Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of fatty acid synthase in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its significance

Background and purpose:Fatty acid synthase(FAS)is a new tumor marker,the high expression of which has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients.This study investigated the expression of FAS in transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of bladder and its clinical significance.Methods:The expressions of FAS were detected by streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method in the paraffin embedded sections of 65 TCC patients and the clinical data had been reviewed.15 normal bladder tissues were used as control group.Results:The positive rate of the expression of FAS in TCC was 58.5%(38/65),while only 2 of 15 cases in control group expressed FAS protein.The difference was statistically significant,the expression of FAS was related to the histological grades and recurrence but not different pathological stages.Survival analysis revealed that the 5-yr survival rate was lower in FAS positive patients than in negative patients(18% vs.44%,P0.05). Conclusions:Fatty acid synthase is overexpressed in TCC of bladder and might serve as a biomarker for the poor prognosis of the patients.
Seasonal Changes in Lumbar Multifidus Muscle in University Rugby Players

ABSTRACT Purpose Although smaller lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) was reported to be a strong predictor of lower limb injury (LLI) in Australian Football League players, LMM morphology has not been investigated in rugby athletes. This study examined seasonal changes in LMM in rugby players and whether LMM characteristics were associated with low back pain (LBP) and LLI. Methods Ultrasound examinations of the LMM were acquired in 21 university-level rugby players (12 women, 9 men) at preseason and end-season. LMM cross-sectional area (CSA), thickness at rest, and thickness during submaximal contraction (e.g., contralateral arm lift) measurements in prone and standing were obtained bilaterally at the L5–S1 level. The percent change in LMM thickness during contraction was calculated as follows: [(thicknesscontracted − thicknessrest)/thicknessrest × 100]. Self-reported questionnaires were used to acquire data on LBP and LLI. Results There was no significant difference in LMM characteristics between preseason and end-season measurements (P > 0.05). Preseason LMM CSA, side-to-side CSA asymmetry, and thickness at rest or during contraction were not associated with LBP or LLI. However, a lower percent thickness change in the standing position was significantly associated with having LBP during the preseason (P = 0.01) and playing season (P = 0.001), as well as LLI during the preseason (P = 0.03). Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that LMM contractile ability and behavior during functional movement, such as standing, may have important implications for the susceptibility to injury among rugby athletes.
Experimental Research of RKO Cell Anoikis Induced by Duchesnea Indica in Human Colon Cancer

Objective To observe RKO cell suspending growth and anoikis induced by duchesnea indica in human colon cancer.Methods Duchesnea indica of different concentrations worked on RKO cell.CCK-8(Cell Counting Kit-8)method was used to detect the impact of duchesnea indica on RKO cell suspending growth.Ethidium homodimer-1(EthD-1)staining was adopted to detect anoikis.The colorimetric method was applied to detect caspase-3 activity.The dichlorohyrogenated fluorescein diester staining method and fluorescence microplate system were used to co-detect the production of reactive oxygen in the cell.The fluorescent probe DCFH-DA was used to detect the reactive oxygen.Results Duchesnea indica inhibited significantly RKO cell suspending growth,presenting dose dependence.After stimulated with duchesnea indica,RKO in suspending growth absorbed EthD-1 and emitted red fluorescence.The nuclear fragmentation was seen in a part of cells,presenting apoptotic morphological change.Duchesnea indica enhanced significantly caspase-3 activity in RKO cell and increased the level of reactive oxygen.Conclusion Duchesnea indica inhibits the suspending growth of RKO cell,promotes anoikis in RKO cell,which is probably related to the activation of caspase-3 and the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen level.
Development of a non-amphibious amphibian: views of a coquí.

Development without a free-living tadpole is common among Ibero American frogs. The most derived condition is direct development where the tadpole has been eliminated, and the most investigated direct developing frog is Eleutherodactylus coqui. To provide a different point-of-view, an imaginary interview with a coqui is conducted. Opinions are offered on invasive species, developmental features that are surprisingly conserved, and novelty in germ layer specification.
Monocyte subsets to differentiate chronic myelomonocytic leukemia from reactive monocytosis

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is characterized by persistent monocytosis and dysplastic features of blood cells. No specific genetic abnormalities are present in CMML, and reactive monocytosis should be excluded. An increase in classical monocytes (MO1) has been suggested as a screening tool for CMML.
Bilateral comparison of traditional and alternate electrodermal measurement sites.

