Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATIVE ENERGY AND ENTROPY BASED WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION OF IMAGES 1

Multiresolution signal analysis via orthogonal discrete wavelet transform (ODWT) separates signals into lower and higher frequency contents. For images as 2-D signals, each decomposition level consists of a low pass filtered partrepresenting the approximation of the image and high pass filtered parts regarding the details such as noise, edges, sharp transitions between intensity values of pixels etc. of the image. In this study, we propose a new method for extraction of the necessary information from high and mid frequency bands. For this reason, relative energy and entropy concept is applied to the subimages of the original image in order to understand which frequency bands should be further decomposed via multiresolution signal analysis.
Bone fractures after stroke

Stroke is a major cause of disability and death. Patients after stroke are susceptible to accelerated bone loss, more evident at the paretic side and at lower extremities, as well as to osteoporotic fractures. Main factors that influence decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) are duration of hemiplegia-induced immobilization, time and degree of functional recovery, and severity of functional deficits. Strategies for prevention of post-stroke fragility fractures should be focused on inhibition of bone mass loss and reduction of incidence of falls. Effective management, including physical exercise regimens, can improve bone health as well as patients’ mobility. Hip protectors can be used as effective shock absorbers. Vitamin D deficiency has to be corrected. In patients with low BMD and increased fracture risk antiresorptive treatment with bisphosphonates, such as risedronate, alendronate, ibandronate or zoledronic acid, as well as vitamin B12 and folate supplementation need to be used.
A GENERIC ALGORITHM TO NUMERICALLY MODEL THE LINEWIDTH BROADENING OF LASER DUE TO PHASE NOISE

A generic algorithm to numerically model the linewidth broadening of laser due to phase noise is discussed. The application of optical heterodyning to generate microwave signal has been considered to describe the utility of the algorithm in system level simulations. Optical heterodyning experiment has been conducted to validate the simulation results obtained by using the algorithm. Practical results have been found to agree closely with the simulated results.
Arterial Stiffness and Stroke in Hypertension Therapeutic Implications for Stroke Prevention

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the leading Abstract cause of death in China and Japan. Its prevention represents a major goal. Identification of primary stroke risk, particularly through newly individualised risk factors including biomarkers of large artery damage such as arterial stiffening, is necessary for determining the appropriate level of intervention. The purpose of this review is to focus on the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness, its predictive value for stroke and the therapeutic implications of this risk factor for stroke prevention. The predictive value of arterial stiffness for stroke was demonstrated in a longitudinal study that included 1715 patients with essential hypertension and measurements of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) [an indicator of arterial stiffness] at entry. Over a mean follow-up period of 7.9 years, during which 25 fatal strokes occurred, PWV significantly predicted stroke (relative risk = 1.39 [(95% CI 1.08, 1.72]; p = 0.02 for each 4 m/sec increase) independently of classical cardiovascular risk factors, including age, cholesterol level, diabetes mellitus, smoking and mean blood pressure. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of aortic stiffness on primary and secondary events, in lowand high-risk populations, in various countries, and using different methodologies of arterial stiffness measurement. Drug treatment could prevent stroke through a reduction in arterial stiffness in parallel with correction of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking, all of which are associated with arterial stiffening. In view of the important local actions of angiotensin II on arterial stiffening, drugs interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system should be particularly effective. Promising therapeutic strategies to reduce arterial stiffness include taking advantage of the non-lipid-lowering effects of statins and directly targeting the molecular events leading to arterial stiffening, such as formation of advanced glycation end products.
Educational Software for Teaching the Basics of Computer Science

In this paper we describe the visual environment for learning the basics of computer science: the binary, octal and hexadecimal numeration systems and the rules of storing the information in the computers memory. The software package is an interactive programming environment with graphical user interface that has user friendly interface and logic of usage. It offers all of the essential functions needed to understand the basics of binary, octal and hexadecimal numeration systems, the conversion between these systems and arithmetical operation with numbers in these numeration systems. The software offers also options needed to understand the two's complement code, the floating point numbers single and double precision. Another option of the software is for on-line testing of the students. This option can be use both for evaluation and self- evaluation. The software package is implemented in Java language.
C L ] 2 J ul 2 01 9 CS 563-QA : A Collection for Evaluating Question Answering Systems

Question Answering (QA) is a challenging topic since it requires tackling the various difficulties of natural language understanding. Since evaluation is important not only for identifying the strong and weak points of the various techniques for QA, but also for facilitating the inception of new methods and techniques, in this paper we present a collection for evaluating QA methods over free text that we have created. Although it is a small collection, it contains cases of increasing difficulty, therefore it has an educational value and it can be used for rapid evaluation of QA systems.
A Novel Control Technique for PV System Integration by Using Z Source Inverter

