Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Potential Ionic Interactions Between Anionic and Cationic Polymethacrylates of Multiple Coatings of Novel Colonic Delivery System

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to investigate potential interactions between anionic (Eudragit FS) and cationic (Eudragit RL) polymethacrylates of multiple coatings of a novel colonic drug delivery system. Aqueous films of pure polymers Eudragit FS (FS) and Eudragit RL (RL) and their superimposed film (FS–RL) were cast on glass slabs. The potential ionic interactions were studied by analyzing the dried films using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of pure RL and FS were 60°C and 22°C, respectively; FS–RL showed two distinct glass transitions at 59°C and 24°C in the second heating cycle. In the 13C-MAS spectra of the samples in the solid state, no shifts of the resonance could be detected in the superimposed film compared with the pure polymers. The FT-IR spectra of the superimposed film did not show any significant shift of the bands of the group of RL and the –COO− function of FS compared with the spectra of the pure polymers. No ionic interactions between anionic and cationic polymethacrylates were revealed by DSC, FT-IR, and NMR.
Need for Approval as Related to the Effects of Persuasive Communications on Actual, Reported and Intended Behavior Change—A Viable Predictor?

Need-for-approval scores were examined for possible relationships with various persuasive appeals, including one in which the social-approval content was predicted to have maximal effect on Ss high in need for approval. The study was conducted in the context of a large project in a natural setting ostensibly for the purpose of improving dental hygiene. Dependent measures included behavioral as well as reported responses in all experimental conditions. Although a trend in the predicted direction was obtained for the intention-to-behave measure, need-for-approval scores generally failed to predict the significant changes that were obtained. Implications of utilizing personality measures such as this one as related to attitude-behavior change are discussed.
Site-specific collapse dynamics guide the formation of the cytochrome c′ four-helix bundle

The evolution of tryptophan-to-heme (W/heme) distance distributions extracted from analysis of fluorescence energy transfer kinetics during the refolding of Rhodopseudomonas palustris cytochrome c′ reveals dramatic differences between two variants [W32 (Q1A/F32W/W72F) and W72 (Q1A)]. Both W32/heme and W72/heme distance distributions measured at the earliest time point attainable with a continuous-flow mixer (150 μs) confirm that the polypeptide ensemble is not uniformly collapsed and that native structure is not formed. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra indicate that W32 is sequestered from the aqueous solution during the first 700 μs of folding, whereas W72 remains exposed to solvent. The first moment of the W32/heme distance distribution evolves to its native value faster than that of W72, suggesting that the approach of W32 to the heme precedes that of W72.
A 3.2GHz-sample-rate 800mHz bandwidth highly reconfigurable analog FIR filter in 45nm CMOS

A 16-tap analog FIR filter with 3.2 GHz-clock achieves fully reconfigurable transfer functions over an 800 MHz range. Time domain convolution is realized by switching programmable transconductance values and exploiting a current integration technique to merge sampling, summing and anti-aliasing functions. The circuit draws 65 mW from a 1.1 V supply and occupies 0.15 mm2 in 45 nm CMOS.
Nutrition and Allergic Diseases

The development of IgE-mediated allergic diseases is influenced by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors such as pollution and farming, but also by nutrition. In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the impact that nutrition can have on allergic diseases. Many studies have addressed the effect of breastfeeding, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, vitamins and minerals, fiber, fruit and vegetables, cow’s milk, and n-3 fatty acids, on the development of allergies. In addition, nutrition can also have indirect effects on allergic sensitization. This includes the diet of pregnant and breastfeeding women, which influences intrauterine development, as well as breastmilk composition. These include the diet of pregnant and breastfeeding women that influences intrauterine development as well as breastmilk composition, effects of food processing that may enhance allergenicity of foods, and effects via modulation of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. This editorial review provides a brief overview of recent developments related to nutrition and the development and management of allergic diseases.
Opportunities and Challenges for Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) With Electronic Clinical Data: A Perspective From the EDM Forum

