Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of SlIAA3, an Aux/IAA gene from tomato

Aux/IAA genes are a large gene family in plant, many of which are rapidly and specifically induced by auxin. Previous data have illustrated that Aux/IAA genes participated in both auxin signaling and plant development. In order to discover the biofunction of SlIAA3 gene, an Aux/IAA gene from tomato, we isolated the full-length cDNA and the corresponding genomic DNA of this gene. Sequence analysis results showed that there were two introns and three extrons in SlIAA3 gene. DNA gel–blot analysis revealed that SlIAA3 was a single copy in tomato and SlIAA3 was bin-mapped in chromosome 9-G region using 75 tomato introgression lines. Expression analysis showed that SlIAA3 was expressed in all tissues tested, whereas the levels of transcript abundance were different. The expression patterns indicating that SlIAA3 gene should be involved in the root development and auxin signaling.
Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase of c(3) seeds and leaves as compared to the enzyme from maize.

Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) was found in various immature seeds of C(3) plants (wheat, pea, green bean, plum, and castor bean), in some C(3) leaves (tobacco, spinach, sunflower, and wheat), and in C(4) (maize) kernels. The enzyme in the C(3) plants cross-reacts with rabbit antiserum against maize PPDK. Based on protein blot analysis, the apparent subunit size of PPDK from wheat seeds and leaves and from sunflower leaves is about 94 kdaltons, the same as that of the enzyme from maize, but is slightly less (about 90 kdaltons) for the enzyme from spinach and tobacco leaves. The amount of this enzyme per mg of soluble protein in C(3) seeds and leaves is much less than in C(4) leaves. PPDK is present in kernels of the C(4) plant, Zea mays in amounts comparable to those in C(4) leaves.Regulatory properties of the enzyme from C(3) tissues (wheat) are similar to those of the enzyme from C(4) leaves with respect to in vivo light activation and dark inactivation (in leaves) and in vivo cold lability (seeds and leaves). Following incorporation of (14)CO(2) by illuminated wheat pericarp and adjoining tissue for a few seconds, the labeled metabolites were predominantly products resulting from carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate, with lesser labeling of compounds formed by carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and operation of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle of photosynthesis. PPDK may be involved in mechanisms of amino acid interconversions during seed development.
Species as Stressors: Heterospecific Interactions and the Cellular Stress Response under Global Change.

SYNOPSIS Anthropogenic global change is predicted to increase the physiological stress of organisms through changes in abiotic conditions such as temperature, pH, and pollution. However, organisms can also experience physiological stress through interactions with other species, especially parasites, predators, and competitors. The stress of species interactions could be an important driver of species' responses to global change as the composition of biological communities change through factors such as distributional and phenological shifts. Interactions between biotic and abiotic stressors could also induce non-linear physiological stress responses under global change. One of the primary means by which organisms deal with physiological stress is through the cellular stress response (CSR), which is broadly the upregulation of a conserved set of genes that facilitate the removal and repair of damaged macromolecules. Here, we present data on behavioral interactions and CSR gene expression for two competing species of intertidal zone porcelain crab (Petrolisthes cinctipes and Petrolisthes manimaculis). We found that P. cinctipes and P. manimaculis engage in more agonistic behaviors when interacting with heterospecifics than conspecifics; however, we found no evidence that heterospecific interactions induced a CSR in these species. In addition to our new data, we review the literature with respect to CSR induction via species interactions, focusing on predator-prey systems and heterospecific competition. We find extensive evidence for predators to induce cellular stress and aspects of the CSR in prey, even in the absence of direct physical contact between species. Effects of heterospecific competition on the CSR have been studied far less, but we do find evidence that agonistic interactions with heterospecifics can induce components of the CSR. Across all published studies, there is clear evidence that species interactions can lead to cellular stress and induction of the CSR. Nonetheless, our understanding of species-induced cellular stress lags far behind our understanding of abiotic cellular stress.
The oxidoreductase ERp57 efficiently reduces partially folded in preference to fully folded MHC class I molecules

