Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A green positioning algorithm for Campus Guidance System

In this paper, we propose a new CGS, called the Green Campus Guidance System (GCGS). The GCGS employs the Fingerprint Position Algorithm (FPA) using Received Signal Strength (RSS) from mobile stations/user equipment through cellular networks and Location-Based Services (LBSs) for user reference. In experiments, the results show that the error of location estimation using FPA is about 9.92 m. As to power consumption, the cost per sample of GPS is 27.68 times of that of FPA. Consequently, the FPA exerts itself as a green positioning algorithm, and thus can be used to support GCGS.
Catheter ablation in paediatric arrhythmias

The introduction of catheter ablation in the early 1990s was a major step forward in the management of arrhythmias. Before that most children were controlled with long term drug treatment, while a few underwent open heart surgery. Radiofrequency ablation now offers a non-surgical cure and has rapidly been adopted for the treatment of a wide variety of tachycardias. It has also redefined theories about the substrates and mechanisms of several tachycardias (so called “learning while burning”). Catheter ablation is usually performed in conjunction with an invasive diagnostic electrophysiology study, which will identify the critical site in the tachycardia circuit or the origin of abnormal impulse formation. Radiofrequency ablation involves delivery of a high frequency (500 kHz), low energy electric current to the critical area via an intracardiac catheter. The current induces a rise in tissue temperature at the point of contact with the heart and is similar, in a way, to low energy diathermy although the energy, frequency, and waveform are different. If the burn is precisely targeted it will produce a localised lesion to destroy the arrhythmia substrate. Energy delivery can be precisely controlled with catheter tip temperature feedback. The key to management of all tachycardias is a precise diagnosis. “Supraventricular tachycardia” is an inadequate term for a group of up to 12 different tachycardia mechanisms. Knowledge of the age of onset and analysis of 12 lead electrocardiograms recorded in tachycardia and in sinus rhythm will lead to a precise diagnosis in most cases. Knowing the diagnosis, one can define the natural history and plan treatment. Most tachycardias in infancy are due to atrioventricular re-entry via an accessory pathway. In some the pathway functions anterogradely in sinus rhythm producing ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) whereas in most the pathway conducts in a retrograde direction only and is known as “concealed”. …
SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A FOR PROSTAGLANDIN FORMATION

I f p r o s t a g l a n d i n s have p h y s i o l o g i c a l f u n c t i o n s a s hormones o r t r a n s m i t t e r substances,mechanisms f o r v a r y i n g t h e i r release must e x i s t . Unl ike many o t h e r a g e n t s , p r o s t a g l a n d i n s do n o t appea r t o be s t o r e d i n s i g n i f i c a n t amounts i n t i s s u e s b u t form r a p i d l y when t h e t i s s u e s are e x c i s e d and a l lowed t o s t a n d b e f o r e e x t r a c t i o n ( E l i a s s o n , 1959; PaceAsciak & Wolfe, 1968;Vogt e t a l l 1969) . T h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e b i o s y n t h e s i s of p r o s t a g l a n d i n s i s r e l a t e d i n t i m a t e l y t o t h e i r release and a c t i o n under p h y s i o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s , a n d t h a t e x p e r i m e n t a l l y induced or enhanced release may mean s t i m u l a t i o n of b i o s y n t h e s i s , r a t h e r t h a n opening of s t o r e s . I n f a c t , f o r m a t i o n o f p r o s t a g l a n d i n a f t e r p h y s i o l o g i c a l or pha rmaco log ica l s t i m u l a t i o n h a s been obse rved i n v a r i o u s o rgans ( R a m w e l l e t a l l 1 9 6 6 ; Coceani e t a l , 1967;Vogt & DistelkBtter,l967;Davies e t a l l 1 9 6 8 ; B a r t e l s e t a l l 1 9 7 0 ) . The q u e s t i o n a r i s e s as t o which i s t h e ra te l i m i t i n g s t e p of p r o s t a g l a n d i n fo rma t ion which can be a c t i v a t e d and t h u s c o n t r o l t h e l e v e l o f a c t i v e p r o s t a g l a n d i n s . S e v e r a l fac t s s u g g e s t t h a t phospho l ipase A may be a r e g u l a t i n g f a c t o r ( V o g t e t a1 ,1966) . T h i s enzyme would c l e a v e p o t e n t i a l p r e c u r s o r a c i d s from t i s s u e p h o s p h o l i p i d s , and by t h i s a c t i o n p r o v i d e s u b s t r a t e f o r c o n v e r s i o n t o p r o s t a g l a n d i n s . I n f a c t , p e r f u s i o n of gu inea p i g lung o r f r o g i n t e s t i n e w i t h phospho l ipase A l e a d s t o prompt appeara n c e of l a r g e amounts of p r o s t a g l a n d i n i n t h e p e r f u s a t e (Vogt e t a l , l 9 6 9 ; B a r t e l s e t a 1 , 1 9 7 0 ) . F u r t h e r , i n j e c t e d or i n f u s e d a r a c h i d o n i c a c i d a p o t e n t i a l p r e c u r s o r of PGE2 and PGF2, i s c o n v e r t e d t o p r o s t a g l a n d i n s d u r i n g v a s c u l a r p e r f u s i o n of f r o g i n t e s t i n e ( B a r t e 1 s e t a1 ,1970) . By u s i n g a r a c h i d o n i c a c i d it h a s been shown t h a t p r o s t a g l a n d i n o r i g i n a t e s from t h e i n f u s e d p r e c u r s o r and forms r a p i d l y (Kunze,1970) . These f i n d i n g s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e c o n v e r t i n g enzyme system i s h i g h l y a c t i v e i n i n t a c t t i s s u e , l i m i t e d i n i t s e f f i c i e n c y by t h e amount of s u b s t r a t e a v a i l a b l e l a n d t h e y p o i n t t o phospho l ipase A as t h e t r i g g e r i n g enzyme.
Monolithic AWG-based Discretely Tunable Laser Diode With Nanosecond Switching Speed

