Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of the kinin-kallikrein system in the vasodilator action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on the systemic resistance and capacitance vessels of dogs.

We investigated the vasodilator effects of captopril (CAP) on the systemic capacitance and resistance vessels by measuring changes in the mean circulatory pressure (MCP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) that occurred in response to the intravenous injection of CAP (1 mg/kg) in open-chest dogs. The following five groups of dogs received CAP: (1) Group of untreated dogs, (2) TSA Group in which the dogs were subjected to total spinal anesthesia (TSA), (3) Ang II Group in which the dogs received a continuous intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II), (4) APR + Ang II Group in which the dogs received a continuous intravenous infusion of Ang II after pretreatment with aprotinin (APR, 25,000 K.I.E.), a kallikrein inhibitor, and (5) IND + APR + Ang II Group in which the dogs received a continuous intravenous infusion of Ang II after pretreatment with indomethacin (IND, 5 mg/kg), a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, and APR. 1) CAP significantly decreased TPR and MCP in the untreated Group. 2) CAP significantly decreased TPR and MCP in the TSA Group. There were no significant differences in percentage change of TPR (% delta TPR) and percentage change of MCP (% delta MCP) between the untreated and TSA Groups. 3) In the Ang II Group, CAP decreased the elevated TPR significantly, but hardly affected the elevated MCP. 4) CAP significantly decreased TPR without significant change in MCP in the APR + Ang II Group. The % delta TPR was significantly smaller in this Group than in the Ang II Group. 5) CAP significantly decreased TPR without significant change in MCP in the IND + APR + Ang II Group. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Joint optimal sizing and placement of renewable distributed generation and energy storage for energy loss minimization

Large integration of renewable distributed generation (RDG) and energy storage (ES) in distribution networks provides an opportunity for energy loss minimization. This paper proposes a method for joint optimum allocation of RDG and distributed ES for energy loss minimization. The main contribution of the paper is formulation of probabilistic generation model and ES model to perform a combined optimization. Also, it presents integration of generation model, storage model, and load model into an optimal power flow to obtain loss minimization. A highly competitive algorithm called Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is implemented to solve the nonlinear constrained optimization. The results are also compared with other heuristic algorithms, i.e., Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm (SOS) and Firefly Algorithm (FFA). Two cases studies for joint optimal sizing and placement of RDG (i.e., solar RDG-ES and wind RDG-ES) are presented. Here, a 34-bus test system is used and optimizations are carried out in M ATLAS®
Descriptive epidemiology and survival analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the united states

Population‐based incidence data on nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program in the United States were examined for the years 1973–1986. The 1,645 cases showed incidence rates varying according to ethnic origin, with Chinese having the highest, followed by Filipinos, Blacks and Whites. In females the incidence was about half of that seen in males, in each of these groups. There was no evidence of changes in incidence rates during the study period. An analysis of survival with NPC was undertaken using hazard function regression models to allow for control of multiple variables. Survival was found to be independently influenced by age and stage at diagnosis, histologic type, grade and sex. Significant ethnic differences in survival remained after adjustment for these factors, with Chinese surviving longest followed by Filipinos, Whites and Blacks. These differences in survival remained after control for the variation in population‐wide mortality rates associated with age, ethnicity, sex and calendar year. We present evidence that survival has improved for this disease over time. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TEMPORAL INTEGRATION AND COCHLEAR BEARING LOSS

The effect of off-frequency energy on temporal integration measurements was investigated. Temporal integration functions for unfiltered and high pass filtered sinusoids of 20 and 200 msec duration and 1 msec rise-fall times were obtained from 4 normal hearing subjects and 4 subjects with high frequency, cochlear hearing impairments. Independent OF filtering, normal hearing subjects produced integration functions that were similar to those shown by other research. All four hearing impaired subjects showed abnormal temporal integration in the unfiltered condition. When forced to listen on-frequency, two of the hearing impaired subjects demonstrated normal temporal integration. It was concluded that off-frequency energy can confound the measurement of temporal integration.
Molecular interaction of zp3 to zp3r reveals a cross-species fertilization mechanism

