Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Grammar of Measurement 1

The phrase 2 liters of oil is a pseudopartitive. It includes a measure phrase, 2 liters, and a substantive indicating what kind of substance is measured. I can use 2 liters of oil to talk about oil whose volume is 2 liters. Suppose I wanted instead to talk about oil whose temperature was 90 degrees. I should be able to say *90 degrees of oil, but I can’t. Instead, I have to say 90-degree oil. The absence of of indicates that this is not a pseudopartitive. The absence of number marking on degree suggests that it is a nominal compound. What is it about 90 degrees that prevents its use in pseudopartitives but allows it compounds? too much gold is also a pseudopartitive, which, for reasons not relevant here, needs no of. Parsons(1970) observed that expressions like these are ambiguous about how the gold is being measured. It could be too much gold by weight or too much by volume. But if it can mean gold which is too heavy or gold whose volume is excessive, why can’t it mean gold which is too dark? “You put too much gold in the ring,” I would say to the jeweler, to mean that the gold in the ring is darker than I wanted. But I can’t use too much gold in that way, and it isn’t because much is unable to quantify over degrees of darkness, for that is just what it seems to do when I say “the gold is much darker than I had expected. ” Inches and feet are appropriate units for measurements taken in various dimensions. Nevertheless, while I can use a foot of cable to speak of length, if I’m concerned with the diameter of the cable, why must I say quarter inch cable, again employing a compound, which is of-less and devoid of number marking, and where the indefinite article is omitted before quarter? And if 2 feet of cable
Trying different wavelets on the search for voice disorders sorting

This work describes the use of different DWTs - discrete wavelet transforms, like Haar, Daubechies, Coiflets, Symmlets and Spikelet in order to distinguish between normal and pathological human voices. All the transforms are used to evaluate some properties of the digitalized voice signals under analysis, as the power density spectrum and also a fractal dimension parameter is calculated. According to an ordinary threshold it is possible to estimate the voice as belonging to a normal or pathological patient, in respect to his or her larynx working. The results are compared and presented and the conclusions show it is possible to have a promising result based on a deterministic approach with low computational order of complexity, furthermore, it is possible to have a DSP real-time implementation.
Marital Status, Partner Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms in Older Men and Women

Objectives: To determine if marital status is associated with depressive symptoms in men and women, and to determine if partner satisfaction is associated with depressive symptoms. Methods: Community-dwelling adults (n = 1751) aged 65 years and older were sampled from a representative population-based registry. Age, sex, education, and marital status were self-reported. Satisfaction with living partner was assessed with an item from the terrible-delightful scale. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression was used to assess depressive symptoms, with a score of 15 or more indicating depressive symptoms. Results: Only 3% of the sample were dissatisfied with their living partner, and those who were dissatisfied with their living partner had higher levels of depressive symptoms. Proportions of men with depressive symptoms were: 20.6% for never married; 19.2% for separated or divorced; 17.3% for widowed; 7.3% for married (satisfied); and 38.1% for married (dissatisfied) (χ2 = 32.98, df = 4, P < 0.001). In women, the results were different: 11.8% for never married; 23.1% for separated or divorced; 15.4% for widowed; 14.4% for married (satisfied); and 41.9% for married (dissatisfied) (χ2 = 18.33, df = 4, P < 0.001). In logistic regression models, a significant interaction term was seen for Marital status x Sex. In stratified models, adjusting for age and education, an effect of marital status was seen in men, but not in women. Conclusions: The effects of marriage on depressive symptoms in men and women may be different, with lower levels of depressive symptoms in married men, compared with unmarried men, but similar rates in married women, compared with unmarried women. Dissatisfaction with their partner was uncommon, but highly associated with depressive symptoms.
The developmental profile: Validation of a theory-driven instrument for personality assessment

Abstract The Developmental Profile is an instrument for personality assessment. It covers both maladaptive and adaptive characteristics. The current study examined its internal consistency and construct validity in a Dutch sample of 763 participants from various clinical and nonclinical settings. The internal consistency reliability estimates were good for the clusters of levels (adaptive, neurotic, and primitive), although not for all separate levels. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an overall good fit, with the exception of the level of primary narcissism. Furthermore, empirical evidence was found for the interpretation of a patient's Developmental Profile according to increasing levels of aggregation, with as a highest level a single maladaptivity–adaptivity scale score. This scale significantly distinguished among different patient groups.
Estrogen Alters Oxytocin mRNA Levels in the Preoptic Area

