Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Contamination of Root and Leaf Vegetables Grown in Soils with Incorporated Bovine Manure

ABSTRACT Bovine manure, with or without added Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (three strains), was incorporated into silty clay loam (SCL) and loamy sand (LS) soil beds (53- by 114-cm surface area, 17.5 cm deep) and maintained in two controlled-environment chambers. The S. enterica serovar Typhimurium inoculum was 4 to 5 log CFU/g in manure-fertilized soil. The conditions in the two environmental chambers, each containing inoculated and uninoculated beds of manure-fertilized soil, simulated daily average Madison, Wis. , weather conditions (hourly temperatures, rainfall, daylight, and humidity) for a 1 March or a 1 June manure application and subsequent vegetable growing seasons ending 9 August or 28 September, respectively. Core soil samples were taken biweekly from both inoculated and uninoculated soil beds in each chamber. Radishes, arugula, and carrots were planted in soil beds, thinned, and harvested. Soils, thinned vegetables, and harvested vegetables were analyzed for S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli (indigenous in manure). After the 1 March manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected at low levels in both soils on 31 May, but not on vegetables planted 1 May and harvested 12 July from either soil. After the 1 June manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected in SCL soil on 7 September and on radishes and arugula planted in SCL soil on 15 August and harvested on 27 September. In LS soil, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium died at a similar rate (P ≥ 0.05) after the 1 June manure application and was less often detected on arugula and radishes harvested from this soil compared to the SCL soil. Pathogen levels on vegetables were decreased by washing. Manure application in cool (daily average maximum temperature of <10°C) spring conditions is recommended to ensure that harvested vegetables are not contaminated with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Manure application under warmer (daily average maximum temperature >20°C) summer conditions is not recommended when vegetable planting is done between the time of manure application and late summer. A late fall manure application will not increase the risk of contaminating vegetables planted the next spring, since further experiments showed that repeated freeze-thaw cycles were detrimental to the survival of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli in manure-fertilized soil. The number of indigenous E. coli in soil was never significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting its usefulness as an indicator organism for evaluating the risk of vegetable contamination with manure-borne S. enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Antibiotics as Probes of Ribosome Structure: Binding of Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin to Polyribosomes; Effect of Other Antibiotics

Antibiotics were used as probes of ribosome topology and function. Studies of [14C]chloramphenicol and [14C]erythromycin binding to ribosomes and polyribosomes revealed the following features. The requirement of high K+ concentration (150 mM) for [14C]chloramphenicol binding to NH4Cl-washed ribosomes resulted from the washing procedure. Neither native 70S ribosomes nor polyribosomes require K+ greater than 30 mM for [14C]chloramphenicol binding. Whereas [14C]chloramphenicol binds to both ribosomes and polyribosomes, [14C]erythromycin binds essentially only to ribosomes. After removal of peptidyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) from polyribosomes, [14C]erythromycin could then be bound. The effects of a number of antibiotics on [14C]chloramphenicol binding to ribosomes and polyribosomes was assessed. It was found that most of the macrolides (erythromycin, carbomycin, spiramycin III, niddamycin, oleandomycin, and tylosin) and streptogramins A and B (vernamycin A, PA114A, vernamycin Bα, and PA114B) inhibited chloramphenicol binding to NH4Cl-washed and native 70S ribosomes, but not to polyribosomes. After removal of peptidyl-tRNA from polyribosomes, [14C]chloramphenicol binding was then inhibited. In contrast, sparsomycin and althiomycin inhibited chloram-phenicol binding to polyribosomes, but not to ribosomes. After removal of peptidyl-tRNA from polyribosomes, sparsomycin and althiomycin were then ineffective. The presence of peptidyl-tRNA on polyribosomes apparently is required for binding of sparsomycin and althiomycin, but prevents binding of most macrolides and streptogramins. The lincosaminides (lincomycin and celesticetin) and methymycin (a small macrolide) inhibited [14C]chloramphenicol binding to NH4Cl-washed and native 70S ribosomes best, but also inhibited the binding to polyribosomes. The amino nucleosides and other antibiotics tested do not seem to interact strongly with the major chloramphenicol-binding site. These results provide knowledge of the interrelationships between antibiotic and substrate ribosome binding sites which should eventually contribute to a map of ribosomal topology.
Clinical applications of natural killer T cell–based immunotherapy for cancer

