Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Supply of Storage under Heterogeneous Expectations

Abstract Expected prices for storable commodities often lie below spot prices plus interest and marginal storage charges. Recently this gap has been explained as the value of a call option held by a representative storer whenever a positive probability exists that stocks could dwindle to zero. However, the probability of an aggregate stock-out is effectively zero in most markets most of the time. This paper presents an alternative model that explains the gap as an equilibrium between fundamentals traders and noise traders. Applications of the model suggest that rational agents make up 84 percent of the U.S. copper market, and more than 95 percent of the corn and wheat markets.
Voorop in Innovatie - Zoektocht naar innovatief vermogen in de front-end of innovation

Bij het uitvoeren van deze opdracht is onderzocht hoe Stratech op korte termijn haar presteren in de "Frond End of Innovation" structureel kan verbeteren om innovatiever op de marktvraag in te kunnen spelen met goede standaardproducten.
Avoiding environmental convergence : a possible role for sustainability experiments in latecomer countries?

Global sustainability is increasingly influenced by economic growth and social change in non-OECD countries, especially in Asia. Growth models suggest that industrializing economies will become first relatively more resource- and pollution-intensive, before becoming more resource-efficient and less polluting, following the pattern of higher-income economies. This 'environmental convergence' is assumed to parallel economic convergence during processes of catching-up by latecomer countries. To accelerate environmental convergence, or to achieve pathways of 'green growth', greater emphasis needs to be placed on sustainable innovation and capability-building in latecomer countries. Drawing on insights from system innovation research on long-run change in socio-technical systems, we discuss the potential role of 'sustainability experiments' to generate innovations that will constitute new 'greener' growth models. We observe a great number of sustainability- oriented innovation initiatives in latecomer countries. We set out a conceptual framework for assessing the role of experiments, and for evaluating how they link with and become anchored in alternative more sustainable regimes. We argue that sustainability experiments represent a potentially significant new source of innovation and capability-formation, linked to global knowledge and technology flows, which could influence emergent socio-technical regimes and thereby contribute to alternative development pathways.
Kochen-Specker Theorem and Games

One of the statements one would hear pretty early in any quantum mechanics course is that for quantum particles there are properties which do not have definite values. For example, if we measure |+〉 in standard basis, the best we can do to describe the outcome is to say, that with probability 1/2 we will get 0 and with probability 1/2 we will get 1. Yet one could wonder, is this really the way things are or is it just because our description of this quantum particle is incomplete, but in fact there are some hidden variables inside every quantum system that contain enough information to tell the outcome of measurement (see Fig. 1). However, many people disdain the idea of hidden variables, so there has been rather long history of theorems that forbid theories involving hidden variables. Usually if one wants to prove some no hidden variables theorem he has to assume something about the hidden variables theories he is going to forbid. One of such assumptions is non-contextuality, which means that the outcome we get after measuring with an observable is the same regardless of what other observables we choose to measure at the same time. The first theorem forbidding hidden variables theories is due to von Neumann in 1932. Then for a third of a century everyone cited von Neumann’s work carelessly, till Bell in 1966 indicated that there was an unreasonable assumption in von Neumann’s proof and urged for further examination of the problem (see [6] and [1] for more historical details). Bell also constructed a hidden variables model for one qubit that could assign the outcome of any observable in a way consistent with quantum mechanics. He also proved two theorems that forbid non-contextual hidden variables theories using counterexamples with larger quantum systems. Yet surprisingly he himself thought that hidden variables do exists and considered these theorems only as characterizations of the hidden variables theory we should look for. In this essay we will discuss several versions of one of the two Bell’s theorems. The theorem we will consider was also independently proven by Kochen and Specker in 1967 (see [5]), hence it is called Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem. For shortness and in order not to mix this theorem with another Bell’s theorem from now on we will refer to it as Kochen-Specker theorem. We will be interested in proving several versions of this theorem and the following lemma will turn out to be of great use:
The chemical diversity of exo-terrestrial planetary debris around white dwarfs

