Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lcture versus role modeling: Acomparison of educational programs to enhance residents’ ability to communicate with patients about HIV

This project compared lecture with role modeling as two educational interventions to enhance residents’ ability to communicate with patients about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A randomized split‐plot design compared residents’ knowledge and performance skills before and after each of the two educational interventions. Residents’ knowledge was evaluated by use of a 26‐item HIV questionnaire. Simulated patient interactions were used to assess residents’ performance. Lecture and modeling groups showed significant increases in knowledge scores, p < . 0002, and performance scores, F(l, 6) = 76.08, p < . 0001, from preintervention to postintervention testing. A significant interaction was found between time of test (before vs. after intervention) and educational intervention (lecture vs. modeling) for both knowledge and performance scores. The modeling group did significantly better from preintervention to postintervention testing compared to the lecture group for both knowledge scores, F(l, 6) = 9.78,.
Ghrelin family of peptides and gut motility

Acyl ghrelin, des‐acyl ghrelin, and obestatin are three peptides isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and encoded by the same preproghrelin gene. Three ghrelin gene products participate in modulating appetite, adipogenesis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, immune, sleep, memory, anxiety, cognition, and stress. We have investigated the effects of ghrelin family of peptides on fed and fasted motor activities in the stomach and duodenum of freely moving conscious rats by manometric method. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intravenous (IV) administration of acyl ghrelin induced fasted motor activity in the duodenum in fed rats. ICV and IV administration of des‐acyl ghrelin disrupted fasted motor activity in the antrum. Changes in gastric motility induced by IV administration of des‐acyl ghrelin were antagonized by ICV administration of a corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) 2 receptor antagonist. IV administration of obestatin decreased the percentage motor index in the antrum and prolonged the time taken to return to fasted motility in the duodenum in fed rats. ICV administration of CRF 1 and 2 receptor antagonists prevented the effects of obestatin on gastroduodenal motility. Ghrelin gene products regulate feeding‐associated gastroduodenal motility. Stomach may regulate various functions including gastrointestinal motility via acyl ghrelin, des‐acyl ghrelin and obestatin as an endocrine organ. Increasing knowledge of the effects of ghrelin family of peptides on gastrointestinal motility could lead to innovative new therapies for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
The variability of secondary metabolites in mentha × piperita cv . ‘perpeta’ during the development of inflorescence

Abstract Mentha × piperita (L.) Huds. of the family Lamiaceae is a very important species for commercial exploitation due to the high content of essential oil. Besides the essential oils, there are also other significant secondary metabolites in peppermint, especially flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. In this study, we evaluate the variability of essential oil constituents and of phenolic compounds in the leaves of M. × piperita during the development of inflorescence. Similar studies, dealing with the variation of the essential oils and its composition, have been performed in the past, but no attention was paid to the variation of other secondary metabolites. We examined M. × piperita cv. ‘Perpeta’, the domestic cultivar. The plants were cultivated in the climatic conditions of south-west Slovakia. The contents of secondary metabolites were investigated in the week periods, from the beginning of inflorescence formation to the end of flowering. The yield and the quality of essential oil have been carried out by distillation and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phenolic substances were analysed using spectrophotometric methods according to European Pharmacopoeia. The highest contents of phenolic substances have been found in leaves of plants during the flowering phenophase, the same stage when essential oil of mint also achieves the highest quality.
Yoga in Pregnancy: An Examination of Maternal and Fetal Responses to 26 Yoga Postures

OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute maternal and fetal effects of yoga postures and suspected contraindicated postures in a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester. METHODS: This was a prospective study that evaluated pregnant women between 35 0/7 and 37 6/7 weeks of gestation in a one-on-one yoga session. A baseline nonstress test, vital signs, and pulse oximetry were performed. Participants then assumed 26 yoga postures. Vital signs, pulse oximetry, tocometry, and continuous fetal heart rate monitoring were obtained in each posture. Postsession nonstress test, vital signs, and pulse oximetry were obtained. Participants were contacted 24 hours postsession. RESULTS: Twenty-five healthy pregnant women were evaluated. Ten reported regular yoga practice, eight were familiar with yoga, and seven had no yoga experience. Yoga groups were similar in age, race, body mass index, gestational age, and parity. Presession and postsession nonstress tests were reactive. Presession and postsession data showed no change in maternal heart rate, temperature, pulse oximetry, or fetal heart rate. During the 26 yoga postures, vital signs, pulse oximetry, and uterine tocometry remained normal in all women and in all postures. The fetal heart rate across all 26 postures was normal. There were no falls or injuries during the total cumulative 650 poses. No participants reported decreased fetal movement, contractions, leakage of fluid, or vaginal bleeding in the 24-hour follow-up. CONCLUSION: All 26 yoga postures were well-tolerated with no acute adverse maternal physiologic or fetal heart rate changes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Abstract S1-7: Lack of Correlation between Gene Variants in Tamoxifen Metabolizing Enymes with Primary Endpoints in the ATAC Trial.

