Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, Health Risk Factors, and Chronic Disease

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health condition and frequently co-occur with a variety of health risk factors, such as physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. As such, untreated anxiety and increased risk for engagement in these health risk habits can further increase risk for later-onset chronic disease and complications in disease management. Contemporary studies have identified unique temporal relationships between the onset of specific anxiety disorders with smoking and alcohol use disorders. Incorporating exercise with evidence-based treatments for anxiety is emerging and promising in enhancing treatments for anxiety-related conditions. Likewise, substance use treatment programs may benefit from the detection and management of anxiety. Collaborative care models for anxiety may provide the needed systems-based approach for treating anxiety more effectively in primary and specialty care medical settings. Based on a qualitative review of the literature, this article summarizes the current research on the associations between anxiety, health risk factors, and the risk for chronic diseases. The authors also offer suggestions for future research that would help in better understanding the complex relationships between the role anxiety plays in the vulnerability for and management of physical inactivity and substance use.
Filtragem Adaptativa em Subbandas para Separação Supervisionada de Fontes

Resumo—Este artigo investiga técnicas de filtragem adaptativa MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) para a aplicação de separação supervisionada de fontes no contexto de misturas convolutivas. Partindo da observação de que existe correlação entre os sinais das misturas, é proposta uma modificação no algoritmo NSAF (Normalized Subband Adaptive Filter) com o objetivo de acelerar sua velocidade de convergência. Resultados de simulações com misturas de sinais de voz em ambientes reverberantes mostram o desempenho superior do algoritmo proposto em relação aos desempenhos dos algoritmos NLMS (Normalized Least-Mean-Square) e NSAF convencionais considerando tanto a velocidade de convergência quanto a SIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio) após a convergência.
Invasive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection causing bacteremia and osteomyelitis simultaneously in two Saudi siblings

Abstract Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been now recognized as major pathogen in adults and children, causing a variety of infections including osteomyelitis. Deep venous thrombosis in children with S. aureus osteomyelitis occurs rarely. Two siblings of a Saudi family who acquired MRSA bacteremia and osteomyelitis concurrently are described in this report. The second patient had an invasive infection characterized by bacteremia, multifocal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis complicated by deep venous thrombosis of the left popliteal vein, necessitating anticoagulant treatment with heparin. To my best knowledge, such simultaneous occurrence of MRSA bacteremia and osteomyelitis affecting two family members has not been reported. Also, deep venous thrombosis complicating osteomyelitis is rare and has not been reported from this region of the world.
Inflammatory markers for evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease therapy

The lack of reliable biomarkers for predicting the clinical course or monitoring therapeutic outcome in inflammatory bowel disease is an indisputable problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate markers of inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Blood chemistry markers were evaluated along with clinical activity and quality of life assessment during infliximab therapy in Crohn’s disease patients, both the immediate response (one week) and long-term effect (up to five years). A majority of the patients showed improvement in clinical activity and quality of life as well as in hemoglobin, albumin and C-reactive protein levels. Using Harvey-Bradshaw index and Short Health Scale, infliximab demonstrated a prompt effect on clinical activity and quality of life and patients showed a maintained responsiveness over years. Systemic inflammatory markers were followed along with clinical activity in Crohn’s disease patients undergoing the first year of infliximab therapy. Healthy subjects were used as controls. Clinical activity improved with each infusion. High-sensitive C-reactive protein, calprotectin and nitrite improved after at least one infusion. However, calprotectin, nitrite and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor were elevated compared with healthy controls throughout the study, indicating a continuous subclinical inflammation. Fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein were compared with clinical activity index in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis during infliximab induction therapy. Calprotectin decreased significantly in responders following induction therapy. Moreover, fecal calprotectin exceeding a cut-off of 221 g/g was associated with a flare-up during the following 24 weeks. Assessment of luminal NO concentrations in acute colitis patients prior to and after three days of corticosteroid therapy onset showed that NO levels were higher both at baseline and day 3 in patients responding to therapy than in nonresponders. Furthermore, NO could be used as a predictor of colectomy as study endpoint. Baseline NO level below 2239 ppb was significantly associated with colectomy within one month from onset of corticosteroid therapy. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Lönnkvist M, Befrits R, Lundberg JO, Lundahl J, Fagerberg UL, Hjortswang H, van Hage M, Hellström PM Infliximab in clinical routine: experience with Crohn’s disease and biomarkers of inflammation over 5 years. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009;21:1168-76 II. Lönnkvist M, Theodorsson E, Holst M, Ljung T, Hellström PM. Blood chemistry markers for evaluation of inflammatory activity in Crohn’s disease during infliximab therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2011;46:420-7 III. Lönnkvist M, Befrits R, Ljung T, Holst M, Hellström PM. Fecal calprotectin predicts clinical outcome during infliximab induction therapy. Manuscript (submitted) IV. Lönnkvist M, Holst M, Ljung T, Hellström PM. Luminal nitric oxide as an early predictor of colectomy in corticosteroidtreated acute colitis.
Alteraciones celulares y moleculares no clásicas en el desarrollo del cáncer

