Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antennal responses of Cydia pomonella (L.) exposed to surfaces treated with methoxyfenozide

Electroantennogram (EAG) measurements were recorded from the antennae of male and female codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. , to determine whether adult moths exposed to surfaces treated with the ecdysteroid agonist methoxyfenozide experience a decline in their antennal reception and thus olfactory sensitivity. Such a phenomenon would offer a possible mechanism for the previously reported decreased responsiveness from moths treated with methoxyfenozide to pheromone‐ and plant volatile‐based monitoring lures. Mean EAG data revealed that the antennae from methoxyfenozide‐treated male moths appear to be just as sensitive to various doses of synthetic codlemone as the antennae from the control and surfactant‐treated moths, but they appeared to be less sensitive to the pheromone component 12OH (collected from female effluvia) than the control male antennae. Mean male EAG responses to the pheromone components E8,E10‐12Al and codlemone collected from methoxyfenozide‐treated females were significantly less than the responses towards those two pheromone components collected from the control and surfactant‐treated females. Female moth exposure to methoxyfenozide did not negatively impact the sensitivity of female antennae to the plant volatile pear ester, but it did towards the apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Data from this study show that adult C. pomonella exposure to methoxyfenozide‐treated surfaces does appear to negatively impact, in a minor way, the (i) olfactory sensitivity (or detection) of male antennae towards some components of the female sex pheromone, (ii) the female antennal sensitivity towards a key apple volatile and (iii) the attractiveness of female pheromone effluvia.
Potential of Different Light Intensities on the Productivity of Spirulina maxima

The cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms such as the cyanobacterium Spirulina maxima has been studied by researchers in many countries because these organisms can produce products with industrial potential. The growth of test alga Spirulina maxima a cyanobacterium is greatly affected by one of the most important climatic factor that is light. In the present study effect of different light intensities for the production of Spirulina maxima was studied. Productivity has been measured in terms of biomass (g/ml). At 5000 lux light intensity the dry weight of Spirulina maxima was 0.72g/500ml.
Trends in Beneficial and Pathogenic Bacterial Populations and their Relation with Environmental Parameters in Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon Culture Ponds

In aquaculture pond environment, application of several inputs leads to deterioration of pond bottom resulting in build up of toxicants like, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Hence it is essential to understand the beneficial effects of bacterial populations involved in nitrogen and sulphur recycling and the shifts in the opportunistic bacterial pathogens. The present investigation reports the influence of farm level interventions (fermented juice, soil and water probiotics) on nitrogen [Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB)] and sulphur [Sulphur oxidizing and reducing bacteria (SOB and SRB)] recycling bacteria, opportunistic pathogens (Vibrio spp.) and total cultivable bacterial load and their relation with physico-chemical parameters of soil and water in three tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon culture ponds in Gujarat, India. During the culture period variation in different bacterial populations (x103 ml−1) was observed; AOB: 4 to 28 (13±6) and 4 to 20 (12±5), NOB: 4 to 28 (12±7) and 4 to 28 (14±6), SOB: 15 to 39 (23±8) and 15 to 120 (84±74), SRB: 15 to 39 (96.5±89) and 20 to 240 (166±75) in water and sediment samples respectively. Similar fluctuation was also noticed in water and sediment with respect to populations of presumptive Vibrio count (WPVC, SPVC) and total (heterotrophic) plate bacteria (WTPC and STPC). The hardness and alkalinity in pond waters was dominated by calcium and bicarbonate: ionic concentrations relate to organic carbon in soil and total ammonia N (TAN) (r=0.51) in water, AOB and nitrate N (r=0.59), TAN and WTPC (r=0.71)/WPVC (r=0.47), SOB vs NOB were positively correlated. The study indicated the importance of both groups of recycling bacteria in maintaining the pond water parameters at optimum level and to control the opportunistic pathogens in the culture environment.
Night interruption lighting is beneficial in the production of plugs of Dahlia 'Sunny Rose'