The oxidoreductase ERp57 is an integral component of the peptide loading complex of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, formed during their chaperone‐assisted assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Misfolded MHC class I molecules or those denied suitable peptides are retrotranslocated and degraded in the cytosol. The presence of ERp57 during class I assembly suggests it may be involved in the reduction of intrachain disulfides prior to retrotranslocation. We have studied the ability of ERp57 to reduce MHC class I molecules in vitro. Recombinant ERp57 specifically reduced partially folded MHC class I molecules, whereas it had little or no effect on folded and peptide‐loaded MHC class I molecules. Reductase activity was associated with cysteines at positions 56 and 405 of ERp57, the N‐terminal residues of the active CXXC motifs. Our data suggest that the reductase activity of ERp57 may be involved during the unfolding of MHC class I molecules, leading to targeting for degradation.
Protecting E-courses Copyright in M-learning Process

As the world is becoming more and more flowing, networked, and composite organizations will continue to be more mobile than ever by. One part of the challenge for future mobile organizations is how can they communicate and exchange information securely within their clients, employees, and all other stockholders. Wireless communications offer organizations and individuals many benefits such as portability, flexibility, increased productivity, and lower installation costs. However, the joining together of information and communication technologies and increased reliance of organizations and individuals on such advances has caused a range of security issues to the face. Hence, wireless networks are open to intruders who may cause unwanted consequences to an organization and individuals’ information resources. The main aim of this research is to design a new model for securing mobile-phone learning system (SmLS), to protect the m-learning material from unauthorized distribution, to protect the e-course material from modified, and to make messages transmitted between communicators more secure and authenticated. The design of SmLS is provided to make the m-learning process more secure for both organization and students alike.
The Benefits of Regional Economic Integration for Developing Countries in Africa : A Case of East African Community ( EAC )

Regional Economic Integration (REI) refers to the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only between the states joining together. Hereby, the lowest level of collaboration involves trade while a deeper integration goes beyond trade. Geographical proximity, cultural, historical, and ideological similarities, competitive or complementary economic linkages, and a common language among the Partner States are importantly required for effective economic integration. The East African Community (EAC) (our case study) is one of the oldest Regional Economic Arrangements in Africa comprising the Republics of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi, with its headquarters located in Arusha, Tanzania. EAC Partner States share a common history, language, culture and infrastructure. These advantages provide them with a unique framework for regional co-operation and integration. Within this situation, the EAC offers many benefits to its Partner States including: increased trade, expanded markets, attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), increased bargaining power, strengthened security and conflict resolution in the region, and the free movement of people across the region. Furthermore, EAC Member Countries undertake several projects together including; transport and communication projects, collective employment and poverty reduction, joint environmental conservation especially on Lake Victoria, and joint tourism promotion. However, and in the view of the contemporary global trend in which trade negotiations are increasingly being conducted under regional arrangements, and in order to benefit more from this integration, Partner States should strengthen their integration by ensuring among others full political commitment, good governance and by solving the problem of multiple membership facing them.
Binding of zinc to bovine and human milk proteins

