Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Equivalence in Seed Dispersal Effectiveness of Podocarpus parlatorei in Andean Fruit-Eating Bird Assemblages

Most fleshy-fruited plants establish strong local interactions with a few fruit-eating species across their distribution range, which can differ among sites and have a major impact for the plant population dynamics. In turn, human disturbances alter both the original animal assemblage with which plants interact and the outcome of the mutualistic interaction. Negative consequences of human disturbances can be weakened when different seed dispersers exert similar effects on plant populations, being functionally equivalent. To understand the consequences of variability in seed dispersers on the recruitment of a long-lived tree species, I assessed changes in the assemblages of avian dispersers of Podocarpus parlatorei in subtropical Andean cloud-forests, and how these changes affect the outcome of the interaction at different spatial scales. The seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) concept, defined as the likelihood of a seed removed by a fruit-eating bird to be dispersed to a suitable site for seed survival and germination, provides the framework to compare the contributions of different birds to seed dispersal. I compared the SDE in two old-growth forests dominated by P. parlatorei and a human disturbed forest, and in the main habitat types of these sites. In all sites, highest SDE values were provided by "gulpers" that swallow the whole fleshy cone ("fruit"), predominantly Elaenia and Turdus species. SDE was highest in forest edges and secondary forests, and negligible in other habitats. Equivalence in SDE was relatively low both within and between forest sites. Human forest disturbance modified the functional equivalence, the generalization in mutualistic interactions and the strength of SDE. Secondary forests showed the higher SDE and the greater richness of dispersers high in SDE; as a consequence, the ecological equivalence increased in the most suitable habitat for recruitment. This could lead to greater resilience of plant populations to local extinctions of dispersers, and allows the recovery of human disturbed forests. This study shows that in the replacement of functional equivalent species, the outcomes of the interactions are strongly affected by disperser abundance and habitat use, at the expense of dispersers' trait redundancy on plant population dynamics and community structure.
Properties of human brain sodium channel α‐subunits expressed in HEK293 cells and their modulation by carbamazepine, phenytoin and lamotrigine

Voltage‐activated Na+ channels contain one distinct α‐subunit. In the brain NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3 and NaV1.6 are the four most abundantly expressed α‐subunits. The antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) carbamazepine, phenytoin and lamotrigine have voltage‐gated Na+ channels as their primary therapeutic targets. This study provides a systematic comparison of the biophysical properties of these four α‐subunits and characterizes their interaction with carbamazepine, phenytoin and lamotrigine.
Clinical severity of Norwalk virus and Sapporo virus gastroenteritis in children in Hokkaido, Japan

Objective. To clarify the clinical significance and etiologic impact of Norwalk virus (NV) and Sapporo virus (SV) in viral gastroenteritis in Japanese children. Study design. Two outbreaks each of NV gastroenteritis and SV gastroenteritis occurring in an infant home in Sapporo, Japan, as well as 95 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis were retrospectively evaluated using a 0- to 20-point clinical severity scoring system. Result. The mean severity scores for NV and SV gastroenteritis outbreaks were 7.9 and 5.2, respectively, as compared with 8.4 for rotavirus A gastroenteritis that occurred in the same infant home. Among 95 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus A was detected in 47% followed by NV in 18%. SV was not found. Conclusion. Our data indicate that NV can cause severe gastroenteritis and is an important etiologic agent in hospitalized cases, whereas SV causes mild gastroenteritis in Japanese children.
An integrative review of parent satisfaction with care provided in the neonatal intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE To synthesize findings from the published empirical literature on parent satisfaction with care provided in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, the Cochrane Library, and the Campbell Library were searched for relevant research dating from January 1990 to the beginning of October 2011. The reference lists of all studies were reviewed and the personal files of the authors were also searched for relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION Twelve studies (nine quantitative descriptive, two qualitative descriptive, and one mixed methods) were identified that met the review inclusion criteria. Only studies written in English were selected. DATA EXTRACTION Whittemore and Knafl's methodology for integrative reviews guided the data extraction and subsequent analysis. Studies meeting the review inclusion criteria were analyzed sequentially. Data were extracted and organized under the following headings: author, year, and country; study purpose and design; sample size and setting; study variables and data collection; study findings; and limitations. DATA SYNTHESIS Studies examining parent satisfaction with the care provided in the NICU were synthesized under four main themes: (a) parents' degree of satisfaction with care, (b) factors associated with parents' satisfaction with care, (c) elements of care parents view as important, and (d) discrepancies between parent expectations and actual ratings of care. CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of parents were highly satisfied with the care they and their infants received in the NICU. However, other evidence points to less-than-optimal NICU care that is not meeting parents' expectations. These findings provide some direction as to what is important and satisfying to parents whose children must reside in the NICU. However, given the quality and dearth of the evidence, gaps remain in our understanding, and additional, more rigorous research is needed.
Experimental Evaluation of Eigenbeam MIMO-OFDM Implemented in FPGA for Wireless LAN

