Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol oxidase: an oöstatic and larvicidal agent active against the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis

The enzyme cholesterol oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.6), purified from Streptomyces culture filtrate was previously found to have oral insecticidal activity on neonate larvae of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman) from a laboratory population. In the present study, second instar larvae were also controlled by the enzyme at diet concentrations similar to those which control neonates (12 day LC50 = 2.4 μg.ml−1 in diet). Larvae from field‐collected adults were similarly susceptible to cholesterol oxidase in the diet. When ingested by adult females during the mating/pre‐oviposition period, cholesterol oxidase greatly reduced subsequent oviposition (83% reduction in eggs laid as compared to controls) and larval survival (97% reduction from controls). Dissection of treated adult females revealed poorly developed ovaries and few developing oöcytes. These studies were conducted to further evaluate the utility of cholesterol oxidase in a program to establish boll weevil‐resistant transgenic cotton.
Compositional changes of selected amino acids, organic acids, and soluble sugars in the xylem sap of N, P, or K‐deficient tomato plants

Xylem sap plays a major role in long-distance transport of water, nutrients, and metabolites. However, there is little information on the behavior of metabolites in mineral-deficient xylem sap. For this reason, the time-dependent changes in selected metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, and soluble sugars) from tomato xylem sap in response to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or potassium (K)-deficient condition were investigated. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were grown hydroponically in liquid culture under three different mineral regimes: N-deficient [0.5 mM Ca(NO3)2 and 0.5 mM KNO3], P-deficient (0.05 mM KH2PO4), and K-deficient (0.5 mM KNO3), respectively. Xylem sap was collected at 10:00 am after 1, 5, 15, and 30 d, and the selected metabolites were analyzed with liquid chromatography. All N, P, or K deficiencies led to a substantial increase in metabolites in the xylem sap. The predominant amino acid in the xylem sap was glutamine and, interestingly, all mineral deficiencies resulted in a substantial amount of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Additionally, organic acids (citrate and malate) and soluble sugars were strongly increased in all mineral deficiencies, and, in particular, the level of shikimate was greatly affected by N deficiency. Based on these data, it is necessary to clearly elucidate an unknown event taking place in xylem loading in a variety of environmental impacts, and we are now studying to expand our knowledge on metabolic and proteomic responses using GC-MS and LC-MS.
ACOUSTIC REPERTOIRE OF APLASTODISCUS ARILDAE AND A. LEUCOPYGIUS (ANURA: HYLIDAE) IN SERRA DO JAPI, BRAZIL

Abstract In many anuran species, vocalizations play an important role in the establishment of their social organization. From March 2004 to January 2006 calls of Aplastodiscus arildae and A. leucopygius were recorded in the Serra do Japi, Municipality of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil. We identified three different calls for both studied species and their functions were determined analyzing the social context in which they were emitted. We measured the following call parameters: minimum and maximum frequency of the harmonics, dominant frequency, intensity of the calls, interval between calls, repetition rates, and duration of the calls. Advertisement call parameters of A. arildae and A. leucopygius agree with the data available in the literature. However, in the present study, new information on the advertisement call of A. leucopygius and its social implication and the description of territorial and courtship calls of A. arildae were obtained.
Nonparametric Motion Retargeting for Humanoid Robots on Shared Latent Space

—In this work, we present a semi-supervised learning method to transfer human motion data to humanoid robots with its emphasis on the feasibility of transferred robot motions. To this end, we propose a data-driven motion retargeting method named locally weighted latent learning (LWL 2 ) which possesses the beneﬁts of both nonparametric regression and deep latent variable modeling. The method can leverage both paired and domain-speciﬁc datasets and can maintain robot motion feasibility owing to the nonparametric regression and graph-based heuristics it uses. The proposed method is evaluated using two different humanoid robots, the Robotis ThorMang and COMAN, in simulation environments with diverse motion capture datasets. Furthermore, the online puppeteering of a real humanoid robot is implemented.
Aspects du parc à Karités - Nérés ( Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. f. Parkia biglobosa Jacq. Benth) dans le Sud du Borgou (Bénin)

