Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UGT85A53 promotes flowering via mediating abscisic acid glucosylation and FLC transcript in Camellia sinensis.

Uridine-diphosphate dependent glycosyltransferases catalyse the glycosylation of small molecules and play an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis and regulating plant development. Glycosyltransferases are widely distributed, but their biological roles in regulating plant growth and development are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a UDP-glycosyltransferase CsUGT85A53 from Camellia sinensis, whose expression is strongly induced by various abiotic stress factors and its protein product distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Ectopically over-expression of CsUGT85A53 in Arabidopsis resulted in an early flowering phenotype under both long-day and short-day conditions. The transcript accumulation of the flowering repressor genes FLC and ABI5, an activator of FLC in ABA-regulated flowering signaling, are all significantly repressed in transgenic Arabidopsis compared with wild-type plants. The decreased expression level of FLC gene might be associated with its increased DNA methylation level in CsUGT85A53-OE plants. Biochemical analyses show that CsUGT85A53 could glucosylate ABA to form inactive ABA-glycoside in vitro and in planta. Over-expression of CsUGT85A53 in Arabidopsis resulted in a decreased level of free ABA and increased level of ABA-glucoside. The early flowering phenotype in the CsUGT85A53-OE transgenic lines were restored due to ABA application. Further, CsUGT85A53 overexpressed plants displayed ABA-insensitive phenotype with higher germination rates compared with control in the presence of lower concentrations of exogenous ABA. Our findings revealed the first UGT in tea plants catalyzing ABA glucosylation and enhancing flowering transition as a positive regulator.
Unveiling the Effect of Mean and Volatility Spillover between the United States Economic Policy Uncertainty and WTI Crude Oil Price

Grounded in the Granger causality test, vector autoregression (VAR) model, and BEKK-GARCH model, our current study aims to examine the effect of mean and volatility spillover between the United States (US) economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price. Using the US EPU monthly index and WTI spot price data from 1996 to 2019, we revealed that there is a one-way Granger causality link between the US EPU and spot price of WTI crude oil. The VAR model not only illustrated that there is a mean spillover effect between WTI oil price and US EPU, but they will also be affected by its memory, as well as the other’s past. At the same time, it also pointed out that this correlation has positive and negative directions. The BEKK-GARCH model test yielded similar conclusions to the VAR model and, importantly, proved a two-way volatility spillover effect between the US EPU and WTI spot price fluctuations. In conclusion, US economic policy has a substantial influence on the variation of global crude oil prices, as an essential strategic reserve resource and will also influence the government’s economic policy formulation. Understanding the association between WTI crude oil price and policy uncertainty not only helps investors to manage assets allocations and mitigate losses but also guides US policymakers to adjust the energy structure for economic sustainability.
Behavioural circadian rhythms : a novel approach to monitor sheep in extensive systems and study the differences between beef steers for methane emission, feed efficiency and growth

Sensor-based technologies are becoming increasingly available and can be used to gather detailed information about animal activity. With this information it is possible to assess the animal activity circadian rhythm and monitor its response. Identifying breakdowns of this rhythm has the potential to detect health problems and animal welfare issues. The aim of this study was to identify the natural changes due to environment influences that act on this rhythm throughout the year, as well as, disturbing factors; and links between this rhythm and sheep performance. Scottish Blackface ewes of different ages and body condition scores were used. The animals were monitored for four consecutive weeks in
Farklı Denizlerden Avlanan Hamsilerin (Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus 1758) Mineral Madde İçeriği ve Ağır Metal Kontaminasyonu

Objective of this study was to determine the mineral and heavy metal contents of anchovy caught from 3 different regions, namely the Black Sea (Sinop-Samsun coast), Sea of Marmara (İstanbul coast) and the Aegean Sea (İzmir coast). Mineral material and heavy metal contamination levels in anchovy were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The average Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb content of the anchovies caught from the Aegean Sea, Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea respectively; 911.04, 975.24, 1181.87; 403.85, 420.45, 509.44; 265.55, 3534.09, 4274.65; 1056.81, 978.26, 1265. ,53; 0. ,57, 1.39, 1.55; 13.062, 10.29, 17.93; 0.88, 0.77, 1.31; 20.03, 15.79, 30.72; 0.63, 0.16, 0.14 and <0.00, 0.03, 0.10 mg kg-1. Overall, Zn, Fe, As, Rb, and Cd content of the fish caught from different seas were different from each other (p<0.05). When the heavy metal data obtained were analyzed in general, it was determined that the anchovy caught from the Aegean Sea were not objectionable in terms of health, except for the Hg content. Research Article Article History Received : 22.05. 2020 Accepted : 17.08. 2020
Entrepreneurial Models of Inclusive Civil Culture: The Case of Zapopan Agro Ecological Park

This research aims to analyze the model of entrepreneurial inclusive civic culture created and developed in the Zapopan Agro-Ecological Park (PAZ). Based on the need to rescue vacant urban land use with the participation of residents residing in the surrounding colonies, social movements, civil society, and local government, they have designed and implemented actions to create PAZ (PEACE). The Zapopan Agro-Ecological Park is an area of green innovation where in addition to the cultivation of vegetables, vegetables, medicinal plants, and decoration under relations of cooperation, trust and community support, the formation of social capital that sustains a culture of peace based on environmental sustainability activities. The results of the implementation of this project, born from bottom of the social and power structures, constitute a significant experience in the regeneration of public spaces and green areas that provides greater economic efficiency in terms of family income, a greater relevance of equity, inclusion and social justice and improvement of environmental sustainability. It is concluded that Zapopan Agro ecological Park is a model of entrepreneurial inclusive civil culture. This park marks a milestone in the regeneration of public spaces with a project of social and environmental relevance.
Variable motion event encoding within languages and language types: a usage-based perspective

Abstract Speakers of the world’s languages differ in the ways they talk about directed motion. Speakers of satellite-framed languages (S-languages; e.g., English) typically conflate Path and Manner in a single clause (e.g., run out), whereas speakers of verb-framed languages (V-languages; e.g., Spanish) tend to convey Path and Manner in two different clauses (e.g., salir corriendo ‘exit running’). Herein, we ask whether speakers also show systematic variability within particular languages and language types in their directed motion descriptions. We examine this question by comparing oral narratives of adult native speakers of one V-language (Spanish) and two S-languages (German, Polish) (N = 15), where each subject provided a simultaneous description of an ongoing animated video depicting self- (e.g., jump into the river) and caused-motion (e.g., throw a stone into the river) events. Our results showed strong evidence for both intra-typological and language-internal variability, especially in the extent to which the Manner component is encoded. Overall, the locus of Path encoding (e.g., verb, prefix, particle) and the conceptual structure of motion events (i.e., self-motion, caused-motion) were two key factors that influenced the speakers’ choice of lexicalization pattern. We discuss the implications of our findings, which (i) suggest a more nuanced typology of motion events that expands the binary distinction between V- vs. S-languages – in line with earlier work on intra-typological variability, and (ii) highlight the relevance of such a nuanced typology for motion cognition.
Introducing the Social Media Literacy (SMILE) model with the case of the positivity bias on social media

ABSTRACT Although current literature has extensively discussed media literacy processes, few theories exist explaining the role of social media literacy. Social media are used daily by a substantial number of young people and may exert an important influence on its users’ well-beings. Considering media literacy, media effects, social psychology, interpersonal communication and educational literature, a novel theoretical framework called the Social Media Literacy (SMILE) model is introduced. This framework was formulated to explain (1) how to conceptualize social media literacy, (2) how social media literacy can change the dynamics between social media and its users and (3) how participatory mediation processes result into social media literacy. The SMILE-model is illustrated against the background of the social media positivity bias. Ultimately, the newly developed guiding framework aims to stimulate more theory-driven research into the scholarly understanding of social media literacy in well-being. Such insights may especially be useful for research in the field of children, adolescents and the media.
Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO2 emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?

Although urban agglomerations have introduced substantial contributions to the economies around the globe, it has also led to the serious environmental challenges. However, this situation may vary across the development levels. The existing knowledge offers a gap in terms of both theoretical and empirical grounds. The Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) is previously not known to incorporate land agglomeration and the intensity of energy use. Besides, the investigation of linkages among the variables of interest across the development levels within a country is not known to be considered by the existing knowledge. This study systematically investigates the heterogeneous dynamic causality among the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), and economic progress across the development levels in the Chinese economy, considering 29 provinces for the period 2000 to 2018. To this end, a long-term co-integration association is tested and found existent among the variables of interest. A dynamic common correlated effects mean group approach is applied for impact analysis. The key findings include: The impacts of economic progress and land agglomeration on CO2 are found positive and significant in the country panel and western zone of China (WZC). It turned to be neutral in the case of the central zone of China (CZC) and significantly negative in the eastern zone of China (EZC). To this end, economic progress presented a ‘development ladder-based CO2 mitigation effect,’ while the land agglomeration exposed the ‘land agglomeration ladder-based CO2 mitigation effect’. Further, the causalities extracted are: first, economic progress is found in positive bilateral linkages with the intensity of energy use and land agglomeration for all the panels. Second, a positive and unilateral causal bridge is found operating from land agglomeration to the intensity of energy use and from the intensity of energy use to CO2. Third, a unilateral linkage of mixed nature is exposed to exist from land agglomeration to CO2, with positive causal links for country panel and WZC, negative causal links for EZC, while a neutral linkage is found for CZC. Fourth, a bidirectional link with mixed causalities appeared in the country panel and WZC. Economic progress increased CO2 in WZC. Next, a negative bilateral link is observed between the two variables in EZC. Additionally, this link remained neutral in CZC. Based on empirics, it is revealed that the development level matters in determining the links among the variables of interest.
The Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Usnic Acid on Prostate Cancer versus Normal Cells

