Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and electromyographic responses to stretch of the human ankle extensors.

1. During maintained ankle extension with background torques ranging from 0 to 70 N.m, the ankle extensors were stretched by a 5 degree rotation of the ankle joint. Maximal stretch velocity was 170 degrees/s. Regression analysis of simultaneous measurements of total torque and needle and surface electromyograms (EMG) from the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles showed that the soleus muscle generates about two-thirds of the maximal torque (approximately 120 Nm) with the subjects in sitting position. In addition, it was found that there is considerable cross talk between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles when EMGs are recorded by surface electrodes. 2. The soleus EMG response to stretch began with a "phasic" response (latency 41 +/- 4 ms, mean +/- SD), consisting of two peaks, labeled M1 and M2. The phasic response ended 120-140 ms after stretch onset and was followed by a period of reduced EMG activity, ending at 170-210 ms. After this "silent period," a smaller "tonic" response was seen. The phasic responses of the soleus muscle were much larger than the corresponding responses in the anterior tibial muscle. In contrast, the tonic responses were comparable in the soleus and anterior tibial muscles. 3. The amplitudes of the phasic M1 and M2 responses were independent of the level of the background contraction. This disagrees with the "automatic gain principle," according to which the amplitudes of M1 and M2 should increase proportionally with the background EMG. In contrast to the phasic responses, the amplitude of the tonic EMG response, measured 200-400 ms after stretch onset, followed the automatic gain principle. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficiency-Accuracy Trade-off for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Network

Spectrum sensing is the first and foremost step in cognitive radio technology, where sensing efficiency and accuracy cannot be simultaneously optimized. Tradeoff between the two metrics is represented by sensing duration and sensing period, which are among the most important parameters in spectrum sensing. Aiming at maximize overall available spectrum opportunity, an efficiency-accuracy tradeoff is proposed with interference to licensed user under specified threshold. Based on Neyman-Pearson criterion, joint optimal mathematical model is established and closed-form expressions are derived. Optimal sensing parameters can be obtained and simulation results verified our proposed scheme.
Byzantine Agreement in a Generalized Connected Network

Traditionally, the Byzantine Agreement (BA) problem is studied either in a fully connected network or in a broadcast network. A generalized network model for BA is proposed in this paper. A fully-connected network or a broadcast network is a special case of the new network architecture. Under the new generalized network model, the BA problem is reexamined with the assumption of malicious faults on both processors and transmission medium (TM), as opposed to previous studies which consider malicious faults on processors only. The proposed algorithm uses the minimum number of message exchanges, and can tolerate the maximum number of allowable faulty components to make each healthy processor reach a common agreement for the cases of processor failures, TM failures, or processor/TM failures. The results can also be used to solve the interactive consistency problem and the consensus problem. >
Circuit design issues in multi-gate FET CMOS technologies

Multi-gate FETs are promising for sub-45nm CMOS technologies. To address the link between design and technology, basic digital and analog circuits are fabricated using FinFET and triple-gate FETs. Digital circuit performance, leakage currents, and power dissipation are characterized. The triple-gate FET achieves the lowest gate delay (27ps at 1.2V) and is >30% faster than FinFET with same oxide thickness of 2nm and gate lengths of 80nm. A FinFET-based Miller OpAmp achieves 45dB dc gain at 1.5V
Modification of canny edge detection for coral reef components estimation distribution from underwater video transect

In recent years, monitoring of coral reef status and health are done with the assist from image processing technique. Since underwater images are always suffer from major drawbacks, research in this area is still active. In this paper, we propose to use edge based segmentation where we modify the original canny edge detector and then use the blob processing technique to extract dominant features from the images. We conduct the experiments using images that are extracted from video transect and the results are promising for estimating coral reefs distribution.
Design and Performance Investigation of Novel Linear Switched Flux PM Machines

A novel partitioned primary linear switched flux permanent magnet (PLSFPM) machine is presented, which adopts an odd number of primary poles. For the design objective of minimum thrust ripple, the optimized novel PLSFPM machine with 9 primary/10 secondary (9/10) pole combination is obtained. To this optimized PLSFPM machine, the electromagnetic performance is analyzed in detail and compared with that of the original one. The merits of this 9/10 pole combination are also proved by comparative study with other three available pole combinations. Moreover, comparison between the proposed PLSFPM machine and a conventional linear switched flux permanent magnet machine has been performed, which shows that the proposed machine can achieve better performances under both open-circuit and load conditions. The corresponding prototype is manufactured and the influences of possible machining errors during manufacture on thrust force performance are discussed. Finally, the experiment is carried out, which verifies the predicted results. The research shows that the proposed PLSFPM machine with 9/10 pole combination has high thrust force and low thrust ripple.
Brief guide to the analysis, interpretation and presentation of microbiota data

