Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diverse mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation and their therapeutic implications: does the shoe fit?

ABSTRACT In its third edition, the Vancouver Autophagy Symposium presented a platform for vibrant discussion on the differential roles of macroautophagy/autophagy in disease. This one-day symposium was held at the BC Cancer Research Centre in Vancouver, BC, bringing together experts in cell biology, protein biochemistry and medicinal chemistry across several different disease models and model organisms. The Vancouver Autophagy Symposium featured 2 keynote speakers that are well known for their seminal contributions to autophagy research, Dr. David Rubinsztein (Cambridge Institute for Medical Research) and Dr. Kay F. Macleod (University of Chicago). Key discussions included the context-dependent roles and mechanisms of dysregulation of autophagy in diseases and the corresponding need to consider context-dependent autophagy modulation strategies. Additional highlights included the differential roles of bulk autophagy versus selective autophagy, novel autophagy regulators, and emerging chemical tools to study autophagy inhibition. Interdisciplinary discussions focused on addressing questions such as which stage of disease to target, which type of autophagy to target and which component to target for autophagy modulation. Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer disease; AMFR/Gp78: autocrine motility factor receptor; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; CVB3: coxsackievirus B3; DRPLA: dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD: ER-associated degradation; FA: focal adhesion; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HD: Huntingtin disease; HIF1A/Hif1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HTT: huntingtin; IM: imatinib mesylate; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NBR1: neighbour of BRCA1; OGA: O-GlcNAcase; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PLEKHM1: pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1; polyQ: poly-glutamine; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RP: retinitis pigmentosa; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SPCA3: spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer.
Distance Based Source Domain Selection for Sentiment Classification

Automated sentiment classification (SC) on short text fragments has received increasing attention in recent years. Performing SC on unseen domains with few or no labeled samples can significantly affect the classification performance due to different expression of sentiment in source and target domain. In this study, we aim to mitigate this undesired impact by proposing a methodology based on a predictive measure, which allows us to select an optimal source domain from a set of candidates. The proposed measure is a linear combination of well-known distance functions between probability distributions supported on the source and target domains (e.g. Earth Mover's distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence). The performance of the proposed methodology is validated through an SC case study in which our numerical experiments suggest a significant improvement in the cross domain classification error in comparison with a random selected source domain for both a naive and adaptive learning setting. In the case of more heterogeneous datasets, the predictability feature of the proposed model can be utilized to further select a subset of candidate domains, where the corresponding classifier outperforms the one trained on all available source domains. This observation reinforces a hypothesis that our proposed model may also be deployed as a means to filter out redundant information during a training phase of SC.
Research on the Construction of Interprocedural Def-Use Relationship

In this paper, we propose a method based on the technology of interprocedural data-flow analysis to build and construct the use-def relationship using Definition Expression, and then analyze and model the data-flow between processes using the technology of function summary. This information is essential to cluster the similar inspection points reported by static testing tools, which can greatly improve the efficiency of manually defect confirmation.
Myocarditis presenting as variant angina: a rare presentation

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium caused by an infec-tious or autoimmune process. Myocarditis may present with a broad range of symptoms, ranging from mild shortness of breath or chest pain that resolves without specific therapy to cardiogenic shock and death [1]. Myocarditis presents very rarely as variant angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm. A 45-year-old man with no significant past medical history other than a recent urinary tract infection presented to the emergency department (ED) with substernal chest pain. The chest pain was described as a substernal pressure which lasted for 45 min and was associated with a feel-ing of doom. There were no known aggravating or alleviating factors. He had no known cardiovascular risk factors and he denied recent use of recreational drugs. His system review was positive for dysuria and diarrhea. The blood pressure was 123/79 mm Hg, the heart rate was 76 bpm, and the respiratory rate was 14/min. The patient was afebrile. The oxygen saturation was 99% on room air. Physical examination in-cluding cardiovascular examination was normal. The electrocardiogram
Running mechanics of females with bilateral compartment syndrome

