Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of catalase by reactive oxygen species via PI 3 kinase/Akt signaling in mesangial cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to many glomerular diseases by targeting mesangial cells. ROS have been shown to regulate expression of many antioxidant enzymes including catalase. The mechanism by which the expression of catalase protein is regulated by ROS is not precisely known. Here we report that increased intracellular ROS level by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduced the expression of catalase. H2O2 increased phosphorylation of Akt kinase in a dose‐dependent and sustained manner with a concomitant increase in the phosphorylation of FoxO1 transcription factor. Further analysis revealed that H2O2 promoted rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3 kinase. The PI 3 kinase inhibitor Ly294002 and expression of tumor suppressor protein PTEN inhibited Akt kinase activity, resulting in the attenuation of FoxO1 phosphorylation and preventing the downregulating effect of H2O2 on catalase protein level. Dominant negative Akt attenuated the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on expression of catalase. Constitutively active FoxO1 increased the expression of catalase. However, dominant negative FoxO1 inhibited catalase protein level. Catalase transcription was reduced by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, expression of dominant negative Akt and constitutively active FoxO1 increased catalase transcription, respectively. These results demonstrate that ROS downregulate the expression of catalase in mesangial cells by PI 3 kinase/Akt signaling via FoxO1 as a target. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 457–467, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Users' Trust in Trusted Digital Repository Content

Scholars who study trust in digital archives have largely focused their attention on the power of certification by third-party audit as a way to communicate trustworthiness to end-users. In doing so, they assume that the establishment of a network of trusted digital archives will create a climate of trust. But certification at the repository level also assumes the trustworthiness of digital objects within a repository; specifically that digital repository objects are authentic and reliable. This paper proposes the use of documentlevel seals of approval as a means of communicating to end-users about the trustworthiness of digital objects that is commensurate with specific user interaction. Implications of this proposed research stress the importance of assessing the ‘real-world’ impact of trust signals on users.
An Efficient Particle Swarm Optimizer with Application to Man-Day Project Scheduling Problems

The multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP) has been identified to be an NP-hard problem. MRCPSP includes solving two sub-problems: mode assignment and activity priority determination. Hence, two particle swarm optimizations (PSOs) are applied to each sub-problem. A constriction PSO is proposed for the activity priority determination and a discrete PSO is for the mode assignment. Least total resource usage (LTRU) and minimum slack (MSLK) heuristics ensure better initial solutions. Hence, to generate a collection of diverse initial solutions and thereby enhance the PSO efficiency, a best heuristic rate (HR) is suggested. To verify the performance, all instances of the MRCPSP benchmarks in PSPLIB were evaluated. The experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm has high performance and is efficient for solving the MRCPSP problems. Therefore, a real-world man-day project scheduling problem (MDPSP) was evaluated and the results demonstrate that MDPSP can be solved successfully.
Chest tightness and mediastinal widening

A 75-year-old woman with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma was admitted to our hospital to receive chemotherapy and a transfusion because of anemia. One unit of packed red blood cells was transfused via a pressure infusor into a Port-a-Cath, which had been implanted in the left side of her chest wall 2
Epitope located N‐glycans impair the MHC‐I epitope generation and presentation

The degradation process of the antigens specific to MHC‐I presentation depends mainly on the proteasomal proteases in the cytosol. However, since many antigens are glycoproteins, including tumor antigens or viruses envelope proteins, their glycosylation status could also affect their processing and presentation. Here, we investigate the processing of tyrosinase, a multiple glycosylated tumor antigen overexpressed in human malignant melanoma. By LC‐MS/MS analysis of human tyrosinase expressed in a melanoma cell, we show that all seven sites of tyrosinase are at least partially N‐glycosylated. Using human CD8+ T‐cell clones specific for the tyrosinase epitope YMDGTMSQV (369–377), including an N‐glycosylation site, we found that transfectants of single and triple N‐glycosylation mutants are recognized by specific T cells. Importantly, single, triple, and the aglycosylated tyrosinase mutants lacking the epitope located N‐glycosylation site (N371D) were able to trigger higher CD8+ T‐cell activation. The LC/MS analysis showed significant increase of the amount of YMDGTMSQV peptide resulted from accelerated oligomerization and degradation of aglycosylated mutants. The generation of the antigenic peptide by the antigen processing machinery is therefore largely independent of tyrosinase N‐glycosylation. However, while distal N‐glycans had no effect on the epitope generation, the mutants lacking the N371 glycan generated the antigenic peptide more efficiently. We conclude that epitope located N‐glycans limit the ability of human tyrosinase to provide HLA‐A2‐restricted antigen for recognition by specific CD8+ T cells.
Clinico-epidemiological study of acute ischemic stroke in a tertiary hospital of northeastern state of India

