Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reelin Regulates Neuronal Progenitor Migration in Intact and Epileptic Hippocampus

Dentate granule cell (DGC) neurogenesis persists throughout life in the mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus and increases after epileptogenic insults. The DGC layer in human and experimental mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) often shows abnormal dispersion and the appearance of hilar-ectopic DGCs. In the pilocarpine mTLE model, hilar-ectopic DGCs arise as a result of an aberrant chain migration of neural progenitors. Reelin is a secreted migration guidance cue that persists in the adult rodent and human hippocampus. We tested the hypothesis that loss of Reelin in the epileptic dentate gyrus leads to aberrant chain migration of DGC precursors. We found that interneuron subsets typically lost in human and experimental mTLE express Reelin, and DGC progenitors express the downstream Reelin signaling molecule Disabled 1 (Dab1). Prolonged seizures decreased Reelin immunoreactivity in the adult rat dentate gyrus and increased Dab1 expression in hilar-ectopic neuroblasts. Exogenous Reelin increased detachment of chain-migrating neuroblasts in dentate gyrus explants, and blockade of Reelin signaling increased chain migration. These findings suggest that Reelin modulates DGC progenitor migration to maintain normal DGC integration in the neonatal and adult mammalian dentate gyrus. Loss of Reelin expression in the epileptic adult hippocampus, moreover, likely contributes to ectopic chain migration and aberrant integration of newborn DGCs.
Imaging OmpR Binding to Native Chromosomal Loci in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Previously, an unexplained subcellular localization was reported for a functional fluorescent protein fusion to the response regulator OmpR in Escherichia coli. The pronounced regions of increased fluorescence, or foci, are dependent on OmpR phosphorylation and do not occupy fixed, easily identifiable positions, such as the poles or mid-cell. Here we show that the foci are due to OmpR-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) fusion binding to specific sites in the chromosome. To identify positions of foci and quantify their fluorescence intensity, we used a simple system to tag virtually any chromosomal location with arrays of lacO or tetO. The brightest foci colocalize with the OmpR-regulated gene ompF, which is strongly expressed under our growth conditions. When we increased OmpR-YFP phosphorylation by stimulating the EnvZ/OmpR system with procaine, we observed a small increase in OmpR-YFP fluorescence at ompF and a significant increase at the OmpR-regulated gene ompC. This supports a model of hierarchical binding of OmpR to the ompF and ompC promoters. Our results explain the inhomogeneous distribution of OmpR-YFP fluorescence in cells and further demonstrate that for a transcription factor expressed at wild-type levels, binding to native sites in the chromosome can be imaged and quantified by fluorescence microscopy.
Reduction of morbidity in interhospital transport by specialized pediatric staff

ObjectiveWe prospectively compared the occurrence of morbidity during high-risk interhospital transport in two types of transport systems: specialized tertiary center-based vs. nonspecialized, referring hospital-based. DesignConcurrent, prospective comparison of morbidity at two pediatric centers that use different types of transport team. SettingTwo tertiary care pediatric intensive care units (ICU). The specialized team consisted of a pediatric resident, pediatric intensive care nurse, and a pediatric respiratory therapist. Comparison was made with referring institution transports by nonspecialized personnel to a second center. The two centers were similar in size and patient mix, with referral areas of similar population and rural/urban ratio. PatientsOne hundred forty-one patients transported to two tertiary pediatric ICUs. InterventionsNone. Measurements and Main ResultsTwo types of events were assessed: vital signs and other observable clinical events were described as “physiologic deteriorations. ” Events such as loss of intravenous access, endotracheal tube mishaps, and exhaustion of oxygen supply were described as “intensive care-related adverse events. ” Pretransport severity of illness and therapy were described by Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRIoM) and Iherapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) scores. Only high-risk patients with PRISM scores of >10 were analyzed.Intensive care-related adverse events occurred in one (2%) of 49 transports by the specialized team and 18 (20%) of 92 transports by nonspecialized personnel. The difference is statistically significant (p < .05). Physiologic deterioration was similar in the two groups occurring in five (11%) of 47 specialized team transports and 11 (12%) of 92 transports by the nonspecialized team. ConclusionWe conclude that specialized pediatric teams can reduce transport morbidity. This is the first published study to compare two models of pediatric transport using identical definitions of severity and morbidity. (Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1186–1191)
A Matter of Timing

