Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disproportionate Loss of CA4 Parvalbumin‐immunoreactive Interneurons in Patients with Ammon's Horn Sclerosis

We studied differences in the number and morphology of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) interneurons in 43 hippocampal specimens from patients with classical Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy, as compared with 14 autopsy and non-AHS surgical control specimens. PV-IR neuronal loss in the AHS specimens varied significantly from that expected based on overall AHS-associated pyramidal and granule neuron loss. Most striking was the loss of PV-IR interneurons in CA4 of the AHS specimens, which was 12 times greater than AHS-associated pyramidal neuron loss, and significantly exceeded the PV-IR interneuron loss observed in the other sectors of the hippocampus. In addition, the PV-IR interneurons in the AHS specimens had markedly smaller and less defined cell bodies and shortened and simplified dendritic arbors compared with the PV-IR interneurons in the control specimens. Other differences noted in the AHS specimens included prominent dendritic varicosities; the loss or interruption of a band formed by PV-IR terminals in the dentate gyrus; and the virtual absence of a small, intensely staining PV-IR interneuron with a short, exuberant dendritic arbor that was readily identified in the autopsy specimens. We discuss these findings in relationship to the development of classical AHS and complex partial seizures (CPS).
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli and allied species from human, monkeys and other sylvatic mammals of the Brazilian Amazon disclosed a new group and a species-specific marker

We characterized 14 trypanosome isolates from sylvatic mammals (9 from primates, 1 from sloth, 2 from anteaters and 2 from opossum) plus 2 human isolates of Brazilian Amazon. These isolates were proven to be Trypanosoma rangeli by detection of metacyclic trypomastigotes in the salivary glands of triatomines and by a specific PCR assay. Polymorphism determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed that most (12) of the Brazilian T. rangeli isolates from the Amazon differed from those of other geographical regions, thus constituting a new group of T. rangeli. Four Brazilian isolates clustered together with a previously described group (A) that was described as being composed of being isolates from Colombia and Venezuela. Isolates from Panama and El Salvador form another group. The isolate from Southern Brazil did not cluster to any of the above-mentioned groups. This is the first study that assesses the genetic relationship of a large number of isolates from wild mammals, especially from non-human primates. A randomly-amplified DNA fragment (Tra625) exclusive to T. rangeli was used to develop a PCR assay able to detect all T. rangeli groups.
Black-White Differences in Schooling Investment and Human Capital Production in Segregated Schools

The lower level of school quality available for blacks relative to whites in the segregated era is frequently cited as a primary cause for the currently observed gap in black-white average wages. The inferior education provided to black children is argued to have caused lower levels of human capital production in black schools than white schools. The gap in black-white wages can be traced to this gap in human capital. Similarly, the convergence in black-and-white average wages during the 1960's and 1970's may be explained by the steady convergence in black-and-white school quality and attendance that began in the 1940's.1 Given the presumed importance of school quality differences in explaining both the existence of and the changes in black-white wage differentials, little is known about the human capital production process in the segregated schools. While studies of educational production processes exist, virtually all cover periods following the 1954 Supreme Court ruling against "separate-but-equal" schools. We therefore have no direct evidence regarding the extent to which differences in black-white school characteristics may explain the differences in human capital investment and production between blackand-white children in the segregated era.2 The objective of this paper is to present an econometric analysis of the determinants of achievement (measured by test scores) and attendance in black-and-white segregated schools, utilizing data from Maryland grade schools from 1924 through 1938. The results show that black-white differences in school characteristics explain virtually all of the differences in school attendance between black-and-white children in the period. Second, the determinants of achievement in black-and-white schools were not statistically different. This implies that, had school quality been equalized between blacks and whites, their school achievement would have been more equal, and the remaining differences in student achievement would have been due to other factors such as differences in socioeconomic backgrounds. Differences
Modeling the calcium and phosphate mineralization of American lobster cuticle1

Bottom-up modeling of American lobster (Homarus americanus) cuticle explains architecture and function ab initio, from first principles, starting with synthesis of component polymers and progressively building composite structure that should explain observed properties. A top-down perspective decomposes the lobster cuticle starting at the top level of structural complexity and function aiming to descend to the finest detail. Both approaches aim to ultimately model the same cuticle structure. Current bottom-up models of the cuticle do not succeed in explaining key structural and functional detail identified by top-down approaches. Top-down identified structures and associated functions are valuable as bases for potential vulnerabilities to microbial attack. An immediate objective is to inform the bottom-up approach of top-down identified model components critical to cuticle function. Top-down features include detail of protein expression and mineral heterogeneity and their function in observed structures.
Mowat-Wilson syndrome