There has been an increase in research using new ‘omic’ technologies1 (those allowing the study of a large biological data set) designed to define and describe the microorganisms we carry, and their impact on health and disease. Omic technologies generate enormous quantities of complex data, so a major challenge is interstudy and intrastudy comparisons. This article provides an overview of terminology and data generation, and uses one of our study data sets to demonstrate different presentations of those data. Bacteria are important in a range of physiological processes in humans2: nutrient assimilation, vitamin production, modification of the nervous system (the gut-brain axis) and development of the immune system.3 Pathological changes in gut microbial communities (dysbiosis) have been associated with a wide range of diseases including skin and psychiatric disorders,4 5 as well as diseases with high mortality in preterm infants such as infection and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). NEC, for example, has been associated with reduced microbial diversity and increase in specific classes of bacteria, such as Gammaproteobacteria.6–8 Identified by culture, bacteria were traditionally classified by physical characteristics into taxonomic ranks—phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Sequencing-based technologies rely on similarity in DNA sequences to determine organisms’ phylogenetic relatedness to other species. DNA sequencing is a method for assessing microbial communities which works either through identification of all genomes within a community (metagenomics), or using specific marker genes such as the 16S rRNA gene.9 The bacterial 16S rRNA gene can be used to group sequences by percentage similarity to each other, typically ‘binning’ (collecting together) all sequences with more than 97% similarity as a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU), which is then cross-referenced with databases to identify bacterial genus (or higher taxonomic levels if genus is unavailable). The relatively short read length of 16S rRNA gene …
Multiplex Assay Based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Rapid Identification of Brucella Isolates at the Species Level

ABSTRACT The genus Brucella includes a number of species that are major animal pathogens worldwide and significant causes of zoonotic infections of humans. Traditional methods of identifying Brucella to the species level can be time-consuming, can be subjective, and can pose a hazard to laboratory personnel in the absence of suitable biocontainment facilities. Using a robust phylogenetic framework, a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define particular species within the genus were identified. These SNPs were used to develop a multiplex SNP detection assay, based on primer extension technology, that can rapidly and unambiguously identify an isolate as a member of one of the six classical Brucella species or as a member of the recently identified marine mammal group.
AS UNIVERSIDADES E INSTITUTOS DEPESQUISA NO CONTEXTO DA INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA NO BRASIL

The understanding that the academic research offers an important contribution for the economic development and growth, through the technological progress, it has been thoroughly accepted and discussed. The purpose of this study consisted of accomplishing a reflection on the impact of the academic research in the process of industrial innovation, focusing mainly, the contribution of the Universities and Research Institutes as sources of information for the innovative industries. For so much, it was discussed the contribution of the universities and research institutes for the industrial innovation in Brazil, through analyses descriptive and factorial of the innovative process in Brazil, using data of the period 19982005 of the Industrial Research of Technological Innovation PINTEC, made available by IBGE. In this reflection, it is understood that in spite of the participation of the universities and research institutes in the process of technological innovation of the Brazilian companies to have a small paper, the factorial analysis of correspondence shows still that the participation is important for the companies that maintain that partnership.
Instituição Policial e Inovação: Configuração Atual e Ideal em Mintzberg

Mintzberg desenvolve, desde a decada de 1960, estudos voltados para a pratica gerencial e formas organizacionais. Dentre seus escritos, encontram-se as escolas de pensamento estrategico e um levantamento das formas de organizacoes predominantes. Com base nessa literatura, esse ensaio teorico visa a analisar o modelo organizacional a ser adotado pelas policias brasileiras para obtencao de um ambiente mais propicio a inovacao. O modelo atual de gestao encontrado nas policias se caracteriza pelo excesso de formalizacao e centralizacao do poder. Essas organizacoes nao se apresentam como um ambiente favoravel ao desenvolvimento do policial enquanto especialista e restringem a autonomia desse, inviabilizando uma atuacao inovadora. Assim, propoe-se que as organizacoes policiais adotem uma forma semelhante a organizacao profissional, conforme modelo delineado por Mintzberg (1995), em que os gestores desenvolvem as atividades de suporte a atividade-fim exercida com autonomia pelos especialistas, de acordo com o proposto por Etzioni (1976).
The healing of segmental bone defects induced by demineralized bone matrix. A radiographic and biomechanical study.

