Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steps Towards Scalable and Modularized Flight Software for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Unmanned aircraft (UA) applications impose a variety of computing tasks on the on-board computer system. From a research perspective, it is often more convenient to evaluate algorithms on bigger aircraft as they are capable of lifting heavier loads and thus more powerful computational units. On the other hand, smaller systems are often less expensive and operation is less restricted in many countries. This paper thus presents a conceptual design for flight software that can be evaluated on the UA of convenient size. The integration effort required to transfer the algorithm to different sized UA is significantly reduced. This scalability is achieved by using exchangeable payload modules and a flexible process distribution on different processing units. The presented approach is discussed using the example of the flight software of a 14 kg unmanned helicopter and an equivalent of 1.5 kg. The proof of concept is shown by means of flight performance in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation.
Need for Competency-Based Radiation Oncology Education in Developing Countries

Although not a new concept in itself, competency-based education has set the trend for the globally accepted standard norm for education and training of medical professionals including postgraduate education in radiation oncology. Societal needs demand from radiation oncologists that they be not only competent in the knowledge and skills relevant to their specific discipline, but that they also display competencies such as professionalism, scholarship, health advocacy, management/leadership, collaboration and communication. The realities of developing countries, in particular low and middle income countries (LMICs) set different priorities than in high income countries. A large proportion of cancer patients do not have access to adequate radiotherapy services. Resource constraints determine limitations in equipment, accessories, and dosimetry. Lower than standard staffing levels and limited quality education and training also contribute to substandard care and clinical outcomes. In this environment, the addition and assessment of competency-based elements to training programmes can be challenging. On the other hand, it is precisely in these countries, where competencies such as the ones listed above are highly needed in the radiation oncology profession. Implementation of competency-based medical education in the education of radiation oncologists in LMICs is both a need and a challenge. The available frameworks and competencies, despite being very relevant to the realities faced by radiation oncologists in LMICs, will still need to be adapted in order to ensure effective implementation at the national/regional level. Radiation oncologists need to employ effective change-management strategies to ensure that the changes which are introduced can remain sustainable within the context of national healthcare, education and political systems.
Tunable MIMO antenna for small handsets

In today's wireless communication systems, the need for more frequency bands and higher data rates provides challenges for designing compact, efficient, and environment-insensitive handset antennas. One way of obtaining this is by using frequency-reconfigurable Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas to both minimise the antenna volume and to compensate for user-originated impedance detuning losses. The current work contributes to describing the challenges or issues that have to be taken into account when designing well-performing frequency-tunable MIMO antennas. Obtaining this goal requires co-design of both the antenna and the tuning circuit used. An example antenna design is used to illustrate the different aspects of this work. The design features independently frequency-reconfigurable antenna elements that are able to cover most of the LTE-A bands. The performance of the example design in terms of antenna volume, bandwidth, and efficiency makes it a viable candidate for practical tunable MIMO implementations.
A note on the mating behaviour of ewes with various senses impaired.

Summary. Observations were made of mating and pregnancy in intact Border Leicester \m=x\ Merino ewes and in ewes with the senses of hearing, touch around the mouth and/or smell impaired. During November and December, almost all ewes with the sense of smell mated and became pregnant; less than half the ewes with smell impaired mated and became pregnant. It is suggested that rams stimulate oestrous activity in non-cycling ewes through olfactory receptors in the ewe. The importance of the senses of sight, smell and hearing in ram-seeking behaviour in oestrous ewes has been demonstrated by Fletcher & Lindsay (1968). However, the rôle of the senses in other aspects of reproductive be¬ haviour such as the onset of oestrous activity following anoestrus is unknown, but has been shown (especially the sense of smell) to be vital in other species (Parkes & Bruce, 1961; Signoret & Mauléon, 1962). The presence of rams is known to have a stimulating effect on oestrous activity at the onset of the breeding season (Underwood, Shier & Davenport, 1944; Thompson & Schinckel, 1952; Schinckel, 1954). Watson & Radford (1960) showed that the effect was not dependent on visual and tactile cues. The following observations were made on sixty-seven Border Leicester Merino ewes with various senses impaired, which were being used for studies on the relationship between the senses and maternal behaviour (to be reported later). Senses of smell and touch were impaired according to the techniques described by Chapman (1965) and hearing according to a modification of the technique described by Grono (1962). In the absence of electrophysio-logical equipment, it was not possible to determine the degree of impairment. However, when these ewes were tested for maternal behaviour, ewes with sense of smell and/or
Seasonal changes in the testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles of deer investigated by histochemical methods.

