Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influência da Casa Familiar Rural de Altamira na adoção de experiências técnicas inovadoras por jovens do campo

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a influencia das praticas pedagogicas e os conhecimentos tecnicos transmitidos na Casa Familiar Rural de Altamira na disseminacao e adocao de tecnicas de producao pelos jovens educandos em suas unidades de producao rurais ou comunidades, verificando os resultados dessas acoes para o desenvolvimento local. A coleta de dados ocorreu atraves de questionarios e entrevistas semiestruturadas com alunos, pais e monitores da CFR de Altamira. Verificou-se que os aprendizados adquiridos na CFR influenciam na adocao de experiencias tecnicas inovadoras nas propriedades rurais dos educandos e em suas comunidades, sendo que os resultados obtidos com esses projetos foram considerados bons ou excelentes por pais e alunos, na maior parte dos casos, o que contribui para o desenvolvimento local
Cultivation and Chemical Composition of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and its Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogens

Microalgae are a group of unicellular or simple multicellular photosynthetic microorganisms and have been explored for their bioactive compounds and their extracellular products also possess with promising applications encompassing antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antialgal antiprotozoal and antiplasmodial activities [1-8]. They are divided into four groups (red, green, brown and blue green). This taxonomic group, not included in Plant kingdom but rather in the Protista kingdom, shows a high photosynthetic performance. So, algae can have a high reproductive potential and therefore can grow very fast. Now, humans can build a shining future to the next generations in different sectors of our daily life using microalgae for very different applications such as energy source, food, fertilizers, nutraceutical, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, aquaculture purpose and pollution control. The development in algal therapeutic research has made it possible now a days by their bioactive compounds which have been found effective against most of the pathogens [9-17]. The microalgae has immense application in specific to bioactive compounds derived from algae with proven beneficial and much more effective as compared with traditional treatment methods. Fatty acids isolated from Coelastrella spp. , R. violacea and Chlorella spp. were found active against human pathogens like S. aureus and low in S. pyogenes [18]. The production of microalgae biomass shows wide valuable uses, in the aquaculture, biotechnology, and food science, among others. However, microalgae show fluctuations in their chemical profile generated mainly by the culture conditions. The previous reports on the assessments of the effect was studied through nitrogen starvation and its totally depends on its growth, nutrient uptake, and gross chemical composition of two species viz. Chlorella spp. and Nannochloropsis oculata [19].
Statistical Wavelet Subband Modeling for Multi-Temporal SAR Change Detection

In the context of multi-temporal SAR change detection for earth monitoring applications, one critical issue is to generate accurate change map. A common method to generate change map is to apply logarithm to the ratio image. However, due to the speckle effect and without consideration of contextual information, it is usually not efficient for accurate change detection. In this paper, an unsupervised change detection method in wavelet domain based on statistical wavelet subband modeling is proposed. The motivation is to capture textures efficiently in wavelet domain. Wavelet transform is applied to decompose the image into multiple scales and probability density function of the coefficient magnitudes of each subband assumed to be Generalized Gaussian Distribution (GGD) and Generalized Gamma Distribution (G) are obtained by fast parameter estimation. Closed-form expression of Kullback-Leibler divergence between two corresponding subbands of the same scale is computed and used to generate the change map. This approach is comprehensively evaluated and compared using different parameter setting, different scales, window sizes and estimators. The proposed SAR change detection in wavelet domain shows promising results as texture can be better characterized in wavelet domain than in spatial domain. Through this study, we conclude that the accuracy depends heavily on the estimation methods although the model is important. Both parameter estimation for GGD based on shape equation and parameter estimation for G using method of log-cumulants (MoLC) in wavelet domain performs quite well.
Natural coumarins. VII. Isolation and structure of a new coumarin, peuruthenicin, from Peucedanum ruthenicum M.B.

Abstract The roots of the Bulgarian umbellifer, Peucedanum ruthenicum M.B. , yielded a novel naturally occurring coumarin, which was assigned the trivial name of peuruthenicin. It was identified as 6-carbomethoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin through both spectral (mass, NMR, IR. and UV) and chemical (degradative and synthetic) evidence. The latter consisted of alkaline hydrolysis to known umbelliferone-6-carboxylic acid (IV) and synthesis of peuruthenicin by methyl esterification of IV which had been obtained by chromate oxidation of marmesin.
Computational Design of Input Methods

