Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Control for Smart Grid with Integrated Renewable Distributed Generators

In this technical report we outline a control framework for a utility-maintained central power plant in a future smart-grid integrated with renewable distributed generators at customer premises having independent timedependent household load demands. In traditional electric grid planning, the uncertainty that the utility has to deal with arises mainly due to the random consumption behavior of households. However, in future smart-grids there is to be a second source of uncertainty due to the inherent intermittent nature of integrated renewable distributed generations such as solar, wind and tidal resources at customer premises that would also be integrated to the electric grid. Different demand response and demand side management schemes have been proposed to affect customer load demands, but not much work has been focused on mitigating the uncertainty due to this ever-increasing penetration of renewable generation. Difficulty comes from the fact that renewable generation can be heavily affected by weather\climate conditions. One approach to address this is to develop sophisticated prediction models of the natural environment which, however, could proven to be be even harder than general weather forecast since renewable generation can be a function of many weather condition factors, not to mention other factors related to renewable generation facilities. Thus it is important for the utility to be able to adjust its power output in real time, taking in to account all the uncertainties mentioned above. Towards this end, we first propose a finite state non-stationary Markov chain model to represent household load demands. The proposed model is tested against real measured data to justify its validity. Next, we propose a quadratic stochastic reference tracking scheme for the utility generation control. Based on the state space representation of an assumed synchronous generator, we propose control rules corresponding to different assumptions on reference signals. These assumptions corresponds to different levels of knowledge available to the utility, which are known deterministic reference signal, stochastic reference signal with known moments and stochastic reference signal with known reference system dynamics. Simulation results are presented for tracking performance analysis and comparison.
The Influence of Attitude on the Treatment of Interdentals in Loanwords : Ill-performed Importations

This article treats cross-linguistic variation in the treatment of /θ, ð/ in loanwords. We maintain that the phonological adaptation of /θ, ð/, cross-linguistically, is to /t, d/, that substitution by /f, v/, which occurs in a few languages, is based on faulty perception of the interdental fricatives, and that adaptation to /s, z/, which notably occurs in Japanese, European French and German, represents a flawed production-based attempt to import interdentals. We suggest that such flawed importation occurs when foreign sounds are difficult to produce but the source language holds sufficient prestige that it is deemed important to do so. This proposal is supported by data from, e.g., English, Greek and Classical Arabic. The treatment of interdentals parallels that of the difficult French phoneme /
Lime Mortars for the Conservation of Historic Buildings

Abstract Awareness of the need for compatible materials for the preservation of the architectural heritage has resulted in the revival of lime-based mortar technology and applications. However, knowledge of the preparation process and procedure influencing the final quality of lime mortars is limited, and controversy persists in the conservation community regarding the most appropriate material for conservation treatments (for example, hydrated lime versus aged lime putty). This paper reviews current knowledge on lime mortar technology, including burning, slaking, aging and carbonation of lime. Special emphasis is given to the effects of aging on the morphological evolution of hydrated lime and on the carbonation process, since these aspects have not been discussed thoroughly in the technical and conservation literature. The improvements observed in the physical properties of hydrated lime after prolonged storage under water can be attributed to particle size reduction (<1μm) and morphology changes (from prism to plate-like crystals). Studies on the carbonation of non-aged commercial hydrated lime and traditionally aged slaked lime revealed higher carbonation rates in the case of aged lime. Some recommendations are given for the processing of lime and the preparation of lime mortar for conservation treatments. The use of aged lime putty is recommended because this material, with higher plasticity and water-retention capacity, results in mortars of higher strength that carbonate faster.
Influence of repeated impact on damage growth in fibre reinforced polymer composites

Fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRP) are widely used in many sectors, mainly in aeronautical engineering for the elements of aircraft, including the skins. Due to the trends towards maintenance costs reduction and towards the reduction of aircraft structure weight, the demand level for durable and damage resistance materials is high [25]. These requirements are met by the composite structures characterized i.a. by high level of static and fatigue strength, low density and corrosion resistance. However they are characterized by limited resistance to impacts with concentrated force [19]. The resistance to impacts is particularly important in the scope of aircraft operation and their reliability. The aircraft are required to perform determined functions at determined time and operation conditions. The impacts may lead to degradation of individual structural elements and consequently to the reduction of their service life and finally affecting the safety level [21]. The dynamic loads may be generated in course of flight and ground handling of aircrafts e.g. by falling tools, collisions with loadJarosław BieniAś Barbara SurowSkA Patryk JAkuBczAk
Becoming obsolete: Bankruptcy through technological progress

