Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning a three-layer backpropagation network to recognize different Arabic fonts

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has been considered to be a major breakthrough in man- machine communication. The function of OCR is to recognize previously scanned images that may contain typed, printed, and/or handwritten characters and to output the appropriate text document. A preprocessing stage (segmentation) is first performed on the scanned text to isolate lines from documents, words from lines, and finally characters from words. Immediately following the segmentation stage is the recognition stage in which the isolated characters are first processed for feature extraction and then fed to the classification process which tries to recognize the upcoming character based on the extracted features. In this paper, a recognition stage which consists of a three-layer neural network trained by the back- propagation algorithm is considered in the recognition of different Arabic fonts. Our approach is built around three interacting processes, one procedure for feature extraction of the upcoming character element, one declarative for heuristic clustering, and one exemplar to identify the target element based on some previously learned examples.
Modeling and Simulation of Low Rate of Denial of Service Attacks

The low-rate denial of service attack is more applicable to the network in recent years as a means of attack, which is different from the traditional field type DoS attacks at the network end system or network using adaptive mechanisms exist loopholes flow through the low-rate periodic attacks on the implementation of high-efficiency attacked by an intruder and not be found, resulting in loss of user data or a computer deadlock. LDos attack since there has been extensive attention of researchers, the attack signature analysis and detection methods to prevent network security have become an important research topic. Some have been proposed for the current attacks were classified LDoS describe and model, and then in NS-2 platform for experimental verification, and then LDoS attack detection to prevent difficulties are discussed and summarized for the future such attacks detection method research work to provide a reference.
Acute Lung Injury & Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Part I

become a medical subject heading by the National Library of Medicine; however, no distinction was made at that time between cardiac and non cardiac causes. Nonetheless, what evidently moved ARDS from a nearly universally fatal form of double pneumonia was the development of methods of establishing secure airway access using tubes that could be attached to mechanical ventilators to deliver adequate pulmonary distending pressures. These techniques extended the lives of patients from a few hours to many days or even weeks, that is a long enough to recover in some cases. As this new kind of patient began to populate the newly established intensive care units, their condition rapidly became recognized as one of the most challenging acute clinical processes to treat. Since acute, diffuse, and dense bilateral infiltrates were almost never observed except in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, many surmised the cause of such infiltrates was the ventilator, hence the term [respirator lung].
Problem‐Based Learning for Production and Operations Management

In this paper we describe our application of “Problem-Based Learning” in the teaching of production/operations management. We describe a study of the effectiveness of this approach and present the results and an analysis of this study. We provide a collection of our experiences in using this method and conclude with some general observations on its appropriateness to the teaching of production management.
A 1.0-GHz 0.6-/spl mu/m 8-bit carry lookahead adder using PLA-styled all-N-transistor logic

This article presents a high-speed 8-bit carry-lookahead adder (CLA) using two-phase clocking dynamic CMOS logic with modified noninverting all-N-transistor (ANT) blocks which are arranged in a programmable logic array design style. Detailed simulation reveals appropriate L/W guidelines for the ANT block design. The area (transistor count) tradeoff is also analyzed. The operating clock frequency is 1.0 GHz, while the output of the addition of two 8-bit binary numbers is completed in two cycles. Simulation results confirm that the proposed design methodology is appropriate for the long adders, e.g., 64-bit adders, while the correct output is available after four cycles if the 64-bit adder is composed of nine hierarchical 8-bit CLA's.
Parallel hardware architecture for JPEG-LS based on domain decomposition

JPEG-LS has a large number of different and independent context sets that provide the opportunity for par-allelism. As JPEG-LS, many of the lossless image compression standards have “adaptive” error modeling as the core part. This, however, leads to data dependency loops of the compression scheme such that a parallel compression of neighboring pixels is not possible. In this paper, a hardware architecture is proposed in order to achieve parallelism in the JPEG-LS compression. In the adaptive part of the algorithm, the context update and error modeling of a pixel belonging to a context number depends on the previous pixel having the same context number. On the other hand, the probability for two successive pixels to be in different contexts is only 17%. Thus storage is required for the intermediary pixels of the same context. In this architecture, a buffer mechanism is built to exploit the parallelism regardless of the adaptive characteristics. Despite the introduced architectural parallelism, the resulting JPEG-LS codec is fully compatible with the ISO/IEC 14495-1 JPEG-LS standard. A design for such a hardware system is provided here and simulated in FPGA which is also compared with a sequential pipelined architecture of JPEG-LS implemented in FPGA. The final design makes it possible to be applied with a streaming image sensor and does not require storing the entire image before compression. Thus it is capable of lossless compression of input images in real-time embedded systems.
An Improved Adaboost Method for Face Detection