Introduction:The Electronic Data Methods (EDM) Forum brings together perspectives from the Prospective Outcome Systems using Patient-specific Electronic data to Compare Tests and therapies (PROSPECT) studies, the Scalable Distributed Research Networks, and the Enhanced Registries projects. This paper discusses challenges faced by the research teams as part of their efforts to develop electronic clinical data (ECD) infrastructure to support comparative effectiveness research (CER). The findings reflect a set of opportunities for transdisciplinary learning, and will ideally enhance the transparency and generalizability of CER using ECD. Methods:Findings are based on 6 exploratory site visits conducted under naturalistic inquiry in the spring of 2011. Themes, challenges, and innovations were identified in the visit summaries through coding, keyword searches, and review for complex concepts. Results:The identified overarching challenges and emerging opportunities include: the substantial level of effort to establish and sustain data sharing partnerships; the importance of understanding the strengths and limitations of clinical informatics tools, platforms, and models that have emerged to enable research with ECD; the need for rigorous methods to assess data validity, quality, and context for multisite studies; and, emerging opportunities to achieve meaningful patient and consumer engagement and work collaboratively with multidisciplinary teams. Discussion:The new infrastructure must evolve to serve a diverse set of potential users and must scale to address a range of CER or patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) questions. To achieve this aim—to improve the quality, transparency, and reproducibility of CER and PCOR-a high level of collaboration and support is necessary to foster partnership and best practices as part of the EDM Forum.
Combined treatment with naringin and vitamin C ameliorates streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in male Wistar rats

Diet and nutrition have substantial impact on reducing the incidence of diabetes mellitus, where oxidative stress is an important etiopathological factor. The combined protective role of low dose of naringin (15 mg kg−1) and vitamin C (25 mg kg−1) and high dose of naringin (30 mg kg−1) and vitamin C (50 mg kg−1) on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced toxicity was studied in male Wistar rats. To induce type II diabetes mellitus, rats were injected with STZ intraperitoneally at a dose of 45 mg kg−1 body weight. STZ‐induced diabetic rats showed significant increase in blood glucose, water intake, food intake and glycated hemoglobin and significant decrease in plasma insulin, total hemoglobin, body weight and liver glycogen. Diabetic rats also showed significant decrease in the activity of hexokinase and significant increase in the activities of glucose‐6‐phosphatase and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase in liver and kidney. The levels of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and vitamin E were elevated while the level of reduced glutathione was decreased in diabetic rats. Glycoprotein components such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid were increased in plasma, liver and kidney of diabetic rats. Oral administration of high doses of naringin (30 mg kg−1) and vitamin C (50 mg kg−1) to diabetic rats for a period of 21 days normalized all the above‐mentioned biochemical parameters. The effect exerted by naringin (30 mg kg−1) and vitamin C (50 mg kg−1) was similar to the effect exerted by insulin (6 units kg−1). Thus, our study shows the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of naringin and vitamin C in STZ‐induced type II diabetes mellitus in rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial colorectal cancer and the screening of family members

