Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pursuing Value Through Liquidity: Share Retention, Lockup, and Underpricing in Ipos

This paper proposes that in an initial public offering (IPO), pre-IPO owners make decisions regarding share retention, share lockup, and underpricing to improve liquidity, which in turn increases the value of shares they retain. We suggest that underpricing will increase the number of investors following the stock and foster more trading in both the short run and the long run. Liquidity is negatively related to the proportion of shares retained by pre-IPO owners, ceteris paribus, so we predict that IPO underpricing is positively related to the proportion of shares retained, as an offset. Our predictions are supported by empirical evidence. In addition, we find that, for IPOs with a lockup restriction, underpricing is more substantial and the positive relation between share retention and underpricing is much stronger. We also explore the relation between underpricing and aftermarket trading volume. We find that the relationship between underpricing and trading volume is stronger for IPOs with lockup. IPOs with lockup have higher trading volume, and a significant part of this difference is associated with the effect of underpricing. The evidence supports the argument that for IPOs with lockup, underpricing improves liquidity more effectively; thus its use is more closely associated with share retention.
Walking gait of a planar bipedal robot with four-bar knees

The design of a knee joint is a key issue in robotics and biomechanics to increase the compatibility between prostheses and human movements and to improve the performances of the bipedal robot. We propose a novel design for the knee joint of a planar bipedal robot, based on a four-bar linkage. The advantage of this structure is to produce a translation of the Instantaneous Center of Rotation (ICR) of the knee joint like in the human case. We propose to study the sthenic criterion of a bipedal robot using four-bar knee joint during a walking gait. This walking gait is a succession of finite time double support phases, single support phases and impacts. During the double support phase, both feet rotate. This phase is ended by an impact on the ground of the toe of one foot, the other foot taking off. The single support phase is ended by an impact of the swing foot heel, the other foot keeping contact with the ground through its toe. A parametric optimization problem is presented for the determination of the parameters corresponding to the optimal cyclic walking gait. The main contribution of this paper is to show the influence of double support phases for cyclic stable walking gaits with this novel bipedal robot.
Reflections on the Self and Others: The Influence of Clarity on Interpersonal Judgments

ii Acknowledgments. v Vita . vi List of Figures . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Study 1 . 17 Method . 18 Results and Discussion . 22 Chapter 3: Study 2 . 31 Method . 33 Results and Discussion . 35 Chapter 4: Study 3 . 40 Method . 41 Results and Discussion . 43 Chapter 5: General Discussion. 51
Influence of Slab Length on behavior of Floating Slab Track by Rail-slab-isolator Longitudinal Interaction

Many different types of floating slab track have been developed and installed around the world to reduce vibrations and noise originating in the surrounding environment. The main objective of this study is to examine the influence of slab length on behavior of floating slab track based on rail-slab-isolator interaction. The floating slab track is modeled by the connection between rail, slab, isolator, and slab mat in the transition zone. All elements were assembled in a simplified two-dimensional (2D) finite element model (FEM). The maximum length of FST is then investigated based on the maximum additional rail stress criterion as described in UIC 774-3R since no fully accepted design criteria for the slab length in FST systems currently exist.
Broadening reef protection across the Marine Conservation Corridor of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: distribution and diversity of reefs in Las Perlas Archipelago, Panama

SUMMARY The protected sites defined under the Marine Conservation Corridor of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (MCCTEP) include most of the endemism and a fraction of the areas of high diversity for reef corals and fishes. Although those areas are connected biologically over distances >600 km, lack of large-scale sampling and attention to taxa other than scleractinian corals has limited the protection of shallow coral reef and coral community habitats in some areas of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) region, particularly non-offshore islands in Ecuador, Panama and Costa Rica. The newly created Las Perlas marine protected area (1688 km2), the second largest archipelago in the TEP, fills a regional conservation gap for the protection of reefs and potentially becomes the second highest coral diversity area in the MCCTEP. This study describes the distribution of live coral cover and species alpha-diversity over 307 ha of shallow coral reefs and coral communities in the Las Perlas Archipelago. Nineteen scleractinian and 38 octocorals were observed, including species previously thought to be uncommon. Although coral communities generally had a greater number of species than coral reefs, species richness did not differ between habitats. However, their coral and octocoral composition and benthic makeup (coral cover, macroalgae, sponge, etc.) differed. The reefs had higher live coral cover (61.2%) and lower algal cover (32.5%) than the coral communities (26.0% and 65.7%, respectively). Octocorals were more common in the communities than on the reefs. There was a negative relationship between live coral cover and species richness, low to moderate cover generally coinciding with coral community sites and higher species richness. Areas are recommended for marine reserve zoning within the new Las Perlas marine protected area to ensure the protection of important habitats and maintenance of diversity in the TEP, both highlighting the importance of the southern islands of the archipelago for coral diversity and the northern islands for their high live coral cover. Review of the representativeness of regional coral diversity would facilitate better design of small-scale reserves across the TEP, following comparable survey methods.
Application of Clojure Language to Build Multitasking Simulation Tool

