Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FROM ZERO-DIMENSIONAL TO 2-DIMENSIONAL CARBON NANOMATERIALS-part II: GRAPHENE

As was presented in the first part of this review paper, lately, many theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out to develop one of the most interesting aspects of the science and nanotechnology which is called carbon-related nanomaterials. In this review paper are presented some of the most exciting and important developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. In this part of the paper are presented the synthesis techniques used to produce the two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (including graphene), and also the most important properties and potential applications of graphene.
Unusual Suicide Cases of Asphyxiation by Ligature within the Vehicle

Asphyxiation is caused by difficulty in oxygen exchange and utilization by cells [1]. Hanging and ligature strangulation are typical types of asphyxia and have the same mechanism of death. The manner of death in almost all cases of hanging is suicide. Self-strangulation means suicidal strangulation. Strangulation itself is very rare, and the practical determination of the manner of death in strangulation cases is very difficult. Death by hanging is possible in any posture. The principle of how the force is applied to cause death can be classified according to whether the victim wrapped a ligature around the neck and applied their weight to the ligature or whether an external force was applied by someone else, the victim’s arm, or other force. Cases of ligature strangulation must have the ligature remaining around the neck of the victim; if the ligature is tied to a low position, self-strangulation may not be easily distinguished from incomplete hanging. Meanwhile, vehicles are easy to move to remote places. Vehicles are often used as a place for suicide because they can remain unobtrusive; however, suicide by hanging or self-strangulation within a vehicle is relatively rare due to the relatively narrow space. The authors report three cases of suicide by hanging and self-strangulation in vehicles and also present a literature review. Korean J Leg Med 2020;44:31-36 https://doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2020. 44.1. 31
SIMULTANEOUS ATTRIBUTED NETWORK EMBEDDING AND CLUSTERING

To deal simultaneously with both, the attributed network embedding and clustering, we propose a new model. It exploits both content and structure information, capitalising on their simultaneous use. The proposed model relies on the approximation of the relaxed continuous embedding solution by the true discrete clustering one. Thereby, we show that incorporating an embedding representation provides simpler and more interpretable solutions. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better, in terms of clustering and embedding, than the state-of-art algorithms, including deep learning methods devoted to similar tasks for attributed network datasets with different proprieties.
Molecular markers to predict prognosis and guide therapy in endometrial cancer

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the Western world. The disease occurs in the epithelial lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. Although prognosis is good and most of the patients are diagnosed at an early stage, 15-20 % of patients experience recurrence. An accurate risk-stratification is lacking and as incidence is increasing due to the increased prevalence of obesity and extended life-expectancy, biomarkers for improved risk-stratification are needed. Main objective: The main objective was to define biomarkers to better identify highrisk patients from low-risk patients in order to individualize therapy and targeted treatment. Materials and methods: A prospectively and population-based series was collected and includes endometrial hyperplasias, primary tumors and metastases (Paper I-IV). Immunohistochemical staining was used for evaluation of HSF1, MSH6, PD-L1 and PD-1 (Paper I, III and IV). ELISA was performed for determination of plasma GDF15 (Paper II). RNA microarray data were used for evaluation of mRNA levels (Paper I, III and IV). Results: High expression of HSF1 associated with aggressive disease and poor survival in endometrial cancer. Protein level of HSF1 increased from primary tumors to metastasis. We found HSF1 to be an independent prognostic marker within ER-positive patients, a patient group with a presumed favourable prognosis. Gene expression analyses identified HSP90 inhibitors for targeted therapy (Paper I). High plasma levels of GDF-15 associated with aggressive disease characteristics and poor prognosis, also in low-risk patients. GDF-15 can indicate recurrence during follow-up and was an independent marker for recurrence. We validated the role of GDF-15 as an independent marker for lymph node metastasis (Paper II). PD-L1 and PD-1 are frequently expressed in endometrial cancer, 59% and 63%, respectively (Paper III). Expression was similar across MSS and MSI tumors. PD-L1 and PD-1 have no impact on survival, nor when stratified for MSI. In corresponding
Alcohol consumption and employment: a cross-sectional study of office workers and unemployed people

