Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapidly increasing macroalgal cover not related to herbivorous fishes on Mesoamerican reefs

Long-term phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominated reef systems are well documented in the Caribbean. Although the impact of coral diseases, climate change and other factors is acknowledged, major herbivore loss through disease and overfishing is often assigned a primary role. However, direct evidence for the link between herbivore abundance, macroalgal and coral cover is sparse, particularly over broad spatial scales. In this study we use a database of coral reef surveys performed at 85 sites along the Mesoamerican Reef of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras, to examine potential ecological links by tracking site trajectories over the period 2005–2014. Despite the long-term reduction of herbivory capacity reported across the Caribbean, the Mesoamerican Reef region displayed relatively low macroalgal cover at the onset of the study. Subsequently, increasing fleshy macroalgal cover was pervasive. Herbivorous fish populations were not responsible for this trend as fleshy macroalgal cover change was not correlated with initial herbivorous fish biomass or change, and the majority of sites experienced increases in macroalgae browser biomass. This contrasts the coral reef top-down herbivore control paradigm and suggests the role of external factors in making environmental conditions more favourable for algae. Increasing macroalgal cover typically suppresses ecosystem services and leads to degraded reef systems. Consequently, policy makers and local coral reef managers should reassess the focus on herbivorous fish protection and consider complementary measures such as watershed management in order to arrest this trend.
Metabotropic glutamate type 5, dopamine D2 and adenosine A2a receptors form higher‐order oligomers in living cells

G protein‐coupled receptors are known to form homo‐ and heteromers at the plasma membrane, but the stoichiometry of these receptor oligomers are relatively unknown. Here, by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we visualized for the first time the occurrence of heterodimers of metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptors (mGlu5R) and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in living cells. Furthermore, the combination of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer techniques, as well as the sequential resonance energy transfer technique, allowed us to detect the occurrence receptor oligomers containing more than two protomers, mGlu5R, D2R and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). Interestingly, by using high‐resolution immunoelectron microscopy we could confirm that the three receptors co‐distribute within the extrasynaptic plasma membrane of the same dendritic spines of asymmetrical, putative glutamatergic, striatal synapses. Also, co‐immunoprecipitation experiments in native tissue demonstrated the existence of an association of mGlu5R, D2R and A2AR in rat striatum homogenates. Overall, these results provide new insights into the molecular composition of G protein‐coupled receptor oligomers in general and the mGlu5R/D2R/A2AR oligomer in particular, a receptor oligomer that might constitute an important target for the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders.
Postoperative Surveillance Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Cerebellar Astrocytoma

Introduction: Patients with low grade astrocytomas generally have good prognosis when total resection can be achieved, but surveillance neuroimaging is commonly performed to detect recurrence or progression. This study evaluated the utility and yield of such strategy for pilocytic and non-pilocytic cerebellar astrocytomas. Methods: A 20-year retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing resection of cerebellar astrocytoma at a single institution. A negative MRI string (NMS) ratio was computed as the fraction of total follow-up period over which surveillance neuroimaging was negative for recurrence or progression. Chi-squared analysis differentiated NMS ratio by resection extent and lesion histopathology. Results: Twenty-eight patients with pilocytic (n=15) and non-pilocytic (n=13) astrocytoma underwent 34 craniotomies, with total resection in 19 cases. Surveillance MRIs (n=167) among total resection patients were uniformly negative for recurrent disease at average seven years follow-up (NMS ratio = 1.0). The 43 surveillance MRIs among subtotal resection patients revealed disease progression in two patients within six months of operation (NMS ratio = 0.78, p<0.05). No differences in NMS ratio were observed between pilocytic and non-pilocytic astrocytoma subtypes. Discussion: This study illustrates pediatric patients with low-grade cerebellar astrocytomas undergoing total resection may not benefit from routine surveillance neuroimaging, primarily because of low recurrence likelihood. Patients with subtotal resection may benefit from surveillance of residual disease, with further work aimed at exploring the schedule of such follow-up.
Do Reform Values Matter? Federal Worker Satisfaction and Turnover Intention at the Dawn of the Trump Presidency

With heightened bureaucratic bashing and the planned reorganization of the U.S. federal bureaucracy, hiring is going to be difficult, but what could make those already in the service satisfied and willing to stay in their jobs? How could flexible work systems have an impact on worker job satisfaction and turnover intention? Using hierarchical linear modeling, we explore the impact of alternative work systems on employee job satisfaction and turnover intention in the context of values underlying managerial reforms. Flexible work systems are found to have a positive impact moderated by the kind of values promoted by particular reforms. A discussion on the main findings, research, and practical implications for public human resource management theory and practice is provided.
Effectiveness of the LUCAS device for mechanical chest compression after cardiac arrest: systematic review of experimental, observational and animal studies

