Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of knowledge exchange between foreign and domestic enterprises in european post-transition economies

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on internationalised research and development by investigating determinants of knowledge and technology transfer between foreign subsidiaries and the local economy in European post-transition economies. This inquiry leads to a better understanding of determinants that influence this knowledge and technology exchange. Applying a logit model, we find that, in particular, the foreign subsidiary’s corporate governance structure, its embeddedness in the multinational enterprise’s internal knowledge base, its own technological capacity, the growth of the regional knowledge stock and the regional sectoral diversification are all positively associated with the transfer of knowledge. Subsidiaries’ investment motives and the relative weight of the sector of investment in the region’s economy appear to be of less importance. The analysis focuses on European post-transition economies, using the example of five selected Central Eastern European countries and East Germany. We exploit a unique dataset, the IWH FDI Micro database, which contains information on one thousand two hundred forty-five foreign subsidiaries in this region. Keywords: foreign direct investment, multinational enterprises, research and development, co-operation, East Germany, Central Eastern Europe
Financial Factors in Economic Fluctuations

We augment a standard monetary DSGE model to include a banking sector and financial markets. We fit the model to Euro Area and US data. We find that agency problems in financial contracts, liquidity constraints facing banks and shocks that alter the perception of market risk and hit financial intermediation — ‘financial factors’ in short — are prime determinants of economic fluctuations. They have been critical triggers and propagators in the recent financial crisis. Financial intermediation turns an otherwise diversifiable source of idiosyncratic economic uncertainty, the ‘risk shock’, into a systemic force. JEL Classification: E3, E22, E44, E51, E52, E58, C11, G1, G21, G3
The Hierarchical Weighted Multi-State  $k$-out-of- $n$ System Model and Its Application for Infrastructure Management

A multi-state system (MSS) model is a more flexible tool for representing engineering systems than the conventional binary system model, which has been widely studied in recent research. The multi-state weighted k-out-of-n system model is the generalization of the multi-state k-out-of-n system model, where the component i in state j carries a certain utility. In this paper, we propose a multi-state system structure called hierarchical weighted multi-state k-out-of-n systems. In such a system, the structure of the system can be decomposed into different hierarchical levels, and a subsystem at each level can be represented using a multi-state weighted k-out-of-n structure. The proposed system structure can find applications in many real life systems, and a municipal infrastructure is a typical example of such a structure. The definition of the hierarchical multi-state weighted k-out-of-n system model is proposed in this paper. Universal generating functions (UGF) are used to evaluate reliabilities of the defined systems. Moreover, to reduce computational complexity, recursive algorithms are developed to obtain lower, and upper bounds of the defined system reliabilities.
Cross-Border Lobbying in Preferential Trading Agreements: Implications for External Tariffs

This paper examines the effect of cross-border lobbying on domestic lobbying and on external tariffs in both Customs Union (CU) and Free Trade Area (FTA). We do so by developing a two-stage game which endogenizes the tariff formation function in a political economic model of the directly unproductive rent-seeking activities type. We find that cross-border lobbying unambiguously increases both domestic lobbying and the equilibrium common external tariffs in a CU. The same result also holds for FTA provided tariffs for the member governments are strategic complements. We also develop a specific oligopolistic model of FTA and show that tariffs are indeed strategic complements in such a model.
Single-particle EM reveals plasticity of interactions between the adenovirus penton base and integrin αVβ3

Significance Human adenoviruses are responsible for numerous infections and are used in clinical trials for gene therapy applications. We characterized the interactions between the adenovirus 9 penton base subunit and the entry receptor αVβ3 integrin using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single-particle electron microscopy to decipher the mechanisms underlying virus internalization and infection. Our results indicate that the penton base subunit can bind integrins with high affinity and, in several different orientations, in agreement with the requirement of the pentameric penton base to promote integrin clustering and virus entry into the host cell. Human adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses responsible for numerous infections, some of which can be fatal. Furthermore, adenoviruses are currently used in clinical trials as vectors for gene therapy applications. Although initial binding of adenoviruses to host attachment receptors has been extensively characterized, the interactions with the entry receptor (integrins) remain poorly understood at the structural level. We characterized the interactions between the adenovirus 9 penton base subunit and αVβ3 integrin using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single-particle electron microscopy to understand the mechanisms underlying virus internalization and infection. Our results indicate that the penton base subunit can bind integrins with high affinity and in several different orientations. These outcomes correlate with the requirement of the pentameric penton base to simultaneously bind several integrins to enable their clustering and promote virus entry into the host cell.
Transfer Learning in Astronomy: A New Machine-Learning Paradigm

The widespread dissemination of machine learning tools in science, particularly in astronomy, has revealed the limitation of working with simple single-task scenarios in which any task in need of a predictive model is looked in isolation, and ignores the existence of other similar tasks. In contrast, a new generation of techniques is emerging where predictive models can take advantage of previous experience to leverage information from similar tasks. The new emerging area is referred to as transfer learning. In this paper, I briefly describe the motivation behind the use of transfer learning techniques, and explain how such techniques can be used to solve popular problems in astronomy. As an example, a prevalent problem in astronomy is to estimate the class of an object (e.g., Supernova Ia) using a generation of photometric light-curve datasets where data abounds, but class labels are scarce; such analysis can benefit from spectroscopic data where class labels are known with high confidence, but the data sample is small. Transfer learning provides a robust and practical solution to leverage information from one domain to improve the accuracy of a model built on a different domain. In the example above, transfer learning would look to overcome the difficulty in the compatibility of models between spectroscopic data and photometric data, since data properties such as size, class priors, and underlying distributions, are all expected to be significantly different.
An Analysis Of Market Reaction To CEO Turnover Announcement: The Case In Indonesia

This paper investigates market reaction analysis to CEO turnover announcement in Indonesia. We are considering the succession factors: (1) the origin of successor (inside/outside firm) and (2) the process of succession (routine/non-routine). This paper aims to examine the market reaction of CEO turnover announcements. The samples consist of 59 firms from 1992 to 2003 and there was a t-test use to examining information content of CEO turnover announcements. The results show that market reacts positively to all CEO turnover announcements. The examination of the effects of succession process shows that market react positively to routine change, but do not react to non-routine change. Market also reacts positively to succession that leads inside candidate become a CEO, but the market give a mixed reaction when the successor come from outside firm. When the author combines the succession factors, we find the interesting result that market reacts favorably (positive) to routine change that leads the candidate from inside firm become a CEO. But market reacts unfavorably (negative) to routine change that leads candidate from outside become CEO. That’s mean the Indonesian investor prefer the smooth process in the succession, and they can reduce the uncertainty. Therefore we conclude that CEO turnover announcements have information content.
The Role of Social Connectors in Seeking Computer-mediated Information in Rural Societies

This article discusses what we see as the critical role of individuals and their information seeking behaviour when using information and communication technology (ICT). In our fieldwork in northern Peru, we found that the role of particular individuals was critical in the sharing of computer-mediated information in six rural communities. These individuals tended to be people who enjoyed passing on information and people who had larger networks than their peers did. We develop a theoretical framework that combines theories of information seeking and social capital to explain the process of computer-mediated information sharing in a rural setting. We discuss this framework with some illustrations from our study. We conclude by calling for more research into the role of the individual in seeking and disseminating computer-mediated information, especially within the context of ICT for development projects.
Tüketicilerin İnternet Bankaciliğini Kullanmama Nedenleri Üzerine Bir Araştirma

Although the majority of the banks in Turkey offers their products completely or almost free via Internet to consumers, it is a fact that the use of IB is still very low. The data shows that only 20-30 % of the adults using the Internet benefit from IB. This paper aims to explore the reasons why Internet using consumers do not use Internet banking (IB). According to the results obtained from our questionnaire study the most important reason for not using IB is the consumers' "security concerns" about conducting their banking transactions in cyberspace. Chi-square and correlation tests show that the degree of impotance given by the consumers' to the security concerns has nothing to do with demographic variables (except for gender) and Internet using habits (except for the place where the users enter Internet). Banks aiming at having an advantage over their rivals in competition by decreasing the transaction costs, need to take the security, the use , the benefits and the transaction costs of the IB into account when formulating their marketing programs to increase the awareness of consumers.
Multiple opioid peptides and the modulation of pain: Immunohistochemical analysis of dynorphin and enkephalin in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and spinal cord of the cat

