Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON SUBMILLIMETER DUST OPACITY

Infrared extinction maps and submillimeter dust continuum maps are powerful probes of the density structure in the envelope of star-forming cores. We make a direct comparison between infrared and submillimeter dust continuum observations of the low-mass Class 0 core, B335, to constrain the ratio of submillimeter to infrared opacity (κsmm/κir) and the submillimeter opacity power-law index (κ ∝ λ−β). Using the average value of theoretical dust opacity models at 2.2 μm, we constrain the dust opacity at 850 and 450 μm. Using new dust continuum models based upon the broken power-law density structure derived from interferometric observations of B335 and the infall model derived from molecular line observations of B335, we find that the opacity ratios are and with a submillimeter opacity power-law index of βsmm = (2.18–2.58)+0.30−0.30. The range of quoted values is determined from the uncertainty in the physical model for B335. For an average 2.2 μm opacity of 3800 ± 700 cm2 g−1, we find a dust opacity at 850 and 450 μm of κ850 = (1.18–1.77)+0.36−0.24 and κ450 = (4.72–9.13)+1.9−0.98 cm2 g−1 of dust. These opacities are from (0.65–0.97)κOH5850 of the widely used theoretical opacities of Ossenkopf and Henning for coagulated ice grains with thin mantles at 850 μm.
KCNQ2 Is a Nodal K+ Channel

Mutations in the gene encoding the K+ channel KCNQ2 cause neonatal epilepsy and myokymia, indicating that KCNQ2 regulates the excitability of CNS neurons and motor axons, respectively. We show here that KCNQ2 channels are functional components of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier, colocalizing with ankyrin-G and voltage-dependent Na+ channels throughout the CNS and PNS. Retigabine, which opens KCNQ channels, diminishes axonal excitability. Linopirdine, which blocks KCNQ channels, prolongs the repolarization of the action potential in neonatal nerves. The clustering of KCNQ2 at nodes and initial segments lags that of ankyrin-G during development, and both ankyrin-G and KCNQ2 can be coimmunoprecipitated in the brain. KCNQ3 is also a component of some initial segments and nodes in the brain. The diminished activity of mutant KCNQ2 channels accounts for neonatal epilepsy and myokymia; the cellular locus of these effects may be axonal initial segments and nodes.
Mortality in patients treated for Cushing's disease is increased, compared with patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma.

CONTEXT Increased mortality in patients with pituitary tumors after surgical treatment has been reported. However, it is unknown to what extent excess mortality is caused by pituitary tumors and their treatment in general and to what extent by previous exposure to hormonal overproduction. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare mortality between patients treated for Cushing's disease and nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMAs). DESIGN This was a follow-up study. PATIENTS We included 248 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas treated by transsphenoidal surgery in our hospital for NFMAs (n = 174) and ACTH-producing adenomas (n = 74). The mean duration of follow-up after surgery was 10.1 +/- 7.2 yr for the whole cohort. OUTCOME MEASURES The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated for the whole cohort and also for the two diseases separately. Cox regression analysis was used to compare mortality in patients with Cushing's disease with NFMA patients. RESULTS Patients with Cushing's disease (39.1 +/- 16.1 yr) were significantly younger at time of operation than NFMA patients (55.3 +/- 13.4 yr). The SMR for the whole cohort was 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.86]. The SMR in NFMA patients was 1.24 (95% CI, 0.85-1.74) vs. 2.39 (95% CI, 1.22-3.9) in patients with Cushing's disease. In patients with Cushing's disease, compared with NFMAs, the age-adjusted mortality was significantly increased: hazard ratio 2.35 (95% CI, 1.13-4.09, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Mortality in patients previously treated for Cushing's disease is increased, compared with patients treated for NFMAs. This implies that previous, transient overexposure to cortisol is associated with increased mortality.
Annotating the semantic web

The web of today has evolved into a huge repository of rich Multimedia content for human consumption. The exponential growth of the web made it possible for information size to reach astronomical proportions; far more than a mere human can manage, causing the problem of information overload. Because of this, the creators of the web(lO) spoke of using computer agents in order to process the large amounts of data. To do this, they planned to extend the current web to make it understandable by computer programs. This new web is being referred to as the Semantic Web. Given the huge size of the web, a collective effort is necessary to extend the web. For this to happen, tools easy enough for non-experts to use must be available. This thesis first proposes a methodology which semi-automatically labels semantic entities in web pages. The methodology first requires a user to provide some initial examples. The tool then learns how to reproduce the user's examples and generalises over them by making use of Adaptive Information Extraction (AlE) techniques. When its level of performance is good enough when compared to the user, it then takes over the process and processes the remaining documents autonomously. The second methodology goes a step further and attempts to gather semantically typed information from web pages automatically. It starts from the assumption that semantics are already available all over the web, and by making use of a number of freely available resources (like databases) combined with AlE techniques, it is possible to extract most information automatically. These techniques will certainly not provide all the solutions for the problems brought about with the advent of the Semantic Web. They are intended to provide a step forward towards making the Semantic Web a reality.
Perception of Youth Towards Online Shopping

