Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blood 15N:13C Enrichment Ratios Are Proportional to the Ingested Quantity of Protein with the Dual-Tracer Approach for Determining Amino Acid Bioavailability in Humans

ABSTRACT Background Assessment of amino acid bioavailability is of key importance for the evaluation of protein quality; however, measuring ileal digestibility of dietary proteins in humans is challenging. Therefore, a less-invasive dual stable isotope tracer approach was developed. Objective We aimed to test the assumption that the 15N:13C enrichment ratio in the blood increases proportionally to the quantity ingested by applying different quantities of 15N test protein. Methods In a crossover design, 10 healthy adults were given a semi-liquid mixed meal containing 25 g (low protein) or 50 g (high protein) of 15N-labeled milk protein concentrate simultaneous with 0.4 g of highly 13C–enriched spirulina. The meal was distributed over multiple small portions, frequently provided every 20 min during a period of 160 min. For several amino acids, the blood 15N- related to 13C-isotopic enrichment ratio was determined at t = 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min and differences between the 2 meals were compared using paired analyses. Results No differences in 13C AUC for each of the measured amino acids in serum was observed when ingesting a low- or high-protein meal, whereas 15N AUC of amino acids was ∼2 times larger on the high-protein meal (P < 0.001). Doubling the intake of 15N-labeled amino acids increased the 15N:13C ratio by a factor of 2.04 ± 0.445 for lysine and a factor between 1.8 and 2.2 for other analyzed amino acids, with only phenylalanine (2.26), methionine (2.48), and tryptophan (3.02) outside this range. Conclusions The amino acid 15N:13C enrichment ratio in the peripheral circulation increased proportionally to the quantity of 15N-labeled milk protein ingested, especially for lysine, in healthy adults. However, when using 15N-labeled protein, correction for, e.g., α-carbon 15N atom transamination is advised for determination of bioavailability of individual amino acids. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT02966704.
Neural origins of basal diencephalon in teleost fishes: Radial versus tangential migration

Teleost fish possess large lateral diencephalic regions such as the torus lateralis, the preglomerular area, and the diffuse nucleus of the hypothalamic inferior lobe. While their developmental origins traditionally were suggested to lie in diencephalic midline ventricular proliferative zones, more remote midbrain origins were reported recently. This review focuses on the preglomerular region and summarizes the data supporting three existing hypotheses on its developmental origins. The conclusion is that lateral torus, diffuse nucleus of hypothalamic inferior lobe, and preglomerular region are part of the diencephalon, but have a multiregional origin provided by both radially and tangentially migrating cells forming these regions in question.
Use of statins, amiodarone, direct oral anticoagulants and NSAIDs in chronic liver disease: a guide for general clinicians

Abstract Patients with chronic liver disease have associated comorbidities that require treatment, including cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, cerebrovascular accidents and pain. These medications may affect the liver disease. Due to the complexity of medical problems in patients with chronic liver disease, treating clinicians benefit from targeted guidance for their care.
Apoplastic Phloem Unloading in the Stem of Bean

Sucrose has been found in the apoplast of bean stems at a concentration of 25-60 raM with an axial concentration gradient in the appropriate direction for Miinch translocation. Removal of the epidermis from a 50 mm length of stem enabled the washout of labelled photosynthate from the apoplast. The rate of label washout was strongly dependent on temperature, and the rate increased on blockage of phloem pathways to the main sink for that assimilate. Washout did not reduce when the bathed tissue was plasmolyzed. We propose that sucrose is unloaded from the phloem into the apoplast, and a sucrose concentration is maintained there by a balance of sucrose uptake into sink tissue or reloading into the phloem. It is proposed that the apoplastic pool of photosynthate can act to buffer sudden changes in phloem contents when there are rapid changes in source-sink configuration.
Pregnancy, oral health and dental education: an overview on the northeast of Italy

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the level of knowledge of pregnant women and puerpers about oral health and prevention during and after gestation. Methods One hundred women aged 18–49 years (mean age 33±6 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. An anonymous questionnaire with 24 items related to oral health has been administered during or just after pregnancy. Firstly, answers have been analyzed on the full population and then subdividing the sample on the base of age ranges (G1: 18–25 years, G2: 26–35 years and G3: >35 years) and number of pregnancies (FP: first pregnancy; SP: second or more pregnancies). Parametric tests have been chosen for the statistical analysis; in particular, Anova test for independent samples was used to evaluate differences of baseline demographic characteristics among subgroups G1, G2, G3 while chi-square test was used for FP and SP subgroups. Anova test was also used to intercept differences on answers given to the questionnaire among G1, G2 and G3 group; for FP and SP group was used t-test. Results Level of information and knowledge of the full sample was medium-low and no significant differences have been observed between groups regarding awareness of the own level of the oral hygiene and knowledge of oral care. Conclusions Results of this survey underline the high necessity of educational programs regarding oral care in pregnant and puerpers women. A strict collaboration between medical figures (dentist, oral hygienist, gynecologist and obstetric) is strongly encouraged to spread the concept of prevention.
On the Relationship between Plant Hormones and Rice Blast Resistance

