Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Memory-Efficient CNN Accelerator Using Segmented Logarithmic Quantization and Multi-Cluster Architecture

This brief presents a memory-efficient CNN accelerator design for resource-constrained devices in Internet of Things (IoT) and autonomous systems. A segmented logarithmic (SegLog) quantization method is exploited to mitigate the on-chip memory and bandwidth requirements, thus accommodating more processing elements (PEs) in a given chip area to organize a reconfigurable multi-cluster architecture. The evaluation results show that SegLog quantization can achieve <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> model compression with less than 2.5% accuracy loss on various CNNs. An ASIC implementation with 168 PEs configuration is validated in a 40-nm CMOS process, with 2.54 TOPs/W energy efficiency and 0.8 mm<sup>2</sup> chip area reported. The accelerator has also been implemented on FPGA with 1512 PEs configured and 468 kB on-chip memory, achieving a 1.29 GOPs/kB memory efficiency. Compared with the state-of-the-art accelerators, our ASIC implementation enhances area efficiency and arithmetic intensity by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.94\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.62\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while the FPGA implementation achieves the memory efficiency improvement by a factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.34\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Microwave Photonic Interrogation of a High-Speed and High-Resolution Temperature Sensor Based on Cascaded Fiber-Optic Sagnac Loops

A high-speed and high-resolution temperature sensor based on two cascaded fiber-optic Sagnac loops (FSLs) interrogated using a microwave photonic (MWP) method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed system, an FSL is used as a sensor element. When it is experiencing temperate change, its spectrum is shifted, which leads to the shift in the spectrum of the cascaded FSLs. Instead of measuring the wavelength shift of the spectrum by using an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), which has a low wavelength resolution and a slow scanning speed, we convert the optical spectrum to the time domain based on spectral shaping and wavelength-to-time (SS-WTT) mapping, and use a digital signal processor (DSP) to extract the sensing information. In our experiment, two cascaded FSLs with two different free spectrum ranges (FSRs) are employed. Due to the Vernier effect, multiple dips in the envelope of the optical spectrum are introduced. By passing a broadband frequency-chirped optical pulse generated by a frequency-swept laser source to the two cascaded FSLs, the sensing information is encoded in the optical spectrum and it is converted to the time domain due to SS-WTT mapping. By detecting the optical waveform at a photodetector (PD), a temporal microwave waveform with its shape identical to the optical spectrum is generated. By using a DSP, the time shift of a dip is measured and the sensing information is precisely demodulated. Experimental result shows that the proposed fiber-optic temperature sensor can provide a temperature resolution of 1.33 × 10−5 °C at a sensing speed of 23.497 kHz.
On the Coevolution of Economic and Ecological Systems

This survey provides a description of common and distinct characteristics of economic and ecological systems; examples of the ways in which these characteristics can be incorporated into models adequately describing the coevolution of the two-component systems to produce a unified ecological-economic system in time, space, and appropriate scale; and a discussion of policy design when the policy maker takes into account this coevolution, along with potential biases when the coevolution is ignored. We propose the development of integrated assessment models of the coevolving systems that will embody the variety of common and distinct characteristics identified in this survey. We expect that such an approach will provide useful insights into the efficient management of coevolving ecological-economic systems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 13 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Effects of Biofertilizers on Maize and Sunflower Seedlings under Cadmium Stress

Application of various alternative nutrient supplies can partly be substituted by chemical fertilizers, resulting in economical use with less environmental strains. Biofertilizers containing living microorganisms promote nutrition uptake, but still there are questions regarding their application under stress conditions. One of the main abiotic factors that can induce stress is contamination of soils with toxic elements. In the course of intensive plant-growth conditions, considerable quantities of basic cations are removed from the soil, resulting in acidification and thereby enhancing the uptake of heavy metals by plants. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a major problem affecting crop productivity worldwide. The presence of Cd in the rhizosphere can cause stress responses and alteration in many physiological processes, including nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, sulfate assimilation, and plant–water interactions. Once in the plant, Cd can enter the food chain, causing public health problems. The aim of our work was to investigate the effects of biofertilizers on plant production and nutrient uptake in some Cd-contaminated soils. Our results revealed that Cd accumulated primarily in the roots and transport to the shoots was rather low; however, there were differences between the two plants species. Plant uptake by sunflower was greater than by maize, and sunflower appeared to be more stress tolerant of Cd than maize. With the use of the bacterium-containing biofertilizer, the toxic effect of Cd was moderated.
CONVERGENT APPROACH OF LIBERALIZATION AND REGIONAL INEQUALITIES - AN ANALYSIS

