Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of Data Mining

Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems. [1] Data mining is an interdisciplinary sub field of computer science and statistics with an overall goal to extract from a data set and transform the information into a comprehensible structure for further use. [1][2][3][4] The process of digging through data to discover hidden connections and predict future trends has a long history. Sometimes referred to as ‘knowledge discovery’ in databases, the term data mining wasn’t coined until the 1990s. What was old is new again, as data mining technology keeps evolving to keep pace with the limitless potential of big data and affordable computing power. Over the last decade, advances in processing power and speed have enabled us to move beyond manual, tedious and time-consuming practices to quick, easy and automated data analysis. The more complex the data sets collected, the more potential there is to uncover relevant insights.
A NEW ROBUST CONTROL USING ADAPTIVE FUZZY SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR A DFIG SUPPLIED BY A SEVEN-LEVEL INVERTER

This article presents the powers control of a variable speed wind turbine (WT) based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) because of their advantages in terms of economy and control. The considered system consists of a DFIG whose stator is connected directly to the electrical network and its rotor is supplied by a sevenlevel inverter with structure NPC are well used to minimize the harmonics absorbed by the DFIG, reducing switching frequency, high power electronic applications because of their ability to generate a very good quality of waveforms, and their low voltage stress across the power devices. In order to control independently active and reactive powers provided by the stator side of the DFIG to the grid and ensure high performance and a better execution, three types of robust controllers have been studied and compared in terms of power reference tracking, response to sudden speed variations, sensitivity to perturbations and robustness against machine parameters variations.
REDUCTION IN STORAGE SPACE BY ELIMINATION OF REDUNDANT DATA

Data deduplication is a technique for eliminating duplicate copies of data, and has been widely used in cloud storage to reduce storage space and upload bandwidth. However, there is only one copy for each file stored in cloud even if such a file is owned by a huge number of users. As a result, deduplication system improves storage utilization while reducing reliability. Furthermore, the challenge of privacy for sensitive data also arises when they are outsourced by users to cloud. Aiming to address the above security challenges, this paper makes the first attempt to formalize the notion of distributed reliable deduplication system. We propose new distributed deduplication systems with higher reliability in which the data chunks are distributed across multiple cloud servers. The security requirements of data confidentiality and tag consistency are also achieved by introducing a deterministic secret sharing scheme in distributed storage systems, instead of using convergent encryption as in previous deduplication systems. Security analysis demonstrates that our deduplication systems are secure in terms of the definitions specified in the proposed security model. As a proof of concept, we implement the proposed systems and demonstrate that the incurred overhead is very limited in realistic environments.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hybrid compounds between chalcone and piperazine as potential antitumor agents

Chalcones play an important role in living organisms with a wide range of biological activities including potent antitumor activity. Previously, we reported that N-aryl piperazine compounds have excellent biological activity. To further explore the structure–activity relationships, a series of novel hybrid compounds between chalcone and piperazine have been synthesized, and their in vitro antitumor activity was evaluated against a panel of human tumor cell lines. The results demonstrated that compounds bearing acetophenone showed better anticancer activity than cisplatin and other hybrid compounds, and that substitution of the acetophenone with halogen atom, was vital for modulating cytotoxic activity. Among all synthetic derivatives, hybrid compound 7c was found to be the most potent compound against A549, Hela and SGC7901 (IC50 = 5.24 μM, 0.19 μM and 0.41 μM, respectively), importantly, 7c exerted obvious inhibitory effect in vivo.
Sexual and natural selection on body mass and metabolic rates in free‐living bank voles

Summary 1. Because energy is a crucial resource, adaptive significance of variation in the rate of energy metabolism, and especially in basal (BMR) and maximum aerobic (VO2max) metabolic rates, is a popular theme in evolutionary and ecological physiology. However, little is known about the association of these traits with fitness components in populations of free-living animals. 2. We studied the association between body size, the metabolic rates, and reproductive success in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in an isolated, small island population. Correlation analyses were performed for two measures of reproductive performance: mating success (the number of partners with which an individual had any offspring), and overall reproductive success (the number of offspring trapped in the field, calculated for all individuals, including those with no offspring). 3. Direction of the selection on metabolic traits varied between sexes and over time, which could contribute to maintaining a high additive genetic variance of the traits. 4. Mating success and overall reproductive success of males were positively correlated with body size (head width), but not with mass-independent VO2max. The latter result undermines the hypothesis that evolution of high aerobic capacity could be driven by a selection for traits important in male competition. 5. Overall reproductive success was positively correlated with basal metabolic rate. The result corroborates the hypothesis that high BMR and endothermy in mammals could evolve as consequences of intensive parental care evolution. However, the generality of such a correlation remains uncertain and warrants further research.
Model Predictive Direct Power Control of an Inverter With Duty Cycle Optimization

