Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of earthquake ground motion based on limited acceleration measurements of structure using Kalman filtering technique

Identification of earthquake ground motion from structural health monitoring (SHM) data provides a good means to reconstruct seismic loads that are essential for postearthquake safety assessments and disaster simulations of structures. Because the data measured by an SHM system are structural absolute response, they cannot be directly applied to the structural motion equation, which is established in relative coordinate system. As such, this paper originally derives the motion equation in absolute coordinate system and then expands the equation into modal space. In addition, the proposed method allows for identifying earthquake ground motion using incomplete modal information and limited measurements through the standard Kalman filter. Subsequently, a numerical two‐dimensional frame is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed method, and the influences of modal parameters and measurement noise on the identification accuracy are also fully investigated. The results show that the proposed method is sensitive to frequency and measurement noise but insensitive to modal shape and damping ratio. It is also found that the identified ground motion subjected to certain measure noise can still be reliably employed for postseismic response calculations of medium‐ and long‐period structures. Finally, a shaking table test performing on a five‐floor frame further demonstrates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed identification algorithm for practical application.
Persistent Stereo Visual Localization on Cross-Modal Invariant Map

Autonomous mobile vehicles are expected to perform persistent and accurate localization with low-cost equipment. To achieve this goal, we propose a stereo camera based visual localization method using a modified laser map, which takes the advantage of both the low cost of camera, and high geometric precision of laser data to achieve long-term performance. Considering that LiDAR and camera give measurements of the same environment in different modalities, the cross-modal invariance is investigated to modify the laser map for visual localization. Specifically, a map learning algorithm is introduced to sample the robust subsets in laser maps that are useful for visual localization using multi-session visual and laser data. Further, a generative map model is derived to describe this cross-modal invariance, based on which two types of measurements are defined to model the laser map points as appropriate visual observations. Tightly coupling these measurements within the local bundle adjustment during online sliding-window based visual odometry, the vehicle can achieve robust localization even one year after the map was built. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated on both the public KITTI datasets and self-collected datasets in our campus, which include seasonal, illumination and object variations. On all experimental localization sessions, our method provides satisfactory results, even when the direction is opposite to that in the mapping session, verifying the superior performance of the laser map based visual localization method.
Support Vector Machine-Based EMG Signal Classification Techniques: A Review

This paper gives an overview of the different research works related to electromyographic signals (EMG) classification based on Support Vector Machines (SVM). The article summarizes the techniques used to make the classification in each reference. Furthermore, it includes the obtained accuracy, the number of signals or channels used, the way the authors made the feature vector, and the type of kernels used. Hence, this article also includes a compilation about the bands used to filter signals, the number of signals recommended, the most commonly used sampling frequencies, and certain features that can create the characteristics of the vector. This research gathers articles related to different kinds of SVM-based classification and other tools for signal processing in the field.
Vibration serviceability assessment of office floors for realistic walking and floor layout scenarios: Literature review

Over the last two decades, office floors have been built progressively lightweight with increasing spans and slenderness. Therefore, vibration performance of office floors due to walking dynamic loads is becoming their governing design criterion, determining their size and shape, and therefore overall weight and embodied energy of the building. To date, floor design guidelines around the world recommend walking load scenarios in offices featuring some or all of the following standard characteristics: (a) walking loads are assumed to be periodic dynamic excitation represented by the Fourier series, including harmonics corresponding to up to the first four integer multiples of the pacing frequency of which at least one is exciting the floor at a resonant frequency and (b) single person walking. However, the literature surveyed provides evidence that such assessment methodology is potentially an over-simplification which does not reflect real walking load scenarios, since crucial features of the floor vibration source, path and receiver are missing. First, in terms of vibration source, realistic scenarios need to feature (a) moving rather than stationary walking forces, (b) stochastic nature of human gait, (c) simultaneous multi-person walking and (d) human–structure interaction. Second, for the transmission path (i.e. office floor structure), two features are needed to consider: (a) realistic office floor layouts and (b) presence, or absence, of non-structural elements. Finally, for the vibration receivers (i.e. floor occupants), (a) vibrations calculated at floor locations occupied by users (instead of at the potential highest response location which may not be occupied), (b) actual period over which occupants feel vibration due to such excitation and (c) assessment of vibration levels based on their probability of occurrence. This study therefore addresses these seldom considered but increasingly important features and discusses realistic approaches to floor design for vibration serviceability.
Multi-Cell Interference Exploitation: Enhancing the Power Efficiency in Cell Coordination

In this paper, we propose a series of novel coordination schemes for multi-cell downlink communication. Starting from full base station (BS) coordination, we first propose a fully-coordinated scheme to exploit beneficial effects of both inter-cell and intra-cell interference, based on sharing both channel state information (CSI) and data among the BSs. To reduce the coordination overhead, we then propose a partially-coordinated scheme where only intra-cell interference is designed to be constructive while inter-cell is jointly suppressed by the coordinated BSs. Accordingly, the coordination only involves CSI exchange and the need for sharing data is eliminated. To further reduce the coordination overhead, a third scheme is proposed, which only requires the knowledge of statistical inter-cell channels, at the cost of a slight increase on the transmission power. For all the proposed schemes, imperfect CSI is considered. We minimize the total transmission power in terms of probabilistic and deterministic optimizations. Explicitly, the former statistically satisfies the users’ signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) while the latter guarantees the SINR requirements in the worst case CSI uncertainties. Simulation verifies that our schemes consume much lower power compared to the existing benchmarks, i.e., coordinated multi-point (CoMP) and coordinated-beamforming (CBF) systems, opening a new dimension on multi-cell coordination.
Integrated Capacitance Sensing for Miniature Artificial Muscle Actuators

The use of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles in surgical instruments is increasing due to their light weight, miniaturization potential, compliance and large actuation force. However, precise position and force control is still challenging due to the intrinsic muscle hysteresis. The present work proposes an easy-to-make integrated capacitance sensor for miniature artificial muscles by replacing two strands of the muscle braid with two conductive wires. By measuring the capacitance at high excitation frequency between both wires, the length of the muscle can be deduced. This new integrated sensor still allows the miniaturization of McKibben muscles. The miniature muscle with integrated capacitance sensing only loses 3% of its contraction length with regard to an original McKibben muscle. The sensor can predict the muscle length with a 0.31mm precision over 80% of the muscle total achievable contraction range in average.
An Estimation of Angular Coordinates and Angular Distance of Two Moving Objects by Using the Monopulse, MUSIC, and Root-MUSIC Methods

The paper presents results of extensive simulations carried out in order to assess the precision and angular resolution of subspace methods in real radar system. It has been assumed that such a system uses the 32-element uniform linear array (ULA) and radiates only 3 bursts consisting of 8 pulses in given direction. In order to avoid blind Doppler frequencies, pulse repetition interval (PRI) is different in each burst. It has been shown that change of PRI is not only necessary to avoid blind Doppler frequencies but also allows to avoid false values of angular coordinates when two objects are visible in the same beam, in the same range gate, and their echoes attain maximal values in the same Doppler filter. It has also been shown that precision and angular resolution of both MUSIC and root-MUSIC method can be improved by appropriate preprocessing of signal samples used by these methods.
Access Latency Reduction in the QUIC Protocol Based on Communication History

Internet traffic is experiencing rapid growth, with the majority of traffic generated from video steaming, web data services and Internet of Things. As these services include the transmission of small data, such as web pages, video chunks and sensing data, data latency affects the quality of experience rather than the throughput. Therefore, this study aims to decrease latency to improve the quality of the user experience. To this end, we measure the web service delay and throughput in mobile networks. The results indicate a low quality experience for mobile users, even though mobile networks support a large throughput. We therefore propose a light-weight latency reduction scheme for the Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) protocol. The proposed scheme calculates the average congestion window, which is utilized as the initial congestion window when a new connection is established. The proposed scheme is evaluated through experiments on a testbed. The results show that our scheme reduces latency significantly. The results of this study can help improve user experiences of video streaming and web data services.
A Hierarchical Power Grid Fault Diagnosis Method Using Multi-Source Information

The effective acquisition of multi-source information promotes the development of the multi-source information fusion-based methods for power grid fault diagnosis. These method have addressed the problem of low fault-tolerance for the fault diagnosis using switching information to a certain extent. However, the existing methods increase the complexity of fault diagnosis and weaken the applicability by centrally utilizing multi-source information. Given this background, an effort is made to present a hierarchical power grid fault diagnosis method using multi-source information, which takes into account the use of the switching and electrical information at different stages. The method adopts two layer diagnostic modes. In the first layer mode, the switching information is applied to analyze the proposed multi-objective analytic model. In the second layer mode, the electrical information is employed to construct the electrical criteria of suspicious faulty components, in order to solve the problem of multiple solutions faced by the first layer mode. The hierarchical diagnostic mode enhances the pertinence of fault diagnosis via calling multi-source information by layer, which can improve the accuracy and efficiency of fault diagnosis. Through the method tested under the assumed fault examples, the proposed approach has demonstrated its feasibility and effectiveness for the fault diagnosis application.
Treating personality disorder in community mental health teams: Commentary on... Use of psychotropic medication among psychiatric out-patients with personality disorder

