Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the India, Brazil and South African (IBSA) Triangular Trading Relationship

Summary and general conclusions from the analysis Following a comprehensive examination of the most recent merchandise trade flows between the relevant countries this paper uses a computer model to look at the possible economic results from removing all merchandise 1 tariff barriers between the three partners of India, Brazil and South Africa/SACU. We have ignored the political complication of Brazil also belonging to a free trade agreement and we have not modelled the estimation and removal of non-tariff barriers, services trade or some of the more sophisticated but speculative gains from technological change or other dynamic effects. Recent research, some of which is cited in the paper, has highlighted that most of these fancier assumptions are misleading to policy makers. The IBSA agreement is potentially good for all major parties with similar welfare gains of between one to one and a half billion dollars at 2015, but with this translating into larger gains for South Africa when measured as a percentage of real GDP as South Africa has a smaller economic base to work from. The gains to South Africa are spread across the contributing factors of allocative efficiency, labour’s contribution, capital and the terms of trade gains from both (a) better relative prices between exports and imports and (b) more efficient use of capital. The biggest loser in dollar terms is the EU, with all other countries/regions except Nigeria losing. Unfortunately these losers include both Botswana and ‘rest of SACU’ or the model aggregation of Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland combined, although these losses are not high and may be misleading given that intra-SACU trade and therefore any changes in this trade will not be picked up in the model’s database given the poor quality of this trade data. Another feature of the analysis is that we have used as our base for the simulation a trade picture that includes all the known global updates, and this includes simulating the effects of the Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement with the EU in such a way that enables us to isolate these effects from the base. Results from this TDCA simulation suggest that a full and comprehensive IBSA FTA is of greater value (in fact about double the welfare gains) to South Africa than the partial TDCA as it now stands. This is mainly because (a) South Africa faces manufacturing tariffs that are modest, thus the preferences are not that significant, and, more importantly, (b) South Africa gains little preference into the highly protected European agricultural market from the TDCA. Conversely, for IBSA, South Africa
Effect of Alkali and Heat Treatment on Biomimetic HA Coating on Ti6Al4V

In this study, time of calcium phosphate formation on Ti6Al4V alloy with or without alkali and heat treatments was investigated. Specimens were soaked in 0, 5, 10 M solutions of NaOH at temperatures of 60 or 80 °C for 24, 72 h. Their surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and thin film Xray diffraction. It was found that optimum condition is 72h soaking in 5 M NaOH in 80 °C. Specimens treated under these optimum conditions were subsequently heat-treated at 500, 600, and 700 °C for 1h in order to consolidate the sodium titanate hydrogel layer. With heat treatment at 600 °C for 1h and then soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF), apatite formed within 3 days. But there were no signs of apatite formation in control samples (without alkali and heat treatment) up to 7 days soaking in SBF. So, it was concluded that alkali-heat treatment is an effective way for accelerating apatite formation and the optimum condition is 72 h soaking in 5 M NaOH solution at 80°C and then heat treatment at 600 °C resulted for 1 h.
A hand gesture-based interface for design review using leap motion controller

Computer-aided Design (CAD) has improved the original pencil and paper-based design drawing method. Designers can modify their designs using the mouse and keyboard as input devices of CAD commands. But there is a lack of design tools using a natural interface with an intuitive way for the design input. A hand gesture-based design interface is proposed in this paper for the review of CAD models in virtual environments. Leap Motion Controller is used to capture hand gestures of users to operate CAD models and model components. A template mapping method is applied in the gesture recognition for the manipulation of CAD models. Applications of the proposed interface show that the gesture input can effectively operate the model. User test results verify that the proposed system provides a natural and intuitive user experience in the CAD model manipulation compared to the traditional input method using the computer mouse and keyboard.
Do returns to education matter to schooling participation? Evidence from India

While it might be expected that demand for schooling will depend positively on the economic returns to education (ER) in the local labor market, in fact there is theoretical ambiguity about the sign of the schooling–ER relationship when households are liquidity‐constrained. Whether the relationship is positive or negative depends on which effect dominates – the positive substitution effect of an increase in ER on years of education, or the negative income effect. For India, we find a positive relationship between the rate of return to education for adults in the local labor market and school attainment of girls and non‐poor boys. The size of the effect of ER on years of education acquired is large for some groups. However, for poor boys the negative income effect dominates the positive substitution effect. Thus, while improved economic incentives for acquiring education have a positive impact on educational attainment of girls and non‐poor boys, they worsen the educational attainment of poor boys. Policy implications are discussed.
Fitness traits of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) after long-term laboratory rearing on different diets

