Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Botanical Gardens in the Conservation of Cactaceae

http://bioscience.oxfordjournals. org December 2016 / Vol. 66 No. 12 • BioScience 1057 BioScience 66: 1057–1065. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. doi:10.1093/biosci/biw128 Advance Access publication 26 October 2016 The Role of Botanical Gardens in the Conservation of Cactaceae
Activity and thermostability of the extracellular lipases and proteinases from pseudomonads isolated from raw milk

Pres de 400 souches psychrotrophes sont isolees du lait cru. Pseudomonas est predominant (67 % des psychrotrophes totales). L'activite et la thermostabilite des enzymes sont etudiees. Les analyses montrent que ce sont surtout les enzymes des Pseudomonas fluorescents qui resistent le mieux au traitement thermique
Phylogeography of Southeast Asian flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Pteropus)

Phylogeography of Southeast Asian flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Pteropus) By Susan M. Tsang Advisor: David J. Lohman Flying foxes (Pteropus) are a genus of Old World fruit bats that are important seed dispersers and pollinators for plants native to the 200,000+ islands in Southeast Asia, yet they are some of the most poorly known bats in the world. They comprise some of the largest known bat species, and are morphologically relatively conserved on the genus level. Pteropus is the most species-rich genus within Pteropodidae, though the origin for this diversity remains incompletely understood. In Chapter 1, I discuss the importance of Pteropus to the ecosystem and as reservoir hosts. In Chapter 2, a molecular phylogeny is presented with Pteropus species organized into fewer species groups than recognized from previous research that better reflected the comprehensive dataset. An increase in relative divergence rate was detected within Pteropus during the Pliocene that led to rapid radiations in three species groups. Additionally, discordant signals from nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggested incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization were present, likely as a result of the young clade age, low genetic variability, and rapid diversification of the genus. In Chapter 3, using the species tree generated in Chapter 2, I tested biogeographic mechanisms and scenarios that resulted in current distributions of Pteropus species using several ancestral area reconstruction methods. Dispersal and founder-event speciation were both important mechanisms through which species expanded into new areas. Wallacea was an integral part of the evolutionary history of Pteropus, and likely the region of iv origin, a new result uncovered largely a product of the increased taxonomic and geographic sampling. I then used a combination of phylogenetics and population genetics to determine the population connectivity of two commonly studied Pteropus hosts that are of interest to the disease ecology community, P. vampyrus (Chapter 4) and P. alecto (Chapter 5). Host metapopulation dynamics are important for predictions of pathogen diversity, aggressiveness, and transmission. Pteropus vampyrus and P. alecto highlight differences in management strategies needed and pathogen model predictions. Chapter 6 presents a general discussion regarding these findings and future directions for research.
The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Customer Inspiration and Customer Purchase Intention: A Case Study on Kabul-Afghanistan Telecom Industry

Design/methodology/approach – For examining the mentioned purpose, empirical research was conducted on the telecommunication sector of Afghanistan. Social media users formed the study population, following the telecommunications companies' social media accounts in the capital Kabul. A self-managed online survey was administered using the convenience sampling method. A total of 4oo valid responses were taken for analysis as the sample of the study. The collected data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 to test the suggested hypotheses. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the obtained data.
A logical dictionary with granular process definitions

An underexplored topic in computational lexicography is the creation of formal and computable theories in logic that define the meaning of words. In this work, we introduce the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) (Niles&Pease 2001) (Pease, 2011) as an interlingual resource for lexicographic definition, and concentrate in particular on an exploration of process granularity. The definition of many words depends on their mereological composition. Words that are considered mass nouns or substances in English such as water are subdivisible while retaining their identity, but only to a certain granularity. Processes have similar characteristics with progressives behaving akin to substances. The notion of walking can be subdivided temporally, but only to the point where it becomes a single step or small body motion. Capturing these distinctions in dictionaries has typically been dependent upon the surface syntactic features of given languages, limiting the utility and reuse of lexicographic resources across languages. The present research is an attempt to examine and rectify this issue. We hope also that having linguistically independent definitions will help in clarifying linguistic differences between pairs of languages, even when particular verbs may be considered cross-linguistic near synonyms. In addition, we implement these definitions in a computable language with an associated formal theorem prover that can check the definitions we create for logical consistency.
Stone Tools in Human Evolution: Behavioral Differences among Technological Primates