Advances in mobile and wireless technology have expanded the scope of electrodermal research. Since traditional electrodermal measurement sites are not always suitable for laboratory research and are rarely appropriate for ambulatory measurements, there is a need to explore and contrast alternate measurement locations. We evaluated bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) from five measurement sites (fingers, feet, wrists, shoulders, and calves). In a counterbalanced, randomized, within-subjects design study, participants (N = 115) engaged in a 4-min-long breathing exercise and were exposed to emotionally laden and neutral stimuli. High within-subject correlations were found between the EDA measured from fingers bilaterally (r = .89), between the left fingers and both feet (r = .72). Moderate correlations were found between EDA measured from the left fingers and wrists (r = .30 and r = .33), low correlations between the left fingers and the shoulders (r = -.03 and r = -.06) or calves (r = .05 and r = .14). Response latency was the shortest on the fingers while it was the longest on the lower body. Short response windows would miss some of the responses from the palmar surfaces and a substantial number from other evaluated locations. The fingers and the feet are the most reliable locations to measure from, followed by the wrists. We suggest setting site-specific response windows for different measurement locations. An investigation of repeatability showed that within-subject correlations, response frequencies, response amplitudes show a similar pattern from the first measurement time to a later one.
Expression of F18 Fimbrial Adhesion F Antigen Gene(fedF) in Escherichia coli and Its Immunoprotection in BALB/c Mice(Mus musculus)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) is the main cause of Piglet early weaning diarrhea(PWED) and immunoprophylaxis is one of the most efficient measure to solve this problem.This paper aims to use E.coli F18 fimbrial adhesion F(FedF) recombinantly expressed as antigen to explore in mice(Mus musculus) the possibility of using FedF as the target to prevent PWED.Primers added with EcoRⅠand SalⅠsites were devised and synthesized according to the sequence F18 fimbriae antigen gene fedF on GenBank.Full length fedF gene fragment of 908 bp with 20 signal peptide sequence was amplified by using E.coli F18 genome as template.Then the target fragment was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a(+) and the recombinant plasmid pET-fedF was transformed into E.coli BL21.After induction with IPTG,recombinant FedF about 32.9 kD was detectable.Then BALB/c mice were orally immunized by the recombinant strain E.coli [pET-fedF]. The results showed that the recombinant strain could induce high level of sera FedF specific IgG(P/N 2.0) and significant increase in intestinal sIgA by 2.07 fold(P0.05);finally oral immunization of the recombinant strain could greatly protect mice against lethal dose of enterotoxin E.coli administration,the immune protective rate reached up to 62.5%. All the above results implied that the recombinant strain E.coli [pET-fedF] can protect mice from ETEC attach by induction of sera FedF specific IgG and intestinal sIgA,and it may be a promising weapon against PWED.
Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by air-conducted, low-frequency sound.

BACKGROUND Sound is not only detected by the cochlea, but also, at high intensities, by the vestibular system. Acoustic activation of the vestibular system can manifest itself in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). In a clinical setting, VEMPs are usually evoked with rather high-frequency sound (500 Hz and higher), despite the fact that only a fraction of saccular and utricular hair cells in the striolar region is available for high-frequency stimulation. OBJECTIVE As a growing proportion of the population complains about low-frequency environmental noise, including reports on vestibular symptoms, the activation of the vestibular system by low-frequency sound deserves better understanding. METHODS We recorded growth functions of oVEMPs and cVEMPs evoked with air-conducted sound at 120 Hz and below. We estimated VEMP thresholds and tested whether phase changes of the stimulus carrier result in changes of VEMP amplitude and latency. RESULTS The VEMP response of the otholith organs to low-frequency sound is uniform and not tuned when corrected for middle ear attenuation by A-weighting the stimulus level. Different stimulus carrier phases result in phase-correlated changes of cVEMP latencies and amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS VEMPs can be evoked with rather low-frequency sound, but high thresholds suggest that they are unlikely to be triggered by environmental sounds.
Dissecting the Tectal Output Channels for Orienting and Defense Responses

