Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frontal Cortical Modulation of Temporal Visual Cross-Modal Re-organization in Adults with Hearing Loss

Recent research has demonstrated frontal cortical involvement to co-occur with visual re-organization, suggestive of top-down modulation of cross-modal mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether top-down modulation of visual re-organization takes place in mild hearing loss, or is dependent upon greater degrees of hearing loss severity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if frontal top-down modulation of visual cross-modal re-organization increased across hearing loss severity. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to apparent motion stimuli in 17 adults with mild-moderate hearing loss using 128-channel high-density electroencephalography (EEG). Current density reconstructions (CDRs) were generated using sLORETA to visualize VEP generators in both groups. VEP latency and amplitude in frontal regions of interest (ROIs) were compared between groups and correlated with auditory behavioral measures. Activation of frontal networks in response to visual stimulation increased across mild to moderate hearing loss, with simultaneous activation of the temporal cortex. In addition, group differences in VEP latency and amplitude correlated with auditory behavioral measures. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that frontal top-down modulation of visual cross-modal re-organization is dependent upon hearing loss severity.
A docking system for battery exchange

In precision agriculture there is a need for an agile data acquisition platform that can navigate vast and complex terrain. Small sized electrical rotor-craft have great maneuverability but generally have short endurance, limiting their roles in several scenarios. As endurance is a power storage problem, and solutions are normally evolutionary rather than revolutionary, a system that can restore it's relatively low power capacity while remaining autonomous is an improvement in the operation of an autonomous unmanned airplane. As the current work is of a conceptual nature, a simulation setup was developed to do basic validation. The goal of this work is to integrate already existing technologies thus, an important aspect, is the interface between simulator components that were never designed to work together. Examples of this integration are the graphics rendering of a 3D scene with data from the physics engine and the exporting of 3D models from Solidworks CAD program. A work ow was then devised to aggregate di erent types of data. The work ow was also developed to create an environment in which each component is the most decoupled from each other. All the simulated data fed to the sensor models come from the kinematics simulator except for the camera. For the case of the camera, data needs to be rendered to a 3D scene. Except for the camera, data is used by the Flight Dynamics Control System module(FDCS), speci cally Arducopter. The Arducopter module executes ights in the synthetic environment as it would in a real one. An additional module is connected to the FDCS that triggers a special ight plan to land visually in predetermined locations. These locations have a station that allows for the tracking of visual cues and battery switching. It is shown that a modi ed PI controller is enough make a visual landing. It is also shown that o -the shelf technologies can be used in conjunction with custom developed ones to create stable testing platforms, allowing for selective replacement of functionality. This way work can focus on the problems to be solved in a more abstract way instead of having to implement features which are practical details. The developed MAVLink library was specially useful because it created the bridge to integrate the developed landing ight planning and control into a general quad-rotor autopilot module in ight.
Epiphytic Growth Habits of Chilean Gesneriaceae And the Evolution of Epiphytes Within the Tribe Coronanthereae1

Abstract Three monotypic and endemic genera of epiphytic Gesneriaceae (Gesnerioideae, Coronanthereae) occur in temperate rainforests of southern South America. In this article, intraspecific differences in rooted substrate and interspecific variation in epiphytic growth habits among these three Gesneriaceae species were assessed. The presence or absence of plants on the ground and main rooted substrate when growing epiphytically on trees were used to characterize epiphytic growth habits in two old-growth temperate rainforests of northern Chiloé Island (42°30′S) in Chile. An evolutionary interpretation based on reported phylogenies and morphologies within the Coronanthereae is proposed. Two species of Chilean Gesneriaceae, Mitraria coccinea Cav. and Asteranthera ovata (Cav.) Hanst. , originate from the forest floor, then climb on trees while maintaining their main roots in the ground, and are classified as secondary hemiepiphytes. The third species, Sarmienta repens Ruiz & Pav. , was found exclusively on tree trunks and branches of living and dead trees and thus may be classified as a holoepiphyte. Based on reported phylogenies and biogeographical, ecological, and morphological data, the mechanically independent arboreal habit appears to be the ancestral condition in the Coronanthereae, which in turn gave rise to the climbing habit and finally the holoepiphytic habit. This may be a common evolutionary pathway toward holoepiphytism within other lineages in the Gesneriaceae.
Reproductive hierarchies in Erodium : effects of variation in plant density and rainfall distribution

