Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) for Pre-Oxygenation in Neurosurgical Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial

This study explored the use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) in both pre-oxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation in adults who were intubated following a non–rapid sequence induction. Fifty patients were randomised to receive pre-oxygenation via a standard facemask or the Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) device. After five minutes of pre-oxygenation, induction and muscle relaxant agents were given. While waiting for complete paralysis, patients in the standard facemask group received bag–mask ventilation (BMV), whereas patients in the HFNO group received apnoeic oxygenation via the THRIVE device. Serial blood samples for arterial blood gas analysis were taken. Baseline patient and airway characteristics were similar. The median PaO2 after pre-oxygenation was 357 (interquartile range [IQR] 324–450 [range 183– 550]) mmHg in the facemask group, compared to 471 (IQR 429–516 [range 185–550]) mmHg in the HFNO group (P=0.01). The median arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in the HFNO group decreased after a period of apnoeic oxygenation, and was significantly lower when compared to patients who received BMV in facemask group. The arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) level after complete paralysis was significantly higher in the HFNO group when compared to the facemask group (median 52 [IQR 48–55 {range 40–65}] versus median 43 [IQR 40–48 {range 35–63}] mmHg, P=0.0005 and P=0.004 respectively). There were no differences in the time to muscle paralysis and time to intubation. Seven patients required use of airway adjuncts during BMV in the facemask group, compared to none in the HFNO group (P=0.004). No complications were observed in either group. HFNO produces a higher PaO2 after pre-oxygenation and safe PaO2 during intubation. However, the subsequent fall in PaO2 and rise in PaCO2 indicates that it is not as effective as BMV in maintaining oxygenation and ventilation following neuromuscular blockade.
Nitric Oxide Is Required for Melatonin-Enhanced Tolerance against Salinity Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings

Although melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) could alleviate salinity stress in plants, the downstream signaling pathway is still not fully characterized. Here, we report that endogenous melatonin and thereafter nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was successively increased in NaCl-stressed rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedling roots. Application of melatonin and NO-releasing compound not only counteracted NaCl-induced seedling growth inhibition, but also reestablished redox and ion homeostasis, the latter of which are confirmed by the alleviation of reactive oxygen species overproduction, the decreases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production, and Na+/K+ ratio. Consistently, the related antioxidant defense genes, sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHX1), and salt overly sensitive 2 (SOS2) transcripts are modulated. The involvement S-nitrosylation, a redox-based posttranslational modification triggered by NO, is suggested. Further results show that in response to NaCl stress, the increased NO levels are strengthened by the addition of melatonin in seedling roots. Above responses are abolished by the removal of NO by NO scavenger. We further discover that the removal of NO does not alter endogenous melatonin content in roots supplemented with NaCl alone or together with melatonin, thus excluding the possibility of NO-triggered melatonin production. Genetic evidence reveals that, compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, the hypersensitivity to NaCl in nia1/2 and noa1 mutants (exhibiting null nitrate reductase activity and indirectly reduced endogenous NO level, respectively) cannot be rescued by melatonin supplementation. The reestablishment of redox homeostasis and induction of SOS signaling are not observed. In summary, above pharmacological, molecular, and genetic data conclude that NO operates downstream of melatonin promoting salinity tolerance.
On the Concept of the Multi-Source Inverter for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains

This paper presents an inverter topology named the multi-source inverter that aims to connect several independent DC sources to the same AC output using a single stage of conversion. This power converter has been developed for applications, such as electrified powertrains. Compared to the conventional hybrid powertrains that use a DC/DC converter to provide an adaptable voltage to the load, the multi-source inverter can drive a traction motor from variable DC voltages without the use of an additional power converter. Hence, the high power DC/DC converter can be dissociated from the traction mode and its use will be restricted to the engine $^{\prime }$s start-up and regenerative braking, allowing a significant reduction of its power rating from tens of kWatts to a few kWatts. The overall efficiency of the electrified traction drive can also be improved due to the single conversion stage between the battery and the motor. In this paper, the multi-source inverter topology is introduced and its different operating modes are determined through the study of the inverter circuit. Closed-loop control simulations and experiments with a scaled-down prototype and an induction motor were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed topology and concept.
In vivo biocompatibility and biomineralization of calcium silicate cements

