Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000

Describing the distribution of disease between different populations and over time has been ahighly successfu l way of devising hypothese s about causation and for quantifying the potential for preventive activities.1 Statistical data are also essentia l componentsof diseasesurveillanceprograms. Theseplay acritical role in the developmen t and implementation of health policy, through identification of health problems, decisions on priorities for preventive and curative programs and evaluation of outcomes of programs of prevention, early detection/screenin g and treatment in relation to resource inputs. Over the last 12 years, aseries of estimates of the global burden of cancer have been published in the International Journal of Cancer. 2–6 The methods have evolved and been refined, but basically they rely upon the best availabl e data on cancer incidence and/or mortality at country level to build up theglobal picture. The results are more or less accurat e for different countries, depending on the extent and accuracy of locally availabl e data. This “databased” approach is rather different from themodeling method used in other estimates. 7–10 Essentially, these use sets of regression models, which predict cause-specifi c mortality rates of different populations from the correspondin g all-cause mortality.11 The constant s of the regression equations derive from dataset s with different overal mortality rates (often including historic data from wester n countries) . Cancer deaths are then subdivided into the different cancer types, according to the best availabl e information on relative frequencies. GLOBOCAN 2000 updates thepreviousl y published data-based global estimates of incidence, mortality and prevalence to the year 2000.12
Diagnostically and Experimentally Useful Panel of Strains from the Burkholderia cepacia Complex

ABSTRACT Two new species, Burkholderia multivorans andBurkholderia vietnamiensis, and three genomovars (genomovars I, III, and IV) currently constitute the Burkholderia cepacia complex. A panel of 30 well-characterized strains representative of each genomovar and new species was assembled to assist with identification, epidemiological analysis, and virulence studies on this important group of opportunistic pathogens.
Developmental and cellular functions of the ESCRT machinery in pluricellular organisms

ESCRTs (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) were first discovered in yeast and are known to be required in the biogenesis of the MVB (multivesicular body). Most ESCRT research has been carried out in vitro using models such as yeast and mammalian cells in culture. The role of the ESCRTs genes in endosome maturation is conserved from yeast to mammals, but little is known about their function during development in multicellular organisms. Since ESCRTs play a leading role in regulating some cell signalling pathways by addressing receptors to the lysosome, it appears important to monitor ESCRT functions in multicellular models. The present review summarizes recent research on the developmental and cellular functions of the ESCRT in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Mus musculus or Arabidopsis thaliana.
Idiopathic Dilatation of the Pulmonary Artery–A Case Report

Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery (IDPA) is a rare anomaly presenting with enlargement of the pulmonary artery in the absence of an identifiable cause. The natural history of this silent but potentially life‐threatening disease can be unpredictable. We report a case of IDPA in an 80‐year‐old female with a massively dilated pulmonary artery.
Hypervolume-based search for multiobjective optimization: Theory and methods

Most problems encountered in practice involve the optimization of multiple criteria. Usually, some of them are conflicting such that no single solution is simultaneously optimal with respect to all criteria, but instead many incomparable compromise solutions exist. In recent years, evidence has accumulated showing that Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are effective means of finding good approximate solutions to such problems. One of the crucial parts of EAs consists of repeatedly selecting suitable solutions. In this process, the two key issues are as follows: first, a solution that is better than another solution in all objectives should be preferred over the latter. Second, the diversity of solutions should be supported, whereby often user preference dictates what constitutes a good diversity. The hypervolume offers one possibility to achieve the two aspects; for this reason, it has been gaining increasing importance in recent years. The present thesis investigates three central topics of the hypervolume that are still unsolved: 1: Although more and more EAs use the hypervolume as selection criterion, the resulting distribution of points favored by the hypervolume has scarcely been investigated so far. Many studies only speculate about this question, and in parts contradict one another. 2: The computational load of the hypervolume calculation sharply increases the more criteria are considered. This hindered so far the application of the hypervolume to problems with more than about five criteria. 3: Often a crucial aspect is to maximize the robustness of solutions, which is characterized by how far the properties of a solution can degenerate when implemented in practice. So far, no attempt has been made to consider robustness of solutions within hypervolume-based search.
Gaucher disease ascertained through a Parkinson's center: Imaging and clinical characterization

