Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Concept based Indexing Technique for Search Engine

Objectives: To find a better indexing method of search engine for better information retrieval. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Indexing technique is very important part of any search engine or information retrieval system. There are many indexing techniques proposed earlier but they are not accurately retrieving information from the database. In this paper we are trying to propose a new indexing technique for maximizing attempt to get proper information according to search query by the information retrieval system. There are many different parts to a search engine index, such as design factors and data structures. When a search engine index is being built, there are also many different types of data structures to choose from. Some well known data structures are suffix tree, tree, inverted index, Citation index, Ngram index, Term document matrix, which are all used for different type of index designing for search engine. In this paper combination of different existing indexing methods has been used to form a new indexing technique. Findings: The experimental results described in the paper show that the accuracy of search results using S-N Indexing methods is 5% better than existing search engine indexing techniques. Application/Improvements: In this paper we are trying to design an indexing technique which is combination of Ngram index and suffix tree index for better information retrieval process by search engines. So, proposed method of indexing technique can improve searching results with more accurate and more related way.
SMAC mimetics promote NIK-dependent inhibition of CD4+ TH17 cell differentiation

By promoting noncanonical NF-κB signaling, SMAC mimetics can reprogram CD4+ T helper cell differentiation and curb autoimmunity. SMACing down TH17 cells Currently in clinical trials for cancer therapy, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics (SMs) target inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) for degradation and sensitize tumors to tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α)–dependent cell death (see the Focus by Dougan and Dougan). In addition, SMs synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors to promote durable tumor immunity in mice. Using a multiomics approach, Rizk et al. found that SMs altered CD4+ T helper (TH) cell differentiation. In vitro, SMs reduced TH17 cell differentiation in an NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK)–dependent manner and increased the differentiation of TH9 and TH2 cells producing IL-9 and IL-13. SMs reduced the production of IL-17 and disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. This study defines how these targeted agents alter T cell function and suggests that they may have therapeutic activity in TH17 cell–driven autoimmune diseases. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics (SMs) are selective antagonists of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which activate noncanonical NF-κB signaling and promote tumor cell death. Through gene expression analysis, we found that treatment of CD4+ T cells with SMs during T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation disrupted the balance between two antagonistic transcription factor modules. Moreover, proteomics analysis revealed that SMs altered the abundance of proteins associated with cell cycle, mitochondrial activity, and the balance between canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Whereas SMs inhibited interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and ameliorated TH17 cell–driven inflammation, they stimulated IL-22 secretion. Mechanistically, SM-mediated activation of NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) and the transcription factors RelB and p52 directly suppressed Il17a expression and IL-17A protein production, as well as the expression of a number of other immune genes. Induction of IL-22 production correlated with the NIK-dependent reduction in cMAF protein abundance and the enhanced activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Last, SMs also increased IL-9 and IL-13 production and, under competing conditions, favored the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into TH2 cells rather than TH17 cells. These results demonstrate that SMs shape the gene expression and protein profiles of TH17 cells and inhibit TH17 cell–driven autoimmunity.
Overview of Boost Converters for Photovoltaic Systems

DC-DC boost power converters play an important role in solar power systems; they step up the input voltage of a solar array for a given set of conditions. This paper presents an overview of the variance boost converter topologies. Each boost converter is evaluated on its capability to operate efficient, size, and cost of implementation. Conventional boost converter and interleaved boost converter are widely used topologies in photovoltaic systems reported; however, they have negative sides of varied efficiency level under changed weather conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes, interleaved boost converter with novel switch adaptive control, to maximise efficiency of standalone photovoltaic system under change of solar power levels, due to illadation condition.
icrobial-based soil quality indicators in irrigated and rainfed soil ortions of Mediterranean olive and peach orchards under ustainable management

The main objective of this study was to apply microbial indicators of soil quality in drip-irrigated olive and peach orchards managed with sustainable agricultural practices. Soil characterization was carried out in different areas of the orchards along the row, under the drippers (Rdr), and along the inter-row, rainfed (IRrf), to evaluate the effects of irrigation. Two parameters were followed during one year: a) a biochemical soil indicator (Nc/Nk ratio) based on soil N/C turnover and soil enzyme activities, and b) the abundance of three important N-cycling genes (nifH, amoA and nosZ). Localized irrigation caused higher values of water content in the Rdr areas, compared to IRrf. The Nc/Nk ratio exhibited all the attributes of itrogen functional genes oil quality and fertility oil enzyme activities ustainable soil management a reliable soil fertility indicator, being generally higher in irrigated Rdr areas. The abundance of nifH and amoA in the soil showed a trend similar to Nc/Nk, being affected by higher soil water content, while nosZ abundance was generally insensitive to irrigation. Both Nc/Nk and gene abundances, much more than the measured chemical, biochemical and molecular soil parameters considered alone, can give a precise idea on N and C soil dynamics, that in turn, affect soil quality and fertility. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Physiology, Pathology and Regeneration of Salivary Glands