Although personality disorders are prevalent conditions and the cause of considerable morbidity, their management remains controversial. The rationale for using psychotropic medication in these conditions is poorly articulated and its evidence base is weak. Nonetheless, psychiatrists continue to prescribe medication for this group as the accompanying paper makes clear. What is less clear is their reason for doing so, as there are frequent co-occurring conditions that might justify the use of medication in their own right. If the field is to progress, there is no substitute for well-designed randomised controlled trials and these ought to be a priority in the setting of any research agenda.
Trombosis del stent en la era moderna: incidencia, consecuencias y factores predictores

La trombosis del stent (TS) es una complicacion temida del intervencionismo coronario percutaneo por sus consecuencias catastroficas, cuya incidencia aproximada es del 1% y que puede ser mas frecuente en procedimientos realizados en pacientes/lesiones de alto riesgo o procedimientos multivaso. Analizamos la aparicion de TS en una poblacion de 404 pacientes consecutivos en un periodo en el que se utilizaron tanto stents recubiertos como stents convencionales, con una incidencia global del 2,23%, una mortalidad del 22,2% y una tasa de infarto agudo de miocardio no fatal del 66,6%. Los factores predictores de aparicion de TS fueron: indicacion por infarto agudo de miocardio, implante de multiples stents, peor fraccion de eyeccion, diametro de stent mas pequeno, presencia de diseccion residual y abandono precoz de clopidogrel.
Risk of hypoxia during flexible upper GI endoscopy in unsedated patients of a tertiary care public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Objectives: To measure the changes in oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry during flexible upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in unsedated patients. Methodology: This is an observational study conducted on 356 patients undergoing unsedated upper gastrointestinal Endoscopy, during April 2009 to January 2010. Complete demographic data, systemic history, smoking history, laboratory evaluation and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) were recorded in all patients. Patients with severe systemic disease (ASA-PS III–VI), those who needed emergency endoscopy and with anemia of hemoglobin <8gm/dl were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 356 patients 186 (52.2%) were male and 170 (47%.8) were female. All the patients tolerated the procedure well at the start and at the end and had no oxygen desaturation. At mid of the procedure 21 (5.9%) patients showed mild oxygen desaturation and 4 (1.1%) showed moderate oxygen desaturation while 331 (93%) showed no oxygen desaturation. No patient at any stage showed severe oxygen desaturation. Relationship of smoking, co-morbidity and clinical signs with mid procedure oxygen saturation is insignificant in both genders. Conclusion: It is concluded that mild to moderate hypoxia is some what common during therapeutic endoscopic procedure and of no serious consequence. However, severe hypoxia is not recorded in our study. The unsedated gastrointestinal endoscopy is a safe procedure for the diagnostic purpose, as it does not produce hypoxia during this; therefore pulse oximetry is not a precondition in patients undergoing unsedated diagnostic endoscopy without severe systemic disease. We recommend monitoring through pulse oximetry in patients with age greater than 45 years and procedure longer than 8 minutes.
STEP-NC compliant data model for freeform surface manufacturing based on T-spline

ABSTRACT STEP-NC is a new interface standard between CAD/CAM and CNC. Most of the studies focus on the 2.5D features machining using STEP-NC. However, freeform surface is widely used in the field of aerospace, automotive and dies/moulds. Beyond that, due to the drawbacks of NURBS that is the only representation for freeform surface in STEP, the research of STEP-NC for freeform surface is rare. In the paper, STEP-NC compliant data model is proposed for freeform surface manufacturing based on T-spline. We contribute three advantages: (1) a modified STEP data model is constructed that can represent and exchange arbitrary T-spline surface for STEP-NC-based manufacturing, (2) a general framework is proposed for evaluation of arbitrary T-spline surface that can be used for STEP-NC-based freeform surface evaluation, (3) a concept of Manufacturing-Suitable Region is proposed, which can divide T-spline surface into a set of regions for STEP-NC-based manufacturing. Some testing models show that the modified STEP data model is more efficient than the NURBS-based STEP data model for storage, and the feasibility to process arbitrary T-spline surface is verified using the general framework. In addition to this, a case study is researched to demonstrate the advantage of Manufacturing-Suitable Region for STEP-NC-based freeform surface manufacturing.
Çocuk ve ergenlerde 4. rapora dayal› kan bas›nc› ölçümü ve deerlendirmesi Measurement and assessment of blood pressure in children and adolescents regarding forth report

