Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extrusion Cooking Technology for Foods : A Review

Accepted: 25/09/2015 Abstract Extrusion-cooking is increasing popularity in the g lobal agro-food processing industry, particularly in the food and f eed sectors. Extrusion cooking is a high-temperature, short-time process i n which moistened, expansive, starchy and protenacious raw material is used. Food materials are plasticised and cooked in a minute by a combina tio of moisture, pressure, temperature and mechanical shear, resulti ng in molecular transformation and chemical reactions. It is reduce s th microbial count and inactivates the enzymes. It is a multi-step, multif nction thermal or mechanical process, has permitted a large number of food applications. Beneficial changes in the bioavailability as well a s in the content of nutrients may take place during extrusion. The mech anisms underlying these changes as well as the influence of process c onditions and food mix composition. Special importance is placed on the ph ysico-chemical and chemical modifications of protein, starch and dieta ry fibre. Extrude product can be categorized for a particular application dep ending on their functional properties such as water absorption and water solub ility index, expansion ratio, bulk density and viscosity of the dough.
Fatty acids in forages. I. Factors affecting concentrations

When forages represent a high proportion of ruminant diets they provide a significant quantity of fatty acids (FA). Effects of growth stage, fertilization, conservation method, growth period, species, and cultivar on forage FA were determined in four experiments. Concentrations of C16:0, C18:2, C18:3, and total FA (TFA) in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) decreased (P < 0.01), respectively, by 15, 16, 31, and 23% between stem elongation and early flowering. Nitrogen fertilization (120 vs. 0 kg N ha-1) caused an increase (P < 0.01) of 18% of C16:0, 12% of C18:2, 40% of C18:3, and 26% of TFA concentrations. Phosphorus was not deficient and P fertilization (45 vs. 0 kg P ha-1) had no significant effect on timothy FA concentrations. Wilting and drying decreased (P < 0.01) timothy C18:2, C18:3, and TFA concentrations. Concentrations of C18:2, C18:3, and TFA were higher in summer regrowth than in spring growth, primarily in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and timothy (P < 0.01). Significant variation for all F.
Decoding architectures for Projective Geometry based LDPC codes

Projective geometry (PG) based low density parity check (LDPC) codes have many useful properties, including easy encoding and decoding by simple majority logic technique. With these useful features, they can be useful error control codes in future. In this paper, we present three novel architectures comprising of one parallel and two semi-parallel decoder architectures for popular PG-based LDPC codes. These architectures have no memory clash and further are reconfigurable for different lengths (and their corresponding rates). The three architectures can be configured either for the regular belief propagation based decoding or majority logic decoding (MLD).
Online trajectory optimization based on successive convex optimization

The traditional trajectory optimization methods are often difficult to achieve the rapid requirements of online planning. Therefore, the convex optimization method is applied to trajectory optimization of a missile to reduce the computational cost in this paper. With the convex optimization theory, the missile nonlinear motion model is firstly convexified based on the small perturbation linearization theory and then discretized using the Euler method, which is then solved by the successive convex optimization method. Simulation results show that the convex optimization technique can greatly reduce the computational time, while yields comparable optimal solutions compared to the well-known Gauss pseudospectral method.
The effects of plasmonic nature of metals on scattering properties of nano patch antennas

In this paper we studied real and ideal metal based patch antennas, in order to compare their scattering characteristics. It is shown that plasmonic nature of metals leads to a better ability of these antennas to control the phase front of the reflected light. Also the dimensions of the antenna could be much shorter than the wavelength in comparison to their microwave counterpart, which make them radiation element of choice for building blocks of a phase gradient metasurface.
Toxicokinetic Triage for Environmental Chemicals.

Toxicokinetic (TK) models link administered doses to plasma, blood, and tissue concentrations. High-throughput TK (HTTK) performs in vitro to in vivo extrapolation to predict TK from rapid in vitro measurements and chemical structure-based properties. A significant toxicological application of HTTK has been "reverse dosimetry," in which bioactive concentrations from in vitro screening studies are converted into in vivo doses (mg/kg BW/day). These doses are predicted to produce steady-state plasma concentrations that are equivalent to in vitro bioactive concentrations. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the approximations and assumptions necessary for reverse dosimetry and develop methods to determine whether HTTK tools are appropriate or may lead to false conclusions for a particular chemical. Based on literature in vivo data for 87 chemicals, we identified specific properties (eg, in vitro HTTK data, physico-chemical descriptors, and predicted transporter affinities) that correlate with poor HTTK predictive ability. For 271 chemicals we developed a generic HT physiologically based TK (HTPBTK) model that predicts non-steady-state chemical concentration time-courses for a variety of exposure scenarios. We used this HTPBTK model to find that assumptions previously used for reverse dosimetry are usually appropriate, except most notably for highly bioaccumulative compounds. For the thousands of man-made chemicals in the environment that currently have no TK data, we propose a 4-element framework for chemical TK triage that can group chemicals into 7 different categories associated with varying levels of confidence in HTTK predictions. For 349 chemicals with literature HTTK data, we differentiated those chemicals for which HTTK approaches are likely to be sufficient, from those that may require additional data.
Coordinated Motion Planning for Multiple Mobile Robots Along Designed Paths With Formation Requirement

This paper presents a motion-planning approach for coordinating multiple mobile robots in moving along specified paths. The robots are required to fulfill formation requirements while meeting velocity/acceleration constraints and avoiding collisions. Coordination is achieved by planning robot velocities along the paths through a velocity-optimization process. An objective function for minimizing formation errors is established and solved by a linear interactive and general optimizer. Motion planning can be further adjusted online to address emergent demands such as avoiding suddenly appearing obstacles. Simulations and experiments are performed on a group of mobile robots to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated motion planning in multirobot formations.
Design of Eco-Smart Homes For Elderly Independent Living

The aging of the world population has increased dramatically during the past century. The rapid increase of elderly population is putting a heavy strain on healthcare and social welfare. Living conditions and service provision for elderly people have thus become an increasingly hot topic worldwide. In this paper, we address this problem by presenting a conceptual model of an integrated and personalized system for an eco-smart home for elderly independent living. This approach was inspired by an on-going European project, INNOVAGE, which researchers at Blekinge Institute of Technology are currently participating in, and which focuses on regional knowledge clusters for promoting eco-smart homes for elderly independent living. Contrasting the social situation of elderly in China and Europe, we have chosen to focus on a solution for a Swedish context, which takes technical, environmental, social and human-computer interaction aspects into consideration in the design of eco-smart homes for elderly people in Sweden. Three studies have been carried out in order to clarify and explore the main issues at stake. A literature review gave an overview of on-going research and the current state-of-the-art concerning smart homes. The literature review, along with an interview of an expert on solar energy, also gave insights into additional design challenges which are introduced when focusing specifically on eco-smart building solutions. In order to explore and gain a better understanding of the perceived needs and requests of the target group, i.e. the elderly population, we carried out interviews with three experts in healthcare and homecare for the elderly, and also carried out interviews among the elderly in Karlskrona and interviews and a web survey among the elderly in China. As a way of addressing the design challenges of integrating a multitude of diverse, complicated technical systems in a home environment while at the same time high-lighting the need for comprehensive personalized service provision for elderly people, we designed a conceptual model – an exemplar – of an eco-smart home for elderly independent living. The eco-smart home exemplar aims to inspire interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder discussions around innovative design and development of environmentally friendly, comfortable, safe and supportive living for the elderly in the future. Finally, we did an evaluation of the model in two workshops with elderly people in two different towns in Blekinge.
Reducing False Positive in Intrusion Detection System : A Survey

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are widely used systems to detect malicious intent activities and various attacks on the internet, but these frameworks confront a disadvantage of the huge number of alerts and false positive. Furthermore, in this manner lessen the proficiency of the IDS. This problem becomes motivation for many researchers to find the solution to distinguish alerts to less important events and thus reduce false positives. The aim of the study is to contemplate different procedures designed to distinguish real and false alerts and gaining from them the methods and techniques that lessen the generation of false positives. This paper is a compiled review of research in this field and provide a single metric on techniques of reducing false alarms in IDS which help future researchers gather knowledge about all proposed techniques from the hypothetical perspective Keywords—Intrusion detection system, false positive, alert reduction.
Mental Health Care in Saudi Arabia: Past, Present and Future

We review the past, present and future state of mental health care in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The past is reviewed prior to the modern era, discussing early explanations and treatments for mental health illness up through the establishment of the first mental hospital in the 1950s, tracking advances in mental health care over the past 60 years. The present is explored in terms of the current need for mental health care based on the prevalence of mental health problems in KSA. We also discuss the role of the family in caring for the needs of the mentally ill today. Finally, we look forward into the future, discuss the current education system that will produce the next generation of mental health professionals, examine areas of mental health care that need improvement, and provide a research agenda to guide the continued development of the mental health care system in KSA. Our goal is to present a blue print for the development of a state-of-the-art mental health that may serve as a model for other countries in the Middle East, while taking into account the political, cultural and religious factors that are unique to this region of the world.
Analysis of stock market using text mining and natural language processing

