Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NIH Molecular Libraries Initiative

The Molecular Libraries Initiative (MLI) of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research is a bold set of programs to facilitate the use of small molecules in the public sector and expand the reach of small-molecule technologies to define gene, cell, and organism function in health and disease. The initiative described in this Policy Forum has three components: the Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network; cheminformatics initiatives including a new public compound database (PubChem); and technology development initiatives in chemical diversity, cheminformatics, assay development, screening instrumentation, and predictive ADMET. All research tools and results will be made publicly available without encumbrance. The small-molecule tools and technologies produced by the MLI will accelerate gene function determination, target validation, and downstream drug development.
Gonadal dysgenesis with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. An electron microscopic and steroid receptor analyses with a review of the literature

A patient with gonadal dysgenesis who developed endometrial carcinoma in her 31st year of estrogen therapy is discussed in relation to thirteen previously reported cases of carcinoma of the uterus in patients with Turner's syndrome. The pattern of steroid receptor proteins in the endometrial carcinoma was found to correlate with the degree of differentiation of the tumor as assessed by light and electron microscopy. The findings reflect a potential for continued hormonal responsiveness of the tumor.
The 2016 database issue of Nucleic Acids Research and an updated molecular biology database collection

The 2016 Database Issue of Nucleic Acids Research starts with overviews of the resources provided by three major bioinformatics centers, the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB). Also included are descriptions of 62 new databases and updates on 95 databases that have been previously featured in NAR plus 17 previously described elsewhere. A number of papers in this issue deal with resources on nucleic acids, including various kinds of non-coding RNAs and their interactions, molecular dynamics simulations of nucleic acid structure, and two databases of super-enhancers. The protein database section features important updates on the EBI's Pfam, PDBe and PRIDE databases, as well as a variety of resources on pathways, metabolomics and metabolic modeling. This issue also includes updates on popular metagenomics resources, such as MG-RAST, EBI Metagenomics, and probeBASE, as well as a newly compiled Human Pan-Microbe Communities database. A significant fraction of the new and updated databases are dedicated to the genetic basis of disease, primarily cancer, and various aspects of drug research, including resources for patented drugs, their side effects, withdrawn drugs, and potential drug targets. A further six papers present updated databases of various antimicrobial and anticancer peptides. The entire Database Issue is freely available online on the Nucleic Acids Research website (http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/). The NAR online Molecular Biology Database Collection, http://www.oxfordjournals. org/nar/database/c/, has been updated with the addition of 88 new resources and removal of 23 obsolete websites, which brought the current listing to 1685 databases.
Dynamique du couvert végétal et implications socio-environnementales à la périphérie du parc W/Burkina Faso

