Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uptake of Organic Substrates and Accumulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Linked with Glycolysis of Intracellular Carbohydrates under Anaerobic Conditions in the Biological Excess Phosphate Removal Processes

Anaerobic uptake mechanisms of acetate, propionate and lactate by the sludge developed in an anaerobic aerobic biological phosphate removal process was investigated. Anaerobic batch experiments were conducted with these substrates, and mass balances of materials involved in substrate uptake metabolism were calculated. These substrates were accumulated in the sludge as polyhydroxyalkanoates composed of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyrate and 3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate. The reducing power necessary for the formation of polyhydroxyalkanoates from acetate and/or propionate was shown to be supplied from glycolysis of intracellular carbohydrates. Lactate was converted to 3-hydroxyvalerate rich polyhydroxyalkanoate via acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA by using propionate fermentation pathway. Redox balance was found to be a factor regulating the anaerobic uptake of substrates and their further metabolism. Glycogen seemed to serve not only as a source of reducing power necessary for the redox balance regulation but also as an important energy source, because glycolysis can provide both reducing power and energy. It was indicated that some bacteria might be able to get energy necessary for substrate uptake under strict anaerobic conditions not by the polyphosphate hydrolysis but by the consumption of intracellular carbohydrates.
Instructional Needs Assessment of Physics Teachers in the Teaching of Physics and Physics Practical in Ogun State Secondary Schools, Nigeria

The study assessed the perceived instructional needs of physics teachers in the teaching of physics in secondary schools in Ogunstate, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey type of research. The sample was made up of eighty (80) physics teachers randomly drawn from forty-three (43) public Senior Secondary Schools in Abeokuta North, Abeokuta South and Ado Odo Ota Local Government areas of Ogun State. Data were collected by means of an Instructional Needs Inventory which consisted of 20 items on a 4–point Likert scale to which the teachers were required to indicate the extent of their instructional needs in Physics: “No help needed”, “Little Help Needed”, “Moderate Help needed” and “Much Help Needed”. The inventory was pretested on a pilot sample of 30 Physics teachers in Ijebu North and Ijebu-Ode Local Government areas of Ogun State. The Cronbach coefficient alpha value was found to be 0.88. One research question was posed and three hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that teachers need more help in developing questions that demand higher-order thinking skills; harnessing students’ existing ideas and conceptions; encouraging students participation in classroom lessons; connecting science concepts to real life examples; conceptual understanding of physics concepts; adapting teaching methods to meet individual students’ needs; linking students’ ideas, values and beliefs to their classroom experiences; engaging students in problem-solving activities; creating innovative ideas that can foster learning; improvising instructional materials; helping students to ask questions and discuss their learning experiences; presenting science experiences as enjoyable, interesting and relevant; helping students to plan and carry out investigation in the laboratory; helping students to learn by discovery and teaching science process skills. However, the research revealed that teachers need little help in measuring students’ conceptual understanding, helping students to interact actively with learning materials, using technology to enhance classroom experiences, assisting students to formulate their own questions, evaluating students’ learning and helping students to connect practical with underlying theoretical concepts. The results also revealed that the instructional needs of physics teachers were not significantly sensitive to gender differences, experiences and professionalism of teachers.
A CALIBRATION METHOD OF TWO MOBILE LASER SCANNING SYSTEM UNITS FOR RAILWAY MEASUREMENT

Abstract. This paper proposes a methodology to calibrate the laser scanner of a Mobile Laser Scanning System (MLS) with the trajectory of the other MLS, both of which are installed directly above the top of both rails. Railway vehicle laser scanners systems of MLS are able to obtain 3D scanning map of the rail environment. In order to adapt the actual site condition of the maintenance works, we propose a calibration method with non-linear Least Mean Square calculation which use point clouds around poles along rails and sleepers of rails as cylindrical and planner constraints. The accuracy of 0.006 m between two laser point clouds can be achieved with this method. With the common planar and cylinder condition Leven-Marquardt method has been applied for this method. This method can execute without a good initial value for the extrinsic parameter and can shorten the processing time compared with the linear type of Least Mean Square method.
Some clinical factors related to rate of resorption of residual ridges

