Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOW THE CHOICE OF ACTIVATION AFFECTS TRAINING OF OVERPARAMETRIZED NEURAL NETS

It is well-known that overparametrized neural networks trained using gradient based methods quickly achieve small training error with appropriate hyperparameter settings. Recent papers have proved this statement theoretically for highly overparametrized networks under reasonable assumptions. These results either assume that the activation function is ReLU or they depend on the minimum eigenvalue of a certain Gram matrix. In the latter case, existing works only prove that this minimum eigenvalue is non-zero and do not provide quantitative bounds which require that this eigenvalue be large. Empirically, a number of alternative activation functions have been proposed which tend to perform better than ReLU at least in some settings but no clear understanding has emerged. This state of affairs underscores the importance of theoretically understanding the impact of activation functions on training. In the present paper, we provide theoretical results about the effect of activation function on the training of highly overparametrized 2-layer neural networks. A crucial property that governs the performance of an activation is whether or not it is smooth: • For non-smooth activations such as ReLU, SELU, ELU, which are not smooth because there is a point where either the ﬁrst order or second order derivative is discontinuous, all eigenvalues of the associated Gram matrix are large under minimal assumptions on the data. • For smooth activations such as tanh, swish, polynomial, which have derivatives of all orders at all points, the situation is more complex: if the subspace spanned by the data has small dimension then the minimum eigenvalue of the Gram matrix can be small leading to slow training. But if the dimension is large and the data satisﬁes another mild condition, then the eigenvalues are large. If we allow deep networks, then the small data dimension is not a limitation provided that the depth is sufﬁcient. We discuss a number of extensions and applications of these results.
Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen and Oxygen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide

Carbon nanostructures are promising electrode materials for energy storage devices because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Modification of the surface improves the electrochemical properties of those materials because of the changes in morphology, diffusion properties, and inclusion of additional contributions to redox processes. Oxygen-containing functional groups and nitrogen doped into the carbon matrix significantly contribute to the electrochemical behavior of reduced graphite oxide (RGO). In this work, RGO was synthesized during hydrothermal treatment of graphite oxide with a hydrazine sulfate aqueous solution. Different amounts of hydrazine sulfate were used to synthesize RGO with different nitrogen contents in the structure, and the same synthesis conditions made it possible to obtain a material with a similar composition of oxygen-containing functional groups. The materials with different nitrogen concentrations and similar amounts of oxygen were compared as electrode materials for a supercapacitor and as a negative electrode material for a Li-ion battery. It was shown that the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups has the greatest influence on the behavior and efficiency of supercapacitor electrode materials, while nitrogen atoms embedded in the graphene lattice play the largest role in lithium intercalation.
identification of facklamia hominis in a case of stercoral peritonitis a case report and review of the literature

Facklamia hominis has rarely been reported as causing infection in humans. Thanks to improved knowledge and better microbiology diagnostic test methods, several cases of infection by this bacterium have recently been reported in the literature. It has not yet been reported in peritoneal fluid. We report a case of septic shock secondary to stercoral peritonitis involving multiple bacteria with identification of F. hominis.
Association of microRNA biosynthesis genes XPO5 and RAN polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility: Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis

XPO5/RAN-GTP complex mediates the nuclear transport of pre-miRNAs in the miRNA processing system, its altered expression is indicated to be correlated with cancer risk. Several studies have inspected the association between XPO5 or RAN polymorphisms and the risk of various cancers, but the findings remain controversial. A Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis was carried out to review and analyze the effect of XPO5 and RAN polymorphisms on cancer risk. The association was estimated by calculating the logarithm of odds ratio (Log OR) and 95% credible interval (95% CrI). The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was used for in silico functional validation of the identified significant susceptibility loci. Consequently, 38 case-control studies (from 27 citations) with 27,459 cancer cases and 25,151controls were included in the meta-analysis of the five most prevalent SNPs (rs11077 A/C, rs2257082 G/A, rs3803012 A/G, rs14035 C/T, rs3809142 C/T). In the XPO5 gene rs11077 SNP, the minor C allele significantly increased the risk of cancer (Log OR = 0.120, 95% CrI = 0.013, 0.241), and a strong association between rs11077 SNP and cancer risk was also found in the dominant model (CC + AC vs. AA: Log OR = 0.132, 95% CrI = 0.009, 0.275). In addition, the minor GG genotype allele of the RAN gene rs3803012 SNP significantly increased the cancer risk (Log OR = 0.707, 95% CrI = 0.059, 1.385). Statistically significant associations between rs3803012 SNP and cancer risk were also observed in the recessive model (GG vs. AG + AA: Log OR = 0.708, 95% CrI = 0.059, 1.359). Furthermore, the eQTL analysis revealed that rs11077 SNP was significantly correlated with XPO5 mRNA expression, which provided additional biological basis for the observed positive association. Our results suggest that XPO5 rs11077 may be a possible functional susceptibility locus for cancer risk.
Critical Appraisal Regarding the Publication “Implant Survival between Endo‐Osseous Dental Implants in Immediate Loading, Delayed Loading, and Basal Immediate Loading Dental Implants: A 3‐Year Follow‐Up” as Published in Ann Maxillofac

