Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational molecular biology : an algorithmic approach

In one of the first major texts in the emerging field of computational molecular biology, Pavel Pevzner covers a broad range of algorithmic and combinatorial topics and shows how they are connected to molecular biology and to biotechnology. The book has a substantial "computational biology without formulas" component that presents the biological and computational ideas in a relatively simple manner. This makes the material accessible to computer scientists without biological training, as well as to biologists with limited background in computer science. Computational Molecular Biology seriesComputer science and mathematics are transforming molecular biology from an informational to a computational science. Drawing on computational, statistical, experimental, and technological methods, the new discipline of computational molecular biology is dramatically increasing the discovery of new technologies and tools for molecular biology. The new MIT Press Computational Molecular Biology series provides a unique venue for the rapid publication of monographs, textbooks, edited collections, reference works, and lecture notes of the highest quality.
The Pseudo-Response Regulator Ppd-H1 Provides Adaptation to Photoperiod in Barley

Plants commonly use photoperiod (day length) to control the timing of flowering during the year, and variation in photoperiod response has been selected in many crops to provide adaptation to different environments and farming practices. Positional cloning identified Ppd-H1, the major determinant of barley photoperiod response, as a pseudo-response regulator, a class of genes involved in circadian clock function. Reduced photoperiod responsiveness of the ppd-H1 mutant, which is highly advantageous in spring-sown varieties, is explained by altered circadian expression of the photoperiod pathway gene CONSTANS and reduced expression of its downstream target, FT, a key regulator of flowering.
The Site of Action of the Antiterminator Protein N from the Lambdoid Phage H-19B*

Transcription antitermination by N proteins of lambdoid phages involves specific interactions of the C-terminal domain of N with the elongation complex (EC). The interacting surface of N on the EC is unknown, knowledge of which is essential to understand the mechanism of antitermination. Specific cleavage patterns were generated near the active site Mg2+of the RNA polymerase of an N-modified stalled EC using iron-(S)-1-(p-bromoacetamidobenzyl)ethylenediaminetetraacetate conjugated to the only cysteine residue in the C-terminal domain of N from a lambdoid phage H-19B. Modification of EC by N also induced conformational changes around the same region as revealed from the limited trypsin digestion and in situ Fe-dithiothreitol cleavage pattern of the same EC. These data, together with the previously obtained H-19B N-specific mutations in RNA polymerase, β (G1045D), and β′ (P251S, P254L, G336S, and R270C) subunits, suggest that the active center cleft of the EC could be the site of action of this antiterminator. H-19B N induced altered interactions in this region of EC, prevented the backtracking of the stalled EC at the ops pause site and destabilized RNA hairpin-β subunit flap domain interactions at the his pause site. We propose that the physical proximity of the C-terminal domain of H-19B N to the active center cleft of the EC is required for the process of transcription antitermination and that it involves both stabilization of the weak RNA-DNA hybrid at a terminator and destabilization of the interactions of terminator hairpin in the RNA exit channel.
Distribution, prevalence and host associations of Hymenoptera parasitic on Calliphoridae occurring in flystrike in New Zealand

Abstract. Between 1920 and 1930, four species of parasitoid Hymenoptera (Tachinaephagus zealandicus, Alysia manducator, Nasonia vitripennisand Brachymeria ucalegon)were imported to New Zealand as an aid in the control of the blowflies causing myiasis in sheep (flystrike). Their long‐term effects have never been investigated and the extent to which they were successful in establishing and enlarging their ranges has been given scant regard over the last 60 years. A long‐term epidemiological study of flystrike in New Zealand between 1986 and 1996 obtained 4061 samples of blowfly larvae from flystruck sheep and carrion and overall 1.1% of these larval samples (most from the North Island) were found to be parasitized. Tachinaephagus zealandicusand A. manducatorwere present in field strikes, together with the endemic Aphaereta aotearecently found to be a parasite of calliphorids. The endemic species Phaenocarpa antipodawas found in association with carrion but not flystrike. Neither N.vitripennisnor B.ucalegonwere isolated from larvae in field strikes, the former because it parasitizes only pupae and the latter may be extinct as it has not been sighted since its introduction in 1919.
Visualization of embryonic lymphangiogenesis advances the use of the zebrafish model for research in cancer and lymphatic pathologies

