Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) based on the nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM)

On the basis of the mathematical model of the PMSM, combining with the terminal sliding mode technology and DTC, the author has put forward the system of the DTC of the PMSM based on the NTSM which aims at solving such problems as the large ripple on flux linkage and torque, the difficulty of the precise control at a low speed of PMSM by DTC. In comparison with the traditional PI control, the NTSM can restrain itself in limited time and displays strong robustness to system parameters and outside interference. The singular phenomenon occurred in the terminal sliding mode is avoided through the adoption of the controller, and buffet which is common in regular sliding control is weaken. Therefore, the controlling effect of the whole system is improved considerably.
Genome-Based Phylogeny of Poxvirus

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Poxviridae was performed in this study. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed from whole genomic information including gene order, gene content, and all conserved gene protein sequences. Gene content and gene order were the methods used for the first time in cladogram reconstruction of poxvirus. The results of the different methods finally shared mainly consistent tree topologies, which were supported by the classic taxonomy of Poxviridae. According to these topologies, the Entomopoxvirinae and Chordopoxvirinae subfamilies are divergent from each other. Subfamily Chordopoxvirinae could be divided into four main groupings, which could be further divided into subgroups. Parapoxvirus and Molluscipoxvirus have been considered distinct from other Chordopoxvirus. Results from our study consistently supported this suggestion. In our results, Parapoxvirus and Molluscipoxvirus were the most closely related genera and formed a group. This group could be the one that branched after the divergence of Avipoxviruses. Additionally, rabbitpox virus and vaccinia virus steadily formed clusters with high bootstrap support in all the cladograms.
Polyimines with Electron-Donating and Accepting Groups: Synthesis and Characterization

Novel Schiff base-polymers containing electron-withdrawing groups, such as pyridine or 1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbazole or triphenylamine as electron-donating groups were synthesized via solution polycondensation. Characterization of the synthesized polymeric materials was performed using 1H-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, while the electronic properties were studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The polymers are completely soluble (polymer PI and PIII) or partially soluble (polymer PII) in most common organic solvents such as chlorinated and aprotic polar solvents.
Immunoadsorption as treatment option in dilated cardiomyopathy

Abnormalities of the cellular and humoral immune system have been described in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Various circulating cardiac autoantibodies have been detected among DCM patients. Circulating antibodies are extractable by immunoadsorption (IA). Recent open controlled pilot studies have consequently shown that removal of circulating antibodies by IA induces improvement of cardiac function in DCM. IA, furthermore, decreases myocardial inflammation. In vitro data indicate that cardiodepressive antibodies play an important role in cardiac dysfunction of DCM patients; removal of these antibodies may accordingly represent the essential mechanism of IA in DCM. Furthermore, detection of cardiodepressive antibodies predicts hemodynamic benefits during IA. These antibodies belong to immunoglobulin G subclass 3. Recent data indicate that newly detected sarcolemmal Fcγ receptors IIa are involved in the functional effects of cardiac autoantibodies.
Sublethal Kanamycin Induced Cross Resistance to Functionally and Structurally Unrelated Antibiotics

Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with sub-lethal kanamycin to E. coli B23 cells provided protection against subsequent exposure to lethal amounts of the same antibiotic. It has also been shown that exposure to sub-inhibitory levels of certain antibiotic can induce cross resistance by promoting the development of low-level resistance to other functional and structural unrelated antibiotics. In this study, the kanamycin protection experiment by Lu et al. was reproduced using Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays in microplates to assess antbiotic resistance. The potential for development of cross resistance against streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicilin elicited by sublethal kanamycin pretreatment was also investigated. Short term protection was assessed by monitoring the growth rate in the presence of antibiotic for 1.5 hours, whereas long term protection was determined by the shift in the MIC of each antibiotic after 24 hours incubation. Both short and long term protection against kanamycin were found to be induced in the sublethal kanamycin pretreated culture. It was also observed that kanamycin pretreated E. coli B23 cells developed short term antibiotic resistance against streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin, whereas long term resistance was only observed against kanamycin and streptomycin. Thus suggesting different mechanisms may be involved in the short and long term protection.
Fixed vs. Random Proportions Demand Models for the Assortment Planning Problem Under Stockout-Based Substitution

