Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time course of transmitter action at the sympathetic neuroeffector junction in rodent vascular and non‐vascular smooth muscle.

1. Transmitter release from sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals innervating the guinea‐pig and mouse vas deferens and the rat tail artery has been studied in vitro by focal extracellular recording with particular emphasis on the time course of transmitter action underlying the intracellular potential changes. 2. In the absence of stimulation, spontaneous excitatory junction currents (SEJCs) were recorded with amplitudes up to 500 microV and durations between 40 and 100 ms. SEJCs were unaffected by the competitive alpha‐adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin but blocked by alpha, beta‐methylene ATP which desensitizes P2‐purinoceptors. 3. During trains of supramaximal stimuli at 0.1‐4 Hz stimulus locked excitatory junction currents (EJCs) were evoked intermittently from the population of varicosities located under the suction electrode. 4. SEJCs were similar in amplitude and time course to EJCs evoked by low‐frequency stimulation in the same attachment in all three tissues. 5. SEJCs recorded using either a conventional AC amplifier or a patch clamp amplifier had the same time course. 6. These studies show that the time course of the current underlying the excitatory junction potential is brief and essentially the same in three different tissues. The prolonged time course of the excitatory junction potential in different tissues can be accounted for by the passive membrane properties.
Latent infections induced by herpes simplex viruses.

Our results were predicted by a general hypothesis [discussed in detail elsewhere (6, 7)] for the pathogenesis of recurrent herpetic disease in humans. To summarize, pri mary infection in man is postulated to result initially in viral replication in epithelial cells, with subsequent invasion of superficial nerve endings. The virus would then travel centripetally in sensory nerves, ultimately reaching ganglia, where it would induce a latent infection. Upon "activation," the virus would travel centrifugally in the nerve trunk to the epithelium where vesicles are produced. Between exacerba tions of clinically apparent disease, the virus could be maintained in ganglionic cells by alternative mechanisms which Roizman (7) has designated the "dynamic state" and the "static state" hypotheses. According to the dynamic state hypothesis, latent infection would be maintained by continued replication of a small but constant amount of infectious virus in one or several types of ganglionic cell. Extension of the infection would be inhibited by the presence of circulating antibody, specific immune lym phocytes and, possibly, Interferon. In the static state hypothesis, herpes simplex virus would be maintained in "virogenic" cells, with complete viral replication reversibly interrupted at an early stage in the cycle. As is noted below, our present results are consistent with the static state hypothesis.
Normas de associação livre para 200 palavras de diferentes níveis de concreteza

Este artigo apresenta uma base de dados de normas de associacao de palavras desenvolvida para investigacao experimental em psicologia. Ele contem normas de associacao livre para 200 palavras na lingua portuguesa variando em termos de concreteza recolhidas com um grupo 108 falantes do portugues europeu. Aos participantes era pedido que escrevessem para cada palavra alvo a primeira palavra que esta lhes fazia lembrar. A parte principal do artigo contem uma lista de todas as respostas associativas e sua frequencia para cada uma das 200 palavras alvo. Estas normas sao uteis para investigadores e estudantes em muitos campos da psicologia, especialmente para o estudo da linguagem e da memoria, onde o grau de associacao entre pares de palavras e muitas vezes uma variavel importante.
Unmutated Ig VH Genes Are Associated With a More Aggressive Form of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Despite having several characteristics of naı̈ve B cells, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells have been shown in some cases to have somatically mutated Ig variable region genes, indicating that the cell of origin has passed through the germinal center. A previous study of patients with CLL found an association between lack of somatic mutation and trisomy 12 and, therefore, possibly with a less favorable prognosis. We have sequenced the Ig VH genes of the tumor cells of 84 patients with CLL and correlated our findings with clinical features. A total of 38 cases (45.2%) showed H 98% sequence homology with the nearest germline VH gene; 46 cases (54.8%) showed G2% somatic mutation. Unmutated VH genes were significantly associated with V1-69 and D3-3 usage, with atypical morphology; isolated trisomy 12, advanced stage and progressive disease. Survival was significantly worse for patients with unmutated VH genes irrespective of stage. Median survival for stage A patients with unmutated VH genes was 95 months compared with 293 months for patients whose tumors had mutated VH genes (P 5 .0008). The simplest explanation is that CLL comprises 2 different diseases with different clinical courses. One, arising from a memory B cell, has a benign course, the other, arising from a naı̈ve B cell, is more malignant. r 1999 by The American Society of Hematology.
Anterior Versus Posterior Approach for Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Systematic Review