Les crises climatiques qu’a connues la zone sahelienne, notamment le Burkina Faso, ont eu des impacts sur l’environnement. Face a cela, des efforts de conservation ont ete developpes dans l’ensemble du pays a travers l’amenagement d’aires protegees. Cependant, les peripheries de ces aires connaissent une degradation du couvert vegetal. Cette etude visait a apprehender la dynamique du couvert vegetal a la peripherie du parc W et ses implications sociales et environnementales. La methodologie mise en oeuvre a consiste a l’interpretation d’images satellitaires et a l’analyse de donnees collectees a l’aide de questionnaires adresses a 114 chefs de menage. Des images Landsat de 1984 et de 2015 de 30 metres de resolution ont ete classifiees en utilisant la methode du maximum de vraisemblance. Les resultats montrent que 48,26 % de la superficie de la commune de Diapaga ont connu une degradation, tandis que 40,38 % et 11,36 % sont respectivement en etat de stabilite et d’amelioration. Cette evolution est bien percue par les populations locales, puisque plus de 80 % des personnes interrogees percoivent une degradation du couvert vegetal. La correlation de Kendall a permis de voir que la perception de l’evolution de la densite du couvert vegetal depend de la distance par rapport au parc. Les implications socio-environnementales concernent l’amplification des conflits et les infractions dans le parc W. Des lors, il convient de mener davantage d’investigations pour une meilleure apprehension des facteurs qui influencent la dynamique du couvert vegetal dans la zone d’etude.
The Melbourne Family Grief Study, I: Perceptions of family functioning in bereavement.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify patterns of family functioning in adult families after the death of a parent. METHOD One hundred fifteen families completed measures of family functioning, grief, psychological state, and social adjustment 6 weeks (time 1), 6 months (time 2), and 13 months (time 3) after the death of a parent (a total of 670 individual responses). Cluster analytic methods were applied to develop a typology of perceptions of family functioning during bereavement. RESULTS Five types of families emerged from dimensions of cohesiveness, conflict, and expressiveness on the Family Environment Scale. Thirty-six percent of the families were considered supportive because of their high cohesiveness, and another 23% resolved conflict effectively. Two types were dysfunctional: hostile families, distinguished by high conflict, low cohesiveness, and poor expressiveness, and sullen families, who had more moderate limitations in these three areas; they declined in frequency from 30% at time 1 to 15% at time 3. The remaining type (26%), termed intermediate, exhibited midrange cohesiveness, low control, and low achievement orientation. The typology at time 1 predicted typologies at time 2 and time 3. There were no age or gender differences among the family types, but offspring, as compared with spouses, were overrepresented in the hostile families. CONCLUSIONS Family types can be identified, allowing at-risk families to be helped to prevent complications of grief. Screening with the family relationship index of the Family Environment Scale would facilitate such a family-centered approach.
Dose response relationship of pancreatic enzyme stimulants: pancreozymin and methacholine.

Relationship between the dose of the stimulants pancreozymin and methacholine and the secretion of amylase by the pancreas has been studied. The nembutalized dogs were given a continuous intravenous infusion of secretin during the entire course of the experiments and samples of pancreatic juice were collected every 10 minutes for amylase determination. The average minimal dose required for elevation of enzyme output was 0.025 mg and 0.008 µg/kg body weight for pancreozymin and methacholine, respectively. The response to these doses at the start and end of the experimental period were quite similar. Over a wide dosage-range of both methacholine and pancreozymin, the absolute rise in amylase output was a linear function of the logarithm of the dose. Within a small portion of the S-shaped curve obtained by correlating the absolute increase in output with the absolute value of the dose, an apparent linear proportionality existed at low dosage levels. No synergism between pancreozymin and methacholine was found; the combined effect was additive. The gland was practically inexhaustible by continuous stimulation for 20 hours and the enzyme could be made at the rate secreted within the dosage-range of the stimulants used. Practical suggestions have been made for the bioassay of stimulants of pancreatic enzyme output.
Ocular Surface Disease Parameters After Collagen Cross-Linking for Keratoconus.

PURPOSE To analyze the variations in tear quantity and quality after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with keratoconus. METHODS This is a prospective observational study of 24 eyes with keratoconus that underwent epithelium-off CXL. The variables studied were tear film osmolarity, subjective symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index), tear breakup time, Schirmer test (SCH) score, tear clearance, fluorescein staining, and lissamine green staining. Variables were determined preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months after CXL. RESULTS All the studied variables remained stable after 1-year follow-up (no significant difference in comparison with baseline values; Mann-Whitney U test). There was a positive paired correlation between the SCH score and tear clearance at 3; 0.532 (P < 0.01), 6; 0.434 (P = 0.04), and 12 months; 0.675 (P < 0.01). There was no correlation between the SCH score and tear breakup time, apart from a positive correlation at 12 months; 0.601 (P = 0.05). A negative correlation was found between osmolarity and the SCH score at 3; -0.589 (P < 0.01) and 12 months; -0.049 (P = 0.04). The Ocular Surface Disease Index did not correlate with any of the studied variables (Spearman test). CONCLUSIONS CXL, at least during the first postoperative year, does not modify the parameters currently used to evaluate tear film function. There is no correlation between objective and subjective parameters in the analysis of the tear film function.
Modulation of Cyclooxygenase‐2 and Brain Reactive Astrogliosis by Purinergic P2 Receptors