Background. A number of studies have provided widely heterogeneous results for and against the hypothesis that genetic variants in drug metabolizing enzymes can influence patient response to tamoxifen. Most of these studies are confounded by relatively small numbers of patients, lack of comprehensive genotype information, lack of detailed clinical outcome data, and patient selection biases. The ATAC trial was a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial designed to compare the adjuvant use of anastrozole versus tamoxifen for 5 years. The trial9s detailed efficacy and safety data, long term (10-year) follow-up and high number of events make it an ideal setting for pharmacogenetic analyses. Here we report our initial findings testing for correlations with SNPs in CYP2D6 and UGT2B7, the primary enzymes responsible for the presumed activation and inactivation of tamoxifen, respectively, with clinical outcomes including any disease recurrence, distant recurrence, and overall survival. Methods: CYP2D6 genotype data for the 7 most common alleles were used to assign each patient a ‘score’ based on predicted allele activities from 0 (no activity) to 2 (high activity). Patients were also tested for the UGT2B7*2 variant, which has lower enzymatic activity and has been shown to correlate with higher serum endoxifen concentrations. All genotype determinations were made without knowledge of the patient9s treatment assignment or outcomes. Results: Comprehensive CYP2D6 genotype data were obtained on 588 and 615 patients randomized to receive tamoxifen, and anastrozole, respectively. After median 10 years of follow-up, there were 115 recurrences in the tamoxifen cohort. We found no associations between any of the CYP2D6 scores and rates of recurrence in tamoxifen treated patients. A test for trend across CYP2D6 scores was not significant. In the anastrozole cohort, there were 92 recurrences, and there was no evidence of an association between CYP2D6 score with rates of recurrence. Likewise, there was no detectable association in either the tamoxifen or anastrozole group with UGT2B7 genotype alone or in combination with CYP2D6 score. Concomitant SSRI usage was recorded in these patients and is being assessed for possible impact on these results. Conclusion: These data from a large prospective clinical trial, with detailed outcome data and long-term follow-up do not support the hypothesis that patient with decreased CYP2D6 enzymatic activity receive less benefit from tamoxifen therapy compared to wild-type CYP2D6 patients. Variants in drug targets and estrogen signaling pathways may be the genetic basis for patient variability in anti-estrogen risk versus benefit profiles. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S1-7.
Near‐field dosimetry for in vitro exposure of human cells at 60 GHz

Due to the expected mass deployment of millimeter‐wave wireless technologies, thresholds of potential millimeter‐wave‐induced biological and health effects should be carefully assessed. The main purpose of this study is to propose, optimize, and characterize a near‐field exposure configuration allowing illumination of cells in vitro at 60 GHz with power densities up to several tens of mW/cm2. Positioning of a tissue culture plate containing cells has been optimized in the near‐field of a standard horn antenna operating at 60 GHz. The optimal position corresponds to the maximal mean‐to‐peak specific absorption rate (SAR) ratio over the cell monolayer, allowing the achievement of power densities up to 50 mW/cm2 at least. Three complementary parameters have been determined and analyzed for the exposed cells, namely the power density, SAR, and temperature dynamics. The incident power density and SAR have been computed using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The temperature dynamics at different locations inside the culture medium are measured and analyzed for various power densities. Local SAR, determined based on the initial rate of temperature rise, is in a good agreement with the computed SAR (maximal difference of 5%). For the optimized exposure setup configuration, 73% of cells are located within the ±3 dB region with respect to the average SAR. It is shown that under the considered exposure conditions, the maximal power density, local SAR, and temperature increments equal 57 mW/cm2, 1.4 kW/kg, and 6 °C, respectively, for the radiated power of 425 mW. Bioelectromagnetics 33:55–64, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of traffic variations on exposure to wireless signals in realistic environments

