Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seventeen Unrecorded Species from Gayasan National Park in Korea

Abstract Macrofungi play important roles in forest ecology as wood decayers, symbionts, and pathogens of living trees. For the effective forest management, it is imperative to have a comprehensive overview of macrofungi diversity in specific areas. As a part of the National Institute of Biological Resources projects for discovering indigenous fungi in Korea, we collected macrofungi in Gayasan National Park from 2017 to 2018. These specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) or the nuclear large subunit rRNA (LSU) region. We discovered 17 macrofungi new to Korea: Butyrea japonica, Ceriporia nanlingensis, Coltricia weii, Coltriciella subglobosa, Crepidotus crocophyllus, Cylindrobasidium laeve, Fulvoderma scaurum, Laetiporus cremeiporus, Lentinellus castoreus, Leucogyrophana mollusca, Marasmius insolitus, Nidularia deformis, Phaeophlebiopsis peniophoroides, Phanerochaete angustocystidiata, Phlebiopsis pilatii, Postia coeruleivirens, and Tengioboletus fujianensis. We described their detailed morphological characteristics.
Response of durum wheat varieties to water in semi- arid Algeria

Irrigation and varietal improvement are two major ways of increasing and stabilizing durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) production in semi-arid Mediterranean countries. A 3-year study was conducted in Khemis-Miliana (Upper Chelif, Algeria) to evaluate the yield response of six durum wheat genotypes to deficit irrigation. Grain yield in the unirrigated treatment ranged from 2.0 t.ha-1 (2008) to 2.8 t.ha-1 (2009). In rainfed conditions, the local variety Mohammed Ben Bachir (MBB) was the least productive (yield < 2.0 t.ha-1) but the most stable, being the most insensitive to early drought. Yields of Bousselem exceeded 3.0 t.ha-1 whereas Mexicali and Vitron had more variable and lower yields. Rainwater productivity (RWPg, the ratio of grain yield to precipitation) ranged from 0.5 (MBB) to 1.1 kg.m-3 for Bousselem, Chen’s, and Waha, three varieties known to be drought-tolerant. Deficit irrigation (140 mm) resulted in an increase in grain yield of 0.4 to 3.2 t.ha-1 depending on weather conditions and variety, with a mean response of 1.1 t.ha-1. Irrigating between shooting and booting increased straw production by 23% and grain production by 46% on average. The most explanatory components of final yield under rainfed management were the number of ears.m-² and the number of grains per ear, while under irrigated management the number of grains per ear and the thousand grain weight were more critical for yield determination. The development of irrigation on durum wheat could help to close the gap between current and attainable grain yields in semi-arid Algeria, provided groundwater is available and the flowering period escapes desiccating hot winds. Wheat breeding should be focused on developing genotypes with stable behavior under drought but which respond well to irrigation. Key words: Irrigation, drought, yield components.
A critical analysis on the uncertainty computation in ground-penetrating radar-retrieved dry snow parameters

The use of the ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) technique to estimate snow parameters such as thickness, density, and snow water equivalent (SWE) is particularly promising because it allows for surveying a large area in a relatively short amount of time. However, this application requires an accurate evaluation of the physical parameters retrieved from the radar measurements, which requires estimating each quantity involved in the computation along with its associated uncertainty. Conversely, the uncertainties are rarely reported in GPR snow studies, even if they represent essential information for data comparisons with other techniques such as the snow rod or snow pit methods. Snow parameters can be estimated from radar data as follows: The snow thickness can be computed from two-way traveltime if the snow average wave velocity is known; the snow density can be estimated from wave velocity using an appropriate mixing formula, and SWE can be computed once these two parameters have been calculated. Starting from published data, we have estimated the accuracy achievable by computing the overall uncertainty for each GPR-retrieved snow parameter and evaluated the influence of the different sources of uncertainties. The computation was made for three antenna frequencies (250, 500, and 1000 MHz) and various snow depths (0–5 m). We find that for snow thicknesses of less than 3 m, the main contribution to the uncertainties associated with snow parameters is given by the uncertainty on two-way traveltime estimation, especially for low antenna frequencies. However, for thicker snow depths, other factors such as the uncertainty on the antenna separation affect the overall accuracy and cannot be neglected. Our studies highlight the importance of the uncertaintiy assessment and suggest a rigorous way for their computation in the field of quantitative geophysics.
Sugar-sweetened beverages as risk factor of central obesity among women in reproductive age

