Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single‐Leg Training for 2‐Legged Sports: Efficacy of Strength Development in Athletic Performance

by the bodybuilding philosophy. Thus, traditional compound lifts have dominated the strength development paradigm. Additionally, the resistance machine industry has attempted to provide us with many interesting ways of developing strength, including everything from an 8-ft-high leg press to a seated dorsiflexion machine. Because of the heavy influence from the hypertrophy-based philosophy, squats and leg presses, in one way or another, still make up the bulk of lower-body training in many programs. Often, outside of the cursory periodization considerations, these lifts continue to dominate the strength development cycles.
Extended balanced space–time block coding with transmit antenna selection

The original proposal of the extended balanced space–time block coding (EBSTBC) and its special subsets like balanced space–time block coding utilize all available transmit antennas to guarantee full diversity and to maximize the coding gain when few bits of feedback from the destination to the source are available. Because of the construction technique of EBSTBC, an antenna out of N transmit antennas does not contribute coding gain. To prevent this, a novel EBSTBC design and transmit scheme is proposed. This scheme transmits only N − 1 antennas out of N antennas and an antenna that maximizes the received signal‐to‐noise ratio at the destination doubles its transmit power. The proposed scheme improves performance of the EBSTBC and its subsets and outperforms closed‐loop extended orthogonal space–time block codes, phase feedback based extended space–time block codes, partial phase combining and transmit antenna selection schemes. The difference in performance becomes more prevalent in the presence of feedback errors. The proposed technique can be applied for orthogonal space–time block codes and quasi‐orthogonal space–time block codes if the destination informs the source which antenna has the highest gain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Basics of Resistance Training Program Design: Where Do I Start!

WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO BE A SUCCESSFUL ATHLETE IN TODAY’S COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT? A SOLID TRAINING PROGRAM IS ESSENTIAL, BUT HOW DO YOU DECIDE WHAT SHOULD GO INTO IT? YOU COULD CONSULT A CERTIFIED CONDITIONING SPECIALIST, BUT IN PROGRAMS WITH LIMITED FUNDING, THE COACH OR ATHLETE USUALLY DEPENDS ON HIS/HER OWN KNOWLEDGE AND BACKGROUND. THIS COLUMN IS DESIGNED TO HELP THOSE INDIVIDUALS SEEKING GUIDANCE IN WRITING A SUCCESSFUL RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM.
Energy harvesting technologies for low‐power electronics

Power consumption is one of the most critical issues when designing low‐cost electronic devices, such as sensing nodes in wireless sensor networks. To support their operation, such systems usually contain a battery; however, when the battery has consumed all its energy, the node (e.g. the sensor) must be retrieved and the battery replaced. If the node is located in a remote and non‐accessible placement, battery replacement can become an expensive (and even impossible) task. This way, energy harvesting has emerged as a suitable alternative to supply low‐power electronic systems, by converting ambient energy into electric power. Scavenged energy can be used to directly supply the circuits, or stored to be used when needed. This paper summarises the power needs of a general wireless sensor node and describes the main principles of most representative energy harvesting technologies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Translational Inhibition of Colonic Epithelial Heat Shock Proteins by IFN-γ and TNF-α in Intestinal Inflammation

Background & Aims: Inducible heat shock proteins (iHsp), Hsp25/27 and Hsp70, play essential roles in protecting cells against stress and, in intestinal mucosal inflammation, potentially lessening the extent and severity of injury. We examined the expression and regulation of iHsp in human and experimental inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and in vitro. Methods: iHsp expression and regulation were assessed in normal and IBD colonic biopsy specimens, IL-10−/− mice, and young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phosphorylation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α) was determined by Western blot. Results: Hsp25/27 and Hsp70 levels were selectively reduced in areas of active mucosal inflammation associated with human IBD and IL-10−/− mice with colitis. Wild-type mice treated in vivo with interferon (IFN)-γ + tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α also demonstrated reduced colonic Hsp25/27 and Hsp70. In young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells, IFN-γ+TNF-α inhibited heat induction of Hsp25/27 and Hsp70, an effect not associated with changes in iHsp messenger RNA or protein half-lives but caused by suppressed de novo iHsp synthesis. IFN-γ+TNF-α cotreatment activated PKR, resulting in phosphorylation and inactivation of eIF-2α, an essential factor in protein translation. These effects were not due to induced apoptosis and could be negated by PKR-inhibitor and short interfering RNA to PKR. Increased phosphorylation of PKR and eIF-2α were also observed in active IBD tissues. Conclusions: Mucosal inflammation is associated with iHsp down-regulation, an effect that appears mediated by translational down-regulation by proinflammatory cytokines. In the context of IBD, we propose that this mechanism contributes to the severity, extent, and persistence of inflammation-induced mucosal injury.
Supersymmetry Breaking in a Minimal Anomalous Extension of the MSSM

