Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beneficial Effect of U-74389 G and Sildenafil in An Experimental Model of Flap Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Swine. Histological and Biochemical Evaluation of the Model

Abstract Purpose of the study: Tissue reconstruction after burns, tumor excisions, infections or injuries is a frequent surgical challenge to avoid Ischemia-reperfusion injury. Lazaroids and sildenafil, through their mechanisms of action, have been studied for their protective effects on various organs subjected to IRI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of U-74389G and sildenafil in a swine model of ischemia and reperfusion injury of latissimus dorsi flap. Materials and methods: Forty-two Landrace male pigs, weighing 28–35 kg, were equally (n = 6) randomized into the following groups: (a) Group I: control, (b) Group II: administration of U-74389G after ischemia, (c) Group III: administration of sildenafil after ischemia, (d) Group IV: administration of U-74389G and sildenafil after ischemia, (e) Group V: administration of U-74389G prior to ischemia, (f) Group VI: administration of sildenafil prior to ischemia, and (g) Group VII: administration of U-74389G and sildenafil prior to ischemia. Blood and tissue sampling was conducted before ischemia, 15 and 30 min after occlusion, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after reperfusion. Results: Statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) was detected in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes concentrations as well as in the appearance of edema after histopathologic evaluation of the ischemic tissue, especially in the groups of combined treatment. Measurements of malondialdeyde and tumour necrosis factor alpha in tissues revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) of these markers in the treatment groups when compared to the control, particularly in the latest estimated timepoints. Conclusions: The synergistic action of U-74389G and sildenafil seems protective and promising in cases of flap IRI during tissue reconstruction surgery.
Análise ambiental do Parque Urbano Ipiranga em Anápolis-GO pelo método de preços hedônicos

Os parques contribuem para preservacao dos recursos ambientais, com o aumento da dependencia da sociedade sobre os bens e servicos ambientais, crescem tambem os instrumentos de mercado que se baseiam na conservacao destes bens. Nesta perspectiva, destacamos dois metodos, o Metodo Precos Hedonicos que e utilizado principalmente em mercados. E o Metodo Valoracao Contingente que propoe um mercado hipotetico para estimar o valor monetario de bens e servicos ambientais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho e, atraves da aplicacao do Metodo dos Precos Hedonicos, valorar o Parque Ambiental Ipiranga e comparar com os resultados do Metodo de Valoracao Contingente. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa, pretende-se contribuir para melhor alocacao de investimento no parque para preservacao e manutencao de sua infraestrutura e dos beneficios advindos. O metodo utilizado foi o descritivo, quali-quantitativo. Foram aplicados 223 questionarios entre os meses de Abril e Junho no bairro Jundiai. O estudo apontou uma desvalorizacao de R$ 23,78 reais, no valor do seu m² a medida que se distancia do parque, e na comparacao o MVC obteve um valor superior ao MPH, tendo como resultado, respectivamente R$ 10.291. 781,25 e R$ 6.790. 936,60.
A role for bone marrow–derived cells in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetes mellitus causes systemic disorders. We previously demonstrated that diabetic condition forced bone marrow–derived cells (BMDCs) to express TNF‐α, leading to the development of diabetic neuropathy in mice. Here, we hypothesized that these abnormal BMDCs are also involved in diabetic nephropathy. To test our hypothesis, mice were irradiated to receive total bone marrow (BM) from the transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein before diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Confocal microscopy showed that the diabetic glomerulus had more BMDCs compared with the nondiabetic glomerulus. Most of these cells exhibited endothelial phenotypes, being negative for several markers, including podocin (a maker of podocyte), α8 integrin (mesangial cell), CD68, and F4/80 (macrophage). Next, the total BM of diabetic mice was transplanted into nondiabetic mice to examine if diabetic BM per se could cause glomerular injury. The recipient mice exhibiting normal glycemia developed albuminuria and mesangial expansion with an increase in capillary area. The number of BMDCs increased in the glomerulus of the recipient mice. These cells were found to exhibit the endothelial phenotype and to express TNF‐α. These data suggest that diabetic BMDCs per se could initiate glomerular disease. Finally, eNOS knockout mice were used to examine if residential endothelial injury could attract BMDCs into the glomerulus. However, endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS deficiency failed to attract BMDCs into the glomerulus. In summary, BMDCs may be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. —Nobuta, H. , Katagi, M. , Kume, S. , Terashima, T. , Araki, S. , Maegawa, H. , Kojima, H. , Nakagawa, T. A role for bone marrow‐derived cells in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J. 33, 4067–4076 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Insight into binding mechanisms of EGFR allosteric inhibitors using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain mutations are a common cause of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major subtype of lung cancers. Patients harboring most of these mutations respond well to the EGFR inhibitors Gefitinib and Erlotinib initially, but soon develop resistance to them due to the emergence of the gatekeeper mutation T790M. The new-generation inhibitors such as AZD9291, HM61713, CO-1686 and WZ4002 can overcome T790M through covalent binding to Cys 797, but ultimately lose their efficacy upon the emergence of the C797S mutation that abolishes the covalent bonding. Allosteric inhibitors EAI001 and EAI045 are a new type of EGFR inhibitors that bind to EGFR away from the ATP-binding site and not relying on Cys 797. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were carried out on EAI001 and EAI045 in complex with EGFR, revealing the detailed inhibitory mechanism of EAI001 and EAI045 as EGFR allosteric inhibitor, which was expected to provide a basis for rational drug design of the EGFR allosteric inhibitors. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
From Lurking to Participatory Spectatorship: Understanding Affordances of the Dota 2 Noob Stream