A novel control method, including system-level control and SVPWM for quasi-Z-source multilevel cascade inverter (QZS-CMI) based photovoltaic (PV) power system integration is proposed. The control achieves current injection, independent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for every PV panels, and balanced dclink voltage for all H-bridge quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSHBI) modules. A multilevel space vector modulation (SVM) for the single-phase qZS-CMI is proposed to synthesize the step-like voltage waveforms. Simulations based on a seven-level converter are carried out to validate the proposed methods.
In Vitro Activity Assays of Sputtered HAp Coatings with SiC Addition in Various Simulated Biological Fluids

Considering the requirements of medical implantable devices, it is pointed out that biomaterials should play a more sophisticated, longer-term role in the customization and optimization of the material–tissue interface in order to ensure the best long-term clinical outcomes. The aim of this contribution was to assess the performance of silicon carbide–hydroxyapatite in various simulated biological fluids (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate buffer solution (PBS)) through immersion assays for 21 days at 37 ± 0.5 °C and to evaluate the electrochemical behavior. The coatings were prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates by magnetron sputtering method using two cathodes made of hydroxyapatite and silicon carbide (SiC). After immersion assays the coating’s surface was analyzed in terms of morphology, chemical and phase composition, and chemical bonds. According to the electrochemical behavior in the media investigated at 37 ± 0.5 °C, SiC addition inhibits the dissolution of the hydroxyapatite in DMEM acellular media. Furthermore, after adding SiC, the slow degradation of hydroxyapatite in PBS and SBF media as well as biomineralization in DMEM were observed.
Automation of lexicographic work: an opportunity for both lexicographers and crowd-sourcing

A new approach to lexicographic work, in which the lexicographer is seen more as a validator of the choices made by computer, was recently envisaged by Rundell and Kilgarriff (2011). In this paper, we describe an experiment using such an approach during the creation of the Slovene Lexical Database (Gantar & Krek, 2011). The corpus data, i.e. grammatical relations, collocations, examples, and grammatical labels, were automatically extracted from the 1.18-billion-word Gigafida corpus of Slovene. An evaluation of the extracted data consisted of making a comparison between a manual entry and a (semi)-automatic entry, and identifying potential improvements in the extraction algorithm and in the presentation of data. An important finding was that the automatic approach was far more effective than the manual approach, without any significant loss of information. Based on our experience, we would propose a slightly revised version of the approach envisaged by Rundell and Kilgarriff in which the validation of data is left to lower-level linguists or crowd-sourcing, whereas high-level tasks such as meaning description remain the domain of lexicographers. Such an approach indeed reduces the scope of lexicographers' work; however, it also results in the ability of making content available to the users more quickly.
Linear varactor upconverters for use in digital microwave radio

Frequency upconverters used on modern digital radios, must achieve a high degree of linearity. The theory and design of such an upconverter using a varactor diode is explained. A comparison is made between theoretical design and practical results for an upconverter operating in the range 3.8 to 4.2 GHz.
Diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for cystic and non-cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Abstract Background and study aims Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NENs) are rare tumors with malignant potential. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been shown to be superior to other imaging methods in preoperative localization and diagnosis of P-NENs. The objective of this study was to describe the EUS features of non-metastatic cystic and non-cystic P-NENs seen at a referral center and to evaluate the performance of EUS-FNA in diagnosis of P-NENs. Patients and methods All patients with histologically confirmed, non-metastatic P-NENs, which underwent EUS-FNA prior to surgical resection at the Moffitt Cancer Center between Jan 2005 and Dec 2012 were included. Clinical, endoscopic and pathologic information was abstracted from electronic medical records. Results Thirty-nine patients, all with non-functional P-NENs, were included in this study. Thirteen tumors were cystic and 26 were solid. Among the cystic tumors, 50 % were partly cystic and partly solid, and 50 % were fully cystic. The cystic tumors were more commonly seen at the body/tail, and the solid tumors were more uniformly distributed. Fluid could be aspirated from 50 % of the cystic tumors, all with a carcinoembryonic antigen level < 192 ng/mL. With surgical pathology as the gold standard, overall sensitivity of EUS-FNA in diagnosing cystic tumors was 62.5 %, and for solid tumors, 95 % (P < 0.03). Conclusions EUS-FNA is much more sensitive in diagnosing solid P-NENs than cystic PNETs. Our results indicate that EUS-FNA may have higher sensitivity for diagnosis of cystic P-NENs than the reported sensitivity of EUS-FNA for all pancreatic cystic tumors.
Automated sample preparation

