Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea and Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Background. Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD) is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. Some case reports have implicated renal failure as a risk factor for CDAD. The aim of this study was to assess whether chronic renal insufficiency is a risk factor for CDAD and whether it increases mortality and morbidity. Method. We reviewed charts of 385 patients with diarrhea for CDAD, chronic renal insufficiency, mortality, and recurrence of CDAD. Results. Seventy-seven patients had infection due to C difficile. There was no difference in the chronic renal insufficiency, mortality, and other comorbid conditions between patients who had C difficile infection and those who did not. The patients with CDAD and chronic renal insufficiency had significantly higher mortality and recurrence of CDAD than patients without chronic renal insufficiency. Conclusions. Chronic renal insufficiency is not a risk factor for CDAD, but its presence with CDAD increases mortality and recurrence of CDAD.
Bilinguisme et interprétation de stimuli langagiers et visuels ambigus: le rôle du contrôle exécutif

Plusieurs recherches ont montre une relation entre le bilinguisme et des competences superieures de controle executif. En particulier, cette relation a ete mise en evidence au travers d'une tâche d'acces aux differentes representations de figures ambigues (Bialystok & Shapero, 2005). Notre etude se propose d'examiner de maniere exploratoire le lien entre cette tâche visuelle de perception de figures ambigues et une tâche linguistique d'interpretation de phrases ambigues contenant une negation et un quantificateur numeral ou universel, issue des recherches de Lidz et Musolino (2002, 2006). Nous postulons que le controle executif est fortement implique dans ces 2 types de tâches, et que des participants bilingues de 8 ans devraient de ce fait etre plus performants que leurs pairs monolingues. Les tâches, presentees sur ordinateur, ont ete menees selon une procedure d'indicage ayant pour but de conduire les participants a acceder a l'interpretation ou a la representation alternative de phrases ou de figures ambigues. Les resultats ont montre qu'il n'y a pas d'effet du statut linguistique sur les scores a l'une ou l'autre des tâches, mais une tendance en faveur des bilingues quant a l'acces a l'interpretation alternative de phrases contenant un quantificateur numeral. De plus, il existe un effet du type de quantificateur sur les scores en faveur du quantificateur universel, le quantificateur numeral etant sujet a un effet plancher. Les resultats de Bialystok et Shapero (2005) concernant les figures ambigues n'ont donc pu etre repliques. Par ailleurs, aucune correlation n'est observee entre les resultats aux 2 tâches, ce qui ne nous permet pas de conclure a l'implication d'un processus cognitif commun. Nous expliquons l'absence d'effet du statut linguistique par divers biais methodologiques dont une selection peu rigoureuse des participants bilingues. En ce qui concerne les 2 types de phrases, nous discutons des differences observees en adoptant un point de vue linguistique. L'existence de composantes de controle executif propres a chacune des tâches est argumentee afin de rendre compte de l'absence de correlation entre ces tâches. Nous proposons finalement certaines modifications a effectuer en vue de recherches futures.
Thermal resistance of metamorphic InP-based HBTs on GaAs substrates using a linearly graded In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/P metamorphic buffer

Thermal properties of metamorphic InP-InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) on GaAs substrates using a linearly graded InGaP buffer have been investigated. Compared to the widely used InAlAs metamorphic buffer, InGaP offers better thermal properties resulting in a much smaller thermal resistance for the metamorphic HBTs (MHBTs). Theoretical calculations of the thermal resistance of devices have been made based on a simple constant heat-spreading model, and the results are shown to be consistent with experimental results. It has been made clear that the smaller thermal resistance measured from the MHBTs using a linearly graded InGaP buffer is due to the small bowing parameters and high thermal conductivity of the binary endpoints. Although the use of InGaP as a buffer may slightly degrade the devices thermal properties compared to one using InP directly on GaAs substrate, it gives more freedom to the growth optimization of metamorphic buffer by using compositional grading. With regards to the thermal conductivity and flexible growth optimization, InGaP metamorphic buffer could be considered as an important alternative to the existing InAlAs and InP schemes.
Notice of RetractionThe influence of ESI on buyer's innovative performance improvement: Empirical study on China's enterprises

