Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Focal ESES as a selective focal brain dysfunction: a challenge for clinicians, an opportunity for cognitive neuroscientists.

To the Editor, We have read with great interest the report by Kuki et al. (Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spikes and waves in the occipito-temporal region during slow-wave sleep in two patients with acquired Kanji dysgraphia. Epileptic Disord 2014;16(4):540-5) who describe in two young Japanese boys (10 and 11 years old, respectively), the occurrence of an “encephalopathy related to electrical status epilepticus during sleep” (ESES) with a very peculiar clinical picture. In [. ]
Polarized traffic towards the cell surface: how to find the route

Polarity is the structural and functional hallmark of epithelia. The apical plasma membrane, facing the organism's exterior (the lumen of the gut, renal tubule and glandular duct), differs in many important respects from the basolateral plasma membrane that is apposed to the interior of the organism. The generation and maintenance of epithelial polarity require a highly specialized subcellular machinery to bring proteins to their appropriate sites of action. This is a dynamic process involving the interpretation of sorting signals, vectorial delivery mechanisms, membrane‐specific fusion and retention processes. Here, we will provide a review of the field, highlighting recent advances within a historically relevant context.
Probabilistic Description of Extreme Events in Intermittently Unstable Dynamical Systems Excited by Correlated Stochastic Processes

In this work, we consider systems that are subjected to intermittent instabilities due to external stochastic excitation. These intermittent instabilities, though rare, have a large impact on the probabilistic response of the system and give rise to heavy-tailed probability distributions. By making appropriate assumptions on the form of these instabilities, which are valid for a broad range of systems, we formulate a method for the analytical approximation of the probability distribution function (pdf) of the system response (both the main probability mass and the heavy-tail structure). In particular, this method relies on conditioning the probability density of the response on the occurrence of an instability and the separate analysis of the two states of the system, the unstable and stable states. In the stable regime we employ steady state assumptions, which lead to the derivation of the conditional response pdf using standard methods for random dynamical systems. The unstable regime is inherently tran.
Simulation and analysis of the impact of projected climate change on the spatially distributed waterbalance in Thuringia, Germany

Abstract. The impact of projected climate change on the long-term hydrological balance and seasonal variability in the federal German state of Thuringia was assessed and analysed. For this study projected climate data for the scenarios A2 and B1 were used in conjunction with a conceptual hydrological model. The downscaled climate data are based on outputs of the general circulation model ECHAM5 and provide synthetic climate time series for a large number of precipitation and climate stations in Germany for the time period of 1971 to 2100. These data were used to compute the spatially distributed hydrological quantities, i.e. precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and runoff generation with a conceptual hydrological model. This paper discusses briefly the statistical downscaling method and its validation in Thuringia and includes an overview of the hydrological model. The achieved results show that the projected climate conditions in Thuringia follow the general European climate trends – increased temperature, wetter winters, drier summers. But, in terms of the spatial distribution and interannual variability regional differences occur. The analysis showed that the general increase of the winter precipitation is more distinct in the mid-mountain region and less pronounced in the lowland whereas the decrease of summer precipitation is higher in the lowland and less distinct in the mid-mountains. The actual evapotranspiration showed a statewide increase due to higher temperatures which is largest in the summer period. The resulting runoff generation in winter was found to increase in the mid-mountains and to slightly decrease in the lowland region. In summer and fall a decrease in runoff generation was estimated for the entire area due to lower precipitation and higher evapotranspiration rates. These spatially differentiated results emphasize the need of high resolution climate input data and distributed modelling for regional impact analyses.
Paleohydrology reconstruction and Holocene climate variability in the South Adriatic Sea

Abstract. Holocene paleohydrology reconstruction is derived combining planktonic and benthic stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Ow) from a high sedimentation core collected in the South Adriatic Sea (SAS). Core chronology is based on 10 AMS 14C measures on planktonic foraminifera and tephra layers. Results reveal two contrasted paleohydrological periods that reflect (i) a marked lowering of δ18Ow/salinity during the early to mid-Holocene (11.5 ka to 6.3 ka), including the two-step sapropel S1 deposition, followed during the mid- to upper Holocene by (ii) a prevailing period of increased salinity and enhanced arid conditions in the South Adriatic Basin. Superimposed on these trends, short-term centennial-scale hydrological events punctuated the Holocene period in the SAS. During the early to mid-Holocene, two main SST coolings together with prominent δ18Ow/salinity lowering delineate the sapropel S1 interruption and the post-sapropel phase between 7.3 to 6.3 ka. After 6 ka, centennial-scale δ18Ow and G. bulloides δ13C lowering, mostly centered between 3 to 0.6 ka, reflect short-term hydrological changes related to more intensive runoff of the Po and/or Apennine rivers. These short-term events, even of lesser amplitude compared to the early to mid-Holocene period, may have induced a lowering of sea surface density and consequently reduced and/or inhibited the formation of deep bottom waters in the SAS. Comparison of the emerging centennial- to millennial-scale hydrological record with previous climatic records from the central Mediterranean area and north of the Alps reveal possible synchronicities (within the radiocarbon-dating uncertainty) between phases of lower salinity in the SAS and periods of wetter climatic conditions around the north-central Adriatic Sea. Finally, wavelet analyses provide new clues about the potential origin of climate variability in the SAS, confirming the evidence for a mid-Holocene transition in the central Mediterranean climate and the dominance of a ~1670-yr periodicity after 6 ka, reflecting a plausible connection with the North Atlantic climate system.
Chronic Medical Conditions and Wishes to Die among Older Primary Care Patients

