Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescencia, violencia y género

El objetivo general de esta investigacion es avanzar en la comprension de como es el procesamiento de la informacion de los y las adolescentes ante situaciones de violencia hipoteticas en funcion del sexo y del estatus del agresor y de la victima, ademas, se examina la relacion entre dicho proceso y las actitudes hacia el genero y la violencia, las creencias hacia grupos minoritarios, el uso de la violencia y los estereotipos de genero de los y las adolescentes. Para la consecucion de este objetivo, se diseno un instrumento que consta de ocho situaciones hipoteticas de violencia donde el sexo y el estatus del agresor y de la victima se manipula en cada una de ellas, ademas se aplicaron otros instrumentos para medir un conjunto de variables predictoras. Se utilizo un diseno multifactorial de medidas repetidas mediante un analisis de varianza (2 x 2 x 2) y la regresion lineal multiple con el metodo de pasos sucesivos. Participaron un total de 653 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 18 anos procedentes de Centros Educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados mas significativos reflejan que parece haberse superado la tendencia a valorar negativamente a la victima cuando esta es una mujer en una situacion familiar, sin embargo, esta tendencia no se ha superado en aquellas situaciones de violencia entre mujeres y cuando esta ocupa un estatus superior, al igual que tampoco se ha superado el estereotipo sexista de la mujer como "provocadora, desenado la situacion y culpable de la situacion de conflicto" en estas situaciones. Otros resultados reflejan una tendencia superior de los y las adolescentes a justificar la violencia hacia la autoridad y entre individuos del mismo estatus. El conjunto de valores tradicionalmente asociados al estereotipo masculino de instrumentalidad-agencia, y los valores y problemas asociados tradicionalmente al estereotipo femenino de expresividad-comunalidad, parece haberse modificado en la imagen que tienen los y las adolescentes de como son. De todos estos resultados se deduce la necesidad que sigue teniendo incluir en el curriculum estos temas para erradicar las creencias que llevan a perpetuar el sexismo y la violencia, asi como la necesidad de orientar los programas educativos de forma que contribuyan a incrementar el rechazo al sexismo, la violencia en general y contra la mujer, la intolerancia en general y hacia grupos minoritarios y los estereotipos o actitudes tradicionales, como una condicion basica para construir una sociedad menos violenta. Esta investigacion reflejan la importancia que tiene poner el foco de atencion en los factores cognitivos que pueden ayudar a explicar el fenomeno de la violencia y el desarrollo de un esquema de genero en los jovenes. PALABRAS CLAVES: Mediadores cognitivos, procesamiento de la informacion, violencia indirecta
In vitro and in vivo activities of atalaphillinine and related acridone alkaloids against rodent malaria

Thirty acridone alkaloids obtained from Citrus, Glycosmis, or Severinia plants (members of the family Rutaceae) were tested for their antimalarial activities in vitro and in vivo. At a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml in vitro, seven of these alkaloids suppressed 90% or more of Plasmodium yoelii, which causes malaria in rodents. Atalaphillinine, when injected intraperitoneally in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 3 days into mice infected with 10(7) erythrocytes parasitized with Plasmodium berghei or Plasmodium vinckei, completely suppressed the development of malaria parasites, with there being no obvious acute toxic effects from the tested dose.
Stability Analysis in Higher Order Cohen-Grossberg-Type Bidirectional Associative Memory Neural Networks

In this paper, we investigate the higher order Cohen-Grossberg-type bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with time delays. By using Laypunov-Kravsovskii functional and homeomorphism theory, some new sufficient conditions are established for the existence and global exponential stability of a unique equilibrium without strict conditions imposed on self regulation functions. Finally, an example and its simulations are presented to illustrate the global exponential stability of the equilibrium.
On Boosting, Tug of War, and Lexicographic Programming

