Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speaker Verification Using a Dynamic, 'Articulatory' Segmental Hidden Markov Model

Abstract : This is the final report for EOARD project #033060 "Speaker verification using a dynamic, 'articulatory' segmental hidden Markov model". A segmental HMM is HMM whose states are associated with sequences of acoustic feature vectors rather than individual vectors. This report describes the results of experiments in which such a model is applied to text-dependent and independent speaker-detection on the YOHO and Switch-board corpora, respectively. Text-dependent speaker verification results on YOHO using a simple segmental HMM show a 44% reduction in false acceptances compared with a conventional HMM. A type of 'segmental GMM' is then described for text-independent speaker detection. In order to apply this model to the NIST 2003 single-speaker test set, various techniques are developed to reduce its computational load. A range of experiments are then reported which investigate the utility of different aspects of this model for text-independent speaker-detection. From these experiments we have been unable to demonstrate a benefit, in terms of text-independent speaker-detection accuracy, from the use of dynamic segment models corresponding to linear trajectories with non-zero slope. Consequently we have also been unable to demonstrate any benefit from the use of longer segments. Thus there is little evidence from these experiments that non-stationary sections of a speech signal contain important individual differences which can be exploited for speaker-detection. If this is true, it goes some way towards explaining the success of GMM-based approaches. We conclude that further work, to determine definitively the contribution of non-stationary segments to speaker-detection is needed.
Semi-Supervised Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning)

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A Sequential Truncation Parsing Algorithm Based on the Score Function

In a natural language processing system, a large amount of ambiguity and a large branching factor are hindering factors in obtaining the desired analysis for a given sentence in a short time. In this paper, we are proposing a sequential truncation parsing algorithm to reduce the searching space and thus lowering the parsing time. The algorithm is based on a score function which takes the advantages of probabilistic characteristics of syntactic information in the sentences. A preliminary test on this algorithm was conducted with a special version of our machine translation system, the ARCHTRAN, and an encouraging result was observed.
Probabilistic Parsing for Spoken Language Applications

A new natural language system, TINA, has been developed for applications involving spoken language tasks, which integrate key ideas from context free grammars, Augmented Transition Networks (ATN’s) [6], and Lexical Functional Grammars (LFG’s) [1]. The parser uses a best-first strategy, with probability assignments on all arcs obtained automatically from a set of example sentences. An initial context-free grammar, derived from the example sentences, is first converted to a probabilistic network structure. Control includes both top-down and bottom-up cycles, and key parameters are passed among nodes to deal with long-distance movement, agreement, and semantic constraints. The probabilities provide a natural mechanism for exploring more common grammatical constructions first. One novel feature of TINA is that it provides an atuomatic sentence generation capability, which has been very effective for identifying overgeneration problems. A fully integrated spoken language system using this parser is under development.
Safety verification and failure analysis of goal-based hybrid control systems

The success of complex autonomous robotic systems depends on the quality and correctness of their fault tolerant control systems. A goal-based approach to fault tolerant control, which is modeled after a software architecture developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, uses networks of goals to control autonomous systems. The complex conditional branching of the control program makes safety verification necessary. Three novel verification methods are presented. In the first, goal networks are converted to linear hybrid automata via a bisimulation. The converted automata can then be verified against an unsafe set of conditions using an existing symbolic model checker such as PHAVer. Due to the complexity issues that result from this method, a design for verification software tool, the SBT Checker, was developed to create goal networks that have state-based transitions. Goal networks that have state-based transitions can be converted to hybrid automata whose locations' invariants contain all information necessary to determine the transitions between the locations. An original verification software called InVeriant can then be used to find unsafe locations of linear hybrid systems based on the locations’ invariants and rate conditions, which are compared to the unsafe set of conditions. The reachability of the unsafe locations depends only on the reachability of the states of the state variables constrained in the locations' invariants from those state variables' initial conditions. In cases where this reachability condition is not trivially true, the software efficiently searches for a path to the unsafe locations using properties of the system. The third verification method is the calculation of the failure probability of the verified hybrid control system due to state estimation uncertainty, which is extremely important in autonomous systems that rely heavily on the state estimates made from sensor measurements. Finally, two significant example goal network control programs, one for a complex rover and another for a proposed aerobot mission to Titan, a moon of Saturn, are verified using the three techniques presented.
Current-density functionals in extended systems