In this paper, we build a conceptual framework based on the previous research literatures and carry on empirical study on the correlation between supplier involvement in buyer's innovation and buyer's innovative performance improvement based on the investigation of 145 china's manufacturers. And then we explore the interaction mechanism model about the technique of supplier involvement, supplier's nature, the relation structure of supplier and buyer, and buyer's innovative performance improvement. SPSS 11.0 for Windows as well as AMOS 4.01 for the Windows were used in this research. Analysis method which includes the descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structure equation model (SEM) is to examine reliability and validity of the model, and to study the function relations among variables. In this study our research confirms there is significant effect of buyer and supplier's relational structure on buyer innovative performance improvement, and the two key successful factors influencing on the technique of supplier involvement are found, which are supplier nature (including supplier technology ability and supplier's prestige), the relation structure of supplier and buyer (including bilateral high-level commitment and staff's support, specific-relation asset investment, link duration, interest-sharing mechanism). This research also confirms the positive association between technique of supplier involvement and buyer innovative performance improvement. Moreover, our research based on empirical study of China's enterprises finds there is significant positive effect of buyer and supplier's relational structure on the technique of supplier involvement. However, this research also finds that there is not significant direct effect of supplier nature on buyer innovative performance improvement.
Effect of Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP) participation on psychiatric symptoms, sense of hope, and recovery.

OBJECTIVE Self-management of psychiatric illness is a central tenet of consumer-directed mental health treatment. While several manualized self-management programs have been developed in recent years, the most widely disseminated is the Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP). This study examined the effects of WRAP participation on psychiatric symptoms, hope, and recovery outcomes for people with severe and persistent mental illness. METHODS A quasi-experimental study, with an experimental (n=58) and a comparison (n=56) group was conducted. WRAP sessions (8-12 week) were facilitated by one staff person and one peer worker at five community mental health centers in a Midwestern state. The Modified Colorado Symptom Index, the State Hope Scale, and the Recovery Markers Questionnaire (RMQ) were employed at the first and last WRAP sessions, as well as six months following the intervention. Repeated measures analysis of covariance and planned comparisons before and after the intervention were conducted. RESULTS Findings revealed statistically significant group intervention effects for symptoms and hope, but not for RMQ. Planned comparisons showed statistically significant improvements for the experimental group in psychiatric symptoms and hope after the intervention, while non-significant changes occurred in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The study results offer promising evidence that WRAP participation has a positive effect on psychiatric symptoms and feelings of hopefulness. If recovery is the guiding vision for mental health system reform, the study results provide evidence that WRAP programming may warrant a place in the current array of services offered through the publicly funded mental health system.
Effect of Organic Selenium (Sel-Plex) on Thermometabolism, Blood Chemical Composition and Weight Gain in Holstein Suckling Calves

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of milk supplemented with Sel-Plex on thyroid hormones, rectal temperature, plasma glucose and cholesterol concentrations, and body weight in suckling calves. Ten Holstein suckling male calves of approximately 1 month of age were selected and randomly allocated to one of two groups and fed either unsupplemented milk (control) or milk supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg DM Se from Sel-Plex (treated). The animals received treated milk and free choice starter for two months. Dry matter intake for each individual animal was recorded daily throughout the study. The calves were weighed and blood samples were taken weekly. Plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T 3 ), thyroxin (T 4 ) and T 3 -Uptake were determined using radioimmunoassay kits. Plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations were determined by enzymatic-colorimetric methods. Rectal temperature was recorded at blood sampling time. During the experiment, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded at the time of blood sampling and every four hours. Treatment significantly (p<0.01) affected the concentration of T 3 , free T 3 index (FT 3 I) and ratio of T 3 :T 4 in plasma. The plasma concentrations of T 3 in treated calves were 33% higher than in the control. The plasma concentrations of T 4 (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.01) and cholesterol (p<0.01) were decreased in the treated group. Calves fed Sel-Plex had higher rectal temperature (p<0.01). Plasma free T 4 index (FT 4 I) did not differ significantly between the two groups. An increase in body weight was observed (p<0.09) in the treated group. The results indicated that milk fortified with Sel-Plex could increase tissue conversion of T 4 to T 3 and therefore improve thermometabolism in suckling calves.
Identification of genes controlled by LMX1B in the developing mouse limb bud

In the developing limb, dorsal–ventral patterning is controlled by the transcription factor LMX1B, expressed in the dorsal mesenchyme. Loss of Lmx1b function in mice or humans results in the loss of dorsal limb structures and Nail–Patella syndrome, but the effectors through which LMX1B controls limb patterning are virtually unknown. Using microarrays to analyze the differential expression of mRNAs in wild‐type vs. Lmx1b−/− limb buds, we have identified hundreds of genes as putative LMX1B targets. Analysis of a subset of these candidates by in situ mRNA localization has identified eight genes previously unknown to require Lmx1b for their dorsal–ventral restriction of expression in the limb. Furthermore, our results suggest that LMX1B controls different targets along the proximal–distal axis of the limb, and suggest the existence of a dorsal proximal limb region that is rich in mRNAs requiring Lmx1b for their expression. Developmental Dynamics 237:1183–1192, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An objective method of assessing the periodontal condition in human skulls.

