Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a temperature-related coral disease outbreak

During the austral summer of 2001/2002, a coral epizootic occurred almost simultaneously with a bleaching event on the fringing reefs of Magnetic Island (Great Barrier Reef region), Australia. This resulted in a 3- to 4-fold increase in the mean percentage of partial mortality rate in a population of the hard coral Montipora aequituberculata. The putative disease state, ‘atramentous necrosis’, was observed on both bleached and normally-pigmented M. aequituberculata, and presented blackened lesions that spread within days across the colony surface and throughout the population. Diseased portions of the corals were only visible for 3 to 4 wk, with diseased tissues becoming covered in sediment and algae, which rapidly obscured evidence of the outbreak. Diseased colonies were again observed in the summer of 2002/2003 after being absent over the 2002 winter. Analysis of when diseased and bleached corals were first observed, and when and where the mortality occurred on individual colonies, indicated virtually all the mortality over the summer could be attributed to the disease and not to the bleaching. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques and cloning, and analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from diseased coral tissue, identified a mixed microbial assemblage in the diseased tissues particularly within the Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. While it is not possible in this study to distinguish between a disease-causing microbial community versus secondary invaders, the bacterial 16S rDNA sequences identified within the blackened lesions demonstrated high similarity to sequences from black band disease and white plague infected corals, suggesting either common aetiological agents or development of a bacterial community that is specific to degrading coral tissues. Temperature-induced coral disease outbreaks, with the potential for elevated levels of mortality, may represent an added problem for corals during the warmer summer months and an added dimension to predicted increases in water temperature from climate change.
The impact of school closures on student achievement - evidence from rural Finland

Over the last two decades, many municipalities in Finland have attempted to cut costs by closing small schools. In particular, rural schools with low enrolment have been the target of these savings. This continuing tendency has raised many concerns about the effect of school closures on students, and remains a controversial issue in public debate. The current study examines 600 students at rural schools, who were displaced in the last years of their primary education due to school closures in 1999-2000. Relative to previous literature looking at school closures influenced by poor performance, in the present study school closures were due to cost savings alone. Additionally, because of the rural setting, the effects of displacement include longer journeys to school and increased school size. To address the non-random displacement of students, the effect of school closures on student grades and high school graduation rates is estimated by comparing the displaced students to control students who are matched based on a number of relevant covariates. I find no adverse effects of school closures on any of the measured outcomes. This implies that negative effects on students' school performance does not have empirical support as an objection to the school closure policies.
Lost in Translation: A Life in a New Language

In 1959 13-year-old Eva Hoffman made a voyage that took her from the familiar, loved country of her childhood to the unknown New World. Her life was irrevocably divided in two. In this personal memoir, she evokes the landscapes of postwar Poland - recently war-torn, suffering oppression, yet also the land of friends, first love, first home. She then sets out to convey the shock of the disruption of exile from that home and the struggle to comprehend a suddenly alien world, in which she experienced hardships among the well-manicured lawns of suburban Vancouver. The view of an adolescent thrust into a new world with no familiar references is offered via comments on a succession of American landscapes - college education in Texas; counterculture at Harvard; the literary milieu of New York. The reader is given an insight into the profound consequences of living a bicultural identity, the risks of nostalgia, the conflicting pulls of freedom and family knowledge. The book also explores the condition of being caught between two languages - a condition that literally offers different answers in moments of important decision - and tells how Hoffman learned to rewrite herself in the splintered, challenging English idiom.
Preliminary study on irrigational quality of some ground water sources of Kashmir, India

In order to assess the groundwater quality for irrigational purposes, samples from seven stations were collected on monthly basis from June to November 2011. The samples were chemically analyzed for physico-chemical parameters including; pH, Conductivity, total solids, total dissolved and soluble salts, Alkalinity (CO 3 2− , HCO 3 − ), Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium and to determine irrigational status Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), Percent sodium, Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley's ratio (KR), Permeability index (PI) and Soluble sodium percentage (SSP) were calculated. Chemically water was found to be mineralized, fresh and alkaline. Based on SAR, RSC, MAR, PI and KR all the samples fall within permissible irrigational range. The correlation between sodium-adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity showed 43% of samples fall under C 2S 1 (medium salinity and low alkali hazard) and 57% C 3S1 (high salinity) category. While plotting %Na against electrical conductivity on Wilcox's diagram it was found that 43% samples had water quality varying from excellent to good while others (57%) had water quality varying from good to permissible. The overall values indicated that the ground water in the study area can be applied for irrigation purpose without any alkali or bicarbonate and magnesium hazard.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF LEADING DIMENSIONS OF OCCUPATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT BASED ON HACKMAN & OLDHAMS JOB CHARACTERISTICS MODEL (CASE STUDY: EMPLOYEES OF COPPER COMPANY,