IntRoductIon A critical appraisal (CA)[1] is a specific form of literature in medicine, which analyzes the existing literature regarding its validity under the aspects of study layout, methods, statistics, and results. This CA has been written and published because the article entitled “Implant Survival between Endo‐osseous Dental Implants in Immediate Loading, Delayed Loading, and Basal Immediate Loading Dental Implants: A 3‐year follow‐up” does–in no aspect–meet the minimal demands for a scientific study nor a publication as presented below.
5x5 SPAD Matrices for the Study of the Trade-offs between Fill Factor, Dark Count Rate and Crosstalk in the Design of CMOS Image Sensors

CMOS Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are a dedicated type of photodetectors that are attracting increasing interest. Crosstalk and fill factor are magnitudes that become important when dealing with arrays of SPADs. There are tradeoffs that involve these two magnitudes and dark count rate (DCR) which are of great interest for the implementation of image sensors. A set of 5x5 matrices of SPADs with different sizes and shapes is designed to study the relationships between FF, crosstalk and DCR, and conceive an accurate behavioural model of SPAD arrays. The testchip is fully operative and preliminary experimental results are presented.
Spatial Analysis of Pottery Presence at the Former Pobedim Hillfort (an Archeological Site in Slovakia)

The aim of this study was a spatial analysis of the pottery occurrence (potsherds) in the acropolis part of the Pobedim hillfort (Slovakia) using two spatial statistical methods (spatial autocorrelation and kriging interpolation) with the help of GIS and their subsequent comparison. To understand the landscape of the study area, seven land use maps were created for different historical years (1783–1785, 1845, 1882, 1956, 1971, 2010 and 2017) confirming that the study area was predominantly utilized as arable land, which was related to advantageous floodplain location between the rivers of Horný Dudvah and Dubova. Using the Moran coefficient of spatial autocorrelation, it was found that there were seven high–high clusters and three high–low clusters representing the occurrence of potsherds. Using the kriging interpolation, three clusters of high concentration were found. Subsequent comparison of both methods revealed three identical areas with high frequency of pottery occurrence indicating places where significant settlement objects were located, such as the dwelling of a wealthy man, pottery workshop and the like. The difference between the areas with high number of potsherds between the two methods is approximately 12%, which indicates an acceptable match between the two methods and their applicability for spatial (geographic)–archaeological research.
Linking business model innovation with energy system optimization

There are dedicated computational models and platforms to facilitate the design and planning of multi-energy-systems. However, the widespread adoption of new technological solutions largely depends on the right business models. Whilst there exists a list of possible business opportunities emerging with a multi-energy-system, there is lacking guidance on how to match their design with business models. A close fit could possibly increase the speed of implementation of a new energy solution. This study describes and tests a methodology to evaluate and improve the match between business models of selected companies and planned multi-energy-systems. A total of six districts with planned energy systems as well as six companies were assessed for their matching potential. Then, mutual adaptation between the business model and the further energy system optimization was tested as a way to improve the match.
Practical implementation of APY in swine

The use of large amounts of genotypes in ssGBLUP leads to high computational demands. Here we combined the APY algorithm together with single vs. multi breed setting, attempting to find the most efficient method for animal genetic evaluation. The predictive ability analysis resulted in similar accuracies and bias across all scenarios but with significant reduction in time when the analysis included the APY algorithm in combination with a single-breed approach.
The Best Tourism Island Destination in the World and Meaningful Experiences: A Systematic Literature Review

