Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New algorithms based on the Voronoi Diagram applied in a pilot study on normal mucosa and carcinomas

An adequate reproducibility in the description of tissue architecture is still a challenge to diagnostic pathology, sometimes with unfortunate prognostic implications. To assess a possible diagnostic and prognostic value of quantitiative tissue architecture analysis, structural features based on the Voronoi Diagram (VD) and its subgraphs were developed and tested. A series of 27 structural features were developed and tested in a pilot study of 30 cases of prostate cancer, 10 cases of cervical carcinomas, 8 cases of tongue cancer and 8 cases of normal oral mucosa. Grey level images were acquired from hematoxyline-eosine (HE) stained sections by a charge coupled device (CCD) camera mounted on a microscope connected to a personal computer (PC) with an image array processor. From the grey level images obtained, cell nuclei were automatically segmented and the geometrical centres of cell nuclei were computed. The resulting 2dimensional (2D) swarm of pointlike seeds distributed in a flat plane was the basis for construction of the VD and its subgraphs. From the polygons, triangulations and arborizations thus obtained, 27 structural features were computed as numerical values. Comparison of groups (normal vs. cancerous oral mucosa, cervical and prostate carcinomas with good and poor prognosis) with regard to distribution in the values of the structural features was performed with Student’s test. We demonstrate that some of the structural features developed are able to distinguish structurally between normal and cancerous oral mucosa ( P = 0.001), and between good and poor outcome groups in prostatic ( P = 0.001) and cervical carcinomas ( P = 0.001). We present results confirming previous findings that graph theory based algorithms are useful tools for describing tis-
An Ethical Administration Trilogy: The Concepts of Integrity, Justice, and Benevolence Based on Kutadgu Bilig and Siyasat-Nama

1 Correspondence to: Sümeyye Kuşakcı (PhD), Faculty of Business and Administration, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo 71210, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Email: sumeyyearslanoglu@gmail.com 2 Department of International Trade, Faculty of Business Administration, İstanbul Commerce University, Beyoğlu İstanbul 34445 Turkey. Email: oiyigun@ticaret.edu. tr Abstract Nizam al-Mulk’s Siyasat-Nama and Yusuf Khass Hajib’s Kutadgu Bilig have had an enormous influence on the concept of public administration in the Turkish tradition. A review of the management literature shows that intellectual curiosity into Siyasat-Nama and Kutadgu Bilig is stuck on the level of sympathy. However, both thinkers deserve a deep scientific exploration by taking the administrative facet of their thoughts into account. The qualitative content analysis of these two texts exposes a list of attributes that make a ruler effective. Among them, justice, integrity, and benevolence are attributes that render administration ethical. This study firstly analyzes these ethical administrative attributes comprehensively aiming to discover how they are interconnected, and secondly links them to ongoing ethics-based discussions in order to derive concrete implications for contemporary business management. Briefly stated, integrity, justice, and benevolence in unison generate a framework of ethical administration. Each attribute has equally significant place in the system. To draw an analogy, integrity is the foundation of an administrative structure; justice is the structure itself, and benevolence is its ornament.
Self-action of a Gaussian beam in a nematic liquid crystal cell

We present a theoretical study of the possibility of optical singularity birth in a wave front of a laser beam passing through a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell. At intensities below some threshold value there is no any distortion in the initial homogeneous homeotropic LC alignment. When light intensity becomes higher than this threshold value, LC director deviates from its initial orientation. Strong director anchoring at the cell walls is assumed. Inhomogeneous director profile leads to the modulation of refractive index which in its turn may be considered as a Gaussian lens formed in the LC cell. This lens gives birth to the phase singularities in coherent beam with initially smooth wave front. At small values of director deviation in geometrical optics approximation one can find the light field just after the LC cell, and utilizing the Huygens-Fresnel principle calculate spatial position of the phase singularity at near field as a function of intensity of the input beam.
Remote techniques for counting and estimating the number of bird–wind turbine collisions at sea: a review

