Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive copy number and gene expression profiling of the 17q23 amplicon in human breast cancer

The biological significance of DNA amplification in cancer is thought to be due to the selection of increased expression of a single or few important genes. However, systematic surveys of the copy number and expression of all genes within an amplified region of the genome have not been performed. Here we have used a combination of molecular, genomic, and microarray technologies to identify target genes for 17q23, a common region of amplification in breast cancers with poor prognosis. Construction of a 4-Mb genomic contig made it possible to define two common regions of amplification in breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of 184 primary breast tumors by fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays validated these results with the highest amplification frequency (12.5%) observed for the distal region. Based on GeneMap'99 information, 17 known genes and 26 expressed sequence tags were localized to the contig. Analysis of genomic sequence identified 77 additional transcripts. A comprehensive analysis of expression levels of these transcripts in six breast cancer cell lines was carried out by using complementary DNA microarrays. The expression patterns varied from one cell line to another, and several overexpressed genes were identified. Of these, RPS6KB1, MUL, APPBP2, and TRAP240 as well as one uncharacterized expressed sequence tag were located in the two common amplified regions. In summary, comprehensive analysis of the 17q23 amplicon revealed a limited number of highly expressed genes that may contribute to the more aggressive clinical course observed in breast cancer patients with 17q23-amplified tumors.
Process Variability Analysis in 14-nm SOI FinFET Inverters

A comprehensive simulation analysis of process induced variations on 14-nm technology node silicon on insulator (SOI) FinFET and impact of these variations on delay and static power dissipation of FinFET inverter has been presented in this paper. Process parameters such as Gate length (Lg), Width of the fin (Wfin), Gate oxide thickness (Tox) and Height of the fin (Hfin) are considered. In modelling of parameter variation, well-known statistical, DoE/RSM techniques are adapted and the analytical results are extracted from the model. It was found that, the delay is affected by fin dimension variations such as height and width of the fin. Effect of fin width variations on delay can be minimized by choosing low fin heights. The variations in gate oxide thickness imposes major impact on static power and that of gate length variation is relatively small. Variation in static power due to the Lg can be minimised by keeping thicker oxides.
Specific Antibodies to Poliovirus Type I in Breastmilk of Unvaccinated Mothers before and Seven Years after Start of Community‐Wide Vaccination of Their Infants with Live, Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

ABSTRACT. Secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies against poliovirus type 1 were determined using the ELISA method in breastmilk samples obtained each month from 100 young, healthy, unvaccinated mothers living in urban slum areas of Lahore, Pakistan. The study covered two different groups, one in 1980–1981 and the other in 1987, before and seven years after a nation‐wide expanded programme of childhood immunization (EPI) had started. The SIgA titres did not change neither with duration of lactation nor with time after vaccination in the infants of the mothers studied. The seasonal breastmilk IgA antibody titres to poliovirus type 1 corresponded to the epidemiological conditions existing both before (1980–81) and after general vaccination coverage with live, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) had reached 80% of the infant population (1987). Neutralization titres did not seem to correlate well with ELISA titres although colostrum samples had high levels of neutralizing antibodies. The wide variation between high (> 10 000) and low (<500) individual breastmilk IgA antibody titres observed during various seasons could be of consequence for the breast‐fed baby. Colostrum, which was also found to have significant neutralization capacity, might interfere with the OPV now often given on the day of birth.
A Methodology of Extended Changing Crossover Operators to Solve the Traveling Salesman Problem

In order efficiently to obtain an approximate solution of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), extended changing crossover operators (ECXOs) which can substitute any crossover operator of genetic algorithms (GAs) and ant colony optimization (ACO) for another crossover operator at any time is proposed. In our study ECXO uses both of EX (or ACO) and EXX (edge exchange crossover) in early generations to create local optimum sub-paths, and it uses EAX (edge assembly crossover) to create a global optimum solution after generations. With EX or ACO any individual or any ant determines the next city he visits based on lengths of edges or tours' lengths deposited on edges as pheromone, and he generates local optimum paths. With EXX the generated path converges to a provisional optimal path. With EAX a parent exchanges his edges with another parent's ones reciprocally to create sub-cyclic paths, before restructuring a cyclic path by combining the sub-cyclic paths with making distances between them minimum. In this paper validity of ECXO is verified by C experiments using medium-sized problems such as pcb442, etc. in TSPLIB. From our C experiments, we can see that the above ECXO (EX (or ACO) (rarrEXX)rarrEAX) can find the best solution earlier than EAX, where EX, ACO and EXX deliver their offspring to EAX.
A metric of our own: Failure to rescue after trauma

