Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frameshift suppression Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Genetic properties of group II suppressors.

Suppressors of ICR-induced mutations that exhibit behavior similar to bacterial frameshift suppressors have been identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast suppressors have been divided into two groups. One of these groups (Group II: SUF1, SUF3, SUF4, SUF5 and SUF6) appears to include a set of informational suppressors in which the vehicle of suppression is glycyl-tRNA. Some of the genetic properties of Group II suppressors are described in this communication. --Corevertants of the Group II frameshift mutations his4-519 and leu2-3 have been characterized to determine the spectrum of reversion events induced by the frameshift mutagen ICR-170. Seventy-three ICR-induced corevertants were analyzed. With the exception of one cerevertant, which carried an allele of SUF1, all carried alleles of SUF3 or SUF5. SUF1, SUF3, SUF4 and SUF6 were represented among spontaneous and UV-induced corevertants. In the course of these experiments one of the suppressors was mapped. SUF5, the probable structural gene for tRNAGLY1, is located between ade2 and ade9 on chromosome XV. --SUF1, SUF4 and SUF6 have novel properties and comprise a distinct subset of suppressors. Although these suppressors show no genetic linkage to each other, they share several common features including lethality in haploid pairwise combinations, reduced tRNAGLY3 isoacceptor activity and increased efficiency of suppression in strains carrying the cytoplasmically inherited [PSI] element. In addition, strains carrying SUF1, SUF4 or SUF6 are phenotypically unstable and give rise to mitotic Suf+ segments at high frequency. These segregants invariably contain a linked, second-site mutation that maps in or adjacent to the suppressor gene itself. Strains carrying any of these suppressors also give rise to mitotic segregants that exhibit enhanced efficiency of suppression; mutations responsible for this phenotype map at two loci, upf1 and upf2. These genes show no genetic linkage to any of the group II suppressors. --Methods that permit positive selection have been devised in order to examine large numbers of variants. The importance of these interacting mutants is underscored by their potential utility in studying suppressor function at the molecular level.
Risk factors for primary dysfunction after liver transplantation--a multivariate analysis.

In a retrospective analysis on 323 orthotopic liver transplant procedures performed between July 1984 and October 1991 the incidence of two forms of primary dysfunction (PDF) of the liver: primary nonfunction (PNF), and initial poor function (IPF) were studied. The incidence of PDF was 22% (73/323) with 6% PNF (20/323) and 16% IPF (53/323), while 78% (250/323) had immediate function (IF). Occurrence of both IPF and PNF resulted in a higher graft failure rate (P < 0.001), retransplantation rate (P < 0.001), and patient mortality (P < 0.003) within the first three months after OLTx. Univariate analyses of donor and recipient factors and their influence on PDF demonstrated that longer donor hospitalization (> 3 days), older donor age (> 49 years), extended preservation times (> 18 hr), and fatty changes in the donor liver biopsy, as well as reduced-size livers, younger recipient age, and renal insufficiency prior to OLTx, significantly affected the incidence of IPF and PNF. Multivariate analysis of potential risk factors showed that reduced-size liver (P = 0.0001), fatty changes on donor liver biopsy (P = 0.001), older donor age (P = 0.009), retransplantation (P = 0.01), renal insufficiency (P = 0.02), and prolonged cold ischemia times (P = 0.02) were independently associated with a higher incidence of IPF and PNF. No statistical correlation was found between PDF and etiology of ESLD, nutritional status of the recipient, UNOS status, and Child-Pugh classification in this study. We conclude that PNF and IPF are both separate clinical entities that have a significant effect on outcome after OLTx. Routine donor liver biopsies are recommended to decrease the rate of IPF and PNF. The combination of risk factors shown to be significant for PDF should be avoided--and, if that is not possible, the only variable that can be controlled, the preservation time, should be kept as short as possible.
In vivo evidence of CHIP up‐regulation attenuating tau aggregation

The carboxyl terminus of heat‐shock cognate (Hsc)70‐interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that can collaborate with molecular chaperones to facilitate protein folding and prevent protein aggregation. Previous studies showed that, together with heat‐shock protein (Hsp)70, CHIP can regulate tau ubiquitination and degradation in a cell culture system. Ubiquitinated tau is one component in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are a major histopathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise sequence of events leading to NFT formation and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To confirm CHIP's role in suppressing NFT formation in vivo, we performed a quantitative analysis of CHIP in human and mouse brains. We found increased levels of CHIP and Hsp70 in AD compared with normal controls. CHIP levels in both AD and controls corresponded directly to Hsp90 levels, but not to Hsp70 or Hsc70 levels. In AD samples, CHIP was inversely proportional to sarkosyl‐insoluble tau accumulation. In a JNPL3 mouse brain tauopathy model, CHIP was widely distributed but weakly expressed in spinal cord, which was the most prominent region for tau inclusions and neuronal loss. Protein levels of CHIP in cerebellar regions of JNPL3 mice were significantly higher than in non‐transgenic littermates. Human tau was more highly expressed in this region of mouse brains, but only moderate levels of sarkosyl‐insoluble tau were detected. This was confirmed when increased insoluble tau accumulation was found in mice lacking CHIP. These findings suggest that increases in CHIP may protect against NFT formation in the early stages of AD. If confirmed, this would indicate that the quality‐control machinery in a neuron might play an important role in retarding the pathogenesis of tauopathies.
Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: relevance to toxicity and carcinogenesis

Introduction: Bioaccessibility is a growing area of research in the field of risk assessment. As polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, they are the toxicants of focus to establish cancer risks in humans. Orally ingested PAHs also cause toxicity and even affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of some therapeutic agents. Toward this end, bioaccessibility is being used as a tool to assess the risk of PAHs via dietary exposures. Areas covered: This review covers some in vitro bioaccessibility models for PAHs that have been used for the past one-and-a-half decade. This review also considers the factors that influence bioaccessibility and debates the merits and limitations of using a bioaccessibility concept for estimating risk from ingestion of PAH-contaminated soil and food. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of bioaccessibility for PAH-induced toxicity and cancers in the context of risk assessment. Expert opinion: So far, much of the focus on PAH bioaccessibility is centered on soil as a preferential matrix. However, ingestion of PAHs through diet far exceeds the amount accidentally ingested through soil. Therefore, bioaccessibility could be exploited as a tool to assess the relative risk of various dietary ingredients tainted with PAHs. While bioaccessibility is a promising approach for assessing PAH risk arising from various types of contaminated soils, none of the models proposed appears to be valid. Bioaccessibility values, derived from in vitro studies, still require validation from in vivo studies.
An efficient method of intention understanding and learning for the ambiguous expressions of sentence end

In recent years, the usage of Internet and mobile phone has increased explosively and individuals have many more opportunities to send out information over these networks. Considering this media, the styles of writing tend to be more colloquial, where users commonly utilise peculiar expressions such as emoticons, pictograms, three-point leaders and 'taigen-dome' (a Japanese method that ends a sentence with a noun). Although these expressions do not clearly indicate the intentions of the writers, they would be very useful when we understand the intentions and emotions hidden within sentences. And we can use these expressions for recognising emotions efficiently. By focusing on Japanese versions of emoticons and three-point leaders, this paper proposes a method to presume the writers' intentions using the rules extracted from corpora built from data on the Internet. The evaluation tests conducted have produced excellent results for both emoticons and three-point leaders. We also mention reasons of the experimental errors of the rules for emoticons and describe the aspect of the rules for three-point-leaders such as limiting the meaning.
Bloodstream form trypanosome plasma membrane proteins: antigenic variation and invariant antigens

SUMMARY Trypanosoma brucei is exposed to the adaptive immune system and complement in the blood of its mammalian hosts. The aim of this review is to analyse the role and regulation of the proteins present on the external face of the plasma membrane in the long-term persistence of an infection and transmission. In particular, the following are addressed: (1) antigenic variation of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), (2) the formation of an effective VSG barrier shielding invariant surface proteins, and (3) the rapid uptake of VSG antibody complexes combined with degradation of the immunoglobulin and recycling of the VSG.
Dual Functions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM as Protection Against Rotavirus Diarrhea

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the dose effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) NCFM strain on rotavirus-specific antibody and B-cell responses in gnotobiotic pigs vaccinated with an oral attenuated human rotavirus (AttHRV). Methods: Pigs were inoculated with AttHRV vaccine in conjunction with high-dose LA (14 doses, total 2.2 × 109 colony-forming units [CFU]), intermediate-dose LA (MidLA) (9 doses, total 3.2 × 106 CFU), low-dose LA (LoLA) (5 doses, total 2.1 × 106 CFU), or without LA feeding. Protection against rotavirus shedding and diarrhea was assessed upon challenge with a virulent HRV. Rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies in serum and rotavirus-specific IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and memory B cells in ileum, spleen, and blood of the pigs were measured and compared among treatment groups. Results: The MidLA, but not high-dose LA or LoLA, significantly reduced rotavirus diarrhea (MidLA-only group) and significantly improved the protection conferred by AttHRV vaccine (MidLA + AttHRV group). Associated with the increased protection, MidLA significantly enhanced rotavirus-specific antibody, ASCs, and memory B-cell responses to AttHRV vaccine. High-dose LA or LoLA did not enhance virus-specific antibody and ASC responses, and hence did not improve the vaccine efficacy. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of dose selection and indicate that certain specific lactobacilli strains at the appropriate dose have the dual function of reducing rotavirus diarrhea and enhancing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rotavirus vaccines.
Radio Link Budgets for UHF RFID on Multipath Environments

Radio frequency identification (RFID) applications are growing rapidly, especially in the UHF frequency band, which is being used in inventory management. Passive UHF tags are preferred for this application. However, the read range is often overestimated using free space calculations. This paper presents a method to estimate the read range in multipath environments. Other effects with a direct impact on read range as the effect of materials on tag performance are also addressed. Using the proposed model and the ray trace method a RFID system simulator is presented.
Mechanism of the Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition and Its Relationship with Metastatic Tumor Formation

Cancer metastasis consists of a sequential series of events, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) are recognized as critical events for metastasis of carcinomas. A current area of focus is the histopathological similarity between primary and metastatic tumors, and MET at sites of metastases has been postulated to be part of the process of metastatic tumor formation. Here, we summarize accumulating evidence from experimental studies that directly supports the role of MET in cancer metastasis, and we analyze the main mechanisms that regulate MET or reverse EMT in carcinomas. Given the critical role of MET in metastatic tumor formation, the potential to effectively target the MET process at sites of metastasis offers new hope for inhibiting metastatic tumor formation. Mol Cancer Res; 9(12); 1608–20. ©2011 AACR.
What is the significance of ceroid in human atherosclerosis?

This review of the significance of ceroid within the atherosclerotic intima proposes that the macrophages have a central role to play in its production. Ceroid is more than merely an "age pigment. " It marks the site of previous oxidative events, possibly including the release of biologically active or toxic, soluble oxidized molecules. This being so, this activity of macrophages may have a significant role in the progression of the lesions. The interactions of macrophages and oxidizable unsaturated lipids therefore merit further investigation.
Aesthetic Judgments of Novel Graphic Patterns: Analyses of Individual Judgments

Aesthetic judgments were investigated using a combined nomothetic and idiographic approach. Participants judged novel graphic patterns with respect to their own personal definitions of “beauty” Judgment analysis was employed to derive individual case models of judgment strategies as well as a group model. As predicted, symmetry had the highest correlations with aesthetic judgments of beauty. Stimulus complexity was the second-highest correlate of a positive evaluation. Thus, there was agreement at the group level. The judgment analyses, however, indicated substantial individual differences. These included use of symmetry or complexity cues that were contrary to the main group use, e.g., a few participants considered nonsymmetric patterns more beautiful. These findings suggest that exclusive consideration of the group model would have leveled the individual differences and been misleading. The group model is significant; however, the individual judgment analyses represent individual patterns of judgment in a notedly more accurate way.
World Rabies Research Output: A Scientometric Assessment of Publication Output during 2006-15

The paper examines 7818 world publications on global rabies research, as indexed in Scopus database covering the period 1999-2014. The global rabies research increased by 5.87% per annum and its citation impact averaged to 14.27 citations per paper. Top 15 most productive countries continued to dominate world rabies research through 1999-2014 both in terms of quality and quantity of research. Together they accounted for as much as 83.82% share of world total output during 1999-2014. Twelve of these top countries scored relative citation index (RCI) above the world average of 1: USA (1.74), U.K. (1.70), France (1.66), Switzerland (1.62), Germany and Netherlands (1.50 each), Australia (1.44), Japan (1.39), Thailand (1.35), Canada (1.31), South Africa (1.24) and Italy (1.08) during 19992014. Being a multidisciplinary topic, world rabies research is widely scattered across several disciplines. Medicine contributed the largest share 54.80%, followed by 7 other disciplines. The top 20 most productive organizations and authors engaged on rabies research respectively accounted for 40.94% and 21.42% share of publications output and 39.62% and 34.90% share of world citations during 1999-14. The world rabies research output is highly scattered across journals. Top 20 most productive journals barely accounted for 24.06% share of global rabies research. Less than 2 per cent of global rabies research papers (148) received 100 plus citations, cumulated 29160 citations, with an average of 197.03 citations per paper. These 148 highly cited papers involved the participation of 1003 authors and 502 organizations and were published in 85 journals. The USA contributed the largest number of highly cited papers (89), followed by U.K. (32), France (20), Germany (11), Canada, Australia and Belgium (7 each), Thailand and Switzerland (6 each), Japan (5), Kenya (4), South Africa, Russia Federation and Tanzania (3 each), etc. For India, rabies research is not a top priority.
Cancer cell-expressed immunoglobulins: CA215 as a pan cancer marker and its diagnostic applications.

BACKGROUND RP215 was the first generated monoclonal antibody which recognizes specifically carbohydrate-associated epitope(s) localized in the variable region of the cancer cell-expressed immunoglobulin heavy chains, designated in general as CA215. Clinical evaluations were performed to assess if RP215 can be utilized in immunoassays to determine serum levels of CA215 among ovarian or cervical cancer patients for monitoring purposes. METHODS By using immunoassays, serum CA215 levels were determined from cervical or ovarian cancer patients and evaluated based on their respective clinical stages as well as the conditions of clinical treatments. RESULTS Multi-center clinical trials were performed with frozen serum specimens of patients with ovarian or clinical cancers to determine the efficacy of RP215-based immunoassays. In the case of ovarian cancer, CA215 immunoassay kit has a sensitivity of 46-68% as compared to 46-70% for that of the corresponding CA125 kit. When both markers were combined for simultaneous monitoring of cancer patients, the sensitivity could be as high as 72-87%. Further analysis revealed that serum CA215 levels among cancer patients are well correlated with stages of tumor progression as well as surgical or radio/chemo treatments. CONCLUSIONS The results of these multi-center clinical studies suggest that CA215 is a suitable pan cancer marker for the monitoring of ovarian/cervical cancers and maybe of several others which express CA215 and can be detected in human circulations.
Does HLA-B27 Status Influence Ankylosing Spondylitis Phenotype?

The association of HLA-B27 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains as one of the intriguing models that could exist between a molecule and human disease in medicine. Although it was reported in 1973, its contribution to AS and related spondyloarthritis continues to be a major challenge for scientific community. It is important to understand its etiopathogenic mechanism and its functions in these diseases. Although the diagnostic and prognostic roles of HLA-B27 in AS are still debated, there is an increasing interest for HLA-B27–based effects especially in HLA-B27(+) patients with AS. This review will focus in the examination of published reports regarding the influence of HLA-B27 status on the demographic and clinical features in AS, with specific interest to its role on AS severity.
Increased Adhesiveness in Cultured Endometrial-Derived Cells Is Related to the Absence of Moesin Expression1

Abstract Human endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) are nonadhesive for embryos throughout most of the menstrual cycle. During the so-called implantation window, the apical plasma membrane of EECs acquire adhesive properties by undergoing a series of morphological and biochemical changes. The human endometrial-derived epithelial cell line, RL95-2, serves as an in vitro model for receptive uterine epithelium because of its high adhesiveness for trophoblast-derived cells. In contrast, the HEC-1-A cell line, which displays poor adhesive properties for trophoblast cells, is considered to be less receptive. The ezrin, radixin, and moesin protein family members, which are present underneath the apical plasma membrane, potentially act to link the cytoskeleton and membrane proteins. In the present study, we have further investigated the adhesive features in these two unrelated endometrial-derived cell lines using an established in vitro model for embryonic adhesion. We have also analyzed the protein pattern and mRNA expression of ezrin and moesin in RL95-2 cells versus HEC-1-A cells. The results demonstrate that RL95-2 cells were indeed more receptive (81% blastocyst adhesion) compared with HEC-1-A cells (46% blastocyst adhesion). An intermediate adhesion rate was found in primary EECs cultured on extracellular matrix gel, thus allowing a partial polarization of these cells (67% blastocyst adhesion). Furthermore, we found that moesin was absent from RL95-2 cells. In contrast, ezrin is expressed in both cell lines, yet it is reduced in adherent RL95-2 cells. Data are in agreement with the hypothesis that uterine receptivity requires down-regulation or absence of moesin, which is a less-polarized actin cytoskeleton.
Categorization of SWC technologies and approaches – a global need?

Within the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) program, local achievements in improved soil and water management are documented and exchanged in order to make better use of existing knowledge. To facilitate the sharing of knowledge, common “tools” and a common “language” are required. Consistent terms for soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies and approaches are not used. In fact, no globally approved or endorsed system exists for categorization or terminology. A common categorizing system would help to group SWC technologies and approaches. Given the fact that on one hand there are so many different terms for similar SWC technologies and approaches, yet on the other hand similar names can conceal important differences. There is an urgent need to come up with a commonly accepted system that can be used in different environments, but one that still has some flexibility to be adapted to specific needs and conditions in the different regions of the world.
Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Neoplasm in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasm in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods Between January 1994 and December 2011, the results of endoscopic resection of 17 lesions in 15 consecutive patients who had previously undergone SOT at Asan Medical Center were retrospectively evaluated. We compared clinical outcomes of this group with 1:5 matched non-SOT patients treated by endoscopic resection. Results Of the 6,491 patients who underwent SOT during the study periods, 30 patients (0.46%) with 31 lesions were diagnosed with gastric cancer, and eight patients (0.12%) with nine lesions were diagnosed with gastric adenoma. Among them, 15 patients with 17 lesions were treated by endoscopic resection, and 19 patients with 20 lesions have undergone gastrectomy. In endoscopically resected SOT group, the median duration between transplantation and endoscopic treatment was 41 months (range, 5–196 months). En bloc and complete resection were achieved in 13 (76.5%) and 15 (88.2%) lesions. Four lesions (23.5%) experienced bleeding, which was successfully managed endoscopically. When compared with post-endoscopic resection bleeding rate of non-SOT group (5.9%, [5/85]), there was no significant difference in multivariable analysis (P=0.083). Conclusions In endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasm of SOT recipients, only manageable complications were noted in some patients, and graft dysfunctions or perforations did not occur. To avoid surgical resection with its associated perioperative mortality and morbidity, endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasm in SOT recipients is recommended as a feasible treatment with high efficacy and safety.