Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-morbid pain conditions and feelings of invalidation and isolation among women with vulvodynia

Many women with vulvodynia also suffer from other chronic co-morbid pain conditions. Alone, these pain conditions are associated with feeling invalidated by others and feeling socially isolated. It is unclear, however, how the presence of additional pain co-morbidities are associated with the psychosocial wellbeing of women with vulvodynia. We used data from a survey administered by the National Vulvodynia Association. Women reported clinician-diagnosed vulvodynia, presence of co-morbid pain, and how often they felt that they felt no one believed their pain existed (invalidated) and isolated. Analyses determined prevalence of feeling invalidated or isolated, and the difference in prevalence when co-morbidities existed. Forty-five percent of these 1847 women with vulvodynia reported having at least one of the following five chronic pain conditions, chronic fatigue syndrome, endometriosis, fibromyalgia, interstitial cystitis, or irritable bowel syndrome. Adjusted baseline prevalence among all women of feeling invalidated was 9% and of feeling isolated was 14%. Having a co-morbid condition with vulvodynia, as well as having an increasing number of co-morbid conditions with vulvodynia, was significantly associated with the presence of feeling both invalidated and isolated. Chronic fatigue syndrome was the co-morbidity most strongly associated with feelings invalidation and isolation. One or more co-morbid pain conditions in addition to vulvodynia were significantly associated with psychosocial wellbeing. However, the temporality of the association could not be elucidated and therefore we cannot conclude that these pain conditions cause poor psychosocial wellbeing. Despite this, future studies should explore the utility of promoting validation of women's pain conditions and reducing social isolation for women with chronic pain.
Lactate as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill

Purpose of reviewAn early quantitative resuscitation strategy improves outcome in critically ill patients. The hemodynamic endpoints of such a strategy have been a topic of debate in the literature. This review focuses on the use of lactate as a marker for risk stratification, lactate clearance as a hemodynamic endpoint, and its use compared to mixed venous oxygenation as a resuscitation goal. Recent findingsLactate clearance is associated with improved outcome across several cohorts of critically ill patients. Lactate levels and central venous oxygen saturations are frequently discordant. Targeting lactate clearance as part of a quantitative resuscitation strategy may be as effective as targeting central venous oxygen saturation. SummaryResuscitation of the critically ill patient should be aimed at the reversal of tissue hypoxia. The use of lactate as a hemodynamic marker and resuscitation endpoint makes physiologic sense, and is supported by the recent data. The use of lactate clearance versus other traditional endpoints of resuscitation, such as mixed venous oxygen saturation, should be based on the clinical characteristics and response of the individual patient.
RHEOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRACHEAL MUCIN AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA EXTRACELLULAR ALGINATE

