Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Polish crime economically rational

This study investigates whether crime in Poland is governed by economic rationality. An economic model of rational behavior claims that the propensity to commit criminal activi- ties is negatively related to deterrence. The potential presence of higher risk profiles for certain population segments is investigated. Panel data aggregated to sub-regional levels and observed annually for the years 2003 to 2005 are applied. Controls for endogeneity among criminal activity level and deterrence, intra-regional correlation, inter-temporal heterogeneity and spatial spillover are implemented. A negative effect of deterrence on criminal activity is found, confirming the hypothesised economic rationality. Thus, local initiatives aiming to im- prove deterrence rates indeed pay off. Furthermore, certain population segments are identi- fied as obvious target groups for regional policy initiatives aiming to reduce criminal activi- ties. These are, in particular, the unemployed, youngsters and inhabitants in large urban areas. On the other hand, those with lower educational attainment, lower-wage earners and males are less obvious target groups. Finally, spatial spillover patters related to criminal activities seem to be less relevant, thus implying that initiatives toward criminal activities may well be formed at the regional level and that coordination across regions is less called for.
Ice particle properties of Arctic cirrus

Abstract. Ice particle and cloud properties such as particle size, particle shape and number concentration influence the net radiation effect of cirrus clouds. Measurements of these features are of great interest for the improvement of weather and climate models, especially for the Arctic region. In this study, balloon-borne in-situ measurements of Arctic cirrus clouds have been analysed for the first time with respect to their origin. Eight cirrus cloud measurements were carried out in Kiruna (68° N), Sweden. Ice particle diameters between 10 μm and 1200 μm were found and the shape could be recognised from 20 μm upwards. Great variability in particle size and shape was observed. This cannot simply be explained by local environmental conditions. However, if sorted by cirrus origin, wind, and weather conditions, the observed differences can be assessed. Number concentrations between 3/L and 400/L were measured, but only for two cases the number concentration reached values above 100/L. These two cirrus clouds were of in-situ origin and were caused by gravity and mountain lee-waves. For all other measurements, the maximum ice particle concentration was below 50/L and for one in-situ origin cirrus case only 3/L. In the case of in-situ origin clouds, the particles were all smaller than 350 μm diameter. The number size distribution for liquid origin clouds was much broader with particle sizes between 10 μm and 1200 μm. Furthermore, it is striking that in the case of in-situ origin clouds almost all particles were compact (61 %) or irregular (25 %) when examining the particle shape. In liquid origin clouds, on the other hand, most particles were irregular (48 %), rosettes (25 %) or columnar (14 %). There were hardly any plates in cirrus regardless of their origin. It is also noticeable that in the case of liquid origin clouds the rosettes and columnar particles were almost all hollow.
The Organic Fusion of MOOC and Flipped Classroom

MOOC and flipped classroom are the two advanced teaching modes being concerned by current education field for their features, and how to realize the organic fusion of the two modes is an exploring-worthy problem. The integration of MOOC and flipped classroom refers to turning the MOOC resources after localization processing into flipped classroom teaching processes. And it will provide efficient network learning platforms, learning tools, and high quality learning resources for flipped classroom. The organic fusion of MOOC and flipped classroom is made up of elements including environment, interaction, experience and reflection. Environment is the physical foundation and core. Interaction, experience, reflection respectively are the key elements of knowledge construction, knowledge migration applications, problem solving and innovation. They exemplify all social relationships in the field, especially power relationships, thereby making them an organic whole, playing the greatest role to improve learning efficiency. The Introduction of MOOC and Flipped Classroom Present Condition Along with the rapid development of information technology, MOOCs, resource sharing, and other forms of digital learning resources increasingly increase, the informationization of teaching mode and means to become the development trend of modern education, brought huge impact to the traditional teaching model, provides a good opportunity for teaching reform. Network teaching platform is a basic technology in online learning platform, is the essential condition of teaching or network auxiliary teaching. Since 2012, the massive open online courses like a digital tsunami swept across the globe, massive open online courses (MOOCs) became a higher education buzzword for 2012. A massive open online course, at the same time triggered a new wave of education informatization in the world, new challenges and new opportunities. MOOCs possesses the characteristics of large-scale, openness, self-organization and attracted a lot of the learner's participation, also offers online course construction and teaching reflection. Some scholars think when network course is creatively used, it will be a significant change, but a more fundamental or the active learning method [1]. Although the value of flipped classroom recognized by the education of the classroom, but many scholars believe that China's push to flipped classroom has no ideal effect, therefore, based on the advantages and disadvantages of the resource of MOOCs and flipped classroom, how will these two teaching models effectively fuse and improve the quality of classroom teaching, is the main purpose of this article research.
Using Social Network and Dropbox in Blended Learning: an Application to University Education

