Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IoT, IR 4.0, and AI Technology Usability and Future Trend Demands

The world is struggling and dealing with a new pandemic named Coronavirus. Technologies such as the internet of things, IR4.0, artificial intelligence, and social media applications are becoming crucial tools during these tumultuous times to aid humanity in different perspectives. Many industries and people around the world are utilizing these applications to perform daily life operations. Therefore, technological innovations are continuously improving in every sector. For instance, in many hospitals, COVID-19 patients are monitored using the IoT-based networks on a regular basis with the ability to make decisions with the aid of the artificial intelligence. Industrial Revolution 4.0 is another technology that is helping business in current pandemic situation. In current pandemic, internet and 4G networks are playing important roles. These networks demand heavy bandwidth and show new future industries trends. In this chapter, the authors have discussed IoT, IR 4.0, AI, and social media applications' roles and impact on society, usability, and future trend demands.
ALAM: Anonymous Lightweight Authentication Mechanism for SDN-Enabled Smart Homes

The smart connected devices are the first choice of cybercriminals for spreading spy wares and different security attacks. The current security standards and protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) have failed in providing security to these devices. In addition, IoT market giants are producing nonsecure smart products in order to grab the open market. Furthermore, low resources of IoT devices, limits the traditional host-based protection solutions like anti-virus, IDS, IPS, etc. To overcome the resource constraintness and security barriers of smart devices, a network-level security architecture based on lightweight cryptographic parameters is required. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm to overcome the control, management, and security issues in traditional networking. The SDN controller handles all the computation and complexities at the network level, rather than smart devices. In this research, we first present a new privacy-preserving security architecture for SDN-based smart homes. Subsequently, an anonymous lightweight authentication mechanism (ALAM) is designed based on the proposed security architecture core foundations. Furthermore, the security characteristics of the proposed protocol are formally analyzed using Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic and ProVerif, followed by informal security analysis. Finally, performance evaluation and comparative analysis of the scheme is carried out.
Parameter analysis and modification of transmission loss models for multi-layered cavity walls

Multi-layer cavity wall (MCW) systems, which refer to each panel in the structure being made up of two or more layers of lightweight board, have become more widely used. However, unlike the detailed approaches that were available for predicting single-layer cavity walls (SCW), few studies have addressed the MCW involving different layers attached together. In this research, we applied two theoretical models of SCW, analyzed the key parameters and modify to have appropriate application for MCW. The predictive capability of the models was then evaluated by comparing them with results of experiment and commercial software. The results showed that Sharp’s model was suggested only when the thickness of the steel stud of about 0.75 mm. Through modifying the input values of the compliance of steel (CM), attenuation factor (F) and the limiting angle of incident (θ L ) in Davy’s model, and the prediction of the proposed model showed great consistent with experiments.
TAIL CONDITIONAL EXPECTATIONS FOR GENERALIZED SKEW-ELLIPTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

This paper deals with the multivariate tail conditional expectation (MTCE) for generalized skew-elliptical distributions. We present tail conditional expectation for univariate generalized skew-elliptical distributions and MTCE for generalized skew-elliptical distributions. There are many special cases for generalized skew-elliptical distributions, such as generalized skew-normal, generalized skew Student-t, generalized skew-logistic and generalized skew-Laplace distributions.
Sum-Throughput Maximization in NOMA-Based WPCN: A Cluster-Specific Beamforming Approach

Wireless power transfer is a promising solution for wireless networks composed of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices that may suffer from insufficient battery capacity. A wireless powered communication network (WPCN) is a framework to design energy-constrained networks such as IoT networks. In this article, we consider WPCNs consisting of a hybrid access point (H-AP) and energy harvesting users, all equipped with multiple antennas. A H-AP transfers energy to the users using energy beamforming in the downlink, and the users transmit information using the harvested energy in the uplink, where nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission is employed. For the uplink NOMA transmission, users are grouped into multiple clusters by cluster-specific beamforming. In particular, signal alignment is exploited for the beamforming so that the channels of users in a cluster are aligned in the same direction. By signal alignment, the number of messages decoded by successive interference cancellation (SIC) is reduced, which can be effective at lowering the decoding complexity and SIC error propagation. Due to the difficulty of jointly optimizing cluster-specific beamforming and time/energy resources for sum-throughput maximization, we determine the beamforming relying on signal alignment first, and then the resources are optimized for given beamforming. To be more specific, we propose a novel iterative algorithm for cluster-specific beamforming design followed by the sum-throughput maximization algorithm. Numerical results show the sum-throughput performance of the proposed scheme and its robustness toward SIC error propagation compared to existing schemes.
International early learning and child well-being study assessment framework