Summary Zn binding by whole bovine and human casein and by purified bovine caseins and whey proteins was investigated by equilibrium dialysis. Bovine αs1 casein had the greatest Zn-binding capacity (˜ 11 atoms Zn/mol). Protein aggregation was observed as Zn concentration was increased and- the protein precipitated at a free Zn concentration of 1·7 mM. Zn binding increased with increasing pH in the range 5·4–7·0 and decreased with increasing ionic strength. Competition between Zn and Ca was observed for binding to αs1-casein indicating common binding sites for these two metals. Bovine β-casein bound up to 8 atoms Zn/ mol and precipitated at a free Zn concentration of ˜ 2·5 mM, while K-casein bound 1–2 atoms Zn/mol. Whole bovine and human casein bound 5–8 atoms Zn/mol and precipitated at a free Zn concentration of ˜ 2·0 mM. Scatchard plots for Zn binding to caseins showed upward convexity, possibly due to Zn-induced association of caseins. Apparent average association constants (K¯app) for all caseins were similar (log K¯app 3·0–3·2). Enzymic dephosphorylation of αs1- or whole bovine casein markedly reduced, but did not eliminate, Zn binding. Thus, phosphoserine residues appeared to be the primary Zn-binding sites in caseins. With the exception of bovine serum albumin. which bound over 8 atoms Zn/mol, the bovine whey proteins, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and lactotransferrin, had little capacity for Zn binding.
Chemokine Class Differences in Binding to the Duffy Antigen-Erythrocyte Chemokine Receptor (*)

The Duffy blood group antigen-erythrocyte chemokine receptor has been shown to bind to chemokines of both the C-X-C and C-C classes and to the malarial parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. We performed experiments to evaluate the binding properties of this receptor for the newly appreciated “C” and “non-ELR C-X-C” classes of chemokines. Binding to mouse erythrocytes was also evaluated for the first time. Whereas ELR C-X-C and C-C chemokines bound to human erythrocytes with high affinity, differences in the ability of non-ELR chemokines to act as competitive inhibitors were noted. While non-ELR chemokines were unable to displace C-X-C chemokines on human cells, they exhibited a low affinity interaction with the C-C chemokine binding site. The newly discovered C chemokine, lymphotactin, was unable to displace either C-X-C or C-C chemokines. On mouse erythrocytes, non-ELR chemokines exhibited a low affinity for both the C-X-C and C-C chemokines binding sites; again lymphotactin failed to bind. Binding competition studies using an anti-Duffy monoclonal antibody and chemokines suggested a common binding domain. These data show that the chemokine superfamily has at least four functional subdivisions, each interacting differently with the Duffy antigen-erythrocyte chemokine receptor. In addition the chemokine binding function is conserved between mouse and man. Unlike other proteins in the superfamily C and non-ELR C-X-C chemokines do not efficiently bind red blood cells, thus their role may not require clearance from circulation.
Durkheim among the statisticians.

L'A. s'efforce d'evaluer les travaux et analyses statistiques d'E. Durkheim. Il montre que celui-ci insiste sur les regularites statistiques. Il examine la methode employee par Durkheim dans «Le Suicide» sur le plan du traitement des donnees statistiques. Il compare les travaux de Durkheim a ceux effectues en Italie par E. Morselli, a la meme epoque, ainsi que les methodes de modelisation et d'analyse causale utilisees par chacun d'eux
LA EXPORTACIÓN DE CRUDO EN MÉXICO Y LA PRODUCTIVIDAD TOTAL DE FACTORES: UN ANÁLISIS DE LA RELACIÓN DE CAUSALIDAD (1993-2009)

En este trabajo se estudia la direccion de la relacion de causalidad entre las exportaciones de crudo en Mexico y la productividad de Pemex Exploracion y Produccion durante el periodo 1993-2009, utilizando la prueba de causalidad de Granger, asi como la prueba de causalidad de Toda y Yamamoto. Los resultados indican una relacion de causalidad unidireccional que va de la productividad total de los factores a las exportaciones de crudo, lo cual concuerda con la idea de que unicamente las firmas productivas seran capaces de exportar. Las pruebas aplicadas corroboran que fueron necesarias las mejoras en la productividad a fin de lograr mayores exportaciones de crudo en Mexico; esta relacion se da considerando que una empresa disminuye sus costos de produccion al elevar su productividad, lo que hace que esta sea mas competitiva a nivel mundial.
Potential of the homeopathic remedy, Arnica Montana 30C, to reduce DNA damage in Escherichia coli exposed to ultraviolet irradiation through up-regulation of nucleotide excision repair genes.

