Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A General Strategy for Stretchable Microwave Antenna Systems using Serpentine Mesh Layouts

Wireless functionality is essential for the implementation of wearable systems, but its adaptation in stretchable electronic systems has had limited success. In this paper, the electromagnetic properties of stretchable serpentine mesh‐based systems is studied, and this general strategy is used to produce high‐performance stretchable microwave systems. Stretchable mechanics are enabled by converting solid metallic sections in conventional systems to subwavelength‐scale serpentine meshes, followed by bonding to an elastomeric substrate. Compared to prior implementations of serpentine meshes in microwave systems, this conversion process is extended to arbitrary planar layouts, including those containing curvilinear shapes. A detailed theoretical analysis is also performed and a natural tradeoff is quantified between the stretching mechanics and microwave performance of these systems. To explore the translation of these concepts from theory to experiment, two types of stretchable microwave devices are fabricated and characterized: a stretchable far‐field dipole antenna for communications and a stretchable midfield phased surface for the wireless powering of biomedical implanted devices.
The "Fundamental Transformation" in Macroeconomics

When factors enter into joint-production, they typically develop a degree of specificity with respect to each other. It is well known that, when combined with contracting difficulties, specificity gives rise to a Williamsonian 'Fundamental Transformation' from an ex-ante competitive relationship to an ex-post bilateral monopoly. The macroeconomic consequences of widespread specificity are far-reaching. Specificity results in misallocation, underutilization, and unemployment of the economy's productive factors; it hampers growth by depressing the incentives to replace what is outdated and to fully utilize the economy's resources; it disrupts macroeconomic adjustment by inducing a wedge between timid creation and excessive destruction of the old system; and it exacerbates downturns by `elastifying' the cyclical response of inelastic factors.
The Demand for Electricity in Pakistan

This paper examines the patterns of electricity demand in Pakistan over the period 1970–2006 using autoregressive distributed lag technique to cointegration. Long run and short-run price and income elasticities are examined for the national level and for the three major consumer's categories—households, industry and agriculture. The overall results suggest that income and price elasticities possess expected signs at aggregate and disaggregate levels in the long run as well as in the short run. The error correction terms possess expected negative signs and are highly significant with reasonable magnitudes. Furthermore, the estimated long run and short-run electricity demand functions remains stable over the sample period. The results thus convey important information to the agents operating in the electricity market regarding the pricing policies and helps in planning the future strategy of electricity demand management.
Partisan Representation in Confirmation Politics

Do senators respond to the preferences of their state’s median voter or only to the preferences of their co-partisans? We study responsiveness using roll call votes on ten recent Supreme Court nominations. We build on recent advances in multilevel modeling to develop a method for estimating state-level public opinion broken down by partisanship. We find that senators respond more powerfully to their partisan base when casting such roll call votes. Indeed, when their state median voter and party median voter disagree, senators strongly favor the latter. This has significant implications for the study of legislative responsiveness, the role of public opinion in shaping the personnel of the nation’s highest court, and the degree to which we should expect the Supreme Court to be counter-majoritarian. The methodological approach we present here can be applied elsewhere to estimate opinion by state and partisan group, or by many other typologies, so as to study other important questions of democratic responsiveness and performance.
Sedimentation Profiles and Dynamics of Brownian Colloidal Suspensions

Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to image a thin sediment of Brownian colloidal spheres in 3 dimensions as a function of time. Using IDL image processing techniques we were able to calculate the equation of state for this system as well as the diffusive properties as a function of height in the sediment all from particle positions in 3 dimensions and time. It was shown that there is deviation from the Carnahan-Starling equation of state for the thin sediment, disagreeing with reults found in bulk experiments. A study of the diffusion as a function of height shows different trends for lateral and vertical diffusion in the different phase regions of the sample, which solidify the result that the deviation from hard-spheres is real.
Multiple UAV Systems for Agricultural Applications: Control, Implementation, and Evaluation

The introduction of multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems into agriculture causes an increase in work efficiency and a decrease in operator fatigue. However, systems that are commonly used in agriculture perform tasks using a single UAV with a centralized controller. In this study, we develop a multi-UAV system for agriculture using the distributed swarm control algorithm and evaluate the performance of the system. The performance of the proposed agricultural multi-UAV system is quantitatively evaluated and analyzed through four experimental cases: single UAV with autonomous control, multiple UAVs with autonomous control, single UAV with remote control, and multiple UAVs with remote control. Moreover, the performance of each system was analyzed through seven performance metrics: total time, setup time, flight time, battery consumption, inaccuracy of land, haptic control effort, and coverage ratio. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the multi-UAV system is significantly superior to the single-UAV system.
Do Value Stocks Earn Higher Returns than Growth Stocks in an Emerging Market? Evidence from Istanbul Stock Exchange

We have studied the comparison of returns between value and growth, and between small and big portfolios for an emerging market, Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). We show that growth portfolios have superior performance over value portfolios. Thus, our results do not confirm the evidence from most developed and emerging markets. Moreover, inconsistent with the evidence from the developed market, monthly and annually small-big portfolio spreads are in favour of big stocks. These results reflect that the structure of the market and the fundamental of stocks traded in the ISE differ from markets around the world. Time series regression results show that the average returns on value and growth portfolios are not sensitive to market movements. Size and B/M risk factors along with market risk premium produce better descriptions of the returns on value and growth portfolios.
The Potential Value of Targeting Ferroptosis in Early Brain Injury After Acute CNS Disease

Acute central nervous system (CNS) disease is very common and with high mortality. Many basic studies have confirmed the molecular mechanism of early brain injury (EBI) after acute CNS disease. Neuron death and dysfunction are important reasons for the neurological dysfunction in patients with acute CNS disease. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death, the classical characteristic of which is based on the iron-dependent accumulation of toxic lipid reactive oxygen species. Previous studies have indicated that this mechanism is critical in the cell death events observed in many diseases, including cancer, tumor resistance, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Ferroptosis may also play a very important role in EBI after acute CNS disease. Unresolved issues include the relationship between ferroptosis and other forms of cell death after acute CNS disease, the specific molecular mechanisms of EBI, the strategies to activate or inhibit ferroptosis to achieve desirable attenuation of EBI, and the need to find new molecular markers of ferroptosis that can be used to detect and study this process in vivo after acute CNS disease.
Under Glass Weathering of Hemp Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Biocomposites: Degradation Mechanisms Based on Emitted Volatile Organic Compounds

The durability of hemp fibers reinforced polypropylene biocomposites was investigated after one year under glass exposure. Volatile organic compounds emissions were assessed using a new passive sampling method. Degradation pathways were examined in order to understand the weathering mechanisms. The polymer matrix was decomposed into oxygenated products due to UV rays and high temperatures. As regards hemp fibers, different degradation steps of the carbohydrates were highlighted according to the nature of the detected furans. At a non-weathered state, dehydrations preceded the ring-opening mechanism, often catalyzed by Maillard reactions. The further cyclization induced the formation of 2- or 5-substituted furans emitted by non-weathered materials. Reactions between identified products after weathering which were not yet found in literature were proposed in this paper. They often implied a keto-enol tautomerism but also dehydrations that induced the formation of 3- and 4-substituted furanones. These differences can be explained by a primary decomposition of carbohydrates favored at a non-weathered state and a secondary one occurring at a weathered state.
The Case for Responsible Parties DAN BERNHARDT

Electoral platform convergence is perceived unfavorably by both the popular press and many academic scholars. Arguably, to paraphrase, “it does not provide enough choice” between candidates. This article provides a formal account of the perceived negative effects of platform convergence. We show that when parties do not know voters’ preferences precisely, all voters ex ante prefer some platform divergence to convergence at the ex ante median. After characterizing the unique symmetric equilibrium of competition between responsible (policy-motivated) parties, we conclude that all voters ex ante prefer responsible parties to opportunistic (purely office-motivated) ones when parties are sufficiently ideologically polarized that platforms diverge, but not so polarized that they diverge excessively. However, greater polarization increases the scope for office benefits as an instrument for institutional design. We calculate the socially optimal level of platform divergence and show that office benefits can be used to achieve this first-best outcome, if parties are sufficiently ideologically polarized.
Plasma waves associated with the first AMPTE magnetotail barium release. Progress report for 1986

