Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical investigation of nonlinear interactions between Voltage Source Converters interconnected to a transmission grid

The increase of renewable energy sources and HVDC links lead to power systems composed of a large number of interconnected Voltage Source Converters, involving predominant nonlinear oscillations. The strong coupling effect in the severely stressed system obscures the characteristics of the nonlinear dynamics. To tackle this problem, a proposed Nonlinear Mode method based on Normal Form theory makes possible to decompose the system modeled by N coupled nonlinear damped oscillators into a sum of decoupled nonlinear damped oscillators, keeping the physical meaning along with reducing the complexity of the problem. Mode decomposition and amplitude-dependent frequency-shift are then extracted, rendering a deeper insight of the system dynamics possible. The efficiency of the method is illustrated by a simple but didactic case-study.
Imported Leptospira licerasiae Infection in Traveler Returning to Japan from Brazil

We describe a case of intermediate leptospirosis resulting from Leptospira licerasiae infection in a traveler returning to Japan from Brazil. Intermediate leptospirosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for travelers with fever returning from South America. This case highlights the need for strategies that detect pathogenic and intermediate Leptospira species.
Elevated hepatocyte levels of the Forkhead box A2 (HNF‐3β) transcription factor cause postnatal steatosis and mitochondrial damage

The Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factor Foxa2 (HNF‐3β) and related family members Foxa1 (HNF‐3α) and Foxa3 (HNF‐3γ) act in concert with other hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) to coordinately regulate liver‐specific gene expression. To circumvent the hepatic functional redundancy of the Foxa proteins, we used the T‐77 transgenic (TG) mouse line in which the −3‐kb transthyretin (TTR) promoter functioned to increase hepatocyte expression of the Foxa2 cDNA. Adult TG mice exhibited reduced hepatic glycogen and progressive liver injury, but maintained normal serum levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon. In this study, we further characterized the postnatal liver defect in TTR‐FoxA2 TG mice. The postnatal TG mice displayed significant reduction in serum glucose levels and in hepatocyte glycogen storage without increased serum levels of ketone bodies and free fatty acid suggesting that they are not undergoing a starvation response. We show that TG liver developed a substantial transient steatosis, which reached a maximum at postnatal day 5 and is associated with increased expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, lipid β‐oxidation, and amino acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis of postnatal TG liver revealed extensive mitochondrial membrane damage, which is likely due to reactive oxygen species generated from lipid β‐oxidation. In conclusion, our model proposes that in response to reduction in hepatocyte glycogen storage, the TTR‐Foxa2 TG mice survive by maintaining sufficient serum levels of glucose through gluconeogenesis using deaminated amino acids with dicarboxylate products of peroxisomal lipid β‐oxidation shuttled through the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Do Breast Cancer Risk Factors Affect the Survival of Breast Cancer Patients in Southern Sri Lanka?

Background: Breast cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity among women in Sri Lanka. Possible effects of etiological risk factors on breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) of the disease is not clear. This study was designed to explore the impact of breast cancer risk factors on the BCSS of patients in Southern Sri Lanka. Method: This retro-prospective study included all breast cancer patients who had sought immunohistochemistry services at our unit from May 2006 to December 2012. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on risk factors. BCSS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier model. Univariate Cox-regression analysis was performed with 95% confidence intervals using the SPSS statistical package. Results: A total of 944 breast cancer patients were included. Five year BCSS was 78.8%. There was a statistically significant difference between the patients who had a family history of breast cancer and no family history of any cancer in terms of the presence/absence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.011) and pathological stage (p=0.042). The majority of the premenopausal patients had associated DCIS (p<0.001) and large tumours (p=0.015) with positive lymph nodes (p=0.016). There was no statistically significant association between hormone receptor subtypes and hormone related risk factors. Univariate analysis revealed that breast cancer risk factors had no significant effect on the BCSS. Conclusion: Even though family history of breast cancer and premenopausal status are associated with poor prognostic features, they, in line with the other breast cancer risk factors, appear to have no significant effect on the BCSS of patients in Southern Sri Lanka.
Vibrating RF MEMS for Timing and Frequency References

