Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity and failure criteria implemented for the Partition of Unity Finite Element Method , applied to human femurs

Osteoporotic hip fractures represent a major health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality that involves approximately 29% of women and 18% of men over 45 years old. The annual cost related to this disease is estimated to be around e36.6 billion in Europe. Osteoporosis is defined by a lower bone mass density compared to the one a healthy young adult, resulting in a more fragile bone structure. Fracture risk assessment is normally performed by means of bone mass density analysis or using FRAX, an online tool based on epidemiological data combined with bone mass density analysis. These methods don’t account for the mechanics behind fracture process, while Finite Element Models do. The aim of this project is to address the fracture risk assessment issue by modifying and using the Partition of Unity Finite Element Method (PUFEM) code developed in FEAP (Finite Element Analysis Program) finite element solver for subject-specific bone models. In the previous version, just homogeneous material properties were defined and the failure criterion was a stress-based one. The FEAP code for PUFEM was modified allowing for a new material model specification and two new failure criteria. The new material model implemented allowed for the definition of heterogeneous material properties i.e. assign element-specific elastic moduli. The failure criteria added were a maximum principal strain and a strain energy density-based criteria. This new code was tested first on benchmark models and finally on three bone samples. The results were compared with the experimental data available for the three bone samples used in this project. The results from the new models showed a general better agreement with the experimental results with respect to the previous homogeneous stress based models.
NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN SOIL ORGANISMS NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN SOIL ORGANISMS

The soil is home to a vast number of bacteria and other microorganisms that must compete for resources in order to survive. This is often accomplished by the production of agents that inhibit the growth of competitors. It is not surprising then that soil bacteria, especially the actinomycetes, are responsible for the synthesis of a number of secondary metabolites that find use as antibiotics. This results in evolutionary pressure for the selection of resistance mechanisms to the numerous antibiotics present. The research described here examines the ability of five TetX orthologues inS. coelicolor to detoxify tetracycline. Although similar at the primary sequence level, none on these proteins possessed any tetracycline inactivation properties. Additionally, 36 bacterial isolates obtained from various soil samples were screened for resistance to tetracycline, Synercid, and daptomycin. An in vitro inactivation reaction utilizing cell lysates was coupled with a disk diffusion assay to identify resistant organisms capable of enzymatic antibiotic inactivation. A significant proportion of the isolates showed resistance to one or more of the antibiotics, and some novel mechanisms of resistance have been identified including unexpected enzymatic inactivation of the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin. These isolates, and the antibiotic detoxification reaction, were studied in greater detail using a variety of techniques. It is hoped that a greater understanding of this resistance mechanism and others in the soil will shed light on the type of resistance possible to be observed in a clinical setting.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Pech district

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is the main clinical and public health challenge in the world, in the wake of urbanization, excess energy intake, increased obesity, sedentary lifestyle and habits. MS leads to a 5-fold increase the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and 2 times the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the next 5 to 10 years. The aim of the research is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome syndrome in the Pech District according to NCEP ATD III / 2001. Material and methods: Cross sectional study was carried out at the General Hospital in Pec, which represents a regional hospital for the Pec District. A total of 1667 patients from the Pech district were interviewed for a period of one year. Results: In the group, MS was present in 506 patients. In the majority of cases, we found the systolic blood pressure condition ≥ 130 mmHg -99.4%, followed by diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmH-96.4%, elevated triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol / l- 94.7%, waist circumference> 88 cm in women-94.0% , increased glycemia ≥ 6.1mmol / L in 80.0%, waist circumference > 102cm in men-65.5%, HDL values ​​<1.03mmol / L in men - 56.9% and HDL values ​​<1.03mmol / L in females 51.5%. The mean value of systolic blood pressure in patients with MS is 151.1 ± 9.3 mmHg. The average value of diastolic blood pressure in patients with MS is 91.0 ± 4.7 mmHg. The average waist circumference of patients with MC was 103.6 ± 9.2 cm. The mean HDL of patients with MS is 1.1 ± 0.2 mmol / L. The average glycemic value in patients with MS is 6.5 ± 0.6 mmol / Average triglyceride value in patients with MS and is 2.5 ± 0.8 mmol / L. The most common in patients with MS is obesity / obesity - 70.8%, overweight is 27.8%, and 1.4% normal weight is registered. Conclusions: The prevalence of MS in the Pech district is 30.4% and was approximately as in Croatia 34% and Tetovo region with 28.25%, but it was dependent on the population and definitions used. The metabolic syndrome is one of the major public health problems, and a socioeconomic problem around the world and in Kosovo, too.
Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications of Transgenic Technology