Dit proefschrift bediscussieert stroomdichtheidsfunctionalen in tijdsafhankelijke stroomdichtheidsfunctionaaltheorie (TDCDFT) voor systemen met periodiciteit. We zijn geinteresseerd in de respons van veeldeeltjessystemen op een kleine externe storingen. Binnen TDCDFT hebben we een uitdrukking nodig voor de zogenaamde uitwisseling-correlatievectorpotentiaal. Vignale en Kohn hebben een uitwisseling-correlatievectorpotentiaal afgeleid door een zwak-verstoord elektronengas te bestuderen. In hun functionaal komen de frequentieafhankelijke longitudinale en transversale uitwisseling-correlatiekernen van het homogene elektronengas voor. Conti, Nifosi en Tosi (CNT) als Qian en Vignale (QV) geven parameterisaties voor beide kernen. We vergelijken de CNT- en QV-parameterisaties in de berekening van de lineaire responseigenschappen van een-dimensionale en drie-dimensionale oneindige polyacetyleenketens. We laten zien dat de resultaten sterk afhangen van de waarden voor het uitwisseling-correlatiegedeelte van de schuifmodulus. Om onze resultaten voor de polariseerbaarheid per eenheidscel van oneindige polymeerketens te vergelijken met die voor eindige polymeerketens introduceren we een extrapolatiemodel. In tegenstelling tot veel extrapolatiemodellen is ons model gebaseerd op de fysieke eigenschappen van polymeerketens. Ons model verschaft een goede benadering om de dielektrische eigenschappen van lange polymeerketens te beschrijven. Verder passen we de VK-functionaal toe op de berekening van de optische spectra van halfgeleiders. We bespreken de resultaten voor silicium. Als we de QV-parameterisatie gebruiken dan stort het optische spectrum ineen. We bediscussieren mogelijke redenen voor dit resultaat. We laten zien hoe we de VK-uitdrukking meenemen in onze formulering voor de lineaire respons van metalen. De verkregen resultaten zijn in goede overeenstemming met experimentele resultaten. We verkrijgen de Drude-achtige staart in het imaginaire gedeelte van de dielektrische functie en de experimenteel gevonden scherpe plasmonpiek in het elektronenenergieverliesspectrum van zilver. We verlichten de voorwaarden die het formele toepassingsgebied van de lokale VK-stroomdichtheidsfunctionaal beperkt door een niet-lokale functionaal van de stroomdichtheid met een soortgelijke structuur te introduceren. De optische spectra van silicium en galliumfosfide berekend met deze niet-lokale functionaal storten ook ineen. Wanneer we alleen de uniforme component van de stroomdichtheid meenemen, liggen de resultaten dichtbij de experimentele resultaten als we een empirisch bepaalde voorfactor gebruiken. We beschouwen dus de juiste fysica door een functionaal van de stroomdichtheid te gebruiken. Echter een goede stroomdichtheidsfunctionaal is nu nog niet beschikbaar.
Algoritmos Genticos para Operao tima de Sistemas de Recursos Hdricos em Tempo Real

Um modelo matemático de otimização baseado em algoritmos genéticos foi desenvolvido e aplicado para determinar a operação ótima em tempo real de um sistema de recursos hídricos sujeito a múltiplos usos e composto por um reservatório e um conjunto de poços. O sistema é responsável pelo abastecimento da cidade de Matsuyama, no Japão. O objetivo é encontrar a alocação ótima diária de água da barragem e dos poços para abastecimento e irrigação de acordo com a previsão de chuva num dado horizonte de operação. Para fins de comparação, o problema é resolvido também por uma técnica tradicional de otimização, mas os resultados mostram que o algoritmo genético encontra soluções melhores.
Connecting Applications - Plone as a Tool for Connectivity to other Resources

Collaborative research increasingly results in greater complexity through an ever-deepening richness of communication methods. Traditional, monolithic methods for the creation of complex, multi-purpose software packages have given way to more agile, inter-connectable products. This change is realised through the availability of common Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). The Australian Research Collaboration Service (ARCS) has sought to integrate a variety of applications together into its online Content Management System (CMS). This CMS, powered by Plone, is integrated with the ARCS Database Service, Google Applications, and other open source products, as a means of delivering a content-rich, collaborative environment. This presentation presents a case study involving one of the research customers. that ARCS is involved with. The authors discuss the customer's specific requirements for a complex collaboration environment and demonstrate how the Plone CMS software is adaptable to requirements, through the integration of a number of different products.
Managing Business Complexity: Discovering Strategic Solutions with Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation

Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS), a way to simulate a large number of choices by individual actors, is one of the most exciting practical developments in business modeling since the invention of relational databases. It represents a new way to understand data and generate information that has never been available before-a way for businesses to view the future and to understand and anticipate the likely effects of their decisions on their markets and industries. It thus promises to have far-reaching effects on the way that businesses in many areas use computers to support practical decision-making. Managing Business Complexity is the first complete business-oriented agent-based modeling and simulation resource. It has three purposes: first, to teach readers how to think about ABMS, that is, about agents and their interactions; second, to teach readers how to explain the features and advantages of ABMS to other people and third, to teach readers how to actually implement ABMS by building agent-based simulations. It is intended to be a complete ABMS resource, accessible to readers who haven't had any previous experience in building agent-based simulations, or any other kinds of models, for that matter. It is also a collection of ABMS business applications resources, all assembled in one place for the first time. In short, Managing Business Complexity addresses who needs ABMS and why, where and when ABMS can be applied to the everyday business problems that surround us, and how specifically to build these powerful agent-based models.
ARTIFICIAL COMPANIONS AS A NEW KIND OF DIALOGUE INTERFACE TO THE FUTURE INTERNET

This paper seeks to connect the future of the Internet to a new, even though relatively underdeveloped, technology, that of computer speech and language and its embodiment in a concept I shall call an Artificial Companion. Before moving to describe the integration that constitutes the Companion, we must first mention three technologies, not only in their own right but because, in each case, there have been misunderstandings about their achievements and goals. They are: Language and speech technology Agents and the Semantic Web The first of these is the major component technology that will make Companions possible: it is the assumption that the whole of our life information over which we have control, texts, images, video etc., will be stored on and accessed through, the Internet. The second is Berners-Lee’s [Berners-Lee et al., 2001] vision of how the Internet will change, and it is to that new Internet we intend the Companion as the human interface, on the ground that without it, the Internet may get harder not easier to use, and we shall return to the Semantic Web at the end of this paper. The third notion above is that agents will change from transitory software entities that e.g. locate a cheap camera on the internet, to more permanent social Companion entities that deal with a user through dialogue over a long period, learn his or her needs and preferences and elicits large quantities of life data though conversation.
Sharp, reliable predictions using supervised mixture models

This doctoral dissertation develops a new way to make probabilistic predictions from a database of examples. The method looks for regions in the data where different predictions are appropriate, and it naturally extends clustering algorithms that have been used with great success in exploratory data analysis. In probabilistic terms, the new method looks at the same models as before, but it only evaluates them for the conditional probability they assign to a single feature rather than the joint probability they assign to all features. A good models is therefore forced to classify the data in a way that is useful for a single, desired prediction, rather than just identifying the strongest overall pattern in the data. The results of this dissertation extend the clean, Bayesian approach of the unsupervised AutoClass system to the supervised learning problems common in everyday practice. Highlights include: (1) clear probabilistic semantics; (2) prediction and use of discrete, categorical, and continuous data; (3) priors that avoid the overfitting problem; (4) an explicit noise model to identify unreliable predictions; (5) the ability to handle missing data. A computer implementation, MultiClass, validates the ideas with performance that exceeds neural nets, decision trees, and other current supervised machine learning systems. The dissertation is written for a general audience with many, many examples to motivate the new ideas. The scope of potential applications is very large, including problems like evaluating student admissions applications, assessing credit risk, and identifying customers likely to order from Tiffany's latest Christmas gift catalog.
TeaBag: A Functional Logic Language Debugger ?

We describe a debugger for functional logic computations. The debugger is an accessory of a virtual machine currently under development. A distinctive feature of this machine is its operational completeness of computations, which places novel demands on a debugger. We give an overview of the debugger's features, in particular the handling of non- determinism, the ability to control non-deterministic steps, to remove context information, to toggle eager evaluation, and to set breakpoints on both functions and terms. We briefly describe the debugger's architecture and its interaction with the associated virtual machine. Finally, we describe a short debugging session of a defective program to show in action debugger features and window screenshots.
The LISSOM Cortical Model

A Kohonen SOM is very limited as a model of cortical function: • Picking one winner is valid only for a very small patch with very strong lateral inhibition. • Full connectivity is possible only for very small cortical networks. • Lateral interactions are forced to be isotropic, contrary to biological evidence. • Euclidean distance metric is not clearly relatable to neural firing or synaptic plasticity.
A Semantic Network of English Verbs

This chapter contains sections titled: The Ocanization Of Verbs In Word Net, Lexical And Semantic Relations Among Verbs And Synsets, Polysemy, Testing The Psychological Validity Of The Wordnet Model, Alternative Models Of The Verb Lexicon, Semantic Relations And Syntactic Regularities, Conclusion, References
Tecton: A Framework for Specifying and Verifying Generic System Components

