Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding ecology of Ozotoceros bezoarticus: conservation implicationsin Uruguay

The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758) was in the recent past one of the most characteristic species in the Uruguayan grasslands. However, today the species is very rare, with small relict populations inhabiting in few ranches. To improve our understanding of pampas deer habitat use in modified ecosystems and propose management guidelines we analyzed the pampas deer feeding ecology at Los Ajos ranch. We performed an annual vegetation survey with the purpose to identify the main components of pampas's deer diet and the spatial overlap with livestock. Vegetation offer was characterized by predominance of monocotyledon plants; in three of the four sample periods. The preference values for the crops were positive for ryegrass in winter (0.24) and spring (0.54), the moments of greatest productivity of this pasture; while the rice crops values were negative all year round. The spatial overlap indexes with sheep show a complete exclusion, whereas with cattle the indexes gave values of 0.95 in spring to 0.14 in summer. The niche amplitude was significantly correlated with the spatial overlap levels with cattle. Pampas deer foraging behaviour is opportunistic, typical of mixed feeders. Conservation efforts should focus on implementation of management guidelines of agriculture and cattle breeding activities.
Modeling and Simulative Performance Analysis of OADM for Hybrid Multiplexed Optical-OFDM System

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrated the transmission performance through simulation for Integrated Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing and Optical-OFDM system with OADM including the fiber nonlinearity effect. The effects on transmitted channels, fiber link length, operating optical signal wavelength, optical transmitted signal power, optical signal bandwidth, transmission bit rate, optical received power and bit error rate at the receiving side are observed.
Roof rat invasion of an urban desert island

Roof rats have invaded the Phoenix metropolitan area. Although the desert surrounding Phoenix is formidacie to roof rats, residential and urban development has probably sufficiently altered habitat to render it suitable for roof rats. Ongoing community and government campaigns are reducing the resources necessary for rat survival and are working to suppress rat populations. Whether these efforts will be adequate to eradicate roof rats from the area is unknown. Rat activity has declined over the …
A BRIEF HISTORY OF KARST HYDROGEOLOGY: CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE NSS

The hydrology of karst aquifers has been of interest since early historic times with caves serving as water-carrying pathways. The modern period of karst hydrology can be said to have begun roughly in the 1960s with the work of the International Hydrologic Decade and with the recognition of the relationship of cave exploration to groundwater basins. A theme for the 40 year period between the 25 th anniversary of the NSS and the present is the gradual melding of traditional hydrogeology, which does not work well in karst, and the contributions of cave explorers who have provided tremendous detail about the conduit systems in aquifers. Important progress has been made in techniques for water tracing in karst areas and in systematic mapping of karst groundwater basins. Qualitative studies have largely been replaced by quantitative measurements of spring flow and water chemistry. The current research front deals with the construction of flow models for karst aquifers.
Variational construction of connecting orbits

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Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Karacaali (Kirikkale) Hydrothermal Iron Mineralization, Turkey

Karacaali iron mineralization located about 5 kms north of the city of Kirikkale, is mostly occurring as veins and to a lesser degree as impregnations within fractures and joints in rocks such as diabase, basalt and micro-gabbros. Furthermore, in one location it has been observed as magmatic brecciation. These host rocks to mineralization are affected by hydrothermal alterations. Mineral paragenesis consists mostly of magnetite and pyrite as major constituents as well as lesser amounts of hematite, musketofit, chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrrhotite, fahlore (tetrahedrite-tennantite), marcasite, covellite, goethite, chromite and thuringite. Diagrams showing the distribution of major, trace and also REE in the studied samples, indicated possible hydrothermal origin of mineralization. As a conclusion, the mode of deposition (as veins), wall- rock alterations, mineral paragenesis and the geochemical characteristics of major, trace and REE shows hydrothermal type of mineralization.
Microcapsules and Transdermal Patch: A Parallel Access for Improved Delivery of Antidiabetic Drug

Aim: Microcapsules and transdermal patch: A parallel access for improved delivery of antidiabetic drug. Materials and Methods: Different formulations were formulated employing sodium alginate (SA) alone or in combination with various coating polymers. Alginate coated microcapsules of gliclazide were prepared by dispersing the drug (15 mg) into aqueous solutions of SA under constant stirring. Preparation of transdermal patches (TDP): Glibenclamide (GL)-loaded TDP formulations were prepared by solvent casting method with slight modification. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was dissolved in a mixture of acetone/isopropyl alcohol/ethanol (50:30:20) with continuous stirring in a closed system at 25°C. Evaluation of the prepared microcapsules: Microscopical examination and particle size measurement of gliclazide microcapsules were done using an optical microscope. The prepared microcapsules were mounted in few drops of distilled water and examined under an optical microscope. Evaluation of TDP: Several steps such as moisture intake, moisture uptake, and weight variation are used for evaluation method. Conclusion: From the comparative study, it was concluded that the transdermal system of GL produced better improvement compared to oral microcapsule administration.
Bacterial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons; a comparative genomics study of the genes involved in the catabolic pathways of naphthalene