It was shown some years ago that the testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles of Virginia deer exhibit seasonal changes in respect to their weights and histological appearances (Wislocki, ’43). In the latitude of New England, they increase in weight and reach maximal activity in the fall (October, November), followed by a marked decline in weight and suppression of secretory activity and spermatogenesis in the spring (May, June). Since the former report was published, the internal sex organs of male deer have been reinvestigated in this laboratory by a variety of histochemical methods for lipids (including steroids), nucleoproteins, acid mucopolysaccharides, glycogen and phosphatases. The present paper describes these reactions in the testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles of Virginia and Japanese deer, comparing the results in the active and inactive states. materials and method The material consists of the testes and seminal vesicles of 4 Virginia deer Odocoileus virginianus borealis) and 2 Japanese.
Evidence that Unconscious Thinking Influences Persuasion Based on Argument Quality

Growing evidence demonstrates that individuals can think about complex information unconsciously while conscious processes cannot due to distraction. Further, unconscious processes can consider information that is difficult for conscious processes to access, such as rapidly presented information. The hypothesis that individuals can think about rapidly presented persuasive information and form attitudes based on that information to a greater extent when they think unconsciously versus consciously or when both conscious and unconscious thinking are limited was tested. All experimental participants listened to a quickly presented persuasive message containing either strong or weak arguments, and then reported their message attitudes (1) immediately, (2) after 3 min of conscious thought, or (3) after 3 min of distraction (unconscious thought). As predicted, only participants in the unconscious-thought conditions reported more favorable attitudes in response to strong versus weak arguments. These results suppo.
Derivation of pulmonary capillary pressure from arterial occlusion in intact conditions

ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability of the pulmonary capillary pressure measurement with the arterial occlusion technique. DesignProspective, randomized, controlled study on anesthetized animals. SettingA cardiopulmonary research laboratory. SubjectsSeven healthy, mongrel dogs. InterventionsThe animals were anesthetized, and left thoracotomy was performed. A 7-Fr pulmonary artery flotation catheter was inserted to monitor the pulmonary arterial pressure. Arterial flow to the left lower lobe was monitored with a cuff-type flow probe. A laser Doppler flow probe was placed on the surface of the left lower lobe to monitor flow in the microcirculation. Measurements and Main ResultsArterial occlusions were performed by inflating the flotation balloon located in the left pulmonary artery. A monoexponential curve was fitted to a stretch of data between 0.2 to 2 secs post-occlusion and extrapolated back toward time zero. Time zero was defined as the instant when a change in the arterial pressure was first observed.When the balloon was inflated, pulmonary arterial flow and pressure decreased simultaneously; flow reached zero after 72 ± 5 msecs, while pressure decreased rapidly and thereafter continued to decline more slowly. A change of flow in the main artery was followed by a change in microvascular flow with an 80 ± 20 msec lag. Thus, if flow in the large arteries was at a peak or a nadir, a peak or a nadir flow in the microcirculation would occur 80 msecs later. Therefore, as a first approximation, we estimated that flow in the arterioles stopped 80 msecs after it had reached zero in the main artery. At this instant of time when flow in the arterioles stopped, the pressure across the arterial tree would have equilibrated. We calculated the arterial occlusion pressure at time zero (when pressure or flow began to change), at the time when pressure and flow had fully equilibrated across the arterial tree, and two other selected instants in between. The extrapolated pressure at these four instants were all <1.1 mm Hg apart. ConclusionsBack extrapolation of the postarterial occlusion data to 80 msecs after flow in the main artery reached zero, provided a physiologically correct estimate of capillary pressure. This approach would be equivalent to extrapolating to 152 msecs after the initial change in pressure was noted. Thus, precapillary pressure can be accurately estimated by identifying time zero as described above, fitting the data between 0.2 to −2.0 secs to a single exponential, and calculating the pressure on the curve at 152 msecs. However, under clinical conditions, only time zero is identifiable from the pressure tracings. Our results show that back extrapolation to any point between zero and 152 msecs is acceptable. The breakpoint on the arterial pressure tracing (if discernible) is perhaps most practical because it falls between zero and 152 msecs. In humans, wave transmission time generally would be in the same range, and thus, the same criteria may be applied. (Crit Care Med 1994; 22:986–993)
Effects of in vivo injury on the neuromuscular junction in healthy and dystrophic muscles

