Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of the Relationship between Household Welfare and Ecosystem Reliance in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed, China

Household welfare is inseparable from the environment because of its dependence on ecosystems and their services. However, linking household welfare and ecosystems in order to inform differentiated household livelihood development in spatially heterogeneous regions is still a great challenge. Based on a field survey of 1754 households, we grouped the relationships between household welfare (defined by total income) and ecosystem reliance (expressed by an index of dependence on ecosystem services) in the Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, the only source of surface water for domestic use in Beijing, China. The relationships can be grouped into four types: high welfare and high dependency; low welfare and low dependency; high welfare and low dependence; and low welfare and high dependency. Family structure, households’ education and skill level, and the proximity to Beijing have significant impacts on household welfare, while the quantity of natural capital and eco-compensation fund significantly contribute to the ecosystem dependence. Maintaining suitable family size and age structure, improving education and skill levels, and strengthening payment for ecosystem services within low welfare households would be effective approaches to their welfare improvement. The above classification can help design tailored policy and management options to promote sustainable livelihoods based on different household subgroups.
Maternal Contributions: Supporting Language Development in Young Children with Cochlear Implants

Objective: The principal goal of this study was to investigate the relationships between maternal contributions (e.g., involvement, self-efficacy, linguistic input) and receptive and expressive (oral and sign) language skills in young children with cochlear implants. Design: Relationships between maternal contributions and children's language skills were investigated by using correlation and regression analyses. Thirty-two mothers (mean age = 36.0 yr) and their children (mean age = 4.8 yr) were videotaped during free play and storybook interactions. Mothers' and children's quantitative (MLU, number of word-types) and mothers' qualitative (facilitative language techniques) linguistic input were analyzed. Mothers completed a measurement tool specifically designed to quantify their sense of involvement and self-efficacy (Scale of Parental Involvement and Self-Efficacy). The Reynell Developmental Language Scales and data from videotaped transcription analyses were used to evaluate children's oral and sign language skills. Results: Maternal involvement and self-efficacy relating to children's speech-language development were positively related to mothers' quantitative and qualitative linguistic input. After controlling for child's age, mothers' MLU and two facilitative language techniques (recast and open-ended question) were positively related to children's language skills. Conclusions: The performance of young implant users may vary in part because of their mothers' sense of involvement and self-efficacy, as well as the ways in which mothers interact with their children. Given this information, it would be fruitful for professionals working with these families to incorporate goals that enhance caregivers' involvement, self-efficacy, and linguistic input to better support language development in young children after cochlear implantation.
Pool-Based Demand Response Exchange—Concept and Modeling

In restructured power systems, there are many independent players who benefit from demand response (DR). These include the transmission system operator (TSO), distributors, retailers, and aggregators. This paper proposes a new concept-demand response eXchange (DRX)-in which DR is treated as a public good to be exchanged between DR buyers and sellers. Buyers need DR to improve the reliability of their own electricity-dependent businesses and systems. Sellers have the capacity to significantly modify electricity demand on request. Microeconomic theory is applied to model the DRX in the form of a pool-based market. In this market, a DRX operator (DRXO) collects DR bids and offers from the buyers and sellers, respectively. It then clears the market by maximizing the total market benefit subject to certain constraints including: demand-supply balance, and assurance contracts related to individual buyer contributions for DR. The DRX model is also tested on a small power system, and its efficiency is reported.
A case of tubal hydatidiform mole

Tubal hydatidiform mole is an uncommon condition with about 40 confirmed cases in the accessible literature. The patient usually presents with symptoms and signs of a classical ectopic pregnancy, and it is only after histological examination and DNA ploidy analysis of the conceptus that a hydatidiform mole is diagnosed. We present an unusual case of primi gravida at 6 weeks gestation that was diagnosed as having ectopic pregnancy.
Predictors of physical restraint in a psychiatric emergency setting

Background: Considering the negative consequences of using physical restraints, we conducted this study to identify patients who are more frequently restrained in a psychiatric emergency ward as an initial step to limit the use of restraint to the minimum possible. Methods: This was a retrospective case control study conducted in Iran Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We reviewed the files of 607 patients who were admitted during a one year period using convenience sampling; of them, 186 were in the restrained group and 421 in the unrestrained group. Results: Surprisingly, no significant difference was found between the restrained and unrestrained groups in demographic characteristics. The patients who were referred because of violence were diagnosed as having methamphetamine induced psychotic disorder or bipolar I disorder in manic 1episode and had a higher odds of being restrained (OR=2.51, OR=1.61, and OR=1.57 respectively). Being restrained was also associated with a longer duration of hospitalization and duration of staying in the emergency ward. Moreover, patients in their first admission were more frequently restrained. Conclusion: Medical and nursing staff should consider special measures for the patients who are at a higher risk for being restrained. More frequent visits and education for both patients and staff may be effective in reducing the number of physical restraints for these groups of patients.
Cooperativity during multiple phosphorylations catalyzed by rhodopsin kinase: supporting evidence using synthetic phosphopeptides.

