Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term stress: the case of transport and slaughter

Abstract Short-term stressors such as transport and slaughter include psychological and physical stimuli that might be aversive for the animals. Restraint, manipulation and sudden change lead to fear, or psychological stress, while hunger, thirst, fatigue, injury and extreme thermal conditions are considered as physical stresses. Animal responses to these stimuli include behavioural and physiological changes devoted to coping with adverse situations. If the recovery or the adaptation fails, the consequences can be extremely serious, ranging from weight loss and death to impaired carcass and meat quality. As the stress during transport and slaughter is unavoidable, only the knowledge of the physiological and behavioural needs of the animals during all procedures from pre-transport handling to stunning, together with the correct use of the facilities for handling and transportation, can minimize the intensity and the duration of stress. The final goal is to improve transport and slaughter conditions for the animal and, as a consequence, animal welfare and meat quality.
Vigilance and perception of flock size in foraging house sparrows (Passer domesticus L.)

Perception of flockmates is clearly important if individuals' vigilance behaviour depends as much on the behaviour of other individuals as on the flock size. We attempted to evaluate the importance of flockmate perception in the scanning behaviour of free-living house sparrows Passer domesticus by observing them at an artificial feeder. Typically, sparrows would await on an adjacent wall, where they could see all the birds in the feeder, before hopping down to forage. Individuals' inter-scan time increased with flock size, but when a barrier was placed across the feeder, preventing sparrows in the feeder from seeing the other side, individuals scanned according to the number of visible sparrows, rather than the total number in the feeder. When two smaller feeders were placed at different distances apart, individuals greater than 1.2 m apart scanned independently of each other.
Special tactics: A Bayesian approach to tactical decision-making

We describe a generative Bayesian model of tactical attacks in strategy games, which can be used both to predict attacks and to take tactical decisions. This model is designed to easily integrate and merge information from other (probabilistic) estimations and heuristics. In particular, it handles uncertainty in enemy units' positions as well as their probable tech tree. We claim that learning, being it supervised or through reinforcement, adapts to skewed data sources. We evaluated our approach on StarCraft1: the parameters are learned on a new (freely available) dataset of game states, deterministically re-created from replays, and the whole model is evaluated for prediction in realistic conditions. It is also the tactical decision-making component of our StarCraft AI competition bot.
Rheological properties of milk gels formed by a combination of rennet and glucono-δ-lactone

The effects of heat treatment of milk, and a range of rennet and glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) concentrations on the rheological properties, at small and large deformation, of milk gels were investigated. Gels were made from reconstituted skim milk at 30 °C, with two levels each of rennet and GDL. Together with controls this gave a total of sixteen gelation conditions, eight for unheated and eight for heated milk. Acid gels made from unheated milks had low storage moduli (G′) of < 20 Pa. Heating milks at 80 °C for 30 min resulted in a large increase in the G′ value of acid gels. Rennet-induced gels made from unheated milk had G′ values in the range ∼ 80–190 Pa. However, heat treatment severely impaired rennet coagulation: no gel was formed at low rennet levels and only a very weak gel was formed at high levels. In gels made with a combination of rennet and GDL unusual rheological behaviour was observed. After gelation, G′ initially increased rapidly but then remained steady or even decreased, and at long ageing times G′ values increased moderately or remained low. The loss tangent (tan δ) of acid gels made from heated milk increased after gelation to attain a maximum at pH ∼ 5·1 but no maximum was observed in gels made from unheated milk. Gels made by a combination of rennet and GDL also exhibited a maximum in tan δ, indicating increased relaxation behaviour of the protein–protein bonds. We suggest that this maximum in tan δ was caused by a loosening of the intermolecular forces in casein particles caused by solubilization of colloidal calcium phosphate. We also suggest that in combination gels made from unheated milk a low value for the fracture stress and a high tan δ during gelation indicated an increased susceptibility of the network to excessive large scale rearrangements. In contrast, combination gels made from heated milk formed firmer gels crosslinked by denatured whey proteins and underwent fewer large scale rearrangements.
Combining probabilistic and non-deterministic choice via weak distributive laws

