Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative Retrieval and Block Coding in Autoassociative and Heteroassociative Memory

Neural associative memories (NAM) are perceptron-like single-layer networks with fast synaptic learning typically storing discrete associations between pairs of neural activity patterns. Gripon and Berrou (2011) investigated NAM employing block coding, a particular sparse coding method, and reported a significant increase in storage capacity. Here we verify and extend their results for both heteroassociative and recurrent autoassociative networks. For this we provide a new analysis of iterative retrieval in finite autoassociative and heteroassociative networks that allows estimating storage capacity for random and block patterns. Furthermore, we have implemented various retrieval algorithms for block coding and compared them in simulations to our theoretical results and previous simulation data. In good agreement of theory and experiments, we find that finite networks employing block coding can store significantly more memory patterns. However, due to the reduced information per block pattern, it is not possible to significantly increase stored information per synapse. Asymptotically, the information retrieval capacity converges to the known limits C=ln2≈0.69 and C=(ln2)/4≈0.17 also for block coding. We have also implemented very large recurrent networks up to n=2·106 neurons, showing that maximal capacity C≈0.2 bit per synapse occurs for finite networks having a size n≈105 similar to cortical macrocolumns.
Empirical Evaluation of the Fiscal Position in Serbia

Abstract The paper evaluates the size of the cyclical and structural components of the fiscal deficit of the Republic of Serbia for the period from the first quarter of 2002 to the second quarter of 2014. The method of the European Central Bank was used, where it is assumed that cyclically sensitive elements of state are budget income tax, profit tax, value added tax on the value, excises, social security contributions and unemployment benefits. Elasticity of cyclically sensitive elements relative to their macroeconomic bases are estimated using the VEC model with error correction. The results suggest that automatic stabilizers generally played a more prominent role than consistent countercyclical discretionary fiscal policy, which means that the discretionary measures were late or were not well targeted.
Exit Strategies of Venture Capitalists in Hot Issue Markets: Evidence from the “Neuer Markt" in Germany

In this study we analyze the IPO exit behavior of venture capitalists (VCs) in the Neuer Markt, the former market for young growth companies in Germany. We find empirical evidence that VCs were able to time their exit quite successfully in the primary market and to some extent also in the secondary market. The larger the number of shares being sold by the VCs at the IPO date, the lower is the IPO performance after expiration of the lock-up period. In addition, the firms that went public in the year 2000 planned their IPO too late in the stock market cycle so that--due to the mandatory lock-up period of six months--some VCs had no chance for a lucrative exit and still owned shares three years after the IPO. Thus, lock-up commitments can be quite costly for early investors particularly towards the end of a hot issue market.
Random Blood Glucose Concentrations and their Association with Body Mass Index in Indian School Children

Objective and Aims: Overweight/obese children are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Random glucose elevations provide early warning signs of glycemic dysregulation. To assess random blood glucose (RBG) concentrations and risk factors associated with prediabetes in children aged 3-18 years from six Indian regions. Method: Multicenter, cross sectional, observational school-based study; multi-stage stratified random sampling was carried out. Height and weight measured; body mass index (BMI) was computed. RBG measured using a glucometer. National sample survey was used for dietary patterns. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Setting: Study centers were from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Punjab from 40 selected schools. Participant: Children aged 3-18 years were measured. Results: Data on 14339 subjects (7413 boys) were analyzed. Prevalence of obesity was 5.8% and overweight-10.6%. Overall, 1% had low (<3 mmol/L), 93.7% in reference range (3.9-7.2 mmol/L) and 5.3% had elevated RBG (>7.2 mmol/L). With increasing mean BMI, there was increase in RBG concentrations. Children from Tamil Nadu were more likely to have RBG outside reference range compared to other regions (P < 0.05). Assam and Punjab had highest prevalence of RBG and BMI within reference range. Energy intake partly explained regional variations. Multivariate analysis showed male gender, urban residency, age >10 yrs (girls) and 13 yrs (boys), and overweight or obesity were predictive of prediabetes. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of overweight, obesity and prediabetes in Indian children are a matter of concern. Regional differences suggest that strategies to prevent obesity and combat perturbations in blood sugar may have to be customized.
Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs is not associated with changes in epithelial proliferation or E-cadherin expression in gastric mucosa

