Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Food poisoning caused by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (O164:H-)--a case in which the causative agent was identified].

Food poisoning due to "Godofu (Sasayuki tofu)" as a main causative foodstuff which broke out on July 14, 1988. There were 670 out of 918 persons who ingested this food who became ill (incidence 73.0%). The main symptoms were diarrhea (93.4%), fever (77.5%), abdominal pain (64.5%), and vomiting (19.9%). A high degree of fever and watery diarrhea were characteristic of this poisoning. The average latent period was 35 hours with a range of one to 156. The O164:H- strains of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) were detected from 22 of the 32 fecal samples collected from the patients, five of ten samples collected from workers engaged in tofu making, and one sample of left-over Godofu. The virulence of EIEC strains isolated from the patients, workers, and left-over food was confirmed by invasion into HeLa and HEp-2 cells, Sereny test, and ELISA test to detect invasive plasmid-derived protein of the organism (conducted at Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health). These EIEC strains were sensitive (less than or equal to 0.19 to 6.25 micrograms/ml) to GM, ABPC, CBPC, CER, CET, NA, PB, MINO, TC and CP as well as KM and OFLX which were used for treatment. However, their susceptibility to FOM varied to some extent (6.25 to 25.0 micrograms/ml) and one strain isolated from a tofu worker was resistant to MINO, TC, FOM and CP (25 to greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml). Since investigation revealed that Godofu was left at room temperature about 29 degrees C until ingested, we did a experiment to check the bacterial growth in Godofu under similar conditions at the time of outbreak. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The vascular endothelial barrier — selective retention of lipoproteins

New experimental evidence in vivo suggests that, upon entrance into the arterial intima, IDL and VLDL become trapped at least to the same extent as LDL, and that lipoprotein(a) in normal arteries becomes trapped to the same extent as LDL. In the injured vessel, however, lipoprotein(a) seems to be trapped more than LDL. Further, new evidence also suggests that mildly oxidized LDL may circulate in plasma for a period long enough to enter, accumulate, and be degraded in the arterial intima in preference to normal LDL.
Sensitivity of Photon-Counting Based  ${\rm K}$-Edge Imaging in X-ray Computed Tomography

The feasibility of K-edge imaging using energy-resolved, photon-counting transmission measurements in X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been demonstrated by simulations and experiments. The method is based on probing the discontinuities of the attenuation coefficient of heavy elements above and below the K-edge energy by using energy-sensitive, photon counting X-ray detectors. In this paper, we investigate the dependence of the sensitivity of K-edge imaging on the atomic number Z of the contrast material, on the object diameter D , on the spectral response of the X-ray detector and on the X-ray tube voltage. We assume a photon-counting detector equipped with six adjustable energy thresholds. Physical effects leading to a degradation of the energy resolution of the detector are taken into account using the concept of a spectral response function R(E,U) for which we assume four different models. As a validation of our analytical considerations and in order to investigate the influence of elliptically shaped phantoms, we provide CT simulations of an anthropomorphic Forbild-Abdomen phantom containing a gold-contrast agent. The dependence on the values of the energy thresholds is taken into account by optimizing the achievable signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) with respect to the threshold values. We find that for a given X-ray spectrum and object size the SNR in the heavy element's basis material image peaks for a certain atomic number Z. The dependence of the SNR in the high-Z basis-material image on the object diameter is the natural, exponential decrease with particularly deteriorating effects in the case where the attenuation from the object itself causes a total signal loss below the K-edge. The influence of the energy-response of the detector is very important. We observed that the optimal SNR values obtained with an ideal detector and with a CdTe pixel detector whose response, showing significant tailing, has been determined at a synchrotron differ by factors of about two to three. The potentially very important impact of scattered X-ray radiation and pulse pile-up occurring at high photon rates on the sensitivity of the technique is qualitatively discussed.
Methods for automatic microarray image segmentation

This paper describes image processing methods for automatic spotted microarray image analysis. Automatic gridding is important to achieve constant data quality and is, therefore, especially interesting for large-scale experiments as well as for integration of microarray expression data from different sources. We propose a Markov random field (MRF) based approach to high-level grid segmentation, which is robust to common problems encountered with array images and does not require calibration. We also propose an active contour method for single-spot segmentation. Active contour models describe objects in images by properties of their boundaries. Both MRFs and active contour models have been used in various other computer vision applications. The traditional active contour model must be generalized for successful application to microarray spot segmentation. Our active contour model is employed for spot detection in the MRF score functions as well as for spot signal segmentation in quantitative array image analysis. An evaluation using several image series from different sources shows the robustness of our methods.
A Comparison of the Parables of The Gospel According to Thomas and of the Synoptinc Gospels