Since the early 1990s, marine wind farms have become a reality, with at least 13 000 offshore wind turbines currently proposed in European waters. There are public concerns that these man-made structures will have a significant negative impact on the many bird populations migrating and wintering at sea. We assess the degree of usefulness and the limitations of different remote technologies for studying bird behaviour in relation to bird–turbine collisions at offshore wind farms. Radar is one of the more powerful tools available to describe the movement of birds in three-dimensional space. Although radar cannot measure bird–turbine collisions directly, it offers the opportunity to quantify input data for collision models. Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) is an infra red-based technology developed as a means of gathering highly specific information about actual collision rates, and also for parameterizing predictive collision models. TADS can provide information on avoidance behaviour of birds in close proximity to turbine rotor-blades, flock size and flight altitude. This review also assesses the potential of other (some as yet undeveloped) techniques for collecting information on bird flight and behaviour, both pre- and post-construction of the offshore wind farms. These include the use of ordinary video surveillance equipment, microphone systems, laser range finder, ceilometers and pressure sensors.
Is Unemployment Good for the Environment?

Environmental quality is a public good, potentially impacted by everybody. Individual level pro-environmental behavior affects environmental quality in the aggregate. Therefore, it is important to understand what causes individual’s pro-environmental behaviors to change. We quantify the causal effect of one determinant, unemployment, using an EU-27 population representative Eurobarometer survey. Drawing on results from the theory of the private provision of public goods, and recognizing that unemployment decreases income and the opportunity cost of time, we formulate testable predictions that unemployment will decrease the extent of pro-environmental behaviors that require monetary contributions and increase the extent of pro-environmental behaviors that mainly require time/effort. Instrumental variables regressions provide empirical evidence to support these hypotheses. Changes in the unemployment rate within a sub-national region provide the exogenous variation needed to identify the causal effect. Several supplemental questions on the survey provide evidence that environmental issues lose saliency and economic issues gain saliency when one becomes unemployed, suggesting that interested parties may wish to emphasize cost savings of pro-environmental behavior rather than environmental benefits during times of increased unemployment.
Phylogenetic characterisation of bacterial assemblages and the role of sulphur-cycle bacteria in an Arenicola marina bioturbated mesocosm

A culture-independent analysis of the bacterial assemblages in the sediments of a lugworm Arenicola marina L. bioturbated mesocosm was carried out using a molecular RNA-gene based approach. Clone libraries were constructed for 4 spatial locations in the mesocosm: deep yeast layer (DYL), mid sand (MS), new casts (NC) and old casts (OC) after 29 d of bioturbation. In total, 495 clones were analysed and grouped into 159 unique phylotypes. All libraries were dom- inated by Epsilonproteobacteria, with Alpha-, Delta- and Gammaproteobacteria, Verrucomicro- bia and members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides group also prevalent. Phyologe- netic comparison of the sites with respect to evolutionary distance showed that the libraries fell into 2 groups: (1) DYL and MS and (2) NC and OC. There were significant differences in species composition between but not within the 2 groupings. Bacteria involved with sulphur cycling are most likely to be affected by lugworm bioturbation. An Epsilonproteobacterium phylotype with >95% 16S similarity to Sulfurimonas denitrificans was abundant in the DYL sand layer but was not present in the egested sand (NC, OC). Promotion of the growth of sulphide-oxidising bacteria and their subsequent digestion would be consistent with the 'gardening' hypothesis and suggests that chemoautotrophic processes in shallow-water anaerobic sediments may be enhanced by the activities of the lugworm.
Conception of E-Governance Using Phased Approach