A regulatory circuit controlling plant flowering genes leads the way to reconstruction of a time-delay control system. Plants flower only when their developmental programs give the go-ahead; otherwise, floral genes remain repressed. Sun et al. (see the Perspective by Zhang) analyzed the regulatory program that controls expression of the transcription factor KNUCKLES (KNU), which is required in the control of floral genes. KNU expression was silenced by the presence of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. The floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS competed for control of KNU and activated its expression, but with a 2-day lag time. Thus, eviction of PcG by activating DNA-binding proteins can insert a lag time before a switch in gene expression takes place. B. Sun, L. -S. Looi, S. Guo, Z. He, E. -S. Gan, J. Huang, Y. Xu, W. -Y. Wee, T. Ito, Timing mechanism dependent on cell division is invoked by Polycomb eviction in plant stem cells. Science 343, 1248559 (2014). [Abstract] [Full Text] X. Zhang, Delayed gratification—Waiting to terminate stem cell identity. Science 343, 498-499 (2014). [Abstract] [Full Text]
Design of Millimeter Wave Hybrid Beamforming Systems

Millimeter wave (mmWave) signals experience a significant path-loss in free space. To overcome this weakness, a large number of antennas are needed to obtain a high beamforming gain. Although a large number of antennas can be implemented in small area due to the short wavelength, the digital beamforming techniques cannot be implemented easily due to the high complexity of hardwares. To solve this problem, the hybrid beamforming systems which have smaller number of radio frequency (RF) chains are proposed in the literature. Although the hybrid beamforming systems may achieve the spectral efficiencies of the digital beamforming systems closely, the spectral efficiency cannot be monotonically increase along with the number of data streams due to the limited scattering in mmWave channel. In this paper, we provide a guide for the design of mmWave hybrid beamforming systems. We find the optimal number of streams, and present the spectral efficiency achievable region in which the system guarantees the reliable communications with the lowest cost.
Pd-coated Cu wire bonding technology: Chip design, process optimization, production qualification and reliability test for high reliability semiconductor devices

Due to the increasing cost of Au, the semiconductor industry has gone through a dramatic shift away from Au wire bonding to Cu wire bonding. Pd-coated Cu (PdCu) wire has become the favored wire choice over bare Cu wire for fine pitch applications. The advantages of PdCu wire include better HAST reliability results and a more stable stitch bond process window. This paper will examine the critical aspect of bringing Cu and PdCu wire technology from chip design to wire bonding process development to qualification, reliability test and final production. Chip design needs to take into consideration the requirement of Cu wire bonding. Compared to Au wire bonding, Cu wire bonding has many more challenges including pad material push out (pad splash), Al layer peel off (pad peel) and crack in the barrier and dielectric layer (pad crack). This paper considers the impact of various pad structures & metallization to PdCu wire assembly quality and reliability. Because of the unique challenges facing Cu wire bonding processes, wire bonding process development becomes one of the bottlenecks in the assembly process. To shorten the development cycle and ease the requirement for extensive Design Of Experiments (DOEs), a new model based approach was developed and implemented on the latest Cu wire bonder. With this approach, the bonding parameters are calculated based on numerical models. It reduces the need for parameter optimization. This paper will also discuss how modifications and newly developed metrology tools are used in the optimization of PdCu wire. Because of the narrow process window in Cu and PdCu wire bonding, achieving reliable production and high yields requires the process to have a sustainable process window and be portable and transferable to multiple machines and be robust across material variations commonly encountered in a production environment. This paper examines the methods used in quantifying process windows and portability of the wire bonding equipment to ensure high reliability for the end product. Development and optimization of PdCu wire bonding requires a fundamental understanding of interfacial reaction in bonds during both bonding and reliability tests, as proper formation of intermetallic compounds is beneficial to bonding strength. While the knowledge of intermetallic growth in bare copper wire bonds on aluminum has become well established in the past five years, there is little literature in terms of the morphology and growth of intermetallic phase between PdCu wire and Al pad. This paper ascertains the intermetallic growth and phase transformation, retention of aluminum oxide, and behavior of palladium in PdCu wire bonds using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) thinned specimens.
Cómo se determina el costo de capital de las empresas sujetas a Regulación Tarifaria en el Perú

