Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cladistic approach to the phylogeny of the “Bryophytes”

The importance of a cladistic approach in reconstructing the phylogeny of bryophytes is discussed and illustrated by an analysis of the major groups of bryophytes with respect to the tracheophytes and the green algae. The cladistic analysis, using 51 characters taken from the literature, gives the following tentative results: (1) the embryophytes as a whole are monophyletic; (2) the bryophytes (sensu lato) are paraphyletic; (3) the mosses share a more recent common ancestor with the tracheophytes than do the liverworts or hornworts; (4) the hornworts appear to share a more recent common ancestor with the moss-tracheophyte lineage than with the liverworts; however, the existence of several homoplasies makes this placement more problematical; (5) the origin of alternation of generations in the embryophytes, based on out-group comparison with their oogamous, haplontic, algal sister groups, was by progressive elaboration of the primitively epiphytic sporophyte generation; and (6) the presence of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) can best be interpreted as a synapomorphy of the moss-tracheophyte clade, and tracheids (xylem with ornamented walls) as a synapomorphy of the tracheophytes; therefore, the prevailing designation of “vascular plants” for the tracheophytes alone is inaccurate.
Identification of Enterprise Social Network (ESN) Group Archetypes in ESN Analytics: Metrics Selection and Case Application

With the proliferation of Enterprise Social Networks (ESN), the measurement of ESN activity becomes increasingly relevant. The emerging field of ESN analytics aims to develop metrics and models to measure and classify user activity to support organisational goals and outcomes. In this paper we focus on a neglected area of ESN analytics, the classification of activity in ESN groups. We engage in explorative research to identify a set of metrics that divides an ESN group sample into distinct types. We collaborate with Sydney-based service provider SWOOP Analytics who provided access to actual ESN meta data describing activity in 350 groups across three organisations. By employing clustering techniques, we derive a set of four group types: broadcast streams, information forums, communities of practice and project teams. We collect and reflect on feedback from ESN champions in fourteen organisations. For ESN analytics research we contribute a set of metrics and group types. For practice we envision a method that enables group managers to compare aspirations for their groups to embody a certain group type, with actual activity patterns.
An empirical analysis on major league soccer player earnings

Application of economic and statistical techniques to the sports world has been on the rise for some time. The major sports in the United States (football, basketball, baseball, and hockey) have been thoroughly studied. However, professional soccer in the United States has emerged as a strong sports market in the last 20 years. This paper applies a statistical technique used by Lucifora and Simmons (2003) on an Italian professional soccer league to examine determinants of professional soccer player wages and assess the overall value added. The model is applied to Major League Soccer to determine how the different league structure impacts the earnings of its players. Empirical study of MLS has shown that league structure impacts how teams assess a player’s value to their team through their salary, which is shown to be determined by player age and its square, passing metrics, career goal scoring record, designated player status, US men’s national team experience, and whether the player is a foreign-born player. Table of
Interspecific genetic divergence in three pomfret species from the Goa region

Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among Parastromateus niger (Bloch), Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen) and Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen) were investigated by examining the electrophoretic patterns of nine enzymes and sarcoplasmic proteins. Among the 16 loci detected, four were polymorphic in P. niger and seven in P. argenteus. The allele frequencies of 16 loci were estimated to calculate the genetic distances (D). The average D value among the species increased in proportion to the level of taxonomic category. The relationship estimated by genetic markers accorded well with that estimated from anatomical characters. The three species were clearly divided into two distinct groups at a D value of 6·51.
Effective Feedback, An Essential Component of all Stages in Medical Education

Feedback as a teaching-learning strategy has been present in medical education for a few decades. Nonetheless, its application across the globe is considered suboptimal at best. Characteristics, conventions and recommendations for its delivery have been emphasized over the years in the literature available, but new approaches highlight the need to evaluate feedback with a greater focus on the social interaction involved and the actual impact it has on the learning process of students. Modern competency-based medical programs, with its stakeholders, staff members and educators, require a serious commitment towards its proper implementation, through robust frameworks and monitoring systems, designed according to every institution’s particular needs. Preceptors and students need to be properly trained and empowered in this skill, for most effective and successful results in improving learning and performance. This effort is fundamental for trainees to acquire clinical competence according to defined standards, guarantee preparedness to work in unsupervised practice and ensure patient welfare.
Servant-LEACH Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Large Scale Wireless Sensor Network

