Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a capability theory of (innovating) firms: implications for management and policy

Business enterprises lie at the core of ecosystems that drive economic development and growth in market economies; yet, until recently, mainstream economics has mostly treated firms like homogeneous black boxes run by opportunistic managers. The field of strategic management has developed a more nuanced approach to the understanding of how firms are created, organized and grow, how they innovate and compete and how managers manage. One of the leading paradigms in the field is the dynamic capabilities framework. In this paper, contrasts and complementarities are drawn between dynamic capabilities and economic theories of the firm, including transaction cost economics and agency theory. Connections to the Cambridge school are highlighted, including the duality between Keynes’s ‘animal spirits’ and the dynamic capabilities entrepreneurial owner/manager. Leibenstein’s x-inefficiency is juxtaposed here with d-ineffectiveness. Knowledge-based theories of the firm consistent with Cambridge conventions emerge. Intellectual exchange between strategic management and economics is encouraged to help improve the intuition behind models of firms and the economy.
PROFESIONALISME APARATUR PEMERINTAH KOTA YOGYAKARTA (STUDI KASUS KANTOR CATATAN SIPIL)

This study, entitled Professionalism Apparatus Yogyakarta City Government (Civil Registry Office case studies). This study aims to understand / know the professionalism apparatus Civil Registry Office of Yogyakarta as well as factors inhibiting professionalism. This research was conducted at the Civil Registry Office of Yogyakarta and data collection is done by using observation and interviews with officials Civil Registry office. Professionalism public bureaucratic apparatus is closely associated with penyelenggaraaan good governance and for anyone who is dealing with the bureaucracy. Examine the importance of professionalism because the bureaucratic apparatus bureaucratic apparatus does not understand the needs of society and technological progress even tend not responsive, innovative and be indifferent service delivery publkc. This study found a pathology that has been ingrained in the self apparatus in organizing tasks and functions of the organization. Pathologies such as red tape, extortion, waiting for instructions employers, and others. The main factors that hinder the professionalism of public bureaucratic apparatus, namely the existence of formal rules rigidly regulate the roles and duties of each section so that the apparatus in performing the duties and functions of the organization are not oriented to the organization's mission but are more likely to formal rules and instructions of superiors. Keywords : Professionalism apparatus, good governance, Public service
The Copenhagen High-Risk Project

The Copenhagen longitudinal high-risk study of offspring of 129 schizophrenic mothers commenced in 1962. At that time, the mothers were diagnosed according to contemporary Danish criteria. We have re-examined all of the hospital records of these mothers: 108 (84%) fulfil present-day DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia and 95 (74%) were diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenic according to ICD-8 criteria. In a follow-up at mean age 24, the offspring of the paranoid schizophrenic mothers were themselves found to be less frequently schizophrenic (5%) than were the offspring of non-paranoid schizophrenic mothers (29%).
Common Adiponectin Gene Variants Show Different Effects on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in European Subjects

Alterations in the secretion of adipokines may explain the link between obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). These conditions have been associated with variation in the adiponectin gene, although evidence for this relationship has been variable, with differences found even in similar samples. This study aims to clarify these inconsistencies by determining the impact of identified adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) variants (−11391G>A,−1377C>G[promoter] and +45T>G[exon 2] and +276G>T[intron 2]) on the prospective risk of CAD and T2DM in healthy men, and on adverse metabolic markers, in myocardial infarct survivors and controls from different parts of Europe. The hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease varied across the −11391GG/GA/AA(p = 0.03) and −11371CC/CG/GG(p = 0.05) genotypes only. In contrast, only the +45T>G variant (3.80[1.76‐8.24]) was associated with T2DM, while two haplotypes GCTT/GCGG (p < 0.05) and +276G>T(p = 0.01) increased risk in interaction with obesity. The variants were associated with a number of biomarkers in Southern but not Northern Europe (p = 0.01), despite no significant differences in allele or haplotype frequencies (p > 0.44). A risk haplotype could not be identified in either sample. Adiponectin gene variants are hence currently poor markers for the development of T2DM and CAD. Their influence on risk depends significantly on interactions that are not currently understood with either genetic variation elsewhere or the environment of the sample studied.
An SRAM Design-for-Diagnosis Solution Based on Write Driver Voltage Sensing