Context The LUCAS mechanical chest compression device may be better than manual chest compression during resuscitation attempts after cardiac arrest. Objective To summarise the evidence about the effectiveness of LUCAS. Data sources Searches of 4 electronic databases, reference lists of included studies, review articles, clinical guidelines, and the manufacturer's web site. No language restrictions were applied. Date of last search: September 2011. Study selection All studies, of any design, comparing mechanical chest compression using LUCAS with manual chest compression, with human or animal subjects. Studies published only as abstracts were included. Manikin studies, and case reports or case series, were excluded. Data extraction Data were extracted on study methodology and outcomes, including return of spontaneous circulation, survival, injuries caused by resuscitation, and physiological parameters. Results 22 papers reporting 16 separate studies were included. There was one randomised trial, nine cohort studies, 2 before/after studies and 4 animal studies. No meta-analyses were performed because of high risk of bias and heterogeneity in the study designs. Animal studies suggested an advantage to LUCAS in terms of physiological parameters, but human studies did not suggest an advantage in ROSC or survival. Existing evidence is low quality because most studies were small and many were poorly reported. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to make any recommendations for clinical practice. Large scale, high quality randomised trials of LUCAS are needed. Studies that have so far been published only as abstracts should be reported fully.
Survey on Chinese breast cancer patients' husbands toward breast conserving surgery.

PURPOSE Husband, as an important member of the family, greatly impacts the treatment decision. In this study, we sought to evaluate the attitudes toward breast conserving surgery (BCS) in Chinese breast cancer patients' husbands and explore the influencing factors. METHODS A self-structured questionnaire was distributed to the husbands of 1600 wives with breast cancer, eliciting information on their general information, the level of understanding of BCS, attitudes toward BCS and affecting reasons. RESULTS In all, 1468 (91.8%) husbands completed the questionnaire. Collation of the responses showed that only 3.0% had a good understanding of BCS and 81.5% did not favor BCS. Patients' husbands perception were associated with their age, religion, occupation, educational background, method of payment of medical expenses, understanding the disease condition and doctor's recommendations (p<0.05). The top reason was "fear of incomplete resection, which could easily lead to recurrence and metastasis". CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that Chinese husbands have skepticism and lack comprehensive and correct understanding for BCS. Meanwhile, their desire of obtaining knowledge was not strong. The results suggest a need for fundamental changes in husbands' education to ensure that they are able to obtain enough information so that they can help their wives make educated decisions.
[Guideline for surgical treatment (endarterectomy) and endovascular (angioplasty with distal protection and stenting) for secondary prevention treatment of ischemic stroke secondary to carotid atheroesclerotic disease].

Importancia de la enfermedad ateroesclerosa carotidea y generalidades sobre las estrategias de intervencion en la arteria carotida con fines de prevencion A nivel mundial, la tercera parte de los infartos cerebrales (IC) son atribuidos a embolismo arteria-arteria, lo cual se encuentra directamente relacionado a enfermedad aterosclerosa carotidea. En Mexico, los resultados de un estudio hospitalario prospectivo y multicentrico, mostraron que la frecuencia de enfermedad de grandes arterias representa 8.4% de la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquemica. Es probable, sin embargo, que esta cifra subestime la frecuencia real, toda vez que en dicho registro la frecuencia de eventos isquemicos de origen indeterminado fue elevado (41%). Esto parece deberse a un bajo escrutinio en busca de enfermedad aterosclerosa de grandes vasos, en particular de las arterias carotidas, lo cual limita la realizacion de procedimientos invasivos como angioplastia con colocacion de stent y endarterectomia carotidea, esta ultima la estrategia de mayor impacto en la prevencion secundaria del IC.
A potential way for efficient information sharing based on mobile text messaging

These days most educated individuals own a mobile phone that is rapidly becoming one of their primary and main commutation devices. The most basic mobiles are able to send and receive text messages, which are normally considered to be the most energy efficient and cheapest commutation method. This paper was inspired by the simple communication method used in mobile devices, Short Message Service (SMS) or text messaging, creating an efficient geographical information sharing platform for ubiquitous and volunteer data gathering. With the help of two open SOA platforms 1) Skype cloud SMS-gateway, and 2) Sensor.Network a web of things platform, we were able to create a globally accessible information platform which is capable of receiving spatial information via SMS from anywhere anytime. This information platform is compatible with the Open Geographical Consortium (OGC) standards and all data can be accessed via the web services for further process and sharing purposes.
Has Monetary Policy Maintained its Eectiveness

