Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When and why delaunay refinement algorithms work

An "adaptive" variant of Ruppert's Algorithm for producing quality triangular planar meshes is introduced. The algorithm terminates for arbitrary Planar Straight Line Graph (PSLG) input. The algorithm outputs a Delaunay mesh where no triangle has minimum angle smaller than about 26.45° except "across" from small angles of the input. No angle of the output mesh is smaller than arctan [(sin θ*)/(2-cos θ*)] where θ* is the minimum input angle. Moreover no angle of the mesh is larger than about 137°, independent of small input angles. The adaptive variant is unnecessary when θ* is larger than 36.53°, and thus Ruppert's Algorithm (with concentric shell splitting) can accept input with minimum angle as small as 36.53°. An argument is made for why Ruppert's Algorithm can terminate when the minimum output angle is as large as 30°.
In vitro effect of danazol on endometrioma cells in culture.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of danazol on endometrioma cells in culture, in relation to cell proliferation. STUDY DESIGN Danazol has been shown to be effective in treating endometriosis, leading to remission. The mode of action is through suppression of gonadotropins. A direct effect on endometriosis implants has been suggested. This study was conducted on endometrioma cell lines using various concentrations of danazol in ethanol solution. RESULTS Danazol showed a decrease in proliferation ofendometrioma cells in culture. This was also associated with an increase in apoptosis and necrosis ofcultured cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the direct effect of danazol on endometrioma cells in culture.
Comparison of Pretreatment Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes for Alcohol-, Cocaine-, and Multisubstance-Dependent Patients

Abstract We investigated whether pretreatment characteristics and measures of outcome differed for alcohol-, cocaine-, and multisubstance-dependent patients receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment. One hundred and forty substance dependent individuals (32 alcohol, 76 cocaine, and 32 multisubstance) enrolled in a 12-week outpatient treatment program were compared across measures of addiction severity, personality, and treatment-readiness at admission. In-treatment, end-of-treatment and 9-month follow-up assessments of treatment outcome were then compared across the three groups. Outcome measures included reduction in problem severity, abstinence, retention, number of sessions attended, dropout, and counselor and patient ratings of treatment benefit. At admission, the multisubstance group had a higher proportion of positive urines, reported more severe drug, alcohol and psychiatric problems, and displayed higher impulsivity and anxiety scores than one or both of the other groups. However, multisubstance patients were more treatment ready in terms of adopting a total abstinence orientation than alcohol or cocaine patients. While a significant reduction in symptoms occurred for the total sample during treatment as well as at follow-up, comparisons of outcomes did not consistently favor any particular group. The three groups had equivalent improvements in eleven of fourteen during-treatment and five of seven follow-up measures. Despite pre-treatment differences, in severity and treatment-readiness, outcomes were more similar than different for alcohol-, cocaine-, and multisubstance-dependent patients. Clinicians should be cautious about forecasting treatment-outcomes for addicted patients based on their primary substances of abuse.
DIVERSITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF SKELETONEMA SPECIES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL, SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN 1

We examined the morphology of Skeletonema species occurring in coastal waters of southern Brazil, on the basis of LM, SEM, and TEM analyses of six isolated strains and of 13 field samples from the Patos Lagoon estuary and the adjacent Cassino Beach. We concluded that the genus Skeletonema is highly diverse in coastal waters of southern Brazil, with the occurrence of four confirmed species: S. costatum, S. pseudocostatum, S. potamos, and S. tropicum. In addition, EM details must still be provided for S. menzelii, and genetic studies should be conducted to confirm the identity of S. cf. grethae and S. subsalsum. The high diversity in this geographic area can be attributed to the proximity of the Subtropical Convergence and to the freshwater ecosystems of Patos Lagoon and La Plata River that favor the presence of warm‐, cold‐, and brackish‐water species.
Complexity of Nilpotent Unification and Matching Problems

