Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Consistent Definition between Satellite and Model Clear-Sky Radiative Fluxes

A new method of determining clear-sky radiative fluxes from satellite observations for climate model evaluation is presented. The method consists of applying adjustment factors to existing satellite clear-sky broadband radiative fluxes that make the observed and simulated clear-sky flux definitions more consistent. The adjustment factors are determined from the difference between observation-based radiative transfer model calculations of monthly mean clear-sky fluxes obtained by ignoring clouds in the atmospheric column and by weighting hourly mean clear-sky fluxes with imager-based clear-area fractions. The global mean longwave (LW) adjustment factor is −2.2 W m−2at the top of the atmosphere and 2.7 W m−2at the surface. The LW adjustment factors are pronounced at high latitudes during winter and in regions with high upper-tropospheric humidity and cirrus cloud cover, such as over the west tropical Pacific, and the South Pacific and intertropical convergence zones. In the shortwave (SW), global mean adjustment is 0.5 W m−2at TOA and −1.9 W m−2at the surface. It is most pronounced over sea ice off of Antarctica and over heavy aerosol regions, such as eastern China. However, interannual variations in the regional SW and LW adjustment factors are small compared to those in cloud radiative effect. After applying the LW adjustment factors, differences in zonal mean cloud radiative effect between observations and climate models decrease markedly between 60°S and 60°N and poleward of 65°N. The largest regional improvements occur over the west tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. In contrast, the impact of the SW adjustment factors is much smaller.
An adaptive pose tracking method based on sparse point clouds matching

Abstract An adaptive pose tracking method based on sparse feature point clouds matching is proposed to solve the problem of ICP estimation on quadrotor. In the ordinary environment, ICP is calculated by matching the sparse feature point clouds. After the sudden loss of the depth value, the p3p method is used to obtain the world coordinate of the sparse feature point clouds and then complete the ICP calculation, which solves the problem that the traditional RGB-D SLAM algorithm is difficult to estimate camera motion when the depth loss occurs. It is compared with RGBD-SLAM v2 algorithm on TUM public datasets and the performance is verified.
SECURITY THROUGH ADHOC NETWORK FOR UBIQUITIONS TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTING

This paper examines security through adhoc network for ubiquitions technologies in computing. The meaning of specially appointed systems and its applications, also the paper plunges somewhat more profound into how directing is dealt with in adhoc networks and depicts Security through ADHOC Network for UBIQUITIONS Technologies in Computing and several diverse routing techniques. The paper examines routing strategies from two alternate points of view position based and versatile in each of these two classes it portrays a few unique techniques in more detail. At long last the paper quickly talks about security issues identified with routing conventions this is planned to give the per user a look of which security issues emerges in the outline of specially appointed systems.
Resonance Frequencies in Passive Recordings Map Fracture Systems: Eagle Ford and New Albany Shale Examples

Spectrograms computed from passive seismic trace data reveal the presence and types of signals that are emitted from fractures in reservoirs. The signals are dominated by resonances, are episodic, and are stimulated in different fractures at different times. Computing the spectrograms over hours and days allows clock times to be identified that can be used for imaging the active fractures in the reservoirs. Studies of passive seismic recorded during hydraulic fracturing suggest that these resonances are related to transmissive fractures and arise from fluid filled fractures. They are present in the trace data during quiet times, during stimulation times, and during reservoir production times and the resonating fractures are mapped for all of these conditions. These resonances appear in at least two forms. One type can be modeled as eigen-vibrations of isolated fractures excited by external forces and present in the data as dispersive resonance in the spectrograms. The second type appears as non-dispersive resonance interpreted as turbulent fluid flow moving in and out of connected fractures. By studying their characteristics, we have been able to identify dispersive and non-dispersive types of resonance in our data. The dispersive type can be excited in fractures that experience fracture dimension changes and also in fractures that are experiencing pressure changes within the fracture but do not have fluid flow. Using a unique data set from the hydraulic stimulation of an Engineered Geothermal System development, we have identified both types and have examples of the resonance starting as dispersive resonance, changing to non-dispersive resonance, and then terminating in microearthquake events. Processing selected frequency and time windows of these emissions allows the resonance waveforms to be mapped back to their source locations using seismic depth migration. In quiet, pre-stimulation periods, resonances that show dispersion are more common. During stimulation, when fractures have been pressurized, non-dispersive resonance is more common perhaps caused by fluid flow in the fractures. In the transition between these states, previously closed fractures that are intersected by the stimulation will change their resonance character from dispersive type to non-dispersive type. Recordings during reservoir flooding or during production demonstrate a dominance of non-dispersive resonance. In all cases their locations can be mapped using multichannel recording and seismic depth migration methods.
DFT Solutions for Automated Test and Calibration of Forthcoming RF Integrated Transceivers