Combining probabilistic choice and non-determinism is a long standing problem in denotational semantics. From a category theory perspective, the problem stems from the absence of a distributive law of the powerset monad over the distribution monad. In this paper we prove the existence of a weak distributive law of the powerset monad over the finite distribution monad. As a consequence, we retrieve the well-known convex powerset monad as a weak lifting of the powerset monad to the category of convex algebras. We provide applications to the study of trace semantics and behavioral equivalences of systems with an interplay between probability and non-determinism.
Economic Reforms and Corruption in Transition Countries

Whereas the literature on the causes of corruption has ballooned in the last two decades, studies on transition nations are still in their infancy. Attention to transition countries is important because if some factors unique to these nations can be identified, then blanket recommendations for corruption reduction in all countries can be modified to suit transition economies. This paper uses annual data over 1998-2002 for 25 transition economies to study factors that cause corruption. Two different measures of corruption are employed to test the validity of our findings. Among the factors that significantly lower corruption, the degree of economic prosperity, economic freedom and progress toward transition seem most important.
Effect of temperature on the expression of the medionigra phenotype of the moth Panaxia dominula (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

The well-known medionigra polymorphism in the scarlet tiger moth, Panaxia dominula, occupies an unique position in the history of ecological genetics. Year to year changes in phenotype frequency at the Cothill (Oxfordshire) colony were too great to be explained by random genetic drift, and were used as evidence for selection in a prolonged and heated debate between, on one side, E. B. Ford and R. A. Fisher, and on the other, Sewall Wright. Here we report experiments which clearly demonstrate that expression at the medionigra locus is largely determined by temperature. Since the genotype is not necessarily recognizable from the phenotype, the long series of field scored samples from Cothill do not accurately record changes in the medionigra allele frequency from year to year. Hence interpretation of the data as evidence for selection is invalid.
Discrete Dynamics on Noncommunative CW Complexs

The concept of discrete multivalued dynamical systems for noncommutative CW complexes is developed. Stable and unstable manifolds are introduced and their role in geometric and topological configurations of noncommutative CW complexes is studied. Our technique is illustrated by an example on the noncommutative CW complex decomposition of the algebra of continuous functions on two dimensional torus. 2010 MSC: 46L85, 55U10, 54H20, 34D35.
THE ELF TEST: A SIMPLER WAY TO DIAGNOSE AND MANAGE LIVER FIBROSIS AUTHORS: JAMES WILLIAM DAY AND WILLIAM MALCOLM ROSENBERG

Liver disease is a major cause of mortality both globally and in the United Kingdom. The earlier liver fibrosis is detected, the sooner interventions can be implemented, including lifestyle changes and medications. Non-invasive tests (NITs) for liver fibrosis are beginning to augment and replace liver biopsy in liver fibrosis assessment due to their ease of use, lack of complications and reproducibility. The enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test is a blood test that measures three molecules involved in liver matrix metabolism to give a score reflecting the severity of liver fibrosis. We will review the evidence supporting ELF as a diagnostic test, a prognostic marker and its use in disease monitoring. In doing so we will highlight the important role ELF plays in the early recognition of liver fibrosis facilitating timely referral to a liver specialist. The ELF test is useful in primary, secondary and tertiary care; not only allowing earlier diagnosis and more accurate prognosis, but also providing the opportunity to personalize treatment based on the patient’s
Gaseous ozone fungi growth inhibition during controlled storage of naturally contaminated maize (Zea mays) grains