UNLABELLED We studied the effect of demineralized bone matrix on the repair of large femoral diaphyseal defects in a rat model by clinical, radiographic, and biomechanical methods. A standard procedure was first developed to create segmental defects that did not heal and in which non-union developed consistently. The effect of demineralized bone matrix on repair was then assessed by physical examination, serial radiographs, and biomechanical studies to determine deformation to failure, stiffness, torsional strength, and energy absorption. By twelve weeks, the defects that had been treated with demineralized bone matrix showed satisfactory repair and remodeling in most animals based on clinical and radiographic evaluation. The biomechanical studies demonstrated that the bone induced by demineralized bone matrix had an energy-absorption capacity and stiffness equal to those of intact rat femoral bone. The bone induced by demineralized bone matrix achieved 35 per cent of the torsional strength of normal bone and an increased capacity to deform under load. These biomechanical properties are similar to those observed in the early stages of normal fracture repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE An effective, readily available alternative to autologous bone-graft material would have a variety of clinical uses in orthopaedic surgery, such as augmenting fusions, aiding in the repair of high-risk fractures, and filling or bridging bone defects. Demineralized bone matrix may provide an important tool for these purposes by inducing bone that has the mechanical properties of fracture callus. This would reduce the morbidity associated with harvesting autologous bone and have an advantage over allografts or synthetic biomaterials that require incorporation by the host before they can support mechanical loads.
Excitatory synaptic responses mediated by GABAA receptors in the hippocampus

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the cortex. Activation of postsynaptic GABAA receptors hyperpolarizes cells and inhibits neuronal activity. Synaptic responses mediated by GABAA receptors also strongly excited hippocampal neurons. This excitatory response was recorded in morphologically identified interneurons in the presence of 4-aminopyridine or after elevation of extracellular potassium concentrations. The synaptic excitation sustained by GABAA receptors synchronized the activity of inhibitory interneurons. This synchronized discharge of interneurons in turn elicited large-amplitude inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in pyramidal and granule cells. Excitatory synaptic responses mediated by GABAA receptors may thus provide a mechanism for the recruitment of GABAergic interneurons through their recurrent connections.
Hosted Science: Managing Computational Workflows in the Cloud

Scientists today are exploring the use of new tools and computing platforms to do their science. They are using workflow management tools to describe and manage complex applications and are evaluating the features and performance of clouds to see if they meet their computational needs. Although today, hosting is limited to providing virtual resources and simple services, one can imagine that in the future entire scientific analyses will be hosted for the user. The latter would specify the desired analysis, the timeframe of the computation, and the available budget. Hosted services would then deliver the desired results within the provided constraints. This paper describes current work on managing scientific applications on the cloud, focusing on workflow management and related data management issues. Frequently, applications are not represented by single workflows but rather as sets of related workflowsworkflow ensembles. Thus, hosted services need to be able to manage entire workflow ensembles, evaluating tradeoffs between completing as many high-value ensemble members as possible and delivering results within a certain time and budget. This paper gives an overview of existing hosted science issues, presents the current state of the art on resource provisioning that can support it, as well as outlines future research directions in this field.
One-step behaviour of a method for finding a maximal solution of a system of linear inequalities

It has been observed empirically that a simple linearization method applied to the problem of finding maximal solutions to systems of linear inequalities frequently terminates in one step. This is normally a Kuhn-Tucker point, and depending on the starting point, can be a global solution. An explanation of this phenomenon is given, and this is illustrated by examples.
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma With Signet Ring Cell Features: A Comprehensive Study From 3 Distinct Patient Cohorts

