Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of training-induced fatigue on pacing patterns in 40-km cycling time trials.

INTRODUCTION In some endurance sports, athletes complete several competitions within a short period, resulting in accumulated fatigue. It is unclear whether fatigued athletes choose the same pacing pattern (PP) as when they have recovered. PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze effects of fatigue on PP of cyclists during a 40-km time trial (TT). METHODS Twenty-three male cyclists (28.8 ± 7.6 yr) completed three 40-km TT on a cycle ergometer. TT were conducted before (TT1) and after (TT2) a 6-d training period. A third TT was carried out after 72 h of recovery (TT3). Training days consisted of two cycling sessions: mornings, 1 h at 95% of lactate threshold or 3 × 5 × 30 s all-out sprint; afternoons, 3 h at 80% individual anaerobic threshold. Four-kilometer split times (min) and RPE were recorded during TT. RESULTS Performance decreased from TT1 to TT2 (65.7 ± 3.5 vs 66.7 ± 3.3 min; P < 0.05) and increased from TT2 to TT3 (66.7 ± 3.3 vs 65.5 ± 3.3 min; P < 0.01). PP showed a significant difference between TT1 and TT2 (P < 0.001) as well as between TT2 and TT3 (P < 0.01). PP in TT1 and TT3 showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). In TT1 and TT3, cyclists started faster in the first 4 km compared with TT2. RPE course showed no significant difference between TT (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fatigue reversibly changes the PP of cyclists during a 40-km TT. Participants reduced their power output until premature exhaustion seemed very unlikely. This supports the assumption that pacing includes a combination of anticipation and feedback mechanisms.
Women Scientists in the Leaking Pipeline: Barriers to the Commercialisation of Scientific Knowledge by Women

The modern literature explaining the under-representation of women in science often relate to the shortage of women ‘in the pipeline’. The pipeline flows from one stage to another, and the flow of women diminishes over the stages. Speaking of the stages of career during which women scientists ‘leak’ the most, the commercialisation of science as one of the ultimate stages should be taken into consideration. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss barriers to the commercialisation of scientific knowledge by women. The collected extensive literature allows to pinpoint the reason why scientific career or success fail to provide a springboard for the practical use of knowledge. Analysed research, indicate only some of the barriers, meanwhile this paper collects most of ‘experienced’ obstacles and shows them in ‘leaking pipeline’ context. Barriers originate in at least two sources: women themselves and external factors beyond women’s control.
Endothelial immunogenicity – A matter of matrix microarchitecture

Summary The endothelium is a highly specialized active interface between blood and the underlying tissues, maintaining vascular tone, thrombo-resistance and selective permeability to cells and proteins. It is also an important regulator of inflammatory diseases, and endothelial-leukocyte interactions often herald complex diseases with an inflammatory component.Yet, the exact mechanisms promoting immune activation of endothelial cells (EC) are incompletely understood. Knowledge is accumulating that the immediate environment defines the cellular phenotype, whereby matrix composition and spatial formation (three- versus two-dimensional) seem to act as pivotal mediators. Here we summarize current findings denoting a key role of matrix environment in regulating endothelial immunogenicity. The immune response to three-dimensional matrix-embedded EC stands in stark contrast to the response engendered by injection of these same cells in their free state. Matrix-embedding confers a quiescent endothelial state with reduced expression levels of chemokines, adhesion, costimulatory, and major histocompatibility complex II molecules. Compared to EC grown on two-dimensional tissue culture plates, cytokine-stimulation of matrixembedded EC results in significantly reduced adhesion of natural killer cells and proliferation of co-cultivated allogeneicT cells. On the contrary, matrix-embedded EC induce an immune-inhibitory phenotype of dendritic cells and T regulatory cells to a greater extent than non-embedded EC. As vascular diseases are associated with profound changes in basement membrane composition and overall tissue architecture, our results indicate that the immediate environment of EC might play a pivotal role in initiating and regulating of different vascular diseases. Cell-matrix interconnections appear to govern endothelial immunogenicity and interactions between EC and immune cells.
Castelo de areia: Game to exercise creativity through storytelling

