Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION PROTOCOLS IN SCIENCE LABORATORY LEARNING THROUGH ICT TECHNOLOGIES

Science Laboratory learning using ICT, evaluation protocol is an important part of quality of assurance and to provide feedback for teaching and learning. Virtual lab is widely used ICT technology for the last five years to asssit new faculties in sceince. In this study, we focuss the purpose of assement and raising various difficulties associated with current evaluation techniques in learning and teaching. Assessment is based on test which includes different types of questionnaire for undergraduate students (N=150). Index of learning is conducted among these students, identified reflective and non-reflective learners. From our results, it is difficult to assess student’s knowledge gained from traditional or virtual classroom environment from single questionnaire protocol, especially for Visual-Verbal aspects in MCQ approach. Essay type questionnaire and Yes/No questions, the method is constrained to find solutions. We also discuss dependable factors and its percentage affecting for different questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha value is high for descriptive type questionnaire rather than MCQ, which show internal consistency, is high for descriptive type. T-test is conducted for the variation from one type questionnaire with combination type questionnaire. Current evaluation method does not fulfill the actual goals and this will lead to even misleading the assessment criteria rather than what they gained.
Eutrophication Accelerates Carbonate Dissolution under High p CO 2 Condition in Coral Reef Ecosystem

Incubation experiments were carried out to determine the effect of eutrophication on carbonate dissolution under high p CO 2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) condition in coral reef ecosystem at Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. Short incubation (24 h under natural illumination) and long incubations (4 days under dark condition) were carried out using white coral skeleton (without attachment of living organism, control); natural rubble (with associated epilithic and endolithic communities) and natural rubble with addition of dissolve organic matter (glucose and coral mucus). Addition of DOM significantly enhanced bacterial abundance ( t -test; p=0.01) and net respiration ( t -test; p=0.0001) with increasing p CO 2 levels (p < 0.05) under natural illumination. Consistent with increase in respiration, dissolution rates also increased from 136.22±2.04 to 652.38±4.51 µmolm -2 d -1 . Under dark condition, where photosynthesis was inhibited, dissolution of calcium carbonate further increased with addition of different level of DOM. In addition of DOM incubation bottles, bacterial abundance increased by 3~4 orders of magnitude and the dissolution rates increased by 2.5~10 times more than the control. The results suggest that availability of organic matter in the reefs will enhance metabolic activities (respiration) of microbial communities associated with coral rubble which ultimately increase dissolution of calcium carbonate.
How frequent is natural cloud seeding from ice cloud layers ( < −35 °C) over Switzerland?

Abstract. Clouds and cloud feedbacks represent one of the largest uncertainties in climate projections. As the ice phase influences many key cloud properties and their lifetime, its formation needs to be better understood in order to improve climate and weather prediction models. Ice crystals sedimenting out of a cloud do not sublimate immediately but can survive certain distances and eventually fall into a cloud below. This natural cloud seeding can trigger glaciation and has been shown to enhance precipitation formation. However, to date, an estimate of its occurrence frequency is lacking. In this study, we estimate the occurrence frequency of natural cloud seeding over Switzerland from satellite data and sublimation calculations. We use the DARDAR (radar lidar) satellite product between April 2006 and October 2017 to estimate the occurrence frequency of multi-layer cloud situations, where a cirrus cloud at T < −35 ∘C can provide seeds to a lower-lying feeder cloud. These situations are found to occur in 31 % of the observations. Of these, 42 % have a cirrus cloud above another cloud, separated, while in 58 % the cirrus is part of a thicker cloud, with a potential for in-cloud seeding. Vertical distances between the cirrus and the lower-lying cloud are distributed uniformly between 100 m and 10 km. They are found to not vary with topography. Seasonally, winter nights have the most multi-layer cloud occurrences, in 38 % of the measurements. Additionally, in situ and liquid origin cirrus cloud size modes can be identified according to the ice crystal mean effective radius in the DARDAR data. Using sublimation calculations, we show that in a significant number of cases the seeding ice crystals do not sublimate before reaching the lower-lying feeder cloud. Depending on whether bullet rosette, plate-like or spherical crystals were assumed, 10 %, 11 % or 20 % of the crystals, respectively, could provide seeds after sedimenting 2 km. The high occurrence frequency of seeding situations and the survival of the ice crystals indicate that the seeder–feeder process and natural cloud seeding are widespread phenomena over Switzerland. This hints at a large potential for natural cloud seeding to influence cloud properties and thereby the Earth's radiative budget and water cycle, which should be studied globally. Further investigations of the magnitude of the seeding ice crystals' effect on lower-lying clouds are necessary to estimate the contribution of natural cloud seeding to precipitation.
Application of ethical leadership and workers’ performance: A perspectives from public and private owned enterprises

