Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical approach to internal fault simulation in power transformers based on fault-related incremental currents

A new method for simulating faulted transformers is presented in this paper. Unlike other methods proposed in the literature, this method uses the data obtained from any sound transformer simulation to obtain the damaged condition by simply adding a set of calculated currents. These currents are obtained from the definition of the fault. The model is fully based on determining the incremental values exhibited by the currents in phases and lines from the prefault to the postfault condition. As a consequence, data obtained from simulation of the sound transformer may be readily used to define the damaged condition. The model is described for light and severe faults, introducing this latter feature as a further add-on feature to the low-level faults simulation. The technique avoids the use of complex routines and procedures devoted to specially simulate the internal fault. Of prompt application to relay testing, the proposed analytical model also gives an insight into the fault nature by means of the investigation of symmetrical components. In contrast with its low complexity, the method has shown to present large accuracy for simulating the fault performance.
The Emergence of Econophysics: A New Approach in Modern Financial Theory

Financial economics and mathematical finance are the two traditional scientific disciplines that constitute modern financial theory. Although they still largely dominate modern financial theory, in the past few years a new “player” has increasingly been making itself felt and could lead to a rethinking of some of the theoretical foundations of modern financial theory. This new player is econophysics. Econophysics is a very recent movement that is beginning to interest increasing numbers of financial practitioners. To date, no history of econophysics has been produced. This article aims at filling this gap. It analyzes the theoretical foundations of econophysics and their connections with the history of financial economics. It also explores the reasons underlying the emergence of econophysics and explains how econophysics has become the third component of modern financial theory.
Logistics IoT services development with a sensor toolkit in an experiential training environment

The more complex processes, the higher need for process transparency through high-quality real-time data. The steadily improvement of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies during the last years ensures this process transparency and the IoT vision of an interconnected world of objects is about to become reality. However, although these technologies allow real-time data collection, the potential of IoT technologies is not yet fully understood by all stakeholders. Furthermore, technology novices have difficulties participating in development processes and consequently prevent case-specific and relevant services from being described. This paper describes how an IoT toolkit can be used for collaborative service development. The toolkit incorporates the possibility of configuring IoT and `designing own algorithms' without coding skills. This will allow IoT novices to understand sensor and actuator networks; consequently, needed sensors can be selected and individual algorithms can be defined based on individual associations.
The effects of call-like masking diminish after nightly exposure to conspecific choruses in green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea)

ABSTRACT One of the major difficulties encountered by animals that select mates using acoustic signals is discriminating individual calls from the background noise generated by other conspecifics. Reducing the effects of conspecific masking could improve discrimination of individual calls from background noise. We used auditory evoked potentials to investigate the effects of forward masking on the responses to artificial calls in male and female treefrogs (Hyla cinerea), as well as whether hearing advertisement calls over several nights, as happens in natural frog choruses, could modify the effects of masking. We found that response amplitude decreased with decreasing interstimulus interval when the masker was equal in amplitude to the stimulus. We also found evidence of a priming effect, whereby response amplitude at lower masker amplitudes was greater than when the target stimulus was not preceded by a masker. Finally, we found that the effect of masking was diminished by 10 nights of chorus exposure (i.e. responses were stronger to target stimuli), whereas there was no change in response in the control group. Our results show that hearing dynamic social stimuli, such as frog choruses, can alter the responses of the auditory periphery in a way that could enhance the detection of and response to conspecific acoustic communication signals. Summary: Hearing dynamic social stimuli, like frog choruses, can alter the responses of the auditory periphery in a way that could enhance detection of and response to conspecific acoustic communication.
The pattern of genomic gains in salivary gland MALT lymphomas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Salivary gland mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas typically lack chromosomal translocations and the molecular genetics underlying their development is unknown. The aim of this sudy was to investigate chromosomal changes in these lymphomas. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed comparative genomic hybridisation using DNA samples extracted from microdissected tumour cells in 19 salivary gland MALT lymphomas. Recurrent chromosomal changes were further verified by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS Chromosomal gains were much more common than losses. Recurrent gains were found at 1p32-ter (42%), 9q33-34 (84%), 11q11-13 (42%), 17 (58%) and 18q21-22 (42%). Among these, the recurrent gains at 9q34, 11q11-13 and 18q21 were nearly the exclusive gain of the corresponding chromosome. Notably, chromosomal gains at 9q34, 11q13 and 18q21 were frequently concurrent, with 12/19 cases affecting at least two of the three loci. The genomic gains at these chromosomal regions were further confirmed by interphase FISH with probes targeting the TRAF2 and CARD9 (9q34), RELA and CCND1 (11q13), and MALT1 (18q21) loci. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Salivary gland MALT lymphomas show a conserved pattern of chromosomal gains, which appear to target genes positively modulating cell survival and proliferation.
Environmental drivers of spatial variation in whole‐tree transpiration in an aspen‐dominated upland‐to‐wetland forest gradient

