Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Outside Air Temperature on Transportation Temperatures and Processing Quality of Cow's Milk

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of outside air temperature on the transportation temperature and processing quality of cow’s milk. The data used in the analyses (208 bulk samples) were collected on four farms over a period of 52 consecutive weeks. The samples were grouped into four outside air temperature‐based groups, namely: below 1.0 °C; from 1.1 to 8.0 °C; from 8.1 to 15.0 °C; above 15.1 °C. Mean values of the observed characteristics were as follows: average outside air temperature 7.40 °C, milk temperature on dairy farms 5.19 °C (at collection) and milk temperature on arrival at the dairy factory 5.60 °C. The average duration of transport was 211 minutes, milk volume in the tanker 12,885 l, fat content 4.13 %, protein content 3.40 %, lactose content 4.89 %, casein content 2.97 %, titratable acidity 6.31 SH, active acidity 6.75 (pH), rennet coagulation time (RCT) 201 sec. , curd class 1.11 (on five‐point scale) and 1.49 (on ten‐point scale). Increasing outside air temperature was closely correlated (p < 0.01) with an increase in milk temperature at the dairy factory (at delivery). A significant (p < 0.01) increased difference between the temperatures on the farm (at collection) and at delivery in the dairy factory was also recorded. The titratable acidity decreased and so did the curd class on the ten‐point scale. Milk temperature on the farm (at point of entering transportation tank) also increased significantly (p < 0.01) with outside air temperature. Other differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Findings of this study suggest that outside air temperature influences the properties and processing quality of the transported milk, even though the temperature differences of the milk itself ranged within the acceptable limits. It therefore stands to reason that, when the temperature of milk on load is close to the recommended temperature limits it can exceed this limit during transportation to the dairy factory and cause significant damage to the processing quality of the transported milk.
Bridging Gaps For Better & Smarter Mobile Applications

: In recent years, there has been considerable research interest in mobile applications development, in particular on ontology and context-awareness. In this review paper, the aim is to understand current challenges in mobile applications development and find gaps to bridge for better and smarter mobile applications in the future. We believe the ideas suggested in opportunities will allow researchers to redesign related hardware and software technologies for greater functionalities and better user experiences, and application developers to make future applications that are more productive in the users’ context
Prevalence of Hypertension and Knowledge of Its Risk Behaviors among Residents of Rural and Urban Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria

Background: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease among blacks anywhere and a major threat to health and wellbeing. Hypertension has been known to vary among countries and even sub-populations within a country. Geographical variations in behavioral risk factors for hypertension have also been noted. Despite the high prevalence of hypertension among residents of developing nations, the level of knowledge of its risk behaviors in most parts of these nations is low compared with that of the developed world Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hypertension and level of knowledge of its risk behaviors among residents of rural and urban communities in Rivers State, a crude oil bearing state in the South-South region of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to survey 400 residents age ranged 15-84 years, 200 each from rural Elele-Alimini and urban Rumuekini areas in Rivers State. The multistage sampling technique was used to recruit residents of the communities into the study. Data was collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire, after which blood pressure was measured using the mercury sphygmomanometer. Respondents with Original Research Article Ojule; IJTDH, 34(1): 1-10, 2018; Article no.IJTDH. 46320 2 blood pressure measurement of ≥140/≥90mmHg, or already on anti-hypertensive medication were classified as having hypertension. Results: The mean age of respondents from rural and urban communities was 43.3±17.9 and 37.9±15.1 years respectively (p<0.001), and there were more of females than male from both sites (p=0.269). The prevalence of hypertension was 27.0% rural (n=44) and 29.0% (n=58) for urban respondents (p=0.656). Overall, knowledge of hypertension and its risk behaviors was 63.8% and 70.2% for the rural and urban respondents respectively (p=0.210). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was high among residents of rural and urban communities in Rivers State. The level of knowledge of its risk behaviors was high. In this study knowledge of hypertension and its risk behaviors did not translate into good hypertension control. There is therefore need to mount comprehensive and robust hypertension preventive and control programme in both rural and urban communities in the state.
Reversible Data Hiding over Facebook

Facebook, the most popular Online Social Network (OSN), could be used as a platform to share secret messages through JPEG images online. However, due to the various lossy operations conducted over Facebook, the data embedded into the JPEG images can be easily destroyed, making the data extraction infeasible. More importantly, all these operations are carried out without users’ interference. In this paper, we first perform an in-depth investigation of the various lossy operations that Facebook applies to uploaded images. Based upon such prior knowledge, we propose a DCT-domain data hiding scheme that can effectively embed a large amount of data and successfully extract them out from the downloaded images, defeating the uncontrolled lossy operations. Compared with the state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed method offers much higher embedding capacity, and can extract the data successfully with very high probability. Furthermore, the restored image upon data extraction is of high quality, and the file size expansion is negligible. Extensive experimental results are provided to validate our findings.
Genetic Algorithm Combination of Boolean Constraint Programming for Solving Course of Action Optimization in Influence Nets