P a t i e n t s wi th c y s t i c f i b r o s i s (CF) s u f f e r from p r o g r e s s i v e lung d i s e a s e and a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y s u s c e p t i b l e t o i n f e c t i o n wi th mucoid s t r a i n s of Ps.aeruginosa. Coloniza t ion w i t h t h e s e s t r a i n s l e a d s t o a rap id d e t e r i o r a t i o n i n pulmonary func t ion and c l e a r a n c e of t h i c k s t i c k y r e s p i r a t o r y mucus becomes a s e r i o u s problem. Mucoid cel ls of Ps . aeruginosa secrete a polyanionic exopolysaccharide which resembles a l g i n i c a c i d and forms g e l s i n t h e presence of calcium and o t h e r d i v a l e n t c a t i o n s . Since i t has been repor ted t h a t ca lc ium l e v e l s a r e e l e v a t e d i n t h e CF lung (Kilbourn 1984) , i t i s of importance t o determine t h e e x t e n t t o which Pseudomonas a l g i n a t e c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e r h e o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of CF mucus, and whether v a r i o u s c a t i o n s a r e of s i g n i f i c a n c e i n any i n t e r a c t i o n . Tracheal mucin from c h r o n i c b r o n c h i t i c s (CB) was a l s o s t u d i e d s i n c e t h i s r e p r e s e n t s a c o n t r o l wi th a similar l e v e l of i n f e c t i o n . Mucin was p u r i f i e d from CF and CB sputum by g e l f i l t r a t i o n and concent ra ted by u l t r a f i l t r a t i o n t o 8% w/w. were grown i n s t a t i c l i q u i d medium (casamino a c i d s 1 % , potassium gluconate 2%) f o r 144 hours a t 37°C. The b a c t e r i a were removed by c e n t r i f u g a t i o n and t h e a l g i n a t e e x t r a c t e d by caesium c h l o r i d e i sopycnic d e n s i t y c e n t r i f u g a t i o n and concent ra ted t o 3% w/w. S o l u t i o n s of calcium c h l o r i d e (100 mM) and sodium c h l o r i d e (200 mM) were prepared i n HEPES b u f f e r (0 .05 M , pH 7 . 4 ) and mixtures of t h e s e s a l t s o l u t i o n s (4% v/v) w i t h mucin (80% v / v ) p l u s a l g i n a t e (16% v / v ) were e q u i l i b r a t e d f o r 18 h a t 4 O C . The r h e o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s were measured u s i n g an o s c i l l a t i n g sphere microrheometer over t h e range 0 . 2 20.0 Hz. The v a l u e s a t 10 Hz, which approximates t o t h e ra te of c i l i a r y b e a t i n g , were used t o c a l c u l a t e t h e percentage i n c r e a s e i n s t o r a g e and lo s s moduli (G' and G" r e s p e c t i v e l y ) of mucin /sa l t s s o l u t i o n s on a d d i t i o n of t h e a l g i n a t e . These percentage i n c r e a s e s t o g e t h e r wi th t h e s tandard e r r o r s (SE) are t a b u l a t e d below.
GENIC DIFFERENTIATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE EARLY STAGES OF SPECIATON IN THE MULLERI SUBGROUP OF DROSOPHILA

Organic evolution occurs by means of change in gene frequency through time. This change can be best studied by comparing the genetic constitution of populations which are characterized by a varying degree of evolutionary separation. This separation may be recognized only as a distance in space or time or may be expressed in terms of morphological, ethological or ecological differences. It may, finally, take the form of some kind of reproductive isolation. In most cases one has a combination of these forms of evolutionary separation. In practice the problem of comparing the genic structure of two or more populations presents two major difficulties. First, we need to study a sample of loci small enough to fall within the limits of practicality and yet large enough to be regarded as representative, even to a first approximation, of the genome. Allelic substitutions at these loci must be studied in single individuals and distinguished from substitutions that occur in other loci, and a substantial proportion of these allelic substitutions must be distinguished from each other. Second, we need to establish that genes occurring in two different yet closely related species are allelic forms of the same locus, i.e., to establish the homology of the two genes. Separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis meets these requirements to a satisfactory degree. Hubby and Lewontin ( 1966) discussed the advantages and limitations of this technique in surveying genic variation in populations of the same species and Nair et al. (1971) commented particularly on
Cross‐organism analysis using InterMine

InterMine is a data integration warehouse and analysis software system developed for large and complex biological data sets. Designed for integrative analysis, it can be accessed through a user‐friendly web interface. For bioinformaticians, extensive web services as well as programming interfaces for most common scripting languages support access to all features. The web interface includes a useful identifier look‐up system, and both simple and sophisticated search options. Interactive results tables enable exploration, and data can be filtered, summarized, and browsed. A set of graphical analysis tools provide a rich environment for data exploration including statistical enrichment of sets of genes or other entities. InterMine databases have been developed for the major model organisms, budding yeast, nematode worm, fruit fly, zebrafish, mouse, and rat together with a newly developed human database. Here, we describe how this has facilitated interoperation and development of cross‐organism analysis tools and reports. InterMine as a data exploration and analysis tool is also described. All the InterMine‐based systems described in this article are resources freely available to the scientific community. genesis 53:547–560, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Treatment of Psoriasis with Azarihine