The main objective of this study is to analyze the use of the Social Networking and dropbox in blended learning by University students. We try identifying this method, over the student’s performance. The results show that the implementation of blended learning has a positive effect on in learning outcomes. The use of the Knowledge Management process has enabled captures a three-factor structure that reflected the five types of knowledge. The segmentation of the student sample analyzed using cluster technique, has established a clear typology of four groups. Students with higher levels of learning are related to the increased use of resources used and more proactive in blended learning.
Nanoparticle-based protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity

We demonstrated a biosensing approach which, for the first time, combines the high sensitivity of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) with a metallic nanoparticle-based assay. We provided a computational model based on generalized Mie theory to explain the higher sensitivity of protein detection. We quantitatively analyzed the binding of a model protein (i.e., Bovine Serum Albumin) to gold nanoparticles from high-Q WGM resonance frequency shifts, and fit the results to an adsorption isotherm, which agrees with the theoretical predictions of a two-component adsorption model. V C 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3599706]
Simple frequency counting techniques for analysis of VCO/CP-PLL coupled noise sensitivity in fully embedded CP-PLLs.

Fully embedded CMOS CP-PLLs (Charge-Pump Phase-locked loops) systems are currently used in a variety of SoC (System on Chip) applications. Often the key CP-PLL performance metrics are stated in terms of spectral purity of the output signal. Spectral purity can be severely degraded due to forward path faults or externally coupled noise. A correctly designed fully embedded CP-PLL system can be sensitive to particular forward path leakage faults that could be introduced during manufacture. In addition, the CPPLL structures and particularly the VCO (Voltage controlled oscillator) can be critically sensitive to coupling of externally generated supply and substrate noise. Methods for detection and analysis of key forward path degradation mechanisms have been reported previously. The techniques can provide some indication of important VCO parameters , however, no monitoring of externally coupled noise is carried out. This paper presents initial investigations into use of simple frequency counting methods for detection of externally coupled noise into the CP-PLLs VCO structures.
THE PROJECT OF ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETER AT BINP

The project of creation of first Russian accelerator mass-spectrometer at BINP is described. The scheme of AMS includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), low energy beam line with analyzers, electrostatic tandem accelerator with terminal voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapors stripper. Also it includes the high energy beam line with analyzers and final detector. The results of first experiments with ion sources are given also.
Designing Experimental Research in Archaeology: Examining Technology through Production and Use

Experiments in various forms have played an essential role in archaeology since its beginnings, but those experiments are often somewhat inconsistent in their design and applications. Today a web search for “experimental archaeology” reveals a broad range of interpretations including historical reenactments, living history, extensive experimental research programs, one-shot weekend experiments, and shaggy guys wrapped in skins or loincloths as they go about re-creating or using archaeological objects for no clearly defined reason. Many archaeologists engage in experiments at some point in their careers, if for no other reason than they seem to be a fun way to spend a weekend. This book helps ensure that those studies — while they certainly can and should remain enjoyable — will also provide useful data. Designing Experimental Research in Archaeology is a very welcome addition to the library of any researcher interested in conducting, teaching, or evaluating experimental research. It will serve many purposes. This book brings together the work of researchers study ing a range of geographic regions and times and is written with remarkably minimal jargon, presenting studies and reviews that can be read by non-specialists. Following a brief preface and more detailed
Non CO2 greenhouse gas sources from managed and natural soils - fluxes and mitigation

This paper outlines the current knowledge of the processes controlling nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes, methods of measurement, mitigation options and models designed to simulate N2O and CH4 fluxes. Natural and managed soils are globally important sources and sinks of the main non- CO2 greenhouse gases (GHG) N2O and CH4. Compared to CO2 their global warming potential over a 100 year period is 298 and 23 times, respectively, larger than that of CO2.
Color, Bacteria, and Mosquito Eggs as Ovipositional Attractants for Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Selected bacterial washes, color, and mosquito eggs were comparatively examined as ovipositional attractants for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Any evidence of additive activity was noted. All colored washes alone were preferred over selected bacterial washes. The combinations of color and bacteria in a single wash were better attractants for oviposition than colored washes alone. The bacterial content of the breeding water was a more important factor than egg presence in oviposition site selection.
Characterization of Grey Water from Country-Side Decentralized Water Treatment Stations in Northern Palestine

