Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of mass education on chemistry higher education

The following paper discusses the implications of government policy for widening access and participation in third level institutes. The increase in ‘non-traditional’ students has been widely recognised on an international scale; however, some issues of inequality still exist. The ‘struggles’ associated with widening participation and the creation of a ‘new’ student type are discussed, with particular reference to chemistry education. A change is needed with regard to the pedagogical approach taken by staff in order to cater for a diverse student body comprising a broad range of learner types, and this must be supported both at departmental and institutional levels. Also included is a review of the literature as to what best practice is in supporting the ‘new’ third level student. To conclude I look at what the future may hold for third level institutes catering for this ‘new’ student type.
Spatial processes of mass housing estates. Six case studies in Madrid

One of the main goals in our cities is to enhance social cohesion, reduce social inequality and promote sustainable communities. Some authors have recognized urban regeneration as one of the most important tools to carry out this purpose (Couch et al., 2011). At this respect, some international institutions have recently shown greater interest in urban regeneration processes. In the last decade, they have produced some key documents as the International Urban Guidelines (UN-Habitat, 2015), the Leipzig Charter on sustainable cities and the Toledo Declaration (EU Ministers for Urban Development, 2007, 2010). All these documents highlight the importance to focus on deprived urban areas. The typical Modernist urban form, called mass housing estates -henceforth just housing estates-, have been detected by several studies as one of the most vulnerable morphologies (Hernández Aja et al., 2015; Wassenberg et al., 2004). This vulnerability, discussed by several authors from different perspectives -from cultural to technical approaches-, is usually generic for all housing estates (Monclús and
Self-similar relativistic blast waves with energy injection

A sufficiently powerful astrophysical source with power-law luminosity in time will give rise to a self-similar relativistic blast wave with a reverse shock travelling into the ejecta and a forward shock moving into the surrounding medium. Once energy injection ceases and the last energy is delivered to the shock front, the blast wave will transit into another self-similar stage depending only on the total amount of energy injected. I describe the effect of limited duration energy injection into environments with density depending on radius as a power law, emphasizing optical/X-ray Gamma-ray Burst afterglows as applications. The blast wave during injection is treated analytically, the transition following last energy injection with one-dimensional simulations. Flux equations for synchrotron emission from the forward and reverse shock regions are provided. The reverse shock emission can easily dominate, especially with different magnetizations for both regions. Reverse shock emission is shown to support both the reported X-ray and optical correlations between afterglow plateau duration and end time flux, independently of the luminosity power-law slope. The model is demonstrated by application to bursts 120521A and 090515, and can accommodate their steep post-plateau light-curve slopes.
Retention-favorable timing of propagule release in barnacles and periwinkles

Recent studies on the ecology of marine larvae suggest that retention near coastal areas and self-recruitment are probably much more common than previously thought. In light of this, the advective potential of pelagic stages can be partially determined by the timing of propagule release. We sampled the upper-shore levels of a subtropical coastline in southeastern Brazil to examine the temporal patterns of propagule release for the common barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus and the peri- winkle Nodilittorina lineolata. The release timing in both species was very consistent between sites a few kilometers apart. Barnacles released nauplii in a rhythmic pattern, mostly coinciding with neap tides, when the speed of tidal currents was lowest. There was no variation in propagule release in relation to diel or flood-ebb tidal cycles. Periwinkles released propagules in a very irregular pattern, which remarkably matched a time series of wave heights. Egg capsules were released during periods of rough seas, when onshore surface currents were expected to prevail. Eggs were released mostly during ebb tides, and there was no diel variation. Propagule release rhythms are usually viewed as a means to ensure fast offshore advection, thus avoiding presumed hazardous conditions for larvae. However, propagule release strategies in these upper-shore species would more likely contribute to the retention of offspring close to parental stocks.
Systematic Literature Search: Functional Neuroimaging of Geriatric Schizophrenia

Background: Previous investigators have used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to study the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To date, no one has exclusively focused on fMRI with geriatric schizophrenia. Method: We described three systematic PubMed search strategies on the following topics: (1) geriatric schizophrenia, cognition and dementia; (2) an imaging paradigm designed to elicit an orienting response (i.e., the “oddball” paradigm), schizophrenia, dementia, and (3) fMRI studies using independent components analysis. Results (Critical Appraisal): The first search strategy resulted in a large number of sources. We described the rationale for further reduction of this list to find the most relevant 106 sources. The second and third search strategies resulted in 149 and 15 sources, respectively. Conclusion: We developed systematic and reusable PubMed search strategies to yield articles relevant to the imaging literature in geriatric schizophrenia.
Scholarly chronographics: can a timeline be useful in historiography?

