Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth of Salmonella enteritidis in Yolk of Shell Eggs from Normal and Seropositive Hens.

The growth of Salmonella enteritidis inoculated into the yolks of shell eggs from normal and seropositive hens was determined at various temperatures. All eggs were inoculated with approximately 1 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g of yolk. In eggs from normal hens, the organism multiplied with a generation time of 25 min, reaching a density of about 108 CFU/g in 12 h at 37°C. A generation time of 3.5 h was observed in eggs incubated at 15.5°C, a temperature frequently used for commercial storage of eggs. Cell density of >107 CFU/g was reached in 4 d at 15.5°C. No multiplication was observed in eggs incubated at 7°C for 94 d. When inoculated eggs from seropositive birds were incubated at 37°C, the organism multiplied with a generation time of 35 min, reaching a cell density of >106 CFU/g in 12 h. Raw egg white was detrimental to cells, reducing cell viability 50% in 4 h at 37°C. The limulus amoebocyte lysate test gave a positive reaction with whole liquid egg containing <103 CFU/g. A protocol is suggested for possible application of this test in epidemiological studies that screen grade A shell eggs for Salmonella contamination.
Effects of blood flow on the antibacterial efficacy of chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine coated central venous catheter

Abstract Background: Chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine coated central venous catheters (CSS-CVC) may cause loss of antimicrobial efficacy due to friction between the CVC surface and sheer stress caused by the blood flow. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of CSS-CVC at various flow rates using a bloodstream model. Methods: Each CVC was subjected to various flow rates (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 L/min) and wear-out times (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours), and the optical density (OD) 600 after a Staphylococcus aureus incubation test was used to determine the antibacterial effect of CSS-CVC. Results: In the 0.5 L/min group, there was no significant change in the OD600 value up to 120 hours compared with the baseline OD600 value for CSS-CVC (P > .467). However, the OD600 values of CSS-CVC in the 1 L/min (P < .001) and 2 L/min (P < .001) groups were significantly reduced up to 72 hours, while that in the 4 L/min (p < 0.001) group decreased rapidly up to 48 hours. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a doubt whether sufficient antibacterial function can be maintained with prolonged duration of catheter placement.
Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties in 3d–5d based Sr2FeIrO6 thin films

The structural, magnetic and dielectric properties have been investigated in 3d–5d based double perovskite Sr2FeIrO6 thin films deposited by pulse laser deposition technique. To understand the effect of strain, epitaxial films are grown with varying thickness as well as on different substrates i.e., SrTiO3 (100) and LaAlO3 (100). The films with highest thickness are found to be more relaxed. Atomic force microscope images indicate all films are of good quality where grain sizes increase with increase in film thickness. X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy measurements indicate a Ir5+ charge state in present films while providing a detailed picture of hybridization between Fe/Ir-d and O-p orbitals. The bulk antiferromagnetic transition is retained in films though the transition temperature shifts to higher temperature. Both dielectric constant (ϵ r) and loss (tan δ) show change around the magnetic ordering temperatures of bulk Sr2FeIrO6 indicating a close relation between dielectric and magnetic behaviors. A Maxwell–Wagner type relaxation is found to follow over whole frequency range down to low temperature in present film. On changing the substrate i.e., LaAlO3 (100), the ϵ r(T) and (tan δ(T)) show almost similar behavior but ϵ r shows a higher value which is due to an increased strain coming from high mismatch of lattice parameters.
The Protective Effect of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid against Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Injury through Free Radical Scavenging in Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Background and objectives: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been among the major causes of small intestinal injury in clinical practice. As such, the current study investigated the protective effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) against an NSAID-induced small intestinal injury. Materials and Methods: IEC-6 cells were treated with various concentrations of indomethacin with or without 5-ASA in a serum-free medium, after which an 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Dromide (MTT) assay, a cell apoptosis assay, a caspase-3 activity assay, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity measurement, a Western blotting for occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and a wound healing assay were conducted. Results: 5-ASA ameliorated indomethacin-induced cell apoptosis and an increase in the intracellular ROS content while augmenting the indomethacin-induced suppression of SOD2 activity in IEC-6 cells. Moreover, 5-ASA reversed the indomethacin-induced attenuation of occludin and ZO-1 expression and promoted faster wound healing effects in IEC-6 cells following an indomethacin-induced injury. Conclusions: Our results suggested that 5-ASA protects small intestinal cells against an NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by scavenging free radicals. Therefore, 5-ASA could be a potential treatment for an NSAID-induced small intestinal injury.
Localization and function of a Plasmodium falciparum protein (PF3D7_1459400) during erythrocyte invasion

