Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The transneuronal induction of sprouting and synapse formation in intact mouse muscles.

The pattern of innervation to intact peroneal and extensor digitorum longus muscles of normal and experimental young adult mice was studied by light microscopy after staining neuromuscular junctions by a combined silver‐cholinesterase stain. Spontaneous sprouting and synapse formation occur in intact muscles of normal mice. In about 7% of the junctions, sprouts contribute to the innervation of muscle fibres already innervated by their parent axons. Axotomy of the sciatic nerve in one hind limb is followed by an average 3‐fold increase over normal in the incidence of sprouting and synapse formation in the intact muscles of the opposite hind limb. The time to onset of sprouting and synapse formation becomes shorter as the site of the contralateral axotomy is placed closer to the spinal cord. A significant increase over normal in the incidence of sprouting is first observed 5 days after a proximal sciatic nerve cut and only 12 days after a distal sciatic nerve cut. The timing of sprouting is independent of the difference in the number of axons that are involved in the contralateral axotomies at different sites. These findings suggest that, in the intact muscles of normal mice, sprouting and synapse formation is an ongoing process which can be enhanced by contralateral axotomy. As in frogs (Rotshenker, 1979, 1982) the underlying mechanism may be the transneuronal induction of sprouting and synapse formation.
Safety of Implantable Pacemakers and Cardioverter Defibrillators in the Magnetic Field of a Novel Remote Magnetic Navigation System

Safety of Pacemakers and ICDs. Introduction: Electromagnetic interference with pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) systems may cause temporary or permanent system malfunction of implanted devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential interference of a novel magnetic navigation system with implantable rhythm devices.
Vibrio tasmaniensis sp. nov., isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

We describe the polyphasic characterization of four Vibrio isolates which formed a tight AFLP group in a former study. The group was closely related to V. cyclitrophicus, V. lentus and V. splendidus (98.2-98.9% similarity) on the basis of the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, but by DNA-DNA hybridisation experiments it had at maximum 61% DNA similarity towards V. splendidus. Thus, we propose that the isolates represent a new Vibrio species i.e. V. tasmaniensis (LMG 20012T; EMBL under the accession numbers AJ316192; mol% G+C of DNA of the type strain is 44.7). Useful phenotypical features for discrimination of V. tasmaniensis from other Vibrio species include gelatinase and beta-galactosidase activity, fatty acid composition (particularly 14:0), utilisation and fermentation of different compounds (e.g. sucrose, melibiose and D-galactose) as sole carbon source.
C‐terminal Tensin‐like (CTEN) is an oncogene which alters cell motility possibly through repression of E‐cadherin in colorectal cancer

The Tensin gene family encodes proteins thought to modulate integrin function. C‐terminal Tensin‐like (CTEN) is a member of the Tensin gene family which lacks the N‐terminus actin‐binding domain. Cten is reported to have both oncogenic and tumour‐suppressor functions. We investigated the role that Cten may play in colorectal cancer (CRC). By quantitative RT–PCR CTEN is up‐regulated (i.e. > two‐fold increase) in 62% of cell lines and 69% of tumours compared with normal mucosa, consistent with CTEN being a possible oncogene. Stable transfection of HCT116 and SW480 (CRC cell lines with low endogenous Cten expression) with a Cten expression vector gave identical results in both cell lines. Forced Cten expression did not cause change in cell numbers, although it did confer resistance to staurosporine‐induced apoptosis (p < 0.005). Cten also induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumour cells accompanied by a significant increase in both cell migration (transwell migration and cell wounding assays, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) and cell invasion (invasion through Matrigel, p < 0.001). Given the observed EMT, we investigated the levels of E‐cadherin. Cten induction was associated with a reduction in E‐cadherin protein expression but not levels of E‐cadherin mRNA. These data suggest that CTEN is an oncogene in CRC which stimulates EMT, cell migration and invasion and may therefore have a role in tumour invasion/spread. Furthermore, Cten induction is associated with post‐transcriptional repression of E‐cadherin. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of medical imaging including ultrasound into a new clinical anatomy curriculum

In 2008 a new clinical anatomy curriculum with integrated medical imaging component was introduced into the University of Sydney Medical Program. Medical imaging used for teaching the new curriculum included normal radiography, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound imaging. These techniques were incorporated into teaching over the first two years of the program as a part of anatomy practical sessions, in addition to dedicated lectures and tutorials given by imaging specialists. Surveys were conducted between 2009 and 2012 to evaluate the student acceptance of the integration. Students were asked to rate individual activities as well as provide open‐ended comments. The number of students who responded to the surveys varied from 40% to 98%. Over 90% of the respondents were satisfied with the overall quality of teaching in the anatomy units. In summary, 48% to 63% of the responding students thought that the specialist imaging lectures helped them learn effectively; 72% to 77% of students thought that the cross‐sectional practical sessions helped them to better understand the imaging modalities of CT, MRI, and ultrasound; 76% to 80% of students considered hands‐on ultrasound session to be useful in understanding the application of ultrasound in abdominal imaging. The results also revealed key similarities and differences in student perceptions of the new integrated curriculum for students with both a high and low prior exposure to anatomy. Further evaluation will aid in refining the integrated medical imaging program and providing its future direction. Anat Sci Educ 8: 205–220. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists.
Obesidade na adolescência

