Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Rapid molecular method for identification and differentiation between T . equinum species isolated from dermatophytic horses

T. equinum is the main cause of dermatophytosis in horses, all over the world the identification and differentiation between T.equinum species by conventional methods has drawbacks of being very slow, often requiring weeks of culture and suffering complications of overgrowth with commensals so the molecular approaches are applied recently for diagnosis of dermatophytes. This study involved identification of T.equinum by conventional methods and application of PCR by using non-specific simple repeat sequence (GACA)4. The result showed that identification of T.equinum var. equinum and T.equinum var. autotrophicum and the primer was able to amplify both species forming characteristic PCR profiles for each. Introduction Dermatophytes are group of morphologically and physiologically related molds which comprise of three keratinophilic and keratinolytic genera (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). They utilize keratin for their growth and thus the infection confined to superficial integument including outer stratum corneum of the skin, nails, claws and hair of animals and man, causing an integumentary disease called ringworm, tinea or dermatophytosis [1,2,3]. T. equinum is the main cause of dermatophytosis in horses, all over the world [3,4] and it includes 2 varieties which identified as T.equinum var. equinum and T.equinum var. autotrophicum. The differentiation between them relaye on the conventional methods of identification that included nicotinic acid requirements for the growth of T.equinum var. equinum [5] and hair perforation test [6]. Even these methods are accurate their major drawback is that they are very slow, often requiring weeks of culture and suffering complications of overgrowth with commensals [7]. Many molecular approaches have been applied for the identification of different dermatophyte species and strains. Such approaches are considered more stable and precise than are phenotypic characteristics [8]. This study involved identification of T.equinum by conventional methods and application of rapid molecular diagnostic methods on the isolates.
Role of Top Management Behavioral Integration in Managing Innovation Paradoxes

Business organizations need to simultaneously pursue radical and incremental innovations for its long-term effectiveness and to sustain competitiveness in a dynamic environment. Exploitation of existing competencies leads to incremental innovation and exploration of new opportunities leads to radical innovation. Organizational ambidexterity is an organization’s ability to simultaneously pursue both exploration and exploitation activities. Past researchers studying organizational ambidexterity have explored its structural and contextual antecedents and/or its relationship with innovation and firm performance. Irrespective of its structural or contextual genesis, researchers agree that the major decisions and tasks related to ambidexterity are made and implemented by the top management team (TMT) of the organizations. However research focused on TMT processes in the context of ambidexterity has been relatively few. Based on previous work, the TMT processes necessary for ambidexterity could be classified under Behavioral Integration (consisting of collaborative behavior, information exchange and joint decision making). In this paper we propose a study to address the following research question: what is the distinct effect of top management behavioral integration on ambidexterity? Unlike in larger organization, in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), the TMT members adorn both strategic and operational roles and hence have a larger role in influencing the ambidexterity of their organizations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to study the effect of top management behavioral integration on ambidexterity, in the research context of SMEs. We expect the proposed study to add to the literature on TMT by studying the processes of the top management teams necessary for organizational ambidexterity. This research is also expected to add to the literature on organizational ambidexterity by exploring the distinct influence of TMT processes on organizational ambidexterity.
DETERMINATION OF THE RESPONSES OF DIFFERENT TOMATO SPECIES TO TUTA ABSOLUTA

In this study, the harmful effect of Tuta absoluta on different tomato species was investigated. Six tomato genotypes which are Solanum chmielewskii (LA1028), Solanum neorickii (LA0247), Solanum hirsutum (LA777), Solanum pimpinellifolium (LA0722), and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Cuatomate and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig (LA2838A) species were used as plant material in the study. To determine the incidence of Tuta absoluta on the plants, the egg and larvae were counted weekly by taking 5 leaves from the species. According to eggs and larvae counts, the plants were exposed to 5 types of severe damage while Solanum lycopersicum cv. Cuatomate was found to be later and less effective than the others. These results indicate that this species exhibits antixenosis properties against Tuta absoluta pests and that the other species that have been exposed to earlier and more severe damage lack such property.
EXPLORING IMMERSIVE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS Developing alternative design tools for Urban Interaction De- signers

