Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marine Heatwaves.

Ocean temperature variability is a fundamental component of the Earth's climate system, and extremes in this variability affect the health of marine ecosystems around the world. The study of marine heatwaves has emerged as a rapidly growing field of research, given notable extreme warm-water events that have occurred against a background trend of global ocean warming. This review summarizes the latest physical and statistical understanding of marine heatwaves based on how they are identified, defined, characterized, and monitored through remotely sensed and in situ data sets. We describe the physical mechanisms that cause marine heatwaves, along with their global distribution, variability, and trends. Finally, we discuss current issues in this developing research area, including considerations related to the choice of climatological baseline periods in defining extremes and how to communicate findings in the context of societal needs. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Marine Science, Volume 13 is January 4, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
L-carnitine infusion does not alleviate lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility

Background Low carnitine status may underlie the development of insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility. Intravenous lipid infusion elevates plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and is a model for simulating insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in healthy, insulin sensitive volunteers. Here, we hypothesized that co-infusion of L-carnitine may alleviate lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility. Methods In a randomized crossover trial, eight young healthy volunteers underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (40mU/m2/min) with simultaneous infusion of saline (CON), Intralipid (20%, 90mL/h) (LIPID), or Intralipid (20%, 90mL/h) combined with L-carnitine infusion (28mg/kg) (LIPID+CAR). Ten volunteers were randomized for the intervention arms (CON, LIPID and LIPID+CAR), but two dropped-out during the study. Therefore, eight volunteers participated in all three intervention arms and were included for analysis. Results L-carnitine infusion elevated plasma free carnitine availability and resulted in a more pronounced increase in plasma acetylcarnitine, short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines compared to lipid infusion, however no differences in skeletal muscle free carnitine or acetylcarnitine were found. Peripheral insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility were blunted upon lipid infusion compared to CON but L-carnitine infusion did not alleviate this. Conclusion Acute L-carnitine infusion could not alleviated lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility and did not alter skeletal muscle carnitine availability. Possibly, lipid-induced insulin resistance may also have affected carnitine uptake and may have blunted the insulin-induced carnitine storage in muscle. Future studies are needed to investigate this.
PFN2 and NAA80 cooperate to efficiently acetylate the N-terminus of actin

The actin cytoskeleton is of profound importance to cell shape, division, and intracellular force generation. Profilins bind to globular (G-)actin and regulate actin filament formation. Although profilins are well-established actin regulators, the distinct roles of the dominant profilin, profilin 1 (PFN1), versus the less abundant profilin 2 (PFN2) remain enigmatic. In this study, we use interaction proteomics to discover that PFN2 is an interaction partner of the actin N-terminal acetyltransferase NAA80, and further confirm this by analytical ultracentrifugation. Enzyme assays with NAA80 and different profilins demonstrate that PFN2 binding specifically increases the intrinsic catalytic activity of NAA80. NAA80 binds PFN2 through a proline-rich loop, deletion of which abrogates PFN2 binding. Small-angle X-ray scattering shows that NAA80, actin, and PFN2 form a ternary complex and that NAA80 has partly disordered regions in the N-terminus and the proline-rich loop, the latter of which is partly ordered upon PFN2 binding. Furthermore, binding of PFN2 to NAA80 via the proline-rich loop promotes binding between the globular domains of actin and NAA80, and thus acetylation of actin. However, the majority of cellular NAA80 is stably bound to PFN2 and not to actin, and we propose that this complex acetylates G-actin before it is incorporated into filaments. In conclusion, we reveal a functionally specific role of PFN2 as a stable interactor and regulator of the actin N-terminal acetyltransferase NAA80, and establish the modus operandi for NAA80-mediated actin N-terminal acetylation, a modification with a major impact on cytoskeletal dynamics.
Update on Nonfacial Fat Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Fat transplantation is becoming increasingly popular for off-face rejuvenation. OBJECTIVE To provide an update in the literature of current knowledge and emerging concepts in the use of fat transplantation for nonfacial applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This update includes the potential benefits and risks of using fat transfer techniques on the body. RESULTS The current literature and author experiences are provided to help understand this growing field of aesthetic procedures. CONCLUSIONS The use of nonfacial fat transplantation is increasing and will become a larger part of aesthetic practices.
Molecular and Structural Effects of Percutaneous Interventions in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common problem, especially in people of working age, as well as in the elderly. Although the pathogenesis of tendinopathy is better known, therapeutic management of AT remains challenging. Various percutaneous treatments have been applied to tendon lesions: e.g., injectable treatments, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), corticosteroids, stem cells, MMP inhibitors, and anti-angiogenic agents), as well as percutaneous procedures without any injection (percutaneous soft tissue release and dry needling). In this review, we will describe and comment on data about the molecular and structural effects of these treatments obtained in vitro and in vivo and report their efficacy in clinical trials. Local treatments have some impact on neovascularization, inflammation or tissue remodeling in animal models, but evidence from clinical trials remains too weak to establish an accurate management plan, and further studies will be necessary to evaluate their value.
Tumour size and overall survival among surgically treated patients with non‐metastatic colon cancer in the U.S. Military Health System

