Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is attempting to change marine mammal behaviour a generic solution to the bycatch problem? A dugong case study

Incidental bycatch in fishing nets is a global cause of incidental mortality of marine mammals. Two classes of approaches attempt to mitigate this impact: (1) approaches that change the behaviour of the fisher (e.g. closures and gear modifications), (2) approaches that attempt to change the behaviour of the bycatch species (e.g. acoustic alarms or pingers). Even though the effectiveness of pingers has been established for very few bycatch species, pingers are now mandatory in many fisheries throughout the world. Pingers are being trialled in commercial gill net fisheries in tropical Australia to reduce the bycatch of the dugong and three species of coastal dolphins, despite an absence of robust assessments of: (1) their effectiveness in reducing bycatch, (2) the likelihood of alienating bycatch species from critical habitats. We conducted replicate experiments to test the behavioural responses of dugongs to 4 and 10 kHz pingers in an array simulating a net. Each experiment comprised three sequential 10‐min treatments in which two pingers were: (1) inactive, (2) active, (3) inactive. The rate of decline of the number of dugongs within the focal arena did not change significantly while pingers were activated. Dugongs passed between the pingers (where a net would be located) irrespective of whether the alarms were active or inactive, fed throughout the experiments and did not change their orientation to investigate pinger noise, or their likelihood of vocalizing. We conclude that: (1) pingers are unlikely to alienate dugongs from critical habitats or reduce dugong mortalities in fishing nets, (2) bycatch mitigation strategies such as pingers that rely on changing animal behaviour should only be used after rigorous testing on all likely bycatch species.
Preliminary results of nitrogen uptake with mown grass in an apple orchard under influence of mulch and irrigation.

Nitrogen leaching from intensive agriculture systems is one of the major contributors responsible for nitrate concentration increasing in groundwater. The aim of the study was to determine the content of total nitrogen in the orchard lawn and use this parameter as a correction factor for reduction of nitrogen fertilizers application and to include the nitrogen from mown grass into the N balance and turnover calculation. The investigation was conducted at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Dobele in 2009, on the basis of an existing field experiment planted in 1997 with cultivarMelba` (rootstock B 9). The influence of soil moisture management treatments were compared near the alleyway: control, sawdust mulch and fertigation. The alleyway was covered by grass vegetation (Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L,). Total nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method. The preliminary results show that the mulch used in tree strips in an apple orchard had a significantly negative influence on the concentration of nitrogen in the dry matter of mown grass of the alleyway compared with control and fertigation. Near the mulching treatment the concentration of nitrogen in dry matter of mown grass in the alleyway was 2.23%, but near the control and fertigation treatments it was 8% higher. Nitrogen concentration in the grass of the alleyway was significantly influenced by the time of grass mowing. Nitrogen uptake with mown grass biomass in the alleyway near the control in tree strips was 33.36 kg ha -1 , near the mulch treatment it was higher by 6%, but in fertigation treatment - by 20%.
USING SCHEMA MATCHING IN DATA TRANSFORMATIONFOR WAREHOUSING WEB DATA

Data warehousing is one of the more powerful tools available to support a business enterprise, it provides a multidimensional view of data in an intuitive model designed to match the types of queries posed by analysts and decision makers. Schema mapping plays a key role in many different applications, such as schema integration, data integration, datawarehousing, data transformation, E-commerce, peer-to-peer datamanagement, ontology matching and integration, semantic Web. In order to analyze e-commerce and make reasonable business plans, a company's local data is not sufficient. Decision making must also be based on information from suppliers, partners and competitors. This external data can be obtained from the Web in many cases Such XML, but must be integrated with the company's own data, for example, in a data warehouse. To this end, Web data has to be mapped to the star schema of the warehouse. In this paper we propose a semi- automatic approach to support this transformation process. Our approach is based on the use a XML Schema representation of Web data and the existing warehouse schema. Based on this common view we can compare source and target schema to identify correspondences. We show how the correspondences guide the transformation to be accomplished automatically. We also explain the meaning of Data cleaning and apply it on XML web data to restructuring web data according to DW(Data Warehouse) schema, which are the core of the transformation process using XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) and XPATH(XML Path Language).
Convergence in the variation of local and regional galling species richness

