Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The plastic plant: root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients

Contents I. Introduction 000 II. Morphological responses 000 III. Root demography 000 IV. Physiological plasticity 000 V. Root plasticity in patches in competition and symbiosis with microorganisms 000 VI. Influence of patch attributes 000 VII. Control of root proliferation 000 VIII. Conclusions 000 Acknowledgements 000 References 000 Summary When roots encounter a nutrient-rich zone or patch they often proliferate within it. Roots experiencing nutrient-rich patches can also enhance their physiological ion-uptake capacities compared with roots of the same plant outside the patch zone. These plastic responses by the root system have been proposed as the major mechanism by which plants cope with the naturally occurring heterogeneous supplies of nutrients in soil. Various attempts to predict how contrasting species will respond to patches have been made based on specific root length (SRL), root demography and biomass allocation within the patch zone. No one criterion has proved definitive. Actually demonstrating that root proliferation is beneficial to the plant, especially in terms of nitrogen capture from patches, has also proved troublesome. Yet by growing plants under more realistic conditions, such as in interspecific plant competition, and with a complex organic patch, a direct benefit can be demonstrated. Thus, as highlighted in this review, the environmental context in which the root response is expressed is as important as the magnitude of the response itself.
A New Dual Magnetic Sensor Probe for Lift-off Compensation in Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection

For in-line inspection of ferromagnetic materials, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection is the most common nondestructive testing method. The measured signals of the MFL detection are affected by many factors, especially the lift-off of sensors. In addition, in practical inspection applications, due to mechanical vibration, the lift-off of sensors will continue to fluctuate throughout the detection process. To address the problem, this paper proposes a new type of probe with dual vertical distributed magnetic sensors for MFL detection. This paper also presents a solution for implementing the dual magnetic sensor probe on the circuit board. According to the proposed probe structure and the magnetic dipole model, the analytical solutions of the current sensor lift-off and the defect depth are given. The solutions are verified by the finite element simulation and physical experiments. Furthermore, the sensor lift-off compensation experiments are carried out under different lift-off values. The simulation and the experiments prove that the solution of the defect depth and the lift-off compensation of probes are in line with the engineering application.
Scope of Implementing Humanoid Robots at Educational Institutes in India’s Perspective

The current technological advancement in the field of robotics is very vast. Emerging technologies of robots has enabled them to interact with humans. With the current pace of development in this field soon there will be many robots deployed into the market. Humanoid robot is a kind of robot that resembles human and are trained to act like same. These robots are integrated with modern developing technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning to interact with humans. Applying this emerging technology into the field of education will generate great results. India is still a developing nation, introduction of these features into it will show great response. This will reduce the workload and consumption of resources. Not only this, but it will make error less knowledge transfer to the next generation from their own personalized robot.
A low complexity GNSS spoofing detection method for vehicular applications

Spoofing detection methods based on the principle of angle-of-arrival discrimination usually rely on the knowledge or estimation of the baseline to satellite geometry. In this contribution a spoofing detection method is described, which does not rely on the knowledge or estimation of this baseline and satellite geometry. The proposed method relies on the difference in the probability distribution of the phase observations under normal and spoofing conditions. An experiment, based on two low cost GNSS receivers shows a good performance with a very low false alarm rate and a detection rate in the order of 99% or higher.
Short-term reliability of high performance Q-band AlN/GaN HEMTs

We report on an on-wafer short-term 40 GHz RF reliability stress test comparison up to 140°C base plate temperature between a 3 nm and 4 nm barrier thickness AlN/GaN HEMT technology showing high power performances in the millimeter wave range. It is found that the barrier thickness in this highly strain heterostructure has a major impact on the device reliability. The superior robustness when using thinner barrier (closer to the critical thickness) is attributed to the reduced strain.
A Variable-Structure Robot Hand That Uses the Environment to Achieve General Purpose Grasps

Modern robotic grippers are either specialized and simple, complex and general purpose, or soft and compliant hands. The first provide high reliability but are limited in the range of objects they grasp. Compliant or soft grippers can grasp wide ranges of objects, but are not yet reliable enough for real-world applications. This letter presents a novel variable-structure general purpose robotic hand. The planar-acting hand has a minimalistic structure that can adapt itself against the environment to fit a wide range of objects. The single motor, multi-finger hand utilizes a novel principle of re-arranging its structure prior to grasping. This is achieved by pressing the hand against the environment and performing a series of adjustment moves, to best suit the hand for the object to be grasped. The design and method of operation of the hand is explained. Then, a technique for determining the set of adjustments needed to re-arrange the hand according to the desired grasp is sketched. Real-world experiments are performed with the hand, showing its ability to re-arrange itself and grasp previously unseen objects. Source code for the simulations and experiments is supplemented to the paper, as well as a video clip of the variable-structure hand in action.
Post-Activation Potentiation—A Clue for Simplifying Models of Muscle Dynamics'

