Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of one year of Ion-DMPS data from the SMEAR II station, Finland

In this paper, we investigate the participation of ion-induced nucleation in atmospheric new-particle formation. We present one year of Ion-DMPS data from the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, southern Finland (22 September 2005 to 22 September 2006). We measured continuously the concentrations of ions in ambient and charge equilibrated air in seven size bins over a diameter range 3–15 nm. All new-particle formation event days were classified according to observed particle charging states and analysed based on a new theoretical tool by which the measured charging states can be extrapolated down to smaller particle sizes. We investigated the contribution of ion-induced nucleation for both positively and negatively charged particles. The median contribution of ion-induced nucleation at 2 nm during the one year of measurements was around 6.4% with a median absolute deviation (MAD) of 2.0%,. The smallest contribution was 1.7% (MAD = 1.6%) whereas the maximum was 16.5% (MAD = 2.2%). We also analysed the data on a seasonal basis and found the largest contribution of ion-induced nucleation during summer (7.6%) and lower during the rest of the year (4.9%).
Competitive adsorption of water vapor with VOCs dichloroethane, ethyl acetate and benzene on MIL-101(Cr) in humid atmosphere

It is well-known that water vapor is omnipresent. It would inevitably have a negative influence on VOC adsorption on novel porous materials in actual situations. In this work, the competitive adsorption behavior of water vapor with three VOCs, 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), ethyl acetate (EA) and benzene, on MIL-101 in a humid atmosphere was investigated by isotherm measurement, breakthrough experiments and TPD experiments. The results showed that adsorption capacities of MIL-101 for DCE, EA and benzene were individually up to 9.71, 5.79 and 3.76 mmol g−1, much higher than those of other conventional adsorbents. Breakthrough experiments indicated that the presence of water vapor in the feed stream resulted in a sharp decrease in the VOCs working capacities of MIL-101 due to competitive adsorption of water vapor on MIL-101 surfaces. The breakthrough times and the working capacities of these VOCs became smaller with an increase in the relative humidity. TPD experiments indicated that the desorption activation energies of water vapor, DCE, EA and benzene on MIL-101 were 72.9, 47.14, 41.9, and 38.16 kJ mol−1, respectively. The stronger interaction of water vapor with MIL-101 formed strong competitive adsorption with VOCs on MIL-101, resulting in the sharp decrease of the VOCs working capacities in a humid atmosphere.
Bile Salts as Crystallization Inhibitors of Supersaturated Solutions of Poorly Water-Soluble Compounds

Poor aqueous solubility of new therapeutic agents is one of the most pressing current challenges in drug delivery. Supersaturated solutions, generated in vivo either by virtue of the intrinsic compound properties (i.e., ionization behavior) or by dissolution of formulations containing a high energy form of the drug, are considered one of the most promising approaches to improve drug absorption, when it is limited by solubility. The challenge is to maintain supersaturation, typically achieved by adding polymeric crystallization inhibitors, for biologically relevant time periods. In this study, we present exciting preliminary observations about the potential role of bile salts as crystallization inhibitors. Focusing on sodium taurocholate, an endogenous bile salt also widely used in simulated intestinal media, extended experimental nucleation induction times were observed in the presence of this surfactant for a group of 11 diverse compounds, relative to induction times in buffer. Limited studies with two a.
On the use of non-hydrogenic spectral lines for low electron density and high pressure plasma diagnostics

Spectral line shapes and shifts of non-hydrogenic spectral lines of neutral atoms are considered for diagnostics of low electron density high pressure plasmas. Difficulties in application and limitations of this spectroscopic diagnostic technique are discussed in detail. The simultaneous presence of comparable Stark, Van der Waals and sometimes resonance broadening is discussed and a procedure to deduce the electron number density from the measured line width and/or shift is described. The importance and requirement of high accuracy theoretical and experimental data for plasma diagnostics are also discussed.
An improved simple model for the van der Waals potential based on universal damping functions for the dispersion coefficients

Starting from our earlier model [J. Chem. Phys. 66, 1496 (1977)] a simple expression is derived for the radial dependent damping functions for the individual dispersion coefficients C2n for arbitrary even orders 2n. The damping functions are only a function of the Born–Mayer range parameter b and thus can be applied to all systems for which this is known or can be estimated. For H(1S)–H(1S) the results are in almost perfect agreement with the very accurate recent ab initio damping functions of Koide, Meath, and Allnatt. Comparisons with less accurate previous calculations for other systems also show a satisfactory agreement. By adding a Born–Mayer repulsive term [A exp(−bR)] to the damped dispersion potential, a simple universal expression is obtained for the well region of the atom–atom van der Waals potential with only five essential parameters A, b, C6, C8, and C10. The model has been tested for the following representative systems: H2 3Σ, He2, and Ar2 as well as NaK 3Σ and LiHg, which include four che.
The validity of a measure of adjustment in siblings of children with developmental and physical disabilities: a brief report