Coherent integration for transformation and structural adjustments in the socio-political, economic and cultural realms of each unit within the framework of social democracy might have appeared to be contributory to market-efficiency and the objectives of neo-liberalization as well as economic growth. In the present dispensation the authors have taken the attempt to analyse scales of normative frameworks in the socio-political, socio-economic and cultural context under various timelines to suggest as alternative means, in addition to policy coherence for the sustainable developmental goals.
Fully Passive-Printed Wireless Wear Sensor

Wear of abradable materials presents a significant challenge across many industries, where the efficiency, efficacy, and safety of important systems rely on the detection and monitoring of component wear. Three design variations demonstrate real-time monitoring of wear by a novel, additively manufactured, embeddable, and fully passive wireless wear sensor. The three sensor designs incorporate closely spaced, narrow interconnects connected to a parallel resistor circuit, with a passive RFID chip for complete remote operation. The first design includes ten closely spaced horizontal interconnects and tracks wear events orthogonal to the interconnects for a resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200~{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The second design divides horizontal interconnects into two interdigitated sets of five lines each to achieve a resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$125~{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The third design features ten interconnects printed vertically and connected to a sloped drain line to achieve a resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50~{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We fabricated all three designs with a single-layer print on machinable glass-ceramics and commercial surface-mount resistors. Lab testing showed that the three sensor designs had an overall experimental resolution of 215.3, 127.8, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$57.34~{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. We attribute error to a combination of manufacturing challenges related to the printing of orthogonal and acute angled narrow interconnects, RFID sampling rates, and errors from testing. The maximum error in measured voltage steps for each of the three designs is 10%, 6.67%, and 6.78%. This study is limited in sample size due to testing constraints and is presented as proof of concept. Future work should assess the robustness of these designs and processes.
Automatic selection of binarization method from images with serial numbers on industrial products

The article deals with the automatic selection of the binarization method using advanced methods of artificial intelligence. The input images to the algorithms are images of serial numbers from industrial environments, for example on iron and steel billets, slabs, etc. The surface of these products is in most cases severely damaged by industrial processes, such as traces of cut, rust, noise, surface roughness, etc. Text recognition is a very common topic nowadays. All investigated solutions are based on the fact that each image is binarized by a single defined method and the accuracy of recognition is given only by the quality of learning of the neural network. Especially in an industrial environment, it is difficult to create a universal method for unambiguous methods for text recognition. The innovation described in this article is the automatic selection of the binarization method (from the Bradley, Niblack, Sauvola methods etc.), which increases the accuracy already in the phase before the text recognition itself, which with the subsequent correct combination of filters leads to an overall increase in accuracy.
Phosphorescence and Fluorescence of Phthalocyanines

For the first time, phosphorescence has been observed from and clearly assigned to the molecular triplet of several metallophthalocyanine (Pc) molecules. The Pc's of Pt, Pd, Cu, Zn, and Cd have O–O bands in solution (77°K) at the extraordinarily low energies of 10 590, 10 100, 9390, 9150, and 9120 cm−1, respectively, while those of Mg and VO have possible transitions at ∼9000 and 8500–8800 cm−1. Half‐widths, lifetimes, approximate quantum efficiencies, triplet absorption, and excitation spectra, and vibrational substructure are reported, together with oxygenation and heavy atom effects. The lifetimes were very short (varying from 1 msec to less than 3 μsec), so room temperature phosphorescence was seen, as was radiation from the separate triplet sublevels at 4°K and below. Yields were very low (∼10−2 to ∼10−5) because of very strong radiationless transitions, and various other Pc complexes did not seem to phosphoresce at all. Both tripdoublet and quartet luminescence were seen from CuPc, and the intersyst.
Thermal-stability and tensile properties of two single-walled Si–H nanotubes

The Molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to predict the thermal-stability and tensile properties of two single-walled Si nanotubes that are hydrogenated outside and both inside and outside respectively, i.e. the Sio–H and Siio–H nanotubes. Further, the axial-tensile properties of the two Si–H nanotubes were discussed by comparison with one (14,14) carbon nanotube. The obtained results show that: (1) the two Si–H nanotubes both have the Si skeletons with the structure similar to the {110} planes of single-crystal silicon, and they can stably exist only at the temperature lower than 200 and 125 K respectively and (2) the Sio–H and Siio–H nanotubes, respectively, have the tensile strength of 4.0 and 1.2 GPa as well as the fracture strain of 0.35 and 0.32; both their tensile strength and fracture strain are much lower than the corresponding ones of the (14,14) carbon-tube.
A New Benchmark Based on Recent Advances in Multispectral Pansharpening: Revisiting Pansharpening With Classical and Emerging Pansharpening Methods

