Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Practice in a Linear and Non-linear Web-based Learning Environment

Instructional elements remain the foundation of current instructional design practice. Practice is the instructional element provided after learners have been given information required to master an objective and Navigation is the non-instructional element guides the learner on the sequence of instruction. Linear Navigation can be referred to as program control where the learners do not have control over sequence and Non-Linear Navigation can be referred to as Learner control over sequence of instruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of practice with feedback, navigation type on achievement, attitude, and time when students use a web-based instructional program and the interaction between practice and navigation type. 240 students from a large south western university participated in four different web based environments. Significant differences were found for practice main effect, but not for navigation main effect. There was no interaction between practice and navigation. There were significant differences for attitude items, I learned a lot from this program and the program gave me enough opportunity to practice between the treatments who received practice and those who did not. This study reinforces on the importance of practice and has implications for the design and development of web-based, multimedia instruction.
Export Share of Ukrainian Electronic Industry Transition

The paper is devoted to the research of the export capacity of enterprises of electronic industry in Ukraine. The paper investigates the main aspects of export activity and ability in the case of the enterprises from the electronic industry, the trends and prospects of the national enterprises to develop their export capacity, considered features of export activity implementation. In terms of the examined trends and factors affecting the export, it was suggested an algorithm for improving the export capacity of enterprises of electronic industry in Ukraine. The authors emphasize the idea regarding the real possibility of achieved electronic industry growth based on export orientation only.
Advanced treatment technique for swine wastewater using two agents: Thermally polymerized amorphous silica and hydrated lime for color and phosphorus removal and sulfur for nitrogen removal.

The efficacy of advanced treatment of swine wastewater using thermally polymerized, modified amorphous silica and hydrated lime (M-CSH-lime) for color and phosphorus removal and sulfur for nitrogen removal was examined with a demonstration-scale treatment plant. The color removal rate was approximately 78% at M-CSH-lime addition rates of > 0.055 wt/v%. The PO43--P removal rate exceeded 99.9% with > 0.023 wt/v%. pH of the effluent from the M-CSH-lime reactor increased with the addition rate till a maximum value of 12.7, which was effective in disinfection. The recovered M-CSH-lime would be suitable as a phosphorus fertilizer because the total P2 O5 content was approximately 10%. The nitrogen oxide (NOx-N) removal rate by sulfur denitrification increased to approximately 80% when the NOx-N loading rate was around 0.1 kg-N/ton-S/day. It was suggested that the combination of the two processes would be effective in the advanced treatment of swine wastewater.
Histopathological changes in the swimbladder wall of the European eel Anguilla anguilla due to infections with Anguillicola crassus.

The histopathological changes in swimbladders of European eels naturally and experimentally infected with Anguillicola crassus were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. During the course of probably several infections swimbladders undergo characteristic changes. In addition to the thickening of the entire swimbladder wall, and to the folded internal surface of this organ, inflammation, migration of white blood cells, fibrosis and changes in the epithelial cells are frequently seen. Epithelial cells tend to proliferate heavily and form hyperplastic tissues; these processes are accompanied by changes in the internal structure of the cells. The normally cubic cells become spherical or columnar and form folds facing the lumen of the swimbladder. As a consequence, most of these cells lose contact with the blood vessels and show no strict polarity. In heavily affected swimbladders the basal labyrinth of the epithelial cells is reduced, i.e. becomes shorter and less densely packed. The lamina propria shows severe fibrosis with infiltration of white blood cells. Larvae of A. crassus, inhabiting the wall of the swimbladder, were found to be surrounded by cell debris, but this local necrosis does not affect the entire swimbladder in its overall structure. These histological findings can partly explain changes in the gas composition in eels infected with A. crassus.
Semantic image browsing using hidden categories and confidence values

In this paper we propose a photo browsing system that uses image classification results in an error tolerant manner. Images are hierarchically classified into indoor/outdoor and further into city/landscape. We employ simple classifiers based on global color histogram, wavelet subband energies and contour directions having medium recall rates around 85%. This paper delivers two contributions to cope with classification errors in the context of image browsing. The first contribution is a method to associate confidence measures to classification results. A second contribution is a browsing tool that does not reveal classification results to the user. Instead, browsing options are generated. These browsing options are thumbnails representing semantic topics such as indoor and outdoor. User studies showed that thumbnails and semantic topics are highly demanded features for a photo-browsing tool. The thumbnails are representative images from the database with high confidence values. The thumbnails are chosen context-based such that they have class labels in common with currently displayed images or usage history.
Recycling endosomes in neuronal membrane traffic