The significance of Information and Communication Technology cannot be overstressed, with ICT affecting all aspects of life such as education, entertainment, and the Internet. This paper deals with the steps and phases of implementing ideal eGovernment. The obstacles that can be expected during the realization of eGovernance are discussed along with the policy to address these barriers This work provides details of a phased approach towards realizing complete eGovernance.
Effect of Preparation and Temperature Treatments on Antimutagenicity against Urethane in Drosophila melanogaster and Antioxidant Activity of Three Allium Members

We investigated whether the effects of preparations (pounding or chopping) and heat treatments (100 o C or 200 o C) modified the antimutagenicity of garlic, shallot and onion against urethane induced somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Three-day old transheterozygous larvae (mwh flr + /mwh TM3) were transferred to an experimental medium (containing a treated sample) that had 20 mM urethane. The wings of surviving flies were analyzed for occurrence of mutant spots. The results showed that all treated samples still had both antimutagenicity and antioxidant activity (determined using DPPH scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power) and phenolic compounds (determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent). Treating garlic with 100 o C and 200 o C before preparations slightly reduced its antimutagenicity. It was proposed that heat treatment slightly destroyed alliinase; thus, the formation of allicins and other organosulfur compounds (commonly turn to be alkylsulfides or allicin derivatives which are the inducers of phase 2 detoxification system) from alliin was reduced. On the other hand, pounding and chopping before applying heat treatments reduced the antimutagenicity of shallot and onion while heat treatment had lower effect if the samples still be a bulb or cut into large piece. It was proposed that the formation of sulfur containing compounds derived from isoalliin by alliinase during pounding and chopping were very labile to atmosphere during the 10 min standing at room temperature. Thus the effect of preparation and heat treatment unequally influenced on the antimutagenicity and the antioxidant activity including total phenolic compounds of three Allium members.
Community and conservation reserves in southern India: status, challenges and opportunities

Community Reserves and Conservation Reserves illustrate a community-based co-management model, a first of its kind within the protected area (PA) network of India. Such reserves mark a shift towards an inclusive and decentralised approach within PAs in the country. Three such reserves in southern India: the Aghanashini Lion-tailed Macaque Conservation Reserve, Kadalundi-Vallikunnu Community Reserve and Thirupaddaimaradur Conservation Reserve, were selected to examine the reasons for their creation, management and stakeholder dynamics, with an aim to review their productivity and potential replicability. The study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with Forest Department officials, local community members and researchers working in the three reserves. Insufficient interaction between the stakeholders appeared to be a common issue in two reserves. The functioning of the reserves was also influenced, and in some cases negatively affected, by local politics. Financial stability was crucial in the functioning of reserves, as was consistency in interaction and appropriate monitoring of management plans. These elements are recommended for sustaining such reserves and creating community-based management systems for conservation, to support an inclusive approach to PA management.
Expert System Design for Growth Evaluation of In Vitro Tissue Culture Plants Based on Digital Image and Fuzzy Inference System

This paper presents an expert system design to evaluate in-vitro tissue culture plants growth. The expert system is developed to facilitate the researchers to monitor and evaluate activities in order to maintain the growth of tissue culture plants. Input of the system is a digital image of the plant and some additional information given by the researcher. The digital image is processed automatically to extract the leaf and branch intensity value. These intensity values are used as input to a fuzzy inference machine. The fuzzy inference system produces some rules explaining the status of the plant color. Together with other rules in the knowledge base, the expert system (through forward chaining reasoning) recommends appropriate maintenance procedures needed by the plant. It is shown that the accuracy of the system on giving the appropriate recommendation is 89%
Stabilizing Seismic Absorption Compensation

Summary To overcome the instability problem of inverse Q filtering, the introduced method formulates seismic absorption compensation (a.k.a. De-absorption) as an inverse problem based on the statistical theory. The matrix of forward modeling is composed of the time-variant wavelets. The de-absorption is solved by an iterative conjugate gradient approach. This scheme is tested on both synthetic and real data. The results of de-absorption are related to the accuracy of the estimated Q values and also of the seismic wavelets.
Evolution of the binary population in young dense star clusters

