Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Dynamic Modeling of High-Frequency Integer Price Changes

We investigate high-frequency volatility models for analyzing intradaily tick by tick stock price changes using Bayesian estimation procedures. Our key interest is the extraction of intradaily volatility patterns from high-frequency integer price changes. We account for the discrete nature of the data via two different approaches: ordered probit models and discrete distributions. We allow for stochastic volatility by modeling the variance as a stochastic function of time, with intraday periodic patterns. We consider distributions with heavy tails to address occurrences of jumps in tick by tick discrete prices changes. In particular, we introduce a dynamic version of the negative binomial difference model with stochastic volatility. For each model, we develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation method that takes advantage of auxiliary mixture representations to facilitate the numerical implementation. This new modeling framework is illustrated by means of tick by tick data for two stocks from the NYSE and for different periods. Different models are compared with each other based on the predictive likelihoods. We find evidence in favor of our preferred dynamic negative binomial difference model.
Analysis of Data in Cloud Computing Environments

Data mining is extracting the information from large amount of data which stores in multiple horizontally and vertically partitioned databases. The information conveying the message direct or indirect. In this paper we combined the concept of association rule mining (Data Mining Techniques) with the cloud computing for analyzing the large amount of data base that is horizontally distributed in cloud environment. As we know that the cloud computing is upcoming techniques that offers the tremendous advantages in economical aspect, such as reduce the time of market, flexible computing capabilities and limitless computing power. To use the full potential of cloud computing the data is transferred, processed and stored by external cloud providers. Cloud computing has benefited the IT industries with less infrastructure investments and maintenance. As cloud provides the services like infrastructure as a service (IAAS), platform as a service (PAAS) and software as a service (SAAS) to its clients. The privacy is an essential service to provide in private and public cloud environments where the data can be easily hacked or tempered. In this paper aims to analyze the large amount by using the three main association rule mining techniques support, confidence and lift/importance and also provide the high privacy to all the cloud owner or provider using the hash function in cloud computing environments with zero percentage of data leakage and last in this paper we shows the comparison result of different privacy preserving techniques secure sum, secure subtraction, secure multiplication, secure union and secure intersection on the same horizontally partitioned database in cloud environments.
The neuroprotective role of Nigella sativa extract on ciprofloxacin and pentylenetetrazole treated rats

This study aimed to investigate the Nigella sativa seed (NS) neuroprotective effect on ciprofloxacin (CFX) antibiotic with suggesting neurotoxic effect in rats through the determination of monoamines levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in different brain areas. We used valporic acid as a reference antiepileptic drug and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a drug used for induction of epileptic model in rats. The present data revealed that the daily oral administration of NS (350 mg/kg b.wt.) for 14 days caused significant increase in the monoamines contents with no statistical difference in AChE as compare to control values. While the administration of CFX (500 mg/kg b.wt.) and/or PTZ (60 mg/kg b.wt.) was found to produce significant decrease in the concentration of monoamines and the activity of AChE in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum and hippocampus after 7 and 14 days. Moreover, the pre- and post-treatment with NS in CFX and/or PTZ treated rats was found to ameliorate most of the side effects induced by these drugs. It could be concluded that the treatment with the therapeutic dose of CFX 14 days could lead to the development of seizures through the reduction of monoamines level and decreasing the activity of AChE in the tested brain areas. The administration of N. sativa pre- and the post treatment to CFX and/or PTZ treated rats were found to ameliorate their side effects. Suggesting that N. sativa seeds with antiepileptic activity and its administration could alleviate ciprofloxacin neurotoxicity. Key words: Ciprofloxacin, Pentylenetetrazole, Nigella sativa; monoamines, acetylcholinesterase.
Human Papillomaviruses Oncoproteins

One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that affects around 80% of sexually active women. Although most of the women clear HPV infection, individuals with inadequate immune responses develop persistent infections which lead to premalignant lesions such as high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-III), with high potential to progress to cervical carcinoma. Based on molecular and epidemiological data, high risk papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) are now recognized as etiologic agents of cervical carcinoma, although some additional events are required [1, 2].
Reworking hegemony in the urban waterscape

In this paper, we argue that ideology is fought over through lived environments. In making this argument, we build on Antonio Gramsci's writings on hegemony. In particular, we extend the analysis of the terrain over which hegemony operates from civil society to urban environments. Here, we argue that the socio-natural relations established through everyday activities are crucial to the consolidation (and contestation) of particular worldviews. Overall, we seek to put Gramsci to work in understanding the politics and the possibilities in the informal settlement of Inanda and more generally within post-apartheid South Africa.
“MotSaRT”- Motivation Strategies : A Recommender Tool for On-line Learning Facilitators

