Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell does not decrease cocaine self-administration in cocaine-dependent rats but increases GluR1/GluA1 in the central nucleus of the amygdala

Background Cocaine addiction is a major public health problem. Despite decades of intense research, no effective treatments are available. Both preclinical and clinical studies of drug addiction strongly suggest that the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a viable target for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Objective Although previous studies have shown that DBS of the NAcc decreases cocaine seeking and reinstatement, the effects of DBS on cocaine intake in cocaine-dependent animals have not yet been investigated. Methods Rats were made cocaine-dependent by allowing them to self-administer cocaine in long-access sessions (6 h, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion). The effects of high-frequency DBS of the NAcc shell on cocaine intake was then studied. Furthermore, cocaine-induced locomotor activity, irritability-like behavior during cocaine abstinence and the levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits 1 and 2 (GluR1/GluA1 and GluR2/GluA2) after DBS were investigated. Results Contrary to our expectations, DBS of the NAcc shell induced a slight increase in both cocaine self-administration and cocaine-induced locomotor activity. In addition, 18 h into cocaine withdrawal, we found that DBS decreased irritability-like behavior. We also found that DBS-induced a robust increase in both cytosolic and synaptosomal levels of GluR1, but not GluR2, specifically in the central nucleus of the amygdala but not in other brain regions. Conclusions These preclinical results with cocaine-dependent animals do not support high-frequency DBS of the NAcc shell as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of cocaine addiction in active cocaine users. However, the decrease in irritability-like behavior during cocaine abstinence, together with previous findings showing that DBS of the NAcc shell reduces the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in abstinent animals, warrants future investigations of DBS as a treatment for negative emotional states and craving during abstinence. Highlights High-frequency DBS of the NAcc shell for the treatment of cocaine addiction is proposed DBS of the NAcc shell does not decrease cocaine intake in cocaine-dependent rats DBS increases the level of GluR1 specifically in the central nucleus of the amygdala
Spatiotemporal variation in maturation: a case study with American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland

Fisheries management usually does not explicitly account for spatial variation in life history traits within populations. However, for some stocks this spatial variation may be substantial. We develop a spatiotemporal generalized linear model and fit the model to a long time series of maturation data for American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland and Labrador. The spatiotemporal correlation structure improves estimation of small-scale spatiotemporal variation in maturity across locations and times with limited or few samples. We test how American plaice maturity varies at three different spatial resolutions. We find improvements in model fit when decreasing spatial scales for higher spatial resolution due to high levels of spatial heterogeneity in American plaice maturity at age and size. Modeling variation in life history traits at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales is necessary for understanding population dynamics and developing appropriate fisheries management strategies.
Research on Performance Evaluation System of Innovative Pharmaceutical Enterprises Based on Balanced Scorecard——Taking CCS1 WuXi AppTec as an Example2

With the reform of medical system, China’s pharmaceutical industry has entered a period of adjustment and transformation with steady development. The comprehensive performance evaluation of pharmaceutical companies is conducive to understanding the overall operation and development potential of the pharmaceutical industry in China, and has reference significance for the decision-making of all stakeholders. Based on the balanced scorecard, this paper designs a comprehensive performance evaluation system at the financial and non-financial levels, using scientific and effective evaluation methods to analyse the performance of pharmaceutical industry companies, which will play an important role in improving the comprehensive performance evaluation of pharmaceutical industry companies.
Gaming Addiction and Aggression in Pakistani Young Adults: Through the Lens of Excitation Transfer Theory

The present study investigated the relationship between gaming addiction and aggression among young adults. 160 participants (80 males and 80 females) were approached by purposive sampling. Cross-sectional, correlational research design was employed. The data were collected using two questionnaires: Gaming Addiction Inventory for Adults and The Aggression Questionnaire. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21. Results revealed that gaming addiction has significant but negative relationship with aggression, anger, and physical aggression, however, verbal aggression and hostility were not significantly related. Analysis of gender difference indicated males as more addicted to games than females, while aggression and its variants were not found to be significantly different. The study concluded that video game playing may become a source for releasing aggression, hence, lowering the physiological arousals and reducing aggression in life. The inverse relationship of gaming addiction and aggression implies the positive consideration of games for dealing with aggression among young adults. The study has certain limitations as forthcoming researches should examine the particular types of games with aggression or comparing different age groups will further enlighten the relationship of game playing and aggression.
Preparing Teacher Educators for Statewide Scale-Up of Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS)

Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS), as a fully integrated set of practices and interventions directed to academics and behavior, with emerging applications to social and emotional learning in the teaching/learning process, is very much in its ascendency in schools across the United States and elsewhere. As a result, there is an emerging need to prepare teacher and administrator educators to enter the rapidly expanding number of implementing schools and districts. Requisite dispositions, skills, and knowledge germane to ensuring successful applications, sustainability, and resultant student outcomes from MTSS introduction into systems praxis are increasingly required. In this position paper, we discuss the origins of MTSS, its expansion into various areas of education in the United States, and its emerging contribution to the thorny issue of inclusion. We conclude with examination of Innovation Configuration, a heuristic to assist teacher and administrator educators in the development of course syllabi and other professional learning vehicles addressed to MTSS.
Estimation of Heterosis of Yield and Yield-Related Traits in the African Eggplant (Solanum Aethiopicum) Hybrids

African eggplant is an important fruit and leafy vegetable in Africa. Heterosis over mid and better parents was estimated in eight crosses of eggplant involving eight pure lines in a field experiment in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Collected data was subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences were further subjected to Duncan Multiple Range Test. The aim of this study was to identify superior hybrids that can be advanced in the eggplant breeding program for improved yield and related traits. Significant variation was observed among all traits measured for the parents and hybrids. The highest fruit number was observed in NHS10-40 and in NHS 10-71 x NHS 10-40 among the parents and hybrids respectively. The highest heterosis was recorded in the cross between NHS10-71 x NHS10-40.
A dexterity measure for trajectory planning and kinematic design of redundant manipulators

A novel measure for end-effector dexterity called stochastic manipulability is proposed. This index is based on a kinematic value that is invariable according to the degrees of freedom (DOFs) of manipulator mechanisms and those of task spaces. The harmonic mean manipulability index is improved by normalizing the measure through stochastic consideration of manipulator motion and by adopting the average of joint speeds in place of the sum. This measure can compare the dexterities of manipulators having various DOFs. Therefore, the measure is effective not only for trajectory planning but also for kinematic design by simulation comparisons. The application to 2-DOF and 3-DOF planar manipulators demonstrates the usefulness of the index. <<ETX>>
Genetic diversity analysis and identification of promising lines for hybridization in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Forty genotypes of chickpea were evaluated for assessing genetic divergence for different quantitative characters for improving yield potential of chickpea by using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters suggesting considerable amount of genetic diversity in the material. The intra-cluster D2 value ranged from 0.00 to 9.06 while, intercluster D2 value ranged from 4.07 to 55.71. The maximum intra cluster distance was exhibited by cluster V followed by cluster II and cluster I. Cluster III had mono- genotype and emerged with contained highest cluster mean value grain yield per plot. Cluster II has highest mean value for number of pods per plant and lowest mean value for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and plant height. Maximum contribution toward the total divergence was exhibited by 100-seed weight followed by number of pods per plant and minimum by days to maturity. Cluster IV and VI showing maximum inter cluster distance and crossing of genotypes Sabour chana-1 (BRC-1), GCP 105, PBC 503, DC 16-2, NBeG 776, RVSSG 42, G2016-43, GL 14042, IPC 2013-21, GNG 2338, GNG 2375 and KWR 108 from cluster VI suggested for improving grain yield per plot, 100-seed weight and earliness in flowering and ultimately enhancing the yield and chances of getting better recombinants in segregating generations.
Functional Evidence for an Inward Rectifier Potassium Current in Rat Renal Afferent Arterioles

Abstract—An inward rectifier potassium current, Kir, has been identified in cerebral and coronary resistance vessels, where it is considered to be an important determinant of resting membrane potential (RMP) and to play a role in blood flow regulation. We investigated the functional role of Kir in the renal afferent arteriole using the in vitro–perfused hydronephrotic rat kidney. Increasing external KCl from 5 to 15 mmol/L induced afferent arteriolar vasodilation. This response was inhibited by 10 to 100 μmol/L Ba2+, concentrations selective for blockade of Kir, and by chloroethylclonidine (100 μmol/L) but was not blocked by glibenclamide (10 μmol/L) or ouabain (3 mmol/L). Reducing external KCl from 5 to 1.5 mmol/L to enhance rectification of Kir caused vasoconstriction at low renal arterial pressure (40 mm Hg) and vasodilation during myogenic vasoconstriction (120 mm Hg), suggesting that this current dominates RMP at low perfusion pressures. When administered to kidneys perfused at 40 mm Hg renal arteria.
A membrane theory for circular graphene sheets, based on a hyperelastic material model for large deformations

