Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct and adjoint global modes of a recirculation bubble: lift-up and convective non-normalities

The stability of the recirculation bubble behind a smoothed backward-facing step is numerically computed. Destabilization occurs first through a stationary three-dimensional mode. Analysis of the direct global mode shows that the instability corresponds to a deformation of the recirculation bubble in which streamwise vortices induce low- and high-speed streaks as in the classical lift-up mechanism. Formulation of the adjoint problem and computation of the adjoint global mode show that both the lift-up mechanism associated with the transport of the base flow by the perturbation and the convective non-normality associated with the transport of the perturbation by the base flow explain the properties of the flow. The lift-up non-normality differentiates the direct and adjoint modes by their component: the direct is dominated by the streamwise component and the adjoint by the cross-stream component. The convective non-normality results in a different localization of the direct and adjoint global modes, respectively downstream and upstream. The implications of these properties for the control problem are considered. Passive control, to be most efficient, should modify the flow inside the recirculation bubble where direct and adjoint global modes overlap, whereas active control, by for example blowing and suction at the wall, should be placed just upstream of the separation point where the pressure of the adjoint global mode is maximum.
Quantification Of Human Gait Dynamics Using Multiscale Entropy Under Healthy And Diseased Conditions

Biological signals are generated during the activity of physiological systems. Hence these signals contain information that can be extracted to get information about the state and working of the physiological systems. In order to extract information about underlying complex dynamics of physiological system, sophisticated and robust analysis techniques are required. Various linear and non-linear methods have been proposed for analysis of these signals. In this research multi-scale entropy analysis (MSE) method (a complexity based method) is used for analyzing the human gait signals under various diseased and normal conditions. It is found that the complexity of the stride interval derived from controlled (normal) subject is higher than that of pathological/diseased subject. Keywords— Gait dynamics; Stride Interval; Approximate Entropy; Parkinson Disease
3C 129 at 90 Centimeters: Evidence for a Radio Relic?

We present a new wide-field map of the radio galaxy 3C 129 and its companion galaxy 3C 129.1 at λ = 90 cm. We see a distinct steep-spectrum feature near the head of 3C 129, extending in a direction perpendicular to the radio tails. We propose that this Crosspiece might consist of fossil radio plasma, which has been reenergized by the compression of the bow shock of the supersonically moving galaxy 3C 129. One possible origin of the fossil radio plasma could be the tail of a nearby head-tail radio galaxy. We discuss the implications of and give testable predictions for this scenario.
Introduction of Foreign Genes into the Tissue of Live Fish by Direct Injection and Particle Bombardment

We compared 2 methods of direct gene delivery into live rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss tissue, with the final goal of developing DNA-based vaccines for bacterial diseases in salmonids. The introduction of plasmid constructs containing the luciferase and P-galactosidase reporter genes was achieved either by direct injection or by particle bombardment with DNA-coated gold rnicroparticles. Luciferase expression was observed in homogenates of trout flank muscle and slun 2 d after injection of 10 to 100 pg of DNA per fish or bombardment of 1 pm gold particles coated with 5 to 25 pg DNA per fish at helium pressures ranging from 2750 to 12 400 kPa. Expression levels increased over 10 d and persisted for at least 60 d after injection. For particle bombardment, the most reproducible levels of luciferase expression were obtained with the eye as a target (83% of fish positive versus 59 % of fish positive when the flank was the target). The levels of luciferase expression observed after particle bombardment were significantly lower (t-test, p < 0.02) than the levels measured after direct injection. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated P-galactosidase gene expression in muscle cells at the site of injection and in the dermis, epidermis and muscle after bombardment. These 2 methods may prove valuable for the development of a new generation of DNA-based vaccines for fish.
Approaches to Learning in Secondary and Tertiary Students in ong Kong: Some Comparative Studies

~~HJf~~~1991 ,m~~. 27-39 F *~~B':J~~••oruJJ nm=mw~·&~~:>F~B' :J*•m~~-o~*~~mm· ~-~~1:B':la~~~- ~~ ••w~••*·-~B':J~1 :ftm~B':1*•~~~~1 :B':J~~:1J$~F.i1 "~~"~~oft~~:1JB' :J~1:·~~~1:B':J~ :(. ILr&:tffi*51~1~~M~, {91J~JJfJUF~EI':J~~:1J$:. lEi! f~~~~1: B':l~~~~l! ic# o
Family Physicians' Perceptions toward Writing Physical Activity Prescriptions: I Tell Patients it's Like the Super Pill!

