Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How a mild influenza B infection can kill: A case of pulmonary hemorrhage

Viral influenza is a seasonal infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Rapidly fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia has been described in previously healthy individuals with β-hemolytic Streptococcus pneumoniae in a small series of patients, but it is not common in patients coinfected with influenza B and β-hemolytic Streptococcus, particularly since influenza B is considered less pathogenic than influenza A. However, despite being uncommon, this coinfection seems to be associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in healthy individuals. We present a case of a 46-year-old previously healthy white woman presenting with 4 days of shortness of breath, sore throat, subjective fevers, and nonproductive cough with rapidly fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia confirmed to have Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus and influenza B coinfection. On admission, she had a temperature of 103° F, room air oxygen saturation of 95%, a positive nasal swab for influenza B, and negative rapid strep test. Initial chest radiograph showed increased bibasilar interstitial markings. She was admitted to a regular floor and started on oseltamivir. Preliminary throat culture was positive for Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus and penicillin V was started. Respiratory status deteriorated requiring intubation and transfer to Intensive Care Unit. Subsequently, copious bleeding was noted in her endotracheal tube. A bedside bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a hemorrhagic pneumonitis. Despite aggressive efforts, she developed shock, arrested, and died Western District Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Roanoke, VA, USA postadmission. Blood cultures, bronchoalveolar lavage, and postmortem pulmonary tissue grew Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus, only resistant to erythromycin.
Radiation dose reduction in chest CT: a review.

OBJECTIVE This article aims to summarize the available data on reducing radiation dose exposure in routine chest CT protocols. First, the general aspects of radiation dose in CT and radiation risk are discussed, followed by the effect of changing parameters on image quality. Finally, the results of previous radiation dose reduction studies are reviewed, and important information contributing to radiation dose reduction will be shared. CONCLUSION A variety of methods and techniques for radiation dose reduction should be used to ensure that radiation exposure is kept as low as is reasonably achievable.
Increasing sleep-mode efficiency by reducing battery current using a DC-DC converter

Battery current is a key parameter that decides the runtime of a portable electronic system. For low power applications like IEEE 802.15. 4 and Zigbee wireless network, the average battery current drain approximates the sleep mode current drain, since significantly more time is spent in sleep than in active usage. This paper proposes substituting a DC-DC converter for a low drop-out (LDO) regulator in the sleep mode power chain, such that the current drawn from the battery would be less than the actual current drained by the load. The battery current saving, and hence battery runtime extension, is estimated to be around 35% based on the analysis of a 65 nm CMOS IEEE 802.15. 4/Zigbee low power wireless system-on-chip (SoC) model, whose parameters are extracted from state-of-the-art industrial products and experimental data from advanced nanometer processes.
Physical Versus Logical Fault Models MOS LSI Circuits: Impact on Their Testability

At the end of an IC production line, integrated circuits are generally submitted to three kinds of tests: 1) parametric tests to check electrical characteristics (voltage, current, power consumption), 2) dynamic tests to check response times under nominal operating conditions, and 3) functional tests to check its logical behavior.
Changing patterns of teacher education in Australia

This paper is designed to portray the historical development of teacher education in Australia. The paper is presented in three parts, each of which represents a ‘turn’ in the evolution of teacher education. The first details the historical development of teacher education prior to the establishment of the first teachers college in Australia in 1850. The second relates t the training of teachers from 1850 until 1988 and a focus on the ‘craft’ of teaching. The final turn, which was initiated in 1988, illustrates the emergence of a more scholarly approach with the embedding of teacher education into universities. In conclusion, the likely future turn is explored through an articulation of the tensions that currently permeate teacher education in Australia and which threaten the quality of teacher education in the future.
Genetics of neuroendocrine tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, arising from neuroendocrine cells that are dispersed throughout the body. Around 20% of NETs occur in the context of a genetic syndrome. Today there are at least ten recognized NET syndromes. This includes the classical syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasias types 1 and 2, and von Hippel–Lindau and neurofibromatosis type 1. Additional susceptibility genes associated with a smaller fraction of NETs have also been identified. Recognizing genetic susceptibility has proved essential both to provide genetic counseling and to give the best preventive care. In this review we will also discuss the knowledge of somatic genetic alterations in NETs. At least 24 genes have been implicated as drivers of neuroendocrine tumorigenesis, and the overall rates of genomic instability are relatively low. Genetic intra-tumoral, as well as inter-tumoral heterogeneity in the same patient, have also been identified. Together these data point towards the common pathways in NET evolution, separating early from late disease drivers. Although knowledge of specific mutations in NETs has limited impact on actual patient management, we predict that in the near future genomic profiling of tumors will be included in the clinical arsenal for diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutic decisions. European Journal of Endocrinology (2016) 174, R275–R290 Neuroendocrine tumors Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells most commonly located in the endocrine glands but also in the gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary systems (Fig. 1) (1). NETs usually display slow proliferation but have a high rate of advanced stage at presentation (2, 3). Neuropeptide hypersecretion is a hallmark of these diseases and often results in distinct hormonal syndromes. These syndromes are associated with both increased morbidity and mortality (2, 4). The median survival of patients with well differentiated NETs is about 10 years, contributing to the relatively high prevalence of these diseases (5, 6). NET is one of the most heritable groups of neoplasms that feature in at least ten genetic syndromes. Additional susceptibility genes associated with a smaller fraction of NETs have also been identified. In this review we will present relevant genetic information regarding these diagnostic entities. We will also summarize data from tumor sequencing studies that provided comprehensive maps of the genomic landscape of NETs. Finally we comment on the current and future potential of these data as tools for the development of biomarkers as well as novel druggable targets. Below we present syndromes and additional susceptibility genes with increased risk of NET development (Table 1). The present paper reviews genetic profiles, by means of early and late mutations, of relevance for tumorigenesis in NETs.
Surface core-level shifts and relaxation of group-IVA-element chalcogenide semiconductors.