Can monetary authority nowadays use the same conventional instruments to accommodate undesirable effects of shocks as effectively as at the beginning of the Volcker era? Or has the (changed) economic environment characterizing the last thirty years diminished its effectiveness? The answer is no to the first question and, consequently, yes to the second question. We estimate a dynamic structural general equilibrium model in the two subsamples, 1955-1979 and 1984-2012, and find that the effectiveness of monetary policy, i.e. its ability to counteract undesired shocks that influence inflation, has declined. We document that the main reason behind this decline is related to the changed properties of the labor market. JEL Classification: E52, E32.
Hepatitis C and depression

Although the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is declining, a large reservoir of patients with chronic hepatitis C exists. Unless effective HCV antiviral regimens are developed, many patients with asymptomatic HCV will develop clinical symptoms in the next 15 to 20 years. Mood disorders are common in patients with HCV referred for psychiatric consultation. Interferon is the primary treatment for chronic hepatitis C but can induce depression and other mental and neuropsychiatric syndromes. Mood disorders associated with hepatitis C may respond to psychiatric intervention. Psychiatrists need to be aware of the clinical issues in the diagnosis and treatment of depression complicating chronic hepatitis C. Depression and Anxiety 7:188–193, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marked activation of complement and leukocytes and an increase in the concentrations of soluble endothelial adhesion molecules during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early reperfusion after cardiac arrest in humans

Objective Animal studies have demonstrated that reperfusion disorders occurring after cardiac arrest affect outcome. Reperfusion injury can be caused by activation of complement, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and PMN-endothelial interaction. We studied different specific markers of these processes during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. Design Prospective clinical trial. Setting University hospital. Patients A total of 55 patients who underwent out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation for nontraumatic causes. Interventions Blood samples were drawn immediately, 15 mins, and 30 mins after initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the case of restoration of spontaneous circulation, additional blood samples were taken at serial time points until 7 days after cardiac arrest. Measurements and Main Results A marked activation of complement and PMN was found in all patients investigated. Serum concentrations of specific activation markers of the complement system, anaphylatoxin C3a and the soluble membrane attack complex SC5b-9, and PMN elastase were increased during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and for ≤48 hrs after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Compared with controls at 30 mins after initiation of cardiac massage, concentrations of C3a, SC5b-9, and PMN elastase were increased in patients without and in those with restoration of spontaneous circulation. PMN elastase concentrations were significantly greater in patients without restoration of spontaneous circulation than in those who could be stabilized. In addition, the plasma concentrations of the soluble P-selectin were significantly increased between 15 mins and 24 hrs after the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were increased between 2 hrs and 72 hrs. Conclusions Our data clearly demonstrate a marked activation of complement and PMN and an increased PMN-endothelial interaction during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early reperfusion after cardiac arrest in humans. These changes are known to induce reperfusion disorders and tissue injury and point to new therapeutic options to improve outcome after cardiac arrest.
Genetic polymorphism of the LW blood group system

Family studies of rare LW(a‐b+) propositi confirm the recent finding based on frequency studies that the LW blood groups are polymorphic in Finland (Sistonen & Tippett, 1982); they are controlled by two alleles LWa (0.97) and LW* (0.03) independent from most other common blood group loci. Loci scores for LW and the loci for 27 markers are presented.
Cognitive Training and Work Therapy for the Treatment of Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits in Veterans With Alcohol Use Disorders