Designing a user interface or input method requires to evaluate and trade-off many criteria. The corresponding design spaces are huge, making it impossible to consider every potential design. Therefore, my work focuses on the use of computational methods for the design of input methods. I follow a modelling-optimization approach: understand and model the characteristics of the interaction, formulate the design space and develop (multi-) objective functions to evaluate designs, and develop algorithms to systematically search for the best design. In my projects I applied this approach to develop better text entry methods. Among others, I modelled the performance and anatomical constraints of the hand to computationally optimize multi-finger gestures for mid-air input, and studied how people type on physical keyboards, in order to understand and model the performance of two-hand typing.
Systematic, Intensive Surface Collection

Abstract Archaeologists would agree that the cultural debris lying on the surface of a site in some way reflects what is buried below. However, few attempts have been made to discover just how closely one can predict from detailed knowledge of surface distributions what he will find if he digs. In October and November, 1968, surface collections based on statistical sampling techniques were made at two mounds in Diyarbakir Vilayet, Turkey. The tabulated data were put into the form of contour maps. We find that study of these maps, singly or in combination as overlays, suggests numerous hypotheses that can be formulated much more precisely than those deriving from the usual intuitive method based on simple inspection of the site surface. Soundings were made to test some of the major hypotheses. The results of the soundings plus subsequent statistical analyses suggest that intensive, systematic surface collection is an extremely useful technique for determining where to dig. It is also highly productive of testable hypotheses relevant to the total interpretation of the site.
The burst activity of different cell regions and intercellular co-ordination in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Eriocheir japonicus.

1. Various patterns of burst activity in the cardiac ganglion cells of the crab Eriocheir japonicus were observed by means of intracellular electrodes. 2. The pacemaker for burst initiation is located among small cells, and it induces small synaptic potentials in the large cells, increasing their excitability. The anterior large cells generate slow potentials by synaptic activation. 3. The slow potential is the spike generator. The anterior large cells are capable of initiating slow potentials in their own somata without synaptic activation from the small cell. 4. Non-synaptic maintained depolarization takes place in the anterior large cell membrane. The after-depolarization are cumulative and can develop the slow potential, leading to repetitive firing. 5. The posterior large cell is innervated by two pre-synaptic nerve fibres, one being the small pacemaker cell and the other the anterior large cell, showing that it is a follower. 6. Electrical interaction is present among ganglion cells. Positive feedback through electrical connexions is observed between large and small cells. 7. The cardiac ganglion of the crab has some features common and similar to those found in the ganglia of both the lobster and Squilla .
Dynamic in-network caching for energy efficient content delivery

Consider a network of prosumers of media content in which users dynamically create and request content objects. The request process is governed by the objects' popularity and varies across network regions and over time. In order to meet user requests, content objects can be stored and transported over the network, characterized by the capacity and energy efficiency of the storage and transport resources. The energy efficient dynamic in-network caching problem aims at finding the evolution of the network configuration, in terms of the content objects being cached and transported over each network element at any given time, that meets user requests, satisfies network resource capacities and minimizes overall energy use. We provide 1) an information-centric optimization framework for the energy efficient dynamic in-network caching problem, 2) an offline solution, EE-OFD, based on an integer linear program (ILP) that obtains the maximum efficiency gains that can be achieved with global knowledge of user requests and network resources, and 3) an efficient fully distributed online solution, EEOND, that allows network nodes to make local caching decisions based on their current estimate of the global energy benefit. Our solutions take into account the network heterogeneity, in terms of capacity, energy efficiency and content popularity, and adapt to changing network conditions minimizing overall energy use.
An efficient trajectory tracking control for tractor-trailer vehicle system

This article mainly presents a control method for an underactuated tractor-trailer vehicle, subject to the nonholonomic constraint, uncertain disturbance and various physical limits, which is aimed at receiving a good tracking performance. All in all, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and model predictive control (MPC) are used to design the posture controller to make the midpoint of two parallel plating wheels for the underactuated trailer follow an arbitrary reference trajectory given by earth-fixed frame, and sliding mode control (SMC) is introduced to design the dynamic controller for the tracking of the desired velocities produced by the posture controller. The simulation results validate the control strategy consisting of the MPC-based kinematic controller and the SMC-based dynamic controller is rather effective and efficient for the underactuated tractor-trailer vehicle, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controllers.
Crosstalk Reduction and Demodulation Stability Promotion in Inline Fiber Fabry–Pérot Sensor Array Using Phase Generated Carrier Scheme

