Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flexible control of speed of cortical dynamics

Musicians can perform at different tempos, speakers can control the cadence of their speech, and children can flexibly vary their temporal expectations of events. To understand the neural basis of such flexible timing, we recorded from the medial frontal cortex of primates trained to produce different time intervals with different effectors. The activity of neurons was heterogeneous, nonlinear and complex. However, responses were unified under a remarkable form of invariance: firing rate profiles were temporally stretched for longer intervals and compressed for short ones. At the network level, this phenomenon was evident by flexible changes in the speed with which the population activity traced an invariant trajectory. To identify the origin of speed control, we recorded from both downstream caudate neurons and thalamic neurons projecting to the medial frontal cortex. Speed adjustments were a prominent feature in the caudate but not in the thalamus suggesting that this phenomenon originates within cortical networks. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we created recurrent neural network models at different levels of complexity that could explain flexible timing with speed control. Analysis of the models revealed that the key to flexible speed control was the action of an external input upon the nonlinearities of individual neurons whose recurrent interactions set the network’s relaxation dynamics. These findings demonstrate a simple and general mechanism for conferring temporal flexibility upon sensorimotor and cognitive functions.
ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF DATURA INOXIA AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE STRAINS

The development of drug resistance as well as the appearance of undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics has necessitated the search for new antibiotic from natural sources. Keeping this in view, we have studied the antibacterial effect of Datura Inoxia leaf by preparing their hexane, ethanol and aqueous extracts against multidrug resistance strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of agar well diffusion assay indicated that the ethanol extract were most susceptible against Staphylococcus aureus, while aqueous extract were found to be ineffective against both the strains. This study has shown that the Datura Inoxia can act as promising plant for developing new antibiotics (herbal antibiotics) to Overcome the bacterial resistance problems worldwide.
Seasonality of intraspecific mortality by gray wolves

Of 41 adult wolf-killed gray wolves (Canis lupus) and 10 probably or possibly killed by wolves from 1968 through 2014 in the Superior National Forest (SNF) in northeastern Minnesota, most were killed in months leading up to and immediately following the breeding season, which was primarily February. This finding is similar to a published sample from Denali National Park, and the seasonality of intraspecific mortality generally parallels the known seasonality of testosterone levels, scent-marking, howling frequency, and general interpack aggression. Males and females were killed in the same proportion as in the population of radiocollared wolves. The annual rate of wolf-killed wolves was not related to the annual wolf density. Our findings tend to support intraspecific mortality of adult wolves as a means to reduce breeding competition and to maintain territories.
A new rust species of Diaphanopellis on Rhododendron oreodoxa from Southern China

A novel rust species Diaphanopellis purpurea on Rhododendron oreodoxa collected in Southern China was identified and described. Light and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that this rust species was morphologically distinct from other known Diaphanopellis species and Chrysomyxa species in teliospore morphology and urediniospore surface structure. Diaphanopellis purpurea can be phylogenetically separated from other Chrysomyxa species based on analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) partial gene sequences. The aecial stage of the new species was also confirmed.
Qualitative phytochemical screening and larvicidal potencies of ethanolic extracts of five selected macrophyte species against Anopheles mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae)

The study aimed at qualitative phytochemical screening and larvicidal potencies of ethanolic extract of five selected macrophyte species. The ethanolic extracts were obtained through percolation process and were used in carrying out phytochemical test for alkaloids, saponins, resins, flavonoids, steroid, reducing sugar, tannins and phlobatannins. The result showed that all the aforementioned phytochemicals were present in all the extracts with the exception of resins. The toxicity test was carried out using mosquito larvae and the result obtained showed that extracts of Pistia stratiotes, Typha latifolia , Leucas martinicensis, Cynodon dactylon , and Nymphaea lotus has LC 50 of 63.3, 68.1, 68.4, 68.1 and 62.8 mg/L respectively. This shows that N. lotus has the highest lethal effect while L. marticinensis has the least. Considering the side effect of chemical insecticides to human health, it is suggested that the use of organic insecticides should be encouraged so as to ameliorate health problems, since it is eco-friendly in nature.
DNA methylation markers for early detection of colorectal cancer : clinical applicability and biological function

