Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Collapse and Volatile Retention During Heating and Rehumidification of Freeze‐Dried Tomato Juice

The effects of temperature, moisture content, and pectin addition on the “collapse” of freeze-dried tomato juice cake and retention of volatiles were investigated. High temperatures and high moisture contents induce collapse and the loss of volatiles, which was measured with 14C-labelled butyl acetate. The addition of pectin, which enhances the viscosity of the tomato juice, increases its “collapse” temperature after freeze-drying and the retention of volatiles.
Study on Orthogonal Experiment of Electrochemical Formation of Zinc Selenide from Acidic Aqueous Solutions

There were carried on experiment in zinc sulfate and selenite sodium electrolyte solution. To further studying the influence of the ZnSe films ingredient and the appearance influence of electrochemical formation ZnSe thin films, the deposition parameters, which are the pH, Zn2+/SeO32- molar ratio, complexing agent sodium citrate, bath temperature and current density, are studied by the orthogonal experiment, the influence on Zn of the parameters from strong to weak are attained.
A kinetic formulation of piezoresistance in N-type silicon: Application to non-linear effects

Cette publication est consacree a l'etude theorique de l'influence de la temperature et du dopage sur la piezoresistivite du silicium type N. Dans une premiere etape nous adoptons le modele de vallees et nous utilisons une formulation cinetique du transport electronique faisant appel a l'equation de transport de Boltzmann pour calculer la variation de la resistivite du semiconducteur sous contrainte. Dans la deuxieme etape nous exprimons les deplacements des minima de la bande de conduction et du niveau de Fermi en termes de potentiels de deformation et de contraintes. Nous proposons ensuite des expressions generales pour les coefficients piezoresistifs fondamentaux lineaires, π 11 et π 12 , et non-lineaires, π 111 , π 112 , π 122 et π 123 . Des representations graphiques des variations des coefficients non-lineaires permettent de caracteriser l'influence du dopage et de la temperature. Enfin nous fournissons une premiere pre-estimation des effets non-lineaires pour des jauges en silicium N degenere.
Studies of the Swelling and Drying Kinetics of Thin Gelatin Gel Films by in Situ Interferometry

Both the swelling and drying kinetics of thin gelatin gel films were studied by in situ interferometry. Both a novel interferometry sensor and a conventional interferometer were used. One of the advantages of using the in situ interferometers is that the experimental time required to reach final swelling equilibrium has been reduced from hours, or even days, to minutes. The basic principle of in situ interferometry is illustrated. Our swelling experimental data can be better fitted by the fit-order kinetics than by the suggested second-order one in literatures. This apparent contradiction has been discussed in terms of the difference in the size of gelatin gel. The experimental data obtained in the drying process show that the film-drying rate increases with time, while according to the general gel-shrinking theory developed by Li and Tanaka the gel-shrinking rate should decrease with time. We have shown that the deviation might be attributed to the intrinsic difference between the drying and shrinking procmes, Le. , one is in dry air and another is in solvent, and to the nature of gelatin gel. In addition, the ratio of the shear modulus over the longitudinal modulus and the cooperative diffusion coefficient were also estimated from the swelling experimental results.
Synthesis of ZnO particles on zinc foil in ionic-liquid precursors

Structurally similar ionic-liquid precursors are explored for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles on zinc foil. During the synthesis, the ionic-liquid precursors have multi-functions such as reactant, solvent and template. Experiments are performed at different ionic-liquid precursor concentrations. Results demonstrates that different ZnO nanostructures with uniform size and morphology can be synthesized from tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTMAH) ionic-liquid precursors on the surface of zinc foil. The formation mechanism of the synthesized particles is proposed based on the experimental results.
Encapsulation and Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Thermoresponsive Microgels

Gold nanoparticles are encapsulated within thermoresponsive pNIPAM migrogels through an easy two-step protocol. The core/shell structure of the composite is characterized by TEM, AFM, PCS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The restricted environment and the high porosity of the microgel shell are studied through the overgrowth of the gold core.
Kinetics of Glyphosate Adsorption on Composite Resin from Aqueous Solution