However interesting ‘The Gospel According to Thomas’1 may be to students of the primitive Church, it seems at first sight highly improbable that this strange farrago of sayings will make any contribution to our knowledge of Jesus' teaching. And yet to the New Testament scholar the Gospel according to Thomas is perhaps the most interesting of all the manuscripts found near Nag Hammadi in 1945, inasmuch as some of its contents have affinities with the sayings and parables of Jesus which are found in the canonical gospels. A comparison of the parables and similitudes found in Thomas with parallel material in the synoptic gospels2 raises fascinating and fundamental problems of higher criticism.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia developing after hair transplantation for androgenetic alopecia

A 75-year-old man developed progressive recession of his frontal hairline associated with loss of follicular orifices and development of telangiectasia over an 18-month period (Fig. 1a). The fibrosing alopecia was confined to the frontal scalp and there were no multifocal areas present over the sides, vertex or occiput. There were no lesions of lichen planus on general skin examination. He had received hair transplants for progressive male pattern alopecia (Hamilton type III progressing to early type IV), involving the frontal hairline between 1971 and 1994. There had been seven procedures using plugs till 1988 and then mini or micro transplants till 1994, with an excellent result 5 years before the onset of the frontal fibrosing alopecia (Fig. 1b). He had a history of prostate cancer in 1988 that had been treated with radiotherapy and brachotherapy. His only medications were prazosin hydrochloride and celecoxib. Multiple scalp biopsies were analyzed. Removal of a transplant plug with intact hairs at the frontal edge of the hairline revealed 16 terminal follicles and three fibrous tracts. Ten of the follicles were associated with perifollicular fibrosis and lichenoid inflammation concentrated around the infundibulum and isthmus regions in a pattern typical of lichen planopilaris (Fig. 2). A transplant plug devoid of hairs from the frontal area showed three remaining terminal follicles with lichenoid inflammation and 12 fibrous tracts. A biopsy from the central scalp with hair thinning showed 10 terminal hair follicles and 24 fibrous tracts with miniaturized follicles in a pattern of androgenetic alopecia. A biopsy from the temporoparietal zone of clinically normal hairs showed 32 follicles and five fibrous tracts but no perifollicular fibrosis, perifollicular inflammation or significant miniaturization. Discussion
Neuropsychologists’ Validity Testing Beliefs and Practices: A Survey of North American Professionals

Objective: The current study investigated changes in neuropsychologists’ validity testing beliefs and practices since publication of the last North American survey targeting these issues in 2007 and explored emerging issues in validity testing that had not been previously addressed in the professional survey literature. Methods: Licensed North American neuropsychologists (n = 316), who primarily evaluate adults, were surveyed in regard to the following topics: (1) comparison of objective validity testing, qualitative data, and clinical judgment; (2) approaches to validity test administration; (3) formal communication in cases of suspected malingering; (4) reporting of validity test results; (5) suspected causes of invalidity; (6) integration of stand-alone, embedded, and symptom-report validity measures; (7) multiple performance validity test interpretation; (8) research practices; and (9) popularity of specific validity instruments. Results: Overall, findings from the current survey indicated that all but a small minority of respondents routinely utilize validity testing in their examinations. Furthermore, nearly all neuropsychologists surveyed believed formal validity testing to be mandatory in forensic evaluations and at least desirable in clinical evaluations. While results indicated general agreement among neuropsychologists across many aspects of validity testing, responses regarding some facets of validity test implementation, interpretation, and reporting were more variable. Validity testing utilization generally did not differ according to level of forensic involvement but did vary in respect to respondent literature consumption. Conclusions: Study findings differ significantly from past professional surveys and indicate an increased utilization of validity testing, suggesting a pronounced paradigm shift in neuropsychology validity testing beliefs and practices.
High prevalence of duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients in Korea.