BACKGROUND Failure to rescue (FTR) is defined as death after an adverse event. The original metric was derived in elective surgical populations and reclassifies deaths not preceded by recorded adverse events as FTR cases under the assumption these deaths resulted from missed adverse events. This approach lacks face validity in trauma because patients often die without adverse events as a direct result of injury. Another common approach simply excludes deaths without recorded adverse events, but this approach reduces the reliability of the FTR metric. We hypothesized that a hybrid metric excluding expected deaths but otherwise including patients without recorded adverse events in FTR analysis would improve face validity and reliability relative to existing methods. METHODS Using 3 years of single-state adult trauma registry data from 30 trauma centers, we constructed 3 FTR metrics: (1) excluding deaths not preceded by adverse events (FTR-E), (2) reclassifying deaths not preceded by adverse events (FTR-R), and (3) including deaths not preceded by adverse events in FTR analysis except those with predicted mortality or greater than 50% (FTR-T). Mortality, adverse event, and FTR rates were calculated under each method, and reliability was tested using Spearman correlation for split-sample center rankings. RESULTS A total of 89,780 patients were included (median age, 57 years [interquartile range, 26–73 years]; 85% were white; 59% were male; 92% had blunt mechanism of injury; median Injury Severity Score, 9 [interquartile range, 5–14]). The FTR rates varied by metric (FTR-E, 11.2%; FTR-R, 31.2%; FTR-T, 21.4%), as did the proportion of deaths preceded by adverse events (FTR-E, 28%; FTR-R, 100%; FTR-T, 60%). Spit-sample reliability was higher FTR-T than FTR-E (&rgr; = 0.59 vs. = 0.27, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A trauma-specific FTR metric increases face validity and reliability relative to other FTR methods that may be used in trauma populations. Future trauma outcomes studies examining FTR rates should use a metric designed for this cohort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective cohort study, outcomes, level III.
Predicting quit attempts among homeless smokers seeking cessation treatment: an ecological momentary assessment study.

INTRODUCTION Homeless adults are more likely to smoke tobacco and are less likely to successfully quit smoking than smokers in the general population, despite comparable numbers of cessation attempts and desire to quit. To date, studies that have examined smoking cessation in homeless samples have used traditional lab/clinic-based assessment methodologies. Real-time assessment of key variables may provide new insights into the process of quitting among homeless smokers. METHODS The purpose of the current study was to identify predictors of a quit attempt using real-time assessment methodology during the 6 days prior to a scheduled quit attempt among homeless adults seeking care at a shelter-based smoking cessation clinic. Parameters for multiple variables (i.e., motivation for quitting, smoking expectancies, quit self-efficacy, smoking urges, negative affect, positive affect, restlessness, hostility, and stress) were calculated and were used as predictors of biochemically verified quit date abstinence (i.e., ≥13hr abstinent) using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Participants (n = 57) were predominantly male (59.6%), non-White (68.4%), and smoked an average of 18 cigarettes per day. A total of 1,132 ecological momentary assessments (83% completion rate) were collected at random times (i.e., up to 4 assessments/day) during the 6 days prior to a scheduled quit attempt. Results indicated that declining (negative slope) negative affect, restlessness, and stress predicted quit date abstinence. Additionally, increasing positive coping expectancies across the prequit week predicted quit date abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Study findings highlight multiple variables that may be targeted during the precessation period to increase smoking cessation attempts in this difficult to treat population of smokers.
Generation of schematic network maps with automated detection and enlargement of congested areas

Nowadays, the design of the London Tube map (as a kind of schematic map) has been popularly adopted for transport network maps worldwide because of its great clarity of representation. In such types of map, the shape of the network is simplified and the topology between lines is preserved while the congested areas are enlarged to a desirable scale. Efforts have also been made to automate the production of such maps. However, to our best knowledge, no existing methods have explicitly taken into consideration the automated enlargement of congested areas. As such an enlargement is vital to the improvement of clarity, this paper proposes a new automated method to generate schematic network maps, consisting of (a) automated detection of congested areas, (b) automated enlargement of congested areas to a desirable scale and (c) automated generation of the schematic representation of the deformed network maps using a stroke-based approach. The new method has been tested with two real-life network data sets, i.e. the London Tube and Hong Kong metro data sets, and evaluated by fractal analysis and experimental studies. The results of the evaluation indicate that the new method is able to automatically generate the schematic maps with improved clarity and aesthetics.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in the Hearts of Brazil Project.

BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In Brazil, data on PAD prevalence and risk factors are scarce. OBJECTIVE To assess prevalence and risk factors related to PAD in Brazilian urban centers with more than 100,000 inhabitants. METHODS National, multicenter, cross-sectional study of 1,170 individuals (>18 years), from 72 major Brazilian urban centers participating in the "Hearts of Brazil Project". PAD diagnosis was based on ankle-brachial index (ABI) <or=0.90. The statistical analysis used the corrected Chi-square (Pearson) test for complex samples and confidence intervals. P< 0.05 was considered statitically significant. RESULTS PAD prevalence was 10.5%. Intermittent claudication (IC) was present in only 9% of PAD patients. A significant association was found between PAD and the following factors: diabetes, total and abdominal obesity, stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). There was a trend of higher PAD prevalence among individuals with hypertension, heart failure, chronic renal failure on dialysis, as well as those who had smoked over 20 pack-years. For females, presence of IHD was associated with a 4.9-fold greater risk of PAD. Among males, a 6.6-fold increased risk of PAD was found for diabetic in comparison to non-diabetic individuals. CONCLUSION PAD prevalence was markedly high, considering the low mean age of the studied population (44+/-14.7 yrs). IC was detected in a minority of PAD subjects, indicating a considerable number of asymptomatic individuals. Diabetes, obesity, stroke and IHD were the stronger predictors of PAD. The authors concluded that ABI measurement should be considered in the evaluation of moderate to high cardiovascular risk patients.
Water quality indicators: bacteria, coliphages, enteric viruses

Water quality through the presence of pathogenic enteric microorganisms may affect human health. Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and coliphages are normally used as indicators of water quality. However, the presence of above-mentioned indicators do not always suggest the presence of human enteric viruses. It is important to study human enteric viruses in water. Human enteric viruses can tolerate fluctuating environmental conditions and survive in the environment for long periods of time becoming causal agents of diarrhoeal diseases. Therefore, the potential of human pathogenic viruses as significant indicators of water quality is emerging. Human Adenoviruses and other viruses have been proposed as suitable indices for the effective identification of such organisms of human origin contaminating water systems. This article reports on the recent developments in the management of water quality specifically focusing on human enteric viruses as indicators.
A Review of Multiple-Choice Item-Writing Guidelines for Classroom Assessment

A taxonomy of 31 multiple-choice item-writing guidelines was validated through a logical process that included two sources of evidence: the consensus achieved from reviewing what was found in 27 textbooks on educational testing and the results of 27 research studies and reviews published since 1990. This taxonomy is mainly intended for classroom assessment. Because textbooks have potential to educate teachers and future teachers, textbook writers are encouraged to consider these findings in future editions of their textbooks. This taxonomy may also have usefulness for developing test items for large-scale assessments. Finally, research on multiple-choice item writing is discussed both from substantive and methodological viewpoints.
Development of an adrenocorticotropin-responsive human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line.

CONTEXT The molecular mechanisms regulating adrenal steroidogenesis continue to be defined. The only current human adrenocortical cell line is the NCI-H295 and its substrains. One of the strains, H295R, has retained the ability to respond to angiotensin II (Ang II); however, it lacks ACTH responsiveness. An ACTH-responsive human adrenocortical model would add significantly to studies directed at defining the molecular control of corticosteroid biosynthesis. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to develop a human adrenal cell line that retained both Ang II- and ACTH-regulated corticosteroid production. DESIGN Human adrenocortical carcinoma (HAC) cells were isolated from an adrenal tumor removed from a girl presenting with virilization and hypertension. Clonal populations of cells were established and characterized. HAC cells were treated with ACTH, Ang II, and forskolin, followed by examination of steroidogenic enzyme mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR and steroid production. RESULTS HAC clone 15 (HAC15) cells responded to treatment with ACTH, Ang II, and forskolin, with increased cortisol and aldosterone production. ACTH, Ang II, and forskolin also increased expression of mRNA, encoding all enzymes needed for cortisol and aldosterone biosynthesis, namely steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol side-chain cleavage, cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase-17, 20-lyase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II, 21-hydroxylase, 11beta-hydroxylase, and 11beta-aldosterone synthase. In addition, the cells expressed mRNA for ACTH receptor (MC2R) and Ang II receptor. MC2R protein was also expressed in HAC15 cells. CONCLUSION The current study describes the development and characterization of an ACTH- and Ang II-responsive human adrenal cell line. The HAC15 cell line should provide an important model system for defining the molecular mechanisms regulating aldosterone and cortisol production.
Perils and Pitfalls of OT Research in a Foreign Country: A Reflection

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich. edu/ojot Part of the Occupational Therapy Commons Copyright transfer agreements are not obtained by The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy (OJOT). Reprint permission for this article should be obtained from the corresponding author(s). Click here to view our open access statement regarding user rights and distribution of this article. DOI: 10.15453/2168-6408.1316
Salmonella Flagellin Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in a Human Promonocytic Cell Line

