Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Organic Supply Growth Lead to Reduced Price Premiums? The Case of Salmonids in Denmark

In this article we analyze whether markets for organic and conventional salmonids are integrated and to what extent the price premium is reduced when organic supply grows. Increased organic supply reduces prices if organic and conventional markets are independent, while price premiums remain unchanged with perfect interdependency, since conventional supply is large. With imperfect interdependency, price premium flexibility evolves. Cointegration is identified at the farm-level trout and retail-level salmon markets, while the Law of One Price (LOP) only holds in the trout market when tested without trend. Relative inverse demand indicates price premiums could decline by approximately one-quarter when the organic market share doubles. The results show organic and conventional salmonid prices are tied together and that price premiums might be reduced when organic supply increases. Price premiums might prevail when investing in organic salmonid farming, but not at the current level in the long run.
On the relevance of chaos for halo stars in the solar neighbourhood

In a previous paper based on dark matter only simulations we show that, in the approximation of an analytic and static potential describing the strongly triaxial and cuspy shape of Milky Way-sized haloes, diffusion due to chaotic mixing in the neighbourhood of the Sun does not efficiently erase phase space signatures of past accretion events. In this second paper we further explore the effect of chaotic mixing using multicomponent Galactic potential models and solar neighbourhood-like volumes extracted from fully cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, thus naturally accounting for the gravitational potential associated with baryonic components, such as the bulge and disc. Despite the strong change in the global Galactic potentials with respect to those obtained in dark matter only simulations, our results confirm that a large fraction of halo particles evolving on chaotic orbits exhibit their chaotic behaviour after periods of time significantly larger than a Hubble time. In addition, significant diffusion in phase space is not observed on those particles that do exhibit chaotic behaviour within a Hubble time.
The Effects of Message Framing and Ad Credibility on Health Risk Perception

Silvia Heideker is Research Assistant and Doctoral Student at the Chair of Business Administration, Insurance Marketing at the University of ErlangenNürnberg, Lange Gasse 20, 90439 Nürnberg, Germany, Phone: +49/911-5302-766, Fax: +49/911-5302-764, E-mail: silvia.heideker@fau.de. Martina Steul-Fischer is Professor of Business Administration, Insurance Marketing at the University of ErlangenNürnberg, Lange Gasse 20, 90439 Nürnberg, Germany, Phone: +49/911-5302-763, Fax: +49/911-5302-764, E-mail: martina.steul-fischer@ fau.de. * Corresponding author The Effects of Message Framing and Ad Credibility on Health Risk Perception
In Vitro Evaluation Of Enamel Demineralization Around The Brackets After Er-Yag Laser Irradiation And Flouride Application

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of a fluoridated agent and Er:YAG irradiation with different doses, alone or in combination, on enamel resistance to demineralization. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 80 premolars divided into eight groups: G1, untreated (control); G2, Acidic Phosphate Fluoride (APF) for 4 min; G3, 0.50 W Er:YAG laser; G4, 0.50 W Er:YAG laser + APF; G5, 0.75 W Er:YAG laser; G6, 0.75 W Er:YAG laser + APF; G7, 1 W Er:YAG laser; G8, 1 W Er:YAG laser + APF. Brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of premolars, and demineralization values were measured before and after treatment from the gingival aspects of the brackets, with DIAGNOdent. In last timepoint surface roughness was detected with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). All groups were subjected to 5 and 9 days of pH-cycling to produce artificial carious lesions. Data were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman and Duncan tests (p<0.05). Results: G1 and G7 demonstrated significant demineraliÖZGÜN ARAŞTIRMA / ORIGINAL RESEARCH Med J SDU / SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg 2018:25(3):235-242 doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.337939 235 12.09. 2017: Müracaat Tarihi / Application Date 05.10. 2017: Kabul Tarihi / Acceptance Date
Mycelial paper: A potential resource recovery process?