Human invariant Vα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are a novel, distinct lymphocyte population, characterized by an invariant T‐cell receptor Vα24 chain paired with Vβ11. Vα24 NKT cells are activated by a specific glicolipid ligand, α‐GalCer, and rapidly produce a large amount of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, thereby modulating other immune cells such as antigen‐specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells. Recent studies have shown that NKT cells play pivotal regulatory roles in many immune responses, including antitumor immunity. We herein review the quantitative alteration and functional deterioration of circulating Vα24 NKT cells in various cancer‐bearing patients. We also summarize the recent progress in the clinical studies of NKT cell‐based tumor immunotherapy. Novel immunological results including the increased peripheral blood Vα24 NKT cells and IFN‐producing cells after the immunotherapy were revealed. The details of the safety profile and the antitumor responses were also disclosed. Although the objective clinical responses still remain unclear, some encouraging results have emerged. Therefore, NKT cell‐based immunotherapy may potentially be an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer patients. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 638–645)
Improving Interactive TV Experience Using Second Screen Mobile Applications

The past two decades have seen a shift in the multimedia consumption behaviours from that of collectivism and passivity, to individualism and activity. This paper introduces the architectural design, implementation and user evaluation of a second screen application, which is designed to supersede the traditional user control interface for primary screen interaction. We describe how NSMobile, our second screen application, can be used as a pervasive multimedia platform by integrating user experiences on both the second screen and primary screen. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of user interactions with interactive TV content also contributes to the future design of second screen applications.
Social media analytics are evolving: from twitter-based crisis mapping to large-scale real-time situation assessment with trust and credibility analysis

In recent years there has been a growing trend for the use of publically available social media content (e.g. Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, Instagram) for analytics in areas such as journalism, crisis management, political analysis and business intelligence. With social media content freely available and updated in real-time it is no wonder analysts are turning to it to discover trending topics, buzzing locations, emerging visionaries and so much more. In politics social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter are used to track [5] [8] sentiment (i.e. positive or negative) in real-time during election campaigns, analysing major speeches, political debates and policy announcements as they happen [12]. For crisis management Twitter has been used to plot accurate real-time crisis maps [7] of incident reports during natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornados. Businesses are also making good use of social media [6] [11] to track public response during product launches, plan new store locations and target influential people [3] within market sectors. Current analytic toolsets for social media can be broadly categorized as dashboards, crisis mapping toolkits and in-depth analysis frameworks. Dashboard applications (e.g. Tweetdeck, Sulia, Storyful, Flumes, WebLyzard) allow people such as Journalists to track news stories, alerting them to new and relevant content, trending topics and influential people. These dashboard applications allow click-through from content to author, providing contact details for a subsequent manual verification process (e.g. verification of content via a phone call). Tools for crisis mapping also follow a manual verification process (e.g. Ushahidi), using teams of volunteers to verify web and social media incident reports before adding them to a crisis map for display. For in depth analysis there are tools supporting sentiment analysis (e.g. Three challenges key to social media analytics are (a) scaling up approaches (i.e. big data techniques) to handle the content volumes we see today, (b) augmenting and improving the existing manual process for social media content verification, ultimately improving both trust and credibility in the final analysis and (c) increasing support for multilingual analytics. The trust and credibility challenge is particularly important as fake news stories are becoming both increasingly common and increasingly difficult to spot. Examples of recent fake news (see figure 1) include sharks swimming in New York after the 2012 Hurricane Sandy [4], images of a Tsunami crashing into the statue of liberty and a 'FIFA corruption' tweet [1] sent out 'before' the 2014 world cup final with …
The Missing Link: Are Individuals with More Social Capital in Better Health? Evidence from India

This paper extends a two-period overlapping generations model of endogenous growth in which associations between human capital, social capital, and health outcomes are critically examined for a low income country, India. If individuals with higher levels of human capital can build strong social ties and have more robust social networks, they are then less likely to have health problems and are therefore physically healthier. In an attempt to test the so-called relationship between the variables in question, a unique dataset, where micro-level data from the world values survey and regional-level macro data from the central statistics office of India were both utilised, was accessed. A three-equation model has been then estimated using the conditional mixed-process method in order to address endogeneity issues explicitly. Our estimation results provide important insights into the theoretical thesis in several ways. Firstly, human capital has a favourable impact on social capital, which in turn enhances self-reported health. Secondly, we provide a comparison of three main experiments: an increase in the share of public spending by region on education, social capital-enhancing activities, and health. The results confirm the positive effect of an increase in each form of government spending on outcome variables. Thirdly, the correlation coefficient between disturbances of these three equations turns out to be statistically significant, suggesting that there are unobserved factors, which can affect self-reported health, social capital and human capital variables.
Fast synthesis of low power clock trees based on register clustering