Nutrition is one of the most important environmental factors that influence the development and growth in Drosophila. The food composition strongly affects their reproduction, welfare and survival, so it is necessary for flies to search for a mixture of macronutrients that maximizes their fitness. We have five D. melanogaster strains, which were reared for 13 years on five different substrates: standard cornmeal-agar-sugar-yeast medium and four substrates modified by adding tomato, banana, carrot and apple. This study was aimed at determining how such long-term rearing of flies on substrates with different protein content affects fitness traits (dynamics of eclosion, developmental time and egg-to-adult survival). Further, we determined how transferring flies reared on fruit/vegetable substrates to a standard laboratory diet affected their fitness. Results indicate that strains reared on the diet with the lowest content of protein and the highest C/N ratio had the slowest eclosion and developmental time, and lowest egg-to-adult survival (apple diet). The flies reared on the diet with the highest protein content and the lowest C/N ratio had the highest survival (tomato diet). Flies reared on the carrot diet, which is quite similar in protein content and C/N ratio to the standard cornmeal diet, had the fastest development. Transferring flies to the standard cornmeal diet accelerate eclosion and developmental time, but did not affect survival.
Macronutrient Analysis Of Crab Meat Analogue Made From Non-Consumable Fish With Alginate Addition

The crab meat analogue products using alginates and proteins such as soybean. A mixture of sh added alginate croslinking with calcium chloride making gel and water retention. The purpose of this study to analysis macronutrient from the effects of alginate addition to the characteristics of the crab meat analogue. The formulation was made from the combination of alginate from Sargassum sp. The formulation was applied to the surimi from silver giddy (Gerres Kapas Blkr) to make crab meat analogue with different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%). Parameters used to study the effects were moisture content, total ash, protein content, fat content, thiobarbituric acid value and sensory evaluation. The chemical analysis, moisture content, and ash content analysis showed a signi cant difference among the treatments, while the thiobarbituric acid value showed no difference among the samples. Based on sensory evaluation, the most preferred product was formula A (0.25% alginate) in terms of texture, taste, juiciness and overall acceptance with the characteristics of 2.47% ash content, 75.98% moisture content, 0.47% fat content, 12. 07% protein content, thiobarbituric acid value of 0.69 μmol/g. Keyword : crab meat analog, alginate, macronutrient, non consumable, Sargassum sp.
Platelet Derived Growth Factor-A mRNA Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects at Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one cause of death in developed countries. We investigated the quantity of platelet derived growth factor-A mRNA (PDGF-A mRNA) among four different groups of diabetic and nondiabetic Saudi subjects (n = 40) at risk of CHD. Total RNA was derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN) and PDGF-A mRNA reverse transcribed into cDNA in the presence of internal standard (cRNA) and amplified by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR). The gel was silver stained after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and PDGF-A mRNA quantitated by scanning densitometry. We demonstrate a significantly high expression of PDGF-A mRNA in hyperlipidaemic and diabetic subjects (41 Â± 4 A 104 copies/I¼g of RNA) compared to normal healthy individuals (29.3 Â± 5 A 104 copies/I¼g of RNA). These findings suggest an important role of PDGF-A mRNA in progression of CHD among diabetics.
Biometric-based Authentication Techniques for Securing Cloud Computing Data - A Survey

Cloud Computing is the most growing paradigm for delivering computational resources as a service over the internet. By 2018, many different enterprises have adopted this utility-based computing for reducing the operational and capital expenditure of building their infrastructure network, buying software licenses, hiring IT teams and other requirements. With this unlimited growth of using cloud services and the multi-tenancy nature of sharing cloud service instance between different consumers and enterprises, securing accessing to the data of the cloud became a major issue. Traditional authentication techniques and credentials does not provide enough security against the modern means of attacks. So, new biometric-based authentication techniques have been discovered to overcome the loop holes. Here we present a comprehensive survey on the existing user’s authentication techniques especially biometric-based techniques used for accessing cloud data.
Ranking important factors influencing organizational strategy in selecting distribution channels with the approach of FMCDM