Our paper is concerned with the visualisation of historical events and artefacts in the context of time. It arises from a project bringing together expertise in visualisation, historiography and software engineering. The work is the result of an extended enquiry over several years which has included investigation of the prior history of such chronographics and their grounding in the temporal ontology of the Enlightenment. Timelines - visual, spatial presentations of chronology - are generally regarded as being too simple, perhaps too childish, to be worthy of academic attention, yet such chronographics should be capable of supporting sophisticated thinking about history and historiography, especially if they take full advantage of the capabilities of digital technologies. They should enable even professional academic historians to 'make sense' of history in new ways, allowing them insights they would not otherwise have achieved. In our paper we highlight key findings from the history of such representations, principally from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and show how, in a project to develop new digital chronographics for collections of cultural objects and events, we have explored new implementations of the important ideas we have extracted about timewise presentation and interaction. This includes the representation of uncertainty, of relations between events, and the epistemology of time as a 'space' for history. We present developed examples, in particular a chronographic presentation of a large database of works by a single author, a composer, and discuss the extent to which our ambitions for chronographics have been realised in practice. Keywords: timeline, chronographics
To Fast or Not to Fast ? Choosing the Best for Serum Lipid Profile

Serum lipid profile is a common investigation. Numerous guidelines recommend sampling in the fasting state for cardiovascular risk assessment [1, 2] as the levels of triglycerides vary greatly in the non-fasting state. Furthermore, the LDL levels, calculated by the Friedewald equation (LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol − HDL cholesterol − [triglycerides/5]) may be underestimated if fasting triglyceride levels are not used. Fasting for 12-14 hours (and definitely more than 8 hours) is not only cumbersome and unpleasant for patients, but may result in limited compliance to disease monitoring and treatment. This may expose at-risk patients to increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes [3].
Talon Cusp: A Clinically Significant Anomaly in a Primary Incisor from Pre-Columbian America

Shafer, Hine, and Levy1 describe the talon cusp, a structure resembling an eagle's talon, as a cusp projecting lingually from the cingulum area of a maxillary or mandibular permanent incisor. This cusp blends smoothly with the tooth except that there is a deep developmental groove where the cusp blends with the sloping lingual tooth surface. The cusp is composed of normal enamel· and dentin and contains a horn of pulp tissue. As reported by Mellor and Ripa2 in 1970, W.H. Mitchell3 presented a case history of a patient with a " . process of hornlike shape . " protruding from the lingual surface. This 1892 report was one of the earliest references to the dental anomaly known as talon cusp . Mellor and Ripa emphasized that this anomaly usually requires definitive treatment as it often poses
MANEJO DE LAS HERIDAS QUIRÚRGICAS, DESDE EL TIPO, TÉCNICA E INSUMOS UTILIZADOS EN UNA IPS”. ARMENIA, QUINDÍO, 2014

Adiela Henao Buriticá*1, Carmen Aydé Fernández Rincón1, Nancy García García1 y Paola Orozco Gómez2 1. Facultad de Ciencias de la salud, Programas de Enfermería, Grupo de Investigación GRIEQ. 2. Hospital Universitario San Juan De Dios Armenia-Quindío Recibido: 10 de Septiembre de 2014 Aceptado: 30 de Noviembre de 2014 *Correspondencia del autor. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Enfermería. E-mail: aheanob@uniquindio.edu. co MANAGEMENT OF SURGICAL WOUNDS CONSIDERING THE TYPE, TECHNIQUE AND SUPPLIES USED IN AN A HEALTH PROVIDING INSTITUTION. " ARMENIA, QUINDÍO, 2014
A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND BANK EFFICIENCY

Emerging corporate governance issues in the Asian countries due to the 1997-1998 economic crises makes it much more important to discuss those issues within the context of this region. In developing countries such as Malaysia, a good governance of the banks is crucial for the survival of its economy. Many studies have tried to link the effect of corporate governance on banks’ efficiency (Jain and Thomson, 2008; Chunxia, Shujie and Zongyi, 2009; Lensink, Meesters and Naaborg, 2008). This study investigates the impact of corporate governance on efficiency of Malaysian listed banks by using a panel data analysis. Corporate governance variables are represented by board leadership structure, board composition, board size, director ownership, institutional ownership and block ownership. Bank efficiency is used to measure the performance since traditional accounting and market performance measures are doubtful in suitability of capturing the actual performance of the banking industry and efficiency seems to be given more attention recently (e.g. Ihsan and Kabir, 2002) The findings show that smaller board size and higher percentage of block ownership lead to better efficiency of Malaysian banks. The current prevailing situations in Malaysia are discussed to highlight the reasons behind these research findings.
A further new species in the lichen genus Arctomia: A. borbonica from Reunion (Mascarene archipelago)

Arctomia borbonica sp. nov. is described as new for science from montane natural and secondary habitats in Reunion in the Mascarene archipelago (Indian Ocean). It has a sterile, foliose, usually wrinkled, thallus whose margins produce goniocysts that disintegrate into a soredioid margin; it looks like a Leptogium species. Its phylogenetic position in the Arctomiaceae (Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota) has been determined with 3 genes (nuLSU, mtSSU, RPB1) inferences.
Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extract of Aegle marmelos Correa ex Roxb.

