Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flexibility of thought in high creative individuals represented by percolation analysis

Significance Creative thinking requires flexibility, which facilitates the creation of novel and innovative ideas. However, so far its role in creativity has been measured via indirect measures. We propose a quantitative measure of flexibility based on the robustness of semantic memory networks to attack, assuming that the higher robustness, the higher the flexibility of the network. We show how the semantic network of high creative individuals is more robust to attack, thus more flexible. This is a direct computational investigation on flexibility of semantic memory and creativity. Our approach can be applied to more general questions such as high-level cognitive capacities and clinical populations suffering from atypical thought processes. Flexibility of thought is theorized to play a critical role in the ability of high creative individuals to generate novel and innovative ideas. However, this has been examined only through indirect behavioral measures. Here we use network percolation analysis (removal of links in a network whose strength is below an increasing threshold) to computationally examine the robustness of the semantic memory networks of low and high creative individuals. Robustness of a network indicates its flexibility and thus can be used to quantify flexibility of thought as related to creativity. This is based on the assumption that the higher the robustness of the semantic network, the higher its flexibility. Our analysis reveals that the semantic network of high creative individuals is more robust to network percolation compared with the network of low creative individuals and that this higher robustness is related to differences in the structure of the networks. Specifically, we find that this higher robustness is related to stronger links connecting between different components of similar semantic words in the network, which may also help to facilitate spread of activation over their network. Thus, we directly and quantitatively examine the relation between flexibility of thought and creative ability. Our findings support the associative theory of creativity, which posits that high creative ability is related to a flexible structure of semantic memory. Finally, this approach may have further implications, by enabling a quantitative examination of flexibility of thought, in both healthy and clinical populations.
Mieloma múltiple en paciente joven con enfermedad renal poliquística

La enfermedad renal poliquistica (ERP) esta caracterizada por la expansion progresiva de multiples lesiones quisticas las cuales comprometen la funcion del parenquina renal. Recientemente han sido clonados 3 tipos diferentes de genes que estan asociados con la mutacion que causa esta enfermedad. La ERP representa aproximadamente del 8-10 % de los pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica terminal (ERCT) en Estados Unidos y Europa 2 y el 5,1 % en Cuba, segun estudios realizados por Almaguer. La observacion que solamente la mitad de los pacientes con ERP alcanza la ERCT hacia
ASSESSMENT FREQUENCY OF STRESSORS IN CLINICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN NURSING & MIDWIFERY FACULTY

Background & Aim: Stress is one of the essential problems in clinical education that can be an obstacle on the way of nursing education and affects its efficiency so for preventing its outcomes, stressors should be known and eliminated. The purpose of this study is assessing stressors in clinical education of Nursing & Midwifery students in Urmia. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive correlational study 146 Nursing & Midwifery students were selected via census in Urmia and entered the study with purpose of determining stressors in clinical study. For collect the data two-part questionnaire was used. The first part includes 20 questions related to demo-graphic data and the second part of the researcher-made questionnaire was related to stressors in five domains. Psychometric tools was made by content validity method and reliability test (Cronbach's alpha). Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 16). Descriptive, mean (standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney & Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used in this study. Results : Participants in the present study were 146 students, 70.5% female and 91.1% single with the average age of 21.32% ± 1.64 years old. 63% were nursing students and 47% were Midwifery students; 78.8% were living in dormitories. The most stressors with order concludes in the domain of humiliating conflicts (reminder of the master in the presence of patient or his family) in the domain of stressors in educational environment( loss of welfare utilities in the department) in the domain of clinical stressors( seeing unwell patients in persecution) in the domain of unpleasant feelings( being worried about transfer of contagious illnesses) and in the domain of interpersonal relationships( being unfair of treatment team about you and other students) Conclusion: the results of the present study it seems that determining clinical stressful resources and the ways of confronting it are the most important program in managing the stress of the students to be stable and apprentice in their jobs after graduation. So it is suggested that people in charge of Nursing & Midwifery faculties hold in-service training educational workshops and make committees to make and improve the skills of the masters for reducing the stress of environments.
Plant acclimation to long-term high nitrogen deposition in an N-rich tropical forest

