Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of direct torque control and DTC based on sliding mode control for PMSM drive

This paper firstly introduces the mathematical equations of PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), an overview of direct torque control (DTC) and a DTC based on sliding mode control for PMSM, and then builds PMSM control system simulation models with above two methods in MATLAB /Simulink environment. Finally, we got the starting response, torque ripple and load perturbation responses of DTC and SMC-DTC by comparison the simulation results of the two models.
Graphical representation of industrial alarm data

Abstract Alarms are important for safe and reliable operation of a process. Ideally, every alarm that is presented to the operator requires an action. Owing to the ease in implementing alarms, many modern day process plants have a large number of alarms configured in their alarm system. Many of these alarms are set without proper rationalization resulting in the generation of nuisance alarms. During process upsets, the volume of alarms presented to the operator is often too large to facilitate appropriate and timely actions. This work demonstrates some novel visualization tools that can be used for assessing the performance of alarm systems in terms of effectively identifying nuisance alarms. The utility of the developed tools is illustrated using real industrial alarm data.
GDNF Rescues Nonpeptidergic Unmyelinated Primary Afferents in Streptozotocin-Treated Diabetic Mice

Sensory deficits induced by diabetes commonly affect small unmyelinated peptidergic and nonpeptidergic sensory neurons. The peptidergic population responds to nerve growth factor (NGF), while the nonpeptidergic DRG neurons postnatally switch their dependency from NGF to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Recent studies have demonstrated that deficient NGF support of peptidergic nociceptors is involved in problems with small-fiber diabetic neuropathy. To determine if nonpeptidergic GDNF-responsive neurons are similarly affected by hyperglycemia, diabetes was induced in mice using streptozotocin (STZ). Four weeks following diabetes induction, staining of axon terminals of nonpeptidergic unmyelinated neurons labeled with the isolectin IB4 or enzyme activity for thiamine monophosphatase (TMP) was reduced in lamina IIi of the lumbar dorsal horn, particularly in the medial region which receives distal sciatic afferents. In contrast, NGF-responsive CGRP-immunoreactive (ir) axons showed no or only a slight decrease in spinal terminations. Insulin treatment in diabetic mice failed to improve deficits in IB4/TMP central afferents. To test whether GDNF or NGF could restore spinal deficits in nonpeptidergic afferents, STZ-treated mice were treated intrathecally for 2 weeks with NGF or GDNF. NGF administration enhanced CGRP-ir staining but failed to improve IB4/TMP projections. GDNF treatment had no effect on CGRP-ir projections but restored TMP labeling in lamina IIi. Our results demonstrate that nonpeptidergic unmyelinated sensory neurons are vulnerable to diabetes and that GDNF administration can selectively reverse deficits caused by diabetes in the IB4/TMP subpopulation.
High back-drivable pseudo I-PD torque control using load-side torque observer with torsion torque sensor

This paper proposes high back-drivable pseudo I-PD torque control using load-side torque observer with torsion torque sensor. According to previous research, the back-drivability of torsion torque control using torsion torque sensor depends on load-side friction. Therefore, the authors focus on load-side torque control. Load-side torque is estimated using load-side torque observer because load-side torque cannot be detected in this system. Using estimated load-side torque feedback, the back-drivability of the proposed method becomes infinite. The back-drivability of the three methods (i.e., P-D, I-PD, and pseudo I-PD) are compared using the simulation and experimental results. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Plasticity of responses to synaptic inputs in rat ventral striatal neurons after repeated administration of the dopamine D2 antagonist raclopride

The effects of acute and repeated systemic administration of the dopaminergic D2 antagonist raclopride on responses of ventral striatal neurons were examined in chloral hydrate‐anesthetized rats. Stimulating electrodes were placed in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, medial thalamus, and prelimbic cortex. Stimulation in water‐injected control rats evoked one or occasionally two action potentials. Results were similar in rats injected acutely with raclopride (4 or 8 mg/kg) except that a small proportion of cells (5%) produced burst responses (defined as three or more evoked action potentials). In rats injected with raclopride daily for 7–14 days, burst responses were seen in a larger proportion of cells (17%) and bursts of up to nine action potentials could be evoked. The results suggest that repeated administration of dopaminergic agents can induce striking plastic changes of excitatory responses in a subset of ventral striatal neurons. Synapse 32:297–301, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypsometry of glaciated landscapes