Objective: To evaluate the role of ZP3R in the species-specific fertilization mechanism. Methods: ZP3/ZP3R protein sequences of Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Cavia porcellus were downloaded from UNIPROT. Percentage of amino acids that was calculated by using the SIAS program. Protein sequences modeled was established by using the Modeller 9.14 program and glycosylation of the ZP3 using GlyProt program. Docking simulation of the ZP3R-ZP3 was performed between the same species and different species with PatchDock program. Results: Comparison of the ZP3R and ZP3 structure between species showed that ZP3 in these three species was more similar than ZP3R. Docking simulations of protein showed that changes in the pattern of the ZP3-ZP3R domain for interaction on cross-species compared to the same species. Changes in the pattern of binding ZP3R-ZP3 made sperm- egg binding was not functional and could inhibit cross-fertilization. Conclusions: ZP3R-ZP3 interaction is species-specific, and the role of ZP3R is greater than ZP3 in determining the species-specific recognition stage and sperm-egg binding.
Characterization of antigen receptor response elements within the interleukin-2 enhancer

T-cell activation and induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression in human T lymphocytes require both interaction of foreign antigen with the T-cell antigen receptor and protein kinase C (PKC) stimulation. Agents such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) that stimulate PKC augment the effects of antigen but are not sufficient for IL-2 activation. By analysis of deletion mutants, we identified three DNA sequences extending from -73 to -89, -217 to -255, and -263 to -279, designated IL-2 sites A, D, and E, respectively, that are required for maximal induction of IL-2 expression. One of these regions, site E, interacted with a protein (NF-IL-2E) present only in the nuclei of cells which have been stimulated. The other two sequences interacted with a protein (NF-IL-2A) that is constitutively expressed in T cells. When multiple tandem copies of either the E site or the A site were placed upstream of the gamma-fibrinogen promoter, they activated expression via this promoter in response to signals initiated at the antigen receptor but not following PMA stimulation. For this reason, we denoted them antigen receptor response elements. The uncoupling of antigen receptor and PKC requirements in these studies indicates that these signal pathways are, at least in part, distinct and integrated at the level of the gene.
Purification and characterization of an enzymically active cleavage product of pig kidney aldehyde reductase.

During the purification of pig kidney aldehyde reductase by an established procedure [Flynn, Cromlish & Davidson (1982) Methods Enzymol. 89, 501-506] a second enzyme with aldehyde reductase activity may be purified. When the procedure was performed in the presence of 5 mM-EDTA, only traces of the second reductase, pig kidney aldehyde reductase (minor form), were present. By the criterion of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, pig kidney aldehyde reductase (minor form) had Mr 35 000, in comparison with Mr 40 200 found for pig kidney aldehyde reductase. Amino acid analysis of both enzymes and tryptic-peptide-map comparisons indicated differences in primary structure. The N-terminus of pig kidney aldehyde reductase (minor form) had the sequence Lys-Val-Leu, in contrast with the blocked (acetylated) N-terminus of pig kidney aldehyde reductase. The C-terminal sequence of both enzymes was the same. Both reductases were immunologically identical by double immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Pig kidney aldehyde reductase (minor form) had 50% of the specific activity of pig kidney aldehyde reductase when tested with a variety of aldehyde substrates. Michaelis constants of both enzymes for these substrates and for NADPH were similar, but values for kcat. and kcat. /Km indicated that catalytically pig kidney aldehyde reductase was the more efficient enzyme. Typical aldehyde reductase inhibitors, such as phenobarbital and sodium valproate, had the same effect on both enzymes. It was concluded that pig kidney aldehyde reductase (minor form) is an enzymically active cleavage product of pig kidney aldehyde reductase which is formed when the latter is purified in the absence of the metalloproteinase inhibitor EDTA.
Maximum Power Point Tracking of Micro PV Systems under Non-Uniform Insolation

Conventional large photovoltaic (PV) array consists of several PV modules which are series-connected firstly then connected in parallel. PV system with the conventional large PV array is complicated and the efficiency of the output power is low. In older to overcome the above disadvantages, this paper proposes a micro PV system structure, which three PV modules connected only in series and provide an output power of nearly 180 watts. An algorithm for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of the micro PV system using Fibonacci sequence is proposed which is based on the improved research on the characteristics of the proposed PV system under non-uniform insolation condition. The effectiveness of the proposed system is investigated and confirmed by simulation results at the end of this paper.
Enantioselective Synthesis and in Vivo Evaluation of Regioisomeric Analogues of the Antimalarial Arterolane