From investigations in online learning and virtual communities, peripheral observation or “lurking” has been framed as an active process in which learners align themselves with the practices and discourses of a community. In this paper, we further develop the notion of lurking in informal computer-mediated contexts, focusing on competitive gaming communities, where games are marked for the steep learning curves and players demonstrate an extended commitment toward mastery. In this descriptive case study, we leverage new perspectives on routes to participation in order illustrate participatory spectatorship as integral in not only the act of becoming a player but also in learning the discourses and practices of a larger gaming enterprise.
Atlases of cognition with large-scale human brain mapping

To map the neural substrate of mental function, cognitive neuroimaging relies on controlled psychological manipulations that engage brain systems associated with specific cognitive processes. In order to build comprehensive atlases of cognitive function in the brain, it must assemble maps for many different cognitive processes, which often evoke overlapping patterns of activation. Such data aggregation faces contrasting goals: on the one hand finding correspondences across vastly different cognitive experiments, while on the other hand precisely describing the function of any given brain region. Here we introduce a new analysis framework that tackles these difficulties and thereby enables the generation of brain atlases for cognitive function. The approach leverages ontologies of cognitive concepts and multi-label brain decoding to map the neural substrate of these concepts. We demonstrate the approach by building an atlas of functional brain organization based on 30 diverse functional neuroimaging studies, totaling 196 different experimental conditions. Unlike conventional brain mapping, this functional atlas supports robust reverse inference: predicting the mental processes from brain activity in the regions delineated by the atlas. To establish that this reverse inference is indeed governed by the corresponding concepts, and not idiosyncrasies of experimental designs, we show that it can accurately decode the cognitive concepts recruited in new tasks. These results demonstrate that aggregating independent task-fMRI studies can provide a more precise global atlas of selective associations between brain and cognition.
Optimal clinical setting, tutors, and learning opportunities in medical education: A content analysis

INTRODUCTION: As an integral and the most important part of medical education, clinical education provides the opportunity to prepare medical students as professionals. This study explores the standpoints of informants concerning the optimal conditions for clinical education and its components, including learning opportunities, clinical settings, and clinical tutors, with the aim to improve clinical teaching and standards. METHODS: The study design is built on qualitative content analysis with the directed approach. The participants were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation, and the data were collected through online focus group discussion (FGD) and semi-structured individual interviews conducted either face-to-face or on the telephone. RESULTS: Twenty vice-chancelleries of education and medical education planners from across the country participated in this study. Concepts resulted in four main categories: educational settings, tutors, creating learning opportunities, and learning situations. The concepts were sorted into 15 subcategories, also 21 subclass 1 and 14 subclass 2. The most extensive subcategories comprised variety of educational settings, teaching team conditions, and learning strategies. CONCLUSION: Optimal conditions for clinical education are associated with the use of educational settings close to the real workplace of general practitioners such as general inpatient settings, outpatient settings, and emergency department. Moreover, optimal conditions require the provision of learning opportunities by organized team of tutors and team member empowerment along with policy-making and planning on the national scale by the Ministry of Health in consideration of local conditions.
Excision of uracil from DNA by hSMUG1 includes strand incision and processing

