Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fostering Transfer in Multimedia Instructional Environments

The role and promotion of transfer in multimedia instructional environments is an oft-neglected concept in instructional multimedia research. However, while most instructional multimedia research does not focus specifically on transfer, the majority of basic multimedia research conducted uses retention and transfer as dependent measures. The purposes of this chapter are to (a) provide a review of the current state of the transfer literature, (b) provide a synthesis of the existing literature on the evidence for transfer in multimedia instructional environments, and (c) provide a series of strategies for constructing and using multimedia for the purpose of fostering transfer. The significance of proactively creating multimedia instructional environments that fosters transfer lies in the benefits of creating knowledge that may be generalized and applied in the " real world. " Specifically, knowledge that may be generalized, applied, or transferred broadly facilitates the learner's ability to solve problems of all types. In addition and unfortunately, even under the best of conditions, fostering transfer is challenging; thus, a proactive stance in fostering transfer is necessary to increase the likelihood of generating knowledge transfer.
Scop3P: a comprehensive resource of human phosphosites within their full context

Protein phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification (PTM) in many biological processes and is associated to human diseases such as cancer and metabolic disorders. The accurate identification, annotation and functional analysis of phosphosites is therefore crucial to understand their various roles. Phosphosites (P-sites) are mainly analysed through phosphoproteomics, which has led to increasing amounts of publicly available phosphoproteomics data. Several resources have been built around the resulting phosphosite information, but these are usually restricted to protein sequence and basic site metadata. What is often missing from these resources, however, is context, including protein structure mapping, experimental provenance information, and biophysical predictions. We therefore developed Scop3P: a comprehensive database of human phosphosites within their full context. Scop3P integrates sequences (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot), structures (PDB), and uniformly reprocessed phosphoproteomics data (PRIDE) to annotate all known human phosphosites. Furthermore, these sites are put into biophysical context by annotating each phosphoprotein with perresidue structural propensity, solvent accessibility, disordered probability, and early folding information. Scop3P, available at https://iomics.ugent. be/scop3p, presents a unique resource for visualization and analysis of phosphosites, and for understanding of phosphosite structure-function relationships.
Selección de progenitores para planes de cruzamiento en arveja (Pisum sativum l.) y estimación de parámetros genéticos mediante el uso de blup

El objetivo más importante de los programas de mejoramiento de arveja consiste en el desarrollo de nuevos genotipos que sean genéticamente más productivos. La selección generalmente se basa en métodos fenotípicos, pero debe basarse en los valores genéticos o de mejora porque los caracteres cuantitativos a menudo están influenciados por los efectos ambientales y la interacción genotipo-ambiente. Los objetivos consistieron en seleccionar variedades que puedan ser utilizadas como progenitoras identificando aquellas con el mayor mérito genético para ser incluidas en programas de hibridación y estimar parámetros genéticos utilizando BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). Sesenta y un variedades de arveja se evaluaron durante dos años consecutivos para importantes caracteres cuantitativos. El análisis de varianza mostró diferencias significativas entre genotipos, ambientes y la interacción genotipo-ambiente para todos los rasgos. En función del ranking promedio de los valores de mejora asignado para cada variedad teniendo en cuenta las variables Días a floración y a cosecha, Altura de planta, Calibre del grano y Número de vainas por 20 plantas, se seleccionaron nueve variedades. Se obtuvieron las heredabilidades por y a través de los ambientes y los coeficientes de correlación genética usando BLUP. Los valores de mejora darían una mejor clasificación del valor genético de los padres que su valor fenotípico y, por lo tanto, se mejoraría la eficiencia de la selección y la ganancia genética sería más predecible. Los genotipos seleccionados podrían usarse como parentales en futuros programas de hibridación.
Web Application Testing (Major Challenges and Techniques)

--Web-based systems represent a young, but rapidly growing technology. As the number of web applications continues to grow, these systems enter a critical role in a multitude of companies. The way web systems impact business aspects, combined with an ever-growing internet user mass, emphasize the importance of developing high-quality products. Thus, proper testing plays a distinctive part in ensuring reliable, robust and high performing operation of web applications. Issues such as the security of the web application, the basic functionality of the site, its accessibility to handicapped users and fully able users, as well as readiness for expected traffic and number of users and the ability to survive a massive spike in user traffic, both of which are related to load testing. The testing of web based applications has much in common with the testing of desktop systems like testing of functionality, configuration, and compatibility. Web application testing consists of the analysis of the web fault compared to the generic software faults. Other faults are strictly dependent on the interaction mode because of web application multi-tier architecture. Some web specific faults are authentication problem, incorrect multi language support, hyperlink problem, cross-browser portability problem, incorrect form construction, incorrect cookie value, incorrect session management, incorrect generation of error page, etc. In this paper, main concern will be to bring up issues regarding testing web application functionality implemented using numerous technologies. Generating a test environment to test this type of application and exercise each of them is a quite tough task. Functional requirement testing of web application will be considered in this paper. So after discussing challenges of web testing, focus of the remainder paper will be on compendious of various existing testing techniques for web application. Finally, there is a brief discussion about future trends of testing scopes in web applications and concluding remarks.
Real-Time Monitoring of Voltage Variations using Mathematical Morphology

