Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significant Correlation between Fractional Removal Rate (K2) of Fat Emulsion and Serum Triglyceride or Apolipoprotein A-I in Subjects with ApoE Phenotype 3/3.

We evaluated the relationship between the removal rate (K2) of fat emulsion and serum lipids or apolipoproteins of apoA-I, A-II, and B to assess fat emulsion metabolism in subjects who were apoE3/3 homozygotes of wild-type apoE3. K2 of fat emulsion, Intralipid®, was determined by the intravenous fat emulsion tolerance test (FETT) in 184 subjects with apoE phenotype 3/3, including normolipidemic subjects and those with primary hyperlipidemia. Other subjects (n=47) with normolipidemia or primary hyperlipidemia were also evaluated for comparison; they consisted of individuals with apoE phenotype 3/2 and 4/3. In subjects with apoE phenotype 3/3, when a single correlation coefficient was calculated, there were significant correlations between K2 and the serum level of triglyceride (TG) (r=-0.48), total cholesterol (r=-0.15), apoB (r=-0.27), HDL cholesterol (r=0.42), and apoA-I (r=0.26). Multiple regression analysis for elimination of internal correlations revealed significant correlations between K2 and the serum level of TG (r=-0.46, p<0.001) or apoA-I (r=0.23, p<0.01: multiple correlation coefficient=0.51, p<0.001). No significant correlations between K2 and serum lipids or apolipoproteins were observed in subjects with apoE phenotypes other than 3/3. We suggest that K2 is strongly related to serum TG and apoA-I in subjects with apoE phenotype 3/3 and that this relationship is unique and specific to subjects with this phenotype.
Glycals in organic synthesis: A systematic strategy for the preparation of uncommon piperidine 1,2-dideoxy-L-azasugars and 2-deoxy-1,5-anhydro-L-hexitols

A systematic synthetic strategy has been developed for producing uncommon piperidine 1,2-dideoxy-L-azasugars. This method involves the formation of open intermediates such as 2, 7, and 10 easily by ring-opening of D-glycals with aqueous mercury(II) acetate/sodium borohydride. A concise sequence of regioselective amination and cyclization reactions then allowed us to prepare the cyclic compounds 5a and 5b, L enantiomers of naturally occurring fagomine congeners such as 3-epi-fagomine (II) and 3,4-di-epi-fagomine (III), from D-glucal and D-galactal, respectively. The unnatural 3,4-di-epi-6-deoxyfagomine 9 was obtained from L-rhamnal by the same reaction sequence. This straightforward chemistry has been shown to be useful for preparing glycosyl derivatives of 1,2-dideoxy-L-azasugars starting from glycosyl glycals such as D-lactal, D-cellobial, D-maltal, and D-melibial, thus avoiding the usually lengthy glycosylation procedures. The flexibility of our protocol has been demonstrated by the easy conversion of the above-described open intermediates into uncommon 2-deoxy-1,5-anhydro-L-hexitols, never previously described. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Body condition in Svalbard reindeer and the use of blood parameters as indicators of condition and fitness

Body condition is an important determinant of ecological fitness but is difficult to measure in field studies of live animals. Live mass and subcutaneous fat are often used as proxies for body condition and related to fitness. We investigated the relationship between blood-chemistry parameters and live mass and back-fat thickness and assessed their usefulness as predictors of ecological fitness in a wild arctic ungulate population, Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Female reindeer were sampled in late winter between 1995 and 2002 and concentrations of blood parameters were related to subsequent survival and successful calving. There was marked annual variation in all blood parameters, live mass, and back-fat thickness, reflecting variation in weather and food availability. At the individ - ual level, variation in blood-parameter concentrations was not closely related to variation in live mass or back-fat thick - ness, instead reflecting shorter term nutritional status. Blood parameters could therefore provide useful additional information, enhancing the predictive power of fitness models based on live mass. The urea:creatinine ratio signifi - cantly improved adult survival models, while β-hydroxybutyric acid and creatinine concentrations were significant pre - dictors of calving success. The applications for blood parameters in ecological investigations look promising and should be tested more widely in other field studies. Resume : La condition physique est un important facteur determinant du fitness ecologique, mais elle est difficile a evaluer en nature chez des animaux vivants. La masse vive et la graisse sous-cutanee dorsale servent souvent de mesu- res de remplacement et elles sont alors mises en relation avec le fitness. Nous avons determine la relation entre les pa- rametres chimiques du sang, d'une part, et la masse vive et la graisse sous-cutanee dorsale, d'autre part, et evalue leur utilite comme variables predictives du fitness ecologique chez une population sauvage d'ongules de l'Arctique, les ren- nes de Svalbard (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus ). Des prelevement effectues chez les femelles en fin d'hiver de 1995 a 2002 ont permis de relier les concentrations des parametres sanguins a la survie subsequente et au succes de la mise
Meiotic Anomalies in Hybrids between Wheat and Apomictic Elymus rectisetus (Nees in Lehm.) A. Löve & Connor