The International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study puts a spotlight on how children are faring at 5 years-of-age. Children’s early well-being and learning are primary determinants of their later outcomes in schooling and in adulthood. Yet children’s development during their early years remains one of the most neglected areas of international research in education. As a consequence, the international evidence countries can draw on to inform their policy approaches for children’s early learning is sparse. The International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study has been developed and designed to fill this gap. Education systems that prioritise evidence on children’s actual needs and who learn from other countries’ achievements and challenges will be more successful in giving every child a strong early start, thereby building more successful and equitable systems.
Positives, Negatives, and Opportunities Arising in the Undergraduate Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract:The global COVID-19 pandemic will be a memorable part of the college student experience from Spring 2020 through the semesters that followed. Higher education administrators and student affairs leadership have faced many concerns during the pandemic, including the remote learning experience, the mental health of college students, and the unexpected, chaotic nature of the academic year. The wide range of experiences for college students during COVID-19 gives university leadership a clearer understanding of unplanned upheaval. We captured the positive experiences, negative experiences, and opportunities seen by 17 college students during a global pandemic using a qualitative, inductive content analysis. Findings demonstrate that students need creative online learning experiences, intentional remote student experiences, and for their institutions to highlight the opportunities available through remote work. These findings inform and direct institutions as they navigate unplanned circumstances related to college student experiences.
Selective Motion Control of a Novel Magnetic-Driven Minirobot With Targeted Drug Sustained-Release Function

In this article, we propose a novel magnetic-actuated multimodule drug sustained-release minirobot (DSM) manipulated by an external rotating electromagnetic field. The structure of the DSM is mainly divided into three parts: 1) a shell; 2) an internal propeller; and 3) a drug chamber. The shell can effectively protect the intestinal tract and reduce the various resistances during the work; the built-in propeller not only realizes active locomotion but also saves internal space, which provides the feasibility for the development of functional modules of the robot. The drug chamber pushes the carried drugs out of the chamber similar to a syringe. With structural optimization, we have realized the sustained-release and quantitative drug delivery based on the characteristics of minimagnets’ individual starting frequency- and pitch-related calculations. The main challenge to achieve these functions is to manipulate two magnets in the same magnetic field to drive different functional modules, without mutual interference between the two magnets. In this article, a series of simulations and experiments are conducted to evaluate DSM's motion performance, drug delivery function, and dose control during drug delivery. In the experiment, two different drug delivery points were set up to make DSM spray the drug on the fester areas twice respectively. Finally, an in vitro experiment using the DSM prototype was executed with fresh pig large intestine in a curved shape pipe mold.
Down-regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits 1 affects neurogenesis of hippocampal neural stem cells

: Schizophrenia is a common and serious mental illness characterized by severe impairments in thinking, emotions, and behaviors. Usually, the cognitive de ﬁ cits of schizophrenia are closely associated with abnormal neurogenesis due to the hypofunction of certain neural receptors such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which mediates neurotransmission. However, little is known about the involvement of NMDAR1 in regulating hippocampal neurogenesis in schizophrenia. In the current study, we present evidence suggesting that NMDAR1 regulates hippocampal neurogenesis as lentivirus-mediated shRNA silencing NMDAR1 gene or blocking with MK-801 results in abnormal neurogenesis consistently found in schizophrenia. The important ﬁ nding was clearly demonstrated by the multiparametric assessments, including morphology, immuno ﬂ uorescence, western blotting, and ﬂ ow cytometry. Simultaneously, our results indicated that knockdown and blockade of NMDAR1 signi ﬁ cantly attenuated the proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells (hNSCs) and decreased the differentiation to neurons. More importantly, the blockade of NMDAR1 with MK-801 aggravated the apoptosis of hNSCs. Thus, it is likely that NMDAR1 functions as a new target for the treatment of schizophrenia. Our present study may provide a novel insight for further investigation of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
A highly sensitive fluorescent sensor for Al3+ and Zn2+ based on a diarylethene salicylhydrazide Schiff base derivative and its bioimaging in live cells

A new photochromic diarylethene based sensor with a salicylhydrazide Schiff base unit has been synthesized and its photochromic and fluorescent behaviors have been systematically investigated by the stimulation of light and metal ions in methanol. It displayed a dual-mode with a “turn on” fluorescence response and color changes upon addition of Al3+ or Zn2+. The LODs for Al3+ and Zn2+ were determined to be 8.31 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 3.33 × 10−7 mol L−1, respectively. A logic circuit was designed by using the fluorescence intensity as an output and the combinational stimuli of UV/vis and Al3+/EDTA as inputs. Furthermore, the living cell imaging results demonstrated its value of practical applications in biological systems.
Finite Control Set – Model Predictive Control Based On Sliding Mode For Bidirectional Power Inverter