Despite the large amount of research effort dedicated to adapting boosting for imbalanced classification, boosting methods are yet to be satisfactorily immune to class imbalance, especially for multi-class problems, due to the long-standing reliance on expensive cost set tuning. We show that the assignment of weights to the component classifiers of a boosted ensemble can be thought of as a game of Tug of War between the classes in the margin space. We then demonstrate how this insight can be used to attain a good compromise between the rare and abundant classes without having to resort to cost set tuning, which has long been the norm for imbalanced classification. The solution is based on a lexicographic linear programming framework which requires two stages. Initially, class-specific component weight combinations are found so as to minimize a hinge loss individually for each of the classes. Subsequently, the final component weights are assigned so that the maximum deviation from the class-specific minimum loss values (obtained in the previous stage) is minimized. Hence, the proposal is not only restricted to two-class situations, but is also readily applicable to multi-class problems. We also derive the dual formulation corresponding to the proposed framework. Experiments conducted on artificial and real-world imbalanced datasets as well as challenging applications such as hyperspectral image classification and ImageNet classification establish the efficacy of the proposal.
Can a Development Bank Improve the Governance of Investee Companies? Evidence from BNDES in Brazil

There are many studies in the literature on institutional investors’ efforts to improve corporate governance, generally focused on the role of pension funds and private equity firms. There are only a few studies that analyze the influence of development banks in the governance of investee companies. The objective of this research is to examine the role of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in the governance of listed companies. Our analysis provides evidence that companies in which BNDES is a shareholder have better governance. Keywords—BNDES, corporate governance, development banks, institutional investors.
Autosomal recessive corneal endothelial dystrophy (CHED2) is associated with mutations in SLC4A11

Objective: To map and identify the gene for autosomal recessive congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED2, OMIM 217700), a disorder characterised by diffuse bilateral corneal clouding that may lead to visual impairment and requiring corneal transplantation. Methods: Members of 16 families with autosomal recessive CHED were genotyped for 13 microsatellite markers at the CHED2 locus on chromosome 20p13-12. Two-point linkage analysis was carried out using the FASTLINK version of the MLINK program. Mutation screening was carried out by amplification of exons and flanking regions by polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct automated sequencing. Results: Linkage and haplotype analysis placed the disease locus within a 2.2 cM (1.3 Mb) interval flanked by D20S198 and D20S889, including SLC4A11. The maximum limit of detection score of 11.1 was obtained with D20S117 at θ = 0. Sequencing of SLC4A11 showed homozygotic mutations in affected members from 12 of 16 families. Conclusion: These results confirm that mutations in the SLC4A11 gene cause autosomal recessive CHED.
Metadata, semantics, and ontology: providing meaning to information resources

Metadata research has emerged as a new discipline in the last years, and is focused on the provision of semantic descriptions of a diverse kind to digital resources, web resources being the most frequent target. Such associated descriptions are supposed to serve as a foundation for advanced, improved services in several application areas, including search and location, personalisation, and automated delivery of information. In consequence, metadata research focuses both on the development of metadata description languages of a general purpose or specialised kind and also on the practicalities of metadata creation, dissemination, assessment, maintenance, and use for diverse scenarios and usage contexts. Ontology has emerged recently as a knowledge representation infrastructure for the provision of shared semantics to metadata, which essentially forms the basis of the vision of the Semantic Web. The combination of metadata description techniques and ontology engineering defines a new landscape for information engineering with specific challenges and promising applications, which requires a truly multi-disciplinary approach. This paper is intended to provide some basic insights for the endeavour of engineering systems based on metadata, semantics, and ontologies, and to foster the interaction of researchers with different backgrounds coming from diverse disciplines.
Immediate mobilisation in acute vein thrombosis reduces post-thrombotic syndrome.

