Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Research for the Antioxidant Activity of Blueberry (Vaccinum myrtillus) Wine

Blueberry is one of the highest activity fruit which grown in our country. It has also great antioxidant capacity. Blueberry is also used for wine making. In this study we investigated alcohol amount, total acidity, reducing sugar, total phenolic content and anthocyanine changes as weekly periods during fermentation in blueberry wine produced by the classical maceration method. It is also performed some antioxidant tests; 2,2-diphenyl-1dipicyrdyl hidrazil DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power in the final product. Alcohol amount is determined as 12% for final product. Total acidity amount of wine decreased from 11.6 g L-1 to 8.7 g L-1during fermentation and anthocyanine content decreased to 15 mg L-1. Total phenolic content is measured as 199.49 mg L-1. % DPPH Radical scavenging activity and reducing power was found as 52.5% and 0.170, respectively.
The Burden of Self-Reported Rhinitis and Associated Risk for Exacerbations with Moderate-Severe Asthma in Primary Care Patients

Purpose There is a dearth of research regarding the prevalence and nature of patient-reported rhinitis and its relationship with risk of asthma exacerbations. The aim of this study was to (i) determine the prevalence, severity and treatment of self-reported rhinitis symptoms among adults aged ≥18 years with asthma treated at Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Step 3 and above and (ii) compare the demographics, clinical characteristics, medication use, side-effects and healthcare practitioner review between patients who report rhinitis symptoms and those who do not and (iii) determine whether patient-reported rhinitis is associated with risk of asthma exacerbations in the total patient sample. Patients and Methods This analysis used data from the iHARP (Initiative Helping Asthma in Real-life Patients) asthma review service – a cross-sectional observational study (2011 and 2014) in seven countries that captured data on patient demographics, rhinitis symptoms, asthma symptoms, indicators of exacerbations, medication use, oropharyngeal effects and side-effects, using practitioner- and patient-reported questionnaires. Comparisons between patients with and without rhinitis were tested. Univariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with risk of exacerbations for entry into multivariable logistic regression. Results This report contains data from 4274 patients: 67.4% (2881/4274) reported rhinitis symptoms and of which 65.7% (1894/2881) had not received a doctor diagnosis; 36.5% (1052/2881) had moderate-severe rhinitis, 12.4% (358/2881) had used intranasal corticosteroids and 19.8% (569/2881) oral antihistamines. Patients with coexisting moderate-severe rhinitis were more likely to have GINA-defined uncontrolled asthma than those with mild rhinitis or no rhinitis. Moderate-severe rhinitis was associated with 40% increased risk of asthma exacerbations (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.90). Conclusion This study identified a major gap in the diagnosis and management of rhinitis in a cohort of people with asthma treated at GINA Step 3 and above who are managed in general practice. It highlights the need for practitioners to identify, evaluate and optimally treat rhinitis in adults with asthma, which is a significant factor associated with exacerbation risk.
Toxic effects of butylated hydroxytoluene in rats

Article history: Received December 26, 2019 Accepted March 17, 2020 Available online November 1, 2020 This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity in rats of heated and un heatedbutylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Sunflower oil dissolved BHT, heated at 98±2oC by a water bath. The animals were divided into five groups. The control group dosage orally with sunflower oil, the first group treated with 250 mg/kg BHT, the second group treated with 250 mg/kg heated, BHT the third group treated with 500 mg/kg BHT and the fourth group treated with 500 mg/kg heated BHT. All groups received oral treatment. The results showed a substantial reduction in motor activity relative to other groups at a dose of 250 mg/kg heated BHT. There was a substantial distinction in the negative geotaxis test in groups of 500 mg/kg heated and un-heated BHT, while a cliff avoidance test in the heat treated dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg was observed in the cliff avoidance test compared to other groups. A significant reduction occurred in all groups in the pocketing and dorsal tonic immobility test. The pathological changes of heated BHT groups were more severe than those of un-heated BHT groups especially the dose of 500 mg/kg heated BHT. It represented by coagulative necrosis, muscle atrophy in heart, interstitial pneumonia, serofibrinous exudate, pulmonary emphysema in lung and neuronal degeneration, microgliosis, myelin vacuolation and satellitosis in the brain. The study concluded that heated BHT at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg had toxic effects to motor and neurobehavioral activity, and histopathological changes in the brain, heart, and lung.
A Comparative Analysis on SARS, MERS and COVID-19

Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu 2 (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19), simdiden olmasa da yuzyilin pandemisi olma yolunda ilerliyor. Bir koronavirus olarak, ozellikle bagisiklik sistemi zayiflamis olanlar icin ciddi solunum yolu hastaligina neden oldugu bilinmektedir. Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu (SARS-CoV) ve Orta Dogu Solunum Sendromu (MERS-CoV), bircok ulkede binlerce kisiyi enfekte eden gecmis koronaviruslerin en dikkate deger olanlaridir. Uc virus de zoonotik bir kokene sahip, agirlikli olarak koronavirusun dogal rezervuar konaklarindan biri olan yarasalardan gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu makalenin amaci, uc koronavirusun de niteliklerini ve ozelliklerini karsilastirmaktir. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV ve COVID-19, benzer siniflandirmalarindan dolayi bircok viral benzerligi paylasirken, genetik olarak yakindan iliskili degillerdir. COVID-19, genomunun yaklasik% 79'unu SARS-COV ile ve sadece yaklasik% 50'sini MERS-CoV ile paylasir. SARS-CoV ve SARS-CoV-2 arasindaki en onemli genetik benzerliklerden biri, paylasilan reseptor proteinleri ACE2'dir. Her uc virus de ayni baskin insandan insana bulasma modunu paylassa da, solunum damlaciklari, SARS-CoV-2 diger ikisinden cok daha yuksek bir enfeksiyon oranina sahiptir. Aerosol ve asimptotik iletim, COVID-19'un patlayici bulasiciligi icin onde gelen bir faktor olabilir. Şu anda, sosyal mesafe, etkili bir asi gelistirilinceye kadar COVID-19 ile mucadele icin tek etkili onleyici stratejidir. Bir nukleotid analog ilac olan Remdesivir, hastalar icin iyilesme suresini kisaltmada pozitiflik gosteriyor. Nekahet plazma tedavisi tedavisi de bazi kritik hastalarda umit verici bir iyilesme gostermistir.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Characteristics of Combination ( Cassia fistula and Ocimum basilicum ) Extract as Natural Preservative to Control & Prevent Food Contamination

Objectives: Cassia fistula and Ocimum basilicum which are assumed to contain the active components and which are renewable source in fighting infections of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory properties of Cassia fistula and Ocimum basilicum and their mix. Methods and Materials: Cassia fistula and Ocimum basilicum exhibited antimicrobial activity against all of the tested bacteria and yeasts except for Asperigillus spp. that showed high resistance. Results and Discussion: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for bacteria and yeast ranged from 3.1 to 6.2 mg/ mL. The antioxidant activity of the Cassia fistula and Ocimum basilicum was evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging assay. In addition, the amount of total phenolic content (TPC) of Cassia fistula, Ocimum basilicum and their mix was 64.71, 96.42 and 113.07 mg/g, while total flavonoids content was 16.33, 32.66 and 79 mg/g respectively. Vanillin, quercetin and cinnamic acid marked the phenolic profile of the mix. Cytotoxicity results indicated high safety use of the two plants. Conclusion: Our data confirmed convenient and safe use of C. fistula, O. basilicum and their mix as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant. The mix of both extracts can be recommended as natural preservative to be used in food processing to control and prevent food contamination.
Processing of Functional Composite Resins Using Deep Eutectic Solvent

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)—a promising class of alternatives to conventional ionic liquids (ILs) that have freezing points lower than the individual components—are typically formed from two or more components through hydrogen bond interactions. Due to the remarkable advantages of biocompatibility, economical feasibility and environmental hospitality, DESs show great potentials for green production and manufacturing. In terms of the processing of functional composite resins, DESs have been applied for property modifications, recyclability enhancement and functionality endowment. In this review, the applications of DESs in the processing of multiple functional composite resins such as epoxy, phenolic, acrylic, polyester and imprinted resins, are covered. Functional composite resins processed with DESs have attracted much attention of researchers in both academic and industrial communities. The tailored properties of DESs for the design of functional composite resins—as well as the effects of hydrogen bond on the current polymeric systems—are highlighted. In addition to the review of current works, the future perspectives of applying DESs in the processing of functional composite resins are also presented.
The using of Gammarus pulex as a biomonitor in ecological risk assessment of secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tunceli, Turkey

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research are the assessment of secondary effluents (SEs) quality by evaluating chemical parameters and biomarkers. For this purpose, MDA and GSH levels were determined by spectrofotometer. SOD, CAT, and GPX activities were determined by using ELISA kit in the groups of control and the groups exposed to SE. The level of MDA and the activities of SOD in Gammarus pulex vary depending on the exposure time. GSH levels and GSH-PX activities increased in G. pulex exposed to the effluent compared to the control during 24 h and 96 h. CAT activities were in SE group were found lower than the control in G. pulex during 24 h and 96 h. Current experimental results show that SOD, CAT, GPX activities, and GSH and MDA levels in G. pulex are sensitive and appropriate responses for assess the effects of anthropogenic contaminants on the aquatic ecosystems, particularly effluent complex mixtures.
Periodontal Bacteria Influence Inflammasome Activation and Cytokine Secretion During Oral Infection

