Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gross-Pitaevskii Vortex Motion with Critically Scaled Inhomogeneities

We study the dynamics of vortices in an inhomogeneous Gross-Pitaevskii equation $i \partial_t u = \Delta u + {1\over \varepsilon^2} (p_\varepsilon^2(x) - |u|^2)$. For a unique scaling regime $|p_\varepsilon(x) - 1 | = O(|\log \varepsilon|^{-1})$, it is shown that vortices can interact both with the background perturbation and with each other. Results for associated parabolic and elliptic problems are discussed.
Lessons from the past: Familial aggregation analysis of fatal pandemic influenza (Spanish flu) in Iceland in 1918

The pandemic influenza of 1918 (Spanish flu) killed 21–50 million people globally, including in Iceland, where the characteristics and spread of the epidemic were well documented. It has been postulated that genetic host factors may have contributed to this high mortality. We identified 455 individuals who died of the Spanish flu in Iceland during a 6-week period during the winter of 1918, representing >92% of all fatal domestic cases mentioned by historical accounts. The highest case fatality proportion was 2.8%, and peak excess mortality was 162/100,000/week. Fatality proportions were highest among infants, young adults, and the elderly. A genealogical database was used to study relatedness and relative risk (RR) of the fatal influenza victims and relatives of their unaffected mates. The significance of these RR computations was assessed by drawing samples randomly from the genealogical database matched for age, sex, and geographical distribution. Familial aggregation of fatalities was seen, with RRs for death ranging from 3.75 for first-degree relatives (P < 0.0001) to 1.82 (P = 0.005), 1.12 (P = 0.252), and 1.47 (P = 0.0001) for second- to fourth-degree relatives of fatal influenza victims, respectively. The RRs within the families of unaffected mates of fatal influenza victims were 2.95 (P < 0.0001), 1.27 (P = 0.267), 1.35 (P = 0.04), and 1.42 (P = 0.001), for first- to fourth-degree relatives, respectively. In conclusion, the risk of death from the Spanish flu was similar within families of patients who succumbed to the illness and within families of their mates who survived. Our data do not provide conclusive evidence for the role of genetic factors in susceptibility to the Spanish flu.
In silico functional profiling of individual prostate cancer tumors: many genes, few functions.

BACKGROUND Identification of genes that are differently expressed is a common approach used to analyze genetic mechanisms underlying cancer development. However, recent study results suggest that many such genes relate to a small number of biological functions. We hypothesized that analysis of these functions provides a better understanding of tumor biology than does actual identification of these genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We re-analyzed publicly available gene expression data for paired samples of prostate tumor and adjacent normal tissue from the same patients to identify genes differently expressed in individual tumors and then used them to identify the functions. RESULTS We found significant interindividual variation in the type and the number of functions. After adjusting for redundancy and nonspecificity of the functional terms, we identified seven functions. Several of them showed a strong association with clinical traits, e.g. age at diagnosis, preoperative prostate-specific antigen concentration, Gleason grade, and biochemical recurrence. Actin cytoskeleton was the function most frequently associated with clinical traits. Of note, the association between function and clinical traits was much stronger than that between the genes differently expressed and those traits. CONCLUSION Different prostate tumors differ in their functional profiles. Functions of differently expressed genes are strongly associated with clinical traits. This suggests that analysis of functions of differently expressed genes may provide a better description of tumor biology than does analysis of the respective genes.
LA COMMUNICATION DES INFORMATIONS SUR LE CAPITAL IMMATERIEL DE L’ENTREPRISE: APPROCHES THEORIQUES

The study of the diffusion of intangible assets is based on the determinants well known in financial theory, since it is a matter for companies to increase the liquidity of securities, to reduce uncertainty or to reduce asymmetry Information to which these assets are particularly sensitive. We have sought in our paper to show that this dissemination policy can also respond to the company's desire to exchange information with its environment in order to innovate. On the other hand, the company can also seek to increase its legitimacy by disclosing strategic information in order to attract stakeholders to a project.
Media Coverage and IPO Pricing Around the World

We study how media coverage impacts pricing of IPOs around the world. Higher media coverage in the pre-IPO period leads to lower IPO initial returns. The effect is mitigated in countries with better financial reporting quality, greater shareholder rights protection, and more stringent media censorship, and for IPOs “certified” by reputable intermediaries, while it is amplified in countries with higher levels of media penetration and media trust. Further, IPOs with higher pre-IPO media coverage have lower ex-post price revision volatility. Our findings suggest that higher pre-IPO media coverage reduces information asymmetry among investors, leading to less underpriced IPOs.
Entrepreneur—A Jockey or a Horse Owner?