Assumed representative center‐of‐stand measurements are typical inputs to models that scale forest transpiration to stand and regional extents. These inputs do not consider gradients in transpiration at stand boundaries or along moisture gradients and therefore potentially bias the large‐scale estimates. We measured half‐hourly sap flux (JS) for 173 trees in a spatially explicit cyclic sampling design across a topographically controlled gradient between a forested wetland and upland forest in northern Wisconsin. Our analyses focused on three dominant species in the site: quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx), speckled alder (Alnus incana (DuRoi) Spreng), and white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). Sapwood area (AS) was used to scale JS to whole tree transpiration (EC). Because spatial patterns imply underlying processes, geostatistical analyses were employed to quantify patterns of spatial autocorrelation across the site. A simple Jarvis type model parameterized using a Monte Carlo sampling approach was used to simulate EC (EC−SIM). EC−SIM was compared with observed EC(EC−OBS) and found to reproduce both the temporal trends and spatial variance of canopy transpiration. EC−SIM was then used to examine spatial autocorrelation as a function of environmental drivers. We found no spatial autocorrelation in JS across the gradient from forested wetland to forested upland. EC was spatially autocorrelated and this was attributed to spatial variation in AS which suggests species spatial patterns are important for understanding spatial estimates of transpiration. However, the range of autocorrelation in EC−SIM decreased linearly with increasing vapor pressure deficit, implying that consideration of spatial variation in the sensitivity of canopy stomatal conductance to D is also key to accurately scaling up transpiration in space.
An Organic Anion Transporter 1 (OAT1)-centered Metabolic Network *

There has been a recent interest in the broader physiological importance of multispecific “drug” transporters of the SLC and ABC transporter families. Here, a novel multi-tiered systems biology approach was used to predict metabolites and signaling molecules potentially affected by the in vivo deletion of organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1, Slc22a6, originally NKT), a major kidney-expressed drug transporter. Validation of some predictions in wet-lab assays, together with re-evaluation of existing transport and knock-out metabolomics data, generated an experimentally validated, confidence ranked set of OAT1-interacting endogenous compounds enabling construction of an “OAT1-centered metabolic interaction network. ” Pathway and enrichment analysis indicated an important role for OAT1 in metabolism involving: the TCA cycle, tryptophan and other amino acids, fatty acids, prostaglandins, cyclic nucleotides, odorants, polyamines, and vitamins. The partly validated reconstructed network is also consistent with a major role for OAT1 in modulating metabolic and signaling pathways involving uric acid, gut microbiome products, and so-called uremic toxins accumulating in chronic kidney disease. Together, the findings are compatible with the hypothesized role of drug transporters in remote inter-organ and inter-organismal communication: The Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis (Nigam, S. K. (2015) Nat. Rev. Drug Disc. 14, 29). The fact that OAT1 can affect many systemic biological pathways suggests that drug-metabolite interactions need to be considered beyond simple competition for the drug transporter itself and may explain aspects of drug-induced metabolic syndrome. Our approach should provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of OAT1 and other drug transporters implicated in metabolic diseases like gout, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease.
A Comparison of Bayesian and Frequentist Model Selection Methods for Factor Analysis Models

We compare the performances of well-known frequentist model fit indices (MFIs) and several Bayesian model selection criteria (MCC) as tools for cross-loading selection in factor analysis under low to moderate sample sizes, cross-loading sizes, and possible violations of distributional assumptions. The Bayesian criteria considered include the Bayes factor (BF), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), a Bayesian leave-one-out with Pareto smoothed importance sampling (LOO-PSIS), and a Bayesian variable selection method using the spike-and-slab prior (SSP; Lu, Chow, & Loken, 2016). Simulation results indicate that of the Bayesian measures considered, the BF and the BIC showed the best balance between true positive rates and false positive rates, followed closely by the SSP. The LOO-PSIS and the DIC showed the highest true positive rates among all the measures considered, but with elevated false positive rates. In comparison, likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) are still the preferred frequentist model comparison tool, except for their higher false positive detection rates compared to the BF, BIC and SSP under violations of distributional assumptions. The root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) and the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) at the conventional cut-off of approximate fit impose much more stringent “penalties” on model complexity under conditions with low cross-loading size, low sample size, and high model complexity compared with the LRTs and all other Bayesian MCC. Nevertheless, they provided a reasonable alternative to the LRTs in cases where the models cannot be readily constructed as nested within each other.
SPRINT Trial Results: Latest News in Hypertension Management.

