Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of Bufo fowleri at its northern range limit

Many of the species that recolonized previously glaciated areas in the Great Lakes basin of North America over the past 10–12 000 years exhibit genetic evidence of multiple invasion routes and present‐day secondary contact between deeply divergent lineages. With this in mind, we investigated the phylogeographical structure of genetic variability in Fowler's toads (Bufo fowleri) at the northern edge of its distribution where its range encircles the Lake Erie basin. Because B. fowleri is so closely tied to habitats along the Lake Erie shoreline, we would expect to find clear evidence of the number of invasions leading to the species’ colonization of the northern shore. A 540 bp sequence from the mitochondrial control region was amplified and analysed for 158 individuals from 21 populations. Interpopulation sequence variation ranged from 0% to 6%. Phylogenetic analysis of p‐distance using the neighbor‐joining method revealed two deeply divergent (6% sequence divergence) mtDNA lineages (Phylogroup 1 and 2), possibly arising as a result of secondary contact of populations that entered the region from two separate glacial refugia. However, the phylogeographical pattern was not simple. The populations at Long Point, on the north shore of Lake Erie, clustered with the population from Indiana Dunes on Lake Michigan to form Phylogroup 2 whereas all other B. fowleri populations examined from both sides of Lake Erie constituted Phylogroup 1. Furthermore, mtDNA sequences from the related species Bufo americanus, obtained from populations outside the range of B. fowleri, clustered with mtDNA haplotypes of B. fowleri Phylogroup 1, indicating the possibility of partial introgression of mitochondria from one species to the other.
When Is Efficiency Separable from Distribution in the Provision of Club Goods?

Abstract Using the homogeneous of degree zero inverse congestion (“quality”) function employed most frequently in the literature, we characterise completely the families of utility functions which are then necessary and sufficient for break-even utilitarian welfare maximising provision of club goods with self-selection to be separable from distribution. Two types of separation—involving, alternatively (a) the price and quality; (b) the price, quality, facility size and total utilisation—are considered. When separation is possible, utility functions and optimal decisions take simple, intuitive forms. Our results extend the scope of separation results previously obtained only for pure public goods. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D62, H23, H40.
esponse of Lemna minor L . to short-term cobalt exposure : The effect n photosynthetic electron transport chain and induction of oxidative amage

The effect of two concentrations of cobalt (Co2+) on photosynthetic activity and antioxidative response in Lemna minor L. were assessed 24, 48 and 72 h after the start of the exposure. Higher concentration of cobalt (1 mM) induced growth inhibition while lower concentration (0.01 mM) increased photosynthetic pigments content. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients revealed high sensitivity of photosystem II primary photochemistry to excess of Co2+ especially at the higher concentration where decreased electron transport beyond primary quinone acceptor QA− and impaired function of oxygen evolving complex (OEC) was observed. Due to impairment of OEC, oxygen production was decreased
Effect of annealing temperature on properties of p-type conducting Al/SnO2/Al multilayer thin films deposited by sputtering

Keun-Young Park, Geun-Woo Kim, Yong-Jun Seo, Si-Nae Heo, Hang Ju Ko, Sung-Hun Lee, Tae Kwon Song and Bon Heun Koo* School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Chang Won, Korea Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic device center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, Korea Department of Material Processing, Advanced Thin Film Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam, Korea
Correlative Study of Interictal Electroencephalogram and Aura in Complex Partial Seizures

Summary: To understand fürther relationships of the interictal electroencephalogram to the aura in complex partial seizures (CPS), we studied the interictal EEG and aura in 144 patients with CPS. The ages of the patients studied ranged from 31 to 80 years (average 52.44 years). The duration of seizures ranged from 1 to 60 years (average 15.69 years). Seventy patients (49%) reported auras which were classified according to the guidelines recommended by the Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy. Statistical analysis revealed no relationship between presence, laterality, or localization of EEG abnormality and the number or type of aura. The results emphasize that more factors than electrophysiologic localization alone participate in the détérmination of aura in CPS. Our data support the position that aura has, at most, a limited relationship to lateralization or localization of interictal cerebral dysfunction in CPS.
Use of SLIC superpixels for ancient document image enhancement and segmentation

