Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Structured DNN Weight Pruning—Is It Beneficial in Any Platform?

Large deep neural network (DNN) models pose the key challenge to energy efficiency due to the significantly higher energy consumption of off-chip DRAM accesses than arithmetic or SRAM operations. It motivates the intensive research on model compression with two main approaches. Weight pruning leverages the redundancy in the number of weights and can be performed in a non-structured, which has higher flexibility and pruning rate but incurs index accesses due to irregular weights, or structured manner, which preserves the full matrix structure with a lower pruning rate. Weight quantization leverages the redundancy in the number of bits in weights. Compared to pruning, quantization is much more hardware-friendly and has become a “must-do” step for FPGA and ASIC implementations. Thus, any evaluation of the effectiveness of pruning should be on top of quantization. The key open question is, with quantization, what kind of pruning (non-structured versus structured) is most beneficial? This question is fundamental because the answer will determine the design aspects that we should really focus on to avoid the diminishing return of certain optimizations. This article provides a definitive answer to the question for the first time. First, we build ADMM-NN-S by extending and enhancing ADMM-NN, a recently proposed joint weight pruning and quantization framework, with the algorithmic supports for structured pruning, dynamic ADMM regulation, and masked mapping and retraining. Second, we develop a methodology for fair and fundamental comparison of non-structured and structured pruning in terms of both storage and computation efficiency. Our results show that ADMM-NN-S consistently outperforms the prior art: 1) it achieves $348\times $ , $36\times $ , and $8\times $ overall weight pruning on LeNet-5, AlexNet, and ResNet-50, respectively, with (almost) zero accuracy loss and 2) we demonstrate the first fully binarized (for all layers) DNNs can be lossless in accuracy in many cases. These results provide a strong baseline and credibility of our study. Based on the proposed comparison framework, with the same accuracy and quantization, the results show that non-structured pruning is not competitive in terms of both storage and computation efficiency. Thus, we conclude that structured pruning has a greater potential compared to non-structured pruning. We encourage the community to focus on studying the DNN inference acceleration with structured sparsity.
SPACE: Unsupervised Object-Oriented Scene Representation via Spatial Attention and Decomposition

The ability to decompose complex multi-object scenes into meaningful abstractions like objects is fundamental to achieve higher-level cognition. Previous approaches for unsupervised object-oriented scene representation learning are either based on spatial-attention or scene-mixture approaches and limited in scalability which is a main obstacle towards modeling real-world scenes. In this paper, we propose a generative latent variable model, called SPACE, that provides a unified probabilistic modeling framework that combines the best of spatial-attention and scene-mixture approaches. SPACE can explicitly provide factorized object representations for foreground objects while also decomposing background segments of complex morphology. Previous models are good at either of these, but not both. SPACE also resolves the scalability problems of previous methods by incorporating parallel spatial-attention and thus is applicable to scenes with a large number of objects without performance degradations. We show through experiments on Atari and 3D-Rooms that SPACE achieves the above properties consistently in comparison to SPAIR, IODINE, and GENESIS. Results of our experiments can be found on our project website: this https URL
A Prevention and a Traction System for Ransomware Attacks

Over the past three years, especially following WannaCry malware, ransomware has become one of the biggest concerns for private businesses, state, and local government agencies. According to Homeland Security statistics, 1.5 million ransomware attacks have occurred per year since 2016. Cybercriminals often use creative methods to inject their malware into the target machines and use sophisticated cryptographic techniques to hold hostage victims' files and programs unless a certain amount of equivalent Bitcoin is paid. The return to the cybercriminals is so high (estimated $1 billion in 2019) without any cost because of the advanced anonymity provided by cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin. Given this context, this study first discusses the current state of ransomware, detection, and prevention systems. Second, we propose a global ransomware center to better manage our concerted efforts against cybercriminals. The policy implications of the proposed study are discussed in the conclusion section.
Natural Steganography in JPEG Domain With a Linear Development Pipeline