—In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), an extension of the lifetime of the network is one of the primary concerns of every routing protocol design. A critical study on The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) revealed that the scheme uses a probabilistic approach in selecting cluster heads. This approach allows weak nodes to be chosen as cluster heads (CHs) which cannot transmit the sensed data to the Base station (BS) hence affecting the throughputs of the network. Also single hop communication method was adopted which limits the network coverage and unnecessary data transmission of the heads affecting the lifetime of the network. In this research work, a heterogeneous form of LEACH called Servant– LEACH is proposed. The new protocol modified the election probability of the nodes by considering two factors in selecting the heads. i) The distance between the nodes and the base station and ii) the residual energies of the nodes. The proposed scheme further implemented soft and hard thresholds and servant nodes concept. The simulation results of the new scheme showed that the proposed protocol outperformed Threshold Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (TDEEC) protocol in terms of stability period, throughputs, residual energy and the lifetime of the network
A Trap for the Capture of Fish and Other Organisms Moving Downstream

Abstract In connection with a study of salmon and trout in a Swedish river, a trap was developed which has proved successful in capturing, unharmed, downstream-moving fish and other organisms. It consists of a fine-meshed screen set at a slight angle to the horizontal, on which water falls after passing over a weir. Fish and other solid particles are caught by the screening and washed down the incline into a trap placed below the lower end of the screen. The device is comparatively simple in design and construction, operates efficiently under widely varying amounts of flow, and may be left untended for periods up to 3 weeks in duration.
Faktor Kemenangan Partai Barisan Nasional Malaysia dalam Pemilu Selama 60 Tahun (1957-2018)

This research aims to analyze the National Front Party’s (Barisan Nasional) strategies in carrying out their function as a political party in Malaysia. The problem focused on this paper is the victory factors of the Malaysian National Front Party in the Election for 60 years. To approach this problem, the theoretical framework will be used in this paper from Prof. Miriam Budiardjo’s concept, that the concept of a political party. The concept of political party is a tools and instruments for the people to participate and contribute in managing a country. Data from this paper has collected through secondary data and literature review and analyzed qualitatively. This research concluded that there were several factors that led to the National Front always winning in the election for 60 years, they are: First, the polarization and fragmentation politics in Malaysia, it’s called by Bumiputera policy, income gap and the Chinese Tsunami. Second, the influence of the New Economic Policy (NEP) as an affirmative action effort and there is a mix and match policy. Third, Gerrymandering and delineation in the form of an electoral system that is designed, so that the National Front always wins. Fourth, the instability and weakness of the Pakatan Rakyat as coalition opposition party.
The Primary Moult of Curlew Sandpipers Calidris ferruginea in North-Western Australia Shifts According to Breeding Success

Barshep Y. , Minton C. , Underhill L.G. & Remisiewicz M. 2011. The primary moult of Curlew Sandpipers Calidris ferruginea in North-western Australia shifts according to breeding success. Ardea 99: 43–51. The population moult parameters, yearly onset of moult and sex-specific schedule of moult in relation to breeding success, and pattern of feather mass growth were examined in a population of Curlew Sandpipers Calidris ferruginea that migrate to northwest Australia. The mean start date of moult was 18 September, and it lasted on average 129 days. No significant variation in duration of moult was detected and feather mass was deposited at a constant rate. The yearly onset of moult was positively correlated with the proportion of first year (juvenile) birds: the mean start date of moult in good breeding years was 25 September, ten days later than mean start date of moult in poor breeding years, being 15 September. Males generally started moult five days earlier than females. The mean moult start date of males was five days earlier in poor breeding years compared to good breeding years, while the moult of females was 11 days earlier in poor breeding years compared to good breeding years. In Curlew Sandpipers the timing of post-breeding migration is advanced in bad breeding seasons, which explains the observed correlation between breeding success and the timing of moult in non-breeding areas.
Detecting Scene Obstruction in a Monocular Industrial Computer Vision Based Measuring System

—Computer vision techniques are used to detect obstruction in the scene of interest of an industrial computer vision based measuring system. The implemented detection algorithm is applied to a computer vision based, submerged arc-furnace, electrode lateral movement measurement system. The electrode measurement system identiﬁes the region of interest on the electrode, extracts the strong SURF features in the region, and matches the features to the next camera frame. The scene obstruction algorithm is based on comparing the ratio of correct feature matches between the frames to the statistical average. This paper introduces the algorithm, explains the experimental setup, and discusses the results obtained thereof.
A portfolio effect of shrub canopy height on species richness in both stressful and competitive environments