We thank the editors of Hypertension for the invitation to discuss aspects of the recently published Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01206062) main results.1 This commentary focuses on generalizability of the findings and what is known about serious adverse effects that may be related to the SPRINT intervention. SPRINT compared the effects of antihypertensive treatment with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) target of <120 mm Hg (intensive treatment) versus <140 mm Hg (standard treatment) in 9361 hypertensive adults ≥50 years of age who had an average SBP of 130–180 mm Hg (the acceptable upper limit decreasing as the number of pretrial antihypertensive medications increased) and were at additional risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). 2 SPRINT was designed to recruit study participants with an average CVD risk of ≈2% per year, equivalent to a Framingham 10-year CVD risk score of 20%. The main finding in SPRINT was that a primary composite outcome of myocardial infarction, non–myocardial infarction acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, and CVD death was reduced by ≈25% in the intensive treatment group compared with the standard treatment group. Similarly, all-cause mortality was reduced by ≈27% in the intensive treatment group. During follow-up, the mean SBP was 121.5 mm Hg in the intensive treatment group and 134.6 mm Hg in the standard treatment group.1 Although many classes of medications were available, emphasis was placed on using classes with the best outcomes in large clinical trials: thiazide-type diuretics, calcium channels blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Other agents, including spironolactone, amiloride, β-blockers, vasodilators, or α-receptor blockers, could be added if necessary. The mean numbers of antihypertensive medications were 2.8 and 1.8 in the intensive treatment and standard treatment groups, respectively. On balance, the intensive intervention was well tolerated. The trial …
Development of topographic asymmetry: Insights from dated cinder cones in the western United States

Topographic asymmetry, that is, differences in the morphology of landscapes as a function of slope aspect, can be used to infer ecohydrogeomorphic feedback relationships. In this study, we document the dependence of topographic gradients and drainage densities on slope aspect and time/age in four Quaternary cinder cone fields in Arizona, Oregon, and California. Cinder cones are particularly useful as natural experiments in geomorphic evolution because they begin their evolution at a known time in the past (many have been radiometrically dated) and because they often have simple, well‐constrained initial morphologies. North‐facing portions of cinder cones have steeper topographic gradients and higher mean vegetation cover (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI, values) under current climatic conditions compared with corresponding south‐facing portions of cones within each volcanic field. Drainage density is also higher on north‐facing portions of cones in three of the four volcanic fields. These differences in topography were not present initially but developed progressively over time, indicating that the asymmetry is a result of post‐eruption geomorphic processes. To test alternative hypotheses for the slope‐aspect control of topography, we developed a numerical model for cinder cone evolution and a methodology for estimating local paleovegetation cover as a function of elevation, slope aspect, and time within the Quaternary. The numerical model results demonstrate that rates of colluvial transport were higher on south‐facing hillslopes in at least three of the four cinder cones fields. Our paleovegetation analysis suggests that in the two Arizona volcanic fields we studied, higher rates of colluvial transport on south‐facing hillslopes were the result of greater time‐averaged vegetation cover and hence higher rates of sediment transport by floral bioturbation. Our results illustrate the profound impact that relatively small variations in solar insolation can have on landscapes via feedbacks among hydrology, vegetation cover, and sediment transport.
Easily testable and fault-tolerant design of FFT butterfly networks

In this paper, we first propose a testable design scheme for FFT butterfly networks based on M-testability conditions. Based on them, a novel design-for-testability approach is presented and applied to the module-level systolic FFT arrays. Our M-testability conditions guarantee 100% single-module-fault testability with a minimum number of test patterns. Based on this testable design, a reconfiguration mechanism is used to bypass the faulty cell and the testable/fault-tolerant FFT networks are constructed. Special cell designs are presented which implement the reconfiguration mechanism. The reliability of the FFT system increases significantly. The chip design for the bit-level butterfly module is presented. The hardware overhead is low - about 12% for the bit-level design. For the module-level design, it leads to a lower hardware overhead (about 1/2N, where N is the computation point).
Patient blood management: from blood-sparing techniques to the rationale use of blood products.

