Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The test–retest reliability of the onset of concentric and eccentric vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis electromyographic activity in a stair stepping task

Study design: Test–retest reliability using a repeated measures design. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the test–retest reliability of measurement of onsets of electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) during a stair stepping task. Background: Differences in the timing of onset of VMO and VL have been hypothesized to contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome. However, no studies have investigated the reliability of the EMG onset of VL and VMO using a direct measure of EMG onset timing. Methods and measures: Ten asymptomatic subjects were assessed by the same examiner on two occasions one week apart. The relative difference in the timing of onset of EMG activity of VMO and VL was quantified by subtracting VMO EMG onset from that of VL. Results: The difference in EMG onsets during the concentric task (step up) had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0·91 with a standard error of measurement of 6·20 ms (95% CL 12·20 ms). The difference in EMG onsets during the eccentric task (step down) had an ICC of 0·96 with a standard error of measurement of 5·90 ms (95% CL 11·56 ms). Conclusions: The results indicate that in a normal population a difference of greater than 12·20 ms in the concentric and 11·56 ms in the eccentric phase of stair stepping would be required to demonstrate a significant difference in EMG onsets of VMO and VL between groups. Further research is required to determine the degree of measurement error in a population with specific pathologies.
IS THERE A SPECIFIC LINKAGE BETWEEN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE?

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common condition characterized by repetitive sleep‐induced collapse of the upper airways. It is associated with increased risk for hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebral stroke, and traffic accidents. In contrast, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common disorder defined as various symptoms or esophageal mucosal damage generated by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Patients with OSAS have been reported to have a high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms. The increase of transdiaphragmatic pressure in parallel with the large negative intrathoracic pressure produced during apnea events may directly lead to GER. In addition, some studies have demonstrated improvement in GERD with the application of continuous positive airway pressure, most consistently effective treatment for OSAS. However, GER dose not occur with every apnea. Moreover, the common conditions observed in patients with OSAS, including obesity or alcohol ingestion, are also predisposing factors for GER. A more recent investigation in over 1000 subjects failed to show a causal link between both diseases. Thus, the potential relationship between OSAS and GERD remains controversial. Inconsistencies in definitions of both diseases or sampling biases may contribute to the confusing results.
Anxiety in the perinatal period: antenatal and postnatal influences and women’s experience of care

Objective: To examine the characteristics of women with antenatal or postnatal anxiety and to investigate aspects of their care that may be associated with it. Background: Positive outcomes following childbirth are associated with good physical and mental health during pregnancy and following childbirth. Although a degree of anxiety is normal in pregnancy, for some women it can become a serious problem. Methods: This study used data on 5332 women from a 2010 national maternity survey which asked about antenatal and postnatal health and well-being three months after childbirth. Women self-identified as experiencing anxiety and other problems during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Results: Antenatal anxiety was reported by 14% of women and postnatal anxiety by 5% of women. Antenatal anxiety was associated with younger age, Black and Minority Ethnic status, single parenthood, living in a disadvantaged area, having an unwanted pregnancy and long-term health problems. Of these factors, only long-term mental health problems were associated with anxiety in the postnatal period. In the logistic regression models long-term mental health problems dominated the findings. Significant differences in the perceptions of the care experienced were evident in the responses from women with anxiety both antenatally and postnatally. Conclusions: This study shows that antenatal and postnatal anxiety are influenced by health and social factors. Asking women about their current physical and psychological health and past history during pregnancy and following up on their well-being in the postnatal period is an essential element in planning and providing care to meet their needs.
Expression of Acetylated and Dimethylated Histone H3 in Colorectal Cancer

