Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing Networks-on-Chip for High Assurance Real-Time Systems

Conventional fault-tolerance approaches for Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) cannot be applied to high assurance real-time systems due to their different goals and constraints. These systems impose strict integrity, resilience and real-time requirements. All possible effects of hardware errors must be taken into account and the resulting system must be predictable, even in the presence of errors. In this paper, we present a wormhole-switched NoC with virtual channels for high assurance real-time systems hardened against soft errors. All possible duration and impacts of soft errors are taken into account and the resulting NoC operates with formal guarantees. Experimental evaluation shows that the network is able to provide a predictable behavior even in aggressive environments with very high error rates.
Tramadol-ketorolaco versus tramadol-dexketoprofeno en pacientes postoperados de prótesis de cadera y rodilla

Introduccion: El dolor es una de las principales molestias postoperatorias; estadisticamente, es la menos atendida y la mas dificil de resolver en las primeras 24 horas. Se evaluo entre dos alternativas: tramadol-ketorolaco versus tramadol-dexketoprofeno, para decidir cual provee una mejor analgesia postoperatoria en este tipo de pacientes. Muestra: 60 pacientes divididos en dos grupos (aleatorios). Metodologia: El Grupo A recibio al inicio de la cirugia 30 mg de ketorolaco + 100 mg IV de tramadol, y se inicio una infusion continua con bomba electronica de 24 horas, la cual contenia 90 mg de ketorolaco + 200 mg de tramadol aforados con 250 mL de solucion fi siologica. El Grupo B recibio al inicio de la cirugia 50 mg de dexketoprofeno + 100 mg IV de tramadol, y se inicio una infusion continua con bomba electronica de 24 horas, la cual contenia 100 mg de dexketoprofeno + 200 mg de tramadol aforados con 250 mL de solucion fi siologica. Se evaluo la intensidad del dolor mediante la escala de EVA a las 6, 12, 18 y 24 horas postoperatorias, se determino si habia dolor leve (EVA 0-4), dolor moderado (EVA 5-7) o dolor severo (EVA 8-10)(1,2). Se evaluaron los efectos adversos y si la analgesia permitia la deambulacion de los postoperados a las 24 horas. Los analisis estadisticos fueron: media, desviacion estandar, Chi cuadrada y t de Student. Resultados: A las 6 horas, el Grupo A presento dolor leve en el 76% y dolor moderado en el 24%; el Grupo B presento dolor leve en el 86% y dolor moderado en el 14%. A las 12 horas, en el Grupo A se presento dolor leve en el 58% y moderado en el 42%; en el Grupo B se evidencio dolor leve en el 85% y dolor moderado en el 15%. A las 18 horas, en el Grupo A, el dolor fue leve en el 52% y moderado en el 48%; en el Grupo B el dolor fue leve en el 78% y moderado en el 22%. A las 24 horas, en el Grupo A, el dolor leve se presento en el 58% y el dolor moderado en el 42%; en el Grupo B hubo dolor leve en el 64% y moderado en el 36%. Los efectos adversos fueron nauseas, presente en el 6% del Grupo A y en el 5% del Grupo B. En lo que respecta a la deambulacion a las 24 horas con andadera, en el Grupo A fue posible en el 57%; de este porcentaje, el 42% presento dolor leve a la deambulacion, dolor moderado el 28%, y 30% presento dolor severo. En el Grupo B, la deambulacion fue posible en el 64%, de los cuales el 53% presento dolor leve, el 18% dolor moderado y 19% dolor severo. Conclusion: Aunque en ambos grupos se presento dolor moderado, la combinacion tramadol-dexketoprofeno presento un efecto analgesico de mayor calidad, constante y con menos efectos adversos. Ademas, permitio, en mayor proporcion, la deambulacion temprana del paciente, con menor dolor. Por si sola, la deambulacion temprana en este tipo de pacientes disminuye la incidencia de complicaciones como ileo paralitico, trombosis, neumonias, etc.
Intentions of smokers to use free nicotine replacement therapy