We investigate the local and regional determinants of galling insect richness on the dioecious shrub Baccharis concinna Barroso (Asteraceae) in the southeastern portion of the Espinhaco Mountains in Brazil. The total number of galling species and the richness of galling Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were influenced by plant gender. Male plants supported a higher richness of galling insects than female plants, supporting the hypothesis of sex-biased herbivory at the community level. The total number of galling species and the richness of galling cecidomyiids showed a peak at intermediate altitudes. The richness of all galling species and galling cecidomyiids were strongly influenced by habitat. Plants in xeric habitats supported more galling species than plants in mesic habitats, corroborating the hypothesis of hygrothermal/nutritional stress. Our results indicate that local factors may be the most important factors structuring the galling insect community on B. concinna.
Enhancing Family Resources Survey income data with expenditure data from the Family Expenditure Survey: data comparisons

In this paper we focus on a particular data requirement of tax-benefit microsimulation models in the UK: micro-data on both incomes and expenditures. Tax-benefit models estimate the revenue and distributional effects of changes in personal tax and social security policy. They require detailed and high quality micro-data on both incomes and expenditures for two principal reasons. Firstly, taxes may depend on either income or expenditures and it is often the combined the effect of both types of tax that is of interest. Secondly, although the distributional effects of changes are usually evaluated in terms of the distribution of household incomes, "consumption capability" rather than income itself is sometimes considered to be the concept that is most relevant (Department of Social Security, 1996a). This is better represented by the distribution of household expenditures. This second reason for needing both income and expenditure information for the same households is not confined to policy simulation models. It is also a requirement of many studies of household poverty and inequality including the Department of Social SecurityA­s (DSS) Households Below Average Income series.
Management factors influencing sow productivity in successful Swedish and Danish herds

The number of weaned piglets per sow and year is a good measurement of sow productivity since it is affected by the number of piglets born alive, the pre weaning mortality (i.e. mortality of live born piglets between birth and weaning) and the number of litters per sow and year. This measure is also closely connected to the number of piglets produced per year, which partly determines the profitability of the piglet producer. During this study, eleven successful piglet-producing herds were visited. Eight of the producers were Swedish and three of the producers were Danish. During the herd visits a qualitative interview, concerning general management and the most recent batch weaned, was performed with the producer. One farrowing batch per herd was also checked, where observations and measurements of different sow-, litter- and farrowing unit related parameters were recorded. Production data and key figures were also captured from herd-monitoring programs. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate which parameters had a significant impact on production results and in order to determine differences between Sweden and Denmark. None of the investigated management factors had any significant impact on the number of piglets born alive or dead. The number of weaned piglets was significantly influenced by herd, the number of functional teats per sow, the rated udder health and the rated litter score (i.e. the rated litter appearance including size, homogeneity and vitality). The homogeneity of the litter was significantly influenced by the rated udder health of the sow. The rated litter score was significantly influenced by the body condition score of the sow and the rated udder health. Significant differences between the two countries were found for the total number of piglets born, the number of piglets born alive, the rated udder health, the body condition score, the rated leg health and the rated hoof health. The conclusions of the study are that the sow productivity can be affected through management, that the number of piglets born alive is largely affected by genetic material and that Swedish piglet producers have the opportunity to increase the number of weaned piglets per sow and year. This can be accomplished by improved piglet survival, decreasing the weaning to service interval and the number of non-productive days and increasing the farrowing rate. A system for nursing sows, applicable to Swedish herds, could improve the piglet survival. If Sweden imports genetic material from Denmark it can be expected that the number of live born piglets will increase, the pre weaning mortality may decrease, the number of weaned piglets per sow and year will increase, the weaning weights may decrease and the presence of shoulder lesions may decrease.
A Supplementary Method for Malicious Detection Based on HTTP-Activity Similarity Features

— Web based services is increasingly used in wide of the Internet applications such as social networking or cloud computing. In addition, because of the growing cyber security threats, system administrators protect their networks by closing inward ports and permitting outgoing communication only over selected protocols such as HTTP. Therefore, HTTP is a potential communication medium for internal security threats. The distinction of normal and malicious activity by monitoring HTTP traffic is becoming tougher when sophisticated or new model malware generate legal HTTP traffic and having the similar behavior with normal software, however analyzing HTTP-Activity is a still valuable process for malicious detection. In this paper, with a new approach, a supplementary method for malicious detection based on similarity features in HTTPActivity of clients is proposed. In the research, a new definition of clients HTTP-Activity similarity is proposed, and based on this feature, clients are clustered into groups with the similarity of HTTP-Activity. Therefore, if a malicious client is detected, the administrator can quickly point out the suspicion of clients which are in the same group with the detected malicious clients. By doing experimentation, the result shows that proposed method is beneficial for anomaly/malicious detection, the network management, traffic engineering and security.
Mites of Schizotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from moso bamboo in Fujian, China

Three species of the genus Schizotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) are recorded and described from the leaves of the moso bamboo ( Phyllostaychs pubescens) in Fujian, China. They are Schizotetranychus nanjingensis Ma & Yuan, S. bambusae Reck and S. tenuinidus Zhang & Zhang sp. nov. A key for separating the females of these three species is given. Notes on the biology of these mites are also provided.
Using Lotteries to Incentivize Safer Sexual Behavior: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial on HIV Prevention

Financial incentives are a promising HIV prevention strategy. This paper assesses the effect on HIV incidence of a lottery program in Lesotho with low expected payments but a chance to win a high prize conditional on negative test results for sexually transmitted infections. The intervention resulted in a 21.4 percent reduction in HIV incidence over two years. Lottery incentives appear to be particularly effective for individuals willing to take risks. This paper estimates a model linking sexual behavior to HIV incidence and finds that risk-loving individuals reduce the number of unprotected sexual acts by 0.3/month for every $1 increase in the expected prize.
Characterization of Coronary Artery Diseases Using 256 Multi Detectors CT Scanners

Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death in the general population. Multi detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) is noninvasive technique and can study the entire coronary-artery tree during a single imaging session. The aims of this study were to characterize coronary arteries in patients who were clinically diagnosed to have coronary artery disease (CAD) using (MDCT) 256 slices, and to compare the findings with other cardiac examinations outcome. The study was done at King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Alqaseem- KSA during the period from January to May 2013 . A total of 102 patients, 63(61.76%) males, and 39 (38.24 %) females were included. All patients with pre-test probability of CAD underwent coronary CT angiography with beta-blockers were administered prior to the scan, and other cardiac investigations were obtained. Patient’s age, gender, BMI, weight, Cholesterol level, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, chest pain types, Calcium scoring, were evaluated and correlated with the CT findings and other cardiac investigation results. The evaluated arteries were Left Main Artery (LMA), Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD), Right Coronary Artery (RCA), and Left Circumference Artery (LCA) and were observed for plaques characterization, occlusion or stenosis. A significant association was detected between the CT plaques morphology and BMI, Hyper tension and calcium score at P-value < 0.05. Patients with normal findings in ECG 53 (57.6%) , Echocardiography 58.0(76.3%) and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) 2(25.0%) were found to have positive cardiac disease in CTA. Echocardiography is able to characterize Atrial filibration, Heart failure, Ventricle diseases, Valve stenoses and has significant association with gender P-value 0.022 and BMI P-value 0.042. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging results showed the cardiac function and ejection fraction. No significant association was found between CT findings in coronary arteries and MPI results at P-value 0.789. Coronary CTA disclose diseases in arteries (98.5%), heart anomalies or valve disease 3(3%) ,plaques with significant stenosis 4(4%) , plaque without significant stenosis 11(10.9%) ,stenosis without plaques 14 (14%) and total occlusion 1(1%). In relation to other cardiac tests; cardiac ischemic changes can be detected in ECG, MPI and Echocardiography. Association between CT Plaque Characteristics and Invasive Coronary Arteries results were significant for LAD and RCA at P-value 0.05. Coronary CTA is a promising non-invasive technique and is highly recommended for characterization of Coronary Arteries and diagnosis the CAD; it could be of great value prior to invasive coronary angiography, although ECG, Echocardiography and MPI(SPECT) are better in studying function.
NATURAL OCCURRING CONVERSATION AS AN ENGLISH TEACHING MODEL IN THAILAND

In recent years the use of English is not limited to native speakers; it is also used for communication among non-native speakers. The global spread of English can be seen in education, transportation, tourism industry, hospitality, and business. Many teachers of English in the ASEAN countries have attempted to use communicative language teaching in their EFL/ESL classes. However, it is not as easy as it should be. As the researcher have faced the problems and tried to conquer the barrier occurring during the class of English, however, it was still difficult to apply strategies in Communicative Language Teaching with the large class size in Thai university context. As English has been taught as a second language or foreign language in Thailand, therefore, it is not easy for a teacher to manage an English class with a large number of non-native speakers of English. The author therefore conducted a qualitative research to investigate the students’ improvement in speaking competence shown when they are in different contexts i.e. classroom, outside classroom. The study also examined the significant differences in terms of a performance of speaking ability in different context. The participants consisted of 72 students. Eighteen students were selected by simple random sampling and drawing lots. The sampling size is totally 25 percentage of the population. The researcher carried out the experiment using Natural Occurring Conversation as a Teaching Model to improve the speaking competence of students. The duration of the implementation was 12 weeks excluding the Mid-term and Final Examination.
Proposal of digital sculpting with history management of strokes

