Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Warning drivers of approaching hazards: The importance of location clues and multi-sensory cues

Research in experimental psychology has examined in depth the benefits to target detection through the provision of a warning signal, the optimum warning intervals, and has proposed mechanisms such as increased arousal and expectancy that underpin these effects. The rapid acceptance of in-vehicle technologies necessitates examination of these issues to ensure that the anticipated safety benefits are in fact realised. This research set out to measure driver responses to an advisory warning – the context of this examination was detection of emergency vehicles (EV). Using an advanced driving simulator we examined the effects of an advisory warning device (AWD) on driving performance in scenarios known to be high risk for EVs. Each event contained a combination of scenario type (adjacent-lane, turning-across, carfollowing) and warning condition (control, standard, advisory). For adjacent-lane and turning-across events the AWD was associated primarily with reductions in mean speed. The advisory warning allowed the drivers to react more quickly once the EV was detected, resulting in a lower vehicle speed at the intersection, which is a measure of increased safety. Response priming emerged as a likely mechanism underpinning these benefits and is generalisable to other settings where an advisory warning is presented before the threat is perceived. Recent research shows that performance can be enhanced further by providing information about the target location within the warning signal, and/or by using multi-sensory modalities to present threat information to drivers. These developments provide further avenues for exploring the optimal configuration of warning systems.
The anamorphs of Chaenothecopsis viridireagens

An anamorph of Chaenothecopsis viridireagens occurring in the field is reported. It is coelomycetous and the conidiomata are formed on stalks which often branch to form tree-like complexes. Similar structures are formed in axenic cultures. This anamorph is compared to anarnorphs of other Chaenothecopsis species. In cultures a hyphomy-cetous anamorph was also formed.
Effects of Humidity on Losses of Bulb Onions (Allium cepa) Stored at High Temperature

SUMMARY Onion bulbs were stored at 30°C at relative humidities of 50, 80 and 95 per cent in 1971–72 and at the same temperature at 35, 50, 60 and 70 per cent RH in 1972–73. Losses from rotting, sprouting and desiccation were recorded. The latter were lowest at 95 per cent RH and not correlated with humidity in the range 35–80 per cent RH. Rotting losses similarly were not correlated with humidity but were highest at the highest humidity.
Viability of seeds of Eucalyptus obliqua and Leptospermum juniperinum from capsules subjected to a crown fire

Abstract Following crown fires near Anglesea, Victoria, about one third of the estimated viable seed survived within the capsules of Eucalyptus obliqua and Leptospermum juniperinum. Thickness of the capsule wall was much less than that of the bark of adjacent stems on which cambium was killed. Moisture content of seed and capsules, as well as the mutual packing of inflorescences may contribute to the subtleties of seed survival under such searing conditions. All E. obliqua seeds were killed in capsules heated to 290°C for 1 ½ minutes, whilst some Leptospermum seeds survived 4 minutes at 380 °C. Experiments point to the occurrence during crown fires of either very short exposures to high temperatures, or longer exposures to relatively low temperatures at capsule sites. Further work may enable a calibration of such fire environments within the crown.
An investigation of non-steady-state algal growth. I. An experimental model ecosystem

In order to test rigorously the transient behaviour of mathematical models of algal growth, detailed laboratory data sets with good temporal resolution are required. A series of algal growth experiments was conducted in transient conditions. Monoculture growth of, and competition for nutrients between, three contrasting species of phytoplankton (the diatom Thalassiosira pseudo- nana, the harmful flagellate Heterosigma carterae and the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum) were investigated in different temperature, light and nutrient regimes. Although growth dynamics were qualitatively similar in batch culture, quantitative differences were evident in the growth response of the different species when grown in single yield-limiting nutrient conditions in identical physical conditions. Quantities such as the carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio and C and N per cell varied between species and within species under different growth conditions. Such results have particular significance to the development of mathematical models, which commonly represent algal popu- lations as a single homogeneous group using a single currency such as numbers, C or N. Changes in light and temperature regime influenced algal growth: Alexandrium failed to grow at low tempera- tures, while specific growth rates of Thalassiosira were more sensitive to changes in temperature than those of Heterosigma. Changes in the dominant organism(s) and/or its size or nutrient status may influence the transfer of nutrients within the food web. Commonly, mathematical models make cell growth a function of a single yield-limiting nutrient. Decreased growth rates and high residual nutrient concentrations in competition experiments indicate that this approach is unlikely to be successful in conditions of limited supply of more than one nutrient, where multiple nutrient stresses will be significant.
Nuclear Factor-κB/IκB Signaling Pathway May Contribute to the Mediation of Paclitaxel-induced Apoptosis in Solid Tumor Cells

