Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
600 V GaN vertical V-trench MOSFET with MBE regrown channel

GaN vertical power transistors have gained increasing interest in recent years due to the advantages over lateral transistors in high voltage/high current applications. To date, two major topologies have been studied most: gate-on-epi-surface (GoE) and gate-on-sidewall (GoS). The GoE devices include CAVET [1] and VDMOSFET-like transistors [2, 3]. The GoS devices include U-MOS or trench-MOSFETs with inversion channel [4, 5] or regrown AlGaN/GaN semi-polar channel [6], as well as depletion-mode MISFET [7]. The vertical MISFET is the simplest to fabricate, however, it does not have avalanche capabilities inherently besides being difficult to achieve sufficiently large Vth. It is easier for trench MOSFETs to achieve normally-off operation, high breakdown voltage (BV) and small footprint. However, it is challenging to achieve high mobility in the inversion channel. In contrast, CAVETs, VDMOS-like transistors and PolarMOS [3] utilize high mobility AlGaN/GaN channel to achieve low Ron, but the channel regrowth posts challenges in achieving low off-state leakage in un-gated regrowth interface. Recently, a novel design based on trench MOSFET is realized by MOCVD regrowth of a thin GaN interlayer [8]. Low Ron and high BV is achieved in the gated regrown channel. Similar to the other MOCVD regrown devices, the buried Mg-doped p-GaN needs to be re-activated by exposing the p-GaN surface during high temperature anneal. This leads to high thermal budget and poses limitations on device geometry. Furthermore, any incomplete activation of buried p-GaN leads to reduced BV. In this work, we design a V-shaped trench MOSFET with MBE regrown UID GaN channel. −600 V breakdown voltage with normally-off operation is demonstrated without the need for re-activation of the buried p-GaN. To our knowledge, this is the highest BV achieved in GaN vertical transistors with MBE regrown channel.
High-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet–induced Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Remodeling in Rats

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome including central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is increasing. Development of adequate therapy for metabolic syndrome requires an animal model that mimics the human disease state. Therefore, we have characterized the metabolic, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and pancreatic changes in male Wistar rats (8-9 weeks old) fed on a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet including condensed milk (39.5%), beef tallow (20%), and fructose (17.5%) together with 25% fructose in drinking water; control rats were fed a cornstarch diet. During 16 weeks on this diet, rats showed progressive increases in body weight, energy intake, abdominal fat deposition, and abdominal circumference along with impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased plasma leptin and malondialdehyde concentrations. Cardiovascular signs included increased systolic blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction together with inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, increased stiffness, and delayed repolarization in the left ventricle of the heart. The liver showed increased wet weight, fat deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis with increased plasma activity of liver enzymes. The kidneys showed inflammation and fibrosis, whereas the pancreas showed increased islet size. In comparison with other models of diabetes and obesity, this diet-induced model more closely mimics the changes observed in human metabolic syndrome.
A Markov Decision Process model for patient service sequence policy in digital subtraction angiography treatment

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a technique used in radiology to clearly visualize blood vessels in a bony or dense soft tissue environment. It is widely applied in traumatology department and orthopedics. Usually, the amount of doctors qualified for DSA is limited, so not all the patients in emergency will be treated immediately. Patient's condition may get worse because of treatment delay. Considering this situation, a finite-horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) model is proposed to solve this problem and improve current service quality in this paper. In this model, the priority for patients to have DSA is discussed when several patients, including patients with reservation and emergency patients, are waiting in the queue for treatment. The model is used to optimize the DSA service sequence policy, which aims to maximize the total rewards. The rewards include treatment rewards and postponing loss of all the patients. Simulation modeling is used to get computational results. Finally, the performance of the optimized policy is compared with the FCFS (first come first served) policy. The postponing loss of patients reduce by 53% and the total rewards of the hospital increase by 58%.
DBA-Lectin Reactivity Defines Mouse Uterine Natural Killer Cell Subsets with Biased Gene Expression1

ABSTRACT Endometrial decidualization, a process essential for blastocyst implantation in species with hemochorial placentation, is accompanied by an enormous but transient influx of natural killer (NK) cells. Mouse uterine NK (uNK) cell subsets have been defined by diameter and cytoplasmic granule number, reflecting stage of maturity, and by histochemical reactivity with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) reagent with or without co-reactivity with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) lectin. We asked whether DBA− and DBA+ mouse uNK cells were equivalent using quantitative RT-PCR analyses of flow-separated, midpregnancy (Gestation Day [gd] 10) cells and immunohistochemistry. CD3E (CD3)−IL2RB (CD122)+DBA cells were identified as the dominant Ifng transcript source. Skewed IFNG production by uNK cell subsets was confirmed by analysis of uNK cells from eYFP-tagged IFNG-reporter mice. In contrast, CD3E−IL2RB+DBA+ uNK cells expressed genes compatible with significantly greater potential for IL22 synthesis, angiogenesis, and participation in regulation mediated by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). CD3E−IL2RB+DBA+ cells were further divided into VEGFA+ and VEGFA− subsets. CD3E−IL2RB+DBA+ uNK cells but not CD3E−IL2RB+DBA− uNK cells arose from circulating, bone marrow-derived progenitor cells by gd6. These findings indicate the heterogeneous nature of mouse uNK cells and suggest that studies using only DBA+ uNK cells will give biased data that does not fully represent the uNK cell population.
Protein Analysis of Purified Respiratory Syncytial Virus Particles Reveals an Important Role for Heat Shock Protein 90 in Virus Particle Assembly*

In this study, we used imaging and proteomics to identify the presence of virus-associated cellular proteins that may play a role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) maturation. Fluorescence microscopy of virus-infected cells revealed the presence of virus-induced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and mature virus particles, the latter appearing as virus filaments. In situ electron tomography suggested that the virus filaments were complex structures that were able to package multiple copies of the virus genome. The virus particles were purified, and the protein content was analyzed by one-dimensional nano-LC MS/MS. In addition to all the major virus structural proteins, 25 cellular proteins were also detected, including proteins associated with the cortical actin network, energy pathways, and heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSC70, and HSP90). Representative actin-associated proteins, HSC70, and HSP90 were selected for further biological validation. The presence of β-actin, filamin-1, cofilin-1, HSC70, and HSP90 in the virus preparation was confirmed by immunoblotting using relevant antibodies. Immunofluorescence microscopy of infected cells stained with antibodies against relevant virus and cellular proteins confirmed the presence of these cellular proteins in the virus filaments and inclusion bodies. The relevance of HSP90 to virus infection was examined using the specific inhibitors 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. Although virus protein expression was largely unaffected by these drugs, we noted that the formation of virus particles was inhibited, and virus transmission was impaired, suggesting an important role for HSP90 in virus maturation. This study highlights the utility of proteomics in facilitating both our understanding of the role that cellular proteins play during RSV maturation and, by extrapolation, the identification of new potential targets for antiviral therapy.
Sentiment analysis of online Tamil contents using recursive neural network models approach for Tamil language

This paper proposes an approach involving Recursive Neural Network models for Tamil in improving the accuracy of a sentiment analyzer tool for Tamil language. To capture the meaning of phrases and thereby detecting the sentiment of them, Naïve Bayes approach and Hidden Markov Model algorithm take into consideration frequency of occurrence of keywords. Vector space models use term-document, word-context and pair-pattern matrices for the same. None of these models can capture the meaning of long phrases, ambiguous or sarcastic phrases accurately. Sentiment detection requires richer resources than just frequency of keywords. Recursive Neural Network models can be generated for Tamil language based on which sentiment analysis can be done. The accuracy of the results obtained can be enhanced using inter sentential sentiment prediction.
An experimental demonstration of a posteriori digital calibration of MIMO radar system

MIMO radar is a promising concept as demonstrated by many studies, especially for possible improvements in term of target detection and localization. Moreover, the transmission of orthogonal waveforms opens the door to more flexibility for system control and calibration, by making possible to transfer radar functions to the digital domain. Nevertheless, MIMO radar considerations have rarely been performed with real signals. At ONERA, a collocated MIMO-capable radar testbed has been specially designed and installed to perform experiments in real-world conditions. In this paper, we explain first how MIMO radar can bring more flexibility and performance for system control and calibration. In a second part, we introduce the MIMO radar testbed and the experiments we did with it, in a context of transmitter phase miscalibration. Then, we describe our method for the a posteriori calibration of transmission antenna phases. This method digitally aligns the phases of the transmitters directly in the received signal, in the case the transmitters are originally not fully calibrated, by choice or incidentally. Eventually, we present the results of this method applied to the experimental data.
Distinct roles for the mTOR pathway in postnatal morphogenesis, maturation and function of pancreatic islets

While much is known about the molecular pathways that regulate embryonic development and adult homeostasis of the endocrine pancreas, little is known about what regulates early postnatal development and maturation of islets. Given that birth marks the first exposure to enteral nutrition, we investigated how nutrient-regulated signaling pathways influence postnatal islet development in mice. We performed loss-of-function studies of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a highly conserved kinase within a nutrient-sensing pathway known to regulate cellular growth, morphogenesis and metabolism. Deletion of Mtor in pancreatic endocrine cells had no significant effect on their embryonic development. However, within the first 2 weeks after birth, mTOR-deficient islets became dysmorphic, β-cell maturation and function were impaired, and animals lost islet mass. Moreover, we discovered that these distinct functions of mTOR are mediated by separate downstream branches of the pathway, in that mTORC1 (with adaptor protein Raptor) is the main complex mediating the maturation and function of islets, whereas mTORC2 (with adaptor protein Rictor) impacts islet mass and architecture. Taken together, these findings suggest that nutrient sensing may be an essential trigger for postnatal β-cell maturation and islet development. Highlighted article: The nutrient-sensing pathway mTOR and its downstream effectors are required in the first two weeks of life for the morphogenesis, maturation and function of pancreatic islets in mice.
Proliferative effects of purified granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) on normal mouse hemopoietic cells

When granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), purified to homogeneity from mouse lung‐conditioned medium, was added to agar cultures of mouse bone marrcw cells, it stimulated the formation of small numbers of granulocytic colonies. At high concentrations of G‐CSF, a small proportion of macrophage and granulocyte‐macrophage colonies also developed. G‐CSF stimulated colony formation by highly enriched progenitor cell populations obtained by fractionation of mouse fetal liver cells using a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, indicating that G‐CSF probably acts directly on target progenitor cells. Granulocytic colonies stimulated by G‐CSF were small and uniform in size, and at 7 days of culture were composed of highly differentiated cells. Studies using clonal transfer and the delayed addition of other regulators showed that G‐CSF could directly stimulate the initial proliferation of a large proportion of the granulocvte‐macrophage progenitors in adult marrow and also the survival and/or proliferation of some multipotential, erythroid, and eosinophil progenitors in fetal liver. However, G‐CSF was unable to sustain continued proliferation of these cells to result in colony formation. When G‐CSF was mixed with purified granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) or macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), the combination stimulated the formation by adult marrow cells of more granulocyte‐macrophage colonies than either stimulus alone and an overall size increase in all colonies. G‐CSF behaves as a predominantly granulopoietic stimulating factor but has some capacity to stimulate the initial proliferation of the same wide range of progenitor cells as that stimulated by GM‐CSF.
New paradigm in ethylene signaling

The membrane protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), which is supposed to act between the soluble serine/threonine kinase CTR1 and the EIN3/EIL family of transcription factors, is a central and most critical element of the ethylene signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. In a recent study, we have identified that EIN2 interacts tightly with all members of the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor family – proteins that mark the starting point of the signaling pathway. Our studies show consistently that the kinase domain of the receptors is essential for the formation of the EIN2-receptor complex. Furthermore, mutational analysis demonstrates that phosphorylation is a key mechanism in controlling the interaction of EIN2 and the ethylene receptors. Interaction studies in the presence of the ethylene agonist cyanide revealed a causal link between hormone binding and complex formation. In the presence of the plant hormone agonist the auto-kinase activity of the receptors is inhibited and the non-phosphorylated kinase domain of the receptors binds tightly to the carboxyl-terminal domain of EIN2. In the absence of cyanide inhibition of the auto-kinase activity is relieved and complex formation with the phosphorylated kinase domain of the receptors is reduced. Our data suggest a novel model on the integration of EIN2 in the ethylene signaling pathway.
Simian virus 40 small-t antigen stimulates viral DNA replication in permissive monkey cells

The simian virus 40 (SV40) large-T antigen is essential for SV40 DNA replication and for late viral gene expression, but the role of the SV40 small-t antigen in these processes is still unclear. We have previously demonstrated that small t inhibits SV40 DNA replication in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effect of small t on SV40 replication in cultured cells. CV1 monkey cell infection experiments indicated that mutant viruses that lack small t replicate less efficiently than the wild-type virus. We next microinjected CV1 cells with SV40 DNA with and without purified small-t protein and analyzed viral DNA replication efficiency by Southern blotting. Replication of either wild-type SV40 or small-t deletion mutant DNA was increased three- to fivefold in cells coinjected with purified small t. Thus, in contrast to our in vitro observation, small t stimulated viral DNA replication in vivo. This result suggests that small t has cellular effects that are not detectable in a reconstituted in vitro replication system. We also found that small t stimulated progression of permissive monkey cells--but not of nonpermissive rodent cells--from G0-G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle, possibly leading to an optimal intracellular environment for viral replication.
Opioid receptor types and subtypes: the delta receptor as a model.

Since the discovery of opioid receptors over two decades ago, an increasing body of work has emerged supporting the concept of multiple opioid receptors. Molecular cloning has identified three opioid receptor types--mu, delta, and kappa--confirming pharmacological studies that previously postulated the existence of these three receptors. The cloned opioid receptors are highly homologous and belong to the family of seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. With the development of novel opioid ligands, subtypes of the mu, delta, and kappa receptors have been proposed, although the molecular basis of these subtypes has not been elucidated. In this review, we present the pharmacological data supporting the concept of multiple delta opioid receptor subtypes and offer hypothetical mechanisms which might generate these "subtypes. "
Micropush-out bond strengths of gutta-percha versus thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based systems - an ex vivo study.

AIM To compare the interfacial strength and failure mode of root fillings consisting of different technique-material combinations. METHODOLOGY Human mandibular premolars (n = 144) instrumented to apical size 40 and . 06 taper were divided into 12 experimental groups. The root canals were filled with either gutta-percha (groups 1-6) or Resilon (groups 7-12) core materials combined with AH Plus (groups 1, 4, 7, 10), Ketac-Endo (groups 2, 5, 8, 11) or Epiphany (groups 3, 6, 9, 12) using cold lateral compaction (groups 1-3, groups 7-9) or System B with Obtura II (groups 4-6, groups 10-12). Three serial 1.00 +/- 0.05-mm-thick root slices were prepared and push-out tests on the filling material were performed. Interactions amongst the compaction techniques, core materials and sealers were analysed using a three-way analysis of variance (anova) (P < 0.05). One-way anova and Duncan's Multiple Range tests were used to compare the bond strengths of the 12 groups. Fracture modes of all root slices were evaluated stereomicroscopically at x40 magnification. RESULTS All the parameters except compaction techniques had significant interactions (P < 0.05). A significant difference was found amongst the groups (P < 0.05). Gutta-percha/Ketac-Endo/cold lateral compaction and gutta-percha/AH Plus/cold lateral compaction groups had the highest micropush-out bond strength values (P < 0.05). The number of overall cohesive failures was significantly more than that of adhesive failures (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The push-out bond strengths of Resilon/Epiphany combinations were lower than those of gutta-percha/conventional root canal sealer combinations. Core materials and sealers may affect the push-out bond strengths of root canal filling materials.
Novel Screw Head Design of Pedicle Screw for Reducing the Correction Loss in the Patients With Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures: A Biomechanical Study

Study Design. A biomechanical study. Objective. To study the different biomechanical property among fixed-axis, monoplanar and polyaxial screws in the static and dynamic tests. Summary of Background Data. Correction loss is a common phenomenon in the patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures who underwent the posterior pedicle screw fixation. The incidence varies with the kinds of fixation instrumentation used. There is higher incidence in polyaxial pedicle screws group than in fixed-axis pedicle screws. Monoplanar pedicle screws, which are mobile in the axial plane but fixed in the sagittal plane, can be a better fixation instrumentation for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures in theory. Methods. A total of 30 porcine spinal units (L2–L4) were used for the static and dynamic tests, which were randomized into six groups (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3). Static test was performed in A1, A2, and A3. In this test, fixed-axis, monoplanar, and polyaxial screws were performed in A1, A2, and A3, respectively. The ultimate load was noted after tested. In addition, dynamic test was performed in B1, B2, and B3, used fixed-axis, monoplanar, and polyaxial screws, respectively. Correction loss (head-shank angle shift and anterior vertebral body height shift) was obtained and analyzed in each mode. Results. In static test, fixed-axis and monoplanar screws had significantly higher ultimate load than polyaxial screws (P < 0.05) and fixed-axis screws had a little higher ultimate load than monoplanar screws (P < 0.05). In dynamic test, correction loss was minimal in fixed-axis screws, medium in monoplanar screws, and maximal in polyaxial screws. However, the differences were statistically significant in all comparisons but not in the comparison of fixed-axis and monoplanar screws (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The findings from the current study suggest that monoplanar screws can significantly increase the stiffness in axial direction compared with polyaxial screws, and reduce the risks of correction loss. For thoracolumbar vertebral fractures, monoplanar screw is a better optional instrumentation for minimally invasive surgery. Level of Evidence: N/A
Doctor-patient communication and satisfaction with care in oncology

Purpose of review This review summarises current knowledge on the impact on patient satisfaction of initiatives undertaken to enhance the communication between doctors and their patients in oncology. Recent findings Recent studies have assessed the effectiveness of different approaches aimed at improving doctor-patient communication in oncology. These have been assessed on outcomes related to the patient (e.g., anxiety, quality of life, medical knowledge, satisfaction) or to the doctor (e.g., communication behaviour, attitudes). Patient satisfaction has been recognised as a particularly relevant outcome, and a positive effect of recent initiatives to improve the interaction between cancer patients and their doctors on patient satisfaction has been suggested. Summary To better respond to cancer patients' health care needs, various strategies focusing on doctor-patient communication have been developed. Addressing patients' overall needs and sharing complex information in an emotionally charged context and under time constraints is a daily challenge for the oncology clinician, resulting often in cancer patients' dissatisfaction. Recent interventions elaborated to facilitate doctor-patient communication in oncology focus on patients, such as handing out of videos or written preparatory information; on doctors, such as patients' self-rating feedback to doctors or communication skills trainings; or on both, such as the audiotaping of the consultation or the provision of decision aids. Although these strategies offer promising results, further research should be implemented to assess their appropriateness across sociocultural contexts and their long-term effectiveness in clinical practice.