Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in the Single-stranded DNA Binding Activities of MCM2-7 and MCM467

The MCM2-7 complex, a hexamer containing six distinct and essential subunits, is postulated to be the eukaryotic replicative DNA helicase. Although all six subunits function at the replication fork, only a specific subcomplex consisting of the MCM4, 6, and 7 subunits (MCM467) and not the MCM2-7 complex exhibits DNA helicase activity in vitro. To understand why MCM2-7 lacks helicase activity and to address the possible function of the MCM2, 3, and 5 subunits, we have compared the biochemical properties of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM2-7 and MCM467 complexes. We demonstrate that both complexes are toroidal and possess a similar ATP-dependent single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding activity, indicating that the lack of helicase activity by MCM2-7 is not due to ineffective ssDNA binding. We identify two important differences between them. MCM467 binds dsDNA better than MCM2-7. In addition, we find that the rate of MCM2-7/ssDNA association is slow compared with MCM467; the association rate can be dramatically increased either by preincubation with ATP or by inclusion of mutations that ablate the MCM2/5 active site. We propose that the DNA binding differences between MCM2-7 and MCM467 correspond to a conformational change at the MCM2/5 active site with putative regulatory significance.
Comparison of the immunogenicity of Cervarix® and Gardasil® human papillomavirus vaccines for oncogenic non-vaccine serotypes HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-45 in HIV-infected adults

Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have excess risk of developing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease. A substantial fraction of HPV-associated cancers is caused by HPV serotypes not included in the currently available vaccines. Among healthy women, both Cervarix® (HPV-16/18, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, GSK) and Gardasil® (HPV-6/11/16/18, Merck) have demonstrated partial cross-protection against certain oncogenic non-vaccine HPV-types. Currently, there are no available data on vaccine-induced cross-protection in men and little is known about cross-reactive immunity after HPV-vaccination of HIV-infected individuals. In an investigator-initiated trial, we randomized 91 HIV-positive men and women to receive vaccination with Cervarix® or Gardasil®. The HPV-DNA status of the participants was determined with pcr before and after immunization. Cross-reactive antibody responses against HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-45 were evaluated for up to 12 months using a pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA). Geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) were compared among vaccine groups and genders at 7 and 12 months. Both vaccines induced anti-HPV-31, -33, and -45 neutralizing antibodies in participants who were seronegative and HPV-DNA negative for those types at study entry. Geometric mean antibody titers were comparable between vaccine groups. Interestingly, anti-HPV-31 and -33 antibody titers were higher among women compared with men at 7 and 12 months. In conclusion, both licensed HPV-vaccines induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against frequent oncogenic non-vaccine serotypes HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-45 in HIV-infected adults, and women had greater serological responses against HPV-31 and -33 compared with men.
Arrest Functions of the MIF Ligand/Receptor Axes in Atherogenesis

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been defined as an important chemokine-like function (CLF) chemokine with an essential role in monocyte recruitment and arrest. Adhesion of monocytes to the vessel wall and their transendothelial migration are critical in atherogenesis and many other inflammatory diseases. Chemokines carefully control all steps of the monocyte recruitment process. Those chemokines specialized in controlling arrest are typically immobilized on the endothelial surface, mediating the arrest of rolling monocytes by chemokine receptor-triggered pathways. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 functions as an important arrest receptor on monocytes. An arrest function has been revealed for the bona fide CXCR2 ligands CXCL1 and CXCL8, but genetic studies also suggested that additional arrest chemokines are likely to be involved in atherogenic leukocyte recruitment. While CXCR2 is known to interact with numerous CXC chemokine ligands, the CLF chemokine MIF, which structurally does not belong to the CXC chemokine sub-family, was surprisingly identified as a non-cognate ligand of CXCR2, responsible for critical arrest functions during the atherogenic process. MIF was originally identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (this function being eponymous), but is now known as a potent inflammatory cytokine with CLFs including chemotaxis and leukocyte arrest. This review will cover the mechanisms underlying these functions, including MIF’s effects on LFA1 integrin activity and signal transduction, and will discuss the structural similarities between MIF and the bona fide CXCR2 ligand CXCL8 while emphasizing the structural differences. As MIF also interacts with CXCR4, a chemokine receptor implicated in CXCL12-elicited lymphocyte arrest, the arrest potential of the MIF/CXCR4 axis will also be scrutinized as well as the recently identified role of pericyte MIF in attracting leukocytes exiting through venules as part of the pericyte “motility instruction program. ”
88 The Baumann Skin Typing System