MWS is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, first clinically delineated by Mowat et al in 1998. Over 45 cases have now been reported. All patients have typical dysmorphic features in association with severe intellectual disability, and nearly all have microcephaly and seizures. Congenital anomalies, including Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), congenital heart disease, hypospadias, genitourinary anomalies, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and short stature are common. The syndrome is the result of heterozygous deletions or truncating mutations of the ZFHX1B (SIP1) gene on chromosome 2q22.
Application of the 50-mer Oligonucleotide Arrays Hybridization for Profiling Microbial Community in Acid Mine Drainage Sediment

Microbial community compositions and functional activities of three acid mine drainage (AMD) sediment samples from different sites in Dexing copper mine were analyzed by 50- mer oligonucleotide arrays which have been constructed and evaluated. The results showed that microbial community was composed of 15 different genus or species, including Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A. ferrooxidans), Leptospirillum sp. , Acidiphilum spp. , Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidobacteria, Acidithiobacillus caldus, Sulfobacillus sp. , Desulfovibrio longus, Syntrophus sp. , metallosphaera, Alicyclobacillus spp. , Holophaga sp. , Sulfolobus sp. , Thiomonas spp. and Actinomyces naeslundii. Acidiphilum was abundant in three samples, for the anaerobic environment of sediment could inhibited aerobic bacteria, such as A. ferrooxidans. Heterotrophic Acidiphilium is able to catalyze the dissimilatory reduction of ferric iron to ferrous even in the presence of small amounts of oxygen. Among all the samples, the diversity was high in samples (site YTW and ZJ) containing low pH while the diversity was low in sample (site KZX) containing very high pH. Microarray hybridization data indicated that iron metabolism functional gene, Sulfur metabolism functional gene and metal-resistance gene and other genes existed in the AMD system. At all samples examined, microbial community and function activities were positively correlated with pH.
Improved Drug Distribution using Rapid Short-Pulse ( RaSP ) Sequences In Vivo to Open the Blood-Brain Barrier

One third of the worldwide disease burden – number of years lost due to disease – is caused by brain diseases, such as dementia, Parkinson’s and brain cancer (DiLuca and Olesen 2014). With an aging population, this burden is expected to rise. Despite the global effort to develop new treatments, there are still no effective drugs for these diseases. One of the major reasons for the lack of successful therapies is that the majority of drugs cannot enter the brain due to the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) (Lu et al 2014). A promising solution to this problem is the use of focused ultrasound and microbubbles to locally and noninvasively open the BBB so that therapeutic agents can enter the brain (Hynynen et al 2001). Since its inception, ultrasound technology has been shown to deliver a range of drugs across the BBB (Burgess et al 2015). However, several underlying factors, such as concerns of efficacy and safety, have prevented its clinical translation in human patients (Baseri et al 2010, Choi et al 2007, Pouliopoulos et al 2016). We have previously shown that current ultrasound technology produces a poor drug distribution and damages arteries (Choi et al 2010). This efficacy-safety limit is likely a result of the use of conventional ultrasound pulse shapes and sequences, which have poor control over cavitation dynamics, generating a mixture of desired and undesired cavitation activity (Choi and Coussios 2012). We have recently developed and tested a new low pressure rapid short-pulse (RaSP) sequence in vitro, designed to promote the desired cavitation activity in the correct location (Pouliopoulos et al 2016). This new sequence will be evaluated here for its ability to improve the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to the brain in vivo.
Performance analysis of on-chip bufferless router with multi-ejection ports

In general, the bufferless NoC router has only one local output port for ejection, which may lead to multiple arriving flits competing for the only one output port. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable bufferless router in which the number of ejection ports can be configured as 2, 3 and 4. Simulation results demonstrate that the average packet latency of the routers with multi-ejection ports is 18%, 10%, 6%, 14%, 9% and 7% on average less than that of the router with 1 ejection ports under six synthetic workloads respectively. For application workloads, the average packet latency of the router with more than two ejection ports is slightly better than the router with only one ejection port, which can be neglect. Making a compromise of hardware cost and performance, it can be concluded that it is no need to implement bufferless routers with 3 and 4 ejection ports, as the router with 2 ejection ports can achieve almost the same performance as the routers with 3 and 4 ejection ports.
Different Mechanisms for Pseudouridine Formation in Yeast 5S and 5.8S rRNAs