Background: Several risk factors for central obesity include high Sugar-sweetened Beverages (SSBs) intake, lack of physical activity, and lack of sleep duration. High fructose corn syrup, the sweetener used in SSBs, increase body weight because of the bad effect of insulin secretion and leptin release. The fructose from this beverage can increase visceral adiposity accumulation . Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the intake of Sugar-sweetened Beverages (SSBs), physical activity , and sleep duration as risk factor s for central obesity among w omen in the reproductive Age Methods: This study used case-control design consists of 38 S ubject s in case and control groups. All women were in childbearing age (20-29 years) selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data taken were weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Food intake and sugar-sweetened beverage intake were obtained by using Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ) questionnaire. Physical activity data were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire. Sleep duration data were obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: There were a significant relationship between Sugar Sweetened Beverages intake (p = 0.002, OR =5.926), energy intake of SSBs (p = 0.035, OR = 2.979) physical activity (p = 0.035, OR = 0.3111), duration of morning sleep / afternoon (p = 0.000; OR = 9.44) and sleep duration (p = 0.028, OR = 4.42) with central obesity. But there were no significant relationship between energy intake (p = 0.375), carbohydrates (p = 0.1), protein (p = 0.3), fat (p = 0.1) and fibers with central obesity. Conclusion: H igh intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, short duration of night's sleep and the duration>2 hours/day of a long day sleep are risk factors f or increasing the incidence of central obesity among Women in reproductive Age.
Erratum: “Detection of Coherent Emission from the Bp Star HD 142990 at uGMRT Frequencies” (2019, ApJ, 877, 123)

In the published article, we reported the discovery of electron cyclotron maser emission ( ECME ) from the magnetic Bp star HD 142990 in band 4 ( 550 – 804  MHz ) of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ( uGMRT ) and also at 1420 MHz ( L band of the legacy GMRT ) . One of the characteristics of ECME is that it produces highly circularly polarized emission. We recently carried out a test in band 4 of the uGMRT and found that the convention for de ﬁ ning right and left circular polarizations is opposite to that of the IEEE ( Das et al. 2020 ) . As a result, an incorrect magnetoionic mode of emission for ECME was inferred from the sequence of arrival of the right and left circularly polarized pulses around the rotational phases corresponding to the zeros of the longitudinal magnetic ﬁ eld á ñ B z ( see Figure 1 ) . Thus, under the IEEE convention, the observed right and left circular polarizations ( RCP and LCP ) for HD 142990 discussed in the published article ( Das et al. 2019 ) should be interchanged, i.e., they are actually LCP and RCP, respectively. The correct magnetoionic mode suggested by the pulses near null 1, where á ñ B z  changes from negative to positive ( Figure 1 ) is the extraordinary ( X- ) mode. This implies that the ratio between plasma frequency and electron gyrofrequency w w < 0.3 p Sharma
Identifying the Optimal Features in Multimodal Deception Detection

Facial thermal imaging is a non-contact technology which can be useful for ubiquitous deceptive anxiety recognition. To date, studies investigating this technology have produced equivocal results in classification accuracy and finding the most correlated regions on the face. This study was conducted using our dataset with 41 subjects using two different protocols and three modalities (thermal, GSR and PPG). We selected and tracked five regions of interest (ROI) on each facial thermal imprint including periorbital, forehead, cheek, perinasal and chin that were mostly used in previous papers. By employing six statistical features, four feature reduction techniques and three classifiers, we attempted to identify the ROIs which are mostly associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system to increase the final classification accuracy rate. The results of linear classification models show significant improvement of classification accuracy by using ROC feature selection method. We achieved 90.1% and 74.7% accuracy rate for thermal features in mock crime and best friend scenarios, respectively. Our experimental results show that perinasal and cheek areas have greater discriminatory power in comparison with other ROIs on the face.
Primary succession on a seasonal tropical rocky shore: the relative roles of spatial heterogeneity and herbivory

