Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remodeling‐ and Modeling‐Based Bone Formation With Teriparatide Versus Denosumab: A Longitudinal Analysis From Baseline to 3 Months in the AVA Study

There has been renewed interest of late in the role of modeling‐based formation (MBF) during osteoporosis therapy. Here we describe early effects of an established anabolic (teriparatide) versus antiresorptive (denosumab) agent on remodeling‐based formation (RBF), MBF, and overflow MBF (oMBF) in human transiliac bone biopsies. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis received subcutaneous teriparatide (n = 33, 20 μg/d) or denosumab (n = 36, 60 mg once/6 months), open‐label for 6 months at 7 US and Canadian sites. Subjects received double fluorochrome labeling at baseline and before biopsy at 3 months. Sites of bone formation were designated as MBF if the underlying cement line was smooth, RBF if scalloped, and oMBF if formed over smooth cement lines adjacent to scalloped reversal lines. At baseline, mean RBF/bone surface (BS), MBF/BS, and oMBF/BS were similar between the teriparatide and denosumab groups in each bone envelope assessed (cancellous, endocortical, periosteal). All types of formation significantly increased from baseline in the cancellous and endocortical envelopes (differences p < 0.001) with teriparatide (range of changes 2.9‐ to 21.9‐fold), as did MBF in the periosteum (p < 0.001). In contrast, all types of formation were decreased or not significantly changed with denosumab, except MBF/BS in the cancellous envelope, which increased 2.5‐fold (difference p = 0.048). These data highlight mechanistic differences between these agents: all 3 types of bone formation increased significantly with teriparatide, whereas formation was predominantly decreased or not significantly changed with denosumab, except for a slight increase in MBF/BS in the cancellous envelope. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Error Management in Emergency Surgery and Music: Fight, Flight, or Freeze.

mental overload. Playing together with other instruments necessarily needs to be done with a high level of attention to many different variables for long periods of time. One fundamental variable that Dr Martellucci didn’t consider is the outof-tune instruments and out-of-time musicians. In fact, in ordinary surgical practice, the out-of-tune instruments are more easily correctable than in emergency and trauma operations. During emergencies, the real capacity to play and improvise emerges unmasked. Moreover, the lead instrument has to cover the out-of-tune keys of the other instruments and the musicians who are not able to improvise on that melody. No second try will be given for that occasion. This, in our opinion, really makes emergency and trauma surgery a hard jazz solo.
The Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis

In an era of declining incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in developed countries, the interest and specific knowledge of physicians about this rare disease entity is rapidly vanishing. In Switzerland, for example, on average only 1 out of 20 physicians has seen 1 of the 764 cases of active TB in 1996 [1]! The relatively low incidence of TB (Switzerland for example, 11 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 1996) in developed countries contrasts sharply with the international TB situation: the World Health Organization has recently estimated that during the decade 1990 through 1999, approximately 90 million new cases of TB will occur worldwide [2]. The annual risk of TB infection (i.e. annual tuberculin skin test conversion from negative to positive, indicating recent TB infection) is as high as 1.5– 2.5% in some parts of Africa, 1–2% in Asia and 0.5–1.5% in Latin America. In Swiss schoolchildren, the risk of infection was estimated on the basis of tuberculin skin test surveys to be less than 0.1% per year in 1992/93 [3]. The number of new TB cases per 100,000 per year varies between 30 for Europe and 146 for Southeast-Asia [2]. In Switzerland, it was 8 per 100,000 among Swiss citizens, 25 among foreign-born residents and 121 among asylum seekers in 1994. In 1996, the number of TB cases among foreigners constituted 52.4% of all cases, as in other European countries with strong immigration from countries with high TB incidence [4].
Trigeminal Projections to the Dorsal Thalamus in a Lacertid Lizard, Podarcis hispanica

Trigeminothalamic projections in the lizard Podarcis hispanica were investigated by means of biotinylated dextranamine (BDA) injections into different nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. Previous studies of lizards found a projection from the sensory trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem to the nuclei ventromedialis and ventrolateralis of the ventral thalamus. The present results show that, in addition to these projections to ventral thalamic nuclei, neurons of the nucleus of the descending tract and the principal sensory nucleus project contralaterally to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis thalami and bilaterally to the nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami of the dorsal thalamus. The contralateral projection to the nucleus dorsolateralis anterior is more developed than its ipsilateral counterpart and appears to be topographically organized. Since the nucleus dorsolateralis thalami has ascending projections to the cortex telencephali, this nucleus may be the thalamic relay of trigeminal sensory information to the telencephalon.
The performance study of NLMS algorithm for acoustic echo cancellation

