Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Above‐ and below‐ground competition cues elicit independent responses

1 Plants sharing pots have been observed to show more allocation to roots than do solitary plants, even when resources per plant are constant, indicating plasticity to root neighbours. Lowered red to far‐red ratio (R : FR), a cue of above‐ground competition, is known to cause increased stem elongation and decreased allocation to roots. In nature, however, cues for above‐ and below‐ground competition are likely to be experienced simultaneously, and may elicit contradictory responses. 2 We investigated whether the presence of the above‐ground competition cue (low R : FR) affected the responses to the below‐ground competition cue (presence of neighbouring roots) in soybean and whether these responses depended on the presence or absence of symbiotic bacteria or on the availability of nutrients. 3 In a fully factorial study in a growth room, light quality, root neighbours, nutrient availability and Bradyrhizobium inoculation were manipulated. Stem elongation and biomass allocation were measured. 4 As predicted, plants allocated more to roots in the presence of root neighbours, regardless of R : FR, Bradyrhizobium and nutrient treatment. Plants elongated under low R : FR, although the degree of elongation was affected by Bradyrhizobium and nutrients. R : FR did not affect allocation to roots. Surprisingly, we found no reduction in reproductive allocation and therefore no ‘tragedy of the commons’ cost; instead, growth was increased in the presence of root neighbours. 5 We conclude that soybean responds to both competition cues independently, but that below‐ground resources such as Bradyrhizobium and nutrient availability moderate the morphological responses to above‐ and below‐ground competition. 6 To our knowledge, this is the first study that tests responses to above‐ and below‐ground competition cues simultaneously and that shows the independence of these responses. This study provides supporting evidence that plants can sense neighbouring roots as a cue of impending competition and demonstrates clearly that the root allocation response is not dependent on the presence of Bradyrhizobium or an artefact of inadvertent R : FR manipulation.
Ameliorative measures to counter heat stress in poultry

Heat stress is one of the main challenges in poultry production as it reduces performance in broilers and layers. This review focuses on the impact of heat stress in poultry production with emphasis on broilers and layers, methodologies to measure the severity of stress and dealing the preventive measures to alleviate stress due to heat. Potential use of naked neck and frizzle genes is highlighted. Nutritional interventions including offering a balanced diet, increasing energy, required amino acids, vitamins like vitamins A, E, Se and minerals like Ca, Na, Cl and K additional supplementation of vitamin C, provision of cool water at levels of up to five times of feed intake to satisfy the special needs during heat stress all have proven advantages. Designing housing with gable type roofing and open sided, wet curtains/exhaust fans, tunnel ventilation in environment control houses, provision of more floor space and free movement, to exhibit natural movement and decreasing flock density is useful to minimise stress as well as to regulate the temperature in micro environment. Thermos tolerance in birds can be enhanced by early feed restriction, good management with better ventilation and developing of heat tolerant breeds by selecting for less feathers. Selection of breeds suitable to climate, nutritional manipulation and small management changes can minimise heat stress in birds.
Genetic Mapping of the QTL Affecting Abdominal Fat Deposition in Chickens

To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting abdominal fat deposition in chickens, we carried out QTL analysis on this trait using a resource population of 222 F2 progeny from a cross between a Satsumadori (a Japanese native breed showing little abdominal fat deposition) male and a White Plymouth Rock (a broiler breed showing significant abdominal fat deposition) female. We chose 78 microsatellite loci from 331 loci publicly available of 14 linkage groups, based on their utility and location. One QTL affecting the ratio of abdominal fat deposition to live body weight (abdominal fat %) at 16 weeks of age was mapped at 38.0cM on chromosome 7, with a LOD score of 7.0. The closest loci to the QTL was MCW316. The QTL was located between markers MCW316 and MCW92, being 1.0cM apart from MCW316. The difference in abdominal fat % in F2 was associated with allele types of MCW316 (P<0.0005), which suggests the possibility of marker-assisted selection for abdominal fat deposition in chickens.
Growth of Milk Replacer Kids Fed Under Three Different Managements

Abstract Argüello, A. , Castro, N. and Capote, J. 2004. Growth of milk replacer kids fed under three different managements. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 37–40. To study the effect of 3 management systems: natural suckling (NS), ad libitum artificial feeding (ALAR) and restricted artificial feeding (RAR), 120 Canary Caprine Group's kids were assigned at random to the three different groups. The highest weight gain was observed in animals on NS. Birth weight showed a significant effect on animal growth in all the treatments. The feed ratio (FR) evolution was similar for both male and female animals. FR values at the beginning of the experiment were higher than those at the end. stage.
Lemmings

