Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software Testing Using Algebraic Specification Based Test Oracles

In TAV4, the first author presented a paper describing an algorithm to perform run-time consistency checking of abstract data types specified using algebraic specifications. This algorithm has subsequently been incorporated into a run-time consistency checking tool for the Anna specification language for Ada, and works on a subset of all possible algebraic specifications. The algorithm implementation can be considered a test oracle for algebraic specifications that performs its activities while the formally specified program is running. This paper presents empirical results on the use of this test oracle on a real-life symbol table implementation. Various issues that arise due to the use of algebraic specifications and the test oracle are discussed. 50 different errors were introduced into the symbol table implementation. On testing using the oracle, 60% of the errors were detected by the oracle, 35% of the errors caused Ada exceptions to be raised, and the remaining 5% went undetected. These results are remarkable, especially since the test input was simply one sequence of symbol table operations performed by a typical client. The cases that went undetected contained errors that required very specific boundary conditions to be met --- an indication that white box test-data generation techniques may be required to detect them. Hence, a combination of white-box test-data generation along with a specification based test oracle may be an extremely versatile combination in detecting errors. This paper does not address test-data generation, rather it illustrates the usefulness of algebraic specification based test oracles during run-time consistency checking. Run-time consistency checking should be considered a complementary approach to unit testing using generated test-data.
Parallel Performance of Linear Solvers and Preconditioners

Abstract : In this report we examine the performance of parallel linear solvers and preconditioners available in the Hypre, PETSc, and MUMPS libraries to identify the combination with the shortest wall clock time for large-scale linear systems. The linear system of equations in this work is produced by a finite element code solving a linear elastic boundary value problem (BVP). The boundary conditions for the linear elastic BVP are produced by a discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulation and change with each timestep of the DDD simulation as the dislocation structure evolves. However, the coefficient--or stiffness matrix-- remains constant during the DDD simulation and some expensive matrix factorizations only occur once during initialization. Our results show that for system sizes of less than three million degrees of freedom (DOF), the MUMPS direct solver is 20x faster than the best iterative solvers per timestep, but has a large upfront cost for the LU decomposition. Systems larger than three million DOFs require iterative solvers. The Hypre algebraic multigrid (AMG) preconditioner packaged was the best performing iterative solver, but was found to be sensitive to the AMG parameters. The PETSc Block Jacobi preconditioner showed good performance with the default preconditioning setting.
Improved FOCUSS method with two-step reweighted ℓ2 minimization

FOCal Underdetermined System Solver (FOCUSS) is a useful method through reweighted ℓ2 minimization for sparse recovery. In this paper, we introduce an improved FOCUSS by enhancing sparsity with two reweighted ℓ2 minimization. The reweighted FOCUSS method has higher mission success rate and better accuracy than FOCUSS. The simulation results illustrate the advantage of reweighted FOCUSS.
Algorithms: A Functional Programming Approach

From the Publisher: The design of algorithms for problem-solving lies at the heart of computer science. Concise yet authoritative, Algorithms: A Functional Programming Approach teaches the skills needed to master this essential subject. The authors challenge more traditional methods of teaching algorithms by using a functional programming context, with Haskell as the implementation language. This leads to smaller, clearer and more elegant programs which enable the programmer to understand the algorithm itself more quickly and to use that understanding to explore alternative solutions. Placing the emphasis on program development rather than the mathematical properties of algorithms, the book uses a succession of practical programming examples to develop in the reader problem-solving skills which can be easily transferred to other language paradigms. Key features of this innovative text include: Unmatched collection of functional programming algorithms A wealth of practical examples, bringing the algorithms into clear focus End of chapter exercises throughout Source code and selected solutions freely available online Comprehensive index and bibliographical notes Appendices on Haskell implementations and mathematical background For computer science students taking algorithms and/or functional programming courses, Algorithms: A Functional Programming Approach represents the ideal textbook. It is also an invaluable reference source of functional programs for practitioners.
Simulation Methods for Inductively Coupled Sensor Systems in Varying Environments

Sensor transponders working with inductive coupling are used increasingly in medicine and industry. In particular, applications in metallic environments are of interest. A new model approach is presented considering influences of varying environments. The aim is to optimize mobile devices for read-out wireless sensors. Based on outcomes of the new simulation approach, smart techniques and algorithms for optimal energy transfer and signal detection can be developed. Keywords — Simulation; RFID tags; Wireless communication; Sensor systems; Inductive power transmission; Eddy currents
Cooperation, social selection, and language change: an experimental investigation of language divergence

