Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No . 494 Using Cyclic Genetic Algorithms to Recon gure Hardware Controllers for Robots by

Control automata for a small hexapod robot are generated by a cyclic genetic algorithm. From these automata a Xilinx net list is synthesized through a series of translations steps. The resulting implementation is downloaded over the communication network of an experimental robot colony. This recon guration of the hexapod's \nervous system" is part of a general environment for experimentation with multi-agent robotics. The process described in this article supports investigations of dynamic adaptive control. keywords: genetic algorithm, robot, colony robotics, FPGA, adaptive control.
Contrasting rainfall patterns over North America during the Holocene and Last Interglacial as recorded by sediments of the northern Gulf of Mexico

The comparison of geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of terrigenous sediments deposited in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) during the Holocene and Last Interglacial (LIG) is used to document the impact of slight differences in insolation and ice‐sheet retreat rates on moisture transfer and precipitation patterns over central North America. The records indicate distinct sedimentological signatures over the two time periods, which likely reflect a modification of the main detrital provenance during the LIG compared to the Holocene. Here we postulate that the observed differences in the terrigenous supply during the LIG relative to the Holocene reflect a northeast migration of the main precipitation belt over the Mississippi River watershed likely in response to deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet prior to the peak in boreal summer insolation and the overall greater increase in boreal summer insolation relative to the Holocene. These combined effects allowed more northward migration of the Jet Stream, Atlantic Warm Pool and Intertropical Convergence Zone than during the Holocene, which may have also forced the Bermuda High farther to the northeast of its present position, thereby pumping more moisture from the GoM and the Caribbean region into both the Upper Mississippi River and northeast Great Lakes area.
Physics-based motion control through hierarchical neuroevolution

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical neuroevolution technique for physics-based character animation control. The artiﬁcial neural network that makes up the controller is composed of a number of interdependent control modules. As a proof-of-concept, modules for posing, standing, and reaching motions are demonstrated. We show that evolving these modules one-by-one, with each of them dependent on its predecessors, allows evolution to converge faster, and possibly deliver better and more stable results than common, i.e. non-hierarchical, controllers.
Exposure to Electromagnetic Environment in Vicinity to Power Transmission Lines and Possible Health Effects : A Review

The possible relationship between human exposure to electromagnetic environment in the vicinity to high and extra high voltage (EHV) power transmission lines and their adverse health effects has become a subject to considerable public interest and concern. The preparation of this review have been carried out for the purpose of quantitative assessment of biological interaction and to evaluate the possible risks from exposure to low frequency fields under high voltage power transmission lines. Further this review have been extended to the analysis of corona generated space charge effects on
EFFECTS OF INHALATION OF 100 PER CENT AND 14 PER CENT OXYGEN UPON RESPIRATION OF UNANESTHETIZED DOGS BEFORE AND AFTER CHEMORECEPTOR DENERVATION

Since the discovery of the aortic and carotid chemoreceptors, a large number of investigations have been performed upon these structures (for bibliography, see (13)). However there is still disagreement upon two points of fundamental importance. The first of these is the question of the existence of tonic activity. Some investigators (11, 8, 9) maintain that chemoreceptor reflexes are of great importance in the control of respiration under all conditions (normal as well as abnormal) while others (4) believe that these structures function chiefly as an emergency mechanism, of extreme importance during anoxemia, asphyxia, acidosis, and marked hypercapnia, but relatively unimportant in the control of normal breathing. The second point has to do with direct stimulation of the medullary centers by anoxia. Although experiments upon anesthetized animals indicate that anoxia usually stimulates the medullary centers only reflexly through the chemoreceptors, it has been reported (12) that anoxemia may stimulate the medullary centers directly if the anesthesia is sufficiently light. Since anesthesia may either intensify or depress chemoreceptor activity depending upon the nature and concentration of the anesthetic3 we decided to investigate these problems on trained unanesthetized dogs. METHODS. Mongrel female dogs of varying size and breed were trained to lie quietly upon a table while breathing through a moulded plaster mask reinforced w&h rubber and fitted with inspiratory and expiratory valves. All gases, including room air, were inhaled from identical Douglas bags attached to a 3-way stopcock on the inspiratory side. Minute volume of respiration was measured by passing the expired air through a gas meter and respiratory rate was measured by a pneumograph and tambour. The periods of inhalation of each gas were usually G minutes; when samples of arterial blood were drawn, these were col-
Perception or Deception ?

