Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholine Repairs the Amyloid-beta Damage on Brain Circuitry and Memory Loss From a “Mutated Biomimetic Acetylcholinesterase” Neuronal Memcapacitor During Slow-Wave Sleeping

Many diseases involve the dysregulation of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) causing inappropriate production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH). Providing knowledge regarding how the ACH actually repairs a life threatening neural circuitry damage is valuable. An artificial neuronal device was developed with nanostructured biomimetic mutated ACHE gorge membrane on gold chips having memristor/memcapacitor’s characteristics, served as a model for damaged brain circuitry motif, compared before and after ACH treatments, for evaluation of the memory restoration in the presence of Aβ under the conditions of free from tracers and antibodies in NIST human serum. The results are presented in three categories in “Energy-Sensory” images. Before ACH treatments, images showed four stages of circuitry damages from non symptomatic to life threatening. After a 15 nM ACH treatment, the circuitry was restored due to the ACH removed Pathological High Frequency Oscillation (pHFO) center during SlowWaving Sleeping (SWS). After the motif increased hydrophobicity, the High Frequency Oscillation (HFO) was created. Results were compared between the recovered and the “normal brain”: 0.14 vs. 0.47 pJ/bit/μm for long-term and 14.0 vs.7. 0 aJ/bit/μm for short-term memory, respectively.
Preliminary study of benign and malignant differentiation of small pulmonary nodules in lung CT images by using deep learning convolutional neural network

The benign and malignant differential diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules (diameter < 20 mm) found in lung CT images is big challenges for most of radiologists. Here, we presented our preliminary study of benign and malignant differentiation of small pulmonary nodules in lung CT images by using deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The 921 cases with small benign and malignant pulmonary nodules confirmed by pathology were collected from three data sources and were used to train and validate the CNN. The preliminary results of AUCs of ROC curves for differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary small nodules with various types and sizes of solid, semi-solid and ground glass nodules were presented and discussed.
Guiding coral reef futures in the Anthropocene

Anthropogenic changes to the Earth now rival those caused by the forces of nature and have shepherded us into a new planetary epoch – the Anthropocene. Such changes include profound and often unexpected alterations to coral reef ecosystems and the services they provide to human societies. Ensuring that reefs and their services endure during the Anthropocene will require that key drivers of coral reef change – fishing, water quality, and anthropogenic climate change – stay within acceptable levels or “safe operating spaces”. The capacity to remain within these safe boundaries hinges on understanding the local, but also the increasingly global and cross-scale, socioeconomic causes of these human drivers of change. Consequently, local and regional management efforts that are successful in the short term may ultimately fail if current decision making and institution-building around coral reef systems remains fragmented, poorly coordinated, and unable to keep pace with the escalating speed of social, technological, and ecological change.
Selection of an Efficient Image Classifier-A Critical Analysis

The most important part of image analysis is classification which helps in grouping the pixels in an image into different categories on the basis of their information content. Classification concept which was originated from pattern recognition field has a widespread application in satellite image analysis and medical diagnosis. Classification also helps in reducing the search time by grouping same type of images, so that, the searching operation can be conducted on the specific group of images instead of searching all the images. On the basis of parameters used for classification, the image classification techniques can be divided into different types. A large number of studies have been conducted for classifying images using different types of classification algorithms. The aim of this paper is to perform a detailed review of the classification algorithms and do a comparative study of the work done by the researchers on image classification.
Role of mitochondrial soluble adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterases and Epac in cardiac mitochondrial function and cell death

CAMP is an important messenger in neurohormonal regulation of the heart. By activating its effectors, cAMP regulates many cellular functions such as gene expression, excitation-contraction coupling and cellular metabolism. In mammals, cAMP is produced by a family of adenylyl cyclase with various subcellular locations and membrane anchorage. The existence and role of cyclic nucleotide signaling in mitochondria has been postulated, but has not yet been demonstrated. Moreover, its implication in the regulation of cell death is still unknown. In this thesis, we demonstrated the local expression of several actors of cAMP signaling within cardiac mitochondria, namely a truncated form of soluble AC (sACt) and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1) and showed a protective role for sACt against cell death, apoptosis as well as necrosis, in primary cardiomyocytes. Upon stimulation with bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Ca2+, sACt produces cAMP, which in turn stimulates oxygen consumption, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and ATP production. cAMP is rate-limiting for matrix Ca2+ entry via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and, as a consequence, prevented mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). In addition, in mitochondria isolated from failing rat hearts, stimulation of the mitochondrial cAMP pathway by HCO3- rescued the sensitization of mitochondria to Ca2+-induced MPT. We also found that PDE2, 3 and 4 families are located in cardiac mitochondria. They form a local signaling pathway with soluble AC in the matrix, which regulates cardiac mitochondrial functions. Thus, our study identifies a link between mitochondrial cAMP, mitochondrial metabolism, some PDEs and cell death in the heart, which is independent of cytosolic cAMP signaling. This might constitute a novel cardioprotective mechanism through mitochondrial function preservation in pathophysiological conditions.
Modeling diesel combustion with tabulated kinetics and different flame structure assumptions based on flamelet approach