Clock networks dissipate a significant fraction of the entire chip power budget. In contrast to most of the traditional works that handle the power optimization problem with clock routing or buffer sizing, we propose a novel register clustering methodology for power reduction of clock trees. Moreover, a fast three-stage clock tree synthesis (CTS) approach based on register clustering is presented to verify the validity of the methodology. By comparison with the state-of-the-art low power CTS research works Contango2.0 and the CTS of Purdue University, our three-stage CTS approach achieves 1.30×, 1.07× smaller power consumption while exhibiting 2.01×, 1.52× smaller skew. Furthermore, the runtime of our CTS approach is 17.36×, 8.16× shorter than that of Contango2.0 and CTS of Purdue University respectively.
Implementation of Customized Health Information Technology in Diabetes Self Management Programs

Purpose: The project was a nurse-led implementation of a software application, designed to combine clinical and demographic records for a diabetes education program, which would result in secure, long-term record storage. Background/Rationale: Clinical information systems may be prohibitively expensive for small practices and require extensive training for implementation. A review of the literature suggests that the use of simple, practice-based registries offer an economical method of monitoring the outcomes of diabetic patients. Project Description: The database was designed using a common software application, Microsoft Access. The theory used to guide implementation and staff training was Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory (1995). Outcomes: Outcomes after a 3-month period included incorporation of 100% of new clinical and demographic patient records into the database and positive changes in staff attitudes regarding software applications used in diabetes self-management training. These objectives were met while keeping project costs under budgeted amounts. Conclusions: As a function of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) researcher role, there is a need for CNSs to identify innovative and economical methods of data collection. The success of this nurse-led project reinforces suggestions in the literature for less costly methods of data maintenance in small practice settings. Ongoing utilization and enhancement have resulted in the creation of a robust database that could aid in the research of multiple clinical issues. Implications: Clinical nurse specialists can use existing evidence to guide and improve both their own practice and outcomes for patients and organizations. Further research regarding specific factors that predict efficient transition of informatics applications, how these factors vary according to practice settings, and the role of the CNS in implementation of such applications is needed.
A Step Ahead 1983/84 Report of the German Council of Economic Experts*

The latest annual Report of the Economic Experts is remarkable for its crispness and courage. Philosophically it is a product of positivism, or at least sustained by the hope that rational analysis can not only give better direction but that this direction will actually be taken by a polity suitably enlightened and exhorted. Economically it moves in the mainstream of intellectual efforts applied on both sides of the Atlantic to improve the conduct of economic policy. Except for the incessant dissents attached by one of the Council's members, I have found nothing odd in this impressive report. The first 25 pages of the document under review deal specifically with the present international situation and its impact on the West German economy; international considerations recur in subsequent pages. I shall attempt to appraise these considerations, which focus on the policy conduct of the United States, after commenting briefly on some of those macroeconomic issues raised in the Report which may be regarded as primarily domestic. Although the document contains valuable sections opposing mandatory reductions in the length of the workweek, proposing greater integration of public with private pension schemes to reduce dependence on the former1, and deploring the non-market economics of housing in Germany and of coal, steel, and agriculture in the European community, I have no sprinkling to add to its outstanding treatment of those subjects.
Potassium-Induced Cortical Spreading Depressions during Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Contribution to Lesion Growth Assessed by Diffusion-Weighted NMR and Biochemical Imaging

In focal ischemia of rats, the volume of ischemic lesion correlates with the number of peri-infarct depolarizations. To test the hypothesis that depolarizations accelerate infarct growth, we combined focal ischemia with externally evoked spreading depression (SD) waves. Ischemic brain infarcts were produced in halothane-anaesthetized rats by intraluminal thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In one group of animals, repeated SDs were evoked at 15-min intervals by microinjections of potassium acetate into the frontal cortex. In another group, the spread of the potassium-evoked depolarizations was prevented by application of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801). The volume of ischemic lesion was monitored for 2 h by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and correlated with electrophysiological recordings and biochemical imaging techniques. In untreated rats, each microinjection produced an SD wave and a stepwise rise of the volume and signal intensity of the DWI-visible cortical lesion. The volume of this lesion increased between 15 min and 2 h of MCA occlusion from 19 ± 15% to 66 ± 16% of ipsilateral cortex. In dizocilpine-treated animals, microinjections of potassium did not evoke SDs, nor did the volume and signal intensity of the DWI-visible cortical lesion change. At 15 min after MCA occlusion, the DWI-visible lesion was larger than in untreated animals—43 ± 16% of the ipsilateral cortex; however, after 2 h, it increased only slightly further to 49 ± 21%. Slower lesion growth in the absence of SDs was also reflected by the volume of ATP-depleted tissue, which, after 2 h of MCA occlusion, involved 26 ± 12% of the ipsilateral cortex in treated and 49 ± 9% in untreated animals (p < 0.01). These observations support the hypothesis that peri-infarct depolarizations accelerate cerebral infarct growth.
Distributed agents control system, a framework for programming distributed agents

