Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraarticular Patient-Controlled Regional Anesthesia After Arthroscopically Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Ropivacaine/Morphine/Ketorolac Versus Ropivacaine/Morphine

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. We compared the intraarticular analgesic effects of ropivacaine and morphine with or without ketorolac and the need for rescue IV morphine at rest and during movement in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during spinal anesthesia. Thirty-nine patients receiving intraarticular patient-controlled regional analgesia with a 10-mL bolus and a 60-min lockout interval were randomized into 3 groups: the RM group received 0.25% ropivacaine and morphine 0.2 mg/mL; the RMK group received 0.25% ropivacaine, morphine 0.2 mg/mL and ketorolac 1 mg/mL; the P group received saline. Analgesic mixtures were prepared in 100-mL bags and coded. If needed, rescue morphine 2 mg was self-administered IV with 10-min lockout intervals. Pain scores and patient satisfaction were assessed at rest and during movement. There were no significant differences among the groups in pain scores and patient satisfaction. Daily morphine consumption was significantly smaller in the RMK group (8 ± 8 mg) compared with the RM group (23 ± 20 mg; P = 0.002) and in both groups compared with control (46 ± 21 mg; P < 0.001). We conclude that intraarticular patient-controlled regional analgesia provides effective pain relief after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The combination of intraarticular ropivacaine, morphine, and ketorolac was superior to control or to a combination of ropivacaine and morphine.
OFDM-Modulated Dynamic Coded Cooperation in Underwater Acoustic Channels

Dynamic coded cooperation (DCC) allows relay diversity without altering the transmission procedure from the source to the destination. In this paper, we propose a practical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-modulated DCC scheme for underwater relay networks, where OFDM modulation accommodates multipath fading channels with large delay spread. Two cooperation strategies are studied, where the relay transmits either identical or different OFDM blocks as the source during the cooperation phase. The block-level synchronization between the OFDM blocks from the source and the relay is achieved by a delay control mechanism at the relay, by knowing the distances among the source, relay, and destination. Two OFDM-DCC design examples are presented, one based on nonbinary rate-compatible low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes applied across multiple OFDM blocks, and the other using layered interblock erasure correction and intrablock error-correction coding. In addition to simulation studies, one particular design has been implemented on practical OFDM modems, and tested in a swimming pool and in a recent sea experiment. The proposed OFDM-DCC scheme is particularly appealing to underwater acoustic (UWA) networks where a relay node with abundant resources (e.g., a surface buoy) can enhance communications among underwater nodes without changing their transmission procedure.
Complications of long‐term anticoagulation

We used life‐table techniques to determine risks of morbidity and mortality associated with long‐term warfarin treatment in an anticoagulation clinic. Cumulative risks for life‐threatening complications and warfarin‐related death among all patients were 1% at 6 months, 5% at 1 year, and 7% at 2 and 3 years. Cox regression analysis using age as a continuous variable failed to show an effect of age on cumulative risks of complication. The occurrence of a minor complication during the course of therapy did not place patients at higher risk for developing a major complication that would prompt discontinuation of therapy or cause death. There was no statistically significant difference between the cumulative risks of patients anticoagulated for cerebrovascular disease and the cumulative risks of patients anticoagulated for other indications.
Multi-pass sentence-end detection of lecture speech

Making speech recognition output readable is an important task. The ﬁrst step here is automatic sentence end detection (SED). We introduce novel F0 derivative-based features and sentence end distance features for SED that yield signiﬁcant improvements in slot error rate (SER) in a multi-pass framework. Three different SED approaches are compared on a spoken lecture task: hidden event language models, boosting, and conditional random ﬁelds (CRFs). Experiments on reference transcripts show that CRF-based models give best results. Inclusion of pause duration features yields an improvement of 11.1% in SER. The addition of the F0-derivative features gives a further reduction of 3.0% absolute, and an additional 0.5% is gained by use of backward distance features. In the absence of audio, the use of backward features alone yields 2.2% absolute reduction in SER.
Health literacy in adolescents: an integrative review.

PURPOSE To determine the state of the science of health literacy instruments and interventions for use in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS There is a scarcity of literature regarding health literacy instruments and interventions for adolescents. Ten studies were included in the final table for analysis. One instrument shows high validity and reliability in English. Most interventions are exploratory, with two studies showing significant outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS More research is needed to establish the appropriate evaluation of and effective interventions for health literacy in adolescents.
Naming of the waves in the ECG, with a brief account of their genesis.

