Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of DNA copy number changes in sentinel lymph node breast cancer metastases

The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is considered to be the first axillary node that contains malignant cells in metastatic breast tumors, and its positivity is currently used in clinical practice as an indication for axillary lymph node dissection. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the SLN for the presence of breast metastatic cells is essential. The main aim of our study is to characterize the genomic changes present in the SLN metastatic samples with the ultimate goal of improving the predictive value of SLN evaluation. Twenty paired samples of SLN metastases and their corresponding primary breast tumors (PBT) were investigated for DNA copy number changes using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Non-random DNA copy number changes were observed in all the lesions analyzed, with gains being more common than losses. In 75% of the cases there was at least one change common to both PBT and SLN. The most frequent changes detected in both lesions were gains of 1pter→p32, 16, 17, 19, and 20 and losses of 6q13→q23 and 13q13→q32. In the PBT group, alterations on chromosomes 1, 16, and 20 were the most frequent, whereas chromosomes 1, 6, and 19 were the ones with the highest number of changes in the SLN metastatic group. A positive correlation was found between the DNA copy number changes per chromosome in each of the groups. Our findings indicate the presence of significant DNA copy number changes in the SLN metastatic lesions that could be used in the future as additional markers to improve the predictive value of SLN biopsy procedure.
An automated airlift system for open ocean aquaculture

The University of New Hampshire has been investigating the feasibility of an automated airlift system for open ocean aquaculture net pens. This research proposes a prototype depth control device based upon automatic feedback control. The automated system aims to simplify operation of the airlift, as well as reduce the number of surface connections which weather poorly. The system is actuated via pressure regulators controlling the pressure differential between a ballast chamber and the ambient water, thus controlling overall buoyancy by controlling the mass flow rate into (or from) the chamber. The control device operates on ladder logic and allows the users to interact with it using a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) system and an associated Graphical User Interface (GUI). Through experimental prototype testing, it is determined that a PID and bang-bang controlled airlift system is an effective means of controlling the airlift system. The controller actuated hardware allows for precise depth set point values as well as real-time error and disturbance rejection.
Minimum-entropy models of scene activity

We show how to learn a concise, interpretable model of scene activity directly from optical flow. The model represents the principal routes and modes of movement in complex scenes such as pedestrian plazas and traffic intersections, and supports a variety of inferences about the observed activities, including annotation, prediction, and anomaly detection. The model takes the form of a novel hidden Markov model generalization that observes a variable number of datapoints per frame (time step). A monotonic entropy-optimizing algorithm determines the parameters and structure of this model, exploiting the duality between learning and compression to produce highly predictive and interpretable models. This approach discovers minimal models of coherent motions and their switching dynamics-without tracking or prior knowledge about the spatial or temporal structure of the scene.
Knee Flexion Deformity and Patella Alta in Spastic Cerebral Palsy

A study on spastic knee flexion deformity has revealed a recurrence rate of 32 per cent following attempted surgical correction on 170 knees (103 patients). This rate appeared to be unrelated to concomitant surgery for correction of hip and ankle deformity. An additional study demonstrated patella alta in 72 per cent of 100 spastic knees (50 patients) and only 2 per cent of 50 knees of a comparable group of 25 non‐spastic patients.
Failure to Confirm the Rauscher and Shaw Description of Recovery of the Mozart Effect

The Mozart effect is an increase in spatial reasoning scores detected immediately after listening to the first movement of a Mozart piano sonata. Rauscher and Shaw (1998) suggested that failure to produce a Mozart effect could arise from carryover effects of a spatial reasoning pretest which may interfere with the effect of listening to Mozart. They cited an unpublished study in which a verbal distractor was inserted between the pretest and listening condition, and the manipulation produced the recovery of a Mozart effect. This experiment attempted to confirm the unpublished study. 206 college students were exposed to one of three sequences, pretest–Verbal distractor material–Mozart, pretest–Mozart–Verbal distractor material, and pretest–Verbal distractor material. An immediate posttest indicated no significant difference on solution of paper folding and cutting items among the three groups. The results do not support Rauscher and Shaw (1998). Our negative results are consistent with prior failures in other laboratories to produce a Mozart effect.
Intracellular Lipidation of Newly Synthesized Apolipoprotein A-I in Primary Murine Hepatocytes*