Hypsometry (frequency distribution of elevations) is often used to characterize landscape morphology, traditionally in the context of the degree of ﬂuvial dissection. Recently, the hypsometry of glaciated regions has been used to infer how rates of glacial erosion compare with tectonic uplift rates. However, many factors other than tectonics can also exert a major inﬂuence on the hypsometry of a glaciated landscape, resulting in a wide variety of hypsometries. Using examples from the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, the western Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado, and the Ben Ohau Range, New Zealand, we demonstrate that, all else being equal, the hypsometries of neighbouring basins can indicate the relative degree of glacial modiﬁcation in each. A selection of drainage basins from the Rocky Mountains shows that the position of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) within the drainage basin relief is a dominant variable in determining the hypsometry of a glaciated basin. This is a non‐linear effect: once the ELA falls to some critical level, the glaciers scour deeply below the ELA, causing a noticeably different hypsometry. The hypsometry of an arbitrary region encompassing many drainage basins can disguise the variation present in the hypsometries, and thus landforms, of the individual basins. Unique local circumstances, such as the presence of a mountain iceﬁeld (Waiho Basin, Southern Alps), substantial hanging valleys (Avalanche Creek, Glacier National Park), a narrow outlet canyon (Sawmill Creek, Sierra Nevada), and isolated geologic structures (Baker Creek, Sierra Nevada), can have a major impact on the hypsometry of an individual basin. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of Cervical Infections in Colposcopy Clinic Patients

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; herpes simplex virus; cytomegalovirus; Epstein-Barr virus; human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8; or adeno-associated virus influenced the production of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Two hundred thirty-one cervical smear samples were tested for the presence of the organisms by PCR. In addition, human papillomavirus types in the samples were determined by PCR and classified into cancer risk types of high, moderate, and low. There was no link with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia status and detection of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesviruses 6 and 8, gonorrhea, or chlamydia. However, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found more frequently with mixed infection by moderate-risk human papillomavirus types and human herpesvirus 7 than with these papillomavirus types alone. The presence of human herpesvirus 7 may increase the oncogenic potential of moderate-risk human papillomavirus types.
The possibility of kohonen self-organizing map applications in medicine

In many instances, artificial neural networks (ANN) are used as interfaces between real situations with real data and machines or computers. Often, situations arise in which the real environment cannot be eliminated, among them data collection and medical data processing. This contribution deals with several medical domains in which ANNs prove to be a very good alternative to standard methods. The text of the contribution starts from a research project in which we cooperate with several medical facilities. At the centre of concern in our research orientation is improvement of diagnostics, and the ensuing improvement in the treatment of both children and adult patients suffering from diseases affecting social interaction. In all cases described, we apply one of the ANN methods, with particular attention given to alternatives to self-organizing maps (SOM).
Intimate partner violence against women: to screen or not to screen in the emergency department?

The Recommendation Statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC) on the prevention of violence against women was published in the Sept. 16, 2003, issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1 It does not recommend for or against screening for intimate partner violence (IPV), due to insufficient evidence. Although this may seem like a blow to women’s advocacy groups and health organizations, the CTFPHC recommendation gives emergency physicians and nurses some direction based on existing evidence; it suggests we should not expend limited emergency department (ED) resources on IPV screening until it is clear that such screening does more good than harm. Partner violence is a serious heath and social problem but, for a variety of reasons, EDs deal with it less effectively than with other health problems. There are many IPV screening tools — some are even validated in ED settings — but like most screening tests, these have falsepositives and false-negatives that may lead to adverse consequences. 2
Predictors of response to pharmacotherapy with citalopram in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Although serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are the medications of choice in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), only 50-60% of patients respond to a single trial of any of these agents. Improved knowledge of the predictors of response to treatment may have important clinical implications. Data from a large randomized placebo-controlled trial of citalopram in OCD was analysed using logistic regression to determine predictors of response. Demographic (age, sex), clinical (OCD severity and duration, depression severity, prior treatment) and trial variables (citalopram dose, treatment duration) were included. Subjects with longer duration of OCD, more severe OCD symptoms or previous selective SRI use were less likely to be responders in the citalopram trial. In contrast, subjects who received adequate medication doses for sufficient periods of time in the citalopram trial were more likely to be responders. Despite greater awareness of OCD in recent years, there is evidence that the disorder continues to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. The data here emphasize the crucial importance of early diagnosis and treatment of OCD, and of pharmacotherapy with appropriate dose and duration.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING AND IMPROVING THE SAFETY CULTURE ON SAUDI CONSTRUCTION SITES