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Resistência biológica da madeira de espécies de eucalipto ao ataque de cupim de madeira seca

The resistance against dry wood termites is one the most important wood properties, mainly in the case of the eucalypt wood, which is of poor tractability with chemicals. The aim of this study was to determine the biological resistance of seven eucalypts wood species when submitted to the attack of dry wood termites. Wood of the species Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus tereticornis, E. paniculata, E. pilularis, E. cloeziana, E. urophylla, and E. grandis of 16 years old were examined, which grew at the Experimental Science Forestry Station Anhembi, Department of Forest Sciences of “Luiz de Queiroz” Agricultural Superior School, São Paulo University, Brazil. In the laboratory the samples were exposed to the attack of the dry wood termites Cryptotermes brevis, (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Wood of E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. tereticornis, and E. pilularis had significant problems of termite attacks; considerably more so than E. cloeziana, E. paniculata, and C. citriodora.
The Minus End in Sight Review

Alexander Dammermann, Arshad Desai and Karen OegemaMicrotubules are intrinsically polar structures. Aconsequence of this polarity is that the two ends ofthe microtubule polymer exhibit different proper-ties. The more dynamic plus ends and the mecha-nisms that regulate their behavior have been thefocus of much recent attention. Here, we concen-trate on the dynamics and regulation of minusends, which play distinct but equally critical roles inmicrotubule function. In the first part of this review,we compare the in vitroand in vivobehavior ofmicrotubules from a minus end perspective. Thiscomparison suggests that cells possess conservedmechanisms to specifically inhibit minus end poly-merization, and perhaps also to actively promotedepolymerization. In the second part, we focus onthe spatial positioning of minus ends, which isachieved by localized microtubule nucleation,minus end capping and minus end anchoring aswell as by motor-dependent sorting. These mecha-nisms are used in different biological contexts togenerate the diversity of organized microtubulearrays in cells.Introduction
SALMONELLA TYPHI: UMA ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA

Salmonella e um genero de bacterias pertencente a familia Enterobacteriaceae. Seu nome e uma homenagem ao cientista Daniel Elmer Salmon. No seculo XX foi relatado o primeiro caso de intoxicacao por Salmonella typhi em humanos, bacteria esta capaz de causar infeccoes sistemicas e febre tifoide.
Atividade larvicida do óleo essencial de plantas existentes no Estado de sergipe contra Aedes aegypti Linn