Background Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with toxic and addictive properties. Biomarkers like GGT, AST, ALT and MCV are influenced by excessive ethanol consumption. Alcohol consumption represents a health risk and it has been linked to unemployment. The aim of this study how working status predict alcohol consumption through a cross sectional study comparing alcohol-related biomarkers levels in office workers and unemployed people. Methods This study includes 157 office workers and 157 unemployed people, who were recruited from January to December 2018. A propensity score matching procedure was applied to obtain two homogenous groups in terms of age and gender. A non-parametric analysis was performed on serum biomarkers that are generally altered by alcohol consumption. Logistic regression models were designed to evaluate how working status predict abnormal biomarker levels related with alcohol consumption. Results No differences in median biomarker values were found between groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that office work is a negative predictor of pathological biomarker levels. Office workers had a significant relation with the levels of GGT (OR 0.48; 95% CI [0.28–0.84]), AST (OR 0.42; 95% CI [0.22–0.78]), ALT (OR 0.39; 95% CI [0.23–0.66]), and MCV (OR 0.37; 95% CI [0.19–0.70]). Conclusion Office workers had lower absolute frequencies of pathological values of alcohol consumption biomarkers, after matching for age and gender compared with unemployed people. In addition, a significant negative association between office work is a negative predictor of biomarker levels of alcohol consumption. These results showed that work is an important determinant of health and that can represent a benefit for workers in terms of reducing the risk of consuming alcohol.
OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAYS DISEASE Pulmonary Circulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

In this review article, the disturbances of the pulmonary circulation caused by chronic airway obstruction, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), patients with COPD, overlap syndrome and patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome, are described. We also give suggestions on how to treat, manage and monitor these disturbances. The article is based on clinical research and experience, as well as a review of the literature, regarding the physiological basis for, and the clinical appearance of, and management of, the changes in the pulmonary circulation caused by COPD.
Toxicity Profiling of Siddha Formulation Sarakondrai Chooranam by Acute and Repeated Oral dose Toxicity Studies in Wistar Rats

Toxicity Studies become an integral part of drug discovery and development process which involves different models, ranging from test tube experiments to cell cultures, animals, healthy human subjects. Although herbal medicine as the most common form of alternative medicine are widely used for treatment of various diseases all over the world now as per the regulatory guidelines it become mandatory to evaluate the short term and long term toxicities studies in rodents to establish the safety before utilizing the same for the clinical aspect. In Siddha system of traditional medicine it was clearly mentioned in detail about the toxic effects of various herbs and mineral components and also detailed in depth about the procedures for purification and detoxification of the same. But still now there is very limited documentary literatures available on the toxicity profiling of most of the Siddha preparation, hence the main aim of the present investigation is to carry out the systematic acute and repeated oral dose toxicity studies of the Siddha formulation Sarakondrai Chooranam (SKC) on rodents and to establish the safety of the drug. In short term acute toxicity study the drug SKC was administered in single dose of 2000 / kg b.w (p.o). Potential drug toxicity related to C.N. S, A.N. S and C.V. S were observed up to 14 days. In sub-acute repeated oral dose toxicity study the formulation SKC was administered at two dose level such as low and high dose of 200 and 400 mg / kg b.w (p.o) for four weeks. Results obtained from the acute and sub-acute study reveals that the Siddha formulation SKC doesn’t reveal any significant change in body weight, behavior and mortality in treated rats and no sign of toxicity was registered throughout the study. Further it was observed that SKC at both the dose level did not modify the weight index, food and water intake in treated animals. There is no significant change in haematological, bio-chemical and histopathological observation of animals treated with SKC at both the dose level of 200 and 400 mg / kg b.w (p.o) when compare to control group animals. From the evidence based results of the present investigation it was concluded that the Siddha preparation SKC has wide safety margin in tested rodents and further long term usage of this formulation will be considerably safe for the ailment of various disease in humans.
Métricas en el control de calidad individualizado de técnicas volumétricas y su aplicación a la patología de próstata

I.1. Introduction to volumetric techniques. People treated with radiation therapy techniques are about 6 million over the world. The main aim of radiation therapy is to deliver an accurate amount of radiation to a target volume (tumor), reducing the dose on the surrounding normal tissues. Development of modern medical imaging techniques, as computed tomography (CT) imaging, combined with collimation technologies, such multileaf collimator (MLC) systems, have allowed the introduction of 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). However, several locations, as head and neck or prostate, demand concave dose distributions in order to spare normal tissues. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques deliver a non-uniform fluence, resulting in dose distributions with a high degree of dose conformity. Traditional IMRT modalities use fixed gantry positions, with multiple static (step-and-shoot) and dynamic (sliding window) beams. Rotational IMRT delivery was firstly proposed in 1995 as intensity-modulated arc therapy (IMAT), combining dynamic MLC and gantry movement. Nevertheless, several overlapped arcs were needed in order to obtain highly conformed dose distributions, such those resulting from traditional IMRT techniques. Improvements in the performance of MLC systems, together with rotational capabilities recently implemented in conventional linacs, have made possible the development of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). MLC, gantry speed and angle, and dose rate are continuously modified during the treatment, treating the whole target volume in each gantry rotation (volumetric delivery). This kind of modulated technique leads to improve significantly treatment times compared to traditional IMRT modalities. In addition, the amount of monitor units (MU) in VMAT delivery is reduced, resulting in an improved efficiency compared with traditional IMRT. However, the synchronization of all variable parameters raises the complexity in VMAT treatment delivery from conventional IMRT techniques, leading to increase the efforts in quality assurance (QA) programs.
Immune-checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the world. It is able to manipulate the host immune response system through many mechanisms, such as through alteration of cytokines structure, forming regulator T-cells, obstruction of cellular immunity function, and the interference of tumor antigen presenting process. The new therapy approachment is produced by stimulating anti-cancer immune response, therefore the growth of lung cancer is able to inhibit. Immune checkpoint inhibition is considered as therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) after the unsuccesful treatment by platinum-based chemotherapy. Recent study shows that immune checkpoint inhibition monotherapy is more distinguished as first line therapy than platinum-based chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the effect of immunotherapy is only available for small population (30%) which has more than 50% PD-L1 programmed by the tumor. Therefore, some strategies are investigated to solve this issue. Nowadays, immunotherapy is expected to overcome lung cancer which is still being investigated in many studies.
Clinical Practice Guidelines : Appraising the Evidence C linical

