Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building a K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier for Text Categorization

-Text categorization is a process of assigning various input texts (or documents) to one or more target categories based on its contents. This paper introduces an email classification application of text categorization, using k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification[1]. In this work text categorization involves two processes: training process and classification process. First, The training processes use a previously categorized set of documents to train the system to understand what each category looks like[1]. Second,the classifier uses the training 'model' to classify new incoming documents.The k-Nearest Neighbor classification method makes use of training documents, which have known categories, and finds the closest neighbors of the new sample document among all[2]. These neighbors enable to find the new document’s category. The Euclideandistance has been used as a similarity function for measuring the difference or similarity between two instances[3].
Compliance with treatment in schizophrenia: a drug intervention program in a developing country

The compliance with drug regimens and follow‐up visits of 225 known cases of relapsed schizophrenia was assessed. About 27% of the patients met the criteria for good compliance. The compliance was found to be significantly related to the patients' view of usefulness of the medication, treatment duration of less than 5 years, dosage schedule of once or twice per day and the supervision of medication at home. Patients with poor compliance who were prescribed drug dosage of not more than twice per day throughout follow‐up and underwent counseling to enhance treatment compliance had a significantly lower relapse rate than the controlled group at the end of 1 year of follow‐up. The importance of family support and understanding patients' cultural background in ensuring good compliance was highlighted.
ON COORDINATING MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS USING A TIME CONSTRAINED CONTRACT NETWORK PROTOCOL

Abstract Abstract For many reasons, predictable coordination of autonomous computing entities under time constraints is a demanding research subject. Devising a general framework that is able to cope with the somewhat contradictory requirements such as timeliness and adaptability is a challenge. This paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research project dealing with the application of multi-agent systems in real-time applications. The paper focuses on a well known coordination protocol, the contract network protocol, and proposes some extensions to it in order to tackle real-time systems. The developed concepts are illustrated using a case study of a robotic system.
On the Self-regulatory Dynamics Created by the Peculiar Benefits and Costs of Narcissism: A Contextual Reinforcement Model and Examination of Leadership

A new model of narcissism is presented, the contextual reinforcement model. This model describes an area where narcissism will be largely beneficial to the self and, to a lesser extent, to others. This “emerging zone” includes situations involving unacquainted individuals, early-stage relationships, and short-term contexts. The costs of narcissism are seen primarily in the “enduring zone. ” These are situations involving acquainted individuals, continuing relationships, and long-term consequences. A dynamic in which narcissists cyclically return to the emerging zone is described. Research on the functioning of narcissism in leadership settings is presented as a case study of the contextual reinforcement model. Implications for understanding self-enhancement more broadly are discussed.
Fast signature computation for BIST linear compactors

Signature computation for linear compactors in a BIST environment is a computationally intensive process. In this paper, a fast compaction simulation algorithm is presented which uses superposition and look-up tables. While keeping memory requirements reasonable, this algorithm has a speedup advantage of at least one order of magnitude over traditional algorithms, and offers a threefold speedup over recently published "fast" algorithms. Our algorithm is also applicable to any linear compactor - while existing algorithms are restricted to only one type of compactor. Simulation results comparing the speed and memory requirements of the proposed compaction algorithm to that of existing compaction algorithms are given. >
On the propagation of wireless signals on board ships

The characterization of the wireless channel on board a cruise ship is considered by means of frequency domain measurements of received power and propagation attenuation. This electromagnetic environment is rather new and is characterized by abundance of reflecting surfaces and diffracting elements, so that a significant difference with respect to more common residential and office environments has been found. The measurement setup is simple and easy to position and operate. The results consist of corrected path loss laws for halls and corridors and the quantification of scattering influence.
The Impact of Sleep Timing and Bright Light Exposure on Attentional Impairment during Night Work

The prevalence of hazardous incidents induced by attentional impairment during night work and ensuing commute times is attributable to circadian misalignment and increased sleep pressure. In a 10-day shift work simulation protocol (4 day shifts and 3 night shifts), the efficacies of 2 countermeasures against nighttime (2300 to 0700 h) attentional impairment were compared: (1) Morning Sleep (0800 to 1600 h; n = 18) in conjunction with a phase-delaying light exposure (2300 to 0300 h), and (2) Evening Sleep (1400 to 2200 h; n = 17) in conjunction with a phase-advancing light exposure (0300 to 0700 h). Analysis of the dim light salivary melatonin onset indicated a modest but significant circadian realignment in both sleep groups (evening sleep: 2.27 ± 0.6 h phase advance, p < 0.01; morning sleep: 4.98 ± 0.43 h phase delay, p < 0.01). Daytime sleep efficiency and total sleep time did not differ between them or from their respective baseline sleep (2200 to 0600 h; p > 0.05). However, on the final night shift, the evening sleep subjects had 37% fewer episodes of attentional impairment (long response times: 22 ± 4 vs. 35 ± 4; p = 0.02) and quicker responses (p < 0.01) on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task than their morning sleep counterparts. Their response speed recovered to near daytime levels (p = 0.47), whereas those of the morning sleep subjects continued to be slower than their daytime levels (p = 0.008). It is concluded that partial circadian realignment to night work in combination with reduced homeostatic pressure contributed to the greater efficacy of a schedule of Evening Sleep with a phase-advancing light exposure as a countermeasure against attentional impairment, over a schedule of Morning Sleep with a phase-delaying light exposure. These results have important implications for managing patients with shift work disorder.
Evaluation of Nutritional Biochemical Parameters in Haemodialysis Patients over a Ten-year Period.