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a porcentagem de gordura corporal, preferencia e frequencia de atividades fisicas em uma escolinha de basquete e em uma escola publica de ensino basico. Foram aplicados questionarios e analise da composicao corporal (GUEDES, 1997) em 36 adolescentes na faixa etaria de 10 a 12 anos, sendo 21 do sexo masculino (15 do basquete e 6 da escola publica) e 15 alunas da escola publica. Os recursos utilizados foram: balanca Filizola, estadiometro e adipometro. O estudo verificou que 60% dos adolescentes do basquete estavam com a porcentagem de gordura corporal acima do normal, na escola publica nenhum adolescente apresentou porcentagem acima do normal. Os resultados nos levam a concluir que, a procura por atividade fisica se da a partir da necessidade de diminuir o peso corporal.
Contribution COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS FOR BREAST ULTRASOUND USING COMPUTERIZED BI-RADS FEATURES AND MACHINE LEARNING METHODS

JUAN SHAN,* S. KAISAR ALAM,yzx BRIAN GARRA,{k YINGTAO ZHANG, and TAHIRA AHMEDk *Department of Computer Science, Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, New York, USA; y Improlabs Pte Ltd, Valley Point, Singapore; zComputational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling Center (CBIM), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; xDepartment of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh; {U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA; kWashington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
Higher dietary fructose is associated with impaired hepatic adenosine triphosphate homeostasis in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes

Fructose consumption predicts increased hepatic fibrosis in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because of its ability to lower hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, habitual fructose consumption could result in more hepatic ATP depletion and impaired ATP recovery. The degree of ATP depletion after an intravenous (IV) fructose challenge test in low‐ versus high‐fructose consumers was assessed. We evaluated diabetic adults enrolled in the Action for Health in Diabetes Fatty Liver Ancillary Study (n = 244) for whom dietary fructose consumption estimated by a 130‐item food frequency questionnaire and hepatic ATP measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and uric acid (UA) levels were performed (n = 105). In a subset of participants (n = 25), an IV fructose challenge was utilized to assess change in hepatic ATP content. The relationships between dietary fructose, UA, and hepatic ATP depletion at baseline and after IV fructose challenge were evaluated in low‐ (<15 g/day) versus high‐fructose (≥15 g/day) consumers. High dietary fructose consumers had slightly lower baseline hepatic ATP levels and a greater absolute change in hepatic α‐ATP/ inorganic phosphate (Pi) ratio (0.08 versus 0.03; P = 0.05) and γ‐ATP /Pi ratio after an IV fructose challenge (0.03 versus 0.06; P = 0.06). Patients with high UA (≥5.5 mg/dL) showed a lower minimum liver ATP/Pi ratio postfructose challenge (4.5 versus 7.0; P = 0.04). Conclusions: High‐fructose consumption depletes hepatic ATP and impairs recovery from ATP depletion after an IV fructose challenge. Subjects with high UA show a greater nadir in hepatic ATP in response to fructose. Both high dietary fructose intake and elevated UA level may predict more severe hepatic ATP depletion in response to fructose and hence may be risk factors for the development and progression of NAFLD. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:952–960)
A microgrid energy management system with demand response

A new renewable and demand side coordinative energy management system is developed for microgrid with demand response. The microgrid is grid-connected, including photovoltaic power generator (PV), energy storage device, and several industrial customers with adjustable load. With the imported external power on time-of-use (TOU) price, an internal-dynamic-price-based renewable and demand side coordinative energy management model is proposed based on load and PV power forecasting results to maximize the profit of the renewable industrial park with a microgrid. T he electricity demands of the rational customers interact mutually with the day-ahead internal dynamic prices. The customers' responsive behaviors are modeled using the matrix of self-elasticity and cross-elasticity. To solve the optimization model, a newly proposed fruitfly optimization algorithm is adopted. Finally, simulation results of numerical tests for a microgrid demonstrate the effectiveness of the model with demand response.
Dietary folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 and the risk of Parkinson disease