An open study was made of 25 patients with severe, recalcitrant psoriasis treated with azaribine (6-azauridine triacetate). Most patients received 125 mg/kg/day for a period of 8 weeks. A good to excellent response with 60–100% clearing of lesions was observed in 14 patients and a fair response with 40–60% improvement in another 6 patients. Thus 20 patients (80% of the series) exhibited a favorable clinical response. 16 of these 20 patients relapsed to approximately pretreatment status within 1 month after stopping therapy. The most frequently observed side-effects were mild reversible anemia, fatigue and mild transient gastrointestinal symptoms. 8 patients (32% of the series) exhibited sufficient toxicity to necessitate the discontinuance of therapy. 1 patient experienced an unexplained femoral arterial thrombotic episode while on the drug. Azaribine may find a place in the therapy of severe psoriasis particularly in patients with hepatic disease. However, further studies of its potential for toxicity are indicated.
MORTALITY AND ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS OF ORYZA PERENNIS STRAINS

The evolutionary dynamics of an organism are characterized by its mode of adaptation. Different lines of approach to this problem have been reported in plants. For instance, studies on the population dynamics of Avena fatua and A. barbata revealed their difference in adaptive strategy which suggested that the former species relies more on genetic diversity and less on phenotypic plasticity than the latter (Jain and Marshall, 1967). In Ranunculus flammula, ecotypic variation and heterophylly seemed to be complementary in adapting to varying degrees of submersion (Cook and Johnson, 1968). The responses to artificial climates of Mimulus species, their strains and hybrids, indicated their adaptability in different habitats (Vickery, 1974). The differentiation of plants into rand Kstrategists was discussed by several workers on the basis of variations in reproductive and vegetative potentialities (Gadgil and Solbrig, 1972; Solbrig and Simpson, 1974; McNaughton, 1975). Demographic observations of Ranunculus species showed their differences in the mode of population f1ux (Sarukhan and Harper, 1973) . In this paper, survivorship in the field and fecundity as shown by soil-buried seeds are the main objects of study. Oryza perennis Moench is distributed throughout the humid tropics, and includes many varieties or forms which can be divided into four main geographical races, Asian, American, African (subsp. barthii], and Oceanian (Morishima, 1969, by numerical taxonomic analysis). They exhibit
OUTCROSSING IN NATURAL POPULATIONS. V. ANALYSIS OF OUTCROSSING, INBREEDING, AND SELECTION IN CLARKIA EXILIS AND CLARKIA TEMBLORIENSIS

Earlier papers in this series (Vasek, 1964b, 1965, 1967, 1968) have been concerned with the estimation of outcrossing for the purpose of comparing the breeding systems of closely related Clarkia species. Outcrossing estimates have been obtained for three populations of Clarkia exilis and one population of Clarkia unguiculata. The latter species has an outcrossing frequency of essentially 100%, an estimate in accord with expectations based on its long styled, protandrous flowers. Clarkia exilis has received greater emphasis because the first estimates of about 44% were higher than expected on the basis of its short styled, synandrogynous flower structure, and because several fairly large populations with suitable markers were known and accessible. A continuing search for suitable markers in large populations of the other species in the section has not been particularly successful. However, markers have been located and studied in several relatively small populations of C. tembloriensis and in two additional populations of C. exilis. These studies permit an initial estimate of the breeding system of C. tembloriensis, a comparison of small populations with large populations of C. exilis, and an assessment of whether a reasonable outcrossing estimate is possible from a small population or whether a large population is necessary. The same studies also permit an evaluation of inbreeding in these populations and an evaluation of selection by comparing gametic with sporophytic gene frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and evaluate these parameters.
Kalça Kırıklı Yaşlı Türk Hasta Grubunda Bir ve İki Yıllık Mortaliteyi Etkileyen Faktörler