BACKGROUND Although gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer are both related to Helicobacter pylori infection, they are mutually exclusive diseases such that patients with a history of duodenal ulcer have a markedly reduced risk of developing gastric cancer. It has been hypothesized that different strains of H. pylori may be related to the different diseases. Our aim was to study the prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients in South Korea, a country with a high incidence of gastric cancer. METHODS The study population consisted of consecutive patients between the ages of 20 and 81 years referred to Guro Hospital's Endoscopic Unit for evaluation of dyspepsia. Patients with a history of peptic ulcer or gastric cancer were excluded. Each patient underwent endoscopy and completed a detailed questionnaire. Peptic ulcer was defined as the presence of an active ulcer, red scar, or white scar. RESULTS One thousand patients were evaluated, and 867 (43% men and 57% women) met the entry criteria. The prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer were 24% and 7%, respectively. Among peptic ulcer patients, duodenal ulcer was commoner (75%) than gastric ulcer or coexistent duodenal and gastric ulcer (21% and 4%, respectively). The mean age of duodenal and gastric ulcer patients (45 +/- 14 and 48 +/- 12 years, respectively) was significantly lower than that of gastric cancer patients (59 +/- 11 years) (P < 0.01). Only 44 (7%) of the 597 remaining patients had definite endoscopic abnormalities (for example, erosive esophagitis, duodenitis, or pyloric deformity). CONCLUSION Gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer were prevalent diagnoses among Korean patients undergoing endoscopy for evaluation of dyspepsia. Korea may be the ideal country to investigate the relation between specific H. pylori strains and different H. pylori diseases.
Serotoninergic neurons in the retina of Xenopus laevis: Selective staining, identification, development, and content

Uptake of 3H‐serotonin followed by autoradiography, and uptake of the serotonin analog 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine (5,7‐DHT), with subsequent staining, were each used to define a unique set of neurons in the retina of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Both techniques demonstrated the same population of neurons, on the basis of perikaryal size, shape, and position within the retina. Two classes of amacrine cells accumulated 5,7‐DHT at the proximal (vitread) margin of the inner nuclear layer; the two classes were distinguished by the size of their perikarya. Two similar populations of cells, observed in the ganglion cell layer with lower frequency, may represent “displaced” counterparts of these two amacrine cell types. A class of bipolar cells whose perikarya were located in middle‐to‐distal regions of the inner nuclear layer also accumulated 5,7‐DHT and 3H‐serotonin. Processes of these cells contributed to a dense plexus of fine fibers that appeared evenly distributed throughout the inner plexiform layer. 3H‐Serotonin‐accumulating cells first appeared in the developing retina at stage 35/36, a time immediately after retinal stratification but before elaboration of either plexiform layer. Electron microscopic analysis permitted an identification of 3H‐serotonin‐accumulating terminals in the inner plexiform layer. Serotonin‐labeled terminals containing conventional contacts, suggestive of amacrine cells, were presynaptic to unidentified processes and postsynaptic to bipolar cells. Labeled terminals containing ribbon contacts, indicative of bipolar cells, were postsynaptic to amacrine cells. The amount of serotonin contained in isolated retinas was 15 pmol/mg protein as measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. We attempted to stimulate the release of accumulated 3H‐serotonin from mature retinas by increasing the K+‐concentration in the bathing medium. Although preloaded glycine is readily released from 14C‐glycine‐accumulating neurons, from the same retinas there was no calcium‐dependent, K+‐stimulated release of 3H‐serotonin. This finding suggests that serotonin and glycine are processed differently by retinal neurons, the consequence of which results in differing responses to 40 mM K+.
A case of lethal soft tissue injuries due to assault

A 42-year-old male had been assaulted by his family over the two previous days and went into a deep coma. When the emergency technician arrived, the patient was in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest. On arrival, his electrocardiogram showed asystole. His body showed swelling with subcutaneous hemorrhage, suggesting multiple contusional wounds. Serum biochemistry evaluation revealed blood urea nitrogen of 80 mg/dL, creatinine of 5.99 mg/dL, creatine phosphokinase of 10,094 IU/L, and potassium of 11.0 mEq/L. Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation failed to obtain a return of spontaneous circulation. Laboratory findings revealed rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and hyperkalemia. Autopsy did not indicate the direct cause of death to be traumatic organ injuries. Because trauma was not the direct reason of death, we speculated that the patient died of hyperkalemia induced by multiple contusional soft tissue injuries, following rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, and acute renal failure. The physician should maintain a high index of suspicion for hyperkalemia induced by rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure, especially in patients presenting with symptoms of multiple soft tissue injuries with massive subcutaneous hemorrhaging.
Selective Loss of Fibrinogen Clotting in a Loop-less Thrombin*

The autolysis loop of thrombin comprises nine residues, from Glu146 to Lys149e, five of which (Ala149a–Lys149e) are inserted relative to trypsin and chymotrypsin. Deletion of the insertion Ala149a–Lys149e causes no significant change in the properties of the enzyme, except for a slight enhancement of protein C activation. Deletion of the entire Glu146–Lys149e loop, however, reduces fibrinogen clotting 240-fold, but decreases protein C activation only 2-fold. This loop-less mutant is de facto an exclusive activator of protein C, having lost the primary procoagulant function of thrombin. Because the autolysis loop affects fibrinogen binding, but not protein C activation, it provides a target for new drugs designed to suppress exclusively the procoagulant activity of thrombin.
Information and Timing in Repeated Bargaining ∗