The main objective of the study was to determine the rationale of ethical leadership in public and privately-owned enterprises. It involved two public sectors and two private sector enterprises, which comprised 221 respondents from the staff and management of the enterprises as the sample size for the study. The survey research method was used in gathering information from respondents. A stratified sampling technique was adopted for the study. A validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The statistical techniques adopted for processing the data and testing the hypotheses for this study compared mean using independent t-test via the use of statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 2 1. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were used. The mean response was tested using a t-test. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in ethical leadership between the public and private enterprises given that the variables revealed thus (Sig. = .728, P> 0.05) and (Sig. .238, P> 0.05). The study concluded that the leadership of the public and private enterprise should have the ethical values, interpersonal qualities and capabilities to carry out the different tasks as needed by the organizations.
The role of brand experience in customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in Ayandeh Bank branches in Tehran

Many marketing executives are looking for a comprehensive plan for delivering quality services and products that will create a distinct and unforgettable long-term experience for customers when dealing with their brand. Various brand management experts believe that a company looking to enhance its brand experience in the minds of customers should have a plan to increase customer satisfaction as well as customer loyalty. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of brand experience in customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in Ayandeh Bank branches in Tehran. The study employed quantitative methodology. For data gathering, a questionnaire was utilised to measure all the variables of the research. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the customers of Ayandeh Bank branches in Tehran, and the study data was gathered from 400 respondents. The findings indicate that brand experience has a direct and meaningful impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty; furthermore, customer satisfaction has a direct and significant effect on customer loyalty, in the branches of Ayandeh Bank in Tehran. Key words: Bank, brand experience, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty.
Drag reduction of a blunt body through reconfiguration of rear flexible plates

We investigate the quasi-static reconfiguration of rear parallel flexible plates on the drag coefficient of a blunt body. The drag coefficient, plates deformation, and main features of the turbulent wake are characterized experimentally in a towing tank. It is found that increasing the flexibility of plates leads to an important drag reduction, induced by the progressive streamlining of the trailing edge due to plates deformation. The study of the Vogel exponent is adopted here to evaluate the limit on the potential drag reduction at large values of the Cauchy number, which is shown to be mainly caused by the growth in the vibrating amplitude response of plates. The plates deformation is analyzed by means of image processing, showing that their shapes mainly follow the first modal form of a cantilever beam deflection, although a slight concavity develops toward the plates tip for large Cauchy numbers. To further analyze this process, the empirical flow loading along the plates is estimated by a modified beam theory assuming a distributed load given by a power law. The experimental fitting shows that for large flexibility, the load diminishes at the rear tip. Besides, the progressive deformation of plates is shown to weaken the shedding of vortices and reduce the size of the recirculation bubble. Finally, an affine direct relationship between recirculation bubble aspect ratio and drag coefficient has been proposed in order to quantify the linkage between near wake modifications and hydrodynamic improvement provided by the trailing edge streamlining.
A Review on Oxygen Transfer Rate, Efficiency, Capacity and their Kinetic on Aeration System in Activated Sludge Process of Sewage Treatment Plant

