Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Promotion of Olympic Games on Economic Growth of Beijing

According to invest and produce tables and relevant statistics of Beijing in recent years,this paper establishes parameter of predicting model,analyzes the influence of Olympic Games on economic growth of Beijing at the first stage using the method of throw in and turn out and combining with theoretical model of Olympic economic influence,preliminarily predicts that the investment at the first stage has greatly promotion on Beijing macro economy and creating opportunity of employment.Based on consumption of sport industry related to other industries in Beijing,combing with each industries related and involved,suggestions and polices are put forwarded in the future development of sport industry in Beijing.
Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection.

CONTEXT Neonatal infections are frequent complications of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants receiving intensive care. OBJECTIVE To determine if neonatal infections in ELBW infants are associated with increased risks of adverse neurodevelopmental and growth sequelae in early childhood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Infants weighing 401 to 1000 g at birth (born in 1993-2001) were enrolled in a prospectively collected very low-birth-weight registry at academic medical centers participating in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes were assessed at a comprehensive follow-up visit at 18 to 22 months of corrected gestational age and compared by infection group. Eighty percent of survivors completed the follow-up visit and 6093 infants were studied. Registry data were used to classify infants by type of infection: uninfected (n = 2161), clinical infection alone (n = 1538), sepsis (n = 1922), sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 279), or meningitis with or without sepsis (n = 193). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive and neuromotor development, neurologic status, vision and hearing, and growth (weight, length, and head circumference) were assessed at follow-up. RESULTS The majority of ELBW survivors (65%) had at least 1 infection during their hospitalization after birth. Compared with uninfected infants, those in each of the 4 infection groups were significantly more likely to have adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at follow-up, including cerebral palsy (range of significant odds ratios [ORs], 1.4-1.7), low Bayley Scales of Infant Development II scores on the mental development index (ORs, 1.3-1.6) and psychomotor development index (ORs, 1.5-2.4), and vision impairment (ORs, 1.3-2.2). Infection in the neonatal period was also associated with impaired head growth, a known predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcome. CONCLUSIONS This large cohort study suggests that neonatal infections among ELBW infants are associated with poor neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in early childhood. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of brain injury in infants with infection so that novel interventions to improve these outcomes can be explored.
DSP-Based Control of Sensorless IPMSM Drives for Wide-Speed-Range Operation

A position sensorless control strategy of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive based on a digital signal processor (DSP) is proposed. To achieve sensorless wide-speed-range operation, a hybrid position estimation strategy combining the high frequency (HF) signal injection method with the electromotive force (EMF)-based method is presented. At low-speed range, an HF voltage signal is injected, and a rotor position observer is designed to improve the robustness to the load disturbance. At middle- and high-speed ranges, a sliding-mode observer based on the extended EMF of IPMSM is designed for sensorless operation. Moreover, during the switch-over area, the two position estimation methods are both enabled for the sensorless control. A software phase-locked loop and a dead-time compensation strategy are adopted to improve the position estimation accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy with a sensorless IPMSM drive based on a DSP.
EpCAM: A New Therapeutic Target for an Old Cancer Antigen

