Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional mapping of carious enamel in human teeth with Raman microspectroscopy

We employed Raman microspectroscopy to measure the Raman spectra of phosphate in sound and carious tooth substance. The peak intensity at 960 cm−1 of the phosphate (PO43−) symmetric stretching vibrational mode (υ1) in sound enamel was stronger than that of sound dentin, which indicated that sound enamel contained more phosphate than sound dentin. Furthermore, the element analysis of phosphate in sound teeth substance, measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX), gave similar results to those of the Raman measurement. In addition, the border between sound enamel and dentin was clearly demonstrated by mapping the image of the Raman spectrum of phosphate. The mapping image of phosphate in the carious enamel region revealed a heterogeneous low Raman spectrum intensity of phosphate in the area surrounding carious enamel; this finding indicates that phosphate had dissolved from the tooth substance in such areas. In contrast with the decrease in the Raman spectrum intensity of phosphate, the intensity of amide I increased mainly in the low-phosphate area. Although it remains very difficult to clinically identify the accurate border between sound and carious tooth substance, this distinction may be enabled by using the Raman spectrum of carious tooth substance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct observations of the onset of continuous edge instability limiting the pedestal growth between ELMs

Introduction Improvement in global confinement and fusion performance are found to be correlated with the pressure at the top of the edge barrier ("pedestal height") both in experiments and theory. Performance predictions for future devices rely on experimental validations of the hypothesis in the predictive models. To date, the leading model for pedestal structure prediction is EPED [1]. This model uses both the peeling ballooning theory to limit the pedestal height and relies on the onset of the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) to constrain the pedestal gradient. Here, we test the KBM hypothesis during the inter-edge-localizedmode (ELM) phase by investigating the onset of the KBM for providing the necessary transport limiting the pedestal gradient evolution.
AN EXOCELLULAR MANNAN, ALTERNATELY LINKED 1,3-β AND 1,4-β FROM RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS

The yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis, gives an exocellular mannan containing 1,3-β- and 1.4-β-D-mannopyranose residues arranged in a straight chain of at least 90 units. Consecutive 1,3-β links are absent and although consecutive 1,4-β links may exist they are present at most in only a very small proportion. The 1,3-β- and 1,4-β-D-mannopyranose residues are therefore arranged alternately in the chain.Mannans from R. mucilaginosa, R. minuta, and an unidentified Rhodotorula spp. 62-506 appear to have similar structures.
Open-circuit voltage limit caused by recombination through tail states in bulk heterojunction polymer-fullerene solar cells

The output open-circuit voltage of bulk heterojuntion polymer-fullerene solar cells exhibts an offset of Δ≈0.3 V with the difference between the donor highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the acceptor lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), as discussed by Scharber et al. [Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 18, 789 (2006)]. We show that the energetic disorder of the electronic density-of-states (DOS) of acceptor and donor materials reduces the splitting of the electron and hole Fermi levels in bulk heterojunction solar cells, by restricting the accumulation of carriers into the tails of the DOS. A simple model based on the kinetic balance between photogeneration and recombination fluxes provides a lower limit to the energy offset Δ>(σn2+σp2)/kBT in terms of the disorder parameters.
Relationship between Syntax I - Syntax II and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in stable angina pectoris patients

Corresponding author/Sorumlu yazar: Mustafa Çelik Address/Adres: AhiEvran Üniversitesi, Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kervansaray Mah. 2019. Sok. No: 1, Posta kodu: 40100, Kırşehir, Türkiye E-mail: muscelik50@gmail.com � Ethics Committee Approval: The study protocol was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Medical Faculty. Ethical Committee Decision No: 2018-22/180, Approval Date: 27-11-2018. All procedures in this study involving human participants were performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Etik Kurul Onayı: Çalışma protokolü Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi kurumsal Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylandı. Etik Kurul Karar No: 2018-22/180, Onay Tarihi. 27-11-2018. İnsan katılımcıların katıldığı çalışmalardaki tüm prosedürler, 1964 Helsinki Deklarasyonu ve daha sonra yapılan değişiklikler uyarınca gerçekleştirilmiştir. � Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Çıkar Çatışması: Yazarlar çıkar çatışması bildirmemişlerdir. � Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support. Finansal Destek: Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadıklarını beyan etmişlerdir. � Published: 9/27/2020 Yayın Tarihi: 27.09. 2020
Silica Gel Supported Ferric Nitrate: A Convenient Oxidizing Reagent.