OBJECTIVE To examine to what degree an ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedy, Arnica Montana 30C (AM-30C), used in the treatment of shock and injury, can modulate the expression of nucleotide excision repair genes in Escherichia coli exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. METHODS E. coli were cultured to their log phase in a standard Luria-Bertani medium and then exposed to sublethal doses of UV irradiation at 25 and 50 J/m(2) for 22.5 and 45 s, respectively. The UV-exposed bacteria were then supplemented with either AM-30C (drug) or placebo (P-30C). The drug-treated and placebo-treated bacteria were subjected to assay for DNA damage and oxidative stress 90 min after UV exposure. Several protocols like comet assay, gel electrophoresis for DNA ladder and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and biomarker measurement like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were conducted. The mRNA expressions of the excision repair genes like ultraviolet repair uvrA, B and C genes (or also known as excision repair genes) were estimated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS The UV-exposed bacteria showed DNA damage and oxidative stress, as revealed by an increase in ROS generation, and a decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH activities. As compared to placebo, the AM-30C-treated bacteria showed less DNA damage and oxidative stress as manifested by a decrease in ROS generation, and an increase in SOD, CAT and GSH activities. AM-30C also up-regulated the expression of repair genes as compared to the control. CONCLUSION AM-30C helped repair the DNA damage through up-regulation of repair genes and also ameliorated the oxidative stress through the reduction of ROS generation and suitable modulation of anti-oxidative stress enzymes.
Performance Improvement through Parallelization of Graph Clustering algorithm

is the task of Grouping of elements or nodes (in the case of graph) in to clusters or subgroup based on some similarity metrics. In general Clustering is unsupervised learning task requires very little or prior knowledge except the data set. However Clustering Task are computationally expensive as most of the algorithms require recursion or iterations and most of the time we have to deal with real life data set which are generally very huge in size. This paper deals with a well-known clustering algorithm MCL (Markov Clustering Algorithm) and proposes a parallel version of it using OPENMP.
Refuse and the formation of middens

The prodigious quantities of refuse recovered from excavations at Runnymede Bridge, Berkshire, England — and at other late prehistoric British sites — highlight those archaeological entities we call ‘rubbish’ and ‘middens’. What is a ‘midden’? General thoughts on an archaeology of refuse are applied to the specific case of these 1st-millennium BC sites in southern England in an attempt to comprehend their origin and scale in terms of the period's social geography.
A Note on the Indelible

An eighty-year-old man reports a recurrent nightmare involving a gummy substance being stuffed into his mouth and, despite his anxiety-driven efforts, being unable to remove it. A narrative of his neonatal years is developed and it is speculated that this nightmare is a rekindling of his very distressful breast feeding experience—an experience memorialized in his earliest pre-representational memory. Rich clinical reports of preverbal infant trauma help elucidate the earliest infant-mother dyad.
Effect of Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR) Agonists on TLR and Microbicide Expression in Uterine and Vaginal Tissues of the Mouse

Epithelial cells lining the uterine lumen are the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), defensins and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in the mouse uterus and vagina and in primary uterine epithelial cells and to determine whether TLR agonists induce TLR and defensin expression.
Essential Function of the Polo Box of Cdc5 in Subcellular Localization and Induction of Cytokinetic Structures