Hong Kong is within the tropics and has a seasonal climate. In winter, shores support patches of ephemeral macroalgae and areas of seemingly bare rock close to crevices where mollus- can herbivores are abundant. Using a factorial design of herbivore exclusions in areas far and close to crevices, the development of algal assemblages was monitored in mid-shore, cleared areas, in win- ter. To estimate the role of herbivore mucus deposition, half the treatments received a mucus appli- cation. Algal development was estimated from macroalgal and biofilm development and chlorophyll a levels. In all areas, biofilms (diatoms, unicellular cyanobacteria) developed rapidly in herbivore exclusions followed by ephemeral macroalgae (Enteromorpha spp. and Porphyra suborbiculata). In herbivore access treatments, however, the algal assemblage was influenced by treatment location; few macroalgae developed in areas close to crevices, and the rock was dominated by cyanobacteria. A negative relationship between macroalgae and biofilms suggested that ephemeral algae were competitively dominant. In areas distant from herbivore refuges, ephemeral macroalgae did develop, illustrating that the effectiveness of molluscan herbivores was limited to 50 to 100 cm from these refuges. The absence of large herbivorous fish, and the sparse numbers of herbivorous crabs at this site, means that algae can achieve a spatial escape from consumption, and where this occurs compe- tition between producers is important in assemblage development. Mucus appeared to play a limited role, only sometimes stimulating initial stages of unicellular cyanobacteria and macroalgae. With the onset of summer, macroalgae died back, and rock space became available for colonization. Unicellu- lar cyanobacteria developed rapidly but were replaced in all treatments by the encrusting macroalga, Hapalospongidion gelatinosum, which dominated treatments until the end of the experiment. On seasonal, tropical shores processes influencing community structure can, therefore, be temporally variable and their relative importance, even at the same shore level, can change with season.
Vaccine Approaches for Pandemic COVID-19

The coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2 causative agent of the pandemic viral pneumonia disease COVID-19, identified in the late 2019. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine or therapeutics available to control the disease. Although, earlier research efforts of SARS pandemic (2003) provides the precious information to the researchers for fast track vaccine development. Research efforts for vaccine development of COVID-19 pandemic are unprecedented in terms of promising time period. The inactivated whole virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is first one developed and entered into clinical trial. However, later on after announce of complete genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine based on recombinant viral vector, nucleic acid and immunogenic fragment also introduced. Previous experience of undesired immunopotentiation in SARS-CoV studies represents, vaccine safety should be the main concern. Researchers believe that next generation vaccine approaches using recombinant technology such as viral vector or subunit protein-based vaccine will be more effective and safer. This review describes brief information of the major vaccine candidates and the current scenario of vaccine approaches against COVID-19 pandemic.
Generative adversarial network for road damage detection

Machine learning can produce promising results when sufficient training data are available; however, infrastructure inspections typically do not provide sufficient training data for road damage. Given the differences in the environment, the type of road damage and the degree of its progress can vary from structure to structure. The use of generative models, such as a generative adversarial network (GAN) or a variational autoencoder, makes it possible to generate a pseudoimage that cannot be distinguished from a real one. Combining a progressive growing GAN along with Poisson blending artificially generates road damage images that can be used as new training data to improve the accuracy of road damage detection. The addition of a synthesized road damage image to the training data improves the F‐measure by 5% and 2% when the number of original images is small and relatively large, respectively. All of the results and the new Road Damage Dataset 2019 are publicly available (https://github.com/sekilab/RoadDamageDetector).
Distinctions in Pitcher Morphology and Prey Capture of the Okefenokee Variety within the Carnivorous Plant Species Sarracenia minor

