Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or BCG for colon cancer: results from NSABP protocol C-01.

Data are presented from 1,166 patients with Dukes B and C carcinoma of the colon who were entered into the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol C-01 between November 1977 and February 1983. Patients were randomized to one of three therapeutic categories: 1) no further treatment following curative resection (394 patients); 2) postoperative chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, semustine, and vincristine (379 patients); or 3) postoperative BCG (393 patients). The average time on study was 77.3 months. A comparison between patients receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and those treated with surgery alone indicated that there was an overall improvement in disease-free survival (P = .02) and survival (P = .05) in favor of the chemotherapy-treated group. At 5 years of follow-up, patients treated with surgery alone were at 1.29 times the risk of developing a treatment failure and at 1.31 times the likelihood of dying as were similar patients treated with combination adjuvant chemotherapy. Comparison of the BCG-treated group with the group treated with surgery alone indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (P = .09). There was, however, a survival advantage in favor of the BCG-treated group (P = .03). At 5 years of follow-up, patients randomized to the surgery-alone arm were at 1.28 times the risk of dying as were similar patients treated with BCG. Further investigation disclosed that this survival advantage in favor of BCG was a result of a diminution in deaths that were non-cancer related. When analyses were conducted on which events not related to cancer recurrence were eliminated, the survival difference between the BCG and control groups became nonsignificant (P = .40); the cumulative odds at 5 years decreased from 1.28 to 1.10. The findings from this study are the first from a randomized prospective clinical trial to demonstrate that a significant disease-free survival and survival benefit can be achieved with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Dukes B and C carcinoma of the colon who have undergone curative resection.
STUDY ON PRACTICABILITY OF HYDROPONICAL CULTURE OF GRAM ( CICER ARIETINUM )

Agriculture is a chief supplier for the growth of Indian Economy. Rice, Wheat, Pieces, pulses and vegetables are some major plant species cultivated primarily. Due to rise in population and contradictory decline in land size available for agriculture, situate to introduce a new method of agriculture for increasing potential of cultivation. Gram (Cicer arietinum) is one of them, also commonly known as chick pea. Hydroponical culture of chick pea plant showed some possibility for large scale production. Seed germination taken very less time in comparison to soil germinated seed. Growth of shoot was also measured after every 24hr, which illustrated elevated shoot length (cm) in short time period. Leaf initiation was also observed after 48hr of seed propagation. The feasibility of the technique for the selected plant species was predictable in liquid nutrient medium. Fruiting and flowering was not observed in the experiment and required some more attempts with modification in experimental design. Temperature, Humidity, light and other physical factors was maintained with natural surroundings.
Progressive Loss of Striatal Neurons Causes Motor Dysfunction in MND2 Mutant Mice and Is Not Prevented by Bcl-2

The mouse mutant "motoneuron disease 2" (MND2, mnd2 on Chr 6) was originally characterized as a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) because degenerating motoneurons were observed in late stages of the disease. MND2 mutants exhibit a progressive phenotype with neurological symptoms that begin at postnatal day (dP) 20 and include involuntary movements, abnormal postures, akinesis, and death between dP 30 and 40. Unexpectedly, there was no induction of acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit mRNA in skeletal muscle of MND2 mice, an indicator of muscle denervation due to motoneuron loss. Rather, we found a massive loss of striatal neurons beginning at dP 25. Histochemical and ultrastructural analysis revealed nuclear pyknosis, chromatin condensation, and organelle disintegration, combined features of apoptosis and necrosis, characteristic for excitotoxic cell death. Striatal neurodegeneration was accompanied by a pronounced astrogliosis and activation of microglia with macrophage morphology. Motor abnormalities and neuronal loss in MND2 mice were not prevented by neuronal overexpression of a Bcl-2 transgene. Transcripts of several cytokines, including Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, were upregulated in the CNS, as well as in lung and spleen, indicating that the mnd2 mutation causes additional pathological effects outside the CNS. Since a 50% reduction in the number of striatal neurons is sufficient to account for the neurological phenotype of MND2 mice, MND2 may be classified as striatal atrophy rather than a primary motor neuron disease. Thus, MND2 mutant mice may provide useful insights into molecular events underlying striatal cell death.
Evidence That the Angiotensin IV (AT4) Receptor Is the Enzyme Insulin-regulated Aminopeptidase*