Designing reliable and fast segmentation algorithms of ancient documents has been a topic of major interest for many libraries and the prime issue of research in the document analysis community. Thus, we propose in this article a fast ancient document enhancement and segmentation algorithm based on using Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) superpixels and Gabor descriptors in a multi-scale approach. Firstly, in order to obtain enhanced backgrounds of noisy ancient documents, a novel foreground/background segmentation algorithm based on SLIC superpixels, is introduced. Once, the SLIC technique is carried out, the background and foreground superpixels are classified. Then, an enhanced and non-noisy background is achieved after processing the background superpixels. Subsequently, Gabor descriptors are only extracted from the selected foreground superpixels of the enhanced gray-level ancient book document images by adopting a multi-scale approach. Finally, for ancient document image segmentation, a foreground superpixel clustering task is performed by partitioning Gabor-based feature sets into compact and well-separated clusters in the feature space. The proposed algorithm does not assume any a priori information regarding document image content and structure and provides interesting results on a large corpus of ancient documents. Qualitative and numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the enhancement and segmentation quality.
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library ( AISeL ) All Sprouts Content Sprouts 4-10-2008 ' Invisible Whispering ' : Instant Messaging in Meetings

We use Goffmanâs characterization of "front" and "backstage" interaction practices to analyze how the use of instant messaging in both face-to-face and technology-mediated meetings alters the spatial, temporal, and social configurations of meetings. In an interview study of workers in two organizations, we found that workers used instant messaging during face-to-face meetings and telephone conference calls (1) to participate concurrently in "front" and "backstage" interactions, (2) to participate in multiple, concurrent, "backstage" conversations, and (3) to manage and influence front stage activities through concurrent backstage conversations. These interactions would be either physically impossible or socially constrained without the use of instant messaging. We draw on psychology, GSS, and communication studies to consider the implications for group work.
Antibody structure and engineering considerations for the design and function of Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs)

ABSTRACT Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging as effective tools in cancer therapy, combining the antibody's exquisite specificity for the target antigen-expressing cancer cell together with the cytotoxic potency of the payload. Much success stems from the rational design of “toxic warheads”, chemically linked to antibodies, and from fine-tuning the intricate properties of chemical linkers. Here, we focus on the antibody moiety of ADCs, dissecting the impact of Fab, linkers, isotype and Fc structure on the anti-tumoral and immune-activating functions of ADCs. Novel design approaches informed by antibody structural attributes present opportunities that may contribute to the success of next generation ADCs.
Propofol Withdrawal Syndrome in an Adult Patient with Thermal Injury

A 48‐year‐old man with a history of ethanol abuse and bipolar disease fell asleep while smoking in an intoxicated state. The patient received a 30% total body surface area burn involving his face and upper torso that resulted in an inhalation injury. Several attempts at weaning from mechanical ventilation failed due to his extreme agitation, which was unresponsive to benzodiazepines, opiates, and antipsychotic agents. Propofol therapy was begun in combination with valproic acid, fluoxetine, and risperidone to assist in the treatment of his severe agitation associated with the bipolar disease, inhibiting ventilatory weaning. Repeated attempts to discontinue propofol were associated with withdrawal symptoms such as severe agitation, tremors, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hyperpyrexia. His symptoms resolved only after each time the propofol infusion was restarted. The patient received propofol for 95 days for management of his agitation before dying from refractory septic shock and multiple organ failure.
Screening for Alzheimer's Disease by Clock Drawing

The fear of Alzheimer's disease for both patients and families is growing along with the increasing evidence of the disease itself. This study (N = 312) of the validity of the clock drawing test in screening patients with probable Alzheimer's disease was conducted in an active outpatient geriatric clinic. Clock drawings by patients with normal mental status or depression were essentially normal. Alzheimer's patients were unable to complete a normal clock and demonstrated five characteristically abnormal patterns. As a test for Alzheimer's disease, clock drawing had a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 92.7%. There was correct identification in 97.2% of normals. These findings indicate that the clock drawing test, an easily administered, low cost screening tool, can be useful to health care professionals in characterizing cognitive loss in a general geriatric clinic population.
Independent control of skin and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND Sympathetic excitation characterizes heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Abnormal baroreflex restraint of sympathetic neural outflow has been proposed, since baroreflexes are known to be abnormal in heart failure. The purpose of this study was to determine if sympathetic activation in humans with heart failure is limited to regions governed by the baroreflexes or is generalized to other regions free from baroreflex control. METHODS AND RESULTS We report the first direct recordings of skin sympathetic nerve activity (free from baroreflex control) in humans with heart failure and compare simultaneous skin and muscle (baroreflex-dependent) sympathetic peroneal nerve activity in six patients with severe heart failure (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 0.19 +/- 0.06) and in six age-matched normal control subjects. Although muscle sympathetic nerve activity was markedly increased in heart failure patients (heart failure versus controls, 69 +/- 3 versus 21 +/- 2 bursts per minute; P < .001), skin sympathetic nerve activity was not increased (heart failure versus controls, 12 +/- 1 versus 15 +/- 1 bursts per minute; P = NS). CONCLUSIONS The finding that skin sympathetic nerve activity in contrast to muscle sympathetic nerve activity is not increased in heart failure supports the concept that an altered reflex system, such as the baroreflexes, with nonuniform effects on muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity, underlies sympatho-excitation in heart failure.
Total respiratory compliance in infants and children.

