Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopy Versus Laparotomy inTreatment of Early Stages of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a significant health problem in developing countries. Therefore, this paper will point out laparoscopy versus laparotomy for treatment of early stage cervical cancer. The data-recall facility of the used references was carried out with the help of the following mechanisms such as: Google, SAGES, EATS.fr, links available at World Laparoscopy Hospital, Pub Med pages available at “Queen Geraldine” University Hospital-Tirana, Gyno pro. The terms used for this paper are as following: cervical cancer, early stage, treatment laparoscopic and open surgery. There were nine articles related to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH) and total abdominal radical hysterectomy (TARH). Some articles indicated that TLRH has been performed with a vaginal assisted or without vaginal assisted portion of procedure. There was no difference in demographic or etiologic tumor factors between two groups [4]. Intraoperative, early and late complications did not differ between the 2 surgical procedures. In two articles patients who underwent TARH required a blood transfusion compared with TLRH [2, 3]. The median duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter for TLRH. The data demonstrates that early cervical cancer can be treated successfully with two procedures, but the major benefits of TLRH are less intra –operative blood loss and shorter hospital stay. It is a safe procedure with a lower overall morbidity and complication rates.
Patterns of occult bleeding in asymptomatic colorectal cancer

The assumption that asymptomatic colorectal cancers bleed provides the rationale for widespread stool screening. The authors studied 12 patients with unoperated colorectal cancer but without colorectal symptoms and six healthy volunteers as laboratory controls. All stools were collected for 2 weeks and analyzed by the HemoQuant and Hemoccult tests. In controls, the mean HemoQuant value was 0.7 mg hemoglobin (Hb)/g stool (range, 0.1–1.8) and all stools were Hemoccult‐negative. In cancer patients, the mean HemoQuant was 3.3 mg Hb/g (range, 03–13.2); stools were within the normal HemoQuant range (<2 mg Hb/g) in 38% and negative by Hemoccult in 70%. The mean cancer detection rate testing a single stool per patient was 57% for HemoQuant and 25% for Hemoccult (P < 0.001). The detection rate rose testing multiple stools and was maximal with five stools at 83% for HemoQuant compared to 31% for Hemoccult (P < 0.001). The authors conclude that fecal blood levels are commonly normal with asymptomatic colorectal cancer. Although higher with HemoQuant than Hemoccult, cancer detection rates by fecal blood testing appear to be lower than previously reported.
Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence

The definition of polycystic ovary syndrome in very young girls is complicated by the fact that many features typical of the syndrome can also be seen as physiological stages in the maturation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis. The role of reduced insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disorder has gained more importance over recent years: both elevated androgen levels and being overweight may influence the impairment of glucose metabolism. Our study focused on 250 girls in the first 8 years of gynecological age. We analyzed the prevalence of different phenotypes according to the Rotterdam criteria and the impact of higher BMI on androgen levels and on fasting screening markers of glucose metabolism. In a smaller sample, we performed a more detailed evaluation of the glucose metabolism parameters; our findings indicated that in this age group, being overweight plays a major role in the deterioration of the clinical picture.
A palliative care approach to end-stage neurodegenerative conditions.

INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and motor neurone disease, are progressive and incurable conditions that ultimately lead to a state of total functional incapacitation and death. These conditions are "terminal" and, therefore, should be managed with a palliative care approach. This article highlights some of the issues in caring for patients with end-stage neurodegenerative conditions from a palliative perspective. METHODS This review is based on evidence from pre-existing medical literature on the above subject and the authors' personal experiences and observations. CONCLUSION Patients with end-stage neurodegenerative conditions have needs similar to that of advanced cancer patients. Therefore, the principles and practice of palliative care should be applied to such patients. This may also mean that palliative care training should be undertaken in nursing homes, where a large number of such patients are located.
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Studies Under Optical Injection at the Transparency Wavelength in Copropagative Configuration