The composite weakly basic resin (D301Fe) was prepared and examined using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption kinetics of glyphosate from aqueous solution onto composite weakly basic resin (D301Fe) were investigated under different conditions. The experimental data was analyzed using various adsorption kinetic models like pseudo-first order, the pseudo-second order, the Elovich and the parabolic diffusion models to determine the best-fit equation for the adsorption of glyphosate onto D301Fe. The results show that the pseudo-second order equation fitted the experimental data well and its adsorption was chemisorption-controlled.
Vesicular aceclofenac systems: A comparative study between liposomes and niosomes

Vesicular delivery systems have been reported to serve as local depot for sustained drug release. Aceclofenac multilamellar liposomes and niosomes were prepared and a comparative study was done between them through evaluation of entrapment efficiency, particle size, shape, differential scanning calorimetry and in vitro drug release. A stability study was carried out by investigating the leakage of aceclofenac and the change in the vesicles particle size when stored at (2–8°C) for 3 months. The anti-inflammatory effect of aceclofenac vesicles was assessed by the rat paw oedema technique. Results showed that the entrapment efficiency and the in vitro release of aceclofenac from the vesicles can be manipulated by varying the cholesterol content, the type of surfactant as well as the type of charge. Niosomes showed better stability than liposomes. Both vesicular systems showed significant sustained anti-inflammatory activity compared to the marketed product, with niosomes being superior to liposomes as manifested by both oedema rate and inhibition rate percentages suggesting their effectiveness as topical anti-inflammatory delivery systems.
Effect of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) - a rainfed pulse crop

The response of blackgram ( Vigna mungo L. Hepper) to two levels of elevated carbon dioxide (550 and 700 ppm) in terms of growth and yield was investigated and compared with ambient CO 2 level (365 ppm) using open-top chambers. The growth parameters viz., length and weight of root and shoot, root:shoot ratio, leaf area and weight significantly increased at 700 ppm CO 2 when compared with 550 ppm. The percentage increase in total biomass at 700 and 550 ppm CO 2 was 65.4% and 39%, respectively compared to the ambient (chamber) control. The increase in total seed yield at 700 ppm (129%) was due to an increase in number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight, whereas at 550 ppm (88.7%) it was due to an increased number of pods/plant and seeds/pod. The results indicate variable responsive effects at different levels of CO 2 emphasizing the pertinence of research on elevated CO 2 in various agroecological inhabitations all over the world. The indication of higher responses for root and leaf at initial growth stages at the higher elevated level of CO 2 (700 ppm), which leads to better root establishment, achieving early photosynthetic efficiency and also better biomass production, and its improved partitioning can be reckoned as a positive aspect of increasing concentrations of CO 2 in atmosphere. The harvest index increased significantly to 35.7 and 38.4% at 550 and 700 ppm, respectively; it is a very important phenomenon in pulses for breaking the yield barrier.
An efficient approach to the key intermediate of rosuvastatin

Abstract An efficient synthetic approach to the synthesis of the 5-pyrimidinecarbaldehyde 2, which is the key intermediate of rosuvastatin, involves the aerobic oxidation of the 5-pyrimidinemethanol 1 in the presence of Co(NO3)2, dimethylglyoxime (DmgH2), and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) under mild reaction conditions. The method does not require the use of hazardous or expensive chemicals and is suitable for scale-up.
UV-irradiated photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene by titania binding on quartz tube

A new method for UV-irradiated degradation of nitrobenzene by titania photocatalysts was proposed, titania nanoparticles were coated on a quartz tube through the introduction of tetraethyl orthosilicate into the matrix. The dependence of nitrobenzene photodegradation on pH, temperature, concentration, and air feeding was discussed, and the physical properties such as the activation energy, entropy, enthalpy, adsorption constant, and rate constant were acquired by conducting the reactions in a variety of experimental conditions. The optimum efficiency of the photodegradation with the nitrobenzene residue as low as 8.8% was achieved according to the experimental conditions indicated. The photodegradation pathways were also investigated through HPLC, GC/MS, ion chromatography (IC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyses.
Hydrogen Bonding of Water to Phosphatidylcholine in the Membrane As Studied by a Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Location, Geometry, and Lipid-Lipid Bridging via Hydrogen-Bonded Water