In this thesis, I use an experimental model to investigate the role of social pressures in stimulating language divergence. Research into the evolution of cooperation has emphasised the usefulness of ingroup markers for swiftly identifying outsiders, who pose a threat to cooperative networks. Mechanisms for avoiding cheats and freeriders, which tend to rely on reputation, or on (explicit and implicit) contracts between individuals, are considerably less effective against short-term visitors. Outsiders, moreover, may behave according to different social norms, which may adversely affect cooperative interactions with them. There are many sources of markers by which insiders and outsiders can be distinguished, but language is a particularly impressive one. If human beings exploit linguistic variation for this purpose, we might expect the exploitation to have an influence on the cultural evolution of language, and to be involved in language divergence, since it introduces a selective pressure, by which linguistic variants are selected on the basis of their social significance. However, there is also a neutral, mechanistic model of dialect formation that relies on unconscious accommodation between interlocutors, coupled with variation in the frequency of interaction, to account for divergence. In studies of real-world communities, these factors are difficult to tease apart. The model described in this thesis put real speakers in the artificial environment of a computer game. A game consisted of a series of rounds in which players were paired up with each other in a pseudo-random order. During a round, pairs of players exchanged typed messages in a highly restricted artificial “alien language”. Each player began the game with a certain number of points, distributed between various resources, and the purpose of sending messages was to negotiate to exchange these resources. Any points given away were worth double to the receiver, so, by exchanging resources, players could accumulate points for their team. However, the pairings were anonymous: until the end of a round, players were not told who they had been paired with. This basic paradigm allowed the investigation of the major factors influencing language divergence, as well as the small-scale individual strategies that contribute to it. Two major factors were manipulated: frequency of interaction and competitiveness. In one condition, all players in a game were working together; in another
Ein interaktiver Ansatz zur visuellen Analyse von Trajektorien basierend auf einem Partition-and-Group Clustering Framework

Seit Bewegungen uber GPS-Sensoren besser erfasst werden konnen, steigt die Menge an verfugbaren Bewegungsdaten rapide an. Diese konnen potentiell viele Verhaltensmuster aufweisen, welche wertvolle Erkenntnisse zur Erforschung oder zum Schutz der sich bewegenden Objekte liefern. Um diese Muster zu erkennen, mussen die unstrukturierten Daten verarbeitet und anschliesend passend visualisiert werden. Das ermoglicht hinterher die Analyse der Muster. Die Transparenz des Prozesses und die Unterstutzung des Nutzers bei der Analyse sollen dabei gewahrleistet werden, weshalb die Moglichkeiten der Interaktion eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Bisher beschranken sich diese interaktiven Moglichkeiten bei der Auswertung von Bewegungsdaten auf ein Minimum und werden meist nur zur Exploration von Verarbeitungsergebnissen genutzt. In dieser Arbeit wird deshalb ein System entwickelt, welches automatische Datenverarbeitung, durch interaktive Methoden, fest mit der Visualisierung verknupft, um die Interaktions- und Analysemoglichkeiten zu verbessern. Dafur werden eine Partitionierungsmethode, ein Cluster-Algorithmus und ein einstellbares Distanzmas uber eine durchgangige, interaktive Visualisierung vereint. Dadurch soll Analysten das Verstehen und Steuern der Musterextraktion ermoglicht und die abschliesende Analyse der Muster erleichtert werden. Um aufzuzeigen, was diesen Ansatz von bisherigen unterscheidet, werden die genutzten Komponenten im Detail erklart, Neuerungen vorgestellt und auf Vor- und Nachteile eingegangen. Since movements can be tracked easier by the help of GPS-sensors, the quantity of movement data rises rapidly. These can potentially exhibit many behavioural patterns which provide valuable insights for investigation or protection of moving objects. In order to find such patterns, the unstructered data must be processed and visualised. This enables their following analysis. To increase the transparency of this process and to support the user in the analysis, the opportunities of interaction are an important issue. So far, interactive actions for the visual analysis of movement data are pared down to a minimum and are used only for the exploration of the results of the processing. That is why, in this thesis, we develop a framework which firmly connects automatic data processing through interactive methods with visualisation in order to improve the capabilities of analysis and interaction. Therefore, a partition method, a cluster algorithm, and an adjustable distance function are combined by a continuous interactive visualisation in order to support analysts towards the understanding and directing of the extraction of patterns and the concluding analysis. To show what makes this approach distinguishable from existing approaches, the utilised components will be explained in detail, innovations will be illustrated, and advantages and disadvantages will be explained.
ACT++: Building a Concurrent C++ with Actors

ACT++ (Actors in C++) is a concurrent object-oriented language being designed for distributed real-time applications. The language is a hybrid of the actor kernel language and the object-oriented language C++. The concurrency abstraction of ACT++ is derived from the actor model as defined by Agha. This paper discusses our experience in building a concurrent extension of C++ with the concurrency abstraction of the actor model. The current design of ACT++ and its implementation are described. Some problems found in the Agha''s actor model are discussed in the context of distributed real-time applications. The use of ACT++ disclosed the difficulty of combining the actor model of concurrency with class inheritance in an object-oriented language.
The first-year experience in American higher education : an annotated bibliography