An objective method is described for estimating the periodontal state of human skulls. Two measurements were made for each tooth from the alveolar crest to the amelo-cemental junction and, from the average of these for the whole mouth, an estimate was calculated called the Tooth Cervical Height-Index. It was found possible to repeat measurements with a considerable degree of precision. When forty skulls with varying degrees of periodontal disease were examined a significant correlation was recorded between the T.C. H. -index and the periodontal state as estimated using clinical criteria (after Russell).
Soul Searching: Bearing Witness, Psychotherapeutically, to One God

would like to thank the journal for inviting me to respond to the above roundtable discussion. There is no question that the topic of religion I and spirituality is vital to understanding human behavior and the therapeutic process. Awareness of this in the psychotherapeutic community and beyond increases day by day as more and more studies are coming out to support this premise. Although psychology started as the study of the soul, the desire of some prominent western psychologists to imitate the natural sciences resulted in a veering away from the original subject matter to more of a study of mind and behavior. The topic of religion became a taboo within psychology for many years to come. In recent years, however, there is increasing evidence of a psychology and religion interface and the two areas being discussed together more in the professional circles, as well as in academia (Haque, 2001; Hefner, 1997). Surveys show that more than 90 percent of Americans believe in God (Hoge, 1996) and 97 percent attend a religious organization (Gallup and Jones, 1989), leaving psychologists no choice but to study the effects of religion on human behavior (Shafranske, 1996). I found the entire roundtable discussion quite absorbing and educational. What was most striking to me was the openness of the panelists, at times revealing confusion about certain aspects of their respective religions or a relatively recent interest in matters of spirituality. Nonetheless, all of the topics discussed were highly relevant to psychoanalysis. Dennis Shulman indicates at the beginning of the discussion that every religion and psychoanalysis (or psychological enquiry) share at least two basic questions: “Who are we? ” and “How do we change? ’ While the questions
Opioid genetics in the context of opioid switching

Purpose of reviewOn a population level, there is no difference in terms of efficacy or side-effects between any of the strong opioids. On an individual level, however, there is marked variation in response to opioids. This review presents some of the recent advances in opioid pharmacogenetic studies. Recent findingsA growing number of genes have been studied in a number of different patient populations. Most data have come from candidate-gene studies. There have been two genome-wide association studies in pain and opioid response. The clinical and genetic complexity of response to opioids has limited the clinical applicability of the genetic results. Currently, interindividual variation in opioid response is managed clinically through a process known as opioid switching. The evidence supporting the efficacy of opioid switching is poor, mainly because randomized controlled trials in this area are lacking. SummaryAdequately powered studies to allow identification of genetic variants with small effect size and exploration of gene–gene interaction are needed. Integration of genetic analysis in clinical studies with carefully defined outcome measures will increase the likelihood of identifying clinical and genetic factors which can be used to predict opioid response.
Las Ips Paradigma Ético De La Investigación Biomédica

El descubrimiento por parte de Shinya Yamanka y su equipo, en el ano 2006, de las Celulas de Pluripotencialidad Inducida (iPS) en raton, supuso uno de los grandes adelantos en la Biologia Molecular y Celular. La posibilidad de que estas celulas se puedan generar tambien en seres humanos abre unas vias de desarrollo totalmente insospechadas para la Biomedicina. Su principal aporte es la creacion de un protocolo robusto, que tiene en cuenta tres principales avances de la Biologia como lo son las tecnicas de transferencia nuclear, el descubrimiento de los factores de la transcripcion asociados a la pluripotencialidad y el aislamiento de las Celulas Troncales Embrionarias de raton. Un protocolo que puede ser replicado de manera sencilla en otros laboratorios para contar con la posibilidad de disenar ensayos que permitan realizar modelos celulares para el estudio de enfermedades incurables; asi como probar farmacos con celulas humanas o explorar las posibilidades de trasplantes autologos de celulas, tejidos u organos. La motivacion etica de Yamanaka fue buscar una alternativa al empleo de Celulas Troncales Embrionarias (ES), evitando la destruccion de embriones producidos por las tecnicas de fecundacion in vitro (FIV), asi como el empleo de ovulos humanos. Ademas, ha resultado ser un modelo de investigacion, en el que la intuicion de los principios eticos y su aplicacion en un proyecto biotecnologico de avanzada, ha supuesto la apertura de una nueva forma de entender la biologia del desarrollo embrionario y la aplicacion tecnica de estos conocimientos. Puso asi de manifiesto que el desarrollo, biologicamente entendido, no es una calle de un solo sentido. Las posibilidades de profundizar en los fundamentos de la Biologia Molecular y la genetica, junto con las expectativas de sus aplicaciones clinicas han hecho merecedor a Yamanka del Premio Nobel de Medicina 2012, junto a otro gran investigador Sir John Gurdon descubridor de las tecnicas de transferencia nuclear.
Safely Rendering Small Impedances in Admittance-Controlled Haptic Devices