The review is concerned with the transfer of oxygen from air to a wastewater subjected to biological aerobic treatment. Oxygen transfer from gaseous to the liquid phase, is a vital part of a number of wastewater treatment processes, such as activated sludge process which is totally depend on the availability of sufficient quantity of oxygen. This paper is a study of oxygen transfer rate, efficiency, capacity and their kinetics on aeration system. Apart from this the study shows how the sludge retention time and the oxygen uptake rate is depend on the temperature of wastewater of sewage treatment plant. The standard oxygen transfer rate is the decisive factor in the dimensioning of activated sludge process used in STP Plants. It depends on the required oxygen uptake rate by micro-organisms. This review discuss about the dependency of oxygen transfer rate on the temperature of wastewater.
Interactive Effects of Salinity and Chilling Stress on the Growth of the Two Forage Species Elephant Grass and Maize

During the winter season in various parts of Saudi Arabia, temperatures decrease up to 14°C, and water salinity levels are affected by irrigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of salinity stress and chilling temperature on plant growth, Fv/Fm, chlorophyll content and gas exchange in two forage species, Pennisetum purpureum and Zea mays. The treatments involved daytime/nighttime temperatures of 14/12°C (chilling temperature) and 24/22°C (optimum temperature) and 5 NaCl concentrations (0, 75, 150, 225, 300 mM). The findings showed that NaCl levels were higher and growth parameters and gas exchange of the two species lower at chilling temperature than at the optimum temperature. The optimum temperature did not induce any significant decrease in Fv/Fm values of P. purpureum at the different salinity treatments, while chilling temperature was significantly reduced the Fv/Fm values for both species at higher salinity. The chlorophyll content was higher at 24°C under increased salinity in P. purpureum. In addition, senescence occurred in Z. mays grown at 14°C and salinity concentrations of 225 and 300 mM within three weeks of emergence. The interaction between salinity and chilling temperature significantly affected most measurements of the two species; however, P. purpureum showed high resistance to stress. Therefore, the obtained results will be useful for agricultural application of P. purpureum as a reliable crop for saline lands under chilling temperature conditions.
Building a Document-Oriented Warehouse Using NoSQL

The traditional data warehousing approaches should adapt to take into consideration novel needs and data structures. In this context, NoSQL technology is progressively gaining a place in the research and industry domains. This paper proposes an approach for building a NoSQL document-oriented warehouse (DocW). This approach has two methods, namely 1) document warehouse builder and 2) NoSQL-Converter. The first method generates the DocW schema as a galaxy model whereas the second one translates the generated galaxy into a document-oriented NoSQL model. This relies on two types of rules: structure and hierarchical rules. Furthermore, in order to help understanding the textual results of analytical queries on the NoSQL-DocW, the authors define two semantic operators S-Drill-Up and S-Drill-Down to aggregate/expand the terms of query. The implementation of our proposals uses MangoDB and Talend. The experiment uses the medical collection Clef-2007 and two metrics called write request latency and read request latency to evaluate respectively the loading time and the response time to queries.
In vitro physiological effects of Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil treatment on human origin cell lines

: Origanum onites L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family which is commonly used for symptomatic treatment of the diseases of the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and respiratory systems in Turkish ethnobotanical studies and public. In this study our aim was to investigate the physiological effects of O. onites essential oil (OE) on A549 human lung cancer, MIA PaCa human pancreas cancer and HUVEC human endothelial cell lines. Our findings showed that O. onites OE treatment at all concentrations (4.79–191.6 µg/mL, 24 h) can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in A549 and MIA PaCa cell lines (P < 0.0001). Although ≤19.16 µg/mL OE treatment for 24 h did not inhibit cell proliferation in the HUVEC cell lines, higher concentrations of OE (≥38.32 µg/mL) significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Apoptotic cell counts were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in all cell lines at both incubation times (24 h 56.3 ± 7%, 48 h 53 ± 5% for A549, 24 h 44 ± 7%, 48 h 44.7 ± 7% for MIA PaCa, 24 h 48.7 ± 6%, 48 h 49.3 ± 5% for HUVEC). Migration rates were decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) (24 h 64 ± 6%, 48 h 67.2 ± 4% for A549, 24 h 49 ± 5%, 48 h 69.35 ± 5% for MIA PaCa, 24 h 47 ± 5%, 48 h 69.6 ± 2% for HUVEC). Based on these results, OE has been shown to have promising anticancer effects.
Development of Phet Simulation-Assisted Inquiry Model Learning in Elasticity Materials