Fresh-water problem in Palestine dates back to the early 1900's due to various geographical settings and political turbulences. The problem is exacerbated by the ever-increasing demand on water by population growth and development. As pressures on freshwater resources grow in Palestine and as new sources of supply become increasingly scarce, expensive, or politically controversial, utilizing alternative options has become a must, to meet water needs. To reduce water demand by increasing the efficiency of water use and to expand the usefulness of alternative sources of water previously considered unusable. One option of supply is greywater.  The project seeks to treat and reclaim household grey water to supply irrigation water, and enhance crop production in patch gardens. The task results reveal that grey water from household activities has the potential for irrigating crops and offers many social and financial benefits to improve the residents source of revenue. Various parameters were monitored and measured for a decentralized constructed wetland system yielding some interesting and promising data. Keywords : Treated Grey Water, Irrigation, Agriculture.
Correlation between 2MASS and DENIS data

We have cross-correlated 2MASS and DENIS point sources in 17 galactic fields in order to find systematic astrometric or photometric shifts between the surveys. No significant differences have been found between the data of the two filters in common ( J and K s ). This allows to combine data from the two surveys for a further analysis of galactic structure via star counts.
Fabrication of frequency-selective surface structures by femtosecond laser ablation of gold films

Simple frequency-selective surface (FSS) structures consisting of two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattices of circular apertures with an aperture diameter of about 0.6-0.8 μm and a lattice period of 1.0 and 2.0 μm were fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation of thin gold films deposited on glass substrates. The fabricated samples were found to exhibit spectral transmission bands at infrared wavelengths, and significant surface plasmonic (SP) local enhancement of the near-field near the metal’s surface according to experimental transmission measurements and theoretical simulation by Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) technique. These results indicate versatility of femtosecond laser ablation technique for rapid prototyping of metallic FSS and plasmonic structures.
TOXICITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: SALINITY AS THE MAIN CAUSE IN REDUCING TOXICITY

Background: In recent years, silver nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial properties, have formed about 56% of nanoparticles global production. Since the released nanoparticles ultimately enter water ecosystems, their maximum toxic effects are magnified in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study is to show how salinity can decrease the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on exposed rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as a model in aquatic eco-toxicological studies. Methods: The effects of colloidal silver nanoparticles on rainbow trout fry (n=540, 10week-old; 1000 ± 35.0 mg) were examined in two different salinities (6±0.3ppt, and 12±0.2 ppt) in comparison with de-chlorinated tap water (0.4ppt). Median lethal concentration (LC50) of various concentrations of the Ag-NPs (ranging from 0.25 up to 80 ppm) was determined through a 6-day static-renewal exposure of tested fish fry to the salinities. Results: LC50 of the colloidal Ag-NPs for rainbow trout fry in 12±0.2 ppt salinity was almost 20 and 2 times greater than 0.4 and 6±0.3ppt salinities, respectively. Conclusion: The release of silver nanoprticles into fresh water ecosystems can lead to more biological, physical, and chemical irrecoverable impacts on the ecosystems and their fishes in comparison with saline water ecosystems.
Potentiality of Biogas as Renewable Energy Technology and its role for the Conservation of Environment

The study shows the status of biogas as a Renewable Energy Technology (RET) and its role in the conservation of environment by reducing the consumption of fuelwood and Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emission. 95 household survey, 10 key informant interviews, 3 focus group discussion and direct observatory technique were used for primary data collection. Fuelwood was found to be dominant energy resource which comprises 93.73% of total energy and rest 6.27% of energy was supplied by other sources of energy. The fuelwood consumption was 71.29 GJ per year per household which emits 646.1 tCO2e. The study shows that the annual GHGs reduction was found 7.62 tCO2e per biogas plant. On the basis of population of the agriculture based livestock of the study area, there was the possibility of 84 biogas plants of size 6 m3 which can reduce the total 638.82 tCO2e of GHGs emission per year. The study showed that the use of biogas technology can save 46.67% of fuelwood which can conserve 217.32 tons of fuelwood per year per household. The simple payback period in term of fuelwood saved for the construction of 6 m3 biogas plant was found to be only 4.08 years. Thus, the reduction or substitution of fuelwood as a primary energy resource, reduction of the GHGs emission and high potentiality of biogas in the area with adequate number of agriculture based livestock clearly indicates that biogas is as a suitable RET in reducing GHGs emission and helps in mitigating climate change.
A comparison between the effects of two cropping methods on the meat quality of impala ( Aepyceros melampus )