This paper studies product obsolescence, the entry and exit of firms, and the evolution of firm size as foundation of endogenous economic growth. I develop a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogenous firms to analyze firm behavior in an economic environment that is characterized by a growing knowledge base. It uses a simple mechanism of knowledge diffusion that induces growth of the general knowledge base. The growing knowledge base forces small firms using the least knowledge intensive production processes to leave the economy, since competition from new entrants is tougher, since they developed their products starting from a larger knowledge base. Exiting firms are found to be smaller and less productive than survivors. Another main insight of the model is the evolution of a cohort's firm size distribution.
Perry, M. and Yan, Z. and Sun, Z. and Zhang, L. and Niewczas, P. and Johnston, M. (2014) High stress monitoring of prestressing tendons in nuclear concrete vessels using fibre-optic sensors. Nuclear Engineering

Maintaining the structural health of prestressed concrete nuclear containments is a key element in ensuring nuclear reactors are capable of meeting their safety requirements. This paper discusses the attachment, fabrication and characterisation of optical fiber strain sensors suitable for the prestress monitoring of irradiated steel prestressing tendons. The all-metal fabrication and welding process allowed the instrumented strand to simultaneously monitor and apply stresses up デラ ヱンヰヰ MP; ふΒヰ Х ラa ゲデWWノげゲ ┌ノデキマ;デW デWミゲキノW ゲデヴWミェデエぶく TエWヴW ┘WヴW ミラ ;S┗WヴゲW WaaWIデゲ デラ デエW ゲデヴ;ミSげゲ マWIエ;ミキI;ノ ヮヴラヮWヴデキWゲ ラヴ キミデWェヴキデ┞く AaデWヴ ゲWミゲラヴ ヴWノ;┝;デキラミ デエヴラ┌ェエ I┞IノキI ゲデヴWゲゲ デヴW;デマWミデが strain transfer between the optical fiber sensors and the strand remained at 69 %. The fiber strain sensors could also withstand the non-axial forces induced as the strand was deflected around a 4.5 meter bend radius. Further development of this technology has the potential to augment current prestress monitoring practices, allowing distributed measurements of shortand longterm prestress losses in nuclear prestressed-concrete vessels.
NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR EPILAYERS

By digital image processing based on the geometric phase method a lattice distor- tion field of GaAs/ZnTe/CdTe epilayer is reconstructed from HRTEM micrograph. The field is used next as input data to finite element code. A nonlinear elastic-plastic finite element algo- rithm is developed to predict the residual stress distribution induced by misfit dislocations in semiconductor heteroepitaxial layers. In the approach developed the important role takes elas- tic nonlinearity. The third-order elastic constants, usually determined experimentally in relation to the Green strain, are recalculated here to the logarithmic strain. Attention is also given to the modelling of elastic properties of dislocations. Paper shows numerical results obtained by means of the nonlinear finite element method.
Effect of Capital Structure on the Performance of Nigerian Listed Manufacturing Firms

This research study investigated the effect of capital structure on the performance of Nigerian listed manufacturing firms from 2004-2013. This is to determine the overall impact of capital structure on corporate performance of Nigerian quoted firms by establishing the relationship that exists between the capital structure choices of firms in Nigeria and their return on assets, return on equity, sales growth and earnings per share (as proxies to measure corporate performance). For the purpose of this study, secondary data obtained from the Nigerian stock exchange fact book were utilized. Multiple regression were used as a tool of data analysis and result of the findings revealed that, capital structure has no significant effect on return on equity but has significant effect on return of assets, earnings per share and sales growth of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that management of Nigerian quoted manufacturing firms should work very hard to optimize the capital structure of their quoted firms in order to increase the returns on equity, assets and earnings per share. They can do this through ensuring that their capital structure is optimal. It is also suggested that the Investors and stakeholders of quoted Manufacturing firms in Nigeria should also consider the leverage level of any firm before committing their hard earned money as the strength of a firm financing mix determine the quantum of their returns. Keywords: Capital Structure, Manufacturing Firms, Nigeria
Protein Expression in Gastric Carcinoma of Thai Patients at Phramongkutkloa Hospital HER 2 Protein Expression in Gastric Carcinoma of Thai Patients at Phramongkutkloa Hospital Sripratum T

