Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improve the Efficiency of Load Balancing in Cloud Environment using DAG and Honey Bee Algorithm

-Load balancing is core part of public cloud computing. The process of load balancing increase the performance of cloud based services. Cloud based service provide hardware, software and platform as service. For the balancing of public cloud used two types of approach one is traditional approach and other is swarm based approach. The swarm based approach used particle of swarm optimization, ant colony optimization and glowworm swarm algorithm. for the balancing of load also used different policy such as busy and idle condition such technique are called cloud part ion based load balancing technique. In this paper modified the load balancing policy based on teacher based learning optimization. The teacher based learning optimization well knows meta-heuristic function used for the purpose of optimization and searching process. The modified load balancing policy simulated in cloudsim simulator. The cloudsim simulator developed in java technology and free available for research purpose. Our modified load balancing policy compare with two different techniques one is round robin and other is glowworm algorithm. our modified load balancing policy reduces load effect about 10-12%.
End-to-End Speech Recognition with Local Monotonic Attention

Most attention mechanism in sequence-to-sequence model is based on a global attention property which requires a computation of a weighted summarization of the whole input sequence generated by encoder states. However, it is computationally expensive and often produces misalignment on the longer input sequence. Furthermore, it does not fit with monotonous or left-to-right nature in speech recognition task. In this paper, we propose a novel attention mechanism that has local and monotonic properties. Various ways to control those properties are also explored. Experimental results demonstrate that encoder-decoder based ASR with local monotonic attention could achieve significant performance improvements and reduce the computational complexity in comparison with the one that used the standard global attention architecture.
MMP 2 is associated with glioma malignancy and patient outcome

Gliomas are fast growing and usually manifest in an aggressive infiltrative model. MMP2 overexpression is associated with brain tumor malignancy and metastasis formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MMP2 on glioma formation and clinical outcomes by performing analysis at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Methylation status and mRNA level were evaluated in 162 samples; the MMP2 protein level was analyzed in 28 patient preoperative and postoperative blood samples using protein microarray analysis and conventional ELISA. The MMP2 MSP analysis revealed a gradually increasing gene promoter demethylation frequency, and the KaplanMeier analysis showed that the methylated gene promoter is related to longer overall survival (Log-rank test X2 = 12.508, df = 1, P < 0.0001). Relative mRNA expression was significantly downregulated when the promoter was methylated. Pairwise comparison analysis showed statistically significant (Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.05) differences in the MMP2 expression median when comparing different glioma grades. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that low MMP2 expression was associated with better survival (Log-rank test X2 = 7.732, df = 1, P = 0.005). At the protein level, MMP2 expression in patient sera showed no differences between malignancy grades and patient preoperative and postoperative states, while the ELISA assay showed the tendency of accumulating MMP2 protein in higher malignancy patient sera samples. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the tendency of having a shorter survival time with a higher MMP2 protein level in patient sera. MMP2 has a significant role in glioma pathogenesis and could be used as a potential molecular marker for tumor progression.
Corruption: Diagnosis and Treatment

Political corruption poses a serious threat to democracy and its consolidation. Many anticorruption initiatives fail because they are nonpolitical in nature, while most of the corruption in developing and postcommunist countries is inherently political. Successfully fighting this kind of corruption requires far more than instituting best practices from advanced democracies. Electoral revolutions can lead to consolidated democracies only if they are followed by revolutions against particularism. Nothing short of such a revolution will succeed in curbing corruption in countries where particularism prevails.
Formulation, in vitro Characterization and Stability Studies of Fast Dispersing Tablets of Diclofenac Sodium

The present study was aimed to formulate, develop and evaluate the fast dissolving tablets of diclofenac sodium, used for the treatment of arthritis, inflammation, pain. Fast dissolving tablets of diclofenac sodium were prepared by direct compression method using crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants in concentrations of 5.3%, 6.6% and 8% w/w and in combination. In this work microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol are investigated as diluents. Prepared powder mixtures were evaluated for drug excipient compatibility with FTIR spectroscopy and DSC analysis. Prepared formulations are evaluated for In vitro dissolution, disintegration dispersion and wetting time. Formulation FCS6 prepared with combination of crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate at weight ratio of 6.6 and 2.3% showed better results compare with control. Post compression parameters like hardness (3.4 kg/cm 2 ) and friability (0.31%) are at good acceptable levels in accordance with official compendia. FCS6 showed improved dissolution (99.8 %) and dispersion (75 seconds) profiles compared to control. The FTIR and DSC showed no interaction between the drug and excipients. The optimized formula FCS6 showed good drug release characteristics with acceptable mouth feel and fast dissolving properties.
AUTOMATIC QUESTION GENERATION FOR 5W-1H OPEN DOMAIN OF INDONESIAN QUESTIONS BY USING SYNTACTICAL TEMPLATE-BASED FEATURES FROM ACADEMIC TEXTBOOKS

