Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Lactation and Age of First Pregnancy on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

1 Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey 2 Bursa Çekirge State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey Abstract Aim: Several factors have been suggested in the etiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP). In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible effects of lactation, number of pregnancies, and age of first pregnancy on postmenopausal OP. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty-seven postmenopausal patients aged between 45 and 70 years were screened for OP between April 2015 and December 2015. A questionnaire was administered to all of the patients in order to obtain data about their age, height, weight, age of menopause and menarche, chronic illnesses, concomitant drug use, family history, postmenopausal hormone therapy history, number of pregnancies, childbearing age, and lactation period at each pregnancy. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; measurements of the femoral neck, total femur and the lumbar vertebrae L1–L4 and L2–L4 were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups as those with OP (n=73) and those without OP (n=354). Results: The number of pregnancies was statistically higher in the OP group in comparison to the non-OP group (p=0.037). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of nulliparity, primiparity, and multiparity. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that lactation and age of first pregnancy have no effect on developing postmenopausal OP.
Economic Policy Uncertainty Spillovers in Booms and Busts

We estimate a nonlinear VAR to quantify the impact of US economic policy uncertainty shocks on the Canadian unemployment rate in booms and busts. We find strong evidence in favour of asymmetric spillover effects. Unemployment in Canada is shown to react more strongly to uncertainty shocks in economic busts. Such shocks explain about 13% of the variance of the 2‐year ahead forecast error of the Canadian unemployment rate in recessions vs. just 2% during economic booms. Counterfactual simulations point to a novel ‘economic policy uncertainty spillovers channel’. According to this channel, jumps in US uncertainty foster economic policy uncertainty in Canada in the first place and, because of the latter, lead to a temporary increase in the Canadian unemployment rate. Evidence of asymmetric spillover effects are also found for the UK economy, whose trade intensity with the US is low. This result is consistent with a transmission channel other than trade behind our findings.
PRETREATMENT OF CHEMICAL WASTEWATER FOR TOXICITY

The objective of this study was to develop an economical method of reducing the toxicity of process wastewater from a facility formulating industrial and commercial cleaners. Since the wastewater was discharged to a sewer system and eventually treated in an activated sludge plant, influent toxicity as measured by the Microtox® test, was of concern to the recipient publicly owned treatment works (POTW). The major source of toxicity was suspected to be nonylphenol-based, ethoxylated surfactants. The pretreatment schemes investigated included powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition in batch tests and activated sludge treatment in continuous flow reactors, with and without activated carbon addition. The average carbon dose required for reduction of toxicity to the target value of EC of 30% in batch PAC treatment, was 31,000mg/l. Biological activated sludge treatment was not capable of reducing toxicity to the required level. High and variable fixed dissolved solids (22,000mg/l, on average) in the process wastewater contributed to the poor performance of the activated sludge. Addition of activated carbon to the biological reactors (PACT) was effective in stabilizing biological system performance. The carbon dose required to achieve the target effluent toxicity was 2,000mg/l. This is an order of magnitude less than powdered carbon alone thus, demonstrating the economic benefits of the combined biological and activated carbon treatments.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, HUMAN CAPITAL, AND LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS*

Although theory highlights the roles of human capital and liquidity constraints in shaping selection into entrepreneurship, empirical research finds that (a) salaried and selfemployed individuals have similar human capital and (b) liquidity constraints bind for very few. To address this gap between theory and evidence, we develop a model in which we differentiate between entrepreneurship and other forms of self-employment. The model predicts—and our empirical analyses confirm—that (1) entrepreneurs are positively selected on salaried wages and associated human capital, but other business owners are negatively selected on those factors and (2) entrepreneurs are positively selected on collateral, but not other business owners. Moreover, we exploit exogenous variation in home equity and discover that collateral impacts entry into entrepreneurship, but not other forms of self-employment.
EFFECT OF POST-ACTIVATION POTENTIATION ON KINEMATICS AND KICKING PERFORMANCE IN A ROUNDHOUSE KICK WITH TRAINED MARTIAL ARTS PRACTITIONERS

The purpose of this study was to examine if kicking with elastic resistance (ER) during warming up could initiate Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP), and increase kinematics and performance on subsequent explosive kicking. Five woman and eleven men (n=16) with a background in kickboxing and/or TaeKwonDo performed two warming up strategies with subsequent testing. Kicking performance, defined as kicking velocity with the foot was measured 3D. In addition, muscle activity of the prime movers was measured. Kicking velocity of the foot increased by 3.3% after performing a warming-up strategy including kicking with ER (p=0.009). Increases were also recorded in muscle activity in m. vastus medialis (35.2%, p=0.05), rectus femoris (43.9%, p=0.04). The study show a positive effect on kicking performance after performing a warmup strategy including kicking with ER.
ROOMMATEs: An Unsupervised Indoor Peer Discovery Approach for LTE D2D Communications