Rhodopsin kinase is a key component in the shutdown of visual transduction. The phosphorylation of rhodopsin's C-terminus was evaluated using synthetic peptides derived from the last 12 amino acids (337-348) as substrates and their phosphorylated counterparts as inhibitors. It was found that synthetic peptides were phosphorylated at the serine residue corresponding to Ser-343 in the primary sequence of bovine rhodopsin. The phosphopeptides were prepared by incorporating into the peptide chain a trityl-protected serine derivative at the site destined to contain the phosphoryl group. The trityl group was selectively released with 20% (v/v) dichloroacetic acid; the free hydroxyl group was then phosphitylated with di-tert-butyl N,N-diethylphosphoramidite, and the resulting phosphite derivative was oxidized with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The phosphopeptides were found to have a greater affinity for the kinase compared with their nonphosphorylated counterparts; for the peptides corresponding to residues 337-348 of rhodopsin the affinity increased in the order VSKTETSQVAPA < VSKTETS[PO3H2]QVAPA < VS[PO3H2]KTETS[PO3H2]QVAPA. The results are interpreted to support the cooperativity hypotheses proposed previously [Wilden, U. , & Kühn, H. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 3014-3022; Aton, B. R. , Litman, B. J., & Jackson, M. L. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 1737-1741].
Les vignobles du Chianti et de Bordeaux : deux destinations touristiques que tout différencie ?

Introduction Alors que la France est la premiere destination mondiale en matiere de tourisme, l’Aquitaine la cinquieme region du pays (87 millions de nuitees par an, dont le cinquieme en Gironde avec 19,6 millions de nuitees), l’œnotourisme s’est peu et tardivement developpe 1 . Un constat s’impose : Bordeaux tient un role majeur dans le monde du vin en termes de gout, d'œnologie, de puissance. mais guere dans l'œnotourisme ! Et pourtant, on compte 120 000 hectares de vignes en AOC en Gironde (soit 15 % des VQPRD nationaux), 9500 exploitations viticoles, 43 cooperatives, de 3 a 400 entreprises de negoce dans le vin (CIVB, 2009). Le paradoxe se percoit dans les paysages : alors qu’on estime qu’il y a un million de touristes de passage a Saint-Emilion chaque annee, l’offre d’hebergement ou de restauration est assez derisoire (fig. n° 1). Fig 1 : Offre d’hebergement dans et autour de Saint-Emilion En revanche, l 'Italie est le seul pays au monde a avoir, des 1985, promulgue une loi speciale sur l'agritourisme 2 . Elle definit le tourisme a la ferme comme une sous-activite de l'agriculture. C’est pourquoi elle a un triple but : favoriser les produits regionaux typiques, reutiliser les vieux bâtiments ruraux qui ne sont plus utilisables par l'agriculture moderne, enfin augmenter le revenu des agriculteurs. Chaque region reglemente le secteur avec sa propre loi en adequation avec ses
Scopolamine Impairs Appetitive But Not Aversive Trace Conditioning: Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is an important modulator of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) functions, such as the working memory required to bridge a trace interval in associative leaning. Aversive and appetitive trace conditioning procedures were used to examine the effects of scopolamine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in male rats. Follow-up experiments tested the effects of microinfusion of 0.15 μg of scopolamine (0.075 μg of in 0.5 μl/side) in infralimbic (IL) versus prelimbic regions of rat mPFC, in appetitive trace and locomotor activity (LMA) procedures. Systemic scopolamine was without effect in an aversive trace conditioning procedure, but impaired appetitive conditioning at a 2 s trace interval. This effect was demonstrated as reduced responding during presentations of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and during the interstimulus interval (ISI). There was no such effect on responding during food (unconditioned stimulus, US) responding or in the intertrial interval (ITI). In contrast, systemic scopolamine dose-relatedly increased LMA. Trace conditioning was similarly impaired at the 2 s trace (shown as reduced responding to the CS and during the ISI, but not during US presentations or in the ITI) after infusion in mPFC, whereas LMA was increased (after infusion in IL only). Therefore, our results point to the importance of cholinergic modulation in mPFC for trace conditioning and show that the observed effects cannot be attributed to reduced activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Events are very often separated in time, in which case working memory is necessary to condition their association in “trace conditioning. ” The present study used conditioning variants motivated aversively with foot shock and appetitively with food. The drug scopolamine was used to block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors involved in working memory. The results show that reduced cholinergic transmission in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) impaired appetitive trace conditioning at a 2 s trace interval. However, scopolamine was without effect in the aversive procedure, revealing the importance of procedural differences to the demonstration of the drug effect. The finding that blockade of muscarinic receptors in mPFC impaired trace conditioning shows that these receptors are critical modulators of short-term working memory.
Psychological adjustment and diabetic control.