The monitoring of short- and long-duration root-mean-square voltage variations is still an open and demanding issue for academic and industrial fields. In this work, a methodology based on mathematical morphology operations such as dilation and erosion for monitoring of voltage variations is proposed. It consists of three stages: 1) denoising, 2) tracking and detection, and 3) final classification according to the IEEE Std. 1159. In order to validate and test the proposal, a set of synthetic and real signals is used, including the database of the IEEE work group P1159.3. The obtained results demonstrate the proposal effectiveness to detect and classify voltage variations, even when they are embedded in high-level noise. Finally, a hardware implementation based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) is also developed as a system-on-a-chip (SoC) solution to offer an online and real-time monitoring of voltage variations, which is also possible thanks to the low complexity of the proposal.
Scaffold subunits support associated subunit assembly in the Chlamydomonas ciliary nexin–dynein regulatory complex

Significance Cilia and flagella are small hair-like appendages in eukaryotic cells that play essential roles in cell sensing, signaling, and motility. The highly conserved nexin–dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) is one of the key regulators for ciliary motility. At least 11 proteins (DRC1–11) have been assigned to the N-DRC, but their precise arrangement within the large N-DRC structure is not yet known. Here, using cryo-electron tomography combined with genetic approaches, we have localized DRC7, the subcomplex DRC8/DRC11, the N terminus of DRC4, and the C terminus of DRC5. Our results provide insights into N-DRC structure, its function in the regulation of dynein activity, and the mechanism by which n-drc mutations can lead to defects in ciliary motility that cause disease. The nexin–dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) in motile cilia and flagella functions as a linker between neighboring doublet microtubules, acts to stabilize the axonemal core structure, and serves as a central hub for the regulation of ciliary motility. Although the N-DRC has been studied extensively using genetic, biochemical, and structural approaches, the precise arrangement of the 11 (or more) N-DRC subunits remains unknown. Here, using cryo-electron tomography, we have compared the structure of Chlamydomonas wild-type flagella to that of strains with specific DRC subunit deletions or rescued strains with tagged DRC subunits. Our results show that DRC7 is a central linker subunit that helps connect the N-DRC to the outer dynein arms. DRC11 is required for the assembly of DRC8, and DRC8/11 form a subcomplex in the proximal lobe of the linker domain that is required to form stable contacts to the neighboring B-tubule. Gold labeling of tagged subunits determines the precise locations of the previously ambiguous N terminus of DRC4 and C terminus of DRC5. DRC4 is now shown to contribute to the core scaffold of the N-DRC. Our results reveal the overall architecture of N-DRC, with the 3 subunits DRC1/2/4 forming a core complex that serves as the scaffold for the assembly of the “functional subunits,” namely DRC3/5–8/11. These findings shed light on N-DRC assembly and its role in regulating flagellar beating.
FMRF Gene Expression in the Nervous System of the Squid Doryteuthis Pealei* Hatchling

FMRFamide is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed in invertebrates and known to be involved in many physiological functions. Previously we noted marked differences in expression of the fmrf gene in the stellate ganglion of Doryteuthis pealei* compared to the central nervous system. In this study we aimed to examen the brain systems of Doryteuthis pealei* for the presence and distribution of fmrf-expressing cells and fiber networks. Late squid embryos and hatchlings were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in whole mounts and tissue sections. All central lobes contained limited numbers of scattered neurons expressing fmrf, but the FMRFamide-containing fiber systems were abundant and extensive, mostly present in the neuropil of lobes. Main clusters of neurons were located in the magnocellular and chromatophore lobes of the posterior subesophageal mass (PSM), and in dorsal aspects of the basal lobe (BL). Dense FMRFamide-immunoreactive fibers were particularly seen in the optic lobe (OL), medial and posterior supraesophageal masses (MSM and SPM) often with a commissural organization. The data show that the central lobes of Doryteuthis pealei hatchlings have a matured FMRFamide system organized in a limited number of centers, but with widely distributed efferents. This suggests that FMRFamide neurons are already functionally engaged in the late embryo. The localization indicates that control of chromatophores and fin movement are amongst these functions.
Self-efficacy to Engage in Physical Activity and Overcome Barriers, Sedentary Behavior, and Their Relation to Body Mass Index Among Elderly Indonesians With Diabetes