A military decision maker is typically confronted by the task of determining optimal course of action under some constraints in complex uncertain situation. Thus, a new class of Combinational Constraint Optimization Problem (CCOP) is formalized, that is utilized to solve this complex Operation Optimization Problem. The object function of CCOP is modeled by Influence net, and the constraints of CCOP relate to resource and collaboration. These constraints are expressed by Pseudo-Boolean and Boolean constraints. Thus CCOP holds a complex mathematical configuration, which is expressed as a 0 1 integer optimization problem with compositional constraints and unobvious optimal object function. A novel method of Genetic Algorithm (GA) combination of Boolean Constraint Programming (BCP) is proposed to solve CCOP. The constraints of CCOP can be easily reduced and transformed into Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) by BCP. The DNF representation then can be used to drive GA so as to solve CCOP. Finally, a numerical experiment is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of above method.
NEIGHBORING ACTIVE VIRUS TRIAGE BY SOFTWARE FACTS DISCOUNT METHODS

Mining of understanding has switched right into a competent approach to manage software data. By leveraging means of data mining, mining manner of software repositories can expose interesting data within software repositories and resolve actual software problems. Within our work we manage impracticality of information reduction for bug triage that's decrease in bug data in order to save work price of developers and get better the traditional to create easy the whole process of bug triage. A lengthy move of managing of software bugs is bug triage, which assign a precise developer to repair a totally new bug. To influence obvious of costly price of manual bug triage, existing work has forecasted an analog means of bug triage, involving the techniques of text classification can be expected developers for bug reports. Data decrease in aid of bug triage aims to place up somewhat-scale furthermore to expert quantity of bug data by way of elimination of bug reports furthermore to words which are redundant otherwise non-informative.
Gastrointestinal tract response and growth performance of growing turkeys as influenced by the whole wheat content of diets in two feeding programmes

The objective of this study was to determine the physiological re- sponses and growth performance of turkeys fed 20% whole wheat (WW) in two feeding programmes, diets A and B, consistent with the NRC (1994) and B.U. T. (2012) recommendations, respectively. In diet B, in successive feeding periods (weeks 5-18), the soyabean meal content was increased by 2.89% to 5.13%, the wheat content was decreased by 5.29% to 8.18%, and the concentrations of L-lysine, DL-methionine and L-threonine were considerably increased. A total of 896 four-week-old Big-6 male turkeys with similar initial body weights were randomly assigned to four equal dietary treatment groups, with seven replicate pens per treatment. The birds had free access to water and pelleted diets that contained no WW or 20% WW. After 14 weeks of feeding, the body weight gains (BWG) of turkeys were similar in all dietary treatments. From week 13 to 18, WW contributed to a significant ( P = 0.040) increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), whereas the increase in FCR noted over the entire experiment was nearly significant ( P = 0.065). Dietary inclusion of WW had no effect on the weights of the gizzard, small intestine, or caecum, and it enhanced fermentation in the caecum, including increasing α-glucosidase activity and the concentra- tions of total short-chain fatty acids, and decreasing the pH of caecal digesta (all P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the parameters of gastroin - testinal function and BWG between turkeys fed diets A and B. Diet B did, how- ever, significantly (P = 0.045) improve FCR over the entire experiment.
Expression of HK2 Gene is Deregulated in Prostate Cancer

Aim: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men. Therefore, the search for genes that could be potential targets for therapy as well as diagnostic and prognostic markers is an important task. Materials and Methods: In this work, the expression of genes encoding the enzymes of the first stage of glycolysis, hexokinases (HK1, HK2, and HK3), was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: In 35% of PC samples, up to 7-fold increase was revealed in the expression of the HK2 gene, whereas in 15% of cases, up to 5-fold decrease was observed. The HK1 mRNA level was unchanged in most of the examined samples. The HK3 expression was very low and could not be detected by qPCR. Conclusion: Thus, obtained results indicate that the activation of glycolysis in PC is likely caused by the HK2 upregulation. The increased mRNA level of HK2 gene could be a marker of this process in PC.
Multi-wavelength Polarimetry of Isolated Neutron Stars

Isolated Neutron Stars are known to be endowed with extreme magnetic fields, whose maximum intensity ranges from 10^12 to 10^15 G, which permeates their magnetospheres. Their surrounding environment is also strongly magnetised, especially in the compact nebulae powered by the relativistic wind from young neutron stars. The radiation from isolated neutron stars and their surrounding nebulae is, thus, supposed to bring a strong polarisation signature. Measuring the neutron star polarisation brings important information on the properties of their magnetosphere and of their highly magnetised environment. Being the most numerous class of isolated neutron stars, polarisation measurements have been traditionally carried out for radio pulsars, hence in the radio band. In this review, I summarise multi-wavelength linear polarisation measurements obtained at wavelengths other than radio both for pulsars and other types of isolated neutron stars and outline future perspectives with the upcoming observing facilities.
Effect of nanosheet surface structure of titanium alloys on cell differentiation

