Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients Presenting with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review

OBJECTIVE:Cerebral vasospasm is a devastating medical complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, even after the aneurysm has been treated. A substantial amount of experimental and clinical research has been conducted in an effort to predict and prevent its occurrence. This research has contributed to significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms leading to cerebral vasospasm. The ability to accurately and consistently predict the onset of cerebral vasospasm, however, has been challenging. This topic review describes the various methodologies and approaches that have been studied in an effort to predict the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm in patients presenting with SAH. METHODS:The English-language literature on the prediction of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH was reviewed using the MEDLINE PubMed (1966–present) database. RESULTS:The risk factors, diagnostic imaging, bedside monitoring approaches, and pathological markers that have been evaluated to predict the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm after SAH are presented. CONCLUSION:To date, a large blood burden is the only consistently demonstrated risk factor for the prediction of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Because vasospasm is such a multifactorial problem, attempts to predict its occurrence will probably require several different approaches and methodologies, as is done at present. Future improvements in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm from aneurysmal SAH will most likely require advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology and our ability to predict its onset.
Anterior Femoroacetabular Impingement: Part II. Midterm Results of Surgical Treatment

Femoroacetabular impingement has been shown to cause labral and chondral lesions and leads to osteoarthrosis of the hip. With the elimination of the pathogenic cause we hope to prevent or delay additional degeneration of the hip. Fourteen men and five women with a mean age of 36 years (range, 21–52 years) were treated with a surgical dislocation and offset creation of the hip. The followup averaged 4.7 years (range, 4–5.2 years). Using the Merle d’Aubigné hip score, 13 hips were rated excellent to good, with the pain score improving from 2.9 points to 5.1 points at the latest followup. There was no avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Five of the 19 patients, two with Grade 2 osteoarthrosis, two with Grade 1 osteoarthrosis but severe acetabular cartilage damage, and one with untreated ossified labrum had subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA). In the stable hips without subluxation of the head into the acetabular cartilage defect, no additional joint space narrowing occurred. Surgical dislocation with correction of femoroacetabular impingement yields good results in patients with early degenerative changes not exceeding Grade 1 osteoarthrosis. This procedure is not suitable for patients with advanced degenerative changes and extensive articular cartilage damage.
p53 and apoptosis.

One of the several biological functions attributed to p53 is the ability to induce apoptotic cell suicide. It has become clear that this apoptotic activity of p53 is central to its role as a tumor suppressor. A summary of current knowledge concerning the mechanisms of p53-mediated apoptosis is presented. The pivotal 'choice' between p53-induced viable growth arrest and apoptosis is discussed.
Patterns of bird migration phenology in South Africa suggest northern hemisphere climate as the most consistent driver of change

Current knowledge of phenological shifts in Palearctic bird migration is largely based on data collected on migrants at their breeding grounds; little is known about the phenology of these birds at their nonbreeding grounds, and even less about that of intra‐African migrants. Because climate change patterns are not uniform across the globe, we can expect regional disparities in bird phenological responses. It is also likely that they vary across species, as species show differences in the strength of affinities they have with particular habitats and environments. Here, we examine the arrival and departure of nine Palearctic and seven intra‐African migratory species in the central Highveld of South Africa, where the former spend their nonbreeding season and the latter their breeding season. Using novel analytical methods based on bird atlas data, we show phenological shifts in migration of five species – red‐backed shrike, spotted flycatcher, common sandpiper, white‐winged tern (Palearctic migrants), and diederik cuckoo (intra‐African migrant) – between two atlas periods: 1987–1991 and 2007–2012. During this time period, Palearctic migrants advanced their departure from their South African nonbreeding grounds. This trend was mainly driven by waterbirds. No consistent changes were observed for intra‐African migrants. Our results suggest that the most consistent drivers of migration phenological shifts act in the northern hemisphere, probably at the breeding grounds.
Comparative Study on Adhesive Performance of Functional Monomers

Mild self-etch adhesives demineralize dentin only partially, leaving hydroxyapatite around collagen within a submicron hybrid layer. We hypothesized that this residual hydroxyapatite may serve as a receptor for chemical interaction with the functional monomer and, subsequently, contribute to adhesive performance in addition to micro-mechanical hybridization. We therefore chemically characterized the adhesive interaction of 3 functional monomers with synthetic hydroxyapatite, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We further characterized their interaction with dentin ultra-morphologically, using transmission electron microscopy. The monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) readily adhered to hydroxyapatite. This bond appeared very stable, as confirmed by the low dissolution rate of its calcium salt in water. The bonding potential of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (4-MET) was substantially lower. The monomer 2-methacryloxyethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphate (phenyl-P) and its bond to hydroxyapatite did not appear to be hydrolytically stable. Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.
Leptina: una hormona secretada por el tejido adiposo. Primer estudio en muestra poblacional uruguaya