Simulation tool for various kinds of planar vehicles is presented. Each of vehicle is treated as separate object and executed in a thread. Such approach leads to multithreaded system, where concurrency rules have to be obeyed. The proper software tool has to be selected. One of candidates is Java language, with TimerTask objects or Executors, other one is newly developed language Clojure. The Clojure language is interpreted and executed by Java Virtual Machine and possesses many features, which are helpful to build multithreaded, concurrent systems. Streszczenie. Prezentowane jest narzedzie do symulowania ruchu pojazdow na plaszczyźnie. Kazdy pojazd traktowany jest jako oddzielny obiekt i wykonywany w wątku. Takie podejście prowadzi do systemu wielowątkowego, w ktorym muszą byc zachowane zasady budowy bezpiecznych programow wspolbieznych. Istotnym jest wybor wlaściwego narzedzia. Jedną z mozliwości jest wybor jezyka Java. Inną mozliwością jest wybor jezyka Clojure wykonywanego przez wirtualną maszyne jezyka Java. (Narzedzie do symulowania ruchu pojazdow na plaszczyźnie z wykorzystaniem jezyka Clojure)
Sustainable Development of Public institutions:The model of Functional Review

Sustainable development and efficiency of public sector remain priority of governments. Hence, governments are concerned with assessment, plan and measure of functions performed by public institutions. However, various problems related to the methodology of functional review are indicated. The paper aims to develop the model appropriate for the planning and execution of functional reviews in public institutions. The research is based on the method of systemic analysis what let us carry out comparative analysis and synthesis of prevailing models developed by different scholars and practitioners. Suggested model contributes to sustainable development of public institutions by providing consistent guidelines relevant for various stakeholders.
What Happens to Process Data in Chemical Industry? From Source to Applications – an Overview

It is globally accepted that information is a very powerful asset that can provide significant benefits and a competitive advantage to any organization, like production technologies in the chemical industry, which was driven by market forces, customer needs and perceptions, resulting in more and more complex multi-product manufacturing technologies. These technologies, due to their highly automated level, provide mountains of process data, which is applied only in daily operation and control, but it definitely can give access to the underlying structure of any system. To enhance this automation level while keep operation safe and efficient, one needs more information, i.e. knowledge about the process, which can be extracted from process data, and more tools, which can extract effectively this knowledge. To meet the growing expectations for future chemical engineering tasks, like multi-scale modelling, simulation and control or process and product design, advanced data analysis techniques can lead a way to solution. This paper briefly overviews some of the commercial products on market and the applicable data analysis techniques which guide process data from source to its application: from technology to expert knowledge with the help of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process. Numerous citations and their evaluation are given to show that data mining in chemical engineering can efficiently solve many data analysis related problems.
A TARGET AWARE TEXTURE MAPPING FOR SCULPTURE HERITAGE MODELING

Abstract. In this paper, we proposed a target aware image to model registration method using silhouette as the matching clues. The target sculpture object in natural environment can be automatically detected from image with complex background with assistant of 3D geometric data. Then the silhouette can be automatically extracted and applied in image to model matching. Due to the user don’t need to deliberately draw target area, the time consumption for precisely image to model matching operation can be greatly reduced. To enhance the function of this method, we also improved the silhouette matching algorithm to support conditional silhouette matching. Two experiments using a stone lion sculpture of Ming Dynasty and a potable relic in museum are given to evaluate the method we proposed. The method we proposed in this paper is extended and developed into a mature software applied in many culture heritage documentation projects.
E-exams versus paper exams: A comparative analysis of cheating-related security threats and countermeasures

E-exams can have a lot of advantages over traditional paper-based exams, and if using a BYOD approach (Bring Your Own Device) they can also scale to large classes and peak exam days. At the same time, BYOD adds extra security challenges by using student-controlled equipment. To be viable, BYOD e-exams need not have perfect security, only about the same level of security as paper-based exams have. This article uses attack-defense trees to provide an analysis comparing the threats and countermeasures against cheating at controlled exams with paper-based exams versus BYOD e-exams. The conclusion is that neither has a clear advantage from a security perspective.
Acclimation and adaptation to irradiance in symbiotic dinoflagellates. I. Responses of the photosynthetic unit to changes in photon flux density