AIM Protein-energy malnutrition as well as systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney failure, who require renal replacement therapy (haemodialysis). Such malnutrition is a factor that significantly contributes to their morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the nutritional status of haemodialysis patients by assessing biochemical and anthropometric parameters in order to determine whether these patients suffered disorders reflecting nutritional deterioration directly related to time on haemodialysis. SUBJECTS AND METHOD This research comprised 90 patients of both genders with chronic kidney failure, who regularly received haemodialysis at our unit over a period of ten years. The patients' blood was tested quarterly for plasma albumin, total cholesterol and total proteins, and tested monthly for transferrin. The patients' weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were monitored. Body mass index was calculated using the formula: weight (kg)/height (m2 ) and classified in one of the following categories defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Database on Body Mass Index: (i) underweight [BMI < 18.50], (ii) normal [BMI 18.50 - 24.99], (iii) overweight [BMI 25 - 29.99], (iv) obese [BMI > 30]. RESULTS In the ten-year period of the study, the patients experienced a substantial decline in their biochemical parameters. Nevertheless, their BMI did not show any significant changes despite the patients' state of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of malnutrition in haemodialysis patients was evident. Nevertheless, the BMI of the subjects did not correspond to the biochemical parameters measured. Consequently, the results showed that the nutritional deterioration of these patients was mainly reflected in their biochemical parameters rather than in their anthropometric measurements.
Market dynamics , dynamic resource management and environmental policy in the context of ( strong ) sustainability

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between market dynamics, dynamic resource management and environmental policy. In contrast to static market entry games, this paper draws attention to the effects of market dynamics on resource dynamics et vice versa, because (1) we show that feedback processes are necessary for obtaining a better understanding of what drives the dynamics between the evolution of common-pool resources and the number of harvesters and more importantly, (2) this analysis provides an environment discussing sustainability in an appropriate inasmuch dynamic way. The paper makes following major points: (1) Interpreting the monopoly-scenario as a non-cooperative solution and the firm coexistence solution as a cooperative solution, it is shown that the coexistence solution of this model implies a degenerate saddle-node equilibrium. (2) An increasing number of harvesters does not necessarily imply a lower stock of the common-pool resource in the long run. (3) The paper introduces a way establishing an output-sharing solution by implementing an output tax, which turns out to be a pure effort tax in the long run. (4) Strong resource sustainability is not possible, given cost reducing technological progress is relevant and policy interventions ceased. With respect to environmental policy, we can conclude that a tax scheme is not a substitute to a partnership solution dealing with the common-pool problem, but is treated as an instrument establishing such a solution in the sense of a policy mix approach.
Delays to surgery in non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND In Canada, waiting times for referral and surgery exist for both benign and malignant disease. We attempted to evaluate the length of various waiting times for surgery as well as their association with surgical stage in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This observational study consisted of a retrospective review of data for all patients who underwent an operation with the intent to cure NSCLC between Jan. 1, 1993, and Dec. 31, 2002, at the Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. Time intervals between multiple preoperative points and surgery were calculated. The patients were then linked via universal health care insurance numbers with data from the centralized provincial inclusive health care database. This allowed the calculation of the precise interval between the patients' first contact with a physician for symptoms related to their malignancy and surgery. Mean time intervals were then compared with surgical stage. RESULTS We found adequate data for time interval analysis over 10 years for 256 patients who had undergone surgery with intent to cure. The distribution of patients by TNM stage was as follows: stage I, 144 patients (56.3%); stage II, 47 patients (18.4%); stage III, 41 patients (16.0%); and stage IV, 24 patients (9.4%). Mean and median time intervals between initial contact with physician or first onset of symptoms relating to lung cancer and surgery were 208 (standard deviation [SD] 313) days and 109 days, respectively. Mean and median time intervals between initial contact with the thoracic surgeon and surgery were 104 (SD 99) days and 82 days, respectively. No detrimental effect was observed between time to surgery and surgical stage in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Excessive preoperative waiting times before attempts at curative surgical resection for NSCLC exist in our centre. These intervals are exceptionally long, multifactorial and cause for concern.
The impact of knowledge management practices on organizational performance: A balanced scorecard approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a holistic approach regarding evaluation of knowledge management (KM) practices on organizational performance. The effects of seven critical success factors (CSFs), namely leadership role, organizational culture, KM strategy, processes and activities, training and education, information technology, and motivation and rewarding system, on organizational performance in the framework of four perspectives of balance scored card (BSC) approach were surveyed. Design/methodology/approach – The research hypotheses were raised based on the four perspectives of this approach, namely, growth and learning, internal processes, customer and financial. By literature review, CSFs of KM and organizational performance along with their items were identified in the framework of BSC’s perspectives. Based on these constructs and their items an instrument was designed and distributed among managers and employees of the subsidiary firms of Iran National Petrochemical Company (INP.
Hallucinogens and Altered States of Consciousness in Cusco, Peru: A Path to Local Power during Wari State Expansion

