Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infant learning of words in a typologically distant nonnative language

Abstract Infants attune to their native language during the first two years of life, as attested by decreases in the processing of nonnative phonological sounds and reductions in the range of possible sounds accepted as labels for native words. The present study shows that French-learning infants aged 1;8 can learn new words in an unfamiliar language, Cantonese, after just 6 repetitions of each word. This shows that word learning in a nonnative language remains possible during the second year of life even in a nonnative language that is typologically distinct from the native language.
Abstract C113: Modeling cetuximab clinical trial by conducting in vivo efficacy evaluation in large panel CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models without in vitro manipulation mirror patients9 histopathological and genetic profiles1,2. This has the potential to significantly improve the predictive power of preclinical cancer animal models, and more importantly to enable the identification of predictive biomarkers for targeted therapeutics. In this study, we set out to mimic a small size clinical trial by testing cetuximab in a large cohort of CRC models. Among 19 CRC models tested, 7 models were found sensitive (37%) and 12 resistant (63%) to cetuximab. All 3 models with BRAF activating mutation are found resistant to cetuximab. Of the 11 models with KRAS activating mutation, the response profile is more complex, with 6 models resistant and 5 models responsive to cetuximab. It is interesting that 3 out of the 4 models with G13D mutation are sensitive to cetuximab. Of the 5 models which harbor neither KRAS nor BRAF mutation, 3 models are resistant, suggesting that other oncogenic drivers are involved. Interestingly, one of the resistant models harbors an EGFR R776H activating mutation. The observation that KRAS mutations such as G13D and G12C are still sensitive to cetuximab, although contrary to the accepted dogma that CRC patient with mutant KRAS does not benefit from cetuximab3, is consistent with the recent findings in clinic4–7. Other KRAS mutations such as A146T and R61H were found in the resistant models, may imply that mutations besides codon 12 and 13 can play roles in the pathogenesis of CRC and the drug resistance. The overall resistant profile of models with BRAF mutation may also suggests another potential risk factor which warrants further investigation. In summary, our results have demonstrated that large panel HuPrime® can be used to effectively evaluate investigational new drugs for efficacy prediction and to discover predictive biomarkers to guide patient stratification for clinical development. References 1. E. Marangoni et al., Clin Cancer Res 13, 3989, 2007. 2. L. Ding et al., Nature 464, 999, 2010. 3. A. Lievre et al., Cancer Res 66, 3992, 2006. 4. W. De Roock, V. De Vriendt, N. Normanno, F. Ciardiello, S. Tejpar, Lancet Oncol 12, 594, 2011. 5. W. De Roock et al., JAMA 304, 1812, 2010. 6. W. De Roock et al., Lancet Oncol 11, 753, 2010. 7. R. Kirk, Nat Rev Clin Oncol 8, 1 2011. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C113.
2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines.

DOCUMENT REVIEWERS Hind Beheiry (Sudan), Irina Chazova (Russia), Albertino Damasceno (Mozambique), Anna Dominiczak (UK), Anastase Dzudie (Cameroon), Stephen Harrap (Australia), Hiroshi Itoh (Japan), Tazeen Jafar (Singapore), Marc Jaffe (USA), Patricio Jaramillo-Lopez (Colombia), Kazuomi Kario (Japan), Giuseppe Mancia (Italy), Ana Mocumbi (Mozambique), Sanjeevi N.Narasingan (India), Elijah Ogola (Kenya), Srinath Reddy (India), Ernesto Schiffrin (Canada), Ann Soenarta (Indonesia), Rhian Touyz (UK), Yudah Turana (Indonesia), Michael Weber (USA), Paul Whelton (USA), Xin Hua Zhang, (Australia), Yuqing Zhang (China).
Preparation and Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies for Aspergillus fumigatus

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against Aspergillus fumigatus, a fungus which is an etiological agent of aspergillosis. Male SPF BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with A. fumigatus culture-filtrate or mycelial antigen. Their splenocytes were hybridized with mouse myeloma cells, P3 X 63 Ag 8.653 The hybridoma supernatants were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using A. fumigatus culture-filtrate antigen. Of the 123 hybridoma clones, 27 cell lines secreting antibodies positive for A. fumigatus were obtained. Two of these cell lines were further grown to larger volumes. The monoclonal antibodies obtained were immunoglobulin-M (IgM) antibodies, which were then purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Mono Q anion exchange chromatography. The purified monoclonal antibodies showed reactivity against the protein constituent of the culture-filtrate antigen.
Prediction of Motor Recovery in Patients with Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Predicting prognosis in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage is difficult. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging in predicting motor outcome after basal ganglia hemorrhage. A total of 12 patients with putaminal hemorrhage were included in the study (aged 50 ± 12 years), 8 patients were male (aged 46 ± 11 years) and 4 were female (aged 59 ± 9 years). We performed diffusion tensor imaging and measured clinical outcome at baseline (pre) and 3 weeks (post1), 3 months (post2), and 6 months (post3) after the initial treatment. In the affected side of the brain, the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) value on pons was significantly higher in the good outcome group than that in the poor outcome group at pre (p = 0.004) and post3 (p = 0.025). Pearson correlation analysis showed that mean FA value at pre significantly correlated with the sum of the Brunnstrom motor recovery stage scores at post3 (R = 0.8, p = 0.002). Change in the FA ratio on diffusion tractography can predict motor recovery after hemorrhagic stroke.
Soil Treatment with Entomopathogenic Fungi for Corn Rootworm (Diabroticaspp.) Larval Control