We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) gain recovery-time (RT) dependence on the probe signal wavelength and power when injecting a continuous-wave high-power assist light in the device. In our paper, pump, probe, and assist-light waves are all copropagative. Experimental and numerical results show that the gain RT is significantly reduced over a wideband of probe wavelengths due to the assist-light use. The reduction is more pronounced for low probe powers. A theoretical evaluation of the transparency-wavelength dependence on both the probe wavelength and power is presented. Then, a study on assist-light power effects on the SOA dynamics as well as pump- and probe-wavelength effects on SOA gain RT is performed
Chk2 is dispensable for p53-mediated G1 arrest but is required for a latent p53-mediated apoptotic response

In response to genotoxic stress, mammalian cells can activate cell cycle checkpoint pathways to arrest the cell for repair of DNA damage or induce apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells. The checkpoint kinase, Chk2, has been implicated in both of these responses and is believed to function in an ataxia telangiectasia (Atm)-dependent manner. We show here that Chk2−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), unlike Atm−/− or p53−/− MEFs, behaved like normal MEFs in manifesting p21 induction and G1 arrest upon exposure to γ-irradiation. Therefore, Chk2 is not involved in p53-mediated G1 arrest. To examine the role of Chk2 in p53-dependent apoptotic response, we used adenovirus E1A-expressing MEFs. We show that Chk2−/− cells, like p53−/− cells, did not undergo DNA damage-induced apoptosis, whereas Atm−/− cells behaved like normal cells in invoking an apoptotic response. Furthermore, this apoptosis could occur in the absence of protein synthesis, suggesting that it is preexisting, or “latent,” p53 that mediates this response. We conclude that Chk2 is not involved in Atm- and p53-dependent G1 arrest, but is involved in the activation of latent p53, independently of Atm, in triggering DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
Developmental Science and Preventive Interventions for Children at Environmental Risk

The current status of preventive intervention programs designed to reduce the school readiness gap for young children at environmental risk is examined in the context of developmental science. A review of program effectiveness suggests that future progress in this area should be grounded in a knowledge base that adopts the framework of developmental science and establishes unambiguous goals and implementation strategies as a foundation for program development. The Developmental Systems Approach is suggested as such a model, as it is consistent with developmental and existing intervention science, and it emphasizes program continuity, relationships, and comprehensiveness. A long-term plan for community-based systems development is presented.
NERank: Ranking Named Entities in Document Collections

While most of the entity ranking research focuses on Web corpora with user queries as input, little has been done to rank entities directly from documents. We propose a ranking algorithm NERank to address this issue. NERank employs a random walk process on a weighted tripartite graph mined from the document collection. We evaluate NERank over real-life document datasets and compare it with baselines. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
${\text{Tl}_2}{\text{LiYCl}_6}$ (${\text{Ce}^{3 + }}$): New Tl-based Elpasolite Scintillation Material