In Stone Tools in Human Evolution John Shea argues that over the past three million years hominins’ technological strategies shifted from occasional tool use, much like that seen among living non-human primates, to a uniquely human pattern of obligatory tool use. Examining how the lithic archaeological record changed over the course of human evolution, he compares tool use by living humans and non-human primates, and predicts how the archaeological stone tool evidence should have changed as distinctively human behaviors evolved. Those behaviors include using cutting tools, logistical mobility (carrying things), language and symbolic artifacts, geographic dispersal and diaspora, and residential sedentism (living in the same place for prolonged periods). Shea then tests those predictions by analyzing the archaeological lithic record from 6500 years ago to 3.5 million years ago.
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF AKT EXPRESSION USING GENERALIZED AUTOMATIC GLOBAL THRESHOLDING

ABSTRACT Cancer cells have undergone multiple events of genetic al-terations as they progress into more advanced stages. How-ever, methods used to systematically indicate the progres-sion of those cancer cells remain poorly developed. Thepresent study proposes the method to quantitatively measurethe levels of the immunostain of AKT protein in oral cancercells. The proposed histogram-based automatic threshold-ingmethodis employedinorder tosegmentthe stainedcells.Simulation results show that the proposed method can efﬁ-ciently label the cells of interest into different levels of possi-bilityaccordingtothedifferentialexpressionof AKT protein. 1. INTRODUCTION Besides the elderly, recently, a signiﬁcant increase of oralcancerin youngerpeoplehas also beenobserved[1]. Hence,many researchers have focused on better understanding oforalcarcinogenesis,especiallyoralsquamouscell carcinoma(OSCC) which can be found in more than 90% of oral can-cers. Currently, expression of proteins in cells is widelyused as the markers of molecular changes in oral carcino-genesis. Protein that can possibly be used for this purpose isAKT[2–6]. AKTkinasewasfoundtobehighlyexpressedinOSCC [7]. By using immunohistochemicaltechnique, AKTshowed a strong expression in OSCC cells. This phenom-enon can be observedby staining the observedcells with theassumption that cancer cells at more advanced stages wouldexpress high intensity of color after staining OSCC tissueswith AKT antibody (dark brown staining in Fig. 1). How-ever, in the biomedical research, besides the adjustment ofexperts, there is no systematic way to quantitatively indicatethe intensity of staining associated with the possibility of thearea in the tissue affected by cancer.In this paper, we propose to use the image processingtechnique, i.e. image segmentation, to solve this problem.There are many types of image segmentation, e.g. region-based segmentation(
Species Distribution Models: exploring patterns and processes in mammal ecology

Modellingspeciesdistributionisoneofthemostwidelyusedapproachesusedbymodernecologists to predict species occurrence as well as to explore the environmental variables that determine the presence of a species in an habitat. Given the outstanding importance of mammals in the context of conservation or management actions, it is not surprising that an ever increasing number of mammalogists have successfully employed species distribution models over the last few years. As a scientific journal devoted to mammal natural history, Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy is pleased to present a collection of articles forming a special issue that deals with such an important and timely matter.
Diversity of Penicillium species isolated from heavy metal polluted soil in Guizhou Province, China

Seven Penicillium strains were isolated from soil samples polluted by heavy metals in different zones of Guizhou Province, China. Phenotypic identification proved to be difficult and this data was therefore supplemented with ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and partial β-tubulin sequences. Comparison of the obtained sequences with references sequences showed that six strain belonged to Penicillium section Lanata-divaricata and one strain to section Sclerotiora . Three of the seven isolates belonged to a new species and were named here P. terrarumae sp. nov. The other four isolates were identified as P. cremeogriseum, P. guanacastense, P. griseopurpureum and P. oxalicum .
Chemical Constituents of Pleurotus ostreatus