Abstract Uracil arises in DNA by hydrolytic deamination of cytosine (C) and by erroneous incorporation of deoxyuridine monophosphate opposite adenine, where the former event is devastating by generation of C → thymine transitions. The base excision repair (BER) pathway replaces uracil by the correct base. In human cells two uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDGs) initiate BER by excising uracil from DNA; one is hSMUG1 (human single-strand-selective mono-functional UDG). We report that repair initiation by hSMUG1 involves strand incision at the uracil site resulting in a 3′-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde designated uracil-DNA incision product (UIP), and a 5′-phosphate. UIP is removed from the 3′-end by human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 preparing for single-nucleotide insertion. hSMUG1 also incises DNA or processes UIP to a 3′-phosphate designated uracil-DNA processing product (UPP). UIP and UPP were indirectly identified and quantified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and chemically characterised by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass-spectrometric analysis of DNA from enzyme reactions using 18O- or 16O-water. The formation of UIP accords with an elimination (E2) reaction where deprotonation of C2′ occurs via the formation of a C1′ enolate intermediate. A three-phase kinetic model explains rapid uracil excision in phase 1, slow unspecific enzyme adsorption/desorption to DNA in phase 2 and enzyme-dependent AP site incision in phase 3.
Comparative effect of manuka honey on anaerobic parasitic protozoans with standard drug therapy under in vitro conditions: A preliminary study

BACKGROUND: From the past five decades, metronidazole and tinidazole have been used for treating nonresistant and resistant giardiasis and trichomoniasis. However, due to the occurrence of drug resistance to standard therapy idealizes us to explore some additional therapies which is cost-effective, easy accessibility, and natural which has least side effects. Manuka honey obtained from Leptospermum scoparium is well known for its antibacterial and wound healing properties and is thought to be a better option as an additional therapy. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to find out the effect of manuka honey on anaerobic protozoans that includes Giardia and Trichomonas under in vitro conditions in comparison to metronidazole and tinidazole. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Axenic culture of Giardia lamblia strain Portland 1 and Trichomonas vaginalis strain 413 was used for drug sensitivity assay to tinidazole, metronidazole, and manuka honey with the highest concentration of 17.1 μg/ml, 24.7 μg/ml, and 50%v/v by using (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole). For this, head-to-head comparison has been done and IC50 of the standard drug as well as manuka honey was calculated. RESULTS: The result showed that percentage inhibition on the growth of both the parasites is dependent on concentration as well as exposure time of the drug. The calculated IC50 was found to be 5.6%v/v and 1.5%v/v for manuka honey with respect to G. lamblia and T. vaginalis. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that manuka honey can be used as an additional therapy for the patient with giardiasis or trichomoniasis. However, in vivo study in the near future will elucidate more about the effectiveness of honey in treating parasitic infections.
Value of BRAF V600E in High-Risk Thyroid Nodules with Benign Cytology Results

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Limitations of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration include nondiagnostic, indeterminate cytology and false-negative results. The BRAF V600E mutation is a specific biomarker for papillary thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the additional diagnostic role of the BRAF V600E mutation in high-risk thyroid nodules with benign cytology results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 787 high-risk nodules in 720 patients underwent ultrasound–fine-needle aspiration. A subsequent BRAF V600E mutation test was performed on thyroid nodules with benign cytology. Final pathology confirmed thyroid nodules with benign cytology that were positive for the BRAF V600E mutation. Ultrasound was performed on thyroid nodules with benign cytology results that were negative for the BRAF V600E mutation. Fine-needle aspiration was repeated on thyroid nodules with enlarged size or changed ultrasound features. RESULTS: Among the 787 nodules, 292 thyroid nodules had benign cytology results with 256 nodules negative for the BRAF V600E mutation and 36 nodules positive for the BRAF V600E mutation. Thirty-one nodules positive for the BRAF V600E mutation were confirmed malignant, and 5 nodules were confirmed benign by pathology. Fine-needle aspiration was repeated on 11 enlarged thyroid nodules with benign cytology findings that were negative for the BRAF V600E mutation. The results of repeat fine-needle aspiration were 4 benign nodules, 2 follicular neoplasms or suspected follicular neoplasms, 3 suspected malignancies, and 2 malignant nodules. Among the 36 thyroid nodules positive for the BRAF V600E mutation, 25 (69.4%) had ≥2 suspicious ultrasound features and 11 (30.6%) nodules had 1 suspicious ultrasound feature. CONCLUSIONS: The BRAF V600E mutation test can detect papillary thyroid carcinomas that might be missed by fine-needle aspiration. We recommend that fine-needle aspiration be routinely accompanied by the BRAF V600E mutation test in high-risk thyroid nodules with ≥2 suspicious ultrasound features.
Do longer articles gather more citations? Article length and scholarly impact among top biomedical journals