ABSTRACT Background: Few questionnaires are tailored for siblings of children with disabilities. The Negative Adjustment Scale (NAS) was developed to measure siblings’ adjustment, but has not yet been validated. Objective: To investigate the factor structure and convergent validity of the NAS. Method: We examined the validity of the NAS in terms of factor structure and convergent validity against a general mental health measure. The sample comprised 107 siblings (M age = 11.5 years, SD = 2.1, 53.8% boys) of children with disabilities. Results: We confirmed a one-factor structure for the NAS. Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant correlations (r=.29–.44) with sibling externalizing and internalizing mental health difficulties. Conclusion: The NAS holds promise as a measure tailored for the assessment of sibling’s adjustment.
Nanostructured Therapeutic Systems of PUFA'S for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the typical categories of the most common and aggressive brain tumors with high incidence more often in older adults. The etiology of GBM has not been fully elucidated. Clinically, GBM is characterized by highly proliferative activity in the glial cells, and its complete resection is impossible, and radiotherapy is not always efficient. GBM remain a therapeutic challenge in neuro-oncology because there is no treatment that achieves a significant improvement in survival. In this regard, the identification of newer drug therapy for the treatment of GBM is gaining popularity. However, the process of identifying new targets and development of new leads for screening suitable drug candidates require the investment of resources like time, money, and efforts. Thus, the use of PUFAs therapeutic moieties for such tumor treatment has yielded significant interest owing to their cost-effective availability, limited sideeffects, and insensitivity towards drug resistance. Nevertheless, implications of the nanostructured therapeutic systems in delivering the PUFAs can provide significant augmentation in their biopharmaceutical performance and antitumor activity over the existing synthetic drug therapy. Now a days various studies showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids especially glinolenic acid (GLA) have selective tumoricidal action especially against malignant gliomacells.The present, in this regard, endeavors to provide an insight into the applications of nanomedicines-loaded with PUFAs therapeutics for effective treatment of GBM and associated diseases.
A phenomenological model of the rotation dynamics of carbon nanotube gears with laser electric fields

A phenomenological model for the rotational dynamics of a single laser-powered molecular motor is discussed and tested through molecular dynamics simulations. The motor is used to power carbon nanotube-based gears. For a given laser power density and arrangement of free charges in the body of the gear we have defined an intrinsic frequency of the gear oscillatory rotations. The nanotube rotations are not of an oscillatory nature if the laser field frequency is of the same order of magnitude as the intrinsic frequency of the tube and there is an additional phase match between the two. For the laser-powered gear motor dynamics, the rotational angular momentum of the driven gear tend to stabilize the rotational dynamics of the system, and unidirectional rotations for the entire duration of the simulations are observed.
Human complex exploration strategies are enriched by noradrenaline-modulated heuristics

An exploration-exploitation trade-off, the arbitration between sampling a lesser-known against a known rich option, is thought to be solved using computationally demanding exploration algorithms. Given known limitations in human cognitive resources, we hypothesised the presence of additional cheaper strategies. We examined for such heuristics in choice behaviour where we show this involves a value-free random exploration, that ignores all prior knowledge, and a novelty exploration that targets novel options alone. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled drug study, assessing contributions of dopamine (400 mg amisulpride) and noradrenaline (40 mg propranolol), we show that value-free random exploration is attenuated under the influence of propranolol, but not under amisulpride. Our findings demonstrate that humans deploy distinct computationally cheap exploration strategies and that value-free random exploration is under noradrenergic control.
Formation of Cu nanoparticles in layered Bi2Te3 and their effect on ZT enhancement

Compounds of CuxBi2Te3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) were studied to measure the effect of Cu intercalation on their thermoelectric properties. HR-TEM images of freshly fractured surfaces of Cu0.07Bi2Te3 showed that Cu nanoparticles formed in the van der Waals gaps between Te layers in Bi2Te3. Such nanoparticles acted as electron donors, changing the native p-type character of Bi2Te3 to n-type. They also acted as phonon scatters, reducing thermal conductivity. Cu0.07Bi2Te3 had high electrical conductivity of 681 S cm−1 and Seebeck coefficient of −236 μV K−1 with low thermal conductivity of 1.0 W m−1 K−1, thus enhancing the figure of merit, ZT, to 1.15 at approximately 300 K. The intercalation of metal nanoparticles between Te layers in Bi2Te3 is a promising strategy for the preparation of highly efficient n-type thermoelectric materials.
Numerical Analysis of Retrograde Gas Behavior in Fissured Systems: The Single-block Model