Devices to prepare cells, nucleic acids, proteins, and other samples for analysis are becoming increasingly sophisticated, running faster and more accurately than ever before. In addition, their ease of use is making it possible to quickly train almost anyone to run automated sample preparation. Read the Feature (Full-Text HTML) Read the Feature (PDF) Read New Products (PDF)
Radio-chemotherapy in Cervical Cancer : Proved Efficacity Viorica

For patients with locally advanced cervical cancer the standard choice of treatment until 1999 was radical radiotherapy with modest results. In that year, the results of five randomized trials led to a National Cancer Institute recommendation that concomitant chemoradiotherapy should be considered standard care for women with cervical cancer. Two Cochrane reviews by Green from 2001 and 2005 concurred with this recommendation. In the new Cochrane review published by Vale in 2010 there was a 6% improvement in 5year survival with chemoradiotherapy (HR =0.81, P < 0.001). At the “Prof.Dr.Ion Chiricuţă” Oncology Institute Cluj-Napoca, two randomized phase III single institutional studies were completed. The first study was initiated in 1999, and compared radiotherapy (RT) to concurrent radio-chemotherapy (RTCT) in locally advanced (IIB-IIIB) cervical carcinoma. 566 patients were included in the RT arm (284 patients) and in the RTCT arm with cisplatin 20 mg/m2×5 days, at 21 days (282 patients). The results showed the benefits of concurrent RTCT compared to RT alone in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma, regarding local control (78% vs. 67%) and 5 year survival rates (74% vs. 64%) (p < 0.05). In 2003 at the “Prof.Dr.Ion Chiricuţă” Oncology Institute “the second randomized phase III study was initiated which compared two concomitant RTCT regimens in stage IIB-IIIB cervical carcinoma. 326 patients were randomly assigned in the two arms of the protocol: 164 in the RTCT arm with cisplatin 20 mg/m2×5 days at 21 days and 162 in the RTCT arm with weekly 40 mg/m2 cisplatin. The local control was significantly superior (87% vs 75%, p<0.01) and the 5 year overall survival was 6% better (78% vs 72%, p=0.14) in the 5 day regimens’ arm in comparison with the weekly cisplatin arm. Several molecular targeted agents possessing radiosensitizing properties opened the way for their testing either alone or with known cytotoxic radiosensitizers for cervical cancer. These results proved the obvious superiority of chemoradiotherapy compared with radiotherapy for women with cervical cancer.
Indications for Digital Volume Tomography in Orthodontics Einsatzmöglichkeiten der digitalen Volumentomo-graphie in der kieferorthopädischen Diagnostik

Received: December 1, 2004; accepted: February 28, 2005 Abstract Disturbances in tooth eruption and tooth impactions make great demands on radiographic diagnostics. There is often need for radiographic images in various projections to assess the exact position of unerupted and impacted teeth. Digital volume tomography (DVT) is a method for localizing hard tissue structures such as bone and teeth on various planes. Moreover, it makes a three-dimensional image of the teeth, jaws and the viscerocranium possible. From an orthodontic point of view, digital volume tomography is indicated to detect impacted and ectopic teeth and to demonstrate the amount of bone available for orthodontic tooth movement. In patients with cleft lip and palate, DVT can be used to visualize the size of the alveolar cleft and to evaluate the position and development of multiple teeth, as these patients often suffer from disturbances in tooth eruption.
Attack Analyzer : Using JPCAP and WinCap

Nowadays, Computers and their Networks leads to being complex and diverse systems that communicate with speed and flexible. There is always room for sophisticated and highly specific network/Packet analyzing tool. Network traffic monitoring is not as straight as they written in theory but also leads to many trends changing changes. Tools are also able to provide the statics and graphic representation of risk and reports. While developing the tools, it is highly important to understand the intrusion attacks conditions, network protocols and systems behavior, the intension of user and user conformability. We are proposing the network traffic detection and analyzing tools that mainly focus on the DDoS attack. We are using JPCAP packet capturing library with WinCap for Detection and analysis of network traffic on a prime target of DDoS Attack. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of ICCCV 2016.
Time-resolved characterization of biotic stress emissions from Scots pines being fed upon by pine weevil by means of PTR-ToF-MS

Insect herbivory of plants leads to the increased emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured above-ground VOC emissions of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) saplings in the laboratory using a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) before, during and after a 48-hour exposure to barkfeeding pine weevils. This study provides an in-depth investigation of the whole-plant VOC emission profile and its changes due to pine weevil feeding with a high time resolution. Monoterpenes dominated the emissions during and after herbivore feeding. The average monoterpene emission rate increase due to pine weevil feeding was 90 times and maximum monoterpene emission response was linearly proportional to the damaged bark area, demonstrating a dose-dependent response. Overall, the emission rates of more than ten VOC groups were increased due to herbivore feeding. These results increase knowledge about the effect of bark-feeding herbivores on VOC emissions from conifer forests and shed light on the important influence of herbivore ecosystem disturbance on atmospheric chemistry.
Financial Integration for Indian Stock Market