Lymphangiogenesis induced during tumor growth contributes to metastasis. Genetic and chemical screens using the zebrafish model have the potential to enhance our understanding of lymphangiogenesis, and lead to the discovery of pharmacological agents with activity in the lymphatic system. Large‐scale screening of lymphatic development in the whole zebrafish embryo requires a specific lymphatic endothelial cell marker. We isolated the zebrafish ortholog of Lyve1, and analyzed its expression pattern during embryogenesis, and under conditions where key regulators of lymphangiogenesis such as Prox1 and VegfC were depleted. Like humans, zebrafish embryos form lymph sacs, lymphangioblasts arise from venous endothelia, and they form asymmetric left and right collecting ducts. By monitoring the earliest lymphatic sprouting in the head, a pilot drug assay was performed showing rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian lymphangiogenesis, can also suppress zebrafish lymphangiogenesis. This work opens up a novel opportunity to further the understanding of, and potentially manipulate, human lymphangiogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:2128–2135, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FeCMOS logic inverter circuits with nonvolatile-memory function

Operations of ferroelectric complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (FeCMOS) circuits, which are composed of ferroelectricgate field effect transistors (FeFETs) instead of conventional MOS FETs, are demonstrated for the first time. The FeCMOS circuits have a practical value of saving much power consumption by switching the circuit function between logic and distributed nonvolatile memory. The function switching is possible by momentary expanding supplied voltages before cutting the power-supply. We fabricate FeCMOS inverters as representative logic elements and demonstrate the function switching from logic to nonvolatile memory. As the nonvolatile memory, accurate operations of data write, sleep with no supplied voltages and nondestructive read, are verified. The nonvolatility is confirmed by output-voltage retention measurements.
Reducing Absenteeism From Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Illness in Elementary School Students: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Infection-Control Intervention

BACKGROUND. Students often miss school because of gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses. We assessed the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention, including alcohol-based hand-sanitizer and surface disinfection, in reducing absenteeism caused by gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses in elementary school students. METHODS. We performed a school-based cluster-randomized, controlled trial at a single elementary school. Eligible students in third to fifth grade were enrolled. Intervention classrooms received alcohol-based hand sanitizer to use at school and quaternary ammonium wipes to disinfect classroom surfaces daily for 8 weeks; control classrooms followed usual hand-washing and cleaning practices. Parents completed a preintervention demographic survey. Absences were recorded along with the reason for absence. Swabs of environmental surfaces were evaluated by bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction for norovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and parainfluenza 3. The primary outcomes were rates of absenteeism caused by gastrointestinal or respiratory illness. Days absent were modeled as correlated Poisson variables and compared between groups by using generalized estimating equations. Analyses were adjusted for family size, race, health status, and home sanitizer use. We also compared the presence of viruses and the total bacterial colony counts on several classroom surfaces. RESULTS. A total of 285 students were randomly assigned; baseline demographics were similar in the 2 groups. The adjusted absenteeism rate for gastrointestinal illness was significantly lower in the intervention-group subjects compared with control subjects. The adjusted absenteeism rate for respiratory illness was not significantly different between groups. Norovirus was the only virus detected and was found less frequently on surfaces in intervention classrooms compared with control classrooms (9% vs 29%). CONCLUSIONS. A multifactorial intervention including hand sanitizer and surface disinfection reduced absenteeism caused by gastrointestinal illness in elementary school students. Norovirus was found less often on classroom surfaces in the intervention group. Schools should consider adopting these practices to reduce days lost to common illnesses.
Acute Posterior Fracture Dislocations of the Shoulder Treated with the Neer Modification of the McLaughlin Procedure

Summary Posterior dislocation of the shoulder may be associated with an anteromedial impaction fracture rendering the shoulder unstable in internal rotation. The modified McLaughlin procedure as described by Neer involves transplanting the lesser tuberosity with the attached subscapularis tendon into the anteromedial defect. We have used this procedure acutely (from the day of injury to 10 days postinjury) in seven shoulders. All patients were unstable in internal rotation and had an anteromedial impaction fracture occupying 25–40% of the articular surface. This technique provides good stability, enables immediate active range of motion, and allows the patient to rapidly return to activities of daily living.
FTY720: Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Receptor‐1 in the Control of Lymphocyte Egress and Endothelial Barrier Function

The novel immunomodulator FTY720 is effective in experimental models of transplantation and autoimmunity, and is currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials for prevention of kidney graft rejection. In contrast to conventional immunosuppressants, FTY720 does not impair T‐ and B‐cell activation, proliferation and effector function, but interferes with cell traffic between lymphoid organs and blood. The molecular basis for the mode of action of the drug has only recently been established. FTY720, after phosphorylation, acts as a high‐affinity agonist at the G protein‐coupled sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor‐1 (S1P1) on thymocytes and lymphocytes, thereby inducing aberrant internalization of the receptor. This renders the cells unresponsive to the serum lipid sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), depriving them from an obligatory signal to egress from lymphoid organs. As a consequence, lymphocytes are unable to recirculate to peripheral inflammatory tissues and graft sites but remain functional in the lymphoid compartment. In addition to the effects on lymphocyte recirculation, the drug acts on endothelial cells and preserves vascular integrity by enhancing adherens junction assembly and endothelial barrier function. The available data establish S1P1 as a key target for FTY720, and further point to therapeutically relevant effects of the drug on lymphocytes and vascular endothelium.
Angina may trump ischaemia in predicting stable coronary artery disease outcomes, but most cardiovascular events occur in patients without angina or asymptomatic ischaemia

