Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced detection and classification of buried mines with an UWB multistatic GPR

We present a resonance-based classification technique for the identification of plastic-cased antipersonnel (AP) land mines buried in lossy and dispersive soils under rough surfaces by a stepped-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) downward-looking ground penetrating radar (GPR) with an array of receivers. For this application the multistatic ground probing sensor is positioned just above the ground surface and operates from UHF to C-band frequencies. Novel physics-based models based on the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) technique simulate the characteristic resonating multi-aspect target frequency responses for several realistic buried land mine detection scenarios. Matched filter detection results are presented which assess the GPR's performance in identifying a simulated mine buried under a rough surface at varying depths in dry sand and a dispersive clay loam soil and distinguishing them from false targets such as buried rocks.
Discovery of skin lymphocytes was a game changer in experimental dermatology

A substantial part of ongoing research in experimental dermatology focuses on skin T cells—for that reason, we find important to highlight the pioneering work of Jan D. Bos et al. from 1987 (The skin immune system (SIS): Distribution and immunophenotype of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal skin) https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/3494791. This key article sets the record straight, once and for all, about the presence of lymphocytes in healthy skin, characterized the immunophenotypes of subpopulations, quantified these cells and studied their location. It was perhaps the critical discoveries made by Bos et al. that fuelled the scientific community's interest in skin lymphocytes, contributing to a new generation of cutaneous immunology research. We briefly describe additional scientific breakthroughs made since 1987. Nonetheless, the study of cutaneous lymphocytes remains essential to understand the relationship of these cells to human diseases and to develop therapies that can be leveraged to selectively mobilize, enhance or deplete these cells.
Development of the Children's Body Image Scale.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a gender-appropriate pictorial scale to measure body image in young children based on a measurable index of adiposity. METHOD Pictorial scales for boys and girls containing seven body pictures representing standard percentile curves for body mass index (BMI) for healthy children were developed. The Children's Body Image Scale (CBIS) was administered to 312 children aged between 7 and 12 years. RESULTS Accuracy of body size perception, indicated by the correlation between actual and perceived BMI category figure, developed with age, girls acquiring accuracy earlier than boys. Whereas girls developed a good accuracy (r =.60, p <.001, 10-12 years), in boys, the correlation, though significant, was not strong (r =.35, p <.01, 10-12 years). There was a consistent bias towards underestimation of body size using this technique. There was a high frequency of body size dissatisfaction across all the age ranges, 48% girls and 36% boys wished to have a smaller body figure than their own, and only 10% of girls and 20% boys wished to have a larger body figure. Construct validity was assessed in a subset of 153 children in which additional measures of restrained eating (DEBQ-R) and body esteem were available. From the age of 8 years, the CBIS provides a good measure of body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The CBIS provides a good measure of body size perception in girls and an adequate measure in boys aged 8 years and older. It also provides a good measure of body size dissatisfaction in children. Internalization of a thin body ideal takes place at a young age, many children desiring a BMI below the average norm.
Trade (exports) as an opportunity for Bangladesh: A VECM analysis

ABSTRACT This article examines the effects of trade (exports) on the economic growth of Bangladesh from 1986 to 2016, using the application of a Johansen cointegration and vector error correction model. The empirical findings exhibit that trade (exports) has a unique long-run equilibrium relationship with the economic growth of Bangladesh. The short-run results also display a robust causality between variables. This study suggests that exports play a major role in the growth of Bangladesh. Policymakers should promote the export of goods and services, especially manufactured goods, in the long term, in order to possibly reduce the trade deficit and rapidly stimulate the growth of Bangladesh.
In Silico Screening for PTPN22 Inhibitors: Active Hits from an Inactive Phosphatase Conformation