Amac: Kalca kiriklari ileri yaslarin fonksiyon kaybi ve olum ile sonuclanabilen ciddi saglik sorunlarindandir. Bu calismada amac kalca kirigi sonrasi yasli Turk hastalarda degisik risk faktorlerinin mortalite uzerine etkisini ortaya koymaktir. Hastalar ve Yontemler: 2001-2006 yillari arasinda kalca kirigi nedeniyle ameliyat edilmis, 60 yas ve uzeri, en az iki yillik takibi olan 240 hastanin (ort. yas 76.0±8.2) demografik verileri, ameliyat oncesi sureleri, anestezi ve ASA fiziksel durumu, basvuru albumin duzeyi ile ek morbiditeleri incelendi. Bulgular: Gelis albumin seviyesi 3.45±0.62 g/dl olarak bulundu. Yuz sekiz hastada (%45) albumin dusuklugu vardi. Albumin duzeyine gore bir ve iki yil mortalite orani anlamli degildi. Ameliyat oncesi yatis sureleri incelendiginde; birinci yil mortalitesi erkek hastalarda istatistiksel anlamli yuksek bulunurken (p=0.015), ikinci yil mortalitesi bulunmadi. ASA fiziksel skorlari yuksek olan hastalarin birinci yil mortaliteleri ile korelasyonunun istatistiksel olarak anlamli oldugu (p=0.002), ikinci yilda ise olmadigi (p=0.169) saptandi. Cinsiyet incelendiginde, birinci yil mortalitesi erkekler icin yuksek bulundu (p=0.001). Sonuc: Yuksek ASA skorlarina ek morbiditeler nedeniyle yasli hastalarda sik karsilasilmaktadir. Preoperatif hazirlik surecinin ASA skoru yuksek olan hastalarda uzun olmasi nedeniyle ameliyat oncesi sure uzayabilmektedir. Kalca kirigi olan hastalarin bir ve iki yillik mortalite ongorusunde ASA fiziksel durumu ve ameliyat oncesi gecikmenin onemli belirtecler oldugu gorusundeyiz.
Reading Processes of University Students with Dyslexia - An Examination of the Relationship between Oral Reading and Reading Comprehension.

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of oral reading and how it relates to reading comprehension in students with dyslexia. A group of Danish university students with dyslexia (n = 16) and a comparison group of students with no history of reading problems (n = 16) were assessed on their oral reading performance when reading a complex text. Along with reading speed, we measured not only the number and quality of reading errors but also the extent and semantic nature of the self-corrections during reading. The reading comprehension was measured through aided text retellings. The results showed that, as a group, the dyslexics performed poorer on most measures, but there were notable within-group differences in the reading behaviours and little association between how well university students with dyslexia read aloud and comprehended the text. These findings suggest that many dyslexics in higher education tend to focus their attention on one subcomponent of the reading process, for example, decoding or comprehension, because engaging in both simultaneously may be too demanding for them. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudotail as a feature of microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome.

Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Clinical Genetics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, Department of Pathology, UWCM, Cardiff, Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK and Ain-Shams University Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt Correspondence to Dr Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Clinical Genetics, St Michael’s Hospital, Southwell St Bristol BS2 8EG, UK Tel: + 44 1173 425107; fax: + 44 1173 425108; e-mail: ruth.newbury-ecob@UHBristol.nhs. uk
Terminal 14q deletion with unbalanced t(Y;14)(q12;q32) translocation

Terminal deletions of chromosome 14q are very rarely reported. Schneider et al. (2008) reviewed about 20 cases of 14q32 region deletion in a previous article and only three of the cases involved autosomal translocations; however, no sex chromosome translocations were reported. Here we report the clinical findings of a patient with terminal 14q32 deletion derivated from at (Y;14)(q12;q32) translocation.
Cisgenderism in Family Therapy: How Everyday Clinical Practices Can Delegitimize People's Gender Self-Designations

Cisgenderism is the ideology that delegitimizes people's own designations of their genders and bodies. Family therapy (FT) offers a systemic, non-pathologizing framework for working with people who have experienced cisgenderism. Unfortunately, FT practices, like those of many mental health professionals, are often cisgenderist. The authors discuss literature on cisgenderism, explore implications of therapists’ and supervisors’ cisgenderist practices, and provide a brief self-reflection tool.
NON‐LINEAR MACROMOLECULAR EVOLUTION AND THE MOLECULAR CLOCK

ROBERT S. CORRUCCINI,' MARIETTA BABA,2 MORRIS GOODMAN,3 RUSSELL L. CIOCHON,4 AND JOHN E. CRONIN' 'Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 2Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 3Department of Anatomy, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, Michigan 48201 4Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 and 5Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
Update on the use of fibrinolysins in pleural disease

Fibrinolytic therapy for hemothorax and empyema was introduced into clinical practice over 50 years ago and remains part of the therapeutic armamentarium today. The use of fibrinolysins in this situation is predicated on the concept that intrapleural organization and fibrosis can be prevented by augmentation of intrapleural fibrinolytic activity. A number of plasminogen activators have been used to effect intrapleural fibrinolysis, including streptokinase, urokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator. All these agents increase intrapleural fibrinolytic activity by increasing local generation of plasmin. Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy does not induce systemic fibrinolysis and is generally well tolerated. Fibrinolytic therapy remains a treatment option for selected patients with intrapleural loculation associated with parapneumonic effusions or organizing hemothorax, but its efficacy in these contexts remains controversial and is being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials.
DOES HIGH FECUNDITY REDUCE SURVIVAL IN SONG SPARROWS?