Significance Elevated atmospheric N deposition threatens ecosystem health through eutrophication in terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about consequences of N deposition in N-rich tropical ecosystems. We added several levels of N to an N-rich tropical forest and monitored plant growth dynamics, forest nutrient status, plant water use, and water losses from the ecosystem for a decade. We found that plants can acclimate and maintain nutrient balance by altering hydrological cycling. These results demonstrate that while elevated N deposition to already N-rich tropical forests may have minor effects on forest growth, it can exert a detectable influence on hydrological dynamics. Reduced runoff may threaten water supply in rapidly developing tropical regions. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition has accelerated terrestrial N cycling at regional and global scales, causing nutrient imbalance in many natural and seminatural ecosystems. How added N affects ecosystems where N is already abundant, and how plants acclimate to chronic N deposition in such circumstances, remains poorly understood. Here, we conducted an experiment employing a decade of N additions to examine ecosystem responses and plant acclimation to added N in an N-rich tropical forest. We found that N additions accelerated soil acidification and reduced biologically available cations (especially Ca and Mg) in soils, but plants maintained foliar nutrient supply at least in part by increasing transpiration while decreasing soil water leaching below the rooting zone. We suggest a hypothesis that cation-deficient plants can adjust to elevated N deposition by increasing transpiration and thereby maintaining nutrient balance. This result suggests that long-term elevated N deposition can alter hydrological cycling in N-rich forest ecosystems.
Replication of genome‐wide association signals of type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese in a prospective cohort

Background A recent genome‐wide association study for type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese identified several novel genetic variants. We investigated their associations with quantitative measures to explore the mechanism by which these variants influence glucose homoeostasis. We also examined whether these variants predict progression to diabetes in a large prospective family based Chinese cohort.
Origin, antigenicity, and function of a secreted form of ORF2 in hepatitis E virus infection

Significance Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a main cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that HEV-infected cells release a secreted form of ORF2 protein (ORF2S) but its origin and function are unknown. Here we demonstrate that ORF2S and ORF2C (the actual capsid protein) are different translation products and that ORF2S is not essential for the HEV life cycle but inhibits antibody-mediated neutralization of HEV. Our results have important implications for understanding the HEV replication cycle and immune evasion mechanisms. The identified internal start codon in this study is highly conserved in most HEV strains, suggesting that the production of ORF2S is an evolutionary conserved function for HEV. The enterically transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) adopts a unique strategy to exit cells by cloaking its capsid (encoded by the viral ORF2 gene) and circulating in the blood as “quasi-enveloped” particles. However, recent evidence suggests that the majority of the ORF2 protein present in the patient serum and supernatants of HEV-infected cell culture exists in a free form and is not associated with virus particles. The origin and biological functions of this secreted form of ORF2 (ORF2S) are unknown. Here we show that production of ORF2S results from translation initiated at the previously presumed AUG start codon for the capsid protein, whereas translation of the actual capsid protein (ORF2C) is initiated at a previously unrecognized internal AUG codon (15 codons downstream of the first AUG). The addition of 15 amino acids to the N terminus of the capsid protein creates a signal sequence that drives ORF2S secretion via the secretory pathway. Unlike ORF2C, ORF2S is glycosylated and exists as a dimer. Nonetheless, ORF2S exhibits substantial antigenic overlap with the capsid, but the epitopes predicted to bind the putative cell receptor are lost. Consistent with this, ORF2S does not block HEV cell entry but inhibits antibody-mediated neutralization. These results reveal a previously unrecognized aspect in HEV biology and shed new light on the immune evasion mechanisms and pathogenesis of this virus.
Alterations in synaptic function in epilepsy

Epilepsy often results from a brain insult. Herein, I describe the complex time‐dependent alterations in glutamatergic and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic circuitry triggered by the initial insult. I will relate these modifications to the occurrence of the first spontaneous seizure, the development of epileptogenic networks, and associated cognitive deficits. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Implantable Energy‐Harvesting Devices

The sustainable operation of implanted medical devices is essential for healthcare applications. However, limited battery capacity is a key challenge for most implantable medical electronics (IMEs). The human body abounds with mechanical and chemical energy, such as the heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation, and the oxidation–reduction of glucose. Harvesting energy from the human body is a possible approach for powering IMEs. Many new methods for developing in vivo energy harvesters (IVEHs) have been proposed for powering IMEs. In this context energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric effect, triboelectric effect, automatic wristwatch devices, biofuel cells, endocochlear potential, and light, with an emphasis on fabrication, energy output, power management, durability, animal experiments, evaluation criteria, and typical applications are discussed. Importantly, the IVEHs that are discussed, are actually implanted into living things. Future challenges and perspectives are also highlighted.
Adolescent acromegaly and decreased arterial distensibility despite successful treatment

