Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multinational enterprises, global value chains and local human resource management decision-making discretion

This paper seeks to discuss two primary research questions. First, what is Australia’s place in the global value chain? In answering this question, we will be able to determine whether Australia is moving towards a knowledge or service based economy, or whether it remains a destination for investments in natural resources and basic manufacturing activities? Our second research question asks, what impact does the Australian operations’ position in the global value chain have on local subsidiary decision-making autonomy over key human resources (HR) and employment relations (ER) policies and practices? In this paper we set out to establish whether the global value chain concept is useful in explaining subsidiary management autonomy. In doing this we propose a number of hypotheses. Focusing on human resource management (HRM) and the discretion afforded to subsidiary management in multinational enterprises (MNEs) is also significant due to the increasing consensus in the literature on the importance of HR in deriving sustainable competitive advantage (Amit & Belcourt 1999; Hatch & Dyer 2004). Being able to discern the extent to which management in MNEs in Australia have authority over HR policies and practices or whether they merely execute corporate decisions and policies that are decided elsewhere is a useful contribution. Specifically, we will further existing research on the extent to which MNEs are pursuing common, global agendas or whether there are a number of factors impinging on this, and most notably here, the subsidiary position in the corporate value chain.
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Legitimacy of the Shareholder Primacy Norm: A Rawlsian Analysis

Shareholder primacy is considered a major impediment to corporate social responsibility. This paper examines the status of the Shareholder Primacy Norm under US and UK law and shows that it is no longer legally enforceable, but remains a powerful social norm among managers, in part because of the sole voting rights of shareholders. Accordingly, we apply Rawls’ social contract theory to evaluate the legitimacy of shareholder primacy as manifest through the voting rights of shareholders and assess whether this principle of governance would be endorsed or the Stakeholder Equality Norm, a competing norm proposed here as an operationalization of stakeholder theory. Contrary to expectations, we find that a Rawlsian analysis is more supportive of shareholder primacy than stakeholder theory because it dictates that economic efficiency would determine the best governance principle and shareholder primacy would likely be more efficient. However, shareholder primacy would not be unfettered because justice considerations of Rawls’ theory impose exogenous constraints, primarily in the form of legislation. We conclude by showing that the on-going debate between shareholder primacy and stakeholder theory is in many respects about the choice between exogenous vs. endogenous constraints and essentially a debate between political liberalism and libertarianism.
Spiking Neural Network Predicting Te m poral Sequence of 2 D-patterns

In recent years, the edge-side computation at the IoT devices is offering more intelligent functionality to adopt modern deep learning techniques. Most of input/ output data of the IoT devices might be sometimes noisy or errorprone due to lowering the cost of IoT devices and sensors. However, the existing deep neural networks (DNN’s) are not good at learning and recognizing such temporal sequences of noisy data. Therefore, this study aims to propose a novel spiking neural network to learn and infer those kinds of data at the IoT devices. The proposed neural network is called the Boltzmann machine with single spike axon (SSA-BM), where we introduce the probability distribution of global states based on the Boltzmann machine and synaptic currents of neurons based on the leaky integrate and fire model. The evaluation results revealed that the proposed network predicts temporal sequence of 2D-patterns even if the input sequence involves some exceptions such as timing deviation
Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 in the Sichuan Basin, China

To track the particulate pollution in Sichuan Basin, sample filters were collected in three urban sites. Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were explored and their sources were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). During 2012–2013, the PM2.5 concentrations were 86.7 ± 49.7 μg m−3 in Chengdu (CD), 78.6 ± 36.8 μg m−3 in Neijiang (NJ), and 71.7 ± 36.9 μg m−3 in Chongqing (CQ), respectively. WSIIs contributed about 50% to PM2.5, and 90% of them were secondary inorganic ions. NH4+ and NO3− roughly followed the seasonal pattern of PM2.5 variations, whereas the highest levels of SO42− appeared in summer and autumn. PM2.5 samples were most acidic in autumn and winter, but were alkaline in spring. The aerosol acidity increased with the increasing level of anion equivalents. SO42− primarily existed in the form of (NH4)2SO4. Full neutralization of NH4+ to NO3− was only observed in low levels of SO42− + NO3−, and NO3− existed in various forms. SO42− and NO3− were formed mainly through homogeneous reactions, and there was the existence of heterogeneous reactions under high relative humidity. The main identified sources of WSIIs included coal combustion, biomass burning, and construction dust.
Flexitest: inappropriate use of condensed versions