A transgenic animal is a genetically modified species in which researchers have modified an existing gene or genes by genetic engineering techniques. Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Mouse is the most widely used mammalian species for creating transgenic lines. There are two types of transgenic animals: (i) gene deleted (“knock-out”) and (ii) gene overexpressed (“knock-in”). The loss or gain of gene activity often causes changes in a mouse's phenotype, which includes appearance, behavior and other observable characteristics. Knockout mice are key animal models for studying the role of genes which have been sequenced but whose functions have not been determined. They include constitutive knockouts (gene deleted since birth) and conditional knockout (gene turned off later after birth). The first knockout mouse was created in 1989 by Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies, for which they were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Transgenic mouse models have revolutionized the biomedical research and provided a power tool for understanding health and disease. Transgenic animals have been created for bulk production of biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. In 2009, the FDA approved the first human biological drug ATryn, an anticoagulant extracted from the transgenic goat's milk. The recently discovered CRISPER gene editing technology is providing new frontiers in correcting abnormal genes and hopefully provide cures for genetic diseases in the future.
Study the Best PenTest Algorithm for Blind SQL Injection Attacks

There are several types of SQL injection attacks. One of the most popular SQL Injection Attacks is Blind SQL. This attack is performed by exploiting a gap in the database server when executing query words. If the server responds to an invalid query, the attacker will then reverse the engineering part of the SQL query, which is obtained from the error message of the server. The process of generating a blind SQL injection attack is complicated. As a result, a Pentester often requires a long time to penetrate the database server. This research provides solutions to the problems above by developing the automation of a blind SQL injection attack. The method used in this research is to generate keywords, such as the database name and table name so that the attacker can retrieve information about the user name and password. This research also compares several search algorithms, such as linear search, binary search, and interpolation search for generating the keywords of the attack. Automation of the Blind SQL Injection was successfully developed, and the performance of the keywords generation for each algorithm was also successfully measured, i.e., 1.7852 seconds for Binary Search, 1.789 seconds for interpolation and 1.902 seconds for Linear Search.
Kalman Filter: Multiplying Normal Distributions

This publication in the domain of sensor data fusion considers the Kalman ﬁlter, as one representative of fusion algorithms, in detail. Therefore, the widely spread description following [4] that is derived by orthogonal projections is presented ﬁrst. Because this kind of explanation is hard to understand, especially by beginners, this paper introduces an other point of view. The new viewpoint is based on maximum likelihood methods. These methods use the product of probability density functions of different measurements to determine a likelihood function and its maximum as best fusion solution. Because the Kalman ﬁlter is based on normal distributions, these distributions are used in this paper as underlying probability density functions to calculate a maximum likelihood solution. For simpliﬁcation, we start in the uni-dimensional space and calculate a likelihood function with the shape of a normal distribution. It is shown that the product of the underlying normal distributions is up to a constant factor a normal distribution as well and a Kalman ﬁlter equivalent solution also. To proof equality of the product and the Kalman ﬁlter solution in general, the problem is transferred to multiple dimensions. Finally an overview of the Kalman ﬁlter algorithm with variations is given using the multiplicative point of view.
University of Dundee From Individual-based Mechanical Models of Multicellular Systems to Free-boundary Problems

In this paper we present an individual-based mechanical model that describes the dynamics of two contiguous cell populations with different proliferative and mechanical characteristics. An offlattice modelling approach is considered whereby: (i) every cell is identified by the position of its centre; (ii) mechanical interactions between cells are described via generic nonlinear force laws; and (iii) cell proliferation is contact inhibited. We formally show that the continuum counterpart of this discrete model is given by a free-boundary problem for the cell densities. The results of the derivation demonstrate how the parameters of continuum mechanical models of multicellular systems can be related to biophysical cell properties. We prove an existence result for the free-boundary problem and construct travelling-wave solutions. Numerical simulations are performed in the case where the cellular interaction forces are described by the celebrated Johnson-Kendall-Roberts model of elastic contact, which has been previously used to model cell-cell interactions. The results obtained indicate excellent agreement between the simulation results for the individual-based model, the numerical solutions of the corresponding free-boundary problem and the travelling-wave analysis.
Eleventh International Scientific Conference KNOWLEDGE IN PRACTICE 16-18 December, 2016 Bansko, Bulgaria