Objective: To determine the prevalence of wishes to die and the medical correlates of wishes to die among primary care patients aged 65 years and older. Method: Three-hundred and fifty-five adults with and without significant depressive symptoms who were screened in primary care offices and invited to participate completed a baseline in-home assessment. Participants were interviewed using standardized measures of medical conditions, functional status, and psychological status. Thoughts of death and wishes to die were assessed with standard questions from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Depression Section. Results: The weighted point prevalence of thoughts of death was 9.7% and 6.1% for the wish to die. Several medical conditions were associated with a wish to die, for example myocardial infarction (MI). In multivariate models that adjusted for potentially influential characteristics, the association between a history of MI and the wish to die remained statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) = 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.26, 8.75). Conclusions: Thoughts of death and a wish to die are common in older primary care patients and were more likely among persons with chronic medical conditions. Persons with a history of myocardial infarction may be particularly vulnerable to a wish to die.
Zero-error network coding for acyclic network

Consider transmitting a set of information sources through a communication network that consists of a number of nodes. Between certain pair of nodes, there exist communication channels on which information can be transmitted. At a node, one or more information sources may be generated, and each of them is multicast to a set of destination nodes on the network. In this paper, we study the problem of under what conditions a set of mutually independent information sources can be faithfully transmitted through a communication network, for which the connectivity among the nodes and the multicast requirements of the source information are arbitrary except that the connectivity does not form directed cycles. We obtain inner and outer bounds on the zero-error admissible coding rate region in term of the regions /spl Gamma//sub N//sup */ and /spl Gamma/~/sub N//sup */, which are fundamental regions in the entropy space defined by Yeung. The results in this paper can be regarded as zero-error network coding theorems for acyclic communication networks.
Characteristics of Moiré Spectra in Autostereoscopic Three-Dimensional Displays

Theoretical and experimental investigations of moirés in three-dimensional displays are performed in the spectral domain . The method of investigation of spectra basing on summation is proposed. It gives the trajectories of spectral lines. The equations of trajectories are found analytically and confirmed experimentally. The locus of the optimal angle on the trajectories is found. The phenomenological mechanism of switching branches is proposed. The geometric structure of trajectories is determined. The experimental and theoretical data are in good agreement.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 2:2:1:2 high-temperature superconductors.

We have used scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to investigate the surface-topographic and electronic properties of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 2:2:1:2 compounds. Even though there are two atoms (Bi and O) per lattice point, only one corrugation maximum per lattice point is observed. Polarity-dependent images show that the corrugations of the images taken at opposite polarities are in phase. We discuss possible explanations for this observation of in-phase corrugations at opposite polarities. Spectroscopic data were obtained at both high and low sample biases. Our data show that the density of surface electronic states near the Fermi level is about 3--4 orders of magnitude smaller than that of a typical metal. These states are only detectable when the stabilization voltage of the tunnel junction is low ({lt}1.5 V). The conductivity near zero bias is extremely nonlinear, consistent with a nonmetallic surface layer. Vacuum resonant tunneling studies show that at these low-bias voltages the tip-to-sample distance is very small ({similar to}3--6 A). This small tip-to-sample distance implies that the conductivity we detect near zero bias might result from the underlying CuO layer. We find evidence of bias-field penetration into the sample, implying that the surface density of states near the Fermi level is too smallmore » to screen out the electric field. « less
Design of Grid connected Photovoltaic Inverter with Resonant Harmonic Compensator

The reduction of high harmonic content in the grid side current is achieved by different harmonic compensating techniques. In order to accomplish it, selective harmonic compensation is carried out in grid-connected photovoltaic inverters by means of resonant harmonic compensators. The harmonic compensator shown in this paper is lead lag compensator. This paper shows a systematic design procedure for selecting the gains and parameters of these harmonic compensator's. Some Other factors considered in the design process include frequency deviation, grid synchronization, and harmonic profile. A design of grid connected photovoltaic inverter meeting the requirements of grid interconnection using MATLAB Simulink and selected experimental results are also reported.
Algebraic determination of the principal refractive indices and axes in the electro-optic effect.