We study a supersymmetry breaking mechanism in the context of a minimal anomalous extension of the MSSM. The anomaly cancellation mechanism is achieved through suitable counterterms in the effective action, that is, the Green-Schwarz terms. We assume that the standard MSSM superpotential is perturbatively realized; that is, all terms allowed by gauge symmetries except for the μ-term which has a nonperturbative origin. The presence of this term is expected in many intersecting D-brane models which can be considered as the ultraviolet completion of our model. We show how soft supersymmetry breaking terms arise in this framework, and we study the effect of some phenomenological constraints on this scenario.
Systemic therapy for recurrent meningioma

ABSTRACT Introduction: Meningioma comprise 20-30% of all primary brain tumors. Notwithstanding surgery and radiotherapy, a subset of patients will manifest recurrent meningioma. Systemic therapy is recommended only when further surgery and radiotherapy are not possible. No prospective study with a high level of evidence is available to inform as to recommendations regarding systemic therapy. Areas covered: We aim to summarize systemic therapies for recurrent meningioma. Expert commentary: Hydroxurea, temozolomide, irinotecan, the combination of cyclophosphamide/adriamycine/vincristine, interferon-alpha, somatostatin analogs, mifepristone, megestrol acetate, imatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib are considered as having limited efficacy. Potential activity of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitors such as sunitinib, valatinib, and bevacizumab is suggested in small non-controlled studies and requires validation in randomized trials. The identification of new prognostic markers such as TERT promoter mutations and potential new therapeutic targets, such as KLF4, AKT1, TRAF7, and SMO mutations hopefully facilitate this endeavor.
Extinction learning in childhood anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder: implications for treatment

ABSTRACT Introduction: Threat conditioning and extinction play an important role in anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although these conditions commonly affect children, threat conditioning and extinction have been primarily studied in adults. However, differences in phenomenology and neural architecture prohibit the generalization of adult findings to youth. Areas covered: A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and PsycInfo was conducted to identify studies that have used differential conditioning tasks to examine threat acquisition and extinction in youth. The information obtained from this review helps to clarify the influence of these processes on the etiology and treatment of youth with OCD, PTSD and other anxiety disorders. Thirty studies of threat conditioning and extinction were identified Expert commentary: Youth with anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD have largely comparable threat acquisition relative to unaffected controls, with some distinctions noted for youth with PTSD or youth who have suffered maltreatment. However, impaired extinction was consistently observed across youth with these disorders and appears to be consistent with deficiencies in inhibitory learning. Incorporating strategies to improve inhibitory learning may improve extinction learning within extinction-based treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Strategies to improve inhibitory learning in CBT are discussed.
Nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

Purpose of review An increasing body of evidence has linked diet to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Most of our current knowledge pertains to the link between diet and Crohn's disease. Exclusive enteral nutrition and partial enteral nutrition are the best known dietary intervention for the induction of remission and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease both in children and in adults, but the mechanism whereby these interventions may cause or maintain remission and mucosal healing has remained elusive. Recent findings Recent studies have shed light on the possible mechanisms of response to dietary intervention. Epidemiological and rodent model studies over the last year have supplied us with several dietary candidates for an effect of diet on inflammation and disease pathogenesis. Others have shed insight into the effect of diet on dysbiosis and the microbiota. An elimination diet based on some of these candidates has shown clinical efficacy, and bridged the knowledge obtained from rodent models to a human intervention. Summary These studies may allow better understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD and provide new tools to treat these difficult diseases. Elimination diets based on the identification of deleterious dietary components may pave the way for an improved control of the disease in the future. Video abstract http://links.lww. com/COG/A10.
Are we exaggerating neuropsychological impairment in depression? Reopening a closed chapter