Four B III hybrids (2n = 9x = 63, ABDStStYYWW) were obtained between wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and a diplosporic and 2n-pollen-producing Elymus rectisetus (2n = 6x = 42, StStYYWW) accession. We determined whether apomeiosis and 2n pollen formation, which occur in the male parent, also occur in the B III hybrids. Pistils were cleared for UV microscopy of callose and recleared for cytological observations using interference contrast microscopy. Callose fluorescence from most megaspore mother cells (MMCs) was typical of sexual species. These were classified as sexual. Abnormally elongated MMCs with walls devoid of callose were observed in 4.7% of pistils collected at meiotic prophase. These traits are typical of many apomeiotic MMCs in E. rectisetus. Asynapsis followed by mitosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs) consistently preceded unreduced pollen formation in E. rectisetus. This was not observed in the B III hybrids, though the following meiotic anomalies were observed : (i) asynapsis, aggregation of chromosomes to several poles, and multiple divisions to form four to eight unbalanced microspores, and (ii) incomplete synapsis, formation of anaphase I laggards, and a second division resulting in four unbalanced microspores with micronuclei. The wheat haplome enforced PMC meiotic pairing (albeit abnormal) among homologous E. rectisetus chromosomes and generally inhibited apomeiosis, also by enforcing meiosis. Diplospory may be caused by the expression of embryo sac signals from one genome precociously expressed with megasporogenesis signals from another. If this is correct, the successful induction of apomixis in wheat may require the transfer of alien gene cassettes that confer appropriate degrees of reproductive asynchrony.
Seed Priming Enhances the Performance of Late Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Improving Chilling Tolerance

In rice-wheat systems, late sowing of wheat is the major reason of low yield. This yield reduction is principally due to lower and erratic germination, and poor crop establishment because of low temperature prevailing. The present study was conducted to explore the possibility of improving late sown wheat performance by seed priming techniques. Seed priming strategies were: on-farm seed priming, hydropriming for 24 h, seed hardening for 12 h and osmohardening with KCl or CaCl 2 for 12 h. Seed priming improved emergence, stand establishment, tiller numbers, allometry, grain and straw yield, and harvest index. However, seed priming techniques did not affect plant height, number of spikelets, number of grains and 1000 grain weight. Osmohardening with CaCl 2 gave more grain and straw yield and harvest index compared with control and other priming treatments, followed by osmohardening with KCl and on-farm seed priming. Improved yield was attributed principally to better stand establishment and improved number of fertile tillers. Seed priming techniques can be effectively used to improve the performance of late sown wheat.
Reproductive biology of the intertidal spider Desis marina (Araneae: Desidae) on a New Zealand rocky shore

