Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species diversity and conservation status of amphibians in Madre de Dios, southern Peru.

—This study focuses on amphibian species diversity in the lowland Amazonian rainforest of southern Peru, and on the importance of protected and non-protected areas for maintaining amphibian assemblages in this region. We compared species lists from nine sites in the Madre de Dios region, five of which are in nationally recognized protected areas and four are outside the country’s protected area system. Los Amigos, occurring outside the protected area system, is the most species-rich locality included in our comparison. Overall, species similarity is relatively high among various localities in Madre de Dios. Among the 114 species recorded in Madre de Dios, nine (7.9%) have only been recorded on land outside of protected areas. This number emphasizes the need to conserve additional sites in the region, especially in the face of rapid habitat destruction. In addition, preliminary results from comparisons of species richness and abundance at the Los Amigos site suggest that forest type may affect the species composition, abundance, and distribution of amphibians at the local scale (area < 1000 ha). These results have wider implications for reserve design and habitat conservation decisions. We also present data on the conservation status of the amphibians of Madre de Dios according to IUCN and CITES categories.
The 4 D-Model 1 The 4 D-Model of Trauma-Related Dissociation : Validating a Novel Theoretical Framework Through an Attachment-Oriented Approach

A recent framework known as the 4D-Model of Trauma-related Dissociation (Frewen & Lanius, 2014) differentiates between symptoms of clinically significant distress based on whether the symptoms do or do not intrinsically exemplify trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC). Undergraduate students (n = 342) participated in an online survey and completed several measures assessing childhood experiences and psychological symptoms. Female PTSD patients (n = 25) completed similar measures before entering treatment. Within the student sample, NWC symptoms were endorsed as occurring more frequently than TRASC symptoms. On average, symptoms of NWC were more strongly intercorrelated than symptoms of TRASC. Symptoms of TRASC were more strongly correlated with Traumatic Dissociation Scale (TDS) total scores; however, this difference was not significant. The four dimensions of TRASC incremented over the four NWC dimensions in predicting total scores of the TDS, and the reverse was not true. NWC and TRASC symptoms were both weakly correlated with Dissociative Experiences Scale-Brief scores. Although symptoms of TRASC were more strongly correlated with CARTS scores, only the Body dimension (i.e., depersonalization) was significant. Support for the 4D-Model was not as strong within the patient sample. Symptoms of NWC were endorsed as occurring more frequently than TRASC symptoms. However, in contrast to the student sample, symptoms of NWC were not more highly intercorrelated than TRASC symptoms, TRASC symptoms were not correlated stronger with TDS total scores, and TRASC symptoms were not correlated stronger with CARTS subscale scores than were NWC symptoms. Limitations, future directions, and implications are discussed.
Iterative Design of Adaptive Tabletop Dish Recommendation by Real-time Recognition of Dining Status

This paper presents a series of smart dining ta- bles named "Future Dining Table. " The system recommends dishes to the user visually during dining according to his/her context. This is achieved by real-time recognition of the user's dining activity and the food remains, and by using its history. The system is supposed to be useful where repeated dish orders take place while the number of serve staffs is not enough. Evaluations are given in the recognition accuracies of eating action and food remains, which confirmed the sys- tem's practicality 1 .
Studying the Barriers of Women’s Progress in the Organization & Its Impact on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: A Case Study at Tehran Tax Organization

Research shows that only 14% of women holding managerial posts in Iran. This rate is very low when compared with other countries. In connection with this problem, this paper aims to study the obstacles in women's progress in the organization and its impact on organizational commitment and job satisfaction of Members of Tehran Tax Organization Staff. For this purpose a comparative method correlation type has been applied. The number of the population sampled based on randomized method is equal to 120 personnel of the said organization. The questionnaire which was used for the purpose of this research is made up of two parts. The first part includes demographic questions and the second part relates to the questionnaires for job satisfaction (α=0.76.8), organizational commitment (α=0.87) and restrictions on the women's progress at the organization (α=0.8492). For the purpose of the qualitative analysis of the general data from the first part of the questionnaire a descriptive statistical method was used and In order to determine the significant relationship between the general questions of the questionnaire and the assumptions of the research the T- Test and Variance Analysis were employed. The findings of this research show that the highest correlation coefficient has related to the relationship between the managers' negative attitude and female gender and the lowest rate was for the relationship between the managers' negative attitude and women's technical skills and abilities. Besides, the results of the correlation coefficient show that the most important factor hindering the women's job promotion are the cultural, socio-cultural and social factors affecting the managers' views and attitude.
FIRST RECORD OF COOPERATIVE BREEDING IN A THRYOTHORUS WREN

