Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updating Empathy

A fresh reading of Alberta Szalita’s (1976) article “Some Thoughts on Empathy,” honoring Frieda Fromm-Reichmann and published nearly 40 years ago, raises several interesting points: First, for practitioners in the trenches, experiences of intuitive empathy in the clinician–patient relationship are no different today than they were then; nor for Martin Buber who described I-Thou relationships in the early 20th century (Cohn, 2001; Pembroke, 2010)—nor, for that matter, for clinicians from time immemorial, undoubtedly going back to the earliest clinician/shaman/priestpatient/client/supplicant relationships. Just as Szalita described them, quoting Edith Weigert (1962), empathic experiences still consist of “[i]maginatively placing oneself in the shoes of another person in such a way as permits sympathetic understanding of his mental life” and, in so doing, “[o]ne can, however, empathize without necessarily experiencing sympathy for the other person,” in that empathy refers to understanding rather than “siding with. ” Szalita’s own dictum—“It is good to be able to put yourself into someone else’s shoes, but you have to remember that you don’t wear them”— captures this well. Second, the explanatory frameworks for understanding empathic relationships available to Szalita were far less well developed than those available to us today. In the face of meager understandings of seemingly instantaneous transmissions between empathically connected parties, some of Szalita’s contemporaries viewed empathy as mystical and mused about extrasensory telepathic phenomena to account for the mysteries of emotional contagion and the empathic connection. That was then, and this is now. In this commentary I briefly review some of the gains made in recent decades that advance our understanding of the psychological and biological mechanisms that underlie experiences of empathy, describe how current attempts of operationalizing and conceptualizing empathy are being used to study clinician–patient encounters, and describe some of the ongoing questions deserving of future research for psychotherapy education and practice. How far have we come since Szalita’s time? Several significant research thrusts have expanded our conceptual toolbox regarding empathy. First, evolutionary and cross-species understanding: To account for why big brains and complex thinking emerged, the field of evolutionary biology has generated hypotheses showing the adaptive value of being able to read another person’s mind, or having a “theory of mind. ” Reduced to basics, the idea is that primates living in social groups needed bigger brains to figure out and anticipate what their peers were thinking, so that they wouldn’t be fooled or tricked into losing resources, and
Factors Related to Physicians’ Adoption of Electronic Prescribing: Results From a National Survey

Electronic prescribing (E-RX) is a component of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA). The objective of this study was to identify factors related to physicians’ adoption of E-RX for outpatients. This study employed an electronic survey of US physicians who subscribe to the Physicians Online Internet service. Electronic prescribers were compared to traditional prescribers in terms of demographics, practice type and location, technology use, and beliefs about E-RX. A total of 1104 physicians responded, 19% of whom prescribed electronically. Electronic prescribers were more likely to be generalists practicing in academic or publicly funded centers, have fewer years in practice, and work in technology-equipped offices. They also held different beliefs versus traditional prescribers in terms of E-RX limitations and its potential to improve medication safety and prescribing efficiency. In addition to financial incentives established by MMA, adoption can be stimulated by improvements in the technology and on organizational commitment.
Measured impact of electromagnetic scattering off wind turbines on broadcast signal propagation

The electromagnetic scattering pattern of a wind turbine at DVB-T and DAB frequencies was studied by measurement on a scaled laboratory model, taking into account different yaw and pitch angles, and blade positions. The scattered energy peaks along backward directions, where it is stronger for vertical than for horizontal polarization, and is dominated by the mast. The variation of the yaw angle has greater effect compared to blade and pitch variations. Illuminating the wind turbine from the back results in stronger scattering compared to the front side due to the aerodynamic cross-sectional shape of the blades. The scattering becomes stronger for increasing electrical size of the wind turbine. The experimental approach proves reliable and helpful for the development of propagation models.
Topologically associating domains and chromatin loops depend on cohesin and are regulated by CTCF, WAPL, and PDS5 proteins

Mammalian genomes are spatially organized into compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and loops to facilitate gene regulation and other chromosomal functions. How compartments, TADs, and loops are generated is unknown. It has been proposed that cohesin forms TADs and loops by extruding chromatin loops until it encounters CTCF, but direct evidence for this hypothesis is missing. Here, we show that cohesin suppresses compartments but is required for TADs and loops, that CTCF defines their boundaries, and that the cohesin unloading factor WAPL and its PDS5 binding partners control the length of loops. In the absence of WAPL and PDS5 proteins, cohesin forms extended loops, presumably by passing CTCF sites, accumulates in axial chromosomal positions (vermicelli), and condenses chromosomes. Unexpectedly, PDS5 proteins are also required for boundary function. These results show that cohesin has an essential genome‐wide function in mediating long‐range chromatin interactions and support the hypothesis that cohesin creates these by loop extrusion, until it is delayed by CTCF in a manner dependent on PDS5 proteins, or until it is released from DNA by WAPL.
Peak Torque and Rotational Stiffness Developed at the Shoe-Surface Interface

