Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Components of leaf elongation rate and their relationship to specific leaf area in contrasting grasses

Summary • In grasses the leaf growth zone is the main site of shoot growth where anatomical and chemical characteristics of leaves originate. Yet, there is insufficient information to generalize as to whether the leaf growth zone reflects habitat characteristics, whether leaf growth traits are regularly interrelated, and whether they coincide with characteristics of mature leaves. • Here the contribution of both length of the leaf growth zone (region where cell division and expansion occurs) and relative elemental growth rate to the variability in leaf elongation rate (LER) were examined in eight grass species from habitats with different soil fertility. Further, we examined the relationship of the above traits with specific leaf area (SLA) and its components. • Growth zone length differed significantly among species (P < 0.05) and it was the trait contributing the most to LER. Using LER and derived components it was possible to classify seven out of eight species into two groups related to soil fertility. Leaf elongation rate exhibited a positive correlation to SLA and a negative correlation to leaf dry matter content. A significant relationship existed between size of the growth zone and leaf dry matter content. • The results suggest that the leaf growth zone is a critically important leaf trait that explains inherent differences in LER and other plant characteristics of grass species.
Studies on the Ecology of the New Zealand Long-finned Eel, Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray

Experimental trapping of eels, using carrion-baited traps, was carried out on a number of rivers of various types throughout New Zealand. Where possible, a mathematical analysis has been applied to the trapping results and an estimate of the efficiency obtained. Total trappable population densities of between 30 and 1,368 lb. /ac. Were found. An attempt has been made to correlate type of river with the population density. The amount of cover present is apparently the limiting factor. The baited trap takes very few eels of less than 24 in. long and is thus not a very efficient means of keeping a stream free from eels. The feeding habits of the eel are generalized and readily adaptable to most faunas. In most rivers trout occurred only infrequently in the stomach contents.
Circadian Rhythms of Melatonin and Sex Steroids in a Nocturnal Bird, Indian Spotted Owlet Athene brama During Reproductively Active and Inactive Phases

The epiphyseal neurohormone melatonin (MEL) exhibits circadian cyclicity, as noted extensively in diurnal vertebrates although very little information is available regarding nocturnal species. We have studied the MEL rhythmicity with 24-hour periodicity in a tropical nocturnal bird, Indian spotted owlet Athene brama, which possesses a well-developed pineal organ. We performed our study during two crucial reproductive phases (active and inactive), when the pineal gland activity in owlet exists in inverse states, i.e., inactive and active respectively. Independent of sex, the circadian rhythm of plasma MEL in owlets showed a two-peak cyclicity with a smaller peak at around 1400 h and the higher one at about 0200 h, while the lowest value was found at 1000 h. The night (0200 h) peak activity of plasma MEL in owlet has a resemblance with the earlier findings in diurnal birds and strongly suggests that independent of species habit the peak activity of MEL is invariably dark dependent. However, the daytime peak.
Mutation Analysis and Deviants with UML-HAZOP

The development of framework for safety critical area, when some an area of a system deviates from the intentions of designer could even be a critical research issue. We apply, HAZOP technique using UML, then, we check the object-oriented design with a fault-free analysis and style. By mutation analysis and HAZOP, we discover a far better optimum result. The mutation method could even be a fault-based testing strategy that measures the quality/adequacy of testing by examining whether the test set (test input data) utilized in testing can reveal certain sorts of faults. This paper describes the UML-HAZOP technique with mutation based operator or analysis. Using this, we discover more and more optimum result and solution, once we design our system with UML.
Measuring and Modeling Information Flow on Social Networks

With the rise of social media, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how individuals inform, influence, and interact with others in their social network and how the network mediates the flow of information. Previous research on information flow has primarily used models of contagion to study the adoption of a technology, propagation of purchase recommendations, or virality of online activity. Social (or “complex”) contagions spread differently than biological (“simple”) contagions. A limitation when researchers validate contagion models is that they neglect much of the massive amounts of data now available through online social networks. Here we model a recently proposed information-theoretic approach to measuring the flow of written information in data. We use an idealized generative model for text data – the quoter model – which naturally incorporates this measure. We investigate how network structure impacts information flow and find that the quoter model exhibits interesting features similar to those of complex contagion. Finally, we offer an analytical treatment of the quoter model: we derive approximate calculations and show dependence on model parameters. This thesis gives rise to new hypotheses about the role of the social network in facilitating information flow, which future research can investigate using real-world data.
An Overview of the Advantages of Digital Flexible Ureteroscopes. A Review by Young Academic Urologists Endourology and Urolithiasis Working Party of the European Association of Urology

