Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The implementation of multi-GNSS real-time precise point positioning service system: GPS/GLONASS

With the development of precise point positioning (PPP) techniques, the real-time PPP service is also progressing. The realization of this real-time system can develop the market of PPP and it can also do some real-time researches, such as earthquake, etc. In addition, multi-GNSS can increase the number of satellites and also good constellation geometries. Therefore, it is beneficial to the positioning performance in terms of availability and reliability. This paper mainly introduces the structure of multi-GNSS real-time precise point positioning service system and the measures about how to build the platform. And it also discusses the differences between real-time PPP and post-processing PPP, and the differences between single-system and dual-system PPP. Certainly, it also briefly introduces the theories and methods of real-time satellite clock error and PPP computations. The experiments are carried out and the positioning achievement is analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the positioning precision and the convergence efficiency of dual-system are better than the GPS-only system. All 3D components of positions can reach centimeter-level accuracy.
Vacunas y vacunaciones: Responsabilidades individuales y colectivas

Vacunas y vacunaciones: Responsabilidades individuales y colectivas Resumen La eventual repercusion de la vacunacion sobre la salud colectiva supone que, ademas de un derecho, esta pueda considerarse un deber, de modo que resulta pertinente analizar las responsabilidades en las que pueden incurrir los individuos al rechazar, para ellos o para sus hijos, alguna vacuna. Como tambien lo es analizar las que corresponden a la sociedad y a las administraciones publicas al respecto. La eventual obligatoriedad de la vacunacion tiene ventajas e inconvenientes que conviene tener en cuenta de cara a las politicas sanitarias. Los programas oficiales de vacunacion deben respetar una serie de requisitos eticos. Palabras clave: Bioetica, Vacunacion, Responsabilidad personal, Responsabilidad institucional, Politicas publicas. Vaccines and Vaccination: Personal and Public Responsibility Abstract The possible repercussion of vaccination on collective health implies that, in addition to a right, it may be considered a duty, so that it is pertinent to analyze the responsibilities that individuals can incur by rejecting, for themselves or their children, any vaccine. As it is also to analyze those that correspond to the society and to the public administrations in this respect. Compulsory vaccination has advantages and disadvantages that should be taken into account in view of health policies. Official vaccination programs must comply with a number of ethical requirements. Keywords: Bioethics, Vaccination, Personal responsibility, Public responsibility, Public policies.
Activity‐dependent localization in spines of the F‐actin capping protein CapZ screened in a rat model of dementia

Actin reorganization in dendritic spines is hypothesized to underlie neuronal plasticity. Actin‐related proteins, therefore, might serve as useful markers of plastic changes in dendritic spines. Here, we utilized memory deficits induced by fimbria‐fornix transection (FFT) in rats as a dementia model to screen candidate memory‐associated molecules by using a two‐dimensional gel method. Comparison of protein profiles between the transected and control sides of hippocampi after unilateral FFT revealed a reduction in the F‐actin capping protein (CapZ) signal on the FFT side. Subsequent immunostaining of brain sections and cultured hippocampal neurons revealed that CapZ localized in dendritic spines and the signal intensity in each spine varied widely. The CapZ content decreased after suppression of neuronal firing by tetrodotoxin treatment in cultured neurons, indicating rapid and activity‐dependent regulation of CapZ accumulation in spines. To test input specificity of CapZ accumulation in vivo, we delivered high‐frequency stimuli to the medial perforant path unilaterally in awake rats. This path selectively inputs to the middle molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, where CapZ immunoreactivity increased. We conclude that activity‐dependent, synapse‐specific regulation of CapZ redistribution might be important in both maintenance and remodeling of synaptic connections in neurons receiving specific spatial and temporal patterns of inputs.
Symposium on Arrigo Opocher and Ian Steedman ([Opocher, a., 2015]), Full Industry Equilibrium. A Theory of the Industrial Long Run, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

After an editorial that motivates the symposium on the book by Arrigo Opocher and Ian Steedman, there are comments by five scholars (in alphabetical order). These deal with capital theoretic issues (Bellino), the labour demand curve (Bidard), the zero&#8208;excess&#8208;profit position in alternative theories of value (Fratini), the role of intermediate as opposed to final products in the setting of prices (Harcourt) and the role of time in the analysis (Yoshihara). Then follows a response by Opocher and Steedman.
Vasopeptidase Inhibition In A Canine Model Of Exercise‐Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction

1. The present study compared the acute efficacies of vasopeptidase inhibition with omapatrilat, nitroglycerin and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in exercise‐induced myocardial dysfunction. Omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, inhibits both neutral endopeptidase and ACE. Whereas vasopeptidase inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy in hypertension and heart failure, their effects in myocardial ischaemia remain unclear.
Genome differentiation of Drosophila melanogaster from a microclimate contrast in Evolution Canyon, Israel

Significance The microclimatic contrast between opposing slopes of “Evolution Canyon” (Mount Carmel, Israel) provides a natural laboratory for testing the effects of abiotic factors on biodiversity and population genetic differentiation in a geographical microscale. Drosophila melanogaster fruitflies originating from the opposite canyon slopes are subject to divergent selection leading to slope-specific adaptations, accompanied by incipient mating isolation, all in the face of pervasive demographic processes, including ongoing genetic exchange. We demonstrate that interslope genetic changes in this species accumulate in a number of chromosomal differentiation “islands” and that gene networks related to adaptive responses and reproductive processes are thus significantly affected. The opposite slopes of “Evolution Canyon” in Israel have served as a natural model system of adaptation to a microclimate contrast. Long-term studies of Drosophila melanogaster populations inhabiting the canyon have exhibited significant interslope divergence in thermal and drought stress resistance, candidate genes, mobile elements, habitat choice, mating discrimination, and wing-shape variation, all despite close physical proximity of the contrasting habitats, as well as substantial interslope migration. To examine patterns of genetic differentiation at the genome-wide level, we used high coverage sequencing of the flies’ genomes. A total of 572 genes were significantly different in allele frequency between the slopes, 106 out of which were associated with 74 significantly overrepresented gene ontology (GO) terms, particularly so with response to stimulus and developmental and reproductive processes, thus corroborating previous observations of interslope divergence in stress response, life history, and mating functions. There were at least 37 chromosomal “islands” of interslope divergence and low sequence polymorphism, plausible signatures of selective sweeps, more abundant in flies derived from one (north-facing) of the slopes. Positive correlation between local recombination rate and the level of nucleotide polymorphism was also found.
The potential of e-commerce credit evaluation model for sellers

E-commerce has a revolutionary social and economic impact since 1990s. However, considering its uncertainty, highly dynamic nature, virtual individual transactions and limitation of e-commerce technology and management of the development, it is very important for e-commerce to develop a secure and reliable credit rating system. Seller credit rating system is a systematic project, and there are many factors to be considered. Seller's online transaction record and trading results will affect buyer's decision on trade, but from the perspective of long-term cooperation, the seller's capabilities of development in the future and the level of credit potential are also important factors to be considered before trading with them. In this paper, the potential of seller's credit in e-commerce environment is evaluated with the improved BP neural network model. The model can produce the evaluation results accurately and effectively, and it can be put into application.
MIGRATION FLOWS FROM CENTRAL ASIA TO EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

The system of international relations is in constant change, where new challenges, problems, trends are emerging. In this context, the global migration is no exception. The central question of this study is that labor migrants from Central Asia are changing their traditional directions, where Russia is replaced by other European countries. Such a trend can not be short-term for a number of reasons, both internal and external. Globalization, which neutralizes the natural borders of states, contributes to the gradual growth of world migration. Moreover, the leading countries of Europe with a high level of economic development have always attracted foreigners who were in search of work and a better life. Among other reasons of this problem is the rapid demographic development of Central Asia, the interest of European countries in cheaper labor, but quite qualified. In addition, the economic crisis in Russia, the complication of migration policy, the weakening of the currency, as well as the dependence of the budget of the Central Asian countries from remittances from abroad, it provokes great interest in changing traditional migratory direction. The objective of the research is to investigate the phenomenon of gradual increase in the number of migrants from Central Asian countries to Europe and analyze causes and consequences of this phenomenon in the context of the current international situation. Summarizing the results of the research, the authors make the important conclusion that the number of migrants from Central Asia in the countries of the European Union is gradually increasing. In the next decades this phenomenon will also be relevant because of the high birth rate and relatively young middle age of citizens in the countries of Central Asia, the EU’s need for cheap and at the same time qualified labor, a low level of the Central Asian economy and the economic crisis in Russia.
Physically Active, Low-Income African American Women: An Exploration of Activity Maintenance in the Context of Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Inactivity

