Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Obesity Among Women of Childbearing Age in Urban Areas of Ethiopia

Background : Obesity is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Its prevalence is increasing rapidly and reached epidemic proportions globally. Evidence suggests that the situation is likely to get worse especially among women because women tend to gain greatest amount of weight during their child-bearing age, putting them at risk for cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, and many other chronic disorders. Only few studies assessed the situation of obesity in women of childbearing age living in urban areas of Ethiopia. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the determinant factors of obesity among women of childbearing age in urban areas of Ethiopia. Methods: The study used women’s of childbearing age dataset from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The survey sample was designed to provide national, urban/rural, and regional representative estimates of key health and demographic indicators. This study used 3,535 urban women’s, from the total 14,505 eligible women of childbearing age in the country. The sample was selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval in binary logistic regression was used to assess determinant factors associated with obesity among urban women of childbearing age. Results: The prevalence of obesity was (2.84%) among women of childbearing age living in urban areas of Ethiopia. Obesity was significantly associated with occupation, age, marital status, children ever born, wealth terciles, religion, parent’s educational status and residing region in the binary logistic regression analysis. Parents education (AOR= 0.50: 95% CI (0.26 - 0.94), wealth tersiles (AOR=2.01: 95% CI (1.10 – 3.67) and (AOR= 6.37: 95% CI (3.38 – 12.00) in medium and high, respectively and residing regions (AOR= 4.91: 95% CI; 1.24 – 19.47), (AOR=5.68: 95% CI; 1.52 - 21.16), (AOR=17.81: 95% CI; 4.97 – 63.78), (AOR=4.62: 95% CI; 1.36 – 15.64), (AOR=4.21: 95% CI; 1.28 - 13.75) and (AOR=6.06: 95% CI; 1.81 – 20.23) in Afar, Oromiya, Somali, Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa regions, respectively were found to be determinants of obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity among women of childbearing age in urban areas was high. Parents’ education, wealth terciles and residing region were associated with obesity. Targeted interventions should be put in place to reverse increasing levels of obesity in order to prevent the risk of obesity and its related life threatening effects.
NOISE THEORITICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR TRI-DIMMENSIONAL NMR CIRCUIT: TOWARDS THE NANOSCALE

In recent years, NMR/MRI portable devices have drawn attention of numerous researcher teams. They are used for variety of applications, from medical diagnosis to archaeological analysis, nondestructive material testing evaluation of water presence in building materials and food emulsions. Different magnets designs have been proposed by many groups of research. They can be divided into two groups: the magnets ex-situ and the magnets in situ . The first group has the simple configuration with the sensitive volume near their surface and the samples under test are located outside the magnets. Thus, they can be used for the experimental investigation of objects with any dimension. Although the ex-situ magnets have simple shape and light weight, they are difficult to achieve in terms of homogeneity of the magnetic field in the sensitive volume. In comparison, the in-situ magnets have their static field reinforced inside their bore center and canceled outside of the structure. Thus, their magnetic field is roughly homogeneous inside the structure. But drawbacks still exist and can be amplified, especially the in depth problem of Signal/Noise. Calculations, in a microscopic point of view, are develop, first applied to resistances and inductances imbedded in this circuit. Before, from any point source, we calculate the impedance spreading out. For this, our approach is using Transmission Line Model, over or into a multi-layered substrate; it can be also derived by solving Poisson's equation analytically to obtain the associated Green’s kernel. We implement our algorithms in MATLAB. Thus, it permits to extract impedances between any two embedded contacts, real or virtual, of any shape or thickness.
ISSUES ON POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION (PMD) FOR HIGH SPEED FIBER OPTICS TRANSMISSION

In this paper, the analysis of the first and second order PMD characteristics is presented. It is found that a pulse spread of up to 15% of the pulse width is allowed depending on the receiver sensitivity penalty tolerated the system. PMD measurement is also discussed considering Interferometric, Jones- Matrix Eigen analysis (JME) and Fixed Analyzer techniques, from the perspective of field and laboratory applications. A simulation based on realistic parameters of a fiber optic link is performed and the results show that at a 40 Gbp transmission rate, a fiber optic with a PMD coefficient of 0.5 ps/(km), 1/2 can only support up to a 10 km distance.
A ROBUST LINEAR DYNAMIC POSITIONING CONTROLLER FOR A MARINE SURFACE VEHICLE

The autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) owned by the University of Rhode Island currently uses a PID controller that is insufficient for its maneuvering goals. The goal was to develop a robust linear controller based on state space dynamic positioning models that is able to follow a given path with minimal error in the presence of environmental disturbances and model perturbations. A controller was designed for the linear Cybership II model in MATLAB and then tested in Simulink with these disturbances on a nonlinear Cybership II model. The linear controller uses a feedfoward inverse filter to follow a desired elliptical path with high accuracy and uses new methods for choosing feedback gains to provide greater H∞ robustness than MATLAB’s place function. It was found that these new methods tracked the desired ellipse with lower error than existing pole placement methods. These methods show promise for real world implementation of linear controllers on URI’s ASV and other surface vehicles.
A Study on Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) Scale in Turkish