Background: Although prior research has shown that physicians perceive various barriers that hinder the systematic promotion of physical activity in practice, no study has contrasted the barriers reported by physicians who regularly prescribe physical activity with those who are not prescribing it. AIM: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore barriers and enablers to prescribing physical activity in primary care among family physicians who are currently prescribing it and those who are not. METHODS: This study used quantitative, to assess physicians’ prescribing behavior, and qualitative, to identify barriers and enablers within each group, methodologies. Participants were drawn from a web-based survey. For the current study, identified family physicians prescribing physical activity (n=3; prescribers) and not prescribing it (n=6; nonprescribers) participated in a face-to-face semi-structured interview. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was employed in which four researchers independently identified barrier and enabler themes. RESULTS: Various barriers hindering physical activity prescriptions were reported by both groups of physicians, with some differences noted across groups. Cross-group comparisons also led to the identification of enablers among prescribers. These included awareness of the value of physical activity prescription, positive attitude toward physical activity, recognizing physical activity prescription as part of family medicine, having access to resources (e.g., physical activity prescription pads), and developing resiliency against patient rebuttal and non-compliance. CONCLUSION: This study improves our understanding of the barriers encountered by family physicians to prescribing physical activity in primary care. Focusing on the enabling factors elucidated in this study may help family physicians counter perceived barriers and increase physical activity prescription rates.
assisted psychotherapy : a Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects

We report follow-up data evaluating the long-term outcomes for the first completed trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for chronic, treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Mithoefer et al., 2011). All of the 19 subjects who received MDMA-assisted treatment in the original trial participated in the long-term follow-up (LTFU), with 16 out of 19 completing all of the long-term outcome measures, which were administered from 17 to 74 months after the original study’s final MDMA session (mean = 45.4; SD = 17.3). Our primary outcome measure used was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Secondary outcome measures were the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Neuroticism Extroversion Oppenness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) Personality Inventory. We also collected a long-term follow-up questionnaire. Results for the 16 CAPS completers showed there were no statistical differences between mean CAPS score at LTFU (mean = 23.7; SD = 22.8) (tmatched = 0.1; df = 15, p = 0.91) and the mean CAPS score previously obtained at Study Exit (mean = 24.6, SD = 18.6). On average, subjects maintained statistically and clinically-significant gains in symptom relief, although two of these subjects did relapse. It was promising that we found the majority of these subjects with previously severe PTSD who were unresponsive to existing treatments had symptomatic relief provided by MDMA-assisted psychotherapy that persisted over time, with no subjects reporting harm from participation in the study.
Author ' s personal copy A novel cytoprotective antioxidant : 4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid

The antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid (4-HIPA) isolated from the Decalepis hamiltonii roots was examined. 4-HIPA is a potent scavenger of superoxide (O2 ), hydroxyl ( OH), nitric oxide ( NO), and lipid peroxide (LOO ) physiologically relevant free radicals with IC50 values in the nanomolar (2–187) range. 4-HIPA also exhibits a concentration dependent secondary antioxidant activities like reducing power, metal chelating activity, and inhibition of protein carbonylation. Further, 4-HIPA at nanomolar concentration prevented CuSO4-induced human LDL oxidation. 4-HIPA demonstrated cytoprotective activity in primary hepatocytes and Ehrlich Ascites tumour (EAT) cells against oxidative stress inducing xenobiotics apart from the in vitro free radical scavenging activity. The mechanism of cytoprotective action involved maintaining the intracellular glutathione (GSH), scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Thus, 4-HIPA is a novel bioactive molecule with potential health implications. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Biometric Authentication and Verification for Medical Cyber Physical Systems

A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a network of wirelessly connected sensing and actuating devices. WBANs used for recording biometric information and administering medication are classified as part of a Cyber Physical System (CPS). Preserving user security and privacy is a fundamental concern of WBANs, which introduces the notion of using biometric readings as a mechanism for authentication. Extensive research has been conducted regarding the various methodologies (e.g., ECG, EEG, gait, head/arm motion, skin impedance). This paper seeks to analyze and evaluate the most prominent biometric authentication techniques based on accuracy, cost, and feasibility of implementation. We suggest several authentication schemes which incorporate multiple biometric properties.
Expectations, Heterogeneous Forecast Errors, and Consumption: Micro Evidence from the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Surveys

The household data underlying the Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment are used to test the rationality of consumer expectations and their usefulness in forecasting expenditure. The results can be interpreted as characterizing the shocks that hit different types of households over time. Expectations are found to be biased and inefficient, at least ex post. People underestimated the disinflation of the early 1980s and the severity of recent business cycles. People's forecast errors are also systematically correlated with their demographic characteristics, in part because of time-varying, group-level shocks. Further, sentiment helps forecast consumption growth. Some of this rejection of the permanent income hypothesis is due to the systematic demographic components in forecast errors.
In vitro regeneration of Pistacia vera L. from nodal explants