We describe the first systematic study of antimalarial 1,2,4-trioxolanes bearing a substitution pattern regioisomeric to that of arterolane. Conformational analysis suggested that trans-3″-substituted trioxolanes would exhibit Fe(II) reactivity and antiparasitic activity similar to that achieved with canonical cis-4″ substitution. The chiral 3″ analogues were prepared as single stereoisomers and evaluated alongside their 4″ congeners against cultured malaria parasites and in a murine malaria model. As predicted, the trans-3″ analogues exhibited in vitro antiplasmodial activity remarkably similar to that of their cis-4″ comparators. In contrast, efficacy in the Plasmodium berghei mouse model differed dramatically for some of the congeneric pairs. The best of the novel 3″ analogues (e.g., 12i) outperformed arterolane itself, producing cures in mice after a single oral exposure. Overall, this study suggests new avenues for modulating Fe(II) reactivity and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of 1,2,4-trioxolane antimalarials.
Direct photo emission monitoring for high power IGBT during avalanche operation

This paper proposes a direct photo emission monitoring during avalanche operations for power devices using a streak camera. IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) are very important power devices and IGBTs have been developed to improve trade-off relation between on-state losses and switching losses. And also a reliability enhancement of IGBTs is very important issue. To obtain reliability enhancement, it is important to investigate an avalanche phenomenon of IGBTs, directly. During avalanche operation, it is well known that visible light is emitted from the device. This is the first study to succeed in observing the photo emission directly from avalanche phenomena under UIS (Unclamped Inductive Switching) condition of IGBTs. We have also measured moving the emission region in edge termination area.
Transfer of spectral weight in an exactly solvable model of strongly correlated electrons in infinite dimensions.

We study the simplest nontrivial model that describes a basic feature of strongly correlated systems, namely, the transfer of spectral weight between high- and low-energy excitations. We use the limit of infinite dimensions to calculate exactly the corresponding single-particle and optical-conductivity spectra. We comment on the relevance of these results to a recently proposed scenario for the breakdown of Fermi-liquid theory in strongly correlated metals.
Artificial emotional intelligence under ethical constraints in formulating social agent behaviour

Social agent simulations are typically highly dynamic and complex multi-agent based models. Different methodologies exist to enable computer models to accomplish agent collaboration. Reputation models emerge as promising methods to control the communication framework between social agents. In this study we evaluate the social behaviour of agents guided by simulated awareness of self and others, where ethical constraints, stress avoidance and emotional interference play a role in the decision making process. A multi-agent based graph colouring model is formulated and extended to enable the social paradigm. Experiments using standard sets present an application neutral platform in order to study the effects of conscience decision making of the social agents on problem convergence when solving the graph colouring problem.
Different antigens trigger different Th1/Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to T‐bet/GATA‐3 expression

Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor Th1 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different Th1/Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed Th1/Th2 reactions as demonstrated by IL‐4/IFNγ production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors T‐bet/GATA‐3 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that VZV induced a dramatic increase of IFNγ production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas VZV did not drive CBMC to release significant IFNγ production (1614.7±362.0 vs. 49.0±29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher IFNγ production by CBMC than VZV (298.1±171.8 vs. 49.0±29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, VZV did not induce significant IL‐4 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative IL‐4 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58±0.84 vs. 2.04±0.37, p>0.05). A real‐time RT‐PCR analysis of IL‐4 and IFNγ mRNA expression showed that VZV induced a significantly higher IFNγ, but not IL‐4, mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of IFNγ or IL‐4 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. VZV enhanced Th1‐related transcription factor T‐bet mRNA expression, in association with later down‐regulation of Th2‐related GATA‐3 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, VZV did not up‐regulate T‐bet or down‐regulate GATA‐3 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early GATA‐3 expression and later T‐bet expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various Th1/Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of T‐bet/GATA‐3 expression.
Sociophonetic Realizations Guide Subsequent Lexical Access

Previous studies on spoken word recognition suggest that lexical access is facilitated when social information attributed to the voice is congruent with the social characteristics associated with the word. This paper builds on this work, presenting results from a lexical decision task in which target words associated with different age groups were preceded by sociophonetic primes. No age-related phonetic cues were provided within the target words; instead, the non-related prime words contained a sociophonetic variable involved in ongoing change. We found that age-associated words are recognized faster when preceded by an age-congruent phonetic variant in the prime word. The results demonstrate that lexical access is influenced by sociophonetic variation, a result which we argue arises from experience-based probabilities of covariation between sounds and words.
EARLY INTERVENTIONS FOR PTSD: A REVIEW