Abstract This article presents the description of depletion behavior of retrograde gases when stored in naturally fractured systems. The present study focuses on the preliminary understanding of condensate build-up within the matrix at saturations below critical, with special emphasis on the limiting cases where flow hindrance due to the presence of the condensate might be exacerbated. The entire fissured reservoir is depicted as a stack of several single blocks of matrix rock, where ultimate recovery is controlled by the behavior of each of the single-matrix blocks in the stack. A fully implicit, in-house compositional model that tracks the condensate build-up in the single block and allows the description of its impact on system behavior is presented. This work centers around the betterment of our understanding of the phenomena taking place within a single-matrix block, as the single most important building block needed for the understanding of behavior of fissured systems hosting gas condensates.
Exogenous factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: Irritants and cutaneous infections

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory cutaneous disease that is often associated with other atopic symptoms, such as food allergy, allergic rhinitis and asthma, leading to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. The pathogenesis of AD is complicated and multifactorial. Although the aetiology of AD remains incompletely understood, recent studies have provided further insight into AD pathophysiology, demonstrating that the interaction among genetic predisposition, immune dysfunction and environmental provocation factors contributes to its development. However, the increasing prevalence of AD suggests that environmental factors such as irritation and cutaneous infection play a crucial role in triggering and/or aggravating the disease. Of note, AD skin is susceptible to bacterial, fungal and viral infections, and microorganisms may colonize the skin and aggravate AD symptoms. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which these risk factors affect the cutaneous immunity of patients with AD is of great importance for developing a precision medicine approach for treatment. This review summarizes recent developments in exogenous factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD, with special emphasis on irritants and microbial infections.
A Contribution to the Estimation of Organic Phosphorous in Soils

Abstract Half or more of the total P in soils may be present in organic forms. Especially on livestock farms the organic P fraction is an important contribution to the plant‐available P pool and has to be considered if balanced fertilization is to be achieved. Considerable importance, therefore, attaches to methods to determine the available organic P. The two main methods used (alkaline extraction of the organic P after acid pretreatment and the measurement of the increase in inorganic P extracted by a suitable acid solution after the soil organic matter has been destroyed by ignition) are subject to many uncertainties. The main requirement for the ignition‐acid extraction methods are to ensure complete release and recovery of the organic P and avoid changes in the solubility of the inorganic P during ignition. The aim of this study was, therefore, to test whether using ICP‐OES analysis instead of the traditional colorimetric determination of acid‐extracted P could bypass some of the problems associated with the complete release and recovery of the organic P. The study was carried out on a typical Hapludalf from a northern German livestock farm. The soil is silty loam, ranging from moderately acid (5.9) to alkaline (7.6), characterized by a low C:P ratio and an average plant‐available P concentration (CAL) of 59 kg mg−1. Total organic P (PO) was determined by the acid ignition method using 0.1 M H2SO4. The overestimation of the total PO concentration due to extraction of inorganic P was considered to be minor. Using ICP‐OES analysis instead of the traditional colorimetric determination bypassed the problem of readsorption of released inorganic P during the analytical procedure and problems of interference due to high As concentrations in the soil.
Insulin and glucose responses to hypoxia in male and female neonatal rats: Effects of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide

Hypoxia is common with preterm birth and may lead to long‐term effects on adult pancreatic endocrine function and insulin sensitivity. This phenomenon may be sexually dimorphic due to the hypoxia‐induced augmentation of the neonatal androgen surge in male newborns. We evaluated this phenomenon by pretreating neonatal rats on postnatal days (PD) 1, 6, 13, or 20 with flutamide (a nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist) at a standard or a high dose (10 or 50 mg/kg) compared to vehicle control. One day later, neonatal rats were exposed to either acute normoxic or hypoxic separation (fasting) for 90 min, and blood was sampled for the measurement of insulin and glucose and the calculation of HOMA‐IR as an index of insulin resistance. During normoxic and hypoxic separation (fasting), flutamide increased insulin secretion in PD2, PD7, and PD14 pups, high dose flutamide attenuated insulin secretion, and high dose flutamide attenuated the increase in HOMA‐IR due to hypoxia. Our studies suggest a unique role of the androgen receptor in the control of neonatal pancreatic function, possibly by blocking a direct effect of neonatal testosterone or in response to indirect regulatory effects of androgens on insulin sensitivity.
A new optical method and apparatus `HAUP' for measuring simultaneously optical activity and birefringence of crystals. II. Application to triglycine–sulphuric acid (NH2CH2CO2H)3.H2SO4