Antifungal properties of ozone (O3) gas were evaluated using 2 2 factorial design in stored naturally contaminated dry (Zea mays L.) maize grains. Three concentrations (20, 40, 60 μmol/mol) and different exposure times (30,105 and180 min) were used for Groups I to III, respectively. The antifungal efficiency of O3 gas was evaluated at day zero and after 30 days of storage, at the lower and upper layers of each experimental silo. The results showed that with the increase of O3 concentration (from 20 to 60 μmol/ mol), a decrease of 2.5×10 (16.2%) and 0.5×10 (3.2%) CFU (colony forming units)/g was noticed in the silo upper and lower layers, respectively. On the other hand, when the ozonation time was increased (from 30 to 180 min) on contaminant mycoflora (Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp.), there was decrease of 1.0×10 (6.5%) and 0.5×10 (3.2%) CFU/g in total fungi load in the upper and lower layers, respectively. The surface response exhibited the maximum of 94.5% of spore inhibition. After 30 days of storage, both treatments were effective. The O3 treated, at day 30 had in the upper layer (1.3×10 CFU/g) and in lower layer (0.4×10 CFU/g), representing spore inactivation of 93.8% (max 97.7%) and 98.1% (max 100%, i.e., NG= no growth) in the upper layer and lower layer, respectively. In this study, spores could be efficiently destroyed by the O3 gas, with 88 and 100% (NG) spore inhibition immediately after application and at day 30 of storage, respectively, under the conditions of 60 μmol/mol and 180 min.
Experience with CONSER: A System for Server Control through Fluid Modeling

Server technology provides a means to support a wide range of online services and applications. However, their ad hoc configuration poses significant challenges to the performance, availability, and economical costs of applications. In this paper, we examine the impact of server configuration on the central trade-off between service performance and availability. First, we present a server model as a nonlinear continuous-time model using fluid approximations. Second, we develop concurrency control on server systems for an optimal configuration. We primarily provide two control laws for two different QoS objectives. AM-C is an availability-maximizing server control that achieves the highest service availability given a fixed performance constraint; and PM-C is a performance-maximizing control law that meets a desired availability target with the highest performance. We then improve the control with two additional multilevel laws. AA-PM-C is an availability-aware performance-maximizing control, and PA-AM-C is a performance-aware availability-maximizing control. In this paper, we present ConSer, a novel system for the control of servers. We evaluate ConSer's fluid model and control techniques on the TPC-C industry-standard benchmark. Our experiments show that the proposed techniques successfully guarantee performance and availability constraints.
The need for research and monitoring on the impacts of translocated sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in South Africa

The sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), is a widespread African freshwater fish species which occurs naturally from the Nile to the Orange River. Through translocation aquaculturists, farmers, anglers and engineers have helped to extend its range into many South African rivers where it did not occur naturally and where it is now an alien invasive species. Being a very hardy fish species it will have a major impact on a range of aquatic, amphibian and avian biota, impacts that should not be under-estimated and which urgently require study. Ironically, the illegal introduction of catfish into some dams has impacted on sport fisheries for another alien: bass. There is also a serious potential impact from alien catfish on freshwater eels. Anglers and farmers need to be educated about the adverse consequences of introducing catfish and a serious look needs to be taken at interbasin transfers of biota by engineers.
Predation on Fish Larvae and Eggs by the Hydromedusa Aequorea victoria at a Herring Spawning Ground in British Columbia

The importance of soft-bodied zooplankton as predators of fish eggs and larvae was examined during March–June, 1983 in Kulleet Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The diet of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria was evaluated by gut content analysis of individually collected specimens. Crustacean zooplankters were eaten in lesser proportion, and larvaceans, fish larvae, hydromedusae, and siphonophores were eaten in greater proportion than their presence in the environment. Numerous herring larvae (Clupea harengus pallasi) were consumed, as well as the larvae of fishes in several other families (primarily Pleuronectidae, Cottidae, Scorpaenidae, Stichaeidae, Pholidae, and Gadidae), and the pelagic eggs of flatfish (Family Pleuronectidae). When herring larvae hatched in mid-March, A. victoria medusae in the bay contained an average of 22 herring larvae each, comprising 48% of all ingested prey. The predation rates on herring and other fish larvae were calculated from the numbers of larvae in A. victoria, the.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BETWEEN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE FAILURE IN SRI LANKA

