Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric and Anthroposcopic Findings of the Nasal and Facial Region in Cleft Patients before and after Primary Lip and Palate Repair

Two populations were studied and compared to determine the effects of cleft lip and palate surgery on the nose and face. In the first, three anthropometric measurements, two nasal and one facial, were taken before primary lip repair from infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). In the second, ten measurements were taken from the nose and face of patients surgically treated for UCLP and BCLP. The high frequency of noses disproportionately wide in relation to their height in both cleft types before primary lip repair greatly decreased after surgery. Among the residual deformities after surgery for UCLP, nostril floor width asymmetry was the most frequent, followed by columella length asymmetry, flat nasal bridge, wide soft nose, flat nasal tip, and small nasal tip protrusion. In the BCLP patients, nostril floor width asymmetry was also the most common stigma, followed by flat nasal tip, wide soft nose, columella length asymmetry, flat nasal bridge and bilaterally angled alae, and small nasal tip protrusion. A subnormally flat upper face inclination was observed in UCLP and BCLP patients. Quantitative determination of these nasal stigmata in cleft lip and palate patients who have undergone primary lip repair provides valuable information for surgical correction of the cleft soft-tissue deformities.
Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Analysis of Heart Rate Signal Affected by Iranian Music

Purpose: Several studies have been done measuring the effects of music on various vital signs more frequently on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and consequently the heart rate (HR). This study has been conducted to address the effects of Iranian music on cardiac functioning by thoroughly examining the extracted HR from ECG signals. A strong mathematical method is needed to extract signal features. One of the adaptive mathematical analyses is empirical mode decomposition (EMD), which is implemented to analyze the nonlinear and non-stationary data. This method can decompose any complicated signal into a group of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) through a sifting process. Basic methods: In this paper the EMD-based feature extraction algorithm of HR signal which does not require a priori functional basis will be described. Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) are used to identify the peaks in the signal. Then maximum amplitude (MaxFFT) and maximum frequency (MaxFreq) using FFT and sample entropy (SampEn) for each extracted IMF and their combinations are calculated. SampEn algorithm is applied to calculate the complexity of each IMF and their combinations. Paired sample t-test was also conducted to assess if there were any significant differences between MaxFFT, SampEn and MaxFreq values of the IMFs. Main results: Considering the high frequency IMFs, results indicate that the MaxFFT values are decreased, but the SampEn and MaxFreq values are increased during listening to Iranian music. Conclusion: Experimental results from 62 subjects showed that the proposed methodology can be useful to show the differences between pre-music and during-music stages.
Cascaded H-Bridge Five-Level Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using Proportional–Integral Controller

In recent years, the demand for clean and green energy has required highquality output power with low switching losses. It is also seen the soft switching technology develop, showing that the demand further increases by improving efficiency. This trend is expected to continue in coming years because the energy produced by renewable sources is expected to satisfy 20% and 50% of the total needs in 2020 and 2050, respectively. It is also witnessed that among these renewable energy sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is found to be a promising energy. An important consequence of this situation is a change in the electric power system from the present one, consisting of a relatively low number of very highpower alternating current (AC) generators, to a distributed one, characterized by an extremely large number of smalland medium-power direct current (DC) and AC generators supplied by renewable energy sources connected to the grid through electronic power converters, the latter adapting the produced energy to grid specifications. This new scenario introduces many technical, economic, and political challenges because it is changing the way in which the electrical energy resources (generation, transmission, and distribution networks) are designed and managed. From the technical viewpoint, the use of electronic power converters introduces new and challenging issues, including increased topological complexity, additional power losses, and electromagnetic interferences, thus reducing the overall quality of service, efficiency, and network stability. Franquelo et al.1 introduced the pulse width modulation (PWM) multilevel inverter as an effective alternative to current inverter topologies and provided an introduction of the modeling Cascaded H-Bridge Five-Level Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using Proportional–Integral Controller
Eleven days in Israel: A unique and innovative experience in teaching trauma practice

In our narratives we share our experiences leading a group of social work and psychology graduate level and continuing education students on an intensive, eleven-day elective course on trauma in the culturally diverse contexts of Israel. We begin with an introduction about our personal rationale for creating the course, follow with the logistical planning including challenges endured over the nearly two year planning period and our individual reactions to the eleven-day journey, and end with a summary of our students’ and own learning. We hope that in reading our reflections, others will be inspired toward adventure and will take risks to explore and embark on teaching opportunities outside of the norm.
Herpetic keratitis and keratouveitis after mitomycin-C use in glaucoma filtering surgery: a short case series

