Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catabolic control of hybridoma cells by glucose and glutamine limited fed batch cultures

Substrate limited fed batch cultures were used to study growth and overflow metabolism in hybridoma cells. A glucose limited fed batch, a glutamine limited fed batch, and a combined glucose and glutamine limited red batch culture were compared with batch cultures. In all cultures μ reaches its maximum early during growth and decreases thereafter so that no exponential growth and decreases thereafter so that no exponential growth rate limiting, although the glutamine concentration (>0.085mM) was lower than reported Ks vales and glucose was below 0.9mM; but some other nutrients (s) was the cause as verified by simulations. Slightly more cells and antibodies were produced in the combined fed batch compared with the batch culture. The specific rates for consumption of glucose and glutamine were dramatically influenced in fed batch cultures resulting in major metabolic changes. Glucose limitation decreased lactate formation, but increased glutamine consumption and ammonium formation. Glutamine limitation decreased ammonium and alanine formation of lactate, alanine, and ammonium was negligible in the dual‐substrate limited fed batch culture. The efficiency of the energy metabolism increased, as judged by the increase in the cellular yield coefficient for glucose by 100% and for glutamine by 150% and by the change in the metabolic ratios lac/glc, ala/ln, and NHx/ln, in the combined fed culture. The data indicate that a larger proportion of consumed glutamine enters the TCA cycle through the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway, which releases more energy from glutamine than the transamination pathway. We suggest that the main reasons for these changes are decreased uptake rates of glucose and glutamine, which in turn lead to a reduction of the pyruvate pool and a restriction of the flux through glutaminase and lactate dehydrogenase. There appears to be potential for further cell growth in the dual‐substrate‐limited fed batch culture as judged by a comparison of μ in the different cultures. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Research on Hybrid-Clamped Multilevel-Inverter Topologies

The concept of hybrid clamped is proposed in multilevel-inverter topologies, and a hybrid-clamped multilevel-inverter topology comprising active and passive clamping devices is presented in this paper. In this topology, the dc-link capacitor voltages can be balanced without additional circuitry or separated dc voltage sources, regardless of load characteristics. It can be used in real and reactive power conversion applications. The topology structure, operating principle, and self-voltage balancing ability are analyzed. In addition, the validity is confirmed by simulations and experiments based on a five-level inverter. Finally, the functions of different clamping devices are compared
Functional responses of cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria to short-term obesity: Are all obesities the same?

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv INTRODUCTION . 1 LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 Basic Physiology . 7 Metabolism in the Normal Heart . 7 Metabolism in Normal Skeletal Muscle . 8 Fatty Acid Oxidation FA Use. 8 Glucose Use . 9 The TCA Cycle, Electron Transfer System, and Mitochondrial Respiration. 9 Mitochondria and Obesity . 11 Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Responses to Obesity and DM . 13 Obesity and Metabolism in Hibernating Mammals . 15 METHODS . 17 Ethical Approval . 17 Ground Squirrels . 17 Mice . 18 Glucose Tolerance Tests . 18 Preparation of Isolated Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Mitochondria . 18 Saponin Permeabilized Soleus Muscle . 19
Effects of Altered Consciousness on the Protective Glottic Closure Reflex

Objectives: The sphincteric function of the larynx, essential to lower airway protection, is most efficiently achieved through strong reflex adduction by both vocal folds. We hypothesize that central facilitation is an essential component of a bilateral brain stem-mediated adductor reflex and that its disturbance by altered consciousness or physiologic sleep could result in weakened sphincteric closure. Methods: In 10 adult pigs the glottic closure response was evaluated under light and deep isoflurane anesthesia. The internal branch of the left superior laryngeal nerve was stimulated through bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes, and recording electrodes were positioned in the ipsilateral and contralateral thyroarytenoid muscles. The force of evoked glottic closure was measured with a pressure transducer positioned between the vocal folds. Results: Consistent threshold responses (>90%) were obtained ipsilaterally from 0.5 to 2.0 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) anesthesia. However, the contralateral reflex responses declined to 6.4% in successive trials as anesthetic levels approached 1.5 to 2.0 MAC. Furthermore, glottic closing force closely reflected these electromyographic changes, declining from 383 mm Hg at 0.5 to 1.0 MAC to 114 mm Hg at 1.5 to 2.0 MAC. Conclusions: Alteration of central facilitation by progressively deeper loss of consciousness abolishes a lower brain stem-mediated crossed adductor reflex, predisposing the subject to a weakened glottic closure response.
[Clinical review of enteral feeding of extremely low birth weight infants].