Salivary glands are essential structures in the oral cavity. A variety of diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infections and physical traumas, can alter the functionality of these glands, greatly impacting the quality of life of patients. To date, no definitive therapeutic approach can compensate the impairment of salivary glands, and treatment are purely symptomatic. Understanding the cellular and molecular control of salivary glands function is, therefore, highly relevant for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we provide a starting platform for future studies in basic biology and clinical research, reporting classical ideas on salivary gland physiology and recently developed technology to guide regeneration, reconstruction and substitution of the functional organs.
Knowing the Abuser Inside and Out: The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Identification With the Aggressor Scale

Identifying with the aggressor is a process wherein victims of abuse, particularly during childhood, take on their perpetrator’s experience. The victim defers to the perpetrator and adopts the perpetrator’s experience, learns the perpetrator’s desires and needs, and gratifies them. Although the clinical and theoretical literature suggests that identification with the aggressor occurs in the aftermath of abuse and has negative long-term implications, to date this concept has not been empirically investigated. To facilitate an exploration of this subject, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties of a new measure: the Identification With the Aggressor Scale (IAS). The study was conducted among convenience samples of students using online surveys. In Study 1, the IAS was administered to 318 students. In Study 2, the IAS, and a battery of questionnaires assessing features of abuse, dissociation, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and posttraumatic guilt were administered to a convenience sample of 368 students. Four reliable IAS factors emerged from Study 1: Adopting the perpetrator’s experience concerning the abuse, identifying with the perpetrator’s aggression, replacing one’s agency with that of the perpetrator, and becoming hypersensitive to the perpetrator. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the scale’s underlying factor structure. A history of childhood abuse, recurrence and severity of abuse, and the perpetrator being a parental figure were all associated with higher IAS scores. In addition, IAS scores were correlated with dissociation, PTSD symptoms, and posttraumatic guilt. The present findings indicate that the IAS has good psychometric properties, making it useful as an assessment tool in future research.
Multilevel modeling for data streams with dependent observations

The technological developments of the last decades, e.g., the introduction of the smartphone, have created opportunities to efficiently collect data of many individuals over an extensive period of time. While these technologies allow for intensive longitudinal measurements, they also come with new challenges: data sets collected using these technologies could become extremely large, and in many applications the data collection is never truly `finished'. As a result, the data keep streaming in and analyzing data streams using the standard computation of well-known models becomes inefficient as the computation has to be repeated each time a new data point enters to remain up to date. In this thesis, methods to analyze data streams are developed. The introduction of these methods allows researchers to broaden the scope of their research, by using data streams. In this dissertation, I introduce a commonly used approach to deal with data streams: online learning, a method to update the result of an analysis while the data are entering, without revisiting the previous data points. This approach can deal with data streams, because 1) it is no longer required to store all data in memory; and 2) because the approach updates the results it can easily remain up to date when new data enter. A large range of statistical models can be estimated using this approach, e.g., a linear regression and correlations. However, when observations are clustered, for instance because the same individuals are repeatedly observed, rewriting the estimation procedure to be feasible in a data stream becomes more difficult. This data structure with clustered observations causes dependencies between data points belonging to the same person. Ignoring these dependencies violates an important statistical assumption of independent observations. When a researcher does not deal with the dependencies between the data points, the results are likely to be biased (i.e., inaccurate). There are models which take the dependencies between the observations into account, called multilevel models. These multilevel models, however, are computationally complex to estimate in a data stream, because the estimation procedure requires multiple passes over the data set. These multiple passes over the data set in combination with the continuous stream of new data points make it difficult to estimate the multilevel model in data streams. In this thesis, I developed an online-learning algorithm that updates the multilevel model, while new data enter and without passing over all the data repeatedly. This algorithm, called SEMA (acronym for Streaming Expectation Maximization Approximation), updates the results of the multilevel model with each new data point, without storing the data points. Using this algorithm, researchers can analyze data streams efficiently, while keeping the structure of the data stream into account.
Idiosyncratic neural coding and neuromodulation of olfactory individuality in Drosophila