Using immunocytochemistry we have identified important differences in the distribution of immunoreactive dynorphin and enkephalin cells and terminals in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and in the spinal dorsal horn of the cat. Dynorphin immunoreactive processes are more closely associated with those regions of cord that process nociceptive information, specifically laminae I and V. Enkephalin neurons and terminals are more widespread. Based on the staining pattern with an antiserum to the octapeptide‐met‐enkephalin‐arg‐gly‐leu, we suggest that the dense enkephalin terminal immunoreactivity in the inner part of the substantia gelatinosa derives from cells in lamina III. There are also significant differences in the anatomical relationship of the two opioid peptides with the organization of parasympatheic autonomic preganglionic neurons. The functional significance of these observations must await physiological analysis; nevertheless, it is almost certain that differences will be found and that these will be important in understanding the mechanisms through which exogenous opiates and a variety of descending control systems exert their effects on spinal cord neurons.
Gender Differences in Trust Formation in Virtual Communities

Building trust with consumers leads to higher sales, profits, and loyalty, and gender is an important marketing variable. Yet it remains unknown whether gender differences exist in the trust formation process online. Noting the importance of social media in marketing strategy, this study explores how gender affects the process of trust formation online with a survey of 232 virtual community members. By integrating social role theory with the uses and gratifications approach, this study reveals that gender moderates the effect of managerially controlled trust influencers. Managers can use these guidelines to build trust online, considering the role of gender.
Performance Measurement in a South African Government Social Services Department: A Balanced Scorecard Approach

We developed a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) questionnaire and used it to measure the performance of a South African government social services department. The quantitative survey approach was adopted in which a questionnaire was administered to a purposively recruited sample of 272 managers and employees of a South African government social services department. We used the four performance measures of the BSC, namely customer satisfaction, innovation and learning, internal processes and financial performance to develop the questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). We employed simple descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages to determine performance in various strategic and operational areas within the department. We also used the mean score ranking technique to compare overall departmental performance based on the BSC indicators. Using the four performance indicators of the BSC, we were then able to establish performance levels in various areas of the department. Results of the study reveal that performance of the department was highest in five areas, namely promotion of good corporate ethics, service quality, ability to meet client demands, promotion of good corporate values and the fostering of good relations with other organisations. Performance was lowest in five areas, namely attrition of staff, divisional workload, corruption, work to employee ratio and the speed at which departmental programs are implemented. Among the four BSC performance indicators used in the study, performance was highest in two aspects, namely innovation and learning and customer satisfaction, with performance being lowest in internal processes. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n14p23
Relationship between vascular function indexes, renal arteriolosclerosis, and renal clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease

Hypertension contributes critically to the development of renal arteriolosclerosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the impact of vascular function indexes including central blood pressure on renal arteriolosclerosis has not been investigated. We determined whether vascular function indexes were related to renal arteriolosclerosis and renal clinical outcomes in CKD.
Information Technology and the Organization of Securities Markets

remarkably broad subject. In an effort to maintain focus, I pose two questions related to the issue of technology and its implications for the future of securities markets. First, will technology tend to increase or decrease the importance of securities as a financing vehicle in comparison to alternative vehicles such as bank loans, capital leases, and franchising relationships? Second, what changes will technology produce in the structure of primary and secondary securities markets? I take up these questions in order.
Sell in good company : social capital as a strategic tool in the fine art auction business

Hjorth-Röntynen, Anna Sell in good company: Social capital as a strategic tool in the fine art auction business Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä 2013, 150 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities ISSN 1459-4323 (nid.), 1459-4331 (PDF); 202) ISBN 978-951-39-5170-2 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5171-9 (PDF) Finnish Summary Diss. This research focuses on intangible capital in the tertiary art market. The main argument discussed in this study arose early in the history of social sciences and has been further elaborated in economics: In what ways does intangible capital make players’ actions more productive and efficient? As stakeholder management and obtaining consignments are fundamental in fine art auction business, it offers an illuminating experimental field for this argument. Focusing on social capital theory and applying aspects of strategic management, this research study assesses how fine art experts benefit from social capital by increasing the probability of obtaining consignment agreements, concentrating on the concepts of competence, networks, social skills, trust, and reputation. The analysis in this mainly qualitative study is based on previous research and literature combined with participant observation and data obtained from interviews. In addition, material from eclectic sources such as articles and auction catalogues are utilized. The managerial implications of the results of this study suggest that social capital assists the auction houses and their experts in securing consignments when used as a strategic tool to develop expertise, customer relations, and value assessment. The results point to the strategic value of social capital in the fine art auction business and yield new micro-level potential to use social capital to acquire competitive advantage in knowledgebased expert organizations. The processes are illustrated in a study of the consignment service of Russian oil paintings in Finnish fine art auctions from 2000 to 2008.
Linearity enhancement for GaN HEMT amplifier using parallel transistors with independent gate bias control