Abstract Electrical stimulation and lesion experiments in 1980’s suggested that the crossed descending pathway from the deeper layers of superior colliculus (SCd) controls orienting responses, while the uncrossed pathway mediates defense-like behavior. To overcome the limitation of these classical studies and explicitly dissect the structure and function of these two pathways, we performed selective optogenetic activation of each pathway in male mice with channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) expression by Cre driver using double viral vector techniques. Brief photostimulation of the crossed pathway evoked short latency contraversive orienting-like head turns, while extended stimulation induced body turn responses. In contrast, stimulation of the uncrossed pathway induced short-latency upward head movements followed by longer-latency defense-like behaviors including retreat and flight. The novel discovery was that while the evoked orienting responses were stereotyped, the defense-like responses varied considerably depending on the environment, suggesting that uncrossed output can be influenced by top-down modification of the SC or its target areas. This further suggests that the connection of the SCd-defense system with non-motor, affective and cognitive structures. Tracing the whole axonal trajectories of these two pathways revealed existence of both ascending and descending branches targeting different areas in the thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and/or spinal cord, including projections which could not be detected in the classical studies; the crossed pathway has some ipsilaterally descending collaterals and the uncrossed pathway has some contralaterally descending collaterals. Some of the connections might explain the context-dependent modulation of the defense-like responses. Thus, the classical views on the tectal output systems are updated.
Developmental Biology in Chile: historical perspectives and future challenges.

Developmental Biology is a growing discipline in Chile. It started in the 1950s when Luis Izquierdo challenged the traditional descriptive perspective of embryology and comparative anatomy to explore the mechanisms underlying the origin of form. After this initial drive, Claudio Barros beginning in the late 1960s and Juan Fernández in the late 1970s, contributed with unique and complementary facets to the early growth of the discipline. In the 1980s, the community of developmental biologists created its first forms of association together with the reproduction biology community, and in 1993 the first international course of developmental biology was organised. During the 1990s and 2000s, a group of young investigators arrived in Chile after postdocs in Europe and the US to build the first research centres of developmental biology, fostering the discipline to an unprecedented level. In the 2010s, as these centres consolidated, a stream of young developmental biologists established new labs at several institutions, expanding the community size and broadening its scope. The recent organisation of developmental biology meetings fostered the sense of community and nurtured the need of formal organisation, setting the bases for the foundation of the Chilean Society for Developmental Biology in 2019. Today, the community of developmental biologists is a mix of young and experienced investigators working in a variety of geographical locations, institutions, topics and model organisms. These characteristics are a strength of an active community that is pushing the discipline to the next level, aiming to make it a relevant actor in national and international settings.
Measurement of Nasalance Scores Without Touching the Philtrum for Better Comfort During Speech Assessment and Therapy: A Preliminary Study

Objective: The Kay Pentax nasometer uses a separator plate that touches the philtrum of a patient to separate the nasal and oral sound energies for nasalance measurement. However, the separator plate can restrict the natural movement of the patient’s upper lip and generate unpleasant pressure on the patient’s philtrum. The present study was intended to measure nasalance scores without touching the philtrum for better comfort during speech assessment and therapy. Methods: Nasalance scores of 10 males and 10 females having no speech disorders were measured under 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 mm) of the gap between the plate and the philtrum (denoted as plate-to-philtrum gap) using Nasometer II 6450 for nasal (Nasal Sentences) and oral (Zoo Passage) stimuli. Regression formulas were established to examine the relationships between nasalance score and plate-to-philtrum gap for the stimuli. To provide nasalance scores equivalent to those measured for the contact condition, compensation factors for the 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap measurement condition were identified for the stimuli. Results: The nasalance scores were significantly different between the 4 different plate-to-philtrum gaps for the stimuli. Compensation factors for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passage were identified as 1.17 and 0.71, respectively. Conclusions: The 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap condition after multiplying the compensation factors can provide equivalent nasalance scores to the conventional contact measurement condition which may provide better comfort in speech assessment and therapy.
An EM Algorithm for Capsule Regression

We investigate a latent variable model for multinomial classification inspired by recent capsule architectures for visual object recognition (Sabour, Frosst, & Hinton, 2017). Capsule architectures use vectors of hidden unit activities to encode the pose of visual objects in an image, and they use the lengths of these vectors to encode the probabilities that objects are present. Probabilities from different capsules can also be propagated through deep multilayer networks to model the part-whole relationships of more complex objects. Notwithstanding the promise of these networks, there still remains much to understand about capsules as primitive computing elements in their own right. In this letter, we study the problem of capsule regression—a higher-dimensional analog of logistic, probit, and softmax regression in which class probabilities are derived from vectors of competing magnitude. To start, we propose a simple capsule architecture for multinomial classification: the architecture has one capsule per class, and each capsule uses a weight matrix to compute the vector of hidden unit activities for patterns it seeks to recognize. Next, we show how to model these hidden unit activities as latent variables, and we use a squashing nonlinearity to convert their magnitudes as vectors into normalized probabilities for multinomial classification. When different capsules compete to recognize the same pattern, the squashing nonlinearity induces nongaussian terms in the posterior distribution over their latent variables. Nevertheless, we show that exact inference remains tractable and use an expectation-maximization procedure to derive least-squares updates for each capsule's weight matrix. We also present experimental results to demonstrate how these ideas work in practice.
PET-/SPECT-MRI Attenuation Correction using Image Registration

