Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The motion of a mercury index in a capillary tube

The general case of the motion of an index of any liquid is considered theoretically and it is shown that the viscosity of the liquid can be determined by observation of the velocity of the index when different pressure-differences are applied between its ends. Experiments on the motion of mercury indexes are described; they lead to a value of the viscosity which is about 6 per cent higher than the accepted value. The discrepancy is attributed to the electrification of the walls of the tube which continues to increase slowly even after the index has made several excursions along it. It is found that the difference between the angles of contact at the two ends is practically independent of the velocity of the index.
Typology and Effects of Co-opetition in Buyer–Supplier Relationships: Evidence from the Chinese Home Appliance Industry

Abstract Building on the co-opetition perspective, this study takes a unified approach to examine relationship benefits and transaction costs in buyer–supplier relationships. We argue that buyer–supplier vertical dyads fall into one of four distinct co-opetition types based on their respective degrees of cooperation and competition. Each co-opetition situation then corresponds to unique levels of relationship benefits and transaction costs. A sample of 225 supplier–buyer dyads from the Chinese home appliance industry confirms that competition has a positive effect on transaction costs and a negative effect on relationship benefits, while cooperation stimulates greater relationship benefits but affects transaction costs mainly at low competition levels. The results advance prior research on buyer–supplier relationships and co-opetition and offer valuable avenues for future research.
Substructure in black hole scaling diagrams and implications for the coevolution of black holes and galaxies

Abstract Our multi-component photometric decomposition of the largest galaxy sample to date with dynamically-measured black hole masses nearly doubles the number of such galaxies. We have discovered substantially modified scaling relations between the black hole mass and the host galaxy properties, including the spheroid (bulge) stellar mass, the total galaxy stellar mass, and the central stellar velocity dispersion. These refinements partly arose because we were able to explore the scaling relations for various sub-populations of galaxies built by different physical processes, as traced by the presence of a disk, early-type versus late-type galaxies, or a Sérsic versus core-Sérsic spheroid light profile. The new relations appear fundamentally linked with the evolutionary paths followed by galaxies, and they have ramifications for simulations and formation theories involving both quenching and accretion.
Comparison of two preparative methods: a polymer-supported catalyst by metal-complexation with a polymeric ligand or by polymerization of a metal complex

The difference between two methods for the synthesis of polystyrene-supported (R,S)-BINAPHOS-Rh(I) complex, namely (1) copolymerization of the monomeric ligand with divinylbenzene–ethylstyrene and then Rh-complex formation with the polymer-supported ligand, and (2) Rh-complex formation with the monomeric ligand and then immobilization of the Rh complex to polystyrene by copolymerization with divinylbenzene–ethylstyrene, is investigated by comparison of their catalytic performance, by surface analysis and particle-size measurement.
Aquatic Toxicity Prediction for Polar and Nonpolar Narcotic Pollutants with Support Vector Machines

Motivation. Narcotic pollutants, that act by nonspecifically disrupting the functioning of cell membranes, are categorized as polar and nonpolar compounds. The toxicity prediction of narcotic pollutants with QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships) depends on the reliable determination of the mechanism of toxic action. The classification of the chemical compounds as polar and nonpolar narcotic pollutants based on structural characteristics is of utmost importance in predicting the aquatic toxicity for new chemicals. Method. Support vector machine (SVM) is a new machine learning algorithm that proved to be reliable in the classification of organic and bioorganic compounds. In this study we have investigated the application of SVM for the classification of 190 narcotic pollutants (76 polar and 114 nonpolar). Using an efficient descriptor selection algorithm, the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital, the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and the most negative partial charge on any non–hydrogen atom in the molecule, all computed with the AM1 method, were found to be necessary for the discrimination of the polar and nonpolar compounds. The prediction power of each SVM model was evaluated with a leave–20%–out cross–validation procedure. Results. The classification performances of SVM models generated with the dot, polynomial, radial basis function, neural, and anova kernels, show that the statistical performances of SVM depend strongly on the kernel type and various parameters that control the kernel shape. An SVM model obtained with the anova kernel offered the best results, with three errors in calibration and four errors in prediction, all for nonpolar chemicals. Conclusions. SVM is a powerful and flexible classification algorithm, with many potential applications in molecular design, optimization of chemical libraries, and QSAR. In the present study we have demonstrated such an application for the identification of the aquatic toxicity mechanism.
The Role of Complement Activation in Hypersensitivity to Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil®)

