Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a declarative state‐transition system

A declarative programming style is claimed to have significant advantages from a software engineering point of view. However, these benefits cannot generally be realized when writing programs that are concerned with changing state, such as environments and programming tools. Declarative state‐transition (DST) systems have been proposed as a solution to this problem. In DST systems, computation and update are separated. Programs are interpreted as defining functions or relations over states, and update follows successful computation of new states. Support for persistent state and atomic, serializable transactions facilitates the implementation of programming environments and tools. This paper describes an implementation scheme for DST systems. The scheme is illustrated by a presentation of the implementation of PPS, a DST system for parallel logic programming.
An improvement on a teleoperation system of robot arm with visual servo mechanism by target selection

This research is concerned with an improvement on a teleoperation system of robot arm with visual servo mechanism by target selection. The teleoperation system considered in this research is mainly divided into operational side and working side. In the operational side, the command to realize the rough motion of the working robot arm in the working side is generated manually by using not only a robot arm but also a joystick. Web cameras are introduced for the human operator to grasp the circumstance around the working robot arm. The generated command in the operational side is transmitted into the working side through the Internet. The visual servo mechanism is also considered to realize the accurate motion of the working robot arm by a USB camera. In the vision system, the position of a target object is specified to generate the command for the accurate motion by template matching technique with an image obtained from the mouse dragging during operation. Experimental results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of the teleoperation system.
On inequality in net nutritional status

Abstract Anthropometry provides one of the best tools to assess nutritional and health status. Nutrition and health influence bodily growth positively and hence, body stature can shed light not only on the average endowment of nutritional and health inputs but also on an unequal consumption thereof. The relationship between social status and human stature is evident in all populations. The well-off are taller than the poor. Comparing mean heights of social groups is indeed a popular approach for measuring inequality in net nutritional status. However, studying height differences between social groups ignores inequality within those groups. Consequently, conclusions on total inequality can be misleading. In this paper, we address the measurement of height inequality within populations. Based on empirical findings, we develop a theoretical model, from which we infer how the height distribution responds to increasing inequality. Unequal societies tend to have a larger standard deviation in heights as the input induced variance gets added to the biological variance of heights. This property can be used for a measure of height inequality within populations. Finally, we draw attention to potential pitfalls in empirical applications.
Solubility of human enamel mineral.

The solubility of human enamel was investigated in dilute phosphoric acid solutions (0.07 mMols/L to 1.54 mMols/L) under controlled partial pressures of CO2 (0.005% to 3.33% in mixtures with N2) at 25 degrees C. The enamel mineral was considered as carbonatoapatite containing acid phosphate having the stoichiometry [Ca]5-x-y[HPO4]v[PO4]3-x[CO3]w[OH]l-x-y. During equilibration, a second apatitic phase precipitated, as observed under the electronmicroscope. Solubility models are advanced consistent with the adapted stoichiometry and the precipitation of the second phase. The latter appears to have a carbonate content similar to that of the enamel mineral even when precipitated under the lowest partial pressure of CO2, suggesting that a molar content of about 0.3 of carbonate stabilizes the apatitic lattice. Based on the adopted stoichiometry of enamel mineral, Ca4.34 (HPO4). 08 (CO3). 29 (PO4)2.63 (OH). 05, its solubility product constant was calculated as Ksp = 1.74 (+/- 0.081)x10(-6), expressed as the mean activity product.
Lilium longiflorum and molecular floral development: the ABCDE model

Because lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) is an important cut-flower crop, molecular characterisation of genes that are involved in flower morphology could help breeders to develop novel floral architectures in this species. The early ABC model for flower development emerged more than 10 years ago from studies with Arabidopsis thaliana, Antirrhinum majus and petunia. Since then, floral identity genes have been studied in many other species as well and the studies evolved to the so-called ABCDE model. However, the lily ABCDE genes have only been studied in the last four years. Here, we review the current status of the molecular model of flower development in model species and lily, and present two homeotic floral mutants that we have found in Lilium spp. , one of which is a newly identified phenotype, festiva, never reported earlier, not even in the model species Arabidopsis. This phenotype shows homeotic conversion of stamens into petals while keeping the carpel identity unchanged. Further characterisation of more homeotic floral genes in lily and studies of the genetic configuration of lily mutants such as festiva may help to develop new tools for molecular breeding of this species.
Management of the Recovering Alcoholic Who Seeks Cosmetic Surgery