Central infusion of angiotensin IV or its more stable analogues facilitates memory retention and retrieval in normal animals and reverses amnesia induced by scopolamine or by bilateral perforant pathway lesions. These peptides bind with high affinity and specificity to a novel binding site designated the angiotensin AT4 receptor. Until now, the AT4 receptor has eluded molecular characterization. Here we identify the AT4 receptor, by protein purification and peptide sequencing, to be insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). HEK 293T cells transfected with IRAP exhibit typical AT4receptor binding characteristics; the AT4 receptor ligands, angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin 7, compete for the binding of [125I]Nle1-angiotensin IV with IC50 values of 32 and 140 nm, respectively. The distribution of IRAP and its mRNA in the brain, determined by immunohistochemistry and hybridization histochemistry, parallels that of the AT4 receptor determined by radioligand binding. We also show that AT4 receptor ligands dose-dependently inhibit the catalytic activity of IRAP. We have therefore demonstrated that the AT4 receptor is IRAP and propose that AT4 receptor ligands may exert their effects by inhibiting the catalytic activity of IRAP thereby extending the half-life of its neuropeptide substrates.
Targeting STOX1 in the therapy of preeclampsia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy disease, explained partly by genetic predispositions. STOX1, a transcription factor discovered in 2005, was the first gene directly associated with genetic forms of the disease. Alterations of STOX1 expression as well as STOX1 variants have also been associated to Alzheimer’s disease. These observations make of this gene a putative therapeutic target. Area covered: Two major isoforms (STOX1A and STOX1B) are encoded by the gene and are theoretically able to compete for the same binding site, while only the most complete (STOX1A) is supposed to be able to activate gene expression. This makes the ratio between STOX1A and STOX1B as well as their position inside the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm) crucial to understand how STOX1 functions. STOX1 appears to have multiple gene targets, especially in pathways connected to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell cycle. Expert opinion: STOX1-directed therapies, could be directed either towards its targets (genes or pathways), or directly at STOX1. For this the addressing of STOX1 to various cell compartments could theoretically be modified; also it could be possible of altering the balance between the two isoforms, through selectively inhibiting one of them, possibly improving the outcomes in severe preeclampsia.
Be precise! The need to consider the mechanisms for CEP17 copy number changes in breast cancer

A recent paper by Marchiò and colleagues indicated that true polysomy of chromosome 17 is rare and that coincident CEP 17 centromere amplification may account for its overestimation in FISH testing for HER2 amplification, with a treat/not treat decision as the final important readout. Here the importance of relating HER2 copy number to cell count rather than a ratio with CEP17 is emphasized. This is central to ensuring that all who may respond to potentially life‐saving treatment with herceptin/lapatininib are not denied these drugs. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Wideband Printed Tapered-Slot Antenna With Pattern Reconfigurability

A wideband printed tapered-slot antenna with pattern reconfigurability is proposed. The antenna consists of four tapered slots, a reconfigurable microstrip-to-slotline transition, and four p-i-n diodes. With a suitable arrangement of bias voltages, four endfire radiation patterns are realized with a simple bias circuit. The measured relative impedance bandwidth of | S11| less than - 10 dB is 71.3%, which is from 1.57 to 3.31 GHz in all operation modes. The gains for four directions are all higher than 6.4 dBi at the center frequency of 2.4 GHz. The measured and simulated results agree with each other well. The proposed antenna has good performances at four reconfigurable directions in a wide band.
Noise synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery compressing and reconstruction based on compressed sensing

In this paper, a denoise approach is proposed to reduce the speckle noise in SAR images based on compress sensing. Through the skill of compressed sensing, we divide the image into some blocks, and propose an image reconstruction method based on block compressing sensing with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit. By adding some simulated speckle noise in the SAR image, the performance of the proposed approach is shown and compared with a conventional algorithm. the result has been shown that our method can get better result in terms of peak signal noise ratio (PSNR).
Inhibition of phagocytosis in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: a virulence plasmid-encoded ability involving the Yop2b protein

Virulence plasmid-containing cells of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis had the ability to inhibit phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured in vitro, but cells of its plasmid-cured derivative did not. Inhibition was most pronounced when the pathogen was incubated under Ca2+-deficient conditions, which allowed a high level of expression of outer membrane proteins (Yops). The addition of 2.5 mM Ca2+ to the growth medium reduced the degree of inhibition by the pathogen, but it was still significantly higher than that of the plasmid-cured strain. An avirulent mutant strain, from which the entire yopH gene was deleted, was impaired in its phagocytosis inhibition ability. This mutant could be trans-complemented by the yopH+ gene back to the wild-type phenotype with respect to virulence, as well as the ability to inhibit phagocytosis, demonstrating that the ability to inhibit phagocytosis is an important virulence function. The mutant strain was still cytotoxic for HeLa cells, indicating that inhibition of phagocytosis can be genetically separated from the ability to cause a cytotoxic effect.
Effect of Temperature on the Fecundity and Longevity of Ascotis selenaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): Developing an Oviposition Model