Purpose We report 4 eyes of 3 patients with presumed herpetic keratitis/keratouveitis after glaucoma surgery wherein intraoperative mitomycin-C was used. Methods Three patients, aged 18–75 years, were found to have unilateral or bilateral herpetic keratitis and/or keratouveitis, 15 days to 2 years after trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. Results All 3 cases healed without any sequelae after 4 to 6 weeks with topical and/or systemic acyclovir. Topical steroids were used in cases with stromal involvement. Conclusions Mitomycin-C may predispose/facilitate development of herpetic keratitis/keratouveitis up to 2 years after glaucoma surgery.
Dental Anomalies of the Permanent Lateral Incisors and Prevalence of Hypodontia outside the Cleft Area in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective: To determine in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) subjects the characteristics (location, shape) of the cleft-side lateral incisor. The presence of a supernumerary tooth at the cleft side and the prevalence of hypodontia outside the cleft area were evaluated. A comparison was made of the shape of the cleft side lateral incisor to its contralateral incisor. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Patients: Orthopantomograms of 203 subjects with UCLP and without syndromes were chronologically selected from the HRCA data bank, within an age range of 5 to 10 years. Outcome Measure: Orthopantomograms were analyzed by the same observer according to established criteria. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between sexes for any of the criteria studied. The cleft-side lateral incisor was present in 50.2%, and it was more commonly located at the distal side (76.5%). The congenital absence of the cleft-side lateral incisor was observed in 49.8% of the sample, and its antimere was congenitally missing in 10.9%, this difference being statistically significant. The most commonly missing tooth outside the cleft area was the maxillary second premolar. Conclusions: The high prevalence of hypodontia of the permanent lateral incisor in the cleft side showed that the cleft could play an important role in this absence. There were different patterns for the presence of the cleft-side lateral incisor.
Examine Your Orofacial Cleft Patients for Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome

The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is characterized by tour primary symptoms: multiple nevold basal cell epitheliomas that usually undergo malignant transformation; jaw keratocysts that show constant growth; skeletal anomalies; and intracranial calcifications. A myriad of additional findings may also be noted. Among the most frequent are: palmar and plantar pits, a characteristic flattened facles and broad nasal root, frontal and parietal bossing, mandibular prognathia, hypertelorism, strabismus, dystrophia of the canthi, and clefts of the lip, alveolus, and/or palate. In this study, we review the literature and our 25 cases of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome patients, questioning their incidence of cleft formations (8.5%) as compared to the general population (0.1%). It is our contention that all patients who present with an orofacial cleft warrant deeper investigation as to the presence of additional signs indicative of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. The nevi turn malignant with time, and thus, early diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment are imperative.
Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils from Xyloselinum Vietnamense and X. Selinum Leonidii

The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves and stems of Xyloselinum vietnamense and X. leonidii,two new species belonging to the family Apiaceae, were analyzed by GC-MS. The major components in both species were sabinene, α- and β-pinene, myrcene, β-phellandrene, (Z)-β-ocimene, and terpinen-4-ol. The monoterpene sabinene was most abundant in the leaves of X vietnamense(75.0%). These compounds might be considered as chemotaxonomic markers of Xyloselinum species. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, all four essential oils showed moderate activity, while the water extracts exhibited stronger effects. The strong DPPH scavenging activity of the water residues of X. vietnamens and X. leonidii might be due to their phenolic components. This paper is the first report on the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of X vietnamens and X. leonidii.
HPLC Study of Uremic Fluids Related to Optical Dialysis Adequacy Monitoring

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate uremia-related high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ultraviolet (UV) absorbance profiles of serum and spent dialysate and to study the removal of uremic retention solutes in connection with optical dialysis adequacy monitoring. Methods: 10 uremic patients were investigated using online spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 280 nm over the course of 30 hemodialysis treatments. The dialysate and blood samples were taken and analyzed simultaneously using standard biochemical methods and reversed-phase HPLC. Filters with cutoff at 3 kDa and 70 kDa were used for the pre-treatment of the serum. The chromatographic peaks were detected by a UV detector at wavelengths of 254 and 280 nm. Results: This study indicated that the main solute responsible for UV absorbance in the spent dialysate is a low-molecular-weight, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compound uric acid (UA). Three additional uremic retention solutes – creatinine (CR), indoxyl sulphate (IS) and hippuric acid (HA) – were identified from the HPLC profiles. The number of detected HPLC peaks was not significantly different for a serum filtered through the 3 kDa or 70 kDa cutoff filters, and was lower for the spent dialysate, indicating that the molecular weight (MW) of the main UV chromophores in the uremic fluids did not exceed 3 kDa. The reduction ratio (RR) estimated by the total area of HPLC peaks at 254 nm and 280 nm in the serum and by the online UV absorbance at 280 nm was best related to the removal of small water-soluble non-protein bound solutes like urea (UR), CR and UA. Conclusions: The present study contributes new information on the removal of uremic retention solutes during hemodialysis and on the origin of the optical dialysis adequacy monitoring signal. (Int J Artif Organs 2010; 33: 96-104) Key WORDS: Hemodialysis, HPLC, Uremic toxins, Ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Monitoring
Evaluation of Cartilage Specific Matrix Synthesis of Human Articular Chondrocytes after Extended Propagation on Microcarriers by Image Analysis

