Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Intravaginal ControlledlRelease Prostaglandin E2 Insert for Cervical Ripening at Term

The purpose of this study was to determine if prostaglandin E: (PGEJ in a controlled-release vaginal insert with retrieval system can produce cervical ripening at term. This was a multicenter, double blind, randomized, placeho-ci~ntrolleJ.~lled study involving 206 patients with 102 receivinfi active agent. A successful outcome was defined as a change in Bishop score of 23, or a Bishop score (if 26 at 12 h or delivery within 12 h of the insert placement. Analysis was by Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon's two-samplc rank-sum test, and Student's t-test where appropriate. One hundred ninery-three wunien cornpleted the protocol. Initial Bishop scores were 2.6 t 1.2 and 2.5 ? 1.4 in the PGEl and placebo groups, respectively. Thc incidence of cesarean delivery was identical in the two groups. Uterine hyperstimulation lasted 2-1 3 min in 5 PGE! patients (4.9%) with 1 patient requiring tocolysis. More patients in the PGE! group had a change in Bishop score of 23 (62% vs. 40%; P = 0.002), a Bishop score 26 after 12 h (46% vs. 34%; P = 0.11), and vaginal delivery within 12 h (6.5% vs. 1%; P = 0.055). Sixty-five percent of PGE, group patients had a successful outcome vs. 44% ofcontrol patients (P = 0.001). In conclusion, when adininistercd in a controlled-release vaginal insert with a retrieval system, PGE! is effective in promoting cervical ripening at term. 0 1996 Wilcy-lm, In<.
Implications of the Sell Decision for Treatment Administration

Despite the large number of incompetent defendants referred for restoration, the published literature on the process of competency restoration and the efficacy of specific interventions remains limited (Noffsinger, 2001; Pinals, 2005). The present manuscript reviews the existing literature, identifies critical components of treatment programs, summarizes the research supporting use of specific interventions, and highlights key ethical concerns/controversies. The manuscript focuses on the implications of the 2003 Sell decision for the process of competency restoration treatment. The means and resources available to forensic clinicians to help them address the Sell criteria in treatment planning, report writing, and testimony are discussed.
Erectile dysfunction: A review and herbs used for its treatment

Erectile dysfunction (ED) or male impotence is defined as the inability to have or sustain an erection long enough to have a meaningful sexual intercourse. ED tends to occur gradually until the night time or early morning erections cease altogether or are so flaccid that successful intercourse does not occur. Sexual health is an important determinant of quality of life. Today, millions of men, young and old, suffer from ED due to high levels of synthetic hormones (known as Xenoestrogens) in our diet/environment; nutritionally imbalanced diet resulting from poor quality of produces; and extremely low levels of testosterone. To overcome the problem of sexual (or) ED various natural aphrodisiac potentials are preferred. The present review discusses about aphrodisiac potential of plants, its biological source, common name, part used and references, which are helpful for researchers to develop new aphrodisiac formulations. Key words: Aphrodisiac, erectile dysfunction, Phosphodiesterease
DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES IN GERIATRIC AND NON GERIATRIC POPULATION IN A TERTIARY CARE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL SRIKAKULUM, A. P.

BACKGROUND: Drug utilization studies conducted at regular intervals help to guide the physician in prescribing drugs rationally. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to assess the drug utilization patterns of antihypertensive in geriatric and non-geriatric patients in a tertiary care government teaching hospital. METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care government teaching hospital. Data was collected from patients who have been diagnosed with hypertension as per JNC-7 guidelines and patients receiving or prescribed with antihypertensive medications were included. Frequency and proportions of utilization of antihypertensive medications in geriatric and Non-geriatric patients were charted and figured. RESULTS: A total of 226 prescriptions were analyzed during the three month study period. The most common medication prescribed for hypertension in the study was ARBs 27.77%, 34.37% in Geriatric and Non-geriatric patients respectively. The ARBs prescribed pattern was followed by ACEIs and CCBs. The most frequently prescribed anti-hypertensive fixed dose combination therapy was ARB+D, ACEI+D followed by CCB+BB in both Geriatric and Non-geriatric groups. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the prescription pattern of antihypertensive was based upon the duration, severity of illness and the associated co-morbidities, it does not depend on the age of the patients.
DRIVERS and CONSEQUENCES of CARBON USE EFFICIENCY - and ITS MEASUREMENT in SOIL