Estrogen has numerous effects on immunoreactive levels of oxytocin (OXT) centrally, particularly in the preoptic lateral subcommissural nucleus (LSN). In this study in situ hybridization of a 38‐base oligodeoxyribonucleotide (38mer) complementary to OXT mRNA revealed that estrogen treatment altered the pattern of OXT production in the rostral LSN and the more caudal anterior commissural nucleus. Rats were injected with 20 ng estradiol benzoate or sesame oil vehicle im 4 and 5 days after ovariectomy. On the sixth day all animals were perfused with paraformaldehyde‐glutaraldehyde and their brains sectioned to 10 μm thickness in a −10 °C cryostat. Coronal brain sections were taken from four parallel levels of the preoptic‐anterior hypothalamic area. These sections were mounted and hybridized in situ to a [l125]‐labeled 38mer for 16 h at 37 °C. Washed and dried slides were processed for autoradiography and analyzed with a light microscope. The effect of estrogen on OXT production differed between the rostral and caudal sections in both the LSN and periventricular (PeV) areas. Estrogen significantly increased OXT mRNA levels in LSN cells while decreasing hybridization in the anterior commissural nucleus cells. Changes in frequency patterns in the PeV paralleled those in the LSN with a significant drop of hybridization in the caudal PeV. Neurons hybridizing 38mer probe were also found in several other areas including the ventral medial preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the nucleus triangularis septi. OXT mRNA levels were affected by estrogen treatments and this effect differed between the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus. The sensitivity of LSN oxytocinergic cells to estrogen has implications for estrogen‐sensitive OXT‐enhanced reproductive behaviors.
Neuropsychological investigation of motor impairments in autism

It is unclear how standardized neuropsychological measures of motor function relate to brain volumes of motor regions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An all-male sample composed of 59 ASD and 30 controls (ages 5–33 years) completed three measures of motor function: strength of grip (SOG), finger tapping test (FTT), and grooved pegboard test (GPT). Likewise, all participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging with region of interest (ROI) volumes obtained to include the following regions: motor cortex (precentral gyrus), somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus), thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and caudal middle frontal gyrus. These traditional neuropsychological measures of motor function are assumed to differ in motor complexity, with GPT requiring the most followed by FTT and SOG. Performance by ASD participants on the GPT and FTT differed significantly from that of controls, with the largest effect size differences observed on the more complex GPT task. Differences on the SOG task between the two groups were nonsignificant. Since more complex motor tasks tap more complex networks, poorer GPT performance by those with ASD may reflect less efficient motor networks. There was no gross pathology observed in classic motor areas of the brain in ASD, as ROI volumes did not differ, but FTT was negatively related to motor cortex volume in ASD. The results suggest a hierarchical motor disruption in ASD, with difficulties evident only in more complex tasks as well as a potential anomalous size–function relation in motor cortex in ASD.
In Reply.

In Reply: Drs. Fan and Faraday write with concerns about the Vasopressin and Cardiac Surgery Trial1 and my editorial2; I agree with some, but not all, of their points. My first point of agreement is the criticism that clinical treatment was not protocolized; however, in most randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized care is most often not protocolized for simple logistical reasons. The point is that nonprotocolized care was used in both masked arms of the Vasopressin and Cardiac Surgery Trial. Greater use of dobutamine in the norepinephrine group in the Vasopressin and Cardiac Surgery Trial could have been because vasopressin had less negative inotropic effects than norepinephrine, as vasopressin has some vasodilation action due to release of nitric oxide.3,4 Another point of agreement is Drs. Fan and Faraday’s “caution against generalizing these results across centers and to bias against specific drugs classes. ” Indeed, I stated: “in settings such as the study hospital [my italics for emphasis herein], vasopressin infusion for treatment of vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery may improve some clinically important outcomes. ”2 I also stand by my recommendation that “this trial deserves replication in other multicenter healthcare settings [my italics for emphasis herein] to create confidence about generalizability. ” Drs. Fan and Faraday state that in the Vasopressin and Cardiac Surgery Trial masked infusion doses of vasopressin and norepinephrine were not equivalent, and that norepinephrine doses (10 to 60 μg/min) were about five times higher than those used in their center (a citation or a table of their actual data would be helpful here). They state that in the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial5 norepinephrine doses were 5 to 15 μg/ min, but that is not correct. Supplemental Digital Content (http://links.lww.com/ALN/B337) shows mean doses of 15 to 17 and upper SD of 27 μg/min in the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial. The literature regarding norepinephrine doses in vasodilatory shock after cardiovascular surgery helps somewhat here6–9: norepinephrine doses were up to (upper SD) 40 μg/min,6 10 μg/min,8 and 30 μg/min,9 suggesting that norepinephrine doses may have been lower in previous studies of vasopressin versus norepinephrine in cardiovascular surgery than in the Vasopressin and Cardiac Surgery Trial. My points of disagreement include unequal dosing regimens for vasopressin and norepinephrine having the potential evaluation (EuroSCORE). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 16:9–13
Gender- and trauma-related predictors of use of mental health treatment services among primary care patients.