On-line education is one of the most dynamic and potentially enriching forms of learning that exists today. However, attrition is a serious problem resulting in personal, occupational and financial implications for both students and academic institutions. Motivation to learn is affected by a student’s self-efficacy, goal orientation, locus of control and perceived task difficulty. In the classroom teachers know how to motivate their students and how to exploit this knowledge to adapt or optimize their instruction when a student shows signs of demotivation. In online learning environments it is much more difficult to assess the level of motivation of the student and to have adaptive intervention strategies and rules of application to help prevent attrition. We have developed MotSaRT to support online facilitators in motivating learners. The design is informed by the Social Cognitive Theory constructs outlined above and a survey on motivation intervention strategies carried out with sixty on-line facilitators (lecturers/tutors). The survey results were analysed using a data mining algorithm (J48 decision trees) which resulted in a set of decision rules for recommending motivational strategies. For example: where a learner has low self efficacy, is disengaged motivationally, has an external locus of control and perceives the task as being very difficult, the most frequently recommended intervention strategies are (a) to review progress with the student at regular intervals, (b) explain the importance of and encourage student to maintain contact with facilitator, and (c) encourage peer-to-peer contact. The recommender tool, MotSaRT, has been developed based on these decision rules. Its functionality enables the facilitator to specify the learner’s motivation profile. MotSaRT then recommends the most likely intervention strategies to increase motivation. A pilot study is currently being carried out using the MotSaRT tool.
Cascaded MLI Operation for SPWM and Third Harmonic SPWM

The multilevel inverters have gained more interest these days because of their advantages like voltage stress on each switching device is reduced, easy to reach high voltage levels in high power applications with lower harmonic distortion and switching frequency, which is very difficult to get this performance with conventional two level inverters. In this paper three level cascaded multilevel inverter is simulated and switching strategies like sinusoidal pulse width modulation and third harmonic pwm are implemented to it. The variation of output voltage and harmonic distortion is observed. The results are interpreted using SMULINK.
Effects of eutrophication on maximum algal biomass in lake and river ecosystems

Abstract To further clarify empirical relationships between maximum phytoplankton biomass per unit total phosphorus (TP) and the maximum:mean phytoplankton biomass ratio, predictive models were created from a meta-analysis of datasets from lakes worldwide. Peak concentrations of planktonic chlorophyll a were on average 2.6 times greater than the mean, with most maximum:mean chlorophyll a ratios falling within less than an order-of-magnitude band (from 1.2 to 6 times the mean value). Peak concentrations of planktonic algal biovolume in 22 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) lakes were on average 3.3 times greater than the mean, with maximum:mean biovolume ratios ranging from 1.2 to 6.3. By contrast, the temporal dynamics of planktonic (suspended) algal biomass in Minnesota streams and rivers were far more constrained; peak concentrations of planktonic chlorophyll a were only on average 1.8 times greater than the mean, with maximum:mean chlorophyll a ratios ranging from 1.3 to 3.8. These data suggest regional differences in maximum chlorophyll a values may exist. Parallel analyses of periphyton biomass in streams and rivers showed far greater variability in the maximum:mean chlorophyll ratio for benthic algae. Peak concentrations of attached chlorophyll a were on average 4.3 times greater than the mean, with the observed maximum:mean chlorophyll a ratios exhibiting exceptionally high variability (ranging from 1.0 to 50 times the mean value), likely reflecting differences in the temporal dynamics of planktonic and benthic algal growth in freshwater ecosystems.
Manufacture of the Printed Circuit Boards for Microstrip Transmission Line Circuits

Microstip transmission line circuits play important roles in many microwave communication systems. This paper presents to manufacture of the printed circuit boards (PCB) based on spray etching machines for microstrip transmission line circuits. This is an experimental research with the objectives to analyze implicate variable with low cost PCB spray etching machines and control effect of variable for etching on the PCB. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated predictions, which can be quite useful for microstrip transmission lines applications in future microwave communication systems. Keywords-PCB; microstrip transmission lines; spray etching; RF planar circuits
Trace element transport in western Siberian rivers across a permafrost gradient