Public health initiatives to distribute nicotine replacement therapy free of charge as a means of promoting smoking cessation are ongoing. Are there enough smokers interested in using nicotine replacement therapy to have a substantial impact on the prevalence of smoking if this aid were distributed free to all interested smokers? We conducted a telephone survey of 825 randomly selected daily smokers aged 18 years or older who had smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day at some point in their lives. Overall, 58.9% of the respondents said they would be interested in nicotine replacement therapy if it were offered for free. Of those interested, almost all (93.8%) said that they would use the nicotine replacement therapy to help them quit for good. There were differences in the levels of interest: smokers who intended to quit were more interested in using the nicotine replacement therapy than those who planned to reduce or maintain their smoking.
Supporting Adaptive Learning Sequences with Agent Negotiation

This study proposes a negotiation-based approach to combine the notion of adaptivity and adaptability for adaptive learning system. The system suggests adaptation and the student also submits his/her preference of adaptation. While the student preference violates the system suggestion, the student needs to negotiate with the system to reach an agreement of adaptation. To delineate the proposed framework, an undergraduate Java programming course is provided to illustrate how the negotiation-based adaptive learning system can support the generation of personalized adaptive learning sequences.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease and fetal karyotyping.

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of aneuploidy among fetuses with congenital heart disease diagnosed in utero. METHODS From June 1988 through December 1991, 502 fetuses at risk for congenital heart disease underwent fetal echocardiography. Fetal karyotyping was performed whenever a cardiac anomaly was diagnosed. Autopsy reports, postnatal echocardiograms, and angiograms were obtained to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS Congenital heart disease was found in 31 of 469 fetuses with complete follow-up. Fifteen of these 31 fetuses (48%) were found to have an abnormal karyotype: five of 17 (29.4%) with isolated cardiac anomalies and ten of 14 (71.4%) with cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. Detected chromosomal abnormalities included six trisomy 21, four trisomy 18, four trisomy 13, and one triploidy 69,XXX. Atrioventricular septal defects and ventricular septal defects were the cardiac malformations most often associated with abnormal karyotypes (77 and 71%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The risk of aneuploidy associated with fetal cardiac anomalies is much greater than that associated with elevated maternal age; therefore, fetal karyotyping should be offered whenever a cardiac defect is diagnosed. Advanced gestational age should not represent a deterrent, because the discovery of a lethal trisomy in a fetus with a cardiac malformation can affect dramatically the prognosis and the obstetric and neonatal management. We believe that a screening view such as the four-chamber view should now be included routinely in obstetric ultrasound examinations.
Gallbladder Carcinoma in the United States: A Population Based Clinical Outcomes Study Involving 22,343 Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Database (1973–2013)

Introduction Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and the third most common gastrointestinal tract malignancy. This study examines a large cohort of GBC patients in the United States in an effort to define demographics, clinical, and pathologic features impacting clinical outcomes. Methods Demographic and clinical data on 22,343 GBC patients was abstracted from the SEER database (1973–2013). Results GBC was presented most often among Caucasian (63.9%) females (70.7%) as poorly or moderately differentiated (42.5% and 38.2%) tumors, with lymph node involvement (88.2%). Surgery alone was the most common treatment modality for GBC patients (55.0%). Combination surgery and radiation (10.6%) achieved significantly longer survival rates compared to surgery alone (4.0 ± 0.2 versus 3.7 ± 0.1 years, p = 0.004). Overall mortality was 87.0% and cancer-specific mortality was 75.4%. Conclusions GBC is an uncommon malignancy that presents most often among females in their 8th decade of life, with over a third of cases presenting with distant metastasis. The incidence of GBC has doubled in the last decade concurrent with increases in cholecystectomy rates attributable in part to improved histopathological detection, as well as laparoscopic advances and enhanced endoscopic techniques. Surgical resection confers significant survival benefit in GBC patients.
The role of neutrophils in cystic fibrosis