presentation were delivered vaginally and spontaneously, suggesting a pituitary insult during vaginal delivery. Isolated growth hormone deficiency was also often found in association with induction of labour. These data and those reported elsewhere indicate that even a mild birth trauma may result in growth hormone deficiency.34 We therefore stress that non-cephalic presentations are definitely an important risk factor for the subsequent development of growth hormone deficiency. Postnatal growth should be monitored carefully in these infants in order to detect early growth impairment due to growth hormone deficiency.
Model integration and transformation: a triple graph grammar-based QVT implementation

Nowadays, software and system development projects involve an increasing number of various CASE tools each of which is specialized in certain tasks or phases of the development process. This results in an unrelated distribution of the data of a project as a whole over the different data repositories of the considered tools. The task of manually keeping the data consistent is cumbersome, time consuming, and error prone. Therefore, there is an urgent need for automatic support in data consistency checking and consistency enforcement. OMG’s Query / View / Transformation (QVT) standard provides a model-based language for the specification of consistency checking and consistency enforcement rules. The QVT standard currently is implemented by a number of different groups but suffers from the fact that it lacks a proper formalization up to now. In contrast Triple Graph Grammars (TGGs) provide a declarative language for the specification of consistency checking and consistency enforcement rules based on the formal foundation of graph grammars. However, TGGs lack some concepts provided by the QVT standard which are needed in practice to be applicable. This work transfers TGGs into OMG’s world of metamodeling and extends them by the desired concepts from QVT. The result is an TGG-based implementation of the QVT standard based on the formalism of graph grammars. Furthermore, the presented approach will be supplemented by a framework for automatically checking and enforcing the consistency of distributed data of a considered development project as a whole.
Broadband Matching Limitations for Higher Order Spherical Modes

The well-known limits on the radiation Q of electrically small antennas do not lead to a straightforward, rigorous computation of wide-band impedance matching limits, especially when higher order spherical modes are involved and higher order tuning networks are considered. Fano's formulation of the wide-band matching of arbitrary impedances does provide a rigorous solution and has been previously applied to the lowest order modes. In this paper, we apply Fano's theory to higher order spherical modes. Graphs of numerical limits on high-pass and bandpass tuning versus size are presented. It is shown that in the case where the relative bandwidth is large (multiple octaves), minimum size requirements are determined primarily by the return loss requirement and the frequency of the lower band edge; thus limits on high-pass tuning differ little from those on bandpass tuning. In the case of antennas required to radiate multiple modes, bounds on size versus bandwidth can be obtained from the limits on individual modes, with the highest order mode tending to set the most restrictive limit.
Taking race out of the picture: Health communication and disease prevention for Black Americans

The dissertation being presented in the following chapters represents an examination of philosophy of science, underlying theory, empirical evidence, and research design targeted at understanding the relevance of race when communicating stroke prevention to Black Americans. In the introduction is a description of previous research and relevant course work pertaining to the construction of the research question: Is it a good practice of science to communicate race as a disease risk in attempts to modify health behaviors of Black Americans? The work begins with a description as to how race became a construct of interest in American science and demands a paradigm shift in order to ameliorate racial health disparities. This is followed with a discussion on the problematic nature of conceptualizing race as a disease risk. It reviews salient risk literature, specifically, on theories of behavior in response to risk messages. A study conducted as a pilot to this research is also featured and describes the modification of a scale so to measure racial microaggressions between physicians and their Black patients. The final piece, the experiment, reflects an exploration of organizational, interpersonal, and individual predictors of well-being, self-efficacy, and health behavior decision-making in response to the three difference public service announcements (PSAs). The announcements serve as treatment conditions and vary on degrees of racial salience. The effects of communicating race as a disease risk in a PSA that stated “Stroke targets by color” as well as previous experiences of microaggression are determined. The findings are discussed in the context of eliminating health disparities via the critical examination of experts’ research and communicative
Method to Detect Eye Position Noise from Video-Oculography when Detection of Pupil or Corneal Reflection Position Fails

We present software to detect noise in eye position signals from video-based eye-tracking systems that depend on accurate pupil and corneal reflection position estimation. When such systems transiently fail to properly detect the pupil or the corneal reflection due to occlusion from eyelids, eye lashes or various shadows, the estimated gaze position is false. This produces an artifactual signal in the position trace that is rapidly, irregularly oscillating between true and false gaze positions. We refer to this noise as RIONEPS (Rapid Irregularly Oscillating Noise of the Eye Position Signal). Our method for detecting these periods automatically is based on an estimate of the relative inefficiency of the eye position signal. We look for RIONEPS in the horizontal and vertical traces separately, and although we typically use it offline, it is suitable to adaptation for real time use. This method requires a threshold to be set, and although we provide some guidance, thresholds will have to be estimated empirically.
Failure to block responses of locus coeruleus neurons to somatosensory stimuli by destruction of two major afferent nuclei