Eleven species of fungi representative of a broad range of cell‐wall compositions were evaluated with respect to their papermaking potential as additives to woodpulp furnishes. Some of these species were also examined for their ability to grow on a spent liquor from the pulp‐and‐paper industry. Handsheets with various levels of incorporated mycelia exhibited a wide range of species‐dependent properties. Behavior of the mycelia in the sheets can be modified to a degree by physical and chemical treatments. The overall results suggest that small amounts (5–10% of the sheet constituents) of mycelia, grown inexpensively on waste effluents, might be incorporated into wood fiber paper without serious deleterious effects on paper strength properties. In some cases improved paper is obtained, and larger quantities of mycelia might be used to impart specific properties to the product.
A Communication Model for Inter-vehicle Communication Simulation Systems Based on Properties of Urban Areas

Summary In development of inter-vehicle communication (IVC) systems, simulation technologies are very essential to verify correctness and effectiveness of protocols and applications. In this paper, we focus on a model of radio wave propagation for IVC simulation systems and propose a communication model which behaviors of radio waves are applied to. In our model, a building density and an angle between a road and a line-of-sight of two vehicles are used instead of detailed information of buildings and maps. From experimental results, our model has 81% accuracy and three times computation speed-ups in comparison with the original land mobile communication model.
Paradigm Uniformity and Analogy : The Capitalistic versus Militaristic Debate

In American English, /t/ in capitalistic is generally flapped while in militaristic it is not due to the influence of capi[ɾ]al and mili[th]ary. This is called Paradigm Uniformity or PU (Steriade, 2000). Riehl (2003) presents evidence to refute PU which when reanalyzed supports PU. PU is thought to work in tandem with a rule of allophonic distribution, the nature of which is debated. An approach is suggested that eliminates the need for the rule versus PU dichotomy; allophonic distribution is carried out by analogy to stored items in the mental lexicon. Therefore, the influence of the pronunciation of capital on capitalistic is determined in the same way as the pronunciation of /t/ in monomorphemic words such as Mediterranean is. A number of analogical computer simulations provide evidence to support this notion.
Virtual Worlds and the Transformation of the Web to 3D

The notion that the Web will transform into a three-dimensional space and that an avatar will be involved in our "travels" through this virtual world has been voiced from a range of sources. One such vision is that Second Life or a similar virtual world will grow to become this if a common grid protocol were adopted and anyone who wished could connect a server running a "space" on a compatible engine. This is, of course, very similar to how the Internet itself grew and Linden Labs has taken some steps in the direction of making this a possibility. An alternate path is offered by a new three-dimensional web browser still in beta called ExitReality. Here an attempt is made to render an existing two-dimensional web site in 3D with some thought given to how a site could be made more three dimensional by its owners. As with virtual worlds, an ExitReality avatar representing the person using the browser is incorporated into the experience and it is possible to encounter others surfing three-dimensionally with the browser as well. This paper explores the feasibility, potential, and challenges to creating a three-dimensional Web. The role that rapidly-expanding social networking on the Internet (Facebook, MySpace, etc.) may play, either in encouraging the development of the three-dimensional Web or modifying the vision by making site-localized virtual "rooms" like Yoville or Google's Lively the only three dimensionality attached to sites, is explored. Diffusion of innovations theory is applied to address factors that are likely to affect the adoption of a threedimensional web and which of the possible paths will be most likely to succeed.
University of Groningen Advances in complex endovascular aortic surgery