Since the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome thousands of years ago, human beings have created cosmetic formulations to alter the function or appearance of the skin, especially facial skin. This practice has continued into current times, clearly at a vast and commercial level, and has significant implications in the topical realm of the practice of cosmetic dermatology. The contemporary cosmetic and skin care product market actually took root in 1915, courtesy of the intense rivalry between the ambitious cosmetics entrepreneurs Helena Rubinstein and Elizabeth Arden. Both women started salons that year that would ultimately expand into powerful business empires. In the subsequent years, the labels ‘‘dry,’’ ‘‘oily,’’ ‘‘combination,’’ and ‘‘sensitive’’ have been the primary ways to describe the four basic skin types, as identified by Helena Rubinstein. While these categories have held sway, remaining the stagnant standards for understanding skin type for over three-quarters of a century, the cosmetics market has expanded almost geometrically, developing into a multi-billion-dollar industry and giving rise to a new category of products called ‘‘cosmeceuticals’’ – cosmetic formulations that may alter the biological function of skin. Recent sales estimates and actual figures reveal just how popular these products have become. In November 2004, sales figures from earlier that year contributed to projections of $6.4 billion in sales of skin care cosmeceuticals in the USA, an increase of 7.3% from the previous year [1]. More recently, such lofty sales expectations have been surpassed; by spring 2006, cosmeceuticals sales in the USA had exploded to the $12 billion level [2]. The understanding or classifying of skin type has undergone comparatively few changes to coincide with the exponential growth of the skin care product market during the past century. The traditional skin-type categories have even come to be considered inadequate characterizations, especially given their limitations in assisting physicians and consumers in identifying the most suitable formulations. This is particularly significant because an increasing number of products are developed and
Differential effect of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, atipamezole, in limb-placing task and skilled forepaw use following experimental stroke.

PURPOSE Tbc present study compared tbc effect of chronic administration of the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, atipamezole, on performance in behavioral tests that differ in motoric complexity in two experimental stroke models. METHODS Transient occlusion (120 min) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using the intraluminal method was used to produce corticostriatal infarcts and permanent occlusion of distal MCA by electrocoagulation was used to produce cortical infarcts. Chronic atipamezole treatment (1 mg/kg, s.c., once per day) was started 2 days after ischemia induction and continued until the end of the experiment, 35 days after ischemia induction. Behavioral performance of the operated rats was assessed 30 min after drug administration using the limb-placing test and Montoya's staircase test. RESULTS Atipamezole facilitated spontaneous recovery in the limb-placing task particularly in rats subjected to transient MCA occlusion. The analysis of retrieved pellets in Montoya's staircase test suggests that there is no recovery (Time effect, P > 0.05) in the use of the impaired forelimb (contralateral-to-lesion) following transient MCA occlusion, whereas there was some recovery following permanent MCA occlusion (Time effect, P < 0.001). The impairment was bilateral in rats subjected to transient MCA occlusion. Atipamezole treatment did not affect the use of the impaired forelimb to retrieve pellets following transient MCA occlusion, but there was a tendency to facilitate impaired forelimb use following permanent MCA occlusion (Time*Treatment interaction, P = 0.086). CONCLUSION Transient occlusion of the MCA produced a severe, long lasting, and bilateral deficit in skilled forelimb use. Permanent occlusion of the distal MCA was associated with less severe impairment, which was alleviated to some extent by administration of atipamezole. This is in contrast to spontaneous recovery and recovery-enhancing effects of atipamezole in the limb-placing test, particularly in the transient MCA occlusion model.
Modeling flow for automated system design and exploration

for closing the productivity gap in the design of embedded computer systems and systems-on-chip (SoCs). However, system design thus far suffers from a specification down to cycle-accurate implementation. In order to provide an automated design process, a well-defined design flow with clear and unambiguous success of this approach are properly defined design models. Arbitrary models without clear semantics do not enable synthesis and verification. In addition, synthesis requires clear definitions of the target architecture and a set of synthesis steps to transform the input model into the target model. In this dissertation, we define such input and target models, a set of design steps, design decisions, model transformation, and intermediate models that are necessary for an automated system design flow. The design flow has been implemented in the form of an interactive system-on-chip design environment (SCE). Automating tedious and error-prone tasks while reaping human expertise and insight results in a flow with the necessary transparency, controllability, observability and productivity. As part of this work, architecture, organization, tool flow, design model management, interfaces, and databases of the design framework have been established. Models in the flow have been defined such that they can be automatically generated and model refinement tools have been integrated into the design environment. Finally, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed that aids and steers the designer in the decision making process, provides visualization of design models, and supports interactive, graphical decision entry for each design step. Experiments using the design environment prove the feasibility and effectiveness of a seamless, comprehensive, and automated design flow supporting rapid, early design space exploration. Results obtained by applying the design flow to several industrial-strength examples show the tradeoffs and benefits of intermediate models at each step and demonstrate that required productivity gains can be achieved while supporting a wide range of realistic target implementations.
The evolution and ecology of cooperative breeding in vertebrates

