Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiative transfer in the ocean: computations relating to the asymptotic and near-asymptotic daylight field.

The asymptotic daylight field in a homogeneous ocean is, like the absorption (a), scattering (b), and attenuation (c) coefficients and the volume scattering function (VSF), an inherent optical property (IOP) of the medium. A simple relationship in the spirit of the van de Hulst similarity relationships is developed from which the diffuse attenuation coefficient K(infinity) of the asymptotic light field can be obtained from a, b, and the VSF with an error of < 2%. In this relationship, the shape of the VSF is characterized by its asymmetry parameter g, whereas omega(0) = b/c characterizes the other IOP's. The relationship applies approximately to other quantities as well, particularly tau(x), which is the optical depth at which the downwelling irradiance attenuation coefficient K(d) can be replaced by K(infinity) with an error no greater than x%. Computations of tau(5) and tau(10) are presented as a function of g, omega(0) and the incident light field, and it is shown that for overcast conditions K(d) can be within 5% of K(infinity) at depths at which the downwelling irradiance is greater than 50% of its value at the surface. Simulations of radiative transfer in verticall inhomogeneous waters reveal that for sufficiently large depth (z), the value of K(infinity)(z) determined from the asymptotic theory that uses the values of the IOP's at z is a good approximation to K(d)(z). Thus our results suggest that in addition to being a pedagogically interesting concept, the asymptotic theory may actually be useful in ocean optics research. The influence of inelastic processes (fluorescence and Raman scattering) on K(infinity) are briefly examined, and it is shown that for an ocean of pure sea water, i.e., no particles or fluorescent compounds, K(infinity)(lambda) approximately 0.02 m(-1) for lambda >/= 430 nm with little spectral variation.
Noncitrated blood transfusions used as adjunctive treatment in a 7-year-old Shetland Pony with haemoperitoneum due to a ruptured corpus haemorrhagicum

Chronic bleeding due to extensive haemorrhage from a ruptured corpus haemorrhagicum developed 2–4 weeks after parturition and was identified as the cause for a haemoperitoneum in a 7-year-old Shetland Pony mare, leading to anaemia. Diagnosis was made upon exploratory coeliotomy and a unilateral ovariectomy was performed. Intra- and post operatively, the mare received autologous blood transfusions of noncitrated blood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an autologous blood transfusion accomplished using noncitrated blood collected from the abdominal cavity.
Potential Relevance of Altered Muscle Activity and Fatigue in the Development of Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries in High String Musicians.

BACKGROUND Muscle fatigue seems to be a risk factor in the development of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in musicians, but it is unclear how muscle activity characteristics change between musicians with and without PRMDs over a prolonged playing period. PURPOSE To investigate muscle activity patterns in muscles of the arms, shoulder, and back of high string musicians during prolonged performance. METHODS Fifteen professional or university high string musicians were divided into PRMD and non-PRMD groups. All musicians played a chromatic scale, then an individual "heavy" piece for 1 hr, and finally the chromatic scale again. Surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded from 16 muscles of the arm, shoulder, and trunk on both sides of the body. Two parameters were analyzed: the percentage load in relation to the respective maximum force during the chromatic scale, and the low-frequency spectrum to determine the fatigue behavior of muscles during the 1-hr play. RESULTS Changes in muscle activation patterns were observed at the beginning and end of the trial duration; however, these varied depending on whether musicians had PRMDs or no PRMDs. In addition, low-frequency spectrum changes were observed after 1 hr of playing in the PRMD musicians, consistent with signs of muscular fatigue. CONCLUSION Differences in muscle activity appear between high string musicians with and without PRMDs as well as altered frequency spectrum shifts, suggesting possible differential muscle fatigue effects between the groups. The applied sEMG analysis proved a suitable tool for detailed analysis of muscle activation characteristics over prolonged playing periods for musicians with and without PRMDs.
A system of recognition for excellence in medical teaching