Objective Cardiovascular complications that are probably related to the loss of arterial elasticity, such as secondary hypertension, occur frequently in patients with acromegaly and may persist after the condition has been treated. The aim of the study was to determine arterial compliance in adolescent patients with acromegaly who had undergone surgery to remove the adenoma in the pituitary gland. This is thought to be the first study on such patients.
Hepatotoxicity and cutaneous reactions after antithyroid drug administration

Use of the antithyroid drugs (ATDs) thiamazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) is associated with a high frequency of side effects. When patients experience side effects with one (the 1st) ATD, it is usually discontinued and another is administered (the 2nd ATD). We investigated side effects associated with the 1st and 2nd ATDs.
Vulnerability of Arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route

Significance The Arctic is experiencing unprecedented rates of sea ice loss in concert with expanding anthropogenic activities that may have compounding effects on marine ecosystems. The Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route have recently seen the advent of commercial traffic, raising questions of how to juggle economic development and conservation. Here we show the vulnerability of 80 subpopulations of seven endemic Arctic marine mammal species to vessel traffic across the Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route during the open-water season, accompanied by estimates of uncertainty that highlight additional research needs. As global, national, and local organizations sharpen their focus on the Arctic, our results provide a framework to evaluate environmental impacts to the region’s most iconic and sensitive species. The fabled Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route that were once the quests of early Western explorers are now increasingly sea ice–free, with routine vessel transits expected by midcentury. The potential impacts of this novel vessel traffic on endemic Arctic marine mammal (AMM) species are unknown despite their critical social and ecological roles in the ecosystem and widely recognized susceptibility to ice loss. We developed a vulnerability assessment of 80 subpopulations of seven AMM species to vessel traffic during the ice-free season. Vulnerability scores were based on the combined influence of spatially explicit exposure to the sea routes and a suite of sensitivity variables. More than half of AMM subpopulations (42/80) are exposed to open-water vessel transits in the Arctic sea routes. Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) were estimated to be most vulnerable to vessel impacts, given their high exposure and sensitivity, and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were estimated to be the least vulnerable because of their low exposure and sensitivity. Regions with geographic bottlenecks, such as the Bering Strait and eastern Canadian Arctic, were characterized by two to three times higher vulnerability than more remote regions. These pinch points are obligatory pathways for both vessels and migratory AMMs, and so represent potentially high conflict areas but also opportunities for conservation-informed planning. Some of the species and regions identified as least vulnerable were also characterized by high uncertainty, highlighting additional data and monitoring needs. Our quantification of the heterogeneity of risk across AMM species provides a necessary first step toward developing best practices for maritime industries poised to advance into this rapidly changing seascape.
Imaging of peripheral vascular disease

This illustrated review article gives an evidence-based update on the different modalities used for imaging peripheral vascular disease (duplex ultrasound, computed tomog- raphy angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography). After discussing the latest technological developments for each modality, their limitations are also highlighted. The evidence is presented for the various modalities' roles in the imaging of peripheral vascular disease, including problem-solving applications. The strengths and weak- nesses of each modality are therefore critically appraised, including the salient technological, clinical, and fi nancial aspects. This review allows the general and specialist practitioner to make an informed decision on how best to deploy imaging tests in peripheral vascular disease as part of an evidence-based approach. The article concludes with a rational imaging algorithm for the investigation of peripheral vascular disease.
The relative efficacy of three recovery modalities following professional rugby league competition matches

This study investigated the relative efficacy of post game recovery modalities on jump height performance, subjective ratings of muscle soreness and muscle damage 1, 18, and 42 hours following professional rugby league competition games. Twenty-one professional rugby league players performed three different recovery modalities (cold water immersion {CWI}, contrast water therapy {CWT} and active recovery {ACT}). The effects of the recovery treatments were analyzed with mixed modeling with a covariate included (fatigue score) to adjust for changes in the intensity of each match on the post-match values of dependent variables. Standardization of effects was used to make magnitude-based inferences, presented as mean; ±90% confidence intervals. CWI and CWT clearly improved jump height performance (CWI 2.3; ±3.7%, CWT 3.5%; ±4.1%), reduced muscle soreness (CWI -0.95; ±0.37, CWT -0.55; ±0.37), and decreased creatine kinase (CWI -11.0; ±15.1%, CWT 18.2; ±20.1% ) by 42 hours post game compared to ACT. CWT was however clearly more effective compared to CWI on the recovery of muscle soreness and creatine kinase by 42 hours post game. We therefore recommended CWT recovery following team contact sport.
Muscle‐Inspired Highly Anisotropic, Strong, Ion‐Conductive Hydrogels