This paper presents the syntax and semantics of a small language for describing and using abstract concepts in formal software development and hardware design. The language provides deenition, abbreviation, extension, and lemma constructs, which have general mathematical descriptive power, plus a computation-speciic realization construct. The semantics, which is denotational, includes speciication of the requirements (\legality con-ditions") that must be met when using each construct. The syntax and semantics are such that a corresponding proof theory requires only rst order and inductive proof methods, rather than general higher order techniques as required in some frameworks. The language and some of the main proof issues are illustrated with an extended example of a behavioral and structural description of a carry-lookahead adder circuit, with the circuit realization given in terms of a generic parallel-preex circuit.
Hacking Web Applications Using Cookie Poisoning

Cookie poisoning is a known technique mainly for achieving impersonation and breach of privacy through manipulation of session cookies, which maintain the identity of the client. By forging these cookies, an attacker can impersonate a valid client, and thus gain information and perform actions on behalf of the victim. The ability to forge such session cookies (or more generally, session tokens) stems from the fact that the tokens are not generated in a secure way.
Le point de vue des Innus de Sept-Îles, Uashat et Maliotenam sur les relations entre Autochtones et Allochtones en milieu urbain : Vers une concitoyenneté

L’article expose les resultats d’une recherche qualitative portant sur le point de vue de vingt-quatre participants innus d’Uashat, Maliotenam et Sept-Iles sur les relations entre Autochtones et Allochtones en milieu urbain. La demarche s’appuie sur une approche clinique et interculturelle, dont la perspective holiste concorde avec les facons autochtones d’aborder le savoir et la connaissance. Malgre une marginalisation toujours a l’oeuvre, les donnees demontrent que les Innus sont resolument engages dans un processus de reappropriation et constituent d’ores et deja un acteur social incontournable pour la gouvernance de la ville.
Overview of the CHORUS? Distributed Operating Systems

The CHORUS technology has been designed for building new generations of open, distributed, scalable operating systems. CHORUS has the following main characteristics: g a communication-based architecture, relying on a minimal Nucleus which integrates distributed processing and communication at the lowest level, and which implements generic services used by a set of subsystem servers to extend standard operating system interfaces. A UNIX subsystem has been developed; other subsystems such as objectoriented systems are planned; g a real-time Nucleus providing real-time services which are accessible to system programmers; g a modular architecture providing scalability, and allowing, in particular, dynamic configuration of the system and its applications over a wide range of hardware and network configurations, including parallel and multiprocessor systems. CHORUS−V3 is the current version of the CHORUS Distributed Operating System, developed by Chorus systèmes. Earlier versions were studied and implemented within the Chorus research project at INRIA between 1979 and 1986. This paper presents the CHORUS architecture and the facilities provided by the CHORUS−V3 Nucleus. It also describes the UNIX subsystem built with the CHORUS technology that provides: g binary compatibility with UNIX; g extended UNIX services, supporting distributed applications by providing network IPC, distributed virtual memory, light-weight processes, and real-time facilities. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh This paper is a revised and updated version of an article published in ‘‘Computing Systems’’, The Journal of the Usenix Association, Volume 1, Number 4.  Chorus systèmes, 1990 − 1 − April 15, 1990 Chorus systèmes CHORUS Overview CS/TR-90-25
Reducing the number of shadow rays in bidirectional path tracing

Bidirectional path tracing is a fairly new Monte Carlo algorithm for physically based rendering. Introduced as a generalisation of path tracing, the algorithm traces paths for each pixel, not only from the eye point but also from the light sources. It subsequently links the intersection points on the respective paths by means of shadow rays. Each shadow ray determines if a lighting contribution has to be added to the estimate of the radiance of the pixel. In this paper we present a technique which reduces the number of shadow rays that are traced effectively. The resulting slight increase in the variance of the stochastic process can be undone by taking more samples. Practical tests show that the approach yields a reduction of the variance for the same amount of work.
Carta: La forma vegetal: respuesta a Ethan Russo

En su reciente carta en CANNABINOIDS, Ethan Russo senala la necesidad de que el desarrollo de medicamentos cannabinoides cumpla con el metodo cientifico, porque “los pacientes de todo el mundo buscan una mejoria sintomatica de farmacos aprobados y que sus medicos les pueda recetar, con la confianza de que sea un producto estandarizado, seguro, eficaz y reembolsable por el gobierno o alguna compania de seguros privada” [1]. Su conclusion es que el Sativex es en la actualidad la unica medicina que cumple estos requisitos y, por tanto, el nuevo patron de oro en terapia cannabinoide. Por consiguiente, la carta margina el papel que la forma vegetal puede desempenar en otras formas de utilizacion del cannabis medicinal. Quisiera hablar en defensa del cannabis vegetal, comentando varios puntos de la referida carta.