Improving safety culture is necessary to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities on construction sites internationally. A comparative study of eight developed and Arab countries shows that Saudi Arabia is performing poorest in terms of the rates of major injuries and fatalities, and embedding a safety culture in practice remains a challenge. Three key elements of a safety culture model are identified from the literature: person (safety climate), environment/ situation (safety management system) and behaviour (safety behaviour). These have been constituted into safety culture models. There is also a fourth element relating to organisation. However, there is a lack of research which considers how these components can be integrated into a holistic safety culture model. A conceptual framework is proposed that adopts and integrates these elements for application to the Saudi construction industry. The framework is composed of the three elements derived from the existing frameworks in the literature, and the fourth element of organisational context. The framework will be developed and tested using Saudi construction projects and it is expected that the results of the study will be of benefit to contractors for measuring their own safety culture performance.
Macrophages Transmit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Products to CD4-Negative Cells: Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9

ABSTRACT It was previously reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) spreads in CD4 lymphocytes through cell-to-cell transmission. Here we report that HIV-1-infected macrophages, but not lymphocytes, transmit HIV-1 products to CD4-negative cells of either epithelial, neuronal, or endothelial origin in the absence of overt HIV-1 infection. This phenomenon was detectable as early as 1 h after the start of cocultivation and depended on cell-to-cell contact but not on the release of viral particles from donor cells. Transfer of HIV-1 products occurred upon their polarization and colocalization within zones of cell-to-cell contact similar to virological synapses. Neither HIV-1 Env nor Nef expression was required but, interestingly, we found that an HIV-1-dependent increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 production from donor cells significantly contributed to the cell-to-cell transmission of the viral products. The macrophage-driven transfer of HIV-1 products to diverse CD4-negative cell types may have a significant role in AIDS pathogenesis.
Relationship Between Plasma Insulin and Blood Pressure in South African Black Women in Johannesburg

Objectives To examine the relationship between fasting plasma insulin and blood pressure (BP) in 40 urbanized normotensive South African black women aged 24–60 yr, and to assess the effects of body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose on BP. Research Design and Methods The women comprised equal numbers of young nonobese nondiabetic subjects, middle-aged nonobese nondiabetic subjects, middle-aged obese nondiabetic subjects, and middle-aged obese newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Systolic and diastolic BPs were recorded (in duplicate) after 15 min of recumbency, and fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were determined thereafter. The data were analyzed by simple and multivariate regression. Results There was a wide distribution of individual physical and biochemical features. With simple correlations, systolic BP correlated significantly with age, BMI, and fasting glucose but not with insulin. Diastolic BP correlated significantly with all four variables (r = 0.37, P <0.05). When adjusted for age, BMI, and glucose, however, the significant correlation between diastolic BP and insulin diminished (r = −0.04). Conclusions As in other nonwhite communities, plasma insulin does not appear to play a major role in regulating the BP of South African black women.
Some interactions between morphine and diazepam in the mouse and rabbit.

Some interactions between diazepam and morphine have been examined in the conscious animal, looking particularly at respiratory effects in the rabbit and the relationship between respiratory depression and analgesia in the mouse. Some evidence of potentiation of the respiratory effects of morphine was found in both species. This was manifest as Pco2, changes in the rabbit and depression of respiratory rate in the mouse. No separation between potentiation of morphine analgesia and respiratory rate depression, by diazepam, was found in the mouse.
Optimal Dynamic Pricing Strategies with Two Differentiated Products

Investigating the nature and magnitude of two competitive interaction among differentiated products is important for developing effective marketing strategies. A supply chain system with a manufacturer and two competitive retailers was considered here. The manufacturer produces two differentiated products, who sells the two products to two different competitive retailers respectively, and the two competitive retailers then sell the two products to end consumer in each period. A combination of game theory and dynamic systems concept is used here. The game theory is used to analyze strategic interactions among firms in this supply chain system, dynamic system concept is employed to analyze the evolving equilibrium of the supply chain over time.
Assessing alcohol misuse during pregnancy: evaluating psychometric properties of the CAGE, T-ACE and TWEAK in a Brazilian setting.