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Flexibility, defined as the maximal passive mobility of a given joint movement is one of the health-related physical fitness variables, representing an important factor for body and movement performance, either in sports or scenic modalities, where the gracefulness and beauty of movements is relevant. Among the several flexibility measurement and evaluation methods, one of the most used is the Flexitest that includes 20 joint movements graduated between 0 to 4 points. However, some professionals have used condensed versions of only four or six movements empirically selected. The objective of this study is to evaluate the practical and scientific validity of condensed versions use in replacement of the Flexitest full version. METHODS: Flexitest data were used in 3,116 individuals namely: 1,847 men and 1,269 women with ages ranging from 5 to 88 years. From step-by-step progressive regression analyses four and six movements that best estimated the Flexindex (sum of the 20 movements scores) separately for children and adolescents, young adults, adults and aged adults from both genders were selected. RESULTS: Despite the high determination coefficients obtained in the regression analyses, slightly better for six movements, standard errors of estimate ranged from 2.7 to 3.8 points (3.8 and 3.9, respectively, for men and women with no division by age group), exceeding what is expected as measurement error and similar to what is observed as result of a specific training program. CONCLUSION: Except for very specific and unusual situations, the use of condensed Flexitest versions of four or six movements is not appropriate even if specific for age range and gender.
Leading from the Niche: Insights from a Strategic Dialogue of Renewable Energy Cooperatives in The Netherlands

Renewable energy cooperatives envision and manifest an alternative way of organising within the energy system (and beyond). Yet, despite their growth, it is uncertain whether such initiatives are able to increase and deepen their impact, leading the transition to an environmentally sustainable and socially just energy system. This paper presents insights from a strategic dialogue co-organised with the Dutch national interest group of renewable energy cooperatives “ODE Decentraal”. We used transition management as action research methodology to organise the dialogue to understand and support the transformative potential of the cooperative energy movement. The dialogue helped to clarify the challenges and possibilities for scaling energy cooperatives beyond the niche, supporting at the same time the participants to reflect, strategize and develop a shared transition agenda. This contribution presents and analyses our intervention and its impact, also specifically evaluating the potential of transition management to facilitate social learning processes, reflexivity and the development of strategic actions. Our intervention confirmed the hypothesis that actors in the niche often focus too much on the competition with the regime for individual goals, thereby failing to collectively strategize and engage with incumbent regimes in a systematic way.
The above-over meanings of the Romanian deasupra

The paper presents the above - over mean ings of the Romanian deasupra from a cognitive point of view, based on almost 1,000 cases deriving from various press cuttings and both printed and online mono - and bilingual dictionaries. The conclusion contains a possible network of deasupra - senses based on all the detected above - over meanings.
The generation of continuous membrane surfaces

Recent interest in freeform architecture has dramatically changed the type of surfaces under consideration, from statically optimized shell structures to shapes that have been determined by non-structural design decisions. Based on the theory of plasticity a new method has been developed which allows the design engineer to control the transfer of loads in any kind of surface structure. By this novel approach curved stress fields are generated which can either be used to analyse a given structure or to design shapes.
A Randomized Procedure for Choosing Data Transformation

Standard unit root and stationarity tests (see e.g. Dickey and Fuller (1979)) assume linearity under both the null and the alternative hypothesis. Violation of this linearity assumption can result in severe size and power distortion, both in finite and large samples. Thus, it is reasonable to address the problem of data transformation before running a unit root test. In this paper we propose a simple randomized procedure, coupled with sample conditioning, for choosing between levels and log-levels specifications in the presence of deterministic and/or stochastic trends. In particular, we add a randomized component to a basic test statistic, proceed by conditioning on the sample, and show that for all samples except a set of measure zero, the statistic has a X2 limiting distribution under the null hypothesis (log linearity), while it diverges under the alternative hypothesis (level linearity). Once we have chosen the proper data transformation, we remain with the standard problem of testing for a unit root, either in levels or in logs. Monte Carlo findings suggest that the proposed test has good finite sample properties for samples of at least 300 observations. In addition, an examination of the King, Plosser, Stock and Watson (1991) data set is carried out, and evidence in favor of using logged data is provided.
Progress in Research on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

In recent years, with the increase of natural disasters, wars, and terrorist incidents, etc., there are more and more researches on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper bases on the definition, pathogenic mechanism and related gene research of post-traumatic stress disorder. Mechanism, reviews the research status of post-traumatic stress disorder to improve people’s understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder, and prospect for future research.
A New Topology of Load Network for Class F RF Power Amplifiers