Abstract Liposomal formulations of some drugs, most importantly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®), have been reported to cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions that cannot be explained with the conventional paradigm of IgE-mediated (type I) allergy. Here we present a rationale and experimental evidence for the concept that these reactions represent a novel type of drug-induced hypersensitivity that can be called complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). The theoretical foundation includes the facts that 1) some liposomes have been known to activate C, 2) most of the clinical symptoms of liposome-induced reactions coincide with those caused by C activation by other activators, and 3) the C mechanism explains those manifestations which are atypical for type 1 reactions. The experimental evidence includes the observations that 1) Doxil caused massive C activation in a high ratio (4/10) of normal human sera, 2) high dose IgG attenuated Doxil-induced C activation in serum and prevented further C activation by amplification, and 3) intravenous injection of therapeutically relevant doses of Doxil in pigs caused significant pulmonary hypertension with consequent systemic hypotension and decline of cardiac output, which changes mimicked the cardiovascular manifestations of the human reaction and were shown to be triggered by C activation. As for the question how Doxil, a long-circulating “stealth” liposome formulation, avoids phagocytic uptake by macrophages despite its potential opsonization by C3b, we demonstrated efficient inactivation of Doxil-bound and free C3b to iC3b in human serum. Thus, it is unlikely that PEG would interfere with CD11b/CD18-mediated phagocytosis by inhibiting the formation of its main ligand, iC3b.
Commentary

The average of the growth rates for the UK economy, forecast for 2000 by independent forecasters, is currently 3.1 per cent; and in his Budget statement of 21 March the Chancellor of the Exchequer forecast growth of 23/4-31/4 per cent. Since these forecasts were produced, the picture building up from first quarter data suggests that growth has been slower than at the end of last year. Industrial production has continued its decline, with manufacturing output looking weak under the influence of the high exchange rate and the mild winter having depressed the output of the energy industries. In such circumstances, extremely rapid growth from the service sector would be needed to deliver boom performance for the economy as a whole. Accordingly, our forecast for economic growth during 2000 is, at 2.8 per cent per
The light side of proto-cluster galaxies at z ∼ 4

Abstract Overdense regions at high redshift, which are often called “protoclusters”, are thought to be a place where the early active structure formations are in progress. Thanks to the wide and deep-sky survey of Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program, we have selected 179 protocluster candidates at z ˜ 4, enabling us to statistically discuss high-z overdense regions. I report results of the HSC-SSP protocluster project, focusing on a couple of results on the bright-end of protocluster galaxies. We identify the UV-brightest galaxies, which are likely progenitors of Brightest Cluster Galaxies. We find that these are dustier and larger than field galaxies. This suggests that galaxies in protoclusters have experienced different star formation histories at z ˜ 4. Also, the UV luminosity function of galaxies in protoclusters (PC UVLF) has a significant excess on the bright-end from field UVLF. The PC UVLF suggests that protoclusters contribute ˜ 5 – 16% of the total cosmic SFRD at z ˜ 4. The result implies that early galaxy formation occurs in protoclusters.
Protein Modifiers Generally Provide Limited Improvement in Wood Bond Strength of Soy Flour Adhesives

Abstract Soy flour adhesives using a polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) polymeric coreactant are used increasingly as wood adhesives for interior products. Although these adhesives give good performance, higher bond strength under wet conditions is desirable. Wet strength is important for accelerated tests involving the internal forces generated by the swelling of wood and plasticization of the adhesive with increasing humidity. Soy proteins are globular due to their hydrophobicity; thus, it was expected that adding modifiers to open the protein structure should improve protein–protein and protein–wood interactions to help withstand both internal and external forces applied to the bond. Because modifiers have been shown to improve the performance of soy protein isolate adhesives, use of these modifiers has been examined as a way to improve soy flour adhesives. Protein-disrupting chaotropic agents (urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and dicyandiamide), surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate or cetyltrimethylamm.
GOODS-ALMA: AGNs and the slow downfall of massive star-forming galaxies at z > 2

Abstract We present the results of a 69 arcmin2 ALMA survey at 1.1 mm, GOODS-ALMA, matching the deepest HST-WFC3 H-band observed region of the GOODS-South field. The 35 galaxies detected by ALMA are among the most massive galaxies at z = 2–4 and are either starburst or located in the upper part of the galaxy star-forming main sequence. The analysis of the gas fraction, depletion time, X-ray luminosity and the size suggests that they are building compact bulges and are the ideal progenitors of compact passive galaxies at z˜2, and a slow downfall scenario is favoured in their future transition from star-forming to passive galaxies.
Análisis mediante HPLC de la fracción fenólica del aceite de oliva virgen de la variedad Arbequina. Relación con la medida del amargor K225 y la estabilidad

