Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explicit high-order noncanonical symplectic algorithms for ideal two-fluid systems

An explicit high-order noncanonical symplectic algorithm for ideal two-fluid systems is developed. The fluid is discretized as particles in the Lagrangian description, while the electromagnetic fields and internal energy are treated as discrete differential form fields on a fixed mesh. With the assistance of Whitney interpolating forms, this scheme preserves the gauge symmetry of the electromagnetic field, and the pressure field is naturally derived from the discrete internal energy. The whole system is solved using the Hamiltonian splitting method discovered by He et al., which was been successfully adopted in constructing symplectic particle-in-cell schemes. Because of its structure preserving and explicit nature, this algorithm is especially suitable for large-scale simulations for physics problems that are multi-scale and require long-term fidelity and accuracy. The algorithm is verified via two tests: studies of the dispersion relation of waves in a two-fluid plasma system and the oscillating two-stream instability.
The Role of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in the Management of HIV Infection

Despite multiple studies demonstrating the relation between the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and adherence, inadequate adherence continues to be one of the most frequent reasons for poor treatment outcomes and/or lack of sustained treatment benefits. Interventions targeting patient-related social and psychologic barriers to adherence and issues related to mental health and substance abuse and access to health care may ameliorate their negative impact on adherence. Specific drug-related factors that influence adherence such as pill burden, dosing frequency, food requirements, and acute tolerability and safety concerns, however, are further issues that must be considered to optimize adherence. Fortunately, the availability of once-daily and coformulated agents with simple dosing requirements may help to improve adherence, and thereby make the difference between success and failure of HAART for some patients. A better understanding of adherence and its determinants and how to define specific goals in a given clinical setting are keys for clinicians to become more effective partners with patients in the achievement and maintenance of long-term virologic suppression and, more importantly, long-term health.
Long-term memory for performed and observed actions: Retrieval awareness and source monitoring

The self-performed task (SPT) paradigm was employed to investigate incidental memory for action events, focusing on states of awareness at retrieval (Remembering–Knowing) and source monitoring in performed and observed actions, at delays of 1 and 2 weeks. Recognition was better for performed than observed actions, but this effect was visible only after 1 week of retention. Conversely, observed actions were associated with better source memory at both delays. When the source was correctly identified, performed and observed actions were accompanied by equal proportions of Remember judgements. However, when source monitoring was incorrect, performed actions were more frequently associated with a feeling of re-experiencing the original event, thus suggesting an enactment-related recollective superiority, although secondary to the availability of reliable contextual information.
On universal coding for classes of composite and remote sources with memory

Weakly minimax universal codes for composite sources whose channel analog has asymptotically decreasing input memory and anticipation (ADIMA) are examined. In particular, weak universal codes of all rates with respect to an arbitrary distortion measure are shown to exist for ADIMA composite sources when the switch processes belong to a \bar{d} -compact class. These results are immediately applicable to universal coding for classes of remote sources.
BURNOUT, DISCURSO DO SUJEITO COLETIVO E ASPECTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS EM PASTORAS E PASTORES

Este trabalho buscou identificar burnout e sistematizar aspectos psicossociais no discurso de 10 pastoras e 10 pastores atraves do metodo do Discurso do sujeito coletivo. Atraves da analise qualitativa, as 11 categorias elencadas foram agrupadas em 3 macrocategorias, cada uma dessas relacionadas as dimensoes da Sindrome de Burnout. A analise quantitativa foi feita a caracter de Estatistica descritiva com a distribuicao de sujeitos (α), frequencias, medias e desvios padrao em cada uma das categorias. Dentre os 20 participantes, 19 estao inseridos nas 3 macrocategorias Esgotamento emocional, Despersonalizacao e Baixa Realizacao Profissional e nao se observou diferencas supostamente relevantes quanto ao genero, cargo, trabalho em equipe ou sozinho e tempo de trabalho. Por sua vez, nas categorias, observou-se diferencas supostamente relevantes, a saber: Cobranca e Solidao com maior frequencia no discurso das mulheres e Isolamento com maior frequencia nos discursos dos homens. Desconfianca e Cobranca/expectativa elevada de terceiros maior frequencia no discurso de pastores com cargo de titulares e Sobrecarga, Auto cobranca, Culpa, Pensou em desistir e Desconfianca com maior frequencia nos discursos dos que trabalham sozinhos. Sobrecarga com maior frequencia nos discursos dos que possuem ate 10 anos de ministerio; Envolvimento emocional demasiado com o trabalho, Auto cobranca, pensou em desistir, com maior frequencia nos discursos dos que possuem 16-20 anos de ministerio. A pesquisa tem um carater exploratorio e novos estudos, se fazem necessarios para aprofundamento das tendencias aqui apontadas
Digital beam-forming implementation for downlink smart antenna system

