Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of Vision in Eyes After Selective Lamellar Keratoplasty

Abstract: With the increasing popularity of selective lamellar keratoplasty procedures, it is important to characterize the optical differences among penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). The impact of optical differences on the visual acuity (VA) in eyes after keratoplasty is significant. Quantitative evaluation of corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of anterior and posterior surfaces using a rotating Scheimpflug-based corneal topographer, showed that eyes that undergo DSAEK have lower anterior corneal HOAs compared with eyes subjected to PK or DALK. In DSAEK, the anterior corneal surfaces are not replaced, which is in contrast to PK or DALK, where they are replaced. Through evaluation of corneal scatter with a densitometry program associated with the rotating Scheimpflug-based corneal topographer, 3 characteristic patterns of corneal scatter were found in eyes that had undergone keratoplasty. Investigation of the impact of corneal HOAs and corneal scatter on VA after keratoplasty showed that the VA was correlated significantly with corneal scatter.
A comparative analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the hand for the detection of erosion repair in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether MRI allows the detection of osteosclerosis as a sign of repair of bone erosions compared with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) as a reference and whether the presence of osteosclerosis on HR-pQCT is linked to synovitis and osteitis on MRI. METHODS A total of 103 RA patients underwent HR-pQCT and MRI of the dominant hand. The presence and size of erosions and the presence and extent (grades 0-2) of osteosclerosis were assessed by both imaging modalities, focusing on MCP 2 and 3 and wrist joints. By MRI, the presence and grading of osteitis and synovitis were assessed according to the Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Score (RAMRIS). RESULTS Parallel evaluation was feasible by both modalities on 126 bone erosions. Signs of osteosclerosis were found on 87 erosions by HR-pQCT and on 22 by MRI. False-positive results (MRI(+)CT(-)) accounted for 3%, while false-negative results (MRI(-)CT(+)) accounted for 76%. MRI sensitivity for the detection of osteosclerosis was 24% and specificity was 97%. The semi-quantitative scoring of osteosclerosis was reliable between MRI and HR-pQCT [intraclass correlation coefficient 0.917 (95% CI 0.884, 0.941), P < 0.001]. The presence of osteosclerosis on HR-pQCT showed a trend towards an inverse relationship to the occurrence and extent of osteitis on MRI [χ(2)(1) = 3.285; ϕ coefficient = -0.124; P = 0.070] but not to synovitis [χ(2)(1) = 0.039; ϕ coefficient = -0.14; P = 0.844]. CONCLUSION MRI can only rarely detect osteosclerosis associated with bone erosions in RA. Indeed, the sensitivity compared with HR-pQCT is limited, while the specificity is high. The presence of osteitis makes osteosclerosis more unlikely, whereas the presence of synovitis is not related to osteosclerosis.
Initialization of DFIG based wind generating system

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has to be properly initialized for performing dynamic analysis. Even though DFIG has independent real and reactive power control, the real and reactive power output of DFIG depends both on the machine side parameters like wind speed and slip and network side parameters like grid voltage etc. This paper proposes a method for obtaining power flow solution incorporating DFIG based wind generation with only four variables as unknown variables as compared to other literature where more number of unknown variables are considered for solving the power flow including the DFIG. The simulation results of the proposed method for IEEE 14-bus system are presented.
Increasing Association Mapping Power and Resolution in Mouse Genetic Studies Through the Use of Meta-Analysis for Structured Populations

Genetic studies in mouse models have played an integral role in the discovery of the mechanisms underlying many human diseases. The primary mode of discovery has been the application of linkage analysis to mouse crosses. This approach results in high power to identify regions that affect traits, but in low resolution, making it difficult to identify the precise genomic location harboring the causal variant. Recently, a panel of mice referred to as the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP) has been developed to overcome this problem. However, power in this panel is limited by the availability of inbred strains. Previous studies have suggested combining results across multiple panels as a means to increase power, but the methods employed may not be well suited to structured populations, such as the HMDP. In this article, we introduce a meta-analysis-based method that may be used to combine HMDP studies with F2 cross studies to gain power, while increasing resolution. Due to the drastically different genetic structure of F2s and the HMDP, the best way to combine two studies for a given SNP depends on the strain distribution pattern in each study. We show that combining results, while accounting for these patterns, leads to increased power and resolution. Using our method to map bone mineral density, we find that two previously implicated loci are replicated with increased significance and that the size of the associated is decreased. We also map HDL cholesterol and show a dramatic increase in the significance of a previously identified result.
The enigma of post-radiation oedema and residual or recurrent carcinoma of the larynx and pyriform fossa

