Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple & Single Document Summarization using DR-LINK

Our Tipster Phase III research objective for the Summarization task is to produce a single summary across multiple documents returned from a search on an information retrieval system. An established set of metrics to evaluate the performance of our system is not available in this field at present, so this research is also developing a procedure to evaluate the summaries we create. We hope to uncover useful metrics and evaluation variables that can be used by others working in this area.
Impact social networking service characteristics and audience' relationship experiences on the degree of acceptance

This study examined the SNS Factors and user awareness evaluate the relationship affect the degree of acceptance SNS. Additionally, the effect on the SNS uses the social media attributes and user relationship was confirmed what the critical factors applied. Through literature analysis, SNS characteristic factors were selected to interactivity and exchange views and usability, and relationship factors were selected the flow and attachment orientation. And these factors and verified the effect on the SNS also acceptable. It was accomplished by a regression analysis to achieve the purpose of research. results were as follows. First, the interactivity and exchange of ideas and useful characteristics had a significant impact on the SNS acceptance. Second, SNS relationship characteristic of flow and attached propensity has had a significant impact on the SNS acceptance. Third, SNS relationship factors are more influential than the SNS features a great degree of acceptance. These results will provide suggestions for necessary to have any experience as well as SNS should emphasize what characteristics you want the communicator to accommodate the height of SNS also allows the use of SNS users.
Predictive compact modeling of random variations in FinFET technology for 16/14nm node and beyond

Predictive compact models for two key variability sources in FinFET technology, the gate edge roughness (GER) and Fin edge roughness (FER), are proposed for the first time, and integrated into industry standard BSIM-CMG core model. Excellent accuracy and predictivity is verified through atomistic TCAD simulations. The inherent correlations between the variations of device electrical parameters are well captured. In addition, an abnormal non-monotonous dependence of variations on Fin-width is observed, which can be explained with the newly found correlation between random variations and electrostatic integrity in FinFETs. The impacts of GER and FER on circuits are efficiently predicted for 16/14nm node and beyond, providing helpful guidelines for variation-aware design and technology process development.
ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN KENYA: A CASE OF NAKURU COUNTY

Human resource planning practices are very crucial in all organizations. This study sought to analyze the role of human resource planning practices (specifically employee attraction and retention) on performance of Kenya’s County governments’ employees. This was against the backdrop of hue and cry from the members of the public regarding the underperformance of County governments’ employees. The study was conducted amongst employees of Nakuru County government attached to the County’s headquarters in Nakuru town, Kenya. The study employed descriptive research designs. The target population comprised of the 45 employees. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. A pilot test was conducted to assess reliability and validity of the research instrument. The data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. The study findings were presented in form of tables. It was established that employee attraction and retention (r = 0.415; p < 0.01) positively and moderately affect employee performance. It was recommended that County governments should offer their employees competitive remuneration terms and should also plan well for their future human resource needs.
Role of Dopamine in the Motivational and Cognitive Control of Behavior

Brain dopamine has often been implicated in impulsive and/or inflexible behaviors, which may reflect failures of motivational and/or cognitive control. However, the precise role of dopamine in such failures of behavioral control is not well understood, not least because they implicate paradoxical changes in distinct dopamine systems that innervate dissociable neural circuits. In addition, there are large individual differences in the response to dopaminergic drugs with some individuals benefiting from and others being impaired by the same drug. This complicates progress in the understanding of dopamine's role in behavioral control processes, but also provides a major problem for neuropsychiatry, where some individuals are disproportionately vulnerable to the adverse effects of dopamine-enhancing drugs on motivation and cognition. Recent progress is reviewed from cognitive and behavioral neuroscience research on motivation and cognitive control, which begins to elucidate the factors that mediate the complex roles of mesolimbic, mesocortical, and nigrostriatal dopamine in behavioral control. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(4):381–395, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/1073858408317009
DCL2 is highly expressed in the egg cell in both rice and Arabidopsis

Small RNAs are riboregulators that play critical roles in eukaryotic cells. They repress gene expression by acting either on DNA to guide sequence elimination and chromatin remodeling, or on RNA to guide cleavage and translation repression. Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa contain four and six DICER-LIKE (DCL) genes with specialized functions in small RNA biogenesis for RNA interference-related processes. We recently profiled genome-wide gene expression in egg and synergid cells in rice. In this article, we show that OsDCL2, OsDCL4, and OsHEN1 are preferentially expressed in the egg cell. In addition, we revealed that AtDCL2 is also preferentially expressed in the Arabidopsis egg cell. These findings suggest that small RNA pathways are activated in the egg cell in both rice and Arabidopsis. The activation of these pathways in the egg cell might be essential for egg cell maturation, fertilization, or embryogenesis.
Current Practices in Sedation and Analgesia for Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Patient-based Study