Plastic surgeons are likely to see patients who have successfully completed alcohol or drug abusers' rehabilitation programs. These patients are seeking to improve their appearance and, hence, their self-image. Unless special care is given to the recovering alcoholic, he or she is at risk of readdiction to alcohol or to drugs after surgery. Recommendations are made regarding the timing of elective operations, the use of drugs during and after the procedure, and reliance on a dependable third party to dispense drugs postoperatively.
Digital Correction of Solar Illumination and Viewing Angle Artifacts in Remotely Sensed Images

We seek to understand and correct shading artifacts caused by varying solar illumination conditions and different viewing angles in remotely sensed images. A synthetic image simulating the shading effects for the sun angle and viewing angle as a real image, is generated using a terrain reflectance model and digital elevation data. A good correlation is obtained between the real and synthetic images. The artifact correction is then made, and a resulting image shows useful information that is not apparent in the original image. We also present a three-dimensional perspective representation of a terrain with a corresponding aerial photograph mapped on it, which incidentally may help image interpretation.
The Yin-Yang (cold-hot) theory of disease.

To the Editor. — Harwood's Discussion ( 216 :1153, 1971) the hot-cold theory of disease highlights the influence of folk medicine on United States patients from Latin America. We have found that many Chinese patients in this country also subscribe to hot-cold (Yin-Yang) system based on traditional theories of Chinese medicine. The following case report illustrates the interaction of Oriental and Western medical influences on one young Chinese patient. Report of a Case. — A 20-year-old male college student who immigrated from Hong Kong three years ago was seen in July 1970 with diarrhea of seven months' duration. The patient attributed the diarrhea to his Thanksgiving turkey dinner, which he considered a "cold" meal. He treated himself with a "hot" remedy of Chinese herb teas, and the diagnosis of his illness was delayed until the stools became blood streaked. Physical examination showed a large rectal mass which was an adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Surgery
Review on comparative efficacy of antihypertensive medication for prevention of cardiovascular outcomes

One of the main components of managing a patient with hypertension is deciding which drug to prescribe for first-line therapy. This decision should be made primarily on the basis of the best available evidence of the drug’s ability to prevent adverse health outcomes of the diseases. The objective of this review is to determine the relative effects of different antihypertensive drugs in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes. Articles included in this review were randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis of RCTs. Relevant articles were obtained from Google scholar database, manual Google search and reference lists of retrieved article. Titles and abstracts were assessed for relevance and those potentially fulfilling the inclusion criteria were then assessed in full text. The following main outcomes were selected: Stroke, myocardial infarction, Coronary heart disease, heart failure, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. The evidence in this review shows the newer antihypertensive drugs (CCBs and ACEIs) are better than conventional antihypertensive drugs in preventing stroke. The risk of myocardial infarction can be better reduced by using newer antihypertensive drugs like ARBs and ACEIs. All of the antihypertensive drugs did not have a significant difference in prevention of cardiovascular mortality. In hypertensive patients who had also diabetics the newer drugs have equal effectiveness with the conventional once to reduce cardiovascular mortality. The risk of myocardial infarction in this type of patients is better reduced by using ACEIs than conventional antihypertensive drugs and CCBs. CCBs are better than ACEIs to reduce the risk of stroke. ARB drugs are better for diabetic hypertensive patients to prevent cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
Constraint-Based Performance Analysis of k Ary n -Cube Networks

A method of fabricating integrated circuits comprises forming a concave portion having bottom and side faces on a semiconductor single-crystal substrate, forming an insulating film on the faces of the concave portion except for at least a portion of the bottom face, and forming a first semiconductor growth layer on the insulating film-free portion of the bottom face of the concave portion by chemical vapor deposition using a mixture gas containing semiconductor chloride and hydrogen such that the top surface of the growth layer is the same level as the upper face of the substrate in the region adjoining the concave portion. Semiconductor devices are then fabricated in the substrate and growth layer. Alternatively, the first growth layer can be formed on the substrate and thereafter a concave portion can be etched in the first growth layer and then a second semiconductor growth layer can be formed on the bottom face of the concave portion such that the top surfaces of the first and second growth layers are at the same level. In another variation, the first growth layer can extend above the substrate surface, and a second growth layer can be formed on the substrate such that the top surface of the second growth layer is at the same level as that of the first growth layer.
Kinetic Heterogeneity of Low Density Lipoproteins in Primary Hypertriglyceridemia