ABSTRACT Members of the polo subfamily of protein kinases play pivotal roles in cell proliferation. In addition to the kinase domain, polo kinases have a strikingly conserved sequence in the noncatalytic C-terminal domain, termed the polo box. Here we show that the budding-yeast polo kinase Cdc5, when fused to green fluorescent protein and expressed under its endogenous promoter, localizes at spindle poles and the mother bud neck. Overexpression of Cdc5 can induce a class of cells with abnormally elongated buds in a polo box- and kinase activity-dependent manner. In addition to localizing at the spindle poles and cytokinetic neck filaments, Cdc5 induces and localizes to additional septin ring structures within the elongated buds. Without impairing kinase activity, conservative mutations in the polo box abolish the ability of Cdc5 to functionally complement the defect associated with a cdc5-1 temperature-sensitive mutation, to localize to the spindle poles and cytokinetic neck filaments, and to induce elongated cells with ectopic septin ring structures. Consistent with the polo box-dependent subcellular localization, the C-terminal domain of Cdc5, but not its polo box mutant, is sufficient for subcellular localization, and its overexpression appears to inhibit cytokinesis. These data provide evidence that the polo box is required to direct Cdc5 to specific subcellular locations and induce or organize cytokinetic structures.
BILL : a table-based, knowledge-intensive othello program

A constant dilemma facing game-playing programs is whether to emphasize searching or knowledge. This paper describes a world-championship level Othello program, BILL, that succeeds in both dimensions. The success of BILL is largely due to its understanding of many important Othello features by using a pre-compiled knowledge base of board patterns. Because of this pre-compiled nature of its knowledge, BILL'S evaluation function simply consists of a series of table lookup's. It is therefore very fast. Additional key features of BILL include an iterativelydeepened zero-window search, an intelligent timing algorithm, an efficient, linked-move killer table, and a hash table. This paper contains detailed descriptions of the game of Othello and BILL, the results of BILL , and an outline for future research. -mis research was partly sponsored by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. The views and conclusions contained m this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the National Science Foundation or the US Government
Endothelial cell heterogeneity

ObjectiveTo review recent advances in the field of endothelial cell heterogeneity, and to apply this knowledge to an understanding of site-specific vasculopathy, including acute lung injury. Data Sources and Study SelectionPublished research and review articles in the English language related to endothelial cell biology and endothelial cell heterogeneity. Data Extraction and SynthesisThe results of published studies have been used to provide a perspective of endothelial cell phenotypes in health and disease. ConclusionsThe structure and function of endothelial cells are differentially regulated in space and time. Far from being a giant monopoly of homogeneous cells, the endothelium represents a consortium of smaller enterprises of cells located within blood vessels of different tissues. Although united in certain functions, each enterprise is uniquely adapted to meet the demands of the underlying tissue. The endothelium may also vary in its response to pathophysiologic stimuli and therefore contribute to the focal nature of vasculopathic disease states. In acute lung injury, the unique properties of the endothelium may conspire with systemic imbalances to localize pathology to the pulmonary vasculature.
DC-DC converter with isolation transformer for traction vehicles application — Simulation studies

Single phase voltage converter structure with isolation transformer for applications in traction vehicles is presented. This paper shows simulation model of this type of converter and transformer model with modern magnetic material in OrCAD-PSpice simulation program. Two PWM control techniques are compared in order to eliminate voltage and current oscillations in primary winding of the transformer, decrease large peaks of current, decrease large system loss and improve system efficiency. Author shows a comparison of the PSpice simulation results with the real results.
Léonard Moulin, Frais d’inscription dans l’enseignement supérieur : enjeux, limites et perspectives

Cette these etudie les effets des frais d’inscription sur les etudiants dans l’enseignement superieur. La premiere partie est consacree a l’etude theorique des frais d’inscription, en s’interessant aux motivations a l’introduction de frais d’inscription, ainsi qu’aux effets de la prise en compte de biais comportementaux dans l’analyse economique des frais d’inscription. La deuxieme partie s’interesse aux effets empiriques des frais, en partant de la mise en perspective des differents contextes institutionnels avant de s’interesser aux effets de l’introduction de frais d’inscription dans une universite francaise, l’universite Paris 9 Dauphine, puis a la possible generalisation de nos resultats aux autres universites francaises. La troisieme partie tente de degager des perspectives et apporte au debat des elements theoriques et empiriques sur la possibilite d’un autre systeme de financement de l’enseignement superieur.