Abstract Bone resorption of residual ridges is common. The rate of resorption varies among different individuals and within the same individual at different times. Factors related to the rate of resorption are divided into anatomic, metabolic, functional, and prosthetic factors. Anatomic factors include the size, shape, and density of ridges, the thickness and character of the mucosal covering, the ridge relationships, and the number and depth of sockets. Metabolic factors include all of the multiple nutritional, hormonal, and other metabolic factors which influence the relative cellular activity of the bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) and the bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts). Age, sex, and general health are inadequate to describe the bone factor but do give some clinical clues. Functional factors include the frequency, intensity, duration, and direction of forces applied to bone which are translated into cellular activity, resulting in either bone formation or bone resorption, depending on the patient's individual resistance to these forces. Prosthetic factors include the myriad of techniques, materials, concepts, principles, and practices which are incorporated into the prostheses. Although the various factors can be divided into these four groups for academic purposes, they are all interrelated, and any one factor may be evaluated only if we place it in its proper perspective to all factors. Since bone resorption depends on the response of living cells to force, the more basic sciences concerned with the physiology and pathology of cells are understood, the more educated will be our clinical judgment.
No Easy Way Out: The Effect of Military Coups on State Repression

Military coups are often advocated as solutions for ending state-sponsored atrocities. Yet, we know little about coups’ precise consequences. This article estimates the effect of coups on state repression by exploiting the element of chance in whether an attempted coup succeeds or fails. Contrary to popular views of coups as remedies against repressive autocrats, I find no evidence that coups have a pacifying effect on state repression. Rather, coups appear to make matters worse, even when targeting leaders who commit large-scale human rights violations. This article contributes to studies of political violence, authoritarianism, and civil-military relations by resolving a long-standing “good coup versus bad coup” debate. It also advances literature on coups and their consequences through an innovative empirical design that leverages exogenous variation in coup outcomes, combined with an extreme bounds analysis, overcoming conventional challenges of causal inference using observational data.
An Improved Model Predictive Control Method to Drive an Induction Motor Fed by Three-Level Diode-Clamped Indirect Matrix Converter

In this paper, an improved model predictive control method is proposed to drive an induction motor fed by a three-level matrix converter. The main objective of this paper is to present a novel method to increase the switching frequency at a constant sampling time. Also, it is analytically discussed that increasing the switching frequency not only can decrease the motor current ripples, but it can also significantly reduce its torque ripples. Finally, this study demonstrates that reducing the motor current ripple will improve the quality of the supply current. To be the accurate model and validate the motor drive system, a co-simulation method, which is a combination of FLUX and MATLAB software packages, is employed to find the simulation results. The findings indicate that the proposed method diminishes the THD of the supply current up to 26% approximately. Furthermore, increasing the switching frequency results in the torque ripple reduction by up to 10% almost.
An economic framework to evaluate alternative management strategies for beef enterprises in northern Australia

Context Beef producers in northern Australia are continually presented with new technologies and opportunities to enhance beef production. They need to be able to accurately and efficiently assess the potential impact of alternative strategies on profitability, risk and the period of time before benefits can be expected. Aims Our aim was to demonstrate the value of the farm-management economics framework for assessing alternative management strategies applicable to beef cattle enterprises in northern Australia. Methods Beef cattle herd models incorporated into a farm-level partial discounted cash-flow framework were used to evaluate the potential effects of alternative management strategies on the performance of enterprises. This was undertaken using constructed, representative beef enterprises developed for the following three regions in Queensland: Central, Northern Downs and Northern Gulf, and the Katherine region of the Northern Territory. The analysis considered the expected response to change in the management of the base herd. Strategies that targeted (1) overall herd or property performance, (2) breeder reproductive performance, (3) steer growth rates, (4) alternative beef cattle marketing options, or (5) enterprise expansion were assessed. All of the changes considered to the current management strategy of the base herd and property were put forward by industry participants as potentially positive. Key results The framework efficiently identified substantial differences in net benefits among strategies and allowed ranking of the alternatives at the property level. Strategies that improved profitability also generally increased management complexity and financial risk. While strategies that could substantially improve profitability were identified, many other strategies were likely to reduce profitability at the property level. Key insights were gained into the time taken to implement the strategies, the complexity of implementation, and the level of financial risk incurred. Conclusions This study (1) demonstrated the appropriate framework to compare management options and support decision making, (2) efficiently indicated the potential range of outcomes, and (3) provided insight into the risks associated with development processes and technology adoption. Implications This farm-management economics framework could be used to assess alternative strategies for individual beef enterprises and to guide appropriate adoption of technology.
Super hybrid rice in China and India: current status and future prospects.