The business literature has long been concerned with understanding why people become entrepreneurs. This literature, however, has mixed together two important issues — founding a new business and being the right person to operate it. Up until recently, entrepreneurship scholars have largely believed that founders run their ventures personally. Yet it is not clear from either a theoretical or an empirical standpoint why this should be the case. Indeed, entrepreneurs are often criticized for having limited business expertise and placing personal motives ahead of financial returns. Whether founders are optimal managers for their firms strongly depends on their motives for operating the firm personally, i.e., whether their decision is driven by expected non-pecuniary benefits of management or by more strategic considerations. In our paper, we use fine-grained data on entrepreneurs in Denmark to examine what motivates them to operate their firms personally as opposed to hiring a manager. We find that while nonpecuniary motives play a role in the founders’ decision to operate their firms personally, opportunity cost of owner-management and relevant prior experience are equally important. Thus, entrepreneurs put significant emphasis on the characteristics that would improve firm performance and their overall wealth. Our findings are similar for entrepreneurs in high-technology and low-technology sectors as well as for founders who hire non-family and family managers. We also observe that when founders do not manage their firms personally, they typically work full-time at another firm or play a non-managing role in their own venture. In our subsequent analysis, we investigate how these two types of non-managing founders differ, providing further insights into their behavioral motives.
Mechanism of protection of live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus: coevolution of viral and immune responses.

The best evidence that it will be possible to develop an effective HIV vaccine is based on studies of the ability of live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to provide protection from pathogenic strains of SIV [1,2]. Although safety concerns have shelved plans for using live attenuated HIV vaccines in humans [3–5], attenuated SIVs and the rhesus macaque model remain the best hope for understanding the mechanisms underlying effective HIV immunization. Here, I hypothesize that a surprisingly often-overlooked aspect of attenuated SIV biology is that although attenuated, the virus still retains sufficient replicative capacity to evolve in vivo [5–10] and this has important implications for understanding its mechanism of protection. For if attenuated SIVs evolve and diversify in response to immune pressure, so too will the immune system evolve and diversify in response to viral evolution. The end result of all this immune/viral competition will be a much broader and more balanced immune response than if viral immune escape had not occurred. Therefore, upon challenge with a pathogenic but closely related
The impact of active labor market policies on the employment outcomes of youth graduates in the Tunisian governorates

In this paper, we analyze the impact of determinant factors on the employment of youth graduates in Tunisian governorates, and the effectiveness of active labor market policies. Our main objective is to identify the relationship between active labor market policies and professional insertion by considering regional disparity. We especially distinguish between the inland areas (the West areas) characterized by the highest youth unemployment rates, and the coastal areas (the East areas) where this problem is less important. This paper is different and novel. It is the first work that analyses youth employment by governorate using the database of the National Employment and Self Employment Agency (ANETI 2013) -relative to the Ministry of Vocational Training and Employment. We have found regional disparities in the access to active labor market policies and employment. More precisely, the youth have more chance to be employed if they have more scarce qualifications, have participated to any active labor market policy and are from the coastal regions of the country.
Viable fungi in indoor air in homes and schools in the Sør‐Varanger community during winter

The present study investigated the content of fungal aerospores in homes and schools of house‐dust‐mite (HDM)‐sensitized and control children in a subarctic area. During winter, airborne microfungi were collected from the homes and schools of 19 HDM‐sensitized children and 19 nonatopic controls, all living in the community of Sør‐Varanger. northern Norway. The samples were cultivated and microfungal growth was identified microscopically. Indoor humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide (C02) concentrations were measured. Housing conditions and sociodemographic and symptom data were obtained by a questionnaire. Penicillium was the most common microfungus in both homes and schools, followed by various yeasts, Aspergillus. Cladospohum, and Mucor. The number of infected homes was equal in the HDM‐sensitized group and the control group, but aerospore counts were higher in the HDM‐sensitized group than in the control group. The lowest aerospore counts were found in the schools. High aerospore counts also appeared to be related to high indoor humidity. The keeping of pets and damp indoor conditions were more frequent in homes of HDM‐sensitized children than in the control group, whereas parental smoking and carpeting occurred with equal frequency in both groups. This indicates that no allergy sanitation measures had been undertaken, especially in the homes of the HDM‐sensitized children.
Does Social Consumption Mitigate Stigma? Identity Formation in an Urban Farmers’ Market