The kinetics of two subfractions of low density lipoproteins (LDL) were examined in nine patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia. LDL was subjected to equilibrium ultracentrifugation, and three patterns of LDL subfractions were noted. The LDL of five patients with moderate hypertriglyceridemia (plasma triglycerides (TG) ranging from 333 to 580 mg/dl) appeared to contain two distinct subfractions. One was less dense and had a high TG content; the other was more dense and had a reduced content of all lipids, particularly cholesterol. Each subfraction was labeled separately and was reinjected into the patient. Of the two subfractions, the more dense LDL usually had a higher fractional catabolic rate (FCR), although the turnover rates of both subfractions for these hypertriglyceridemic patients were higher than normal. Two other patients with mild hypertriglyceridemia had only a single LDL after gradient equilibrium ultracentrifugation. This fraction was divided into less dense and more dense subfractions, and their FCR was determined. In both patients, turnover rates of the two subfractions were similar and both were In the normal range. Finally, two more patients with mildly elevated TG had a very dense LDL, besides having a single, less dense band. For both patients, the FCR for the less dense and very dense subfractions were similar, although the denser LDL had a greater fraction in the extravascular compartment. Thus, patients with primary moderate hypertriglyceridemia often have distinct subfractions that have different turnover rates. For patients with mild hypertrlglyceridemia, the LDL is more homogenous, and Its subfractions are kinetically similar.
An evaluation of the channel capacity of MIMO systems with practical compact antenna arrays

The channel capacity characteristics of different multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems are investigated. Both statistical and deterministic channel models for outdoor and indoor wireless communications are studied. Practical two-element compact monopole arrays with decoupling networks are utilized for the evaluation. For the deterministic model, a ray tracing tool is deployed to track the channel matrix. It is found that for different decoupling strategies, the obtained channel capacities are different as well, e.g., the array with good angular diversity shows better performance for indoor wireless communications.
Comparison between mechanical stress and bone mineral density in the femur after total hip arthroplasty by using subject-specific finite element analyses

The mechanism underling bone mineral density (BMD) loss that occurs in the femur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unknown. We compared the equivalent stress and strain energy density (SED) to BMD in the femur after THA using subject-specific finite element analyses. Twenty-four patients who had undergone primary cementless THA were analysed. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at 1 week and 3, 6 and 12 months after THA. Seven regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in accordance with Gruen's system (ROIs 1–7). Computed tomography images of the femurs were acquired pre- and postoperatively, and the images were converted into three-dimensional finite element (FE) models. Equivalent stress and SED were analysed and compared with DEXA data. BMD was maintained 1 year after THA in ROIs 3, 4, 5 and 6, whereas BMD decreased in ROIs 1, 2 and 7. FE analysis revealed that equivalent stress in ROIs 3, 4, 5 and 6 was much higher than that in ROIs 1, 2 and 7. A significant correlation was observed between the rate of changes in BMD and equivalent stress. Reduction of equivalent stress may contribute to decrease in BMD in the femur after THA.
Glomus tumor in the stomach : a case report and review of the literature

Glomus tumors are benign lesions and originate from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. These tumors are commonly observed in the dermis or subcutis, but only rarely found in the stomach. Here we report a case of a 56-year-old male with a gastric glomus tumor who was admitted with epigastralgia and weakness for one month. The clinical procedures with a review of the literature are reported.
Three new triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Ardisia crenata and their cytotoxic activities

Abstract Three new triterpenoid saponins, ardisicrenoside O (1), ardisicrenoside P (2) and ardisicrenoside Q (3) together with three known compounds, 3β,16α-dihydroxy-30-methoxy-28, 30-epoxy-olean-12-en, cyclamiretin A 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) -α-l-arabinopyranoside and cyclamiretin A 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) -α-l-arabinopyranoside were isolated from the roots of Ardisia crenata Sims. Their structures were determined by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, including HSQC, HMBC and TOCSY experiments, as well as acid hydrolysis and GC analysis. All isolates were evaluated for the cytotoxic activities on two human cancer cell lines and compounds 3, 5 and 6 showed significant cytotoxicity.
Odor-induced oscillatory activity in Drosophila CNS.