• Strength loss induced by lengthening contractions is typically attributed to damaged force‐bearing structures within skeletal muscle. Muscle lacking the structural protein dystrophin, as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is particularly susceptible to contraction‐induced injury. • We tested the hypothesis that changes in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) contribute to strength loss following lengthening contractions in wild‐type and in dystrophic skeletal muscle. • NMJs in dystrophic (mdx) mice, the murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, show discontinuous and dispersed motor end‐plate morphology. Following lengthening contractions, mdx quadriceps muscles show a greater loss in force, increased neuromuscular transmission failure and decreased electromyographic measures compared to wild‐type. • Consistent with NMJ disruption as a mechanism contributing to this force loss, only mdx showed increased motor end‐plate discontinuity and dispersion of acetylcholine receptor aggregates. • Our results indicate that the NMJ in mdx muscle is particularly susceptible to damage, and might play a role in the exacerbated response to injury in dystrophic muscles.
Inflammation and Wound Healing: The Role of Bacteria in the Immuno-Regulation of Wound Healing

Wound healing is a sequence of complex events, an imbalance of which can result in a failure of the wound to heal, with significant implications for patients and health care services alike. Although the exact mechanism that underlies these events is not fully understood, inflammatory processes and the innate immune system play a vital role, not only in normal wound healing but also in the pathophysiology of delayed wound healing. These defense mechanisms are affected by underlying disease states and medical conditions, for example, diabetes, venous insufficiency, and the inflammation associated with acute trauma. Importantly, however, these processes are also modulated in health by bacteria within the wound. This article examines the role of the mediators of inflammation involved in the wound-healing process and discusses the function of these mediators when normal healing fails. The reaction of the wound to bacterial contamination and the effect of bacteria on wound healing are also discussed.
Platelet Glycoprotein VI: A Novel Marker for Acute Coronary Syndrome

The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI is critical for the formation of arterial thrombosis. GPVI platelet surface expression was examined in patients with stable angina and in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Surface expression of platelet activation markers such as P-selectin, GPIbalpha, and platelet GPVI was determined by flow cytometry. Patients with ACS showed a significantly enhanced GPVI expression compared with patients with stable angina and healthy controls. The expression of GPVI correlated well with CD62P. Elevated platelet GPVI expression was associated with ACS independent of markers of myocardial necrosis such as troponin and creatine kinase. In ACS, platelet surface GPVI expression was already elevated several hours before troponin and creatine kinase indicated myocardial injury. We conclude that the determination of the platelet-specific thrombotic marker GPVI may help to identify patients at risk before myocardial ischemia is evident.
Polypill Shows Promise for Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Setting and participants. Between March 2007 and August 2008, 2053 individuals aged 45 to 80 years were recruited from 50 centers across India if they had no cardiovascular disease (CVD) but at least 1 of the following CVD risk factors: smoker within past 5 years, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure >140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic, abnormal lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol > 3.1 mmol/L or high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol < 1.04 mmol/L), or increased waist-to-hip ratio (> 0.85 for women and > 0.90 for men). Individuals were excluded if they had blood pressure > 160/100 mm Hg, were taking ≥ 2 antihypertensive drugs, were taking 1 of the study drugs, had a serum LDL cholesterol level > 4.5 mmol/L, a creatinine level > 177 μmol/L (2.0 mg/dL), a potassium level > 5.5 mmol/L, abnormal liver function, asthma, or were pregnant or lactating. Participants initially entered a 3-week screening phase during which eligibility for the study was confirmed and baseline data were recorded. If the participant was taking any study drug that could be safely withdrawn, the participant could be included after 3 weeks.
Further observations on the production of reflex stepping by combination of reflex excitation with reflex inhibition

IN a previous paper' an attempt was made to determine factors at work in the reflex act of stepping, that is to say in the stepping performed by a purely reflex preparation, either decerebrate or purely spinal. The present experiments are in contribution toward the same problem. Method. In the present experiments the mode of evoking the rhythmic reflex has been that recently found by T. Graham Browns, A. Forbes3, and myself4; and the reflex preparation employed has consisted of an isolated pair of symmetrical extensor muscles5, i.e. the main extensor muscle of each knee, right and left, in the decerebrate mammal (cat).
Not all errors are created equally: specific ERN responses for errors originating from distractor‐based response retrieval

The binding of stimulus (S) and response (R) features into S‐R episodes or ‘event files’ is a basic process for the regulation of behavior. Recent studies have shown that even irrelevant information is bound into event files. Associating distractors with responses leads to more efficient behavior if irrelevant and relevant stimuli are correlated, but leads to erroneous or inadequate behavior if irrelevant stimuli do not predict relevant ones. In this study, we investigated a control mechanism that is triggered by errors resulting from distractor‐based response retrieval. We tested whether the error‐related negativity (ERN) differs depending on the error source. In particular, we compared errors due to distractor‐based response retrieval with random errors. Errors originating from distractor‐based response retrieval elicited a stronger (more negative) ERN than did other types of errors, suggesting that the cognitive system responds in a unique way to this kind of error. This control mechanism is adaptive because it prevents the emergence of inadequate response routines.
Experimental Intracerebral Mass: Description of Model, Intracranial Pressure Changes and Neuropathology

