Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral submucosal fibrosis--a preventable disease.

Oral submucosal fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible disease of unknown aetiology. It affects oral, oropharyngeal, and at times oesophageal mucosa. The earliest description of the disease was by Schwartz in 1952,' and the first Indian cases were reported from Bombay2 and Hyderabad.3 At the time the condition was thought to be caused by disordered growth ofcollagen. It has drawn greater clinical attention over the past 15 years and the purpose of this review is to reconsider its epidemiology, aetiology, and successful prevention.
Emission properties of distributed-feedback plastic wavguide lasers fabricated with imprint lithography

Plastic waveguide laser devices with the distributed-feedback (DFB) resonators were fabricated using an imprint lithography technique, and their emission characteristics were investigated. In a device, in which the DFB grating vector was along the propagation vector of the channel waveguide, the wavelength-selectable DFB lasing emission with the horizontally polarization was observed. When the grating vector deviated from the propagation vector of the waveguide, the emission wavelength showed a red shift due to the effective increase in the grating pitch. Furthermore the polarization direction of the output emission was found to be inclined from the horizontal axis. This polarization characteristic would come from selective excitation of a TE-TM hybrid propagation mode in the channel waveguide.
Splanchnic haemodynamic disturbances in perinatal sepsis

AIM To determine the effect of perinatal bacterial infection on the neonatal splanchnic circulation. SUBJECTS/SETTING 76 premature infants with appropriate birth weight for gestation admitted for neonatal intensive care. METHODS Doppler ultrasound was used to measure blood flow velocity and pulsatility index in the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac axis during the first 24 hours of life. Babies were classified according to the results of blood and surface cultures, as well as the presence or absence of maternal prolonged membrane rupture. RESULTS Infection status had a significant effect on pulsatility index in both arteries, with that in the coeliac axis being reduced from 1.27 to 0.80 in babies with infection (p < 0.0001). Coeliac axis blood flow velocity was significantly increased in those with infection (from 34.6 to 46.5 cm/s; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION As early as the first day of postnatal life, infected neonates show a pattern of splanchnic hyperaemia similar to that found in adult systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Mechanisms for Reversible Regulation between G13 and Rho Exchange Factors*

The heterotrimeric G proteins, G12 and G13, mediate signaling between G protein-coupled receptors and the monomeric GTPase, RhoA. One pathway for this modulation is direct stimulation by Gα13 of p115 RhoGEF, an exchange factor for RhoA. The GTPase activity of both Gα12 and Gα13 is increased by the N terminus of p115 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). This region has weak homology to the RGS box sequence of the classic regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), which act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) for Gi and Gq. Here, the RGS region of p115 RhoGEF is shown to be distinctly different in that sequences flanking the predicted “RGS box” region are required for both stable expression and GAP activity. Deletions in the N terminus of the protein eliminate GAP activity but retain substantial binding to Gα13 and activation of RhoA exchange activity by Gα13. In contrast, GTRAP48, a homolog of p115 RhoGEF, bound to Gα13 but was not stimulated by the α subunit and had very poor GAP activity. Besides binding to the N-terminal RGS region, Gα13 also bound to a truncated protein consisting only of the Dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. However, Gα13 did not stimulate the exchange activity of this truncated protein. A chimeric protein, which contained the RGS region of GTRAP48 in place of the endogenous N terminus of p115 RhoGEF, was activated by Gα13. These results suggest a mechanism for activation of the nucleotide exchange activity of p115 RhoGEF that involves direct and coordinate interaction of Gα13 to both its RGS and DH domains.
Prognostic Factors in Node-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of Studies With Sample Size More Than 200 and Follow-Up More Than 5 Years