Background: Increased homocysteine levels might accelerate dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson disease (PD), through neurotoxic effects. Higher dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 (cofactors in homocysteine metabolism) might decrease the risk of PD through decreasing plasma homocysteine. Moreover, vitamin B6 might influence the risk of PD through antioxidant effects unrelated to homocysteine metabolism and through its role in dopamine synthesis. Methods: In the Rotterdam Study, a prospective, population-based cohort study of people aged 55 years and older, the authors evaluated the association between dietary intake of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 and the risk of incident PD among 5,289 participants who were free of dementia and parkinsonism and underwent complete dietary assessment at baseline. PD was assessed through repeated in-person examination and continuous monitoring by computer linkage to medical records. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: After a mean follow-up of 9.7 years, the authors identified 72 participants with incident PD. Higher dietary intake of vitamin B6 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of PD (hazard ratio per SD, 0.69 [95% CI 0.50 to 0.96]; for highest vs lowest tertile, 0.46 [0.22 to 0.96]). Stratified analyses showed that this association was restricted to smokers. No association was observed for dietary folate and vitamin B12. Conclusions: Dietary vitamin B6 may decrease the risk of Parkinson disease, probably through mechanisms unrelated to homocysteine metabolism.
Anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system

Abstract Eugenol is the main constituent of clove oil with anti-inflammatory properties. In this work, for the first time, O/W nanoemulsion of eugenol was designed for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects as a topical delivery system. Topical formulations containing 1%, 2% and 4% of eugenol as well as a nanoemulsion system containing 4% eugenol and 0.5% piroxicam were prepared. Further to physicochemical examinations, such as determination of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and physical stability, anti-inflammatory activity was examined in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The optimum formulation was found to contain 2% eugenol (oil phase), 14% Tween 20 (surfactant) and 14% isopropyl alcohol (co-surfactant) in water. Nanoemulsion with polydispersity index of 0.3 and median droplet diameter of 24.4 nm (d50) was obtained. Animal studies revealed that the nanoemulsions exhibited significantly improved anti-inflammatory activity after 1.5 h, compared with marketed piroxicam gel. Additionally, it was shown that increasing the concentration of eugenol did not show higher inhibition of inflammation. Also, the nanoemulsion having piroxicam showed less anti-inflammatory properties compared with the nanoemulsion without piroxicam.
Self-supervised Temporal Discriminative Learning for Video Representation Learning

Temporal cues in videos provide important information for recognizing actions accurately. However, temporal-discriminative features can hardly be extracted without using an annotated large-scale video action dataset for training. This paper proposes a novel Video-based Temporal-Discriminative Learning (VTDL) framework in self-supervised manner. Without labelled data for network pretraining, temporal triplet is generated for each anchor video by using segment of the same or different time interval so as to enhance the capacity for temporal feature representation. Measuring temporal information by time derivative, Temporal Consistent Augmentation (TCA) is designed to ensure that the time derivative (in any order) of the augmented positive is invariant except for a scaling constant. Finally, temporal-discriminative features are learnt by minimizing the distance between each anchor and its augmented positive, while the distance between each anchor and its augmented negative as well as other videos saved in the memory bank is maximized to enrich the representation diversity. In the downstream action recognition task, the proposed method significantly outperforms existing related works. Surprisingly, the proposed self-supervised approach is better than fully-supervised methods on UCF101 and HMDB51 when a small-scale video dataset (with only thousands of videos) is used for pre-training. The code has been made publicly available on this https URL.
Evidence of Early Retinal Microvascular Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression

Objective: To examine retinal vascular caliber, an indicator of early microvascular disease and depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a clinic-based study, comparing participants with Type 2 diabetes with major depression (n = 43), without depression (n = 49), and healthy controls without diabetes or depression (n = 54). Retinal vascular caliber was measured from digital photographs. Depression status was determined, using standardized clinical assessment. Results: After adjusting for age and gender, participants with diabetes and depression had larger arteriolar and venular calibers (147.7 &mgr;m for arteriolar and 215.7 &mgr;m for venular calibers) than participants with diabetes but without depression (143.3 &mgr;m and 213.9 &mgr;m) and healthy controls (135.8 &mgr;m and 202.5 &mgr;m, p for trend = .002 for arteriolar and p = .02 for venular caliber). In multivariate models adjusting for duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, serum glucose, Cerebrovascular Risk Factor Scale, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, and retinopathy levels, this relationship remained significant for retinal arterioles (p = .02) but not for retinal venules (p = .10). Conclusions: These data show that patients with Type 2 diabetes with major depression have wider retinal arterioles, supporting the concept that depression is associated with early microvascular changes in Type 2 diabetes. CIRS = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; CRFS = Cerebrovascular Risk Factor Scales; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
The second case of peritonitis due to Histoplasma capsulatum during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Brazil

This paper reports a case of infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum apparently restricted to the peritoneum in a woman submitted to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Diagnosis was established by direct examination and culture of dialysis effluent. Although the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the southermost in Brazil, is not considered a region of high endemicity for histoplasmosis, this is the second case of infection occurring in a patient during CAPD.
UsingaTypedMindMapasaDataModel in a TDD DICE System