Article history: Received June 10, 2013 Received in revised format 25 August 2013 Accepted September 26 2013 Available online September 28 2013 Marketing the network of organizations, including manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers, that distributes goods or services to consumers is one of the most important decisions for marketing managers and producers. In this study, we identify and prioritize the factors, which affect marketing strategy in selecting distribution channels by using fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (FMCDM). The proposed study uses Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the weights of the criteria by decision makers and marketing strategies is ranked by Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Finally, the case study within a Kaleh Company (Dairy products) is performed and the results indicate that the “diversifying product” is the most important marketing strategies considered by experts. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of some nucleoside antibiotics on morphogenetic development and synthesis of RNA and protein in Dictyostelium discoideum

Title Effects of some nucleoside antibiotics on morphogenetic development and synthesis of RNA and protein in Dictyostelium discoideum Author(s) YANAGISAWA, Miyuki; KANDA, Fusayuki; IWABUCHI, Masaki Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 5, Botany, 10(4), 231-244 Issue Date 1977 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/26349 Type bulletin (article) File Information 10(4)_P231-244.pdf
Title Systematic bias in transport model calibration arising from thevariability of linear data projection

In transportation and traffic planning studies, acc urate traffic data are required for reliable model calibration to accurately predict tr ansportation system performance and ensure better traffic planning. However, it is impractical to gather data from an entire population for such estimations because the widely used loop detec tors and other more advanced wireless sensors may be limited by various factors. Thus, ma king data inferences based on smaller populations is generally inevitable. Linear data pr ojection is a commonly and intuitively adopted method for inferring population traffic cha racteristics. It projects a sample of observable traffic quantities such as traffic count based on a set of scaling factors. However, scaling factors are subject to different types of v ariability such as spatial variability. Models calibrated based on linearly projected data that do not account for variability may introduce a systematic bias into their parameters. Such a bias is surprisingly often ignored. This paper reveals the existence of a systematic bias in model calibration caused by variability in the linear data projection. A generalized multivariate polynomial model is applied to examine the effect of this variability on model parameters. Adj ustment factors are derived and methods are proposed for detecting and removing the embedde d systematic bias. A simulation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed me thod. To illustrate the applicability of the method, case studies are conducted using real-world global positioning system data obtained from taxis. These data calibrate the Macroscopic Bu rea of Public Road function for six 1x1 km regions in Hong Kong.
Reflections on the Translatability of the Notion of Holiness

Even while I was still a student in ancient Near Eastern languages, the question of whether the notion of the “holy” is an adequate concept to apply to ancient Near Eastern religions, their world view and their cult always simmered in the back of my mind.1 Although I cannot treat the question in a comprehensive way in this article, I would like to take this opportunity to raise a few questions regarding the complicated aspect of the translatability of cultures.2 It is with real pleasure that I dedicate these considerations to Simo Parpola who, like myself, passionately pursued the question of how to approach ancient Near Eastern religions. My approach is twofold. First I survey some examples of former Biblical and ancient Near Eastern scholarship tackling the issue in order to sensitize the reader to the problem. In a second step I will take the microscopic venue and discuss the Sumerian words dadag and ku(-g) especially in the context of temple building to show how the perception and conception of the temple changed over time in the history of Mesopotamia.
A solar twin in the eclipsing binary LL Aquarii