Objective: The fenestrated Anaconda endograft (Vascutek, Renfrewshire, Scotland) was introduced in 2010 and showed promising short-term results with high technical success and low morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to present the midterm results, with a minimum of 12 months follow-up, for all patients treated with the fenestrated Anaconda endograft in The Netherlands. Methods: Patients treated with the fenestrated Anaconda endograft between May 2011 and February 2015 were included. Follow-up consisted of computed tomography angiography at 1 month and 1 year, and duplex ultrasound yearly thereafter with additional computed tomography angiography if indicated using a standard protocol. Results: A total of 60 patients were included; 48 patients (80.0 %) were treated for juxtarenal aneurysms, and 12 (20.0 %) were short-neck infrarenal aneurysms. Mean aneurysm size was 64 ± 9 mm. A total of 140 fenestrations were incorporated. Median follow-up was 16.4 months (interquartile range 11.9-27.4). The 30-day mortality was 3.4 % (n = 2). Kaplan-Meier estimates for 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival were 91.4 %, 89.5 %, and 86.3 %, respectively, without aneurysm-related mortality during follow-up. Main body primary and secondary endograft patencies were 98.3 % and 100 %, respectively. Target vessel primary and secondary patencies were 95.0 % and 98.6 %, respectively. Early type IA endoleaks occurred in seven patients (11.7 %) and spontaneously resolved in all patients. At 1-year follow-up 4 (6.7 %) type II endoleaks persisted. One patient experienced aneurysm rupture because of a late type III endoleak attributable to a dislodged renal stent and subsequently underwent successful conversion to open surgery. Conclusions: The fenestrated Anaconda is a viable treatment option for complex abdominal aortic aneurysms. Acceptable mortality and morbidity and low reintervention rates contribute to good midterm results. Occurrence of early type I endoleak was relatively common, but these resolved spontaneously in all patients. Fenestrated Anaconda Midterm results
Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion and associated factors among women in North Ethiopia

Literature shows that cervical cancer is very prevalent among women living in low resource settings. Once it progresses to invasive cervical cancer, its cost is very high. Thus, screening cervical cancer is highly recommended in poor settings including Ethiopia, where the disease burden is very high. However, little is documented on the prevalence and determinants of precancerous cervical lesion among healthy women. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with precancerous cervical lesion among women working in Almeda textile factory, Adwa, North Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 20 to 25, 2016 among women working in Almeda textile factory in North Ethiopia. Three hundred forty-two women were included in this study. Data were collected using a structured checklist. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the precancerous cervical lesion. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. The mean (± SD) age of the respondents included in this study was 32.95 (± 6.94). In this study, the overall prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was 6.7% (95% CI: 4.4, 9.6). Being infected with sexually transmitted infections [AOR=49.88, 95% CI: (16.59, 149.91)] was significantly associated with the precancerous cervical lesion. In conclusion, the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was high among women working in Almeda textile factory in North Ethiopia. Therefore, cervical cancer screening and treatment services should be initiated and expanded to reduce morbidity from cervical cancer and its adverse effects. Key words: Precancerous cervical lesion, screening, Ethiopia.
Comparative dispersal of larvae from demersal versus pelagic spawning fishes

We conducted ichthyoplankton surveys on the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand, to address 2 questions: (1) Are certain types of reef fish larvae more likely to be dispersed on an exposed temperate coast? (2) Is larval dispersal more strongly associated with taxa that have pelagic eggs? Analyses were based on 492 plankton net samples collected perpendicular to the shore (0.05, 2, 4 and 6 km offshore) and parallel to the shore (0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 km alongshore) from a rocky reef environment. We caught 60 taxa belonging to 32 families, but 11 taxa accounted for 97% of all larvae collected. Only these common taxa were considered further. Larvae from the 3 taxa with pelagic eggs (Sprattus spp., Aldrichetta forsteri and Rhombosolea plebeia) showed varying degrees of dispersal that ranged from increased abundance close to shore to no clear pattern with distance from shore or alongshore from a rocky reef environment. Larvae from the 1 viviparous taxon (un- identified scorpaenids) were more abundant close to shore. Larvae from the 2 taxa with freshwater demersal eggs (unidentified retropinnids and galaxiids) had disparate patterns of offshore and along- shore dispersal. Retropinnids occurred almost exclusively at the nearshore stations, but galaxiids were more abundant further from shore and were only found nearshore adjacent to a river mouth. Larvae from the 5 taxa that hatched from marine demersal eggs (unidentified tripterygiids, Forsterygion spp., Gilloblennius tripennis, Grahamina capito and Ruanoho decemdigitatus) were all more common further from shore. For the taxa in this study, we reject the hypothesis that reef fish larvae that hatch from non-pelagic eggs are retained mostly or exclusively near reefs on an exposed coast. Broad-scale dispersal of fish larvae may provide benefits in terms of predator avoidance, re- colonisation of habitats and risk-spreading, but it carries with it the increased risk of unfavourable advection that may delay or even prevent recruitment.
A FOURTH-ORDER NONLINEAR CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD AND TRUST REGIONS IN UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