A case‐control study was undertaken of the family histories of colorectal cancer in 128 patients with colorectal cancers and those of 61 patients with colorectal adenomas and matched surgical control patients who were attending a regional surgical service in Western Australia. One family with multiple polyposis of the colon was excluded from the study. A history of colorectal cancer in one or more first‐degree relatives was associated with a relative risk of colorectal cancer of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 8.0), of adenoma of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 8.0) and of any colorectal neoplasm of 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 5.6). Four patients with colorectal cancer and one patient with colorectal adenoma had more than one first‐degree relative with colorectal cancer, whereas no control subject gave this history. The five families that were represented by these cases each showed some other features of non‐polyposis familial colorectal cancer. It was estimated that familial factors could explain 60% of colorectal cancer in persons with a family history of the disease in a first‐degree relative and 5% of colorectal cancer in the population as a whole. Haemoccult II tests were posted to 629 living first‐degree relatives of the patients with colorectal cancers and adenomas; 44% of these relatives returned the completed tests. Four relatives with positive results of tests both before and after dietary restriction were investigated; all four subjects had colorectal adenomas. In addition, one subject had a short segment of ulcerative colitis. A further mailing of Haemoccult II tests one year later gave a 39% response rate; no further cases of colorectal neoplasia were found. One relative developed carcinoma of the caecum 10 months after a negative result in the first round of Haemoccult screening. Persons with two or more first‐degree relatives with colorectal cancer, with or without other features of non‐polyposis familial colorectal cancer, are at a high risk of the development of colorectal cancer. The comparatively‐poor response to an offer of Haemoccult II testing and its known insensitivity and lack of specificity suggest that it is not a satisfactory method of screening these high‐risk subjects.
Aminoglycoside-nucleic acid interactions: remarkable stabilization of DNA and RNA triple helices by neomycin.

The stabilization of poly(dA). 2poly(dT) triplex, a 22-base DNA triplex, and poly(rA). 2poly(rU) triple helix by neomycin is reported. The melting temperatures, the association and dissociation kinetic parameters, and activation energies (E(on) and E(off)) for the poly(dA). 2poly(dT) triplex in the presence of aminoglycosides and other triplex binding ligands were determined by UV thermal analysis. Our results indicate that: (i) neomycin stabilizes DNA triple helices, and the double helical structures composed of poly(dA). poly(dT) are virtually unaffected. (ii) Neomycin is the most active and triplex-selective stabilization agent among all aminoglycosides, previously studied minor groove binders, and polycations. Its selectivity (DeltaT(m3-->2) vs DeltaT(m2)(-->)(1)) exceeds most intercalating drugs that bind to triple helices. (iii) Neomycin selectively stabilizes DeltaT(m3)(-->)(2) for a mixed 22-base DNA triplex containing C and T bases in the pyrimidine strand. (iv) The rate constants of formation of triplex (k(on)) are significantly enhanced upon increasing molar ratios of neomycin, making triplex association rates closer to duplex association rates. (v) E(on) values become more negative upon increasing concentration of aminoglycosides (paromomycin and neomycin). E(off) values do not show any change for most aminoglycosides except neomycin. (vi) Aminoglycosides can effectively stabilize RNA [poly(rA). 2poly(rU)] triplex, with neomycin[being one of the most active ligands discovered to date (second only to ellipticine). (vii) The stabilization effect of aminoglycosides on triple helices is parallel to their toxic behavior, suggesting a possible role of intramolecular triple helix (H-DNA) stabilization by the aminoglycosides.
Health-related quality of life of people with multimorbidity at a community-based, interprofessional student-assisted clinic: Implications for assessment and intervention

Objective This study examined the relationship between the number of comorbidities and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and between select physical conditions and HRQoL. Differences in HRQoL in comparison to a normative sample were also examined. Method A cross-sectional study among people with multimorbidity (n = 401) attending a community-based, interdisciplinary health clinic was conducted. HRQoL was measured using the eight dimensions of the SF-36. Multiple linear regression and t-tests were used to analyse the data. Results A downward trend in HRQoL continued from 2 to 14 concurrent comorbidities. Patients with a higher number of comorbidities reported greater deficits in HRQoL, when age, gender, education and perceived social support were controlled for (beta = −0.11 to −0.31). The impact of the number of comorbidities was greatest for the bodily pain dimension of the SF-36 (beta = −0.31). Deficits were greatest for people with gastrointestinal conditions and back pain or sciatica. Moderate to large deficits in HRQoL compared to a normative population were found (Cohen’s d = 0.54–1.16). Discussion Understanding associations between the number and type of physical comorbidities and HRQoL may assist clinical services to design broad but targeted interventions to optimize HRQoL in this group of people.
Developmental synchronization of male and female gametophytes in Ginkgo biloba and its neck mother cell division prior to fertilization.

