Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A transfer advantage of learning diagrammatic representations of mathematics

This study examined learning and transfer of a simple mathematical concept when learning a symbolic sentential format versus learning a diagrammatic format. Undergraduate college students learned an instantiation of a cyclic group and were then given a test of a novel isomorphic group of the same order followed by a test of a novel non-isomorphic group of a higher order. The results were that both the sentential and the diagrammatic formats led to successful learning and transfer to the novel isomorphic group. However, only learning from the diagrammatic representation produced successful transfer to the non-isomorphic group. These findings suggest that learning a diagrammatic representation of a mathematical concept can have transfer advantages over learning strictly sentential formats.
Consumer Perception of Corporate Activism: Strategic Implication for Marketing

Does corporate activism effect the likelihood of a consumer to buy a specific product? We collected primary data from a random sample of 272 individuals to understand consumer perceptions and decision drivers when businesses decide to pursue corporate activism. Our goal was to aid marketers and corporations better identify and satisfy the needs and wants of socially conscious consumers. Four campaigns were presented from different product categories, respondents and survey questions revolved around how campaigns affected a purchase of a particular brand and its products. Our findings indicate that corporations should be involved in some form of corporate activism. Even negative campaigns (although undesirable) get people talking about a particular company. It is up to the management to be able to make sure that the campaigns will be well perceived by a majority of the public in order to help increase brand equity, as a significant amount of people tend to have their buying habits affected by corporate activism campaigns.
Rasio Keuangan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah

Financial Ratio and It's Impact on Profitability in The Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks Islamic rural banks same like as usual Islamic commercial banks that profit oriented. The aim of this research is to examine the factors that influenc the profitability in Islamic rural banks. The methods that used in this research is multiple regression. The result shows that only efficiency operational ratio (BOPO) and non-performing finance (NPF) that had impact on profitability. The profitability measured by return on asset (ROA). Otherwise, financing to deposit ratio (FDR) and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) doesn’t had an impact on Islamic rural bank’s profitability. This research implies that Islamic rural banks should increase the operational efficiency and reduce the non-performing finance. DOI: 10.15408/ess.v7i1. 4076
When Does a Cross Product on R^{n} Exist?

It is probably safe to say that just about everyone reading this article is familiar with the cross product and the dot product. However, what many readers may not be aware of is that the familiar properties of the cross product in three space can only be extended to R^{7}. The intention of this article is to provide a new constructive elementary proof (i.e. could be included in an linear algebra undergraduate text) of this classical result which is accessible to a wide audience.
The design of a multi‐dimensional LC‐SPE‐NMR system (LC2‐SPE‐NMR) for complex mixture analysis

In this communication, we describe the design of an online multi‐chromatographic approach to the routine NMR analyses of low‐level components (∼0.1%) in complex mixtures. The technique, termed LC2‐SPE‐NMR, optimally combines multi‐dimensional liquid chromatography with SPE technology for isolating, enriching and delivering trace analytes to the NMR probe. The fully automated LC2‐SPE‐NMR system allows for maximal loading capacity (in the first, preparative LC dimension), close to optimal peak resolution (in the second, analytical LC dimension) and enhanced sample concentration (through SPE). Using this system, it is feasible to conveniently conduct a wide range of NMR experiments on, for example, drug impurities at the low microgram per milliliter level, even for components poorly resolved in the first dimension. Such a sensitivity gain significantly elevates the analytical power of online NMR technology in terms of the level at which substances of pharmaceutical significance can be structurally characterized. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of Mycobacteriophage DS6A I. Immunogenicity in Rabbits∗

Summary The antigenicity of mycobacteriophage DS6A was determined in rabbits. The concentration of antibody produced was low (K values 10 or less). The amount of antibody produced appears to be dependent on the method of immunization. Bacteriophage DS6A appears to be serologically unrelated to mycobacteriophages D29, R1, and Leo by neutralization tests.
Investigation of Cycling-Induced VT Instabilities in NAND Flash Cells via Compact Modeling

Cycling-induced threshold-voltage instabilities in NAND Flash memory arrays are investigated via compact modeling of the NAND string. Calibration against experimental data allows the extraction of the model parameters and of their dependence on cycling dose and post-cycling bake time. Results are used to study the impact of charge trapping/detrapping in the tunnel oxide and interface state generation/annealing on the damage creation and recovery dynamics. It is shown that the former mechanism represents the main responsible for threshold-voltage instabilities, while interface states come into play at high read currents, accelerating the threshold-voltage transients and lowering their activation energy during bakes below 1.1eV.
Gynaecology on the Net: evaluation of the information on hysterectomy contained in health-related web sites