This paper introduces a simple and minimal admittance controller capable of rendering small impedances. The proposed controller ensures stable human-robot interactions by dynamically modifying and limiting the commanded acceleration of a haptic device. A Lyapunov stability analysis demonstrates that these dynamic acceleration modifications yield a stable inner position control loop with bounded tracking errors. This paper also discusses results from several experiments performed by healthy subjects who used a one degree-of-freedom haptic device to assist forearm flexion and extension. The results show that the controller is capable of rendering apparent inertia reductions as high as 99.3% while remaining robust to varying operator inputs and dynamics.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Diabetes Medication in Turkey

The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting medication adherence of patients with diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with diabetes being treated with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Outpatients of a public hospital, which is located in Aksaray province in Turkey, are the universe of the study. Questionnaire forms were used as the instruments for data collection in the study. The questionnaire was completed by 360 patients with diabetes during face to face interviews. Socio demographic (age, gendder, marital status, education, insurance and income) and clinic variables (duration of diabetes, medication type, disease type, complication and comorbidity), health belief, health literacy level, patient-physician relationship and drug adherence were determined for each patient. The multiple regression analyses showed that education, type of diabetes, diabetes duration, health belief and health literacy level had a statistically significant association with levels of medication adherence (p < 0.05) but there is no relationship between patient-physician relationship and medication compliance. Thus, adherence to medication had related to higher education levels, Type 2 diabetes, longer duration of disease, higher health beliefs and higher health literacy level. Educational and biopsychological aspects of patient's health are very important for diabetes adherence. The results of the study are expected to provide important evidence-based information on factors affecting medication adherence of diabetes to improve the diabetes management and war against disease for clinicians, health managers and health workers.
Recurrence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at the previously affected brain site.

BACKGROUND Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a usually monophasic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Recurrences pose a diagnostic challenge because they can be overlooked or suggest an alternative diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency, nature, and outcome of recurrent ADEM. DESIGN Review of the medical records of patients diagnosed in our institution as having ADEM between January 1, 1983, and May 31, 1998. Recurrences were defined as appearance of new symptoms and signs at least 1 month after the previous episode. RESULTS Five (24%) of 21 patients with ADEM developed recurrent disease episodes. In all, diagnosis was confirmed by brain biopsy. One patient had 4 disease episodes, 2 had 3, and the other 2 each had 2. Recurrence appeared 1.5 to 32 months after initial presentation and involved the same brain territory in 6 of 9 recurrences in 3 of 5 patients. In 2 patients, recurrences included neuropsychiatric signs. A good response to corticosteroid therapy was observed in 10 of 13 of treated ADEM attacks: in 3 of the 4 treated initial events and in 7 of 9 recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent ADEM may be more prevalent than previously recognized. Patients who relapse tend to have more than 1 recurrence that usually involves, clinically and radiologically, a brain territory that was affected before and can simulate a space-occupying lesion that requires histologic diagnosis. Neuropsychiatric features may be the main presentation of a relapse. Since recurrent ADEM is a corticosteroid-responsive condition, awareness and early diagnosis are mandatory.
On-line processing and steady-state reconciliation of pulp and paper mill process data

Measurements are inherently corrupted with various sources of error, including instrument miscalibration or malfunction, power supply fluctuation, wiring, process noise, and other reasons. Unless they are carefully treated, using process data to make process decisions in real-time can lead to misinterpretations caused by this poor data quality. Figure 1 shows a set of flowrate measurements including the 3 different types of errors present in data measurements: • Random errors are mostly concentrated at high frequencies and can be associated with power supply fluctuations and signal conversion noise. • Abnormalities, considered to be supernatural random errors characterized by a sudden change in the measurement signal. This high amplitude measurement can be caused by electric voltage surges or wiring problems. • Gross errors associated with bias, drifting in measurements, complete failure, and precision degradation of instruments [2]. They are related to instrument wear, corrosion, miscalibration or malfunction, and to inconsistencies in a set of measurements around a system, e.g., process leaks or accumulation. Data processing and reconciliation techniques have already been applied in the pulp and paper industry for various off-line applications. For example, Jacob and Paris [3,4] used data reconciliation techniques to provide more precise data for the calibration of integrated newsprint mill simulations, and suggested redundancy and sensitivity analysis for the mill sampling protocol design. The actual paper suggests going a step further by applying a systematic method suitable for on-line applications to improve the steady-state data quality of real-time measurements.