ObjectiveTo review the published literature on prognostic factors in patients with node-negative breast cancer, focusing principally on recent studies with large sample sizes and extended follow-up periods. Summary Background DataAlthough numerous studies have examined prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer, relatively few have dealt specifically with node-negative disease, and interpretation has been limited by small sample size and limited follow-up times. MethodsA review of the Medline database from 1996 to 2000 was undertaken, with additional papers published before 1996 identified through review articles. For inclusion in the analysis, papers needed to meet the following core criteria: 200 or more node-negative patients with invasive breast carcinoma; median follow-up time at least 5 years; method of testing and cut-off points specified; overall survival and/or disease-free survival specified; and relative risk or statistical probability values given for comparisons. ResultsThree or more papers that met the core criteria were retrieved for each of 11 potential prognostic factors. Of these, tumor size, tumor grade, cathepsin-D, Ki-67, S-phase fraction, mitotic index, and vascular invasion showed a significant association with survival outcomes; HER2/ neu and DNA ploidy showed no significant association; and estrogen receptor status and p53 showed mixed results. Lack of standardization in measurement techniques for many of the markers, including cathepsin-D, Ki-67, HER2/ neu, and p53, limited their current clinical usefulness. ConclusionsIn large studies with extended follow-up periods, tumor size, tumor grade, cathepsin-D, Ki-67, S-phase fraction, mitotic index, and vascular invasion showed a significant association with survival outcome measures in patients with early-stage node-negative breast cancer. Because of technical difficulties and variations in the measurement of many of these factors, tumor size and tumor grade remain the only markers that currently have broad clinical usefulness for this patient group.
Everything you know is wrong: The amazing time traveling CPU, and other horrors of concurrency

In this paper, we shall explore weak memory models, their insidious effects, and how it could happen to you! It shall explained how and why both compilers and CPUs rewrite your program to make it faster, the inevitable fallout of this, and what you can do to protect your code. We shall craft a lock, building from a naive and broken implementation up to a safe and correct form, and study the underlying model that requires these modifications as we go.
Signaling pathways engaged by NK cell receptors: double concerto for activating receptors, inhibitory receptors and NK cells.

Despite the absence of antigen-specific receptors at their surface, NK cells can selectively eliminate virus-infected cells, tumor cells and allogenic cells. A dynamic and precisely coordinated balance between activating and inhibitory receptors governs NK cell activation programs. Multiple activating and inhibitory NK cell surface molecules have been described, a group of them acting as receptors for MHC class I molecules. In spite of their heterogeneity, activating NK cell receptors present remarkable structural and functional homologies with T cell- and B cell-antigen receptors. Inhibitory NK cell receptors operate at early stages of activating cascades by recruiting protein tyrosine phosphatases via intra- cytoplasmic motifs (ITIM), a strategy which is widely conserved in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells.
The assessment of electromagnetic radiation to electronic equipment in Civil Aviation Building

This passage is to assess the electromagnetic sensitive characteristics of the electronic equipment in Civil Aviation Building. The effects of electromagnetic radiation are from the internal radiation of subway station and the surroundings. Thus, we need to measure for the subway station firstly. Then, through the measurement of environment in Civil Aviation Building, we get the environmental level of the building before the establishment of the subway station. By means of HFSS and calculation, the distribution of electromagnetic field reaching the ground from the station can be obtained. Adding what we get to the original environmental level is the total distribution of electromagnetic field. Finally, we compare the results with the sensitivity limits and analyze the potential interference.
Extraction of DC base parasitic resistance of bipolar transistors based on impact-ionization-induced base current reversal

A method for the evaluation of the DC base parasitic resistance, R/sub B/, of bipolar transistors is described. The method is based on impact-ionization-induced base current reversal and enables R/sub B/ to be evaluated independently from the emitter parasitic resistance in a wide range of emitter current and collector-base voltage, without requiring any special device structure. The method can also extract R/sub B/ in the impact-ionization regime, where current crowding due to negative base current induces an increase in R/sub B/ at increasing emitter current. <<ETX>>
Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Ewe with Somatic Cell Count Procedure in Tabriz Area of Iran

3 Abstract: Mastitis is one of the most serious health and economic problems in dairy sheep flocks. This study was designed to identify rate of subclinical mastitis of ewes in Tabriz area of Iran. For this purpose referred to sheep farms of Tabriz and selected from 20 dairy ewe flocks that was free of clinical mastitis and milk samples gained. Totally 500 milk samples gathered and using Fosomatic method, somatic cells counted. According to results the rate of subclinical mastitis was 20.2 percent. Finally it seems that by training preventive methods considering mammary glands health and rate of subclinical mastitis decreased so that economical benefit of flock and milk products market increase.
The mechanism of action of Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin.