Reproductive hierarchies in even-aged plant monocultures often reflect the dynamics of intraspecific competition and, by their influence on effective population num- ber, can alter significantly the relative importance of genetic drift in the evolution of plant populations. In experimental populations of Erodium botrys and E. brachycarpum, I ex- amined the interactive effects of intraspecific competition and rainfall variability on the development of reproductive hierarchies in these annual species. Reproductive inequality within monocultures of both species increased with increasing plant density and plant productivity. Plant productivity, as measured by seed production, was determined by rainfall distribution. The magnitude of reproductive inequality was dependent on the interaction of sowing density and rainfall distribution. At the highest sowing density, reproductive inequality was greatest in populations that experienced early autumn precip- itation and lowest in populations exposed to drought during flowering. In contrast, at the lowest sowing density there was no significant effect of rainfall pattern on reproductive inequality. Effective population number was relatively insensitive to increases in population density because of increased inequality in reproduction at higher population densities. Reproductive variance could be a major contributor to drift variance in dense populations of both Erodium species.
Population Structure and Habitat Use of Bluegill in the Upper Mississippi River

Fish populations are driven by the dynamic rate functions (i.e., recruitment, growth, and mortality). Knowledge of these vital rates can provide critical information to determine spatiotemporal population-level changes in the system. Therefore, understanding these vital rates are important in the proper management of any fishery. Anthropogenic modifications to the environment have had damaging effects on the organisms within these ecosystems. Specific to Upper Mississippi River fishes, channelization, dams, and loss of floodplain connectivity have all been purported as deleterious. In the face of these modifications, understanding habitat use and vital rates of individual species is needed to help guide management and restoration efforts. Furthermore, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus are an important indicator species that may provide insight on the broader fish community (e.g., “canary in a coal mine”). As such, the objective of this study is to determine the habitat use and population demographics of Bluegill in the Upper Mississippi River system. Knowledge of vital rates and habitat needs will provide a baseline for managers as a reference to future changes in the river. Bluegill were collected via electrofishing conducted by the United States Army Corps of Engineers’ Long-Term Resource Monitoring (LTRM) element. Habitat data was collected during electrofishing events conducted at three field sites (Pool 4 in Lake City, MN, Pool 8 in Onalaska, WI, and Pool 13 in Bellevue, IA) in the Upper Mississippi River from 1993-2017. Fish used for vital rate analysis were collected at five field sites via electrofishing (Pool 4 in Lake City, MN, Pool 8 in Onalaska, WI, Pool 13 in Bellevue, IA, Pool 26 in Alton, IL, and the Open River reach in Cape Girardeau, MO) in the Upper Mississippi River during the summer of 2018. The information garnered in this study can be used to help direct management efforts that not only favor Bluegill, but also other fishes in the Upper Mississippi River.
Crucial components in toll-like receptor signaling network as key regulators for immunological disorders

The toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling network is the main part of the mammalian immune system. It is activated by the pathogenic ligands producing immunological responses. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the system level properties of the TLR signaling network aiming to decipher the complex network structure for drug target identification in immunological disorders. The network of molecular interactions in TLR signaling is decomposed into fundamental routes from ligands to cellular responses to gain insights about the working mechanisms of the mammalian immune system. The employment of the network decomposition analysis enlightened the network properties, such as participation of molecules in a variety of responses, pathway cross-talk, and specific molecules for each phenotype. Critical investigation of the results indicates the key components in the regulation of immunological responses giving chance to unravel the causes of the disorders. Key words: Signaling network, toll-like receptor, immunological response, network decomposition analysis, drug target.
Switching theory

Switching theory is the abstract mathematical formalization used in the logic design of digital networks. It is so called because, when it was first developed by Claude Shannon (q.v.) in 1938, most logic networks were implemented using switches and electromechanical devices such as relays. Modern logic networks are usually constructed using electronic integrated circuits comprising networks of logical elements such as inverters, AND gates, and OR gates. These elements operate on binary signals; they are constrained to take on only two different voltage values (such as 0 or 5 volts). Switching theory used a two-valued Boolean algebra (sometimes called Switching algebra) as a notation to represent the operation of such logic networks. The two algebraic values are most often represented as "0" and "1," although "T" and "F" are sometimes used to emphasize the relation to propositional logic. The correspondence between the algebraic symbol used to represent a signal and the voltage present is arbitrary, although the positive logic convention in which the algebraic 1 represents the more positive voltage signal is now most common. Each input or output signal of a logic network is represented by a Boolean variable. Boolean algebra has three basic operations: inversion, logical addition, and logical multiplication; these operations are implemented directly by logic gates called inverters, OR gates, and AND gates. The symbols most often used to represent these gates are shown in Fig. 1. The output of an inverter always takes on the value opposite to the value of its input. , The output of an OR gate is always equal to 1 unless all of its inputs are equal to 0, in which case the output is 0. The output of an AND gate is always equal to 0 unless all of its inputs are equal to 1, in which case the output is 1.
Visualising The Complex Features Of Source Code