To enhance the induction of shoots, the excised nodes were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing different cytokinins and various concentrations. The best conditions for shoot induction and growth were with 6-benzyladenine at 1.0 mg·l–1. For axillary shoot proliferation, the excellent result was obtained using 2.0 mg·l–1 meta-topoline. Well-developed shoots (more than 2 cm in length) were successfully rooted ex vitro at 82% by treatment with commercial rooting powder (2% indole-3-butyric acid; Rhizopon®). Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the greenhouse and the survival rate of transplantation reached 80%.
Scientific but Not Academical Overview of Malware Anti-Debugging , Anti-Disassembly and Anti-VM Technologies

Malware is widely acknowledged as a growing threat with hundreds of thousands of new samples reported each week. Analysis of these malware samples has to deal with this significant quantity but also with the defensive capabilities built into malware; Malware authors use a range of evasion techniques to harden their creations against accurate analysis. The evasion techniques aim to disrupt attempts of disassembly, debugging or analyse in a virtualized environment. This talk catalogs the common evasion techniques malware authors employ, applying over 50 different static detections, combined with a few dynamic ones for completeness. We validate our catalog by running these detections against a database of 4 million samples (the system is constantly running and the numbers will be updated for the presentation), enabling us to present an analysis on the real state of evasion techniques in use by malware today. The resulting data will help security companies and researchers around the world to focus their attention on making their tools and processes more efficient to rapidly avoid the malware authors' countermeasures. This first of its kind, comprehensive catalog of countermeasures was compiled by the paper's authors by researching each of the known techniques employed by malware, and in the process new detections were proposed and developed. The underlying malware sample database has an open architecture that allows researchers not only to see the results of the analysis, but also to develop and plug-in new analysis capabilities. The system will be made available in beta at Black Hat, with the purpose of serving as a basis for innovative community research.
OPTIMIZATION OF AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION IN EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS

This study was conducted to optimize Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation for Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Transformation was done by using LBA4404 containing binary plasmid pGA482 with uidA (Gus) gene under CamV35S promoter and nptII gene under nos promoter. For optimization, different explants (Cotyledonary leaves, plantlet leaves and hypocotyls of young In vitro plants and calli) with and without preculture were infected with a range of optical densities (O.D.600nm=0.3-0.6). Effect of different concentrations of Acetosyringone, infection time and co-cultivation time on transformation efficiency was evaluated. Confirmation of transformation was done through GUS histochemical staining & through PCR. Callogenesis and regeneration was found fast on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L BAP. Highest transformation efficiency was obtained with bacterial suspension of O.D. 600nm = 0.5 for non-precultured explants and O.D. 600nm=0.3 for precultured explants.
A short note on a fast and high-order hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin solver for the 2D high-frequency Helmholtz equation

The method of polarized traces provides the first documented algorithm with truly scalable complexity for the highfrequency Helmholtz equation, i.e., with a runtime sublinear in the number of volume unknowns in a parallel environment. However, previous versions of this method were either restricted to a low order of accuracy, or suffered from computationally unfavorable boundary reduction to O(p) interfaces in the p-th order case. In this note we rectify this issue by proposing a high-order method of polarized traces with compact reduction to two, rather than O(p), interfaces. This method is based on a primal Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) discretization in a domain decomposition setting. In addition, HDG is a welcome upgrade for the method of polarized traces, since it can be made to work with flexible meshes that align with discontinuous coefficients, and it allows for adaptive refinement in h and p. High order of accuracy is very important for attenuation of the pollution error, even in settings when the medium is not smooth. We provide some examples to corroborate the convergence and complexity claims.
TGF-β-dependent Cell Growth Arrest and Apoptosis

Received 16 November 2001Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a member of alarge family of multifunctional secreted polypeptides that arepotent regulators of cell growth, differentiation, and matrixproduction (Massague, 1998; Dijke et al., 2000; Derynck etal., 2001). TGF-β was initially identified and named on the basis of itsability to stimulate fibroblast growth in soft agar, but it is nowthe best-studied growth inhibitory protein. Its molecularcomponents at each step in the TGF-β signaling pathway havebeen identified as tumor suppressors (Massague, 1998). Overthe last two decades, the TGF-β family has emerged as amajor source of signals that control cell growth anddifferentiation (Massague et al., 2000). Members of the TGF-β family produce different effects, depending on the type andstate of the cell. The signals of TGF-β family members aretransduced across the plasma membrane by the heteromericinteraction of two receptors, types I and II, which are serine/threonine kinases. The initiation of the signaling requiresbinding of TGF-β to the TGF-β type II receptor, aconstitutively active serine/threonine kinase, whichsubsequently transphosphorylates the TGF-β type I receptor.The activated type I receptor initiates intracellular signalingthrough the activation of specific Smad proteins. Smads relaysignals into the nucleus where they, together with otherproteins, direct transcriptional responses (Massague, 2000). In this review, we will focus on how TGF-β mediates cellgrowth arrest and apoptosis.
Photogrammetric Technique for Timber Stack Volume Contol