In this paper, we present a new structure to implement a switch-beam smart antenna system. The system is able to produce the beam with 6-degree beam-width and steer the beam from 0 to180 degrees in azimuth angle. The proposed system takes the advantage of integrated digital signal processing (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA). In the system, the TI DSP performs digital beamforming and sidelobe cancellation algorithms, while the APEX FPGA performs channel separation and synchronization tasks. The system is aimed to operate with sixteen elements in the array. Therefore, sixteen complex weights are produced according to user's location. The user signal after phase adjustment is further manipulated by Dolph-Chebyshev's coefficients to achieve the desired main-lobe to side-lobe ratio. After performing the side-lobe cancellation and beamforming by DSP, the FPGA splits the DSP's output to sixteen channels linked to 16 Microstrip antennas. The results drawn in Matlab indicate that there is 100% agreement between simulation results and hardware outputs.
Academia.edu: Social network or Academic Network?

Academic social network sites Academia.edu and ResearchGate, and reference sharing sites Mendeley, Bibsonomy, Zotero, and CiteULike, give scholars the ability to publicize their research outputs and connect with each other. With millions of users, these are a significant addition to the scholarly communication and academic information‐seeking eco‐structure. There is thus a need to understand the role that they play and the changes, if any, that they can make to the dynamics of academic careers. This article investigates attributes of philosophy scholars on Academia.edu, introducing a median‐based, time‐normalizing method to adjust for time delays in joining the site. In comparison to students, faculty tend to attract more profile views but female philosophers did not attract more profile views than did males, suggesting that academic capital drives philosophy uses of the site more than does friendship and networking. Secondary analyses of law, history, and computer science confirmed the faculty advantage (in terms of higher profile views) except for females in law and females in computer science. There was also a female advantage for both faculty and students in law and computer science as well as for history students. Hence, Academia.edu overall seems to reflect a hybrid of scholarly norms (the faculty advantage) and a female advantage that is suggestive of general social networking norms. Finally, traditional bibliometric measures did not correlate with any Academia.edu metrics for philosophers, perhaps because more senior academics use the site less extensively or because of the range informal scholarly activities that cannot be measured by bibliometric methods.
Safety of Vendor-Prepared Foods: Evaluation of 10 Processing Mobile Food Vendors in Manhattan

Objectives. Unsanitary food handling is a major public health hazard. There are over 4,100 mobile food vendors operating in New York City, and of these, approximately forty percent are processing vendors—mobile food units on which potentially hazardous food products are handled, prepared, or processed. This pilot study assesses the food handling practices of 10 processing mobile food vendors operating in a 38-block area of midtown Manhattan (New York City) from 43rd Street to 62nd Street between Madison and Sixth Avenues, and compares them to regulations stipulated in the New York City Health Code. Methods. Ten processing mobile food vendors located in midtown Manhattan were observed for a period of 20 minutes each. Unsanitary food handling practices, food storage at potentially unsafe temperatures, and food contamination with uncooked meat or poultry were recorded. Results. Over half of all vendors (67%) were found to contact served foods with bare hands. Four vendors were observed vending with visibly dirty hands or gloves and no vendor once washed his or her hands or changed gloves in the 20-minute observation period. Seven vendors had previously cooked meat products stored at unsafe temperatures on non-heating or non-cooking portions of the vendor cart for the duration of the observation. Four vendors were observed to contaminate served foods with uncooked meat or poultry. Conclusions. Each of these actions violates the New York City Code of Health and potentially jeopardizes the safety of these vendor-prepared foods. More stringent adherence to food safety regulations should be promoted by the New York City Department of Health.
MRI evaluation of the contralateral breast in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Even after careful clinical and mammographic evaluation, cancer is found in the contralateral breast in up to 10% of women who have received treatment for unilateral breast cancer. We conducted a study to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could improve on clinical breast examination and mammography in detecting contralateral breast cancer soon after the initial diagnosis of unilateral breast cancer. METHODS A total of 969 women with a recent diagnosis of unilateral breast cancer and no abnormalities on mammographic and clinical examination of the contralateral breast underwent breast MRI. The diagnosis of MRI-detected cancer was confirmed by means of biopsy within 12 months after study entry. The absence of breast cancer was determined by means of biopsy, the absence of positive findings on repeat imaging and clinical examination, or both at 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS MRI detected clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer in the contralateral breast in 30 of 969 women who were enrolled in the study (3.1%). The sensitivity of MRI in the contralateral breast was 91%, and the specificity was 88%. The negative predictive value of MRI was 99%. A biopsy was performed on the basis of a positive MRI finding in 121 of the 969 women (12.5%), 30 of whom had specimens that were positive for cancer (24.8%); 18 of the 30 specimens were positive for invasive cancer. The mean diameter of the invasive tumors detected was 10.9 mm. The additional number of cancers detected was not influenced by breast density, menopausal status, or the histologic features of the primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS MRI can detect cancer in the contralateral breast that is missed by mammography and clinical examination at the time of the initial breast-cancer diagnosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00058058 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Characterization of the antibody response to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide at the cellular level. I. Dose-response studies and the effect of prior immunization on the magnitude of the antibody response.