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in offloading the 3GPP LTE data by using device-to-device (D2D) communications between devices. However, the peer discovering is challenging, especially in the indoor environment, since traditional users use a cellular signal to find peers, leading to incurring interference to other cellular users. In this paper, we propose ROOMMATEs, a novel approach for indoor peer discovery process, which is the enabler for indoor D2D communications in long term evolution (LTE) networks. It is a centralized approach utilizing, but not limited to, the ubiquitous WiFi network/femtocell network, combining with eNodeB in order to deliver the best results. ROOMMATEs is an unsupervised, yet energy efficient algorithm that can find surrounding user equipments (UEs) while minimizing interference and consuming much less energy. Based on the results, ROOMMATEs proves to be highly energy efficient, saving on average 24% per UE and improving signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in order of tens of decibels compared to other approaches. Moreover, ROOMMATEs provides indoor place identification for UEs with high accuracy using a small number of observations. ROOMMATEs is robust to missing and noisy data, works with various UEs’ brands/models, and requires no user interactions.
Genetic diversity in populations of Maytenus dasyclada (Celastraceae) in forest reserves and unprotected Araucaria forest remnants

ABSTRACT Understanding the genetic structure and diversity of plants is fundamental to their conservation and permits their sustainable use by local communities. Th e genus (Celastraceae) is composed of plants possessing Maytenus pharmacological and antioxidant properties. However, the genetic and economic properties of the species M. dasyclada , a typical species of Araucaria forests in Brazil and Uruguay, have been little studied. In this work, the genetic structure and diversity of natural populations of M. dasyclada located in unprotected and preserved forest remnants were investigated using RAPD and isozymes markers. Th e results demonstrated that in areas of preservation, populations of M. dasyclada possess a relatively high degree of polymorphism and high values for Na, Ne, Shannon index, He and Ho, indicating high genetic variability. Moreover, these protected populations are very close to each other and potentially experience signifi cant gene fl ow. Th e results presented here highlight the relevance of preservation areas for the conservation of
Infrared measurements of the ozone vertical distribution above Kitt Peak

The vertical distribution of the ozone in the troposphere and the lower and middle stratosphere has been retrieved from a series 0.005–0.013 cm−1 resolution infrared solar spectra recorded with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. The analysis is based on a multilayer line-by-line forward model and a semiempirical version of the optimal estimation inversion method by Rodgers. The 1002.6–1003.2 cm−1 spectral interval has been selected for the analysis on the basis of synthetic spectrum calculations. The characterization and error analysis of the method have been performed. It was shown that for the Kitt Peak spectral resolution and typical signal-to-noise ratio (≥100) the retrieval is stable, with the vertical resolution of ≈5 km attainable near the surface degrading to ≈10 km in the stratosphere. Spectra recorded from 1980 through 1993 have been analyzed. The retrieved total ozone and vertical profiles have been compared with total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite total columns for the location and dates of the Kitt Peak measurements and about 100 ozone ozonesoundings and Brewer total column measurements from Palestine, Texas, from 1979 to 1985. The total ozone measurements agree to ±2%. The retrieved profiles reproduce the seasonally averaged variations with altitude, including the ozone spring maximum and fall minimum measured by Palestine sondes, but up to 15% differences in the absolute values are obtained.
Treatment of Chronic Back and Chest Pain in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease Using Spinal Cord Stimulation

Our patient was a 28-year-old female. She was admitted to the hospital due to painful crises and had a history of operations due to vertebral fracture, femoral head osteonecrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Her back and chest pain was ranked as 9 on a numeric rating scale when she was referred to the pain clinic. Non-enhancing areas involving vertebral bodies at dorsal and lumbar levels, suggestive of infarcts, were shown by magnetic resonance imaging (Figure 1). Pain control could not be achieved medically; all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids had been unsuccessful. After evaluation by the local pain council of the hospital, the patient underwent implantation of an SCS.
What insights do patients and caregivers have on acute kidney injury and posthospitalisation care? A single-centre qualitative study from Toronto, Canada

