Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maryland Dentists’ Knowledge of Oral Cancer Risk Factors and Diagnostic Procedures

A questionnaire was mailed to 800 Maryland general practice dentists to assess their knowledge of risk factors and diagnostic procedures for oral cancer. Two indices were created based on 14 questions on knowledge of oral cancer risk factors and 9 questions on oral cancer diagnostic procedures. Data were analyzed statistically and evaluated with an alpha level of 0.05. Nearly all respondents identified use of tobacco, prior oral cancer lesions, and use of alcohol as risk factors. However, only 36% correctly identified that poor-fitting dentures are not a risk factor and 58% that poor oral hygiene is not a risk factor. Nearly 87% knew how to examine the tongue and surrounding areas, and 32% identified erythroplakia and leukoplakia as conditions associated with oral cancer. Appropriate knowledge about risk factors and diagnostic procedures is essential for dentists to counsel their patients and perform appropriate oral cancer examinations.
Glycemic Indices and Glycemic Loads of Various Types of Pulses

For preparation of diet for diabetics, glycemic indicies and glycemic loads of local pulses namely chickpea, chana dal, kidney bean, mash bean, mung bean and peas were determined. Forty two male students of Agricultural University were recruited and were divided into six groups, with seven students in each group. Glucose was fed as reference and pulses as test foods. The pulses were cooked (only boiled) in tape water before feeding to the individuals. Fifty grams glucose, dissolved in 300 mL of water, was given to each individual of all the groups on day first and amount of the boiled pulses containing 50 g carbohydrate were given to each individual of the assigned group on the next day. Blood samples were collected from each individual of the groups before (fasting) the ingestion of glucose and test foods and 30, 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion of glucose and test foods. Glycemic index was determined from the area under curves of glucose concentration for reference and test foods. Glycemic load was determined by taking the percentage of the food s carbohydrate content in a typical serving and multipling by its glycemic index. The mean glycemic ,
Anal human papillomavirus infection prevalence in men who have sex with men is age-independent: a role for recent sexual behavior?

AIM Considering that data available on age-specific prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) are limited and conflicting, we aimed to assess the age-related trend of this infection in HIV-uninfected MSM. MATERIALS & METHODS Anal samples, collected using a Dacron swab, were analyzed by the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test (Roche Diagnostics, Milan, Italy). RESULTS Among the 408 males enrolled, HPV prevalence was 72.8% and did not significantly change across ages both for any (p = 0.506) and high-risk genotypes (p = 0.588). HPV prevalence by age group did not vary also after adjusting for median number and median age of recent partners. CONCLUSION Among urban MSM at risk for sexually transmitted infections, this stability in anal HPV prevalence across all ages may be driven by multiple partnerships in association with sexual mixing across all age groups. Interventions to increase awareness of lifetime HPV risk and willingness to adopt preventive measures may reduce HPV-associated health burden in MSM.
Conceptualising the Foundation of an Effective Clinical Supervision Cycle in Mental Health Nursing

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF DIAGRAMS vii LIST OF APPENDICES viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 RESEARCHER CONTEXT RELATED TO THE FORMULATION OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION 1 CLINICAL SUPERVISION 2 THE USE OF TERMINOLOGY 3 THE STUDY CONTEXT 4 THESIS STRUCTURE 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 INTRODUCTION 7 LITERATURE SEARCHES 8 CLINICAL SUPERVISION IN NURSING 10 THE DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF CLINICAL SUPERVISION 11 CLINICAL SUPERVISION IN NEW ZEALAND 16 MODELS AND APPROACHES TO CLINICAL SUPERVISION 19 Proctor’s Supervision Alliance Model 20 Heron’s Six Category Intervention Analysis Approach 21 Consedine’s Role Theory Model 21 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLINICAL SUPERVISION 22 Introduction 22 The Effects of Clinical Supervision – Evaluative Studies 24 The Effects of Clinical Supervision – Small Studies, Commentaries and Opinion Pieces 29 Factors Related to Effectiveness 30 CONCLUSION 32 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 35 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 35 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 36 QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION 38
All optical wavelength broadcast based on simultaneous Type I QPM broadband SFG and SHG in MgO:PPLN.