Biological tissues generally exhibit excellent anisotropic mechanical properties owing to their well‐developed microstructures. Inspired by the aligned structure in muscles, a highly anisotropic, strong, and conductive wood hydrogel is developed by fully utilizing the high–tensile strength of natural wood, and the flexibility and high‐water content of hydrogels. The wood hydrogel exhibits a high–tensile strength of 36 MPa along the longitudinal direction due to the strong bonding and cross‐linking between the aligned cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in wood and the polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer. The wood hydrogel is 5 times and 500 times stronger than the bacterial cellulose hydrogels (7.2 MPa) and the unmodified PAM hydrogel (0.072 MPa), respectively, representing one of the strongest hydrogels ever reported. Due to the negatively charged aligned CNF, the wood hydrogel is also an excellent nanofluidic conduit with an ionic conductivity of up to 5 × 10−4 S cm–1 at low concentrations for highly selective ion transport, akin to biological muscle tissue. The work offers a promising strategy to fabricate a wide variety of strong, anisotropic, flexible, and ionically conductive wood‐based hydrogels for potential biomaterials and nanofluidic applications.
Principes d’utilisation du traitement anticoagulant chez le sujet âgé en médecine

Auteur(s) :, Isabelle Mahe* Service medecine, hopital Lariboisiere 2, rue Ambroise-Pare, 75010 Paris, France *isabelle.mahe@lrb.ap-hop-paris.fr Indications des antithrombotiques et âge Les indications des traitements antithrombotiques chez le sujet âge sont tres proches de celles du sujet plus jeune : en fait, dans les recommandations, aucune precision ou distinction n’est faite selon l’âge du patient, sauf dans le cas de la fibrillation auriculaire. En cas d’IDM a la phase [. ]
International Journal of Medical Informatics

Background: Around the world, populations are aging and there is a growing concern about ways that older adults can maintain their health and well-being while living in their homes. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic literature review to determine: (1) the levels of technology readiness among older adults and, (2) evidence for smart homes and home-based health-monitoring technologies that support aging in place for older adults who have complex needs. Results: We identiﬁed and analyzed 48 of 1863 relevant papers. Our analyses found that: (1) technology-readiness level for smart homes and home health monitoring technologies is low; (2) the highest level of evidence is 1b (i.e., one randomized controlled trial with a PEDro score ≥ 6); smart homes and home health monitoring technologies are used to monitor activities of daily living, cognitive decline and mental health, and heart conditions in older adults with complex needs; (3) there is no evidence that smart homes and home health monitoring technologies help address disability prediction and health-related quality of life, or fall prevention; and (4) there is conﬂicting evidence that smart homes and home health monitoring technologies help address chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: The level of technology readiness for smart homes and home health monitoring technologies is still low. The highest level of evidence found was in a study that supported home health technologies for use in monitoring activities of daily living, cognitive decline, mental health, and heart conditions in older adults with complex needs.
Nível de esclarecimento dos portadores de diabetes no que diz respeito à patologia e seu tratamento: aspectos nutricionais, medicamentosos e atividade física

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de esclarecimento dos pacientes diabéticos atendidos no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley João Pessoa-PB. A amostra foi composta por 41 diabéticos com idade entre 40 e 85 anos, sendo 25 mulheres 16 homens. Para coleta dos dados foi realizada uma entrevista individual através de um questionário. O presente estudo evidencia uma maior prevalência 100% do diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Quanto aos fatores de risco, 78% tinham antecedentes familiares, 70,7% possuem sobrepeso ou obesidade, 68,3% tinham baixo grau de escolaridade. Das complicações relacionadas ao diabetes, 17,0% apresentaram neuropatia periféricas, 14,6%, problemas de visão. Em relação a atividade física, 85,4% sabem da importância da mesma, porém 65,9% não praticam nenhuma atividade física, 56,1% dos casos são os médicos que recomendam esta prática, 82,9% afirmaram ter alguma dificuldade de realizar atividade física regularmente, dos quais 39,0% relatam não ter disposição, a grande maioria 90,2% faz dieta. Com esses resultados, acredita-se que a educação do diabético por meio de uma equipe de saúde multiprofissional, capacitada para o cuidado desse grupo, poderia evitar ou reduzir, de forma significativa, os fatores de risco e surgimento de complicações decorrentes do diabetes.