We consider the complexity of equational unification and matching problems where the equational theory contains a nilpotent function, i.e., a function f satisfying f(x, x)=0 where 0 is a constant. We show that nilpotent unification and matching are NP-complete. In the presence of associativity and commutativity, the problems still remain NP-complete. However, when 0 is also assumed to be the unity for the function f, the problems are solvable in polynomial time. We also show that the problem remains in P even when a homomorphism is added. An application of this result to a subclass of set constraints is illustrated. Second-order matching modulo nilpotence is shown to be undecidable.
Liver Resection for Transplantable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Long-Term Survival and Role of Secondary Liver Transplantation

Background/Purpose:Liver transplantation (LT) is the best theoretical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) fulfilling the Milan criteria (TNM stages 1–2). However, LT is limited by organ availability and tumor progression on the waiting list. Liver resection (LR) may represent an alternative in these patients. The aim of this study is to report the results of LR in transplantable patients. Patients:From 1990 to 2007, 274 patients underwent liver resection for HCC. Sixty-seven (24%) met the Milan criteria on pathologic study of the specimen. Ten were TNM stage 1 and 57 stage 2 and all had chronic liver disease. There were 56 men and 11 women with a mean age of 63. LR included 12 major hepatectomies, 14 bisegmentectomies, 14 segmentectomies, and 27 nonanatomic resections. Thirty-seven resections were performed through a laparoscopic approach and there were only 8 open resections since 1998. Results:Three patients died postoperatively (4.5%), none after laparoscopic resection. Morbidity rate was 34%. After a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, 36 patients (54%) developed intrahepatic tumor recurrence. Twenty-eight (77%) were again transplantable of which 16 (44%) were transplanted. Two additional patients underwent pre-emptive LT (ie before recurrence). When considering 44 patients <65 years at the time of resection (ie upper age limit for LT), the rates of recurrence, transplantable recurrence, and intention to treat salvage transplantation (patients with transplantable recurrence actually transplanted) were 59%, 80%, and 61%, respectively. Overall and disease free 5-year survival rates were 72% and 44%, respectively. Survival was not influenced by TNM stage 1 or 2, AFP level, tumor differentiation, or the presence microscopic vascular invasion. Survival after salvage LT was 70% and 87% when calculated from the date of LT and LR, respectively. Conclusion:LR for small solitary HCC in compensated cirrhosis yields an overall survival rate comparable to upfront LT. Despite a significant recurrence rate, close imaging monitoring after resection allows salvage LT in 61% of patients with recurrence on intention to treat analysis.
Development of a fuzzy controller for liquid level by using Raspberry pi and Internet of Things

In the control of industrial processes, liquid level control is one of the most basic but extremely important, PID controllers are used very often for the realization of control in these processes however, the rigor of obtaining a mathematical model that describe the plant to automate makes the adjustment of a controller of this type be very complicated, This article shows the development of a controller that uses an alternative method such as fuzzy logic which allows to perform intelligent control of this process, the controller is implemented in a Raspberry pi 3 in a remote location away from the plant to be controlled, the controller will communicate with the sensors and actuators of the plant with a Wi-Fi network so it will receive the measurements of the sensors and send the control instructions to relevant actuators.
Candida famata Fungemia in a Cancer Patient: Case Report

Although non-albicans Candida spp. organisms are emerging pathogens, especially in immunocompromised hosts, Candida famata belongs to an extremely rare species causing infections in humans. Out of 1,663 candidemias within 20 years, reported by Clancy et al. in 1998, and 1,591 other candidemias reviewed by Wingard in 1995, there were no reports of fungemia due to C. famata 1,2. The first two cases of fungemia due to C. famata were observed in a European survey performed by Viscoli et al. in 1999 3. However, one case of peritonitis due to C. famata in a patient on perinatal dialysis was described by Quindos in 1994 in what was the first invasive C. famata infection in humans 4. Here we describe the fourth case of fungemia due to C. famata. A 24-year old female was admitted because of liver carcinoma associated with severe hypoglycemia. She received 3 courses of antineoplastic chemotherapy with cis-platin (cis DDP) and etoposide (VP16), which were not associated either with mucositis or neutropenia. Chemotherapy was administered through central venous catheter, placed 12 days before onset of fungemia. Four days after the third cycle of chemotherapy she developed fever 38.3°C. Three blood cultures were obtained and initial antibiotic therapy with intravenous ciprofloxacin plus ampicillin-sulbacJournal of Chemotherapy Vol. 12 n. 2 (189-190) 2000
Standard-Essential Patents

