Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Deprivation and Health: Which Reference Groups Matter? Eiji Mangyo Graduate School of International Relations International University of Japan

We examine the extent to which self-reported health and psycho-social health are affected by relative economic status in China, for the first time examining the importance of reference groups not defined by geographic location or demographic characteristics. We propose a methodology to address potential bias from subjective reporting biases and control for unobserved community characteristics. Analyzing a nationally representative dataset from China, our findings support the relative deprivation hypothesis and suggest that relatives and classmates are salient reference groups for urban residents and neighbors are important for rural residents. JEL codes: I12, O15, O53 1 We thank the Editor and two anonymous referees for very helpful comments.
CLOSED INVERSE SUBSEMIGROUPS OF GRAPH INVERSE SEMIGROUPS AMAL ALALI

As part of his study of representations of the polycylic monoids, M.V. Lawson described all the closed inverse submonoids of a polycyclic monoid Pn and classified them up to conjugacy. We show that Lawson’s description can be extended to closed inverse subsemigroups of graph inverse semigroups. We then apply B. Schein’s theory of cosets in inverse semigroups to the closed inverse subsemigroups of graph inverse semigroups: we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a closed inverse subsemigroup of a graph inverse semigroup to have finite index, and determine the value of the index when it is finite. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 20M18 Secondary 20M30, 05C25
MULTIPLE SYMMETRIC INVARIANT NON TRIVIAL SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC VARIATIONAL SYSTEMS

In the present paper we prove a multiplicity result for a model quasilinear elliptic system, coupled with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition (Sλ) on the unit ball, depending on a positive parameter λ. By variational methods, we prove that for large values of λ, the problem (Sλ) has at least two non-zero symmetric invariant weak solutions.
Modeling and optimization of packet forwarding performance in software-definedWAN

As a novel network paradigm, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) offers numerous benefits for wide-area networks (WAN), like promoting application performance and reducing deployment costs. However, it also comes along with an inherent penalty to essential network performance such as packet forwarding delay, primarily due to the involvement of logically centralized controllers. This paper is motivated to provide an accurate queueing system of packet forwarding performance in software-defined WAN based on modeling its controller cluster and OpenFlow switches. In particular, we approximate the packet-in message processing of the controller cluster as an M/M/n queue based on the derivation of its message arrival process. Meanwhile, we characterize the packet processing of an OpenFlow switch as an M/G/1 queue after taking an insight into its packet switching process. As a further step, we build an optimization model of controller cluster deployments to obtain the optimal number of controllers in the cluster. Finally, our proposed queueing model of SDN controller cluster is evaluated with the prevalent benchmark OFsuite_Performance by experiments, and their results indicate that our proposed model provides a more accurate approximation of controller cluster performance. Furthermore, we perform numerical analysis on packet forwarding delay and solve the optimal number of controllers for different varying parameters, which offer effective guidelines for software-defined WAN deployments. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Digging into user control: perceptions of adherence and instability in transparent models

We explore predictability and control in interactive systems where controls are easy to validate. Human-in-the-loop techniques allow users to guide unsupervised algorithms by exposing and supporting interaction with underlying model representations, increasing transparency and promising fine-grained control. However, these models must balance user input and the underlying data, meaning they sometimes update slowly, poorly, or unpredictably---either by not incorporating user input as expected (adherence) or by making other unexpected changes (instability). While prior work exposes model internals and supports user feedback, less attention has been paid to users' reactions when transparent models limit control. Focusing on interactive topic models, we explore user perceptions of control using a study where 100 participants organize documents with one of three distinct topic modeling approaches. These approaches incorporate input differently, resulting in varied adherence, stability, update speeds, and model quality. Participants disliked slow updates most, followed by lack of adherence. Instability was polarizing: some participants liked it when it surfaced interesting information, while others did not. Across modeling approaches, participants differed only in whether they noticed adherence.
Timing and Assimilation of New Technology Adoption in Healthcare

Background and Objective: Over the last two decades, substantial researches have focused on the factors influencing the success and failure of technology adoption. However, there is little to no research on the optimal time to adopt technology concerning the lag time between its availability and adoption. This paper explores the optimal timing for technology adoption.Methods: The study involves a qualitative inquiry based on semi-structured interviews conducted with individuals who have worked with or have served as information technology executives, managers or business users in mid-sized and large healthcare industries in the United States.Results: From these interview results, a comparison was made between the institutions that have successfully adopted technology and those that have not.Conclusion: Furthermore, this work seeks to understand the technology assimilation effects of individual motivations, organizational readiness, external environmental factors, and the timing of adoption.
Maximizing Shareholder Value: A Case Study

This article explains how the underperforming company sought the advice of outside professionals whose coordinated efforts enhanced shareholder value by more than $100 million in 18 months. It provides a history of the company leading up to the engagement of outside professionals, discusses how a turnaround plan was created and implemented, and details the final results from the implementation of a coordinated strategy between the company’s investment bankers and turnaround professionals.
Balanced Model Order Reduction Method for Systems Depending on a Parameter ?