The use of monoclonal antibodies as adjuvants to cancer chemotherapy has drawn considerable interest in recent years, due to the success of several novel agents against a broad range of targets. One such target is EpCAM (aka GA733-2, KSA, 17-1A antigen), a human cell surface glycoprotein expressed on some normal and most neoplastic epithelial cells. It is now widely recognized as having an important role in tumor biology, especially in colorectal cancer, and since its original discovery in the early 1980s, the known mechanism by which it functions has steadily evolved. Initial studies of monoclonal antibodies directed against EpCAM demonstrated the presence of anti-idiotype networks involving both B and T cells, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and complement mediated cell death as mechanisms of tumor growth inhibition. Recently, a novel receptor for EpCAM has been described that is a member of the inhibitory group of immunoglobulin-like receptors and is present on lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Neoplastic cells that interact with this receptor, named LAIR-1, may enact an immunologic escape, and thus confer a selective advantage for their growth and spread. This novel mechanism of action may add to our current understanding of how monoclonal antibodies targeted against EpCAM inhibit tumor growth. Passive vaccination with this antibody may induce a tertiary anti-idiotypic network which correlates with clinical outcome, but the mechanism behind this outcome in select patients with minimal residual disease may additionally involve a novel blockade of tumor specific immunosuppression. This review will focus on the initial discoveries of EpCAM's cellular adhesion properties, its role in normal and neoplastic cell function, its distribution and presumed mechanism of action, and clinical studies of EpCAM as a therapeutic target. Clinical trials of edrecolomab, one such monoclonal antibody, in patients with colon cancer will be reviewed and updated. While phase III trials of edrecolomab have not demonstrated improved efficacy as adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer, newer agents with improved affinity, less chimerism, and improved delivery may still demonstrate benefit.
Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase and Risk of COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem worldwide. COPD is strongly related to cigarette smoke exposure, but not all smokers develop the disease. It is thought that COPD progresses slowly over time stimulated by environmental exposures, including free radicals from cigarette smoke, which ultimately establish chronic inflammation and result in a progressive destruction of lung tissues. COPD is known to occur in family clusters, which has prompted interest in determining genetic risk factors for the disease. Several genetic studies have identified an association between extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) polymorphisms and risk for developing COPD. ECSOD is an antioxidant protein that scavenges superoxide free radicals from cigarette smoke and protects the lungs from free radical damage and chronic inflammation.
Diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis represents a condition that is challenging for clinicians secondary to the difficulty in making an accurate diagnosis and the less than satisfactory means of managing chronic pain. This review emphasises the various manifestations that patients with chronic pancreatitis may have and describes recent advances in medical and surgical therapy. It is probable that many patients with chronic abdominal pain are suffering from chronic pancreatitis that is not appreciated. As the pathophysiology of this disorder is better understood it is probable that the treatment will be more successful.
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Campylobacter spp. on Ham in Korea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of illness from Campylobacter spp. on ham. To identify the hazards of Campylobacter spp. on ham, the general characteristics and microbial criteria for Campylobacter spp. , and campylobacteriosis outbreaks were investigated. In the exposure assessment, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. on ham was evaluated, and the probabilistic distributions for the temperature of ham surfaces in retail markets and home refrigerators were prepared. In addition, the raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) 2012 were used to estimate the consumption amount and frequency of ham. In the hazard characterization, the Beta-Poisson model for Campylobacter spp. infection was used. For risk characterization, a simulation model was developed using the collected data, and the risk of Campylobacter spp. on ham was estimated with @RISK. The Campylobacter spp. cell counts on ham samples were below the detection limit (<0.70 Log CFU/g). The daily consumption of ham was 23.93 g per person, and the consumption frequency was 11.57%. The simulated mean value of the initial contamination level of Campylobacter spp. on ham was −3.95 Log CFU/g, and the mean value of ham for probable risk per person per day was 2.20×10−12. It is considered that the risk of foodborne illness for Campylobacter spp. was low. Furthermore, these results indicate that the microbial risk assessment of Campylobacter spp. in this study should be useful in providing scientific evidence to set up the criteria of Campylobacter spp.
The utility of the TRUE test in a private practice setting.

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the Thin-Layer Rapid-Use Epicutaneous Test (TRUE Test) may be inadequate to completely diagnose a significant number of patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVE To study the usefulness of the TRUE Test as a triage tool in a private practice setting. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients who were patch-tested with the TRUE Test between July 1, 2000, and June 30, 2004, in four private dermatology practices was conducted. RESULTS Of the 183 patients evaluated, 50.8% had at least one positive reaction, 31.7% had a diagnosis of ACD, and 24.0% were suspected to have ACD from other allergens. Of the patients with positive reactions, 62.4% were determined to have reactions that were of present relevance. CONCLUSIONS The TRUE Test allows patients with dermatitis to be triaged systematically in a private practice setting. It is important to supplement patch testing with the patients' personal products, especially in cases of facial or periorbital dermatitis, and to be aware of potential false negatives, particularly with fragrance and rubber additives.
Rotator cuff disorders: interobserver and intraobserver variation in diagnosis with MR imaging.

PURPOSE To determine interobserver and intraobserver variation in the interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images in rotator cuff disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR images of the shoulder in 97 patients were retrospectively reviewed twice, with a 3-week interval. Surgical findings indicated a full-thickness tear in 29 patients, grade 1 impingement in 19 (tendinitis), and grade 2 impingement (partial tear) in 26. The control population comprised 23 asymptomatic volunteers or patients. RESULTS All observers were accurate in the diagnosis of a full-thickness tear (89%-98%), with good intraobserver (kappa = 0.67-0.84) and interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.74-0.92). In diagnoses of tendinitis, partial tear, and normal cuff, there were wide ranges of sensitivity (13%-74%) and specificity (72%-93%), as well as poor interobserver (kappa = 0.12-0.60) and intraobserver agreement (kappa = 0.35-0.78). CONCLUSION Full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff can be accurately identified at MR imaging with little observer variation. Consistent differentiation of normal rotator cuff, tendinitis, and partial thickness tears is more difficult.
Distal Femur Locking Plate: The Answer to All Distal Femoral Fractures.