Larger tumour size and lymph node involvement traditionally predict poorer survival in colon cancer patients. However, it has been recently suggested that very small tumours (<5 mm) may be a predictor of poor prognosis in colon cancer patients when lymph nodes are involved. This study investigated whether node‐positive colon cancer patients with small tumours had worse survival compared to those with larger tumours in the Department of Defense’s (DoD) Military Health System (MHS), a universal health care system.
The effects of parental control and warmth on problematic internet use in adolescents: A prospective cohort study

Abstract Background and aims Problematic internet use (PIU) is a highly prevalent condition with severe adverse effects. The literature suggests that parent-child bonding and parental behavioral control exert protective effects against PIU. However, the most relevant studies rely on simplistic measurement of parenting, cross-sectional designs and mixed-aged samples. Our study analyzed the effect of maternal and paternal parenting on PIU by using a prospective design and a cohort sample of same-aged children. Methods Data from 1,019 Czech 12-year-old sixth-graders who were followed until ninth grade were used. Maternal and paternal responsiveness and strictness were reported by children using the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and the Parental Control Scale (PCS). PIU was measured by the Excessive Internet Use Scale (EIUS). Results The self-reported PIU prevalence in nine-graders (15-year-old) was 8.1%. Parenting, reported by adolescents 18 months before PIU screening, showed significant relationships with PIU: parental responsiveness was negatively and moderately associated, while maternal strictness showed a weak positive association; the authoritative parenting style in both parents decreased PIU, with a PIU probability of 3.21%, while a combination of maternal authoritarian and paternal neglectful parenting was associated with PIU probability as high as 20.9%. Discussion and conclusions The self-reported prevalence of PIU in Czech adolescents was found to be high. The effects of parenting on PIU were similar to the effects of parenting on other problematic behavior among adolescents. Our findings showed the need for interventions to prevent PIU by helping parents to apply optimal parenting styles.
Adjuvant FOLFOX+Nab-Paclitaxel (FOLFOX-A) for Pancreatic Cancer

Objectives: Multiple clinical trials have established a role for adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant FOLFIRINOX increases survival as compared with gemcitabine but with increased toxicity. FOLFOX+nab-paclitaxel (FOLFOX-A) was developed by the Brown University Oncology Research Group (BrUOG) as an alternative to FOLFIRINOX. This phase II trial explored the feasibility and toxicity of adjuvant FOLFOX-A in patients who have completed resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: Patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were eligible. The primary objective was to determine the feasibility of adjuvant FOLFOX-A. Patients experiencing grade 2 neuropathy received a 20% reduction of oxaliplatin. Secondary end points were disease-free survival, and overall survival. Results: Between June 2014 and October 2018, 25 patients were enrolled following surgical resection. The median number of cycles completed was 9.5. Median disease-free survival was 19.7 months (95% confidence interval, 10.3 to not reached) and median overall survival was 53.5 months (95% confidence interval, 24.2 to not reached). The most common treatment-related grade 3 or greater adverse events were fatigue (58%), nausea (13%), and neutropenia (26%). Fourteen patients had grade 2 neuropathy (58%) and 1 patient (4%) had grade 3 neuropathy. Only 2 patients (8%) had grade 3 diarrhea. Conclusions: Adjuvant FOLFOX-A is a feasible multi-agent adjuvant treatment regimen and, with further validation, could be an alternative to FOLFIRINOX.
Regulating Interfacial Chemistry in Lithium-Ion Batteries by a Weakly-Solvating Electrolyte.

The performance of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is highly dependent on their interfacial chemistry, which is regulated by electrolytes. Conventional electrolyte typically contains polar solvents to dissociate Li salts. Herein we report a weakly-solvating electrolyte (WSE) that consists of a pure non-polar solvent, which leads to a peculiar solvation structure where ion pairs and aggregates prevail under a low salt concentration of 1.0 M. Importantly, WSE forms unique anion-derived interphases on graphite electrodes that exhibit fast-charging and long-term cycling characteristics. First-principles calculations unravel a general principle that the competitive coordination between anions and solvents to Li ions is the origin of different interfacial chemistries. By bridging the gap between solution thermodynamics and interfacial chemistry in batteries, this work opens a brand-new way towards precise electrolyte engineering for energy storage devices with desired properties.
Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves

Simple Summary Dairy calf producers are concerned about feeding barley grain to dairy calves due to its rapid starch fermentation rate in the rumen compared to corn grain. Therefore, corn grain is still the main energy source in starter diets in dairy calves. However, some studies on bull and dairy calves indicated that there are some potentials for including barley grain in their diets with positively influencing the performance and feed efficiency. Optimum protein content in starter diet is an important factor influencing the animal growth response to grain source. This may be due to adequate nitrogen availability rate when starch is rapidly degraded in the rumen. Therefore, we hypothesized that dairy calves may produce different growth response to grain source with various ruminal starch degradation rate (high degradation rate in barley grain vs. low degradation rate in corn grain) when fed with starters with different protein content. Here we show that the average daily gain, feed efficiency, and ruminal fermentation profile were improved in dairy calves fed with barley grain. Furthermore, when dairy calves receive high protein content in their starter diet, barley grain improves growth performance in comparison with corn grain. Our study suggests that barley grain can be included in dairy calf starter diet when a starter with higher protein content is provided. Abstract The effects of a grain source (corn grain (CG) vs. barley grain (BG)) and starter protein content (19% vs. 22% CP, dry matter basis) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites were evaluated in Holstein dairy calves. Forty 3-day-old female calves with a starting body weight of 39.3 kg were subjected to four treatments in a completely randomized design with two by two factorial arrangements. Treatments were: (1) CG + 19% CP (CG-19CP); (2) CG + 22% CP (CG-22CP); (3) BG + 19% CP (BG-19CP); and (4) BG + 22% CP (BG-22CP). All calves were weaned at 59 days of age and remained in the study until 73 days of age. Starter and total DM intake were not affected by grain source and dietary protein content (p > 0.05). The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved, and ruminal total short-chain fatty acid, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were increased in BG calves compared to CG calves (p < 0.05). The ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (d 71; p = 0.02) and acetate (d 35; p = 0.02) were increased in CG fed calves compared to BG. The greatest wither height (p = 0.03) and blood insulin concentration (p = 0.03) were seen in BG-22CP treatment. In conclusion, BG has marginal benefit in the height of calves when fed with diet containing 22% CP which may be recommendable in replacement heifer rearing programs.
On Aggregation of Unsupervised Deep Binary Descriptor With Weak Bits

Despite the thrilling success achieved by existing binary descriptors, most of them are still in the mire of three limitations: 1) vulnerable to the geometric transformations; 2) incapable of preserving the manifold structure when learning binary codes; 3) NO guarantee to find the true match if multiple candidates happen to have the same Hamming distance to a given query. All these together make the binary descriptor less effective, given large-scale visual recognition tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based feature descriptor, namely Unsupervised Deep Binary Descriptor (UDBD), which learns transformation invariant binary descriptors via projecting the original data and their transformed sets into a joint binary space. Moreover, we involve a $\ell _{2,1}$ -norm loss term in the binary embedding process to gain simultaneously the robustness against data noises and less probability of mistakenly flipping bits of the binary descriptor, on top of it, a graph constraint is used to preserve the original manifold structure in the binary space. Furthermore, a weak bit mechanism is adopted to find the real match from candidates sharing the same minimum Hamming distance, thus enhancing matching performance. Extensive experimental results on public datasets show the superiority of UDBD in terms of matching and retrieval accuracy over state-of-the-arts.
Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)/thyroid transcription factor‐1 double immunohistochemical staining facilitates scoring of tumor PD‐L1 expression in cytopathology specimens from lung adenocarcinoma patients

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized lung adenocarcinoma therapy. Treatment with antibodies against the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) can induce a durable response in a subset of patients. Immunohistochemistry characterization of tumor PD‐L1 expression using either a histopathology specimen or a cytopathology specimen has been shown to correlate with treatment response. However, the current practice relies on pathologists' visual estimation of tumor PD‐L1 staining, which can be variable in certain conditions. Highlighting tumor cells via double immunostaining with PD‐L1 and thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) may improve estimation accuracy.
Public health programmes to promote mental health in young people: a systematic integrative review protocol