Hydrogen (H-) bonding between water and phosphatidylcholine was studied using a molecular dynamics simulation of a hydrated phosphatidylcholine bilayer membrane in the liquid crystalline phase. A membrane in the liquid-crystalline phase composed of 72 L-R-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 1622 water molecules was generated, starting from the crystal structure of DMPC. At the beginning of the equilibration process, the temperature of the system was raised to 550 K for 20 ps, which was effective in breaking the initial crystalline structure. The thermodynamic and structural parameters became stable after the equilibration period of 1100 ps, and the trajectory of the system obtained during the following 500 ps agreed well with most of the published experimental data. Each DMPC molecule forms 5.3 H-bonds with water, while only 4.5 water molecules are H-bonded to DMPC. The primary targets of water for the formation of H-bonds are the non-ester phosphate oxygens (4.0 H-bonds) and the carbonyl oxygens (1.0 H-bonds). Of DMPC’s H-bonds, 1.7 are formed with water molecules that are simultaneously H-bonded to two different DMPC oxygens (bridging water). In effect, approximately 70% of the DMPC molecules are linked by water molecules and form clusters of two to seven DMPC molecules. Approximately 70% of the intermolecular water bridges are formed between non-ester phosphate oxygens. The rest are formed between non-ester phosphate and carbonyl oxygens. About half of the intermolecular water bridges are involved in formation of multiple bridges, where two DMPC molecules are linked by more than one parallel bridge. These results suggest a possibility that water bridges are involved in reducing head group mobility and in stabilizing the membrane structure. Non-ester phosphate oxygen of DMPC makes one, two, or three H-bonds with water, but two H-bonds are formed most often (60%). In the case where two H-bonds are formed on non-ester phosphate or carbonyl oxygens, the average geometry of H-bonding is planar trigonal (in the case of water oxygen with two H-bonds, geometry is steric tetragonal). When oxygen atoms form three H-bonds, the geometry of H-bonding is steric tetragonal both for non-ester phosphate and water oxygens. On average, H-bonds make nearly right angles with each other when two or three water molecules are bound to the same DMPC oxygen, but the distribution of the angle is broad.
Agarose Sols and Gels Revisited

Agarose sols have been seen for long as solutions of flexible chains that, on cooling, produce thermoreversible gels through double-helix formation. Investigations of the chain conformation in the sol state by small-angle neutron scattering reveals instead a rigid chain with a very large persistence length (I p > 9 nm). The chain cross-section radius and mass per unit length correspond to characteristics of helices as those described by Foord and Atkins. These results lead one to a reappraisal of the occurrence of double helices in the gelation process, as they rather suggest a transition of the type loose-single helix⇒tight single helix. Studies of gels from agarose/water/cosolvent where the cosolvent is Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Dimethyl Formamide (DMF), and Methyl Formamide (MF) have led one to conclude on the formation of agarose/water/cosolvent ternary complexes. The contrast variation method by neutron scattering gives further support to this assumption. Finally, determination of the gel nanostructure allows one to account for the two regimes observed for the variation of the elastic modulus vs concentration.
Enzymatic treatment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal wastewater