High efficiency RF power amplifiers are increasingly needed in modern mobile communication systems to reduce the battery size and power supply consumption. Class-F RF power amplifiers offer improved efficiency over the conventional class-B power amplifiers by properly controlling the harmonic components of the voltage and current signals at the output terminals of the RF device while driving it to operate as an ON/OFF switch. To do this task, a suitable load network is to be synthesized in order to present the proper harmonic impedances at the output of the RF power transistor. In this paper, a new load network for class F power amplifiers has been introduced and derived analytically. The proposed network consists of a parallel short circuited λ/8 stub, parallel open circuited λ/8 stub, and a T-section lumped-element transformer. The benefits of this topology include simplicity of design, controllable bandwidth, and harmonic tuning and impedance transformation at the same time. To confirm the approach of analysis, a 10 W class-F UHF power amplifier circuit has been designed and simulated using a typical Gallium Nitride high electron mobility RF transistor (GaN HEMT) to operate at 500 MHz with the aid of the Advanced Design System (ADS) computer package. The simulated results have indicated that the circuit gives a dc-to-RF efficiency of more than 84 % and a power gain of 11 dB at 500 MHz with an operating bandwidth from 440 to 540 MHz.
More and Safer Corporate Tax Planning: On the Benefits of Bank Control

We examine the effect of banks’ proprietary information protection on loan contract terms. We find that banks offer lower interest rates to their customers after the passage of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine, which prevents banks’ former employees from leaking proprietary information to rivals. The decline in loan spread is larger when banks and borrowers have previous lending relationships. Borrowers respond to better loan terms by borrowing more bank debt and less public debt. Furthermore, IDD adoptions increase the probability of loan sales. Our findings suggest that banks share part of the surplus, stemming from proprietary information protection, with their borrowers.
Syddansk Universitet Development of Flexible Software Process Lines with Variability Operations A Longitudinal Case

Context: Software processes evolve over time and several approaches were proposed to support the required flexibility. Yet, little is known whether these approaches sufficiently support the development of large software processes. A software process line helps to systematically develop and manage families of processes and, as part of this, variability operations provide means to modify and reuse pre-defined process assets. Objective: Our goal is to evaluate the feasibility of variability operations to support the development of flexible software process lines. Method: We conducted a longitudinal study in which we studied 5 variants of the V-Modell XT process line for 2 years. Results: Our results show the variability operation instrument feasible in practice. We analyzed 616 operation exemplars addressing various customization scenarios, and we found 87 different operation types contributed by 3 metamodel variants developed by different teams in different contexts. Conclusions: Although variability operations are only one instrument among others, our results suggest this instrument useful to implement variability in real-life software process lines.
59 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Geographic information systems (GIS) facilitate the input, storage, manipulation, analysis, and visualization of geographic data. Geographic data generally has a location, size, shape, and various attributes, and may have a temporal component as well. Geographical analysis is important for a GIS. It includes combining different spatial themes, relating the dependency of phenomena to distance, interpolating, studying trends and patterns, and more. Without analysis, a GIS could be called a spatial database. Not all aspects of GIS are relevant to computational geometry. Human-computer interaction, and legal aspects of GIS, are also considered part of GIS research. This chapter focuses primarily on those aspects that are susceptible to algorithms research. Even here, the approach taken within GIS research is different from the approach a computational geometer would take, with much less initial abstraction of the problem, and less emphasis on theoretical efficiency. The GIS research field is multi-disciplinary: it includes researchers from geography, geodesy, cartography, and computer science. The research areas geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry, and remote sensing primarily deal with the data input, storage, and correction aspects of GIS. Cartography mainly concentrates on the visualization aspects. Section 59.1 deals with spatial data structures important to GIS. Section 59.2 discusses the most common spatial analysis methods. Section 59.3 discusses the visualization of spatial data, in particular automated cartography. Section 59.4 deals with Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and their algorithms. Section 59.5 discusses algorithmic results on trajectory data. Section 59.6 overviews miscellaneous other occurrences of geometric algorithms in GIS. Section 59.7 discusses the most important contributions that can be made from the computational geometry perspective to research problems in GIS.
Survey of Applications of Active Control Technology for Gust Alleviation and New Challenges for Lighter-Weight Aircraft

Abstract This report provides an historical survey and assessment of the state of the art in the modeling and application of active control to aircraft encountering atmospheric disturbances in flight. Particular emphasis is placed on applications of active control technologies that enable weight reduction in aircraft by mitigating the effects of atmospheric disturbances. Based on what has been learned to date, recommendations are made for addressing gust alleviation as the trend for more structurally efficient aircraft yields both lighter and more flexible aircraft. These lighter more flexible aircraft face two significant challenges: reduced separation between rigid-body and flexible modes, and increased sensitivity to gust encounters due to decreased wing loading and improved lift-to-drag ratios. The primary audience of this paper is engineering professionals new to the area of gust load alleviation and interested in tackling the multifaceted challenges that lie ahead for lighter-weight aircraft.
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN SD NURUL HUDA II SURABAYA DITINJAU DARI PSAK NO.1 (PENYAJIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN)