Commentary on : Steg PG, Greenlaw N, Tendera M, et al., Prospective Observational Longitudinal Registry of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (CLARIFY) Investigators. Prevalence of anginal symptoms and myocardial ischemia and their effect on clinical outcomes in outpatients with stable coronary artery disease: data from the International Observational CLARIFY Registry. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1651–9[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. The presence of angina portends a poor prognosis. Greater attention has recently been directed to asymptomatic ischaemia, the severity of which plays a role in development of chest pain1 and is a robust and independent predictor of mortality in patients with stable angina.2 Ischaemia during normal activity markedly raises the relative risk of cardiac events and mortality in patients with or without heart disease.3 Modern antianginal drugs, secondary prevention, diagnostic/invasive techniques and … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D174%26rft.spage%253D1651%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjamainternmed.2014. 3773%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25110899%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1001/jamainternmed.2014. 3773&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=25110899&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F3%2F111.atom
Sustainability Entrepreneurs, Ecopreneurs and the Development of a Sustainable Economy

This paper focuses on investigating the role that sustainability entrepreneurship may have in engendering a shift in the practices and operations of contemporary capitalism. Sustainability entrepreneurs are increasingly seen as being in the vanguard of a shift to a new form of capitalist development that can help to address fears over global warming, climate change and their associated negative environmental impacts. Such developments can be set within a wider popular and academic discourse of ecological modernisation, at the heart of which is a relatively optimistic view of the potential for technological change to lead to solutions for environmental problems. This paper focuses on a subset of sustainable entrepreneurs termed ‘ecopreneurs’ who seek to combine business practice with sustainable development and so transform their business sectors. The paper suggests that work on sustainable entrepreneurship could be substantially improved by an engagement with the literature on transition management in science and technology studies and makes some suggestions as to how such a research agenda could be advanced.
Influence of acetylcholine and biogenic amines on branchial, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance in the African lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus.

The effects of acetylcholine and biogenic amines on the main vascular beds in lungfish were studied in intact animals and in isolated preparations perfused with physiological solution. Acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin increased the branchial as well as the pulmonary and the systemic vascular resistance. The sensitivity to acetylcholine was highest in the branchial blood vessels. Adrenaline and noradrenaline caused increased resistance in pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, whereas the branchial vascular bed usually responded by dilatation. The results are discussed in relation to the vascular responses obtained with the same pharmacological agents in other species of fish.
Zur zeitdiskreten Implementierung nichtlinearer Regelgesetze (On the Discrete-time Implementation of Nonlinear Control Laws)

Abstract Basierend auf wohlbekannten Entwurfsmethoden der nichtlinearen Regelungstheorie wird für die Klasse der zeitkontinuierlichen dynamischen Systeme ein Zugang zur modellbasierten zeitdiskreten Regelung vorgestellt. Die Berechnung der Stellfolge erfolgt durch die Forderung nach Äquivalenz der Trajektorien des betrachteten dynamischen Systems und denen des durch zeitkontinuierliche Regelung resultierenden geschlossenen Kreises zu diskreten Zeitschritten. Der dazu benötigte Fluss des nichtlinearen zeitkontinuierlichen Systems wird hierfür auf dem Intervall zweier aufeinander folgender Abtastzeitpunkte durch eine Lie-Reihe oder numerische Integration approximiert. In diesem Beitrag werden insbesondere die Methoden der exakten Linearisierung, Regelgesetze basierend auf differentieller Flachheit sowie ein passivitätsbasierter Reglerentwurf hinsichtlich ihrer zeitdiskreten Implementierung untersucht. Erörtert wird auch, dass die Trajektorienfolgeregelung keine Neuplanung der gewünschten Trajektorie erfordert. Schließlich wird die vorgeschlagene Methode anhand der Regelung eines stufenlosen Getriebes illustriert.
Chaos in power electronics

Topics Introduction to power electronics Nonlinearity A default property Classic example: period-doubling in current-mode converters Recent study from bifurcation perspective Bifurcation Behaviors of Circuits studied previously Literature review Current state of findings Comparison of two basic types of bifurcations Border collision from circuit operational viewpoint Basic problems in anaiysis Models and approaches Which model to use? Brief outline of analytical techniques Summary of observations Possible engineering applications An example of application: bifurcation in power-factor-correction converters Conclusion and future work Slide # i 7 8 9 10 15 19 21 22 26 27 29 34 41 42 43 51
Connecting PM2.5 Exposure to Insulin Resistance: Oxidative Stress May Be an Intermediate Step

Animal studies and human epidemiological research suggest that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. But it is unclear how PM2.5 exposure might lead to systemic insulin resistance, the cause of type 2 diabetes. The authors of a new study in mice conclude that oxidative stress in the lungs may be an intermediate step between exposure to PM2.5 and vascular insulin resistance, a precursor of systemic insulin resistance. 1
Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in maternal diets on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets.