A major policy issue in standard setting is that patents that are ex ante not that important, by being included into a standard, may become standard-essential patents. In an attempt to curb the monopoly power that they create, most standard-setting organizations require the owners of patents covered by the standard to make a loose commitment to grant licenses on reasonable terms. Such commitments unsurprisingly are conducive to litigation. This paper builds a framework for the analysis of these patents, identifies several types of inefficiencies attached to the lack of price commitments, and shows how structured price commitments restore competition and why such commitments may not arise spontaneously in the marketplace.
Evaluation of the formation of oxidants and by-products using Pt/Ti, RuO2/Ti, and IrO2/Ti electrodes in the electrochemical process

The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of oxidants and by-products by using different electrode materials, such as Pt/Ti, RuO2/Ti, and IrO2/Ti, in the electrochemical process. The harmful by-products and were formed during the electrolysis of a Cl− electrolyte solution, as well as active chlorine, which is the most common water disinfectant. With regard to drinking water treatment, the most efficient electrode was defined as that leading to a higher formation of active chlorine and a lower formation of hazardous by-products. Overall, it was found that the Pt/Ti electrode should not be used for drinking water treatment applications, while the IrO2/Ti and RuO2/Ti electrodes are ideal for use.
Antennal sense organs of female Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).

The types, numbers, and distribution of antennal sense organs of female Culex tarsalis Coquillett are reported. There are about 1025 sense organs on the flagellum which are classified as 2 types of sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, 3 types of sensilla trichodea, and sensilla campaniformia. Except for the first few basal segments, the pointed-tipped sensilla trichodea are fairly evenly distributed on the flagellum. The number of type I blunttipped sensilla trichodea decrease distally while the sensilla basiconica increases. Type II blunt-tipped sensilla trichodea occur 1 per segment. Electron micrographs show a light tip on the sensilla basiconica indicating a decrease in thickness of the cuticle. A central canal in the basiconica is visible with the light microscope. Using the crystal violet staining technique for detecting permeable sense organs, it was found that the sensilla basiconica took up the stain as well as the type I blunt-tipped sensilla trichodea.
Development of a serious game for Portuguese Sign Language

Human-computer interaction by gesture recognition has been a technology increasingly powerful and with a wide range of applications. The aim of this research is to take advantage of these resources and tools, developing an application for gesture recognition in Portuguese Sign Language (PSL) focused in helping disabled deaf and/or mute and hearing children to learn PSL. The PSL involves the use of hands and facial expressions to interact, where the output of the communication (“talk”) comes from the hands and/or body and the input comes from the eyes observation (“hear”). This paper presents a serious game for children in the 1st cycle (primary Portuguese school) between the ages of 6 to 10 years. The game is based on a story, in order to promote the motivation of the students in the learning of the Portuguese Sign Language.
Buck-type wide-range dimmable LED driver

For many LED applications, the dimming control is required in saving the energy consumptions. However, the wide-range dimming cannot be achieved due to the minimum on-time and switching frequency at low dimming level. In this paper, a buck-type wide-range dimmable LED driver is designed and implemented. According to the different percentage of dimming, the buck converter can operate in QR mode, frequency limitation with the valley switching, frequency reduction mode, and burst mode with the primary-side control scheme. By changing the parameters of the PI controller, the LED current can still be estimated precisely in burst mode. Therefore, the ideally linear wide-range dimming can be achieved by the proposed primary-side control scheme. Finally, the buck-type LED driver with the universal input voltages 90–264 Vrms applied to 42 V/ 8 W LED lamps is implemented. The dimming range is from 100 % to 1 %. The line regulations at 100 % and 1 % dimming are both lower than 5 %. The power factor is higher than 0.96 and the total harmonic distortion is lower than 20 % in the universal input voltage range. The highest efficiency is 94.67%.
Maximality in effective topology

