Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unbundled : A Framework for Connecting Safety Nets and Humanitarian Assistance in Refugee Settings

The debate on if and how to connect humanitarian assistance for refugees with national social protection systems can elicit polarizing views. Hence, it is not unusual to observe country-level approaches getting somewhat ‘stuck’ – especially where refugees represent a sizable share of the population: from a donor perspective, the question is how can governments be persuaded to be more inclusive; from a government standpoint, it faces disproportionate political and economic risks from “being left with the bill”; and from the international humanitarian agencies viewpoint, there might be quandaries on how to reconcile commitments to neutrality and independence with those to respecting the primary responsibility of governments. These stylized views are legitimate, but their combined effect may generate competing narratives and little negotiating space among the multiple actors involved. The net result might be the endurance of a sub-optimal dual systems operating in parallel – one for refugees, one for citizens. The framework laid out in this paper attempts to facilitate the identification of workable pathways for progress among actors. Instead of framing the humanitarian-social protection links as an ‘either-or’ choice, the framework includes a more granular analysis of how collaborations may emerge around select programmatic ‘functions’, as well as the ‘degrees’ of possible connection between national and international support within a given function.
Modification by extraluminal and intraluminal N G nitro L arginine of neurally induced pressor response of mesenteric artery segments

AIM To observe the effects of extraluminal and intraluminal N G nitro L arginine ( L NA) on electrical stimulation induced pressor response in perfused rat mesenteric artery segments. METHODS The perfusion pressure was measured via a pressure transducer placed upstream of the artery segment from rat on an inkwriting oscillograph.RESULTS In isolated, perfused rat mesenteric artery segments, intraluminal infused L NA potentiated the pressor response to transmural electrical stimulation, as did extraluminal L NA. L arginine reversed the potentiating effect of L NA. Intraluminal L NA did not increase the basal pressure and the response to norepinephrine. The arterial endothelium and media do not seem to interfere with the access of intraluminal L NA to perivascular nerve terminals. CONCLUSION Intravenously applied NO synthase inhibitors are not necessarily considered to act solely on the endothelium but also apparently affect nerves distributed in the adventitia, and interfere with vasodilator, nitroxidergic nerve function, thus potentiating the respose to adrenergic nerve stimulation.
The Norwegian Petroleum Fund as Institutionalized Self-Restraint

In economies abundant with natural resources, public leadership tends to lessen public value, diminishing assets that could benefit the population at large. The Norwegian macro-economic regime, balancing current spending with long-term interests, compares favourably to most other cases of large resource-driven income streams. While Norway had the institutional capability to reform, this policy is also an example of successful public leadership creating large public and social value. This chapter explores the role of public leadership in establishing the Petroleum Fund, and the relationship between political and administrative leadership. It finds that deft political leadership was vital in the three main government decisions that shaped Norwegian economic policy. In fact, the role of heroic leadership in the Fund’s history was larger than expected, although the key factor was a series of constructive interactions between political leaders and astute public managers.
The Fall of Sears from within: How Customer Sentiments Refuted Retail Capital and Authority

This research aims to understand the relationship between Sears Holdings Corporation and its customers, while exploiting feedback from customers to identify reasons for Sears’ decline. The problem statement is dependent on identifying aspects that affect consumer behavior most and linking a connection to the increased number of dissatisfied Sears’ customers. In order to analyze this phenomenon, customer attitudes were compiled over the key four years of Sears history using a customer sentiment analysis. This empirical method of research was chosen because of the large impact that consumer sentiments have on spending, allowing the development of both internal and external views of Sears to fully access the company’s well-being. Store image, store layout, customer disloyalty, and employee mindset were all examined in the production of this study. The research concludes that many of Sears’ customer issues arose from failure to act internally, resulting in further decline of the company, along with miscommunication and the inability to be competitive. Primary issues found in each of the four years studied were identified, with problems in the service and delivery department seen most frequently. Issues involving employee attitudes towards customers were also noted, along with Sears’ failure to work with customers through issues involving products purchased at Sears. This study reiterates the prominence of a robust relationship between a company and its customers. The plunge in Sears’ profits over the past decade have been driven in part by customer disloyalty, exposing the power that a customer holds to Sears Holdings Corporation. Many of the emerging problems from a consumer standpoint arose from the difference between the service expected by the customer and the service that was provided, often with gaps and shortcomings. The analysis of sentiments also reveal issues about reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles that were the five dimensions of SERVQUAL measurement. Further research on sentiment contents was suggested.
Research on the Influence Path of Executive Characteristics and Social Responsibility Empirical Data from China