Abstract Large deflections relevant for suspended circular graphene sheets with simply supported boundaries are computed by a theory for 2D membranes subjected to several types of vertical axisymmetric forces, based on the principle of virtual power (PVP). Corresponding stress–strain relations are provided in the form of a nonlinear hyperelastic material model for graphene. When approximating the deflections through Fourier series, the PVP yields a nonlinear algebraic system of equations, which is solved by the iterative Newton–Raphson procedure. The new computational efficient method is validated through comparison of the numerical results it provides, with predictions obtained from experimental nanoindentaion measurements.
Ecological niche analysis of dominant shrimp species in the Jiushan Islands Marine Nature Reserve

: The broad aim of our study was to understand shrimp communities and the relationship between dominant species by conducting ecological niche analyses. We collected data with respect to quantities, biomass and species identification on shrimps from the Jiushan Islands Marine Nature Reserve in November 2015 and again in February, May and August of 2016. Using indices such as the index of relative importance ( IRI ), niche breadth and niche overlap, we analyzed the ecological niche of dominant shrimp species. Finally, we compared niche breadth to understand the relative resource utilization capacity of different shrimp species in the community and also identify whether shrimp species are evenly distributed across the sampling sites/seasons. We used spatio-temporal niche breadth which is a comprehensive descriptor of resource utilization and the product of temporal and spatial niche breadth. In total, we captured 16 warm-temperate and warm-water species in the marine reserve, belonging to 8 families and 12 genera. biomass of the species.
Influence of production system and finishing feeding on meat quality of Rubia Gallega calves

Aim of study: Beef quality is mainly affected by finishing feeding (FF) and production system (PS). The effects of PS (extensive, semi-extensive, traditional and intensive systems) and FF from Rubia Gallega calves were compared in terms of meat quality.Area of study: Galicia (NW Spain)Material and methods: Calves (n=10 per treatment) were slaughtered at nine months of age and meat samples were assessed in terms of meat quality attributes such as physicochemical, nutritional and sensory analysis performed by a trained panel.Main results: Meat chemical composition varied (p<0.01) with PS and FF. The semi-extensive system showed the lowest values (p<0.05) for cooking loss (22.8%) and for shear force (26.0 N) while the extensive system presented the lowest contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the highest contents of linolenic acid (p<0.001). The SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents varied with FF (p<0.05). The lowest and highest values for SFA and PUFA were displayed in extensive group finished with Pasture/Concentrate, meanwhile feedlot group finished with Concentrate/Straw showed and opposite trend. The n-6/n-3 ratio was lower than 4 for extensive and semi-extensive systems (p<0.001). In addition, tenderness and juiciness showed significant differences mainly due to FF.Research highlights: This study showed that meat of calves reared in extensive systems was the healthiest, regarding total fat and fatty acid composition. It can be concluded that finishing feeding, and PS affected meat quality. Hence the potential usefulness of these results is to improve meat quality and safety according to market demands.
Evolutionary couplings detect side-chain interactions

Patterns of amino acid covariation in large protein sequence alignments can inform the prediction of de novo protein structures, binding interfaces, and mutational effects. While algorithms that detect these so-called evolutionary couplings between residues have proven useful for practical applications, less is known about how and why these methods perform so well, and what insights into biological processes can be gained from their application. Evolutionary coupling algorithms are commonly benchmarked by comparison to true structural contacts derived from solved protein structures. However, the methods used to determine true structural contacts are not standardized and different definitions of structural contacts may have important consequences for interpreting the results from evolutionary coupling analyses and understanding their overall utility. Here, we show that evolutionary coupling analyses are significantly more likely to identify structural contacts between side-chain atoms than between backbone atoms. We use both simulations and empirical analyses to highlight that purely backbone-based definitions of true residue–residue contacts (i.e., based on the distance between Cα atoms) may underestimate the accuracy of evolutionary coupling algorithms by as much as 40% and that a commonly used reference point (Cβ atoms) underestimates the accuracy by 10–15%. These findings show that co-evolutionary outcomes differ according to which atoms participate in residue–residue interactions and suggest that accounting for different interaction types may lead to further improvements to contact-prediction methods. Significance Statement Evolutionary couplings between residues within a protein can provide valuable information about protein structures, protein-protein interactions, and the mutability of individual residues. However, the mechanistic factors that determine whether two residues will co-evolve remains unknown. We show that structural proximity by itself is not sufficient for co-evolution to occur between residues. Rather, evolutionary couplings between residues are specifically governed by interactions between side-chain atoms. By contrast, intramolecular contacts between atoms in the protein backbone display only a weak signature of evolutionary coupling. These findings highlight that different types of stabilizing contacts exist within protein structures and that these types have a differential impact on the evolution of protein structures that should be considered in co-evolutionary applications.
Sport and Physical Activity in Isolation Caused by Coronavirus