Hepatocytes, which are the main site of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression, are also the main source of circulating high density lipoprotein. Here we have characterized the intracellular lipidation of newly synthesized apoA-I, in primary hepatocytes cultured with [3H]choline to label choline-phospholipids, low density lipoprotein-[3H]cholesterol to label the cell surface, or [3H]mevalonate to label de novo synthesized cholesterol. Phospholipidation of apoA-I is significant and most evident in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and medial Golgi, both in the lumen and on the membrane fractions of the ER and medial Golgi. In the presence of cycloheximide, endogenous apoA-I is substantially phospholipidated intracellularly but acquires some additional lipid after export out of the cell. In cells labeled with low density lipoprotein-[3H]cholesterol, intracellular cholesterol lipidation of apoA-I is entirely absent, but the secreted apoA-I rapidly accumulates cholesterol after secretion from the cell in the media. On the other hand, de novo synthesized cholesterol can lipidate apoA-I intracellularly. We also showed the interaction between apoA-I and ABCA1 in ER and Golgi fractions. In hepatocytes lacking ABCA1, lipidation by low density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly reduced at the plasma membrane, phospholipidation and lipidation by de novo synthesized sterols were both reduced in Golgi compartments, whereas ER lipidation remained mostly unchanged. Therefore, the early lipidation in ER is ABCA1 independent, but in contrast, the lipidation of apoA-I in Golgi and at the plasma membrane requires ABCA1. Thus, we demonstrated that apoA-I phospholipidation starts early in the ER and is partially dependent on ABCA1, with the bulk of lipidation by phospholipids and cholesterol occurring in the Golgi and at the plasma membrane, respectively. Finally, we showed that the previously reported association of newly synthesized apoA-I and apoB (Zheng, H., Kiss, R. S., Franklin, V., Wang, M. D., Haidar, B., and Marcel, Y. L. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 21612–21621) occurs after secretion at the cell surface.
High amplification of a densovirus‐derived vector in larval and adult tissues of Drosophila

The Lepidopteran densovirus‐derived vector, pJlacZΔNS3, is a defective virus genome with an insertion of lacZ DNA in the viral structural protein coding sequence, and a deletion of the sequence coding the non‐structural polypeptide NS3. pJlacZΔNS3 was injected into Drosophila eggs and the maintenance of the viral genome was monitored by expression of β‐galactosidase and by Southern blot hybridizations. Intense β‐galactosidase activity was observed in many somatic tissues of third‐instar larvae and adult flies, in more than 60% of the injected animals. DNA analyses showed that staining in adult tissues correlated with the amplification of the vector. Together, these results suggest the occurrence of early events of integration of the vector into the Drosophila host genome.
Analysis of the origin and development of hatching gland cells by transplantation of the embryonic shield in the fish, Oryzias latipes

Hatching gland cells of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, have been observed to differentiate from the anterior end of the hypoblast, which seems to first involute at the onset of gastrulation. These results suggest that the hatching gland cells of medaka originate from the embryonic shield, the putative organizer of this fish. The present study investigated whether hatching gland cells really originate from the embryonic shield in the medaka. Transplantation experiments with embryonic shield and in situ hybridization detection of hatching enzyme gene expression as a sign of terminal differentiation of the gland cells were carried out. The analysis was performed according to the following processes. First, identification and functional characterization of the embryonic shield region were made by determining the expression of medaka goosecoid gene and its organizer activity. Second, it was confirmed that the embryonic shield had an organizer activity, inducing a secondary embryo, and that the developmental patterns of hatching gland cells in primary and secondary embryos were identical. Finally, the hatching gland cells as identified by hatching enzyme gene expression were found to coincide with the dye‐labeled progeny cells of the transplanted embryonic shield. In conclusion, it was determined that hatching gland cells were derived from the embryonic shield that functioned as the organizer in medaka.
The experiences of adolescents with osteosarcoma during the one-year of treatment in Taiwan