Many activities compete for the time of the busy academic clinician. Patient care naturally comes first, but the priority given to other activities depends upon incentives and at present teaching is losing ground to research. A major advantage that research has over teaching is the ability to put an internationally identifiable mark of ability into the CV, in the form of a publication list. Teaching activity lacks an internationally recognized method of assessment, other than recommendations by referees, which are not reliable. A simple scheme is suggested, which seeks to redress the balance by creating an internationally recognized measurement of teaching ability, for which the term International Medical Education Credits (IMECs) is proposed. The scheme has the following three main components: first, a measure of the true amount of time devoted to teaching; second, a measure of the quality of teaching as perceived by the recipients; third, a system for ensuring international comparability by enhancing th.
Andrographis Paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees Induces Clinical and Sputum Conversion in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether Andrographus paniculata capsule induces clinical and sputum conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study was conducted to pulmonary tuberculosis patient who admitted to Pulmonology Polyclinic of Persahabatan Central General Hospital, Jakarta. A total of 44 pulmonary TB patients were randomly divided into two groups including one group received standard antituberculosis drugs + Andrographis paniculata (n=21) (AP) and one group received standard antituberculosis drugs + placebo (n=23). APC was given 500 milligram per day for eight weeks. The distribution of sex, body weight and body mass index (BMI) as well as the frequency of cough and feature of chest radiography were not significantly different between groups (P >0.05). The proportion of posi¬tive smears in both groups decreased over time until by the twelve weeks, none remained positive. The rate of decline was more pronounced in the AP group reach statistically at weeks 4 and 6 compared to placebo group (P<0.05). Adjunctive supplementation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees was to accelerate the beneficial therapeutic effect of TB chemotherapy by improving clinical and sputum response. Key Words: Antimicrobial, andrographis paniculata , sputum conversion, tuberculosis
Phase II Study of Direct Intralesional Gene Transfer of Allovectin-7, an HLA-B7/β2-Microglobulin DNA-Liposome Complex, in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the United States. Because of the lack of effective treatment options and toxicities of most chemotherapeutic and radiation regimes, immunotherapies such as vaccination therapy represent an attractive approach for patients with advanced melanoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response rate, time to progression, and survival of patients with metastatic melanoma treated by direct intratumoral injection with Allovectin-7 (a plasmid DNA encoding the genes HLA-B7 and β2-microglobulin complexed with a cationic lipid mixture, DMRIE/DOPE. Fifty-two patients with metastatic melanoma were enrolled in this Phase II study. Therapy consisted of six intratumoral injections of 10 μg of Allovectin-7 over a 9-week period. Treatment was well tolerated. Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate, the most frequent of which were ecchymosis, pruritus (and/or discomfort at the injection site), and pneumothoraces. Regression of the injected lesion was observed in 18% of patients, including one complete response, three partial responses, and five minor responses. An overall response rate of 4% (two partial responses) was documented, and nine patients (18%) maintained stable disease for at least 11 weeks. Six patients remained alive 25.1 to 39.4 months from their first injection, including two patients with local (injected tumor) responses and one patient with an overall disease partial response. This study demonstrates that intratumoral administration of Allovectin-7 in metastatic melanoma is safe and can produce both responses in injected lesions and in overall disease. Clinical trials optimizing patient selection and combining Allovectin-7 with other modalities of therapy are currently ongoing in an effort to improve response rates.
Description of the difference in plaque index between normal and autistic children age 6-12 years

Background: Oral hygiene status can be seen from the plaque index contained in the mouth. Children aged 6-12 years are school age, they can be taught about oral health care independently. The research objective was to obtain data about description of the differences in plaque index between normal and autistic children aged 6-12 years in Yayasan Autisme Ourdream, Lembaga Pendidikan Autisme Prananda, and SDN Banjarsari in the Bandung city. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive analytic. The population was all the students at SDN Banjarsari and autistic children aged 6-12 years in both the foundation. Samplings were collected by simple random sampling, the number of samples obtained normal and autistic children each were 21 persons. Clinical examinations for plaque index using Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index of Podshadley and Halley. The data were analyzed with independent t-test. Results: The results showed an average of plaque index normal and autistic children aged 6-12 years was 2.06 with a standard deviation of 0.573 and 3.23 with a standard deviation of 0.473. C onclusion: The conclusions showed that there were significant differences in plaque index between normal and autistic children, these values are equally moderate category by Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index of Podshadley and Halley.
Determining predictors of outcome on factors of att ention following paediatric arterial ischemic stroke

Attention is a facet of cognition that is responsible for the development of most cognitive processes. Insult to the brain prior to or during the development of attention can be detrimental to various aspects of cognitive development and, as a result, to a child’s ability to acquire new knowledge and skills. One example of cerebral insult in childhood is stroke. Given the importance of attention for the development of cognitive skills, identifying the factors of attention is critical to understanding cognitive outcomes in children with stroke. In the present investigation, a three-factor and a four-factor model of attention were tested using confirmatory factor analysis on a set of neuropsychological tests purported to measure various aspects of attention, in order to determine the model of attention best represented by a sample of children with arterial ischemic stroke. It was determined that both a threeand four-factor model of attention fit the data equally well when the same measures were included in both models. Despite similarities between the models, the four-factor model of attention was argued to be the best fit, due to theoretical, neuroanatomical, and developmental considerations. When the four-factor model was used to determine predictors of outcome, both Age at Stroke and Age at Testing were significant predictors of outcome on the Shift and Focus/Execute factors of attention, but not on the Encode and Sustain factors. The findings are discussed within the framework of a vulnerability vs. a plasticity model. Implications for clinical practice are also considered.
Melatonin: An Established Antioxidant Worthy of Use in Clinical Trials

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of aging and many metabolic diseases; therefore, an effective antioxidant therapy would be of great importance in these circumstances. Nutritional, environmental, and chemical factors can induce the overproduction of the superoxide anion radical in both the cytosol and mitochondria. This is the first and key event that leads to the activation of pathways involved in the development of several metabolic diseases that are related to oxidative stress. As oxidation of essential molecules continues, it turns to nitrooxidative stress because of the involvement of nitric oxide in pathogenic processes. Once peroxynitrite forms, it damages via two distinctive mechanisms. First, it has direct toxic effects leading to lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage. This mechanism involves the induction of several transcription factors leading to cytokine-induced chronic inflammation. Classic antioxidants, including vitamins A, C, and E, have often failed to exhibit beneficial effects in metabolic diseases and aging. Melatonin is a multifunctional indolamine that counteracts virtually all pathophysiologic steps and displays significant beneficial actions against peroxynitrite-induced cellular toxicity. This protection is related to melatonin’s antioxidative and antiinflammatory properties. Melatonin has the capability of scavenging both oxygen- and nitrogen-based reactants, including those formed from peroxynitrite, and blocking transcriptional factors, which induce proinflammatory cytokines. Accumulating evidence suggests that this nontoxic indolamine may be useful either as a sole treatment or in conjunction with other treatments for inhibiting the biohazardous actions of nitrooxidative stress.
Algorithms Inspired by Nature: A Survey

Nature is known to be the best optimizer. Natural processes most often than not reach an optimal equilibrium. Scientists have always strived to understand and model such processes.Thus, many algorithms exist today that are inspired by nature. Many of these algorithms and heuristics can be used to solve problems for which no polynomial time algorithms exist,such as Job Shop Scheduling and many other Combinatorial Optimization problems. We will discuss some of these algorithms and heuristics and how they help us solve complex problems of practical importance.
To serve and protect? Electronic health records pose challenges for privacy, autonomy and person-centered medicine

This paper highlights potential challenges to privacy posed by electronic health records and proposes to increase patient involvement in maintaining the privacy of their data. Electronic health records are heavily promoted in the United States, rendering sensitive health information accessible and potentially jeopardizing patient privacy. Yet certain HIPAA regulations are consistently violated, suggesting that the Federal Government is unable to fully enforce privacy standards. On the other hand, proportionately there are few civilian complaints to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), implying that patients are unaware of privacy breaches, the means to report them, or both. Without permitting patient control over information, the proposed privacy system assumes that leakages will occur and offers to notify patients of breaches after the fact. This deprives patients of the right to defend their intimate details, which are more available to caretakers, employers, and insurers than ever. Our proposed solution is to render usage of patient information transparent by default, so that patients can monitor and control who is privy to what input. This will enhance patient empowerment, feeding into improved governmental control over health data.
DIETARY GLYCEMIC INDEX AND GLYCEMIC LOAD IN RELATION WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: A REVIEW ON EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE

iAbstract Background: Nowadays, more and more attention is paid to the glycemic index (GI) of dietary carbohydrates and the glycemic load (GL) of diets. Objective: This study was aimed to review the previous researches about the association between the dietary GI and GL and metabolic syndrome. Methods: The present study was a literature search within PubMed. The search terms glyc(a)emic index and glyc(a)emic load were combined with metabolic syndrome and at least one of the components of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and also some of associated risk factors such as low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, respectively. Most studies on humans published until 2010 were considered. Reference lists within the papers reviewed were cross-checked manually. On the whole, 30 papers were studied. Findings: The data from cross-sectional and interventional studies do not strongly support the presence of a relationship between the dietary GI or GL and insulin resistance or insulin sensitivity. Rather, the dietary fiber may be directly responsible for the reported effects of low GI diets on insulin sensitivity in humans. Considering the risk of metabolic syndrome, it is time to replace the carbohydrate resources with low GI (brown rice for white rice) to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and to treat the condition especially in populations with high intakes of carbohydrate. In addition, the interventional studies, unlike the cross-sectional studies, cannot strongly support the positive effects of low GI/GL diets on the components of metabolic syndrome. It seems that longterm clinical trials with large samples to obtain solid evidence are needed. Conclusion: Taken together all mentioned studies, low GI/GL diets may benefit lipid profiles and other components of metabolic syndrome especially the individuals with higher BMI, insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance.
Application of quantitative two-line OH planar laser-induced fluorescence for temporally resolved planar thermometry in reacting flows.

A temporally resolved approach for measurement of two-dimensional temperature fields in reacting flows is experimentally investigated. The method, based on planar laser-induced fluorescence of the hydroxyl (OH) radical, is applicable in many combustion environments, including variable density flow fields. As a means of examining the accuracy of the technique, temperature images, from 1300 to 3000 K and 0.4 to 3 atm, have been acquired in shock-heated H(2)-O(2)-Ar flows with a two-laser, two-image ratio scheme. A complete measurement system for producing accurate, effectively instantaneous temperature images is described; the system includes single-shot monitors for laser-sheet energy distributions and spectral profiles. Temperature images obtained with the OH A(2)Σ(+) ? X(2)II (1, 0) P(1)(7)-Q(2)(11) transition pair exhibit a systematic error of only 7% over the entire range of conditions, with the error most likely dominated by shot-to-shot fluctuations in the lasers'spectral profiles. The largest error source in the instantaneous temperature images is photon shot noise. A group of OH transition pairs that provide good temperature sensitivity and strong signals for reduced shot-noise error over a range of flow-field conditions is also presented.
Family Conflict and Diabetes Management in Youth: Clinical Lessons From Child Development and Diabetes Research

In Brief This articles focuses on family conflict and parenting behavior and their link to self-esteem, treatment adherence, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. From the diabetes literature and normal child development research, the concept of “authoritative parenting” seems especially applicable to the coping tasks facing parents and youth around the management of type 1 diabetes. Research on general family conflict, diabetes-specific family conflict, and child development are discussed with respect to the translation of findings to assist health care providers and parents.
The Relationship between Posture and Balance in a Pilates Trained Population

TITLE: The Relationship between Posture and Balance in a Pilates Trained Population RESERCHER: Daisuke Yamaguchi ADVISOR: Dr. Rebecca Hess DATE: May 2007 RESEARCH PROBLEM: Master Thesis PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between posture and balance in a Pilates trained population. PROBLEM: Few research studies have been conducted to support the relationship between posture and balance as well as the Pilates training effects on posture and balance. METHOD: This study used a small case descriptive research design. Eight Pilates trained and six non Pilates trained volunteers participated in this study. All of the testing was administered on one day for approximately one hour each subject. FINDINGS: There was no relationship between posture and balance scores and there was no difference in posture and balance scores between Pilates trained adults and healthy trained adults. CONCLUSIONS: It is still unknown if there is any relationship between posture and balance. Meanwhile, despite the adverse effects of the age and standing habit, Pilates trained adults were comparable in posture and balance to healthy trained adults.
The Effect of Simultaneous Postural Stress and Noise Exposure on Strain Index Number Among the Machinery Women Aged 25 ‒ 30 Years old in Gas Supply Parts Manufactories

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorder in upper-limbs (WRMSDs-UL) is one of the major complaints among the female machinists in gas supply parts manufactories, in some of which the noise reaches 85 dB and beyond. Objectives: The most important aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of noise and postural stress on strain index (SI) among these workers. Materials and Methods: The sample size was set at 50 subjects, comprising of two study groups; group 1 were exposed to noise ? 85 dB, group 2 were exposed to noise 0.05). Results showed a significant statistical relation between work experience and neck pain, shoulders pain and wrist/hand pain. They showed that there existed a different strain index between two groups, although not statistically significant. The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups from QEC posture score. Spearman correlation coefficient proved that QEC rating is directly related to the value of the SI. Conclusions: Postural stress among female machinists can increase the level of SI to fairly risky and dangerous. Also, changes in rating hand/wrist QEC scores with hand/wrist SI score were proportional in the studied samples. The SI can increase under the influence of noise above 85 dB, although it is not statistically significant.
Do the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) dimensions of quality capture the current meaning of quality in health care? – An integrative review

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether the widely adopted Institute of Medicine’s dimensions of quality capture the current meaning of quality in health care literature. Design: An integrative review was utilised as there has been a multitude of published papers defining quality in relation to health care, therefore collective analysis may provide new insight and understanding. Method: Papers offering a definition or conceptual understanding of quality in relation to health care were identified by searching relevant databases. Papers were excluded according to predefined criteria. An integrative review was conducted and the Institute of Medicine’s dimensions were used as a framework for data extraction and analysis. Findings: The review identified two important additional dimensions of quality; namely caring and navigating the health care system and argues that they require recognition as dimensions in their own right. Conclusion: In the current climate of constrained finances there is a risk that the allocation of resources is directed to current explicit dimensions to the detriment of others. The result may be a reduction in health care quality, rather than improvement.