Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expected Energy Optimization for Real-Time Multiprocessor SoCs Running Periodic Tasks with Uncertain Execution Time

Energy optimization plays an increasingly critical role in designing an embedded real-time multiprocessor System on Chip (MPSoC). Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Dynamic Power Management (DPM) are preferable techniques to optimize energy consumption. However, previous DVFS and DPM algorithms were mostly designed for inter-task scheduling, without sufficient exploration on intra-task scheduling for further energy reduction. This paper presents a new intra-task scheduling approach considering the probabilistic distribution of task execution time, and it optimizes the mathematical expectation of power consumption (expected power consumption) for periodic dependent tasks with uncertain execution time running on MPSoCs using DVFS and DPM. The energy-efficient scheduling problem can be formulated by means of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) with the proposed technique. Moreover, we also propose a technique to compress the exploration space by reorganizing the probabilistic profiling information of all tasks. Our experimental results on synthetic and realistic benchmarks show that the proposed approach achieves up to 30 percent energy savings compared with other existing methods.
Bandwidth and SNR of Small Receiving Antennas: To Match or Not to Match

In this article, the merits of impedance matching a small antenna to the receiver’s impedance are investigated. The goal is to demonstrate that a small antenna with low radiation resistance and high input reactance, when directly connected to a high-impedance (high-impd) receiver, can provide significantly better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than when it is matched to a standard 50 $\Omega $ input-impedance receiver. Theoretical analysis is first carried out to compare the noise performance of the two receivers by deriving analytical expressions for the SNRs of the receivers. It is shown that the SNR of a high-impd receiver is superior to that of an impedance-matched receiver. Subsequently, two test receivers are constructed and characterized to verify the theoretical calculations. The measured SNR of the high-impd receiver is 11.4 dB higher than that of the matched receiver, even though the first-stage amplifier used in the high-impd receiver has a much worse noise performance compared to that used in the matched receiver. This study demonstrates that matching a receiving antenna to the load impedance is not always the optimal solution as far as the SNR is concerned. Furthermore, unlike a small antenna with a narrow-band matching circuit, a small antenna connected to a high-impd receiver without any matching network provides a very wide bandwidth and overcomes the gain-bandwidth limitation of small antennas. This discovery breaks new ground in the realization of compact wideband systems for low-frequency communications.
Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Volume Bangun Ruang Kelas VI SD Menggunakan Teknologi Augmented Reality dan Animasi 3D Pada Android

Based on observations made in Lab Salatiga Elementary School, use of instructional media use is still rare. This is evident from the provision of the material presented is only using print media or makeshift props. In addition, teachers often deliver material to write on the blackboard, asking the students to move forward work on the problems and create discussion groups. In line with the development of technology, media-based learning android system is expected to provide new things in the process of student learning. In the android system in the form of the application, students can use it as a new game while learning mathematics geometry chapter. Students can engage directly how to analyze form, memorize and use logic in doing the exercises in it, aided by the use of Augmented Reality and modules in the form of guide books so that students have initiative to learn more in the longer subjects of mathematics geometry chapter.
¿Está Afectando el Impuesto Predial el Precio de la Vivienda en Bogotá? Un Análisis Basado en la Econometría Espacial

Este documento provee evidencia sobre los efectos del impuesto predial en los precios de la vivienda nueva en Bogota para el periodo 2009-2016. Se utiliza informacion fiscal y de los atributos fisicos y de localizacion de 6.013 predios residenciales de estratos medios y altos, ubicados en las tres localidades de mayor urbanizacion y contribucion al fisco (Chapinero, Suba y Usaquen). Mediante el uso de modelos espaciales para datos de panel, el trabajo encuentra que los aumentos registrados en la tarifa efectiva del predial han impactado negativamente los precios de los inmuebles y que dicho efecto ha venido aumentando en los ultimos anos. Los resultados son robustos tanto a cambios en la matriz de pesos espaciales como a cambios en las metodologias de estimacion. Los ejercicios controlan por los impactos sobre los precios debidos a los atributos fisicos de las viviendas, su estrato y ubicacion, con resultados coherentes con la evidencia internacional sobre precios hedonicos.
Photobiomodulation therapy in ophthalmology

mice compared to a control group that didn't receive laser light exposure the first of laser stimulation. lightto Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a form of light therapy that utilizes non-ionizing forms of light sources in the far-red to near-infrared spectrum to produce non-thermal photochemical reactions in different biological structures. The paper reviews the experience of implementing (a) PBM in different fields of medicine (e.g., ophthalmology) and (b) the known mechanisms of PBM-induced effects on cells and tissues.
Transmission of Optical Signals for Wireless Communications under Snow Attenuation Effect