OBJECTIVE To review the clinical data of enteral feeding of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), and analyze the influencing factors. METHOD From Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2010, data of 31 ELBWI from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively collected. ELBWI were assigned to different groups according to the time achieving full enteral feeding, comparison was done between two groups for enteral feeding. RESULT Twenty-four infants were analyzed, their mean gestational age was (29.0 ± 1.8) weeks (26.14 - 34.43 weeks), birth weight (882 ± 67) g (730 - 970 g), there were 11 infants in group A, whose time for achieving full enteral feeding was (27 ± 6)days, there were 13 infants in group B, whose time achieving full enteral feeding was (46 ± 10)days. The ratio of asphyxia (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), duration of umbilical vein catheterization longer than 10 days (18.2% vs. 61.5%, P = 0.047), and duration of mechanical ventilation longer than 14 days (27.3% vs. 76.9%, P = 0.038) in group A was higher than in group B. The milk volume on the 21st and 28th day in group A was much more than that in group B [(88.9 ± 35.4) ml vs. (37.4 ± 34.9) ml, P = 0.002; (121.1 ± 37.4) ml vs. (53.2 ± 33.1) ml, P = 0.000]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, patent ductus arterious, erythrocytosis, dysglycemia, sepsis, the time to begin enteral feeding, the beginning milk volume, the adding milk volume in the 1st, 2nd week, and the milk volume on the 3rd, 7th, 14th day. CONCLUSION Asphyxia, duration of umbilical vein catheterization, and duration of mechanical ventilation are likely to influence the enteral feeding of ELBWI, ELBWI with successful enteral feeding could show good tolerance in the 3rd week. But individual program should be made for enteral feeding of ELBWI, because enteral feeding could be influenced by multiple factors.
Calidad de vida, trabajo y salud en los profesionales sanitarios: un estudio en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante

Los profesionales sanitarios en su labor diaria, son con frecuencia expuestos a estresores que pueden afectar negativamente tanto a su salud mental como a su estado fisico. Las consecuencias de la tension ocupacional, no son restringidas exclusivamente a la propia salud de los trabajadores, tambien disminuyen su compromiso de trabajo, la calidad de asistencia prestada al paciente y el bienestar organizativo en general. Es imperativo para las organizaciones de asistencia sanitaria ser capaces de diagnosticar el estado de la calidad de vida de sus trabajadores. Los hospitales, ademas de prestar cuidado sanitario de calidad con la finalidad de diagnosticar, tratar y curar problemas de salud asi como para prevenir la aparicion de enfermedades, son, o deben de ser tambien, instituciones positivas que tienen un nuevo reto que atender: ser un contexto de vida que promocione y facilite comportamientos saludables y calidad de vida laboral entre sus trabajadores. Se defiende la tesis de que dificilmente el hospital podra atender satisfactoriamente las demandas sociales y sanitarias que le corresponden si no cuida a sus trabajadores, o si descuida su ambiente fisico y social. Y en la misma linea, el profesional sanitario tiene necesariamente que cuidarse para poder proporcionar una atencion de calidad. Sin embargo se conoce muy poco acerca de la relacion existente entre la calidad de vida, el trabajo y la salud de los profesionales sanitarios. Objetivo: estudiar la calidad de vida general, la satisfaccion laboral, el estado de salud y otros aspectos relacionados en una muestra representativa de los medicos y enfermeras del Hospital General de Alicante. Conclusion: los profesionales sanitarios del Hospital General de Alicante gozan de buena salud, de buena calidad de vida general y de una satisfactoria calidad de vida laboral.
Wavelength Path Reconfigurable AWG-STAR Employing Coprime-Channel-Cycle Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings

We propose a novel reconfigurable AWG-STAR (physical star topology network with arrayed-waveguide grating router) that employs two kinds of cyclic-frequency arrayed-waveguide gratings whose repetition channel numbers are coprime. We demonstrate that all the wavelength paths can be assigned independently with excellent transmission characteristics.
Using the Montessori Approach for a Clientele with Cognitive Impairments: A Quasi-Experimental Study Design

Background: The choice of activities responding to the needs of people with moderate to severe dementia is a growing concern for care providers trying to target the need for a feeling of self-accomplishment by adapting activities to the abilities of elderly patients. The activities created by Maria Montessori seem to be adaptable to this clientele. This study evaluates the short-term effects, as compared to regular activities offered in the milieu. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study where each of the 14 participants was observed and filmed in two conditions: during Montessori activities, during regular activities, and one control condition (no activity). Results: The results show that Montessori activities have a significant effect on affect and on participation in the activity. They support the hypothesis that when activities correspond to the needs and abilities of a person with dementia, these positive effects are also observed on behaviours. Conclusions: This study enabled its authors to corroborate the findings presented in the literature and to contribute additional elements on the positive effects of the use of Montessori activities and philosophy. Used with people with moderate to severe dementia these allow the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, their well being, and hence, on their quality of life.
Clinical evaluation of occupational asthma.

In this paper, the procedures in the assessment of occupational asthma (OA) are discussed. Only the most common subtype of OA is considered here, i.e. that in which symptoms appear after a latency period from the beginning of exposure. OA is characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, and variable bronchial hyperresponsiveness caused by specific agents inhaled at work. The clinical investigation of OA is a stepwise approach which includes a comprehensive history together with physiological and immunological studies. The first step is to identify symptoms and relate exposure at work to the presence in the workplace of substances known to provoke OA. The presence of bronchial asthma must then be confirmed; this is achieved by assessing the reversibility of bronchial obstruction and/or the presence of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity and/or the presence of significant peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability. The relationship between work and symptoms may first be assessed by means of serial measurements of PEF and of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity during periods at work and away from work. When the suspected agent is a high-molecular-weight (HMW) or a low-molecular-weight (LMW) agent known to act through an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mechanism, skin tests and/or research for specific IgE should be performed. In case of sensitization, where a relationship between asthma and work has been demonstrated by means of serial monitoring of PEF, a diagnosis can be made. If the suspected agent is a LMW agent, a specific inhalation challenge test in the laboratory or at the workplace is necessary.
Reliability, Validity, and Methodological Issues in Assessing Physical Activity in Older Adults

As pointed out in the Washburn (2000) article, there is increasing evidence that physical activity participation by older adults is associated with improved quality and quantity oflife. Specifically, the recent Surgeon General's Report on PhysicalActivity and Health describes the following benefits of physical activity for older adults (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1996): • Reduces risk of dying from coronary heart disease and of developing high blood pressure, colon cancer, and diabetes. • Helps people with chronic disabling conditions improve their stamina and strength. • Reduces anxiety and depression; improves mood and feelings of well-being. • Helps maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints. • Helps control joint swelling and pain associated with arthritis. • Helps maintain ability to live independently; reduces risk of falling and fracturing bones Evidence also suggests that as average life expectancy
Epithelia: Not just physical barriers

