Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency Bandwidth VHF Electrically Small Antennas Through Direct Antenna Modulation

The increasing need to improve the bandwidth and efficiency in antennas is a continuous topic of research in RF systems. However, when it comes to physical platforms that are electrically small relative to the desired frequency of operation, balancing miniaturization, bandwidth, and efficiency is challenging and often counterintuitive. To overcome these challenges, this article proposes utilizing a direct antenna modulated (DAM) electrically small antenna (ESA). Here, we propose using efficiency–bandwidth (EB) product in theoretically analyzing and in measuring the improvement of DAM over a conventional capacitively loaded loop antenna (CLLA). To quantify the benefits of DAM, a prototyped antenna with DAM (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.0275\lambda \times 0.0251\lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) was designed and it successfully transmits a binary-frequency shift keying (BFSK) signal centered at 75 MHz. Though transistor parasitics reduce the possible EB product improvement, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, of DAM, measurements show the key importance of maintaining proper switching synchronization to achieve system bandwidths beyond the antenna’s impedance bandwidth. The DAM system achieves significant measured EB product improvement, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, up to 5 over bit rates of 700 kb/s–7 Mb/s.
Feeling left out or just surprised? Neural correlates of social exclusion and expectancy violations in adolescence

Social belonging and affiliation are important human drives that impact decision-making and health outcomes. While neural responses to social exclusion are increasingly well-characterized, studies rarely identify whether these responses reflect the affective distress or expectancy violation associated with exclusion. The present study compares neural responses to exclusion and over-inclusion, a similarly unexpected social occurrence that violates fair play expectations, but does not involve rejection, with a focus on implications for models of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) function. In an fMRI adaptation of the Cyberball paradigm with human adolescents 11.1-17.7 years of age (N=69), we employed parametric modulators to examine scaling of neural signal with cumulative exclusion and inclusion events. The use of parametric modulators overcomes arbitrary definitions of condition onsets and offsets imposed on fluid, continuous gameplay. In support of the notion that the dACC plays a role in processing affective distress, this region exhibited greater signal with cumulative exclusion than cumulative inclusion events. However, this difference was partly driven by diminished signal accompanying cumulative inclusion, a finding that does not conform to either affective distress or expectancy violation model predictions. Additionally, we found that signal in the insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex scaled uniquely with social exclusion and over-inclusion, respectively, while conjunction analyses revealed that the rostromedial prefrontal cortex and left intraparietal sulcus responded similarly to both conditions. These findings shed light on which neural regions may exhibit patterns of differential sensitivity to exclusion or over-inclusion, as well as those that are more broadly engaged by both types of social interaction.
Coinfection of diarrheagenic bacterial and viral pathogens in piglets of Northeast region of India

Aim: This study aimed to study the prevalence of the coinfection of enteric bacterial and viral pathogens, namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus from fecal samples of pre-weaned piglets in Northeast region of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 457 fresh fecal samples were collected from piglets under 9 weeks old during 2013-2015 from organized (n=225) and unorganized (n=232) farms of Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland. Samples were collected from diarrheic (n =339) and non-diarrheic (n=118) piglets including local indigenous (n=130) and crossbreed (n=327) piglets in different seasons during the study period. The samples were processed for the isolation of E. coli and Salmonella and detection of their putative virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples were also processed for the detection of Rotavirus and Picobirnavirus by RNA-polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). Results: A total of 11 (2.40%) samples were found positive for two or more coinfecting enteric bacterial and viral pathogens. All the 11 positive fecal samples were recovered from diarrheic piglets. Salmonella Typhimurium (enterotoxin, stn gene) and Picobirnavirus genogroup 1 were found to be more frequent as coinfecting agents. Coinfection was recorded higher in unorganized (3.87%) compared to organized farm (0.88%). Again, higher detection was recorded in crossbreed (2.75%) than local indigenous piglets (1.53%). The occurrence of coinfection was found to be more common during summer (4.68%) followed by winter (2.27%) season. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the significance of E. coli, Salmonella, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus as important diarrheagenic pathogens causing coinfection in piglets in Northeast region of India. Probably, this is the first systematic study of the coinfection of four important diarrheagenic bacterial and viral agents associated with piglet diarrhea in India.
Double-Sphere Tapered Fiber RI, Temperature, and Strain Sensor Based on Micro-Spherical Mode Controller