[Purpose] Primary purpose was to compare running mechanics between healthy runners and runners with chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) including overstride angles, ankle dorsiflexion (DF) angles, and foot strike patterns. The secondary purpose was to analyze the association between the overstride angles and ankle DF angles. [Participants and Methods] Running images of 7 female runners with bilateral CECS patients were captured at a time of the medical examination. Their running images were compared with gender, age, and body mass index matched 31 healthy control runners. [Results] The bilateral CECS female runners have a propensity of running with significantly greater overstride and ankle DF angles than the healthy female runners. There were no foot strike differences between the two cohorts. There were a non-significant, poor relationship between overstride and ankle DF angles in the healthy female runners while a significant, strong association was found between overstride and ankle DF angles in the bilateral CECS female runners. [Conclusion] Compared to healthy female runners, bilateral CECS female runners demonstrated different running mechanics including greater overstride and ankle DF angles. The two variables were strongly associated with each other in bilateral CECS female runners, but not in healthy female runners. This may potentially contribute to the mechanism of CECS development.
Dietary intake of cod protein beneficially affects concentrations of urinary markers of kidney function and results in lower urinary loss of amino acids in obese Zucker fa/fa rats

Abstract Obesity increases the risk for developing kidney disease, and protection of kidneys through changes in diet should be investigated. Fish intake has been associated with reduced risk of developing kidney disease; therefore, we wanted to investigate whether cod protein intake could prevent or delay the development of kidney damage in an obese rat model that spontaneously develops proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The aim of the study was to investigate any effects of cod protein intake on established markers of kidney function, amino acid composition, protein utilisation and growth in obese Zucker fa/fa rats in the early stage of decreased renal function. Male obese Zucker fa/fa rats (HsdOla:Zucker-Lepr) were fed cod muscle proteins in an amount corresponding to 25 % of dietary protein, with the remaining protein from a casein/whey mixture (COD diet). A control group was fed a diet with a casein/whey mixture as the only protein source (CAS diet). The intervention started when rats were 9–10 weeks old, and the rats were fed these diets for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, rats fed the COD diet had lower urine concentration of cystatin C, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1), amino acids, carbamide, uric acid and ammonium and higher concentrations of creatine, trimethylamine N-oxide, 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine, lower kidney concentration of TIM-1 and showed better growth when compared with the CAS group. To conclude, cod protein may have the potential to delay the development of kidney damage in young obese Zucker rats and to improve protein utilisation and growth.
The burden of Diabetes, Its Oral Complications and Their Prevention and Management

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic disease, is a public health problem that affects 8.5% adult population worldwide. The number of adults with DM has risen sharply from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. In 2012, 1.5 million individuals died because of DM and an additional 2.2 million deaths occurred because of high blood glucose level resulting in cardiovascular and other systemic diseases. DM brings huge economic loss to patients, their families, and healthcare systems. Globally, the cost of DM was US$1•31 trillion in 2015. AIM: This review article utilised the prevalence data of diabetes mellitus from the World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation to provide a comprehensive picture of the disease in different parts of the world. METHODS: Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search the literature. The library resources of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia were used to retrieve studies on the topics of the present review. RESULTS: Systemic complications of DM include heart attack, kidney disease, limb loss, blindness, and peripheral nerve damage. More than 90% of diabetic patients were found to have oral manifestations. It is known that DM severely damages oral tissues causing periodontal disease, tooth loss, xerostomia, caries, burning mouth disorder, taste and salivary gland dysfunction, delayed wound healing, lichen planus, geographic tongue, and candidiasis. The evidence is mounting about a strong bidirectional relationship between DM and periodontal disease. Unfortunately, many diabetic patients are unaware of the association between DM and oral health, and only a small percentage of them visit the dentist for routine dental check-ups. Changes in lifestyles (control of blood glucose levels and self-care practices), regular dental check-ups with emphasis on periodontal assessment, and reinforcement of oral health instructions can effectively prevent oral complications of DM. Scaling and root planning are effective in improving glycemic control among diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: Dental professionals should be part of the multidisciplinary team that helps individuals with diabetes.
Power Efficiency and EMI Attenuation Optimization in Filter Design

This paper presents a discrete conducted electromagnetic (EM) interference filter optimization procedure, based on a genetic algorithms. A macromodeling technique taking into account the load impedance, the source emissions and the filter parasitic components, including the filter layout, is used to obtain an accurate solution for the optimization process. The latter searches among supplier passive component databases and provides, for a given filter topology, an optimal set of components available on the market. This approach has been applied to a differential Class-D audio amplifier for validation. By considering the electromagnetic interference (EMI), the additional power losses introduced by the filter and the audio gain, two different optimization formulations have been tested. The first corresponds to maximizing the power efficiency of the system while respecting a determined level of EM emissions. The second corresponds to minimizing the EMI without exceeding a determined level of power loss. The optimized filters are built and measurements are carried out. The results show a remarkable power efficiency improvement and a significant EM emission reduction when compared to a reference filter.
Torque/volume increase in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors by fill factor enhancement

This article focuses on the maximization of the obtainable Torque-per-volume ratio, mainly through the improvement of the obtainable winding filling factor. While there are many possible approaches to the problem, from the industry point of view, the ideal candidate would be the one offering good performance, easy manufacturability and low cost.
A randomised crossover trial comparing nasal masks with oronasal masks: No differences in therapeutic pressures or residual apnea‐hypopnea indices

In treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the use of oronasal masks with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been reported to increase pressure levels and reduce compliance. These reports come mostly from large observational studies. In this study, we examined the impact that oronasal masks have on 95th centile pressures, the residual apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and compliance compared with nasal masks. A randomised crossover design was implemented. Participants already established on CPAP were randomly allocated to a nasal mask or oronasal mask with auto‐titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) for 2 weeks. Participants then crossed over to use the alternate mask for another 2 weeks. Seventy‐one participants were recruited but only 60 completed the trial. There were no differences in median 95th centile pressure (nasal, 11.5 cm H2O; oronasal, 11.7 cm H2O; p = 0.115), median residual AHI (nasal, 4.9 events/hr; oronasal, 5.3 events/hr; p = 0.234) or median compliance (nasal, 7.3 hr/night; oronasal, 7.3 hr/night; p = 0.961). Only four patients had 95th centile pressures that were at least 1.5 cm H2O greater with oronasal masks. Oronasal masks do not systematically increase therapeutic CPAP requirements. Rather, a small subset of patients display significant differences in CPAP levels.
Analysis of the Viterbi Algorithm Using Tropical Algebra and Geometry

The Viterbi algorithm and its pruning variant, are some of the most frequently used algorithms in communications and speech recognition. There has been extended research on improving the algorithms' computational complexity, however work trying to interpret their nonlinear structure and geometry has been limited. In this work we analyse the Viterbi algorithm in the field of tropical (min-plus) algebra, and we utilize its pruning variant in order to define a polytope. Then, we interpret certain faces of the polytope as the most probable states of the algorithm. This also provides a useful geometrical interpretation of the Viterbi algorithm.
Coherent Detector for Pseudo-FSK Backscatter Under Ambient Constant Envelope Illumination

This work studies ambient backscatter, where the tag utilizes a frequency-shifted form of on-off keying (OOK), which may be coined as pseudo-frequency shift keying (pseudo-FSK). Such scheme, offers the possibility of simple, frequency-domain multiple access (due to FSK), by appropriate selection of the switching frequencies among (possibly receiverless) tags, while reserving bandwidth (due to OOK). A constant envelope-modulated ambient signal is assumed to illuminate the tag, resembling signals from (analog) FM radio, (digital) minimum-shift keying (MSK), or phase-shift keying (PSK) broadcasting stations. Fully coherent, maximum likelihood (ML) detection is derived for tag information, without estimating or detecting the ambient signal; instead, the law of large numbers is exploited, in conjunction with channel estimation techniques, even though the ambient unknown signal changes between successive tag bits. Closed-form expression for the probability of error is also given and simulations verify theoretical results. Ambient is a special case of bistatic backscatter; thus, useful design principles for ambient systems can stem from the bistatic backscatter literature.
Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated with Reduced Leukoaraiosis Severity in Patients with a Small Vessel Stroke

Intracranial hemorrhage or microbleeds and leukoaraiosis have an overlap in biology. Hyperlipidemia may reduce the risk of ICH or cerebral microbleeds; studies focusing on the relationship between different lipid profiles and severity of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and subcortical white matter lesions (SWMLs) in the cerebral small vessel disease are limited. Methods. Patients with recent first lacunar infarct were recruited. PVH and SWMLs were accessed on MRI with the Fazekas scale, and lipid levels were measured. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the relation between different lipid profiles and severity of PVH and SWMLs. Results. In univariate analyses, advancing age was correlated with increasing severity of leukoaraiosis (P < 0.001). There was an inverse relationship between hypertriglyceridemia (hyper-TG) (≥1.7 mmol/l) and severity of leukoaraiosis (P < 0.05). In the multivariable analysis, after controlling for age, sex, and significant risk factors in the univariate and age-adjusted analyses, hyper-TG demonstrated a protective effect on the severity of PVH and SWMLs (P < 0.05). Higher total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were not associated with leukoaraiosis. Conclusions. Hyper-TG is associated with the severity of leukoaraiosis independent of other risk factors, and it might be a protective role in cerebral small vessel disease.
A Patient-Independent Significance Test by Means of False-Positive Rates in Selected Correlation Analysis of Brain Multimodal Monitoring Data