2‐Benzamidobenzoic acids seem to stabilize PTPN22 phosphatase in its inactive 'open' conformation with the WPD loop locked in a distal position. In silico screening using both 3D structures in open and closed conformations yielded potent inhibitors of this potential drug target for autoimmunity that specifically dock into its open form. Tryptophan fluorescence measurements support the proposed binding mode.
Traumatic brain injury in the elderly: increased mortality and worse functional outcome at discharge despite lower injury severity.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare data obtained from a statewide data set for elderly patients (age > 64 years) that presented with traumatic brain injury with data from nonelderly patients (age > 15 and < 65 years) with similar injuries. METHODS The New York State Trauma Registry from January 1994 through December 1995, from trauma centers and community hospitals excluding New York City (45,982 patients), was examined. Head-injured patients were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes. A relative head injury severity scale (RHISS) was constructed on the basis of groups of these codes (range, 0 = none to 3 = severe). Comparisons were made with nonelderly patients for mortality, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission and discharge, Injury Severity Score, New Injury Severity Score, and RHISS. Outcome was assessed by a Functional Independence Measure score in three major domains: expression, locomotion, and feeding. Data were analyzed by the chi2 test and Mann-Whitney U test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS There were 11,772 patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of head injury, of which 3,244 (27%) were elderly. There were more male subjects in the nonelderly population (78% male subjects) compared with the elderly population (50% men). Mortality was 24.0% in the elderly population compared with 12.8% in the nonelderly population (risk ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.99-2.43). The elderly nonsurvivors were statistically older, and mortality rate increased with age. Stratified by GCS score, there was a higher percentage of nonsurvivors in the elderly population, even in the group with only moderately depressed GCS score (GCS score of 13-15; risk ratio, 7.8; 95% confidence interval, 6.1-9.9 for elderly vs. nonelderly). Functional outcome in all three domains was significantly worse in the elderly survivors compared with the nonelderly survivors. CONCLUSION Elderly traumatic brain injury patients have a worse mortality and functional outcome than nonelderly patients who present with head injury even though their head injury and overall injuries are seemingly less severe.
Epidemiology of injuries in judo: a cross-sectional survey of severe injuries based on time loss and reduction in sporting level

Background Sport injury severity can be detected by duration of time loss and reduction of sporting performance. Aim To detect injury type-specific time loss duration and sporting performance reduction in judo. Methods An online survey of active and former judo athletes was conducted (exclusion criterion: incomplete questionnaire). Only injuries causing more than 3 weeks’ time loss were recorded. Athletes classified themselves into performance classes. Injury type-specific frequencies were recorded according to gender, age and performance level. Injury severity was assessed by time loss duration and performance reduction. Results The study included 4659 athletes (65% male, 38% competitive sports). The most commonly injured body regions were the upper extremity (41%) and the lower extremity (39%). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures were the most severe injury type (time loss: 4% of cases 3–6 weeks, 6% 6–12 weeks, 26% 3–6 months, 32% 6–9 months, 18% 9–12 months, 14%>12 months; performance reduction: 32% same level, 39% slightly reduced, 24% strongly reduced, 5% stopped judo). The second most severe type of injury was a vertebral disc prolapse (time loss: 26% 3–6 weeks, 31% 6–12 weeks, 20% 3–6 months, 7% 6–9 months, 3% 9–12 months 13%>12 months; reduction of sporting performance: 39% same level, 34% slightly reduced, 20% strongly reduced, 8% stopped judo). Conclusion Across genders and performance levels, ACL ruptures and vertebral disc prolapses were the most severe injuries with respect to time loss and sporting performance reduction.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAI1 (YGL246c) Is Homologous to Human DOM3Z and Encodes a Protein That Binds the Nuclear Exoribonuclease Rat1p