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Site-specific indoor MIMO capacity using adaptive techniques

The paper investigates, for site-specific indoor scenarios, the attainable improvement of the MIMO capacity by using one or more radio frequency (RF) adaptive techniques. For a scenario-specific (4,4) MIMO system in a corridor, we predict the channel matrix between the transmit and receive ports through image ray tracing (IRT) simulations. We show results for different orientations of transmit/receive arrays and for various positions of the receive array. We demonstrate the dependence of the predicted MIMO capacity on the site-specific scenario over a range of receive end locations. In various specific situations, adaptive techniques can enhance capacity only to a certain extent depending on the original channel matrix. The normalized singular values demonstrate that the capacity enhancement is due to better use of the eigen channels. Combining more than one adaptive technique does not provide further capacity improvement.
Further characterization of regulation of CaV2.2 by Stargazin

Stargazin, a transmembrane protein expressed in the nervous system, shares similarities with the γ1 subunit of skeletal muscle calcium channels. It was thus termed γ2 subunit of neuronal calcium channels. Stargazin downregulates the expression of CaV2 channels, however, its functional modulation of these channels remains debated. We have reported that Stargazin modulates CaV2.2 channel by a Gβγ-dependent mechanism and suggested that Stargazin is not a true subunit of this channel, since all its effects on channel function are dependent on the presence of Gβγ. Moreover, Stargazin also modulated the GIRK channel in a Gβγ-dependent fashion. Here we report that Gβγ-dependent modulation by Stargazin of the biophysical properties of CaV2.2 is unrelated to its negative effect on channel expression and current amplitude. Finally, we suggest that this Gβγ dependent modulation of Stargazin may have physiological relevance, since it was still present when we used Ca2+ as charge carrier, instead of Ba2+
Designing a Ubiquitous Decision Support Engine for Context Prediction: General Bayesian Network Approach

Ubiquitous decision support systems have remained an imaginary and almost useless system for decades since its first introduction in early 1990’s. However, it came out of lab into real world as ubiquitous computing became tangible in the form of mobile devices, pervasive mechanisms, and various mobile Internet technologies. Typically, context-aware systems had received acclaims from both researchers and practitioners as an alternative to making ubiquitous systems touch-and-feel electronics to the users. Nevertheless, context-aware systems lack predictive power which is essential for any ubiquitous systems to suggest timely and effective information for users. Poorly predicted information is likely to degrade the ubiquitous systems seriously. In this respect, context prediction mechanism emerges as a reliable vehicle for making ubiquitous systems more sustainable decision support tool for users. Despite the potentials of context prediction mechanism, few reliable mechanisms exist in literature which shows robust performance against changes in user’s contexts. For this reason, we propose a new type of ubiquitous decision support system that is powered by General Bayesian Network (GBN) capable of organizing causal relationships among a set of related variables. Drawing on the GBN’s strengths, this study proposes U-BASE (Ubiquitous Bayesian network-Assisted Support Engine) to suggest more reliable solution for the context prediction tasks. Performance of U-BASE was tested against real contextual data set, garnering very robust results. The practical implications are fully discussed with some future research issues.
Preconditioning Methods for Local Discontinuous Galerkin Discretizations

A multilevel interior penalty method is used as an efficient preconditioner for the Schur complement of the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) discretization of a Poisson problem. The method is then used in a block-triangular preconditioner of the LDG saddle point system. The block preconditioner is of the same efficiency as the Schur complement version. Finally, the block preconditioner is extended to the discretization of the Stokes problem by the LDG method. Again, the preconditioned saddle point problem can be solved in about as many steps as the Schur complement. The influence of several parameters on the performance of these methods is investigated.
Evidence-Based Endothelial Rehabilitation

ABSTRACT Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) has replaced penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) as the preferred surgical therapy for corneal endothelial dysfunction. However, recent nationwide corneal graft registry data showed few advantages to EK relative to PKP with respect to graft survival and visual outcomes. This article compares the published outcomes and complications of EK to those of PKP. EK demonstrates superior spectacle corrected visual outcomes, fast recovery, less graft rejection, and higher patient satisfaction, particularly in studies performed by high-volume surgeons/centers. Endothelial cell loss in EK, while higher at early time points, was equivalent or superior at five-years’ follow-up and graft survival was equivalent to or superior to PKP in these centers/studies. Continued standardization and simplification of EK procedures may allow surgeons who perform a lower volume of EK to achieve results that mirror those of high-volume centers/surgeons and close the potential gap in outcomes demonstrated in the registry data.