Recently, we introduced a mathematical toolkit called selected correlation analysis (sca) that reliably detects negative and positive correlations between arterial blood pressure (ABP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) data, recorded during multimodal monitoring, in a time-resolved way. As has been shown with the aid of a mathematical model of cerebral perfusion, such correlations reflect impaired autoregulation and reduced intracranial compliance in patients with critical neurological diseases. Sca calculates a Fourier transform-based index called selected correlation (sc) that reflects the strength of correlation between the input data and simultaneously an index called mean Hilbert phase difference (mhpd) that reflects the phasing between the data. To reliably detect pathophysiological conditions during multimodal monitoring, some thresholds for the abovementioned indexes sc and mhpd have to be established that assign predefined significance levels to that thresholds. In this paper, we will present a method that determines the rate of false positives for fixed pairs of thresholds (lsc, lmhpd). We calculate these error rates as a function of the predefined thresholds for each individual out of a patient cohort of 52 patients in a retrospective way. Based on the deviation of the individual error rates, we subsequently determine a globally valid upper limit of the error rate by calculating the predictive interval. From this predictive interval, we deduce a globally valid significance level for appropriate pairs of thresholds that allows the application of sca to every future patient in a prospective, bedside fashion.
Transient Performance Enhancement Control of Flywheel Energy Storage System for PPL Accommodation

Pulsed power loads (PPLs) consumes a very high amount of electrical energy within a very short period of time. If a PPL is directly connected to a shipboard power system (SPS), large disturbance even instability will occur during the PPL deployment. As a vital category of energy storage system (ESS), the flywheel ESS (FESS) is considered as an ideal power supply for PPL accommodation. The negative impacts of PPL on SPS can be alleviated via powering the PPL with a sufficiently charged FESS separately. In this paper, an output-constrained control is designed to realize fast charging of the FESS and simultaneously minimize the influence on the SPS frequency to further enhance the transient performance. The transient response can be ensured to stay within user-defined, time-varying restrictions. This property makes the algorithm very appealing for high-performance applications. By applying the standard Lyapunov synthesis, the closed-loop system is proved to be asymptotic stable along with all signals being bounded. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Crowdsourcing to expand HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China: A closed cohort stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial

Background HIV testing rates are suboptimal among at-risk men. Crowdsourcing may be a useful tool for designing innovative, community-based HIV testing strategies to increase HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to use a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effect of a crowdsourced HIV intervention on HIV testing uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) in eight Chinese cities. Methods and findings An HIV testing intervention was developed through a national image contest, a regional strategy designathon, and local message contests. The final intervention included a multimedia HIV testing campaign, an online HIV testing service, and local testing promotion campaigns tailored for MSM. This intervention was evaluated using a closed cohort stepped wedge cluster RCT in eight Chinese cities (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Jiangmen in Guangdong province; Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, and Jining in Shandong province) from August 2016 to August 2017. MSM were recruited through Blued, a social networking mobile application for MSM, from July 29 to August 21 of 2016. The primary outcome was self-reported HIV testing in the past 3 months. Secondary outcomes included HIV self-testing, facility-based HIV testing, condom use, and syphilis testing. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to analyze primary and secondary outcomes. We enrolled a total of 1,381 MSM. Most were ≤30 years old (82%), unmarried (86%), and had a college degree or higher (65%). The proportion of individuals receiving an HIV test during the intervention periods within a city was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–15.5) greater than during the control periods. In addition, the intention-to-treat analysis showed a higher probability of receiving an HIV test during the intervention periods as compared to the control periods (estimated risk ratio [RR] = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19–1.73). The intervention also increased HIV self-testing (RR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.50–2.38). There was no effect on facility-based HIV testing (RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.79–1.26), condom use (RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.86–1.17), or syphilis testing (RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.70–1.21). A total of 48.6% (593/1,219) of participants reported that they received HIV self-testing. Among men who received two HIV tests, 32 individuals seroconverted during the 1-year study period. Study limitations include the use of self-reported HIV testing data among a subset of men and non-completion of the final survey by 23% of participants. Our study population was a young online group in urban China and the relevance of our findings to other populations will require further investigation. Conclusions In this setting, crowdsourcing was effective for developing and strengthening community-based HIV testing services for MSM. Crowdsourced interventions may be an important tool for the scale-up of HIV testing services among MSM in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02796963