The problem of accurate log volume measurement is a very important, especially in case of seaport volume control where logs are put in a huge stack of hundred meters length and a time for volume control is strongly restricted. Current technology of volume control use manual means such as measuring tape, so the process of measurement is rather inaccurate and time consuming. To estimate the volume of timber stack its frontal area is measured and some control parts of a stack are used for stacking coefficient (wood density in a stack) determination. Non-contact vision based technique is proposed for manual measurements substituting. The developed methods are implemented in portable photogrammetric system for stack parameters measuring and documenting.
Influence of Cocoa Butter and Coconut Oil Lubricants on Quality Parameters of Effervescent Diclofenac Tablet Formulation

Lubrication of effervescent tablet formulations with popular lubricants prior to compression, in many cases, is often accompanied with such challenges as incompatibilities and high cost. Hence, the rising need to search for more effective, more compatible and cheaper natural lubricants for this delivery system to promote patient therapeutic benefits. This work is thus designed to examine the properties of cocoa butter and coconut oil as alternative lubricants in comparison with polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different concentrations in effervescent Diclofenac tablet formulation. Cocoa butter and coconut oil were extracted from the seeds of Theobroma cacao and the meat of matured fruits of Cocos nucifera, respectively. The physical mixtures of the tablet formulations containing either cocoa butter, coconut oil or polyethylene glycol as lubricants at varying concentrations (04%) were assessed for their density and fluidity properties using angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, bulk and tapped densities as assessment parameters. Direct compression method was used to prepare the tablets at a compression load of 4.5 KgF. The quality parameters of the effervescent tablets – tablet dimensions, weight variation, crushing strength, friability, disintegration and effervescence times were also evaluated. The flow properties and other parameters were within the prescribed official specifications. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the values of tablet dimensions (p > 0.05). While the values of the tablet crushing strength decreased, friability (%), disintegration and effervescence times increased as the lubricant concentration increased for all the batches. Tablets formulated with cocoa butter and coconut oil lubricants at concentrations of 3 4 %w/w and 4 %w/w, respectively, exhibited good quality parameters, and, therefore, could serve as alternative lubricants in producing effervescent tablets with acceptable mechanical strength and short effervescence time.
Cronicidad: Attention and Management

The Statistical Office of the European Union notes that in Spain in 2007, 15.7% of the population was over 65 years of age and that the forecast for the year 2050 will be 34.1%, becoming one of the countries older Europeans [1]. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE), due to decreases in the birth rate and mortality, in Spain 1-1-2011 there were 8 million people over 65 years old, corresponding 5.1% of the total to elderly people of 80 years or older and in this age group 5% had two or more chronic diseases (CD). However, since longevity is a determining factor in chronicity, it is not correct to associate CD with an elderly person because there are other age groups that also suffer from it [2]. The concept of the chronically ill has changed in recent times from the definition of a person affected by a single disease with more than three months duration to, at this time, lasting more than six months, with various pathologies, limiting the quality of life and important repercussions in the personal, family, psychological, social and economic. CDs surpass the health sector because they affect the quality of life and produce a great socio-economic impact and are associated with dependency and disability that cause added psycho-physical squeal. At the primary level, we must modify lifestyles and, at a secondary level, detect and treat early, in addition to rehabilitating not only the patient but also the family and their environment [3].
Habitat selection by juvenile Atlantic salmon: the interaction between physical habitat and abundance

The effect of physical river habitat variables on the distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in the Riviere de la Trinite, Quebec, Canada, was examined using generalized additive modelling. A survey of Atlantic salmon fry and parr densities and habitat variables (flow velocity, water column depth and substratum size) was conducted in the summer months from 1984 to 1992. Clear patterns of habitat use existed: specific ranges of habitat variables were selected, with parr preferring greater velocities, depths and substratum sizes than fry. There was a large variation, however, in juvenile densities for given velocities, depths or substratum sizes, with this variation being greatest in optimal habitats. On examination of an individual year, interaction between the variables was found to explain some of the variation. On a year-to-year basis the juvenile Atlantic salmon population was found to exhibit an ‘Ideal Free Distribution’, which resulted in greatest variation in optimal habitats with year-to-year changes in population abundance.