The paper proposes a model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) for a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. The conventional control methods achieve good steady-state and dynamic performance. However the performance relies on internal current control, proportional integral tuning and the predefined switching tables. Therefore a duty cycle optimization technique has been implemented by allocating a fraction of control period for a nonzero voltage vector and the rest time for a zero vector. The nonzero vector is selected by evaluating its effects on the cost function and its duration depends on the principle of power error minimization. Simulation and experimental results prove that, compared to the conventional methods the proposed method achieves better steady-state and dynamic performance at a reduced total harmonic distortion(THD) along with the elimination of current ripples. Furthermore nonlinearities can be included in the models at a small cost of control complexity increase.
A methodology to develop algorithms that predict nitrogen fertilizer needs in maize based on chlorophyll measurements: a case study in Central Mexico

SUMMARY Identifying and applying the optimum fertilizer nitrogen (N) rate is a permanent challenge for farmers. Prediction of fertilizer N requirement, based on crop chlorophyll measurements (CMs), relies on a strong relationship between fertilizer N supply and leaf chlorophyll concentration at a given crop growth stage. A methodological approach is described, aiming to develop an algorithm that uses CM inputs to derive the economically optimum fertilizer N rate for top-dressing, without using a reference plot for data normalization. The method was tested on maize (Zea mays L. cvar Jabali) at experimental and farmer sites in the central (‘Bajío’) region of Mexico over 3 years (2010–12). Increasing fertilizer N supply at planting significantly influenced chlorophyll concentration at the seventh unfolded maize leaf stage (GS 17 on the Zadoks scale). Maize grain yields increased with increasing total fertilizer N supply and fitted quadratic models, which allowed economically optimum fertilizer N rates (Nopt) to be calculated. The Nopt ranged from 160 to 300 kg N/ha and corresponding grain yields ranged from 7·7 to 14 t/ha. Grouped data analysis (sites–years) confirmed a highly significant relationship between the Nopt and the chlorophyll concentration at GS 17, which could be described by a linear model: Nopt = 513·3–0·58 × CM. This model predicted the top-dressing Nopt within a fertilizer N management regime adapted to local maize cropping systems and led to similar grain yields across test sites compared with the same parameters calculated based on grain yield response trials. The current approach is variety-specific, so development of so-called correction factors accounting for variety-related differences in chlorophyll concentration is described. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed algorithms to support decision-making on the optimum fertilizer N rate to apply in maize production systems with one top-dressing application.
Evidence for an Intermediate Colony Morphology of Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulniﬁcus causes both food-borne disease and wound infections. Most V. vulniﬁcus strains express capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which is required for the virulence of this organism. Under standard growth conditions, CPS expression is lost at a relatively high frequency (10 (cid:1) 3 to 10 (cid:1) 4 ), resulting in a switch from an opaque (Op, CPS (cid:2) ) colony morphology to a translucent (Tr, CPS (cid:1) ) colony morphology. The wzb gene, which encodes a phosphatase required for CPS expression, has been proposed to be involved in this switch through a site-speciﬁc deletion of the entire gene. In an examination of ﬁve strains, we found that the frequency of wzb deletion in Tr colonies varies by strain and therefore does not account for all the Tr colonies that are seen. In addition, we have identiﬁed a third, intermediate (Int) colony morphotype, in which the colonies appear less opaque but are not fully translucent. PCR studies have demonstrated that Int colonies still contain the wzb gene, while reverse transcriptase PCR studies have shown that although Int strains retain expression of wzb , in some cases the transcription of wzb is reduced. Int strains switch to a true Tr ( wzb negative) morphotype at a very high frequency (nearly 100%) under certain conditions. Finally, Int colonies, which in some cases can easily be mistaken for Tr colonies, have been observed to occasionally revert to Op, while Tr colonies containing a wzb deletion
Caloscypha fulgens (Ascomycetidae, Pezizales): the perfect state of the conifer seed pathogen Geniculodendron pyriforme (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes)

Results of comparative cultural, conidiophore and conidia morphology, growth–temperature, and pathogenicity studies proved that Geniculodendron pyriforme Salt is the imperfect state of Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boudier. The results are discussed in relation to the etiology and ecology of the disease of conifer seeds caused by the fungus.
REDUCING THE POWER DISTURBANCES IN MULTI FEEDERS BY USING MC-UPQC WITH MICROGRID BASED RENEWABALE GENEREATION UNITS