Nearly 60% of Plasmodium falciparum proteins are still uncharacterized and their functions are unknown. In this report, we carried out the functional characterization of a 45 kDa protein (PF3D7_1459400) and showed its potential as a target for blood stage malaria vaccine development. Analysis of protein subcellular localization, native protein expression profile, and erythrocyte invasion inhibition of both clinical and laboratory parasite strains by peptide antibodies suggest a functional role of PF3D7_1459400 protein during erythrocyte invasion. Also, immunoreactivity screens using synthetic peptides of the protein showed that adults resident in malaria endemic regions in Ghana have naturally acquired plasma antibodies against PF3D7_1459400 protein. Altogether, this study presents PF3D7_1459400 protein as a potential target for the development of peptide-based vaccine for blood-stage malaria. Impact statement Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a global health problem. Erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum merozoites appears to be a promising target to curb malaria. We have identified and characterized a novel protein that is involved in erythrocyte invasion. Our data on protein subcellular localization, stage-specific protein expression pattern, and merozoite invasion inhibition by α-peptide antibodies suggest a role for PF3D7_1459400 protein during P. falciparum erythrocyte invasion. Even more, the human immunoepidemiology data present PF3D7_1459400 protein as an immunogenic antigen which could be further exploited for the development of new anti-infective therapy against malaria.
Transfer Learning Based Method for Frequency Response Model Updating with Insufficient Data

Finite element model updating precision depends heavily on sufficient vibration feature extraction. However, adequate amount of sample collection is generally time-consuming in frequency response (FR) model updating. Accurate vibration feature extraction with insufficient data has become a significant challenge in FR model updating. To update the finite element model with a small dataset, a novel approach based on transfer learning is firstly proposed in this paper. A readily available fault diagnosis dataset is selected as ancillary knowledge to train a high-precision mapping from FR data to updating parameters. The proposed transfer learning network is constructed with two branches: source and target domain feature extractor. Considering about the cross-domain feature discrepancy, a domain adaptation method is designed by embedding the extracted features into a shared feature space to train a reliable model updating framework. The proposed method is verified by a simulated satellite example. The comparison results manifest that sample amount dependency has prominently lessened this method and the updated model outperforms the method without transfer learning in accuracy with the small dataset. Furthermore, the updated model is validated through dynamic response out of the training set.
Postprandial Effect of Yogurt Enriched with Anthocyanins from Riceberry Rice on Glycemic Response and Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Adults

The pigment of riceberry rice has been reported to contain anthocyanins which act as a free radical scavenger and inhibitor of carbohydrate digestive enzymes. Since the probiotic yogurt incorporated with the pigment of riceberry rice extract was previously developed, the present study was aimed to investigate the acute effect of riceberry rice yogurt consumption on postprandial glycemic response, antioxidant capacity, and subjective ratings in healthy adults. In a cross-over design, 19 healthy participants were randomized to consume 350 g of yogurt supplemented with 0.25% (w/w) riceberry rice extract or the control yogurt. Postprandial plasma glucose, antioxidant status, and subjective ratings were measured at fasting and intervals (0–3 h) after ingestion of yogurt. The primary outcome was glycemic response; the secondary outcomes were plasma antioxidant capacity. In comparison to the yogurt control, riceberry rice yogurt reduced plasma glucose concentration after 30 min of consumption. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was significantly lower after riceberry rice yogurt load than after the control yogurt load. The consumption of riceberry yogurt caused an acute increase in plasma ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) from the baseline values after 60 min of 0.25 ± 0.06 mM FeSO4, 253.7 ± 35.5 mM Trolox equivalents, and 166.8 ± 28.9 mM Trolox equivalents, respectively. Furthermore, the iAUCs for FRAP, TEAC, ORAC, and protein thiol were higher in riceberry yogurt consumption compared with the control yogurt (1.6-, 1.6-, 2.9-, and 1.9-fold, respectively). A decrease in iAUC for plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was also observed in the riceberry yogurt group. However, consumption of riceberry rice yogurt and control yogurt showed similar subjective rating scores of hunger, desire to eat, fullness, and satiety. In conclusion, acute consumption of riceberry rice yogurt suppressed postprandial glucose level and improved plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy volunteers.
Temperature but not nutrient addition affects abundance and assemblage structure of colonizing aquatic insects.