Infeccao por Helicobacter pylori provoca gastrite e pode induzir adenocarcinoma gastrico e linfoma tipo MALT em seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se existe associacao entre infeccao por Helicobacter spp. na mucosa gastrica de caes e lesoes histologicas, incluindo proliferacao epitelial e adesao celular. Foram avaliadas biopsias de 12 caes com disturbios gastricos e de 25 caes saudaveis. A coloracao de Warthin-Starry (WS) e o metodo de PCR foram utilizados para confirmar a presenca de helicobacterias. As especies de Helicobacter foram determinadas por PCR com primers especie-especificos para H. heilmannii , H. bizzozeronii ou H. salomonis , H. felis e H. pylori . As lesoes da mucosa foram avaliadas por hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e a proliferacao epitelial foi determinada pelos metodos AgNOR e PCNA. A adesao celular foi avaliada por meio da expressao de E-caderina nas celulas epiteliais. Helicobacter spp. foi confirmado em 75,7% (28/37) e 73,0% (27/37) das amostras por WS e PCR, respectivamente. H. bizzozeronii foi a especie mais frequentemente detectada (37%); e coinfeccao foi observada em seis (22%) caes. As alteracoes histologicas na lâmina propria foram gastrite cronica discreta, fibrose, degeneracao glandular e presenca de agregados linfoides. Houve associacao significativa entre a infeccao por H. heilmannii e a presenca de foliculos linfoides (p <0,046). Neste estudo, nenhuma alteracao significativa foi verificada na proliferacao epitelial ou na expressao de E-caderina na mucosa gastrica de caes infectados com Helicobacter spp.
Direct mapping of the temperature and velocity gradients in discs Imaging the vertical CO snow line around IM Lupi

Accurate measurements of the physical structure of protoplanetary discs are critical inputs for planet formation models. These constraints are traditionally established via complex modelling of continuum and line observations. Instead, we present an empirical framework to locate the CO isotopologue emitting surfaces from high spectral and spatial resolution ALMA observations. We apply this framework to the disc surrounding IM Lupi, where we report the first direct, i.e. model independent, measurements of the radial and vertical gradients of temperature and velocity in a protoplanetary disc. The measured disc structure is consistent with an irradiated self-similar disc structure, where the temperature increases and the velocity decreases towards the disc surface. We also directly map the vertical CO snow line, which is located at about one gas scale height at radii between 150 and 300 au, with a CO freeze-out temperature of 21 ± 2 K. In the outer disc (>300 au), where the gas surface density transitions from a power law to an exponential taper, the velocity rotation field becomes significantly sub-Keplerian, in agreement with the expected steeper pressure gradient. The sub-Keplerian velocities should result in a very efficient inward migration of large dust grains, explaining the lack of millimetre continuum emission outside of 300 au. The sub-Keplerian motions may also be the signature of the base of an externally irradiated photo-evaporative wind. In the same outer region, the measured CO temperature above the snow line decreases to ≈15 K because of the reduced gas density, which can result in a lower CO freeze-out temperature, photo-desorption, or deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium.
Efficacy of Calcium Phosphosilicate as Graft Material in Bony Defects

