Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new design technique for low power subthreshold logic circuits with enhanced robustness against process variations

Designing logic circuits in the subthreshold regime is one of the most effective ways to reduce the power consumption of digital circuits. In the subthreshold region, the current is an exponential function of the threshold voltage and the behavior of transistors is more susceptible to process variations. In this paper, we present a new design technique that helps reduce the impact of process variations on the circuit. The proposed technique is implemented on the static C2MOS flip-flop and the flip flop is used in a shift register. The circuit is simulated in the 90nm CMOS technology using a 0.2V supply voltage. Simulation results show that the robustness of the circuit is improved while the power consumption and the area are kept at minimum.
Endobronchial Valve Therapy in Patients with Homogeneous Emphysema. Results from the IMPACT Study.

RATIONALE Endobronchial valves (EBVs) have been successfully used in patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema to improve lung physiology. Limited available data suggest that EBVs are also effective in homogeneous emphysema. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of EBVs in patients with homogeneous emphysema with absence of collateral ventilation assessed with the Chartis system. METHODS Prospective, multicenter, 1:1 randomized controlled trial of EBV plus standard of care (SoC) or SoC alone. Primary outcome was the percentage change in FEV1 (liters) at 3 months relative to baseline in the EBV group versus the SoC group. Secondary outcomes included changes in FEV1, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-minute-walk distance (6MWD), and target lobe volume reduction. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ninety-three subjects (age, 63.7 ± 6.1 yr [mean ± SD]; FEV1, % predicted, 29.3 ± 6.5; residual volume, % predicted, 275.4 ± 59.4) were allocated to either the EBV group (n = 43) or the SoC group (n = 50). In the intention-to-treat population, at 3 months postprocedure, improvement in FEV1 from baseline was 13.7 ± 28.2% in the EBV group and -3.2 ± 13.0% in the SoC group (mean between-group difference, 17.0%; P = 0.0002). Other variables demonstrated statistically and clinically significant changes from baseline to 3 months (EBV vs. SoC, respectively: SGRQ, -8.63 ± 11.25 vs. 1.01 ± 9.36; and 6MWD, 22.63 ± 66.63 m vs. -17.34 ± 52.8 m). Target lobe volume reduction at 3 months was -1,195 ± 683 ml (P < 0.0001). Of the EBV subjects, 97.2% achieved volume reduction in the target lobe (P < 0.0001). Procedure-related pneumothoraces occurred in 11 subjects (25.6%). Five subjects required removal/replacement of one or more valves. One subject experienced two valve migration events requiring removal/replacement of valves. CONCLUSIONS EBV in patients with homogeneous emphysema without collateral ventilation results in clinically meaningful benefits of improved lung function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life.
Comparison of Contralateral Pallidotomy vs. Pallidal Stimulation After Prior Unilateral Pallidotomy for Parkinson's Disease

Objectives: Pallidal stimulation and pallidotomy are known to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is not known which modality produces greater benefit in patients who have already undergone unilateral pallidotomy. It is also suggested that the original pallidal surgery provides a greater benefit than subsequent pallidal surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze which modality produced greater PD symptom improvement in patients with a prior pallidotomy and whether the chronological order of the pallidal surgery influenced the size of the improvement.
Screw versus Cement Retained Prosthesis: A Review

Selection of the best suited prosthesis type for replacement of missing teeth depends on a thorough patient’s examination, age, bone support, abutment teeth, systemic health and socio-economic state. The treatment modalities as of date ranges from removable or fixed partial denture to implants supported prosthesis, each one presented with its own pros and cons. Due to the high success rates of dental implants, their prevalence in the rehabilitation of partially dentate and edentulous patients is growing year by year. This article provides an overview of the different characteristics of screw- and cement-retained implant restorations, and how they may influence the esthetics, retrievability, retention, passivity, occlusion, accessibility, cost, and provisional restorations. An understanding of their properties will help the clinician in selecting the ideal prosthesis for each clinical case while promoting final esthetic outcomes. Keyword: Abutment teeth, Implants, Partial denture, Missing teeth, Speech
Assessment of improvement of myocardial fatty acid uptake and function after revascularization using iodine-123-BMIPP.