Many complex systems-such as robotic systems-need a distributed solution in which a set of specialized software modules would communicate with each other to achieve global objectives. Software agents are a possible approach to this need. This paper reports the development of a general purpose agent library that eases the building of applications based on distributed agents. Such applications will be modular, flexible, extensible, location independent and fault tolerant. The paper also describes some examples of applications built with this library.
Arab Women Entrepreneurs in Spain: Like Cedars Beside the Stream

This paper presents the results of a qualitative study designed to give a "voice" to women entrepreneurs in Spain who come from different backgrounds but are united by their Arab roots and common culture. The purposes of the present study are twofold: (1) to add to scarce research on women entrepreneurs regarding the role of the macrosocietal values and traditions and (2) to understand better the dynamics of the Arab world as they relate to women entrepreneurs and Islam, specifically the implications of gender roles and work (Gray and Finley-Hervey, 2005). We study these questions in the Spanish context, where a renewed entrepreneurship culture is being revived, partly as a result of the economic crisis that started in 2008. In a related vein, the intersectionality of different influences that converge on the entrepreneurial impulse is a conglomerate of Islamic values and gender negotiations within the Spanish context. We seek to explore notably different aspects that characterized our sample - that is, the main factors that influence Arab women in their path to entrepreneurship: self employment as a real means for women to engage in the labor market (Faveri et al., 2015) and as an invaluable tool for agency and empowerment (EBRD, 2015); entrepreneurship as a way to procure the involvement of Arab women in the public space; and finally, formal and informal features that contextualize the entrepreneurial activity of this particular immigrant group in Spain. Case study research via semistructured interviews has been the methodology used for this investigation. Thus, we conducted some interviews that shed light on important information and we have found through our analysis that the main formal and informal factors in this matter are the educational level, personal ambition, the implications of family commitments, economic necessity and social and cultural patterns. The last three factors are the ones that are intrinsically linked to the Arab women studied in our research. All these issues are addressed in depth in our paper, with which we expect to contribute to the debate of gender roles and women's economic dimension by means of entrepreneurship.
A 462GOPs/J RRAM-based nonvolatile intelligent processor for energy harvesting IoE system featuring nonvolatile logics and processing-in-memory

An energy-efficient nonvolatile intelligent processor (NIP) is proposed for battery-less energy harvesting system. This NIP employs RRAM-based nonvolatile logics (NVL) with self-write-termination (SWT) scheme and low-power processing-in-memory (PIM) to achieve energy-efficient computing against frequent power-off situations. An NIP test chip was fabricated in 150nm CMOS process using HfO RRAM. This NIP chip achieves 462GOPs/J energy efficiency at 20MHz clock frequency, showing 13× performance improvement over state-of-the-arts. This work presents the first nonvolatile processor capable of general as well as neural network computing in addition to the first integrated chip using RRAM-based PIM.
The Politics of Social Welfare: The Collapse of the Centre and the Rise of the Right

Part 1 The crises of the welfare state: the crises of the welfare state and the dilemma of liberal politics in western democracies the attack on the welfare state consensus. Part 2 The American welfare state - from war on poverty to Reagan revolution: the mixed story of the war on poverty the political failure of income redistribution the rise of the New Right social welfare agenda the new politics of social policy. Part 3 Anywhere left to go: continuing dilemmas poverty as dependency, the changing politics of social welfare.
The Research on the Permissible Delay in Payments in Monopolistic Competition Market under Making to Order Production Mode

This paper does some researches on the changes in profit after the supply chain which is composed of one producer and one retailer applies the permissible delay in payments to cope with the variation of market environment in monopolistic competition market under making to order production mode.From the perspective of the producer and the retailer,three mathematical models according to three different conditions have been established,that is,long-term equilibrium in the traditional market,short-term equilibrium after applying the permissible delay in payments,long-term equilibrium after applying the permissible delay in payments,and then,the solving processes have also been proposed.Finally,numerical example has been illustrated with the sensitivity analysis method,and the changes in profit of the supply chain is discussed with the variation of demand elasticity coefficient when the permissible delay in payments is used in the monopolistic competition market.Through the analysis,it could be found that both the producer and the retailer could get excess profit in the short-term equilibrium after applying the permissible delay in payments.However,the profit doesn't change significantly in the long-term equilibrium.