Introduction: Leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos are reported to have hypoglycemic and anticancer effects. While a lot of information is available about the antioxidant activity of fruit of A. marmelos not much information is available about the antioxidant activity of the leaf of A. marmelos. Objective: The primary objective if this study was to ascertain the antioxidant activity of leaf extract of A. marmelos (AME). Methods: AME was evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent method and by aluminium chloride method, respectively. Antioxidant activity of AME was assessed by FRAP assay, DPPH assay, ABTS cation scavenging activity and by reducing power determination. Results: High levels of TPC and TFC were found in AME which showed antioxidant activity comparable to vitamin C. Significant correlation between TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity of AME was found when Pearson’s correlation is applied. Conclusion: This study proved that the leaves of A. marmelos have high antioxidant component.
CÁLCULO DE LA DISTRIBUCI ÓN DEL TIEMPO DE VIDA DE COMPONENTES MEDIANTE

Se presentan los resultados de Meilijson (1981) y Nowik (1990) qu e proponen un sistema de ecuaciones impl ı́cito para obtener estas distribuciones. Sin embargo, se observa que este sistema es de muy dif ı́cil resolucíon práctica, por lo que nosotros consideramos un m étodo cuya utilizací on es más restringida pero ḿas sencilla, y estudiamos su aplicaci ón a sistemas binarios aditivos, serie-paralelo y paralelo-serie.
METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION IN FRESH WATER CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS ON EXPOSURE TO CADMIUM

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous trace metal, biochemically classified as a nonessential element. It occurs naturally in the aquatic environment and is released as a result of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Metallothionein (MT) has been proposed as a specific biochemical probe for heavy metals exposure in aquatic organisms. The objectives of this study were to determine the Cd levels and MT induction in liver, kidney, brain and gill of Clarias gariepinus during acute Cd exposure, to study of the relationship between tissue-specific Cd accumulation and MT induction. Methods: Cd accumulation and MT induction levels was determined according to the methods of Ma et al., 2007. Cd concentration was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Optima-5300 DV). ). Cd concentration was expressed as µg g-1 wet weight tissue Cd levels were measured in the tissues of liver, kidney, gill and brain in C. gariepinus. Results: The Cd levels increased significantly in all tissues in the following order: Liver > Kidney > Gill > Brain. The accumulation of Cd levels in all tissues is distinct by time-dependent and dose-dependent. In gills, Cd accumulation levels gradually increased rapidly to reach a peak during a period of 48 hrs and then declined gradually. The MT induction levels were found in the following order in the tissues: liver > kidney >gill> brain. A positive correlation was shown between MT induction and Cd accumulation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results indicated that Cd exposure clearly resulted in MT induction and hence MT levels can be considered as a biomarker for acute waterborne Cd pollution. The liver and kidney Cd accumulation and MT induction levels was found to be higher than gill and brain. These results suggest that MT played an important role in liver to deal with high quantities of Cd. Cd accumulation in the tissues showed a positive correlation with MT induction in all the tissues studied.
What is a Bayesian Model Selection Procedure

The debate about the role of Bayesianism in model selection, and about dierences to frequentist methods, usually relies on a tacit identication of Bayesianism with orthodox, properly subjective Bayesian inference. We argue that such an assumption is neither descriptively appropriate nor normatively helpful if Bayesianism is supposed to be a model of scientic reasoning. First, instead of the orthodox Bayesian approach, instrumental Bayesianism prevails in practice: the Bayesian framework is understood as a convenient mathematical machinery and conceptual toolbox, not as a philosophy of inductive inference opposed to frequentist reasoning. Second, Bayesian inferences need (and should) not always be based on high posterior probabilities, as demonstrated by embedding Bayesian belief revision into a decision-oriented framework. These ndings do not only clarify the various functions of Bayesian reasoning in model selection, but also explain the conceptual eclecticism in the current statistical literature, and open novel prospects for a Bayesian philosophy of science. We defend our claims by examining three prominent Bayesian model selection criteria: BIC, DIC and BRC.
The effect of gender, age and nationality diversity on company performance – Evidence from the Netherlands

This study examines the relationship between board diversity and company performance in the Netherlands. There are three dimensions of diversity investigated; gender diversity, age diversity and nationality diversity. Gender diversity is measured as the percentage of women. Nationality diversity is measured as the percentage of non-Dutch directors on the board. Age diversity is measured by the percentage of directors in a specific age group. Company performance is measured with return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), Tobin’s Q and total shareholder return (TSR). The results show a negative, non-linear relationship between nationality diversity and company performance. Also a negative, non-linear relationship between directors from 41 till 50 years old and company performance is found. There are no relationships found between the percentage of women and directors of other age groups.
METHODOLOGY OF SITE-SPECIFIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR IMPORTANT CIVIL STRUCTURE