Osteosarcoma (OS) typically occurs during puberty. The one-year treatment for OS can be very challenging. However, little empirical research has explored the experiences of adolescents with OS. This research explored the experiences of Taiwanese adolescents with OS, utilizing a qualitative inductive content analysis with in-depth interviews and field notes that captured interviewer observations. In total, 20 participants—aged between 10 and 19 years and being treated for OS—were recruited. Ten categories were extracted: disbelief, hope for recovery and maintaining body integrity, experience with physical symptoms, inappropriate sleep hygiene, experience of psychosocial distress, use of spirituality to recover from misfortune, information acquisition, preparation to return to school, interdependence, and dedication to hope of recovery. This is the first empirical qualitative study to explore the experiences of Taiwanese adolescents with OS during treatment since being diagnosed. Close surveillance of the compliance in rehabilitation and physical function is needed. Providing age-appropriate and culture-oriented support systems would be helpful for addressing their psychosocial difficulties. Social networking sites closely moderated by health professionals may be a feasible way enhancing psychosocial well-being. Conducting a descriptive exploratory qualitative study for further development of psychosocial supportive care interventions is recommended.
The Hemodynamic Effects of Cocaine During Acute Controlled Hemorrhage in Conscious Rats

Background: Cocaine is often associated with trauma; however, little is known about how its use alters the response to blood loss. The effect of cocaine on hemodynamics following acute hemorrhage was studied in a rat model. Methods: Following baseline measurements, rats were administered either intravenous cocaine, or saline as a control. Both groups then underwent arterial catheter hemorrhage of 30% of total blood volume. Outcome variables include blood pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, pH, Pco2, Po2, and serum bicarbonate. Results: Following hemorrhage, blood pressure decreased in both groups but the hypotension was significantly greater in the saline group than the intravenous cocaine group at 0 and 5 minutes posthemorrhage. Heart rate was increased significantly for the intravenous cocaine group compared to the saline group starting at 15 minutes postcocaine and lasting for the next 25 minutes. No difference was noted for hematocrit, pH, Po2, or serum bicarbonate. Conclusion: Although transient, cocaine blunted the hypotensive response to acute controlled hemorrhage and resulted in tachycardia.
Biomarkers in pediatrics: Children as biomarker orphans

Biomarkers have enormous potential to improve patient care by establishing tests of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment effects. Successfully translating a biomarker from discovery to clinical application demands high‐quality discovery research and high‐quality clinical studies for biomarker validation; however, there are additional challenges that face biomarker research in pediatrics. There are also additional characteristics of pediatric medicine that make biomarker research especially needed. This review focuses on the fundamentals of biomarkers, the additional considerations needed for applying biomarker research to children, and recommendations for advancing pediatric biomarker research.
SiO2 electret induced by potassium ions on a comb-drive actuator

This paper reports a novel SiO2 electret on comb-drive actuator, which is formed by concise procedure and low cost. The SiO2 electret is generated by doping potassium ions and formed on vertical walls of driving electrodes in a comb-drive actuator. The current generated by the extraneous vibration was observed, so this device is thought to be useful as the vibration power generator.
Memory and aging: four hypotheses in search of data.

FAILURES OF METAMEMORY . 334 Deficient Know/edge about Memory . 334 Deficient Strategy Use . 335 Memory Monitoring . 339 Summary. 340 SEMANTIC DEFICIT HyPOTHESIS 340 Richness, Extensiveness, and Depth of Encoding . 341 Encoding and Memory . 344 Encoding Inferences . 344 General Encoding. 345 Summary. 346 IMPAIRMENT OF DELIBERATE RECOLLECTION . 347 Spared Activation and Impaired Processing of Contextual Information . 349 Deficient Self-Initiated Constructive Operations . 351 Multiple Memory Systems Approach . 352 Summary. 353 REDUCED PROCESSING RESOURCES 353 Reduced Attentional Capacity . 354 Reduced Working-Memory Capacity . 358 Cognitive Slowing. 361 Summa ry . 363 CONCLUSION 365
Bacteriophage T3- and T7-directed deoxyribonucleases

