Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rheological properties, oxidative stability and sensory evaluation of enzymatically synthesized medium-and long-chain triacylglycerol-based salad dressings

The rheological properties of various oil-based salad dressings were investigated. The shear rate-shear stress study based on Power Law's model indicated pseudoplastic fluid behaviors of dressings prepared in this study. Soybean- and medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT)-based dressings treated with different antioxidants showed similar rheological behaviors based on the changes in the storage modulus, loss modulus, viscosity profile and loss tangent in the frequency, amplitude and temperature sweep study. The time-dependent study revealed similar thixotrophic properties between soybean- and MLCT-based dressings. Addition of synthetic or natural antioxidants reduced the rate of oil deterioration in oil-in-water emulsion as a function of time. No significant differences (p >0.05) in hydrolytic reaction of all dressing systems were observed throughout the 3 months of storage at 20 °C. Quantitative descriptive analysis using trained panelists revealed no significant differences (p >0.05) either in salad oils or salad dressings except for MLCT-based oils/dressings treated with oleoresin sage extracts, which showed darker and stronger odor intensity than other oil systems. Nevertheless, the overall quality of the physical appearance and organoleptic acceptability showed no significant differences (p >0.05) in all systems, indicating that MLCT-based blends can be used as healthy functional oils to replace soybean oil in food dressing applications.
Synthesis of Nickel−Nitrilotriacetic Acid Coupled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Directed Self-Assembly with Polyhistidine-Tagged Proteins

Nickel−nitrilotriacetic acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes have been synthesized for the directed, reversible self-assembly of polyhistidine-tagged macromolecules onto the nanotube surface. Carbon nanotubes were first covalently functionalized with 4-carboxybenzene diazonium salt, which rendered them water-soluble. The acid moieties on the carbon nanotube were covalently reacted with Nα,Nα-bis(carboxymethyl)-l-lysine hydrate, forming amide bonds to the nanotube complex. The nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) moiety of the Nα,Nα-bis(carboxymethyl)-l-lysine was complexed with Ni2+ and used to specifically bind a polyhistidine-tagged photosynthetic reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides as a model system. We demonstrate that the histidine-tagged RC protein (RC-His) specifically binds to SWNT-NTA-Ni in a reversible manner. The free RC-His in solution can be removed through histidine binding to Ni-NTA-agarose resin and purified by filtration. This approach allows for both positional and ori.
Exciton Transport in Suspended Single Carbon Nanotubes Studied by Photoluminescence Imaging Spectroscopy

We studied the spatial profiles and time traces of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using a microscopic PL imaging technique. These PL images, obtained in different gases, showed that adsorbed oxygen molecules act as PL quenchers in SWNTs. The exciton transport length of suspended SWNTs was estimated to be ∼200 nm at room temperature. We found that the exciton transport and its temperature dependence are dominated by the diffusive motion of a one-dimensional exciton in a single carbon nanotube.
Impact of effective microorganisms and other biofertilizers on soil microbial characteristics, organic-matter decomposition, and plant growth.