This study contributes to sociology of consumption by analyzing the experience of shopping at an urban farmers' market using ethnographic observation and observational interviews. Participants included market-goers using Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT), currency received from federal assistance, as well as those using debit or credit cards. This sample allowed for insight into the process of shopping at farmers’ markets while under economic constraint and in turn, the relationship this process has with shoppers’ self-perceptions as consumers. The social consumption process of shopping at the farmers’ market could mitigate negative effects of shopping with food assistance and financial constraint and promote positive self-making. Though consumers who have not traditionally accessed alternative food movements benefit from this process, it is not accessible to all shoppers. This research implies benefits of widening access to farmers’ markets for low-income shoppers, and potential benefits of structuring settings where people purchase food to promote social interaction.
Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral medication in HIV-infected patients

The aim of the study was to assess adherence with antiretroviral medication in a sample of HIV patients in Hong Kong and identify predictors of adherence. The study used a cross-sectional correlational design. Adherence behaviour was assessed with the use of self-reports. Other scales assessed knowledge with HIV medication, coping, health locus of control, anxiety, depression and fatigue. A blood sample was also obtained to assess CD4+ counts and viral load. Sociodemographic characteristics and medical information were obtained from the medical records. A high adherence rate was found in this sample of 136 predominantly Chinese patients. There were only 13.7% of the patients being classified as non-adherent. Predictors of adherence included high self-efficacy in terms of being certain that the medication schedule will be followed all or most of the time as directed, low tension-anxiety scores, and low intensity of nausea and vomiting (R2=0.304). An expanded regression model revealed additional factors influencing adherence, including coping variables, pain and numbness in the hands and feet, age, disease stage, internal locus of control, fatigue, family support and taking medication twice daily. This model explained 49% of the variance in adherence. The results suggest that adherence is a multidimensional concept. Every effort should be made to assess in individuals those variables found to affect adherence and alter them whenever possible. Continuous support of patients and individualized medication programmes that will help patients adjust their treatment to their lifestyle are recommended.
Effects of extremely low magnetic field on the production of invertase by Rhodotorula glutinis

Invertase is an important enzyme used in many fields especially in food industry to produce fructose syrups. The current study focused on increasing invertase production by exposing Rhodotorula glutinis to extremely low magnetic fields (ELMF; 0 and 7 mT). For this purpose, the microorganism was allowed to grow in normal magnetic field and ELMF for 72 hours at the same temperature (24 ± 2°C). The fermentation was carried out in submerged culture for 120 hours. The results showed that invertase production is strongly dependent on the growth conditions of the microorganism. Both of the different magnetic fields applied to R. glutinis increased invertase production ranged from 48%-67% when compared with the control. On the other hand, ELMF treatment increased biomass formation about 14%-28% when compared with the control. As a result, magnetic field treatment could effectively be used in the production of invertase by R. glutinis.
Exponential Weighted Collaborative Spectrum Sensing Based on SNR

The CR node in depth fading is possible to have serious false alarm or missed when using conventional collaborative spectrum sensing method. These error messages will be fully included in the final collaborative decision, which will seriously affect the performance of collaborative sensing. So,a new exponential weighted collaborative spectrum sensing based on SNR is proposed and studied as a means to combat such effects. Computer simulation results show that this method can reduce the influence of low SNR where we supposing lower than -23dB in the collaborative sensing and outperforms the conventional method.
Responsabilidade social corporativa e gestão dos stakeholders no turismo

Resumo: A atividade turística é geradora de diversos benefícios nas comunidades receptoras movimentando e apoiando as economias locais, facilitando e produzindo inúmeras divisas (Virgínio & Fernandes, 2011). Entretanto, é sabido que o turismo também acarreta sérios problemas em muitas áreas da sociedade (social, cultural, ambiental e econômico). Neste contexto, a responsabilidade social corporativa tem assumido um papel de suma importância como uma ferramenta cada vez mais comum no sentido de combater tais impactos negativos que o turismo de alguma forma impõe a todos os seus stakeholders (públicos com os quais se relaciona). O presente estudo caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa e consiste em uma análise da produção acadêmica acerca dos temas da RSC e dos stakeholders no turismo. Para isso, foram selecionados artigos científicos internacionais e nacionais a partir de 2006. Um enfoque foi dado aos stakeholders, na identificação e associação destes com as dimensões da RSC de Carroll (1991). Os resultados demonstraram que há um enfoque considerável no stakeholders ‘gestores’ nas amostras das pesquisas, já nas variáveis estudadas o foco passa a ser a comunidade com as responsabilidades ética e filantrópica, e o meio-ambiente com as dimensões econômica e ética. No geral as variáveis focam as dimensões ética e econômica da RSC.
Possible Medication-Resistant Deficits in Adult ADHD

