Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GROWTH OF COMMON CHIMPANZEE ( PAN TROGLODYTES ) IN CAPTIVITY : SPECIFIC FEATURES OF GROWTH IN GENETICALLY RELATED INDIVIDUALS

The study of growth and changes in apes with respect to its variability and heredity is an integral part of the research project on postnatal ontogeny of higher primates (Grant Agency of Czech Republic, grant projects No. 206/99/1697). Four common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) from ZOO Liberec including one pair of identical twins and their brother have been regularly measured according to their age in two week, one month and three month intervals (48 somatomeric traits). The decrease of body mass in newborn twins as well as in other newborn chimpanzees during the first six days of life is a very significant finding. This process is probably analogous to that described in Homo sapiens populations during the same period. The study of growth patterns in chimpanzee twins shows interesting features in relation to heredity and adaptive potential of chimpanzee developmental pathways. Some changes in growth are very similar but others seem to be individual. This finding demonstrates that adaptive norms of growth of both female chimpanzees can be different under certain circumstances when environmental or other stress factors influence growth as especially noted in one of the twins. The comparison of growth of female twins and their brother demonstrates the sexual differentiation in genetically closely related individuals living under identical environmental conditions.
In-Situ Thickness Measurement System for Porous Alumina Film Based on AFM and Spectrometer

An atomic force microscope (AFM) and spectrometer combined system for in-situ thickness measurement of nano-porous alumina (PA) films is introduced. The AFM is applied to obtain the porosity of PA film, and then we calculate the effective refractive index by Maxwell-Garnett effective dielectric constant theory. The optical thickness of PA film is determined by reflective interference spectrometer. The PA film thickness can also be measured via scanning the crosssection with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sample will be damaged, however, when using this method. The measurement by optical microscope is convenient, but it's hard to attain high resolution. When using SEM, the sample surface must be gilt and needs a vacuum environment. The system we developed can avoid the disadvantages of the method. It realizes non-destructive and highresolution in-situ measurement.
Physical Basis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application to Central Nervous System Diseases

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is based on the chemical shift property of the atom nuclei when a magnetic field is applied. This technique offers invaluable information about living tissues with special contribution to the diagnosis and prognosis of the central nervous system diseases. Concentration of several metabolites can be assessed in a reproducible manner by means of modern clinical scanners. N-acetyl-aspartate is regarded as a neuronal marker and its levels reflect the neuronal density with significant decreases in degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. Choline-compounds reflect the cell's membrane turnover and degradation. Myo-inositol has emerged as a glial marker with increases in degenerative diseases. The major usefulness of MRS has been reported in brain tumors, degenerative disorders, myelination defects and encephalopathies. In this review we report the physical basis and the contribution of MR spectroscopy to the diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases of the Central Nervous System.
Charnley Low Friction Arthroplasty in Young Patients With Osteoarthritis; A 12− to 24‐Year Clinical and Radiographic Followup Study of 84 Cases

The long term outcome of 84 Charnley low friction arthroplasties performed between January 1973 and December 1984 on 69 patients (84 hips) with osteoarthritis was assessed. The patients were 55 years old or younger (mean, 46 years) at the time of surgery. The probability of survival was 89.8% (range, 85.9%-93.7%) after 10 years with 69 hips at risk and 73.3% (range, 65.5%-81.1%) after 18 years with 33.5 hips at risk. Of the 84 hips in the study, 24 (28.6%) failed. Of the hips that survived, clinical results were good and excellent with Charnley scores of four or more for pain and function in all hips. Of the hips that survived, 93.3% achieved good or excellent results for movement.
Blockwise subspace identification for active noise control

