Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic properties of curved HTS trapped field stacks under high-frequency cross fields for high-speed rotating machines

Superconducting electric propulsion systems, characterized by high power densities and efficiencies, provide a possibility to zero carbon emission for future aviation. Stacks of high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) have become an alternative for high field magnets applied to superconducting machines, given their excellent field trapping ability and thermal stability. High-frequency ripple fields always exist in high-speed electric machines. Most research work regarding HTS trapped field stacks (TFSs) was focused on their magnetization methods and amplitude of trapped flux density; however, their performance in the high-frequency environment remains unclear. Despite several numerical models established for flat HTS TFSs, a comprehensive analysis of curved ones is still lacking, which possess geometrical applicability for cylindrical rotating shafts. Aimed at exploring the electromagnetic properties of curved HTS TFSs applied to high-speed rotating machines, a 3D numerical model considering both the multilayer structure and the Jc (B) dependence of HTS CCs has been built. Current and magnetic flux density distributions, as well as loss properties of a curved HTS TFS have been studied in detail, under perpendicular and cross fields with varying frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 20 kHz. Results have shown that, the widely adopted two-dimensional-axisymmetric models are inapplicable to study the electromagnetic distributions of TFSs because of the emergence of the electromagnetic criss-cross defined in this paper. High-frequency ripple fields can drive induced current towards the periphery of the HTS TFS due to the skin effect, leading to a fast rise of AC loss and even an irreversible demagnetization of the stack. This paper has qualified and quantified the high-frequency electromagnetic behaviours of curved HTS TFSs, providing a useful reference for their loss controlling and anti-demagnetization design in high-speed propulsion machines.
A Study on Phishing Attack during the Covid-19 Lockdown

Phishing is a mendacious attempt for gathering the sensitive information like debit MasterCard , net banking other secure details, user names and passwords. A standard approach in phishing is through the transmission of messages and email communication with an embedded hyperlink. The detection and mitigation of phishing attacks are a big challenge because of the complexity of current phishing attacks. Existing techniques are often too much time consuming to be applied in the real world in terms of detection and mitigation approach. Phishing is becoming more malicious during covid-19 lockdown and its detection and awareness is extremely important. Objective of this paper is to develop more security and protection requires by both users and enterprises towards the safe services. We discuss types of phishing, phishing impact during the covid-19 lockdown and methods to teach and train users against phishing.
Platelet Rich Fibrin - Das Low-Speed Centrifugation Concept

In diesem Artikel wird das Low-Speed Centrifugation Concept (LSCC) für Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) näher vorgestellt. PRF kann aus venösen Patientenblut am Behandlungsstuhl entnommen werden und enthält ein Fibringerüst sowie hauptsächlich 3 weitere Bestandteile: Thrombozyten, Erythrozyten und Leukozyten. Die Weichgewebeheilung scheint durch PRF verbessert zu werden. Es gibt momentan keine Evidenz, dass die Knochenregeneration durch PRF verbessert werden kann.
Design, Characterisation and Applications of Cellulose-Based Thin Films, Nanofibers and 3D Printed Structures: A Laboratory Manual

The introduction of the Laboratory Manual gives the theoretical bases on cellulose and its derivatives, which are used as starting polymers for the preparation of multifunctional polymers with three different advanced techniques spin coating, electrospinning and 3D printing. In the following, each technique is presented in a separate Lab Exercise. Each exercise covers the theoretical basics on techniques for polymer processing and methods for their characterisation, with an emphasis on the application of prepared materials. The experimental sections contain all the necessary information needed to implement the exercises, while the added results provide students with the help to implement correct and successful exercises and interpret the results.
Chemical composition, volatiles, and antioxidant activity of Rosa iberica Stev. hips

