Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Chicken Box, Chick Paper Type and Flock Age on Sound Level and Leg Abnormalities in One-Day Old Chicks in the Hatchery

Abstract : Chicken box and chick paper are two important factors affecting quality of delivered chicks after hatching and packaging until arrival in rearing farms. In this study, characteristics of 70 samples of chicken boxes collected during two years in four hatcheries in Iran were surveyed. Winter and summer types of chicken boxes each with seven replicates including five chicken boxes were studied. The capacity, length, width, height, weight, area, total ventilation ducts of the boxes in summer and winter cartons were 80 and 100 birds, 59.50 and 59.27 cm, 43.44 and 43.25 cm, 13.20 and 12.04 cm, 387 and 382.3 g, 0.685 and 0.664 m 2 , 204.16 171.28 cm 2 , respectively. Allowance space per chicken in chicken box in winter and summer was 1.71 and 2.43 cm 2 , respectively. The duration of chickens stay at chicken box in summer and winter was 12 and 7.57 hours, respectively. Significant difference between the height of box, capacity, duration of stay at chicken box, space per chick (P<0.0001), total ventilation ducts (pores area) for air exchange (P<0.05) and width of chicken box (P<0.014) was observed in winter and summer boxes. Effects of chick paper type (rough and smooth) used in chicken box floor on the sound level was significant (80.50 and 76.55 dB for rough and smooth type, respectively; P<0.009). Effect of flock age on chick weight and sound level was significant (P<0.001). Sound level in chickens with 26 and 86 weeks of age was 76.10 and 80.95 dB, respectively. Effects of chick paper type on leg damages, total defects in motor organs of chickens and chicken leg stuck under the box divider was significant (P<0.001). Effects of chick paper type on spraddled (sprawled) leg and redness of feet skin or toe were not significant. Keywords : Chicken box, Chick paper, One-day old chicks, Sound level, Leg damage.
Investigating the Effect of Substrate on Optical Properties of Undoped and Chlorine Doped Graphene Quantum Dots

The influence of substrate on the graphene is an important subject to study as it may alter the properties of graphene. Herein we report the effect/ involvement of substrate on optical properties of un-doped and doped GQDs. Cl doped GQDs was selected for the study wherein Cl doping was done using hydrochloric acid as Cl source. Furthermore, silicon (Si), SiC (SiC) and graphene/SiC (G/SiC) was selected as three different substrates for the study. The graphene/SiC used was grown via thermal decomposition of SiC (SiC) substrates. With the intention to observe the effect of substrate on the optical properties of GQDs, the undoped and Cl-GQDs was drop casted on each substrate. The surface morphology, thickness, structure and optical properties of GQD have been assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved PL (TRPL). The photoluminescence (PL) measurements of undoped and Cl-GQDs showed no change in emission peaks which demonstrated that substrate have no effect on luminescence of GQDs. Further on, TRPL measurements of undoped and Cl-GQDs revealed the bi-exponential behavior with no observable effect on the short and long lifetime component on each substrate Received date: 12/09/2017 Accepted date: 27/09/2017 Published date: 03/10/2017
E-Learning In Public Institutions In Kenya: Implementation Challenges

Identification of a business problem is the first step to ensuring that strategic planning and implementation is carried out effectively. In line with this observation, this study was geared towards examining the factor affecting the effectiveness of e-learning in secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study objectives included the critical examination of strategies that could be put in place to widen the base of ICT infrastructure provision; to investigate how to provide specialized training on e-learning to computer teachers in Kenya; and to critically review the current ICT policy in schools integrating teachers, students and schools. The study employed the use of mixed method research; the target population was teachers, principals and students from 15 schools, purposively sampled. From the 15 schools, 15 teachers, 15 principals and 150 students were sampled and involved in the study. The students were sampled using simple random sampling. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used for data collection. Both quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed using SPSS and data presented in tables, graphs and charts and some in prose form. Research findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between availability of ICT, teacher competencies, cost of ICT equipments, ICT support staff and ICT policy and effective e-learning in secondary schools. It was concluded that unavailability of ICT equipments, lack of competent teachers and training centers, high cost of ICT equipments, inadequate and untrained ICT support staff and weak ICT policy framework have contributed to the ineffective of e-learning in Kenya. The study recommended that there be a review of ICT policy to allow for clear strategies that have well formulated implementation guidelines and mechanisms for monitoring e-learning integration and use in the classrooms. Moreover, the government should introduce e-learning in teacher institutions and collaborate with e-learning software providers to incorporate e-learning in the current curriculum. Schools should employ an ICT technician who could make computer laboratory accessible to learners at all time, much like the school library and be able to repair and maintain the ICT infrastructure. Moreover, the government should deploy ICT support staff at least once a year in each school to ensure that the problem of availability of staff is dealt with. The school BOGs, with assistance from the government, should look for private sector partners who would be able to install Internet facilities and e-libraries for the public schools having ICT facilities to enhance and improve learners’ personal information base.
Removal of heavy metals Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) from waste waters using synthesized chromium doped nickel oxide nano particles