The locus coeruleus (LC) contains the densest aggregate of norepinephrine-containing neurons in the rat brain (Dahlstrom and Fuxe, 1965). Stimulation of somatosensory nerves is known to have strong excitatory effects on noradrenergic neurons of the LC (Cedarbaum and Aghajanian, 1978b). The pathway mediating this excitation is not known. However, direct afferents to the LC have been reported to be almost exclusively restricted to two medullary nuclei: the paragigantocellu-laris (PGi) and the prepositus hypoglossi (PrH) (Astor,- Jones et al., 1986). Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated a predominantly excitatory influence of PGi neurons on LC unit activity, suggesting the hypothesis that the excitatory somatosensory input to the LC may be relayed through the PGi (Ennis and Aston-Jones, 1988). To test this hypothesis, lesions of the PGi were made to see if the effects of stimulating the sciatic nerve on the LC could be blocked. Lesions were also made in the PrH, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH; a possible minor afferent to the LC; Aston-Jones et al., 1986), and the ipsilateral medullary lateral reticular nucleus (LRN; a structure which is contiguous with the PGi and was suggested to be an afferent to the LC in an earlier study; Cedarbaum and Aghajanian, 1978a). Although the projection to the LC from the PGi is predominantly ipsilateral (Aston-Jones et al., 19861
Practical MU-MIMO experiments using SDRs

This paper provides an overview of a testbed created using software defined radios (SDRs) for a Multi-User MIMO experiment, with guidelines for extension for similar experiments. We perform our experiments in ORBIT grid with multiple USRPs. The proposed experiment can be easily recreated using multiple USRPs and Octoclock-G to achieve synchronization among those. One of the main issues while working with multiple transmitters and receivers is synchronization. A technique to achieve the required synchronization on the ORBIT grid is described. A framework for estimating Channel State Information (CSI) across multiple receivers is provided. The various factors affecting the data such as the proximity of the users to one another, being in the line-of-sight of the transmitter, are addressed.
Probable enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity.

PURPOSE A case of probable enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity is described. SUMMARY A 29-year-old woman sought treatment from a pulmonologist for a dry, hacking, constant cough not relieved by fast-acting inhalers or narcotic cough medications that had lasted for three weeks. Her primary care physician had earlier made a preliminary diagnosis of pertussis and prescribed a short course of azithromycin and corticosteroids, which did not help relieve the symptoms. Computed tomography angiography of her chest revealed multiple bilateral pulmonary emboli with a moderate clot burden, which resulted in her hospitalization. The pulmonary emboli were thought to be associated with her oral contraceptive, which was discontinued at hospital admission. Anticoagulant therapy was initiated with subcutaneous enoxaparin and oral warfarin. Beginning the second day of therapy, the patient complained of nausea and associated vomiting. Diagnostic procedures did not reveal any liver, kidney, splenic, or pancreatic abnormalities. The results of laboratory tests revealed elevated levels of hepatic enzymes, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Tests for hepatitis A, B, and C were negative. Enoxaparin therapy was discontinued, and the patient was maintained on oral warfarin. Clinical and laboratory signs of liver injury resolved over the next few days, with a return to baseline levels of AST and ALT levels over the subsequent months. According to the Naranjo et al. adverse-reaction probability scale, enoxaparin was the probable cause of hepatotoxicity in this patient. CONCLUSION A woman receiving enoxaparin every 12 hours developed signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity after the second dose. The case was unusual in the rapidity and magnitude of hepatic enzyme elevation.
An iterative superpixel algorithm based on color variances and cross seams

In this paper, we proposed a seam carving based refinement method to refine and produce superpixels. The proposed method can refine existing superpixels by repeating the splitting process. There are two major steps. The first is choosing a superpixel candidate by analyzing color variances; the second is splitting a superpixel into 4 by dynamic programming. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher accuracy compare to original methods in the same number of superpixels.
The Relationship of Charles Darwin to the Ideas of his Grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin

During his career as an evolutionary thinker Charles Darwin was first influenced by the evolutionary ideas of his grandfather Dr. Erasmus Darwin, and then publicly called these ideas "erroneous. " As an old man, he was stimulated by a German science writer to compose a short biography of his grandfather. Although in this biography Darwin avoided discussing his ideological relationship with grandfather, and although he was persuaded to excise some notable passages before publication, he produced a remarkably concise and vivid portrait of his grandfather as a scientist and man.