Titanium alloys are the most frequently used dental implants partly because of the protective oxide coating that spontaneously forms on their surface. We fabricated titania nanosheet (TNS) structures on titanium surfaces by NaOH treatment to improve bone differentiation on titanium alloy implants. The cellular response to TNSs on Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated, and the ability of the modified surfaces to affect osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow cells and increase the success rate of titanium implants was evaluated. The nanoscale network structures formed by alkali etching markedly enhanced the functions of cell adhesion and osteogenesis-related gene expression of rat bone marrow cells. Other cell behaviors, such as proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin deposition, and mineralization, were also markedly increased in TNS-modified Ti6Al4V. Our results suggest that titanium implants modified with nanostructures promote osteogenic differentiation, which may improve the biointegration of these implants into the alveolar bone.
Implications of the O + OH reaction in hydroxyl nightglow modeling

Abstract. The hydroxyl nightglow has been examined anew using calculated rate constants for the key reactive and inelastic O + OH( v ') quenching processes. These constants have been obtained from quasiclassical trajectories run on the adiabatic ab initio-based double many-body expansion-IV potential energy surface for the ground state of the hydroperoxil radical. Significant differences in the vertical profiles of vibrationally excited hydroxyl radicals are obtained relative to the ones predicted by Adler-Golden (1997) when employing an O + OH( v ') effective rate constant chosen to be twice the experimental value for quenching of OH( v ' = 1). At an altitude of 90 km, such deviations range from ~ 80% for v ' = 1 to only a few percent for v ' = 9. Other mechanisms reported in the literature have also been utilized, in particular those that loosely yield lower and upper limits in the results, namely sudden-death and collisional cascade. Finally, the validity of the steady-state hypothesis is analysed through comparison with results obtained via numerical integration of the master equations.
pKa Determination of a Non-hydro-soluble Chemical Substance, Issued fromChiral Chromatographic Solubility Profiles and Mat-pKa Calculations

After development and implementation of Mat-pKa software, since 3 years, pKa(s) determinations for approximately 70 compounds were successfully conducted. But a remaining objective was to enlarge the capabilities of this software to resolve cases for non-soluble compounds in aqueous phases. Until now, pKa(s) calculations were based on solubility profiles obtained in aqueous buffered solutions. A new application of this software was successful for solubility profiles obtained in pure water, in which, various concentrations of the substance led to different pH of solutions. A new approach, based on solubility profile elaborated from the Yasuda-Shedlovsky experiment, is presented in this paper, for a non-hydro-soluble chemical substance. More challenging in this case, the pKa value was determined for a chiral compound and, outside of the range 0 to 14. In this third new application, Mat-pKa software confirmed its ability to define pKa values in extended ranges and its independence to diverse techniques (generally the chromatography) delivering solubility profiles, even in very specific and delicate conditions.
The Spatial Transferability of Parameters in a Gravity Model of Commuting Flows

This paper studies whether gravity model parameters estimated in one geographic area can give reasonable predictions of commuting flows in another. To do this, three sets of parameters are estimated for geographically proximate yet separate regions in south-west Norway. All possible combinations of data and parameters are considered, giving a total of nine cases. Of particular importance is the distinction between statistical equality of parameters and `practical' equality i.e. are the differences in predictions big enough to matter. A new type test best on the Standardised Root Mean Square Error (SRMSE) and Monte Carlo simulation is proposed and utilised.
Units of Time in Ancient China and Japan

The time systems employed in ancient China and Japan are discussed. It is well known that both in ancient China and Japan 1 day was divided into 12 double hours, and the first double hour began at 23 hr local time. However, it is confirmed in this paper that in the Chinese Song dynasty the first double hour began at 0 hr local time. One day was also divided into 100 equal parts, called ke, and ke was subdivided by a time unit called fen. The number of fen in 1 ke varied from dynasty to dynasty. These numbers were clarified by analyzing the tables of daytime duration given in the official Chinese chronicles. In ancient Japan, the time units ke and fen were also used, but the lengths of both of them varied depending on the era. It has been found that all of the daytime and nighttime, the times of sunrise and sunset, and the lengths of shadows given in the official Chinese chronicles refer to a particular latitude of about 34. ◦ 5, and that the Japanese system adopted this Chinese tradition. Symmetry of the data in tables with respect to certain dates was also investigated in detail in order to examine how the dates of 24 qis were determined.
Electric-Field Sensing with a Scanning Fiber-Coupled Quantum Dot

