Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heartbeat monitoring alert via SMS

The heart rate can be measured by monitoring one's pulse using specialized medical devices such as an electrocardiograph (ECG), portable device e.g. wrist strap watch, or any other commercial heart rate monitors which normally consisting of a chest strap with electrodes. Despite of its accuracy, somehow it is costly, involve many clinical settings and patient must be attended by medical experts for continuous monitoring. For a patient whom already diagnosed with fatal heart disease, their heart rate condition has to be monitored continously. This paper proposed an alert system that able to monitor the heart beat rate condition of patient. The heart beat rate is detected using photoplethysmograph (PPG) technique. This signal is processed using PIC16F87 microcontroller to determine the heart beat rate per minute. Then, it sends sms alert to the mobile phone of medical experts or patient's family members, or their relatives via SMS. Thus, doctors can monitor and diagnose the patient's condition continously and could suggest earlier precaution for the patients themselves. This will also alert the family members to quickly attend the patient.
Structural Strength Benefits Observed at the Hip of Premenarcheal Gymnasts Are Maintained Into Young Adulthood 10 Years After Retirement From the Sport.

PURPOSE Premenarcheal female gymnasts have been consistently found to have greater bone mass and structural advantages. However, little is known about whether these structural advantages are maintained after the loading stimulus is removed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the structural properties at the hip after long-term retirement from gymnastics. METHODS Structural properties were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans using the hip structural analysis program for the same 24 gymnasts and 21 nongymnasts both in adolescence (8-15 y) and adulthood (22-30 y). Structural measures were obtained at the narrow neck, intertrochanter, and femoral shaft and included cross-sectional area, section modulus, and buckling ratio. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess differences between groups in bone measures while controlling for size, age, maturity, and physical activity. RESULTS Gymnasts were found to have structural advantages at the narrow neck in adolescence (16% greater cross-sectional area, 17% greater section modulus, and 25% lower buckling ratio) and 14 years later (13% greater cross-sectional area and 26% lower buckling ratio). Benefits were also found at the intertrochanter and femoral shaft sites in adolescence and adulthood. CONCLUSION Ten years after retirement from gymnastics, former gymnasts' maintained significantly better hip bone structure than females who did not participate in gymnastics during growth.
BI 1356 (geplanter Handelsname ONDERO), ein neuer DPP-4-Inhibitor aus der Strukturklasse der Xanthine, zeigt ein herausragendes präklinisches Profil