The study focused on optical wireless communications link under snow effect. The snow effect has presented the wet and dry attenuation effect. It is taken into account the study of the receiver signal power, link margin, data rate and the signal to noise ratio. The wavelength 10600nm has more stability and better than the wavelength 630nm. On the other hand the wavelength 630nm suffers more attenuation from the wavelength 10600nm. The dry snow has more attenuation comparing with the wet snow. The comparing between the wavelengths shows that the wavelength 10600nm is the best because it has suffered less attenuation and the data rate 100Mb/s can be reached to distance 450m, 350m for wet and dry snow respectively under the same operating conditions.
The democratic foundations of judicial review under authoritarianism: Theory and evidence from Hong Kong

Constitutional judicial review has often been described as "countermajoritarian" and antidemocratic. Recent empirical findings, however, suggest that reviewing courts in some authoritarian states have in fact adopted policies more to the liking of the disenfranchised majority than the unelected ruling elite. This article addresses this gap by proposing a positive theory which explains how judicial review and public opinion could ever mutually reinforce in the absence of viable representative institutions. Evidence from Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty is used to illustrate this theory. In the teeth of persistent authoritarianism, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal's repeated, though not uninterrupted, alignment with public opinion, combined with its strong focal power, has enabled conflicting constitutional players to converge on policy outcomes usually pre- ferable to the people or a majority of them. The Court's ability to "represent" majoritarian public opinion, and public support for its judicial review, have been reinforced by idiosyncratic conditions specified in the theory, which do not generally stabilize or endure in authoritarian polities.
A Technique for Estimating Rangeland Canopy-Gap Size Distributions From High-Resolution Digital Imagery

Abstract The amount and distribution of gaps in vegetation canopy is a useful indicator of multiple ecosystem processes and functions. In this paper, we describe a semiautomated approach for estimating canopy-gap size distributions in rangelands from high-resolution (HR) digital images using image interpretation by observers and statistical image classification techniques. We considered two different classification methods (maximum-likelihood classification and logistic regression) and both pixel-based and object-based approaches to estimate canopy-gap size distributions from 2- to 3-cm resolution UltraCamX color infrared aerial photographs for arid and semiarid shrub sites in Idaho, Nevada, and New Mexico. We compare our image-based estimates to field-based measurements for the study sites. Generally, percent of input points correctly classified and kappa coefficients of agreement for plot image classifications was very high. Plots with low kappa values yielded canopy gap estimates that were very different from field-based estimates. We found a strong relationship (R2 > 0.9 for all four methods evaluated) between image- and field-based estimates of the total percent of the plot in canopy gaps greater than 50 cm for plots with a classification kappa of greater than 0.5. Performance of the remote sensing techniques varied for small canopy gaps (25 to 50 cm) but were very similar for moderate (50 to 200 cm) and large (> 200 cm) canopy gaps. Our results demonstrate that canopy-gap size distributions can be reliably estimated from HR imagery in a variety of plant community types. Additionally, we suggest that classification goodness-of-fit measures are a potentially useful tool for identifying and screening out plots where precision of estimates from imagery may be low. We conclude that classification of HR imagery based on observer-interpreted training points and image classification is a viable technique for estimating canopy gap size distributions. Our results are consistent with other research that has looked at the ability to derive monitoring indicators from HR imagery.
Single-cell multi-omics decodes regulatory programs during development of mouse secondary palate

The abnormal perturbation in gene regulation during palatogenesis may lead to cleft palate, a major congenital birth defect in humans and mice. However, a comprehensive multi-omic map of the developing secondary palate at single-cell resolution is lacking. In this study, we performed single-cell multiome sequencing and profiled chromatin accessibility and gene expression simultaneously within the same cells (n = 36,154) isolated from mouse secondary palate across embryonic days (E) 12.5, E13.5, E14.0, and E14.5. Application of optimal transport reconstructed five trajectories, representing continuous differentiation of multipotent cells into different subpopulations in later stages. By linking open chromatin signals to gene expression changes, we discovered a list of lineage-determining transcription factors, such as Shox2 for the anterior and Dlx1/2 for the posterior palatal mesenchymal trajectories. In conclusion, this study charted epigenetic and transcriptional dynamics during palatogenesis, which provides a valuable resource for the community and facilitate future research in cleft palate. Highlights The first report on building a single-cell multi-omics atlas with joint chromatin accessibility and gene expression measurements from the same cells during the development of mouse secondary palate. Application of optimal transport calculated fate probabilities to different terminal states and recovered continuous landscapes during mouse secondary palate development. By linking cis-regulatory DNA elements to target genes, we characterized a series of transcription factors governing the differentiation of cranial neural crest-derived multipotent cells to the anterior and posterior palatal mesenchymal trajectories, respectively. Transcription factors Shox2 and Dlx1/2 exhibited top regulatory roles for the anterior and posterior palatal mesenchymal trajectories, respectively, showing significant enrichment in both motif accessibility and gene expression.
Hippocampal collagen as a potential target for post-surgical treatment; effects of whole-body vibration and exercise

