Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mucin-type O-glycosylation controls pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells via Wnt receptor endocytosis

ABSTRACT Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into a range of cell types during development, and this pluripotency is regulated by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Mucin-type O-glycosylation has been suggested to be a potential factor in the control of ESC pluripotency, and is characterized by the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to serine or threonine residues of membrane-anchored proteins and secreted proteins. To date, the relationship between mucin-type O-glycosylation and signaling in ESCs remains undefined. Here, we identify the elongation pathway via C1GalT1 that synthesizes T antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc) as the most prominent among mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications in ESCs. Moreover, we show that mucin-type O-glycosylation on the Wnt signaling receptor frizzled-5 (Fzd5) regulates its endocytosis via galectin-3 binding to T antigen, and that reduction of T antigen results in the exit of the ESCs from pluripotency via canonical Wnt signaling activation. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism that modulates Wnt signaling and, consequently, ESC pluripotency. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Mucin-type O-glycosylation regulates mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency by directly modulating the endocytosis of the Wnt receptor frizzled-5, finely tuning the Wnt signaling outcome.
Discrimination of Sugarcane Varieties by Remote Sensing: A Review of Literature

Remote sensing techniques by satellite imagery have been widely applied in various fields of agrarian sciences due to allowing real-time information, allowing data retention in a given region without the need for displacement, avoiding costs, and also enabling the creation of more efficient methods for the task of monitoring crops. In special to remote sensing applied to sugarcane varietal identification, the possibility of discrimination among the varieties is important due to allows the monitoring of the crop growth concerning characteristics by plants, measures controls, and the preservation of copyright of developed varieties. Among the researches involving studies with sugar cane regarding varietal identification, the purpose of the paper implies to present a review of the literature, conferring methods, and checking state of the art about the subject of discrimination of sugarcane varieties by remote sensing.
GaN Vertical-Channel Junction Field-Effect Transistors With Regrown p-GaN by MOCVD

We report an experimental demonstration of GaN-based vertical-channel junction field-effect transistors (VC-JFETs). A p-GaN regrowth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and a subsequent self-planarization process were developed to fabricate the GaN VC-JFETs. Fin-like channel regions were patterned by electron beam lithography (EBL) and aligned to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane. The electrical properties of lateral and vertical p-n junctions were characterized to verify the effectiveness of the p-GaN regrowth. Both VC-JFETs with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane channels show decent gate modulation. We further discussed important factors that may affect the device performance including interfacial impurities and nonuniform acceptor distribution. This work highlights the successful demonstration of GaN VC-JFETs and lateral p-n junctions by an etch-then-regrow process, providing valuable information and reference for the further development of GaN power electronics.
Leaflet thrombosis after valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case series.

Background Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) in degenerated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is an alternative to redo-SAVR. However, reports on leaflet thrombosis following ViV-TAVI are emerging and subclinical thrombosis has gained recent attention. Although the incidence of transcatheter heart valve (THV) thrombosis after TAVI for native aortic valve disease is low, current imaging studies suggest the incidence of subclinical THV thrombosis may be significantly higher. While anticoagulation strategies for THV patients for native aortic stenosis presenting with symptomatic obstructive thrombosis has been described, the optimal management and anticoagulation therapy of patients with THV thrombosis following ViV-TAVI are less evident. Case summary We report a case series of three patients presenting with early and late THV thrombosis after ViV-TAVI. Two patients presented clinically on single antiplatelet therapy and one patient presented with subclinical valve thrombosis whilst taking a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulation agent. Discussion Leaflet thrombosis after ViV-TAVI is an important cause of THV degeneration and may present subclinically. Imaging modalities such as serial transthoracic echocardiograms and multidetector computerized tomography aid diagnosis and guide management. Patient-individualized risk- vs. -benefit prophylactic post-procedural oral anticoagulation may be indicated.
Attention-based State Decoupler of Vibration Transmission in Multi-working Conditions of Rolling Bearings

Bearing fault diagnosis in multi-working conditions is one of the biggest challenges all the time. The paper proposed an attentional-based state decoupler of vibration transmission for rolling bearing fault diagnosis in multi-working conditions. The decoupler consists of three parts which are the vibration encoder, state-decoupling module and classification module. A vibration transmission graph of the smallest core-bearing rotating machinery model is embedded in the decoupling module. The decoupler is trained under one certain condition and tested under the others. The test results show that the proposed decoupler is capable of disentangling the vibration states and recognizing the bearing defects in condition of various loads and frequencies, with higher interpretability.
Priming with mindfulness affects our capacity to self-regulate brain activity?

