Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Genetics Techniques for Leukemia Diagnosis

Cytogenetic analysis (G-banding) has been routinely used as part of clinical practice helping to determine disease aggressiveness, response to treatment, and prognosis [3]. The role of cytogenetics in determining the biologic basis of leukemia is now widely recognized. Metaphase analysis of leukemia samples is useful to detect changes such as inversions, translocation deletions, duplications and aneuploidies, which are common in AML, ALL and CML. However, the relative resolution of banding analysis, the lack of sensitivity (5%), and the requirement for preparation of metaphase chromosomes using fresh material, as well as for experienced personnel for the analysis significantly limited the usage of this technique. Banding techniques also face difficulties with highly rearranged chromosomes. The introduction of FISH in the late1980s was heralded as a further evolution in cytogenetic analysis. By using entire chromosomes or short DNA fragments as probes, FISH can be applied to detect genetic abnormalities such as characteristic gene fusions, aneuploidy, loss of a chromosomal region or a whole chromosome or to monitor the progression of an aberration serving as a technique that can help both in the diagnosis of a genetic disease and in suggesting prognosis [4]. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity, FISH has gained general acceptance as a clinical laboratory tool. The extension of FISH to fibre-FISH, Q-FISH, flow-FISH and multiple colour FISH also further extend the usage of this technique in research or in the clinical laboratory. Although FISH improves the sensitivity level when comparing with banding technique it is still considered as labour-intensive. In addition, around 40% to 50% of patients with AML lack karyotypic abnormalities at diagnosis but could bear cryptic copy number alterations which cannot be detected by FISH.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title High Resolution Seismic Imaging of Rainier Mesa Using Surface Reflection and Surface to Tunnel Tomography Permalink

In August 1993, two high resolution seismic experiments were performed inN-Tunnel and on the surface of Rainier Mesa above it The first involved a surface-to-tunnel imaging experiment with sources on the surface and receivers in tunnel U12n.23 about 88 meters west of the NPE. The data obtained in this part of the experiment were of limited quality because of overwhelming 60 Hz noise in the tunnel. However, it was possible to estimate that the apparent average velocity between the tunnel and the surface was approximately 2.0 km/sec, which does provide a constraint on the mean velocity of P waves between the depth of the NPE and the surface. In a separate experiment, a high resolution reflection experiment was performed in order to image the lithology in Rainier Mesa down to the depth of the NPE and possibly greater. Good quality, broad band, reflections were obtained from depths extending into the Paleozoic basement, well below the NPE. A preliminary interpretation of these data yields several reflectors which correlate well with the lithology derived from drill hole logs. A high velocity layer near the surface is underlain by a thick section of low velocity material, providing a nonuniform but low average velocity between the depth of the NPE and the surface.
Segmentation of Moving Objects in Video Sequences with a Dynamic Background

Segmentation of objects from a video sequence is one of the basic operations commonly employed in vision-based systems. The quality of the segmented object has a profound effect on the performance of such systems. Segmentation of an object becomes a challenging problem in situations in which the background scenes of a video sequence are not static or contain the cast shadow of the object. This thesis is concerned with developing cost-effective methods for object segmentation from video sequences having dynamic background and cast shadows. A novel technique for the segmentation of foreground from video sequences with a dynamic background is developed. The segmentation problem is treated as a problem of classifying the foreground and background pixels of the frames of a sequence using the pixel color components as multiple features of the images. The individual features representing the pixel gray levels, hue and saturation levels are first extracted and then linearly recombined with suitable weights to form a scalar-valued feature image. Multiple features incorporated into this scalar-valued feature image allows to devise a simple classification scheme in the framework of a support vector machine classifier. Unlike some other data classification approaches for foreground segmentation, in which a priori knowledge of the shape and size of the moving foreground is essential, in the proposed method, training samples are obtained in an automated manner. The proposed technique is shown not to be limited by the number, patterns or dimensions of the objects. The foreground of a video frame is the region of the frame that contains the object as well as its cast shadow. A process of object segmentation generally results in segmenting the entire foreground. Thus, shadow removal from the segmented foreground is essential for object segmentation. A novel computationally efficient shadow removal technique based on multiple features is proposed. Multiple object masks, each based on a single feature, are constructed and merged together to form a single object mask. The main idea of the proposed technique is that an object pixel is less likely to be indistinguishable from the shadow pixels simultaneously with respect to all the features used. Extensive simulations are performed by applying the proposed and some existing techniques to challenging video sequences for object segmentation and shadow removal. The subjective and objective results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the schemes developed in this thesis.
U-Duality and the Leech Lattice