Pansharpening refers to the fusion of a multispectral (MS) image and panchromatic (PAN) data aimed at generating an outcome with the same spatial resolution of the PAN data and the spectral resolution of the MS image. In the last 30 years, several approaches to deal with this issue have been proposed. However, the reproducibility of these methods is often limited, making the comparison with the state of the art hard to achieve. Thus, to fill this gap, we propose a new benchmark consisting of recent advances in MS pansharpening. In particular, optimized classical approaches [multiresolution analysis (MRA) and component substitution (CS)] are compared with methods belonging to the third generation of pansharpening, represented by variational optimization-based (VO) and machine learning (ML) techniques. The benchmark is tested on different scenarios (from urban to rural areas) acquired by different commercial sensors [i.e., IKONOS (IK), GeoEye-1 (GE-1), and WorldView-3 (WV-3)]. Both quantitative and qualitative assessments and the computational burden are analyzed in this article, and all of the implementations have been collected in a MATLAB toolbox that is made available to the community.
Inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) as a method of species differentiation of bone fragments

During criminal investigations relating to buried human remains, mass graves, or poaching, human and animal bones may be comingled, highly fragmented, or burned. Misidentification of skeletal elements may result in animal bones being sent to forensic laboratories and human bones sent to a zoologist for identification, creating unnecessary work and further investigative problems. To determine the origin of skeletal remains this research will examine the trace element signature in bone from several different species. The animals of interest in this study included beaver, cat, coyote, deer, fisher, fur seal, mouflon, pig, raccoon, and rat. Bone fragments of each species were collected, prepared, and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to measure the concentrations of aluminum, boron, calcium, iron, lead, potassium, magnesium, and sodium. Significant differences were observed between the various experimental elements and feeder types. Carnivores had significantly higher levels of aluminum, iron, potassium, magnesium, and sodium than both herbivores and omnivores. Significantly higher levels of aluminum, potassium, magnesium, and sodium were detected in domestic species. Discriminant analysis of the species showed that it may be possible to distinguish bone fragments by feeder type, species, and domestication status.
Uzgoj, nutritivna svojstva i korištenje žižule (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Žižula (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) je voćna vrsta porijeklom iz Kine gdje se uzgaja gotovo 4000 godina. Po broju stabala najbrojnija je voćna vrsta u Kini. Plod je koštunica koji može biti oblog ili izduženog oblika, od veličine višnje pa do veličine šljive i karakterističnog je slatko-kiselog okusa. Žižula je izuzetno specifična zbog svoje neobične strukture izbojaka te kasnijeg kretanja i ranijeg završetka vegetacije u odnosu na ostale voćne vrste. Plodovi su izuzetno bogati vitaminom C. Neizostavan je dio prehrane u Kini te ima veliku važnost u tradicionalnoj medicini za liječenje mnogobrojnih bolesti. U Hrvatskoj se žižula može pronaći u Istri i Dalmaciji gdje se najčešće koristi kao samostalno stablo u dekorativne svrhe. Najpovoljnije vrijeme sadnje za žižulu je u proljeće u vrijeme bubrenja pupova. Berba žižule počinje od kraja kolovoza i traje do studenoga ovisno o sorti. Plodonošenje počinje u drugoj godini nakon sadnje, a punu rodnost nakon 4 do 5 godina. U voćnjacima se prirodi kreću od 18 do 50 kg po stablu. Zbog svoje izuzetne otpornosti na sušu te prilagođenosti mediteranskoj klimi, žižula je izuzetno zanimljiva voćna vrsta za uzgoj.
Local governments' communication through Facebook. Evidences from COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy

The study aims at demonstrating how social communication has changed in terms of flows and content in the different phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic to get to the fact that public administrations have embarked on a path of rapprochement with the citizen that starts from the methods of communication and interaction. This article presents an exploratory and multidisciplinary study conducted through the analysis of the Facebook page of the Italian municipalities with the highest Covid19‐induced mortality rates (Piacenza, Bergamo, Lodi, Cremona, Brescia, Pavia, Parma, Mantova, Alessandria, Lecco and Sondrio). Fanpage Karma has been used to conduct the investigation and get the analytics. Local governments are implementing a process of gradual approach to the needs of the citizen and learning new ways of communication. In the conclusion of our study – conducted at the time of the pandemic – we can affirm that local governments are in an early stage of the process both for the acquisition of skills for social communication and for the definition of a communication strategy to strengthen their social identity aware of the fact that the agile and lean communication makes the citizen much more informed and involved in city life than traditional communication. This paper analyses a social network like Facebook as a not common tool for local government's communication in a period of severe emergency. A multidisciplinary approach is adopted as a distinctive factor. The focus is on the contribution of social communication on citizens' engagement.
Towards a Multi-Agent based Network Intrusion Detection System for a Fleet of Drones