We demonstrate the application of a fiber-coupled quantum dot (QD) in a tip as a scanning probe for electric-field imaging. We map the out-of-plane component of the electric field induced by a pair of electrodes by the measurement of the quantum-confined Stark effect induced on a QD spectral line. Our results are in agreement with finite-element simulations of the experiment. Furthermore, we present results from analytic calculations and simulations which are relevant to any electric-field sensor embedded in a dielectric tip. In particular, we highlight the impact of the tip geometry on both the resolution and sensitivity.
A comparative study of effects of nebivolol and atenolol on blood pressure and lipid profile in patients of mild to moderate hypertension

Background: Beta blockers have been used in the treatment of hypertension, since last four decades and are widely accepted as the first-line treatment for hypertension. Nebivolol, a third generation β-blocker has highest β1 selectivity and is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Along with peripheral vasodilatation and nitric oxide (NO)-induced benefits such as antioxidant activity and reversal of endothelial dysfunction, nebivolol promotes better protection from cardiovascular events. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of atenolol and nebivolol on both blood pressure and lipid profile in patients of mild to moderate hypertension.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel, open labelled study. Patients were recruited from the medicine out-patient department (OPD) and cardiology OPD. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study. 50 patients were allocated to atenolol group and 50 patients to nebivolol group. BP and baseline investigations such as lipid profile were performed. Tests to determine lipid profile were performed on the first visit (Week 0) and at 24 weeks. Continuous variables between the two treatment groups were analyzed by unpaired t-test. Efficacy endpoints within the group were analyzed by using paired t-test.Results: All the lipid levels except HDL-C were increased with atenolol therapy. At 24 weeks, atenolol therapy led to increase in LDL-C, VLDL-C, TC and TG which was highly significant (p<0.0001). HDL levels were decreased at 24 weeks which was also statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). The mean values of lipids in nebivolol group at baseline and at 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, nebivolol therapy led to changes in LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, TC and TG which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: From study it can be concluded that atenolol and nebivolol are equally effective in reducing BP but atenolol worsens lipid profile as compared to nebivolol.
Experimental Investigation of Chirp Spread Spectrum-based Swarm Sensors for Construction Resource Tracking

Emerging wireless sensing technologies hold great promise for improving construction resource tracking operations. Unfortunately, the accuracy and reliability of these sensing technologies as well as their interactions with the dynamics of the construction environment is still not well understood. Existing deployments of these sensing technologies are based on isolated tracking applications rather than adaptive interaction with the construction process. This adaptive interaction can be enhanced using Chirp Spread Spectrum-based swarm sensing systems capable of triggering collective and organized behavior amongst construction resources: a key characteristic of cyber-physical systems. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the performance of a commercially available swarm sensing system on the construction site. This sensing system consists of sensors capable of interacting and communicating with each other without the need for stationary transceivers. A case study is presented to demonstrate the benefits and functionality of the sensing system. The results show that Chirp Spread Spectrum-based swarm sensing systems offer tremendous opportunity for future cyber-physical systems applications in the construction industry.
Bioactive metabolites of a marine Calcarisporium sp.

Introduction Fungi living in changing environments presumably need a high metabolic versatility in order to survive. As metabolic versatility may also relate to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, fungal strains isolated from the German Wadden Sea were investigated with regard to secondary metabolite production. The focus was put on bioactive compounds with the potential of possible biotechnological application. One of the isoates, KF525, showed exceptionally attractive metabolite profiles within the screening on various media and was selected for detailed investigations.
Diffusive shock re-acceleration

We have performed two-dimensional hybrid simulations of non-relativistic collisionless shocks in the presence of pre-existing energetic particles (‘seeds’); such a study applies, for instance, to the re-acceleration of galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks and solar wind energetic particles in heliospheric shocks. Energetic particles can be effectively reflected and accelerated regardless of shock inclination via a process that we call diffusive shock re-acceleration. We find that re-accelerated seeds can drive the streaming instability in the shock upstream and produce effective magnetic field amplification. This can eventually trigger the injection of thermal protons even at oblique shocks that ordinarily cannot inject thermal particles. We characterize the current in reflected seeds, finding that it tends to a universal value $J\simeq en_{\text{CR}}v_{\text{sh}}$ , where $en_{\text{CR}}$ is the seed charge density and $v_{\text{sh}}$ is the shock velocity. When applying our results to SNRs, we find that the re-acceleration of galactic CRs can excite the Bell instability to nonlinear levels in less than ${\sim}10~\text{yr}$ , thereby providing a minimum level of magnetic field amplification for any SNR shock. Finally, we discuss the relevance of diffusive shock re-acceleration also for other environments, such as heliospheric shocks, galactic superbubbles and clusters of galaxies.