Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Laser Modification on a Composite Substrate and the Resistance of Thin Layers Created Using the PVD Process

For physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology, cleaning a substrate is one of the key preliminary processes before depositing the metal layer. In this article, we present the results of research on the modification of a textile composite substrate using laser technology and its influence on the surface resistance of silver structures intended for use in wearable electronics. As a result of the substrate modification, the resistance of the layers increased as compared with the structures produced on an unmodified substrate. An experimental planning technique was used to optimize the laser modification process.
Phenotypic effects of the U-genome variation in nascent synthetic hexaploids derived from interspecific crosses between durum wheat and its diploid relative Aegilops umbellulata

Aegilops umbellulata is a wild diploid wheat species with the UU genome that is an important genetic resource for wheat breeding. To exploit new synthetic allohexaploid lines available as bridges for wheat breeding, a total of 26 synthetic hexaploid lines were generated through crossing between the durum wheat cultivar Langdon and 26 accessions of Ae. umbellulata. In nascent synthetic hexaploids with the AABBUU genome, the presence of the set of seven U-genome chromosomes was confirmed with U-genome chromosome-specific markers developed based on RNA-seq-derived data from Ae. umbellulata. The AABBUU synthetic hexaploids showed large variations in flowering- and morphology-related traits, and these large variations transmitted well from the parental Ae. umbellulata accessions. However, the variation ranges in most traits examined were reduced under the AABBUU hexaploid background compared with under the diploid parents. The AABBUU and AABBDD synthetic hexaploids were clearly discriminated by several morphological traits, and an increase of plant height and in the number of spikes and a decrease of spike length were commonly observed in the AABBUU synthetics. Thus, interspecific differences in several morphological traits between Ae. umbellulata and A. tauschii largely affected the basic plant architecture of the synthetic hexaploids. In conclusion, the AABBUU synthetic hexaploid lines produced in the present study are useful resources for the introgression of desirable genes from Ae. umbellulata to common wheat.
Photobiomodulation Mediates Neuroprotection against Blue Light Induced Retinal Photoreceptor Degeneration

Potent neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation with 670 nm red light (RL) have been demonstrated in several models of retinal disease. RL improves mitochondrial metabolism, reduces retinal inflammation and oxidative cell stress, showing its ability to enhance visual function. However, the current knowledge is limited to the main hypothesis that the respiratory chain complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase, serves as the primary target of RL. Here, we demonstrate a comprehensive cellular, molecular, and functional characterization of neuroprotective effects of 670 nm RL and 810 nm near-infrared light (NIRL) on blue light damaged murine primary photoreceptors. We show that respiratory chain complexes I and II are additional PBM targets, besides complex IV, leading to enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism. Accordingly, our study identified mitochondria related RL- and NIRL-triggered defense mechanisms promoting photoreceptor neuroprotection. The observed improvement of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial respiration in both inner and outer segments is linked with reduced oxidative stress including its cellular consequences and reduced mitochondria-induced apoptosis. Analysis of regulatory mechanisms using gene expression analysis identified upregulation α-crystallins that indicate enhanced production of proteins with protective functions that point to the rescued mitochondrial function. The results support the hypothesis that energy metabolism is a major target for retinal light therapy.
Vaccine designers take first shots at COVID-19.

The race to develop a vaccine against the novel coronavirus is unprecedented in speed, scale, and scope. Two companies already have launched clinical trials, one in the United States, the other in China. According to the World Health Organization, 54 other vaccine "candidates" are in the works by researchers from academia, biotechs, big pharma, and the military. One effort, by Johnson & Johnson, potentially has $1 billion in backing, including half from the U.S. government. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations is financing eight other projects and may invest up to $2 billion itself. The vaccines are being made with both old and new technologies; the "platforms" include inactivated and attenuated viruses, protein subunits, harmless viral vectors, messenger RNA, DNA, and viruslike particles. Many researchers are optimistic that the scientific hurdles are not that high, noting that there9s durable immunity seen in humans infected with closely related coronaviruses, as well as success in vaccine studies in animal models against those diseases. If several vaccines prove their worth—which will take at least 1 year in an ideal world—that will also mean there is a greater supply, and there9s little question that the demand will be exceedingly high.
A preliminary ecological profile of Kyasanur Forest disease virus hosts among the mammalian wildlife of the Western Ghats, India

Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is one of India’s severe arboviruses capable of causing prolonged debilitating disease. It has been expanding beyond its historical endemic locus at an alarming rate over the last two decades. The natural nidus of this zoonosis is located in the monsoon rainforest of the Western Ghats, India, which is one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots. Definitive reservoir hosts for KFD virus (KFDV) have yet to be delineated, and thus much of the infection ecology of this virus, and its consequent transmission dynamics, remains uncertain. Given its unique biogeographical context, identifying ecological parameters of KFDV relevant to the virus’ epidemiology has been complex and challenging. The challenge has been exacerbated by diminished research efforts in wildlife surveillance over the last two decades, coinciding with the expansion of the range of KFD across the region. The current investigation sought to define a preliminary ecological profile of KFDV hosts based on their life history and feeding traits to aid in re-establishing targeted wildlife surveillance and to discern those ecological traits of wildlife hosts that may improve our understanding of KFD epidemiology. The importance of fast-living among KFDV hosts was of special interest with respect to the latter aim. We compared mammalian traits between host and non-host species using general additive models and phylogenetic generalised linear models. This study found that both body mass and forest forage were strongly associated with mammalian host infection status, but that reproductive life history traits were not. These findings will help in structuring ecologically based wildlife surveillance and field investigations, while also helping to parameterise novel epidemiological models of zoonotic infection risk that incorporate species functional traits in a region where biogeography, landscape ecology, and community ecology manifest extraordinary complexity, particularly under growing anthropogenic pressure.
Aurora kinase inhibitor restrains STAT5‐activated leukemic cell proliferation by inducing mitochondrial impairment

Current chemotherapy regimens on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still have some drawbacks, such as intolerance and drug resistance, which calls need for the development of targeted therapy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is often overexpressed or abnormally activated in leukemia and involved in cell self‐renewal, proliferation, and stress adaptation. Overexpressed Aurora A (AURKA) is associated with poor prognosis in tumors, and inhibitors against AURKA are already in clinical trials. However, it has rarely been reported whether AURKA inhibitors restrain STAT5‐activated leukemia cells. In this study, we constructed STAT5 constitutively activated (cS5) cells and found that STAT5 promoted cell proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, cS5 cells showed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, which indicated higher mitochondrial metabolism in cS5 cells. A novel AURKA inhibitor AKI604 was synthesized and showed significant inhibitory effects to the proliferation and colony formation in both STAT5 constitutively activated and nonactivated AML cells. AKI604 induced mitochondrial impairment, leading to the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the elevation of ROS as well as cellular calcium (Ca2+) levels. AKI604 could also decline basal oxygen consumption rate and ATP biosynthesis, indicating the damage of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, AKI604 exhibited significant antitumor effect in the HL‐60 cS5 xenograft model of the BALB/c nude mice without an obvious influence on mice body weight and other healthy indicators. This study suggested that AKI604 was a potential strategy to overcome STAT5‐induced leukemic proliferation in AML treatment by inducing mitochondrial impairment.
Effect of Methylsulfonylmethane on Proliferation and Apoptosis of A549 Lung Cancer Cells Through G2/M Cell-cycle Arrest and Intrinsic Cell Death Pathway

Background/Aim: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural organic compound that displays anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties. MSM reportedly has potential in inhibition of tumor cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MSM on lung cancer remain unclear. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of MSM on A549 cells was examined. We focused on the mode of apoptosis induced by MSM and investigated alterations in the integrity of the outer membrane of mitochondria. Results: Our results showed that MSM inhibited viability of A549 cells and changed the shape and permeability of nuclei. In addition, MSM induced G2/M arrest. MSM reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and contributed to release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Conclusion: MSM is a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
Microvascular disease and heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes

Identification of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at increased risk of incident heart failure (HF) beyond traditional risk factors such as prior myocardial infarction (MI) might allow selection of patients who would benefit from preventative treatment. Microvascular disease (MiVD) is thought to play a pathophysiological role in the development of HF in T2D; however, its association with new‐onset HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction has not been specifically defined.
Xenobiotics-Induced Liver Damage Is Biochemically Abrogated by Treatment with Lipophilic Extracts of Moringa oleifera in Vivo

Context Drug-induced hepatotoxicity represents a significant proportion of liver disease cases. Currently, there is no effective treatment. To date efforts to identify treatment regimen that can reverse progressive damage have not been successful. We have previously shown that extract from Moringa (M) oleifera possesses clinically relevant antidiabetic and electrolyte modulators. Objective The aim of the current studies is to create experimental model of xenobiotic induced liver damage and investigate if treatment with lipophilic extract of M. oleifera could biochemically reverse progressive liver damage. Materials and Method For two groups of healthy rats, 7 in each group received 200 mg of extract or vehicle twice daily for 14 days. Acute toxicity, hepatotoxicity and hematologic/endothelial toxicity were monitored. Then 30 rats weighing 130 - 200 g received repeated dose of acetaminophen (xenobiotics) (640 mg/kg) for 5 days. Hepatotoxicity was confirmed biochemically by an established protocol. Treatment with M. oleifera extract resulted in mean weight of 132.2 ± 5.05 compared to the control with 134.1 ± 5.08 (P > 0.8115) among the healthy rats. Their LDH levels were 170.7 ± 13.02 and 133.8 ± 7.17 (P > 0.0698) for controls group, while the mean serum (ALT) level was 12.4 ± 1.2 or 25.6 ± 5.644 (P M. oleifera resulted in 100% biochemical recovery from hepatitis compared to the control group (P M. oleifera could effectively and biochemically abrogate xenobiotics induced liver damage in animal model.
Comparative efficacy of the therapeutics of recurrent genital prolapse in indigenous cows

The indigenous cattle breeds are considered much more resistant to various ailments, and therefore, possibly requiring lesser medication compared to exotic or crossbreeds. The objective of the present study was to compare efficacy of the general therapeutics of uterine prolapse in indigenous breeds. The present study reports six cases of recurrent prolapse in non-pregnant indigenous cows with multiple parity. The treatment included epidural anaesthesia, cleaning and reposing of prolapsed mass, setting followed by progesterone injection and supportive therapy inclusive of antibiotics, analgesics, antihistaminic and I/V fluid. Incidence of recurrence of uterine until 72 hour and period of recovery from the day of administration of treatment till at least 50% involution of the organs, ascertained by rectal examination,were recorded. It was concluded that general therapeutics of uterine prolapse is equally successful in indigenous cows as well with recovery period and incidence of recurrence being much less than crossbreeds.
Implementation Outcomes Following Participation in a Large-Scale Healthy Workplace Program Conducted Across Multiple Worksites

Purpose: To measure implementation outcomes of a freely available workplace health promotion program (Healthier Workplace Western Australia [HWWA]) that provides employees with services and supports to make changes in their workplaces. Setting: Western Australian workplaces. Subjects: Employees accessing HWWA services. Intervention: A range of services (training sessions, tailored advice, grant schemes, online resources) were offered relating to nutrition, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and mental health. Design/Measures: Of the 1627 individuals e-mailed 6 months after participation in HWWA, 345 (21%) individuals who recalled accessing one or more services completed a survey assessing the number and type of changes they had implemented and the perceived barriers to doing so. Analysis: Negative binomial regressions and one-way analysis of variances assessed whether respondent characteristics or number of services used was associated with the number and types of changes made. A qualitative analysis of the perceived barriers was also conducted. Results: The majority of respondents (86%) reported implementing one or more changes. Greater perceived responsibility/authority to make change (β = .56, P < .01), perceived support from coworkers (β = .23, P < .05), and number of HWWA services used (β = .04, P < .05) were positive predictors of the number of changes made. Frequently reported barriers included cost/budget restrictions, lack of management support, and resistance from staff. Conclusion: The HWWA program facilitated implementation of various healthy workplace initiatives across the organizations represented in the evaluation.
Nanoparticle Delivery of Proangiogenic Transcription Factors into the Neonatal Circulation Inhibits Alveolar Simplification Caused by Hyperoxia.

RATIONALE Advances in neonatal critical care have greatly improved the survival of preterm infants but the long-term complications of prematurity, including Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), cause mortality and morbidity later in life. While Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) improves lung structure and function in rodent BPD models, severe side effects of VEGF therapy prevent its use in BPD patients. OBJECTIVES To test whether nanoparticle delivery of proangiogenic transcription factors FOXM1 or FOXF1, both downstream targets of VEGF, can improve lung structure and function after neonatal hyperoxic injury. METHODS Newborn mice were exposed to 75% O2 for 7 days of life before being returned to room air. On postnatal day 2, polyethylenimine-(5) myristic acid/ poly(ethylene glycol)-oleic acid/ cholesterol (PEI600-MA5/PEG-OA/Cho) nanoparticles containing non-integrating expression plasmids with Foxm1 or Foxf1 cDNAs were injected intravenously. The effects of the nanoparticles on lung structure and function were evaluated using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and the Flexivent small animal ventilator. MAIN RESULTS The nanoparticles efficiently targeted endothelial cells and myofibroblasts in the alveolar region. Nanoparticle delivery of either FOXM1 or FOXF1 did not protect endothelial cells from apoptosis caused by hyperoxia but increased endothelial proliferation and lung angiogenesis after the injury. FOXM1 and FOXF1 improved elastin fiber organization, decreased alveolar simplification and preserved lung function in mice reaching adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Nanoparticle delivery of FOXM1 or FOXF1 stimulates lung angiogenesis and alveolarization during recovery from neonatal hyperoxic injury. Delivery of proangiogenic transcription factors has promise as a therapy for BPD in preterm infants.
Expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in benign prostatic hyperplasia combined with histological inflammation

Objective: To detect the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in simple benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and BPH combined with prostatitis, and to evaluate the effect of inflammation of the development and progression of BPH. Methods: Specimens of 90 patients with BPH underwent transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) were obtained. All specimens were divided histologically by HE staining into group of 35 cases of simple BPH (A group) and group of 55 cases of BPH combined with prostatitis (B group). Proteins levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were examined by immunohistochemistry. All patients’ clinical indicators including PSA, prostate volume, age, urinary flow rate were recorded, and all patients were diagnosed as BPH by pathology. Results: All patients of B group were found combined with chronic prostatitis. The constituent ratio was 61%. Patients’ prostate volume and PSA of B group were significant higher than A group ( p .05). As compared with A group, the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly increased in B group ( p .1); controlling influence of the age factor by partial correlation analysis, there was still a significant correlation between the prostate volume and level of inflammation. Conclusions: Most BPH patients are combined with prostatitis especially chronic inflammation. TNF-α and IL-6 are two-proinflammation cytokines, which obtain high expression in the prostate tissue combined with histological inflammation. Patients’ prostate volume and PSA of BPH combined with prostatitis are significantly higher than those of simple BPH. However, there are no significant differences in urine flow rate and patients’ age. These two cytokines may play an important part in promoting BPH and secretion of PSA.
Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant library construction in G. hirsutum L. for allotetraploid functional genomics and germplasm innovation.

As the gene pool is exposed to both strain on land resources and a lack of diversity in elite allotetraploid cotton, the acquisition and identification of novel alleles has taken on epic importance in facilitating cotton genetic improvement and functional genomics research. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is an excellent mutagen induces genome-wide efficient mutations to activate the mutagenic potential of plants with many advantages. The present study established, determined and verified the experimental procedure suitable for EMS based mutant library construction as the general reference guide in allotetraploid upland cotton. This optimized method and procedure are efficient, and abundant EMS mutant library (~12, 000) in allotetraploid cotton were successfully obtained. More than 20 mutant phenotypes were observed and screened, including phenotypes of the leaf, flower, fruit, fiber, and plant architecture. Through the plants mutant library, high throughput and high resolution melting (HRM) technology based variation evaluation detected the EMS induced site mutation. Additionally, based on overall genome-wide mutation analyses by re-sequencing and mutant library assessment, the examination results demonstrated the ideal quality of the cotton EMS-treated mutant library constructed in this study with appropriate high mutation density and saturated genome. What's more, the collection is composed of a broad repertoire of mutants which is the valuable resource for basic genetic research and functional genomics underlying complex allotetraploid traits, as well as cotton breeding.
Fibration symmetries uncover the building blocks of biological networks

Significance The success of symmetries in explaining the physical world, from general relativity to the standard model of particle physics and all phases of matter, raises the question of why the same concept could not be equally applied to explain emergent properties of biological systems. In other words, we ask—if life is an emergent property of physics—why the same symmetry principles that explain physics could not explain the organizing principle of life. Here we show that a particular form of symmetry, called symmetry fibration, explains the building blocks of biological networks and other social and infrastructure networks. This result opens the way to understand how information-processing networks are assembled from the bottom up. A major ambition of systems science is to uncover the building blocks of any biological network to decipher how cellular function emerges from their interactions. Here, we introduce a graph representation of the information flow in these networks as a set of input trees, one for each node, which contains all pathways along which information can be transmitted in the network. In this representation, we find remarkable symmetries in the input trees that deconstruct the network into functional building blocks called fibers. Nodes in a fiber have isomorphic input trees and thus process equivalent dynamics and synchronize their activity. Each fiber can then be collapsed into a single representative base node through an information-preserving transformation called “symmetry fibration,” introduced by Grothendieck in the context of algebraic geometry. We exemplify the symmetry fibrations in gene regulatory networks and then show that they universally apply across species and domains from biology to social and infrastructure networks. The building blocks are classified into topological classes of input trees characterized by integer branching ratios and fractal golden ratios of Fibonacci sequences representing cycles of information. Thus, symmetry fibrations describe how complex networks are built from the bottom up to process information through the synchronization of their constitutive building blocks.