Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical Analyses Related to University Patenting

Patenting by universities has seen a marked increase in the past two decades. According to the National Science Foundation (NSF), patents issued by the United States Patent Office (USPTO) to U.S. academic institutions more than doubled from 2,293 in 1996 to 5,990 in 2014, the most recent year the NSF has compiled data (National Science Board 2016). As a share of all patents granted, academic institutions accounted for about 2% in the same time period. Patenting by universities of faculty inventions has an even longer history in the United States, however, stretching back to the early 20th century. For much of that time, especially until 1980, the year of passage of the seminal Bayh–Dole Act, the appropriateness of this activity as one of the many missions of U.S. universities was itself a subject of debate. This chapter begins with a brief outline of this debate and summarizes university patenting through this period. It then discusses the Bayh–Dole Act, which facilitated patenting and licensing of federally funded university inventions. The chapter concludes by describing the empirical research on university patenting in the last twenty years, highlights some of the unresolved issues within this literature, and suggests new avenues for research.
Real-time IoT Urban Road Traffic Data Monitoring using LoRaWAN

Inductive loop detection (ILD) systems have been used extensively within cities as an effective and reliable method of monitoring road traffic conditions through the detection and counting of vehicles. However, the existing ILDs systems suffer from numerous issues, including the complexity of integration with other technologies, high equipment cost and tedious management and maintenance processes. Next-generation traffic monitoring systems need to be future proof and flexible, capable of adapting to any surface or road condition, in addition to maintaining the accuracy offered by existing solutions. Improving upon the concept of standard inductive loop technology used in existing traffic detection and monitoring will be a significant step forward in achieving smarter uncongested cities. This paper presents an innovative, effective and reliable end-to-end inductive loop monitoring solution using a low-cost dual-loop detection board integrated with low power wide area network (LPWAN) connectivity technology. The proposed solution has proven its robustness, accuracy and simplicity over the existing solution in initial experimentation, providing a real-time view of road conditions at low operational and capital expense, and comparatively trivial management.
On a possibility to develop a full-potential orbital-free modeling approach

We studied a principal opportunity to develop a full–potential orbital–free method for modeling of multi–atomic systems using results of Kohn– Sham calculations for single atoms. We have obtained equilibrium bond lengths and binding energies for homoatomic dimers Li 2 , Be 2 , B 2 , C 2 , N 2 , O 2 , F 2 , Na 2 , Mg 2 , Al 2 , Si 2 , P 2 , S 2 , and Cl 2 as well as for heteroatomic dimers CSi, CB, CN, CO, SiO, NO, AlO, AlC, and NaCl. We analyzed our results and concluded that they are coordinated with experimental data not worse, than the results received by means of full-electrons calculations by the Kohn–Sham method.
The Impact of Remittances on Economic Activity: The Importance of Sectoral Linkages

We propose a simple macroeconomic model with input-output sectoral linkages based on Acemoglu et al. (2016) to quantify how changes in aggregate demand due to additional income from household’s remittances propagates through the network of input-output linkages in Sub-Saharan African countries. We first propose two network centrality measures to assess the role of some sectors as key input providers in the economy. Then, we use these measures to quantify the effect of sectoral linkages on sectoral and total output following an increase in remittances inflows. Our empirical results suggest that the effects of remittances on recipient economies increase with the degree of linkages across sectors, which is especially prominent in the case of the financial intermediation sector. Our paper contributes to the emerging macroeconomic literature on the propagation of shocks across sectors and the implications for the whole economy.
Digital Virtual Simulation Experiment Design of Consumer Behavior in Smart Classroom Scenario

—This work provides a specific experimental teaching paradigm for the establishment and application of the social context aware system under the smart classroom. The paper studies the physical context aware system based on the smart classroom, and generates the original big data by constructing the Consumer Behavior Cyber-physical system. And then, the dimensionality reduction of the data is processed to form a reliable data source for deep learning, and the TRIZ theory method is used to develop the virtual simulation experiment design of the specific consumption scene. The research has a positive exploration of the virtual simulation experiment of economic and management behaviors, and also verifies the practical application value of virtual simulation frontier technology in experimental teaching.
Determination of Complex Permittivity of Low-Loss Materials From Reference-Plane Invariant Transmission/Reflection Measurements

