Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in a Hilly-Plain Watershed Based on the Different Hydrological Period: A Case Study in Tiaoxi Watershed

Non-point source pollution is widely considered a serious threat to drinking water. Eutrophication in Chinese watershed is mainly due to nitrogen and phosphorus output from agricultural source. Taihu Lake is a typical eutrophic lake in China, a basin representative for the study of the temporal-spatial characteristics of pollution loading of nitrogen and phosphorus to provide scientific basis for reasonable estimation and targeted control measures of nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Based on data from nitrogen and phosphorus loss in agricultural land, livestock breeding, domestic discharge and aquaculture, this study calculated the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus comprehensive loss risk for each pollution source. Using the superposition of ArcGIS raster data, we also described the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus comprehensive loss risk by the formula of comprehensive loss risk. The results showed that critical risk areas of nitrogen and phosphorus loss mainly originated from livestock breeding and agricultural land during flood period in Tiaoxi watershed. Agricultural land and livestock breeding sources formed major parts of nitrogen loss, accounting for 30.85% and 36.18%, respectively, while phosphorus loss mainly originated from livestock breeding (56.28%). During non-flood period, integrated management of livestock breeding and domestic discharge requires much attention to control nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the critical risk area. Finally, it is of great practical significance to propose spatial-temporal targeted measurements to control nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in watershed for various periods and different areas.
BRCA1 mutations in women attending clinics that evaluate the risk of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND To define the incidence of BRCA1 mutations among patients seen in clinics that evaluate the risk of breast cancer, we analyzed DNA samples from women seen in this setting and constructed probability tables to provide estimates of the likelihood of finding a BRCA1 mutation in individual families. METHODS Clinical information, family histories, and blood for DNA analysis were obtained from 263 women with breast cancer. Conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing were used to identify BRCA1 mutations. RESULTS BRCA1 mutations were identified in 16 percent of women with a family history of breast cancer. Only 7 percent of women from families with a history of breast cancer but not ovarian cancer had BRCA1 mutations. The rates were higher among women from families with a history of both breast and ovarian cancer. Among family members, an average age of less than 55 years at the diagnosis of breast cancer, the presence of ovarian cancer, the presence of breast and ovarian cancer in the same woman, and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry were all associated with an increased risk of detecting a BRCA1 mutation. No association was found between the presence of bilateral breast cancer or the number of breast cancers in a family and the detection of a BRCA1 mutation, or between the position of the mutation in the BRCA1 gene and the presence of ovarian cancer in a family. CONCLUSIONS Among women with breast cancer and a family history of the disease, the percentage with BRCA1 coding-region mutations is less than the 45 percent predicted by genetic-linkage analysis. These results suggest that even in a referral clinic specializing in screening women from high-risk families, the majority of tests for BRCA1 mutations will be negative and therefore uninformative.
Oxidative Stress, Diabetes, and Diabetic Complications

Oxidative stress is considered to be the main cause for several chronic diseases including diabetes. Through hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and possible iron dyshomeostasis, diabetes induces oxidative stress that causes damage to multiple organs, leading to various complications. Therefore, antioxidant therapy may be an interesting approach to prevent diabetes and diabetic complications. Metallothionein as a potent antioxidant was found to significantly protect heart and kidney against diabetes-induced pathophysiological changes. Zinc as an important trace element and a metallothionein inducer was found to have same protective function. Since diabetes would impair defensive system, including growth factor reduction, exogenous supplementation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) significantly prevented diabetes-induced cardiac oxidative damage and wound healing impairment. These studies suggest that protective agents such as metallothionein, zinc and FGFs play an important role in preventing the development of diabetes and diabetic complications.
Attentional load affects automatic emotional processing: evidence from event-related potentials

