Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silicon fertilization – A tool to boost up drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop for better yield

ABSTRACT In this study, impact of silicon (Si) application on wheat performance under drought stress is studied. Experimental soil was sandy clay loam with an average pH of 8.01, electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.36 dSm−1, and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of 2.16%. Soil was severely deficient in organic matter (<1%). Average extractable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration was 230 and 5.21 mg kg−1, respectively. Silicon potassium metasilicate (K2SiO3) was applied at the rate of 0 and 12 kg/ha with three canal water irrigation frequencies including two, three, and four under randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial fashion with three replications. Results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced plant height, spike length, shoot fresh weight, and number of spikelets/spike, eventually enhancing wheat yield. Concentration of K+ in shoot (28.65 mg g−1) and grains (3.51 mg g−1) increased with Si application, which helped to maintain water potential in plant even under reduced moisture level in plants and soil, ultimately producing more yield and biomass under drought stress conditions.
Structure and Properties of Biodegradable Polymer‐Based Blends

We have recently investigated the structure and properties of biodegradable polymer based blends. The biodegradable polymers studied in our work include poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(butylene succinate) (PBSU), poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL). The miscibility, morphology, crystallization and melting behaviour of biodegradable polymer based blends have been studied extensively, which were reviewed briefly in this manuscript.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Graphene Nanocomposites by Solid-Liquid Sonochemical Reactions

In this study, Graphite Oxide (GO) and Ag/Graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by solid-liquid sonochemical reactions easily and briefly. GO was synthesized by means of Hummers method using sonication or stirring. From XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra, chemical and physical effects of ultrasound promoted the oxidation of Graphite. Ag/graphene nanocomposites were synthesized from GO and silver oxide by sonication. UV-vis spectra showed the peaks of Graphene oxide and Ag nanoparticle plasmon resonance absorption. EDX images and electron diffraction patterns confirmed Ag nanoparticles were decorated on Graphene sheets by ultrasound. Using sonication, GO and Ag/Graphene nanocomposites could be synthesized easily in short time.
Modelling temperature effects of quarter micrometre MOSFETs in BSIM3v3 for circuit simulation

This paper presents the temperature modelling in BSIM3v3 (Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model version 3), and comparison with measured data for both n- and p-channel devices with a channel length down to a quarter of a micrometre from room temperature up to C. I - V, and are modelled with the temperature dependences of mobility, threshold voltage, saturation velocity and series resistance.
Thin Layer Drying Characteristics of Sweet Potato Starch Based Films and Mathematical Modelling

Drying kinetics of sweet potato starch based films was studied at different temperatures (45, 50, 55 and 60°C). Films were prepared by casting technique and were dried in hot air oven. In declining rate period, moisture transfer from films was described by applying the Page’s model, and the rate constant (k) was calculated. Results indicated that removal of moisture from these thin films was fast in initial hours and with increase of temperature as well. The effect of temperature on rate constant (k) was interpreted according to Arrhenius law. The rate constant increased (0.000–0.002 h-1) with the drying air temperature.
London Calling: Two-Factor Authentication Phishing from Iran

The anonymous targets who have generously shared these materials with us; Jillian York (EFF); Citizen Lab colleagues including Morgan Marquis-Boire, Masashi Crete-Nishihata, Bill Marczak, Ron Deibert, Irene Poetranto, Adam Senft, and Sarah McKune; Gary Belvin (Google) and Justin Kosslyn (Google Ideas); Cyber Arabs; Jordan Berry, Nart Villeneuve; and two anonymous colleagues. Thanks also to Frederic Jacobs who suggested a change to the wording of the HTTPS check text.
Nickel chemical transformation in polluted soils as affected by metal source and moisture regime