This study investigated male and female gametophytes in Ginkgo biloba, while a droplet of fluid was present in the fertilization chamber and found that the central cell, the generative cell and the neck mother cell divided simultaneously prior to fertilization. In male gametophytes, the generative cell divided to yield two sperm cells. Concomitantly, the two neck mother cells of the archegonium increased in size then divided asymmetrically resulting in two big cover cells and two small base cells. Each cell had a fixed end in direct contact with an adjacent jacket cell and a free end overlapping its counterpart. This unique arrangement could allow for their free ends to swing into the fertilization chamber as a result of the force from the interior of the archegonium where a polar periclinal division had occurred to produce a canal cell and an egg. The subsequent withdrawal of the content of the archegonium may facilitate the entry of sperm into the archegonium. The neck apparatus closed after the fertilization occurred. The concurrence of the above divisions and the delicate structure of neck apparatus suggest that the gametophytes undergo a synchronization process to become receptive at the time of fertilization. However, the formation of neck cells and the opening time of neck apparatus of the archegonia within the same ovule were slightly different, which could lead to the formation of zygotes at a temporally distinct interval. The earlier formed zygote may progress as the only mature embryo in the ovule.
The immunopathology of experimental visceral leishmaniasis

Summary: Experimental murine infection with the parasites that cause human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results in the establishment of infection in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. In most strains of mice, parasites are eventually cleared from the liver, and hepatic resistance to infection results from a coordinated host response involving a broad range of effector and regulatory pathways targeted within defined tissue structures called granulomas. In contrast, parasites persist in the spleen and bone marrow by mechanisms that are less well understood. Parasite persistence is accompanied by the failure of granuloma formation and by a variety of pathologic changes, including splenomegaly, disruption of lymphoid tissue microarchitecture, and enhanced hematopoietic activity. Here, we review the salient features of these distinct tissue responses and highlight the varied roles that cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor family play in immunity to this infection. In addition, we also discuss recent studies aimed at understanding how splenomegaly affects the survival and function of memory cells specific for heterologous antigens, an issue of considerable importance for our understanding of the disease‐associated increase in secondary infections characteristic of human VL.
Ley especial para la garantía de la propiedad o posesión regular de inmuebles, frente a los derechos adquiridos por beneficiarios de la Reforma Agraria. Caso : Comunidad Pueblos Unidos de Intipucá departamento de la Unión

Antecedentes de la problematica de la tierra en El Salvador y las politicas nacionales impulsadas por los gobiernos -- Politica agraria impulsada desde 1980 hasta la aprobacion del decreto 23 -- Politica impulsada de Reforma Agraria durante el periodo 1989-2009 -- Funcion social de la propiedad privada -- Contenido subjetivo y objetivo de la funcion social de la propiedad -- Sujetos agrarios beneficiarios con la funcion social -- Ley especial para la garantia de la propiedad o posesion regular de inmuebles (decreto23).
Ischaemic events and bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with concomitant bivalirudin treatment.

AIMS The European ImproveR registry aimed to characterise the patient population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bivalirudin treatment in a routine clinical setting and to evaluate associated ischaemic and bleeding events. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 3,799 evaluable patients, aged > 18 years, were enrolled in 102 centres across 12 European countries from January 2005 to June 2006. The population was elderly (median age, 67.2 years; 24% > 75 years) and comprised 27.1% female patients, 27.9% with diabetes and 14.9% with renal impairment. Forty-nine percent of patients presented with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 22% of these with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In-hospital and 30-day rates of major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction or urgent revascularisation) were 2.3% and 5.6%, respectively. In-hospital ischaemic complications were associated with a STEMI diagnosis and age > 65 years. In-hospital significant bleeding occurred in 1.7% of patients and was associated with renal impairment, female gender and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use. CONCLUSION The ImproveR registry population is characterised by a high proportion of elderly patients and patients with diabetes, renal impairment and ACS. In clinical practice, bivalirudin effectively suppresses ischaemic complications while maintaining a low rate of haemorrhagic consequences, as expected from randomised trials.
Progresso genetico em vinte anos de melhoramento do milho no brasil