The coronavirus pandemic, officially declared on March 11, 2020, has temporarily stopped the planet, and paralyzed all sports activities. Millions of athletes around the world, locked in four walls, without the possibility of training and competition, faced a new challenge. This study tries to look at the psychological and sociological impact of quarantine on athletes, as well as the economic consequences that the pandemic will leave on the world of sports. Interviews with a sports psychologist, sports worker and former athlete highlighted various aspects of the crisis. The aim of study is to assess how and to what extent a pandemic will change sport, with the conclusion that it will not change the human nature and strong need to engage in it.
Analisis pengucapan vokal bahasa Indonesia oleh pemelajar bahasa Indonesia penutur bahasa Thai 2017 (Studi Kasus di Universitas Bagian Utara Thailand)

Bahasa Thai mengenal perbedaan nada dalam pengucapan vokal. Makalah ini akan memaparkan analisa pengucapan vokal bahasa Indonesia yang diucapkan oleh pemelajar BIPA penutur Thai. Analisis pengucapan akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Praat. Data untuk penelitian dini diperoleh dari pengucapan vokal bahasa Indonesia oleh pemelajar BIPA penutur Thai dari Naresuan University Thailand dan pengucapan vokal Bahasa Indonesia oleh penutur jati. Hasil yang ditemukan menunjukkan adanya pola yang sama dan ada pola yang berbeda dalam pengucapan vokal bahasa Indonesia oleh penutur bahasa Thai bila dibandingkan dengan pola pengucapan vokal oleh penutur jati. Hasil yang ditemukan ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pengajaran BIPA bagi penutur Thai khususnya dalam pemahaman dan kegiatan latihan pengucapan vokal bahasa Indonesia
OPTIMALITY OF STATE DEPENDENT SINGLE SERVER QUEUE WITH MMPP INPUT

In this paper, we study the optimal control of service rate in a single server state dependent queue with MMPP input. The objective of this work is nd the optimal service rate that minimizes the service rate using matrix method. A performance di erence formula is derived to quantify the di erence of service rate based on varying arrival in the long run.
Towards training engineering in the teaching of reproductive health education: Identification of educational needs by using the focus group technique

Reproductive health education is a taught knowledge that extends the vision of learning to prepare learners for literacy and citizenship. However, its integration into the curriculum is finding more difficulties and this is due to several factors. This work aims to identify the difficulties and educational needs of student midwives’ in relation to reproductive health education during the year 2018. We used the focus group technique as a data collection method. Our results highlighted the sources of information and the educational needs of our students towards reproductive health education before any teaching of this knowledge. The main sources of information for students on reproductive health education were high school, the internet, and the media. The obstacles identified were related to shortcomings in theoretical and practical training. 50 % of the students had announced that this is a taboo subject and that the population refuses to discuss it. All the students had approved the integration of reproductive and sexual health education in the Moroccan academic curricula. In addition to identifying students' educational needs, the group focus technique could be used in perspective in training engineering towards other knowledge.
A Job Worth Waiting for: Parental Wealth and Youth Unemployment in Ghana

Youth unemployment in Ghana increases in parental wealth. This occurs because, without unemployment insurance, only workers with sufficiently high parental wealth can afford to remain unemployed, and do so to search for scarce, high-productivity jobs. I estimate a structural model of endogenous education, employment and occupational choice to quantify this effect; I demonstrate that it leads to low educational attainment, high income inequality, and low match efficiency among workers of heterogeneous ability. I decompose the effect of wealth on average lifetime earnings into education and unemployment channels, and show that the latter accounts for 37% of the total effect. Further, I compare the effectiveness of two alternative policy interventions: an education subsidy and unemployment insurance. I find that the former is most effective at increasing aggregate productivity, but comes at the cost of increasing income inequality, while the later has a smaller effect on aggregate productivity, but also decreases inequality.
Micronutrient specific SSR marker based diversity analysis for developing short duration wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Malnutrition leads to high mortality especially in developing countries. Present study comprised 11 high yielding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes sown during rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 and crosses attempted during 2014-15 and sown at Research Field of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. Forty nine microsatellite markers linked with identified QTLs for micronutrient were used for the genetic diversity assessment among bread wheat parents their F1s. Out of 49, 38 SSRs were found polymorphic which amplified a total of 76 alleles with an average of 2.00 alleles per locus. The range of amplified PCR products ranged from 100 to 480 bp. Estimates of similarity coefficient among parents and F1s suggest enough divergence and averaged to 0.71. Enough genetic variability was observed for all the 14 agronomic traits in all genotypes. Selection of genotypes from different clusters helps in making proper choice of breeding programme. In the present study, the information generated about genetic diversity will be useful for selection of parents for breeding including gene mapping and ultimately for marker assisted selection (MAS) for micronutrient content improvement worldwide.