Note from the Editor The Indonesian archipelago is one of the most active tectonic zones in the world. Therefore to design an important (and dangerous) structure such as a nuclear power plan knowledge of the seismicity of the site is very important. This could be achieved by doing a site-specific seismic hazard analysis. A site-specific seismic hazard analysis is required in the design state in order to determine the recommended seismic design criteria of the structure. A complete and thorough explanation of the methodology to do a site-specific seismic hazard analysis is presented in this Technical Note Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :
01 Clancy article_ESRI Vol 43-4

The concepts of potential growth and the output gap are important components in assessing the business cycle and productive capacity of an economy. However, being unobservable, these measures must be estimated. The Fiscal Compact will result in these concepts being used to judge EU Member States adherence to budgetary rules. Therefore, it is vital that the methods applied for their estimation are as accurate as possible. A bivariate Kalman Filter (KF) model using capacity utilisation (CU) as the second series has been proven to produce more reliable estimates of the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) cycle than the Hodrick Prescott (HP) filter methodology formerly used for this task. However, CU data is no longer collected in Ireland. Given the large turning point in the TFP series as a result of the financial crisis, this may no longer be the first-best approach for future TFP cycle estimation. This paper compares the existing method to an approach which uses an aggregated Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) series as the second series in the bivariate KF model. This approach has the advantage that PMI data is collected on an on-going basis. The results show that PMI shares a common cycle with TFP, and that this new approach leads to a reduction in the total estimation error variance and revisions required to TFP cycle estimates.
Optimizing individual identification and survey effort for photographic capture–recapture sampling of species with temporally variable morphological traits

Endangered, wide‐ranging megafauna have many threats to contend with during their struggle for survival in an ever‐increasing human dominance of the environment. Reliable monitoring of endangered large mammal populations is therefore a critical conservation requirement. Photographic capture–recapture (CR) techniques have opened up avenues for population monitoring of individually recognizable large mammal species. The efficient application of these techniques, however, can be constrained by challenges in reliably identifying individuals arising from the use of multiple, and potentially variable traits, as well as issues of temporal sampling of populations in the field. We address these key problems by describing an automated process of rapidly identifying individual Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) from photographs, and comparing resultant CR‐based population parameter estimates with those obtained using supervised visual identification of individuals. In addition, we assess the temporal effort necessary for robust estimation of demographic parameters in our study population. Morphological traits that maintain constancy over time, including variations in tusk characteristics, and ear fold and lobe shape, proved the most reliable for individual identification and subsequent estimation of population parameters. The use of temporally variable traits contributed to high probabilities of misidentification and biased estimates of population size. We found a minimum of seven sampling occasions necessary for reliable population estimation. Our study contributes to design issues for CR studies by providing insights into optimality of sampling effort such that precision of parameter estimates are not compromised while minimizing survey costs. We demonstrate the importance of accurate individual identification in the context of such studies and recommend the use of fixed morphological traits as the optimal individual identification strategy for species where animals are distinguished on the basis of multiple attributes, including some that may be variable over time.
Partial Metric Topology

ABSTRACT: Metric spaces are inevitably Hausdorff and so cannot, for example, be used to study non‐Hausdorff topologies such as those required in the Tarskian approach to programming language semantics. This paper presents a symmetric generalised metric for such topologies, an approach which sheds new light on how metric tools such as Banach's Theorem can be extended to non‐Hausdorff topologies.
Farmers, consumers and gatekeepers and their attitudes towards biotechnology

In 1999, a project to develop insect resistance maize for Africa was launched. Social scientists from this team used participatory rural appraisals, consumer studies, a baseline and gatekeeper survey to study the awareness and attitudes towards biotechnology among farmers, consumers and gatekeepers. Farmers’ awareness of biotechnology was very low (12.7%). Awareness on genetically modified (GM) crops among consumers was also found to be low, although it was higher among urban consumers (38%) than among rural ones (31%). Radio was the main source of information. A large majority of consumers agreed to statements expressing the benefits of biotechnology such as increasing productivity. However, they had environmental and health concerns. Half of the urban consumers expressed concerns about the environment, in particular, loss of biodiversity. In contrast, awareness about GM was found to be high for the gatekeepers (87% for millers, and 79% for supermarkets). A majority of gatekeepers in the food industry were concerned that GM food could cause allergic reactions or antibiotic-resistant diseases. Almost all consumers were willing to purchase GM maize meal at the same price. Of those in the industry, more than two thirds, were hesitant to use them preferring to make the decision on a case-by-case basis.