The measuring of education quality in school can be conducted by delivering the examination to the students. Composing questions in the examination process to measure students’ achievement in the school teaching and learning process can be difficult and time consuming. To solve this problem, this research proposes Automatic Question Generation (AQG) method to generate Open Domain Indonesian Question by using syntactical approach. Open Domain questions are questions covering many domains of knowledge. The challenge of generating the questions is how to identify the types of declarative sentences that are potential to be transformed into questions and how to develop the method for generating question automatically. In realizing the method, this research incorporates four stages, namely: the identification of declarative sentence for 8 coarse-class and 19 fine-class sentences, the classification of features for coarseclass sentence and the classification rules for fine-class sentence, the identification of question patterns, and the extraction of sentence’s components as well as the rule generation of questions. The coarse-class classification was carried out based on a machine learning with syntactical features of the sentence, namely: Part of Speech (POS) Tag, the presence of punctuation, the availability of specific verbs, sequence of words, etc. The fine-class classification was carried out based on a set of rules. According to the implementation and experiment, the findings show that the accuracy of coarse-class classification reaches 83.26% by using the SMO classifier and the accuracy of proposed fine-class classification reaches 92%. The generated questions are categorized into three types, namely: TRUE, UNDERSTANDABLE, and FALSE. The accuracy of generated TRUE and UNDERSTANDABLE questions reaches 88.66%. Thus, the obtained results show that the proposed method is prospective to implement in the real situation.
Hierarchical Bayesian detection algorithm for early-universe relics in the cosmic microwave background

A number of theoretically well-motivated additions to the standard cosmological model predict weak signatures in the form of spatially localized sources embedded in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations. We present a hierarchical Bayesian statistical formalism and a complete data analysis pipeline for testing such scenarios. We derive an accurate approximation to the full posterior probability distribution over the parameters defining any theory that predicts sources embedded in the CMB, and perform an extensive set of tests in order to establish its validity. The approximation is implemented using a modular algorithm, designed to avoid a posteriori selection effects, which combines a candidate-detection stage with a full Bayesian model-selection and parameter-estimation analysis. We apply this pipeline to theories that predict cosmic textures and bubble collisions, extending previous analyses by using: (1) adaptive-resolution techniques, allowing us to probe features of arbitrary size, and (2) optimal filters, which provide the best possible sensitivity for detecting candidate signatures. We conclude that the WMAP 7-year data do not favor the addition of either cosmic textures or bubble collisions to the standard cosmological model, and place robust constraints on the predicted number of such sources. The expected numbers of bubble collisions and cosmic textures on the CMB sky within our detection thresholds are constrained to be fewer than 4.0 and 5.2 at 95% confidence, respectively.
Survey on Two Layer Encryption System

Security and privacy are the major concern in the adoption of cloud technologies for the data storage purpose. To reduce these concerns one can use the encryption process. However, whereas encryption assures confidentiality of the data against the cloud, but encryption is not sufficient to support the enforcement of fine-grained organizational access control policies (ACPs). Under this approach, data owner can encrypt data before uploading on the cloud and re-encrypt it whenever user credentials are changed. Thus data owners have to pay high communication and computation cost. To overcome this issue, Two Layer Encryption (TLE) process is proposed to delegate the enforcement of fine-grained access control to the cloud. In this system, data owner performs a coarse-grained encryption and cloud performs fine-grained encryption. The TLE system is the NP-complete. This system assures the confidentiality of the data and preserves the privacy of users from the cloud.
Revisiting temporal failure independence in large scale systems