As integrated technologies are scaling down, there is an increasing trend in the process,voltage and temperature (PVT) variations of highly integrated RF systems. Accounting for these variations during the design phase requires tremendous amount of time for prediction of RF performance and optimizing it accordingly. Thus, there is an increasing gap between the need to relax the RF performance requirements at the design phase for rapid development and the need to provide high performance and low cost RF circuits that function with PVT variations. No matter how carefully designed, RF integrated circuits (ICs) manufactured with advanced technology nodes necessitate lengthy post-production calibration and test cycles with expensive RF test instruments. Hence design-for-test (DFT) is proposed for low-cost and fast measurement of performance parameters during both post-production and in-field operation. For example, built-in self-test (BIST) is a DFT solution for low-cost on-chip measurement of RF performance parameters. In this dissertation, three aspects of automated test and calibration, including DFT mathematical model, BIST hardware and built-in calibration are covered for RF front-end blocks. First, the theoretical foundation of a post-production test of RF integrated phased array antennas is proposed by developing the mathematical model to measure gain and phase mismatches between antenna elements without any electrical contact. The proposed technique is fast, cost-efficient and uses near-field measurement of radiated power from antennas hence, it requires single test setup, it has easy implementation and it is short in time which makes it viable for industrialized high volume integrated IC production test. Second, a BIST model intended for the characterization of I/Q offset, gain and phase mismatch of IQ transmitters without relying on external equipment is introduced. The proposed BIST method is based on on-chip amplitude measurement as
Identifying climate-related hydrologic regime change in mountainous, cold-region watersheds

The watershed response to climate warming in cold regions is a critical area of water resources research because slight changes in temperature can trigger abrupt changes in hydrologic regimes. A regime shift occurs when the cumulative effect of small perturbations causes an abrupt change in system behavior. As mountainous cold regions warm, potential regime shifts include the loss of snow and glaciers, permafrost thaw, and transitioning from snow-dominated to rainfall-dominated streamflow patterns. Cold regions occupy over half of the land area in the northern hemisphere, and encompass a broad range of physiographic features and climates; this research into regime change focuses on a subset of cold regions situated in mountainous terrain at midand high-latitudes where streamflow is dominated by seasonal snow and glacier meltwater. The science questions guiding this dissertation research explore the hydrologic regime changes that may occur as cold region landscapes continue to warm. To facilitate this research, and to address the absence of a parsimonious water balance model with integrated glacier dynamics and permafrost features, an established USGS water balance model was substantially enhanced with representations of multiple cold region processes. Modeling of hydroclimatic interactions spanning the time period 1950 to 2100 was performed in two different cold-region landscapes: the snow-dominated Rio Grande Headwaters (RGH) in the Colorado Rocky Mountains and the heavily glacierized Copper River watershed in Southcentral Alaska. The mid-latitude RGH reveals little streamflow sensitivity to historical changes in climate, but it does exhibit vulnerability to projected future climate change; by the end of this century, the RGH may no longer possess the characteristics of a snow-dominated watershed that define it today. In the Copper River, discharge is projected to surge by almost 50% by the end of this century as precipitation increases and water is released from perennial storage in snow and ice; however, as glacier mass is exhausted, the inevitable decline of glacier contributions to streamflow will be evident in some tributaries as early as the 2050s.
Oportunidades de Transmissão: Nova Métrica para Otimização de Recursos em Redes Veiculares

Nas redes veiculares ad hoc sem fio a comunicação entre os veículos ocorre de forma oportunista devido a alta mobilidade dos nós. Desenvolver protocolos de roteamento é desafiador dada a complexidade em definir métricas para escolha do próximo salto. Introduzimos o conceito de oportunidades de transmissão ao analisar três bases de dados de movimentação real de táxis. Discutimos como os protocolos de roteamento impactam no uso adequado do estoque de oportunidades de transmissão. Mostramos que as oportunidades de transmissão podem ser utilizadas como métrica tanto para avaliação do desempenho de protocolos de roteamento quanto para o cálculo de recursos em redes veiculares.
RHEOS.jl - A Julia Package for Rheology Data Analysis