C linical practice guidelines (CPGs) are designed primarily to improve specific health care outcomes and, in turn, the overall quality of patient care. They evaluate and summarize current knowledge providing guidance and information for clinicians and patients. They may also promote efficient resource utilization by reducing variations in clinical practice. In addition, identification of deficiencies in current knowledge may help to stimulate and prioritize research activities. CPGs are not meant to provide an algorithmic approach to surgery minimizing input from the clinician nor are they meant to provide guidance in all circumstances for all patients. For this reason they are not to be used as a legal resource because their general approach does not always capture the nuance of specific clinical situations. Finally, they are usually focused on patient care and are not meant to provide in-depth background knowledge for all aspects of clinical disease, such as epidemiology or prognosis. One of the most important functions of a CPG is to summarize best available evidence making clinical decisions more transparent. Guidelines are based on a systematic search of the literature followed by careful selection of appropriate studies with a systematic appraisal of the quality of available evidence. Quality assessment requires a grading system that is valid, reproducible, and easily applied and understood. The end user should be able to decide, based on the available literature, whether he or she would come to the same conclusion as the CPG authors. When formulating a CPG, there are 2 assessments that are required. Each recommendation in a CPG is assigned a level of evidence to support it and a grade that reflects the strength of the recommendation:
Application of Compressive Sensing Theory in UWB Communication using AMP Recovery Algorithm

In this paper, we introduce Approximate Message passing (AMP) algorithm which is one of the efficient recovery algorithms in Compressive Sensing (CS) [2] area. Recently, AMP algorithm [3] [4][5] has gained a lot of attention due to its good performance and yet simple structure. This paper provides not only an understanding of the AMP algorithm but its relationship with classical (Sum-Product) Message Passing (MP) algorithm. And for its application, we propose UWB channel estimation method to achieve a significant reduction of sampling rate. The proposed approach relies on the fact that the low frequencies included in the broad range of the UWB frequency spectrum have a long wavelength, which allows UWB signal to penetrate a variety of materials. This means there are few multi-paths with sufficient high power, yielding thus a sparse representation of the channel impulse response. And the received waveforms can be modeled as result from convolution of very short pulse and impulse response of channel. Thus, the transformation matrix is designed as convolution matrix. Meanwhile, reconstruction algorithms which are computationally expensive and complex are not suitable for real time application like UWB communication. Because of this reason, we used the Approximate Message Passing algorithm which has shown to achieve very good performance with large reduction on complexity in comparison with existing approaches to estimate the channel impulse response. Lastly, we applied the proposed estimation method based compressive sensing to a Rake receiver. Actually, a Rake receiver must know the time distribution for all multipath contributions composing the received waveform and the knowledge of the amplitudes of the -vimulti-path components is also required for exploiting diversity. In simulation, we compare performances of the UWB channel estimation by changing the recovery algorithms; L1 norm, IST [6] , AMP, MP [7]. The results show AMP algorithm has computationally simple structure and good recovery performance. Thus, the algorithm is suitable for UWB channel estimation. ©2013 Hyeong-Ho Baek ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Long Noncoding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

trans-lated protein. (ncRNA) The fundamental importance of this ncRNA world inferred the that the of complexity of a species correlates with the of DNA is transcribed into ncRNA the number of protein-coding genes. Many ncRNAs with a gene regulatory function have been identified to date and, similarly to proteins, found to act at various steps along the protein bio-synthetic process, including transcription, RNA maturation, translation, and protein degradation. This discovery is fueling a new era in pathophysiology. Abstract: RNAs not encoding proteins have gained prominence over the last couple of decades as fundamental regulators of cellular function. Not surprisingly, their dysregulation is increasingly being linked to pathology. Here, we review recent reports investigating the pathophysiological relevance of this species of RNA for the cardiovascular system, concentrating mainly on recent findings on long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. ( Circ Res . 2015;116:751-762.
HYPERTENSION AND ARTERIAL BARORECEPTOR DENERVATION 589