In a rodent model designed to replicate the mass effects of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, we have found that there is little change in intracranial pressure (ICP) with microballoons (25 μl and 50 μlin volume) equivalent in size to those lesions which occur with this disorder in man. With larger volumes (100 μl) there is an increase in ICP which is associated with systemic effects on cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Neuropathological evidence of ischemic brain damage was found surrounding the mass in all animals, but this was independent of whether the mass was removed or not. These studies suggest that with a mass that corresponds to the size seen most commonly with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in man, focal ischemic brain damage is produced without reduction in global CPP.
An efficient approach for brain image (tissue) compression based on the position of the brain tumor

Medical image processing plays an important role in brain tissue detection and segmentation. In this paper, a computer aided detection of brain tissue compression based on the estimation of the location of the brain tumor. The proposed system detects and segments the brain tissues and brain tumor using mathematical morphological operations. Further, the brain tissue with tumor is compressed using lossless compression technique and the brain tissue without tumor is compressed using lossy compression technique. The proposed method achieves 96.46% sensitivity, 99.20% specificity and 98.73% accuracy for the segmentation of white matter regions from the brain. The proposed method achieves 98.16% sensitivity, 99.36% specificity and 98.78% accuracy for the segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) regions from the brain and also achieves 93.07% sensitivity, 98.79% specificity and 97.63% accuracy for the segmentation of grey matter regions from the brain. This paper focus the brain tissue compression based on the location of brain tumor. The grey matter of the brain is applied to lossless compression due to the presence of the tumor in grey matter of the brain. The proposed system achieves 29.23% of compression ratio for compressing the grey matter of the brain region. The white matter and CSF regions of the brain are applied to lossy compression due to the non‐presence of the tumor. The proposed system achieves 39.13% of compression ratio for compressing the white matter and also achieves 37.5% of compression ratio for compressing the CSF tissue. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 26, 237–242, 2016
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of a PWM Inverter Controlled Brushless Motor Drive System from Physical Principles for Electric Vehicle Propulsion Applications

High performance electric motor drive systems are central to modern electric vehicle propulsion systems (Emadi et al. , 2003) and are also widely used in industrial automation (Dote, 1990) in such scenarios as numerical control (NC) machine tools and robotics. The benefits accruing from the application of such drives are precision control of torque, speed and position which promote superior electric vehicle dynamical performance (Miller, 2010) with reduced greenhouse carbon gaseous emissions resulting in increased overall automotive efficiencies. These electric motor drive attributes also contribute to enhanced productivity in the industrial sector with high quality manufactured products. These benefits arise from the fusion of modern adaptive control techniques (El Sarkawi, 1991) with advances in motor technology, such as permanent magnet brushless motors, and high speed solid-state switching converters which constitute the three essential ingredients of a high performance embedded drive system. The controllers of these machine drives are adaptively tuned to meet the essential requirements of system robustness and high tracking performance without overstressing the hardware components (Demerdash et al, 1980; Dawson et al, 1998). Conventional d.c. motors were traditionally used in adjustable speed drive (ASD) applications because torque and flux control were easily achieved by the respective adjustment of the armature and field currents in separately excited systems where fast response was a requirement with high performance at very low speeds (Vas, 1998). These dc motors suffer from the drawback of a mechanical commutator assembly fitted with brushes for electrical continuity of the rotor mounted armature coil which increases the shaft inertia and reduces speed of response. Furthermore they require periodic maintenance because of brush wear which limits motor life and the effectiveness of the commutator for high speed applications due to arcing and heating with high current carrying capacity (Murugesan, 1981). Brushless motor drive (BLMD) systems, which incorporate wide bandwidth speed and torque control loops, are extensively used in modern high performance EV and industrial motive power applications as control kernels instead of conventional dc motors. Typical high performance servodrive applications (Kuo, 1978; Electrocraft Corp, 1980) which require high torque and precision control, include chemical processing, CNC machines, supervised
Bayesian Variable Selection in Markov Mixture Models

Bayesian methods for variable selection and model choice have become increasingly popular in recent years, due to advances in Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) computational algorithms. Several methods have been proposed in literature in the case of linear and generalized linear models. In this article, we adapt some of the most popular algorithms to a class of nonlinear and non Gaussian time series models, i.e., the Markov Mixture Models (MMM). We also propose the “Metropolization” of the algorithm of Kuo and Mallick (1998), in order to tackle variable selection efficiently, both when the complexity of the model is high, as in MMM, and when the exogenous variables are strongly correlated. Numerical comparisons among the competing MCMC algorithms are also presented via simulation examples.