The objective of this research work is to propose a new model of intrusion detection system for a fleet of UAVs deployed with an ad hoc communication architecture. The security of a drone fleet is rarely addressed by the scientific community, and most research has focused on routing protocols and battery autonomy, while ignoring the security aspect. The multi-agent paradigm is considered the most adequate and appropriate solution to model an effective intrusion detection system capable of detecting intrusions targeting a drone fleet. Multi-agent systems can perfectly address the security problem of a drone fleet, given the mobility, autonomy, cooperation and distribution characteristics present in the network linking the different nodes of the fleet. The proposed model consists of a set of cooperative, autonomous, communicating, learning and intelligent agents that collaborate with each other to carry out intrusion and suspicious activity detection missions that can target the network of a fleet of drones. Our system is autonomous and can detect known and unknown cyber attacks in real time without the need for human experts, who generally design the signatures of known attacks for conventional intrusion detection systems.
USO DE ÁGUAS AMARELAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE PITANGA (Eugenia uniflora L.)

The yellow water contains the major part of nutrients available in human excreta. This is a resource for plant growth (N,P,K,S) in agriculture instead of artificial fertilizers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the growth of seedlings of Surinan cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) in a substrate fertilized with human urine. The study tested 5 different doses: 20, 10, 7, 5 and 4 mL of undiluted urine applied to a substrate of soil and coconut powder in 3:1 volume proportion. A randomized casual model of 5 treatments in 5 blocks, with 16 seedlings per dose, totaling 80 plants per block. The plant growth was measured in field conditions for plant height(cm) and weight of dry matter of aerial part, root and total weight (g). Weekly applicationof 20 and 10 mL of pure urine resulted in an average height of 26.1 cm and 21.2 cm respectively, which was significantly taller than when applying 7, 5 or 4 mL.The maximum height was33.5 cm with a weekly dose of 20 mL for two months, which corresponds to a quantity of 1 kg.N per m3. The recommendation is to apply at least the equivalent of 1.0 Kg/m3 of nitrogen to the substratefor the formation of Surinan cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) seedlings.
Isolated States of America: The Impact of State Borders on Mobility and Regional Labor Market Adjustments

I document a new empirical pattern of internal migration in the US. Namely, that county-to-county migration drops off discretely at state borders. People are three times as likely to move to a county 15 miles away, but in the same state, than to move to an equally distant county in a different state. This gap remains even among neighboring counties, or counties in the same commuting zone. This pattern is not explained by differences in county characteristics, is not driven by any particular demographic group, and is not explained by pecuniary costs such as differences in state occupational licensing, taxes, or transfer program generosity. However, I find that county-to-county commuting follows a similar pattern as does social connectedness (as measured by the number of Facebook linkages). Although the patterns in social networks would be consistent with information frictions, non-pecuniary psychic costs, or behavioral biases, such as a state identity or home bias, the data suggest that state identity and home bias play an out-sized role. This empirical pattern has real economic impacts. Building on existing methods, I show that employment in border counties adjusts more slowly after local economic shocks relative to interior counties. These counties also exhibit less in-migration, suggesting the lack of migration leads to slower labor market adjustment.
The Analysis of Natural Intelligence Relates to Environmental Attitudes in Elementary School Students

This article describes the relationship between Natural intelligence and environmental attitudes in elementary school students. The problems in this study are: (1) What are the description of Natural intelligence and a general description of the caring attitude of elementary school students? (2) Is there a relationship between Natural intelligence and environmental perspectives of elementary school students? This research uses a quantitative approach with the type of correlation method, ex-post-facto. The population of this study was elementary school students in Makassar City, consisting of elementary school students grade IV and V. Samples were taken by proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis using the Pearson Correlation analysis technique. The results show that the correlation between fourth and fifth-grade Natural intelligence belongs to the high category. In contrast, the environmental care attitude of fourth and fifth-grade students is very high. It shows that there is a relationship between Natural intelligence and the manner of caring for elementary school students with the strength of the link in the medium category.
Thermomechanical Property of Rice Kernels Studied by DMA

The thermomechanical property of the rice kernels was investigated using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The length change of rice kernels with a loaded constant force along the major axis direction was detected during temperature scanning. The thermomechanical transition occurred in rice kernels when heated. The transition temperatures were determined as 47°C, 50°C and 56°C for the medium-grain rice with the moisture contents of 18.1%, 16.0% and 12.5% (wet basis), respectively. Length change of the rice kernels increased with the increase of the temperature and moisture content. Among the four rice varieties investigated, the results showed that the thermomechanical property was not significantly affected by variety.