Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efekt ogłoszeń wyników finansowych spółek giełdowych: studium zdarzeń

Obecnie duża liczba badań w dziedzinie finansów jest poświęcona wpływowi nowych informacji na ceny akcji. Tego rodzaju prace najczęściej wykorzystują metodologię event study (studium zdarzeń). Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy wpływu ogłoszeń kwartalnych wyników finansowych dużych amerykańskich przedsiębiorstw na kształtowanie się cen ich akcji w okresie od stycznia 1999 r. do lutego 2002 r. Przy użyciu standaryzowanego testu przekrojowego t-Studenta zbadano, a następnie odrzucono hipotezę zerową, że średnie anormalne stopy zwrotu wynoszą zero, co potwierdziło obecność średniej formy efektywności rynku.
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by Autogenous Block Graft A- Case Report

Tooth morbidity and tooth mortality are one of the most prevalent disease condition worldwide. When a tooth is lost, whether through dental decay, periodontal disease or dental trauma, the alveolar process begins to remodel. Continuous bone remodeling, absence of stimulation, loss of bone height, and density leads to an increase in antral pneumatization , leading to reduction in residual vertical bone height thus making standard implant placement difficult. To adapt, circumvent, and treat this limitation; maxillary sinus floor elevation is often done and has become an important preplacement procedure in dental implant treatment planning. In this article, we present a unique case of maxillary sinus augmentation of right posterior maxilla using a combination of autogenous chin block graft, and allograft with simultaneous placement of endosseous implants.
‘Precarious Upgrading’ in Electronics Global Production Networks in Central and Eastern Europe: The Cases of Hungary and Romania

Abstract The electronics manufacturing sector has played a prominent role in export-oriented development strategies, as participation in this high-tech industry promises access to new technology, high skilled jobs and a fast-growing market. Against this background, many governments in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have sought to attract investment in this sector, where foreign firms became the key actors in reshaping after 1989 and where integrating into global production networks (GPNs) was widely embraced as a means to modernize and upgrade local industries. We assess to what extent the potential benefits arising from integrating into electronics GPNs have materialized in Hungary, an established player and the most important electronics exporting country in the region, and Romania, a newcomer country in electronics manufacturing. To analyse these questions, we look at the organizational and geographical configuration of the electronics sector and examine the impact integration into these networks has had on local firms and workers and to what extent this integration has led to economic and social upgrading. With regard to economic upgrading processes, we suggest that the upgrading concept needs to pay more attention to the ‘reach’ of economic upgrading. This is particularly important when integration into GPNs takes place via foreign direct investment (FDI), where economic upgrading processes may be focused on transnational corporations (TNCs) with limited spillovers to local firms. The social upgrading trajectory is influenced importantly by global industry dynamics, for example high flexibility pressures and the tiered nature of the workforce in electronics GPNs, and countries' specific institutional and regulatory contexts.
Personal Text Summarization in Mobile Device

This paper presents a hybrid text summarization for mobile device to summarize a selected text. The system can be proceeds by statistic or heuristic methods. With the statistic and heuristic the summary is found based on combined statistic features and heuristic features like word frequency, position, length of sentences, and similarity with the document title. The results shows that the time with proposed system is less than without it during the retrieving the text with selected keywords.
Selective Navigating and Unclogging Motions of an Intravascular Helical Magnetic Millirobot Actuated by External Biaxial Rotating Magnetic Fields