Objectives Hospitalisation with acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with short-term and long-term adverse events, but patient and caregiver experiences with AKI are not well described. We sought to better understand patient and caregiver perspectives after a hospitalisation with AKI to inform discharge strategies that may improve outcomes for this high-risk population. Design Qualitative study with semistructured interviews. Setting Tertiary care hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Participants Adult patients (n=15) who survived a hospitalisation with Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 2 or 3 AKI from May to December 2016. We also interviewed five patient caregivers. We required patients to have no previous evidence of severe chronic kidney disease (ie, prior receipt of dialysis, previous kidney transplantation or pre-existing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) under 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Results We identified three over-arching themes: (1) prioritisation of conditions other than AKI, reflected by the importance placed on other comorbidities and the omission of AKI as part of the ongoing medical history; (2) variability in comprehension of the significance of AKI, represented by minimal knowledge of the causes and symptoms associated with AKI, along with misinformation on the kidneys’ ability to self-repair; and (3) anxiety from discharge planning and competing health demands, illustrated by complicated discharge plans involving multiple specialist appointments. Conclusions Patients and caregivers view AKI as a short-term and reversible condition, giving it little thought during the postdischarge period. As a result, reliance on patients and caregivers to report an episode of AKI to their outpatient physicians is unlikely to be successful. Patient-centred tools and decision aids are needed to bridge the gap between a hospitalisation with AKI and the safe transition to the outpatient setting.
Entrepreneurs in Consumer Electronics [Professional Development]

This article is the first in a series of interviews with technology entrepreneurs who have crossed the chasm from academia to run successful businesses. What were their biggest fears, challenges, and victories? Is an academic mind set a help or a hindrance in the business world, and how well does it prepare entrepreneurs to deal with ambiguity? International tech entrepreneurs share their stories and what they have learned along the way, from inception of "the idea," raising funding from poker-faced investors, building a team and a company culture, and interacting with commitment-shy clients and commercial partners. Many academics and young engineers imagine that a new technology will be able to stand on its own merits in the business world; those who have made the journey often tell a different story. In this column, we feature an interview with the founders of IRYStec Software Inc., Tara Akhavan and Afsoon Soudi.
Educating Tomorrow’s Citizens: What Role Can Schools Play?

Both citizenship and citizenship education have been transformed over the past 20 years as policymakers, academics and citizens have sought to grapple with the implications of globalisation, increased migration, and new information and communication technologies. Education has been central to this response, and this article outlines why schools play such an important role in preparing children and young people to become citizens. The article then describes some of the latest trends in Europe towards teaching the next generation about citizenship, and concludes by highlighting some of the issues that will require leadership from head teachers in the coming years. How to reference this article Keating, A. (2016). Educating Tomorrow’s Citizens: What Role Can Schools Play? Foro de Educacion , 14(20), 35-47. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14516/fde.2016. 014.020. 004
Accurate Location Tracking From CSI-Based Passive Device-Free Probabilistic Fingerprinting

The research on indoor localization has received great interest in recent years. This has been fueled by the ubiquitous distribution of electronic devices equipped with a radio frequency (RF) interface. Analyzing the signal fluctuation on the RF-interface can, for instance, solve the still open issue of ubiquitous reliable indoor localization and tracking. Device bound and device free approaches with remarkable accuracy have been reported recently. In this paper, we present an accurate device-free passive (DfP) indoor location tracking system that adopts channel state information (CSI) readings from off-the-shelf WiFi 802.11n wireless cards. The fine-grained subchannel measurements for multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing PHY layer parameters are exploited to improve localization and tracking accuracy. To enable precise positioning in the presence of heavy multipath effects in cluttered indoor scenarios, we experimentally validate the unpredictability of CSI measurements and suggest a probabilistic fingerprint-based technique as an accurate solution. Our scheme further boosts the localization efficiency by using principal component analysis to filter the most relevant feature vectors. Furthermore, with Bayesian filtering, we continuously track the trajectory of a moving subject. We have evaluated the performance of our system in four indoor environments and compared it with state-of-the-art indoor localization schemes. Our experimental results demonstrate that this complex channel information enables more accurate localization of nonequipped individuals.
Design and implementation of IoT based smart laboratory

Internet of things (IoT) provides a platform that allows devices to be connected, sensed and controlled remotely across a network infrastructure. This work aims to develop a smart laboratory system in CIT campus based on IoT and mobile application technologies to monitor the overall activities of the lab including energy consumption and utilization of devices, environmental parameters via sensors, thereby providing a smart environment to CIT with energy efficiency and comfort. IoT smart hardware kits are designed using ESP8266, Arduino UNO, relays, current transformers, Raspberry Pi3 and sensors. The proposed work controls and monitors the devices of the CIT IoT lab using the dashboard developed in Node-RED or ANDROID STUDIO Mobile Application. Devices in laboratory are connected to IoT smart hardware kit. Dashboard and Mobile Application has been developed for interfacing IoT smart hardware kit & MQTT broker. Node MCU is also coded to monitor and update the temperature, humidity and light intensity inside laboratory. A database has been created for a prototype switch to view status history. From the results of implementation, it is observed that the appliances in our lab are remotely monitored and controlled, thereby reducing their energy consumption considerably.
Charge-based Model for Junction FETs