OBJECTIVE Use of mental health care was investigated as a function of gender, traumatic event frequency, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and attitudes toward treatment among 194 primary care patients. METHODS Patients were recruited from primary care clinics, administered the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire, PTSD Symptom Scale, Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form, and a survey on use of services. RESULTS Lifetime mental health treatment was related to increased frequency of traumatic events, positive attitudes toward treatment, and probable PTSD. Recent use of mental health care and intensity of use were related to female gender and greater frequency of trauma. Regression models yielded significant associations for trauma frequency, positive treatment attitudes, and female gender. Trauma and PTSD were associated with use more than gender and treatment attitudes were. CONCLUSIONS Use of and adherence to treatment may be improved by targeting attitudes toward treatment.
Dendritic Cell Influx Differs between the Subglottic and Glottic Mucosae during Acute Laryngotracheitis Induced by a Broad Spectrum of Stimuli

Clinically, the subglottic and glottic mucosae may react differently, eg, during acute laryngotracheitis. In healthy rats, we showed previously that the composition of the mucosal immune system of the larynx also differs between these areas. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) are part of this mucosal immune system. In particular, DCs occupy a key function. They migrate into inflamed mucosae during the early phase of the immune response, which is normally characterized by an influx of neutrophils. Thus, they help to overcome the time lag between the innate and the adaptive immune responses. In the present study, the influx of DCs, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes into the subglottic and glottic mucosae of rats was examined at different time points after challenge with a broad spectrum of stimuli such as dead Moraxella catarrhalis, viable Bordetella pertussis, viable Sendai virus, and the soluble protein ovalbumin. The number of DCs increased rapidly after the application of the antigens. This increase was as rapid as the increase in neutrophils. Depending on the kind of antigen, their number in the mucosa increased up to 1,000 cells per 0.1 mm2 (Sendai virus). The comparison of different mucosal areas shows that an overwhelming number of immunocompetent cells entered the subglottic mucosa, whereas only a few cells migrated into the adjacent glottic mucosa. In conclusion, after inhalation of different kinds of antigens, the subset of immunocompetent cells investigated in this study entered the laryngeal mucosa in high numbers. The number of DCs entering the laryngeal mucosa was higher than the numbers of the other immune cells investigated. This finding underlines their function as first-line sentinels of the mucosal immune system of the larynx. The observation that the number of cells entering the laryngeal mucosa is location-dependent indicates the ability of adjacent laryngeal regions to react differently. This is similar to the clinical observation of a selective subglottic reaction during acute laryngotracheitis.
Nurses' Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Intentions Toward Support of Breastfeeding Mothers

Fifty maternal-newborn nurses and 136 breastfeeding mothers participated in a prospective study designed to identify characteristics of nurses and external factors that influence nurses' ability to provide effective informational, technical, and emotional support to breastfeeding mothers and their infants. Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action guided the study. Using questionnaire data, multiple regression analyses revealed that the nurses'supportive behavior was best predicted by their breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes. The nurses' intentions to provide support did not influence their actual behavior. Breastfeeding knowledge deficits also were identified. Because breastfeeding knowledge is predictive of nurses’ supportive behavior, that knowledge must be accurate and complete to promote breastfeeding success and be considered helpful by the mother.
Periodic preventive health visits: a more appropriate approach to delivering preventive services: From the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.

T he annual checkup is a long-established tradition in North America. Typically this visit entails a review of the patient’s health history, medications, allergies, and organ systems, as well as a “complete” physical examination that is sometimes followed by laboratory testing and discussion of health risks, lifestyle behaviour, and social situation. These visits consume substantial time and resources. Whether or not they provide health benefts that justify this effort has been much debated.1-6 The Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination, established in 1976, was one of the first groups to use systematic methods to assess what services should be included in periodic health examinations. The frst report recommended abandoning the annual checkup7 and replacing it with age-specifc “health protection packages” that focused on the identifcation and early management of potentially preventable conditions. The role of the physical examination in preventive care was de-emphasized in favour of activities such as risk factor assessment. More recently, the College of Family Physicians of Canada in association with Choosing Wisely Canada similarly recommended that family physicians not do annual physical examinations but instead provide periodic preventive health checks.8
Spatial relationships between polymers in Sitka spruce: Proton spin-diffusion studies