Article Info Received : November 12th, 2020 Revised : April 2th, 2021 Accepted: April 6th, 2021 Abstract: This research aims to produce Phet simulation-assisted guided inquiry model learning devices on valid, effective, and practical elasticity materials. This research uses research and development (R&D methods with research models developed are 4D Models consisting of Define, design, development, and disseminate stage. Products from research in the form of syllabus, Learning Implementation Plan, Student Worksheet, and Instrument Learning Results Test. The results showed that 1) the validity results of the six validators using content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) calculations showed a value of 1 (very valid) for all developed products, 2) teacher and learner responses to learning referring to the guided incubation learning model assisted by Phet simulation is very practical, as well as 3) guided incubation learning model-assisted Phet simulation is effectively used in learning. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the development of learning devices is valid, effective, and practical.
Photocatalytic Activity of S-doped TiO2 Photocatalyst under Visible Light

In order to effectively utilize visible light in photocatalytic reactions, we have developed S-doped TiO2 particles. They show strong absorption for visible light and high activities for degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under irradiation at wavelengths longer than 440 nm. The oxidation state of the S atoms incorporated into the TiO2 particles is determined to be S6+ from the XPS spectra.
CO2 conversion by plasma technology: insights from modeling the plasma chemistry and plasma reactor design

In recent years there has been growing interest in the use of plasma technology for CO2 conversion. To improve this application, a good insight into the underlying mechanisms is of great importance. This can be obtained from modeling the detailed plasma chemistry in order to understand the chemical reaction pathways leading to CO2 conversion (either in pure form or mixed with another gas). Moreover, in practice, several plasma reactor types are being investigated for CO2 conversion, so in addition it is essential to be able to model these reactor geometries so that their design can be improved, and the most energy efficient CO2 conversion can be achieved. Modeling the detailed plasma chemistry of CO2 conversion in complex reactors is, however, very time-consuming. This problem can be overcome by using a combination of two different types of model: 0D chemical reaction kinetics models are very suitable for describing the detailed plasma chemistry, while the characteristic features of different reactor geometries can be studied by 2D or 3D fluid models. In the first instance the latter can be developed in argon or helium with a simple chemistry to limit the calculation time; however, the ultimate aim is to implement the more complex CO2 chemistry in these models. In the present paper, examples will be given of both the 0D plasma chemistry models and the 2D and 3D fluid models for the most common plasma reactors used for CO2 conversion in order to emphasize the complementarity of both approaches. Furthermore, based on the modeling insights, the paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of plasma-based CO2 conversion in different types of plasma reactors, as well as what is needed to make further progress in this field.
Characterization of the Groundwater within Regional Aquifers and Suitability Assessment for Various Uses and Purposes-Western Iraq

تم تقيم نوعية المياه الجوفية في الجزء الغربي من العراق على خط الطول '40 ° 40 من خلال اجراء التحليلات الفيزيائية والكيميائية لـ 64 عينة من المياه الجوفية والتي تم جمعها من ثمانية مقاطعات جيولوجية لغرض تحديد خصائص المياه الجوفية وتقييمها لمختلف الاستخدامات. تم تحضير نموذج الهيد وكيميائي ثنائي الابعاد بالاعتماد على التحليل المكاني الكمي والنوعي. تشير البيانات الهيدروجيوكيميائية إلى أن المياه المدروسة هي من أصل جوي وتكون مسؤولة عن الملوحة الواطئة والتي تتسق مع الترسبات تحت السطحية والحقائق الهيدروكيميائية. كشفت السحنات الجيوكيميائية ان كل من أزواج الايونات الموجبة والسالبة لم يتجاوز 50٪ وقد تواجد مزيج من الانواع المتعددة السائدة في المياه مثل ( Ca – Mg – Cl – HCO3 و Na + K – SO4 – Cl). لوحظ ان تركيز المتغيرات الكيميائية ناتجة عن عملية خلب واذابة الصخور الجيرية. رصدت زيادة المحتوى الملحي عند مناسيب المياه الساكنة مما يؤكد حالة المزج مع مصادر مياه اخرى بالإضافة الى ذلك لم يرصد أي تأثير للأنشطة البشرية على تغيرات جوهرية في الطبيعة الجيوكيميائية للمياه الجوفية في أنظمة الخزانات الجوفية. تصنف معظم المياه الجوفية ضمن فئة C3S1 و C2S1 مما يدل على أن المياه الصالحة جيدة النوعية تمثل 67 ٪ من مجموع العينات بينما تمثل 33٪ من العينات على أنها غير صالحة إلى غير صالحة للغاية. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان المياه الجوفية لمعظم طبقات المياه المدروسة يمكن استخدامها للأغراض الزراعية وشرب الحيوانات وفئة جيدة يمكن استخدامها لأنشطة المحميات الطبيعية. في حين يوصى باستخدام مياه خزانات مقاطعات 2 و6 و7 لأغراض الشرب البشري بالإضافة إلى ذلك يمكن استخدام المياه الجوفية داخل النظام الهيدروجيولوجي في الغلايات ذات الضغط المنخفض وعمليات التعدين والبناء بينما تكون غير آمنة في الغلايات ذات الضغط العالي بسبب ارتفاع العسرة الكلية (237 إلى 1456 ملغم / لتر). اشار معامل التآكل إلى أن 83٪ من المياه الجوفية المدروسة تعتبر آمنة للنقل الطويل عبر الأنابيب المعدنية.
Recent progress in development of efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

The human craving for energy is continually mounting and becoming progressively difficult to Gratify. At present, the world's massive energy demands are chiefly encountered by nonrenewable and benign fossil fuels. However, the development of dynamic energy cradles for a gradually thriving world to lessen fossil fuel reserve depletion and environmental concerns are persistent issues for society at present. The discovery of copious nonconventional resources to fill the gap between energy petition and supply is the extreme obligation of the modern era. A new emergent, clean, and robust alternate of fossil fuels are the fuel cells. Among the different types of fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells are an outstanding option for light‐duty vehicles and portable devices. A critical tactic for striving and sustainable energy sources is the production of highly proficient, economical, and green catalysts for energy storage and conversion devices. Up till now a broad range of research work is available to use Pt and modify Pt‐based electrocatalysts to augment the CH3OH oxidation process. Platinum‐based nanocubes, nanorods, nanoflower, hybrids of Pt with metal‐oxides such as Fe2O3, TiO2, SnO2, MnO, Cu2O, ZnO, and with conducting polymers are extensively utilized in both acidic and basic media. Moreover, Pd‐based materials, transition metal‐based materials as well as MOF and MOF‐derived materials are also the point of interest for researchers nowadays. However, the problem associated with their practical applications is that they can be effectively employed in basic media due to comparative less stability in acidic medium. This review article will deliver a broad vision of the current progress of the MOR process concerning noble metals, transition metals, and MOF‐based materials.
Magnetic HMS silica as a Support to Immobilization of Catalysts Based on Cationic Manganese Porphyrins

The immobilization of cationic manganese porphyrins (MnP) over the surface of a magnetic hexagonal HMS silica (HMS-Mag) produced a solid with high surface area and relatively homogeneous pores. Given the presence of the magnetite, the catalysts are easily recovered and reused without loss of mass. The MnP immobilization explored the strong interaction between the positive charges of the cationic MnP and the deprotonated Si-OH groups on the surface of HMS-Mag. Soret bands on the UV-Vis spectra of the MnP-loaded HMS-Mag confirmed the presence of MnP on the prepared solids. The catalytic efficiency, robustness, and reusability of the prepared solids were investigated on cis-cyclooctene and cyclohexane oxidations. The solids showed similar or higher catalytic efficiency than the corresponding MnP under homogeneous catalysis, with selectivity for cyclohexanol in cyclohexane oxidation. Additionally, the solid catalysts showed high resistance against deactivation, confirming the reusability capacity in at least five cycles of cyclooctene oxidation.