We present a unified charge-based model for double-gate and cylindrical architectures of junction field-effect transistors (JFETs). The central concept is to consider the JFET as a junctionless FET (JLFET) with an infinitely thin insulating layer, leading to analytical expressions between charge densities, current, and voltages without any fitting parameters. Assessment of the model with numerical technology computer-aided design simulations confirms that holding the JFET as a special case of the JLFET is justified in all the regions of operation, i.e., from deep depletion to flat-band and from linear to saturation.
The impact of WhatsApp use on academic achievement among Saudi medical students

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between WhatsApp on academic performance among Saudi medical school students at the University of AlBaha and the University of Dammam. Methods: A total of 160 students (79 students from AlBaha medical school and 81 students from Dammam medical school) with smartphones were surveyed on their use of social media services and their academic performance (October–December 2015). A Likert scale consisting of 14 items was used to measure the use of WhatsApp and its relationship with academic achievement. Factor analysis of the self-report data of the social media addiction items was conducted. Pearson’s correlations were examined to determine the relationship of WhatsApp use with academic achievement and symptoms of addiction. Results: Nearly 99% of participants reported using WhatsApp (over 53% use for academic activities). There was no significant association between GPA and students who use WhatsApp. However, the time spent on WhatsApp usage was directly proportional to the symptoms of addiction. Conclusions: WhatsApp usage showed no relationship with the academic performance among Saudi medical students in both the universities. However, the usage of WhatsApp could be cautioned to minimize the social media addiction on various aspects of life.
Uninorm operators for sentence-level score aggregation in sentiment analysis

With the rapid growth of the Web and its users around the world, the availability and usefulness of users' comments have increased in recent years. Sentiment analysis techniques are used to extract valuable knowledge from this increasing volume of textual information. These techniques usually decompose every comment to its sentences, detect their sentiments, and aggregate these sentiments to calculate the overall sentiment being conveyed in the comment. In this study, a new sentence-level aggregation mechanism based on uninorm operators is proposed for aggregating sentence-level sentiment into an overall document-level opinion. In order to show the utility of the proposed method, it is applied to polarity detection and score prediction problems on four large Persian review datasets. Implementation results show that the proposed method, in comparison with Dempster-Shafer aggregation method, achieves a higher performance in polarity detection while the Dempster-Shafer method slightly outperforms the proposed method in score prediction task.
Human gesture imitation on NAO humanoid robot using kinect based on inverse kinematics method

Humanoid robot is a dynamic robot which can walk with two legs like a human. Many researcher interested in this robot due to its flexibility in reaching a variety of terrain and also its similarity to humans. The main problem often faced by developers is a motion control system which is quite difficult. With 25 DOF, making it difficult to get the desired body posture by controlling it manually. To facilitate the developer, there needs to be a system that can be used as a tool to control robot body movement to get the desired body posture by using human gesture as the input. This system allows us to easily instruct the robot to imitate what we're doing. The system use Kinect as the device to recognize human body and capture information about its skeleton model in 3D. This 3D model will be processed and translated to angle data using inverse kinematics. Then, NAO humanoid robot will get instruction to move based on obtained angle data to perform the imitated body posture.
Sex consideration in diet–biomarker-related indices: a systematic review

Abstract Objective An index of biomarkers derived from dietary factors (diet–biomarker-related index) identifies foods and nutrients that encompass physiological potentials and provides scientific evidence for dietary patterns that increase the risk of disease associated with specific biomarkers. Although men and women have different dietary patterns and physiological characteristics, sex is not often considered when investigators develop a diet–biomarker-related index. We aimed to review whether epidemiological studies developed diet–biomarker-related indices in a sex-specific way. Design We systematically searched for epidemiological studies that developed diet–biomarker-related indices, including (i) biomarker prediction indices that include dietary factors as explanatory variables and (ii) dietary patterns to explain biomarker variations, in the PubMed and EMBASE databases. We qualitatively reviewed the sex consideration in index development. Results We identified seventy-nine studies that developed a diet–biomarker-related index. We found that fifty-four studies included both men and women. Of these fifty-four studies, twenty-nine (53·7 %) did not consider sex, eleven (20·3 %) included sex in the development model, seven (13·0 %) considered sex but did not include sex in the development model, and seven (13·0 %) derived a diet–biomarker-related index for men and women separately. A list of selected dietary factors that explained levels of biomarkers generally differed by sex in the studies that developed a diet–biomarker-related index in a sex-specific way. Conclusions Most studies that included both men and women did not develop the diet–biomarker-related index in a sex-specific way. Further research is needed to identify whether a sex-specific diet–biomarker-related index is more predictive of the disease of interest than an index without sex consideration.