Background Shoe-surface interactions have been implicated in the high number of noncontact knee injuries suffered by athletes at all levels. Purpose To examine shoe-surface interactions on newer field designs and compare these with more traditional shoe-surface combinations. The peak torque and rotational stiffness (the rate at which torque is developed under rotation) were determined. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A device was constructed to measure the torque versus applied rotation developed between different shoe-surface combinations. Data were collected on 5 different playing surfaces (natural grass, Astroturf, 2 types of Astroplay, and FieldTurf), using 2 types of shoes (grass and turf), under a compressive load of 333 N. Results The highest peak torques were developed by the grass shoe–FieldTurf tray and the turf shoe–Astroturf field combinations. The lowest peak torques were developed on the grass field. The turf shoe–Astroturf combination exhibited a rotational stiffness nearly double that of any other shoe-surface combinations. Conclusion The differences in the rotational stiffness across all 10 shoe-surface combinations were greater than those of the peak torques. It is possible that rotational stiffness may provide a new criterion for the evaluation of shoe-surface interface. Clinical Relevance An improved understanding of shoe-surface interactions remains a critical need to improve the design of shoe-surface combinations with the goal of meeting player needs while minimizing injury potential.
Correlation between Levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulphate and Prolactin in Human Breast Cyst Fluid

Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), cortisol (F), aldosterone (A) and prolactin (PRL) were measured in 70 samples of breast cyst fluid (BCF) obtained by needle aspiration from patients having gross cystic disease of the breast. DHAS concentrations in our series of BCF were scattered over a broad range, up to values 200-fold higher than in plasma, with ample interindividual variability; Cortisol was present in BCF in very small amounts. Aldosterone and PRL values were in the same order of plasma levels; moreover, a significant correlation was found between DHAS and PRL concentrations in BCF.
Heparan Sulfate 3-O-Sulfotransferase Isoform 5 Generates Both an Antithrombin-binding Site and an Entry Receptor for Herpes Simplex Virus, Type 1*

Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase transfers sulfate to the 3-OH position of a glucosamine residue of heparan sulfate (HS) to form 3-O-sulfated HS. The 3-O-sulfated glucosamine residue contributes to two important biological functions of HS: binding to antithrombin and thereby carrying anticoagulant activity, and binding to herpes simplex viral envelope glycoprotein D to serve as an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus 1. A total of five HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms were reported previously. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform, designated as HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5 (3-OST-5). 3-OST-5 cDNA was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library and expressed in COS-7 cells. The disaccharide analysis of 3-OST-5-modified HS revealed that 3-OST-5 generated at least three 3-O-sulfated disaccharides as follows: IdoUA2S-AnMan3S, GlcUA-AnMan3S6S, and IdoUA2S-AnMan3S6S. Transfection of the plasmid expressing 3-OST-5 rendered wild type Chinese hamster ovary cells susceptible to the infection by herpes simplex virus 1, suggesting that 3-OST-5-modified HS serves as an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus 1. In addition, 3-OST-5-modified HS bound to herpes simplex viral envelope protein glycoprotein D. Furthermore, we found that 3-OST-5-modified HS also bound to antithrombin, suggesting that 3-OST-5 also produces anticoagulant HS. In summary, our results indicate that a new member of 3-OST family generates both anticoagulant HS and an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus 1. These results provide a new insight regarding the mechanism for the biosynthesis of biologically active HS.
Expression of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins in polarized epithelial cells

Members of the herpesvirus family mature at inner nuclear membranes, although a fraction of the viral glycoproteins is expressed on the cell surface. In this study, we investigated the localization of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoproteins in virus-infected epithelial cells by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against each of the major viral glycoproteins. All of the HSV-2 glycoproteins were localized exclusively on the basolateral membranes of Vero C1008, Madin-Darby bovine kidney, and mouse mammary epithelial cells. Using a monoclonal antibody to HSV-2 gD which cross-reacts with HSV-1 strains, we could also localize HSV-1 gD on the basolateral membranes of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. These results indicate that these molecules contain putative sorting signals that direct them to basolateral membrane domains.
A design method of closed ioop resonator filter to reduce size and adjust pole