Context: Field stars are not always single stars, but can often be found in bound double systems. Since binary frequencies in the birth places of stars, young embedded clusters, are sometimes even higher than on average the question arises of how binary stars form in young dense star clusters and how their properties evolve to those observed in the field population. Aims: We assess, the influence of stellar dynamical interactions on the primordial binary population in young dense cluster environments. Methods: We perform numerical N-body simulations of the Orion Nebula Cluster like star cluster models including primordial binary populations using the simulation code nbody6++. Results: We find two remarkable results that have yet not been reported: The first is that the evolution of the binary frequency in young dense star clusters is independent predictably of its initial value. The time evolution of the normalized number of binary systems has a fundamental shape. The second main result is that the mass of the primary star is of vital importance to the evolution of the binary. The more massive a primary star, the lower the probability that the binary is destroyed by gravitational interactions. This results in a higher binary frequency for stars more massive than $2\Msun$ compared to the binary frequency of lower mass stars. The observed increase in the binary frequency with primary mass is therefore most likely not due to differences in the formation process but can be entirely explained as a dynamical effect. Conclusions: Our results allow us to draw conclusions about the past and the future number of binary systems in young dense star clusters and demonstrate that the present field stellar population has been influenced significantly by its natal environments.
Electron-Exchange-Assisted Photon Energy Up-Conversion in Thin Films of pi-Conjugated Polymeric Composites

The mechanism of triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA)-induced up-converted (UC) delayed luminescence is studied in two different binary organic systems consisting of platinum(II) octaethyl porphyrin (PtOEP) mixed with either poly(fluorene) (PF26) or ladder-type pentaphenylene (L5Ph). Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry are employed for estimating the ionization potentials of PtOEP and L5Ph. Delayed luminescence spectroscopy sets the energy of the lowest excited triplet state of L5Ph 0.20 eV higher than the triplet state of PtOEP (1.90 eV). The different phosphorescence PtOEP lifetime indicates differences in PtOEP aggregation in the polymer matrices. The presented results propose that the difference in the relative intensities of the delayed UC luminescence is determined by the difference between the ionization potentials of PtOEP and the polymer matrix. In the solid state, the electric-field-induced quenching of the delayed L5Ph UC luminescence suggests the formation of an intermediate ch.
The effect of host plant and isolation on the genetic structure of phytophagous insects: A preliminary study on a bruchid beetle

Genetic differentiation is a consequence of the combination of drift and restriction in gene flow between populations due to barriers to dispersal, or selection against individuals resulting from inter-population matings. In phytophagous insects, local adap- tation to different kinds of host plants can sometimes lead to reproductive isolation and thus to genetic structuring, or even to specia- tion. Acanthoscelides obtectus Say is a bean bruchid specialized on beans of the Phaseolus vulgaris group, attacking both wild and domesticated forms of P. vulgaris and P. coccineus. This study reveals that the genetic structure of populations of this bruchid is explained mainly by their geographical location and is not related to a particular kind (wild or domesticated) of bean. In contrast, the species of bean might have led, to some extent, to genetic structuring in these bruchids, although our sampling is too limited to address such process unambiguously. If confirmed, it would corroborate preliminary results found for the parasitoid species that attack Acanthoscelides species, which might show a genetic structure depending on the species of host plant.
Optical Absorption of Nano-Composite Thin Films of Au in Teflon

Nano-composite films of Au particles in Teflon were obtained by thermal vacuum deposition. The obtained films were characterized by the different shapes and dimensions of the inclusion particles. Absorption spectra of the films were measured in-situ. A model for the calculation of the optical properties of the nano-composite thin films with an inho-mogeneous distribution of the inclusions along the thickness of the film is proposed. Absorption properties of inclusions were analyzed by considering the local field interaction. The calculated absorption profiles are compared with the experimentally obtained absorption profiles. This comparison gives a possibility to draw conclusions about the concentration, shapes and shape distributions of the inclusion particles. For example, the films obtained by duration deposition are characterized by inclusions having the shape of prolate ellipsoids oriented normally to surface of the film.
Relationship between life satisfaction and sympathovagal balance in healthy elderly males at home at night

