Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fake News Classification Using Random Forest and Decision Tree (J48)

FakeNews is one of the most popular phenomena that have considerable effects on our social life, especially in the political domain. Nowadays, creating fake news becomes very easy because of users' widespread using the internet and social media. Therefore, the detection of elusiveness news is a crucial problem that needs to be considerable mainly because of its challenges like the limited amount of the benchmark datasets and the amount of the published news every second. This research proposed utilizing two different machine learning algorithms (random forest and decision tree (J48)) to detect the fake news. In this paper, the full dataset size equals 20,761 samples, while the testing sample size equals 4,345 samples.The preprocessing steps start with cleaning data by removing unnecessary special characters, numbers, English letters, and white spaces, and finally, removing stop words is implemented. After that, the most popular feature extraction method (TF-IDF) is used before applying the two suggested classification algorithms. The results show that the best accuracy achieved equals 89.11% using the decision tree model while using the random forest; the accuracy achieved equals 84.97 %.
Clayey Soil Strength Improvement by Using Alkali Activated Slag Reinforcing

There are many studies related to using alkali activated binders for the improvement of clayey soil mechanical properties. In this study, alkali activated slag (AAS) for the improvement of clayey soil strength was used and it reinforced the clay. This paper presents results of an investigation on the utilization of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag in the reinforcement of clay soils. Therefore, significant cost savings could be achieved by using alkali activated slag as binding material. These samples were analyzed by X-Ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and strength tests after the curing. The clay samples reinforced with AAS showed higher shear stress, cohesion and internal friction angle compared with the samples without reinforcement. The highest shear strength was achieved by using the highest amount of AAS (30%). This shear stress of the unreinforced clay samples could be increased from 63.2 to 137.4 kPa (117.4%) and from 123.2 to 257.4 kPa (108.9%) when the normal stress value of 100 and 500 kPa was used, respectively. The increase in shear strength is closely related to the compact contact zone between AAS and clay. Moreover, the new formed cementitious compounds of AAS had a positive influence on the shear strength of samples as well.
Chromosome structure due to phospho-mimetic H2A modulates DDR through increased chromatin mobility

In budding yeast and mammals, double strand breaks trigger global chromatin mobility together with the rapid phosphorylation of the histone H2A over an extensive region of the chromatin. To assess the role of H2A phosphorylation in this response to DNA damage, we have constructed strains where H2A has been mutated to the phospho-mimetic H2A-S129E. We show that H2A-S129E mutant increases global motion of chromosomes even in the absence of DNA damage. The intrinsic chromatin mobility of H2A-S129E is not due to checkpoint activation, histone degradation or kinetochore anchoring. Rather, the increased intra-chromosomal distances observed in H2A-S129E mutant are consistent with chromatin structural changes. In this context, the Rad953BP1-dependent-checkpoint becomes dispensable. The increase in chromatin dynamics is favorable to NHEJ of a single double-strand break but is accompanied by a sharp decrease in inter-chromosomal translocation rates. We propose that changes in chromosomal conformation due to H2A phosphorylation are sufficient to modulate the DDR and maintain genome integrity.
EDM performance characteristics and electrochemical corrosion analysis of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel: A comparative study