Among the genes implicated for parkinsonism is glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which causes Gaucher disease (GD). Despite a growing literature that GD may present as parkinsonism, neuroimaging, olfaction, and neuropsychological testing have not been extensively reported. We describe transcranial sonography (TCS), 18F‐fluorodopa (F‐dopa) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron emission tomography, olfaction testing, neuropsychological testing, and clinical features in homozygous and compound heterozygous GBA mutation carriers identified through screening of 250 Ashkenazi Jewish parkinsonian individuals treated at a tertiary care center. We identified two individuals with N370S/R496H compound heterozygous mutations and two with N370S homozygous mutations; one individual died before completing detailed evaluation. TCS (n = 3) demonstrated nigral hyperechogenicity that was greater than controls [median area maximal substantia nigra echogenicity (aSNmax) = 0.28 cm2 vs. 0.14 cm2, P = 0.005], but similar to idiopathic PD (aSNmax = 0.31 cm2). FDG PET (n = 2) demonstrated hypermetabolism of the lentiform nuclei, and F‐fluorodopa PET (n = 2), bilateral reduction in striatal F‐dopa uptake. Olfaction was markedly impaired in the two tested cases, including onset of smell disturbance in adolescence in one. Neuropsychological features (n = 3) were consistent with Parkinson's disease (PD) or diffuse Lewy body disease (DLB). The imaging, neuropsychological and olfactory markers suggest the GD phenotype includes PD with and without features of DLB, marked olfactory loss, nigral hyperechogenicity on TCS, and F‐dopa and FDG PET abnormalities. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Recolonizing Carnivores and Naïve Prey: Conservation Lessons from Pleistocene Extinctions

The current extinction of many of Earth's large terrestrial carnivores has left some extant prey species lacking knowledge about contemporary predators, a situation roughly parallel to that 10,000 to 50,000 years ago, when naı̈ve animals first encountered colonizing human hunters. Along present-day carnivore recolonization fronts, brown (also called grizzly) bears killed predator-naı̈ve adult moose at disproportionately high rates in Scandinavia, and moose mothers who lost juveniles to recolonizing wolves in North America's Yellowstone region developed hypersensitivity to wolf howls. Although prey that had been unfamiliar with dangerous predators for as few as 50 to 130 years were highly vulnerable to initial encounters, behavioral adjustments to reduce predation transpired within a single generation. The fact that at least one prey species quickly learns to be wary of restored carnivores should negate fears about localized prey extinction.
Control of Giardiasis by Interleukin-17 in Humans and Mice—Are the Questions All Answered?

For years, studies of the immune response to Giardia lamblia infection focused on the production of IgA by infected hosts and antigenic variation by the parasite to escape destruction by this IgA. A new study by Hanevik and colleagues (C. S. Saghaug, S. Sørnes, D. Peirasmaki, S. Svärd, N. Langeland, and K. Hanevik, Clin Vaccine Immunol 23:11–18, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128 /CVI.00419-15) highlights the emerging role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in immunity to this parasite. Along with recent studies of Giardia infections of animals, this work shows that IL-17 appears to be essential for the control of these infections and to be a key factor linking cellular and humoral immune responses.
Cholera toxin treatment stimulates tumorigenicity of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells

Chinese hamster ovary cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus form tumors poorly in nude mice. Tumorigenicity was markedly stimulated by pretreatment of the cells with cholera toxin, which raises cyclic AMP levels and activates cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Increased tumorigenicity was manifested by a severalfold increase in the rate of tumor formation, as well as earlier appearance and more rapid growth of tumors. In contrast, spontaneously transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells showed decreased tumorigenicity after cholera toxin treatment. The activation of tumorigenic potential in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells by cholera toxin correlated with increased phosphorylation of the viral oncogene product pp60src and stimulation of its tyrosine kinase activity.
Learning Battery Consumption of Mobile Devices

We introduce a data-driven model to predict battery consumption of apps. The state-of-the-art models used to blame battery consumption on apps are based on microbenchmark experiments. These experiments are done under controlled conditions where power measurements of each internal resource (CPU, Bluetooth, WiFi, .) are readily available. We empirically verify that such models do not capture the power consumption behavior of mobile devices in the wild and propose instead to train a regression model using data collected from logs. We show that this learning approach is correct in the sense that under mild assumptions, we can recover the true battery discharge rate of each component. Finally, we present experimental results where we consistently outperform a model trained on micro-benchmarks.
Cationic Nanostructures for Vaccines