Purpose of reviewNeutrophils are known to dominate the pulmonary inflammatory process observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). An enduring paradox is how these large numbers of neutrophils fail to eradicate colonizing bacteria. Major advances in our understanding of neutrophil dysfunction in CF and its effect on the innate immune system are leading to advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and leading directly to new therapies. Recent findingsNew mechanisms of neutrophil dysfunction have been described in CF including disabled cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator recruitment to phagosomes and novel mechanisms of protease-induced neutrophil dysfunction. Neutrophil elastase has been shown to be present in the airway very early in life in CF patients, and appears a biomarker of disease progression, predicting lung function decline and bronchiectasis. Elastase has also been shown to induce a pro-inflammatory state of senescence in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and potentially in vivo. Inhibitors of neutrophil elastase are now entering clinical trials with promising results. New avenues of CF therapeutics are being explored including novel macrolides, CXCR2 antagonists and exogenous opsonins. SummaryThis article reviews the past 12 months of research that contributes to our understanding of the role of neutrophils and immune dysfunction in CF.
Safe distal margin resection in patients with low rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cause of death in Iran. This study was performed in order to determine the appropriate distal clearance margin (DCM) for resec on of rectal cancer in pa ents who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for sphincter preserving procedure. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sec onal study conducted in Shahid Faghihi Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from 2006 to 2011. We included all pa ents with low rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The medical charts of pa entsand disease characteris cs were recorded. The local recurrence, recurrence-free survival and mortality rates were compared between those with DCM ≥2cm and DCM <2cm. Results: Overall, 82 pa ents with a mean age of 56.7 ± 16.4 years were included. The DCM was found to be ≥2cm in 45 (54.9%) pa ents and <2cm in 37 (45.1%). The two study groups were comparable in terms of age (p=0.573), sex (p=0.505), histopathological tumor grade (p=0.165), and distance of tumor to anal verge (p=0.125). Pa ents with DCM ≥2cm had a lower local recurrence rate (35.6% vs. 97.3%; p<0.001), a higher recurrence-free survival rate (88.9% vs. 67.6%; p=0.032) and a lower mortality rate (11.1% vs. 32.4%; p=0.027). Conclusion: Although some studies have showed that DCM<2cm leads to similar results compared to DCM≥ 2cm, our findings revealed that obtaining a distal clearance margin of 2cm for resec on of rectal cancer in pa ents who have undergone neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is associated with a lower local recurrence rate, higher recurrence-free survival rate and lower mortality rate.
The Female Foot

When we look at Figures 1 and 2, we can see how the foot looks at birth and how it may look 60 years later. What has happened? There are inherited and constitutional factors involved in this foot deformity. Rheumatoid arthritis, neurological disorders, and trauma all have an influence on the development of this condition. An important cause of the deformity is improper shoe fit. The mismatch between shoe and fit width is easy to appreciate (Fig. 3). Figure 4 shows the dramatic effect of a pointed shoe on the shape of the foot. Only in the past few years has foot comfort become important in the design of women's shoes. In Europe, there has been a marked increase in sales of women's athletic shoes and sandals. The fashion conscious woman still considers wearing a small, tight shoe. Figure 5 shows shoes of three different centuries from a Swiss footwear museum. Shown are shoes from the 1960s and the 19th century, and a rococo shoe of the 18th century. It is apparent that women's feet have suffered for centuries. In Sex Ufe of the Foot and Shoe, Hossi" writes that "The foot is an erotic organ and the shoe enhances its sexuality. This is a reality as old as mankind. Shoe fashion is podoerotic art." In old China, very small feet were desirable and were the ultimate style. The feet of girls 5 to 7 years old were bound to create a foot that resembled the lotus flower, which was no more than 3 inches. Various speculations explaining the binding of these girls' feet have pointed to eroticism or the macho mentality that existed at the emperor's palace.
DU‐PAN‐2 Levels in Serum and Pancreatic Ductal Fluids of Patients with Benign and Malignant Pancreatic Disease