in English, 250 words or less): Aromatic compounds are among the most prevalent and persistent pollutants in the environment. Petroleum-contaminated soil and sediment commonly contain a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatics. In recent years there has been a quantum leap in the information published about the catabolism of natural xenobiotic aromatic compounds by bacteria. At present the most detailed studies have been carried out on relatively few metabolic pathways, in a rather limited range of bacteria, mostly of the genus Pseudomonas, but there is no study available regarding the comparative genomics of these bacteria. Here we propose a comparative genetics study of the genes involved in the catabolic pathway of naphthalene, using the naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase system ferredoxin-NAD(P) reductase enzyme (NahAa, Acc. Number: AAS79488.1) from Pseudomonas putida as a phylogenetic marker. By that way we intent to identify the homologous proteins present in the NCBI databases and through the proteins make conclusions about possible groups of the catabolic pathways of naphthalene and their operon structure. Results of this study indicate that bacteria mainly degrade naphthalene through either the “classic” nah pathway described for Pseudomonas genus or the alternative gentisate-salicylate pathway.
COMBINATION OF CONDITIONAL LOG-LINEAR STRUCTURES

There has been increasing attention to the fine structure of abilities underlying task performance (Haertel and Wiley (in press)). One of the useful approaches for this is by use of graphical models to represent relationships among abilities and test items. Building a large graphical model is always an issue. Restrictions upon experiments and data collection, among others, may result in parts of the large model. Or it may be convenient for us to build parts of the large models first, and then try to combine those parts into a larger model. This paper derives, confined to categorical variables only, a theory which may be useful in combining conditional graphical models into a larger one. The main result of the paper is that we can see partial information about a true log-linear structure (LLS) from its conditional LLSs and use the information in trying to guess the true LLS, assuming that the true LLS is graphical. An application of the result is illustrated using a simulated data set.
Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates

Theoretically, N losses are reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. We investigated the impacts of supplemental, late-season N applications on nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE), and N accumulation and partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) at silking (R1) and physiological maturity (R6). Also tested was whether modern hybrids responded differently to split-N applications compared to hybrids released 20 yr ago. We compared 3 to 4 N rates ranging from 0 to 245 kg N ha–¹ applied either in a single application at V3, or split with the last 45 kg N ha–¹ delayed until V12, over 3 yr. Two newer hybrids (2012 and 2014) and two 1990 era hybrids (1991 and 1995) were compared at all N treatment combinations. Additional plant N accumulation following late-split N applications was already apparent at R1, particularly in stems. Late-split N application increased both whole-plant R6 N accumulation and NRE through higher post-silking N uptake. However, these benefits were rarely accompanied by increased grain yields. We found little evidence of differential hybrid responses to N rate or timing treatments. Principal component analysis revealed that the most consistent predictor of high post-silking N uptake was lower N remobilization during grain-fill; these had a strong inverse relationship. Therefore, gains from N management programs aiming to increase post-silking N uptake are most likely in environments where whole-plant N accumulation at R1 (and, consequently, potential N remobilization) is reduced. Further studies of late-split N approaches are most warranted at lower total-season N rates.
Pattern of Accidents in Children Less than 14 Years in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Objective: To determine the relative frequency and pattern of injuries in children less than 15 years of age in Abha city. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all children aged 14 years and below seen with accidental injuries in an Emergency Department (ED) over period of 6 months from 1st February 2017 and reviewed their records. Patterns of injury among all children care giver, gender, cause, type of accident, admission and complications were analyzed. Result: Total 285 cases were analyzed with 170 males (59.6%) and 115 females (40.35%). Among them, 277 were Saudi and 8 were non-Saudi, 170 patients were 5 years, reviewing the care giver 94% were the mother. The causes were foreign body (93 patient with foreign body aspiration, ingestion, ear, nose, and foot), falls (74 patients), burns (73 patients), road traffic accident (38 patients) and others (7 patients). Total 144 patients were discharged from Emergency Room (ER) (50.5%), whereas 119 patients stayed for 1 to 5 days, 13 patients stayed for 6-13 days and 13 patients stayed for 14-30 days. Around 33 patients were admitted to ICU with duration ranging from 1-20 days. Fortunately, no deaths but there were complications involving unilateral hearing loss (4 patients), unilateral visual loss (10 patients) due to blunt trauma to the eye and limping (1 patient). Upon discharge 5 patients had chronic disability (1 patients) with unilateral hearing loss, (2 patients) unilateral visual loss and (2 patients) with limping. Conclusion: Childhood accidents should be emphasized by the public and health care provider in given educational programs about the causes and prevention.
Financial Reporting by Small Companies in the UK: The Demand for Abbreviated Accounts

