Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Contamination in Retail Foods Purchased in Thailand

1 National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan 2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan 3 Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh 4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, 39 Muh1, Thanyaburi Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
The rough guide to videogames

"The Rough Guide to Videogames" is the ultimate guide to the world's most addictive pastime. Both a nostalgic look at the past and a celebration of the latest in joystick-wrecking wonders, this book covers the full story from the first arcade machines to the latest digital delights. Easy access to 75 of the greatest games of all time, from Civilization and Pro Evolution Soccer to We Love Katamari and World of Warcraft. The guide profiles the stories behind the software giants, famous creators and the world's favorite characters, including Mario, Lara Croft and Sonic the Hedgehog. All the gadgets and devices for consoles, hand-helds, phones and PCs are explored as well as the wider world of gaming, from websites and movies to books.
Adsorption of Aromatic Compounds on Activated Carbons from Lignin: Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study

The adsorption processes of several aromatic chemicals onto activated carbons (ACs) from aqueous solutions have been studied. The activated carbons were prepared from eucalyptus kraft lignin with CO2 at 1073 K activation temperature. The surface properties of the ACs play a significant role when these materials are used for adsorption from liquid phases. The physicochemical properties and the surface chemical structure of the ACs were studied by means of N2 adsorption experiments, elemental analysis, XPS, and TPD. The XPS and TPD spectra of ACs suggest the presence of aromatic rings and oxygenated functional groups in the surface material. Benzene, nitrobenzene, aniline, p-nitroaniline, toluene, and p-nitrotoluene as aromatic adsorbates have been used in the present study. Adsorption isotherms data were fitted to the Freundlich and Fritz−Schlunder equations. We have developed the thermodynamic study from the equilibrium data. The values of ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS were calculated, and these indicate that the proces.
Nanoarchitectonics for mesoporous materials

Although mesoporous materials have well-defined pore structures, these fine materials can surprisingly be produced by employing a set of conventional and simple procedures such as mixing, heating, filtration, and washing, using low-cost materials. They can be regarded as easy-to-make bulk nanostructured materials. Mesoporous materials have great potential for use in both macroscopic applications and nanotechnology. In this account, we introduce examples of recent developments in mesoporous materials involving innovations in their components and structural designs and concentrating on our own recent progress. These examples include syntheses of mesoporous silica, metal oxides, semiconductive materials, metals, alloys, organic composites, biomaterial composites, carbon, carbon nitride, and boron nitride, as innovative components. As structural innovations for mesoporous materials, various film preparations, pore alignments, and hierarchic structures are described together with their related functions including sensing and controlled release of target molecules.
Catalytic Routes Towards Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have become a strategic material in the area of nanotechnologies nowadays, and catalytic chemical vapor deposition seems to be the most promising technique in view of an industrial‐scale production. However, the selective catalytic production of single wall carbon nanotubes is still a challenge, since catalytic systems performances both in terms of selectivity and activity are still relatively low. One of the main challenges for the catalytic growth of SWCNT is the control of the catalyst nanoparticles size distribution along the high temperatures required by the process. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of the strategies that have been followed to selectively grow single wall carbon nanotubes. It focuses on catalysts preparation and activity/selectivity and on the growth mechanism of these nanostructures. Particular attention is given to the identification of the parameters that control the selectivity of the reaction, such as the choice of the metal/support couple, the particle’s sizes, and the chemical vapor deposition conditions.
Efficient and Homochiral Selective Oligomerization of Racemic Ribonucleotides on Mineral Surface

We have found that activated racemic mononucleotides oligomerize with comparable efficiency to chiral D-monomers on Na+-montmorillonite, and that the reaction proceeds in a homochiral selective manner to preferentially give optically homogeneous D- and L-oligomers. Mineral surfaces might play important roles in an early stage of chemical evolution of RNAs.
Barnacle repellent nanostructured surfaces formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers

Well-defined nanostructured surface with domains of dimension ∼20 nm was formed by the self-assembly of brush-type amphiphilic block copolymers of poly[poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate]-block-poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene) (P(PEGMA)-b-PPFS) which demonstrate promise in discouraging barnacle settlement as proven using laboratory settlement assays and marine field tests.
Treatment of sanitary Landfill leachate using a combined anaerobic fluidized bed reactor and Fenton's Oxidation