A systematic algebraic approach is presented as a preferred alternative to an iterative numerical method for deriving expressions for the principal refractive indices and dielectric axes of a nonmagnetic crystal in a uniform electric field. This approach is applicable for an arbitrary field and for any symmetry point group. The results, to the chosen order in the field, are expressed algebraically in terms of measurable crystal tensors. Illustrations are given of the linear electro-optic effect for the point groups 4? 3m, 3m, 4? 2m, and 1 and of the quadratic effect in 4? 2m. The latter serves to highlight a shortcoming in the numerical approach. Comparisons are drawn with numerical results published previously.
Residual stress analysis of fixed retainer wires after in vitro loading: can mastication-induced stresses produce an unfavorable effect?

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare four different types of fixed canine-to-canine retainer regarding the maximum and residual force system generated on a canine during the intrusive in vitro loading of the rest of the anterior teeth. Retainers constructed from Ortho-FlexTech gold chain 0.038×0.016-inch (rectangular, 0.96×0.40 mm²), Tru-Chrome® 7-strand twisted 0.027-inch (round, 0.68 mm diameter) steel wire, and Wildcat 0.0175-inch (round, 0.44 mm) and 0.0215-inch (round, 0.55 mm) 3-strand Twistflex steel wire bonded on the anterior teeth of an acrylic resin model, installed in the Orthodontic Measurement and Simulation System. The force system on the canine was recorded during the loading of the anterior teeth as well as the residual force system at the same tooth after the unloading. During maximum loading, the gold chain exerted the lowest and the 0.0215-inch archwire the highest force and moment magnitude. Residual forces and moments were exerted on the canine after the unloading in all retainer types, i.e., the evaluated fixed retainers were not passive after in vitro vertical loading. The lowest magnitude was measured in gold chain retainers and the highest in cases of the high formable/low yield strength 0.027-inch archwire. This fact may explain the unexpected movements of teeth bonded on fixed retainers detected long-term in vivo.
Responsabilidade socioambiental das instituições financeiras

O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar as informacoes socioambientais divulgadas por uma amostra significativa de instituicoes financeiras publicas e privadas estabelecidas no Brasil. Efetivou-se a analise de conteudo dos relatorios anuais, relatorios contabeis e publicacoes sobre o assunto, disponiveis nos sites de uma amostra de 31 instituicoes financeiras, que representaram 82% do mercado financeiro nacional. Constatou-se que ha uma relacao entre o porte das instituicoes financeiras, a quantidade e qualidade de informacoes socioambientais divulgadas por estas, tendo em vista que as maiores instituicoes componentes da amostra mais se destacaram nas categorias analisadas. O modelo de Balanco Social do IBASE e o relatorio mais utilizado pelas instituicoes financeiras para evidenciacao dos seus investimentos socioambientais, embora nos sites das instituicoes esses sejam mais detalhados e com a apresentacao qualitativa e quantitativa dos resultados obtidos. Verificou-se que as instituicoes financeiras estabelecidas no Brasil controladas pelo poder publico divulgam mais informacoes socioambientais qualitativa e quantitativamente do que as instituicoes financeiras controladas por capital privado.
Women's Use of Force

Following changes in law enforcement policies that encourage or mandate arrest of domestic violence offenders, a concomitant increase inwomen arrested and mandated to batterer treatment programs has resulted. Most research findings, however, suggest that heterosexual intimate violence is gendered, with abuse, power, and control wielded by men over their female partners, and that when women use violence, it is typically in selfdefense or for nonaggressive reasons. However, fewstudies have investigated the female batterer treatment programs and the context of thewomen's use of violence. Using qualitative data collected from observations of three female domestic violence offender programs, this article examines women's interpretations of their violent experiences. In addition, the findings raise policy-level questions about the appropriateness of such programs, weighing the costs and benefits of a criminal justice approach to women's use of force in intimate relationships.
Posture Allocation Revisited: Breaking the Sedentary Threshold of Energy Expenditure for Obesity Management

There is increasing recognition that low-intensity physical activities of daily life play an important role in achieving energy balance and that their societal erosion through substitution with sedentary (mostly sitting) behaviors, whether occupational or for leisure, impact importantly on the obesity epidemic. This has generated considerable interest for better monitoring, characterizing, and promoting countermeasures to sedentariness through a plethora of low-level physical activities (e.g., active workstations, standing desks, sitting breaks), amid the contention that altering posture allocation (lying, sitting, standing) can modify energy expenditure to impact upon body weight regulation and health. In addressing this contention, this paper first revisits the past and more recent literature on postural energetics, with particular emphasis on potential determinants of the large inter-individual variability in the energy cost of standing and the impact of posture on fat oxidation. It subsequently analyses the available data pertaining to various strategies by which posture allocations, coupled with light physical activity, may increase energy expenditure beyond the sedentary threshold, and their relevance as potential targets for obesity management.
DoS attacks in electrical cyber-physical systems: A case study using TrueTime simulation tool