Rice is a staple food for over half of the world's population and has the second largest cereal production after maize. Rice yield has experienced many fold jumps since the 1950s. This happened primarily as the result of genetic improvement and increasing harvest index by reducing plant height using the semi-dwarf genes and utilization of heterosis by producing hybrids. Hybrid rice technology is one of the strongest tools to break the yield barrier. To make hybrid rice technology practically feasible it needs strong system of hybrid seed production at commercial rate. Unlike maize, rice is a self-pollinated crop and needs special techniques, like utilization of male sterility system for hybrid seed production. The first hybrid rice variety for commercial cultivation was released by China in 1976. Seeing the China’s success many countries started the hybrid rice breeding programme. India also started this programme in 1989. In about two decades of efforts India released 65 hybrid rice varieties till 2013. Though, China is cultivating about 50% of its rice area under hybrid rice varieties, India is still struggling to enhance its acreage under hybrid rice from 4% to more. Because of complicated seed production system, higher seed cost and less preferred qualities of hybrid varieties it could not cover more area under cultivation in India. In 1998, China started work for developing super hybrid rice by combining an ideotype approach with the use of inter-sub specific heterosis. Till 2011, the Ministry of Agriculture, China approved 56 hybrid cultivars with great yield potential as super hybrid rice. Hence, India and China still have to work hard for developing high yielding super hybrids coupled with good cooking qualities and resistance/tolerance to major biotic and abiotic stresses. Suitable technology should also be developed to make hybrid seed production easier and cheaper. © 2015 Friends Science Publishers
Effects of Exercises on the Association Volume of the Nuclear HDAC5/PGC1 Associated with MEF2 in Skeletal Muscle of AMPKα2-WT/KO/OE Mice

Objective: The effects of exercise on the content of MEF2–bound HDAC5/PGC1 were investigated in skeletal muscle of AMPKα2-WT/KO/OE mice to explore the possible mechanism of improving the association activity of the MEF2-GLUT4 DNA of skeletal muscle.Methods: Wild-type(WT;n=20),AMPKα2 over-expression(OE;n=20) and knockout(KO;n=20) C57/BL mice were randomly subdivided into two groups: control group and exercise group.Mice were killed 3 h after treadmill running for 60 min at 20 m/min on the experimental day.Results: After one hour running exercise,MEF2–bound HDAC5 decreased,whereas MEF2–bound PGC1 increased in wild type mice.MEF2 bound HDAC5 was normal in α2-OE and α2-KO muscles after 1 hour exercise.MEF2-combined PGC1 in OE mice was higher than that in WT mice.Conclusion: Exercise increases binding of MEF2A binding by decreasing HDAC5-MEF2 complexes and increasing PGC1-MEF2 complexes;Exercise-induced AMPK activation increases the binding of MEF2A to the Glut4 promoter by a mechanism not involving the decreased nuclear HDAC5-MEF2 complexes,but involving the increased nuclear PGC-1 combined with MEF2.
The Correlation of the Nurses Caring Behavior with Parents Anxiety Level Related to Invasive Procedures to Pediactric Patients

Hospitalization causes pediatric patients to have received various treatments in the hospital such as invasive procedures. Hospitalization results in anxiety either to children or parents. Parental anxiety could be decreased by nurses' caring behavior. This research aimed to analyze the correlation between nurses' caring behavior with parents' anxiety levels related to an invasive procedure to pediatric patients in RSUD dr. Haryoto Lumajang. The research design was correlational descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was used with criteria of parents who have experienced accompanying invasive procedures in children with a minimum stay of a day. A total of 112 parents with a hospitalized child were included with purposive sampling technique. This study showed that participants had high perceptions of caring behaviors and 91% of parents had no anxiety. The result of Kendall tau b correlation test showed that p-value 0.036 (alfa = 0.05) and teta = -0.164. This study found that nurses' caring behavior correlated to parents' anxiety level related to an invasive procedure to pediatric patients in RSUD dr. Haryoto Lumajang. The correlation results showed a very weak relationship, however the higher nurses' caring during hospitalization may lower parents' anxiety because of an invasive treatment. This study indicated that nurses' caring behavior can reduce parents' anxiety. The application of caring behavior should be improved, particularly in pediatric nursing. As a result, caring as the essence of nursing can be achieved.
The Macroeconomic Effects of Housing Wealth, Housing Finance, and Limited Risk Sharing in General Equilibrium

This paper studies a quantitative general equilibrium model of housing. The model has two key elements not previously considered in existing quantitative macro studies of housing finance: aggregate business cycle risk and a realistic wealth distribution driven in the model by bequest heterogeneity in preferences. These features of the model play a crucial role in the following results. First, a relaxation of financing constraints leads to a large boom in house prices. Second, the boom in house prices is entirely the result of a decline in the housing risk premium. Third, low interest rates cannot explain high home values.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation System