Diagnosis is becoming a major concern with the rapid development of semiconductor memories. It provides information about the location of manufacturing defects in the memory, and its effectiveness allows a fast yield ramp up. Most of existing diagnosis methods uses a fault dictionary to provide detailed information on fault localization. However, these solutions are most of the time unable to distinguish between all faults, and more importantly often fail to identify the actual faulty block of the memory. Identifying which block of a memory (core- cell array, write drivers, address decoders, pre-charge circuits, etc .) is defective allows to saving considerable amount of time during the ramp up phase. In this paper, we propose a very low cost design-for- diagnosis (DfD) solution for identifying faulty write drivers. It consists in verifying logic and analog conditions that guarantee the fault-free behavior of the write driver. The proposed solution allows a fast diagnosis (only three consecutive write operations are needed to fully diagnose the write driver) and induces a low area overhead (about 0.5% for a 512 times 512 SRAM). Beside diagnosis, an additional interest of such a solution is its usefulness during a post-silicon characterization process, where it can be used to extract the main features of the write drivers (logic and analog levels on bit lines).
Microbiology of bacterial translocation in humans

Background—Gut translocation of bacteria has been shown in both animal and human studies. Evidence from animal studies that links bacterial translocation to the development of postoperative sepsis and multiple organ failure has yet to be confirmed in humans. Aims—To examine the spectrum of bacteria involved in translocation in surgical patients undergoing laparotomy and to determine the relation between nodal migration of bacteria and the development of postoperative septic complications. Methods—Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), serosal scrapings, and peripheral blood from 448 surgical patients undergoing laparotomy were analysed using standard microbiological techniques. Results—Bacterial translocation was identified in 69 patients (15.4%). The most common organism identified wasEscherichia coli (54%). Both enteric bacteria, typical of indigenous intestinal flora, and non-enteric bacteria were isolated. Postoperative septic complications developed in 104 patients (23%). Enteric organisms were responsible in 74% of patients. Forty one per cent of patients who had evidence of bacterial translocation developed sepsis compared with 14% in whom no organisms were cultured (p<0.001). Septic morbidity was more frequent when a greater diversity of bacteria resided within the MLN, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion—Bacterial translocation is associated with a significant increase in the development of postoperative sepsis in surgical patients. The organisms responsible for septic morbidity are similar in spectrum to those observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data strongly support the gut origin hypothesis of sepsis in humans.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha release during systemic reaction in cold urticaria.

Primary cold urticaria (PCU) characterized by the association of urticaria, angioedema, and sometimes a shock-like reaction after cold exposure, is usually considered to be linked with histamine and prostaglandin D2 release by mast cells. To determine the involvement of cytokines, we studied the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the blood of the efferent vein after immersion of the hand in chilled water. Five patients with PCU were compared with a control population (three patients with nonphysical urticaria and three healthy subjects). Among patients with PCU who underwent the cold immersion test, two exhibited a shock-like reaction with a large urticarial plaque (patients 1 and 2), one had only a mild cutaneous reaction, and two had no reaction. Patient 1 was reevaluated after 6 months of treatment with H1 and H2 antihistamines: he did not respond to this challenge. All controls were strictly negative. Histamine was released within the first minute after the challenge in the three patients with PCU, but at a higher level for the two patients who had a systemic reaction. TNF-alpha was undetectable in the blood of the patient with only a mild cutaneous reaction, whereas TNF-alpha release was observed for the two patients with a systemic reaction, 2 and 6 minutes after the end of the cold immersion test. The two other patients and the control subjects released neither histamine nor TNF-alpha. In parallel, pathologic and immunohistochemical (with a rabbit anti-TNF-alpha antibody) studies were performed on skin biopsy specimens collected 10 minutes after ice-cube test. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electromyographic analysis of exercise resulting in symptoms of muscle damage

Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the hamstring muscles during six sets of submaximal isokinetic (2.6 rad s -1 ) eccentric (11 men, 9 women) or concentric (6 men, 4 women) contractions. The EMG per unit torque increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. Similarly, the median frequency increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. The EMG per unit torque was lower for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001), and lower for submaximal concentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.01). The EMG per unit torque was lower for eccentric than concentric contractions (P < 0.05). The median frequency was higher for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001); it was similar, however, between submaximal concentric and maximum isometric contractions (P = 0.07). Eccentric exercise resulted in significant isometric strength loss (P < 0.01), pain (P < 0.01) and muscle tenderness (P < 0.05). The greatest strength loss was seen 1 day after eccentric exercise, while the most severe pain and muscle tenderness occurred 2 days after eccentric exercise. A lower EMG per unit torque is consistent with the selective recruitment of a small number of motor units during eccentric exercise. A higher median frequency during eccentric contractions may be explained by selective recruitment of fast-twitch motor units. The present results are consistent with the theory that muscle damage results from excessive stress on a small number of active fibres during eccentric contractions.
State-ownership and bank loan contracting: evidence from corporate fraud