The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the symbiont of the Caribbean jellyfish Cassiopeia xamachana, S. kawagutii, the symbiont of the Indo-Pacific stony coral Montipora verrucosa, and S. pilosum, the symbiont of the Caribbean zoanthld Zoanthus sociatus. Photosynthetic responses were characterized in terms of cellular pigment content, photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) relationships, and number and size of the photosynthetic unit (PSU). Analyses of the responses under 2 Light regimes of 40 and 250 p 0 1 quanta m-' S-' indicate that: (1) the 3 different species cultured under identical conditions possess different photosynthetic characteristics; (2) the 3 species acclimate to low photon flux density by simultaneously increasing the number and size of their PSU; (3) PSU characteristics were not correlated with the parameters of their respechve P-lcurves; (4) the 3 species analyzed have different photoacclimatory capabilities which can be correlated with their respective ecological distribution as endosymbionts. As different species demonstrate characteristic responses, photo-acclunatory adjustment in symbiotic dinoflagellates may be under genetic constraints, and thus may represent photo-adaptation (sensu 0. Bjorkman). As a whole, the results suggest that symbiont photo-adaptation may constitute an important axis of niche diversification for the intact associations.
Preparation Of Melt Spun Electroconductive Fine Fibres Containing Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract Preparation of electroconductive fine fibres containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by melt spinning was the main goal of the present study. In this regard, the influence of the main operating parameters such as type of polymer used (polyester, polypropylene and polyamide), type and concentration of the CNTs on conductivity, and mechanical and thermal properties of the melt spun fibres was studied. The conductivity of melt spun fibres was measured based on the method developed by Morton and Hearl. The morphologies of the CNTs–polymer composite fibres were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal behaviours and mechanical properties of the CNTs–polymer composite fibres were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and tearing tester, respectively. The results reveal that using CNTs had tangible effect on electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the melt spun fibres. Also, polyamide had a better dispersion of CNTs and correspondingly lower surface resistivity.
Progress and potential roles blood biomarkers of ischemic stroke in clinical setting

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability which involving a complex pathophysiology with multiple mechanisms. Rapid treatment is necessary to terminate the disease progression, hence minimizing CNS damage and subsequent disability. Stroke diagnostic process composed of history taking, neurological examination and supplemented with neuroimaging. Imaging modalities such as CT-scan or MRI are essential in establishing a definitive diagnosis of ischemic stroke. However, the high cost and limited number made them inaccessible for those who have low or middle income which will delay the diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, blood biomarker has potential in either diagnostic or prognostic aspect of ischaemic stroke management. It has a promising potential to aid diagnosis, determine the subtype of stroke, predicting the outcome or early neurological deterioration, and recurrence. It also could potentially help to assess the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, treatment selection, as well as to detect salvageable ischemic penumbra. Although it could not replace neuroimaging, blood-based biomarker assessment had lower cost and faster result. However, despite its promising potential, none of the blood biomarkers is currently used in clinical practice. Therefore, further studies are needed to develop biomarkers or panels of biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity. This review provides a highlight and summary of blood biomarkers based on their potential application in a clinical setting.
Sensory Analysis of the Foot Deodorisation Efficiency of a Commercial Product

The efficiency of a feet deodorization product was tested on a group of previously screened volunteers under laboratory conditions. Feet odour intensity was assessed by a calibrated and trained olfactory panel after 24 hours and 48 hours of continuously wearing the same socks. The results demonstrated that the tested deodorization product was effective in reducing the feet odour intensity from distinguishable to weak. Such reduction was equivalent to the 23% and the 30% after 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively, in terms of odour intensity units.
CLINCOPATHOLOGIC STUDY OF LYMPHOMA: a relook

INTRODUCTION: Lymphomas are heterogeneous group of malignant lympho- proliferative disorders. Broadly categorized into Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHLs) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Decades back one of the challenging topics in morphologic pathology was accurate diagnosis and classification of lymphoma. Studies on lymphoma with clinicopathologic correlation were found to be much significant. STUDY OBJECTIVES: This was a retrospective study aimed to describe lymphomas on histo morphology and thus classify NHLs using working formulation for clinical usage (1982) and HL using Rye (1966) classification respectively. To attempt clinicopathologic correlation. METHODS: The study was done in the department of pathology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga during the period 1989-1999. Formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue blocks previously diagnosed as lymphomas in the department were used. Morphologic details by light microscopy on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections were noted. Clinical history of each case were analysed from hospital records. Clinical and pathologic correlation was done. Special stains Reticulin (Gomori) and Periodic acid Schiff's stain (PAS) was done in relevant cases. RESULTS: Study of total 102 cases of lymphoma it was observed NHLs formed 70 cases with an incidence of 68.3%. HL accounted for 32 cases with incidence of 37.2%. NHLs commonly presented in fifth decade 24.2%, followed by fourth and sixth decade. Sex distribution showed Male: Female ratio as 2.5:1. Majority of cases presented with cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy at 41% and 20% respectively. The most frequent grade was clinically aggressive intermediate grade NHLs seen in 80% of all cases. 20 cases of NHLs were of extranodal in origin. The most common site was gastrointestinal tract (60%) and head and neck region with (30%). The major histologic type in both nodal and extranodal NHLs was diffuse small cleaved cell type (DSCC). HL showed sex ratio of 1.8:1.The common age group was in third and second decade. Mixed cellularity was most frequent type. No extranodal HL was noted. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the usefulness of histomorphology in diagnosis of lymphomas and its basis used in the classification systems. Clinicopathologic correlation was significant. The Result was comparable with various author study series. A relook into the still clinical usefulness of the above classification system in this
Exploring the representative behaviours of local politicians: The example of biased mediation

Biased mediation refers to the way that local politicians privilege outcomes from initiatives that correspond to their own preferences and disregard those that do not (Copus 2010). As an example of a representative behaviour it provides a focus for exploring how local politicians implement their representative role. This paper, therefore, seeks to complement the existing literature on local representation by exploring biased mediation from the ground up with reference to three UK case studies. Each case provides an examination of the responses of councillors to a council sponsored participatory cogovernance initiative. The empirical material is examined using a framework of analysis that draws on Crawford and Ostom’s Institutional Grammar Tool (1995; Ostrom 2005). One conclusion of the paper is that technical critiques of the initiatives in question along with institutional rules linked to power models may be as important, if not more so, than the conscious role preferences of councillors.
Investigation of Time and Energy Consumption using the Physical Model

Different machine vision, image analysis systems and navigation sensor modules were tested during the physical model development, the most conformable was selected. Different route planning algorithms were implemented and analyzed. The best result is obtained using the Ant-colony algorithm. The physical model is used for an autonomous outdoor mobile robot software development and student education. Ill. 3, bibl. 5 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian). http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.eee. 111.5. 363
Taking Darwinism seriously

Chapman & Huffman propose that dropping the categorical distinction between human and nonhuman animals may reduce the atrocious acts of humans towards nonhuman animals, but will it? Taking Darwinism seriously means accepting physical and behavioral continuity across species, including the capacity to feel pain. Carsta Simon, Associate Professor, University of Agder, Norway, works on the philosophy of behavior analysis and evolutionary theory. She also studies adult human behavior experimentally in a natural science framework.
Intuiting Mathematics from Computer Visualizations

In this paper we investigate some possible applications of the computers in teaching mathematics. Our main goal is to illustrate how mathematical intuition and conceptualization can be supported by the computer. In the first example we use a simple mathematical model of a single product market in order to formulate and to study the stability of a fixed point for a real function f : [a, b] ! [a, b]. In the second part we use a simplistic mathematical model of the labor market in order to study the properties of stochastic matrices. Both examples were used in an introductory course of dynamical systems for computer science students for several years.
Proposed Mechanism of Alzheimer ’ s Disease : the Role of Oxidative Stress A Review of Scientific Literature

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has become the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The most notable neuropathological hallmarks of AD are the accelerated accumulation of β-amyloid deposits around neurons and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) within neurons. These abnormalities block proteasome function, inhibit mitochondrial function, alter biometal levels, stimulate inflammatory processes, disrupt synaptic communication, and ultimately result in cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been cited as an underlying cause of AD pathologies, specifically by enhancing the production and accumulation of β-amyloid. Once the β-amyloid oligomers form, they disrupt the Ca signals of the astrocytes by forming calcium ion channels or influencing the existent calcium ion channels. The calcium disruption causes glutathione depletion, which leaves cells susceptible to further damage by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, also enhanced by the mitochondrial dysfunction, has been extensively reported as having a major role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, a vicious cycle ensues in which oxidative stress further enhances AD pathologies and further damages the neurons and astrocytes.