Background: Cell-based technologies for the repair of cartilage defects usually rely on the expansion of low numbers of chondrocytes isolated from biopsies of healthy cartilage. Proliferating chondrocytes are known to undergo dedifferentiation characterized by downregulation of collagen type II and proteoglycan production, and by upregulation of collagen type I synthesis. Re-expression of cartilage specific matrix components by expanded chondrocytes is therefore critical for successful cartilage repair. Methods: Human articular chondrocytes were expanded on microcarriers Cytodex 3. The growth area was increased by adding empty microcarriers. Added microcarriers were colonized by bead-to-bead transfer of the cells. The chondrocytes were harvested from the microcarriers and characterized by their ability to synthesize collagen type II when cultivated in alginate beads using chondrogenic growth factors. A semi-automatic image analysis technique was developed to determine the fractions of collagen type II and type I positive cells. Results: The expansion of human articular chondrocytes on microcarriers yielded high cell numbers and propagation rates compared to chondrocytes expanded in flask culture for one passage. The proportion of collagen type II positive cells compared to collagen type I synthesizing cells was increased compared to chondrocytes expanded using conventional methods. The matrix synthesis upon treatment with chondrogenic factors IGF-I and BMP-7 was enhanced whereas TGF-ß had an inhibitory effect on microcarrier expanded chondrocytes. Conclusions: Expanding human articular chondrocytes on microcarriers omitting subcultivation steps leads to superior ratios of collagen type II to type I forming cells compared to the expansion in conventional monolayer culture. (Int J Artif Organs 2010; 33: 204-18) KEy WORdS: Bead-to-bead transfer, Cartilage repair, Image analysis, Microcarriers, Redifferentiation of chondrocytes
Can Cultural Competency Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities? A Review and Conceptual Model

This article develops a conceptual model of cultural competency’s potential to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities, using the cultural competency and disparities literature to lay the foundation for the model and inform assessments of its validity. The authors identify nine major cultural competency techniques: interpreter services, recruitment and retention policies, training, coordinating with traditional healers, use of community health workers, culturally competent health promotion, including family/community members, immersion into another culture, and administrative and organizational accommodations. The conceptual model shows how these techniques could theoretically improve the ability of health systems and their clinicians to deliver appropriate services to diverse populations, thereby improving outcomes and reducing disparities. The authors conclude that while there is substantial research evidence to suggest that cultural competency should in fact work, health systems have little evidence about which cultural competency techniques are effective and less evidence on when and how to implement them properly.
Directions and Issues in Psychosocial Research and Methods as Applied to Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies

Psychosocial research into cleft lip and/or palate and craniofacial conditions has historically employed a “medical model” of research that sought to clarify whether patients experienced psychopathology as a consequence of the birth defect. In recent years, this paradigm has been replaced by a “social science model” of research that posits that most individuals with clefts do not manifest psychological pathology. The “social science model” examines adjustment and adaptation in the patients and their families. Research questions may consider the social, cultural, and psychological ramifications of being different in terms of speech, appearance, or identity. The authors suggest that an expanded set of research questions be considered, and that researchers from sociology, anthropology, ethics, economics, health services research, as well as psychology, become engaged. This paper proposes a range of possible research topics and indicates likely trends in research design and methodology.
Comparison of Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Bilateral Complete Cleft of Primary versus Secondary Palate

Objective: To identify and compare the craniofacial morphology of patients with bilateral complete cleft of primary palate (BCCPP) and bilateral complete cleft of secondary palate (BCCSP). In addition, to evaluate the differential effects of lip repair and palatal repair on the craniofacial morphology in cleft patients. Subjects: Twenty-four children, 10 boys and 14 girls, mean age of 5.8 years, with BCCPP (BCCPP group). Twenty-five children, 10 boys and 15 girls, mean age of 5.6 years, with BCCSP (BCCSP group). Design: Retrospective analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the craniofacial morphology at about 5 years of age. Results: Compared with the BCCSP group, the BCCPP group demonstrated longer maxillary length, more protruded maxilla, more favorable jaw relation, more severely retroclined maxillary incisors, and larger overjet. Conclusions: The subjects with BCCPP had craniofacial characteristics that differed significantly from those with BCCSP. It could also be speculated that palatal repair had more adverse effect on the growth of the maxilla in length; however, that repair influenced less the anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors than lip repair did.
Endocranial Vascular Patterns in a Familial Rabbit Model of Coronal Suture Synostosis

