Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of sensory quality of strawberry jam by means of sensory quality attributes of fresh fruits

Sensory analysis was performed on fresh fruits, frozen non-cooked jam and traditionally cooked jam of 14 strawberry cultivars. The purpose was to characterise and compare the sensory quality of different strawberry cultivars and different types of jam. The results of the investigation were presented by means of multivariate modelling methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS). The sensory profile of cooked jam differed from that of fresh fruits and frozen jam, explaining 75% of the total variation in the first component. Cooked jam scored high for sweet taste, stickiness, bitter taste, earthy flavour, off-flavour and total intensity of taste. Frozen jam had many of the same sensory characteristics as fresh fruits and scored high for strawberry flavour, fruity flavour and whiteness, while fresh fruits scored highest for colour strength, hue and sour taste. As analysed by means of PLS, sensory colour and flavour variables of fresh fruits were able to predict 35% of sensory cooked jam variables. Analysing early cultivars alone, sensory fresh fruit variables were able to predict 69% of sensory cooked jam variables. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurements of Depositional Ice Nucleation on Insoluble Substrates at Low Temperatures: Implications for Earth and Mars†

Heterogeneous depositional nucleation of ice particles may dominate in atmospheric regions with very low temperatures, where low vapor pressures and insoluble nuclei would be expected. However, depositional ice nucleation has not been studied extensively at temperatures below 200 K and not at all below 170 K. Here, we show results of a study of heterogeneous depositional nucleation of ice on a solid silicon substrate at temperatures from 150 to 180 K. The results presented herein demonstrate an unexpected temperature dependence in which very high critical supersaturations are required to nucleate ice at T ≤ 180 K. The vapor pressures necessary for nucleation below 175 K are greater than the vapor saturation for supercooled liquid water. The temperature dependence observed is not predicted by classical heterogeneous nucleation theory, when assuming a temperature-independent contact parameter, m. Here, we use our new measurements in combination with previously published data to derive a temperature-dependen.
Unraveling the caspase-mediated mechanism for phloroglucinol-encapsulated starch biopolymer against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231

The main objective of the study is to decipher the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of phloroglucinol-encapsulated starch biopolymer against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. An MTT assay confirmed that MDA-MB-231 cells are highly susceptible to treatment with the biopolymer in a dose-dependent manner. Morphological evidence by fluorescence staining revealed chromatin condensation, nuclear beading and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. DNA fragmentation and cell cycle analysis confirm the progression of apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed increased levels of pro-apoptotic genes such as those for caspase-3, 8 and 9. Western blotting analysis was done to substantiate the caspase-3 and 8 expressions in an efficient execution of apoptosis. To conclude, the controlled release of the polyphenolic compound phloroglucinol from starch induces cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
Potential nitrogen immobilization as influenced by available carbon in Japanese arable and forest soils

Abstract Microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization following the addition of organic materials to soils regulates soil N availability, which affects plant growth and N leaching from soils. In this study, the potential for microbial N immobilization was evaluated by short-term incubation experiments following the addition of available carbon (C) under non-limiting conditions of N and phosphorus (P) to seven Japanese arable and forest soils. Glucose was added as a model substrate at concentrations close to microbial biomass C. The forest soils had lower pH and smaller increases in respiration rates after the glucose addition, and higher organic and biomass C compared to the arable soils. Microbial N immobilization, estimated by net decreases in extractable N, was significantly correlated with the concentrations of added glucose and was on average 43 mg N g−1 glucose C during 3- and 7-day incubation for all soils. Net increases in biomass N measured by the chloroform fumigation-extraction method using the common conversion factor of 0.54 at 3 and 7 days after the glucose addition were lower than the microbial N immobilization for all soils, and the biomass N accounted for a smaller portion of immobilized N in the arable soils than in the forest soils. Therefore, the present study suggests that microbial N immobilization would be dependent on the concentrations of available C in organic materials and higher than the increases in biomass N, especially for arable soils when organic materials are added to soils under non-limiting conditions of N and P.
Infrared‐laser‐induced unimolecular reactions

Photochemistry, which deals with the way in which chemical reactions are induced or altered by the presence of photons, has been a very active branch of science for many years. Although visible and ultraviolet photons, by giving rise to excited electronic states, have the most pronounced effects, much attention in recent years has gone to infrared photochemistry. Molecules irradiated with a powerful electromagnetic wave in the infrared remain in the electronic ground state (in the Born–Oppenheimer sense), but their vibrational modes may become highly excited. As a result, infrared‐laser radiation often profoundly affects chemical reaction rates.
The Effect of Solvent Casting Condition on the Electrochemical Properties of Nafion/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Copolymer Blends for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