AIM To investigate the effect of compression and immediate ambulation in the acute stage of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on the development of postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). METHODS DESIGN follow-up study of patients who previously have been enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. SETTING outpatient department of a municipial hospital. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTIONS a follow-up was performed 2 years after 53 patients with acute proximal DVT had been enrolled into a randomized controlled trial, comparing bed rest and no compression (n=17), Unna boot bandages plus walking (n=18) and compression stockings plus walking (n=18). Telephone interviews could be conducted with 11 patients, 37 patients could be reinvestigated by independent observers (11 from the bed-rest group, 13 from the bandage group and 13 from the stocking group). Compression stockings up to the time of the follow-up were worn by 8/11 (73%) of the bed-rest patients and by 13/26 (50%) of the mobile patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES clinical and venous duplex investigation, pain assessment using visual analogue scale and Lowenberg test, leg circumference, clinical ''PTS-score'' combining 5 subjective symptoms with 6 objective signs (Villalta-Prandoni-scale). RESULTS Duplex investigation of the deep veins and pain assessment by visual analogue scale showed no significant differences between the groups. Nine out of 11 patients after bed rest, but only 16/26 in the mobile groups showed a larger calf circumference on the diseased leg (n.s.). Judged by the Villalta-Prandoni-scale a significantly better outcome could be found in the mobile group (mean score 5.1) than in the bed-rest group (mean score 8.2), (p<0.01). (''Mild PTS'' = score 5-14, ''severe PTS'' score = or > 15). Eighteen out of 26 mobile patients, but only 2/11 bed-rest patients had a score = or < 5 (''no PTS''). CONCLUSIONS Immediate mobilisation with compression in the acute stage of DVT reduces the incidence and the severity of PTS.
ranscriptional Signals of T-cell and Corticosteroid-sensitive enes Are Associated With Future Acute Cellular ejection in Cardiac Allografts

U R 4 C T j ranscriptional Signals of T-cell and Corticosteroid-sensitive enes Are Associated With Future Acute Cellular ejection in Cardiac Allografts andeep R. Mehra, MD, Jon A. Kobashigawa, MD, Mario C. Deng, MD, Kenneth C. Fang, MD, od M. Klingler, PhD, Preeti G. Lal, PhD, Steven Rosenberg, PhD, Patricia A. Uber, PharmD, andall C. Starling, MD, Srinivas Murali, MD, Daniel F. Pauly, MD, Russell Dedrick, PhD, ichael G. Walker, PhD, Adriana Zeevi, PhD, and Howard J. Eisen, MD, for the CARGO Investigators
Independence of Anaplasma marginale Strains with High and Low Transmission Efficiencies in the Tick Vector following Simultaneous Acquisition by Feeding on a Superinfected Mammalian Reservoir Host

ABSTRACT Strain superinfection occurs when a second pathogen strain infects a host already carrying a primary strain. Anaplasma marginale superinfection occurs when the second strain carries a variant repertoire different from that of the primary strain, and the epidemiologic consequences depend on the relative efficiencies of tick-borne transmission of the two strains. Following strain superinfection in the reservoir host, we tested whether the presence of two A. marginale (sensu lato) strains that differed in transmission efficiency altered the transmission phenotypes in comparison to those for single-strain infections. Dermacentor andersoni ticks were fed on animals superinfected with the Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale vaccine strain (low transmission efficiency) and the A. marginale St. Maries strain (high transmission efficiency). Within ticks that acquired both strains, the St. Maries strain had a competitive advantage and replicated to significantly higher levels than the vaccine strain. The St. Maries strain was subsequently transmitted to naïve hosts by ticks previously fed either on superinfected animals or on animals singly infected with the St. Maries strain, consistent with the predicted transmission phenotype of this strain and the lack of interference due to the presence of a competing low-efficiency strain. The vaccine strain was not transmitted by either singly infected or coinfected ticks, consistent with the predicted transmission phenotype and the lack of enhancement due to the presence of a high-efficiency strain. These results support the idea that the strain predominance in regions of endemicity is mediated by the intrinsic transmission efficiency of specific strains regardless of occurrence of superinfection.
Crystal structure of a histidine kinase sensor domain with similarity to periplasmic binding proteins

Histidine kinase receptors are elements of the two-component signal transduction systems commonly found in bacteria and lower eukaryotes, where they are crucial for environmental adaption through the coupling of extracellular changes to intracellular responses. The typical two-component system consists of a membrane-spanning histidine kinase sensor and a cytoplasmic response regulator. In the calssic system, extracellular signals such as small molecule ligands and ions are detected by the periplasmic sensor domain of the histidine kinase receptor, which modulates the catalytic activity of the cytoplasmic histidine kinase domain and promotes ATP-dependent autophosphorylation of a conserved histidine residue. G. sulfurreducens genomic DNA was used.
A hybrid hiding encryption algorithm (HHEA) for data communication security