ABSTRACT The RAT1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeencodes a 5′→3′ exoribonuclease which plays an essential role in yeast RNA degradation and/or processing in the nucleus. We have cloned a previously uncharacterized gene (YGL246c) that we refer to asRAI1 (Rat1p interacting protein 1). RAI1 is homologous to Caenorhabditis elegans DOM-3 and humanDOM3Z. Deletion of RAI1 confers a growth defect which can be complemented by an additional copy of RAT1 on a centromeric vector or by directing Xrn1p, the cytoplasmic homolog of Rat1p, to the nucleus through the addition of a nuclear targeting sequence. Deletion of RAI1 is synthetically lethal with therat1-1ts mutation and shows genetic interaction with a deletion of SKI2 but not XRN1. Polysome analysis of an rai1 deletion mutant indicated a defect in 60S biogenesis which was nearly fully reversed by high-copyRAT1. Northern blot analysis of rRNAs revealed thatrai1 is required for normal 5.8S processing. In the absence of RAI1, 5.8SL was the predominant form of 5.8S and there was an accumulation of 3′-extended forms but not 5′-extended species of 5.8S. In addition, a 27S pre-rRNA species accumulated in therai1 mutant. Thus, deletion of RAI1 affects both 5′ and 3′ processing reactions of 5.8S rRNA. Consistent with the in vivo data suggesting that RAI1 enhances RAT1function, purified Rai1p stabilized the in vitro exoribonuclease activity of Rat1p.
Long-term effect of laser-induced ocular hypertension on the cone electroretinogram and central macular thickness in monkeys.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of laser-induced ocular hypertension on the cone electroretinogram (ERG) and retinal thickness in monkeys. BACKGROUND DATA Degeneration of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and loss of retinal ganglion cells in the primate glaucoma model have been confirmed by histological studies and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. However, it remains unclear whether the outer retina distal to the RGCs (e.g., photoreceptors) is involved in histological studies and in functional test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were five monkeys with high intraocular pressure (IOP) induced in the right eye by laser. Six years after the laser coagulation of the mid-trabecular meshwork, RNFL, ganglion cell complex (GCC), central macular thickness (CMT), and the thickness of outer retinal layer (ORL) were measured by OCT. The photopic responses of ERG were recorded in response to red flashes on a blue background. The maximum cone amplitude (Rcone) and cone sensitivity (Scone) were calculated. RESULTS Enlarged cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio was found in the lasered eyes. RNFL and GCC were significantly thinner in the lasered eyes (p<0.05), but no significant differences were found in CMT and the thickness of ORL compared with fellow eyes (p>0.05). Mean amplitude of the photopic negative response (PhNR), Mean Rcone were significantly lower in the lasered eye (p<0.05), and no significant differences of Scone were found between the two eyes (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Long-term ocular hypertension induced by laser affects the function of cone photoreceptor in monkeys.
Association of thrombocytopenia with outcome following adult living donor liver transplantation

This study aimed to evaluate the association of postoperative thrombocytopenia with outcome following adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). It was a prospective study of 120 consecutive adult LDLT from September 2012 to May 2015. Preoperative platelet counts (PLTs) and postoperative PLTs were recorded at regular intervals till 3 months after LDLT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The median pretransplant PLT was 61 × 109/l. The lowest median PLT after LDLT was observed on POD 3. Patients were stratified into low platelet group (n = 83) with PLT <30 × 109/l and high platelet group (n = 37) with PLT ≥30 × 109/l. Patients with PLT <30 × 109/l had statistically significant higher grade III/IV complication (P = 0.001), early graft dysfunction (P = 0.01), sepsis (P = 0.001), and prolonged ascites drainage (P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, PLT<30 × 109/l was identified as an independent risk factor for grade III/IV complications (P = 0.005). Overall, patients survival was significantly different between two groups (P = 0.04), but this predictive value was lost in patients who survived more than 90 days (P = 0.37). Postoperative PLT of <30 × 109/l was a strong predictor of major postoperative complications and is associated with early graft dysfunction, prolonged ascites drainage, and sepsis. The perioperative mortality rate was high in the thrombocytopenia group.
MIMO–OFDM WLAN Architectures, Area Coverage, and Link Adaptation for Urban Hotspots