Summary Facilitating effects of benefactor plants on plant species richness have been commonly tested in stressful habitats because competitive effects are assumed to predominate in more productive habitats. Here, we examine this assumption by testing whether benefactor plants can nonetheless be facilitating in competitive environments. We provide a conceptual framework describing how a trait of benefactor plants, canopy height of shrubs, can have a portfolio of facilitative effects on species richness in more competitive environments, and we provide an empirical assessment of this portfolio effect in tundra plant communities. Across tundra plant communities representing an extensive gradient in aboveground live biomass ranging from 11 to above 800 grams per m2, we found that species richness exhibited a humped-back relationship. Increasing canopy height of shrubs to a maximum height of what defines the dwarf shrub tundra, that is 40 cm, consistently and significantly increased species richness along the entire biomass gradient tested. The positive effect of shrub canopy height was not confounded with herbivore intensity, competitive interference or abiotic factors such as bedrock-weathered mineral availability, moisture availability or temperature. However, we cannot rule out that the general presence of large mammalian herbivory may have been central to the positive effect of shrub canopy height in reducing herbivore impacts on species richness. In this study, conceptual and empirical evidence support that increasing canopy height of shrubs facilitates species richness regardless of relative abiotic stress levels within tundra ecosystems. We propose that positive interactions can play an important ecological role in systems where competitive effects are observed or assumed. For tundra plant communities where climate change is currently causing encroachment of shrub species, the effects of increasing canopy height may have unprecedented effects on plant species richness.
Disseminated Gestational Trophoblastic Disease and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Late-stage gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) bears poor prognosis including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure, and death. There are currently no reports of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy for respiratory failure due to disseminated GTD in post-partum patients. We present a case of newly diagnosed disseminated GTD progressing to ARDS secondary to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) for which veno-venous ECMO was successfully implemented. ECMO is an accepted modality for ARDS refractory to medical therapy. Controversy persists regarding post-partum patient selection as contraindications to ECMO include known poor prognosis. Our case herein suggests that ECMO is an acceptable treatment modality for patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to disseminated GTD. The indications and contraindications for ECMO warrant further discussion and research for post-partum patients.
Exploration of Antifungal Potential of Azadirachta Indica against Microsporum Gypseum

Throughout ancient times, human civilizations have greatly exploited plants which have directly or indirectly served the humanity for diagnosis and treatment of various ailments. Herbal drugs have the provision to endanger multifarious range of phytochemical and biochemical compounds which can be acclimated for the performance of diverse biological functions. Many of these phytoconstituents and herbal products have salutary effects on longterm health when consumed by the human and can be efficaciously used to treat various human ailments. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the antifungal potential of various extracts of dried powder of leaves of Azadirachta indica by means of paper disc diffusion method, with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous solvents in 25 μml, 50 μml and 100 μml concentrations against Microsporum gypseum. Clotrimazole was used as a standard. The findings from the research revealed that Azadirachta indica is a potent antifungal agent against Microsporum gypseum. The ethanol extract of fenugreek using 100 μml concentrations depicted the highest zone of inhibition of 20.520+ 0.84 mm and 47.720% of mycelial inhibition against a tested pathogen. While drug extracts in other solvents also revealed reasonable to least antifungal potential. This finding tells us that Azadirachta indica extracts tested proved to be a potent antifungal agent against Microsporum gypseum. It was found that ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica is best effective against tested strain. This exploration of Azadirachta indica extracts has confirmed its importance, particularly in the area of influence on dermatophytic fungal strain.
Agent-based Testing: An Automated Approach toward Artificial Reactions to Human Behavior

ABSTRACT Vast amounts of news are consumed through algorithmically curated media environments, such as search engines, social networking sites, or news aggregators. This renders algorithmic content curation with much societal relevance and highlights the urgent need for independent and resilient academic research. Therefore, a plethora of methodological approaches have been applied, such as case studies, expert interviews, observations, or agent-based approaches. The paper discusses the applicability of these methodological efforts for journalism studies, showing that all of these approaches face their limitations, especially with regard to external validity, recruitment difficulties, and data reliability. Thereby, agent-based testing represents one of the most promising approaches to overcome plenty of these methodological limitations. Agent-based testing is a systematic and experimental approach that emulates online human behavior to test algorithmically curated media environments under various conditions. For this to be achieved properly, this paper suggests a multitude of settings and requirements to adequately face the technological, legal, and ethical challenges, which come with the empirical investigation of algorithmic content curation. Ultimately, the paper presents both general considerations and practical instructions (using the “ScrapeBot”) to employ agent-based testing for journalism studies.
THE MEDIATOR OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY

Peritoneal exudates induced in rats infected with Listeria monocytogenes contain sensitized lymphocytes which can protect normal recipients against a Listeria challenge. The protective cells arise in lymphoid tissue remote from the peritoneal cavity. Those formed in the caudal lymph nodes of subcutaneously infected rats are delivered to the thoracic duct and hence to the blood from where they are drawn into exudates. Immunoblasts are the most immature members of this protective cell population and they alone among the cells in central lymph localize in exudates induced by killed bacteria. They do so in substantial numbers, but only during the early postinduction period. The "homing" of immunoblasts to inflammatory foci seems to be determined by a general property of the cells rather than their immunological commitment; however, the intense inflammation induced by organisms to which an animal has been specifically sensitized is accompanied by an exuberant influx of immunoblasts into lesions. Sensitized lymphocytes that extravasate in the inflamed peritoneal may generate more of their own kind, but some give rise to small lymphocytes. The latter also have protective properties and, with time, comprise an increasing portion of the protective cell population. The results imply that the tissue disposition of sensitized lymphocytes in the body is determined by a complementary relationship between blood-borne immunoblasts and vascular endothelium in inflamed tissue. The results also provide a plausible explanation for the concentration of sensitized lymphocytes at sites of microbial implantation where they alone would be expected to collaborate with monocyte-derived macrophages in the control of infection.
RINKOS SENTIMENTŲ PROGNOZAVIMAS NAUDOJANT DIRBTINĮ INTELEKTĄ

Kiekvienas investuotojas susiduria su efektyvių investicinių sprendimų priėmimo problema. Yra daug metodų, kuriais stengiamasi isanalizuoti finansų rinkoje vykstancių pokycių priežastis bei remiantis tokia informacija numatyti ateities tendencijas. Vienas is būdų yra investuotojų sentimentų prognozavimas. Sio straipsnio tyrimo tikslas yra atlikti skirtingų investuotojų sentimentų prognozavimą ir įvertinti prognozavimui naudojamo modelio patikimumą, t. y. siekiama atrasti patikimą sentimentų prognozavimo algoritmą. Tyrimui naudojamas dirbtinio intelekto giliojo mokymosi ilgos trumpalaikės atminties (LSTM) tinklų algoritmas bei grafinis gautų rezultatų vaizdavimas. Atlikus tyrimą buvo pastebėta, kad kiekvienu sentimentų prognozavimo atveju gauta paklaida (RMSE) buvo labai maža, o tai reiskia, kad prognozavimui naudojamas algoritmas yra labai patikimas. Sentimentų prognozavimas kartu su racionaliais prognozavimo metodais gali papildyti prekybos strategiją ar paramos sistemą investuotojui. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020. 031
Genetic control of meiotic chromosome pairing in tetraploid Agropyron elongatum. I. Pattern of pairing in natural and induced tetraploids and in F1 triploid hybrids

Meiotic chromosome pairing was studied in natural and induced tetraploid Agropyron elongatum, as well as in triploid hybrids between natural tetraploid and diploid cytotypes. The natural tetraploids showed a highly regular, diploid-like pairing, while the induced ones showed an average of two to three multivalents per cell. A high level of pairing was exhibited by the triploid hybrids, 4.15 bivalents and 2.82 trivalents per cell, supporting the assumption that the natural tetraploid is of an autoploid origin. Frequencies of meiotic configurations of the induced tetraploid and of the F1 triploid hybrids deviated significantly from the expected values based on a model assuming random pairing within one homologous group in autoploids: the observed data were characterized by fewer multivalents than expected, indicating a tendency towards bivalentization. This tendency is fully realized in the natural tetraploid. The presence of a pairing-control system in these autoploids, most probably a genetic one, that de.
Do they (know they) need a service designer? An investigation of service design capabilities through the lens of the market.

Freshly graduated service designers are often struggling to align with the expectations that companies have when they are looking for a service designer. The understanding of what service design is, which capabilities a service designer has and how these capabilities can create value for the company can be very different, making it difficult for the inexperienced job seeker to even find the right job offer. In this paper, we investigate if there is a more general misalignment between academia and the market in the definition of service design capabilities, by analysing a consistent pool of job offers in the area of service design.
Digital skills in middle and university students. Homogeneous or heterogeneous?

Today's work world demands a set of competencies that are key and highly valued, among them, digital skills. Within this framework, the paper presents data about the digital skills of current students. A total of 454 students from different university degrees (engineering, economics and humanities) and from a secondary school participated in the research. They responded to a questionnaire on ICT uses and self-perceptions of their digital competencies for the performance of activities that require the use of technology. The results show different levels of mastery (high, medium and low) with respect to 18 activities consulted. In the same way, 10 of the 18 activities showed differences when groups where compared. Engineering students generally reported greater mastery. Discussion revolves around highlighting the importance of generating, from academic contexts, opportunities for the development of different digital skills.