Intravascular helical magnetic millirobots (IHMMs) capable of navigating in and unclogging human blood vessels have been widely investigated as a possible means for the treatment of occlusive vascular diseases. However, conventional IHMMs are based on a bodily helical motion whereby the overall structure of the IHMM rotates at the same time, making it impossible to separate the navigating and unclogging motions. Herein, we propose a novel IHMM composed of a helical body and a drilling rotary tip whose rotating axes are perpendicular to each other. We have also derived an external biaxial rotating magnetic field (EBRMF), composed of two orthogonally rotating magnetic fields, that is suitable for independent or simultaneous manipulation of the helical navigating and rotary-tip drilling (unclogging) motions of the proposed IHMM. This enables safe and precise use of the IHMM for treatment of occlusive vascular diseases, including the generation of fast rotary-tip drilling motion combined with relatively slow helical navigating motion toward a clogged point. This kind of motion reduces the risk of damaging the blood vessel walls. We conducted various experiments demonstrating the EBRMF and controlled motions of the IHMM to show the efficacy of the proposed structure and method.
Nutritional status of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the nutritional status and certain anthropometric characteristics in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 200 children (ages eight to 11), half with ADHD and the other half healthy, participated in the study. A three-day food consumption record was taken and evaluated based on energy and macro-micro nutrient requirements. Weight, height, waist, hip, mid-upper arm circumferences and hand grip strength were measured. Findings – Energy, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrate, niacin and zinc intakes were found significantly lower than healthy controls for female participants and all nutrient intakes were found significantly lower than healthy controls for male participants (p 0.05). Research limitations/implications – The study sample size was too small to make.
Judgment of riskiness: Impact of personality, naive theories and heuristic thinking among female students

Three different studies were conducted to examine the impact of heuristic reasoning in the perception of health-related events: lifetime risk of breast cancer (Study 1, n = 468), subjective life expectancy (Study 2, n = 449), and subjective age of onset of menopause (Study 3, n = 448). In each study, three experimental conditions were set up: control, anchoring heuristic and availability heuristic. Analyses of Covariance controlling for optimism, depressive mood, Locus of Control, hypochondriac tendencies and subjective health, indicated significant effect of experimental conditions on perceived breast-cancer risk (p = 0.000), subjective life expectancy (p = 0.000) and subjective onset of menopause (p = 0.000). Indeed, all findings revealed that availability and anchoring heuristics were being used to estimate personal health-related events. The results revealed that some covariates, hypochondriac tendencies in Study 1, optimism, depressive mood and subjective health in Study 2 and internal locus of control in Study 3 had significant impact on judgment of riskiness.
Financial Policies between Chaebol and Non-Chaebol Firms

In this research, we investigate whether chaebol affiliations have a different financial policy compared with non-chaebol firms, in debt level, cash-holding level, and investment decision policy. Our results indicate that 8 variables out of 10 show significant differences in terms of the directions and magnitudes of the coefficients of independent variables between chaebol and non-chaebol firms for debt level policy. For the cash-holding policy, 3 variables show differences; and for investment policy, only 1 variable shows a significant difference between chaebol and non-chaebol firms. In this paper, we use regression models and the T-test to confirm the existence of differences in financial polices, mainly between chaebol and non-chaebol firms. When comparing the coefficients from two different regression estimators, by using the T-test, we find more compelling evidence that chaebol and non-chaebol firms have different financial policies than prior research. This is because, by using the T-test, we can obtain more solid evidence of whether firms’ financial policies are influenced by firms’ chaebol group membership; and by using this method, we often find inconsistent results with previous research. We believe that a lot of previous research should be revised using our method, as our T-test often disagrees with the results found by previous research that only use simple regression estimators.
Fair Values: A Framework For Teaching The Standards On Accounting For Financial Instruments

This paper presents a conceptual framework for an integration of financial reporting objectives and principles related to financial instruments. We believe this integrated approach to be a superior strategy for discussing this diverse and challenging topic. In our experience, the typical piecemeal coverage of individual instruments scattered in financial accounting texts and other literature is not effective in providing students with a critical appreciation of the evolution in financial reporting requirements in this area. Our approach in this paper is to classify financial instruments into groups according to their special characteristics as a basis for understanding their relevant financial reporting attributes. Within this conceptual framework, we then present a synthesis of reporting objectives and existing FASB pronouncements on financial instruments. Using this framework as a roadmap, students should be able to study current and emerging pronouncements in a conceptually organized and integrated fashion.
Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons

Background Cognitive abilities of older persons range from normal, to mild cognitive impairment, to dementia. Few large longitudinal studies have compared the natural history of mild cognitive impairment with similar persons without cognitive impairment. Methods Participants were older Catholic clergy without dementia, 211 with mild cognitive impairment and 587 without cognitive impairment, who underwent annual clinical evaluation for AD and an assessment of different cognitive abilities. Cognitive performance tests were summarized to yield a composite measure of global cognitive function and separate summary measures of episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability. The authors compared the risk of death, risk of incident AD, and rates of change in global cognition and different cognitive domains among persons with mild cognitive impairment to those without cognitive impairment. All models controlled for age, sex, and education. Results On average, persons with mild cognitive impairment had significantly lower scores at baseline in all cognitive domains. Over an average of 4.5 years of follow-up, 30% of persons with mild cognitive impairment died, a rate 1.7 times higher than those without cognitive impairment (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.5). In addition, 64 (34%) persons with mild cognitive impairment developed AD, a rate 3.1 times higher than those without cognitive impairment (95% CI, 2.1 to 4.5). Finally, persons with mild cognitive impairment declined significantly faster on measures of episodic memory, semantic memory, and perceptual speed, but not on measures of working memory or visuospatial ability, as compared with persons without cognitive impairment. Conclusions Mild cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of death and incident AD, and a greater rate of decline in selected cognitive abilities.
SATISFACTION AS A PREDICTOR FOR LOYALTY PROGRAMS IN TANZANIA

The model proposed in this study reflects how tourists evolve from expectation and motivation into satisfaction and loyalty. Specifically, it proposes that satisfaction depends on expectations and travel motivations, and these influence loyalty. Expectation and motivation effects towards satisfaction were tested under two conditions or models, when satisfaction not entering a model as a predictor of loyalty and when satisfaction enters a model as a predictor of loyalty. This study employed convenience sampling to attractions and accommodation facilities located in Kilimanjaro and Arusha region. The questionnaire was self-administered. The analysis included a sample of 504 responses. Overall, expectations and motivations had effects on satisfaction in both models. However, the strength of their effects varied for different types of expectations and motivations in which some indicated strong effects and others least and no effects at all. Finally, it was found that satisfaction had a strong effect on loyalty across model 2 that is with satisfaction as a predictor of loyalty. The findings offer specific strategic recommendations and propose logics for establishment of loyalty programs, which is a long-term strategy for tourism business success.
[The cholinergic deficiency syndrome in patients with depressed consciousness after severe brain injury].

AIM To determine the clinical and electrophysiological (EEG) signs of cholinergic deficiency in the process of recovery of consciousness in patients with severe brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven people (24 men and 13 women, mean age 32±14 years) were studied. A comprehensive study included assessment of neurological status, mental activity, and EEG. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A set of neurological symptoms, including reduced muscle tone, autonomic disorders (dry mucous membranes and skin, tachycardia, hypotension, gastrointestinal tract), eye movement disorders, that were,in accordance with the literature, characteristicof the cholinergic deficiency syndrome was found. This syndrome was detected against the background of a comatose state, akinetic mutism and mutism with understanding of speech, disintegration of speech, disorientation and amnestic decline. EEG revealed stable over time (months) characteristic changes: slowing and asymmetric alpha activity, equivalent dipole sources of hippocampal and stem localization, persistent strengthening of intra-hemispheric coherent connections, especially on the left side. The regression of the cholinergic deficiency syndrome was accompanied by an increase of regularity, capacity and frequency of alpha-activity (from 7-8 to 9-10 Hz), prevalence of equivalent dipole sources in the hippocampus with their appearance in the occipital cortex, normalization of connections with right-brain coherence with the preservation of their pathologically high values on the left side.
Fiat without Authority in Firms (and Markets)