his report revisits the failure temporal independence hypothesis which is omnipresent in the analysis of resilience methods for HPC. We explain why a previous approach is incorrect, and we propose a new method to detect failure cascades, i.e., series of non-independent consecutive failures. We use this new method to assess whether public archive failure logs contain failure cascades. Then we design and compare several cascadeaware checkpointing algorithms to quantify the maximum gain that could be obtained, and we report extensive simulation results with archive and synthetic failure logs. Altogether, there are a few logs that contain cascades, but we show that the gain that can be achieved from this knowledge is not significant. The conclusion is that we can wrongly, but safely, assume failure independence! Key-words: checkpoint, failure independence, resilience. ∗ This report replaces INRIA Research Report RR-9078, which contains an earlier version of this work. A short version of this report appears in the proceedings of the FTS’17 workshop [1]. † Inria, LaBRI, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, France ‡ Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain § LIP, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS & Inria, France ¶ Univ. Tenn. Knoxville, USA Au sujet de l’indépendance temporelle des fautes dans les plates-formes à grande échelle Résumé : Ce rapport étudie l’indépendance temporelle des pannes qui surviennent dans les plates-formes de calcul scientifique à grande échelle. L’hypothèse d’indépendance est omniprésente dans les études. Un travail récent détecte des cascades, i.e., des séries de pannes consécutives et non-indépendantes, mais nous montrons que l’approche est incorrecte. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche, que nous mettons en oeuvre pour détecter des cascades dans les traces d’archive publiques. Certaines de ces traces contiennent bien des cascades. Puis nous concevons et comparons plusieurs algorithmes de checkpoint qui tiennent compte de la présence de cascades, dont plusieurs oracles, et nous évaluons leur performance par rapport à l’algorithme périodique classique, à la fois sur des traces d’archive et sur des traces synthétiques qui contiennent des cascades ”artificielles”. Le gain potentiel s’avère négligeable, et la conclusion est que nous pouvons supposer l’indépendance temporelle des pannes, à tort certes mais sans perte de performance avérée. Mots-clés : checkpoint, indépendance temporelle des fautes, résilience. Assuming failure independence 3
Nutritional Aspects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Clusters Afflicted with SOUR Shrivel Is Related to Functionality of Its Vascular Tissues

Mineral nutrition is essential to growth and development of various plant organs including fruits; consequently deficiency of any element leads to a myriad of physiological disorders, which in fruits are manifested as ripening anomalies. In this study, nutritional composition in tandem with vascular structure of healthy grape clusters and clusters afflicted with SOUR shrivel, a ripening disorder has been examined to unravel its mechanistic basis. The healthy berries without any affliction accumulated the highest amounts of all nutrients, which paralleled with functional xylem and phloem tissues in their cluster framework. Among the macro nutrients, K occurred as the dominant element followed by P, Ca, Mg and S whereas B was the predominant micro nutrient followed by Fe, Cu, and Zn. Although, the SOUR shrivel berries and the healthy appearing berries of afflicted clusters followed similar accumulation patterns, their amounts were significantly lower than the perfectly healthy berries without any SOUR shrivel. The low nutrient levels of SOUR shrivel berries corresponded to necrosis of phloem tissues and a red discoloration of xylem tissues in their cluster framework indicating that a lack of functional vascular tissues provoked the induction of SOUR shrivel by reducing influx of xylem and phloem mobile nutrients into the afflicted berries. Hence, periodic nutritional checks starting before veraison may aid in curbing the incidence of SOUR shriveling.
Comparison between polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of different parts of Capparis spinosa L

Introduction: Capparis spinosa L. , Capparidaceae is a shrub growing widely in Algeria. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of five parts of the plant were studied for their polyphenol and flavonoid contents. These extracts were also evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation effects. Material and Methods: determination of polyphenols and flavonoids was carried out using colorimetric methods. Antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation of extracts were performed using the established DPPH and beta carotene/linoleic acid tests. Results: The methanolic extracts contained higher total polyphenols and flavonoids than the aqueous extracts. The leaves and flowers were rich in polyphenols and/or flavonoids whilst the roots were relatively poor in these components. Furthermore, all extracts had anti-lipid peroxidation and antioxidant effects with higher levels in the flowers and the leaves (I% = 82.78 ± 2.64% and 80.94 ± 1.57%, respectively). Seeds have an importanteffect (I% = 64.02%) followed by fruits then roots (I% = 40.62% and 21.24%, respectively). Conclusion: These results demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation of all parts of Capparis spinosa and give a comparative data on the extracts of different parts that can be used in the diseases where inhibition of oxidative stress is required.
Ecophysiological and morphological parameters related to survival in grass species exposed to an extreme climatic event

An experiment was performed to elucidate interspecific differences in survival time of grass species subjected to an extreme climatic event. We exposed eight grass species to a simulated heat wave in the field (‘free air’ temperature increase at 11 � C above ambient) combined with drought. We determined whether interspecific differences in survival time were related to the responses of the species to the imposed stress or could be explained by their ecophysiological or morphological characteristics in unstressed conditions. Surprisingly, there was no effect of specific leaf area, but species with a higher total leaf area survived longer. This may arise from a greater water reserve in the plant as a whole, which could delay the desiccation of the meristem, or from reduced evaporation due to a higher leaf area index. Species in which the decrease in light-saturated stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate (Amax) was strongly related to the decrease in soil water availability (measured as soil relative water content and stress duration) survived longer than species in which gs and Amax likewise declined but responded more to daily fluctuations in irradiance, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit during the heat wave. We, therefore, hypothesize that interspecific differences in stress survival time might be related to the extent to which stomata react to changes in soil water conditions relatively to changes in other environmental and physiological factors. The results suggest that resistance to extremes is governed by other mechanisms than resistance to moderate drought.
DNA barcoding reveals micro-evolutionary changes and river system-level phylogeographic resolution of African silver catfish, Schilbe intermedius (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Schilbeidae) from seven populations across different African river systems

