Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unit of visual working memory: A Boolean map provides a better account than an object does.

What is the unit of visual working memory? This is a question fundamental to our understanding of how the human mind represents the visual world. Here, I challenge the "object-based" account and argue that the unit of visual working memory is better defined by the concept of a "Boolean map. " A Boolean map emphasizes the critical role of spatial structure and has been used to characterize the conscious access in attentional processing. Experiments 1-3 show that, for both overall capacity and access to stored information, there is a 0 same-object advantage for different-part features but a significant same-Boolean-map advantage for multiple same-feature objects. Experiments 4-9 support that multiple orientations, but not multiple colors or shapes, can be memorized together as a "spatial structure," and this uniqueness of orientations is attributed to a mimicking strategy (i.e., using the spatial structure of Boolean map to mimic the feature orientation). In summary, a Boolean map offers a better account for the unit of visual working memory than an object does. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Abdominal Surgical Site Infection Incidence and Risk Factors in a Mexican Population.

OBJECTIVE To investigate possible predictors and prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in a group of Mexican patients who underwent open abdominal surgery. METHODS This retrospective study included all patients (N = 755) who underwent elective or emergency open abdominal surgeries from October 2011 to March 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected through preoperative and postoperative examinations by the infection surveillance team. The relationship among variables (age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking habit, antimicrobial prophylaxis, hair removal, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, type of operation, duration of operation, and SSI classification) was analyzed by odds ratio and χ tests. MAIN RESULTS Of the 755 patients, 91 (12%) suffered from SSI. Several variables were associated with SSI: American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (P = .001) and receiving preoperative prophylactic antimicrobials (P < .0001), among other factors. Isolated pathogens were mostly enterobacteria (60%). CONCLUSIONS Surveillance plays an important role in the control and prevention of SSI. Providers must implement appropriate procedures to reduce SSI after abdominal surgery.
Ergonomic practices in Africa: Date palm work in Algeria as an example.

BACKGROUND Despite the call for the application of ergonomics in developing countries, the African share of ergonomic studies is modest. Date palm farming is considered one of the most important economic resources in hot and dry areas. In African countries, including Algeria, there exist millions of date palms. Date palm work can be precarious and associated with higher rates of work related musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to:1.Reveal how the workers climb the trunk of the date palm to get to the crown.2. Detect the amount of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in date palm trees work, and how to combat it. METHOD The descriptive method was used. RESULTS Objective 1, Majority of date palm workers are still using the traditional methods, i.e. free climbing, and belt aided climbing. However, a minority of workers have started using modern methods i.e. ladders, climbing devices, and modern technology (e.g. hydraulic lifts). Objective 2, the workers complained about WRMSDs presence in the shoulders, hands, wrists, lower back, hips knees, and feet. Efforts to combat these WRMSDs are personal, educational and scientific efforts. CONCLUSION Regarding climbing, the traditional methods are still dominant, and the use of technology is very limited. As regards WRMSDs, date palm workers complain about their presence in many parts of the body.
Electrocortical reflections of face and gaze processing in children with pervasive developmental disorder.

BACKGROUND Children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) show behavioral abnormalities in gaze and face processing, but recent studies have indicated that normal activation of face-specific brain areas in response to faces is possible in this group. It is not clear whether the brain activity related to gaze processing is also normal in children with PDD. METHODS Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured during two spatial attention tasks in which a centrally presented stimulus served as cue for the location of a forthcoming target. In one task faces were used as cues, and in the other arrows. Seventeen children with PDD and 18 age- and IQ-matched control children were tested. RESULTS Face stimuli elicited the same specific ERP activity in both groups. Also, both children with PDD and controls showed shorter reaction times as well as larger amplitudes and shorter latency times of several ERP peaks to congruently cued targets than to incongruently cued targets in both tasks. However, children with PDD showed abnormally small occipital ERPs in response to both face and arrow stimuli. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence for the capability of normal processing of face and gaze change in children with PDD. The smaller occipital activity might be related to more general abnormalities in perception.
Multiple NonInteractive Zero Knowledge Proofs Under General Assumptions

In this paper we show how to construct noninteractive zero knowledge proofs for any NP statement under general (rather than number theoretic) assumptions, and how to enable polynomially many provers to give polynomially many such proofs based on a single random string. Our constructions can be used in cryptographic applications in which the prover is restricted to polynomial time.
Internal Models in Biological Control