An inline time-division multiplexing (TDM) fiber Fabry-Pérot sensor array based on the low-reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is promising for lots of sensing applications. The intrinsic multireflection (MR) between the FBGs with the same Bragg wavelength is a serious problem, which induces crosstalk and generates false detection information. Furthermore, the amplitude of the demodulated signal cannot reach a stable state due to the MR. Here, we presented a full theoretical demonstration of the MR-induced crosstalk fluctuation and demodulation instability, where the phase generated carrier method was used as the interrogation scheme. An interference synthesis method was presented to reduce the MR-induced crosstalk and to promote the demodulation stability simultaneously. The experimental results showed that a crosstalk reduction of 18 dB and a demodulation stability promotion of 1.42 dB could be achieved with the FBG reflectivity of 5%. The principle of the method can be extended to the array with more TDM channels.
EEMI – An Electronic Health Record for Pediatricians

The use of paper health records and handwritten prescriptions are prone to preset errors of misunderstanding instructions or interpretations that derive in affecting patients' health. Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems are useful tools that among other functions can assists physicians' tasks such as finding recommended medicines, their contraindications, and dosage for a given diagnosis, filling prescriptions and support data sharing with other systems. This paper presents EEMI, a Children EHR focused on assisting pediatricians in their daily office practice. EEMI functionality keeps the relationships among diagnosis, treatment, and medications. EEMI also calculates dosages and automatically creates prescriptions which can be personalized by the physician. The system also validates patient allergies. This paper also presents the current use of EHRs in Mexico, the Mexican Norm (NOM-024-SSA3-2010), standards for the development of electronic medical records and its relationships with other standards for data exchange and data representation in the health area.
A lentiviral system for efficient knockdown of proteins in neuronal cultures [version 1; referees: 2 approved]

We have devised a protocol for highly efficient and specific knockdown of proteins in neuronal cultures. Small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are embedded into a microRNA (miRNA) context by oligo annealing to create shRNAmiRs, which are expressed from within the 3′-UTR of a reporter protein. This reporter protein/synthetic miRNA cassette is transferred to a targeting vector and lentivirus is produced in HEK-293-T cells following co-transfection of the targeting vector with three additional vectors encoding essential lentiviral proteins. Mature virus is harvested by collecting culture medium from transfected HEK-293-T cells, the virus is purified by centrifugation, and virus titers are determined prior to addition to neuronal cultures. Near 100% transduction efficiency of cultured hippocampal neurons is routinely observed and allows for the population-wide inhibition of target protein expression and the simultaneous knockdown of multiple proteins with little or no toxicity. The lentivirus generated can be used for protein knockdown in multiple neuronal culture models and at a variety of developmental stages. The steps from shRNAmiR design to ready-to-use virus stocks can be completed in as little as two weeks.
Intérêt de la symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules dans la phytoremédiation des sols historiquement contaminés par les hydrocarbures : de la protection à la dissipation

La phytoremediaton assistee par les champignons mycorhiziens a arbuscules (CMA) compte parmi les methodes emergentes de remediation des sols pollues en raison de son adequation avec le developpement durable. Cette phytotechnologie presente un interet a la fois dans la protection des plantes contre la phytotoxicite des polluants organiques tels que les hydrocarbures et dans leur dissipation. Cependant, son efficacite reste a prouver dans les sols historiquement multi-pollues. De plus, les mecanismes de degradation et de tolerance mis en oeuvre par la symbiose mycorhizienne sont peu connus. Ainsi, ce travail de these avait pour premier objectif d'etudier chez les partenaires symbiotiques Medicago truncatula/Rhizophagus irregularis cultives in vitro, l'expression de genes potentiellement impliques dans la tolerance au benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), un hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique (HAP) de haut poids moleculaire frequemment detecte dans les sols pollues. Pour cela, les expressions de genes codant pour des enzymes antioxydantes, de detoxification des polluants et de reparation de l'ADN ont ete mesurees par PCR quantitative en temps reel. Nos resultats ont montre une correlation positive entre l'induction des systemes antioxydants au niveau genique et enzymatique et la production d' H₂O₂ induite par l'accumulation de B[a]P dans les racines non mycorhizees et le CMA. En revanche, lorsque les racines sont colonises par le CMA, celui-ci agirait comme une barriere physique en limitant l'accumulation de B[a]P et la production d'H₂O₂ dans les racines, et provoquerait la repression des systemes antioxydants racinaires. Le second objectifs de cette these a consiste a evaluer l'apport d'un amendement mycorhizien dans la degradation de deux types d'hydrocarbures : les HAP et les alcanes, present dans un sol historiquement multi-pollue (site de l'Union). L'etude a ete conduite en microcosmes en presence de ble (Triticul aestivum) inocule ou non par R. irregularis. Une contribution positive de cette inoculation dans la biodegradation des hydrocarbures apres 16 semaines de culture a ete demontree. Cette meilleure degradation serait liee notamment a la stimulation de la microflore bacterienne du sol mais egalement aux capacites metaboliques de la plante.
A Sag Compensator That Eliminates the Possibility of Inrush Current While Powering Transformer-Coupled Loads