This paper presents a new design method of closed loop resonator filter by using multiple sub-networks that connects transmission line to capacitor in parallel. This method gives an advantage to reduce the size of closed loop resonator without changing permittivity of printed circuit board (PCB) or resonance characteristics. The value of parallel capacitor is used as a design factor to reduce the size of closed loop resonator. Also, this paper introduces the method of positioning attenuation pole at desired frequency by adjusting impedance ratio between sub-networks. This paper presents the implementation of 2 pole closed loop resonator filter that using the same impedance, 50 ohms, between sub-networks. The filter has 70 % reduction in size by adding parallel Cp=1 pF to the designed close loop filter. Also, the 2 pole closed loop resonator filter was designed by the use of 50 ohms and 54.6 ohms that is impedance between sub-networks, respectively in order to put the attenuation pole at 1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz.
Ileal, colonic and total tract nutrient digestibility in dogs (Canis familiaris) compared with total tract digestibility in mink (Neovison vison)

Mink (Neovison vison) was studied as a model for the determination of ileal crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibility in dogs (Canis familiaris). Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent colonic digestibility (ACD) in dogs and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in dogs and mink were measured for dry matter (DM), main nutrients and AA. Standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in dogs was calculated. Twelve dogs and 12 mink divided into three groups were fed one out of three diets differing in CP digestibility. In dogs, AID of CP was lower (74.4%) than ATTD (83.5%) (p < 0.001). The ATTD of CP in mink (77.8%) did not differ from AID, ACD (78.5%) and SID (79.6%) in dogs. Digestibility of AA followed the same pattern, and, except for Thr and Ser, ATTD in mink was very close to SID in dogs. Also, AID was close to ATTD in mink for several AA. High correlations were found between methods for digestibility of CP and most AA (p < 0.01) and for AA ranking with respect to digestibility level (p < 0.001). In dogs, ether extract digestibility was approximately 96% at all sites, while DM, starch and total carbohydrate digestibility increased from ileal to faecal level (p < 0.01). Mink ATTD of DM and main nutrients was closest to ACD in dogs. It was concluded that mink is a suitable model for the determination of AID and SID of CP and AA in dogs.
Flow visualization with surface particles

A technique for rendering particles in general, and surface particles in particular, is presented. This technique incorporates an improved shading model, the use of Gaussian filters to prevent spatial and temporal artifacts, and an efficient scan-conversion algorithm. The steps of the rendering are described: shading, filtering, scan conversion, and occlusion. Ways in which the process may be varied to further improve the results and widen the range of applications are discussed. >
Investigation for Causes of Poor Power Quality in Grid Connected Wind Energy - A Review

This topic represents a technical review of Power Quality problems associated with the Renewable based wind energy system and the investigation of causes of poor power quality issues related with grid connected wind farm. Renewable Energy Source (RES) integrated at distribution level is termed as Distributed Generation(DG). The utility is concerned due to the high penetration level of wind energy in distribution systems, as it may pose a threat to network is terms of Power Quality(PQ) issues , voltage regulation and stability. Therefore the DG systems are required to comply with strict technical and regularity frameworks to ensure safe, reliable and efficient operation of overall network. Wind energy system integration issues and associated PQ problems are discussed. Integrating renewable into grids to any considerable degree can expose the system to issues that need attention lest the functionality of the grid be impaired. such issues can be voltage function, frequency deviation of power Quality.
Molecular identities of human sperm proteins reactive with antibodies in sera of immunoinfertile women

Antisperm antibodies (ASA) can cause infertility in both men and women. It is important to delineate the sperm antigens against which these ASA are directed. Sperm proteins were separated by 2D gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and incubated with sera from fertile women or immunoinfertile women having ASA. The corresponding immunoreactive peptide spots were cored from the gel and analyzed by the two‐dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis/matrix‐assisted laser desoprtion ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS/LC‐MS). A total of 68 spots belonging to 38 different proteins and their isomers were identified. Fourteen of these proteins and their isomers reacted with both the fertile and immunoinfertile sera. Twenty‐four of these proteins reacted specifically only with the immunoinfertile sera and not with the fertile sera. Among them was a novel protein designated as a hypothetical protein FLJ32704 (accession # Q96MA6). An immunodominant sequence (amino acid 151‐159) of this protein was identified and a nonamer peptide based upon this sequence (IQTLG1TPR) was synthesized and examined for its immunoreactivity. This synthetic peptide reacted with 90% (36/40) of immunoinfertile sera and not with any of the fertile sera (0/40) in the enzyme‐linked immnosorbent assay (ELISA). In conclusion, using the 2D gel electrophoresis/MALDI‐TOF‐MS/LC‐MS procedure, we have identified several known and at least one novel antigen against which the antibodies are present in sera of immunoinfertile but not fertile women. Some of these antigens may find applications in specific diagonsis and treatment of infertility/immunoinfertility, and in the development of new generation of contraceptive modalities including contraceptive vaccines. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skinfolds versus Bioimpedance Analysis for Predicting Fat‐free Mass

Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and measurement of skinfold thickness (SF) are both noninvasive, inexpensive methods of assessing body composition that can be performed outside a laboratory setting. Both methods have undergone extensive testing aimed at evaluating their validity for predicting various aspects of body composition. BIA has been shown to provide a reliable approximation of total body water and fat-free mass (FFM),3,5 whereas SF gives a reliable approximation of percent body fat, in the same population.4 The aim of this study was to develop multiple regression prediction equations for FFM, comparing BIA and SF as independent variables in four ethnic groups. From the developed models, we compared predictions of the two for FFM.
Effects of Cow Comfort on Milk Quality, Productivity, and Behavior

Overstocking of free stall barns, defined as housing more cows within a pen than the available number of stalls and (or) providing less than the recommended 0.6 m (23 in) of linear feeding space per cow (Grant and Albright, 2001), is a practice commonly employed by dairy producers to expand herd size without increasing the facility investment (Bewley et al., 2001). The shortand long-term effects of this practice on dairy cow behavior, productivity, and health are not fully understood. However, third-party auditing organizations such as Humane Farm Animal Care (www.certifiedhumane.org) currently require that member farms limit the number of cows within a pen to a number less than or equal to the number of free stalls. The current draft of the Dairy Well-Being Initiative (www.dairywellbeing.org), which represents the dairy industry consensus on animal welfare, contains language that would require adequate resting space to be available for all animals housed within a pen. The basis for these recommendations is the recognition that health, productivity, and welfare of dairy cows relies on their ability to meet their behavioral needs each day.
Malignant disease in pregnancy

Abstract Cancers in pregnancy are uncommon but do occur with an average frequency of 1 in 1,000 births. This gives rise to opposing emotional reactions in these women: they are happy they are pregnant, but usually devastated when they hear they have cancer. The major reasons for suspecting that pregnancy adversely affects the clinical course of cancer is the immunologic tolerance that characterizes both conditions. It has been pointed out that normal pregnancy and cancer are the only two biologic conditions in which the antigenic tissues is tolerated by a seemingly intact system. It may be stated that the mechanisms that insure the survival of fetus during pregnancy presumably also favors the progress of the neoplasia. Management requires individualization with careful thought as whether termination is necessary or whether continuing with the pregnancy is possible prior to definitive treatment. The physician's aim must be to cure the cancer and deliver live, healthy infants. This is one question when a joint decision is probably best reached among the obstetrician, surgical and medical oncologists and other disciplines. The life-threatening cancer should be managed both for the diagnosis and treatment as in the non-pregnant state. An early small cancer gives a better prognosis than an advanced cancer. The same holds for the non-pregnant patient. The survival in the non-pregnant patient stage for stage is the same as for the pregnant patient. However, all too often in the pregnant state the cancer is more advanced than in the non-pregnant patient. The disease must be evaluated and treated in full light of its exact location in conjunction with an understanding of the natural history within the context of the pregnancy with the potentially viable unborn infant. Concern that maternal cancer may metastasize to the fetus is not justified from a review of the accumulated literature. Infrequency of fetal involvement has led to speculation about biologic protective mechanisms that may exist for the placenta and the fetus and the role circulatory separation in the placenta and immunologic responses of the fetus may play. The association of cancer in pregnancy represents a major physiologic process for the maintenance of the race and a major pathologic process that accounts for numerous deaths. It presents a controlled growth and an uncontrolled growth in the same host.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy in Mice of Influenza B Virus Vaccines Grown in Mammalian Cells or Embryonated Chicken Eggs

ABSTRACT The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of formalin-inactivated influenza B/Memphis/1/93 virus vaccines propagated exclusively in Vero cells, MDCK cells, or embryonated chicken eggs (hereafter referred to as eggs) were investigated. Mammalian cell-grown viruses differ from the egg-grown variant at amino acid position 198 (Pro/Thr) in the hemagglutinin gene. The level of neuraminidase activity was highest in egg-grown virus, while MDCK and Vero cell-derived viruses possessed 70 and 90% less activity, respectively. After boosting, each of the vaccines induced high levels of hemagglutinin-inhibiting, neuraminidase-inhibiting, and neutralizing antibodies that provided complete protection from MDCK-grown virus challenge. Mammalian cell-derived virus vaccines induced serum antibodies that were more cross-reactive, while those induced by egg-grown virus vaccines were more specific to the homologous antigen. Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis indicated that cell-grown virus vaccines induced high frequencies of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-producing cells directed against both cell- and egg-grown virus antigens, whereas egg-grown virus vaccine induced higher frequencies of IgG- and IgM-producing cells reacting with homologous antigen and low levels of IgG-producing cells reactive with cell-grown viruses. These studies indicate that influenza B virus variants selected in different host systems can elicit different immune responses, but these alterations had no detectable influence on the protective efficacy of the vaccines with the immunization protocol used in this study.