Rheology is the science of deformation and flow, with a focus on materials that do not exhibit simple linear elastic or viscous Newtonian behaviours. Rheology plays an important role in the empirical characterisation of soft viscoelastic materials commonly found in the food and cosmetics industry, as well as in biology and bioengineering. A broad range of theoretical tools exist to extract material parameters and interpret them thanks to data analysis and/or physical modelling. RHEOS (RHEology, Open-Source) is a software package designed to make the analysis of rheological data simpler, faster and more reproducible. RHEOS is currently limited to the broad family of linear viscoelastic models. A particular strength of the library is its ability to handle rheological models containing fractional derivatives which have demonstrable utility for the modelling of biological materials but have hitherto remained in relative obscurity-possibly due to their mathematical and computational complexity. RHEOS is written in Julia, which greatly assists achievement of our aims as it provides excellent computational efficiency and approachable syntax. RHEOS is fully documented and has extensive testing coverage. It should be noted that RHEOS is not an optimisation package. It builds on another optimisation package, NLopt, by adding a large number of abstractions and functionality specific to the exploration of viscoelastic data.
Monitoring camera system

The present invention provides a monitoring camera system, which calculates the moving quantity of the camera based on the locating information and orientation information of the camera and the locating information of the object to be monitored to control the camera. The monitoring camera system includes: a camera, receiving images from the monitoring area; a drive device combined with the camera, wherein, the driving device moves the camera; and a camera controller, for using the initial coordinates defined by the position and azimuth angle of the camera and the current direction of the camera to control the drive device, so that the camera faces to the object position.
Identification of trees and their trunks from mobile laser scanning data of roadway scenes

ABSTRACT Trees along the roads are important assets, which need continuous assessment and maintenance. The mobile laser scanning (MLS) has been adopted as mainstream mapping technique for three-dimensional data acquisition along the roads. In this study, an automated method was developed to identify trees and their trunks from MLS data. A bottom-up search in two stages is adopted in the cylinders, which are formed by partitioning of normalized MLS data. Tree trunk is identified first based on linearity and data distribution homogeneity along lower section of object clusters lying near to the respective cylinder’s base centre. Then, crown of tree is retrieved for respective identified trunk using compactness index for circular or near-circular cross section of crown and its axial symmetry about trunk axis. The object cluster composed of trunk and crown both are identified as tree. The proposed method was tested and validated on MLS data of two different roadway test sites that were acquired at different point spacing. The results reveal that the performance of proposed method in these two sites in terms of average completeness, correctness, and measure was 94.4%, 100%, and 97.1%, respectively. The correctness did not change in both sites and it was 100% and stable, which showed that none of the non-tree objects was falsely identified as tree and correctness in trees identification was independent of the test site complexity. The proposed method holds great potential for identifying trees from MLS data of various roadway site conditions, where shapes and sizes of trees in their 3D data get distorted due to occlusions, and partial overlap presents among objects. Furthermore, the proposed method was implemented in the graphics processing unit-based parallel computing framework and runtime was dramatically minimized on MLS datasets of two test sites.
GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation to develop elephant suitability habitat model in Peninsular Malaysia

The greatest threats to biodiversity are the loss of habitat and forest fragmentation. Both of these factors are also the major threats to the survival of Asian elephants throughout Asia including within the Peninsular Malaysia. In addition, forest fragmentation creates a situation where the protected areas (PAs) are isolated from one another. As a result, the biodiversity resources may be reduced, resulting in the difficulty for some of the species such as the Asian elephant to breed and to look for sources of food and ultimately to move out of the areas. Hence, this study aims to develop an Asian elephant habitat suitability model using geoinformation tools with multi criteria evaluation (MCE) techniques. The satellite imageries and topographical maps were used to generate the environmental and topographical habitat parameters encompassing land cover, forest type, water resources, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), slope and salt-lick respectively. The elephants’ home range was determined using satellite transmitter data in order to obtain the habitat preference parameters and their location distribution pattern. Result shows that the highly suitable areas for elephant habitat are mainly concentrated within the Ulu Jelai Forest Reserve, which is a secondary forest, and outside the protected areas. The developed model suggests that long-term conservation of this species requires more effective management of the large continuous areas (both within and outside PAs) consistent with the implementation of National Elephant Conservation Action Plan (NECAP) through the Managed Elephant Range (MERs) program and the construction of eco-viaduct in Peninsular Malaysia. The general Asian elephant suitability habitat map was classified into four levels of suitability with the total percentage of “highly suitable” consists of 43%, followed by “moderately suitable” at 41%, “lowly suitable” at 10% and 6% is “not suitable”. Moreover, this study is capable of evaluating the parameter habitat criteria applied with the ability to modify or to add in order to provide habitats with good quality within their existing natural habitat. Tolerance to elephants presence outside PAs is a key recommendation that food resources are often abundant for Asian elephant. Therefore as an umbrella species, the in situ management of Asian elephants outside the protected areas is critical for their conservation.
Petrogenesis of Jurassic Xietongmen intrusive rocks at the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane: implications for intra-oceanic arc evolution

