Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonequilibrium Modeling of Steam Plasma in a Nontransferred Direct-Current Torch

This paper proposes a magnetohydrodynamic model that does not assume local thermal equilibrium (LTE) to predict the flow field and electron temperature and species density distributions inside a direct-current nontransferred-arc steam torch with a well-type cathode at atmospheric pressure. A steady, axisymmetric flow is assumed, and the azimuthal velocity component is not neglected. A finite volume method is adopted to solve the continuity equation, the current continuity equation, the momentum equation, and the energy equation according to a k-ε turbulence model. Ohm's law is used to calculate the induced magnetic field, and Ampere's circuital law is adopted to compute the current distribution in space. Fifty-two chemical and plasma kinetic equations are employed to describe the interactions among the 12 main species of water plasma, H2O, OH, H, O, H2, O2, HO2, H2O2, O3, H+, O+, and electrons, considered in this paper. The electron temperature is predicted from the transport equation based on the electron energy balance, whereas the transport coefficients of the plasma are obtained from the Chapman-Enskog solution of the Boltzmann equation. The thermal plasma flow of steam inside the plasma torch, which measures 503 mm in length and 9 mm in radius, is predicted to have I=180 A and Q=5 g/s. The non-LTE simulation suggests that a plasma temperature of 11600 K and flow velocity of 3.8 km/s can be achieved at the center of the torch outlet. Compared with the LTE model, the non-LTE calculation yields lower plasma temperature and higher axial velocity at the torch outlet. The calculated electron temperature principally varies between 1 and 3 eV, and energetic electrons occur not only near the electrode surfaces but also within the axial electric arc. The model predictions suggest that the thermal plasma is well approximated as LTE in the hot plasma core, which is characterized by an isothermal contour of 10 kK, and in the vicinity of the electrodes. The deviation from the LTE condition predominantly grows with the radial coordinate, and the temperature ratio approaches unity at the electrode surfaces. The dominant species components of the water plasma in the inner region (r<; 6 mm) at the torch outlet are monoatomic and ionic species of H and O, whereas the diatomic species and water molecule become relatively important in the outer region (r >6 mm) at the torch outlet.
Clinical outcome of daily dialysis.

Dialysis patients are prone to malnutrition, which may be counteracted by daily home hemodialysis (DHHD, 6 times a week) due to improved clinical outcome and quality of life. Eleven patients were treated with DHHD during 18 months, after a run-in period with three dialysis sessions a week. The total weekly dialysis dose was kept constant during the first 6 months of DHHD, whereupon it was allowed to increase. KT/V was 3.1 +/- 0.5 at baseline, 3.2 +/- 0.5 after 6 months and 4.0 +/- 0.8 at 18 months. Blood pressure decreased from 142 +/- 19/83 +/- 8 to 130 +/- 25/79 +/- 9 mmHg with a more than 50% reduction in antihypertensive medication. Potassium did not change, but potassium binding resins could be stopped almost completely. Bicarbonate increased from 20.6 +/- 3.3 to 23.1 +/- 2.6 mEq/L after 18 months. Patients with a protein intake of less than 1.0 g/kg/d showed a greater increase in body weight (62.3 +/- 6.0 to 65.5 +/- 3.7, P: < 0.05) and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) (0.87 +/- 0.08 to 1.25 +/- 0.36, ns) than patients with acceptable protein intake (>/=1.0 g/kg/d). Phosphate decreased, though not significantly, especially in the latter group. Erythropoietin dose could be reduced from 6400 +/- 5400 U/L at baseline to 5100 +/- 4000 U/L at 18 months. Quality of life improved significantly, especially with to respect to physical condition and mental health. The DHHD markedly improves hemodynamic control and quality of life. Overall nutritional parameters did not change, except cholesterol. Patients with a low protein intake, however, showed a significant increase in body weight, and a greater rise in nPCR.
Leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin‐6, and their receptors are expressed transiently in the olfactory mucosa after target ablation