Sanitary Landfill leachate treatment by a combined anaerobic fluidized bed reactor and Fenton's oxidation was investigated. Anaerobic treatability studies were performed in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor using the typical quartz sand media. The anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) attained chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 80–90% and stable biogas production yield of 0.54 L biogas/g CODrem with increasing organic loading rates (OLRs) within the range 2 and 15 kg COD/m3-day. Anaerobically pretreated landfill leachate was further treated by Fenton's oxidation to decompose the refractory organic and inorganic components in the leachate and optimum operation conditions for two different organic loadings (2 and 4 kg COD/m3-day) were examined. An optimum pH of 2.5 and an optimum H2O2 dosage of 1,200 mg/L, for the OLR of 2 kg COD/m3-day, yield a COD removal of 85%. The results have clearly indicated that landfill leachate treatment by a combined AFBR and Fenton's Oxidation system is an .
AFM in‐situ characterization of supported phospholipid layers formed by solution spreading

The morphology and the stability of supported phospholipid (DPPC, DMPC, DOPC) layers prepared by solution spreading on mica were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The samples were analyzed ex-situ just after solvent evaporation and after a hydration step, and in-situ with immersion in a buffer solution. Film morphology depended on the type of phospholipid and on the hydration level of the sample. For DPPC, in particular, morphology evolved from non-uniform deposits through multilayer structures to a final pattern with large bilayer terraces, as the sample was hydrated and then immersed in the liquid cell. The film morphology was stable for all the systems investigated, thus indicating that cast films are suitable for studying time-dependent biological and physical phenomena.
State of the art and perspectives on materials and applications of photocatalysis over TiO2

We present a short review of some recent trends, accomplishments, and problems pertaining to photocatalysis over TiO2 and related semiconductors. We have focused in particular on developments in TiO2-based materials, and on applications including continuing progress in longstanding uses such as photocatalytic water or air treatment as well as more recent ones such as self-cleaning surfaces and, finally, new applications. This article will not consider the topics of degradation mechanisms or reactor design, each of which would merit a lengthy review itself. Furthermore, the references cited are not intended to be comprehensive (for that we refer the reader to an extensive bibliography [1]), but to provide some highlights and examples regarding recent research and basic knowledge. Photon absorption by TiO2 results in the promotion of an electron from the valence band to the conduction band of the titania, leaving behind a ‘‘hole’’ (i.e, electron vacancy) in the valence band, provided the photon has an energy at least equal to that of the bandgap of the photocatalyst. The bandgaps for anatase and rutile being 3.2 and 3.0 eV, corresponding to wavelengths = 385 and 410 nm, respectively, ultraviolet light is needed for photoexcitation. The electron–hole pairs can either recombine or participate in chemical reactions with surface/adsorbed species (Scheme 1). Oxidation of water/hydroxide ion by the valence-band hole (hVB) can produce the hydroxyl radical, OH. The conduction-band electron (e CB) can react with molecular oxygen to form the superoxide radical-anion, O2 , which can be involved in further reactions (Scheme 1). In addition, hVB and e CB can react directly with adsorbed pollutants (Scheme 1). The radicals thus formed, dioxygen and water can participate in further reactions, resulting ultimately in mineralization of the organic pollutants.
Determination of Trace Metals in Southern Nigerian Honey by Use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was employed for the elemental characterization of samples of honey—a multifunctional viscous liquid that is made by honeybees. The honey samples were collected from five different towns in southern Nigeria. Seven elements (Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Ti, and Pb) were determined. Iron was the most abundant element with mean concentration of 224 ppm whereas Pb was the least abundant with mean concentration of 0.62 ppm. The results indicate that honey is rich in essential and beneficial minerals required for healthy growth. The correlation matrix results also show that some of the trace metals determined have common sources or chemical similarities.
Contamination of Ultrapure Systems by Back‐Diffusion of Gaseous Impurities

Diffusion of impurities against the direction of gas flow can be a significant source of contamination in the ultrapure gas systems. The mechanism and the kinetics of impurity transport due to back-diffusion is studied both experimentally and theoretically. A model is developed to simulate the process and calculate the extent of impurity transport due to back-diffusion. Experiments for measuring oxygen back-diffusion in a nitrogen carrier stream are conducted. The data and the model predictions are in good agreement. Back-diffusion involves both bulk and surface diffusion and is higher for lower pressures, lower flow rates, larger tube diameters, and for smaller nonadsorbing molecules
GSSR Waveforms for Lunar Observations