This paper aims to discuss the game Sandcastle (Castelo de Areia), a virtual story generator in which children can use their preferred characters, like princesses or super heroes, add images and sounds that thay made by theirselves or get from a library, and put together in a book that can be saved and shared. In children's recreational therapies such as game therapy, one of the ways that professionals uses to understand the important issues of child development and aspects of their relationship with friends and familiars is through fantasy. In this sense, children's books and fairy and folk tales are important tools. On the other hand, the games bring the playful aspect in the educational universe, helping educators to better understand certain aspects of child development. The proposal of Sand Castle game is, in addition of being a fun tool, be an useful instrument to aid in therapeutic and educational processes. Designed for tablets, it can be used by children from 4 years.
Un modelo de integración del análisis estructural en entornos de cad para estructuras de edificación

En el proyecto de estructuras de edificacion los tecnicos disponen de programas informaticos de calculo que incorporan preprocesadores para la definicion del modelo de la estructura. Basados en soportes graficos facilitan la generacion de la malla de elementos estructurales y la introduccion de los datos que caracterizan el comportamiento de la estructura. Por otra parte los programas de CAD, Diseno Asistido por Ordenador, son el entorno habitual de trabajo en el proyecto de la Arquitectura. El desarrollo de estos programas en la actualidad es tal que permiten definir el proyecto en tres dimensiones y construirlo virtualmente. Siendo la estructura una parte sustancial del proyecto del edificio, el tratamiento de su analisis y calculo se realiza en un entorno diferente al del diseno del proyecto. La tesis propone un modelo que integra dentro de los programas CAD el calculo de la estructura. Se analiza la estructura de los datos que configuran las entidades del programa de diseno y se realiza una aplicacion para definir la estructura con el programa CAD. Se disena un fichero de intercambio de datos entre el modelo definido por entidades graficas y el modelo de analisis de la estructura. Este fichero permite transferir la informacion desde cualquier plataforma CAD y los programas de calculo. Se desarrollan los algoritmos que generan la base de datos del modelo para el calculo a partir de la topologia de la estructura. Implementando estos algoritmos en un programa informatico que completa todo el proceso de diseno y analisis de estructuras de edificacion. El procedimiento se aplica a una diversidad de estructuras modelizadas y analizadas con el programa que muestran la versatilidad y posibilidades del modelo propuesto por esta tesis.
Additive structure in uncountable models for a fixed completion of P

In [6], Nadel showed that if is a recursively saturated model of Pr = Th(ω, +) of power at most ℵ1, then there is a model such that ≡ ∞ω and can be expanded to a recursively saturated model of P. For a fixed completion T of P, can be chosen to have a recursively saturated expansion to a model of T just in case is recursive in T-saturated. (“Recursive in T-saturation” is defined just like recursive saturation except that the sets of formulas considered are those that are recursive in T.) Nadel also showed in [6] that for a fixed completion T of P, a countable nonstandard model of Pr can be expanded to a model of T (not necessarily recursively saturated) iff satisfies a condition called “exp(T)-saturation. ” This condition is stronger than recursive saturation but weaker than recursive in T-saturation. Nadel left open the problem of characterizing the models of Pr of power ℵ1 such that for some , ≣ ∞ω and can be expanded to a model of T. The present paper gives such a characterization. The condition on is that it is recursively saturated, and for each n ∈ ω, the set Tn of Πn-sentences of T is recursive in some type realized in . This result can be interpreted in various ways, just as the results from [6] were interpreted in various ways in [4]. Friedman [2] introduced the notion of a “standard system. ”
Nelson's syndrome; a new look.