One open question on the relation between attention and emotion concerns the automatic processing of emotional visual stimuli outside the focus of attention. This study examined to what extent the emotional processing at unattended locations is modulated by the processing load at attended locations. Event-related potentials were measured to task-irrelevant unpleasant and neutral pictures briefly presented at peripheral locations while participants performed a visual central task varying in load (low and high load). Unpleasant pictures elicited larger amplitudes of N1-P2 at parietoccipital and occipital sites than that of neutral pictures. This effect was only significant in the low-load condition. Data suggest that brain responses to affective value of task-irrelevant peripheral pictures are modulated by attentional load at fixation.
An adaptive questioning procedure for eliciting PROMETHEE IIs weight parameters CoDE-SMG { Technical Report Series

For most decision making problems, finding representative parameters of a decision maker’s preferences remains a challenging task. We here adapt to the Promethee II outranking method an eliciting procedure named Q-Eval that has been developed in the context of multi-attribute utility. It refines the estimation of the preference parameters by iteratively querying the DM through pairwise action comparisons. After formalising an extension of this method to two other types of queries: (i) selection from an action sub-set; (ii) ranking of a sub-set of actions, we propose an adaptive query selection scheme that presents to the DM the most discriminating query type at each step of the process. Simulation results show that this approach improves the efficiency of the eliciting phase in terms of convergence speed.
Fatal Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction due to Anti‐c + E

A 72‐year‐old man with a peptic ulcer received seven units of apparently compatible red blood cells. Six days after the last unit, he had a hemolytic transfusion reaction manifested by high fever, marked fall in hematocrit, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, severe bili‐rubinemia and oliguria. He went on to become uremic, hyperkalemic, anuric and died five days later. Serologic studies showed that the donor and recipient bloods were completely compatible prior to the transfusions and that unexpected antibodies were not detected. The anamnestic response from donor antigens was precipitous even after a latent period of six days.
THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN — BED REST , EXERCISES , OR ORDINARY ACTIVITY ?

Study sample 186 subjects were included: employees working in public transport or the electricity supply services were excluded as were patients with a sciatic syndrome, pregnant patients, those with a history of cancer, a fracture of the lumbar spine, or urinary tract disease. Two days of bed rest was recommended for 67 patients, exercise for 52 patients and normal activity as tolerated for 67 patients. The three groups were similar with regard to most of the baseline characteristics. The control group contained a few more people engaged in heavy physical work, the bed rest group had more patients with pain radiating below the knee, and the exercise group had more patients with prolonged pain during the previous 12 months. The calculation of power showed a need for 64 subjects in each treatment group in order to achieve a statistical power of 0.80 with an alpha of 0.05.
Critical Role for Protein Phosphatase 2A Heterotrimers in Mammalian Cell Survival*

The predominant forms of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), one of the major Ser/Thr phosphatases, are dimers of catalytic (C) and scaffolding (A) subunits and trimers with an additional variable regulatory subunit. In mammals, catalytic and scaffolding subunits are encoded by two genes each (α/β), whereas three gene families (B, B′, and B″) with a total of 12 genes contribute PP2A regulatory subunits. We generated stable PC12 cell lines in which the major scaffolding Aα subunit can be knocked down by inducible RNA interference (RNAi) to study its role in cell viability. Aα RNAi decreased total PP2A activity as well as protein levels of C, B, and B′ but not B″ subunits. Inhibitor experiments indicate that monomeric C and B subunits are degraded by the proteosome. Knock-down of Aα triggered cell death by redundant apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms because the inhibition of RNAi-associated caspase activation failed to stall cell death. PP2A holoenzymes positively regulate survival kinase signaling, because RNAi reduced basal and epidermal growth factor-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. RNAi-resistant Aα cDNAs rescued RNAi-induced loss of the C subunit, and Aα point mutants prevented regulatory subunit degradation as predicted from each mutant's binding specificity. In transient, stable, and stable-inducible rescue experiments, both wild-type Aβ and Aα mutants capable of binding to at least one family of regulatory subunits were able to delay Aα RNAi-induced death of PC12 cells. However, only the expression of wild-type Aα restored viability completely. Thus, heterotrimeric PP2A holoenzymes containing the Aα subunit and members of all three regulatory subunit families are necessary for mammalian cell viability.
An Intelligent Visualization System for Earth Science Data Analysis