Abstract A silica gel supported ferric nitrate was prepared by co-grinding Fe(NO3)3.9H2O with silica gel in appropriate amounts. The reagent was used in equimolar quantity to oxidize various alcohols to corresponding aldehydes with complete selectivity. Similarly it successfully oxidizes various Hantzsch-type 1,4-dihydropyridines.
MOSQUITO OVICIDAL AND REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF MELOTHRIA MADERASPATANA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

To evaluate the ovicidal and repellent activities of acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol extracts of Melothria maderaspatana against Aedes aegypti. For ovicidal activity, slightly modified method of Su and Mulla was performed. Ovicidal activity was determined against selected mosquito to various concentrations ranging from 40-240 ppm under laboratory conditions. The hatch rates were assessed 48 h post treatment. The repellent efficacy was determined against selected mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/cm 2 under laboratory conditions. The crude extracts of acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol M. maderaspatana exerted 100% egg mortality (zero hatchability) at 240, 200, 160, 160 and 120 ppm for Ae. Aegypti. Similarly, a higher concentration of 3.0 mg/ cm 2 crude extracts of acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol extracts of M. maderaspatana provided100% protection up to 80, 100, 120, 120 and 140 min against Ae. Aegypti. The present results suggest that the M. maderaspatana methanol leaf extracts provided an excellent potential for controlling selected medically important vector mosquito.
CUTLER-Coastal Urban developmenT through the LEnses of Resiliency

D6.3 describes the optimized models for the analysis of the social impact of municipal policies in CUTLER, including the methodology to filter, analyze and extract relevant information that would reflect the opinions of the society, with regard to policies implemented in waterfront cities. It Deliverable D6.3 CUTLER-770469 Filename: cutler_d6. 3_final. docx Page 3 of 66 describes the implementation of methodologies and algorithms that were proposed in D6.1 to reveal sentiments, opinions, and relevant trends from the available social data sources in CUTLER. D6.3 also presents the updated visualization widgets and interfaces to interact with social data, which will assist end-users in making sense of the data analytics results.
EFEKTIFITAS PENDEKATAN TYPOLOGICAL HIPPOCRATES-GALLENUS DALAM

Abstrak Employee development is needed in achieving the goals of an organization. Employees need space to be able to improve and actualize themselves according to their abilities to be able to be applied to jobs following their fields. In completing various jobs, one factor that has a strong influence is personality. Everyone has different characteristics and personalities. This also applies to millennials. A generation that prioritizes technology in every life activity. The basic human personality that sparked by Hippocrates-Gallenus is very visible in this generation, especially in dealing with various problems in the scope of work. The concept of training and development with a typological approach is very effective in the process of knowledge transfer considering the trainers are required to be part of this generation and understand each personality has a different approach in completing various jobs. Various aspects can motivate millennial workers to be able to further maximize the results of their work, one of which is the need for self-actualization which certainly requires a variety of specific approaches to be able to awaken every potential it has. A leadership style that can accommodate a variety of personalities to create human resources that have high performance without forcing someone to be the same as other individuals will facilitate the achievement of performance expected by an organization or business unit. This research was conducted in the city of Denpasar, where the phenomenon that occurs is that creative and innovative millennial workers have not been able to make full use of the opportunities and potential within themselves in a business unit. This research shows the Typological approach is very effective in developing capabilities and shaping the work ethic of millennial generation through a democratic leadership style.
Using visual enhancement to improve student performance in a first-year computing class:

A review of research on the design of multimedia explanations conducted in our lab at Santa Barbara shows a multimedia effect—in which students learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone—in both book-based and computer-based environments.and a personalization effect—in which students learn more deeply when words are presented in conversational rather than formal style—both in computer-based environments containing spoken words and those using printed words.
Towards Distribution Transparency for Supervised ML With Oblivious Training Functions

Building and productionizing Machine Learning (ML) models is a process of interdependent steps of iterative code updates, including exploratory model design, hyperparameter tuning, ablation experiments, and model training. Industrial-strength ML involves doing this at scale, using many compute resources, and this requires rewriting the training code to account for distribution. The result is that moving from a single host program to a cluster hinders iterative development of the software, as iterative development would require multiple versions of the software to be maintained and kept consistent. In this paper, we introduce the distribution oblivious training function as an abstraction for ML development in Python, whereby developers can reuse the same training function when running a notebook on a laptop or performing scale-out hyper-parameter search and distributed training on clusters. Programs written in our framework look like industry-standard ML programs as we factor out dependencies using best-practice programming idioms (such as functions to generate models and data batches). We believe that our approach takes a step towards unifying single-host and distributed ML development.
A new study on the derivatization of malondialdehyde by anisidine reagent with use of UV-Vis, FT-IR,