In this paper we continue the study of the structure of the lattice of recursively enumerable (r.e.) open subsets of a topological space. Work in this approach to effective topology began in Kalantari and Retzlaff [5] and continued in Kalantari [2], Kalantari and Leggett [3] and Kalantari and Remmel [4]. Studies in effectiveness of results in structures other than integers began with the work of Specker [17] and Lacombe [8] on effective analysis. The renewed activity in the study of the effective content of mathematical structures owes much to Nerode's program and Metakides' and Nerode's [11], [12] work on vector spaces and fields. These studies have been extended by Kalantari, Remmel, Retzlaff, Shore and Smith. Similar studies on the effective content of other mathematical structures have been conducted. These include work on topological vector spaces, boolean algebras, linear orderings etc. Kalantari and Retzlaff [5] began a study of effective topological spaces by considering a topological space with a countable basis ⊿ for the topology. The space X is to be fully effective; that is, the basis elements are coded into ω and the operations of intersection of basis elements and the relation of inclusion among them are both computable. An r.e. open subset of X is then represented as the union of basic open sets whose codes lie in an r.e. subset of ω.
Neuroprotection in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: An Antiinflammatory Approach Using a Novel Broad-Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitor

Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury is associated with a developing inflammatory response with pathologic contributions from vascular leukocytes and endogenous microglia. Signaling chemokines orchestrate the communication between the different inflammatory cell types and the damaged tissue leading to cellular chemotaxis and lesion occupation. Several therapies aimed at preventing this inflammatory response have demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy in experimental models of stroke, but to date, few investigators have used the chemokines as potential therapeutic targets. In the current study, the authors investigate the neuroprotective action of NR58–3.14. 3, a novel broad-spectrum inhibitor of chemokine function (both CXC and CC types), in a rat model of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. Rats were subjected to 90 minutes of focal ischemia by the filament method followed by 72 hours of reperfusion. Both the lesion volume, measured by serial magnetic resonance imaging, and the neurologic function were assessed daily. Intravenous NR58–3.14. 3 was administered, 2 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 mg/kg · hour constant infusion for the entire 72-hour period. At 72 hours, the cerebral leukocytic infiltrate, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)-like cytokines were analyzed by quantitative immunofluorescence. NR58–3.14. 3 significantly reduced the lesion volume by up to 50% at 24, 48, and 72 hours post–middle cerebral artery occlusion, which was associated with a marked functional improvement to 48 hours. In NR58–3.14. 3-treated rats, the number of infiltrating granulocytes and macrophages within perilesional regions were reduced, but there were no detectable differences in inflammatory cell numbers within core ischemic areas. The authors reported increased expression of the cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-8–like cytokines within the ischemic lesion, but no differences between the NR58–3.14. 3-treated rats and controls were reported. Although chemokines can have pro-or antiinflammatory action, these data suggest the overall effect of chemokine up-regulation and expression in ischemia–reperfusion injury is detrimental to outcome.
Lineage and clonal development of gastric glands.

Individual gastric glands of the stomach are composed of cells of different phenotypes. These are derived from multipotent progenitor stem cells located at the isthmus region of the gland. Previous cell lineage analyses suggest that gastric glands, as in the colon and small intestine, are invariably monoclonal by adult stages. However, little is known about the ontogenetic progression of glandular clonality in the stomach. To examine this issue, we employed an in situ cell lineage marker in female mice heterozygous for an X-linked transgene. We found that stomach glands commence development as polyclonal units, but by adulthood (6 weeks), the majority progressed to monoclonal units. Our analysis suggests that at least three progenitor cells are required to initiate the development of individual gastric glands if they are analyzed just after birth. Hence, unlike the colon and small intestine, stomachs showed a significant fraction (10-25%) of polyclonal glands at adult stages. We suggest that these glands persist from polyclonal glands present in the embryonic stomach and hypothesize that they represent a subpopulation of glands with larger numbers of self-renewing stem cells.
The changing face of epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in Europe