Publications represent the most tangible products of research and scholarly communication. Growing pressures placed on researchers to increase their publication counts may encourage them to publish shorter papers, so that more publications may be generated from the same project and program. Is this the case? Furthermore, do shorter papers garner the same impact as longer papers as measured by the citations received? This research examines the relationship between article length and citations received by articles published in three prominent top biomedical research journals over the lifetime of the journals. The study reveals that instead of getting shorter, articles in these journals are getting longer over time. Longer articles in these journals, on average, attract more citations, and are therefore considered more impactful.
Predicting State-Wide Votes on Ballot Initiatives to Ban Battery Cages and Gestation Crates

After California voters decided in a state initiative to ban gestation crates and battery cages, some are asking whether other states will host similar initiatives and if they will pass. This study addresses this question by using voting data in California to predict how voters in other states would respond to a similar initiative. Results suggest that a number of states allow such initiatives and possess a demographic profile favorable to the initiative's passage. However, because these states host only a small portion of the livestock population, the impact of such initiatives on the well-being of farm animals is questionable.
Genome dynamics and virulence in the human pathogen Candida glabrata

Although the yeast Candida glabrata is considered to be a part of the commensal microflora in healthy individuals, during the last years it has been frequently isolated from patients with mucosal and systemic fungal infections. Now it is considered as the second most frequently isolated pathogenic yeast after Candida albicans. Despite its name, C. glabrata is phylogenetically a closer relative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae than to C. albicans. Apparently, C. glabrata has only recently changed its life style and become a successful opportunistic pathogen. It has been found that this yeast can rearrange its genome to cope the surrounding environments, and I show hereby that clinical isolates of C. glabrata show enormous genomic plasticity. How this yeast reshuffles its genome to become a successful human pathogen remains to be elucidated. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted to find out the mechanisms behind the pathogenicity of C. glabrata. Some studies have shown that C. glabrata can adapt to the harsh conditions by changing the number and size of chromosomes but intra- and inter-chromosomal segmental duplications have also been observed. Moreover, C. glabrata has become of great interest for researchers due to its rapid development of antifungal drug resistance. Therefore, the mechanisms involved in genome rearrangement of C. glabrata to survive as a human pathogen and how it tolerates azole antifungal therapy is an interesting aspect to study. In this study I also developed a new tool, RNAi, to study putative virulence genes.
First Report on Chronic Effects of Non-Microcystin Producing Cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis Curvispora and Planktothrix sp., on Daphnia Magna

Cyanobacteria are an essential part of aquatic ecosystems. However, they can cause detrimental impacts on other organisms of higher tropic levels in water bodies because of their potent toxic metabolites (e.g. microcystin) and other bioactive compounds. In this study we tested the long-term and negative effects of two non-microcystin producing cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis curvispora and Planktothrix sp. from Vietnam on Daphnia magna under the laboratory conditions. The animal was fed with mixtures of green alga, Scenedesmus sp. , and C. curvispora or Planktothrix sp. at different ratios (100 % Scenedesmus, 10 % cyanobacteria + 90 % Scenedesmus , 50 % cyanobacteria + 50 % Scenedesmus , 100 % cyanobacteria) over a period of 21days. The results showed that the D. magna fed with from 10 to 100 % cyanobacteria reduced their survival with density dependence, delayed or postponed its maturation. Besides, the cyanobacteria also inhibited the reproduction of adult D. magna consequently strongly prevent the next population development of D. magna . The species C. curvispora had stronger effect on survival, but less impact on maturation and reproduction of D. magna than Planktothrix sp, negatively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on negative effects of C. curvispora and Planktothrix sp. from Vietnam on life history traits of D. magna . Additionally, our results revealed that even non-microcystin producing cyanobacteria at low density could also have negative impacts on zooplankton consequently ecological balance interference. In situ investigations on the effects of cyanobacteria on zooplankton are suggested for more understanding on the ecological interactions of the two trophic levels of aquatic ecosystem.
An Intelligent Baby Care System Based on IoT and Deep Learning Techniques

1 Abstract — Due to the heavy burden and pressure of caring for infants, an integrated automatic baby watching system based on IoT smart sensing and deep learning machine vision techniques is proposed in this paper. By monitoring infant body conditions such as heartbeat, breathing, body temperature, sleeping posture, as well as the surrounding conditions such as dangerous/sharp objects, light, noise, humidity and temperature, the proposed system can analyze and predict the obvious/potential dangerous conditions according to observed data and then adopt suitable actions in real time to protect the infant from harm. Thus, reducing the burden of the caregiver and improving safety efficiency of the caring work. The experimental results show that the proposed system works successfully for the infant care work and thus can be implemented in various life fields practically.