Abstract: Astroglial cells respond to trauma and ischemia with reactive gliosis, a reaction characterized by increased astrocytic proliferation and hypertrophy. Although beneficial to a certain extent, excessive gliosis may be detrimental, contributing to neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. We have tested the hypothesis that ATP may act as a trigger of reactive gliosis in an in vitro model (rat brain primary astrocytes) where reactive astrogliosis can be quantified as elongation of astrocytic processes. Challenge of cells with the ATP analog α,βmethyleneATP (α,βmeATP) resulted in concentration dependent elongation of astrocytic processes, an effect that was fully counteracted by the non‐selective ATP/P2 receptor antagonists suramin and pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulphonic acid (PPADS). Signalling studies revealed that α,βmeATP‐induced gliosis is mediated by a novel G‐protein‐coupled receptor (a P2Y receptor) coupled to an early release of arachidonic acid. Challenge of cells with α,βmeATP also resulted in an increase of inducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), the activity of which has been reported to be pathologically increased in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by inflammation and astrocytic activation. Induction of COX‐2 by α,βmeATP was causally related to reactive astrogliosis, since the selective COX‐2 inhibitor NS‐398 prevented both the purine‐induced elongation of astrocytic processes and the associated COX‐2 increase. Preliminary data on the putative receptor‐to‐nucleus pathways responsible for purine‐induced gliosis suggest that induction of the COX‐2 gene may occur through the protein kinase C/mitogen activated protein kinase system, and may involve the formation of activated AP‐1 transcription complexes. We speculate that antagonists selective at this novel P2Y receptor subtype may represent a novel class of neuroprotective agents able to slow down neurodegeneration by counteracting the inflammatory events contributing to neuronal cell death.
Abscisic acid signaling is involved in regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade module, AIK1-MKK5-MPK6

ABSTRACT Abscisic acid (ABA) plays roles in plant growth and development and in stress responses. Recently, we found that ABA regulates ABA-insensitive protein kinase 1 (AIK1), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. Compared with wild-type, aik1–1 showed downregulation of ABA-responsive genes (RD29A, MYC2, ABI3 and ABI4). Under ABA treatment, the transcript level of KRP1 (Kip-related protein, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) was lower in aik1–1 than in wild-type. The activity of ABA-activated MPK6 was decreased in abi1 abi2, and abi1 abi2 hab1, and increased in snrk2.2 snrk2.3 and pyr1 pyl1 pyl2 pyl4 mutants. These results indicated that AIK1-MKK5-MPK6 functions in ABA responses and requires ABA-responsive gene expression to regulate ABA-inhibited root growth and cell division. The ABA signaling pathway regulates this MAPK cascade.
Host defenses in the human neonate.

Four major aspects of the immune-inflammatory response are considered, including humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, phagocytic function and humoral mediators, particularly complement. This is followed by a discussion of the role of human milk in enhancement of neonatal host defenses (an extremely active area of current immunologic research) and a clinical summary.
Factors Influencing Nascent Entrepreneurs in an e-Marketplace

Based on previous studies a model was formulated of the determinants of the use of eMarketplaces by nascent entrepreneurs for the purpose of business start-up. Factors concerned with self-efficacy, personality traits, internet usage habits, facilitating conditions, and behavioural intention were included and the model was tested and developed using data collected by questionnaire from 379 nascent entrepreneurs in Indonesia. The results from the final model confirmed or partially supported many theoretical relationships that have been reported in previous studies and there were new findings of causal effects on intention to use and actual use of e-Marketplace systems due to entrepreneurial self-efficacy, internet usage habits, and facilitating conditions. Apart from the theoretical contribution of the findings practical conclusions are presented as a means of increasing the use of e-Marketplaces by nascent entrepreneurs for the purpose of business start-up.
A Case of Massive Pulmonary Embolism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus without Antiphospholipid Antibody