Fragestellung: BI 1356 ist ein neuer Inhibitor fur Dipeptidylpeptidase-4, der sich in der klinischen Entwicklung fur die Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes befindet. Die auf einem Xanthin Grundgerust basierende chemische Struktur von BI 1356 unterscheidet sich von allen anderen in der Entwicklung fortgeschrittenen DPP-4 Inhibitoren. In den hier beschriebenen Studien wurde das praklinische Profil von BI 1356 charakterisiert und mit anderen DPP-4 Inhibitoren verglichen. Methodik: Potenz, Selektivitat, Wirkmechanismus und Wirkdauer von BI 1356 wurden in vitro und in vivo untersucht. Potenz und Wirkdauer in vitro wurden an Extrakten aus der humanen Colon Zelllinie CaCo-2 bestimmt. Die in vivo Bestimmungen von Wirksamkeit, Wirkdauer und Wirkmechanismus wurden nach oraler Einmalgabe der Substanz in HanWistar und Zucker Ratten und in C57Bl/6J Mausen durchgefuhrt. Dabei wurden Glucosetoleranz, Zeitverlaufe von GLP-1 und Insulin und die ex vivo Aktivitat von Plasma DPP-4 gemessen. In mehreren dieser Versuche wurde BI 1356 mit anderen DPP-4 Inhibitoren verglichen. Ergebnisse: BI 1356 hat mit einer IC50 von 1 nM eine hohere in vitro Potenz als Sitagliptin (19 nM), Alogliptin (24 nM), Saxagliptin (50 nM) und Vildagliptin (62 nM). Die Dissoziationsgeschwindigkeit vom DPP-4 Enzym ist etwa 10-fach niedriger fur BI 1356 (3,0×10-5 s-1) als fur Vildagliptin (2,1×10-4 s-1). BI 1356 zeigt eine mehr als 10.000-fache Selektivitat gegenuber DPP-8 und -9. Die Hemmung der DPP-4 Aktivitat in HanWistar Ratten war 24h nach Dosierung starker mit BI 1356 (ED50 0,9mg/kg) als mit Saxagliptin (2,7mg/kg), Alogliptin (10mg/kg), Vildagliptin (14mg/kg) und Sitagliptin (>30mg/kg). Orale Glucosetoleranztests in C57Bl/6J Mausen, die entweder unmittelbar nach Substanzgabe oder 16h spater durchgefuhrt wurden, ergaben fur die verschiedenen DPP-4 Inhibitoren eine Wirkdauer bezuglich Reduktion der Glucose-Exkursion in der Reihenfolge BI 1356 > (Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin) > Vildagliptin. OGTTs in Zucker Ratten zeigten, dass die Verbesserung der Glucosetoleranz sowohl akut als auch 24h nach Gabe von BI 1356 mit einen temporaren Anstieg von aktivem GLP-1 und Insulin im Plasma einhergeht. Daruber hinaus waren auch noch 24h nach Einmalgabe von BI 1356 die Spiegel von basalem GLP-1 (aber nicht von Insulin) erhoht. Schlussfolgerungen: Die hohe Potenz und langsame Dissoziationsgeschwindigkeit von BI 1356 in vitro tragen zumindest teilweise zur lang anhaltenden Hemmung von DPP-4 in vivo bei. BI 1356 kann praklinisch von anderen DPP-4 Inhibitoren durch eine langer anhaltende Verbesserung der Glucosetoleranz bei gleicher Dosierung unterschieden werden. Die permanente Erhohung der basalen aktiven GLP-1-Spiegel konnte langfristig zu einer Regeneration von β-Zellen und einer Erniedrigung der ubersteigerten Glucagon Sekretion aus α-Zellen im diabetischen Pankreas fuhren. Die hohe Potenz und die volle Wirksamkeit uber 24h wurden fur BI 1356 bereits in klinischen Studien bestatigt.
Fabrication of tunable wetting PDMS membrane by nanostructuring and plasma treatment

In this paper, we present the tunable wetting behavior of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by nanostructuring and plasma treatments, which shows stable superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. The PDMS film with high-density nanoporous was prepared by replica molding of the black silicon surface fabricated by an improved deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process. This simple nanostructuring can increase the roughness and reduce the surface energy of PDMS. The conventional equipment for micro fabrication (i.e. inductively couple plasma etcher) was used to realize plasma treatment to modify the wettability. The effects of different plasma gases on wettability are attributed to physical and chemical mechanisms, which have been investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The optimized recipe was obtained after additional chemical analysis. Eventually, the static contact angles of this PDMS membrane remarkably achieved ~160° and ~3°, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery of wettability was reduced by nanostructuring PDMS surface.
Transepithelial Transport of the Group II Metabotropic Glutamate 2/3 Receptor Agonist (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-Aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY354740) and Its Prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2′-Amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY544344)