A double-sphere tapered fiber interferometer based on micro-spherical mode controller has been proposed and demonstrated to have high sensitivity and linearity to refractive index (RI), temperature and micro-strain. The high sensing properties is achieved through high order modes control based on microsphere. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that designed microsphere on tapered fiber can excite appropriate high-order modes which enhance interferences to improve sensing performance. The sensor has a high linear, low temperature cross RI sensitivity of ~−285.47 nm/RIU. The UV-cured polymer coated DSTF structure is also demonstrated in temperature and micro-strain sensing. The temperature sensitivity reaches ~1.69 nm/°C, which is ~340 times higher than the uncoated structure, and the strain sensing sensitivity reaches ~84.02 pm/ $\mu \varepsilon $ which is about ~40 times than the ordinary fiber strain sensors. The sensor has high linearity (fitting coefficient is up to 0.999), excellent thermal stability and repeatability for RI temperature and strain. Benefited from the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost and compact structure, this inter-mode interference-based fiber sensor is expected to be one of the ideal instruments for high precision RI, temperature and strain sensing fields.
Seasonal Variations and Thinning Effects on Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. Plantations

Thinning is a common management practice in forest ecosystems. However, understanding whether thinning treatment will change the availability of phosphorus (P) in soils, and the effect of thinning on the seasonal dynamics of soil P fractions, are still limited. The objective of the present study was to assess seasonal variations in soil P fractions under different forest thinning management strategies in a Larch (Larix spp.) plantation in northern China. To accomplish this, we examined soil P fractions, soil physical–chemical properties, and litter biomass under control (CK), light (LT), moderate (MT) and high thinning (HT) treatments. Data were collected during the growing season of 2017. We found that most P fractions varied seasonally at different soil depths, with the highest values occurring in the summer and autumn. When compared to CK, MT enhanced the inorganic P (Pi) concentration extracted by resin strip (R-Pi). Labile organic P (Labile Po), moderately labile P and total P (TP) also increased in both MT and HT treatments irrespective of season. In contrast, less-labile Pi and Po fractions were lower in LT than in CK, especially when examining deeper soil layers. Our results suggest that LT leads to a strong ability to utilize Po and less-labile Pi. Moreover, the effect of thinning did not tend to increase with thinning intensity, P availability was maximized at the MT. Ultimately, we show that MT can improve soil P bioavailability and is recommended in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. plantations of North China. Our results emphasize that the effect of thinning management on soil microenvironment is an important basis for evaluating soil nutrients such as soil P bioavailability.
Fish injury and mortality at pumping stations: a comparison of conventional and fish-friendly pumps

Pumping of water during floods from hinterland drainage systems into the main river poses a health risk to fishes and comparative studies are crucial to identify the most fish-friendly pump designs and operations. We investigated the effects on fish health of pump passages through four conventional and one ‘fish-friendly’ pump. All pump types caused external fish injuries leading to direct and delayed mortality. Immediate mortality and injury intensity increased with revolutions per minute (rpm) and differed significantly (P<0.05) between pump types. At the ‘fish-friendly’ Pentair pump (Fairbanks Nijhuis, London, UK), higher numbers of injuries resulting from blunt force (e.g. haemorrhage, scale loss and fin tears) were detected than at the conventional pumps, potentially due to the differences in blade design. The Köster pump (Köster, Heide, Germany) at low rpm proved to be similarly fish friendly as the specially developed fish-friendly Pentair pump due to the low number of entrained fishes. As a measure to reduce potential damaging to fishes, the pumps should run on low rpm as often as possible. This lowers the risk of collision with machine parts and hence mortality rate, as well as the suction effects see at high rpm. After long periods in an anergic state, pumps should generally run on low rpm before changing to higher rates.
Essential Oil Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity - Determined from Leaves, Flowers and Stems of Origanum Vulgare L. Var. Aureum

Abstract Origanum vulgare L. var. aureum is an aromatic medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, rich in essential oils and antioxidants. Its specific chemical composition represents an important source of biologically active principles with diverse applications in food products and nutraceuticals. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between chemical composition of volatile oils, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different plants parts: leaves, flowers, and stems. Essential oils from leaves and flowers had similar compositions with only few differences between γ-terpinene and trans-ß-ocimene. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined for the hydro-alcoholic extract obtained from post-distillation oregano waste material. The total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and varied from 3173 to 6522 mg GAE/L. The major compounds identified by HPLC were syringic acid, pyrocatechol, and catechin. Furthermore, all extracts showed high antioxidant activity, ranging from 31.3 to 44.5 mg GAE/L, with an inhibition percent varying from 63.1 to 88.6%.
Análisis de necesidades de aprendientes haitianos: diseño, validación y aplicación del instrumento