Cooperative breeding – in which some adults forgo independent breeding and remain as subordinates within a group helping to raise the offspring of others – occurs in between 3% and 10% of vertebrates. The structure of such systems varies greatly, from pairs with helpers-at-the-nest to communal breeders, andmayinclude young helpers or post-reproductive ‘grandparents’. That some individuals spend part, or all, of their lives helping others to reproduce contradicts the concept of ‘selfish’ natural selection and provides an intriguing evolutionary paradox. When and why such apparently altruistic behaviour occurs has, therefore, been the focus of much study. Although constraints and the benefits of group living, may persuade individuals to remain as subordinates, indirect ‘kin’ benefits or direct benefits (such as becoming a breeding helper) appear to favour the subsequent evolution of helping. Cooperative behaviour can have wide-ranging consequences, not only on the biology of the cooperative species, but also on those species it interacts with.
Fungal metabolism of acenaphthene by Cunninghamella elegans

The filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 metabolized within 72 h of incubation approximately 64% of the [1,8-14C]acenaphthene added. The radioactive metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and separated by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Seven metabolites were identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV, and mass spectral techniques as 6-hydroxyacenaphthenone (24.8%), 1,2-acenaphthenedione (19.9%), trans-1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene (10.3%), 1,5-dihydroxyacenaphthene (2.7%), 1-acenaphthenol (2.4%), 1-acenaphthenone (2.1%), and cis-1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene (1.8%). Parallel experiments with rat liver microsomes indicated that the major metabolite formed from acenaphthene by rat liver microsomes was 1-acenaphthenone. The fungal metabolism of acenaphthene was similar to bacterial and mammalian metabolism, since the primary site of enzymatic attack was on the two carbons of the five-member ring.
La violencia en Colombia, junio de 1962: glosas de un lector de hoy

Se trata de examinar el contenido de una obra ya antologica: el primer trabajo academico sobre la violencia colombiana (la violencia en colombia, aparecido en 1962) ver como fue recibido en el momento de su aparicion, los diversos efectos que produjo, y e
An analysis of system level power management algorithms and theireffects on latency

The problem of power management for an embedded system is to reduce system level power dissipation by shutting off parts of the system when they are not being used and turning them back on when requests have to be serviced. Algorithms for this problem are online in nature; the algorithm must operate only with access to data that it has seen so far and without access to the complete data set or its characteristics. We present online algorithms to manage power for embedded systems and discuss their effects on system latency. We introduce competitive analysis as a formal framework for the evaluation of various power management algorithms. Competitive analysis does not depend on the distribution of interarrival times of requests. We present a nonadaptive online algorithm, analyze its behavior, and show that it is optimal. We also present a lower bound on the competitiveness of any adaptive algorithm. We show that no adaptive online algorithm can dissipate less than about 1.6 times the power dissipated by the optimal offline algorithm in the worst case. We also show that in order for any online algorithm to achieve this lower bound, it may have to maintain a complete history of the interarrival. times of the requests in the input sequence. Since this is not practical, we present a simple algorithm that uses only the last interarrival time to predict the arrival of the next request.
Protection of chickens against renal damage caused by a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus

The ability of the infectious bronchitis (IB) Ma5 and 4/91 live-attenuated vaccines to protect against kidney damage caused by a nephropathogenic strain of IB virus (B1648) was investigated. Protection parameters considered were gross and microscopic renal pathology, and the use of a polymerase chain reaction to detect IB RNA in kidney tissue. By each parameter, Ma5 vaccine alone provided poor protection, but 4/91 alone or the combined program both protected well.
Gesture synthesis: basic control of a flute physical model

In the flute family, the oscillation is due to the instability of a jet at the output of a channel coupled with an acoustic resonator. Recent physical models allows to simulate the behavior of the complete instrument, but we still lack a convincing way to drive them. The simulation of the isolated instrument must be completed with a modelization of the control exerted by the flutist. Depending of the instrument of the flute family, the number and type of control parameters are differents. For example, in a recorder the player blows inside a fixed channel built by the instrument maker and in the case of the transverse flute, the channel is shaped by the player's lips during the playing. This paper presents a simple model of flute player, based on measurements carried on instrumentalists playing on a recorder or a transverse flute. The model is generating the basic features of the instrument control in order to produce given pitches and dynamics. The coupling with a flute physical model allows to study its validity.
Simulated Prosthetic Vision: The Benefits of Computer-Based Object Recognition and Localization.