Cobalt-chromium alloy (F-90) and duplex stainless steel (DSS-2205) belong to the family of metallic biomaterials, which are frequently used for the manufacture of dental prosthetics, artificial implants including knee and hip joints. This article addresses the investigation highlights of electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel using different electrode materials for the evaluation of optimum machining parameters. The samples with superior machining performance and surface integrity were analyzed by electrochemical corrosion testing and found that the EDM treated samples portrayed a notable improvement in the corrosion resistance compared to bare metal. Our results demonstrated that both the substrates i.e. Co-Cr alloy and DSS-2205 were dominantly affected by the intensity of the applied current, and participated in the material removal rate with a contribution of 93.81% (23.37 mm3/min., Co-Cr alloy) and 87.32% (39.76 mm3/min., DSS-2205) respectively. However, the surface roughness of the machined Co-Cr alloy (1.080 µm) was majorly influenced by the current (contribution: 67.24%) and electrode (contribution: 28.27%). Whereas, pulse-on (contribution: 58.37%) and electrode (contribution: 30.52%) were significant for the surface roughness (1.150 µm) of the machined DSS-2205. Moreover, the machined surface also demonstrates the porosity (∼3 to ∼5 µm) and formation of intermetallic oxides, carbon phases on the samples machined at a higher value of current i.e. 16 Ampere. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer were used to scrutinize the surface topography and compositional analysis of the machined substrates. The alternation of the substrate surface observed helpful in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel by 80.88% (corrosion rate: 0.00029 mm/year) and 96% (corrosion rate: 0.00763 mm/year), comparative to their respective untreated samples.
Transition metal oxides as the buffer layer for polymer photovoltaic cells

Polymer-based photovoltaic cells have been fabricated by inserting a thin, transparent, transition metal oxide layer between the transparent anode (indium tin oxide) and the polymer layer. Two different transition metal oxides, namely vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide, were used and the device performance was compared. The surface of the oxide films and the interface between the polymer and the oxide was studied with the help of atomic force microscopy. The effect of the thickness of the oxide layer on electrical characteristics of the device was also studied and optimized thickness was achieved to give high power conversion efficiency of 3.3% under simulated AM1.5G illumination of 100mW∕cm2.
How Consumers Budget

Although budgeting is widely considered a common method of managing household finances, surprisingly little is known about the budgeting process. Using a nationally-representative survey (N=3,826) of US adults, we examine budgeting behaviors and beliefs, including who budgets and why, how individuals categorize consumption, and how they adjust their behavior after over- or under-spending. We identify five facts that illuminate key features of budgeting and supplement findings with administrative data (N=194,678) from a large financial institution in Australia. Understanding systematic patterns in how individuals and households budget may serve a critical role in informing economic models of consumption-savings behavior.
FiC-RNN: A Multi-FPGA Acceleration Framework for Deep Recurrent Neural Networks

SUMMARY Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been proven effective for sequence-based tasks thanks to their capability to process temporal information. In real-world systems, deep RNNs are more widely used to solve complicated tasks such as large-scale speech recognition and machine translation. However, the implementation of deep RNNs on traditional hardware platforms is ine ﬃ cient due to long-range temporal dependence and irregular computation patterns within RNNs. This ine ﬃ ciency manifests itself in the proportional increase in the latency of RNN inference with respect to the number of layers of deep RNNs on CPUs and GPUs. Previous work has focused mostly on optimizing and accelerating individual RNN cells. To make deep RNN inference fast and e ﬃ cient, we propose an accelerator based on a multi-FPGA platform called Flow-in-Cloud (FiC). In this work, we show that the parallelism provided by the multi-FPGA system can be taken advantage of to scale up the inference of deep RNNs, by partitioning a large model onto several FPGAs, so that the latency stays close to constant with respect to increasing number of RNN layers. For single-layer and four-layer RNNs, our implementation achieves 31x and 61x speedup compared with an Intel CPU.
A Lagrangian approach for the minimum spanning tree problem with conflicting edge pairs

This article addresses the minimum spanning tree problem with conflicting edge pairs, a variant of the classical minimum spanning tree where, given a list of conflicting edges, the goal is to find the cheapest spanning tree with no edges in conflict. We adopt a Lagrangian relaxation approach together with a dual ascent and a subgradient procedure to find tight lower bounds on the optimal solution. The algorithm is also equipped with a heuristic approach which provides an upper bound by removing the conflicts from possible infeasible solutions met during the calculation of the lower bounds. The computational results, carried out on benchmark instances, show that the proposed algorithm finds the optimal solutions on several instances. Moreover, the lower bounds it provides are much more accurate than ones provided by other Lagrangian approaches available in the literature and they are computed in much less time.
Volatile and non-volatile metabolite study of endemic ecuadorian specie Piper lanceifolium Kunth