On the surface, The fulfillment of social responsibility is whether a company has actively assumed responsibility for society. But from the perspective of internal decision-making, executives are the most important factor. Corporate executives are a key factor in the decision-making and execution of social responsibility strategies. This paper studies the characteristics of executives and social responsibility, and detailed analysis the reasons why executive characteristics affect social responsibility performance. The research in this paper finds that no matter how to control the research caliber, salary and shareholding ratio can promote the fulfillment of social responsibility. Keywords—company executive; gender; age; salary; shareholding; CSR; impact path
A Jurisprudential Overview of the Legal Obstacles to the Creation of New Local Governments in Nigeria Since 1999*

Local Governments constitute the last level of government in all countries where they exist and form the link between the grassroot, the State Governments (Regional) and the Federal Government (Central). A properly managed Local Government system will bring development to the rural areas of the country, train up-coming politicians for participating in national politics and create jobs for the young and the old. Local Governments had existed in Nigeria before colonialism and had continued to be after independence in 1960 where each Region adopted her own system of Local Government until 1976 when the Federal Military Government decreed Unified Local Government System in the whole country. The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1979 adopted Unified Local Government System in section 7 of the Constitution just as the 1999 Constitution in section 8 provided for very stringent procedure for the creation of Local Governments amongst other obnoxious provisions which have made nonsense of the possibility of creating new Local Governments in the country. This paper argues that looking at what obtains in established democracies such as U.S.A, Brazil, India etc; that time has come for the obstacles stopping the creation of new Local Government Areas in Nigeria to be removed from the Constitution to allow this important level of government to be multiplied in the country for expanded and even development of the nation. Keywords: Local government, obstacles, constitutional amendments, creation, even development. DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/90-03 Publication date :October 31 st 2019
Capacidades dinâmicas, capacidades operacionais (educacional-marketing) e desempenho

Objetivo: Verificar a relacao entre as capacidades dinâmicas (CDs) e seu impacto no desempenho mediado pelas capacidades operacionais, considerando as capacidades tecnologicas educacionais e as capacidades de marketing, em instituicoes de ensino superior (IES) privadas no Brasil. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma survey com 1.932 instituicoes de ensino superior, com 316 insercoes validas. A pesquisa envolveu os construtos capacidades dinâmicas, capacidades operacionais, desempenho e dinamismo ambiental. Resultados: A pesquisa revelou a emergencia e a explicacao de um modelo concorrente com relacoes nao consideradas em modelos anteriores, ou seja, a influencia direta das capacidades educacionais tecnologicas sob as capacidades de marketing. Contribuicoes: Os resultados revelaram uma maior complexidade gerencial quando se trata da relacao entre CDs e desempenho e trazem contribuicoes para os estudos das IES no pais e para a pratica da gestao academica.
Testing for Convergence in Per Capita Income within ECOWAS

This paper tests for convergence in per capita income among ECOWAS member states. In particular, this paper applies the panel convergence procedure which has the ability to endogenously determine the existence of full convergence and convergence clubs. The study used the dip-test to check the robustness of the results from the panel convergence tests. To gain a better understanding of the issue of per capita income convergence within the community, the study is undertaken in three different time frames including the full, pre- and post-ECOWAS sample periods. The results reject the null hypothesis of full convergence in per capita income among ECOWAS member states during the full and two subsample periods. These results indicate that all of the countries have not converged to a single equilibrium state. However, the results did provide evidence of convergence clubs within ECOWAS member states during the full and two subsample periods. The results from the dip-test corroborate those from the panel convergence test in the sense that the null of hypothesis of full convergence is rejected. The failure to find evidence of full convergence highlights the need for ECOWAS member states to embark on more proactive economic policy coordination, especially in the areas of trade, fiscal and monetary policies. Test di convergenza nel reddito procapite nella Comunita economica degli Stati dell’Africa Occidentale Questo studio effettua test di convergenza nel reddito procapite nei paesi ECOWAS. Si applica la procedura panel di convergenza per determinare in modo endogeno l’esistenza di convergenza massima e di club di convergenza. E stato impiegato il dip-test per controllare la robustezza dei risultati di convergenza panel. Per meglio comprendere il problema della convergenza nel reddito procapite, lo studio e stato eseguito su tre intervalli temporali includendo sia periodi di appartenenza alla comunita che pre- e post- comunita. I risultati negano l’ipotesi di nullita di convergenza massima nel reddito procapite nei paesi membri, sia durante il periodo di appartenenza che nei due sotto-periodi. Quindi per nessun paese la convergenza ha un unico punto di equilibrio. Ci sono evidenze che indicano club di convergenza tra i paesi membri durante il periodo di appartenenza e durante i due sotto-periodi. I risultati del dip-test avvalorano quelli del test panel, quindi viene rigettata l’ipotesi nulla.
LEADERSHIP IN BRICS: FORECASTS AND REALITY