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (GEJC) are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positivity is a significant negative prognostic factor for GC and a wide range of HER2-positivity rates (6-35%) have been reported. The international ToGA trial (trastuzumab with chemotherapy in HER2-positive advanced GC) is the first large phase III trial to provide prospective information on the incidence of HER2 positivity in advanced GC. Objective: To assess the percentage of HER2 positivity in gastric carcinoma by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for protein overexpression and the correlation with histological findings. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were collected from GC patients in Phramongkutklao hospital. The HER2 status of GC samples was determined using previously validated HER2detection methods: immunohistochemistry (IHC) by primary immunoreagent 4B5 (PATHWAY_HER-2 rabbit monoclonal antibody) using the Ventana automated slide staining IHC system. Samples identified as IHC 3+ were defined as HER2 positive. We analyzed these HER2 positivity findings in relation to the status of tumor and to the histological subtype. Result: Tumors from 68 patients were centrally tested for HER2 status: 18 of 68 cases (26.5%) were HER2. Tumor types (Lauren’s classification) are 36 cases of intestinal type, 22 cases of diffuse type, and 10 cases of mixed type. Tumor grades are 8, 24, and 36 cases of well, moderate, and poorly differentiated tumors respectively. Age, sex and pathological subtype are not significant affected HER2 status in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Only tumor grading has shown correlation with HER2 overexpression. Conclusion: The prevalence of HER2-positive in gastric cancer from this study was similar to other studies in Western countries and had highest percentage of intestinal sub-type in HER2-positive. Interestingly, we found that high prevalence of well-differentiated in HER2-positive which has been postulated that there are other unknown factors which related clinical outcome beside HER2 over-expression.
Global production networks: realizing the potential

Understanding and conceptualizing the complexities of the contemporary global economy is a challenging but vitally important task. In this article, we critically evaluate the potential of one interpretive framework—the global production networks (GPN) perspective—for analysing the global economy and its impacts on territorial development. After situating the approach in relation to other cognate chain/network approaches, the article proceeds to review and evaluate a number of underdeveloped areas that need to be understood and incorporated more fully if the framework is to deliver on its early potential. The article concludes with a consideration of the key research issues facing work in this area.
Assessing the oral health literacy: A review

Oral health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate oral health decisions. The current review is based on some of the extensive literature in health literacy, much of it focused on the intersection of low literacy and the understanding of basic health care information. Health literacy is a non-pharmacological method of managing and preventing diseases. There are three distinct levels in oral health literacy, i.e. functional, interactive and critical. Health literacy is important for all adults, who must be able to read articles and magazines about oral and general health prevention, interpret instructions on prescription bottles and over-the-counter medications, manage the healthcare needs of their children and ageing parents and interpret insurance and Medicare rules, regulations and benefits. There are several factors which impact on low health literacy level in the community. Poor health literacy is considered as a contributor of poor oral health status in an individual, poor heath outcome in a community and health inequalities. The dental profession is indeed changing the tide and now recognizes that several solutions can be implemented to ensure effective communication becomes a national organizational priority to improve oral healthcare.
Economic Dualism And Finance: The Lower Mississippi Delta

A multiple discriminant model is used to test the pervasive nature of economic dualism in the Lower Mississippi Delta Region (LMDR). Much of the policy discussion by The Delta Commission and the Congressional Delta Caucus has tended to focus on local financial constraints. While bank deposits and restrictive branching laws entered the discriminant function, our results suggest that the problems of the Delta are economically and socially pervasive. In addition to finance, public policy in the LMDR should also promote investment in human capital.
Why do disk galaxies present a common gas-phase metallicity gradient?

CALIFA data show that isolated disk galaxies present a common gas-phase metallicity gradient, with a characteristic slope of -0.1dex/re between 0.3 and 2 disk effective radius re (Sanchez et al. 2014). Here we construct a simple model to investigate which processes regulate the formation and evolution.
Hard and Soft Mega-Media Conglomeration: Has Sony's Strategy Created Synergies?

Sony Corporation acquired CBS Records and Columbia Pictures in 1988 and 1989, respectively. The total of seven billion-dollar acquisitions made possible the vertical integration of hardware (Sony) and software media companies (CBS Records and Columbia Pictures). Now, Sony (media and entertainment divisions only) is one of the largest media group in the world. It is apparent that Sony aimed at creating synergies out of the integration (Neubauser & Cowley, 1992; Jeffrey, 1993). A few years after the acquisition, however, critics said that the combination of hardware and software did not churn out any magical “synergy” at all (for example, see Sims, 1993; Williams, 1993; The Economist, 1994 & 1997b). However, it may have been too early at the early stage to judge whether or not Sony’s conglomeration was a successful case that created “synergy. ” In addition, new information technology such as WWW (World Wide Web) was still in its infancy in the early 1990s, but it drastically changed the media business environment in the late 1990s. For example, Internet business and media content business have been merged into a single entity such as AOL Time Warner. It is thus necessary to investigate synergy effects in the new media environment. More than a decade after the big deals, it may be the right time to assess the synergies from the hard-soft combination, if any. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Sony’s acquisitions of these two entertainment companies on its economic performance by focusing on the U.S. market. The effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in terms of synergies is controversial. Adams and Brock (1989) criticize mega-mergers and acquisitions in general and say that M&A is “[a] profitable game, perhaps, for the players, but hardly an adventure in creative capitalism” (p. x). On the other hand, proponents for M&A
Characterization and Marmelade processing potential of quince cultivars cultivated in tropical regions