Neurons are highly polarized cells with axonal and somatodendritic membrane surfaces that spatially separate signal‐sending from signal‐receiving membrane domains. As found in many other cell types, different populations of endosomes are involved in the sorting of synaptic and other membrane cargo in neurons. The exact source of the membrane for neurite extension and process remodelling during neuronal differentiation has remained uncertain, and we do not know exactly how polarized sorting of neuronal membrane proteins is achieved. In the present article, we will provide a brief overview of endosomes and their putative or proven functions in fibroblasts, epithelial cells and neurons. On the basis of insights from non‐neuronal cell types and recent studies on the function of recycling endosomes during synaptic plasticity‐induced membrane remodelling, we postulate a speculative model regarding the role of recycling endosomes in neuronal differentiation.
International Business Study Programs: Outgoing Approaches

Primarily, there are two major approaches to overseas study experience for business students to learn about international business and cultures other than their own. These approaches center on long term and short term experiences. This article looks at planning and organizing issues for facilitating outgoing international study opportunities for students in higher education, both long term and short term international study programs.
In Gov We Trust: Voluntary compliance in networked investment games

We conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to investigate trust and trustworthiness in a networked investment game in which two senders interact with a receiver. We investigate to what extent senders and receivers comply with an exogenous and non-binding recommendation. We also manipulate the level of information available to senders regarding receiver’s behavior in the network. We compare a baseline treatment in which senders are only informed about the actions and outcomes of their own investment games to two information treatments. In the reputation treatment, senders receive ex ante information regarding the average amount returned by the receiver in the previous period. In the transparency treatment, each sender receives ex post additional information regarding the returning decision of the receiver to the other sender in the network. Across all treatments and for both senders and receivers, the non-binding rule has a significant and positive impact on individual decisions. Providing senders with additional information regarding receiver’s behavior affects trust at the individual level, but leads to mixed results at the aggregate level. Our findings suggest that reputation building, as well as allowing for social comparison could be efficient ways for receivers to improve trust within networks.
The effects of the crisis on marketing innovation: an application for Spain

Purpose This study aims to identify the structural features of companies that have implemented marketing innovations at two different points, 2008 and 2010 (before and during the crisis). Design/methodology/approach The sample, obtained from the Technological Innovation Panel, consists of two subsamples of 9,415 enterprises each. The information was processed using a binomial logit model, parametric and non-parametric tests for independent samples and a test of structural stability. Findings Differences were found in the results from 2008 and 2010: enterprises in Spain were less likely to implement marketing innovations in 2010 than in 2008; the effect of an enterprise’s size on how likely it was to innovate in marketing decreased by more than half between the two periods; the likelihood of innovating in marketing increased in enterprises that also pursued organizational innovations; and in contrast to 2008, in 2010, the enterprises that were most likely to innovate in marketing were those that exported to countries outside the European Union. These findings show that innovation is part of the business ethos and that public policies that support exports can also foster innovation. Originality/value Marketing innovation has received little attention in the literature. We believe that marketing innovation can help to improve an organization’s results, even in times of economic crisis.
Genetic analysis of 15 STR loci of Chinese Uigur ethnic population.

POPULATION: Almost all the Ewenki are found in HulunBuir Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia province of China. Some Ewenki are nomads; others are farmers or farmer-hunters. A small number of them are hunters. Its national characters and languages belong to the Altai phylum.
Large Firms, Foreign Firms, and Domestic Wages

Quite a few studies have documented the finding that foreign-owned and/or large firms pay higher wages. A number of papers have argued for a worker-learning model, in which workers learn more in foreign or large firms, though there is little supporting theory on exactly how this mechanism operates. Second, it may be that foreign and large firms select better workers on average. A theoretical paper by Yeaple (2005) develops this idea in a model with heterogeneous workers and ex-ante homogeneous firms. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that combines the approaches and allows each as a special case. Some of the empirical implications of the two approaches, which are by no means mutually exclusive, are essentially identical and a few are different. We then conduct an empirical investigation using matched employeremployee data from Denmark. Our results suggest that, of the wage premium in large firms, about 30 percent is explained by observed and unobserved worker characteristics, with the other 70 percent consistent with the worker-learning model. Higher wage growth in large firms and higher wages for workers with more experience and tenure in large plants also support the worker-learning model. Some of the foreign-firm wage premium and all of the wage-growth premium disappears when controlling for firm size, a finding consistent with our model.
A low-cost GPS&INS integrated system based on a FPGA platform