En este estudio se diseña, valida y aplica un instrumento de análisis de necesidades para implementar mejoras en la enseñanza–aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera entre adultos haitianos en Chile. Su aporte consiste en la conformación de un set de ítems que exploran las necesidades, intereses y estilos de aprendizaje de la mencionada comunidad de aprendientes. El instrumento contempla siete dimensiones que permiten indagar sobre el conocimiento de la lengua meta, la valoración del español, las características del profesor ideal de ELE, la organización y el ambiente de la clase, los estilos de aprendizaje, la evaluación y la motivación para estudiar español entre los haitianos. Aplicado el análisis de necesidades a un grupo de 113 aprendientes, validamos el instrumento en cuanto a su consistencia interna, para que pueda ser aplicado a posteriores grupos de aprendientes haitianos que reciben clases de ELE en Chile. Finalmente, resumimos los resultados del análisis de los 113 informantes, aportando sugerencias didácticas de acuerdo a los datos aportados por nuestro instrumento.
Single particle trajectory statistic to reconstruct chromatin organization and dynamics

Chromatin organization remains complex and far from understood. We discuss here recent statistical methods to extract biophysical parameters from in vivo single particle trajectories of loci to reconstruct chromatin reorganization in response to cellular stress such as DNA damages. We look at the methods to analyze both single loci as well as multiple loci tracked simultaneously and explain how to quantify and describe chromatin motion using a combination of extractable parameters. These parameters can be converted into information about chromatin dynamics and function. Furthermore, we discuss how the time scale of recurrent motion of a locus can be extracted and converted into local chromatin dynamics. We also discuss the effect of various sampling rates on the estimated parameters. Finally, we discuss polymer methods based on cross-linkers that account for minimal loop constraints hidden in tracked loci, that reveal chromatin organization at the 250nm spatial scale. We list and refer to some algorithm packages that are now publicly available. To conclude, chromatin organization and dynamics at hundreds of nanometers can be reconstructed from locus trajectories and predicted based on polymer models.
Comparative analysis of anther development in natural populations indicate premature degradation of sporogenous tissue as a cause of male sterility in Gaultheria fragrantissima

Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (Ericaceae) is a gynodioecious species having both hermaphrodite and male sterile plants. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of the different stages of anther development in naturally occuring hermaphrodite and male sterile populations of G. fragrantissima found in Meghalaya, India. While hermaphrodite flowers had well developed anther lobes, the male sterile flowers formed a white unorganized mass of tissues with a tuft of hairy outgrowth at the tip of the stamens. Histological analyses of progressive anther development in both the lines indicate an abnormal development of the sporogenous tissue in the developing anthers in the male steril line. While anther development in the hermaphrodite line was of the dicotyledonous type, the anthers of male sterile line showed progressive degradation of the sporogenous tissues and wall layers. Pollen development was also disrupted in male sterile line resulting in distorted pollen due to the irregular projection of exine wall. Our results suggest that premature degradation of the sporogenous tissues during anther development determines male sterility in G. fragrantissima.
Testing Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum using phylogenetic relationships: Generalizable patterns across disparate communities?

Alternative hypotheses of Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum (DNC) predict that the non‐native species that successfully establish within a community are those either more closely or more distantly related to the resident native species. Despite the increasing number of studies using phylogenetic data to test DNC and evaluate community assembly, it remains unknown whether phylogenetic relationships alone can be used to predict invasion susceptibility across communities differing environmentally and in disturbance history. In this study, we evaluate whether phylogenetic structure of diverse native communities predicts the occurrence of non‐native species and offers insight into community assembly.
Analysis of Fungal Concentration and Species Present as Bio-aerosols in Oak Mushroom Cultivation Houses

Bio-aerosols transported by the air have been considered as the major source of dispersal agents that contaminate agricultural products. Unseen fungal spores are known sources of bio-aerosols that harm mushroom and human health during mushroom cultivation. This study was conducted to obtain basic data on the concentration and species distribution of fungi present in the indoor air of oak mushroom cultivation houses in Korea. In 2015 and 2016, we sampled and analyzed indoor airborne fungal spores 21 times from 13 oak mushroom cultivation farms located in six different provinces. The concentration of airborne fungi ranged from 1.30 × 10 2 to 1.59 × 10 4 cfu/m 3 . Surprisingly, in 20 sampling cases, the fungal concentration exceeded 500 cfu/m 3 , which is recommended as the indoor air quality standard by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. A total of 450 fungi were isolated and identified to belong to 33 genera and 46 species. Among the identified fungi, human pathogens (4 genera and 4 species) and plant pathogens (10 genera and 13 species) were present. In addition, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which are detrimental species that affect mushroom health, were found 17 out of 21 sampling times. Our results provide evidence that indoor air quality should be improved for better management of mushroom cultivation houses.
Investigating the Roles of Parvalbumin and Cholecystokinin Interneurons of the Ventral Hippocampus and Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia-Related Behaviours