portuguesA Ilha da Madeira foi eleita o Melhor Destino Insular do Mundo nos ultimos quatro anos. Como tal, e vital compreender como a “econo-mia da experiencia” esta a ser inserida, pois as “experiencias significativas” sao, atualmente, cruciais para o turismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais as variaveis estudadas no Turismo da Madeira e se a ‘experiencia’ faz parte da sua oferta. Foi utilizada uma revisao sis-tematica da literatura com os termos: ‘Madeira’, ‘Porto Santo’’ e ‘Tourism’. Criterios de inclu-sao/exclusao levaram a uma amostra final de 30 referencias. Tres grandes topicos emergiram: a) natureza; b) patrimonio cultural e c) econo-mia/marketing. A ‘experiencia’ esta a ser intro-duzida na oferta turistica, porem existe reduzida investigacao focalizada nas experiencias significativas relacionadas com o desenvolvimento pessoal e carateristicas pessoais do turista. Im-plicacoes para a teoria/pratica sao discutidas. EnglishMadeira Island is the World’ Leading Island Destination for the last four years. As a winning destination it is vital to understand how the new “economy experience” is being acknowledged, since tourism is seeing a shift where meaningful experiences are crucial. The goal was to identify the variables being studied in Madeira tourism and if ‘experience’ is part of product offers. A systematic literature review was used with the terms: ‘Madeira’, ‘Porto Santo’ and ‘Tourism’. Application of inclusion/exclusion criteria led to a final sample of 30 references. Three major themes being empathized in Madeira tourism were found: a) nature; b) culture/heritage and c) economy/marketing. Experience is being intro-duced on tourism product offers, however a lack of research focused on ‘meaningful experiences ’linked to personal growth and tourists’ personal characteristics was discovered. Implications to theory and practice are discussed.
Infant screen exposure links to toddlers' inhibition, but not other EF constructs: A propensity score study.

Technology is pervasive in homes of families with young children, despite evidence for negative associations between infant exposure to screen-based media and cognitive development that has led the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to discourage parents from exposing children under the age of 18 months to any kind of screen time (AAP, 2016). Here, we apply a propensity score matching approach to estimate relations between electronic screen-based media use in infancy and executive function in early toddlerhood. In an international sample of 416 firstborn infants, parental report of regular exposure to screen-based media at 4 months predicted poorer performance on a test of inhibition at 14 months, but was unrelated to either cognitive flexibility or working memory at 14 months. Results of this study are therefore consistent with the view that early exposure to screen-based media adversely affects the development of executive function.
Analysis of correlation between urban heat islands (UHI) with land-use using sentinel 2 time-series image in Makassar city

In this study, to analyze the value of the correlation between Urban Heat Island and land-use variables. Y variable used is temperature and some variables X in the form of land use variants, namely road network area (km2), population density / ha, building area (km2), and image index data from sentinel2 and Landsat 8 time-series images in the form of satellite image index namely the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Moisture Indices (MI) in Makassar City. The method used in this study is the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the variables that influence the increase in Urban Heat Island in Makassar City. Based on the results of the correlation analysis obtained, variables that influence Urban Heat Islan are Moisture Indices (MI), which have a significant correlation in increasing Urban Heat Island, where the correlation value between temperature and Moisture Indices (MI) is R = - 0.766. Another variable is the road area, where the correlation value R is - 0.655.
A field-based investigation of behavioural interactions between invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas), rock crab (Cancer irroratus), and American lobster (Homarus americanus) in southern Newfoundland

Marine species invasions pose a global threat to native biodiversity and commercial fisheries. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is one of the most successful marine invaders worldwide and has, in the last decade, invaded the southern and western coastal waters of the island of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. Impacts of green crab on the American lobster (Homarus americanus), which are native toNewfoundland, are notwell understood, particularly for interactions around deployed fishing gear. Declines in lobster catch rates in invaded systems (i.e., Placentia Bay, NL), have prompted concerns among lobster fishers that green crab are interfering with lobster catch. Here, we conducted a field experiment in a recentlyinvaded bay (2013) in which we deployed lobster traps pre-stocked with green crab, native rock crab (Cancer irroratus) (a procedural control), or empty (control). We compared catch per unit effort across each category, and used underwater cameras to directly observe trap performance in situ. In addition, we used SCUBA surveys to determine the correlation between ambient density of lobster and green crab in the ecosystem and the catch processes of lobster in traps. We found: (1) Regardless of the species of crab stocked, crab presence reduced the total number of lobster that attempted to enter the trap, and also reduced entry success rate, (2) lobster consumed green crab, rock crab and other lobster inside traps and (3) there was a positive association between lobster catch and ambient lobster density. Our results suggest that while there was a relationship between in-trap crab density and trap catch rates, it was not linked to the non-native/native status of the crab species. Subjects Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science, Ecology, Marine Biology
Odour Emissions of Municipal Waste Biogas Plants—Impact of Technological Factors, Air Temperature and Humidity