Removal of the synaptic targets of olfactory receptor neurons by olfactory bulb ablation results in apoptosis of olfactory receptor neurons and up‐regulation of proliferation of their progenitors. This study focuses on the expression of the neuropoietic cytokines leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its receptor (LIFR) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and its receptor (IL‐6R) in intercellular signaling pathways in the olfactory mucosa after target ablation. Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) resulted in several transient, early‐onset, temporally integrated events that were detected immunohistochemically. Macrophages infiltrated the olfactory epithelium (OE) by 16 hours post‐OBX. LIF expression was up‐regulated transiently at 2 days post‐OBX, when up‐regulated expression of LIFR also was detected on globose basal cells (GBCs), a subpopulation of which are immediate progenitors of olfactory receptor neurons. GBC proliferation peaked at 3–4 days post‐OBX. In the olfactory nerve (ON), LIF‐positive and IL‐6‐positive macrophage infiltration was followed by the transient up‐regulation of expression of LIFR, IL‐6, and IL‐6R in ensheathing cells by 3 days post‐OBX. The mRNAs for LIF/LIFR, IL‐6/IL‐6R, and their common signal‐transduction molecule, gp130, in olfactory‐nasal mucosa from control mice and from 3‐day post‐OBX mice were detected with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Analysis of Northern blot and relative quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated similar temporal patterns of changes in relative mRNA levels for both LIF and IL‐6, which were up‐regulated by 16 hours post‐OBX and peaked at 2–3 days post‐OBX. These data indicate that LIF from infiltrating macrophages acts as a mitogen for GBCs and that LIF from infiltrating macrophages and IL‐6 from infiltrating macrophages and ensheathing cells act as repair factors in the ON. J. Comp. Neurol. 435:60–77, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pious Policymaking: The Participatory Satires of Stephen Colbert

Stephen Colbert received wide critical acclaim for satirizing campaign finance law through forming a Super PAC on his television program The Colbert Report (2005–2014). Noteworthy in his technique was his decision in 2011 to take his conservative character directly into the workings of the Federal Election Commission, an approach he also used when delivering humorous testimony before a House of Representatives subcommittee on immigration the year before. This article considers Colbert’s activity within the government in these instances—activity that this article calls participatory satire—from the perspective of postmodernism. While destabilizing the boundary between stage and government as he did is inescapably postmodern in approach, expectations for behavior within these institutions combine with the real-world consequences of policymaking to resist a complete rejection of liberal democracy. With irony removed as a humorous tool by the rules of his chosen venues, Colbert ran the risk of reinforcing the very conditions his satire sought to critique.
Analisis Pengaruh Return On Net Operating Assets, Asset Turnover, Profit Margin beserta Perubahannya dan Growth In Net Operating Assets terhadap Perubahan Profitabilitas Tahun Berikut

This study aims to analyze the effect of growth in net operating assets and return on net operating assets of the change in return on net operating assets on following year. In addition, this study also wanted to know whether DuPont analysis that separates the return on net operating assets into asset turnover and profit margins as well as change in return on net operating assets to change in asset turnover and change in profit margin is useful in predicting the change in return on net operating assets following year. This study used 102 non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange(BEI) in the year 2002-2006. Testing was conducted using linear regression methods. This study uses return on net operating assets, asset turnover, profit margins and its amendments and the growth in net operating assets as the independent variable and the change in return on net operating assets next year as the dependent variable. The results showed that the return on net operating assets and growth in net operating assets have a significant influence, but the change in return on net operating assets no significant effect on change in return on net operating assets following year. In addition, asset turnover and profit margin and its amendments also had no significant effect.
A Ascensão Da China E A Contestação Do Dólar Após A Crise Financeira Global

The global financial crisis partially deteriorated the American power. The continuity of hegemonic position of this country depends on maintaining the dollar-flexible standard. In this sense, the rise of China in the international scenario assumes a central role in the restructuring of the interstate system, challenging US hegemony. Therefore, it is essential that the Renminbi replaces the dollar as the international currency, because the consolidation of a country as a hegemonic nation depending on the internationalization of its currency. Hence, rise China is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the changes that the interstate system has experienced and trying to understand which will be the role of the dollar and China in this new international rearrangement. Key-Words: Global Financial Crisis; Dolar; Rise of China. Area 7: International Economy. JEL Classification: F59, O53, P16 Aluno do curso de doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia da UFRGS (PPGE/UFRGS). Bolsista CAPES. E-mail: castellijonattan@gmail.com 2 Meus agradecimentos a Giliad de Souza Silva (PPGE-UFRGS) e à Marianna Gonçalves Abreu (Faculdade Relações Internacionais/PUC-RIO) por seus comentários inestimáveis, eximindo-os de qualquer erro ou omissão que porventura este artigo venha a apresentar.
Zoladex and Flutamide Versus Bilateral Orchiectomy

A total of 327 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were randomized to either bilateral orchiectomy or treatment with zoladex depot supplemented by flutamide 250 mg 3 qid. Statistically significant increases in time to subjective and objective progression were recorded in favor of the combination treatment. No differences in time to death by cancer or overall death were recorded. The clinical significance of these differences will be reassessed once additional follow‐up is available and further analysis of the overall clinical material has been carried out. Cancer 66:1045–1057, 1990.
Armchair versus Armchair: Let’s Not Try to Guess the Social Value of Corporate Objectives