In this report, we present an encryption algorithm that can be used for hardware-implemented applications to secure data communications, this encryption algorithm is based on hiding a number of bits from plain text message into a random vector of bits, the locations of the hidden bits are determined by a key known to the sender and receiver, we call this algorithm hybrid hiding encryption algorithm (HHEA). The name demonstrates the two basic operations of this algorithm, these operations include inserting part of the plaintext bits into a cover to hide it from recognition, that is, there are no conventional operations on the ciphered text, just plain hiding in a random bit string, the name hybrid is used to show that the algorithm has built-in features that are inherited from data hiding techniques or steganography
Cessation of alcohol drinking and risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx

A strong, dose‐dependent association exists between alcohol consumption and risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. The impact on risk of temporal aspects of drinking habits has been inadequately evaluated. Our case‐control study included 754 individuals with incident cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (median age 57) and 1,775 controls (median age 57) in the hospital for acute, non‐neoplastic diseases who were interviewed in 2 Italian areas and in the Swiss Canton of Vaud between 1992 and 1997. The questionnaire included lifetime drinking and smoking habits. No influence of age at starting or duration of alcohol drinking was found. Risk increased substantially with the increase of weekly alcoholic drinks [Odds Ratios (OR) for ≥ 91 drinks/week vs. never drinkers = 11.6]. Risk in former compared with current drinkers was 1.9‐fold elevated. However, among individuals who had also stopped smoking, former drinkers showed lower ORs than current drinkers. The persistence of risk elevation several years after drinking cessation suggests that the role of alcohol is complex and it probably affects more than one stage of oral carcinogenesis. It remains to be clarified which impact prevention‐driven drinking cessation may have on the excess of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx due to elevated alcohol intake. Int. J. Cancer 85:787–790, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exporte und Produktivität in Industriebetrieben - Niedersachsen im interregionalen und internationalen Vergleich

Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass exportierende niedersachsische Industriebetriebe produktiver als vergleichbare nicht exportierende Betriebe sind, wobei diese Unterschiede bereits vor dem Exportstart bestehen (also eine Selbstselektion der produktiveren Betriebe auf Exportmarkte stattfindet), wahrend es fur Lerneffekte im Zusammenhang mit Exportaktivitaten und daraus folgendem hoherem Produktivitatswachstum in exportierenden Betrieben keine Evidenz gibt. Mit neu verfugbaren Paneldaten fur deutsche Industriebetriebe und auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse einer neuen international vergleichenden Studie zeigt dieser Beitrag, dass die Produktivitatspramie in Niedersachsen so hoch wie im Durchschnitt fur den Rest von Westdeutschland, aber hoher als fur Ostdeutschland ist. Niedersachsen nimmt im internationalen Vergleich damit einen Mittelplatz unter den hier betrachteten Landern ein. Ein interregionaler bzw. internationaler Vergleich der Grosenordnungen der Selektions- und Lerneffekte ist hier allerdings nicht moglich. Zwar zeigt eine Gegenuberstellung der Ergebnisse fur Niedersachsen mit denen fur das ubrige West- bzw. fur Ostdeutschland und mit den ubrigen EU-Landern in den meisten Fallen ein Bild ahnlich wie fur Niedersachsen, aber die Gruppen der Starter umfassen dabei in der Regel nur wenige Firmen, und die geschatzten Koeffizienten sind sehr haufig statistisch insignifikant, so dass ein quantitativer Vergleich nicht moglich ist.
PROJECTION OF THE SPACE (m) ON ITS SUBSPACE (co)