The way in which little GAAP has emerged in the UK suggests that policy makers have taken an arbitrary and piecemeal approach to reform, and this is reflected in the number of changes to disclosure requirements and the frequency with which qualifying size thresholds are revised. This seems surprising, since the accounting profession has spent almost a decade in developing a conceptual framework for financial reporting. The government‟s rationale for regulatory relaxation for smaller entities is based on reducing the cost burden, rather than any theoretical considerations. Moreover, reforms are being made without evidence of the needs of the directors of small companies, who are the main users of the accounts. The aim of the study is to provide generalisable evidence of the utility of the statutory financial statements of small companies to the directors. It took the form of a postal questionnaire survey of the directors of a tranche of 385 companies meeting the 1999 EC size criteria for a small company. These are the companies that are most likely to be affected by proposals to lift the UK size thresholds that qualify companies to apply little GAAP. This paper focuses on the factors that influence the filing choices of the directors of these small companies and the demand for abbreviated accounts. The results show that the majority of directors chose to file full accounts in the year preceding the survey. Whether full or abbreviated accounts were filed, the accountant‟s advice plays a key role. A range of reasons for the filing choice made are revealed and a logistic regression model provides evidence that the abbreviated accounts are likely to be the choice of directors of smaller companies, as measured by turnover, who consider there are cost benefits to the business from this choice. The average turnover of such companies is £0.9m. These results should be of interest to policy makers involved in reforming little GAAP in the UK, as well as those concerned with international harmonisation of financial reporting by small companies.
Plantaris muscle adaptation to atrophy generated by disuse: an ultrastructural study

Muscle atrophy is a mechanism which induces muscle mass loss, through an increased protein degradation and a decreased synthesis. This alteration compromises the muscle contractile capacity and is implied in numerous physiological and pathological conditions (e.g. denervation, aging, bed rest, dystrophies and myopathies). The aim of this work is to analyze the ultrastructural changes generated by disuse on rat plantaris muscle, mainly composed by fast fibers. Eight animals were equally assigned to control and unloaded group, and the treated rats were tail-suspended for 10 days. After suspension, the animals of both groups were euthanized and the hind-limb muscles were processed for electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy observations show morphological modifications in the unloaded group respect to the control group, such as sarcomere disorganization, continuity lack among myofilaments and Z-line thickening. In the fiber cytosol, swollen mitochondria and dilated triads can be observed, as well as a growing amount of glycogen, which suggests a possible fiber shift. Therefore our findings reveal macroscopic and microscopic modifications induced by disuse, which concern both contractile and energetic system.
Volatile Composition and Enantioselective Analysis of Chiral Terpenoids of Nine Fruit and Vegetable Fibres Resulting from Juice Industry By-Products

Fruit and vegetable fibres resulting as by-products of the fruit juice industry have won popularity because they can be valorised as food ingredients. In this regard, bioactive compounds have already been studied but little attention has been paid to their remaining volatiles. Considering all the samples, 57 volatiles were identified. Composition greatly differed between citrus and noncitrus fibres. The former presented over 90% of terpenoids, with limonene being the most abundant and ranging from 52.7% in lemon to 94.0% in tangerine flesh. Noncitrus fibres showed more variable compositions, with the predominant classes being aldehydes in apple (57.5%) and peach (69.7%), esters (54.0%) in pear, and terpenoids (35.3%) in carrot fibres. In addition, enantioselective analysis of some of the chiral terpenoids present in the fibre revealed that the enantiomeric ratio for selected compounds was similar to the corresponding volatile composition of raw fruits and vegetables and some derivatives, with the exception of terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol, which showed variation, probably due to the drying process. The processing to which fruit residues were submitted produced fibres with low volatile content for noncitrus products. Otherwise, citrus fibres analysed still presented a high volatile composition when compared with noncitrus ones.
InVivoReal-Time Imagingof TGF-b-Induced TranscriptionalActivationof theRANKLigandGene Promoter in Intraosseous ProstateCancer