ABSTRACT Phytochemical study of P. lanceifoluim, used in the traditional medicine in the South of Ecuador, resulted in the isolation of one flavone called Sakuranetin (1), two benzoic derivative acid knows called: lanceaefolic acid methyl ester (2), and cyclolanceaefolic acid methyl ester (3). The structures of compounds were established by means of 1H- and 13C-NMR and MS data, and compared with literature data. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and then analysed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), a total of 35 constituents were identified, representing the 97.3% of the chemical composition. Safrole was the most abundant compound in the plant with 48.3%. Monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes are the most important groups of compounds in the essential oil of P. lanceifolium, this oil exhibited a moderate antibacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997).
Intraoperative Adjuvant Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: A Prospective Parallel Phase II Study.

Background: Prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) showed promising results in patients with colorectal carcinoma at high risk of recurrence but still without clinically and radiologically evident signs of peritoneal spread. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of this proactive, early phase, multimodality approach. Methods: A mono-institutional, prospective, parallel, two-stage phase II trial enrolled 49 patients to standard surgery or surgery plus intraoperative HIPEC. Before the procedure and during surgery, patients received intravenous fluorouracil (and leucovorin to potentiate oxaliplatin activity. Data analysis included length of hospital stay, surgery duration, type of surgery and chemotherapy-related complications risk score. Results: No significant difference was seen in the median time spent in the hospital with a median stay of 7 days in both groups (p=0.5720). The surgical procedure's median duration was longer in the HIPEC group than in the control one. Side-effects and surgical complications did not cross at any time the Pocock-type boundary for side/effect monitoring (p=0.80, N.S.). Conclusions: The present prospective study results demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the colorectal surgery plus HIPEC treatment in patients with colorectal cancer patients at high-risk for peritoneal invasion, although clinically and radiologically undetectable.
Optimisation of Plant-based Milk Formulation using Hazelnut, Sunflower Seed and Pumpkin Seed by Mixture Design

The preference for plant-based foods has been increased in recent years. Animal milk alternatives, named as plant-based milk, are produced from different oilseeds, nuts and cereals by a series of processing steps. These plant-based milk have different advantages over animal milk such as being lactose and cholesterol-free and having a high content of phenolics, minerals and unsaturated fatty acids. On the contrary, they generally have a lower content of proteins and low sensorial acceptability. To overcome these disadvantages, an optimisation by mixture design was carried out to produce high-quality plant-based milk in terms of chemical, physical and sensorial properties. The results showed that dry matter (7.7-11.5 g/100 mL) and ash (0.11-0.46 g/100 mL) content of the samples increased using a combination of sunflower seeds and pumpkin seeds. Total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of plant-based milk were governed by the ratio of sunflower seeds. Hazelnut ratio in the samples had a positive impact on protein content (0.17-1.85 g/100 mL), whiteness index, serum stability and sensorial properties. The optimum formulation was determined as 66.3% hazelnut, 0% pumpkin seed and 33.7% sunflower seed. Verification studies showed a good agreement between theoretical and experimental responses.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN HEALTH RISKS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Due to urbanization, there is a high demand for research in urban ecosystems linkage to human health risks. By 2050, around 70% of the world’s population will live in urban areas with the rising challenges of urban space, facilities, and services as well as increasing risks of safety, quality of life, health care, etc. Therefore, there is a great need to analyze the urban ecosystem as an urban planning tool to mitigate human health risks. The main objective of this research is to identify the most and the least investigated urban ecosystems linked to human well-being. The systematic review method is used to analyze the existing literature on ecosystem services’ impact on human health risks. Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and other targeted databases are used for the defined keywords, such as urban ecosystem services and human health, urban ecosystem services and human mental health, etc. Moreover, this paper uses the chronological order and “Word and Word Combination Frequency” method for identified relevant publications. In total, there are 2,498 records analyzed as matching the searched keywords. After the reduction of duplicates, screening, and full article analysis, 107 articles were left for further analysis. The results show that interest in the topic is increasing. Some ecosystem services’ linkage to human health risks is more analyzed than others. The majority of analysis is done from a single urban ecosystem perspective (e.g., green infrastructure, water supply), therefore some challenges are defined, such as the lack of research. The majority of previous investigations focus on the urban ecosystem’s impact on physical illness. Although the attention towards mental health risks and urban ecosystems is increasing, there are still some gaps because of expensive and long-lasting research.
Proximate Composition, Phytochemical and Mineral Analysis of Cooked and Raw Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum)