Page 775 : J. T. Sharp, W T. S. Druz, R. C. Balagot, V. R. Bandelin, and J. Danon. “Total respiratory compliance in infants and children. ” In Fig. 7, upper left-hand corner, the equation should read: Ct20 = 3.95 x Ht2.35 x 10–4.
Suicide Ideation Among College Students: A Multivariate Analysis

The goal of this study was to develop a multi-dimensional model that might explain suicide ideation among college students. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,249 first-year college students. An estimated 6%wt of first-year students at this university had current suicide ideation. Depressive symptoms, low social support, affective dysregulation, and father-child conflict were each independently associated with suicide ideation. Only 40%wt of individuals with suicide ideation were classified as depressed according to standard criteria. In the group who reported low levels of depressive symptoms, low social support and affective dysregulation were important predictors of suicide ideation. Alcohol use disorder was also independently associated with suicide ideation, while parental conflict was not. Results highlight potential targets for early intervention among college students.
Coalition based Optimization of Resource Allocation with Malicious User Detection in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is an effective solution to the spectrum scarcity issue. Collaborative spectrum sensing is known as a promising technique to improve the performance of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). However, collaborative spectrum sensing is vulnerable to spectrum data falsification (SSDF) attack, where malicious users (MUs) may send false sensing data to mislead other secondary users (SUs) to make an incorrect decision about primary user (PUs) activity, which is one of the key adversaries to the performance of CRNs. In this paper, we propose a coalition based malicious users detection (CMD) algorithm to detect the malicious user in CRNs. The proposed CMD algorithm can efficiently detect MUs base on the Geary’C theory and be modeled as a coalition formation game. Specifically, SSDF attack is one of the key issues to affect the resource allocation process. Focusing on the security issues, in this paper, we analyze the power allocation problem with MUs, and propose MUs detection based power allocation (MPA) algorithm. The MPA algorithm is divided into two steps: the MUs detection step and the optimal power allocation step. Firstly, in the MUs detection step, by the CMD algorithm we can obtain the MUs detection probability and the energy consumption of MUs detection. Secondly, in the optimal power allocation step, we use the Lagrange dual decomposition method to obtain the optimal transmission power of each SU and achieve the maximum utility of the whole CRN. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed CMD and MPA scheme can achieve a considerable performance improvement in MUs detection and power allocation.
Icariin Is A PPARα Activator Inducing Lipid Metabolic Gene Expression in Mice

Icariin is effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. To understand the effect of icariin on lipid metabolism, effects of icariin on PPARα and its target genes were investigated. Mice were treated orally with icariin at doses of 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, or clofibrate (500 mg/kg) for five days. Liver total RNA was isolated and the expressions of PPARα and lipid metabolism genes were examined. PPARα and its marker genes Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 were induced 2-4 fold by icariin, and 4-8 fold by clofibrate. The fatty acid (FA) binding and co-activator proteins Fabp1, Fabp4 and Acsl1 were increased 2-fold. The mRNAs of mitochondrial FA β-oxidation enzymes (Cpt1a, Acat1, Acad1 and Hmgcs2) were increased 2-3 fold. The mRNAs of proximal β-oxidation enzymes (Acox1, Ech1, and Ehhadh) were also increased by icariin and clofibrate. The expression of mRNAs for sterol regulatory element-binding factor-1 (Srebf1) and FA synthetase (Fasn) were unaltered by icariin. The lipid lysis genes Lipe and Pnpla2 were increased by icariin and clofibrate. These results indicate that icariin is a novel PPARα agonist, activates lipid metabolism gene expressions in liver, which could be a basis for its lipid-lowering effects and its beneficial effects against diabetes.
Including the load balancing issue in the optimization of multi-way join queries for shared-nothing database computers