Computational fluid dynamics analysis represents a useful approach to design and develop new engine concepts and investigate advanced combustion modes. Large chemical mechanisms are required for a correct description of the combustion process, especially for the prediction of pollutant emissions. Tabulated chemistry models allow to reduce significantly the computational cost, maintaining a good accuracy. In the present work, an investigation of tabulated approaches, based on flamelet assumptions, is carried out to simulate turbulent Diesel combustion in the Spray A framework. The Approximated Diffusion Flamelet is tested under different ambient conditions and compared with Flamelet Generated Manifold, and both models are validated with Engine Combustion Network experimental data. Flame structure, combustion process and soot formation were analyzed in this work. Computed results confirm the impact of the turbulent–chemistry interaction on the ignition event. Therefore, a new look-up table concept Five-Dimensional-Flamelet Generated Manifold, that accounts for an additional dimension (strain rate), has been developed and tested, giving promising results.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Solubility Analysis of a Famotidine Cocrystal

A novel cocrystal of the potent H2 receptor antagonist famotidine (FMT) was synthesized with malonic acid (MAL) to enhance its solubility. The cocrystal structure was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, and the asymmetry unit contains one FMT and one MAL connected via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is monoclinic with a P21/n space group and unit cell parameters a = 7.0748 (3) Å, b = 26.6502 (9) Å, c = 9.9823 (4) Å, α = 90, β = 104.2228 (12), γ = 90, V = 1824.42 (12) Å3, and Z = 4. The cocrystal had unique thermal, spectroscopic, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) properties that differed from FMT. The solubility of the famotidine-malonic acid cocrystal (FMT-MAL) was 4.2-fold higher than FMT; the FAM-MAL had no change in FMT stability at high temperature, high humidity, or with illumination.
Impact of Taro Corms on Functional Low Fat Ice Cream Properties

The influence of adding Taro corms ( Colocasia esculenta L. ) on the physico-chemical, rheological, and organoleptic properties. Moreover, antioxidant compounds present in ice cream mixtures, and their resultant frozen products was studied. Taro corms , whether fresh or boiled, was added (partial substitute of ice cream mix), at a levels of 10, 20, and 30% , to the mixtures of the experimental treatments, after reducing their fat contents to 4%, and stabilizer/emulsifier mixture to 0.175 % , while the control treatment contained 8% fat, 15 % sugar, 12% MSNF% and 0.35% stabilizer/ emulsifier complex. Results indicated that, dry matter, fiber and pH values, were significantly increased in the mixtures of Taro corms as levels of addition increased. No significant differences were found in the contents of protein, fat, and carbohydrates among the Taro corms treatments. Data also showed significant differences between control treatment and the other Taro corms treatments in TS, fat and ash contents. Specific gravity , weight per gallon and freezing points of the mixes containing Taro corms , whether boiled or fresh , were found lower than the corresponding values of the control. Contrarily, viscosity as well as flow time of the Taro corms treatments were higher than that of the control. It could also be noticed an increase in the specific gravity and weight per gallon, and consequently in the overrun and melting resistances of the resultant low fat ice cream made by adding Taro corms. Control treatment characterized with higher values of overrun and melting resistance loss (%) than Taro corms treatments. On the other hand, control treatment had the lowest values of antioxidant compounds. All treatments were organoleptically accepted, and the ice cream with 20% boiled Taro corms characterized with slightly superior sensory properties, compared with the control, followed by 30% and 10% boiled Taro corms, in the same order. It could be recommended that the examined low fat ice cream with added 30% boiled Taro corms was of higher quality after reducing the fat content and stabilizer/emulsifier complex by half.
Re‐assessing effects of bromide and granular activated carbon on disinfection byproduct formation

While granular activated carbon (GAC) can effectively remove disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors, its use has raised concerns over the increased formation of some brominated DBP (Br‐DBP) species in treated water postchlorination, especially for waters with high bromide concentrations. The Information Collection Rule Treatment Study Database contains the results of the most extensive GAC studies ever conducted nationwide. Data were analyzed to assess the extent of DBP speciation changes and the overall reduction of Br‐DBPs by GAC to gain new insights into the bromide effect. Results showed that formation of three brominated trihalomethanes (collectively Br‐THM3) varied greatly depending on total organic carbon (TOC) removal and bromide concentrations. Low TOC concentrations in GAC effluents resulted in greatly reduced Br‐THM3 formation, except for a few cases where Br‐THM3 formation increased. GAC followed by chloramination were likely to better control Br‐THM3 formation for waters with high TOC and high bromide. Finally, chlorine demand reduction by GAC was quantified.
Some Reflections on the New Challenges Facing the Modern State