The limited oral bioavailability of the potent and selective group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptor agonist, (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1. 0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY354740), was shown to be improved by its peptidyl prodrug, (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2′S)-(2′-amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1. 0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY544344). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of intestinal absorption of LY354740 and its prodrug LY544344. Transepithelial transport and accumulation studies were performed in Caco-2 cell monolayers; the involvement of the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) transporter was also examined. In absorptive transport studies, the peptidyl prodrug LY544344 partially hydrolyzed to release LY354740 intracellularly, and both compounds appeared in the basolateral compartment. The absorptive transport rate of LY544344, basolateral appearance rate of LY354740, and their cellular accumulation after incubation with LY544344 were concentration-dependent. PEPT1 inhibition reduced transepithelial transport and cellular accumulation of LY544344 to 22 and 1.1% of control, respectively. LY354740 showed concentration-independent absorptive transport with negligible cellular accumulation. Efflux and trans-stimulation studies revealed predominantly apical efflux and the existence of specific transporters for LY544344 and intracellularly released LY354740 on the apical and basolateral membranes. LY544344 efflux was also trans-stimulated at the apical side by glycyl-glutamate but not by glycyl-sarcosine. Transport of neither compound was affected by P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, as shown in transport and uptake inhibition studies in Madin-Darby canine kidney multidrug resistance 1-transfected cell line and inverted membrane vesicles. In conclusion, LY354740 is mainly transported by the paracellular pathway, whereas intestinal absorption of LY544344 is mediated by PEPT1. However, the absorptive transport of LY544344 seems to be modulated by an apical efflux transporter and a rate-limiting transport step across the basolateral membrane.
Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation after experimental ischemic stroke using MRI-based algorithms

Estimation of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) risk is crucial for treatment decision–making after acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine the accuracy of multiparametric MRI-based predictive algorithms in calculating probability of HT after stroke. Spontaneously, hypertensive rats were subjected to embolic stroke and, after 3 h treated with tissue plasminogen activator (Group I: n = 6) or vehicle (Group II: n = 7). Brain MRI measurements of T2, T2*, diffusion, perfusion, and blood–brain barrier permeability were obtained at 2, 24, and 168 h post-stroke. Generalized linear model and random forest (RF) predictive algorithms were developed to calculate the probability of HT and infarction from acute MRI data. Validation against seven-day outcome on MRI and histology revealed that highest accuracy of hemorrhage prediction was achieved with a RF-based model that included spatial brain features (Group I: area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.85 ± 0.14; Group II: AUC = 0.89 ± 0.09), with significant improvement over perfusion- or permeability-based thresholding methods. However, overlap between predicted and actual tissue outcome was significantly lower for hemorrhage prediction models (maximum Dice’s Similarity Index (DSI) = 0.20 ± 0.06) than for infarct prediction models (maximum DSI = 0.81 ± 0.06). Multiparametric MRI-based predictive algorithms enable early identification of post-ischemic tissue at risk of HT and may contribute to improved treatment decision-making after acute ischemic stroke.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Refractory Chronic Low Back Pain Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A

Abstract Objectives: To investigate changes in isometric strength and the cross-sectional area [CSA] of the lumbar extensors induced by botulinum toxin type A [BoNT-A] treatment and the relationship between these changes and the clinical efficacy of BoNT-A for reducing refractory chronic low back pain [LBP]. Methods: Thirty-five patients suffered from chronic LBP refractory to other conservative treatments. Each was injected with 50 units of BoNT-A [Dysport®, Llandudno, UK] at the tender points in the lumbar extensor muscles. Visual analog scale [VAS] pain scores, Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire [OLBPQ] responses, changes in the isometric strength, and CSA of the lumbar extensors were assessed at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months. Results: The VAS pain scores were significantly reduced at all post-treatment time points. A significant improvement in mean OLBPQ scores was evident at 2 and 3 months after treatment. Significant increases in lumbar extensor isometric strength were observed at three months on 0°, 24°, and 60° lumbar flexion angles. Increases in muscle size were seen at the L3-4 inter-vertebral level and the L4-5 inter-vertebral level at 3 months. No strong correlation was found between VAS score and isometric strength of the total lumbar extensor. The change in VAS scores was significantly correlated with the CSA of the L4-5 intervertebral level of extensor. A negative correlation was found between OLBPQ scores and isometric strength of the lumbar extensors. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The BoNT-A may have clinical utility in terms of pain reduction and functional improvement in patients with refractory chronic LBP. This therapy could serve as a suitable alternative for patients with refractory chronic LBP who experience no benefit from conservative treatments.
ATP-Binding Cassette B1 Transports Seliciclib (R-Roscovitine), a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor

Seliciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is a promising candidate to treat a variety of cancers. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown high oral bioavailability but limited brain exposure to the drug. This study shows that seliciclib is a high-affinity substrate of ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) because it activates the ATPase activity of the transporter with an EC50 of 4.2 μM and shows vectorial transport in MDCKII-MDR1 cells, yielding an efflux ratio of 8. This interaction may be behind the drug's limited penetration of the blood-brain barrier. ABCB1 overexpression, on the other hand, does not confer resistance to the drug in the models tested. These findings should be considered when treatment strategies using seliciclib are designed.
High-Throughput Screening for Advanced Thermoelectric Materials: Diamond-Like ABX2 Compounds.