A blend (Nafion/PVdF copolymer) membrane with high proton conductivity and low Nafion contents is prepared for the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The composition in the blend membrane is fixed by the PVdF copolymer/Nafion ratio (80/20, w/w). The proton conductivity of the blend membrane is controlled by the pores in the membrane and by the solvents. The pores are generated by the phase separation in the blend membrane when acetone is used as a co-solvent. The pores enhance the proton conductivity of the blend membrane because they allow a much higher water uptake. The mechanical strength of the fully hydrated blend membrane can be sustained for DMFC applications because most of the water is captured in the pores by the strong hydrophobicity of PVdF. Moreover, the cell using the blend membrane (A8020) shows good performance because of the increased interfacial adhesion between the electrodes and the blend membrane. This result indicates that the blend membrane (PVdF/Nafion) has enhanced interfacial stability with the electrodes.
Evaluation of the DNS method for analysing lignocellulosic hydrolysates

The dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method gives a rapid and simple estimation of the extent of saccharification by measuring the total amount of reducing sugars in the hydrolysate. However, it is subject to interference by citrate buffer and other substances and by the differing reactivities of the various reducing sugars. These interferences become more apparent when complex substrates such as sugar cane bagasse are employed. The paper also shows how the DNS method can be adapted for use on a Technicon Autoanalyser.
Calibration of a Linear Free Energy Estimation Approach for Estimating Stability Constants for Metal-Bacterial Surface Complexes

In this study, we use the measured extent of metal adsorption onto bacterial cells to constrain a linear free energy relationship that allows estimation of unknown stability constants for metal-bacterial surface complexes based on the value of corresponding aqueous metal-acetate stability constants. A previous study (Fein et al., 2001) used metal adsorption experiments to constrain a similar relationship, but the experiments were conducted using acid-washed bacteria, and subsequent evidence (Borrok et al., 2004a) shows that the acid-washing step affects the extent of adsorption of a number of metals onto bacterial surfaces. We measured the adsorption of Zn, Ni, Co, Sr, and Nd onto Bacillus subtilis in 0.1 M NaClO4 as a function of pH and metal:bacterial site ratio, using a non-electrostatic discrete four-site model of the bacterial protonation reactions as a basis for the metal adsorption modeling. The adsorption of the divalent cations (Zn, Ni, Co, and Sr) could best be modeled by considering adsorption reactions involving three sites on the bacterial surface; we used a one-site model to account for the Nd data that covered a more restricted pH range. The calculated stability constants for metal-Site 2 bacterial surface complexes are used to re-calibrate the linear free energy relationship previously defined by Fein et al. (2001). There is a significant difference between the original and the re-calibrated lines for weakly binding cations such as Sr2 +, but the difference becomes negligible for the stronger-binding cations. Because the linear free energy relationship defined in this study was calibrated from experiments that involved bacteria that were not exposed to acidic conditions, the estimated stability constant values that result from using this relationship are likely to reasonably reflect bacterial adsorption behaviors that occur in realistic geologic settings.
Ultrafast Intramolecular Electron Transfer Studied by Picosecond and Stationary Raman Spectroscopy

Ultrafast photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer (ET) of betaine-30 (B-30) is studied in different solvents by resonance Raman spectroscopy. We apply stationary and picosecond time-resolved Raman techniques combined with ab initio Hartree–Fock calculations. Picosecond Raman spectroscopy of the first excited singlet state allows to monitor changes of vibrational frequencies due to ET. From the intense Raman lines of the stationary resonance Raman spectra we predict relevant geometric changes of B-30 due to ET which are confirmed by calculations of geometrical changes between the ground and excited electronic states of B-30. The torsional motion between the phenolate and the pyridinium rings as well as nitrogen pyramidalization play an essential role in electron transfer. Vibrational modes accepting the bulk of excess energy after back-electron transfer are identified by time-resolved anti-Stokes resonance Raman spectroscopy. In particular, the highest-frequency mode of the resonance Raman spectrum e.
Optimized density functionals from the extended G2 test set

A recently suggested procedure for the systematic optimization of gradient-corrected exchange-correlation functionals [A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 8554 (1997)] has been applied to the extended G2 test set [L. A. Curtiss et al., J. Chem. Phys. 106, 1063 (1997)], which consists of the standard heats of formation of 148 molecules. The limit of reproduction of the experimental data in this test set is found to be 1.78 kcal/mol mean absolute error, with a maximum of 8.89 kcal/mol error for the ozone molecule. This compares rather well with previous results for G2 theory itself (1.58 and 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively). We show that fair stability can be obtained by our optimization procedure.
The Classical Equation of State of Gaseous Helium, Neon and Argon