El reciente descubrimiento de la leptina, hormona secretada por el tejido adiposo que modula el gasto energetico ha significado un gigantesco avance en el conocimiento de la obesidad. Si bien se ha descrito recientemente en humanos deficiencia de leptina el modelo humano de obesidad responde fundamentalmente a la situacion de leptino-resistencia. En este trabajo se revisa el conocimiento actual y se muestran los valores de leptina de una poblacion de 101 uruguayos de edad media, de ambos sexos, normopeso y obesos (tabla 1) correlacionados con indice de masa corporal (IMC) como medicion indirecta de grasa total y medida de la cintura (como medida indirecta de grasa visceral) y cadera (grasa periferica). Se realizo composicion corporal por bioimpedancia (BE). Resultados: Se demostro fuerte correlacion entre leptina y grasa corporal total tanto para IMC (r= 0,53, p = 0,0001), como para porcentaje de grasa corporal (por ciento GC) por BE (r = 0,61, p = 0,0001). No existio relacion significativa entre distribucion de la grasa corporal y niveles de leptina. Existio un predominio de los niveles de leptina en el sexo femenino para cualquier valor de IMC y por ciento GC. Tomados en su conjunto estos datos avalan la correlacion de leptina con la masa grasa corporal total
Adaptive modulation, power allocation and control for OFDM wireless networks

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising multiplexing technique for high data rate transmission over wireless radio channels. In this paper, we consider a low mobility, wireless OFDM cellular system. Since a cellular system uses a frequency reuse concept to enhance the efficiency of spectral utilization, it introduces so called cochannel interference (CCI) which is one of the major sources of performance degradation. To mitigate the effect of CCI while satisfying required quality of service, the power level of each subchannel of the OFDM system should be allocated to and controlled at an optimal value such that the system throughput can be maximized by employing adaptive modulation. Due to the effect of the CCI in the multi-cell OFDM system, the optimal values of power levels are very difficult to find. A new distributed suboptimal power allocation algorithm for the multi-cell OFDM system is proposed to increase the system throughput. Numerical results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm over those of the equal power allocation algorithm in various channel conditions.
Local mechanical forces promote polarized junctional assembly and axis elongation in Drosophila

Axis elongation is a conserved process in which the head-to-tail or anterior-posterior (AP) axis of an embryo extends. In Drosophila, cellular rearrangements drive axis elongation. Cells exchange neighbours by converging into transient multicellular vertices which resolve through the assembly of new cell interfaces parallel to the AP axis. We found that new interfaces elongate in pulses correlated with periodic contractions of the surrounding cells. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility globally, or specifically in the cells around multicellular vertices, disrupted the rate and directionality of new interface assembly. Laser ablation indicated that new interfaces sustained greater tension than non-elongating ones. We developed a method to apply ectopic tension and found that increasing AP tension locally increased the elongation rate of new edges by more than twofold. Increasing dorsal-ventral tension resulted in vertex resolution perpendicular to the AP direction. We propose that local, periodic contractile forces polarize vertex resolution to drive Drosophila axis elongation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.10757. 001
Is clinical effectiveness a management issue?

Action on clinical effectiveness is showing that success in implementing evidence based practice is achieved only when there are real local partnerships between clinicians and managers. The challenge is not to turn clinicians into managers but to recognise that some aspects of the task are the direct responsibility of managers. The recent white paper on the NHS, with its emphasis on quality and concept of clinical governance,1 has given added impetus to the creation of these partnerships. The requirement for chief executives of trusts to make “appropriate local arrangements” may make little progress unless doctors and managers reach a shared understanding of their distinct contributions to the development of evidence based practice and generate enthusiasm for the approach in organisations. Progress may be contentious because some clinicians are sceptical about the interest of managers in clinical effectiveness and evidence based practice.2 Clinicians are usually interested—and excited—by discussions about research, but their interest wanes when those discussions progress to questions about the routine use of research findings. Interest in implementation is often viewed …
Grenzüberschreitende Besteuerung: Wie Privatvermögen und Unternehmensgewinne erfasst werden können