Se requieren numerosas alteraciones geneticas y epigeneticas para producir la transformacion maligna de las celulas normales. Estas alteraciones participan en las vias moleculares intracelulares oncogenicas que permiten la proliferacion y la diseminacion de las celulas tumorales. Hanahan y Weinberg, en su articulo The hallmarks of cancer, puntualizaron las principales caracteristicas celulares adquiridas en el desarrollo y progresion del cancer: autosuficiencia de los senalamientos moleculares que inducen crecimiento, insensibilidad a los senalamientos de anticrecimiento, evasion de la apoptosis, potencial ilimitado de la replicacion celular, angiogenesis aumentada, e invasion tisular y desarrollo de metastasis. Esta revision examina otras caracteristicas biologicas importantes estudiadas en anos recientes, entre algunas de las mas importantes biomarcas no clasicas del cancer destacan la inestabilidad genomica, la evasion de la senescencia celular, las alteraciones epigeneticas que modifican los genes relacionados con el cancer, las alteraciones de la expresion genica por interferencia del mRNA, las alteraciones en el metabolismo intermedio de la glucosa y la glutamina, la participacion de las stem cells cancerosas en el mantenimiento de la proliferacion celular, la participacion de las celulas estromales en el microambiente tumoral, y las alteraciones en la presentacion antigenica celular junto con la inmunosupresion por citocinas en el microambiente tumoral. La identificacion de las biomarcas moleculares clasicas y no clasicas del proceso tumoral en un tumor especifico, permitira el mejor entendimiento de su fisiopatologia y el diseno de estrategias terapeuticas dirigidas personalizadas.
EVALUATION METHODS FOR VIBRATION EFFECT:Part 10. Measurements of Vibration Attenuation Effect of Cushions

In previous reports of this series, psychological experiments have been carried out on subjects sitting on a vibration table without cushions. In the case sitting on a cushion, vibration influence may be assessed either by measuring vibration acceleration values at the most adjacent spots on body surface touching the cushion, or by obtaining them by subtracting the attenuation values of the cushion from the vibration spectrum given to the subject without it. As the latter is capable of pursuit by several techniques in the laboratory test, measuring methods of the attenuation effect of the cushion are studied in this report. Three methods, threshold shift, mechanical impedance and acceleration ratio, were devised for the measurement of attenuation effect of the cushion to vertical and horizontal vibrations in frequency range between 2 and 100 Hz. Patterns of the attenuation effect on two resilient samples were determined for both vibrations using these methods. Measuring method of the vibration spectrum directly given to the subject sitting on the resilient material was also deduced for practical use.
Die Schwebstoffdynamik in der Trübungszone des Weserästuars