In this paper, a subspace identification solution is provided for active noise control (ANC) problems. The solution is related to so-called block updating methods, where instead of updating the (feedforward) controller on a sample by sample base, it is updated each time based on a block of N samples. The use of the subspace identification based ANC methods enables non-iterative derivation and updating of MIMO compact state space models for the controller. The robustness property of subspace identification methods forms the basis of an accurate model updating mechanism, using small size data batches. The design of a feedforward controller via the proposed approach is illustrated for an acoustic duct benchmark problem, supplied by TNO Institute of Applied Physics (TNO-TPD), the Netherlands. We also show how to cope with intrinsic feedback. A comparison study with various ANC schemes, such as block filtered-U, demonstrates the increased robustness of a subspace derived controller.
Preliminary characterization of two atypical soluble guanylyl cyclases in the central and peripheral nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster

SUMMARY Conventional soluble guanylyl cyclases form α/β heterodimers that are activated by nitric oxide (NO). Recently, atypical members of the soluble guanylyl cyclase family have been described that include the ratβ 2 subunit and MsGC-β3 from Manduca sexta. Predictions from the Drosophila melanogaster genome identify three atypical guanylyl cyclase subunits: Gyc-88E (formerly CG4154), Gyc-89Da (formerly CG14885) and Gyc-89Db (formerly CG14886). Preliminary data showed that transient expression of Gyc-88E in heterologous cells generated enzyme activity in the absence of additional subunits that was slightly stimulated by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) but not the NO donor DEA-NONOate or the NO-independent activator YC-1. Gyc-89Db was inactive when expressed alone but when co-expressed with Gyc-88E enhanced the basal and SNP-stimulated activity of Gyc-88E, suggesting that they may form heterodimers in vivo. Here, we describe the localization of Gyc-88E and Gyc-89Db and show that they are expressed in the embryonic and larval central nervous systems and are colocalized in several peripheral neurons that innervate trachea, basiconical sensilla and the sensory cones in the posterior segments of the embryo. We also show that there are two splice variants of Gyc-88E that differ by seven amino acids, although no differences in biochemical properties could be determined. We have also extended our analysis of the NO activation of Gyc-88E and Gyc-89Db, showing that several structurally unrelated NO donors activate Gyc-88E when expressed alone or when co-expressed with Gyc-89Db.
A low-power, high-speed DCT architecture for image compression: Principle and implementation

We present a new design of low-power and high-speed Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for image compression to be implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The proposed compression method converts the image to be compressed in many lines of 8 pixels and then applies our optimized 1D-DCT algorithm for compression. The DCT optimization is based on the hardware simplification of the multipliers used to compute the DCT coefficients. In fact, by using constant multipliers based on Canonical Signed Digit (CSD) encoding, the number of of adders, subtracters and registers will be minimum. To further decrease the number of required arithmetic operators, a new technique based on Common Subexpression Elimination (CSE) is examined. FPGA implementations prove that the CSE implies less computations, less material complexity and a dynamic power saving of about 22% at 110 MHz of clock frequency in Spartan3E device.
Comparison study of phase-shifted full bridge ZVS converters

The phase-shifted full bridge (PSFB) ZVS-PWM converter is widely adopted in medium to high power applications. But the conventional PSFB has many limitations and many improved topologies have been proposed to improve the performance of the PSFB ZVS converter. This paper presents a detailed review for these techniques. The merits and limitations of these techniques are analyzed and their key features and characteristics are compared. Based on the review and comparison, an improved PSFB ZVS converter is proposed. A guidance of selection optimized topology for practical application is also discussed in this paper. Related Simulation results and experimental results are presented.
An overview of null space projections for redundant, torque-controlled robots