Desis marina is an intertidal spider which lives within rock crevices and cavities in the holdfasts of the brown kelp Durvillaea antarctica, where it is submerged in the sea for long periods. Spiders live within silk-lined retreats which enclose an air bubble, and mate location is restricted to periods when the nest is exposed to the air. Eggs are laid from September to January and emergence is complete by May, with the major recruitment period being from March to April. During June to August, females are reproductively inactive. Egg development requires two months and the first two instars remain in the nest for a further two months. Number of egg sacs laid is independent of female size but number of eggs per sac increases with size. Egg size and number of eggs per sac is independent of brood sequence. Female reproductive investment is only 17–6% of body weight, but with 3 to 4 egg sacs/female, nest-guarding time is in excess of five months. Females reproduce only once per year and may reproduce again in the following summer. Desis marina has a much lower clutch size than comparable terrestrial spiders and is a ‘bet-hedger’, producing sequential broods which spread recruitment over time and reduce the risk of total loss due to storms.
αvβ6 Integrin-A Marker for the Malignant Potential of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The mechanism(s) responsible for the progression of non-metastatic or borderline ovarian cancer to invasive Grade I/III ovarian cancer is still unknown. An epithelium-restricted integrin, αvβ6, is present in malignant epithelia but not in normal epithelia. We studied the relative expression and distribution of αvβ6 integrin in early and late-stage invasive (Grade I and Grade III) and non-invasive (benign and borderline) ovarian tumors of serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear-cell carcinoma subtypes, to assess its potential as a marker for epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Sixty-six specimens, including eight normal, 13 benign, 14 borderline, 13 Grade I, and 18 Grade III tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against αvβ6 integrin. Normal ovarian surface epithelium was negative for αvβ6 integrin expression. All 45 carcinomas studied were positive, and the staining intensity significantly correlated with the grade of the tumor. The Grade III carcinomas of all types showed strong staining intensity. Only mucinous benign tissues were positive, and no reactivity was observed in benign serous neoplasms. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that the expression of αvβ6 integrin is associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and that a gradual increase in the expression of the molecule may be a correlative index of the progression of this disease.
Isolation and identification of Vibrio campbellii as a bacterial pathogen for luminous vibriosis of Litopenaeus vannamei

Outbreak of luminescent disease was reported from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farms in Zhangpu County, Southern China during May–July 2011. The clinical signs included fluorescent, less food consumption and high mortality. Bacteria were isolated from the infected shrimps. The pathogen, a luminescent bacterium named VH1 was identified as Vibrio campbellii based on MLSA analysis (16S rDNA, rpoD and toxR). The haemolysin (hly) gene specific in V. campbellii was detected in strain VH1. Pathogenicity test using immersion infection confirmed that strain VH1 was virulent to L. vannamei postlarvae and juveniles, and the LC50 value was 1.55 9 10 6 CFU mL 1 and 1.7 9 10 6 CFU mL 1 respectively.
Dynamic simulation of forest fires

In this article we present the results of a simplified dynamic model for forest fires. We consider isotropic situations with different ignition mechanisms and different types of trees, models of crown and surface fires, and anisotropic cases that account for the influence of wind. We calculate the probabilities for a fire to become critical and characterize the temporal evolution and the spatial extent of the fire.
Controlled release antifouling coatings. II. The effects of controlled release of 2,4‐dinitrophenolate and benzoate on marine biofilm development and metabolic activity

The effects of controlled release of two inhibitors (2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) or benzoic acid) from simple vinyl copolymer films on biofilm formation and activity were evaluated using a consortium of marine bacteria in a challenge assay. DNP is an uncoupler of membrane proton gradients. Benzoic acid is a repellant. The batch assays were conduced in vitro. Acriflavine direct cell counts (AFDC), iodonitrophenol (INT) tetrazolium dye reduction activity, presence of division septa, and biofilm DNA were used as response variables. DNP release at high release rates (15 to 70 μg·cm−2d−1) was inhibitory to cell attachment and activity. DNP release at low release rates (0·5 to 40 μg·cm−2 ·d−1) was inhibitory to biofilm activity. Benzoate release inhibited biofilm activity at high release rates (10 to 60 μg cm−2·d−1) and stimulated activity at low release rates (0·5 to 20 μg·cm−2·d−1). INT reduction, presence of division septa, and biofilm DNA content were more sensitive response variables than AFDC in assessing cau.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF IPOEMA BILOBA

Biomolecules can be oxidized by free radicals. This oxidative damage has an important etiological role in aging and the development of diseases like cancer, atherosclerosis, and other inflammatory disorders. Synthetic antioxidants, like butylated hydroxyanisole, are good free radical scavengers; however, the synthetic antioxidants can be carcinogenic. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in searching for antioxidants of natural origin. Antioxidants with different chemical properties may recharge each other in an antioxidant network. The total antioxidant content of dietary plants may therefore be a useful tool for testing the 'antioxidant network' hypothesis. Several berries, fruits, nuts, seeds, vegetables, drinks and spices have been found to be high in total antioxidants. Initial studies in animals and humans are supportive as to the beneficial effects of dietary plants rich in total antioxidants. Additionally, antioxidants and other plant compounds may also improve the endogenous antioxidant defense through induction of antioxidant and phase 2 enzymes.1,2 Dietary plants rich in such compounds include broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, kale, cauliflower, carrots, onions, tomatoes, spinach and garlic , antioxidants and other plant compounds may also improve the endogenous antioxidant defense through induction of antioxidant and phase 2 enzymes.
Systematic Review of Glass Ceiling Effect in Academia: The Case of Turkey