Persistence of significant laryngeal oedema following radiotherapy presents the surgeon with a diagnostic dilemma. Though the oedema may represent a prolonged response to irradiation, the possibility of residual carcinoma must be considered. Several authors have commented upon it and have suggested frequent biopsies to prove the presence of residual or recurrent neoplasm (Ward et al., 1975; Lederman, 1970; Calcaterra et al., 1972). Some reluctance to laryngeal biopsy has been exercised to avoid inciting a fulminant perichondritis. However, the difficulty of obtaining a positive biopsy in a post-irradiated case is well known, and repeated negative biopsies do not exclude the presence of a residual tumour. The present paper studies 52 histopathologically proven cases of carcinoma of the larynx and laryngopharynx which had received radiotherapy earlier. These cases underwent salvage radical surgery on clinical suspicion of residual/recurrent tumour, manifested by persistence of significant laryngeal oedema and/or fixation of the larynx. No positive biopsies had been obtained following radiotherapy.
THE ROLE OF SECONDARY PREVENTION AND NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING IN PRECISION CARDIOLOGY

 The first year after hospitalization is a highly vulnerable stage for patients that have suffered a cardiovascular event. Inadequate secondary management may contribute to relapse and re-admission of these patients, as well as to the onset of other adverse events and even death.  It has been extensively reported the contribution that psycho-social support, pharmacological adherence, return to everyday activities (related to both employment and recreation) may have to improve the outcomes of these patients  There is still a need to discuss the role that nutritional management and other forms of secondary prevention may have in post-infarction patients.  One of the goals of Precision Medicine is to provide an integral, individualized management to patients, even in periods of secondary rehabilitation.
Comparing sports injuries in men and women.

OBJECTIVE To compare the pattern of injury between men and women in seven collegiate sports to determine if gender-specific factors exist which could be modified to reduce the risk of injury to female athletes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of injury reports compiled by certified athletic trainers between Fall 1980 and Spring 1995. SETTING An NCAA division III College. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen to 22 year-old male and female college athletes competing in seven like sports (basketball, cross-country running, soccer, swimming, tennis, track and water polo) at the intercollegiate level, playing similar number of contests and using the same facilities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Analyses of injury patterns, classified by sport and anatomic location, for men and women in seven like sports. RESULTS A total of 3,767 participants were included in the study, with 1874 sports-related injuries reported among the men and women's teams. Of these injuries, 856 (45.7%) were sustained by female and 1018 (54.3%) by male athletes. Overall, no statistically significant gender difference was found for injuries per 100 participant-years (52.5 for female athlete versus 47.7 for males). A statistically significant gender difference in injury incidence (p < 0.001) was seen for two sports: swimming and water polo. Female swimmers reported more back/neck, shoulder, hip, knee and foot injuries: and female water polo players reported more shoulder injuries. When evaluating all sports concurrently, female athletes reported a higher rate of hip, lower-leg and shoulder injuries, while male athletes reported a higher rate of thigh injuries. CONCLUSION Except for some minor gender differences in total injuries for two sports and several differences in total injuries by anatomic location, our data suggest very little difference in the pattern of injury between men and women competing in comparable sports. The increased rate of shoulder injury among female swimmers probably resulted from the more rigorous training philosophy of their coach. Thus, no gender-specific recommendations can be suggested for decreasing the incidence of injury to female athletes competing in these sports.
Transferências, Equidade e Eficiência Municipal no Brasil

O trabalho avalia as desigualdades de atuacao do poder publico local no pais, bem como a eficiencia municipal no tocante a arrecadacao tributaria e aos gastos executados. A juncao das tres abordagens permite avaliar a distribuicao do Fundo de Participacao dos Municipios (FPM) ao longo de todo o territorio nacional. Os resultados sao obtidos por meio da Analise de Envoltoria de Dados (DEA), abordagem que permite um estudo comparativo entre as municipalidades. Estes revelam que o cenario de desigualdades na acao municipal e acentuado; porem, menos intenso do que as disparidades observadas na atividade economica. O indice de eficiencia nos gastos mostrou-se bastante insatisfatorio e ha um elevado grau de perdas tributarias. Observa-se ainda que as maiores carencias na cobertura de politicas publicas concentram-se nos municipios menores, mas e nessa faixa em que ocorrem tambem os maiores desperdicios. O confronto entre o quadro de carencias e o de recursos disponiveis revela uma situacao bastante desconfortavel para as administracoes municipais: via de regra, a simples utilizacao mais adequada dos recursos ja disponiveis seria mais do que suficiente para instaurar a equidade entre essas municipalidades do pais
Lifetimes and radiation patterns of luminescent centers close to a thin metal film.