Existing Adaboost methods for face detection based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) do not consider that PSO suffers from easily trapping in local optimum and slow convergence speed. This paper presents an improved Adaboost method for face detection to solve this problem. In this method, self-adaptive escape PSO (AEPSO) is introduced into conventional Adaboost face detection, meanwhile, Haar-Like rectangular features are represented by particles, so that features selection and classifiers construction could be resolved by using AEPSO. Results of simulation based on Matlab indicate the improved method obtains better detection performance.
Amputee Sexual Dysfunction

Aberrations in sexual health within the military culture is documented even in uninjured service members. The military culture emphasizes fitness, endurance, performance, and resilience. These masculine “values” likely reflect the male predominance in the military but also overlap with an emphasis on an ideal, vigorous, capable body [3], placing a service member with any perceived body image deficiency at risk of sexual dysfunction. A recent survey of male military personnel without bodily injury found erectile dysfunction rates as high as 33% [4].
Reliable bandwidth estimation for handoff calls in wireless networks

Abstract The aim of handoff is to enable a mobile terminal (MT) to seamlessly move between cells while maintaining the negotiated Quality of Service (QoS) of its active connections. This can be achieved by providing sufficient resources (e.g., bandwidths) when the MT crosses the boundary of cells (the geographic area within which while MTs can communicate with each other to ensure continuity of connections when the MT users move from one cell to another). Handoff technique is especially important in application of wireless multimedia networks. A pressing problem is the need to reduce the probability of drops while maintaining an ongoing session during the handoff operation of mobile terminals (MTs). In general, the blocking of new calls is regarded as more acceptable than the risk of inducing handoff failures. Numerous schemes have been proposed to provide a satisfactory QoS for handoff calls. This paper uses a stochastic method to develop a novel approach for calculating the reserved bandwidth requirements of handoff calls. Significantly, in the proposed method, the reserved bandwidth requirements are estimated by taking the MT’s speed into consideration; the direction of travel of the MT is ignored. The main contribution in this paper is concentrated on estimation of the bandwidth requirement for handoff calls in wireless networks. Unlike traditional method, which dividing bandwidth by using arrival rate. We propose a generic method of bandwidth estimation for handoff calls according to the residence duration which have the advantages both on resource cost reducing and accuracy in bandwidth estimations with ignoring the direction of the MT movement.
Variable-bit-rate traffic modelling for dimensioning 3G CDMA systems

It is well known that the statistics of a traffic load impact strongly on the queueing and blocking performance of a network. It is not well understood what impact the traffic statistics have on the propagation dependent performance of a network. We consider whether it is possible to approximate variable-bit-rate traffic more conveniently as a constant traffic load when dimensioning the propagation aspects of a CDMA system. Simulating a typical outdoor 3G CDMA system and comparing downlink performance with both variable long-range-dependent traffic and a constant traffic approximation address this question. It is shown that in most scenarios the traffic statistics have negligible impact on the propagation model with low variability is the constant traffic approximation not appropriate.
Balanced RF Duplexer with Low Interference Using Hybrid BAW Resonators for LTE Application

A balanced RF duplexer with low interference in an extremely narrow bandgap is proposed. The Long‐Term Evolution band‐7 duplexer should be designed to prevent the co‐existence problem with the WiFi band, whose fractional bandgap corresponds to only 0.7%. By implementing a hybrid bulk acoustic wave (BAW) structure, the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) value of the duplexer is successfully reduced and the suppressed interference for the narrow bandgap is performed. To achieve an RF duplexer with balanced Rx output topology, we also propose a novel balanced BAW Rx topology and RF circuit block. The novel balanced Rx filter is designed with both lattice‐ and ladder‐type configurations to ensure excellent attenuation. The RF circuit block, which is located between the antenna and the Rx filter, is developed to simultaneously function as a balance‐to‐unbalance transformer and a phase shift network. The size of the fabricated duplexer is as small as 2.0 mm × 1.6 mm. The maximum insertion loss of the duplexer is as low as 2.4 dB in the Tx band, and the minimum attenuation in the WiFi band is as high as 36.8 dB. The TCF value is considerably lowered to −16.9 ppm/°C.
Semantic web application for the taking of decisions for WBE systems