Recent years, the issue of cyber security has become ever more prevalent in the analysis and design of electrical cyber-physical systems (ECPSs). In this paper, we present the TrueTime Network Library for modeling the framework of ECPSs and focuses on the vulnerability analysis of ECPSs under DoS attacks. Model predictive control algorithm is used to control the ECPS under disturbance or attacks. The performance of decentralized and distributed control strategies are compared on the simulation platform. It has been proved that DoS attacks happen at dada collecting sensors or control instructions actuators will influence the system differently.
Shape-memory alloys in reconfigurable antennas

Shape-memory alloys have the potential to provide a large range of reconfigurability within mechanically reconfigurable antenna designs. This paper presents a study on the use of Shape-memory alloys in providing reconfigurability in antennas. First an assessment of the suitability of Shape-memory alloys for use within antenna design was conducted. Secondly a proof of concept reconfigurable square loop antenna prototype is implemented using Shape-memory alloys as the radiating element. Shape-memory alloys are used to adjust the loop circumference and therefore the antenna's resonant frequency. Simulation and measurements confirm that the antenna is reconfigurable, although the desired reconfigurability was not achieved.
Induction of ID1 expression and apoptosis by the histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin A) in human acute myeloid leukaemic cells

Abstract. Introduction: ID1, founding member of the inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family, is involved in cell population growth, apoptosis and tumourigenesis. Methods and Results: We investigated mRNA levels of ID1 in human myeloid leukaemic cell lines and in specimens of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), using semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of ID1 in human myeloid leukaemic cell lines using Western blot analysis. Six of seven AML cell lines and 12 of 15 AML patient samples were found to have barely detectable ID1 mRNA. All of these cell lines showed the same levels of protein in proportion to levels of mRNA. Two of the AML cell lines with low ID1 expression, KG1 and KG‐1a, were chosen for treatment with either the DNA demethylation reagent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (DAC), or the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). These treatments were alone or in combination, and ID1 expression was induced by both DAC and TSA. No hypermethylated ID1 gene promoter was detected in the majority of the cell lines and patient specimens, by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that induction of ID1 in KG1 and KG‐1a was not due to direct demethylation of the ID1 gene promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that accumulation of acetyl‐histone H3 and release of HDAC1 were correlated with ID1 induction by these drugs. Flow cytometric assay demonstrated more apoptosis induced by TSA or TSA in combination with DAC, in both KG‐1 and KG‐1a cell lines. Increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed when treated with TSA. Conclusion: Most AML cell lines and human AML samples have very low levels of expression of ID1. TSA or TSA in combination with DAC is able to restore ID1 expression in low ID1‐expressing AML cell lines by re‐activating the aberrantly deacetylated promoter, and this also results in more apoptotic cell death, in which ID1 and the redox pathway may be involved.
NUTRITION OF CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS I

Hohl, Hans-Rudolf (University of Wisconsin, Madison) and Kenneth B. Raper. Nutrition of cullular slime molds. I. Growth on living and dead bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 85:191–198. 1963. —Methods for growing selected species of cellular slime molds in liquid culture on living and dead bacteria are described. Species investigated included Polysphondylium pallidum, P. violaceum, Dictyostelium discoideum, and D. purpureum. Maximal growth of myxamoebae occurred in suspensions of 1010 living bacteria (Escherichia coli B/r)/ml in Sörensen's phosphate buffer (pH 6.0), reaching a density of 107 to 2 × 107 cells/ml in 48 hr. The generation time for the different slime molds ranged from 2.4 hr for P. violaceum to 2.9 hr for D. discoideum (strain V-12). Good growth of P. pallidum occurred between pH 3.6 and 7.8. The slime molds grew less well on dead (autoclaved) than on living bacteria and, except for P. pallidum, the amount and rate of growth decreased markedly as the time of autoclaving was increased from 2.5 to 80 min. Bacteria killed with propylene oxide supported growth equal to those autoclaved for a few minutes. The myxamoebae were very sensitive to the osmotic pressure of the culture medium, especially in the presence of living bacteria, and addition of as little as 0.01 m NaCl caused a measurable decrease in slime mold growth. The culture techniques employed afford useful methods for investigating the nutritional requirements of the cellular slime molds, and the experiments described provide the bases for subsequent studies relating to the axenic cultivation of these singular microorganisms.