In contemporary architecture firms, most design drawings are done via use of 3D modelling software. This method requires advanced knowledge of the software in order to produce an accurate representation of space into the digital environment. The paper argues that conventional 3D visualization methods to design and analyse are restrictive to how well the user understands the space on a computer, as drawings are done ex-situ and without testing the design concept in-situ, hence there might be a level of disparity between the design and final fabrication. This is particularly a challenge when designing Urban Interaction Design concepts, as combinations of variables play a role in how the design will be received by the audience. Observing the design challenges for Urban Interaction Design and applying knowledge to architectural representation, potentially an alternative sketching process can be developed to alleviate the disparity between the conceptual design and post fabrication. This paper discusses an experimental process of using wireless spatial sensing devices to digitize physical spaces in real-time and to use on-the-spot analysis. In its conclusion the paper argues that this method enables the designer to gain advanced conceptual understandings of the intended space and thus make more informed decisions.
Friction Stir Welding of ISO 3183 X 80 M ( API 5 L X 80 ) joints

Friction Stir Welding is a solid-state joining process with numerous advantages as good dimensional stability and repeatability. 12 mm thick plates of ISO 3183 X80M steel were friction stir welded towards to obtain different heat inputs. Microhardness tests revealed that joints produced with lower spindle speeds showed lower hardness. The bend tests results revealed no cracks. All the tensile tests samples broke at the base metal, indicating the joint region higher strength, when compared to the base metal. Friction stir welding process parameters that produce fully consolidated and good toughness 12 mm thick joints on X80M plates have been developed. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process with numerous advantages as good dimensional stability and repeatability, which has huge potential use for critical applications involving high melting temperature alloys (Fig. 1) [1-2]. 12 mm thick plates of ISO 3183 X80M (API 5L X80) steel were friction stir welded using two passes on both sides of the plate. PCBN tools were used. Different heat inputs were obtained using a fix travel (welding) speed in combination with several spindle speeds. The ISO 3183 X80M (API 5L X80) base material (BM) presented a microstructure formed by Ferrite (F), Degenerated Perlite (DP) and Martensite-Austenite constituent (MA). The heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructure was composed by F, some carbides, and MA. The microstructure of the stir zone (SZ) presented F, M-A constituent, and degenerated upper Bainite (DUB). Micro-hardness tests revealed that joints produced with lower spindle speeds presented lower hardness at the SZ. On the other hand, the HAZ hardness was not influenced by the used process parameters. The SZ of joints produced with higher spindle speeds presented higher hardness and moderate toughness, which is explained by the presence of deleterious micro-constituents (bainitic microstructures) (Fig. 2). The welded joints were also subjected to bend and tensile tests, which were performed according to ISO 3183: 2007. The bend test results revealed no cracks. All the tensile tests samples broke at the BM, indicating the joint region higher strength, when compared to the BM. Friction stir welding process parameters that produce fully consolidated and good toughness 12 mm thick joints on ISO 3183 X80M (API-5L-X80) plates have been developed. Therefore, this unprecedented result will for sure bring a great deal of attention to this new process development for critical applications in the energy generation industry, especially for advanced construction and repair applications[1-3].
Observer techniques applied to the control of piezoelectric Microactuators.

— We present here the use of sensors, ob- servers and self-sensing techniques to control piezoelectric actuators, particularly piezocantielevers. First, the feedback control with full measurements (all variables are measured) is presented. Because of the lack of convenient sensors for the microworld, non-full measurements combined with observer techniques is proposed. Finally, the self-sensing principle, where the actuator is at the same time sensor, is applied and used for the feedback.
Autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases : an update

The impact of autoimmune diseases has grown exponentially both from a clinical and a diagnostic point of view in the last two decades. The knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases contributed to identify new autoantibodies and new diagnostic/prognostic assays have been developed. The most recent example is represented by the autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides that have been demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis and the prognosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and have been included in the new classification criteria. There is growing evidence that the characterization of the autoantibody profile rather than the detection of a single positivity can offer more information from a diagnostic point of view. Moreover, the autoantibody profile may identify the risk for developing specific organ involvement, so becoming important also from a prognostic point of view. As a consequence new diagnostic techniques have been developed with the aim to detect multiple autoantibody specificities. The increasing number of the available methods and the spreading of autoimmunity testing make the problem of quality control and the clinical interpretation of particular concern. In addition, the use of new systems for autoantibodies raises the problem of their clinical significance in comparison with that of “hystorical” methods.
Outcomes of Stages of Change for Physical Activity in a Falls Prevention Clinic

Editor-in-Chief Tommy Boone, PhD, MBA Review Board Todd Astorino, PhD Julien Baker, PhD Steve Brock, PhD Lance Dalleck, PhD Eric Goulet, PhD Robert Gotshall, PhD Alexander Hutchison, PhD M. Knight-Maloney, PhD Len Kravitz, PhD James Laskin, PhD Yit Aun Lim, PhD Lonnie Lowery, PhD Derek Marks, PhD Cristine Mermier, PhD Robert Robergs, PhD Chantal Vella, PhD Dale Wagner, PhD Frank Wyatt, PhD Ben Zhou, PhD
ATLANTIC HURRICANE FORECAST AND CLIMATOLOGICAL IMPACTS : A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