The deviations from the equation of state for perfect gases which are observed in all known gases result from the interactions of their constituent atoms or molecules. The excess pressures observed at all but the lowest temperatures show that the dominating factor is the strong repulsion between atoms at close renge, due to the interpentration of complete electron shells. Little is known about these repulsions, and that is readily summarized. Between atoms with spherically symmetrical distributions it is likely that the repulsive potential is accurately represented by a function P(r)e-r/p , (1) Where r is separation of the atomic nuclei and P(r) a polynomial in r . Quantum theoretical calculations made by Slater (1928) for helium atoms (with a closed shell of two electrons) and by Bleick and Mayer (1934) for neon atoms (with a closed shell of eight electrons) show that an adequate expression may sometimes be obtained if the polynomial is replaced by a constant. Some confirmation of this (though over a very restricted range of r ) is given by Born and Mayer (1932) and Huggins (1937), whose work on ionic cubic crystals shows that their elastic properties are admirably correlated when the repulsive potential of two ions of rare gas type is represented by an exponential function be-r/p , with a range of about one atomic diameter.
Recent Advances in the Development of Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands

The existence of two distinct sigma (s) receptor subtypes was established in the early 1990s. Sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors(S1RsandS2Rs,respectively)wereshowntopossessdistinctmolecularsize,anatomicaldistribution,andligand discrimination. S2R is overexpressed in numerous human cancers, and has therapeutic potential for the imaging and treatment of certain tumours. In contrast, S1R is more broadly involved in a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including motor disorders, memory deficits, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, pain, drug addiction, and many more. Since the human S1R was cloned in 1996, numerous high affinity ligands with excellent selectivity for S1R have been developed. This review focuses on recent developments in the generation of structurally diverse S1R-selective ligands and novel therapeutic candidates targeting S1Rs.
Oral Bioaccessibility and Leaching: Tests for Soil Risk Assessment

A set of test methods for estimating the risk for human health (oral bioaccessibility tests) and groundwater (leaching tests) was applied to contaminated soils from three sites with different sources of contamination. The bioaccessible soil concentrations of the contaminants cadmium, lead, nickel, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene were considerably lower than the total concentrations. The leached concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cadmium and nickel were below the EU drinking water and Danish groundwater criteria, whereas the leached lead concentrations were below the drinking water criteria but above the groundwater criteria. Based upon the test results, a risk assessment of the soils with respect to human health (oral exposure) and groundwater was established that reflected a reduced availability and mobility of PAH and heavy metals in the soils.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A DOMESTIC SOLAR HEATER WITH IRON ORE AS THE ABSORBER

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 CEP. 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil dpottie@ gmail.com ramondepaoli@yahoo.com. br r.ferreira102@hotmail.com Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Laboratório de Termometria Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 CEP. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil leonardohcdias@gmail.com Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Grupo de Refrigeração e Aquecimento Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 CEP. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil leo.vsm@hotmail.com ABSTRACT
RADIATION, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER EFFECTS ON MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC UNSTEADY FREE CONVECTIVE WALTER'S MEMORY FLOW PAST A VERTICAL PLATE WITH CHEMICAL REACTION THROUGH A POROUS MEDIUM

An analytical study is performed to study the influence of radiation and mass transfer on unsteady hydromagnetic free convective memory flow of viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluids past an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of constant suction and heat absorbing sink with chemical reaction taking into an account. Approximate solutions have been derived for the mean velocity, mean temperature and mean concentration using multi-parameter perturbation technique and these are presented in graphical form. The effects of different physical parameters such as magnetic parameter, Grashof number, modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Eckert number, Radiation parameter; Chemical reaction parameter and heat sink strength parameter are discussed.
1 Welfare traits of Bos indicus cattle immunologically castrated and fed beta-adrenergic agonists 1