Le parc a karites et neres du Borgou (50 a 100 pieds de ligneux a l'hectare) est le principal systeme de production d'une region qui compte 12 habitants au km2. Outre la drupe du Karite et les gousses du nere, sont egalement cueillis ou ramasses les fruits de Tamarindus indica, de Strychnos spinosa, ainsi que le bois de feu (Anogeissus leiocarpus) ou de construction (teck) et des produits a usage pharmaceutique ou artisanal d'une douzaine d'autres especes ligneuses associees a ce parc. Le developpement de la culture du coton et le passage regulier des feux apparaissent comme les principales menaces de degradation de ce systeme agrosylvicole traditionnel stable
Attempts to eliminate Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus from grapevine clones.

SUMMARY The presence of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) together with other viruses can cause severe damage to infected grapevine plants, therefore the use of GRSPaV-free vines for multiplication and vineyard planting is highly desirable. This paper reports on several virus eradication techniques applied to grapevine clones in attempts to eliminate GRSPaV. The presence of GRSPaV was determined by RT-PCR. The traditional sanitation techniques, i.e. meristem tip culture, in vivo and in vitro thermotherapy, did not provide satisfactory results since more than two-thirds of derived lines were still GRSPaV-infected after treatment. However, regeneration through somatic embryogenesis always gave rise to plants free from GRSPaV. Among the tested techniques, somatic embryogenesis seems to be the most promising procedure for GRSPaV elimination, despite the technical problems related to the use of this technique and the theoretical possibility of somaclonal variation.
A review of the welfare issues for sows and piglets in relation to housing

This review of sow welfare addresses all aspects of housing for adult female pigs, including the issue of piglet welfare during lactation. It puts the issue of sow welfare in perspective by briefly outlining different approaches to the scientific assessment of welfare, the 'feelings, preference, nature, and the functional or home- ostasis' approaches. We believe the last approach currently offers science the best assessment of welfare and is the approach that is utilised in this review. It involves comparing housing or husbandry systems and risks to welfare on the basis of relative changes in biological (behavioural and physiological) responses and corresponding decreases in fitness (growth rate, reproductive performance, or health/injury/immunology). The review discusses the following areas: (i) housing of individually housed pregnant pigs, with subsections on tethers, stalls, reproductive performance, exercise, and new stall designs; conventional, alternative, and outdoor group housing with subsections on aggression, electronic feeding stations, ecoshelters, and other alternative group housing designs; and other issues, such as lameness, culling, straw and other substrates, diet and hunger, quality of stockpeople, and housing around mating including oestrus detection and mating; and (ii) farrowing and lactating pigs with subsections on farrowing crates and alternative farrowing systems, stress around farrowing and during lactation, maternal behaviour and piglet survival, and sow and piglet injury and lameness. Conclusions and recommendations arising from the review include the need for public education to provide an informed consumer base that will result in some consensus on welfare issues among diverse interest groups and the need for industry education that results in better animal welfare and a sustainable industry. Some specific research recommendations include space allowance and the duration of housing for individually housed pigs, welfare issues of breeding sows in ecoshelters, piglet mortality in alternative systems, aggression in conventional and large groups, bedding, and hunger.
Distribution, Biology, and Management of Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa)