In der Trübungszone eines Ästuars schwanken die hohen Schwebstoffkonzentrationen auf unter-schiedlichen Zeitskalen. Damit der hohen Schwebstoffkonzentration auch hohe Sedimentationsraten und eine Verschlickung von Hafenanlagen verbunden sein können, ist ein umfassendes Systemverständnis zur Optimierung des Sedimentmanagements notwendig. Auf der Basis von zurückliegenden Messkampagnen und Daten aus Dauermessungen wird die Variabilität der Trübungszone auf intratidalen Zeitskalen, dem Spring-Nipp-Zyklus und verbunden mit Änderungen des Oberwasserabflusses (saisonale Zeitskala) untersucht und mit Modellergebnissen verglichen. Vorhergehende Ergebnisse, die die intratidale Variabilität als zyklischen Prozess aus Advektion suspendierten Materials, Deposition und Resuspension beschreiben, werden auf Basis der aktuellen Ergebnisse bestätigt. Eine starke Kopplung von Brackwasserzone und Trübungszone ist nicht nur auf der intratidalen Zeitskala sichtbar, sondern auch auf längeren Zeitskalen als Reaktion auf geänderte Oberwasserabflüsse. Der Spring-Nipp-Zyklus zeigt sich in den Schwebstoffkonzentrationen, die bei Springtide deutlich größer sind als bei Nipptide, und geringfügig in der Ausdehnung der Trübungszone.
Modelo experimental para o estudo da hérnia do disco intervertebral

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to present an experimental model of disc herniation and to validate such model to study mechanic and thermal hyperalgesia produced by the contact of the nucleus pulposus (NP) with nerve structures involved in this condition. METHODS: The authors used Wistar rats, the autologous NP being removed from the sacrococcygeal region and deposited on the dura mater, nerve root, or L4, L5, or L6 dorsal root ganglia. The experiments were divided into four steps: 1) determining the nerve structure that is the most sensitive to the contact with NP; 2) identifying the best lumbar level to induce hyperalgesia; 3) determining absence of a motor lesion; and 4) determining the impact of the surgical procedure upon the inflammatory process. Hyperalgesia was evaluated by the von Frey electronic test and the Hargreaves test, and the motor function was evaluated by the rota-rod test. RESULTS: NP induced higher intensity hyperalgesia in the paw when it was in contact with the dorsal root ganglion (GRD) than when it was in contact with the dura mater or the nerve root. Contact with GRD-L5, led NP to induce even higher hyperalgesia than that induced in the contact with L4 and L6 GRDs. No motor lesion and impact of the surgical inflammatory process on hyperalgesia were observed. CONCLUSION: GRD is the structure that is most sensitive to NP components to produce hyperalgesia, the fifth lumbar level being that showed the greatest change in the mechanic and thermal sensitivities evaluated in the paws of the animals, under the methods used.
Sale of micronutrient powders (MNPs) by frontline workers (FLWs) enables high reach, but low uptake limits impact on anemia and iron status: a cluster randomized study in Bangladesh

Little is known about how different delivery platforms can be used to reach nutritionally at risk populations with MNPs. A cluster randomized design was used to examine impact, on anemia and iron deficiency (ID), of the sale of MNPs by BRAC FLWs ‐ MNP intervention, and/or enhanced nutrition interpersonal counseling (IPC) ‐ EIPC intervention. Cross‐sectional surveys at baseline (2010) and endline (2014) were conducted in children 6‐11 mo at baseline and endline, and cluster adjusted difference‐in‐difference analysis was used to estimate impact. Compared to the control group, there were no significant differences in changes in Hb (9.9 → 9.7 g/dL vs. 9.9 → 9.8 g.dL, p = n.s.) or adjusted serum ferritin (SF) conc. over time (26.9 → 21.8 ug/L vs. 24.6 → 20.2 ug/L, p = n.s.) in the MNP + EIPC group, and in the prev. of anemia (67.5 → 71.6% vs. 67.2 → 75.3%, p = n.s.) or ID (11.0 → 22.9% vs.14.7 → 28.8%, p = n.s.). In the MNP + EIPC group FLW reach was high (~90%), as was awareness of MNPs (71.9%). In this group, 50% of HHs reported ever purchasing MNPs; mean purchase in the last 6 mo was 12.1 sachets; mean consumption in the last 7 d was 1.0 sachets. Among high target children 6‐7 mo of age, only 8.3% of children were classified as regular consumers (>2 sachets in the previous 7 d). Lack of awareness of the benefits of MNPs and cost were identified as barriers to purchase and use. The lack of impact on anemia and ID appears driven by low purchase, despite high reach of the FLW network, pointing to the potential of this platform if efforts aimed at increasing demand creation and affordability are strengthened. Funding:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition
IMPORTÂNCIA DO RASTREAMENTO SOROLÓGICO DA TOXOPLASMOSE EM GESTANTES ATENDIDAS EM AMBULATÓRIO DE PRÉ-NATAL DE ALTO RISCO

Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de 408 gestantes imunocompetentes, atendidas em Ambulatorio de Pre-Natal de Alto Risco, entre janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006 para verificar a relevância da triagem sorologica da infeccao por Toxoplasma gondii, nesta populacao. Foram analisados os perfis sorologicos, para pesquisa de anticorpos especificos IgM, IgG e avidez de IgG, atraves de metodos imunologicos ELFA® e MEIA®. Foram identificadas, 271 (66,42) imunes, 121 (29,6%) suscetiveis, seis (1,47%) com provavel doenca aguda e 10 (2,45%) casos com teste da avidez de IgG foi realizado apos o quarto mes de gestacao, alem do tempo estabelecido como ideal para pesquisa deste parâmetro laboratorial. A realizacao do teste de avidez de IgG, em tempo adequado, permitiu definir um maior numero de casos passiveis de tratamento. O encontro de 29,6% de gestantes suscetiveis a infeccao por T. gondii mostrou a importância da triagem sorologica na prevencao de casos de toxoplasmose aguda . Palavras-chave: toxoplasmose; gestantes; IgG; IgM; cuidado pre-natal Transversal retrospective study of serological test to T. gondii infection for 408 immunocompetent pregnant women attended in The High Risk Prenatal Ambulatory, among January, 2005 to December, 2006 to determinate the importance of screening for Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) infection in this population. Serological profile for specific IgM, IgG and IgG avidity done by ELFA® e MEIA® methodology were analyzed. There were found 271(66,42%) out of 408 pregnant women immune to T.gondii infection, 41 (29,3%) susceptible, six (1,47%) with probable acute disease and ten (2,45%) with avidity test realized after the adequate period established like optimal for research. The accomplishment of the IgG avidity test during the correct time allows the detection of a higher number of acute diseases. The data for 29,6% of pregnant women susceptible to infection by T. gondii shows the importance of serological screening for toxoplasmosis in order to prevent cases of acute toxoplasmosis in the population studied. Keywords: Toxoplasmosis, Pregnant, IgG, IgM, Prenatal Care.
MANAGEMENT OF INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS NEOPLASM OF THE PANCREAS

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs) consist of main duct (MD) type and branch duct (BD) type. The authors describe their way of thinking regarding diagnostic modalities and management for BD type IPMNs. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) provide high resolution images of main and branch pancreatic ducts. The cases with nodules demonstrated by EUS and/or IDUS regardless of the size are the indication of operation. There were 235 cases with BD type IPMN who underwent EUS and IDUS between April 1991 and June 2005. A total of 94 patients underwent surgical resection and were histopathologically diagnosed (carcinoma, 10 cases; adenoma, 64 cases; hyperplasia, 20 cases). Diagnoses of 79 cases with nodules detected by EUS or IDUS preoperatively were 10 carcinomas, 61 adenomas and eight hyperplasias. Diagnoses of 15 cases without nodules but with symptoms were three adenomas, 12 hyperplasias and no carcinoma. The authors think that the combination of EUS and IDUS is the best way for diagnosing BD type IPMNs in the present state.
Current obstetric & gynecologic diagnosis & treatment

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Difficult Hypertension: Practical management and decision making