Abstract Objective: This study focused on the efficacy of cognitive training for verbal learning and memory deficits in a population of older veterans with alcohol use disorders. Methods: Veterans with alcohol use disorders, who were in outpatient treatment at VA facilities and in early-phase recovery (N = 31), were randomized to receive a three-month trial of daily cognitive training plus work therapy (n = 15) or work therapy alone (n = 16), along with treatment as usual. Participants completed assessments at baseline and at three- and six-month follow-ups; the Hopkins Verbal Learning Task (HVLT) was the primary outcome measure. Results: Participants were primarily male (97%) and in their mid-50s (M = 55.16, SD = 5.16) and had been sober for 1.64 (SD = 2.81) months. Study retention was excellent (91% at three-month follow-up) and adherence to treatment in both conditions was very good. On average, participants in the cognitive training condition had more than 41 hours of cognitive training, and both conditions had more than 230 hours of productive activity. HVLT results at three-month follow-up revealed significant condition effects favoring cognitive training for verbal learning (HVLT Trial-3 T-score, p < .005, Cohen's d = 1.3) and verbal memory (HVLT Total T-score, p < .01, Cohen's d = 1.1). Condition effects were sustained at six-month follow-up. At baseline, 55.9% of participants showed a significant deficit in verbal memory and 58.8% showed a deficit in verbal learning compared with a premorbid estimate of verbal IQ. At three-month follow-up there was a significant reduction in the number of participants in the cognitive training condition with clinically significant verbal memory deficits (p < .01, number needed to treat = 3.0) compared with the work therapy alone condition and a trend toward significance for verbal learning deficits, which was not sustained at six-month follow-up. Conclusions: This National Institute on Drug Abuse–funded pilot study demonstrates that cognitive training within the context of another activating intervention (work therapy) may have efficacy in remediating verbal learning and memory deficits in patients with alcohol use disorder. Findings indicate a large effect for cognitive training in this pilot study, which suggests that further research is warranted. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 01410110).
[Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on retinal cell apoptosis in premature rats with retinopathy].

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation on retinal cells apoptosis and changes to neurotrophin-3 (NT-3 and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in rats with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control (CON), ROP, BMSC transplantation (BMSCs were transplanted 5 days after oxygen conditioning) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) groups. The ROP model was prepared according to the classic hyperoxygen method. Seven days after transplantation, TUNEL/DAPI, NT-3/API and CNTF/DAPI double-labeled immunofluorescence were used to examine the effects of BMSC transplantation on both the apoptosis of retinal cells and the expression of NT-3 and CNTF protein in the retinal cells of the ROP rats. RESULTS Seven days after BMSC transplantation, there were few TUNEL+ DAPI+ cells observed in the CON group. There were fewer TUNEL+DAPI+ cells observed in the BMSC group than in the ROP group (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the ROP and PBS groups (P>0.05). There were few NT-3+DAPI+ cells and CNTF+DAPI+ cells in the CON group. There were more NT-3+DAPI+ and CNTF+DAPI+ cells in the ROP group than in the CON group, but there was no significant difference between the ROP and CON groups (P>0.05). More NT-3+DAPI+ and CNTF+DAPI+ cells were observed in the BMSC group compared with the ROP group (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in either NT-3+DAPI+ or CNTF+DAPI+ cells between the ROP and PBS groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS BMSC transplantation therapy could alleviate the apoptosis of retinal cells in ROP rats, and its mechanisms might be associated with promoting the expression of NT-3 and CNTF protein in retinal cells.
Towards Practical Tools for Side Channel Aware Software Engineering: 'Grey Box' Modelling for Instruction Leakages

Power (along with EM, cache and timing) leaks are of considerable concern for developers who have to deal with cryptographic components as part of their over-all software implementation, in particular in the context of embedded devices. Whilst there exist some compiler tools to detect timing leaks, similar progress towards pinpointing power and EM leaks has been hampered by limits on the amount of information available about the physical components from which such leaks originate. We suggest a novel modelling technique capable of producing high-quality instruction-level power (and/or EM) models without requiring a detailed hardware description of a processor nor information about the used process technology (access to both of which is typically restricted). We show that our methodology is eﬀective at capturing diﬀerential data-dependent eﬀects as neighbouring instructions in a sequence vary. We also explore register eﬀects, and verify our models across several measurement boards to comment on board eﬀects and portability. We conﬁrm its versatility by demonstrating the basic technique on two processors (the ARM Cortex-M0 and M4), and use the M0 models to develop ELMO, the ﬁrst leakage simulator for the ARM Cortex M0.
The Investment Development Path: Evidence from Poland and Other Countries of the Visegrád Group

ABSTRACT This article discusses Polish foreign direct investment against that of the other Central and Eastern European countries belonging to the so-called Visegrád Group. The article is a continuation of this author’s previous work, now revised and taking into account a longer perspective of the analysis, theoretical recommendations modifying and widening the scope of the Investment Development Path model, the results of analytical studies published by other authors as well as the results of two research projects conducted by a Nicolaus Copernicus University team between 2006–2009 and 2010–2013. This article’s fundamental aim is to define the current stage of Poland’s economic development according to the Investment Development Path trajectory. The author concludes that Poland is in its third stage of development according to the Investment Development Path model, although still in an early phase of that stage.