1 Ozet Cocuk ve ergenlerde hipertansiyon; "uygun yontem kullan›larak yap›lan uc ayr› olcumde sistolik ve/veya diyastolik kan bas›nc›n›n yafla, cinsiyete ve boya gore 95 persantilin uzerinde olmas›"d›r. Cocuk ve ergenlikte hipertansiyonun olas› prevalans› %2-5 ara- s›ndad›r. Eriflkinin kan bas›nc›n›n (KB) cocukluundaki KB deerle- ri ile iliflkili olduu gosterilmifltir. Cocuk ve ergenlerde KB deer- lendirmesi zordur. Olcme ve deerlendirme standart› olarak genel- likle, 2004 Ulusal Yuksek Kan Bas›nc› Eitim Program› Cal›flma Grubu'nun "Cocuk ve Ergenlerde Yuksek Kan Bas›nc› Tan›, Deer- lendirme ve Tedavi Uzerine Dorduncu Rapor"u kullan›lmaktad›r. Birinci basamak sal›k hizmeti verenler her yafltaki cocuk ve ergen- de duzenli KB olcumu yapmal›, ileride hipertansif olma riski izle- meli ve yaflam deifliklii dan›flmanl›¤› vermelidir. Anahtar sozcukler: Cocuk, ergen, kan bas›nc›, hipertansiyon. Summary Hypertension in childhood or adolescence is defined as average systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) over than the 95th percentile for gender, age, and height on 3 or more occasions with appropriate measurement technique. The estimated preva- lence of hypertension in childhood is between 2-5%. It has been shown that adulthood blood pressure levels correlate with child- hood blood pressure levels. It is difficult to assess blood pressure in children and adolescents. To measure and evaluate the blood pressure levels in these groups, guides of The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents are generally used. It seems that pri- mary health care teams will have to do periodic follow up regard- ing blood pressure levels in children and adolescents and will take active role especially in the management and life-style counseling in the pre-hypertensive group.
A Guide to DHF/DSS Management - The Singapore Experience

A guide to the medical management of dengue for reducing its case-fatality rate as exper ienced in Singapore is furnished. The mortality from dengue in Singapore is low and most cases recover uneventfully. However, complacency and under-estimation of the disease does occur. It is important to recognize the symptoms of severity and understand the patho -physiology that leads to dengue shock syndrome (DSS). A protocol giving indications of platelet transfusion will guide appropriate usage. Patients should be informed prior to platelet transfusion as to its possible dangers. In our experience, with good initial appropriate support in a stable patient, platelet transfusion is seldom needed till the platelets fall below 10,000/mm 3 . DSS is reversible if appropriately treated with fluids and plasma infusion to reverse the osmotic permeability gradient due to hypoalbumenaemia. Severe pulmonary oedema causes adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The lung effusions and hypotension must be differentiated from other causes of shock and pulmonary oedema. Correction of acid-base balance and internal bleeding if present, recognition and appropriate treatment of septicaemia and pneumonia, and avoiding fluid overload usually result in recovery. Nosocomial and mycoplasma pneumonias, not uncommonly, complicate severe ARDS. Fatalities are often from these unrecognized infections.
Utilization of Underbuilt Shield Wires to Improve the Lightning Performance of Overhead Distribution Lines Hit by Direct Strokes

The improvement of the lightning performance of overhead distribution lines, hit by direct strokes, is investigated considering the use of additional shield wires beneath the phase conductors. The frequency-domain theory of multiconductor transmission lines with periodical grounding is adopted permitting a rigorous evaluation of the phase and shield wire currents and of the overvoltages across insulators. These can be minimized by careful positioning of the underbuilt shield wires. A sensitivity analysis on the overvoltages is conducted by varying either the position of the underbuilt shield wires and the grounding impedance.
Electronic transformer performance evaluation and its impact on PMU

The electronic transformer of smart substations, which transfers primary signals, is important for measurements and controls. In this study, the transformation characteristics of a Rogowski electronic current transformer (ECT) are analysed theoretically. Then, experimental platforms are established to verify the analysis and study the impact of the transformation characteristics of the ECT and an electronic voltage transformer (EVT) on a phasor measurement unit (PMU) using standard test signals. The analysis and the testing results show that this ECT can transfer the phasor well under both steady and dynamic conditions. However, the harmonics introduced by the ECT may lead to the measurement errors of frequency and the rate of the change of the frequency (ROCOF) from the PMU. Therefore, a phasor algorithm with powerful DC offset and harmonics immunity is suggested for PMUs connected to the output of this type of ECT. For the EVT, the ROCOF measurements are easily affected as well. The EVT was also shown to be more sensitive to temperature than the potential transformer (PT).