UNLABELLED We used beta-methyl iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) to evaluate changes in myocardial fatty acid utilization before and after revascularization and the ability of BMIPP to predict functional recovery in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. METHODS Thirty-four patients with chronic coronary artery disease (60 +/- 10 yr) underwent BMIPP and 201Tl SPECT (stress-reinjection 201Tl in 29 patients and resting 201Tl in 5 patients) before and 2-5 wk after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (n = 23) or coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 11). Cardiac function was evaluated by gated blood-pool scintigraphy (n = 26) or two-dimensional echocardiography (n = 8) before and after revascularization. RESULTS In 32 patients with reduced BMIPP uptake before revascularization, scintigraphic findings with 201Tl improved in 28 patients after revascularization. In these 28 patients, BMIPP uptake improved in 20 patients (71%). Wall motion abnormality was observed in 16 of these 20 patients before revascularization, with 15 showing wall motion improvement after revascularization. In eight patients without improvement of BMIPP uptake, despite 201Tl uptake improvement, wall motion abnormality was observed in four patients before revascularization; after revascularization, one showed wall motion recovery, and three did not. Ejection fraction (EF) improvement after revascularization correlated best with the area of improved BMIPP uptake (r = 0.84, p < 0.0005). EF improvement also correlated with the area of improved reinjection 201Tl uptake (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) and improved 201Tl uptake at stress after revascularization (r = 0.48, p < 0.05). The area of discordant uptake of BMIPP less than reinjection 201Tl uptake before revascularization was a good predictor of EF improvement after revascularization (r = 0.58, p < 0.01); however, the area of reversible 201Tl defect was not (r = 0.34, p = 0.15). CONCLUSION In patients with chronic coronary artery disease, functional improvement after revascularization is closely related to the recovery of BMIPP uptake. Discordant BMIPP uptake less than reinjection 201Tl uptake is a potential predictor of functional recovery.
A novel cholesterol‐insensitive mode of membrane binding promotes cytolysin‐mediated translocation by Streptolysin O

Cytolysin‐mediated translocation (CMT), performed by Streptococcus pyogenes, utilizes the cholesterol‐dependent cytolysin Streptolysin O (SLO) to translocate the NAD+‐glycohydrolase (SPN) into the host cell during infection. SLO is required for CMT and can accomplish this activity without pore formation, but the details of SLO's interaction with the membrane preceding SPN translocation are unknown. Analysis of binding domain mutants of SLO and binding domain swaps between SLO and homologous cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins revealed that membrane binding by SLO is necessary but not sufficient for CMT, demonstrating a specific requirement for SLO in this process. Despite being the only known receptor for SLO, this membrane interaction does not require cholesterol. Depletion of cholesterol from host membranes and mutation of SLO's cholesterol recognition motif abolished pore formation but did not inhibit membrane binding or CMT. Surprisingly, SLO requires the coexpression and membrane localization of SPN to achieve cholesterol‐insensitive membrane binding; in the absence of SPN, SLO's binding is characteristically cholesterol‐dependent. SPN's membrane localization also requires SLO, suggesting a co‐dependent, cholesterol‐insensitive mechanism of membrane binding occurs, resulting in SPN translocation.
Running head : the ETR 1 N-terminus-Mediated Signaling