Abstract A laboratory incubation experiment was undertaken to study the periodic changes in the five sequentially extractable chemical fractions: water soluble and exchangeable (F1), NaOAc extractable (F2), organically bound (F3), Fe–Mn oxide bound or reducible (F4) and residual (F5) of nickel added through industrial sludge or inorganic salt in three soils (acidic, neutral and alkaline) under field capacity and flooding moisture regimes during 16 months. Most of soil Ni was present in the residual fraction (60–89%) in unamended soils. Sludge addition increased NaOAc extractable-, organically bound- and Fe–Mn oxide bound- Ni fraction but decreased the proportion of Ni in residual fraction. With inorganic salt as the Ni source, there was an increase in water-soluble and exchangeable- and NaOAc extractable- Ni fractions in acidic soil. In neutral soil, there was an increase in water-soluble and exchangeable-, NaOAc extractable- and Fe–Mn oxide bound- Ni fractions while NaOAc extractable- and Fe–Mn oxide bound- Ni fractions increased in alkaline soil. After 16-month incubation, Ni added as inorganic salt was transformed from the water soluble and exchangeable fraction into the NaOAc extractable fraction in acidic soil. In neutral soil, the water soluble and exchangeable fraction transformed into NaOAc extractable- and organically bound fractions while the water soluble and exchangeable Ni fraction transformed into Fe–Mn oxide bound fraction in alkaline soil under both moisture regimes. With sludge as the Ni source, added Ni was transformed from water-soluble and exchangeable- and residual fractions into the Fe–Mn oxide bound fraction in all soils irrespective of the moisture regime.
Measurement of Glucose Concentration in Blood Plasma Based on a Wireless Magnetoelastic Biosensor

Abstract A wireless magnetoelastic glucose biosensor in blood plasma is described, based on using a mass sensitive magnetoelastic sensor as transducer. The glucose biosensor was fabricated by coating the ribbon‐like, magnetoelastic sensor with a pH sensitive polymer and a biolayer of glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase. The pH response polymer swells or shrinks, thereby changing sensor mass loading, respectively, in response to increase or decrease of pH values. The GOx–catalyzed oxidation of the glucose in blood plasma produces gluconic acid, resulting in the pH sensitive polymer shrinking, which in turn decreases the sensor mass loading. The results show that the proposed magnetoelastic glucose biosensor can be successfully applied to determine the concentration of glucose in blood plasma. At glucose concentration range of 2.5–20.0 mmol/l, the biosensor responses are reversible and linear, with a detection limit of 1.2 mmol/l. Since no physical connections between the sensor and the monitoring instruments are required, this proposed biosensor can potentially be applied to in vivo and in situ measurement of glucose concentration in physiological fluids.
SPECTRAL IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF THE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN WHEAT

The objective of our research was to evaluate the nutritional status expressed through the chlorophyll content in wheat crops, by using the analysis of the digital images taken in the visible spectrum. The study is based on observations of different colors expressed by plants in the visible spectrum, following a different nutritional status. These data about colors were associated and correlated with the chlorophyll content. The biologic material was represented by Alex variety of wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. Vulgare). The nutritional stress which generated the variation in the chlorophyll content was induced by controlled nitrogen fertilization, in doses between 0 - 200 kg active substance ha -1 with four levels of PK 0 - 150 kg active substance ha -1 . Chlorophyll content of wheat plants was determined with a portable chlorophyll meter (Konica Minolta SPAD 502 Plus) to measure absorbance leaves red and near infrared region. Determination of chlorophyll was done in the same time to capture digital images. Capturing digital images made with a Nikon D80 at uniform parameters for all variants. The digital images, captured in the visible spectrum, were analyzed from the point of view of their color spectrum by nonlinear perceptual representation systems RGB, HSB and HSL. Chlorophyll content ranged from 40.26 ± 1.36 (SPAD units) from control variant (P0K0N0) and 55.57 ± 0.55 (SPAD units) at P150K150N200 variant. After the correlative analysis of the numerical values resulted on color channels (H,S,B and H,S,L) and chlorophyll, we obtained correlations with high significance level (very significantly negative correlation between the chlorophyll content and color channel BHSB, r = -0.930). Multi-parameter analysis of the variables, accomplished through cluster analysis and data grouping based on Euclidean distances, places the experimental variants according to the fertilization level. Their disposition is also correlated with the chlorophyll content and HSB and HSL values resulted from tests carried out and from the data stored in digital images.
UPSCALED MODEL FOR DISPERSIVE MASS TRANSFER IN A TUBULAR POROUS MEMBRANE SEPARATOR MODELO ESCALADO PARA LA TRANSFERENCIA DISPERSIVA DE MASA EN UN SEPARADOR TUBULAR POR MEMBRANA POROSA

