Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age and the distribution of major injury across a national trauma system

Abstract Background Trauma places a significant burden on healthcare services, and its management impacts greatly on the injured patient. The demographic of major trauma is changing as the population ages, increasingly unveiling gaps in processes of managing older patients. Key to improving patient care is the ability to characterise current patient distribution. Objectives There is no contemporary evidence available to characterise how age impacts on trauma patient distribution at a national level. Through an analysis of the Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN) database, we describe the nature of Major Trauma in England since the configuration of regional trauma networks, with focus on injury distribution, ultimate treating institution and any transfer in-between. Methods The TARN database was analysed for all patients presenting from April 2012 to the end of October 2017 in NHS England. Results About 307,307 patients were included, of which 63.8% presented directly to a non-specialist hospital (trauma unit (TU)). Fall from standing height in older patients, presenting and largely remaining in TUs, dominates the English trauma caseload. Contrary to perception, major trauma patients currently are being cared for in both specialist (major trauma centres (MTCs)) and non-specialist (TU) hospitals. Paediatric trauma accounts for <5% of trauma cases and is focussed on paediatric MTCs. Conclusions Within adult major trauma patients in England, mechanism of injury is dominated by low level falls, particularly in older people. These patients are predominately cared for in TUs. This work illustrates the reality of current care pathways for major trauma patients in England in the recently configured regional trauma networks.
Association between IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between IL-1A (-889C/T, rs1800587) polymorphism and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out in the databases updated on July 1, 2019, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Through STATA 14.0 software, the association between IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis was calculated by pooled odds rations (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Harbord test was used for the publication bias. RESULTS The results of overall meta-analysis revealed that IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis among all the genetic models, including allele contrast [T vs. C, OR (95% CI): 1.297 (1.038-1.622), P=0.022], dominant model [TT+CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.337 (1.015-1.761), P=0.039], recessive model [TT vs. CC+CT, OR (95% CI): 1.453 (1.138-1.856), P=0.003], and codominant model [TT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.555 (1.187-2.038), P=0.001; CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 2.559 (1.245-5.260), P=0.011]. The results of subgroup analyses indicated that IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism was closely related to the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in African population [T vs. C, OR (95% CI): 1.277 (1.039-1.571), P=0.020; TT+CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.357 (1.061-1.735), P=0.015; TT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.599 (1.115-2.292), P=0.011], in European population [TT vs. CC+CT, OR (95% CI): 1.645 (1.112-2.435), P=0.013; TT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 1.639 (1.044-2.574), P=0.032] and in American population [CT vs. CC, OR (95% CI): 6.404 (3.000-13.669), P<0.001]. CONCLUSIONS IL-1A (-889C/T) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in African, European and American populations according to the currently available evidence.
Food processing for the improvement of plant proteins digestibility

Abstract Proteins are essential macronutrients for the human diet. They are the primary source of nitrogen and are fundamental for body structure and functions. The plant protein quality (PPQ) refers to the bioavailability, digestibility, and amino acid composition. The digestibility specifies the protein quantity absorbed by an organism relative to the consumed amount and depends on the protein structure, previous processing, and the presence of compounds limiting the digestion. The latter are so-called antinutritional factors (ANF), exemplified by phytates, tannins, trypsin inhibitors, and lectins. Animal proteins are known to have better digestibility than plant proteins due to the presence of ANF in plants. Thus, the inactivation of ANF throughout food processing may increase the PPQ. New food processing, aiming to increase the digestibility of plant proteins, and new sources of proteins are being studied for the animal protein substitution. Here, it is presented the impact of processing on the protein digestibility and reduction of ANF. Several techniques, such as cooking, autoclaving, germination, microwave, irradiation, spray- and freeze-drying, fermentation, and extrusion enhanced the PPQ. The emerging non-thermal technologies impact on protein functionalities but require studies on the protein digestibility. How to accurately determine and how to improve the protein digestibility of a plant source remains a scientific and technological challenge that may be addressed by novel or combining existing processing techniques, as well as by exploring protein-enriched by-products of the food industry.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Natural Food-Based Fiber Solution to Prevent Constipation in Postoperative Spine Fusion Patients