In this paper, a novel method is proposed to determine unique and stable relative complex permittivity of low-loss materials from the transmission/reflection (TR) measurements, though the positions of the materials under test are unknown. The proposed method systematically combines artificial neural network (ANN) models with the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method. Firstly, an ANN model is established to estimate the position of the sample in the transmission line. Secondly, the NRW method is adapted to estimate the relative complex permittivity, and the unique solutions are selected with the help of dielectric properties. Thirdly, the noniterative technique in the literature is adapted to avoid the instabilities in the relative complex permittivity. Finally, the $S$ -parameters of the amplitude-only or transmission-only measurements are used to accurately determine the relative complex permittivity. The proposed method is experimentally validated by two samples. The simulated data are used to further validate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results of the proposed method based on the transmission-only measurements are the most accurate.
Impacts of Retail and Export Demand on United States Cattle Producers

Despite its importance in many decisions throughout agriculture, limited empirical work has quantified how changes in primary demand impact producers operating at different levels of vertically‐connected industries. A structural system of equations was estimated to quantify the impacts of U.S. retail and export beef demand on fed and feeder cattle demand and supply. Increases in retail and export demand positively impact both feeder and fed cattle producers. The estimated transmission elasticities suggest that shifts in retail and export demand, whether positive or negative, accrue proportionally more to feeder cattle producers than fed cattle producers. Using estimates from previous literature of the effect of generic advertising on beef demand, simulation results suggest feeder and fed cattle producers would benefit from increasing beef checkoff assessments from $1 to $2. Furthermore, an increase in export demand of more than 3.5% from observed values would cover aggregate costs of implementing source and age verification. While primary suppliers are often not directly involved in primary demand activities in vertically‐connected industries, this study highlights the key economic value for primary suppliers to support demand enhancing activities.
Training in practice

The surge of interest in the development of vocational training for general practice has been in welcome contrast to the depressed morale of doctors in general in recent years. With a White Paper on compulsory training requirements now imminent discussion of some of the related problems will be aided by a critical review from the Oxford Regional Health Authority. ' The rdport, Development of Training for General Practice-A Region's Experience, represents a distillate of several years' experience in one of the best-known training schemes in the country. Among the more controversial issues discussed are the selection of training practices, the training of teachers, and the conduct of teaching itself. It is only four years since Irvine's report,2 assessing teaching practices on three factors (the qualifications of the teachers; their professional research and educational activities; and their practice organisation and facilities), encouraged most regions to adopt similar procedures-while recognising local strengths and weaknesses. The Oxford review provides impressive evidence of how quickly the emotive issue of professional assessment by a peer group has been overcome to the apparent advantage of training in the region. A prospective trainer or training practice is visited informally by the regional adviser and then formally by two general practitioner assessors. Candidates are interviewed by a local appointment committee, and practices rather than individuals are appointed. Though minimum criteria are suggested, few appear to be insisted on beyond the facility for simultaneous consultation by trainer and trainee. Of Oxford's 55 teaching practices, 89% have separate treatment rooms, 7300 a health visitors' office, and 69% a conference or common room. Almost all (9400) of teachers have access to obstetric beds, and 310% have access to general medical beds. Trainees in set-ups lacking various features of practice organisation have special arrangements made to correct the consequent gaps in experience. Three-quarters of the teachers are aged 35-50; the controversial issue of their qualifications is played down-possession of the MRCGP diploma by examination, debated elsewhere,3 4 is not required. If it is perhaps a little difficult to believe that possession of an electrocardiograph is an essential for a good teaching practice, this is balanced by approval of the emphasis on a reasonable allocation of time per consultation. Four out of every five teaching practices allocated 10 or fewer patients to a consulting hour, and none saw more than 12 per hour. Flexibility in the appointment of trainers is balanced by a
Choice of Location among Entrepreneurs in MSMES: A Comparative Study with Special Reference to the Northern and Southern Regions of Kerala

Entrepreneurship is considered as the engine of economic growth and development. The choice of location by a prospective entrepreneur assumes great role in deciding entrepreneurial development in regions. The location which is backward regions. It is in this context, the present paper examines location choices of entrepreneurs in MSMES preferred more, is likely to have development and growth of entrepreneurship. Identifying factors influencing location choice is important for developing entrepreneurially. The study has found that there is significant difference in choice of location for entrepreneurship between the regions in a State and as compared to another region, the region with comparatively lesser infrastructural facilities is preferred lesser for pursuing their entrepreneurial dreams.
Sociodemographic factors associated with adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV patients receiving free Antiretrovirals at Bapong Community Health Centre.