The debate among economists over the scope of state intervention in economic processes has a long history. After periods in which laissez-faire theories were dominant, views that promoted the active participation of the state in economic life increasingly came to the fore. Economic theory and business practice, both subject to fluctuations, have sometimes preferred the first approach and sometimes the second. The modern state operates in an increasingly globalized, dynamic, and turbulent environment. This changeable environment, the diversity of development levels, and the emergence of new institutions urge a redefinition of its role in modern economies. This paper contributes to the debate on the challenges and economic role of modern state and identifies some of those challenges.
An analysis of the application of intelligent tutoring systems on students' self-regulated learning development

Background: Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) can provide one-to-one tutoring opportunities to every student at any time and in any place by applying artificial intelligence technologies to model students' learning progress and understand teachers' teaching strategies. As attractive as this may sound, the reality is that the potential of such an ITS has yet to be realized and in practice such systems have had only a limited impact on classrooms. One potential reason for the slow uptake of such a teaching approach is that students studying alone with an ITS require a higher level of self-regulated learning skills (SRL). If these skills aren't properly inculcated it is less likely that students will commit to long-term use of an ITS. Purpose: Previous studies have reported that SRL skills have significant positive impacts on student's learning outcomes. Much of the research on applying ITS to improve student's SRL abilities has accumulated from 1998 to 2014. So far, however, there has been little discussion about the available options to measure and support SRL in these types of ITS, and the system's effectiveness on learner's academic performance. Design/Method: The study collected 53 empirical studies of designing, implementing and evaluating ITS - those ITS which not only teach domain knowledge but also foster a learner's SRL abilities. Meta-analysis was applied as the main research method in order to gain comprehensive insights into the ITS in this field. Results: Our analysis suggests that no ITS in this field had negative impact on students' learning outcomes. The results of this research support the idea that ITS is an effective teaching method to foster a student's SRL abilities, and that use of such an ITS has a small positive impact on student's learning outcomes. Conclusions: The ITS evaluated here used learning analytics and collected event data to measure a learner's SRL progress, rather than using self-reported data, which might be common for traditional classroom instruction. The fundamental modes of scaffolding were prompts and feedback. Moreover, the timing of prompt's appearance (just-in-time or delayed), and the content of the feedback (context-sensitive or context-insensitive) had a significant influence on student's learning outcomes. The SRL mechanism could be embedded in an ITS from the initial design stage or be retro-fitted to an existing ITS as addon agents afterwards. Most of these systems were model-tracing ITS and multi-agent systems. While most of the ITS in this field were designed for STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) subjects, relatively little was found in the literature on ITS applied in Engineering education, and in particular in electrical engineering.
Comparison of Different Time and Frequency Domain Feature Extraction Methods on Elbow Gesture’s EMG

Objective:In this study we will get EMG signals from arm for different elbow gestures, than filtering the signal and later classification the signal. The reason for doing is that, EMG signals are used for many rehabilitation and assistive prostheses of paralyzed or injured people. Methods:Filtering a biological signal is the key point for these type studies. Filtering the EMG signals needed and starts with the elimination of the 50 Hz mains supply noise. After filtering the signal, feature extraction will be applied for both wrist flexion and wrist extension cases. There are many feature extraction methods for time and frequency domain. After feature extraction, classification of hand movements will be studied using extracted features. Classification is made using K Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The dataset used in this study is acquired by the EMG signal acquisition tool and belong to us. Results:90 % accuracy performance is obtained by K Nearest Neighbor algorithm purposed signal classification. Conclusion:This system is capable of conducting the classification process with a good performance to biomedical studies. So,this structure can be helpful as machine-learning based decision support system for medical purpose.
Evidence for Synaptic Vesicle Binding by the C-terminal of a Short Splice CaV2.1 Calcium Channel

Action potential evoked neurotransmission is gated by Ca influx through voltage-activated calcium channels (CaVs), predominantly CaV2.1 and CaV2.2. It is generally accepted that synaptic vesicles (SVs) must be tethered near the channel pore to allow for the timing of fast, synchronous transmission, however, the molecular identity of this tether remains unknown. Previously our lab developed an in-vitro SV pull-down assay (SV-PD) to directly test SVbinding. We demonstrated that the intracellular C-terminal of the chick CaV2.2 binds SVs via a conserved motif. Here we use SV-PD combined with mutant protein and blocking peptide approaches to characterize SV-binding by the C-terminal of the newly cloned chick CaV2.1. We find that the CaV2.1 C-terminal can bind SVs at a more proximal site via the same motif identified in CaV2.2 and this binding is subject to modulation by alternative splicing. These findings suggest that CaV2.2 and CaV2.1 can tether SVs through the same molecular
Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) Based Two-photon Fluorescent Probe for Bisulfite with Bioimaging Applications