O Aedes aegypti (Linn, 1762) e atualmente o mosquito que apresenta maior dispersao em areas urbanas do mundo. Esta especie e de grande importância para a medicina pois, trata-se do vetor de quatro sorotipos do flavivirus causador do dengue classico e da febre hemorragica do dengue. O aumento na densidade desse mosquito esta relacionado ao comportamento sinantropico e ao habito antropofilico desssa especie. Urge, portanto, o controle da densidade populacional do A. aegypti para que o dengue nao assuma proporcoes de uma epidemia. Nao existe vacina para o dengue, e a melhor forma de combater a doenca e atacar o vetor, principalmente eliminando os locais onde ocorre a oviposicao e o desenvolvimento das larvas do A. aegypti. Atualmente esse controle e feito por meio de aplicacoes de inseticidas organafosforados. Porem, o uso frequente e em doses cada vez maiores desses produtos, tem selecionado populacoes resistentes do mosquito. Em todo o mundo diversas pesquisas sao desenvolvidas no sentido de encontrar substância de origem vegetal, como alternativa para o controle do dengue. Os oleos essenciais, produzidos no metabolismo secundario das plantas, tem apresentado atividades inseticidas, larvicidas, fumigantes, deterrentes e outras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar oleos essenciais de plantas do Estado de Sergipe com atividade larvicida contra o Aedes aegypti (Linn, 1762). Foram testados os oleos essenciais de Croton heliotropiifolius, Croton pulegiodorus, Hyptis fruticosa, Hyptis pectinata e Lippia gracilis. O oleo essencial das folhas foi extraido por hidrodestilacao, com arraste de vapor, usando um aparelho de Clevenger. A analise dos oleos essenciais foi feita por cromatografia gasosa acoplado a um espectometro de massas (CG/EM). Os ensaios larvicidas foram realizados utilizando-se 20 larvas por teste, em um bequer contendo 20ml de agua mineral (26-28°) e mais a solucao teste nas concentracoes pre-estabelecidas para cada planta. Os testes foram feitos em quintuplicata para cada concentracao. A analise dos dados foi feita de acordo com o metodo Reed-Muench (Colegate & Molyneux, 1993), estimando-se uma CL50 de 550,68; 158,81; 502,68; 366,35 e 98,06 mg L-1 respectivamente para Croton heliotropiifolius, Croton pulegiodorus, Hyptis fruticosa, Hyptis pectinata e Lippia gracilis. Todos os oleos testados foram ativos contra as larvas do Aedes aegypti, porem o oleo essencial de Lippia gracilis apresentou a melhor atividade. Alem disso, o oleo de L. gracilis teve o maior rendimento, que foi de 7%. Isto sugere que o oleo essencial dessa especie vegetal, pode ser uma alternativa no combate ao vetor do dengue, diminuindo o impacto sobre o ambiente e a saude da populacao.
Functional characterization of allorestricted T cell receptors (TCRs) with specificity for HER2/neu and FMNL1 in vitro and in vivo for potential clinical application

Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered with tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) has been shown to be feasible and effective for the treatment of cancer. Allorestricted T cells with specificity for a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) may be a good source for TCRs with high anti-tumor reactivity. In this study, four allorestricted TCRs with specificity for HER2 369 as well as one TCR with specificity for FMNL1-PP2 were characterized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transduced with HER2 369 -specific TCRs were functionally investigated in aspects of specific peptide recognition, anti-tumor reactivity and autoreactivity against normal cells in vitro . Moreover, preliminary in vivo data were generated for analysis of the anti-tumor response of PBMC transduced with HER2 369 - or FMNL1-PP2-specific TCRs in mouse models. Finally, the reporter gene hNIS and the TCR chain genes were co-introduced into recipient cells, which will be the first step for tracking of TCR-transduced T cells using the non-invasive monitoring system PET/CT after adoptive transfer.
A new genus and some new descriptions of the tribe Aemodogryllini (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae, Aemodogryllinae; Aemodogryllini) from China

In the present paper, a new genus Pseudotachycines gen. nov. and five new species are identified and described: Pseudotachycines deformis sp. nov., Pseudotachycines inermis sp. nov., Pseudotachycines yueyangensis sp. nov., Pseudotachycines volutus sp. nov., Pseudotachycines trapezialis sp. nov., Pseudotachycines ovalilobatus (Gorochov, 2010) comb. nov. a new combination is mentioned. A key to the species of Pseudotachycines gen. nov. is provided.
Behavioural changes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after marine boulder reef restoration: Implications for coastal habitat management and Natura 2000 areas

While marine reefs are degraded globally, the responses of fish to marine reef restoration remain uncertain, particularly in temperate waters. This study measured the effect of marine boulder reef restoration on the behaviour of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. , in a Natura 2000 area using acoustic telemetry. Cod were tagged and released in the study area before and after the restoration and tracked continuously for six months. A larger fraction of the released fish remained in the study area after restoration (94%) than before (53%). Moreover, throughout the study period, cod spent significantly more hours per day and prolonged their residence time in the study area after the restoration. The study indicates that marine reefs subjected to boulder extraction can be restored and function as favourable cod habitats. Temperate marine boulder reef restoration represents a valuable management tool to improve habitats for temperate fish species.
Arabidopsis thaliana histone deacetylase 1 (AtHD1) and epigenetic regulation