Incubation and pot experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of commercially distributed biofertilizers (effective microorganisms [EM], BIOSTIMULATOR, BACTOFIL-A, and BACTOFIL-B) on soil microbial-biomass content and activity, net N mineralization in soil, and growth of Lolium perenne. According to the manufacturers, the products tested are based on microbial inoculants or organic growth stimulants, and are supposed to influence soil microbial properties and improve soil conditions, organic-matter decomposition, and plant growth. In the incubation experiment (40 d, 20.6°C, 50% maximum water-holding capacity), EM was repeatedly applied to soil together with different organic amendments (nonamended, chopped straw, and lupine seed meal). Under the experimental conditions of this study, no or only marginal effects of EM on organic C, total N, and mineral N in soil could be observed. In soil treatments without any organic amendment, EM suspension slightly enhanced microbial activity measured as soil CO 2 evolution. In soil with easily degradable plant residues (lupine seed meal), EM suspension had a suppressive effect on microbial biomass. However, comparisons with sterilized EM and molasses as the main additive in EM suspension showed that any effect of EM could be explained as a pure substrate effect without the influence of added living organisms. In the pot experiment with Lolium perenne (air-conditioned greenhouse cabin, 87 d, 16.8°C, 130 klxh d -1 light quantity), the products EM, BIOSTIMULATOR, BACTOFIL-A, and BACTOFIL-B were tested in soil with growing plants. The products were repeatedly applied for a period of 42 d. Within this study, no effects of the different biofertilizers on mineral N in soil were detectable. There were clear suppressive effects of all tested biofertilizers on microbial-biomass content and activity. Comparisons with sterilized suspensions showed that the effects were not due to living microorganisms in the suspensions, but could be traced back to substrate-induced processes.
Multiple Swelling of Pinewood (Pinus Sylvestris) in Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Ethanol, Acetone and Water

Samples of pinewood (Pinus Sylvestris) were swelled in ternary mixtures of ethanol – acetone – water. The tangential, radial and longitudinal swelling was measured and volumetric swelling of oven-dried samples was determined. Anomalous properties of binary and ternary liquid systems have cardinal influence on swelling of wood. Swelling in solutions was multiplied applying the same samples and a new solution with the same concentrations. Selected specimens were swelled in the same solution repeatedly to perform comparative tests. The values for re-swelling in new solutions were up to two times higher when the same solutions were used. Re-swelling resulted in gradual damping in swelling values. The SEM analysis showed that multiple swelling of wood in water causes decrease in the elasticity of the wood matter. The view of the latewood cells swelled in ethanol and acetone showed the disruption of compound middle lamella (CML). The enlargement of the cell apexes showed deeper impact of the water in ethanol-water mixture. When single swelling of wood in acetone – water mixtures did not reveal any substantial change in the wood structure, multiple swelling caused noticeable swelling of the S3 layer of the cell wall.
Comparison of mineral contents in 8 cultivars of pigmented brown rice

平成14年度産の色素米8品種のミネラルを,同一栽培地で栽培されたコシヒカリとの相対値で比較した. リンとカリウムのように植物の所要量が高いミネラルでは品種間差異が小さく,亜鉛のように所要量が小さいものでは大きくなる傾向を示した. この同一栽培地で栽培された特定品種との相対比較法は,産地間差異を少なくする可能性があり有効と考えられる.
Self-assembled three-dimensional graphene-based materials for dye adsorption and catalysis

A novel one-step strategy is proposed to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) graphene hydrogel (GH) by simultaneous self-assembly and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 90 °C under atmospheric pressure, using L-cysteine (L-Cys) as both templating and reducing agent. The preparation process can be completed within 3 h without producing any contamination, which is a fast, facile, economical and green method for the fabrication of GH. The freeze-dried product – graphene aerogel (GA) – has high mechanical strength and thermal stability, with hierarchical pore structure and large specific surface area. More importantly, the as-prepared GA exhibits outstanding adsorption capacity towards organic dyes, which could be a potential candidate for efficient adsorbents in water purification. In addition, the established method is successfully extended to the preparation of platinum nanoparticle (PtNP)-loaded 3D graphene materials via one-step simultaneous reduction and assembly of metal ions and GO. The as-obtained PtNPs/GA with free-standing structure can act as a heterogeneous catalyst for the chemical reduction of p-nitroaniline, which shows excellent catalytic activity. The developed method is promising for preparing other graphene-based multifunctional composite materials.
Influence of sputter power and N2 gas flow ratio on crystalline quality of AlN layers deposited at 823 K by RF reactive sputtering

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is increasingly demanded for use as a substrate for ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). A previous study investigated the influence of sputter conditions on the crystalline quality of AlN layers sputtered on nitrided sapphire substrate at 573 and 773 K using radio-frequency (RF) reactive sputtering. AlN layers were deposited at a higher substrate temperature of 823 K to investigate the influence of sputter power and N2 gas flow ratio on their crystalline quality in this study. The AlN layers were deposited in various conditions (sputter power, 200–900 W; N2 gas flow ratio, 30–70 vol%N2). The growth rate increased concomitantly with increasing sputter power and decreasing N2 gas flow ratio. The crystalline orientation improved with increasing sputter power, except for 900 W at 50 vol%N2. High-quality c-axis oriented AlN layers were sputtered with 700 W at 50 vol%N2, and with 800 W at 40 and 50 vol%N2. Results showed that edge dislocation was dominant in AlN layers sputtered with 800 W at 50 vol%N2 from cross-sectional images observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A facile location of goniometer tilt-axis position with respect to a single-crystal electron-diffraction pattern orientation

For single-crystal electron-diffraction studies requiring definition of the location of the microscope goniometer tilt axis with respect to the diffraction pattern orientation, a quick calibration can be made taking advantage of the methylene O⊥ (001) subcell diffraction pattern obtained from any of a certain series of isostructural long-chain compounds when they are tilted 30° about the monoclinic b* axis. Those crystals giving a symmetric O⊥ (001) diffraction pattern when the stage is tilted 30° have their b* axes parallel to the tilt axis.
Specific behaviour of stress relaxation in GexSi1−x films grown on porous silicon based mesa substrates: computer calculations

The physical system under study is a strained porous Si/Si/GeSi mesa stripe on a rigid Si substrate. We analyse the relaxation of elastic deformations in a pseudomorphic GeSi film using the finite element method. Calculations were carried out for stripes with a porosity of about 60% (the Young modulus is less than that of GeSi by a factor of ten). The widths of the stripe were 5 and 10 μm and larger, the heights were 1 and 5 μm. The calculations have proven that the relaxation is facilitated by the increase of the porous mesa height-to-width ratio (aspect ratio). However, the Si membrane (an ultra-thin Si film between the porous Si and GeSi films) decreases the value of elastic relaxation in the pseudomorphic layer. This effect is stronger for high aspect ratios. Contrary to the mesa stripe, an extensive porous Si layer cannot be a compliant substrate for the growth of a lattice-mismatched GeSi film. The residual elastic strains in GeSi films grown on porous mesa stripes appear to be much lower than those on non-porous mesas.
s-Process Zirconium in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains

The isotopic composition of zirconium in silicon carbide grains from the Murchison meteorite was measured by resonant ionization mass spectrometry of laser-ablated neutral atoms. These grains are condensates from the atmospheres of red giant stars that existed before the formation of our sun and solar system, and they contain records of nucleosynthesis in these stars. The r-process–dominated isotope zirconium-96 was depleted by more than a factor of 2 compared with the s-process–dominated isotopes zirconium-90, zirconium-91, zirconium-92, and zirconium-94, in agreement with expectations for neutron capture nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars.
Impacts of land management on fluxes of trace greenhouse gases

Abstract. Land use change and land management practices affect the net emissions of the trace gases methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as carbon sources and sinks. Changes in CH4 and N2O emissions can substantially alter the overall greenhouse gas balance of a system. Drainage of peatlands for agriculture or forestry generally increases N2O emission as well as that of CO2, but also decreases CH4 emission. Intermittent drainage or late flooding of rice paddies can greatly diminish the seasonal emission of CH4 compared with continuous flooding. Changes in N2O emissions following land use change from forest or grassland to agriculture vary between climatic zones, and the net impact varies with time. In many soils, the increase in carbon sequestration by adopting no‐till systems may be largely negated by associated increases in N2O emission. The promotion of carbon credits for the no‐till system before we have better quantification of its net greenhouse gas balance is naïve. Applying nitrogen fertilizers to forests could increase the forest carbon sink, but may be accompanied by a net increase in N2O; conversely, adding lime to acid forest soils can decrease the N2O emission.
Graft Copolymerization of (Dimethylamino)Ethyl Methacrylate onto Chitosan Initiated by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate

Abstract (Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was grafted onto chitosan using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator in acetic acid solution. The effects of reaction variables on the grafting percentage and efficiency percentage were investigated, including the amounts of monomer and initiator, reaction time and reaction temperature. The grafted copolymers were confirmed by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of TGA and DSC indicated the improvement of thermal stability for chitosan‐g‐poly(PDMAEMA). Solubility test revealed the improved hydrophilicity of grafted chitosan in aqueous acetic acid solution, and its swelled behavior in mixtures of glacial acetic acid and anhydrous ethanol (the ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, v/v). The grafted copolymer possessed amphiphilic structure and exhibited properties of polymeric surfactant.
Adsorption of VOCs from the Gas Phase to Different Minerals and a Mineral Mixture

Vapor adsorption is an important process for the environmental fate of many organic pollutants by influencing the transport and degradation processes in the environment. This work is part of an attempt to understand vapor adsorption by systematically studying the influence of adsorbent, adsorbate, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) on the adsorption equilibrium. Here adsorption to three well-defined minerals (hematite, corundum, and lime) was studied by a chromatographic method. An exponential decrease of the adsorption coefficients of all tested compounds on all adsorbents was found between 30 and 90% RH. Below 30%, the influence of relative humidity was even stronger. The same functional relationship had been found for quartz and clay minerals tested earlier (1, 2). We therefore hypothesize that this relationship may be valid for all minerals in general. Differences in the surface area-normalized adsorption on different mineral surfaces were found, and they were most distinct at low relative humidi.
Formation and dynamics of muonium centres in semiconductors—a new approach

Various processes of muonium atom formation in semiconductors via electron capture by a positive muon have been studied using μSR techniques, including those with applied electric field. Experiments in GaAs, GaP and CdS suggest that the electron is initially captured into a highly excited state, from which the cascade down to the muonium ground state goes through an intermediate weakly bound state determined by the electron effective mass and the dielectric constant of the host. The electronic structure of this weakly bound state is shown to be hydrogenic. The nature of the final (on the μSR timescale) muonium state depends on the energy releasing mechanisms in the cascade process. We suggest that muonium dynamics in semiconductors (including the effects of electric and magnetic fields and temperature) reflect the electron dynamics in weakly bound muonium state(s) in which the electron is delocalized over distances of about 100 A.
Multiresponsive Spiropyran-Based Copolymers Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Multiresponsive spiropyran-based random copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The polymers were prepared by the copolymerization of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with the photochromic monomer 1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-methacryloyloxyspiro(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline) (SP). The solvatochromic, pH, temperature, and light responsive behavior of the PDMAEMA-co-PSP polymers in solution was monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy. The copolymers exhibited “reverse photochromism” and stabilized the planar zwitterionic form of the chromophore, leading to “negative solvatochromism” upon increasing the polarity of the solvent, in contrast to a poly(methyl methacrylate)-co-PSP analogue which stabilized a nonpolar photoisomer and exhibited negligible sensitivity to the polarity of the surrounding medium, before irradiation. Moreover, the PDMAEMA-co-PSP copolymers exhibited a reversible pH-responsive character in aqueous media; the addition of a strong acid induced the SP-to-merocya.
High efficiency organic solar cells with spray coated active layers comprised of a low band gap conjugated polymer

Airbrush is a promising tool for large scale organic thin film deposition in photovoltaic devices fabrication. This paper reports a detailed study on solar cell performance using airbrush spray deposition for active layer composed with recently developed low band gap donor material poly[4,8-bis(1-pentylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4,7-diyl and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The effect of carrier solvent and substrate temperature on film morphology are studied; a formula in 1,2-dichlorobenzene sprayed at a substrate temperature of 80 °C is found to be the optimum condition that produces a peak power conversion efficiency of 5.8%.
The structure of phase III ammonium nitrate

Neutron powder diffractometer data from deuterated ammonium nitrate at 318 K have been used with the 05677408/80/092005 -04501.00 profile-refinement method to determine the crystal structure of phase III. The structure is disordered, with orthorhombic space group Pnma, a = 7.7184 (3), b = 5.8447 (1), c = 7.1624 (2) A, Z = 4. The orientations © 1980 International Union of Crystallography 2006 THE STRUCTURE OF PHASE III A M M O N I U M NITRATE of the ions and disorder of the NH4 ions have been determined, there being two alternative orientations for each NH 4 ion.
Effects of Exogenously Supplied Ammonium on Root Development of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings

The effect of potentially toxic concentrations of ammonium on root development of Scots pine seedlings raised on Perlite was investigated during growth periods of 3 or 10 weeks after sowing. It was shown that imbalanced ammonium nutrition led to conspicuous changes of root morphology provided the pH value in the medium was allowed to decrease to 3.9 due to the NH+4-dependent proton excretion into the rhizosphere. Ammonium toxicity could not be observed with seedlings treated either with ammonium nitrate or with ammonium chloride at pH 5.3 − 6.8. While the supply of NH+4 considerably inhibited root development the biomass production of the shoot was increased. Determination of the endogenous level of ammonium in roots and the leaf whorl exclude a simple causal correlation between ammonium toxicity and accumulated ammonium as has been postulated for herbaceous plants.
Theoretical study of the S1↔S0 spectroscopy of anthracene

Dispersed fluorescence spectra for S0 to S1 vibronic transitions in anthracene are computed using the semiempirical QCFF/PI approach plus corrections resulting from fits to experimental spectral intensities. Extensive comparisons are made with the experimental jet spectra. The nature and assignment of low lying levels are clarified within the normal mode picture, whereas higher energy spectra are shown to be considerably broadened by low order anharmonic corrections.
Atomic precision lithography on Si

Lithographic precision is as or more important than resolution. For decades, the semiconductor industry has been able to work with ±5% precision. However, for other applications such as micronanoelectromechanical systems, optical elements, and biointerface applications, higher precision is desirable. Lyding et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 11 (1999)] have demonstrated that a scanning tunneling microscope can be used to remove hydrogen (H) atoms from a silicon (100) 2 × 1 H-passivated surface through an electron stimulated desorption process. This can be considered e-beam lithography with a thin, self-developing resist. Patterned hydrogen layers do not make a robust etch mask, but the depassivated areas are highly reactive since they are unsatisfied covalent bonds and have been used for selective deposition of metals, oxides, semiconductors, and dopants. The depassivation lithography has shown the ability to remove single H atoms, suggesting the possibility of precise atomic patterning. This patterning proces.
Evaluation of Built‐In Potential and Loss Mechanisms at Contacts in Organic Solar Cells: Device Model Parameterization, Validation, and Prediction

Maximizing the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells requires the simultaneous optimization of its short‐circuit current density, fill factor, and open‐circuit voltage Voc. Several key parameters of the device model needed to understand these quantities have not been reliably determined, even for the prototypical poly(3‐hexylthiophene):phenyl‐C61‐methylbutyric ester (P3HT:PCBM) photoactive layer (PAL). Detailed analysis of the loss mechanisms at contacts and their rational optimization have not been possible. Here, using crosslinked P3HT network:PCBM cells with predefined ultrafine donor–acceptor morphology and very high internal quantum efficiencies, the built‐in potential Vbi is measured to decouple and reliably extract other key parameters of the cells. Using the refined device parameters, the general optimization of organic solar cells is evaluated and the following is established: i) The PAL composition of the first optical absorption optimum is displaced towards the more strongly absorbing component due to thin film effects. ii) The optimal cell configuration is the one in which the slower carrier travels on average the shorter distance to the collection contact, a consequence of the asymmetric photogeneration profile. iii) The absorption thickness optima follows a simple λp/nPAL scaling law, where λp is its absorption center wavelength and nPAL is the corresponding refractive index.