High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS) are generally defined by the combination of single practices that collectively affect organizational performance. High performance human resource practices can be listed as provision of job security, extensive skills, training, promotion, results-oriented appraisal and broad career paths. HPWS foster employees? shared perceptions of an organizational environment that motivates discretionary behaviors that contribute to organizational performance (Sun, Aryee & Law, 2007). HPWS are expected to contribute to employees in a positive way in terms of certain skills and duties due to flexibility and empowerment they provide (Yalab? k et. al., 2008). HPWS has the greatest potential to provide sustained competitive advantage to companies they adopt it. The main idea of HPWS is to create an organization based on employee involvement, commitment and empowerment without employee control. HPWS organizations use an approach that is fundamentally different from the traditional hierarchical or bureaucratic approach which is known as control oriented approach (Tomer, 2001). The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the HPWS scale in Turkish which was developed by Sun, Aryee and Law (2007) and analyze the relationship between HPWS and demographic variables. In this perspective, the theoretical background and literature review about HPWS is given and then the statistical results are discussed in the context of the validity and reliability of the scale. The scale developed by Sun, Aryee and Law (2007) has 8 dimensions as ? Selective Staffing? , ? Extensive Training? , ? Internal Mobility? , ? Employment Security? , ? Clear Job Description? , ? Results-Oriented Appraisal? , ? Incentive Reward? and ? Participation? The method which was proposed by Brislin et. Al. (1973) is used for the translation of the scale. This method consists of a process as translating to the target language, evaluating the translation, translating back to the source language, evaluating the translation again and consulting to the experts. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis is used for the scale. Then the results and findings are discussed according to the current literature of HPWS.
Polymorphisms of Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates

Introduction: Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates (NSCLP/CP) are most common congenital malformation in the world, with very important psychic and social impact. Formation of NSCLP/CP arises from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. This paper provides a review of recent progress in defining the genetic causes of NSCLP. Methods: A literature review was conducted on the Medline data by searching for the following keywords: genes, non-syndromic cleft lip-palate, and genetics of clefts lip-palates, until January 2018. Results: Various genes are identified in different population and country, with the study using case parent’s trio. The aim of this study contributes to review relative gene which has been identify in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate, and to help to have a better understanding of the inheritance pattern of this pathology and the prevention of genetic disease. Conclusion: Although three major genes have been confirmed, the genetic research is necessary to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of the clefts lip-palates.
The Role of School Social Climate in Assessment of Home Economics Subjects at High Schools in Masvingo, Zimbabwe

This interpretive inquiry sought to find out the role of school social climate in assessment of home economics subjects at high schools in Masvingo, Zimbabwe. The inquiry employed a descriptive survey in order to unveil the factors that contribute to a school social climate and its effects on the teaching and assessment of Home Economics practical coursework. A descriptive survey was best for a relative large sample. In-depth interviews and open ended questionnaires were the instruments used to collect data. Collected data were presented in both descriptive and narrative forms. The sample was purposely selected from a population of thirty schools and the sample comprised of forty eight administrators, home economics The research findings indicated that the factors that contributed to the school social climate were the academic performance of students, home economics teacher-administration relationship, teacher-pupil, teacher-teacher and school-community relationships. The effects of the social climate were many and adverse and mostly linked to poor mark allocation due to bias and stress. The study is intended to benefit teachers, administrators, pupils and the community by enlightening them on the importance of good relations; as these contribute to the good school social climate. The study recommends that high levels of professionalism for teachers in assessment of practical skills can be attained during regular briefing, in service training courses and giving professional guidance on good public relations.
Neutrino Oscillations with Hopf algebras

The Bogoliubov transformation in quantum field theory is used [1] to refine neutrino oscillation transition formulae by a deformation parameter, appearing in a noncommutative spectral model for neutrinos. We consider Hopf algebras in mixing from a more mathematical perspective, justified by the motivic nature of quantum field theory. Experimental constraints on mixing angles are considered.
Simulation-Based Analysis of a Biologically-Inspired Micropump With a Rotating Spiral Inside a Microchannel

Microorganisms such as bacteria use their rotating helical flagella for propulsion speeds up to tens of tail lengths per second. The mechanism can be utilized for controlled pumping of liquids in microchannels. In this study, we aim to analyze the effects of control parameters such as axial span between helical rounds (wavelength), angular velocity of rotations (frequency), and the radius of the helix (amplitude) on the maximum time-averaged flow rate, maximum head, rate of energy transfer, and efficiency of the micropump. The analysis is based on simulations obtained from the three-dimensional time-dependent numerical model of the flow induced by the rotating spiral inside a rectangular-prism channel. The flow is governed by Navier-Stokes equations subject to continuity in time-varying domain due to moving boundaries of the spiral. Numerical solutions are obtained using a commercial finite-element package which uses arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method for mesh deformations. Results are compared with asymptotic results obtained from the resistive-force-theory available in the literature.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Application for the Automatic Pitch Detection and Correction of Detuned Singing

This paper describes an application for automatic detection and correction of detuning in singing. It presents the observations that became the core of the work, application principles, limitations, perspectives and used algorithms. It explains in detail the experiments performed and the results obtained. Finally, it discusses some opportunities that have been revealed during the research and points to improvements and extensions possible in the future work.
Non-vanishing of class group $L$-functions at the central point

Etant donne un corps quadratique imaginaire K = Q(√-D), notons h son nombre de classes. Nous montrons qu'il existe une constante c telle que pour D assez grand, au moins c. hΠ p|D (1 - p -1 ) des h fonctions L distinctes L K (s,X) ne s'annulent pas au point central s = 1/2.
Line x tester analysis for combining ability in okra [Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench]*

Combining ability effects were estimated for different characters in a line x tester crossing programme comprising 45 crosses produced by crossing of 15 lines and 3 testers. Parents and hybrids differed significantly for gca and sca effects, respectively. High average degree of dominance revealed predominance of non-additive gene effects for all the traits. The parents Swati-10 (L9), Heritage green (L1), Punjab Padmini (L4), Ankur-40 (L11), VRO-6 (L13) and Arka Anamika (T3) were good general combiner for majority of characters in different environment. Therefore, these lines can be used for hybridization for producing promising recombinants. This indicates that parent showing high gca for fruit yield per plant might be due to high gca for fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth and number of fruits per plant. High sca effects were expressed for cross combinations, L3 x T3 (BO-3 x Arka Anamika) in E1, L9 x T1 (Swati-10 x Parbhani Kranti) and L1 x T2 (Heritage Green x Arka Abhay) in E2 and L3 x T1 (BO-3 x Parbhani Kranti) in E3 environments.
I Can’t Sleep! Relative Concerns and Sleep Behavior

We investigate the effect of relative concerns with respect to income on the quantity and quality of sleep using a long panel dataset on the sleep behavior of people in Germany. We find that relative income has a substantial negative effect on number of hours of sleep on weekdays and overall satisfaction with sleep, i.e., sleep quality, whereas absolute income has no particular effect on sleep behavior. The findings are robust to several specification checks, including measures of relative concerns, reference group, income inequality, and local price differences. The paper also investigates the importance of the potential channels including working hours, time-use activities, and physical and mental health to explain how relative concerns relate to sleep behavior. The results reveal that while all of these channels partially contribute to the effect, it appears to be mainly driven by physical and mental health and overall and financial well-being/stress. We also use a subjective well-being valuation approach to calculate the monetary value of sleep lost due to income comparisons. The total cost is as high as about 2.6 billion euro/year (1.8% of the overall monetary value of sleep and 1.3% of total health expenditures) among the working-age population in Germany.
Genetic Structure of Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in the Adriatic Sea using Microsatellite DNA Analysis

Stock structure analysis of anchovy from the Rovinj, Maslenica and Island of Korculain in the Adriatic Sea was carried out by using 13 microsatellite loci. Overall, 259 alleles were detected in 13 loci, the number of alleles per locus and population ranged from 4 to 28. The allelic richness of overall loci was found to be highest in the Rovinj population and lowest in the Island of Korcula population. The highest and lowest value of population specific alleles was found in the Rovinj population and Island of Korcula population, respectively. Observed heterozygosity per population was ranged from 0.714 (Rovinj) to 0.678 (Maslenica). Pairwise FST values revealed that there is no significant genetic differences between populations (P>0.05). However, the highest and lowest genetic distance were found between the Rovinj and Maslenica populations (FST=0.00626) and between the Island of Korcula and Maslenica populations, respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered the Maslenica and Island of Korcula populations together, and the Rovinj population was a distinct cluster from these two.
Hot H2O Emission and Evidence for Turbulence in the Disk of a Young Star

We report on the detection and analysis of hot rovibrational H2O emission from SVS 13, a young stellar object previously known to have strong CO overtone band head emission. Modeling of the high-resolution infrared spectrum shows that the H2O emission is characterized by temperatures of ~1500 K, significantly lower than the temperatures that characterize the CO band head emission. The widths of the H2O lines are also found to be smaller than those of the CO lines. We construct a disk model of the emission that reproduces the CO and H2O spectrum. In this model, the H2O lines originate at somewhat larger disk radii (≤0.3 AU) than the CO overtone lines (≤0.1 AU). We find that the H2O abundance is about a factor of 10 lower than the calculated chemical equilibrium abundance. Large, approximately transonic, local line broadening is required to fit the profile of the CO band head. If this velocity dispersion is identified with turbulence, it is of significant interest regarding the transport of angular momentum in disks. Large local broadening is also required in modeling CO overtone emission from other young stellar objects, suggesting that large turbulent velocities may be characteristic of the upper atmospheres of the inner disks of young stars.
Temperature Effects on Curved Stationary Viscous Thermal Fiber Jets

Centrifugal fiber spinning process is an important industrial process for the production of fibers or wools. This study is an attempt to understand and analyze the effect of temperature in the centrifugal spinning process. The work deals with the mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of the dynamics of curved non-isothermal Newtonian fibers, which is practically applicable to the description of centrifugal spinning process of glass wool or glass fibers. The involved quantities in the model are the fiber cross-sectional area, fluid velocity, tension, temperature and the coordinates of the fiber center-line. In this work we restrict ourselves to the stationary case. The effects of temperature-dependent viscosity, gravity, surface tension, as well as those of axial heat conduction, heat convection and radiative heat transfer are taken into account. For the numerical simulation of the model equations, finite volume scheme on a uniform staggered grid is used. Numerical results for the fiber radius, axial velocity and temperature are shown, illustrating the cooling effects of Stanton, Peclet and radiation numbers.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Current Status

Some clinical, epidemiological and histopathological data support the occurrence of a specific cardiomyopathy related to diabetes mellitus, independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is partially understood and is likely to be multifactorial, involving metabolic disturbances and autonomic neuropathy. This review discusses the possible mechanisms that may be involved in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes, and seeks to define the best approach to prevent and reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of diabetic cardiomyopahty.
Nitrate source identification in the Baltic Sea using its isotopic ratios in combination with a Bayesian isotope mixing model

Nitrate (NO3-) is the major nutrient responsible for coastal eutrophication worldwide and its production is related to intensive food production and fossil-fuel combustion. In the Baltic Sea NO3- inputs have increased 4-fold over recent decades and now remain constantly high. NO3- source identification is therefore an important consideration in environmental management strategies. In this study focusing on the Baltic Sea, we used a method to estimate the proportional contributions of NO3- from atmospheric deposition, N-2 fixation, and runoff from pristine soils as well as from agricultural land. Our approach combines data on the dual isotopes of NO3- (delta N-15-NO3- and delta O-18-NO3-) in winter surface waters with a Bayesian isotope mixing model (Stable Isotope Analysis in R, SIAR). Based on data gathered from 47 sampling locations over the entire Baltic Sea, the majority of the NO3- in the southern Baltic was shown to derive from runoff from agricultural land (33-100 %), whereas in the northern Baltic, i.e. the Gulf of Bothnia, NO3- originates from nitrification in pristine soils (34-100 %). Atmospheric deposition accounts for only a small percentage of NO3- levels in the Baltic Sea, except for contributions from northern rivers, where the levels of atmospheric NO3- are higher. An additional important source in the central Baltic Sea is N-2 fixation by diazotrophs, which contributes 49-65% of the overall NO3- pool at this site. The results obtained with this method are in good agreement with source estimates based upon delta N-15 values in sediments and a three-dimensional ecosystem model, ERGOM. We suggest that this approach can be easily modified to determine NO3- sources in other marginal seas or larger near-coastal areas where NO3- is abundant in winter surface waters when fractionation processes are minor.
Time-since-invasion increases native mesoherbivore feeding rates on the invasive alga, Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt

Invasive algae can have substantial negative impacts in their invaded ranges. One widely cited mechanism that attempts to explain how invasive plants and algae are often able to spread quickly, and even become dominant in their invaded ranges, is the Enemy Release Hypothesis. This study assessed the feeding behaviours of two species of gastropod herbivore from populations exposed to the invasive alga Sargassum muticum for different lengths of time. Feeding trials, consisting of both choice and no-choice, showed that the herbivores from older stands (35–40 years established) of S. muticum were more likely to feed upon it than those taken from younger (10–19 years established) stands. These findings provide evidence in support of the ERH, by showing that herbivores consumed less S. muticum if they were not experienced with it. These findings are in accordance with the results of other feeding-trials with S. muticum, but in contrast to research that utilizes observations of herbivore abundance and diversity to assess top-down pressure. The former tend to validate the ERH, and the latter typically reject it. The potential causes of this disparity are discussed, as are the importance of palatability, herbivore species and time-since-invasion when considering research into the ERH. This study takes an important, yet neglected, approach to the study of invasive ecology.