The research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. © 2013 California Institute of Technology. U.S. Government sponsorship acknowledged. abstract. — To increase the resolution of the Goldstone Solar System Radar (GSSR) for lunar observations, a new ranging waveform must be developed. Several candidate waveforms are identified and analytically characterized, including the existing GSSR biphase-coded (BPC) waveform; two commonly used waveforms, linear frequency modulation (LFM) and Costas frequency-hopped (Costas-FH); and a novel minimum-shift keying (MSK) type waveform developed during the course of this study. A set of requirements taking into consideration the spectrum allocation of the GSSR, the limitations of the transmit power amplifier, and the science objectives for a lunar observation were developed and used as selection criteria for the candidate waveforms. Windowed LFM, windowed Costas-FH, and MSK were identified as suitable for development consideration as a new GSSR ranging waveform for lunar observations.
Activities of the Antipsychotic Drugs Haloperidol and Risperidone on Behavioural Effects Induced by Ketamine in Mice

This study presents the actions of risperidone (Risp) and haloperidol (Hal) on the behavioral effects elicited by ketamine (Ket) on open-field (OF), rota rod (RR) and tail suspension (TS) tests in mice. Male Swiss albino mice (25–30g) were used. Antipsychotics were administered alone (Risp: 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg, ip; Hal: 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, ip) or thirty minutes before Ket (10 mg/Kg, ip). Ket increased (Ket: 63.3 ± 4.2) the locomotor activity compared to control, while neuroleptics decreased it (25.5 ± 4.2). Pretreatment with neuroleptics, in both doses, blocked hyperlocomotion caused by Ket. In RR, Ket decreased (Ket: 15 ± 4.1) the permanence time of the animals compared to control (Control: 59 ± 0.6), but this effect was not observed when neuroleptics were administered alone. Pretreatment with neuroleptics reverted the effect of Ket only in the RR. While Ket (17.3 ± 5.6) decreased the time of immobility in the tail suspension test compared to the control (80.2 ± 10.2), the pretreatment with neuroleptics reverted this mobility. The action of neuroleptics in this model made possible the blockade of the effects caused by acute administration of Ket. Thus, the mechanism of action of ketamine may involve the dopaminergic system.
Dispersions of Liquid Crystalline Phases of the Monoolein/Oleic Acid/Pluronic F127 System

Aqueous dispersions of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases (cubosomes and hexosomes) were prepared using lipid mixtures, monoolein (MO) and oleic acid (OA), and emulsifier Pluronic F127 by changing their composition. The size and internal structure of the prepared particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. At the weight ratio of MO:OA = 5:5 and 8 wt % F127 to the total lipid mixtures, particles with a diameter of ca. 140 nm and including an inverted hexagonal (HII) phase were formed. With an increase in the F127 concentration, the particle size decreased, but the internal structure (lattice constant) did not change, suggesting that F127 absorbs at the particle surface with little incorporation in the HII phase. The lipid ratios and solvent pH strongly affected the morphology of the internal structure of the particles. By increasing the weight fraction of OA in the lipid mixtures, the internal structure transformed in the order of bicontinuous c.
Simple model for dielectrophoretic alignment of gallium nitride nanowires

A model describing the dielectrophoretic alignment of gallium nitride nanowires suspended in a solvent is presented here. The variations in the dielectrophoretic forces experienced by nanowires in different dispersing solvents have been calculated. It is shown that the relative sizes of the nanowires with respect to the spherical microparticles play a major role in the dielectrophoretic forces experienced by them.
Electromagnetic noise in electric circuits: Ringing and resonance phenomena in the common mode

It is generally believed that electromagnetic noise originates from the coupling of electric signals in a circuit with electric signals in surrounding materials in the environment. However, the noise phenomenon had not been quantified until now. In order to study the phenomenon of noise, we considered a standard circuit (two transmission lines), to which an additional transmission line was introduced in order to explicitly take into account the effect of conductors in the environment. We performed calculations using a newly developed multiconductor transmission-line theory for the resulting three-line circuit in order to determine the magnitude of the coupling between the circuit and the conductors in the environment under various conditions. We observed ringing and resonance phenomena in the common mode, which influenced the performance of the normal mode as electromagnetic noise. Our findings were confirmed by recent experiments in which conductor lines were arranged in various ways using a printed circuit board (PCB). The ordinary usage of electricity in the standard electric circuit was found to be worst in exciting the common mode noise.
Effect of zinc and iron application on leaf chlorophyll, carotenoid, grain yield and quality of wheat in calcareous soil of Saurashtra region