ABSTRACT During infection of the gastrointestinal tract, salmonellae induce cytokine production and inflammatory responses which are believed to mediate tissue damage in the host. In a previous study, we reported that salmonellae possess the ability to stimulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) accumulation in primary human monocytes, as well as in the human promonocytic cell line U38. In this model system, cytokine upregulation is not due to lipopolysaccharide but is mediated by a released protein. In the present study, TnphoA transposon mutagenesis was used to identify the TNF-α-inducing factor. A mutantSalmonella strain which lacks the ability to induce TNF-α was isolated from a TnphoA library. Genetic analysis of this mutant demonstrated that the hns gene has been interrupted by transposon insertion. The hns gene product is a DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of a variety of unrelated genes in salmonellae. One of the known targets of histone-like protein H1 is flhDC, the master operon which is absolutely required for flagellar expression. Analysis of other nonflagellated mutant Salmonella strains revealed a correlation between the ability to induce TNF-α and the expression of the phase 1 filament subunit protein FliC. Complementation experiments demonstrated that FliC is sufficient to restore the ability of nonflagellated mutant Salmonella strains to upregulate TNF-α, whereas the phase 2 protein FljB appears to complement to a lesser extent. In addition, Salmonella FliC can confer the TNF-α-inducing phenotype on Escherichia coli, which otherwise lacks the activity. Furthermore, assembly of FliC into complete flagellar structures may not be required for induction of TNF-α.
Microtubular Fuel Cell with Ultrahigh Power Output per Footprint

A novel realization of microtubular direct methanol fuel cells (µDMFC) with ultrahigh power output is reported by using “rolled‐up” nanotechnology. The microtube (Pt‐RuO2‐RUMT) is prepared by rolling up Ru2O layers coated with magnetron‐sputtered Pt nanoparticles (cat‐NPs). The µDMFC is fabricated by embedding the tube in a fluidic cell. The footprint of per tube is as small as 1.5 × 10−4 cm2. A power density of ≈257 mW cm−2 is obtained, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the present microsized DFMCs. Atomic layer deposition technique is applied to alleviate the methanol crossover as well as improve stability of the tube, sustaining electrolyte flow for days. A laminar flow driven mechanism is proposed, and the kinetics of the fuel oxidation depends on a linear‐diffusion‐controlled process. The electrocatalytic performance on anode and cathode is studied by scanning both sides of the tube wall as an ex situ working electrode, respectively. This prototype µDFMC is extremely interesting for integration with micro‐ and nanoelectronics systems.
MRI Findings of Bilateral Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Postcardiac Transplant Patient

Introduction:Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) is a rare complication of prolonged surgical hypotension. It can occur in patients who have undergone nonocular surgery, particularly associated with significant blood loss, prolonged anesthesia time, and hypotension. Case Report:We report a 48-year-old female patient who developed postoperative visual loss after cardiac transplantation. Her operative course was marked by prolonged hypotension. The patient’s symptoms did not manifest until she was off sedatives. The initial ophthalmoscopic examination performed was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of restricted diffusion in both optic nerves consistent with bilateral PION. Conclusions:PION remains a difficult clinical diagnosis to prove. We report a magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed case of bilateral PION. Radiologic findings, especially diffusion-weighted images, can assist in the early identification of diffusion changes in ischemic optic nerves.
Genital vascular responsiveness and sexual feelings in midlife women: psychophysiologic, brain, and genital imaging studies

The incidence of women’s experiences of lack of sexual arousal increases in the years around the natural menopause transition. This raises the questions to what extent are sexual complaints in postmenopausal women related to hormonal changes, and what is the contribution of psychologic and contextual factors to sexual function in this transitional phase of life. This article reviews all published evidence regarding (1) the relation between menopausal status and sexual arousal symptoms, (2) the extent to which these sexual symptoms relate to measured genital vascular responses to sexual stimuli, and (3) the correlation between women’s genital vascular response and their experience of subjective sexual arousal. Psychophysiologic and preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of increases in genital congestion in response to erotic stimulation fail to identify differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. This suggests that although urogenital aging results in changes in anatomy and physiology of the genitals, postmenopausal women preserve their genital responsivity when sufficiently sexually stimulated. The vaginal dryness and dyspareunia experienced by some postmenopausal women may result from longstanding lack of sexual arousal and protection from pain previously afforded by estrogen-related relatively high blood flow in the unaroused state. Psychophysiologic studies confirm similar increases in genital vasocongestion from erotic stimuli in women with and without chronically low sexual arousal, even in those women focusing specifically on their perceived lack of genital response. Moreover, studies repeatedly confirm highly variable correlations between subjective sexual arousal and measured increases in genital congestion.