Holmgren, J. (1981) Nature (London) 292, 413417 Hughes, J . M. , Murad, F. , Chang, B. & Guerrant, R. L. (1978) Nature (London) 271, 755-756 Hughes, S. , Warhurst, G. , Turnberg, L. A,, Higgs, N. B. , Giugliano, L. G. & Drasar, B. S. (1983) Gut 24 (2), 94-98 James, C. , Dibley, M. , Burke, V. , Robinson, J. & Gracey, M. (1982) Clin. Expt. Immunol. 47, 3 4 4 2 Leppla, S. H. (1982) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 3162-3166 Moss, J. & Vaughan, M. (1980) in Secretory Diarrhea (Field, M., Fordtran, J . S. & Schultz, S. G., eds.), pp. 107-126, American Physiological Society, Bethesda 11787-11792
Diagnosing Children's Writing Disabilities: Different Tests Give Different Results

Writing problems are common in children with clinical disorders. However, there are significant intra-individual differences between the ability to spell words, construct sentences, and compose text. Therefore, achievement tests measuring different writing skills may not be consistent in identifying children who have these various writing disabilities. Our study compared scores on the Woodcock-Johnson Written Language subtests (which measure the ability to produce single words and single sentences) with scores on the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test Written Expression subtest (which assesses compositional writing skills) in 54 children referred by their teachers to a school psychologist for writing problems. The Woodcock-Johnson only identified 35% of children as having significant writing problems, whereas the Wechsler test identified 78%. Our study suggests that the latter is more likely than the Woodcock-Johnson to identify students who have problems in compositional writing.
Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment: Back to the Future Second and Third Generation Assessment Instruments: The Birth of Standardization in Geriatric Care

The systematic adoption of ‘‘second-generation’’ comprehensive geriatric assessment instruments, initiated with the Minimum Data Set (MDS) implementation in U.S. nursing homes, and continued with the uptake of related MDS instruments internationally, has contributed to the creation of large patient-level data sets. In the present special article, we illustrate the potential of analyses using the MDS data to: (a) identify novel prognostic factors; (b) explore outcomes of interventions in relatively unselected clinical populations; (c) monitor quality of care; and (d) conduct comparisons of case mix, outcomes, and quality of care. To illustrate these applications, we use a sample of elderly patients admitted to home care in 11 European Home Health Agencies that participated in the AgeD in HOme Care (AD-HOC) project, sponsored by the European Union. The participants were assessed by trained staff using the MDS for Home Care, 2.0 version. We argue that the harmonization by InterRAI of the MDS forms for different health settings, referred to as ‘‘the third generation of assessment,’’ has produced the first scientific, standardized methodology in the approach to effective geriatric care.
Tolerance to the Glycopeptides Vancomycin and Teicoplanin in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

ABSTRACT Tolerance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in 90 clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) was investigated by time-kill curve methodology. Only six strains, belonging to the Staphylococcus lugdunensis species, exhibited tolerance. The seven other S. lugdunensis strains tested displayed weak susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of glycopeptides compared to the other CoNS. These phenomena are of concern, since S. lugdunensis is recognized as one of the most pathogenic CoNS.
Phytotoxic , cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of Calendula arvensis