ABSTRACT The selection of sites for pseudouridylation in eukaryotic cytoplasmic rRNA occurs by the base pairing of the rRNA with specific guide sequences within the RNA components of box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs). Forty-four of the 46 pseudouridines (Ψs) in the cytoplasmic rRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been assigned to guide snoRNAs. Here, we examine the mechanism of Ψ formation in 5S and 5.8S rRNA in which the unassigned Ψs occur. We show that while the formation of the Ψ in 5.8S rRNA is associated with snoRNP activity, the pseudouridylation of 5S rRNA is not. The position of the Ψ in 5.8S rRNA is guided by snoRNA snR43 by using conserved sequence elements that also function to guide pseudouridylation elsewhere in the large-subunit rRNA; an internal stem-loop that is not part of typical yeast snoRNAs also is conserved in snR43. The multisubstrate synthase Pus7 catalyzes the formation of the Ψ in 5S rRNA at a site that conforms to the 7-nucleotide consensus sequence present in other substrates of Pus7. The different mechanisms involved in 5S and 5.8S rRNA pseudouridylation, as well as the multiple specificities of the individual trans factors concerned, suggest possible roles in linking ribosome production to other processes, such as splicing and tRNA synthesis.
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections: Three families with early‐onset ascending and descending aortic dissections in women

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms leading to type A dissections can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with variable age of onset and decreased penetrance, primarily in women. Three families are described with autosomal dominant inheritance of either ascending aortic aneurysms leading to type A dissections or type B dissections, and a young age of onset of aortic dissections in both men and women. Pedigree analysis suggests that a de novo mutation is responsible for the disease in one family. The discordant age of onset of aortic disease in a monozygotic twin pair in a different family indicates that environmental or stochastic factors may influence the variable expression of disease. Genetic analysis of one family excluded linkage to known loci for TAAD (TAAD1, TAAD2, FAA1, or FBN1) and sequence analysis failed to identify mutations in TGFBR2, the gene encoding transforming growth factor beta receptor type II. Thus, a novel unidentified loci may be responsible for the phenotype in these three families. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time dependency of factors affecting renal allograft survival.

The function of renal transplants can deteriorate at any time posttransplant, but the risks and mechanisms may differ at different times posttransplant. Survival of 522 consecutive cadaveric renal transplant recipients followed for at least 6 mo were analyzed, with patient death censored. The overall risk factors in univariate analysis were acute rejection requiring antibody therapy (AR), delayed graft function, elevated serum creatinine at 6 mo, high panel-reactive antibodies, and donor age > or =55 yr, with borderline effects of recipient age and female gender. These risks were studied in each of three intervals posttransplantation: < or =6 mo, 6 mo to 5 yr, and >5 yr. Of the 135 graft failures, 53 occurred < or =6 mo, 61 between 6 mo and 5 yr, and 21 beyond 5 yr. By multivariate analysis. the risks for graft failure in interval < or =6 mo were AR (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.86, P < 0.001); delayed graft function (HR = 1.47, P = 0.06): and high panel-reactive antibodies (HR = 2.04, P = 0.0(3). Between 6 mo and 5 yr, the risks for graft loss were AR (HR = 2.87, P < 0.001) and serum creatinine at 6 mo > or =150 micromol/L (HR = 3.69, P < 0.001). Beyond 5 yr the risk factors were donor age > or =55 yr (HR = 5.87, P = 0.002), with a borderline effect of kidneys from female donors (HR = 2.28, P = 0.07). HLA-A, -B, and -DR matching and presensitization had most of their effect through early AR and impaired function. The results indicate that risks for graft loss are time-dependent: early losses correlate with injury and rejection, but late events correlate with donor age and possibly workload.
Airway Management of the Critically Ill Patient: Modifications of Traditional Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation

Discussion about airway management is common amongst clinicians involved in critical care, regardless of background. The technique of rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSI) was described in 1970 and there are many accepted variations in modern day practice. Sadly this can lead to difficulty, particularly in the event of an airway misadventure, as clinicians may be subject to post hoc critique from expert opinion in other disciplines, and often held to a ‘standard’ of RSI that no longer exists. Experts may differ in opinions, and expertise in one arena may not translate to another. This paper outlines the variations in RSI practice and the rationale for deviation. Such discussion is necessary, as expert opinion referring to a ‘standard’ RSI may be inappropriate for the critically ill patient, exposing practitioners to medico-legal risk. Acknowledgement of variations in RSI practice allows the development of institutional procedures, with potential for future consensus recommendations guided by both published studies and expert opinion.
Practical Data Synthesis for Large Samples