Sags are the foremost power quality problem encountered by industrial consumers because they frequently cause the interruption of manufacturing processes, which can result in a significant economic loss. To resolve these problems, industrial consumers often install voltage sag compensators in critical industrial applications. However, these compensating topologies prove to be costly, and some take a few milliseconds to being operating when a sag occurs. The transformer, which is usually mounted in front of the critical load, is likely to be exposed to sag voltages during this time interval. As a result, when the compensator reinstates the load voltage, a serious magnitude of transient current begins to flow toward the sensitive load. This inrush current can either damage the equipment or activate the protection devices. In either case, the compensation will eventually fail. To eliminate the inrush current and to achieve seamless compensation for sensitive loads, we propose in this paper a sag compensator established on a customary current-regulated inverter. This compensator employs a current-regulating scheme using a stationary frame of reference to regulate the current for the load by connecting it to the secondary winding of the load transformer. We verify the operation of the proposed system through laboratory test results obtained under different possible sag types.
Morphology of atopic eczema

The routine examination of skin biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin and strained with hematoxylin‐eosin has failed to allow differentiation of atopic eczema from other types of eczematous dermatitis. The use of 1‐μm plastic‐embedded sections permits the recognition of in filtrating cell types and blood vessel alterations, thus allowing a refined method to examine cutaneous lesions and permit better definition of cutaneous structures than can be achieved in routinely‐processed specimens.
Adaptive Test for Periodicity in Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic Processes

This article is concerned with the periodicity testing problem in Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (ARCH) process. Adaptive locally asymptotically optimal test is derived, when the innovation density is unspecified but symmetric satisfying only some general technical assumptions, for the null hypothesis of classical ARCH process against an alternative of periodically correlated ARCH dependence. The main technical tool is LeCam's (1960) Local Asymptotic Normality (LAN) property. The LAN property of the central sequence is shown via the adapted sufficient Swensen's conditions (1985). The performance of the established test is shown via simulation studies.
“Men, Women, and Children Starving”: Archaeology of the Donner Family Camp

In spring of 1846, the George and Jacob Donner families and some 80 traveling companions began their overland trek to California. When the party ascended the Sierra Nevada in late October, a snowstorm forced the group to bivouac. At this point, the train became separated into two contingents; the larger party camped near Donner Lake and the smaller group—including the Donner families—settled at Alder Creek. Though written accounts from the Lake site imply many resorted to cannibalism, no such records exist for Alder Creek. Here we present archaeological findings that support identification of the Alder Creek camp. We triangulate between historical context, archaeological traces of the camp, and osteological remains to examine the human condition amid the backdrops of starvation and cannibalism. A stepped analytical approach was developed to examine the site’s fragmentary bone assemblage (n = 16,204). Macroscopic and histological analyses indicate that the emigrants consumed domestic cattle and horse and procured wild game, including deer, rabbit, and rodent. Bladed tools were used to extensively process animal tissue. Moreover, bone was being reduced to small fragments; pot polish indicates these fragments were boiled to extract grease. It remains inconclusive, however, whether such processing, or the assemblage, includes human tissue.
New Halogenated Water‐Soluble Chlorin and Bacteriochlorin as Photostable PDT Sensitizers: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Photophysics, and in vitro Photosensitizing Efficacy

Chlorin and bacteriochlorin derivatives of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(2‐chloro‐5‐sulfophenyl)porphyrin have intense absorptions in the phototherapeutic window, high water solubility, high photostability, low fluorescence quantum yield, long triplet lifetimes, and high singlet oxygen quantum yields. Biological studies revealed their negligible dark cytotoxicity, yet significant photodynamic effect against A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma) and SK‐MEL‐188 (human melanoma) cell lines upon red light irradiation (cutoff λ<600 nm) at low light doses. Time‐dependent cellular accumulation of the chlorinated sulfonated chlorin reached a plateau at 2 h, as previously observed for the related porphyrin. However, the optimal incubation time for the bacteriochlorin derivative was significantly longer (12 h). The spectroscopic, photophysical, and biological properties of the compounds are discussed in relevance to their PDT activity, leading to the conclusion that the bacteriochlorin derivative is a promising candidate for future in vivo experiments.