Cite this article as: Şener TE, Pietropaolo A, Talso M, Somani B, Tanidir Y, Young Academic Urologists (YAU) “Endourology and Urolithiasis” Working Party. An Overview of the Advantages of Digital Flexible Ureteroscopes. A Review by Young Academic Urologists Endourology and Urolithiasis Working Party of the European Association of Urology. J Urol Surg 2020;7(2):76-82. Correspondence: Tarık Emre Şener, Marmara University Hospital, Clinic of Urology, İstanbul, Turkiye E-mail: dr.emresener@gmail.com ORCID-ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-7680 Received: 10.01. 2020 Accepted: 23.01. 2020 Endoscopic technology is the cream of the crop for the urinary tract endoscopic procedures in our modern era of surgery. The idea of this review was to evaluate different characteristics of fiberoptic (FO), reusable digital (D) and disposable digital flexible ureteroscopes (FUs) and have an understanding of different comparisons in-between. The topics covered in this review comprise the visual characteristics, weight, costs, durability, and maneuverability aspects and size characteristics of different endoscopes. Digital FUs provide various advantages especially in terms of visual quality and durability. The new generation D-FUs also have excellent maneuverability, similar to FO ureteroscopes, but they are larger in size, which in turn can affect morbidity due to increased post-operative stenting and increased complication risk with larger ureteral access sheat and they come with higher costs. Many endourologists may prefer to use these high-tech, sophisticated devices as first line for their flexible ureteroscopy procedures as they provide excellent surgical outcomes. However, due to excellent maneuverability advantages in complicated anatomies, smaller sizes and lower costs, endourologists should always try to keep a FO FU ready for action in their operating rooms.
Dimeric TNFR-Fc Decreasing in the Later Time of CHO Cell Culture

Recombinant human Tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc (TNFR-Fc) is a recombination protein which is expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. And the dimeric TNFR-Fc is desirable. In order to detect the component of culture production, we collected the cultural medium of recombinant CHO cell at 37°C. Then used Protein A column to purify the crude sample followed by detecting the percentage of dimeric TNFR-Fc fusion protein through SEC-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. And TNFR-Fc productivity was measured by ELISA. During the later period of CHO cell culture, CHO cell viability went down which meant cell living condition becoming unsuitable. Although the productivity of TNFR-Fc continued to increase, the percentage of dimeric TNFR-Fc decreased at the same time. After protein A column affinity purification, the production contained three parts, namely polymeric and dimeric TNFR-Fc as well as TNFR-Fc digestion.
Total Factor Productivity Growth of Rice and Maize in Andhra Pradesh, India

This paper examines the trends in rice and maize productivity growth in Andhra Pradesh. A nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) programming method is used to compute Malmquist productivity indices. For study, time-series data on cost of cultivation of selected crops were collected from the reports of Commission on Agricultural Costs and Prices for the period 1996-97 to 2014-15. The results revealed that the decomposition of the TFPch for the corresponding years into EFFch and TECHch revealed that 48.8 per cent increase in TFPch was due to improvement in the technology used. The EFFch did not affect the TFPch in overall study period i.e., there was no catching up. For the maize, the highest improvement in the performance was observed in the year 1998-99 where the TFPch was 115.9 per cent and the entire improvement was due to TECHch. This implied that there was significant improvement in the “innovation” in this year. K e y w o r d s
On new solutions for heat transfer in a visco-elastic fluid between parallel plates

The steady, laminar flow of a third grade fluid with heat transfer through a flat channel is studied. We propose and apply a successive linearisation method (SLM) and an improved spectral-homotopy analysis method (ISHAM), to obtain approximate analytical solutions for the velocity and temperature profiles. The methods are primarily based on blending non-perturbation techniques with Chebyshev spectral methods to produce efficient algorithms for solving highly nonlinear systems. The effects of the Brinkman number, pressure gradient and the non-Newtonian parameter on the velocity, temperature, skin friction and heat transfer coefficients are discussed. Exact solutions are also constructed and compared with the SLM and ISHAM solutions. Key–Words: Viscoelastic flow, heat transfer flow, linearisation method, improved spectral-homotopy analysis method, nonlinear BVPs
Exploring Individual Differences and Flow in Web 2.0 Services