The purpose of this presentation is 2-fold: to tell the stories of the naming of the waves in the ECG and to discuss briefly the electrical activity that produces them. ### Naming the PQRST and U Waves In March 1997, I wrote to Howard Burchell to inquire if the legend about the naming of the waves in the ECG was true or not. Did Einthoven really have the foresight to recognize that by choosing letters near the middle of the alphabet, letters would be available to label waves that might be discovered later? Burchell’s response, dated March 31, 1997, is reproduced below: I could never get a direct confirmation that the letters were intentionally chosen from the middle of the alphabet, but Snellen, his “official biographer,” has said so, and he should know. There is another hypothesis put forward by Henson—relating an explanation of “P” standing for a point in a Descartes scheme—in the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 1971, 26:181. A note on Descartes seems appropriate because although he was born in France in 1596 and died in 1650, he plays a major role in the story that unfolds.1 He invented analytical geometry. He was the first scientist to state the law of refraction, and he labeled some of the points on the curves he drew P and Q. As discussed later, Einthoven undoubtedly studied the work of Descartes, as did all serious students of geometry and physics. The first human ECG, recorded by Waller2 in 1887 with Lippmann’s capillary electrometer, revealed only 2 deflections. Being a physiologist, Waller labeled the waves as one would expect a physiologist to do: he used letters that suggested the anatomic parts of the heart that produced them. Accordingly, he labeled the 2 waves V1 and V2 to indicate ventricular events. Einthoven, …
Apolipoprotein A5 S19W may play a role in dysbetalipoproteinemia in patients with the Apo E2/E2 genotype.

Apolipoprotein (apo) E is one of the constituents of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons and VLDL). Its interaction with the LDL receptor (LDLR), LDL-receptor related protein (LRP), and VLDL receptor permits clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants. The 3 common isoforms of the apo E protein, apo E2, apo E3, and apo E4, differ in their ability to bind lipoprotein receptors. Apo E3 is the most common isoform (frequency 75%). Apo E2 and apo E4 result from nucleotide substitutions affecting amino acid residues 158 and 112, respectively. Homozygosity for apo E2 is the cause of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Fdisβ), an autosomal, recessively transmitted disease in which reduced catabolism leads to dyslipemic phenotype type III, a characteristic accumulation of chylomicrons and VLDL remnants. Because only a small proportion (10%–20%) of persons with apo E2/E2 develop the dysbetalipoproteinemic phenotype, the clinical expression of this …
Phase II Trial of 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

Purpose: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway seems to be critical for melanoma proliferation. Components of these pathways are client proteins of heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90), suggesting that inhibition of hsp90 could have significant antimelanoma effects. We conducted a phase II trial using the hsp90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in melanoma patients. The primary end points were clinical responses and whether treatment inhibited MAPK pathway activity. Experimental Design: Melanoma patients with measurable disease were stratified on the basis of whether or not their tumor harbored a V600E BRAF mutation. The hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG was administered i.v. once weekly ×6 weeks at 450 mg/m2. Tumor biopsies were obtained pretreatment and 18 to 50 hours after the first dose of 17-AAG, and were snap-frozen. Results: Fifteen evaluable patients were treated; nine had BRAF mutations and six were wild-type. No objective responses were observed. Western blot analysis of tumor biopsies showed an increase in hsp70 and a decrease in cyclin D1 expression in the posttreatment biopsies but no significant effect on RAF kinases or phospho–extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. Plasma analyzed by mutant-specific PCR for V600E BRAF showed 86% sensitivity and 67% specificity in predicting tumor DNA sequencing results. Conclusions: At this dose and schedule of 17-AAG, the effects of 17-AAG on RAF kinase expression were short-lived, and no objective antimelanoma responses were seen. Future trials in melanoma should focus on a more potent hsp90 inhibitor or a formulation that can be administered chronically for a more prolonged suppression of the MAPK pathway.
Bidirectional Water Fluxes and Specificity for Small Hydrophilic Molecules in Aquaporins 0–5*

The dimensions of the aqueous pore in aquaporins (AQP) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 expressed in Xenopus laevisoocytes were probed by comparing the ability of various solutes to generate osmotic flow. By improved techniques, volume flows were determined from initial rates of changes. Identical values for the osmotic water permeability (L p ) were obtained in swelling as in shrinkage experiments demonstrating, for the first time, that aquaporins are bidirectional. The reflection coefficients (ς) of urea, glycerol, acetamide, and formamide at 23 °C were: AQP0: 1, 1, 0.8, 0.6; AQP1: 1, 0.8, 1, 1; AQP2: 1, 0.8, 1, 1; AQP3: 1, 0.2, 0.7, 0.4; AQP4: 1, 0.9, 1, 1; and AQP5: 1, 1, 1, 0.8. As seen there is no clear connection between solute size and permeation. At 13 °C the ςs for AQP3 were 1, 0.4, 1, and 0.5; functionally, this pore narrows at lower temperatures. HgCl2 reversibly reduced theL p of AQP3 and increased ςglyc to 1 and ςform to 0.6. We conclude that the pore of the various aquaporins are structurally different and that a simple steric model is insufficient to explain solute-pore interactions.
Recognition of poliovirus/HIV chimaeras by antisera from individuals with HIV infection