This paper presents a different Finite Control Set – Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) for grid-connected three-phase bidirectional power inverters. These are typically used in dc or ac renewable-based microgrids (MGs), where bidirectional operation and fast dynamic response is required. The bidirectional grid-connected inverters are an essential part of MG, which inject energy into the ac grid or demand energy from it. The dynamic behavior of the system is a major concern since the current can suddenly change depending on the hierarchical controller. This paper proposes a different cost function using sliding mode theory, which offers a good dynamic response, reduced computational burden, and a parameter-free control model. The operation principle of the proposed controller is given and evaluated using a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) system, but also experimentally with a 1kW laboratory prototype. The final results demonstrate the advantages of using this approach in grid-connected three-phase bidirectional power inverters in terms of dynamic response and reduced computational burden, making this solution technically attractive and viable.
Evaluation of patients who are clinically suspected for the case of acute pancreatitis by MCTSI

AP can be diagnosed either by clinical, laboratory, or image findings. For an appropriate diagnosis of AP, at least two of the following criteria to be fulfilled. In majority of cases, the disease is self-limiting and presents with response to supportive treatment alone. The assessment of the severity of AP has a significant role in management. All male and female patients with complaints of abdominal pain (epigastric pain), vomiting with raised serum amylase & lipase levels and who underwent contrast enhanced MDCT during study period were study subjects. MDCT being a useful, non-invasive, accurate investigative tool in confirming the clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and grading of AP as mild (grade 2 and grade 4), moderate (grade 6) and severe (grade 8 and 10) contrary to other previous studies which classified it into mild (grade 2), moderate (grade 4 and grade 6) and severe (grade 8 and 10) on the basis of MCTSI scoring index.
Computing complete Lyapunov functions for discrete-time dynamical systems

A complete Lyapunov function characterizes the behaviour of a general discrete-time dynamical system. In particular, it divides the state space into the chain-recurrent set where the complete Lyapunov function is constant along trajectories and the part where the flow is gradient-like and the complete Lyapunov function is strictly decreasing along solutions. Moreover, the level sets of a complete Lyapunov function provide information about attractors, repellers, and basins of attraction. We propose two novel classes of methods to compute complete Lyapunov functions for a general discrete-time dynamical system given by an iteration. The first class of methods computes a complete Lyapunov function by approximating the solution of an ill-posed equation for its discrete orbital derivative using meshfree collocation. The second class of methods computes a complete Lyapunov function as solution of a minimization problem in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We apply both classes of methods to several examples.
Comparison of two different techniques in emergency surgery of colon diverticulitis: Hartmann's procedure and resection with primary anastomosis

Colon diverticula may require emergency or elective surgery depending on its complications. Our aim is to compare the Hartmann's procedure and resection with primary anastomosis in the patients with colon diverticulitis and to demonstrate the surgical approach of our clinic. Patients were evaluated retrospectively who were operated for colon diverticulitis between January 2010 and January 2020. The patients who underwent emergency surgery for left colon diverticulitis were divided into two groups as patients with primary anastomosis resection (group 1) and Hartmann's procedure (group 2) and the groups were compared. In the aspect of the development of complications there was no remarkable difference between the groups (P = .56). Postoperative early mortality rate was similar in two groups (P = .12). According to the Hinchey classification, 31.7% of the cases were stage I, 9.8% were stage II, 31.7% were stage III, and 26.8% were stage IV. There was not a distinction in morbidity and mortality rates between Hartmann's procedure and resection with primary anastomosis. The best surgical approach should be determined by considering the operation to be performed, the patient's preferences, clinical status, and the predicted results of the surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis.
ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RECONFIGURABLE INTELLIGENT SURFACE AIDED POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT RELAY TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS

—In this paper, the performance analysis of a dual-hop reconﬁgurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided power line communication (PLC) system is presented under diﬀerent relay transmission protocols. The relay is assumed to be decode-and-forward (DF) or amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying protocol. It is also assumed that the RIS link is subjected to Rayleigh fading while the PLC link undergoes Log-normal fading with the inﬂuence of additive background and impulsive noise. To evaluate the system performance, the end-to-end cumulative distribution function for both relaying protocols are derived. Based on these, the analysis expressions for the system outage probability and average bit error rate (ABER) are derived under DF and AF relaying protocols. To gain further insight about the system performance, the asymptotic analysis for the derived expressions is obtained at high signal-to-noise ratio regime. The ﬁndings illustrate the signiﬁcant impact of the number of RIS elements and impulsive noise on the overall system performance. In addition, the accuracy of the analytical results is justiﬁed through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Intra-cyclic analysis of the front crawl swimming technique with an inertial measurement unit