Epithelia are tissues consisting of sheets of similar cells bound closely together, which include the epidermis, the surfaces of the eyes, the surfaces of the hollow tubes and sacs that make up the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts, and the secretory cells and ducts of various glands. Depending on their predominant function, epithelia can be described further as barrier, secretory, or absorptive, but often all three functions coexist. These are the tissues most exposed to environmental bacteria. The importance of epithelia in host defense is best illustrated by the common experience that disruption of the epithelial layers, such as occurs in a minor skin scrape or a burn, greatly increases the likelihood of penetrating infection. Mechanical barrier properties of epithelia, the physical cleansing effects of their secretions, and the shedding of colonized cells normally contribute to protection from microbes (1). Moreover, injured or infected epithelial cells help initiate the inflammatory response by emitting chemotactic signals that attract blood-borne host defense cells. Although the ability of various glands to produce antimicrobial substances has been appreciated since Alexander Fleming's (2) pioneering studies of lysozyme in tears, respiratory secretions, and saliva, more recently it has become clear that barrier and absorptive epithelia also produce numerous antimicrobial substances (3–5). There are impressive similarities between the polypeptide arsenal of various epithelial cells and the prototypical professional host defense cells, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In some cases (e.g., lysozyme and lactoferrin), the same genes are highly expressed in both cell types; in other cases (e.g., defensins, peroxidase), the two cell types express different members of the same gene family. These similarities reinforce the notion that epithelial cells, like polymorphonuclear leukocytes, are important effectors of innate immunity.
L'automédication et ses déterminants

Un institut de recherche et deux universites se sont associes pour l’organisation de Rencontres autour de l’automedication et de ses determinants : l’Institut de recherche pour le developpement (IRD), l’Universite de Nantes (France) et l’Universite d’Abomey-Calavi (Benin) qui a accueilli ces journees scientifiques. Les Rencontres francophones Nord/Sud de l’automedication et de ses determinants se sont deroulees dans la ville de Cotonou au Benin, les 4, 5 et 6 mars 2015. L’automedication s’est revelee etre une thematique transversale de recherche pour analyser les societes contemporaines. Cette demarche nous mene au cœur de plusieurs enjeux : economiques et marchands d’abord, mais aussi therapeutiques et de sante publique et enfin socio-culturels dans un contexte de mondialisation et de globalisation. Nous presentons ici les Actes de ces Rencontres (mise en ligne : decembre 2015).
Deep-sea shrimp fishery operations in Kerala coast: Problems and Prospects

Deep-sea shrimp fishery operations in Kerala were initiated since 1999 with high landings which subsequently dropped considerably. The present study assesses the different problems faced by trawloperators in deep-sea shrimp fishing operations. High operational cost, high risk and efforts, lack of skilled and trained manpower, low market price realisation, abundance of discards, poor quality of shrimps, low level of harvesting technology perceived a major hurdles in deep-sea shrimp fishery sector. The study suggests the need for improved governmental support in deep-sea operations for the sustenance of the sector in ensuring fish food security for the Kerala populace.
articleSubgroup effects despite homogeneous heterogeneity test results

Background: Statistical tests of heterogeneity are very popular in meta-analyses, as heterogeneity might indicate subgroup effects. Lack of demonstrable statistical heterogeneity, however, might obscure clinical heterogeneity, meaning clinically relevant subgroup effects. Methods: A qualitative, visual method to explore the potential for subgroup effects was provided by a modification of the forest plot, i.e., adding a vertical axis indicating the proportion of a subgroup variable in the individual trials. Such a plot was used to assess the potential for clinically relevant subgroup effects and was illustrated by a clinical example on the effects of antibiotics in children with acute otitis media. Results: Statistical tests did not indicate heterogeneity in the meta-analysis on the effects of amoxicillin on acute otitis media (Q = 3.29, p = 0.51; I2 = 0%; T2 = 0). Nevertheless, in a modified forest plot, in which the individual trials were ordered by the proportion of children with bilateral otitis, a clear relation between bilaterality and treatment effects was observed (which was also found in an individual patient data meta-analysis of the included trials: p-value for
Novel Modular Multiple-Input Bidirectional DC–DC Power Converter (MIPC) for HEV/FCV Application