Abstract Although offspring delay dispersal past the age of independence in many Thryothorus species, cooperative breeding has not been recorded in this genus. Here, I present the first observation of cooperative breeding in a Thryothorus wren (Buff-breasted Wren, T. leucotis). Of 41 offspring that delayed dispersal past the age of independence, 4 individuals stayed on their natal territory until their parent's next breeding attempt, indicating a low potential for cooperative breeding. Of these four individuals, one male provisioned 11- to 15-day-old nestlings and one female approached her parents' nest but was repeatedly driven away from it by her father. The retained female was apparently tolerated when in the vicinity of fledglings, but feeding was never positively confirmed.
On analysis of Invariant Characteristic for Moment Invariant Techniques

PMAE1 for KMI is the lowest with 0.1%-0.5% of error while LMI 8%-25% and ZMI 8%-38% consecutively. Similarly with PMAE2 results, KMI error is between 0.001%-0.9% while for LMI and ZMI is 0.5%-40% and 0.3%-44%. We demonstrate the effectiveness of IEC in examining the invariant properties of the moment techniques.
Patterns of basic density variation for Pinus radiata grown in south-west slopes region of New South Wales, Australia

Patterns of change from pith to bark and the distribution of variability in density across forest areas, sites, and trees were determined using data from breast-height cores taken from harvest-age Pinus radiata D. Don (ages 28 to 37 years) as part of a resource survey of four forest areas in the south-west slopes area of New South Wales. Seventeen of the sample sites had been thinned, one site was a thinning trial, and the other two sites were unthinned but matched to two of the thinned sites to determine the effects of thinning. Pith to bark cores were cut into five-ring segments and extracted basic density was determined for each segment. Little difference in average basic density was found between the forest areas, particularly for the first 10 rings adjacent to the pith. The major source of variability was between trees within each site — this accounted for 77–92% of the total variation at each age. Thinning had no discernible significant effect on density at any age. Density in the outermost five-ring segment (corresponding to ages 23–28 to 32–37 years) was poorly predicted by juvenile core density (inner 10 rings), indicating little opportunity for forward or backward prediction of density.
Inference about the indirect effect: a likelihood approach

Prior research for constructing confidence intervals for an indirect effect has focused on a Wald statistic. In this paper, however, the inference problem is analyzed from a likelihood ratio (LR) perspective. When testing the null hypothesis $H_{0}:\ \alpha \beta =0$, the LR test statistic leads to the minimum of two t-ratios, whose size can be controlled. A confidence interval is obtained by inverting the LR statistic. Another confidence interval is obtained by inverting the sum of two pivotal t-statistics. In the Monte Carlo simulations, this latter confidence interval is the best performer: it outperforms the commonly used existing methods.
MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY WITH BIOTIC STRESS RESISTANCES OF HIGH 1000-GRAIN WEIGHT SYNTHETIC HEXAPLOID WHEATS

Accumulation of favorable characteristics from the genetic resources of Triticeae and their exploitation for bread wheat improvement has always been the main thrust of wheat breeding programs. Harnessing the genetic diversity for yield contributing characteristics has recently diverted the attention of wheat breeders to utilize synthetic hexaploids (SHs) in their programs where one factor being exploited is the high thousand grain weight diversity present in SHs. This requires generating a wide array of data for economically important descriptors which will ultimately permit the acceptance of the synthetic hexaploids with favorable traits. In the present investigation synthetic hexaploids having higher grain weight are characterized and their genetic diversity elucidated to prove that synthetics with higher 1000-grain weight had different genetic makeup to substantiate the view that utilization of SHs for yield improvement will widen the genetic base of the bred derivatives leading to future varietal development. Of the morphological parameters days to flowering/days to physiological maturity and plant height are important for plant selection and progeny advance. Coupled with 1000 kernel weight diversity with these parameters synthetics have been identified for breeding utilization to cover both irrigated and rainfed (drought) cultivation areas. All the synthetics studied had karnal bunt resistance and 62% possessed resistance to prevailing strains of stripe rust which make them available to improve the yield potential of bread wheat in areas where these two biotic stresses are wheat production constraints. Further the utilization approach of synthetic hexaploids for wheat improvement is also discussed.
Femtosecond Time-Resolved Studies on the Reaction Pathways for the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Photodynamic Therapy by Indocyanine Green