Increasing physical activity among low-income African American women is an important target for addressing racial and economic disparities in chronic conditions and related risk factors. While barriers to physical activity for women have been examined empirically, successful strategies for navigating those barriers among physically active, low-income women have not been thoroughly explored. Informed by grounded theory, we conducted in-depth individual interviews between 2007–2010 with 14 low-income African American women who were physically active at nationally recommended levels for one year or more. We analyzed the data using thematic analysis techniques. Key themes emerged in three main categories: motivation for maintaining active lifestyle, strategies for maintaining physical activity, and challenges to maintaining physical activity. Important motivations included getting or staying healthy, social connections, and gratification. Two planning strategies emerged: flexibility and freedom. Critical challenges included financial constraints, physical strain and history of sedentary relapse. The motivations, strategies and challenges reported by low-income African American women who successfully maintained an active lifestyle provided important information for developing effective health promotion strategies for their inactive and underactive counterparts. A qualitative, asset-based approach to physical activity research contributes rich data to bridge the gap between epidemiological knowledge and community health improvement.
The utility of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder screening instruments in individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders.

OBJECTIVE Several screening tools for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been validated in non-substance-abusing populations, but limited data are available regarding their utility in adults with current substance use disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 3 commonly used ADHD screening instruments in cocaine-dependent individuals. METHOD Adults seeking treatment for cocaine dependence (N = 102) were administered 3 self-report instruments between May 2009 and April 2011: the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS), the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-Version 1.1 (ASRS-V1.1). They then met with master's-level clinicians who administered the Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID). With the CAADID serving as the gold standard, the validity of the screening instruments was determined, both singly and in combination. RESULTS Twenty-five (25%) of the 102 patients met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD or ADHD not otherwise specified (NOS) based on the CAADID. Kappa scores determining agreement between the screening tools and the CAADID (with ADHD NOS labeled as ADHD or labeled as not ADHD) ranged from 0.37 to 0.69. Sensitivity scores for the broadest range of ADHD cases were 80.0%, 87.5%, and 60.9% for the CAARS, WURS, and ASRS-V1.1, respectively. Positive predictive value was highest for the CAARS, at 74.1%, and negative predictive value was highest for the WURS, at 95.1%. The highest sensitivity (96.0%) was found with coadministration of the WURS and CAARS. CONCLUSION While all of the screening instruments were found to have adequate sensitivity and specificity, the CAARS outperformed the other instruments in regard to agreement with the CAADID and positive predictive values. However, the WURS, with the highest sensitivity in regard to the broadest range of ADHD cases, may be the single best instrument for preliminary screening purposes. Further, because the ASRS-V1.1 is the simplest and shortest instrument to administer, it may have advantages when a large number of patients need to be screened.
The Effect of Implicit and Explicit Motivation on Recall among Old and Young Adults

Seventy-six elderly subjects aged sixty-five to eighty-seven and seventy-seven young adults aged twenty-five to forty were compared on implicit and explicit motive levels and on recall of introductions and working memory. Significantly fewer of the elderly than the young participants scored high in the implicit motives, n Affiliation and n Power, confirming results from U.S. national surveys. The surveys also demonstrated a significant decline with age in high levels of n Achievement, a decline not found here. The elderly participants showed major recall deficits on both tasks, but all three of the implicit motives studied were shown to enhance recall for the elderly, but not for the young adults. Eight elderly women scoring high on at least two of the three motives showed no recall deficits compared to the young women on two memory tasks. In old age implicit motive deficits contribute to poor memory but explicit commitments to have a good memory had no effect on recall.
PRINCIPAL’S TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE AMONG PUBLIC COUNTY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NYANDARUA COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: School performance is a global issue. There is a great need for the quality education all over the world. To achieve this, school leadership and teachers’ performance have been put to focus. In this quintessence, the study aimed at establishing the influence of the transformational leadership on the teachers’ performance in public county schools in Nyandarua County. Methodology: The study used both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The cross-sectional survey and the phenomenology design were used to collect the data. Stratified, simple random sampling was employed to select the schools while stratified and systematic random was used to select the teachers and the students. Academic deans, the principals of selected schools and Education County Director were automatically included. Data was collected using questionnaires, document analysis guide and interview guide. Qualitative and quantitative data were concurrently collected and analysed. Descriptive (frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, ANOVA) methods were used to analyse the quantitative data. Findings: The study upheld the non-maleficence, benefice and truthfulness as the research ethics requires. The study found that principal scored lowest in individualised consideration. The study concluded that teachers’ performance was important for the school perfomance and principals play key roles in the enhancement of teachers’ performance especially through challenging teachers by their actions. Unique contribution to the theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that principals should challenge teachers with their performance. The county should have induction training at school level for the newly emplored teachers.
The development of a multipurpose trap (the Nzi) for tsetse and other biting flies