Kadinlar is hayatinda aktif olarak rol almaya basladikca, kadinlarin orgutsel yasamda yasadigi sorunlar arastirmacilarin dikkatini cekmeye basladi. Son yillarda populer olan cam tavan etkisi kavrami bircok alanin calisma konusu haline gelmistir. Bu calisma Turkiye'de Ocak 2000 - Mayis 2019 tarihleri ​​arasinda akademide calisan kadinlarin cam tavan etkisi algilarina iliskin yayinlari incelemek ve calismalardan elde edilen verileri sistematik olarak incelemek amaciyla yurutulmustur. Toplam 168 yayina ulasilmis ve bunlardan 3 tanesi calisma kriterlerine gore calisma kapsaminda degerlendirmeye alinmistir. Sonuc olarak cam tavan etkisi algisini etkileyen degiskenlere, calismalarda kullanilan degerlendirme araclarina ve akademide cam tavanlarin kirilmasini oneren cozumlere odaklanan bulgular elde edilmistir. Genel olarak akademide cam tavan etkisi algisi olarak cok az bilinmektedir. Temel bulgular, cam tavan etkisi algisina bagli temel faktorlerin, kadinlarin aile ve is yasamindaki gorevlerinin, orgut politikalarinin, guc mesafesinin ve hiyerarsideki kadinlarin yukselisini engelleyen orgutsel faktorlerin etkili oldugunu gostermistir. Ilgili calismalarin sistematik olarak gozden gecirilmesi sorunun onemi hakkinda bilimsel kanitlar ortaya koymaktadir. Akademi, kadinlarin yogun olarak calistigi bir alan oldugu icin akademide calisan kadinlarin cam tavan etkisi algisi derinlemesine incelenmelidir.
Biomass removal by dolphins and fisheries in a Mediterranean Sea coastal area: do dolphins have an ecological impact on fisheries?

1. Dolphins are often claimed to compete with fisheries, including through removal of substantial biomass. To calculate the biomass removed by fisheries and the degree of resource overlap with dolphins in a coastal area of Greece, estimates of dolphin abundance based on photographic capture–recapture were combined with an assessment of fishing effort and catch. 2. The estimated total biomass consumed annually by local dolphin populations – 15 short-beaked common dolphins and 42 common bottlenose dolphins – was 15.5 and 89.8 tonnes, respectively. The total biomass removed by the local fishing fleet (307 fishing boats) was 3469.2 tonnes, i.e. about 33 times greater than that removed by dolphins. 3. Dolphins removed 2.9% of the total biomass, fisheries 97.1%. Nine purse seiners (representing only 3% of the active fishing fleet) were responsible for 31.9% of biomass removal. Similarity of biomass composition between dolphins and fisheries was expressed by a Pianka index of 0.46 for common dolphins and 0.66 for bottlenose dolphins. 4. Overlap differed according to fishing gear. Common dolphin overlap was higher with purse seiners (0.82), and lower with beach seiners (0.31), bottom trawlers (0.11) and trammel boats (0.06). There was virtually no overlap with longliners (0.02). Bottlenose dolphin overlap was higher with trammel boats (0.89) and bottom trawlers (0.75), and lower with longliners (0.38), purse seiners (0.24) and beach seiners (0.18). There was minimal overlap (0.12) between the two dolphin species. 5. This study suggests that ecological interactions between dolphins and fisheries in this coastal area have minor effects on fisheries. Conversely, prey depletion resulting from overfishing can negatively affect dolphins. Fisheries management measures consistent with national and EU legislation are proposed to ensure sustainability and to protect marine biodiversity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α-Mercaptoketone Formation during the Maillard Reaction of Cysteine and [1-13C]Ribose