In this work, the steady-state mass transfer of a non-reactive species in a tubular separator involving a porous membrane is studied. This type of equipment has received considerable attention in the literature since it can be used for gas-gas separation processes. In specific, in this work we are interested in studying transport of oxygen from an air current to a pure helium flow. The air is transported in the annular region, whereas the helium is flowing in countercurrent within the inner compartment of the system. The membrane is permeable to gases in di erent proportions; however, only oxygen is assumed to constitute a dilute solution in both regions of the system. To derive the mathematical model, we averaged the pointwise equations in the system cross-section generating a system of two ordinary di erential equations representing non-equilibrium mass transfer in each region of the system. These upscaled equations are written in terms of e ective-medium coe cients that capture the essential features from the pointwise transport and are predicted from the solution of the associated closure problem. To evaluate the predictive capabilities of the model, we compared the concentration profiles with those from solving the pointwise equations. The influence of the membrane permeability to oxygen transfer is studied and we found a close correspondence between the pointwise and upscaled models.
Measurement of temperature and vapour distribution in an evaporating DISI-spray under engine relevant conditions using two-line excitation laser-induced fluorescence

The main objective in the development of modern IC-engines is the reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emission. Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) strategies are commonly used and especially sprayguided concepts (SG-DISI) offer a high potential to reduce fuel consumption. However, the mixture is not homogeneous through the combustion chamber, and therefore, local hot spots or low temperature regions can appear. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) with two-line excitation is an approved method to measure temperature and fuel vapor distribution under engine relevant conditions. In this study this technique is optimized for simultaneous mass fraction and temperature measurements in DISI sprays. The non-fluorescent surrogate fuel iso-octane with the fluorescence tracer 3-pentanone is used to analyse the jet of a multi-hole injector. The tracer is calibrated with high accuracy using a high temperature calibration cell. Averaged results of the spray measurement are compared to a CFD-simulation, which shows in general a good agreement. Singleshot results are used to analyse cyclic fluctuations of the spray. A detailed error analysis validates the capability of this technique as inaccuracy for the temperature of 3.8% and for the mass fraction of 5.5% were achieved for ensemble averaged measurements, which are useful for model improvements.
MHD FLOW OVER A VERTICAL MOVING POROUS PLATE WITH HEAT GENERATION BY CONSIDERING DOUBLE DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION

The present work analyzes the influence of first order homogeneous chemical reaction and thermal radiation on hydromagnetic free convection heat and mass transfer of a viscous fluid past a semi infinite vertical moving porous plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of thermal diffusion and heat generation. The fluid considered to be gray, absorbing- emitting but non-scattering medium and Rosseland approximation is considered to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation the plate is considered to be a moving with constant velocity in the direction of the flow field while the free stream velocity is assumed to follow exponentially increasing small perturbation law. A uniform magnetic filed as perpendicular to the porous surface, which absorbs the fluid with a suction velocity varying with respective to time. The non-dimensional governing of motions are solved analytically using two-term harmonic functions. The effects of critical parameters influencing the governing equations are examined in the greater detailed and the effects are presented graphically.
Induced freezing of supercooled water into ice by self-assembled crystalline monolayers of amphiphilic alcohols at the air-water interface

