Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host inbreeding increases susceptibility to ectoparasitism

Inbreeding, which increases homozygosity throughout the genome by increasing the proportion of alleles that are identical by descent, is expected to compromise resistance against parasitism. Here, we demonstrate that host inbreeding increases susceptibility to ectoparasitism in a natural fruit fly (Drosophila nigrospiracula) – mite (Macrocheles subbadius) association, and that this effect depends on host genetic background. Moreover, flies generated from reciprocal crosses between susceptible inbred lines exhibited elevated levels of resistance similar to that in the mass‐bred base population, confirming in reverse direction the causative link between expected heterozygosity and resistance. We also show that inbreeding reduces the host's ability to sustain energetically expensive behaviours, and that host exhaustion dramatically increases susceptibility. These findings suggest that inbreeding depression for resistance results from an inability to sustain defensive behaviours because of compromised physiological competence.
Indolamine 2,3‐dioxygenase is expressed in the CNS and down‐regulates autoimmune inflammation

The tryptophan (trp)‐catabolizing enzyme indolamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is induced by the T helper 1 (Th 1) cytokine IFN‐γ during infections in various tissues including the brain. Recent studies demonstrated an immune modulatory function of this enzyme, since IDO‐mediated depletion of trp hinders T cell proliferation, while its inhibition by 1‐methyl‐tryptophan (1‐Mt) induces breakdown of immune tolerance in the placenta, leading to rejection of allogeneic concepti. Here, we tested IDO expression and function during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) actively induced in adult SJL mice by immunization with PLP139–151. IDO activity (determined by HPLC analysis of the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) was increased in the spleen during the preclinical phase, and within the brain and spinal cord at the onset of symptoms. Immunocytochemistry revealed macrophages/activated microglia expressing IDO during EAE and in vitro experiments confirmed IDO induction in microglia upon IFN‐γ treatment with synergistic effects of TNF‐α. Inhibition of IDO by systemic administration of 1‐Mt at clinical onset significantly exacerbated disease scores. From these data, it is tempting to speculate that IFN‐γ from encephalitogenic Th 1 cells induces local IDO expression, thereby initiating a negative feedback loop which may underlie the self‐limitation of autoimmune inflammation during EAE and multiple sclerosis.
Aproximación al manejo de la hiperhidrosis en el pie

La hiperhidrosis es un trastorno patologico causado por un aumento de sudoracion superior a las necesidades fisiologicas precisas en el proceso de termorregulacion corporal y al balance electrolitico, ya sea de manera local, regional o general. La excesiva sudoracion, suele ser bilateral y simetrica relativamente frecuente a nivel general en las axilas, las palmas de las manos, en la region craneofacial y de forma especial en las plantas de los pies. Esta afeccion ocasiona perturbacion ocupacional, deterioro psicologico y fisico, y una potencial estigmatizacion social. La carencia de consenso en relacion a la etiologia multifactorial que presenta esta afeccion y la prevalencia de esta enfermedad a nivel del pie, sobre todo en los jovenes, nos lleva a mejorar los conocimientos existentes en lo que se refiere a su clasificacion, diagnostico y tratamiento en la busqueda de actualizar los conceptos relacionados con esta patologia del pie.
[RP 67580, a potent and selective substance P non-peptide antagonist].

The pharmacological properties of 7,7-Diphenyl-2 [1-imino-2 (2-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl] perhydroisoindol-4-one (3 aR, 7 aR) or RP67580 are described. This compound, derived from a novel chemical family, is a potent and selective substance P (SP) antagonist, in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, it inhibited in a competitive manner (IC50 = 10 nM) 3H-SP binding in rat brain (NK1 receptors). It did not interact with the two other tachykinin receptor sites (NK2 and NK3) nor the other receptor sites tested. Moreover, RP67580 competitively antagonized the contractile activity of SP on guinea-pig ileum (pA2 = 7.16); in contrast, it was inactive in rabbit pulmonary artery and in rat portal vein tissues which contain NK2 and NK3 receptors, respectively. In vivo, in the rat, RP67580 inhibited the plasmatic extravasation induced by administration of SP (ED50 = 0.04 mg/kg i.v.) as well as that induced by antidromic stimulation of a peripheral sensory nerve (ED50 = 0.15 mg/kg i.v.). In mice and rats, RP67580, like morphine, potently blocked the nociceptive effects of phenylbenzoquinone and formalin; its antinociceptive effect does not involve opiate receptors since it was not reversed by naloxone. These results indicate that RP67580 is a particularly valuable tool for investigating the physiological and pathological role of SP.
A Fast Route Planning Algorithm