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common epithelium-derived solid tissue cancer in males in developed countries. Lichen seconder metabolites have an important potential as new generation chemotherapeutics. Therefore, we evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of a lichen seconder metabolite, usnic acid (UA), on androgen receptor-positive PC cells (LNCaP) and also prostate normal cell line (RWPE-1) using WST-1 proliferation assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, and annexin V analysis. The viability of LNCaP cells was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) after exposure to increasing concentrations of UA (6.25–150 µM). The LNCaP cell viability decreased to 34.14%, whereas RWPE-1 viability ratio was 109.79% at 150 µM UA for 48 h. UA induced especially early apoptosis in LNCaP cells and total apoptotic cell ratio was 69.01% at 150 µM for 48 h. Apoptotic morphology was also detected with AO/EB in LNCaP cells but not in RWPE-1 cells. Consequently, UA displayed more cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on PC cells than prostate normal cells. Thus, we suggest that UA might be one of the important lichen metabolites in further investigations for prostate cancer therapy.
Stochastic Modelling and Simulation of SIR Model for COVID-2019 Epidemic Outbreak in India

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China, at the end of December 2019. As of July 26, 2020, 16258353 COVID-19 cases were confirmed worldwide, including 649848 deaths. The spread of COVID-19 is currently very high. Under the classical SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model, epidemiological data for India up to 26th July 2020 were used to forecast the COVID-19 outbreak. For controlling the spreading of the virus, we have to prepare for precaution and futuristic calculation for infection spreading. We used the data from the COVID-2019 Outbreak of India on July 26th, 2020 in this report. In these results, for the initial level of experimental intent, we used 16291331 susceptible cases, 481248 infectious cases, and 910298 rewards / removed cases. Through the aid of the SIR model, data on a wide range of infectious diseases have been analyzed. SIR model is one of the most effective models which can predict the spreading rate of the virus. We have validated the model with the current spreading rate with this SIR model. The findings of the SIR model can be used to forecast transmission and avoid the outbreak of COVID-2019 in India. The results of the study will shed light on understanding the outbreak patterns and indicate those regions' epidemiological points. Finally, from this study, we have found that the outbreak of the COVID-2019 epidemic in India will be at its peak on 09 August 2020 and after that, it will work slowly and on the verge of ending in the second or third week of November 2020.
Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) predation on a coastal perch (Perca fluviatilis) population: estimated effects based on PIT tag mark-recapture experiment

The number of cormorants has rapidly increased in the northernmost Baltic Sea. In 2018, 50 km × 50 km ICES catch rectangle 55H1 had 3140 breeding pairs. To estimate the predation effect of cormorants on perch populations, we Passive Integrated Tags tagged 1977 perch and 9.9% of tags were found. The median instantaneous cormorant-induced mortality during the breeding time, with consumption by non-breeding individuals, was estimated at 0.23 and at 0.35 during the whole residing period. We estimated with a yeild-per-recruit model that the long-term maximum loss of perch yield of tagged sub-population would be at 80% probability interval 32–67%, and when extended to the entire 55H1, 10–33%, respectively. The cormorants’ share of the >2-year-old perch biomass and production would be 8%, while that of other natural mortality would be 63% and that of fishing 29% in 55H1. The yield-per-recruit-results should be interpreted as an estimate of maximum cormorant effect because the dependence of predation rate on prey density was not accounted for, and density-dependence of growth, mortality, and reproduction of perch could partly compensate the loss. The results indicate that high density of cormorants can reduce the perch stocks and catches locally.
Regulation and remodeling of intermediate metabolite and membrane lipid during NaCl‐induced stress in freshwater microalga Micractinium sp. XJ‐2 for biofuel production

Microalgae can accumulate a large fraction of reduced carbon as lipids under NaCl stress. This study investigated the mechanism of carbon allocation and reduction and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in microalgae under NaCl‐induced stress. Micractinium sp. XJ‐2 was exposed to NaCl stress and cells were subjected to physiological, biochemical, and metabolic analyses to elucidate the stress‐responsive mechanism. Lipid increased with NaCl concentration after 0‐12 hr, then stabilized after 12–48 hr, and finally decreased after 48–72 hr, whereas TAG increased (0–48 hr) and then decreased (48–72 hr). Under NaCl‐induced stress at lower concentrations, TAG accumulation, at first, mainly shown to rely on the carbon fixation through photosynthetic fixation, carbohydrate degradation, and membrane lipids remodeling. Moreover, carbon compounds generated by the degradation of some amino acids were reallocated and enhanced fatty acid synthesis. The remodeling of the membrane lipids of NaCl‐induced microalgae relied on the following processes: (a) Increase in the amount of phospholipids and reduction in the amount of glycolipids and (b) extension of long‐chain fatty acids. This study enhances our understanding of TAG production under NaCl stress and thus will provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of NaCl‐induced in the microalgal biodiesel industry.
The effect of psychological resilience on functional outcomes in post-operative hip fracture patients in a Singapore community hospital

Background: In Singapore, the number of hip fractures per year is projected to increase from 2500 to 9000 by 2050. Psychological factors are increasingly recognised as important predictors of healthy aging. While there are a growing number of studies examining resilience in different populations, there is a paucity of literature examining psychological resilience in individuals with hip fractures. Objectives: We aim to identify the association between high psychological resilience and improved functional outcomes in post-operative hip fracture patients in a Singapore Community Hospital, defined by a Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) score of 62 and above. Methods: We conducted a pilot prospective cohort study in Bright Vision Community Hospital in Singapore. Post-operative elderly hip fracture patients were invited to participate in the study. Psychological resilience scores were measured on Day 1 of admission using CD-RISC 25. Functional outcomes were then tracked weekly for 21 days while participants underwent rehabilitation using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results: High psychological resilience was found in 52.40% of the post-operative hip fracture participants in this study. Of those participants with high psychological resilience, 55% achieved functional independence (n = 11), compared with 47.47% of participants with low psychological resilience (n = 9) – although this result did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion: One in two post-operative hip fracture patients had high psychological resilience, and our study suggests that patients with high psychological resilience can possibly achieve higher gains in functional scores and achieve functional independence.
Bulbar Regulation of Contractile Function of the Bottom and Tubes of the Uterus

Aim of the Study: The goal is to identify the role of the bulbar departments of the cholinergic system in regulating contractions of the uterine floor and its tubes. Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted on 10 chinchilla rabbits, females weighing 3.5 4 kg. In sparing conditions of group 1 animals (n = 5), the peripheral segment of the right vagus nerve was stimulated at the C5-C6 level, and an electromyogram (EMG) of the smooth muscles of the uterine floor and the proximal part of the right fallopian tube was recorded. The nature of cholinergic innervation of the organ was determined by introducing toluidine blue into the peripheral part of the trunk of both vagus nerves, followed by morphological examination of biopsies. Results: We found that intramural ganglia were stained, i.e., their synaptic contacts with preganglionic cholinergic fibers were present. The existence of cholinergic innervation from the bulbar part of the parasympathetic nervous system was shown for the first time on the example of the uterine floor of rabbits. Conclusion: The cholinergic effect of increasing the contractile activity of the uterus and its tubes was confirmed.
Interaction of Strontium Zirconate Plasma Sprayed Coating with Natural Silicate (CMAS) Dust—Origin of Luminescent Phases

Strontium zirconate (SrZrO3) commercial powder was plasma sprayed using a high-feedrate water-stabilized plasma system (WSP) torch. Coatings with a thickness of about 1 mm were produced. Now, we are concentrating on a topic never addressed for pure SrZrO3 coatings: how the coatings interact with natural dust, known as calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS). We selected various regimes of thermal treatment where SrZrO3 coatings were exposed to CMAS, and studied chemical changes, phase changes and the microstructure evolution of the influenced coatings. Microhardness of the exposed coatings was monitored as well. The results would help to understand, how the excellent refractory material SrZrO3 interacts with natural silicates. We kept in mind that pure SrZrO3 is not optimal for a thermal barrier application because of high-temperature phase transformations, but to study the CMAS-induced phenomena in more complex compositions, for example La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3, is difficult and interpretations have not been completed currently. The value of the actual research is in the separation of the phenomena typical just for SrZrO3. A potential for newly developed phases to serve as a sacrificial components of various barrier-coating systems is discussed. Several physical aspects of the newly developed components are discussed as well, namely the luminescence. Here the dust-based phases shifted down the temperature at which luminescence can occur in pure SrZrO3 ceramics. The entire thickness of influenced layers was relatively high, around 300 µm. The amorphous component, predominant after short-term CMAS exposure, was subsequently crystallized to various phases, namely SrSiO3 and monoclinic as well as tetragonal zirconia.