It is often asserted that administrative control and fiat are key features of firms. Nevertheless, many inter-firm relations, from supply networks to franchising, seem equally hierarchical. To reconcile these perspectives, I develop a model where contractors are subject to the same formal obligations as employees, but, owning local assets, they care more about profits, and they are less averse to effort. I show that fiat, in the form of relational contracts where the agent obeys the principal in equilibrium, occurs both when the agent is an employee and when she is a contractor. However, the principal can give more orders to an employee (contractor) when decisions sufficiently above (close to) the level that maximizes local profits are optimal—for instance, because there are strong positive externalities from the agent to the principal, or the principal can monitor the agent cheaply. This also implies that, consistent with numerous empirical works, integration should be more frequently observed when externalities are large and monitoring costs are small.
ABSENCE OF RIBOSOMAL RNA SYNTHESIS IN THE ANUCLEOLATE MUTANT OF XENOPUS LAEVIS.

1852リ ボゾー ムRNA合 成の欠除 Absence of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in the Anucleolate Mutant of Xenopus laevis D.D. Brown, J. B' Gurdon : Dept. of Embryol. , Carnegie Inst. of Wash. , Baltimore and Dept. of Zool. , Oxford. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S., 51, 139-46(1964) 正常 な仁 の形成 を行 なえないXenopuslaevis(ヒ キ ガエルの1種)の 変異種 を得た。 この変異種 では28S お よび18Sの リボゾームRNAと 高分子 の リボゾーム RNA前 駆体 の生成 が認 め られな い こと,DNA,4Sの RNA成 分,不 均一な短時間 に標識 され るRNA成 分 の合成 は行 なわれ る ことを,幼 生 に14CO2を20時 間ま た は2時 間与 えたのち核酸 を抽 出,シ ョ糖密度勾配沈 降分析 にかけ て示 した。 一般 に28Sと18Sの リボ ゾー ムRNAは 塩基組 成が異なるが,こ の ような変 異種 の 存在 か ら考えてそれ らの合成の調節 は共通に行 なわれ るら しい。 (水 野) 1853フ ィチ ン酸Naの 投与 と放射性Srの 排泄について 五島孜郎,関 博麿,速 水 泱*: 都立衛生研究所,*国 立栄養研究所. 栄養 と食糧,16,(6)522~24(1964) ネズ ミに90Srを 注射 し対照群お よび フ ィチン 酸Na の投与群についてCaの 出納,90Srの 排泄,大 腿骨 の 90Sr量 を測定 した 。 Ca出 納,骨 中 のCaお よび90Sr 量,90Sr排 泄 ともに両群に おい て差がなか った。 この よ うに差がみ られないのは,飼 料中にCaが 適 当量 は いっていた こ とに よるのであろ う。 したがっ て,Ca
Evaluating the budgetary reliability of design stage elemental cost plan in building procurement: a New Zealand study

Accurate prediction of final tender sums (contract sums) of building projects depends on reliable projections of baseline cost plans developed at the design development stage. However, no matter how much care and effort is put into the preparation of design stage elemental cost plans, deviations are usually observed between these cost plans and the final tender sum. This makes accurate predictions challenging for construction practitioners in New Zealand. The major attributable factors for the observed variability are inherent risks in the design stage elemental cost plan development. Whilst this is recognised, this study evaluates the reliability of elemental cost plans in traditional building procurement. The study seeks to answer the question: is elemental cost plan a reliable budgetary tool for construction projects? The study was undertaken based on 20 completed building projects from which secondary data were collected within the New Zealand construction industry. Data analysis was carried out using document analysis and percentage deviation of final tender sums from the cost plans. Further analyses were carried out using root mean square and relative mean absolute deviation methods of analyses. The results showed that the budgetary reliability of elemental cost plans varied depending on project types. Whilst a deviation of -3.67% and +3.95% was obtained on the residential projects analysed, the deviation on educational projects was between -3.98% and +12.15%. Commercial projects attracted -14.22% and +16.33% while in the case of refurbishment projects, a deviation of -10.07% and +30.14% was obtained. These findings suggest that the larger or more complex a project is, the less reliable it is to use elemental cost plans to guarantee cost certainty.
Toxin Genes and Other Characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureus Isolates from Milk of Cows with Mastitis