Este articulo muestra las principales metodologias para la estimacion del costo de capital de negocios regulados y su aplicacion reciente en la determinacion de tarifas de empresas de servicios publicos e infraestructuras de transporte en el Peru. Una de las metodologias para la estimacion del costo es el WaCC, que es una medida del costo de financiamiento de una empresa, ya sea a traves de aportes de capital de inversionistas o a traves del endeudamiento. Por otro lado, se hace mencion a la funcion que cumplen los reguladores de telecomunicaciones (OSIPTEL), agua y saneamiento (SUNASS) e infraestructura de transporte de uso publico (OSITRAN), de determinar el costo de capital aplicable a la regulacion de empresas telefonica del Peru, sedaPaL y LaP, respectivamente; siendo que, en la practica regulatoria peruana reciente, es posible identificar algunas similitudes cuanto a la forma en que los reguladores calculan el WACC de las empresas que regulan.
Mechanical properties of compacts and particles that control tableting success.

The use and limitations of linear-elasticity equations for describing mechanical properties of compacts is discussed; the limitations occur because compacts are porous, viscoelastic, nonhomogeneous, Mohr bodies. Awareness of these properties permits meaningful comparisons to be made. Ignoring limitations may result in unjustified conclusions. Special care during measuring mechanical properties of compacts is required. The mechanical criteria for a successful formulation are good flowability for powders and adequate strength without fracture for compacts. Interparticle attraction is spontaneous but particle contact numbers and size are limited by mechanical preclusion. Plastic deformation and fracture mechanics are controlling mechanisms with the magnitude of elastic constants having little effect on the successful processing. General compaction characteristics can be appraised by using combinations of properties, e.g., specific tableting indices.
Alcoholic thrombocytopenia in three inpatient drinking alcoholics.

Three known alcoholics without medical complications were given alcohol ad lib. Platelets were counted periodically during and following the period of drinking. There was an initial transient decline in platelet levels. A more gradual decline then occurred after the second day. Upon cessation of drinking there was a slow recovery of platelet values. None of the subjects showed evidence of liver disease, folate deficiency, or intravascular coagulation. The results suggest that alcohol has a direct effect on platelet turnover.
FAO Fisheries Circular No . 1008 FIPL / C 1008 ( En ) SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES : ASSESSING THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Traditionally, the contribution, role and importance of small-scale fisheries have often been described in thematic terms such as economic, social, employment and source of food. However, the contributions of small-scale fisheries are often interlinked and interdependent and some of their major contributions lie at the interface between these themes/sectors rather than within each. Also some of the major contributions to small-scale fisheries result from the synergies between various domains particularly economic and social aspects as conventionally recognized. In keeping with the vision for small-scale fisheries as proposed by the Advisory Committee on Fisheries Research (ACFR) Working Party on Small-scale Fisheries, it would seem appropriate to give in any such analysis due regard to the evolving concepts of food security, poverty alleviation, rural and economic development as well as the environmental and cultural dimensions of small-scale fisheries. The analysis incorporates these various concepts and moves away from the more conventional sector type or thematic approach.
[Vascular access models cause heterogeneous results in the centres of one community].

INTRODUCTION Vascular access (VA) is the main difficulty in our hemodialysis Units and there is not adequate update data in our area. PURPOSE To describe the vascular access management models of the Autonomous Community of Madrid and to analyze the influence of the structured models in the final results. MATERIAL AND METHODS Autonomous multicenter retrospective study. Models of VA monitoring, VA distribution 2007-2008, thrombosis rate, salvage surgery and preventive repair are reviewed. The centers are classified in three levels by the evaluation the Nephrology Departments make of their Surgery and Radiology Departments and the existence of protocols, and the ends are compared. MAIN VARIABLES Type distribution of VA. VA thrombosis rate, preventive repair and salvage surgery. RESULTS Data of 2.332 patients were reported from 35 out of 36 centers. Only 19 centers demonstrate database and annual evaluation of the results. Seventeen centers have multidisciplinary structured protocols. Forty-four point eight percent of the patients started dialysis by tunneled catheter (TC). Twenty-nine point five percent received dialysis by TC in December-08 vs 24.7% in December-07. Forty-four point seven percent of TC were considered final VA due to non-viable surgery, 27% are waiting for review or surgery more than 3 months. For rates study data from 27 centers (1.844 patients) were available. Native AVF and graft-AVF thrombosis rates were 10.13 and 39.91 respectively. Centers with better valued models confirmed better results in all markers: TC rates, 24.2 vs 34.1 %, p: 0.002; native AVF thrombosis rate 5.3 vs 10.7 %; native AVF preventive repair 14.5 vs 10.2%, p: 0.17; Graft- AVF thrombosis rate 19.8 vs 44.4%, p: 0.001; Graft-AVF preventive repair 83.2 vs 26.2, p < 0.001. They also have less patients with TC as a final option (32.2 vs 45.3) and less patients with TC waiting for review or surgery more than 3 months (2.8 vs 0). LIMITS Seventy-five percent of patients were reached for the analysis of thrombosis rate. Results are not necessarily extrapolated. CONCLUSIONS For the first time detailed data are available. TC use is elevated and increasing. Guidelines objectives are not achieved. The difference of results observed in different centers of the same public health area; make it necessary to reevaluate the various models of care and TC follow-up.
A SPEA2 based planning framework for optimal integration of distributed generations

The paper presents a multi-objective optimization method for analysing the best mix of renewable and nonrenewable distributed generations (DG) in a distribution network. The method aims at minimising the total cost of the real power generation, line losses and CO2 emissions, and maximising the benefits from DG installations over a planning horizon of 20 years. The paper proposes new objective functions that take into account the longevity of DG operations as one of its selection criteria. The analysis utilises the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2) for optimization and MATPOWER for solving the optimal power flow problems.
'Soya milk Tris-based phytoextender reduces apoptosis in cryopreserved buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa'.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of newly developed soya milk Tris (SMT)-based phytoextender as an alternative to egg yolk Tris (EYT) extender used for cryopreservation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa on apoptosis. Fresh buffalo semen (control without dilution) was cryopreserved in conventional EYT (20% egg yolk v/v in Tris) and SMT (25% soya milk v/v in Tris) extender and used for the assessment of expression of apoptotic proteins. Proteins extracted from a total number of nine ejaculates from three individual buffalo bulls chosen at random were separated using SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting against caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). In addition, fluorescence microscopy was used for the detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 assay) and apoptotic cells (annexin V-FITC/PI assay). The results obtained clearly indicate the significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the expression of caspase-3 (27 kDa), caspase-8 (53 kDa), caspase-9 (50 kDa) precursor and cytochrome c (17 kDa) in semen cryopreserved in SMT extender in comparison with EYT extender. A non-significant (p > 0.05) reduction in expression of PARP-DNA-binding subunit (24 kDa) was observed in SMT extender. No expression of AIF was found in cryopreserved semen samples. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the mean percentage of cells having high mitochondrial membrane potential and a non-significant (p > 0.05) decrease in late apoptotic cells (AN+/PI+) was observed in SMT extender when compared to EYT extender. The results demonstrated that cryopreservation of buffalo semen in SMT-based phytoextender can replace the traditional egg yolk extenders as it reduces the expression of apoptotic proteins maintaining high mitochondrial membrane potential and gives better protection to sperms in terms of its non-animal origin.
Assessing Motor Performance with PCA

Information about the motor performance, i.e. how well an activity is performed, is valuable information for a variety of novel applications in Activity Recognition (AR). Its assessment represents a significant challenge, as requirements depend on the specific application. We develop an approach to quantify one aspect that many domains share – the efficiency of motion – that has implications for signals from body-worn or pervasive sensors, as it influences the inherent complexity of the recorded multi-variate time-series. Based on the energy distribution in PCA we infer a single, normalised metric that is intimately linked to signal complexity and allows comparison of (subject-specific) time-series. We evaluate the approach on artificially distorted signals and apply it to a simple kitchen task to show its applicability to real-life data streams.
Agricultural Instruction In The Middle School

The W. K. Kellogg Foundation (1984) reported that there were few issues of greater importance to the world than adequate food supplies, proper food use, and the knowledge of the components of the agricultural industry. Yet according to a study conducted by the Kansas State Center for Extended Services and Studies, less than 30% of 2000 elementary, junior, and senior high students surveyed gave correct answers to relatively basic agricultural questions (Horn and Vining. 1986). As stated by Law (1990):
Label-Free Immunodetection in High Ionic Strength Solutions Using Carbon Nanotube Transistors with Nanobody Receptors

Nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have been proposed for real-time, label-free detection of various biological species. However, screening of the analyte charge by electrolyte ions (Debye screening) has so far limited their use in physiological samples. Here, this challenge is overcome by combining FETs based on single-walled semiconducting carbon nanotube networks (SWCNTs) with a novel surface functionalization comprising: (1) short nanobody receptors, and (2) a polyethylene glycol layer (PEG). Nanobodies are stable, easy-to-produce, short biological receptors (~2–4 nm) that enable analyte binding closer to the sensor surface. The addition of PEG enhances the signal in high ionic strength environment. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model antigen, high selectivity and sub-picomolar detection limit with a dynamic range exceeding 4 orders of magnitude is demonstrated in physiological solutions. The presented immunoassay is fast, label-free, does not require any sample pre-treatment or washing steps.
Prognostic significance of transient ischemic episodes: response to treatment shows improved prognosis. Results of the Total Ischemic Burden Bisoprolol Study (TIBBs) follow-up.

OBJECTIVES The Total Ischemic Burden Bisoprolol Study (TIBBS) follow-up examined cardiac event rates in relation to transient ischemia and its treatment. BACKGROUND It is unclear whether transient ischemia on the ambulatory electrocardiogram has prognostic implications in stable angina and whether medical treatment can improve the prognosis. METHODS The TIBBS trial was an 8-week, randomized, controlled comparison of the effects of bisoprolol and nifedipine on transient ischemic episodes in patients with stable angina pectoris. Of the 545 patients screened, 520 (95.4%) could be followed up. Rates of cardiac and noncardiac death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, hospital admission for unstable angina and need for coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were recorded. RESULTS A total of 145 events occurred in 120 (23.1%) of 520 patients. Patients with more than six episodes had an event rate of 32.5% compared with 25.0% for patients with two to six episodes and 13.2% for patients with less than two episodes (p < 0.001). Hard events (death, acute myocardial infarction, hospital admission for unstable angina pectoris) were more frequent in patients with two or more ischemic episodes (12.2% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.0049). Patients with a 100% response rate of transient ischemic episodes during the TIBBS trial had a 17.5% event rate at 1 year compared with 32.3% for non-100% responders (p = 0.008). Patients receiving bisoprolol during the TIBBS tria had a lower event rate (22.1%) at 1 year than patients randomized to nifedipine (33.1%, p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS In patients with stable angina pectoris, frequent episodes of transient ischemia are a marker for an increased event rate. A 100% response to medical treatment reduces the event rate. The greater reduction of ischemia with bisoprolol than nifedipine during the TIBBS trial translated into an improved outcome at 1 year.