The present research studies the organizational commitment for the important reason that organizations taking advantage of members with high level of commitment generally do well out of better performances and fewer absences, delays, and changes. This is, thus, to study the effects of job characteristics (variation of duties, job identity, occupational importance, independence, feedback) on organizational commitment through which absences and less working would be reduced. The statistical population included 214 who were selected according to Krejcie and Morgan table and 121 were picked out as the statistical sample. Allen and Meyer's Organizational Commitment scale and job qualifications questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha estimated at 0.85 and 0.78 were employed to collect data. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 by means of Pearson correlation tests and regression analysis. Results revealed that there was a significant correlation between occupational dimensions and organizational commitment. As such, the importance of duties had the strongest and variation of tasks had the least impact on organizational commitment.
Timing and distribution of tectonic rotations in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

We report paleomagnetic data from the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to help understand the timing and distribution of deformation (i.e., vertical-axis rotations ) during the India-Asia collision. Paleomagnetic results throughout Xining Basin strata, recently dated using magnetostratigraphy to between 52 and 17 Ma, show that some 25° of clockwise rotation with respect to the stable Eurasian continent occurred at ca. 41 Ma. In view of a regional compilation of existing paleomagnetic data from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, these results suggest that this region experienced clockwise rotations in the regional Paleocene-Miocene basin system, including rotation in the Xining Basin, ca. 41 Ma, thus establishing the existence of widespread deformation at this time. During a mid-Miocene phase, between 17 and 11 Ma, clockwise rotations were restricted to the Miocene-Quaternary basin system, implying that the Laji Shan thrust belt, which separates the two basin systems, was active during this time interval.
INTERACTIVE DIGITAL MEDIA AND IMPACT OF CUSTOMER ATTITUDE AND TECHNOLOGY ON BRAND AWARENESS: EVIDENCE FROM THE SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of interactive digital media channels such as social media, email marketing, and mobile marketing in creating the brand awareness. We have assimilated three behavioral factors including perceived value, trust, and word of mouth as mediating factors, and the Internet and smartphone as moderating variable. Total 2565 responses have been taken to investigate the role of digital media channels, and impact of mediating and moderating variables on the brand awareness. This research has used SEM-based multivariate approach including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and conditional process technique for examining the direct and indirect influence of variables. The results of the study exhibited that the interactive digital media channels have a positive and significant direct impact on brand awareness. Results further revealed that the perceived value, trust, and word of mouth as mediating factors, and the Internet and smartphone as moderating variables have a significant and influential impact in a relationship of interactive digital media tools and the brand awareness.
A Spatial Analysis of Innovation in Europe

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, it surveys different works related to the analysis of Innovation and the way it spreads locally. We will see that theoretical predictions and empirical facts are rather contradictory. This will lead us, secondly, to shedding light towards the concentration of innovative activities in the European Union, at a more precise level of analysis: the NUTS2 nomenclature. We contradict the usually accepted empirical fact that innovative activities tend to be less and less concentrated, thus supporting the theory of knowledge spillovers, which is probably due to the important changes the European Union went through in terms of trade structure. This claim relies on a rather simple but well-founded analysis. Patent applications to the European Patent Office will be used as a proxy for the level of Innovation. These patent applications have a geographical component that will be exploited to determine whether spatial autocorrelation of innovative activities is present. After showing the importance of considering spatial autocorrelation in an analysis of Innovation, we will propose an empirical methodology to assess how it spreads. Regarding this, no results are presented, as it goes beyond the scope of the paper.
Analysis of Covariance with Spatially Correlated Secondary Variables

Advances in precision agriculture allow researchers to capture data more frequently and in more detail. For example, it is typical to collect “on-the-go” data such as soil electrical conductivity readings. This creates the opportunity to use these measurements as covariates for the primary response variable to possibly increase experimental precision. Moreover, these measurements are also spatially referenced to one another, creating the need for methods in which spatial locations play an explicit role in the analysis of the data. Data sets which contain measurements on a spatially referenced response and covariate are analyzed using either cokriging or spatial analysis of covariance. While cokriging accounts for the correlation structure of the covariate, it is purely a predictive tool. Alternatively, spatial analysis of covariance allows for parameter estimation yet disregards the correlation structure of the covariate. A method is proposed which both accounts for the correlation in and between the response and covariate and allows for the estimation of model parameters; also, this method allows for analysis of covariance when the response and covariate are not colocated.
Pathways to practice: praxiography and international politics