This paper explores the effect of borrower and lender state-ownership on the consequences of corporate fraud in the debt market. Fraud revelations can increase a firm’s information and credit risk, and are therefore expected to significantly affect future bank loan conditions. The Chinese economy provides a unique setting from which to study the influence of state-ownership on debt contracting because it is dominated by state-owned banks (SBs) and firms. Using a sample of bank loans and enforcement actions announced between 2001 and 2012, we find that, after fraud announcements, the cost of private debt increases significantly, but not for loans issued by SBs to state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Moreover, we find evidence that SBs grant, and SOEs receive, lower interest rates. Additional tests show that SOEs that received a more favorable interest rate after the announcement of fraud from a SB perform worse than other firms. These results indicate that despite the bank reforms SBs continue to favor SOEs and this could lead to sub-optimal lending.
Municipalities’ Choices of Service Delivery Modes: The Influence of Service, Political, Governance, and Financial Characteristics

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of service, political, governance, and financial characteristics on municipalities’ choices of four service delivery modes (in-house, inter-municipal cooperation, municipality-owned firm, and private firm) in the Dutch local government setting. The results show that as a service involves more asset specificity and more measurement difficulty, the likelihood that municipalities contract this service out is lower. Also, although some differences in preferences are found between boards of aldermen and municipal councils, for both political bodies a more right-wing political orientation is shown to be positively related to privatization of services. Furthermore, contracting out is also shown to be related to the governance model of municipalities, as services of municipalities that (in general) put relatively less emphasis on input, process, and output performance indicators, and more on outcome performance indicators, are more likely to be privatized. Finally, the results also show that services of municipalities that have a better financial position are less likely to be contracted out to a private firm.
Guar gum as a carrier for colon specific delivery; influence of metronidazole and tinidazole on in vitro release of albendazole from guar gum matrix tablets.

PURPOSE The present investigation is to study the influence of metronidazole and tinidazole on the usefulness of guar gum, a colon-specific drug carrier based on the metabolic activity of colonic bacteria, using matrix tablets of albendazole (containing 20% of guar gum) as a model formulation. METHODS The matrix tablets of albendazole were subjected to in vitro drug release studies in simulated colonic fluids (4%w/v of rat caecal contents) obtained after oral treatment of rats for 7 days either with varying doses of metronidazole/ tinidazole and 1 mL of 2%w/v of guar gum or with 1 mL of 2%w/v of guar gum alone (control study) after completing the dissolution study in 0.1 M HCl (2 h) and pH 7.4 Sorensen's phosphate buffer (3 h). RESULTS The guar gum matrix tablets of albendazole were found degraded by colonic bacteria of rat caecal contents and released about 44% of albendazole in simulated colonic fluids (control study) at the end of 24 h indicating the susceptibility of the guar gum formulations to the rat caecal contents. However, the release of albendazole decreased when the drug release studies were carried out in caecal contents of rats treated for 7 days with either metronidazole (10-50 mg/ kg once daily) or tinidazole (10-30 mg/ kg once daily), and the release of albendazole from the matrix tablets was found to be dose dependent. The release of the drug from guar gum formulations was found to increase with a decrease in the dose of metronidazole/tinidazole administered. The antimicrobial activity of metronidazole/ tinidazole against the anaerobic bacteria of the rat"s GI flora might have been inhibited to a varying degree depending on the dose of metronidazole/tinidazole administered. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study showed that concomitant administration of either metronidazole or tinidazole with guar gum based colon-specific drug delivery systems may interfere with the targeting of drugs to colon.
Relationship between Platelets and Neutrophil Adhesion and Neointimal Growth after Repeated Arterial Wall Injury Induced by Angioplasty in Pigs