Peripheral surgery may evoke neuroinflammation, associated with neuronal damage and consequently mental health problems. However, anti-inflammatory treatment showed limited therapeutic efficacy. Preservation of neuron integrity during neuroinflammation, by targeting their protective collagen sheet, may provide an alternative strategy. Whole-body vibration (WBV) and exercise combine anti-inflammatory and collagen-increasing effects in the periphery. The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of postoperative WBV and exercise on hippocampal neuroinflammation and collagen expression. Three months old male Wistar rats underwent abdominal surgery. Starting from one day after surgery, rats were submitted to WBV (10 min, once or twice daily, 30 Hz), running exercise (30 min, daily), or pseudo WBV/exercise, for two weeks. Rats were sacrificed and brain tissue was collected and processed for (immuno)histochemistry. Hippocampal microglia activity, total collagen content, and expression of fibrous and non-fibrous collagen subtypes were analysed. Surgery was associated with increased microglia activity in the CA1 area, which was only partly reversed by the interventions. Surgery specifically reduced total collagen expression in the CA1 area, which was restored by both WBV and exercise. Collagen I was absent in the hippocampal granular layers. The surgery-induced decrease in collagen III expression in the CA1 area was not affected by either WBV or exercise. However, surgery increased collagen III in the CA2 (ns), CA3 and DG. Exercise, and to a lower extent WBV, seemed to (partly) reverse this effect. Collagen IV expression was not altered by surgery, but increased by WBV. No significant effects were observed on collagen VI expression. WBV as well as exercise restored the surgery-induced declined collagen expression, while partly reversing microglia activation in the CA1 area. Moreover, effects on collagen appeared to be subtype- and region-specific, with overall similar effects of WBV and exercise. Nevertheless, the neuroprotective potential of postoperatively altered brain collagen needs further investigation.
Keyword Search over Relational Databases

First,the research background of keyword search over relational databases is presented and is followed by a detailed description of two solutions to this problem,i.e.,data graph based and schema graph based methods,and a discussion of the principles,advantages and disadvantages of these methods is also mentioned.Finally,some future trends in this area are discussed.
Cross-Sectional Estimation Biases in Risk Premia and Zero-Beta Excess Returns

This paper shows that the classic cross-sectional asset pricing tests tend to suffer from severe risk-premium estimation errors because of small variation in betas. We explain how the conventional approach uses low criteria to validate an asset-pricing model and suffers from the model-misspecification issue because of the complication associated with the zero-beta excess return. We show that the resulting biases in estimates of risk premia and their standard errors are severe enough to lead researchers into inferring incorrect implications about some asset-pricing theories being tested. Further, we suggest that one simple method of mitigating these issues is to restrict the zero-beta excess returns to their theoretical values in the crosssectional regressions and to conduct the straightforward test of whether the estimated ex-ante risk premia are consistent with the observed ex-post ones. The empirical testing results not only further affirm the higher efficiency of the estimates produces by the suggested method, but also show, contrary to some prior evidence, that the market factor is priced consistently.
An Empirical Research on Female Income

Female income is one of the important factors that reflect the social status of women. By employing Nationwide Survey on the status of Chinese women, this paper analyzes female income and its influence factors through correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results suggest that gender pay gap still remains; education significantly affects the income, but it is not the reason for causing the income gap; household registration system has an increasing impact upon gender pay gap; Technical and professional titles fail to contribute to the income of female workforce. Keywords—female income; gender pay gap; mincer wage equation
Resistance random access memory

PURPOSE: A resistive random access memory device is provided to prevent sneak path problem by using a thin film structure which directly connects a bi-directional switching layer on a resistance change layer. CONSTITUTION: A first electrode(10) is formed on a thin film layer(20). The thin film layer includes a resistance change layer and a switching layer which are connected with each other. The resistance change layer includes materials with bipolar resistance switching characteristics. The switching layer includes materials with bi-directional switching characteristics. The thin film layer is formed on a second electrode(30).
Value at Risk Forecasting Based on Quantile Regression for GARCH Models