The volatiles formed from [1-(13)C]-ribose and cysteine during 4 h at 95 degrees C in aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 5) were analyzed by headspace SPME in combination with GC-MS. The extent and position of the labeling were determined using MS data. The identified volatiles comprised sulfur compounds such as 2-[(13)C]methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-[(13)CH(2)]furfurylthiol, [1-(13)C]-3-mercaptopentan-2-one, [1-(13)C]-3-mercaptobutan-2-one, [4-(13)C]-3-mercaptobutan-2-one, and 3-mercaptobutan-2-one. The results confirm furan-2-carbaldehyde as an intermediate of 2-furfurylthiol, as well as 1,4-dideoxypento-2,3-diulose as an intermediate of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and 3-mercaptopentan-2-one. Loss of the C-1 and C-5 carbon moieties during the formation of 3-mercaptobutan-2-one suggests two different mechanisms leading to the key intermediate butane-2,3-dione.
Pheromones of Male Stink Bugs and Their Attractiveness to Their Parasitoids

It has been reported that male adults attract conspecific individuals in some species of true bugs (Heteroptera). Chemical stimuli play an important role in these attractions. Male adults attract adults of both sexes and nymphs, so the chemical stimuli are considered as “aggregation pheromones. ” Some aggregation pheromones in these bugs have been identified and synthesized, but their functions have not been fully determined. It is necessary to clarify the functional significance of aggregation pheromones in order to utilize them for the control of pest bugs. The aggregation pheromones of some bug species also attract the bug's natural enemies, parasitic flies, egg parasitoids, and so on. Female parasitoids utilize the host pheromone as a kairomone to locate their hosts. Males of the bean bug Riptortus clavatus, an economically important soybean pest, emit an aggregation pheromone that attracts adults of both sexes and nymphs. The aggregation pheromone of R. clavatus consists of three components: (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate (E2HZ3H), and tetradecyl isobutyrate. One of the three components alone, E2HZ3H, attracted females of the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus nezarae, which is a predominant natural enemy of R. clavatus. E2HZ3H, however, did not attract R. clavatus. In an E2HZ3H-treated field, the parasitoids immigrated into the field earlier than the invasion of R. clavatus, and remained at higher densities than in an untreated field. E2HZ3H did not increase the density of the pest host bug. According to the data obtained from the eggs of the bugs artificially set on soybean plants, the E2HZ3H field application resulted in higher parasitism by the parasitoids as compared with the untreated field when the parasitoid density was high in autumn.
Zoosporic true fungi in marine ecosystems: a review

Although many species of zoosporic true fungi have been frequently observed and studied in freshwater and soil ecosystems, only three species have been properly identified and partially characterised from brackish and marine ecosystems, namely Rhizophydium littoreum Amon, Thalassochytrium gracilariopsis Nyvall, Pedersen et Longcore and Chytridium polysiphoniae Cohn. These species are either facultative or obligate parasites of marine macroalgae and invertebrates. Also, some species of Olpidium and Rhizophydium are parasites of small marine green algae and diatoms. Although the physiological effects of these pathogens on the growth and metabolism of their hosts are poorly understood, parasitism by C. polysiphoniae possibly affects the rates of photosynthesis and patterns of growth in infected communities of brown algae. Saprobic ecotypes of R. littoreum can also colonise dead-plant and animal substrates. Zoospores from zoosporic true fungi and other groups of microbes possibly provide important food resources for grazing and filter-feeding zooplankton and metazoans in marine ecosystems where the prevalence of disease is high or where accumulated detritus enhances biodiversity in food webs. However, quantitative studies have not yet been attempted. Recently, environmental sampling with molecular techniques has revealed unknown clades of zoosporic true fungi in extreme marine ecosystems. These fungi have been grossly under-sampled and under-studied in marine environments.
Photoperiodic adaptation of Xanthium strumarium in Europe, Asia Minor, and northern Africa

The range of photoperiodic adaptation among populations of Xanthium strumarium L. in Europe, Asia Minor, and northern Africa is nearly as broad as among populations in North America. Photoperiodic diversity within the indigenous morphological complex, strumarium, is relatively restricted, including night requirements primarily less than 8 h. American introductions include plants with reproductive requirements ranging from 7.5-h nights in northern populations to 10.5–11-h nights in southern populations. Populations in northern Europe in indigenous strumarium and introduced complexes, echinatum and italicum, show a photoperiodic response thinly separated from day neutrality. Southern European populations show reproductive diversity among introduced plants and include sympatric occurrences of three morphological complexes, cavanillesii of South America, chinense of North America, and orientale possibly of North America. The chinense introductions to northern Africa (Morocco, Egypt) are similar to those of Sp.