Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MiR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism could not influence coronary artery disease risk in Asians

Although some studies have investigated the association between miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The effect of miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism on CAD susceptibility remain unknown. This meta-analysis aimed to determine this association. PubMed and EMBASE were searched to find relevant studies which investigated the association between miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism and CAD risk. Five case-control studies including 3370 CAD patients and 3011 controls were included in this meta-analysis. MiR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism was not associated with CAD risk in the allelic model (OR=1.02; 95% CI 0.95-1.09; P=0.67). Additionally, no significant results were found in other genetic models. In conclusion, we found that miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism played no role in CAD risk in Asians.
CORTISOL SECRETION RATE, ACTH AND METHOPYRAPONE TESTS IN HIGH ALTITUDE NATIVE RESIDENTS.

The cortisol secretion rate and the response to ACTH stimulation and to methopyrapone have been studied in high altitude native residents in comparison with a similar group of men living at sea level. No differences were found in the cortisol secretion rate, in the stimulation with 20 U of ACTH and in the response to methopyrapone administration. However, with 1 U of ACTH the high altitude group had a lower excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. In view of these results it may be postulated that high altitude natives need a greater ACTH production to maintain a cortisol secretion rate similar to the one observed in the sea level group. A possible explanation for the lower response to 1 U of ACTH in high altitude natives, but a normal one to 20 U of ACTH, is offered.
Analysis of the products of genes encompassed by the theoretically predicted pathogenicity islands of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis

Sequencing of the genomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis provides a unique opportunity to study the biology of these pathogens on the genomic level. The computational detection of anomalous gene clusters such as those encompassed by pathogenicity islands allows for a narrowing of the study into well‐defined groups of genes. Pathogenicity islands of M. tuberculosis (strains H37Rv and CDC1551) as well as M. bovis genomes comprise a group of genes encoding proteins that have been shown to be of immunological importance. The cross‐genomic comparison (M. tuberculosis vs M. bovis) resulted in the elucidation of unique proteins in M. tuberculosis. These proteins may play a significant role in the host recognition process. Proteins 2004; 54:000–000. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
El aborto legal en Colombia: opiniones de un grupo de estudiantes de Enfermería

Introducción: En el año 2006, el Estado colombiano legalizó el aborto en tres situaciones específicas, mediante la Sentencia C-355, marcando un hito importante en una sociedad impregnada por fuertes valores patriarcales. Sin embargo, han sido escasos los estudios adelantados sobre las experiencias de los principales actores implicados en este fenómeno social, como los profesionales de la salud y las mujeres. Objetivo: Indagar por las opiniones de los estudiantes de último año del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Surcolombiana acerca de la Sentencia C-355 de 2006, que legaliza el aborto en tres situaciones específicas, en Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo exploratorio. Participaron veintiséis estudiantes, seleccionados con un muestreo por conveniencia hasta saturar la información. Para recolectar esta, se crearon tres grupos de discusión y se hicieron tres entrevistas a profundidad, observados mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: Las opiniones acerca de la Sentencia son favorables, por sus beneficios sociales y en pro de la defensa de los derechos de las mujeres. El tema emergente en los discursos construidos fue el impedimento que significan, para la aceptación del aborto en Colombia, los fuertes valores patriarcales impregnados en la sociedad, los cuales son reforzados por los “discursos de verdad” de la Iglesia y la institucionalidad médica. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario persistir en la socialización de la Sentencia entre las intuiciones y los profesionales de la salud, y en el aborto legal y los derechos de las mujeres como un tema de discusión pública y política; para esto, es imprescindible la labor conjunta de la academia e investigadores, con las organizaciones sociales defensoras de los derechos de las mujeres.
Induced alkalosis and caffeine supplementation: effects on 2,000-m rowing performance.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of ingested caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, and their combination on 2,000-m rowing performance, as well as on induced alkalosis (blood and urine pH and blood bicarbonate concentration [HCO3-]), blood lactate concentration ([La-]), gastrointestinal symptoms, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). METHODS In a double-blind, crossover study, 8 well-trained rowers performed 2 baseline tests and 4 × 2,000-m rowing-ergometer tests after ingesting 6 mg/kg caffeine, 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM) sodium bicarbonate, both supplements combined, or a placebo. Capillary blood samples were collected at preingestion, pretest, and posttest time points. Pairwise comparisons were made between protocols, and differences were interpreted in relation to the likelihood of exceeding the smallest worthwhile-change thresholds for each variable. A likelihood of >75% was considered a substantial change. RESULTS Caffeine supplementation elicited a substantial improvement in 2,000-m mean power, with mean (± SD) values of 354 ± 67 W vs. placebo with 346 ± 61 W. Pretest [HCO3-] reached 29.2 ± 2.9 mmol/L with caffeine + bicarbonate and 29.1 ± 1.9 mmol/L with bicarbonate. There were substantial increases in pretest [HCO3-] and pH and posttest urine pH after bicarbonate and caffeine + bicarbonate supplementation compared with placebo, but unclear performance effects. CONCLUSIONS Rowers' performance in 2,000-m efforts can improve by ~2% with 6 mg/kg BM caffeine supplementation. When caffeine is combined with sodium bicarbonate, gastrointestinal symptoms may prevent performance enhancement, so further investigation of ingestion protocols that minimize side effects is required.
Promotion of physical activity in primary care for obesity treatment/prevention in children