The science of bone grafting has been employed for bone repair for hundreds of years. Bone grafting has developed into a unique scientific endeavor that is essential to many surgical disciplines. Orthopedic surgeons may be responsible for pioneering bone grafting, but since World War II, other specialists also have been extensively involved. Plastic surgeons have used bone grafting throughout the body. Foot and ankle surgeons have found multiple uses for harvesting and grafting bone in the foot and ankle. Otolaryngologists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons use bone grafts in facial reconstruction. Surgeons must be adept in bone graft harvesting and must have a thorough understanding of the biologic characteristics of the graft. Additionally, surgeons must assess final outcomes and appreciate potential complications.1,2 Most of the traditional reconstructive methods are rather invasive and associated with certain amount of morbidity. The impetus of this study is to obviate donor-site morbidity. Bony defects created in maxilla and mandible, secondary to trauma, pathology, metabolic bone disorders, congenital anomalies, infection, and periodontal diseases, need to be filled with appropriate bone graft materials for esthetic and functional purposes. A multitude of bone graft materials have been used to fill such defects but all are associated with some shortcomings. Traditionally, the augmentation of bony defects is carried out using autogenous bone, allografts, alloplasts, and xenografts. Several synthetic bone graft substitutes have been used with variable degree of success, such as bioactive glasses, aluminum oxide, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, alpha and beta tricalcium phosphate, synthetic hydroxyapatite. These materials may not necessarily be used solely for reconstructive procedures, but when used in right situation in combination with autografts, allografts, or other synthetics they have the potential for more desirable results. Synthetic materials have also been developed for use as bone graft substitutes. Advantages of synthetic materials include tunable resorption rates, controlled porosity, higher mechanical strength compared with demineralized bone matrix products, ideal processing, and molding parameters. However, these materials lack inherent native growth factors due to which there is an absence of osteoinductive properties. 1Reader, 2Assistant Professor, 3Professor, 4Head, 5Senior Lecturer 1,3-5Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 2Department of Dental, East Point Medical College, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
Distribution of Dendritic Cells and Langerhans Cells in Peri-implant Mucosa

Background: Peri-implant diseases leading to the failure of dental implants is concern in the field of dentistry. Difference in immune response around peri-implant tissues with healthy tissue might be responsible for the hidden cause of peri-implant diseases. Hence, in the current study, the dispersion of the dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations and Langerhans cells (LCs) was evaluated in healthy peri-implant mucosa (HPIM) and healthy mucosa (HM) to know the imbalance in immune homeostasis. Subjects and Methods: A total of 15 nonsmoker participants were selected for the study. First sample of the HM was obtained before the implant placement (Group I) and second sample of peri-implant mucosa was obtained at the time of placement of the gingival former (Group II). Immunochemistry was used to quantify DCs and LCs in the samples. Statistical Analysis Used: To analyze the distribution of cells in the epithelium and lamina propria, Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used. Results: Mean numbers of CD1a (LCs) in the epithelium and lamina propria of Group I and Group II were 25.2 ± 6.41 and 27.47 ± 10.26 and 19.27 ± 7.27 and 12.46 ± 3.04, respectively. Mean numbers of factor XIIIa (DCs) in the epithelium and lamina propria in Group I and Group II were 30.37 ± 5.42 and 86.93 ± 13.99 and 50.47 ± 7.27 and 124.33 ± 10.27, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the number of cells in the epithelium and lamina propria of Group I and Group II were noted (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001). Conclusions: CD1a-positive LCs were more in the epithelium rather than lamina propria in Group II. Higher numbers of factor XIIIa-positive DCs were observed in the lamina propria than epithelium in Group I and II.
Effects of light levels on germination of five Asteraceae species native to the tallgrass prairie

The ability of plants to detect variations of light conditions is an essential mechanism for seed survival and germination. In this experiment, germinability and mean germination time were measured in five species of Asteraceae that are native to the tallgrass prairie in Kansas. Seeds were exposed to four light levels in a greenhouse experiment: 100% of natural light, approximately 50% of light, 10% of light, and dark conditions. Ageratina altissima (White snakeroot), Rudbeckia laciniata (Cutleaf coneflower), and Solidago ulmifolia (Elmleaf goldenrod) were non-photoblastic, as light levels had little effect on germinabilities. Aster drummondii (Drummond's aster) and Eutrochium purpureum (Sweet Joe-Pye weed) were positively photoblastic, as increasing light increased germinabilities. However, there were significant differences among species that might correlate with ecological roles. Ageratina altissima and R. laciniata had fast germinating seeds (< 5 d) and S. ulmifolia had slow germinating seeds (> 10 d) in all light levels. A. drummondii and E. purpureum had germination times that ranged from fast to intermediate to slow, depending on light levels. Mean germination times decreased with increased light. Measurements of germinability and mean germination time are essential for understanding establishment, succession, and regeneration processes that occur in prairie communities.
Agreement between LeMond Revolution cycle ergometer and SRM power meter during power profile and ramp protocol assessments