1. Aims and Objectives 2. Children 3. Pregnancy 4. Elderly 5. Ethnic Factors 6. Secondary: Phaeochromocytomas, Conn's & Cushing's 7. Accelerated 8. Unresponsive 9. Isolated Systolic 10. Diabetes Mellitus 11. Renal Disease 12. Cerebrovascular Disease 13. Hypertensive Patient Having a General Anaesthetic 14. Concomitant Disorders 15. Evaluation of a New Antihypertensive Drug: An Industry Perspective 16. Determining the Impact of Antihypertensive Drugs on the Quality of Life 17. Antihypertensive Drugs: Assessing the Published Results
AVALIAÇÃO DO ESCORE DE RISCO DE FRAMINGHAM EM UM AMBULATÓRIO DE CARDIOLOGIA DE CRICIÚMA – SC

Introducao: O Escore de Risco de Framingham e um dos principais meios para avaliacao do risco de mortalidade cardiovascular em 10 anos, sendo este realizado atraves da analise de importantes fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivos: Conhecer o risco de mortalidade cardiovascular dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatorio de Cardiologia da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, em Criciuma, Santa Catarina. Metodos: Estudo censitario, transversal e observacional que incluiu prontuarios no periodo de fevereiro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. Resultados: Considerando os prontuarios de 38 individuos analisados, pode-se perceber uma maior proporcao da faixa etaria entre 55-59 anos (31,57%; n=12). Houve um predominio do sexo feminino (71,05%; n=27), entretanto nos pacientes de alto e medio risco, ocorreu predominio relativo do sexo masculino 72,72% (n=8) e 9,09% (n=1) respectivamente. Em relacao ao escore de risco, a maior proporcao correspondeu aos pacientes de alto risco (65,78%; n=25). Dentre as doencas equivalentes aos pacientes de alto risco, 43,47% (n=10) eram portadores de diabetes mellitus, sendo 80,00% (n=8) do sexo feminino. Conclusao: Em nosso estudo observamos um predominio da populacao na faixa de alto risco.
에티오피아 일개 지역 보건지소 건강관리요원에 대한 직무교육의 효과