The aim of this study is to clarify how well-being correlates with autonomic nervous system (sympathovagal) balance in healthy elderly males at home at night awake and resting. The RR-interval and body acceleration of 39 healthy elderly male subjects were recorded with an ambulatory device for 72 hours. The normalized high-frequency (0.15 - 0.4 Hz) power (HFnu) of RR-interval variability (sympathovagal balance index) was calculated from 10 min long data sets that satisfied all of the following conditions: 1) average body acceleration was less than 30 mG, 2) the subject was at home, 3) the subject was awake, and 4) more than 95 percent of the time-series of instantaneous heart rate was within 40 to 160 [bpm]. Subjects recorded their subjective well-being level, including life satisfaction level, on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire. We investigated the correlation between the subjective well-being level and mean HFnu. A significant negative correlation between life satisfaction level and mean HFnu (r = –0.47, p = 0.004) was observed. This result implies that sympathovagal balance becomes the predominant state of the sympathetic nervous system in healthy elderly males with relatively high life satisfaction while at home at night awake and resting.
The Contribution of Foreign Investment Movements to Economic Growth: a Macroeconomic Approach

The contribution of foreign investment to economic growth is widely discussed in economic literature. The question of the relationship of foreign investment and economic growth has become important now because of the growing importance of foreign investment in the world economy. In this work, the different aspects of the impact of foreign investment on economic growth are investigated. In the first section there is a review of economic literature on the cause. In the second section, the empirical analysis is made to find out the relationship between the ratios of outward (inward) FDI to outward (inward) FPI and GDP per capita growth (and GDP per capita) to see how the structure of foreign investment influences GDP per capita (growth).
Purification, Fractionation and Characterization of Anthocyanin from in vitro Culture of Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng.

Bridelia retusa is traditionally used as an astringent and for treating rheumatic pains. Present study revealed that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid alone or in combination with kinetin-fortified Murashige and Skoog medium showed good response in terms of callus from leaf explants of B. retusa. Growth hormones, pH, light, and carbon source influenced secondary metabolic pathways. The highest callus induction was 98.9 % with 2.5 mg/l N6-benzyladenine+2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The optimal fresh and dry weights of the calli were 1.9±0.04 and 0.45±0.03 g, respectively. The calli incubated in light on Murashige and Skoog medium with 4 % glucose containing 2.5 mg/l benzyladenine and 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at pH 3.5 yielded 2.8 mg/g of anthocyanins. Murashige and Skoog medium with glucose was optimal compared to sucrose for anthocyanin synthesis. Addition of kinetin inhibited anthocyanin accumulation. Pigmented calli transferred to half strength Murashige and Skoog medium with NH+/NO3 (1:4 ratio), 70 g/l sucrose and supplementation with benzyladenine+2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid produced remarkable biomass production with anthocyanin synthesis when compared with the initial culture conditions. Suspension cultures of Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg/l benzyladenine at pH 5.0 induced anthocyanin synthesis into the medium with pH 4.4–4.6. HCl-water and HCl-ethanol extractions for 90 min was attempted to obtain the maximum amount of anthocyanin content. Temperature factors and pH against anthocyanin extraction and stability was analyzed. Enhancement in the degradation rate constant with a corresponding decline in the t1/2 values was seen with the increasing temperature at pH 1 and 4. Fractionation of anthocyanin was carried by high performance liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry revealed 09 fractions comprising acylated cyanidins and two peonidins. The major compounds were cyanidin 3-p-coumaroyl and feruloyl diglucoside-5-glucosides. Thus, the calli from leaf explants could be a good source for anthocyanin synthesis.