Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACP Medicine

Acute pancreatitis has traditionally been defined as an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas that (1) is associated with abdominal pain and elevations in serum levels of pancreatic enzymes and (2) disrupts normal pancreatic architecture and function only until the illness resolves. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is traditionally described as associated with permanent and irreversible damage to the gland. These definitions, which were developed at a series of international meetings, have limited applicability for clinicians. For example, some patients with severe acute pancreatitis develop substantial necrosis of the gland during the acute attack and sustain permanent abnormalities of both pancreatic architecture and pancreatic function. Likewise, many patients with an acute attack of alcoholic pancreatitis have already developed histologic changes of chronic pancreatitis at the onset of symptoms. Both types of patient are at risk for the complications of acute pancreatitis and are best managed as having acute pancreatitis, although they do not fit the traditional classification schemes. In addressing these problems, the most recent consensus conference, the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, defined acute pancreatitis in a more clinically useful manner—that is, as an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of regional tissues and remote organ systems. Because it may not be possible at the time of the attack to determine whether permanent architectural or functional changes are present or will develop, the disease may subsequently be reclassified, on the basis of additional clinical information, as chronic pancreatitis or as an acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. The International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis also defined severe acute pancreatitis as the presence of organ failure (e.g., shock, pulmonary insufficiency, renal failure, or gastrointestinal bleeding) or pancreatic or peripancreatic complications (e.g., necrosis, abscess, or pseudocyst), or both, along with unfavorable early prognostic signs (e.g., using the Ranson criteria or the APACHE II score) [see Determining Disease Severity, below]. Although not perfect, these clinical definitions more closely fit the approach to management.
$TMF_0(3)$ Characteristic classes for String bundles

We compute the completed $TMF_0(3)$ cohomology of the 7-connective cover $BString$ of $BO$. We use cubical structures on line bundles over elliptic curves to construct an explicit class which together with the Pontryagin classes freely generates the cohomology ring.
Determinants of Outreach Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Pakistan

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are developed to provide financial services to poor people usually ignored by commercialized institutions. Their main purpose is to increase outreach both in terms of depth and breadth, by providing small loans and reaching maximum number of poor people. This study aims to study the factors that influence the outreach performance of MFIs in Pakistan. By using random effect regression, factors that influence the depth and breadth of outreach were determined. Return on asset and firm size effect both the depth and breadth of outreach, whereas, portfolio at risk greater than 30 days impact the breadth of outreach only. Additionally, operating expense ratio does not influence the outreach performance of MFI. Keywords: outreach, performance, depth, breadth, microfinance, microfinance institutions
Learning of predatory skills by shore-crabs Carcinus maenas feeding on mussels and dogwhelks

Carcinus maenas (L.) used 5 recognizable methods to attack mussels and 3 methods to attack dogwhelks. The frequency of usage varied among methods but did not change as crabs gained experience of the prey. The mean number of attacks required to open prey decreased with practice, irrespective of the methods used. The mean time to break open a prey decreased by a factor of about 0.30 for mussels and about 0.28 for dogwhelks after 5 to 6 prey had been eaten. Reductions in breaking time were both less marked and slower when mussels and dogwhelks were presented alternately to the crabs. Mean breaking times for the first prey offered In trials separated by over 4 d were similar to those associated with naive crabs, but were shorter in trials separated by smaller time intervals. Skills were therefore gained within 1 to 2 h but were lost at a much slower rate. Crabs have a learning capacity that can cause prey items to become transposed in rank and which could lead to switching under appropriate circumstances. Alternate handling of dissimilar prey reduces learning efficiency and could increase the disparity in abundances of alternative prey necessary for switching to occur.
Biofertilising, plant-stimulating and biocontrol potentials of maize plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated in central and northern Benin