BACKGROUND: Constipation after orthopaedic surgery occurs frequently, likely due to a combination of high levels of opioid medications for severe pain management and mobility limitations after surgery. It can result in serious complications, increased cost, and patient discomfort. PURPOSE: This study evaluated a natural food-based fiber solution to prevent constipation in postoperative orthopaedic patients. METHODS: A posttest control group-randomized study design was used. Dependent variables were presence of postoperative constipation, time to first bowel movement (BM), and total number of postoperative BMs. Descriptive statistics, Student's t tests, and Mann–Whitney nonparametric 2-group tests with chi-square analysis were used. Level of significance for all tests was p < . 05. Forty-six participants were evaluated. RESULTS: Ages were similar for both the intervention and control groups. Bowel Function Index (BFI) scores were not significantly different (p = .448). No significant group differences were present for the individual BFI item scores (p > .05). The number of patients with a BM during the first 3 days was not significantly different (p = .489). There were no significant differences found between the 2 groups regarding laxative administration (p > .05 for all laxatives). CONCLUSION: Further studies are indicated that address natural fibers and pharmaceutical methods for the prevention of constipation after spinal surgery.
THE IMPACT OF GROUP PRENATAL CARE ON PREGNANT WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

The impact of group prenatal care on pregnant women empowerment Fereshte Jahdi 1 , Ali Montazeri 2 , Mahin balouchi 1 , Zahra Behboodi Moghadam 1 1. Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Payesh 2014; 13: 229-234 Accepted for publication: 26 Janvier 2014 [EPub a head of print-3 February 2014] Objective (s): This study was designed to assess the impact of group prenatal care on pregnant women empowerment. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 70 pregnant women with 13 weeks of gestational age, whom referred to prenatal clinic of Akbarabadi hospital in Tehran, Iran. The pregnant women were randomly assigned to control (n=35) and experimental group (n=35). The intervention is designed for five, 120-minute sessions during gestation weeks 13 to 32. Each session was consisted of two parts: self-care (30 minutes) and group training (90 minutes). Data were collected on demographic and empowerment scale for pregnant women using a valid questionnaire. Results: The majority of samples in two groups were between age 20 to 29 years with secondary educational level or higher, housekeeper, intermediate economic status, first pregnancy, and without receiving prenatal education. There were no significant differences between control and experimental groups at baseline. However, after intervention significant difference between control and experimental groups was observed for empowerment score (P= 0.013). Conclusion: The findings confirmed that group prenatal care was effective in improving empowerment in pregnant women.
Usability and acceptability of an automated respiratory rate counter to assess childhood pneumonia in Nepal

Pneumonia is the leading cause of child death after the neonatal period, resulting from late care seeking and inappropriate treatment. Diagnosis involves counting respiratory rate (RR); however, RR counting remains challenging for health workers and miscounting, and misclassification of RR is common. We evaluated the usability of a new automated RR counter, the Philips Children's Respiratory Monitor (ChARM), to Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs), and its acceptability to FCHVs and caregivers in Nepal.
MiR-27b-3p promotes migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cells by targeting HOXA10

Abstract Purpose: Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to tumor progression via the regulation of the expression of specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. One such example, miR-27b-3p, has reportedly been involved in tumor progression in many types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to delve into the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-27b-3p in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods: In the present study, we detected the expression level of miR-27b-3p by RT-PCR. The effect of miR-27b-3p overexpression on cell proliferation in CRC cells was evaluated by cell counting and Edu assays. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to examine the effects of cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay and western blot assay were performed to identify the target of miR-27b-3p. Results: Here, we have demonstrated that although miR-27b-3p can affect cell morphology, it has no observable effect on the proliferation of CRC cells. However, it significantly promotes the migration and invasion of CRC cells. We discovered that HOXA10 was a newly identified target of miR-27b-3p in CRC cells, as confirmed by bioinformatics, western blots and dual luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-27b-3p or the suppression of HOXA10 can activate the integrin β1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results reveal a new function of miR-27b-3p that demonstrates its ability to promote CRC cell migration and invasion by targeting the HOXA10/integrin β1 cell signal axis. Conclusion: This may provide a mechanism to explain why miR-27b-3p promotes CRC cell migration and invasion.
Kestose supplementation exerts bifidogenic effect within fecal microbiota and increases fecal butyrate concentration in dogs