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are an increasingly common complication in critically ill patients in Europe and are frequently fatal. Because of changes in treatment strategies and the increased use of antifungal prophylaxis, the epidemiology of IFDs has changed substantially in recent years and infections due to Candida species are no longer the majority in many institutions. In contrast, the emergence of non‐Candida IFDs such as aspergillosis, zygomycosis and fusariosis has increased. European surveys indicate that Candida albicans is responsible for more than half the cases of invasive candidaemia; however, the occurrence of non‐albicans‐related IFDs appears to be increasing. Rates of IFD‐related mortality in Europe depend on the pathogen, geographical location and underlying patient characteristics, with rates ranging from 28 to 59% for Candida infections and from 38 to 80% for invasive aspergillosis. Early initiation of antifungal therapy is critical for improving outcomes; however, this is complicated by the difficulty in diagnosing IFDs rapidly and accurately. The introduction of new extended‐spectrum azole antifungal agents (e.g. voriconazole, posaconazole) and echinocandins (e.g. micafungin, caspofungin, anidulafungin) has increased the number of therapeutic options for early therapy. Choice between agents should be based on a variety of factors, including spectrum of activity, adverse events, drug interactions, route of administration, clinical efficacy of individual agents and local epidemiology.
The making of female fertility: Anthropological perspectives on a bodily issue

The cultural and social context of sexuality among the Maasai of Tanzania was described based on case studies, focus groups, interviews, and observation. There were about 300,000 Maasai concentrated along the border with Kenya who engaged in livestock herding. Distinctive features of this agricultural group were age hierarchies and power relations between men of various ages. The formal system determined gender relations and the passage into womanhood. Boys were circumcised at about 16-18 years of age, which marked their entry into the warrior age set system. During the next 7-8 years these young adults lived separate lives in all ways (location, dress, diet, and code of conduct) and were under the authority of the elders. Young men were not allowed to marry or to engage in sexual activity with married women. Through rituals, the young men developed strong bonds. The cultural meaning of sexuality emphasized physical strength, nutritious food, and good health. Premarital sexual activity occurred between warriors and prepubescent girls aged 10 years and older at special homes or in secret places. The aim was not pleasure but experience. The emphasis was on the number of partners and the number of ejaculations. Penetration was achieved gradually and under the direction of mothers; care was taken not to physically harm the girls. Girls selected their sexual partners and publicly announced their selection at a ritual milk drinking occasion. Girls without male partners were subjected to forced penetration amid laughter. There was never any shame or guilt, unless brothers were present. There was genital openness, but not lewdness or depreciation. Virginity was not important, not considered an embarrassment, and signified someone without interest in the opposite sex. The early sexual debut was considered necessary for the girls' health and breast development. Girls were circumcised at 13-15 years of age. After circumcision, the girl was allowed to marry, which brought with it restricted sexual behavior. Many married girls have revolted against the patriarchal system and engaged in secret, illicit sexual relations. Uncircumcision was construed to mean infertility and the possibility of deformed children. The womb was considered the source of life.
High performance gate first HfSiON dielectric satisfying 45nm node requirements

We show an ALD based HfSiON gate dielectric scaled to 1 nm EOT with excellent performance and reliability. Furthermore, the HfSiON dielectric films are integrated in a gate first approach that includes a 1000degC-5s anneal. It is also demonstrated that this 1 nm EOT HfSiON can achieve electron and hole mobilities comparable to that of SiON. This progress is enabled due to better understanding of the relationship between charge trapping, HfSiON thickness and crystallinity. Performance and reliability improvement is attributed to reduced charge trapping due to suppressed crystallization of the optimized HfSiON films