Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF THE LATERALISATION OF CLICKS AND THEIR ECHOES

A computational model was developed to describe the results of psychophysical experiments that investigated the precedence effect with clicks. The model includes several processing steps: First, the signals to the two ears were passed through a bandpass filter simulating the frequency selectivity of the peripheral auditory system. The center frequency of the specific filter was determined by an algorithm that considered both the spectral characteristics of the signals to each ear as well as a "dominance region" around 750 Hz where the interaural delay characteristics of the signals are particularly effective in lateralisation. The filtered signals at each ear were then half-wave rectified and the resultant patterns taken to represent the post-stimulus-time histograms of an auditory nerve fiber's response to a click. The auditory filters were assumed to be linear and time invariant within the small relevant operating range. The simulated temporal response probabilities for each ears’ signal provided the direct input to a short-term interaural cross-correlation device and a device that extracts information about interaural differences in amplitude. A correlate of the subjective intracranial lateral position was estimated from a linearly weighted sum of the information from the interaural delay and interaural amplitude processors. Lateralisation discrimination "thresholds" were computed in the model by varying the interaural parameters of the stimuli until the lateral position estimate reached a predetermined threshold lateral position. The model was capable of describing many of the major trends in the psychophysical data, even though there was no explicit postonset inhibitory mechanism built into the model. This was a surprising finding since nearly all models of the precedence effect require some type of inhibition. The model provides insights into mechanisms for the precedence effect and binaural hearing in general.
Figure 1. Artificial life modeling and the computer graphic animation modeling hierarchy.

An early milestone in computer graphics modeling for animation was combining geometric models and (direct and inverse) kinematic models to simplify keyframing. In the mid1980s, researchers began incorporating physical principles to develop physical models for animating particles, rigid bodies, deformable solids, fluids, and gases, helping generate copious quantities of realistic motion through dynamic simulation. In the context of physics-based modeling, biomechanical modeling employs simulated physics to automate the lifelike animation of animals with biological tissue and internal muscle actuators. More recently, research in behavioral modeling has progressed toward self-animating characters that react appropriately to perceived environmental stimuli. At the apex of the modeling pyramid, cognitive modeling has emerged as the use of artificial intelligence techniques, including knowledge representation, reasoning, and planning, to produce graphical characters with some level of deliberative intelligence and free will. ALife modeling spans the biomechanical-to-cognitive layers of the pyramid and investigates the possibility of applying evolutionary models to evolve graphical characters or aspects of their bodies and brains.
FED: FUZZY EVENT DETECTION MODEL FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Event detection is one of the required services in sensor network applications such as environmental monitoring and object tracking. Composite event detection faces several challenges.The first challenge is uncertainty caused by variety of factors, while the second one is heterogeneity of sensor nodes in sensing capabilities. Finally, distributed detection,which is vital to facilitate uncovering composite events in large scale sensor networks, is challenging.We devised a new fuzzy event detection model which is called FED that benefits from fuzzy variables to measure the intensity as well as the occurrenceof detected events. FED uses fuzzy rules to define composite eventsto enhance handling uncertainty. Moreover, FED provides a node level knowledge abstraction, which offers flexibility in applying heterogeneous sensors. The model is also applicable to a clustered network for distributed event detection. The simulation results show that FED is less sensitive to environmental noise and performs better in terms of percentage of detected eventscompare to a similar approach.
Study and resolution of singularities for a 6-DOF PUMA manipulator

In this paper, the singularities of a 6-DOF PUMA manipulator are analyzed in detail and all the corresponding singular directions in task space are clearly identified. In order to resolve this singularity problem, an approach denoted Singularity Isolation plus Compact QP (SICQP) method is proposed. The SICQP method decomposes the work space into achievable and unachievable (i.e., singular) directions. Then, the exactness in the singular directions are released such that extra redundancy is provided to the achievable directions. Finally, the Compact QP method is applied to maintain the exactness in the achievable directions, and to minimize the tracking errors in the singular directions under the condition that feasible joint solutions must be obtained. In the end, simulation results for PUMA manipulator are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SICQP method.
Knowledge and Reasoning for Answering Questions

Research has shown that answers do not exist in biomedical corpora for many questions posed by physicians. We have therefore developed a question filtering component that determines whether or not a posed question is answerable. Using 200 clinical questions that have been annotated by physicians to be answerable or unanswerable, we have explored the use of supervised machine-learning algorithms to automatically classify questions into one of these two categories. We also have incorporated semantic features from a large biomedical knowledge terminology. Our results show that incorporating semantic features in general enhances the performance of question classification and the best system is a probabilistic indexing system that achieves an 80.5% accuracy. Our analysis also shows that stop words may play an important role for separating Answerable from Unanswerable.
Tracking of Human Groups Using Subtraction Stereo