Significance Individuality is a fundamental feature of behavior. For instance, the same smell or song may evoke very different responses in 2 individuals. What is the biological basis for these differences? While behavioral differences likely originate with differences in neural activity, little is known about how idiosyncratic behavioral differences are reflected in neural activity. We used statistical behavioral analysis and live brain imaging to assess idiosyncratic odor responses in fruit flies, and found that the same odors produce different behavioral responses across flies and that these odors evoke subtly different patterns of brain activity across flies. Moreover, neuromodulators and sets of neurons in the olfactory region of the fly’s brain directly modulate the degree of fly-to-fly behavioral variability in a flexible way. Innate behavioral biases and preferences can vary significantly among individuals of the same genotype. Though individuality is a fundamental property of behavior, it is not currently understood how individual differences in brain structure and physiology produce idiosyncratic behaviors. Here we present evidence for idiosyncrasy in olfactory behavior and neural responses in Drosophila. We show that individual female Drosophila from a highly inbred laboratory strain exhibit idiosyncratic odor preferences that persist for days. We used in vivo calcium imaging of neural responses to compare projection neuron (second-order neurons that convey odor information from the sensory periphery to the central brain) responses to the same odors across animals. We found that, while odor responses appear grossly stereotyped, upon closer inspection, many individual differences are apparent across antennal lobe (AL) glomeruli (compact microcircuits corresponding to different odor channels). Moreover, we show that neuromodulation, environmental stress in the form of altered nutrition, and activity of certain AL local interneurons affect the magnitude of interfly behavioral variability. Taken together, this work demonstrates that individual Drosophila exhibit idiosyncratic olfactory preferences and idiosyncratic neural responses to odors, and that behavioral idiosyncrasies are subject to neuromodulation and regulation by neurons in the AL.
N A ] 24 J ul 2 00 6 A Vortex Method for Biphasic Fluids Interacting with Rigid Bodies

We present an accurate Lagrangian method based on vortex par icles, level-sets, and immersed boundary methods, for animating the interplay between two fluids and r igi solids. We show that a vortex method is a good choice for simulating bi-phase flow, such as liquid a n gas, with a good level of realism. Vortex particles are localized at the interfaces between the two flu ids and within the regions of high turbulence. We gain local precision and efficiency from the stable advect ion permitted by the vorticity formulation. Moreover, our numerical method straightforwardly solves t he two-way coupling problem between the fluids and animated rigid solids. This new approach is validated th rough numerical comparisons with reference experiments from the computational fluid community. We also sh w that the visually appealing results obtained in the CG community can be reproduced with increase d efficiency and an easier implementation.
A Framework for Embedded Hardware Security Analysis

xiii List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . xiv Acknowledgements . xvii Chapter
Tumor Metabolism as a Regulator of Tumor–Host Interactions in the B-Cell Lymphoma Microenvironment—Fueling Progression and Novel Brakes for Therapy

Tumor metabolism and its specific alterations have become an integral part of understanding functional alterations leading to malignant transformation and maintaining cancer progression. Here, we review the metabolic changes in B-cell neoplasia, focusing on the effects of tumor metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Particularly, innate and adaptive immune responses are regulated by metabolites in the TME such as lactate. With steadily increasing therapeutic options implicating or utilizing the TME, it has become essential to address the metabolic alterations in B-cell malignancy for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss metabolic alterations of B-cell lymphoma, consequences for currently used therapy regimens, and novel approaches specifically targeting metabolism in the TME.
Multimodal Nonlinear Microscopy for Therapy Monitoring of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment

Here we report on a non-linear spectroscopic method for visualization of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-induced changes in tissue for reaching a new quality level of CAP application in medicine via online monitoring of wound or cancer treatment. A combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been used for non-invasive and label-free detection of CAP-induced changes on human skin and mucosa samples. By correlation with histochemical staining, the observed local increase in fluorescence could be assigned to melanin. CARS and SHG prove the integrity of the tissue structure, visualize tissue morphology and composition. The influence of plasma effects by variation of plasma parameters e.g., duration of treatment, gas composition and plasma source has been evaluated. Overall quantitative spectroscopic markers could be identified for a direct monitoring of CAP-treated tissue areas, which is very important for translating CAPs into clinical routine.
Multi-modal and multiscale imaging approaches reveal novel cardiovascular pathophysiology in Drosophila melanogaster