A better prediction of future hurricane activity, in general, leads to better estimation of future insured catastrophe losses. Catastrophe models employ complex mathematical techniques to generate forecasts of both loss frequency and severity. Even with the availability of powerful computers, these applications (mathematical models) can be time consuming and quite expensive. However, no matter how reliable and intelligent these individual prediction models are, they are subject to inherent and epistemic uncertainty that has a significant impact on the estimation of event losses. As Powers (2006) indicates, the problem with forecasting catastrophes is the absence of extensive data validation, given the short length of record with high-quality data. In the first part of this study we consider one of the most publicly discussed forecasting models introduced by Gray (1984) and compare it to a simple forecasting alternative (similar to the study done by Powers, 2006). Gray (1984) generated a complex methodological and statistical model of global weather patterns to predict the number of named tropical storms and hurricanes originated in the Atlantic Basin. Prior to the start of each Atlantic Hurricane Season, Gray’s model makes seasonal forecasts in early December, April, June and August (As of December 2011, Colorado State University no longer issues December hurricane forecasts for the upcoming Atlantic Hurricane Season). For the purpose of this study, we only consider and compare the August prediction numbers from Gray’s analysis for the time interval of 1990 to 2011. In our simple alternative, the historical hurricane record from 1900 to 1989 is taken from the NHC data-set and is employed to predict the hurricane activity for years between 1990 and 2011 using technical analysis. An ARIMA technique is used to model the behavior of the Atlantic hurricanes. As shown in Figure 1, the hurricane frequency series (1900 – 2011) is nonstationary, where the mean is slightly increasing over time.
IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF 7 ap , A SHORT PROTEIN TRANSLATED FROM AN ALTERNATIVE FRAME OF ORF 7 OF PRRSV

Sequence analysis revealed a short alternative open reading frame (ORF) named ORF7a within the nucleocapsid gene of genetically divergent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genomes. Alignment of the corresponding protein sequences (named 7ap) revealed substantial heterogeneity among 7aps of different genotypes, though all of them are predicted to be positively charged. Green fluorescent protein and FLAG fusion constructs of ORF7a of the HU-14432/2011 PRRSV demonstrated that 7ap is expressed. 7ap of HU14432/2011 (Hu7ap) was synthesised chemically, and ELISA experiments revealed that Hu7ap binds strongly to mammalian IgGs. Protein-protein gel retardation assays and complement fixation inhibition suggest that 7aps bind to the CH2 domain of the IgG(Fc) fragment. Cellular localisation and immunological characteristics of PRRSV 7ap may indicate multiple functions including nuclear and cytoplasmic over-tuning of normal cellular processes and immunosuppression.
Design and evaluation of Carvedilol nanocrystals sustained release tablets

1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy. Perinthalmanna Kerala – 679325, India. 3 Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet 518126, Andhra Pradesh, India. 4 Department of Pharmaceutics, Kampala International University, Kiu Western Campus, Uganda. 5 Mother Theresa Postgraduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry605006, India.
Effect of Extrudate Swell , Nozzle Shape , and Convergence Zone on Fiber Orientation in Fused Deposition Modeling Nozzle Flow

Recent advances for improving the mechanical properties of materials used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) include the addition of carbon fibers to the filament feedstock. During processing, the flow field within the polymer melt orients the fiber suspension, which is important to quantify since fiber orientation influences mechanical and thermal properties. This paper presents a computational approach for evaluating polymer melt flow and fiber orientation within a FDM nozzle taking into consideration the converging flow in the nozzle, fluid expansion caused by extrudate swell, and nozzle exit shape. Finite elements are used to evaluate the Stoke’s flow in an axisymmetric nozzle and fiber orientation tensors are evaluated along streamlines within the flow using the Fast Exact Closure and Folgar-Tucker isotropic rotary diffusion. Fiber orientation is shown to increase in the shear-dominated flow through the nozzle, however, alignment is found to decrease in the expansion flow of the die swell.
Activation of Hip and Knee Muscles During two Landing Tasks Performed by Male Volleyball Athletes

1. Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior (LaBiCoM) – State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2.Institute Brazil of Health Technologies – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3. Program of Biomedical Engineering – PEB/COPPE – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4. Post-graduation Program in Mechanical Engineering – UNESP/ FEG – São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences – State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Guest Editors’ Introduction