Stock market has become one of the major components of economy not only in developed countries but also in third world developing countries. Making decision in stock market is not really easy because a lot of factors are involved with every choice we make. Therefore, a lot of analysis is required to make an optimal move on stock market which may involve price trend, market's nature, company's stability, different news and rumors about stocks etc. The objective of this study is to extract fundamental information from relevant news sources and use them to analyze or sometimes forecast the stock market from the common investor's viewpoint. We surveyed the existing business text mining researches and proposed a framework that uses our text parser and analyzer algorithm with an open source natural language processing tool to analyze (machine learning and text mining), retrieve (natural language processing), forecast (compare with historic data) investment decisions from any text data source on stock market. For our research we used the data of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), capital market of Bangladesh.
An Update in AF Management

4 This article has been selected by the Editorial Board of the Hong Kong Medical Diary for participants in the CME programme of the Medical Council of Hong Kong (MCHK) to complete the following self-assessment questions in order to be awarded one CME credit under the programme upon returning the completed answer sheet to the Federation Secretariat on or before 31 January 2011. An Update in AF Management
FEM Investigation of Induction Heating System for Pipe Brazing

The paper deals with determination of electromagnetic and temperature field distribution of induction heating system used for pipe brazing. The problem is considered as coupled – time harmonic electromagnetic and transient thermal field. It has been solved using finite element method. The detailed maps of electromagnetic and thermal field distribution have been obtained. The good understanding of the processes in the considered system ensures possibilities for control, management and increasing the efficiency of the welding process. Keywords—Electromagnetic field, temperature field, finite element method, induction heating, pipe brazing.
Optimization of a 54.8 GHz coupled opto-electronic oscillator through dispersion compensation of a mode-locked semiconductor laser

Dispersion impact on electrical signal generation at 54.8 GHz of a quantum dash (QDs) mode-locked Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers emitting at 1.55 mum has been measured. Optimum fibre length values that correspond to dispersion compensation have been found. For these optimal conditions a pulse width of 480 fs has been measured. These optimum fibre length values have been applied to the integration of two architectures of phase noise reduction schemes: a coupled opto-electronic oscillator (COEO) with a single self-injection loop associated to a self-phase-locked loop (PLL) and a dual loop COEO. A phase noise reduction of more than 30 dB at an offset frequency of 20 kHz has been obtained for the second architecture.
Dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve in air brake system

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve in an air brake system and as a result to decrease the response time. To realize the objective, this research presents the development and validation of a analytical dynamic model of a solenoid valve in a commercial vehicle, which is established within the multi-domain physical modeling. An experimental test rig is implemented and the experimental data of the transient pressure are measured to verify the model accuracy. The simulation and the experiment results are compared to achieve the suitable parameter configuration for the valve.
Estimating bacteria emissions from inversion of atmospheric transport: sensitivity to modelled particle characteristics

Abstract. Model-simulated transport of atmospheric trace components can be combined with observed concentrations to obtain estimates of ground-based sources using various inversion techniques. These approaches have been applied in the past primarily to obtain source estimates for long-lived trace gases such as CO2. We consider the application of similar techniques to source estimation for atmospheric aerosols, using as a case study the estimation of bacteria emissions from different ecosystem regions in the global atmospheric chemistry and climate model ECHAM5/MESSy-Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC). Source estimation via Markov Chain Monte Carlo is applied to a suite of sensitivity simulations, and the global mean emissions are estimated for the example problem of bacteria-containing aerosol particles. We present an analysis of the uncertainties in the global mean emissions, and a partitioning of the uncertainties that are attributable to particle size, activity as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), the ice nucleation scavenging ratios for mixed-phase and cold clouds, and measurement error. For this example, uncertainty due to CCN activity or to a 1 μm error in particle size is typically between 10% and 40% of the uncertainty due to observation uncertainty, as measured by the 5–95th percentile range of the Monte Carlo ensemble. Uncertainty attributable to the ice nucleation scavenging ratio in mixed-phase clouds is as high as 10–20% of that attributable to observation uncertainty. Taken together, the four model parameters examined contribute about half as much to the uncertainty in the estimated emissions as do the observations. This was a surprisingly large contribution from model uncertainty in light of the substantial observation uncertainty, which ranges from 81–870% of the mean for each of ten ecosystems for this case study. The effects of these and other model parameters in contributing to the uncertainties in the transport of atmospheric aerosol particles should be treated explicitly and systematically in both forward and inverse modelling studies.
How and why the winner effect forms: influences of contest environment and species differences