Decision-making is a central function of management. It is a complex process which requires a high cognitive commitment, because the decision-maker has to assess and choose between different courses of action. Moreover, the decision-making is considered a continuous and dynamic process which implies a choice and is oriented to the achievement of the organizational objectives. In the literature can be found various theories and models of decision-making. The higher attention towards the decision-making process is a consequence of the understanding of its importance in creating sustainable competitive advantages. In a dynamic and turbulent environment becomes much more difficult to achieve and maintain a good competitive position. The decision-making process is studied by a number of disciplines such as philosophy, mathematics, statistics, psychology, sociology, economics, management, political and social sciences. In the decision-making theory we can distinguish two main approaches: the normative theory and the descriptive theory. The normative theory, based on the concept of economic man, studies the way in which decisions should be made by rational decision-makers. The descriptive theory is strongly related to the concept of bounded rationality and tries to describe how real decision-makers behave when making decisions. The normative approach support an analytic decision-making, while the descriptive approach an intuitive one. The main goal of the current research is to understand how the decision-making happens and its dynamics. Thus, we analyze and discuss about the various decision-making theories in order to know the behavior of the decision-maker in different situation. The intention is to identify variables and elements and to discover possible relationships between them, so as to be able to define some general reflections about the decision-making. Without doubt, from Barnard to Simon, from Kahneman and Tversky to Klein, the way of perception of the decision-maker and decision-making process has changed a lot. Each one of the theories reflects the changes of its period regarding the perception and the functioning of the organization. So, the criterion of choice may be different from organization to organization, from an individual to another. It varies between optimization, satisfaction, negotiation and agreement, casualness. What we can say is that there are important differences between the theories, but also many aspects in common. However, is impossible to define the best decisionmaking model. Each one of them is valid according to the characteristics of the problem and context.
The Internal Stress Analysis Method of Cement Paste under Core Restricted Conditions

Concrete cracking is a major cause affecting the durability and applicability of concrete; it draws increasing attention from researchers in the field of civil engineering. However, previous studies of early micro-cracks are insufficient. The presence of early micro-cracks is the basis of macroscopic cracks. Therefore, a calculation method of internal stress within cement paste caused by core restricted shrinkage under the core restricted condition of rigid body was studied, and a mechanical model of internal stress was established. Based on the model, the factors that affect internal stress within cement paste were further analyzed, and the law of strain variation of cement paste under the rigid elastic body confinement was discussed. The results show practical significance in the control of crack development and in the improvement of concrete durability. Keywords-large elastic body; micro-crack; internal stress; elastic mechanics; model
Physiological changes during postharvest ripening of durian fruit (Durio zibethinus Murray)

SummaryPostharvest changes in ethylene production, respiration, soluble solids, total sugars, starch, firmness, pectic substances and activities of polygacturonase (PG), pectinesterase (PE), β-galactosidase (GAL) and cellulase in ‘Chanee’ durian fruits were followed at ambient conditions. The rise in ethylene production and respiratory climacteric coincided and simultaneously reached a maximum on the fourth day. Soluble solids and total sugars in the aril also increased concomitantly with the decrease in starch content. The rapid decrease in the aril firmness was accompanied by changes in pectic substances; an increase in the water-soluble fraction and a decrease in ammonium oxalate and alkali-soluble fractions. PG and PE activities increased rapidly, while GAL and cellulase activities increased slightly. The increase in PG activity appeared more significant than that of the PE, GAL and cellulase activities.
Trust and friction: A multi-level analysis of elementary math classrooms in Texas

Understanding how to maximize classroom climate factors that may positively affect student achievement scores in mathematics is vital to school improvement efforts. This study examines the impact teacher trust in clients and classroom friction have on elementary math achievement. Both student and teacher perceptions are explored. Surveys were collected from 482 students and their teachers from 26 math classrooms across ten elementary schools in Texas. Intraclass correlations were calculated to identify the level of variation in math achievement between classrooms. Next, a random coefficient HLM model was employed to identify the specific impacts that teacher trust in students and parents and classroom friction have on elementary math achievement. Finally, an intercepts as slope HLM model was created to isolate potential interaction effects between Level 1 (classroom) and the Level 2 (school) variables. The results of the analyses indicate that both teacher trust in clients and classroom friction make statistically significant impacts on the variance in elementary math achievement. Teacher years of experience on campus and socioeconomic status are also examined. Implications are discussed.
Udar mózgu u młodego nurka

