Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE GENES nifH Y PRODUCCIÓN DE ACIDO INDOL ACETICO EN CEPAS NATIVAS DE AZOTOBACTER

With the aim to evaluate the production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and the presence of nifH gene in indigenous fixing nitrogen isolates, these were isolated in Ashby medium (CIZ, C2Z, CIE, C2E, C3E, C4E, C5E, C1T,C2T, C3T, C4T, C5T, C1BR, C2BR, C3BR, C4BR, C5BR, CT, C1CO, C4CO, C5CO, CICA, C3CA, C4CA and C5CA), these isolates were previously isolated by Jiménez, 2007. Moreover, there were made a batch culture using BT medium to induce the production of IAA and it was quantified using Salkowsky reagent. It was found significantly differences between the isolations and it was determined that C1CA, C1E, C4E and C4T produced the major quantity of IAA. In addition, it was confirmed through evaluation of IAA production that isolations C1CA, C1E and C4T, which belong to group I of ARDRA , correspond to A. vinelandii species. In order to identify the presence of nifH gene it was made the DNA extraction of each isolation, after that, it was made a PCR to amplified the functional nifH gene using for A and Rev primers. From this process it was obtained 9 amplification bands of the 25 samples analyzed (ATCC, C2E, C1T, C5E, C3BR, C5CA, C1CA, C3E and C4T).
The HIV/AIDS pandemic in Kenya: an investigation into the perceptions of Kenyans toward people living with HIV/AIDS and government programmes

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is compounded by the continued stigmatization of the virus/disease and of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Employing structuration theory, this study sought to examine the perceptions of Kenyans toward their government’s efforts to curtail HIV/AIDS as well as their attitudes toward PLWHA. Data for this study were collected using an open-ended online survey. In total, 103 participants (25.3%) completed the survey. We used snowball sampling to select prospective participants known to the researcher; they were sent a link to the survey via email or direct message on a social networking site like Facebook or WhatsApp, and were asked to share the survey with people in their social circles. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that some participants had confidence in the Kenyan government’s efforts to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic, while others showed no confidence in government-led initiatives. Consistent with previous research, this study found that stigma towards HIV/ AIDS and PLWHA still exists. Practical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Telomerase Catalytic Subunit Homologs from Fission Yeast and Human

). Although this may not be the only mecha-nism by which clozapine elicits its effects onPCP-induced cognitive dysfunction, thisactivation of the dopamine system of theprefrontal cortex may contribute to theability of clozapine to ameliorate the im-pairments in our model and, perhaps, inschizophrenia.Our data show that repeated administra-tion of PCP inhibits basal and stimulateddopaminergic function in the prefrontalcortex of the monkey brain. The deficiencyof dopamine in the prefrontal cortex that isinduced by repeated administration of PCPis associated with a long-lasting cognitivedeficit, which is ameliorated by the atypicaltherapeutic drug clozapine. These effectsare observed long after PCP administrationis stopped and thus cannot be attributed todirect effects of the drug. This primate mod-el of dopamine dysfunction in the cortexmay provide a paradigm for investigatingthe pathophysiology underlying neuropsy-chiatric disorders associated with a primarycognitive dysfunction in the cortex and adopaminergic deficit in the prefrontal cor-tex, as is hypothesized in schizophrenia(
Recent Developments of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for High-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries.

Lithium ion batteries have been considered as a promising energy storage solution, whose performance is dependent on the electrochemical properties of each component, including cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator. Currently, fast charging is becoming an attractive research field due to the widespread application of batteries in electric vehicles which are designed to replace the conventional diesel automobiles in the future. In these batteries, rate capability, which is closely linked to the topology and morphology of electrode materials, is one of the determining parameters of interest. It has been revealed that nanotechnology is an exceptional tool in designing and preparing cathodes and anodes with outstanding electrochemical kinetics due to the well-known nanosizing effect. Nevertheless, the negative effects of applying nanomaterials in electrodes sometimes outweigh the benefits. In order to have better understanding of the exact function of nanostructures in solid-state electrodes, herein, we provide a comprehensive review beginning with the fundamental theory of lithium ion transportation in solids, which is then followed by a detailed analysis on several major factors affecting the migration of lithium ions in solid-state electrodes. The latest developments in characterisation techniques, based on either electrochemical or radiology methodologies, are covered as well. In addition, state-of-the-art research findings are provided to illustrate the effect of nanomaterials and nanostructures in promoting the rate performance of lithium ion batteries. Finally, several challenges and shortcomings of applying nanotechnology in fabricating high-rate lithium ion batteries are summarised.
The contribution of C. elegans neurogenetics to understanding neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract Since Caenorhabditis elegans was first introduced as a genetic model organism by Sydney Brenner, researchers studying it have made significant contributions in numerous fields including investigations of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The simple anatomy, optical transparency, and short life-span of this small nematode together with the development and curation of many openly shared resources (including the entire genome, cell lineage and the neural map of the animal) allow researchers using C. elegans to move their research forward rapidly in an immensely collaborative community. These resources have allowed researchers to use C. elegans to study the cellular processes that may underlie human diseases. Indeed, many disease-associated genes have orthologs in C. elegans, allowing the effects of mutations in these genes to be studied in relevant and reproducible neuronal cell-types at single-cell resolution in vivo. Here we review studies that have attempted to establish genetic models of specific human neurodegenerative diseases (ALS, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease) in C. elegans and what they have contributed to understanding the molecular and genetic underpinnings of each disease. With continuous advances in genome engineering, research conducted using this small organism first established by Brenner, Sulston and their contemporaries will continue to contribute to the understanding of human nervous diseases.
Cryo-EM structure of VASH1-SVBP bound to microtubules