Cationic lipid bilayers, particles, polysaccharides and a variety of hybrid nanostructures provide adequate matrixes for supporting antigens such as peptides, proteins, DNA or oligonucleotides on model surfaces (latex, silica, silicon wafers, self-assembled monolayers, metals, polymers, insoluble drugs, biological cells and viruses). Particulate vaccines are currently an area receiving a high level of attention [1-3]. Particles deliver both antigen and adjuvant into the same population of antigen presenting cells limiting both the systemic distribution of the adjuvant and its potential toxicity [1]. Biological particlesrepresented by live or attenuated bacterial vacines, engineered biological vectors and virus-like particles are often less safe than synthetic particulates for which quality control and validation in vaccine development and production are more rapid [2]. While developing novel particulate vaccines, particle size and charge do matter [2]. Virus-sized particles (20–200 nm) are usually taken up by endocytosis via clathrin-coated vesicles, caveolae or their independent receptors [4], and preferentially ingested by dendritic cells (DC). Larger sized particles such as bacteria (500– 5000 nm) are predominantly taken up by phagocytosis, and primarily ingested by macro‐ phages. All particles used in vaccine formulations are consequently internalized efficiently by antigen presenting cells by one or a combination of the quoted mechanisms [5, 6]. Particles with diameters smaller than 500 nm, in particular the nanometric ones with sizes in the 40– 100 nm range are more eficient to promote CD8 and CD4 type 1 T cell responses than those with diameters above 500 nm, although the latter could induce good type 2 and antibody responses [5]. Cationic microparticles are effectively taken up both by macrophages and dendritic cells since electrostatic attraction promotes particle binding and subsequent inter‐ nalization. Cationized polymeric particles carrying antigen significantly enhanced both antibody production and cytotoxic T cells at low antigen dose [7] and induced maturation of dendritic cells [8, 9]. As a consequence particles for vaccines should be positive and available over a range of sizes. Cationic particles of aluminium compounds, identified as having
Intelligent autonomous system and its application in flight vehicles

Firstly, the current research status of intelligent autonomous control for flight vehicles will be presented in this paper. Secondly, the autonomous system and several capabilities and features are carefully introduced, and the close relationship between intelligent autonomous systems and the control of flight vehicles are presented. Next, this paper describes intelligent control and autonomous system, especially intelligent flight control system. In addition, the conception of intelligent autonomous system is firstly presented. Finally, this paper explores new direction of the subversive technologies that enhance space control. Some thoughts and suggestions on researches and approaches about intelligent autonomous control and its application in flight vehicles will be presented.
Using magnetic marked PEGDA-based cell sheets for three dimensional lobule-mimicking chip

The formation and regeneration of tissue are the result of intricate temporal and spatial coordination of numerous individual cell fate processes. It is regulated not only by cell autonomous processes but also by extracellular microenvironmental stimuli. In this study, we propose lobule-mimicking culture chips by using magnetic-mark poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based cell sheets (MP cell sheets). It consists of four cell sheet chambers and one stacking chamber. MP cell sheets were formed by UV light two times. Using magnetic field to manipulate MP cell sheets moving and rotating. Finally, we had stacked MP cell sheets to achieve lobule-mimetic regeneration.
El modelo español de contratación temporal

La descripcion y analisis de la "flexibilidad laboral en el margen" que es lo que ha propiciado la alta tasa de contratacion temporal desarrollada en Espana, a partir fundamentalmente de la instauracion del vigente sis-tema de relaciones laborales, es el objeto principal de este estudio. Con base en los datos estadisticos disponibles y teniendo en cuenta la evolucion de los condicionantes normativos que se han ido sucediendo a tra-ves de las continuas reformas laborales, se pueden identificar algunos de los factores preponderantes en la estrategia de nuestras empresas de primar hasta un determinado porcentaje la contratacion temporal frente a la denominada fija o indefinida. Entre ellos destaca el relativo a la diferencia de costes, maxime en los periodos iniciales de la relacion laboral, que no suelen corres-ponderse con los de mayor productividad. Pero ese es solo uno de ellos, aquel sobre el que podrian incidir los poderes publicos en su tarea de definir las reglas juridicas del mercado. Otros factores son el de la "externalidad" (todo el mundo la usa) y la necesidad de la propia dualizacion (puestos esta-bles e inestables) de nuestro sistema de produccion. Partiendo de la premisa de que en la situacion actual se ha alcanzado el "optimo" empresarial res-pecto al nivel de contratacion temporal, habria que preguntarse si es viable reducir ese efecto mediante el estudio de los costes sociales que provoca e, incluso, mediante politicas de reeducacion de la cultura empresarial. Puede ser que asi pueda encontrarse un mejor equilibrio entre las demandas empre-sariales y los niveles que la sociedad puede considerar como adecuados.
A multiple segmented backups scheme for dependable real-time communication in multihop networks