This paper considers the suitability of a range of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing architectures for use in urban hotspots. A ray-tracing propagation model is used to produce realistic MIMO channel data. This information is used to determine the expected throughput and area coverage for various physical (PHY) layer schemes. Site-specific throughput predictions are generated in a city-center environment. Link adaptation (LA) is shown to play a key role in the choice of space-time algorithm, the use of adaptive modulation and coding, and the number of antennas employed at both ends of the radio link. No single PHY layer scheme is suitable to cover the entire coverage area. Results demonstrate the need for MIMO LA under a wide range of channel conditions. For the area under test, 2% of covered locations selected a spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme, 50% selected a space-time block coding (STBC) scheme, and 48% selected a hybrid SM/STBC scheme. With suitable power control and LA, for the scenario under consideration, high peak capacities and good geographic coverage were achieved.
A common ancestor for Candida tropicalis and dehydrogenases that synthesize antibiotics and steroids

Candida tropicalis peroxisomes contain a 905‐residue trifunctional enzyme with hydratase‐dehydrogenase‐epimerase activity that is important in fatty acid β‐oxidation. At its amino terminus are two tandem copies of an ~280 residue domain of unknown function. We provide evidence that this domain is homologous to oxidoreductases used for metabolizing sugars and synthesizing antibiotics and steroids such as estradiol, androstenedione, corticosterone, and hydrocortisone. The trifunctional enzyme shows no sequence similarity to the bifunctional hydratase‐dehydrogenase found in animal peroxisomes and plant glyoxysomes, which are homologs of each other. We suggest that the C. tropicalis trifunctional enzyme and the animal and plant bifunctional enzymes have different ancestors. — Baker, M. E. A common ancestor for Candida tropicalis and dehydrogenases that synthesize antibiotics and steroids. FASEB J. 4: 3028‐3032; 1990.
Evaluation of MicroRNA expression pattern of gastric adenocarcinoma associated with socioeconomic, environmental and lifestyle factors in northwestern Hungary.

AIM Gastric cancer is among the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) represent an emerging field of cancer research, there is an increasing interest regarding the miRNA responses to environmental and lifestyle exposures. The aim of our study was to analyze whether social status, living conditions and lifestyle behaviours, such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, are associated with specific miRNA expression patterns of gastric adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary gastric adenocarcinoma and nine non-tumourous samples were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of miR-21, miR-34a, miR-93, miR-143, miR-203, miR-205, miR-223 were compared in gastric adenocarcinoma samples of patients with different demographical characteristics, social status, drinking and smoking habits. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-21, miR-143 and underexpression of miR-34a were observed in gastric cancer samples relative to the controls. Elevated expression of miR-21 was detected in patients with low social status. Smokers showed higher expression of miR-21 and lower expression of miR-143. Up-regulation of miR-203, miR-205 and miR-223 was identified in patients with regular alcohol consumption. Patients living in an urban environment had elevated expression levels of miR-143 and miR-34a. DISCUSSION Differential miRNA expression patterns of gastric adenocarcinoma of the same histopathology from a small geographic region's population show homogenous correlations with the existence of common risk factors.
A refined solution structure of hen lysozyme determined using residual dipolar coupling data

A high resolution NMR structure of hen lysozyme has been determined using 209 residual 1H–15N dipolar coupling restraints from measurements made in two different dilute liquid crystalline phases (bicelles) in conjunction with a data set of 1632 NOE distance restraints, 110 torsion angle restraints, and 60 hydrogen bond restraints. The ensemble of 50 low‐energy calculated structures has an average backbone RMSD of 0.50±0. 13Å to the mean structure and of 1.49±0. 10Å to the crystal structure of hen lysozyme. To assess the importance of the dipolar coupling data in the structure determination, the final structures are compared with an ensemble calculated using an identical protocol but excluding the dipolar coupling restraints. The comparison shows that structures calculated with the dipolar coupling data are more similar to the crystal structure than those calculated without, and have better stereochemical quality. The structures also show improved quality factors when compared with additional dipolar coupling data that were not included in the structure calculations, with orientation‐dependent 15N chemical shift changes measured in the bicelle solutions, and with T1/T2 values obtained from 15N relaxation measurements. Analysis of the ensemble of NMR structures and comparisons with crystal structures, 15N relaxation data, and molecular dynamics simulations of hen lysozyme provides a detailed description of the solution structure of this protein and insights into its dynamical behavior.
Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Augments Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury and Apoptosis