Conventional wastewater treatment plants do not effectively remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). As a result, PPCPs enter the environment via treated wastewater discharge. Enzymatic treatment, using the laccasemediator system, is a novel biochemical process that has been shown to effectively treat some PPCPs. This study investigates the efficacy of the laccase-mediator system to treat PPCPs using a process that can be easily implemented at an existing wastewater treatment plant. Enzymatic treatment will be most beneficial after primary sedimentation and before conventional biological treatment, where unoxidized PPCPs and byproducts could have the opportunity for further degradation in biological treatment. In this work, two enzymatic treatment configurations were studied. A step-wise optimization process was used that alternately varied treatment conditions: pH, enzyme activity, mediator concentration, and reactor detention time. In the optimization process of each configuration, successful oxybenzone removal (~90%) was achieved in municipal primary effluent. In a direct comparison of treatment configurations, both resulted in vi similar percent removals of oxybenzone. Therefore, the configuration with the simpler operation and reactor design was chosen for further study. During the optimization process, several noteworthy conclusions were made that might have full-scale enzymatic treatment implications. Specifically, successful oxybenzone removal occurred at unadjusted pH and without aeration, but increased biological oxygen demand of the wastewater increased the required mediator concentration. While the first finding would decrease enzymatic treatment costs, the latter would increase the costs associated with the mediator. Thus, an alternative mediator source, specifically one high in phenolic compounds, is desired. The use of wine, as a surrogate of winery wastewater, was in investigated and proved ineffective. Further investigation of alternative mediator sources is required. Treatment of another PPCP, sulfamethoxazole, was less efficient (65% removal) than that of oxybenzone, but nevertheless, the substantial removal might indicate that other PPCPs can be treated with the laccase-mediator system. The most promising result of this work was the simultaneous treatment of multiple PPCPs, oxybenzone and sulfamethoxazole. Simultaneous treatment proved to be as effective as when each PPCP was treated individually.
Monitoring of Air Pollution in Košice (Eastern Slovakia) Using Lichens

The influence of air pollution on epiphytic lichens in Kosice city has been studied. We observed differences in number of species as well as lichen abundance at sites close to a steel factory south of the city, the city center, and peripheral parts north of the city. For the city center and sites close to steel factory, lichens more tolerant to pollution from Zone 3-4 were typical. However, on the north periphery of the city (site “Alpinka”) we found even Ramalina fastigiata, a typical member of zone 7, which include lichens very sensitive to air pollution [30]. We demonstrated by chlorophyll analysis of transplanted Hypogymnia physodes, that chlorophyll a degradation (expressed as ratio of OD 435/OD 415) negatively correlates with degree of lichen diversity and abundance at the studied sites. Using EDX-microanalysis we determined amounts of elements in lichen thalli of Lecanora chlarotera, Physcia tenella and bark of the tree Populus tremula (lichen substrate) near U.S. Steel in Kosice due to determine the chemical nature of air pollution. Similarly, we analyzed the amount of these pollutants in control lichens Flavoparmelia caperata, Ramalina fastigiata and Physcia aipolia, grown in northern peripheral parts of the city. We demonstrated possibilities to parallel the use of several methodologies in assessment of air pollution by lichens in urban areas with intensive industry.
Investigation of GaN crystal quality on silicon substrates using GaN/AlN superlattice structures

The crystal quality of GaN thin film on silicon using GaN/AlN superlattice structures was investigated. The growth was carried out on Si(111) for GaN(0001) in a metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy system. Various GaN/AlN superlattice intermediate layers have been designed to decrease the dislocation density. The results showed that the etch pit density could be greatly reduced by one order of magnitude. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) study confirmed the efficiency of GaN/AlN superlattice in blocking threading dislocation propagation in GaN crystal. The design of nine period GaN/AlN (20nm/2nm) superlattice has been evidenced to be effective in reducing the dislocation density and improving the crystal quality. In addition, the dislocation bending in GaN/AlN interface and dislocation merging is investigated. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atmospheric-pressure plasma sources for biomedical applications

Atmospheric-pressure plasmas (APPs) have attracted great interest and have been widely applied in biomedical applications, as due to their non-thermal and reactive properties, they interact with living tissues, cells and bacteria. Various types of plasma sources generated at atmospheric pressure have been developed to achieve better performance in specific applications. This article presents an overview of the general characteristics of APPs and a brief summary of their biomedical applications, and reviews a wide range of these sources developed for biomedical applications. The plasma sources are classified according to their power sources and cover a wide frequency spectrum from dc to microwaves. The configurations and characteristics of plasma sources are outlined and their biomedical applications are presented.
Thermoelectric alloys between PbSe and PbS with effective thermal conductivity reduction and high figure of merit