Background:The authors conducted a patient-based survey of practices to fully describe the assessment and the management of pain and sedation of a large cohort of mechanically ventilated patients during their first week of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Methods:A total of 1,381 adult patients were included in a prospective, observational study in 44 ICUs in France. Pain and sedation assessment, analgesic and sedative use, and analgesic management during procedural pain were collected on days 2, 4, and 6 of the ICU stay. Results:The observed rates of assessment on day 2 for sedation (43%) and analgesia (42%) were significantly smaller than that of use of sedatives (72%) and opioids (90%), also noted on days 4 and 6. The use of protocols/guidelines for sedation/analgesia in the ICU reduced the proportion of patients who were treated, although not evaluated. A large proportion of assessed patients were in a deep state of sedation (40–50%). Minor changes in the dosages of the main prescribed agents for sedation (midazolam, propofol) and analgesia (sufentanil, fentanyl, morphine, remifentanil) were found across 6 days of the patient’s ICU stay. Procedural pain was specifically managed for less than 25% of patients; during those procedures, the proportion of patients with pain significantly increased from the baseline pain evaluation. Conclusions:Excessively deep states of sedation and a lack of analgesia during painful procedures must be prevented. To facilitate systematic pain and sedation assessment and to adjust daily drug dosages accordingly, it seems crucial to promote educational programs and elaboration of protocols/guidelines in the ICU.
Estimating Market Power and Strategies of Automobile Industry in Iran (Saipa and Iran Khoddro Companies Case Studies)

Determining the structure of a market plays an important role for policy makers to adopt efficient policies to enhance social welfare of their societies. This welfare is fulfilled more and more whenever the industry is reached to a competitive framework. The Car maker industry is one of the important industries that create a considerable value added in terms of the pre and post production chains in all the countries. This industry is the second largest industry in Iran that uses about 600 thousands workers. Accordingly, this study first aims to estimate the strategies adopted by the dominant players of the industry, Iran Khodro and Saipa companies, based on a game-information theoretic framework and then measure the market power of them in accordance with the generalized maximum entropy estimator. The results show that the Lerner index value for Iran Khodro and Saipa is 0.67 and 0.49 respectively indicating that the two companies play an important role in the industry and the industry is so far from the competitive environment.
Study on the nano-crystalline Si embedded ZnO thin films for solar cell application

The characteristics of nano-crystalline silicon (nc-Si) embedded in Si-based dielectric matrix have been investigated extensively. However, these Si-based dielectric materials have the highly-resistive nature and difficulty in building up the built-in electric field, which limit the performances of nc-Si thin films for solar cell (SC) application. In this study, we propose to use ZnO as a new matrix material for the nc-Si thin films with better optoelectronic properties because of the unique characteristics of ZnO. We successfully demonstrate the formation of nc-Si embedded in ZnO thin films using a ZnO/Si multilayer (ML) structure by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method. From the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images, we clearly observe the amorphous Si (a-Si) nano-clusters after deposition and high density of nano-crystalline clusters after annealing in the ZnO/Si ML structure. From atomic force microscope (AFM) images, significant variations on the surface morphologies are observed under different Si sputtering powers (PSi) after deposition. The larger surface roughness and clearer formation of a-Si nano-clusters are observed for PSi higher than 75 W. Combined with the Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns, the results indicate that the sputtered Si atoms with higher PSi have more kinetic energy to aggregate together and are easier to form a-Si nano-clusters during deposition. Such morphology is helpful for the nc-Si formation and the better crystallization of the ZnO matrix during annealing. Thus, high density of nano-crystalline clusters is observed in the HRTEM images after annealing. Our experimental results show the nc-Si embedded ZnO thin film is certainly achievable, and a high conversion efficiency SC integrating nc-Si thin film with ZnO matrix can be expected.
Implementation and Test of a Fault-Tolerant Wheel Hub Drive System for an Electric Vehicle

In electric vehicles with wheel hub drives, fault tolerance of the drives is a desirable feature. This paper reports on design, implementation and tests of a fault tolerant multiphase wheel-hub drive system. Most suitable topologies of motor and converter are selected, and a model-based fault detection is described. In addition, the handling of faults in order to avoid unwanted braking or oscillating torque is discussed. The complete fault-tolerant wheel hub drive is tested on a test bench, and experimental results from a test in a concept car demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution.
Malicious Apps May Explore a Smartphone's Vulnerability to Detect One’s Activities