High-throughput (HTP) calculations are a highly promising direction for the discovery of novel functional materials. Here we use an HTP framework to investigate the electronic structures and p-type thermoelectric properties of the ABX2 compounds with diamond-like structures. We show application of HTP both to identify compounds and also to identify underlying trends. A total of 65 entries out of 84 908 in the Materials Informatics Platform are selected for this study. The electronic structures and chemical-bonding analyses reveal that there exists a general conductive network consisting of the anion X sublattice, which dominates the electrical transport properties of the compounds. Electrical and thermal transport properties of the 41 pnictide and chalcogenide compounds with sufficient band gaps are studied. Pnictide compounds have relatively smaller Seebeck coefficients than the chalcogenide compounds. This is due to the smaller effective masses around the valence band maxima. The electrical conductivities and power factors, however, are better in pnictide compounds. This is because pnictide compounds have high electronic group velocities and electronic relaxation times. Combined with the predictions of lattice thermal conductivities based on the Slack model, 12 novel p-type and n-type ABX2 materials with high ZT values are predicted.
Prolonged Toxic Effects After Cocaine Challenge in Butyrylcholinesterase/Plasma Carboxylesterase Double Knockout Mice: A Model for Butyrylcholinesterase-Deficient Humans

Death and toxicity after cocaine use do not correlate with cocaine blood levels. One explanation for this observation is that cocaine abusers may posses one or more of the 58 possible known mutations in the butyrylcholinesterase gene (BCHE). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) serves as the primary cocaine hydrolase producing a nontoxic product ecgonine methyl ester. A reduction in endogenous levels of BChE may result in increased metabolism by hepatic carboxylesterase to produce norcocaine, a toxic product. Humans have carboxylesterase in tissues but not in plasma, whereas wild-type mice have significant amounts of carboxylesterase in tissues and plasma. Knockout mice with no plasma carboxylesterase were created to eliminate the contribution of plasma carboxylesterase in cocaine hydrolysis, thereby simulating human enzyme levels. This study tested the hypothesis that reductions in BChE such as those in humans with BChE mutations contribute to increased toxicity after cocaine use. Carboxylesterase and BChE double knockout mice, models for humans with BChE deficiency, were challenged with a nonlethal dose of 100 mg/kg (−)-cocaine. Carboxylesterase/BChE double knockout mice demonstrated toxic signs significantly longer than did wild-type and carboxylesterase knockout mice. The carboxylesterase/BChE-deficient mice took approximately 2.5 times as long to recover from cocaine toxicities, including the following: hypothermia, hyperactivity, stereotypical behavior, ocular effects, and dorsiflexion of the tail. The carboxylesterase/BChE double knockout mouse model demonstrates the importance of endogenous BChE for protection against cocaine toxicity and provides an in vivo system for studying drug sensitivity of humans who carry a BChE mutation.
Bioavailability of the Glucuronide and Sulfate Conjugates of Genistein and Daidzein in Breast Cancer Resistance Protein 1 Knockout Mice