Abiotic conditions are important considerations in the species sorting process, which ultimately determines the distribution and abundance of species. Freshwater ecosystems will be impacted by ongoing temperature rise and other anthropogenically-induced changes, such as nutrient enrichment and eutrophication. Changing characteristics of freshwater habitats will likely impact organisms in numerous ways, including through effects on colonization dynamics. Species are expected to colonize habitat patches where fitness will be the highest for themselves and their offspring, and how habitat selection interacts with changing environments remains an important question. We conducted a warming experiment to test the habitat selection preferences of aquatic beetles and hemipterans between habitat patches (mesocosms) of varying temperatures (via heaters), nutrient addition, and their interaction. Overall, insect abundance and richness were higher in unheated patches, with taxon-specific variation in response to heating. Although nutrients had limited effects on environmental conditions in mesocosms, their addition had no significant effects on insects. Insect assemblages had unique structures across heating treatments, with lower beta diversity and higher effective numbers of species in the warmest mesocosms. Our data support the importance of spatial variation in abiotic factors during the habitat selection process, and in determining species distributions and abundances as shallow lentic ecosystems are impacted by rising global temperatures.
Preclinical models for studying immune responses to traumatic injury

Traumatic injury initiates a large and complex immune response in the minutes after the initial insult, comprising of simultaneous pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses. In patients that survive the initial injury, these immune responses are believed to contribute towards complications such as the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. These post‐traumatic complications affect a significant proportion of patients and are a major contributing factor for poor outcomes and an increased burden on healthcare systems. Therefore, understanding the immune responses to trauma is crucial for improving patient outcomes through the development of novel therapeutics and refining resuscitation strategies. In order to do this, preclinical animal models must mimic human immune responses as much as possible, and as such, we need to understand the constraints of each species in the context of trauma. A number of species have been used in this field; however, these models are limited by their genetic background and their capacity for recapitulating human immune function. This review provides a brief overview of the immune response in critically injured human patients and discusses the most commonly used species for modelling trauma, focusing on how their immune response to serious injury and haemorrhage compares to that of humans.
Toxoplasmosis in Schizophrenic Patients: Immune-diagnosis and Serum Dopamine Level.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite widely distributed all over the world. It has been associated with various psychiatric conditions as schizophrenia. This study aiming to evaluate the association between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia and to estimate the effect of T. gondii infection on the serum dopamine level among schizophrenic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted over 45 schizophrenic patients and 44 normal controls. Serum IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected by a commercial ELISA Kit. The immunoblotting method was performed for the detection of IgG anti-Toxoplasma dopamine was detected by the human dopamine ELISA kit. RESULTS Anti-T. gondii IgM was negative in all the 90 studied individuals. However, anti-T. gondii IgG was positive in 25 schizophrenic patients (55.6%) and 13 normal healthy controls (28.9%). Immunoblotting showed stronger specific reaction to proteins with molecular weights 50 and 60 kDa by +ve IgG schizophrenic patients. The serum dopamine level among schizophrenic patients was increased as compared to healthy controls (47.22 and 25.79%, respectively; p <0.001). In addition, the dopamine levels in +ve IgG were higher than those of -ve IgG schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that chronic T. gondii infection causes high dopamine levels that may lead to schizophrenia. About 55% of schizophrenic patients showed positive IgG reactions to Toxoplasma within this population, the dopamine levels were higher than seronegative population and revealed both 50 and 60 kDa proteins band specific to Toxoplasma.
A population genomics approach to uncover the CNVs, and their evolutionary significance, hidden in reduced‐representation sequencing data sets

The importance of structural variation in adaptation and speciation is becoming increasingly evident in the literature. Among SVs, copy number variants (CNVs) are known to affect phenotypes through changes in gene expression and can potentially reduce recombination between alleles with different copy numbers. However, little is known about their abundance, distribution and frequency in natural populations. In a “From the Cover” article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Dorant et al. (2020) present a new cost‐effective approach to genotype copy number variants (CNVs) from large reduced‐representation sequencing (RRS) data sets in nonmodel organisms, and thus to analyse sequence and structural variation jointly. They show that in American lobsters (Homarus americanus), CNVs exhibit strong population structure and several significant associations with annual variance in sea surface temperature, while SNPs fail to uncover any population structure or genotype–environment associations. Their results clearly illustrate that structural variants like CNVs can potentially store important information on differentiation and adaptive differences that cannot be retrieved from the analysis of sequence variation alone. To better understand the factors affecting the evolution of CNVs and their role in adaptation and speciation, we need to compare and synthesize data from a wide variety of species with different demographic histories and genome structure. The approach developed by Dorant et al. (2020) now allows to gain crucial knowledge on CNVs in a cost‐effective way, even in species with limited genomic resources.
Individualized Dosing of Fluoropyrimidine‐Based Chemotherapy to Prevent Severe Fluoropyrimidine‐Related Toxicity: What Are the Options?