We experimentally demonstrate wavelength broadcast based on simultaneous Type I quasi-phase-matched (QPM) broadband sum-frequency generation (SFG) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) in 5 mol. % MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate (MgO:PPLN). One signal has been synchronously converted into seven different wavelengths using two pumps at a 1.5 microm band via quadratic cascaded nonlinear wavelength conversion. By selecting different pump regions, i.e., selecting different cascaded chi((2)):chi((2)) interactions, the flexible wavelength conversions with shifting from one signal to single, double, and triple channels were also demonstrated.
Changes in 5 α- and 5β-Reductase Pathways of Aldosterone Metabolism by Dietary Sodium

The effects of dietary Na+ on 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductase pathways of aldosterone metabolism in the liver were studied in male rats maintained on low, control, and high Na+ diets. A high Na+ diet caused significant increases in the synthesis of 5 beta-reduced metabolites, primarily 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone; whereas a low Na+ diet stimulated the 5 alpha-reductase pathway causing increases in the synthesis of 5 alpha-dihydroaldosterone and 3 beta 5 alpha-tetrahydroaldosterone, as well as certain polar, hydroxylated metabolites of aldosterone. These studies demonstrate that dietary Na+, a known regulator of aldosterone synthesis, may also regulate enzymes involved in aldosterone metabolism in peripheral tissues.
Water Witching, U.S.A.

The capacity to live in a world of illusion is not confined to the hordes of schizophrenic patients who inhabit custodial retreats for the mentally ill. A lesser, though potentially no less dangerous form of self-deception pervades mankind with inveterate ubiquity. Indeed the capacity of the human mind to deceive itself knows no limits. Who will say whether this is a built-in mechanism to make life tolerable by keeping distasteful reality from shattering all illusions or whether, like the potentiality for cancer in every living creature, it is a destructive element written into the very essence of life. Should we look back with cynical disparagement at the shocking excesses of the dancing mania of the Middle Ages when we ourselves have been devotees of such lesser models as the Charleston or the hula hoop? A nation which is addicted to such silly foibles as the folksy Vermont humbug of "Huniger,"
Creating the Ideal Microcosm for Rapid Incorporation of Bioengineered Alternative Tissues Using An Advanced Hydrogel Impregnated Gauze Dressing: A Case Series

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel hydrogel impregnated gauze dressing in creating the ideal microcosm around a bioengineered alternative tissue to prevent tissue dehydration and cell death, accelerate angiogenesis, prevent infection and facilitate the interaction of growth factors with the target cells. Using the BRAIN principles along with this hydrogel impregnated gauze dressing in 50 diabetic patients with neuropathic foot ulcerations (including the six cases presented herein) resulted in substantially improved incorporation rates, increased frequency of wound closure, decreased time to achieve wound closure and a reduction in overall costs. Based on a log transformation the typical healing time is 17.8 days with a 95% confidence interval of 15.6 days to 20.2 days.
Manual for the Adult Neuropsychological Evaluation

ficient fine detail for all aspects of management, particularly in the case of those working in the United States. Scientifically, it appears to be impeccable, although of course it represents a stage of knowledge which continues to expand-for instance, juvenile Sandhoff disease (combined hexosaminidase A and B deficiency in near preschool children with progressive cerebellar ataxia) had not yet been described at the time of the conference. Personally I found much of the material, including the discussions, unexpectedly stimulating. For example, one chapter discusses the hypothesis that the selective advantage of the Tay-Sachs gene may lie in resistance to tuberculosis in the heterozygotes, and gives the reasons based on Jewish history. I suppose this is a book which will find its way more to libraries than to individuals, and in particular will be bought by those involved in the genetics, biochemistry, and counselling of hexosaminidase deficiency disorders, and by those thinking of organising screening programmes. It would seem that a very high gene frequency in a population and enthusiastic attention to all aspects of a screening service are necessary for any sort of success.
A New Marker For The Diagnosıs Of Sepsis: Presepsin