Abstract The spatial arrangement of polymers in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) was investigated by NMR proton spin-diffusion studies, supplemented by deuterium-exchange experiments monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of earlywood sections after vapour-phase exchange with deuterium oxide showed that 43% of the hydroxyl groups were accessible to deuteration. This value is lower than predicted in the absence of aggregation of cellulose microfibrils into larger units, but greater than the predicted level of deuteration if 3.5-nm microfibrils surrounded by hemicellulose sheaths were aggregated into 4×4 arrays without space for deuterium oxide to penetrate between the microfibrils. The rate of proton spin diffusion between lignin and cellulose was consistent with the presence of microfibril arrays with approximately these dimensions and with lignin located outside them, in both earlywood and latewood. Proton spin-diffusion data for hemicelluloses were complicated by difficulties in assigning signals to glucomannans and xylans, but there was evidence for the spatial association of one group of hemicelluloses, including acetylated glucomannans, with cellulose surfaces, while another group of hemicelluloses was in spatial proximity to lignin. These data are consistent with a number of nanoscale models for the Sitka spruce cell wall, including a model in which glucomannans are associated with microfibril surfaces within the aggregate and water can penetrate partially between these surfaces, and one in which all non-cellulosic polymers and water are excluded from the interior of each microfibril aggregate.
Enhanced Thin-Wire Representation Models in a High-Order FDTD/TLM Method for Electrically Large Microwave Applications

A compact class of general-radius thin-wire representation models combined with a 3-D high-order finite-difference time-domain/transmission-line matrix technique is developed in this paper for realistic large-scale microwave applications. Founded on an appropriately formulated set of telegrapher's equations via an error-controllable interpolation process, the new methodology efficiently approximates propagating waves along the radial direction of the wire and subdues artificial instabilities. Furthermore, through a nonoverlapping grid discretization algorithm, the hyperbolic character of Maxwell's laws is physically preserved and lattice reflection errors are extensively minimized. So, tilted and circular-loop wires of arbitrary orientation, pertaining to mesh axes, are accurately coupled with the hybrid method. These enhanced features are successfully validated by several composite media configurations.
National, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years - United States, 2015.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that adolescents aged 11-12 years routinely receive vaccines to prevent diseases, including human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers, pertussis, and meningococcal disease (1). To assess vaccination coverage among adolescents in the United States, CDC analyzed data collected regarding 21,875 adolescents through the 2015 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen). * During 2014-2015, coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years increased for each HPV vaccine dose among males, including ≥1 HPV vaccine dose (from 41.7% to 49.8%), and increased modestly for ≥1 HPV vaccine dose among females (from 60.0% to 62.8%) and ≥1 quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) dose (from 79.3% to 81.3%). Coverage with ≥1 HPV vaccine dose was higher among adolescents living in households below the poverty level, compared with adolescents in households at or above the poverty level. (†) HPV vaccination coverage (≥1, ≥2, or ≥3 doses) increased in 28 states/local areas among males and in seven states among females. Despite limited progress, HPV vaccination coverage remained lower than MenACWY and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) coverage, indicating continued missed opportunities for HPV-associated cancer prevention.
Performance Evaluation Of Massively Distributed Microservices Based Applications

Microservice-based software architectures are a recent trend, stemming from solutions that have been designed and experimented in big software companies, that aims to support devops and agile development strategies. The main point is that software architectures, similarly to what happens in SOA, are decomposed into very elementary tasks, that can be developed, maintained and deployed in isolation by small independent teams, and that compose an application by means of simple interactions. The resulting architecture is advocated to be more maintainable, less prone to failures, more agile, but obviously impacts on performances. In this paper we provide a simulation based approach to explore the impact of microservicebased software architectures in terms of performances and dependability, given a desired configuration. Our approach aims at giving a first approximation estimation of the behavior of different classes of microservice-based applications over a given system configuration, to characterize the infrastructure from the point of view of the service provider under a randomly generated realistic overall workload: to the best of our knowledge, there is not any other analogous decision support tool available in literature.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation: an update on defects affecting the biosynthesis of dolichol‐linked oligosaccharides

Defects in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide precursor for N‐glycosylation lead to decreased occupancy of glycosylation sites and thereby to diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). In the last 20 years, approximately 1,000 CDG patients have been identified presenting with multiple organ dysfunctions. This review sets the state of the art by listing all mutations identified in the 15 genes (PMM2, MPI, DPAGT1, ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8, DOLK, DPM1, DPM3, MPDU1, and RFT1) that yield a deficiency of dolichol‐linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. The present analysis shows that most mutations lead to substitutions of strongly conserved amino acid residues across eukaryotes. Furthermore, the comparison between the different forms of CDG affecting dolichol‐linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis shows that the severity of the disease does not relate to the position of the mutated gene along this biosynthetic pathway. Hum Mutat 30:1–14, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.