This paper presents recent progresses on making vibrating RF MEMS oscillators for timing and frequency reference applications. Starting from the performance requirements of an oscillator in various systems, the key aspects of MEMS oscillators, including resonator design, oscillator performances, temperature compensation, packaging and integrations, are reviewed. Future directions of the research are also suggested at the end of the paper
Constrained EM-based modeling of passive components

An adaptive algorithm is developed for constrained modeling of general passive components. The algorithm builds compact, multidimensional, analytical circuit models and represents the scattering parameters of the passive components as a function of its geometrical parameters and as a function of the frequency. Multiple constraints, or relationships between the geometrical parameters, may exist. The model generation algorithm combines iterative sampling and modeling techniques. It groups a number of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations in one multidimensional analytic model. The modeling accuracy level is user-defined. The analytical circuit models can easily be implemented and used in commercial circuit simulators. The models provide EM-accuracy and generality at traditional circuit simulation speed.
A MULTILEVEL CONVERTER WITH REDUCED NUMBER OF SWITCHES FOR FUEL CELL POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM

This study investigates the potentials of cascaded five and seven level converters with reduced number of switches for fuel cell power conditioning system. F uel cells is one of the most important sources of distributed energy because of its high efficiency, high energy density, plus high reliability and long life due to few moving parts. This study proposes a suitable multilevel converter with less number switches tha t fulfills the required performance specifications of a fuel cell power conditioning system. The dc-dc a nd dcac converters are required to produce constant magn itude and frequency voltage from fuel cells. Howeve r Switching losses in these converters reduce overall efficiency of the system. To improve the efficienc y and to use in medium and high power applications, the multilevel converter with reduced number of switches is connected as dc-ac converter. To synthesize maximum levels at the output voltage, the proposed topolog y is optimized for various objectives, such as the minim ization of the number of switches, gate driver circ uits and capacitors and blocking voltage on switches. Th e operation and performance of the proposed multile vel converter have been evaluated by MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Considerations for new dual-acting bronchodilator treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Current guidelines recommend treatment with one or more bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Combination therapy with long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) should be recommended in patients who are not fully controlled with one of them. In this article, two closely related approaches to provide long-acting treatments are compared: the LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combination therapy, and the dual-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist and β2-adrenoceptor agonist (MABA). The author in that study concludes that both approaches have been shown to provide clinically enhanced bronchodilator activity that is superior to that offered by current standard treatment. LAMA/LABA fixed-dose combinations are expected to become a new standard in the treatment of COPD. It is important to know the characteristics of the different LAMA or LABA, the inhalation device and the duration of action, because diversity can help to personalize the treatment. Dose-finding studies are required. It is also required to investigate the existence of pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetic interactions between the components as well as the safety profile. MABA represent an alternative to these combinations, but there is little clinical data yet reported. They have the potential to act as a useful platform for the development of triple therapy in one inhaler.
Overview of the power transformer park and diagnostic methods in Latvia

Reliability of a power system depends on its equipment. As power transformers are essential elements in substations, reliability of power transmission system largely depends on their operating and technical conditions. Therefore complicated maintenance strategies are applied including various diagnostic methods and a thorough evaluation of the acquired results. Although diagnostic tests aid the evaluation of the technical condition, the risk assessment of a particular transformer is the next step in order to ensure certain reliability level. The risk assessment approach applicable for transformers in power transmission system in Latvia is proposed in this paper.
Evaluation of novel decellularizing corneal stroma for cornea tissue engineering applications.

AIM To develop a new decellularization method depended upon the natural corneal structure and to harvest an ideal scaffold with good biocompatibilities for corneal reconstruction. METHODS The acellular cornea matrix (ACM) were prepared from de-epithelium fresh porcine corneas (DFPCs) by incubation with 100% fresh human sera and additional electrophoresis at 4°C. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs) were used for the cytotoxicity tests of ACM. ACM were implanted into the Enhanced Green Fluorecence Protein (eGFP) transgenic mouse anterior chamber for evaluation of histocompatibility. RESULTS HE and GSIB4 results showed fresh porcine cornea matrix with 100% human sera and electrophoresis could entirely decellularize stromal cell without reducing its transparency. ACM had no cytotoxic effect ex vivo. Animal test showed there was no rejection for one month after surgery. CONCLUSION These results provide a decellularizing approach for the study of corneal tissue engineering and had the broader implications for the field of biological tissue engineering in other engineered organ or tissue matrix.
Effect of milk yield on relationship between bulk milk somatic cell count and prevalence of mastitis.