전 세계적으로 건강형평성의 확보가 인류의 기본권으로 간주되고 저개발국의 빈곤과 건강문제 해결을 전 세계가 공통으로 해결해야 할 목표로 설정하는 새천년 목표(Millenium Development Goal [MDG])가 채택되면서 우리나라에서도 국제보건에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국제보건을 위한 에티오피아 모자보건 역량강화사업에 참여하면서 저개발국의모자보건에서 핵심적인 역할을 담당하고 있는 HEW를 대상으로 모자보건 관련 교육을 적용하고 그 효과를 분석하였다. 에티오피아의 경우 HEW는 1년간의 교육과정을 이수한 경우가 가장 일반적이지만 단기간의 훈련만을 받고 현장에 투입되는 경우도 많아 체계적인 직무교육이 필요하다. 그러나 이들의 자질이나 역할이행에 대한 평가는 아직 제대로 이루어지지 못하였다(Medhanyie et al., 2012). 현재 HEW는 Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions에서 교육을 받도록 하고 있는데, 교육과정에 대해 32명을 대상으로 심층 면담한 선행연구에 따르면 2003년 교육과정이 처음 개발된 이후 아직까지도 현실에 적합하도록 개정이 이루어지지 않았으며 교육을 위한 설비가 부족하고 교육자에 대한 계속 교육이 이루어지지 않는 등 많은 제한점을 갖고 있다고 보고하였다(Damtew et al., 2011). Admassie, Abebaw와 Woldemichael (2009)는 HEW에 의한 Health services extension program을 실시한 지역에서는 실시하지 않은 지역보다 예방접종률과 말라리아 예방을 위한 모기장 보급률이 유의하게 높아 그 효과를 확인할 수 있었으나 예방적인 모성건강관리에 있어서는 그 효과가 크지 않아서 임신 시 산전관리를 위해 HEW를 처음 방문하는 시기는 더 빨랐지만 그 외의 산전 산후관리에서는 거의 차이를 보이지 않았다고 보고하였다. 또한 5세 미만 아동의 설사와 기침 질환 감소에도 기여하지 못하였다고 하여 아직은 그 효과가 부분적으로만 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다. Koblinsky 등(2010)의 연구에서는 지역주민의 HEW에 대한 반응이 긍정적이며 프로그램 적용 이후 모자보건 관련 지표가 향상되고 있음을 보고한 바 있으며, Karim 등(2010)도 HEW의 활동이 주민의 산전 산후관리와 상관성을 보이며 모자보건에 기여하고 있다고 평가 하였으나 모성사망률 감소에는 아직 기여하지 못하고 있음을 보고하였다. Tsegay 등(2013)은 HEW 활동으로 산전관리를 받는 주민이 많아졌으며 산전관리 시 시설분만을 권고를 받은 임부들에서 그렇지 않은 임부들보다 시설분만률 비율이 더 높기는 하였지만 시설분만률 자체에 대한 효과는 미미하여 새로운 전략 마련이 필요하다고 하였다. 에티오피아 북부 지역에서 5년 이내 출산경험이 있는 산모 725명을 대상으로 한 Medhanyie 등(2012)의 연구에서도 HEW가 주민들의 가족계획, 산전간호, 그리고 HIV 검사율 증진에 기여하는 것으로 나타났으나 시설분만률과 산후관리에 대한 기여는 유의하지 않았다. 한편 에티오피아의 시골 지역에서는 HEW를 대신할 지역사회 사례관리(community case management) 자원자를 모집하여 교육 후 설사, 말라리아, 폐렴 등의 아동 건강관리에 투입하여 효과를 거둔 경우도 보고되었다(Degefie et al., 2009). 이와 같이 HEW 제도 도입 후 지역주민의 건강관리 이용률에서의 효과를 보는 연구는 상당 수 이루어졌으며 부분적으로 긍정적인 효과가 나타나고 있음을 보고하고 있으나 HEW의 지식 수준을 평가하거나 교육 프로그램 적용 후 HEW의 지식이나 수행능력의 향상 여부를 확인한 연구는 매우 제한적이다. 최근의 연구에서 Dynes 등(2013)이 HEW 대상으로 산전, 산후 관리에 대한 교육 후 사전 조사에 비해 교육 후의 사후 조사에서 수행 점수가 유의하게 증가하였음을 보고한 연구가 있는 정도이다. 본 연구에서는 에티오피아 티그라이주 KilteAwlero지역의 HEW를 대상으로 직무교육을 실시하고 그 효과를 평가하였는데, 대부분 사전에 비해 교육 후 지식 점수가 유의하게 향상된 것은 긍정적인 효과를 기대하게 하는 결과이다. 그러나 본 교육 프로그램에서는 강의만을 포함하였는데 실제 모자보건 업무를 수행하는 HEW 들은 술기도 매우 중요한 부분이므로 이들에게 보건소에서 수행하는 업무를 직접 관찰, 수행하도록 하고 부족하거나 잘못된 부분을 교정해주는 피드백이 필요하리라 생각된다. 이는 교육대상자들의 교육에 대한 평가에서도 나타난 부분으로, 향후에는 이론과 실습을 병행하는 프로그램을 개발하여 좀 더 많은 대상자에게 적용 후 효과를 평가하는 것이 필요할 것이다.
An Introduction to ESMA’s Commitments of Traders Reports: Do Hedgers Really Hedge?

We introduce a novel type of commodity futures positions report issued by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). This report is interesting to researchers for two reasons: First, it allows analyzing European commodity markets, which, compared to US-American markets, have hitherto largely been ignored by the literature. Second, this new type of report offers the advantage of breaking down positions not only by the different types of traders but also by the underlying trading motives. This paper studies these new data for different energy and metal futures contracts. The results suggest that the extent of speculative positions might have been underestimated in earlier studies.