Plants constantly interact with a multitude of microorganisms that they select among other things through their roots. Some bacteria, known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are able to stimulate growth and control plant diseases, thanks to the expression of a wide range of beneficial properties to the plant. The aim of this work was to search for biofertilizing, plant-stimulating and biocontrol potentials in PGPR in central and northern Benin. To achieve this goal, the metabolic properties, especially phosphate solubilization, the production of indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, exopolysaccharides, certain enzymes and antifungal activity were investigated on nine rhizobacteria strains: Bacillus polymysa, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus panthothenicus, Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas syringae and Serratia marcescens. The results reveal that the three genera of rhizobacteria were producers of hydrogen cyanide, indole acetic acid, catalase and solubilized phosphate. All Pseudomonas and Serratia isolates were producers of exopolysaccharides, protease and lipase while 80% of Bacillus strains were lipase producers and 60% produced exopolysaccharides and protease. As regards the production of ammonia by rhizobacteria, 100% by S. marcescens, 78% of Pseudomonas strains and 80% of Bacillus strains produce them. These results show the possibility of using these rhizobacteria as biological fertilizers to stimulate growth, control fungal diseases and improve crop productivity in Benin. Key words: Rhizobacteria, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, enzyme production, P-solubilizing bacteria, indole acetic acid (IAA).
Multi-generation diffusion of technology

In the era of demand-driven technology, the study of diffusion processes of high-technology products becomes crucial. The accelerated technological advancements and intergeneration substitutions illustrate the market of these innovations. In the past, attempts have been made to forecast the market growth of product generations meticulously. These studies have considered the diffusion parameters to be static; however, they are implausible to remain constant throughout the the product lifecycle and may experience considerable changes. To understand this phenomenon, the proposed diffusion model deals with the change-point technique in the multi-generation framework. Change-point is defined as a time instant where the growth rate in the diffusion process experiences a change due to varying market environment in which an innovation is placed. The main aim of the reseach is to develop an approach for analyzing the substitution effect among product generations when there exists change-points. Moreover, to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the constructed model, it is fitted to the sales data of DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) industry.
The Effect of Domestic Institutions on International Trade Flows: A sectoral analysis

Barriers to international trade are more sizeable than can be accounted for on the basis of formal trade barriers and transport costs alone. Search costs in the international marketplace and insecurity of property and contract enforcement have recently been stressed to explain this observation. This paper proposes that both elements can be combined to explain observed trade patterns. Distinguishing between homogeneous and differentiated product groups, we estimate gravity equations to investigate how patterns of bilateral trade are affected by variation in the quality of institutions across countries. JEL codes: F14, F15 Keywords: institutions, bilateral trade, gravity model, sectoral analysis, markets
Adenovirus vectors can induce activation of endothelial cells: CD40-CD40L interactions partly participate in the endothelial cells activation induced by adenovirus vectors in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner

Replication-defective adenovirus vector without both E1 and E3 is one of the most popular tools in transgenic therapies. However, more attention should be paid to adenovirus vectors mediated-gene modified study on endothelial cells (ECs). To verify the possible danger in that process, we explored the effect of adenovirus on ECs in this study. By using western blot analysis, we showed that the level of both CD40 and CD40L on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were upregraduated by adenovirus vector infection at 100 multiplicity of infection (MOI). The activation of ECs induced by adenovirus vector infection at MOI 100 can be partly inhibited by a blockade of CD40/CD40L interactions by using the recombinant adenovirus Ad-sCD40LIg or an anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vitro. On ECs, blockade of CD40/CD40L decreased the expression of IL (interleukin)-6, IL-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) in adenovirus vector-induced cells. In electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), both Ad-sCD40LIg and anti-CD40L mAb can attenuate the activity of NF-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway contributing to the activation of ECs, which indicated that CD40-CD40L interactions played significant role in the activation of ECs induced by adenovirus vectors via an NF-κB pathway. Our study provide evidences for a supplementary mechanism of the ECs activation induced by adenovirus vector infection and suggests that CD40-CD40L interactions partly participate in the ECs activation induced by adenovirus vectors in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Key words : Adenovirus vector, CD40, CD40L, endothelial cells, NF-kappaB.
The Testing Methods Research on Athletes Nutrition and Supplement of Anaerobic Endurance Track and Field Events Based on Wireless Scanning Technology