Today’s increasing population maximum lie in the category of youth. Youth’s are busy in their schedule. So youth’s perception has changed towards online shopping. Because now purchasing is just away of one click and it reduces their precious time. They rely more on online for ticketing, booking or shopping. This study includes youth of Indore. Sample size for this study was 170 but 13 were discarded and only 157 respondents was taken into consideration. Primary data was collected by using closed end questionnaire. This questionnaire consist of two section, section A and section B. Section A, included the demographic profile of the respondent, which includes gender, age, qualification and occupation of the respondents. Section B, include 16 statements which were measured by five point Likert scale ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’. This research identified six factors Web portal Quality, Web portal ease of use, Security and other policy, Clear Payment and Delivery, Pre and Post Sales Services, Trust on Web portal. All of the six factors have given label YPWP (Youth Perception for Web portal).
Prenatal development of reelin‐immunoreactive neurons in the human neocortex

Reelin, the protein defective in reeler mutant mice, is a secreted glycoprotein involved in the architectonic development of the central nervous system, more particularly in the development of neocortical lamination. In mice, reelin mRNA and protein expression are most robust in horizontal neurons of the embryonic marginal zone (MZ). By using monoclonal anti‐reelin antibodies (de Bergeyck et al. [1998] J. Neurosci. Methods), the morphology and evolution of reelin‐expressing neurons were studied in the MZ of the prenatal human neocortex. At 11 gestational weeks (GW), the MZ contained a single layer of reelin‐positive mono‐ or bipolar horizontal Cajal–Retzius (CR) cells. From 14 GW onward, the subpial granular layer (SGL) invaded the MZ, forming a transient layer of undifferentiated, initially reelin‐negative granule cells. In parallel to the emergence of the SGL and the morphological differentiation of the CR cells, a second population of reelin‐positive cells appeared within the SGL. These cells, termed CR‐like cells, were intermediate in size and shape between the CR cells and SGL granule cells. Between 16 GW and 24 GW, the packing density of the reelin‐producing cells remained remarkably stable, despite the continuous growth of the cortical surface. During this period, CR cells settled progressively deeper within the MZ, although they remained in contact with the pial surface through radially ascending processes. Most CR cells disappeared at around 27 GW, in parallel with the dissolution of the SGL. During the last weeks of gestation, reelin was expressed by a few medium‐sized, often horizontal neurons. These observations show that different neuronal populations in the human MZ express reelin and suggest that a possible function of the SGL is to supply reelin‐producing cells through a gradual transformation of reelin‐negative precursor cells into reelin‐immunoreactive CR‐like cells, thus coping with the protracted neurogenesis and dramatic surface expansion of the human neocortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 397:29–40, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Accurate Probabilistic Reliability Model for Silicon

The power of an accurate model for describing a physical process or designing a physical system is beyond doubt. The currently used reliability model for physically unclonable functions (PUFs) assumes an equally likely error for every evaluation of every PUF response bit. This limits an accurate description since experiments show that certain responses are more error-prone than others, but this fixed error rate model only captures average case behavior. We introduce a new PUF reliability model taking this observed heterogeneous nature of PUF cells into account. A substantial experimental validation demonstrates that the new predicted distributions describe the empirically observed data statistics almost perfectly, even considering sensitivity to operational temperature. This allows to study PUF failure behavior in full detail, including the average and the worst case probabilities. This is an invaluable tool for the future design of more efficient and better adapted PUFs and PUF-based systems.
Antenna-Filter-Antenna-Based Transmit-Array for Circular Polarization Application

A novel antenna-filter-antenna-based asymmetric unit cell suitable for transmit-array (TA) is proposed in this letter. This unit cell converts a clockwise circular-polarized (CP) wave to counterclockwise CP with less than 0.5 dB insertion loss at 20.5 GHz, while its rotation provides up to 360° continuous phase shift in the transmitted wave. Hence, a 14 × 14 array of the proposed unit cell is fabricated and placed in front of a CP feed antenna. Placing the TA leads to a 9.5-dBi increase in the gain of the feed, and it redirects the beam to −15° off broadside. The axial ratio of the whole system is close to 2 dB. Therefore, this transmit-array can be used for fixed and/or steerable high-gain radiations for satellite communication in Ka-band.
Brief Review of the Recently Described Short QT Syndrome and Other Cardiac Channelopathies

