Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diploid Clone Produces Unreduced Diploid Gametes but Tetraploid Clone Generates Reduced Diploid Gametes in the Misgurnus Loach1

ABSTRACT Most individuals of the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus reproduce bisexually, but cryptic clonal lineages reproduce by natural gynogenesis of unreduced diploid eggs that are genetically identical to maternal somatic cells. Triploid progeny often occur by the accidental incorporation of a sperm nucleus into diploid eggs. Sex reversal from a genetic female to a physiological male is easily induced in this species by androgen treatment and through environmental influences. Here, we produced clonal tetraploid individuals by two methods: 1) fertilization of diploid eggs from a clonal diploid female with diploid sperm of a hormonally sex-reversed clonal diploid male and 2) artificial inhibition of the release of the second polar body in eggs of clonal diploid females just after initiation of gynogenetic development. There is no genetic difference between the clonal diploid and tetraploid individuals except for the number of chromosome sets or genomes. Clonal tetraploid males never produced unreduced tetraploid sperm, only diploid sperm that were genetically identical to those of a clonal diploid. Likewise, clonal tetraploid females did not form unreduced tetraploid eggs, just diploid eggs. However, the eggs' genotypes were identical to those of the original clone, and almost all the eggs initiated natural gynogenesis. Thus, gametogenesis of the clonal tetraploid loach is controlled by the presence of two chromosome sets to pair, thereby preserving the normal meiotic process, i.e., the formation of bivalents and subsequently two successive divisions.
Smart CMOS sensors with integrated magnetic concentrators

The combination of integrated magnetic concentrators (IMC) and modern CMOS Hall sensor technology extends the frontiers of magnetic sensing to new dimensions. Single-axis sensors are turned into multi-axis sensors while signal quality and resolution are enhanced by up to one order of magnitude. Integrated Magnetic Concentrators have a deep impact on sensor system design. On one hand, the material properties of the added magnetic layer and the tolerances arising from its deposition and structuring have to be taken into account. On the other hand multi-axis sensors offer the possibility to work with ratios of magnetic field components rather than with a single field component. This results in ageing and drift effects of sensor and magnet being virtually eliminated
Längerfristige Veränderungen im Bildungswesen : Stufen eines Entwicklungsprozesses von Klassenauseinandersetzungen?

Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Fischer-Kowalski, M. (1981). Längerfristige Veränderungen im Bildungswesen: Stufen eines Entwicklungsprozesses von Klassenauseinandersetzungen? In J. Matthes (Hrsg.), Lebenswelt und soziale Probleme: Verhandlungen des 20. Deutschen Soziologentages zu Bremen 1980 (S. 521-536). Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verl. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-188379
Numerical analysis of a network evolution model

In this paper we introduce a new network evolution model. The basic feature of the model is the cooperation (interaction) of N nodes. In our model every step m new nodes are born, where m is a discrete random variable with values 0,1, 2,…, N − 1. Then the m new nodes interact with (N − m) old vertices, so that they form a complete graph on N vertices. The old nodes can be chosen either uniformly or by using the preferential attachment rule. We analyze certain properties of the above mentioned model by computer simulations. Power-law degree and weight distributions and clustering coefficients are studied.
Virulence markers of mesophilic aeromonads: association of the autoagglutination phenomenon with mouse pathogenicity and the presence of a peripheral cell-associated layer

