ffects of hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphus jujuba n acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male rat Rattus norvegicus )

Objective: To investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphus jujuba on the histopathological, tissue oxidative stress and inflammation plus to antioxidant pathways of colon tissue in rat with induced Ulcerative colitis. Materials and methods: Ulcerative colitis was induced in 80 rats those divided into 8 equal groups. Group 1 and 2 were negative controls receiving 1 mL/day of normal saline in enema and oral; group 3 and 4 as positive control 1 and 2 received 10 mg/kg of intra-colonic asacol and oral mesalazine; groups 5 and 6 received 20% and 40% of hydroalcoholic extract of Z. jujuba trans-rectally; group 7 and 8 received 1500 and 3000 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Z. jujuba orally, respectively. After 7 days, animals were evaluated for colon tissue histopathology, levels of malondialdehyde and IL-1 , and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and myeloperoxidase in colon tissue. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of Z. jujuba in both forms of trans-rectal and oral administration especially in the higher doses could result into a more healing effect in damaged colonic tissue, more reduce glutathione peroxidase and IL-1 level. Also, these two doses (gel 40% and oral 3000 mg/kg) could more decrease the myeloperoxidase activity and stimulate superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Also, gel 40% in transrectal administration was more potent than administration 3000 mg/kg in oral. ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail: articlepublishers93@gmail.com (A. Ghanbari Saghesloo). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jcol. 2016.04.007 237-9363/© 2016 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia. This is an open access article nder the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 190 j coloproctol (rio j). 2 0 1 6;3 6(4):189–195 Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that Z. jujube may be considered as a treatment of choice for Ulcerative colitis especially in gel form and also in dose-dependent pattern. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Efeitos do extrato hidroalcoólico de Ziziphus jujuba na colite ulcerativa induzida pelo ácido acético em rato macho (Rattus norvegicus) Palavras-chave: Ziziphus jujuba Colite ulcerativa Estresse oxidativo Histopatologia Inflamação r e s u m o Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do extrato hidroalcoólico de Ziziphus jujuba no estresse oxidativo em tecido ao nível histopatológico e na inflamação, juntamente com as vias antioxidantes em tecido de cólon em ratos com colite ulcerativa induzida. Materiais e métodos: Induzimos colite ulcerativa em 80 ratos, divididos em 8 grupos iguais. Os grupos 1 e 2 eram controles negativos que receberam 1 mL/dia de salina normal em enema e por via oral; os grupos 3 e 4 eram controles positivos para 1 e 2 e receberam 10 mg/kg de asacol por via intracolônica e mesalazina oral; os grupos 5 e 6 receberam gel a 20% e 40% de extrato hidroalcoólico de Z. jujuba por via trans-retal; os grupos 7 e 8 receberam 1500 e 3000 mg/kg de extrato hidroalcoólico de Z. jujuba por via oral, respectivamente. Transcorridos 7 dias, os animais foram avaliados para histopatologia de tecido de cólon, níveis de malonildialdeído e IL-1 , e atividades de superóxido dismutase, glutátion peroxidase e mieloperoxidase no tecido colônico. Resultados: O uso do extrato hidroalcoólico de Z. jujuba, tanto na forma transretal como oral, e em especial nas doses mais altas, resultou em um efeito de cicatrização mais intensa no tecido colônico lesionado, e em maior redução nos níveis de glutátion peroxidase IL1 . Além disso, essas duas doses (gel a 40% e 3000 mg/kg por via oral) diminuíram ainda mais a atividade de mieloperoxidase e estimularam as atividades de superóxido dismutase e glutátion peroxidase. Outro achado do estudo foi que o gel a 40% por administração transretal se mostrou mais potente do que a administração oral de 3000 mg/kg. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que Z. jujuba pode ser considerado como tratamento de escolha para colite ulcerativa, sobretudo em forma de gel e também em um padrão proporcional à dose administrada. © 2016 Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. em nome de Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia. Este é um artigo Open Access sob uma licença CC BY-NC-ND (http:// Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) include two parts, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). UC affected the superficial layer of all parts of the large intestine specially descending colon and rectum.1 Incidence of UC is 1.2–20.3 cases and its prevalence is 7.6–240 cases per 100 000 peoples in each year.2 The basis of the UC is genetically susceptibility to inflammation and also environmental triggers.3 These environmental factors include microbiological,4,5 immunological,6 smoking and psychological factors.5 So, some treatments can be applicable to overcome these environmental factors. In addition, besides the cost of treatment, the impact of UC on quality of life is staggering.7 Therefore, finding effective and cost benefit treatment for UC is necessary. Before each study for finding good therapeutic agents for UC, it is necessary to simulate the conditions similar to human UC in animal models. There are several models for induction of UC in animals such as use of trinitrobenzene sulfonic creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). acid (TNBS) (7), dextran sodium sulfate,8 and acetic acid.9 Rectal administration of acetic acid can mimic the conditions which occurred in human UC10 and related UC is a reproducible laboratory animal model and is useful for screening of effectiveness of drugs.11 Use of medicinal plants and their derivatives has an ancient basis. Ziziphus jujube is a herbal plant belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is one of the most important Ziziphus species.12 The jujube fruit contains many bioactive compounds, including triterpenic acids, flavonoids, cerebrosides, phenolic acids, -tocopherol, -carotene, and polysaccharides. Each constituent of the jujube presents some health benefits, thus making it a healthy food choice and also as therapeutic agent.13 The beneficial effects of administration of Z. jujuba as alternative treatment in oral mucositis (OM) has been reported previously.14 The objective of present investigation was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Z. jujuba in experimentally induced UC in male rat as an animal model for human studies.