One step on the way to approach human performance in robotics is to provide joint torque sensing and control for better interaction capabilities with the environment, and a large number of actuated degrees of freedom (DOFs) for improved versatility. However, the increasing complexity also raises the question of how to resolve the kinematic redundancy which is a direct consequence of the large number of DOFs. Here we give an overview of the most practical and frequently used torque control solutions based on null space projections. Two fundamental structures of task hierarchies are reviewed and compared, namely the successive and the augmented method. Then the projector itself is investigated in terms of its consistency. We analyze static, dynamic, and the new concept of stiffness consistency. In the latter case, stiffness information is used in the pseudoinversion instead of the inertia matrix. In terms of dynamic consistency, we generalize the weighting matrix from the classical operational space approach and show that an infinite number of weighting matrices exist to obtain dynamic consistency. In this context we also analyze another dynamically consistent null space projector with slightly different structure and properties. The redundancy resolutions are finally compared in several simulations and experiments. A thorough discussion of the theoretical and empirical results completes this survey.
Uptake of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres by antigen-presenting cells in vivo.

Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) and the most effective stimulators of primary T cell responses. Based on the strong influence of the APC on the immune response, we investigated cellular uptake of a biodegradable antigen delivery system, poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, at two sites of injection: intraperitoneal and intradermal. We hypothesized that a fluorescent probe, tetramethylrhodamine labeled dextran, loaded in PLGA microspheres would be taken up by APCs and thereby provide a means for studying cellular uptake of PLGA microspheres in vivo. Phagocytic load and cell phenotype were determined using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results revealed cellular uptake of tetramethylrhodamine dextran loaded PLGA microspheres at both injection sites. After intraperitoneal immunization, the predominant cell phagocytosing PLGA microspheres in the peritoneal cavity was the macrophage whereas the intradermal immunization resulted in uptake of PLGA microspheres by dendritic cells. Hence, these results suggest that the profile for cellular uptake varies with the site of injection. More importantly, this study provides direct and conclusive evidence of uptake of PLGA microspheres by the most potent APC, the dendritic cell.
Affect Computation of Chinese Short Text

Microblogs are a rising social network with distinguishing features such as simplicity and convenience and has already attracted a large number of users and triggered massive information explosion concerning individuals’ own statuses and opinions. While sentiment analysis of the messages in microblogs is of great value, most of present studies are on English microblogs and few are on Chinese microblogs. Compared to English, Chinese has its unique expression style, such as no spaces or other word delimiters. Furthermore, Chinese short text also has its own properties. Thus we are inspired to explore effective features for sentiment classification of Chinese short text. In this paper, we propose to study userrelated sentiment classification of Chinese microblogs in terms of the statistical and semantic characteristics, and deisgn the corresponding features: ratio of positive words and negative words (PNR), position feature (POS ), collocation of verbs (COL), auxiliary words (AU). Then we employ an SVM-based method to classify the sentiment. Experiments show that the features we design is effective in recognizing the sentiment of messages in microblogs. key words: microblog, sentiment classification, statistical feature, semantic feature
Eccentric loading for Achilles tendinopathy — strengthening or stretching?

The prescription of eccentric loading is considered as a mainstay of non-operative rehabilitation programmes for mid-substance chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Such exercises have some degree of clinical utility in comparison with concentric training and are often referred to as a strengthening programme. Yet the dose parameters of the eccentric loading do not reflect an optimal strengthening programme and specifically avoid the normal eccentric–concentric coupling typical of the stretch shortening cycle. This manuscript identifies the arguments and counterarguments for why eccentric loading rehabilitation is not an optimal strengthening programme. It is proposed that such exercises reflect a specific stretching programme directed at the passive structures. This has two important clinical implications. Firstly, this reinterpretation of the role of eccentric exercises may direct future research into the underlying mechanisms of tendinopathy and, secondly, it may reinforce the importance of adjunct sports specific strengthening programmes.
Approaching Gameplay Reactions with Patterns in Biometric and Visual Data

The question of how games, especially video games, affect players has always been a hotly debated topic in academia, industry, and in some cases, politics. Most of these debates revolve around the effects of violence portrayed in games on children and teenagers. This tendency results in other, less controversial but still important, questions about the effects of playing video games being overlooked. This project aims to empirically evaluate the emotional responses of players, as they play, by measuring and analysing some of their biometric data, and using facial recognition technology to interpret their emotional state. The ability to measure emotional reactions accurately could open doors to a new level of gaming development, adaptive gaming or even deeper emotional studies.
Development of Model Aqueous Ophthalmic Solution of Indomethacin