ヒラタケについて,子実体の傘の直径が1cm以上のものと,それ未満のものとに分け,かつ傘,柄及び基部に分け,各部位について,水分,灰分,粗脂肪,遊離脂肪酸,有機酸,糖アルコール,単糖を調べた。 (1) 水分は,1株の平均の含量は90%であり,傘の部分にやや多い傾向がみられた。 (2) 灰分は,1株の平均は1. 1%であり,傘と柄の差は特にみられなかった。 しかし,子実体の小さなものに,やや多く含まれる傾向がみられた。 (3) 無機成分は,1株の平均ではカリウムが100gあたり361mg,次いでリンが121mgと多く,またナトリウム,マグネシウムが多く含まれていた。 これらの部位別含量をみると,子実体の大小あるいは部位による規則性はみられなかった。 (4) 粗脂肪は,1株平均で100gあたり57mgであり,子実体の小さなものに多く,部位別では傘の部分に多い傾向がみられた。 遊離脂肪酸は,C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C18' and C18″が検出され,C18″が最も多く含有されていた。 C18″は柄及び基部では50%以上を占め,傘部では32～36%程度であり,組成比に大きな差がみられた。 (5) 有機酸は,ギ酸,酢酸,乳酸,シュウ酸,コハク酸,フマル酸,リンゴ酸,α-ケトグルタル酸,ピロダルタミン酸,クエン酸が検出された。 1株の平均では,ピログルタミン酸が100gあたり344mgと最も多く,次いでリンゴ酸,乳酸,コハク酸等も比較的多く検出された。 有機酸はいずれも,柄に多く検出された。 (6) 遊離アミノ酸の総和は,1株の平均で100gあたり340. 2mgであった。 部位別に比較すると,柄の部分に多く含まれていた。 グルタミン酸が100gあたり58. 4mgと最も多く,次いでオルニチン,アラニン,シスタチオニン,チロシン等が比較的多く検出された。 各アミノ酸は,部位あるいは子実体の大小により含量に差がみられた。 (7) 糖アルコールは,マンニトールが100gあたり296mg,グルシトールが50mg検出された。 部位別にみるとマンニトール,グルシトール共に柄部に多く含有され,マンニトールにその傾向が著しかった。 (8) 単糖は,1株の平均で100gあたりマンノースが78mg及びグルコースが207mg検出された。 部位別にみると,傘部に比べ柄部に著しく多く含まれていた。 (9) 糖質の含量を柄部と基部で比較すると,柄部はグルシトール,マンノースが多く,基部はマンニトール,グルコースが多く含まれており,特にマンニトールとマンノースの含量に大きな差がみられた。
Influência da Dose de Juvenis Infectantes e da Massa de Larvas de Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) na Produção in Vivo de Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)

Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 is an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) with specific biological requirements which should be known in order to improve its in vivo mass production. This work dealt with the influence o the nematode infective juvenile dose (IJs) and the weight of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae on the in vivo production of H. baujardi LPP7, as expressed in IJs / ml. In the first (of two) bioassay, differen doses of IJs were applied (10; 100; 300 or 3,000) to provide the dose that yielded the highest production o IJs / ml. In the second bioassay, 200 IJs were applied on G. mellonella larvae with different weights (150, 20( and 300 mg). In the first bioassay, the intermediate doses of 100 and 300 IJs yielded the highest production values. In the second bioassay, the highest production values were obtained when larvae with 200 mg were infected. We concluded that H. baujardi LPP7 in vivo mass production is dependant on the nematode (IJs) initia dose and the insect-host weight and, therefore, these parameters should be adequately considered when sucl production is intended.
Influence of seed ageing on the germination, vigour and emergence in module trays of tomato and cucumber seeds