A novel concept for an arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG)-based fast tunable laser is presented. It is fabricated in the InP-InGaAsP monolithic integration technology. Laser peaks have a sidemode suppression ratio of 30-40 dB. The wavelength switching speed is in the order of a few nanoseconds and switching is achieved by a 1-mA bias current. The switching between AWG channels is discrete and no laser operation takes place at wavelengths corresponding to other channels during the tuning process.
The nature of the fatty acids stored by the liver in the fat-deficiency disease of rats.

THE part played by those unsaturated fatty acids which have been shown to be essential for the maintenance of rats in normal health is as yet quite unknown. A first step in elucidating this problem was to gain further knowledge as to the nature of the fatty acids stored when the animals were kept on a fat-deficient diet, and to observe the changes which occurred in them when the curative acids were fed. At the conclusion of feeding experiments carried out in co-operation with Hume et al. [1938], we selected five groups of rats and examined the fatty acids present in the livers. The long period of preparation necessary before symptoms are sufficiently well established for curative measures to be tested made strict economy desirable and in most cases before the rats were killed the negative controls had been utilized for further tests. It was not, therefore, possible to obtain a large group of negative controls for the isolation of the liver fatty acids and we had not sufficient material to make a separation into phospholipin and neutral fat. In normal animals the greater part ofthe liver fatty acids comes from the phospholipins; in the ox, Bloor & Snider give the proportion of phospholipin fatty acid to acid from neutral fat as 6: 1; this figure is in close agreement with those given by Klenk & Schoenebeck [1932]. Theis [1928], on the other hand, gives the ratio as 5: 4. Monaghan [1932] found that in fasting animals the proportion of neutral fat was much raised. It seems probable that most of the highly unsaturated fatty acids came from the phospholipih fraction, but definite evidence on this point is still required.
Neurons Efficiently Repair Glutamate-induced Oxidative DNA Damage by a Process Involving CREB-mediated Up-regulation of Apurinic Endonuclease 1*

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, activates receptors coupled to membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx that mediates functional responses of neurons including processes such as learning and memory. Here we show that reversible nuclear oxidative DNA damage occurs in cerebral cortical neurons in response to transient glutamate receptor activation using non-toxic physiological levels of glutamate. This DNA damage was prevented by intracellular Ca2+ chelation, the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTMPyP (Mn-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine chloride tetrakis(methochloride)), and blockade of the permeability transition pore. The repair of glutamate-induced DNA damage was associated with increased DNA repair activity and increased mRNA and protein levels of apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). APE1 knockdown induced accumulation of oxidative DNA damage after glutamate treatment, suggesting that APE1 is a key repair protein for glutamate-induced DNA damage. A cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) binding sequence is present in the Ape1 gene (encodes APE1 protein) promoter and treatment of neurons with a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitor (KN-93) blocked the ability of glutamate to induce CREB phosphorylation and APE1 expression. Selective depletion of CREB using RNA interference prevented glutamate-induced up-regulation of APE1. Thus, glutamate receptor stimulation triggers Ca2+- and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA damage that is then rapidly repaired by a mechanism involving Ca2+-induced, CREB-mediated APE1 expression. Our findings reveal a previously unknown ability of neurons to efficiently repair oxidative DNA lesions after transient activation of glutamate receptors.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is a complex condition in which the interaction between a variety of immunopathological and neuropathological mechanisms leads to an approximation of the key pathological features of MS: inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and gliosis. The counter‐regulatory mechanisms of resolution of inflammation and remyelination also occur in EAE, which, therefore can also serve as a model for these processes. Moreover, EAE is often used as a model of cell‐mediated organ‐specific autoimmune conditions in general. EAE has a complex neuropharmacology, and many of the drugs that are in current or imminent use in MS have been developed, tested or validated on the basis of EAE studies. There is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction and the response to various immunological or neuropharmacological interventions, many of which are reviewed here. This makes EAE a very versatile system to use in translational neuro‐ and immunopharmacology, but the model needs to be tailored to the scientific question being asked. While creating difficulties and underscoring the inherent weaknesses of this model of MS in straightforward translation from EAE to the human disease, this variability also creates an opportunity to explore multiple facets of the immune and neural mechanisms of immune‐mediated neuroinflammation and demyelination as well as intrinsic protective mechanisms. This allows the eventual development and preclinical testing of a wide range of potential therapeutic interventions.
Rapid, High Level Protein Production Using DNA-based Semliki Forest Virus Vectors*