Background. Under the tropics, less than 40% of known fishes are identified to species-level. Further, the ongo- ing global change poses unprecedented threat to biodiversity, and several taxa are likely to go extinct even before they could be described. Traditional ecological theory suggests that species would escape extinction risk posed by global threats (e.g., climate change) only by migrating to new environments. In this study, we hypothesise that micro-evolutionary changes (evolution within species and populations) are also important mechanisms for the survival of Schilbe intermedius in Africa, a continent subjected to uneven distribution of climate severity. Materials and methods. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, known as animal DNA barcode, we tested this hypothesis by analysing the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relations between seven populations of S. intermedius across different African river systems. Results. We reveal a clear geographical patterning in genetic variations, with three clear clusters (southern Africa, eastern Africa, and western Africa). In southern Africa, the South African population is distinct from that of Namibia and Botswana. In addition, within Nigerian populations of silver catfish, two sub-clusters emerged from two isolated river systems. We suggest that the phylogeographic pattern within African silver catfish pop- ulations mirror the past effects of selection and gene flow, and that the split within Nigerian silver catfish popu- lations might be the result of micro-evolutionary adaptive responses to local selection pressures. Conclusion. We suggest that the strong genetic difference in African silver catfish among geographically isolat- ed river systems might be the result of in situ micro-evolutionary adaptive responses to changing environments, and that DNA barcode has potential beyond species delimitation.
Three-dimensional advance dynamic culture system promotes microvessel development from cultured endothelial cells in vitro

The present study describes a dynamic system that can be used in a three- dimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture environment which promotes new microvessel formation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in this study to form the inner lining of the microvessel, guided by the dynamic flow produced by our system within a 3D matrix made from fibrin. A 2D environment was used as a comparison. The dynamic flow was set to produce 5, 10, 15 or 20 dynes/cm2 shear stress to the cells in culture. Cultured HUVECs were observed for the increase in cell numbers and formation of microvessels. Cells cultured after 2 days demonstrated an increase in cell numbers when subjected to 10dynes/cm2 or more. By day 4, cells appeared to have altered morphologies and were oriented towards the direction of fluid flow. From the fluorescence images observed, it became apparent that there were microvascular channels forming in the 3D cultures. Our dynamic flow system appears to influence endothelial cells to promote microvascular formations in a 3D environment.
MONITORING AND HABITAT ANALYSIS FOR WOLVES IN UPPER MICHIGAN

Abstract Gray wolves (Canis lupus) in upper Michigan, USA, have been monitored since 1991 when breeding activity in mainland Michigan was documented for the first time since 1954. Based on winter track counts, the mean annual rate of increase in abundance was 19% from 1995 to 2002, with the population reaching an estimated 278 animals in 2002. Our objectives were to (1) increase the efficiency of wolf management in Michigan by evaluating alternative and less extensive sampling approaches for population estimation, and (2) evaluate habitat for wolves based on occupancy after a decade of recovery. For the first analysis, we created 22 discrete sampling units that cover upper Michigan, and we evaluated abundance estimates based on various sampling plans using known distribution and populations from the 2000–2002 winter track surveys. We evaluated each plan based on the precision, bias, and confidence interval coverage. A random sampling plan with regression estimator returned the most precise estimates, but a stratified sampling plan, using low, medium, and high wolf density strata had the greatest precision at lowest effort. For the habitat evaluation, we compared white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) deer density and road density between wolf pack locations from 1995 to 2001 to random locations outside of the current wolf range. We estimated white-tailed deer density by a spatial interpolation of pellet group counts. Our resource selection function indicated that probability of wolf occupation of an area was positively correlated with deer density, and it was relatively constant for road densities <0.4 km/km2 but declined sharply at higher road densities. For areas habitable by wolves in upper Michigan, we predict a road density threshold of 0.7 km/km2 and a deer density threshold of approximately 2.3–5.8 deer/km2. We believe that these results will aid managers who need to estimate wolf abundance and predict wolf distribution.