Aim: This work attempts to determine the bioactive agents’ groups probably responsible for the diverse growth characteristics and medicinal uses of (Tetracarpidium conophorum) Nigerian walnut. Methodology: The following analyses were carried out in the study proximate, phytochemical and mineral were analyzed. Results: The result for proximate analysis of the raw and cooked walnut seed extract contained the following parameters 42.57% and 40.91% moisture content, 20.54% and 23.03% protein, 4.51% and 4.27% Fat content, 7.26% and 7.05% crude fiber, 5.02% and 5.16% Ash content, 20.12% and 19.59% carbohydrate respectively. The phytochemical analysis results obtained revealed the presence of bioactive compounds containing 0.92 mg/100 g Tannin, 1.69 mg/100 g Saponin, 2.78 mg/100 g Flavonoid, 0.41 mg/100 g Alkaloid for cooked walnut while raw walnut contained 1.10 mg/100 g Tannin, 3.09 mg/100 g Oxalate, 2.63 mg/100 g Phytate, 3.43 mg/100 g Saponin, 3.19 mg/100 g Flavonoid and 1.34 mg/100 g Alkaloid. This study has shown the phytochemical, mineral and proximate compositions of boiled Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds. Conclusion: The study revealed that the boiled seeds contain concentrations of alkaloids and also contain moderate quantities of tannins. These bioactive compounds could be responsible for the reported medicinal properties of Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds. This partly shows the use of this seed in herbal medicine.
Effects of Temperature and Heating Time on Degradation and Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanin from Roselle Petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

The effects of temperature and heating time on the degradation and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin compounds from roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been evaluated from this research. The purpose of this study is to determine, the degradation and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin compounds on variations of temperature and heating time. In this study anthocyanin was extracted from roselle petals using ethanol solvent at 25oC. Then the anthocyanin extract obtained was dissolved into aqueous solution. The solution was then heated at 40oC, 60oC and 80oC for 60 minutes. The degradation of anthocyanin compounds was analyzed by calculating the total of anthocyanin contents, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The results showed that Total Anthocyanin Content (TAC) from the extract solution before heating was 144.28 mg/L. Meanwhile the total value of anthocyanin in the 60 minutes after heating at 400C, 600C and 800C are 108.88 mg/L, 88.84 mg/L and 63.78 mg/L respectively. Heating at 80oC decreases antioxidant activity by increasing the IC50 value to 86.8 ppm higher than the conditions before heating. The increase of temperature and length of the heating process made the anthocyanin structure degraded. Degradation was indicated by the reduction of total anthocyanin content and the decrease of antioxidant activity.
Multistage Magmatism in Ophiolites and Associated Metavolcanites of the Ulan-Sar’dag Mélange (East Sayan, Russia)

