Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Block sorting transformations

Summary form only given. The Block Sorting Lossless Data Compression Algorithm (BSLDCA) described by Burrows and Wheeler (1994) has received considerable attention. BSLDCA achieves compression ratio closer to PPM, but with a faster execution speed than PPM. Arnavut and Magliveras (1997) described the theoretical basis for block sorting schemes in the case of permutations and introduced the Lexical Permutation Sorting Algorithm (LPSA). This paper, generalizes the theoretical foundations of block sorting schemes to the multiset permutations (data strings). By expanding the theoretical foundations of LPSA from permutations to multiset permutations (data strings), we introduce a different block transformation, linear order transformation (LOT), and delineate its relationship to the Burrows Wheeler transformation (BWT). We show that LOT is faster than BWT, and for certain data types, such as pseudo-color images, LOT transformation followed by the MTF coder, yields the same amount of compression.
Cerebral, oesophageal and nasopharyngeal temperatures.

It is confirmed that lower oesophageal temperature readings will give an approximate indication of the cerebral temperature in the absence of an open thorax or a rapid transfusion of cold blood. Nasopharyngeal readings are less reliable and should not be used on their own. Middle and upper oesophageal recordings are unsatisfactory because of ventilatory cooling. For an assured accuracy greater than ± 1.0°C, direct intracerebral readings are necessary. The brain at a depth of 4 cm is usually slightly warmer than the lower oesophagus or nasopharynx. More superficial readings may be affected by the ambient temperature and surgical procedures
Dynamic Modeling of a Spherical Robot with Arms by Using Kane's Method

Spherical robot has no operational ability to surrounding unless it integrates arms. For realizing omnidirectional movement and operating task of spherical robot system, this paper describes an innovated prototype and analyzes dynamic characteristics of a spherical rolling robot with arms. Considered nonholonomic constraint, dynamic equations of the robot system with arms were instructed detailedly with Kane's method. Algorithmic steps of equations are developed. The inverse dynamics and the pose of spherical shell can be gotten with MATLAB. For given missions, the experimental results of virtual prototype model agree well with the simulation results, which validate the mathematics model of the system. And the dynamic model establishes theoretical basis for the latter job.
Rôle du fer et des espèces réactives de l'oxygène dans la prolifération et la différenciation des leucémies aigües myéloblastiques : caractérisation du système régulateur IRE-IRP dans l'homéostasie du fer de deux lignées leucémiques humaines

Le pronostic des leucemies aigues myeloblastiques reste tres pejoratif malgre les progres de l'intensification therapeutique. La recherche de nouvelles therapies ne peut s'affranchir d'une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes de leucemogenese. Or, l'homeostasie du fer et l'equilibre d'oxydoreduction sont intimement associes au processus leucemique. Cependant, la relation exacte entre stress oxydant et potentiel tumoral reste encore meconnue. Dans ce contexte, afin d'evaluer l'impact des reseaux de regulation du fer et de l'equilibre redox sur la proliferation et la differenciation des cellules leucemiques, nous avons determine l'etat des mediateurs et des reseaux de regulation d'interet dans deux modeles de lignees leucemiques humaines (KG1 et K562) avant et apres une perturbation telle que la carence en fer. Nos observations des deux modeles leucemiques revelent que le systeme IRE-IRP, systeme regulateur du fer intra-cellulaire, est actif, fonctionnel, et est sous la dependance de la concentration en fer. Pour la premiere fois, les cibles de ce systeme ont ete evaluees quantitativement, definissant un profil similaire entre les deux modeles de lignees leucemiques mais egalement tres similaire au profil de cellules CD34+ issues d'un donneur sain. Enfin, a partir des donnees experimentales, le seuil de fer necessaire a la cellule leucemique pour proliferer, a ete evalue et estime. Ce seuil pourrait se reveler d'une importance considerable, dans l'ajustement de la posologie d'agents anti-leucemiques, dans le traitement des patients leucemiques sous chimiotherapie et anemies, et dans les nombreux cas ou un apport de fer au patient est necessaire.
Use of self bias to improve power saturation and intermodulation distortion in CW class B HBT operation

It is shown that a DC base bias circuit can be used to control the RF performance of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) operating under CW conditions near class B mode. By a careful choice of base bias resistance, gain can be linearized, output power at 1-dB gain compression increased, and intermodulation distortion reduced. Measurements performed on HBTs biased near class B operation showed a 10-dB improvement in 1-dB gain compression point and a 10-dB reduction in intermodulation distortion for moderate power levels. Results for various values of DC base resistance for a typical HBT are presented. <<ETX>>
Expectancies specific to condom use mediate the alcohol and sexual risk relationship

The present study tested the role of alcohol expectancies for condom use in mediating the alcohol and risky sex relationship. Expectancies for condom use are specific anticipations for alcohol's effect on one's ability to use a condom. College students (N = 563) reported on beliefs, intentions and actual sexual and drinking behavior. Among the sexually active, alcohol was directly related to future intention to use a condom in drinking situations for men, but not for women. In the men, alcohol expectancies for condom use mediated the relationship between drinking and condom intention. Beliefs that alcohol negatively impacts one's ability to use condoms were associated with more drinking and lower intentions to use a condom. These expectancies may help explain how alcohol affects risky sex in men. Gender differences and implications are discussed.
Comparative mortality risk in adult patients with schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder participating in psychopharmacology clinical trials.