The popularity of the Internet is expanding rapidly and the number of patients accessing health-related web sites before a clinical consultation is increasing every day. Using popular Internet search engines we retrieved 26 health-related web sites containing patient information on hysterectomy. The web sites underwent a general evaluation on the base of principles of conduct suggested in the literature. The accuracy of the information was then compared with the one provided in the information leaflet produced by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. There were only a few cases identified of misleading contents and, in general, the information was found to be accurate but rarely comprehensive. Poor adherence to some basic principles of conduct was also noticed.
A case of dysphagia following botulinum toxin injection for neck rejuvenation

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) is now extensively employed for cosmetic concerns. Upper face rejuvenation, including glabella frown lines and crow's feet lines, received FDA approval for cosmetic uses. However, other off‐label uses for lower face conditions have been employed for texture and contouring purposes, including masseter hypertrophy and vertical banding of the neck. BTX‐A for rejuvenation of the aging neck is an effective and popular treatment with high patient satisfaction rates. Alleviating the aging appearance of the neck by BTX‐A is the result of denervation of hyperkinetic platysma. Concerning an extensive area of treatment and the relationship of treated muscles with other nearby muscles, dermatologists should be aware of potential adverse effects of the BTX‐A injection. We herein present a case of dysphagia following botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of platysma bands.
Why Do Saudi High Schools' Graduates Enroll in the Colleges of Technology: A Case Study?

The paper aims at elaborating a strategy regarding students’ admission at the colleges of technology in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Purposely, the study surveys the opinion of the students attending the Jeddah College of Technology (J.C.T) and reports on seven socio-economic factors, specifically, the J.C. T. evaluation system, the high school G.P.A, the training period, the trainee “gut feel”, the scholarship, the professional project at graduation and the family financial support. A proportionate stratified random sample of 340 students has been drawn and asked to rate the influence of each factor upon their decision making prior enrolling the J.C. T. The sample has managed students who emanate from 11 sections (sub-strata) and four independent Depts. , Management & Tourism, Mechanical Technology, Electrical Technology and Civil & Architecture. As we seek to ascertain different factors weights on the students’ decision making, the study has considered three major pooling schemes (strata), i) as per Depts. , ii) as per seniority at the J.C. T, iii) and, as per the living location. For the pooling methods, one another, we investigated the correlation between the students’ decision making to enroll at the J.C. T. and each one of the study factors as cited beforehand. The Chi-square test is used to assess such a categorical association. Finally, a formal method was devised to determine the factors prevalence based on the Chi-square significance level and the number of the pooling schemes wherein the test has proven significant at 5% of significance level. The research findings have showed that the “high school G.P.A” and the “J.C. T evaluation system” factors are the most influential, orderly.
Deficiency of glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol anchored proteins on paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) neutrophils and monocytes: heterogeneous deficiency of decay‐accelerating factor (DAF) and CD16 on PNH neutrophils

Glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane proteins have been reported to be deficient on affected paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) blood cells. In the present study we investigated the deficiency of several GPI anchored membrane proteins on PNH neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes from 10 patients with PNH. Decay‐accelerating factor (DAF) and FcyR‐III (CD 16) on PMN, DAF and CD14 on monocytes, were investigated by two‐colour immunofluorocytometry. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity was also assayed on PNH neutrophils. Normal human PMN were always shown phenotypically to be DAF+/CD16+. A DAF−/CD16− subpopulation of PMN was demonstrated in all the patients studied. In six out of the 10 patients, deficiencies of DAF and CD16 were found simultaneously on affected PNH PMN. The percentage of DAF− PMN showed a positive correlation with the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score. However, it should be noted that, in four out of the 10 patients with PNH, a DAF+/CD16− subpopulation of PMN was also clearly found. This may indicate that the deficiencies of DAF and CD16 on PNH PMN are heterogeneous. Normal human monocytes were demonstrated to be DAF+/CD14+, whereas PNH monocytes consisted of subpopulations of DAF+/CD14+ and DAF−/CD14−. In the same patients with PNH, the deficiencies of DAF on PMN and monocytes correlated well with each other. These results suggest that, at least in some patients with PNH, the mechanisms which induce the membrane defects of PNH blood cells are heterogeneous.
Raman spectroscopic study of the frustrated spin 1/2 antiferromagnet clinoatacamite

Raman spectroscopy is a valuable and complementary tool for studying geometrically frustrated magnetic systems due to the intrinsic spin–phonon coupling. Here, we report on a Raman spectroscopic study of the geometrically frustrated spin 1/2 antiferromagnet microcrystalline clinoatacamite Cu2(OH)3Cl, focusing on the anomalous transition into the intermediate phase at Tc1 = 18.1 K. By measuring the temperature-dependent (295–4 K) full spectral profiles and main representative modes in spectral regions from 4000 to 95 cm−1, we observed probable signatures of successive magnetic transitions near Tc1 = 18 K and Tc2 = 6.4 K in the Raman band frequencies and peak widths of the representative modes. Further, we observed a pronounced Raman spectroscopy background featuring a broad continuum at all temperatures. A quantitative analysis reveals that spin fluctuations may exist on a picosecond time scale in the intermediate phase. The short time scale falls out of the μSR time window; therefore, in the intermediate phase, the μSR study as reported in (2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 057201) apparently only probed the local field of the ordered spins but overlooked the quickly fluctuating ones. This is likely to give a reasonable explanation of the fact that only a small entropy release occurs at Tc1 = 18 K although a long-range order is formed.
Lewy body–type degeneration in cardiac plexus in Parkinson’s and incidental Lewy body diseases

Article abstract Heart tissues of patients with PD or incidental Lewy body (LB) disease (ILBD) were examined by light and electron microscopy. LBs and α-synuclein–positive neurites were identified in the hearts from 9 of 11 patients with PD and from 7 of 7 patients with ILBD. LBs were present in both tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and -negative nerve processes, which are nerves of extrinsic sympathetic and intrinsic origin, respectively. These findings provide histologic evidence that the postganglionic sympathetic and intrinsic neurons in the heart are involved in the PD disease process.
Importance of the left auditory areas in chord discrimination in music experts as demonstrated by MEG

The brain basis behind musical competence in its various forms is not yet known. To determine the pattern of hemispheric lateralization during sound‐change discrimination, we recorded the magnetic counterpart of the electrical mismatch negativity (MMNm) responses in professional musicians, musical participants (with high scores in the musicality tests but without professional training in music) and non‐musicians. While watching a silenced video, they were presented with short sounds with frequency and duration deviants and C major chords with C minor chords as deviants. MMNm to chord deviants was stronger in both musicians and musical participants than in non‐musicians, particularly in their left hemisphere. No group differences were obtained in the MMNm strength in the right hemisphere in any of the conditions or in the left hemisphere in the case of frequency or duration deviants. Thus, in addition to professional training in music, musical aptitude (combined with lower‐level musical training) is also reflected in brain functioning related to sound discrimination. The present magnetoencephalographic evidence therefore indicates that the sound discrimination abilities may be differentially distributed in the brain in musically competent and naïve participants, especially in a musical context established by chord stimuli: the higher forms of musical competence engage both auditory cortices in an integrative manner.
Testing market informational efficiency of Constanta port operators

The Romanian capital market is still an emergent one. Following the mass- privatization process and the private investments, three of the most important handling and storage companies acting in Constantza Port (OIL Terminal, Comvex and SOCEP) are listed on Romanian Stock Exchange. The paper investigates their evolution on the market, identifying the expected rate of return and the components of the shares risk (specific and systematic). Also, the price evolution could be analyzed through the informational efficiency which instantly reflects the price relevance. The Jarque-Bera normality test regarding the shares return rate distribution and the Fama test for the informational efficiency are completed for each company. The market price model is taken into consideration for price forecasting, computing the return rate auto-correlations. The results are subject of interpretation considering additional managerial and financial information of the companies’ activity.
Credit Risk Management: Basic Concepts: Financial Risk Components, Rating Analysis, Models, Economic and Regulatory Capital

Credit Risk Management: Basic Concepts is the first book of a series of three with the objective of providing an overview of all aspects, steps, and issues that should be considered when undertaking credit risk management, including the Basel II Capital Accord, which all major banks must comply with in 2008. The introduction of the recently suggested Basel II Capital Accord has raised many issues and concerns about how to appropriately manage credit risk. Managing credit risk is one of the next big challenges facing financial institutions. The importance and relevance of efficiently managing credit risk is evident from the huge investments that many financial institutions are making in this area, the booming credit industry in emerging economies (e.g. Brazil, China, India, .), the many events (courses, seminars, workshops, .) that are being organised on this topic, and the emergence of new academic journals and magazines in the field (e.g. Journal of Credit Risk, Journal of Risk Model Validation, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, .). Basic Concepts provides the introduction to the concepts, techniques, and practical examples to guide both young and experienced practitioners and academics in the fascinating, but complex world of risk modelling. Financial risk management, an area of increasing importance with the recent Basel II developments, is discussed in terms of practical business impact and the increasing profitability competition, laying the foundation for books II and III. Contributors to this volume - Dr. Ir. Tony Van Gestel obtained his master and PhD degrees in mathematical engineering at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) in 1997 and 2002, respectively. He co-authored one book and more than 25 journal papers on quantitative research in leading scientific journals. In 2003, he joined Dexia Group, a major European bank, on the Basel II project to start up Basel II modelling. Currently, he is director of the modelling team in Dexia Group, which was found compliant with the Basel II advanced internal ratings based approach for regulatory bank capital calculations by the year-end 2007. He continued his academic activities, regularly speaks at seminars and conferences and does ad hoc reviewing. Dr. Bart Baesens obtained his master and PhD degrees in Applied Economic Sciences at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) in 1998 and 2003, respectively. He currently is an assistant professor at the K.U. Leuven, Vlerick Leuven Ghent Management School (Belgium), and a lecturer at the University of Southampton (United Kingdom). He has done extensive research on credit risk management, credit scoring and data mining. His findings have been published in well-known international journals and presented at international top conferences. He regularly tutors, advices and provides consulting support to international financial institutions with respect to their credit risk management and credit scoring policy.
Protective Effect of Hyaluronic Acid against Peritoneal Injury

After six days of daily intraperitoneal fluid infusion, in all the rats (also in control animals not infused with any solution) we performed a four-hour peritoneal dialysis with Dianeal 3.86% (Baxter, Deerfield, IL) on day 7. The abdominal cavity was punctured under ether anesthesia and 7 mL/lOO g BW of the dialysis fluid were infused IP. Immediately after infusion the catheter was withdrawn. Rats became fully awake within ten minutes of anesthesia, were left free, and were given water and food ad libitum. After four hours, under ether anesthesia, blood samples were taken from the heart and the animals were killed by bleeding. The peritoneal cavity was opened with scissors and the residual volume of the dialysate was collected with a Pasteur pipette. The volume of the recovered fluid was measured by weight. Thereafter, a piece of omentum was excised and put into 1.15% KCI solution at 4°C in a weight/volume proportion of 1:10. Tissue was homogenized and the Protective Effect of Hyaluronic Acid Against
Molecular Mechanism of the Life and Death of the Osteoclast

Abstract: The life span of osteoclasts is critically regulated by various cytokines, and therapeutics such as bisphosphonates act directly on osteoclasts and induce apoptosis of the cells. This article will focus on the molecular mechanism of osteoclast apoptosis and summarize the recent advances in this field with an emphasis on the role of intracellular signaling pathways.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function and its Relationship With Multidimensional Grading System (BODE Index) in Patients With COPD

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients however data regarding left ventricle (LV) function in COPD is limited. We, in this study, aimed to evaluate the LV systolic function and its relation to BODE index in COPD patients with the utility of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). The study involved 125 COPD patients and 30 control subjects. All patients underwent 2D-echocardiography, pulmonary function tests and -minute walk tests. The patients were divided into four quartiles according to BODE index score. COPD patients had lower mitral annulus systolic velocity (Sm), average global longitudinal strain (GLS), average global longitudinal strain rate systolic (GLSRs), average GLSR early diastolic (GLSRe), average GLSR late diastolic (GLSRa), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and peak systolic myocardial velocity (Sm-RV) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively) than control subjects. There were significant differences between BODE index quartiles in terms of Sm, average GLS and average GLSRs. Patients were divided into two groups according to median value of GLS (> –18.6 and ≤ –18.6). BODE index quartiles were found to be independent predictors of decreased GLS in multivariate logistic regression analysis (p = 0.030). Increased BODE index was associated with impaired LV mechanics in patients with COPD.
Shaping Strategic Change: The Case of the NHS in the 1980s

This article explores the question of why the management of change has become an issue in the National Health Service (NHS). It reports the results of a study which explored reasons for variability in the observed rate and pace of strategic service change in the NHS. The metaphor of ‘receptive’ and ‘non‐receptive’ contexts for change is introduced and eight ‘signs and symptoms’ of receptivity outlined. Some examples are presented. These results give us a logic and language which may enable us to understand processes of change in the NHS.
Wearable Systems for Monitoring Mobility Related Activities: From Technology to Application for Healthcare Services

Monitoring the performance of daily life mobility related activities, such as rising from a chair, standing and walking may be used to support healthcare services. This chapter identifies available wearable motion-sensing technology; its (potential) clinical application for mobility assessment and monitoring; and it addresses the need to assess user perspectives on wearable monitoring systems. Given the basic requirements for application under real-life conditions, this chapter emphasizes methods based on single sensor locations. A number of relevant clinical applications in specific older populations are discussed; i.e. (risk-) assessment, evaluation of changes in functioning, and monitoring as an essential part of exercise-based interventions. Since the application of mobility monitoring as part of existing healthcare services for older populations is rather limited, this chapter ends with issues that need to be addressed to effectively implement techniques for mobility monitoring in healthcare. Wiebren Zijlstra University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands