Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral analysis of omnidirectional color signals in natural scenes

We describe an analysis method of the omnidirectional color signals in natural scenes. A multiband imaging system with six spectral channels is used for capturing high resolution images in the omnidirectional observations at three locations on campus. The spectral distributions of color signals are recovered using the Wiener estimator from the captured six-band images. The spectral compositions of omnidirectional color signals are investigated based on the PCA of each set of color signals acquired at three locations in different seasons and different times of the day. Three principal components are extracted from three sets of omnidirectional images observed in three different locations. The respective three principal component curves are invariant under seasonal and temporal changes. Moreover, we determine the unified principal components of color signals across all locations. High data compression of omnidirectional images can be achieved. The reliability of the proposed analysis method is confirmed using various experimental data.
In-Phase Power-Combined Frequency Triplers at 300 GHz

We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of a 300 GHz Schottky-diode frequency tripler made of two mirror-image integrated circuits that are power-combined in-phase in a single waveguide block using compact Y-junctions at the input and output waveguides. Each chip features six anodes on a 5 thick GaAs membrane. The tripler has 5-15% conversion efficiency measured across the 265-330 GHz band when driven with 50-250 mW of input power at room temperature. At 318 GHz it delivers a peak power of 26 mW with 11% conversion efficiency. The power-combined frequency multiplier is compared with a single-chip tripler designed for the same band using the same integrated circuit.
RAPAMYCIN, A POTENT IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUG, CAUSES PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN B LYMPHOMA CELLS

Rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressive drug that prevents rejection of organ transplants in many animals, caused profound growth inhibition in an immature B cell lymphoma, BKS-2, at very low concentrations (2 ng/ml). Similar growth inhibition was also observed in a series of B cell lymphomas (i.e., L1.2, NFS.1.1, and WEHI-279) as well as in thymoma cells. The cell death induced by rapamycin in BKS-2 lymphoma was found to be via programmed cell death, or apoptosis. In contrast to rapamycin, neither FK506 nor CsA affected the normal growth of these cells. FK506, but not CsA antagonized the effect of rapamycin and rescued the BKS-2 cells from undergoing apoptosis. Further, suboptimal concentrations of antiIgM antibodies and rapamycin acted synergistically in causing the growth inhibition of BKS-2 cells and this inhibitory effect was also completely reversed by FK506. Thus, rapamycin appeared to inhibit lymphoma growth by binding to FK506 binding protein. These results indicate that rapamycin should be evaluated as an effective immunosuppressive therapeutic agent to prevent the incidence of lymphoma after transplantations.
On Reflection Symmetry In Natural Images

Many new symmetry detection algorithms have been recently developed, thanks to an interest revival on computational symmetry for computer graphics and computer vision applications. Notably, in 2013 the IEEE CVPR Conference organized a dedicated workshop and an accompanying symmetry detection competition. In this paper we propose an approach for symmetric object detection that is based both on the computation of a symmetry measure for each pixel and on saliency. The symmetry value is obtained as the energy balance of the even-odd decomposition of a patch w.r. t. each possible axis. The candidate symmetry axes are then identified through the localization of peaks along the direction perpendicular to each considered axis orientation. These found candidate axes are finally evaluated through a confidence measure that also allow removing redundant detected symmetries. The obtained results within the framework adopted in the aforementioned competition show significant performance improvement.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe and cerebellar vermis in children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorders.

OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined the neurochemical abnormalities that might be associated with pediatric bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate several brain regions implicated in bipolar disorder in children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorder. We hypothesized that these children would exhibit neurochemical differences compared with healthy children of parents without a psychiatric disorder. Specifically, decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr) of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellar vermis would reflect impairments in neuronal function and cellular metabolism, and elevated myo-inositol (mI) would reflect impaired phosphoinositide metabolism, potentially representing early markers of neurophysiologic changes that might underlie the development of bipolar disorder. METHODS Children with a mood disorder and at least one parent with bipolar disorder (n = 9) and healthy children (n = 10) group matched for age (8-12 years), race, sex, education, and Tanner stage were evaluated using the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was acquired using 8-cc volumes within the frontal cortex, frontal white matter, and the cerebellar vermis. Metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr, cholines (Cho)/Cr, mI/Cr, NAA/Cho, NAA/mI, and Cho/mI) and concentrations (NAA, Cr, Cho, and mI) were calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS The trend in concentration levels of NAA and Cr was approximately 8% lower for children with a mood disorder than healthy children within the cerebellar vermis. The frontal cortex in children with a mood disorder revealed elevated mI concentration levels, approximately 16% increased, compared with healthy children. CONCLUSIONS Similar to findings in adults with bipolar disorders, neurochemical abnormalities within the frontal cortex and the cerebellar vermis were present in this preliminary comparison of children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorder. Larger sample sizes are needed to replicate these findings.
DORT method as applied to ultrawideband signals for detection of buried objects

The decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) method, originally developed in acoustics, allows detection of scatterers embedded in the probed domain and provides some very robust means for focusing an incident wave onto a given scatterer. Hence, this method is very helpful for clutter reduction. Here, it is applied to the detection of buried cylindrical objects with the help of electromagnetic ultrawideband signals. It is shown that when the set of antennas is located on a piece of line above an interface, the use of the DORT method remains simple, whatever the polarization, provided the contribution from the target can be separated from that of the interface. Using wideband signals also permits one to excite natural resonances of the buried scatterer, which can easily be extracted from the eigenvalues of the time reversal operator. Numerical examples based on a finite-difference time-domain algorithm are given.
Technology Map: A Text Mining and Network Analysis Approach

Information of technology development is indispensable for research planning. This information is needed by researcher to determine research topics which he will contribute. For journal editor, this information is needed to evaluate research paper draft. Unfortunately, technology development is unable to be measured directly. To measure the development, several methods have been developed using patent and journal as its data. In this work we focused on development of technology map and its measurement in a method to provide information of technology development from Indonesian research journals using text mining and network analysis. The map helps stakeholders to plan their researches. Using journal data from agro-industrial technology, the method is able to identify relation between researches, thus we can develop the time line of the research area. The method can also cluster the researches into nineteen research areas and measure its popularity, importance, affinity to particular group, research type whether breakthrough or incremental, research group retention time, and its saturation.
Detection in noise by spectro-temporal pattern analysis.

Detectability of a 400-ms, 1000-Hz pure-tone signal was examined in bandlimited noise where different spectral regions were given similar waveform envelope characteristics. As expected, in random noise the threshold increased as the noise bandwidth was increased up to a critical bandwidth, but remained constant for further increases in bandwidth. In the noise with envelope coherence however, threshold decreased when the noise bandwidth was made wider than the critical bandwidth. The improvement in detectability was attributed to a process by which energy outside the critical band is used to help differentiate signal from masking noise, provided that the waveform envelope characteristics of the noise inside and outside the critical band are similar. With flanking coherent noise bands either lower or higher in frequency than a noise band centered on the signal, it was next determined that the frequency relation and remoteness of the coherent noise did not particularly influence the magnitude of the unmasking effect. An interpretation in terms of nonsimultaneous masking was reconciled with some aspects of the data, and with an interpretation in terms of across-frequency temporal pattern analysis. This paradigm, in which detection is based upon across-frequency temporal envelope coherence, was termed "comodulation masking release. " Comodulation offers a controlled way to investigate some of the mechanisms which permit signals to be detected at adverse signal-to-noise ratios.
Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Therapeutic stretching of the calf muscle-tendon unit is used to increase its length and to ameliorate decreased dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), but the influence of age on the passive properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit has not been studied adequately The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness (PES) characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit when stretched through the full, available dorsiflexion ROM. SUBJECTS Twenty-four younger women (aged 20-39 years), 24 middle-aged women (aged 40-59 years), and 33 older women (aged 60-84 years) participated. METHODS An isokinetic dynamometer was used to passively stretch the right calf muscle-tendon unit from relaxed plantar flexion to the maximal angle of available dorsiflexion at 5(ús-1. The maximal passive resistive torque was measured, and passive angle-torque curves were constructed for a full ROM from an initial angle of passive resistive torque to the maximal dorsiflexion angle. The full ROM represented length extensibility. The average PES was calculated for this full stretch ROM and for the first half and the last half of this stretch ROM. The maximal passive dorsiflexion angle, maximal passive resistive torque, angular change for the full stretch ROM, and average PES for the full stretch ROM and the first half and the last half of the full stretch ROM were examined for group differences and their relationships with age. RESULTS The maximal passive dorsiflexion angle, maximal passive resistive torque, angular change for the full stretch ROM, and average PES within the last half of the full stretch ROM were less for the older women than for the younger women. Age was negatively associated with these variables. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Decreased maximal passive dorsiflexion ROM in older women was associated with decreased maximal passive resistive torque, decreased calf muscle-tendon unit length extensibility, and decreased average PES within the last half of their available passive dorsiflexion ROM.
Deposition of non-spherical particles in bifurcating airways

Abstract Particle morphology plays an important role in pulmonary drug delivery. Not only does particle shape affect how particles flow and deposit, the shape also influences the drug release rate from the particles. In this work, a semi-theoretical relationship is developed to describe deposition efficiency as a function of fluid and particle properties, incorporating the effect of particle shape. For the 10 different particle types studied (with aerodynamic diameters between 1 and 10 µm), three key deposition mechanisms are identified. All particles deposit through inertial impaction, and additionally deposit via sedimentation or diffusion, depending on the particle specific momentum.
Effect of Mammalian Growth Hormone and Prolactin on the Growth of Hypophysectomized Chickens

Body weight gain and shank-toe growth during a 26-day treatment period following hypophysectomy were 55 and 46%, respectively, of control values, but the body weight gain was unaffected and bone growth only slightly reduced when the hypophysectomized chickens were fed a low dose of corticosterone (5 ppm). Bovine growth hormone (0.5 mg GH/kg body wt/day for 18 days) enhanced body weight gain and shank-toe length increase (an estimate of bone growth) by 46 and 33%, respectively, compared to the growth of hypophysectomized chickens receiving only corticosterone. These same endpoints were increased approximately 24% after ovine growth hormone treatment in hypophysectomized chickens not receiving corticosterone. Body weight gain during 18 days of treatment with bovine prolactin (0.5 mg PRL/kg/day) was 27% greater than the value for corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens, but bone growth was unaffected. The mammalian GH preparations increased heart weight of the hypophysectomized chickens (25-29%), but pectoralis muscle weight was unaffected. GH treatment enhanced thymal weights by 71% in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens, and by 93% in hypophysectomized animals not receiving corticosterone. GH had no significant effect on bursal weights, and PRL had no effect on either of these lymphoid organ weights in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens. GH increased liver and adipose tissue weights considerably more than the large increases that followed treatment of hypophysectomized chickens with corticosterone alone (69 and 126% greater, respectively), but had no effect on these endpoints in hypophysectomized chickens not receiving corticosterone. PRL also greatly increased liver and adipose tissue weights in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens (79 and 75%, respectively). These results provide evidence that mammalian GH enhances body weight gain, bone growth, and the growth of several organs in the hypophysectomized chicken. Mammalian PRL increased body weight gain, liver weight, and adipose tissue weight in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens, but did not influence bone growth or the weights of the heart, pectoralis, thymi, or bursa.
Association Basolateral amygdala stimulation evokes glutamate receptor‐dependent dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of the anaesthetized rat