Pour la surface non relaxee, les valeurs calculees sont tres grandes et augmentent avec l'ionicite du compose. Cette divergence avec les valeurs experimentales disponibles pour pH 5 indique une grande relaxation de surface (100) qui recuit les effets de la surface sur les deplacements du niveau de cœur
The DNA damage-inducible dinD gene of Escherichia coli is equivalent to orfY upstream of pyrE

The DNA damage-inducible gene dinD, originally identified by Kenyon and Walker (C. J. Kenyon and G. C. Walker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:2819-2823, 1980) by selection of the dinD::MudI (Ap lac) fusion, is shown here to be equivalent to the open reading frame orfY near pyrE. The evidence for identity between the two genes includes results from P1 transduction, Southern hybridization, and cloning and sequencing of the dinD fusion. No data were obtained that reveal any hints about the function of the dinD gene.
Genetic relatedness and diversity of Cryptococcus neoformans strains in the Maltese Islands

The genetic relatedness of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans strains in the Maltese Islands was investigated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting with four primers. The clinical strains isolate over the course of 1 year from AIDS patients showed identical fingerprints. The electrophoretic patterns of the two clinical strains were also the most common patterns among the environmental strains, but the patterns among the environmental strains showed a wide variability and no correlation with the site of isolation.
Fat feeding causes widespread in vivo insulin resistance, decreased energy expenditure, and obesity in rats.

High levels of dietary fat may contribute to both insulin resistance and obesity in humans but evidence is limited. The euglycemic clamp technique combined with tracer administration was used to study insulin action in vivo in liver and individual peripheral tissues after fat feeding. Basal and nutrient-stimulated metabolic rate was assessed by open-circuit respirometry. Adult male rats were pair-fed isocaloric diets high in either carbohydrate (69% of calories; HiCHO) or fat (59% of calories; HiFAT) for 24 +/- 1 days. Feeding of the HiFAT diet resulted in a greater than 50% reduction in net whole-body glucose utilization at midphysiological insulin levels (90-100 mU/l) due to both reduced glucose disposal and, to a lesser extent, failure to suppress liver glucose output. Major suppressive effects of the HiFAT diet on glucose uptake were found in oxidative skeletal muscles (29-61%) and in brown adipose tissue (BAT; 78-90%), the latter accounting for over 20% of the whole-body effect. There was no difference in basal metabolic rate but thermogenesis in response to glucose ingestion was higher in the HiCHO group. In contrast to their reduced BAT weight, the HiFAT group accumulated more white adipose tissue, consistent with reduced energy expenditure. HiFAT feeding also resulted in major decreases in basal and insulin-stimulated conversion of glucose to lipid in liver (26-60%) and brown adipose tissue (88-90%) with relatively less effect in white adipose (0-43%). We conclude that high-fat feeding results in insulin resistance due mainly to effects in oxidative skeletal muscle and BAT. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Comparison of Biological Characteristics between Human Amnion Epithelial Cells and Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells].