In this article, the general public daily exposure to broadcast signals and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile telephone signals in indoor areas is investigated. Temporal variations and traffic distributions during a day at different indoor sites in urban and rural zones are presented. The goal is to analyze the real exposure compared to the maximum assessment imposed by radio protection standards and to characterize the ratio between daily and maximum theoretical values. Hence, a realistic maximum is proposed based on the statistical analysis performed using measurements. Broadcast signals remain constant over the day so they are best fitted with a Normal distribution while the mobile telephone signals depend on the traffic demand during the day so they fit a three‐Gaussian distribution model. A general mask is also constructed for underlining the maximum equivalent active traffic for different periods in the day. Also, relations between the mean values over 24 h, the realistic maximal values (at 99%) and the maximal theoretical values are presented. The realistic maximum is also presented with a sliding time average of 6 min applied to the measurements in accordance with international standards. An extrapolation factor is given for the different systems to easily assess the maximum values starting from an instantaneous measurement. The extrapolation factor is also given for a broadband measurement to estimate the maximum potential exposure during the day. Bioelectromagnetics 33:288–297, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tolerance of Elder Abuse and Attitudes Toward Third-Party Intervention Among African American, Korean American, and White Elderly

SUMMARY Studies have found that professionals and the lay public differ consistently from one another in the ways in which they perceive elder abuse. A potential variable that may explain this observed difference is cultural norms among ethnic groups. Using 18 statements, this study examined similarities and differences among elderly from three ethnic groups in their tolerance for potential elder abuse, perceptions regarding perpetrators and the causes of elder abuse, and attitudes toward third-party intervention and reporting of elder abuse to the authorities. Results suggest that while African American and White elderly are remarkably similar in their responses to most statements, Korean American elderly differed significantly from the other two groups in their tolerance for medical mistreatment, financial exploitation and neglect, perceptions of causes, and attitudes toward reporting elder abuse. These findings have implications for understanding potential barriers to preventive outreach efforts, investigation, and intervention in cases of elder abuse in a culturally diverse community.
Effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on proliferation of human epidermal stem cells: An in vitro study

To investigate the effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the proliferation of epidermal stem cells, human epidermal stem cells (hESC) were isolated, expanded ex vivo, and then exposed to a low frequency EMF. The test and control cells were placed under the same environment. The test cells were exposed for 30 min/day to a 5 mT low frequency EMF at 1, 10, and 50 Hz for 3, 5, or 7 days. The effects of low frequency EMF on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell‐surface antigen phenotype were investigated. Low frequency EMF significantly enhanced the proliferation of hESC in the culture medium in a frequency‐dependent manner, with the highest cell proliferation rate at 50 Hz (P < 0.05). Exposure to a low frequency EMF significantly increased the percentage of cells at the S phase of the cell cycle, coupled with a decrease in the percentage of cells in the G1 phase (P < 0.05) but the effect was not frequency dependent. The percentage of CD29+/CD71− cells remained unchanged in the low frequency EMF‐exposed hESC. The results suggested that low frequency EMF influenced hESC proliferation in vitro, and this effect was related to the increased proportion of cells at the S phase. Bioelectromagnetics 34:74–80, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer in the human eye under millimeter wave exposure

Human exposure to millimeter wave (MMW) radiation is expected to increase in the next several years. In this work, we present a thermal model of the human eye under MMW illumination. The model takes into account the fluid dynamics of the aqueous humor and predicts a frequency‐dependent reversal of its flow that also depends on the incident power density. The calculated maximum fluid velocity in the anterior chamber and the temperature rise at the corneal apex are reported for frequencies from 40 to 100 GHz and different values of incident power density. Bioelectromagnetics 34:291–299, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of human brain exposure to low‐frequency magnetic fields: A numerical assessment of spatially averaged electric fields and exposure limits

Compliance with the established exposure limits for the electric field (E‐field) induced in the human brain due to low‐frequency magnetic field (B‐field) induction is demonstrated by numerical dosimetry. The objective of this study is to investigate the dependency of dosimetric compliance assessments on the applied methodology and segmentations. The dependency of the discretization uncertainty (i.e., staircasing and field singularity) on the spatially averaged peak E‐field values is first determined using canonical and anatomical models. Because spatial averaging with a grid size of 0.5 mm or smaller sufficiently reduces the impact of artifacts regardless of tissue size, it is a superior approach to other proposed methods such as the 99th percentile or smearing of conductivity contrast. Through a canonical model, it is demonstrated that under the same uniform B‐field exposure condition, the peak spatially averaged E‐fields in a heterogeneous model can be significantly underestimated by a homogeneous model. The frequency scaling technique is found to introduce substantial error if the relative change in tissue conductivity is significant in the investigated frequency range. Lastly, the peak induced E‐fields in the brain tissues of five high‐resolution anatomically realistic models exposed to a uniform B‐field at ICNIRP and IEEE reference levels in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 kHz show that the reference levels are not always compliant with the basic restrictions. Based on the results of this study, a revision is recommended for the guidelines/standards to achieve technically sound exposure limits that can be applied without ambiguity. Bioelectromagnetics 34:375–384, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tendon needling for treatment of tendinopathy: A systematic review