Political scientists have started to focus on ‘practice’ as the smallest unit of analysis. Following a broader turn in the social sciences, the practice focus provides multiple advantages, including better conceptualizations of short-term social change, getting closer to the everyday activities of those speaking, writing and doing politics, appropriate conceptualization of agency-structure dynamics, or forms of analysis resonating with other communities than scholarly ones. This contribution asks what the methodological implications of the practice turn are. It is argued that the practice focus does not only imply a certain ‘theory’ but also a certain methodology. I advance the term praxiography to speak about the forms of analysis produced by practice researchers. I discuss key guidelines of praxiographic research on two levels: first, general research strategies that provide empirical access points, second, guidelines for data collection in the frame of participant observation, expert interviews, and document analysis. I conclude in arguing that although praxiography is context driven, and hence requires to be tailored to the research problem, it is vital to reflect on the methodological repertoire of praxiographic research.
A Research Article on Nanogel as Topical Promising Drug Delivery for Diclofenac sodium

Background: Transdermal delivery of drug is promising but challenging system is available for local as well as systemic effect of drug. The prolonged residence of drug formulation in the skin is important for transdermal drug delivery. Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to develop a nanogel with reduced particle size in order to improve the bioavailability of the anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac sodium. Methods: The present study is to formulate nanosizes dispersion of diclofenac sodium by emulsionsolvent diffusion method and incorporation of gelling agent to produce nanogel. The formulation are characterized for particle size ranging from 100-400 nm. A drug named diclofenac sodium used in rheumatoid disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Results: Glycerol: Water (20:80) co-solvent system is selected for preparing diclofenac sodium nanogels using different polymers and has better permeability coefficient than alcohol: water co-solvent. Permeation through cellophane membrane was carried using 0.9% w/v sodium chloride using receptor fluid in franz diffusion cell (1.74 cm2). Gels containing diclofenac sodium with eudragit polymer shown better permeability coefficient. Conclusion: Diclofenac sodium nanogels formulated using carbopol with permeation enhancer has shown better flux enhancement in comparison with nanogels formulated using HPMC and methyl cellulose. It has been concluded that diclofenac sodium nanogels using carbopol 940 as gelling agent and Eudragit S-100 has shown better flux enhancement with propylene glycol as permeation enhancer.
Prediction of the Inductance in a Synchronous Linear Permanent Magnet Generator

This paper presents calculations of the varying inductances profile for a synchronous linear surface mounted permanent magnet generator in an ABC reference system. Calculations are performed by utilizing the reluctance term, known from analytic calculations and finite element method simulations. With the inductance term identified, the voltage difference between the generator’s no load and load voltage can be calculated and an external circuit can be designed for optimal use of the generator. Two different operation intervals of the linear generator are considered and the results are discussed. The result indicates that time costly finite element simulations can be replaced with simple analytical calculations for a surface mounted permanent magnet linear generator.
The Relationship Between Class Environment and Psychological Suzhi of Minority Middle School Students in Yunnan

In this study, 1307 minority middle school students in Yunnan are surveyed. This study uses survey questionnaires to observe the relationship between classroom environment and psychological suzhi of minority middle school students. The results show that: (a) the psychological suzhi of the Bai middle school students in terms of cognitive qualities, adaptability and psychological suzhi overall score is significantly better than the Yi and Hui students; (b) there is a significant positive correlation between the factors of teacherstudent relationship, order and discipline, competition, the relationship between students in the class environment and minority students’ psychological suzhi; there is a significant negative correlation between the factors of the burden of learning in the class environment and the psychological suzhi of minority middle school students; (c) the factors of the teacher-student relationship, competition and the relationship between students in class environment have a significant positive prediction function on the psychological suzhi of minority middle school students.
Impact of climate change on regional and global biodiversity : a meta-analysis