28 Objective: This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and ractopamine 29 hydrochloride (RH) combined with immunocastration on the welfare traits of feedlot Nellore cattle. 30 Methods: Ninety-six Nellore males (average BW = 409 ± 50 kg; average 20 mo of age) were divided into two 31 groups according to BW; half of the animals in each group received two doses of an immunocastration (ImC) 32 vaccine in a 30 day interval, and the other half did not receive the vaccine (NoC). Afterward, the animals were 33 housed and fed a common diet for 70 days. Then, they were split into three groups and fed one of the following 34 diets for 30 additional days: control (CO) diet, with no β-AA; ZH diet, containing 80 mg/day ZH; and RH diet, 35 containing 300 mg/day RH. Welfare traits were assessed by monitoring body surface temperature using infrared 36 thermography images (IRT) and plasma cortisol and temperament measurements. 37 Results: There was no interaction between sexual condition and diet for any trait. The ImC and NoC groups did 38 not differ in rectal and ocular temperatures. The ImC animals had higher flight speeds (P=0.022) and tended to 39 have higher cortisol levels (P= 0.059) than the NoC animals. Animals fed ZH and RH did not differ in cortisol 40 levels, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, temperature measured by IRT, or temperament behaviour. 41 Conclusion: The ImC animals showed a less stable temperament during handling practices than NoC, whereas 42 ZH and RH supplementation had no adverse effects on animal welfare. 43 44 INTRODUCTION 45 46 The use of feed additives in the finishing phase on the feedlot is a common practice used by the beef 47 industry to improve animal performance, meat quality and profitability. Among these additives, beta-adrenergic 48 agonists (β-AAs), such as zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH), which are 49 synthetic and nonhormonal compounds with a powerful anabolic effect on skeletal muscle, have been used to 50 improve animal performance and lean meat production [1-3]. However, recently, the use of ZH was associated 51 with the incidence of cattle suffering from stress and lameness after transportation to slaughter plants, which led 52 to the suspension of ZH use for beef cattle operations in some countries. Despite this, the detrimental effects of 53 β-AA supplementation on animal welfare are still unclear and inconclusive [4]. 54 Ac ce pt ed A rti cle
Investigating the tarnish and corrosion mechanisms of Chinese gold coins

In order to investigate the gold coin's tarnish mechanism, the tarnish and corrosion mechanism on Chinese gold coins was investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), XPS and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the tarnish on the gold coin was caused by silver on its surface. The main component of the tarnish stain on the gold coin was silver sulfide and silver sulfate. The stain and the contamination originate from the polishing procedure, which accelerated the tarnish process. Two measures can be taken to prevent the gold coin's tarnish. First, the mintage of gold and silver coins should be separated and, second, a chemical cleaning procedure should be introduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water-tree characteristics in low-density PE under simulated inverter voltages

Water tree characteristics have been investigated for low-density polyethylene by applying power-frequency ac voltages with high-frequency components, which are simulated output voltages of a pulse-width-modulation inverter. If we compare the water-tree length among single-frequency voltages, the water tree grows faster if the frequency is higher. However, if we superpose a power-frequency voltage on the high-frequency voltage, tree growth is suppressed. The tree length becomes shorter if the superposed power-frequency voltage is higher. This surprising result is explainable by considering that the zero-crossing of the applied voltage plays an important role in tree propagation.
Soil Chemistry after Eleven Annual Applications of Cattle Feedlot Manure

(.) Manure, incorporated by cultivating, rototilling, or plowing, was applied annually from 1973 to 1983 at 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha −1 (wet wt.) and 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha −1 , respectively, to nonirrigated and irrigated dark brown Chernozemic (Typic Haploborolls) clay loam soil. On both the nonirrigated and irrigated soil, the effects from manure, applied annually at greater than recommended rates for 11 yr, were minimal on Cu and NH 4 content and substantial on other parameters determined. (.)
Critical comparison of metallized and mediator‐based carbon paste glucose biosensors

The performance of metallized carbon oxidase-based biosensors is critically compared with that of mediator-based enzyme electrodes. Dimethyl ferrocene and rhodium metal centers are used as model mediator and catalyst, respectively, in connection to carbon-paste electrode transducers and assays of glucose. The rhodium-containing bioelectrode displays enhanced selectivity (particularly improved discrimination against ascorbic acid), lower sensitivity, faster response time, greater oxygen dependence, and similar detection limit in comparison to the mediated electrode. In addition to assessing the relative merits of both strategies, the data offer useful insights into the behavior of these ‘first’- and ‘second-generation’ oxidase amperometric electrodes.
Qualitative insight and quantitative analysis of the effect of temperature on the coercivity of a magnetic system

The temperature dependence of the response of a magnetic system to an applied field can be understood qualitatively by considering variations in the energy surface characterizing the system and estimated quantitatively with rate theory. In the system analysed here, Fe/Sm-Co spring magnet, the width of the hysteresis loop is reduced to a half when temperature is raised from 25 K to 300 K. This narrowing can be explained and reproduced quantitatively without invoking temperature dependence of model parameters as has typically been done in previous data analysis. The applied magnetic field lowers the energy barrier for reorientation of the magnetization but thermal activation brings the system over the barrier. A 2-dimensional representation of the energy surface is developed and used to gain insight into the transition mechanism and to demonstrate how the applied field alters the transition path. Our results show the importance of explicitly including the effect of thermal activation when interpreting experiments involving the manipulation of magnetic systems at finite temperature.