It has recently been shown that the full automorphism group of the Leech lattice, Conway's group Co_0, can be generated by 3 x 3 matrices over the octonions. We show such matrices are of type F_4 in E_{6(-26)}, the U-duality group for N=2, D=5 exceptional magic supergravity. By mapping points of the Leech lattice to black hole charge vectors, it is seen Co_0 is generated by U-duality transformations acting as rotations in the charge space for BPS black holes.
Analysis of the local defect correction and high order compact finite differences

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
An Improved Approach to Identifying Key Classes in Weighted Software Network

To help the newcomers understand a software system better during its development, the key classes are in general given priority to be focused on as soon as possible. There are numerous measures that have been proposed to identify key nodes in a network. As a metric successfully applied to evaluate the productivity of a scholar, little is known about whether -index is suitable to identify the key classes in weighted software network. In this paper, we introduced four -index variants to identify key classes on three open-source software projects (i.e., Tomcat, Ant, and JUNG) and validated the feasibility of proposed measures by comparing them with existing centrality measures. The results show that the measures proposed not only are able to identify the key classes but also perform better than some commonly used centrality measures (the improvement is at least 0.215). In addition, the finding suggests that mE-Weight defined by the weight of a node’s top edges performs best as a whole.
Antibacterial effect of Moringa oleifera extracts on bacteria associated with urinary tract infection

In this study, the UTI associated bacteria isolated (Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) were subjected to acetone and crude extract of Moringa oleifera leaves.
Real submanifolds of codimension two in complex manifolds

The equivalence problem for a real submanifold M of dimension at least eight and codimension two in a complex manifold is solved under a certain nondegeneracy condition on the Levi form. If the Levi forms at all points of M are equivalent, a normalized Cartan connection can be defined on a certain principal bundle over M. The group of this bundle can be described by means of the osculating quartic of M or the prolongation of the graded Lie algebra of type Q_2 © 8-1 defined by the Levi form.
A comment on Thomas K. Burch's paper "Does demography need differential equations?"

The structure of this commentary is as follows. First I discuss differential equations and show that they are more common in demography than is generally accepted, and that they can be used to develop theories of population dynamics. The integration of mathematical modeling with differential equations, and statistical modeling with regression equations, is illustrated. In the following section I briefly discuss software. That discussion leads to a concrete proposal: to use a software package or computer language that facilitates both statistical and mathematical modeling. That language is R, a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics that has utilities to solve differential equations. Section 4 is the conclusion.
SOBOLEV GRADIENTS FOR DIFFERENTIAL ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

Sobolev gradients and weighted Sobolev gradients have been used for the solution of a variety of ordinary as well as partial differential equations. In the article at hand we apply this method to linear and non-linear ordinary differential algebraic equations and construct suitable gradients for such problems based on a new generic weighting scheme. We explain how they can be put into practice. In the last part, we discuss the performance of our publicly available implementation on some differential algebraic equations and present further applications.
State-of-the-art in product-service systems

Abstract A Product-Service System (PSS) is an integrated combination of products and services. This Western concept embraces a service-led competitive strategy, environmental sustainability, and the basis to differentiate from competitors who simply offer lower priced products. This paper aims to report the state-of-the-art of PSS research by presenting a clinical review of literature currently available on this topic. The literature is classified and the major outcomes of each study are addressed and analysed. On this basis, this paper defines the PSS concept, reports on its origin and features, gives examples of applications along with potential benefits and barriers to adoption, summarizes available tools and methodologies, and identifies future research challenges.
Extended Stratification: Immigrant and Native Differences in Individual and Family Labor.