The study examines the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and the corporate failure of 35 listed firms in Colombo Stock Exchange for the period of 2012 to 2017. The data analysis has employed independent variables that represents board structure and internal controls of corporate governance while dependent variable denoted by probability of financial distress firms. Descriptive statistics is used to estimate the comparative analysis of failed and non-failed firms. A logistic regression analysis is conducted to identify the impact of corporate governance on the corporate failure of listed firms. Accordingly, the results have found board size, CEO Duality, Remuneration of directors, presence of audit committee and outside directors’ ratio have negative effect on the corporate failure of listed firms while audit opinion has positive effect. This research provides an in depth understanding on the degree of effectiveness in corporate governance variables on the corporate failure in the context of Sri Lanka. The findings of the study provide important implications for policy makers, analysts in decision making and policy formulation.
GAMBARAN PEMBERDAYAAN PASIEN GANGGUAN JIWA DI PONDOK PESANTREN NURUSSALAM DEMAK

Treatment for psychiatric patient do not always have to be done in a mental hospital by the help of doctors and nurses as well using chemical drugs. Treatment for psychiatric patients can also be done in other ways, namely by using the means of therapy and empowerment as well as performed in Pondok Pesantren Nurussalam. Empowerment in boarding schools is not done by a doctor or nurse, but it is done by care takers of the boarding schools. This study aimed to describe the process of empowerment of psychiatric patient conducted by Pondok Pesantren Nurussalam. The objects of this research were the soul’s disorders patients and psychiatric patient stewards in Pondok Pesantren Nurussalam. Type of this research was a descriptive qualitative research. The techniques of collecting data used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Qualitative data analysis techniques used concepts from Miles and Hubermen. As the result, the researcher highlights several points i.e 1). The process of inclusion of psychiatric patients in Pondok Pesantren Nurussalam, 2). Placement of psychiatric patients and
Two-Timescale Hybrid Analog-Digital Beamforming for mmWave Full-Duplex MIMO Multiple-Relay Aided Systems

Due to the severe pathloss experienced by electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band, a substantial challenge in their design is to have an adequate coverage area. With the objective of improving the coverage area and the sum rate attained, we conceive new full-duplex (FD) mmWave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple-relay systems. Specifically, we propose a novel two-timescale analog-digital hybrid beamforming scheme for maximizing the sum rate, while reducing the system’s complexity and the channel state information (CSI) signalling overhead, as well as mitigating both the effects of self-interference and that of outdated CSIs caused by the associated delays. In the proposed scheme, the long-timescale analog beamforming matrices are designed based on the available channel statistics and updated in a frame-based manner, where a frame contains a fixed number of time slots. By contrast, the short-timescale digital beamforming matrices are optimized more frequently – namely for each time slot – based on the low-dimensional effective CSI matrices available on a real-time basis. We develop both an efficient analog beamforming algorithm based on the cut-set bound as well as on stochastic successive convex approximation (SSCA) and an innovative digital beamforming algorithm that relies on the theory of penalty dual decomposition (PDD), where our design objective is to maximize the system’s sum rate. Both the convergence properties and the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms are also examined. Our simulation results show that the proposed two-timescale hybrid beamforming design significantly outperforms the conventional beamformers both in terms of requiring a lower CSI-signalling overhead and a higher sum rate in the face of realistic outdated CSIs.
Fault Detection of Reciprocating Compressor Valve Based on One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network