Objective: The nature of ADHD, especially in adulthood, is not well-understood. Therefore, we explored subcomponents of attention in adult ADHD. Method: Twenty-three adults with ADHD were tested on neurocognitive and visual tracking performance both while on their regular prescription stimulant medication and while abstaining from the medication for 1 day. Pairwise comparisons to 46 two-for-one matched normal controls were made to detect medication-resistant effects of ADHD, and within-participant comparisons were made to detect medication-sensitive effects in patients. Results: Even when on medication, patients performed more poorly than controls on a spatial working memory task, and on visual tracking and simple reaction time tasks immediately following other attention-demanding tasks. Patients’ visual tracking performance degraded while off-medication in a manner consistent with reduced vigilance. Conclusion: There may be persistent cognitive impairments in adult ADHD despite medication. In addition, the benefit of stimulants seems reduced under cognitive fatigue.
The Effect of Training and Development Practices on Employees’ Organizational Commitment among the Employees in Private Health Care Sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

This study examined the relationship between training and development practices, and organizational commitment for a sample of employees working in private healthcare sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The results showed that training and development practices were positively related to organizational commitment. To examine this relationship, a survey was conducted on 134 employees working in private healthcare sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, selected randomly. Correlation and regression analysis techniques were used to analyze the relationship of training and development practices and organizational commitment. The results of the study showed that organizational commitment of private healthcare sector employees were dependent on the training and development practices.
Tactual display of consonant voicing to supplement lipreading

This research is concerned with the development and evaluation of a tactual display of consonant voicing to supplement the information available through lipreading for persons with profound hearing impairment. The voicing cue selected is based on the envelope onset asynchrony derived from two different filtered bands (a low-pass band and a high-pass band) of speech. The amplitude envelope of each of the two bands was used to modulate a different carrier frequency which in turn was delivered to one of the two fingers of a tactual stimulating device. Perceptual evaluations of speech reception through this tactual display included the pairwise discrimination of consonants contrasting voicing and identification of a set of 16 consonants under conditions of the tactual cue alone (T), lipreading alone (L), and the combined condition (L + T). The tactual display was highly effective for discriminating voicing at the segmental level and provided a substantial benefit to lipreading on the consonant-identification task. No such benefits of the tactual cue were observed, however, for lipreading of words in sentences due perhaps to difficulties in integrating the tactual and visual cues and to insufficient training on the more difficult task of connected-speech reception.
Adoptive T cell therapy promotes the emergence of genomically altered tumor escape variants

Adoptive T cell therapy has been proven effective against melanoma in mice and humans. However, because most responses are incomplete or transient, cures remain rare. To maximize the efficacy of this therapy, it will be essential to gain a better understanding of the processes which result in tumor relapse. We studied these processes using B16ova murine melanoma and adoptive transfer of OT‐I T cells. Transfer of T cells as a single therapy provided a significant survival benefit for mice with established subcutaneous tumors. However, tumors which initially regressed often recurred. By analyzing tumors which emerged in the presence of a potent OT‐I response, we identified a novel tumor escape mechanism in which tumor cells evaded T cell pressure by undergoing major genomic changes involving loss of the gene encoding the target tumor antigen. Furthermore, we show that these in vivo processes can be recapitulated in vitro using T cell/tumor cell co‐cultures. A single round of in vitro co‐culture led to significant loss of the ova gene and a tumor cell population with rapidly induced and diverse karyotypic changes. Although these current studies focus on the model OVA antigen, the finding that T cells can directly promote genomic instability has important implications for the development of adoptive T cell therapies.
Separation and Determination of Process-Related Impurities of Erlotinib Using Reverse-Phase HPLC with a Photo-Diode Array Detector

A simple and rapid reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous separation and determination of erlotinib and its process-related impurities in bulk drugs has been developed. Five process-related impurities of erlotinib have been separated on an Inerstsil ODS-3V (C18) column and detected at 254 nm using a photo diode array (PDA). This HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of erlotinib bulk drug. The recoveries of erlotinib and process-related impurities were in the range of 92.86 – 106.23%, and found to be specific, precise and reliable for the determination of unreacted raw materials, intermediates in the reaction mixtures and bulk drugs.