Purpose of review Physical activity has been highlighted internationally as a beneficial intervention for weight control and the improvement of physical and mental health. This review highlights findings from recent literature to guide office-based promotion of physical activity for obesity treatment and prevention. Recent findings Children worldwide participate in far less than the current physical activity recommendations. Family-based activity provides children with positive role modeling as well as motivational support for maintaining an active lifestyle. The integration of physical activity into daily life can be an effective alternative to sports and structured exercise programs. Decreasing sedentary behaviors is also a positive contribution, although its link to physical activity levels is still unclear. Some families may see neighborhood safety and access to recreational facilities as barriers to keeping their children physically active. Summary Research in the field of pediatric obesity and overweight treatment and prevention continues to find challenges and solutions. Promotion of physical activity by the pediatric provider is demonstrated by current evidence to be a positive intervention against this global problem.
Characterization of electrical and physical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube ink

This paper presents a method of characterizing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) ink and discusses preliminary research results of our characterization efforts. First, the process of ink jet printing SWCNT ink onto organic and inorganic substrates is discussed. Next, the tests for measuring sheet resistance, conductance, thickness, roll-off, and S-parameters of the ink are described. Future research directions will be discussed, including the additional characterization of SWCNT ink.
Underdiagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents.

CONTEXT Pediatric hypertension is increasing in prevalence with the pediatric obesity epidemic. Diagnosis of hypertension in children is complicated because normal and abnormal blood pressure values vary with age, sex, and height and are therefore difficult to remember. OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of undiagnosed hypertension and prehypertension and to identify patient factors associated with this underdiagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort study of 14,187 children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years who were observed at least 3 times for well-child care between June 1999 and September 2006 in the outpatient clinics in a large academic urban medical system in northeast Ohio. For children and adolescents who met criteria for hypertension or prehypertension at 3 or more well-child care visits, the proportion with a hypertension-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code in the diagnoses list, problem list, or past medical history list of any visit was determined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of children and adolescents with 3 or more elevated age-adjusted and height-adjusted blood pressure measurements at well-child care visits and with a diagnosis of hypertension or prehypertension documented in the electronic medical record. Multivariate logistic regression identified patient factors associated with a correct diagnosis. RESULTS Of 507 children and adolescents (3.6%) who had hypertension, 131 (26%) had a diagnosis of hypertension or elevated blood pressure documented in the electronic medical record. Patient factors that increased the adjusted odds of a correct diagnosis were a 1-year increase in age over age 3 (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.16), number of elevated blood pressure readings beyond 3 (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.21-2.57), increase of 1% in height-for-age percentile (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03), having an obesity-related diagnosis (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.49-4.55), and number of blood pressure readings in the stage 2 hypertension range (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.29-2.19). Of 485 children and adolescents (3.4%) who had prehypertension, 55 (11%) had an appropriate diagnosis documented in the electronic medical record. Patient factors that increased the adjusted odds of being diagnosed with prehypertension included a 1-year increase in age over age 3 (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.34) and number of elevated blood pressure readings beyond 3 (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 2.20-4.28). CONCLUSIONS Hypertension and prehypertension were frequently undiagnosed in this pediatric population. Patient age, height, obesity-related diagnoses, and magnitude and frequency of abnormal blood pressure readings all increased the odds of diagnosis.
Recurring Outbreaks of Fowl Pox in a Poultry Farm in Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria

This paper reports on recurring outbreaks of fowl pox in a particular pen present in a poultry farm located at Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria. The outbreaks were seen in one batch of white cockerel and two batches of brown layers. Reduced egg production, weight loss, nodular lesions on the combs, wattles and eyelids, and diphtheritic lesions in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity characterized the disease. At post mortem, a characteristic whitish cheesy material conforming to the shape of the cornea was common in the severe outbreak in layers, but absent in the cockerels and the mild outbreak in layers. No bacteria were isolated from the matrix of the cheesy material while Staphylococcusaureus and Escherichia coli were isolated from the surface of the cheesy material and the ocular swab. The report also showed the importance of vaccination in control of the disease. There was enteritis and soiled vents in the cases examined. Biosecurity measures combined with vaccinations were suggested indispensible for the control of the disease in Nigeria.
Avanços e Desafios Tecnológicos nas Organizações: Uma Abordagem Crítico-Construcionista

Este artigo procura abordar os avancos e os desa fi os tecnologicos a partir da perspectiva da dinamica e construcao social. Dessa forma, nao discutimos as potencialidades, as normas de utilizacao e a implantacao de processos tecnologicos, mas as suas consequencias para o trabalho e as empresas, direcionando o foco para o microcosmo organizacional. O objetivo e demonstrar que as novas tecnologias podem ser tanto repressoras quanto emancipatorias e que a perspectiva critico-construcionista pode apontar como esses fenomenos ocorrem, pois interpreta os mesmos a partir da interacao e praticas dos atores sociais. Em outras palavras, essa perspectiva considera que e o sujeito que constroi sua propria realidade, de modo que pode interagir com as tecnologias, se deixando dominar por elas ou utilizando as mesmas como forma de se libertar das opressoes do trabalho.
The effects of acute and chronic exercise on PGC‐1α, irisin and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans

Irisin was first identified as a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ co‐activator‐1α (PGC‐1α) dependent myokine with the potential to induce murine brown‐fat‐like development of white adipose tissue. In humans, the regulatory effect of training on muscle FNDC5mRNA expression and subsequently irisin levels in plasma is more controversial. We recruited 26 inactive men (13 normoglycaemic and normal weight, controls; and 13 slightly hyperglycaemic and overweight, pre‐diabetes group) aged 40–65 years for a 12‐week intervention of combined endurance and strength training with four sessions of training per week. Before and after the 12‐week intervention period, participants were exposed to an acute endurance workload of 45 min at 70% of VO2max, and muscle biopsies were taken prior to and after exercise. Skeletal muscle mRNA for PGC1A and FNDC5 correlated and both PGC1A and FNDC5mRNA levels increased after 12 weeks of training in both control and pre‐diabetes subjects. Circulating irisin was reduced in response to 12 weeks of training, and was increased acutely (~1.2‐fold) just after acute exercise. Plasma concentration of irisin was higher in pre‐diabetes subjects compared with controls. There was little effect of 12 weeks of training on selected browning genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. UCP1mRNA did not correlate with FNDC5 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue or skeletal muscle or with irisin levels in plasma. We observed no enhancing effect of long‐term training on circulating irisin levels, and little or no effect of training on browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in humans.
Surgical quality: review of Californian measures

Few examples better show the triumph of ideology over evidence than the continuing quest to encourage patient choice by publishing the outcomes of healthcare providers.1 Perhaps because the stated objectives seem so self evidently reasonable—providing information to the public who pay for and use health services and supporting patients' ability to choose where they will be treated—opposition to this idea from sceptics is difficult without being accused of paternalism or worse. But the task of improving health care by publishing outcomes is far from simple.2–4 Essentially there are at least three problems. The first is to …
Arthroscopic validation of radiographic grading scales of osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use the Kellgren-Lawrence, Ahlback, and Brandt grading scales to correlate radiographic grade of osteoarthritis with the actual degree of articular cartilage degeneration within the tibiofemoral joint in patients with chronic knee pain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 125 patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint. For all patients, standing anteroposterior radiographs of the knee were obtained before arthroscopic knee surgery. Each articular surface of the tibiofemoral joint was graded at arthroscopy. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the knee radiographs without knowledge of the arthroscopic findings to determine the presence and severity of osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint using the Kellgren-Lawrence, Ahlback, and Brandt grading scales. Correlation coefficients describing the relation between grade of osteoarthritis and severity of articular cartilage degeneration were calculated for each grading scale. RESULTS The correlation coefficients for the Kellgren-Lawrence, Ahlback, and Brandt grading scales were 0.49, 0.41, and 0.56, respectively. The differences between the correlation coefficients for the Kellgren-Lawrence and Ahlback grading scales and the correlation coefficients for the Brandt and Ahlback grading scales were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Many patients with no radiographic findings of osteoarthritis had significant articular cartilage degeneration within the tibiofemoral joint. CONCLUSION The Kellgren-Lawrence and Brandt grading scales were equally effective in defining the presence of and estimating the severity of osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint but had only a moderately strong correlation with the actual degree of articular cartilage degeneration.
Best practices of ASRM and ESHRE: a journey through reproductive medicine.

BACKGROUND The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) are the two largest societies in the world whose members comprise the major experts and professionals working in the field of reproductive medicine and embryology. These societies have never before had a joint scientific meeting. METHODS A 3-day meeting was planned and took place in March of 2012. The goal was to present and debate key topics, as well as modes of practice in reproductive medicine and to discuss recent developments in the field. RESULTS Presentations by members of ASRM and ESHRE were of three types: 'state of the art' lectures, 'back-to-back' presentations of two points of view and debates. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, ASRM and ESHRE held a joint meeting where a special emphasis was given to presentations on the hottest topics in the field. Although different opinions and approaches sometimes exist on the two sides of the Atlantic, an appreciation and acceptance of these differences was evident, and there was more commonality than divergence of opinion.
Number : WUCSE-2004-65 2004-10-19 Towards a Perception Based Image Editing System

The primary goal of this research is to develop a perception based image editing system. The input to this system will be either a rendered image, a photograph, or a high dynamic range image. We are currently developing techniques that allow the user to edit these images in a perceptually intuitive manner. Specifically we are considering the following image editing features: (1) warm cool image adjustment, (2) intensity adjustment, (3) contrast adjustment, and (4) detail adjustment. The algorithms we are developing can be used either in an interactive editing system or for automatic image adjustment.
Group aquatic aerobic exercise for children with disabilities

The effectiveness and safety of a group aquatic aerobic exercise program on cardiorespiratory endurance for children with disabilities was examined using an A–B study design. Sixteen children (11 males, five females) age range 6 to 11 years (mean age 9y 7mo [SD 1y 4mo]) participated in this twice‐per‐week program lasting 14 weeks. The children’s diagnoses included autism spectrum disorder, myelomeningocele, cerebral palsy, or other developmental disability. More than half of the children ambulated independently without aids. Children swam laps and participated in relay races and games with a focus of maintaining a defined target heart rate zone. The strengthening component consisted of exercises using bar bells, aquatic noodles, and water resistance. The following outcomes were measured: half‐mile walk/run, isometric muscle strength, timed floor to stand 3‐meter test, and motor skills. Complaints of pain or injury were systematically collected. Significant improvements in the half‐mile walk/run were observed, but not for secondary outcomes of strength or motor skills. The mean program attendance was 80%, and no injury was reported. Children with disabilities may improve their cardiorespiratory endurance after a group aquatic aerobic exercise program with a high adult:child ratio and specific goals to maintain training heart rates.
The effects of odor on cortisol and testosterone in healthy adults.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify the influence of odor on the endocrine system (Cortisol, Testosterone). MATERIAL AND METHODS Three odors (Musk, Rose and Floral) and air were given to 16 healthy volunteers (8 males, 8 females), and cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) levels were measured before and after stimulation. RESULTS Each odor decreased levels of C, indicating that odor can attenuate stress. In males, T decreased with Musk, but increased with Floral. In females, T significantly increased with Musk, but decreased with Rose and Floral. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that influences on hormone levels depend on the type of odor, and sex differences exist in response to odors.
Transversals and Independence in Linear Hypergraphs with Maximum Degree Two

For $k \ge 2$, let $H$ be a $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Let $S$ be a set of vertices in a hypergraph $H$. The set $S$ is a transversal if $S$ intersects every edge of $H$, while the set $S$ is strongly independent if no two vertices in $S$ belong to a common edge. The transversal number, $\tau(H)$, of $H$ is the minimum cardinality of a transversal in $H$, and the strong independence number of $H$, $\alpha(H)$, is the maximum cardinality of a strongly independent set in $H$. The hypergraph $H$ is linear if every two distinct edges of $H$ intersect in at most one vertex. Let $\mathcal{H}_k$ be the class of all connected, linear, $k$-uniform hypergraphs with maximum degree $2$. It is known [European J. Combin. 36 (2014), 231 – 236] that if $H \in \mathcal{H}_k$, then $(k+1)\tau(H) \le n+m$, and there are only two hypergraphs that achieve equality in the bound. In this paper, we prove a much more powerful result, and establish tight upper bounds on $\tau(H)$ and tight lower bounds on $\alpha(H)$ that are achieved for infinite families of hypergraphs. More precisely, if $k \ge 3$ is odd and $H \in \mathcal{H}_k$ has $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, then we prove that $k(k^2 - 3)\tau(H) \le (k-2)(k+1)n + (k - 1)^2m + k-1$ and $k(k^2 - 3)\alpha(H) \ge (k^2 + k - 4)n - (k-1)^2 m - (k-1)$. Similar bounds are proven in the case when $k \ge 2$ is even.
AAC Performance and Usability Issues: The Effect of AAC Technology on the Communicative Process

In this article, Clark's theory of language use is applied to the study of conversations of augmented speakers and their addressees. Discussion focuses on how shared meaning—called common ground—is achieved, the process of grounding utterances under real-time constraints, and how the media characteristics of devices affect the grounding process. A joint action analysis of grounding will be applied to examples of word-board and Voice Output Communication Aid (VOCA)-mediated conversations to show how participants organize their talk around specific media constraints to conduct their conversations and solve communication problems. The authors argue that this model of device-mediated communication performance, or some variety of it, has the potential to reconcile many of the individual research findings in this field within a single explanatory framework. If successful, this approach could be used to evaluate future research with an empirically-based model of communication performance.