The neutralization of five poliovirus/HIV chimaeras by serum from HIV-infected individuals was examined to evaluate the presentation of HIV envelope sequences, to assess the immune response of individuals to specific epitopes, and to relate it to the stage of disease. The sera were unable to differentiate between four of the chimaeras and the Sabin vaccine strain. With a fifth construct containing an immunodominant gp41 sequence, significant differential recognition was observed in approximately 67% of individuals with asymptomatic HIV infection [groups II and III of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classification of HIV infection] and 37% of patients with symptomatic disease (CDC group IV). Furthermore, among patients with CDC stage IV disease antibody levels against this construct and the titre achieved decreased with progression to further disease from approximately 40% in AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients (CDC group IVA and IVC-2) to 14% in those with AIDS (other group IV diseases). Loss of antibody to this construct did not result from a reduction in the anti-polio or anti-envelope response, but from a decline in antibody levels to the HIV sequence inserted in antigenic site 1.
Smart Sensing: Chipless RFID Solutions for the Internet of Everything

The Internet of Everything (IoE), also called ambient intelligence, is the subject of intense worldwide research with the goal of interconnecting a large number of "things": intelligent sensors, tags, mobile phones-the list is virtually endless. These new smart objects and sensors will be able to produce information about their environment and share it with the Internet via wireless communication [1]. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology can have a significant impact in this regard. It is a wireless data-capturing technique that utilizes RF energy for automatically extracting the identity of remotely placed objects. The RFID tag has the potential to replace the barcode because of its manifold benefits, including its long reading range (greater than 10 m) and non-line-of-sight reading capability [2], [3].
A Review on Clustering Approaches for Wireless Sensor Network using Mobile Sink

- Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network which consists of different sensor nodes, where each sensor node has in-build storage and processing but its battery is not rechargeable. Main function of sensor nodes is to sense the environment, send the sensed data to the base station (BS), BS then further sends the data to the user through internet via gateway. There are several issues in WSN but the main issue is to conserve the energy of the nodes and to increase the lifetime of the network. So, the energy efficient clustering is adopted now days to conserve the energy and to overcome the hotspot problem. In clustering, sensor nodes are splitted into different clusters of equal and unequal sizes. This paper analyses the various works done in this field regarding efficient clustering approaches in WSN. Also concept of mobile sink is being discussed and all papers are analysed for their merits and demerits
Mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and ERK1/2 regulated control of Mycobacterium avium replication in primary murine macrophages is independent of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10

In macrophages, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are critical regulators of both, mycobacterial replication and mycobacteria-induced cytokine formation. To segregate direct effects of MAPK function on mycobacterial replication from indirect, cytokine-mediated effects, we studied the growth of Mycobacterium avium strains in wild-type and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α- or interleukin (IL)-10-deficient bone marrow-derived murine macrophages. Using specific inhibitors of the p38- and the ERK1/2-MAPK pathways, we found that the use of SB203580 always reduced, whereas the presence of PD98059 always promoted, bacterial replication of highly virulent and intermediately virulent M. avium strains, independent of endogenous TNF-α or IL-10. The exogenous addition of TNF-α to TNF-α-deficient and wild-type M. avium-infected macrophages overrode the replication-reducing effect of SB203580, but not the replication-promoting effect of PD98059. In summary, our data demonstrate that a proper balance of MAPK activity is essential for macrophage control of M. avium growth, and that the ratio of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 can additionally modulate replication. Our findings indicate a novel therapeutic avenue for treating mycobacterial infections in particular by stimulating ERK1/2 or activating ERK1/2-dependent mechanisms in infected macrophages.
Inferior parietal region implicated in neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

To the Editor. — Berman et al, 1 in the July 1988 issue of theArchives, demonstrated increased cerebral blood flow in posterior cortical regions of both schizophrenic subjects and control subjects while they were performing the Raven's Progressive Matrices task. Cerebral blood flow in the two groups did not differ significantly. In contrast, schizophrenics' failure to activate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while doing the Wisconsin Card Sort Test 2 has now been replicated. 3 These authors argued that the data support their contention that there is both brain-regional and behavioral specificity in schizophrenia. We suggest that a specific region within the parietal cortex is also related to neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia. We have recently examined the relationship of scores from a neuropsychological test battery with regional brain fludeoxyglucose F 18 measured by positron emission tomography. The procedures were administered within 1 week of each other. We examined 16 drug-free patients
Time-Resolved Response of Polymer Bulk-Heterojunction Photodetectors