New single crystals of Ce-doped (1% and 10%) Tl2LiYCl6 (TLYC) were investigated under X-ray and -y-ray excitation. This material belongs to Chloro-elpasolite crystal family and was grown by the two-zone vertical Bridgman technique. X-ray-induced luminescence shows typical Ce3+ - ion emission between 350 and 530 nm peaking at 430 nm. Under 662 keV -y-rays excitation, best energy resolution of 4.8% (FWHM) was found for 1% Ce-concentration. For the same Ce-concentration, a maximum light yield of ~30 500 ± 3500 ph/MeV was observed at room temperature. Under -y-ray excitation, three decay time components were observed for all Ce-doped samples. Effective Z-number and density of Tl2LiYCl6 were found to be 69 and 4.58 g/cm3, respectively. Due to highly hygroscopic nature of this compound, extra attention was devoted during handling and data taking processes. Overall, the scintillation properties confirm that this material is a promising candidate for medical imaging and radiation detection.
Report of the International Workshop on Screening for Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND Over the past 30 years, eight major randomized controlled trials of breast cancer screening--with mammography and/or clinical breast examination--have been conducted. Results from several trials have been updated during the past year, and initial results of three other trials have been reported. PURPOSE The National Cancer Institute held an International Workshop on Screening for Breast Cancer in February 1993 to conduct a thorough and objective critical review of the world's most recent clinical trial data on breast cancer screening, consider the new evidence, assess the current state of knowledge, and identify issues needing further research. METHODS Investigators representing the eight randomized controlled trials of breast cancer screening in women aged 40-74 presented published and unpublished data. Evidence relating to the effectiveness of breast cancer screening in different age groups, especially women aged 40-49, was presented. RESULTS For women aged 40-49, randomized controlled trials consistently demonstrated no benefit from screening in the first 5-7 years after study entry. A meta-analysis of six trials found a relative risk of 1.08 (95% confidence interval = 0.85-1.39) after 7 years' follow-up. After 10-12 years of follow-up, none of four trials have found a statistically significant benefit in mortality; a combined analysis of Swedish studies showed a statistically insignificant 13% decrease in mortality at 12 years. Only one trial (Health Insurance Plan) has data beyond 12 years of follow-up, and results show a 25% decrease in mortality at 10-18 years. Statistical significance of this result is disputed, however. In women aged 50-69, all studies show mortality reductions; three of four studies show reductions of about 30% at 10-12 years after study entry. Results from two of these trials were statistically significant. Too few women over age 70 have been included in studies for adequate analysis. CONCLUSIONS For women aged 40-49, randomized controlled trials of breast cancer screening show no benefit 5-7 years after entry. At 10-12 years, benefit is uncertain and, if present, marginal; thereafter, it is unknown. For women aged 50-69, screening reduces breast cancer mortality by about a third. Currently available data for women age 70 or older are inadequate to judge the effectiveness of screening. IMPLICATIONS Randomized trials have provided stronger scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of screening for breast cancer than for any other cancer. However, much still needs to be learned. Periodic gatherings of scientists in the field should speed the process.
C‐signal: a cell surface‐associated morphogen that induces and co‐ordinates multicellular fruiting body morphogenesis and sporulation in Myxococcus xanthus

In Myxococcus xanthus, morphogenesis of multicellular fruiting bodies and sporulation are co‐ordinated temporally and spatially. csgA mutants fail to synthesize the cell surface‐associated C‐signal and are unable to aggregate and sporulate. We report that csgA encodes two proteins, a 25 kDa species corresponding to full‐length CsgA protein and a 17 kDa species similar in size to C‐factor protein, which has been shown previously to have C‐signal activity. By systematically varying the accumulation of the csgA proteins, we show that overproduction of the csgA proteins results in premature aggregation and sporulation, uncoupling of the two events and the formation of small fruiting bodies, whereas reduced synthesis of the csgA proteins causes delayed aggregation, reduced sporulation and the formation of large fruiting bodies. These results show that C‐signal induces aggregation as well as sporulation, and that an ordered increase in the level of C‐signalling during development is essential for the spatial co‐ordination of these events. The results support a quantitative model, in which aggregation and sporulation are induced at distinct threshold levels of C‐signalling. In this model, the two events are temporally co‐ordinated by the regulated increase in C‐signalling levels during development. The contact‐dependent C‐signal transmission mechanism allows the spatial co‐ordination of aggregation and sporulation by coupling cell position and signalling levels.
A Broadband Design of UHF Fractal RFID Tag Antenna

In this paper a broadband radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna for the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band is designed. The proposed antenna consists of a first-order Hilbert fractal structure and a spiral structure. In order to ensure the conjugate matching between the tag antenna and the electronic chip, a T-matching structure is employed. The interaction between two radiating elements makes the proposed antenna a fractional bandwidth of 20% over the frequency range of 820 MHz-1010 MHz and a small size of 0. 2092λ0 × 0. 099λ0. Simulated and measured results validate the good performance of the designed tag antenna.
Investigation on uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of complex systems