Impala (Aepyceros melampus) constitute one of the most commercially important species in game farming in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of day and night cropping on the meat quality characteristics of impala. Emphasis was placed on the influence of the cropping method on muscle pH45 (45 minutes post mortem), pHu (ultimate pH), pH decline, and the related influence on drip loss, cooking loss, toughness and colour of the meat in the M. longissimus lumborum. Measurements taken from 16 animals cropped at night were compared to those taken from 24 animals cropped in daytime. A mean pH45 of 6.67 + 0.11 was recorded for the night cropped animals compared to a mean pH45 of 6.55 + 0.23 for the day cropped animals. A mean pHu of 5.39 + 0.08 for animals cropped at night was recorded compared to a mean pHu of 5.45 + 0.11 for the animals cropped in the day. Regression analysis showed the rate of pH decline to be slower in the night cropped animals compared to those cropped in the day. This persisted when the pH values were adjusted to correct for ambient temperature. The cooling rate of the M. longissimus lumborum was twice as fast in the night cropped group. Shear force values and drip losses respectively, for the night-cropped animals were 19.11 + 5.68 g/mm2 and 2.93 + 1.59%, whereas for the day cropped animals the values were 23.42 + 8.13 g/mm2 and 4.15 + 2.34%. The results of this study indicate that night-time cropping does have a beneficial effect on certain meat quality parameters. Keywords: Meat quality, Impala, Cropping methods South African Journal of Animal Science Vol.33(4) 2003: 233-241
Magnetic hyperthermia in single-domain monodisperse FeCo nanoparticles: Evidences for Stoner-Wohlfarth behavior and large losses

We report on hyperthermia measurements on a colloidal solution of 14.2±1.5 nm monodisperse FeCo nanoparticles (NPs). Losses as a function of the magnetic field display a sharp increase followed by a plateau, which is what is expected for losses of ferromagnetic single-domain NPs. The frequency dependence of the coercive field is deduced from hyperthermia measurement and is in quantitative agreement with a simple model of noninteracting NPs. The measured losses (1.5 mJ/g) compare to the highest of the literature, although the saturation magnetization of the NPs is well below the bulk one.
Bayesian inversion of seismic attributes for geological facies using a Hidden Markov Model

Markov chain Monte-Carlo (McMC) sampling generates correlated random samples such that their distribution would converge to the true distribution only as the number of samples tends to infinity. In practice, McMC is found to be slow to converge, convergence is not guaranteed to be achieved in finite time, and detection of convergence requires the use of subjective criteria. Although McMC has been used for decades as the algorithm of choice for inference in complex probability distributions, there is a need to seek alternative approaches, particularly in high dimensional problems. Walker & Curtis (2014) developed a method for Bayesian inversion of two-dimensional spatial data using an exact sampling alternative to McMC which always draws independent samples of the target distribution. Their method thus obviates the need for convergence and removes the concomitant bias exhibited by finite sample sets. Their algorithm is nevertheless computationally intensive and requires large memory. We propose a more efficient method for Bayesian inversion of categorical variables, such as geological facies that requires no sampling at all. The method is based on a 2D Hidden Markov Model (2D-HMM) over a grid of cells where observations represent localized data constraining each cell. The data in our example application are seismic attributes such as P-and S-wave impedances and rock density; our categorical variables are the hidden states and represent the geological rock types in each cell – facies of distinct subsets of lithology and fluid combinations such as shale, brine-sand and gas-sand. The observations at each location are assumed to be generated from a random function of the hidden state (facies) at that location, and to be distributed according to a certain probability distribution that is independent of hidden states at other locations – an assumption referred to as localized likelihoods . The hidden state (facies) at a location cannot be determined solely by the observation at that location as it also depends on prior information concerning the spatial distribution of other hidden states elsewhere. The prior information is included in the inversion in the form of a training image which represents a
Default Risk Assessment of Tunisian SMEs: Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approaches

The default risk is a reality as well for the companies as for the economy of a country. This paper has highlighted the fact that in spite of the many incentives to promote Tunisian SMEs, creation of these companies remains below expectations. Thus, a study assessing the risk of failure is imperative. A multicriteria methodology of decision-making in a sample of 41 small and medium-sized enterprises used financing by the Tunisian Solidarity Bank (BTS) as one of the financial support structures relative to investment credits. The results showed that the application of a policy of caution (pessimistic procedure) in the granting of loans by the BTS is the main obstacle to the creation, development and sustainability of the Tunisian SMEs.