Der Artikel beinhaltet Schatzungen des Ausmases der Steuervermeidung im Unternehmensbereich sowie der Steuerhinterziehung vermogender Privatpersonen durch Steueroasen. US-Unternehmen verschieben 20 Prozent ihres Gewinns in Steueroasen – seit den 1980er-Jahren ist ein zehnfacher Anstieg zu verzeichnen. Innerhalb der letzten funfzehn Jahre ist der effektive Korperschaftssteuersatz von 30% auf 20% gesunken. Etwa zwei Drittel dieses Ruckgangs konnen auf wachsende internationale Steuervermeidungspraktiken zuruckgefuhrt werden. Acht Prozent des privaten Finanzvermogens weltweit werden offshore gehalten. Daraus resultiert fur die Staaten ein jahrlicher Steuerausfall von 200 Mrd. US-Dollar (bzw. EUR 130 Mrd.). Obwohl bereits Masnahmen gegen Steuerhinterziehung ergriffen wurden, nehmen Gewinnverlagerung in Steueroasen und das Offshore-Vermogen weiterhin zu. Losungsvorschlage ohne entsprechende Sanktionsmoglichkeiten bestehen bereits, jedoch ware die Schaffung eines weltweiten Finanzregisters am wirkungsvollsten.
Proceedings of the 13th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation

It is with great pleasure that we present the current volume of papers accepted for presentation at the 13th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG 2011), which will be held from September 28th to 30th, 2011 at Loria in Nancy, France. The ENLG 2009 workshop continued a biennial series of workshops on natural language generation that has been running since 1987 and alternates with INLG, the International Conference on Natural Language Generation. Previous European workshops have been held at Royaumont, Edinburgh, Judenstein, Pisa, Leiden, Duisburg, Toulouse, Budapest, Aberdeen, Dagstuhl and Athens. Together with INLG, the ENLG workshop is the main regular forum for presenting and discussing research in Natural Language Generation.
Aerosol Retrievals from Individual AVHRR Channels. Part I: Retrieval Algorithm and Transition from Dave to 6S Radiative Transfer Model

Abstract The present second-generation aerosol retrieval algorithm over oceans used at NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) separately retrieves two values of aerosol optical depth, τ1 and τ2, from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels 1 and 2 centered at λ1 = 0.63 (operational) and λ2 = 0.83 μm (experimental), respectively. From these, an effective Angstrom exponent α, related to particle size, can be derived as α = −ln(τ1/τ2)/ln(λ1/λ2). The single-channel lookup tables, relating reflectance to optical depth in the retrievals, have been precalculated with the Dave (1973) scalar radiative transfer (RT) model. This first part of a two-part paper describes the retrieval algorithm, with emphasis on its RT modeling related elements, and documents the transition to the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S; 1997) RT model. The new 6S RT model has the capability to account for reflection from wind-roughened sea surface, o.
Reducing the steady flow force acting on the spool by using a simple jet-guiding groove

Reducing the flow induced forces acting on the spool is necessarily important for the energy efficient operation and minimizing the stability problem in different types of spool valves. Aiming to reduce the steady flow force acting on the spool, a simple jet-guiding groove is proposed. It is V-groove created on the side face of the spool land. By means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the effectiveness of proposed jet-guiding groove is analyzed at various spool strokes and depths of the groove. The port width to spool stroke ratio is varied in the range of 0.1-0.5. The ratio of land face depth to groove depth is varied as 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1. The results show that compared to the traditional spool, the spool with jet-guiding groove can proportionally reduce the steady flow force at every spool stroke. The deeper the depth, the more effective the jet-guiding groove in reducing flow force. Providing the same flow control capability as the traditional spool and other multiple advantages, the spool with jet-guiding groove can reduce the power requirement in operation.
Nematode distributions as spatial null models for macroinvertebrate species richness across environmental gradients: A case from mountain lakes