With the purpose of adding value to the final product and aiming to identify which cultivars implanted in tropical regions are more appropriate for the processing of marmelade, the objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the influence of different cultivars of quince (‘Fuller’, ‘Smyrna’, ‘Portugal’, ‘Provence’, ‘Mendonza Inta-37’, ‘Alaranjado’, ‘Lajeado’, ‘CTS 207’, ‘D’Angers’ and ‘Bereczy’) grown in tropical Brazilian regions, on the physical-chemical characteristics, rheological properties and the consumer acceptance of the obtained marmelade. The different quince cultivars presented great variability among themselves in relation to physical and physicochemical characteristics. However, the cultivars studied gave rise to marmelades that were similar to each other, which had a high sensory acceptance, except for the cultivar Mendonza Inta-37, which resulted in a less accepted marmelade.
Trajectories of sinking particles and the catchment areas above sediment traps in the northeast Atlantic

A Lagrangian analysis of particles sinking through a velocity field observed by Eulerian frame measurements was used to evaluate the effects of horizontal advection and particle sinking speed on particle fluxes as measured by moored sediment traps. Characteristics of the statistical funnel above moored deep-ocean sediment traps at the German JGOFS quasi-time series station at 47N, 20W (Biotrans site) were determined. The analysis suggests that the distance and direction between a given sediment trap and the region at the surface where the particles were produced depends on the mean sinking velocity of the particles, the horizontal velocity field above the trap and the deployment depth of the trap. Traps moored at different depths at a given mooring site can collect particles originating from different, separated regions at the surface ocean. Catchment areas for a given trap vary between different years. Typical distances between catchment areas of traps from different water depth but for a given time period (e.g., the spring season) are similar or even larger compared to typical length scales of mesoscale variability of phytoplankton biomass observed in the temperate northeast Atlantic. This implies that particles sampled at a certain time at different depth horizons may originate from completely independent epipelagic systems. Furthermore catchment areas move with time according to changes in the horizontal flow field which jeopardizes the common treatment of interpreting a series of particle flux measurements as a simple time series. The results presented in this work demonstrate that the knowledge of the temporal and spatial variability of the velocity field above deep-ocean sediment traps is of great importance to the interpretation of particle flux measurements. Therefore, the one-dimensional interpretation of particle flux observations should be taken with care.
Export and Import Cointegration in Forestry Domain: The Case of Malaysia

This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between the export and import in the category of Forestry domain for Malaysia which includes sub domain (1)industrial roundwood; (2)wood pulp; (3)wood fuel; (4) paper and paper board; (5) sawn wood; (6) recovered paper and (7)wood base panel. Johansen (1991) cointegration method was employed and the period of the study covers monthly data from 1961 to 2007. The results clearly show that the export and import of forestry domain is highly cointegrated. Bi-directional granger causality could be detected based on VECM method. Imports seems to positively and significantly affect exports, both in the long run and short run, vice versa.
Gauge Gravity: a forward-looking introduction

This article is a review of modern approaches to gravity that treat the gravitational interaction as a type of gauge theory. The purpose of the article is twofold. First, it is written in a colloquial style and is intended to be a pedagogical introduction to the gauge approach to gravity. I begin with a review of the Einstein-Cartan formulation of gravity, move on to the Macdowell-Mansouri approach, then show how gravity can be viewed as the symmetry broken phase of an (A)dS-gauge theory. This covers roughly the first half of the article. Armed with these tools, the remainder of the article is geared toward new insights and new lines of research that can be gained by viewing gravity from this perspective. Drawing from familiar concepts from the symmetry broken gauge theories of the standard model, we show how the topological structure of the gauge group allows for an infinite class of new solutions to the Einstein-Cartan field equations that can be thought of as degenerate ground states of the theory. We argue that quantum mechanical tunneling allows for transitions between the degenerate vacua. Generalizing the tunneling process from a topological phase of the gauge theory to an arbitrary geometry leads to a modern reformulation of the Hartle-Hawking 'no boundary' proposal.