Rosehip fruits have been known to contain significa nt amounts of bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds positively affect human health due to their antioxidant activities. This study aimed to analyze the total phe nolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC), organic acids, total soluble solids (TSS), sugars, total dry matter (TDM), Lascorbic acid content (AAC), total antioxidant capa city and volatile components present in R. iberica Stev. hips using spectrophotometry, high performan ce liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Headspace and Immersion Solid Phase Micro Extra ction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS and Im-GC/MS). TSS, TDM, AAC, acidity, TAC and TPC were found to be 27, 44.6%, 503.26 mg ·100 g frozen weight (FW), 2%, 2.50 mg · 100 g FW, 2832.3 mg · 100 g FW, respectively. The major acids detected in R. iberica Stev. hips were citric acid (0.62 g · 100 g FW) and malic acid (0.49 g · 100 g FW) other detected acids included succinic acid (0.012 g · 100 g FW) and fumaric acid (0.016 g · 100 g FW). Total sugar content was 26.74 g · 100 g FW, and glucose was the major sugar (9.35 g. · 100 g FW), followed by fructose (8.58 g g · 100 g FW), sorbitol (8.32 g · 100 g FW), and very low quantities of sucrose (0.49 g · 100 g FW). Twenty-five volatile components were identifi ed using HS-GC/MS, and the major volatiles were 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) ph enol (20.35%), naphthalene (18.72%), ethanol (16.59%), nonanal (6.23%), acetic acid (4.39%), 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy (2.53%). Twenty-three volatile components of Rosa hips have been detected for the first time in this study. Twenty-eight components were identified by I m-GC/MS; however, fifteen of these components were determined to be different from tho se identified using HS-GC/MS. The FRAP value of hips was 38.55 mmol TE · g FW and the ABTS value was 47.75 mmol TE · g 1 FW.
The effect of machining processes on the physical and surface characteristics of AA2024-B4C-SiC hybrid nanocomposites fabricated by hot pressing method

In this study, an attempt was made on the AA2024 alloy based hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with different weight percentage of SiC and B4C particles to investigate their physical and machinability characteristics including surface morphology. The Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (SR) of the nanocomposites machined by various machining processes namely Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) machining, Wire Electrical Discharge (WED) machining and Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) turning processes were studied comparatively. The machined surface formed by the each machining process is examined and its surface quality was discussed for each hybrid nanocomposite. Results show that the hardness is increased to 101.6 BHN from 179.4 BHN, when 2 wt. % of B4C and SiC particles is added to AA2024 matrix. Observed from the results that the addition of 2 wt. % of B4C and SiC particles produces the highest porosity of 3.36% for nanocomposite samples. The experimental results revealed that the addition of particulates in to the matrix reduces the MRR and increases SR. MRR results showed that hybrid nanocomposites machined by AWJ technique has minimum MRR of 0.0221 mm3/min. The surface roughness of the nanocomposites machined with AWJ process was 3.2 µm and increased to 6.81 µm for the AA2024-B4C-SiC hybrid nanocomposites machined with CNC process.
Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Stover for Improved Biomethane Yield: Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources (Soybean Curd Residue and Fish Waste)

The present study investigated the effect of organic nitrogen sources, soybean curd residue (SCR), and fish meal (FW) on the anaerobic digestion of corn stover for biomethane production. The bioreactors were seeded with the corn stover (corn cob and corn sheath), soybean curd residue (SCR), and fish waste (FW) at different combinations: (CC/SCR), (CC/FW), (CS/SCR) and (CS/FW), including CC and CS alone. The fermentation was for 31 days under mesophilic conditions. Characteristics of the substrates indicate that CC and CS are good carbon and energy sources, but low in nitrogen content. Conversely, SCR and FW are rich nitrogen sources, with low organic carbon content. There was a remarkable increase in biogas production in all treatments, except CC/SCR 75:25 and CC/SCR 85:15 in which inhibitory effect was observed. The highest percentage increase (138%) in biogas was recorded in CS/SCR 85:15 (2.86 dm 3 ), and the least was CC/FW 75:25 with 1.49 dm (24.18% increase). Significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in biogas yield was in the following: CC/SCR 50:50, CC/FW 50:50, CS/SCR 85:15, CS/FW 50:50, and CS/FW Original Research Article Opurum and Odibo; JAMB, 21(1): 22-33, 2021; Article no.JAMB. 65282 23 75:25. The composition of the biogas revealed that the treatment improved biogas production as well as biomethane content, the highest being 69.44% in CS/SCR 85:15. Regression analysis of cumulative biogas yield as a function of time (t) in the different treatments that had a significant difference in biogas yield showed a good correlation between biogas yield (GY) and time (t). Improving the biodegradability of lignocellulosic wastes could lead to a boost in the development of anaerobic digestion and biogas production technology. To improve their biodegradability during anaerobic digestion, both pre-treatments and supplementation have vital roles to play.
MOTOR AND INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW

The aim of this narrative review article is to present the effects of physical activity on the motor and cognitive development of children. Early childhood is one of the most critical periods in a child's physical and intellectual development. As much as seventy percent of the brain's connections develop during the pre-school years, these connections form the basis and framework for the child's later abilities and characteristics. A physically stimulating and varied environment undoubtedly has a significant impact on the mental functions of children. The brain is designed to learn and solve problems, initially simple, later complex. The earliest challenges that the brain needs to solve are related to movement. Children solve these problems spontaneously, intuitively, and in an unstructured manner. Later, with more organized movements, children acquire various motor skills, abilities, and sensory experiences, thereby gaining a new understanding of themselves and their surroundings. These insights and experiences will equip the child for the challenges and problems they will face later in life. Children enter into social interactions and group dynamics through movement and acquire a sense of autonomy and independence. A stimulating and varied motor environment undoubtedly has a significant impact on children's intellectual function and, thus, on the development of their potential abilities.
Interferon-Beta Inhibits Human Glioma Stem Cells Rather Than Neural Stem Cells via Cell Cycle and Immune Signaling