Previous studies have shown that the DU-PAN-2 antigen is elevated in −70% of serum samples obtained from pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, and within the normal range (<400 U/ml) in 99% of normal subjects. In this study, the DU-PAN-2 antigen level of the serum and pancreatic ductal fluid in patients with malignant pancreatic disease were compared to antigen levels in patients with benign pancreatic diseases. Six percent of patients with chronic pancreatitis and 13% of patients with severe acute pancreatitis had elevated DU-PAN-2 antigen levels in their sera. Pancreatic ductal fluid DUPAN- 2 levels were elevated in 33% (11 of 33) of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinomas, whereas 16% (5 of 31) of patients with chronic pancreatitis and 38% (8 of 21) of control patients had elevated secretion levels. Unlike DU-PAN-2, the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carcinoma (CA) 19–9 were elevated in 90 and 100%, respectively, of secretions of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, CEA and CA 19–9 ductal fluid levels were also elevated in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CEA: 61% CA 19–9: 85%), and therefore these markers are not helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant pancreatic disease. The physiologic implications of elevated DU-PAN-2 serum antigen levels in patients with normal ductal fluid DU-PAN-2 levels are discussed.
Cephalic tetanus presenting with Bell's palsy.

Paraplegie amyotrophique lentement ascendante, d'abord spasmodique, puis flasque, s'accompagnant de dissociation albuminocytologique. Revue Neurol (Paris) 1926;33 (2): 1-42. 2Aminoff MJ. Spinal Angiomas, Oxford: Blackwell, 1976:82-85. 3Antoni N. Spinal vascular malformations (angiomas) and myelomalacia. Neurology (Minneap) 1962; 12:895-904. 4Greenfield JG, Turner JWA. Acute and subacute necrotic myelitis. Brain 1939; 62:227-52. 5 Hughes JT. Pathology of the Spinal Cord, 2nd Edition, London: Lloyd-Luke, 1978:81-83. 6 Jellinger K. Pathology of spinal vascular malformations and vascular tumours. In: Pia HW, Djindjian R, eds. Spinal Angiomas. Advances in Diagnosis & Therapy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1978): 1844.
PF 2 fit : Fitting Atomic Structures in 3 D EM

Motivation. We develop a new generalized framework for fitting crystal structures into density maps. The framework includes three new scoring functions that quantify the goodness of fit between the crystal structure and density map: (A) the scattering potential score, which is based on using a more realistic representation of the input crystal structure in terms of the density map, (B) the non-uniform exterior penalty, which efficiently penalizes atoms outside a certain isocontour of the target density map, and (C) the skeleton-secondary structure score, which correlates the skeleton of the density map with secondary structural elements in the crystal structure. The framework also includes a search scheme based on non-uniform correlations over the space of rotations SO(3), and a reranking stage that improves confidence in fitting results obtained during the initial search stage. Results. We show that (A) The scattering potential performs better than the Gaussian blurring scheme currently used by a majority of existing fitting techniques, (B) the non-uniform exterior penalty, combined with the search scheme, provides a very fast estimate of the fitting pose, (C) the skeleton-secondary structure score provides an estimate of the goodness of fit when the resolution of the density map is sufficiently high, and (D) the search scheme has unique sampling properties that combine the best features of existing approaches. Availability. PFfit is available though our website.
Binomial logic: extending stochastic computing to high-bandwidth signals