Plant hormones were tested for their effect on the occurrence of rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. , using a compatible race and cultivar combination. The degree of disease occurrence, as measured by the number of lesions or by the types of lesions, was suppressed by the treatment with auxins (2, 4-D, NAA, IAA), tryptophan or Ethrel (an ethylene releasing agent), whereas stimulated by the treatment with kinetin or abscisic acid (ABA). Gibberellin also tended to stimulate the occurrence of the disease with considerable elongation of the leaves and sheaths. The suppressive effect of IAA or Ethrel turned into stimulative by the combination with kinetin or ABA and the effect of IAA was also interfered by the combination with the antagonists of auxin. The number of lesions on the leaves treated by kinetin with Ethrel was more numerous than that was treated with kinetin alone. While the number of lesions on the leaves treated by ABA with IAA or Ethrel was fewer than that was treated with ABA alone. The lesions on the leaves were conspicuously of acute type after the treatment with kinetin and were of chronic type after the treatment with ABA. The relationship between plant hormones and resistance of rice plant to the rice blast disease was discussed. (Received February 18, 1980)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SLUG-PLANT INTERACTIONS IV. THE PERFORMANCE OF CYANOGENIC AND ACYANOGENIC MORPHS OF TRIFOLIUM REPENS IN THE FIELD

SUMMARY (1) The performance of cyanogenic and acyanogenic morphs of Trifolium repens (white clover) was investigated by means of a field experiment in which cuttings of both morphs were transplanted into a permanent grassland and observed for one year. (2) During the growing season (spring and summer), slightly more acyanogenic plants survived, and their rate of leaf and stolon production was slightly greater than that of cyanogenic plants. These differences were not apparent during the rest of the year. (3) Observations of leaf scars left by several herbivores showed that only molluscs consistently preferred the acyanogenic plants. Weevils appeared not to be deterred by cyanogenesis and sheep appeared to change their preference from one morph to the other at different times of the year. (4) There was damage by pathogens to the leaves of both morphs, but infection by the systemic rust Uromyces trifolii appeared almost exclusively on cyanogenic plants. This association of cyanogenesis and rust susceptibility was very marked in the field in which the studies were concentrated but was absent from another sampled field in the neighbourhood. (5) During the winter, frost damage caused tissue necrosis and death of leaflets; recordings for the early part of the winter showed that frost damage was significantly greater on the cyanogenic leaves. (6) Few of the transplanted cuttings flowered. Observations on plants growing naturally in the field showed that proportionately fewer cyanogenic plants flowered than acyanogenic ones. (7) The host of interacting factors observed suggest that mollusc grazing is only one of the several forces affecting the cyanogenesis polymorphism in white clover. The events responsible for this polymorphism seem to be more complex than can be accounted for simply by mollusc grazing or by any other single factor (for example, winter temperature). The ecological differences observed between the morphs of the single species Trifolium repens may be as significant as are those commonly found between different species growing together in the same area.
Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Growth Factors Improve the Meiotic and Developmental Competence of Cat Oocytes

In vitro embryo production has proven as potential tool for understanding factors involving developmental biology of embryos. This study aimed at examining the effects of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) on meiotic resumption and also on developmental competence of cat oocytes. Experiment 1 studied mRNA expression of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors (R) in cumulus cells. mRNA expression of LH receptor in cumulus cells after oocyte maturation was additionally examined. Experiment 2 examined the effect of different rhFSH concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 1 IU/ml) on meiotic competence. In vitro oocyte maturation without rhFSH served as the control group. The effects of ‘chosen-dose’ rhFSH in combination with rhLH and growth factors (IGF-1 and EGF) on developmental competence were tested in Experiment 3. Cumulus cells surrounding immature oocytes expressed mRNA of FSHR, EGFR and IGF1R, but not LHR. LHR was only expressed after in vitro maturation. All rhFSH concentrations significantly increased maturation rates of cat oocytes in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control group (p 0.05), but IGF-1 and EGF significantly promoted cleavage and blastocyst formation rates compared with rhFSH and rhFSH plus rhLH (p<0.05). It is concluded that cumulus cells express FSHR, LHR, EGFR and IGF1R. However, LHR mRNA was only expressed after in vitro maturation. Efficacy of FSH in meiotic resumption is in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of rhFSH and growth factors (IGF-1 or EGF) best improves cytoplasmic maturation of feline oocytes in terms of cleavage and blastocyst rates.
Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials

The word cryogenic originates from two Greek words: “Kryo”, which stands for very cold, and “genics”, which represents to produce. So, cryogenic treatment is a method, where material gets cooled to temperature below 0 °C (<273 K) to induce specific properties of the material . The common names for cryogenic treatment found in the literature are: Cryo, Cryo-treated, subzero, sub-zero, low temperatures treatment, ultra-low temperatures, cryogenics, cryogenic processing, cryoprocessing, cold treatment, cryogenically treated, cryogenating, cryogenic stress relief, cryogenic hardening, and cryogenic thermal cycling treatment . As various as the naming, also the applicability of cryogenic treatment is numerous, ranging from fabrication processes (3D printed objects , electrodes , welded joints etc.), down to material removal processes (grinding , drilling and milling ) and metal forming processes (manufacture of tools or components ). In last few years, applications of cryogenic treatment in nanosciences and nanotechnologies of metallic materials are used for automotive applications as a part of the heat transfer applications, where the main aim is to resolve the agglomeration of particles . The applications of cryogenic treatment have evolved throughout the last century, from treating whole components of a machine to individual part of tools or even specific nanomaterial structures for application or integration into other materials. Furthermore, nowadays interdisciplinary research has become more focused on cryogenic treatment to make an advance step in understanding of material manipulation with such treatment in different disciplines or industries, such as medicine, space, music and automotive industry .
Low back pain prevalence and risk factors among health workers in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Low back pain (LBP) has a major impact on health workers, and its prevalence and risk factors among them in Saudi Arabia have been investigated previously. However, the results have never been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the available literature to identify the prevalence and risk factors of LBP among health workers in Saudi Arabia.
Harvest Frequency and Nitrogen Effects on Yield, Chemical Characteristics, and Nutrient Removal of Switchgrass

Published in Agron. J. 106:1805–1816 (2014) doi:10.2134/agronj14.0129 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ABSTRACT
Impact of clustering in AODV routing protocol for wireless body area network in remote health monitoring system

Proper selection of routing protocol in transmitting and receiving medical data in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is one of the approaches that would help in ensuring high network performances. However, a continuous monitoring of health status through sensing of various vital body signals by multiple biosensors could produce a bulk of medical data and lead to the increase of network traffic. Occurrence of high traffic could result to network’s congestion which have high tendency to loss some of important (critical) data and cause longer delay that would lead to false diagnosis of diseases. In order to analyze and validate this issue, Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) which is known as reactive routing protocol is evaluated in WBAN scenario through varying number of nodes and clusters. The presence of clustering helps in reducing the burden of the sink nodes in handling high traffics. The network’s performances of this protocol are measured in terms of end to end delay, percentage packet loss, throughput and energy consumption using Network Simulator (NS-2). Based on the experimental results, the presence of cluster helps in improving network performances by achieving reduction in delay, packet loss and energy consumption. However, low throughput is achieved as number of clusters are increase due to low duty cycle of the nodes.
Variaciones culturales en el Valle de Lima durante la ocupación incaica

El presente trabajo busca dar cuenta de los profundos cambios culturales en el area de Lima, durante la conquista Inka. Partimos del estudio de uno de los centros urbanos mas importantes de ese periodo, conocido actualmente como Armatambo y del cementerio arqueologico denominado La Rinconada. Se precisan los elementos culturales caracteristicos del senorio Ichma, unidad politica que administraba la region de Lima antes de la llegada de los Incas y que goberno desde el centro religioso Pachacamac. En este contexto, segregaremos el material cultural de las poblaciones locales, en los sitios antes mencionados, para compararlos con los patrones culturales incaicos, y a partir de lo cual se establecen los rasgos basicos Ichma e Inka, expresados en la arquitectura, la presencia de elementos extra regionales, la ceramica y el patron funerario
SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT OF FACULTATIVELY CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC THIOBACILLI AND RELATED ORGANISMS IN CONTINUOUS CULTURE