Author(s): Johnson, Larry | Advisor(s): Ojcius, David M. | Abstract: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, have been identified as major contributing pathogens in the etiology of mild to acute periodontitis. They are opportunistic pathogens that are highly adapted to colonize the oral epithelial tissues. P. gingivalis has also been associated with a variety of other chronic and inflammatory conditions including orodigestive cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease, and diabetes. Whereas, F. nucleatum has been linked to Lemierre’s syndrome and skin ulcers. Recognition and clearance of these pathogens are regulated by inflammation and host immune response. We aimed to study the mechanisms and inflammatory responses (focusing on the effect with intracellular complexes known as inflammasomes) used by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum to survive and persist during infection in gingival epithelial cells (GECs). Our findings indicate P. gingivalis infection inhibits inflammasome activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by secretion of nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDK) to hydrolyze extracellular ATP. By defining NDK as a key enzyme for influencing inflammation in P. gingivalis infection, therapeutic methods can be designed to possibly target NDK to prevent and treat periodontitis. On the other hand, GECs infected with F. nucleatum induce an opposite immune response of upregulated cytokine production and release as a result of inflammasome activation. In vivo studies with BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice also show pro-inflammatory response during infection. Our findings can be used as a model of invasion during F. nucleatum infection in vitro and in vivo. Expanding our understanding of host response to pathogenic bacteria is important for limiting progression of periodontitis and other emerging systematic disease linked to these bacteria.
Hemolytic Activity in the Euryhaline Fish-Killing Phytoflagellate Prymnesium parvum under Environmental Stresses

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are vast expanses of noxious or toxic phytoplankton that periodically dominate coastal ocean waters or freshwater systems. An especially damaging type of HAB are the species that kill fish. In this thesis, a potentially invasive marine fish-killing flagellate, Prymnesium parvum, was investigated for its tolerance to freshwater conditions. This species has invaded some freshwater systems in the southern United States. The thesis examines if the growth rate and toxicity of Prymnesium parvum remain high under low salinities similar to freshwater systems. A hemolytic lysis assay was used as a proxy for toxicity. The findings presented here indicate that the three Prymnesium parvum isolates shared a similar growth and toxicity response, regardless of origin. All isolates could grow well at low salinities and all retain their toxicity. Findings from this thesis indicate that should this species “invade” and establish itself in the Great Lakes, it could thrive and exhibit a toxic phenotype.
Effect of balanced supplementary feeding in winter on qualitative and quantitative changes in the population of microbes colonizing the rumen of red deer

Ruminants are a group of animals characterized by a unique way of processing and assimilating food. Proper functioning of the digestive tract of ruminants is closely linked to the abundance and composition of the microbiota in the forestomach, which is a complex ecosystem comprising a vast diversity of bacteria, protozoa and fungi (6). Microorganisms making up the microflora of the rumen, and in particular the interactions between them and physiological processes in the body, directly affect the animal’s physical condition and state of health (3, 9, 17, 28). However, our knowledge of the rich diversity of microbial species in the rumen and our 1) Study financed by the General Directorate of the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland (ZKE-U-6). Effect of balanced supplementary feeding in winter on qualitative and quantitative changes in the population of microbes colonizing the rumen of red deer1)
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,1′-bis{[4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl}ferrocene, and its complexation with CuI

The ferrocene-bridged compound 1,1′-bis(pyridyltriazoylmethyl)ferrocene acquires an anti conformation in its solid state but forms a discrete tetranuclear [2 + 2] complex with [Cu(CH3CN)4](PF6) in solution.
Review on the state‐of‐the‐art multi‐objective optimisation of hybrid standalone/grid‐connected energy systems

Integration of renewable and energy storage components in standalone/grid-connected energy systems, which results in hybrid energy systems, is increasing nowadays. Optimisation of hybrid energy systems is an essential matter for economic, clean, convenient and reliable energy supply. Since the optimal design should satisfy multiple objectives, application of multi-objective optimisation is preferred rather than a single-objective solution. By multi-objective optimisation, a trade-off among different objectives can be obtained. This study presents a timely survey on the state-of-the-art in multi-objective optimal design of hybrid standalone/grid-connected energy systems. The existing literature is categorised by various indices: (i) standalone or grid-connected mode; (ii) number and type of objective functions; (iii) completely renewable-based or diesel-renewable-based hybrid systems; and (iv) multi-energy systems. The applied objective functions, design constraints and decision variables in the optimisation of hybrid energy systems are addressed. It is found that the recent objective functions like customer satisfaction and grid-dependency need further investigation in the multi-objective design procedure.
High Impact Extension Programming with Instagram