Par un developpement en serie de Taylor, une relation analytique generale est etablie pour calculer l’incertitude de la reponse du modele, en assumant l'independance des entrees. En utilisant des relations de puissances et exponentielles, il est demontre que l’approximation souvent utilisee permet d’evaluer de maniere satisfaisante l’incertitude sur la reponse du modele pourvu que l’incertitude d’entree soit negligeable ou que le modele soit presque lineaire. La methode est appliquee a l’etude d’un reseau de distribution electrique et a un modele d’ordre economique.La methode est etendue aux cas ou les variables d’entree sont correlees. Avec la methode generalisee, on peux determiner si les correlations d'entree doivent ou non etre considerees pour des applications pratiques. Des exemples numeriques montrent l'efficacite et la validation de notre methode dans l'analyse des modeles tant generaux que specifiques tels que le modele deterministe du VIH. La methode est ensuite comparee a celle de Sobol. Les resultats montrent que la methode de Sobol peut surevaluer l’incidence des divers facteurs, mais sous-estimer ceux de leurs interactions dans le cas d’interactions non lineaires entre les parametres d’entree. Une modification est alors introduite, aidant a comprendre la difference entre notre methode et celle de Sobol. Enfin, un modele numerique est etabli dans le cas d’un jeu virtuel prenant en compte la formation de la dynamique de l'opinion publique. L’analyse theorique a l’aide de la methode de modification d'un parametre a la fois. La methode basee sur l'echantillonnage fournit une analyse globale de l'incertitude et de la sensibilite des observations.
Increasing use of antidepressants in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to quantify the rate of exposures to antidepressants during pregnancy in a large cohort of women. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of 105,335 pregnancies among women enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid from 1999-2003. Pregnancies were classified according to antidepressant exposures during pregnancy using previously validated computerized pharmacy records linked with birth certificates. RESULTS During the study period, 8.7% of women giving birth had exposure to any antidepressant; 6.2% had exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Maternal age > 25 years (P < .0001), white race (P < .0001), and education > 12 years (P = .008) were significant predictors of antidepressant exposure. The proportion of pregnancies with antidepressant use increased from 5.7% of pregnancies in 1999 to 13.4% of pregnancies in 2003 (p < .0001). The increase was mostly accounted for by increases in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposures. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for further studies that better quantify the fetal consequences of exposure to antidepressants.
Black-box interactive translation prediction

En un mundo globalizado como el actual en el que, ademas, muchas sociedades son inherentemente multilingues, la traduccion e interpretacion entre diversas lenguas requiere de un esfuerzo notable debido a su volumen. Diversas tecnologias de asistencia existen para facilitar la realizacion de estas tareas de traduccion, entre las que se encuentra la traduccion automatica interactiva (TAI), una modalidad en la que el traductor va escribiendo la traduccion y el sistema ofrece sugerencias que predicen las proximas palabras que va a teclear. En el estado de la cuestion, las aproximaciones a la TAI siguen una aproximacion de caja de cristal: estan firmemente acopladas a un sistema de traduccion automatica (muchas veces estadistico) que utilizan para generar las sugerencias, por lo que tienen las mismas limitaciones que el sistema de traduccion automatica subyacente. Esta tesis desarrolla una nueva aproximacion de caja negra, donde cualquier recurso bilingue (no solo sistemas de traduccion automatica, sino tambien otros recursos como memorias de traduccion, diccionarios, glosarios, etc.) puede ser utilizado para generar las sugerencias.
Determinants of young people's sexual behaviour concerning HIV and AIDS in the practice population of a university health centre in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract Background AIDS has been a scourge of universities in Africa for a long time. This study was launched at ground-level to fight the dreaded disease by concentrating on young people and to counter the ignorance that surrounds the disease even in numerous African universities. This study of the student community was carried out by family doctors at the University Health Department to determine the prevalence of the determinants of young people's reproductive health behaviour. Objectives This study is aimed at determining young people's sexual behaviour concerning HIV and AIDS in the practice population of a university in Lagos, Nigeria. Method Self-administered 63-item questionnaires were distributed amongst 2000 randomly selected students of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria in September 2005, using a semi-structured form of the Comprehensive Youth Survey questionnaire, developed by FOCUS (led by Pathfinder International, Futures Group International and Tulane University School of Public Health). Results The age distribution of the respondents was designated in the age groups of 15–19 years (15.8%), 20–24 years (60.1%), 25–29 years (19.6%), 30–34 years (2.8%). Demographics of note were that 88.3% of the fathers of the respondents were literate and that 94.5% of the fathers earned more than one US $ per day. The majority of the respondents (99.1%) indicated adherence to one religious faith or the other and 58.8% believed definitely that religion shaped their attitudes about sexual intercourse and sexuality. More than half (64.0%) denied having had sex at all in the three months preceding the study. Furthermore, 68.8% affirmed that it was common amongst friends of their age to use condoms. A significant number of respondents (65.5%) thought that their friends have drunken alcohol. Almost all of the respondents (94.3%) had a positive perception of their family. Conclusion The Programming for HIV and AIDS Reduction on university campuses in Africa should be conducted comprehensively rather than monothematically and should, take into consideration the five thematic areas of behaviour change communication amongst young people concerning their reproductive health.
Optimization of the MPQS-factoring algorithm on the Cyber 205 and the NEC SX-2

