Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prototype of LPG gas leakage detector using flame sensor and MQ-2 sensor

The conversion of kerosene use in household to gas, in addition to the decision of the Republic of Indonesia minister in relation to the movement of kerosene to gas, gas also given an affordable price, how to use it more effectively. But the public is also expected to be careful about how to use it, because the gas is explosive and leaking causing unpleasant odor (gas leak) even a more dangerous side effect is the explosion of gas cylinders. To evercome these problems then need a tool that can detect gas leakage, in order to prevent gas leakage early. Therefore the authors designed a device that can detect gas leakage by using Sensor Mq-2 and will issue sound gas alarm warning leak by Modul ISD 1760, and will stop the gas flow from the tube to the stove using a Solenoid Valve. There is also a Flame Sensor’s hardware to detect a fire if there is a spark emerging and spraying water into spots that are likely to spark fire. All hardware will be in if using ATMega 328microcontroller.Monitoring can use android smartphone, with the application that can send a warning to the mobile phone.
How origin stories shape children's social reasoning.

How do we explain the behavior of the many people we meet throughout our lives? Children and adults sometimes consider other people in terms of their social category memberships (e.g., assuming that a girl likes pink because she is a girl), but people view some categories as more informative than others, and which people think of as informative varies across cultural contexts. One type of culturally-embedded knowledge that appears to shape whether people view particular categories as providing explanations for behavior are beliefs about how the category came to be. In the current studies with 4- to 5-year-old children (N = 206), we ask how learning about quasi-scientific or supernatural causal origins of a category shapes young children’s use of categories to predict and explain what category members are like. In Study 1, children more often used a category to explain behavior when they heard the category described as intentionally created by a powerful being than when they heard no explicit information about its origins. In Studies 2 and 3, learning about both quasi-scientific and supernatural causal origins shaped children’s social category beliefs via a common mechanism: by signaling that the category marked a non-arbitrary way of dividing up the social world.
Investigation of Polycrystalline Nickel Silicide Films as a Gate Material

The work function of polycrystalline nickel silicide film formed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) has been studied using capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements and metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) structures. The effect of sintering temperature on work function has also been studied. Results show that the work function of n + -doped NiSi gate is about 4.6 eV and is stable from 400 to 800°C. For p + -doped NiSi gate, the work function is 5 eV. The gate-substrate leakage current is small and the oxide quality is similar to that in Al-gate MOS capacitors even for oxides as thin as 8 nm. The poly-gate depletion effect (PDE) has also been investigated by quasi-static C-V. Compared with that of poly-Si and poly-Si 1-x Ge x , no PDE is observed in silicide-gate n-MOS device even when the gate is undoped. The results suggest that nickel silicide film may be used as a potential gate material in complementary MOS or thin-film transistor devices.
Studies with plant-cell cultures of the Chinese herbal plant, Tripterygium wilfordii. Isolation and characterization of diterpenes

A detailed analysis of the established cell-culture line (coded as TRP4a) of the important Chinese herbal plant, Tripterygium wilfordii, in terms of diterpene production, is presented. In this study, 28 diterpenes have been isolated and characterized. Of these, 26 were isolated for the first time from the TRP4a cell line, 8 were novel compounds. From an analysis of the diterpenes obtained, a biosynthetic pathway of the pharmacologically interesting triepoxide, tripdiolide 29, is proposed.
Stability of Corrosion-Resistant Magnéli-Phase Ti4O7-Supported PEMFC Catalysts

Corrosion of carbonaceous catalyst support materials such as carbon black has been recognized as one of the cause for the performance degradation of PEMFC under repeated start-stop cycles or high potential conditions [1,2]. Therefore, a more oxidation-resistant catalyst support at high potentials (> 1.0 V) is desired for practical fuel cell, especially for automotive applications. Sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide of the general formula TinO2n-1 (4 1.2 V, stability of ECA is completely different depending on the support material; Pt/Ti4O7 shows better stability than Pt/XC72 catalyst at high potentials. The results of potential cycling and long-term fuel cell tests will be discussed at the meeting.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