The Indian stock market is considered to be one of the earliest in Asia, which is in operation since 1875. However, it remained largely outside the global integration process until 1991. A number of developing countries in association with the International Finance Corporation and the World Bank took steps to establish and revitalize their stock markets as an effective way of mobilizing and allocation of funds. In line with the global trend, reform of the Indian stock market also started with the establishment of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), although it became more effective after the stock market scam in 1991. With the establishment of SEBI and technological advancement Indian stock market has now reached the global standard. The major indicators of stock market development show that significant development has taken in the Indian stock market during the post-reform period. This paper seeks to examine in this context whether reform in the Indian stock market has led to integration with the developed stock markets in the world. The study finds that contrary to general belief, Indian stock market is not co-integrated with the developed market as yet. Of course, some short-term impact does exist, although it is found to be unidirectional for obvious reasons. That is to say, the developed stock markets, viz., USA, UK and Hong Kong stock markets Granger cause the India stock market but not vice versa. However, the study does not find any causality between the Japanese stock market and Indian stock market. It is derived from the study that although some positive steps have been taken up, which are responsible for the substantial improvement of the Indian stock market, these are perhaps not sufficient enough to become a matured one and hence not integrated with the developed stock markets so far.
Evaluation of self-generated behavior: untangling metacognitive read-out and error detection

When producing a duration, for instance by pressing a key for one second, the brain relies on self-generated neuronal dynamics to monitor the “flow of time”. Converging evidence has suggested that the brain can also monitor itself monitoring time. Here, we investigated which brain mechanisms support metacognitive inferences when self-generating timing behavior. Although studies have shown that participants can reliably detect temporal errors when generating a duration (Akdogan & Balci, 2017; Kononowicz et al., 2017), the neural bases underlying the evaluation and the monitoring of this self-generated temporal behavior are unknown. Theories of psychological time have also remained silent about such self-evaluation abilities. How are temporal errors inferred on the basis of purely internally driven brain dynamics without external reference for time? We contrasted the error-detection hypothesis, in which error-detection would result from the comparison of competing motor plans with the read-out hypothesis, in which errors would result from inferring the state of an internal code for motor timing. Human participants generated a time interval, and evaluated the magnitude of their timing (first and second order behavioral judgments, respectively) while being recorded with time-resolved neuroimaging. Focusing on the neural signatures following the termination of self-generated duration, we found several regions involved in performance monitoring, which displayed a linear association between the power of α (8-14 Hz) oscillations, and the duration of the produced interval. Altogether, our results support the read-out hypothesis and indicate that first-order signals may be integrated for the evaluation of self-generated behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When typing on a keyboard, the brain estimates where the finger should land, but also when. The endogenous generation of the when in time is naturally accompanied by timing errors which, quite remarkably, participants can accurately rate as being too short or too long, and also by how much. Here, we explored the brain mechanisms supporting such temporal metacognitive inferences. For this, we contrasted two working hypotheses (error-detection vs. read-out), and showed that the pattern of evoked and oscillatory brain activity parsimoniously accounted best for a read-out mechanism. Our results suggest the existence of meta-representations of time estimates.
Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in the evaluation of maxillary sinus pathology related to maxillary posterior teeth: Do apical lesions increase the risk of maxillary sinus pathology?

Purpose The aims of this study were first, to compare panoramic radiography with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for evaluating topographic relationships, such as the classification of maxillary posterior teeth and their distance to the maxillary sinus floor; and second, to determine the relationship between maxillary sinus pathology and the presence of apical lesions. Materials and Methods In total, 285 paired CBCT and panoramic radiography records of patients (570 maxillary sinuses) were retrospectively analyzed. Both imaging modalities were used to determine the topographic relationship of the maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor. Mucosal thickening >2 mm was considered a pathological state. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results The closest vertical distance measurements made between posterior maxillary teeth roots and the maxillary sinus on panoramic radiography and CBCT scans showed statistically significant differences from each other (P<0.05). Compared to panoramic radiography, CBCT showed higher mean values for the distance between the maxillary sinus floor and maxillary posterior teeth roots. The CBCT images showed that at least 1 apical lesion adjacent to the right maxillary sinus increased the risk of maxillary sinus pathology by 2.37 times (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.58-3.55, P<0.05). Conclusion Panoramic radiography might lead to unreliable diagnoses when evaluating the distance between the sinus floor and posterior roots of the maxillary teeth. Periapical lesions anatomically associated with maxillary sinuses were a risk factor for sinus mucosal thickening.