Autoagglutination (AA phenotype) of mesophilic aeromonads in broth was found to be a virulence-associated marker. There were two kinds of AA+ strains: those that spontaneously pelleted (SP+), and those that pelleted only after boiling (PAB+). Of 79 strains tested, 24 (30%) were AA+, and 18 of these were recovered from clinical specimens. Most of the AA+ strains (n = 21) were identified as either Aeromonas sobria or Aeromonas hydrophila. Of the well-documented clinical isolates of A. sobria and A. hydrophila available, 5 (46%) of 11 from invasive disease and 4 (14%) of 29 from noninvasive disease were SP- PAB+. The SP- PAB+ phenotype was significantly associated with invasive infections (e.g., bacteremia and peritonitis [chi 2, P less than 0.05]). All seven of the SP- PAB+ A. sobria and A. hydrophila strains tested killed mice within 48 h after intraperitoneal infection with 1 x 10(7) to 3 x 10(7) CFU, whereas only two of four SP+ PAB+ strains tested were lethal. All of the SP- PAB+ A. sobria and A. hydrophila isolates examined shared common O somatic antigens and possessed an external layer peripheral to the cell wall as determined by thin-section electron micrography. The LL1 strain of A. hydrophila used by Dooley et al. (J. S. G. Dooley, R. Lallier, and T. J. Trust, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 12:339-344, 1986) to demonstrate an S membrane protein component in aeromonads virulent for fish also was SP- PAB+ and possessed the peripheral membrane, suggesting an association between these two components. Seven AA- and three SP+ strains tested lacked this layer; furthermore, 22 (71%) of 31 such isolates did not kill mice. The AA phenotype was a stable characteristic upon long-term passage of isolates in vitro. Study of SP+ and PAB+ aeromonads by surface charge and hydrophobicity analyses indicated that neither property correlated with either virulence or the presence of an external layer.
“In‐gel patch electrophoresis:” A new method for environmental DNA purification

Most of the microorganism species are largely untapped and could represent an interesting reservoir of genes useful for biotechnological applications. Unfortunately, a major difficulty associated with the methods used to isolate environmental DNA is related to the contamination of the extracted material with humic substances. These polyphenolic compounds inhibit the DNA processing reactions and severely impede cloning procedures. In this work, we describe a rapid, simple, and efficient method for the purification of genomic DNA from environmental samples: we added a chromatography step directly embedded into an agarose gel electrophoresis. This strategy enabled the DNA extraction from various environmental samples and it appeared that the purity grade was compatible with digestion by restriction enzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications.
Jagged–Delta asymmetry in Notch signaling can give rise to a Sender/Receiver hybrid phenotype

Significance Notch signaling pathway plays crucial roles in cell-fate determination during embryonic development and cancer progression. According to the current paradigm, the Notch–Delta signaling leads to complementary cell-fate selection between two neighboring cells where one acts as Sender or Receiver. However, this picture is not complete because an additional ligand, Jagged, is involved in the Notch signaling. We devise a specific theoretical framework to decipher the functional role of Jagged. We find that the asymmetry between the modulations of Delta and Jagged leads to the existence of the previously unexplored possibility of a Sender–Receiver phenotype enabling two interacting cells to share a similar fate. This realization can provide important clues regarding embryonic development, wound healing, and how to target tumor–stroma signaling. Notch signaling pathway mediates cell-fate determination during embryonic development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. This pathway is activated when the ligand Delta or the ligand Jagged of one cell interacts with the Notch receptor of its neighboring cell, releasing the Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD) that activates many downstream target genes. NICD affects ligand production asymmetrically––it represses Delta, but activates Jagged. Although the dynamical role of Notch–Jagged signaling remains elusive, it is widely recognized that Notch–Delta signaling behaves as an intercellular toggle switch, giving rise to two distinct fates that neighboring cells adopt––Sender (high ligand, low receptor) and Receiver (low ligand, high receptor). Here, we devise a specific theoretical framework that incorporates both Delta and Jagged in Notch signaling circuit to explore the functional role of Jagged in cell-fate determination. We find that the asymmetric effect of NICD renders the circuit to behave as a three-way switch, giving rise to an additional state––a hybrid Sender/Receiver (medium ligand, medium receptor). This phenotype allows neighboring cells to both send and receive signals, thereby attaining similar fates. We also show that due to the asymmetric effect of the glycosyltransferase Fringe, different outcomes are generated depending on which ligand is dominant: Delta-mediated signaling drives neighboring cells to have an opposite fate; Jagged-mediated signaling drives the cell to maintain a similar fate to that of its neighbor. We elucidate the role of Jagged in cell-fate determination and discuss its possible implications in understanding tumor–stroma cross-talk, which frequently entails Notch–Jagged communication.
Advanced dual layered encryption for block based approach to image steganography