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors can be produced faster, and have a wider host range, than baculovirus vectors. However, the original SFV system requires in vitromanipulation of RNA. We have generated a system that is wholly DNA-based. Both the replicon vector, encoding SFV polymerase and the protein of interest, and the helper vector, encoding viral structural proteins, were modified so that expression was RNA polymerase II-dependent. Transfection of the modified replicon plasmid alone generated 20–30-fold more protein than obtained from a simple expression vector. Expression required the SFV replicase, which amplifies replicon RNA. The SFV-based vector generated 10–20-fold more protein than a plasmid based on Sindbis virus. Cotransfection of SFV replicon and helper vectors generated viral titers of around 106 infectious particles/ml. A single electroporation, plated on one 10-cm plate, generated enough virus (107particles) to produce >500 μg of protein. Wild type, replication proficient virus was not detected in three tests utilizing almost 108 viral particles, a distinct advantage over a DNA Sindbis-based system in which over half the virus particles generated are fully infectious. The new SFV vectors significantly enhance the utility of this expression system.
Application of the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need method to predict nursing human resources at a Family Health Service

Objective verify the application of the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need method in the prediction of nursing human resources at a Family Health service. Method descriptive and quantitative study, undertaken at a Family Health service in the city of São Paulo. The set of sequential operations recommended in the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need method was used: definition of the professional category, type of health service and calculation of Available Work Time; definition of workload components; identification of mean time for workload components; dimensioning of staff needs based on the method, application and interpretation of the data. Result the workload proposed in the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need method to nursing technicians/auxiliary nurses was balanced with the number of professionals available at the Family Health service. The Workload Indicators of Staffing Need index amounted to 0.6 for nurses and 1.0 for nursing technicians/auxiliary nurses. Conclusion the application of the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need method was relevant to identify the components of the nursing professionals' workload. Therefore, it is recommendable as a nursing staffing tool at Family Health services, contributing to the access and universal health coverage.
The Gospel Oak Study stage II: the diagnosis of dementia in the community

Synopsis An attempt was made to assess in detail subjects screened as suffering from dementia among a North London community sample of elderly people. Forty-eight (80 %) subjects were interviewed, 7 (12%) were found to have died and 5 (8%) either refused interview or were lost to follow-up. By clinicians' diagnosis of the 48 interviewed, 22 subjects (46%) had probable Alzheimer's disease, one had multi-infarct dementia, five had mixed dementia, five had secondary dementia, 10 had a dementia which could not be further classified and 5 were not demented. No subject had a reversible condition. The prevalence rate for clinical dementia was 6·1 %, and for Alzheimer's disease 3·1 %. According to AGECAT diagnosis the prevalence of organicity was 5·7%. The AGECAT diagnoses and psychiatrists' diagnoses were significantly associated (P < 0·003) and AGECAT was more likely to identify as organic those subjects with dementia diagnosed by psychiatrists as Alzheimer's disease, than those not so diagnosed (P < 0·04). A short psychometric battery, including the MMSE in two versions, was administered and its acceptability to a community sample evaluated. This detailed clinical investigation showed that the Dementia Diagnostic Scale of the Short-CARE was a specific predictor of clinical dementia or death at the time of follow-up, whereas the more inclusive Organic Brain Syndrome scale was a more satisfactory first phase screening instrument.
Les PSE : des outils incitatifs pour favoriser l'intensification écologique ?