Why don't we just all cJap our hands sing dance jump off the cJiff of knowledge and feeling the pinnacle of "experience" leave those who can't join in forget them ignore that shriveled little introvert bawling in the corner he means nothing to us or to you as far back as we can remember we've been here they've been there we've been here they've been there we've been here they've been there you follow me Ifollow you copy you copy me ignore them sing clap join in fade out jump off assume regret scream cry wonder ponder cling follow me copy you are you happy?
Comparative Studies on Thin-Layer Chromatograms of Lipids from Various Phytopathogenic Bacteria

The direct colony TLC method was applied for the comparison of chromatographic profiles of lipids from phytopathogenic bacteria. One loopful bacterial colony was pasted directly on the silica gel TLC plate and dried completely. The first development with chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) for short time was conducted for 10 min. After air-drying, the pasted bacterial cells were scraped out and this plate was developed at same direction with chloroform-methanol-water (60:25:4, v/v/v), secondly. The spots were visualized by spraying with ninhydrin and successive heating. The chromatograms of the bacterial isolates were different at generic level and at species level in the cases of erwinia and pseudomonad. The spots appeared at the area from Rf 0.5-0.65 were reliable benchmarks for the differentiation of bacteria. Striking difference was observed between gram positive and negative bacteria. The major spots on the chromatograms of gram negative bacteria were absent on those of gram positive bacteria, Clavibacter spp. Well reproducibility of chromatogram was observed when the culture age and conditions of TLC were kept steadfastly.
Phytic Acid Levels in Seeds of Glycine max and G. soja as Influenced by Phosphorus Status

Improvement in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] nutritional quality may be achieved via a reduction in seed phytic acid P. To advance our knowledge of factors that determine seed phytic acid P levels, the relations between external P availability, leaf or shoot P, and seed P fractions (phytic acid and non-phytic acid P) were studied in soybean and G. soja (Sieb. & Zucc.) germplasm. Mean phytic acid P varied Pmm 4.3 to 6.2 g P kg -1 in mature seeds of 12 soybean cultivars grown under three field environments. Cultivars ranked similarly in each environment and 98% of the variation in phytic acid P was attributable to a positive, linear effect of available soil P
Effect of parental genotypes, cross direction and temperature on the crossability of bread wheat with triticale and on the viability of F1 embryos

Summary The relevant importance of parental crossability genes, cross direction and ambient temperature in bread wheat/triticale hybridisation were evaluated. Crossability genes were found to be useful but not essential. The use of triticale as the female gave significantly fewer embryos, but these embryos were symmetrically shaped and normal. The use of bread wheat as the female gave a seed set generally above 30% and sometimes as high as 86%, but embryo necrosis resulted in rapid death in vivo or non-regeneration in vitro. By keeping the plants at 14 °C during pollination and in vivo embryo growth, necrosis was partly eliminated, so that in one case the rate of plant production in crossing bread wheat/triticale became about as good as for the triticale/bread wheat cross direction. Crossing at 14°C could be useful when a bread wheat cytoplasm is desired by the breeder.
Supportive Listening

Listening is a multidimensional construct that consists of complex (a) cognitive processes, such as attending to, understanding, receiving, and interpreting messages; (b) affective processes, such as being motivated and stimulated to attend to another person's messages; and (c) behavioral processes, such as responding with verbal and nonverbal feedback (e.g., backchanneling, paraphrasing). In addition, active listening consists of verbal strategies (e.g., asking clarifying questions), whereas passive listening is nonverbal in nature (e.g., providing backchanneling cues). The purpose of this article is to show that supportive listening is a central dyadic mechanism of providing, perceiving, and receiving beneficial emotional support. Supportive listening differs from other types of listening (e.g., listening during chit-chat or a conflict, informational listening) because it requires that the support listener demonstrate emotional involvement and attunement while attending to, interpreting, and responding to the emotions of the support seeker—a complex and challenging task.
Gβγ Transduces [Ca2+]i Oscillations and Gαq a Sustained Response during Stimulation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells with [Ca2+]i-mobilizing Agonists*

A central unresolved question in agonist-evoked [Ca2+]i signaling is the pathway by which [Ca2+]i oscillations and a sustained response are transduced. We show here that activation of Gβγ signal [Ca2+]i oscillations and activation of Gαq signal a sustained response during stimulation by a number of Ca2+-mobilizing agonists. Thus, infusion of purified Gβγ into pancreatic acinar cells through a patch pipette evokes [Ca2+]i oscillations by Ca2+ release from internal stores, which were inhibited by two independent scavengers of Gβγ, the β-adrenergic receptor kinase fragment, and a mutated Gαi1G203A. These proteins, as well as an inhibitory antibody against Gαq/11, prevent [Ca2+]i oscillations and the sustained response when applied before cell stimulation, possibly by preventing the dissociation of Gq into its subunits. After cell stimulation and dissociation of Gq into Gβγ and Gαq, scavenging Gβγ stabilized the sustained response and inhibited reassociation of the subunits on termination of cell stimulation with antagonist, whereas scavenging Gαq inhibited the sustained response and uncovered the Gβγ-dependent oscillations. These findings provide a general mechanism by which Ca2+-mobilizing agonists can control the type of [Ca2+]i signal to be transduced to the cell interior.
GenRel—a computer model for prediction of mining equipment failures based on genetic algorithms (GAs)