The cytokinetics of the antibody to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) were characterized by an immuno-plaque procedure using erythrocytes sensitized with SSS-III. Prior immunization, irrespective of the doses employed, did not result in the development of immunological memory; instead, low-dose paralysis was produced in mice previously immunized with all doses of SSS-III. Dose-response studies revealed that within a given dose range, there was a direct relationship between the immunizing dose and the magnitude of the antibody response obtained. The dose-response curve for SSS-III showed a single optimal dose for immunization; doses only slightly in excess of the optimal dose produced a significant reduction in the magnitude of the antibody response. The implications of these findings, with respect to the development of paralysis to SSS-III, are discussed.
Posterior Augmentation of an Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Minimally Invasive Fixation Versus Pedicle Screws In Vitro

Study Design. An in vitro biomechanical comparison of four posterior fixation techniques in the setting of an anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). Objective. To compare the initial stability, in terms of range of motion and neutral zone, provided by pedicle screws, facet screws, translaminar facet screws, and H-graft plus interspinous cables in the presence of an anteriorly placed femoral ring allograft. Summary of Background Data. Pedicular fixation has been used to increase ALIF fusion rates but has also been linked with increased morbidity. Alternative posterior fixation options are available, but comprehensive biomechanical comparisons of these techniques do not exist. Methods. Twelve cadaveric lumbar motion segments were loaded to 5 Nm in unconstrained flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial torsion. Specimens were tested intact, after ALIF, and after applying pedicle screws, translaminar screws, facet screws, and H-graft plus cables. The resulting neutral zones and ranges of motion were measured. Results. The mean (±SEM) range of motion for each construct in flexion-extension was as follows: intact: 6.39° (±0.47°); ALIF alone: 3.31° (±0.22°); (ALIF+) pedicle screws: 0.6° (±0.06°); facet screws: 0.75° (±0.12°); translaminar screws: 0.61° (±0.09°); and H-graft: 1.74° (±0.26°). Pedicle, translaminar facet, and facet screws significantly decreased range of motion and neutral zone compared to ALIF alone in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial torsion (all at P < 0.04, except translaminar screws in torsion neutral zone where P = 0.09). H-graft decreasedflexion-extension range of motion and neutral zone only (P < 0.01) and resulted in a significantly greater neutral zone than pedicle and facet screws in torsion and lateral bending neutral zones (P < 0.03). Conclusions. In the ALIF setting, facet screw and translaminar screw techniques, which may be associated with less morbidity than pedicle screws clinically, provided initial posterior stabilization similar to pedicular fixation in this in vitro study.
Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning: A Perspective on Root Sugar Sensing and Hormonal Crosstalk

Plant responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide will be of great concern in the future, as carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) are predicted to continue to rise. Elevated [CO2] causes increased photosynthesis in plants, which leads to greater production of carbohydrates and biomass. Which organ the extra carbohydrates are allocated to varies between species, but also within species. These carbohydrates are a major energy source for plant growth, but they also act as signaling molecules and have a range of uses beyond being a source of carbon and energy. Currently, there is a lack of information on how the sugar sensing and signaling pathways of plants are affected by the higher content of carbohydrates produced under elevated [CO2]. Particularly, the sugar signaling pathways of roots are not well understood, along with how they are affected by elevated [CO2]. At elevated [CO2], some plants allocate greater amounts of sugars to roots where they are likely to act on gene regulation and therefore modify nutrient uptake and transport. Glucose and sucrose also promote root growth, an effect similar to what occurs under elevated [CO2]. Sugars also crosstalk with hormones to regulate root growth, but also affect hormone biosynthesis. This review provides an update on the role of sugars as signaling molecules in plant roots and thus explores the currently known functions that may be affected by elevated [CO2].
Theoretical Explanations of Jyoshi Kousei ("JK Business") in Japan

Jyoshi kousei ( JK) means high school girls in Japanese and “JK business” is an umbrella term for commercial activities done by high school girls to provide male customers with sexual arousal. The “JK business” is considered to promote sexual exploitation or sexual assault of minors. Currently, only two prefectures out of 47 in Japan enforce ordinances that specifically regulate the “JK business. ” This paper intends to explore possible theoretical explanations of the “JK business” to raise awareness on the issue. Gendered pathways theory and sexual script theory are selected as the primary source of the discussions. Policy implications and future research recommendations derived from the discussion are provided.
Guideline Coverage: This topic is also addressed in: 1. TIP 43: Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs, SAMHSA 2008. 2. TIP 40: Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction, pp.68-70. http://www.kap.samhsa.gov/products

Clinical Questions: 1. If a female patient of child-bearing age is requesting buprenorphine treatment, what should I do? (i.e. informed consent, birth control, etc) 2. If a patient is already on buprenorphine. Should I keep her on it during a pregnancy? 3. Does it matter whether she is given the mono (buprenorphine) or combo (buprenorphine/naloxone) product? 4. If a new opioid-dependent patient is pregnant and requests buprenorphine treatment, what should I do? 5. Is buprenorphine treatment during pregnancy safe? 6. How can detoxification (medically supervised withdrawal) be carried out if a pregnant patient wants to stop all opioids, including buprenorphine? 7. How does buprenorphine treatment compare with methadone treatment for pregnant women? 8. Does treatment of pregnant women change, depending on whether the patient abuses heroin or prescription opioids? 9. Is breastfeeding safe while taking buprenorphine? 10. What neonatal withdrawal is expected when mothers take buprenorphine?
A Review of Global Progress toward the Millennium Development Goal 1 Hunger Target

Background The hunger component of the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) aims to reduce the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by half between 1990 and 2015. In low- and middle-income countries, progress has been mixed, with approximately 925 million people hungry and 125 million and 195 million children underweight and stunted, respectively. Objective To assess global progress on the hunger component of MDG1 and evaluate the success of interventions and country programs in reducing undernutrition. Methods We review global progress on the hunger component of MDG1, examining experience from 40 community-based programs as well as national efforts to move interventions to scale drawn from the published and gray literature, alongside personal interviews with representatives of governments and development agencies. Results Based on this review, most strategies being implemented and scaled are focusing on treatment of malnutrition and rooted within the health sector. While critical, these programs generally address disease-related effects and emphasize the immediate determinants of undernutrition. Other major strategies to tackle under-nutrition rely on the production of staple grains within the agriculture sector. These programs address hunger, as opposed to improving the quality of diets within communities. Strategies that adopt multisectoral programming as crucial to address longer-term determinants of undernutrition, such as poverty, gender equality, and functioning food and health systems, remain under-developed and under-researched. Conclusions This review suggests that accelerating progress toward the MDG1 targets is less about the development of novel innovations and new technologies and more about putting what is already known into practice. Success will hinge on linking clear policies with effective delivery systems in working towards an evidence-based and contextually relevant multisectoral package of interventions that can rapidly be taken to scale.
A Markov decision process approach to temporal modulation of dose fractions in radiation therapy planning

The current state of the art in cancer treatment by radiation optimizes beam intensity spatially such that tumors receive high dose radiation whereas damage to nearby healthy tissues is minimized. It is common practice to deliver the radiation over several weeks, where the daily dose is a small constant fraction of the total planned. Such a ‘fractionation schedule’ is based on traditional models of radiobiological response where normal tissue cells possess the ability to repair sublethal damage done by radiation. This capability is significantly less prominent in tumors. Recent advances in quantitative functional imaging and biological markers are providing new opportunities to measure patient response to radiation over the treatment course. This opens the door for designing fractionation schedules that take into account the patient's cumulative response to radiation up to a particular treatment day in determining the fraction on that day. We propose a novel approach that, for the first time, mathematically explores the benefits of such fractionation schemes. This is achieved by building a stylistic Markov decision process (MDP) model, which incorporates some key features of the problem through intuitive choices of state and action spaces, as well as transition probability and reward functions. The structure of optimal policies for this MDP model is explored through several simple numerical examples.
Evaluación sobre paneles solares e implementación de prototipo con interfaz para medición de parámetros mediante minicomputadora Raspberry Pi

Nuestro sistema de adquisicion de datos se desarrolla en la minicomputadora Raspberry Pi cuyo sistema operativo es Raspbian basado en la plataforma Linux, un software libre por lo que se encuentra al alcance de cualquier usuario, se puede realizar implementaciones en cualquier lenguaje de programacion compatible con el sistema operativo, en nuestro caso utilizaremos el lenguaje C que nos proporcionara las principales sentencias utiles para realizar la captura de datos con el puerto gpio esto se logra gracias a la implementacion de la libreria Wiringpi que contiene la capacidad de administrar los pines de proposito general utiles durante el desarrollo de la presente tesina.