Using flow theory as our foundation, we empirically tested the impact of three personality traits on the level of flow state experience and three user-generated content (UGC) usage types. Findings indicate that extroversion is positively related to the use of UGCs for entertainment, and negatively related to the use of UGCs for communication and information; neuroticism is positively related to the use of UGCs for entertainment and communication; and psychoticism is negatively related to the use of UGCs for information. In addition, only extroversion has an influence on flow, which is positive, and flow has a positive influence on UGC usage for entertainment and communication. This study extends flow theory by exploring antecedents and outcomes of the flow state experience
Experimental Investigation on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Retrofitted with NSM-SMA/FRP

Re-centering is an exclusive characteristic of superelastic Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) which can be used in manufacturing and retrofitting of reinforced concrete elements. Reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with SMA bars have more ductility and higher energy dissipation compared to conventional RC beams. Furthermore, these beams experience less damage in consecutive loading-unloading cycles. The current research aims to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with SMA bars using Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) flexural retrofitting method. Eleven RC beam specimens with the cross section of 200*150 mm and length of 1150 mm were cast. Three of the specimens had no external strengthening, four of them were retrofitted with SMA bars and other four beams were retrofitted with GFRP reinforcements. The specimens were subjected to three-point bending test under either monastic or loading-unloading. Different parameters including load-carrying capacity, energy dissipation, deformation recovery and reduction capability of crack width were investigated. The results showed that RC beams retrofitted with SMA bars had more mid-span deflection and higher energy dissipation compared to other specimens under monotonic loading. Moreover, under loading-unloading, RC beams retrofitted with SMA bars method experienced less damage. Review History: Received: 6 January 2018 Revised: 6 March 2018 Accepted: 10 March 2018 Available Online: 9 April 2018
Screening of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Phytochemicals Composition of Various Plant Parts of Cichorium Intybus

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential as well as the phytochemical composition of root, seed and leaves of Cichoriumintybus. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by detecting the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical scavenging potent of the constituents found in various plant parts of Cichorium intybus,whereas for analyzing in-vitro antimicrobial activity, agar well diffusion method has been opted. The antimicrobial activity of plant was tested against both pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic species of bacteria by analyzing the corresponding inhibition zone exhibited by various extracts of plant parts against the bacterial growth. Apart from this, the present study also involves the quantitative phytochemical evaluation of total ascorbic acid in root, seed and leaves of Cichoriumintybus. The antioxidant potential of the plant was found to be comparatively lower in seed and leaves of plant than in root in accordance to the determined IC50 value . From the antimicrobial activity analysis, it was concluded that majority of times the non-polar extracts of all plant parts were found to be more effective in inhibiting growth of bacteria. Most significant activity has been exhibited against gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ascorbic acid content in plant was found in the range of 2.253±0.867 to 12.594±2. 05μg/ml. From the results of the conducted research, the importance of plant as an antimicrobial and anti-oxidative agent has been established. So, the plant can further be introduced as a potential drug for herbal medicine in the treatment of human disorders. Keyword: Cichorium intybus, Antioxidant, DPPH, Agar Well Diffusion Assay, Ascorbic Acid
LYNGBYA SP. AS A BIOSORBENT FOR NICKEL AND CADMIUM IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) ppm of both Nickel and Cadmium were depended to expose Lyngbya sp. to them, in order to test it ability to be as absorbent for Nickel and Cadmium. The results do not appear a good efficiency to remove Ni from aqueous solutions by the alga, where higher percentage 30% in the sixth day for 1and 3 ppm and in the fourth day for 5 ppm. The higher mean value of removal percentage of Nickel was 25% which recorded in 3ppm. However , the results of Cadmium do not showed the better ,because the higher percentage was 54% for 5 ppm was recorded after one day from exposure , moreover the mean of the percentage (22.5 ,16.25,8.33, 6.25 and 40%) for the concentrations 1,2,3,4 and 5 ppm, respectively. Overall, lyngbya sp. does not appear a good efficiency to remove both Nickel and Cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Many explanations were mentioned in this paper, but as a conclusion and most accepted explanations includes, that the properties of secondary metabolites in nature are not completely understood.
Detection of Copy-Move Forgery in Digital Images Using Scale Invariant Feature Transform Algorithm and the Spearman Relationship

: Increased popularity of digital media and image editing software has led to the spread of multimedia content forgery for various purposes. Undoubtedly, law and forensic medicine experts require trustworthy and non-forged images to enforce rights. Copy-move forgery is the most common type of manipulation of digital images. Copy-move forgery is used to hide an area of the image or to repeat a portion in the same image. In this paper, a method is presented for detecting copy-move forgery using the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm. The spearman relationship and ward clustering algorithm are used to measure the similarity between key-points, also to increase the accuracy of forgery detection. This method is invariant to changes such as rotation, scale change, deformation, and light change; it falls into the category of blind forgery detection methods. The experimental results show that with its high resistance to apparent changes, the proposed method correctly detects 99.56 percent of the forged images in the dataset and reveals the forged areas.
Approximations to wave scattering by steep topography