We consider the problem of determining the optimal assortment of products to offer in a given product category when each customer is characterized by a type, which is a list of products he is willing to buy in decreasing order of preference. We assume consumer-driven, dynamic, stockout-based substitution and random proportions of each type. No efficient method to obtain the optimal solution for this problem is known to our knowledge. However, if the number of customers of each type is a fixed proportion of demand, there exists an efficient algorithm for solving for the optimal assortment. We show that the fixed proportions model gives an upper bound to the optimal expected profit for the random proportions model. This bound allows us to obtain a measure of the absolute performance of heuristic solutions. We also provide a bound for the component-wise absolute difference in expected sales between the two models, which is asymptotically tight as the inventory vector is made large, while keeping the number of products fixed. This result provides us with a lower bound to the optimal expected profit and a performance guarantee for the fixed proportions solution in the random proportions model.
Dynamically evolving fuzzy classifier for real-time classification of data streams

In this paper, a novel evolving fuzzy rule-based classifier is presented. The proposed classifier addresses the three fundamental issues of data stream learning, viz., computational efficiency in terms of processing time and memory requirements, adaptive to changes, and robustness to noise. Though, there are several online classifiers available, most of them do not take into account all the three issues simultaneously. The newly proposed classifier is inherently adaptive and can attend to any minute changes as it learns the rules in online manner by considering each incoming example. However, it should be emphasized that it can easily distinguish noise from new concepts and automatically handles noise. The performance of the classifier is evaluated using real-life data with evolving characteristic and compared with state-of-the-art adaptive classifiers. The experimental results show that the classifier attains a simple model in terms of number of rules. Further, the memory requirements and processing time per sample does not increase linearly with the progress of the stream. Thus, the classifier is capable of performing both prediction and model update in real-time in a streaming environment.
Supporting self-management for patients with complex medical needs: recommendations of a working group

Increasing numbers of persons live with complex chronic medical needs and are at risk for poor health outcomes. These patients require unique self-management support, as they must manage many, often interacting, tasks. As part of a conference on Managing Complexity in Chronic Care sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs, a working group was convened to consider self-management issues specific to complex chronic care. In this paper, we assess gaps in current knowledge on self-management support relevant to this population, report on the recommendations of our working group, and discuss directions for future study. We conclude that this population requires specialized, multidimensional self-management support to achieve a range of patient-centred goals. New technologies and models of care delivery may provide opportunities to develop this support. Validation and quantification of these processes will require the development of performance measures that reflect the needs of this population, and research to prove effectiveness.
The Use of Discretionary Expenditures as an Earnings Management Tool: Evidence from Financial Misstatement Firms

This study examines the use of real earnings management in a setting where earnings manipulation is likely to have occurred. Using firms subject to SEC Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases, I find that misstating firms show lower discretionary SG&A but higher discretionary R&D than the control sample in the years in which they overstate earnings. I then investigate whether this result is explained by heightened management incentives to support stock prices. I find evidence consistent with investors overvaluing high discretionary R&D and low discretionary SG&A during misstatement years. Overall, these results suggest that while cutting SG&A is considered a feasible earnings management tool to inflate earnings and stock prices, cutting R&D is not a viable option in a setting where managers desire to signal growth and maintain high stock market valuations.
ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION BIRDS: IN VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS OF RADIOACTIVE CORTICOSTEROIDS FROM PREGNENOLONE-7-H3 AND PROGESTERONE-4-C14 BY ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE DOMESTIC DUCK (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) AND THE CHICKEN (GALLUS DOMESTICUS).

Incubation of surviving adrenal slices from young ducks and pullets with pregnenolone-7-H3 and progesterone-4-C14 yielded, from both species of birds, C14-and H3- labeled corticosterone, aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, 11-desoxycorticosterone and a substance probably identical with 11β- hydroxyprogesterone. Cortisol could be isolated only in trace amounts insufficient for positive identification. Analysis of the isotope content of the biosynthetic substances permitted the elaboration of a tentative pathway in which a certain percentage of the 3-keto-4- ene steroids could have been formed directly from their 3β-hydroxy-5-ene hydroxylated analogues rather than from progesterone.
Uterine and umbilical artery velocimetry in pre‐eclampsia

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether Doppler velocimetry of the placental circulation can predict adverse outcome of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and whether there is a correlation between maternal blood pressure, proteinuria and placental vascular resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and eight pregnant women with pre-eclampsia were followed and examined by Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries. The presence of a notch and the mean pulsatility index (PI) in the two arteries were recorded. The velocity waveforms in umbilical arteries were also evaluated. The Doppler velocimetry results were related to the perinatal outcome, maternal blood pressure and proteinuria. RESULTS Abnormal arterial blood velocity waveforms on both sides of the placenta were significantly correlated with a shorter gestational age at delivery, lower birthweight, increased cesarean section rate and more frequent admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit. Bilateral rather than unilateral uterine artery notches were predictive of poor perinatal outcome. The combination of umbilical and uterine artery waveform results was the best predictor of adverse outcome. The uterine artery velocimetry was, however, not related to maternal blood pressure or the degree of proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal velocity waveforms in the uterine and umbilical arteries have clinical significance in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and predict adverse outcome of pregnancy, especially the fetal growth restriction and need for operative interventions during labor and delivery.
Spiral-generated modular FFT algorithms