Aim: The expression of acetylated and dimethylated histone H3 in colorectal cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)/Western blot (WB) assay. The correlation between the expression of histone H3 and clinicopathological findings was analyzed. Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections obtained from 80 operated cases of colorectal cancer were immunostained with anti-acetylated histone H3 (H3Ac) antibody and anti-dimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) antibody. Positive immunoreactivity was evaluated using the Allred scoring system. Furthermore, the expression was confirmed by ChIP/WB assay using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Results: There was good correlation between immunostaining and expression on ChIP/WB assay (p = 0.0005). There was a significant difference between the Allred score of H3K4 and the depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.0003) and the pathological stages (p = 0.0065). In overall survival classified by Allred scores of H3Ac (p = 0.0072) and H3K4 (p = 0.0187), the highest scores represented significantly worse prognoses than the other scores. Specifically, in stages II and III, the highest scores represented significantly worse prognoses than the other scores (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0173, respectively). Conclusion: The expression of H3Ac and H3K4 may estimate patient prognosis.
VIH1 du groupe O : difficultés diagnostiques

Auteur(s) : A Kara-Mostefa1, V Schneider1, C Amiel1, F Zatla1, F Damond2, F Lamontagne3, J-C Nicolas1, C Lependeven1 1Laboratoire de virologie, Hopital Tenon, 20, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris 2Laboratoire de virologie, Hopital Bichat, Paris 3Service des maladies infectieuses, Hopital Tenon, Paris L’analyse phylogenetique du virus de l’immunodeficience humaine (VIH1) a permis de decrire trois groupes : M pour major, O pour outlier et N pour non M non O. Les souches du groupe M restent largement [. ]
Complete mitochondrial genome of Aulonocara stuartgranti (Flavescent peacock cichlid)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the flavescent peacock cichlid Aulonocara stuartgranti was determined. The mitochondrial genome is 16 669 bp in length, and encodes 1 D-loop region, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Average GC content of this genome is 45.8%. ATP8 and ATP6 genes overlap by nine nucleotides, ND5 and ND6 genes by four nucleotides, and ND4L and ND4 genes share six nucleotides. All coding genes use ATG as start codon with except COX1 initiating with GTG. The phylogenetic tree involving 22 available closely related species further validated the newly determined sequences and phylogeny of A. stuartgranti.
Pesticides and Lung Cancer Risk in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort

interval: 0.39, 0.49) was observed overall, due in large part to a low cigarette smoking prevalence. Two widely used herbicides, metolachlor and pendimethalin (for low-exposed groups to four higher exposure categories: odds ratio (OR) = 1.0, 1.6, 1.2, 5.0; ptrend = 0.0002; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.1, 4.4; ptrend = 0.003, respectively), and two widely used insecticides, chlorpyrifos and diazinon (OR = 1.0, 1.1, 1.7, 1.9; ptrend = 0.03; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.7, 3.7; ptrend = 0.04, respectively), showed some evidence of exposure response for lung cancer. These excesses could not be explained by previously identified lung cancer risk factors. The usage levels in this cohort are considerably higher than those typically experienced by the general population. An excess risk among spouses directly exposed to pesticides could not be evaluated at this time. lung neoplasms; pesticides
Utility of Antiphosphatidylserine/Prothrombin and IgA Antiphospholipid Assays in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective. Currently, 3 antiphospholipid assays are widely used clinically [lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-ß2-glycoprotein I (anti-ß2-GPI)]. LAC is the most specific assay, conferring the highest risk of thrombosis and pregnancy loss, but it cannot be validly performed in an anticoagulated patient. We investigated the usefulness of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (anti-PS/PT) and its association with thrombosis. Anti-PS/PT is strongly associated with the presence of LAC. We also studied the association of IgA antiphospholipid isotypes and specific domains of ß2-GPI with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. Stored samples from patients with SLE, with and without past thrombosis, were assayed for antibodies to the whole ß2-GPI protein (IgG/IgM/IgA), to ß2-GPI domain 1 (IgG), to ß2-GPI domain 4/5 (IgA), aCL (IgG/IgM/IgA), and anti-PS/PT (IgG, IgM, and IgG/M). LAC was detected using the dilute Russell’s viper venom time (dRVVT) with confirmatory testing. Results. Anti-PS/PT IgG and IgG/M and anti-ß2-GPI IgG, IgM, and IgA were highly associated with a history of LAC by dRVVT (p < 0.0001). For all thrombosis, of the traditional ELISA assays, anti-ß2-GPI IgA, IgG, and aCL IgA were most associated. Anti-PS/PT IgG and IgG/M had a similar magnitude of association to the traditional ELISA. For venous thrombosis, of the traditional ELISA, anti-ß2-GPI (IgG and IgA), anti-PS/PT (IgG and IgG/M), and aCL IgA were associated. Again, anti-PS/PT (IgG and IgG/M) had the same magnitude of association as the traditional ELISA. For stroke, significant association was seen with anti-ß2-GPI IgA D4/5. Conclusion. In anticoagulated patients, where LAC testing is not valid, anti-PS/PT, either IgG or IgG/IgM, might serve as useful alternative tests to predict a higher risk of thrombosis. Anti-PS/PT antibodies were associated with all thrombosis and with venous thrombosis. IgA isotypes in secondary antiphospholipid syndrome are associated with thrombosis. Anti-ß2-glycoprotein domain 1 was not shown to be associated with thrombosis in SLE.
On the Cosmic Ray-Induced Ionization Rate in Molecular Clouds