Background: Malignant Glioma is considered to be a highly heterogeneous brain tumor, which may have originated from mutated neural stem cells (NSCs) many years before it was diagnosed. Malignant Glioma is characterized by strong self-renewal potential and immature differentiation potential. The main reason is that malignant glioma holds a key cluster cells, glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, recurrence, and treatment resistance. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) is well known for its anti-proliferative efficacy in diversity cancers. IFN-β also displayed potent antitumor results in malignant glioma. IFN-β treatments administered in response to gliomas affect both GSCs and NSCs. However, the function comparison, similarities and differences of IFN-β on GSCs and NSCs are rarely reported. Methods: We used human GSCs and NSCs to detect the response difference between two cells by IFN-β. Human GSCs were constructed by ourselves and human normal NSCs line were differentiated from human embryonic stem cells. Various concentrations of IFN-β were separately used to treat human GSCs (hGSCs) and human NSCs (hNSCs). Cell morphology, growth, expression of special stemness genes, neural-related makers or proliferation related genes were staining and observed, such as SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100-beta) and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (Ki67). Genes alterations were carefully analyzed by RNA-seq. We used
The relationship between the eddy-driven jet stream and northern European sea level variability

Abstract Wintertime sea level variability over the northern European continental shelf is largely wind-driven. Using daily gridded sea level anomaly from altimetry, we examine both the spatial and the temporal relationship between northern European sea level variability and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns as represented by the jet cluster paradigm. The jet clusters represent different configurations of the eddy-driven jet stream and, therefore, provide a physical description of the atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic. We find that each of the four jet clusters is associated with a distinct northern European sea level anomaly pattern whose magnitudes are comparable to those of typical sea level variations on the shelf. In certain locations, such as the German Bight and the east coast of England, sea level anomalies are mainly associated with one single jet cluster. In other locations, such as the interior and the northern part of the North Sea, sea level anomalies are found to be sensitive to at least two jet configurations. Based on these regional sea level variations, we map out the locations on the shelf where each jet cluster or combination of clusters is most active before discussing the role of Ekman transport in inducing the resulting patterns. Through a multiple linear regression model, we also find that the jet clusters reconstruct up to 50% of the monthly mean sea level anomaly variance over the northern European continental shelf. The model best performs in the interior and the western part of the North Sea, suggesting that wind direction rather than wind speed plays a more prominent role over these regions. We conclude that the jet cluster approach gives valuable new insights compared to linear regression techniques for characterising wind-driven sea level variability over the northern European continental shelf.
Vulnerability of smallholder agriculture to environmental change in North-Western Ghana and implications for development planning

ABSTRACT Smallholder agriculture, particularly food crop production in northern Ghana’s savannah ecological zones, is faced with several environmental change stressors and risks. However, most studies on the vulnerability of agriculture focus on socio-economic indicators with little attention to the comparative analysis of smallholder crop production’s vulnerability to different environmental stressors. This paper draws on a mixed-method research design for analyzing smallholder farmer vulnerability to various environmental stressors in the Wa Municipality. Farmers identified these stressors to include climatic factors (drought, rainstorm, and flood) and non-climatic factors (sand mining and bush fires). The results reveal vulnerability at two levels. First, smallholder farmers are more vulnerable to non-climatic environmental stressors than climatic factors. Secondly, crop-specific vulnerability analysis reveals that legumes and tubers, including beans, groundnuts, and yam, are more susceptible to climatic stressors than cereal crops. The paper underscores that urbanization and its associated patterns of consumption in housing demand are the primary drivers of these emergent vulnerability patterns. The paper emphasizes that an integrated approach to Environmental Change Adaptation Planning (ECAP) is imperative for reducing agriculture’s vulnerability to environmental change in the Municipality.
Polymeric one-side conductive Janus separator with preferably oriented pores for enhancing lithium metal battery safety

Recently, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have regained significant attention as a type of promising rechargeable energy storage device with desired high energy density and long lifetime. Nevertheless, the persistent growth of lithium dendrites during the lithium dripping/stripping process could induce severe safety issues and shorten the lifespan of LMBs, limiting their practical application. In this work, we designed a polymeric one-side conductive Janus separator with preferably oriented pores to effectively reduce the local current density of the electrode and thus minimize the active sites for the germination of lithium dendrites, while also simultaneously enhancing the ionic conductivity to stabilize the Li anode. Such Janus separators could be facilely fabricated from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyaniline (PANI) precursor aqueous solutions via directional freezing and phase inversion. Our characterization results show that the Janus separator exhibits good surface electrical conductivity on its PANI side and much enhanced ion conductivity owing to the preferably oriented pores and high porosity and also displays a good balance of flexibility and stiffness, excellent wrinkle resistance, and high thermal stability. Moreover, it is confirmed that the Janus separator with oriented pores can efficiently retard the growth of lithium dendrites and promote the formation of a uniform and stable solid electrolyte interphase layer. As a result, compared with the reference separators, including a PVA–PANI Janus separator with random pores, the Janus separator with preferably oriented pores provides cells with a stable and long cycling lifespan and a much higher coulombic efficiency. This work provides a promising new approach to safe, stable and high-performance rechargeable LMBs.
Multi-Class Assessment Based on Random Forests

Today, many students are moving towards higher education courses that do not suit them and end up failing. The purpose of this study is to help provide counselors with better knowledge so that they can offer future students courses corresponding to their profile. The second objective is to allow the teaching staff to propose training courses adapted to students by anticipating their possible difficulties. This is possible thanks to a machine learning algorithm called Random Forest, allowing for the classification of the students depending on their results. We had to process data, generate models using our algorithm, and cross the results obtained to have a better final prediction. We tested our method on different use cases, from two classes to five classes. These sets of classes represent the different intervals with an average ranging from 0 to 20. Thus, an accuracy of 75% was achieved with a set of five classes and up to 85% for sets of two and three classes.
Does liquid–liquid phase separation drive peptide folding?

Proline–arginine (PR) dipeptide repeats have been shown to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation and are an example of a growing number of intrinsically disordered proteins that can assemble into membraneless organelles. These structures have been posited as nucleation sites for pathogenic protein aggregation. As such, a better understanding of the effects that the increased local concentration and volumetric crowding within droplets have on peptide secondary structure is necessary. Herein we use Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy to show that formation of droplets by PR20 accompanies changes in the amide-I spectra consistent with folding into poly-proline helical structures.
Use of Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Different Potato Varieties to Elucidate the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Differences in Cold Resistance

Background Among the various abiotic stresses, cold is an essential factor that limits crop productivity worldwide. Low temperature affects the growth, development and distribution of agronomic species around the world. To improve the understanding of the physiological and genetic properties and functions affecting potato cold tolerance, in this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed on two potato strains (HZ88 and LS6) with different cold tolerances that were treated at low temperature for 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours. Results Transcriptomic analysis showed that there were large differences between HZ88 and LS6 regarding the expression levels of low-temperature response genes. Notably, HZ88 responds to low-temperature stress, its low-temperature response genes are primarily enriched in plant hormone signal transduction; cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis; and photosynthesis-antenna proteins. Conversely, the most significant low-temperature response genes of the LS6 strain were determined to be enriched in plant-pathogen interactions, zeatin biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. The cuticle, composed of a horny waxy layer, is an important protective barrier formed by plants to resist biotic/abiotic stress during the long-term ecological adaptation process, and the HZ88 strain may strengthen its cold resistance by enhancing this physical defence measure. In the LS6 strain, potatoes tend to cope with cold stress by strengthening their immune system and regulating hormone signal transduction. In addition, hormone pathway-related genes (such as ABA), ICE-CBF signalling pathway-related genes, and genes encoding TFs all exhibited different expression patterns between HZ88 and LS6. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the difference in cold resistance between the strongly cold-tolerant variety LS6 and the weakly cold-tolerant variety HZ88, thereby establishing a foundation for further analysis and genetic breeding.
The Preparation Method and Technology of Phospholipid Microencapsulation

The effects of various factors such as components, emulsifying conditions and spray drying conditions on the quality of phospholipid microencapsulation were investigated. On the base of single parameters’ experimental analysis, the condition of spray drying was determined, namely, the inlet air temperature 160℃, the feed temperature 45℃, the flow rate 20mL? min? 1, the outlet air temperature 114℃ and solid content 25%~30%. In order to determine the optimum condition for higher microencapsulation efficiency, orthogonal experimental design method was applied. The results reveal the optimized conditions as follows: the mass ratio between maltodextrin and gelatin is 3.5:1, shear time is 12min, shear speed is 5500r? min? 1 and inlet air temperature is 160℃. Under the optimized conditions, microencapsulating efficiency attains 68%, moisture absorption of phospholipid microencapsulation decreases obviously compared with the uncapsulated phospholipid.