etr1-1is a dominant ethylene receptor gene in Arabidopsis and confers ethylene insensitivity. The truncated etr1-1(1-349) protein is capable of repressing ethylene responses while etr1(1-349) is not, lending support to a hypothesis that the dominant etr1-1(1-349) could convert wild-type receptors to an ethylene-insensitive state. Assuming that etr1-1(1-349) and etr1(1-349) would share a same signaling mechanism, we hypothesize that the etr1(1-349) protein is capable of repressing ethylene responses when not bound with ethylene. In this study, we show that both etr1(1-349) and etr1-1(1-349) are capable of receptor signal output which is primarily dependent of subfamily I receptors. The etr1(1-349) and etr1-1(1-349) clones were individually transformed to mutants and the resulting phenotypes were scored. Each of those transgenes restored the rosette growth and flower fertility of etr1-7 ers1-2 to a similar extent. In contrast, neither etr1(1-349) nor etr1-1(1-349) was capable of signal output in etr1-7 ers1-3. The ERS1 transcript was detectable in ers1-2 but not in ers1-3, implying that the ETR1 N-terminus signaling is subfamily I-dependent. Loss of the subfamily II receptor genes did not perturb the etr1-1(1-349)-mediated ethylene insensitivity. Possible roles of subfamily I receptors and disulfide linkages in the ETR1 receptor signal output mediated through the N-terminus are discussed.
A subspace decomposition approach toward recognizing valid pulsatile signals

Following recent studies, the automatic analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) pulses appears to be a promising tool for the prediction of critical intracranial and cerebrovascular pathophysiological variations during the management of many neurological disorders. A pulse analysis framework has been recently developed to automatically extract morphological features of ICP pulses. The algorithm is capable of enhancing the quality of ICP signals, recognizing valid (not contaminated with noise or artifacts) ICP pulses and designating the locations of the three ICP sub-peaks in a pulse. This paper extends the algorithm by proposing a singular value decomposition (SVD) technique to replace the correlation-based approach originally utilized in recognizing valid ICP pulses. The validation of the proposed method is conducted on a large database of ICP signals built from 700 h of recordings from 67 neurosurgical patients. A comparative analysis of the valid ICP recognition using the proposed SVD technique and the correlation-based method demonstrates a significant improvement in terms of (1) accuracy (61.96% reduction in the false positive rate while keeping the true positive rate as high as 99.08%) and (2) computational time (91.14% less time consumption), all in favor of the proposed method. Finally, this SVD-based valid pulse recognition can be potentially applied to process pulsatile signals other than ICP because no proprietary ICP features are incorporated in the algorithm.
A 12.3-mW 12.5-Gb/s Complete Transceiver in 65-nm CMOS Process

A 12.3-mW 12.5-Gb/s complete transceiver based on the 65-nm standard digital CMOS process was developed. The chip includes a clock-and-data-recovery (CDR) device, a multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX), and a global clock-distribution network. To reduce power consumption, a low-swing voltage-mode driver with pulse-current boosting and an LC resonant-clock distribution with distributed on-chip inductors are used in the transmitter, while a symbol-rate phase detector (SPD) using a three-stage sense amplifier and phase-rotating phase-locked loop (PLL) with variable delay are used in the receiver. The transceiver operates at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-12 or less through a 20-cm test board with total attenuation of -12.1 dB while consuming power of 0.98 mW/(Gb/s) per transceiver.
Functional form and risk adjustment of hospital costs: Bayesian analysis of a Box–Cox random coefficients model

While risk‐adjusted outcomes are often used to compare the performance of hospitals and physicians, the most appropriate functional form for the risk adjustment process is not always obvious for continuous outcomes such as costs. Semi‐log models are used most often to correct skewness in cost data, but there has been limited research to determine whether the log transformation is sufficient or whether another transformation is more appropriate. This study explores the most appropriate functional form for risk‐adjusting the cost of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Data included patients undergoing CABG surgery at four hospitals in the midwest and were fit to a Box–Cox model with random coefficients (BCRC) using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Marginal likelihoods and Bayes factors were computed to perform model comparison of alternative model specifications. Rankings of hospital performance were created from the simulation output and the rankings produced by Bayesian estimates were compared to rankings produced by standard models fit using classical methods. Results suggest that, for these data, the most appropriate functional form is not logarithmic, but corresponds to a Box–Cox transformation of −1. Furthermore, Bayes factors overwhelmingly rejected the natural log transformation. However, the hospital ranking induced by the BCRC model was not different from the ranking produced by maximum likelihood estimates of either the linear or semi‐log model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health among Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence

Abstract This study described the frequency of different adverse childhood experience (ACE) types described by women with recent IPV and examined the effects of each ACE type on women’s mental health. Over 70% of women reported parental separation or divorce, over 40% reported childhood sexual assault, and around 40% had a mother who was treated violently. Childhood physical abuse and sexual assault were associated with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder or depressive symptoms. Comprehensive interventions that address not only the effects of IPV but also the enduring effects of ACEs are needed to promote mental health for survivors of IPV.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA USE AMONG BLACKS.

BACKGROUND Increased legalization of marijuana has resulted in renewed interest in its effects on body weight and cardiometabolic risk. Conflicting data exist regarding marijuana effects on body weight, waist circumference as well as lipid profiles, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, there is a dearth of data available on this effect in the black population. OBJECTIVE To assess the metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk factors as well as body weight and waist circumference among urban black marijuana users. METHODS A cross sectional study design involving 100 patients seen in a Family Practice clinic at University hospital of Brooklyn, NY, USA, over a period of 3 months from January 2014 to March 2014. Participants were administered a questionnaire regarding marijuana use, and other associated behaviors. Socio-demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were collected. We report measures of central tendencies, and dispersion for continuous variables and the frequency of distribution for categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 100 patients surveyed, 57% were females. The mean (±SEM) age of the entire cohort was 46.3 years±1.5; range, 19-78 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.6 kg/m2±0.73; SBP=128.0 mmHg±1.69; DBP=76.1 mmHg±1.17. Current marijuana users had the lowest waist circumference compared to former or never users respectively (32.9±0.66 vs. 35.9±0.88 vs. 33.4±0.74), p<0.01. Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg was significantly higher among former marijuana users compared to current or never users, (80.0±2.1 vs. 73.3±2.3 vs. 73.4±1.6), p<0.01. Current marijuana users showed a tendency (not statistically significant) towards lower total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure, compared to former users or never users. CONCLUSION Current marijuana use is associated with significantly lower waist circumference, compared to former users and never users. Except for diastolic BP that was significantly lower among current users, other metabolic parameters showed tendency towards favorable profile. Further studies are needed to characterize the metabolic effects and to elucidate mechanisms of actions of marijuana in view of its rapid rate of utilization in the USA and around the world.
The dieback cycle in Victorian forests: a 30-year study of changes caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi in Victorian open forests, woodlands and heathlands

Changes in both vegetation and population and distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi were monitored periodically between 1970 and 2000 on defined, infested quadrats and on similar pathogen-free quadrats on 13 sites representing major types of open eucalypt forest, woodland and heathland. The susceptible eucalypts in the overstorey of infested sites showed severe dieback, loss of crown or deaths. All trees died on some sites, trees at other sites presented dead leaders with epicormic growth on lower branches. Dieback of the heathy understorey, followed by death, occurred in 50–75% of the species, including the dominant Xanthorrhoea australis, thereby changing the community structure and the species composition. Species richness in infested quadrats declined, and percentage cover and percentage contribution to the community by susceptible species were almost eliminated. The ground remained bare on steep slopes, but on other sites the susceptible flora was replaced by fieId-resistant species of sedges and rushes, and by partly resistant teatrees (Leptospermum spp.) that formed a dense cover. The pathogen was isolated from 100% of the root samples from infested quadrats from 1970 to 1984, but isolation frequency then gradually declined. In 2000, P. cinnamomi was rare on six sites and not isolated from four. Regeneration of 30–40 susceptible species, previously eliminated from the quadrats, was recorded from infested quadrats and two thirds of these were growing on more than one quadrat. Substantial regeneration of the previously dominant but highly susceptible X. australis occurred at four sites. Crown recovery of the trees was not observed. It is not yet clear whether the regeneration of the understorey is stable, or whether successive cycles of disease and recovery will occur.
Hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction in acute nonmycobacterial infections of central nervous system

