Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lossless data compression for the HL-LHC silicon pixel detector readout

Next generation of pixel detectors for the first layers of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) are expected to sustain the particle flow rates up to ~2 GHz/cm2. The very high radiation levels and small available space makes it impossible to envisage optical conversion on chip, which should be done using electrical links, implying that a significant material contribution will be associated with data transport out of the detector volume. In this paper the results of the implementation of a lossless arithmetic data compression are presented. The proposed implementation achieves an average bandwidth reduction factor between 1.7 and 2.2, depending on the readout configuration. In addition, it is shown that the similar compression ratio can be achieved by using Huffman coding.
Implementation of the Beers Criteria: Sticks and Stones - or Throw Me a Bone

Sticks and Stones Or Throw Me a Bone BOGSAT. While not very flattering, BOGSAT (Bunch of Old Guys Sitting Around Talking) accurately describes traditional decision making across many disciplines, including medicine. In an attempt to validate expert opinion panels using the BOGSAT method, the Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) movement sprang up from the original writings of Dr. David Sackett and colleagues at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. They defined EBM as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.
Role of metalloprotease in activation of the precursor of staphylococcal protease

A metalloprotease was isolated from the culture medium of a mutant of Staphylococcus aureus strain V8. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 38,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an optimum pH of 7.0 and exhibited a specificity for peptide bonds on the N-terminal side of large hydrophobic residues. The protease was fully inactivated by 0-phenanthroline but could be reactivated by zinc ions. Cobalt may be substituted for zinc, producing an activity which corresponds to 160% of that of the native enzyme. All these data indicate that this protease is a typical bacterial neutral metalloprotease. The role of this metalloprotease in the activation of the precursor of another protease secreted by the same organism, staphylococcal protease, has been identified. Mutants which lack the metalloprotease accumulated the precursor, which can be specifically activated by the addition of the purified metalloprotease or the related enzyme thermolysin. The purification of the precursor is also reported.
Heredity of congenital glaucoma.

Congenital or infantile glaucoma is usually described as a hereditary condition, transmitted by a single autosomal recessive gene (Westerlund, I944; Francois, 196I; van der Helm, I963; Duke-Elder, I964; Shaffer and Weiss, 1970; Leighton and Phillips, I970). It has been suggested that the penetrance is as low as 40 to 8o per cent. (Westerlund, 1944; Duke-Elder, I964; Shaffer and Weiss, 1970; Leighton and Phillips, 1970), and that the prevalence of the heterozygous state in the general population is high (2 3 to 2 *8 per cent.) (Francois, I96I; van der Helm, I963). These suggestions were necessary to explain the facts that the majority of cases of congenital glaucoma are sporadic and not familial and that a parent and child are frequently affected which is unusual for autosomal recessive disease. We have studied the pedigrees of 64 families of patients with congenital glaucoma and have reached the conclusion that monomeric inheritance of congenital glaucoma is unlikely.
Thermodynamically Consistent Diffuse Interface Models for Incompressible Two-Phase Flows with Different Densities

A new diffuse interface model for a two-phase ow of two incompressible fluids with different densities is introduced using methods from rational continuum mechanics. The model fulfills local and global dissipation inequalities and is also generalized to situations with a soluble species. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions we derive various sharp interface models in the limit when the interfacial thickness tends to zero. Depending on the scaling of the mobility in the diffusion equation we either derive classical sharp interface models or models where bulk or surface diffusion is possible in the limit. In the two latter cases the classical Gibbs-Thomson equation has to be modified to include kinetic terms. Finally, we show that all sharp interface models fulfill natural energy inequalities.
Integration of transfected LTR sequences into the c‐raf proto‐oncogene: activation by promoter insertion.

A malignant cell line (clone S1) isolated after co‐transfection of normal NIH3T3 DNA and Moloney leukemia virus long terminal repeat (Mo‐LTR) sequences has previously been described to contain an activated c‐raf oncogene. Here, we report the isolation by molecular cloning and the structural analysis of the LTR‐activated c‐raf gene. As shown by Southern blot and nucleotide sequence analyses, the transfected Mo‐LTR sequences integrated into the 5th intron of the endogenous c‐raf proto‐oncogene. This intragenic LTR insertion led to the expression of high levels of LTR‐U5‐c‐raf hybrid transcripts indicating an initiation of transcription from the Mo‐LTR promoter. Transcriptional activation of c‐raf is accompanied by the synthesis of large amounts of cytoplasmic c‐raf protein. Immunoblot analysis suggests that the proteins encoded by the LTR‐activated c‐raf gene are truncated compared with the normal c‐raf gene product(s). Our results indicate a promoter insertion mechanism of c‐raf activation.
The role of propagule pressure in the invasion success of bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, in Japan

The bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, is a widespread exotic species in Japan that is considered to have originated from 15 fish introduced from Guttenberg, Iowa, in 1960. Here, the genetic and phenotypic traits of Japanese populations were examined, together with 11 native populations of the USA using 10 microsatellite markers and six meristic traits. Phylogenetic analysis reconfirmed a single origin of Japanese populations, among which populations established in the 1960s were genetically close to Guttenberg population, keeping high genetic diversity comparable to the ancestral population. In contrast, genetic diversity of later‐established populations significantly declined with genetic divergence from the ancestral population. Among the 1960s established populations, that from Lake Biwa showed a significant isolation‐by‐distance pattern with surrounding populations in which genetic bottlenecks increased with geographical distance from Lake Biwa. Although phenotypic divergence among populations was recognized in both neutral and adaptive traits, PST–FST comparisons showed that it is independent of neutral genetic divergence. Divergent selection was suggested in some populations from reservoirs with unstable habitats, while stabilizing selection was dominant. Accordingly, many Japanese populations of L. macrochirus appear to have derived from Lake Biwa population, expanding their distribution with population bottlenecks. Despite low propagule pressure, the invasion success of L. macrochirus is probably because of its drastic population growth in Lake Biwa shortly after its introduction, together with artificial transplantations. It not only enabled the avoidance of a loss in genetic diversity but also formed a major gene pool that supported local adaptation with high phenotypic plasticity.
Robot Path Planning with Obstacles, Actuator, Gripper, and Payload Constraints

A method is presented to obtain the time-optimal motions for robotic manipulators. It considers the full nonlinear dy namics of the manipulator, its actuator saturation limits, and gripper and payload constraints. It also accounts for both the presence of obstacles in the work space and restrictions on the motion of the manipulator's joints. The method is com putationally practical and has been implemented for the optimal trajectory planning of general six degree-of-freedom manipulators. Examples are presented that demonstrate the substantial improvement in manipulator performance that can be achieved using this method.
Epidemiology and Outcomes with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Carcinoma Cervix in a Developing Country: Experience from a Tertiary Oncology Centre in Southern India.

INTRODUCTION Carcinoma cervix is the leading cause of cancer in Indian women. Recurrent/metastatic cervix is the most aggressive form of the disease. There is paucity of data in this setting in Indian women regarding outcomes with palliative chemotherapy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed hospital registry data between January 2013 and December 2014 for recurrent/metastatic carcinoma cervix patients who were planned for palliative chemotherapy and assessed their demographic parameters, response and survival outcomes with chemotherapy. RESULTS We identified 165 cases of recurrent/metastatic carcinoma cervix. Median age at presentation was 48 years. Most common symptoms at presentation were bleeding or white discharge per vagina and lower abdominal pain. Majority of the patients were multiparous. Histologically squamous cell carcinoma was found most commonly (93.3%) with adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma being exceedingly uncommon (3.63% each). 38% of patients were upfront metastatic while rest were recurrent disease. Most common sites of metastasis were retroperitoneal lymph nodes (21.21%), liver (11.51%), lung (9.69%), supraclavicular lymph nodes (8.48%) and bone (7.27%). After a median of 6 cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin based chemotherapy, overall response rate (ORR) was 26.7% with 10.5% complete remission (CR) and 16.4% partial remission (PR) rates. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 6 months while median overall survival (OS) was 11 months. CONCLUSION Recurrent/metastatic cervical carcinoma is an aggressive disease. Our patients showed an ORR of 26.7% to palliative chemotherapy with median PFS of 6 months and median OS of 11 months. Further research is required related to novel targeted agents and nonplatinum doublets.
Determinant of Intention to Use Search Engine Advertising: A Conceptual Model

The innovation of Search Engine Advertising SEA acts as a prominent source of revenue for search engine companies, as well as being a solution for businesses to promote their visibility on the Web. However, the underlying factors that contribute to businesses' decision to adopt SEA have not been well investigated. Building upon known behavioural theories Theory of Planned Behaviour, Technology Acceptance Model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology this paper conceptualizes and develops a context-specific model for understanding the factors that influence the decision of businesses to utilize SEA. The conceptual model of the paper proposes that this decision is influenced by four direct factors attitude toward SEA, subjective norms, perceived control over SEA, perceived benefits of SEA and ten indirect factors trust in search engines, perceived risk of SEA, ability to manage keywords and bids, ability to analyse and monitor outcomes, ability to detect click fraud, advertising expertise, using third party tools, using external experts, perceived complexity of SEA tool, commitment to SEA.The study also identifies future research directions.
Success Rate of Zygomatic Implants for Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophied Maxillae: A Review of the Literature

Severe resorption in the posterior maxilla sectors as a result of tooth loss along with the process of pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, difficult the prosthetic rehabilitation supported by conventional implants due to the shortage of vertical bone availability. So that over the years they have designed therapeutic alternatives to help overcome these drawbacks. The zygomatic implant was introduced in 1988 by Branemark. This implant has a design which allows it to be positioned over the ridge to the height of the first molar, reducing vestibular cantilever up to 20 % and reducing complications of peri-implant inflammation, infection and gingival hyperplasia, which may lead to perforation horizontal process of the palatine bone. The purpose of this review is to determine the success rate of zygomatic implants for rehabilitation of severely atrophied maxillae. A total of 1410 zygomatic implants and 1673 Traditional implants were included in selected articles. Of these 1410 zygomatic Implants, 365 were conventional loading and 1045 were immediately and early loading, these had a success rate of 98.3 % and 98.7 %, respectively. Of these 1673 Traditional Implants, 463 were conventional loading and 1210 were immediately and early loading, they had a success rate of 93.9 % and 97.8 %, respectively. The overall success rate of zygomatic implants and Conventional implants was 98.6 % and 96.8%, respectively. The rehabilitation of severely atrophied maxilla with fixed prosthesis immediately and conventional loaded by zygomatic implants gives excellent results in the medium term. When comparing traditional treatment modalities, proposals for prosthetic reconstruction of severely atrophied maxilla, the zygomatico implant has the highest success rate over conventional treatments.
Multispectral Palmprint Recognition Using Quaternion Principal Component Analysis

Abstract-Palmprint has been widely used in personal recognition. To improve the performance of the existing palmprint recognition system, multispectral palmprint recognition system has been proposed and designed. This paper presents a method of representing the multispectral palmprint images by quaternion and extracting features using the quaternion principal components analysis (QPCA) to achieve better performance in recognition. A data acquisition device is employed to capture the palmprint images under Red, Green, Blue and near-infrared (NIR) illuminations in less than 1s. QPCA is used to extract features of multispectral palmprint images. The dissimilarity between two palmprint images is measured by the Euclidean distance. The experiment shows that a higher recognition rate can be achieved when we use QPCA. Given 3000 testing samples from 500 palms, the best GAR is 98.13%.
Using Decision Trees to Infer Semantic Functions of Attribute Grammars

In this paper we present a learning method called LAG (Learning of Attribute Grammar) which infers semantic functions for simple classes of attribute grammars by means of examples and background knowledge. This method is an improvement on the AGLEARN approach as it generates the training examples on its own via the effective use of background knowledge. The background knowledge is given in the form of attribute grammars. In addition, the LAG method employs the decision tree learner C4.5 during the learning process. Treating the specification of an attribute grammar as a learning task gives rise to the application of attribute grammars to new sorts of problems such as the Part-of-Speech (PoS) tagging of Hungarian sentences. Here we inferred context rules for selecting the correct annotations for ambiguous words with the help of a background attribute grammar. This attribute grammar detects structural correspondences of the sentences. The rules induced this way were found to be more precise than those rules learned without this information.
What preoperative patient-related factors predict inpatient recovery of physical functioning and length of stay after total hip arthroplasty? A systematic review

Objective: To identify the preoperative patient-related characteristics predicting inpatient recovery of functioning and/or length of hospital stay after elective primary total hip arthroplasty. Design: A search was conducted of the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL from inception through April 2014. Observational studies were selected for systematic review if they identified clinically relevant preoperative prognostic factors and reported an association between inpatient recovery of physical functioning and/or length of hospital stay. Study participants were adults undergoing an elective primary total hip arthroplasty. Results: Fourteen studies were included, a total of 199,410 individual total hip arthroplasty procedures. Two studies investigated inpatient recovery of physical functioning, no strong level of evidence was found for a relationship between functional recovery and any of the preoperative predictors. Twelve studies investigated the length of hospital stay and reported 19 preoperative prognostic factors. A strong level of evidence suggested that higher scores on the American Society of Anaesthesiologists assessment (OR 3.34 to 6.22, +0.20 days), increased number of comorbidities (RR of 1.10, +0.59 to 1.61 days), presence of heart disease, (RR of 1.59, +0.26 days), and presence of lung disease (RR of 1.30, +0.34 days) were associated with longer lengths of hospital stay following total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion: For the prediction of inpatient recovery of physical functioning no factors with a strong level of evidence were found. For length of stay there was a strong level of evidence for the American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, number of comorbidities, and presence of heart or lung disease.
Estimating the clinical burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Analysis Outline In brief, of the 87 countries classified as endemic for P. falciparum malaria [40], seven had sufficiently reliable health information systems for case report data to be used directly to enumerate clinical burden for 2007. We divided the population at risk in the remaining 80 countries into regions of unstable and stable risk of transmission [40]. In unstable regions, a uniform clinical incidence rate was adopted of 0.1 case per 1,000 per annum (p.a.). This rate was multiplied by a population surface [44] for 2007 and aggregated to obtain country and regional case estimates for these unstable areas. Upper and lower bounds were defined using uniform rates of zero and one case, respectively, per 1,000 p.a. In stable regions, we used a previously defined Bayesian geostatistical model that took an assembly of space-time distributed parasite rate surveys and generated realisations of continuous age-standardized prevalence within the limits of stable transmission [41]. We then used a Bayesian nonparametric model [42] of a collection of all age active case detection studies, to describe the uncertain relationship between the clinical incidence rate and the underlying agestandardized parasite prevalence. These two models were integrated in a space-time joint simulation framework to generate joint realisations of clinical attack rate for every pixel as a function of the predicted underlying prevalence [43] (Protocol S1). These attack rates were then multiplied by the corresponding pixel population totals to yield joint realisations of a clinical burden surface. This joint simulation framework supported the aggregation of perpixel burden estimates into defined spatial units, whilst preserving a space-time uncertainty structure, allowing country and regional estimates of burden to be made with appropriate credible intervals (Table 1, Protocol S2). Each of these analytical components are now discussed in more detail.
Atrioventricular and Intraventricular Conduction Disorders in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Reappraisal in the Thrombolytic Era

Since acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as an entity became the object of systematic study over 30 years ago, published reports on patients admitted to the hospital with (or who later developed) concomitant bundle branch block (BBB) have emphasized their unfavorable shortand long-term prognoses. ^~^^ Common complications observed during hospitalization included high degree atrioventricular (AV) block and heart failure, and inhospital mortality rates were approximately 30%. 1-" With the advent of new therapeutic options for acute coronary events, isolated instances of resolution of BBB and AV block were reported after primary coronary angioplasty^ and thrombolysis. '' Results from more systematic scrutiny of outcomes in the reperfusion era became available over the past year.
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Implantation: Avoiding Problems and Optimizing Outcomes

The success of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as renal replacement therapy is dependent upon the patient having a functional long‐term peritoneal access. There are a number of identified best practices that must be adhered to during PD catheter placement to achieve a durable and infection‐resistant access. The clinical setting, available resources, and the employed catheter insertion method may not always permit complete adherence to these practices; however, an attempt should be made to comply with them as closely as possible. Although omission of any one of the practices can lead to catheter loss, departures from some are committed more frequently, manifesting as commonly occurring clinical problems, such as drain pain, catheter tip migration, omental entrapment, pericatheter leaks and hernias, and poor exit‐site location. Understanding the technical pitfalls in PD catheter placement that lead to these problems, enable the provider to modify practice habits to avoid them and optimize outcomes.
Anti-cancer alkyl-lysophospholipids inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–Akt/PKB survival pathway

Synthetic alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALPs) represent a new class of anti-tumor agents that target cell membranes and induce apoptosis. However, the exact mechanisms by which ALPs exert these effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated in the epithelial carcinoma cell lines A431 and HeLa the effect of three clinically relevant ALPs [Et-18-OCH3 (Edelfosine), HePC (Miltefosine) and D-21266 (Perifosine)] on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt/PKB survival pathway. We found that growth factor-induced Akt/PKB activation in these cells is dependent on PI3K and that all three ALPs inhibited this pathway in a dose-dependent manner. We further showed that inhibition of the PI3K–Akt/PKB pathway by wortmannin or ALPs is associated with activation of the pro-apoptotic SAPK/JNK pathway. Inhibition of the PI3K–Akt/PKB survival pathway represents a novel mode of action of ALPs that may significantly contribute to the induction of apoptosis.
Pain perception in humans: use of intraepidermal electrical stimulation

The choice of a system specific stimulus is difficult when investigating the human nociceptive system, in contrast with the tactile, auditory and visual systems, because it should be noxious but not actually damage the tissue. The discomfort accompanying system specific stimulation must be kept to a minimum for ethical reasons. In this review, recent progress made in the study of human pain perception using intraepidermal electrical stimulation (IES) is described. Also, whether IES is a viable alternative to laser stimulation is discussed. IES selectively activates Aδ nociceptors, elicits a sharp pricking sensation with minimal discomfort and evokes cortical responses almost identical to those produced by laser stimulation. As IES does not require expensive equipment, and is easy to control, it would seem useful for pain research as well as clinical tests.