This article outlines a theoretical system of extended stratification in order to account for differences between immigrants and natives in (1) the amount of time individuals devote to paid work and (2) the number of family members participating in paid work. The basic argument is that immigrants with a frame of reference that includes being socialized in a relatively poor sending society tend to have greater work incentive than natives who have been socialized in a richer host society. This variation in work incentive obtains because the economic rewards achieved through additional work are evaluated more highly by groups that have as their frame of reference a comparatively poor society. According to this argument, the intergroup difference in work incentive should obtain even when economic need is held constant. We derived two hypotheses and tested them with a comparative analysis of immigrants and natives, including native coethnics of the immigrants. At the level of the individual and of the household, the findings are largely consistent with the hypotheses
Predicting Days in Hospital using Health Insurance Claims

Health insurance costs across the world have increased alarmingly in recent years. A major cause of this increase is payment errors made by the insurance companies while processing claims. These errors often result in extra administrative effort to re-process (or rework) the claim which accounts for up to 30% of the administrative staff in a typical health insurer. We describe a system that helps reduce these errors using machine learning techniques by predicting claims that will need to be reworked, generating explanations to help the auditors correct these claims, and experiment with feature selection, concept drift, and active learning to collect feedback from the auditors to improve over time. We describe our framework, problem formulation, evaluation metrics, and experimental results on claims data from a large US health insurer. We show that our system results in an order of magnitude better precision (hit rate) over existing approaches which is accurate enough to potentially result in over $15-25 million in savings for a typical insurer. We also describe interesting research problems in this domain as well as design choices made to make the system easily deployable across health insurance companies.
An Epidemiological Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Study

Background: Stress is one of the most important factors that may be accompanied with increased possible prevalence of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between perceived stress intensity and some cardiovascular risk factors in myocardial infarctions’ patients. Methods: The design of the study was cross sectional. Overall, 2400 patients with myocardial infarction were chosen through multistage random sampling. A three-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics, perceived stress, and a checklist to record laboratorial test and electrocardiography changes were used for data collection. Results: The results of the present study showed that 45% of the patients had moderate and 55% had severe stress. Moreover, findings of the research indicated that there were significant differences between the mean stress level in various categories of the variable including gender, education, history of hypertension, blood pressure, diabetes, cigarette smoking, exercising, job, and family history of myocardial diseases. Conclusions: Regarding the high level of perceived stress in patients with myocardial infarction, it is necessary to devise a program and determine stressor factors to modify and decrease them.
Effects of gamma radiation on optical fibre sensors

Consideration of thermo-optic coefficients is essential in the applications of optical fibre sensors and high-speed fibre communication systems. The Fabry–Perot interference method is applied to study these coefficients of four types of commercial fibres. The results are in agreement with the values calculated from the Sellmeier equation for fused silica fibre, with a difference of only about 0.2% for the Corning single-mode fibre SMF-28. In order to apply fibre sensors to a high-radiation environment, the thermo-optic coefficients for these fibres have been investigated after exposure to heavy doses of gamma radiation, and their radiation resistance has been studied.
Acoustic Features of Different Types of Laughter in North Sami Conversational Speech

This study investigates the occurrence and role of small talk in a number of different social activities, based on video-recorded corpus data from the GSLC (The Gothenburg Spoken Language Corpus) which represents a broad range of different social activities. The study builds on findings from studying communication in different social activity types and compares them with respect to the occurrence, content and role of small talk. The purpose is (i) to describe the characteristics of small talk in general and (ii) to investigate whether and, in that case, in what respects the nature of small talk varies depending on the social activity where it occurs. General types of small talk are found, which can occur in most activity types, for example talk about the weather, the family or the activity at hand. Other types of small talk depend on activity specific factors, such as how formal or informal the activity is, the background and activity roles of the participants, factors in the environment and typical interaction patterns for the activity.
Stable Locomotion in Unstructured Terrain using Curriculum Learning for Online Parameter Adaptation

We present a learning-based approach to optimize the gait of a hexapod robot for forward progression and stability. Using a central pattern generator (CPG) model for parameterized locomotion, we propose the use of reinforcement learning to learn and adapt parameters online to maximize the distance traversed by the robot in a stable fashion. We present a curriculum of different terrains of increasing complexity as a way of speeding up the learning of the robot and obtaining higher reward over non-learning and learning-from-scratch approaches. Our experimental results show that it is possible for the hexapod to learn to walk over the planks in the most stable way possible by keeping the step height of its gait as low as possible. Setting up a curriculum for the agent to successfully learn to walk over taller obstacles proved to be a challenging and time consuming task, and requires additional work.
APPROXIMATE INNERNESS OF POSITIVE LINEAR MAPS OF FINITE VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS. II