A new mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) material has been developed with a modified composition that requires investigations to support its clinical use. This study evaluated the biocompatibility and biomineralization of this new MTA material and compared it with that of two other MTA cements over time. Tubes containing materials (or empty tubes as controls) were inserted into the subcutaneous tissues of 40 rats. On days 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90, the tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues, which were either stained with haematoxylin and eosin or von Kossa for further analyses or unstained for observation under polarized light. On days 7 and 15, moderate inflammation was observed in most specimens, and the fibrous capsule was thick. On day 30, there was mild inflammation in all groups, and the fibrous capsule was thin. On days 60 and 90, there was mild inflammation in the material groups, while the control group showed no inflammation, although no statistically significant difference between the groups was observed and the fibrous capsule was thin. All material groups showed structures that stained with von Kossa and could be observed under polarized light; this was not found for the control. In conclusion, the new MTA material had biocompatibility and biomineralization properties similar to those of the two existing MTA materials.
Mitochondrial function in the heart: the insight into mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a crucial contributory factor in cardiac pathology. This has highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria to prevent or treat cardiac disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with aberrant electron transport chain activity, reduced ATP production, an abnormal shift in metabolic substrates, ROS overproduction and impaired mitochondrial dynamics. This review will cover the mitochondrial functions and how they are altered in various disease conditions. Furthermore, the mechanisms that lead to mitochondrial defects and the protective mechanisms that prevent mitochondrial damage will be discussed. Finally, potential mitochondrial targets for novel therapeutic intervention will be explored. We will highlight the development of small molecules that target mitochondria from different perspectives and their current progress in clinical trials.
Partial discharge behaviors of a surface discharge problem of the stator insulation for a synchronous machine

This paper presents the partial discharge (PD) behaviors of the stator winding insulation focusing on a surface discharge problem of the11kV, 14.5 MVA synchronous machine. This synchronous machine has been installed in 2004 and still operated up to now. The offline PD measurement has been continuously performed during 2014–2017. The PD activities comprising of the magnitude of the highest PD pulse, Qm, at different test voltages and the PD patterns at the rated phase voltage were analyzed. The investigated synchronous machine was stopped for least 12 hours prior to running the off-line PD test in order to cool down so that the winding temperature did not exceed 40 °C during performing the experiment. In accordance with the industry practice guide the voltage applied to the tested stator winding insulation was increased in step with 0.5 kV per step for the duration of 1 minute from 0.5 to 6.3 kV (phase voltage) for monitoring the PD activities. The experiment was made with one phase to ground of the stator winding insulation at a time, with the other two phases grounded. Then two times re-tested as mentioned above were done to ascertain the PD activities measured. After that other two phases of the stator winding insulation were tested as the same manner. The test results show that the change in Qm value recorded in 2014 _ 2016 were nearly constant respect to the applied voltage. The Qm was a strong tendency increase in 2017. The sharp increase in Qm gave the sign of a significant degree of contamination on the insulation surface. Besides, the PD patterns measured were sensitive to the progress of discharges. After that this machine was inspected. The contamination and defects at the surfaces of the stator insulations were detected. From the investigation, the PD measurement is one of the effective ways to monitor and evaluate the insulation conditions of the stator insulation.
Emerging evidence for the modulation of exocytosis by signalling lipids