OBJECTIVE The present article evaluates the psychometric properties of the Portuguese-language versions of the CAGE, TWEAK and T-ACE questionnaires when used to identify alcohol misuse during pregnancy and compares these to historical data from the English-language versions. Also, construct validity of the Portuguese versions of those instruments was assessed. METHOD Data were collected from March to September 2000 in three large public maternity wards in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sample size varied according to the analysis. An intra-observer reliability evaluation involved 95 replications carried out within a 24-48 hour period. Kappa was used as an estimator. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, whether or not each item from the analysis was excluded, and the item-rest point-biserial correlations addressed internal consistency (N = 786). For the appraisal of construct validity (n = 528), the relationship between alcohol misuse (evaluated by each instrument according to different cutoff points) and several putative underlying theoretically related dimensions (schooling, age, smoking, marital status, social support, illicit drug use, domestic violence and per capita household income) were evaluated. RESULTS All kappas were above 0.70. The alpha coefficients for the Portuguese versions ranged from 0.48 to 0.68, a finding consistent with studies assessing the original instruments in English. Yet, irrespective of the instrument concerned a systematic increase was observed whenever the item on morning alcohol use ("Eye-opener") was removed from the analysis. Regarding construct validity, most tested hypotheses were corroborated, except for the CAGE using the cut-off point of 2. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms other authors' findings that all but the aforementioned CAGE may be recommended to identify heavy alcohol use during pregnancy in general as well as in Portuguese-speaking populations in particular.
Phosphate Complexation Model and Its Implications for Chemical Phosphorus Removal

A phosphate complexation model is developed, in an attempt to understand the mechanistic basis of chemically mediated phosphate removal. The model presented here is based on geochemical reaction modeling techniques and uses known surface reactions possible on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). The types of surface reactions and their reaction stoichiometry and binding energies (logK values) are taken from literature models of phosphate interactions with iron oxides. The most important modeling parameter is the proportionality of converting moles of precipitated HFO to reactive site density. For well‐mixed systems and phosphate exposed to ferric chloride during HFO precipitation, there is a phosphate capacity of 1.18 phosphate ions per iron atom. In poorly mixed systems with phosphate exposed to iron after HFO formation, the capacity decreased to 25% of the well‐mixed value. The same surface complexation model can describe multiple data sets, by varying only a single parameter proportional to the availability of reactive oxygen functional groups. This reflects the unavailability of reactive oxygen groups to bind phosphate. Electron microscope images and dye adsorption experiments demonstrate changes in reactive surface area with aging of HFO particles. Engineering implications of the model/mechanism are highlighted.
Two-Way Radio Networks with a Star Topology

Achievable rates for two-way half-duplex relay channels are considered. This channel model is applicable to wireless networks with a star topology characterized by a traffic model where all traffic in the network traverses the relay due to the lack of a reliable direct link between the nodes. The coding and multiple-access strategies make use of network coding at the relay in addition to analog forwarding with interference cancellation at the receivers. An achievable rate region for discrete-memoryless networks is given as well as extensions for the additive white Gaussian network
Strand specific RNA-sequencing and membrane lipid profiling reveals growth phase-dependent cold stress response mechanisms in Listeria monocytogenes

The human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes continues to pose a challenge in the food industry, where it is known to contaminate ready-to-eat foods and grow during refrigerated storage. Increased knowledge of the cold-stress response of this pathogen will enhance the ability to control it in the food-supply-chain. This study utilized strand-specific RNA sequencing and whole cell fatty acid (FA) profiling to characterize the bacterium’s cold stress response. RNA and FAs were extracted from a cold-tolerant strain at five time points between early lag phase and late stationary-phase, both at 4°C and 20°C. Overall, more genes (1.3×) were suppressed than induced at 4°C. Late stationary-phase cells exhibited the greatest number (n = 1,431) and magnitude (>1,000-fold) of differentially expressed genes (>2-fold, p<0.05) in response to cold. A core set of 22 genes was upregulated at all growth phases, including nine genes required for branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) synthesis, the osmolyte transporter genes opuCBCD, and the internalin A and D genes. Genes suppressed at 4°C were largely associated with cobalamin (B12) biosynthesis or the production/export of cell wall components. Antisense transcription accounted for up to 1.6% of total mapped reads with higher levels (2.5×) observed at 4°C than 20°C. The greatest number of upregulated antisense transcripts at 4°C occurred in early lag phase, however, at both temperatures, antisense expression levels were highest in late stationary-phase cells. Cold-induced FA membrane changes included a 15% increase in the proportion of BCFAs and a 15% transient increase in unsaturated FAs between lag and exponential phase. These increases probably reduced the membrane phase transition temperature until optimal levels of BCFAs could be produced. Collectively, this research provides new information regarding cold-induced membrane composition changes in L. monocytogenes, the growth-phase dependency of its cold-stress regulon, and the active roles of antisense transcripts in regulating its cold stress response.
A 65nm 2-Billion-Transistor Quad-Core Itanium® Processor

The next generation in the Itanium processor family is introduced. The processor has 4 dual-threaded cores integrated on die with a system interface and 30MB of cache in an 8M 65nm process. The 21.5times32. 5mm2 die contains 2.05 billion transistors. The silicon is designed to operate the cores up to 2.0GHz and the system interface at 2.4GHz, with a thermal design power (TDP) of 170W at 110degC.