Study Design. Systematic review. Objective. We performed a systematic review to determine the comparative effectiveness and safety profiles of anterior versus posterior decompression procedures for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Summary of Background Data. CSM is a common cause of neurological dysfunction. It is well established that surgical decompression of the cervical spinal cord is an effective treatment option for CSM. Because of the lack of well-designed prospective studies, there remains a lack of consensus whether multilevel spondylotic compression is best treated via an anterior or posterior surgical route and whether one of these surgical approaches is superior in terms of patient outcomes and/or complication profiles. Methods. We conducted a systematic search for literature published through September 2012. We sought to identify comparative studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials, cohort studies) comparing anterior with posterior procedures in patients with 2-level or greater cord compression resulting in CSM. Standardized mean differences were calculated to allow comparisons of the change (i.e., improvement or decline) in scores between anterior and posterior surgical procedures by study. Clinical recommendations were made through a modified Delphi approach by applying the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation)/AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) criteria. Results. We identified 8 level III retrospective cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria from a total of 135 possible studies for review. With regard to effectiveness between the 2 approaches, improvements in JOA (Japanese Orthopaedic Association) scores were similar, whereas canal diameter change was larger after posterior surgery. With regard to safety, postoperative C5 palsy rates were similar, infection rates were lower with anterior surgery, and dysphagia rates were lower with posterior surgery. Conclusion. This systematic review demonstrates that, for both effectiveness and safety, there is no clear advantage to either an anterior surgical approach or a posterior surgical approach when treating patients with multilevel CSM. With that, a surgical strategy developed on a patient-to-patient basis should be used to achieve optimal patient outcomes. In addition, development of a consensus for standardized reporting of outcome measures and complication profiles would facilitate improved comparisons across differing treatment centers and surgical techniques. Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations. Recommendation. We recommend an individualized approach when treating patients with CSM accounting for pathoanatomical variations (ventral vs. dorsal, focal vs. diffuse, sagittal, dynamic instability) because there are similar outcomes between the anterior and posterior approaches with regard to effectiveness and safety. Overall Strength of Evidence. Low Strength of Recommendation. Strong
Hemispheric Differences in Object Identification

Although the right hemisphere is thought to be preferentially involved in visuospatial processing, the specialization of the two hemispheres with respect to object identification is unclear. The present study investigated the effects of hemifield presentation on object and word identification by presenting objects (Experiment 1) and words (Experiment 2) in a rapid visual stream of distracters. In Experiment 1, object images presented in the left visual field (i.e., to the right hemisphere) were identified with shorter display times. In addition, the left visual field advantage was greater for inverted objects. In Experiment 2, words presented in the right visual field (i.e., to the left hemisphere) under similar conditions were identified with shorter display times. These results support the idea that the right hemisphere is specialized with regard to object identification.
Low-noise high-speed Si nanowire field-effect transistors: Recent advances and opportunities in biosensor applications

This paper gives an overview of several approaches utilizing new parameters and effects, which may be useful for improving the calibration and functionality of nanowire (NW) field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors. We discuss the basic principles of high-speed low-noise Si NW FETs for biosensor applications. We explain the results of a capacitance coupling effect as a consequence of liquid-gate and back-gate control of channel conductivity for the registration of small extracellular signals corresponding to neuron-firing pulses extracted from background noise. Improved interface properties between the neuron and nanowires compared with flat large-area FETs were confirmed by studies using focused ion beam cuts. Characteristic times and frequencies related to single trap phenomena were classified as parameters for biosensing applications.
Title Effect of intentional bias on agency attribution of animatedmotion : an event-related FMRI study

Animated movements of simple geometric shapes can readily be interpreted as depicting social events in which animate agents are engaged in intentional activity. However, the brain regions associated with such intention have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, intentional bias was manipulated using shape and pattern animations while measuring associated brain activity using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-five higher-intention involved and twenty-five lower-intention involved animations were presented to participants. Behavioral results showed that the degree of agency attribution of the mental state increased as intentional involvement increased. fMRI results revealed that the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), premotor, temporal pole, supramarginal gyrus, and superior parietal lobule (SPL) were activated while participants viewed the high-intention animations. In contrast, occipital, lingual, and middle frontal gyri were activated while the participants viewed the lowintention animations. These findings suggest that as agent attribution increases, the visual brain changes its functional role to the intentional brain and becomes a flexible network for processing information about social interaction. Citation: Osaka N, Ikeda T, Osaka M (2012) Effect of Intentional Bias on Agency Attribution of Animated Motion: An Event-Related fMRI Study. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49053. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0049053 Editor: Mark W. Greenlee, University of Regensburg, Germany Received June 11, 2011; Accepted October 4, 2012; Published November 14, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Osaka et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by a research grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22220003) to NO. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: nosaka@bun.kyoto-u.ac. jp
A Neural Network System for Transformation of Regional Cuisine Style