Plants are the natural factories for the synthesis of variety of bioactive compounds. This diverse chemical setup of the plants speaks their important role as biomedicine. These biomolecules are often toxic to both plants and animals. The methanolic extract of Calendula arvensis was screened for its toxic potential against Lemna minor, Artimia salina (Brine shrimps) larvae and some important grains pests. It was observed that C. arvensis exhibited dose dependent toxicity towards Lemna minor, with low toxicity at 10μg/ml and 100μg/ml and moderate activity at 1000μg/ml. Moderate level of cytotoxicity was found LD50 value 9. 23μg/ml against brine shrimp larvae. The insecticidal potential was also dose dependent, while different insects showed variable degree of susceptibility to the same treatment. Callosobruchus analis was the most susceptible pest with LD50 0.51mg/ml, where Trogoderma granarium was the most resistive pest among the five tested insect with LD50 90.50mg/ml.
Reducing Speech Noise for Patients with Dysarthria in Noisy Environments

SUMMARY Dysarthric speech results from damage to the central ner- vous system involving the articulator, which can mainly be characterized by poor articulation due to irregular sub-glottal pressure, loudness bursts, phoneme elongation, and unexpected pauses during utterances. Since dysarthric speakers have physical disabilities due to the impairment of their nervous system, they cannot easily control electronic devices. For this rea-son, automatic speech recognition (ASR) can be a convenient interface for dysarthric speakers to control electronic devices. However, the performance of dysarthric ASR severely degrades when there is background noise. Thus, in this paper, we propose a noise reduction method that im-proves the performance of dysarthric ASR. The proposed method selec- tively applies either a Wiener ﬁltering algorithm or a Kalman ﬁltering algorithm according to the result of voiced or unvoiced classiﬁcation. Then, the performance of the proposed method is compared to a conventional Wiener ﬁltering method in terms of ASR accuracy.
Direct resequencing of the complete ERBB2 coding sequence reveals an absence of activating mutations in ERBB2 amplified breast cancer

Gene amplification is among the most common genetic abnormalities that cause cancer. One of the most clinically important gene amplifications in human cancer causes extensive reduplication of ERBB2. A variety of cancers also occasionally harbor somatic mutations in ERBB2. Gene amplification and activating mutations both have predictive value for clinical response to targeted inhibitors. Since the number of gene copies in an amplicon may exceed 100, and since amplicons may encompass multiple genes, high‐resolution analysis of gene amplifications poses considerable technical challenges. We have overcome this obstacle by using emulsion‐based resequencing to determine the sequence of many independently‐amplified individual DNA molecules in parallel. We used this high throughput sequencing technology to analyze ERBB2 mutational status in five ERBB2 amplified cell lines (four breast, one ovarian) and two breast tumors. Genomic DNA was isolated and the 28 exons of ERBB2 were independently amplified. Amplicons were then pooled at equimolar ratios, subjected to emulsion PCR (emPCR) and finally to picotiter plate pyrosequencing. High‐quality sequence data were obtained for all amplicons analyzed and no activating mutations within ERBB2 were identified. Although we did not find activating mutations within the multiple copies of ERBB2 in these samples, the results establish the utility of this technology as a feasible and cost‐effective approach for high resolution analysis of amplified genes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of social influence and curfews on civil violence