Jones and Felps claim that social welfare would be enhanced, if corporate managers adopted the goal of directly improving the happiness of their stakeholders instead of profit maximization. I argue that their argument doesn’t establish this. They show that a utilitarian case for profit orientation cannot be made from the armchair. But neither can the case for Jones and Felps’ preferred alternative. And their defense of it relies on empirically unsubstantiated assumptions. IN A PAIR of recent articles, Thomas Jones and Will Felps (2013a, 2013b) argue that (2013b: 354, emphasis in the original): for publicly-held corporations in developed economies, the direct pursuit of social welfare, through a corporate objective we call stakeholder happiness enhancement (SHE), should replace the profit motive as the driving force behind economic activity. Ryerson University. Email: haskovonkriegstein@ryerson.ca 1 ____________________________________________ Discuss this commentary at http://bejr.co/2016-0403x Cite as: Bus Ethics J Rev 4(3): 14–20, http://doi.org/10.12747/bejr2016.04. 03 Edited by Chris MacDonald & Alexei Marcoux
A Historical Overview of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Focusing on Technological Innovations

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been used clinically for more than 30 years. Today, MRI serves as the primary diagnostic modality for many clinical problems. In this article, historical developments in the field of MRI will be discussed with a focus on technological innovations. Topics include the initial discoveries in nuclear magnetic resonance that allowed for the advent of MRI as well as the development of whole-body, high field strength, and open MRI systems. Dedicated imaging coils, basic pulse sequences, contrast-enhanced, and functional imaging techniques will also be discussed in a historical context. This article describes important technological innovations in the field of MRI, together with their clinical applicability today, providing critical insights into future developments.
Interferon alpha for the treatment of advanced renal cancer

This paper is an overview on the place of IFN-α in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC). After a presentation of MRCC and the mode of action of IFN-α, the results of studies including IFN-α alone or in combination with IL-2, chemotherapy and other biological modifiers are presented. Finally, new trends for new drugs, including antiangiogenic therapies, are discussed.
An Assessment of the implementation of Affirmative Action in education in Malaysia

Malaysia, in order to achieve its objective and aspiration in Vision 2020 of being a developed country by 2020 and transforming the economy into a knowledge-based one, considers the human resource development as an important strategy. Despite of Malaysian government’s high investment in education, relative to GDP, the quality and competitiveness of labour force in Malaysia is debatable. The implementation of ethnic-based affirmative action policies in the country is considered as one of the reasons for its ill-prepared workforce. Given the above concerns, this thesis seeks to assess the affirmative action policies in education in Malaysia
Problems found in the over-75s by the annual health check.

BACKGROUND Research into the health of elderly people has found problems unknown to their general practitioners. It was anticipated that annual checks, as required by the 1990 general practitioner contract, would help to detect these problems, yet the value of these checks has been questioned. AIM To investigate the problems found by general practice contractual annual checks of the over-75s and the consequent actions taken; to identify patient, demographic or practice characteristics associated with the discovery of problems. METHOD In 40 practices, information was collected on patients over 75 years of age receiving a health check during a 3-month period. Practices used their normal methods of recruitment and assessment. Practice staff were interviewed to find how assessments were organized. RESULTS Practices saw a mean of 12% of their over-75s during the study; 44% were found to have at least one problem. Action was taken to help resolve problems in 82% of patients with a problem. The most prevalent problems related to physical condition, and fewer functional problems than expected were found. There were large differences between practices in the proportions of elderly patients seen for a check and the proportion found to have problems; these were not attributable to practice size or demography. Multivariate analysis showed that practice or patient characteristics were poor predictors of finding problems. CONCLUSION The argument in favour of conducting annual checks is supported by the finding that nearly half the patients assessed were found to have problems for which some action was taken. Some practices could increase their rate of uptake by modifying the organization of invitations for checks. More problems may be found by adopting a more functionally based assessment.
The invest ı gat ı on of GSTT 1 , GSTM 1 and SOD polymorphism in bladder cancer pat ı ents

Glutathione S transferases (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) are enzymes that activate the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous agents. The genetic polymorphism in these genes may change the response of individuals to environmental toxicants. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 have been studied extensively in the determination of individual cancer risks. Some studies showed a strong relationship between polymorphism of GSTs and superoxidedismutase enzymes. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1 and MnSOD (Manganese Superoxide Dismurase) was investigated in 104 cases and controls to seek any association with the risk of bladder cancer. The frequency of GSTT1 +/+ polymorphism was 65% (33/51) in the cases and 79% (42/53) in the controls. The frequency of the GSTM1 +/+ polymorphism was 33% (17/51) in the cases and 58% (31/53) in the controls. The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype was 42% (22/53) in the controls and 68% (34/51) in the patients. The frequency of the SOD AA genotype was 36% (17/51) in the cases and 33% (19/53) in the controls. There was no association between the GSTT1 and SOD polymorphism and bladder cancer incidence. The incidence of the GSTM1 null genotype was increased in bladder cancer patients compared to controls (OR = 1.755, 95% CI = 1.119–2.751).
Autoencoder with Extended Morphological Profile for Hyperspectral Image Classification