This paper studies the route planning problem. Two efficient algorithms to solve the route planning problem are presented. The two algorithms are in the algorithm framework of bucket algorithm. The improved algorithms speed up the bucket algorithm significantly. The computational experiments demonstrate that the achieved results are not only of theoretical interest, but also that the techniques developed may actually lead to considerably faster algorithm.
Segmental disinhibition suppresses C‐fiber inputs to the rat superficial medullary dorsal horn via the activation of GABAB receptors

Specialized primary afferents, although they terminate in different laminae within the dorsal horn (DH), are known to interact through local circuit excitatory and inhibitory neurons. That a loss of segmental inhibition probably contributes to persistent pain hypersensitivity during chronic pain raises the question as to how disinhibition‐induced changes in cross‐modal interactions account for chronic pain symptoms. We sought to characterize how pharmacological blockade of glycine and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors modifies synaptic transmission between primary afferent fibers and second‐order neurons by recording field potentials in the superficial medullary dorsal horn (MDH) of anesthetized rats. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation evokes three negative field potentials elicited by, from earliest to latest, Aβ‐, Aδ‐ and C‐fiber primary afferents. Blocking segmental glycine and/or GABAA receptors, with strychnine and bicuculline, respectively, strongly facilitates Aβ‐ and Aδ‐fiber‐evoked polysynaptic field potentials but, conversely, inhibits, or even abolishes, the whole C‐fiber field potential. Blocking segmental GABAB receptors, with phaclofen, reverses such suppression of C‐fiber field potentials. Interestingly, it also potentiates C‐fiber field potentials under control conditions. Finally, activation of segmental GABAB receptors, with baclofen, preferentially inhibits C‐fiber field potentials. Our results suggest that activation of A‐fiber primary afferents inhibits C‐fiber inputs to the MDH by the way of polysynaptic excitatory pathways, last‐order GABAergic interneurons and presynaptic GABAB receptors on C‐fiber primary afferents. Under physiological conditions, activation of such local DH circuits is closely controlled by segmental inhibition but it might contribute to paradoxically reduced pain hypersensitivity under pathological disinhibition.
Allocation Strategies for Data-Oriented Architectures

Data orientation is a common design principle in distributed data management systems. In contrast to process-oriented or transaction-oriented system designs, dataoriented architectures are based on data locality and function shipping. The tight coupling of data and processing thereon is implemented in different systems in a variety of application scenarios such as data analysis, database-as-a-service, and data management on multiprocessor systems. Data-oriented systems, i.e., systems that implement a data-oriented architecture, bundle data and operations together in tasks which are processed locally on the nodes of the distributed system. Allocation strategies, i.e., methods that decide the mapping from tasks to nodes, are core components in data-oriented systems. Good allocation strategies can lead to balanced systems while bad allocation strategies cause skew in the load and therefore suboptimal application performance and infrastructure utilization. Optimal allocation strategies are hard to find given the complexity of the systems, the complicated interactions of tasks, and the huge solution space. To ensure the scalability of dataoriented systems and to keep them manageable with hundreds of thousands of tasks, thousands of nodes, and dynamic workloads, fast and reliable allocation strategies are mandatory. In this thesis, we develop novel allocation strategies for data-oriented systems based on graph partitioning algorithms. Therefore, we show that systems from different application scenarios with different abstraction levels can be generalized to generic infrastructure and workload descriptions. We use weighted graph representations to model infrastructures with bounded and unbounded, i.e., overcommited, resources and possibly non-linear performance characteristics. Based on our generalized infrastructure and workload model, we formalize the allocation problem, which seeks valid and balanced allocations that minimize communication. Our allocation strategies partition the workload graph using solution heuristics that work with single and multiple vertex weights. Novel extensions to these solution heuristics can be used to balance penalized and secondary graph partition weights. These extensions enable the allocation strategies to handle infrastructures with non-linear performance behavior. On top of the basic algorithms, we propose methods to incorporate heterogeneous infrastructures and to react to changing workloads and infrastructures by incrementally updating the partitioning. We evaluate all components of our allocation strategy algorithms and show their applicability and scalability with synthetic workload graphs. In end-to-end– performance experiments in two actual data-oriented systems, a database-as-aservice system and a database management system for multiprocessor systems, we prove that our allocation strategies outperform alternative state-of-the-art methods.
Extension and Cleavage of the Polypurine Tract Plus-strand Primer by Ty1 Reverse Transcriptase*

Using hybrid RNA/DNA substrates containing the polypurine tract (PPT) plus-strand primer, we have examined the interaction between the Ty1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and the plus-strand initiation complex. We show here that, although the PPT sequence is relatively resistant to RNase H cleavage, it can be cleaved internally by the polymerase-independent RNase H activity of Ty1 RT. Alternatively, this PPT can be used to initiate plus-strand DNA synthesis. We demonstrate that cleavage at the PPT/DNA junction occurs only after at least 9 nucleotides are extended. Cleavage leaves a nick between the RNA primer and the nascent plus-strand DNA. We show that Ty1 RT has a strand displacement activity beyond a gap but that the PPT is not efficiently re-utilized in vitro for another round of DNA synthesis after a first plus-strand DNA has been synthesized and cleaved at the PPT/U3 junction.
ALACA: A platform for dynamic alarm collection and alert notification in network management systems

Mobile network operators run Operations Support Systems that produce vast amounts of alarm events. These events can have different significance levels and domains and also can trigger other ones. Network operators face the challenge to identify the significance and root causes of these system problems in real time and to keep the number of remedial actions at an optimal level, so that customer satisfaction rates can be guaranteed at a reasonable cost. In this paper, we propose a scalable streaming alarm management system, referred to as Alarm Collector and Analyzer, that includes complex event processing and root cause analysis. We describe a rule mining and root cause analysis solution for alarm event correlation and analyses. The solution includes a dynamic index for matching active alarms, an algorithm for generating candidate alarm rules, a sliding window–based approach to save system resources, and a graph‐based solution to identify root causes. Alarm Collector and Analyzer is used in the network operation center of a major mobile telecom provider. It helps operators to enhance the design of their alarm management systems by allowing continuous analysis of data and event streams and predict network behavior with respect to potential failures by using the results of root cause analysis. We present experimental results that provide insights on performance of real‐time alarm data analytics systems.
Uncertainty Analysis Based on Probability Bounds (P‐Box) Approach in Probabilistic Safety Assessment

A wide range of uncertainties will be introduced inevitably during the process of performing a safety assessment of engineering systems. The impact of all these uncertainties must be addressed if the analysis is to serve as a tool in the decision‐making process. Uncertainties present in the components (input parameters of model or basic events) of model output are propagated to quantify its impact in the final results. There are several methods available in the literature, namely, method of moments, discrete probability analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, fuzzy arithmetic, and Dempster‐Shafer theory. All the methods are different in terms of characterizing at the component level and also in propagating to the system level. All these methods have different desirable and undesirable features, making them more or less useful in different situations. In the probabilistic framework, which is most widely used, probability distribution is used to characterize uncertainty. However, in situations in which one cannot specify (1) parameter values for input distributions, (2) precise probability distributions (shape), and (3) dependencies between input parameters, these methods have limitations and are found to be not effective. In order to address some of these limitations, the article presents uncertainty analysis in the context of level‐1 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) based on a probability bounds (PB) approach. PB analysis combines probability theory and interval arithmetic to produce probability boxes (p‐boxes), structures that allow the comprehensive propagation through calculation in a rigorous way. A practical case study is also carried out with the developed code based on the PB approach and compared with the two‐phase Monte Carlo simulation results.
Subcellular Distribution of Components of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Non-diseased Human and Rat Brain

Our aim was to investigate and to compare the intracellular distribution of ubiquitin, 20S proteasome, and all six proteasomal regulatory ATPases in non-diseased human and rat brains. Ubiquitin and ATPases S4 and S7 show dominant nuclear immunostaining, whereas subunits S6a, S6b, and S10b show mainly cytoplasmic immunostaining in both species. However, S8 localization is inconsistent, prevailing nuclear in rat and cytoplasmic in human. In rat brain, small clastosome-like nuclear bodies demonstrate strong ubiquitin, 20S, and S6a immunoreactivity both in neurons and glial cells. Prominent nuclear immunolocalization of members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system provides morphological evidence for function of these proteins in transcription regulation and/or DNA repair.
Healthy Country: Healthy People? Exploring the health benefits of Indigenous natural resource management

Objective: Decades of health‐related research have produced a large body of knowledge describing alarming rates of morbidity, mortality and social/cultural disruption among Indigenous Australians, but have failed to deliver sustainable interventions to arrest the deepening spiral of ill‐health. This paper explores the potential of Indigenous natural resource management (NRM) activities to promote and preserve Indigenous health in remote areas of northern Australia.
ECMO in adults for severe respiratory failure finally comes of age: just in time?

The idea of employing cardiopulmonary bypass technology as a means of oxygenating (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)) or removing carbon dioxide (ECCO2R) in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) was first assessed in randomised controlled trials in the 1970s and 1980s.1 2 Poor rates of survival and major complications, particularly massive haemorrhage, led to most intensivists believing that ECMO was inappropriate in adults. A small number of centres worldwide—including that in Leicester, UK—continued to refine the use of ECMO in small numbers of adult patients whom it proved impossible to oxygenate by conventional means. Following the publication of their case series with improved results,3 Peek and colleagues embarked upon a randomised controlled trial of conventional ventilation or ECMO in patients with severe ARF (CESAR), the results of which have just been reported.4 Patients (n=766) were screened for inclusion over a 5-year period and those with potentially reversible severe ARF (defined as a Murray score >3 or …
CFTR Gene Transfer and Tracking the CFTR Protein in the Airway Epithelium

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in a single gene, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This disease primarily involves epithelial cells of the respiratory system, intestine, pancreas, gall bladder, and sweat glands. Although several organs are affected, the main cause of CF mortality and morbidity is due to pulmonary complications associated with impaired clearance and obstruction by viscous mucus secretions, which makes the lung epithelial cells the principle target for CF treatment. A monogenic disease such as CF was a priori an ideal candidate for gene therapy, as treatment of the disease was thought to be feasible with the introduction of the normal alleles of the CFTR gene into the airway epithelial cells to code for the functional protein.
Conversión Fonética Automática con Información Fonológica para el Gallego

En este articulo se presenta un sistema de conversion fonetica con informacion fonologica para el gallego. El conversor permite evaluar diferentes procesos fonologicos como la silabificacion o la derivacion fonologica, asi como transcribir automaticamente lexicos con informacion fonetica de diferentes variedades linguisticas. Varios modulos componen el sistema presentado: (i) conversion fonologica, que genera una representacion fonologica a partir de un input ortografico; (ii) silabificacion, (iii) asignacion de acento y (iv) conversion fonetica, que produce diferentes representaciones foneticas (de diversos dialectos) desde una representacion fonologica. La precision del sistema, evaluado en un corpus periodistico, supera el 99%.
On closely coupled dipoles in a random field

Reception of partially correlated fields by two closely coupled electrical dipoles is discussed as a function of load impedances and open-circuit correlations. Two local maxima of the power may be achieved for two different load impedances, but in those cases the output correlations are high. Choosing the loads to give zero output correlations is possible for almost any real-valued open-circuit correlation with a resulting reduction of received power or gain. However, the excess loss is only of the order 1.5 $ dB$ for a spacing as small as 0.05 wavelength.
Difficult/therapy-resistant asthma: the need for an integrated approach to define clinical phenotypes, evaluate risk factors, understand pathophysiology and find novel therapies. ERS Task Force on Difficult/Therapy-Resistant Asthma. European Respiratory Society.

A Task Force supported by the European Respiratory Society was set up in 1997 in order to address the major issues relevant to difficult/therapy-resistant asthma. Although the group of patients involved is small in comparison to the high numbers of patients with asthma, these patients consume a significant proportion of medical resources in terms of both time and money [1]. The major issues facing the Task Force were how to define "difficult asthma", how the patient with difficult asthma should be evaluated, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying difficult asthma and the treatments available. The Task Force also concerned itself with defining the areas of research necessary to bring about a greater understanding of the causes of difficult asthma and novel treatments. The document resulting from this Task Force represents a consensus of different opinions, which will form the basis for further research. Formulating the definition
The Establishment of the Virtual Performance Space in Rock

Abstract Analysis of the spatial elements of popular music recordings can be made by way of the ‘sound-box’, a concept that acknowledges the way sound sources are perceived to exist in four dimensions: laterality, register, prominence, and temporal continuity. By late 1972 producers working across a range of styles and in different geographical locations had adopted a normative positioning of sound sources across these dimensions. In 1965 no such norm existed. This article contextualizes the notion of the sound-box within academic discourse on popular music and explores the methodology employed by a research project that addressed the gradual coming-into-existence of the norm, which the project defined as the diagonal mix. A taxonomy of types of mix is offered, and a chronology of the adoption of the diagonal mix in rock is presented.
Une virginité sans hymen : le corps féminin en Grèce ancienne

Tout anthropologue du monde grec ancien, tout historien des sexualités occidentales rencontre tôt ou tard une figure qui l'intrigue : la parthénos, c'està- dire la vierge, ou bien la jeune fille non mariée. C'est le mot même, le nom grec parthé nos qui pose au lecteur un problème majeur : quel sens lui donner, comment le traduire ? Car choisir entre vierge et jeune fille non mariée signifie interpréter, sinon prendre parti : en préférant la première version l'on se contente d'une équivalence irréfléchie entre la virginité païenne et celle que nous saurions définir hic et nunc; en retenant « jeune fille nubile », nous mettons délibérément à distance un modèle de sexualité féminine qui serait propre à un univers autonome, ignorant du christianisme, étranger à la piété mariale.