This paper presents a fourth-order nonlinear conjugate gradient method and trust regions in unconstrained optimization. The method has been designed to solve unconstrained optimization problems with high accuracy. It is based on a nonlinear polynomial approximation of the objective function. The idea is to approximate the minimizing function byTaylor series expansion using fourth-order terms. The algorithms are presented by steps and some properties of the gradients are proved, using classical results. Also, the convergence analysis has been proved under classical and known assumptions. The main algorithm generates adequate trust region radius iteratively and has a global convergence property. Numerical results are presented and compared to some existing results by Dolan Moore’s performance profile. The analysis of results confirms that this method is accurate, since the computed results are very close to the exact solutions.
Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil catalyzed by whole cells of Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanogenum SRY 14-3

The main obstacle to using lipase as a catalyst in industrial scale biodiesel production is the cost and availability of the enzyme. To overcome this obstacle, the potential of using a whole cell biocatalyst (for at least partial in situ lipase production) was evaluated as a means to reduce the cost of the lipase. The reaction conditions for biodiesel production via transesterification between Jatropha curcas (physic nut) oil and methanol when catalyzed in the presence of lipase-producing Aureobasidium pullulans yeast cells was investigated. The appropriate conditions for optimal biodiesel production were found to be 1:3 oil:methanol molar ratio at 30°C with constant stirring at 250 rpm. Under these conditions a maximum fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) production level of 71.8% was obtained after 72 h. Keywords: Lipase, Aureobasidium pullulans , physic nut oil, biodiesel, green energy African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(27), pp. 4380-4386
Checking well-formedness of pure-method specifications ( Full Paper )

Contract languages such as JML and Spec# specify invariants and preand postconditions using side-effect free expressions of the programming language, in particular, pure methods. For such contracts to be meaningful, they must be well-formed: First, they must respect the partiality of operations, for instance, the preconditions of pure methods used in the contract. Second, they must enable a consistent encoding of pure methods in a program logic, which requires that their specifications are satisfiable and that recursive specifications are well-founded. This paper presents a technique to check well-formedness of contracts. We give proof obligations that are sufficient to guarantee the existence of a model for the specification of pure methods. We improve over earlier work by providing a systematic solution including a soundness result and by supporting more forms of recursive specifications. Our technique has been implemented in the Spec# programming system.
The relations of vascular endothelial growth factor–C and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients

Giris: Meme kanseri (MK) dunya capinda en sik gorulen 2. kanserdir ve vakalarin cogu sporadiktir. MK yayilim icin esas olarak lenfatik sistemi secer ve aksiller lenf dugumleri (LN) siklikla bu yayilimda rol alir. Lenf nodu metastazi (LNM), tumor kaynakli lenfanjiyojenik buyume faktorleri, ozellikle vaskuler endotelyal buyume faktoru (VEGF) ailesi tarafindan yonlendirilir. MK vakalarinda daha yuksek oranda serum VEGF-C duzeyleri tespit edilmistir.Bu calismada, tumor orneklerinde VEGF-C ekspresyon paternini ve immunohistokimyasal olarak LNM ile VEGF-C ekspresyonunun iliskisini arastirmayi amacladik. Yontemler: Bu klinik calismada, Nisan 2006 ile Mart 2007 arasinda cerrahi tedavi alan primer invaziv duktal meme kanserli 22 kadin hastadan Parafine gomulu ornekler alindi. MK doku kesitleri VEGF-C antikoru ile boyandi ve boyanma siddeti ve yogunluguna gore degerlendirildi. Istatistiksel analiz, Windows icin SPSS 15.0 surumu kullanilarak gerceklestirildi. Tum analizlerde, 0.05'ten kucuk bir ‘p’ degeri istatistiksel olarak anlamli kabul edildi ve karsilastirmalar 2 yonlu olarak yapildi. Bulgular: Tani aninda ortalama yas 50 idi (dagilim: 24-82 yil). Bu calismada, SI ve SS VEGF-C ekspresyonu temelinde LNM ile istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir iliski bulunmazken, hesaplanan IRS - degisken olarak LNM ile iliskili gozlenmistir. Tumor derecesi ise ne VEGF-C ekspresyonu ne de lenf nodu metastazi ile belirgin iliskili gozlenmemistir (p> 0,05). Sonuc: VEGF-C IRS skoru ve aksiller lenf nodu duzeyi ile ilgilesiminin istatistiksel olarak anlamli oldugu dikkati cekmektedir. Bu calismada, MK hastalarinin tumoral orneklerinde LNM ile VEGF-C iliskisini IHC boyamasi ile gosterdik.
Designing patent policies suited to developing countries needs