In order to make apps functional, mobile operating systems, such as Android, allow applications to access some system data without asking for user permission. We demonstrate that by analyzing these system data and some side channel information, it is possible to gain insight into a smartphone user's behavior, thus putting their privacy at risk. With these real-time privacy information collected, a malicious attacker may launch spear fishing attacks with much higher yield rates. In this paper, we study a combination of power consumption, network traffic, and memory usage of several commonly used activities, and demonstrated that it is possible to classify a user's smartphone activities into one of six classes. We designed several experiments to test the classification which resulted in high success rates. We also present the possibility of detecting transitions of smartphone activities.
Interactive system design and end-to-end optimization in sensor networks

This paper proposes an application oriented four layered quality of service (QoS) stack for wireless sensor networks (WSN), including a supporting system architecture for interacting with WSNs using the MPEG-21 multimedia framework in an medical application setting. The application of the WSNs is signal processing algorithms reporting elaborated observed sensor data to external users. The QoS model supports the tradeoff between end-users expected QoS combined with optimized energy consumption. The MPEG-21 standard is chosen as the media resource framework due to the fact that future hospitals will have networks comprising WSNs supporting an always increasing amount of both low rate medical sensor data as well as high rate audiovisual content. Furthermore due to the heterogeneous set of user terminals and network resources, media adaptation will become important to provide reliable and robust quality of service. In this paper, we argue for an extension of the MPEG-21 terminology for use in biomedical wireless sensor networks and incorporate the requirements needed for medical applications.
Assessment of the Public Knowledge on Community Service Sentence as an Alternative to Imprisonment

The aim of this study was to know the level of understanding/awareness of the public regarding Community Service sentence and suggest the better ways to make the public understand its benefits and participate in the implementation. 500 respondents were used in the study where by (300) respondents were Public members, (100) respondents were Community Service stakeholders (100) respondents were Offenders under Community Service. Data were collected using three methods which include: questionnaire, interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The analysis of quantitative data used SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science Studies) and then data was summarized and presented using frequency distribution tables and pie charts. Qualitative data was analyzed, identified and examined to identify major themes in relation to the interview questions. It was found that 70.7% of the respondents had no knowledge on alternative to imprisonment. However there are various challenges pointed out by the respondents which hinder the implementation of CS, they include: poor awareness on alternative to imprisonment, insufficient staff of Community service offices, poor attitude of the public towards CS and also mind set that offenders should be imprisoned. It is concluded that effective sensitization on Community Service Sentences is needed which will enable the public to have an understanding of what Community Service is as well as other alternative to imprisonment.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restore Lung Function by Recruiting Resident and Nonresident Proteins

Because human lungs are unlikely to repair or regenerate beyond the cellular level, cell therapy has not previously been considered for chronic irreversible obstructive lung diseases. To explore whether cell therapy can restore lung function, we administered allogenic intratracheal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the trachea of rats with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), a disease characterized by single or recurrent pulmonary thromboembolic obliteration and progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling. MSCs were retrieved only in high pressure-exposed lungs recruited via a homing stromal derived factor-1α/ CXCR4 pathway. After MSC administration, a marked and long-lasting improvement of all clinical parameters and a significant change of the proteome level were detected. Beside a variation of liver proteome, such as caspase-3, NF-κB, collagen1A1, and α-SMA, we also identified more than 300 resident and nonresident lung proteins [e.g., myosin light chain 3 (P16409) or mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (P15999)]. These results suggest that cell therapy restores lung function and the therapeutic effects of MSCs may be related to protein-based tissue reconstituting effects.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of buspirone during oral administration to children and adolescents with anxiety disorder and normal healthy adults

A 21‐day, open‐label, multisite, dose escalation study comprising three demographic groups (children, adolescents, and adults) was performed to determine the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of orally administered buspirone. Thirteen children and 12 adolescents with anxiety disorder and 14 normal healthy adults were escalated from 5 to 30 mg buspirone bid over the 3‐week study. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that buspirone was rapidly absorbed in all study groups, reaching peak levels at about 1 hour after administration. Peak plasma buspirone concentrations (Cmax) were highest in children and lowest in adults at all three dose levels (7.5, 15, 30 mg bid). However, 1‐pyrimidinylpiperazine (1‐PP), the primary metabolite of buspirone, exhibited a different plasma concentration‐time profile; Cmax was significantly higher in children than in either adolescents or adults at all concentrations. In addition, TAUC0‐T for 1‐PP was significantly higher in the children cohort relative to adolescents and adults. Buspirone was generally safe and well tolerated at doses up to 30mgbid in adolescents and adults and most of the children. The most frequently reported adverse events in children and adolescents were lightheadedness (68%), headache (48%), and dyspepsia (20%); 2 children withdrew from the study at the higher doses (15 mg and 30 mg bid) due to adverse effects. In adults, the most common adverse effect was somnolence (21.4%); lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were also reported, although these were mild in intensity.
Development and testing of an instrument to assess the Quality of Life of Children with Haemophilia in Europe (Haemo‐QoL)