Kestose, a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with one fructose monomer linked to sucrose, is a key component of the prebiotic activity of FOS. This study aimed to evaluate the prebiotic potential of Kestose in terms of the impact on population change in the intestinal microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in dogs. Kestose 2 g per dog was administered daily with conventional diet to 6 healthy, adult beagle dogs for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of follow-up period without Kestose supplementation. Fresh fecal samples were obtained before and every 4 weeks until the end of the follow-up period. Genomic DNA extracted from the fecal samples was subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis using next generation sequencer and to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate and ethanol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. 16S rRNA gene analysis and qPCR showed increasing trend of genus Bifidobacterium after Kestose supplementation while genera Bacteroides and Sutterella decreased. Clostridium perfringens decreased below the detection limit within first 4 weeks after starting Kestose supplementation. Fecal butyrate concentration was significantly increased at week 8 and returned to the base level after 4 weeks of the washing period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal effect of Kestose on the populational changes in fecal microbiota and fecal butyrate concentration in dogs.
Eficacia y seguridad de anfepramona en liberación lenta como tratamiento de obesidad

Antecedentes: La anfepramona (dietilpropión) es uno de los primeros anorexigénicos sintéticos, pero se requiere actualizar su perfil farmacológico con los diseños experimentales establecidos hoy día para medicamentos antiobesidad. Adicionalmente, las formulaciones de liberación lenta ofrecen ventajas, sobre todo de seguridad, por lo que se han desarrollado presentaciones de anorexigénicos con esta característica de efecto prolongado. Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia y seguridad de anfepramona de liberación lenta como parte del tratamiento integral de obesidad. Pacientes y procedimiento: Se trató a 60 pacientes adultos con IMC ≥ 30 durante seis meses y uno más de retiro. Los participantes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente a un grupo placebo (P) o a otro que recibió anfepramona de liberación lenta, 75 mg/día (LLANF). Como medidas generales se indicó dieta hipocalórica y caminata por 30 minutos cinco días a la semana. Las consultas médicas fueron al inicio y cada 30 días. Los exámenes de laboratorio clínico se hicieron a los 0, 90, 180 y 210 días de tratamiento. Se consideró diferencia significativa p < 0.05. Resultados: Los dos grupos perdieron peso y redujeron su IMC, pero fue más marcado y temprano con LLANF. Con el análisis de intención de tratar el peso perdido a 180 días fue 5.0 ± 4.8 kg (5.3%) con 6.3 cm de cintura con P y con LLANF 9.2 ± 4.8 kg (10.3%) con 10.4 cm de cintura (p < 0.05 vs inicio). La mejoría en el perfil de lípidos fue por reducción de LDL–c y triglicéridos. Los eventos adversos fueron leves, se presentaron sobre todo en los primeros tres meses y no hubo retiros por esta causa. Tampoco se observaron cambios negativos en los parámetros de laboratorio. Conclusión: Estos resultados indican que la anfepramona de liberación lenta es una formulación eficaz y segura como parte del tratamiento integral de obesos y, por sus características y antecedentes, debe estudiarse a fondo en obesos con comorbilidad, especialmente cardiovascular.
Nutrition and active ageing in a Spanish sample

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between active ageing and nutritional status assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment MNA, anthropometric variables and food habits, in a sample of young elderly Spanish adults. This is a cross-sectional study based on 456 home-living Spaniards, 169 men and 287 women, mean age 66.4 years (std=5.3). Trained interviewers in peoples’ homes and in cultural and leisure centres performed individual measurements and interviews for older adults. Variables considered were, age, sex, anthropometric measurements, body composition, health indicators (diagnosed diseases and self-perceived health), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Active Ageing (a dichotomous variable (yes/no) was created based on a questionnaire dealing with the major domains of active ageing: disability/physical functioning, subjective health, satisfaction with life and social activity performed and cognitive functioning) and MNA. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between Active Ageing and MNA. There were no observed malnourished individuals and the prevalence of “malnutrition risk” was 15.7% in men and 25.1% in women. After calculating the “Active ageing” prevalence through multidimensional criteria, the probability of “Active Ageing” was higher in those individuals showing higher MNA values, when controlling for sex, education and age effects. In conclusion current and past nutrition, have an important impact on ageing. Adult height is useful to assess the poor alimentary conditions during childhood, body composition variables (Body Mass Index - BMI, waist circumference, and percentage of fat) are useful to understand the impact that the change in eating habits due to economic changes, has had on the health of older people in developed societies. Sex and education are important factors to take into account when older adults’ nutritional status and health are investigated.
Cardiovascular Disorders Mediated by Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction

Cardiovascular disorders, such as orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension, are common in patients with neurodegenerative synucleinopathies such as Parkinson disease (PD), and may also occur in other conditions, such as peripheral neuropathies, that result in autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. Dysfunction and degeneration of the ANS are implicated in the development of orthostatic and postprandial hypotension and impaired thermoregulation. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) results from sympathetic failure and is a common autonomic disorder in PD. Supine hypertension may also occur as a result of both sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction in conjunction with nOH in the majority of patients with PD. Management of supine hypertension in the setting of nOH can be counterintuitive and challenging. Additionally, the presence of other noncardiovascular comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and peripheral edema, may further contribute to the burden of disease. ANS dysfunction thus presents major healthcare implications and challenges for neurology and cardiovascular practices, necessitating an integrated neurology and cardiology management approach.
Improving Medication Information Presentation Through Interactive Visualization in Mobile Apps: Human Factors Design

Background Despite the detailed patient package inserts (PPIs) with prescription drugs that communicate crucial information about safety, there is a critical gap between patient understanding and the knowledge presented. As a result, patients may suffer from adverse events. We propose using human factors design methodologies such as hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and interactive visualization to bridge this gap. We hypothesize that an innovative mobile app employing human factors design with an interactive visualization can deliver PPI information aligned with patients’ information processing heuristics. Such an app may help patients gain an improved overall knowledge of medications. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of designing an interactive visualization-based mobile app using an HTA approach through a mobile prototype. Methods Two pharmacists constructed the HTA for the drug risperidone. Later, the specific requirements of the design were translated using infographics. We transferred the wireframes of the prototype into an interactive user interface. Finally, a usability evaluation of the mobile health app was conducted. Results A mobile app prototype using HTA and infographics was successfully created. We reiterated the design based on the specific recommendations from the usability evaluations. Conclusions Using HTA methodology, we successfully created a mobile prototype for delivering PPI on the drug risperidone to patients. The hierarchical goals and subgoals were translated into a mobile prototype.
Infection with a small intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri consistently alters microbial communities throughout the small and large intestine

Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal helminth infection can alter intestinal microbial communities with important impacts on the mammalian host. However, all of the studies to date utilize different techniques to study the microbiome and access different sites of the intestine with little consistency noted between studies. In the present study, we set out to perform a comprehensive analysis of the impact of intestinal helminth infection on the mammalian intestinal bacterial microbiome. For this purpose, we investigated the impact of experimental infection using the natural murine small intestinal helminth, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) and examined possible alterations in both the mucous and luminal bacterial communities along the entire small and large intestine. We also explored the impact of common experimental variables, including the parasite batch and pre-infection microbiome, on the outcome of helminth-bacterial interactions. This work provides evidence that helminth infection reproducibly alters intestinal microbial communities – with an impact of infection noted along the entire length of the intestine. Although the exact nature of helminth-induced alterations to the intestinal microbiome differed depending on the parasite batch and microbiome community structure present prior to infection, changes extended well beyond the introduction of new bacterial species by the infecting larvae. Moreover, striking similarities between different experiments were noted, including the consistent outgrowth of a bacterium belonging to the Peptostreptococcaceae family throughout the intestine. Author Summary Increasing evidence indicates a role for interactions between intestinal helminths and the microbiome in regulating mammalian health, and a greater understanding of helminth-microbiota interactions may open the path for the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies. However, such studies are hampered by the inconsistent nature of the data reported so far. Such inconsistancies likely result from variations in the experimental and technological methodologies employed to investigate helminth-microbiota interactions and well has natural variation in the starting microbiome composition and/or worm genetics. We conducted a thorough study in which the reproducibility of helminth-induced alterations of microbial communities was determined and impact of common experimental variables – such as the starting microbiome and parasite batch - was determined. Our work reveals the robust ability of small intestinal helminth infection to alter microbial communities along the entire length of the intestine and additionally identifies a single bacterium that is strongly associated with infection across multiple experiments.