Platelet and neutrophil interactions with injured vascular wall may contribute to restenosis. Their importance was mainly examined following balloon injury of intact arteries. However, dilation of diseased arteries is clinically more relevant and may elicit different responses. We investigated the relationship between platelets and neutrophil adhesion, neointima formation and P-selectin expression on damaged arteries after repeated balloon injury. In an acute single-injury model, 8 pigs were subjected to bilateral carotid angioplasty and sacrificed 1 h later. In a chronic model, 19 pigs were subjected to similar procedures and allowed to recover for 4 weeks; then 18 arteries were redilated at the same previously injured sites (double injury) while the remaining arteries were not redilated and used to investigate the extent and the adhesive properties of the neointima. After single injury, 51Cr-platelet adhesion (×106/cm2) increased significantly from 3.8 ± 0.6 to 45.9 ± 6.5 (p < 0.05) on mildly and deeply injured segments, respectively, and were statistically similar after double injury. After single injury, 111In-neutrophil adhesion (×103/cm2) increased from 226.6 ± 45.5 to 512.5 ± 70.3 (p < 0.05) on mildly and deeply injured segments, and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after double injury (mild: 1,289.1 ± 227.9 and deep: 2,411.8 ± 333.9). As well, the neo-endothelium expresses P-selectin at 4 weeks and platelet and neutrophil adhesion was directly related to neointimal growth. These results, which indicate ongoing proinflammatory processes 1 month post-angioplasty, suggest that neutrophils may participate in the progression of restenosis.
Research on fault characteristics and relay protection strategy of doubly fed induction generator wind turbine

Wind generation is widely utilized today as a promising form. As the major type of wind turbines, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines have been proved promising. Now great attention is paid to the dispatch, protection and control of power systems integrated with wind power of large capacity. In this paper, the mathematical model of DFIG wind turbines is built in PSCAD software. Simulation and analysis of four typical types of faults are made and compared. Then the influencing factor of fault currents of DFIG system is discussed at length. And adaptive instantaneous trip current protection is adopted in this paper as the relay protection method. As the conclusion, PSCAD simulation is used once more to validate the protection strategy.
[Leishmaniasis diagnosis: going from microscopic observation of parasite to DNA detection].

INTRODUCTION Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by several species from Leishmania genus, which has been increasingly reported in the last few years. Several genetic, immunological factors and others related to this parasite have been associated to the outcome of the infection, and the occurrence of illness in varied clinical forms. All the aforementioned has an impact on the diagnostic method that should be used. METHODS A basic and recent literature review was made, mainly focused on general aspects of leishmaniasis as epidemiological situation of disease, life cycle and transmission, vectors, clinical presentation and diagnosis; the latter shows information about the main methods used at present. The procedure followed by the Leishmania group at "Pedro Kourí" Institute of Tropical Medicine to support the diagnostic activities was presented as well. RESULTS Updated practical information about the chosen topics was presented, with a practical guiding approach aimed at the health personnel that must face suspected leishmaniasis cases. Tables and figures summarized relevant aspects in an organized form, as well as the working algorithm of Institute concerning diagnosis was presented. The application of molecular diagnosis by this working team was particularly underlined. CONCLUSIONS As leishmaniasis is still out of control, opportune diagnosis remains a must. All the methods provide useful information for taking decisions on clinical management, treatment and epidemiology of this parasitosis; hence, a working algorithm was submitted in our lab based on the most useful methods under our present conditions and experience.
Predicting cell-type–specific gene expression from regions of open chromatin

Complex patterns of cell-type–specific gene expression are thought to be achieved by combinatorial binding of transcription factors (TFs) to sequence elements in regulatory regions. Predicting cell-type–specific expression in mammals has been hindered by the oftentimes unknown location of distal regulatory regions. To alleviate this bottleneck, we used DNase-seq data from 19 diverse human cell types to identify proximal and distal regulatory elements at genome-wide scale. Matched expression data allowed us to separate genes into classes of cell-type–specific up-regulated, down-regulated, and constitutively expressed genes. CG dinucleotide content and DNA accessibility in the promoters of these three classes of genes displayed substantial differences, highlighting the importance of including these aspects in modeling gene expression. We associated DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) with genes, and trained classifiers for different expression patterns. TF sequence motif matches in DHSs provided a strong performance improvement in predicting gene expression over the typical baseline approach of using proximal promoter sequences. In particular, we achieved competitive performance when discriminating up-regulated genes from different cell types or genes up- and down-regulated under the same conditions. We identified previously known and new candidate cell-type–specific regulators. The models generated testable predictions of activating or repressive functions of regulators. DNase I footprints for these regulators were indicative of their direct binding to DNA. In summary, we successfully used information of open chromatin obtained by a single assay, DNase-seq, to address the problem of predicting cell-type–specific gene expression in mammalian organisms directly from regulatory sequence.