ABSTRACT In the present study, 103 Staphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from milk samples from 60 cows with mastitis from eight different farms in seven different locations in one region of Germany were compared pheno- and genotypically and by identification of various toxins. On the basis of culture and hemolytic properties and by determination of the tube coagulase reaction, all of the isolates could be identified as S. aureus. This could be confirmed by PCR amplification of species-specific parts of the gene encoding the 23S rRNA. In addition, all of the S. aureus isolates harbored the genes encoding staphylococcal coagulase and clumping factor and the genes encoding the X region and the immunoglobulin G binding region of protein A. These four genes displayed size polymorphisms. By PCR amplification, the genes for the toxins staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEC, SED, SEG, SEI, SEJ, and TSST-1 but not those for SEB, SEE, SEH, and the exfoliative toxins ETA and ETB could be detected. To analyze the epidemiological relationships, the isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by macrorestriction analysis of their chromosomal DNAs. According to the observed gene polymorphisms, the toxin patterns, and the information given by macrorestriction analysis of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, a limited number of clones seemed to be responsible for the cases of bovine mastitis on the various farms.
Neutrophil activation by Candida glabrata but not Candida albicans promotes fungal uptake by monocytes

Candida albicans and Candida glabrata account for the majority of candidiasis cases worldwide. Although both species are in the same genus, they differ in key virulence attributes. Within this work, live cell imaging was used to examine the dynamics of neutrophil activation after confrontation with either C. albicans or C. glabrata. Analyses revealed higher phagocytosis rates of C. albicans than C. glabrata that resulted in stronger PMN (polymorphonuclear cells) activation by C. albicans. Furthermore, we observed differences in the secretion of chemokines, indicating chemotactic differences in PMN signalling towards recruitment of further immune cells upon confrontation with Candida spp. Supernatants from co‐incubations of neutrophils with C. glabrata primarily attracted monocytes and increased the phagocytosis of C. glabrata by monocytes. In contrast, PMN activation by C. albicans resulted in recruitment of more neutrophils. Two complex infection models confirmed distinct targeting of immune cell populations by the two Candida spp. : In a human whole blood infection model, C. glabrata was more effectively taken up by monocytes than C. albicans and histopathological analyses of murine model infections confirmed primarily monocytic infiltrates in C. glabrata kidney infection in contrast to PMN‐dominated infiltrates in C. albicans infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the human opportunistic fungi C. albicans and C. glabrata are differentially recognized by neutrophils and one outcome of this differential recognition is the preferential uptake of C. glabrata by monocytes.
Networks and Networking Activities of Innovative Firms in Incubators

It has been widely argued that networks are critical for innovative firms. In the effort to support the growth of these firms, incubators seem to institutionalize support by having systems in place to encourage networking and help firms develop networks with other tenants and potential business allies. However, there is a lack of critical empirical investigation of the different types of networks developed by firms. This paper addresses this issue by systematically examining how firms in incubators develop their networks and what types of networks they might aim to build. The study is based on a survey with firms located at Daresbury Science and Innovation Centre in the UK. The results suggest that incubators often generalize their network support without considering that firms may develop different networks based on their needs. The results also demonstrate that the characteristics of firms do play a role in determining types of network. Science and engineering firms develop networks that differ from those of service and IT firms due to their need to access resources from other innovative firms in incubators, from the Science and Technology Facilities Council and from universities. Similarly, small firms are forced to establish internal and external networks in an attempt to compensate for their lack of resources. Overall, the findings suggest that academic theory on networks of firms in incubators needs to be more nuanced and that the networking support provided by incubators needs to be customized to the actual needs of the incubating firms.