DRIVERS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CARBON USE EFFICIENCY AND ITS MEASUREMENT IN SOIL SEPTEMBER 2019 Alice Grace Meadows Põld B.Sc., MCGILL UNIVERSITY MS, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Kristen M. DeAngelis Soils serve as massive carbon sinks, but their ability to continue this ecological service is contingent on how the resident soil microbial community will respond to the ongoing climate crisis. One key dimension of the microbial response to warming is its carbon use e ciency (CUE), or the fraction of carbon taken up by an organism which is allocated to growth rather than respiration. However, the scientific community is still in the early stages of understanding the drivers, consequences and even accurate measurements of CUE. In this dissertation, I first quantified the variability of CUE and its responsiveness to temperature and substrate for soil bacteria grown in the lab. I subsequently implemented this knowledge into a plant litter decomposition vi ALICE GRACE EADOWS POLD model to determine how including organism-level variation in CUE alters projected soil carbon stocks in a warmer world. Finally, I completed a series of numerical simulations to evaluate how robust a commonly-used method of measuring CUE in the field is to changes in the microbial community present. I found that CUE was highly variable and depended on both substrate and temperature in a bacteria-specific manner. No robust genetic or genomic markers of CUE or its temperature dependence emerged, indicative of the wide diversity of bacteria characterized in this study. Nonetheless, e ciency tended to decrease with warming moreso in taxa which were already characterized by high e ciency, causing a degree of homogenization in CUE at higher temperatures. Introducing variation in CUE temperature sensitivity to the litter decomposition model DEMENT caused additional litter carbon loss under warming, which indicates the possible importance of accounting for CUE as a niche dimension for species sorting to act upon in decomposition models. Finally, I found the 18O-H 2 O method of measuring CUE in mixed soil communities is particularly susceptible to misleading results when the assumption of extracellular water being the sole source of oxygen to DNA is violated. Overall, my results indicate that understanding microbial physiology is essential to both the accurate measurement and projection of CUE under the global climate crisis, but that explaining the genomic underpinning of this physiological variation remains a challenge.
Pore‐Scale Visualization and Quantification of Transient Solute Transport Using Fast Microcomputed Tomography

Solute transport is important in a variety of applications regarding flow in porous media, such as contaminant groundwater remediation. Most recent experimental studies on this process focus on field‐scale or centimeter‐scale data. However, solute spreading and mixing are strongly influenced by pore‐scale heterogeneity. To study this, we developed a novel methodology to quantify transient solute concentration fields at the pore scale using fast laboratory‐based microcomputed tomography. Tracer injection experiments in samples with different degrees of pore‐scale heterogeneity (porous sintered glass and Bentheimer sandstone) were imaged in 3D by continuous scanning at a time resolution of 15 s and a spatial resolution of 13.4 μm. While our calibration experiments indicated a high uncertainty (1σ) on the concentration in single voxels due to imaging noise (± 27% of the total concentration range), we show that coarse gridding these values per individual pore significantly lowers the uncertainty (± 1.2%). The resulting pore‐based tracer concentrations were used to characterize the transport by calculating the solute's arrival time and transient (filling) time in each pore. The average velocities estimated from the arrival times correspond well to the interstitial velocities calculated from the flow rate. This suggests that the temporal resolution of the experiment was sufficient. Finally, the pore‐based transient filling times, the global concentration moment and the global scalar dissipation rate calculated from our experiments, indicated more dispersion in the sandstone sample than in the more homogeneous sintered glass. The developed method can thus provide more insight in the influence of pore‐scale heterogeneity on solute transport.
The role of NF-kB activation in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas which, in its most severe form, is associated with multi-organ failure and death. Recently, signalling molecules and pathways which are responsible for the initiation and progression of this disease have been under intense scrutiny. One important signalling molecule, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), has been shown to play a critical role in the development of acute pancreatitis. NFkB is a nuclear transcription factor responsible for regulating the transcription of a wide variety of genes involved in immunity and inflammation. Many of these genes have been implicated as central players in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis. This review discusses recent advances in the investigation of pancreatic and extrapancreatic (lungs, liver, monocytes and macrophages, and endothelial cells) NF-kB activation as it relates to acute pancreatitis.
Hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation:a comparison between Truview~(TM) EVO_2 optic laryngoscope and Macintosh direct laryngoscope