Twenty primiparous sows were allocated to two treatments to evaluate the effects of maternal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3 ) supplementation during gestation and lactation on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets. Immediately after mating, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 50 µg/kg 25OHD3 or basal diets without 25OHD3 . Blood and milk samples were obtained. At birth and weaning, 10 piglets from each treatment were killed for bone quality analysis. 25OHD3 -fed sows provided one more piglet at farrowing and 1.17 more piglets at weaning than sows fed basal diets. The contents of solids not-fat, protein, fat or lactose were increased in milk from days 7 and 14 of lactation in 25OHD3 -supplemented sows and 25OHD3 concentrations in milk were increased by dietary 25OHD3 supplementation. Dietary 25OHD3 supplementation increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity but had no effect on serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity of sows. Maternal 25OHD3 supplementation improved bone strength, density and ash content of newborn piglets rather than those of weaning piglets. In conclusion, 25OHD3 supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk quality and bone status of sows as well as bone quality of newborn piglets.
All-dielectric rod-type metamaterials at optical frequencies.

Light propagation in all-dielectric rod-type metamaterials is studied theoretically. The electric and magnetic dipole moments of the rods are derived analytically in the long-wavelength limit. The effective permittivity and permeability of a square lattice of rods are calculated by homogenizing the corresponding array of dipoles. The role of dipole resonances in the optical properties of the rod array is interpreted. This structure is found to exhibit a true left-handed behavior, confirming previous experiments [L. Peng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 157403 (2007)10.1103/PhysRevLett.98. 157403]. A scaling analysis shows that this effect holds at optical frequencies and can be obtained by using rods made, for example, of silicon.
Some space considerations of VLSI systolic array mappings

The space-time mapping of the dependency matrix of an algorithm is used to study spatial properties of a systolic array implementation of a 3-nested loop structure. Elementary expressions are developed for both the number of processing elements and the area of the array. These expressions involve only the space-time transformation and the lengths of the loops. As well, characterizations have been found for the form of the space-time transformation which produces a systolic array with the minimum number of processing elements, and one which has both the minimum number of processing elements and the smallest area. Moreover, the theorems can also be applied to more general algorithms, such as those with variable lengths of loops.
Novel renoprotective actions of erythropoietin: New uses for an old hormone (Review Article)

SUMMARY: Erythropoietin (EPO) has been used widely for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease and cancer chemotherapy for nearly 20 years. More recently, EPO has been found to interact with its receptor (EPO‐R) expressed in a large variety of non‐haematopoietic tissues to induce a range of cytoprotective cellular responses, including mitogenesis, angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of vascular repair through mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow. Administration of EPO or its analogue, darbepoetin, promotes impressive renoprotection in experimental ischaemic and toxic acute renal failure, as evidenced by suppressed tubular epithelial apoptosis, enhanced tubular epithelial proliferation and hastened functional recovery. This effect is still apparent when administration is delayed up to 6 h after the onset of injury and can be dissociated from its haematological effects. Based on these highly encouraging results, at least one large randomized controlled trial of EPO therapy in ischaemic acute renal failure is currently underway. Preliminary experimental and clinical evidence also indicates that EPO may be renoprotective in chronic kidney disease. The purpose of the present article is to review the renoprotective benefits of different protocols of EPO therapy in the settings of acute and chronic kidney failure and the potential mechanisms underpinning these renoprotective actions. Gaining further insight into the pleiotropic actions of EPO will hopefully eventuate in much‐needed, novel therapeutic strategies for patients with kidney disease.
Expert System Design for Elastic Scattering Neutrons Optical Model using BPNN

In present paper, a proposed expert system is designed to obtain a trained formulae for the optical model parameters used in elastic scattering neutrons of light nuclei for (Li), at energy range between [(1) to (20)] MeV. A simple algorithm has used to design this expert system, while a multi-layer backwardpropagation neural network (BPNN) is applied for training and testing the data used in this model. This group of formulae may get a simple expert system occurring from governing formulae model, and predicts the critical parameters usually resulted from the complicated computer coding methods. This expert system may use in nuclear reactions yields in both fission and fusion nature who gives more closely results to the real model.