Image steganography is a method of concealing information using an image as a medium. The most prominent approach for image steganography is the Least Significant Bit Algorithm (LSB). In this the least significant bit of all pixels of an image is used to hide information in them. The flaw of this algorithm is that it becomes very easy for an attacker to extract information from this algorithm. In that context an approach has been developed to help increase the security of the algorithm. For the proposed approach we consider the entire data to form one big block of information. The first step is to encrypt this information. This is done using the famous Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The key to encrypt this information is then hidden using the RSA algorithm. This adds an extra layer of security to the algorithm. Next the encrypted block of data is broken down to ‘n’ blocks, where ‘n’ is chosen by the user. ‘n+1’ images are then chosen at random and each block is hidden using LSB with an image. The images are sent in random. However, the sequence is stored in a hash table which is hidden in the extra image. All the ‘n+1’ images are sent, the first ‘n’ in a random order. The sequence is extracted using the hash table and then the decryption of key is first then and then the entire data.
Broadcast control of group of Markov chains

This paper addresses broadcast control for a group of Markov chains. The problem studied here is to find a controller governing multiple Markov chains by observing the group performance and sending the same signal to all the Markov chains indiscriminatingly. As a solution to the problem, we consider here integral-type broadcast controllers and provide a sufficient condition for the controller gain to stabilize the resulting broadcast control system. The result is demonstrated by numerical simulation.
Österreich und die europäische Integration

Diese Studie diskutiert wirtschaftliche und polit-okonomische Aspekte der osterreichischen EU-Mitgliedschaft. Wir geben einen Uberblick uber neuere empirische Studien, die Osterreich einen durchaus substanziellen kumulativen BIP-Zuwachs der europaischen Integration zuschreiben. Die konkrete Einschatzung der europabezogenen Wachstumsdividende hangt unter anderem von der Integrationsdefinition und dem betrachteten Zeitraum ab. Auch die Auswirkungen auf die Gesamtbeschaftigung sind positiv. Die Effekte auf die Beschaftigung osterreichischer Staatsburger(innen) konnten allerdings ebenso wenig wie Verteilungswirkungen quantifiziert werden. Es muss aber davon ausgegangen werden, dass nicht alle Osterreicher( innen) im gleichen Ausmas von der EU-Mitgliedschaft profitierten und die Mitgliedschaft fur einige Bevolkerungsgruppen auch Nachteile brachte, die wohl nicht immer vollstandig kompensiert werden konnten. Die niedrige Durchschnittsinflation von 1,8 % seit der Einfuhrung des Euro ist zumindest teilweise auf den Euro zuruckzufuhren. Die krisenbedingten Masnahmen der EU haben zudem die Stabilitat des osterreichischen Bankensystems erhoht. Der osterreichische Nettobeitrag von 0,4 % des BIP in das EU-Budget nimmt sich gegenuber den positiven Wachstumseffekten der EU-Mitgliedschaft relativ gering aus. Uber die wirtschaftliche Dimension hinaus gewinnt in unsicheren Zeiten die originare Zielsetzung eines geeinten Europas als Friedensprojekt wieder an Bedeutung. In demokratiepolitischer Hinsicht wird die EU als schrittweiser und naturgemas nicht perfekter Versuch gesehen, auf zunehmende globale Herausforderungen mit neuen kooperativen Verfahrensformen zu antworten.
Damping of Generator Oscillations Using Static VAR Compensators

The design of a novel static VAR compensator for the damping of electromechanical oscillation in a synchronous generator is presented. The proposed compensator, which is made up of a fixed capacitor and a thyristor-controlled inductor, is installed at the generator terminal to provide the required damping without deteriorating the voltage profile under disturbance conditions. In order to have better dynamic performance, a supplementary proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller of which the parameters are determined by eigenvalue assignment is incorporated in the static VAR compensators. The dynamic responses of the synchronous machine subjected to a three-phase fault are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the static VAR compensators. A comparison study of the proposed controller and a PID excitation controller is made with respect to damping enhancement and terminal voltage deviation.
CREB in adult neurogenesis – master and partner in the development of adult‐born neurons?