The transformation of the energy dependence of the cosmic ray proton flux in the keV to GeV region is investigated theoretically when penetrating inside molecular clouds (Av>5 mag). The computations suggest that energy losses of the cosmic ray particles by interaction with the matter of the molecular cloud are principally caused by the inelastic (electronic) interaction potential; the transformed energy distribution of energetic protons is determined mainly by the column density of the absorbing medium. A cutoff of the cosmic ray spectrum inside clouds by their magnetic fields is also phenomenologically taken into account. This procedure allows a determination of environment-dependent ionization rates of molecular clouds. The theoretically predicted ionization rates are in good agreement with those derived from astronomical observations of H3
Controversies regarding reported trends: has the obesity epidemic leveled off in the United States?

Obesity has become a public health crisis in the United States and many other countries as the prevalence has been growing and has reached a very high level. Many studies have been conducted to examine the trends and related risk factors of obesity. However, some studies provided mixed results. The symposium reviewed the best available evidence regarding the recent trends in the United States and Europe to address the controversies regarding whether the increasing trend has leveled off and to provide some related recommendations. Four leading experts in the field presented key findings and made recommendations for future research and intervention efforts.
A Cd36 polymorphism associated with eight-times increased susceptibility to cerebral malaria in Central Sudan

Malaria is one of the biggest known health threats in Africa. Erythrocytes infected with falciparum malaria adhere to a variety of host receptors, including CD36. Cerebral malaria (CM) is a major lifethreatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The human protein CD36 is a major receptor for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and contributes to the pathology of P. falciparum malaria. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the adhesion molecule CD36 in children with CM at Central Sudan. A case-control study included 70 children with cerebral malaria (CM) and 84 controls were enrolled in this study. The method was a mutational analysis for the polymorphism in the CD36-188 T > G using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) where the distribution of CD36 to 188 T > G genotypes differed significantly between CM patients and controls and children carrying the mutant G allele were associated with eight-times increased relative risk for susceptibility to cerebral malaria (P-value = 0.005; odds ratio = 7.962; 95% CI = 1.571 to 29.903).
Management of Competitive Athletes With Diabetes

In Brief An effective management plan for an athlete with type 1 diabetes must consider the energy demands of intense competition and training, the athlete9s goals, factors related to competitive sports that may affect glucose homeostasis, and strategies that may be employed to allow safe, effective sports participation. Athletes should be appropriately screened, counseled to avoid risky behaviors, and provided with specific recommendations for glucose monitoring and insulin and diet adjustments so that they may anticipate and compensate for glucose responses during sports competition.
Ammonia and lactate responses to isokinetic arm and leg exercise