Abstract Field trials were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to determine the efficacy of soil applications of the entomopathogenic fungiMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassianaagainst the southern corn rootworm (SCR),Diabrotica undecimpunctata,in corn. Dry mycelial particles were incorporated into the soil to a depth of 15 cm at rates of 9.3 and 0.93 g particles/m row at planting time. The concentration of fungus in soil increased during the first month postapplication and then decreased during the second month for both trials. One month after the application of fungus, the treated soil adjacent to corn plants was infested with 300–350 and 600–650 SCR eggs during 1988 and 1989, respectively. In 1988, the high treatment rate ofM. anisopliaewas equal to the uninfested control in preventing goosenecked plants and larval feeding on roots and in limiting adult emergence. The effectiveness of the high rate ofM. anisopliaecoincided with a stable soil concentration of the fungus of at least 2.7 × 105CFU/cm3soil during larval development. All other fungal treatments provided lesser degrees of plant protection and reduced adult emergence compared to the SCR-infested control. In 1989, the effectiveness of all fungal treatments was reduced compared to that in 1988. However, root damage ratings among plants in fungus-treated soil were significantly lower than those in the SCR-infested control.
The nutritive value for ruminants of thin stillage and distillers' grains derived from wheat, rye, triticale and barley.

A study was conducted to determine nutrient degradabilities of thin stillages and distillers' grains derived from wheat-, rye-, triticale- and barley-based ethanol production. In vitro protein degradabilities of wheat, rye, triticale and barley thin stillages were determined using a protease enzyme assay. One ruminally fistulated cow was used to determine ruminal nutrient degradabilities for wheat, rye, triticale and barley distillers' grains. Results of the in vitro study showed that the soluble protein fraction was highest for rye thin stillage and lowest for barley thin stillage. The degradation rate of the slowly degradable protein fraction was higher for wheat and triticale thin stillage than rye thin stillage and was higher for rye than barley thin stillage. Effective degradability of crude protein followed the order rye (659 g kg−1) > triticale (632 g kg−1) > wheat (608 g kg−1) > barley (482 g kg−1) thin stillage. Ruminal degradability of dry matter was highest for rye and lowest for barley distillers' grains. Ruminal degradability of dry matter was also higher for wheat than triticale distillers' grains. Crude protein from barley distillers' grains had a lower ruminal degradability relative to crude protein from wheat and rye distillers' grains. Ruminal degradability of neutral detergent fibre was highest for rye distillers' grains (470 g kg−1), intermediate for wheat and triticale distillers' grains (average 445 g kg−1) and lowest for barley distillers' grains (342 g kg−1). It was concluded that thin stillage and distillers' grains derived from barley had a lower nutritive value for ruminants compared with those derived from wheat, rye and triticale. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Competitive development of Thiocapsa roseopersicina and Chlorobium phaebacteroides in Lake Kinneret