Plasma waves observed during a magnetotail barium release are described. Electron plasma oscillations provided local measurements of the plasma oscillations provided local measurements of the plasma density during both the expansion and decay phases. Immediately after the explosion the electron density reached a peak of about -400000/cc, and then started decreasing approximately as (t to the -2.4th power as the cloud expanded. About 6 minutes after the explosion the electron density suddenly began to increase, reached a secondary peak of about -240, and then slowly decayed down to the pre-event level over a period of about 15 minutes. The density increase is believed to be caused by the collapsed of the ion cloud into the diamagnetic cavity created by the initial expansion. The plasma-wave intensities observed during the entire event were quite low. In the diamagnetic-cavity electrostatic emissions were observed near the barium ion plasma frequency, and in another band at lower frequencies. A broadband burst of electrostatic noise was also observed at the boundary of the diamagnetic cavity. Except for electron plasma oscillations, no significant wave activity was observed outside of the diamagnetic cavity.
Characterizing the BCG Induced Macrophage and Neutrophil Mechanisms for Defense Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) is a potent innate immune stimulator. In the C57BL/6 mouse model of tuberculosis, BCG vaccination leads to a significant reduction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis burden after aerogenic infection. Our studies indicated that BCG induced protection against pulmonary tuberculosis was independent of T cells and present as early as 7 days after vaccination. This protection showed longevity, as it did not wane when conventional T cell and TNF-α deficient mice were infected 30 days post-vaccination. As BCG induced mycobacterial killing after 7 days, this study investigated the contributions of the innate immune system after BCG vaccination to better understand mechanisms required for mycobacterial killing. Subcutaneous BCG inoculation resulted in significant CD11b+F4/80+ monocyte subset recruitment into the lungs within 7 days. Further studies revealed that killing of mycobacteria was dependent on the viability of BCG, because irradiated BCG did not have the same effect. Although others have identified BCG as a facilitator of trained innate immunity, we found that BCG reduced the mycobacterial burden in the absence of mechanisms required for trained innate immunity, highlighting a role for macrophages and neutrophils for vaccine induced killing of M. tuberculosis.
EEG Slowing and Axial Motor Impairment Are Independent Predictors of Cognitive Worsening in a Three-Year Cohort of Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the combination of two parameters: (a) score of axial impairment and limb rigidity (SAILR) with (b) EEG global relative median power in the frequency range theta 4–8 Hz (GRMPT) predicted cognitive outcome in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) better than each of these measures alone. Methods: 47 non-demented patients with PD were examined and re-examined after 3 years. At both time-points, the patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological and neurological assessment and EEG in eyes-closed resting-state condition. The results of cognitive tests were normalized and individually summarized to obtain a “global cognitive score” (GCS). Change of GCS was used to represent cognitive changes over time. GRMPT and SAILR was used for further analysis. Linear regression models were calculated. Results: GRMPT and SAILR independently predicted cognitive change. Combination of GRMPT and SAILR improved the significance of the regression model as compared to using each of these measures alone. GRMPT and SAILR only slightly correlate between each other. Conclusion: The combination of axial signs and rigidity with quantitative EEG improves early identification of patients with PD prone to severe cognitive decline. GRMPT and SAILR seem to reflect different disease mechanisms. Significance Combination of EEG and axial motor impairment assessment may be a valuable marker in the cognitive prognosis of PD.
WIMPs at the galactic center

Simple models of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) predict dark matter annihilations into pairs of electroweak gauge bosons, Higgses or tops, which through their subsequent cascade decays produce a spectrum of gamma rays. Intriguingly, an excess in gamma rays coming from near the Galactic center has been consistently observed in Fermi data. A recent analysis by the Fermi collaboration confirms these earlier results. Taking into account the systematic uncertainties in the modelling of the gamma ray backgrounds, we show for the first time that this excess can be well fit by these final states. In particular, for annihilations to (WW, ZZ, hh, tt̄), dark matter with mass between threshold and approximately (165, 190, 280, 310) GeV gives an acceptable fit. The fit range for bb̄ is also enlarged to 35 GeV ≲ mχ ≲ 165 GeV. These are to be compared to previous fits that concluded only much lighter dark matter annihilating into b, τ, and light quark final states could describe the excess. We demonstrate that simple, well-motivated models of WIMP dark matter including a thermal-relic neutralino of the MSSM, Higgs portal models, as well as other simplified models can explain the excess.
Wage Differential in Brazil: A Survey

A distinguish aspect of Brazilian labor market is the enormous wage differentials. In this paper we present a survey about wage differentials determination in Brazil covering articles that deals with wage equation estimations. We report results for roughly 50 articles which covers the relation between wages and the following determinants: Education, tenure, race, gender, activity sector, occupation status (formal versus informal), ownership type of the establishment, region and union membership.
Deriving “ General Principles ” : The ubiquity of equilibrium and comparative statics analysis in the works of Adam Smith