Multiple bus or Multiple Feeders for compensation of Voltage and Current Systems by using unique Multi-Converter Unified Power Quality Conditioning (MC-UPQC) System is presented in this paper. This proposed scheme can be adapted to the nearby power supplies to correct the voltage and receiving end current deviations in the central power supply and complete rectification of the power supply deviations in the remaining power supplies. By employing MC-UPQC here, power quality is upgraded to renewable energy based systems. On the DC side of all the inverters are connected to one side of the other and support a common condenser connection. So that power can be shifted from a power supply to nearby power supplies to rectify interruptions and voltage drops. The principle of grinding and various control strategies that are used based on ANNs and PI regulators. The MC-UPQC execution and control process is represented by MATLAB for two power feeders / bus scheme.
Effects of Low-protein or High Energy Levels Diets on Layer-type Chick Juvenile Performance

Effects of feed nutritive values on broiler performance are widely investigated. But, relationship between feed macronutrients' levels and layer-type chicks (male and female) retains little attention. However, as for all developmental stages, starter diet composition may affect layer-type chick juvenile growth as well as physiological parameters. A total of 684 Hisex Brown layer-type chicks were studied. Chicks were divided, at random, into 3 groups with equal number of males and females: control, Low-Protein Diet (LP) and High Metabolisable Energy Diet (HME). During rearing period, feed intakes were recorded and chicks were weighed individually at the end of each week. Also, sample of chicks were used to weigh liver, at hatch and at 7, 14 and 56 day-old and to collect blood for glucose, total protein and triglyceride levels determination. Results indicate that layer-type chick growth rate, liver weight and feed efficiency were in following order HME > control > LP. With regard to chick sex, male chicks of HME and control diets grew better than female chicks from d 7 onward. But, in LP group, the weights of male and female chicks were comparable up to 49 d-old. At 7 d post-hatch, serum total protein and triglyceride levels of control chicks were higher than those of chicks of LP group while the levels of HME group were comparable to those of the two other groups. For total protein levels this trend lasted until 56 d of age. It can be concluded that low protein level of starter diet affects negatively feed efficiency and layer-type chick juvenile growth while high level of metabolisable energy improve feed efficiency and growth rate.
A behavioural analysis of phase change in the desert locust

A programme of research into phase change in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is described. The ability to change phase between solitarious and gregarious forms in response to population density is a key feature of locusts and is central to their occasional yet catastrophic impact on humans. Phase polymorphism is an extreme form of phenotypic plasticity. The most labile phase characteristic is behaviour. It is argued that a fully integrated study of behavioural phase change provides a powerful tool for understanding both the mechanisms of phase change and locust population dynamics, both of which offer possibilities for improved management and control of desert locust plagues. An assay for measuring behavioural phase‐state in individual locusts was derived, based on logistic regression analysis. Experiments are described that used the assay to quantify the time‐course of behavioural change, both within the life of individual locusts and across generations. The locust‐related stimuli that provoke behavioural gregarization were investigated. Complex interactions were found between tactile, visual and olfactory stimuli, with the former exerting the strongest effect. Behavioural analysis also directed a study of the mechanisms whereby adult females exert an epigenetic influence over the phase‐state of their developing offspring. Female locusts use their experience of the extent and recency of being crowded to predict the probability that their offspring will emerge into a high‐density population, and alter the development of their embryos accordingly through a gregarizing agent added to the foam that surrounds the eggs at laying. There is also a less pronounced paternal influence on hatchling phase‐state. An understanding of the time‐course of behavioural phase change led to a study of the effect of the fine‐scale distribution of resources in the environment on interactions between individual locusts, and hence on phase change. This, in turn, stimulated an exploration of the implications of individual behavioural phase change for population dynamics. Cellular automata models were derived that explore the relationships between population density, density of food resources and the distribution of resources in the environment. The results of the simulation showed how the extent of gregarization within a population increases with rising population size relative to food abundance and increasing concentration of food resources. Of particular interest was the emergence of critical zones across particular combinations of resource abundance, resource distribution and population size, where a solitarious population would rapidly gregarize. The model provided the basis for further laboratory and field experiments, which are described.
CYBER SECURITY BASED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS APPLIED TO INDUSTRY 4.0 APPLICATION CASE: DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING HYBRID METHOD