Department of Immunopathology Nelson's syndrome is defined as the development of an ACTH-secre t ing pi tu i tary tumor following bilateral adrenalec tomy for p i tu i tary-dependent Cushing's syndrome. ' 2 T h e potential seriousness of these tumors has been repeatedly emphasized. " Polycycloidal poly tomography of the sella allows the detection of minor defects compat ible with small adenomas. It is obvious that the pat ients were not studied this way initially. W e reviewed 38 cases of Cushing 's disease, t ha t is, A C T H d e p e n d e n t adrenocortical hyperplasia t reated f rom 1951 to 1973 at the Cleveland Clinic (Table /) . Five men and 12 women who had undergone either total (eight cases) or subtotal (nine cases) adrenalec tomy for Cushing's syndrome between 1951 and 1973 were examined f rom 1976 to 1979. T w o addi t ional women treated with yt t r ium90 implanta t ion were also studied. T h e original diagnosis of Cushing's disease was verified in all cases by combin ing clinical findings with biochemical studies including the s t andard dexamethasone suppression test (2 m g / d a y for 2 days followed by 8 m g / d a y for 2 days, given orally in divided doses). Pathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis in all surgical cases of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Roentgenographic evaluat ion consisted of polytomography of the sella in all 19 patients. Full
Interleukin‐27 suppresses osteoclastogenesis via induction of interferon‐γ

Interleukin (IL)‐27 is a heterodimeric cytokine that is known to have both stimulatory and inhibitory functions during immune responses. We investigated the effects of IL‐27 on arthritis and bone erosion in the murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model. We demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of IL‐27 on osteoclastogenesis is associated with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) production by using an IFN‐γ knockout mouse model. The IL‐27‐Fc was injected into both CIA and IFN‐γ‐deficient mice. The effects of IL‐27‐Fc on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The IL‐27‐Fc‐injected mice showed significantly lower arthritis indices and fewer tartrate‐resistant acid‐phosphatase‐positive osteoclasts in their joint tissues than untreated mice. Interleukin‐27 inhibited osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells in vitro, which was counteracted by the addition of anti‐IFN‐γ antibody. The IL‐27‐Fc did not affect arthritis in IFN‐γ knockout mice. Interleukin‐27 also suppressed osteoclast differentiation in human and intriguingly, it could promote the expression of IFN‐γ on priming osteoclasts. These results imply that IL‐27 suppressed the generation of CIA and osteoclastogenesis, which were mediated by the induction of IFN‐γ.
Stat-1 Is Not Essential for Inhibition of B Lymphopoiesis by Type I IFNs1

Type I IFNs, IFN-α, -β, and -ω, are cytokine family members with multiple immune response roles, including the promotion of cell growth and differentiation. Conversely, the type I IFNs are potent inhibitors of IL-7-dependent growth of early B lineage progenitors, effectively aborting further B lineage differentiation at the pro-B cell stage. Type I IFNs α and β function via receptor-mediated activation of a Jak/Stat signaling pathway in which Stat-1 is functionally important, because many IFN-induced responses are abrogated in Stat-1-deficient mice. To the contrary, we show here that the inhibition of IL-7-dependent B lymphopoiesis by IFN-αβ is unaffected in Stat-1-deficient mice. The present data indicate that the type I IFNs can activate an alternative signaling pathway in which neither Stat-1 nor phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase are essential components.
Fimbria-Mediated Enhanced Attachment of NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae to Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Respiratory Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is known to predispose children to otitis media and sinusitis due to bacteria such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI). In this study, we investigated the role of NTHI surface outer membrane protein P5-homologous fimbriae (P5-fimbriae) in attachment to RSV-exposed A549 epithelial cells. Analysis by fluorescence flow cytometry showed that a live P5-fimbriated NTHI strain (NTHIF+) attached to a higher proportion of RSV-exposed A549 cells than to control cells (mean, 68% for RSV versus 29% for control; P = 0.008), while attachment of the P5-fimbriae-deficient isogenic mutant strain (NTHIF−) was significantly lower than in control cells and rose only slightly following RSV exposure (mean, 17% for RSV versus 10% for control, P = 0.229). Attachment of NTHIF+ did not correlate with the amount of RSV antigen expressed by A549 cells. Furthermore, paraformaldehyde-fixed NTHIF+ also demonstrated an enhanced binding to RSV-exposed cells. Observations by transmission electronic microscopy showed that the mean number of bacteria attached per 100 RSV-exposed A549 cells was higher for NTHIF+ than NTHIF− (99 versus 18; P < 0.001). No intracellular bacteria were identified. UV-irradiated conditioned supernatants collected from RSV-infected A549 cultures (UV-cRSV) also enhanced the attachment of NTHIF+ to A549, suggesting the presence of a preformed soluble mediator(s) in UV-cRSV that enhances the expression of receptors for P5-fimbriae on A549 cells. In summary, RSV infection significantly enhances NTHI attachment to respiratory epithelial cells. P5-fimbria is the critical appendage of NTHI that participates in this attachment. In clinical settings, blocking of the P5-fimbria-mediated attachment of NTHIF+ by passive or active immunity may reduce the morbidity due to NTHI during RSV infection.
Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un système de pilotage intégrant la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise : Une méthode combinatoire.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Conception et mise en oeuvre d’un système de pilotage intégrant la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise : une méthode combinatoire Rasoarimanana Distler
Effects of bioaugmentation by an anaerobic lipolytic bacterium on anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich waste

The effect of bioaugmentation with an anaerobic lipolytic bacterial strain on the anaerobic digestion of restaurant lipid-rich waste was studied in batch experiments with a model waste containing 10% lipids (triolein) under two sets of experimental conditions: (A) methanogenic conditions, and (B) initially acidogenic conditions in the presence of only the lipolytic strain biomass (4days), followed by methanogenic conditions. The bioaugmenting lipolytic strain, Clostridium lundense (DSM 17049 T ), was isolated from bovine rumen. The highest lipolytic activity was detected at the beginning of the experiments. A higher methane production rate, 27.7cm 3 CH4(STP) g −1 VSadded day −1 (VS, volatile solids) was observed in experiment A with the presence of the bioaugmenting lipolytic strain under methanogenic conditions. The highest initial oleate concentration, 99% of the total oleate contained in the substrate, was observed in the experiments with the bioaugmenting lipolytic strain under treatment A conditions; the levels of palmitate and stearate were also higher until day 15, indicating that the bioaugmentation strategy improved the hydrolysis of the lipid fraction. In general, the results indicated that degradation of the long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) controlled the digestion process.  2006 Society of Chemical Industry
SHEA Guideline for Preventing Nosocomial Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus

pathogens, focusing on the two considered most out of control: MRSA and VRE. METHODS: Medline searches were conducted spanning 1966 to 2002. Pertinent abstracts of unpublished studies providing sufficient data were included. RESULTS: Frequent antibiotic therapy in healthcare settings provides a selective advantage for resistant flora, but patients with MRSA or VRE usually acquire it via spread. The CDC has long-recommended contact precautions for patients colonized or infected with such pathogens. Most facilities have required this as policy, but have not actively identified colonized patients with surveillance cultures, leaving most colonized patients undetected and unisolated. Many studies have shown control of endemic and/or epidemic MRSA and VRE infections using surveillance cultures and contact precautions, demonstrating consistency of evidence, high strength of association, reversibility, a dose gradient, and specificity for control with this approach. Adjunctive control measures are also discussed. CONCLUSION: Active surveillance cultures are essential to identify the reservoir for spread of MRSA and VRE infections and make control possible using the CDC’s long-recom-mended contact precautions ( Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24:362-386). ABSTRACT
Fear of an HIV positive test result: an exploration of the low uptake of couples HIV counselling and testing (CHCT) in a rural setting in Mukono district, Uganda