IR&E Report to the Main Street Explorations Subcommittee, “College Experience, College Outcomes, and Life After College,” 12/22/10 http://www.stolaf. edu/offices/ir-e/private/topics/MainStreetExplorations.pdf The Main Street Project: Research Analysis of Alumni Survey, Alumni & Parent Relations Office, 12/16/10 Recent Graduates: Class of 2009 Summary by Major, IR&E Reports http://www.stolaf. edu/offices/ir/alumni/RG2009-by-major.pdf The Quality Imperative: Match Ambitious Goals for College Attainment with an Ambitious Vision for Learning,” A Statement from the Board of Directors of the Association of American Colleges and Universities, 2010 http://www.aacu. org/about/statements/documents/Quality_Imperative_2010. pdf
Prospective teachers’ information and communication technology metaphors

Determination of the perceptions of the prospective teachers for the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) terms have a remarkable potential to provide input for technology integration plans and ICT trainings. Within this context, the purpose of this study is to discover the metaphors constructed by prospective teachers for the ICT terms. Data were gathered from 180 prospective teachers through survey. 977 valid metaphors constructed by the participants were grouped into conceptual categories for the six ICT terms. The most common conceptual categories are “developing and changing” for technology, “making life easy” for computers and search engines, “limitless and endless” for the Internet, “means of communication” for social networks, and “addictive items” for video games. Future research should concentrate on investigating the match and mismatches between intended use of the ICT tools and the perception of the prospective teachers.
A Cross-layer QoS-Supporting Framework for Multimedia Delivery over Wireless Internet

This paper presents a framework, which provides QoS (Quality of Service) support, for multimedia delivery over wireless Internet with cross-layer architecture. In this framework, we address the important issues for multiple media, such as audio, video, email, and web traffic, transmitted over wireless Internet. In order to have efficient QoS support for different types of media, we propose a cross-layer architecture combining the application-level, transport-layer, and link-layer controls. Specifically, dynamical estimation of the varying channel, adaptive application and link-level error control, efficient congestion control, header compression, adaptive scheduling, as well as the QoS-adaptive proxy caching are explicitly discussed in this architecture.
A Robust Pair-wise Key Agreement Scheme based on Multi-hop Clustering Sensor Network Environments

In this paper, we proposed a scheme that it safely exchanges encrypted keys without Trust Third Party (TTP) and Pre-distributing keys in multi-hop clustering sensor networks. Existing research assume that it exists a TTP or already it was pre-distributed a encrypted key between nodes. However, existing methods are not sufficient for USN environment without infrastructure. Some existing studies using a random number Diffie-Hellman algorithm to solve the problem. but the method was vulnerable to Replay and Man-in-the-middle attack from the malicious nodes. Therefore, authentication problem between nodes is solved by adding a ��TESLA. In this paper, we propose a modified Diffie-Hellman algorithm that it is safe, lightweight, and robust pair-wise agreement algorithm by adding One Time Password (OTP) with timestamp. Lastly, authentication, confidentiality, integrity, non-impersonation, backward secrecy, and forward secrecy to verify that it is safe.
AspectC++: an aspect-oriented extension to the C++ programming language

Small embedded systems are forced to operate under extreme resource constraints. At the same time these systems are very complex and many concerns in the implementation of such systems are of highly crosscutting nature. The concept of aspect orientation can be applied to allow a modular implementation of these concerns. With AspectJ the first complete and powerful language extension for aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has been created. However, the costs of the Java run-time environment are not feasible for most embedded applications.This paper presents AspectC++ (Gal & Spinczyk 2001), a new language extension to C/C++ that provides powerful language elements to facilitate aspect-oriented programming even in domains with tight resource limitations.
Adaptive fuzzy logic controller for FES-computer simulation study

An adaptive fuzzy logic controller (FLC), based on a trainable network structure, is designed for functional electrical stimulation (FES) control. A prior expert knowledge can be incorporated as fuzzy IF-THEN rules. An online reinforcement learning algorithm is employed for learning optimal control rules or fine-tuning the existing control rules. This adaptive FLC is applied to a computer model of swing leg and demonstrates its on-line learning ability. <<ETX>>
An Introduction To Computer Science Using Java

From the Publisher: An Introduction to Computer Science Using Java by Kamin and Mickunas is designed for a CS1/Intro to Programming course in which java is used. The authors emphasize the process of programming,which teaches students how to develop correct,efficient,well-structed and stylish programs. In this new edition,the authors put more emphasis on object-oriented programming,greatly expanding their coverage and using a more graphical approach. At the same time,the text has retained its coverage of the traditionally fundamental computer science topics such as the development of correct programs,iteration,arrays,recursion,and algorithm analysis. This blend prepares students to become sophisticated computer programmers,not simply JAVA programmers. One of the unique aspects of the text are the debugging sections. In appropriate places throughout the text,the authors provide students with information on how to debug their programs. In addition,there are such pedagogical aids as "Bug Alerts" and a wide range of exercises,including new quick review exercises throughout the chapter.
Pragmatics and Language Teaching: Bringing Pragmatics and Pedagogy Together.