Micronutrients like Fe and Zn plays a vital role in growth and development of plant and occupies an important portion by virtue of their essentiality in increasing crop yields. Trend to more intensive crop production with higher yields, heavier usage of fertilizers increases the need for greater consideration and usage of micronutrients. Iron plays an important role in respiration, photosynthesis and the production of healthy green leaves. Keeping in view the important role of iron in crop production, chelated application of Fe and Zn may help to overcome the above problem and helps the increase in crop growth and yield and grain quality, the present study was designed. The results showed that the leaf chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, Total chlorophyll and total carotenoid content in wheat leaves were significantly increase at 45 and 70 DAS in wheat leaves in Fe treated plot. Content also remained higher in Zn treated plot compared to control indicated that Zinc and Iron play important role in improvement of quality, regulation of enzymatic process and the chlorophyll content. Fe and Zn applications, either as soil or foliar application increased the grain yield, protein and gluten content of wheat. This may be the effect of increased in photosynthesis due to higher photo harvesting pigment in leaf as well as increased in nutrient content in plant due to the application of Zn and Fe.
Experimental and theoretical studies on corals. I. Toward understanding the origin of color in precious red corals from Raman and IR spectroscopies and DFT calculations

An attempt to explain the origin of the vivid red color in precious pink and red corals was undertaken. Raman and IR spectroscopies were applied to characterize white, pink and red corals. The position of the Raman signal near 1500 cm −1 of some corals and pearls was associated by several authors with the presence of the mixture of all-trans-polyenic pigments, containing 6 – 16 conjugated C C bonds or β-carotenoids. This hypothesis was examined theoretically by performing extensive B3LYP-DFT calculations of vibrational spectra of the model polyenic compounds. The B3LYP/6-311++G ∗∗ predicted positions of the dominating Raman mode depend on the number of C Cu nits (Cn parameter) and can be accurately predicted for larger systems from a simple nonlinear fit. The DFT-predicted Raman activities of these modes are extremely sensitive to Cn ,a nd sharply increase with the number of double bonds. This implies a presence of only – two to three polyenes differing slightly in the number of C C units as the source of color in pink and red corals. Copyright c � 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.
Application of the Pesticide Transport Assessment model to a field study in a humic sandy soil in Vredepeel, The Netherlands

The Pesticide Transport Assessment model (PESTRAS) is a process-oriented model to simulate the fate and movement of water and pesticides in a cropped field soil. The model was evaluated using field data for bromide, ethoprophos and bentazone, collected from a field experiment in a humic sandy soil near Vredepeel, the Netherlands. Model predictions were generally within the 95% confidence intervals of the observations when site-specific model inputs were used. If generic parameter values were used, the model predictions sometimes deviated strongly from the observed data. This was especially true for pesticide degradation properties. The bromide simulations showed that preferential flow was not an important process for this field soil. A significant fraction of the applied ethoprophos disappeared by surface volatilization. The downward movement of this pesticide was slightly overestimated, due to not considering sorption kinetics. The depth-dependence of pesticide transformation was atypical: an important fraction of the applied bentazone was transformed under micro-aerobic to anaerobic conditions in the subsoil.
On the Solution of the Poisson‐Boltzmann Equation with Application to the Theory of Thermal Explosions

The theory of thermal explosions originally proposed by Frank‐Kamenetzky has been the subject of a number of investigations. The critical condition of inflammability requires the solution of the nonlinear Poisson‐Boltzmann differential equation. For the case of a reaction vessel of cylindrical or spherical shape the solution was obtained by previous investigators by numerical integration of the equation. It is shown, however, in the following that the solutions can be obtained in terms of known functions.
Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy in Iraq; case series

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a rare and serious form of child abuse and psychological maltreatment, comprises both physical abuse and medical neglect. It is characterized by a child with symptoms and signs of an illness that have been fabricated by the mother or the caregiver. Ten children less than 7 years of age (eight males, two females) with Munchausen syndrome by proxy were seen in Al-Tifil Central hospital and Tikrit Teaching Hospital between 1998-2007. In three of the patients the mother was the only offender, the child's aunt was the only offender in another one patient, the mother and her sister were the offenders in another patient, the mother and her aunt was the offender in another patient, and in the remaining 4 patients the mother's aunt was the offenders, who named here as the great perpetrator, because she was the perpetrator with 10 victims of different ages. In 9 patients, the relations was the offender's motivation in comparison economic motivation in only one patient. One child died, while the other patient's lives were saved. Difficulties in diagnosis and management in this field are presented. This is a pioneer study for five reasons; 1st: it reveals existence of MSBP in Iraq for the first time, 2nd: it describes a novel type of MSBP, which caused by the great perpetrator, who had 10 victims of different ages; 3rd: it describes 2 patients of adult victims of MSBP, and 4th: describes offenders who act in duet manner 5th: special problems unique to the Iraqi society has been described. Until now, no national legal guidelines exist in the Iraq to child abuse in general and MSBP in particular. Urgent guidelines, policies, and legal system are required. It is necessary to create awareness even in the medical community, to recognize this problem and should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual illness with bizarre features, even if the parents' behavior appears normal.