What gives Mona Lisa s smile such a mysterious quality? Livingstone (2000) has suggested that the portrait changes its expression depending on where on the portrait the observer looks. The mouth, which is the essential feature of Mona Lisa s remarkable expression (Kontsevich & Tyler, 2004), appears to form an enigmatic smile. Due to sfumato technique (Gombrich, 2005), this impression of a smile is more prominent in the gradual luminance changes that observers perceive mainly in the periphery of their vision— that is, in low spatial-frequency ranges. It is less prominent in the fine details that observers perceive only at the center of their gaze, in high spatial-frequency ranges. Consequently, the subtle smile one perceives while looking at Mona Lisa s eyes (when her mouth appears blurred) vanishes when one attempts to verify this impression by looking at the mouth with maximum visual acuity. Hence, the proposed basis for the elusive quality of Mona Lisa s smile is that ‘‘you can t catch her smile by looking at her mouth. She smiles until you look at her mouth’’ (Livingstone, 2000, p. 1299). In this study, we simulated the phenomenon for the first time experimentally via a saccade-contingent display-change technique that allowed us to subliminally alter the expression of faces depending on the beholder s gaze position.
MicroRNA-126a-5p enhances myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through suppressing Hspb8 expression

Previously, we found several genes are involved in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (M-I/R) injury. In this report, we first developed a mouse model of M-I/R injury and demonstrated microRNA-126a-5p was associated with the M-I/R injury by using high-throughput microRNA expression analysis. We further investigated the expression and function of microRNA-126a-5p during mouse M-I/R injury. We observed high expression of microRNA-126a-5p in the M-I/R mice and increased levels of LDH and CK-MB (damage markers) in the serum. H2O2 and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment significantly increased the expression of microRNA-126a-5p in H9C2 cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, microRNA-126a-5p overexpression in H9C2 cells inhibited cell viability but increased LDH release and caspase 3 activity. Cardiac function analysis based on the measurements of hemodynamic parameters showed that microRNA-126a-5p expression ablation in M-I/R injured mice led to the reversal of the symptoms caused by M-I/R injury. Transesophageal echocardiography also revealed that the values of LVIDd and LVIDs were decreased while the values of LVFS% and LVEF% were increased in M-I/R injured mice after treatment with microRNA-126a-5p inhibitor, compared with the M-I/R injured mice treated with the control. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that Hspb8, a protective protein in myocardium, was the target of microRNA-126a-5p. Thus, these findings indicated that microRNA-126a-5p was up-regulated in mouse M-I/R model and promoted M-I/R injury in vivo through suppressing the expression of Hspb8, which may shed light on the development of potential therapeutic target for M-I/R injury.
A new foot structure with springs and flat soles for biped robot walking

This paper presents a new robotic foot structure for biped walking on rough terrain. Because it is difficult to detect the detailed geometry and dynamic properties of the ground surface before a walking robot lands on it, a foot structure with point contact links has been proposed by the authors to adapt to the ground surface with various geometry and hardness. However, due to the point contact structure, the foot sinks into a soft ground and slides from a small stone-like protrusion on the ground. This study replaces the point contact links by movable flat soles for considering the above problems. In addition, a landing controller is applied to the proposed foot for increasing the stability of contact states with the ground. The effectiveness of the proposed foot structure is verified experimentally.
ocial neuroscience and hyperscanning techniques : Past , present and future

This paper reviews the published literature on the hyperscanning methodologies using hemodynamic or neuro-electric modalities. In particular, we describe how different brain recording devices have been employed in different experimental paradigms to gain information about the subtle nature of human interactions. This review also included papers based on single-subject recordings in which a correlation
Human control strategies for multi-robot teams

Expanding human span of control over teams of robots presents an obstacle to the wider deployment of robots for practical tasks in a variety of areas. One difficulty is that many different types of human interactions may be necessary to maintain and control a robot team. We have developed a taxonomy of human-robot tasks based on complexity of control that helps explicate the forms of control likely to be needed and the demands they pose to human operators. In this paper we use research from two of these areas to illustrate our taxonomy and its utility in characterizing and improving human-robot interaction.
Leakage Current Suppression of Three-Phase Flying Capacitor PV Inverter With New Carrier Modulation and Logic Function

Flying capacitor photovoltaic (PV) inverters have been widely discussed in the literature. However, the relevant leakage current issues have not received much attention. In this paper, the modulation techniques for a transformerless three-phase flying capacitor PV inverter are investigated for the leakage current suppression. First, the theoretical analysis of the system common mode model and leakage current is presented. Second, three kinds of conventional carrier-based modulation techniques are evaluated, and results indicate that they fail to effectively suppress the leakage current. Third, a new carrier modulation and logic function is presented. It is able to maintain the constant common mode voltage, and consequently, the leakage current can be significantly reduced. Finally, the experimental tests are conducted on a transformerless three-phase flying capacitor PV inverter to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Egg distribution, bottom topography and small-scale cod population structure in a coastal marine system