We propose a novel system which can transform a recipe into any selected regional style (e.g., Japanese, Mediterranean, or Italian). This system has three characteristics. First the system can identify the degree of dietary style mixture of any selected recipe. Second, the system can visualize such dietary style mixtures using barycentric Newton diagrams. Third, the system can suggest ingredient substitutions through an extended word2vec model, such that a recipe becomes more authentic for any selected dietary style. Drawing on a large number of recipes from Yummly, an example shows how the proposed system can transform a traditional Japanese recipe, Sukiyaki, into French style.
A BAR-Domain Protein SH3P2, Which Binds to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate and ATG8, Regulates Autophagosome Formation in Arabidopsis[C][W]

This work identifies SH3P2 as a novel regulator of autophagy and provides a conserved model for autophagosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis. Autophagosome-related structures, such as isolation membranes and ER-derived omegasome-like structures, are characterized and SH3P2 is shown to bind to PI3P and regulate autophagosome formation via the association with the PI3K complex and ATG8. Autophagy is a well-defined catabolic mechanism whereby cytoplasmic materials are engulfed into a structure termed the autophagosome. In plants, little is known about the underlying mechanism of autophagosome formation. In this study, we report that SH3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN2 (SH3P2), a Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs domain–containing protein, translocates to the phagophore assembly site/preautophagosome structure (PAS) upon autophagy induction and actively participates in the membrane deformation process. Using the SH3P2–green fluorescent protein fusion as a reporter, we found that the PAS develops from a cup-shaped isolation membranes or endoplasmic reticulum–derived omegasome-like structures. Using an inducible RNA interference (RNAi) approach, we show that RNAi knockdown of SH3P2 is developmentally lethal and significantly suppresses autophagosome formation. An in vitro membrane/lipid binding assay demonstrates that SH3P2 is a membrane-associated protein that binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. SH3P2 may facilitate membrane expansion or maturation in coordination with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex during autophagy, as SH3P2 promotes PI3K foci formation, while PI3K inhibitor treatment inhibits SH3P2 from translocating to autophagosomes. Further interaction analysis shows that SH3P2 associates with the PI3K complex and interacts with ATG8s in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereby SH3P2 may mediate autophagy. Thus, our study has identified SH3P2 as a novel regulator of autophagy and provided a conserved model for autophagosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis.
Stop Consonant Recognition by Temporal Fine Structure of Burst

The automatic classification of the unvoiced stop consonants is widely considered as a difficult task for traditional frequency domain and even time-frequency methods. Main reason for this is their short duration and diverse temporal structure. In this paper we present a novel method for stop consonant recognition. The method is based on statistical properties of short temporal fine structure of burst part. Classification is also evaluated with simple frequency domain method.
Anticonvulsant Action of Isopropyl Alcohol.∗

Summary Analyses of blood isopropyl alcohol and blood acetone in relation to elevation of cortical threshold to electric stimulation suggest that the alcohol itself is responsible for the anticonvulsant effect. The ketonemia, nonetheless, may contribute a share. Other secondary and tertiary alcohols (2-butanol, 3-pentanol, and 2-methyl-2-butanol) effectively raised the cortical threshold, with or without acetonemia. Isopropyl alcohol was capable of antagonizing metrazol and thujone convulsions but was not effective against picrotoxin seizures.
The Kim Test

Background Detection of a posteroinferior labral lesion by physical examination is often difficult. Purpose To introduce a novel diagnostic test for detecting a posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder. Hypothesis The Kim test can detect a posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder. Study Design Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 1. Methods In 172 painful shoulders, the Kim test was compared with the jerk test and was verified by arthroscopic examination. A sudden onset of posterior shoulder pain and click with or without clunk indicated a positive test result. Results Thirty-three shoulders had a positive Kim test result, in which 24 had a posteroinferior labral lesion and 9 had a normal posteroinferior labrum. Of 139 shoulders with a negative Kim test result, 6 had a posteroinferior labral tear and 133 had a normal posteroinferior labrum. The sensitivity of the Kim test was 80%, specificity was 94%, positive predictive value was 0.73, and negative predictive value was 0.96. The interexaminer reliability between 2 examiners was 0.91. The accuracy of the jerk test in detecting a posteroinferior labral lesion was the following: sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 98%; positive predictive value, 0.88; and negative predictive value, 0.95. The location of the posterior labral lesion was predominantly posterior in 19 shoulders and predominantly inferior in 11 shoulders. The Kim test was more sensitive in detecting a predominantly inferior labral lesion, whereas the jerk test was more sensitive in detecting a predominantly posterior labral lesion. The sensitivity in detecting a posteroinferior labral lesion increased to 97% when the 2 tests were combined. Conclusion The Kim test is a reliable diagnostic test for detection of a posteroinferior labral lesion.
Scalability & performances evaluation of LOCARN: Low Opex and Capex Architecture for Resilient Networks

This paper proposes LOCARN: an alternative network architecture providing a packet connectivity layer, which is able to self-adapt its routing paths to both the effective traffics fluctuations and network resources changes. Moving close to a global maximization of available resources usage and assuming high resiliency under failures, this radical architecture focuses on architectural components coupling simplicity and plug-and-play guidance. Through analysis and computer simulation, several performance metrics focusing on scalability are evaluated.
Does Empowerment Maximisation Allow for Enactive Artificial Agents?