This paper contributes to the debate over the unity in Smith's corpus by emphasizing his pervasive use of an analytic method. Specifically, Smith consistently relies on equilibrium arguments to explain why a given pattern of economic, political, or social interaction is stable; and comparative static arguments to explain how a stable pattern changes. Our paper focuses on several examples central to his work: the political economics of development in the Wealth of Nations and the Lectures on Jurisprudence; the learning and of and adherence to moral norms in the Theory of Moral Sentiments; and the development and evolution of language in Smith’s essay on the “First Formation of Languages. ” We argue that Smith’s analysis of patterns of central tendencies and “general rules”—equilibria—and the conditions under which those rules change are defining features of his “science of man. ” Not only do they anticipate analytic modes in modern social science, Smith’s use of equilibrium and comparative statics arguments demonstrates how his approach to social science was exportable and applicable to many realms of human behavior beyond economics.
Altruism, Egoism and Other Social Sciences in the Economy: Experiments and empirical Evidences (ALTRU�?SMO E EGO�?SMO NA ECONOMIA E EM OUTRAS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS: EXPERIMENTOS E EVIDÊNCIAS EMP�?RICAS)

This article analyses the literature on altruism produced in economics (and also in psychology and socio-biology). Altruism is generally regarded as behaviour alternative to self-interest pursuit. Selfish behaviour, as assumed by traditional economic models, is contested by a vast series of empirical and experimental observations. As a result, different accounts have been produced to explain altruistic behaviour. The idea of cultural or biological selection plays a key role among them, involving elements as various as emotions, uncertainty, rationality and cognitive processes. The aim of the article is to provide a survey of the current standings on the issue of which assumption, the selfishness or the altruistic treat of human behavior, is the most apposite to economic studies, and whether or not they can both stand together in the field.
Investor Overconfidence , Firm Value , and Corporate Decisions

Behavioral theory predicts that investor overconfidence causes overpricing because overconfident investors overestimate the precision of their information and underestimate risk. We test this prediction by using a measure of investor overconfidence derived from the characteristics and holdings of U.S. equity mutual fund managers. We find that firms with more overconfident investors are relatively overvalued based on M/B and two misvaluation measures. The impact of investor overconfidence on firm value is stronger among stocks with greater arbitrage risk. Furthermore, firms with more overconfident investors issue more equity and make more investments. Overall, our findings suggest that investor overconfidence has a significant impact on firm value and corporate decisions.
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH INTERESTS

One of the most prominent combinatorial set theorist was James Baumgartner. In a review of a book on combinatorial set theory (see [1]) he compares the subject to axiomatic set theory: “Combinatorial set theory is frequently distinguished from axiomatic set theory, although the distinction is becoming less and less clear all the time. If there is a difference, it is more one of method than substance. Axiomatic set theory uses the tools of mathematical logic, such as the method of ultrapowers and the theory of forcing and generic sets, while the methods of combinatorial set theory are purely “combinatorial” in nature. In practice, an argument or result is “combinatorial” if it is not overtly model-theoretic, topological, or measure-theoretic. ” I am primarily interested in the connections between axiomatic set and combinatorial set theory. It is often the case that the connections between these two subjects are modeltheoretic, topological and measure-theoretic in character. One object of study which bridges the two fields is the notion of an ultrafilter.
CAD Integrated Multipoint Adjoint-Based Optimization of a Turbocharger Radial Turbine

The adjoint method is considered as the most efficient approach to compute gradients with respect to an arbitrary number of design parameters. However, one major challenge of adjoint-based shape optimization methods is the integration into a computer-aided design (CAD) workflow for practical industrial cases. This paper presents an adjoint-based framework that uses a tailored shape parameterization to satisfy geometric constraints due to mechanical and manufacturing requirements while maintaining the shape in a CAD representation. The system employs a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm and in-house developed libraries for the CAD and grid generation as well as a 3D Navier–Stokes flow and adjoint solver. The developed method is applied to a multipoint optimization of a turbocharger radial turbine aiming at maximizing the total-to-static efficiency at multiple operating points while constraining the output power and the choking mass flow of the machine. The optimization converged in a few design cycles in which the total-to-static efficiency could be significantly improved over a wide operating range. Additionally, the imposed aerodynamic constraints with strict convergence tolerances are satisfied and several geometric constraints are inherently respected due to the parameterization of the turbine. In particular, radial fibered blades are used to avoid bending stresses in the turbine blades due to centrifugal forces. The methodology is a step forward towards robustness and consistency of gradient-based optimization for practical industrial cases, as it maintains the optimal shape in CAD representation. As shown in this paper, this avoids shape approximations and allows manufacturing constraints to be included.