Paclitaxel (Taxol®), a naturally occurring antimitotic agent, has shown significant cell-killing activity in a variety of tumor cells through induction of apoptosis. The mechanism by which paclitaxel induces cell death is not entirely clear. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that glucocorticoids selectively inhibited paclitaxel-induced apoptosis without affecting the ability of paclitaxel to induce microtubule bundling and mitotic arrest. This finding suggests that apoptotic cell death induced by paclitaxel may occur via a pathway independent of mitotic arrest. In the current study, through analyses of a number of apoptosis-associated genes or regulatory proteins, we discovered that paclitaxel significantly down-regulated IκB-α, the cytoplasmic inhibitor of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which in turn promoted the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and its DNA binding activity. In contrast, we found that glucocorticoids could antagonize paclitaxel-mediated NF-κB nuclear translocation and activation through induction of IκB-α protein synthesis. Northern blotting analyses demonstrated that the steady-state level of IκB-α mRNA was not affected by paclitaxel, which suggests that the down-regulation of IκB-α by paclitaxel is attributable to protein degradation rather than suppression of transcription. Furthermore, through transfection assays, we demonstrated that tumor cells stably transfected with antisense IκB-α expression vectors remarkably increased their sensitivity to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Finally, we found that a key subunit of IκB kinase (IKK) complex, IKKβ, was up-regulated by paclitaxel, which implies that paclitaxel might down-regulate IκB-α through modulation of IKKβ activity. All of these results suggest that the NF-κB/IκB-α signaling pathway may contribute to the mediation of paclitaxel-induced cell death in solid tumor cells.
Aspects of raccoon life history in west-central Illinois

Raccoons (Procyon lotor) were livetrapped and marked during 1989–1993 in an agriculturally dominated landscape in Brown County, west-central Illinois. Densities averaged 4.5 per km with males dominating in the younger age classes (< 2 yrs) and females in older raccoons. Breeding rates averaged 46% for yearling females and 87% for adult females, with yearlings contributing about 20% of annual production. Juvenile survival rate averaged 74% between birth and 6 months. Both sexes continued to gain body weight into their 3 year with males consistently heavier (P < 0.03) than females. Males lost body condition in winter while females remained in a more stable condition throughout the year. Dispersal behavior was more pronounced in males. Females of all age classes remained on the study area somewhat longer (P > 0.05) than males. Males were more likely to die from hunting and trapping causes while females were more likely than males to die of disease. Seasonal home ranges were similar for both sexes (P < 0.05) but male ranges averaged somewhat larger areas. We found no evidence that west-central Illinois raccoons were territorial as a paired removal experiment showed no attempt by the remaining member of each pair to make directed movements into a vacated range. Our study animals appeared to be above average in weight and condition, to be breeding at a level consistent with a healthy condition and to be generally under-harvested.
The Rating Based Recommender System using Textual Reviews: A Survey

Nowadays online shopping is emerging as a growth of business. Customers are getting used to purchasing the items online. Online reviews are an essential resource for users choosing to buy a product, watch a movie or go to a hotel. When it needs to decide the items/products through online, the opinions of other users through review matter a lot. It gives a good idea of the product to be purchasable or not. However, people face the information overloading problem. So the problem is as to how to get valuable information from user reviews so as to understand a user’s preference and make an accurate recommendation. Recommender systems become risen as an essential tool to overwhelm the negative result of information overloading problem. The traditional recommendation system examines some factors like the user’s buying records, product classification, and user's geographic location. This paper is an attempt to discuss the three social factors with some rating prediction algorithms based on user sentiment similarity, item reputation and user circle influence and review the applicable sentiment dictionary to the recommender system.
Sleep Quality as a Target for Improving Medication Adherence in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

Sleep Quality as a Target for Improving Medication Adherence in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders Leeba Rezaie 1, * Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Corresponding author: Associate Professor of Occupational Therapy, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Tel: +98-9188364414, Fax: +98-8338265255, Email: rezaie.phd. ot@gmail.com
Plaagdoders in rivierwater van die Nasionale Krugerwildtuin