Background and Objective: Acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) infections are not uncommon in tropical countries and are associated with high morbidity and mortality if specific targeted therapy is not instituted in time. Effects of tubercular meningitis, a form of chronic meningitis on hypothalamic pituitary axis, are well known both at the time of diagnosis and after few months to years of illness. However, there are few reports of pituitary dysfunction in subjects with acute CNS infections. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the pituitary hormonal profile in patients with nonmycobacterial acute meningitis at the time of presentation. Materials and Methods: This prospective case series study included 30 untreated adult patients with acute meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or encephalitis, due to various nonmycobacterial agents, admitted and registered with Lok Nayak Hospital, Maulana Aazd Medical College, New Delhi, between September 2007 and March 2009. Patients with preexisting endocrine diseases, tubercular meningitis and patients on steroids were carefully excluded from the study. The basal pituitary hormonal profile was measured by the electrochemilumniscence technique for serum cortisol, luetinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), thyrotropin (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4). Results: The cases (n = 30) comprised of patients with acute pyogenic meningitis (n = 23), viral meningoencephalitis (n = 4), brain abscess (n = 2), and cryptococcal meningitis (n = 1). The mean age of patients was 28.97 ± 11.306 years. Out of 30 patients, 14 (46.7%) were males and 16 (58.1%) were females. Adrenal insufficiency both absolute and relative was seen in seven (23.3%) and hyperprolactinemia was seen in nine (30.0%) of the patients. One study subject had central hypothyroidism and seven (23.3) showed low levels of LH and/or FSH. None of patients showed clinical features suggestive of central diabetes insipidus. Conclusion: Acute infections of the CNS are associated with abnormalities in the pituitary hormone profile. Further studies are required to evaluate the hypothalamic pituitary axis using dynamic tests and imaging by MRI.
Rôle des entrées capacitives et de TRPV2 dans la dérégulation de l'homéostasie calcique dans le muscle squelettique humain : implication dans la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne

La dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) est la consequence de la perte de la dystrophine, une proteine cytosquelettique indispensable au maintien mecanique et fonctionnel du sarcolemme. Notre equipe a largement etudie les entrees cationiques dans les lignees murines et a montre : 1- une augmentation anormale des influx dependant des stocks calciques (SOCE) dans les myotubes (MT) deficients en dystrophine (dys-), 2- que les influx SOCE sont medies par les canaux TRPC1 et TRPC4, 3- que la deregulation des SOCE dans les MT dys- est corrigee grâce a la surexpression de l'α1-syntrophine. Au jour d'aujourd’hui, il existe peu d'elements dans la litterature quant a la caracterisation des entrees SOCEs dans les cellules musculaires humaines et dans la DMD. Ce travail de these s'articule autour de deux parties : Le modele murin, dans lequel nous avons montre un role indispensable de STIM1 et Orai1 dans la mise en place des entrees SOCEs et l'implication de la voie Ca2+/PLC/PKC dans l'augmentation anormale de ces entrees dans les MT murins dys-. Le modele humain primaire, dans lequel nous avons mis en evidence : 1- une augmentation anormale des influx SOCEs dans les MT DMD et etablit le profil d'expression des differentes proteines necessaires a la mise en place de ces entrees ; 2- l'implication de la voie Ca2+/PLC/PKC dans la deregulation des SOCEs dans les MT humains DMD et le role de l'α1-syntrophine dans la regulation de ces entrees dans les MT humains ; 3- la deregulation de l'homeostasie calcique dans la DMD qui se produit par l'intermediaire des entrees cationiques dependantes de TRPV2 dans les cellules musculaires dystrophiques.