Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesencephalic Corticospinal Atrophy Predicts Baseline Deficit but Not Response to Unilateral or Bilateral Arm Training in Chronic Stroke

Objective. Stroke survivors with motor deficits often have pyramidal tract atrophy caused by degeneration of corticospinal fibers. The authors hypothesized that the degree of atrophy correlates with severity of motor impairment in patients with chronic stroke and predicts the response to rehabilitation training. Methods. They performed a post hoc analysis of 42 hemiparetic patients (>6 months) who had been randomized to either 6 weeks of bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) or dose-matched therapeutic exercise (DMTE). Arm function was measured using the Fugl-Meyer (FM) and modified Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). Structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on the pontine level measured corticospinal tract (CST) atrophy by planimetric measurement of the mesencephalon (mesencephalic atrophy ratio) and fractional anisotropy (FA), respectively. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) was used to determine the lesions associated with highest degrees of atrophy. The predictive value of CST atrophy for impairment and training response was analyzed. Results. CST atrophy predicted baseline motor arm function measured by the FM and WMFT. The authors found only a trend for the correlation with FA. No measure of atrophy predicted response to either BATRAC or DMTE. CST atrophy was higher with larger lesions and those that affected the CST. VLSM identified internal capsule lesions as being associated with highest CST atrophy. Conclusion. Larger lesions, internal capsule lesions, and those overlapping the pyramidal tract are associated with greater CST atrophy. CST atrophy explains in part the variability of baseline deficits but does not seem to predict the response to BATRAC or unilateral arm training on upper-extremity function.
Measurement of spontaneous magnetic fluctuations

We describe the first experimental system used to observe the thermal magnetic fluctuations in a magnetic system at equilibrium. We develop the calculation of the coupling of spontaneous magnetic fluctuations to a measuring system, emphasizing the difference with the classical case of susceptibility measurements. We report the power spectrum of the two spin glasses CdCr 1.7 In 0.3 S 4 and CsNiFeF 6 which exhibit a 1/f dependence in the range 10 −2 Hz to 10 2 Hz. Comparison between this observation and conventional a.c. susceptibility experiments in the same range of fequency supports the applicability of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for CsNiFeF 6 Description du premier dispositif experimental utilise pour la mesure des fluctuations thermodynamiques de l'aimantation d'un systeme a l'equilibre. Calcul du couplage de ces fluctuations avec le systeme de mesure; differences avec les experiences de mesure de susceptibilite alternative. Application a deux verres de spin isolants CdCr 1,7 In 0,3 S 4 et CsNiFeF 6 dans l'intervalle de frequences 10 −2 -10 2 Hz; observation d'une variation en 1/f avec la frequence
Parental Internet Use and Health Information Seeking Behavior Comparing Elective and Emergency Pediatric Surgical Situations

Abstract Introduction This study evaluates usage patterns of online health information in parents with children undergoing elective or emergency surgical procedures. Materials and Methods We prospectively surveyed parents of children admitted to our institution for common emergency (appendicectomy, abscess drainage, gonadal torsion) or elective (herniotomy, orchidopexy) operations between March and September 2016. Each completed an anonymized modification of a previously published survey comprising 19 questions on demographic data, Internet usage, and review of Internet resources. Chi-square tests were used for categorical data with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results Eighty-four parents were surveyed: 50(59.5%) elective and 34(40.5%) emergency procedures, with no refusals. Majority were mothers (n = 53; 63.1%). Despite high home Internet availability (n = 81; 96.4%) and high casual Internet usage rates (74 parents, 88.1%, reported daily use), just 38 (76%) parents from the elective group and 24 (70.6%) from the emergency group went online to access their child's admitting condition. Friends and family were more likely to be approached for information in elective (n = 27; 54%) and emergency groups (n = 24;70.6%) than general practitioners or other health care workers. When condition-specific online information was sought, more than 95% felt that the information concurred with the doctor's. Most common reasons were for more information on the condition (n = 56; 90.3%) and on medical treatment (n = 52; 83.9%). Eighteen (18/62; 29%) parents reported excessively technical information. No significant difference in behavior was found comparing elective and emergency groups. Conclusion Approximately one quarter of parents do not access condition-specific online medical information despite high Internet penetration rates. More than half depend on friends and family for additional information, reflecting societal and cultural norms in our population. Surgeons must incorporate awareness of these behaviors during counselling
[Acute poisoning by viloxazine chlorhydrate taken by itself].