Abstract The ability directly to access, analyze, share and visualize Earth science data has become extremely important for monitoring global environment change. The unique characteristics of Earth science information places undue burdens not only on computing systems but also on the scientists themselves, who must make many low-level browsing and visualization decisions in the course of their work. To address this problem, an effort has been taken to develop a visualization management system (VMS) that insulates the data analyst from making these low-level decisions. The VMS is based on an integrated architecture that utilizes both a database and a knowledgebase management system to generate visualizations of Earth science data. The heart of this system is an intelligent visualization subsystem (IVS) that makes use of a knowledge representation system to help construct interactive data visualizations. With the system, end users specify what to visualize while the system determines how the visualization is to be performed. Therefore, end users will be able to concentrate more on analyzing data rather than on the processes of gathering and visualizing it.
N 3 N 3 N 2 N 2 N 1 N 1

This paper describes pMeasure, a tool for measuring large scale networks, particularly the Internet, from end to end. As the Internet grows in size and complexity, fine-grained, precise and timely measurements are needed to ensure its healthiness and ultimately benefit those mission-critical applications deployed on the Internet. The existing measurement infrastructures are unable to satisfy this need due to various reasons. pMeasure, on the other hand, is built on a Peer-to-Peer network substrate, namely Pastry, and can accomplish measurement tasks by utilizing only nodes at the edge of the Internet. The distinguishing characteristics of pMeasure, such as selforganizing and scalability, just to name a few, make it a measurement tool that can satisfy the measurement need for the Internet community efficiently and economically.
Functional effects of protein sequence polymorphisms in the organic cation/ergothioneine transporter OCTN1 (SLC22A4).

BACKGROUND OCTN1 is a multispecific transporter of organic cations and zwitterions, including several clinically important drugs as well as the antioxidant ergothioneine. OCTN1 is highly expressed in the kidney, where it is thought to aid in active secretion of organic cations, and may facilitate the active reabsorption of ergothioneine. Genetic variation in OCTN1 may help to explain interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of many cationic or zwitterionic drugs. METHODS We screened for human genetic variants in the OCTN1 coding region by direct sequencing in a large sample (n=270) of ethnically diverse healthy volunteers. RESULTS Six protein sequence-altering variants were identified, including five-amino-acid substitutions and one nonsense mutation. Two of the variants, T306I and L503F, were polymorphic, occurring at frequencies of 37 and 19%, respectively, in the total sample. Allele frequencies are varied by ethnicity. In biochemical assays, two of the variants (D165G and R282X) resulted in complete loss of transport function, and one variant (M205I) caused a reduction in activity to approximately 50% of the reference sequence protein. One variant, L503F, showed altered substrate specificity; this variant occurred at particularly high allele frequency (42%) in the European-American participants in our sample. Subcellular localization and ergothioneine inhibition kinetics were similar among the common amino-acid sequence variants of OCTN1. CONCLUSIONS The common OCTN1-L503F variant may explain a significant amount of population variation in the pharmacokinetics of OCTN1 substrate drugs. The rare loss-of-function variants provide a rational tool for studying the importance of ergothioneine in humans in vivo.
Establishment of a cell line with features of early dendritic cell precursors from fetal mouse skin

