Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF WILD COMMON CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO L. IN THE ANZALI WETLAND, THE CASPIAN SEA

The Caspian Sea and its basin (e.g. Anzali wetland) is one of the natural habitats of wild common carp Cyprinus carpio. In this study the genetic structure of this species. In the southwest of Caspian Sea (the Anzali wetland) was investigated using PCR-RFLP analysis of Dloop region. Two hundred of mature fish were collected from 5 stations (40 individuals from each station) including Siahkeshim protected area (SK), Selke wild refuge (S), Sorkhankol wild refuge (SO), Abkenar (A) and the Anzali wetland estuary (E) during spawning season. A 420bp fragment of D-loop was amplified and the PCR products were digested with forty endonuclease enzymes. Four out of them: TasI, SmaI, SspI and ApoI showed polymorphism. Seven different composite haplotypes were detected among 5 stations and AAAA was the most frequent. FST ranged from 0.003-0.99. Over all stations, average haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.13 and 0.01, respectively. The highest haplotype (0.42) and nucleotide (0.06) diversities were found in (SO) station. AMOVA test showed that the Anzali wetland probably consists of two different populations of wild common carp which are distributed in SK, A-SO-S-E stations. The results of this study will be useful as a guideline for conservation, restocking as well as cultivation purposes of wild common carp in the Caspian Sea.
Ki-67 and PCNA Expression in Canine Mammary Tumors and Adjacent Nonneoplastic Mammary Glands

The assessment of tumor proliferation has been considered a determining prognostic factor in canine mammary tumors (CMTs). However, no studies have assessed the prognostic importance of proliferation in adjacent nonneoplastic mammary glands. We included 64 CMTs (21 benign and 43 malignant) and studied the proliferation index (PI) of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) together with several clinicopathological characteristics. A positive and statistically significant correlation between the PI of Ki-67 and PCNA in tumors and adjacent nonneoplastic mammary glands was observed in benign and malignant tumors. Tumor size, skin ulceration, histological type, mitotic index, nuclear grade, differentiation grade, histological grade of malignancy, lymph node metastasis, Ki-67, and PCNA expression in tumors and adjacent nonneoplastic mammary glands were statistically associated with overall survival by univariate analysis in malignant cases (n = 43). Histological grade of malignancy and high intratumoral PCNA retained their significance by multivariate analysis arising as independent predictors of overall survival. Interestingly, the PI of Ki-67 and PCNA of adjacent nontumoral mammary glands were associated with clinicopathological features of tumor aggressiveness and shorter overall survival, demonstrating the need to better explore this adjacent non-neoplastic tissue.
Magic wavelengths for the 2 3 S → 2 1 S transition in helium

We have calculated ac polarizabilities of the 2 3 S and 2 1 S states of both He 4 and He 3 in the range 318 nm to 2.5 µm and determined the magic wavelengths at which these polarizabilities are equal for either isotope. The calculations, only based on available ab initio tables of level energies and Einstein A coefficients, do not require advanced theoretical techniques. The polarizability contribution of the continuum is calculated using a simple extrapolation beyond the ionization limit, yet the results agree to better than 1% with such advanced techniques. Several promising magic wavelengths are identified around 320 nm with sufficient accuracy to design an appropriate laser system. The extension of the calculations to He 3 is complicated due to the additional hyperfine structure, but we show that the magic wavelength candidates around 320 nm are predominantly shifted by the isotope shift.
Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons by C-14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: None Older Than 11,000 C-14 Years B.P.

Radiocarbon analyses by accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) techniques on organic fractions of human bone from various North American localities previously assigned ages ranging from about 70,000 to 15,000 years B.P. now suggest that none of these skeletons is older than 11,000 C-14 years B.P.
Prediction of KRAS Mutation in Rectal Cancer Using MRI.

AIM The purpose of the study was to investigate imaging predictors of Kirsten-ras (KRAS) mutations using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 275 patients with rectal cancer were enrolled. They underwent pretreatment rectal MRI, and then KRAS mutation evaluation following surgery. Two reviewers assessed diverse MRI findings associated with rectal cancer. RESULTS KRAS mutations were detected in 107 (38.9%). KRAS mutations were associated with N stage, gross tumor pattern, axial length of the tumor, and the ratio of the axial to the longitudinal dimensions of the tumor (p=0.0064, p<0.0001, p=0.0003 and p=0.0090). The frequency of KRAS mutations was higher in N2 stage (53.70%), and polypoid tumors (59.09%). Tumors with KRAS mutations exhibited a longer axial length, as well as a larger ratio of the axial to the longitudinal dimensions. CONCLUSION KRAS mutations were associated with N stage, a polypoid pattern, axial tumor length, and the ratio of the axial to the longitudinal dimensions of the tumor.
Tubulinopathies and Their Brain Malformation Syndromes: Every TUB on Its Own Bottom