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at an increased risk of developing thromboses with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The presence of aPL is related to an increased risk of thrombotic events. However, thromboembolic events can occur in SLE patients without aPL, and pulmonary emboli are rarely reported manifestations of SLE without aPL. Here, we report on a case of massive pulmonary embolism in a 58-year-old woman with aPL-negative SLE. She presented with chest pain and dyspnea, and chest computed tomography (CT) and lung perfusion ventilation scans showed pulmonary thromboembolism. She was administered thrombolytic agents, heparin, and warfarin. Two months later, no remarkable residual thromboembolism was observed on chest CT. (J Rheum Dis 2015;22:106-110)
Novel lamin A/C mutations in two families with dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction system disease.

BACKGROUND The LMNA gene, one of 6 autosomal disease genes implicated in familial dilated cardiomyopathy, encodes lamins A and C, alternatively spliced nuclear envelope proteins. Mutations in lamin A/C cause 4 diseases: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B, Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy, and dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Two 4-generation white families with autosomal dominant familial dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction system disease were found to have novel mutations in the rod segment of lamin A/C. In family A a missense mutation (nucleotide G607A, amino acid E203K) was identified in 14 adult subjects; disease was manifest as progressive conduction disease in the fourth and fifth decades. Death was caused by heart failure. In family B a nonsense mutation (nucleotide C673T, amino acid R225X) was identified in 10 adult subjects; disease was also manifest as progressive conduction disease but with earlier onset (third and fourth decades), ventricular dysrhythmias, left ventricular enlargement, and systolic dysfunction. Death was caused by heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Skeletal muscle disease was not observed in either family. CONCLUSIONS Novel rod segment mutations in lamin A/C cause variable conduction system disease and dilated cardiomyopathy without skeletal myopathy.
Role of tumour necrosis factor in the induction of nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of endotoxin shock

1 This study investigates the role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) in a rat model of endotoxin shock. 2 In anaesthetized rats, pretreatment with a monoclonal antibody for TNF (TNFab; 20 mg kg−1, s.c., at 16 h prior to LPS) ameliorated the fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in response to LPS (2 mg kg−1, i.v.). For instance, endotoxaemia for 180 min resulted in a fall in MAP from 114 ± 6 (control) to 84 ± 5 mmHg (P < 0.01; n = 7). In contrast, animals pretreated with TNFab prior to LPS injection maintained significantly higher MAP when compared to LPS‐control (MAP at 180 min; 118 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.01, n = 5). 3 Three hours of endotoxaemia was also associated with a significant reduction of the contractile effects of noradrenaline (NA) (10−1–10−6 m) on the thoracic aorta ex vivo. This hyporeactivity to NA was partially restored by in vitro treatment of the vessels with NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME, 20 min, 3 × 10−4 m). Pretreatment of rats with TNFab (20 mg kg−1; at 16 h prior to LPS) significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the LPS‐induced hyporeactivity of rat aortic rings ex vivo. l‐NAME did not enhance the contractions of aortic rings obtained from TNFab pretreated LPS‐rats. 4 At 180 min after LPS there was a significant elevation of the induced NOS activity in the lung (5.14 ± 0.57 pmol citrulline mg−1 min−1, n = 8). TNFab pretreatment significantly attenuated this induction of NOS in response to LPS by 37 ± 6% (n = 5; P < 0.05). 5 We conclude that the formation of endogenous TNF contributes to the induction of the calcium‐independent isoform of NOS in response to LPS in vivo. Thus, the beneficial effects of agents which inhibit either the release or the action of TNF in circulatory shock may be, in part, due to inhibition of NOS induction.
Background Dietary Patterns and the Time Course of the Blood Pressure Response to Low Sodium Intake.