Digital sculpting is a modeling method to make a detailed forming shape like sculpture. Recently, digital sculpting tools are becoming prevailing technology on 3DCG contents production. But, most of the sculpting operations are irreversible, because sculpting tools overwrite the information on shape directly. Therefore, the history operation of the undo redo etc. is often achieved by the snap shot of shape, and the operation is restricted from the limit of the memory capacity. This paper proposes a new digital sculpting system based on the history of stroke input. This system retains the CSG model with implicit function set. As a result, all operation is able to be defined as reversible command in our method. Moreover, our method made that the history command is re-targetingable by maintaining stroke-trails and camera information. It allows users to recover any past state and cancel a command. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
VMPmonitor:An Efficient Modularity Approach for Hidden Process Detection

With the development of the Cloud computing, more and more people are accustomed to resource sharing or online shopping. And malware has become a major threat to the Cloud safety. Process hiding is a powerful technique commonly used by stealthy malware to evade detection by anti-malware. In this paper, we present a novel approach called VMPmonitor-an efficient modularity approach for hidden process detection. With the help of the guest OS register information (mainly the ESP) collected by virtual machine monitor, VMPmonitor can implicitly capture the hidden process information of target guest OS. Compared to other approaches, VMPmonitor obtains guest process information implicitly. Using implicit information reduces its susceptibility to guest evasion attack. Experimental result shows that VMPmonitor has better reliability and accuracy. Keywords-security; malware; hidden process detection; virtual machine monitor
Inflation targeting in poland (a comparison with the czech republic)

This paper deals with the implementation of the inflation targeting regime in Poland. The study contributes to the discussion about opportunities and constraints of inflation targeting in the more advanced transitive economies. This analysis of monetary policy issues is based on an econometric investigation of the Polish inflation time series and on the estimation of the links between monetary policy instruments and inflation. In comparison with the Czech Republic, the Polish inflation targeting strategy faces more obstacles and limitations that are caused by the structural characteristics of Polish inflation and the country's less advanced money market.
Mesoscale Stratocumulus Bands Caused by Gulf Stream Meanders

Abstract Examination of visible and infrared imagery from geosynchronous and polar orbiter satellites reveals the occasional existence of mesoscale cloud bands of unusual width and area, originating over the open northwest Atlantic Ocean during cold-air outbreaks. This phenomenon is of both dynamic and synoptic interest. As a dynamic phenomenon, it represents a mesoscale flow that is driven by transient surface features, which are meanders in the Gulf Stream. The forcing geometry and the resulting cloud pattern are similar in many respects to the anomalous cloud lines observed downwind of Chesapeake and Delaware Bays in similar conditions. These open ocean cloud bands are often of a larger scale, however, because the Gulf Stream meanders represent the largest-scale high-amplitude “coastal features” in the western North Atlantic. These cloud bands are of synoptic interest because, when present, they play a major role in determining the cloud pattern over much of this oceanic region. Examination of surface .
Hanoi Public Transport—Transformation by Management Using Action Research and Behavior Setting Theory

After the economic reforms in Vietnam, the number of motorbikes surged while public transport lost its passengers. No funds for investment available TRAMOC (Transport Management and Operation Centre), the Transport Management and Operation Center started the experiment of transforming Hanoi Public Transport by management based on action research, introducing some interventions, which had shown to be effective in Europe. Phase I of the experimental approach was carried out with the smallest company that operated Line 32. The number of daily passengers surged from 1,700 to 8,000. In Phase II, the experiment was extended to the whole net. In 2001, there were 35,000 passengers per day, in 2010, there were 1 million; this is an increase of 3,000%. The result surpassed by far the expectations. The key for understanding the surprising results is the mode choice. 53% of the users are riders by choice; they have access to a car or motorbike. Simulation of the decisions as rational choice based on time needed for trips was proved to be quite accurate. Behavior was analyzed in the frame of behavior setting theory, which brings together urban structure and the design of the transport system. Success with introducing public transport needs a self-reliant leadership, which works with people in their real life situation. An urban transport system is part of the organized behavior of the people, who make use of the technical opportunities offered.