This paper describes the experimental performance of eigenbeam multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems as measured in a testbed implemented with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The testbed offers 1/5-scale real time signal processing. Extensive experiments on the testbed confirm the basic operation and performance of eigenbeam MIMO-OFDM with 16QAM. From the PER performance, we confirm that the eigenbeam scheme with permutation matrix and three transmit antennas (Mt = 3) drastically improves the required carrier-to-noise power ratio (CNR) by approximately 5.6 dB over the scheme without eigenbeam with Mt = 2. Furthermore, to determine the impact of Doppler frequency, we focus on the transmission interval between the MIMO channel estimation and data transmission. To suppress the required CNR degradation to within 1.5 dB, it is found that the eigenbeam scheme with permutation matrix and Mt= 3 permits a transmission interval of approximately 15.5 ms when fd = 5 Hz
The Role of Leader Influence Tactics and Safety Climate in Engaging Employees' Safety Participation

This study examines the effect of leader influence tactics on employee safety participation in a U.K.‐based manufacturing organization, examining the role of safety climate as a mediator. Structural equation modeling showed that leader influence tactics associated with a transformational leadership style had significant relationships with safety participation that were partially mediated by the safety climate (consultation) or fully mediated by the safety climate (inspirational appeals). In addition, leader influence tactics associated with a transactional leadership style had significant relationships with safety participation: rational persuasion (partially mediated by safety climate) and coalition tactics (direct effect). Thus, leaders may encourage safety participation using a combination of influence tactics, based on rational arguments, involvement in decision making, and generating enthusiasm for safety. The influence of building trust in managers is discussed as an underlying mechanism in this relationship. Practical implications are highlighted, including the design of leadership development programs, which may be particularly suited to high‐reliability organizations.
Incorporation and differentiation of hippocampus-derived neural stem cells transplanted in injured adult rat retina.

PURPOSE In a previous study it has been shown that adult rat hippocampus-derived neural stem cells can be successfully transplanted into neonatal retinas, where they differentiate into neurons and glia, but they cannot be transplanted into adult retinas. In the current study, the effect of mechanical injury to the adult retina on the survival and differentiation of the grafted hippocampal stem cells was determined. METHODS Mechanical injury was induced in the adult rat retina by a hooked needle. A cell suspension (containing 90,000 neural stem cells) was slowly injected into the vitreous space. The specimens were processed for immunohistochemical studies at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the transplantation. RESULTS In the best case, incorporation of grafted stem cells was seen in 50% of the injured retinas. Most of these cells located from the ganglion cell layer through the inner nuclear layer close to the injury site. Immunohistochemically, at 1 week, more than half of the grafted cells expressed nestin. At 4 weeks, some grafted cells showed immunoreactivity for microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2ab, MAP5, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), suggesting progress in differentiation into cells of neuronal and astroglial lineages. However, they showed no immunoreactivity for HPC-1, calbindin, and rhodopsin, which suggests that they did not differentiate into mature retinal neurons. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the formation of synapse-like structures between graft and host cells. CONCLUSIONS By the manipulation of mechanical injury, the incorporation and subsequent differentiation of the grafted stem cells into neuronal and glial lineage, including the formation of synapse-like structures, can be achieved, even in the adult rat retina.
On the mutual information as a fitness landscape measure

Fitness landscape analysis plays an important role in both theoretical and practical perspectives when using evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, we develop a new measure based on the mutual information paradigm and we show how it can help to deduce further information about the fitness landscape. In order to validate it as a valuable source of information when conducting fitness landscape analysis, we investigate its properties on a well-known benchmark suite. Moreover, we investigate the usefulness of the obtained information when choosing crossover operators. Finally, we show that when using our new measure, a number of classifiers can be constructed that offer an improved accuracy.
Dydrogesterone has no effect on uterine fibroids when used to prevent miscarriage in pregnant women with uterine fibroids.