We have fabricated a polymer bulk-heterojunction photodetector from a (1:0.7) blend solution of poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxy-carbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-(6, 6)C-61 (PCBM) in o-dichlorobenzene. Absorption spectrum, external quantum efficiency and current-voltage (I-V) curves, both in dark condition and under illumination of a narrowband green light-emitting diode (green-LED) with λem,peak center at 525 nm, were measured to characterize the photodiode behavior. Moreover, the time-resolved response under the green-LED stimulus modulated at 200 KHz has been measured. This result suggests the application of our device as organic photodetector for all-organic optical data link in low-cost plastic-optical-fiber-based systems.
Ecological Correlates of Paternal Investment of Urates in a Tropical Cockroach

Females of the tropical cockroach Xestoblatta hamata feed on urates offered by the male after copulation. Females on nitrogen-deficient diets ingest and transfer to their maturing oocytes more male-derived uric acid than do females on high-protein diets. In isolated females, the greatest uptake of uric acid by the ovaries occurs during the mating stage in the reproductive cycle. Uric acid from males contributes significantly to the female's nitrogen pool and may help shorten the time between mating and oviposition. In both field and laboratory experiments males choose high-protein foods and dietary uric acid.
Biological effects of low protein diet with gum Arabic on rats chronic kidney disease

Gum Arabic is used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries as an emulsifier and stabilizer, and in some countries in the traditional treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by progressive deterioration of kidney function, which develops eventually into a terminal stage of chronic kidney failure. The present study was carried out to explore the effect of gum Arabic with taken orally 1ml/day/kg body weight for each rat with low protein and the effect of some minerals on chronic kidney diseases in rats on nutritional status and serum minerals of rats suffering from chronic kidney disease. The mean values of serum sodium, potassium, uric acid, urea and creatinine were increased in chronic kidney disease group fed on basal diet containing 2% adenine (control positive) as compared to normal group fed on basal diet (control negative). Whereas, all groups were taken orally 1ml/day/kg body weigh rat from gum Arabic (GA) with all suggested diets leads to significant improvements in kidney and liver functions, nutritional status and serum minerals of rats suffering from chronic kidney disease chronic kidney disease. Gum Arabic was added to pomegranate juice at level 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% and the sensory characteristics such as flavor, aroma, color, texture and overall acceptability were evaluated. The results showed that the added gum Arabic to pomegranate juice till 2.5% was acceptability. From the obviously results it could be recommended that the gum Arabic was taken orally 1ml/Kg body weight for each rat/day with the all suggested diets leads to significant improvements in kidney functions, nutritional status and serum minerals of rats suffering from chronic kidney disease and the all diets from. Moreover, the addition of gum Arabic to pomegranate juice till 2.5 % was acceptability, safety and healthy.
The management of constipation in palliative care: clinical practice recommendations

Constipation is one of the most common problems in patients receiving palliative care and can cause extreme suffering and discomfort. The aims of this study are to raise awareness of constipation in palliative care, provide clear, practical guidance on management and encourage further research in the area. A pan-European working group of physicians and nurses with significant experience in the management of constipation in palliative care met to evaluate the published evidence and produce these clinical practice recommendations. Four potentially relevant publications were identified, highlighting a lack of clear, practical guidance on the assessment, diagnosis and management of constipation in palliative care patients. Given the limited data available, our recommendations are based on expert clinical opinion, relevant research findings from other settings and best practice from the countries represented. Palliative care patients are at a high risk of constipation, and while general principles of prevention should be followed, pharmacological treatment is often necessary. The combination of a softener and stimulant laxative is generally recommended, and the choice of laxatives should be made on an individual basis. The current evidence base is poor and further research is required on many aspects of the assessment, diagnosis and management of constipation in palliative care.
CURRENT SHEET REGULATION OF SOLAR NEAR-RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON INJECTION HISTORIES

We present a sample of three large near-relativistic (>50 keV) electron events observed in 2001 by both the ACE and the Ulysses spacecraft, when Ulysses was at high-northern latitudes (>60°) and close to 2 AU. Despite the large latitudinal distance between the two spacecraft, electrons injected near the Sun reached both heliospheric locations. All three events were associated with large solar flares, strong decametric type II radio bursts and accompanied by wide (>212°) and fast (>1400 km s−1) coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We use advanced interplanetary transport simulations and make use of the directional intensities observed in situ by the spacecraft to infer the electron injection profile close to the Sun and the interplanetary transport conditions at both low and high latitudes. For the three selected events, we find similar interplanetary transport conditions at different heliolatitudes for a given event, with values of the mean free path ranging from 0.04 AU to 0.27 AU. We find differences in the injection profiles inferred for each spacecraft. We investigate the role that sector boundaries of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) have on determining the characteristics of the electron injection profiles. Extended injection profiles, associated with coronal shocks, are found if the magnetic footpoints of the spacecraft lay in the same magnetic sector as the associated flare, while intermittent sparse injection episodes appear when the spacecraft footpoints are in the opposite sector or a wrap in the HCS bounded the CME structure.