Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of Kainate‐selective Glutamate Receptor Subunits in Glial Cells of the Adult Bovine White Matter

It is now well established that glial cells, like neurons, express a large variety of non‐NMDA glutamate receptors. However, knowledge about the subunits forming the receptors and the types of glial cells which express them is incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and distribution of kainate‐preferring glutamate receptor subunits in glial cells in the white matter of adult cattle. To this end, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis of mRNA extracted from the corpus callosum, fornix and optic nerve of brains of adult cattle was carried out using specific primers that allowed selective amplification of the kainate transcripts encoding the GluR5, GluR6, GIuR7, KAI and KA2 subunits. In the three areas studied, transcripts for all five subunits were detected. Restriction digestion of the amplified products confirmed the specificity of the PCR amplifications and showed that the extent of Q/R editing in the GluR6 subunit was lower than that described in the rat whole brain. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed that GluR5‐7 and KA2 subunits appeared in ‐50% of astrocytes and 40% of oligodendrocytes. In astrocytes the receptor subunits were located throughout the cell body and processes, whereas in oligodendrocytes they were mostly restricted to the soma. Double‐labelling studies demonstrated that in the white matter areas studied GluR5‐7 and KA2 subunits are coexpressed in the majority of macroglial cells endowed with kainate receptors. In addition, astrocytes, but not oligodendrocytes, expressing kainate‐selective receptors were found to possess the GluR1 subunit, an γ‐amino‐3‐hydroxyd‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit which has previously been found in this macroglial cell type. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the presence and molecular diversity of kainate‐selective receptor subunits in glial cells of the adult white matter and for their co‐expression with AMPA receptor subunits. The widespread distribution of kainate receptors in glial cells of the white matter suggests that these receptors may be important in axon‐to‐glia and/or glia‐to‐glia signalling.
An Improved Message Passing Schedule of BP-Based Decoding Algorithm for LDPC Codes

In this paper, we propose an optimized schedule called IRMP (Improved Row Message Passing) schedule, based on analysis of the existing message passing schedules. This type of schedule has changed the message updating order between variable and check nodes. In accordance with this schedule, an improved BP-Based decoding algorithm is proposed. Simulations show that, this algorithm has beaten the performance of BP-Based algorithms available in terms of error rate and number of iteration.
bcl-XS-induced Cell Death in 3 T 3 Cells Does Not Require or Induce Caspase Activation 1

Using a tetracycline-regulated expression system, we have shown that expression of bcl-XS is sufficient to induce acute cell death in 3T3 cells, and that the manner in which these cells die is both morphologically and biochemically different from Fas/CD95-induced apoptosis. bcl-XS expression causes loss of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential ( DCm) but does not induce caspase activation. Loss of viability, as determined by mitochondrial function and ethidium bromide exclusion, was not inhibited by the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk or by expression of a dominant negative caspase 9 (9DN). However, zVAD-fmk was efficacious in inhibiting cell death triggered by an activating anti-Fas/CD95 antibody. In addition, bcl-X S does not possess the 5 th and 6 a-helices (thought to be the membrane-spanning domains in bcl-2, bcl-XL, and bax) and, therefore, should not be able to form membrane channels, thus eliminating this possible mechanism of action. The finding that bcl-XS kills 3T3 cells without caspase activation, along with the absence of membrane spanning domains in bcl-XS, may, therefore, represent a novel cell death pathway for the pro-death bcl-2 family members.
Improved target tracking using regression tree in wireless sensor networks

Positioning and tracking of wireless devices in indoor environment is a challenging research problem. Accurate localization of a moving target is a fundamental requirement in Wireless Sensor Networks monitoring applications. In this paper, a novel location tracking algorithm which combines learning methods is proposed. In previous work, regression tree using received signal strength method is proposed to localize a static sensor node. This approach is employed in this paper to solve the complex relation between the received signal strength and the target position. Then, an ensemble of trees are applied leading to more accurate position of the moving target. The proposed algorithm has been experimentally evaluated using real measurement of a moving target in an office room. The performance results have been analyzed through a comparison with the standard regression tree and ordinary Kalman filter.
Robust stability criterion for Markovian jump systems with nonlinear perturbations and mode-dependent time delays