The dynamic tyrosination-detyrosination cycle of α-tubulin regulates microtubule functions. Perturbation of this cycle impairs mitosis, neural physiology, and cardiomyocyte contraction. The carboxypeptidases vasohibins 1 and 2 (VASH1 and VASH2), in complex with the small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP), mediate α-tubulin detyrosination. These enzymes detyrosinate microtubules more efficiently than soluble αβ-tubulin heterodimers. The structural basis for this substrate preference is not understood. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we have determined the structure of human VASH1-SVBP bound to microtubules. The acidic C-terminal tail of α-tubulin binds to a positively charged groove near the active site of VASH1. VASH1 forms multiple additional contacts with the globular domain of α-tubulin, including contacts with a second α-tubulin in an adjacent protofilament. Simultaneous engagement of two protofilaments by VASH1 can only occur within the microtubule lattice, but not with free αβ heterodimers. These lattice-specific interactions enable preferential detyrosination of microtubules by VASH1.
The effect of child-abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of the parents with substance use disorder: Presenting a model of structural equations

Abstract Child abuse may potentially create the behavioral problems particularly in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the effects of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder using the emotional regulation and social skills as mediators. In this paper, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied. The study population included 358 children of parents with substance use disorder whose parents had referred to the addiction treatment center in Kermanshah province, Iran (2017-2018). Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS), Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS) Questionnaire, and Child Abuse Questionnaire were also used for data collection. IBM SPSS Amos 22 software was utilized for statistical analysis of the obtained data. The SEM was also analyzed to confirm fit of the model. The results showed a direct relationship between the child abuse and behavioral problems so that, the boys outperformed the girls in this regard. The findings also suggested a significant relationship between the family characteristics and behavioral problems. On the other hand, family characteristics and emotional regulation had direct and significant effects on improvement of the social skills (P < 0.001). The results revealed a direct effect of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, it is suggested to take a preventive approach toward child abuse in the children of parents with substance use disorder by employing a comprehensive program and intervention methods.
Total ecosystem carbon stocks at the marine‐terrestrial interface: Blue carbon of the Pacific Northwest Coast, United States

The coastal ecosystems of temperate North America provide a variety of ecosystem services including high rates of carbon sequestration. Yet, little data exist for the carbon stocks of major tidal wetland types in the Pacific Northwest, United States. We quantified the total ecosystem carbon stocks (TECS) in seagrass, emergent marshes, and forested tidal wetlands, occurring along increasing elevation and decreasing salinity gradients. The TECS included the total aboveground carbon stocks and the entire soil profile (to as deep as 3 m). TECS significantly increased along the elevation and salinity gradients: 217 ± 60 Mg C/ha for seagrass (low elevation/high salinity), 417 ± 70 Mg C/ha for low marsh, 551 ± 47 Mg C/ha for high marsh, and 1,064 ± 38 Mg C/ha for tidal forest (high elevation/low salinity). Soil carbon stocks accounted for >98% of TECS in the seagrass and marsh communities and 78% in the tidal forest. Soils in the 0–100 cm portion of the profile accounted for only 48%–53% of the TECS in seagrasses and marshes and 34% of the TECS in tidal forests. Thus, the commonly applied limit defining TECS to a 100 cm depth would greatly underestimate both carbon stocks and potential greenhouse gas emissions from land‐use conversion. The large carbon stocks coupled with other ecosystem services suggest value in the conservation and restoration of temperate zone tidal wetlands through climate change mitigation strategies. However, the findings suggest that long‐term sea‐level rise effects such as tidal inundation and increased porewater salinity will likely decrease ecosystem carbon stocks in the absence of upslope wetland migration buffer zones.
Could cross‐reactivity rescue Foxp3+ regulatory T cell precursors from thymic deletion?

Thymocytes that bind with high affinity to peptides displayed by MHC class II (pMHC‐II) are deleted while low‐affinity binders differentiate into naive CD4+ T cells. However, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) seem to defy this binary choice as their precursors require high‐affinity interaction with pMHC‐II for maturation in the thymus. Here, we rely on the antigen‐specific interpretive framework, SPIRAL (Specific ImmunoRegulatory Algorithm), to propose that Tregs escape thymic deletion by forming dyads with IL‐2‐producing T cells via antigen cross‐reactivity. This interpretation reconciles contradictions related to Treg ontogeny in the thymus and their role in modulating antigen‐specific immune responses.
Dynamic Regional Brain Atrophy Rates in the First Year After Ischemic Stroke

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Brain atrophy can be regarded as an end-organ effect of cumulative cardiovascular risk factors. Accelerated brain atrophy is described following ischemic stroke, but it is not known whether atrophy rates vary over the poststroke period. Examining rates of brain atrophy allows the identification of potential therapeutic windows for interventions to prevent poststroke brain atrophy. Methods: We charted total and regional brain volume and cortical thickness trajectories, comparing atrophy rates over 2 time periods in the first year after ischemic stroke: within 3 months (early period) and between 3 and 12 months (later period). Patients with first-ever or recurrent ischemic stroke were recruited from 3 Melbourne hospitals at 1 of 2 poststroke time points: within 6 weeks (baseline) or 3 months. Whole-brain 3T magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 time points: baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Eighty-six stroke participants completed testing at baseline; 125 at 3 months (76 baseline follow-up plus 49 delayed recruitment); and 113 participants at 12 months. Their data were compared with 40 healthy control participants with identical testing. We examined 5 brain measures: hippocampal volume, thalamic volume, total brain and hemispheric brain volume, and cortical thickness. We tested whether brain atrophy rates differed between time points and groups. A linear mixed-effect model was used to compare brain structural changes, including age, sex, years of education, a composite cerebrovascular risk factor score, and total intracranial volume as covariates. Results: Atrophy rates were greater in stroke than control participants. Ipsilesional hemispheric, hippocampal, and thalamic atrophy rates were 2 to 4 times greater in the early versus later period. Conclusions: Regional atrophy rates vary over the first year after stroke. Rapid brain volume loss in the first 3 months after stroke may represent a potential window for intervention. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT02205424.
JNK pathway restricts DENV2, ZIKV and CHIKV infection by activating complement and apoptosis in mosquito salivary glands

Arbovirus infection of Aedes aegypti salivary glands (SGs) determines transmission. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on SG immunity. Here, we characterized SG immune response to dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses using high-throughput transcriptomics. We also describe a transcriptomic response associated to apoptosis, blood-feeding and lipid metabolism. The three viruses differentially regulate components of Toll, Immune deficiency (IMD) and c-Jun N- terminal Kinase (JNK) pathways. However, silencing of the Toll and IMD pathway components showed variable effects on SG infection by each virus. In contrast, regulation of the JNK pathway produced consistent responses in both SGs and midgut. Infection by the three viruses increased with depletion of the activator Kayak and decreased with depletion of the negative regulator Puckered. Virus-induced JNK pathway regulates the complement factor, Thioester containing protein-20 (TEP20), and the apoptosis activator, Dronc, in SGs. Individual and co-silencing of these genes demonstrate their antiviral effects and that both may function together. Co-silencing either TEP20 or Dronc with Puckered annihilates JNK pathway antiviral effect. Upon infection in SGs, TEP20 induces antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), while Dronc is required for apoptosis independently of TEP20. In conclusion, we revealed the broad antiviral function of JNK pathway in SGs and showed that it is mediated by a TEP20 complement and Dronc-induced apoptosis response. These results expand our understanding of the immune arsenal that blocks arbovirus transmission.
Optical properties of metasurfaces infiltrated with liquid crystals

Significance Nanostructured metamaterials have been engineered to generate a wide range of optical phenomena, allowing an unprecedented control over the propagation of light. However, they are generally designed as single-purpose devices without a modifiable optical response, which can be a barrier to applications. In this work, we report the nontrivial infiltration of a nanostructured planar silica metalens with nematic liquid crystals. We then demonstrate a measurable change in the metalens optical response after infiltration. Since the orientation-dependent optical properties of liquid crystals can be controlled with external stimuli, this technology could potentially enable dynamic control of the metalens optical response. Optical metasurfaces allow the ability to precisely manipulate the wavefront of light, creating many interesting and exotic optical phenomena. However, they generally lack dynamic control over their optical properties and are limited to passive optical elements. In this work, we report the nontrivial infiltration of nanostructured metalenses with three respective nematic liquid crystals of different refractive index and birefringence. The optical properties of the metalens are evaluated after liquid-crystal infiltration to quantify its effect on the intended optical design. We observe a significant modification of the metalens focus after infiltration for each liquid crystal. These optical changes result from modification of local refractive index surrounding the metalens structure after infiltration. We report qualitative agreement of the optical experiments with finite-difference time-domain solver (FDTD) simulation results. By harnessing the tunability inherent in the orientation dependent refractive index of the infiltrated liquid crystal, the metalens system considered here has the potential to enable dynamic reconfigurability in metasurfaces.
DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-IV INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF SOME INDONESIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

ABSTRACT Objective: The focus of this research is to determine the inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts from 20 plants that have been used traditionally in Indonesia for the treatment of diabetes for dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. Methods: A crude drug was extracted by reflux methods using 96% ethanol for 1 hr. The assay was performed with modification methods of Al Masri et al. using 96 micro well plates, and the absorbance was measured at 380 nm using the microplate reader. Sitagliptin was used as a standard inhibitor DPP-IV. Results: About 5 of 20 ethanol extracts showed the ability to inhibit DPP-IV activity in vitro at a concentration of 2.5 ug/ml. The active extract was obtained from pomegranates rind, bungur leaves, brotowali stem, bodhi leaves, and fenugreek seeds. The inhibitory percentage of the fifth extract was 58.79±2.23, 60.22±2.01, 65.86±0.02, 68.98±1.95, and 71.29±0.33. The IC50 value of sitagliptin was 1.104 ug/ml. Conclusion: The results of in vitro assay showed that some extract inhibited DPP-IV. The fenugreek seed showed the highest inhibition to DPP-IV. Keywords: Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory, Fenugreek seed, Sitagliptin.
Carnosic acid ameliorates depressive‐like symptoms along with the modulation of FGF9 in the hippocampus of middle carotid artery occlusion‐induced Sprague Dawley rats

The increased survival rate of stroke patients has led to the higher incidences of post‐stroke depression. Carnosic acid has the ability to cross blood brain barrier with good neuro‐modulatory actions. Recently, inclined level of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) in the postmortem brain of the depressed patients was noted. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of carnosic acid on post‐stroke depression‐like behavior, and the expression of FGF9 were evaluated. After 3 weeks of middle carotid artery occlusion in Sprague Dawley rats, carnosic acid (20 and 40 mg/kg) was administered for 2 weeks. Sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test were performed and hippocampi were analyzed for FGF9 and FGFR‐3. In comparison to post‐stroke depressed rats, carnosic acid increased the sucrose preference, and reduced the immobility time of the rats by ~2×. The speed and distance‐covered were also increased. At 40 mg/kg, FGF9 was reduced by ~3× while FGFR‐3/Actin was increased by ~1.5×. Altogether results suggest anti‐depressant‐like activity of carnosic acid in post‐stroke depressed rats with decreased expression of hippocampal FGF9.
Long‐term effect of gender‐affirming hormone treatment on depression and anxiety symptoms in transgender people: A prospective cohort study

Cross‐sectional studies show that transgender people are more likely than cisgender people to experience depression and anxiety before gender‐affirming hormone treatment (GAHT). However, the effect of GAHT on mental health in transgender people, and the role of other factors that may have a predictive effect, is poorly explored.
A Framework for Optimizing Technology-Enabled Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Care and Education: The Role of the Diabetes Care and Education Specialist

Purpose The purpose of this article is to present a framework for optimizing technology-enabled diabetes and cardiometabolic care and education using a standardized approach. This approach leverages the expertise of the diabetes care and education specialist, the multiplicity of technologies, and integration with the care team. Technology can offer increased opportunity to improve health outcomes while also offering conveniences for people with diabetes and cardiometabolic conditions. The adoption and acceptance of technology is crucial to recognize the full potential for improving care. Understanding and incorporating the perceptions and behaviors associated with technology use can prevent a fragmented health care experience. Conclusion Diabetes care and education specialists (DCES) have a history of utilizing technology and data to deliver care and education when managing chronic conditions. With this unique skill set, DCES are strategically positioned to provide leadership to develop and deliver technology-enabled diabetes and cardiometabolic health services in the rapidly changing healthcare environment.