SYNOPSIS. Post-activation potentiation is a phenomena that occurs only in fasttwitch muscle fibers. Its main effect is to enhance muscle force at sub-maximal activation levels for a short duration of time following previous muscle activation. We characterized this phenomenon in feline caudofemoralis (CF) muscle (composed of 100% fast-twitch muscle fibers) to understand its importance during physiological patterns of activation. During such patterns ( e.g. , 43 pps, 8 pulse trains delivered at 1 sec intervals) CF potentiated rapidly and apparently maximally. When CF was allowed to relax, potentiation decayed slowly with a time constant 20–40 x slower than the rise-time. The level of potentiation reached during the potentiating paradigm was stable in response to a wide range of stimuli, including various stimulation rates (15–120 pps) and various inter-train intervals (up to 10 sec). The shape of the twitch force-length curve for potentiated CF was similar to that of the tetanic force-length curve in either the potentiated or unpotentiated state. In contrast, the shape of the twitch force-length curve for unpotentiated CF was shifted markedly to the right accompanied by a narrowing of the curve's peak. We conclude from our observations that fast-twitch muscle fibers operate and should be modeled in a state of full potentiation, and that modeling the potentiated state may actuaUy be simpler than modeling the unpotentiated state.
VentricularPerformanceand Glucose Uptake in Rats duringChronic HypobaricHypoxia

To identify changes of ventricular performanceand their relationship to myocardial glucose uptake in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, radionudide angiocardiograms(n = 34) and 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (2[14C]DG) autoradiography (n = 14) were performed on rats maintained either for two weeks in air at 380 mmHg (hypoxicgroup),two weeks in hypobarichypoxiafollowed by two weeks of air (recovered group), or in air (control group). Right ventricularejectionfraction (RVEF)was 66% Â± 2% (mean Â± s.e.m.) in controls, 40% Â± 3% during hypoxia,and 60% Â± 2% in recoveredrats. LVEFremained unchanged.In controls, RV 2-[14C]DGuptake was 77% Â± 3% of LV uptake. During hypoxia, 2-[14CJDGuptake in creased.This increasewas greater within the RV than the LVandseptum(85Â±16%versus51 Â±10%,p < 0.005). The alterations of RV 2-[14C]DGuptake correlated with systolicpulmonary arterypressure (r = 0.77,p = 0.002). J NucIMed1990;31:1344â€”1351
Immigration Reform, Homeland Defense, and Metropolitan Economies in the Post 9-11 Environment

U.S. attitudes toward immigration and immigrants changed dramatically after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (Morin and Deane, 2002). Emblematic of the shift, the federal government introduced immigration reforms that impose major constraints on the movement of people (as well as capital, goods and services) into and out of the United States (Miller and Anderson, 2001). Given the human death toll and the magnitude of the economic losses, these and other federal actions, including the establishment of an Office of Homeland Security, may seem perfectly rational (Navarro and Spencer, 2001). Unfortunately, in the rush to boost homeland security, it appears that little, if any, consideration was given to the threat for the post 9-11 immigration reforms to stifle future U.S. economic growth and development (Johnson, 2002). After highlighting the specific loopholes in U.S. immigration policy that the terrorist exploited, I describe the federal efforts to boost homeland security and assess the impacts of the events surrounding the attacks on U.S. metropolitan economies. I conclude by proposing an alternative to the federal government’s current approach to homeland defense—a more geographically strategic approach that enhances national security without violating civil liberties and constraining international commerce.
Self-Configuring Robot Path Planning With Obstacle Avoidance via Deep Reinforcement Learning

This letter proposes a hybrid control methodology to achieve full body collision avoidance in anthropomorphic robot manipulators. The proposal improves classical motion planning algorithms by introducing a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approach trained ad hoc for performing obstacle avoidance, while achieving a reaching task in the operative space. More specifically, a switching mechanism is enabled whenever a condition of proximity to the obstacles is met, thus conferring to the dual-mode architecture a self-configuring capability in order to cope with objects unexpectedly invading the workspace. The proposal has been finally tested relying on a realistic robot manipulator simulated in a V-REP environment.
Evaluation of LoRaWAN for Sensor Data Collection in an IIoT–based Additive Manufacturing Project