During ontogeny, the skin is progressively populated by major histocompatibility complex class II‐negative dendritic cell (DC) precursors that then mature into efficient antigen‐presenting cells (APC). To characterize these DC progenitors better, we generated myeloid cell lines from fetal mouse skin by infecting cell suspensions with a retroviral vector carrying an envAKR‐mycMH2 fusion gene. These cells, represented by the line FSDC, displayed a dendritic morphology and their proliferation in serum‐free medium was promoted by granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), but not macrophage‐CSF. FSDC expressed strong surface‐membrane ATP/ADPase activity, intracellular staining for 2A1 antigen, and a surface phenotype consistent with a myeloid precursor: H‐2d.b+, I‐Ad.b+, CD54+, CD11b+, CD11c+, 2.4G2+, F4/80+, CD44+, 2F8+, ER‐MP 12−, Sca‐1+, Sca‐2+, NLDC‐145−, B7.2+, B7.1−, J11d−, B220−, Thy‐1−, and CD3−. FSDC stimulated poorly allogeneic or syngeneic T cells in the primary mixed‐leukocyte reaction, and markedly increased this function after treatment with GM‐CSF, GM‐CSF and interleukin (IL)‐4 or interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ); in contrast, stem cell factor, IL‐1α and tumor necrosis factor‐α had no effect. Preculture with IFN‐γ was required for presentation of haptens to primed T cells in vitro. However, FSDC, even after cytokine activation, were less potent APC than adult epidermal Langerhans cells in both of the above assays. Finally, FSDC derivatized with haptens and injected either intravenously or subcutaneously could efficiently induce contact sensitivity responses in naive syngeneic mice. The results indicate that fetal mouse skin is colonized by myeloid precursors possessing a macrophage/immature DC‐like surface phenotype and priming capacity in vivo. These cells need further differentiation and activation signals (e.g. cytokines) to express their antigen presenting potential in vitro.
B-cell receptor sequencing of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) IgG-expressing B cells indicates a selective advantage for the introduction of N-glycosylation sites during somatic hypermutation

The majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) harbours IgG antibodies targeting citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA). Recently, we showed that >90% of ACPA-IgG in serum are glycosylated in the variable domain.1 N -linked glycosylation requires a consensus sequence in the protein backbone (N-X-S/T (asparagine-X-serine/threonine), where X is any amino acid except proline), which is scarce in germline-encoded Ig variable region genes.2 3 Accordingly, hyperglycosylation of ACPA-IgG requires either clonal expansion of B cells expressing B-cell receptors (BCR) containing germline-encoded N -glycosylation sites or generation of de novo sites through somatic hypermutation (SHM). 4 Here, we analysed the BCR repertoire of ACPA-expressing B cells to understand the molecular basis of this remarkable glycosylation. ACPA-expressing B cells were sorted as pools (10 cells per pool) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eight patients with ACPA-positive RA.5 Anchoring reverse transcription of immunoglobulin sequences and amplification by nested (ARTISAN) PCR-based BCR sequencing6 followed by full-length variable region IgG transcript analysis revealed high nucleotide mutation rates in 97 unique ACPA-IgG heavy chains (HC; mean ±SD: 52.86±16.73; figure 1A). 81% of these contained one or more N -glycosylation sites. Figure 1 A high degree of somatic hypermutation in antibodies targeting citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA)-IgG clones which does not correlate with the frequency of N -glycosylation sites. Pool and single cells were sorted as described.5 All independent clones are defined as identical V, D, J genes and …
Monte Carlo Simulation of Particle's Dispersion in Convective Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere

A stochastic Lagrangian model of motion of falling particles in a locally isotropic incompressible turbulent flow is implemented. A detailed description of the model in the case of convective boundary layer is given. A series of calculations are carried out to find different statistical characteristics (such as the mean center of the cloud, dispersion around the center, the mean concentration in a layer, etc.) for different particle's sizes.
Smart Rate Control and Demand Balancing for Electric Vehicle Charging

The anticipated high electric vehicle (EV) penetration motivates many research efforts to alleviate the potential associated grid impact. However, few works discuss the crucial issue: quality of service (QoS) degradation caused by competing for charging resources. This issue arises due to the limitation on power supply and charging space that charging stations can usually provide. Our work studies this issue and proposes an operational scheme that optimizes QoS for EV users while satisfying the stability of the power grid. The scheme consists of two levels. The lower level deals with charging rate control, for which we propose an efficient algorithm with provable QoS-optimal allocation of power supply to EVs. The upper level handles charging demand balancing, for which we design two approximation algorithms that schedule EVs to multiple charging stations. One algorithm is a 3-approximation with polynomial complexity; while the other is a (2+ε)-approximation using a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. Through extensive simulations based on realistic data traces and simulations tools, we demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of our operational scheme and further provide interesting findings from in-depth analysis of the experimental results.
Localization of endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPases in subcellular fractions and sections of pig cerebellum