The induced freezing of drops of supercooled water covered by uncompressed monolayers of the aliphatic alcohols C n H 2n+1 OH, n=16-31 was investigated. The ice-nucleation temperatures were found to depend on the length of the hydrocarbon chain and the parity of the number of carbon atoms in the chain. A gradual increase of the freezing point from -14 o C leveling off to a plateau at -7.5 o C from n=22 onward was observed for the even series. Alcohols with n odd raised the freezing temperature from -11 to -1 o C for n=17-31. Fatty acids (C n H 2n+1 COOH) or alcohols bearing a fluorocarbon chain or a steroidal backbone as the hydrophobic part induced nucleation of ice at much lower temperatures
Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Photocurrent Behavior of Strongly Emissive Boron‐Chelate Heterochrysene Derivatives

A BPh2-chelated heterochrysene derivative has been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal analysis of its analogous BF2 complex shows that all carbon and nitrogen atoms are almost in a plane, while the boron atoms twist out of this plane with a torsion angle of 28.796° measured between plane OBN and plane C1–C4–C4′. The BPh2 and BF2 compounds emit strong yellow and green light in methylene chloride with high fluorescence quantum yields, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the thermal stability of both compounds is high. In addition, a photoswitching device was fabricated based on a thin film of the BF2 complex spin-coated onto single-walled carbon nanotubes, which produces a steady and reproducible photocurrent response.
AN EULERIAN MODEL TO IMPROVE THE PRIMARY BREAKUP MODELING OF ATOMIZING JET

This paper addresses the issue of the atomization modeling. In order to take into account the very initial phenomena occurring at the start of this process, the so-called primary break-up, an Eulerian one flow model is used instead of the usual Lagrangian particle models more appropriate for the secondary break-up. In the initial part of the spray the liquid flow is not a set of droplets, and both interactions between liquid-liquid particles and gas-liquid particles are very strong. Due to the high initial velocity difference, between the liquid and the gas flow, the initial mixture flow can be considered as a turbulent flow. Therefore this is the turbulence model that drives the initial dispersion of the liquid. The main point of the work presented here will be a study of what will be an appropriate turbulent model for representing this phenomenon. In order to complete the modeling of the atomization, the whole model includes an equation for the liquid surface density which permits to know a characteristic size of the liquid droplets formed in the end. At the point where the spray is diluted enough, a transition to the Lagrangian particles formulation is initiated in order to benefit of the advantages of this approach in the latest stages of the atomization.
Precipitation of polyelectrolytes by salts

Precipitation of poly(acrylic acid) by added salts has been investigated under various conditions. The PAA was neutralized to various degrees of ionization α by tetra-n-butyl ammonium hydroxide. The minimum salt concentration Cs at which precipitation occurs was determined at various polymer concentration Cp, temperature T, and α. The amount of bound cations to polyions, the change in ion hydration, and the polymer expansion near Cs were estimated by conductance, refractive index, and viscosity measurements, respectively. It is concluded that there are two kinds of precipitation; The L type which satisfies the relation Cs ≐ αCp and occurs at high α due to cation binding to the polyions, and the H type in which Cs is independent of Cp and which appears at low α with salts other than those having large ions. This classification of the precipitation is justified also by the Cs – T relation; in the L type, Cs is nearly independent of T, and in the H type Cs increases with T. At intermediate α-values pronounced specificities of salt ions are found in the precipitation; at α = 0.25, with Mg2+ the H type appears, while with Ba2+ or Ca2+ the L type appears, although all of these divalent cations are bound to polyions to the same degree. This is due to the difference in the hydration of the polyion-cation complexes. In the L-type the formation of cation bindings, such as salt bridge, makes the polymer hydrophobic, while in the H type highly concentrated salt ions render the polymer solution unstable by changing the arrangement of the water molecule.
Is the reaction between CH3C(O)O2 and NO3 important in the night-time troposphere?