Diffuse knapweed, a biennial or short-lived perennial, and spotted knapweed, a perennial, are taprooted Eurasian weeds invading rangeland in the western United States and Canada. Knapweed (Centaurea spp.) invasion is associated with reductions in biodiversity, wildlife, and livestock forage, and increased erosion. Spotted knapweed grows to about 1 m and usually has purple flowers, whereas diffuse knapweed is slightly shorter, usually with white flowers. Persistent flower bracts on diffuse knapweed bear a rigid terminal spine about 8 mm long with four or five pairs of shorter lateral spines. Bracts on spotted knapweed have dark spotted tips. Knapweed management involves a combination of containing infestations and control efforts. Hand pulling in areas with small infestations can be effective for controlling spotted and diffuse knapweeds. Picloram applied at 0.28 kg ha−1 provides control for about 3 yr. Effective long-term control of knapweeds requires periodic applications of picloram, which are only cost-effective on highly productive range sites with a residual grass understory. About 12 insect species have been released for knapweed biocontrol. Seed production has been reduced by 46% by insects feeding in the flower heads. Although insects have not reduced spotted knapweed densities, they may stress the weed and shift the competitive balance to associated species. Sheep grazing reduces the density of very young seedlings and may limit seedling recruitment into the population. In areas without a residual understory of desired plant species, revegetation of knapweed-infested rangeland is required. Components of any integrated weed management program are sustained effort, constant evaluation, and the adoption of improved strategies.
LA CROSSE ENCEPHALITIS: A REVIEW

Summary La crosse Encephalitis, also called California Encephalitis, is a viral disease that is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito. Although it remains symptom free, in some people the virus causes swelling in the brain, called encephalitis. Most cases of LAC encephalitis occur in children under 16 years of age.LAC virus is a Bunyavirus and is a zoonotic pathogen cycled between the daytime-biting tree hole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus and vertebrate amplifier hosts in deciduous forest habitats. Bunyaviruses replicate in arthropods. The gut of the vector is infected initially and after a few days or weeks the virus appears in the saliva; the arthropod then remains infective for life but is not ill. Viremia subsides with the appearance of humoral antibody and the host recovers unless a specific target organ usually brain is damaged. Humans may become ill when infected, but human blood rarely infects biting arthropods in the natural cycle; therefore, humans are usually dead-end hosts. Even with systemic viremia, significant virus reproduction occurs in the nasal turbinates and the virus may seed the CNS via the olfactory nerves. No vaccine till today is available and treatment is only symptomatic.
COMPARTIVE STUDY OF LIPASE AND PROTEASE ENZYMES IN TWO DIFFERENT SOURCES

The production of extracellular lipase (triacylglyc erol hydrolase) is a widely distributed phenomenon among eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms.Commercial microbial lipase have been used in dairy and othe r food processes, and lipase produced in situ by Microorga nisms are important in making food palatable and ac ceptable. Microbial lipases have been in detergents, pharmace uticals, cosmetic, leather processing, production o f aliphatic acid, and in the treatment of domestic and industri al wastes. The treatement of lipolytic enzyme in po wder from free of other enzyme, and sometime they are microencapsulated for specialized applications. In the present study, when we compared to Microbial Lipase and protease with Vegetable seeds. Protease activity more in Mustard seeds 6188 HUT /gm and least in Thil seeds 2917 HUT /gm it is due to microbes serve as a preferred source of these industrial enzymes, 75% a re hydrolytic. Proteases from plant, animal and mic robial sources account for about 60% of total enzyme sales . Most of the commercial proteases are of bacterial origin and have been extensively studied. Whereas Lipase activity more in Thil seeds 50 LU/gm to least in Sunflower seeds 10 LU/gm was observed since, oil as carbon source, peptone as nitrogen source, at pH 7.0 and temperature at 37°C. Lipase is synthesized in the cytosol and gets associated with oil body membrane during s eed germination. Lipase activity has also been show n to be initially localized at its storage sites in the pro tein storage vacuoles (PSVs) prior to seed germinat ion, and its transfer to oil body surface during early phase of seed germ ination in sunflower. The microbial Lipase from Bacillus sps, and Pseudomonas putida and protease in Bacillus subtilis, the protease activity increased as the increase in enzyme concen tration; optimum substrate concentration (gelatin) was 0.5% (w/v); an optimum incubation temperature was 35 oC. Purified protease enzyme had a maximum activity at pH 7.0 of phosphate buffer, and the optimum incubation tim e was 24 h. Lipase enzyme producing organism was isolated and Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp. was identified as highly active strain in the present study.The pr esent study emphasized the possibility of the production and pu rification microbial protease and lipase enzymes ar e ideal for application in industrial scale.
Implications paléoenvironnementales de l'étude isotopique (¹³C, 15N) de la faune des grands mammifères des Jamblancs (Dordogne, France) / Isotopic study (¹³C, 15N) of large mammal fauna from Les Jamblancs (Dordogne, France) : paleoenvironnemental implications