Abstract A two-photon fluorescent probe has been adopted for bisulfite based on an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of the probe decreased by 837 fold following treatment with HSO3− and the detection limit was 42 nM. This probe showed excellent properties such as high photostability, good two-photon properties, and large Stokes shifts. More importantly, this approach offers a rapid, highly selective, and sensitive method to determine HSO3− in buffer solutions and real samples. Furthermore, the probe was successfully used for two-photon fluorescence visualization of trace SO2 derivatives in biological systems.
Social Media Analysis based on Semanticity of Streaming and Batch Data.

Languages shared by people differ in different regions based on their accents, pronunciation and word usages. In this era sharing of language takes place mainly through social media and blogs. Every second swing of such a micro posts exist which induces the need of processing those micro posts, in-order to extract knowledge out of it. Knowledge extraction differs with respect to the application in which the research on cognitive science fed the necessities for the same. This work further moves forward such a research by extracting semantic information of streaming and batch data in applications like Named Entity Recognition and Author Profiling. In the case of Named Entity Recognition context of a single micro post has been utilized and context that lies in the pool of micro posts were utilized to identify the sociolect aspects of the author of those micro posts. In this work Conditional Random Field has been utilized to do the entity recognition and a novel approach has been proposed to find the sociolect aspects of the author (Gender, Age group).
Liquid Crystallinity as a Self‐Assembly Motif for High‐Efficiency, Solution‐Processed, Solid‐State Singlet Fission Materials

Solution and solution‐deposited thin films of the discotic liquid crystalline electron acceptor–donor–acceptor (A‐D‐A) p‐type organic semiconductor FHBC(TDPP)2, synthesized by coupling thienyl substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) onto a fluorenyl substituted hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (FHBC) core, are examined by ultrafast and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and time‐resolved photoluminescence studies to examine their ability to support singlet fission (SF). Grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray (GIWAX) studies indicate that as‐cast thin films of FHBC(TDPP)2 are “amorphous,” while hexagonal packed discotic liquid crystalline films evolve during thermal annealing. SF in as‐cast thin films is observed with an ≈150% triplet generation yield. Thermally annealing the thin films improves SF yields up to 170%. The as‐cast thin films show no long‐range order, indicating a new class of SF material where the requirement for local order and strong near neighbor coupling has been removed. Generation of long‐lived triplets (µs) suggests that these materials may also be suitable for inclusion in organic solar cells to enhance performance.
Research on protein folding of cannabinoid receptor type II based on HP model

Cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2 for short) is a subtype of cannabinoid receptor. At present, the three-dimensional conformation of CB2 protein has not been determined. In this paper, a protein folding method of CB2 based on HP model and genetic algorithm are proposed, which can help to study the folding mechanism and pharmacological properties of CB2. By using the backtracking mechanism, the genetic algorithm, which can help to solve this optimization problem, can help to avoid local optimization. The folding results obtained by the algorithm are analysed and compared. The experimental results demonstrate that the CB2 conformation obtained by genetic algorithm has a lower energy value, which is a good basis for further research on CB2 folding mechanism.
Fundamentals of Nonparametric Bayesian Inference

Explosive growth in computing power has made Bayesian methods for infinite-dimensional models - Bayesian nonparametrics - a nearly universal framework for inference, finding practical use in numerous subject areas. Written by leading researchers, this authoritative text draws on theoretical advances of the past twenty years to synthesize all aspects of Bayesian nonparametrics, from prior construction to computation and large sample behavior of posteriors. Because understanding the behavior of posteriors is critical to selecting priors that work, the large sample theory is developed systematically, illustrated by various examples of model and prior combinations. Precise sufficient conditions are given, with complete proofs, that ensure desirable posterior properties and behavior. Each chapter ends with historical notes and numerous exercises to deepen and consolidate the reader's understanding, making the book valuable for both graduate students and researchers in statistics and machine learning, as well as in application areas such as econometrics and biostatistics.
Assessment of the Phytotoxicity of Gold Nanoclusters on Soybean

In this work, the effect of gold clusters on seed germination and physiological changes in soybean was assessed. The results show that seed germination was were promoted by gold clusters solution. However, with the increase of gold clusters concentration, the root length and steam length of soybean decreased trough seed germination. Meanwhile, the fresh and try weight of soybean also decreased. The further study found that content of MDA in soybean increased obviously, and the content of soluble sugar in soybean decreased obviously under the stress of high concentration gold cluster solution.