Value-at-Risk(VaR) is an important part of risk management in the financial industry. This paper present a VaR forecasting for financial time series based on the quantile regression for GARCH models recently developed by Lee and Noh (2009). The proposed VaR forecasting features the direct conditional quantile estimation for GARCH models that is well connected with the model parameters. Empirical performance is measured by several backtesting procedures, and is reported in comparison with existing methods using sample quantiles.
Growth and Yield Potential of New Sugarcane Varieties during Plant and First Ratoon Crops

Newly released sugarcane varieties need to be adapted to various environments. This research was aimed at examining the growth and yield potential of newly released varieties of sugarcane in the first year as plant cane (PC) and the second year as first ratoon cane (RC1) on dry land. The research was carried out at Wedarijaksa station, Trangkil Sugar Mill area, Pati, Central Java in 2019–2021. Four sugarcane varieties were grown using a double rows system, AAS Agribun, ASA Agribun, AMS Agribun, and CMG Agribun and one commercial variety, PSJK 922. Measurements of crop growth were made periodically: yield components at harvest in PC-RC1, and physiological characteristics 5 months after planting. The results indicate that mean tonnes of cane and sugar per hectare between PC and RC1 decreased by 22.7% and 21.0%, respectively, for AAS Agribun, ASA Agribun, and CMG Agribun due to decreased stem weights. AMS Agribun showed the smallest decrease in tonnes of cane (4%) and increase in tonnes of sugar per hectare (2%) from PC to RC1. The highest number of tonnes of sugar in PC was achieved by ASA Agribun (12.8 t ha−1), slightly above PSJK 922 (12.69 t ha−1). The decline in tonnes of cane and sugar needs to be reduced by the continuously improving cultivation techniques. The mean photosynthetic water use efficiency of tested new varieties was 7.46 µmol CO2 mol H2O−1. These research findings provide information on crop performance and can be used as a basis for selecting varieties to be developed in the region. Further studies will be required to test these new sugarcane varieties in a wide range of agroecological zones in Indonesia.
Use of different reference values for handgrip strength in individuals with COPD: analysis of agreement, discriminative capacity, and main clinical implications

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify reference values for handgrip strength through a literature search and compare the agreement of reference values from Brazil with others for handgrip strength in a sample of COPD patients in Brazil, as well as to determine which set of reference values is more discriminative regarding differences in clinical characteristics between individuals with low handgrip strength and normal handgrip strength. Methods: To identify reference values for handgrip strength, a literature search was performed; a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of baseline-only data from two unrelated studies was then performed. Individuals were evaluated for handgrip strength, peripheral muscle strength, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, body composition, exercise capacity, dyspnea, and functional status. Results: Of the 45 studies that were initially selected, 9 met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis, which included 99 COPD patients in Brazil (52% of whom were male with GOLD stage II-IV COPD). The prevalence of low handgrip strength varied across studies (from 9% to 55%), the set of reference values for handgrip strength in a sample of individuals in Brazil having classified 9% of the study sample as having low handgrip strength. The level of agreement between the reference values for a sample of individuals in Brazil and the other sets of reference values varied from weak to excellent. The reference values for a sample of individuals in Brazil showed the highest number of significantly different characteristics between individuals with low and normal handgrip strength. Conclusions: The level of agreement between national and international sets of reference values for handgrip strength varied from weak to excellent in COPD patients in Brazil. Reference values for handgrip strength with higher discriminative capacity are not necessarily those that identify more individuals as having low handgrip strength.
Ultra-Low-Power Low-Input-Voltage Charge Pump for Micro-Energy Harvesting Applications

A subthreshold input voltage charge pump based on the well-known cross-coupled voltage doubler and using boosted gate voltages for the transfer switches is presented. A level shifter and some inverters, including a novel inverter architecture proposed in this work and referred to as negative low-state voltage inverter, are used to generate the clock signals for the switching transistors with the purpose of significantly improving their drive capability. A complete analysis of the proposed charge pump is provided to highlight the advantages of the implemented structure, revealing the power efficiency improvement when the input voltage is below the threshold voltage of the transistors. An extensive experimental characterization of silicon prototypes in 180 nm CMOS technology was carried out, showing that the proposed scheme is able to pump charge from an input voltage as low as 110 mV. The experimental peak efficiency remains above 70% for input voltages between 180 mV and 400 mV and input power levels from 45 nW to 25 $\mu \text{W}$ , which are appropriate for different miniaturized transducers implementable on chip.