Self-regulation (SR) is a vital adaptation process to environmental and social challenges. Indispensable in our growing hyper-technological and hyper-stimulative society. SR deficits are associated with diverse behavioral problems and mental disorders such as depression, rumination, distraction, anxiety, stress, and attention control. Neurofeedback Training (NFT) is one of the techniques to train brain self-regulation (BSR). In the current protocols, the benefits from NFT greatly differ between subjects, with a high percentage of inefficacy. Therefore, understanding how to prime self-regulation could be the key to unlock predictors and optimize the success of Neurofeedback modulation, and vice-versa. Literature hypothesizes that the “optimal” state of SR learning is reached when irrelevant associations between internal states and external reward are avoided, and when the learner stays engaged, focused and undistracted. Thus, suggesting a close relation to focused attention forms of mindfulness meditation (MM). As such, to promote this “optimal” self-regulation on an NFT protocol, we implemented a human-computer framework to assist the subject to voluntary modulate their brain activity. The assistance was done by priming the subject with mindfulness guided instructions right before the NFT. In conclusion, conducting this intervention was the first step to determine if priming with external neurostimulation would enhance Neurofeedback self-regulation.
Licensed Countrywide Full-Spectrum Allocation: A New Paradigm for Millimeter-Wave Mobile Systems in 5G/6G Era

The traditional static allocation of a portion of the licensed spectrum specified for a country to a mobile network operator (MNO) is no longer sufficient to address the required spectrum demand, as well as efficient to utilize the allocated spectrum. To overcome these constraints, i.e. to increase the spectrum availability and utilization, in this paper, we present a new paradigm for the spectrum allocation called licensed countrywide full-spectrum allocation (LCFSA) to allocate the licensed countrywide full 28 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum to each MNO of a country to operate its small cells per building subject to avoiding co-channel interference (CCI). Since most data is generated indoors, the countrywide full mmWave spectrum allocated to an MNO is considered reusing further to its in-building small cells. CCI avoidance in both the time-domain and frequency-domain is presented along with deducing the conditions for optimality. We derive average capacity, spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), and cost efficiency (CE) for LCFSA, and perform extensive numerical and simulation results and analyses for a country consisting of four MNOs. It is shown that LCFSA with both the time-domain and frequency-domain CCI avoidance schemes provide similar performance improvement in average capacity, SE, EE, and CE by about 296%, 164%, 75%, and 60% respectively for no interfering user equipments (UEs), whereas by about 59.2%, 6.1%, 37.2%, and 0.45% respectively for all interfering UEs with the frequency-domain CCI scheme. Moreover, it is found that the improvement in the above metrics does not change with the spectrum reuse factor (RF) and the number of buildings of small cells per macrocell ${L}$ , and the impact of interfering UEs can be compensated by adjusting RF. Finally, we show that LCFSA can satisfy the SE and EE requirements for sixth-generation (6G) systems by adjusting either RF or $L$ , or both.
A Comparative Test for Divergent Adaptation: Inferring Speciation Drivers from Functional Trait Divergence

Ecological differentiation between lineages is widely considered to be an important driver of speciation, but support for this hypothesis is mainly derived from the detailed study of a select set of model species pairs. Mounting evidence from nonmodel taxa, meanwhile, suggests that speciation often occurs with minimal differentiation in ecology or ecomorphology, calling into question the true contribution of divergent adaptation to species richness in nature. To better understand divergent ecological adaptation and its role in speciation generally, researchers require a comparative approach that can distinguish its signature from alternative processes, such as drift and parallel selection, in data sets containing many species pairs. Here we introduce new statistical models of divergent adaptation in the continuous traits of paired lineages. In these models, ecomorphological characters diverge as two lineages adapt toward alternative phenotypic optima following their departure from a common ancestor. The absolute distance between optima measures the extent of divergent selection and provides a basis for interpretation. We encode the models in the new R package diverge and extend them to allow the distance between optima to vary across continuous and categorical variables. We test model performance using simulation and demonstrate model application using published data sets of trait divergence in birds and mammals. Our framework provides the first explicit test for signatures of divergent selection in trait divergence data sets, and it will enable empiricists from a wide range of fields to better understand the dynamics of divergent adaptation and its prevalence in nature beyond just our best-studied model systems.
Temperature Regulation in Baby Chicks

At environmental temperatures below 25° C. baby chicks of one to 3 weeks of age huddle together when they are not eating. This procedure may decrease their loss of heat and is then to be regarded as a type of temperature regulation. As it would be a matter of a higher biological unit than the single animal, it could be classified as social temperature regulation. It would be superimposed on the individual regulation, within which Rubner distinguished the chemical regulation at low and the physical regulation at high environmental temperatures. The social temperature regulation would be physical in its nature but effective only at low environmental temperatures, that is, in the realm of the chemical regulation. In order to determine whether such a possible influence really exists, the fasting metabolism (24 to 36 hours after the last feed) of baby chicks was determined in groups of 10 individuals, which were allowed to come together in one trial and were separated by divisions of chicken wire in the next trial. With another group, the test was first made with the chicks separated, and was followed by the trial during which they were allowed to huddle together. At an environmental temperature of 14°-15° C, both groups showed a reduction of the metabolism of 15% as a result of huddling. In similar experiments conducted at a high environmental temperature (37.8° C.) however, the baby chicks have an even higher fasting metabolism when they are allowed to come together than when they are separated. This is shown in Table I, where the heat production determined in 12 hours during the night is calculated per 24 hours and per unit of the three-fourths power of the average body weight. These last experiments are in agreement with the studies of Benedict and coworkers on the influence of huddling on the metabolism as a possible source of error in respiration trials with groups of animals. They conclude that huddling together does not affect the heat production of mice or rats 1 or sheep. 2 These animals seem to have been tested above their critical temperatures, where they produce more heat than they need for maintaining their body temperatures, and where, consequently, a reduction of the metabolism by social temperature regulation cannot be expected. Our experiments indicate that huddling together may be a means of saving energy at low environmental temperatures.
A Systematic Literature Review of Computer Support for Surgical Interventions

Computer-assisted surgical procedures have become a major part of the development of robotics and medicine. These treatments can offer many benefits, such as a shorter recovery time, and improved quality and accuracy of diagnoses. We reviewed computer support literature for surgical interventions included in top peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Based on the review, we identify areas which are ready for computer support in surgical interventions and show future research needs-
Identifying Sources of Potential Bias When Using Online Survey Data to Explore Horse Training, Management, and Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review

Owner-reported behavioural observations form an essential part of the veterinarians’ diagnosis and treatment plan. The way we train and manage horses affects their behaviour and, in turn, their health and welfare. Current horse training and management practices are largely driven by traditional techniques and longstanding methodologies. These approaches generally lack an evidence base for evaluation purposes. The absence of evidence and evaluation contributes to the persistent use of risky practices and this, in turn, increases risk of potential harms for both horse and rider, and fuels questioning of the equine industry’s current social license to operate. Objective evidence is required to make training and management decisions based on demonstrable best practice. Large-scale experimental or intervention studies using horses are generally not practical because of the associated costs and logistics of gaining ethical approval. Small studies generally lack statistical power and are subject to the effects of many forms of bias that demand caution in the interpretation of any observed effects. An alternative to collecting large amounts of empirical data is the use of owner-reported observations via online survey. Horse owners are ideally placed to report on the domestic equine triad of training, management, and behaviour. The current article highlights three sources of potential bias in a systematic review of literature on large-scale online studies of horse owners’ observational reports that met the following selection criteria: English-language, published, peer-reviewed articles reporting on studies with over 1000 respondents and open access to the survey instrument. The online surveys were evaluated for three common forms of bias: recall, confirmation, and sampling bias. This review reveals that online surveys are useful for gathering data on the triad of horse training, management, and behaviour. However, current use of online surveys to collect data on equitation science (including horse training, management, and behaviour) could be improved by using a standardised and validated tool. Such a tool would facilitate comparisons among equine and equitation science studies, thus advancing our understanding of the impacts of training and management on horse behaviour. The authors of the current review suggest the use of a standardised behavioural and management assessment tool for horses. Such a tool would help define what constitutes normal behaviour within geographically disparate populations of horses, leading to improvements in rider safety and horse welfare.
Investigation of piezoelectric transducer application for vibrational energy harvesting in milling operation

The paper provides results of a performed FEA simulation analysis of piezoelectric ring-type transducer used for vibrational energy generated during milling operation harvesting. For this purpose, a COMSOL MultiphysicsR 3D model consisting of a tool holder encompassing piezoelectric transducer was created, which was used to evaluate resonant frequencies and voltage output of the piezoelectric transducer experiencing deformations from milling tool vibrations. The harvester 3D model used for simulations uses a simplified end milling tool which is subjected to axial, torsional and radial forces mimicking milling operation and leading to appearance of respective vibrations in the tool. Implemented tool holder is designed in such a way that torsional and radial vibrations excited in the tool are partially transformed to longitudinal vibrations that excite D33 type piezoelectric transducer. Throughout the FEA simulation analysis design parameters of the ring type piezoelectric generator have been studied in order to evaluate how they affect the transducers and the tool holder assemblies vibrational modes, voltage output from piezoelectric transducer has been evaluated as well. The performed investigation provides insight into application of piezoelectric transducer for the purpose of energy harvesting from vibrations excited in the milling tool during operation.
Inhibition of adherence and invasiveness of diarrheogenic E. coli to Hep 2 cells by Lactobacillus acidophilus DOM La

Objective To select a L. acidophilus strain which has potential to be used as vector for vaccine development of enteropathogens. Methods Hep 2 cell culture on cover slips were incubated with the bacteria to be tested for 3h at 37℃. After incubation the cover slips were fixed with formalia and stained with Giemsa stain for “Single Bacteria culture” and with Grams stain for “Duel Bacteria culture”. After that the specimen were examed microscopically. Fifty adhered cells were counted for “Bacteria Adherence Test”. For “Bacteria Invasion Test” the co culture (Hep 2 cells and bacteria) had to be cultivated for further 1h after the previous 3h incubation. There after 50 invaded cells were counted. Results Hep 2 cell adherence assay data showed that L. acidophilus DOM La had intensive adhesive ability to Hep 2 cell line. The mean number of adherence of it was 222.48±30.7 organisms/ Hep 2 cell. The thyA mutant derivative strain of it was isolated, named as DOM LaF84, which retained the activity to adherence. The Hep 2 cell adherence and invasiveness of entero SLTs producing and invasive E. coli F171 were reduced by L. acidophilus DOM La from 273.4 ±24.7 organisms/cells and 13.4±4.9 organisms/ cell to 65.3±13.1 organisms/cell and 6.82± 1.6 organisms/Hep 2 cell respectively. The Hep 2 cell adherence and invasiveness of enteroinvasive E. coli 8401 were also reduced by L. acidophilus DOM La from 269.2±26.5 organisms/cell and 34.0±5.3 organisms/cell to 70.7±14 0 organisms/cell and 6.82±2.9 organisms/cell. Conclusions Based on these results, we concluded that the L. acidophilus DOM La strain has unspecific inhibition effects on the invasiveness and adherence ability of diarrheogenic E. coli , which could be used as a basic feature for development of lactic bacterial vaccine vector system.
Low Polarization Dependent MQW Semiconductor Optical Amplifier with Tensile-Strained-Barrier Design for Optical Datacom and Telecom Networks

We present for the first time an in-depth numerical analyses on a strained-barrier InGaAs/InGaAs multi-quantum well (MQW) structure suitable to realize polarization insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed active layer consists of ternary InGaAs/InGaAs MQW structure with lattice-matched well layers surrounded by tensile-strained barriers. Using ternary materials makes the MQW epitaxial growth more straightforward compared to quaternary system. Additionally the advantage of this structure with respect to other types of MQW SOAs, is the use of matched well which makes it easier to adjust the operating wavelength of the SOA. By proper designing the strain level on the barrier one could achieve low PDG SOA for broadband communication wavelengths including C- and S-band. The polarization dependent gain (PDG) of SOA depends on the bias current level and signal wavelength. An MQW SOA with low PDG is designed for optical telecom and Datacom applications in the wavelength range of 1490 nm to 1550 nm. Results show that at biased current of 80 mA and 50 mA, a signal gain of 16 dB and 7 dB is achieved at 1500 nm wavelength, respectively, with a polarization sensitivity below 3-dB. These characteristics make this MQW SOA suitable candidate to be used in photonic integrated circuits.
Error Vulnerabilities and Fault Recovery in Deep-Learning Frameworks for Hardware Accelerators

Hardware accelerators such as GP-GPUs, Tensor Cores, and Deep-Learning Accelerators (DLA) are increasingly being used in real-time settings such as autonomous vehicles (AVs). In such deployments, any software errors and process failures in hardware systems can lead to critical faults in AVs. Therefore, assessing and mitigating hardware accelerator faults are critical requirements for safety-critical systems. Past work on this subject focused on simulated and injected software and hardware faults to understand and analyze the behavior of the software stack and the entire system. However, programming errors and process failures caused when using software frameworks must also be considered. In this paper, we present experiments which show that widely used deep-learning frameworks are vulnerable to programming mistakes and errors. We first focus on memory-related programming errors caused by applications using deep-learning frameworks that facilitate high-performance inferencing. We next find that a reset to recover from any fault imposes significant time penalties in reloading a pre-trained deep neural network model. To reduce these fault recovery times, we propose fault recovery mechanisms that checkpoint and resume the network based on the inference stage when an error is detected. Finally, we substantiate the practical feasibility of our approach and evaluate the improvement in recovery times11A demo video clip demonstrating our recovery algorithm has been uploaded to Youtube: https://www.youtube. com/watch? v=xwUYdJdA5oM. We use a case-study with real-world applications on an Nvidia GeForce GTX 1070 GPU and an Nvidia Xavier embedded platform, which is commonly used by multiple automotive OEMs.