In order to achieve high practical security, Natural Steganography (NS) uses cover images captured at ISO sensitivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ISO_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and generates stego images mimicking ISO sensitivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ISO_{2}>ISO_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This is achieved by adding a stego signal to the cover that mimics the sensor photonic noise. This paper proposes an embedding mechanism to perform NS in the JPEG domain after linear developments by explicitly computing the correlations between DCT coefficients before quantization. In order to compute the covariance matrix of the photonic noise in the DCT domain, we first develop the matrix representation of demosaicking, luminance averaging, pixel section, and 2D-DCT. A detailed analysis of the resulting covariance matrix is done in order to explain the origins of the correlations between the coefficients of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> DCT blocks. An embedding scheme is then presented that takes into account all the correlations. It employs 4 sub-lattices and 64 lattices per sub-lattices. The modification probabilities of each DCT coefficient are then derived by computing conditional probabilities computed from a multivariate Gaussian distribution using the Cholesky decomposition of the covariance matrix. This derivation is also used to compute the embedding capacity of each image. Using a specific database called <italic>E1Base</italic>, we show that in the JPEG domain NS (J-Cov-NS) enables to achieve high capacity (more than 2 bits per non-zero AC DCT) and with high practical security (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\mathrm {E}}\simeq 40\%$ </tex-math></inline-formula> using DCTR and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\mathrm {E}}\simeq 32\%$ </tex-math></inline-formula> using SRNet) from QF 75 to QF 100).
Contextual Constrained Learning for Dose-Finding Clinical Trials

Clinical trials in the medical domain are constrained by budgets. The number of patients that can be recruited is therefore limited. When a patient population is heterogeneous, this creates difficulties in learning subgroup specific responses to a particular drug and especially for a variety of dosages. In addition, patient recruitment can be difficult by the fact that clinical trials do not aim to provide a benefit to any given patient in the trial. In this paper, we propose C3T-Budget, a contextual constrained clinical trial algorithm for dose-finding under both budget and safety constraints. The algorithm aims to maximize drug efficacy within the clinical trial while also learning about the drug being tested. C3T-Budget recruits patients with consideration of the remaining budget, the remaining time, and the characteristics of each group, such as the population distribution, estimated expected efficacy, and estimation credibility. In addition, the algorithm aims to avoid unsafe dosages. These characteristics are further illustrated in a simulated clinical trial study, which corroborates the theoretical analysis and demonstrates an efficient budget usage as well as a balanced learning-treatment trade-off.
The strange case of the peculiar spiral galaxy NGC5474. New pieces of a galactic puzzle.

We present the first analysis of the stellar content of the structures and substructures identified in the peculiar star-forming galaxy NGC5474, based on Hubble Space Telescope resolved photometry from the LEGUS survey. NGC5474 is a satellite of the giant spiral M101, and is known to have a prominent bulge that is significantly off-set from the kinematic center of the underlying HI and stellar disc. The youngest stars (age~ 100 Myr) trace a flocculent spiral pattern extending out to ~8 kpc from the center of the galaxy. On the other hand intermediate-age (age > 500 Myr) and old (age > 2 Gyr) stars dominate the off-centred bulge and a large substructure residing in the South Western part of the disc and not correlated with the spiral arms (SW over-density). The old age of the stars in the SW over-density suggests that this may be another signature of the dynamical interaction/s that have shaped this anomalous galaxy. We suggest that a fly by with M101, generally invoked as the origin of the anomalies, may not be sufficient to explain all the observations. A more local and more recent interaction may help to put all the pieces of this galactic puzzle together.
Perception and Acceptance of an Autonomous Refactoring Bot

The use of autonomous bots for automatic support in software development tasks is increasing. In the past, however, they were not always perceived positively and sometimes experienced a negative bias compared to their human counterparts. We conducted a qualitative study in which we deployed an autonomous refactoring bot for 41 days in a student software development project. In between and at the end, we conducted semi-structured interviews to find out how developers perceive the bot and whether they are more or less critical when reviewing the contributions of a bot compared to human contributions. Our findings show that the bot was perceived as a useful and unobtrusive contributor, and developers were no more critical of it than they were about their human colleagues, but only a few team members felt responsible for the bot.
Carleson embedding on tri-tree and on tri-disc