This study aimed to evaluate the agreement in cycling power output measurements between the LeMond Revolution cycle ergometer and SRM power meter. The LeMond Revolution measures power output via removal of the rear bicycle wheel and attaching it using a quick-release system, estimating power output through a head-unit that processes drive-train resistance and atmospheric conditions. Fourteen well-trained cyclists completed incremental protocols and power profile assessments on a bicycle fitted with SRM scientific power meter and attached to a LeMond Revolution cycle ergometer. Power output was measured by both devices at 1 Hz. Data from each device were compared using Pearsonâ€™s correlations, paired t-tests, assessments of heteroscedasticity, Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement. During incremental tests, errors in power measurement of the LeMond Revolution progressively increased at greater power outputs when compared with SRM (bias: 2-34 W; CV 1.5-6.7%). During power profile assessments, errors in mean power measurement of the LeMond Revolution were also slightly overestimated for all efforts from a rolling start (+3 Â± 8%; CV = 5.1%). Conversely, the LeMond Revolution underestimated peak power output during five second sprint efforts and the greatest error was observed between measurements for mean power output during a five second sprint from a stationary start (-7 Â± 24%; CV = 10.6%). Overall, the LeMond Revolution is a practical, cost-effective alternative to more expensive ergometers for detecting large changes in mean power output. However, high level of error during high-intensity sprint efforts from a stationary start is a limitation for well-trained sprint cyclists.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids' accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activity in red tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) fed with high omega-3 diet.

This study was conducted to investigate the change of muscle fatty acid profiles with increasing age and to measure the activities of muscle antioxidant enzymes in red tilapia ( Oreochromis hy brid ) fed with relatively high n - 3 diet . Fish were reared in aquaria and fed with a formulated diet which was high in n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ( PUFA ) for 75 days. Significant increase ( p <0.05) of saturated fatty acids, monoenes and n - 6 PUFA was obser ved at 60 days after start of the experiment , while significant increase of n - 3 PUFA occurred at 75 days after start of the experiment. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were found to be 1.5 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 (U/g; Mean ± SE; n = 10) , respectively. Lipid peroxidation value (MDA) was found to be 21.4 ± 0.5 nmol/g (Mean ± SE; n = 10) . Our results suggest ed that feeding red tilapia with a high n - 3 finishing diet from 75 days prior to harvesting can successfully increase the n - 3 P UFA content of fillet. However, the relatively low antioxidant enzymes acti vity and high value of lipid peroxidation in the muscle tissue should be considered for proper storage and handling of red tilapia fillet to ensure the availability of desirable n - 3 PUFA and to avoid the accumulation of undesirable oxidation products.
Key Study year 2001 Prevention is a two-way process