Clinical trials with blind patients implanted with a visual neuroprosthesis showed that even the simplest tasks were difficult to perform with the limited vision restored with current implants. Simulated prosthetic vision (SPV) is a powerful tool to investigate the putative functions of the upcoming generations of visual neuroprostheses. Recent studies based on SPV showed that several generations of implants will be required before usable vision is restored. However, none of these studies relied on advanced image processing. High-level image processing could significantly reduce the amount of information required to perform visual tasks and help restore visuomotor behaviors, even with current low-resolution implants. In this study, we simulated a prosthetic vision device based on object localization in the scene. We evaluated the usability of this device for object recognition, localization, and reaching. We showed that a very low number of electrodes (e.g., nine) are sufficient to restore visually guided reaching movements with fair timing (10 s) and high accuracy. In addition, performance, both in terms of accuracy and speed, was comparable with 9 and 100 electrodes. Extraction of high level information (object recognition and localization) from video images could drastically enhance the usability of current visual neuroprosthesis. We suggest that this method-that is, localization of targets of interest in the scene-may restore various visuomotor behaviors. This method could prove functional on current low-resolution implants. The main limitation resides in the reliability of the vision algorithms, which are improving rapidly.
Complete Genome Sequencing of Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila ZAC14D2_NAIMI4_2, a Multidrug-Resistant Strain Isolated from Sediments of a Polluted River in Mexico, Uncovers New Antibiotic Resistance Genes and a Novel Class-II Lasso Peptide Biosynthesis Gene Cluster

ABSTRACT Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of a Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain, generated with PacBio RS II single-molecule real-time technology, consisting of a single circular chromosome of 4.13 Mb. We annotated mobile genetic elements and natural product biosynthesis clusters, including a novel class-II lasso peptide with a 7-residue macrolactam ring.
Enhancer–Promoter Communication at the yellow Gene of Drosophila melanogaster: Diverse Promoters Participate in and Regulate trans Interactions

The many reports of trans interactions between homologous as well as nonhomologous loci in a wide variety of organisms argue that such interactions play an important role in gene regulation. The yellow locus of Drosophila is especially useful for investigating the mechanisms of trans interactions due to its ability to support transvection and the relative ease with which it can be altered by targeted gene replacement. In this study, we exploit these aspects of yellow to further our understanding of cis as well as trans forms of enhancer–promoter communication. Through the analysis of yellow alleles whose promoters have been replaced with wild-type or altered promoters from other genes, we show that mutation of single core promoter elements of two of the three heterologous promoters tested can influence whether yellow enhancers act in cis or in trans. This finding parallels observations of the yellow promoter, suggesting that the manner in which trans interactions are controlled by core promoter elements describes a general mechanism. We further demonstrate that heterologous promoters themselves can be activated in trans as well as participate in pairing-mediated insulator bypass. These results highlight the potential of diverse promoters to partake in many forms of trans interactions.
A 3 GHz Dual Core Processor ARM Cortex TM -A9 in 28 nm UTBB FD-SOI CMOS With Ultra-Wide Voltage Range and Energy Efficiency Optimization

This paper presents the implementation details and silicon results of a 3 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex TM -A9 (A9) manufactured in the 28 nm planar Ultra-Thin Box and Body Fully-Depleted CMOS (UTBB FD-SOI) technology. The implementation is based on a fully synthesizable standard design flow. The design exploits the important flexibility provided by the FD-SOI technology, notably a wide Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) range, from 0.52 V to 1.37 V, and Forward Body Bias (FBB) techniques up to 1.3 V. Detailed explanations of the body-biasing techniques specific to this technology are largely presented, in the context of a multi- VT co-integration, which enable this energy efficient silicon implementation. The system integrates all the advanced IPs for energy efficiency as well as the body bias generator and a fast (μs range) dynamic body bias management capability. The measured dual core CPU maximum operation frequency is 3 GHz (for 1.37 V) and it can be operated down to 300 MHz (for 0.52 V) in full continuous DVFS. The obtained relative performance, with respect to an equivalent planar 28 nm bulk CMOS chip, shows an improvement of +237% at 0.6 V, or +544% at 0.61 V with 1.3 V FBB.
T CELL SUBSET RESPONSES TO ALLOGENEIC ENDOTHELIUM: PROLIFERATION OF CD8+ BUT NOT CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES

Endothelial cells were isolated from the hearts of neonatal mice and cocultured with syngeneic and allogeneic lymphocytes. T cells isolated by passage through nylon wool proliferated when cultured with allogeneic endothelium but not when cultured with syngeneic endothelium. This response was almost entirely confined to the CD8+ lymphocyte subset as purified CD4+ lymphocytes displayed a minimal response. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with recombinant murine gamma interferon induced expression of Ia but did not enable endothelial cells to activate CD4+ lymphocytes. Activation of CD8+ and T lymphocytes could be blocked with monoclonal anti class I antibody but was unaffected by anti-class II antibody. The failure to activate CD4+ lymphocytes was not due to suppression and did not lead to an anergic state. Instead, coculture of CD4+ cells with allogeneic endothelial cells induced a partial activation consisting of IL-2 receptor expression and accelerated secondary response kinetics.