This paper addresses the tension between élite-sponsored rituals in the context of state expansion and the persistence of rituals involving hallucinogens among communities that met with state colonists. It focuses on the consumption of hallucinogens inducing altered states of consciousness during the Peruvian Middle Horizon (ad 600–1000), a period characterized by the expansion of the Wari state, known for large state-sanctioned feasts during which élites distributed corn beer and reaffirmed their power. This paper presents new evidence for the ingestion of hallucinogens from the site of Ak'awillay in the Cusco region, focusing on paraphernalia and ritual spaces recovered in large horizontal excavations. Results indicate that the people of Ak'awillay were able to maintain practices that were fundamentally different from those of Wari élites and retained access to low-altitude areas lying outside Wari control for the procurement of hallucinogens and esoteric knowledge. The paper concludes that at least some people at Ak'awillay operated outside the Wari state, thereby maintaining local power over the religious realm despite Wari presence in the region.
Exploratory multivariate spectroscopic study on human skin

Background/aims: Spectroscopy on human skin is a field that is being adopted increasingly because of its rapidity and high reproducibility. Infrared reflectance (IR), near‐infrared reflectance (NIR), and fluorescence spectroscopy have previously been applied to human skin in vivo to compare healthy and sick skin, including skin cancer, atopy, and leprosy. Exploratory data analysis/chemometrics is a tool for evaluating multivariate data such as spectroscopic measurements. The objective of this study was to explore the spectral variance spanned by people with normal integument, and to demonstrate the advantages of multivariate analysis to skin research.
Trajectory control of trailer type mobile robots

A control algorithm for a trailer-type mobile robot is proposed. With this algorithm, a trailer can move along a straight line and a circular arc curve both in forward and backward directions. A trailer command system which specifies the path of trailer type robot as straight lines or circular arcs has also been designed and implemented on a real experimental trailer type mobile robot. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by numerical simulations and experiments using the authors' self-contained autonomous mobile robot, the Yamabico.
Subgigahertz channel filtering by optical heterodyne detection using a single axial mode from an injection-locked passively mode-locked semiconductor laser

We report experimental results of fine (subgigahertz) channel filtering via optical heterodyne detection based on an optical injection locking technique. A passively mode-locked semiconductor laser injection locked to a master oscillator forms a comb of discrete frequency probes, and a single axial mode is used as a local oscillator (LO). The injection-locked LO carrier showed 42-dB phase noise suppression at 100-kHz offset. One of two analog radio frequency signals detuned by only 200 MHz showed a signal-to-noise ratio over 65 dB/Hz through demultiplexing with a commercially available microwave bandpass filter. The single sideband noise of the heterodyne beat tone at 13.160 GHz was measured to be -123 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset from the carrier under injection-locked state.
Analysis of publication trends in two internationally renowned ophthalmology journals

International journals represent a forum for exchange of current information with contributions from all over the world. High standards are essential. In this report, we compared the publishing trends of two internationally renowned ophthalmology journals--the British Journal of Ophthalmology (BJO) and the American Journal of Ophthalmology (AJO).
Debt as a (Credible) Collusive Device, or: "Everybody Happy but the Consumer"

The paper proposes a theory of the anti-competitive effects of debt finance based on the interaction between capital structure, managerial incentives, and firms' ability to sustain collusive agreements. It shows that shareholders' commitments that reduce conflicts with debtholders - such as hiring managers with valuable reputations or "conservative" incentives - besides reducing the agency costs of debt finance also greatly facilitate tacit collusion in product markets. Concentrated or collusive credit markets, or large banking groups, can ensure the credibility of such commitments (renegotiation-proofness), thereby "exporting" collusion through leverage in otherwise competitive downstream product markets.
The Metabolic Network of Lactococcus lactis: Distribution of 14C-Labeled Substrates between Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways

ABSTRACT Lactococcus lactis NCDO 2118 was grown in a simple synthetic medium containing only six essential amino acids and glucose as carbon substrates to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the carbon fluxes into the metabolic network. The specific rates of substrate consumption, product formation, and biomass synthesis, calculated during the exponential growth phase, represented the carbon fluxes within the catabolic and anabolic pathways. The macromolecular composition of the biomass was measured to distribute the global anabolic flux into the specific anabolic pathways. Finally, the distribution of radiolabeled substrates, both into the excreted fermentation end products and into the different macromolecular fractions of biomass, was monitored. The classical end products of lactic acid metabolism (lactate, formate, and acetate) were labeled with glucose, which did not label other excreted products, and to a lesser extent with serine, which was deaminated to pyruvate and represented approximately 10% of the pyruvate flux. Other minor products, keto and hydroxy acids, were produced from glutamate and branched-chain amino acids via deamination and subsequent decarboxylation and/or reduction. Glucose labeled all biomass fractions and accounted for 66% of the cellular carbon, although this represented only 5% of the consumed glucose.
Justice by Geography: Urban, Suburban, and Rural Variations in Juvenile Justice Administration

Despite statutes and rules of statewide applicability, juvenile justice administration varies consistently with urban, suburban, and rural social structure and context. In urban counties, which are more heterogenous and diverse, juvenile justice intervention is more formal, bureaucratized, and due process-oriented. Formality is associated with greater severity in pre-trial detention and sentencing practices. By contrast, in more homogeneous and stable rural counties, juvenile courts are procedurally less formal and sentence youths more leni* Centennial Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School. Ph.D. (Sociology), Harvard University, 1973; J.D. , University of Minnesota Law School, 1969; B.A., University of Pennsylvania, 1966. The data used in this study are housed in and made available by the National Juvenile Court Data Archive, which is maintained by the National Center forJuvenile Justice ("NCJJ") in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and supported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ("OJJDP"), United States Department ofJustice. The Minnesota Supreme Court's Judicial Information System collected the original data. The author's research was conducted under the auspices of the National Juvenile Court Data Archive's Visiting Scholar Program, which was supported by OJJDP. The author received exceptional support and assistance in assembling, organizing, and interpreting the data from Dr. Howard Snyder, NCJJ Director of Systems Research, Ms. Ellen Nimick, NCJJ Senior Research Assistant, and Mr. Terry Finnegan, NCIJ Computer Programmer. A number of colleagues generously provided constructive critiques of an earlier draft of this article: Gary Crippen, Dan Farber, Candace Kruttschnitt, Anne Rankin Mahoney, Michael Tonry, and two anonymous reviewers. Although the author attempted to address many of their concerns, he absolves them of any responsibility for his failure to follow their advice. Neither the Minnesota Supreme Court, the National Center for Juvenile Justice, nor the Office ofJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention bear any responsibility for the analyses, interpretations, or conclusions presented herein. A version of this Article was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Reno, Nevada, November, 1989. JUSTICE BY GEOGRAPHY ently. The Article explores the implications of "justice by geography" for juvenile justice policy.
Optimizing Decision Support for Tailored Health Behavior Change Applications

The Tailored Lifestyle Change Decision Aid (TLC DA) system was designed to provide support for a person to make an informed choice about which behavior change to work on when multiple unhealthy behaviors are present. TLC DA can be delivered via web, smartphones and tablets. The system collects a significant amount of information that is used to generate tailored messages to consumers to persuade them in certain healthy lifestyles. One limitation is the necessity to collect vast amounts of information from users who manually enter. By identifying an optimal set of self-reported parameters we will be able to minimize the data entry burden of the app users. The study was to identify primary determinants of health behavior choices made by patients after using the system. Using discriminant analysis an optimal set of predictors was identified. The resulting set included smoking status, smoking cessation success estimate, self-efficacy, body mass index and diet status. Predicting smoking cessation choice was the most accurate, followed by weight management. Physical activity and diet choices were better identified in a combined cluster.
Making the Market: Victorian Origins of Corporate Capitalism

1. Mammon's cradle Part I. Individuals: 2. Contracts, debts and debtors 3. Coercion, custom and contract at work Part II. Institutions: 4. The incorporation of business 5. The limitation of liability 6. Corporate performance Part III. Information: 7. Shareholders, directors and promoters 8. Mammon's conceit Bibliography.