Rivers flowing into the Kruger National Park were monitored for pesticide residues. Sampling sites were located on the Levubu, Letaba, Olifants, Sabie and Crocodile Rivers. Altogether 657 samples were analysed over two years and in only 11 or two per cent were pesticide residues found. Endosulfan was found in seven samples at concentrations ranging from 100 to 6 300 ng/dm3. Dieldrin was found in two samples at concentrations of 1 700 and 2 900 ng/dm3, while DDT was found in the other two samples at concentrations of 100 and 500 ng/dm3. In 85 samples or 13 unknown chlorinated compounds were found, possibly industrial pollutants. The results of this survey indicated that pesticides in rivers do not pose a serious threat to wildlife in the Kruger National Park.
Fatty acid composition of Boerhaavia procumbens L. roots oil by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

The Boerhaavia procumbens roots oil, constituents of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids, were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The results obtained contain saturated, as well as unsaturated fatty acids of B. procumbensroots oils. A total of 18 different components were identified and quantified. Methyl ester of linoleic acid was found in high concentration (9.00%) among the identified analytes of interest. In addition, methyl ester of oleic acid (5.60%), palmitic acid (3.98%), and linolenic acids (1.42%) were found. Concentration of the rest identified fatty acids analytes were less than 1%. Due to the presence of a high percentage of valuable analytes in Boerhaavia procumbens, there is an increased importance in its use in pharmaceuticals, as well as its applications in the new formulations for various skin diseases to prevent and cure different infections. Key words: Boerhaavia procumbens, methyl ester, fatty acid, gas chromatography.
Variation of wool between and across the fleeces of composite-breed strong-wool sheep in New Zealand.

Many farmers in New Zealand have moved towards using composite-breed sheep flocks to increase the meat production and fecundity of their stock. We aimed to determine whether flocks with a wider genetic base had greater between and within-fleece variation than single-breed flocks. Wool from seventeen body sites of sheep from five flocks of diverse genetic background (Romney, Coopworth, and crosses with Texel, Finnish Landrace and East Friesian breed lines) were compared. Both mean fibre diameter and mean fibre curvature differed between flocks (P <0.001), and across the body (P <0.01). While fibre diameter was more consistent, fibre curvature was more variable across the finer fleeces of flocks with some Finnish Landrace influence. Wool was shorter in Texel crosses, resulting in more consistent length across body sites. Our data suggests that composite-breed sheep exhibit increased within-fleece variation of some wool traits and decreased variation of others. Of most significance was that the extent of wool variation across body sites varied considerably between sheep, regardless of their genotype. In general, there was little association between wool traits with respect to this across-fleece uniformity. Fleece uniformity can be assessed by sampling across the anteriorposterior axis. Selection of stock with more uniform fleeces for specific traits may aid the production of wool better specified to satisfy differentiated niche markets.
The Effect of Irradiance on Carboxylating/Decarboxylating Enzymes and Fumarase Activities in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Exposed to Salinity Stress

Abstract: In Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants, treated for 9 days with 0.4 M NaCl at low light intensities (80 - 90 or 95 - 100 μE m-2 s-1; λ = 400 - 700 nm), no day/night malate level differences (Δmalate) were detected. At high light (385 - 400 μE m-2 s-1) strong stimulation of PEPC activity, accompanied by a Δmalate of 11.3 mM, demonstrated the presence of CAM metabolism. This indicates that, to evolve day/night differences in malate concentration, high light is required. Salt treatment at low light induces and increases the activity of NAD- and NADP-malic enzymes by as much as 3.7- and 3.9-fold, while at high light these values reach 6.4- and 17.7-fold, respectively. The induction of activity of both malic enzymes and PEPC (phospoenolpyruvate carboxylase) take place before Δmalate is detectable. An increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) was observed in plants cultivated at high light in both control and salt-treated plants. However, in salt-treated plants this effect was more pronounced. Carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes seem to be induced by a combination of different signals, i.e., salt and light intensity. Plants performing CAM, after the decrease of activity of both the decarboxylating enzymes at the beginning of the light period, showed an increase in these enzymes in darkness when the malate pool reaches higher levels. In CAM plants the activity of fumarase (Krebs cycle) is much lower than that in C3 plants. The role of mitochondria in CAM plants is discussed.
Christmas Bird Count