We provide an analytical framework for balanced realization model order reduction of linear control systems which depend on an unknown parameter. Besides recovering known results for the first order corrections, we obtain explicit novel expressions for the form of second order corrections for singular values and singular vectors. The final result of our procedure is an order reduced model which incorporates the uncertain parameter. We apply our algorithm to a system of masses and springs with parameter dependent coefficients.
High-performance exclusion of schizophrenia using a novel machine learning method on EEG data

Using the Random Forest method, we developed a fast-high-performance classification model, which can exclude a potential schizophrenic disorder in a diagnosis of potentially exposed people. Our model mainly consists of three preprocessing steps: ICA, Spectral Analysis using Buettner et al.’s 99-frequency-band-method and normalization. Using this preprocessing pipeline followed by a Random Forest, validated with different parameters, random states and a 10-fold-cross-validation, we could exclude schizophrenia with an accuracy of 100%. By applying this model in combination with a differential diagnoses system, treatments in ICUs can be done much faster, more accurately and be less expensive.
Rational Speculation in the Presence of Positive Feedback Traders: Stabilizing? Destabilizing? Or Neutral?

In the presence of positive feedback trading, there may be market overreaction, which is not removed but even accentuated by rational speculation. We examine the question of how likely this possibility is in a multi-period model. We show that overreaction can be ruled out under fairly general assumptions and tends to be weak otherwise and that rational speculation most likely stabilizes prices. JEL classification: G12, G14
Back to GroEL-Assisted Protein Folding: GroES Binding-Induced Displacement of Denatured Proteins from GroEL to Bulk Solution

The main events in chaperone-assisted protein folding are the binding and ligand-induced release of substrate proteins. Here, we studied the location of denatured proteins previously bound to the GroEL chaperonin resulting from the action of the GroES co-chaperonin in the presence of Mg-ATP. Fluorescein-labeled denatured proteins (α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, serum albumin, and pepsin in the presence of thiol reagents at neutral pH, as well as an early refolding intermediate of malate dehydrogenase) were used to reveal the effect of GroES on their interaction with GroEL. Native electrophoresis has demonstrated that these proteins tend to be released from the GroEL-GroES complex. With the use of biotin- and fluorescein-labeled denatured proteins and streptavidin fused with luciferase aequorin (the so-called streptavidin trap), the presence of denatured proteins in bulk solution after GroES and Mg-ATP addition has been confirmed. The time of GroES-induced dissociation of a denatured protein from the GroEL surface was estimated using the stopped-flow technique and found to be much shorter than the proposed time of the GroEL ATPase cycle.
The Phillips Curve from the Perspective of the History of Econometrics

This essay examines the history of econometrics through a case study of the Phillips curve, that is, econometric modeling of the trade-off between inflation and unemployment. It focuses on a number of questions: What econometric tools did modelers choose to use in modeling the Phillips curve? How did their choices shape the ways that they obtained, interpreted, and theorized the empirical evidence? How did the concerns and problems they encountered feed back into the development of econometrics? This study reveals that much of the interaction between econometrics and economics involved modelers making certain trade-offs between theory and data, and their different positions generated disputes, factions, and confusion. It also reveals that the history of econometric modeling of the Phillips curve mirrors the evolving process of how the Cowles structural modeling paradigm has become consolidated, challenged, reformed, or abandoned.
Advance in diagnosis and treatment of young breast cancer