Arabidopsis thaliana Histone Deacetylase 1 (AtHD1) and Epigenetic Regulation. (May 2004) Lu Tian, B.S., Fudan University, P.R. China Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Z. Jeffrey Chen Epigenetic regulation is a mechanism by which heritable changes in gene expression are controlled by chromatin status rather than primary DNA sequence. Changes in chromatin structure affect accessibility of DNA elements to the transcriptional machinery and thus affect transcription activity of the gene. A key event in this process is reversible modification of core histones, which is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDs, HDAs, or HDACs). In general, histone deacetylation is related to transcriptional gene silencing, whereas acetylation is associated with gene activation. To study the role of histone deacetylase in plant gene regulation and development, we generated constitutive antisense histone deacetylase 1 (CASH) transgenic plants. AtHD1 is a homolog of RPD3 protein, a global transcriptional regulator in yeast. Expression of the antisense AtHD1 caused dramatic reduction in endogenous AtHD1 transcription, resulting in accumulation of acetylated histones. Down-regulation of histone deacetylation caused a variety of growth and developmental abnormalities and ectopic expression of tissue-specific genes. However, changes in
OCT biomarkers predictive for visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema

Number: 2026 Bianca S Gerendas1 , Xiaofeng Hu1 , Alexandra Kaider2 , Alessio Montuoro1 , Amir Sadeghipour3 , Sebastian M. Waldstein3 , Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth1 1 Vienna Reading Center and OPTIMA Study group, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 2 Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 3 OPTIMA Study group, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Purpose: Many recent publications have correlated morphologic parameters to visual acuity (VA) to emphasize their importance as biomarkers in diabetic macular edema (DME) besides central retinal thickness (CRT). Most of these studies look at a single morphologic parameter. Our aim is to identify which of the evaluated 18 imaging biomarkers can predict VA when all are analyzed in one patient cohort and should therefore be used for automated ophthalmic image analysis. Methods: All 311 Spectralis OCTs of the DRCR.net Protocol T trial have been manually evaluated by one trained grader of the Vienna Reading Center. The evaluation included presence/location/configuration of intraretinal cystoid fluid (IRC), shape of vitreomacular interface and foveal contour with/without epiretinal membrane, presence/height of subretinal fluid (SRF), presence/area of disrupted external limiting membrane (ELM) and inner-outer-segments line (IS-OS), ischemia (ISC), number of hyperreflective foci and CRT. To evaluate the predictive value of these parameters on baseline VA, multivariable linear regression models were calculated, using the backward method for variable selection and a resampling-based approach with 1000 samples. The source of the data is the DRCR.net, but the analyses, content and conclusions presented herein are solely the responsibility of the authors and have not been reviewed or approved by DRCR.net. Results: From 18 potential biomarkers, the only predictive were area of disrupted ELM/IS-OS (selection percentage 95.90%/90.9%), presence of SRF (95%) followed by central mm (CMM)/centerpoint CRT (92%/69.6%) and ISC (63.1%). All other parameters showed less than 50% (=not important). When correcting for the other important parameters an ELM/IS-OS disruption of 0.1mm causes a VA decrease of 1.3/0.8 letters, the presence of ELM/IS-OS disruption/ISC causes a mean VA loss of 4.0/1.4/4.8 letters, SRF protects VA by 4.1 letters and an increase in CRT in the CMM of 10μm causes a drop of 0.6 letters. The model performance showed an R=0.29. Conclusions: Baseline VA correlates best with ELM and IS-OS integrity and SRF presence. Earlier studies allow the conclusion that SRF protects these layers. Automated analysis of ELM/IS-OS might allow VA prediction as their disruption is directly related to irreversible photoreceptor destruction and VA loss. ELM/IS-OS disruption area might be used as a clinical endpoint in future clinical trials.
Endogenous parvoviral elements in the pit viper (Protobothrops mucrosuamatus) and in three members of three mammalian orders: implications for ecology and evolution of genera Amdoparvovirus and Protoparvovirus.