This paper discusses ongoing research to formulate, develop and test a reliability assessment model (GenRel) based on genetic algorithms (GAs). GAs are powerful and broadly applicable stochastic search techniques based on the principles of natural selection, heredity and genetics. The reason for selecting GAs is the fact that the reliability of mining equipment changes over time due to its dependence upon several covariates/factors (e.g. equipment age, operating environment, number and quality of repairs). These factors combine to create a complex impact on a piece of equipment's reliability function. This impact encapsulates and inherits to some degree the individual characteristics of the factors as they evolve over time. 1 BestFit, Palisade Decision Tools (http://www.palisade.com/html/bestfit.asp) Theoretical probability distributions are commonly used to fit equipment failure data. GenRel uses the exponential probability distribution as its engine to generate predictive patterns based upon historical failure data. Overall, this paper suggests a methodology for applying GAs for reliability assessment of mining equipment. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of using GAs in reliability studies. The research discussed in this paper was carried out by the Laurentian University Mining Automation Laboratory (LUMAL).
ECOLOGY OF TETRANYCHID MITES AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES: A REVIEW III. BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND PEST STATUS, AND HOST PLANT RELATIONS OF TETRANYCHIDS

The literature pertaining to the bionomics of some of the most important tetranychids is reviewed. Considerable attention is paid to the possibilities of spider mites reaching pest levels as a result of environmental factors. It is concluded that more information is needed on economic injury levels of various species on different crops and under various climatic conditions. The influences of cultural practices and their interactions as related to population development of tetranychids also need more study. Furthermore, work is needed on the influence of climatic conditions on development of tetranychid mite populations together with possible predictability of outbreak situations. Finally, we need to know more about the fundamental relations between the host-plant quality and spider mite development, and the impact of spider mites on the development of their host plants.
Primeiro registro de epidemias causadas pelo vírus Oropouche nos Estados do Maranhão e Goiás, Brasil

The authors describe the occurrence of outbreaks caused by Oropouche virus (ORO) in the states of Maranhao and Goias, Brazil in 1988. 36 strains of the virus were obtained from the intracerebral inoculation of the blood of 120 patients into 2-3 day-old infant mice. The illness was characterized by headache, fever, pain in the muscles, joints and back, photophobia, retrobulbar pain, nausea and dizziness. 128 of 197 people examined in Porto Franco, MA, had hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to the agent, while 106 of them had IgM antibodies by MAC ELISA test. All age groups were infected, although the incidence was higher among who had 10 to 19 years old. There was no difference, in relation to sex infections. Recurrence of symptoms was reported in 56% of sick people. Mice inoculated with 3624 Culicoides paraensis (Ceratopogonidae) and 1970 Culex (Cux.) quinquefasciatus (Culicidae) collected in Porto Franco resulted in one single isolation of ORO virus, from the Culicoides. These are the first confirmed cases of ORO infection in Maranhao and Goias states.
BOOK REVIEW

As L3 and multilingualism research continues, the interest in it grows and the courses on L3 acquisition and multilingualism are being taught in higher educational establishments, there is a growing need in publications which would concisely and comprehensively deliver the basic notions of the field and stimulate research. Introductory readings in L3 edited by Britta Hufeisen and Robert Fouser fills this gap perfectly. This volume consists of 10 articles on theoretical and empirical issues of multilingual acquisition by young and adult learners. The articles, some of which are re-published, and others, composed specifically for this volume, are written by expert researchers, many of whom are internationally renowned in their field. Each contribution deals with one key aspect of third and multiple language acquisition including phonetic, lexical and pragmatic angles. Jasone Cenoz opens the volume with her contribution entitled ‘‘Learning a third language: cross-linguistic influence and its relationship to typology and age’’. The succinct introduction to the basic notions of multilingualism and multilingual acquisition is most informative both for novices and for those already knowledgeable in the field. It is worth noting that in the first place the author distinguishes multilingual acquisition from the second language acquisition (SLA), defining it as ‘‘acquisition of other languages other than the first or second’’ (p. 1). As opposed to understanding multilingual acquisition and multilingualism as ‘‘any language other than first’’ Cenoz defines the difference of L3 and multilingual acquisition from acquiring one’s first and second language, making it clear that multilingual acquisition is more complex than SLA and refers to a multitude of unique and complex factors involved in the interaction of more than two languages. Cenoz underlines diversity and complexity of multilingual acquisition and refers to the aspects of age and typological distance between the languages that an individual knows and acquires. The paper further reports on the results of a research project on cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of English by bilingual speakers of Basque and Spanish in a Basque school where the participants were native speakers of Basque and Spanish. In ‘‘Re-setting the basis of articulation in the acquisition of new languages: A third-language case study’’ Björn and Britta Hammarberg present their pilot findings from a case study of an adult L3 (Swedish) learner, with native proficiency in English and native-like mastery of German. The case of Sarah Williams’ third language acquisition has now become a classic and resulted in what is now widely known as ‘‘Role-Function Model’’ (Hammarberg, 2001; Hufeisen & Marx, 2007; Williams & Hammarberg, 1998, this model is described concisely in Chapter 4 of this book by Hufeisen). The value of this particular report on the well-known study is that International Journal of Multilingualism Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2009, 131 135
Polemics about Computational Thinking: Digital Competence in Digital Zeitgeist - Continued Search for Answers