Stochastic logic, also known as stochastic computing, provides very low computation hardware area, fault tolerance, and efficient hardware implementations for high clock rates. It has long been defined as the processing of signals encoded as Bernoulli random sequences. This assumed definition has created its most notable restriction: the requirement to sample much faster than the Nyquist rate, severely limiting the allowable signal bandwidth. We demonstrate that stochastic logic can be extended beyond Bernoulli sequences to include binomial (N, p) representations where N > 1. By expanding the definition of stochastic computing we create a new design methodology that enables the engineer to obtain greater signal bandwidth by increasing the circuit size.
Estimating duration in partnership studies: issues, methods and examples

Background and objectives Understanding the time course of sexual partnerships is important for understanding sexual behaviour, transmission risks for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and development of mathematical models of disease transmission. Study design The authors describe issues and biases relating to censoring, truncation and sampling that arise when estimating partnership duration. Recommendations for study design and analysis methods are presented and illustrated using data from a sexual-behaviour survey that enrolled individuals from an adolescent-health clinic and two STD clinics. Survey participants were queried, for each of (up to) four partnerships in the last 3 months, about the month and year of first sex, the number of days since last sex and whether partnerships were limited to single encounters. Participants were followed every 4 months for up to 1 year. Results After adjustment for censoring and truncation, the estimated median duration of sexual partnerships declined from 9 months (unadjusted) to 1.6 months (adjusted). Similarly, adjustment for censoring and truncation reduced the bias in relative risks for the effect of age in a Cox model. Other approaches, such as weighted estimation, also reduced bias in the estimated duration distribution. Conclusion Methods are available for estimating partnership duration from censored and truncated samples. Ignoring censoring, truncation and other sampling issues results in biased estimates.
Observation of charge-transfer population of high-n levels in Ar+16 from neutral hydrogen in the ground and excited states in a tokamak plasma.

X-ray spectra of He-like argon (Ar/sup +16/) have been obtained for the transitions 1snp. -->. 1s/sup 2/, with 3< or =n.Ar/sup +16asterisk/(1snp /sup 1/P)+H/sup +/ are presented and their cross sections are estimated.
Determining the Clustering Centers by Slope Difference Distribution

Clustering is fundamental in image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, and data analysis. For robust clustering, the prerequisite condition is determining the clustering centers robustly. In this paper, we propose to determine the clustering centers from the slope difference distribution of the data. The proposed method comprises two parts: 1) computation of the slope difference distribution from the original data distribution and 2) selection of the peaks of the slope distribution as the clustering centers. We tested the proposed method with two different types of synthesized data sets: 1) data with Gaussian noise and 2) data with salt and pepper noise. Experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods: K-means method, expectation maximization method, and fuzzy C-means method. The significance of determining the clustering centers robustly is also verified by a demonstration.
Activity and ecological implications of maize‐expressed transgenic endo‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase in agricultural soils

Plant expression of thermostable endoglucanase (E1) has been proposed for improved conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol for fuel production. Residues of E1‐expressing maize may affect ecological services (e.g., C mineralization and biogeochemical cycling) on soils where they occur. Therefore, the activity of residual E1 was investigated using soils amended with bacterial and plant‐solubilized E1 compared with soil endogenous activity and residual activity from a mesostable cellulase (Aspergillus and Trichoderma spp.). An optimized analytical method involving a carboxymethyl cellulose substrate and dinitrosalicylic acid detection effectively assayed endoglucanase activity in amended and unamended soils and was used for determining E1 activity in 3 representative soils. The effect of E1 on soil carbon mineralization was determined by comparing CO2 evolution from soils amended with transgenic E1‐expressing and wild‐type maize tissue. Extraction and recovery of the mesostable comparator, bacterial E1, and plant‐soluble E1 showed nearly complete loss of exogenous endoglucanase activity within a 24‐h period. Carbon mineralization indicated no significant difference between soils amended with either the transgenic E1 or wild‐type maize tissue. These results indicate that maize residues expressing up to 30 µg E1/g tissue negligibly affect soil endoglucanase activity and CO2 respiration for representative soils where transgenic E1 maize may be grown. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:1996–2003. © 2014 SETAC