Abstract Morphological differences in trapping mechanisms of carnivorous plants may be a response to selection pressure to reduce competition among species and even conspecifics. However, few studies have investigated whether variation in plant morphology is related to prey capture. Here, we measured height, peristome width, and outer-trichome density in pitchers of Sarracenia minor (Hooded Pitcher Plant) and its variety, S. minor var. okefenokeensis (S. m. var. okefenokeensis). In addition, we compared arthropod-prey contents of pitchers between the typical short form and the tall Okefenokee variety and across seasons and sampling locations. Similar to findings in previous studies, we found that S. minor was an ant specialist with no influence of season or location. In contrast, S. m. var. okefenokeensis had a more generalist diet, and prey content varied across season and location. Pitchers of S. m. var. okefenokeensis were also significantly larger in height and peristome width with fewer outer trichomes than S. minor. Overall, differences in pitcher morphology appear to be correlated with prey contents. These results have important implications for our understanding of the evolution and diversification of carnivorous plants.
Role of lakes for organic carbon cycling in the boreal zone

We calculated the carbon loss (mineralization plus sedimentation) and net CO2 escape to the atmosphere for 79 536 lakes and total running water in 21 major Scandinavian catchments (size range 437–48 263 km2). Between 30% and 80% of the total organic carbon that entered the freshwater ecosystems was lost in lakes. Mineralization in lakes and subsequent CO2 emission to the atmosphere was by far the most important carbon loss process. The withdrawal capacity of lakes on the catchment scale was closely correlated to the mean residence time of surface water in the catchment, and to some extent to the annual mean temperature represented by latitude. This result implies that variation of the hydrology can be a more important determinant of CO2 emission from lakes than temperature fluctuations. Mineralization of terrestrially derived organic carbon in lakes is an important regulator of organic carbon export to the sea and may affect the net exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the boreal landscape.
Variación somaclonal y selección in vitro con toxinas como herramienta en la búsqueda de resistencia a enfermedades en plantas: revisión

Allelic diversity is a fundamental requirement for successful plant breeding programs. When gene pool is limited, several mechanisms are available for variability enrichment, for example, obtaining somaclonal variants through in vitro techniques. Somaclonal variation is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the procedures of plant tissue culture, through is possible to recover mutants with or without adaptive advantages. When this phenomenon is used to generate mutants with specific traits, through the use of an agent of artificial selection, the process is called in vitro selection. When looking for generating plant material that is resistant/tolerant to diseases, the agent of choice may be the causative organism, its parts, or its metabolic products, including toxins. Considerations of cost, simplicity and efficiency, make this technique particularly suitable for developing countries. In this paper, we review the scientific basis underpinning this method.
Vers une analyse automatique de la perception relative à un lieu (Towards an Automatic Analysis of Place Perception)

Le travail présenté s’intéresse à la perception qu’ont les habitants de leur ville en se fondant sur un corpus de conversations orales spontanées. La chaîne de traitement conditionnant l’analyse de la perception se décompose en trois étapes : la détection des noms de lieux, l’analyse de la perception identifiée et la visualisation cartographique des informations extraites.
C. elegans VWA-8 is a mitochondrial protein

Figure 1: (A) The endogenous expression pattern of VWA-8::GFP (ju1799). Scale bar: 50μm. (B) In hypodermis, VWA8::GFP colocalizes with a mitochondria marker (MitoTracker Red CMXRos). Scale bar: 5μm. (C) The GFP::3xFLAG tag is inserted before the stop codon (highlighted in yellow) of the F11C1.5a. 1 isoform. Exonal sequences are shown in uppercase.
THE MECHANISM OF SALT TOLERANCE IN HALOPHYTES

INTRODUCTION 89 BACKGROUND: THE BASIC PHYSIOLOGY 91 Conclusions 9S ION RELATIONS 96' Ion Uptake and Osmotic Adjustment 96 Nutrient Uptake: NalK Specificity 99 Ion Distribution within the Plant 100 Ion Distribution within the Cell 100 Metabolic evidence 100 Physical measurements . 104 Energetics 106 ROLE OF ORGANIC SOLUTES . 108 OrganiC Acids 108 Nitrogen Compounds 109 Carbohydrotes 110 CONCLUSIONS 114
Reproductive ecology of the endangered living rock cactus, Ariocarpus fissuratus (Cactaceae)1