The n-type alloys between PbSe and PbS are studied. The effect of alloy composition on transport properties is evaluated and the results are interpreted with theories based on random atomic site substitution. The alloying in PbSe1−xSx brings thermal conductivity reduction, carrier mobility reduction as well as change of effective mass. When all these factors are evaluated, both experimentally and theoretically, the optimized thermoelectric performance is found to change gradually with alloy composition. High zT can be found in all PbSe1−xSx alloys. The possibility of achieving significant improvement of zT through alloying is also discussed.
On annealing twins and CSL distributions in F.C.C. polycrystals

The influence of annealing twin density on CSL distributions in f.c. c. materials is discussed. Geometric considerations are presented which show that as a consequence of both energetic and crystallographic constraints associated with twinning, a CSL distribution consisting entirely of low-Σ boundaries is attainable. Considered the limit of grain boundary character control for high angle grain boundaries, such a ‘twin-limited’ CSL distribution is expected to arise when the annealing twin frequency approaches 2/3. Der Einflus der Anlaszwillingsdichte auf die CSL-Verteilung in kubisch flachenzentrierten Materialien wird diskutiert. Geometrische Betrachtungen zeigen, das als Folge von energetischen und kristallographischen Randbedingungen bei der Zwillingsbildung eine CSL-Verteilung erreichbar ist, die vollstandig aus Grenzflachen mit niedrigen Σ-Werten besteht. Eine solche durch „Zwillingsbildung begrenzte” CSL-Verteilung, die als Grenzfall der Korngrenzencharakterkontrolle fur Groswinkelkorngrenzen angesehen werden kann, wird erwartet, wenn der Anteil der Anlaszwillinge 2/3 erreicht.
Physicochemical, functional, textural and colour characteristics of starches isolated from four taro cultivars of North‐East India

Physicochemical, functional, textural and colour characteristics of starches from four North-East Indian taro cultivars namely, Ahina, Muktakashi, JCC37 and JCC57 were examined. The starch granules were irregular and polygonal in shape and average size of the granules varied from 2.49 to 3.29 µm. All the cultivars presented A-type XRD pattern, which is a characteristic of cereal starches. The FT-IR spectra obtained for the four starch samples were similar in the form and intensity of the major peaks. The gelatinization temperatures (Tp) of Ahina, Muktakashi, JCC37 and JCC57 starches were 73.33, 70.61, 83.33 and 80.01°C, respectively. The Tp of JCC37 and JCC57 were much higher compared to Ahina and Muktakashi starch. The swelling and solubility of the starches were not much different from each other and were comparable to rice starch. Pasting temperatures of the starch pastes ranged from 83.3 to 87.2°C and were higher compared to rice or taro starches reported by other authors, but were closer to maize starch. The starch pastes had less lightness and texture was found to be less firm. Freeze–thaw stability of the starch gels were poor making it unsuitable for foods subjected to refrigeration.
Vergleich von Phasen-Kontrast MRT-Messungen mit Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulationen bei der Quantifikation hämodynamischer Veränderungen in intrakraniellen Aneurysmen nach Implantation eines Flow Diverters

Zerebrale Aneurysmen stellen einen Risikofaktor fur intrakranielle Blutungen dar. Eine Behandlungsmethode ist die Implantation eines Flow-Diverters (FD). Ziel dieser Arbeit war die quantitative Bestimmung hamodynamischer Parameter mittels CFD Simulationen und PC-MRT Messungen in patienten-spezifischen Modellen von behandelten zerebralen Aneurysmen und die Korrelation mit dem klinischen Ergebnis. CFD Simulationen und PC-MRT zeigten ahnliche Ergebnisse. Die Flussreduktion im Aneurysma unterschied sich deutlich zwischen den klinisch nicht erfolgreichen Fallen (Reduktion 30-50%) von dem erfolgreichen Fall (Reduktion 80%).