Winning aggressive social encounters can enhance the probability of future victories. This so-called winner effect occurs in diverse species and is thought to be an intrinsic phenomenon mediated by postencounter hormone release. Yet, recent evidence suggests the possibility that certain extrinsic factors also influence the winner effect's formation within an individual, possibly by affecting the expression of hormone titers that follow a fight. We first investigated in the monogamous and territorial male California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) whether the effect of residency, an extrinsic factor, influences the winner effect's formation and the endogenous secretion of testosterone and/or progesterone after a dispute. We found that California mice that acquire winning experience in unfamiliar physical locations do not form a full winner effect. Furthermore, this species does not experience a testosterone pulse after a fight in an unfamiliar cage. These findings indicate that environmental context can mediate the winner effect's formation, possibly by affecting the expression of postencounter testosterone pulses. Second, we compared the winner effect of the California mouse to that of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), a close relative that is promiscuous and less-territorial. We found that, compared with California mice, white-footed mice exhibit neither a full winner effect, despite similar past winning experiences, nor a postencounter surge in testosterone. This finding suggests that these behavioral and physiological phenomena vary among even closely related species and are possibly linked to aspects of social biology, including the degree to which individuals of each species are territorial. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Simulation of plant growth manipulation using rule based inference and C4.5 algorithm

The growth process of a flowering plant can be manipulated by treating on its genes and controlling its exogenous factors. This manipulation is aimed for specific reason, for example: to accelerate the flowering process, to lengthen juvenility, or to regenerate certain parts of the flower. Biology molecular researcher used to do this manipulation in a costly research and it usually takes a long period to watch its impact on a plant. A system is developed to simulate vegetative and generative growth process of a plant when its exogenous factors and genes are controlled. The vegetative system uses rules generated using C4.5 algorithm and gives 100% accuracy when SN DNE and HR are both active. When one of SN DNE and HR is nonactive, the rules are no longer accurate and generated manually. The generative system uses rules based inference. It predicts the effect of controlling the level of genes and exogenous factors. It can be estimated whether the plant would produce flowers, become sterile, stay juvenile or even die. The system is also able to predict the shape of the flower, whether it would be a perfect flower or inactive in some part of the flower.
Stress induced telomere shortening

Background: Mutations accumulate as a result of DNA damage and imperfect DNA repair machinery. In higher eukaryotes the accumulation and spread of mutations is limited in two primary ways: through p53-mediated programmed cell death and cellular senescence mediated by telomeres. Telomeres shorten at every cell division and cell stops dividing once the shortest telomere reaches a critical length. It has been shown that the rate of telomere attrition is accelerated when cells are exposed to DNA damaging agents. However the implications of this mechanism are not fully understood. Results: With the help of in silico model we investigate the effect of genotoxic stress on telomere attrition and apoptosis in a population of non-identical replicating cells. When comparing the populations of cells with constant vs. stress-induced rate of telomere shortening we find that stress induced telomere shortening (SITS) increases longevity while reducing mutation rate. Interestingly, however, the effect takes place only when genotoxic stresses (e.g. reactive oxygen species due to metabolic activity) are distributed non-equally among cells. Conclusions: Our results for the first time show how non-equal distribution of metabolic load (and associated genotoxic stresses) combined with stress induced telomere shortening can delay aging and minimize mutations.
Sociale zekerheid voor kinderen

2.1 Inleiding In Nederland trekt de overheid in 2009 ruim 9 mld euro ( 1,5 procent van het bruto binnenlands product) uit voor diverse regelingen die financiele ondersteuning bieden aan huishoudens met kinderen. Dit jaar ontbotte een nieuwe loot aan de stam: het kindgebonden budget. In toenemende mate worden grotere investeringen in kinderen genoemd als voorwaarde voor het behoud van de verzorgingsstaat.1 Via het voeren van een actieve kindpolitiek wordt een antwoord gezocht op problemen die samenhangen met de vergrijzing.2 Zo wordt – vanuit de idee dat de kinderen de verzorgingsstaat in de toekomst dragen – gesteld dat de gevolgen van de vergrijzing aangepakt moeten worden door het overheidsbeleid te focussen op bevordering van arbeidsparticipatie, bescherming van huishoudens met kinderen en met name vergroting van kansen voor kinderen.3 Oorspronkelijk werden bestrijding van armoede onder kinderen en bescherming van kinderrijke gezinnen beschouwd als rechtsgrond voor overheidssteun aan huishoudens met kinderen via de kinderbijslag.4 De afgelopen decennia is kinderbijslag geevolueerd tot een systeem voor inkomensherverdeling ten gunste van verzorgers van kinderen.5 In het huidige debat over de toekomst van de welvaartsstaat geven pleitbezorgers van intensivering van kindregelingen verder aan dat investeringen in kinderen zullen leiden tot hogere vruchtbaarheidscijfers, toenemende participatie van vrouwen en verbeteringen in de cognitieve ontwikkeling en sociale vaardigheden van kinderen.6 Daarbij wordt verondersteld dat bijkomende investeringen zijn gericht op kwalitatief goede kinderopvang, opleidingsmogelijkheden en gezondheidszorg voor kinderen.