Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly selective and rapid enrichment of phosphorylated peptides using gallium oxide‐coated magnetic microspheres for MALDI‐TOF‐MS and nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS/MS analysis

In this work, we present, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of the utility of iron oxide magnetic microspheres coated with gallium oxide for the highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptide prior to mass spectrometric analysis. These microspheres that we prepared not only have a shell of gallium oxide, giving them a high‐trapping capacity for the phosphopeptides, but also their magnetic property enables easy isolation by positioning an external magnetic field. Tryptic digest products of phosphoproteins including β‐casein, ovalbumin, casein, as well as five protein mixtures were used as the samples to exemplify the feasibility of this approach. In very short time (only 0.5 min), phosphopeptides sufficient for characterization by MALDI‐TOF‐MS were selectively enriched by the Ga2O3‐coated Fe3O4 microspheres. The performance of the Ga2O3‐coated Fe3O4 microspheres were further compared with Fe3+‐immobilized magnetic silica microspheres, commercial Fe3+‐IMAC resin, and TiO2 beads for enrichment of peptides originating from tryptic digestion of β‐casein and BSA with a molar ratio of 1:50, and the results proved a stronger selective ability of Ga2O3‐coated Fe3O4 microspheres over the other materials. Finally, the Ga2O3‐coated Fe3O4 microspheres were successfully utilized for enrichment of phosphopeptides from digestion products of rat liver extract. All results show that Ga2O3‐coated Fe3O4 microsphere is an effective material for selective isolation and concentration of phosphopeptides.
Isolation and characterization of methyl viologen-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli K-12

Escherichia coli mutants sensitive to methyl viologen (MV), an active oxygen propagator, were isolated. Among them, the new genes mvrA and mvrB were mapped at 7 and 28 min on the E. coli linkage map, respectively. MV toxicity was exerted only in the presence of oxygen and was suppressed by the radical scavenger uric acid but not by the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol. The mvr mutants were sensitive only to MV and had a normal repair capacity for the MV-damaged DNA. From these results, these mutants were assumed to be related to the elimination of MV-specific toxic species. Gene mvrA was cloned into vector pBR322 and its sequence was determined. The mvrA gene, which was predicted to range in size from 600 to 900 base pairs (bp) by transposon Tn1000 insertion analysis, was identified to be 807 bp, with an approximately 60-bp promoter sequence carrying consensus sequences for the -35 region, the -10 region, and a ribosome-binding site. The MvrA protein deduced from the DNA sequence was 29.7 kilodaltons, which was in good agreement with the 29 kilodaltons of the MvrA protein identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after a maxicell labeling experiment.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Phospholipid Scrambling

Summary Plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry is maintained by an aminophospholipid translocase that transports phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from outer to inner membrane leaflet. Cell activation or injury leads to redistribution of all major lipid classes within the plasma membrane, resulting in surface exposure of PS and PE. Cell surface-exposed PS can serve as receptor sites for coagulation enzyme complexes, and contributes to cell clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. The mechanism(s) by which this PL ”scrambling” occurs is poorly understood. A protein called phospholipid scramblase (PLSCR1) has been cloned that exhibits Ca2+-activated PL scrambling activity in vitro. PLSCR1 belongs to a new family of proteins with no apparent homology to other known proteins. PLSCR1 is palmitoylated and contains a potential protein kinase C phosphorylation site. It further contains multiple PxxP and PPxY motifs, representing potential binding motifs for SH3 and WW domains implicated in mediating protein-protein interactions. Although at least two proteins have been shown to associate with PLSCR1, the functional significance of such interaction remains to be elucidated. Evidence that PLSCR1 may serve functions other than its proposed activity as PL scramblase is also presented.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Ligamentous Injury in the Pelvis: A Prospective Case-Controlled Study