Phenolic compounds have a high importance because of their effect on shelf life and sensorial characteristics of virgin olive oil. In this paper, the phenolic fraction of Arbequina virgin olive oils has been characterized by HPLC. Bitterness index K225, total phenols and autoxidation stability have been evaluated for olive oil samples. From the phenolic compounds separated using HPLC method, one of then (tr: 34,49 min) was close correlated both with bitterness K225 and oil stability Rancimat at 98oC. The regression coefficients, with high significance p<0,001, were r: 0.974 and r: 0.918 respectively. Phenolic compound responsible of bitterness K225 and oil stability has been found for the Arbequina virgin olive oils.
Charge transport along phenylenevinylene molecular wires

A model to calculate the mobility of charges along molecular wires is presented. The model is based on the tight-binding approximation and combines a quantum mechanical description of the charge with a classical description of the structural degrees of freedom. It is demonstrated that the average mobility of charge carriers along molecular wires can be obtained by time-propagation of states, which are initially localised. The model is used to calculate the mobility of charges along poly-phenylenevinylene (PPV) chains with varying number of alkoxy side chains. Effects of the torsional motion of the phenyl rings on the mobility are taken into account. The results show that derivatives of PPVs can act equally well as electron and hole conductors. Experimental mobility data on di-alkoxy substituted PPV can be reproduced with the present model provided the effects of structural defects along the polymer chains are taken into account. According to the calculations, intra-chain hole and electron mobilities of the order of 100 cm2/Vs can be obtained for defect-free PPV chains.
EXPRESSION OF POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE AND P53 IN CULTURED MAMMALIAN CELLS EXPOSED TO ACCELERATED HEAVY IONS (IRON OR ARGON)

Background – The possibility of using high-energy accelerated heavy-ion beams in radiotherapy of malignant tumors is an exciting development. Also, heavy ions comprise an important component of cosmic rays. The DNA molecule should be an important candidate target in heavy ion-induced cell lethality. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and tumor suppressor p53 are two important nuclear proteins that recognize heavy ions as a DNA damage signal. We studied the expression of PARP and p53 in cultured mammalian cells exposed to accelerated heavy ions (Fe or Ar). Methods – Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and Mongolian gerbil fetal (MGF) cells were exposed to iron (Fe) or argon (Ar) ions, which are heavy ions accelerated by a ring cyclotron in Riken, Japan. We studied PARP and p53 expression as DNA strand-break recognition signal markers by immunohistoch emistry assay in exposed cells to heavy ions and control cells. Results – The fraction of cells showing an elevated level of PARP in their nuclei compared to control cells after 1.5 hours of exposure to 4 Gy heavy ions was about 80%. The difference between PARP expression in CHO and MGF cells was negligible. In the immunohistochemistry assay for p53, which was performed in the Mongolian gerbil fetal cell line only, about 80% of cells showed an elevated level of p53 within the nucleus after 4 hours of exposure to 4 Gy heavy ions. However, the increase in PARP expression occurred earlier than p53 in nuclei of Mongolian gerbil fetal cells after exposure to heavy ions. About 20% of cells did not have increased PARP and p53 expression after exposure to either Fe or Ar ions. This 20% might represent a population of cells that did not receive nuclear DNA damage. Conclusion – These findings suggest that the probabilities of DNA damage after exposure to heavy ions could be evaluated based on PARP or p53 expression. The variation in expression can be related to the traversal of heavy ions through the cell nucleus and induce DNA strand-break as well as key structural components during apoptosis.
A mechanistic model for describing the sorption and desorption of phosphate by soil

A model of phosphate reaction is constructed and its output compared with observations for the sorption and desorption of phosphate by soil. The model has three components: first, the reaction between divalent phosphate ions and a variable‐charge surface; second, the assumption that there is a range of values of surface properties and that these are normally distributed; third, the assumption that the initial adsorption induces a diffusion gradient towards the interior of the particle which begins a solid‐state diffusion process.
Prospects for individual economies

Euro Area The slight improvement in economic growth that occurred in late 2014 seems to have gained momentum in the early months of this year, and our growth projections have been revised up for both 2015 and 2016, to 1.5 and 2.2 per cent, respectively. Lower oil prices, highly accommodative monetary policy (including the launch, in March, of the ECB’s expanded asset purchase programme), the depreciation of the euro against other major currencies, and the easing of fiscal consolidation have all contributed to more favourable demand conditions. But unemployment, at 11.3 per cent, is still much closer to its 2013 peaks than to its pre-crisis levels. Inflation has remained slightly negative, with no sign of deepening deflation.
Adhesion between Phosphatidylethanolamine Bilayers