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ultraviolet spectroscopy of the white dwarfs PG 0843+516, PG 1015+161, SDSS 1228+1040, and GALEX 1931+0117, which accrete circumstellar planetary debris formed from the destruction of asteroids. Combined with optical data, a minimum of five and a maximum of 11 different metals are detected in their photospheres. With metal sinking time-scales of only a few days, these stars are in accretion/diffusion equilibrium, and the photospheric abundances closely reflect those of the circumstellar material. We find C/Si ratios that are consistent with that of the bulk Earth, corroborating the rocky nature of the debris. Their C/O values are also very similar to those of bulk Earth, implying that the planetary debris is dominated by Mg and Fe silicates. The abundances found for the debris at the four white dwarfs show substantial diversity, comparable at least to that seen across different meteorite classes in the Solar system. PG 0843+516 exhibits significant overabundances of Fe and Ni, as well as of S and Cr, which suggests the accretion of material that has undergone melting, and possibly differentiation. PG 1015+161 stands out by having the lowest Si abundance relative to all other detected elements. The Al/Ca ratio determined for the planetary debris around different white dwarfs is remarkably similar. This is analogous to the nearly constant abundance ratio of these two refractory lithophile elements found among most bodies in the Solar system. Based on the detection of all major elements of the circumstellar debris, we calculate accretion rates of ≃1.7 × 108 to ≃1.5 × 109 g s−1. Finally, we detect additional circumstellar absorption in the Si IV 1394, 1403 A doublet in PG 0843+516 and SDSS 1228+1040, reminiscent to similar high-ionization lines seen in the HST spectra of white dwarfs in cataclysmic variables. We suspect that these lines originate in hot gas close to the white dwarf, well within the sublimation radius.
AN INVESTIGATION OF ON-CHIP ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO ENERGY HARVESTING APPLICATIONS

The way a certain antenna operates is highly dependent on the dielectric medium in which it is placed. Dielectric media can be characterized by their dielectric constant, which is also called relative permittivity. When no electric field is applied, the positive and negative charges of the dielectric molecules are evenly distributed. Application of an electric field disrupts this balance and results in the creation of dipoles. The number of dipoles that are created is proportional to the permittivity of the dielectric. Permittivity is a measure of the sensitivity of the material to an applied electric field. Stated another way, permittivity is a measure of how much energy can be stored in the electric field.This thesis reports the research on several types of on-the-chip antennas such as a rectangular spiral and a rectangular patch. The characteristics of these antennas that are useful to Energy Harvesting are analyzed and the effects of permittivity changes in the dielectrics surrounding the antenna are studied.
Real-time hydraulic interval state estimation for water transport networks: a case study

Abstract. Hydraulic state estimation in water distribution networks is the task of estimating water flows and pressures in the pipes and nodes of the network based on some sensor measurements. This requires a model of the network as well as knowledge of demand outflow and tank water levels. Due to modeling and measurement uncertainty, standard state estimation may result in inaccurate hydraulic estimates without any measure of the estimation error. This paper describes a methodology for generating hydraulic state bounding estimates based on interval bounds on the parametric and measurement uncertainties. The estimation error bounds provided by this method can be applied to determine the existence of unaccounted-for water in water distribution networks. As a case study, the method is applied to a modified transport network in Cyprus, using actual data in real time.
A Novel Mechanism of Face Recognition Using Stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis and Linear Vector Quantization Classifiers

Face recognition is a hard and special case of computer vision and pattern recognition. It is a challenging problem due to various kinds of variations of face images. This paper proposes a robust face recognition system. Here stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA) is used for the feature extraction and Linear Vector Quantization (LVQ) Classifier is used for face recognition. The main focus of SWLDA is to select localized features from the face. In order to increase the low-between-class variance and to reduce within-class-variance among different expression classes and use F-test value through which results are analyzed. In recognition, firstly face is detected using canny edge detection method, after face detection SWLDA is employed to extract the face features, and end linear vector quantization is applied for face recognition. To achieve optimum results and increase the robustness of the proposed system, experiments are performed on various different samples of face image, which consist of face image with the different pose and facial expression in order to validate the system, we use two famous datasets which include Yale and ORL face database.
Comparison of Tube Formability in Electromagnetic Forming and High speed hydroforming

Abstract: Electromagnetic forming and high speed hydroforming are two new methods of tube formin. In this research, the results of expansion forming of tubes using electromagnetic forming and high speed hydroforming are compared by numerical modeling. In this study, firstly, the results of numerical solution of electromagnetic forming process in ABAQUS software are compared with experimental test results of other references. Then, results of numerical solution of high speed hydroforming in Abaqus software are compared with experimental test results. Finally, these forming methods are compared with each other in terms of displacement and thickness distribution. There is good agreement on bulge tip displacement results obtained by experimental tests and the results of numerical simulation. The results show that forming and deformation of electromagnetic forming process has been far faster than high speed hydroforming. However, a high speed hydroforming can be used in applications such as fitting of rings on tubes instead of electromagnetic forming. Keywords: Electromagnetic Forming, high speed Hydroforming, Finite Element Analysis
Running head: MORALS USA Moral Concerns across the United States: Associations with Life-history Variables, Pathogen Prevalence, Urbanization, Cognitive Ability, and Social Class