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar os efeitos do melhoramento genetico do milho, tal como eles se manifestaram sobre as cultivares, hibridas ou nao, utilizadas pelos produtores rurais, nos ultimos vinte anos. As produtividade de espigas, em kg/ha, dos materiais avaliados na rede de experimento do Ensaio Nacional do Milho (CNPMS-EMBRAPA), serviram como fonte de dados desta pesquisa. O ponto de partida foi a ano agricola 1963/64. Utilizou-se o processo estatistico que avalia o programa genetico, referindo nas novas cultivares periodicamente lancada, eliminando-se os efeitos devidos as diferentes condicoes de clima e solo, de um ano para outro. Tomando M como a produtividade media de todos os materiais ensaiados em 1963/64, num dado local; GT o acrescimo de produtividade, acumulando nos 20 anos, devido a introducao de novos materiais, de modo global e GH o acrescimo de produtividade acumulada, somente devido ao lancamento de novos hibridos comerciais, foram as seguintes quantidade: 1) Campinas (SP); (.)
Evolution of Cross‐Feeding in Microbial Populations

Although limited by a single resource, microbial populations that grow for long periods in continuous culture (chemostat) frequently evolve stable polymorphisms. These polymorphisms may be maintained by cross‐feeding, where one strain partially degrades the primary energy resource and excretes an intermediate that is used as an energy resource by a second strain. It is unclear what selective advantage cross‐feeding strains have over a single competitor that completely degrades the primary resource. Here we show that cross‐feeding may evolve in microbial populations as a consequence of the following optimization principles: the rate of ATP production is maximized, the concentration of enzymes of the pathway is minimized, and the concentration of intermediates of the pathway is minimized.
Évaluation de modèles de classification automatique appliqués à la détection d'opinions

This paper describes the problem of classifying opinions expressed into sentences. The system must categorize them as opinionated or factual. To achieve this objective, we have used a Naïve Bayes approach and Support Vector Machines. As a new categorization model, we suggest using a normalized score (Z score) based on a specific vocabulary. Using a NTCIR test collection, our evaluations demonstrate that the suggested model based on the Z score performs significantly better than the others and that a representation based on words tends to show better performance level than surrogates based on lemmas. MOTS-CLÉS : détection d’opinions; classification d'opinions ; évaluation de classifieurs.
P3E-1 Properties of Coagulating Blood Under Steady Flow Detected by Statistical Analysis of Backscattered Signals

Most of previous investigations on the evaluation of blood coagulation were performed from the blood under static or stirred conditions which however are far from those of in vivo cases. Hence, this study is to detect varying properties of clotting blood through ultrasonic statistical model calculated from backscattered signals under steady flow condition at a 40 s-1 mean shear rate. The radiofrequency (RF) signals backscattered from flowing blood were measured with a 10 MHz focused transducer. A 30 ml aliquot of blood was circulated in the flow model and 3 ml of 0.5 M calcium chloride solution was added to induce blood coagulation. In each experiment, the radiofrequency signals backscattered from the blood (digitized at 100 MHz) were collected for 20 min at a temporal resolution of 50 A-lines s -1. The Nakagami parameter was used to analyze variations in the blood during clotting. Results showed that the Nakagami parameter was approximately 0.75 plusmn 0.1 for flowing blood during the initial stage of blood coagulation, and increased rapidly to its highest level of 2.6 plusmn 0.5 during clotting. These experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using the ultrasonic statistical parameter for detecting blood coagulation from flowing blood and provide a novel method for further monitor the progress of clotting and thrombosis research in vivo