Amac: Karaciger, kolesterol sentezinde ve katabolizmasinda cok onemli rol oynar. Non-alkolik yagli karaciger hastaligi (NAYKH), gelismis ulkelerde kronik karaciger hastaliginin en sik sebebidir ve siklikla diabetes mellitus, hipertansiyon, dislipidemi ve obezite gibi metabolik hastaliklarla komorbidite gosterir. Bu calismanin amaci Ailevi Hiperkolesterolemide (AH) NAYKH gorulme sikligini arastirmaktir. Gerec ve Yontemler: 2017-2018 yillari arasinda Erzurum Bolge Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Endokrinoloji Poliklinigine basvurmus olan AH’li kisiler tek merkezli bu vaka kontrol calismasina alindi. AH’li toplam 30 kisi (17 Kadin 13 erkek), 39 kisiden olusan (30 kadin, 9 erkek) kontrol grubu ile karsilastirildi. Iki grup sayi ve cinsiyet yonunden denkti. Aile oykusu kaydedildi. Tani kan tetkikleri ve karaciger ultrasonografisi ile kondu. Bulgular: Iki grup arasinda yas ve cinsiyet acisindan anlamli fark gorulmedi. NAYKH, kontrol grubundaki 39 kisiden 12’sinde saptanirken, AH grubunda 30 kisiden 16’sinda goruldu (p = 0,058). AH ve kontrol gruplarinin sirasiyla toplam kolesterol (333,27 ± 58,46) (219,23 ± 82,84) (mg / dl) (p = 0,000), LDL (249,93 ± 45,43) (127,11 ± 46,52) (mg / dl) (p = 0,000) ve CRP (3,37 ± 4,16) (1,43 ± 1,96) (mg / L) (p = 0,014) duzeyleri arasinda anlamli fark bulundu. Sonuclar: AH ve kontrol gruplari arasinda NAYKH acisindan anlamli bir fark yoktur. Ultrasonografide NAYKH saptanmamasi, AH’ye yaklasimdaki ciddiyeti azaltmamalidir.
Image potentials and the dry etching of submicron trenches with low‐energy ions

The image potential between an ion and an etched sidewall is shown to be important in the dry etching of high‐aspect ratio features. Low‐energy ions are attracted to the walls of an etched trench, resulting in wall collisions which can lead to loss of etch directionality and slow vertical etch rates. Estimates are given for the depth at which one‐half of the ion flux into an etched trench is lost to one of the etched walls, as a function of trench width and ion energy. The effect is particularly important in the etching of quarter‐micron features and smaller using ion energies less than 200 eV.
A study of the histological changes in the growing muscles of beef animals

Summary. 1. Histological studies have been made of the growth of the longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles of eight Hereford and eight Friesian steers between the ages of 11 days and 24 months. 2. It was found that the average sarcomere lengths of the muscle fibres varied considerably from animal to animal and muscle to muscle, due to postural shortening during rigor. The lengths of the constituent filaments of actin and myosin were, however, constant within a narrow range (1.30 and 1.50 μ, respectively). Hence it is possible to define a standard sarcomere length for reference, as the length when the actin filaments from each half of the sarcomere just touch in the middle. This length is 2.60 μ, after correction for fixation. Cross-sectional areas and diameters of fibres were then corrected accordingly. 3. After correction in this way, it was found that the internal diameters of the muscle fibres increased from about 15 μ at 1 month to about 45 μ at 24 months. For the first 12 months of growth the cross-sectional areas of the fibres kept in step with the cross-sectional area of the muscle, but after that time the former parameter increased more rapidly than the latter, so that fibres appeared to be lost from the muscle as it aged further. In the ST muscles, this loss amounted to about 40% at 24 months. 4. The collagen content of the muscles was higher at the calf stage than later. From 6 months onwards however this content remained nearly constant (0.43 and 0.77% of the wet weight, for LD and ST muscles, respectively). These changes were easily observable in the histological sections. 5. The elastin content, both by semiquantitative histological estimation and by an exact chemical method, was found to be very low in the LD muscles (about 3% of the total connective tissue content), but much higher in the ST muscles (about 37%). In other muscles of prime cuts, such as biceps femoris, the elastin content is, however, of the same order as in the LD, so that its contribution to the toughness of most cuts of meat is probably insignificant. 6. More detailed conclusions of the results are given at the end of the paper.
The Ideal Vegetable Oil-based Biodiesel Composition: A Review of Social, Economical and Technical Implications

Though a considerable number of publications about biodiesel can be found in literature, several problems remain unsolved, encompassing economical, social, and technical issues. Thus, the biodiesel industry has come under attack by some environmental associations, and subsidies for biofuel production have been condemned by some governments. Yet, biodiesel may represent a truly competitive alternative to diesel fuel, for which fuel tax exemption and subsidies to energetic crops are needed. Biodiesel must increase its popularity among social movements and governments to constitute a valid alternative of energy source. In this sense, the use of nonedible oils to produce biodiesel is proposed in the present review. Moreover, the compromise of noninterference between land for energetic and food purposes must be addressed. Concerning technical issues, it is important to consider a transesterification optimization, which is missing or incomplete for too many vegetable oils already tested. In most cases, a common.
The Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cerebral Ischemic Injury