There are many diseases related to ion‐channel disorders, so‐called “channelopathies. ” Hereditary short QT syndrome is a clinical‐electrocardiographic entity with autosomal‐dominant mode of transmission and it is the most recently described channelopathy. The syndrome may affect infants, children, or young adults with strong positive family background of sudden cardiac death. Short QT syndrome is characterized by short QT and heart‐rate‐corrected QTc intervals. It is frequently associated with tall‐, peaked‐, and narrow‐based T waves that are reminiscent of the typical “desert tent” T waves of hyperkalemia. There is a high tendency for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation due to the heterogeneous abbreviation of action potential duration and refractoriness of atrial myocytes. The arrhythmia can also be induced by programmed electrical stimulation.
High speed architecture for Variable Block Size Motion Estimation in H.264

By the arrival of latest video standards viz. MPEG-4 part 10 and H.264/H.26L, the usages of Advanced Video Coding (AVC) especially in the part of Variable Block Size (VBS) Motion Estimation (ME) are rising. A new architecture is developed for variable block size motion estimation using full search algorithm in this paper. There are two calculations carried out in this paper block size, which is variable, and another is the Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD), which are presented by recycling the outputs of reduced sub-block calculations. Mechanism that is incorporated by every processing element is shuffling mechanism. HDL verification is done through ModelSim simulator to verify the functionality. The design is implemented using TSMC 90nm CMOS technology. The frequency of the motion estimation block is 323.20 MHz, which can treat up to 41 Motion Vectors (MV).
R-Sensing: a route solution for wireless sensor measurement system

The application of wireless sensor transient field measurement network trying to get high data sampling rate, high fidelity data by using wireless sensor node, with the constrain of wireless communication bandwidth and energy consumption. Smart and compact routing is a critical issue in this system, which plays a role of middleware in sensor network software architecture. The route select estimator should be provide an appropriate critical reference parameter to route select scheme so that the router could be sensitive enough with the changing of measurement environment and stable enough at the time of data transmitting. Therefore, we proposed R-Sensing as route solution, using exponential weighted moving averaged (EMMA) Receive Signal Strength (RSSI) as critical reference value and minimal spanning tree algorithm as route select mechanism. This protocol is implemented on Bit-Node running TinyOS along with them. The out-door experiment shows that it has an appropriate Package Reception Rate (PRR) via multi-hop routing.
The genetic basis of tetrathionate respiration in Salmonella typhimurium

A range of bacteria are able to use tetrathionate as a terminal respiratory electron acceptor. Here we report the identification and characterization of the ttrRSBCA locus required for tetrathionate respiration in Salmonella typhimurium LT2a. The ttr genes are located within Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 at centisome 30.5. ttrA, ttrB and ttrC are the tetrathionate reductase structural genes. Sequence analysis suggests that TtrA contains a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide cofactor and a [4Fe–4S] cluster, that TtrB binds four [4Fe–4S] clusters, and that TtrC is an integral membrane protein containing a quinol oxidation site. TtrA and TtrB are predicted to be anchored by TtrC to the periplasmic face of the cytoplasmic membrane implying a periplasmic site for tetrathionate reduction. It is inferred that the tetrathionate reductase, together with thiosulphate and polysulphide reductases, make up a previously unrecognized class of molybdopterin‐dependent enzymes that carry out the reductive cleavage of sulphur–sulphur bonds. Cys‐256 in TtrA is proposed to be the amino acid ligand to the molybdopterin cofactor. TtrS and TtrR are the sensor and response regulator components of a two‐component regulatory system that is absolutely required for transcription of the ttrBCA operon. Expression of an active tetrathionate reduction system also requires the anoxia‐responsive global transcriptional regulator Fnr. The ttrRSBCA gene cluster confers on Escherichia coli the ability to respire with tetrathionate as electron acceptor.
Redefining graduate employability and work-integrated learning: Proposals for effective higher education in disrupted economies

Employability features more prominently on the agenda of higher education institutions when the economy falters or changes: the majority of students, and their families, expect a degree to deliver a career pathway as well as an education. This paper explores some of the trends and predictions in the rapidly changing world of work and proposes a re-worked definition of employability (based on Yorke’s widely-accepted definition from 2006): that employability means that students and graduates can discern, acquire, adapt and continually enhance the skills, understandings and personal attributes that make them more likely to find and create meaningful paid and unpaid work that benefits themselves, the workforce, the community and the economy. Likewise, work-integrated learning requires sharper definition than an ‘umbrella term’. This paper proposes that work-integrated learning includes a range of learning tasks that either resemble those expected of working graduates in their early careers, or are proximal to the workplaces or spaces, physical or digital, where professional work occurs. Determining the appropriate spread of tasks across a degree is best done by mapping assessments, ensuring there are more high level tasks in the latter years so that students are prompted to focus on the skills, understandings and personal attributes that make them more likely to find and create meaningful paid and unpaid work that benefits themselves, the workforce, the community and the economy.
Effectiveness of HRD for developing SMEs in South Asia

Today South Asia is host to a large youth bulge which is entering the labor market every year posing challenging questions for the national governments in the context of employable skills, space for entrepreneurship, innovation and economic freedom. SME sector provides an opportunity for the young to exercise their ideas and ideals. However a prerequisite for the young to be innovate is the how countries produce and retain a high end human capital. This study provides a review of national socio-economic policies in South Asian region - which answer such challenges.
The excretion of urea, ammonia and purine end-products by the newborn animal.