A new model aqueous solution of indomethacin was developed on the basis of Pluronic™ F68 (15%) and F127 (10%). They showed some practical advantages over the models prepared with polyols and polysorbate 80, which were used for comparison. It was found that both Pluronics acted very similarly and were more effective as solubilizers, created an appropriate viscosity, and formed reversible gels at higher temperatures, ensured the indomethacin chemical stability and prolonged in vitro drug diffusion, and showed high physiological tolerance on rabbit eyes. Moreover, indomethacin stability and solution viscosity in the presence of Pluronics did not change after heat sterilization (i.e., the samples can bear heat sterilization).
A new method for predicting binding free energy between receptor and ligand

A practical method to estimate binding free energy, ΔGbind, of a given ligand structure to the target receptor has been developed. The method assumes that ΔGbind is given by the summation of intermolecular interaction energy, ΔGinter, and partial desolvation energy, ΔGdesolv. ΔGdesolv is calculated from the buried surface area in the complex between the ligand and receptor, based on solvation energy, ΔGsolv, formulated by an equation which can be calibrated with observed values. Then, the method was applied to arabinose‐binding protein (ABP) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), after recalibrating the weights for ΔGinter and each term of ΔGdesolv using observed ΔGbind data for 29 known ligands to avidin (AV). The usefulness of our method was confirmed by the fact that correlation coefficients between the calculated and observed ΔGbind's in AV, ABP and DHFR were 0.92, 0.77, and 0.88, whereas the corresponding values obtained by simple force field calculation were 0.79, 0.30, and 0.79, respectively. Further investigations to improve the method and validate the parameters are in progress. Proteins 33:62–73, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Set Domain-Dependent Regulation of Transcriptional Silencing and Growth Control by SUV39H1, a Mammalian Ortholog ofDrosophila Su(var)3-9

ABSTRACT Mammalian SET domain-containing proteins define a distinctive class of chromatin-associated factors that are targets for growth control signals and oncogenic activation. SUV39H1, a mammalian ortholog ofDrosophila Su(var)3-9, contains both SET and chromo domains, signature motifs for proteins that contribute to epigenetic control of gene expression through effects on the regional organization of chromatin structure. In this report we demonstrate that SUV39H1 represses transcription in a transient transcriptional assay when tethered to DNA through the GAL4 DNA binding domain. Under these conditions, SUV39H1 displays features of a long-range repressor capable of acting over several kilobases to silence basal promoters. A possible role in chromatin-mediated gene silencing is supported by the localization of exogenously expressed SUV39H1 to nuclear bodies with morphologic features suggestive of heterochromatin in interphase cells. In addition, we show that SUV39H1 is phosphorylated specifically at the G1/S cell cycle transition and when forcibly expressed suppresses cell growth. Growth suppression as well as the ability of SUV39H1 to form nuclear bodies and silence transcription are antagonized by the oncogenic antiphosphatase Sbf1 that when hyperexpressed interacts with the SET domain and stabilizes the phosphorylated form of SUV39H1. These studies suggest a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for regulating the chromatin organizing activity of a mammalian su(var) protein and implicate the SET domain as a gatekeeper motif that integrates upstream signaling pathways to epigenetic regulation and growth control.
Developmental Changes in Insulin‐like Growth Factor I Receptor Gene Expression in the Mouse Mammary Gland

The insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR), which mediates the mitogenic action of IGF‐I, has been shown to play an essential role in normal growth and development. However, the precise role of IGF‐IR in the growth and differentiation of the mammary gland has not been elucidated. This study examines the profile of the IGF‐IR gene and protein expression during normal postnatal mammary gland development in order to gain further insight into the role of the IGF‐I/IGF‐IR during mammary gland morphogenesis. Gene and protein expression were examined in developing mouse mammary glands (virgin, pregnant, lactating, involuting) by real time PCR analysis and Western blotting. Both IGF‐IR gene and protein expression levels were high during early pregnancy. Interestingly, the level of gene expression was significantly down‐regulated during late pregnancy (5.4 fold) and lactation (9–13 fold) and significantly up‐regulated (3.9 fold) during late involution, to the level observed in the virgin mammary gland. By in situ hybridization, the IGF‐IR transcripts were localized to the proliferating ductal epithelium of the mammary glands of virgin mice and to the differentiating ductal and alveolar epithelium of the mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. In the involuting gland, the transcripts were localized to the regressing ductal epithelium. These data are direct evidence that IGF‐IR expression is important for alveolar cell proliferation and suggest that the progression of involution may require the down‐regulation of IGF‐IR gene expression. Altogether, these results demonstrate that a developmental IGF‐IR gene expression pattern exists in the mouse mammary gland and that increases in gene expression at specific phases of development may reflect an important role for IGF‐I/IGF‐IR at those phases of development.
Parameter Estimation of LFM Signal Based on Bayesian Compressive Sensing via Fractional Fourier Transform

Compressive Sensing (CS) theory breaks through the limitations of traditional Nyquist sampling theorem, accomplishes the compressive sampling and reconstruction of signals based on sparsity or compressibility. In this paper CS is presented in a Bayesian framework for linear frequency modulated (LFM) cases whose likelihood or priors are usually Gaussian. In order to decrease the sampling pressure of hardware Bayesian CS (BCS) method is proposed which reconstructs the spectrum information of LFM signal via fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). On the different fractional orders of FRFT basis, the LFM signal has different forms of spectrum; from the spectrums we search the peak position to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of LFM signal. Simulation results show that by using the method this paper proposed it outperforms some existing algorithms demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed approach.
A Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease agent (Echigo‐1 strain) recovered from brain tissue showing the 'panencephalopathic type' disease

We used histologic evidence of degenerative changes in both the gray and white matter of the brain to diagnose a patient as having the panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). This type of CJD is relatively common in Japan, but not in North America or Europe. We recovered a transmissible pathogen (Echigo-1 strain) from an autopsy specimen of the patient's brain and passed it serially in Hartley guinea pigs. After a long latent period, it caused degenerative changes, mainly in the thalamic area of the guinea pig brain. On the 4th passage, a substrain emerged with a short latent period. When cross-transmitted to Golden Syrian hamsters, this substrain induced severe degeneration in both the thalamus and cerebral cortex. We compare our results with those for other experimental CJDs produced by other types of this disease.
COMPARING QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN AFTER VAGINAL DELIVERY AND CESAREAN SECTION

Background & aim: Postpartum period is accompanied by significant changes in women’s quality of life. These alterations can affect the health of mothers and children. Considering the importance of postnatal quality of life and its different contributing factors, this study aimed to compare women’s quality of life after vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Methods:This retrospective cohort study included a random sample of 2100 women, referring to Hamadan health care centers for congenital hypothyroidism screening or infant vaccination. The participants’ quality of life was examined, using Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, evaluating five periods of time including one week, two months, four months, six months, and one year after delivery (either vaginal or cesarean delivery). Data were analyzed using t-test. Results: Quality of life was significantly higher in women with vaginal delivery, compared to women with cesarean section in all periods including one week (68.77 vs. 42.44), two months (69.11 vs. 54.76), four months (78.19 vs. 53.02), six months (75.62 vs. 54.94),and one year(78.43 vs. 53.77) after delivery. Conclusion: Considering women’s higher quality of life after vaginal delivery, compared to cesarean section, it seems that vaginal delivery is a safer and less expensive option, which is recommended for all pregnant women.