We prove multi-parameter dyadic embedding theorem for Hardy operator on the multi-tree. We also show that for a large class of Dirichlet spaces in bi-disc and tri-disc this proves the embedding theorem of those Dirichlet spaces of holomorphic function on bi- and tri-disc. We completely describe the Carleson measures for such embeddings. The result below generalizes embedding result of \cite{AMPVZ} from bi-tree to tri-tree. One of our embedding description is similar to Carleson--Chang--Fefferman condition and involves dyadic open sets. On the other hand, the unusual feature of \cite{AMPVZ} was that embedding on bi-tree turned out to be equivalent to one box Carleson condition. This is in striking difference to works of Chang--Fefferman and well known Carleson quilt counterexample. We prove here the same unexpected result for the tri-tree. Finally, we explain the obstacle that prevents us from proving our results on polydiscs of dimension four and higher.
On Thompson Sampling for Smoother-than-Lipschitz Bandits

Thompson Sampling is a well established approach to bandit and reinforcement learning problems. However its use in continuum armed bandit problems has received relatively little attention. We provide the first bounds on the regret of Thompson Sampling for continuum armed bandits under weak conditions on the function class containing the true function and sub-exponential observation noise. Our bounds are realised by analysis of the eluder dimension, a recently proposed measure of the complexity of a function class, which has been demonstrated to be useful in bounding the Bayesian regret of Thompson Sampling for simpler bandit problems under sub-Gaussian observation noise. We derive a new bound on the eluder dimension for classes of functions with Lipschitz derivatives, and generalise previous analyses in multiple regards.
Quadratically Constrained Two-way Adversarial Channels

We study achievable rates of reliable communication in a power-constrained two-way additive interference channel over the real alphabet where communication is disrupted by a power-constrained jammer. This models the wireless communication scenario where two users Alice and Bob, operating in the full duplex mode, wish to exchange messages with each other in the presence of a jammer, James. Alice and Bob simultaneously transmit their encodings xA and xB over n channel uses. It is assumed that James can choose his jamming signal s as a noncausal randomized function of xA + xB, and the codebooks used by Alice and Bob. Alice and Bob observe xA + xB + s, and must recover each others' messages reliably. In this article, we provide upper and lower bounds on the capacity of this channel which match each other and equal $\frac{1}{2}\log \left( {\frac{1}{2} + SNR} \right)$ in the high- SNR regime (where SNR, signal to noise ratios, is defined as the ratio of the power constraints of the users to the power constraint of the jammer). We give a code construction based on lattice codes, and derive achievable rates for large SNR. We also present upper bounds based on two specific attack strategies for James. Along the way, sumset property of lattices for the achievability and general properties of capacity-achieving codes for memoryless channels for the converse are proved, which might be of independent interest. The full version of this paper is [1].
Umbilical Cord Blood: Counselling, Collection, and Banking

Objective: To review current evidence regarding umbilical cord blood counselling, collection, and banking and to provide guidelines for Canadian health care professionals regarding patient education, informed consent, procedural aspects, and options for cord blood banking in Canada . Options: Selective or routine collection and banking of umbilical cord blood for future stem cell transplantation for autologous (self) or allogeneic (related or unrelated) treatment of malignant and nonmalignant disorders in children and adults . Cord blood can be collected using in utero or ex utero techniques . Outcomes: Umbilical cord blood counselling, collection, and banking, education of health care professionals, indications for cord blood collection, short- and long-term risk and benefits, maternal and perinatal morbidity, parental satisfaction, and health care costs .
#FOGWASTE: Participatory urbanism towards place-understanding #FOGWASTE: urbanismo participativo para uma melhor compreensão do contexto