The net content of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Escherichia coli cells infected with the wild types of T3 or T7 does not change markedly throughout the latent period (A. B. Pardee and I. Williams, Ann. Inst. Pasteur 84:147, 1953; F. W. Putnam et al., J. Biol. Chem. 199:177, 1952). However, we recently described the breakdown of host DNA by "early" amber mutants of two complementation groups of both T3 and T7 (R. Hausmann and B. Gomez, J. Virol. 1:779, 1967). These combined observations suggest that, upon infection with the wild types of these phages, breakdown of host DNA also occurs but is masked by the simultaneous buildup of phagespecific DNA. Thus, the question arises whether this breakdown is related to the synthesis of phage-specific nucleases or whether phage infection renders the host DNA accessible to preexisting nucleases of the host. We think that this latter view is favored by the findings of A. B. Pardee and I. Williams (Ann. Inst. Pasteur 84: 147, 1953), who reported a relatively slight increase in deoxyribonuclease activity in host cells after infection with T3. We used different assay conditions and found that pronounced increases in deoxyribonuclease activity occurred shortly after infection with phage T3 or T7. To assay deoxyribonuclease activity in extracts of phage-infected E. coli B, we determined the amount of radioactivity released in acid-soluble form from 3H-thymidine-labeled E. coli B DNA (A. Weissbach and D. Korn, J. Biol. Chem. 238:3383, 1963). Procedures of phage-infection, harvesting of cells, and preparation of cell-free extracts were similar to those described by M. Gold et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 52:292, 1964). Assays were first conducted with incubation mixtures buffered at various pH values, and both native and alkali-denatured DNA preparations were used as substrates. We used extracts of cells harvested 10 min after infection with T3 or T7 as an enzyme source. Relative to uninfected cells, maximal increases in deoxyribonuclease activity, as compared to native DNA, were about 1.3-fold for T3-infected cells and about fourfold for T7-infected cells; as compared to denatured DNA, the relative increases were about fourand sixfold, respectively (Fig. 1). Similar results were
Multi-scale Target Tracking Algorithm with Kalman Filter in Compression Sensing

Real-time Compressive Tracking (CT) uses the compression sensing theory to provide a new research direction for the target tracking field. The algorithm is simple, efficient and real-time. But there are still shortcomings: tracking results prone to drift phenomenon, cannot adapt to tracking the target scale changes. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes to use the Kalman filter to generate the distance weights, and then use the weighted Bayesian classifier to correct the tracking position, and perform multi-scale template acquisition in the determined position to adapt to the changes of the target scale. Finally, introducing the adaptive learning rate while updating to improve the tracking effect. Experiments show that the improved algorithm has better robustness than the original algorithm on the basis of maintaining the original algorithm real-time.
Potential cancer chemopreventive agents from Arbutus unedo

A phytochemical study of the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the entire plant of Arbutus unedo led to the isolation of a new sterol, 7β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (1), and nine known compounds of the flavan, steroid, and terpenoid types. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic data interpretation in combination with molecular modeling calculations. The absolute stereochemistry of C-7 was assigned as S for compound 1 based on the obtained CD spectral data. Activity in the JB6 cell transformation assay was found for pomolic acid 3-acetate (4). All isolates obtained were evaluated in a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition assay.
Use of ceftazidime in the therapy of serious infections, including those due to multiresistant organisms

Ceftazidime was administered intravenously or intramuscularly or both in doses of 1 to 6 g per day to 33 patients with serious gram-negative bacillary infections (12 pulmonary, 10 urinary tract, 4 soft tissue, 4 intraabdominal, and 3 miscellaneous infections). Twenty-one patients were septicemic. We identified 20 isolates of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and 13 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seventeen patients had failed to respond to previous antimicrobial therapy. A total of 23 patients were clinically cured, 7 patients improved, and 3 patients failed to respond to therapy. The selection or emergence of resistant organisms during treatment (mostly Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci) was noted in 11 patients. Toxicity was minimal (reversible mild liver function abnormalities and eosinophilia). The results of this study suggest that ceftazidime is an effective and well-tolerated new cephalosporin for the therapy of serious infections due to susceptible gram-negative organisms.
EANewProg - um editor de atividades para o ambiente online NewProg