Abstract New trap designs for tsetse (Glossinidae), stable flies (Muscidae: Stomoxyinae), and horse flies (Tabanidae) were tested in Kenya to develop a multipurpose trap for biting flies. Many configurations and colour/fabric combinations were compared to a simplified, blue-black triangular trap to identify features of design and materials that result in equitable catches. New designs were tested against conventional traps, with a focus on Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti, Stomoxys niger Macquart, and Atylotus agrestis (Wiedemann). A simple design based on minimal blue and black rectangular panels, for attraction and contrast, with a trap body consisting of an innovative configuration of netting, proved best. This ‘Nzi’ trap (Swahili for fly) caught as many or significantly more tsetse and biting flies than any conventional trap. The Nzi trap represents a major improvement for Stomoxyinae, including the cosmopolitan species S. calcitrans (Linnaeus), with up to eight times the catch for key African Stomoxys spp. relative to the best trap for this group (the Vavoua). Catches of many genera of Tabanidae, including species almost never caught in traps (Philoliche Wiedemann), are excellent, and are similar to those of larger traps designed for this purpose (the Canopy). Improvements in capturing biting flies were achieved without compromising efficiency for the savannah tsetse species G. pallidipes. Catches of fusca tsetse (G. longipennis and G. brevipalpis Newstead) were higher or were the same as catches in good traps for these species (NG2G, Siamese). Altogether, the objective of developing a simple, economical trap with harmonized efficiency was achieved.
Rising Cities: Continuity, Innovation and Deliberation of Vauban District of Freiburg, Germany

The future of the biosphere, indeed of humanity, will be determined in the cities of the 21st century. Urban centres are where the battle for sustainable development will be won or lost, and we find today an increasing number of cities and towns as hubs of innovation signalling the potential victory. Freiburg in Germany is one of them. As a national exemplar of sustainable urban planning, ideas developed in Freiburg have been used in countries around the world. This article will evaluate most specifically one of its districts, Quartier Vauban, developed using low carbon technologies for absolute energy efficiency, self-build and co-housing approaches, a state-of-the-art mobility system, and placing the needs of its citizens at the forefront of its planning activities. This article aims to investigate how sustainable development, despite its many interpretations, can be implemented in practice, at district level in a European context
The effectiveness and value for money of cash-based humanitarian assistance: a systematic review

ABSTRACT This review aimed to assess evidence on effectiveness and value for money of cash-based humanitarian assistance. We followed standard procedures for review of (quasi) experimental studies and adapted procedures for studies reporting costs, cost-effectiveness, cost–benefit or cost–utility of unconditional cash transfer, conditional cash transfer and voucher programmes in humanitarian settings. Of 4094 identified studies, only five met effectiveness review inclusion criteria. These five, plus five others, met cost review inclusion criteria. Although limited conclusions about comparative effectiveness and value for money can be drawn from this review, findings do provide important insights for consideration in design and evaluation of programmes in crisis-affected settings.
Treatment-related myelodysplasia and acute leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.

PURPOSE Standard therapies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are associated with an increased risk of developing treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia (tMDS/AML). However, there is considerable debate over the incidence or risk of tMDS/AML in NHL patients treated with any particular modality and the factors that contribute to malignant transformation. DESIGN Conclusions were based on thorough analysis of data reported in the peer-reviewed literature and careful examination of the statistical methodology and methods for identifying cases of tMDS/AML. Unless noted, data are reported only for NHL patients, excluding Hodgkin's disease patients. RESULTS Despite differences in methods used to identify cases and to estimate the cumulative incidence over time (actuarial v cumulative calculations), up to 10% of NHL patients treated with either conventional-dose chemotherapy or high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation may develop tMDS/AML within 10 years of primary therapy. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the actuarial incidence, which are based on censoring of patients who died without developing tMDS/AML, can lead to artificially high estimates with large confidence intervals at later time points. Although there is much debate about the cause(s) of tMDS/AML, there is compelling evidence that alkylating agents, certain other leukemogenic agents, and total-body irradiation (TBI) cause chromosomal damage that can lead to tMDS/AML. CONCLUSION Limiting exposure to alkylating agents and eliminating TBI from transplantation conditioning regimens may reduce the relative risk of tMDS/AML.