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes the combination of light and a photosensitizing drug to cause tissue damages, has emerged as a novel clinical approach for the treatment of numerous cancers, as well as some other non-malignant conditions. Although a few photosensitizers have been approved for clinical uses, the mechanism of drug action, especially the initial photochemical reactions that lead to the formation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is still not well understood. Moreover, the PDT efficiency of currently used drugs is limited due to the strong attenuation of light by tissues in the wavelength range of 630-690 nm, where these drugs are photo-activated. Photosensitizers which are sensitive to near infrared (NIR) light are believed to be able to overcome this limitation. In this thesis work, the molecular mechanism of action of indocyanine green (ICG), a potential NIR PDT drug, was investigated using our femtosecond time-resolved laser spectroscopy. Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence decay profiles of ICG in water were obtained using the fluorescence up-conversion technique. The lifetime of ICG excited singlet state was determined to be about 150 ps, directly from the fluorescence decay kinetic traces. The excited triplet-state yield of ICG in water was found to be extremely low, according to the result of the ground-state bleaching recovery measurement. This observation is contrary to the conventional understanding that the ROS would be generated mainly from the excited triplet state of the photosensitizer and, therefore, suggests the existence of a new reaction pathway. Pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy was applied to study the reaction between ICG and oxygen in more details. The results reveal that the formation of ICG and oxygen ground-state complexes ([ICG]m:[O2]n) is a key step in the generation of the ROS. Electron transfer from the excited singlet state of ICG to oxygen has been proposed to be a possible pathway for the generation of ROS.
Compound‐Adhesive Manufacture as a Behavioral Proxy for Complex Cognition in the Middle Stone Age

Compound adhesives were made in southern Africa at least 70,000 years ago, where they were used to attach similarly shaped stone segments to hafts. Mental rotation, a capacity implying advanced working‐memory capacity, was required to place the segments in various positions to create novel weapons and tools. The compound glues used to fix the segments to shafts are made from disparate ingredients, using an irreversible process. The steps required for compound‐adhesive manufacture demonstrate multitasking and the use of abstraction and recursion. As is the case in recursive language, the artisan needed to hold in mind what was previously done in order to carry out what was still needed. Cognitive fluidity enabled people to do and think several things at the same time, for example, mix glue from disparate ingredients, mentally rotate segments, talk, and maintain fire temperature. Thus, there is a case for attributing advanced mental abilities to people who lived 70,000 years ago in Africa without necessarily invoking symbolic behavior.
Heavy Metal Ion Stress on Halobacterium salinarum R1 Planktonic Cells and Biofilms

Halobacterium salinarum R1 is an extremely halophilic archaeon, able to attach to the surface and to form characteristic biofilm structures under physiological conditions. However, the effect of environmental stress factors like heavy metals on biofilms was still unknown. Here, we report on the first insights into H. salinarum biofilm formation when exposed to copper, nickel and zinc and describe the effects of metal ions on the architecture of mature biofilms. We also studied the effects on gene expression in planktonic cells. Investigation of planktonic growth and cell adhesion in the presence of sub-lethal metal concentrations yielded an up to 60% reduced adhesion in case of copper and a significantly enhanced adhesion in case of zinc, whereas nickel treatment had no effect on adhesion. A PMA-qPCR assay was developed to quantify live/dead cells in planktonic cultures and mature biofilms, enabling the investigation of cell vitality after metal exposure. An increased resistance was observed in biofilms with up to 80% in case of copper- and up to 50% in case of zinc exposure compared to planktonic cells. However, nickel-treated biofilms showed no significant increase of cell survival. Microscopic investigation of the architecture of mature biofilms exposed to lethal metal concentrations demonstrated an increased detachment and the formation of large microcolonies after copper treatment, whereas the number of adherent cells increased strongly in nickel-exposed biofilms. In contrast, zinc exposed-biofilms showed no differences compared to the control. Analysis of the expression of genes encoding putative metal transporters by qRT-PCR revealed specific changes upon treatment of the cells with heavy metals. Our results demonstrate diverse effects of heavy metal ions on H. salinarum and imply a metal-specific protective response of cells in biofilms.
Why Continuing Education in eHealth

Continuing Education in health informatics is suggested as a necessary part of achieving suitable IS in the health sector in order to address the long term needs of the health professions, the providers and those who design and maintain the ICTs. Our approach is to include both healthcare workers and those working with health ICT in our educational program so that they may to learn together. The aim is to harness relevant experiences through reflection and learning both during their studies and in their future work practices.
Victimization and perpetration in cyber and in-person aggression among young adults in intimate relationship

v List of tables . viii Chapter 1: The Problem . 1 Purpose of the Study . 2 Research Questions . 3 Hypotheses . 3 Significance of the Study . 3 Limitations . 3 Assumptions . 4 Definition of Terms.4 Bullying.4 Cyber Aggression.4 Cyber Victimization . 4 Intimate Partner . 5 Intimate Partner Violence . 5 Social Networking Sites . 5 Overview of the Study . 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 6 Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) . 6 Prevalence of IPV . 7 Gender Differences . 8 Cyber Aggression.10
Relationships between Species Diversity and Biomass in Mountainous Habitats in Zagros Rangeland (Case Study: Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran)

