Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Sea Clutter Modeling for Spaceborne Early Warning Radar and Clutter Suppression Performance Analysis

In this article, we propose a multichannel sea clutter model in a spaceborne early warning radar system and analyze the influence of the sea clutter motion characteristics on the space-time adaptive processing (STAP) performance. To establish a multichannel sea clutter model, the 3-D Gerstner wave model is applied to construct the sea surface. Then the Pierson–Moskowitz wave spectrum and the stereo wave observation project (SWOP) directional spectrum are combined to describe the amplitude distribution of waves in different frequencies and directions. At the same time, the two-scale model is applied to obtain the specific backscattering coefficients of sea clutter at different time and positions. In addition, breaking waves are added in sea clutter returns with the form of false targets. Finally, the space-time distribution characteristics of sea clutter in a spaceborne multichannel array system and the influences of sea clutter under different wind speeds and directions on STAP performance are analyzed based on the simulation processing results. Processing results of some real-measured radar data are also exhibited to verify the theoretical analyses.
Biodegradation of phenol by a newly Aspergillus sp. strain isolated from a contaminated soil in southern Brazil

The main goal of this work was to study the biodegradation of phenol in batch mode by a filamentous fungus isolated from a contaminated site in Southern Brazil. A better performance was obtained by previous adaptation of the microorganism to the toxic chemical. A 23 experimental design was proposed and it could be observed total phenol degradation in 72 h using 500 mg L-1 glucose, inoculum of 20% and agitation of 200 rpm, resulting a biodegradation rate of 3.76 mg L-1 h-1. In relation to phenol tolerance, Aspergillus sp. LEBM2 was able to consume up to 989 ± 15 mg L-1.
Towards Practical Sketch-Based 3D Shape Generation: The Role of Professional Sketches

In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the problem of generating 3D shapes from professional 2D sketches via deep learning. We target sketches done by professional artists, as these sketches are likely to contain more details than the ones produced by novices, and thus the reconstruction from such sketches poses a higher demand on the level of detail in the reconstructed models. This is importantly different to previous work, where the training and testing was conducted on either synthetic sketches or sketches done by novices. Novices sketches often depict shapes that are physically unrealistic, while models trained with synthetic sketches could not cope with the level of abstraction and style found in real sketches. To address this problem, we collected the first large-scale dataset of professional sketches, where each sketch is paired with a reference 3D shape, with a total of 1,500 professional sketches collected across 500 3D shapes. The dataset is available at http://sketchx.ai/downloads/. We introduce two bespoke designs within a deep adversarial network to tackle the imprecision of human sketches and the unique figure/ground ambiguity problem inherent to sketch-based reconstruction. We show that existing 3D shapes generation methods designed for images fail to be naively applied to our problem, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Collaborative Social-Aware and QoE-Driven Video Caching and Adaptation in Edge Network

With the emerging demand for high-definition videos in recent years, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) has become a promising solution to leverage Quality of Experience (QoE) of users in the 5G mobile network, which provides computing and cache resource at network edges to serve end users with less latency. Also, since mobile users tend to be influenced by the trends in social media, the performance of video caching will become more effective if we can extract the hidden information from interaction among them. In this paper, we propose a novel Collaborative Social-aware QoE-driven video Caching and Adaption (CSQCA) framework. Specifically, we first design a 2-tier MEC collaborative video caching architecture, which partially caches popular videos among multiple edge servers. Second, we propose a social-aware proactive cache strategy, which embeds interactions of users and video dissemination process in social networks into the caching mechanism. Third, a QoE-driven video adaptation algorithm is presented to dynamically transcode the cached videos into appropriate resolution on edge server for each request. Finally, we conduct our simulation based on real-world datasets. The simulation results show that the proposed CSQCA framework outperforms traditional cache algorithms, in terms of the average hit ratio and QoE.
Heavy Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking Affecting the Liver

iquor utilization is very much dug in the social texture of numerous grown-up populaces, basically comprising a conduct standard. It is legitimate, promptly accessible and modest. Supported inordinate liquor utilization is a mind focused addictive conduct problem that crosses all limits of sexual orientation, race, age, monetary layers and in numerous patients, may prompt alcoholic liver infection (ALD). Hefty drinking essentially expands grimness and mortality from irresistible illnesses and the danger of cardiovascular, cerebrum, pancreatic, renal, cerebral and oncological infections. Alcoholic liver sickness speaks to a range of clinical ailment and morphological changes that range from greasy liver to hepatic aggravation and putrefaction (alcoholic hepatitis) to reformist fibrosis. Furthermore, supported exorbitant liquor admission favors the movement of other liver illnesses, for example, infection related constant hepatitis, additionally expanding the danger of hepatocellular carcinoma
Proton Radiation Effects on HgCdTe Avalanche Photodiode Detectors

Space radiation damage and proton-induced transient effects were evaluated on 4.4-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cutoff HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays developed by Leonardo DRS. Device performances as a function of total dose up to 100 krad (Si) were measured with ~60-MeV protons on three types of APD samples: <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel APD fanout arrays with and without connection to a read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) and a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel photon-counting APD focal plane array (FPA). A gamma-ray test was also conducted to study ionization effects. Both APD arrays exhibited a small decrease in the quantum efficiency and a linear increase in the dark current with the proton fluence. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel photon-counting FPA also exhibited an increase in the dark count rate with proton dose. After the proton irradiation and an overnight room-temperature warm-up, the APD dark currents at 80 K increased significantly in both types of APD arrays. All radiation damage to these HgCdTe APD arrays annealed out after baking them at >85 °C for several hours. Transient protons through the devices were found to cause large pulses at the detector output, but recover within <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Formation of anisotropic gold nanoparticles on indium tin oxide substrates as a plasmonic sensing material

A simple technique of seed-mediated growth has been successfully performed to grow anisotropy gold nanoparticles on solid substrates. The growth of the gold nanoparticles has been carried out in the presence of a binary surfactant mixture of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with two different molecular weights of a capping agent, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone: 40,000 and 55,000. In this study, the effect of process parameters, growth time and molecular weight of capping agent was investigated. The growth time shows a significant impact on the shape and size of nanoparticles. The shorter growth time produced small spherical to square-like shape particles, whereas bigger particles including nanorods, nanosquares and nanotriangles were formed with longer growth time. The shape controlling agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone, was used to synthesis gold nanoparticles. It was found that monodisperse gold nanoparticles with uniform shape and size are hardly obtained when polyvinylpyrrolidone 40,000 was used as capping agent. Polyvinylpyrrolidone 55,000 produced more uniform shape and size of gold nanoparticles. Thus, these process parameters were found affected to the size, shape, surface density and uniformity of gold nanoparticles. This sample was further applied as a sensing material in the detection of toxic fungicide, namely chlorothalonil. The sensitivity of the sensor system was determined by the changes in peak positions and intensities of the transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peaks on different medium, that is, air, deionized water and chlorothalonil solution. The sensor response of gold nanoparticles thin film in 30 mM chlorothalonil showed two resonance peaks in comparison to the control experiment without gold nanoparticle thin film. The gold nanoparticles thin film sensor was successfully synthesized and potentially useful as a sensing material for fungicide detection.
An Approach for Controllable Synthesis of Different-Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites with Peroxotitanium Complex as Precursor

In this paper, we describe a systemic approach for the preparation of different-phase titanium dioxide nanocomposites with peroxotitanium complex (PTC) as a precursor in aqueous solution by a low-temperature process. Three phases (anatase, rutile, and brookite) of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by refluxing the PTC precursor at different pH values at 100 °C and ambient pressure. At pH = 0, acicular rutile-phase nanoparticles were prepared, while at a pH of about 1, a stable milk white sol that contains about 63% brookite phase was obtained; the brookite particles are mainly irregular quadrate. Furthermore, the spherical and spindle anatase nanoparticles were prepared from the precursor with pH = 3 and 6, respectively. The influence of the different concentration of the peroxide on the products was also investigated. It is noticed that there was an optimum H2O2/Ti molar ratio for different phase formation. Finally, the photocatalytic properties of different products were measured by decomposing methylene.
Fuzzy Adaptive Fixed-Time Consensus Tracking Control of High-Order Multiagent Systems

This article discusses the consensus tracking issue for multiagent systems, and the purpose is to develop a fixed-time consensus proposal by fuzzy adaptive method. To this end, we first set up a more general fixed-time stability criterion. By using the proposed stability criterion, a backstepping design procedure is presented to construct the fixed-time fuzzy adaptive controller. The suggested fuzzy adaptive control protocol guarantees that 1) for each agent, its closed-loop signals keep bounded; 2) the consensus tracking error tends to a small region around origin in fixed time. In addition, the virtual control signals are constructed to be the piecewise functions to prevent the singularity of their derivatives. Curve fitting method is used such that the designed virtual control signals are derivable at the point of partition. Finally, numerical simulation further checks the validity of the suggested control strategy.
A novel homozygous variant in exon 10 of the GALNT3 gene causing hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis in a family from North India.

Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the GALNT3 (N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3), FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-23) and αKL (α-Klotho) genes, which results in progressive calcification of soft tissues. We describe the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with recurrent hard nodular swellings on her feet and knees which intermittently discharged chalky white material. Her younger brother also had a similar condition. Both siblings showed hyperphosphatemia, but the parentsbiochemical parameters were normal. The histological features of the material aspirated from a skin lesion were consistent with tumoral calcinosis. Sanger sequencing identified a novel homozygous non-synonymous sequence variant in exon 10 of the GALNT3 gene (NM_004482. 3:c. [1681T>A];[1681T>A], NP_004473. 2:p. [Cys561Ser];[Cys561Ser] in the proband and her affected brother. The parents were heterozygous carriers for the same sequence variant. In conclusion, we report a new variant in the GALNT3 gene that caused HFTC in a North Indian family.
The Financial Sustainability of Water Companies: the Italian Case

Water companies have become an important subject of analysis by international scholars to contribute to the sustainable development of each country. In this sense, it is also interesting to verify the financial sustainability of these companies over time. The paper aims to analyze in particular the financial dynamics of water companies operating in sales phase. To this end, the financial statements of Italian companies from the AIDA database for the period 2008-2017 will be used. In this way, a summary picture will be drawn of the possible financial sustainability of these companies over time.
Response of Subdaily L-Band Backscatter to Internal and Surface Canopy Water Dynamics

The latest developments in radar mission concepts suggest that subdaily synthetic aperture radar will become available in the next decades. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the potential value of subdaily spaceborne radar for monitoring vegetation water dynamics, which is essential to understand the role of vegetation in the climate system. In particular, we aimed to quantify fluctuations of internal and surface canopy water (SCW) and understand their effect on subdaily patterns of L-band backscatter. An intensive field campaign was conducted in north-central Florida, USA, in 2018. A truck-mounted polarimetric L-band scatterometer was used to scan a sweet corn field multiple times per day, from sowing to harvest. SCW (dew, interception), soil moisture, and plant and soil hydraulics were monitored every 15 min. In addition, regular destructive sampling was conducted to measure seasonal and diurnal variations of internal vegetation water content. The results showed that backscatter was sensitive to both transient rainfall interception events, and slower daily cycles of internal canopy water and dew. On late-season days without rainfall, maximum diurnal backscatter variations of >2 dB due to internal and SCW were observed in all polarizations. These results demonstrate a potentially valuable application for the next generation of spaceborne radar missions.
Modeling of a Commercial Graphite/LiFePO4 Cell

An isothermal model for the electrochemical behavior of a commercial graphite/LiFePO 4 cell at 25 and 45°C is developed. Although it does not embed any special feature of the porous electrodes and of the two-phase process of the LiFePO 4 electrode, proper account of the experimental charge/discharge (from C/10 to 1C) and path-dependence effects of the commercial cell is achieved. The LiFePO 4 electrode is treated based on a resistive-reactant concept with multiple particles whereas a single-particle approach is used to model the graphite electrode. In order to refine the model parameters for each electrode, half cells are made either from the recovered LiFePO 4 or graphite electrodes vs. a Li counterelectrode. A detailed experiment/simulation analysis of half-cell and complete-cell data unfolds the impact of uniaxial pressure on the galvanostatic charge/discharge limitation and path dependence of the LiFePO 4 electrode in the coin cell and the commercial cell.
Photoacoustic Evaluation of Volume and Entropy Changes in Energy and Electron Transfer. Triplet State Porphyrin with Oxygen and Naphthoquinone-2-Sulfonate

Both the enthalpy and volume changes in energy and electron transfer reactions of triplet uroporphyrin were determined separately in aqueous solution using a photoacoustic technique. The formation of triplet zinc uroporphyrin was accompanied by a 1.5 ± 0.1 A3 per molecule decrease in volume, but only about 0.4 ± 0.2 A3 for the free base uroporphyrin. Formation and decay of singlet oxygen via photosensitization with the above porphyrins both proceeded on the microsecond time scale in H2O but were temporally well separated in D2O. The volume decrease on formation of singlet oxygen was ∼0.4 A3. Electron transfer to napthoquinone-2-sulfonate from triplet zinc uroporphyrin took place with a rate constant of 6 × 108 M-1 s-1, and a volume contraction of −4.4 A3 per pair of ions. This electrostriction can be calculated by the Drude−Nernst equation with radii of 5.5 A (porphyrin cation) and 2.5 A (quinone anion). Combining the measured enthalpy change (−0.37 eV) with the difference in redox potentials of these com.
Multimode W-Band and D-Band MIMO Scalable Radar Platform

This article demonstrates the implementation of 80- and 160-GHz four-channel radar sensors employing the modular scalable platform based on a single relaxed 40-GHz local oscillator and cascadable transceiver chips. The first two channels synthesize <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar at 80 GHz with onboard <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> patch arrays for enhanced angular resolution, whereas the other two channels employ 160-GHz system-on-chip transceivers with integrated wideband 6-dBi micromachined on-chip antennas for enhanced range resolution. Configurable modulators in each transceiver offer ranging, direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation, velocity/vibrations measurement, and data communication applications. Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) is demonstrated with 4-/8-GHz sweep bandwidth at 80/160 GHz corresponding to 3.75-/1.875-cm range resolution. Chirp-sequence FMCW is employed to measure the heartbeat rate of a human, and 78 bpm is measured with 0.06-Hz Doppler resolution. Mechanical vibration rate from a loudspeaker is measured using the CW radar technique, whereas phase-modulated continuous wave is employed for distant selective vibrations measurement. Time-division multiplexing MIMO radar is configured at 80 GHz in a multitarget scenario for DoA estimation, and the targets are distinguished with 25° effective angular resolution. Frequency-division multiplexing MIMO radar technique is demonstrated based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-modulation and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulators. Furthermore, the 10-Mb/s BPSK data communication link is evaluated at 80 GHz with a 20-dB signal-to-noise ratio at 1 m. The 160-GHz vector modulators offer additional modulations.
Security Requirements and Solutions for IoT Gateways: A Comprehensive Study

The need for improving the security level of Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems is growing. Users may refrain from using such systems if they realize that security measures are not in place. In this context, one of the most important IoT components has not received the necessary attention by the community: the gateway. IoT gateways play a central role in an IoT system as they solve heterogeneity issues. However, if compromised, gateways can be a source of security threats, and these threats become more relevant due to the gateway’s central role. Gateways connect IoT devices and cloud services, and successful attacks on this component may exploit this fact. Using a well-known security requirements (SRs) engineering approach, this article evaluates and prioritizes SRs specifically for IoT gateways. The prioritization highlights a set of SRs that must be observed when evaluating and improving the gateway security level. Also, current solutions are detailed to support the enforcement of such SRs. Finally, a set of open challenges are discussed to highlight current research gaps that must be addressed to support SRs.
Analytical Study of Stator Tooth Modulation on Electromagnetic Radial Force in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

The electromagnetic radial force acting on the stator inner periphery will induce radial vibration and acoustic noise in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The radial force components are transmitted through the stator teeth to the yoke to introduce deformations. The influence of the stator tooth structure can be considered as an equivalent mechanical modulation effect on these electromagnetic radial force components. As a result, high-order electromagnetic radial force components can be modulated and potentially result in eminent stator low-mode vibration. In this article, an analytical model is developed to offer an intuitive knowledge of stator tooth modulation effect on electromagnetic radial force. The validity of the proposed analytical method is underpinned by both finite-element analysis and experimental results. Such an effective yet simple analytical model can be of significant benefit for the stator radial vibration analysis. It can be employed to not only promptly investigate the stator radial vibration characteristics, but also perform effective optimization on stator radial vibration reduction in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs).
Quality Evaluation of the Open Standard Data

Public data refers to all data or information created by public institutions, and public information that leads to communication and cooperation among all people. Public data is an important method to lead the next generation of new industries such as artificial intelligence and smart cities, Korea is continuously ranked high in the international evaluation related to public data. However, despite the continuous efforts, the use of public data or industrial influence is insufficient. Quality issues are continuously discussed in the use of public data, but the criteria for quantitatively evaluating data are insufficient. This paper reviews indicators for public data quality evaluation and performs quantitative evaluation on selected public data. In particular, the quality of open standard data constructed and opened based on public data management guidelines is examined to determine whether government guidelines are appropriate. The data quality assessment includes the metadata and data values of open standard data
Reflectometry studies of the oxidation kinetics of thin copper films

Oxide formation on magnetron‐sputtered thin copper films (35 nm thickness) was studied by x‐ray reflectometry and grazing incidence x‐ray diffraction. The films were oxidized in air at temperatures of 175° C, 200° C, 225° C and 250° C. The reflectometry and the diffractometry data indicate the formation of Cu2O. A power‐law dependence of the oxide layer thickness was found. The activation energy obtained is weakly time dependent. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.