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common cause of right-to-left shunt which carries a significant risk for stroke when associated with venous thrombosis, coagulation abnormalities or other conditions. We present a young male in whom diving was associated with stroke in a subject with otherwise clinically silent PFO.
Association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with fusobacteriosis in cows

The Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) determines the immune response to pathogens, and its genes are promising candidates for the search of associations with diseases. A special role is played by BoLA-DRB3 gene, the product of which directly participates in the binding of alien antigens and conditions the specificity of the immune response. The second exon of this gene codes β1-domain of class II antigens, which is necessary for binding a broad spectrum of alien antigens. Exon 2 of BoLA-DRB3 gene is extremely polymorphic, giving the possibility to search the associations of its alleles with various diseases. The article provides the results of the study on polymorphism of alleles of BoLA-DRB3.2 gene for detection of its associations with sensitivity to fusobacteriosis (necrobacteriosis) of cows. The survey was performed using PCR-RFLP method with DNA of blood from 176 cows of two herds of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. As a result of the studies, in the first herd, 25 BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles were found. In the selections of nectobacteriosis susceptible and resistant cows, we found 22 and 21 variants respectively. In the second herd, in the general selection and group of healthy animals, 27 alleles were typed, and 22 in the group of susceptible cows. BoLA-DRB3.2*22 allele was the commonest in both herds in both general selections and groups of nectobacteriosis-resistant cows. In the selection of susceptible animals, the commonest was the variant BoLA-DRB3.2*16. We determined statistically significant associations of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with sensitivity to nectobacteriosis of cattle. BoLA-DRB3.2*03 and *22 alleles associate with nectobacteriosis-resistant, while *16 and *23 – with nectobacteriosis-susceptible cows of the both studied groups. Also, in the first herd, another allele was found – *24, indicating close relationship with the disease. The studies of polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3 gene expand the knowledge about genetic peculiarities of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. The identified molecular-genetic markers could be useful for breeders whose work is oriented towards the formation of herds which are resistant to diseases of the limbs in cattle.
Data Wrangling- A Goliath of Data Industry

:- Analyzing data in any industry along with the prospect of smartly utilizing data through special technology brings with it an ocean of opportunities. Nonetheless it is cumbersome task to modify and collect data as expected by the user. Data cleaning’s importance cannot be overstated enough but it takes a lot of precious time and important resources. Data Wrangling is much more than just modifying and cleaning data and provides user the benefit of interactive and an efficient data. It is a method in which we have data identification, extracting, cleaning and integrating data for a dataset which would be analyzed as needed. Even though tools are in abundance, but software solutions are being a rarity. We have keenly discussed about the various aspects of data wrangling, munging data. There is a wide variety of ETL tools and mediums, but it needs manual effort in presence of technical experts for every step in the process. We start by the topic overview with the present issues, tangible mutual commands along with a discussion on software resolutions, various methods.
HOW DOES SHANNON’S SOURCE CODING THEOREM FARE IN PREDICTION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION RATIO WITH CURRENT ALGORITHMS?

Abstract. Images with large volumes are generated daily with the advent of advanced sensors and platforms (e.g., satellite, unmanned autonomous vehicle) of data acquisition. This incurs issues on the storage, processing, and transmission of images. To address such issues, image compression is essential and can be achieved by lossy and/or lossless approaches. With lossy compression, a high compression ratio can usually be achieved but the original data can never be completely recovered. On the other hand, with lossless compression, the original information is well reserved. Lossless compression is very desirable in many applications such as remote sensing, geological surveying. Shannon's source coding theorem has defined the theoretical limits of compression ratio. However, some researchers have discovered that some compression techniques have achieved a compression ratio that is higher than the theoretical limits. Then, two questions naturally arise, i.e., “When this happens? ” and “Why this happens? ”. This study is dedicated to giving answers to these two questions. Six algorithms are used to compress 1650 images with different complexities. The experimental results show that the generally acknowledged Shannon’s coding theorem is still good enough for predicting compression ratio by the algorithms with consideration of statistical information only, but not capable of predicting compression ratio by the algorithms with consideration of configurational information of pixels. Overall, this study indicates that new empirical (or theoretical) models for predicting lossless compression ratio can be built with metrics capturing configurational information.