Introduction In light of the ever-growing mental health disease burden among young people worldwide, we aim to systematically review the global literature to identify the public health programmes targeted at promoting mental health and well-being in young people, the reported/anticipated mental health-related outcomes of the implemented public health programmes and the reported facilitators and barriers in relation to the implementation of those public health programmes. Methods and analysis A comprehensive literature search will be carried out in the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, ASSIA, Web of Science, Global Health, AMED, Health Source and The Cochrane Library. Further, a manual search of the reference lists of eligible studies and reviews will be carried out. The search strategy will include combinations of three key blocks of terms, namely: ‘young people’, ‘mental health’ and ‘public health programme’, using database-specific subject headings and text words. Two reviewers will independently screen, assess data quality and extract data for synthesis. Disagreements at any stage will be resolved by consensus with the involvement of a third reviewer. Given the anticipated methodological pluralism of the potential eligible studies, we will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings on public health programmes aimed at promoting the mental health and well-being of young people according to identified thematic areas. Furthermore, a narrative synthesis of the reported facilitators and barriers in relation to the implementation of public health programmes will be provided. Ethics and dissemination Given that the review findings will be focused on understanding the breadth and depth of the global research into public health programmes to promote mental health in young people with a particular emphasis on the facilitators and barriers of programmatic implementation, the findings will be of great value to inform future interventions, programmes and approaches to promote mental health and well-being of young people worldwide. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018099551.
Lotus japonicus Nuclear Factor YA1, a nodule emergence stage‐specific regulator of auxin signalling

Summary Organogenesis of legume root nodules begins with the nodulation factor‐dependent stimulation of compatible root cells to initiate divisions, signifying an early nodule primordium formation event. This is followed by cellular differentiation, including cell expansion and vascular bundle formation, and we previously showed that Lotus japonicus NF‐YA1 is essential for this process, presumably by regulating three members of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (STY) transcription factor gene family. In this study, we used combined genetics, genomics and cell biology approaches to characterize the role of STY genes during root nodule formation and to test a hypothesis that they mediate nodule development by stimulating auxin signalling. We show here that L. japonicus STYs are required for nodule emergence. This is attributed to the NF‐YA1‐dependent regulatory cascade, comprising STY genes and their downstream targets, YUCCA1 and YUCCA11, involved in a local auxin biosynthesis at the post‐initial cell division stage. An analogous NF‐YA1/STY regulatory module seems to operate in Medicago truncatula in association with the indeterminate nodule patterning. Our data define L. japonicus and M. truncatula NF‐YA1 genes as important nodule emergence stage‐specific regulators of auxin signalling while indicating that the inductive stage and subsequent formation of early nodule primordia are mediated through an independent mechanism(s).
Antimicrobial and preservative effects of the combinations of nisin, tea polyphenols, rosemary extract and chitosan on pasteurized chicken sausage.

The study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of the combinations of nisin (NS), tea polyphenols (TP), rosemary extract (RE) and chitosan (CS) on low-temperature chicken sausage. An orthogonal test revealed that the most effective antimicrobial compositions were equal-quantity mixtures of 0.05% NS + 0.05% TP + 0.03% RE + 0.55% CS . The mixture also produced strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects in low-temperature chicken sausage related to extend the shelf life to more than 30 days at 4°C. The study also investigated the inhibitory zone of NS, TP, RE and CS against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Staphylococcus aureus which were the dominant spoilage bacteria in low-temperature chicken sausage. NS had the greatest inhibitory effect on LAB and Staphylococcus aureus , exhibiting clear zone diameters of 19.7 mm and 17.8 mm respectively. TP had the largest inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa , exhibiting a clear zone diameter of 18.2 mm. These results indicated that the combination of NS, TP, RE and CS could be used as natural preservative s to efficiently inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms in low-temperature chicken sausage so as to improve its safety and shelf life.
Patients' Experiences of Deciding Whether or Not to Accept Bone Conduction Hearing Implants: A Qualitative Investigation.

OBJECTIVES Bone conduction hearing implants (BCHIs) are an effective option to rehabilitate hearing for people who cannot use conventional, air conduction hearing aids. However, the uptake of such devices in the United Kingdom is lower than might be expected, and the reasons for this are not fully understood. The present study used qualitative methods to explore decision-making about whether to accept or reject BCHIs. DESIGN Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 17 BCHI candidates who had recently accepted or rejected BCHIs. RESULTS A thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: participants wanted to look and feel normal; potential risks were weighed against rewards; participants felt that there was a "right time" to have a BCHI; and information from clinicians and BCHI users was treated differently. Participants' perceptions of normality were influential in the final decision, and the BHCI was seen either as a barrier or facilitator of this. Participants consistently weighed up potential advantages and disadvantages of BCHIs, with potential for hearing improvement typically used as a benchmark against which other factors were measured. Some participants who rejected BCHIs felt that they could reconsider having a BCHI when they felt the time was right for them. Participants highly valued advice from clinicians, but felt that their expertise lacked validity as clinicians typically did not have experience of using BCHIs themselves. CONCLUSIONS The decision to accept or reject a BCHI was highly individual. Each participant considered a range of factors; the influence of each factor depended on the individual's perceptions and experiences. This work highlights the importance of clinical staff being able to explore the individual priorities and concerns of each patient to ensure that patients feel happy and confident with the decision that they make.