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that complicates severe infection. It is characterized by the cardinal signs of inflammation (vasodilatation, leukocyte accumulation, increased microvascular permeability) occurring in tissues which are remote from the infection. The clinical definitions of sepsis are basically nonspecific, often resulting in the delay of the diagnosis. During the last decade, a variety of different molecules have been suggested as clinical biomarkers in sepsis, most of which are still in experimental stage. However, some have came into use in clinical practice and have evolved as valuable tools for diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and outcome prediction. Presepsin, which is approximately 13 kDa, has been identiﬁed as a protein whose levels increase speciﬁcally in the blood of sepsis patients. Presepsin is thought to be a more speciﬁc and sensitive marker for the diagnosis of sepsis compared with interleukin-6 and procalcitonin (PCT). Presepsin concentrations in blood were increased faster than PCT and CRP in sepsis patients. Although there are a lot of biomarkers to diagnose sepsis, presepsin could be a new candidate for this purpose. In this mini review, we discussed a new biomarker, presepsin, and its clinical relevance.
The epidemiology of Human Herpesvirus-8: Transmission of infection to children in Zambian households

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 THE HERPESVIRUSES . 1 HERPESVIRUS CLASSIFICATIONS . 2 Alphaherpesviruses . 3 Betaherpesviruses . 3 Gammaherpesviruses . 4 EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS . 5 HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-8 . 6 HHV-8 Genome organization . 6 Latent phase of infection . 7 Lytic phase of infection . 8 HHV-8 immune responses . 9 Immune modulation by HHV-8 . 10 Epigenetics . 13 Pathogenic Mechanisms of HHV-8 . 15 Diseases caused by HHV-8 . 16 Transmission of HHV8. 22 HHV-8 Diagnostics . 26 HHV-8 in Zambia . 28 STUDY AIMS . 29 REFERENCES . 32 TABLES . 43 CHAPTER 2: THE ZAMBIA CHILDREN’S KS-HHV8 STUDY: RATIONALE, STUDY DESIGN, AND STUDY METHODS . 44 ABSTRACT . 45 INTRODUCTION . 46 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 48 Study population and site . 48 Screening for enrollment . 48 Enrollment and follow-up . 50 Data management . 52 DISCUSSION. 57 REFERENCES . 61 TABLES AND FIGURES . 63 CHAPTER 3: RISK FACTORS FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD INFECTION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-8 IN ZAMBIAN CHILDREN: THE ROLE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD FEEDING PRACTICES . 70 ABSTRACT . 7
Electronic Health Records Acceptance and Implementation in Developing Countries: Challenges and Barriers

Context: This literature review mostly emphasizes on the challenges and barriers for acceptance and implementation of electronic health records (EHRs) in developing countries. Although the willingness of developing countries for acceptance and implementation of EHRs is rising, they will face some challenges and barriers which can slow down their progress due to the multidisciplinary and complexity characteristics of EHRs. Some of these challenges and barriers can be seen in the past and present histories of EHRs acceptance process in developed countries too. Familiarity with these challenges and barriers will help developing countries to have better understanding of these problems towards successful EHRs. The main goal of this survey is to study the challenges and barriers of acceptance and implementation of EHRs in the developing countries and how they can overcome such problems. Evidence Acquisition: Two databases, Pub-Med and Scopus with Combination of terms such as Electronic Health Records, Developing Countries, Barriers, Challenges, Acceptance, and Adoption were searched. Totally, 514 articles extracted. Some exclusive criteria such as date of publication (year 2000 and above) and having a close relation to the subject of the study (through abstract) were applied. The result was eight articles from Scopus and 12 articles from Pub-Med. Also, 7 articles were extracted by general search in internet. Also, 11 articles with the same search policies were selected from Journal of Health informatics for Developing Countries (JHIDC) with no exclusion criteria. Results: Developing countries must be fully aware of challenges and barriers in their way towards EHRs. They also need to study the experiences of countries which are successful in acceptance and implementation of EHRs. Developing countries also need to provide infrastructures needed for a successful implementation of EHRs. Conclusions: Despite the positive effects of EHRs in healthcare services, the acceptance rate of EHRs in developing countries and even developed countries is still low. The developing countries are facing many problems in their way toward implementing successful EHRs. Lack of infrastructures in information and communication technology, cost, and cultural resistance are considered as main barriers for developing countries in their approach to accept and implement EHRs.
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Significant advancements have been made in the past century regarding the neuronal control of feeding behavior and energy ex-penditure. The effects and mechanisms of action of various peripheral metabolic signals on the brain have become clearer. Molecu-lar and genetic tools for visualizing and manipulating individual components of brain homeostatic systems in combination with neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, behavioral, and pharmacological techniques have begun to elucidate the molecular and neuronal mechanisms of complex feeding behavior and energy expenditure. This review article highlights some of these advance-ments that have led to the current understanding of the brain`s involvement in the acute and chronic regulation of energy homeo-stasis. (Endocrinol Metab 27:268-273, 2012)
La perspectiva de las cuidadoras informales sobre la atención domiciliaria: un estudio cualitativo con ayuda de un programa informático

Fundamento. Existe en nuestro pais un vivo debate sobre los modelos de atencion domiciliaria que se deben desarrollar. Este estudio pretende conocer como perciben la calidad de la atencion domiciliaria los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cancer en fase terminal, ancianos con demencia y personas intervenidas en programadas de cirugia mayor ambulatoria. Metodos: Estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenologico basado en grupos de discusion (9), grupos triangulares (5) y entrevistas en profundidad (22). El estudio se realizo en Andalucia, durante los anos 1999 y 2000. Los sujetos del estudio son los cuidadores principales de los pacientes que reciben atencion domiciliaria desde los centros de salud. La informacion se ha analizado mediante analisis de contenido apoyado por el software NUDIST- 4. Las variables de analisis han sido las del modelo SERVQUAL. Resultados. Para las cuidadoras de pacientes con cancer las dimensiones mas importantes de la calidad de la atencion domiciliaria son la Capacidad de Respuesta y la Accesibilidad. Elementos negativos que perjudican la accesibilidad son: la falta de cobertura de atencion domiciliaria fuera del horario normal, la dificultad de contactar por telefono, la tardanza en acudir y las visitas solo a demanda. Las cuidadoras de pacientes intervenidos en cirugia mayor ambulatoria quieren Seguridad y la Fiabilidad. Las cuidadoras de ancianos con demencia consideran prioritario que se les proporcionen los materiales que necesitan para cuidar al enfermo. Conclusiones: Las expectativas de cuidadores y pacientes varian en funcion del problema de salud. Por lo tanto, las caracteristicas de la atencion domiciliaria tendran que variar tambien en funcion de ello. Se hace necesario un modelo flexible que sea capaz de adaptarse a las necesidades de los diferentes tipos de pacientes y las circunstancias tambien distintas de sus cuidadores familiares.
Certified Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps

Context: Despite recent evidence to suggest that exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) might be primarily of neuromuscular origin, the authors surmise that most information available to certified athletic trainers (ATCs) emphasizes the role of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in EAMC. Objective: To investigate ATCs' perceptions of EAMC. Design: 7-question, Web-based, descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Subjects: 997 ATCs. Main Outcome Measures: Responses to 7 questions regarding the cause, treatment, and prevention of EAMC. Results: Responders indicated humidity, temperature, training, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance as causative factors of EAMC. Fluid replacement and stretching the involved muscle were identified as very successful in treating and preventing EAMC. Proper nutrition and electrolyte replacement were also perceived as extremely successful prevention strategies. Conclusions: ATCs' perceptions of the cause, treatment, and prevention of EAMC are primarily centered on dehydration.
Personal Health Record Design Preferences for Minority Diabetic Patients