Schizophrenia is characterized by neuropathological changes in inhibitory GABA interneurons in the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Benes and Berretta, 2001; Lisman et al., 2008; Lewis et al., 2012). A diverse population of GABA interneurons participates in organizing network activity underlying behaviours mediated by the HPC and mPFC (Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008; Tremblay et al., 2016). Two major classes of perisomatic interneurons disrupted in schizophrenia, express parvalbumin (PV) or cholecystokinin (CCK) and differ in their electrophysiological properties, molecular expression, anatomical distribution, and connectivity (Armstrong and Soltesz, 2012). This raises the important question of whether PV and CCK interneurons play distinct roles in the sensorimotor and mnemonic functions of the HPC and mPFC (Freund and Katona, 2007). Using intersectional genetic labeling in combination with chemogenetics and optogenetics, we evaluated how PV and CCK interneuron dysfunction in the ventral HPC and mPFC contribute to behavioural abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. In the ventral HPC, PV and GAD65 interneurons were both involved in working memory while contributing to different forms of sensorimotor processing. Furthermore, the CCK-expressing subset of GAD65 interneurons in the vCA1/Sub specifically contributed to iii learning context-reward associations, potentially through their interaction with NAc-projecting neurons. In the mPFC, PV and CCK interneurons played important roles during working memory depending on task phase. Functional differences in the mPFC were mirrored by anatomical differences in their laminar distribution, and prominent monosynaptic connections from CCK interneurons onto PV interneurons. These findings reveal the unique behavioural functions of PV and CCK interneurons, and elucidate the contribution of their impairment to specific deficits in schizophrenia.
Influence of sugarcane variety and management on the mineral composition of vinasse from alembic cachaça

Vinasse is the main waste of the productive activity of fermentative processes for ethanol and cachaca production due to the large volume generated, but little is known about the composition of vinasse from alembic cachaca. The present study evaluated the influence of the sugarcane variety (RB867515, RB966928 and RB855453) and management (conventional and organic) on the mineral composition of vinasse from alembic cachaca in a randomized block design with four parcels. Vinasse samples were evaluated for pH and concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, manganese and zinc and carbon/ntrogen ratio. There was a significant effect of management only on three elements of the vinasse composition, C, K and Mg. Regarding the variety, there was a significant effect only on Ca and Mg concentrations in the varieties RB867515 and RB855453. The sugarcane variety and management had little influence on the composition of vinasse from alembic cachaca. The average concentration of macro- and micronutrients of the vinasse samples indicates that it can be used in fertigation due to the rich composition in macro- and micronutrients when compared to the cachaca or ethanol vinasse compositions reported in literature, especially N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Cu.
Essential clinical oral biology

Essential Clinical Oral Biology is an accessible guide to oral biology, introducing the scientific knowledge necessary to succeed in clinical practice. • Student-friendly layout with clinical photographs throughout • Each chapter has clearly defined key topics and learning objectives • Covers the essentials: what you need to know and why • Companion website featuring interactive MCQs, teaching presentations and downloadable images
Magnetodynamic Properties of Rare-Earth-Doped Permalloy Nanowires

We investigated the effect of rare-earth (RE) element doping on magnetodynamic properties of 1D Ni80Fe20 (Py) nanowires. 5% of doping of RE element (La, Nd, and Sm) in Py nanowires was successfully done by electrodeposition technique in porous anodic alumina template. It is observed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements that the crystal structure of Py nanowires decreases from polycrystalline to amorphous phase with doping of RE element. The magnetic properties demonstrated that the saturation magnetization decreases upto 98% with the higher atomic number RE dopant. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements in field-sweep mode were done to analyze the magnetization dynamics of RE-doped nanowires. The fitting of resonance field and field linewidth was done by using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. It is observed that the resonance field increases with Sm doping as compared to La doping. The damping constants have been achieved by decocting the extrinsic linewidth and found to increase by ~12 times with RE doping. The increase of Gilbert damping emanates from the enhancement of L–S coupling in Py nanowires.