Aims. In the course of a project to study eclipsing binary stars in vinicity of the Sun, we found that the cooler component of LL Aqr is a solar twin candidate. This is the first known star with properties of a solar twin existing in a non-interacting eclipsing binary, offering an excellent opportunity to fully characterise its physical properties with very high precision. Methods.We used extensive multi-band, archival photometry and the Super-WASP project and high-resolution spectroscopy obtained from the HARPS and CORALIE spectrographs. The spectra of both components were decomposed and a detailed LTE abundance analysis was performed. The light and radial velocity curves were simultanously analysed with the Wilson-Devinney code. The resulting highly precise stellar parameters were used for a detailed comparison with PARSEC, MESA, and GARSTEC stellar evolution models. Results. LL Aqr consists of two main-sequence stars (F9V + G3 V) with masses of M1 = 1.1949 +/- 0.0007 and M2 = 1.0337 +/- 0.0007 Msun, radii R1 = 1.321 +/- 0:006 and R2 = 1.002 +/- 0.005 Rsun, temperatures T1 = 6080 +/- 45 and T2 = 5703 +/- 50 K and solar chemical composition [M/H] = 0.02 +/- 0.05. The absolute dimensions, radiative and photometric properties, and atmospheric abundances of the secondary are all fully consistent with being a solar twin. Both stars are cooler by about 3.5sigma or less metal abundant by 5sigma than predicted by standard sets of stellar evolution models. When advanced modelling was performed, we found that full agreement with observations can only be obtained for values of the mixing length and envelope overshooting parameters that are hard to accept. The most reasonable and physically justified model fits found with MESA and GARSTEC codes still have discrepancies with observations but only at the level of 1sigma. The system is significantly younger that the Sun, with an age between 2.3 Gyr and 2.7 Gyr, which agrees well with the relatively high lithium abundance of the secondary, A(Li) = 1.65 +/- 0.10 dex.
Ekonomik Büyümenin Anlamlılığı ve Gelişmişlik: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Bu calismada, ekonomik buyumenin ulke gelisme sureci uzerindeki yeterliligi sorgulanmaktadir. Bunun icin, anlamli bir ekonomik buyumenin ozellikleri ve diger makroekonomik buyuklukler ile iliskisi ortaya konacaktir. Bu durum aciklanirken, Turkiye ekonomisi bir ornek olarak ele alinmaktadir.
Recovery of transit times and frequencies of multiple pulses via the short-time Fourier transform

In this work, we present a study to determine the transit times and frequencies of pulses by using the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). We consider the case of an acoustic signal composed of five Gaussian pulses which have a high overlapping in time but oscillate at different frequencies. We proceeded in three steps. First, we illustrate how the STFT calculated through a sliding window produces a spectrogram where transit time is on one axis and frequency on the other. Second, we derive an exact analytical solution of the STFT to develop an intuitive vision of the mathematical technique. Finally, in a third step, we present an experiment to demonstrate that the STFT is a useful technique to characterize a complex acoustical signal.
The Relationship of Brand Equity Dimensions: A Case Study of Samsung Brand in Thailand.

The marketing situation with a specific region is quite different as compared to global markets. To gain higher market share and competitiveness firms has been learning the consumers need and values. Therefore, this study induced the factors of consumer based brand equity that influence consumer-brand relationship in Thailand. For developing a strong base for consumer-brand relationship, marketing strategies must be composed of building brand awareness, perceived quality and brand image. Such relationship with brand could be developed by designing stronger brand loyal customers. This paper analyzed the variables of brand equity by considering Samsung Smartphone brand because it is the leading smart-phone firm in Thailand. The findings showed that brand awareness, perceived quality and brand image was significant statistically associated but only brand awareness was not influenced on brand loyalty. As each dimension of brand equity results can increase profitability and firm’s performance of the company, so the model of brand loyalty in this study could guide marketing strategies of Smartphone industry to create a competitive advantage and expand its consumer base in Thailand market. Thus, investors and marketers should consider their dimensions for building a strong Smartphone brand. Keywords: Brand Equity, Brand Awareness, Perceived Quality, Brand Image and Smartphone
“Green” gold nanotriangles: synthesis, purification by polyelectrolyte/micelle depletion flocculation and performance in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

The aim of this study was to develop a one-step synthesis of gold nanotriangles (NTs) in the presence of mixed phospholipid vesicles followed by a separation process to isolate purified NTs. Negatively charged vesicles containing AOT and phospholipids, in the absence and presence of additional reducing agents (polyampholytes, polyanions or low molecular weight compounds), were used as a template phase to form anisotropic gold nanoparticles. Upon addition of the gold chloride solution, the nucleation process is initiated and both types of particles, i.e., isotropic spherical and anisotropic gold nanotriangles, are formed simultaneously. As it was not possible to produce monodisperse nanotriangles with such a one-step procedure, the anisotropic nanoparticles needed to be separated from the spherical ones. Therefore, a new type of separation procedure using combined polyelectrolyte/micelle depletion flocculation was successfully applied. As a result of the different purification steps, a green colored aqueous dispersion was obtained containing highly purified, well-defined negatively charged flat nanocrystals with a platelet thickness of 10 nm and an edge length of about 175 nm. The NTs produce promising results in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.