18 A new study on the derivatization of malondialdehyde by anisidine reagent with use of UV-Vis, FT-IR, HNMR, CNMR techniques B. Akbari, M.E. Olya*, M. Bahmaei, F. Najafi Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranEnvironmental research Department, Institute for color science and technology, Tehran, Iran Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Supplementary Materials for “Probabilistic Cause-of-disease Assignment using Case-control Diagnostic Tests: A Hierarchical Bayesian Latent Variable Regression Approach”

The Supplementary Materials present the technical details, additional extensive simulation results and supplemental figures referenced in the Main Paper. Section A1 remarks on the assumptions for the control model. Section A2 discusses the choice of hyperparameters. Section A3 provides the posterior algorithm and convergence checks for valid posterior inference. Section A4 describes the simulation settings in the Main Paper and Section A5 shows additional simulation results. Section A6 presents additional results from PERCH study. Section A7 contains Supplemental Figures. Motivated by the data application in PERCH study, we will use some existing terminologies (Wu and others, 2016) for two sources of imperfect diagnostic tests of the pathogen causes (those infecting the lung): (a) case-control tests: NP PCR results that are not perfectly sensitive or specific, referred to as “bronze-standard” (BrS) data; and (b) case-only tests: blood culture (BCX) results for a subset of pathogens that are perfectly specific but lack sensitivity, referred to as “silver-standard” (SS) data.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Different Clinical Specimens: Survey Article

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A.) is a gram-negative, aerobic rod bacterium that mainly grows in soil and watery environments, infrequently being a part of microflora in healthy individuals. Since P.A. favors the growth in moistened areas, it can colonize in any simple aqueous solution, which in turn raises the risk of contamination and infection in hospital settings. The emergence of drug resistant bacterial species has become increasingly prevalent in many health care facilities worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of these pathogens that had developed resistance to many of the previously effective antibiotics. Hence, it is highly valued to know the resistance pattern of P.A. in every health care facility. That in turn would facilitate more accurate and effective empirical regimens selection when dealing with life threatening infections. The purpose of this study is to review antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa from different clinical specimens based on several studies made in different countries and to discuss the distribution of P. aeruginosa infection and antibiotic resistance according to the gender of the patients and the type of specimen. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google scholar were used during search to find published articles in English language. 15 articles from different countries about antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa were used in this article. Studies done between 2010 and 2020 were chosen. In this study Aminoglycosides (Amikacin), Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Polymyxins (Polymyxin-B and Colistin) were found to be the most effective drugs against P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, the highest resistance rate was against Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Ampicillin, Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Co-Trimoxazole, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Aztreonam. Carbapenems (Meropenem and Imipenem) showed inconsistent results as they were found to be the most effective against P. aeruginosa in some places, while in others; they had the highest resistance rate.
An Industrial Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Chemical Production Scheduling

We discuss the implementation of a deep reinforcement learning based agent to automatically make scheduling decisions for a continuous chemical reactor currently in operation. This model is tasked with scheduling the reactor on a daily basis in the face of uncertain demand and production interruptions. The reinforcement learning model has been trained on a simulator of the scheduling process that was built with historical demand and production data. The model has been successfully implemented to develop schedules on-line for an industrial reactor and has exhibited improvements over human made schedules. We discuss the process of training, implementation, and development of this system and the application of reinforcement learning for complex, stochastic decision making in the chemical industry.
Cloud-Based Data Processing Assignment 1 - High Level System Design

In section 3 and 4 you are asked to apply a typical recipe of high-level system analysis to both systems. After we ask two questions comparing the two systems, this should help you to tease out the alternative design choices taken to solve the different requirements of both systems. In the last two sections, we put the focus on two aspects which strongly influence every cloud-based system design: distributed systems challenges and cost analysis.
Association of β-casein gene polymorphism with milk composition traits of Egyptian Maghrebi camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Abstract The objectives of this study were to detect the polymorphism of 2126A/G SNP in the β-casein (CSN2) gene among Egyptian Maghrebi camels and to investigate the association of 2126A/G SNP genotypes, parity, lactation stage, and temperature–humidity index (THI) with the milk composition traits of Maghrebi camels. Sixty-eight hair samples were collected from three different populations of Maghrebi camels for DNA extraction. Fat, protein, total solids, solids-not-fat, and lactose percentages were determined in Maghrebi camel milk using an automatic milk analyzer device. Three different genotypes – A/A, A/G, and G/G – were identified in the 5′ flanking region of β-casein gene by using PCR-RFLP method with the A/G genotype showing the highest frequency. Association among these three genotypes with milk composition traits suggests a positive effect of A/A genotype on acidity and protein percentage. Higher protein and acidity values were observed in the milk of individuals carrying the A/A genotype. The protein percentage of this study significantly increased from the first till the fourth parity and then decreased. Fat and total solid percentages were significantly higher in the late stage of lactation, while lactose showed a decreasing trend from the early till the late stages of lactation. Fat and protein percentages were highest in the low THI class. Our results encourage the utilization of Maghrebi camel milk for cheese and butter processing at the late lactation stages of the middle parities of their productive life. Moreover, the A/G SNP of the CSN2 gene may be used as a DNA marker in selection programs for the improvement of camel milk composition. Further studies are needed in order to fully explore the variation in the chemical composition of camel milk due to the effect of CSN2 gene, parity, lactation stage, and THI factors.
Antioxidant content and antioxidant activity in raisins from seedless hybrid vine varieties with coloured grape juice