The implementation of industry 4.0 is a complex process that involves several steps and management of a project involving all the company's resources: production, supply chain, engineering, maintenance, human resources, information systems and many others. faced of the risks weighing on companies, and even more on their sensitive data, the need to create a cybersecurity strategy for the Industry 4.0 is more essential than ever. It has been apparent for several years that industrial systems are vulnerable to computer attacks. This can be explained because they were not designed with security constraints, particularly because of their physical isolation from Internet. However, they now face a variety of attackers with different objectives and abilities. In this paper, we present our strategy of cybersecurity, based on machine learning algorithms, applied in the context of industry 4.0. For this purpose, Unified Threat Management based on machine learning algorithms (ML-UTM) was used. to touch all layers of pyramid of Computer Integrated Manufacturing we propose to put an ML-UTM between layer 4 and 3, and an Industrial Unified Threat Management based on machine learning algorithms (ML-IUTM) between layer 3 and 2, another ML-IUTM between layer 2 and 1. Then we will cite the works based on the use of filtering device between layers 1 and 0. This paper describes a machine learning approach to build an efficient and accurate network intrusion detection system, which is one of the features of UTM, using a hybrid method. Thus, we have combined the different machine learning algorithms, namely Support vector machine (SVM), One rule (OneR), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) and Random forest (RF) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method using a real data set (Gas pipeline), and according to the results of our analysis, we have selected the best optimized classifier. The experimental results have demonstrated the reliability and efficiency of the proposed approach. The PSO method can provide various advantages to K-NN and RF classifiers such as higher accuracy, lower MSE and faster time to build model. After analyzing and comparing all these results it was found that the NIDS based RF optimized by PSO give the best performances, with accuracy of 99.30%, F-measure of 99,30% and MSE that has been reduced to 0,0034.
Mixotrophic Capabilities of Alcaligenes eutrophus

The facultatively chemolithoautotrophic hydrogen bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus was able to utilize organic and inorganic substrates concomitantly, i.e. to grow mixotrophically. The mixotrophic capabilities were investigated under succinate-limited growth of A. eutrophus with molecular hydrogen in a gas atmosphere devoid of carbon dioxide. At a dilution rate (D) of 0.2 h-1, the mixotrophic cellular yield was increased by 135% over the heterotrophic yield with succinate alone. Total carbon analysis revealed that under these conditions 95% of the succinate carbon was converted to cell carbon. The mixotrophic yield decreased only slightly at dilution rates lower than 0.2 h-1 but significantly at higher dilution rates and was only 18% above the heterotrophic yield at D = 0.32 h-1. Unlike other facultative chemoautotrophs, mixotrophic growth of A. eutrophus required both H2 oxidation (Hox) and autotrophic CO2 fixation (Cfx), as evident from mutants defective in either H2 oxidation (Hox-) or autotrophic metabolism (Cfx-), as well as from incorporation studies of radioactive substrates. The cellular yield of a Cfx- mutant, HF17, increased only slightly (by 14%) upon the addition of H2, indicating that the ability of A. eutrophus to change the metabolism of a heterotrophic substrate was limited. Hox- mutants did not increase their cellular yield under identical growth conditions.
Detection and Characterization of Shiga ToxigenicEscherichia coli by Using Multiplex PCR Assays forstx1, stx2,eaeA, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA,rfbO111, andrfbO157

ABSTRACT Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) comprises a diverse group of organisms capable of causing severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Within the STEC family, certain strains appear to be of greater virulence for humans, for example, those belonging to serogroups O111 and O157 and those with particular combinations of other putative virulence traits. We have developed two multiplex PCR assays for the detection and genetic characterization of STEC in cultures of feces or foodstuffs. Assay 1 utilizes four PCR primer pairs and detects the presence of stx 1,stx 2 (including variants ofstx 2), eaeA, and enterohemorrhagicE. coli hlyA, generating amplification products of 180, 255, 384, and 534 bp, respectively. Assay 2 uses two primer pairs specific for portions of the rfb (O-antigen-encoding) regions of E. coli serotypes O157 and O111, generating PCR products of 259 and 406 bp, respectively. The two assays were validated by testing 52 previously characterized STEC strains and observing 100% agreement with previous results. Moreover, assay 2 did not give a false-positive O157 reaction with enteropathogenic E. colistrains belonging to clonally related serogroup O55. Assays 1 and 2 detected STEC of the appropriate genotype in primary fecal cultures from five patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome and three with bloody diarrhea. Thirty-one other primary fecal cultures from patients without evidence of STEC infection were negative.