IMPORTANCE There is concern that increased mortality risk among patients with psychiatric illness may be worsened by psychopharmacological agents. OBJECTIVES To assess mortality risk among adult patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder participating in clinical trials conducted by pharmaceutical companies for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to market and to evaluate if psychopharmacological agents worsen this risk. DATA SOURCES The FDA Summary Basis of Approval (SBA) reports of new drug applications and supplemental applications for 28 psychopharmacological agents approved between 1990 and 2011. STUDY SELECTION The FDA SBA reports detailing exposure data from acute placebo-controlled trials and safety extension studies including 92,542 patients from 47 adult drug approval programs for treatment of schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and SBA reports on combination and maintenance therapy programs for treatments of bipolar disorder. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We reviewed and synthesized mortality data from SBA reports that combined mortality rates across the clinical trials, including information on patient exposure years (PEY) for active treatments and placebo for individual indications. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Overall mortality rate per 100,000 PEY in relation to the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients participating in psychopharmacology clinical trials. Also, the overall mortality rates using PEY technique among patients assigned to psychopharmacological agents or placebo were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, mortality risk was high and significantly associated with psychiatric diagnosis (χ²₄ = 1760; P < .001). Compared with the general adult population, patients with schizophrenia had the highest mortality risk (3.8-fold increase), followed by patients with depression (3.15-fold increase) and bipolar disorder (3.0-fold increase). The mortality risk was not increased when patients were assigned to psychotropic agents rather than placebo except for heterocyclic antidepressants. Suicide accounted for 109 of all 265 deaths (41.1%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These data suggest that increased mortality rates reported in population studies are detectable among adult patients with psychiatric illnesses participating in psychopharmacological trials. Furthermore, 3- to 4-month exposure to modern psychotropic agents, such as atypical antipsychotic agents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors does not worsen this risk. Given the inherent limitations of the FDA SBA reports, further research is needed to support firm conclusions.
Partial Splenic Embolization with Y-Shaped Silicone Particles

We have developed an embolizing material consisting of Y-shaped silicone particles for partial splenic embolization. Wide spaces for blood flow are left around the particles when these are lodged in arterial branches. We embolized one kidney in each of 3 dogs with the particles and observed a slowly induced occlusion of renal arterial branches during one month. The particles were also used for partial splenic embolization in 14 patients. The average portion of infarcted spleen tissue 7 days after embolization was 51% calculated from CT images. In 6 patients who had CT both 2 and 7 days after embolization, the average rate of splenic infarction increased from 29% at 2 days to 60% at 7 days. Our patients required analgesics for only 2.3 days on average. The Y-shaped silicone particles by slowly occluding splenic arterial branches produce ischemia in a gradual fashion which may minimize the pain after embolization.
Differential Expression and Glycosylation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 2 Paralogs during Cultivation in Sialyl Lewis x-Deficient Host Cells

ABSTRACT Many microbial pathogens alter expression and/or posttranslational modifications of their surface proteins in response to dynamics within their host microenvironments to retain optimal interactions with their host cells and/or to evade the humoral immune response. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an intragranulocytic bacterium that utilizes sialyl Lewis x (sLex)-modified P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 as a receptor for infecting myeloid cells. Bacterial populations that do not rely on this receptor can be obtained through cultivation in sLex-defective cell lines. A. phagocytophilum major surface protein 2 [Msp2(P44)] is encoded by members of a paralogous gene family and is speculated to play roles in host adaptation. We assessed the complement of Msp2(P44) paralogs expressed by A. phagocytophilum during infection of sLex-competent HL-60 cells and two HL-60 cell lines defective for sLex expression. Multiple Msp2(P44) and N-terminally truncated 25- to 27-kDa isoforms having various isoelectric points and electrophoretic mobilities were expressed in each cell line. The complement of expressed msp2(p44) paralogs and the glycosyl residues modifying Msp2(P44) varied considerably among bacterial populations recovered from sLex-competent and -deficient host cells. Thus, loss of host cell sLex expression coincided with both differential expression and glycosylation of A. phagocytophilum Msp2(P44). This reinforces the hypothesis that this bacterium is able to generate a large variety of surface-exposed molecules that could provide great antigenic diversity and result in multiple binding properties.
Ethylene Production by Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars In Vitro and In Planta

Significant amounts of ethylene were produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, pv. phaseolicola (which had been isolated from viny weed Pueraria lobata [Willd.] Ohwi [common name, kudzu]), and pv. pisi in synthetic medium. On the other hand, the bean strains of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and strains of 17 other pathovars did not produce ethylene. P. syringae pv. glycinea and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola produced nearly identical levels of ethylene (about 5 x 10(sup-7) nl h(sup-1) cell(sup-1)), which were about 10 times higher than the ethylene level of P. syringae pv. pisi. Two 22-bp oligonucleotide primers derived from the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) gene of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola PK2 were investigated for their ability to detect ethylene-producing P. syringae strains by PCR analysis. PCR amplification with this primer set resulted in a specific 0.99-kb fragment in all ethylene-producing strains with the exception of the P. syringae pv. pisi strains. Therefore, P. syringae pv. pisi may use a different biosynthetic pathway for ethylene production or the sequence of the efe gene is less conserved in this bacterium. P. syringae pv. phaseolicola isolated from kudzu and P. syringae pv. glycinea also produced ethylene in planta. It could be shown that the enhanced ethylene production in diseased tissue was due to the production of ethylene by the inoculated bacteria. Ethylene production in vitro and in planta was strictly growth associated.
Dual recognition of herpes simplex viruses by TLR2 and TLR9 in dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) express multiple Toll-like receptors (TLR) in distinct cellular locations. Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) have been reported to engage both the surface TLR2 and intracellular TLR9 in conventional DCs. However, the contributions of these TLRs in recognition of HSV and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in DCs remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a rare population of HSV, both in laboratory strains and in primary clinical isolates from humans, has the capacity to activate TLR2. This virus population is recognized through both TLR2 and TLR9 for the induction of IL-6 and IL-12 secretion from bone marrow-derived DCs. Further, we describe a previously uncharacterized pathway of viral recognition in which TLR2 and TLR9 are engaged in sequence within the same DC. Live viral infection results in two additional agonists of TLR2 and TLR9. These results indicate that in cells that express multiple TLRs, pathogens that contain multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns can be detected in an orchestrated sequence and suggest that the innate immune system in DCs is optimized to linking uptake and degradation of pathogens to microbial recognition.
Supportive and nonsupportive qualities of child health nurses' contacts with strained infant mothers.

AIMS To examine how strained mothers perceive the support they receive from Swedish child health nurse. POPULATION AND METHODS Twenty-four consecutive strained, infant mothers at nine child health centres were invited to participate. The mothers were interviewed when the child was 8 months of age. The mothers also reported their perceptions of their parenting competence by means of a questionnaire. RESULTS Five components of the nurses' support were discerned: positive emotional support, positive informational support, support of the parental role which was either positive or negative, and pressure to accept social norms on child care. A third of the mothers reported strong positive support, decreasing depressive symptoms and favourable perceptions of their own parenting ability. Another third of the mothers reported negative contacts with the nurses, persisting depressive symptoms, and unfavourable perceptions of their parenting competence. The nurses' pressure for the mothers to adapt to certain social norms of child care seemed to affect the latter group of mothers negatively. CONCLUSIONS In order to support strained mothers effectively it is necessary to clarify and resolve conflicts between different programme objectives.
Molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of calcium‐activated chloride channels

Calcium‐activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are a family of anionic transmembrane ion channels. They are mainly responsible for the movement of Cl− and other anions across the biological membranes, and they are widely expressed in different tissues. Since the Cl− flow into or out of the cell plays a crucial role in hyperpolarizing or depolarizing the cells, respectively, the impact of intracellular Ca2+ concentration on these channels is attracting a lot of attentions. After summarizing the molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of CaCCs, the role of CaCCs in normal cellular functions will be discussed, and I will emphasize how dysregulation of CaCCs in pathological conditions can account for different diseases. A better understanding of CaCCs and a pivotal regulatory role of Ca2+ can shed more light on the therapeutic strategies for different neurological disorders that arise from chloride dysregulation, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and neuropathic pain.
SAR interferometric monitoring of movements produced in ordinary masonry buildings during a seismic swarm

During a seismic swarm masonry buildings suffer stresses which often give rise to permanent deformation and, in extreme cases, lesions, and sometimes unavailability. When a large area is hit by a swarm, the number of buildings affected by this phenomenon, and potentially vulnerable, amounts to several thousand, giving rise to huge monitoring activity needs [1]. According to this reason, we decided to explore the methodology of differential SAR interferometry, which allows, in principle, to detect deformations of the order of a few millimeters within a comprehensive picture of a whole area.
The association of measures of the serotonin system, personality, alcohol use, and smoking with risk-taking traffic behavior in adolescents in a longitudinal study

Abstract Studies on the neurobiological basis of risk-taking behavior have most often focused on the serotonin system. The promoter region of the gene encoding the serotonin transporter contains a polymorphic site (5-HTTLPR) that is important for the transcriptional activity, and studies have demonstrated its association with brain activity and behavior. Another molecular mechanism that reflects the capacity of the central serotonin system is the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) as measured in platelets. The purpose of the present study was to examine how measures of the serotonin system (platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism), personality variables, alcohol use and smoking are associated with risk-taking traffic behavior in schoolchildren through late adolescence. The younger cohort of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (originally n = 583) filled in questionnaires about personality traits, smoking status, alcohol use and traffic behavior at age 15 and 18 years. From venous blood samples, platelet MAO activity was measured radioenzymatically and 5-HTTLPR was genotyped. During late adolescence, subjects with lower platelet MAO activity were more likely to belong to the high-risk traffic behavior group. Male 5-HTTLPRs′-allele carriers were more likely to belong to the high-risk traffic behavior group compared to the l′/l′ homozygotes. Other variables predicting risk group were alcohol use, smoking and Maladaptive impulsivity.The results suggest that lower capacity of the serotoninergic system is associated with more risky traffic behavior during late adolescence, but possibly by different mechanisms in boys and girls.
GIS-Practical Experience in the Boundaries Definition of the Platform Deep Crustal Blocks on the Studying of the Earth＇s Surface Fractal Divisibility： Example of the White Sea-Kuloi Plateau

This study examines the use of the geographic information systems (GIS) in structural geomorphology to build the model of the crust based on fractal analysis of relief. Fractal theory, developed by B. Mandelbrot, used to determination morpho-bloc divisibility of the Earth’s surface. There is the traceable statistically recurring relief structure indicate the appropriate tiered hierarchy of crustal blocks forming the tectonic and kinematic layers. This hypothesis tested on a digital elevation model (DEM) of the White Sea-Kuloi Plateau — an area of tectonic and magmatic activity of the Paleozoic era. Found the correlation of position the kimberlite magmatic bodies with the tectonic blocks certain depth according to a fractal analysis.
Detection of drug‐dependent, platelet‐reactive antibodies by solid‐phase red cell adherence assays

We developed a simple modification of the solid‐phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assay system that can be used to identify drug‐dependent platelet antibodies (DDPAs) reactive by either the hapten or immune complex reaction mechanisms. Between January 1994 and August 1996 we tested sera from 173 patients [123 (71%) with unexplained thrombocytopenia and 50 (29%) because of poor responses to platelet transfusions not explicable by alloimmunization or the clinical situation] for DDPAs possibly associated with the receipt of 61 different drugs. We correlated positive results with patients’ clinical courses. DDPAs were identified in samples from 138 (80%) of the patients tested. Antibodies reactive only by the hapten mechanism were identified in 51 (37%) of those sera exhibiting positive reactions. The clinical courses of 108 (78%) patients were evaluable. Discontinuation of the implicated drug(s) resulted in prompt (<5 d) resolution of the thrombocytopenia or improvement in response to transfusion in all of these patients. In four cases thrombocytopenia returned upon re‐exposure to the implicated drug. This adaptation of SPRCA provides a simple means of investigating the possibility of DDPAs and documents a higher frequency of these antibodies than has previously been suspected.
Das Investitionsgütermarketing vor neuen Herausforderungen: Ergebnisse empirischer Studien

Investitionsguterhersteller sehen sich gravierenden Marktherausforderungen gegenuber, etwa dem Eintritt neuer Wettbewerber in den Absatzmarkt, steigenden FuE-Kosten bei sinkenden Produktlebenszeiten, einem veranderten Kundenverhalten, deren Bewaltigung ein marktorientiertes Fuhrungskonzept erforderlich macht. Jedoch schopfen die Unternehmen der Investitionsguterindustrie das dem Marketingmanagement inharente Erfolgspotential bisher bei weitem nicht aus. Dies liegt weniger an den Grundideen des Marketing, zu denen sich auch Investitionsguterhersteller bekennen, sondern vielmehr an der konsequenten Umsetzung dieser Ideen in strategische und taktisch-operative Masnahmen, die bisher unzureichend ist, was durch empirische Untersuchungen belegt wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind Ansatzpunkte fur eine bessere Realisation der Grundideen des Marketing u. a. im Rahmen der Produkt-, Preis-, Kommunikations- und Distributionspolitik verdeutlicht worden, die dazu beitragen konnen, das Umsetzungsdefizit des Marketing in der Investitionsguterindustrie zu vermindern.