The current opinion is that facultatively chemolithotrophic thiobacilli, sometimes referred to as “versatile” thiobacilli [ 11, often may have a significant ecological advantage over their more specialized counterparts, the obligately chernolithotrophic thiobacilli. It has been suggested that the presence of both inorganic and organic substrates in the natural environment would particularly favour growth of facultatively chemolithotrophic thiobacilli [ 2 3 ] . There exists, however, still too little direct experimental evidence to substantiate this point of view. Moreover only a very limited number of facultatively chemolithotrophic thiobacilli has been isolated in the past. This might be explained either by the fact that their occurrence in nature is very limited or by the lack of selective enrichment techniques, or by a combination of both. In a study on the ecological niche of facultatively chemolithotropic thiobacilli, we investigated Thiobacillus A2 during growth in pure and in mixed cultures under dual substrate limitation in the chemostat [4,5]. Under these conditions Thiobacillus A2 was found to be able to utilize inorganic and organic compounds simultaneously. The outcome of competition between Thiobacillus A2 and both a specialized Thiobacillus sp. and a specialized heterotroph was shown to depend on the concentration-ratio of the organic and inorganic substrate (acetate and thiosulfate, respectively) in the medium-reservoir of the chemostat [4]. Thiobacillus A2 dominated the mixed population over a large range of different mixtures of thiosulfate and acetate. At relatively high thiosulfateacetate ratios coexistence of Thiobacillus A2 and the specialized thiobacillus occurred, whereas at relatively low thiosulfate-acetate ratios Thiobacillus A2 coexisted with the specialized heterotroph. However, when the inflowing medium contained exclusively thiosulfate or acetate the specialized autotroph or heterotroph respectively, became dominant. These results clearly pointed to a possible ecological niche for facultatively chemolithotrophic thiobacilli, since in many environments growthlimiting concentrations of inorganic and organic energy sources may be available simultaneously [6,7]. The outcome of the competition experiments also implied that it should be possible to enrich for facultatively chemolithotrophic thiobacilli in continuous cultures in which growth is limited simultaneously by organic and reduced sulfur containing inorganic substrates. This paper reports the successful application of this method to isolate selectively these organisms from different fresh-water samples.
Photosynthesis light curves: a method for screening water deficit resistance in the model legume Medicago truncatula

The photosynthetic performance of two transgenic Medicago truncatula lines engineered for water deficit (WD) resistance and a non-transformed line was assessed in a growth chamber experiment in well-watered, WD and stress recovery conditions. Direct gas exchange measurements showed that the transgenic plants had lower photosynthetic rates under well-hydrated conditions when compared to the non-transformed line. Photosynthesis light curves confirmed this difference but more importantly showed a progressive change in photosynthetic behaviour with intensity of dehydration. Dehydration led to sharp decreases of maximum photosynthesis (A max ), photosynthetic apparent quantum yield (Φ) and apparent light compensation point. The recovery rates showed that all plant lines had a similar capacity to regain control photosynthetic values. Furthermore, results suggested that light was more limiting for photosynthesis than atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The results are discussed in terms of the use of photosynthesis light response curves as a non-destructive and expeditious approach to select M. truncatula transformants with improved WD resistance.
A temperature sensor with glucose sensor interface based on configurable incremental sigma delta ADC

: This paper presents a temperature sensor with glucose sensor interface based on con ﬁ gurable incremental sigma delta ( ΣΔ ) Analog-Digital-Converter (ADC). A current readout circuit is implemented based on the same ΣΔ modulator of the temperature sensor. New dynamic biasing scheme of inverter-based operational transconductance ampli ﬁ er (OTA) is proposed to improve the settling time of the biasing voltages. This design was fabricated using 0.13 µm CMOS process. Compared with the traditional circuit, this circuit reduced the chip area by 25%. According to the test results, when the temperature changes from 20°C to 50°C, the temperature sensor inaccuracy is ² 0.15 °C and the ADC achieves 9.3 e ﬀ ective number of bits (ENOB) with 3 µW power consumption.
Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis

Climate change is likely to have a significant impact on both target and non-target marine stocks worldwide, with the concomitant need for management strategies capable of sustaining fishing in future. We use several southern hemisphere fisheries to highlight the likely impacts of climate change at a range of levels, from individual to population responses, as well as ecosystem ramifications. Examples span polar (Antarctic krill fishery), temperate (west coast pelagic fishery, abalone and rock lobster), and tropical (Torres Strait rock lobster) commercially important fisheries. Responses of these fisheries to either past observed environmental changes or projected future changes are used to deduce some anticipated implications of climate change for fisheries management, including economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climate-related changes. Non-spatial stock assessment models will have limited ability to separate fishery effects from the impacts of climate change. Anthropogenic climate change is occurring at a time-scale relevant to current fisheries management strategic planning and testing. Adaptive management frameworks (with their feedback loops) are ideal for detecting and adapting to changes in target stocks.