Dynamic load balancing issues in multiway join operations is discussed. In particular, four multiway join query optimizers have been implemented and a simulator developed to investigate the effect of skewed tuple distribution on these techniques. Dynamic load balancing is found to very critical to the performance of shared-nothing (SN) systems, particularly when the system is large. Since load balancing becomes more difficult for larger systems, one should exploit interjoin parallelism in order to limit the number of processing nodes used for each join operation. The skew issue must be considered during query optimization to achieve the best performance. The load balancing techniques proposed can easily be extended to support interquery parallelism in a multiuser environment. <<ETX>>
Arsenic trioxide mechanisms of action – looking beyond acute promyelocytic leukemia

The clinical results achieved with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have prompted investigations to determine the mechanisms mediating its activity. This ‘bedside to bench’ approach has shown that As2O3 has multiple targets. The interaction of As2O3 with sulphydryl groups on these targets seems to be a common mechanism of action. This is consistent with the anti-leukemic activity of arsenic being largely restricted to the trivalent form (arsenite) that binds sulphydryl groups with high affinity [1]. Through these interactions As2O3 may promote differentiation, inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. The relative impact on each of these inter-related cellular processes will depend on the cell type as well as the dose and duration of As2O3 treatment. Although APL cells are uniquely sensitive, there are important As2O3 targets relevant to other malignancies. In vitro studies in a broad spectrum of malignant cell lines have provided valuable insights and rationale for expanding the therapeutic use of As2O3. In this issue of Leukemia & Lymphoma, Coe and Schimmer investigate factors associated with As2O3 sensitivity in myeloid leukemic cell lines and how these may be targeted to enhance the cytotoxicity of As2O3 in acute myeloid leukemia other than APL [64].
A role for POR1, a Rac1‐interacting protein, in ARF6‐mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements

The ARF6 GTPase, the least conserved member of the ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) family, associates with the plasma membrane and intracellular endosome vesicles. Mutants of ARF6 defective in GTP binding and hydrolysis have a marked effect on endocytic trafficking and the gross morphology of the peripheral membrane system. Here we report that expression of the GTPase‐defective mutant of ARF6, ARF6(Q67L), remodels the actin cytoskeleton by inducing actin polymerization at the cell periphery. This cytoskeletal rearrangement was inhibited by co‐expression of ARF6(Q67L) with deletion mutants of POR1, a Rac1‐interacting protein involved in membrane ruffling, but not with the dominant‐negative mutant of Rac1, Rac1(S17N). A synergistic effect between POR1 and ARF6 for the induction of actin polymerization was detected. Furthermore, we observed that ARF6 interacts directly with POR1 and that this interaction was GTP dependent. These findings indicate that ARF6 and Rac1 function on distinct signaling pathways to mediate cytoskeletal reorganization, and suggest a role for POR1 as an important regulatory element in orchestrating cytoskeletal rearrangements at the cell periphery induced by ARF6 and Rac1.
Fsr-Independent Production of Protease(s) May Explain the Lack of Attenuation of an Enterococcus faecalis fsr Mutant Versus a gelE-sprE Mutant in Induction of Endocarditis

ABSTRACT An Enterococcus faecalis gelE insertion disruption mutant (TX5128), which produces neither gelatinase (GelE) nor the cotranscribed (in the wild type) serine protease (SprE), was found to be attenuated in a rat endocarditis model with a significant decrease in the endocarditis induction rate versus wild-type E. faecalis OG1RF (GelE+, SprE+). TX5266, which has a nonpolar deletion in fsrB and, like TX5128, is phenotypically GelE− under usual conditions, was also studied; fsrB is a homologue of agrB of staphylococci and participates in regulation of gelE-sprE expression. Unexpectedly, TX5266 approximated wild-type OG1RF in the endocarditis model and was significantly less attenuated than TX5128. This is in contrast to other models which have found fsr mutants to be as or more attenuated than TX5128. Further study found that the fsrB mutant produced very low levels of gelatinase activity after prolonged incubation in vitro versus no gelatinase activity with TX5128 and did not show the extensive chaining characteristic of TX5128. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed that gelE was expressed in TX5266 at a very low level versus wild-type OG1RF and was not expressed at all in TX5128. Possible explanations for the increased induction of endocarditis by TX5266 versus TX5128 include the production of low levels of protease(s) or some other effect(s) of the inactivation of the E. faecalis fsr regulator. The equivalent ability of OG1RF and its fsr mutant to initiate endocarditis may explain why we did not find naturally occurring fsr mutants, which account for ca. 35% of E. faecalis isolates, unrepresented in endocarditis versus fecal isolates (J. C. Roberts, K. V. Singh, P. C. Okhuysen, and B. E. Murray, J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:2317-2320, 2004).