Let M be a rr-finite, finite von Neumann algebra with a faithful, normalized normal trace Tr on M. Let p be a positive linear map of M into itself such that p(l) is not necessarily a projection. If p is approximately inner with respect to the norm || ■ ||g induced by Tr, then p has a close connection to "-homomorphisms.
Integrating Affective Engagement into Systems Engineering Education

In this paper we address the challenges and importance of developing the students’ affective engagement with the cognitive content offered in systems engineering education. Systems engineering is concerned with developing the most appropriate total system solution to address a need. Systems engineering methods used to find this solution require applying a systems perspective while making tradeoffs of the relative benefits of each set of possible approaches to a problem. However, the practical application of systems engineering is to seek a comprehensive design solution that satisfies a range of constraints and provides an adequate solution that “satisfices” the stakeholders. Applying the systems engineering method in order to gain the advantage of an optimal rather than adequate solution, demands that the systems engineer believes in the value of the methods, techniques, and perspectives of the systems engineering method, even at times where the method may seem indirect or counterintuitive to performing engineering work. Therefore, systems engineering education must engage the students in both the cognitive domain developing ability to perform the techniques, and in the affective domain transforming the student’s belief to recognize the positive value of the systems engineering method. This paper discusses: 1) the current gap in addressing the affective domain in systems engineering education, 2) the importance of closing that gap to enable the effective implementation of systems engineering on the job, and 3) related issues and challenges. Following this discussion, the paper proposes a framework for assessing the development of the student’s affective engagement in systems engineering methods.
Cross point arrays of 8 nm × 8 nm memristive devices fabricated with nanoimprint lithography

Building arrays of memristive devices with sub-10 nm lateral dimensions is critical for high packing density, low power consumption, and better uniformity in device performance. Here, the authors demonstrate arrays of 8 × 8 nm2 cross point memristive devices using wet chemical etching and nanoimprint lithography. The devices exhibited nonvolatile bipolar switching with extreme low programming current of 600 pA. The devices also exhibited fast switching speed and improved uniformity and promising endurance and data retention. This work opens the opportunities for memristive devices in the next generation ultrahigh-density data storage and low-power high-speed unconventional computing.
Evidence for Large-scale Fluctuations in the Metagalactic Ionizing Background Near Redshift Six

The observed scatter in intergalactic Lyα opacity at z ≲ 6 requires large-scale fluctuations in the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM) after the expected end of reionization. Post-reionization models that explain this scatter invoke fluctuations in either the ionizing ultraviolet background (UVB) or IGM temperature. These models make very different predictions, however, for the relationship between Lyα opacity and local density. Here, we test these models using Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) to trace the density field surrounding the longest and most opaque known Lyα trough at z < 6. Using deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam narrowband imaging, we find a highly significant deficit of z ≃ 5.7 LAEs within 20 of the trough. The results are consistent with a model in which the scatter in Lyα opacity near z ∼ 6 is driven by large-scale UVB fluctuations, and disfavor a scenario in which the scatter is primarily driven by variations in IGM temperature. UVB fluctuations at this epoch present a boundary condition for reionization models, and may help shed light on the nature of the ionizing sources.
Use of stable isotopes to investigate individual differences in diets and mercury exposures among common terns Sterna hirundo in breeding and wintering grounds

We measured variations in stable isotope signatures (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) and concentrations of mercury (Hg) in breast feathers from pairs of common terns Sterna hirundo and their chicks at a breeding site in Buzzards Bay, northwestern Atlantic Ocean. By collecting 2 sets of feathers from the same adult birds, we compared values of δ 13 C, δ 15 N and Hg in feathers grown in the wintering area in the South Atlantic Ocean ('southern' feathers) and in the breeding area ('regrown' feathers). Regrown feathers had lower δ 13 C, higher δ 15 N and higher Hg than southern feathers. Values of δ 13 C, δ 15 N and Hg were much more variable in adults than chicks. Within families, δ 13 C and δ 15 N were cor- related between parents and chicks; Hg was correlated between male and female parents. Among regrown feathers, Hg was positively correlated with δ 13 C and negatively correlated with δ 15 N. These findings suggest that high individual exposure of common terns to Hg results from consumption of inshore prey at low trophic levels in restricted parts of Buzzards Bay and that members of pairs have similar diets in the breeding season but not in winter. They demonstrate the power of stable isotope analyses in revealing individual differences in foraging habits, diet and contaminant exposure in generalist predators.