This paper introduces a new Typed Mind Map extension for a data model in a parse-tree-based online referee system with a TDD (Test-Driven Development) model and DALM (DICE adaptive learning model) model named DICE.TypedMindMapsandasemanticnodearedefined by OWL-DL. Typed Mind Maps are now widely used in the DICE system as a uniform data model for the system, instructors, learners and materials. The Mind Maps are used for system configuration, system deployment, learner’s information, organization of training materials, answer parsing and some widgets. An implementation based on this data model has been working for years in a real teaching and learning environment.
Business Impact of Relay Deployment for Coverage Extension in 3GPP LTE-Advanced

Relays are expected to be a cost efficient way to fulfill requirements on high data rate coverage in next generation cellular networks, like LTE-Advanced. This paper presents a cost model and the respective analysis used for investigating the impact of relaying on cost savings for operators. The approach consists of defining the service level that next generation cellular networks should provide and deriving deployments of eNBs and RNs (or equivalently iso- performance scenarios) that fulfill these requirements. Iso- performance scenarios are therefore obtained by means of simulations and compared in the cost model.
Changes in Pain Sensitivity and Pain Modulation During Oral Opioid Treatment: The Impact of Negative Affect.

OBJECTIVE Opioids are frequently prescribed for chronic low back pain (CLBP), but there are broad individual differences in the benefits and risks of opioid therapy, including the development opioid-induced hyperalgesia. This study examined quantitative sensory testing (QST) data among a group of CLBP patients undergoing sustained oral opioid treatment. We investigated whether individual differences in psychological characteristics were related to opioid-induced changes in pain perception and pain modulation. DESIGN The six-month, open-label trial evaluated patients with low to high levels of negative affect (e.g., symptoms of distress, depression and anxiety); participants underwent QST at baseline (prior to initiating treatment) and during oral opioid treatment. SETTING A chronic pain management center. PATIENTS The 31 study participants had chronic discogenic back pain, with a pain intensity rating >3/10. Participants were divided into groups with high vs. low levels of Negative Affect (NA). RESULTS In the previously-published manuscript describing the clinical outcomes of the trial, high NA patients achieved only about half of the analgesic effect observed in the low NA group (Wasan AD, Michna E, Edwards RR, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity is associated prospectively with diminished opioid analgesia and increased opioid misuse in patients with chronic low back pain. Anesthesiology 2015;123:861-72). The QST findings reported here suggested that tolerance to experimental (cold pressor) pain and conditioned pain modulation tended to decrease in the high NA group over the course of opioid treatment, while temporal summation of mechanical pain declined in the low NA group. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that while the low NA group seemed to exhibit a generally adaptive, analgesic pattern of changes during opioid management, the high NA group showed a pattern more consistent with opioid-induced hyperalgesic processes. A greater susceptibility to hyperalgesia-promoting changes in pain modulation among patients with high levels of distress may contribute to a lower degree of benefit from opioid treatment in high NA patients.
Adhesion- and migration-related side effects of phosphothioated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides

Nucleic acid oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) are increasingly used in biological research and in clinics where they are used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In order to increase the stability and efficacy of ODNs, various chemical modifications have been applied to create nucleic acid derivatives that are not recognized by endogenous nucleic acid cleavage mechanisms. One of the most common and cost-effective modifications is the phosphothioate (PTO) modification. The PTO modification is implemented mainly in antisense ODN, but also in ODN that were shown to activate members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family such as TLR3 (poly-I:C), TLR8 (ssRNA), and TLR9 (CpG). We recently found that PTO-ODN aimed at activating TLR9 induce a non-TLR9-specific detachment phenotype in a growth-substrate dependent manner. Moreover, we found that unmodified and PTO-modified TLR ligands induce distinct patterns of gene expression in cultured neural cells. These findings suggest that PTO-ODN can cause nonspecific effects on cell adhesion that could compromise interpretation of data from experiments using PTO-ODN.
Simulation of Recent Global Temperature Trends

Observations show that global average tropospheric temperatures have been rising during the past century, with the most recent portion of record showing a sharp rise since the mid-1970s. This study shows that the most recent portion of the global temperature record (1970 to 1992) can be closely reproduced by atmospheric models forced only with observed ocean surface temperatures. In agreement with a diverse suite of controversial observational evidence from the past 40 years, the upward trend in simulated tropospheric temperatures is caused by an enhancement of the tropical hydrologic cycle driven by increasing tropical ocean temperatures. Although it is possible that the observed behavior is due to natural climate variability, there is disquieting similarity between these model results, observed climate trends in recent decades, and the early expressions of the climatic response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide in numerical simulations.