Objective:To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation between TruviewTM EVO2 optic laryngoscope and Macintosh direct laryngoscope.Methods: Eighty adult patients(ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ,aged 18-65 years) scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=40 each):T group and M group.After standard intravenous anesthetic induction,orotracheal intubation was performed with TruviewTM EVO2 optic laryngoscope or Macintosh direct laryngoscope.Non-invasive heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean arterial pressure(MAP) and SpO2 were recorded before(T0) and after anesthetic induction(T1),at intubation(T2),1 minutes(T3),3 minutes(T4) and 5 minute after intubation(T5). The laryngeal exposure period and intubation period were also recorded.Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) Version 13.0. Results: Except for HR at intubation(T2),there was no significant difference in the hemodynamic data at any other time points between the two groups.There was no significant difference in the laryngeal exposure period between the two groups.The intubation time in the T group was significantly longer than that in the M group(P0.05),but no more than 60 seconds.Conclusion: The hemodynamic responses produced by orotracheal intubation are similar between TruviewTM EVO2 optic laryngoscope and Macintosh direct laryngoscope.
Autonomic nervous system: anatomy, physiology, and relevance in anaesthesia and critical care medicine

### Key points The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions.1 Examples are the heartbeat, the digestive functions of the intestines, control of respiration, and secretion by glands. The organization of the ANS is on the basis of the reflex arc and it has an afferent limb, efferent limb, and a central integrating system.1 The afferent limb transmits information from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). The receptors are present in the abdominal and thoracic viscera.1 The transmissions from these receptors are conducted along neural pathways into the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglion or to the brain stem via cranial nerves. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are examples of the afferent pathway. These are present in the aortic arch and carotid sinus. The sensory impulses from these receptors are transmitted via glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves to the brain stem. The efferent limb is made up of preganglionic and post-ganglionic fibres and an autonomic ganglion. The efferent limb is further subdivided based on its anatomic and physiological differences into sympathetic and parasympathetic components. A useful generalization is that the sympathetic system responds for ‘flight-or-fight’ and prepares the body for …
Effect of "Weichang'an Decoction" on growth and hepatic metastasis of orthotopic transplant in nude mouse