OBJECTIVES To analyse the effect of dydrogesterone use during pregnancy on uterine fibroids, pregnancy complications, and pregnancy outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS In all, 372 pregnant women with uterine fibroids who were treated at the Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Shandong University were included in this study. Thirty-three of these women received dydrogesterone and constituted the treatment group, and the 27 women who were found to have uterine fibroids during the first trimester but did not receive intervention to prevent miscarriage composed the control group. The changes in uterine fibroids before and after pregnancy and the pregnancy complications were recorded; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) and proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins in the uterine fibroid tissue. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the change in uterine fibroid volume during pregnancy between the treatment group and the control group (p > 0.05). The percentage of uterine fibroids with red degeneration was lower in the treatment group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. No significant difference was observed in newborn weight, height, Apgar score, threatened miscarriage, or premature birth, among other characteristics, between the two groups (p > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed no significant difference in the expression of PR, cyclinD1, insulin-like growth factor (IGF1), or B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of dydrogesterone during pregnancy has no significant effect on uterine fibroids, pregnancy progression, or pregnancy outcomes in pregnant patients with uterine fibroids.
Real-time lane-vehicle detection and tracking system

Leading vehicle localization is the key part of intelligent driving system. This paper presents a novel and effective lane-vehicle detection and tracking system to achieve real-time and robust leading vehicle localization. The system is composed of (i) lane detection and tracking, (ii) sky and road region recognition, (iii) vehicle detection and tracking. First, lane detection and sky and road recognition are performed to reduce the possible region of leading vehicle. Then vehicle detection is applied to get all vehicles in per image. Combined with ROI information, leading vehicle is accurately localized. Finally, vehicle tracking is used to make the whole system more fast and robust. The core part of the whole system is vehicle detection. A novel and effective method based on convolutional neural networks is used to achieve high-quality and real-time vehicle detection. The experimental results validate the effectiveness and robustness of our algorithm. In addition, our system runs at real-time of 10 frames per second.
Self-management education and regular practitioner review for adults with asthma.

BACKGROUND A key component of many asthma management guidelines is the recommendation for patient education and regular medical review. A number of controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of asthma education programmes. These programmes improve patient knowledge, but their impact on health outcomes is less well established. This review was conducted to examine the strength of evidence supporting Step 6 of the Australian Asthma Management Plan: "Educate and Review Regularly"; to test whether health outcomes are influenced by education and self-management programmes. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of asthma self-management programmes, when coupled with regular health practitioner review, on health outcomes in adults with asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of self-management education in adults over 16 years of age with asthma. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial quality was assessed and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Study authors were contacted for confirmation. MAIN RESULTS Thirty six trials, which compared self-management education with usual care, were included. Self-management education reduced hospitalisations (relative risk 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.82); emergency room visits (relative risk 0.82, 95% confidence interval (0.73 to 0.94); unscheduled visits to the doctor (relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.81); days off work or school (relative risk 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.93); nocturnal asthma (relative risk 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.0.56 to 0.79); and quality of life (standard mean difference 0.29, confidence interval 0.11 to 0.47). Measures of lung function were little changed. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Education in asthma self-management which involves self-monitoring by either peak expiratory flow or symptoms, coupled with regular medical review and a written action plan improves health outcomes for adults with asthma. Training programmes that enable people to adjust their medication using a written action plan appear to be more effective than other forms of asthma self-management.
Year : 2008 Subintimal Ki-67 as a synovial tissue biomarker for inflammatory

OBJECTIVES: Ki-67 is expressed in the nuclei of dividing cells and can be used to assess proliferation of synovial inflammatory and stromal cells. We evaluated subintimal Ki-67+ cell density as a tissue biomarker for inflammatory arthropathies and compared it to subintimal CD68, a synovial biomarker of RA. METHODS: Subintimal Ki-67+ and CD68+ cell densities were measured immunohistochemically in synovial specimens obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 19), osteoarthritis (OA; n = 18), "non-inflammatory" orthopaedic arthropathies (avascular necrosis, meniscus injury, femur fracture; n = 16), chronic septic arthritis (n = 9), and histologically normal synovium (n = 10). RESULTS: were correlated with a histological synovitis score. Utilising the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), we compared the abilities of Ki-67 and CD68 to differentiate among these arthropathies. Results: Ki-67 was expressed widely in the subintimal of inflamed specimens and in RA pannus invading hard tissues. Compared to normal controls, it was highly overexpressed in RA (26.6-fold) and chronic septic arthritis (55-fold), and mildly elevated in OA (3.9-fold) and orthopaedic arthropathies (2.1-fold). Ki-67 and CD68 differentiated similarly well between RA and OA (AUC: Ki-67 = 0.91, CD68 = 0.94), Ki-67 better between chronic septic arthritis and RA, and CD68 better between OA and normal controls. Ki-67 (r = 0.80) and CD68 (r = 0.79) correlated positively with the synovitis score. CONCLUSIONS: Subintimal Ki-67 was overexpressed in inflammatory arthropathies, distinguished among differentially inflamed arthropathies, and correlated positively with the histological severity of synovitis. It may prove useful in synovial tissue classification and as a synovial marker of disease activity in clinical trials when biopsies are available. doi:10.1136/ard.2007. 07167
Ionizing Radiation Effect on Ferroelectric Nonvolatile Memories and Its Dependence on the Irradiation Temperature