Seeds of tomato and cucumber were aged at 24% mc and 45°C for 0, 6, 18, 24, 30, 42, 48, and 72 h before seed quality and emergence and growth in module trays were evaluated. All seeds retained high germinations with the exception of 72 h aged tomato, but germinated more slowly with mean germination time increasing from 3.86 (0 h ageing) to 6.49 days (48 h ageing) in tomato and from 1.53 (0h) to 3.27 days (72 h) in cucumber. The rate of emergence in module trays declined with increased ageing period, particularly for tomato where the mean emergence time increased from 5.71 (unaged seeds) to 9.24 days (48 h aged). Tomato seeds also produced less vigorous seedlings after ageing with significant reductions in seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight ; similar but smaller changes were observed for cucumber. Despite the above evidence of ageing, the germination of seeds following the Controlled Deterioration test showed little or no decline ; the significance of this observation and the implications of using aged seeds in tomato and cucumber production are discussed.
Performance of Three Methods for the Rapid Identification of Salmonella in Naturally Contaminated Foods and Feeds.

Three commercially available screening methods, the Bio-Control 1-2 TESTR, GENE-TRAKR Salmonella , and Organon Teknika SALMONELLA-TEKR, were compared to the conventional culture procedure for the detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated samples. A total of 250 samples of meat and bone meal, poultry meal, raw ground chicken, and raw macadamia nuts were examined. One hundred and thirty-one samples were found to be positive for Salmonella by all methods combined. The conventional culture method detected 120 (91.6%), the 1-2 TEST 128 (97.7%), GENE-TRAK 119 (90.8%), and SALMONELLA-TEK 120 (91.6%) of the 131 total Salmonella contaminated samples. The number of false-positive reactions varied widely with the rapid methods, with SALMONELLATEK giving 108 unconfirmed reactions and GENE-TRAK and the 1-2 TEST giving 10 and 5, respectively. Confirmation methods recommended by the manufacturers were inadequate for identifying Salmonella from some contaminated samples.
Biomarkers identify coast live oaks that are resistant to the invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum

California coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia) trees have suffered large losses from sudden oak death, caused by the introduced oomycete Phytophthora ramorum. In this review paper, we discuss oak plant chemistry as a potential predictor of disease susceptibility. We have recorded an annual mortality rate of three percent in long-term monitoring plots in Marin County, resulting in greater than 40 percent loss since 2000. Despite this mortality rate, asymptomatic trees still persist in many heavily infected stands. We hypothesized that varying responses to P. ramorum, including apparent recovery from infections, reflected phenotypic differences in susceptibility. In a Marin County inoculation study, a logit model showed that external canker lengths measured 9 months following inoculation predicted both resistance and survival 7 years later. The distribution of canker length was consistent with quantitative resistance to P. ramorum. The role of plant chemistry in resistance was examined by quantifying soluble phenolics in phloem methanol extracts prepared from the surviving trees. A logistic regression model found that expression of resistance was associated with total phenolics and four phenolic compounds; ellagic acid, a partially characterized ellagic acid derivative, and two chromatographic peaks representing two uncharacterized phenolic compounds. In vitro tests showed that ellagic acid was fungistatic against P. ramorum and total phenolics were fungicidal at physiologically relevant concentrations. A subsequent inoculation study in Briones Regional Park, Contra Costa County, California, showed that some of the same compounds were correlated with resistance. The association of certain phenolics with resistance may facilitate the use of biomarkers in minimally invasive assays to predict the response of trees to P. ramorum, thereby increasing the options for managing threatened forests.
The remarkable Australian rove beetle genus Myotyphlus: its cryptic diversity and significance for exploring mutualism among insects and mammals (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Myotyphlus jansoni (Matthews ) a rare and the only rove beetle species from the subtribe Amblyopinina (Staphylininae) in Australia that occurs in the fur of small mammals, is revised. Examination of the male genitalia of this species leads to identification of three distinct species: M. jansoni from Tasmania, Myotyphlus newtoni sp. nov. and Myotyphlus wurra sp. nov. described as new from mainland south‐eastern Australia. Distribution, bionomics and host associations are summarised for all three species with the conclusion that at least M. newtoni also occurs in bat guano in caves, or on the ground. Probably, none of the Myotyphlus species is specific to a particular mammal species although M. wurra is only known from one species of Rattus, while the genus as a whole occurs on several species of Rattus, on Pseudomys higginsi and on Antechinus swainsonii. Myotyphlus seems not as strongly associated with its host mammals as the more diverse Neotropical mammal‐associated genera of Amblyopinina, which is consistent with the shorter time period of those respective mammals' presence in Australia. Reviewed in the broad context of insect–mammal mutualisms, the ecology and putative sister‐group relationships of Myotyphlus suggest an independent origin for the mammal‐associated lifestyle in Myotyphlus and Neotropical Amblyopinina, respectively.
Schoolchildren's earthquake knowledge, preparedness, and risk perception of a seismic-prone region of Mexico