INTRODUCTION Good results have been published by researchers with distal femur nail, dynamic condylar screw and even addition of a medial plate to a distal femur locking plate for treating distal femur fractures. By this study, we explore the capability of a distal femur locking plate to counter distal femur fractures of extra- articular, partial or intra- articular nature. Positive results have been published by various groups from all over the world. AIM To study the functional and radiological outcome of distal femoral fractures in skeletally mature patients treated by open reduction and internal fixation with distal femur locking plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective study conducted from January 2012 to March 2014 at the Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH) with a 2 year follow-up. Twenty five skeletally mature patients with post-traumatic distal femur fractures were included. Patients with open grade 3B and 3C distal femur fractures, according to the Gustilo- Anderson classification and pathological distal femur fractures were excluded from the study. Patients with any fracture other than the distal femur in the ipsilateral limb were excluded from the study. Follow-up at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years was carried out and evaluation was done according to the Neer scoring system. The statistical data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 (IBM, Chicago, USA). The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Following all principles of fracture reduction, union was achieved in all patients with mean time to radiological union being 19 weeks. The mean Range of Motion (ROM) was 109 degrees with 20 patients having a Neer score graded as excellent to satisfactory. Our study had nine cases which required additional surgeries. Out of these, all nine cases required bone grafting, three also required antibiotic cement bead insertion initially. Three patients developed complications in the form of infection (two cases) and mal-union (one case) during the course of our study, but were completely treated by the end of the study. CONCLUSION Positive results can be obtained by distal femur locking plate alone as it is the main implant of choice for distal femur fractures of all varieties. Best outcome is expected if fracture fixation is done following all the basic principles of fracture fixation and taking benefit of the mechanical properties of a locking plate.
A private rental sector paradox: unpacking the effects of urban restructuring on housing market dynamics

Abstract The private rental sector (PRS) is growing in many advanced economies due to declining home ownership and retrenchment in social housing. This paper examines changes in the PRS in the context of housing market change and ongoing urbanisation processes. Using the example of Australia, it identifies a paradox when examining detailed changes in PRS composition between 1996 and 2011. Increasing demand from higher and lower income households has occurred alongside increasing concentration of supply in mid-market segments. The paper discusses possible explanations of this mismatch. It suggests that middle/higher income households rent through a mixture of constraint and choice in areas with a high level of amenity, adding to understanding of gentrification of inner-city areas. Urban restructuring, evident in increased land values in inner areas of large cities, has resulted in limited ‘filtering down’ of older housing into low-rent private rental stock and a concentration of investment in supply in mid-market segments with greatest prospects for resale and rental.
Validity and Reliability of the Preliminary NINDS Neuropathologic Criteria for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Related Disorders

We investigated the validity and reliability of diagnoses made by eight neuropathologists who used the preliminary NINDS neuropathologic diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and related disorders. The specific disorders were typical, atypical, and combined PSP, postencephalitic parkinsonism, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, and Pick's disease. These disorders were chosen because of the difficulties in their neuropathologic differentiation. We assessed validity by measuring sensitivity and positive predictive value. Reliability was evaluated by measuring pairwise and group agreement. From a total of 62 histologic cases, each neuropathologist independently classified 16 to 19 cases for the pairwise analysis and 5 to 6 cases for the group analysis. The neuropathologists were unaware of the study design, unfamiliar with the assigned cases, and initially had no clinical information about the cases. Our results showed that with routine sampling and staining methods, neuropathologic examination alone was not fully adequate for differentiating the disorders. The main difficulties were discriminating the subtypes of PSP and separating postencephalitic parkinsonism from PSP. Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration and Pick's disease were less difficult to distinguish from PSP. The addition of minimal clinical information contributed to the accuracy of the diagnosis. On the basis of results obtained, we propose clinicopathologic diagnostic criteria to improve on the NINDS criteria
Biology of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood, accounting for almost 30% of pediatric cancers. Despite the high rate of cure, ALL is one of the leading causes of death in children with tumor. For this reason, there is a keen interest in identifying genetic and biological features that influence the pathogenesis of ALL and the risk of treatment failure. The application of standard diagnostic technologies such as a conventional karyotype and polymerase chain reaction methodologies, together with gene expression profiling and genome-wide analyses, allows us to genetically characterize almost 100% of children with ALL. This review provides basic information about well-established genetic alterations associated with specific clinical subtypes and new molecular lesions with potential prognostic impact. New insights are reported on the natural history of ALL. Genetic aberrations in childhood ALL are considered both markers of disease and potential targets of treatment. Here, each biological subtype under the genetic point of view has been dissected, including genes involved in the development of lymphocytes and considerations on ALL in infancy. It is also crucial to discuss the issue of relapse. Finally, as future treatment will be individualized on the basis of biological features, the pediatric hemato-oncologists need to be ready and prepared to tailor the “right treatment” to the “right children” with ALL.
Quantification of immunohistochemical staining by color translation and automated thresholding.

OBJECTIVE To develop a method of quantitating immunohistochemical staining using diaminobenzidine (DAB) and hematoxylin by means of color image analysis. STUDY DESIGN Red-green-blue (RGB)-filtered grayscale values from images from microscopic slides of mouse jejunum, stained with DAB, hematoxylin or both were analyzed using the public domain program NIH Image. Based on the correlations between the R-G- and B-filtered grayscale values, a simple translation algorithm using the RGB information was developed, providing the option for separation of DAB only- and double-stained areas from hematoxylin only-stained areas by means of automated thresholding. The method was tested by staining mouse jejunum for the growth factors EGF, TGF-alpha and TGF-beta 1-3 using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS A good separation of DAB- and double-stained pixels from hematoxylin-stained pixels was achieved, with misclassification of only 2.4% of the pixels as compared to 34% misclassification using automated thresholding of the blue component of the RGB image, the untransformed grayscale images with the most contrast for DAB- and non-DAB-stained areas. Significant differences in relative areas stained and mean specific optical density for the growth factors in mouse jejunal crypts and villi were observed. CONCLUSION The image analysis method described offers the possibility of objective determination of stained area in histologic slides with the commonly used DAB and hematoxylin chromophores. It shows that reproducible and objective measurements can be made based on RGB true color images acquired using a simple microscope and video camera setup and the public domain program NIH Image.
Dopamine-1 and dopamine-2 mechanisms in the control of renal function.

Dopamine (DA), a catecholamine produced in the kidney, is a renal vasodilator and natriuretic substance, but its action at dopamine-1 (DA-1), dopamine-2 (DA-2) and alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors limits its effectiveness as a heuristic tool and pharmacologic agent. We have studied the effects of highly selective DA-1 and DA-2 receptor agonists and antagonists in normal human subjects and experimental animals to determine the precise physiological role of renal dopamine at DA-1 and DA-2 receptors within the kidney. We studied fenoldopam, a selective DA-1 agonist, in normal human subjects in metabolic balances at high (300 mEq/day) and low (10 mEq/day) sodium (Na) intake. Selective DA-1 receptor stimulation during high Na intake resulted in renal vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis in a sustained manner for 3 hours. The natriuresis was mediated by a reduction in Na reabsorption at both proximal and distal tubular sites. In contrast, during low Na intake, DA-1 receptor stimulation did not engender a natriuretic or diuretic response. Thus, sodium depletion may inhibit the function of renal tubular cells in response to DA-1 stimulation. DA-1 receptors are present in the medial layer of the renal vasculature, proximal tubule and cortical collecting duct; DA-2 receptors are localized to the glomerulus, the renal nerves surrounding renal blood vessels and possibly the renal vascular endothelium. We have performed studies in conscious dogs with indwelling renal arterial catheters to identify the physiological role of renal DA to DA-1 and DA-2 receptors. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved methods for selective cryolipolysis results in subcutaneous fat layer reduction in a porcine model

Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive method for the selective reduction of localized fat tissues. It has demonstrated efficacy in both clinical and preclinical trials; however, despite its popularity, its mechanisms of action and evaluation methods are not yet fully defined. The purpose of this study was to improved methods for cryolipolysis using a porcine model.
Suppression of the asthmatic phenotype by ultraviolet B‐induced, antigen‐specific regulatory cells

Background Over recent decades, there has been a significant global increase in the prevalence of asthma, an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system. While ultraviolet radiation (UV) has been used successfully in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, studies of UV‐induced regulation of allergic respiratory responses have been rare, and have not analysed in vivo measurements of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) or the antigen specificity of the UV‐induced effects.