We investigate ferroelectric random access memories subjected to X-ray and proton irradiations. We address the radiation damage dependence on irradiation temperature, its stability during annealing and cycling, and the effects of supply voltage and packaging. The radiation damage strongly depends on the irradiation temperature. Immediately after proton or X-ray irradiation, we detect only stuck bits without data corruption, at least at doses up to 9 Mrad(Si) at room temperature. The radiation damage anneals in time as long as several weeks, and the recovery rate is accelerated by either electrical cycling or high temperature annealing. The radiation tolerance is much higher if the device is irradiated unpowered. Finally, we present a degradation model that accounts for the irradiation temperature dependence.
Beneficial Effects of Combined Exercise Training on Early Recovery Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Indices in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

PURPOSE: Exercise training induces several beneficial effects in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study investigated the effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (AIT) compared with combined AIT and strength training (COM) on early ventilatory and metabolic recovery pattern after symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in CHF patients. METHODS: Stable CHF patients (N = 42; 54 ± 10 years [mean ± SD], 35 males) participated in an exercise training program for 12 weeks, 3 times per week. Participants were randomly assigned to either AIT (n = 20) or COM group (n = 22). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed before and after completion of the program. Primary measurements included absolute and percentage difference of oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, minute ventilation ( E), tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate, and the first-degree slope of oxygen uptake ( O2/t slope) and carbon dioxide output ( CO2/t slope) during the first minute of recovery after maximal exercise. RESULTS: The COM group had a greater improvement in the absolute and the percentage difference of E (P = .03 and P = .04, respectively) and respiratory rate (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively) during the first minute of recovery period after exercise compared with the AIT group alone. No significant changes were noted for VT measurements. A significant increase in CO2/t slope was observed in COM compared with the AIT group (P = .01). There was a trend for a greater increase in O2/t slope in the COM group (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of strength training to AIT induces significant beneficial effects in terms of ventilatory and metabolic recovery kinetics than AIT alone in CHF patients, possibly indicating greater ventilatory efficiency and metabolic improvement.
In vivo investigation of white matter pathology in schizophrenia with magnetisation transfer imaging

OBJECTIVES This study is the first to use magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI), a technique sensitive to myelin and axonal abnormalities, to investigate the white matter in vivo in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS MTI was performed in 25 schizophrenic patients and 30 healthy controls. A region of interest (ROI) approach was used to obtain magnetisation transfer ratios (MTRs) in several regions of cerebral white matter. RESULTS MTR values were significantly reduced in the right and left temporal regions in schizophrenic patients compared with controls (p<0.001). Clinical variables such as age, duration of symptoms, schizophrenic symptomatology, and soft neurological signs did not predict this reduction in MTR. There were no MTR abnormalities in the other regions sampled. However, the correlation between the left and right frontal MTR values was marginally significantly different in schizophrenic patients compared with controls suggesting that subtle differences in interhemispheric connections may be present. CONCLUSIONS Subtle white matter pathology, most likely related to myelin and axonal abnormalities, can be detected in the temporal lobes in schizophrenic patients. MTI may be a useful tool in investigating the white matter in schizophrenia.
Product response analytics in Facebook

Sentiment analysis is one of the major tasks of NLP. In this paper, it aims to tackle the problem of sentiment polarity categorization, that is one of the fundamental problem of sentiment analysis. Data used in this paper are online product reviews collected from Facebook.com. It can be a target for the marketing & advertising industry to gather opinions about a particular product or a service. This paper proposes to quantify sentiments in Facebook by analyzing the users' emotions toward an issue based on the comments in a post. The emotion (happy, sadness and emotionless) patterns will quantify the sentiments. In our system, This paper is going to analyze the number of emoji reactions, number of comments and polarity of comments also. Comment, counts, likes and numbers of likes of the post are retrieved using Graph API from facebook. Retrieved data is stored in MONGO db. A software tool is developed by Phython language to perform the sentiment classification by using NLTK and result can be showed in graph format using D3js.