Rationality principles such as optimal feedback control and Bayesian inference underpin a probabilistic framework that has accounted for a range of empirical phenomena in biological sensorimotor control. To facilitate the optimization of flexible and robust behaviors consistent with these theories, the ability to construct internal models of the motor system and environmental dynamics can be crucial. In the context of this theoretic formalism, we review the computational roles played by such internal models and the neural and behavioral evidence for their implementation in the brain.
Prolactin activates IRF1 and leads to altered balance of histone acetylation: Implications for systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Objectives: Prolactin is known to be associated with autoimmune disease; however, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Previous studies have highlighted the effects on B-cell tolerance and monocyte/macrophage activation. One study found that prolactin could activate IRF1, a transcription factor implicated in SLE and interferon responses. We hypothesized that prolactin elicited transcriptional regulation though an epigenetic process related to IRF1 activation in monocytes. This study examined IRF1 activation and downstream epigenetic effects. Methods: Protein analysis, qRT-PCR, and ChIP assays were used in a human monocytic cell line and primary monocytes to define changes related to acute and chronic prolactin exposure. Results: We found that prolactin acutely induced both expression and activation of IRF1. Prolactin induced interactions of IRF1 with the histone acetyltransferase co-activators CBP and p300. Chronic prolactin induced expression of multiple histone modifying proteins and genes within the interferon signature suggesting that the prolonged exposure to prolactin resets the landscape and balance of chromatin modifying enzymes. Conclusion: These data provide insight into the mechanism of the association of prolactin with autoimmunity. We found effects at the level of epigenetics, an area not previously explored. Our data support a role for chronic prolactin regulating the expression of genes setting the landscape of chromatin modifying enzymes and driving the interferon signature. This novel finding is of relevance in systemic lupus erythematosus, where clinical effects of hyperprolactinemia have been recognized.
Rare morphological variants of the bones: epicondylar processes, metopic suture and Wormian bones in XVIII century skeleton.

Analysis of the female skeleton from the eighteenth century revealed a collection of morphological changes. Anthropological evaluation and dental X-ray techniques allowed the age to be determined at 12-13 years. The distal parts of the both humerus bones had distinct, supracondylar processes of about 5 mm at the medial-lateral surface. The frontal bone had a well-preserved metopic suture along the entire length of the squama. There were also two Wormian bones (Inca bones), asymmetrical mastoid foramen, and only left non-obliterated condylar canal. The skull measurements allowed the cranial index to be determined - 93.5 (brachycephalia) and height-length index - 98.6 (akrocephalus). Moreover, X-ray analysis of incomplete dentition was made.
A 5.8 GHz Local Positioning and Communication System

In this paper, we present a hybrid local positioning and communication system under development within the scope of the EU funded RESOLUTION project. Very stringent requirements to positioning accuracy combined with tight bandwidth limitations demand innovative approaches to combat channel multipath effects. Closely spaced multipath components are the dominant cause of error in the system. Results of system simulations utilizing indoor channel scenarios and measurements using a discrete prototype are presented to prove the possibility of achieving the design goals in spite of limiting spectral regulations.
CHID1 positively regulates RLR antiviral signaling by targeting the RIG‐I/VISA signalosome

Retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I) belongs to the RIGI‐like receptors (RLRs), a class of primary pattern recognition receptors. It senses viral double‐strand RNA in the cytoplasm and delivers the activated signal to its adaptor virus‐induced signaling adapter (VISA), which then recruits the downstream TNF receptor‐associated factors and kinases, triggering a downstream signal cascade that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and antiviral interferons (IFNs). However, the mechanism of RIG‐I‐mediated antiviral signaling is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that chitinase domain‐containing 1 (CHID1), a member of the chitinase family, positively regulates the RLR antiviral signaling pathway by targeting the RIG‐I/VISA signalosome. CHID1 overexpression enhances the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐кB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) triggered by Sendai virus (SeV) by promoting the polyubiquitination of RIG‐I and VISA, thereby potentiating IFN‐β production. CHID1 knockdown in human 239T cells inhibits SeV‐induced activation of IRF3 and NF‐κB and the induction of IFN‐β. These results indicate that CHID1 positively regulates RLR antiviral signal, revealing the novel mechanism of the RIG‐I antiviral signaling pathway.
Paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring.

OBJECTIVE The study examined the relation between paternal age at the time of birth and risk of schizophrenia in the adult offspring. METHOD Data from the birth cohort of the Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia study were used in this study. Virtually all members of this birth cohort had prospective information about paternal age at the time of the offspring's birth. Subjects with schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N=71) among members of this birth cohort were previously ascertained. In separate analyses, paternal age was modeled as a continuous variable and as a categorical variable, and its relation with the risk of adult schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders and with the risk of schizophrenia separately were examined. RESULTS There was a marginally significant, monotonic association between advancing paternal age and risk of adult schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The association held after the analysis controlled for the effects of maternal age and other potential confounders. Similar results were observed when only subjects with schizophrenia were included in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Advanced paternal age at the time of birth of the offspring may be a risk factor for adult schizophrenia.
Informational approach to cosmological parameter estimation

We introduce a new approach for cosmological parameter estimation based on the information-theoretical Jensen-Shannon Divergence (JSD), calculating it for models in the restricted parameter space {H0, w0, wa}, where H0 is the value of the Hubble constant today, and w0 and wa are dark energy parameters, with the other parameters held fixed at their best-fit values from the Planck 2018 data. As an application, we investigate the H0 tension between the Planck data and the local astronomical data by comparing the Lambda-CDM model with the wCDM and the w0waCDM dynamic dark energy models. We find agreement with other works using the standard Bayesian inference for parameter estimation, but, in addition, show that while the JSD is equally minimized for both values of H0 along the (w0,wa) plane, the lines of degeneracy are different for each value of H0. This allows for distinguishing between the two, once the value of either w0 or wa is known.
Experience of social role strain in Korean women with type 2 diabetes.

AIM To expand our understanding of the experience of social role strain in the context of diabetes care among middle-aged married Korean women with type 2 diabetes. BACKGROUND Diabetes remains an international concern. There are special challenges experienced by middle-aged married women who may not prioritize self-care and disease management. These challenges may be heightened in certain cultures due to traditional female and family roles along with other social norms and values. DESIGN Descriptive qualitative study. METHODS This qualitative descriptive study involves in-depth interviews conducted between January-February 2007 with ten middle-aged married Korean women purposively selected to represent both higher and lower levels of role strain as measured by the measure of role gratification and strain instrument from the companion study, which was conducted simultaneously. FINDINGS Korean women in this study reported 'resentment regarding previous role strain'. This psychosocial burden was heightened by a noted pattern of 'sacrificing self in favour of others', which complicated both their personal lives and their ability to take care of themselves physically. Added to this were feelings of guilt related to their diabetes and the requirements of day-to-day management expressed as, 'my diabetes makes me a liability'. CONCLUSION The women's role-strain experience related to their diabetes was intertwined with their past and current daily life. Further explication and interventions to address and manage role strain could potentially improve women's disease management and overall quality of life.
The effect of dietary high energy density and carbohydrate energy ratio on digestive enzymes activity, nutrient digestibility, amino acid utilization and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets.

This study evaluated the effect of high or low digestible energy ratio of carbohydrate in a high or normal dietary energy density on performance, amino acid utilization and intestinal functions of weaned piglets. A total of 32 healthy weaners (9.60 ± 0.13 kg) were allocated to two dietary energy densities (3,400 and 3,800 kcal/kg) and two digestible energy ratio of carbohydrate to fat (9:1 and 3:1) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were eight piglets per treatment. The feed intake of piglets was significantly increased by dietary high carbohydrate ratio (9:1) (p < 0.01); however, this did not result in improved body weight gain (p > 0.05). The piglets fed high carbohydrate energy ratio had a reduced villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio in the duodenum (p < 0.05), and dietary high energy density further decreased the VH/CD ratio in the ileum (p < 0.01). In the duodenum, the lymphocyte count was increased by dietary high energy density (p < 0.05), while dietary energy density and carbohydrate energy ratio interacted to increase lymphocyte count in the ileum (p < 0.05). The serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein were not significantly affected (p > 0.05), but dietary energy density interacted with dietary energy ratio to increase high-density lipoprotein concentration (p < 0.05) in piglets fed reduced carbohydrate energy ratio. Dietary high energy density reduced energy digestibility (p < 0.05), whereas high carbohydrate energy ratio increased crude protein digestibility in the piglets (p < 0.05). The intestinal sucrase, lactase activities and serum concentrations of histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, alanine, glycine, tyrosine and citrulline were higher in the piglets fed dietary increased carbohydrate energy ratio. Oxidative stress markers and volatile fatty acids concentrations were altered by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that dietary high energy density could be detrimental to piglets intestinal functions and that increased carbohydrate energy ratio could affect amino acid utilization and body weight gain in weaner pigs.
Cosmic Inference: Constraining Parameters with Observations and a Highly Limited Number of Simulations