Abstract Objective. To summarize the best available evidence to determine if tendon needling is an effective treatment for tendinopathy. Data source. Medline and Cochrane Databases through November 2013. Review methods. Utilizing the search terms tendinopathy, needle, needling, tenotomy, dry needling, needling tendon, needle fenestration, and tendon fenestration, 17 articles were identified through our systematic literature search. Of these, 4 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four independent reviewers reviewed the articles. The study results and generated conclusions were agreed upon. Results. The studies that were included in this review suggest that tendon needling improves patient reported outcomes in patients with tendinopathy. In 2 studies evaluating tendon needling in lateral epicondylosis, one showed an improvement in a subjective visual analogue scale score of 34% (significant change > 25%) from baseline at 6 months. The other showed an improvement of 56.1% in a visual analogue scale score from baseline. In 1 study evaluating tendon needling in addition to eccentric therapy for Achilles tendinosis, the subjective Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) score improved by 19.9 (significant change > 10) (95% CI, 13.6–26.2) from baseline. In 1 study evaluating tendon needling in rotator cuff tendinosis, the subjective shoulder pain and disability index showed statistical significant improvement from baseline at 6 months (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The evidence suggests that tendon needling improves patient-reported outcome measures in patients with tendinopathy. There is a trend that shows that the addition of autologous blood products may further improve theses outcomes.
Short-term cessation of statin therapy does not alter aerobic exercise performance in physically active middle-aged adults

Abstract Objectives: Physically active adults may be especially vulnerable to the adverse muscular side effects of statins. We determined if short-term cessation of statin therapy would improve aerobic exercise performance in middle-aged adults engaged in regular aerobic exercise training. Methods: Physically active middle-aged adults on statin therapy ≥6 mo (n = 16; 58 ± 10 y) or not taking lipid-lowering medications (controls) (n = 19; 51 ± 9 y) completed a peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and time to exhaustion test on a cycle ergometer 2-7 d apart. Tests were repeated following 1 mo of statin cessation or a 1 mo period for controls. Questionnaires were administered to assess exercise history and muscle complaints. Results: Statin users reported little or no muscle complaints and participation in aerobic exercise was similar between groups (p≥0.13). The lower VO2peak (37.3 ± 9.0 vs. 43.1 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min; p = 0.02) and time to exhaustion (21.9 ± 4.4 vs. 26.0 ± 6.3 min; p = 0.04) in statin users versus controls did not persist after controlling for age (p≥0.08). Aerobic exercise performance did not change with 1 mo of statin cessation (p≥0.54). No changes were observed in controls when tests were repeated 1 mo later (p≥0.38). Conclusion: Short-term cessation of statin therapy does not alter maximal aerobic capacity or aerobic endurance in physically active middle-aged adults with few or no statin muscle complaints.
Assessment of human body influence on exposure measurements of electric field in indoor enclosures

Personal exposure meters (PEMs) used for measuring exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) are typically used in epidemiological studies. As is well known, these measurement devices cause a perturbation of real EMF exposure levels due to the presence of the human body in the immediate proximity. This paper aims to model the alteration caused by the body shadow effect (BSE) in motion conditions and in indoor enclosures at the Wi‐Fi frequency of 2.4 GHz. For this purpose, simulation techniques based on ray‐tracing have been carried out, and their results have been verified experimentally. A good agreement exists between simulation and experimental results in terms of electric field (E‐field) levels, and taking into account the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the spatial distribution of amplitude. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test provides a P‐value greater than 0.05, in fact close to 1. It has been found that the influence of the presence of the human body can be characterized as an angle of shadow that depends on the dimensions of the indoor enclosure. The CDFs show that the E‐field levels in indoor conditions follow a lognormal distribution in the absence of the human body and under the influence of BSE. In conclusion, the perturbation caused by BSE in PEMs readings cannot be compensated for by correction factors. Although the mean value is well adjusted, BSE causes changes in CDF that would require improvements in measurement protocols and in the design of measuring devices to subsequently avoid systematic errors. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:118–132, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.