We investigate the policies of (1) restricting social influence and (2) imposing curfews upon interacting citizens in a community. We compare their effects on the social order and the emerging levels of civil violence. We develop an agent-based model that is used to simulate a community of citizens and the police force that guards it. We find that restricting social influence pacifies rebellious societies, but has the opposite effect on peaceful ones. Curfews exhibit a pacifying effect across all types of society.
[Effect of cranial needling combined with medicine on IL-6 in the patient of acute cerebral hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of cranial needling in treatment of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS Forty-three cases were randomly divided into a cranial needling plus medication group (n=21) and a medication group (n=22). The cranial needling plus medication group were treated with needling skull suture 4 days after the attack, once each day, for 10 sessions, on the basis of routine neurological treatment measures. The medication group were treated with the routine neurological treatment measures. Changes of the scores of neural function defect and IIL-6 contents before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS The IL-6 contents before and after treatment were (11.29 +/- 8.63) pg/mL and (1.91 +/- 1.02) pg/mL in the cranial needling plus medication group, and (12.15 +/- 7.23) pg/mL and (3.61 +/- 2.71) pg/mL in the medication group, respectively, with very significant differences before and after treatment (P<0.01), and with a significant difference between the two groups after treatment (P<0.05). There were very significant differences in the score of neural function defect before and after treatment in the two groups (P<0.01), and there was a significant difference between the two groups after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of medication, cranial needling can promote rapid decrease of serum IL-6 content and improve nervous function in the patient of acute cerebral hemorrhage.
LADY: Dynamic Resolution of Assemblies for Extensible and Distributed .NET Applications

Distributed applications that span mobile devices, computing clusters, and the cloud, require robust and flexible mechanisms for dynamically loading code. This paper describes LADY, a system that augments the . NET platform with a highly reliable mechanism for resolving and loading assemblies and arranges for safe execution of partially trusted code. Key benefits of LADY are the low latency and high availability achieved through its novel integration with DNS.
Global sodium consumption and death from cardiovascular causes.

BACKGROUND High sodium intake increases blood pressure, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the effects of sodium intake on global cardiovascular mortality are uncertain. METHODS We collected data from surveys on sodium intake as determined by urinary excretion and diet in persons from 66 countries (accounting for 74.1% of adults throughout the world), and we used these data to quantify the global consumption of sodium according to age, sex, and country. The effects of sodium on blood pressure, according to age, race, and the presence or absence of hypertension, were calculated from data in a new meta-analysis of 107 randomized interventions, and the effects of blood pressure on cardiovascular mortality, according to age, were calculated from a meta-analysis of cohorts. Cause-specific mortality was derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Using comparative risk assessment, we estimated the cardiovascular effects of current sodium intake, as compared with a reference intake of 2.0 g of sodium per day, according to age, sex, and country. RESULTS In 2010, the estimated mean level of global sodium consumption was 3.95 g per day, and regional mean levels ranged from 2.18 to 5.51 g per day. Globally, 1.65 million annual deaths from cardiovascular causes (95% uncertainty interval [confidence interval], 1.10 million to 2.22 million) were attributed to sodium intake above the reference level; 61.9% of these deaths occurred in men and 38.1% occurred in women. These deaths accounted for nearly 1 of every 10 deaths from cardiovascular causes (9.5%). Four of every 5 deaths (84.3%) occurred in low- and middle-income countries, and 2 of every 5 deaths (40.4%) were premature (before 70 years of age). The rate of death from cardiovascular causes associated with sodium intake above the reference level was highest in the country of Georgia and lowest in Kenya. CONCLUSIONS In this modeling study, 1.65 million deaths from cardiovascular causes that occurred in 2010 were attributed to sodium consumption above a reference level of 2.0 g per day. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
Reported parental behaviour and adult affective symptoms. 2. Mediating factors

Synopsis Potential mediators of the modest association between retrospectively rated parental behaviour and adult affective symptoms in offspring were investigated in a national longitudinal study of a cohort followed to the age of 43. Personality measures from adolescence could account for a small part of this association. Personal relationships in adulthood were more strongly associated with both parental behaviour and symptoms: marital history, emotional support, social network and availability of help in a crisis. Poor parenting did not lead to a general vulnerability to later life events, and socio-economic status and financial hardship were not implicated in the link between parental behaviour and adult symptoms. However, parental affectionless control was associated with certain types of life stressors in adulthood, i.e. interpersonal as opposed to non-interpersonal life events. Collectively, aspects of personal relationships accounted for much of the elevated symptom levels in those rating parents as low on care or high on control. Findings were consistent with the notion that interpersonal competence is important in the continuity between childhood experience and adult mental health, but other possible interpretations are discussed.