Participatory urbanism is on the rise in communities struggling to develop quality public spaces in constrained environments. In light of the growing practice of community-based strategies to shape urban place-making, this paper argues for an increased role of community engagement in urban place-understanding. It presents the work of feminist environmental artists of the 1970s as a precedent for participatory approaches towards infrastructure awareness and environmental stewardship, and discusses opportunities for expanding the impact of their approach through digital media integration. Lastly, the paper concludes with a contemporary casestudy as an engaged model for improving urban systems function. The case study presented represents a collaboration between the authors and the City of San Jose to engage pilot communities with a greater understanding of the connections between household practices of waste water management and urban sustainability.
Effects of rectal thermal-and pressure-stimuli on visceral perception thresholds in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Objective To observe the effects of rectal thermal- and pressure- stimuli on visceral perception thresholds in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and investigate its pathogenesis. Methods Rectal visceral perception thresholds were examined in 46 patients with IBS and in 13 normal controls after rectal thermal- and pressure stimuli. Subjects were asked to report its sensation, location and spread. Results Compared with healthy subjects, IBS patients, especially those with diarrhea-predominant IBS, demonstrated significantly lower perception thresholds to rectal thermal and pressure stimuli. Ice had varied effects on symptoms in patients with IBS and no effects on perception thresholds. Conclusion Visceral perception thresholds were decreased significantly after rectal thermal-and pressure- stimuli in patients with IBS. Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the important pathogenesis in IBS.
The Impact of Organisation Culture in Academic Institutions offering Management Education in India

There is a unique social and psychological environment in the educational institutions offering management education in India as the values and behaviors that contribute corporate or education institution. As we all know that, organizational culture includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, and written and unwritten rules that have been developed over time and are considered valid. The researcher of this paper has focused on some selected Educational Institutions in India to assess the impact of organizational culture and also proposes various ways of building an innovative organization culture and importance as it would reflect on student's development as per the corporate expectations.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in Individuals With or Without Symptoms of Genitourinary Infections

중앙대학교 의과대학 진단검사의학교실·비뇨기과학교실, 가톨릭대학교 성빈센트병원 비뇨기과학교실, 가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원 비뇨기과학교실 Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Suwon; Department of Urology, St. Mary’s Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea 원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 6, No. 2: 79-87, April 2016 http://dx.doi. org/10.3343/lmo.2016. 6.2. 79 임상 미생물학
Complication of exchange transfusion at a tertiary care hospital

Although the value of exchange transfusion in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinae-mia is recognized, the procedure has some risks and complications. Medical records of 92 newborns who under went exchange transfusion between September 2006 and August 2008 at Sher-I-Kashmir institute of medical sciences Soura Srinagar Kashmir were studied to de-termine the cause of jaundice and adverse events associated with neonatal exchange transfu-sion performed for hyperbilirubinemia. ABO incompatibility was the commonest cause for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and was found in 25% followed by Rh. incompatibility in 21.3%. None was found to have G6PD deficiency. Complications fallowing exchange trans-fusion were found in 20.7% neonates. Thrombocytopenia was found in 6%, Hypocalcaemia in 4.3%, Bradycardia, seizures, disseminated intravascular coagulation, Cardio respiratory arrest, hypoxia, necrotizing enter colitis and apnea were found in 1% each. The over all mortality observed was 2.1%. The majorities of adverse events associated with exchange transfusion were laboratory abnormalities and were asymptomatic and treatable.
Pregabalin for the treatment of acute postoperative pain - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: 14AP8-5

Whether I/R injury is a major contributor to our results have not been investigated in this study, but other studies2 support this theory. Conclusion: We found an increase in postoperative opioid consumption after tourniquet use. Possible preventive measures with anti-oxidant treatment should be investigated. References: 1. Konrad G, Markmiller M, Lenich, A et al. Clin Orthop Relat R 2005;433:189-194 2. Estebe J-P, Davies JM, Richebe P Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011; 28: 404-411 3. Snyder M, Shugars DA, White RP et al. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63:1130-7
Radical Radiation Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