The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is modulated by complex stimuli and a broad range of extrinsic signals. It remains a mystery how stem cells and their progeny integrate this wealth of regulatory input to generate a precise number of neurons that matches the physiological needs of the olfactory and hippocampal network. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)‐dependent signalling is controlling essential developmental steps in adult neurogenesis, i.e. survival, maturation and integration of new neurons. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the function of CREB in adult neurogenesis and discuss the potential of CREB to integrate complex stimuli and to translate these into precise developmental processes in adult neurogenesis. The complex modulation of CREB‐signalling may allow the adult neurogenic system to respond to stimuli in a fine‐tuned rather than in an on–off fashion.
Porcine Model to Evaluate Real-Time Intraocular Pressure During Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in porcine eyes during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery using a liquid-optic interface system. Materials and methods: Femtosecond laser cataract surgery with the Catalys™ was performed on freshly enucleated porcine eyes in Oftalvist Moncloa, Madrid, Spain. Capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation were completed in all the eyes without complications. IOP was measured with a reusable blood pressure transducer connected by direct cannulation to the anterior chamber, recording data before suction (basal), at the beginning of the suction phase, every five seconds during femtosecond procedure and after the removal of the suction ring from the eye. Results: Nine porcine eyes were used in this study. Basal IOP before suction was 5.67 ± 2.39 mmHg, rising to 20.33 ± 4.18 mmHg at the beginning of the suction phase (p < 0.001). During femtosecond procedure, pressure reached a value of 19.74 ± 4.31 mmHg, remaining stable during the entire process. The IOP recorded prior to removal of the suction ring was 21.00 ± 6.93 mmHg, returning to basal values in all the eyes after the suction ring was removed, with no statistical differences between basal and post-suction IOPs. Total femtosecond procedure time was 125.9 ± 15.9 s. Conclusions: Real-time IOP can be measured during surgery using a transducer connected to the anterior chamber. The results showed a significant increase in IOP during the procedure due to the pressure exerted by the suction ring but not by the effect of the femtosecond laser.
Historians and the Church of England

So often, intellectual history is about inheritances. Historians study what is passed down from one age to the next. This has often led to the problem that we tend to focus on what is more familiar, engaging, or at least recognisable, and leads us to ask: why study that which has not left an inheritance? Whilst there has been considerable study in recent years of 19th-century English historians, the overwhelming focus has been on what this leads to; whether the development of the modern English historical profession in Peter Slee’s Learning and a Liberal Education (1986); Reba Soffer’s study of the effect of (mainly Conservative) teaching on a generation of British statesmen and civil servants Discipline and Power (1994); or John Burrow’s seminal study of Whig historians, A Liberal Descent (1981). (1)
A Modif ied Adaptive DBP for DP 16-QAM Coherent Optical System

A modified adaptive digital backpropagation (A-DBP) algorithm based on intensity variance is proposed in this letter. In the simulation, a 25-GBd dual-polarization 16-quadrature amplitude modulation transmission system with a transmission distance of 2000 km is established to investigate the performance of the proposed A-DBP. The simulation results show that the proposed A-DBP can dynamically estimate the optimal fiber nonlinear coefficient γopt and achieve comparable or even better performance than the DBP with full knowledge of fiber. Moreover, the proposed A-DBP can achieve better performance compared with the previous A-DBP based on intensity variance. Moreover, the proposed A-DBP requires fewer iterations to determine γopt compared with the previous A-DBP based on intensity or phase variance.
Changing incidence of thyroid cancer.