In 2015, for the first time since the creation of the BRIC acronym in 2001, China demonstrated GDP growth rates lower than the other BRIC/BRICS countries. The fact that India overtook China in terms of GDP growth made headlines around the globe and initiated a discussion in the expert and academic communities over the possibility of India becoming a new economic leader in the BRICS. By examining BRICS countries’ current and expected macroeconomic performance and by specifying roles they play in the international monetary and financial system this article aims to identify actual leading economic force in the BRICS. The focus of the research is put on the question whether India has capacity and strong prospects to replace China as a driver of the BRICS grouping in light of India’s recently improved economic performance. After comparing major macroeconomic indicators of the BRICS countries and revealing challenges that China and India face in the process of economic development and measures both governments undertake to tackle them, it further proceeds with an analysis of roles China and other BRICS countries play in the international monetary and financial system. A cross country comparison for the BRICS countries’ macroeconomic indicators and complex indexes reveals that China continues to be the leading force in this grouping in the economic realm. In terms of global economy agenda setting capacity and decision-making capacity, China is also far ahead of other BRICS countries. The article concludes that India’s recent successful economic development doesn’t provide enough grounds to claim its leadership role in the grouping; it is China that is set to remain the economic leader of the BRICS in the foreseen future.
Income Distribution and Terms-of-Trade under Generalized Returns to Scale and Capital Accumulation: Implications Using Classical Equilibrium Condition

This paper examines the implications of generalized returns to scale on the long-period equilibrium in an economy with 2 goods and 2 inputs where one of the inputs is a produced means of production. The Classical definition of long-period equilibrium defined by profit rates being equalized across sectors is used for closure. The model is initially characterized for a closed economy and then extended to a flexible-wage-North and surplus-labor-South model of trade where the North produces only capital and the South produces the consumption good using Northern capital. Neither full employment in the North nor balanced-growth of the integrated economy emerges under non-constant returns to scale. We characterize income distribution between labor and capital and movements of terms-of-trade between North and South.
Social partner involvement in collective skill formation governance. A comparison of Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland

Dual vocational education and training (VET) with social partner involvement in its governance can typically be found in collective skill formation systems. This article reviews the diversity of collective skill formation systems with a particular focus on their systemic governance. In particular, we look at the actors involved as well as how the systemic governance is organised in terms of corporatist decision-making bodies. The article shows that there are important cross-national differences. First, the social partners do not always participate in the decision-making at the political-strategic level. Second, social partner involvement is not always on equal terms (parity), with trade unions in some cases being less strongly involved. Third, differences in VET governance are particularly pronounced at the technical-operational level. Empirically, the article focuses on the five prototypical collective skill formation systems Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland.
Related Factors with the Depression in the Rural People

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and related to the factors among the rural people. The questionnaire survey using the Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D) was conducted in the rural people. The subjects were 226 individuals, living in the rural area. The results of this study were as follows. In this study, the prevalence of depression was 15.0% in all and 18.3% in the elderly. The prevalence rate was higher in non educational, widowhood, higher income group. The prevalence rate was lower in the group of having good health status, having no chronic disease, low stress level. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of the depression were stress level whereas there was no relation with other factors. Based on the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors of depression should be taken into consideration for the comprehensive mental health programs for the people living in the rural area.
Innovations in Transdermal Drug Delivery System- A Review

The number of medications and the ways in which they can be administered have expanded dramatically over the years. One such advance has been the development of transdermal delivery systems. The transdermal route of drug delivery has attracted researchers due to many biomedical advantages associated with it. However, excellent impervious nature of skin is the greatest challenge that has to be overcome for successfully delivery of the drug molecules to the systemic circulation via this route. Various types of transdermal approaches used to incorporate the active ingredients include use of prodrugs/lipophilic analogs, permeation enhancers, sub saturated systems and entrapment into vesicular systems. Innovations in technologies continue to occur at a positive rate, making the technology a fertile and vibrant. This article deals with the innovations in the field of TDDS to improve the release rate and other parameters and most suitable to the patient.
Cirugía endoscópica en niños y adolescentes con rinosinusitis: Perfil inmunológico y bacteriológico Endoscopic sinus surgery in children and adolescent with rhino sinusitis: Immunologic and bacteriologic profile