The width d of an air gap between a 10-nm-thick luminescent europium benzoyltrifluoroacetone chelate film on a glass substrate and a 35-nm-thick layer of gold evaporated onto the base of a hemicylindrical high-index prism was varied between d >> lambda and d = 0. Thus the coupling of the luminescent centers (Eu(3+) ions, emission wavelength lambda = 612 nm) to the surface plasmons of the metal was varied. The luminescence lifetime decreased from tau = 520 microsec for d >> lambda to tau = 120 microsec for d = 0. By comparison of measured and calculated radiation patterns, i.e., of the angular distributions of the luminescent light emitted into the prism, the air gap d can be determined.
Thyroid and hepatic function after high‐dose 131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) therapy for neuroblastoma

131I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) provides targeted radiotherapy for children with neuroblastoma, a malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system. Dissociated radioactive iodide may concentrate in the thyroid, and 131I‐MIBG is concentrated in the liver after 131I‐MIBG therapy. The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of 131I‐MIBG therapy on thyroid and liver function.
Dissecting the mechanisms of suppressor of hairless function.

Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] is a DNA-binding protein that is the main intracellular transducer of the Notch signaling pathway in Drosophila. Several different mechanisms have been proposed to account for the activation of Su(H) by Notch. To further investigate how Su(H) activity is regulated we have used misexpression assays with wild-type Su(H) and with modified forms of Su(H) that contained a nuclear localization signal [Su(H)NLS], a transcriptional activation domain [Su(H)VP16], or a deletion of the domain required for interaction with the antagonist Hairless [Su(H)DeltaH]. Only Su(H)VP16 was able to mimic Notch activation effectively in the Drosophila wing, in agreement with the model that Notch activity normally confers coactivator function on Su(H). Neither nuclear localization nor elimination of Hairless binding was sufficient for activation. The phenotypes produced by overexpression of Su(H)wt and Su(H)NLS indicated a mixture of both increased and reduced Notch pathway activity and point to a role for Su(H) in both activation and repression of gene expression, as has been proposed for the mammalian homologue CBF1. Some phenotypes were equivalent to Notch loss-of-function, with wing-nicks and inhibition of a subset of target genes, which is most consistent with the ectopic proteins displacing a Su(H)-coactivator complex. Conversely, other phenotypes were equivalent to Notch gain-of-function, with wing-overgrowths and ectopic target-gene expression. These effects can be explained by the ectopic Su(H)/Su(H)NLS titrating a repressor complex. The wing-overgrowth phenotype is sensitive to the dose of Hairless and the phenotypes produced by coexpressing Su(H) and Hairless suggest that Hairless could form a component of this repressive complex.
Tamización de cáncer gástrico

El cancer gastrico es el cuarto cancer mas frecuente en el mundo y es la segunda causa de mortalidad por cancer. Es mas frecuente en paises en via de desarrollo, por lo que su deteccion temprana y un tratamiento oportuno son estrategias clave para reducir la mortalidad. En esta revision se expondran datos recientes, en cuanto a epidemiologia y los metodos mas eficaces para la tamizacion del cancer gastrico, los cuales continuan siendo permanente objeto de revision y controversia en el mundo, debido a la aparicion de nuevas tecnicas que permiten identificar con mayor claridad lesiones cancerigenas incipientes o lesiones preneoplasicas. Por lo anterior, en esta revision de la literatura se busca conocer los metodos de tamizacion que hoy en dia se realizan para la deteccion temprana del cancer gastrico y asi poder realizar un manejo temprano y oportuno de la enfermedad
Dissolution Improvement of Simvastatin by Surface Solid Dispersion Technology

The objective of the present study was to formulate surface solid dispersions (SSD) of simvastatin to improve the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate to facilitate faster onset of action. Simvastatin is a BCS Class II drug having low solubility (1.45 µg/mL) and therefore low oral bioavailability (5%). In the present study, SSDs of simvastatin with two different superdisintegrants in three different drug–carrier ratios were prepared by a coevaporation method. Surface solid dispersions were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) and evaluated for drug content, saturation solubility, pH-dependent solubility, solubility in biorelevant media (i.e., fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid [FaSSIF] and fed-state simulated intestinal fluid [FeSSIF]), in vitro dissolution, and in vivo studies by a Triton-induced hypercholestermia model in rats. DSC studies revealed that there was no interaction between drug and carrier, whereas the PXRD study demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in crystallinity of pure drug present in surface solid dispersions, which resulted in an increased dissolution rate of simvastatin.
A micromechanics investigation of sliding wear in coated components