過去26年間に当科で根治的放射線治療を行った非小細胞肺癌I～III期347例を対象として, 症例を診断制度の向上に伴い個別化治療を行った後期の225例と, それ以前の122例とに分けて, 放射線治療成績向上の要因について検討した. 全体の累積2年, 5年生存率はそれぞれ前期24%, 10%, 後期33%, 15%で, 病期別5年生存率は, I・II期で前期16%, 後期23%, III期では前期5%, 後期11%といずれも有意差がみられた. 組織型別では扁平上皮癌症例の2年, 5年生存率が前期で18%, 7%であったのに対し, 後期では36%, 18%と, 非扁平上皮癌症例に比し明らかな治療成績の向上が認められた. 扁平上皮癌の2年局所再発率は, 前期83%であったのに比し, 後期では36%と著しい低下が認められた. 非小細胞肺癌の治療成績向上には, 扁平上皮癌の局所制御率の向上が大きく寄与しており, 肺扁平上皮癌は局所治療である放射線治療の最もよい適応疾患であると考えられた.
Cambios proyectados de los recursos hídricos bajo escenarios de emisiones RCP4.5 y 8.5 de modelos climáticos globales del CMIP5 en el Altiplano Peruano

La investigacion, se realizo en el ambito del altiplano Peruano, con el objetivo de evaluar los cambios en la disponibilidad del recurso hidrico bajo escenarios de emisiones de Modelos Climaticos Globales (MCG) del Proyecto de Intercomparacion de Modelos Acoplados Fase 5 (CMIP5). La distribucion espacio-temporal de la precipitacion, se tomo como referencia la climatologia 1971 – 2000 y sus proyecciones para el horizonte 2071 – 2100, asi mismo para la simulacion de caudales se utilizo el modelo hidrologico conceptual de Ingenieria Rural de 2 parametros, cuyas evaluaciones estadisticas se midieron a traves de la eficiencia de Nash y Sutcliffe. El Simulador del Sistema Terrestre y el Clima de la Comunidad Australiana versiones 1.0 y 1.3 (ACCESS1.0 y 1.3) y el Modelo para la Investigacion Interdisciplinaria sobre el Clima version 5 (MIROC5), simularon adecuadamente el ciclo estacional de la precipitacion y en base a los resultados, los cambios de precipitaciones para los caminos de concentracion representativas (RCP4.5 y 8.5) a finales del siglo XXI, indican un ligero incremento de la precipitacion anual en la cuenca Ramis y una disminucion para la cuenca Ilave. Es asi que las variaciones de las precipitaciones son tambien reflejadas en los caudales, concluyendose que las mayores disminuciones del recurso hidrico se darian para la cuenca Ilave, con incrementos ligeros en promedio anual para la cuenca Ramis. Palabras clave: Altiplano Peruano, cambio climatico, escenarios climaticos, disponibilidad hidrica. ABSTRACT The research was conducted in the area of the Peruvian altiplano with the aim to assess changes in the availability of water resources under emission scenarios Global Climate Models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The spatio-temporal precipitation distribution was taken as reference climatology 1971 - 2000 and its projections for the horizon 2071 - 2100, also for simulating flows conceptual hydrological model of Rural Engineering 2 parameters are used, whose evaluations statistics were measured through efficiency Nash and Sutcliffe. The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator versions 1.0 and 1.3 (ACCESS1.0 and 1.3) and Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5), adequately simulated the seasonal cycle of precipitation and based results, changes in rainfall for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and 8.5) at the end of the XXI century, indicate a slight increase of annual rainfall of the basin Ramis and a decrease for the Ilave basin. Is thus that variations in rainfall are also reflected in the flows, concluding that the largest decreases of water resources would be given for the Ilave basin, with slight increases in annual average for the basin Ramis. Keywords: Peruvian altiplano, climate change, climate scenarios, water availability.