Objectives: Management of external rotation pelvic ring disruptions is based on which ligaments are disrupted within the pelvis. We hypothesized that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can evaluate the ligaments of the pelvic ring and differentiate injured from uninjured pelves. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Level I trauma center. Patients: Twenty-one patients with 25 acute external rotation injuries of the hemipelvis; control group of 26 patients without pelvic ring injury. Intervention: All patients underwent the same MRI protocol reviewed by 1 musculoskeletal radiologist. Main Outcome Measures: Integrity of 5 structures: sacrospinous, sacrotuberous, anterior sacroiliac, and posterior sacroiliac ligaments and pelvic floor musculature. Results: Visualization of sacrospinous, sacrotuberous, anterior sacroiliac, and posterior sacroiliac ligaments, and pelvic floor musculature was possible for 91%, 100%, 98%, 91%, and 100%, respectively, of all studied structures. No injuries were identified in control group patients in contrast to ligament injury observed with all injured pelves (0% versus 100%; P < 0.0001). Observed relationship of ligament injury to pelvic injury type generally agreed with the Young–Burgess classification system, with the important exception that patients with anterior–posterior compression type II injuries had damage to the sacrospinous ligament in only 50% of the cases. Conclusions: Ligamentous anatomy and injury about the pelvic ring appears to be easily evaluated with MRI, arguing that there may be a role for this imaging modality in managing these cases. Tearing of the sacrospinous ligament is variable among anterior–posterior compression type II injuries, arguing that the injury pattern can be subdivided into those with and without sacrospinous ligament tears. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
p56Lck anchors CD4 to distinct microdomains on microvilli

Cell-surface microvilli play a central role in adhesion, fusion, and signaling processes. Some adhesion and signaling receptors segregate on microvilli but the determinants of this localization remain mostly unknown. In this study, we considered CD4, a receptor involved in immune response and HIV infection, and p56Lck, a CD4-associated tyrosine kinase. Analysis of CD4 trafficking reveals that p56Lck binds tightly to CD4 independently of its activation state and inhibits CD4 internalization. Electron microscopy analysis established that p56Lck mediates CD4 association with microvilli whereas biochemical data indicate that p56Lck expression renders CD4 insoluble by the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. In addition, cytoskeleton-disrupting agent increased CD4 solubility, suggesting the involvement of cytoskeletal elements in CD4 anchoring to microvilli. This concept was supported further by the observation that the lateral mobility of CD4 within the plasma membrane was decreased in cells expressing p56Lck. Finally, isolation of detergent-resistant membranes revealed that the complex CD4-p56Lck is enriched within these domains as opposed to conditions in which CD4 does not interact with p56Lck. In conclusion, our results show that p56Lck targets CD4 to specialized lipid microdomains preferentially localized on microvilli. This localization, which prevents CD4 internalization, might facilitate CD4-mediated adhesion processes and could correspond to the signaling site of the receptor.
Secondary prevention in the clinical management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Core components, standards and outcome measures for referral and delivery

Despite major improvements in diagnostics and interventional therapies, cardiovascular diseases remain a major health care and socio-economic burden both in western and developing countries, in which this burden is increasing in close correlation to economic growth. Health authorities and the general population have started to recognize that the fight against these diseases can only be won if their burden is faced by increasing our investment on interventions in lifestyle changes and prevention. There is an overwhelming evidence of the efficacy of secondary prevention initiatives including cardiac rehabilitation in terms of reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, secondary prevention is still too poorly implemented in clinical practice, often only on selected populations and over a limited period of time. The development of systematic and full comprehensive preventive programmes is warranted, integrated in the organization of national health systems. Furthermore, systematic monitoring of the process of delivery and outcomes is a necessity. Cardiology and secondary prevention, including cardiac rehabilitation, have evolved almost independently of each other and although each makes a unique contribution it is now time to join forces under the banner of preventive cardiology and create a comprehensive model that optimizes long term outcomes for patients and reduces the future burden on health care services. These are the aims that the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation has foreseen to promote secondary preventive cardiology in clinical practice.
Classification of Epileptic Motor Manifestations and Detection of Tonic–Clonic Seizures With Acceleration Norm Entropy

