Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angiogenic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus: mechanistic and clinical aspects.

CONTEXT Diabetes causes severe pathological changes to the microvasculature in many organs and tissues, and is at the same time associated with an increased risk of coronary and peripheral macrovascular events. We herein review alterations in angiogenesis observed in human and experimental diabetes and how they contribute to diabetes onset and development of vascular complications. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The English language medical literature was searched for articles reporting on angio/vasculogenesis abnormalities in diabetes, their clinical manifestations, mechanistic aspects, and possible therapeutic implications. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Angiogenesis is a complex process, driven by a multiplicity of molecular mechanisms and involved in several physiological and pathological conditions. Incompetent angiogenesis is pervasive to diabetic vascular complications, with both excessive and defective angiogenesis observed in various tissues. A striking different angiogenic response typically occurs in the retina versus the myocardium and peripheral circulation, but some commonalities in abnormal angiogenesis can explain the well-known association between micro- and macroangiopathy. Impaired angiogenesis can also affect endocrine islet and adipose tissue function, providing a link to diabetes onset. Exposure to high glucose itself directly affects angio/vasculogenic processes and the mechanisms include defective responses to hypoxia and pro-angiogenic factors, impaired nitric oxide bioavailability, shortage of pro-angiogenic cells, and loss of pericytes. CONCLUSIONS Dissecting the molecular drivers of tissue-specific alterations of angio-/vasculogenesis is an important challenge to devise new therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis-modulating therapies should be carefully evaluated in view of their potential off-target effects. At present, glycemic control remains the most reasonable therapeutic strategy to normalize angiogenesis in diabetes.
Implementing Lazy Streams in C++

We show that the ability of a lazy language, like Haskell, to allow procedures to lazily generate a stream of tokens can be added to ANSI C++ merely by writing code in a style which uses classes to implement function closures. Coding in this style provides an easy way to handle inﬁnite streams in C++, results in application layer implementations that closely resemble a problem’s speciﬁcation, and can be applied to a wide variety of problems in computer science
GrainGenes: centralized small grain resources and digital platform for geneticists and breeders

GrainGenes (https://wheat.pw.usda.gov or https://graingenes.org) is an international centralized repository for curated, peer-reviewed datasets useful to researchers working on wheat, barley, rye and oat. GrainGenes manages genomic, genetic, germplasm and phenotypic datasets through a dynamically generated web interface for facilitated data discovery. Since 1992, GrainGenes has served geneticists and breeders in both the public and private sectors on six continents. Recently, several new datasets were curated into the database along with new tools for analysis. The GrainGenes homepage was enhanced by making it more visually intuitive and by adding links to commonly used pages. Several genome assemblies and genomic tracks are displayed through the genome browsers at GrainGenes, including the Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) cv. 'Chinese Spring' IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 genome assembly, the Aegilops tauschii (D genome progenitor) Aet v4.0 genome assembly, the Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (wild emmer wheat) cv. 'Zavitan' WEWSeq v.1.0 genome assembly, a T. aestivum (bread wheat) pangenome, the Hordeum vulgare (barley) cv. 'Morex' IBSC genome assembly, the Secale cereale (rye) select 'Lo7' assembly, a partial hexaploid Avena sativa (oat) assembly and the Triticum durum cv. 'Svevo' (durum wheat) RefSeq Release 1.0 assembly. New genetic maps and markers were added and can be displayed through CMAP. Quantitative trait loci, genetic maps and genes from the Wheat Gene Catalogue are indexed and linked through the Wheat Information System (WheatIS) portal. Training videos were created to help users query and reach the data they need. GSP (Genome Specific Primers) and PIECE2 (Plant Intron Exon Comparison and Evolution) tools were implemented and are available to use. As more small grains reference sequences become available, GrainGenes will play an increasingly vital role in helping researchers improve crops.
Rho GTPases in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Peripheral Sensory Neurons

Numerous experimental studies demonstrate that the Ras homolog family of guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (Rho GTPases) Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) are important regulators in somatosensory neurons, where they elicit changes in the cellular cytoskeleton and are involved in diverse biological processes during development, differentiation, survival and regeneration. This review summarizes the status of research regarding the expression and the role of the Rho GTPases in peripheral sensory neurons and how these small proteins are involved in development and outgrowth of sensory neurons, as well as in neuronal regeneration after injury, inflammation and pain perception. In sensory neurons, Rho GTPases are activated by various extracellular signals through membrane receptors and elicit their action through a wide range of downstream effectors, such as Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or mixed-lineage kinase (MLK). While RhoA is implicated in the assembly of stress fibres and focal adhesions and inhibits neuronal outgrowth through growth cone collapse, Rac1 and Cdc42 promote neuronal development, differentiation and neuroregeneration. The functions of Rho GTPases are critically important in the peripheral somatosensory system; however, their signalling interconnections and partially antagonistic actions are not yet fully understood.
A Study of the Correlation of Middle Distance Athletics Performance with Cardiopulmonary Functions and Skinfold Thickness