ABSTRACT Establishing connections between changes in linear DNA sequences and complex downstream mesoscopic pathology remains a major challenge in biology. Herein, we report a novel, multi-modal and multiscale imaging approach for comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular physiology in Drosophila melanogaster. We employed high-speed angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy to reveal functional and structural abnormalities in the hdp2 mutant, pre-pupal heart tube and aorta relative to controls. hdp2 harbor a mutation in wupA, which encodes an ortholog of human troponin I (TNNI3). TNNI3 variants frequently engender cardiomyopathy. We demonstrate that the hdp2 aortic and cardiac muscle walls are disrupted and that shorter sarcomeres are associated with smaller, stiffer aortas, which consequently result in increased flow and pulse wave velocities. The mutant hearts also displayed diastolic and latent systolic dysfunction. We conclude that hdp2 pre-pupal hearts are exposed to increased afterload due to aortic hypoplasia. This may in turn contribute to diastolic and subtle systolic dysfunction via vascular-heart tube interaction, which describes the effect of the arterial loading system on cardiac function. Ultimately, the cardiovascular pathophysiology caused by a point mutation in a sarcomeric protein demonstrates that complex and dynamic micro- and mesoscopic phenotypes can be mechanistically explained in a gene sequence- and molecular-specific manner. Summary: Mutant troponin I increases aortic and myocardial stiffness and engenders histologic abnormalities in fruit flies.
Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Treating Asian Indian Patients with Masseter Hypertrophy: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study.

BACKGROUND Asian Indians usually have wide lower faces because of masseter hypertrophy. The authors evaluated the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in long-term management of bilateral masseter hypertrophy in Asian Indian patients. METHODS Fifty patients were enrolled in the study and injected with 30 U of botulinum toxin type A to each side of the face, at baseline. Based on masseter muscle thickness and response to the injections, 25 patients underwent a second injection session at week 12, and the other 25 patients underwent additional third sessions, at week 24 after the first injection, respectively. Standardized photography and ultrasonography were performed to assess facial contour and masseter muscle thickness at baseline and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year follow-ups. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The authors observed 12 percent (p < 0.0001) average masseter muscle size reduction at week 12. The maximum reduction (26.6 percent; p < 0.0001) was observed at week 24 for the patients who received two injections and maintained an average 24.43 percent (p < 0.0001) reduction until follow-up at year 4. Patients who received three injections exhibited very high reduction (42.52 percent; p < 0.0001) of masseter volume at week 36 and maintained an average 40.64 percent (p < 0.0001) reduced volume until year 4. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin type A treatment is effective for long-term management of bilateral masseter hypertrophy. Doses repeated at 12-week intervals accentuate masseter volume reduction and also help maintain reduced masseter volume for 4-year follow-up, with satisfactory facial contour.
A novel approach to reduce blood loss in patients with placenta accreta spectrum disorder

Abstract Objective Cesarean hysterectomy for the treatment of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders has the potential to be associated with significant blood loss, massive transfusion, and operative morbidity. Two major contributors to blood loss are the hysterotomy and the bladder dissection. We introduce a new surgical technique and hypothesize that developing the hysterotomy with a linear cutter and mobilization of the bladder using a vessel sealing system (VSS) before clamping uterine arteries will lead to a total reduction in blood loss and transfusion rates. Materials and methods This was a case series, which presents clinical outcomes according to our described surgical technique. The following surgical outcomes were collected: operation time (minutes), estimated blood loss (EBL), intraoperative complications, need for reoperation before discharge, and transfusion rates. Our surgical technique utilizes a linear cutter to create a bloodless hysterotomy and a VSS to dissect the vesicouterine tissue. The VSS cauterizes and transects the small vesicouterine and placental-vesical vascular anastomoses that are prone to bleeding. Once the bladder is mobilized below the level of the cervix, the uterine arteries are ligated to complete the key components of the hysterectomy. Results Of the 23 cases, the median EBL was 1500 cubic centimeters and patients received a median of 1 unit of packed red blood cells. Eleven of the 23 cases did not require any blood transfusion and no patients required massive transfusion. The EBL did not differ between procedures that were performed emergently versus scheduled and it also did not differ between patients that had placenta increta versus placenta percreta, as diagnosed by histopathology. Conclusion Use of a linear cutter and closure of the lower anastomosis with VSS prior to clamping uterine artery during cesarean hysterectomy can significantly reduce blood loss and transfusion rates. This technique is applicable in emergent and nonemergent settings as well as for the most challenging procedures complicated by placenta percreta.