Human society is immersed in digital zeitgeist and information, and communications technology competences became fundamental for each citizen around the world in order to participate in the great benefits that this technological development promotes. In this zeitgeist, several questions appear related to the educational context because the way to deal with information, knowledge, and communications has changed drastically. For that reason, several proposals emerged to develop additional competences in youths. Among these possibilities, computational thinking – CT arose as an approach to encourage ICT competence. However, the initial proposal appeared in a simple viewpoint article; that was just an opinion without any reference. Surprisingly, such an article reverberated around the world, and several proposals appeared trying to define “what is computational thinking? ”. Parallel to this, some critics showed controversial aspects of CT, especially based on computer science (CS) educational, historical trajectory. But, many solid approaches of CT based on robust researches became popular, and several educational practices were successful. Thus, we analyze some criticism and show other points of view, aiming to clarify some questions and to give some answers. We believe that CT approaches are valuable inside of myriads of possibilities to promote ICT competences. Polemics and controversies used to make advances in each field, but fruitful initiatives must be acknowledged. K-12 educational system could not wait until there is a proper and unique consensus between researchers to start to teach ICT competences to our youths.
Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Localization With Commercial MMWave WiFi: A Deep Learning Approach

Existing fingerprint-based indoor localization uses either fine-grained channel state information (CSI) from the physical layer or coarse-grained received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements. In this paper, we propose to use a mid-grained intermediate-level channel measurement — spatial beam signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) that are inherently available and defined in the IEEE 802.11ad/ay standards — to construct the fingerprinting database. These intermediate channel measurements are further utilized by a deep learning approach for multiple purposes: 1) location-only classification; 2) simultaneous location-and-orientation classification; and 3) direct coordinate estimation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the framework is thoroughly validated by an in-house experimental platform consisting of 3 access points using commercial-off-the-shelf millimeter-wave WiFi routers. The results show a 100% accuracy if the location is only interested, about 99% for simultaneous location-and-orientations classification, and an averaged root mean-square error (RMSE) of 11.1 cm and an average median error of 9.5 cm for direct coordinate estimate, greater than 2-fold improvements over the RMSE of 28.7 cm and median error of 23.6 cm for RSSI-like single SNR-based localization.
Diversity of Prominent Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) in the Cloud Forests of Northeastern Ecuador, with Descriptions of 27 New Species

ABSTRACT The prominent moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station (Napo Province) in northeastern Ecuador was surveyed to assess which species at the site had been previously described and which were new to science. Taxonomic studies based on comparisons with type material revealed that, of the 67 Notodontidae recorded at Yanayacu, 54% were undescribed before 2009. In this article, 27 species belonging to 12 different genera in four subfamilies are newly described. These findings emphasize the remarkable levels of undocumented insect diversity found in Andean cloud forests, adding further strength to the argument that conservation efforts should focus on preserving such habitats.
Mistakes and Energy Efficiency Investment∗

Programs subsidizing residential energy efficiency investments often suffer from poor additionality. In this paper, we demonstrate that an additional inefficiency can arise due to the fact that there is uncertainty surrounding the benefits achieved by performing the upgrades. Introducing a dynamic model of a household’s decision to invest in energy efficiency upgrades, we highlight that, when faced with uncertainty, a subset of households will make irreversible investment “mistakes” – they will invest in energy efficiency upgrades that would prove to be inefficient under full information. Using our theoretical model, we demonstrate that, in the presence of a program subsidizing energy efficiency, not only will a large share of participating households be inframarginal (i.e. “non-additional”), many of the “additional” participants will not be economically efficient participants. JEL Codes: Q, D