We present new whole-rock major and trace element, mineral chemistry, and U-Pb isotope data for the Ulan-Sar’dag mélange, including different lithostratigraphic units: Ophiolitic, mafic rocks and metavolcanites. The Ulan-Sar’dag mélange comprises of a seafloor and island-arc system of remnants of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Detailed studies on the magmatic rocks led to the discovery of a rock association that possesses differing geochemical signatures within the studied area. The Ulan-Sar’dag mélange includes blocks of mantle peridotite, podiform chromitite, cumulate rocks, deep-water siliceous chert, and metavolcanic rocks of the Ilchir suite. The ophiolitic unit shows overturned pseudostratigraphy. The nappe of mantle tectonites is thrusted over the volcanic-sedimentary sequence of the Ilchir suite. The metavolcanic series consist of basic, intermediate, and alkaline rocks. The mantle peridotite and cumulate rocks formed in a supra-subduction zone environment. The mafic and metavolcanic rocks belong to the following geochemical types: (1) Ensimatic island-arc boninites; (2) island-arc calc-alkaline andesitic basalts, andesites, and dacites; (3) tholeiitic basalts of mid-ocean ridges; and (4) oceanic island basalts. U–Pb dating of zircons from the trachyandesite, belonging to the second geochemical type, yielded a date of 833 ± 4 Ma which is interpreted as the crystallization age during mature island-arc and intra-arc rifting stages. The possible influence of later plume magmatic-hydrothermal activities led to the appearance of moderately alkaline igneous rocks (monzogabbro, trachybasalt, trachyandesite, subalkaline gabbro, and metasomatized peridotites) with a significant subduction geochemical fingerprint.
Variational Bayesian inference for association over phylogenetic trees for microorganisms

ABSTRACT With the advance of next generation sequencing technologies, researchers now routinely obtain a collection of microbial sequences with complex phylogenetic relationships. It is often of interest to analyze the association between certain environmental factors and characteristics of the microbial collection. Though methods have been developed to test for association between the microbial composition with environmental factors as well as between coevolving traits, a flexible model that can provide a comprehensive picture of the relationship between microbial community characteristics and environmental variables will be tremendously beneficial. We developed a Bayesian approach for association analysis while incorporating the phylogenetic structure to account for the dependence between observations. To overcome the computational difficulty related to the phylogenetic tree, a variational algorithm was developed to evaluate the posterior distribution. As the posterior distribution can be readily obtained for parameters of interest and any derived variables, the association relationship can be examined comprehensively. With two application examples, we demonstrated that the Bayesian approach can uncover nuanced details of the microbial assemblage with regard to the environmental factor. The proposed Bayesian approach and variational algorithm can be extended for other problems involving dependence over tree-like structures.
Controls on the 14C Content of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon Mobilized Across the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada

The Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) delivers large quantities of organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean, with significant implications for the global C budgets and ocean biogeochemistry. The amount and properties of OC in the Mackenzie River's delta have been well monitored in the last decade, but the spatial variability in OC sources transported by its different tributaries is still unclear. Here we present new data on the radiocarbon (14C) content of dissolved and particulate OC (Δ14C‐DOC and Δ14C‐POC) across the mainstem and major tributaries of the MRB, comprising 19 different locations, to identify factors controlling spatial patterns in riverine OC sources. The Δ14C‐DOC and Δ14C‐POC varied across a large range, from −179.9‰ to 62.9‰, and −728.8‰ to −9.0‰, respectively. Our data reveal a positive spatial coupling between the Δ14C of DOC and POC across the MRB, whereby the most 14C‐depleted waters were issued from the mountainous west bank of the MRB. This 14C‐depleted DOC and POC likely originates from a combination of petrogenic sources, connected with the presence of kerogens in the bedrock, and biogenic sources, mobilized by thawing permafrost. Our analysis also reveals intriguing relationships between Δ14C of DOC and POC with turbidity, water stable isotope ratio and catchment elevation, indicating that hydrology and geomorphology are key to understanding riverine OC sources in this landscape. A closer examination of the specific mechanisms giving rise to these relationships is recommended. For now, this study provides a road map of the key OC sources in this rapidly changing river basin.