Une etude isotopique a ete menee sur les vestiges de grands mammiferes du site des Jamblancs. L'etat de conservation des ossements fossiles, selectionnes sur la base des donnees paleontologiques, est dans l'ensemble satisfaisant. Des differences sont neanmoins observables en fonction du type de depot et semblent dependre des conditions diagenetiques. La preservation quantitative et qualitative du collagene permet d'interpreter les teneurs en ¹³C et en 15N en termes paleobiologiques. Les herbivores presentent des teneurs en ¹³C caracteristiques de milieu ouvert. Les chevaux des Jamblancs se distinguent significa- tivement des rennes par des teneurs en ¹³C plus basses, quel que soit le niveau considere. Les teneurs en 15N de ces deux especes presentent des differences entre le niveau solutreen et les niveaux magdaleniens. Le site des Jamblancs apparait representatif du point de vue isotopique des tendances observees a l'echelle de la region sud-ouest pour la periode consideree. La composition isotopique du Loup indique que cet individu appartient a la meme chaine alimentaire que les grands Ongules chasses par l'Homme. Le suivi de l'evolution des signatures isotopiques des mammiferes au cours du Paleolithique superieur, en systematisant ce type d'approche, offre des perspectives interessantes pour la comprehension des paleoecosystemes.
Expression of an ABA-induced gene of tomato in transgenic tobacco during periods of water deficit

The gene le25 is an abscisic acid (ABA)-induced gene of tomato which is expressed both in wilted vegetative organs and developing seeds. Spatial and temporal expression was analysed in tobacco plants transformed with a chimeric gene in which 5'-upstream DNA sequences of le25 were fused to the E. coli uidA gene, which encodes β-glucuronidase (GUS). Histochemical staining revealed that GUS was expressed in all tissues of vegetative organs in response to water deficit. Exogenous ABA induced expression to a lesser extent, even though ABA content was the same as drought-stressed leaves, indicating a difference in response to endogenous ABA compared to exogenous ABA. Water-deficit-induced GUS expression in floral tissues was examined in pre-anthesis floral buds from four different stages (I-IV ; 11, 16, 33, 49 mm bud length, respectively). While non-stressed floral organs showed no GUS activity except in pollen at stages III and IV, GUS activity was water-deficit-induced in sepals of all stages, petals of stage II, and stigmas of stage II and III. In seeds, GUS activity was detected in both the embryo and endosperm at 15 d post-anthesis, which coincided with a large increase in the concentration of ABA in the seed. In transgenic plants, the le25 5'-flanking DNA drove expression of GUS during water deficit in two modes : non-tissue-specific expression in vegetative organs, and tissue-specific expression in reproductive organs. The location of GUS activity indicated that ABA concentration is elevated throughout the tissues of the leaf during periods of water deficit.
INVESTIGATION OF SGH PERFORMANCE AND REPEATABILITY

Standard Gain Horns (SGH) are utilized frequently either as measurements antenna or as reference antenna in antenna gain measurements by comparison or substitution method [1]. They also find use as source antennas in anechoic test chambers and for many other purposes such as fixed site antennas. The most widespread SGH geometry has a rectangular crosssection and is pyramidal with optimized geometry to achieve maximum gain [2, 3, 4]. When used as a precision gain reference in antenna measurements the SGH is often calibrated by a reference facility or another third party. When external or internal calibration means are not available the SGH peak gain is often determined directly from the reference tables of the NRL report [2]. The quality of the original work is such that even today the associated uncertainty on these peak gain values are generally accepted to be within +/-0.3dB [1]. In this paper the accuracy of the NRL gain tables are investigated by comparison with a full wave numerical method based on FDTD [7] and measurements in different antenna test ranges. Performance variation of the SATIMO Standard Gain Horns due to the manufacturing and measurement accuracy has been also investigated with conducted and radiated experiments.
Mobile Phones Know Your Keystrokes through the Sounds from Finger’s Tapping on the Screen