Coastal marine species with pelagic egg and larval stages, such as the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, can be structured into genetically distinct local populations on a surprisingly small geographic scale considering their dispersal potential. Mechanisms responsible for such small-scale genetic structure may involve homing of adults to their natal spawning grounds, but also local reten- tion of pelagic eggs and larvae. For example, spawning within sheltered fjord habitats is expected to favour local retention of early life stages. Here, we studied the distribution of cod eggs along inshore- offshore transects in 20 Norwegian fjords. The general pattern exhibited across all fjords was a higher concentration of cod eggs inside the fjords than further offshore. In particular, fjords with shal- low sills (model threshold 37 m) show an abrupt reduction in egg density over the sill. This study pro- vides empirical support for an offspring retention hypothesis, which may help to explain the mainte- nance of local population structure in pelagic marine systems.
The Role of Salt in Hypertension : Its Effects are Far More than to Increase Arterial Pressure

The term “salt sensitivity” has been used for decades to suggest that increased ingestion of salt results in an elevated arterial pressure. This concept is supported by a tremendous body of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical literature demonstrating that increased arterial pressure is associated with dietary salt excess resulting in hypertensive disease. These data have also demonstrated that the diets of unacculturated populations are strikingly low in salt and, hence, the prevalence of hypertension (defined as elevated arterial pressure) is significantly low. In contrast, the diets of more acculturated populations have remarkably increased salt content and, consequently, there is a proportionately greater prevalence of hypertension. To understand the role of salt in elevating arterial pressure, most specifically in patients with hypertension, saltloading and deprivation studies have been widely reported. However, it has become clear that not all patients with essential hypertension are “salt-sensitive” and, conversely, those whose pressures do not increase are said to be “salt-resistant. ” This concept has been strengthened experimentally by the controlled studies of Dahl who carefully genetically bred rats with “sodium-sensitive” and “sodium-resistant” hypertension. Subsequently, his pioneering work was confirmed in compelling epidemiological, experimental, and clinical literature. This issue of Cardiology Rounds describes the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the relationship between salt-excess and hypertension, our experimental studies into the effects of chronic salt-loading on the heart, aorta, and kidney, and our postulated pathophysiological mechanisms for the observation that salt-loading apparently both depresses and stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Bioconversion efficiency of β-Carotene from mango fruit and carrots in vitamin A.

Problem statement: Bioconversion efficiency of I²-Carotene (BC) in vitamin A is strongly influenced by food matrix. This efficiency has been determined mainly in typical BC sources like carrots. BC content in mango fruit is considerably high however; the bioconversion efficiency of BC from fresh mango in vitamin A has not been determined nor compared with those of typical BC sources. Approach: Vitamin A depleted rats were daily fed with portions of Ataulfo mango (alone or with soybean oil), carrots and BC dissolved in soybean oil, during a two weeks repletion period. These food portions provided an identical daily dose of BC (122.1-132.1 I¼g), which was considered as low. After repletion, the retinol accumulation in rat livers was determined. Results: BC was the major carotenoid in tested carrots and mangoes. BC content in these foods varied from 87.8 to 164.4 and from 17.4 to 1.2 mg Kg-1, respectively. Mango portions size delivered to the rats were higher than those of carrots but both provided the same amount of BC. Test foods portions were completely consumed by rats. Total intake of BC during the repletion period was identical in all experimental groups (1.8 mg) however, the accumulation of retinol in rat livers varied among experimental groups. The highest retinol accumulation was found in rats feeding the oily solution of BC. Co-consumption of mango and oil increase slightly the accumulation of retinol in rat livers, but statistical differences were not found. Rats fed with carrots accumulated 37% less retinol than those feeding mango without oil. Conclusion/Recommendations: Ataulfo mango was more effective than carrots in improving vitamin A status in deficient rats. Delivered BC doses were efficiently absorbed, converted to vitamin A and stored as retinol. Further studies are needed to test the potential of mango in improving the vitamin A status in humans routinely ingesting the fruit.
Front-End linearity and filter requirements for interference robust UWB systems

This paper presents the requirements on the preselect-filter for UWB applications for different Front-End linearities and interference scenarios. A procedure to calculate the minimum out of band attenuation was developed in order to achieve a high system performance in presence of interferer. A filter diagram is proposed for a robust UWB communication. Results show which UWB-bands are affected by narrow-band systems and how the receiver linearity can be traded off against preselect-filter requirements. The frequency band between 7.7 and 8.2 GHz could be identified as less influenced by intermodulation products. Therefore this band is highly recommended for communication of sensitive data.
Nitric oxide acts through different signaling pathways in maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) have a dual action in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation which depends on its concentration, but the mechanisms by which it influences oocyte maturation has not been exactly clarified. In this study different signaling mechanisms which exist for in vitro maturation of meiosis was examined in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) after injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to immature female mice. Methods: The CEOs were cultured in spontaneous maturation and hypoxanthine (HX) arrested model. Results: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor, 10mM) delayed germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) significantly during the first 5 hrs of incubation and inhibited the formation of first polar body (PB1) at the end of 24 hrs of incubation. SNP (10 -5 M) stimulated the meiotic maturation of oocytes significantly by overcoming the inhibition of HX. Sildenafil (a cGMP stimulator, 100 nM), had a significant inhibitory effects on both spontaneous meiotic maturation and HX-arrested meiotic maturation. Forskolin (an adenylate cyclase stimulator, 6µM) and SNP (10mM) had the same effects on GVBD. Forskolin reversed the SNP (10 -5 M) stimulated meiotic maturation. Conclusion: These results suggest that differences in pathways are present between SNPinhibited spontaneous meiotic maturation and SNP-stimulated meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes
Annual Review of Cancer Biology Harnessing Protease Activity to Improve Cancer Care