OBJECTIVE:To sum up the advancement in the clinical-pathological characteristics,methods of diagnosis,synthetic therapies and the conservation of fertility after chemotherapy of young breast cancer patients.METHODS:"Young breast cancer,characteristic,diagnosis,therapy" were searched as key words in the database of Medline and CNKI.A total of 2 664 literatures were obtained from pubmed and 121 from CNKI during the period of January 1990 to December 2008.Including criteria:1)the features of young breast cancer;2)the diagnostic methods of young breast cancer;3)the achievements in the synthetic therapies of young breast cancer;4)the conservation of fertility after chemotherapy of young breast cancer.Accoding to the criteria,72 literatures were selected and finally 42 papers were included.RESULTS:Young patients diagnosed with breast cancer have more worse prognostic factors in comparison with the elder patients.They can choose more treatment methods with the advancement in adjuvant therapies regardless of the indefinitive effects,and the conservation of fertility after chemotherapy is realizable.CONCLUSIONS:International consensus of the definition of young breast cancer is still not achieved while the diagnosis methods and tailored therapy have to be emphasised as the poor prognosis of young breast cancer patients.More evidences should be provided in this field.
Sex-Based Differences in Early Mortality after Myocardial Infarction

Background There is conflicting information about whether short-term mortality after myocardial infarction is higher among women than among men after adjustment for age and other prognostic factors. We hypothesized that younger, but not older, women have higher mortality rates during hospitalization than their male peers. Methods We analyzed data on 384,878 patients (155,565 women and 229,313 men) who were 30 to 89 years of age and who had been enrolled in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 between June 1994 and January 1998. Patients who had been transferred from or to other hospitals were excluded. Results The overall mortality rate during hospitalization was 16.7 percent among the women and 11.5 percent among the men. Sex-based differences in the rates varied according to age. Among patients less than 50 years of age, the mortality rate for the women was more than twice that for the men. The difference in the rates decreased with increasing age and was no longer significant after the age .
Privacy on the line: the politics of wiretapping and encryption

A guide to the debate over cryptography policy and the implications for individual privacy. Telecommunication has never been perfectly secure, as a Cold War culture of wiretaps and international spying taught us. Yet many of us still take our privacy for granted, even as we become more reliant than ever on telephones, computer networks, and electronic transactions of all kinds. Whitfield Diffie and Susan Landau argue that if we are to retain the privacy that characterized face-to-face relationships in the past, we must build the means of protecting that privacy into our communication systems. Diffie and Landau strip away the hype surrounding the policy debate to examine the national security, law enforcement, commercial, and civil liberties issues. They discuss the social function of privacy, how it underlies a democratic society, and what happens when it is lost.
Invisible Wounds of War. Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery

Abstract : Since 2001, 1.64 million U.S. troops have been deployed for Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) in Afghanistan and Iraq. Evidence suggests the psychological toll of these deployments may be disproportionately high compared with the physical injuries of combat. Concerns have been most recently centered on two combat-related injuries in particular: post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Many recent reports have referred to these as the signature wounds of the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts. With the increasing incidence of suicide and suicide attempts among returning veterans, concern about depression is also on the rise. The study discussed in this monograph focuses on post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and traumatic brain injury, not only because of current high-level policy interest but also because, unlike the physical wounds of war, these conditions are often invisible to the eye, remaining invisible to other service members, family members, and society in general. All three conditions affect mood, thoughts, and behavior; yet these wounds often go unrecognized and unacknowledged. The effect of traumatic brain injury is still poorly understood, leaving a large gap in knowledge related to how extensive the problem is or how to address it. RAND conducted a comprehensive study of the post-deployment health-related needs associated with post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and traumatic brain injury among OEF/OIF veterans, the health care system in place to meet those needs, gaps in the care system, and the costs associated with these conditions and with providing quality health care to all those in need. This monograph presents the results of that study. These results should be of interest to mental health treatment providers; health policy makers, particularly those charged with caring for our nation's veterans; and U.S. service men and women, their families, and the concerned public.
Education, Training, and Certification in Palliative Surgery and Surgical Palliative Care

The primary goal of surgical palliative care is to relieve suffering and enhance quality of life for terminally ill patients through the judicious use of palliative procedures. Certification in surgical palliative care can be attained through completion of formalized Hospice and Palliative Medicine fellowship training. Although most surgeons do not complete such training, the principles central to surgical palliative care are highly relevant to any practicing surgeon. The American College of Surgeons has developed several educational initiatives aimed at enhancing competency in surgical palliative care. In practice, surgical oncologists and trauma/critical care surgeons are at the forefront of surgical palliative care, frequently caring for patients with terminal conditions in complex end-of-life clinical settings. As the elderly population in the United States expands, there is a growing need for all surgeons to develop greater clinical competency in surgical palliative care principles.
How Often Do Individuals with Major Depression Receive Minimally Adequate Treatment? A Population-Based, Data Linkage Study