This study evaluated the extent to which predictions derived from several theories could account for variability in human moral values across US states. We investigated moral values as conceptualized by Moral Foundations Theory, which argues that morality evolved in response to adaptive challenges in at least five domains: Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, Purity/sanctity ("binding" foundations) and Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity ("individualizing" foundations). We report correlations for measures of cognitive ability, social class, urbanization, pathogen prevalence, life expectancy, and teenage birth rates. Social class and educational attainment had fairly consistent but small effects across moral foundations (social class: positively associated with Ingroup/loyalty, negatively with individualizing foundations and Purity/sanctity; education: positively associated with individualizing foundations, negatively with binding foundations). We conducted multilevel regressions that were stratified for ethnicity. The most consistent state-level predictor of moral values was teenage birth rates (negatively associated with individualizing foundations, positively with binding foundations). This suggests that life-history theory may provide an explanation for individual differences in moral values, although the directions of effects for teenage birth rates diverged from predictions of life-history theory. We conclude that none of the tested theories provides a good explanation for the observed variability in moral values in the USA. We discuss how a life-history approach might account for the findings, and note the need for improved measurement of pathogen stress to better distinguish its effects from those of life-history variables.
Epidemiology of stroke in the elderly in the Nordic countries. Incidence, survival, prevalence and risk factors.

Objective : To review what is known at present with respect to incidence, survival, risk factors and prevalence among the elderly stroke patients in the Nordic countries. Method: This article is based mainly on literature identified through search engines (Mc Master Plus, Cochrane Library, Medline and PubMed), restricted to first-ever stroke in Nordic population-based studies and having applied to the standard WHO definition, a prospective study design and no upper age limit. Results : Data from the Nordic countries show an incidence rate of 1250 to 1796/100 000 in the age group 75-84, and 1628 to 2234 in those above 85 years. The incidence rates are higher among men, but women are expected to contribute more to incident cases due to their higher life expectancy. If the age-specific incidence of stroke remains stable, the proportion of stroke patients aged 80 years and older may reach 50% in a few decades. The elderly stroke patients have a higher 30-days case fatality, and a higher risk of dependency. Better treatment of stroke patients has improved the survival over the last two decades. The prevalence is expected to increase due to the decrease in lethality, a slower fall in incidence and a higher proportion of elderly. Cardiovascular risk factors increase with age. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke mortality in the elderly. Cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation is the most common stroke subtype in the elderly. Lifestyle risk factors are less prevalent in the older stroke patients. Conclusion : The growing proportion of elderly stroke patients is a major challenge for future stroke care. The elderly stroke patients have a different risk factor profile compared to younger stroke patients. Treatment should focus on regaining independency. The age-specific epidemiology of stroke needs to be studied further in large studies in order to plan for future health care.
Concept of a Method for Change Detection in Topobathymetric Point Clouds

Change detection of 3D point clouds is addressed in multiple research projects. This paper introduces a concept for change detection in topobathymetric point clouds based on topobathymetric full waveform laser scanner data. Airborne laser data with a green laser not only includes hard targets or volumes, given e.g. by vegetation, but also points from the water surface, underwater inhomogeneity and river ground. Challenge of the intended work is to detect changes in waterbeds, in the water level or calculate the morphodynamic of rivers. The change detection in topobathymetric point clouds requires pre-processing like the coregistration of multi temporal point clouds, segmentation and classification. A concept for the processing chain is proposed. First results of the segmentation by region growing are shown of the test site of the river Mangfall in Bavaria, Germany.
English Compounds with ing-form heads

This paper investigates the properties of compounds with right-hand elements that have the form of present-participles, i.e. ing-forms. After a survey of the recent literature on argumental relations in compounds in which the ing-form is an event nominalisation, the paper looks at compounds embedded before another noun. Evidence from attested patterns is used to argue that argumental relations in such sequences can be explained via the embedding of different constructions.
Dissolved organic matter ( DOM ) in the open Mediterranean Sea . II : Basin – wide distribution and drivers of fl uorescent DOM

Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the Mediterranean Sea was analysed by excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis during the cruise HOTMIX 2014. A 4–component model, including 3 humic–like and 1 protein–like compounds, was obtained. To decipher the environmental factors that dictate the distributions of these components, we run generalized additive models (GAMs) in the epipelagic layer and an optimum multiparametric (OMP) water masses analysis in the meso– and bathypelagic layers. In the epipelagic layer, apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and temperature presented the most significant effects on the variability of the marine humic-like peak M fluorescence, suggesting that its distribution was controlled by the net community respiration of organic matter and photobleaching. On the contrary, the variability of the soil humic-like peak E and the protein–like peak T fluorescence was explained mainly by the prokaryotic heterotrophic abundance, which decreased eastwards. In the meso– and bathypelagic layers, water mass mixing and basin–scale mineralization processes explained> 72% and 63% of the humic–like and protein–like fluorescence variability, respectively. When analysing the two basins separately, the OMP model offered a better explanation of the distribution of fluorescence in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, as expected from the reduced biological activity in this ultra–oligotrophic basin. Furthermore, while western Mediterranean deep waters display the usual trend in the global ocean (increase of humic–like fluorescence and decrease of protein–like fluorescence with higher AOU values), the eastern Mediterranean deep waters presented an opposite trend. Different initial fluorescence intensities of the water masses that mix in the eastern basin, with Adriatic and Aegean origins, seem to be behind this contrasting pattern. The analysis of the transect–scale mineralization processes corroborate this hypothesis, suggesting a production of humic–like and a consumption of protein–like fluorescence in parallel with water mass ageing. Remarkably, the transect–scale variability of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorbing at the excitation wavelength of the humic–like peak M indicates an unexpected loss with increasing AOU, which suggests that the consumption of the non–fluorescent fraction of CDOM absorbing at that wavelength exceeded the production of the fluorescent fraction
Daily changes of the phaeoplast arrangement in the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma as studied in field experiments

Daily variations of the phaeoplast arrangements in cortical cells of Dictyota dichotorna were investigated in field experiments carried out at Helgoland (North Sea). Thallus transmittance changes caused by phaeoplast movements were used as a measure and determined with a microphotometer. The transmittance of samples exposed to daylight in the sea was measured every hour; as reference the transmittance level of the low intensity arrangement was used. In addition photomicrographs of the corresponding phaeoplast arrangement were taken. To investigate the dependence of the phaeoplast arrangement on water depth, several thalli were exposed at different depths and measured at noon. Results of earlier laboratory experiments were comparable to present results obtained in the natural habitat. According to the time of day the phaeoplasts were in the low intensity arrangement at low fluence rates and in the high intensity arrangement at high fluence rates, although the thalli were floating and, hence, continuously changed their orientation to the light direction. Down to a depth of 4 m the phaeoplasts moved to the high intensity arrangement at noon. At greater depths fluence rates were too low to induce t h s movement. Transient changes in the fluence rate of daylight caused by cloud cover did not induce significant changes of the phaeoplast position.
Introduction: Nomadic Concepts—Biological Concepts and Their Careers beyond Biology

Th is article introduces a collection of studies of biological concepts crossing over to other disciplines and nonscholarly discourses. Th e introduction discusses the notion of nomadic concepts as introduced by Isabelle Stengers and explores its usability for conceptual history. Compared to traveling (Mieke Bal) and interdisciplinary (Ernst Muller) concepts, the idea of nomadism shift s the attention from concepts themselves toward the mobility of a concept and its eff ects. Th e metaphor of nomadism, as outlined in the introduction, helps also to question the relation between concepts’ movement and the production of boundaries. In this way conceptual history can profi t from interaction with translation studies, where similar processes were recently discussed under the notion of cultural translation.
Heat shock and plant leachates regulate seed germination of the endangered carnivorous plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum

Abstract. In fire-prone ecosystems, many plant species have specialized mechanisms of seed dormancy that ensure a successful recruitment after fire. A well-documented mechanism is the germination stimulated by fire-related cues, such as heat shock and smoke. However, less is known about the role of inhibitory germination signals (e.g. allelopathy) in regulating post-fire recruitment. Plant leachates derived from the unburned vegetation can enforce dormancy by means of allelopathic compounds, acting as a signal of unfavourable (highly competitive) niche for germination in pyrophyte species. Here, we assessed the separate effects of heat shock and plant leachates on seed germination of Drosophyllum lusitanicum, an endangered carnivorous plant endemic to Mediterranean fire-prone heathlands. We performed a germination experiment in which seeds were subjected to three treatments: (1) 5 min at 100 ∘ C, (2) watering with plant leachate, and (3) control. Germination rate and seed viability was determined after 63 days. Heat shock stimulated seed germination in D. lusitanicum while plant leachates had inhibitory germination effects without reducing seed viability. Thus, both positive and negative signals could be involved in its successful post-fire recruitment. Fire would break seed dormancy and stimulate seed germination of D. lusitanicum through high temperatures, but also by eliminating allelochemical compounds from the soil. These results help to understand the population dynamics patterns found for D. lusitanicum in natural populations, and highlight the role of fire in the ecology and conservation of this endangered species. Seed dormancy imposed by plant-derived leachates as an adaptive mechanism should be considered more in fire ecology theory.