Proteolysis plays critical roles in normal and pathologic physiology; these enzymes are intricately involved in cancer progression and spread. Our understanding of protease function has advanced from nonspecific degrading enzymes to a modern appreciation of their diverse roles in posttranslational modification and signaling in a complex microenvironment. This new understanding has led to next-generation diagnostics and therapeutics that exploit protease activity in cancer. For diagnostics, protease activity may be measured as a biomarker of cancer, with wide-ranging utility from early detection to monitoring therapeutic response. Therapeutically, while broad inhibition of protease activity proved disappointing, new approaches that more specifically modulate proteases in concert with secondary targets might enable
On the Function of the White Muscles in Teleosts at Intermediate Swimming Speeds

1. The swimming performance of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri , and the electrical activities, recorded extracellularly, of its red and mosaic muscles have been studied at different swimming speeds. 2. A linear relationship was found between the specific velocity (body lengths/sec) and the frequency of tail beating at frequencies up to 5/sec. 3. The red muscles are active at all swimming speeds at which the fish swim by tail oscillations. Discharges from this muscle decrease in duration with frequency up to 3.5-5.0 beats/sec and then increase while the interburst interval decreases linearly with tail-beat frequency. 4. Mosaic muscle becomes active at 3.05-3.60 tail beats/sec and increases slightly with increasing frequency of tail oscillations. Greatly increased activity was recorded in response to struggling and rapid accelerations. 5. The white (mosaic) muscle mass of teleosts is concluded to be involved at intermediate swimming speeds and to be active at the higher range of cruising speeds.
Stratigraphic significance of carbon isotope variations in the shallow-marine Seis/Siusi Permian–Triassic boundary section (Southern Alps, Italy)

Abstract. Carbonate carbon-isotope values from the Permian–Triassic (P–T) boundary section at Seis/Siusi (Southern Alps, Italy) show a trend similar to that in numerous other P–T boundary sections worldwide. Values decrease from 3.2‰ (V-PDB) in the upper Bellerophon Limestone Formation (Late Permian) to a minimum of –1.7‰ in the lower Mazzin Member. This minimum may represent the P–T boundary. The overall declining carbon-isotope trend is interrupted by a ca. 1‰ positive excursion in the higher Tesero Oolite Horizon. This positive peak is located at a higher lithostratigraphic level than a comparable peak in the adjacent Pufels section, which suggests that the Tesero Oolite Horizon in the Seis section is stratigraphically slightly older than in the Pufels section, and this is also suggested by palaeomagnetic correlation. It is therefore concluded that the base of the Tesero Oolite Horizon does not reflect a synchronous "current event" but is slightly diachronous, a result that was previously shown by biostratigraphic correlation. Nevertheless, this suggestion should be verified by further detailed litho-, magneto- and chemostratigraphic analysis of other P–T sections in the Southern Alps. doi: 10.1002/mmng.200900007
Effective Bandwidth Improvement Technique Based On Mismatch Analysis

The mismatch in cascaded two ports is a common cause of ripple increase and bandwidth reduction in broadband systems. A new mismatch factor, D, is defined to deal with the individual S21 and global S21 parameters in a cascaded network. The relationship between this D factor and the effective bandwidth is presented. This bandwidth can be improved inserting a matched attenuator. The method has been applied to a Q band broadband amplifier, based on two cascaded multistage MMIC amplifiers, used in a radiometer for a space application. Effective bandwidth has been improved inserting a series thin film resistor attenuator. The design expressions and criteria of such microstrip attenuators are described
Phase-change memory driven by poly-Si MOS transistor with low cost and high-programming gigabyte-per-second throughput

A phase-change memory (PCM) driven by poly-Si MOS transistors was fabricated. The thin phase-change-material layer deposited directly on the channel silicon layer in the PCM enables low-current reset operation (45 µA) compared to the conventional memory structure. This memory-cell configuration enables both a poly-Si MOS-driven stackable memory array and large degree programming parallelization. A contactless simple cell structure makes it possible to reduce the cell size to 4F2 and the number of process steps. Low cost and gigabyte-per-second programming throughput are thus made possible by this stackable phase-change memory.