4. Date(s) of Observation: 12/19/2015 Time: multiple sightings between 9:15 and 9:45 Earlier/Later dates by others, if known: A HRLH was seen two days later by Bob Loy about 6 miles east of the original location. There was another sighting a month previous in Bandelier. The only other report for this sub-species within the count circle was a single report in January of 2013 by a non-local birder using a generic “Los Alamos” location.
Comparison of date-palm wastes and perlite as growth substrates on some tomato growing indexes

Department of Soil Science, Faculty Of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, P.O. Box 81595-158, Iran. Member of young researcher club. M.Sc. Graduate of Soil Science, Faculty Of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Esfahan, Iran. Young researcher club. M.Sc. Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty Of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Esfahan, Iran.
An investigation concerning the possibility of replacing supplemental methionine with choline in practical laying rations

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of replacing supplemental methionine with choline in practical laying rations. Two basal diets containing 16.4 and 14.4% protein were used in these experiments. The calculated levels of methionine and total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) were, respectively, . 29 and . 52% in the high protein and . 26 and . 45% in the low protein basal rations. The experimental rations were obtained by adding methionine, choline, or their combinations to the basal rations. Hens received the experimental rations for periods of 10, 20, and 40 weeks for the first, second, and third experiments, respectively. Supplemental methionine, choline, or their combinations did not have a significant effect on production traits with either levels of protein in the first experiment. In the second experiment, production traits were not improved by adding methionine or choline to the 16.4% basal diet. However, a significant egg production response was obtained by adding methionine, choline, or their combinations to the 14.4% protein diet. Egg size was significantly increased by methionine, whereas combinations of methionine and choline tended to increase egg size with the 14.4% protein diet. Adding choline alone to this basal diet did not affect egg size. In the third experiment, egg production of birds fed basal diets supplemented with methionine or choline was similar. However, with either level of protein, birds that received methionine-supplemented diets produced significantly larger eggs than those receiving choline-supplemented diets. The results of these experiments generally suggested that when practical laying rations are deficient in methionine and TSAA, choline supplementation may improve egg production. However, under such conditions choline in contrast to methionine is not effective in increasing egg size.
Psychotherapy in the Palliative Care Setting

The goal of palliative medicine is to actively treat distressing symptoms that are associated with advanced illness. Pain and other physical symptoms, emotional and spiritual distress, and caregiver burden become the focus of the palliative care team. As a physical illness progresses, patients and their caregivers may experience increasing or continual emotional distress caused by the awareness of a limited prognosis. Psychotherapy is a psychological intervention that can help patients and caregivers improve coping and reduce the suffering resulting from the awareness that death may be near. It can also be used effectively to improve communication between patients and other members of the treatment team. The delivery of psychotherapy in the palliative care setting requires a modification of the traditional outpatient model. This article reviews conceptual and clinical issues related to psychotherapy in the palliative care setting and offers suggestions that can be utilized by clinicians working with palliative care patients and their caregivers. Traditionally, the various schools of psychotherapy have not focused on patients with advanced illness who may be facing death. Palliative care brings unique demands and perspectives to the psychotherapeutic process. This article reviews conceptual and clinical issues that arise in this setting.
Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales

The sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change are increasingly discussed in terms of climate change, often forgetting that climate is only one aspect of environmental variation. As treeline heterogeneity increases from global to regional and smaller scales, assessment of treeline sensitivity at the landscape and local scales requires a more complex approach than at the global scale. The time scale (short-, medium-, long-term) also plays an important role when considering treeline sensitivity. The sensitivity of the treeline to a changing environment varies among different types of treeline. Treelines controlled mainly by orographic influences are not very susceptible to the effects of warming climates. Greatest sensitivity can be expected in anthropogenic treelines after the cessation of human activity. However, tree invasion into former forested areas above the anthropogenic forest limit is controlled by site conditions, and in particular, by microclimates and soils. Apart from changes in tree physiognomy, the spontaneous advance of young growth of forest-forming tree species into present treeless areas within the treeline ecotone and beyond the tree limit is considered to be the best indicator of treeline sensitivity to environmental change. The sensitivity of climatic treelines to climate warming varies both in the local and regional topographical conditions. Furthermore, treeline history and its after-effects also play an important role. The sensitivity of treelines to changes in given factors (e.g. winter snow pack, soil moisture, temperature, evaporation, etc.) may vary among areas with differing climatic characteristics. In general, forest will not advance in a closed front but will follow sites that became more favourable to tree establishment under the changed climatic conditions.