The goal of this study is to provide additional information on the short-range interactions that determine the adhesion energy between bilayer surfaces. The specific problem concerns the hydration properties of bilayers of the membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which imbibe much less water than bilayers composed of the other common ziwtterionic membrane lipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). The osmotic stress/X-ray diffraction method was used to measure pressure−distance relations for PE and PC bilayers containing known mole fractions of the charged lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). The addition of 20 mol % PA to either PC or PE bilayers swelled the bilayers by an amount predictable from electrostatic double-layer theory. However, whereas the addition of 5 mol % PA disjoined PC bilayers, it did not change the fluid space between PE bilayers. By calculating the magnitude of the electrostatic pressure necessary to disjoin the bilayers, we estimate the adhesion energy for gel phase PE bilayers to be about .
The effects of outbursts from Supermassive Black Holes: A close look at M87

Abstract Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) play[-105pt]Kindly check and confirm the Article Title. fundamental roles in the evolution of galaxies, groups, and clusters. The fossil record of supermassive black hole outbursts is seen through the cavities and shocks that are imprinted on these gas-rich systems. For M87, the central galaxy in the Virgo cluster, deep Chandra observations illustrate the physics of AGN feedback in hot, gas-rich atmospheres and allow measurements of the age, duration, and power of the outburst from the supermassive black hole in M87 that produced the observed cavities and shocks in the hot X-ray atmosphere.
Irreversible binding of biologically reduced 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene to soil

To analyze the fate of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its reduction products, a TNT‐contaminated soil (350 mg TNT/kg dry soil) was spiked with [ring‐UL−14C]TNT and treated in a laboratory slurry reactor. During an anaerobic/aerobic treatment, the total radioactivity measured in the supernatant and methanolic soil extracts decreased to 2%. The decrease corresponded to an increase of strongly bound radioactivity to the soil. Throughout the whole treatment process, mineralization of TNT was not observed. During the reductive process, unidentified polar substances increased to a maximum amount of 23.2% of the total radioactivity on the day after the start of the experiment. After the end of the anaerobic phase, still 9.7% of the radioactivity was found in this fraction. Only during the aerobic phase did the polar substances disappear completely. The irreversible character of the binding of the reduced metabolites of TNT to the soil was indicated by the failure of desorption even under rigorous and longterm extraction conditions. A significant release of radioactivity could be measured only by using high concentrations of HCI (5 N) or EDTA (12.5% and 5.9%, respectively). However, in none of the extracts were TNT or any reduced metabolites detected by HPLC and 14C‐radiocounting. Size‐exclusion chromatography of humic acids extracted from the treated soil indicated that the metabolites of TNT were evenly bound to the complete range of molecular size of the humic acids.
Theoretical Investigations on the Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol

Abstract The FT-IR & FT-Raman spectra of 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol have been recorded in the region 4000- 400 cm-1 and 3500-50 cm-1 respectively. The spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordination analysis following full structure optimization and force field calculations on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) use in the standard B3LYP method and 6-31+G basis set combination. A close agreement was achieved between the observed and calculated frequencies by refinement of the scale factors. Keywords : FTIR, FT-Raman Spectra, DFT calculations, Vibrational analysis, 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol
Polymeric micro and nanoparticles as promising drug delivery vehicles: a review

Development of a successful delivery system capable of delivering an active agent to its targeted site at right concentration and time remains a challenge especially in the field of pharmaceutics where most drugs lack specificity and some side effects may exist. In the last few years, the recent advances in the field of nanotechnology led to the generation of promising particulate polymeric delivery systems. Among these systems biodegradable micro and nanoparticles are the most extensively investigated ones. They proved to be capable of improving the drug administration, efficacy and safety compared to conventional therapeutics. The present review highlights the various aspects of development, preparation methods and advantages of the biodegradable particulate delivery systems. More focus will be on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA)-based delivery systems.
HST observations of [O III] emission in nearby QSO2s: Physical properties of the outflows

Abstract We used Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) long slit medium-resolution G430M and G750M spectra to analyze the extended [O III] λ5007 emission in a sample of twelve QSO2s from Reyes et al. (2008). The purpose of the study was to determine the properties of the mass outflows and their role in AGN feedback. We measured fluxes and velocities as functions of deprojected radial distances. Using photoionization models and ionizing luminosities derived from [O III], we were able to estimate the densities for the emission-line gas. From these results, we derived masses, mass outflow rates, kinetic energies and kinetic luminosity rates as a function of radial distance for each of the targets. Masses are several times 103 - 107 solar masses, which are comparable to values determined from a recent photoionization study of Mrk 34 (Revalski). Additionally, we are studying the possible role of X-ray winds in these QSO2s.