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that plays an important role in stabilizing nucleosomes and DNA repair. HMGB1 can be passively released from necrotic neurons or actively secreted by microglia, macrophages/monocytes, and neutrophils. Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, and its outcome depends on the number of neurons dying due to hypoxia in the ischemic area. HMGB1 contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia via mediating neuroinflammatory responses to cerebral ischemic injury. Extracellular HMGB1 regulates many neuroinflammatory events by interacting with its different cell surface receptors, such as receptors for advanced glycation end products, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and TLR-4. Additionally, HMGB1 can be redox-modified, thus exerting specific cellular functions in the ischemic brain and has different roles in the acute and late stages of cerebral ischemic injury. However, the role of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemia is complex and remains unclear. Herein, we summarize and review the research on HMGB1 in cerebral ischemia, focusing especially on the role of HMGB1 in hypoxic ischemia in the immature brain and in white matter ischemic injury. We also outline the possible mechanisms of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemia and the main strategies to inhibit HMGB1 pertaining to its potential as a novel critical molecular target in cerebral ischemic injury.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary Chalcogenides Ag8SnE6 (E=S, Se)

Abstract Nanocrystalline Ag8SnS6 and Ag8SnSe6 were directly synthesized by the reaction of AgNO3, SnCl2·2H2O, and sulfur/selenium in a solvothermal process and 100°C for 10 h, respectively. X-ray powder diffraction patterns, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and transmission eletron microscope images show that the products are the Ag8SnS6 and Ag8SnSe6 phases which are well crystallized with the average size of about 20 and 25 nm, respectively. The possible mechanism for the formation of the nanocrystals in the solvothermal process was proposed. The solvent ethylenediamine played an important role in the growth of nanocrystals.
Extracellular vesicles – propagators of neuropathology and sources of potential biomarkers and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases

ABSTRACT Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by the irreversible degeneration of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous systems. These include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion diseases. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a type of EV involved in cellular communication, have been well documented as propagating neurodegenerative diseases. These sEVs carry cargo, such as proteins and RNA, to recipient cells but are also capable of promoting protein misfolding, thus actively contributing to the progression of these diseases. sEV secretion is also a compensatory process for lysosomal dysfunction in the affected cells, despite inadvertently propagating disease to recipient cells. Despite this, sEV miRNAs have biomarker potential for the early diagnosis of these diseases, while stem cell-derived sEVs and those generated through exogenous assistance demonstrate the greatest therapeutic potential. This Review will highlight novel advancements in the involvement of sEVs as propagators of neuropathology, biomarkers and potential therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases. Summary: This Review highlights novel advancements in the involvement of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) as propagators of neuropathology, biomarkers and potential therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases.
Escitalopram Ameliorates Cardiomyopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats via Modulation of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Downstream Signaling Cascades

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized as a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, studies have shown the prevalence of depression among people with diabetes. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on metabolic changes and cardiac complications in type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by feeding the rats high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD) for 8 weeks followed by a subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg, i. p.). Treatment with escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day; p. o.) was then initiated for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, electrocardiography was performed and blood samples were collected for determination of glycemic and lipid profiles. Animals were then euthanized and heart samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Escitalopram alleviated the HFFD/STZ-induced metabolic and cardiac derangements as evident by improvement of oxidative stress, inflammatory, fibrogenic and apoptotic markers in addition to hypertrophy and impaired conduction. These results could be secondary to its beneficial effects on the glycemic control and hence the reduction of receptor for advanced glycation end products content as revealed in the present study. In conclusion, escitalopram could be considered a favorable antidepressant medication in diabetic patients as it seems to positively impact the glycemic control in diabetes in addition to prevention of its associated cardiovascular complications.
Microstructural regimes of colloidal rod suspensions, gels, and glasses