Software development is a complex undertaking composed of several activities that include reading, writing, and modifying source code. Indeed, previous studies have shown that the majority of the effort invested in software development is dedicated to understanding code. This includes understanding the static structure, dynamic behaviour, and evolution of the code. Given these particular characteristics, as well as the high complexity of source code, it is reasonable to consider how visualisation can facilitate source code understanding. This work proposes to extend existing software development tools with visualisations that can be used to encode the various complex features within a source code document. Further, this work establishes a design space which includes a series of visualisations that are meant to complement existing textual views of source code, as found in source code editors. Several prototype visualisations are presented in this work which utilise various visualisation techniques, such as tree visualisations techniques and visualisation techniques based on the code-map metaphor. This work also presents several experiments, where the results of these experiments indicate that combining existing software development tools with visualisations can have a positive effect on source code understanding. Additionally, the result of the experiments show that the less a visualisation is abstracted from the original textural representation of a source code document, in terms of line, token, ordering, and character information, the more likely it is that viewers can link the visualisation to the code and back.
Study of Pediatrician Knowledge Level about Children Oral/Dental Health during Residency Program between 2012 and 2014 in Medical Universities

Background: Since dental caries is a common problem in society, community health indicators must be developed to include it. So dental care in children is very important and should be considered in the evaluation of early childhood. So, this study was conducted to evaluate pediatrics’ knowledge about oral/dental problems during residency program in educational hospitals affiliated to the medical universities in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we evaluated 205 pediatricians at residency program about their dental care knowledge for children at Tehran educational hospital by approved questionnaire. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and central index tests. Results: 205 pediatricians in residency program were participated in this study. 67.8% was female and 32.2% was male. The average score obtained in the questionnaire was 6.51 in female group and 6.28 in male group. The difference of scores was not significant between the groups. In total, the average was 6.43 with 1.64 SD. 72.7% had moderate knowledge and 27.3% had good knowledge about children dental care. Conclusion: This study showed, pediatricians’ knowledge about children dental care during residency program was not appropriate. According to the key role of pediatricians in dental health, care training should be added in residency program. And also they should be trained in clinics.
Epidemiological Findings on Yersiniosis in Nonhuman Primates in Zoological Gardens in Japan

Yersiniosis, which is caused by pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, poses a serious problem for zoological gardens engaged in breeding nonhuman primates. In Japan, Y. pseudotuberculosis in particular frequently causes fatal infection, and affected nonhuman primates may die unexpectedly or after a very short illness. Our epidemiological study in 17 zoological gardens in Japan suggested that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YPM), which is a kind of super-antigenic toxin, might be the cause of, or at least the most important factor in, the high mortality of breeding nonhuman primates infected by Y. pseudotuberculosis in Japan. Furthermore, seroepidemiological study proved that pathogenic Yersinia is highly prevalent among breeding squirrel monkeys in Japan. It is likely that the monkeys that are pathogenic Yersinia positive have been inapparently or mildly infected by low pathogenic strains of Yersinia, not highly pathogenic strains of Yersinia, such as YPM-producing Y. pseudotuberculosis. In this review, we will describe the epidemiology of yersiniosis in breeding nonhuman primates in Japan.
Proximate and Mineral Composition of Roasted and Defatted Cashew Nut (Anarcadium occidentale) Flour

Cashew nut (Anarcadium occidentale) was roasted, defatted and processed into flour. The flour was evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics (Proximate and Minerals). The proximate composition (%) was as follows: moisture (5.52±0.2) ash (4.41±0.1), crude fat (34.95±0.2), crude protein (27.31±0.0) crude fibre (1.42±0.2) carbohydrate (by difference) 25.39 and energy (Kcal) (534.35). The result of the mineral composition (mg/100 g) showed that roasted and defatted cashew nut flour contains calcium (21.4±0.23) potassium (38.5±0.1) magnesium (36.4±0.3) Iron (0.8±0.1) Zinc (0.9±0.1), Sodium (22.6±0.2) Copper (0.4±0.1). It is obvious that the flour is a good source of energy, protein and minerals.
Data communication network.