The possible dilution effect of increasing milk yield on bulk milk SCC was studied in a field trial. Data on breed distribution, numbers of cows, average milk yields, average bulk milk SCC, and estimated prevalences of mastitis were available for 15,514 Swedish dairy herds. The overall mean of herd prevalence of mastitis, as estimated by the definition employed, was 26.7%, and the overall mean of the geometric average of bulk milk SCC was 204,000 cells/ml. Correlations between prevalence of mastitis and average bulk milk SCC ranged between . 53 and . 77, and geometric averages were only marginally more correlated to prevalence of mastitis than were arithmetic averages. The average herd prevalence of mastitis was found to increase, within bulk milk SCC level, as milk production increased. The regression coefficients of average milk yield on bulk milk SCC, estimated conditionally on mastitis prevalence, show that the bulk milk SCC decreased by 11.1% for each increase in the milk yield of 1000 kg of FCM. This implies that part of the decrease in average bulk milk SCC achieved during recent years may be an artifact due to the concurrent increase in milk production.
Word representation using a deep neural network

A growth in the number of applications that make use of cognitive computing has increased the need for algorithms that can parse and understand natural language. Most modern systems rely on machine learning algorithms that take a large corpus of text as input and identify features of the language in the input data. Deep learning is a recently-developed type of machine learning that uses a network with several layers (a deep network) to identify and process features in a given data set automatically. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning neural network model called the Character-Morphology-Word network (CMW), to solve the word embedding problem. We implemented our CMW model and trained it on the Wikipedia corpus. We compared our model against two past approaches in a number of word-embedding tasks and found that, while the average performance of our model is not as good as the past approaches, our model achieves comparable precision and, in one task, our model outperforms these approaches. We also used our model to generate random text and found that our model produces words in the vocabulary and can produce lexical-correct text. The results of our research indicate that a deeper neural network architecture can be used to represent words and ultimately, help solve related Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks.
The Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation (SPEAR) Mission

The evolution of hot interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies is fundamental to the evolution of our cosmos. The Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation (SPEAR) mission will study the hot ISM, providing pointed observations and the first all-sky spectral maps in the Far (FUV) Ultraviolet. The FUV bandpass contains the primary cooling lines of abundant elements in a variety of ionization states. SPEAR's broad bandpass (λλ 900 - 1750 Å), spectral resolution (λ/δλ ~ 700) and imaging resolution (5' - 10') has been chosen to determine independently the quantity, temperature, depletion, and ionization of hot galactic gas. These SPEAR data will allow us to study the hot ISM on both large and small scales and to discriminate among models of the large-scale creation, distribution, and evolution of hot gas in the Galactic disk and halo.
Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism.

CONTEXT Patients with hypertension have a high prevalence of concurrent metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Clustering of these cardiovascular risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome, causes a more pronounced target organ damage. Aldosterone excess has been found to be associated with glucose disorders and may contribute to cardiovascular damage. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in a group of patients with hypertension due to primary aldosteronism compared with patients with essential hypertension. METHODS The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition of the metabolic syndrome was used. Eighty-five patients with primary aldosteronism and 381 patients with essential hypertension were studied. Most patients were not receiving antihypertensive therapy during the investigation. RESULTS Blood glucose and systolic blood pressure were higher (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and duration of hypertension was longer (P < 0.05) in primary aldosteronism than in essential hypertension. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in primary aldosteronism than in essential hypertension (41.1% vs. 29.6%; P < 0.05). Distribution of single components of the metabolic syndrome other than hypertension showed a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia in primary aldosteronism than in essential hypertension (27.0% vs. 15.2%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm a negative effect of aldosterone excess on glucose metabolism and suggest that the recently reported higher rates of cardiovascular events in primary aldosteronism than in essential hypertension might be due to increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the former condition.
Pediatric siMS score: A new, simple and accurate continuous metabolic syndrome score for everyday use in pediatrics