to determine completeness of denervation, we have developed statistical criteria for adequacy of denervation based on the long-term monitoring procedures used in our laboratory. Using computerized techniques for the continuous monitoring of arterial pressure, we obtained a complete pressure histogram which displays the frequency of occurrence of all the pressure values throughout a 24 hour or longer period. The width of the frequency distribution curve serves as a clear "benchmark" for completeness of denervation and provides a far better criteria of the inability of the baroreceptors to buffer changes in arterial pressure than any of the various acute manipulations which have been previously described. Using these techniques, we have recently reported at the International Baroreceptor Workshop at Oxford the results of 40 normal and 41 sino-thoracic denervated dogs (Cowley et al., in press). Each of these dogs were recorded continuously from 3 to 5 days (10,000 to 250,000 pressure values collected each day). (These studies now have been conducted in both semi-restrained and free ranging dogs using telementry systems.) The frequency histograms of mean arterial pressure in the sino-thoracic denervated dogs characteristically fluctuated over a 100 mm Hg range (±25.4 mm Hg SD); thoracic denervated dogs fluctuated over a 55 mm Hg range (±14.8 mm Hg SD); compared to a 40 mm Hg range (±11.9 mm Hg SD) in normal dogs. The average long-term level of pressure around which these daily fluctuations occurred averaged 105 mm Hg in the normal group, 104 mm Hg in thoracic denervated dogs, and 106.7 mm Hg in the sino-thoracic denervated group. A small number of sino-thoracic denervated dogs exhibited average pressures higher than the upper range of normal dogs (10%), but a nearly equal number of denervated dogs exhibited pressures below the range of normal (15%). It should be recognized thatthese data represent the largest sampling of denervated dogs yet reported. Unfortunately, the studies of Ito and Scher were performed on only small groups of dogs (n = 5 to 15), which further weakens the creditability of the reported levels of mean arterial pressure.
Comparative Analysis of Various Word Sense Disambiguation Techniques

: Due to increase in digital content, new technologies and approaches are required to properly access the online documents. Due to language barrier, many of the relevant documents in a particular context become difficult to access and explore to the users and researchers. Machine translation tools are designed to bridge this language gap, However the ambiguity issue may cause the major hurdle in the translation process that might affect meaning of translated text. The Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) aims to provide solution to this problem through various algorithms. This paper tries to critically elaborate various features and the performance of popular WSD approaches under the two broad category of approaches i.e. knowledge based and machine learning based, that may provide solution to the ambiguity in natural text so that the translations between pair of languages can be improved.
How Secure is your E-Purse against Side Channel Leakage?

: - Electronic purses in smartcards are protected by well-designed protocols and strong encryption. However, progress in the design and techniques of attacks using side channel leakage show that implementers need to update and improve tamper resistance on a continuous basis in order to stay ahead of the attacker. This article surveys the state-of-the-art in non-invasive passive attacks and the algorithmic counter-measures which are being developed.
Vitamin D Status, Adiposity, and Exercise Performance

INTRODUCTION Irealize that I wrote a column about vitamin D last year; however, I write on the topic now not because I had nothing else to write about for this Nutritionist’s View column, I simply want to keep with the theme of the current issue addressing obesity and weight loss and then include more data on vitamin D and exercise performance. I will not repeat what I wrote last year; however, I will give a similar background, both for new readers and those of you who may not have read my last column on vitamin D. Vitamin D is a required vitamin for humans and also is considered a hormone. That is because it is produced in one part of the body but works in another part of the body. The most active form of vitamin D is produced in the kidneys and is called ‘‘calcitrol’’ or ‘‘1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3’’. The precursor to calcitriol is synthesized in the liver (25-hydroxyvitamin D or calcidiol), which is the onemeasured in the blood to assess if someone has a vitaminD deficiency or not because it stays in the blood longer than other forms of vitamin D and, therefore, can be better measured. The Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin D is 600 IU for individuals aged 1 through 70 years (5). Vitamin D can be obtained from food (e.g., salmon, sardines, fortified cow’s milk, soy milk, or orange juice) or through the sun on the skin (7). Vitamin D is well known for its role in bone formation; however, there is evidence that vitamin D plays a role in adaptive immune processes and may improve skeletal muscle function (8). Although it has been well established that vitamin D deficiency exists in obese individuals who are not athletes, little data exist on the vitamin D status of overweight or obese athletes. The reason for vitamin D deficiency in obesity likely is caused by vitamin D being stored in fat tissues (6).