We study a repeated version of the Myerson-Satterthwaite bilateral bargaining problem with serially correlated types. We show that effi cient, unsubsidized, and individually rational trade is possible if and only if the expected dynamic virtual surplus from the effi cient allocation is positive. Using this condition, we study the effects of discounting, frequency of interaction and persistence of private information on equilibrium outcomes. When types follow stationary Gaussian Markov processes, this yields an anti-folk theorem: Effi cient and inidividually rational trade requires a subsidy equal to the first-best surplus for any degree of mean-reversion and any discount rate. For a “renewal model” we characterize in closed form the condition between the discount rate, frequency of interaction, and persistence needed for the expected virtual surplus to be positive. We also solve for the second-best mechanism in the Gaussian model. Preliminary and incomplete draft prepared for Yale Theory lunch on Oct 11, 2011.
Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to provide guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of androgen deficiency syndromes in adult men. PARTICIPANTS The Task Force was composed of a chair, selected by the Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee of The Endocrine Society, five additional experts, a methodologist, and a professional writer. The Task Force received no corporate funding or remuneration. EVIDENCE The Task Force used systematic reviews of available evidence to inform its key recommendations. The Task Force used consistent language and graphical descriptions of both the strength of recommendation and the quality of evidence, using the recommendations of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation group. CONSENSUS PROCESS Consensus was guided by systematic reviews of evidence and discussions during three group meetings, several conference calls, and e-mail communications. The drafts prepared by the panelists with the help of a professional writer were reviewed successively by The Endocrine Society's Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee, Clinical Affairs Committee, and Council. The version approved by the Council was placed on The Endocrine Society's web site for comments by members. At each stage of review, the Task Force received written comments and incorporated needed changes. CONCLUSIONS We recommend making a diagnosis of androgen deficiency only in men with consistent symptoms and signs and unequivocally low serum testosterone levels. We suggest the measurement of morning total testosterone level by a reliable assay as the initial diagnostic test. We recommend confirmation of the diagnosis by repeating the measurement of morning total testosterone and in some patients by measurement of free or bioavailable testosterone level, using accurate assays. We recommend testosterone therapy for symptomatic men with androgen deficiency, who have low testosterone levels, to induce and maintain secondary sex characteristics and to improve their sexual function, sense of well-being, muscle mass and strength, and bone mineral density. We recommend against starting testosterone therapy in patients with breast or prostate cancer, a palpable prostate nodule or induration or prostate-specific antigen greater than 3 ng/ml without further urological evaluation, erythrocytosis (hematocrit > 50%), hyperviscosity, untreated obstructive sleep apnea, severe lower urinary tract symptoms with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) greater than 19, or class III or IV heart failure. When testosterone therapy is instituted, we suggest aiming at achieving testosterone levels during treatment in the mid-normal range with any of the approved formulations, chosen on the basis of the patient's preference, consideration of pharmacokinetics, treatment burden, and cost. Men receiving testosterone therapy should be monitored using a standardized plan.
Design of direct-drive axial flux permanent magnet in-wheel machine for electric vehicle

Indirect-drive electric vehicle system will improve the overall reliability and efficiency due to elimination of reduction gear and the differential gear. The paper discusses the design of direct-drive axial flux permanent magnet in-wheel machine for electric vehicle in order to achieve a wide speed range operation and low cogging torque. Fractional-slot winding and wedges made from soft magnetic composition material are adopted for increasing the value of the inductance, so as to improve the AFPM flux-weakening capability. Design results as well as simulation results verify the validation of the proposed method.
Role for a somatically diversified lectin in resistance of an invertebrate to parasite infection

Invertebrates lack adaptive immune systems homologous to those of vertebrates, yet it is becoming increasingly clear that they can produce diversified antigen recognition molecules. We have previously noted that the snail Biomphalaria glabrata produces a secreted lectin, fibrinogen-related protein 3 (FREP3), unusual among invertebrate defense molecules because it is somatically diversified by gene conversion and point mutation. Here we implicate FREP3 in playing a central role in resistance to a major group of snail pathogens, digenetic trematodes. FREP3 is up-regulated in three models of resistance of B. glabrata to infection with Schistosoma mansoni or Echinostoma paraensei, and functions as an opsonin favoring phagocytosis by hemocytes. Knock-down of FREP3 in resistant snails using siRNA-mediated interference resulted in increased susceptibility to E. paraensei, providing a direct link between a gastropod immune molecule and resistance to trematodes. FREP3 up-regulation is also associated with heightened responsiveness following priming with attenuated digenetic trematodes (acquired resistance) in this model invertebrate immune system.