Objective: Depression is usually treated with antidepressants, psychotherapy, or both. In this study, we examined the extent to which individuals with depression receive minimally adequate treatment with regard to the use of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Method: Using population-based administrative data, we identified individuals with inpatient or outpatient diagnoses of depression and tracked their use of publicly funded mental health services within a 12-month period. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to assess the influence of patient-level characteristics and physician-level variations on the receipt of minimally adequate treatment. Results: A total of 108 101 individuals, predominantly women (65%) and urban residents (89%), were diagnosed with depression in 2010–2011. Of these, 13% received minimally adequate counseling/psychotherapy with higher proportions observed among men, younger individuals, and urban residents. In contrast, there were more who received minimally adequate antidepressant therapy (48%), with women, older individuals, and rural residents having the highest proportions. Overall, about 53% received either type of treatment, and the pattern of use was similar to that of antidepressant therapy. Mixed-effects logistic regression results indicate that these factors remain independent predictors of the receipt of minimally adequate depression care. Significant practice variations also exist, which determine patients’ receipt of minimally adequate care, particularly with respect to counseling or psychotherapy. Conclusions: Only about half of those with depression receive either minimally adequate counseling/psychotherapy or minimally adequate antidepressant therapy. Disparities also persist, affecting mostly men and younger individuals. A multifactorial approach is needed to improve access to and reduce variations in receipt of minimally adequate depression care.
Reciprocal Altruism in Primates: Partner Choice, Cognition, and Emotions

Ever since Darwin, altruism has been a problem for evolutionists andanimal behaviorists. Even after Hamilton (1964) and Trivers (1971)provided widely accepted explanations for its evolution, a continuingdebate has been fueled by widespread semantic confusion. As a conse-quence of this sustained focus on the evolution of altruism, the problemof its proximate causation has been until recently completely neglected.In the last few years, however, it has come to be realized that an under-standing of the proximate mechanisms underlying altruistic behavior isneeded in order to obtain a more complete picture of the biology ofaltruism. Unfortunately, although adding the study of proximate mechan-isms has generated interesting hypotheses and helped to elucidate possibleconstraints on the evolution of altruism, it has also added a new layer ofconfusion,asproximateandultimateexplanationsaresometimesconfused.In this chapter, we review some of the recent work on altruism inprimates with the aim of trying to clarify a sometimes confused ﬁeld. Wefocus speciﬁcally on primates because much has been done on this taxonboth theoretically and empirically. We also limit our treatment to altruismamong nonkin, since kin selected altruism is less often questioned and hasgenerated a less confused debate. We begin by reviewing semantic pro-blems, then discuss the various ways of demonstrating the occurrence ofreciprocal altruism, and argue that partner choice may have played a largerole in the evolution of primate reciprocity. Finally, we show how failing to
Expression and prognostic significance of ERCC1 protein in gastric cancer

Objective:To investigate the value of excision repair cross complementing group 1(ERCC1) protein expression for judgment of prognosis in gastric cancer.Methods:Eighty-five patients with stageⅠ-Ⅲ gastric cancer who underwent complete surgical resection were included in the study.They were retrospectively reviewed with immunohistochemical study.Result:(1) No differences of ERCC1 protein were found among patients with different genders,ages,performance statues,degrees of differentiation and pathological TNM stages(P=0.364,0.296,0.279,0.229 and 0.154). (2)The survival curve of positive ERCC1 expression was significantly lower than that of negative expression,with median OS(overall survival) 23months and 31 months respectively(P=0.048). (3)Among the patients with negative ERCC1 protein expression,the survival curve of the non-chemotherapy group was significantly lower than that of chemotherapy group,with median OS 25 months and 35 months respectively(P=0.044). (4)COX multivariate regression analysis showed that the expression of ERCC1 protein(P=0.041) and pathological TNM stage(P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors of gastric cancer patients.Conclusion:ERCC1 may play an important role in predicting the sensitivity to platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy,and it is also an independent prognostic factor of resectable gastric cancer patients.
Vitamin D and cancer:present status and future prospects

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble essential vitamin that participates in a variety of biological processes,especially in preventing and treating of rickets and senile fracture.Besides of its effect on the absorption and storage of calcium and phosphorus,experimental data suggest a protective effect of vitamin D on cancer.The relationship between vitamin D and cancer has become a hot topic in cancer research.Here,we briefly review the relationship between vitamin D and a variety of cancers,such as breast cancer and colorectal cancer,and have a discussion on the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of vitamin D in cancer.