We provide the performance Study of NLMS Algorithm for audio echo termination. The AEC (Acoustic Echo Cancellation) has been completed based on their convergence rate, MSE (Mean Square Error), steady state ERLE (Echo Return Loss Enhancement) and computational difficulty. The results explain the NLMS (Normalized Least Mean Square) algorithm comes with increased convergence rate whereas controlling minimal computational difficulty. It may be displayed as permitting the attenuation value along with the integer of replication functions; it's the obvious choice useful for the real location AEC system.
Aminoglycoside resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis results from convergent evolution in the mexZ gene

Rationale Aminoglycoside (AG) resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with poorer clinical outcomes and is usually due to overexpression of the efflux pump MexXY. MexXY is regulated by mexZ, one of the most commonly mutated genes in CF P. aeruginosa isolates. Little is known about the evolutionary relationship between AG resistance, MexXY expression and mexZ mutations. Objectives To test the hypothesis that AG resistance in P. aeruginosa develops in parallel with higher MexXY expression and mexZ mutations. Methods CF P. aeruginosa isolates were compared for chronically infected (CI) adults, CI children and children with new infection. Measurements One P. aeruginosa isolate from each patient was analysed for mexZ mutations, mexY mRNA expression and amikacin resistance. Main results 56 patients with CF were enrolled: 21 children with new P. aeruginosa infection, 18 CI children and 17 CI adults. Amikacin resistance and mexY mRNA expression were higher in cohorts with longer P. aeruginosa infection. The prevalence of non-conservative mexZ mutations was 0%, 33% and 65% in children with new infection, CI children and CI adults, respectively. The same trend was seen in the ratio of non-conservative to non-synonymous mexZ mutations. Of isolates with non-conservative mexZ mutations, 59% were amikacin-resistant compared with 18% of isolates with non-synonymous mutations. The doubling rate of amikacin resistance and non-conservative mexZ mutations was approximately 5 years. Conclusions P. aeruginosa mexZ mutations undergo positive selection resulting in increased mexY mRNA expression and amikacin resistance and likely play a role in bacterial adaption in the CF lung.
A depth perception evaluation metric for immersive 3D video services

Burgeoning advances in 3 Dimensional (3D) video services provide a big leap on the proliferation of the investigations for developing reliable and competent perceptual 3D video Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics. This proliferation can only be supported by exploiting key features characterizing 3D video nature in these investigations. In this paper, a Reduced Reference (RR) metric is developed considering that the spatial resolution and perceptually significant depth level are two effective features for efficiently evaluating depth perception of the 3D video. In order to determine the perceptually significant depth levels in the depth map sequences, abstraction filter is exploited in the development of the proposed metric. Owing to the fact that the depth perception significantly differs for the depth map sequences having dissimilar relative depth levels, this feature is also incorporated with the proposed metric through normalized standard deviation. Structural SIMilarity metric (SSIM) is utilized to predict the depth perception degraded with the change in the perceptually important levels of the compressed depth maps having dissimilar spatial resolutions and relative depth levels. The performance assessment of the proposed RR metric proves the effectiveness of the proposed metric for ensuring immersive 3D video services.
Neuroevolution for effective information security training

Information security related training is extremely important nowadays for various organizations. But for the trainer, it is difficult to know the existing skill levels of trainees in information security area and their expectations from the training. As a result, to decide the time allocation for each level of training also becomes a difficult task for the trainer. To solve this challenge, present work proposes neuroevolution based algorithm. The algorithm can also be useful for online training or web service/mobile app based training. The trainer needs to execute the algorithm in pre-training time and based on the result he/she can adjust or modify training content and time allocation for each training level.
HLAMatchmaker is effective for selecting appropriate platelet units for alloimmunised thrombocytopaenic patients who are refractory to random donor platelets

HLAMatchmaker has been used in the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS) to select platelets for HLA‐alloimmunised, platelet refractory thrombocytopaenic patients since 2006. Although available since 2002, only three studies have been published supporting the programme's effectiveness for this indication.
Multimodal imaging patterns predict survival in recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab.