The aim of this quantitative study was to establish the sociodemographic factors associated with adherence among HIV/AIDS patients at Bapong Community Health Centre (CHC) in order to make recommendations to improve adherence to ART. The researcher distributed 37 self-completion questionnaires to all the 37 patients at the ART clinic at Bapong CHC, all of which were completed. The research population included all the HIV-positive patients attending the Bapong CHC aged eighteen years old and above and were on ART for more than thirty days. Thirty-seven (37) patients were included in the study out of the 1200 patients attending the Bapong CHC by randomly sampling five patient file numbers of the patients attending the ART clinic at the Bapong CHC on a particular day. The study was conducted over a period of four months with data collection and analysis conducted in less than a month, in January 2012. The researcher found that the numbers in this research study were generally too small with only one statistically significant result, of all the sociodemographic factors that were investigated that of those whose CD counts were less than 50ml/uL at the start of treatment were more likely to default than those who had higher CD levels (Odds ratio 8.33, p value 0.03 Fisher exact). Although the other findings were not significant, the study showed findings that were very important to Bapong CHC. Recommendations were made to improve ART adherence, and to conduct another study with larger samples to achieve statistical significant findings. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Automatic Gender Identification and Reinflection in Arabic

The impressive progress in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications has increased the awareness of some of the biases these NLP systems have with regards to gender identities. In this paper, we propose an approach to extend biased single-output gender-blind NLP systems with gender-specific alternative reinflections. We focus on Arabic, a gender-marking morphologically rich language, in the context of machine translation (MT) from English, and for first-person-singular constructions only. Our contributions are the development of a system-independent gender-awareness wrapper, and the building of a corpus for training and evaluating first-person-singular gender identification and reinflection in Arabic. Our results successfully demonstrate the viability of this approach with 8% relative increase in Bleu score for first-person-singular feminine, and 5.3% comparable increase for first-person-singular masculine on top of a state-of-the-art gender-blind MT system on a held-out test set.
An Ultra-Low-Jitter, mmW-Band Frequency Synthesizer Based on Digital Subsampling PLL Using Optimally Spaced Voltage Comparators

This article presents a cascaded architecture of a frequency synthesizer to generate ultra-low-jitter output signals in a millimeter-wave (mmW) frequency band from 28 to 31 GHz. The mmW-band injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM) placed at the second stage has a wide bandwidth so that the performance of the jitter of this frequency synthesizer is determined by the GHz-band, digital subsampling phase-locked loop (SSPLL) at the first stage. To suppress the quantization noise of the digital SSPLL while using a small amount of power, the optimally spaced voltage comparators (OSVCs) are presented as a voltage quantizer. This article was designed and fabricated using 65-nm CMOS technology. In measurements, this prototype frequency synthesizer generated output signals in the range of 28–31 GHz, with an rms jitter of less than 80 fs and an integrated phase noise (IPN) of less than −40 dBc. The active silicon area was 0.32 mm2, and the total power consumption was 41.8 mW.
The Method for Semantic Similarity Based on Concept Distance

Semantic matching is an important problem of service discovery. In order to find effective services, a method for semantic concept similarity is proposed. The method calculates the concept similarity between the parameter concepts of services by directly using the distance relationship between the concept nodes in the classification tree. And uses the nonlinear function to calculate the similarity and redefine the concept-based similarity between concepts. The new method effectively solves problems in existing algorithms and further improves precision. Finally, theoretical analysis and experimental result reveals the validity of the proposed method.
Consequential LCA of demountable and reusable internal wall assemblies: a case study in a Belgian context

The transition from a linear to a circular economy is essential to reduce the environmental burden of our society. A key issue is to prevent a shift of the environmental burdens and take the consequences of a decision into account, for example based on a consequential life cycle assessment (LCA). However, limited practical guidance is available on how to implement consequential LCA in the context of the construction sector. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold. First, to quantify the potential environmental and burdens of introducing circular design alternatives for internal wall assemblies to the Belgian market. Second, to review the methodological implications on the results of a consequential LCA with a particular focus on consistently identifying marginal suppliers and substitution routes, acknowledging the time dependence and closed-loop nature of the design alternatives. In total seven wall assemblies are assessed over a period of 60 years, with a refurbishment every 15 year. The results show that a low life cycle impact can be achieved for assemblies that are designed to be used again and have a higher initial impact, such as a plywood boarding connected reversibly to a demountable metal frame substructure, as well as for assemblies with no possibilities for direct reuse that have a low initial impact, such as a drywall system with a wooden substructure. Further, regarding the methodological scenarios on marginal supplier identification, the range of possible outcomes is however much larger for the demountable wall assemblies than for the conventional ones.
Gateway Supported Security Enhancement in the Internet of Things(IoT)