A discharge-flow system equipped with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) cell to detect NO2 and a multi-pass absorption cell to detect NO3 has been used to study the reaction CH3C(O)O2+ NO3→ CH3C(O)O + NO2+ O2(1) at T= 403–443 K and P= 2–2.4 Torr. The rate constant was found to be independent of temperature with a value of k1=(4 ± 1)× 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The likely mechanism for the reaction is discussed. The atmospheric implications of reaction (1) are investigated using a range of models and several case studies are presented, comparing model results with actual field measurements. It is concluded that reaction (1) participates in a cycle which can generate OH at night. This reaction cycle (see text) can operate throughout the continental boundary layer, but may even occur in remote regions.
Adsorption Equilibria of Aromatic Compounds on Activated Carbon, Silica Gel, and 13X Zeolite

The adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the activated carbon, silica gel, and type-13X synthetic zeolite were investigated by a gravimetric adsorption method. The sorbates (VOCs) include benzene, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and m-xylene. The equilibrium isotherm data obtained from this study were fitted by the Freundlich equation. The standard deviations for the predicted adsorption isotherms in the activated carbon bed were from 0.44 to 0.92, and the standard deviations were from 0.25 to 4.79 in the silica gel bed and were from 0.12 to 0.87 in the 13X zeolite bed.
Growth, Morphology, Thermal, Spectral, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of l-Arginine Bis(trifluoroacetate) Crystal

Single crystals of the nonlinear optical material, l-arginine bis(trifluoroacetate), with dimensions of 32 × 21 × 4 mm3 were grown by the temperature-lowering method from its aqueous solution. The crystal structure was determined using X-ray single-crystal diffraction at 93 K. X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopic investigations were used to characterize the grown crystal. Morphological analysis reveals that the crystal is a rhombohedron with the major forms of (001), (101), and (100). UV−visible−NIR absorption spectrum and second harmonic generation were investigated to explore its characteristic optical features. Thermogravimetric (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were carried out to characterize the thermal behaviors of the grown crystals. In addition, the specific heat at low temperature and thermal expansion coefficients along the principal axes were determined. I.
Preparation of Thin Palladium Membranes by a Novel Method Based on Photolithography and Electrolysis

A negative resist was spin-coated on the surface of a 50-μm thick copper film, and was solidified as a protection film. A palladium layer was then electrodeposited on the other uncovered surface. After removing the protection film, the resist was again spin-coated on the copper surface, and a pattern of microslits was transferred by photolithography. After development, the microslits were electrolytically etched out. Thus a palladium membrane of 5 mm in diameter was formed as an assemblage of thin layers formed in the microslits. The palladium membranes prepared were characterized by SEM observation, as well as by permeation measurements for hydrogen and nitrogen at 573-873 K. The palladium membrane, which was 3 μm in thickness and formed on a polished copper film, showed a separation factor of hydrogen to nitrogen of 120 at 873 K.
Efficiency of Schottky barrier solar cells

An investigation is made of the efficiency dependence of Schottky barrier solar cell on the thickness of the interface layer, surface states, doping density of the substrate, and the metal work function. The tunneling probability of electrons across the interface layer and the recombination of charges due to surface states are properly accounted for. Die Abhangigkeit des Wirkungsgrades einer Schottky barrieren-Solarzelle von der Dicke der Grenzschicht, den Oberflachenzustanden, der Dotierungsdichte des Substrats sowie der Metall-austrittsarbeit wird untersucht. In den Rechnungen werden die Tunnelwahrscheinlichkeit uber die Grenzflache und die Rekombination der Ladungen infolge der Oberflachenzustande korrekt berucksichtigt.
ON THE ABSORPTION OF NITRATE BY MAIZE IN WATER CULTURE

The combined influence of several environmental factors (nitrate concentration, pH, bicarbonate concentration and temperature) on the rate of nitrate absorption was investigated in intact maize roots in water culture. By means of a carrier hypothesis (picture of a revolving belt) the results may be described as follows. No measurable diffusion resistance is present between the carrier system and the environment. The carrier, therefore, acts at the very surface of the epidermal root protoplasm; it has a highly specific affinity to nitrate ions and its loading capacity is influenced by pH between 6 and 8. A ‘solidification’ of lipoid membranes is supposed to inhibit nitrate absorption at temperatures below 10° centigrade.