It is widely researched and confirmed in traditional track and field events that the athletes nutrition and supplement testing of anaerobic endurance track and field events could make nutritional integration which may come from different nutrient sources. However, some existing athletes nutrition and supplement testing methods could not adapt the application of Wireless Scanning Technology Flow for the reason that these existing methods include iterative process. As far as the Wireless Scanning Technology Flow is concerned, this technology flow has obvious characteristics and also make an survey on athletes nutrition and supplement testing of anaerobic endurance track and field events from the perspective of data flow. On this basis, this article could make effective use of wireless scanning data and also advance strategies which could make a frequency conversion evaluation on reliability of nutrient sources, and this strategy could decrease these required iterative process, and also increase efficiency during different time. And this article proposes a algorithm named HQW which could be used to make frequency conversion evaluation on reliability of nutrient sources. The HQW combines historical data and determines the evaluation moment of reliability of nutrient sources dynamically, this algorithm not only insure the athletes nutrition and supplement testing of anaerobic endurance track and field events could research the standard, but also increase efficiency. At last, this paper further validates the efficiency and accuracy of HQW on perception and handling of athletes nutrition and supplement testing by wireless scanning technology flow through the experiment on the real wireless scanning data set.
Characterization of TCR ß-chain Locus genotypes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) by SSCP analysis

T cells play important regulatory roles in the immune responses of jawed vertebrates. In the present study T cell receptor (TCR) coding genes of the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) as a main aquaculture species of Iranian cold waters was analyzed. So five farms of this species were selected in Harazriver and 50 fin sampleswere collected and screened for TCR s chain locus with the single strand conformation analysis method. Results of this research indicated limited alleles number (3-6 alleles) with higher observed heterozygosity (75%) than expected heterozygosity (68%). In addition, results imply the effect of aquaculture farms effluent that increases the pollution of pathogens and abiotic materials with increase of allele numbers in next farms. These data could be very useful in immunogenetic assessment of aquaculture
Beating the Random Walk: Intraday Seasonality and Volatility in a Developing Stock Market

Historical prices information has not been exhaustively exploited in forecasting the 10-minute-ahead Composite Index of the Malaysian stock market. A simple model incorporating intraday seasonality can have lower forecast errors than a random walk. Improved accuracy is achieved when time-varying volatility is included in the time-of-day seasonal model for both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. The updating of parameter estimates of these volatility models at each new forecast origin to incorporate the latest available information leads to further improvement in forecast performance.
An Investigation into Quality Commitment in a Service Organisation in South Africa

Dramatic changes are taking place within the world of work, as organisations seek to keep pace with an evergrowing rate of change driven by technological advances and changes in patterns of consumer demand. The drive to provide products or services, which meet or exceed customer expectations consistently and on-time must rely on quality as the basis of its efficacy. Customers perceive that the service quality within the Operations Department of the organisation is poor. Quality is the basis for the whole of modern manufacturing and service delivery processes; and research and practice have shown the importance of individual employees taking ownership over the quality of their work. The importance of employee identification with the organisation’s goals and values has gained increasing recognition, as organisations look for much more from their employees today than previously. Organisations are simultaneously restructuring their organisation structures, and empowering their staff by expanding the scope of work roles. The core purpose of this study is to determine the level of commitment of employees to quality in the organisation. The research methodology comprised a semi-structured questionnaire in order to assess employee commitment towards service delivery in the workplace.
A Sampling Design Framework for Monitoring Secretive Marshbirds

Abstract. A framework for a sampling plan for monitoring marshbird populations in the contiguous 48 states is proposed here. The sampling universe is the breeding habitat (i.e. wetlands) potentially used by marshbirds. Selection protocols would be implemented within each of large geographical strata, such as Bird Conservation Regions. Site selection will be done using a two-stage cluster sample. Primary sampling units (PSUs) would be land areas, such as legal townships, and would be selected by a procedure such as systematic sampling. Secondary sampling units (SSUs) will be wetlands or portions of wetlands in the PSUs. SSUs will be selected by a randomized spatially balanced procedure. For analysis, the use of a variety of methods as a means of increasing confidence in conclusions that may be reached is encouraged. Additional effort will be required to work out details and implement the plan.
A Collaborative Filtering Based Persona Identification in Requirements Elicitation