bacteriológico de los niños sometidos a cirugía en nuestro medio.demia Americana de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (AAO) elaboró una lista de sínto-mas y signos clínicos (hechos) para realizar el diag-nóstico de RS, considerando necesaria la presencia de al menos 2 factores mayores, o uno mayor y 2 menores. Los hechos mayores son dolor y/o pre-ABSTRACT Introduction: Rhino sinusitis is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of both sinuses and nostrils. It is determined by environmental and host factors that interact causing a persistent inflammatory condition that causes remodeling of the mucosa. Chief among these are allergy and other immune disorders with colonization by infectious agents. Aim: To determine the demographic, clinical, immunologic and infectious agents involved in chronic Rhino sinusitis (CRS) and Recurrent Acute Rhino sinusitis (RAR) in children and adolescents undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Establish the possible associations of these characteristics with the need for re operation and recurrence of the disease. Material and method: Retrospective observational study that evaluated 28 children and adolescents involved in the ENT department at Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile during the years 2000 to 2009. All study patients had preoperative Prick test, immune workout and intraoperative Para nasal mucosal biopsy and cultures of Para nasal secretion. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test for descriptive analysis and cluster analysis with Fisher Exact test. Results were considered significant with p <0.05 Results: We analyzed 28 patients, 89.2% had positive Prick test and 53.6% showed biopsy with eosinophilic inflammatory disease. 17% had some type of immune deficiency. Positive intraoperative cultures were obtained in 71% of the samples, mostly aerobic agents (57.1%), with 14.2% anaerobes and negatives cultures for fungi. Twenty seven patients had postoperative follow-up of 5 years. Four of them (14%) had to be re-operated. During the monitoring period, 22% developed RAR. It was considered a poor surgical outcome the need for re-operation or recurrence of RAR. We couldn't find association of variables with a poor outcome after surgery. Conclusion: It was not possible to demonstrate an association between the interacting factors in the genesis of CRS and RAR and poor surgical outcome in the studied series. However, we do have an orientation of how is the immune status and bacteriology of children undergoing surgery in our midst.
Aylan Kurdi, Twitter y la indignación efímera

espanolLa foto de Aylan Kurdi, tras haber naufragado con su familia, desperto la sensibilidad de la opinion publica internacional frente a una crisis europea que venia consolidandose tiempo atras. El presente trabajo hace un acercamiento al comportamiento e interactividad presentes en Twitter alrededor de la crisis migratoria en Europa. Tomando las cuentas de los principales influenciadores en este tema y analizando sus publicaciones desde el 30 de agosto hasta el 3 de diciembre de 2015, se busca demostrar que la crisis solo genero ruido y fue invisible para la opinion publica. Sin embargo, se hizo visible a traves del acontecimiento de la fotografia de Kurdi que luego desencadeno una shitstorm temporal, provoco una rapida anestesica colectiva y devolvio los hechos a su invisibilidad original. EnglishThe photo of Aylan Kurdi, the Syrian child who drowned after shipwrecking with his family, awakened international public concern in the face of a crisis that had already been established several months previously. This paper considers the behavior and interactivity taking place over Twitter with regards to the European migration crisis. Taking the accounts of the main influencers in this issue and analyzing their publications from August 30 to December 3 of 2015, the study seeks to demonstrate that the crisis was merely noise and was in fact invisible to public opinion. However, with the event of Kurdi’s photograph, setting off a temporary shitstorm that led to a rapid collective anesthetic, the events ultimately returned to their original invisibility.
Obduracy and Change in Urban Transport—Understanding Competition Between Sustainable Fuels in Swedish Municipalities

Within the renewable transport transition, a number of alternative technologies have emerged creating competing visions of how to reduce fossil fuel dependence. This paper examines the dynamics of competing fuels in two Swedish municipalities where electric buses have emerged, threatening incumbent biogas-based bus systems. While in Linköping, actors are resistant to the promise of electrification, in Malmö the shift to electrify urban buses has already begun. Here, the theoretical perspectives of obduracy and sociotechnical imaginaries are used to analyze obduracy and change in Linköping and Malmö, showing how the local contexts of these two municipalities influence obduracy or willingness to change. In Linköping, perceived connections between the biogas-based bus system and local infrastructures of renewable waste management and organic food production cause actors to place biogas buses at the center of a sustainable future region, while in Malmö linkages to the gas network (which also distributes natural gas) cause actors to question the sustainability of the fuel in use and opens up the city to welcome new electric vehicle tests. These examples show how fuel alternatives interact with each other in the wider renewable energy transition.