Reciprocating compressors are important equipment in oil and gas industries which closely relate with the healthy development of the enterprise. It is essential to detect the valve fault because valve failures account for 60% in total failures. For this field, an artificial neural network (ANN) is widely used, but a complex network is not suitable for its low accuracy and easy overfitting. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis model of a reciprocating compressor valve based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN). This method takes the differential pressure and differential temperature of each compressor stage as the input of 1DCNN, using the characteristics of the CNN to extract the features and finally using Softmax to classify the fault. In order to verify this method, it is compared with LM-BP, RBF, and BP neural networks. The results show that the fault recognition rate of 1DCNN reaches 100%, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Epilepsy in Elderly Population: A Comprehensive Review

Epilepsy is becoming recognized as a common disorder of the elderly. Within that population, it is the third most common neurological disease, after cerebrovascular disease and dementia. Clinical history and details of the event from carers or relatives is considered as the golden standard for diagnosis. Comorbidities and multiple risk factors are increasingly recognised as an important aetiological and prognostic markers. Older patients most often present with focal seizures, with less prominent auras and automatisms, and longer duration of postictal confusion. Status epilepticus is common and has a high mortality. Inspite of advances in diagnosis, many cases are either misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. Care should be taken when prescribing anticonvulsants in this age group to minimize the drug side effects. The purpose of this review is to focus on epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy in elderly population.
Weakly-Unambiguous Parikh Automata and Their Link to Holonomic Series

We investigate the connection between properties of formal languages and properties of their generating series, with a focus on the class of holonomic power series. We ﬁrst prove a strong version of a conjecture by Castiglione and Massazza: weakly-unambiguous Parikh automata are equivalent to unambiguous two-way reversal bounded counter machines, and their multivariate generating series are holonomic. We then show that the converse is not true: we construct a language whose generating series is algebraic (thus holonomic), but which is inherently weakly-ambiguous as a Parikh automata language. Finally, we prove an eﬀective decidability result for the inclusion problem for weakly-unambiguous Parikh automata, and provide an upper-bound on its complexity. 2012 ACM Subject Classiﬁcation Theory of computation → Formal languages and automata theory; Mathematics of computing → Generating functions
Fate of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in unpasteurized milk stored at 8 °C

Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and verocytotoxins were not found in any of 100 unpasteurized milk samples obtained from the bulk tanks of eight dairy farms located in the Puglia and Basilicata areas. Seven E. coli O157 : H7 (EHEC) strains were inoculated separately into raw milk samples and then examined periodically to determine the fate of EHEC as influenced by the storage temperature (8 °C) and time. There was essentially no change in the viable population of three EHEC strains for up to 14 d. The remaining four strains showed an increase in population from <2 log to 3 log cfu ml−1 in a time period of between 9 and 17 d. The results indicate good survival or even multiplication of E. coli O157 : H7 in raw milk when stored at 8 °C and reaffirm the need for pasteurization and holding the milk at ≤5 °C.
Traces for coalgebraic components

This paper contributes a feedback operator, in the form of a monoidal trace, to the theory of coalgebraic, state-based modelling of components. The feedback operator on components is shown to satisfy the trace axioms of Joyal, Street and Verity. We employ McCurdy's tube diagrams, which are an extension of standard string diagrams for monoidal categories, to represent and manipulate component diagrams. The microcosm principle then yields a canonical ‘inner’ traced monoidal structure on the category of resumptions (elements of final coalgebras/components). This generalises an observation by Abramsky, Haghverdi and Scott.
Body Temperatures of Free-Ranging Platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), with Observations on their Use of Burrows

Body temperatures (T*h) of free-ranging platypuses were monitored by means of radiotelemetry; although fluctuations of up to 2.8°C occurred in some individuals, most T*b measured were close to 32°C, even during immersion in cold water for up to 12 h. Platypuses spent up to 51% of their day foraging in water, and during such activities 71% of the animals studied used more than one particular burrow. One platypus maintained its T*b, while swimming in water of 0°C in a partly frozen river for at least 5 h. The platypus is a competent homeotherm which maintains a constant T*b in the face of the considerable thermal stresses imposed on it during winter in the southern part of its range.