The network center (1) includes a low power transmitter/receiver device (1a) for wireless radio communication with similar transmitter/receiver devices (3) provided in or connected to the peripherals (2a-2e, 2i-2k). The network center is portable, has a rechargeable battery and is provided with a high power transmitter/receiver unit (1b) for wireless communication via a telephone network, and with a GPS receiver unit. The peripherals include personal digital organizers, palmtop computers (2b), laptop computers (2a), fax machines (2c), printers (2d) and land-line telephones.
Effect of climate variability on pasture-based dairy feeding systems in south-east Australia

The Australian dairy industry relies primarily on pasture for its feed supply. However, the variability in climate affects plant growth, leading to uncertainty in dryland pasture supply. This paper models the impact of climate variability on pasture production and examines the potential of two pasture-based dairy feeding systems: (1) to experience winter deficits; (2) to carry forward the conserved pasture surpluses as silage for future use; and (3) to conserve pasture surpluses as hay. The two dairy feeding systems examined were a traditional perennial ryegrass-based feeding system (ryegrass max. – RM) and a system that incorporated double cropping into the perennial ryegrass pasture base (complementary forage – CF). The conditional probability of the RM and CF systems to generate pasture deficits in winter were 94% and 96%, respectively. Both systems could carry forward the surplus silage into the following lactation almost once in every 4–5 years with the RM system performing slightly better than the CF system. The proportions of the grain-based concentrates fed in the two systems were 25% and 27% for the RM and CF systems, respectively. This study suggests that double-cropping systems have the potential to provide high-quality feed to support the feed gaps when pasture is not available due to increased variability in climatic conditions.
Reduction of Power Supply Induced Jitter with Applications to DDR Controllers

It is desirable to improve the tradeoff between the power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) performance and the cost for the clock distribution circuit in a double data rate (DDR) controller. This thesis proposes the following techniques to achieve the goal: The static phase offset (SPO) is the dominant mechanism causing reference spurs in the spectrum of the multiplying delay-locked loop (MDLL) output. With a high-gain stage inserted between the phase detector/phase frequency detector and the charge pump, the equivalent SPO has been decreased by a factor equal to the gain of the gain stage. The effectiveness of the proposed technique has been verified at both behavioral level with a Simulink model and the transistor level with circuit simulation results. This thesis also presents a very simple and highly accurate expression for the power supply-induced jitter sensitivity transfer function for CMOS buffer chains. The transfer function is mainly a function of the maximum and minimum propagation delay of the buffer chain. Lastly in this thesis, a concise method is proposed for converting the frequency domain equivalent serial resistance (ESR) and equivalent serial capacitance (ESC) to an approximate broadband equivalent circuit which can be readily used in time domain jitter analysis. Finally a case study demonstrates that, with the proposed techniques in this dissertation, the MDLL based clock distribution circuit for a DDR controller improves the tradeoff between performance and cost compared to the traditional phase locked loop (PLL) based clock distribution circuit.
A Randomized Double-Blind Study: Evulation of Comparing Intravenous Fentanyl with Intravenous Tramadol Administered to Patients with Pain Control Due to Urinary Stone Disease

Received: 22.01. 2019 Accepted: 04.02. 2019 Corresponding Author: Abdullah Osman Koçak, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey Phone: +90 442 344 83 90 E-mail: abdullahmrym86@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-4474 Cite this article as: Koçak AO. A Randomized Double-Blind Study: Evulation of Comparing Intravenous Fentanyl with Intravenous Tramadol Administered to Patients with Pain Control Due to Urinary Stone Disease. Eurasian J Emerg Med. 2019;18(1):48-54 Introduction
Dietary supplementation of green tea by-products on growth performance, meat quality, blood parameters and immunity in finishing pigs

Green tea has a long-standing reputation for its health-promoting properties. It has a useful content of amino acids, proteins, vitamins, tannins and polyphenols, such as epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and gallocatechin. This study evaluated the potential use of green tea by-products in finishing pig diet. A total of 100 finishing pigs were assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 4 replications for 6 weeks in a completely randomized design. The treatments were as follows: control (basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet with 0.003% chlortetracycline), and basal diet with 0.5, 1 or 2% green tea by-products (GTB). In this experiment, a poor weight gain and feed conversion ratio was observed for the GTB-2% group when compared with the antibiotic group. Both crude protein and crude fat contents of the meat were inversely proportional to each other in the GTB groups and 0.5 to 1% level differed with the antibiotic group. The slaughter weight and shear value were higher in GTB-1 and 0.5%, group respectively, while a lower heating loss and higher tenderness were observed in the GTB-2% group. Supplementation of the pig diet with GTB reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of the meat, and increased white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) content compare to others. Although, spleen weight was decreased in the GTB-1 and 2% groups, spleen cells growth and, IL-6 and TNF-α production were improved by the addition of GTB to the feed. These combined results indicated that 0.5 to 1% GTB hold great promise to use as feed additive for finishing pigs. Key words: Green tea by-products, growth, meat, blood, immunity, pigs.