Laporan keuangan merupakan produk akhir dari proses akuntansi suatu entitas yang menjadi bahan informasi bagi para pemakainya sebagai salah satu bahan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan antara penyajian laporan keuangan pada laporan keuangan SD Nurul Huda II dengan laporan keuangan yang sesuai PSAK No.1. metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu menggambarkan teori yang terdapat pada PSAK No.1 tentang penyajian laporan keuangan pada SD Nurul Huda II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laporan keuangan SD Nurul Huda II menyajikan laporan keuangan sesuai aturan dan cara yang telah berlaku di Yayasan Nurul Huda. Yaitu terdiri dari waktu dan komponen pembuatan laporan keuangan. Dengan kata lain, laporan keuangan yang ada di SD Nurul Huda II tidak sesuai dengan PSAK No.1 (penyajian laporan keuangan)
2 0 1 2 ) 0 1 5 Hadrons potentials and gauge / string dualities

In 1998, J. M. Maldacena conjectured a precise duality in the low-energy (or decoupling) regime between a large N strongly-coupled SU(N) super-Yang-Mills theory defined in the fourdimensional Minkowski world-volume M4 of a stack of N coincident D3-branes and the supergravity limit of a weakly-coupled type IIB closed superstring theory on AdS5×S. In this proceeding are introduced the concepts and methods used to derive, in the gauge/string correspondence framework, the interaction potentials of mesons and baryons at zero and finite temperature [1]. Especially, emphasize will be made on the linear behavior of the bound-state potentials derived in the gravity side.
Undercover Dogs: Pet Dogs in the Sleep Environment of Patients with Chronic Pain

(1) Background: Chronic pain is a significant and prevalent condition in many industrialized nations. Pain and sleep’s reciprocal nature suggests that interventions to improve sleep may decrease pain symptoms. Little attention has been paid to the influence that owning a pet dog has on the pain/sleep relationship. Typical advice to remove pets from the bedroom negates the possible positive benefit of human-animal co-sleeping. Aim: To investigate pain patients’ perceived impact of pet dog ownership on sleep. (2) Methods: We carried out a content analysis of interview data focused on the impact of pet dog ownership on sleep. The qualitative dataset comes from a subgroup of participants in a larger study examining the pain patient/canine relationship. This subgroup of participants from the larger study was asked, “Does your dog have a positive or negative impact on your sleep? ” The data were thematically coded using an iterative approach. (3) Findings: Codes included: companionship; physical presence/’cuddles’; routine/schedule; distraction from anxiety/worry at night; reassuring/protective presence; active intervention to keep participant safe; daytime activity to promote sleeping at night; and reciprocal concern for the sleep of the pet dog. (4) Conclusions: Pet dogs may play important roles in helping people with chronic pain achieve sleep onset and maintenance. Removing the dog to improved sleep could be counter-productive and lead to additional sleep-related issues.
Blockchain ‘ Smart Contracts ’ – A New Transactional Framework

With the growing buzz around blockchain technology, many organizations are in a race to position themselves as early adopters and leaders in the space. For these organizations, one of the more exciting blockchain applications is the promise of increased efficiency and reduced costs in the transacting process through so-called “smart contracts” – which are actually neither “smart” nor necessarily true legal contracts. Smart contracts are automated programs that encode transactional logic for self-execution and rely upon decentralized cryptographic methods to effectuate enforcement. Regardless of one's opinion of their name, or their legal status, smart contracts are garnering a significant amount of attention and investment due to their ability to radically transform the way parties transact with one another.
Statistical Functional Modeling of Quality Changes of Garlic under Different Storage Regimes

In this paper we analyze the weight loss behaviour of Mexican garlic under different storage conditions. Garlic is an important Mexican export product. Quality losses during storage are important to understand due to cost and sale opportunity implications. Weight losses profiles for each experimental conditions, represented as functions, are modeled by means of functional linear models and hypotheses tests are performed to compare treatments. Monte Carlo sampling version of permutation tests are used to obtain p-values. Using the functional approach clearly defined storage regimes that significantly decrease the speed of deterioration of the product relative to traditional Mexican agricultural practices.
Australasian ( ACIS ) December 2005 KM Governance-a research project in progress

The research in progress on which this paper reports seeks to address the issues of KM governance. The paper outlines a PhD project which aims at identifying and analysing forms of KM governance adopted by a range of organisations. The aim of this paper is to identify and contrast different KM governance configurations and to discuss the impact of KM governance configurations on the way knowledge management is approached in the organisations.