In this paper a new architecture for development of Semantic Web Applications for decision taking using the paradigm of Web-Based Education (WBE) is presented. This architecture is based on the IEEE 1484 LTSA (Learning Technology System Architecture) specification, Multi-Agent System (MAS) and the software components named Intelligent Reusable Learning Components Object Oriented (IRLCOO). IRLCOO are a special type of Sharable Content Object (SCO) used like composition units under the Sharable Content Object Reusable Model (SCORM). SCORM is used to create reusable and interoperable learning content. The new architecture is oriented to offer interoperability at level application under the philosophy of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).
A QoS-controlled distributed interactive multimedia system on ATM networks

Building ATM-based distributed interactive multimedia systems with end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees raises a complex set of issues. In this paper various issues, means and mechanisms involved in building such systems, using the conventional Unix operating system are addressed and explored. While the study focuses on the end systems, a simple network model is also developed, which facilitates the provision of the end-to-end QoS guarantees. An end-to-end QoS architecture is proposed to facilitate the performance guarantees for the end-user.
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games as arenas for second language learning

This article investigates contemporary research on the use of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) in language education. The development and key features of these games are explored. This is followed by an examination of the theories proposed as a basis for game-based learning, and the claims made regarding the value of utilizing network-based gaming in computer assisted language learning (CALL). A critical analysis of three influential learner-based studies drawn from the literature is then undertaken. This reveals that present research is largely exploratory in nature and is subject to limitations. The analysis draws attention to the role played by learner training and indicates that for intermediate and advanced level English language learners, MMORPGs offer a motivating context that elicits engagement in beneficial forms of target language interaction. Research further suggests that learner participation in network-based gaming provides valuable opportunities for vocabulary acquisition and the development of communicative competence. This article concludes by highlighting the urgent need for additional studies and identifies areas with potential in future research.
On being bored and lost (in virtuality)

Education in virtual worlds has the potential, it seems, for engaging students in innovative ways and for enabling new discourses on a host of issues. Although virtual spaces are often lauded as ‘fun’ and ‘creative’ for students, experiences here are not universal because of the different challenges they present for students. Virtual locations like Second Life, Kaneva, or World of Warcraft, among other multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs), also come with unique challenges for educators as we consider the affordances and risks involved in introducing new technologies into the classroom. Virtual worlds themselves require additional pedagogical and technological scaffolding if they are to function as fun and creative spaces for students. Further, the nuanced interactions of ‘real’ classroom spaces are sometimes lost in representational virtual spaces. In exploring subject formation and Second Life, deWinter and Vie (2008) recognize that ‘instructors need to foreground any participation in Second Life with strategies for avoiding or extracting oneself from difficult situations and discussions’ (319). We take their suggestion about preparing students for online environments to heart in this viewpoint, and here we focus specifically on the need for pedagogical and technological scaffolding. Our experiences both as students learning in Second Life and instructors teaching in virtual environments led us to invent the dialogue below, which reflects the complexities we have encountered. These two characters (Bored and Lost) were inspired from our own experiences as graduate students who were, indeed, bored and lost in virtuality, but in what follows we imagine them as undergraduate students in the composition courses we teach. After each dialogue, we offer a response to how thinking about these students’ positions might lead to a more critical pedagogical stance where virtual worlds are concerned.
Hierarchical Classification Methods of Chinese Scientific Papers Based on Extracting Key Words

In recent years, there have been extensive studies and rapid progresses in automatic text classification, which is one of the hotspots and key techniques in the information retrieval and data mining field. Feature extraction and classification algorithm are the crucial technologies for this problem. This paper firstly proposed feature extraction algorithm based on key words, the algorithm selected key words set from special part of scientific papers, and employed mutual information to extract features. And then, proposed an improved hierarchical classification method, and realized hierarchical classification of Chinese scientific papers.
The Effects of Case Marking Information on Korean Sentence Processing

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether a parser's on-line processes are affected by manipulation of case markings in Korean sentence processing, and to evaluate the usefulness of a Ranked Flagged Serial Parser (RFSP) model in predicting Korean ambiguity resolution processes. By using a self-paced word-by-word reading task, in Experiment 1, relative and coordinate sentences of the form NP-ka (nominative), NP-lul (accusative), and Verb were compared to those sentences of the form NP-nun (topic marker), NP-lul, and Verb. In Experiment 2, relative sentences that have NP-ka, NP-ka, and Verb sequence were compared to those sentences of NP-nun, NP-ka, and Verb sequence. In addition, reversed relative clause sentences were compared after changing case markings of the last NP. The topic marker -nun changed overall patterns of word-by-word reading times of the sentences in both experiments. The results clearly showed that local grammatical cues, such as case markings, are used in generating syntactic h.
Heterogeneous Strategy and its Application in an Improved Micro-Genetic Algorithm