DOI:10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834e86c5 Modern medicine aims for best practice, but finds itself in the dilemma of economic and resourcesrelated burden. As a consequence, not only politicians, but also physicians are forced to restrict their interventions to situations in which they are really necessary and clearly indicated. In this context, the transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) has been repeatedly analyzed, and many different authors postulate that a considerable amount of RBC transfusions could be avoided if all blood-sparing techniques available are used, resulting in a reduction of costs [1]. However, the term ‘blood sparing’ is misleading and even connected to negative associations; it suggests that the aim of the measures used is mainly to save blood, and consequently to save money. This point of view is problematic because patients do not want economic ideas to restrict their therapy, and by that, probably even prolong their healing process. The same is also true for physicians; nobody wants to provide the cheapest, but everybody wants to provide the best medical care available. Therefore, it is possible that the incorrect presumption arises that this aim can only be reached if expensive blood products are used, as the more expensive a therapeutic regime, the more effective it should be. The term ‘sparing’ suggests inferiority and connects all associated measures to this attribute. But is this really true? There is a large amount of data accumulating that transfusions are associated with negative outcome in many different situations, and should, therefore, be avoided [2]. Many different authors concordantly describe that in case of bleeding the number of blood transfusions administered is an independent predictor of mortality. Although nearly all of these studies fail to demonstrate causality, one might guess that the side-effects of blood transfusions should limit a more liberal usage. As a consequence, tolerance of more severe anemia seems to be a promising alternative. In contrast to this, there is also a large amount of data that anemia is an independent risk factor of morbidity and an important predictor of mortality in many different patient populations and should, therefore, also be avoided [3].
Transneuronal degeneration of beta retinal ganglion cells in the cat

Transneuronal retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells was investigated following neonatal visual cortex ablation in the cat. After a survival time of at least 18 months, retinal ganglion cells projecting to the thalamus were labelled by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Filled ganglion cells were classified into α, β and γ types on the basis of dendritic morphology. In normal cats, α cells made up 8-10% of the total population in the sample area, β cells made up 64-67% and γ cells made up 23-27%. In retinae of visual cortex-ablated cats, normal numbers of α and γ cells were present, but the β cell population was depleted by 90% of normal. Thalamic projections of surviving retinal ganglion cells were investigated by anterograde transport of tritiated proline injected into the eye. In these animals, ablation of visual cortex resulted in almost complete degeneration of laminae A and A1 of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. In the radioautographic material, projections from the retina to the degenerated parts of laminae A and A1 were barely detectable. Survival of some ganglion cell populations and death of others after neonatal visual cortex ablation may be explained in terms of the pattern of projections of the different cell types. We conclude that the majority of β cells degenerate following visual cortex ablation because of removal of cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus which form their sole or principal target. Alpha and γ cells and 10% of β-cells survive because of extensive collateral projections to targets other than cells of the laminae A and A1 of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.
An Expanded Study of Net Generation Perceptions on Privacy and Security on Social Networking Sites (SNS)

Social networking on the Internet continues to be a frequent avenue of communication, especially among Net Generation consumers, giving benefits both personal and professional. The benefits may be eventually hindered by issues in information gathering and sharing on social networking sites. This study evaluates the perceptions of students taking a required university-core computing course in an expanded and new survey at a leading northeast institution on facets of privacy of marketplace social networking sites, relative to internal information gathering and sharing on the sites. Findings from the survey continue to demonstratively indicate less knowledge of personal information gathering and sharing techniques on the sites, notably in privacy and security statements, than of the popular sociality of the sites. These findings furnish impetus into the continued improvement of curricula in the disciplines of information systems and non-information systems, in order to educate students on often overlooked dimensions of social networking on the Internet.
The 30th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture: Fact, Artefact, and Myth about Blindsight

Blindsight is the ability, still controversial if a vote is taken, of subjects with clinically blind field defects to detect, localize, and discriminate visual stimuli of which the subjects say they are completely unaware—the original definition—or of which they might be aware but not in the sense of experiencing a visual percept. These two conditions are known as blindsight Types I and II. This Bartlett lecture narrates the discovery of blindsight and its mounting opposition, and it evaluates the continuing and often perplexing debate about its standing as a visual cognitive phenomenon.
Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Expert Recommendations, India: The Indian Recommendations for Best Practice in Insulin Injection Technique, 2017

Health-care professionals in India frequently manage injection or infusion therapies in persons with diabetes (PWD). Patients taking insulin should know the importance of proper needle size, correct injection process, complication avoidance, and all other aspects of injection technique from the first visit onward. To assist health-care practitioners in their clinical practice, Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Expert Recommendations, India, has updated the practical advice and made it more comprehensive evidence-based best practice information. Adherence to these updated recommendations, learning, and translating them into clinical practice should lead to effective therapies, improved outcomes, and lower costs for PWD.