The beginning of the bloom of Chlorobium phaeobacteroides in Lake Kinneret is accompanied by the occurrence of cells of Thiocapsa roseopersicina, which subsequently disappear. It was found that Thiocapsa requires relatively high light intensities (50–100 μE∙m−2∙s−1) for growth which proved to be higher than that for Chlorobium. Acetate played an important role in the growth of Thiocapsa only when the organisms were exposed to light intensities which were not optimal for photosynthesis. Optimum total sulfide concentrations for growth of Thiocapsa were found to be in the range of 1–3 mM. Considering the differential uptake of the reduced sulfur components H2S and HS−, a preference for HS− is suggested. It seems further likely that H2S inhibits growth at concentrations above 1 mM, independent of the pH. Compared with Chlorobium, favourable conditions for Thiocapsa at the beginning of the bloom period are due to low in situ concentrations of H2S, which prevent rapid development of Chlorobium.
Effect of antidepressants for cessation therapy in betel-quid use disorder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Aims More than one-half of betel-quid (BQ) chewers have betel-quid use disorder (BUD). However, no medication has been approved. We performed a randomised clinical trial to test the efficacy of taking escitalopram and moclobemide antidepressants on betel-quid chewing cessation (BQ-CC) treatment. Methods We enrolled 111 eligible male BUD patients. They were double-blinded, placebo-controlled and randomised into three treatment groups: escitalopram 10 mg/tab daily, moclobemide 150 mg/tab daily and placebo. Patients were followed-up every 2 weeks and the length of the trial was 8 weeks. The primary outcome was BQ-CC, defined as BUD patients who continuously stopped BQ use for ⩾6 weeks. The secondary outcomes were the frequency and amount of BQ intake, and two psychological rating scales. Several clinical adverse effects were measured during the 8-week treatment. Results Intention-to-treat analysis shows that after 8 weeks, two (5.4%), 13 (34.2%) and 12 (33.3%) of BUD patients continuously quit BQ chewing for ⩾6 weeks among placebo, escitalopram, moclobemide groups, respectively. The adjusted proportion ratio of BQ-CC was 6.3 (95% CI 1.5–26.1) and 6.8 (95% CI 1.6–28.0) for BUD patients who used escitalopram and moclobemide, respectively, as compared with those who used placebo. BUD patients with escitalopram and moclobemide treatments both exhibited a significantly lower frequency and amount of BQ intake at the 8th week than those with placebo. Conclusions Prescribing a fixed dose of moclobemide and escitalopram to BUD patients over 8 weeks demonstrated treatment benefits to BQ-CC. Given a relatively small sample, this study provides preliminary evidence and requires replication in larger trials.
Reproductive health outcomes among eating disordered females: a register-based follow-up study among former adolescent psychiatric inpatients

Abstract Objective To analyze an association of eating disorders (EDs) to reproductive health outcomes among former adolescent psychiatric inpatients, hospitalized between the ages 13 and 17 years. The register-based follow-up information on psychiatric comorbidity and use of prescribed addictive psychotropic medication up to early adulthood were also explored. Methods A total of 31 (10.3%) women with a diagnosed ED were identified from the initial sample of 300 female adolescents, treated in psychiatric inpatient care between 2001 and 2006. The K-SADS-PL and EuropASI research instruments were used to gather information during the adolescent psychiatric hospitalization. The follow-up data for reproductive health outcomes and psychiatric comorbidity up to early adulthood were obtained from the national health care registers. Information on prescribed addictive psychotropic medication was provided by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. In analyses, EDs were categorized into anorexia nervosa (AN) and other EDs (OED). AN accounted for 58.1% of all EDs. Of OEDs, the majority (69.1%) were bulimia. Results None of the women with AN, but 53.8% of those with OED had undergone medical abortions by early adulthood. Childbirths were emphasized in women with OED (61.5%) and a history of hospital-treated poisonings in women with AN (55.6%). High nicotine dependence in adolescence (30.8%) was a characteristic of women with OED. Conclusion Our study findings suggest that OED may expose affected women to various unfavorable reproductive health outcomes, particularly women with a history of psychiatric admissions. Recognizing the differences in young women with different subtypes of ED is important when discussing contraception and pregnancy.
Calculated parenteral initial treatment of bacterial infections: Microbiology

This is the second chapter of the guideline “Calculated initial parenteral treatment of bacterial infections in adults – update 2018” in the 2nd updated version. The German guideline by the Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie e.V. (PEG) has been translated to address an international audience. Preliminary microbiological findings regarding the patient and their immediate environment are crucial for the calculation of treatment with antibiotics in each case, as well as the resistance situation of the ward on which the patient is being cared for. If such data is not available, regional or supra-regional data can be used as a fallback. This chapter describes the methods of susceptibility testing, informs about the resistance situation in Germany and describes the main resistance mechanisms of bacterial pathogens against antibiotics. Further, the chapter informs about collateral damage of antibiotics as well as medical measures against increasing resistance.
p53 is regulated by aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells by the CtBP family of NADH-dependent transcriptional regulators

Increased glycolytic stress in cancer cells stimulates p53 production to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Protective p53 response To fuel their rapid proliferation, tumor cells increase their rates of glycolysis, which not only generates precursors for biosynthetic pathways but also results in an increase in the NADH:NAD+ ratio. Birts et al. found that, in highly glycolytic cancer cells in vitro, the increased NADH:NAD+ ratio resulted in an increase in the abundance of the NADH-bound forms of CtBP family transcriptional regulators, which prevented their interaction with the p53-binding protein HDM2, thus enabling the accumulation of p53. The resulting expression of p53 target genes was required to maintain metabolic homeostasis, highlighting a role for p53 in protecting cells from glycolytic stress. High rates of glycolysis in cancer cells are a well-established characteristic of many human tumors, providing rapidly proliferating cancer cells with metabolites that can be used as precursors for anabolic pathways. Maintenance of high glycolytic rates depends on the lactate dehydrogenase–catalyzed regeneration of NAD+ from GAPDH-generated NADH because an increased NADH:NAD+ ratio inhibits GAPDH. Here, using human breast cancer cell models, we identified a pathway in which changes in the extramitochondrial-free NADH:NAD+ ratio signaled through the CtBP family of NADH-sensitive transcriptional regulators to control the abundance and activity of p53. NADH-free forms of CtBPs cooperated with the p53-binding partner HDM2 to suppress p53 function, and loss of these forms in highly glycolytic cells resulted in p53 accumulation. We propose that this pathway represents a “glycolytic stress response” in which the initiation of a protective p53 response by an increased NADH:NAD+ ratio enables cells to avoid cellular damage caused by mismatches between metabolic supply and demand.
Association of preeclampsia with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in Indian children