Jian Zhang, Yi Lu, Jinlu Dai, Zhi Yao, Riko Kitazawa, Sohei Kitazawa, Xinping Zhao, Daniel E. Hall, Kenneth J. Pienta, and Evan T. Keller* Departmentof PathologyandUnit for Laboratory AnimalMedicine, SchoolofMedicine, UniversityofMichigan, AnnArbor,Michigan Departmentof Immunology,TianjinMedical University,Tianjin,China DivisionofMolecular Pathology,KobeUniversity,Kobe, Japan DepartmentofNeurology, SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMichigan, AnnArbor,Michigan Center forMolecular Imaging, SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMichigan, AnnArbor,Michigan DepartmentofMedicineandUrology, SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMichigan, AnnArbor,Michigan
Particle acceleration at ultra-relativistic shocks - Gamma-ray burst afterglow spectra and UHECRs

We consider particle acceleration of the Fermi type at the ultra-relativistic shock bounding an expanding relativistic fireball. We distinguish between the initial shock crossing cycle, in which particles can gain a large factor in energy, and subsequent crossing cycles, where the energy typically only doubles. We show that repeated shock crossings yield a power-law spectrum of accelerated particles with index , compatible with afterglow observations. We suggest that ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) might be produced by the initial boost in a relativistic fireball expanding into a pulsar wind bubble created by the progenitor system.
Unsold Versus Unbought Commitment: Minimum Total Commitment Contracts with Nonzero Setup Costs

We study a minimum total commitment (MTC) contract embedded in a finite-horizon periodic-review inventory system. Under this contract, the buyer commits to purchase a minimum quantity of a single product from the supplier over the entire planning horizon. We consider nonstationary demand and per-unit cost, discount factor, and nonzero setup cost. Because the formulations used in existing literature are unable to handle our setting, we develop a new formulation based on a state transformation technique using unsold commitment instead of unbought commitment as state variable. We first revisit the zero setup cost case and show that the optimal ordering policy is an unsold-commitment-dependent base-stock policy. We also provide a simpler proof of the optimality of the dual base-stock policy. We then study the nonzero setup cost case and prove a new result, that the optimal solution is an unsold-commitment-dependent (s, S) policy. We further propose two heuristic policies, which numerical tests show to perform very well. We also discuss two extensions to show the generality of our method's effectiveness. Finally, we use our results to examine the effect of different contract terms such as duration, lead time, and commitment on buyer's cost. We also compare total supply chain profits under periodic commitment, MTC, and no commitment
SOA formation from the atmospheric oxidation of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and its implications for PM 2.5

Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated by irradiating 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) in the presence and/or absence of NO x , H 2 O 2 , and/or SO 2 was examined. Experiments were conducted in smog chambers operated in either dynamic or static mode. A filter/denuder sampling system was used for simultaneously collecting gas- and particle-phase products. The structural characterization of gas and particulate products was investigated using BSTFA, BSTFA + PFBHA, and DNPH derivatization techniques followed by GC-MS and liquid chromatography analysis. This analysis showed the occurrence of more than 68 oxygenated organic compounds in the gas and particle phases, 28 of which were tentatively identified. The major components observed include 2,3-dihydroxyisopentanol (DHIP), 2-hydroxy-2-oxoisopentanol, 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanal, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylsuccinic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanedioic acid, acetone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, and formaldehyde. Most of these oxygenated compounds were detected for the first time in this study. While measurements of the gas-phase photooxidation products have been made, the focus of this work has been an examination of the particle phase. SOA from some experiments was analyzed for the organic mass to organic carbon ratio (OM/OC), the effective enthalpy of vaporization (ΔH vap eff ), and the aerosol yield. Additionally, aerosol size, volume, and number concentrations were measured by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer coupled to a Condensation Particle Counter system. The OM/OC ratio was 2.1 in the MBO/H 2 O 2 system. The ΔH vap eff was 41 kJ mol −1 , a value similar to that of isoprene SOA. The laboratory SOA yield measured in this study was 0.7% in MBO/H 2 O 2 for an aerosol mass of 33 μg m −3 . Secondary organic aerosol was found to be negligible under conditions with oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) present. Time profiles and proposed reaction schemes are provided for selected compounds. The contribution of SOA products from MBO oxidation to ambient PM 2.5 was investigated by analyzing a series of ambient PM 2.5 samples collected in several places around the United States. In addition to the occurrence of several organic compounds in both field and laboratory samples, DHIP was found to originate only from the oxidation of MBO, and therefore this compound could potentially serve as a tracer for MBO SOA. Initial attempts have been made to quantify the concentrations of DHIP and other compounds based on surrogate compound calibrations. The average concentrations of DHIP in ambient PM 2.5 samples from Duke Forest in North Carolina ranged from zero during cold seasons to approximately 1 ng m −3 during warm seasons. This appears to be the first time that DHIP has been detected in ambient PM 2.5 samples. The occurrence of several other compounds in both laboratory and field samples suggests that SOA originating from MBO can contribute under selected ambient conditions to the ambient aerosol mainly in areas where MBO emissions are high.