Several life history models (reviewed by Stearns, 1976) incorporate the intuitively attractive assumption that animals forego maximum annual fecundity to increase their subsequent survival. Birds are among the most convenient animals to test this assumption, since fecundity and survival can be measured readily. Descriptive studies by Kluyver (1963) and Campbell (Lack, 1966, p. 109), and a recent experimental study by De Steven (1980), do not support the assumption. On the other hand, a descriptive study by Bryant (1979) and experimental studies by Kluyver (1971) and Askenmo (1979) do support the assumption. Further empirical information is needed to establish how often, and under what circumstances, survival and fecundity are negatively associated. In this paper I report on a positive association between reproductive performance and female survival in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. This study of an island population provided detailed life history information because individuals were sedentary and immigration rates low. I addressed the following questions: (1) Did females which disappeared between breeding seasons differ in fecundity and reproductive success from surviving females? (2) Are fecundity and reproductive success of individual females similar in successive years? (3) Are differences in fecundity and reproductive success heritable? (4) Is the probability that an individual will be recruited to the breeding population influenced by the size of clutch in which it was raised, or by the total fecundity of its mother in the year it was hatched?
EVOLUTIONARY TREES FROM GENE FREQUENCIES AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS: FINDING MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES

A small but complex literature on the estimation of evolutionary trees from quantitative characters (including gene frequencies) has existed for over 15 years (Edwards and Cavalli-Sforza, 1964; Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards, 1967, 1970; Edwards, 1970; Kidd and Sgaramella-Zonta, 1971; Thompson, 1973; Felsenstein, 1973a; Thompson, 1975; Cavalli-Sforza and Piazza, 1975; Astolfi et al., 1978). In general its methods are little-known and even less used by those in possession of relevant gene frequencies or quantitative character data. Though this results in part from the complexity of the mathematics in these papers and in part from their concentration in human genetics journals, a major block to the use of these statistical methods has been the difficulty of the computations. Thompson (1975) has produced an iterative computer program which is probably the most efficient method of finding maximum likelihood evolutionary trees. Thompson's method is the strict application of maximum likelihood estimation in a situation in which each character added to the data brings with it one new parameter to be estimated. It is easily demonstrated that in this case, these "nuisance parameters" cause the estimation procedure to fail to be consistent: that is, the estimate will not converge to the true tree as more and more characters are added. My own procedure (Felsenstein, 1973a) makes a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimate, but eliminates the presence of the nuisance parameters and thereby makes a consistent estimate of the evolutionary tree. Some of the differences between these approaches will be briefly dealt with later in this paper. This paper introduces an iterative REML method which makes rapid computation of the REML estimate of the evolutionary tree feasible. It may also serve as a review of the basic logic of these estimates and tests for those readers unfamiliar with the existing human geneticsoriented literature.
White matter changes in patients with hypoxic amnesia

A deficit of declarative memory is a common sequela after a hypoxic episode. While the role of gray matter changes (i.e., atrophy of hippocampal formation) as mainly responsible for memory loss has been emphasized, the role of the white matter damage has so far been neglected. The present study was aimed at evaluating whether white matter damage, within the neural circuitry responsible for declarative memory functioning, is present in anoxic patients. We assessed, by means of voxel-based morphometry, the integrity of white matter regions in five patients with hypoxic amnesia. When anoxic patients were compared to healthy controls, significantly less white matter density was detected in the fornix, anterior portion of the cingulum bundle and uncinate fasciculus bilaterally. We conclude that cerebral hypoxia may alter, together with the hippocampi, the integrity of white matter fibers throughout the memory-limbic system.