A simple but efficient method is proposed in this paper to exploit the capability of autoencoder with Extended Morphological Profile (EMP) for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. In our work, the extended morphological profile is employed to extract the spatial information, then we join it with the spectral feature to describe the spectral- spatial property of the hyperspectral image. The obtained features are then fed into an autoencoder as input. After pre-training, the reconstruction layer is removed, then the network is equipped with a logistic regression at the last layer, with the role of supervised fine-tuning and classification. Experiments on KSC data set indicates that the proposed scheme can indeed achieve better performance of feature learning than the primitive features.
Mechanisms of complement resistance induced by non‐lethal complement attack and by growth arrest

Non‐lethal complement (C) attack on K562 cells has been shown to induce a transient resistance to lethal amounts of C. We have previously shown that incubation of K562 with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) caused an increase in both CD59 expression and resistance to C killing and we were interested to examine whether non‐lethal C attack caused a similar effect. We here demonstrate that expression of the C inhibitors decay‐accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and CD59 was unaltered on K562 after non‐lethal C attack and that neutralization of these inhibitors with specific blocking antibodies did not reverse the induced resistance. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of resistance we searched for other conditions that might induce C resistance in K562 cells. Growth‐arrested cells showed a similar degree of resistance to C killing. The levels of DAF and MCP on these cells were unaltered whereas expression of CD59 was markedly reduced. Non‐lethal C attack on these growth‐arrested cells induced a further increase in resistance to C killing, suggesting that the mechanisms of resistance were not identical. Indeed, resistance of non‐lethally attacked cells was completely lost within 8 hr of attack whereas resistance of growth‐arrested cells was detectable for up to 48 hr after returning to cell cycle. These data demonstrate that C resistance induced by two distinct strategies is not mediated by the known membrane C inhibitors. Resistance may be a result of the expression of a novel inhibitor or due to metabolic depletion, a likely common consequence of non‐lethal C attack and induction of growth arrest, implying that cells take an active role in C‐mediated killing.
A clinical, prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with hydroquinone vs. placebo in the treatment of melasma

Objectives To compare, in a double‐blind, randomized, prospective study, the clinical improvement of hyperpigmentation in 30 patients with melasma using hydroquinone or skin whitening complex topically on one side of the face vs. a placebo cream on the other. The study was performed during the period November 2000 to March 2001 at the Federal University of São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina.
Metabolic effects of dietary fructose

Fructose, a naturally occurring hexose, is a component of many fruits, vegetables, and sweeteners. Because of the introduction of high fructose corn sweeteners in 1967, the amount of free fructose in the diet of Americans has increased substantially in the last 20 years. Fructose is sweeter, more soluble, and less glucogenic than glucose or sucrose, so it has been recommended as a replacement for these sugars in the diets of diabetic and obese people. Although an acute dose of fructose causes smaller increases in glucose and insulin than a comparable dose of glucose, there are a number of changes after dietary adaptation that may reduce its desirability as a sugar replacement in certain segments of the population. Fructose is absorbed primarily in the jejunum and metabolized in the liver. When consumed in excess of dietary glucose, it may be malabsorbed. Fructose is more lipogenic than glucose or starches, and usually causes greater elevations in triglycerides and sometimes in cholesterol than other carbohydrates. Dietary fructose has resulted in increases in blood pressure, uric acid, and lactic acid. People who are hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic, noninsulin‐dependent diabetic, or postmenopausal are more susceptible to these adverse effects of dietary fructose than healthy young subjects. Although consumption of fructose as a component of fruits and vegetables is an unavoidable consequence of eating a healthy diet, added fructose seems to provide little advantage over other caloric sweeteners and compares unfavorably to complex carbohydrates in susceptible segments of the population. — Hallfrisch, J. Metabolic effects of dietary fructose. FASEB J. 4: 2652‐2660; 1990.
An Analysis of the Correlation between Internet Public Opinion and Stock Market

Previous studies have shown that changes in human emotions or public opinions can have an impact on volatility of stock market. In this paper, we make use of the unstructured comments data from the stock forum on the Shanghai Composite Index to generate the structural emotion time series of the stock market based on a series of methods including word segmentation, feature extraction, machine learning and modeling techniques. Then, we analyze the relationship between the stock price changes and the emotional index. From the results, it can be seen that stock emotional index has strong interaction with volatility of stock market. Therefore, the emotion index changes may be used as a tool for future stock market trend prediction.