Este artigo apresenta o editor de atividades EANewProg, criado especificamente para o ambiente online NewProg, com foco no desenvolvimento de atividades para apoiar a aprendizagem de programacao por criancas do ensino fundamental. Este trabalho mostra o editor, seu funcionamento e os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre seu uso por professores do ensino fundamental.
Plasma Glucose, Insulin, Pancreatic, and Enteroglucagon Levels in Normal and Depancreatized Dogs 1

Summary and Conclusion Pancreatic glucagon (IRG), total glucagon-like immunoreactive material (GLI), enteroglucagon (calculated from GLI and IRG values), glucose, and insulin (IRI) were measured in the systemic plasma of normal and depancreatized dog. IRG, GLI, and enteroglucagon began to increase 1 or 2 days after pancreatectomy, respectively, reaching values that were several times greater than those observed before the operation. Glucose, already elevated 1 hr after pancreatectomy, continued to increase thereafter; IRI showed a progressive decline. In other experiments, 50 ml of a 5% glucose solution were injected into 30-cm loops prepared from the upper portion of the jejunum or the lower portion of the ileum and blood samples were obtained from the regional mesenteric veins. Plasma enteroglucagon rose more and plasma glucose less when glucose was introduced into the ileum than when it was introduced into the jejunum. The enteroglucagon responses to glucose were much greater in depancreatized than in normal dogs. In the depancreatized animals, a single injection of regular insulin (0.4 U/kg; im), sufficient to produce a significant elevation of the plasma IRI level but only a moderate decrease in plasma glucose, caused a prompt and significant decrease in the systemic plasma IRG, GLI, and enteroglucagon levels. We conclude that in the dogs, the ileum is a major source of enteroglucagon and that removal of the pancreas increases the secretion of this hormone, a phenomenon reversed in part by insulin therapy.
Modified tetra-primer ARMS PCR as a single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping tool.

OBJECTIVES Genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been applied in various genetic contexts. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is reported as a prominent assay for SNP genotyping. However, there were published data that may question the reliability of this method on some occasions, in addition to a laborious and time-consuming procedure of the optimization step. In the current study, a new SNP genotyping method named modified tetra-primer ARMS (MTPA) PCR was developed based on tetra-primer ARMS PCR. DESIGN AND METHODS The modified method has two improvements in its instruction, including equalization of outer primer and inner primer strength by additional mismatch in outer primers, and consideration of equal annealing temperature of specific fragments more than melting temperature of primers. Advantageously, a new computer software was provided for designing primers based on novel concepts. RESULTS The usual tetra-primer ARMS PCR has a laborious process for optimization. In nonoptimal PCR programs, identification of the accurate genotype was found to be very difficult. However, in MTPA PCR, equalization of the amplicons and primer strength leads to increasing specificity and convenience of genotyping, which was validated by sequencing. CONCLUSIONS In the MTPA PCR technique, a new mismatch at -2 positions of outer primers and equal annealing temperature improve the genotyping procedure. Together, the introduced method could be suggested as a powerful tool for genotyping single-nucleotide mutations and polymorphisms.
Isolation of Putative Progenitor Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis

Putative endothelial cell (EC) progenitors or angioblasts were isolated from human peripheral blood by magnetic bead selection on the basis of cell surface antigen expression. In vitro, these cells differentiated into ECs. In animal models of ischemia, heterologous, homologous, and autologous EC progenitors incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis. These findings suggest that EC progenitors may be useful for augmenting collateral vessel growth to ischemic tissues (therapeutic angiogenesis) and for delivering anti- or pro-angiogenic agents, respectively, to sites of pathologic or utilitarian angiogenesis.