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke, a subtype of acute stroke is one of the leading causes of death and major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The incidence of acute ischemic stroke is increasing with gradual increase in obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and some other cardiac problem. Objective: The study has been conducted with a primary objective to study the epidemiology and clinical presentation of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 100 acute ischemic stroke patients(clinically and radiologically confirmed) irrespective of age and sex admitted to Medicine and Emergency Department of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences(RIMS), Imphal after getting clearance from Institutional Ethical Committee(IEC). The acute ischemic stroke patients were also undergone plane CT (computed tomography) scan brain by the CT scan model Philips Brilliance 64 slice CT for radiological confirmation and to localize the lesion in brain. Data, collected in prescribed protocol, were analyzed in simple statistical percentage. Result: Acute ischemic stroke was found most commonly in 50-75 age group with male predominance. Majority of the acute stroke patients were smoker, non-vegetarian and hypertensive. The commonest clinical feature at presentation was hemiplegia. Rightsided hemiplegia was the predominant finding in acute stroke patients. Left hemisphere brain infarction was more common than right hemisphere lesion in brain. Conclusion: In this study, the epidemiology, clinical presentation and various risk factors of acute ischemic stroke have been focused, by targeting which the burden of this disabling disease can be prevented.
Differential diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection by detection of haemagglutinin with an enzyme‐linked immunoassay

Abstract A sensitive and convenient immunoassay that can directly differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) virus from seasonal influenza virus can play an important role in the clinic. In the presented study, a double-sandwich ELISA (pH1N1 ELISA), based on two monoclonal antibodies against haemagglutinin (HA) of the pH1N1 virus, was developed. After laboratory determination of the sensitivity and specificity characteristics, the performance of this assay was evaluated in a cohort of 904 patients with influenza-like illness. All seven strains of pH1N1 virus tested were positive by pH1N1 ELISA, with an average lower detection limit of 103.0 ± 0.4 tissue culture infective dose (TCID)50/mL (or 0.009 ± 0.005 HA titre). Cross-reaction of the assay with seasonal influenza virus and other common respiratory pathogens was rare. In pH1N1-infected patients, the sensitivity of the pH1N1 ELISA was 92.3% (84/91, 95% CI 84.8–96.9%), which is significantly higher than that of the BD Directigen EZ Flu A + B test (70.3%, p <0.01). The specificity of pH1N1 ELISA in seasonal influenza A patients was 100.0% (171/171, 95% CI 97.9–100.0%), similar to that in non-influenza A patients (640/642, 99.7%, 95% CI 98.9–100.0%). The positive predictive value for pH1N1 ELISA was 97.7% and the negative predictive value was 99.1% in this study population with a pH1N1 prevalence of 10.1%. In conclusion, detection of HA of pH1N1 virus by immunoassay appears to be a convenient and reliable method for the differential diagnosis of pH1N1 from other respiratory pathogens, including seasonal influenza virus.
Using High Time Resolution Aerosol and Number Size Distribution Measurements to Estimate Atmospheric Extinction

Abstract Rocky Mountain National Park is experiencing reduced visibility and changes in ecosystem function due to increasing levels of oxidized and reduced nitrogen. The Rocky Mountain Atmospheric Nitrogen and Sulfur (Ro-MANS) study was initiated to better understand the origins of sulfur and nitrogen species as well as the complex chemistry occurring during transport from source to receptor. As part of the study, a monitoring program was initiated for two 1-month time periods—one during the spring and the other during late summer/fall. The monitoring program included intensive high time resolution concentration measurements of aerosol number size distribution, inorganic anions, and cations, and 24-hr time resolution of PM2.5 and PM10 mass, sulfate, nitrate, car bon, and soil-related elements concentrations. These data are combined to estimate high time resolution concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol mass and fine mass species estimates of ammoniated sulfate, nitrate, and organic and elemental carbon. Hour-by-hour extinction budgets are calculated by using these species concentration estimates and measurements of size distribution and assuming internal and external particle mixtures. Summer extinction was on average about 3 times higher than spring extinction. During spring months, sulfates, nitrates, carbon mass, and PM10 – PM2.5 mass contributed approximately equal amounts of extinction, whereas during the summer months, carbonaceous material extinction was 2–3 times higher than other species.
État des lieux de la prise en charge des adolescents fumeurs de cannabis en médecine générale : étude auprès des médecins généralistes de Picardie