We describe results on the creation and use of synthetic data that were derived in the context of a project to make synthetic extracts available for users of the UK Longitudinal Studies. A critical review of existing methods of inference from large synthetic data sets is presented. We introduce new variance estimates for use with large samples of completely synthesised data that do not require them to be generated from the posterior predictive distribution derived from the observed data and can be used with a single synthetic data set. We make recommendations on how to synthesise data based on these results. The practical consequences of these results are illustrated with an example from the Scottish Longitudinal Study.
Methods for imaging the structure and function of living tissues and cells: 1. Optical coherence tomography

This is the first in a series of review articles which aim to present a concise and systematic overview of the principles, limitations, advantages, and uses of some of the more important recently developed techniques capable of imaging living histology. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now an established optical biopsy method, imaging 2–3 mm into opaque tissue. It is analogous to optical ‘ultrasound’ but has an outstanding resolution, being capable of imaging single cells in the intact animal via a surface, intravascular or endoscopic approach. Both two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) image datasets can be acquired and studied over time (4D imaging) in the live animal or human subject without the need to remove tissue or perform any tissue processing or staining. It has been used in ophthalmology, gastrointestinal tract (GI) studies, gynaecological tract investigation, and endovascular imaging, to name but a few areas. A degree of differential tissue contrast information can also be gleaned, since different tissue components give different OCT reflectivity signals such that adipose, muscle, collagen, and elastic components may all be resolved without staining. Continuing developments include faster data acquisition for real‐time recording and Doppler OCT for more functional imaging. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Electrocardiography and prediction of myocardial damage in patients with acute pulmonary embolism].

UNLABELLED Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) may lead to myocardial necrosis detected by elevation of cardiac troponin levels. We tried to assess, if electrocardiographic abnormalities may help to define APE patients with myocardial damage and at high risk of complicated clinical course. Therefore we analyzed 50 patients (34F) aged 64.6 +/- 16.9 with confirmed APE. On admission 12-lead standard ECG was recorded and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was determined quantitatively (Roche). Serum cTnT levels > 0.01 ng/ml, regarded to indicate myocardial injury, were detected in 29 (58%) patients. ST segment depression in ECG was found in 24% of all patients and was more frequent in cTnT + then in group without myocardial injury (41.4% vs 0%, p=0.004). Complicated clinical course and death in acute pulmonary embolism were also more frequently observed in group with ST segment depression (47.1% vs 12.1%, p = 0.03 and 75.0% vs 14.3%, p = 0.02 respectively). Although negative T waves were slightly more frequent in patients with elevated serum troponin T level (65.5% vs 42.9%) and in patients, who died of pulmonary embolism (62.5% vs 54.8%), the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION ST segment depression detected in standard ECG in patients with APE suggests myocardial injury and may indicate unfavourable clinical course.
Improved models and algorithms for UMTS radio planning

Classical coverage models based on signal predictions, adopted for second generation cellular systems, are not suitable for planning the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) base station location since the area actually covered by each base station depends on the traffic distribution, the power control mechanism as well as the signal quality constraints. In a previous paper Amaldi, Capone and Malucelli (see. Proceedings of IEEE VTC Spring 2001, 2001) presented a discrete optimization model for the UMTS base station location problem. In this paper we propose enhanced models which consider the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) as quality measure and capture at different levels of detail the specific power control mechanism of the CDMA air interface. Moreover, we propose a tabu search algorithm for the uplink (mobile to base station) direction. The different models and algorithms are compared on realistic instances generated using classical propagation models.
PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL COMO DIGNIDADE CULTURAL: DECLARAÇÃO SOBRE AS RESPONSABILIDADES DAS GERAÇÕES PRESENTES EM RELAÇÃO ÀS GERAÇÕES FUTURAS

Este artigo pretende analisar a relevância do patrimonio cultural por meio do pensamento do filosofo contemporâneo Hans Jonas a luz do Principio Responsabilidade desdobrado a partir do Imperativo Categorico de Immanuel Kant, no que tange a dignidade da pessoa humana, ao instituir, em esfera internacional e nacionalmente. O meio ambiente cultural, interpretado pelo Direito Ambiental consagra um patrimonio cultural multifacetario e traz referencia a identidade e a memoria dos povos, uma vez que e um bem de interesse da coletividade e a salvaguarda de responsabilidade da humanidade em vista das futuras geracoes, visando a sadia qualidade de vida. A ausencia de um meio ambiente equilibrado interviria na dignidade humana, consequentemente, na dignidade cultural tambem.
Comparison of API 50 CH Strips to Whole-Chromosomal DNA Probes for Identification of Lactobacillus Species

ABSTRACT The API 50 CH identification system was evaluated for the identification of 97 strains of commensal lactobacilli. This system agreed with the species-level identifications for none of the 7 reference strains and only 4 of 90 vaginal isolates identified using whole-chromosomal DNA probes.