Additional index words. geophyte, herbaceous perennial, tuberization, Dahlia sp. , photoperiod Abstract. Experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of photoperiod on growth and dry-weight partitioning in Dahlia sp. 'Sunny Rose' during both seedling (plug) production and subsequent production in 10-cm pots. Plugs were grown under short days (9-hour natural photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)) or long days (same 9-hour PPF plus a 4-hour night interruption with incandescent light). Total plant dry weight was unaffected by photoperiod; however, long days (LD) inhibited tuberous root development and increased shoot dry weight, fibrous root dry weight, leaf area, shoot length, and number of leaf pairs. Long days reduced plug production time by ≈1 week compared with short days (SD). Following transplanting to 10-cm pots, shoot growth and foliar development were superior under LD. There was no effect of photoperiod on foliar N concentration. The superior growth of LD plugs following transplanting can be attributed to the plant being in a physiological state conducive to shoot expansion instead of storage.
Hatchling sex in the marine turtle Caretta caretta is determined by proportion of development at a temperature, not daily duration of exposure

Mean daily temperature in natural nests of freshwater turtles with temperature dependent sex determination is a poor predictor of hatchling sex ratios when nest temperatures fluctuate. To account for this, a mathematical model has been developed on the assumption that hatchling sex depends on the daily proportion of embryonic development that occurs above the threshold temperature for sex determination rather than the proportion of time spent above the threshold. The model predictions are borne out by experiments using the marine turtle Caretta caretta. Average developmental rates, both overall and during the period that sexual differentiation is sensitive to temperature, are unaffected by diel fluctuations about the mean incubation temperature. Sex ratios, on the other hand, were affected by diel fluctuations and ranged from ca. 100% males under regimes 26 ± 0°C and 26 ± 3°C to 100% females for regimes 26 ± 7°C and 26 ± 8°C. These and intermediate sex ratios were in close agreement with model predictions. Demonstration of an impact of temperature on sex, while holding overall developmental rate constant, gives support to hypotheses invoking a direct role for temperature rather than alternative hypotheses invoking overall developmental rate as a more proximal influence on sex. The model explains why mean temperature is a poor predictor of hatchling sex ratios. It urges caution in using “hours above the threshold” for predicting sex ratios, because 1 hr at 1°C above the threshold will not be equivalent to 1 hr at 4°C above the threshold. It provides a general framework for integrating experiments at constant temperatures with those in the field or laboratory using fluctuating regimes. It provides greater scope for exploring how reptiles with temperature dependent sex determination might respond to climatic change or other disturbances to the incubation environment. And it provides an explanation of why secondary factors such a hydric conditions and oxygen potentials might influence hatchling sex, even if temperature acts directly to influence sex ratios rather than through its influence on overall developmental rate. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Níveis de energia no desempenho e características da carcaça de cordeiros alimentados em creep feeding

RESUMO - O trabalho foi realizado no Setor de Ovinocultura da Universidade de Marilia, objetivando estudar os efeitos de tres niveis de energia (2,6; 2,8 e 3,0 Mcal EM/kg MS) na racao de cordeiros inteiros Suffolk criados em creep feeding, sobre o desempenho e caracteristicas de carcaca. Na paricao numerava-se e registravam-se o peso ao nascer dos cordeiros que, posteriormente, foram distribuidos aleatoriamente, compondo doze repeticoes por tratamento. As racoes foram isoproteicas (18,46% PB) fornecidas ad libitum duas vezes ao dia, pesandose as respectivas sobras. Os cordeiros foram pesados a cada 14 dias, permanecendo com as ovelhas ate atingirem o peso vivo final, preestabelecido em 31 kg. Em seguida, os cordeiros permaneceram em jejum alimentar por 16 horas, ate o momento do abate, obtendo-se o peso vivo ao abate. Apos o abate, registraram-se o s pesos da carcaca quente e do conteudo digestivo, para o calculo do peso de corpo vazio. As carcacas permanecerem por 24 horas na câmara de refrigeracao em temperatura de 5 o C, obtendo-se o peso da carcaca fria. Para o ganho medio diario ocorreu diferenca significativa entre os tratamentos, utilizando-se como covariavel a idade de abate, com melhor desempenho para os cordeiros que receberam a racao com 3,0 Mcal EM. Para as caracteristicas da carcaca nao houve efeito dos tratamentos. Concluiuse que o nivel 3,0 Mcal EM foi o mais indicado para a racao de cordeiros Suffolk alimentados e terminados em creep feeding.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Ligands Inhibit α5 Integrin Gene Transcription in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells

We previously showed that fibronectin stimulates the growth of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells through integrin α5β1–dependent signals. We also demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)γ ligands inhibit lung carcinoma cell growth. Because α5β1 activation elicits cellular signals linked to cell survival and regulation of cell cycle progression, we studied the effects of PPARγ ligands on its expression. We found that PPARγ ligands decreased mRNA and protein expression of the α5 subunit of the α5β1 heterodimer in NSCLC; this was associated with reduced NSCLC adhesion to fibronectin. The suppressive effect of the PPARγ ligands BRL 49653 and GW1929, but not PGJ2, on α5 gene expression were reversed by GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ. GW1929 activated the extracellular regulated kinase (Erk), and an inhibitor of the Erk pathway (PD98095) prevented its effect on α5. PPARγ ligands also reduced α5 gene promoter activity, and this was blocked by Erk antisense oligonucleotides. P.
Fungal endophytes of grasses.

Mutualistic interactions between species are receiving increased attention from ecologists, although research lags far behind analogous work on competition or predator-prey interactions. Most research has focused on rather showy mutualisms such as pollination or fruit dispersal and has suggested that mutualisms are more important in tropical communities than in temperate communities (67). Plant-microbial mutualisms, in contrast, have prompted little ecological research. Plant-microbial associations are more difficult to observe and manipulate than plant-animal associations. Many plants are always infected (e.g. legumes by rhizobia, forest trees by mycorrhizal fungi), so it is easy to consider the microorganisms merely as a special type of plant organ. Further, plant-microbial mutualisms historically have been outside the realm of ecology, in other areas of biology like microbiology and mycology. Recent research has revealed a widespread mutualistic association between grasses, our most familiar and important plant family, and endophytic fungi. Asymptomatic, systemic fungi that occur intercellularly within the leaves, stems, and reproductive organs of grasses have dramatic effects on the physiology, ecology, and reproductive biology of host plants. Through the production of toxic alkaloids, endophytic fungi defend their host plants against a wide range of insect and mammalian herbivores. Poisoning of domestic livestock has spurred a great deal of research on endophytic fungi in pasture grasses. This research has shown clearly that plants benefit from
Hydrocarbon Distribution in Epicuticular Waxes of Five Euphorbia Species

Abstract The distribution pattern of hydrocarbons in the surface waxes of five species of Euphor biaceae, E.caducifolia, E.helioscopia, E.milii, E.royleana and E.tirucalli was studied. In addition to homologous series of n-alkanes, minor quantities of unsaturated and branched hydrocarbons were also detected. Some of the branched chain hydrocarbons could be explained as having originated from isoprene units and the substituents corresponding to diterpenes and triterpenes.
The Ins and Outs of Nondestructive Cell-to-Cell and Systemic Movement of Plant Viruses

Propagation of viral infection in host plants comprises two distinct and sequential stages: viral transport from the initially infected cell into adjacent neighboring cells, a process termed local or cell-to-cell movement, and a chain of events collectively referred to as systemic movement that consists of entry into the vascular tissue, systemic distribution with the phloem stream, and unloading of the virus into noninfected tissues. To achieve intercellular transport, viruses exploit plasmodesmata, complex cytoplasmic bridges interconnecting plant cells. Viral transport through plasmodesmata is aided by virus-encoded proteins, the movement proteins (MPs), which function by two distinct mechanisms: MPs either bind viral nucleic acids and mediate passage of the resulting movement complexes (M-complexes) between cells, or MPs become a part of pathogenic tubules that penetrate through host cell walls and serve as conduits for transport of viral particles. In the first mechanism, M-complexes pass into neighboring cells without destroying or irreversibly altering plasmodesmata, whereas in the second mechanism plasmodesmata are replaced or significantly modified by the tubules. Here we summarize the current knowledge on both local and systemic movement of viruses that progress from cell to cell as M-complexes in a nondestructive fashion. For local movement, we focus mainly on movement functions of the 30 K superfamily viruses, which encode MPs with structural homology to the 30 kDa MP of Tobacco mosaic virus, one of the most extensively studied plant viruses, whereas systemic movement is primarily described for two well-characterized model systems, Tobacco mosaic virus and Tobacco etch potyvirus. Because local and systemic movement are intimately linked to the molecular infrastructure of the host cell, special emphasis is placed on host factors and cellular structures involved in viral transport.
Mycosphaerella spp. on Eucalyptus in Asia: new species, new hosts and new records.

Leaf spots caused by Mycosphaerella spp. are of increasing concern in eucalypt plantations around the world, but few species have been reported infecting eucalypts in Asia. From leaf material collected in China, Vietnam and Indonesia, we describe three new Mycosphaerella spp. ; M. vietnamiensis, M. obscuris and M. yunnanensis. Mycosphaerella crystallina, previously known only from South Africa, and M. stramenticola, previously reported from Eucalyptus leaf litter in Brazil, are new records. Mycosphaerella citri, an important pathogen of citrus, was found infecting Eucalyptus. Mycosphaerella marksii and M. suttoniae, which have been previously reported in Asia, were regularly encountered. Pseudocercospora spp. were also common throughout the region. This study highlights the potential biodiversity of Mycosphaerella spp. on eucalypts in South-East Asia.
Genetics of yield determining factors in spring wheat over environments

Genetics of yield determining factors was studied in a set of 10 X 10 half-diallel progenies (F1 and F2) of springwheat over three environments. The results of components of variance analysis pooled over environments revealed that both additive (D) and nonadditive (H1 and H2)components of variation were involved in the expression of almost all the characters in F1 as well as F2 generations. However, the nonadditive components were higher than additive component excegt in few cases in F1 where the additive component was preponderant. The {H1/D)1/2 values revealed overdominance for all the characters in both generations except for days to heading, plant height, peduncle length, spike length and spikelets per spike in F1, where partial dominance was recorded. The values of Fexhibited excess of dominant alleles for days to heading, days to maturity, spikelets per spike (F1 and F2) and peduncle length (F2), and directional dominance of the decreasing genes for plant height and spike length (F2. Biparentalmating and/ordiallel selective mating system could be the best breeding method for more tangible advancement in spring wheat.
Zinc Effect on Chlorophyll a, Total Carbohydrate, Total Protein Contents and Biomass of Cyanobacterial Species

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of various zinc concentrations (2.5 mg/l to 80 mg/l) on biomass, chlorophyll a, total carbohydrate and total protein contents of 10 cyanobacterial species. Biomass, chlorophyll a and carbohydrate content in all of cyanobacterial species were measured by spectrophotometric method. Zinc is toxic to these organisms causing severe inhibition of such physiological process as growth, chlorophyll a, carbohydrate and protein contents at concentrations less than 10 mg/l. Anabaena sp. GO1 and Gloeothece sp. GO9 were partly stimulated at lower zinc concntration (2.5 mg/l). In the high concentrations of zinc is more than 10 mg/L, biomass and other parameters of all cultures were completely reduced, except Anabaena sp. GO2 species.
Ameliorating impact of exogenously applied of methanol and nano TiO2 on antioxidant enzymes and seed oil of borage under water shortage

The aim of the present investigation was to determine ameliorating impact of exogenously applied of methanol and nano TiO2 on antioxidant enzymes and seed oil of borage, under water shortage. Therefore, this study was conducted in 2012 as a split factorial on the basis complete randomized block design with four replications in the city of Shahriyar in Iran. Treatments consisted of no stress (once every 7 d) and deficit irrigation (once every 14 d) in the main plots; 0% (control; sprayed with water), 15%, 35% and 45% (v/v) concentrations of methanol aqueous solution; and 0, 0.01%, 0.03% and 0.05% titanium dioxide nanoparticle concentrations applied to the sub-plots. Deficit irrigation increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the oil percentage and MDA, but decreased protein content, and seed and oil yield. The binary interaction effects of deficit irrigation and methanol and the interaction of deficit irrigation and nano-TiO2 were significant for all traits except oil percentage. Foliar application of methanol and nano TiO2 sprays individually had the highest protein content and seed and oil yield, especially in the stress condition. The application of methanol and nano TiO2 individually under deficit irrigation showed the highest activity for antioxidant enzymes and the least for MDA. The lowest antioxidant enzymes was achieved by 45% (v/v) methanol and no application of nano TiO2 under no stress irrigation; however, this concentration produced the lowest seed and oil yield. The 45% v/v concentration of methanol treatment under deficit irrigation, performed best with higher oil yield, protein and antioxidant enzymes.
Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Phosphorus Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous phytase on rumen fermentation characteristics, the phosphorus (P)-flow at the duodenum and the P-balance in lactating dairy cows. For this purpose ruminal and duodenally fistulated cows were assigned to one of three dietary treatments: high P (HP) diet (n=7) provided a total of 45 g/d of P, archived by a supplementation of dicalcium phosphate to the diet; low P (LP) diet (n=5) provided 34 g/d of P without supplementation; LP+phytase (LP+PHY) diet (n=5) provided 34 g/d of P supplemented with an exogenous phytase. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily. In the first week of a sampling period P-balance was determined. Samples of ruminal fluid were taken and duodenal chyme was collected in the second sampling week. Ruminal pH and the concentration of volatile fatty acids were not different between the treatments. The HP-group shows a higher P-flow at the duodenum than other groups. No differences in apparent total tract P-digestibility were found between the treatments. The P-balance in the HP-group (2.6 g/d) was higher compared to the LP (-3.2 g/d) and LP+PHY (-3.0 g/d) group. Overall, phytase supplementation had no effect on P-digestibility in lactating dairy cows.
Mycosphaerella fijiensis : diversity and possibilities for the early screening of germplasm for resistance

Concernant la diversite genetique de Mycosphaerella fijiensis, les objectifs de la recherche sont : a) d'etudier la diversite genetique de M. fijiensis et de caracteriser les populations avec des marqueurs moleculaires (marqueurs selectivement neutres); b) de quantifier l'importance de la variabilite pathogene en utilisant un ensemble differentiel de varietes de Musa (marqueurs de pathotypes); c) de selectionner un ensemble de pathotypes qui representent la pleine diversite des populations du pathogene en termes de virulence et d'agressivite; d) d'elaborer des strategies pour une gestion efficace des genes de resistance permettant une resistance durable a la cercosporiose noire. Concernant le developpement de methodes de criblage precoce pour determiner la reaction a la cercosporiose noire, les objectifs de la recherche sont : a) l'amelioration des techniques d'inoculation artificielle sous conditions controlees; b) le developpement de la selection biochimique par marqueurs; c) l'utilisation de techniques de criblage in vitro avec des toxines de M. fijiensis
Comparison Effect of different Seed priming methods on Sunflower Germination and seedling growth

Seed priming is a method improving seed germination and seedling establishment under stressful conditions. It has been successfully demonstrated to improve germination and emergence in seeds of many crops. This study was conducted to evaluation effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG), urea and potassium nitrate (KNO3) priming on sunflower germination traits and early growth. The study included two experiments based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The first and second experiment consisted comparison urea with PEG and KNO3 with PEG, respectively; which each priming method had four levels (0.00, -0.05, -0.10 and -0.15 bar). The result showed that urea and KNO3 priming had no positive and significant effect on germination percentage, while significantly increased radicle and shoot length. Also PEG in both experiments significantly decreased germination percentage and increased seedling growth. Increasing effect of urea and KNO3 seed priming on seedling growth was more than PEG, thus these increasing effect of urea and KNO3 priming could be due to seed nutrition.