Membrane fusion is a key event in exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones stored in intracellular vesicles. In this process, soluble N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are essential components of the exocytotic molecular machinery, while lipids have been seen traditionally as structural elements. However, the so‐called signalling lipids, such as sphingosine and arachidonic acid, interact with SNAREs and directly modulate the frequency and mode of fusion events. Interestingly, recent work has proved that the sphingosine analogue FTY‐720, used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, mimics the effects of signalling lipids. In the present Review, we discuss recent investigations suggesting that endogenous signalling lipids and synthetic analogues can modulate important physiological aspects of secretion, such as quantal release, vesicle recruitment into active sites, vesicle transport and even organelle fusion in the cytosol. Therefore, these compounds are far from being merely structural components of cellular membranes.
Effect of psychosocial interventions on the severity of premenstrual syndrome: a meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is common in women with reproductive age and it affects the normal life. Psychosocial interventions are recommended for some women who experience less severe PMS. So far, no meta-analyses have investigated the effect of overall psychosocial interventions on the severity of PMS as an outcome. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for PMS. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMED, CINAHL, EMbase and PsycINFO in December 2016, following methodological guidelines outlined in the literature (www.york.ac.uk/crd/ guidance). The primary outcome was the severity of PMS. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Pooled effects of 11 psychosocial interventions (n = 324) showed statistically significant beneficial effects on the severity of PMS (SMD –0.29, 95% CI –0.45 to –0.13, I2 = 27%). Participants who received coping skills training had significantly low severity of PMS than the control group (SMD –0.53, 95% CI –0.77 to –0.28, p < .001, I2 = 3%). There were no effects found for education program nor social support intervention. Discussion: Psychosocial interventions, especially coping skills training for women with PMS, were effective in reducing the severity of PMS. However, needed caution due to the small number of studies.
General practitioners' perspectives on promoting sexual health to young men.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES General practitioners (GPs) are well placed to promote sexual health to young men. Our previous research has suggested that this population expect GPs to initiate sexual health promotion. Little is known of GPs' perceptions of their role in sexual health promotion and perceived needs of young men. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with GPs were recorded until data saturation. Data were managed with NVivo; consensus was reached on thematic analysis. RESULTS: In 17 semi-structured interviews, a young man symptomatic with a sexually transmissible infection (STI) was the most common sexual health presentation. GPs identified a range of barriers to, and facilitators, of initiating discussions about sexual health. Some GPs reported no young male sexual health presentations. GPs generally believed young men should be taking more responsibility for their sexual health. DISCUSSION Only some GPs endorsed young men's expectations that the GP would initiate a sexual health discussion. Increased awareness that young men are unlikely to seek sexual health advice would allow GPs to better tailor their approaches and increase opportunistic testing and sexual health promotion.
Icariin improves SHR erectile function via inhibiting eNOS uncoupling

The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not the effect of icariin on erectile function of SHR is associated with inhibition of eNOS uncoupling. Ten 12‐week‐old male WKY rats and 10 age‐matched male SHR were evenly randomised into SHR control group, SHR+ icariin treatment group, WKY control group and WKY+ icariin group. After being treated for 4 weeks, ICPmax/MAP, the expression of NT, monomer and dimer of eNOS and the level of BH4, BH2, DHFR, NADPH oxidase and GTPCH1 in the corpus cavernosum were determined. The ICPmax/MAP and the value of BH4, DHFR and GTPCH1 in the SHR icariin treatment group were significantly higher than that of the SHR group and less than that of the WYK group and icariin‐treated WKY group (p < 0.05). The value of BH2, NADPH oxidase, the ratio of eNOS monomers/dimmers and NT in the SHR icariin treatment group was significantly less than that of in the SHR group and higher than that of the WYK control group and icariin‐treated WKY group (p < 0.05). Hypertension increases eNOS uncoupling in the corpus cavernosum of SHR. Inhibiting uncoupling of eNOS may be an important mechanism of icariin to improve SHR erectile function.
Molecular Regulation of Differentiation in Early B-Lymphocyte Development

B-lymphocyte differentiation is one of the best understood developmental pathways in the hematopoietic system. Our understanding of the developmental trajectories linking the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell to the mature functional B-lymphocyte is extensive as a result of efforts to identify and prospectively isolate progenitors at defined maturation stages. The identification of defined progenitor compartments has been instrumental for the resolution of the molecular features that defines given developmental stages as well as for our understanding of the mechanisms that drive the progressive maturation process. Over the last years it has become increasingly clear that the regulatory networks that control normal B-cell differentiation are targeted by mutations in human B-lineage malignancies. This generates a most interesting link between development and disease that can be explored to improve diagnosis and treatment protocols in lymphoid malignancies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of molecular regulation in normal and malignant B-cell development.
Separating Risk Assessment from Risk Management Poses Legal and Ethical Problems in Person-Centred Care

Accelerating progress in screening technologies, e.g. genetic testing, means more individuals are facing the stressful decision of whether to request the test. Fully-informed and preference-based consent, as well as ethical practice, requires the full range of benefits and harms from any test or treatment to be identified and assessed from the individual's point of view. For both ethical and legal reasons, we see the decision on whether to undertake a genetic screening test being increasingly seen, in future, as calling for a personalised analysis of the full range of subsequent management options. The conventional dissociation of 'risk assessment' and 'risk management' phases is thereby ruled out. One way of addressing the resulting challenge is through personalised multi-criterial decision support tools. In this vision paper we provide conceptual proof of method of how such an interactive online tool could function. The polygenetic genetic screening decision is used, solely as illustration.
Identifying Clickbait: A Multi-Strategy Approach Using Neural Networks