Abstract The fecundity and longevity of Ascotis selenaria (Denis & Schiffermüller 1775) female adults were examined at constant temperatures ranging from 13–35°C. Adult longevity decreased as the temperature increased and ranged from 26.2 d at 13.1°C to 5.2 d at 34.3°C. The maximum observed fecundity of A. selenaria was 2,420 eggs per female at 19.4°C, which decreased to ca 100 eggs per female at 34.3°C. Female adult aging rates (one per median longevity) were well described by a sigmoid equation in the range of 13–35°C used to calculate the physiological age of adults. The relationship between total fecundity and temperature was well described by an extreme value function. Age-specific cumulative oviposition rate and age-specific survival rate curve were fitted to a three-parameter Weibull function. An oviposition model for A. selenaria was developed using the estimated three temperature-dependent submodels: total fecundity, age-specific cumulative oviposition, and age-specific survival rate models. The oviposition model was simulated using pheromone catches of A. selenaria females as input value. Simulated egg populations were subjected to egg stage emergence model to project first-instar populations. Overall, the output of our simulation described the field occurrence pattern of A. selenaria first-instar populations in 2009 and 2010.
Protein‐Structure Prediction by Recombination of Fragments

The field of protein‐structure prediction has been revolutionized by the application of “mix‐and‐match” methods both in template‐based homology modeling and in template‐free de novo folding. Consensus analysis and recombination of fragments copied from known protein structures is currently the only approach that allows the building of models that are closer to the native structure of the target protein than the structure of its closest homologue. It is also the most successful approach in cases in which the target protein exhibits a novel three‐dimensional fold. This review summarizes the recent developments in both template‐based and template‐free protein structure modeling and compares the available methods for protein‐structure prediction by recombination of fragments. A convergence between the “protein folding” and “protein evolution” schools of thought is postulated.
Tuning Class E Inverters Applied in Inductive Links Using Saturable Reactors

This paper investigates the performance of Class E inverters used in wireless power transfer applications based on resonant inductive coupling. The variations in the load and the distance between the coils cause Class E inverters to operate under nonoptimal switching conditions, which result in inefficient operation and can lead to permanent damage to its switching transistor. Therefore, a novel approach to tune Class E inverters electronically is proposed. The tuning method relies on saturable reactors to ensure that the inverter operates under optimal switching conditions regardless of variations in the load and the distance between the coils. In addition, a more accurate model of inductive links is presented in order to provide a better understanding of the major power losses in resonant inductive links. Experimental results are presented to confirm the improved accuracy of the inductive link model and the validity of the tuning method.
An immunofluorescent method for detecting antibodies against viridans streptococci in Streptococcus viridans endocarditis.

Serum was collected one to three months after the onset of symptoms from eight endocarditis cases and from another endocarditis case about three weeks after the onset of symptoms (case 8 in Table). Endocarditis was proven in each case clinically and by numerous sets of blood -cultures that yielded growth of viridans streptococci. Three positive standard reference sera, obtained from patients with endocarditis, were included with every batch of tests. The first, second, and third reference sera had high fluorescent antibody titres (1 in 1600) against Strep. sanguis, mitior, and mutans respectively. Serum samples were also collected from 20 control cases with carious teeth who were otherwise healthy. A negative control serum was prepared by pooling the
A Polynomial Time Algorithm for Finding Bayesian Probabilities from Marginal Constraints

A method of calculating probability values from a system of marginal constraints is presented. Previous systems for finding the probability of a single attribute have either made an independence assumption concerning the evidence or have required, in the worst case, time exponential in the number of attributes of the system. In this paper a closed form solution to the probability of an attribute given the evidence is found. The closed form solution, however does not enforce the (non-linear) constraint that all terms in the underlying distribution be positive. The equation requires O(r^3) steps to evaluate, where r is the number of independent marginal constraints describing the system at the time of evaluation. Furthermore, a marginal constraint may be exchanged with a new constraint, and a new solution calculated in O(r^2) steps. This method is appropriate for calculating probabilities in a real time expert system
New Weighted Clustering Approach to Map and Prioritise Learning Knowledge Objects towards Learning Approaches

To have a unique learning experience and a high learning impact, diverse courses should be incorporated in e-Learning. Learning Management System, a tool in e-Learning manages and delivers content to users. Learning Objects (LO), the course content is the fundamental unit of Learning Management System. Knowledge Object of Knowledge Management System can also be a viable resource in technology supported learning. A learning scenario for a given learner has to be identified. The course content (LO) has to match their learning skills. Data mining techniques can be widely used to find similar objects and K-Mean clustering technique can be used to produce more consistent clusters. The clusters can have strong and similar concepts of Learning Knowledge Objects. A new algorithm, a weighted cosine distance that gives real-valued distances between instances which further modifies the structure of the feature space is used for prioritising objects in clusters. These objects can be further mapped to learning approaches of the users. An experiment is conducted by using Learning and Knowledge Objects to understand the effectiveness of the weighted measure, thereby a personalized holistic learning environment is provided to the learners.
Cloning of Human 2H9 Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins

Using antibody 2H9 from our heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (anti-hnRNP) monoclonal antibody library, we previously showed in HeLa cells that a 35-37-kDa protein doublet switches from the hnRNP complexes to the nuclear matrix following a 10-min heat shock at 45°C (1 Lutz, Y., Jacob, M., and Fuchs, J. P. (1988) Exp. Cell Res. 175, 109-124). cDNA cloning and sequencing revealed an hnRNP protein (2H9) which is a new member of the hnRNP F, H/H′ family. Protein 2H9 displays two consensus sequence-type RNA binding domains (CS-RBD) showing 80-90% homology with two of the three CS-RBDs of hnRNP F and H/H′. Another common feature is the presence of two glycine/tyrosine-rich auxiliary domains located at the C terminus and between the two CS-RBDs. At the functional level we show that specific anti-2H9 peptide antibodies can directly inhibit an in vitro splicing system. Moreover, the 2H9 protein doublet is no more present in nuclear extracts from such briefly stressed cells, which interestingly correlates with the inability of these extracts to catalyze in vitro splicing reactions. Taken together, our data suggest that these proteins are involved in the splicing process and also participate in early heat shock-induced splicing arrest by transiently leaving the hnRNP complexes. These 2H9 proteins, which are encoded by a single gene located on human chromosome 10, were also found to be associated with nuclear bodies in situ.
Evaluation for TCP with delayed ACK option in wireless multi-hop networks

In multi-hop wireless networks, the TCP data packet stream has to compete for limited bandwidth with its ACK stream. In this paper, we investigate and evaluate the performance of several prevalent TCP algorithms using the delayed acknowledgment (DA) option defined in IETF RFC 1122, which allows the TCP receiver to transmit an ACK for every two incoming packets. After extensively comparing the existing TCP versions (including Tahoe, Reno, New Reno, Sack and Vegas) by simulation, we show that with the DA option, the TCP connection can gain 15-32% output improvement. We strongly recommend using the DA option in TCP applications in wireless multi-hop networks.
Water management studies in PEM fuel cells , Part II : Ex situ investigation of flow maldistribution , pressure drop and two-phase flow pattern in gas channels

Two-phase flow of water and reactant gases in the gas distribution channels of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) plays a critical role in proper water management. In this work, the two-phase flow in PEMFC cathode parallel channels is studied over a wide range of superficial air velocity (air stoichiometry) and superficial water velocity in a specially designed ex situ experimental setup, which enables the measurement of instantaneous flow rates in individual gas channels and simultaneous visualization of the water flow structure. It is found that the two-phase flow at low superficial air velocities (air stoichiometry below 5) is dominated by slugs or semi-slugs, leading to severe flow maldistribution and large fluctuations in the pressure drop. Slug residence time, measured from the video observation and the instantaneous flow rate data, is found to be a new parameter to describe the slug flow. At higher air velocities, a water film is formed on the channel walls if they are hydrophilic. The pressure drop for the film flow is characterized by smaller but frequent fluctuations, which are found to result from the water buildup at the channel-exit manifold interface. As the superficial air velocity increases further, mist flow is obtained where little water buildup is observed. The water buildup in the gas channels at the two-phase flow is well described by the two-phase friction multiplier, defined as the ratio of the two-phase pressure drop to the single gas phase pressure drop. It is found that the two-phase friction multiplier increases with increasing water flow rate. A flow pattern map is developed using superficial water and air velocities with clearly defined transition regions. a 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights
Metabolic control targets in Sudanese adults with type 1 diabetes: A population-based study

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a challenging metabolic disorder for health authorities in Sudan. The objective of this study was to assess the level of glycemic control and to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and complications among individuals with type 1 diabetes in Sudan. Materials and Methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes, who were having the disease for at least 1 year, were invited to participate in this study. Data were collected from two diabetes centers, in the Capital Khartoum and Atbara City, North of Sudan. Participants were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, sociodemographic data, and life style characteristics. Blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured. Blood samples were taken for measurement of lipid profile and glycosylated hemoglobin. Results: A total of eighty individuals with type 1 diabetes volunteered to participate in this study, 37.5% of males and 62.5% of females. Majority of the patients were aged between 40 and 70 years old. There was poor glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin >7%), in 83.8%. Age and sex were significant factors associated with poor glycemic control in this cohort. High cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein were seen in 76.2%, 27.5%, and 48.8% of participants, respectively. Low high density lipoprotein was seen in 33.8%. Hypertension was determined in 21.3%. Peripheral neuropathy, visual impairment, diabetic foot, and myocardial infarction were seen in 50%, 48.8%, 18.8%, and 2.5% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Sudanese adults with type 1 diabetes have poor glycemic control, high prevalence of dyslipidemia, and long-term complications.