GaN HEMTs have high output power density and high efficiency over wide bandwidth. But the linearity of GaN HEMT is typically worse than that of a GaAs device. This paper presents a simple methodology to improve the linearity of GaN HEMT. The proposed method is to split the device into multiple sub-cells in parallel with independently controlled gate bias voltages and then power combine the sub-cell outputs. A prototype amplifier using two 1.25 mm devices in parallel is fabricated. The experimental results shows 4 dBc improvement in IMD3 at design frequency of 900 MHz with similar PAE at moderate power levels and 2 dBc improvement at higher power levels with a 5 % increase in PAE. More importantly, this proposed method improves linearity without substantial penalty in output power or efficiency. Further improvement is possible with additional parallel devices. To the authors' knowledge, this paper represents the first demonstration of this technique for linearization of GaN HEMT devices.
Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia) in Cancer.

What Causes Hyperbilirubinemia? When red blood cells break down, bilirubin is formed. Bilirubin is part of the bile fluid produced by the liver. A normal liver metabolizes bilirubin to keep blood levels low. When liver cells are damaged or when cancer has spread to the liver or bile ducts, the function of the liver is reduced. The bilirubin level in the blood then increases, which causes jaundice. Three broad types of liver damage can lead to jaundice: • Prehepatic causes occur from massive breakdown of red blood cells, producing bilirubin in such large quantities that the liver is unable to keep up with its processing. Consequently, large amounts of unprocessed bilirubin pass through the liver and into the blood. • Hepatic causes refer to direct damage to the liver cells themselves from such causes as hepatitis virus infection, toxins like alcohol, some chemotherapy drugs, and cancer of the liver. • Posthepatic causes occur after bilirubin has been processed in the liver but is unable to pass out of it. This occurs in patients with gallstones or cancers blocking bile ducts, leading to a backlog of bile, which then spills into the bloodstream.
Endotoxic properties of gramnegative bacteria and their susceptibility to the lethal effect of normal serum.

effect of normal serum (Rowley, 1956), (b) an array of normal serum components including specific antibody, complement and lysozyme are required for conversion of Gram-negative bacteria to spheroplasts (Michael and Braun, 1959; Carey et al, 1960), and (c) in the course of the bactericidal action of serum there occurs a striking reduction in the endotoxic and antigenic properties of the bacteria (Landy et al, 1960). In the light of these developments implicating the somatic complexes as at least the primary target for the bactericidal effects of serum, an attempt was made to determine whether marked differences in the bactericidal effectiveness of serum on members of antigenically related bacterial strains are related to the content of endotoxin in these bacteria.
Impacts of small tourism events on rural places

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that an event such as the Cherry Festival, organized by the municipality of Fundao (Portugal), can have in a rural area.Design/methodology/approach – To obtain a complete picture of the impact of the Cherry Festival on Fundao, the perspectives of the organizers, suppliers, and the local residents are combined. The impact is evaluated through qualitative economic and social impacts and quantitative economic impact. The information is obtained through primary and secondary data with personal interviews and questionnaires.Findings – The results suggest that for these kind of small events, there are economic and social impacts, but the social impacts extend beyond the economic benefits.Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this paper is the impossibility of using input‐output tables and multipliers of expenditures in a small area such as the one studied.Practical implications – The paper shows that even in small events important.
GATA‐1: Friends, Brothers, and Coworkers

Abstract: GATA‐1 is the founding member of the GATA family of transcription factors. GATA‐1 and GATA family member GATA‐2 are expressed in erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages, in which they play a crucial role in cell maturation and differentiation. GATA‐1 regulates the transcription of many specific and nonspecific erythroid genes by binding to DNA at the consensus sequence WGATAR, which is recognized by all of the GATA family of transcription factors. However, it was identified in eosinophilic cells and also in Sertoli cells in testis. Its activity depends on close cooperation with a functional network of cofactors, among them Friend of GATA, PU.1, and CBP/p300. The GATA‐1 protein structure has been well described and includes two zinc fingers that are directly involved in the interaction with DNA and other proteins in vivo. GATA‐1 mutations in the zinc fingers can cause deregulation of required interactions and lead to severe dysfunction in the hematopoietic system.