Objectives Elderly individuals with diabetes should maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) to help control their blood glucose levels. This study investigated barriers to physical activity (PA), self-efficacy to overcome those barriers, and PA self-efficacy among elderly individuals with diabetes in relation to BMI. Methods This cross-sectional study included 56 participants. Data were collected by a questionnaire interview and direct measurements for anthropometric data. PA self-efficacy was measured using 8 questions describing different levels of PA, where participants rated the strength of their belief that they could engage in that activity. Self-efficacy to overcome barriers was measured using 10 questions capturing participants’ confidence in their ability to engage in PA despite different possible barriers. Mean scores for these parameters were analyzed using the chi-square test and the independent t-test. Results In total, 89.3% of participants had a low PA level and 58.9% had more than 3 hours of sedentary activity per day. Furthermore, 55.4% were obese and 14.3% were overweight. The mean scores for PA self-efficacy and self-efficacy to overcome barriers were 59.1± 26.4 and 52.5±13.8, respectively. PA level was related to BMI (p<0.001; r=0.116) and sedentary activity (p<0.05; r=0.274). PA self-efficacy and age were not related to BMI. Barriers to PA were associated with PA levels (p<0.05). Conclusions Physical inactivity was a major problem in elderly individuals with diabetes, and was correlated with higher BMI. Lower levels of PA might be mediated by sedentary activity.
Design guidelines for online resources: a longitudinal analysis of information processing

Abstract This paper proposes that to create superior information resources that meet the information needs of the target audience, a greater understanding of information processing is required. We suggest that the subjective assessment criteria that information-seekers use to process information resources and the information they contain can be used to produce design guidelines for online information resources. This is tested using data from a participant in an eighteen-month longitudinal study of expectant and new mothers. From our participant, three information resource assessment criteria (convenience, credibility, and format) and five information assessment criteria (complete, easy to understand, references, relevance and reliability) were identified. These eight criteria were used to generate design guidelines to meet the needs of our participant. This article provides an analysis tool that can be used by other researchers to collect and analyse subjective assessment criteria.
Investigating the diversity and evolution of temperate actinobacteriophages

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria, and they have been evolving for billions of years to combat the hosts they infect as well as other phages in the environment. Many phages are temperate, and after infection they may remain in the host as a prophage, forming a lysogen instead of initiating lytic growth. Lysogeny presents unique challenges and benefits, and as a result temperate phages impact their environment differently than obligately lytic phages. Although temperate phages are diverse, many paradigms about their lifestyle and evolution have been derived from small collections of phages representing limited and ill-defined genetic diversity. Therefore, I have investigated a large collection of phages infecting hosts in the phylum Actinobacteria to expand our understanding of temperate phage diversity and evolution. First, I show that in contrast to obligately lytic phages, temperate phages evolve within two evolutionary modes that are characterized by different degrees of gene content flux and that vary by the type of temperate phage and its bacterial host. Second, I characterize extrachromosomal Mycobacterium prophages that utilize partitioning systems to maintain lysogeny, which are not commonly reported. I show that these prophages exhibit partition-mediated incompatibility and that components of this system evolve under different selective pressures possibly to avoid this instability. Third, I characterize Bifidobacterium prophages and explore how they interact with their hosts. Some of these prophages utilize a unique integration site and encode a shufflon system. This shufflon may control host range and is the first to be reported in actinobacteriophages. Last, I examine the evolution of a Mycobacterium prophage immunity system. This regulatory circuit enables prophages to control expression of lytic genes, maintaining lysogeny and defending against superinfection. I show that closely-related phages with diverging immunity systems generate a complex immunity network and gaining virulence to escape this network is difficult. Overall, this research has broadened our understanding of temperate phage diversity and evolution, and it has identified genetic systems that can be used to develop new genetic tools.
The role of glycine betaine in range expansions; protecting mangroves against extreme freeze events

Due to a warming climate, mangrove populations within the Gulf of Mexico and along the Florida Atlantic coastline are expanding their range poleward. As mangroves expand their range limit, leading edge individuals are more likely to experience an increased incidence of freeze events. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the mechanisms used by mangroves to survive freezing conditions. Here, we conducted common garden experiments at different locations experiencing variable winter freeze conditions to show glycine betaine, an organic osmolyte, increases significantly with freeze exposure, playing an important role in the freeze tolerance of Avicennia germinans, a widespread Neotropical mangrove. We found glycine betaine accumulation was similar across all source populations and freeze exposure locations, suggesting glycine betaine is not a range limit adaptation and is instead used for freeze tolerance by A. germinans irrespective of source population. Plants sourced from populations that experience freezing conditions exhibited greater rates of survival, indicating range edge populations of A. germinans have other heritable adaptations in addition to glycine betaine for freeze tolerance. Synthesis. Continued mangrove expansion poleward will result in a greater incidence of freeze events for individuals at the leading edge. Our findings suggest freeze tolerance in this species may be genetically based and that leading edge A. germinans have the potential to survive extreme freeze events and recover post‐freeze, allowing for their continued expansion poleward. This process of selective survival may act to promote adaptation of freeze tolerance in range edge populations.
Variable selection in varying coefficient models for mapping quantitative trait loci

YI GONG: Variable Selection in Varying Coefficient Models for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci. (Under the direction of Fei Zou.) The Collaborative Cross (CC), a renewable mouse resource that mimics the genetic diversity in humans, provides great data sources for mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). The recombinant inbred intercrosses (RIX) generated from CC recombinant inbred (RI) lines have several attractive features and can be produced repeatedly. Many quantitative traits are inherently complex and change with other covariates. To map such complex traits, phenotypes are measured across multiple values of covariates on each subject. In the first topic, we propose a more flexible nonparametric varying coefficient QTL mapping method for RIX data. This model lets the QTL effects evolve with certain covariates, and naturally extends classical parametric QTL mapping methods. Simulation results indicate that the varying coefficient QTL mapping has substantially higher power and higher mapping precision compared to parametric models when the assumption of constant genetic effects fails. We model the time-varying genetic effects with functional approximation using B-spline basis. We apply a nested permutation method to obtain threshold values for QTL detection. In the second topic, we extend the single marker QTL mapping to multiple QTL mapping. We treat multiple QTL mapping as a model/variable selection problem and propose a penalized mixed effects model. We apply a penalty function for the group selection of coefficients associated with each gene. We propose new selection procedures for tuning parameters. Simulations showed that the new mapping method performs better than the single marker analysis when multiple QTL exist. Last, in the third topic, we extend the multiple QTL
CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 Expressing Tendon Cells – A novel Immune Cell Population in the Tendon Core

Tendon disorders frequently occur and recent evidence has clearly implicated the presence of immune cells and inflammatory events during early tendinopathy. However, the origin and properties of these cells remain poorly defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of myleoid cells in healthy rodent and human tendon tissue and to characterize them. Using various transgenic reporter mouse models, we demonstrate the presence of tendon cells in the dense matrix of the tendon core expressing the fractalkine (Fkn) receptor CX3CR1 and its cognate ligand CX3CL1/Fkn. Pro-inflammatory stimulation of 3D tendon-like constructs in vitro resulted in a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, Mmp3, Mmp9, Cx3cl1, and epiregulin which has been reported to contribute to inflammation, wound healing, and tissue repair. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of the fractalkine receptor blocked tendon cell migration in vitro and show the presence of CX3CR1/CX3CL1/EREG expressing cells in healthy human tendons. Taken together, we demonstrate the presence of CX3CL1+/CX3CR1+ “tenophages” within the healthy tendon proper potentially fulfilling surveillance functions in tendons. Summary Statement Here, we demonstrate the presence of a macrophage-like, CX3CL1/CX3CR1-expressing cell population within the healthy tendon proper potentially fulfilling a surveillance function.
MiR-26a promotes apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells by targeting the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24-reductase gene

Objective Apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) affects mammalian follicular development and fecundity. This study aimed to explore the regulatory relationship between microRNA-26a (miR-26a) and the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24-reductase gene (DHCR24) gene in porcine follicular granular cells (pGCs), and to provide empirical data for the development of methods to improve the reproductive capacity of pigs. Methods The pGCs were transfected with miR-26a mimic, miR-26a inhibitor and DHCR24-siRNA in vitro. The cell apoptosis rate of pGCs was detected by the flow cytometry. The secretion levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in pGCs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Double luciferase validation system was used to detect the binding sites between miR-26a and DHCR24 3′-UTR region. Qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to verify the DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression in pGCs, respectively, after transfecting with miR-26a mimic and miR-26a inhibitor. Results Results showed that enhancement of miR-26a promoted apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. Meanwhile, inhibition of DHCR24 also upregulated the Caspase-3 expression, reduced the BCL-2 expression, promoted pGCs apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. There were the binding sites of miR-26a located within DHCR24 3′-UTR. Up-regulation of miR-26a inhibited DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression in pGCs. Conclusion This study demonstrates that miR-26a can promote cell apoptosis and inhibit E2 and P secretion by inhibiting the expression of DHCR24 in pGCs.