Abstract Nematode species are widely tolerant of environmental conditions and disperse passively. Therefore, the species richness distribution in this group might largely depend on the topological distribution of the habitats and main aerial and aquatic dispersal pathways connecting them. If so, the nematode species richness distributions may serve as null models for evaluating that of other groups more affected by environmental gradients. We investigated this hypothesis in lakes across an altitudinal gradient in the Pyrenees. We compared the altitudinal distribution, environmental tolerance, and species richness, of nematodes with that of three other invertebrate groups collected during the same sampling: oligochaetes, chironomids, and nonchironomid insects. We tested the altitudinal bias in distributions with t‐tests and the significance of narrow‐ranging altitudinal distributions with randomizations. We compared results between groups with Fisher's exact tests. We then explored the influence of environmental factors on species assemblages in all groups with redundancy analysis (RDA), using 28 environmental variables. And, finally, we analyzed species richness patterns across altitude with simple linear and quadratic regressions. Nematode species were rarely biased from random distributions (5% of species) in contrast with other groups (35%, 47%, and 50%, respectively). The altitudinal bias most often shifted toward low altitudes (85% of biased species). Nematodes showed a lower portion of narrow‐ranging species than any other group, and differed significantly from nonchironomid insects (10% and 43%, respectively). Environmental variables barely explained nematode assemblages (RDA adjusted R2 = 0.02), in contrast with other groups (0.13, 0.19 and 0.24). Despite these substantial differences in the response to environmental factors, species richness across altitude was unimodal, peaking at mid elevations, in all groups. This similarity indicates that the spatial distribution of lakes across altitude is a primary driver of invertebrate richness. Provided that nematodes are ubiquitous, their distribution offers potential null models to investigate species richness across environmental gradients in other ecosystem types and biogeographic regions.
A Cyclophilin Function in Hsp90-Dependent Signal Transduction

Cpr6 and Cpr7, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologs of cyclophilin-40 (CyP-40), were shown to form complexes with Hsp90, a protein chaperone that functions in several signal transduction pathways. Deletion of CPR7 caused severe growth defects when combined with mutations that decrease the amount of Hsp90 or Sti1, another component of the Hsp90 chaperone machinery. The activities of two heterologous Hsp90-dependent signal transducers expressed in yeast, glucocorticoid receptor and pp60v−src kinase, were adversely affected by cpr7 null mutations. These results suggest that CyP-40 cyclophilins play a general role in Hsp90-dependent signal transduction pathways under normal growth conditions.
Any-Time Methods for Time-Series Prediction with Missing Observations

We consider the problem of time-series prediction with missing observations. We consider the autoregressive model (AR model) and cast the problem as a regression problem. On the basic of sampling methods and the online gradient descent (OGD), we propose efficient any-time methods to solve this problem. We show that our algorithm can learn the underlying model efficiently, meanwhile, is robust to the missing observations.
Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex.

We studied stretch reflexes of soleus muscles of intercollicularly decerebrated cats using a new technique for estimating the component of a stretch reflex that results from the purely mechanical properties of the active muscle (mechanical response). The difference between a net stretch reflex and its underlying mechanical response provided a direct measure of reflex action. 1. The relative contributions of reflex action and the mechanical response are different for stretch and release. With stretch, reflex action is generally large and the mechanical response small. The opposite is true with release. The property that remains relatively constant, when stretch and release are compared, is the net stiffness in opposition to length change. We concluded that reflex action compensates for variations in the inherent stiffness of the muscle. 2. Compensation is effective over a range of intermediate values of initial force, but it fails whenever the reflex force approaches zero or the maximal force at that length. 3. Reflex action is capable of modifying muscular force within 22 ms of the onset of length change. This indicates that even during a fast gallop, there is sufficient time for reflex action. 4. The mechanical properties of the active soleus muscle are highly nonlinear; e.g., muscular stiffness becomes negative transiently during stretch. In stable decerebrate preparations we found that reflex action resulted in a considerable improvement in linearity. 5. Our results support two complementary hypotheses: a) stiffness may be the regulated property of the stretch reflex, and b) the main function of autogenetic reflexes may be to conpensate for variations in the properties of skeletal muscle rather than to oppose changes in load.
Using systemic approaches, methods and techniques in rehabilitation medicine

This series of articles for rehabilitation in practice aims to cover a knowledge element of the rehabilitation medicine curriculum. Nevertheless they are intended to be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience. The competency addressed in this article is ‘The trainee demonstrates a knowledge of benefits and limitations of counselling approaches, specifically in this article systemic family therapy. ’
Association of participation in a mindfulness program with measures of PTSD, depression and quality of life in a veteran sample.

OBJECTIVES To assess outcomes of veterans who participated in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). DESIGN Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, functional status, behavioral activation, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness were assessed at baseline, and 2 and 6 months after enrollment. RESULTS At 6 months, there were significant improvements in PTSD symptoms (standardized effect size, d = -0.64, p< 0.001); depression (d = -0.70, p<0.001); behavioral activation (d = 0.62, p<0.001); mental component summary score of the Short Form-8 (d = 0.72, p<0.001); acceptance (d = 0.67, p<0.001); and mindfulness (d = 0.78, p<0.001), and 47.7% of veterans had clinically significant improvements in PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS MBSR shows promise as an intervention for PTSD and warrants further study in randomized controlled trials.