Amdoparvoviruses (family Parvoviridae: genus Amdoparvovirus) infect carnivores, and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in farmed mink. Relatively little is known about amdoparvovirus evolution, partly because so few endogenous parvoviral elements (PVe) derived from amdoparvovirus-like viruses have been identified. In this study, we systematically screened animal genomes to identify PVe disclosing a high degree of similarity to amdoparvoviruses, and investigated their genomic, phylogenetic and protein structural features. We report the first full-length, amdoparvovirus-derived PVe in the genome of the Transcaucasian mole vole (Ellobius lutescens). Furthermore, we identify four further PVe in mammal and reptile genomes that are intermediate between amdoparvoviruses and protoparvoviruses (genus Protoparvovirus) in terms of their phylogenetic placement and genomic features. In particular, we identified a genome-length PVe in the genome of a pit viper (Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) that is protoparvovirus-like in terms of its phylogenetic placement and the structural features of its capsid protein (as revealed by homology modeling), but exhibits characteristically amdoparvovirus-like features including (i) a putative middle ORF gene, and (ii) the lack of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) domain as well as (iii) the putative transcription of VP1. These findings indicate that either: (i) amdoparvoviruses evolved from protoparvoviruses via a series of transitional forms, or; (ii) there are as yet uncharacterised parvovirus lineages that possess a mixture of proto- and amdoparvovirus-like characteristics. Our investigation also provides evidence that amdoparvovirus host range has extended to rodents in the past, and that reptilian parvoviruses exist outside of genus Dependoparvovirus. Finally, we show that PVe in the mole vole and pit viper encode intact, expressible replicase genes, adding to a growing body of evidence that these genes have repeatedly been co-opted or exapted in vertebrate genomes.
Von Willebrand disease—the Nordic perspective

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common bleeding disorder, showing a broad variation in prevalence of 0.2 to 4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in type 2 and 0.2 to 1 in type 3 among the Nordic countries. Diagnosis and treatment of VWD in these countries primarily occur through comprehensive treatment centers by following guidelines outlined by the Nordic Haemophilia Council. Accordingly, assignment of VWD is based on comprehensive evaluation, including standardized bleeding score, traditional laboratory analysis and adoptive platelet function studies. The correct classification of VWD types is crucial in determining both the bleeding risk and clinical management, although clinical severity is not always related to biological activity of VWF. There are several developments in both diagnosis and clinical management of VWD. This review focuses on the novel aspects of VWD care in the Nordic countries, involving pure von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates as treatment options, as well as laboratory assay development, including the new VWF activity assays and comprehensive whole blood platelet function and global coagulation aspects.
Evaluación del balance nutricional y comportamiento reproductivo de ganado lechero bajo un sistema silvopastoril intensivo en bosque seco tropical Colombiano.

The nutritional balance (protein (MP), energy (ME), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P)) of crossbred cows (Gyr x Holstein) between the 2nd and 4th lactation in postpartum period at two moments: calving (RC; n =12) and early lactation (days 42-50 at postpartum) (EL; n =12) grazing an intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) with Leucaena leucocephala and Cynodon plectostachyus, plus supplements and under the scenery of exclusive forage consumption, located in tropical dry forest was described. Feed samples were collected to determine the chemical composition and a nutritional balance was estimated using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS Version 5.0.4). Furthermore, the forage intake was estimated through the grass and legume quantification on the ISS paddocks. At EL, the energy requirements were higher than in RC. The nutritional requirements at calving and early lactation of MP, ME, Ca and P, were supplied and the nutritional balance was positive when animals ingested forages of ISS and supplements. However, the nutritional balance was negative under the scenery of exclusive forage intake. The energy was a limitant factor at the postpartum period of the dairy cow. A reproductive characterization was performed to crossbred cows that exhibited the first service at the postpartum period before 50 days (Group 1; n=7) and after 50 days (Group 2; n =8) grazing ISS. Parameters such as services per conception, days open, interval, calving interval did not differ statistically between both groups, but were better for group 1 who had a positive nutritional balance, while group 2 exhibited a negative energy balance and longer reproductive parameters. Serum progesterone concentration was measured but did not differ between both groups. Correct concentrations of energy are necessary to optimize the reproductive behavior of dairy cows.