The enactive AI framework wants to overcome the sense-making limitations of embodied AI by drawing on the bio-systemic foundations of enactive cognitive science. While embodied AI tries to ground meaning in sensorimotor interaction, enactive AI adds further requirements by grounding sensorimotor interaction in autonomous agency. At the core of this shift is the requirement for a truly intrinsic value function. We suggest that empowerment, an information-theoretic quantity based on an agents embodiment, represents such a function. We highlight the role of empowerment maximisation in satisfying the requirements of enactive AI, i.e. establishing constitutive autonomy and adaptivity, in detail. We then argue that empowerment, grounded in a precarious existence, allows an agent to enact a world based on the relevance of environmental features in respect to its own identity.
Isu-isu dan masalah adaptasi antarabudaya dalam kalangan pelajar Malaysia di United Kingdom dan Australia

Kajian ini menerokai proses adaptasi antarabudaya yang dilalui oleh pelajar sarjana dan PHD daripada Malaysia yang melanjutkan bidang pengajian di Australia dan United Kingdom. Kajian ini telah memfokuskan hanya kepada elemen kejutan budaya dan proses penyesuaian di dalam Model Lekuk U oleh Lsygaard (1955). Kajian ini turut memberi fokus kepada cabaran sebagai seorang Muslim dan juga isu-isu yang dihadapi oleh pelajar Malaysia di luar negara. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauhmana para pelajar ini mampu mengadaptasi diri mereka dan apakah cabaran yang dilalui sebagai seorang pelajar yang datang daripada budaya yang berbeza. Kajian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan kajian kumpulan fokus. Para pelajar Malaysia didapati menghadapi cabaran sosial, persekitaran dan mengadaptasi diri sebagai seorang Muslim.
The effects of space allowance on egg yield, egg quality and plumage condition of laying hens in battery cages

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cage stocking density on egg yield, some egg quality traits and plumage condition in laying hens. Eighteen weeks-old 264 ISA-Brown pullets were divided into four cage density groups. The densities were 2 000, 1 000, 667 and 500 cm2 per hen (by allocating 1, 2, 3 and 4 hens per cage; floor area 40 × 50 cm) with 48, 30, 24 and 21 replicate cages, totally 123 three-tier battery cages. During the experimental period from 18 to 53 weeks of age, all birds were provided illumination for 16 hours a day. The hens were fed a diet containing 11.7 MJ ME/kg and 180 g CP during the period of 18 to 40 weeks of age and 11.3 MJ ME/kg and 170 g CP during the period of 41 to 54 weeks of age. Feed and water were available for ad libitum. Egg yield, mortality, live weights at 50% egg production age and at the end of experiment, pecking related mortalities, some egg quality traits and plumage condition were recorded weekly. Hen-housed egg production, egg mass, viability, and live weights were significantly decreased by higher densities. Most of the egg quality traits were not affected by cage densities. Pecking related mortalities increased in cage densities of 667 cm2 and 500 cm2 per hen compared to the other densities (P < 0.05) while plumage scores were higher in all body parts of hens kept in cages of 2 000 cm2 and 1 000 cm2 densities compared to the higher densities. The results showed that brown laying hens should be kept in cages having 1 000–2 000 cm2 densities in order to improve their welfare and performance.
System for multiple projector-based tiled video playbacks

To obtain large scale displays tiled video projections are often used. In this paper we present a system for planar tiled video projection based on client server architecture. The system performs following actions: projector calibration, video transformation and video playback. To perform above actions several problems have to be addressed. Calibration of multiple projectors is based on automatic computing of spatial relations between projecting surface plane and each projector image plane using predefined calibration patterns. Transformation of video includes geometric transformation using homography matrices and lighting correction to achieve smooth transitions between each projector image. Finally, videos from all projectors have to be synchronized. In the current client server architecture, a single client performs off-line calibration, video transformation and distribution to clients. The server synchronizes all video playbacks on arbitrary number of clients and the process is designed to be hardware and software independent. Each client handles storage and playback of transformed video. Current implementation of the system performs computationally intensive video processing on a multi-core CPU or NVIDIA GPUs. The system development has been done on several platforms including OpenCV, QT and CUDA.