As the test for the utility of HAUP, simultaneous determinations of birefringence, optical activity, and rotation of the indicatrix, and electrooptic, and electrogyration coefficients were made for both paraelectric and ferroelectric states of triglycine-sulfuric acid, 3C2H5NO2.H2SO4. In the ferroelectric state, the hysteresis loop of the gyration tensor g22 was clearly observed. Electrooptic and electrogyration coefficients referred to polarization are found to be nearly independent of temperature over the paraelectric and ferroelectric states. It is important to note that gyration is more largely induced than birefringence under lower electric fields. This fact, contrary to the previous belief, indicates that simultaneous determinations of gyration and birefringence are indispensable for the correct evaluations of the optical properties of crystals.
Daily functioning support - a qualitative exploration of rehabilitative approach in acute hospitalised care.

OBJECTIVES Hospitalised patients are at risk of temporary or permanent loss of functioning which impacts their future independence. Implementation of a rehabilitative approach in everyday nursing in the acute care setting may produce good therapeutic results and promote independent daily living of patients. Thus, the aim of the study was to explore and understand the patterns of a rehabilitative approach in acute hospital wards from the perspective of interdisciplinary team members. Specifically, our aim was to identify the factors promoting and preventing a rehabilitative approach. METHOD We conducted four focus group interviews with 21 participants, including multidisciplinary team members from acute hospital wards. Data were analysed with conventional inductive content analysis. RESULTS The findings highlighted that the rehabilitative approach, as a personal way of working and personal working attitude, was a part of comprehensive nursing. The main goals of the rehabilitative approach were to support the physical functioning of the patients and their independent initiative and individuality during clinical care in hospital ward. The promoting and preventing factors that influenced the development of the rehabilitative approach consisted of personal factors, organisational factors and the physical settings of the hospital wards. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that the rehabilitative approach in nursing focused on supporting the physical functioning, independence and self-confidence of the patient. The staff highlighted that interdisciplinary teamwork was one feature of the rehabilitative approach. The rehabilitative approach in nursing should be established as a part of everyday activity in clinical practice.
Dewetting Effects on Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave Vapor Sensors

Thin polymer films on surface acoustic wave device surfaces sometimes dewet the surface, leading to isolated droplets of material and a degradation in sensor performance. Dewetting has been observed to lead to decreases in baseline operating frequencies and loss of oscillation in the worst cases. The influence of surface precleaning methods has been examined, and, in general, plasma cleaning was found to be the method of choice for the preparation of the device surface for polymer application. Plasma cleaning results in an increase in the surface free energy and improves polymer adhesion so that dewetting is disfavored.
Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies of histiocytic sarcoma in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris): A retrospective study

Histiocytic sarcoma was investigated histopathologically and immunohistochemically in 17 four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), along with a review of their clinical data. Cases were histopathologically classified into two types: round-polygonal cell type (6 cases) and spindle cell type (11 cases). Round-polygonal cell type was found in visceral organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and more, and most cases of this type were consistent with disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. On the other hand, spindle cell type occurred mainly in skin, and almost all cases were consistent with localized histiocytic sarcoma. The prognosis of patients with round-polygonal cell type appeared worse than that of spindle cell type. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells of spindle cell type showed stronger reactivity against human leukocyte antigen-DR than round-polygonal cell type. Neoplastic cells of all cases showed strong reactivity against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) and various reactivities against cluster of differentiation (CD) 204. Regardless of morphological classification, most tumor cells were negative for CD163, suggesting that this marker is less effective for the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The results of this study suggest that Iba-1 is the most effective marker for histiocytic sarcoma.
The implementation of lenvatinib/everolimus or lenvatinib/pembrolizumab combinations in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are 400,000 new cases of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and 175,000 deaths worldwide every year. Currently available frontline therapies to treat RCC have less toxicity than previously employed therapeutic agents, but drug resistance is still a clinically significant problem. Drug resistance occurs through angiogenic escape by the activation of pathways that are independent of the VEGF targets of most first-line therapies. The lenvatinib/everolimus and lenvatinib/pembrolizumab are part of a new generation of combinations that can combat this method of resistance to extend both progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic RCC. Areas covered: This article discusses the evolution of current data on the efficacy and safety of these two combinations and future directions for their implementation in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Expert opinion: Future research will focus on these combinations in contrast with other currently approved regimens. Once specific biomarkers that predict response to treatment are identified, the future of treatment of mRCC will involve specifically tailored therapies for a patient’s genotype. Therapies unique only to the patient undergoing treatment will increase both efficacy and safety of new treatments, and that is the truly exciting future that awaits this field.