In this paper, three triaxis accelerometers positioned on the wrists and the head of epileptic patients submitted to long-term video electroencephalographic monitoring as part of presurgical investigation are evaluated to characterize the different classes of motor manifestations observed during seizures. Quadratic discriminant classifiers are trained on features extracted from 1 or 4 s windows. It is shown that a simple rule applied to the acceleration norm entropy HnA produces the best performances compared to other classifiers trained on other feature sets. The simple rule is as follows with values given in bits: (0 <; HnA <; 1.34), no movement; (1.34 <; HnA <; 3.87), tonic manifestations; (3.87 <; HnA), tonic-clonic manifestations. For this classifier, features are extracted from 1 s windows and the misclassification rate is 11% evaluated on 5 607 s of epileptic motor manifestations obtained from 58 seizures in 30 patients. A quantile normalization can improve the results with features based on absolute power spectral density but performances are not as good as the ones obtained with HnA. Based on the classifier using only HnA, a simple tonic-clonic seizure detector is proposed and produces a 80% sensitivity with a 95% specificity.
Pancreatic exocrine response to long-term high-fat diets in rats.

CONTEXT Although the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes are dependent on the composition of diet, little is known about the long-term adaptation of the exocrine pancreas to the chronic intake of high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets. OBJECTIVE The effects of long-term (48-weeks) high-fat, low-carbohydrate feeding on the intracellular activity as well as on the secretory activities of the pancreas regarding the secretion of amylase and lipase in isolated pancreatic lobules of rats were investigated. ANIMALS Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. DESIGN The high-fat diet group was fed a diet containing 12.3% Kcal of carbohydrates, 76.0% Kcal of fats, and 11.7% Kcal of proteins for 48 weeks. In the control group, the rats were fed a standard diet (50.3% Kcal of carbohydrates, 33.2% Kcal of fats, and 16.5% Kcal of proteins) for the same period of time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The intracellular activity of alpha-amylase and lipase were defined as enzyme activity per 1 mg protein in the pancreatic homogenate. The secretory activity of the pancreatic enzymes was defined as enzyme activity per 1 mg protein or as the mean percentage of released enzyme activity in the medium to that initially retained in the lobules over the entire 90 minute incubation period. RESULTS The intracellular activity as well as the secretory activities of pancreatic amylase in the basal and in the cholecystokinin (10 pmol/L)-stimulated states of high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet fed rats were significantly lower than that in the control rats. Nevertheless, those of lipase were not significantly different between the two groups. However, when the secretory enzyme activity was illustrated as the percentage released, basal as well as CCK-stimulated amylase and lipase activity were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of the intracellular amylase activity and the secretory amylase activity may be a long-term adaptive response of the pancreas to the reduced carbohydrate composition of the diets. Moreover, the reduction of the secretory amylase activity may be due to reduced intracellular amylase activity rather than to the altered sensitivity of the acinar cells to cholecystokinin. However, we failed to observe a long-term adaptive response of pancreatic lipase to increased fat composition of diets.
Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) Score Predicts Response to Platinum-Containing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Purpose: BRCA1/2-mutated and some sporadic triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have DNA repair defects and are sensitive to DNA-damaging therapeutics. Recently, three independent DNA-based measures of genomic instability were developed on the basis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH), telomeric allelic imbalance (TAI), and large-scale state transitions (LST). Experimental Design: We assessed a combined homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score, an unweighted sum of LOH, TAI, and LST scores, in three neoadjuvant TNBC trials of platinum-containing therapy. We then tested the association of HR deficiency, defined as HRD score ≥42 or BRCA1/2 mutation, with response to platinum-based therapy. Results: In a trial of neoadjuvant platinum, gemcitabine, and iniparib, HR deficiency predicted residual cancer burden score of 0 or I (RCB 0/I) and pathologic complete response (pCR; OR = 4.96, P = 0.0036; OR = 6.52, P = 0.0058). HR deficiency remained a significant predictor of RCB 0/I when adjusted for clinical variables (OR = 5.86, P = 0.012). In two other trials of neoadjuvant cisplatin therapy, HR deficiency predicted RCB 0/I and pCR (OR = 10.18, P = 0.0011; OR = 17.00, P = 0.0066). In a multivariable model of RCB 0/I, HR deficiency retained significance when clinical variables were included (OR = 12.08, P = 0.0017). When restricted to BRCA1/2 nonmutated tumors, response was higher in patients with high HRD scores: RCB 0/I P = 0.062, pCR P = 0.063 in the neoadjuvant platinum, gemcitabine, and iniparib trial; RCB 0/I P = 0.0039, pCR P = 0.018 in the neoadjuvant cisplatin trials. Conclusions: HR deficiency identifies TNBC tumors, including BRCA1/2 nonmutated tumors more likely to respond to platinum-containing therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3764–73. ©2016 AACR.
Tribasic copper chloride and copper sulfate as copper sources for weanling pigs.