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of "Weichang'an Decoction" on the growth and hepatic metastasis of orthotopic transplant in nude mouse models of human colorectal cancer.Methods The nude mice were implanted with HCT116 cells at orthotopic site,then randomly divided into four groups: control group,Weichang'an group,5-Fu group,Weichang'an+5-Fu group.Each group was treated with corresponding intervention.The mass,volume,growth-inhibiting rate of orthotopic tumors and the metastatic lesions,the pathomorphology of orthotopic tumors and hepatic metastasis,the concentrations of CEA and AFP were detected.Results The orthotopic tumor formation rate was 100% in each group.Compared with the control group,the mass(P0.01) and volume(P0.05) in 5-Fu group and Weichang'an+5-Fu group were decreased significantly.The growth-inhibiting rates of orthotopic tumors in Weichang'an group,5-Fu group and Weichang'an+5-Fu group were 19.087%,33.298% and 36.802% respectively.The incidence rates of metastasis in liver,abdominal wall,mesentery et al in Weichang'an group(P0.05) and Weichang'an+5-Fu group(P0.01) were lower than the control group obviously;the total metastasis rates in control group,Weichang'an group,5-Fu group,Weichang'an+5-Fu group were 100%,50%,72.72% and 40% respectively.The concentrations of CEA in Weichang'an+5-Fu group were lower than that of the control group significantly(P0.05). Conclusion "Weichang'an Decoction" has certain inhibitory effect on the growth and hepatic metastasis of orthotopic transplant nude mouse model of human colorectal cancer.Combination of "Weichang'an Decoction" with chemotherapy shows better results.
EQsimu: a 3-D finite element dynamic earthquake simulator for multicycle dynamics of geometrically complex faults governed by rate- and state-dependent friction

We develop a finite element dynamic earthquake simulator, EQsimu, to model multicycle dynamics of 3-D geometrically complex faults. The fault is governed by rate- and state-dependent friction (RSF). EQsimu integrates an existing finite element code EQdyna for the coseismic dynamic rupture phase and a newly developed finite element code EQquasi for the quasi-static phases of an earthquake cycle, including nucleation, post-seismic and interseismic processes. Both finite element codes are parallelized through Message Passing Interface to improve computational efficiency and capability. EQdyna and EQquasi are coupled through on-fault physical quantities of shear and normal stresses, slip-rates and state variables in RSF. The two-code scheme shows advantages in reconciling the computational challenges from different phases of an earthquake cycle, which include (1) handling time-steps ranging from hundredths of a second to a fraction of a year based on a variable time-stepping scheme, (2) using element size small enough to resolve the cohesive zone at rupture fronts of dynamic ruptures and (3) solving the system of equations built up by millions of hexahedral elements. EQsimu is used to model multicycle dynamics of a 3-D strike-slip fault with a bend. Complex earthquake event patterns spontaneously emerge in the simulation, and the fault demonstrates two phases in its evolution. In the first phase, there are three types of dynamic ruptures: ruptures breaking the whole fault from left to right, ruptures being halted by the bend, and ruptures breaking the whole fault from right to left. As the fault bend experiences more ruptures, the zone of stress heterogeneity near the bend widens and the earthquake sequence enters the second phase showing only repeated ruptures that break the whole fault from left to right. The two-phase behaviours of this bent fault system suggest that a 10° bend may conditionally stop dynamic ruptures at the early stage of a fault system evolution and will eventually not be able to stop ruptures as the fault system evolves. The nucleation patches are close to the velocity strengthening region. Their sizes on the two fault segments are different due to different levels of the normal stress.
Classification of Local Seismic Events in the Utah Region: A Comparison of Amplitude Ratio Methods with a Spectrogram‐Based Machine Learning Approach

The capability to discriminate low‐magnitude earthquakes from low‐yield anthropogenic sources, both detectable only at local distances, is of increasing interest to the event monitoring community. We used a dataset of seismic events in Utah recorded during a 14‐day period (1–14 January 2011) by the University of Utah Seismic Stations network to perform a comparative study of event classification at local scale using amplitude ratio (AR) methods and a machine learning (ML) approach. The event catalog consists of 7377 events with magnitudes MC ranging from −2 and lower up to 5.8. Events were subdivided into six populations based on location and source type: tectonic earthquakes (TEs), mining‐induced events (MIEs), and mining blasts from four known mines (WMB, SMB, LMB, and CQB). The AR approach jointly exploits Pg‐to‐Sg phase ARs and Rg‐to‐Sg spectral ARs in multivariate quadratic discriminant functions and was able to classify 370 events with high signal quality from the three groups with sufficient size (TE, MIE, and SMB). For that subset of the events, the method achieved success rates between about 80% and 90%. The ML approach used trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the populations. The CNN approach was able to classify the subset of events with accuracies between about 91% and 98%. Because the neural network approach does not have a minimum signal quality requirement, we applied it to the entire event catalog, including the abundant extremely low-magnitude events, and achieved accuracies of about 94%–100%. We compare the AR and ML methodologies using a broad set of criteria and conclude that a major advantage to ML methods is their robustness to low signal‐to‐noise ratio data, allowing them to classify significantly smaller events.
Iron Distribution in the Subtropical North Atlantic: The Pivotal Role of Colloidal Iron