Les systemes agricoles ne sont plus evalues seulement sur leur capacite a subvenir a nos besoins alimentaires, mais aussi sur leur capacite a proteger l'environnement, notamment la conservation des sols, des ressources en eau, de la biodiversite, et sur leur contribution a la lutte contre le changement climatique. Ce processus d'intensification ecologique des agro-ecosystemes pourrait etre favorise par un mecanisme de Paiement pour Services Environnementaux (PSE), base sur des incitations economiques. Ce papier propose une premiere base de reflexion appliquee au contexte ouest-africain. Il s'agit de comprendre quels services peuvent etre vendus, en quoi des incitations economiques regulees par le marche peuvent etre attractives pour de petites agricultures familiales et comment elles peuvent faciliter l'adoption durable de nouvelles pratiques agricoles, plus ecologiques, dans des contextes ou les marges de manoeuvre des paysans sont faibles (prise de risque difficile, potentialites du milieu faibles, acces aux intrants et savoirs limites, etc.). Apres avoir explicite les principes du mecanisme PSE et sa mise en politique dans les pays en voie de developpement, nous nous attacherons a presenter deux type de PSE pionniers en Afrique qui concerne la sequestration du carbone dans des systemes agricoles et agroforestiers. Cela nous permet, dans un dernier temps, de proposer un apercu des enjeux de recherche pour le developpement de projets PSE (portant notamment sur la sequestration du C du sol) en Afrique de l'Ouest. (Resume d'auteur)
Hyperspectral and LiDAR data fusion using collaborative representation

This paper investigates an efficient framework for the fusion of hyperspectral and LiDAR-derived digital surface model to improve classification performance, where collaborative representation based classifier is chosen due to its high computational efficiency with an analytical solution. Local binary pattern (LBP) and extinction profile (EP) features are extracted from both the sources, which include different spatial attributes. Then the derived spatial features are fed to a collaborative representation-based classifier with Tikhonov regularization (CRT) to produce representation residuals. Weighted residuals are calculated, and class label is assigned according to the minimal residual class to generate the classification map ultimately. To improve classification accuracy, the kernel CRT (KCRT) is used and residual fusion (RF) is conducted for the representation residuals from different sources and features. In this paper, spatial filtering for KCRT-RF is investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that a guided filter can help improve the fusion performance of KCRT-RF without significantly increasing computing cost.
Thermal modeling of a short-duty motor

In some applications electric motors operate only for a very short period of time. Thermal designs of such motors are extremely important to optimize system weight and size. This paper discusses transient thermal performance of a short-duty rated motor. An analytical study shows that the quality of impregnation plays a significant role in transient performance. Thermal protection with temperature sensors will not be reliable due to delays in temperature measurement, and a predictive protection is essential. The analysis is confirmed by 2-dimentional finite element analysis and prototype motor testing.
High resolution ultrasonic backscatter coefficient estimation based on autoregressive spectral estimation using Burg's algorithm

An autoregressive (AR) method for spectral estimation was applied toward the task of estimating ultrasonic backscatter coefficients from small volumes of tissue. High spatial resolution is desirable for generating images of backscatter coefficient. Data was acquired from a homogeneous tissue-mimicking phantom and from a normal human liver in vivo. The AR method was much more resistant to gating artifacts than the traditional DFT (discrete Fourier transform) approach. The DFT method consistently underestimated backscatter coefficients at small gate lengths. Therefore backscatter coefficient image formation will be quantitatively more meaningful if based on AR spectral estimation rather than the DFT. The autoregressive method offers promise for enhanced spatial resolution and accuracy in ultrasonic tissue characterization and nondestructive evaluation of materials.
Survival of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in frozen and chilled foods.

INTRODUCTION Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Vibrio cholerae are common bacteria that infect people in developing countries. Nowadays, food preservation by freezing and refrigeration are very common practices that extend the shelf life of food products. Unfortunately, EAEC and V. cholerae are suspected to survive at low temperatures. METHODOLOGY Various foods and beverages used as samples were artificially inoculated with EAEC and V. cholerae pure colonies and incubated at room temperature (27°C), refrigeration temperature (4°C), and frozen temperature (-20°C) for one week, two weeks, one month, two months, and three months. The survival of these bacteria was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers to detect their virulence genes (aggR for EAEC and toxR for V. cholerae) that represent the presence of these bacteria. RESULTS This study showed that EAEC was able to survive in all food samples used in this study for at least three months under room temperature, refrigeration temperature, and frozen temperature. V. cholerae had poor survival in almost all food samples over two months under room temperature and over three months under refrigeration temperature. V. cholerae was able to survive in all food samples for at least three months under frozen temperature. CONCLUSIONS The survival of EAEC and V. cholerae in this study should increase our awareness of how hazardous these bacteria are. Therefore, in order to improve food safety and hygiene, advanced preservation and sterilization methods should be discovered to prevent contamination with and survival of EAEC and V. cholerae.