Comprehensive biological characteristics of pulmonary adenocarcinomas with signet ring cell features (SRC+) are not well known. Herein, we systematically evaluated clinical and molecular features of SRC+ cases with particular attention to smoking status. Surgically treated lung adenocarcinomas (n=763) with follow-up ≥5 years in 3 cohorts were reviewed: all patients in 2006 to 2007 (“all-comers,” n=222; 168 ever-smokers), a never-smoker cohort (n=266), and a cohort of ever-smokers (n=275). SRC+ tumors had ≥10% of SRCs agreed by 2 pathologists. SRC+ cases were tested for rearrangement of ALK and ROS1, as well as 187 known mutations in 10 oncogenes including EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, JAK2, AKT1, AKT2, KIT, MET, and PIK3CA. Overall, 53 of 763 cases (7%) were SRC+. In the 2006 to 2007 “all comer” cohort, 9% were SRC+. In the never-smoker cohort, 9% were SRC+. In the smoker cohort, 3% were SRC+. Univariable analysis showed that SRC+ never-smokers had shorter overall and disease-free survival (P=0.006 and 0.0004, respectively), but the significance faded in the multivariable analysis. For the other 2 cohorts, crude 5-year survival was decreased by 6% to 27% in SRC+ cases without reaching statistical significance. In SRC+ tumors, KRAS mutation was most common (29%), followed by ALK (26%), EGFR (18%), ROS1 (6%), BRAF (6%), and PIK3CA (3%). In summary, SRC+ tumors in never-smokers had a worse survival by univariable analysis only. SRC+ cases seemed enriched for ALK+ and ROS1+, and other mutations were generally in keeping with the patient’s smoking status.
Green ICT: Energy Efficiency in a Motorway Model

Green ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is a new focus with the goal of saving energy by optimizing mobile network communications and ultimately protecting the natural climate. Here we consider the design of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) to reduce energy consumption due to communications. Based on a realistic transport traffic scenario on a motorway, ”M4” in UK, this paper computes the energy consumption in a motorway ad-hoc wireless network. This is based on a Geographical Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) topology management protocol, where the energy consumption has been analysed for equal-grid, adjustable-grid and genetic algorithm models. Considering nodes in the VANET network and their transmission ranges, this paper provides a network model to compute the energy consumption of VANETs and compare their energy efficiency performance. As a result, the proposed genetic algorithm model has been found to be more energy efficient than the adjustable-grid model which is better than the equal-grid model.
Browser Blacklists : A utopia of phishing

Mobile devices especially smartphones have gained widespread adoption in recent years, due to the plethora of features they offer. The use of such devices for web browsing, accessing email services and social networking is also getting continuously more popular. The same holds true for other more sensitive online activities, such as online shopping, contactless payments, and web banking. However, the security mechanisms available on smartphones are not yet mature, while their effectiveness is still questionable. As a result, smartphone users face increased risks when performing sensitive online activities with their devices, compared to desktop/laptop users. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the phishing protection mechanisms that are available with the popular web browsers of the Android and iOS platform. Following, we compare the protection they offer against their desktop counterparts, revealing and analyzing the significant gap between the two. Finally, we provide a comparison between the Safe Browsing API implementation in Google Chrome and the Safe Browsing Lookup API, revealing significant inconsistencies between the two mechanisms.
Proliferative response of Tax1-transduced primary human T cells to anti-CD3 antibody stimulation by an interleukin-2-independent pathway

The growth properties of human T-cell leukemia virus Tax1-transduced primary human T cells derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes were compared with those of the same subset of T cells transduced with a control vector. Tax1-transduced T cells exhibited slightly elevated responsiveness to externally added interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a markedly higher proliferative response to stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody. The proliferation after anti-CD3 antibody stimulation was mainly via an IL-2-independent pathway. Therefore, some other mechanism than the previously proposed IL-2 autocrine model seems to be involved in the process of deregulation of T-cell proliferation by Tax1. Moreover, Tax1-transduced T cells have continued to proliferate in medium containing IL-2 long after control T cells ceased to grow, and so they are considered to be immortalized.
Prevalence of Noninvasive Fungal Sinusitis in South Australia

Background The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of noninvasive fungal sinusitis in patients with chronic sinusitis and thick viscous secretions in South Australia. Methods We studied of 349 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery in a specialized rhinology practice. Patients with nasal polyposis and thick fungal-like sinus mucin had operative samples sent for microscopy and fungal culture. Evidence of atopy was taken as positive radioallergosorbent or skin-prick tests to fungi. Results One hundred and thirty-four (38%) patients were noted to have thick, viscid sinus mucin, raising suspicion of fungal disease. Ninety-three patients had positive fungal cultures or microscopy (26.6%). It was possible to classify 95.5% of the patients into subgroups of noninvasive fungal sinusitis or nonfungal sinusitis: 8.6% of patients with allergic fungal sinusitis, 1.7% of patients with allergic fungal sinusitis–like sinusitis, 15.2% of patients with chronic fungal sinusitis, one patient with a fungal ball, and the remaining 69% of patients with nonfungal chronic sinusitis. Conclusion This is the first prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of these increasingly widely recognized conditions. It highlights the need for otolaryngologists to be alert to these not uncommon diagnoses in order for early, appropriate medical and surgical management to be instituted.