See related article, pp 923–929 Among the clinical trials that have contributed the most to our understanding of the quantitative relationship between nutrients and blood pressure (BP), the DASH trial (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)1 and the related DASH-Sodium trial2 have a particular standing because of their rigorous design, organizational complexity, and achievements. The organizational setting of these trials was demanding because food preparation was done in special research kitchens according to a preestablished protocol and because the subjects, over 400 people with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension in each of the trials, had to consume at least 1 meal a day at the study site. A brief recapitulation of the design and the main findings of DASH and DASH-Sodium studies is useful to appropriately frame the novel analyses of the DASH-Sodium trial published in this issue of the journal,3 which focuses on the time course of the response to the low-salt diet. In the seminal DASH trial,1 the control diet (lasting 8 weeks) was the typical American diet of the nineties, that is, a diet low in K, Ca, Mg, and fiber, with fat providing 37% of the total calories (16% saturated fats) and protein providing 15%. The sodium content of this diet was fixed at 3 g. This was compared with a second diet of the same duration and sodium content (3 g) that included more fruits and vegetables and, hence, a higher K, Mg, and fiber intake. The third (key) diet was a combination diet or DASH diet which, like the second diet, included a high amount of fruits and vegetables but also exchanged high-fat for low-fat dairy products to reduce fats to 27% of the total calories (saturated fats to 6%). In the DASH diet, sodium content was also fixed at 3 …
Strength Performance of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Walls under Flexo-Compression Load. Analytical Methods

The structure of many historical buildings relies on unreinforced masonry load-bearing walls. In the case of large slenderness or significant eccentricity of the vertical compressive loads the mechanism formation failure mode is likely. Considering the second order bending effects and the tensile strength of the masonry is essential to accurately calculate the load-bearing capacity of these structures, which is required for maintenance tasks. An analytical methodology has proposed with this aim. This original method, the Southwell plot method and the formulations from two standard codes (ACI-530 and Eurocode-6) are applied to calculate the resistance of 18 experimentally tested walls to conclude that the proposed methodology brings correct results, the standards are conservative and the Southwell plot method is the most suitable for the analysis of the considered cases but it is not always applicable.
Does Monetary Incentive Lead to Better Stock Recommendations on Social Media?

Social media not only is a new channel to obtain financial market information but also becomes the venue for investors to share and exchange investment ideas. We examine the performance consequences of providing monetary incentive to amateur analysts on social media and its implications for crowd-sourced equity research. We find that monetary incentive is effective in increasing the amount of content outputs but does not lead to better stock recommendations. Additional analysis suggests that monetary incentive results in wider stock coverage, a sign of increased content diversity. This study contributes to the understanding of incentive mechanisms for social media communities in the financial context.
Complexity Comparison of Linear-Phase Mth-Band and General FIR Filters

Linear-phase Mth-band finite-length impulse response (FIR) filters are characterized by every Mth impulse response coefficient being equal to zero, except for the middle tap. This leads to a realization with few multiplications. However, other properties include that the passband ripple is bounded by the stopband ripple and that the transition band is symmetric around pi/M rad. Depending on the filter specifications this may sometimes lead to an overly constrained filter design. In this work we investigate the trade-off between Mth-band and general linear-phase FIR filters. The results are bounds on the filter specification for when the linear-phase Mth-band or general FIR filter is advantageous to use.
Three-pattern tests for delay faults

To improve the quality of CMOS digital circuits, more complex fault models than single stuck-at have been proposed. This paper focuses on the effect of inaccurate delay modeling on delay fault testing. It is shown that accurate delay models are needed for effective delay fault testing. This is particularly important for large timing optimized circuits with many paths. Limitations of the path delay fault model are shown, and even the assumption that 2-pattern tests are sufficient for delay testing is shown to have limitations. <<ETX>>