Online media outlets, in a bid to expand their reach and subsequently increase revenue through ad monetisation, have begun adopting clickbait techniques to lure readers to click on articles. The article fails to fulfill the promise made by the headline. Traditional methods for clickbait detection have relied heavily on feature engineering which, in turn, is dependent on the dataset it is built for. The application of neural networks for this task has only been explored partially. We propose a novel approach considering all information found in a social media post. We train a bidirectional LSTM with an attention mechanism to learn the extent to which a word contributes to the post's clickbait score in a differential manner. We also employ a Siamese net to capture the similarity between source and target information. Information gleaned from images has not been considered in previous approaches. We learn image embeddings from large amounts of data using Convolutional Neural Networks to add another layer of complexity to our model. Finally, we concatenate the outputs from the three separate components, serving it as input to a fully connected layer. We conduct experiments over a test corpus of 19538 social media posts, attaining an F1 score of 65.37% on the dataset bettering the previous state-of-the-art, as well as other proposed approaches, feature engineering or otherwise.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Technology assisted reviews: Finding the last few relevant documents by asking yes/no questions to reviewers

The goal of a technology-assisted review is to achieve high recall with low human effort. Continuous active learning algorithms have demonstrated good performance in locating the majority of relevant documents in a collection, however their performance is reaching a plateau when 80%-90% of them has been found. Finding the last few relevant documents typically requires exhaustively reviewing the collection. In this paper, we propose a novel method to identify these last few, but significant, documents efficiently. Our method makes the hypothesis that entities carry vital information in documents, and that reviewers can answer questions about the presence or absence of an entity in the missing relevance documents. Based on this we devise a sequential Bayesian search method that selects the optimal sequence of questions to ask. The experimental results show that our proposed method can greatly improve performance requiring less reviewing effort.
MicroRNA‐137‐mediated Src oncogenic signaling promotes cancer progression

The tyrosine kinase c‐Src is frequently overexpressed and activated in a wide variety of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the upregulation of c‐Src remain elusive. To examine whether microRNA‐mediated c‐Src upregulation promotes cancer progression, we screened miRNAs with complementarity to the 3′‐UTR of c‐Src mRNA. Among these miRNAs, down‐regulation of miR‐137 was tightly associated with c‐Src‐mediated tumor progression of human colon cancer cells/tissues. Re‐expression of miR‐137 in human colon cancer cells suppressed tumor growth and caused the disruption of focal contacts, suppression of cell adhesion, and invasion, although restoration of c‐Src in miR‐137‐treated cells could not fully rescue the tumor‐suppressive effect of miR‐137. We found that miR‐137 targets AKT2 and paxillin also and miR‐137‐mediated regulation of c‐Src /AKT2 is crucial for controlling tumor growth, whereas that of c‐Src/paxillin contributes to malignancy. miR‐137 suppressed Src‐related oncogenic signaling and changed the expression of miRNAs that are regulated by Src activation. miR‐137 controls the expression of c‐Src/AKT2/paxillin and synergistically suppresses Src oncogenic signaling evoked from focal adhesions. In various human cancers that harbor c‐Src upregulation, the dysfunction of this novel mechanism would serve as a critical trigger for tumor progression.
Diagnosing Lung Cancer: The Complexities of Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis in the Era of Minimally Invasive and Personalised Medicine

The role of the respiratory physician in diagnosing lung cancer has increased in complexity over the last 20 years. Adenocarcinoma is now the prevailing histopathological sub-type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resulting in more peripheral cancers. Conventional bronchoscopy is often not sufficient to obtain adequate tissue samples for diagnosis. Radiologically guided transthoracic biopsy is a sensitive alternative, but carries significant risks. These limitations have driven the development of complimentary bronchoscopic navigation techniques for peripheral tumour localisation and sampling. Furthermore, linear endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is increasingly being chosen as the initial diagnostic procedure for those with central lesions and/or radiological evidence of node-positive disease. This technique can diagnose and stage patients in a single, minimally invasive procedure with a diagnostic yield equivalent to that of surgical mediastinoscopy. The success of molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC has led to the increasing challenge of obtaining adequate specimens for accurate tumour subtyping through minimally invasive procedures. This review discusses the changing epidemiology and treatment landscape of lung cancer and explores the utility of current diagnostic options in obtaining a tissue diagnosis in this new era of precision medicine.