Commentary Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) used to be much simpler. These disorders, which result from disruptions in the usual process by which the cerebral cortex develops during embryonic and fetal life, have long been known to be fairly prevalent causes of medically refractory epilepsy, particularly in children but also in adults (1). In the old days (the 1990s), it was reasonable and quite instructive to think of MCDs as being classified into categories based on the putative stage of development that was disrupted in each malformation: neuronal proliferation, neuronal migration, or postmigrational organization (2). The cardinal cortical malformations mostly featured one major type of anatomic abnormality, which could be appreciated in an increasingly easy fashion as neuroimaging technology improved, and when causative gene mutations were first identified for some of these disorders, they implicated proteins whose functions made plausible biological sense in explaining the developmental defect (3). Thus ASPM mutations, affecting a cell-cycle protein important in mitosis of proliferating neuronal progenitors, lead to primary microcephaly, a disorder of brain size in the absence of other major dysplastic features (4). Similarly, mutations in DCX, a gene on the X chromosome encoding a microtubule-associated protein, lead to disorders of neuronal migration such as subcortical band heterotopia and classic lissencephaly, with the sex-specific nature of these conditions satisfactorily explained by X-inactivation in females (5). In recent years, however, this more simplistic understanding of MCDs has been gradually chipped away by accumulating clinical, radiologic, pathological, genetic, and molecular The Wide Spectrum of Tubulinopathies: What Are the Key Features for the Diagnosis?
“Exercise as medicine” in chronic kidney disease

Exercise and physical activity are increasingly becoming key tools in the treatment and prevention of several medical conditions including arthritis and diabetes; this notion has been termed “exercise as medicine”. Exercise has favorable effects on reducing cardiovascular risk, inflammation, cachexia, and hypertension, in addition to increasing physical functioning, strength, and cardio‐respiratory capacity. Chronic kidney disease, a condition that affects around 10% of the population, is often overlooked as a target for exercise‐based therapy. Despite the vast range of severity in kidney disease (e.g., pre‐dialysis, dialysis, transplant), exercise has a potential role in all patients suffering from the condition. In this review, we summarise the important role exercise may have in the clinical management of kidney disease and how this form of ‘medicine’ should be best administered and ‘prescribed’.
Rapid Synaptic Changes and Bundling in the Supraoptic Dendritic Zone of the Perfused Rat Brain

In the dendritic region of the supraoptic nucleus of young adult rats we found ultrastructural evidence of rapid (< 30 min) morphological reorganization following transcardial perfusion of the anesthetized animals with high (325 mOsm), but not with normal, osmolality (302 mOsm) balanced salt solutions. The changes observed included significant increases in dendritic bundling and increased numbers of multiple axodendritic synapses (where one presynaptic terminal contacted two or more postsynaptic dendrites). In our initial experiments the perfusion medium contained tannic acid, but when the tannic acid was omitted in a separate set of experiments, the results were both similar and more striking. These studies indicate that the plasticity previously seen in this region under physiological conditions can occur rapidly and probably involves astrocytic process withdrawal from between adjacent dendrites. This change in the distribution of astrocytic processes allows previously single synapses access to additional postsynaptic dendritic membrane. Together, increased dendritic bundling and multiple synapses may facilitate the synchronization of cell firing and, thus, hormone release.
Measuring health status in Israeli patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and widespread pain and healthy individuals: utility of the short form 36-item health survey (SF-36).

OBJECTIVES To examine the usefulness of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (MOS SF-36) in measuring health-related quality of life (QOL) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients, and to determine whether subscale scores of SF-36 could distinguish patients with FMS from patients with widespread pain alone, and from healthy individuals. METHODS The study population included three groups of women: 90 patients with FMS, 96 patients with widespread pain, and 50 healthy controls. In all subjects, health-related QOL was assessed by SF-36. The Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to evaluate functional disability, helplessness and psychological status. FMS-related symptoms and tenderness also were assessed. RESULTS The 8 subscales of SF-36 showed a consistent pattern for physical function, physical role functioning, body pain, general health, vitality, and social function, with the lowest scores in patients with FMS, intermediate scores in patients with widespread pain alone, and the highest scores in healthy subjects. Emotional role functioning and mental health scores were significantly higher among healthy controls than among patients. The SF-36 subscales of physical functioning, bodily pain, and social functioning were highly correlated with another measure of functional disability (from the Health Assessment Questionnaire) in all patient groups. Most of the subscales were associated with psychological variables (helplessness, depression, and anxiety). All eight subscales of SF-36 were strongly correlated with the mean score of another measure of quality of life, QOL-16. CONCLUSIONS Most of the SF-36 subscales represent health dimensions relevant to patients with FMS and widespread pain alone. The severity of functional impairment as assessed by the SF-36, distinguishes patients with FMS and widespread pain alone from healthy individuals, and also discriminates between patients with widespread pain alone and FMS patients.
Localized cerebral proton MR spectroscopy in HIV infection and AIDS.