The dietary polyphenols genistein and daidzein are potent effectors of biological processes. The plasma profile of both isoflavones is governed by the presence of phase II conjugates, mainly glucuronides and sulfates. Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2/BCRP) interacts with genistein and daidzein, which are among the natural substrates of the transporter and competitively inhibit ABCG2-mediated drug efflux. ABCG2/BCRP can also transport glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. In this study, we analyzed the plasma levels of aglycones and derived conjugated metabolites, glucuronides, and sulfates, after intragastric administration of these isoflavones to wild-type and Bcrp1(−/−) knockout mice. The results show that overall plasmatic profile is mainly governed by sulfate and glucuronide derivatives, the concentration of which was significantly increased (7- to 10-fold) in Bcrp1(−/−) mice. The total AUC h nM (0–180 min), as the sum of aglycones, glucuronides, and sulfates, was 901 ± 207 in wild-type mice versus 4988 ± 508 in Bcrp1(−/−) mice after genistein administration (50 mg/kg b.wt.); 584.3 ± 90 in wild-type mice versus 4012 ± 612 in Bcrp1(−/−) after daidzein administration (50 mg/kg); and 926 ± 140 in wild-type mice versus 5174 ± 696 in Bcrp1(−/−) after genistein+daidzein administration (25 + 25 mg/kg). Therefore, our results indicate a direct and conclusive Bcrp1 efflux action on phase II metabolites of these isoflavones in vivo and suggest a possible novel concept for ABCG2/BCRP as part of metabolism-driven efflux transport of these conjugates.
Face detection using multi-modal information

This paper proposes an object-oriented face detection method using multi-modal fusion of range, color and motion information. Objects are segmented from a complex background using a stereo disparity histogram that represents the range information of the objects. A matching pixel count (MPC) disparity measure is introduced to enhance the matching accuracy. To detect the facial regions among segmented objects, a skin-color transform technique is used with the general skin color distribution (GSCD) modeled by a 2D Gaussian function in a color synthetic normalization (CSN) color space. The motion detection technique of AWUPC (adaptive weighted unmatched pixel count) is defined on the skin-color transformed image where the adaptive threshold value for the motion detection is determined according to the probability of skin color. AWUPC transforms the input color image into a gray-level image that represents the probability of both the skin color and motion information. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect a moving human object in various environments such as skin color noise and complex background. It can be useful in MPEG-4 SNHC.
Attacks against Network Functions Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking: State-of-the-art

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are two emerging paradigms for networks. While being independent from each other, they may be deployed together, which is likely to happen more frequently in the future, as they bring many opportunities for simpler, more flexible and energy-efficient networks. However, they also come with weaknesses that evil-minded users could exploit to disrupt such architectures. In this paper, we survey attacks that have been or could be performed against NFV and SDN, and propose practical countermeasures when applicable.
Evaluation of fault-tolerant composite field AES S-boxes under multiple transient faults

With the shrinking of dimensions, not only the attacks but also transient faults became important concerns of cryptographic processors based on deep submicron technologies. Fault tolerance is achieved by adding redundancy (area, time and information). Motivated by the need of effective designs, we propose a method to characterize the efficiency of fault-tolerant techniques considering both the fault tolerance and the cost penalty. It allows to select the effective technique according to gate reliability. In this paper, we analyze two typical fault-tolerant AES S-Boxes. The results show that parity checking is a good solution for the gate reliability q <; 0.9987, while the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is more suitable for the case of high gate reliability.
Automating functional tests using Selenium

Ever in search of a silver bullet for automated functional testing for Web applications, many folks have turned to Selenium. Selenium is an open-source project for in-browser testing, originally developed by ThoughtWorks and now boasting an active community of developers and users. One of Selenium's stated goals is to become the de facto open-source replacement for proprietary tools such as WinRunner. Of particular interest to the agile community is that it offers the possibility of test-first design of Web applications, red-green signals for customer acceptance tests, and an automated regression test bed for the Web tier. This experience report describes the standard environment for testing with Selenium, as well as modifications we performed to incorporate our script pages into a wiki. It includes lessons we learned about continuous integration, script writing, and using the Selenium Recorder (renamed IDE). We also discuss how long it took to write and maintain the scripts in the iterative development environment, how close we came to covering all of the functional requirements with tests, how often the tests should be (and were) run, and whether additional automated functional testing below the GUI layer was still necessary and/or appropriate. While no silver bullet, Selenium has become a valuable addition to our agile testing toolkit, and is used on the majority of our Web application projects. It promises to become even more valuable as it gains widespread adoption and continues to be actively developed