Acute lung injury during bacterial infection is associated with neutrophilic inflammation, epithelial cell apoptosis, and disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. TLR4 is required for lung injury in animals exposed to bacterial LPS and initiates proinflammatory responses in part via the transcription factor NF-κB. Ligation of TLR4 also initiates a proapoptotic response by activating IFN-β and STAT1-dependent genes. We recently demonstrated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key controller of cell growth and survival, can physically interact with STAT1 and suppress the induction of STAT1-dependent apoptosis genes. We therefore hypothesized that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin would increase LPS-induced apoptosis and lung injury in vivo. Rapamycin increased lung injury and cellular apoptosis in C57BL/6J mice exposed to intratracheal LPS for 24 h. Rapamycin also augmented STAT1 activation, and the induction of STAT1-dependent genes that mediate cellular apoptosis (i.e., Fas, caspase-3). LPS-induced lung injury was attenuated in STAT1 knockout mice. In addition, LPS and IFN-β–induced apoptosis was absent in cultured cells lacking STAT1, and, unlike in wild-type cells, a permissive effect of rapamycin was not observed. In contrast to its effect on STAT1, rapamycin inhibited NF-κB activation in vivo and reduced selected markers of inflammation (i.e., neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, TNF-α). Therefore, although it inhibits NF-κB and neutrophilic inflammation, rapamycin augments LPS-induced lung injury and apoptosis in a mechanism that involves STAT1 and the induction of STAT1-dependent apoptosis genes.
Influence of surface treatment prior to ALD high-/spl kappa/ dielectrics on the performance of SiGe surface-channel pMOSFETs

Compressively strained Si/sub 0.7/Ge/sub 0.3/ surface-channel pMOSFETs with atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//HfO/sub 2//Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ nanolaminate and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition p/sup +/ poly-SiGe gate electrode were fabricated. Surface treatment with either hydrogen fluoride (HF) clean, or HF clean followed by water rinse was performed prior to the ALD processing. The devices with water rinse show a good control of interfacial layer and device reproducibility, while the devices without water rinse lack a clearly observable interfacial layer and show scattered electrical characteristics and distorted mobility curve. A /spl sim/20% increase in hole mobility compared to the Si universal mobility and a /spl sim/0.6-nm-thick continuous interfacial layer are obtained for the pMOSFETs with water rinse.
Risk factors and clinical course of portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis after partial splenic embolization

Background: Although portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis after partial splenic embolization (PSE) is a well-known complication, few reports evaluating risk factors have been published. Purpose: To investigate risk factors and clinical course of portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis after PSE. Material and Methods: Sixteen patients with severe hypersplenism underwent PSE between March 2005 and April 2008. The correlation between portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis after PSE detected on multidetector row CT (MDCT) and various factors were retrospectively reviewed. Further, the clinical course of portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis after PSE was observed on follow-up MDCT. Results: Splenic vein thrombosis was detected in eight patients (50%) on MDCT images taken within 9 days after PSE. In one, the thrombosis also involved the portal vein. The infarct volume was identified as a significant risk factor for portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis (P=0.046). In all but one patient, splenic vein thrombosis resolved completely or improved without anticoagulation therapy. In this patient, both portal and splenic vein thrombosis developed after PSE, and anticoagulation therapy was necessary. Conclusion: It is suggested that a large splenic infarct volume is a risk factor for portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis after PSE. Indications for treatment of thrombosis of the portal vein system after PSE may be limited to patients with portal vein thrombosis.