Summary. In spite of an increased interest in the assessment of quality of life (QoL) in children, so far no instrument for children with haemophilia is available. Because of the low prevalence of the condition, such an instrument should also be cross‐culturally applicable. In the study presented, a (QoL) assessment instrument for children with haemophilia (the Haemo‐QoL questionnaire) was developed and tested in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom) for psychometric properties in 339 children with haemophilia and their parents. The Haemo‐QoL is a self‐reported questionnaire for children in the age ranges 4–7 (I: 21 items), 8–12 (II: 64 items), 13–16 years (III: 77 items) as well as for parent rating containing 9–11 subscales (depending on age‐group versions). Psychometric testing involved the examination of reliability and validity. The three age‐group versions of the Haemo‐QoL had acceptable internal consistency and retest reliability values, as well as possessing sufficient discriminant and convergent validity. However, in young children when compared to older children, these indicators were less satisfactory. The Haemo‐QoL full version is now available for children of three age groups and their parents and is ready for use in clinical research (http://www.haemoqol.org).
Compulsory licensing under South Africa’s National Water Act

ABSTRACT This article considers the statutory scheme for compulsory licensing in South Africa and examines its use in three case studies. Their evaluation reveals the complexity and time-consuming nature of the process. This, coupled with other challenges, particularly in relation to the achievement of equity (redress), is likely to result in the slow achievement of the National Water Act’s objectives through compulsory licensing. There are no realistic alternatives to licensing if the constitutionally required goal of equity is to remain critical.
Historical Vignette: Raynaud's Phenomenon as Perceived by Musculoskeletal Specialists (1862-1957)

Mycoplasma species are one of nature's most abundant groups of microbes. These bacteria inhabit a wide diversity of insect, plant, and animal species, including humans. Certain mycoplasma species have been identified in blood-sucking arthropods, including Ixodes ticks. Frequent human exposure to this genus of ticks led us to explore the possibility of tick-mediated transmission of these bacteria. We evaluated 7 residents of central New Jersey who developed fatigue, musculoskeletal symptoms, and cognitive disturbance after tick attachment. All 7 of these patients lacked both serological evidence and erythema migrans skin lesions characteristic of Lyme disease. We were able to amplify and quantitate Mycoplasma fermentans-specific DNA from their peripheral blood lymphocytes. After antimicrobial therapy, symptoms subsided, and M. fermentans DNA could no longer be detected in their blood specimens. These findings suggest that a subset of disseminated M. fermentans infections may be a vector-mediated process in humans and should be considered in patients with puzzling musculoskeletal presentations.
Role of Reduced Glutathione Efflux in Apoptosis of Immortalized Human Keratinocytes Induced by UVA*

We have investigated the role played by GSH efflux in apoptosis of human HaCaT keratinocytes induced by UVA irradiation. UVA irradiation of HaCaT cells caused a rapid rise in GSH efflux across the intact cell membrane, followed by an increase in apoptosis. GSH efflux was stimulated by glucose and was reduced by the addition of exogenous GSH and intracellular GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine, suggesting that GSH transport is active and is influenced by the GSH concentration gradient across the cell membrane. Verapamil and cyclosporin A, blockers of the multidrug resistance-associated protein, decreased UVA-induced GSH efflux. GSH efflux occurred within 2 h of UVA irradiation, suggesting that the stimulation of GSH efflux is due to an increase in the activity of pre-existing multidrug resistance-associated protein transporter carrier. Although inhibition of GSH efflux did not affect caspase activation and DNA fragmentation, it delayed the gradual increase in plasma membrane permeability and reduced phosphatidylserine translocation in HaCaT cells. It is therefore likely that upon UVA irradiation, GSH efflux increased the intracellular oxidative stress without intervention of reactive oxygen species, thus resulting in more phosphatidylserine externalization and membrane rearrangement. These provide targets for macrophage recognition and phagocytosis and thus minimize the potential to invoke inflammation or neoplastic transformation.