Cosmological probes pose an inverse problem where the measurement result is obtained through observations, and the objective is to infer values of model parameters that characterize the underlying physical system—our universe, from these observations and theoretical forward-modeling. The only way to accurately forward-model physical behavior on small scales is via expensive numerical simulations, which are further “emulated” due to their high cost. Emulators are commonly built with a set of simulations covering the parameter space with Latin hypercube sampling and an interpolation procedure; the aim is to establish an approximately constant prediction error across the hypercube. In this paper, we provide a description of a novel statistical framework for obtaining accurate parameter constraints. The proposed framework uses multi-output Gaussian process emulators that are adaptively constructed using Bayesian optimization methods with the goal of maintaining a low emulation error in the region of the hypercube preferred by the observational data. In this paper, we compare several approaches for constructing multi-output emulators that enable us to take possible inter-output correlations into account while maintaining the efficiency needed for inference. Using a Lyα forest flux power spectrum, we demonstrate that our adaptive approach requires considerably fewer—by a factor of a few in the Lyα P(k) case considered here—simulations compared to the emulation based on Latin hypercube sampling, and that the method is more robust in reconstructing parameters and their Bayesian credible intervals.
Fighting Against Intimate Partner Violence With Hairstylists: A Pilot Study of Korean Immigrants in New York City

This study aims to explore the potential role of hairstylists in helping intimate partner violence (IPV) victims in the Korean immigrant communities using a cross-sectional survey design that includes open- and close-ended survey questions. In all, 47 Korean hair salon stylists were surveyed on their experience with their clients related to IPV. The findings of this study reveal that a high percentage of clients disclosed their and their friends’ IPV victimization to the hair salon stylists. Some of the hair salon stylists’ characteristics, such as years of working and the length of residence in the United States, were statistically associated with IPV disclosure among their clients. Most hair salon stylists were willing to help their clients in general, but they were not well-prepared to help IPV victims due to a lack of resources and knowledge. We conclude that hair salons have a great potential to increase IPV-related knowledge in immigrant communities (including the Korean community) and help IPV victims pending appropriate training aimed at improving their knowledge and competencies regarding IPV identification and intervention.
Fracture-Dislocations Demonstrate Poorer Postoperative Functional Outcomes Among Pronation External Rotation IV Ankle Fractures

Background: Pronation external rotation (PER) ankle fractures are relatively uncommon but serious ankle injuries. Although recent studies have demonstrated good outcomes of PER IV fractures after operative treatment, the effect of dislocation on functional outcomes has not yet been evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare short-term functional outcomes in PER IV ankle fractures with and without dislocation. Methods: Our database of ankle fractures surgically treated using an anatomic fixation approach by the senior author from 2003 to 2013 was reviewed. All PER IV ankle fracture patients older than 18 years with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up, including Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), were included for analysis. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, FAOS, ankle range of motion (ROM), and rate of postoperative complications were compared in PER IV fractures with and without dislocation. Of the 47 PER IV fractures included for analysis, 20 (43%) were fracture-dislocations and 27 (57%) had no dislocation. Mean age of the study cohort was 49 years (range, 24-91 years). Results: The fracture-dislocation cohort demonstrated significantly poorer FAOS (symptoms, 46 vs 70, P = .002; pain, 56 vs 82, P < .001; activities of daily living, 61 vs 84, P = .002; sports, 37 vs 59, P = .036; quality of life, 25 vs 59, P < .001) than the nondislocation cohort. Articular malreduction (33% vs 14%, P = .147) was also more common in the PER IV dislocation group. Rates of syndesmotic malreduction (44% vs 48%, P = .951) were similar between PER IV fractures with and without dislocation. Conclusion: PER IV fracture-dislocations had higher rates of articular malreduction and demonstrated statistically poorer functional outcomes than PER IV fractures with no dislocation. Dislocation in this select subset of ankle fracture patients likely represents a higher energy injury resulting in substantial articular damage and should spur appropriate preoperative patient counseling by the orthopaedic surgeon concerning functional outcome expectations. Level of Evidence: Level III clinical outcome comparison.
Deep Generative Design: Integration of Topology Optimization and Generative Models

Deep learning has recently been applied to various research areas of design optimization. This study presents the need and effectiveness of adopting deep learning for generative design (or design exploration) research area. This work proposes an artificial intelligent (AI)-based deep generative design framework that is capable of generating numerous design options which are not only aesthetic but also optimized for engineering performance. The proposed framework integrates topology optimization and generative models (e.g., generative adversarial networks (GANs)) in an iterative manner to explore new design options, thus generating a large number of designs starting from limited previous design data. In addition, anomaly detection can evaluate the novelty of generated designs, thus helping designers choose among design options. The 2D wheel design problem is applied as a case study for validation of the proposed framework. The framework manifests better aesthetics, diversity, and robustness of generated designs than previous generative design methods.