After preliminary foundational work of William Harper and Issac Levi, it was only 30 years ago when the formal study of belief change or, as it is alternatively called, theory change started. The seminal work was due to Carlos Alchourrón, Peter Gärdenfors and David Makinson, a trio of researchers that was soon widely referred to by the acronym “AGM”. During the 1980s, AGM introduced a qualitative model of belief change that acknowledged three doxastic attitudes, namely, belief, disbelief and nonbelief. The problem of belief change is how these attitudes should rationally change in response to new information. Two kinds of operations were regarded as central: Revision is the transformation of beliefs that happens if some new piece of information is to be incorporated into the body of a reasoner’s beliefs; especially relevant is the case in which the new information contradicts his or her beliefs. Contraction is what happens if some piece of information is to be discarded from the body of the reasoner’s beliefs. It seems fair to say that the AGM model has been very well corroborated as a model for belief change in the case in which information comes or goes in a single package, both at a certain instant in time and over a stretch of time. The 25th anniversary of the central paper of AGM [1] on partial meet contraction and revision has recently been celebrated in a special
From the editor

SIR,-The editorial by Drs Gandy and Rennie on antibiotic treatment of suspected neonatal meningitis has provided a timely review of an important neonatal problem. ' We were surprised to see the use of intraventricular aminoglycosides being advocated for the treatment of Gram negative meningitis, as there is now considerable evidence to suggest that intraventricular treatment is not only ineffective, but may, in addition, be hazardous. We were further disappointed to read the authors' rebuttal of the important arguments made by Drs Short2 and Tarlow3 in their subsequent letters to the editor. The argument put forward by Gandy and Rennie rests on the observation that the aminoglycosides do not penetrate well into the cerebrospinal fluid, and adequate cerebrospinal fluid concentrations to treat Gram negative bacillary meningitis are not achieved when aminoglycosides are administered intravenously. In the past, intrathecal aminoglycosides seemed a logical form of treatment. Since the introduction of the third generation cephalosporins, however, the position has changed. These agents are highly active against Escherichia coli and other coliforms, and when administered intravenously, achieved cerebrospinal fluid concentrations several times the minimal inhibitory concentration for these organisms.4 It is therefore difficult to justify the use of intraventricular treatment. The authors seem unconvinced by two multicentre trials of intrathecal aminoglycosides in neonatal meningitis. ' Not only was no benefit derived from aminoglycosides given by either the lumbar or the intraventricular route, but the mortality was higher in the patients receiving intraventricular treatment. The authors also avoid the worrying evidence that suggests that the administration of intraventricular aminoglycosides results in higher cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of endotoxin and cytokines than seen after systemic treatment alone.6 In view of the increasing evidence that bacterial toxins and host inflammatory mediators are responsible for the damage to the central nervous system associated with bacterial meningitis,3 treatment that increases cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of these substances should be avoided. The arguments that have developed subsequent to the annotation on the antibiotic treatment of suspected neonatal meningitis highlight the different philosophical approaches to what makes good paediatric practice. We believe that practice should be guided by the results of published therapeutic trials rather than personal belief. As the only trials to date have demonstrated a poorer outcome in patients receiving intraventricular aminoglycosides, this form of treatment should not be advocated.
Toward a Phonetic Representation of Signs: Sequentiality and Contrast

In this paper we examine the theory of the structure of signs that grew from Stokoe’s (1965) proposals. We begin by examining argument for the structural simultaneity of signs by examining claims about how signs contrast and how cheremes function. Historically, such discussions have involved three claims: (1) that signs are composed of a single handshape, a single location, and a sequence of movements, and (2) that these structural aspects account for contrast between signs in the same way that phonemes account for contrast in spoken languages, and (3) that this is evidence of dual patterning. Using a number of different examples, we evaluate these claims from the perspective of the standard definitions of contrast and duality of pattern, showing that discussions drawn from this reasoning are not consistent with standard notions of the phoneme or of double articulation and duality of pattern. We suggest that, if signed languages in fact are structured in the way Stokoe proposed—an approach maintained even in recent work (Meir et al. 2007, 537–39)—then the phoneme and notions of duality of pattern must be redefined for signed languages. We demonstrate, however, that the putative simultaneity proposed by this model does not adequately represent actual observations about the structure of signing and conclude that a model with inherent sequentiality of segments provides a more precise description of signs. We evaluate several such models, finding each to be inadequate, and end with the claim that an adequate descriptive system for signed languages will employ sequential segments. Such a system would be consistent with notions of contrast and duality of pattern developed for other languages.