This paper describes the optimization of a program for the factorization of large integers on two large vector processors: a CDC Cyber 205 and a NEC SX-2. The factoring method used is the so-called multiple polynomial version of the quadratic sieve algorithm. Several large integers in the 48{92 decimal digits range have actually been factorized with these two programs. The largest number, the 92-digit composite (6 131 − 1) = (5 (cid:1) 263 (cid:1) 3931 (cid:1) 6551) , was factorized in about 95 CPU-hours on the NEC SX-2. This result means a new absolute record for general purpose factoring methods.
Meta‐analysis combining parallel and cross‐over clinical trials. II: Binary outcomes

We examine different methods to pool binary outcomes used both in parallel and cross‐over trials. Odds ratio (OR) estimators obtained from joint conditional probabilities in cross‐over trials, such as the Mantel–Haenszel and Peto methods, are compared to an OR estimator using marginal results of cross‐over trials. When there is correlation between the outcomes in the two cross‐over periods, joint conditional ORs differ from marginal ORs and cannot be combined with OR estimates from parallel trials. The marginal OR estimate is independent of the between‐period correlation and it includes a correction for cross‐over correlation in the variance estimate. As its computation is similar in cross‐over and parallel trials, it is the method of choice to pool results from parallel and cross‐over trials in a combined design meta‐analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The incidence and maternal age distribution of abdominal wall defects in Norway and Arkhangelskaja Oblast in Russia

Abstract Objectives. To determine the foetal incidence of isolated anterior abdominal wall defects (gastroschisis and omphalocele) in the Arkhangelskaja Oblast (AO) in Russia and in Norway, as well as to study the maternal - age distribution of these defects. Study Design. A register - based incidence study. Methods. All registered foetuses and newborns with at least 12 weeks of gestation in the populations of AO (141,159) and Norway (293,708) were included. The data covered the period 1995–2004 in AO and 1999–2003 in Norway and were obtained from the malformation register in AO and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Results. The majority of the outcomes with a defect were liveborn in Norway (65%), while in AO the majority were spontaneously or medically aborted (59%). The incidence of anterior abdominal wall defects was 5.4/10,000 (95% confidence limits: ±1.7) in AO and 5.1/10,000 (±0.8) in Norway, and the ratio of omphalocele to gastroschisis was 1.2 in AO vs. 0.9 in Norway. Gastroschisis was inversely associated with maternal age in Norway. Conclusions. Despite a difference in maternal age distribution, there was no difference in the incidence of abdominal wall defects in AO and Norway. Gastroschisis was associated with young maternal age only in Norway, and the higher incidence in maternal age groups younger than 25 warrants further studies about aetiological factors associated with young maternal age.