during exercisehave been investigated with the application of variousexercise modes. Most of the research investigatingmetabolic changes with exercise have based the exer-ciseintensityonaerobiccapacitywhileagrowingnum-ber of studies are investigatingthe metabolic responsesto exercise using isokinetic protocols [5,10,12,24]. Anadvantage of isokinetic exercise is that it is possibleto isolate muscle groups and quantify the change inmuscle torque output over the exercise period. In onestudy [12], a signiﬁcant correlationwas foundbetweenthe change in blood lactate and the degree of musclefatigue as deﬁned and measured by a reduction in theforce-generating capacity of the total neuromuscularsystem. Therefore, the purpose of this study was toquantify the NH
Role of body mass index (BMI) on the oxygen saturation and apneic spells in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Data from the sleep disorders institute (SDI) showed that subjects with similar apnea hypopnea index (AHI) but different body mass index (BMI) had no difference in oxygen saturation in rapid eye movement (REM) or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Only 6 pairs of subjects were evaluated in the study and they were not age-matched. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in age-matched subjects, if there were any differences in oxygen saturation and duration of apenic spells in subjects with similar AHI but different BMI. Ninety eight (98) subjects paired for AHI within one event/hour and BMI differences of 5 and above were grouped in 9 groups. Subjects belonged mainly to normal, mild and moderate AHI groups. Diagnostic nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) inclusion criteria were normal REM sleep and total sleep time of 5 h. Oxygen saturation was continuously assessed throughout the nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG), and was calibrated for each NPSG study, and was visually identified by sleep physician and artifacts were eliminated from the analyses. For all age groups, differences between matched pairs on BMI were regressed on the following factors: baseline oxygen saturation, lowest oxygen saturation, average oxygen saturation difference between pairs, apnea maximum and mean durations. Mean BMI differences between ageand AHI-matched pairs were 10.2 ± 5.7 (range 5.0 to 29.0). Stepwise regression indicated that BMI differences between pairs best predicted minimum oxygen saturation (p = 0.008, 1-tail). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that age differences contributed to the robust finding regarding how BMI differences predicted lowest oxygen saturation. Using a very conservative Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, lowest saturation differed only between lower age groups [group 1 < group 2 (p = 0.3) < group 3 (p = 0.001) and < group 4 (p = 0.02)]. Difference in BMI (when AHI is matched), especially between ages 25 and 44 years old, predicts differences in minimum oxygen saturation. Caution is warranted as severe apneics were not evaluated in small sample sizes in subject older than 40.
ACC/AHA 2008 Guideline Update on Valvular Heart Disease: Focused Update on Infective Endocarditis

Robert O. Bonow, MD, MACC, FAHA, Chair Blase A. Carabello, MD, FACC, FAHA Kanu Chatterjee, MB, FACC Antonio C. de Leon, JR, MD, FACC, FAHA David P. Faxon, MD, FACC, FAHA Michael D. Freed, MD, FACC, FAHA William H. Gaasch, MD, FACC, FAHA Bruce W. Lytle, MD, FACC, FAHA Rick A. Nishimura, MD, FACC, FAHA Patrick T. O’Gara, MD, FACC, FAHA Robert A. O’Rourke, MD, MACC, FAHA Catherine M. Otto, MD, FACC, FAHA Pravin M. Shah, MD, MACC, FAHA Jack S. Shanewise, MD*
KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA KANKER TIROID DI BAGIAN BEDAH ONKOLOGI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR TAHUN 2009-2012

Kanker tiroid adalah kanker yang berasal dari kelenjar tiroid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien kanker tiroid berdasarkan sosiodemografi (jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan), diagnosis utama, stadium dan terapi pada pasien kanker tiroid di Bagian Bedah Onkologi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Populasi dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang didiagnosis kanker tiroid di Bagian Bedah Onkologi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar pada tahun 2009-2012 dengan jumlah sebanyak 182 orang. Data sekunder yang diperoleh selanjutnya diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan software statistik. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan distribusi jenis kelamin pada pasien kanker tiroid paling banyak pada perempuan yaitu 152 orang (83,5%). Populasi kelompok usia pada pasien kanker tiroid paling banyak pada kelompok usia 41-45 tahun yaitu sebanyak 31 orang (17,0%). Diagnosis utama yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Dedifferentiated Thyroid Carcinoma yaitu sebanyak 168 orang (92,3%). Pasien kanker tiroid pada penelitian ini paling banyak ditemukan pada stadium II yaitu sebanyak 121 orang (66,5%). Terapi yang paling banyak diberikan adalah operasi sebanyak 163 orang (89,6%). Kesimpulan : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan karakteristik penderita kanker tiroid berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, diagnosis utama, stadium dan terapi.
The influence of recording length on time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability

Analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is used to assess autonomic control of the heart. Many technical aspects may influence the outcome of HRV analysis. One of these aspects is recording length. Ambulatory monitoring recordings are frequently used as a data source. Because of their mathematical properties, some HRV variables are influenced by recording length. Further more, recording length may play a role, since, in clinical practice, hook-up times of ambulatory monitoring are not randomly distributed over time. In order to test recording-length related changes of HRV the authors tested three groups: 1. healthy subjects (n=24); 2. congestive heart failure patients (n=24); and 3. patients with coronary artery disease (n=21). Results revealed that although the average normal to normal interval already changed after 1 hour reduction, most time domain variables differed statistically significantly after 4 hours reduction in length. Frequency domain variables proved to be less sensitive to recording-length changes. The extent of length related changes of HRV was shown to vary in different patient categories. It is concluded that ambulatory monitoring recordings less than 20 hours long should not be used for HRV analysis.
The GTPase Function of YvcJ and Its Subcellular Relocalization Are Dependent on Growth Conditions in Bacillus subtilis

We have recently shown that the Bacillus subtilis GTPase YvcJ is involved in the phosphorylation of an unidentified cellular component and that the deletion of yvcJ induced a decrease in competence efficiency. In this paper, we report that growth conditions influence both the YvcJ-dependent phosphorylation event and the localization of this protein. More precisely, we have observed that YvcJ can be localized in the cell either as a helical-like pattern or as foci close to the poles and the septa depending on growth phase and on growth medium. In addition, we show that the mutation of the catalytic lysine residue (K22) located in the Walker A motif of YvcJ, and necessary for its GTPase activity, induces a decrease in competence efficiency similar to that observed for the yvcJ null mutant. This mutation also inhibits the YvcJ-dependent phosphorylation event. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of the YvcJ homologues shows that this protein is ancient in Bacteria (being possibly present in their last common ancestor) and has been conserved in a number of major bacterial phyla, suggesting that this protein has an important function in this domain of life. To sum up, even if the precise cellular role of this ancient protein remains unknown, our data show that the GTPase activity of B. subtilis YvcJ and its function in the phosphorylation of a cellular component are influenced by the growth conditions, and are important for the effect of YvcJ on competence efficiency.
Comparing the Effect of Triage Education in Lecture and Multimedia Software on Nurses Learning

Introduction: Triage is the basis of disaster management and teaching triage skills to the nurses is of high importance in disaster and calamity planning. This study aimed "to compare the effectiveness of two teaching methods of lecture and multimedia software on nurses learning". Methods: In a semi-experimental, two-group pretest-posttest study, ninety nurses of one of hospitals in Isfahan using random allocation method divided into two equal groups of education by lecture and by multimedia software in 2009. Learning of the nurses in cognitive and emotional areas was measured about triage using a researcher-made multiple choice test in three stages; before, after and recall stage after the intervention. Thereafter, the data were analyzed using independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS 15 software. Results: Learning rate of the nurses about triage increased in two methods (p 0.05). Significant difference wasn't showed in mean total scores (cognitive and emotional areas) before the intervention in both groups (p>0.05), i.e. the two groups were homogeneous. But, at measurement of the second stage (posttest), mean total scores in the lecture group was higher than multimedia software group (p 0.05); however, mean scores of recall stage in the multimedia software group was higher than lecture group. Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of both lecture method and multimedia software method; however considering to the characteristics of the virtual learning including comprehensive interest-based learning, cost-effective, efficacy, accessible, flexible, appropriate design, and comprehensiveness and extendable, this effective method is recommended.