Heterogeneous strategy, population isolation, arithmetic crossover and optimum reserved strategy are used to improve micro-genetic algorithm (mGA) in this paper. Heterogeneous strategy is used to improve the probability of convergence to global optimal solution and quicken up the convergence. Reset frequency is decreased while the global and local searching capabilities of mGA between two resets are enhanced, which makes mGA searching the parameter space intelligently as the mode recognition information is preserved as much as possible. Adaptive random mutation, which used existing genetic information of the current groups, is used to increase efficient search. Finally, standard functions testing demonstrate that the improved mGA can find better optimum solutions with less computing cost than standard genetic algorithm (SGA).
Management of Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are common in ENT practice with a prevalence of 4-8% on clinical palpation and up to 8 - 76% when evaluated with an Ultrasound Scan (US). When the nodule size is 1 cm or more it becomes clinically palpable. Approximately 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant. Detailed history and clinical examination are important in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules. Though US and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) are useful investigations for thyroid nodules, it may not be possible to arrive at a diagnosis in all cases. Several US features suspicious for malignancy have been identified. Classification systems based on the FNAC results have been devised and are useful in surgical decision-making and management. Molecular testing can be used in nodules with FNAC results of atypia or follicular neoplasm, to stratify the risk of cancer. Patients with benign cytology may need a lobectomy for compressive symptoms or cosmetic concerns. Follicular lesions on FNAC need a diagnostic lobectomy followed by completion thyroidectomy, if proven to be malignant. Majority of the Differentiated Thyroid Cancers (DTC) will require total thyroidectomy, radio-active ablation and suppressive thyroxine therapy.
Compound naming in aphasia: effects of complexity, part of speech, and semantic transparency

This study examines spoken naming of German nominal compounds in four individuals with chronic aphasia in order to test current theories about the production of morphologically complex nouns. We investigated the impact of morphological complexity, grammatical class of the modifier, and of the constituents' semantic transparency on spoken naming accuracies, error types, and position of preserved constituents in erroneous responses. The results show that most participants were specifically impaired with compounds compared to long matched simple nouns. Furthermore, the grammatical class of the modifier affected the qualitative error pattern for three participants with agrammatic aphasia who were particularly impaired in retrieving the verbal modifier constituent as compared to the nominal head. In contrast, for noun–noun compounds no head superiority effect was obtained. Finally, semantic transparency did not affect overall naming accuracies, but the occurrence of constituent errors, i.e. erroneous responses overlapping with the target in one constituent. More constituent errors were observed for transparent than opaque targets. The results are compatible with decompositional and dual route accounts.
EGF/EGFR signaling axis is a significant regulator of the proteasome expression and activity in colon cancer cells

Colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in the (patho)physiology of the disease. EGFR controls vital cellular processes, while this action is associated with poor prognosis. In addition, K-Ras mutations are associated with the promotion of the disease and the anti-EGFR resistance. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays also a very important role in cancer, modulating cell cycle and other cellular processes such as the growth and the survival of cancer cells. Proteasome inhibition affects, in several cases, the action and the protein levels of EGFR. Nevertheless, little is known whether the reversed option is possible. In this study, we, therefore, investigated the impact of epidermal growth factor (EGF)/EGFR signaling axis on gene expression and the proteolytic activity of the proteasome subunits, as well as whether Nrf2, an activator of proteasome expression, plays a role in this process. Moreover, we evaluated whether EGF regulates the expression of its own receptor and the proliferation rate of DLD-1 (K-Ras mutated) colon cancer cells. The obtained data showed that, although EGF has no significant effect on the proliferation of DLD-1 colon cancer cells, it significantly upregulates the expression of EGFR as well as the expression and the activity of the proteasome, suggesting that the EGF-mediated proteasome activation could possibly lead to enhanced EGFR degradation leading to autoregulation of EGF–EGFR pathway. Nrf2 activation did not induce proteasome gene expression in DLD-1 colon cancer cells.
Implementasi XML Signature pada Dokumen XML untuk Transkrip Nilai Online

XML as data representation is used for data exchange among various web based applications. XML documents have a structured format and they are machine-useable and human-readable. This causes the XML to have a big chance to be modified, so the data integrity is no longer secure. In order to keep the integrity, a standard way issued by W3C using XML Digital Signature is needed. There are three types of XML Digital Signature, i.e. Enveloped, Enveloping and Detached. This research applies the two types; Enveloped and Enveloping by using online transcript case and data transcript verification with XML format, witch already has digital signature. In creating or developing the XML-base next application, it is important to use this security standard to create secure XML. Keywords : XML Digital Signature, XML Secure