We conducted three 28-d experiments involving a total of 915 pigs to assess the relative efficacy of tribasic Cu chloride (Cu2[OH]3Cl) and Cu sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H20) in diets for weanling pigs. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted at an experiment station (University of Kentucky), and Exp. 3 was conducted at a commercial feed company's swine research facilities (United Feeds, Inc.). The basal diet was a fortified corn-soybean meal-dried whey diet (1.25% lysine) with no antimicrobials in Exp. 1 or with carbadox (55 mg/kg) in Exp. 2 and 3. In Exp. 1, 135 pigs were weaned at 27 to 31 d and fed the basal diet without or with 100 or 200 ppm Cu from Cu chloride, or 100 or 200 ppm Cu from Cu sulfate from 7.9 to 17.7 kg BW. The 200 ppm level of Cu from Cu sulfate improved ADG (P < .10), and both levels of Cu from Cu chloride tended to improve feed:gain. In Exp. 2, 150 pigs were weaned at 27 to 31 d and fed the basal diet without or with 100, 150, or 200 ppm Cu from Cu chloride, or 200 ppm Cu from Cu sulfate from 8.9 to 20.8 kg BW. Addition of 200 ppm Cu improved ADG (P < .08) and ADFI (P < .01), but not feed:gain. Source of Cu did not affect performance. In Exp. 3, 630 pigs were weaned at 16 to 20 d and fed a common diet for 10 to 12 d until the start of the experimental period. The same experimental diets as used in Exp. 2 were fed from 9.1 to 25.5 kg BW. Both Cu sources improved ADG (P < .01), and sources and levels of Cu did not differ. Liver Cu increased in pigs fed 200 ppm Cu, and Cu sulfate tended to increase liver Cu more than did Cu chloride in one experiment, but not in another experiment. The results indicate that tribasic Cu chloride is as effective as Cu sulfate in improving growth in weanling pigs.
Review on Food Safety Crisis Governance

Based on the perspective of the enterprise, this paper summarizes the research results of food safety crisis management from three aspects: internal and external crisis incentives prevention strategies, as well as coping behaviors, coping subjects and coping effects, and finds that domestic and foreign scholars specifically target the responsible entities. The research results of crisis management strategies are insufficient, and the set of enterprise prevention and response strategies for food safety crisis needs to be systematic and comprehensive.
Increased asymmetric pulvinar magnetic resonance imaging signals in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with florid plaques following a cadaveric dura mater graft