This paper presents an extension of the Spiral system to automatically generate and optimize FFT algorithms for the discrete Fourier transform over finite fields. The generated code is intended to support modular algorithms for multivariate polynomial computations in the modpn library used by Maple. The resulting code provides an order of magnitude speedup over the original implementations in the modpn library, and the Spiral system provides the ability to automatically tune the FFT code to different computing platforms.
Comparison of Segmental Colon Transit Time With Total Energy Expenditure in Psychiatry Unit Patients

Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. We examined the colon transit time (CTT) according to the total energy expenditure (TEE) in psychiatry unit patients. The study participants included 67 adults, with a mean age of 49.8 years. The participants used an accelerometer for 7 days to measure their 1-week TEE. They took a capsule containing 20 radio-opaque markers for 3 days. On the 4th day and 7th day, a supine abdominal radiography was performed. According to the TEE of all study participants, the upper 30%, middle 30%, and lower 40% were classified into groups according to high (H), moderate (M), and low (L) physical activity. The mean total CTT was 52.0 hours. The segmental CTT for the right, left, and recto-sigmoid colon were 15.3 hours, 19.2 hours, and 17.4 hours. Total CTT in the H group was significantly shorter than that in the L group (p = .010). A comparison of the segmental CTT between the L, M, and H groups showed that the right CTT (p = .010) of the H group was significantly shorter than that of the M group. The left CTT of the M group (p = .028) and H group (p = .004) was significantly shorter than that of the L group. The recto-sigmoid CTT (p = .016) of the M group was significantly shorter than that of the L group. The study showed that moderate and high TEE was assisted with reduced CTT.
Psychology and rural America. Current status and future directions.

Rural people constitute about one fourth of the U.S. population, and their special mental health needs have been largely neglected. For a variety of reasons psychologists have focused little attention on this group. Recent economic developments affecting agriculture, farm families, and rural communities have increased awareness of problems facing rural areas. Psychologists can respond to the unique challenges created by rural mental health needs through research on stress, psychopathology, and community well-being. Training programs should be encouraged to recognize rural concerns. Psychologists are needed to practice in rural areas and to help develop effective rural service models. They can also support the development of state and federal policies that address rural needs.
Arterial Hypertension 2014 Guidelines of Taiwan Society of Cardiology ( TSOC ) for the Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a hemodynamic and pathophysiologic condition, defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure exceeding 25 mmHg at rest. According to the recent classifications, it is grouped into pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), heart-related, lung-related, thromboembolic, and miscellaneous PH. In the past two decades, tremendous advances have occurred in the field of PH. These include (1) development of clinical diagnostic algorithm and a monitoring strategy dedicated to PAH, (2) defining strong rationales for screening at-risk populations, (3) advent of pulmonary specific drugs which makes PAH manageable, (4) recognition of needs of having proper strategy of combining existing pulmonary specific drugs, and/or potential novel drugs, (5) pursuit of clinical trials with optimal surrogate endpoints and study durations, (6) recognition of critical roles of PH/right ventricular function, as well as interdependence of ventricles in different conditions, especially those with various phenotypes of heart failure, and (7) for rare diseases, putting equal importance on carefully designed observation studies, various registries, etc., besides double blind randomized studies. In addition, ongoing basic and clinical research has led to further understanding of relevant physiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology and genetics of PH/PAH. This guidelines from the working group of Pulmonary Hypertension of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology is to provide updated guidelines based on the most recent international guidelines as well as Taiwan’s domestic research on PH. The guidelines are mainly for the management of PAH (Group 1) ; however the majority of content can be helpful for managing other types of PH.
Bacteria Modify Their Sensitivity to Chemerin-Derived Peptides by Hindering Peptide Association With the Cell Surface and Peptide Oxidation

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis alter the local skin microbiome and lead to complications such as persistent infection with opportunistic/pathogenic bacteria. Disease-associated changes in microbiota may be due to downregulation of epidermal antimicrobial proteins/peptides, such as antimicrobial protein chemerin. Here, we show that chemerin and its bioactive derivatives have differential effects on the viability of different genera of cutaneous bacteria. The lethal effects of chemerin are enhanced by bacterial-derived ROS-induced chemerin peptide oxidation and suppressed by stationary phase sigma factor RpoS. Insight into the mechanisms underlying changes in the composition of cutaneous bacteria during autoreactive skin disease may provide novel ways to mobilize chemerin and its peptide derivatives for maximum antimicrobial efficacy.
Understanding the Real State of Human Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis From Studies of Rodents and Non-human Primates

The concept of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has been widely accepted, and a large number of studies have been performed in rodents using modern experimental techniques, which have clarified the nature and developmental processes of adult neural stem/progenitor cells, the functions of AHN, such as memory and learning, and its association with neural diseases. However, a fundamental problem is that it remains unclear as to what extent AHN actually occurs in humans. The answer to this is indispensable when physiological and pathological functions of human AHN are deduced from studies of rodent AHN, but there are controversial data on the extent of human AHN. In this review, studies on AHN performed in rodents and humans will be briefly reviewed, followed by a discussion of the studies in non-human primates. Then, how data of rodent and non-human primate AHN should be applied for understanding human AHN will be discussed.
Gray Matter Differences Between Premature Pubertal Girls With and Without the Reactivation of the Hypothalamic—Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

The onset of puberty and related hormones exerts significant effects on brain morphometric and psychosocial development. The biological mechanisms underlying how the reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and puberty-related hormonal maturation sculpts human brain architecture remain elusive. To address this question, 105 premature pubertal girls (age 8–11 years) without menstruation underwent brain structural scanning on a 3T MR system, and the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation test was used to identify the reactivation of the HPG axis. Among the 105 girls, 63 were positive for HPG axis reactivation (HPG+), while the others showed negative (HPG-). Cortical thickness was calculated and compared between the two groups after adjusting for age. The brain regions showing inter-group differences were then extracted and correlated with the peak value of serum hormone after the LHRH stimulation test in entire sample. Compared to HPG- girls, HPG+ girls showed reduced cortical thickness mainly in the the right precuneus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus, while increased cortical thickness primarily in the left superior parietal lobe and right inferior parietal lobe. Linear-regression analysis revealed negative correlations between the cortical thickness of the right inferior parietal lobe with the peak value of FSH and the right precuneus with LH and E. These findings provide evidence to support the notion that the reactivation of HPG axis and changes of hormones during the early phase of hormonal maturation exert influences on the development of gray matter.
Frequency organization of delay-sensitive neurons in the auditory cortex of the FM bat, Myotis lucifugus.

1. The little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, employs biosonar pulses containing broadband frequency-modulated (FM) sounds of only one harmonic during the initial phases of echolocation. Neurons throughout the auditory cortex exhibit delay-dependent facilitation to artificial pulses and echoes at particular echo delays. Extracellular unit recordings of these delay-sensitive neurons determined the essential frequency components in the sound pair and their relative timing for evoking maximum facilitation. 2. The entire 60-kHz sweep of both the simulated pulse and echo were divided into four equal spectral quarters (Ist, IInd, IIIrd, and IVth), each linearly sweeping 15 kHz downward in 1 ms, to determine the spectral parts essential for maximal facilitation. Maximal facilitation was evoked equally by pulse-echo pairs in which the sound components consisted of either the entire 60-kHz FM sweeps or only the essential quarters. Most neurons required the IVth quarter of the pulse and the echo for delay sensitivity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the essential quarters swept excitatory frequencies just above inhibitory frequencies. 3. The spectral and temporal contributions to delay sensitivity were examined independently. The spectral content for each spectral quarter of echo was varied in echo delay, and the sound-pair responses were compared. Maximal facilitation in individual delay-sensitive neurons required both a specific part of the echo spectrum and a specific echo delay. 4. The FM sweeps of the essential pulse and echo quarters were further narrowed to their minimum bandwidth, and the essential pulse frequencies (EPFs) and essential echo frequencies (EEFs) were determined. Both the EPFs and EEFs averaged approximately 8 kHz in FM bandwidth and represented different spectral parts of the echolocation pulse emitted by this FM bat. All neurons showed delay sensitivity to search stimuli in which pulse-echo stimuli consisted of 15-kHz FM pairs. 5. Delay sensitivity in virtually all neurons required pulse and echo components whose essential frequencies differed. However, some spectral overlap was found between the pulse and echo in 39% of these neurons. The majority of neurons (81%) required a pulse and echo in which their mean frequencies differed by < or = 16 kHz. This includes neurons with pulse and echo overlapping spectrally and those with sound components showing no overlap but separated by a relatively small frequency range. 6. The facilitative frequency-tuning curves of individual neurons were measured with their essential pulse and echo frequencies. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)