Nowadays is common to find different applications where GPS and INS integration is achieved, such as: identifying track defects, guidance, navigation and control of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV), geo-referencing, etc. The combination between these navigation instruments provides higher accuracy in the positioning information than their stand-alone operation, due to the fact that it takes advantages of both instruments, but although there is a wide study of algorithms to evaluate GPS/INS fusion not many studies are undertaken to carry it out using small size, flexible and low cost platforms, which is a challenge in the next generation of navigation systems. Therefore this paper describes the development of a low-cost Loosely Coupled GPS/INS integration with a novel modular platform based on FPGA that presents small size, low power consumption architecture, it is also flexible and has a low risk system design methodology that can be useful in several applications. The platform is assessed by data coming from a flight simulator called FlightGear, this data is perturbed with noise, where has been considered information from real sensors. The platform also has a user friendly PDA-Web server interface to show the navigation solution in Google Maps.
Meeting the needs of the Chinese tourist - the operators' perspective

The increasing numbers of Chinese outbound tourists are bringing economic benefits to a large number of destinations world-wide, including those in Australia. The growth rate for Chinese visitors to Australia since 1996 has been around 20% (BTR 2000). By the year 2010 it is predicted that the Chinese market will have increased by 24% per year to over one million tourists and hence it is expected to become one of the most important inbound markets for the Australian tourism industry. The aim of this paper is to examine the level of preparation the Australian tourism industry has made in relation to the expected Chinese tourist influx. In particular, the paper will investigate some of the most popular attractions in and around Melbourne and examine their level of preparedness. Preliminary interviews have been undertaken and these will be augmented through structured in-depth interviews at six large attraction operators. The data collected will highlight issues such as the employment of Chinese speaking staff, signage, interpretive exhibits, Chinese food outlets and ways of dealing with specialist needs of this market. The paper will provide the implications for the management of tourist attractions in relation to gaining more of the Chinese tourist market and maintaining it.
The Relationship Among Learning Orientation, Market Orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Firm Performance of Vietnam Marketing Communications Firms

This paper examines the relationship among learning orientation, market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation and how these affect firm performance in a transition economy like in Vietnam. A model incorporating the key determinants was tested with a sample of 642 owners, senior managers and CEOs in Vietnam marketing communications firms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation have a positive impact on firm performance. However, the relationship between learning orientation and firm performance in Vietnam marketing communications firms is not significant. In addition, the results also suggest that senior managers, CEOs, as well as owners in Vietnam marketing communications firms should recognize the importance of concepts in dynamic capabilities to improve their competitiveness into the market-orientation economy. A major limitation of this study is the examination of only three concepts that impact on Vietnam marketing communications firm performance: entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and learning orientation. Several other concepts of dynamic capabilities may be investigated in other industries apart from marketing communication firms.
The recognition and measurement of brand assets: an exploration of the accounting/marketing interface

The asset recognition criteria presented in this paper break free from the narrow definitional and rule based perspective of accounting epistemology to offer an alternative view based on the recognition of artefacts and the related notion of separability. The purpose is to explore the nature of a trademarked brand "asset" currently excluded from disclosure in the accounting domain but included in the marketing domain usually as a constituent part of brand equity. That exclusion is based on the 'uniqueness' of a brand and an inability to separate brand assets from the other assets of a business. However, we show that it is actually 'additivity', or the lack thereof, which is the principle reason for the exclusion of brand assets from financial statements. Whilst the paper is inevitably accounting biased, the subject matter is nevertheless of interest to those marketers who view brands as assets.
The importance of brand cues in intangible service industries: an application to investment services

Purpose – The puprose of this study is to empirically test the suggestion that branding is more important for services than for physical goods and that there is a direct relationship between the level of intangibility and the importance of branding.Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory study is employed using a scenario‐based repeated measures ANOVA design, wherein the degree of product intangibility is varied from high (mutual funds) to medium (hotels) to low (computers) through a survey distributed to 101 respondents.Findings – The results support the position that intrinsic brand cues are more important for highly intangible service purchases (mutual funds) than for purchases that are more tangible (hotels and computers). The results also reveal that extrinsic brand cues are less important in purchase decisions of highly intangible services.Research limitations/implications – This study answers a call for additional empirical research into the dynamics of services branding and its effects on con.
The Economic Organization of U.S. Broiler Production