ABSTRACT The paper presents results of a cross-sectional study regarding schoolchildren's seismic risk perception, awareness, and preparedness in a sample size of 817 in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The approach is the application of a questionnaire survey. The main conclusion is that schoolchildren considered in the study are vulnerable to earthquakes due to the lack of a seismic education program. Some relevant results are summarized as follows: (1) over 50% of schoolchildren reported “little fear,” about 25% reported “a lot of fear” during earthquakes, and 19.4% reported low levels of perceived coping abilities; (2) male children get less afraid and show an increased degree of belief in their ability to cope emotionally with earthquakes than females; (3) about 50% of schoolchildren showed deficiencies in knowledge about earthquakes; (4) older schoolchildren (fifth to sixth grade) are more knowledgeable on earthquakes than younger ones (third to fourth grade); (5) a significant number of schoolchildren are not well prepared for what to do before, during, and after an earthquake; and (6) in general, urban schoolchildren are better prepared toward earthquakes than semi-rural schoolchildren.
Lingering representations of stimulus history at encoding influence recall organization

Several prominent theories posit that information about recent experiences lingers in the brain and organizes memories for current experiences, by forming a temporal context that is linked to those memories at encoding. According to these theories, if the thoughts preceding an experience X resemble the thoughts preceding an experience Y, then X and Y should show an elevated probability of being recalled together. We tested this prediction by using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data to measure neural evidence for lingering processing of preceding stimuli. As predicted, memories encoded with similar lingering thoughts (about the category of preceding stimuli) were more likely to be recalled together, thereby showing that the “fading embers” of previous stimuli help to organize recall.
Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Ceramium cimbricum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans supports the naming of a new invasive Pacific entity Ceramium sungminbooi sp. nov.

Abstract The filamentous marine red alga Ceramium cimbricum was described from Denmark, but the name has since been applied to populations worldwide. To determine if C. cimbricum from the Pacific is conspecific with C. cimbricum from the Atlantic, we (1) deciphered an authentic rbcL sequence for the lectotype specimen of C. cimbricum, (2) performed phylogenetic analysis on Pacific and Atlantic C. cimbricum, and (3) assembled and analyzed the complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes of specimens of C. cimbricum from Denmark and California. The lectotype sequence of C. cimbricum was unique and fully resolved with other Atlantic Ceramium species, however, the specimens of C. cimbricum from Denmark, Norway, California, Oregon, and Korea formed a clade with Pacific species. The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of C. cimbricum from Denmark and California were similar in length and gene content, differing by only 67 SNPs and nine gaps for the plastid, and by 100 SNPs and 31 gaps for the mitochondrial genomes. These results support the continued application of the name C. cimbricum to specimens from Denmark, and warrant the naming of a new species, Ceramium sungminbooi sp. nov., native to Asia and introduced to the northeastern Pacific and Europe.
Prioritize Transcription Factor Binding Sites for Multiple Co-Expressed Gene Sets Based on Lasso Multinomial Regression Models

Computational prediction of cis-regulatory elements for a set of co-expressed genes based on sequence analysis provides an overwhelming volume of potential transcription factor binding sites. It presents a challenge to prioritize a set of functional transcription factors and their binding sites on the regulatory regions of the target genes that are relevant to the gene expression study. A novel approach based on the use of lasso multinomial regression models is proposed to address this problem. We examine the ability of the lasso models using a time-course microarray data obtained from a comprehensive study of gene expression profiles in skin and mucosal in mouse over all stages of wound healing.