BACKGROUND Bevacizumab is a humanized antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor approved for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. There is a need to discover imaging biomarkers that can aid in the selection of patients who will likely derive the most survival benefit from bevacizumab. METHODS The aim of the study was to examine if pre- and posttherapy multimodal MRI features could predict progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) for patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab. The patient population included 84 patients in a training cohort and 42 patients in a testing cohort, separated based on pretherapy imaging date. Tumor volumes of interest were segmented from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images and were used to derive volumetric, shape, texture, parametric, and histogram features. A total of 2293 pretherapy and 9811 posttherapy features were used to generate the model. RESULTS Using standard radiographic assessment criteria, the hazard ratio for predicting OS was 3.38 (P < .001). The hazard ratios for pre- and posttherapy features predicting OS were 5.10 (P < .001) and 3.64 (P < .005) for the training and testing cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION With the use of machine learning techniques to analyze imaging features derived from pre- and posttherapy multimodal MRI, we were able to develop a predictive model for patient OS that could potentially assist clinical decision making.
Enterprise system lifecycles in transition and less developed economies within the European Union

ABSTRACT We analyze the lifecycle of enterprise systems (ES) in one transition (Poland) and two less developed economies (Greece and Portugal), all of them members of the European Union (EU). This study, involving practitioners with an accumulated experience of more than 280 projects, enables the comprehension of the approach to phases, activities, and the relevance of key players throughout the lifecycle. We found differences and similarities across these parameters that suggest that the traditional partition into “developed” and “transition” economies may be too simplistic, as the level of development of the economy should be taken into account. The main findings suggest that practitioners from less developed economies attach significant importance to technical issues, and adopters in transition economies strongly depend on external help. Although not directly transferrable, our results point to issues that should be taken into consideration when adopting or studying ES in countries with similar traits, such as Ukraine and Belarus in Central and Eastern Europe, or more recent EU member states, such as Croatia, Bulgaria, or Romania.
A Module Located at a Chromosomal Integration Hot Spot Is Responsible for the Multidrug Resistance of a Reference Strain from Escherichia coli Clonal Group A

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli clonal group A (CGA) commonly exhibits a distinctive multidrug antimicrobial resistance phenotype—i.e., resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim (ACSSuTTp)—and has accounted for up to 50% of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli urinary tract infections in some locales. Annotation of the whole-genome sequencing of UMN026, a reference CGA strain, clarified the genetic basis for this strain's ACSSuTTp antimicrobial resistance phenotype. Most of the responsible genes were clustered in a unique 23-kbp chromosomal region, designated the genomic resistance module (GRM), which occurred within a 105-kbp genomic island situated at the leuX tRNA. The GRM is characterized by numerous remnants of mobilization and rearrangement events suggesting multiple horizontal transfers. Additionally, comparative genomic analysis of the leuX tRNA genomic island in 14 sequenced E. coli genomes showed that this region is a hot spot of integration, with the presence/absence of specific subregions being uncorrelated with either the phylogenetic group or the pathotype. Our data illustrate the importance of whole-genome sequencing in the detection of genetic elements involved in antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, this is the first documentation of the blaTEM and dhfrVII genes in a chromosomal location in E. coli strains.
Effect of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival in patients with bladder cancer: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been shown to improve survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who underwent radical cystectomy as compared with patients who underwent surgery alone. It has also been suggested as current standard of care in surgically-fit patients with MIBC. This meta-analysis assessed the effect of cisplatin-based NAC on survival in patients with bladder cancer. SOURCE PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase were searched until November 22, 2016. Two-arm randomized controlled trials that compared cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus local treatment versus the same local treatment without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected. Patients with histologically-confirmed bladder cancer (adenocarcinoma, transitional, or squamous-cell carcinoma) were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Of the 292 articles initially identified, 14 were included in the final analysis. Patients in the NAC group had similar OS as the local treatment (i.e., radiation therapy or cystectomy) group (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84 to 1.00, P=0.056). No difference in progress-free survival between two groups was observed (P=0.725). Subgroup analysis showed that OS was similar in patients treated with NAC plus radiotherapy or cystectomy compared with patients who received local treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Platinum-based NAC was associated with similar survival benefit as patients undergoing cystectomy and/or radiotherapy. No conclusion can be drawn about the optimal platinum-based combination to be used in the neoadjuvant setting.
Ectopic expression of BdCIPK31 confers enhanced low-temperature tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants

Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), the Ca2+ sensor, and its interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play essential roles in plants' response to stress. However, few studies have focused on the functions of CIPKs in low-temperature response. In the present study, BdCIPK31, a cold-responsive CIPK in Brachypodium distachyon, was found to participate in low-temperature response. Ectopic expression of BdCIPK31 conferred cold tolerance in transgenic tobaccos. Further analyses indicated that expression of BdCIPK31 improved ROS detoxication and omsoprotectant biosynthesis in transgenic plants under low-temperature treatment, suggesting that the BdCIPK31 functions positively in plant adaption to the cold-induced oxidative and osmotic stresses. Moreover, BdCIPK31 could upregulate the expressions of some representative stress-related genes under cold stress. In conclusion, these findings suggest that BdCIPK31 functions positively in plant cold response.
Competing superconducting channels in iron pnictides from the strong coupling theory with biquadratic spin interactions