A 9‐year‐old Japanese girl received a cadaveric dura mater graft during surgery following a head injury with brain contusion. She continued to do well, but when she became 19‐years‐old, she gradually showed a violent character and was treated in a psychiatric hospital. Another 6 years later, 200 months after the procedure, she developed a progressive gait ataxia, which subsequently led to her death within 10 months of onset. An autopsy showed she had CJD. This patient represents an atypical case of dura‐associated CJD (dCJD) with unusual clinicopathological features including the late occurrence of myoclonus, an absence of periodic synchronous discharges in the electroencephalogram, and the presence of widespread florid plaques. However, our detection of an asymmetrical increase in the MRI‐derived images of pulvinar nuclei has not been previously observed in other atypical cases of dCJD. Because atypical dCJD cases share several clinicopathological features with those of vCJD, and because asymmetrical hyperintense signals in the pulvinar have been observed in some neuropathologically confirmed vCJD cases, we had some difficulty in a differential diagnosis between atypical dCJD and vCJD. This is the first atypical dCJD case showing a pulvinar high signal compared with all other basal ganglia on MRI.
Use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco by people with schizophrenia: case–control study

Background Specialised services should be developed to help people with schizophrenia and associated substance misuse. The extent of the problem therefore needs to be known. Aims To determine the use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco by people with schizophrenia drawn from rural, suburban and urban settings, and to compare use by general population control subjects. Method People with schizophrenia (n=316) and general population controls of similar gender distribution, age and postcode area of residence (n=250) were identified in rural, urban and suburban areas of Scotland. Use of drugs and alcohol was assessed by the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, and use of tobacco by a questionnaire. Results More patients than controls reported problem use of drugs in the past year (22 (7%) v. 5 (2%)) and at some time before then (50 (20%) v. 15 (6%)) and problem use of alcohol in the past year (42 (17%) v. 25 (10%)) but not at sometime previously (99 (40%) v. 84 (34%)). More patients were current smokers (162 (65%) v. 99(40%)). Conclusions Problem use of drugs and alcohol by people with schizophrenia is greater than in the general population, but absolute numbers are small. Tobacco use is the greatest problem.
Seasonal and time-of-day variations in acute non-image forming effects of illuminance level on performance, physiology, and subjective well-being

ABSTRACT This study investigated seasonal and time-of-day dependent moderations in the strength and direction of acute diurnal non-image forming (NIF) effects of illuminance level on performance, physiology, and subjective well-being. Even though there are indications for temporal variations in NIF-responsiveness to bright light, scientific insights into potential moderations by season are scarce. We employed a 2 (Light: 165 versus 1700 lx at the eye level, within) × 2 (Season: autumn/winter versus spring, between) × 2 (Time of day: morning versus afternoon, between) mixed-model design. During each of the two 90-min experimental sessions, participants (autumn/winter: N = 34; spring: N = 39) completed four measurement blocks (incl. one baseline block of 120 lx at the eye level) each consisting of a Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and a Backwards Digit-Span Task (BDST) including easy trials (4–6 digits) and difficult trials (7–8 digits). Heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were measured continuously. At the end of each lighting condition, subjective sleepiness, vitality, and mood were measured. The results revealed a clear indication for significant Light * Season interaction effects on both subjective sleepiness and vitality, which appeared only during the morning sessions. Participants felt significantly more vital and less sleepy in winter, but not in spring during bright light exposure in the morning. In line with these subjective parameters, participants also showed significantly better PVT performance in the morning in autumn/winter, but not in spring upon bright light exposure. Surprisingly, for difficult working memory performance, the opposite was found, namely worse performance during bright light exposure in winter, but better performance when exposed to bright light in spring. The effects of bright versus regular light exposure on physiology were quite subtle and largely nonsignificant. Overall, it can be concluded that acute illuminance-induced NIF effects on subjective alertness and vitality as well as objectively measured vigilance in the morning are significantly moderated by season. Possibly, these greater illuminance-induced benefits during the morning sessions in autumn/winter compared to spring occurred due to increased responsiveness to bright light exposure as a function of a relatively low prior light dose in autumn/winter.