Now a days, the popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a very rapid development and significant advancement of ubiquitous applications seamlessly that are integrated within our daily life. Owing to the accompanying growth of the importance of privacy, a great deal of attention has focused on the issues of secure management and robust access control of IoT devices. In this paper, we propose the design of a blockchain connected gateway which adaptively and securely maintains user privacy preferences for IoT devices in the blockchain network. Individual privacy leakage can be prevented because the gateway effectively protects sensitive data from being accessed without their consent. A robust digital signature an encryption mechanism is proposed for the purposes of authentication and secure management of privacy preferences. Furthermore, we adopt the blockchain network as the underlying architecture of data processing and maintenance to resolve privacy disputes.
Customer-based Business Model for Digital Start-up Sustainability

Digital startup enterprises have a high rate of failure. One of the reasons for failure is a not working business model due to the lack of customer involvement in the company. Then aim of this study is to identify the effect of customer participation, business model, and sustainable performance on startup enterprises. This study is organized in 2018 through a one shoot cross section. The study’s unit of analysis is digital-based startup enterprises in Indonesia, with 100 founder(s) or the manager(s) of the enterprises as the unit of observation. The analysis is done through regression-based path analytic. The result of this study shows that customer participation has an influence on business model, business model has an influence on sustainable performance, and customer participation has an influence on sustainable performance through business model. The implication of this study is the importance of developing business model and involving the customers in the enterprise to support the sustainability of digital startup enterprises in Indonesia. Keywords—business model; customer participation; sustainable performance; digital; start-up
Sepsis: Current Perspectives in Pathophysiology and Therapy

I. Definition/Prognosis. - Sepsis and Septic Shock: Update on Definitions. - Clinical Manifestations and Prognostic Indicators in Sepsis. - What Determines Prognosis in Sepsis? Evidence for a Comprehensive Individual Patient Risk Assessment Approach to the Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials. - A Scoring System for Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. - II. Pathogenesis. - Endotoxemia and Sepsis: Important Roles for Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and CD14 in Endotoxin Signal Transduction. - Bacterial Exotoxins and Sepsis. - Bacterial Translocation: Myth versus Reality. - Tumor Necrosis Factor and Other Cytokines in Septic Syndrome. - Role of Oxygen Free Radicals in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis. - III. Pathophysiology. - Cardiocirculation in Sepsis. - A Current View of Oxygen Supply Dependency. - Sepsis and Nutritional Blood Flow. - Endothelial Cell Function in the Critically Ill. - Sepsis and Cellular Metabolism. - IV. Monitoring. - Monitoring of O2 Transport and Tissue Oxygenation in Septic Shock. - V. Therapy. - Sepsis-Related Problems in Pediatric Patients. - Definitions and Therapy of Sepsis. - Role of Surgical Intervention in the Prevention and Therapy of Sepsis. - Antibacterial Treatment of Sepsis. - Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in Invasive Fungal Infections of Intensive Care Unit Patients. - Fluid Therapy in Sepsis. - Influence of Catecholamines on Regional Perfusion and Tissue Oxygenation in Septic Shock Patients. - Metabolic Changes in Sepsis - Can the Host Response be Influenced Metabolically? - VI. New Therapeutic Approaches. - Is there a Place for Monoclonal Antibodies Against Endotoxin in the Therapy of Sepsis? - Endotoxin in Septic Shock. - Tumour Necrosis Factor as a Therapeutic Target in Sepsis. - Tumor Necrosis Factor-Neutralization with a Specific Monoclonal Antibody. - Cardiovascular Effects of Repeated Administration of the F(ab')2 Fragment of an Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor-? Monoclonal Antibody in Patients with Severe Sepsis. - Modulating Effects of Pentoxifylline on Cytokine Release Syndromes. - The Treatment of Sepsis with Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist. - The Function and Potential Therapeutic Value of Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein During Gram- Negative Sepsis: Recombinant Expression and Promoter Studies. - Platelet-Activating Factor: Pathophysiological Changes and Therapeutic Implications in Sepsis. - Potential of Oxyradical Scavengers in the Therapy of Sepsis. - N-Acetylcysteine in Sepsis. - Immunoaugmentation: A Contribution to Prophylaxis and Treatment of Sepsis? - What Is Certain in the Treatment with Immunoglobulins? - Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Sepsis: What is the Role of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition? - Improvement of Monocyte Function A New Therapeutic Approach? - From Localized Angioedema to Generalized Capillary Leak Syndrome. - Potential for Gene Therapy in the Treatment of Sepsis. - VII. Specific Therapeutic Aspects. - Step-by-Step Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. - Perfluorocarbons as an Alternative Respiratory Medium.