As the development of new imaging systems that combine PET an d MRI is currently in progress, novel ideas to compensate the captured emission d ata for photon scatter and attenuation are being sought. A favored approach would utilize the m orphological information gained from the precisely co-registered MR image to derive a patien t-specific non-uniform attenuation map for accurate scatter and attenuation correction. Such a MRI-guided approach was evaluated throughout this study. A pseudo CT of the patient is obtained b y inferring CT numbers from a CT atlas using automatic non-parametric registration with m utual information as distance measure and regularized by curvature. The obtained pseudo CT is t hen used to apply conventional methods to derive the patient-specific attenuation map from a CT image. An initial evaluation of the approach is given, where the optimal stiffness of the non -rigid transformation is determined and the mean differences of pseudo CTs generated from differe nt atlas CTs are recorded.
Reconfigurable ANPC converter PWM strategy for an improved junction temperature distribution

The three level Active Neutral Point Clamped (3L-ANPC) topology has been proposed to overcome the three level Neutral Point Clamped (3L-NPC) topology’s main structural drawback of unequal loss distribution and the resulting asymmetrical junction temperature distribution among its power switches. According to several research works, this unbalanced distribution of losses and heat inside the converter can be reduced by using the appropriate control technique. Taking benefit of the conventional PWM strategies advantages, this paper proposes a reconfigurable carrier-based PWM control strategy for the 3L-ANPC converter. The proposed modulation technique aims to improve the thermal stress unbalance inside the converter and to reduce the converter total losses compared to existing ones. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by PSIM simulation tests with a 60 kW 3L-ANPC converter.
Calculation of TMD Evolution for Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry Measurements

The Sivers transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) is calculated and compared at different scales using the TMD evolution equations applied to previously existing extractions. We apply the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism, using the version recently developed by Collins. Our calculations rely on the universality properties of TMD-functions that follow from the TMD-factorization theorem. Accordingly, the non-perturbative input is fixed by earlier experimental measurements, including both polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and unpolarized Drell-Yan (DY) scattering. It is shown that recent preliminary COMPASS measurements are consistent with the suppression prescribed by TMD evolution.
A THEORETICAL IMPLEMENTATION WITH PHYSICAL DESIGN OF V-DIODE

Main focus of the paper is based upon the conduction phenomena and the energy band formation characteristics of the novel device, which is named as v-diode i.e. variable diode. The concept of this diode is based upon the basic semiconductor physics. This device can operate in both biasing: forward and reverse. Here semiconductor characteristics inversion is used to achieve the v-diode characteristics. This diode operates as n-p diode and in some cases acts as p+ i n+ diode depending on the biasing polarity. Mainly the energy band formation, band energy changing characteristics are discussed here broadly. All the calculations justifies the device characteristics and band-gap modulation technique of this diode. The fundamental expressions of diode have used here and some auxiliary equations have derived from those expressions to achieve the working characteristics of this device. This paper is presented theoretically along with the all clarifications about the major characteristics of the v-diode like energy, potential and current. The COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS and MATLAB have used to generate the graphical plots for technical justification of v-diode.
Self-Moving Robots and Pulverised Urban Displays: Status Quo, Taxonomy & Challenges

After almost a decade of relentless development, pervasive urban displays have fragmented into a diversity of approaches with radically distinct characteristics in terms of how mobile they are, as well as the materials they are made of. In this article, we investigate such a diversity in terms of the relationships between key conceptual entities of pervasive urban displays, namely the displayed content, the enabling display technology and the surrounding physical environment. First, we propose a taxonomy for pervasive urban displays through two dimensions: increasing levels of physical integration of content into the surrounding environment (attached, blended, physi-calised), and increasing levels of mobility of the display technology within the environment (ﬁxed, portable, self-moving). We extend this taxonomy through looking at the relationship between content and display technology from a conceptual lens and present two categories, namely Screens and Printers . We then provide a classiﬁcation of current approaches to the design of pervasive displays along these two dimensions and categories, and introduce a new class of pervasive display, which we call pulverised urban displays (PUDs). These displays represent content in a physical form, entangled with the built and natural environment which are capable of an autonomous change to their position. Drawing on urban robotic devices and their capability to sense and manipulate the environment or act as a display itself, we present examples of PUDs. Finally, this article concludes with challenges for designing self-moving robotic and pulverised urban displays.