To the Editor: In their study of the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States between 1973 and 2002, Drs Davies and Welch concluded that the increase was artifactual, due to increasing detection of small thyroid nodules. We believe that this conclusion is premature. Use of imaging technology for the thyroid may have begun increasing in the early 1980s, but workup for thyroid disease generally occurs because of symptoms or signs. We are not aware of any organized, concerted, sustained effort in thyroid cancer screening. Davies and Welch observed the greatest increase in incidence for cancers less than 1 cm in diameter, but they show that tumors of 1 to 2 cm and 2 to 5 cm in diameter have also been strongly increasing in incidence. Nodules about 1 cm in diameter are detectable by palpation, and those 2 to 5 cm in diameter are frequently visually apparent and unlikely to be undetected or to be observed clinically but not worked up for cancer. If incidence of thyroid cancer were indeed increasing, with modern diagnostic technology most tumors would be detected near the smallest sizes detectable with palpation. Thus, the increase in incidence of smallto medium-sized cancers is just as consistent with a true increase in disease incidence as with increasing detection of existing subclinical tumors. We believe that the reasoning concerning thyroid mortality used by Davies and Welch involves weak evidence.
Segmentation thématique de texte linéaire et non-supervisée :Détection active et passive des frontières thématiques en Français

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le domaine du traitement automatique du langage naturel et traite plus specifiquement de l'application de ce dernier a la segmentation thematique de texte. L'originalite de cette these consiste a integrer dans une methode non-supervisee de segmentation thematique de texte de l'information syntaxique, semantique et stylistique. Ce travail propose une approche lineaire de la segmentation thematique s'appuyant sur une representation vectorielle issue de l'analyse morpho-syntaxique et semantique de la phrase. Cette representation est ensuite utilisee pour calculer des distances entre segments thematiques potentiels en integrant de l'information stylistique. Ce travail a donne lieu au developpement d'une application qui permet de tester les differents parametre de notre modele, mais qui propose egalement d'autres approches testees dans ce travail. Notre modele a ete evaluer de deux maniere differente, une evaluation automatique sur la base de textes annotes et une evaluation manuelle. Notre evaluation manuelle a donne lieu a la definition d'un protocole d'evaluation s'appuyant sur des criteres precis. Dans les deux cas, les resultats de notre evaluation ont ete au niveau, voir meme au dessus, des performances des algorithmes les plus populaires de la litterature
On ischemic brain injury in genetically altered mice.

On Ischemic Brain Injury in Genetically Altered Mice Print ISSN: 1079-5642. Online ISSN: 1524-4636 Copyright © 1999 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology doi: 10.1161/01.ATV. 19.11. 2581 1999;19:2581-2583 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. http://atvb.ahajournals. org/content/19/11/2581 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Adaptive Estimation of Crop Water Stress in Nectarine and Peach Orchards Using High-Resolution Imagery from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

The capability to monitor water status from crops on a regular basis can enhance productivity and water use efficiency. In this paper, high-resolution thermal imagery acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to map plant water stress and its spatial variability, including sectors under full irrigation and deficit irrigation over nectarine and peach orchards at 6.12 cm ground sample distance. The study site was classified into sub-regions based on crop properties, such as cultivars and tree training systems. In order to enhance the accuracy of the mapping, edge extraction and filtering were conducted prior to the probability modelling employed to obtain crop-property-specific (‘adaptive’ hereafter) lower and higher temperature references (Twet and Tdry respectively). Direct measurements of stem water potential (SWP, ψstem) and stomatal conductance (gs) were collected concurrently with UAV remote sensing and used to validate the thermal index as crop biophysical parameters. The adaptive crop water stress index (CWSI) presented a better agreement with both ψstem and gs with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.72 and 0.82, respectively, while the conventional CWSI applied by a single set of hot and cold references resulted in biased estimates with R2 of 0.27 and 0.34, respectively. Using a small number of ground-based measurements of SWP, CWSI was converted to a high-resolution SWP map to visualize spatial distribution of the water status at field scale. The results have important implications for the optimal management of irrigation for crops.