Adsorption of metal ions Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) are observed on chromium doped nickel nano metal oxide. Chromium doped nickel oxide was synthesized by combustion technique using glycine as a fuel. In this work, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) are applied to study the composition and structure of chromium doped nickel oxide. Batch equilibrium experiments were performed to study the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions. The effects of different parameters such as contact time, pH and adsorbent dose on the adsorption process were investigated. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms studies were also performed. The formation of hydroxide on the surface of chromium doped nickel oxide could be the main factor of cations removal due to its high adsorption affinity for aqueous solutes. Chromium doped nickel oxide may offer a potential remediation method for the removal of metals from water and environment. KEY WORDS : Adsorption isotherms, BET, Adsorption efficiency, Batch equilibrium, Adsorption kinetics Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2018 , 32(2), 225-238. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v32i2. 4
Understanding Generation Y' Perceptions and Purchase Intentions Related to Green Practice in Foodservice Operations

Purpose – The use of green practices in the foodservice industry has become an interest area in in the world of travel, tourism, and hospitality. Many foodservice operators have accepted the importance of promoting environmental awareness to create competitive advantages. The foodservice industry is one of the biggest consumers of energy. The paper aims to examine generation Y' perceptions, sustainability and purchase intentions on green practice in order to help determine strategies regarding the future management of green initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a convenience sample of consumers of the restaurant. The survey asked respondents to indicate their level of agreement to a variety of statements about the use of green practices, sustainability and purchase intentions in the foodservice industry. The survey also asked respondents to indicate their demographic profile. Respondents are generation Y who were born 1981-2000. The data were analyzed by using SPSS. Findings – The results revealed that generation Y believed that they have the knowledges about green practices and sustainability but they would still like to know more about it. They also expressed preferences related to restaurants that are environmentally friendly and use environmentally safe products. Originality/value – This study found that gender influenced generation Y’ perceptions about purchase intentions to the green restaurants.
The effects of postharvest handling and storage temperature on the quality and shelf of tomato

The experiment was conducted between August and September in 2009 at the laboratories of the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) of the University of Greenwich in the UK to assess the effects of physical impact and storage temperature on ethylene production and quality of tomatoes. A total of 72 red-ripe fruits of the ‘encore variety’ were used for the experiment. Half (36) were dropped individually from a height of 1 m to simulate rough handling while the remaining half were not dropped. The fruits were then kept in sealed glass jars (six fruits per jar) and stored in two incubators set at 12 and 20°C respectively. This was a 22 factorial in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Ethylene production, respiration, ripening and weight loss increased significantly at 20°C with means of 7.85 µl/kg/h, 13.8 mlCO2/kg-h, 16.80 and 97.08%, respectively. However, there was no significant effect of temperature on fruit firmness. Undamaged fruits were slightly firmer with an average of 51.09 while the damaged ones were fewer firms and had an average of 41.14. Key words: Ethylene, photovac explorer, tristimulus, respiration, carbon dioxide, firmness.
Performance Improvement using Pseudorandom One Time Password (OTP) in Online Voting System

In today's world of growing advanced mobile technologies, the traditional voting method can be changed to a newer and effective approach termed as mobile voting. The Mobile voting system provides a convenient, easy and efficient way to vote eliminating the shortcomings oftraditional approach. In this paper we propose to build an E-Voting system which is basically an online voting system through which people can cast their vote through their smart phones or by using an e-voting website. To achieve the required security we are using OTP (one time password)approach , which is most commonly on the web to tell the difference between a human using a web service and an automated bot thus making the website more secure against spam- bot attacks. If the results of the matching algorithm are three point match then checks whether this person own voter ID after that it will check with AADHAAR ID, If he has the right to vote then a voting form is presented to him, and the third level of authentication is carried out by using One Time Password (OTP) principle. The OTP principle emphasizes that each time the user tries to log on, the algorithm produces pseudorandom output thus improving the security. The result shows that the proposed algorithm capable of finding over 90% of the faces in database and allows their voter to vote in approximately 58 seconds. choices regarding exact issues, pieces of rule, citizen initiatives, constitutional amendments, recalls and/or to select their government and political representatives. (19) Nowadays Technology is being used more and more as a tool to contribution voters to cast their votes. To allow the use of this right, almost all voting systems around the world contain the following steps: Voter identification and authentication, voting and recording of votes cast, vote counting, publication of election results. (16) Voter identification is required during of the electoral process: 1. first for voter registration in direction to establish the right to vote and then, at voting time, to allow a citizen to use their right to vote by authenticating if the person satisfies all the requirement sneeded to vote (authentication). (14) 2. Security is important of the e-voting process. Therefore the necessity of designing a secure e- voting system is very important. Generally, mechanisms that ensure the security and privacy of an election can be time consuming, expensive for election administrators, and inconvenient for voters. (12)
Enhancing The Reliability Of Measurements And Evaluations Based On Service Quality Models