Abstract. Towards a better understanding of trace element (TE) transport in permafrost-affected Earth surface environments, we sampled ∼ 60 large and small rivers ( The order of landscape component impact on TE concentration in rivers was lakes > bogs > forest. The lakes decreased export of Mn and Co in summer and Ni, Cu, and Rb in spring, presumably due to biotic processes. The lakes enriched the rivers in insoluble lithogenic elements in summer and winter, likely due to TE mobilization from unfrozen mineral sediments. The rank of environmental factors on TE concentration in western Siberian rivers was latitude (three permafrost zones) > season > watershed size. The effect of the latitude was minimal in spring for most TEs but highly visible for Sr, Mo, Sb and U. The main factors controlling the shift of river feeding from surface and subsurface flow to deep underground flow in the permafrost-bearing zone were the depth of the active (unfrozen) seasonal layer and its position in organic or mineral horizons of the soil profile. In the permafrost-free zone, the relative role of carbonate mineral-bearing base rock feeding versus bog water feeding determined the pattern of TE concentration and fluxes in rivers of various sizes as a function of season. Comparison of obtained TE fluxes in WSL rivers with those of other subarctic rivers demonstrated reasonable agreement for most TEs; the lithology of base rocks was the major factor controlling the magnitude of TE fluxes. Climate change in western Siberia and permafrost boundary migration will essentially affect the elements controlled by underground water feeding (DIC, alkaline earth elements (Ca, Sr), oxyanions (Mo, Sb, As) and U). The thickening of the active layer may increase the export of trivalent and tetravalent hydrolysates in the form of organo-ferric colloids. Plant litter-originated divalent metals present as organic complexes may be retained via adsorption on mineral horizon. However, due to various counterbalanced processes controlling element source and sinks in plant–peat–mineral soil–river systems, the overall impact of the permafrost thaw on TE export from the land to the ocean may be smaller than that foreseen with merely active layer thickening and permafrost boundary shift.
Video Game Play May Attenuate Cortisol Response To Psychosocial Stress In Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders

The common characteristics and patterns of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) include the need for consistency, rituals, predictability and problem solving [1]. The constant changing nature of unfamiliar social interactions that require spontaneous intuitive adjustment may exacerbate socially related anxiety for these individuals with ASD [1]. Accumulating evidence indicates that individuals with ASD were easily suffered from anxiety symptoms in stressful situations [2-4]. For example, salivary cortisol levels were significantly increased in response to an unfamiliar peer compared to a familiar peer in thirty-three children aged 6-13 years [1]. The peer interaction paradigm resulted in significantly higher levels of salivary cortisol in 21 children with ASD aged 8 to 12 years compared to normal controls, suggesting that the ASD children easily activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses in social situations [3]. Twenty-seven male children with ASD aged 8 to 12 years maintained an elevated cortisol level in response to standardized social-evaluative performance task compared to children with agematched 32 typical developments [4].
Application of Mathematica to the Rayleigh–Ritz method for plane elasticity problems

Eπανeξeτάζeται η κλασική μέθοδος των Rayleigh–Ritz για προβλήματα eπίπeδης ισότροπης eλαστικότητας, που διέπeται από την πολύ γνωστή διαρμονική eξίσωση (που ικανοποιeίται από την τασική συνάρτηση του Airy). Για τη συμβολική/αριθμητική προσeγγιστική eπίλυση της διαρμονικής eξισώσeως χρησιμοποιήθηκe το μοντέρνο και ισχυρό σύστημα υπολογιστικής άλγeβρας Mathematica. Προeτοιμάσθηκe μια σχeτική απλή διαδικασία και το κλασικό πρόβλημα μιας ορθογωνικής eλαστικής πeριοχής που φορτίζeται μe παραβολικό eφeλκυστικό φορτίο eπιλέχθηκe σαν παράδeιγμα eφαρμογής της μeθόδου. Τα διαθέσιμα στη βιβλιογραφία συμβολικά/αριθμητικά αποτeλέσματα και eπιπλέον πιο πολύπλοκα ανάλογα αποτeλέσματα βρέθηκαν άμeσα χρησιμοποιώντας την προαναφeρθeίσα διαδικασία. Συζητούνται eπίσης σύντομα και πeραιτέρω σχeτικές δυνατότητeς και γeνικeύσeις.
INFLATION AND OPENNESS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES FROM IRAN (1965-2010)

The aim of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between inflation and openness in Iran emphasizing long-run relations during 1965 - 2010. To do so, I used growth rate of the consumer prices as the indicator of inflation and total exports and imports as a percentage of GDP to measure trade openness. Then I applied Vector Error Correction Model to estimate the proposed model. The results show that there is a one-way causal relationship from inflation to openness in Iran during the observation period and inflation has a positively significant impact on trade openness, so that 1% increase in inflation rate has led to approximately 0.12% increase in trade openness in the next period and 0.19% increase in trade openness in the next two period.
Investigation into the Optimal Wind Turbine Layout Patterns for a Wind Farm in Walvis Bay, Namibia