Sports scientists and coaches strive to identify and analyse performance relevant parameters and to optimize them in the training practice. In swimming, this process is time-consuming and requires expensive and professional video equipment, which is currently considered the gold standard. Since inertial measurement units (IMUs) are increasingly interesting for athletes, are more easily accessible and are less disturbing to wear, they offer an ideal alternative to classic video-supported motion analysis. In addition, IMUs provide further data of interest to scientists and trainers. The present study aims to transfer the findings from the video analysis data to the data measured with an IMU. The focus is on the frontal crawl and its key movements, body roll, angular velocity and forward acceleration in relation to their intra-cyclic variations. Ten athletes from regional to national level swam 100 m front crawl and the video recording was combined with the IMU to analyse the key positions and find similarities and differences between the swimmers. The findings are the basis for an automatic pattern recognition system to provide coaches and scientists with immediate feedback on the execution of movements and to decide which parameters should be specifically trained to improve performance.
Erkek infertilitesinin medikal yönetimi Medical management of male infertility

Infertility is an important global health problem. If the cause of infertility is known, then that cause is treated. However, no cause capable of accounting for infertility can be established in a significant proportion of infertile couples. Such patients instead receive empiric medical treatment. The purpose of this study is to review the medical treatments employed in male infertility.
Mitigating the impact of bad rainy seasons in poor agricultural regions to tackle deforestation

Land use changes are known to account for over 20% of human greenhouse gas emissions and tree cover losses can significantly influence land-climate dynamics. Land-climate feedbacks have been identified and evaluated for a long time. However, in addition to the direct effect of climate change on forest biomes, recent sparse evidence has shown that land use changes may increase as a result of weather shocks. In Western and Central Africa, agriculture is the main source of income and employment for rural populations. Economies rely on agricultural production, which is largely rainfed, and therefore dependent predominantly upon seasonal rainfall. In this article, I explore the impact of seasonal rainfall quality on deforestation, by combining high-resolution remotely-sensed annual tree cover loss, land cover, human activity and daily rainfall data. I show that in poor regions that are mainly reliant on rainfed agriculture, a bad rainy season leads to large deforestation shocks. These shocks notably depend on the proportion of agricultural land and on the remoteness of the areas in question, as remoteness determines the ability to import food and the existence of alternative income sources. In areas with significant forest cover, a short rainfall season leads to a 15% increase in deforestation. In unconnected areas with small proportions of crop area, the increase in deforestation reaches 20%. Findings suggest that a refined understanding of the land use changes caused by rainfall shocks might be used to improve the design and effectiveness of development, adaptation and conservation policies.
The Challenges of Acute Interstitial Nephritis: Time to Standardize.

AIN diagnosis as compared with the clinical nephrologist’s pre-biopsy AIN diagnosis and a model consisting of currently available blood and urine tests. Overall, these results suggest that concomitantly elevated levels of urine TNF-α and IL-9 are specific to AIN and may be a useful biomarker to distinguish AIN from other clinical causes of AKD. Furthermore, a higher ratio of urinary M1(pro-inflammatory) to M2(anti-inflammatory) macrophages was shown to differentiate between AIN and other kidney pathologies 21 . Importantly, new insights into the pathogenesis of AIN as well its diagnosis and therapy may be garnered from this study. A recent study measured urinary retinol-binding protein/Cr in patients with immune-3
Effects of the Large-Scale Circulation on Temperature and Water
Vapor Distributions in the Π Chamber

Abstract. Microphysical processes are important for the development of clouds and thus Earth's climate. For example, turbulent fluctuations in the water vapor concentration, r, and temperature, T, cause fluctuations in the saturation ratio, S. Because S is the driving factor in the condensational growth of droplets, fluctuations may broaden the cloud droplet size distribution due to individual droplets experiencing different growth rates. The small scale turbulent fluctuations in the atmosphere that are relevant to cloud droplets are difficult to quantify through field measurements. We investigate these processes in the laboratory, using Michigan Tech's Π Chamber. The Π Chamber utilizes Rayleigh-Benard convection (RBC) to create the turbulent conditions inherent in clouds. In RBC it is common for a large scale circulation (LSC) to form. As a consequence of the LSC, the temperature field of the chamber is not spatially uniform. In this paper, we characterize the LSC in the Π chamber and show how it affects the shape of the distributions of r, T and S. The LSC was found to follow a single roll with an updraft and downdraft along opposing walls of the chamber. Near the updraft (downdraft), the distributions of T and r were positively (negatively) skewed. S consistently had a negatively skewed distribution, with the downdraft being the most negative.