Abstract The Gangdese batholith, Tibet, records the opening and closing of the Neo-Tethyan ocean and the resultant collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The Mesozoic magmatic rocks play a crucial role in understanding the formation and evolution of the Neo-Tethyan tectonic realm. This study focuses on Jurassic intrusive rocks in the Xietongmen area of the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane adjacent to the Yarlung–Tsangpo suture. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded Middle Jurassic dates for ca 170 Ma hornblende gabbro and ca 173 Ma granodiorite intrusions. All of the samples are medium- to high-K calc-alkaline, and the majority are metaluminous and enriched in the large ion lithophile elements and depleted in the high-field-strength elements. This indicates the magma was generated in a subduction-related tectonic setting. The intrusive rocks have high and positive εHf(t) values (hornblende gabbro: 13.3–18.7; granodiorite: 14.2–17.6) that yield Hf model ages younger than 312 Ma. These new data, combined with the results of previous research, suggest that the Jurassic igneous rocks were derived from a metasomatised region of an asthenospheric mantle wedge. Extremely depleted Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope compositions are similar to the Yarlung ophiolite and igneous rocks within other intra-oceanic island arcs. Together with the existence of sandstone that is identified as the product of the oceanic island arc environment, we suggest formation in an intra-oceanic island arc. The new zircon U–Pb dating has yielded Middle Jurassic ages for the ca 170 Ma hornblende gabbro and ca 173 Ma granodiorite phases of the Xietongmen intrusion. Jurassic igneous rocks formed from a metasomatised asthenospheric mantle wedge by northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust beneath the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane. Late Triassic–Jurassic igneous rocks, which are characterised by highly depleted isotopic compositions within the Southern Lhasa sub-terrane, record residual intra-oceanic island arcs in the eastern Tethyan belt.
Earth observation applications for coastal sustainability: potential and challenges for implementation

The coast is home to unique ecosystems, where complex ecological processes take place through the interaction of terrestrial, aquatic, atmospheric, and human landscapes. However, there are considerable knowledge and data gaps in achieving effective and future change-proof sustainable management of coastal zones around the world due to both technical and social barriers, as well as governance challenges. Currently, the role of Earth observation (EO) in addressing many of the recognised information gaps is small and under-utilised. While EO can provide much of the spatiotemporal information required for historical analysis and current status mapping, and offers the advantage of global coverage; its uptake can be limited by technical and methodological challenges associated mostly with lack of capacity and infrastructure, product accuracy and accessibility, costs, and institutional acceptance. While new initiatives and recent technological progress in the EO and information technology arena aim to tackle some of these issues so that EO products can be more easily used by non-EO experts, uptake is still limited. This paper discusses how EO can potentially inform transformative practices of planning in the coastal water zone, by using examples to demonstrate the EO potential in providing information relevant to decisionmaking framed by international agreements, such as the United Nations Agenda 2030, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Sendai Framework for Risk Reduction. By presenting evidence for how EO can contribute to innovative opportunities and data synergies at scale, the paper discusses opportunities and challenges for a more solution-led approach to sustainable coastal management.
The Role of Landscape Configuration, Season, and Distance from Contaminant Sources on the Degradation of Stream Water Quality in Urban Catchments

Water resources are threatened by many pollution sources. The harmful effects of pollution can be evaluated through biological indicators capable of tracing problems in life forms caused by the contaminants discharged into the streams. In the present study, the effects on stream water quality of landscape configuration, season, and distance from contaminant emissions of diffuse and point sources were accessed through the evaluation of a Portuguese macroinvertebrate index (IPtIN) in 12 observation points distributed within the studied area (Ave River Basin, Portugal). Partial least-squares path models (PLS-PMs) were used to set up cause–effect relationships between this index, various metrics adapted to forest, agriculture, and artificial areas, and the aforementioned emissions, considering 13 distances from the contaminant sources ranging from 100 m to 56 km. The PLS-PM models were applied to summer and winter data to explore seasonality effects. The results of PLS-PM exposed significant scale and seasonal effects. The harmful effects of artificial areas were visible for distances larger than 10 km. The impact of agriculture was also distance related, but in summer this influence was more evident. The forested areas could hold onto contamination mainly in the winter periods. The impact of diffuse contaminant emissions was stronger during summer, when accessed on a short distance. The impact of effluent discharges was small, compared to the influence of landscape metrics, and had a limited statistical significance. Overall, the PLS-PM results evidenced significant cause–effect relationships between land use metrics and stream water quality at 10 km or larger scales, regardless of the season. This result is valid for the studied catchment, but transposition to other similar catchments needs to be carefully verified given the limited, though available, number of observation points.