We review the diverse range of materials made up of rod-shaped colloids. A common feature of such suspensions is the strong and efficient contribution of rods to the material's solid-like rheological properties such as elastic modulus and yield stress. Colloidal rod suspensions span from biomaterials such as f-actin and fd virus to inorganic materials such as boehmite and hematite, and to commercial fibers such as cellulose. We argue that, depending on the strength of pair potential interactions, such rod suspensions form microstructures that vary between the two limits of heterogeneous fractal clusters and homogeneous fiber networks. The volume fraction range for transition between these two limiting cases is strongly aspect ratio dependent. The two limiting microstructures can be distinguished by differences in the scattering vector dependence of their structure factors, as long as the range of scattering vector probed is sufficient to span regimes both above and below qL ≈ 1. Here q is the scattering vector and L is the rod length. Theories of the Brownian dynamics of fractal clusters and fiber networks show that the two types of microstructure can lead to the arrested dynamics of gelation and the glass transition, respectively. The volume fraction and aspect ratio dependences of the dynamical slowing down of these two cases differ significantly; we suggest that probing these differences is a convenient way to distinguish between gels and glasses of colloidal rods. This distinction is important to clarify because these microstructures are determinants of rheological properties such as elasticity and yielding. By combining these structural and dynamical ideas about rods, we classify a set of literature measurements on more than fifteen different colloidal materials and thereby distinguish between regimes of gelation and vitrification. We conclude by suggesting directions for future research in the arrested dynamics, the non-linear rheology, and the absolute lower limit of gelation in colloidal rod suspensions.
The Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential and Limitations of Prebiotic, Synbiotic, and Probiotic Formulations

The Microbiome has generated significant attention for its impacts not only on gastrointestinal health, but also on signaling pathways of the enteric and central nervous system via the microbiome gut–brain axis. In light of this, microbiome modulation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating or mitigating many somatic and neural pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that interferes with cerebral function by progressively impairing memory, thinking and learning through the continuous depletion of neurons. Although its etiopathogenesis remains uncertain, recent literature endorses the hypothesis that probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation alters AD-like symptoms and improves many of its associated disease biomarkers. Alternatively, a dysfunctional microbiota impairs the gut epithelial barrier by inducing chronic gastric inflammation, culminating in neuroinflammation and accelerating AD progression. The findings in this review suggest that probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics have potential as novel biological prophylactics in treatment of AD, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, their ability to improve cognition and metabolic activity, as well as their capacity of producing essential metabolites for gut and brain barrier permeability.
Precision Genome Engineering for the Breeding of Tomatoes: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Currently, poor biodiversity has raised challenges in the breeding and cultivation of tomatoes, which originated from the Andean region of Central America, under global climate change. Meanwhile, the wild relatives of cultivated tomatoes possess a rich source of genetic diversity but have not been extensively used for the genetic improvement of cultivated tomatoes due to the possible linkage drag of unwanted traits from their genetic backgrounds. With the advent of new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs), especially CRISPR/Cas-based genome engineering tools, the high-precision molecular breeding of tomato has become possible. Further, accelerated introgression or de novo domestication of novel and elite traits from/to the wild tomato relatives to/from the cultivated tomatoes, respectively, has emerged and has been enhanced with high-precision tools. In this review, we summarize recent progress in tomato precision genome editing and its applications for breeding, with a special focus on CRISPR/Cas-based approaches. Future insights and precision tomato breeding scenarios in the CRISPR/Cas era are also discussed.
Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy Attenuates Angiogenesis Through Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis in Young Mice

Antenatal corticosteroid therapy (ACT) has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality rates in preterm delivery, but the fetus is more likely to face the risk of low bone mineralization and low fetal linear growth. However, the mechanism of ACT inducing low bone mineralization remains largely unknown. Pre-osteoclasts, which play an important role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis, are specifically regulating type H vessels (CD31hiEmcnhi) and vessel formation by secreting platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). We find that the number of pre-osteoclasts and POC-secreted PDGF-BB is dramatically decreased in ACT mice, contributing to the reduction in type H vessels and bone mineralization during the mouse offspring. Quantitative analyses of micro-computed tomography show that the ACT mice have a significant reduction in the mass of trabecular bone relative to the control group. Mononuclear pre-osteoclasts in trabecular bone decreased in ACT mice, which leads to the amount of PDGF-BB reduced and attenuates type H vessel formation. After sorting the Rank+ osteoclast precursors using flow cytometry, we show that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2) expression is decreased in Rank+ osteoclast precursors in ACT mice. Consistent with the flow data, by using small molecule Ezh2 inhibitor GSK126, we prove that Ezh2 is required for osteoclast differentiation. Downregulating the expression of Ezh2 in osteoclast precursors would reduce PDGF-BB production. Conditioned medium from osteoclast precursor cultures treated with GSK126 inhibited endothelial tube formation, whereas conditioned medium from vehicle group stimulated endothelial tube formation. These results indicate Ezh2 expression of osteoclast precursors is suppressed after ACT, which reduced the pre-osteoclast number and PDGF-BB secretion, thus inhibiting type H vessel formation and ACT-associated low bone mineralization.