Introduction : Le cannabis est le stupefiant le plus largement consomme en France , surtout par les jeunes. 41,5% des jeunes de 17 ans ont experimente le cannabis (chiffres 2011). 60% es jeunes consommateurs ont plus de risque de ne pas terminer leurs etudes secondaires et de ne pas reussir l'examen final, par rapport a ceux qui n'ont jamais fume. La consommation de cannabis est une problematique complexe et de plus en plus courante chez les adolescents. Le medecin generaliste a un role important en matiere de prevention, en particulier face aux adolescents, il est d'ailleurs l'un des professionnels de premiere ligne a pouvoir le faire. Ce travail est ne d'un questionnement personnel : comment un medecin generaliste peut venir en aide aux jeunes consommateurs de cannabis et quels sont les moyens mis a sa disposition pour assurer une prise en charge optimale ? C'est dans ce sens qu'une enquete a ete organise aupres des medecins generalistes de Picardie pour voir comment ils abordent cette problematique. Methode : Une etude descriptive a ete realise aupres de 135 medecins generaliste de Picardie. leurs connaissances et pratiques ont ete evalues par un questionnaire comprenant vingt-sept questions. Resultats : 3% des medecins interroges recherchent systematiquement une consommation. Ils connaissent les risques du cannabis, mais leur prise en charge n'est pas optimale a cause de la meconnaissance des outils et des centres specialises. 83% declarent necessaire d'avoir une formation sur les addictions, mais tres peu en sont demandeurs. Discussion : Ameliorer la formation des medecins generalistes , les encourager a participer et a s'impliquer davantage dans le depistage, semble imperatif. Faire une diffusion plus importante des outils et modalites d'aide au reperage pourrait convaincre les medecins de prendre en charge les adolescents consommateurs. Conclusions : Les medecins generalistes connaissent les risques et les effets de la consommation de cannabis, mais ne sont pas suffisamment formes pour prendre en charge un adolescent consommateur de cannabis.
Gradient Methods for Submodular Maximization

In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing continuous submodular functions that naturally arise in many learning applications such as those involving utility functions in active learning and sensing, matrix approximations and network inference. Despite the apparent lack of convexity in such functions, we prove that stochastic projected gradient methods can provide strong approximation guarantees for maximizing continuous submodular functions with convex constraints. More specifically, we prove that for monotone continuous DR-submodular functions, all fixed points of projected gradient ascent provide a factor $1/2$ approximation to the global maxima. We also study stochastic gradient and mirror methods and show that after $\mathcal{O}(1/\epsilon^2)$ iterations these methods reach solutions which achieve in expectation objective values exceeding $(\frac{\text{OPT}}{2}-\epsilon)$. An immediate application of our results is to maximize submodular functions that are defined stochastically, i.e. the submodular function is defined as an expectation over a family of submodular functions with an unknown distribution. We will show how stochastic gradient methods are naturally well-suited for this setting, leading to a factor $1/2$ approximation when the function is monotone. In particular, it allows us to approximately maximize discrete, monotone submodular optimization problems via projected gradient descent on a continuous relaxation, directly connecting the discrete and continuous domains. Finally, experiments on real data demonstrate that our projected gradient methods consistently achieve the best utility compared to other continuous baselines while remaining competitive in terms of computational effort.
The Tax Censuses and the Decline of the Serf Population in Imperial Russia, 1833-1858

The demographic development of the serf population in imperial Russia, particularly its rate of natural growth during the thirty years preceding the emancipation in 1861, has been the subject of considerable controversy. On the basis of data from the tax censuses (revizii), abolitionists sontended that the serf population was dying out, implying that the death rate consistently exceeded the birth rate. Many Soviet historians and demographers have subsequently advanced this view, seeing a demographic crisis as one dimension of the collapse of the feudal serf system. A Western scholar, Professor Daniel Field, has recently lent his support to this interpretation. But was serfdom so socially oppressive or economically stifling as to affect natural population growth adversely? Other contemporary statisticians and later historians—either less opposed to serfdom or more skeptical about the accuracy of population data—have avoided the issue.
Searching for New Therapeutic Approaches for Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a major health burden in worldwide. As the end point of numerous cardiovascular diseases, HF is the main cause of disability and death, and its five-year mortality is even higher than that of malignant tumor. The etiologies of heart failure are various, foremost among them is cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia. We have been committing to research the mechanisms of the development and progression of HF, and found some potential therapies to inhibit cardiac remodeling and improve heart failure.
Motion artifact reduction in EEG recordings using multi-channel contact impedance measurements

Dry-contact electrodes have paved the way for easy-to-use electroencephalography (EEG) systems with minimal setup time, which are of particular interest in ambulatory as well as real-life environments. However, the presence of motion artifacts forms a major obstacle for such systems. In previous studies, it has been shown that continuous electrode-tissue impedance monitoring can be used to handle motion artifacts. In this paper, we demonstrate that the in-phase and quadrature components of the contact impedance provide complementary information that can be used to improve the prediction of motion artifacts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the prediction of motion artifacts at one electrode can be further improved by also incorporating the impedance measurements at other electrodes. With this, we propose a motion artifact reduction algorithm based on a multi-channel linear prediction (MLP) filter. Although the MLP filter is not able to completely remove motion artifacts, a substantial reduction can indeed be achieved.
Use of Fenofibrate in the Management of Protease Inhibitor‐Associated Lipid Abnormalities