The continuous evolution of additive manufacturing allows to produce innovative objects that are adopted in several diverse fields of applications. This trend can be further enhanced by the spreading of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm which ensures effective interconnection among distributed, possibly heterogeneous, components and allows remote access by means of commercial devices such as PCs, tablets and smartphones. In this paper, we address a large additive manufacturing project which effectively exploits an IIoT architecture by embedding sensors (temperature, humidity, light, etc.) within the produced artifacts, so that they can make available diverse measurement data collected during both the production process (in real–time) and the subsequent lifetime of the artifacts, enabling further off–line analyses. This clearly represents an innovative and challenging feature that needs to be adequately investigated. To this regard, after describing the automation system of the project, we focus on the wireless system that implements the collection of measurements by the sensors within the artifacts. The design process led to the selection of a Low Power Wide Area Network, namely LoRaWAN, as a suitable communication solution. In this respect, we present here the tests performed to assess the actual feasibility and performance of such network in this specific application context. The obtained results are encouraging, since the sensors within the artifacts revealed able to exchange the required measurement data with the automation system in an effective way.
“Shift and Match” (S…M) method for channel mobility correction in degraded MOSFETs

Mobility degradation due to generation of defects is a well-known phenomenon. Split C~V technique is the most widely used experimental method. However, this technique can induce large error in the presence of generated fast states: they can distort the split C~V technique and lead to over-estimation of the mobile channel carriers. As a consequence, mobility degradation will be over-estimated. Accurate determination of the mobility after degradation is critical for time-dependent reliability modeling. In this work, for the first time, a new "Shift and Match" (S&M) method is proposed to determine these generated fast states based on experimentally measured Id~Vg, Cgc~Vg and Cgb~Vg data. The potential sources of error in this new method, including series resistance have been investigated. Based on this method, hole mobility degradation has been re-evaluated on pMOSFET after NBTI stress. It is found that mobility degradation can be over-estimated by more than 50%.
Preliminary Results for Novel Shear Force Sensor using Force Sensitive Resistors

This paper presents the theory, design, and development of an innovative shear sensor using force sensitive resistors (FSR) and two soft silicone layers that is intended to allow shear forces applied to skin to be measured. The sensor is being developed to better understand the shear forces applied to skin during patient transfers. The sensor is constructed using four FSRs arranged in a two by two matrix and secured between the two silicone layers. The silicone layers include features to secure the FSRs in place and concentrate the force applied to the sensor to the center of the FSR pads. The preliminary results show that the sensor allows the measurement of normal forces of up to 4.9 N applied to the 4.5cm square sensor to be measured with an R2 of 0.996. The results also show that the sensor can measure shear forces of up to 1.5 N with an R2 of 0.981. The results show the sensor has a linear response to both normal and shear forces. Future work is required to further analyze the performance of this novel sensor.
Research Digest

This interesting study investigates the neurobiological basis of social exclusion, which might also be regarded as “loss” or the pain of separation. It involved a functionalimaging investigation of scanned brains of subjects playing “virtual” catch with two others. The participants believed that the images of other characters represented the real players—though the task was run by computer program. The players initially believed that they were part of a group throwing a ball between themselves. However, in an “explicit-rejection” condition, the other (imaginary) players deliberately ignore the participants— rejecting them as they passed the ball between themselves. Unsurprisingly, participants showed feelings of exclusion, measured by self-report, in the “rejection” condition. Critically, activity in the anterior cingulate cortex—an area long known to be associated with feelings of separation and loss—was increased during this condition. The authors also note that this brain area has previously been linked to the experience of physical pain, hence the analogy that “pain” of the social type might be analogous to physical pain. In addition, activity in the right ventral prefrontal cortex was correlated with reduced distress after the rejection. The authors note too that this area has previously been linked with the regulation of (physical) pain. The study is yet another suggesting a role for the anterior cingulate cortex in the attachment process, adding an additional role for the frontal cortex in affect regulation. Bar-On, R. , Tranel, D. , Denberg, N. L. , & Bechara, A. (2003). Exploring the neurological substrate of emotional and social intelligence. Brain, 126: 1790–1800.
A Physical-Layer Security Based on Wireless Steganography Through OFDM and DFT-Precoded OFDM Signals

We propose a physical-layer security approach based on the concept of steganography for IoT networks. Similar to the covert communications, the transmitter (Alice) attempts to send her secret signal to the legitimate receiver (Bob) avoiding being detected by the warden (Willie). Instead of sending the weak signal that is barely detectable by Willie, we hide secret signal in the cover signal that is transmitted over the same channel such that its existence may not be easily detected without any knowledge of prior information. Considering the practical applications to IoT networks, the DFT-precoded OFDM is adopted for the cover signal and conventional OFDM for the secret signal. Through theoretical analysis and corresponding simulations, the detection error probability of Willie is evaluated over an AWGN channel, revealing that judicious selection of cover signal power may increase the detection error probability of Willie and thus improve the covertness.
Design of Stand-Alone Cryomodule Based on Superconducting Quarter-Wave Resonator