In this work, the wear behaviour of coated components subjected to sliding contact conditions is investigated using a multiscale micromechanics approach. Periodic unit–cell–type continuum mechanics models are used to predict localized deformation patterns at the scale of the coating thickness (mesoscale) and the rate of material removal due to repeated sliding contact. To that purpose, realistic contact loads determined at the component level (macroscale) are applied at the mesoscopic level. The results indicate that the deformation of the coating is controlled by the cyclic accumulation of plastic deformation, or ratchetting, at the coating subsurface. Based on a ratchetting failure criterion, a wear equation is proposed and applied to investigate parametrically the influence of the principal material, loading and surface roughness parameters on the wear rate. The results reveal that the wear rate increases with contact pressure and depends on coating thickness and the roughness of the counterpart surface. It was also found that a reduction in the friction coefficient and an increase in the coating strain hardening behaviour can considerably improve the wear resistance of coated components.
Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital: summary of NICE guidance

Of an estimated 25 000 deaths in England each year attributable to hospital acquired venous thromboemobolism (VTE), many are potentially preventable.1 2 Despite the substantial evidence base for the benefits of thromboprophylaxis this was used in only about half of eligible patients and many healthcare professionals seemed to be unaware of the risks.3 4 The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published guidance on the prevention of VTE for surgical patients in 2007.5 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from NICE on VTE prophylaxis for all patients in hospital. NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group’s experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. (See further information box for a description of the evidence and challenges in formulating recommendations for this guidance.) ### Assessing the risks of VTE and bleeding #### Box 1 Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Review article: Landscapes compared

2005 may well come to seem an annus mirabilis in early medieval studies in Britain. It saw the publication not only of the two books here under review, Chris Wickham’s Framing the Early Middle Ages and Julia Smith’s Europe after Rome , but also of Peter Heather’s The Fall of the Roman Empire 1 and Bryan Ward-Perkins’s The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization , 2 both of which offer useful points of comparison. Very different in scale and tone, they range from Wickham’s blockbuster, whose size will probably mean that it will be handled by few but the most dedicated academic, to Smith’s near textbook, Ward-Perkins’s witty and challenging polemic, and Heather’s exercise in haute vulgarisation . Between them they provide major coverage of a good swath of the research on the period from the fourth to the tenth century carried out over the last twenty-five years. Of course, Wickham and Smith both focus on a defined set of issues, and in so doing they leave untouched aspects, even major ones, of the wider picture – a point to which I shall return. Wickham’s history is concerned with the economy and society, Smith’s with social history – she uses the term ‘culture’ in the broadest of senses. Although Smith has much to say about the importance of language and languages, in none of these books is there any sustained investigation of the literature (including the transmission of classical texts), arts and architecture of the period. Nor, indeed, is there detailed literary analysis of historical
Emerging Trends in the Multimodal Nature of Cognition: Touch and Handedness

Advances in tactile cognition and haptics have increased our understanding of the multimodal nature of touch. Haptic data is mostly confined to human performance arising from the flexibility and dexterity of the fingers used to discriminate shapes and objects. Studies with infants indicate that recognition of objects either seen or held in the hand is possible during early periods of infancy. Evidence indicates performance differences between the hands decrease over periods of development, reflecting maturation of the cortical brain system supporting motor skills. Thus ability is not confined to the preferred hand. Tactile process and haptic cognition reflect hand ability. Studies examining manual performance must consider the relevance of haptics in research. Knowing about the evolution of the hands controlled by the cerebral hemispheres is of interest because it is a major contribution to the repertoire of human hand actions. The emergence of RDBM (role differentiated bimanual manipulation) is an important shift in the development of infant manual skills. Between 4 and 7 months of age, infants begin to manipulate objects using RDBM where one hand stabilized an object while the other hand manipulated the object. Understanding the affordance of a tool is an important cognitive milestone in early sensorimotor period that develops during the second year in full-term infants. This ability has also been demonstrated in preterm infants indicating the emergence of handedness during prenatal periods. Thus a multimodal approach that incorporates studies of tactile processes and hand actions may reveal their interactions with task demands and haptic ability.
Metabolism of the lactating cow: III. Properties of mechanistic models suitable for evaluation of energetic relationships and factors involved in the partition of nutrients

Summary TWO models of lactating dairy cows were constructed by combining mechanistic models of digestion and metabolism reported previously and by adding elements to allow simulation of changes in tissue metabolic capacities over time. One model (day version) had an integration interval of 0·005 d and was suitable for simulation of within-day dynamics of nutrient supply and partition. The other (lactation version) had an integration interval of 1 d and was suitable for simulation of full lactation cycles. A number of simulation analyses were conducted to characterize and evaluate the models, to examine quantitative and dynamic properties of mechanisms which influence partition of nutrients, to identify aspects requiring further study, and to illustrate the potential usefulness of mechanistic, as compared to empirical, models in analyses of energy balance in lactating dairy cows.