We study the symmetry and strength of the superconducting pairing in a two-orbital t−J1−J2−K model for iron pnictides using the slave boson strong coupling approach. We show that the nearest-neighbor biquadratic interaction −K(S→i⋅S→j)2 strongly affects the superconducting pairing phase diagram by promoting the dx2−y2 B1g and the sx2+y2 A1g channels. The resulting phase diagram consists of several competing pairing channels, including the isotropic s± A1g channel, an anisotropic dx2−y2 B1g channel, and two s+id pairing channels. We have investigated the evolution of superconducting states with electron doping, and find that the biquadratic interaction plays a crucial role in stabilizing the s+id and even pure d-wave pairing in the heavily electron- and hole-doped regimes. In addition, we identify a novel orbital-B1g pairing channel, which has a s-wave form factor but a B1g symmetry. This channel has a comparable pairing amplitude to the d-wave pairing, and may strongly influence the superconducting gap anisotropy of the system in the overdoped regime. These findings are crucial in understanding the doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy observed by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy in the iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides, including the heavily K-doped BaFe2As2 and K-doped FeSe films.
Adaptation to stimulus orientation in mouse primary visual cortex

Information processing in the visual system is shaped by recent stimulus history, such that prolonged viewing of an adapting stimulus can alter the perception of subsequently presented test stimuli. In the tilt‐after‐effect, the perceived orientation of a grating is often repelled away from the orientation of a previously viewed adapting grating. A possible neural correlate for the tilt‐after‐effect has been described in cat and macaque primary visual cortex (V1), where adaptation produces repulsive shifts in the orientation tuning curves of V1 neurons. We investigated adaptation to stimulus orientation in mouse V1 to determine whether known species differences in orientation processing, notably V1 functional architecture and proportion of tightly tuned cells, are important for these repulsive shifts. Unlike the consistent repulsion reported in other species, we found that repulsion was only about twice as common as attraction in our mouse data. Furthermore, adapted responses were attenuated across all orientations. A simple model that captured key physiological findings reported in cats and mice indicated that the greater proportion of broadly tuned neurons in mice may explain the observed species differences in adaptation.
Nuclear Calcium: Transfer to and from the Cytosol

Although the cell nucleus is known to control much of cell function, little is known as to the mediator of such function. Recent evidence has suggested that Ca2+ may be responsible for the regulation of many nuclear events. Early investigations have reported that the nucleus may be able to control its calcium function independently of the adjacent cytosol. IP3 and IP4 may act as regulators of nuclear Ca2+ independently or in parallel with the cytosol. This paper examines the current state of knowledge regarding nuclear calcium regulation. Additionally, a model for this regulation is proposed.
VANET: Vehicle to vehicle communication using moving zone based routing protocol

Vehicle — to — Vehicle communication is more emerging wireless communication application area networks. VANET is the most difficult and flexible communication network architecture. The application of VANET is to give better safety environment when vehicles are moving with high speed on the highways. In VANET each node is in dynamic nature, due to this nature finding an optimal position of the node and efficient communication way is a most challenging task. Routing protocols are significance functional parameter of the VANET, where the application of particular routing method is responsible of vehicular communication. The proposed paper is mainly concentrated on position based path estimation routing method. A distance based method of routing algorithm is used to find the efficient path in the nodes so that every node can get a flexible communication path between the nodes. The expected possible outcome simulation explains that application on Moving object Zone (MoZo) based routing protocol present a better packet delivery ratio.
A novel mechanism for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II targeting to L-type Ca2+ channels that initiates long-range signaling to the nucleus

Neuronal excitation can induce new mRNA transcription, a phenomenon called excitation–transcription (E-T) coupling. Among several pathways implicated in E-T coupling, activation of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) in the plasma membrane can initiate a signaling pathway that ultimately increases nuclear CREB phosphorylation and, in most cases, expression of immediate early genes. Initiation of this long-range pathway has been shown to require recruitment of Ca2+-sensitive enzymes to a nanodomain in the immediate vicinity of the LTCC by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that activated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) strongly interacts with a novel binding motif in the N-terminal domain of CaV1 LTCC α1 subunits that is not conserved in CaV2 or CaV3 voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subunits. Mutations in the CaV1.3 α1 subunit N-terminal domain or in the CaMKII catalytic domain that largely prevent the in vitro interaction also disrupt CaMKII association with intact LTCC complexes isolated by immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, these same mutations interfere with E-T coupling in cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our findings define a novel molecular interaction with the neuronal LTCC that is required for the initiation of a long-range signal to the nucleus that is critical for learning and memory.