Despite the internationalization of the patent system that started morethan one century ago and, particularly, the establishment of minimum standardsof protection under the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual PropertyRights (TRIPS), States still enjoy a certain degree of discretion to determinekey substantive aspects relating to the grant of patents. Initiatives for furtherharmonization of the system have not materialized yet. Recent trends in somedeveloped countries point to a drastic relaxation of the standards of patentability,particularly in connection with the inventive step. Developing countries neednot follow the same approach; they may apply strict standards of patentabilitycompatible with their innovation systems and reward incremental innovationsby means of utility models rather than patents. They may also develop rules todeal with the specificities of traditional knowledge.
Mitigation of Power System Oscillations Using STATCOM-Based PDD Damping controller

The menace of losing stability following a disturbance is one of the results of such a stressed system. Shunt Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) namely static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) can play important role to enhance power system stability. To more reduction of power system oscillations, a supplementary damping controller is very essential for STATCOM. A maiden attempt has been made to implement Proportional-Double Derivative (PDD) structure as a supplementary damping controller for STATCOM. To demonstrate robustness of proposed damping controller, it has been compared with Proportional-Integral (PI), Lead-Lag (LL) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. Also, dynamic performance of these controllers is evaluated under three different conditions of disturbance in Single-Machine Infinite-Bus (SMIB) power system. The Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) optimization technique due to have high sufficiency to solve the very non-linear objective is applied for solution of the optimization problem. The obtained results of the power system stability improvement in SMIB power system reveal the robustness of STATCOM-based PDD damping controller. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono implementacje regulatora proporcjonalno-podwojnie-rozniczkującego (PDD), do tlumienia oscylacji w kompensatorze STATCOM. Dokonano porownania dzialania proponowanego regulatora z klasycznymi strukturami jak: PI, LL, PID. Przeprowadzono badania w trzech roznych stanach dynamicznych. Do optymalizacji regulatora wykorzystano algorytm genetyczny RCGA. Wyniki badan potwierdzily, zwiekszoną stabilnośc systemu, a co za tym idzie niezawodnośc i skutecznośc dzialania regulatora. (Redukcja oscylacji mocy przy uzyciu kompensatora STATCOM – wykorzystanie regulatora PDD)
Secure Trust Based Key Management Routing Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

Security is always a major concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Several trust based routing protocols are designed that play an important role in enhancing the performance of a wireless network. However they still have some disadvantages like limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, and little protection against various attacks due to insecure wireless communication channels. This paper presents a secure trust based key management (STKF) routing framework that establishes a secure trustworthy route depending upon the present and past node to node interactions. This route is then updated by isolating the malicious or compromised nodes from the route, if any, and a dedicated link is created between every pair of nodes in the selected route with the help of “” composite random key predistribution scheme (RKPS) to ensure data delivery from source to destination. The performance of trust aware secure routing framework (TSRF) is compared with the proposed routing scheme. The results indicate that STKF provides an effective mechanism for finding out a secure route with better trustworthiness than TSRF which avoids the data dropping, thereby increasing the data delivery ratio. Also the distance required to reach the destination in the proposed protocol is less hence effectively utilizing the resources.