Background: Couples HIV counselling and testing (CHCT) is a key preventive strategy used to reduce the spread of HIV. In Uganda, HIV prevalence among married or cohabiting couples is 5.6%, compared to 2.2% among those never married. CHCT can help ease disclosure of HIV positive status, which in turn may help increase opportunities to obtain social supports and reduce new infections. The purpose of this study was aimed at exploring the possible reasons for the low uptake of CHCT in Mukono district, a rural in setting in Uganda. Methods: The study was conducted in two sub-counties in a rural district (Mukono district) using a descriptive qualitative research design. Specifically, we conducted four focus group discussions and 10 key informant interviews. We also interviewed 53 individuals in couple relationships. Data were collected mainly in the local language Luganda and English, all data were transcribed into English and coded for emergent themes. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Mengo Hospital Research Review Board and from the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology. Results: Fear of a positive HIV test result emerged strongly as the most significant barrier to CHCT. To a lesser extent, perceptions and knowledge of CHCT, mistrust in marriages and culture were also noted by participants as important barriers to the uptake of CHCT among couples. Participants offered suggestions on ways to overcome these barriers, including peer couple counselling, offering incentives to couples that test together and door-to-door CHCT testing. Conclusion: In an effort to improve the uptake of CHCT, it is crucial to involve both females and males in the planning and implementation of CHCT, as well as to address the misconceptions about CHCT and to prioritise CHCT within health care systems management.
Exposure of rats to exogenous endocrine disruptors 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and benzo(a)pyrene and an estrogenic hormone estradiol induces expression of cytochromes P450 involved in their metabolism.

OBJECTIVES The term "endocrine disruptor" (ED) is used for compounds that mimic or antagonize the effects of endogenous hormones. Synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and a human carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are assigned as exogenous endocrine disruptors and an estrogenic hormone estradiol is a natural endogenous disruptor. Here, the potency of these three disruptors administered to rats individually and in combination to induce expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in their own metabolism (CYP1A1, 2C and 3A) in vivo was investigated. METHODS Changes in CYP protein expression after exposure of rats to BaP, EE2 or estradiol were analyzed by Western blotting. Using the HPLC method, CYP1A1, 2C and 3A specific activities in hepatic microsomes isolated from exposed rats were analyzed. RESULTS Whereas exposure to BaP induces expression of CYP1A1 protein and its marker activity (Sudan I oxidation) in liver, kidney and lung of rats, no significant induction of this CYP and its enzyme activity was produced by EE2 and estradiol. Treatment of BaP in combination with EE2 and/or estradiol decreased the BaP-mediated CYP1A1 induction in liver of exposed rats. BaP also induces CYP2C11 protein in rat liver and kidney, but does not increase its enzyme activity measured as testosterone 16α-hydroxylation. The enzyme activity of another enzyme of the 2C subfamily, CYP2C6, diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation, is even decreased by BaP. The CYP2C11 protein expression and/or its activity are also increased in liver of rats treated with EE2 and estradiol, but its expression is significantly decreased in lung. The CYP2C6 activity is also elevated by treatment of rats with EE2 and estradiol administered individually as well as in their combination. Whereas only a slight increase in CYP3A protein expression was found by BaP in rat liver, its enzyme activity, testosterone 6β-hydroxyalation, increased significantly in this organ. In contrast, no effect or even a decrease in CYP3A expression and its enzyme activity was produced by EE2 and estradiol in rats exposed to these compounds.
Elogio del cientificismo

Este libro reivindica los terminos cientificismo y cientificista, utilizados habitualmente como insultos por posmodernos, religiosos y enemigos de la ciencia en general. “Este libro es una recopilacion de ensayos de autores que decididamente estan del lado de la ciencia en esta guerra cultural. Muy oportunamente, estos autores advierten que el cientificismo no deberia ser objeto de verguenza. En algunos debates, personas como Richard Dawkins y Sam Harris han sido acusadas de ser cientificistas, y en vez de asumir esta etiqueta con orgullo suelen negar que lo sean. Este libro, en cambio, es un elogio del cientificismo. En sus capitulos los autores exponen por que defender a ultranza la ciencia no ha de ser motivo de verguenza, por que la sociedad moderna necesita mas (no menos) ciencia, y por que la ciencia debe trascender las fronteras que tradicionalmente se le han querido imponer” (Gabriel Andrade)