This paper describes a method for approximating the scattering of linear surface gravity waves on water of varying depth in two dimensions. The essential difficulty in the scattering problem is the application of the Neumann condition, representing zero normal flow, on a bed profile of general shape. Fitz-Gerald (1976) showed that this difficulty is removed by conformally mapping the fluid domain into a strip of uniform width in such a way that the bed transforms into a coordinate line. The mapping therefore allows the bed condition to be satisfied exactly, but it complicates the free surface condition by introducing a variable coefficient there. However, this coefficient is relatively slowly-varying for steep and even discontinuous bed profiles, a feature exploited by Evans & Linton (1994), who used a piece-wise constant approximation of the transformed free surface condition to obtain accurate solutions in a number of test problems. Here we take a different approach and, by analogy with the mild-slope approach familiar for slowly-varying bed profiles in the original problem, we seek an approximate solution of the transformed problem in the form of a slowly-modulating propagating wave. Optimising the use of this approximation by means of a variational principle leads to a second order ordinary differential equation for the amplitude of the modulated wave. The differential equation can be solved numerically and also analytically, in the form of a rapidly convergent infinite series that leads to simple explicit formulae for the scattered wave amplitudes. Fitz-Gerald (1976), who used an integral equation method to solve the transformed problem, demonstrated that the approach has wide applicability by presenting several families of mappings covering a range of bedforms. The approach described here is even more versatile, as small amplitude and slow variations about the topography that is transformed can be incorporated by a straightforward extension of the theory.
The impact of predation by the copepod Mesocyclops edax (Forbes) on zooplankton in three lakes in Ontario, Canada

On the basis of feeding experiments made at natural prey densities, the amount of prey consumed daily by the population of the predatory cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops edax was estimated for three Ontario lakes in which this predator was a dominant component of zooplankton (relative abundance from 18 to 58%). The percent of the total number of zooplankters consumed daily by this predator ranged from 8.6 to 13.6%.
A noteworthy presentation on plain abdominal film: a case of chronic pancreatitis with calcified pseudocyst

1 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2 Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 4 Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Advantages of Database Management System in Cloud Infrastructure.

The challenge of building consistent, available, and scalable data management systems capable of serving peta bytes of data for millions of users has confronted the data management research community as well as large internet enterprises . A Cloud database management system is a distributed database that delivers computing as a service instead of a product. It is the sharing of resources, software, and information between multiple devices over a network which is mostly the internet. It is expected that this number will grow significantly in the future. As a result, there is a growing interest in outsourcing database management tasks to third parties that can provide these tasks for much lower cost due to the economy of scale just like putting it into the cloud. The cloud is used as a storage location and database can be accessed and computed from anywhere. The large number of web application makes the use of distributed storage solution in order to scale up. It enables user to outsource the resource and services to the third party server . In this paper, we discuss the recent trend in cloud service based on database management system and offering it as one of the services in cloud. We also proposed an architecture of cloud based on database management system.
Shape From Tracing Report

The following is a supplemental research report regarding the individual contribution of the present author to the paper Shape from Tracing: Reconstructing 3D Object Geometry and SVBRDF Material from Images via Differentiable Path Tracing [1]. As this work is, as of yet, unpublished, the following includes abbreviated elements for context and older results. One may refer to the footnotes for details regarding individual contribution which mainly entail material reconstruction. In this preliminary work, we explore the capability of differentiable path tracing for inverse rendering. We present a full pipeline for reconstruction of 3D geometry and texture from a series of 2D images all while capturing complex physically-based phenomena through global illumination.
A Synchronous Reference Frame Theory-Space Vector Modulation (SRF – SPVM) based Active Power Filter for Mitigation of Current Harmonics in Distribution System

This paper presents a shunt active filter for non-linear loads and unbalanced non-linear loads designed to minimize the harmonics present in the three phase three wire system. Due to the large proliferation of power electronic control systems in our day to day life, the switching of these power electronic circuits induces harmonics in the source which causes undesirable effects on the electrical components. Shunt active filter is a harmonic mitigating device comprising of voltage source inverter fed through a DC capacitor. The control strategy is based on extraction of harmonics using synchronous reference frame theory. The extracted harmonics are used to generate PWM signals using the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) for the voltage source inverter (VSI) which has reduced losses. The proposed method has been modeled and simulated using Matlab / Simulink and the output shows that the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the supply has been reduced at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC).