Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Décorrélation adaptative pour la prédiction en grande dimension

Dans les procedures de tests en grande dimension, la prise en compte ou non de la dependance donne lieu a de nombreux developpements methodologiques et discussions , notamment sur l'impact de la decorrelation des statistiques de tests. Pourtant, dans une optique d'estimation d'un modele pour la prediction, la question de la decorrela-tion de grands prols de variables predictrices n'est pas abordee dans les memes termes, bien que de nombreuses etudes comparatives aient rapporte la superiorite de methodes de prediction dites naives, au sens ou elles ignorent la dependance. Sous l'hypothese clas-sique en analyse lineaire discriminante d'un melange de lois gaussiennes, nous montrons que pour une structure de dependance des predicteurs donnee, les performances de clas-sication ignorant ou non cette dependance peuvent etre tres variables et opposees selon la forme du signal d'association entre les predicteurs et la classe. An de minimiser le risque maximal d'erreur de classication, nous proposons donc une prise en compte adap-tative de la dependance et montrons sur des simulations que les performances de la regle de classication proposee sont generalement au moins aussi bonnes que la meilleure des regles parmi celles ignorant la dependance ou au contraire basees sur une decorrelation des predicteurs.
A Comparative Study of various Indices for extraction urban impervious surface of Landsat 8 OLI

Impervious surface is one of the major land cover types of urban and suburban environment. Conversion of rural landscapes and vegetation area to urban and suburban land use is directly related to the increase of the impervious surface area. The impervious surface expansion is straight-lined with decreasing green spaces in urban areas. Impervious surface is one of indicator for detecting urban heat islands. This study compares various indices for mapping impervious surfaces using Landsat 8 OLI imagery by optimizing the different spectral characteristics of Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The research objectives are (1) to apply various indices for impervious surface mapping and (2) identifies impervious surfaces in urban areas based on multiple indices and provide recommendations and find the best index for mapping impervious surface in urban areas. In addition to utilizing the index, land use supervised classification method, maximum likelihood classification used for extracting built-up, and non-built-up areas. Accuracy assessment of this research used field data collection as primary data for calculating kappa coefficient, producer accuracy, and user accuracy. The study can also be extended to find the land surface temperature and correlate the impervious surface extraction data with urban heat islands.
Chronic wireless streaming of invasive neural recordings at home for circuit discovery and adaptive stimulation

Invasive neural recording in humans shows promise for understanding the circuit basis of brain disorders. Most recordings have been done for short durations from externalized brain leads in hospital settings, or from first-generation implantable sensing devices that offer only intermittent brief streaming of time series data. Here we report the first human use of an implantable neural interface for wireless multichannel streaming of field potentials over long periods, with and without simultaneous therapeutic neurostimulation, untethered to receiving devices. Four Parkinson’s disease patients streamed bilateral 4-channel motor cortical and basal ganglia field potentials at home for over 500 hours, paired with wearable monitors that behaviorally categorize states of inadequate or excessive movement. Motor state during normal home activities was efficiently decoded using either supervised learning or unsupervised clustering algorithms. This platform supports adaptive deep brain stimulation, and may be widely applicable to brain disorders treatable by invasive neuromodulation.
Tax justice perception and trust in government on tax compliance

This study aimed to analyze the effect of trust in the government to tax compliance with the perception of tax justice as a mediating variable. The research method was the Structural Equation Model. The sample from this study was individual taxpayers who located in the Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Lamongan areas that have a tax ID and pay taxes. The data sources received from the questionnaire report. The results proved that (1) trust in government to tax compliance had positive and significant effect, (2) trust in government to perceptions of tax justice had positive and significant effect, (3) perception of tax justice to tax compliance had positive and significant effect, (4) trust in government to tax compliance mediated with perceptions of tax justice had positive and
Asociación de la enfermedad cardiovascular con la enfermedad respiratoria

RESULTADOS Se incluyó en el estudio a un total de 31.646 pacientes con EPOC, 60.424 pacientes con asma y 1662 pacientes con NPI. Los grupos de control los formaron 158.230, 302.120 y 8310 pacientes, respectivamente (seguimiento total de 2.968.182 años-paciente). La EPOC mostró una asociación independiente con la cardiopatía isquémica (CI), la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), la fibrilación auricular y la enfermedad vascular periférica, todas las cuales se asociaban a la mortalidad por cualquier causa (por ejemplo, odds ratio para la asociación de la EPOC con la IC: 2,18 [intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%: 2,08 a 2,26]; hazard ratio para la contribución de la IC a la mortalidad en la EPOC: 1,65 [IC del 95%: 1,61 a 1,68]). El asma mostró una asociación independiente con la CI, y la presencia de múltiples enfermedades cardiovasculares contribuía a la mortalidad (por ejemplo, IC hazard ratio: 1,81 [IC del 95%: 1,75 a 1,87]). La NPI mostró una asociación independiente con la CI y la IC, y estas dos enfermedades se asociaron a la mortalidad. Los pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares tuvieron una menor probabilidad de ser tratados con una revascularización coronaria.
Variable effects of forest canopies on snow processes in a valley of the central Spanish Pyrenees

Snowpacks and forests have complex interactions throughout the large range of altitudes where they co‐occur. However, there are no reliable data on the spatial and temporal interactions of forests with snowpacks, such as those that occur in nearby areas that have different environmental conditions and those that occur during different snow seasons. This study monitored the interactions of forests with snowpacks in four forest stands in a single valley of the central Spanish Pyrenees during three consecutive snow seasons (2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018). Daily snow depth data from time‐lapse cameras were compared with snow data from field surveys that were performed every 10–15 days. These data thus provided information on the spatial and temporal changes of snow–water equivalent (SWE). The results indicated that forest had the same general effects on snowpack in each forest stand and during each snow season. On average, forest cover reduced the duration of snowpack by 17 days, reduced the cumulative SWE of the snowpack by about 60% and increased the spatial heterogeneity of snowpack by 190%. Overall, forest cover reduced SWE total accumulation by 40% and the rate of SWE accumulation by 25%. The forest‐mediated reduction of the accumulation rate, in combination with the occasional forest‐mediated enhancement of melting rate, explained the reduced duration of snowpacks beneath forest canopies. However, the magnitude and timing of certain forest effects on snowpack had significant spatial and temporal variations. This variability must be considered when selecting the location of an experimental site in a mountainous area, because the study site should be representative of surrounding areas. The same considerations apply when selecting a time period for study.
High School Language Students' and Teachers' Perceptions of Effective Teaching Practices: A Collective Case Study

The influence of globalization on today’s society has propagated an increasing need for individuals who are able to communicate in languages other than English. However, while a large percentage of high school students recognize the importance of a second language (L2) for future jobs, only a very small percentage of students pursue advanced language study at universities, an aspect that may be due to disparate notions about effective foreign language teaching practices. The purpose of this collective instrumental case study was to understand the perceptions of effective language teaching practices for high school language students and teachers at two independent schools in South Carolina and one independent school in Florida. The theories guiding this study were Krashen’s input hypothesis (1982), VanPatten’s input hypothesis theory (2004), and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of learning (1987) as these are the three main second language acquisition theories that have guided current practices in second language learning pedagogy, and thus, agreement or disagreement with certain practices indicates support or rejection of guiding theories in second language learning. The central research question for this study was: How do high school world language teachers and high school world language students perceive effective language teaching practices? Data collection included classroom observations, teacher and student interviews, and documents related to the language program philosophy and practices. Data analysis included rich descriptions and direct interpretation and categorical aggregation through coding of classroom observations, interviews, and documents. The two major themes that emerged dealt with input and how input leads to better student output or language production.
Entrepreneurial Opportunity Exploitation under Different Institutional Settings

If and how the efficiency of governments plays a role in determining relationships between corruption and entrepreneurship has not been examined at length. The empirical findings on control of corruption are inconclusive, and our knowledge regarding the moderation of efficient or less-efficient governments is rather limited. Using a multisource panel dataset of 59 countries, we find that any conclusion suggesting that corruption is universally good or bad for entrepreneurship may risk being overstated because the degree to which governments are efficient moderates the nonlinear effects of control of corruption on entrepreneurship.
Active Warping Control For Damping Of Torsional Beam Vibrations

This paper considers damping of torsional beam vibrations by active control of the axial warping displacements. A beam element with active positive position feedback (PPF) is set up with an additional flexibility parameter. This arises from partial restraining of warping caused by discrete actuators. The flexibility lowers the frequency associated with an infinite actuator gain and thereby the attainable damping ratio. It is shown how it furthermore affects the stability limit. Results are compared with three-dimensional finite element results, with multiple actuators acting on an end cross-section of the beam. The accuracy of the beam model is justified by an example which shows that substantial damping ratios may be achieved by active warping control.
PEPFAR public health evaluation -- care and support. Phase 2 Uganda.

The aims of the evaluation were to (a) describe the nature and scope of HIV care and support provision supported by PEPFAR in two African countries including the types of facilities available clients seen and availability of specific components of care (Phase 1); and (b) evaluate how PEPFAR care and support programme components and costs are related to health outcomes (Phase 2). By meeting these aims this study was designed to provide detailed descriptions of the care and support services that have been delivered through PEPFAR funding and identify the effective components and costs of the services to improve the health of patients with HIV. Dissemination of the findings is planned in conjunction with country teams to inform effective care and support provision within the two PHE target countries and beyond where lessons can be transferred to other PEPFAR countries.
Formalisation des mécanismes de tribo-oxydation d'un alliage de cobalt soumis à des sollicitations de fretting-usure : effet de la température

Ce memoire de these presente une analyse multi-physique des endommagements par usure provoques sur un alliage base cobalt soumis a des sollicitations de fretting pour des temperatures allant de 25˚C a 600˚C. On montre alors que l’usure est severe a basse temperature puis douce a haute temperature. A basse temperature, l’usure est controlee par une synergie entre l’oxydation de l’interface et l’abrasion de la couche d’oxyde nouvellement formee. Une formulation analytique est developpee, prenant en compte ces deux aspects. Cependant, cette loi n’est valable que lorsque le produit de l’endommagement, a savoir les debris d’usure oxydes, sont immediatement evacues de l’interface. Or, si la temperature depasse une temperature seuil T1, les debris commencent a stagner dans l’interface, ils s’agglomerent et modifient completement la reponse tribologique. A haute temperature, une tribocouche protectrice est formee par compaction et frittage des debris, limitant drastiquement l’usure. La loi d’usure par oxydo-abrasion, decrivant le comportement tribologique a basse temperature, est alors modifiee pour prendre en compte l’apparition de cette tribocouche. La tribocouche, egalement appelee glaze layer, possede une structure multi-couches, ou les proprietes d’oxydation et de diffusion des elements d’alliage jouent un role preponderant dans les modalites de sa formation. A la lumiere de ces resultats, sont finalement discutes les mecanismes mis en jeu dans l’absence totale d’usure lorsque la glaze layer est efficace a l’interface.
Onkologische Erkrankungen des Neugeborenen

Eine genaue Aussage über die Inzidenz neonataler Tumoren ist sehr schwierig, da die in der Regel aus kleineren Studien und Einzelerhebungen stammenden Daten auf unterschiedlichen Definitionen beruhen [2–4]. Zudem werden totgeborene Kinder nicht konsequent einbezogen, obwohl Tumoren bereits intrauterin zum Versterben der Kinder führen können. Verschiedene Quellen geben eine Neuerkrankung je 12500–27500 Geburten an [4–7]. Neonatale Tumoren werden bei Mädchen und Jungen in etwa gleich häufig beobachtet. Einzelne Tumortypen treten jedoch eher bei Mädchen auf (z. B. Teratome), andere wiederum bei Jungen (z. B. Retinoblastome) [3, 8, 9].
Die Rhodococcus-equi-Pneumonie beim Fohlen: Diagnose,Therapie, Prophylaxe

wirtschaftliche Verluste in der Fohlenaufzucht dar. Erkrankungen des Respirationstraktes werden beim Fohlen durch Viren wie Influenzaund Herpes-Viren und durch Bakterien wie Streptokokken, Klebsiellen, Pasteurellen, Actinobacillus und Rhodokokken verursacht. Der häufigste Erreger von schweren, oft lebensbedrohlichen Pneumonien beim Fohlen ist Rhodococcus equi. Erwachsene Pferde erkranken in der Regel nicht an der Rhodokokkose. Auch Menschen erkranken nicht nach Infektion mit diesem Erreger, mit Ausnahme von Säuglingen, älteren oder durch immunsupprimierender Krankheit wie HIV geschwächten Menschen. Beim Fohlen wird die Verdachtsdiagnose einer Rhodococcusequi-Pneumonie durch Hinweise aus der Anamnese und anhand von klinischen Befunden, die in der frühen Phase der Erkrankung meistens nur einzeln zu beobachten sind, gestellt (Fieber, Husten, Nasenausfluß oder Rasseln bei der Lungenauskultation). Die Diagnose wird dann durch Nachweis von Lungenabszessen bei der sonographischen oder radiographischen Lungenuntersuchung bestätigt. Der Erregernachweis aus dem Nasentupfer verhilft nur selten zur Sicherung der Ursache. Dagegen gelingt der Nachweis von R. equi aus dem Tracheobronchialsekret bei etwa 60% der Fohlen mit Lungenabszessen. Zur Behandlung der Rhodococcus-equi-Pneumonie hat sich die Antibiotika-Kombination Rifampicin/Azithromycin über 4 bis 6 Wochen bewährt. Aber auch das neue Makrolid „Tulathromycin“ wurde in einer klinischen Studie in der Behandlung von Lungenabszessen bei Fohlen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Die Prophylaxe besteht aus hygienischen Aufzuchtbedingungen, Reduktion der Bestandsdichte, Vermeiden des Transports von jungen Fohlen auf kontaminierte Betriebe. Verluste bei den Fohlen werden erfolgreich durch eine tierärztliche Untersuchung der Fohlen eines Bestandes einmal wöchentlich reduziert. Rhodococcus equi ist ein grampositiver Keim, der im Boden bei Trockenheit und hohen Temperaturen gut überleben kann, allerdings gegen Kälte und übliche Desinfektionsmittel (außer Alkohol) empfindlich ist. Er wird vor allem durch Inhalation von kontaminiertem Staub und durch Koprophagie von kontaminiertem Kot durch das Fohlen aufgenommen. Die mit Staub oder ähnlichem eingeatmeten Erreger gelangen durch Phagozytose in Makrophagen. Besonders die Stämme, die den Virulenzfaktor VapA (Virulenz associated protein A) aufweisen, zeigen eine hohe Virulenz. Die den Keim umhüllende Polysaccharidkapsel inhibiert die phagozytierenden Leukozyten und wahrscheinlich wird durch die Produktion von Cholesteroloxidase die Lysosommembran stabilisiert, so dass es nicht zu einer Phagosom-Lysosom-Fusion kommt. Auf diese Weise vermehren sich die Bakterien, verursachen später den Tod der Zellen und führen weiter zur Ausschüttung zahlreicher Pathogene. Die Rhodococcus-bedingte Lungenentzündung stellt immer noch ein ernsthaftes Problem bei Fohlen dar. Die Autoren geben einen aktuellen Überblick über diese Erkrankung mit Erläuterung der diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen. Die Geburtshygiene als wesentliche prophylaktische Maßnahme wird herausgestellt. AUF EINEN BLICK
Factors Influencing Stock Price of Manufacturing Sector: An Empirical Analysis of NSE listed Companies

Anticipating the prices of stocks has been a focal issue both in monetary and academic studies. Thispaper aims to learning the empirical nexus between equity share’s price of manufacturing segment companieslisted with Stock Exchange (NSE) and eleven explanatory variables viz., earning per share (EPS),age of the firm, net profit margin (NPM%), size ( logarithm Sales & total assets), firm risk measured through price to book value ratio (P/B),dividend yield percentage (DY%),price earnings ratio, growth (percentage change in sales & total Assets),dividend per share (DPS) and earning volatility (EV) respectively for the period between 2008 and 2017. Through multiple regressions, significance of various factorsaffecting stock prices will be determined. The study reveals that dividend yield,earning per share, dividend per share, price earning ratio and price to book value ratio have significant effect on the market price of share. The four variables such as dividend per share, price to book value ratio, earning per share and PE ratio have significant positive influence on price of sharesof NSE listed manufacturing sector companies whereas only one factor i.e. dividend yield has negatively related with stock prices of selected NSE listed companies. This study will help investors to take into consideration significant factors while investing in the manufacturing sector companies and they will also be able to forecast future stock prices by using model equation of significant variables. This study will also useful for management of company in framing policies and its effect on share price of the company. Keywords: Price of Share ,Stepwise regression, Dividend per share,Earning volatility ,Earning per share, Price to Book Value (P/B) Ratio, Aging, Growth of companies, Net Profit Margin percentage, Price EarningsRatio, Trading volume, Dividend yield percentage, Dividend per share andSize of companies.
‘You just can’t do it all’: a secondary analysis of nurses' perceptions of teamwork, staffing and workload

The purpose of this study was to re-examine data to explore connections between nurses’ perceptions of teamwork, staffing and workload, focusing on salient aspects and connections, from the nurses’ perspective. Insufficient staffing levels and imbalanced workload distributions are prominent challenges in contemporary healthcare which can cause increased incident reports, medical errors and lower patient satisfaction. Using a novel form of secondary analysis – an original qualitative analysis followed by a quantification of the qualitative data, we found themes of teamwork, staffing and workload were interrelated in the data. When facing workload challenges created by understaffing, participants directly attributed their units’ ability to meet the needs of patient care to levels of teamwork on the unit. We suggest that teamwork in healthcare needs targeted organisational support. In other words, healthcare organisations must systematically approach and monitor the status of nursing teamwork, e.g. implement programmes to develop it as needed, particularly when faced with staffing and workload challenges. Healthcare leaders can learn from and the healthcare delivery workplace can be shaped by listening to teamwork perceptions of nurses.
A pilot project to introduce ultrasound skills to medical students to facilitate peer-led delivery of an ultrasound-assisted physiology session

The delivery of physiology and anatomy teaching using live subjects is limited by challenges relating to safety, and also the identification and interpretation of meaningful clinical signs. Use of ultrasound can overcome these challenges by providing a safe method of visualising and interpreting live physiology and anatomy. At the same time, the development of ultrasonographic competence is increasingly desired by healthcare professionals in multiple disciplines and specialties. Time and resources are required to achieve competence in post-graduate training outside of radiology. Incorporating ultrasonography into the undergraduate medical curriculum may improve the delivery of physiology and anatomy teaching, as well as providing a grounding a basic skills enabling the next generation of doctors to use ultrasonography in their daily practice. We present here the results of a pilot project, designed and developed using near-peer student faculty to deliver sessions on cardiac anatomy and physiology using ultrasonography. The project was extremely well received by both student faculty and student learners, with positive self-reported learning. We propose this model as a solution to the incorporation of ultrasonography into a medical school curriculum without incurring high costs of trained professional faculty.