Abstract: Biogas plants processing municipal waste are an important part of a circular economy (energy generation from biogas and organic fertiliser production for the treatment of selectively collected biowaste). However, the technological processes taking place may be associated with odour nuisance. The paper presents the results of pilot research conducted at six municipal waste biogas plants in Poland. It shows the relations between odour intensity and concentration and the occurring meteorological and ambient conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) and technological factors at biogas plants processing municipal waste. The impact of meteorological and ambient conditions was identified by measuring air temperature and relative humidity and observing their changes. The impact of technological factors was identified by measuring odorant concentration (volatile organic compounds and ammonia) and observing their changes between individual measurement series. At most analysed biogas plants, the influence of technological factors on odour emissions took place and was clearly noted. The elements of biogas installations characterised by the highest concentration of these odorants were indicated. Special attention should be paid to the choice of technological solutions and technical and organisational measures to reduce the impact of unfavourable atmospheric conditions on odour emissions.
Spatial crime distribution and prediction for sporting events using social media

ABSTRACT Sporting events attract high volumes of people, which in turn leads to increased use of social media. In addition, research shows that sporting events may trigger violent behavior that can lead to crime. This study analyses the spatial relationships between crime occurrences, demographic, socio-economic and environmental variables, together with geo-located Twitter messages and their ‘violent’ subsets. The analysis compares basketball and hockey game days and non-game days. Moreover, this research aims to analyze crime prediction models using historical crime data as a basis and then introducing tweets and additional variables in their role as covariates of crime. First, this study investigates the spatial distribution of and correlation between crime and tweets during the same temporal periods. Feature selection models are applied in order to identify the best explanatory variables. Then, we apply localized kernel density estimation model for crime prediction during basketball and hockey games, and on non-game days. Findings from this study show that Twitter data, and a subset of violent tweets, are useful in building prediction models for the seven investigated crime types for home and away sporting events, and non-game days, with different levels of improvement.
Reproductive biology of the plants from Aloaceae family in the greenhouse

The article presents the results of the study of the reproductive biology of succulent plants of the Aloaceae family in the introduction. Representatives of the family are part of the collection of succulent plants of the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden,which contains over 190 species, subspecies and hybrids of plants of three genera: Aloe Linne – 86, Haworthia Duval – 74, Gasteria Duval – 23 taxa. In addition, x Gasteraloe Guillaumin (Gasteria x Aloe), x Gasterhaworthia Guillaumin (Gasteria x Haworthia), x Astroworthia G.D Rowley (AstrolobaUitewaal x Haworthia). Most plant species are included in the international red lists. In the process of forming this part of the collection, the morphology of flowers, inflorescences and seeds was investigated, phenological observations of flowering and fruiting were conducted, methods of vegetative and seed reproduction of family members were developed. Phenological observations have shown that the main flowering period is the spring summer period, but Aloe under greenhouse conditions is characterized by two more peaks (August, December). We have found that, in addition to simple or complex tics, in the vast majority of species, Aloe haworthioides is characterized by inflorescences of ears; perianth shaped tubular or cylindrical, inherent in the vast majority of species and performs, in our opinion, a protective function. The flowering of a single flower takes place in three stages, providing a self-pollination effect that is characteristic of crop conditions only for certain Aloe species, and the viability of the pollen is closely related to the ambient temperature. Freshly harvested seeds obtained by self-pollination or cross-pollination have a sufficiently large germination, but if stored in any way after three months, the germination increases. We have proposed a method of increasing the viability of seeds of plants of the Aloaceae family 2.5-3 times and developed a method of vegetative propagation of representatives of the genera Haworthia and Gasteria leaf cuttings.
Detection of land-surface-induced atmospheric water vapor patterns

Abstract. Finding observational evidence of land surface and atmosphere interactions is crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of the boundary layer, as well as for model evaluation, and in particular for large-eddy simulation (LES) models. In this study, the influence of a heterogeneous land surface on the spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapor is assessed. Ground-based remote sensing measurements from a scanning microwave radiometer (MWR) are used in a long-term study over 6 years to characterize spatial heterogeneities in integrated water vapor (IWV) during clear-sky conditions at the Julich ObservatorY for Cloud Evolution (JOYCE). The resulting deviations from the mean of the scans reveal a season- and direction-dependent IWV that is visible throughout the day. Comparisons with a satellite-derived spatial IWV distribution show good agreement for a selection of satellite overpasses during convective situations but no clear seasonal signal. With the help of a land use type classification and information on the topography, the main types of regions with a positive IWV deviation were determined to be agricultural fields and nearby open pit mines. Negative deviations occurred mainly above elevated forests and urban areas. In addition, high-resolution large-eddy simulations (LESs) are used to investigate changes in the water vapor and cloud fields for an altered land use input.