One of the missions of the Poison Control Centres is to collect an important number of cases concerning a substance in order to determine its toxicological pattern for man. Such data were collected for Viloxazine chlorhydrate, an antidepressant belonging to a new chemical, ingested without association with other drugs, at doses varying from 100 mg to 4 g. The toxicological action of this drug was moderate, as no death occurred in the cases under study. The depression of the central nervous system was characterised only by a transitory loss of consciousness with recovery within a few hours. Two cases of convulsive seizure and one of extrapyramidal syndrome were the only complications in these intoxications. This confirms the difference between viloxazine and other antidepressants (tricyclics or IMAO inhibitors) whose toxic action on C.N. S. is more pronounced and sometimes complicated by cardiovascular disorders.
Smart control of indoor thermal environment based on online learned thermal comfort model using infrared thermal imaging

The present indoor environment control is conducted according to the set-points given by room occupants or building managers. This control method might exist improper temperature set-points so that result in discomfort of overheating/overcooling and corresponding energy waste. For the purpose of solving these problems, a smart solution for indoor environment control, which is based on online learned thermal comfort model using infrared thermal imaging, is proposed to take place of the set-points based control. Experiments were conducted to study the feasibility, user acceptance, and energy performance of the proposed smart control method. The experiment results show that shows that the users are satisfactory with this control system, which means the proposed indoor thermal environment control method based on thermal sensation prediction is feasible for actual application and effective for achieve more satisfactory indoor thermal environment using a smarter way.
Automatic Seizure Detection Using Multi-Resolution Dynamic Mode Decomposition

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological issues faced by a large population around the globe. Epilepsy is marked by intermittent seizures, the detection of which can be a challenging problem. Therefore, reliably detecting the onset of seizures has evoked the interest of researchers over the last few years. Major leaps in the domain of machine learning, signal processing methods, and computational capabilities have made it a tractable task. In this paper, we apply multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition (MRDMD), which is a data-driven dimensionality reduction technique, on the problem of epileptic seizure detection. This method can effectively separate a complex non-linear system into a collection of time-scale components at different resolutions. We have applied this algorithm on two different scalp EEG datasets, i.e., CHB-MIT and KU Leaven datasets. We have applied necessary post-processing steps to reduce the false alarm rate and boost the sensitivity and specificity. A detailed analysis of the results has been presented for the proposed method applied to both the datasets. The algorithm achieves a sensitivity of 0.937 and 0.96, a specificity of 0.99 and 0.99, a false alarm rate of 0.587 and 0.413 per hour, and a latency of 3.12 and 2.75 s for CHB-MIT and KU Leuven, respectively. The results indicate that the multi-resolution analysis yields a significant improvement in sensitivity compared with the basic dynamic mode decomposition.
Real-time sequentially decision for optimal action using prediction of the state-action pair

We previously reported that an approach to predict the changes of the state and action of the robot. In this paper, to extend this approach, we will attempt to apply the action to be taken in the future to current action. For the achievement of this point, firstly, we will attempt to apply the action to be taken in the future, to the current action, by extending the former approach. We will apply the prediction of the State-Action Pair that has former proposed method. This method predicts the robot state and action for the distant future, using the state that the robot adopt repeatedly. Accordingly, we will obtain the actions that the robot to be taken in the future. In addition, we consider the point that the state and the action of the robot will be changed continuously. In this paper, we propose the method that predicts the state and the action every time when the robot decide an action. By using this method, we will obtain the compensate current action. This paper presents the results of these studies and discusses methods that allow the robot decides its desirable behavior quickly, using the state predicted combined with optimal control method.
Inherited intracellular ecosystem: symbiotic bacteria share bacteriocytes in whiteflies

Symbiotic relationships with bacteria are common within the Arthropoda, with interactions that substantially influence the biology of both partners. The symbionts’ spatial distribution is essential for understanding key aspects of this relationship, such as bacterial transmission, phenotype, and dynamics. In this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to localize five secondary symbionts from various populations and biotypes of the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci: Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Wolbachia, and Rickettsia. All five symbionts were found to be located with the primary symbiont Portiera inside the bacteriocytes — cells specifically modified to house bacteria — but within these cells, they occupied various niches. The intrabacteriocyte distribution pattern of Rickettsia differed from what has been described previously. Cardinium and Wolbachia were found in other host tissues as well. Because all symbionts share the same cell, bacteriocytes in B. tabaci represent a unique intracellular ecosystem. This phenomenon may be a result of the direct enclosure of the bacteriocyte in the egg during oogenesis, providing a useful mechanism for efficient vertical transmission by “hitching a ride” with Portiera. On the other hand, cohabitation in the same cell provides ample opportunities for interactions among symbionts that can either facilitate (cooperation) or limit (warfare) symbiotic existence. —Gottlieb, Y. , Ghanim, M. , Gueguen, G. , Kontsedalov, S. , Vavre, F. , Fleury, F. , Zchori‐Fein, E. Inherited intracellular ecosystem: symbiotic bacteria share bacteriocytes in whiteflies. FASEB J. 22, 2591–2599 (2008)
Antioxidants in cancer therapy: Is there a rationale to recommend antioxidants during cancer therapy?

enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity. In vivo , 2-ME caused a slight inhibition of tumor growth, with no tumors cured. The combination of 2-ME treatment with localized 44 ◦ C hyperthermia, respiratory hyperoxia and xanthine oxidase caused a tumor growth delay with 51% of tumors cured
Contribution à l’industrialisation par l’amélioration du processus traditionnel de fabrication de la boisson locale à base de datte « Rob »

Algeria is a country traditionally large producer of dates. Production date in summer of 9.5 million quintals. in 2013 (MADR, 2014). The genetic diversity of date palm in Algeria is very important, a thousandvarieties. Domestic consumption in dates remains low:5 kg/capita/year excluding regions oases and 30-40 kg per capita in the areas of production (MADR, 2008). There is a knowledge and traditional know-how inprocessing of dates in various food products (Rob,vinegar, R’ouina.) ,but it remains closed at the level of households. The objective of this work is the description of an artisan product made from dates «Rob» through a physico-chemical analysis: pH (4.24 ±0.12), titratable acidity (3.25 ± 0.34 g / 100 g), density(1.38 ± 0.01 g/cm3), soluble solids (TSS) (74.62 ± 3.01Brix), dry matter and water content (24.71 ± 1.11%),content in total ash (2.02 ± 0.41%), sugars reducers :(20.49 ± 5.66%), thus to describe its method of manufacturing through a survey of transversal descriptive type with 30 artisans.
NON-LINEAR OPTIMIZATION OF AN INJECTION LOCKED HIGH EFFICIENCY VCO WITH ARBITRARILY WIDTH MODULATED MICROSTRIP LINE NETWORKS

In this work a non-linear e-ciency optimization method for its application to an Injection-Locked High E-ciency Voltage Controlled Oscillator is presented. The proposed approach is based on the control of the harmonic content of the oscillator autonomous signal, which is accomplished through the use of an Auxiliary Generator and several multi-harmonic loads based on Arbitrarily Width-Modulated Microstrip Lines. The presented technique has been applied to the design of a 2.5GHz high e-ciency Voltage Controlled Oscillator, which has been manufactured and experimentally characterized, obtaining a good agreement between the simulated and measured results.
A fusion-intermediate state of HIV-1 gp41 targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies

Most antibodies induced by HIV-1 are ineffective at preventing initiation or spread of infection because they are either nonneutralizing or narrowly isolate-specific. Rare, “broadly neutralizing” antibodies have been detected that recognize relatively conserved regions on the envelope glycoprotein. Using stringently characterized, homogeneous preparations of trimeric HIV-1 envelope protein in relevant conformations, we have analyzed the molecular mechanism of neutralization by two of these antibodies, 2F5 and 4E10. We find that their epitopes, in the membrane-proximal segment of the envelope protein ectodomain, are exposed only on a form designed to mimic an intermediate state during viral entry. These results help explain the rarity of 2F5- and 4E10-like antibody responses and suggest a strategy for eliciting them.
Cannabidiol, unlike synthetic cannabinoids, triggers activation of RBL‐2H3 mast cells

Cannabidiol (CBD), a prominent psychoinactive component of cannabis with negligible affinity for known cannabinoid receptors, exerts numerous pharmacological actions, including anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. In the current study, we questioned whether CBD modulates activation of mast cells, key players in inflammation. By using the rat basophilic leukemia mast cell line (RBL‐2H3), we demonstrate that CBD (3–10 μM) augments β‐hexosaminidase release, a marker of cell activation, from antigen‐stimulated and unstimulated cells via a mechanism, which is not mediated by Gi/Go protein‐coupled receptors but rather is associated with a robust rise in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels sensitive to clotrimazole and nitrendipine (10–30 μM). This action, although mimicked by Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is opposite to that inhibitory, exerted by the synthetic cannabinoids WIN 55,212‐2 and CP 55,940. Moreover, the vanilloid capsaicin, a full agonist of transient receptor potential channel VR1, did not affect [Ca2+]ilevels in the RBL‐2H3 cells, thus excluding the involvement of this receptor in the CBD‐mediated effects. Together, these results support existence of yet‐to‐be identified sites of interaction, i.e., receptors and/or ion channels associated with Ca2+ influx of natural cannabinoids such as CBD and THC, the identification of which has the potential to provide for novel strategies and agents of therapeutic interest.
Masako Okawa Melatonin Rhythms in Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome

The aim of this study was to compare circadian and sleep characteristics between patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and healthy controls. The authors studied 8 DSPS patients and 15 normal controls. Serum melatonin concentration was assessed every hour for 24 h under dim light conditions. The sleep phase and the melatonin rhythm in DSPS patients were significantly delayed compared to those in normal controls. Sleep length was significantly greater in DSPS patients compared to that in controls, but the duration of melatonin secretion did not differ between the two groups. The final awakening, relative to melatonin onset, melatonin midpoint, and melatonin offset, was significantly longer in DSPS patients than in controls. By contrast, the timing of sleep onset relative to melatonin rhythm did not differ between the two groups. The authors found a significant positive correlation between sleep phase markers and melatonin phase markers in DSPS. They postulate that a delayed circadian pacemaker may be responsible for delayed sleep phase syndrome. The alteration of phase angle between melatonin rhythm and sleep phase suggested that not only the delay of the circadian clock but also a functional disturbance of the sleep-wake mechanism underlies DSPS.
Selection of correction candidates for the normalization of Spanish user-generated content

Abstract We present research aiming to build tools for the normalization of User-Generated Content (UGC). We argue that processing this type of text requires the revisiting of the initial steps of Natural Language Processing, since UGC (micro-blog, blog, and, generally, Web 2.0 user-generated texts) presents a number of nonstandard communicative and linguistic characteristics – often closer to oral and colloquial language than to edited text. We present a corpus of UGC text in Spanish from three different sources: Twitter, consumer reviews, and blogs, and describe its main characteristics. We motivate the need for UGC text normalization by analyzing the problems found when processing this type of text through a conventional language processing pipeline, particularly in the tasks of lemmatization and morphosyntactic tagging. Our aim with this paper is to seize the power of already existing spell and grammar correction engines and endow them with automatic normalization capabilities in order to pave the way for the application of standard Natural Language Processing tools to typical UGC text. Particularly, we propose a strategy for automatically normalizing UGC by adding a module on top of a pre-existing spell-checker that selects the most plausible correction from an unranked list of candidates provided by the spell-checker. To build this selector module we train four language models, each one containing a different type of linguistic information in a trade-off with its generalization capabilities. Our experiments show that the models trained on truecase and lowercase word forms are more discriminative than the others at selecting the best candidate. We have also experimented with a parametrized combination of the models by both optimizing directly on the selection task and doing a linear interpolation of the models. The resulting parametrized combinations obtain results close to the best performing model but do not improve on those results, as measured on the test set. The precision of the selector module in ranking number one the expected correction proposal on the test corpora reaches 82.5% for Twitter text (baseline 57%) and 88% for non-Twitter text (baseline 64%).
Participation in Pre–High School Football and Neurological, Neuroradiological, and Neuropsychological Findings in Later Life

Background: A recent study found that an earlier age of first exposure (AFE) to tackle football was associated with long-term neurocognitive impairment in retired National Football League (NFL) players. Purpose: To assess the association between years of exposure to pre–high school football (PreYOE) and neuroradiological, neurological, and neuropsychological outcome measures in a different sample of retired NFL players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Forty-five former NFL players were included in this study. All participants prospectively completed extensive history taking, a neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. To measure the associations between PreYOE and these outcome measures, multiple regression models were utilized while controlling for several covariates. Results: After applying a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, none of the neurological, neuroradiological, or neuropsychological outcome measures yielded a significant relationship with PreYOE. A second Bonferroni-corrected analysis of a subset of these athletes with self-reported learning disability yielded no significant relationships on paper-and-pencil neurocognitive tests but did result in a significant association between learning disability and computerized indices of visual motor speed and reaction time. Conclusion: The current study failed to replicate the results of a prior study, which concluded that an earlier AFE to tackle football might result in long-term neurocognitive deficits. In 45 retired NFL athletes, there were no associations between PreYOE and neuroradiological, neurological, and neuropsychological outcome measures.
Development of Phonological Constancy

Efficient word recognition depends on detecting critical phonetic differences among similar-sounding words, or sensitivity to phonological distinctiveness, an ability evident at 19 months of age but unreliable at 14 to 15 months of age. However, little is known about phonological constancy, the equally crucial ability to recognize a word's identity across natural phonetic variations, such as those in cross-dialect pronunciation differences. We show that 15- and 19-month-old children recognize familiar words spoken in their native dialect, but that only the older children recognize familiar words in a dissimilar nonnative dialect, providing evidence for emergence of phonological constancy by 19 months. These results are compatible with a perceptual-attunement account of developmental change in early word recognition, but not with statistical-learning or phonological accounts. Thus, the complementary skills of phonological constancy and distinctiveness both appear at around 19 months of age, together providing the child with a fundamental insight that permits rapid vocabulary growth and later reading acquisition.
To know Escherichia coli is to know bacterial diarrheal disease.

Clinical Infectious Diseases 2001;32:1710-2 ? 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 1058-4838/2001/3212-0008$03.00 in the article by Adachi et al. [1] in this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, E. coli is by far the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in diverse populations. The enteroaggregative E. coli, as reported in this issue of the journal, is one of the recently described members of the E. coli family to be associated with diarrheal disease and appears to be associated with a novel group of virulence traits. The virulence traits or presumed virulence traits are distinct for each of the