A study has been conducted on the antioxidant content and antioxidant activity in raisins from seedless hybrid varieties of vines with coloured grape juice. It has been found that the amounts of trans-resveratrol and quercetin as well as their antioxidant activity in raisins from the seedless coloured hybrid forms almost always mathematically exceed the levels of these indicators in the raisins of the Gamay Freaux, Black Corinth and Sangiovese grape varieties. It has been shown that 54% of the change in antioxidant activity is due to changes in the content of trans-resveratrol and 42% of quercetin. The applied mathematical models enable the theoretical study of the chemical composition of raisins of different grape varieties through the analytical forms of the proven relationships between them.
The Relationship Between Social Media Addiction, SelfEsteem, Sensation Seeking and Boredom among College students

Background: In today’s era millennials are caught in the trap of social media addiction which has pervasive effects. The present study would examine the social media addiction among 105 college students, between the age range of 18 to 30 years. Previous studies have highlighted that psychological attributes like Anxiety, Depression, Shyness, Loneliness, and Boredom are strongly associated with people who use social media excessively. Methodology: For the purpose of data collection, the tools used are: Social Media Addiction Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Brief Sensation-seeking Scale and Boredom scale. To verify the hypotheses of the study statistical analysis used were Descriptive Statistics, Correlation and for further analyses regression was carried to see the social media addiction as predictor for the other dependent variables. Results: Results found the significant relationship between social media addiction andn boredom and selfesteem. No significant relationship was found between social media addiction and sensation-seeking. Conclusion: As per the results obtained from the Correlation Hypothesis 1 that is there will be a significant relationship between Social Media Addiction and Self-esteem and Hypothesis 3 that Social media addiction and Boredom were proved and Hypothesis 2 that is, there will be a significant relationship between Social Media Addiction and Sensation Seeking was not proved.
IMPACT OF RISK FACTORS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PREVALENCE OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA ASSEMBLAGES IN KAFRELSHEIKH GOVERNORATE, CAIRO, EGYPT

Although the incidence of Giardia lamblia increased, data regarding its possible associatedrisk factors are scares. The study investigated the genetic diversity of humans G. lamblia positiveisolates in kafrelsheikh Governorate, and the impact of multiple risk factors on prevalence.A total of 300 fecal samples were collected from patients attended Kafrelsheikh Universityover a period of one year. Amplification and RFLP analysis of β-giardin gene were usedto identify the G. lamblia multiple assemblages.The results showed that, PCR amplification showed 63/300 (21%) positive samples, of them,12 assemblages A (19.1%) and 52 assemblages B (80.9%). On univariate analysis, there werestatistical significant correlation among giardiasis and age group, sex, hand-washing, milktype, flatulence, vomiting, and animal contact (p = 0.028, 0.006, 0.005, 0.02, 0.000, 0.002 &0.000, respectively). On Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that children from 2-6 years, adults (< 18 years), females, hand-washing, boiled milk, vomiting, flatulence and animalcontact were independent risk factors for giardiasis (p = 0.01, 0.02, 0.007, 0.05, 0.03,0.000, 0.002 & 0.000, respectively).
Biological control of anthracnose disease on banana var ‘Namwa Mali-Ong’ by Neosartorya species

The anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum musae on banana was controlled by biological control agents. Seven isolates of C. musae were collected from banana growing area in Suphanburi, Nakhonpathom, Ratchaburi and Nonthaburi province, Thailand. Pathogenicity was tested on fresh banana, and proved that isolates CMDC-01 and CMNM-01 were most aggressive isolates. These isolates were molecular phylogeny confirmed species. In vitro test was done by dual culture tecnique, two isolates of pathogen were tested against ten isolates of antagonistic fungi (Neosartorya hiratsukae, N. pseudofischeri, N, aureola, N. spinosa, N. fenneliae, Talaromyces muroii and T. trachyspermus). The result showed the best antagonistic isolate was N. pseudofischeri EU13 which inhibited C. musae CMDC-01 of 51.23% and N. fenneliae CHA03-A11 inhibited C. musae CMNM-01 of 59.85%.