Important test components for performance evaluation, including assessment of body composition, maximum aerobic capacity, heart rate and pulmonary function evaluation are worth considering. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Skinfold thickness and some selected cardiopulmonary parameters in middle distance running performance. Twenty top-class middle distance runners (10 males, with Age = 18-26, Weight = 52-68kg, Height = 165-183cm, BMI (kg/m) = 17.63-20.90; and 10 females with Age = 18-26, Weight = 41-57kg, Height = 157178cm, BMI (kg/m) = 14.53-19.99) from Ethiopian Athletics Federation volunteered to participate in the study. Skinfolds were measured at biceps, triceps, sub-scapular and supra-iliac regions. Vital capacity (VC), Forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1 %, Peak expiratory flow (PEF), Maximum expiratory flow at 25% of maximal VC (MEF25), Maximum expiratory flow at 50% of maximal VC (MEF50), Maximum expiratory flow at 75% of maximal VC (MEF75), Maximum mid expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (MMEF), Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF) and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) were measured by Spirometer. The maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) was determined using a continuous, incremental exercise protocol conducted on an electronically braked treadmill. Cardiotester belt was used to measure heart rate at different level of treadmill testing. Correlation analyses were applied to each variables and run time (performance). Performance was rated by the scoring procedures of the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF). In male athletes, significant negative correlations were observed between skinfold measurement at sub-scapular (r = 0.676, and P = 0.046), and supra-iliac (r = 0.798, P = 0.01) and IAAF score. High negative correlation were found between sum of four skinfold measures and IAAF score (r = 0.800, P = 0.010). In the female athletes, high negative correlations were found between skinfolds measurement at sub-scapular (r = -0.639, P = 0.047), supra-iliac (r = -0.751, P = 0.012), sum of four skinfolds measurement (r = -0.778, P = 0.008), body fat percentage (r = -0.840, P = 0.002) and IAAF score. There was a negative significant correlation between IAAF score and Percent Sub Maximum Heart Rate (%HRmax) at 0.01 level of significance (r = -0.843 in female and r = -0.865 in male) runners. VO2max (measured as ml/min/kg) was positively correlated with IAAF score in male and female runners (r = 0.805, P = 0.003) (r = 0.859, P = 0.001). IAAF score was positively correlated (p<0.05) in the male athletes with the following variables: VC (r = 0.65), FVC (r = 0.70), and FEV1 (r = 0.63). In female athletes IAAF score was also positively correlated with VC (r = 0.66), FVC (r = 0.85) and FEV1 (r = 0.80). Results of this study suggested that lower skinfold thicknesses and sub maximal heart rate were correlated with faster race time; higher lung volume and VO2max are associated with faster run time.
Serum sphingolipids predict de novo hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C cirrhotic patients with sustained virologic response

Curing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, yet HCC occurs despite sustained virologic response (SVR) in 2%‐8% of cirrhotic patients. Sphingolipids (SLs) have been identified as new biomarkers of chronic liver disease and HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum SLs as diagnostic HCC biomarkers in patients with HCV‐associated cirrhosis at SVR12.
Mediastinal Adenopathy in Lung Cancer- Relative Merits of 18F-FDG PET-CT and Different Imaging Modalities-A Short Review

Mediastinal Adenopathy in Lung CancerRelative Merits of 18F-FDG PET-CT and Different Imaging Modalities-A Short Review 1 Hafizur Rahman and 2 Shamim M F Begum 1 Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied sciences, Faridpur 2 National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Correspondence Address : Dr. Hafizur Rahman, Principle Medical Officer, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Faridpur, E-mail: mhrn08@yahoo.com
PASAR UMUM GUBUG DI KABUPATEN GROBOGANDENGAN PENGOLAHAN TATA RUANG LUAR DAN TATA RUANG DALAMMELALUI PENDEKATAN IDEOLOGI FUNGSIONALISME UTILITARIAN

Pasar tradisional merupakan salah satu sarana pendukung di sektor perdagangan sebagai tempat bertemunya para penjual dan pembelinya serta ditandai dengan adanya transaksi jual beli secara langsung. Di Indonesia terdapat 13.450 buah pasar tradisional dengan jumlah pedagang  14,8 juta pedagang kecil di dalamnya. Selain pedagang, petani sangat menggantungkan kehidupannya pada pasar tradisional. Hasil panen yang diperoleh, mereka jual ke pasar tradisional untuk mencukupi kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang bermata pencaharian sebagai petani sebanyak 12.149 jiwa4. Maka pasar tradisional berperan penting dalam kehidupan ekonomi Indonesia khususnya dalam sektor perdagangan. Kabupaten Grobogan merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang terletak di provinsi Jawa Tengah yang sangat menggantungkan kehidupan ekonominya pada sektor perdagangan khususnya pasar tradisional. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan sebagian besar penduduknya bermatapencaharian sebagai petani dan pedagang. Pasar Umum Gubug merupakan salah satu pasar tradisional yang terdapat di Kabupaten Grobogan yang terletak di Kecamatan Gubug. Pasar Umum Gubug termasuk dalam kategori golongan 1A yang memiliki luas lahan 15.877 m2 dengan jumlah pedagang 1068 pada tahun 2013. Kebakaran yang terjadi di Pasar Umum Gubug pada tanggal 15 November 2009 membuat kegiatan jual beli terhenti cukup lama. Pada bulan Januari 2010 pemerintah daerah kabupaten Grobogan membuat pasar darurat yang terletak di alun-alun dekat pasar tersebut. Oleh karena itu, komisi C DPRD tahun 2012 Kabupaten Grobogan, Pasar Umum Gubug akan dibangun pada akhir tahun 2012. Beradasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan di pasar-pasar golongan 1 A, sirkulasi merupakan permasalahan utama yang sering ditemukan di pasar-pasar tradisional. Permasalahan sirkulasi yang ditemui yaitu sirkulasi dalam pendistribusian barang maupun sirkulasi pengunjung di dalam dan di luar ruangan. Selain itu, sirkulasi pengudaraan dan penghawaan juga menjadi masalah yang sering ditemui sehingga banyak pasar yang cenderung pengap dan gelap yang menyebabkan masyarakat malas untuk berbelanja di pasar tradisional. Pasar Umum Gubug dirancang dengan sirkulasi distribusi, penghawaan, pencahayaan barang dan pengunjung yang optimum. Selain mememenuhi kebutuhan akan pasar tradisional di Kecamatan Gubug, Pasar Umum Gubug dirancang untuk menjawab permaslahan sirkulasi yang banyak terjadi di pasarpasar yang memiliki golongan 1A.
Drought effects on water flow, photosynthesis and growth of potted grapevines

In two consecutive years and under different environmental conditions, leaf gas exchange, sap flow and trunk diameter were measured to estimate transpiration of grapevine. Daily maxima of sap flow were lower than estimations obtained by gas exchange measurements. Sap flow was delayed with regard to variation of irradiance. For irrigated plants the correlation between transpiration rates of single leaves as determined by gas exchange and instantaneous sap flow was high (r 2 =0.84). However, the correlation of sap flow with the total daily water consumption was even higher (r 2 =0.98) and close to 1:1. At various water states, leaf photosynthetic rate was also correlated with sap flow (r 2 =0.78); the correlation coefficient increased to r 2 =0.91 when the daily balance was compared. Plant growth, estimated from linear variable displacement transducers was closely related to the daily sap flow.
A Hydrogen Peroxide Activatable Gemcitabine Prodrug for the Selective Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

The main concern in the use of anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs is host toxicity. Patients need to interrupt or change chemotherapy due to adverse effects. In this study, we aimed to decrease adverse events with gemcitabine (GEM) in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and focused on the difference of hydrogen peroxide levels in normal versus cancer cells. We designed and synthesized a novel boronate‐ester‐caged prodrug that is activated by the high H2O2 concentrations found in cancer cells to release GEM. An H2O2‐activatable GEM (A‐GEM) has higher selectivity for H2O2 over other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxic effects corresponding to the H2O2 concentration in vitro. A xenograft model of immunodeficient mice indicated that the effect of A‐GEM was not inferior to that of GEM when administered in vivo. In particular, myelosuppression was significantly decreased following A‐GEM treatment compared with that following GEM treatment.
Regulation of nuclear architecture, mechanics, and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of epigenetic factors by cell geometric constraints

Significance Growing evidence suggests that cytoskeleton-mediated transmission of mechanical forces from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the nucleus alters nuclear mechanics and architecture and these alterations can, in turn, impact the ability of the cell to respond to its mechanical microenvironment by regulating important nuclear functions including gene expression in both normal and diseased cells. Using a chemomechanical model together with micropatterning experiments, we elucidate how the physical properties of the microenvironment impact the properties of the nucleus by regulating the mechanisms through which mechanical forces are directly and indirectly transmitted from the ECM to the nucleus. This information can be used to understand how chromosome configurations are altered in response to changes in nuclear mechanical properties following cues from the microenvironment. Cells sense mechanical signals from their microenvironment and transduce them to the nucleus to regulate gene expression programs. To elucidate the physical mechanisms involved in this regulation, we developed an active 3D chemomechanical model to describe the three-way feedback between the adhesions, the cytoskeleton, and the nucleus. The model shows local tensile stresses generated at the interface of the cell and the extracellular matrix regulate the properties of the nucleus, including nuclear morphology, levels of lamin A,C, and histone deacetylation, as these tensile stresses 1) are transmitted to the nucleus through cytoskeletal physical links and 2) trigger an actomyosin-dependent shuttling of epigenetic factors. We then show how cell geometric constraints affect the local tensile stresses and subsequently the three-way feedback and induce cytoskeleton-mediated alterations in the properties of the nucleus such as nuclear lamina softening, chromatin stiffening, nuclear lamina invaginations, increase in nuclear height, and shrinkage of nuclear volume. We predict a phase diagram that describes how the disruption of cytoskeletal components impacts the feedback and subsequently induce contractility-dependent alterations in the properties of the nucleus. Our simulations show that these changes in contractility levels can be also used as predictors of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of transcription factors and the level of chromatin condensation. The predictions are experimentally validated by studying the properties of nuclei of fibroblasts on micropatterned substrates with different shapes and areas.
Spaces of Riemannian metr ics

Riemannian metrics endow smooth manifolds such as surfaces with intrinsic geometric properties, for example with curvature. They also allow us to measure quantities like distances, angles and volumes. These are the notions we use to characterize the “shape” of a manifold. The space of Riemannian metrics is a mathematical object that encodes the many possible ways in which we can geometrically deform the shape of a manifold.
CLUSTER FORMATION TRIGGERED BY FILAMENT COLLISIONS IN SERPENS SOUTH

The Serpens South infrared dark cloud consists of several filamentary ridges, some of which fragment into dense clumps. On the basis of CCS (JN = 43–32), HC3N (J = 5–4), N2H+ (J = 1–0), and SiO (J = 2–1, v = 0) observations, we investigated the kinematics and chemical evolution of these filamentary ridges. We find that CCS is extremely abundant along the main filament in the protocluster clump. We emphasize that Serpens South is the first cluster-forming region where extremely strong CCS emission is detected. The CCS-to-N2H+ abundance ratio is estimated to be about 0.5 toward the protocluster clump, whereas it is about 3 in the other parts of the main filament. We identify six dense ridges with different VLSR. These ridges appear to converge toward the protocluster clump, suggesting that the collisions of these ridges may have triggered cluster formation. The collisions presumably happened within a few × 105 yr because CCS is abundant only for a short time. The short lifetime agrees with the fact that the number fraction of Class I objects, whose typical lifetime is 0.4 × 105 yr, is extremely high, about 70% in the protocluster clump. In the northern part, two ridges appear to have partially collided, forming a V-shape clump. In addition, we detected strong bipolar SiO emission that is due to the molecular outflow blowing out of the protostellar clump, as well as extended weak SiO emission that may originate from the filament collisions.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Virulence, Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens of humans and animals. Livestock production contributes a significant proportion to the South African Gross Domestic Product. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in livestock-associated S. aureus isolated from South African livestock production systems. Microbial phenotypic methods were used to detect the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, molecular DNA based methods were used to genetically determine virulence as well as antibiotic and heavy metal resistance determinants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed 217 out of 403 (53.8%) isolates to be S. aureus. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was conducted to evaluate antibiotic resistance and 90.8% of S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to at least three antibiotics, and therefore, classified as multidrug resistant. Of the antibiotics tested, 98% of the isolates demonstrated resistance towards penicillin G. High resistance was shown against different heavy metals, with 90% (196/217), 88% (192/217), 86% (188/217) and 84% (183/217) of the isolates resistant to 1500 µg/mL concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) respectively. A total of 10 antimicrobial resistance and virulence genetic determinants were screened for all livestock associated S. aureus isolates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified, by the presence of mecC, in 27% of the isolates with a significant relationship (p < 0.001)) with the host animal. This is the first report of mecC positive LA-MRSA in South Africa and the African continent. The gene for tetracycline resistance (tetK) was the most frequently detected of the screened genes with an overall prevalence of 35% and the highest prevalence percentage was observed for goats (56.76%) followed by avian species (chicken, duck and wild birds) (42.5%). Virulence-associated genes were observed across all animal host species. The study reports the presence of luks/pv, a gene encoding the PVL toxin previously described to be a marker for community acquired-MRSA, suggesting the crossing of species between human and livestock. The high prevalence of S. aureus from the livestock indicates a major food security and healthcare threat. This threat is further compounded by the virulence of the pathogen, which causes numerous clinical manifestations. The phenomenon of co-selection is observed in this study as isolates exhibited resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals. Further, all the screened antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes did not correspond with the phenotypic resistance.