Problem statement: The application of different service quality measurements and evaluations in higher educational context and the utilization and reliability of results are examined. Research questions: What are the difficulties in the measurement and evaluation of specific service quality dimensions? How can the reliability of such service quality measurements be enhanced? Purpose of the study: This paper introduces the application and the results of a student satisfaction questionnaire based on fuzzy Likert scale used for evaluating lecturers’ performance at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Research methods: In order to capture and accurately measure the diversity, subjectivity and imprecision inherent to students’ evaluations, a methodology based on fuzzy numbers having sigmoid membership functions has been proposed. By applying the principles of Dombi’s Pliant Arithmetics, the evaluations can be aggregated and statistically analysed in a convenient way. Findings: Fuzzy-numbers based questionnaires result in a more precise reflection of human thinking and judgement. The Pliant Arithmetic-based approach allows us to aggregate the parameters of the left and right hand sides of the fuzzy number separately. This property results in a much simpler statistical analysis of the gathered data than the methods previously proposed in the literature. Conclusions: The proposed methodology can be utilized in two ways. It can either be applied to identify lecturers’ strengths and weaknesses in order to develop their teaching skills or to compare and analyse various students’ evaluations. The results can serve as a base for establishing teaching regulations and discovering best practices as well.
A multifunctional metasurface: from extraordinary optical transmission to extraordinary optical diffraction in a single structure

We show that, a metasurface composed of subwavelength metallic slit array embedded in an asymmetric environment can exhibit either extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) or extraordinary optical diffraction (EOD). By employing an analytical model expansion method and the diffraction order chart in k-vector space, we found that the resonance decaying pathway of the local slit cavity mode can be tuned to either 0th or -1st diffraction order by changing the parallel wavevector, which gives rise to enhanced 0th transmission (EOT) of the structure for small incident angles, and enhanced -1st diffraction (EOD) for large incident angles. Based on this appealing feature, a multifunctional metasurface that can switch its functionality between transmission filter, mirror and off-axis lens is demonstrated. Our findings provide a convenient way to construct multifunctional integrated optical devices on a single planar device.
THE CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL EFFECT OF SOME FLAVORING AGENTS ON A MOUSE FIBROBLAST CELL CULTURE

The study aimed to evaluate the proliferative action and cellular morphology induced by the following food flavoring agents: (±) - limonene p-methyl-1,8-diene (orange flavoring substance) and (±) -3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal (lemon flavoring substance) in cell cultures.The tests were performed on normal proliferating adherent cells from the 3T3 cell line (mouse fibroblast) grown in DMEM culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (SFB), glutamine and antibioticantimycotic (complete culture medium). Tests for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -5- (3-carboxymethoxy phenyl) -2- (4-sulfophenyl) -2 H ‐ tetrazolium (MTS) reduction were achieved after 18 hours and 24 hours of cells incubation in the presence of the testing substances. For testing, we considered a wide range of dilutions (1:2560000-1:2000) for lemon and orange flavoring substances, compared with the corresponding dilutions of ethanol (used as reference solvent). Orange flavoring substance reduced the number of metabolically active cells in culture at dilution 1/2000 compared to the decreased effect exerted by the scent of lemon. Lemon flavoring substance had a moderate cytostatic effect, but the orange one was strongly cytotoxic at the dilution of
Closing the gap School attendance and retention of Indigenous Australian students Issues Paper No 1 produced for the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse

• Engagement or participation in education is a key factor affecting the life chances of all Australians. It is particularly important for Indigenous Australians who have lower levels of educational attainment than nonIndigenous Australians. • Regular school attendance is important for achieving core skills, such as literacy and numeracy, and achieving adequate levels of education is one of the key factors that is likely to reduce Indigenous disadvantage. • A combination of home, school and individual factors are involved in students’ absence from school, although the relative importance of the various causes is contested: – parents and students tend to stress school-related factors (for example, poor teaching and failure to engage students); educators tend to stress parental attitudes and the home environment (for example, poor parental attitudes to school). • The available data on attendance and retention are limited, though there is evidence that Year 7/8 to Year 12 school retention rates for Indigenous students have improved over the last 10 years (from 35% in 1999 to 45% in 2009). • The available data also show that the gap in school attendance and retention between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students is large: – the proportion of students attending school is some 10 percentage points lower than non-Indigenous students and this gap increases as the level of schooling increases – the retention rate from Year 7/8 to Year 12 in 2009 was 45% for Indigenous students compared with 77% for non-Indigenous students. • This paper provides information on the different approaches that have been used to improve attendance and/or retention, including programs that: – directly address attendance and/or retention, for example through applying incentives or rewards for attendance or sanctions for non-attendance – indirectly address attendance and retention issues, for example through attempts to improve literacy and numeracy outcomes; improve teacher quality; develop culturally relevant curricular. • A review of the literature that evaluated which programs work to increase attendance or retention found that there were very few high-quality evaluations that had been conducted in this area. The evidence about attendance and retention strategies that work for Indigenous students is, therefore, not strong. • A common feature of successful educational programs, however, was that of a creative collaboration, which builds bridges between public agencies and the community, often by engaging parents or community-based organisations. • Although it is important to continue small, contextualised investigations of participation and engagement issues, more large-scale research is needed. • It is recommended that any new programs or strategies for improvement should build in monitoring and evaluation components. clearinghouse Closing the gap
New Exponential Stability Conditions of Switched BAM Neural Networks with Delays

The exponential stability problem is considered in this paper for discrete-time switched BAM neural networks with time delay. The average dwell time method is introduced to deal with the exponential stability analysis of the systems for the first time. By constructing a new switching-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, some new delay-dependent criteria are developed, which guarantee the exponential stability. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the potential and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
A Highly Sensitive and Rapid ELISA for the Arylurea Herbicides Diuron, Monuron, and Linuron

A highly sensitive and rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the arylurea herbicides monuron, diuron, and linuron is described. Diuron haptens with two different polymethylene handle locations were evaluated for use as immunizing and/or tracer antigens. One handle, consisting of three or five methylene groups, located at the terminal urea nitrogen distal to the aromatic ring provided the best antibodies and enzyme-labeled haptens with a variety of selectivities. The second methylene handle attachment at the internal urea nitrogen retained the basic structure of the target molecule, but was not recognized by the antibodies produced from the terminal substituted haptens, nor was it useful as an enzyme tracer. Rabbits were immunized with monuron hapten-bovine serum albumin conjugates that contained either a C3 or C5 methylene handle at the terminal nitrogen. The resulting selectivity of the antisera was not related to the immunizing antigen used. The analyses were class or compound selective for the individual herbicides depending upon the antisera used. Widely applied urea herbicides such as diuron, monuron, and linuron demonstrated 50% inhibition values at 0.4,0.5, and 0.8 pg/L and detection limits of 0.04,0.05, and 0.08 pg/L, respectively, in buffer. The test, applied to matrices such as water and orange juice, showed limited matrix effects which could be eliminated by moderate dilution of the sample. The assays were tested for tolerance to methanol, a commonly used solvent in the extraction of diuron from environmental matrices. Up to 50% methanol in the assay had no effect on assay parameters such as the 50% inhibition values. To develop a rational approach for the selection of a hapten for use as an enzyme tracer, a variety of monuron, diuron, and linuron haptens were tested for cross reactivity. Some of these same haptens were then used as hapten enzyme conjugates. In general, haptens recognized about 100 times less well than the “best” hapten were useful as enzyme tracers. In addition, we found that cross reactivity data for esters of carboxylic acid haptens may be better predictors of the binding of the carboxylic acids when conjugated as antigens or enzyme tracers.
Isolation and Characterization of Bionanofibers from Moringa Oleifera Gum as a Platform for Drug Delivery

Bionanofibers were isolated from Moringa Oleifera gum by carrying out combination of acid hydrolysis and probe sonication treatment. Acid hydrolysis of hemicelluloses was carried out to remove amorphous region. An increase in sulphuric acid concentration from 20 to 60 wt% accelerates the breakages in hemicelluloses molecules, leading to narrower, less polydisperse bionanofibers. After sonication, the fibers were cleaved into small fibers with dimensions on the nanoscale. The characterization of bionanofibers was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Particle size, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface morphology was observed by SEM which confirms presence of bionanofibers. Bionanofibers having diameter at 98 nm while length of 20 µm. The thermal analysis of Moringa oleifera gum was done by DSC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that some breakages of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and glycosidic bonds held during hydrolysis reaction of Moringa Oleifera. The isolated nanofibers can be used in novel drug delivery system as platform to load the desired drug.