The social media service Instagram is a popular public platform, but often underused tool to reach new demographics, reduce barriers, and perpetuate science-based information in extension. In the U.S. Intermountain West, Instagram was the top-rated platform for sharing information by predominantly new and female farmers. This article provides recommendations on key behaviors, goal setting, and quantifying impact on Instagram for extension programming. Accounts should target one niche or market, a consistent and personal voice, and regular communication (new content at least three times weekly). Unique and productive connections between extension personnel, community leaders, farmers, students, and public influencers expands programming. Tracking program accounts, including the number of followers and engagement rates, can assess program impacts and target market needs.
Individuals with clinically relevant autistic traits tend to have an eye for detail

Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis are often described as having an ‘eye for detail’1. This observation, and the finding that individuals with ASD tend to ‘see the trees before the forest’ when performing the Navon task2, has led to the proposal that ASD is characterized by a bias towards processing local image details3. However, it remains to be shown that natural image recognition in individuals with autism depends more on fine image detail. Here, we resolve this issue by showing that natural image recognition relies more on details in individuals with an above-median number of autistic traits. Furthermore, we found that reliance on details was best predicted by the presence of the most clinically relevant autistic traits. Therefore, our findings raise the possibility that a wide range of real-life abilities and difficulties associated with ASD are related to an enhanced reliance on visual details.
On Goals of Language Education and Teacher Diversity: Beliefs and Experiences of Japanese-Language Educators in North America

This article reports the results of the online survey on Japanese-language educators’ beliefs and experiences concerning their profession that we conducted in the fall of 2018. A total of 355 teachers in North America responded to the survey. The responses were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data suggest that the survey respondents almost unanimously agreed on the importance of global and translingual/transcultural competence as a crucial goal for JFL education. However, the items concerning the legitimacy of language varieties (e.g., standard vs. regional dialects), the importance of accuracy (e.g., grammar, pronunciation), and the views on Japanese culture (e.g., emphasis on uniqueness) received rather conflicting responses from the participants. Moreover, qualitative comments brought up the issues of native-speakerism, nihonjinron , and heteronormativity ideologies as prevailing in JFL education. In short, the results illuminate both converging and diverging perspectives of the survey participants and contradictions or dilemmas between aspirational ideals and mundane practices.
Effects of irradiance on growth and morphophysiology in Catalpa bungei plantlets

With the aim of examining the effect of irradiance on growth and morphophysiology in Catalpa bungei, and its acclimation strategy to different shade intensity treatments, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the growth, morphological, and physiological parameters of C. bungei clone 008-1 plantlets under high (HI), medium (MI), and low (LI) irradiance levels, i.e. at approximately 80, 50, and 30% of full sunlight, respectively. Irradiance provoked significant and varied changes in phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) values for growth (ca. 0.44), morphology (ca. 0.37), and physiology (ca. 0.28). Shade treatments (MI and HI) reduced growth, biomass yield, crown leaf area per plant, expansion rate of newly emerged leaves and their size at the end of expansion (length, width, and area), specific leaf weight, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, and δC values, whereas specific leaf area (SLA), leaf chlorophyll concentration, and leaf nitrogen (N) concentration were greatly decreased. MI did not affect maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) values; however, LI induced a significant decrease in Fv/Fm. Shaded plantlets generally had higher or similar non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations than HI plantlets. Overall, growth traits linearly decreased with decreasing irradiance, but morphological and physiological traits exhibited different dynamic trends. Our results showed that C. bungei coped with shade through morphophysiological adjustments, i.e. increasing SLA, leaf chlorophyll content, and NSC reserves; however, shade (ca. 30–50% full sunlight) still induced a significant reduction in plantlet growth due to photosynthesis restriction (MI: stomatal closure; LI: stomatal closure and lower photosystem II efficiency) and changes in NSC allocation strategy, preferring to maintain metabolism and survival rather than growth investment.
Scaling up microalgal cultures to commercial scale

ABSTRACT Scaling up algal cultures to the very large volumes required for commercial production is a complex task and requires skilled and experienced personnel. First it is necessary to consider how to optimize the process of producing enough inoculum for the large ponds or photobioreactors in order to minimize the time and cost required. In order to minimize the need for re-inoculation from stock cultures it is also essential to manage the large-scale cultures to avoid significant contamination or collapse. The maintenance of long-term, stable, high-productivity, large-scale cultures, usually under prevailing outdoor conditions of variable irradiance, temperature and rainfall, presents additional challenges most of which are not seen in the constant environment experienced by small-scale laboratory cultures. Methods and protocols to deal with these can only be developed at the large-scale and they will mostly be specific for the alga being cultured, the culture system being used and the location of the production plant. A common feature of all large-scale operations known to us is that, over time (years), both productivity and reliability of the cultures improve as the operators gather experience in managing their cultures.