OBJECTIVE To compare the biological characteristics between the human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) and human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). METHODS Human amnion tissues were peeled off from human full term placenta from the women with normal healthy singleton pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean section. Using low speed-trypsin collagenase digestion method, hAECs and hAMSCs were isolated from human amnion tissue. The proliferation and biological characteristics of both cells were analyzed and compared by immunofluorescence assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), induced differentiation and so on. RESULTS hAECs were round or oval, and formed a confluent monolayer of cobblestone-shaped epithelial cells. hAECs continue to proliferate less than 5 passages, while the hAMSCs were fibroblastic and spindle-shaped, which could continue to proliferate about 30 passages. hAECs expressed CK19 and a few of them expressed vimentin; hAMSCs expressed vimentin and did not express CK19. Both hAECs and hAMSCs were positive for suface markers CD29, CD73, CD44, CD90, OCT-4, Nanog and so on, but hAECs were negative for CD105. Both hAECs and hAMSCs were positive for oil red O and akane red staining. CONCLUSIONS hAECs and hAMSCs display stem cell properties. hAECs can not proliferate unlimitly, and the proliferation and differentiation ability of hAECs is lower than hAMSCs.
Transmission Characteristics of a Twisted Radio Wave Based on Circular Traveling-Wave Antenna

A traveling-wave circular loop antenna with its phase distribution along the circle of lφ is demonstrated to generate the twisted radio wave. Theoretical formulations of its radiation fields are deduced in the cylindrical coordinate system and used to analyze its transmission characteristics, such as the radiation patterns, the evolution of the polarization states, and the angular momentum modes including the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and the spin angular momentum (SAM) modes. The prototype of a practical configuration for such antenna is proposed and conducted to validate the theoretical results. This theoretical analysis is applicable not only to radio waves but also to the whole electromagnetic spectrum.
Piezoresistor design for deflection angles decoupling measurement of two-dimensional MOEMS scanning mirror

A novel micro-optical-electro mechanical systems (MOEMS) sensor technique is developed for optical scanning and space detection. As the core technology of the system, a two-dimensional scanning mirror with small volume, large deflection angles and high frequency is presented. A reflected optical beam on the mirror can be scanned more than 20 deg two-dimensionally. For the deflection angles decoupling measurement, piezoresistors are fabricated on the flexible beam linked with mirror. The coupling motions of the flexible beam are analyzed and the stress states of the piezoresistors are presented when the mirror is scanning two-dimensionally. For the measurement of one direction, four piezoresistors form a full Wheatstone bridge to counteract the influence of another direction. The motion of the flexible beam is decoupled and the deflection angles of each direction are obtained independently and precisely. The appropriate crystal directions and doping types of the piezoresistors are designed to obtain the larger piezoresistive coefficients for the high sensitivities. The method is proved correct and effective by the theoretic calculation and simulation analysis. The deflection angles measurement sensitivities for two directions are 396 mV/deg and 348 mV/deg respectively.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, a simplified nutritional screening index, is a significant predictor of mortality in chronic dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a common complication in haemodialysis patients. Recently, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) has been reported as a simple and accurate tool to assess nutritional status of haemodialysis patients. Our objective was to examine the association between GNRI and mortality in chronic haemodialysis patients. METHODS We examined the GNRI of 490 maintenance haemodialysis patients (60 ± 12 years, 293 males and 197 females) and followed up these patients for 60 months. Predictors for all-cause death were examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional analyses. RESULTS The GNRI was 98.0 ± 6.0, and was significantly and negatively correlated with age and haemodialysis duration. During the 60-month follow-up period, 129 patients died. According to the highest positive likelihood and risk ratios, the cutoff value of GNRI for mortality was set at 90. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with a GNRI <90 (n = 50) had a significantly lower survival rate, compared to those with GNRI ≥90 (n = 440) (log-rank test, P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that GNRI was a significant predictor for mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.962, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.931-0.995, P < 0.05], after adjustment for age, gender, C-reactive protein, presence of diabetes and haemodialysis duration. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that GNRI is a significant predictor for mortality in haemodialysis patients. The simple method of GNRI is considered to be a clinically useful marker for the assessment of nutritional status in haemodialysis patients.
Hyperspectral image representation using learned multiscale dictionaries

The different reflection or absorption characteristics of ground targets at different wavelength lead to diverse energy distribution among band images of hyperspectral images (HSIs). In this paper, we propose a sparse representation of HSIs using learned multi-scale dictionaries with the help of the distinctive physical characteristics. First, each band is cut into patches of different size using quadtree decomposition, meanwhile original bands are divided into two groups, key band and less-key bands. Then, multi-scale patches from the key bands are sparsely coded using greedy algorithm. Finally, those image patches from less-key bands are approximated using pseudo inverse. Experiments reveal that our proposal outperform 3D-DWT and that using single scale dictionary. Some applications like HISs compression will be benefit from our approach.
Impact of climate change on the stream flow of the lower Brahmaputra: trends in high and low flows based on discharge-weighted ensemble modelling