Background The dichotomous nature of the current definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) in youth results in loss of information. On the other hand, the calculation of continuous MS scores using standardized residuals in linear regression (Z scores) or factor scores of principal component analysis (PCA) is highly impractical for clinical use. Recently, a novel, easily calculated continuous MS score called siMS score was developed based on the IDF MS criteria for the adult population. Objective To develop a Pediatric siMS score (PsiMS), a modified continuous MS score for use in the obese youth, based on the original siMS score, while keeping the score as simple as possible and retaining high correlation with more complex scores. Subjects and methods The database consisted of clinical data on 153 obese (BMI ≥95th percentile) children and adolescents. Continuous MS scores were calculated using Z scores and PCA, as well as the original siMS score. Four variants of PsiMS score were developed in accordance with IDF criteria for MS in youth and correlation of these scores with PCA and Z score derived MS continuous scores was assessed. Results PsiMS score calculated using formula: (2xWaist/Height) + (Glucose(mmol/l)/5.6) + (triglycerides(mmol/l)/1.7) + (Systolic BP/130)—(HDL(mmol/l)/1.02) showed the highest correlation with most of the complex continuous scores (0.792–0.901). The original siMS score also showed high correlation with continuous MS scores. Conclusion PsiMS score represents a practical and accurate score for the evaluation of MS in the obese youth. The original siMS score should be used when evaluating large cohorts consisting of both adults and children.
Developing an accelerated life test method for LED driver and failure analysis

To study the failure mechanism of LED driver and predict the life of it, this paper analyzes the LED driver possible failure forms and the causes which make the driver fail. Three accelerated life model are introduced in this paper and how to get the parameter is discussed. LED diver high accelerated life testing platform is built to test the sample driver life and get the parameter in the accelerated life model. Three different application of constant temperature and humidity mixed environment test are used to stress the sample LED driver. The accelerated life model estimate parameter is obtained and the classical forms of LED driver is sudden appearance style. Finally the life of sample LED driver is estimated by the model introduced above.
Review of Particle Physics

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Vcb & Vub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl. gov. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.86. 010001 The 2012 edition of Review of Particle Physics is published for the Particle Data Group as article 010001 in volume 86 of Physical Review D. This edition should be cited as: J. Beringer et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 86, 010001 (2012). c ©2012 Regents of the University of California ∗The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, the Division of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE–AC02–05CH11231; by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Agreement No. PHY-0652989; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; and by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).
Activity of Monosaccharide Lipid A Analogues in Human Monocytic Cells as Agonists or Antagonists of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

ABSTRACT The lipid A portion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a central role in the production of endotoxic mediators. Different responses between human and murine macrophages to lipid A-like structures have been indicated. We investigated a series of structurally related monosaccharide lipid A analogues for their potency to activate human macrophage U937 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 compared with their potency to activate murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Two of the analogues were found to have sufficient potency to activate the human cells as well as the murine cells. These analogues comprise d-glucosamine, phosphoryl groups, and acyl groups of defined carbon chain lengths (C14 and C12) in a ratio of 1:1:3. This ratio of molecular constituents is proportional to that of the complete disaccharide structure of lipid A (2:2:6). Other analogues with two or four C14 acyl groups and with three acyl groups but including a C10 or a C16 acyl group, which are active to murine cells, showed no LPS-agonistic activity, but did show LPS-antagonistic activity, to human cells. An LPS-antagonistic analogue in the murine cells also showed antagonistic activity in human cells. These results reveal that lipid A analogues recognized as being LPS agonists by human macrophages have common structural features in monosaccharide and disaccharide structures which are more strict than those required for recognition by murine macrophages and that broad lipid A-like structures are recognized as being LPS antagonists by human cells but are recognized by murine cells as being either LPS agonists or antagonists.