Several distributed real-time applications require fault-tolerance apart from guaranteed timeliness at acceptable levels of overhead. It is essential to provide them with hard guarantees on recovery delays due to component-failures, which cannot be ensured in traditional datagram services. The application of computer networks have expanded to areas in which communication services are considered critical and the failure of which may lead to mission threatening scenarios. These critical communication services need to survive multiple, simultaneous component faults that can occur in the network, due to various reasons. Several schemes exist which attempt to guarantee recovery in a timely and resource efficient manner from such multiple faults. These methods center around apriori reservation of network resources called spare resources along backup channels, in addition to each primary channel. These backup channels (end-to-end backup) are usually routed from the source to the destination along a path disjoint with the primary. If a primary channel fails, one of the backups can be activated, and this makes the realtime connection dependable. In this paper, we propose a new method of multiple segmented backups for dependable communication in multihop networks, which improves upon existing methods. Various scenarios in multihop networks (including the current Internet) where our scheme can be implemented are also discussed. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of our method by presentation of the results of our simulation studies.
Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change.

Politiche, misure e strumenti per contenere le emissioni di CO2 Illustriamo l’ultimo contributo al quarto Rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici votato a maggio 2007 dal terzo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato intergovernativo “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change”. Il Rapporto affronta la problematica delle tendenze delle emissioni dei gas serra e il tema della mitigazione a breve e lungo termine. Presentiamo un’analisi critica delle proposte del documento.
Automatic CPAP Compared with Conventional Treatment for Episodic Hypoxemia and Sleep Disturbance after Major Abdominal Surgery

Background After major surgery, analgesia with opioids can cause obstructive apnea and intermittent hypoxemia, probably from loss of upper airway control. Since this resembles the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, we tested the possibility that nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) would reduce episodes of reduced oxygen saturation and sleep disruption. Because oxygen therapy is frequent after surgery, we also assessed the effect of oxygen on sleep disruption. Methods We recruited 48 patients about to have major abdominal surgery. We present data for 34 patients: 27 who received patient-controlled intravenous morphine and 7 who received epidural opioid. Treatment was randomized to either nCPAP or conventional therapy with an oxygen mask. Alternate periods of administration of air and 35% oxygen were used in both groups. If the oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry was consistently <90% on air, the patient was withdrawn from the study. We measured sleep, arousals, oxygenation, episodes of desaturation, and disturbances of respiration. Values are given as median and quartiles. Results The median proportion of time awake was 65% (45–79%) among control patients and 74% (55–87%) among those undergoing nCPAP. Oxygen administration did not affect the sleep pattern. The median frequency of arousals per hour of sleep was very similar in each group: during air breathing from nCPAP, 125 (76–187), and during air breathing by mask, 116 (84–187). Oxygen therapy had no effect. Oxygenation and hypoxemic events were not improved by nCPAP. Oxygen therapy improved oxygenation and reduced but did not eliminate episodes of desaturation. Conclusions Nasal CPAP does not improve sleep and oxygenation or reduce hypoxemic events in the first night after major abdominal surgery.
Recommendations for the Management of Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia Multidisciplinary Panel on Neuropathic Pain *

The Multidisciplinary Panel on Neuropathic Pain has prepared recommendations for the management of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) to provide healthcare professionals in Hong Kong with current, accurate and useful information concerning disease management. Where possible, evidence-based reviews and comparisons were used to develop these recommendations. The recommendations were first published in 2003. The current update includes new clinical data for pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions in TN. The Recommendations for the Management of Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia are the product of review and appraisal of current evidence in the medical literature. The recommendations serve to assist healthcare professionals in evaluating a patient’s condition and deciding on a suitable treatment modality. They are not intended to replace professional judgment in determining the appropriate management of individual patients. While we have taken due care in preparing the recommendations, we cannot warrant the accuracy of the PAIN MANAGEMENT
Pycnogenol, French Maritime Pine Bark Extract

Pycnogenol is the registered trade name for a special standardized extract from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica), distributed by Horphag Research, U.K. The spray-dried, powdered extract is marketed worldwide as a food supplement, a herbal medicine, an ingredient in cosmetics, and as a food additive. The traditional use of pine bark was in the treatment of scurvy and wound healing. Currently, Pycnogenol is used to restore capillary integrity in cases of gingivitis, retinopathy, or edema formation. Other fields of application are directed to protection of the circulation by inhibiting platelet aggregation, lowering of cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure. The procyanidins, in particular, have shown anti-inflammatory and radical-scavenging activity, leading to treatment of melasma and prevention of ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage of the skin. The application of Pycnogenol in reducing menstrual cramps and pain is probably caused by the spasmolytic activity of the phenolic acids. Very recently, a glucose lowering effect of Pycnogenol has been shown. Safety of Pycnogenol is documented by its generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status in the United States. Unwanted effects are mild and transient, and no interactions with drugs have been reported.