Species diversity, richness and biomasses (aboveground biomass) and their relationships are the key variables of ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of Species Diversity (SD) and Species Richness (SR) with Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) at a local scale at 5 different habitats (shrubland, forbland, grassland, shrub-forbland and forb-shrubland) in Zagros mountains in west of Iran (2015). For each habitat, 50 plots (2m2) were determined. SD was estimated by Shannon–Wiener’s index, SR was defined as the number of species per plot and AGB was detected per unit of area (gm-2). Results indicated that all of relationship patterns existed in these habitats. The unimodal relationship was found in shrub-forbland and forb-shrubland whereas the relationship of SD/SR vs.AGB in shrubland was linear and negative, and in forbland and grassland, it was positive. There were many complex and variable mechanisms dealing with the SD/SR vs. AGB relationship. The unimodal relationship indicates that SR and SD peaked at intermediate levels of AGB, and it is an inherent attribute of the spatially heterogeneous habitats affected by life forms, micro-sites, facilitation and competition. The positive linear was related to positive response of SD, SR and AGB to environmental factors or because of any reason (grazing, disturbance level…), the AGB may not reach to the highest possible level; thus, it may only show a positive relationship. When SD and AGB are affected in the opposite directions by environmental factors such as soil fertility, negative patterns may be caused. The negative pattern represents short gradients indicating a similar species composition among plots. Greater R2 in SD vs. AGB than SR vs. AGB at all habitats showed that evenness and richness (components of SD) are more important than just SR; thus, SD vs. AGB relationship is better and more reliable to predict the variations (SD and AGB).
HIGH ORDER NUMERICAL QUADRATURES TO ONE DIMENSIONAL DELTA FUNCTION INTEGRALS

We study high order numerical quadratures to one dimensional delta function integrals in this paper. This is motivated by the fact that traditional numerical quadratures give only first order accuracy in general. We provide criteria on discrete delta functions and support size formulas which ensure any desired accuracy of the numerical quadratures. Discrete delta functions and support size formulas satisfying these criteria are designed. Numerical examples are presented to verify the performed analysis and the high order accuracy of the proposed numerical quadratures.
Wind generation’s contribution to supporting peak electricity demand – meteorological insights

Wind generation’s contribution to meeting extreme peaks in electricity demand is a key concern for the integration of wind power. In Great Britain (GB), robustly assessing this contribution directly from power system data (i.e. metered wind-supply and electricity demand) is difficult as extreme peaks occur infrequently (by definition) and measurement records are both short and inhomogeneous. Atmospheric circulation-typing combined with meteorological reanalysis data is proposed as a means to address some of these difficulties, motivated by a case study of the extreme peak demand events in January 2010. A preliminary investigation of the physical and statistical properties of these circulation types suggests that they can be used to identify the conditions that are most likely to be associated with extreme peak demand events. Three broad cases are highlighted as requiring further investigation. The high-over-Britain anticyclone is found to be generally associated with very low winds but relatively moderate temperatures (and therefore moderate peak demands, somewhat in contrast to the classic low-wind cold snap that is sometimes apparent in the literature). In contrast, both longitudinally extended blocking over Scotland/Scandinavia and latitudinally extended troughs over western Europe appear to be more closely linked to the very cold GB temperatures (usually associated with extreme peak demands). In both of these latter situations, wind resource averaged across GB appears to be more moderate.
Fluorescence Tuning Using Conjugated Aromatic Imine Systems

The fluorescent conjugated aromatic imine derivatives are systematically designed and synthesized as the high yield through the simple one-pot condensation reaction. The emission of the synthesized conjugated aromatic imine derivatives can be tuned efficiently in the range of about 100 nm by the change of electron donating groups constituting parent molecule, which shows the considerable quantum yields from 0.38 to 0.56.
Robust Estimation of the Location Parameter from a Two-Parameter Exponential Distribution

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the location parameter of a two parameter exponential distribution in case of contaminated data. Since in this case the sample minimum is an extremely unreliable estimator, robust alternatives are necessary. We investigate two types of estimators closer. The first type is based on a simple relation for the median. The second type has originally been suggested for Type-II-censored samples, but it also has good robustness properties. We discuss the breakdown properties of the two types of estimators and compare their performance for various patterns of data contamination in an extensive simulation study.
EFFECT OF IMPURITIES ON SOLAR CELL PARAMETERS IN INTENTIONALLY CONTAMINATED MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON

Multicrystalline silicon blocks, intentionally contaminated with iron and copper, had been cast and characterized by the twelve German research institutes working together with twelve German companies in the network project SolarFocus. The results of the lifetime measurements, NAA, FTIR analysis, DLTS/MCTS investigations, determination and simulation of the Fei content, solar cell processing, shunt and microscopic investigations are presented in this paper. The combined analysis reveals the influence of the in-diffusion of metal impurities from the crucible as well as the back-diffusion from the top region of the block. Solar cell efficiency is influenced by multiple recombination active defects as well as shunts induced by a high metal contamination.