ABSTRACT Background: Meta-analyses conclude that individuals with depression display neurocognitive deficits. However, the extent to which some of these impairments occur due to secondary influences, and thus in part represent epiphenomena, has rarely been tested. Therefore, the authors examined the impact of performance motivation, attitude towards cognitive assessment, and momentary symptoms during assessment on neuropsychological test results in depression. Research design and methods: Forty-five patients with depression and 60 nonclinical individuals underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Before and after the assessment, each participant was asked to complete the Momentary Influences, Attitudes and Motivation Impact on Cognitive Performance Scale (MIAMI). Results: As hypothesized, patients with depression performed worse than nonclinical controls on most neuropsychological parameters. Group differences achieved a medium effect size for parameters tapping speed and a large effect for parameters tapping accuracy. Yet, only one fourth of the patient population displayed abnormal scores (≥ 1 SD below the population mean). In line with the hypothesis, patients with depression were more fearful of test outcomes, complained more about negative momentary influences, and were less motivated (based on retrospective assessment) than controls, as assessed with the MIAMI. The MIAMI total score mediated the relationship between group status and test scores in three out of four analyses. When MIAMI scores were entered as covariate, group differences were largely reduced. Discussion: Patients with depression show a more negative attitude towards testing, lower performance motivation, and more negative momentary influences, all of which induce malperformance. The results suggest that performance dysfunction does not necessarily mirror brain dysfunction in areas hosting cognitive functions but is confounded with other factors. Greater caution is warranted when interpreting the results of neuropsychological tests in depressed patients.
The potential role of cannabinoids in epilepsy treatment

ABSTRACT Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the world’s oldest recognized and prevalent neurological diseases. It has a great negative impact on patients’ quality of life (QOL) as a consequence of treatment resistant seizures in about 30% of patients together with drugs’ side effects and comorbidities. Therefore, new drugs are needed and cannabinoids, above all cannabidiol, have recently gathered attention. Areas covered: This review summarizes the scientific data from human and animal studies on the major cannabinoids which have been of interest in the treatment of epilepsy, including drugs acting on the endocannabinoid system. Expert commentary: Despite the fact that cannabis has been used for many purposes over 4 millennia, the development of drugs based on cannabinoids has been very slow. Only recently, research has focused on their potential effects and CBD is the first treatment of this group with clinical evidence of efficacy in children with Dravet syndrome; moreover, other studies are currently ongoing to confirm its effectiveness in patients with epilepsy. On the other hand, it will be of interest to understand whether drugs acting on the endocannabinoid system will be able to reach the market and prove their known preclinical efficacy also in patients with epilepsy.
5GEx: realising a Europe‐wide multi‐domain framework for software‐defined infrastructures

Market fragmentation has resulted in a multitude of network and cloud/data center operators, each focused on different countries, regions and technologies. This makes it difficult and costly to create infrastructure services spanning multiple domains, such as virtual connectivity or compute resources. In this article, we discuss the goals and work being done within the 5GEx (5G Exchange) project in realising a Europe‐wide multi‐domain platform. This platform aims at enabling cross‐domain orchestration of services over multiple administrations or over multi‐domain single administrations in the context of emerging 5G networking. The 5GEx vision is based on introducing a unification via network function virtualisation/software‐defined networking compatible multi‐domain orchestration for networks, clouds and services. We describe the motivation and 5GEx vision, the adopted architecture and the next steps in terms of implementation and experimentation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey of Prophylactic Defibrillator Implantation Following MADIT

The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) established an indication for implantable defibrillators (ICD) in patients with previous infarction, ejection fraction (EF) < 35%, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), and inducible sustained VT not suppressed by Class I drugs. Few data exist regarding implementation of this indication in clinical practice. We surveyed 72 active ICD implanting centers (26 United States, 46 Europe) with respect to screening and implantation practices related to MADIT for the year 1998. Prophylactic ICD implantation using MADIT indications comprised 9% of all initial implants (15% United States, 9% Germany, 5% other European), but ranged broadly from 0% (11 centers) to < 20% (7 centers). Implant rate was related to total annual ICD volume: 13% at high volume (> 100) and 7% at low volume (< 40) centers. Only 4% of responders conducted systematic Holter screening of postinfarction patients with low EF, and 41% screened for MADIT indications only in patients referred specifically for that purpose. Among implanting physicians (1) 61% do not routinely perform drug testing following induction of qualifying VT, (2) 38% would implant an ICD in selected patients with nonsustained VT and EF < 35% if qualifying VT was induced, (3) 18% would implant ICDs in selected patients without nonsustained VT, but with EF< 35% if qualifying VT was induced. Extrapolation of these results to the total number of new implants in 1998 suggests that approximately 5000 ICDs were placed for MADIT indications. However, individual practices were highly variable, with some extrapolation from strict indications based on patient presentation and physician judgment. A.N. E. 2000; 5(3):248–254
Are there practical opportunities for developing leadership skills during GP training and beyond? A survey of GP trainees and trainers in South East Scotland