Abstract. Climate change is likely to have significant effects on the hydrology. The Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world as it is subject to the combined effects of glacier melt, extreme monsoon rainfall and sea level rise. To what extent climate change will impact river flow in the Brahmaputra basin is yet unclear, as climate model studies show ambiguous results. In this study we investigate the effect of climate change on both low and high flows of the lower Brahmaputra. We apply a novel method of discharge-weighted ensemble modeling using model outputs from a global hydrological models forced with 12 different global climate models (GCMs). Our analysis shows that only a limited number of GCMs are required to reconstruct observed discharge. Based on the GCM outputs and long-term records of observed flow at Bahadurabad station, our method results in a multi-model weighted ensemble of transient stream flow for the period 1961–2100. Using the constructed transients, we subsequently project future trends in low and high river flow. The analysis shows that extreme low flow conditions are likely to occur less frequent in the future. However a very strong increase in peak flows is projected, which may, in combination with projected sea level change, have devastating effects for Bangladesh. The methods presented in this study are more widely applicable, in that existing multi-model streamflow simulations from global hydrological models can be weighted against observed streamflow data to assess at first order the effects of climate change for specific river basins.
mRNA Decay during Herpesvirus Infections: Interaction between a Putative Viral Nuclease and a Cellular Translation Factor

ABSTRACT During lytic infections, the virion host shutoff (Vhs) protein (UL41) of herpes simplex virus destabilizes both host and viral mRNAs. By accelerating mRNA decay, it helps determine the levels and kinetics of viral and cellular gene expression. In vivo, Vhs shows a strong preference for mRNAs, as opposed to non-mRNAs, and degrades the 5′ end of mRNAs prior to the 3′ end. In contrast, partially purified Vhs is not restricted to mRNAs and causes cleavage of target RNAs at various sites throughout the molecule. To explain this discrepancy, we searched for cellular proteins that interact with Vhs using theSaccharomyces cerevisiae two-hybrid system. Vhs was found to interact with the human translation initiation factor, eIF4H. This interaction was verified by glutathioneS-transferase pull-down experiments and by coimmunoprecipitation of Vhs and epitope-tagged eIF4H from extracts of mammalian cells. The interaction was abolished by several point mutations in Vhs that abrogate its ability to degrade mRNAs in vivo. The results suggest that Vhs is a viral mRNA degradation factor that is targeted to mRNAs, and to regions of translation initiation, through an interaction with eIF4H.
Suicide and vehicle exhaust emissions.

SIR,-Three summers ago our 2 year old son wandered from our garden. He was found in the swimming pool of a neighbouring garden: the pool was unfenced and had a non-weightsbearing cover. Resuscitation was not successful. We know of three families within 16 km who have suffered similar tragedies: as Alison Kemp and J R Sibert point out, drowning is a common cause of accidental death in children. ' In our society, where there is increased emphasis on out ofdoors activities, the incidence ofdrowning in children will surely increase unless effective preventive measures are taken. We have written on this matter to our member of parliament without success. We support Kemp and Sibert's recommendations that domestic pools should have toddler proof fences with self locking doors and covers that can bear the weight of a child. People may argue that this interferes with personal liberty: the same was said about seat belt legislation. The children whose lives are at risk are too young to appreciate such abstract arguments.
Coreceptor usage of sequential isolates from cynomolgus monkeys experimentally Infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm).

Sequential isolates from eight cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm, of sooty mangabey origin) were tested for coreceptor use in the human osteosarcoma indicator cell line, GHOST(3), expressing CD4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, CXCR4, BOB, or the orphan receptor Bonzo. The indicator cell line carries the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat-driven green fluorescence protein gene that becomes activated upon infection with HIV or SIV and fluorescence can be quantitated by flow cytometric analysis. The methodological details are described in the accompanying paper (Vödrös et al., 2001, Virology 290, in press). All SIVsm inoculum viruses and reisolates used CCR5 with a high level of efficiency. CCR5 use was stable over time. BOB and Bonzo use was less efficient than CCR5 use and, in particular, late isolates obtained at the time of immunodeficiency varied greatly in their coreceptor use and often could not establish a productive infection in BOB- or Bonzo-expressing cells. Unexpectedly, early reisolates obtained 12 days postinfection could infect the entire GHOST(3) panel including the parental cells. In one case this was due to use of CXCR4, either transfected or endogenously expressed on the GHOST(3) cells. Our results demonstrate the complex coreceptor use of SIVsm isolates. Moreover, they focus attention on the initial phase of virus replication when the availability of target cells may govern the replication pattern of the virus.
Pregnancy concurrent with lactation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

The reproductive performance of Mongolian gerbils mated post partum and allowed to nurse 1-12 young was recorded. More than 70% of the post-parturient females mated, the majority on Day 1; the incidence of mating was unaffected by nursing. However, both fertility and fecundity declined as the number of young nursed increased. Smaller litters were associated with longer gestations.