1. The distribution of total protein and ribonucleic acid phosphorus in five fractions of the rat mammary gland have been determined at three stages of the lactation cycle: on the twentieth day of pregnancy and on the third and eighteenth days of lactation. 2. At the end of pregnancy, ribonucleic acid phosphorus is largely localized in the 'soluble' fraction of the mammary gland. Lactation produces a redistribution of total ribonucleic acid phosphorus such that the majority of it is found in the smaller particulate fractions of the tissue suspension. 3. Lactation produces a relative increase in the amount of protein associated with the smaller particulate fractions at the expense of the 'largeparticle' fraction. All these fractions, however, show an increase in total amount from late pregnancy to late lactation. 4. The ratio of ribonucleic acid phosphorus to total protein is low in all fractions in late pregnancy but has risen to a high value in the 'small-particle' fraction by the end of lactation.
Effect of X-ray irradiation on bottom-gate monolayer graphene transistors

In this paper we discuss the effects of x-ray irradiation on monolayer graphene transistor characteristics. We report monolayer graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) under x-ray irradiation with major shift in dirac point on exposure to x-ray irradiation. The irradiation causes defects in graphene and changes in GFET characteristics that can be utilized towards a radiation sensor. The current work identifies the effects of x-ray radiation on current voltage characteristics owing to the scattering with electrons and breaking of sp2 bonds. Marginal change in hole mobility and significant decrease in electron mobility is reported for monolayer graphene FETs post exposure to x-ray irradiation.
Mouse Click Plagiarism: The Role of Technology in Plagiarism and the Librarian's Role in Combating It

The proliferation of paper mills, full text databases, and World Wide Web pages has made plagiarism a rapidly growing problem in academia. Possible factors influencing student behaviors and attitudes toward plagiarism include ignorance, lack of personal investment in their education, situational ethics, and lack of consistent styles among and within various disciplines. Librarians are in a unique position to help prevent and detect plagiarism by forming partnerships with faculty to re-examine assignments and instructional sessions and by informing them of Internet paper mills and useful Internet search strategies.
Randomized phase II/III trial of post-operative chemoradiotherapy comparing 3-weekly cisplatin with weekly cisplatin in high-risk patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG1008).

A randomized Phase II/III study was launched in Japan to evaluate the non-inferiority of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)) compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 3-weekly cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)) for post-operative high-risk patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. This study began in October 2012, and a total of 260 patients will be accrued from 18 institutions within 5 years. The primary endpoint of the Phase II part is proportion of treatment completion and that of the Phase III part is overall survival. The secondary endpoints are relapse-free survival, local relapse-free survival, nutrition-support-free survival, non-hospitalized treatment period during permissible treatment period and adverse events. This trial was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN 000009125 [http://www.umin. ac.jp/ctr/].
Phase II trial of topotecan administered as 72-hour continuous infusion in children with refractory solid tumors: a collaborative Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, and Children's Cancer Group Study.

The antitumor activity of topotecan administered as a 72-h continuous i.v. infusion was evaluated in children with refractory neuroblastoma and sarcomas of soft tissue and bone. We also attempted to increase the dose intensity of topotecan by including an intrapatient dose escalation in the trial design. Ninety-three children (85 eligible and evaluable for response) with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, or other soft-tissue sarcomas received topotecan administered as a 72-h i.v. infusion every 21 days. The initial dose was 1.0 mg/m2/day, with subsequent intrapatient dose escalation to 1.3 mg/m2/day for those patients who did not experience dose-limiting toxicity after their first cycle of topotecan. There was one complete response in a patient with neuroblastoma (n = 26) and one partial response in a patient with Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (n = 25). No complete or partial responses were observed in 17 patients with osteosarcoma, 15 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, or 2 patients with other soft-tissue sarcomas; however, 8 patients had prolonged (15-48 weeks) stable disease while receiving topotecan. Topotecan was well tolerated. The most commonly observed toxicities were myelosuppression (dose-limiting) and nausea and vomiting. Intrapatient dose escalations were performed in 68% of the patients who received more than one cycle of topotecan, and 1.3 mg/m2/day was tolerated by 79% of the patients who received the higher dose and were evaluable for hematological toxicity. In conclusion, topotecan administered as a 72-h continuous infusion every 21 days is inactive (objective response rate, < 20%) in children with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma and sarcomas of soft tissue or bone.