Discussion of the role of pragmatics research in language teaching looks at the role such research should play in the language classroom, and the role of researcher, teacher, and teacher educator in making that connection. It is noted that pragmatics research has discovered a number of differences in the ways in which firstand second-language learners acquire the target language: differences in speech acts used, in forms of speech acts, in choice of semantic formulas, and in the content of semantic formulas. Research has also revealed the importance of input and its sources, and cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics research has begun to help in development of pedagogically appropriate materials. It is argued that a speech act framework is useful for translating pragmatics research into classroom practice that helps learners attend to interactions and reactions and consider the effects of one choice of words over another. Learner-centered teaching methods are viewed as useful in this effort. Suggestions are offered on the selection of speech acts on which to focus in the second language classroom and techniques for presenting new speech act information, drawing on results of research. Contains 44 references. (MSE) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Een statistische methode voor stijlonderzoek. Vorm - inhoud correspondenties in Vondels 'Jeptha'?

S A M E N V A T T I N G Deze bijdrage bevat een nieuwe, statistische methode voor stilistische analyse van toneelstukken uit de 16de en 17de eeuw. Ons eerste doel is, de beschrijving van lengteverschillen in samenhangende woordreeksen, die tot dezelfde hoofdof (eventueel beknopte) bijzin behoren (‘perceptieve continua’) en de percentages van enjambementen in statistische gecategoriseerde clausen. Ons tweede doel is de uitkomst van dit onderzoek te relateren aan geestesgesteldheden van de personages bij het spreken van de claus.
Constraint processing in our extensible language for cooperative imaging system

The extensible WELL (Window-based elaboration language) has been developed using the concept of common platform, where both client and server can communicate with each other with support from a communication manager. This extensible language is based on an object oriented design by introducing constraint processing. Any kind of services including imaging in the extensible language is controlled by the constraints. Interactive functions between client and server are extended by introducing agent functions including a request-respond relation. Necessary service integrations are satisfied with some cooperative processes using constraints. Constraints are treated similarly to data, because the system should have flexibilities in the execution of many kinds of services. The similar control process is defined by using intentional logic. There are two kinds of constraints, temporal and modal constraints. Rendering the constraints, the predicate format as the relation between attribute values can be a warrant for entities' validity as data. As an imaging example, a processing procedure of interaction between multiple objects is shown as an image application for the extensible system. This paper describes how the procedure proceeds in the system, and that how the constraints work for generating moving pictures.
P‐45: A 2.4Gbps Receiver with Bang‐Bang CDR for High Speed Intra‐Panel Interface

A Receiver incorporating bang‐bang (binary) CDR for high speed intra panel interface is proposed. The proposed Receiver adopting Phase Locked Loop (PLL) based CDR provides high speed data rate by a bang‐bang Phase Detector and Current Mode Logic (CML). Also it provides low EMI for LCD system by embedding the clock signal without explicit clock lines and scrambling active data. The results are validated on a 55‐inch full‐HD (1920×1080) TFT‐LCD panel with the 8‐bit RGB and 120Hz driving technology. Maximum data rate is measured as higher than 2.4Gbps.
A Real-Time Flash Memory Storage System in Embedded Environment

Recently, flash memory is becoming a popular data storage device in most of the electronic consumer devices. It has lots of attractive features such as small size and light weight nature, zero noise, solid-state reliability, low power consumption, and better shock resistant. To make it suitable for real-time embedded applications, this paper presents the design of an object based file system that uses parallel operations to guarantee bounded read-write access latencies to real-time tasks, in the presence of requests from non real-time tasks. The proposed scheme requires minimal support from the underlying operating system.
Trust and Clinical Information Systems

The utilization of information and communication technologies in almost all spheres of modern society has changed the social picture in significant ways while simultaneously leading to tensions with regard to traditional ethical and legal practices—particularly given the global context of its application. Where these technologies impact on the practice and implementation of healthcare, it is vital to recognize the extent and nature of the ethical and social impact both at the level of professional practice and the patient. Ethical, Legal and Social Issues in Medical Informatics presents a fundamental compendium of research on the ethical, social, and legal issues facing the healthcare industry as it adopts information technologies to provide fast, efficient, and cost effective healthcare. An essential resource for every reference library, this comprehensive book offers a multidisciplinary perspective, drawing from the expertise of a wide variety of global industries including law, ethics, medicine, philosophy, and computer science. [Book Synopsis]