In this paper, the problem of delay-dependent stability of a class of uncertain Markovian jump systems with mode-dependent interval time-varying delay and nonlinear perturbations is considered using Lyapunov–Krasovskii (LK) functional approach. In the proposed stability analysis, by exploiting a candidate LK functional and by imposing tighter bounding on the cross-terms using minimal number of slack matrix variables, a less conservative delay-dependent stability criterion is presented in linear matrix inequality framework. The effectiveness of the proposed stability criterion over some of the recently reported results is demonstrated through standard numerical examples.
Intelligent system to support judgmental business forecasting: the case of estimating hotel room demand

Forecasting is an instrumental tool for strategic decision-making in any business activity. Good forecasts can reduce the uncertainty about the future and, hence, help managers make better decisions. Virtually all statistical forecasting techniques depend on the continuity of historical data and time series and may not predict a discontinuous change in the business environment. Often times, this discontinuity is known to managers who then must rely on their judgment to make forecast adjustments. We discuss the role of judgmental forecasting and take the problem of estimating future hotel room demand as a practical business application. Next, we propose IS-JFK: an intelligent system to support judgmental forecasting and knowledge of managers. To account for vagueness in the knowledge elicited from managers and the approximate nature of their reasoning, the system is built around fuzzy IF-THEN rules and uses fuzzy logic for decision inference. IS-JFK supports two methods for forecast adjustments: 1) a direct approach and 2) an approach based on fuzzy intervention analysis. Actual data from a hotel property are used in some case-scenario simulations to illustrate the merits of the intelligent support system.
Plug-and-Play Process Control: Improving Control Performance through Sensor Addition and Pre-filtering ⋆

An important issue in the area of reconfigurable systems is how to respond correctly if new components are added. We consider the problem of improving control performance for a system where a new set of sensors becomes available. It is assumed that a complete re-design of the control system is undesirable for various reasons. The sensor dynamics are unknown and must be identified via experiments. The paper demonstrates how new sensor information can be fused with existing sensor information and fed to the existing control system, either based on knowledge of the existing plant or in an entirely data-driven fashion. The method is illustrated on a numerical example.
The detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in cattle, sheep and goats and the possible implications to rinderpest control programmes

Summary Monoclonal antibody–based competitive ELISA (C–ELISA) have been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to both rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viruses in cattle, sheep and goats. Examination of serum samples from sheep and goats in Gambia, before and after vaccination with rinderpest vaccine, suggested that antibodies to PPR virus could prevent an immune response to the rinderpest vaccine. Cattle sera from Nigeria and Ghana showed a high prevalence of antibody against PPR virus which may explain the difficulty experienced in some countries in achieving high post-vaccination immunity levels against rinderpest. Because antibodies against PPR virus are both cross–neutralizing and cross-protective against rinderpest virus further vaccination in the presence of antibodies against PPR virus may be a waste of national resources. This paper presents serological evidence for the transmission of PPR virus from sheep and goats to cattle and highlights the need to include PPR serology in the sero-monitoring programme to give a better indication of national herd immunity.
Toluene di‐isocyanate‐induced asthma I. Reactions to TDI, MDI, HDI and histamine

A group of twenty‐four workers handling di‐isocyanates and with respiratory disease were investigated by occupational‐type bronchial provocation tests for sensitivity to toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI), to which all were exposed, and to diphenylmethane di‐isocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene di‐isocyanate (HDI). Sixteen gave asthmatic reactions to TDI and eight of these also reacted to MDI. Four of the eight TDI and MDI reactors had histories of exposure only to TDI, and of them two reacted also to HDI. Of nine subjects tested with HDI, three gave asthmatic reactions, and all three also reacted to TDI and MDI. Thus reactions to MDI and HDI were elicited only in the TDI reactors. The possibility of specific sensitivity to these and other di‐isocyanates requires tests in subjects exposed to them and not to TDI.
Synchronization Failures in a Chain of PLL Synchronizers

In digital transmission systems employing PLL repeaters, timing jitter is produced mostly by intersymbol interference (ISI). Despite the fact that IS1 represents a narrow-band disturbance to the PLL for a long chain of N repeaters, it is responsible for cycle slips of the PLL repeater. It is demonstrated that the cycle slip rate is the key parameter determining the error performance of the system. It is shown that the accumulated jitter for a large chain becomes a narrow-band process, which can be replaced by an equivalent low-pass jitter-noise process, which lends itself to analytical treatment. Numerical results of the cycle slip rate are given, based on the solution of a time-dependent Fokker-Planck equation. The results are useful for a wide range of loop transfer functions and phase-detector characteristics. The theoretical findings are confirmed by experimental results.
Effects of spironolactone on systolic blood pressure in experimental diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND Mineralocorticoid hormones, which maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure, are thought to be associated not only with the expression of renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), but also with that of intracellular mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs). The present study was designed to test whether the mineralocorticoid action of glucocorticoid corticosterone on renal MR is involved in the development of diabetes-associated hypertension by measuring the alterations of renal 11beta-HSD2. METHOD We measured the mean systolic blood pressure, renal 11beta-HSD1, and mRNA levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats that received spironolactone, insulin, or no treatment, and in nondiabetic controls that received spironolactone. RESULTS Four weeks after an injection of STZ, the renal 11beta-HSD2 and mRNA levels were significantly lower in diabetic rats than in control rats, and the mean systolic blood pressure was 14.8% higher in diabetic rats than in controls. Subcutaneous injections of spironolactone into diabetic rats for three weeks partially reversed the decrease in renal 11beta-HSD2 activity and gene expression, and prevented the mean systolic blood pressure elevation. Spironolactone treatment for one week also resulted in a significant reduction in mean systolic blood pressure during the development of diabetic hypertension. However, treatment with STZ did not significantly decrease the renal 11beta-HSD1 activity and mRNA expression, and spironolactone treatment did not exert a significant effect on this enzyme in STZ-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSION In the development of diabetes-induced hypertension, the effect of spironolactone on mean systolic blood pressure may be associated with the mineralocorticoid effects of corticosterone on renal MR, as well as an alteration of renal 11beta-HSD2 activity and its mRNA expression in insulin-dependent diabetic rats.
Accelerated onset of uterine tumors in transgenic mice with aberrant expression of the estrogen receptor after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol

The role of estrogen and the estrogen receptor (ER) in the induction and promotion of tumors was investigated by using transgenic MT‐mER mice, which overexpress the ER. It was hypothesized that because of this abnormal expression of the ER, the reproductive‐tract tissues of the MT‐mER mice may be more susceptible to tumors after neonatal exposure to the potent synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Normally non–estrogen responsive tissues that may have expressed ER as a result of the transgene were also studied for DES‐induced tumors. Wild‐type and MT‐mER littermates were treated with 2 μg/pup/d DES 1–5 d after birth and then killed at 4, 8, 12, and 18 mo of age. The DES‐treated MT‐mER mice demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma at 8 mo (73%) than the DES‐treated wild‐type mice (46%). The tumors of the MT‐mER mice were often more aggressive than those in the wild‐type animals. These tumors were also preceeded at 4 mo by a significantly higher incidence of the preneoplastic lesion atypical hyperplasia in the MT‐mER mice (26% compared with 0% in the wild‐type mice). Other DES‐induced abnormalities were observed at equal rates in the wild‐type and MT‐mER mice. Although no tumors were observed in untreated wild‐type females, a single untreated MT‐mER female had uterine adenocarcinoma at 18 mo. These data indicate that the level of ER present in a tissue may also be a determining factor in development of estrogen‐responsive tumors. Mol. Carcinog. 19:236–242, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is the public domain in the United States of America.
Biotechnologie-Gründungen im Ruhrgebiet: Eine vergleichende Analyse

Auch im Ruhrgebiet sind Anzeichen einer regionalen Haufung von Biotechnologie-Grundern zu beobachten. In qualitativer Hinsicht ist das Ruhrgebiet wenig attraktiv fur Grunder aus anderen Regionen und solchen mit hohem Innovationspotenzial. Das Ruhrgebiet hat bisher keine einzige Risikokapital-finanzierte Biotechnologie-Grundung. Deutschlandweit hingegen wird Risikokapital von jeder funften Biotechnologie-Grundung genutzt. Die bayerischen Biotechnologie-Regionen spielen dabei eine Vorreiterrolle. Das Ruhrgebiet verfugt kaum uber schnell wachsende junge Biotechnologie-Unternehmen. Die ubrigen Biotechnologie-Regionen in NRW schneiden vergleichsweise besser ab als das Ruhrgebiet. Bei den Indikatoren zum Unternehmenswachstum und dem Einwerben von Risikokapital sind sie im deutschlandweiten Vergleich sehr weit vorn positioniert.
Protein Phosphatases Triggering the Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of Greatwall

Entry into mitosis requires the coordinated activation of protein kinases and phosphatases that regulate key cell cycle components allowing entry, progression and exit of mitosis. The limiting step is thought to be the activation of both Cdk1-Cyclin B and Greatwall kinases. The former promoting phosphorylation of mitotic substrates when cells enter into mitosis and the latter inhibiting PP2A-B55, responsible for dephosphorylation of these substrates. Here, we summarize recent data on the regulation of Greatwall activity and reversal of mitotic substrates phosphorylation required for mitotic exit.
Adaptive distributed parameter systems identification with enforceable identifiability conditions and reduced-order spatial differentiation

Presents the synthesis of adaptive identifiers for distributed parameter systems (DPS) with spatially varying parameters described by partial differential equations (PDEs) of parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic type. The features of the PDE setting are utilized to obtain the not directly intuitive parameter estimation algorithms that use spatial derivatives of the output data with the order reduced from that of the highest spatial plant derivative. The tunable identifier parameters are passed through the integrator block, which forms their orthogonal expansions. The latter are shown to be pointwise plant parameter estimates. In this regard, the approach of the paper is in the spirit of finite-dimensional observer realization in integrating rather than differentiating the output data, only applied to the spatial rather than temporal domain. The constructively enforceable identifiability conditions, formulated in terms of the sufficiently rich input signals referred to as generators of persistent excitation, are shown to guarantee the existence of a unique zero steady state for the parameter errors. Under such inputs, the tunable parameters in the adaptive identifiers proposed are shown to converge to plant parameters in L/sub 2/ and the orthogonal expansions of these tunable parameters-pointwise.
Bidding for Ranking in Search Outcome List - A Heuristic-systematic Perspective

This study explores how consumers click the searched items in different placement on the searching outcomes list through search engine. Drawing from the heuristic-systematic information processing theory, we conduct a quasi-experiment to test the consumer ordinary searching behavior and click preference. The findings reveal that, for the product which consumers are familiar with, they are more likely to look for the most selfrelevant searched item; while for the products that consumers are not so familiar with, interestingly, they scan the searched items by sequence.
Ocular Surface Changes in Patients Treated with Oral Antidiabetic Drugs or Insulin

Purpose To describe and compare ocular surface changes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with either oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) or insulin. Methods Forty eyes of 20 patients treated with OAD, 40 eyes of 20 patients treated with insulin, and 10 nondiabetic controls seen at Ministry of Health Ankara Educational and Research Hospital, 1st Eye Clinic, were studied. All subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations, Schirmer test, tear film break-up time analysis, and conjunctival impression cytologic analysis. Patients treated with OAD or insulin and a control group were compared for tear function parameters, goblet cell density, and squamous metaplasia grade. The relation between status of retinopathy and ocular surface disorder and serum HbA1c levels of diabetic patients were also noted. Results The tear film break-up time values were significantly lower in patients treated with OAD (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Schirmer test results of the 3 groups. Goblet cell density and squamous metaplasia grade were similar in all groups. The median grade was grade 1, in which epithelial cells are slightly larger, more polygonal, have eosinophilic staining cytoplasm, and goblet cells are decreased in number. Status of retinopathy did not seem to relate to ocular surface disorder. The serum HbA1c level of diabetic patients treated with insulin or OAD was similar (p>0.05). Conclusions Precorneal tear film stability was worse in patients treated with OAD; however, impression cytology analysis and Schirmer test results were similar in all groups.
Automated knowledge derivation: Domain‐independent techniques for domain‐restricted text sources

This article provides a description of the major components of a system that builds and updates a knowledge base by extracting the knowledge from natural language text. the knowledge extraction is done in a domain‐independent manner and does not rely on particular vocabulary or grammar constructions. the only restriction is that the input text must be technical text from some specific problem domain. an important capability of the system is that it can bootstrap itself. That is, beginning with only a description of the types of object and relationships to be stored in the knowledge base, the system can start with an empty knowledge base and build the knowledge base as it processes the text. the knowledge extraction system's success in extracting knowledge from various input texts was evaluated using scoring metrics reported by Lehnert and Sundheim [AI Mag. , 12(3), 81–94 (1991)]. the initial results indicate that the knowledge extraction mechanism is both effective and independent of a particular author's writing style or a particular domain. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adaptive fault diagnosis observer design for a class of nonlinear system with model uncertainties

In this paper, we propose an adaptive fault diagnosis observer (AFDO) for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties. The AFDO, which estimates the faults in real time, is designed based on Lyapunov analysis. We design the adaptive fault estimation laws for AFDO by using the characteristics of output errors. Moreover, in order to handle the chattering problem, we modify the output error term to saturation term. And we add the e-modification term to handle the parameter drift, which also relaxes the assumption that the information about the upper bound of disturbancees is known prior. By Lyapunov analysis, we prove the uniform ultimately boundedness (UUB) of the system output error and unpredictable faults. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method through computer simulations.
Implementering av evidensbaserad omvårdnad hos fallriskpatienter genom standardiserade omvårdnadsplaner - en fallstudie

Bakgrund: Fallskador raknas idag som ett folkhalsoproblem som, forutom personens lidande, kostar kommuner och landsting ca 5 miljarder kronor per ar. En tidig riskbedomning liksom foljsamhet gentem .
The glucanosyltransferase Gas1 functions in transcriptional silencing

Transcriptional silencing is a crucial process that is mediated through chromatin structure. The histone deacetylase Sir2 silences genomic regions that include telomeres, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the cryptic mating-type loci. Here, we report an unsuspected role for the enzyme Gas1 in locus-specific transcriptional silencing. GAS1 encodes a β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase previously characterized for its role in cell wall biogenesis. In gas1 mutants, telomeric silencing is defective and rDNA silencing is enhanced. We show that the catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for normal silencing, and that Gas1's role in silencing is distinct from its role in cell wall biogenesis. Established hallmarks of silent chromatin, such as Sir2 and Sir3 binding, H4K16 deacetylation, and H3K56 deacetylation, appear unaffected in gas1 mutants. Thus, another event required for telomeric silencing must be influenced by GAS1. Because the catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for telomeric silencing, Gas1 localizes to the nuclear periphery, and Gas1 and Sir2 physically interact, we propose a model in which carbohydrate modification of chromatin components provides a new regulatory element that may be critical for chromatin function but which is virtually unexplored in the current landscape of chromatin analysis.