Abstract The genus Ariocarpus comprises seven endangered species endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert. We studied the reproductive ecology of Ariocarpus fissuratus at Cuatrociénegas region, Mexico, in order to explore if reproductive traits influence population viability. The size of perianth, pistils and stamens, floral behavior and controlled pollination treatments were assessed to determine Cruden's outcrossing index (OCI), the outcrossing rate and the mating system. The breeding system was estimated with pollen/ovule ratios (P/O) and outcrossing rate was estimated by comparing progeny from self- and outcross-pollination treatments. Frequency and behavior of floral visitors was determined, and nectar production recorded. Ariocarpus fissuratus blooms synchronously during three weeks in autumn. Flowers display herkogamy and homogamy, and OCI and P/O ratio suggest xenogamy. Generalized linear mixed models were fitted to evaluate the effect of pollination treatment on fruit set and number of viable seeds yielded per fruit. Fruit set was significantly higher in the outcrossing treatment than in the selfing treatments. The mating system indicates that A. fissuratus is mainly an outcrosser, showing a partial self-incompatibility with low fruit set for hand self-pollination. Floral visitors are native solitary and introduced bees, and beetles cause high levels of florivory damage. Reproductive ecology suggests that the need for pollinators, presence of exotic pollinators, partial self-incompatibility and florivory negatively affect sexual reproduction and thus the persistence of this endangered species.
Temporal changes of gene frequencies in Cepaea hortensis

There have been few studies analysing long-term changes of gene frequencies in natural populations. This work is the first report of such changes in the land snail Cepaea hortensis (Mull). Collections of C. hortensis were made at Silbury Hill, Wiltshire in 1957, 1963 and 1978. The banded phenotype significantly declined in frequency between 1963 and 1978. It is argued that the decline, which was statistically homogeneous at 15 separate sites within the area, was a consequence of natural selection. The average selection coefficient against the banded homozygote is estimated to have been greater than 1096.
Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain CPBW01, Isolated from the Wings of the Colorado Potato Beetle in Xinjiang, China

Bacteria of the genus Stenotrophomonas are opportunistic and have been documented in the guts of several insect species. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of S. maltophilia strain CPBW01, isolated from the wings of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, collected from potato fields in Urumqi (43.71N, 87.39E), Xinjiang, China. ABSTRACT Bacteria of the genus Stenotrophomonas are opportunistic and have been documented in the guts of several insect species. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of S. maltophilia strain CPBW01, isolated from the wings of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, collected from potato fields in Urumqi (43.71N, 87.39E), Xinjiang, China.
Ectopic expression of nicotianamine synthase genes results in improved iron accumulation and increased nickel tolerance in transgenic tobacco

Heavy metals are essential for basic cellular processes but toxic in higher concentrations. This requires the precise control of their intracellular concentrations, a process known as homeostasis. The metal-chelating, nonproteinogenous amino acid nicotianamine (NA) is a key component of plant metal assimilation and homeostasis. Its precise function is still unknown. Therefore, this article aims to contribute new information on the in vivo function of NA and to evaluate its potential use for plant nutrition and crop fortification. For this purpose, a nicotianamine synthase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana was ectopically expressed in transgenic tobacco plants . The presence of extra copies of the nicotianamine synthase gene cosegregated with up to 10-fold elevated levels of NA in comparison with wild type. The increased NA level led to: (a) a significantly increased iron level in leaves of adult plants; (b) the accumulation of zinc and manganese, but not copper; (c) an improvement of the iron use efficiency in adult plants grown under iron limitation; and (d) an enhanced tolerance against up to 1 m M nickel . Taken together, the data predict that NA may be a useful tool for improved plant nutrition on adverse soils and possibly for enhanced nutritional value of leaf and seed crops .