Impact of Climate Change on Regional and Global Biodiversity: a Meta-Analysis Antoine Bahizi Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. Thesis: MSc December 2012 Peer-review publication has become a standard vessel for sharing the knowledge gained in scientific research, with its number increasing exponentially in the recent decades. To this end, robust statistical methods that allow us to synthesize and generalize these knowledge points in published literature, and to develop and test overarching hypotheses, are urgently needed. We here use a meta-analysis and test a few hypotheses on the influence of climate change on biodiversity maintenance in regional ecosystems. Based on the work by Hans van Houwelingen and colleagues in 2002, we developed a maximum likelihood estimate of parameter in random and mixed effect models. This approach was then applied to a real dataset collected from published literature of the impact of ambient temperature increase on species performance. We found that in general, the current and predicted temperature is negatively affecting different species independently of localities. Some taxonomic groups are negatively affected by temperature rise whilst others seem to be robust to the temperature change. Species richness and suitable habitat were found to be the most sensitive species attributes to temperature rise. We classified the methodology used by studies from which we extracted the data in two main groups: observation and modelling. We found that the modelling approach exaggerates the reality found from the observations. The main focus of this study was ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Research on the Influence of Forced Submissiveness on the Behavior and Attitude

The study of attitude and behavior has always been a very important issue on social psychology. Based on Theory of cognitive dissonance, Theory of Reasoned Action and The theory of planned behavior, study the relationship between the submissiveness, behavior attitude and Conformity under the influence of the power. Further analyzes the function of the success expectations moderated the process of attitude change. The results of this research show that the forced submissiveness can promote members to generate cognitive dissonance, under the influence of high success expectations, the attitude change may caused by cognitive dissonance, then bring about the submissiveness. Under the low success expectations situation, cognitive dissonance may result in the individual distorted reality or selectively explaining inconsistent information to reduce cognitive dissonance, so that cannot bring about submissiveness.
Chaotic enhancement of dark matter density in binary systems

Using symplectic map description we study the capture of galactic dark matter particles (DMP) in two-body and few-body galaxies. This approach allows to model scattering of $10^{16}$ DMP following time evolution of captured particle on about $10^9$ orbital periods. We obtain DMP density distribution inside such galaxies and determine the enhancement factor of their density in galactic center compared to its inter-galactic value as a function of mass ratio of galactic bodies and a ratio of body velocity to velocity of galactic DMP wind. We find that the enhancement factor can be of the order of ten thousands.
Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Solar Nano Photocatalysis

Experimental investigations were carried out to find environmental friendly and effective solution by harnessing of solar energy through photocatalysis to degrade the contaminants present in wastewater using ZnO nano particles as photocatalyst . Multilayer thin film of photocatalyst (ZnO) was developed inside the glass tube reactor by layer-by-layer (L-b-L) method. Effluent samples were collected from four industries in the sultanate of Oman and a series of experiments were carried out in a ZnO thin film coated reactor under solar radiation exposure for 4 hours. pH, COD, TOC , TDS and Turbidity was analyzed for the samples collected on hourly basis and a comparison of treatment showed substantial degradation of pollutants in all the wastewater samples and also complete de-colorization of sewage wastewater.
The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banks in Tanzania

This study examines intellectual capital (IC) performance of banks operating in Tanzania,and investigates the relationship of IC on financial performance. It identifies the IC componentsthat may be the drivers of the traditional indicators of bank success. The study uses the ValueAdded of Intellectual Coefficient VAIC™ methodology, to measure the Intellectual Capitalefficiency of the Banks using a four years period data set from 2010 to 2013. The results of asurvey, show that intellectual capital performance of Tanzania is low and it is positively associatedwith bank financial performance indicators. However, when VAIC is split into its components, therelationships between these components and bank financial performance indicators vary. Threevalue efficiency indicators, Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE) andStructural Capital Efficiency (SCE) which are the components of VAIC™ ratio, were used in theanalysis.
Economic Globalisation, Democracy and Income in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Panel Cointegration Analysis

Sub-Saharan Africa has been characterised by low-income levels for decades. This paper analyses the impact of economic globalisation and democracy on income in sub-Saharan Africa using panel cointegration techniques. The paper considers a composite indicator for economic globalisation and several alternative indicators of democracy and highlights the essence of the simultaneous adoption of economic globalisation and democracy for sub- Saharan African countries. The empirical results based on a sample of 31 countries over the 1980-2005 period, clearly indicate that, whilst the total long run impact of economic globalisation on income has been beneficial, the total long run impact of democracy has been the bane of income in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper concludes that policy reforms should aim to improve democratic institutions in sub-Saharan Africa for its potential benefits to be realised.