Subcellular fractions and sections of the cerebellum were analysed to evaluate the relative activity and distribution of organellar and plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPases (SERCA and PMCA). Western blot analysis of the fractions with IID8 or Y/1F4 SERCA‐specific antibodies or else with 5F10 or pbPMCA antibodies, specific to PMCA pump, revealed a major content of SERCA protein in microsomes and of PMCA protein in plasma membrane vesicles. The Ca2+‐ATPase activity of microsomes was more sensitive to thapsigargin, a SERCA‐specific inhibitor, whereas the activity of the plasma membrane vesicle fraction was inhibited more by vanadate, a blocker of PMCA activity. The SERCA and PMCA distribution analysed in cerebellar sections revealed IID8 antibody reactions in Purkinje cell cytoplasm, granule cells and cerebellar glomeruli. Y/1F4 gave immunostaining in Purkinje cells, molecular layer interneurons (basket and stellate cells) and glomeruli, but granule cells were not labelled. The 5F10 antibody reacted with Purkinje cells, including their dendritic spines, as well as cerebellar glomeruli, whereas the pbPMCA antibody labelled several processes in all three layers and some synaptic interaction sites. The differential content and localization of the two types of Ca2+ pumps in specific neuronal areas of pig cerebellum indicate precise Ca2+ requirements of specific cellular regions.
Circulating Breast Tumor Cells Exhibit Dynamic Changes in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Composition

Cells in Transit(ion) Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program that converts adherent epithelial cells to a migratory mesenchymal state. This cell-fate change has been linked to tumor metastasis in preclinical models. To investigate whether EMT occurs in human cancer, Yu et al. (p. 580) isolated circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from breast cancer patients and analyzed their expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by RNA–in situ hybridization and RNA sequencing. Biphenotypic cells expressing both types of markers were rare in primary breast tumors but were enriched among CTCs, as were cells expressing only mesenchymal markers. Serial blood samples from one patient revealed that CTCs in the mesenchymal state declined in number when the patient responded to therapy but rebounded when the disease began to progress—a pattern repeated when a different therapy was administered. Thus, EMT may facilitate tumor cell dissemination in humans. Tumor cells circulating in the blood of cancer patients undergo a phenotypic change that may facilitate their spread. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of adherent epithelial cells to a migratory mesenchymal state has been implicated in tumor metastasis in preclinical models. To investigate its role in human cancer, we characterized EMT in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from breast cancer patients. Rare primary tumor cells simultaneously expressed mesenchymal and epithelial markers, but mesenchymal cells were highly enriched in CTCs. Serial CTC monitoring in 11 patients suggested an association of mesenchymal CTCs with disease progression. In an index patient, reversible shifts between these cell fates accompanied each cycle of response to therapy and disease progression. Mesenchymal CTCs occurred as both single cells and multicellular clusters, expressing known EMT regulators, including transforming growth factor (TGF)–β pathway components and the FOXC1 transcription factor. These data support a role for EMT in the blood-borne dissemination of human breast cancer.
Viral P21 Ki‐RAS protein: A potent intracellular mitogen that stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in early G1 phase of cultured rat cells

Rat kidney (NRK) cells infected with a temperature‐sensitive mutant of the Kirsten sarcoma virus were arrested in the G0/G1phase of their cell cycle by incubation in serum‐deficient medium at a p21‐inactivating temperature of 41°C. These quiescent ts K‐NRK cells were then stimulated to transit g1 and initiate DNA replication by lowering the temperature to 36°C, which rapidly reactivated p21 Reactivating the viral Ki‐RAS protein by temperature shift led to an increase in adenylate cyclase activity in early G1 phase. The Ki‐RAS protein increased the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to guany1 nucleotides by a mechanism that seemed to involve inactivation of the enzyme's inhibitory G1regulatory protein.