In a paper in the Duke Journal, A. E. Taylor remarks that it is an open question whether or not there exists a projection of the space (m)y of bounded sequences, on its subspace (c0), the space of sequences convergent to 0. In this note we make a few remarks which supplement those of Taylor on this question, and we point out that a negative answer follows from a recent result of R. S. Phillips, so that the question is now settled. Taylor shows that if a projection of the space (c), of convergent sequences, on the space (co) exists, it must be of norm greater than or equal to 2. This implies the same result for (m) on (co), since any projection of (m) on (co) would be in particular a projection of (c) on (co). The space (c) is essentially of dimension only one greater than that of its subspace (co). This follows since (c) is obviously the set of all elements of the form x = x ( 0 ) + / X i , where Xi= (1, 1, • • • ), x (0 £(co), and t is a number. If x~ {xi} is any element of (c), the linear functional a(x) = / = limnH.oo xn is of norm 1, and vanishes on the subspace (co). Now it is a remark of Bohnenblust that for any subspace of a normed linear space L defined by the vanishing of a fixed linear functional on L, there exist projections of norm less than or equal to 2 + e, for arbitrary e>0 . Consequently there are projections of (c) on (co) of norm less than or equal to 2 + €. There are projections of (c) on (̂ o) which are of norm exactly 2, as may be seen as follows. If x— (x+tXi)£. (c), the general form of a projection of (c) on (c0) is
Transient ectopic expression of the histone demethylase JMJD3 accelerates the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells

Harnessing epigenetic regulation is crucial for the efficient and proper differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into desired cell types. Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) functions as a barrier against cell differentiation through the suppression of developmental gene expression in PSCs. Here, we have generated human PSC (hPSC) lines in which genome-wide reduction of H3K27me3 can be induced by ectopic expression of the catalytic domain of the histone demethylase JMJD3 (called JMJD3c). We found that transient, forced demethylation of H3K27me3 alone triggers the upregulation of mesoendodermal genes, even when the culture conditions for the hPSCs are not changed. Furthermore, transient and forced expression of JMJD3c followed by the forced expression of lineage-defining transcription factors enabled the hPSCs to activate tissue-specific genes directly. We have also shown that the introduction of JMJD3c facilitates the differentiation of hPSCs into functional hepatic cells and skeletal muscle cells. These results suggest the utility of the direct manipulation of epigenomes for generating desired cell types from hPSCs for cell transplantation therapy and platforms for drug screenings. Summary: Forced expression of the catalytic domain of JMJD3 together with lineage-defining transcription factors can dramatically accelerate the differentiation of human PSCs.
Externalities and Taxation of Supplemental Insurance: A Study of Medicare and Medigap

Most health insurance uses cost-sharing to reduce excess utilization. Supplemental insurance can blunt the impact of this cost-sharing, increasing utilization and exerting a negative externality on the primary insurer. This paper estimates the effect of private Medigap supplemental insurance on public Medicare spending using Medigap premium discontinuities in local medical markets that span state boundaries. Using administrative data on the universe of Medicare beneficiaries, we estimate that Medigap increases an individual's Medicare spending by 22.2 percent. We calculate that a 15 percent tax on Medigap premiums generates savings of $12.9 billion annually with a standard error of $4.9 billion.
Acute melatonin treatment alters dendritic morphology and circadian clock gene expression in the hippocampus of Siberian Hamsters

In the hippocampus of Siberian hamsters, dendritic length and dendritic complexity increase in the CA1 region whereas dendritic spine density decreases in the dentate gyrus region at night. However, the underlying mechanism of the diurnal rhythmicity in hippocampal neuronal remodeling is unknown. In mammals, most daily rhythms in physiology and behaviors are regulated by a network of circadian clocks. The central clock, located in the hypothalamus, controls melatonin secretion at night and melatonin modifies peripheral clocks by altering expression of circadian clock genes. In this study, we examined the effects of acute melatonin treatment on the circadian clock system as well as on morphological changes of hippocampal neurons. Male Siberian hamsters were injected with melatonin in the afternoon; 4 h later, mRNA levels of hypothalamic and hippocampal circadian clock genes and hippocampal neuron dendritic morphology were assessed. In the hypothalamus, melatonin treatment did not alter Period1 and Bmal1 expression. However, melatonin treatment increased both Period1 and Bmal1 expression in the hippocampus, suggesting that melatonin affected molecular oscillations in the hippocampus. Melatonin treatment also induced rapid remodeling of hippocampal neurons; melatonin increased apical dendritic length and dendritic complexity in the CA1 region and reduced the dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus region. These data suggest that structural changes in hippocampal neurons are regulated by a circadian clock and that melatonin functions as a nighttime signal to coordinate the diurnal rhythm in neuronal remodeling. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.