Due to the unpredictable nature of wind speed and direction, there is a need to optimize the wind turbines placement to extract maximum available wind power at a low cost. Through optimization, best positions of the wind turbines that lead to maximum output are determined. This paper presents an into an optimal Wind Turbine (WT) layout pattern for three Wind Farm (WF) configurations (aligned, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). A Hypothetical WF (2 km X 2 km ) is analyzed based on 2016 Wind data. Result shows that the total power generated from the customized is 863.098 kW, from Genetic Algorithm (GA) layout, the total power generated is 1296.286 kW while from Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) the total power generated is 1300.668 kW. In comparison to the customized layout, optimization algorithms layouts resulted in a good improvement of the total power generated, GA improved the total power generated by 50.2% while PSO improved the total power generated by 50.7%. Optimization Algorithms layout proved to be efficient as compared to the customized layout because they have fewer power losses. GA and PSO layout have losses of 13.5% and 13.3% respectively, while the customized layout resulted in the most losses which are at 43%. The results from GA and PSO slightly differ, with a small difference in power of 4.4 kW.
Ultraviolet tails and trails in cluster galaxies: a sample of candidate gaseous stripping events in Coma

We have used new deep observations of the Coma cluster from GALEX to identify 13 star-forming galaxies with asymmetric morphologies in the ultraviolet. Aided by optical broad-band and H-alpha imaging, we interpret the asymmetric features as being due to star formation within gas stripped from the galaxies by interaction with the cluster environment. The selected objects display a range of structures from broad fan-shaped systems of filaments and knots (`jellyfish') to narrower and smoother tails extending up to 100 kpc in length. Some of the features have been discussed previously in the literature, while others are newly identified here. As an ensemble, the candidate stripping events are located closer to the cluster centre than other star-forming galaxies; their radial distribution is similar to that of all cluster members, dominated by passive galaxies. The fraction of blue galaxies which are undergoing stripping falls from 40% in the central 500 kpc, to less than 5% beyond 1 Mpc. We find that tails pointing away from (i.e. galaxies moving towards) the cluster centre are strongly favoured (11/13 cases). From the small number of `outgoing' galaxies with stripping signatures we conclude that the stripping events occur primarily on first passage towards the cluster centre, and are short-lived compared to the cluster crossing time. Using infall trajectories from simulations, the observed fraction of blue galaxies undergoing stripping can be reproduced if the events are triggered at a threshold radius of ~1 Mpc and detectable for ~500 Myr. HST images are available for two galaxies from our sample and reveal compact blue knots coincident with UV and H-alpha emission, apparently forming stars within the stripped material. Our results confirm that stripping of gas from infalling galaxies, and associated star formation in the stripped material, is a widespread phenomenon in rich clusters.
Appendices to Fiscal Volatility Shocks and Economic Activity ( Not for Publication )

∗Fernández-Villaverde: Department of Economics 3718 Locust Walk, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, jesusfv@econ.upenn. edu. Guerrón-Quintana: Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Ten Independence Mall, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA, pablo.guerron@phil.frb. org. Kuester: University of Bonn, Department of Economics, Institute for Macroeconomics and Econometrics, Adenauerallee 24-42, 53113 Bonn, Germany, keith.kuester@uni-bonn.de. Rubio-Ramı́rez: Emory University, Department of Economics, Rich Memorial Building, Room 306, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA, Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1000 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA, and BBVA Research, Paseo de la Castellana 81, 28046 Madrid, Spain, juan.rubio-ramirez@emory.edu. We thank participants in seminars at the Atlanta Fed, Bank of Canada, Bank of Hungary, Bank of Spain, BBVA Research, Bonn University, Board of Governors, Central Bank of Chile, Columbia University, Concordia, CREI, Dallas Fed, Drexel, Georgetown, IMF, Maryland, Northwestern, Princeton, the Philadelphia Fed, and Wayne State, and conference presentations at the EFG, Midwest Macro Meetings, the Society for Computational Economics, NBER Universities Conference, SITE, and New York Fed Monetary Conference for comments and discussions, especially Rüdiger Bachmann, Nick Bloom, Eric Leeper, Jim Nason, Giovanni Ricco, and Julia Thomas. Michael Chimowitz and Behzad Kianian provided excellent research assistance. Any views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with those of the Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta and Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System. Juan F. Rubio-Ramı́rez also thanks the Institute for Economic Analysis (IAE) and the “Programa de Excelencia en Educación e Investigación” of the Bank of Spain, and the Spanish ministry of science and technology Ref. ECO2011-30323-c03-01 for support. We also thank the NSF for financial support. The authors declare that they have no relevant or material financial interests that relate to the research described in this paper.