Mobile phones nowadays are equipped with at least dual microphones. We find when a user is typing on a phone, the sounds generated from the vibration caused by finger’s tapping on the screen surface can be captured by both microphones, and these recorded sounds alone are informative enough to infer the user’s keystrokes. This ability can be leveraged to enable useful application designs, while it also raises a crucial privacy risk that the private information typed by users on mobile phones has a great potential to be leaked through such a recognition ability. In this paper, we address two key design issues and demonstrate, more importantly alarm people, that this risk is possible, which could be related to many of us when we use our mobile phones. We implement our proposed techniques in a prototype system and conduct extensive experiments. The evaluation results indicate promising successful rates for more than 4000 keystrokes from different users on various types of mobile phones.
Respuestas de observación y resistencia a la extinción

The resistance to extinction of observing behavior was determined by removing the primary reinforcer and presenting only a stimulus associated with reinforcement (S+), only a stimulus associated with extinction (S-), and only a neutral stimulus. In three training conditions of 30 sessions each, lever pressing by rats was reinforced on a mixed random ratio 50 extinction. Each press on a second lever (observing) produced for 5 s an S+ during the reinforcement component and an S- during extinction. After each training condition, rats were exposed to 10 sessions of extinction in which the mixed schedule was discontinued. In each of the three successive extinction conditions, each press on the observing lever produced only the S+, only the S-, or only the neutral stimulus. The order of exposure was different for each rat. Presenting the S+ increased and presenting the S- decreased resistance to extinction relative to the neutral stimulus. These findings suggest that the concept of conditioned reinforcement is still a necessary one in behavior analysis.
Traditional Processes of Food (Fresh and Dried Fruits) Production and Storage in Afghanistan and Their Impact on Humans’ Health

Humans and animals have always had hard time for surviving. Their lives have been threatened on adverse ways, including the consumption of unhealthy food and in situations where food safety is not guaranteed. An example of such threaten on human life in third world countries like Afghanistan is due to the lack of awareness about healthy food, their productions, preservations, and consumptions. There are types of food which can easily get infected by fungi and those fungi are called Aflatoxin, and they are harmful to both humans and animals. Such types of harms nowadays threat the lives of Afghan citizens as they are producing types of food (fresh and dry fruits) that can be easily infected by Aflatoxin. This paper investigates Aflatoxin fungi and the substances that easily get infected with it and how they produce toxins in humans and animals food. The findings from the present study helps us know the harm as well as ways of preventing fungi in most Afghan fruits and can avoid eating food that are contaminated with Afalatoxin.
Identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the TaNF-YB3 gene from Triticum aestivum.

A full-length cDNA encoding a nuclear factor-YB (NF-YB)/HAP3/CCAAT binding factor-A (CBF-A) subunit of a CCAAT-box binding complex, designated as TaNF-YB3 was isolated from Triticum aestivum. Sequence analysis indicated that the full-length cDNA was 809 bp long, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp, which encoded a deduced polypeptide of 199 amino acids and is located in chromosome 3D. The deduced protein contained conserved structural domains and showed high identity to other plant NF-YBs. TaNF-YB3 was expressed in various organs, especially in the leaves and stamens; it was also regulated by salt, mannitol, abscisic acid, wounding, and cold. Moreover, TaNF-YB3 was down-regulated by short days and vernalization, and sensitive to the transfer of day length. It was mainly induced by light and exhibited a similar diurnal rhythmic expression pattern with the CCT-domain family gene VRN2 (TaZCCT1 and TaZCCT2), but not with CO (WCO1 and TaHd1). Overall, the results suggested that TaNF-YB3, aside from having a role in regulating day length and vernalization responses, might integrate signals from other environmental stresses to perform its functions in winter wheat adaptability and development.