The low availability of the essential micronutrient iron (Fe) in the ocean impacts the efficiency of the biological carbon pump, and hence, it is vital to elucidate its sources, sinks, and internal cycling. We present size‐fractionated dissolved Fe (dFe, <0.2 μm) measurements from 130 surface samples and 7 full‐depth profiles from the subtropical North Atlantic during summer 2017 and demonstrate the pivotal role of colloidal (cFe, 0.02 to 0.2 μm) over soluble (sFe, <0.02 μm) Fe in controlling the dFe distribution. In the surface (<5 m), a strong west‐to‐east decrease in dFe (1.53 to 0.26 nM) was driven by a dust gradient, which retained dFe predominantly as cFe (61% to 85% of dFe), while sFe remained largely constant at 0.19 ± 0.05 nM. In the euphotic zone, the attenuation of dFe resulted from the depletion of cFe (0% to 30% of dFe), with scavenging as an important driver. In the mesopelagic, cFe was released from sinking biogenic and lithogenic particles, creating a zone of elevated dFe (0.7 to 1.0 nM) between 400 to 1100 m depth. While the ocean interior, below the mesopelagic and above the seafloor boundary, exhibited a narrow range of cFe (40% to 60% of dFe), the abyssal cFe fraction varied in range from 26% to 76% due to interactions with seafloor sediments and a hydrothermal source with almost 100% cFe. Overall, our results produced an hourglass shape for the vertical cFe‐to‐dFe fraction and highlight the primary control of cFe on the dFe distribution.
Core Formation and Geophysical Properties of Mars.

The chemical and physical properties of the interiors of terrestrial planets are largely determined during their formation and differentiation. Modeling a planet's formation provides important insights into the properties of its core and mantle, and conversely, knowledge of those properties may constrain formational narratives. Here, we present a multi-stage model of Martian core formation in which we calculate core-mantle equilibration using parameterizations from high pressure-temperature metal-silicate partitioning experiments. We account for changing core-mantle boundary (CMB) conditions, composition-dependent partitioning, and partial equilibration of metal and silicate, and we evolve oxygen fugacity (fO2) self-consistently. The model successfully reproduces published meteorite-based estimates of most elemental abundances in the bulk silicate Mars, which can be used to estimate core formation conditions and core composition. This composition implies that the primordial material that formed Mars was significantly more oxidized (0.9-1.4 log units below the iron-wüstite buffer) than that of the Earth, and that core-mantle equilibration in Mars occurred at 42-60% of the evolving CMB pressure. On average, at least 84% of accreted metal and at least 40% of the mantle were equilibrated in each impact, a significantly higher degree of metal equilibration than previously reported for the Earth. In agreement with previous studies, the modeled Martian core is rich in sulfur (18-19 wt%), with less than one weight percent O and negligible Si. We have used these core and mantle compositions to produce physical models of the present-day Martian interior and evaluate the sensitivity of core radius to crustal thickness, mantle temperature, core composition, core temperature, and density of the core alloy. Trade-offs in how these properties affect observable physical parameters like planetary mass, radius, moment of inertia, and tidal Love number k2 define a range of likely core radii: 1620-1870 km. Seismic velocity profiles for several combinations of model parameters have been used to predict seismic body-wave travel times and planetary normal mode frequencies. These results may be compared to forthcoming Martian seismic data to further constrain core formation conditions and geophysical properties.