Facilitating treatment adherence (diet, exercise, medication, self-management technology use) among patients with a chronic disease poses a significant challenge to health care providers, particularly among minority populations. Racial and ethnic minorities experience higher rates of chronic disease prevalence and mortality and lower rates of health literacy, which has been widely linked to inferior health care quality. Health Information Technology (HIT) is a critical component of chronic disease treatment and has the ability to support patient self-management through the use of a Personal Health Record (PHR). However, current PHR systems are not designed for the largest and highest-risk segment of the chronic disease population, which are minorities. In an effort to address racial and ethnic disparities in PHRs, this research aims to evaluate minority design preferences in the patient population, develop a design database, and develop several design alternatives for use in future PHR testing and implementation. In this pilot, we focused on one of the highest risk chronic disease populations, African American diabetics. Data was collected from the Howard University Hospital Diabetes Treatment Center, using a previously launched patient portal as a baseline for all research activities. This research has the potential to inform PHR vendor design decision-making and future regulatory guidelines for HIT.
Effects of rosmarinic acid on male sex hormones (testosterone-FSH-LH) and testis tissue apoptosis after exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) in rats

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenol derived from many common herbal plants of the Lamiaceae group: Rosemary, sage, Spanish sage, oregano, basil, marjoram, thyme, the mint group, lavender, perilla and lemon balm. It is currently being studied for its effects on Alzheimer's disease and some other diseases. Rosmarinic acid in its natural state as part of a herb has been used to strengthen the memory and to improve mood by dispersing melancholy. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were allocated to four groups, a control group (n = 10) and three treatment groups (n = 30). The first treatment group received rosmarinic acid (5 mg/kg body weight), the second extract group received rosmarinic acid (5 mg/kg body weight) and electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure at 50 Hz for 40 consecutive days, whilst the forth group received only EMF exposure for 40 consecutive days. Animals were maintained under standard conditions. At the conclusion of the test period, rat testes tissues were removed from all group members and animals were maintained under standard conditions. Tissue preparation was performed and analyzed for apoptosis. There was a significant increase in apoptosis in EMF group and significant increase in testosterone serum level in RA group when compared with other groups (P < 0.05). EMF has negative effect on testis histology in rats. However, these side effects are less seen in the EMF group that received RA. Therefore, it is recommended that usage of rosmarinic acid in modern country has fewer industrial side effects on male fertility. Key words: Apoptosis, electromagnetic field (EMF), male fertility, rosmarinic acid, testis.
Involving people who have dementia in the evaluation of services: A review

Government policy and good practice dictate that health and other care services should routinely involve service users in the evaluation of the services that they receive. While the carers of people with dementia have been involved in this process relatively often, it has been much rarer for people with dementia themselves to be involved. This article reviews five methods of gathering the experiences of people with dementia as those experiences relate to the services that they receive: questionnaires and structured interviews; semi-structured interviews; observation; advocacy; and focus groups. A number of ethical issues are highlighted including: consent; the capacity to make decisions; confidentiality and empowerment.
O4-3.2 Determinants of domestic violence against women in an Eastern Saudi community

Introduction The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors underlying the occurrence of DV in an eastern Saudi community. Methods The study included 2000 ever-married women aged 15–60 years while attending 10 randomly selected primary healthcare centers in Al Ahsa-KSA. Data were gathered through interviews using structured Arabic questionnaire. It included enquiry about the lifetime occurrence of violence, its types and determinants (personal, sociodemographic, paternal, maternal and other risk factors). Bivariate analysis was carried. Four Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models were fitted to identify the significant risk factors in each type of violence. Results The prevalence of overall, mental, physical and sexual violence is 39.3%, 35.9%, 17.9% and 6.9% respectively. The significant determinants of overall violence (MLR) are urban residence; wife's parental problems; husband problems with police and wife, smoking, fighting with others, being a victim of violence as a child, observed his mother being abused, and not spending enough time with family. The presence of each form of violence was significantly associated with the occurrence of others (p=0.000). MLR revealed differences in the determinants of each type of violence. Marital discord was significant in all forms. Alcoholism and having problems with police only associated with sexual abuse. Protective factors are education except in postgraduate women, higher income status, and spending more time with family. Conclusion Educating couples and increasing public awareness about risk factors is recommended. Healthcare providers are to follow high risk approach in identifying women exposed to violence based on identified factors.