Prevention efforts have changed sub stantially as researchers developed models based on knowledge of human development and of children’s and adolescents’ drug use experiences. In the 1960s, the focus was on instilling fear of the consequences of drug use, in the 1970s, on providing accurate and complete information on drug use as well as on personal and social development. For example, affective education programmes aimed to help youth develop skills to enhance selfesteem, problem-solving, decision-making, and interpersonal communication. A more recent approach incorporates features from these earlier models and also emphasises the relationships between psychosocial development and environmental influences. Resistance skills – how to say NO – are an important component of this approach, which strives to promote personal and social competence generally and with regard to situations such as the temptation to use alcohol and other drugs. Research suggests that maximally effective prevention programmes would combine cognitive, affective, and skills development approaches and be comprehensive in the sense that they reach all students and involve the entire community including the school, youth, parents, and community agencies and organisations.1 Unfortunately, most programmes do not adhere to these research-based standards. Despite a five-year statewide study showing that the Here’s Looking At You, Two programme did not impact on drug use,2 it was adopted in five US states.3 Project DARE reaches 70% of US school districts but has been only been marginally effective in decreasing drug use.4 However, there are programmes which do change adolescent drug use. Just what sort of programmes these are was explored by our meta-analysis of findings from 120 different programmes.5 (Meta-analysis is a scientifically rigorous method of pooling findings from many studies of the same or similar interventions to arrive at an overall estimate of their effectiveness.) The meta-analysis covered evaluations of 120 school-based adolescent drug prevention programmes spanning grades 5–12, roughly ages 9–18. Studies entered in the analysis all had a control or comparison group against which programmes could be assessed, and all documented outcomes in the form of the pupils’ own reports of their drug use. The evaluated programmes were examined for commonalities in content and delivery and divided into two main types: Non-interactive programmes, subdivided into knowledge-only, affective-only, or knowledge-plus-affective; Interactive programmes, incorporating pupil participation and aiming to increase interpersonal skills, subdivided into those focusing on social influences, comprehensive like skills, and others.
Per Unit and Ad Valorem Royalties in a Patent Licensing Game

In a context of product innovation, we study two-part tariff licensing between a patentee and a potential rival which compete in a differentiated product market characterized by network externalities. The latter are shown to crucially affect the relative profitability of Cournot vs. Bertrand when a per unit royalty is applied. By contrast, we find that Cournot yields higher profits than Bertrand under ad valorem royalties, regardless of the strength of network effects.
EREBELLAR NETWORK PLASTICITY: FROM GENES TO FAST SCILLATION

bstract—The role of the cerebellum has been increasingly ecognized not only in motor control but in sensory, cogniive and emotional learning and regulation. Purkinje cells, eing the sole output from the cerebellar cortex, occupy an ntegrative position in this network. Plasticity at this level is nown to critically involve calcium signaling. In the last few ears, electrophysiological study of genetically engineered ice has demonstrated the topical role of several genes ncoding calcium-binding proteins (calretinin, calbindin, arvalbumin). Specific inactivation of these genes results in he emergence of a fast network oscillation (ca. 160 Hz) hroughout the cerebellar cortex in alert animals, associated ith ataxia. This oscillation is produced by synchronization f Purkinje cells along the parallel fiber beam. It behaves s an electrophysiological arrest rhythm, being blocked by ensorimotor stimulation. Pharmacological manipulations howed that the oscillation is blocked by GABAA and NMDA ntagonists as well as gap junction blockers. This cerebellar etwork oscillation has also been documented in mouse odels of human conditions with complex developmental erebellar dysfunction, such as Angelman syndrome and etal alcohol syndrome. Recent evidence suggests a relationhip between fast oscillation and cerebellar long term deression (LTD). This may have major implications for future herapeutic targeting. © 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier td. All rights reserved.
Genetic selection for docility: a review.

Animal docility or temperament is an important trait in livestock as it has influence not only on the human safety and animal welfare but importantly also on the productivity of livestock farming enterprises. Poor temperament in livestock has been associated with reduced performance, health, and carcass quality . Docility is thus increasingly becoming a focus of many studies aiming at its inclusion in animal breeding programs. Most studies on docility and its association with production have shown that the trait ( docility) exhibits moderate to large additive genetic variance which could be exploited in breeding programs. Docility could potentially be used as an indicator trait for economically important traits that are difficult to measure. Techniques for measuring docility are continually being refined and improved making it possible to accurately measure docility. Identification and selection of animals with a temperament that will improve their welfare and productivity within t heir production environment is becoming increasingly important.