PURPOSE To document differences in the cerebral proton MR spectra of patients with early and late stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHOD We studied the relative N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) levels by localized proton spectroscopy of the parietooccipital region of the brain in 43 HIV-seropositive patients, including 26 with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining diagnosis, and in eight control subjects. RESULTS Reduced relative NAA levels were shown in those HIV-1-seropositive patients: 1) with AIDS against HIV-1-seropositive patients without AIDS (P < .04); 2) with HIV-1-associated cognitive/motor complex against neurologically healthy patients (P < .007); 3) with encephalopathic changes on MR against those with normal imaging (P < .001); and 4) on follow-up against their results on initial study (P < .03). CONCLUSIONS By clinical (Centers for Disease Control classification) and radiologic (MR evidence of white-matter disease) criteria indicating late-stage HIV infection, reduced relative levels of NAA have been demonstrated. Spectroscopic abnormalities can be quantitatively tracked with time. This paper demonstrates the clinical use of detecting NAA as a putative in vivo measure of the neuronal loss that has been demonstrated in postmortem studies of patients with AIDS. This neuronal loss, which is believed to underlie the HIV-1-associated cognitive/motor complex, is thought to be attributable directly or indirectly to the presence of HIV in the brain. Proton spectroscopy may serve as a quantitative noninvasive indicator of this aspect of cerebral involvement in HIV disease.
Chapter 4. Basic Failure Modes and Mechanisms

GaAs devices exhibit some general failure modes that can be attributed to a defined failure mechanism. The most common failure modes are observed via degradation of the MMIC parameters such as IDSS, gain, POUT, and others. The degradation observed in MMIC devices is normally a function of the material interactions and the environmental conditions during test or operation. The importance of a particular parameter degradation depends greatly on the design and function of the MMIC and the relationship between the observed degradation and the general health of the device in question. A list of the most common failure modes is provided in Table 4-1. Life tests, with RF or dc excitation and performed under controlled conditions, are the most common means of failure-mode detection. These tests can provide valuable information as to the type of degradation to which the particular device under test may be most susceptible, and the severity of the effect on the performance of the device.
Is flow in subpleural region typical of the rest of the lung? A study using laser-Doppler flowmetry.

The microcirculation in the subpleural region of the lung is thought to be physiologically typical of the entire vasculature. To investigate this issue, an in situ blood-perfused dog lung lobe (500 ml/min) was prepared and the blood flow in the subpleural region (Qs) was monitored with laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The flow rates into and out of the lobe were monitored with in-line flow probes, and the arterial and venous pressures were recorded from side ports in the cannulas. The LDF signal measures flow in arbitrary units over a region less than 2 mm deep and 1 mm2. The LDF signal was independent of site of measurement and was linearly proportional to total flow rate (r2 greater than 0.9), suggesting that during baseline conditions Qs behaves similarly to, although not necessarily the same as, blood flow in the rest of the lung. However, if the vasculature is constricted by serotonin (arterial constriction) or by histamine (venous constriction), Qs decreases significantly relative to total flow. In fact, in some cases Qs approached zero during vasoconstriction, despite the fact that total flow was maintained constant and the pulmonary arterial pressure became elevated. Reduction in Qs most likely reflects a redistribution from the subpleural to the central regions of the lung. The results of this study suggest that LDF is a useful tool for monitoring flow in the subpleural region of the lung. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Eyelid development, fusion and subsequent reopening in the mouse.

The process of eyelid development was studied in the mouse. The critical events occur between about 15.5 d postcoitum (p.c.) and 12 d after birth, and were studied by conventional histology and by scanning electron microscopy. At about 15.5 d p.c. the cornea of the eye is clearly visible with the primitive eyelids being represented by protruding ridges of epithelium at its periphery. Over the next 24 h, eyelid development proceeds to the stage when the cornea is completely covered by the fused eyelids. Periderm cells stream in to fill the gap between the developing eyelids. Their proliferative activity is such that they produce a cellular excrescence on the outer surface of the line of fusion of the eyelids. This excrescence had almost disappeared by about 17.5 d p.c. Keratinisation is first evident at this stage on the surface of the eyelids and passes continuously from one eyelid to the other. Evidence of epidermal differentiation is more clearly seen in the newborn, where a distinctive stratum granulosum now occupies about one third of its entire thickness. Within the subjacent dermis, hair follicles are differentiating. By about 5 d after birth, a thick layer of keratin extends without interruption across the junctional region. While a noticeable surface indentation overlies the latter, a similar depression is only seen on the conjunctival surface by about 10 d after birth. Keratinisation is also observed to extend in from the epidermal surface to involve the entire region between the 2 eyelids at about this time. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Determination of Optimized Multidisciplinary Care Team for Maximal Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence

Objective:We seek to determine the optimized multidisciplinary care team (MDCT) composition for antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Methods:We analyzed all new regimen starts (n = 10,801; 7071 ART naive, 3730 ART experienced) among HIV-positive patients in Kaiser Permanente California from 1996 to 2006. We measured 12-month adherence to ART (pharmacy refill methodology) and medical center–specific patient exposure to HIV/infectious disease specialist (reference group), non-HIV primary care provider, clinical pharmacist, nurse case manager, non-nurse care coordinator, dietician, social worker/benefits coordinator, health educator, and mental health worker. We used recursive partitioning to ascertain potential MDCT compositions associated with maximal mean ART adherence. We then employed mixed linear regression with clustering by provider and medical center (adjusting for ART experience, age, gender, race/ethnicity, HIV risk, hepatitis C virus coinfection, ART regimen class, and calendar year) to test which potential MDCT combination identified had statistically significant association with ART adherence. Results:We found maximal increase in adherence with pharmacist plus coordinator plus primary care provider combination (8.1% ART adherence difference compared with reference; 95% confidence interval: 2.7% to 13.5%). Other MDCT teams with significantly (P < 0.05) improved adherence compared with specialist only were nurse plus social worker with primary care provider (7.5%; 5.4% to 9.7%), specialist plus mental health worker (6.5%; 2.6% to 10.4%), pharmacist plus social worker plus primary care provider (5.7%; 4.1% to 7.4%), and pharmacist plus primary care provider (3.3%; 0.8% to 5.8%). Among these MDCTs, there were no significant differences in mean adherence, odds of maximal viral control, or CD4+ changes at 12 months (except pharmacist plus primary care provider). Conclusions:Various MDCTs were associated with improved adherence, including ones that did not include the HIV specialist but included primary care plus other health professionals. These findings have application to the HIV care team design.
Prefabricated Galeal Flap Based on Superficial Temporal and Posterior Auricular Vessels

Scalp layers are widely used in reconstructive procedures. The authors used prefabricated galeal flaps based on the superficial temporal or postauricular vessels for ear, cheek, mandible, and cranium reconstructions in three cases. In case 1, synchronous beard and ear reconstructions were accomplished by using the temporoparietal and retroauricular flaps. In case 2, a buccomandibular defect was reconstructed by transposing the supra-auricular and retroauricular galea with prefabricated bone and skin. In case 3, an epidural hematoma in the left frontoparietal area was evacuated after a circular craniectomy. The harvested bone was not put back on the defect area but buried between the periosteal and galeal layers because of brain edema. These layers were raised as an osteogaleoperiosteal flap and transposed onto the defect area after 7 weeks. When used with a prefabrication method, scalp layers offer versatile options for repairing composite defects of the head region. A galeal flap based on the posterior auricular vessels is practical and reliable in reconstructive procedures. The authors suggest that this flap is an option in cases in which the temporoparietal fascia artery or the superficial temporal artery is not available. Prefabrication of the harvested cranial bone inside the adjacent tissues offers several advantages in that a viable bone is provided at the end of the procedure, intervention at a distant area is avoided, the graft is placed on osteogenic tissue (periosteum) that is also transposed onto the defect, and sophisticated procedures such as microsurgical techniques are not needed.
Effect of the Temperature and Humidity on the Dielectric Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique

The effect of the temperature and humidity on the dielectric properties such as dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the anatase phase structure of the TiO2 film has been studied. The film has been deposited at a temperature of 350 0 C using Spray Pyrolysis Technique. The structure of the deposited film has been characterized using XRD & Raman Spectroscopy. The surface morphology has been studied using SEM & EDAX. For the study of the dielectric constant and dissipation factor TiO2 thin film has been deposited on the ITO coated glass plate.
Hyperintensity in the subarachnoid space on FLAIR MRI.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this essay are to illustrate the causes of FLAIR hyperintensity in the subarachnoid space and to outline the mechanisms of the findings. CONCLUSION FLAIR subarachnoid space hyperintensity may be encountered with both pathological conditions and artifacts. Knowledge of these conditions and appearances coupled with any associated findings may suggest the cause of the FLAIR subarachnoid space hyperintensity. A diffuse distribution and a lack of ancillary findings often remain nonspecific and may require clinical correlation and CSF analysis.