Persona is a fictional character that archetypically represents a user group. Persona identification is an important step in requirements elicitation. A review of related literature has shown that the persona is identified using qualitative approaches such as ethnographic profiling, user observations and user interviews. These approaches classify users on the basis of demographics or behavioral patterns. The drawbacks for such qualitative approaches are: they focus on detailed information gathering rather than correctly identifying representative user of persona; identified personas are too subjective as different requirements analysts may create different personas; these approaches do not scale well for a large number user involvement due to the high computational complexity of processing unstructured data. This paper proposed the collaborative filtering based persona-scenario (CFPS) approach to identify persona by calculating the similarities between the representative user to other users, combining the collaborative filtering algorithm and the persona-scenario approach. The case study shows the proposed approach improves the efficiency and accuracy in persona identification and requirements elicitation.
Bottom-up design of de novo thermoelectric hybrid materials using chalcogenide resurfacing

Hybrid organic/inorganic thermoelectric materials based on conducting polymers and inorganic nanostructures have been demonstrated to combine both the inherently low thermal conductivity of the polymer and the superior charge transport properties (high power factors) of the inorganic component. While their performance today still lags behind that of conventional inorganic thermoelectric materials, solution-processable hybrids have made rapid progress and also offer unique advantages not available to conventional rigid inorganic thermoelectrics, namely: (1) low cost fabrication on rigid and flexible substrates, as well as (2) engineering complex conformal geometries for energy harvesting/cooling. While the number of reports of new classes of viable hybrid thermoelectric materials is growing, no group has reported a general approach for bottom-up design of both p- and n-type materials from one common base. Thus, unfortunately, the literature comprises mostly of disconnected discoveries, which limits development and calls for a first-principles approach for property manipulation analogous to doping in traditional semiconductor thermoelectrics. Here, molecular engineering at the organic/inorganic interface and simple processing techniques are combined to demonstrate a modular approach enabling de novo design of complex hybrid thermoelectric systems. We chemically modify the surfaces of inorganic nanostructures and graft conductive polymers to yield robust solution processable p- and n-type inorganic/organic hybrid nanostructures. Our new modular approach not only offers researchers new tools to perform true bottom-up design of thermoelectric hybrids, but also strong performance advantages as well due to the quality of the designed interfaces. For example, we obtain enhanced power factors in existing (by up to 500% in Te/PEDOT:PSS) and novel (Bi2S3/PEDOT:PSS) p-type systems, and also generate water-processable and air-stable high performing n-type hybrid systems (Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS), thus highlighting the potency of our ex situ strategy in opening up new material options for thermoelectric applications. This strategy establishes a unique platform with broad handles for custom tailoring of thermal and electrical properties through hybrid material tunability and enables independent control over inorganic material chemistry, nanostructure geometry, and organic material properties, thus providing a robust pathway to major performance enhancements.
Omnidirectional Photonic Band Gap Using Low Refractive Index Contrast Materials and its Application in Optical Waveguides

Omnidirectional Photonic Band Gap Using Low Refractive Index Contrast Materials and its Application in Optical Waveguides Angelo Mauricio Vidal Faez Researchers have argued for many years that one of the conditions for omnidirectional reflection in a one-dimensional photonic crystal is a strong refractive index contrast between the two constituent dielectric materials. Using numerical simulations and the theory of Anderson localization of light, in this work we demonstrate that an omnidirectional band gap can indeed be created utilizing low refractive index contrast materials when they are arranged in a disordered manner. Moreover, the size of the omnidirectional band gap becomes a controllable parameter, which now depends on the number of layers and not only on the refractive index contrast of the system, as it is widely accepted. This achievement constitutes a major breakthrough in the field since it allows for the development of cheaper and more e cient technologies. Of particular interest is the case of high index contrast one-dimensional photonic crystal fibers, where the propagation losses are mainly due to increased optical scattering from sidewall roughness at the interfaces of high index contrast materials. By using low index contrast materials these losses can be reduced dramatically, while 6 7 maintaining the confinement capability of the waveguide. This is just one of many applications that could be proven useful for this discovery.
The hospital bed as space Observations from South Africa and The Netherlands

This paper shows how the hospital bed is constructed in different ways through human practice and meaning making as cultural, economic, political and symbolic space. We draw on ethnographic research done in training hospitals in South Africa and in the Netherlands to highlight the dissimilar conditions under which people get access to hospital beds, are treated and discharged or die. By giving attention to the bed spaces in different settings, and especially in a wealthy country with good hospital infrastructure and abundant resources, such as the Netherlands, and juxtaposing it with a resource poor country like South Africa we highlighted the similarities and differences in meanings and practices related to such beds in poor developing, and wealthy developed countries.