Objective: The present study investigates the potential relationship between craniosynostosis and any changes in endocranial vasculature. The hypothesis that crania from rabbits with familial, nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis and crania from rabbits with experimental immobilization of the coronal suture are associated with altered form of the middle meningeal vessels and dural venous sinuses is tested. Design: Silicone rubber endocasts from 14 adult New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with familial nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis (five with bilateral coronal suture synostosis and nine with unilateral coronal suture synostosis) were made to assess middle meningeal vessel and dural venous sinus form. For comparative purposes, endocasts were made from 25 rabbits with normal, patent coronal sutures and 10 rabbits with experimental immobilization of the coronal suture. Impressions of the dural venous sinuses were assessed for depth and width. The area of the confluens of sinuses was also assessed. Impressions of the middle meningeal vessels were assessed for depth, width, and degree of convolution. For width of the dural venous sinuses and area of the confluens of sinuses, comparisons among groups were made with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). For depth of the dural venous sinuses and impressions of the middle meningeal vessels, comparisons among groups were made using a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. Results: Crania with familial coronal suture synostosis had significantly (p , .05) reduced posterior dural venous sinus dimensions when compared with both crania from rabbits with experimental immobilization of the coronal suture and rabbits with normal coronal sutures. Crania with both coronal suture synostosis and experimental immobilization had significant increases in dimensions of the middle meningeal vessels relative to normal crania. In addition, casts from rabbits with unicoronal suture synostosis showed marked asymmetry in the dural venous sinuses. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that craniosynostosis is associated with alterations in endocranial vasculature. These changes are most likely a secondary response to synostosis rather than a causal factor and may reflect increased intracranial pressure, decreased intracranial volume, and local accumulations and reductions of cerebrospinal fluid in the posterior region of the skull and immediately deep to the coronal suture.
Facial Attractiveness and Facial Impairment Ratings in Children with Craniofacial Malformations

Objective: This study examined (1) the effects of type of malformation, sex of ratee, and sex of rater on facial attractiveness and facial impairment ratings, and (2) the reliability of judgments on facial attractiveness and facial impairment and the association between these two constructs. Setting: A university hospital for children. Participants: Raters were eight volunteers from the student population in a university, four men and four women. Main Outcome Measures: Raters judged frontal and lateral view slides of children with various types of craniofacial malformations both on a 5-point facial attractiveness scale and on a 5-point facial impairment scale. Results: Main effects were found for type of malformation, sex of ratee, and sex of rater. No interaction effects were found among type of malformation, sex of ratee, and sex of rater. Interrater reliability was moderate to high, both for attractiveness ratings and for impairment ratings. The correlation between facial attractiveness and facial impairment was also moderate to high. Conclusions: Both condition parameters (type of malformation) as well as social parameters (sex of rater and sex of ratee) seem to influence judgments on attractiveness and impairment. Facial attractiveness and facial impairment can be rated reliably in children with (cerebro)craniofacial dysplasias. Raters consider these concepts to be very similar but not identical.
Language and Morality: A Case Study on Vulgar Contents in Song Lyrics Prohibited by KPID West Java

The article reveals how language maintains moral values. It specifically discusses the prohibition of several English songs by the Indonesian Regional Broadcasting Commission West Java Chapter (KPID JABAR) due to their vulgar contents. The discussion covers the disposition of language and morality, which were viewed from the perspective of morality. The article aims to (1) reveal various vulgar contents conveyed explicitly and implicitly in a number of English songs which were prohibited by KPID JABAR (2) discuss the relationship between vulgarism and language morality in the context of Indonesian culture, as an attempt to provide an explanation on why KPID JABAR prohibited those songs at the particular broadcasting hours. It deployed a Descriptive Qualitative method, as the study highlighted the language phenomenon in society. The data consisted of all lingual forms of those English songs, including vocabularies, phrases, clauses, sentences, and discourses that contained vulgarism. Meanwhile, the data source included 17 English songs banned by KPID JABAR. It combined listening, transcription, and reading as the series of data collection technique. The data analysis featured a Content Analysis, in which the researchers stood as the key instruments, as they are native speakers of Indonesian Language and fully understand the norms of Indonesian cultural morality. The findings essentially proved the existence of vulgar contents promoted by those songs, either explicitly or implicitly. It implied that KPID JABAR’s policy to prohibit those songs had reflected a standard measure of the Indonesian morality that should uphold the politeness principles in conveying ideas