This paper proposes a novel multiple-input bidirectional dc-dc power converter to interface more than two dc sources of different voltage levels. This finds applications in hybrid electric/fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), where different dc sources of unequal voltage levels need to be connected with bidirectional power flow capability. The converter can be used to operate in both the buck and boost modes with bidirectional power control. It is also possible to independently control power flow between any two sources when more than two sources are actively transferring power in either directions. The operation, analysis, and design of the converter are presented with different modes of power transfer. The proposed converter is demonstrated for FCV application using real-time hardware-in-the-loop system. Experimental results for a 5-kW system are presented, validating the theoretical analysis.
PIK1, an essential phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase associated with the yeast nucleus.

Transmission of mitogenic and developmental signals to intracellular targets is often mediated by inositol derivatives. Here we present the cloning and characterization of a gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PIK1, encoding the enzyme that catalyses the first committed step in the production of the second messenger inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate. PIK1 encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase (PI 4‐kinase) essential for growth. Cells carrying PIK1 on a multicopy vector overexpress PI 4‐kinase activity exclusively in a nuclear fraction, suggesting that PIK1 is part of a nuclear phosphoinositide cycle. Temperature‐sensitive mutations, but not a null mutation, can be suppressed by high osmolarity or an elevated concentration of Ca2+. Conditional mutants have a cytokinesis defect as indicated by a uniform terminal phenotype of cells with large buds and fully divided nuclei. We suggest that PIK1 controls cytokinesis through the actin cytoskeleton.
Les achats d'énergie dans le secteur tertiaire marchand en 2011

En 2011, les etablissements des secteurs tertiaires principalement marchands hors transports ont achete 17,7 millions de tonnes d’equivalent petrole d’energie, pour une facture energetique de 17,3 milliards d’euros hors taxes. L’electricite est leur premier poste d’achats d’energie : elle represente presque 70 % des quantites et 80 % de la facture, contre respectivement 20 % et 10 % pour le gaz. Les deux tiers de l’energie achetee sont consacres au fonctionnement des etablissements (eclairage, chauffage, bureautique.), le tiers restant etant plus directement consacre a leur activite (production de biens ou services).
Association between household food insecurity and annual health care costs

Background: Household food insecurity, a measure of income-related problems of food access, is growing in Canada and is tightly linked to poorer health status. We examined the association between household food insecurity status and annual health care costs. Methods: We obtained data for 67 033 people aged 18–64 years in Ontario who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2005, 2007/08 or 2009/10 to assess their household food insecurity status in the 12 months before the survey interview. We linked these data with administrative health care data to determine individuals’ direct health care costs during the same 12-month period. Results: Total health care costs and mean costs for inpatient hospital care, emergency department visits, physician services, same-day surgeries, home care services and prescription drugs covered by the Ontario Drug Benefit Program rose systematically with increasing severity of household food insecurity. Compared with total annual health care costs in food-secure households, adjusted annual costs were 16% ($235) higher in households with marginal food insecurity (95% confidence interval [CI] 10%–23% [$141–$334]), 32% ($455) higher in households with moderate food insecurity (95% CI 25%–39% [$361–$553]) and 76% ($1092) higher in households with severe food insecurity (95% CI 65%–88% [$934–$1260]). When costs of prescription drugs covered by the Ontario Drug Benefit Program were included, the adjusted annual costs were 23% higher in households with marginal food insecurity (95% CI 16%–31%), 49% higher in those with moderate food insecurity (95% CI 41%–57%) and 121% higher in those with severe food insecurity (95% CI 107%–136%). Interpretation: Household food insecurity was a robust predictor of health care utilization and costs incurred by working-age adults, independent of other social determinants of health. Policy interventions at the provincial or federal level designed to reduce household food insecurity could offset considerable public expenditures in health care.