Fluoropyrimidines are widely used in the treatment of several types of solid tumors. Although most often well tolerated, severe toxicity is encountered in ~ 20–30% of the patients. Individualized dosing for these patients can reduce the incidence of severe fluoropyrimidine‐related toxicity. However, no consensus has been achieved on which dosing strategy is preferred. The most established strategy for individualized dosing of fluoropyrimidines is upfront genotyping of the DPYD gene. Prospective research has shown that DPYD‐guided dose‐individualization significantly reduces the incidence of severe toxicity and can be easily applied in routine daily practice. Furthermore, the measurement of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activity has shown to accurately detect patients with a DPD deficiency. Yet, because this assay is time‐consuming and expensive, it is not widely implemented in routine clinical care. Other methods include the measurement of pretreatment endogenous serum uracil concentrations, the uracil/dihydrouracil‐ratio, and the 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) degradation rate. These methods have shown mixed results. Next to these methods to detect DPD deficiency, pharmacokinetically guided follow‐up of 5‐FU could potentially be used as an addition to dosing strategies to further improve the safety of fluoropyrimidines. Furthermore, baseline characteristics, such as sex, age, body composition, and renal function have shown to have a relationship with the development of severe toxicity. Therefore, these baseline characteristics should be considered as a dose‐individualization strategy. We present an overview of the current dose‐individualization strategies and provide perspectives for a future multiparametric approach.
Gender differences in factors associated with body weight misperception

Abstract Objective: Gender analysis in health research is important to strengthen our health system. The current study aimed to explore factors related to body weight misperception in a national sample of the general Korean population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: South Korea, general population. Participants: 12,900 adults enrolled from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). Results: Disadvantageous socio-economic status was considered a predictor of participants’ misperceptions of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being overweight and as underweight despite being of a healthy weight, mainly in men. Favourable socio-economic status was considered a predictor of participants’ misperceptions of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being underweight and as overweight despite being of a healthy weight, mainly in women. Living in an urban area was an independent predictor of men’s misperception of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being overweight and women’s misperception of themselves as being underweight despite being of a healthy weight. Physical inactivity was a predictor of most misperceptions in women. Psychological variables, such as stress and depression, were not significant predictors of misperception. Conclusions: The current study highlighted the gender differences in factors related to body weight misperception. These differences suggested that more sophisticated policies should be formulated to identify solutions to health problems related to body weight.
The Value and Role of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility

Abstract Although healthcare is always changing, the inpatient rehabilitation facility has indispensable and enduring roles in patient care, medical education, and research. For patients with complex medical and functional limitations, inpatient rehabilitation facility–level care fosters recovery and community reintegration and plays a strategic role in optimizing healthcare transitions from acute and to postacute settings. It is an incomparable and distinct zone for interprofessional education: the healthcare system is dependent on the inpatient rehabilitation facility as the epicenter for instruction to healthcare professionals on how to care for patients with complex rehabilitation needs. As healthcare evolves, patients’ increasing medical complexity requires ongoing research focused on patients’ evolving healthcare needs. The inpatient rehabilitation facility alone offers the requisite infrastructure to support such discovery. In this Association of Academic Physiatrists Position Paper, we provide a fresh perspective on the value proposition of the inpatient rehabilitation facility and advocate for this unique clinical environment as a critical component of contemporary healthcare.
From Orphan Phage to a Proposed New Family–The Diversity of N4-Like Viruses

Escherichia phage N4 was isolated in 1966 in Italy and has remained a genomic orphan for a long time. It encodes an extremely large virion-associated RNA polymerase unique for bacterial viruses that became characteristic for this group. In recent years, due to new and relatively inexpensive sequencing techniques the number of publicly available phage genome sequences expanded rapidly. This revealed new members of the N4-like phage group, from 33 members in 2015 to 115 N4-like viruses in 2020. Using new technologies and methods for classification, the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has moved the classification and taxonomy of bacterial viruses from mere morphological approaches to genomic and proteomic methods. The analysis of 115 N4-like genomes resulted in a huge reassessment of this group and the proposal of a new family “Schitoviridae”, including eight subfamilies and numerous new genera.