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors are associated with several metabolic abnormalities including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Fenofibrate is a new lipid‐lowering agent for adults with very high triglyceride levels that was administered to two HIV‐positive patients who were taking protease inhibitors and developed hypertriglyceridemia. Starting dosages were 134 and 201 mg/day, and were increased to 268 mg/day in both patients. Triglyceride levels decreased from 1450 to 337 mg/dl (76.8%) and from 1985 to 322 mg/dl (83.8%), respectively, after 10 months of therapy. High‐density lipoprotein levels increased in both patients.
Genetics of Platelet MAO Activity in Discordant Schizophrenic and Normal Twins

Summary Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was compared in four age and sex-matched groups: monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for schizophrenia, normal MZ twins, normal dizygotic (DZ) twins and unrelated individuals. Among the twin groups, schizophrenic and normal, there was a remarkably consistent degree of genetic control amounting to 70–80 per cent of the variation in activity. The mean platelet MAO activity of the schizophrenic twins was significantly lower than that of controls, but not than that of their psychiatrically well, neuroleptic-free cotwins; indeed the correlation for the MZ twins discordant for schizophrenia was almost exactly the same as that for the normal MZs. Thus, lower platelet MAO activity in schizophrenia, where it is found, is genetically modulated and not the result of the illness or its treatment.
Settlement and Sea-Levels on the Central Coast of British Columbia: Evidence from Shell Midden Cores

Abstract Coring of shell-midden sites provides a regional chronology of site settlement in the Namu vicinity on the central coast of British Columbia. Coring proved an accurate and cost-effective alternative to traditional test-excavation, and its application in only two short field seasons doubled the number of sites tested in this region. The dating of basal cultural deposits from the cores shows initial occupation of sites ranging from 10,000 to 800 B.P. These dates exhibit a strong linear relationship with the current elevation of deposits above average high tide, suggesting that the settlement history of known shell-midden sites in this region is strongly linked to gradual long-term decline in relative sea levels.
Explorer Examining the influence of gender , education , social class and birth cohort on MMSE tracking over time : a population-based prospective cohort study

Background: Whilst many studies have analysed predictors of longitudinal cognitive decline, few have described their impact on population distributions of cognition by age cohort. The aim of this paper was to examine whether gender, education, social class and birth cohort affect how mean population cognition changes with age. Methods: The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS) is a multi-centre population based longitudinal study of 13,004 individuals in England and Wales. Using ten years of follow-up data, mean Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were modelled by age and birth cohort adjusting for nonrandom drop-out. The model included terms to estimate cohort effects. Results are presented for five year age bands between 65–95 years. Results: At a population level, women show greater change in MMSE scores with age than men. Populations with lower education level and manual work also show similar effects. More recent birth cohorts have slightly higher scores. Conclusion: Longitudinal data can allow examination of population patterns by gender, educational level, social class and cohort. Each of these major socio-demographic factors shows some effect on whole population change in MMSE with age.
Exocytotic and Nonexocytotic Modes of Glutamate Release from Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells During Chemical Ischaemia

Abstract: The mechanism of glutamate release from cultured cerebellar granule neurones in response to a chemical model of ischaemia (10 mM 2‐deoxyglucose plus 1 mM sodium cyanide) was investigated. In the first 2 min of ischaemia, release of preloaded d‐[3H]aspartate could be extensively attenuated by tetanus toxin and bafilomycin A1 and was dependent on the activation of Ca2+ channels sensitive to the “Q” type Ca2+ channel antagonist, ω‐conotoxin‐MVIIC. During this period, ATP/ADP ratios fell rapidly. The extent of release in the first 2 min was comparable to that evoked by 2‐min depolarization by 50 mM KCl. Free Ca2+ concentrations, determined in neurites and somata, did not increase until after 2 min. The neurite increase in cellular Ca2+ precedes that of the cell somata. Release of d‐[3H]aspartate was partially inhibited by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801, which also delayed the increase in free Ca2+ concentration. Prolonging the period of ischaemia to 6 and 10 min produced no further increase in the apparently exocytotic component of release, but initiated an extensive nonexocytotic release of the amino acid. Studies with the synaptic vesicle membrane probe FM1‐43 in which released amino acid was removed by superfusion indicated that Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis was delayed in this system. It is concluded that chemical ischaemia initiates an initial exocytotic followed by nonexocytotic release and that the former is facilitated by NMDA receptor activation. These events occur in cells that are still able to exclude propidium iodide, indicating that cell death has not yet occurred.