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide were synthesized by pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) focused on the pure graphite target which was immersed in distilled water. Different pulse energies were applied in two cases; with and without magnetic field. The synthesized GO and rGO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with and without magnetic field. The data show the presence of a magnetic field which illustrated increasing oxygen functional groups of GO. This caused a change in the morphology of the surface of GO, increasing crystallite size from 12.19 nm to 71.2 nm. The interlayer distance (d-space) was reduced from 0.4 nm to 0.25 nm and the absorption peaks that appeared in the spectrum were reduced and shifted toward smallest wavelengths, while the stretching vibration of the O-H group peak was shifted toward largest wavelengths.
Wavelet transform based features of skin blood flow response signal for pressure ulcer evaluation

Pressure Ulcers (PUs) are localized tissue damage that usually occur over the soft tissue of body prominence when a subject is exposed to prolonged external mechanical loading. Several studies have proposed that skin blood flow response (SBFR) can be used in PU evaluation to determine tissue ischemic accumulation due to insufficient time of tissue recovery. In previous study, twenty one Sprague Dawley rats weigh 388-481g that were divided into three different group have been used to investigate the trends of SBFR signal using time domain features like peak reactive hyperaemia (RH), time to peak RH and area under the RH curve as well as frequency domain features like peak power spectral density (PSD) and total PSD. However, the results indicate that both frequency domain features are not effective at determining individual insufficient recovery time. In this study, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) based features such as average amplitude and relative amplitude based on Morlet wavelet function scale 200 are investigated. The results show that the samples representing inconsistent trend of average amplitude for metabolic frequency range are dominant in all short (3 samples) , moderate (4 samples) and prolonged groups (4 samples), while no clear pattern can be established for relative amplitude. Hence both features may not suitable at distinguishing between sufficient and insufficient recovery time due to the low percentage in number of samples.
The Relationship Between Production and Consumption of Alcohol and its Taxation in the EU Countries

The taxation of alcoholic beverages in the EU member states varies despite the harmonization efforts. This situation has been caused by the relatively liberal tendencies in tax policies concerning the determination of excise duties on alcohol and alcoholic products. The main goal of the present research is to identify the relationship between the taxation of spirits, beer and wine on the one hand, and the production and consumption on the other hand. This dependence is examined through the correlation analysis of the degree of taxation and production/consumption. The highest values of negative correlation have been identified between the taxation and consumption/production of wine. The correlation suggests that tax aspects influence both the production and the consumption of wine. Lower values of correlation coefficients between the production/consumption and taxation of beer and spirits show that these taxes represent stable and well predictable revenues of the EU member states' budgets. The obtained results support the significance of fiscal function of these taxes. Thus, there is a contradiction between the main function of excise duties and the real state of affairs in the area of taxes on the consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages. These are facts to be considered in the future efforts to harmonize excise duties.
A knowledge transfer model for COVID-19 predicting and non-pharmaceutical intervention simulation

Since December 2019, A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been breaking out in China, which can cause respiratory diseases and severe pneumonia. Mathematical and empirical models relying on the epidemic situation scale for forecasting disease outbreaks have received increasing attention. Given its successful application in the evaluation of infectious diseases scale, we propose a Susceptible-Undiagnosed-Infected-Removed (SUIR) model to offer the effective prediction, prevention, and control of infectious diseases. Our model is a modified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model that injects undiagnosed state and offers pre-training effective reproduction number. Our SUIR model is more precise than the traditional SIR model. Moreover, we combine domain knowledge of the epidemic to estimate effective reproduction number, which addresses the initial susceptible population of the infectious disease model approach to the ground truth. These findings have implications for the forecasting of epidemic trends in COVID-19 as these could help the growth of estimating epidemic situation.
Decomposition of ( 2 k + 1 ) -regular graphs containing special spanning 2 k -regular Cayley graphs into paths of length 2 k + 1

A P ℓ -decomposition of a graph G is a set of paths with ℓ edges in G that cover the edge set of G . Favaron, Genest, and Kouider (2010) conjectured that every ( 2 k + 1 ) -regular graph that contains a perfect matching admits a P 2 k + 1 decomposition. They also veriﬁed this conjecture for 5-regular graphs without cycles of length 4. In 2015, Botler, Mota, and Wakabayashi veriﬁed this conjecture for 5-regular graphs without triangles. In this paper, we verify it for ( 2 k + 1 ) regular graphs that contain the k th power of a spanning cycle; and for 5-regular graphs that contain special spanning 4-regular Cayley graphs.