In this paper, we propose a method for tracking groups of people using three-dimensional (3D) feature points obtained with use of the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi feature tracker (KLT) method and a stereo camera system called "Sub- traction stereo". The tracking system using subtraction stereo, which focuses its stereo matching algorithm to foreground regions obtained by background subtraction, is realized using Kalman filter based tracker. The effectiveness of the pro- posed method is verified using 3D scenes of people walking, which are difficult to track.
THE SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS INTERFACE OF PRESENT-DAY AND OLD ENGLISH SPEECH VERBS: SAY AND TELL VERSUS SECGAN AND TELLAN

The aim of this paper is to analyse the syntax-semantics interface of the Old English speech verbs secgan and tellan, and the Present-day English speech verbs say and tell, respectively, in order to show the differences in each language when linking their syntactic and semantic representations. In this analysis the concept of lexical template has been applied as a lexical representation which includes syntactic and semantic information within the same format and allows us to capture linguistic regularities. Moreover, taking into account the syntactic alternations of these verbs a comparison between them will be established in terms of the degree of semantic prototypicality that they show within their respective domains and with respect to their transitivity
Dynamically Testing Graphical User Interfaces

Software test generation for GUIs is a hard problem. The goal of this thesis is to investigate different methods for dynamically generating tests for GUIs. We introduce the concept of an event-pair graph, which is used to represent and measure test suites, and show how it can be used to generate tests and measure GUI coverage. Before we can begin generating tests, we first want to determine which is better: a small test suite with a few long tests or a large test suite with many short tests. Therefore, we designed and conducted a study to determine which is more effective. We found that moderate to long tests perform better than short tests. We then move on to discuss seven test generation algorithms. Two are based on random selection, two are based on greedy selection, one is based on Q-Learning, and the last two are based on ant colony optimization. We conducted a study in order to compare the performance of each algorithm. We measured code coverage, GUI coverage, time to run, and faults found. The results show that the greedy algorithms performed the best. Finally, we conducted a study in order to determine if any of the GUI coverage metrics can be used to predict code coverage, and we conducted a study to determine if any of the coverage metrics can be used to predict the faults found. The results show that event pairs are good at predicting code coverage, and that predicting faults is difficult.
A reduced complexity RAKE receiver with decision feedback equalization for DS/SS communication over multipath fading channels

Spread spectrum communication over a multipath fading channel usually outperforms narrowband communication because the number of resolvable paths is higher when the signal bandwidth is larger. Unfortunately, the complexity of the optimum RAKE receiver is proportional to the ratio of the channel delay spread to the chip duration, which might be very large when the delay spread exceeds the symbol duration. We introduce a reduced complexity RAKE receiver, followed by decision feedback equalization. Assuming the multipath intensity profile of the channel consisting of distinct clusters with random delays (as is the case for the HF radio channel), we compare the performance of the proposed receiver with the performances of the optimum RAKE receiver for spread spectrum communication and the receiver for narrowband communication. Although the proposed receiver structure has a performance loss of a few dB as compared to the optimum RAKE receiver, we find that it still outperforms narrowband communication.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT FOR COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS INSTRUCTION

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii CHAPTER ONE Introduction. 1 Statement of the Problem . 5 Purpose of the Study . 6 Research Questions . 6 Justification of the Study . 6 Limitations of the Study . 7 Definition of Terms . 7 CHAPTER TWO Review of Literature. 9 Introduction . 9 Identification of Technical College Stakeholders . 9 Requirements of Assessment by Stakeholder . 11 Students . 12 Faculty . 13 Parents and Financial Sponsors . 13 Employers . 14 Alumni . 15 Competing Institutions . 15 Accrediting Agencies . 16 College Administration . 16 Alternative Assessment Methodologies . 17 Competency-Based Assessment . 18 Portfolio-Based Assessment . 23 Goal-Based Scenarios (GBS) . 24
Estimation of the domain of attraction for polynomial systems via LMIs

Investigation of the stability properties of stationary points of nonlinear systems lies at the heart of modern control engineering. In this contribution we show how modern results of real algebraic geometry, a branch of pure mathematics, is used to compute subsets of the region of attraction of asymptotically stable stationary points of polynomial systems. This computation is done in a numerically stable and efficient way by reformulating the problem as a linear matrix inequality (LMI). For this reformulation results from real algebraic geometry are used. The results presented show very clearly that a multidisciplinary approach to nonlinear control systems leads to new insight and new powerful conditions. Some conclusions and an outlook finish the contribution.
Discriminative Trainingof HiddenMarkov Models by Multiobjective Optimization forVisualSpeech Recognition

Thispaperproposes anovel discriminative training algorithm ofhiddenMarkovmodels(HIMMs) basedon the multiobjective optimization forvisual speech recognition. We develop anewcriterion composed oftwominimization objectives fortraining HMMs discriminatively andaglobal multiobjective optimization algorithm basedonthesimulated annealing algo- rithmtofindthePareto solutions oftheoptimization problem. We demonstrate theeffectiveness oftheproposed methodvia anisolated digit recognition experiment. Theresults showthat theproposed methodissuperior totheconventional maximum likelihood estimation andthepopular discriminative training algorithms.
Clustered Network MIMO and Fractional Frequency Reuse for the Downlink in LTE-A Systems

Interference is one of the major performance limiting factors in MIMO-based cellular systems. A promising interference coordination strategy being studied in 4G LTEAdvanced systems and beyond is Network MIMO. In systems based on Network MIMO, base stations (BSs) are pooled together to form a multi-cell virtual MIMO system and signal processing is done in a coordinated manner. Although the processing capability of BSs and backhaul capacity are improving, performing network MIMO on a global scale is highly complex and unscalable because of the amount of data exchange required. In this paper, a scalable interference coordination strategy of combining clustered network MIMO with fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is proposed for the downlink of a homogeneous LTE-Advanced system. The cell sum rate performance of this new strategy is shown to be comparable to that of global coordination and also significantly better than two existing approaches in the literature.
Emergency braking control with an observer-based dynamic tire/road friction model and wheel angular velocity information

A control scheme for emergency braking of vehicles is designed. The scheme utilizes a LuGre dynamic friction model to estimate the tire/road friction. The control system output is the pressure to the braking system, and is calculated using only the wheel angular speed information. The controller utilizes estimated state feedback control to achieve near maximum deceleration. The state observer gain is calculated by using linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. This system has two advantages when compared with an antilock braking system (ABS), it generates less chattering during braking and produces a source of a priori information regarding safe spacing.
Decision-Theoretical Navigation of Service Robots Using POMDPs with Human-Robot Co-Occurrence Prediction

To improve the natural human-avoidance skills of service robots, a human motion predictive navigation method is proposed, namely PN-POMDP. A human-robot motion co-occurrence estimation algorithm is proposed which incorporates long-term and short-term human motion prediction. To improve the reliability of probabilistic and predictive navigation, the POMDP model is utilized to generate navigation control policies through theoretically optimal decisions. A layered motion control structure is proposed that combines global path planning and reactive avoidance. Multiple comity policies are integrated with a decision-making module that generates efficient and human-compliant navigational behaviours for robots. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and reliability of the predictive navigation method.
Codes on graphs: normal realizations

Wiberg et al. (see European Transactions on Telelecommunications, vol.6, p.513-25, Sept./Oct. 1995) proposed graphical code realizations using three kinds of elements: symbol variables, state variables and local constraints. We focus on normal realizations, namely Wiberg-type realizations in which all symbol variables have degree 1 and state variables have degree 2. A natural graphical model of a normal realization represents states by leaf edges, states by ordinary edges, and local constraints by vertices. Any such graph may be decoded by message-passing (the sum-product algorithm). We show that any Wiberg-type realization may be put into normal form without essential change in its graph or its decoding complexity. Group or linear codes are realized by group or linear realizations. We show that an appropriately defined dual of a group or linear normal realization realizes the dual group or linear code. The symbol variables, state variables and graph topology of the dual realization are unchanged, while local constraints are replaced by their duals.
Low-power active mixer for Ku-band application using SiGe HBT MMIC technology

The authors demonstrate the application of a scaled commercially available SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor monolithic integrated circuit technology to active mixers at Ku band. The realised Gilbert cell mixer circuits operate with less than 35 mW power consumption, and show a conversion gain above 8 dB and double sideband noise figures of 17 dB at 20 GHz.
Combining phoneme identification neural networks into an expert system using spectrogram reading knowledge

A phoneme recognition expert system combining spectrogram reading knowledge and neural networks is described. Consonant recognition is performed in three stages: (1) consonant segmentation based on spectrogram reading knowledge, (2) consonant identification based on neural networks, and (3) final consonant determination combining the results of the consonant segmentation and identification stages. The mechanisms for combining consonant segmentation and identification are studied to enhance their respective advantages. Consonant recognition experiments show that the organic combination of segmentation and TDNN improves not only phoneme identification performance but also segmentation accuracy. Furthermore, it effectively reduces insertion errors. Vowel recognition uses phoneme-spotting neural networks for vowel detection and spectrogram reading knowledge for verifying its identity and the boundaries. The effectiveness of this approach is shown through a vowel detection experiment. <<ETX>>
The Influence of Narration on Attentional Distribution in Multimedia Instructional Materials

Purpose Education uses a wide range of media and sensory modalities to communicate ideas and concepts to and between students. With the explosion of use of multimedia tools has come an increased interest in learning sciences research into the cognitive basis of multirepresentational learning (e.g., Mayer & Moreno, 2003; Paas, Renkl, & Sweller, 2003; Ploetzner & Lowe, 2004). Goldman (2003) notes that both past and future work will focus on how information from how information is integrated from multiple representations to lead to meaningful learning. Mayer (2003) goes further by presenting a model whereby prior to integration comes selecting and organizing information from the representations. Ploetzner & Lowe (2004) emphasizes that finer-grained analysis of the subtleties of how learners interact with representations is needed if we are to understand how mental models are formed and modified. Most research in this area focuses on outcomes. More difficult is capturing insights as to what is transpiring during interaction with the representations. Goldman (2003) advocates the use of think-aloud protocols, though these techniques have welldocumented limitations (Ericsson & Simon, 1993). Another potential method for investigating the early stages of selecting and organizing elements of representations is through the use of eye tracking technologies. Pellegrino, Chudowsky, & Glaser (2001) note that eye-movement tracking has received little attention in the educational assessment literature. They go on to state that this technique shows promise in providing a “window on the mind” that compliments and augments other, more traditional ways of investigating cognitive and perceptual processes. Further investigation is warranted to uncover both the strengths and weaknesses of this methodological tool for understanding basic cognitive processes of multimedia learning.
Broadband characterisation of CPW transition and transmission line parameters for small reflection up to 94 GHz

This paper presents an alternate approach of de-embedding the coplanar waveguide (CPW) transition from the measured S-parameters of the CPW transmission line. It has the advantage that only S-parameters measurement on two transmission lines, with one double the length of the other, are required. Once the S-parameters for the CPW transition and transmission line has been distinguished from the measured S-parameters, they are separately characterised using lumped and standard two-port elements available in HP MDS respectively. Good agreement between the simulated and measured S-parameters of a third transmission line (with length different from the two used for characterisation) up to 94 GHz verifies this approach.
A heuristic approach for recognizing a document's language used for the Internet search engine GETESS

The authors illustrate how Internet documents can be automatically analyzed in order to identify the document's language. This language knowledge is then used for the Internet search engine, GETESS. The aim of the language classification heuristics is to ensure that documents with the same content, but different languages (e.g. in German and English), will not simultaneously be presented to the user as search results. The GETESS search engine only provides the results in the language relevant to the user. Consequently, the search-result set is narrower and more appropriately fits the needs of the user.
A Network Perspective on Spatial Data Infrastructures: Application to the Sub‐national SDI of Flanders (Belgium)

In order to provide a basis for quantitative and qualitative assessment of SDI‐performance, a clear definition and a theoretical framework for SDI are needed. From the various definitions and frameworks of SDI available in the literature, the productional and the geographic information process perspective were selected, combined and extended. From the productional perspective, SDI‐development is a dynamic process in which suppliers and users of spatial data interact to add value to the data by using them in applications and processes. The geographic information process perspective incorporates the “information acquisition – delivery – usage” chain. The extension proposed in this article leads to a network perspective on SDI. The nature of this perspective is described for the Flemish SDI. Its applicability to characterise and underpin the assessment of SDI is tested using a Social Network Analysis (SNA) focusing on the network structure parameters “density”, “distance” and “centrality”. The SNA confirms the applicability, usability and extensibility of the network perspective to characterize the SDI, to describe the data flows between stakeholders and to analyse the behaviour of the different (types) of stakeholders within the network. We conclude that SNA should likely be complemented by an impact analysis of different SDI setups on business processes which will provide a good basis for a holistic SDI‐performance assessment.
A miniature 17/12 GHz MMIC receiver for satellite communication

We have developed a novel high gain, low noise, miniature 17/12 GHz receiver with MMIC insertion for satellite communication. This receiver has a nominal conversion gain of 60+/-0.25 dB with gain adjustment range of 60 dB and noise figure of 1.6 dB. The third order intermodulation is 32 dBc @ -50 dBm input drive level, from 17.3 to 17.8 GHz at room temperature. It has a size of 5.7/spl times/1.8/spl times/0.3", a mass of 90 gm and a DC power consumption of 2.8 Watt.