Broiler production in the United States is coordinated almost entirely through systems of production contracts, in which a grower’s compensation is based, in part, on how the grower’s performance compares with that of other growers. The industry is undergoing a gradual structural change as production shifts to larger broiler enterprises that provide larger shares of an operator’s household income. Larger enterprises require substantially larger investments in broiler housing, and new or retrofitted houses are also an important source of productivity growth in the industry. This report, based on a large and representative survey of broiler operations, describes the industry’s organization, housing features, contract design, fees and enterprise cost structures, and farm and household finances.
Transition to a Modern Education System through e-Learning

All around the world, governments are using international benchmarking of education systems as the method to identify the top performing countries. After the world best education systems have been identified, they are used as models for the rest of the countries. This procedure has an obvious limitation: if the rankings are obtained assessing content and methods already established, these are perpetuated. New curriculum and methodologies are difficult to integrate into existing education systems. Research in the last two decades has shown the limitations of the current education systems and the need to incorporate new paradigms. However, the current method that the governments use to design their education systems makes the adoption of radically new paradigms a highly risky proposition. This paper reviews the limitations of the current education systems, in particular in the area of mathematics. It discusses a set of fundamental changes in curriculum and teaching methodology. Finally, it reviews the role of e-learning as an integral part of the transition from traditional education systems to modern systems.
The L3 of Brugia induces a Th2-polarized response following activation of an IL-4-producing CD4-CD8- alphabeta T cell population.

Lymphatic filariasis in man is characterized by a profound bias in the immune response. Parasite-specific Th1 responses are dramatically down-regulated while Th2 responses dominate. We have used the infective larval stage of the nematode parasite Brugia pahangi, a potent Th2 inducer in naive mice, to examine cytokine production during the initiation phase of the response. For comparative purposes, the early cytokine transcription pattern elicited by microfilariae (mf), another life cycle stage of the parasite known to induce a primary Th1 response, was analysed in parallel. At 24 h post-infection (p.i.) a burst of IL-4 transcription was detected in the draining popliteal lymph node of L3-infected animals. IL-4 was the only cytokine transcript detectable at this early time point and was not present in mf-infected mice. From day 4 p.i. onwards, the L3 elicited a Th2 response as defined at the level of cytokine mRNA and protein production by CD4+ cells. In contrast, mf stimulate high levels of IFN-gamma mRNA at day 4 p.i. in the absence of IL-4 or IL-10 induction. Cell selection analysis indicated that IL-4 produced at 24 h derived from a population of CD4-CD8- alphabeta T cells. These results suggest that triggering of an unusual double-negative T cell population to secrete IL-4 at the very outset of infection with the L3 of B. pahangi may be the critical factor favouring the development of antigen-specific Th2 cells in response to this stage of the parasite.
Endosymbiosis and its implications for evolutionary theory

Historically, conceptualizations of symbiosis and endosymbiosis have been pitted against Darwinian or neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory. In more recent times, Lynn Margulis has argued vigorously along these lines. However, there are only shallow grounds for finding Darwinian concepts or population genetic theory incompatible with endosymbiosis. But is population genetics sufficiently explanatory of endosymbiosis and its role in evolution? Population genetics “follows” genes, is replication-centric, and is concerned with vertically consistent genetic lineages. It may also have explanatory limitations with regard to macroevolution. Even so, asking whether population genetics explains endosymbiosis may have the question the wrong way around. We should instead be asking how explanatory of evolution endosymbiosis is, and exactly which features of evolution it might be explaining. This paper will discuss how metabolic innovations associated with endosymbioses can drive evolution and thus provide an explanatory account of important episodes in the history of life. Metabolic explanations are both proximate and ultimate, in the same way genetic explanations are. Endosymbioses, therefore, point evolutionary biology toward an important dimension of evolutionary explanation.
Pathogenesis of parathyroid dysfunction in end-stage renal disease.

The parathyroid functions to maintain normal calcium and phosphate homeostasis and is central to normal bone physiology. In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), there is a failure of these normal homeostatic mechanisms with the frequent development of secondary hyperparathyroidism, which contributes to the pathogenesis of renal bone disease. The phosphate retention of ESRD, together with the reduced serum calcium and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol vitamin D(3) (1,25[OH](2)D(3)) concentrations are the known factors that determine the progression to secondary hyperparathyroidism. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) markedly decreases parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene transcription, whereas the effects of calcium and phosphate are on PTH mRNA stability, PTH secretion, and parathyroid cell proliferation. The mechanisms of these effects are discussed in this review.