Afferents from the basolateral amygdala and dopamine projections from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens have both been implicated in reward‐related processes. The present study used in vivo chronoamperometry with stearate‐graphite paste electrodes in urethane‐anaesthetized rats to determine how basolateral amygdala efferents to the nucleus accumbens synaptically regulate dopamine efflux. Repetitive‐pulse (20 Hz for 10 s) electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala evoked a complex pattern of changes in monitored dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens related to dopamine efflux. These changes were characterized by an initial increase that was time‐locked to stimulation, a secondary decrease below baseline, followed by a prolonged increase in the dopamine signal above baseline. The effects of burst‐patterned stimulation (100 Hz, 5 pulses/burst, 1‐s interburst interval, 40 s) of the basolateral amygdala on the basal accumbens dopamine signal were similar to those evoked by 20 Hz stimulation, with the lack of a secondary suppressive component. Infusions of the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists (±)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (APV) or 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX) into the nucleus accumbens dose‐dependently blocked or attenuated the initial and prolonged increases in the dopamine signal following 20 Hz or burst‐patterned basolateral amygdala stimulation. Infusions of the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist (+)‐α‐methyl‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine selectively blocked the intermediate suppressive effect of 20 Hz basolateral amygdala stimulation on dopamine oxidation currents. Blockade of glutamate receptors or inhibition of dopamine neuronal activity via infusions of either APV + DNQX, lidocaine or γ‐hydroxybutyric acid, respectively, into the ventral tegmental area did not effect the pattern of changes in the accumbens dopamine signal evoked by basolateral amygdala stimulation. These data suggest that the glutamatergic basolateral amygdala inputs to nucleus accumbens dopamine terminals synaptically facilitate or depress dopamine efflux, and these effects are independent of dopamine neuronal firing activity. Moreover, these results imply that changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine levels following presentation of reward‐related stimuli may be mediated, in part, by the basolateral amygdala.
Vicarious Radiometric Calibration of a Multispectral Camera on Board an Unmanned Aerial System

Combinations of unmanned aerial platforms and multispectral sensors are considered low-cost tools for detailed spatial and temporal studies addressing spectral signatures, opening a broad range of applications in remote sensing. Thus, a key step in this process is knowledge of multi-spectral sensor calibration parameters in order to identify the physical variables collected by the sensor. This paper discusses the radiometric calibration process by means of a vicarious method applied to a high-spatial resolution unmanned flight using low-cost artificial and natural covers as control and check surfaces, respectively.
REVIEWARTICLE Dependence and Addiction During Chronic Opioid Therapy

The use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain has increased dramatically over the past 25 years in North America and has been accompanied by a major increase in opioid addiction and overdose deaths. The increase in opioid prescribing is multifactorial and partly reflects concerns about the effectiveness and safety of alternative medications, particularly the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, much of the rise in opioid prescribing reflects the assertion, widely communicated to physicians in the 1990s, that the risks of dependence and addiction during chronic opioid therapy were low, predictable, and could be minimized by the use of controlled-release opioid formulations. In this narrative review, we offer a critical appraisal of the publications most frequently cited as evidence that the risk of addiction during chronic opioid therapy is low. We conclude that very few well-designed studies support the notion that opioid addiction is rare during chronic opioid therapy and that none can be readily generalized to present-day practice. Despite serious methodological limitations, these studies have been repeatedly mischaracterized as showing that the risk of addiction during chronic opioid therapy is rare. These studies are countered by a larger, more rigorous and contemporary body of evidence demonstrating that dependence and addiction are relatively common consequences of chronic opioid therapy, occurring in up to onethird of patients in some series.
Bifidobacterium bifidum R 0071 results in a greater proportion of healthy days and a lower percentage of academically stressed students reporting a day of cold / flu : a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled study

Acute psychological stress is positively associated with a cold/flu. The present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effect of three potentially probiotic bacteria on the proportion of healthy days over a 6-week period in academically stressed undergraduate students (n 581) who received Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis R0033, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 or placebo. On each day, participants recorded the intensity (scale: 0 1⁄4 not experiencing to 3 1⁄4 very intense) for nine cold/flu symptoms, and a sum of symptom intensity . 6 was designated as a day of cold/flu. B. bifidum resulted in a greater proportion of healthy days than placebo (P#0·05). The percentage of participants reporting $1 d of cold/flu during the 6-week intervention period was significantly lower with B. bifidum than with placebo (P,0·05). There were no effects of B. infantis or L. helveticus compared with placebo on either outcome. A predictive model accounted for influential characteristics and their interactions on daily reporting of cold/flu episodes. The proportion of participants reporting a cold on any given day was lower at weeks 2 and 3 with B. bifidum and B. infantis than with placebo for the average level of stress and the most commonly reported number of hours of sleep. Daily intake of bifidobacteria provides benefit related to cold/flu outcomes during acute stress.