Present superconducting accelerators require a central refrigeration system and piping to distribute liquid helium and nitrogen. Stand-alone cryocooler-based systems are of significant interest both to scientific and industrial customers, as they allow applications at facilities where no cryogenic equipment and expertise exists, where it is undesirable to develop additional cryogenic systems, or where a mobile system that can be transported between beamlines or facilities is required. The technical challenge of this approach is to minimize the heat losses to the liquid helium so that commercially available, self-contained cryocoolers are able to handle the thermal load. This article presents an improved design for a stand-alone quarter-wave resonator (QWR) cryomodule based on commercially available cryocoolers. This cryomodule has a particular application in the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System intensity upgrade project, where it will house a 72.75 MHz QWR for beam energy adjustments to experimental areas, where no helium cryogenic systems exist. The described cryomodule may also be the critical part of a turnkey system with application to material processing, semiconductor manufacturing, food irradiation, and homeland security. The development of low-heat loss peripheral components reduces the cost and widens applicability of the system. We will discuss the cryomodule and RF coupler designs, including numerical thermal and structural analyses.
Marketing Automation, 5G and IoT assisted for advanced applications

The combat for increasing the levels of penetrability of CRM / Customer Relations Management and of PR / Public Relations has led to the strong advancements in Marketing Automation. The paper presents the team's considerations and accomplishments in the Marketing Automation implementation and the importance and consequences of the 5G and IoT involvement. The authors have connected the Marketing Automation at two, surprisingly, convergent aspects: psychology and software technology. The authors highlight the use of IoT globally, by all actors, such as individuals and small companies, large companies in the industry, ICT and mobile phone companies, as well as Official statistics. The authors achieve a comparison between the Marketing Automation software tools such as Marketo, Pardot, Eloqua and others and present their conclusions about the possibilities and efficiency of each Marketing Automation instrument and also approaching technologies and efficiency. Practical examples illustrate the important conclusions.
Detecting Mobility Context over Smartphones using Typing and Smartphone Engagement Patterns

Most of the latest context-based applications capture the mobility of a user using Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors like accelerometer and gyroscope which do not need explicit user-permission for application access. Although these sensors provide highly accurate mobility context information, existing studies have shown that they can lead to undesirable leakage of location information. To evade this breach of location privacy, many of the state-of-the-art studies suggest to impose stringent restrictions over the usage of IMU sensors. However, in this paper, we show that typing and smartphone engagement patterns can act as an alternative modality to sniff the mobility context of a user, even if the IMU sensors are not sampled at all. We develop an adversarial framework, named ConType, which exploits the signatures exposed by typing and smartphone engagement patterns to track the mobility of a user. Rigorous experiments with in-the-wild dataset show that ConType can track the mobility contexts with an average micro-F1 of 0.87 (±0.09), without using IMU data. Through additional experiments, we also show that ConType can track mobility stealthily with very low power and resource footprints, thus further aggravating the risk.
Systematic Review of Data Mining based Recommendation Methods Reference to Business to Business (B2B) Recommendation

In today’s recommendation methods, the web-based approach is used for recommending the set of ranked and limited products from all available products of the same category without using direct inputs from end users. The Business to Business (B2B) services is one of the application areas in which recommendation techniques should be applied, but due to the complex items and users profiles, it becomes difficult to apply. In this paper, we presented the systematic review of novel fuzzy preference graph based B2B marketing campaign recommendation system to address the challenges of the complex and dynamic nature of the business buying process. The fuzzy approach used to address the challenges of vague or fuzzy online users preferences problem. The investigation and comparative analysis of recent studies related to the B2B recommendation system considered in this review. The outcome of this paper claims the various research gaps identified from the literature review.
Caching and Prefetching web usage through Improved Support Vector Machine

Internet is a need of everyone, without internet nobody can do any work in today’s life wherein caching and prefetching of web object is strongly required. But cache management for memory management is a great challenge in front of world, so in this paper we are concentrating on to increase speed of internet and to avoid workload, bandwidth problem, client service time. We are Using ISVM method proxy server to improve performance of internet and it would be better for everyone those who access internet . In this predicting Web objects are stored into cache and according to time it is retrieved from cache so there is no need to go origin of Web server. Here we divide the requests into categorized way like heavy, medium, small, etc…As per ISVM method. It stores Web objects periodically and prefetches only those web objects which are used frequently. It reduces access latency and cache miss by improving performance and decrease load of web server and access latency of request whenever internet is accessed. It avoid cache management problem to overcome drawback of cache management, ISVM method is used to avoid overload of Web server or origin server by building ISVM technique into proxy server. Using prediction based proxy server using ISVM techniques it improves performance of internet . It mainly focus on periodically prefetch web object to improve hits and reduce miss ratio.