Background and objective Birth weight and post-natal growth are important predictors of adult health. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with low birth weight and may have long term effects on the health of the children. The current study aims to compare anthropometry and blood pressure between children of mothers with and without PE in an Indian cohort. Methods We studied children born to women with (PE; n = 211) and without preeclampsia (non-PE; n = 470) at Bharati Hospital, Pune, India. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured in children at 3–7 years of age. Weight and height Z-scores were calculated using the WHO 2006 growth reference. Independent t-tests were used to compare means between the two groups, and associations between preeclampsia and child outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Weight and height Z-scores (p = 0.04 and 0.008), and subscapular skinfold thickness (p = 0.03) were higher among children of PE compared with children of non-PE mothers. Systolic blood pressure was also higher in children of PE mothers (1.70 mmHg [95% CI 0.05, 2.90] p = 0.006). BMI and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. In regression models adjusted for newborn weight and gestational age, current age and sex, and maternal height, BMI and socio-economic status, children of PE mothers had higher weight Z-score (0.27 SD [95%CI 0.06, 0.48] p = 0.01), height Z-score (0.28 SD [95%CI 0.09, 0.47] p = 0.005), and subscapular skinfold thickness (0.38 mm [95%CI 0.00, 0.76] p = 0.049). A trend for higher systolic blood pressure (1.59 mmHg [95%CI -0.02, 3.20] p = 0.053) in the children was also observed in the adjusted model. The difference in systolic blood pressure was attenuated after adjusting further for the child’s weight and height (1.09 mmHg [95%CI -0.48, 2.67] p = 0.17). There was no evidence of differences in effects between boys and girls. Conclusion Children of PE mothers were taller and heavier, and had higher systolic blood pressure, partly explained by their increased body size, than children of non-PE mothers. In utero exposure to preeclampsia may increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease.
Concomitant hypertension is associated with abnormal left ventricular geometry and lower systolic myocardial function in overweight participants: the FAT associated CardiOvasculaR dysfunction study.

OBJECTIVE We studied the impact of concomitant hypertension on left ventricular (LV) systolic myocardial function and geometry in apparently healthy women and men with increased BMI. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 535 participants (59% women) with BMI greater than 27 kg/m without known cardiovascular disease enrolled in the FAT associated CardiOvasculaR dysfunction (FATCOR) study. Hypertension was defined as use of antihypertensive treatment or elevated 24-h ambulatory blood pressure. Abnormal LV geometry was identified as increased relative wall thickness and/or LV mass index. Systolic myocardial function was assessed by midwall shortening (MWS) and speckle tracking peak global longitudinal strain (GLS). RESULTS Hypertensive participants were older (49 vs. 46 years), had higher BMI and waist circumference, higher prevalences of diabetes and abnormal LV geometry (29 vs. 16%), and lower GLS (-19 vs. -20%) and MWS (16.3 vs. 17.1%) compared with normotensive participants (all P < 0.01). In multivariable linear regression analyses, hypertension was associated with lower GLS (β=0.11, P = 0.035) and lower MWS (β=0.09, P = 0.029) independent of sex, diabetes, LV hypertrophy, ejection fraction, and waist circumference. Hypertension was also associated with presence of abnormal LV geometry [odds ratio 1.74 (95% confidence interval 1.04-2.89), P = 0.035) independent of the same confounders. When replacing waist circumference with BMI in the models, hypertension retained its association with lower myocardial function, whereas the association with abnormal LV geometry was attenuated. CONCLUSION In participants with increased BMI without known clinical cardiovascular disease, concomitant hypertension was associated with lower systolic myocardial function and more abnormal LV geometry. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov NCT02805478.
Range‐wide genetic structure in a north‐east Asian spruce (Picea jezoensis) determined using nuclear microsatellite markers

Aim We used microsatellite markers to determine the range‐wide genetic structure of Picea jezoensis and to test the hypothesis that the past population history of this widespread cold‐temperate spruce has resulted in a low level of genetic variation and in imprints of inbreeding and bottlenecks in isolated marginal populations.