Abstract Background: There is currently a lack of formal training in leadership skills, particularly during GP training. This study aimed to explore the current training and practical opportunities which exist, specifically exploring the views of GP trainees and trainers. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was sent to 266 GP trainees and trainers in south-east Scotland. Questions focused on respondents’ experience of leadership-specific training and opportunities to engage with leadership roles. Results: There were a total of 76 respondents (28.6% response rate). Response rate was 19.0% in trainees and 34.6% in trainers. A majority of respondents (80.0%) were established GPs. Of those who had received training in leadership, most (72.1%) underwent this after qualifying as a GP. Respondents identified a range of leadership roles within and outside the practice covering clinical and non-clinical areas. Most were interested in future leadership roles (46.7% moderately interested; 28% very interested). More time, training opportunities and the presence of GP role models were motivating factors in terms of participants’ readiness to take on future leadership roles. Conclusions: Signposting trainees, trainers and general practitioners to leadership opportunities and training would be relatively easy but addressing a lack of motivating factors at a local level is essential. The effectiveness of such training and opportunities for experiential learning in leadership roles requires further research.
Intravital two‐photon microscopy: focus on speed and time resolved imaging modalities

Summary: Initially used mainly in the neurosciences, two‐photon microscopy has become a powerful tool for the analysis of immunological processes. Here, we describe currently available two‐photon microscopy techniques with a focus on novel approaches that allow very high image acquisition rates compared with state‐of‐the‐art systems. This improvement is achieved through a parallelization of the excitation process: multiple beams scan the sample simultaneously, and the fluorescence is collected with sensitive charge‐coupled device (CCD)‐based line or field detectors. The new technique's performance is compared with conventional single beam laser‐scanning systems that detect signals by means of photomultipliers. We also discuss the use of time‐ and polarization‐resolved fluorescence detection, especially fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), which goes beyond simple detection of cells and tissue structures and allows insight into cellular physiology. We focus on the analysis of endogenous fluorophores such as NAD(P)H as a way to analyze the redox status in cells with subcellular resolution. Here, high‐speed imaging setups in combination with novel ways of data analysis allow the generation of FLIM data sets almost in real time. The implications of this technology for the analysis of immune reactions and other cellular processes are discussed.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection

Purpose of review To review studies that improve the current knowledge on the epidemiology, virulence factors, detection, and chronic complications of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection. Recent findings EAEC infection is an important cause of diarrhea in outbreak and non-outbreak settings in developing and developed countries. In the USA, EAEC is one of the most common bacterial pathogens identified in cases of diarrhea not associated with immunodeficiency or foreign travel. Important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of this enteropathogen. The extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV have been shown to function as receptors for adherence frimbriae. A distinct aggregative adherence pilin hdaA has been identrified. The diagnosis of EAEC depends on the observation of the characteristic ‘stacked-brick’ like adhesion pattern when co-cultured with HEp-2 cells. At the molecular level, strains demonstrating the aggregative phenotype are heterogeneous; however, several virulence factors can be detected by polymerase chain reaction. Several EAEC proteins have shown antigenicity and could become vaccine candidates. Recently, infection with EAEC has been implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome, but this remains to be confirmed. Summary There has been significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis and clinical profile of EAEC infection.
On the trade‐off between energy saving and number of switchings in green cellular networks

Cellular networks are optimized by targeting multiple objectives. Usually, the different objectives are not coherent: minimizing the transmit power; the number of base station (BS) sleep‐mode switchings, ie, active/sleep state transitions; and the activity of the BSs and guaranteeing the quality‐of‐service (QoS) of users. Hence, suitable trade‐offs have to be managed by network planners to provide an efficient solution to the challenge of booming mobile data. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective optimization framework aimed at minimizing the power consumption and the number of BS sleep‐mode switchings in cellular networks, by jointly considering QoS requirements. These requirements are expressed in terms of a required bit rate for each mobile terminal. The framework deals with network management, such as the number of BSs that should be switched on, considering common diurnal patterns of the traffic demand. The optimization technique proposed in this paper is mixed‐integer quadratic programming, which solves the joint power allocation and user association problem while also considering optimized bandwidth allocation schemes. The trade‐off between the conflicting objectives, as well as the performance analysis in terms of the throughput and energy consumption of the network, is shown for different traffic load cases. The proposed optimization can obtain up to 60% energy savings during off‐peak hours, guaranteeing QoS target requirements. By optimizing the network configuration, a 70% reduction in BS switch on/off operations can be reached in a day with 3% more energy expense.
Antidiabetic activity of anacardium occidentale in alloxan – diabetic rats

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of inner bark extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Anacardiceae) in normal (normoglycemic) and in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The inner reddish bark of the plant was extracted with ethanol and screened for hypoglycemic activity in a model of alloxan-induced diabetes in at species. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract led to fractions that displayed diverse hypoglycemic effects at doses of 34.0, 200.0 and 300.0 mg/kg body weight. The alloxan-diabetic rats showed significant reduction in plasma glucose level after treatment with the fractions. These results lend support to the validity of the folkloric use of A. occidentale in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II.