The high prevalence of trauma exposure and subsequent negative consequences for both survivors and society as a whole emphasize the need for secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder. However, clinicians and relief workers remain limited in their ability to intervene effectively in the aftermath of trauma and alleviate traumatic stress reactions that can lead to chronic PTSD. The scientific literature on early intervention for PTSD is reviewed, including early studies on psychological debriefing, pharmacological, and psychosocial interventions aimed at preventing chronic PTSD. Studies on fear extinction and memory consolidation are discussed in relation to PTSD prevention and the potential importance of immediate versus delayed intervention approaches and genetic predictors are briefly reviewed. Preliminary results from a modified prolonged exposure intervention applied within hours of trauma exposure in an emergency room setting are discussed, along with considerations related to intervention reach and overall population impact. Suggestions for future research are included. Prevention of PTSD, although currently not yet a reality, remains an exciting and hopeful possibility with current research approaches translating work from the laboratory to the clinic.
Distributed Data Mining Framework for Cloud Service

The article describes the data mining framework for building a cloud service. The framework can use different distributed execution environments. The article describes the mapping of a data mining algorithm (decomposed into functional blocks) on the set of distributed handlers. These handlers may be implemented as threads, actors and others. In addition, it describes the approach for creation of cloud service which uses this framework. As an example, it describes the experiments and comparison with other data mining systems for classification algorithm 1R.
Parenting stress in US families: implications for paediatric healthcare utilization.

OBJECTIVE According to family stress models, parental responses to stress disrupt interactions between parent and child and may lead to parental inability to seek timely medical care for their child. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the relationship between high parenting stress and child healthcare utilization. METHODS We used the 2003-2004 National Survey of Children's Health to determine the prevalence of parenting stress in US families and associated socio-demographic variables. We used weighted logistic regression to investigate associations between parenting stress and healthcare utilization, controlling for other parental psychosocial and socio-demographic variables. The primary independent variables were parenting stress, parental mental health, parental coping and social support. The main dependent variables were emergency care, sick visits to primary care and preventive care in the past 12 months. RESULTS Nationally, 13% of children lived in households with at least one parent experiencing high parenting stress. Socio-demographic variables associated with the highest odds of parenting stress included Black race, special needs status and non-English primary language. Parents with high parenting stress had a higher odds (adjusted odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.41) of seeking emergency care for their children compared with parents with low parenting stress, controlling for other parental psychosocial factors and socio-demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS Having a parent who is experiencing high parenting stress is associated with greater utilization of paediatric emergency care. Interventions targeted at parenting stress may provide families with needed support and reduce unnecessary emergency care utilization.
The Structure of the Olfactory Mucous Membrane.

I. THE EPITHELIAL CELLS. SINCE Max Schultze first described two forms of epithelial cell as occurring in the olfactory region of the nasal mucous membrane, and divided them into the two classes of epithelial or supporting cells, and olfactory or special sensory cells, most subsequent observers have confirmed him on every essential point. Recently, however, Exnerl has denied the distinctness of the two forms of cell described by Max Schultze, and maintained that they gradually shade off into one another, numerous transitional forms being found between them. The following notes are based on observations which I have not been able as yet to carry on to a systematic conclusion, but which, so far as they go, lead me to confirm decidedly theanatomical distinctness of the two forms of cells described by Max Schultze, whilst, at the same time, they verify in very many points the accuracy of Exner's descriptions. The animals with which I have principally worked are the newt and the dog, but I have 'also employed the frog, rabbit, guinea-pig, and rat.
Torque ripple alleviation of a radial magnetic gearbox using step skewing approach

Recently, magnetic gearboxes (MGBs) are serious contenders to their conventional mechanical counterparts in terms of reduced maintenance requirements, improved reliability, tolerance to mechanical inaccuracies, and inherent overload protection. MGBs are preferably employed in high speed applications and compact harsh environments. One of the challenging design aspects of MGBs is the proper selection of the combination of the number of pole-pairs of both inner and outer rotors, yielding specific gear ratios, to minimize cogging torque magnitude. For any general desired gear ratio, the torque ripple magnitude may be unacceptable. Since MGBs generally belongs to permanent magnet (PM) machines family, the same techniques for torque ripple mitigation can be employed. This paper introduces a new technique for torque ripple reduction in MGB based on step skew technique. In the proposed technique, the MGB is divided into two equal parts along its stack length and the optimum skew angle between the two parts is determined for minimum torque ripple. A conventional 14/4 MGB, which is normally results in a significant cogging torque magnitude, is designed and simulated using 3D finite-element analysis (FEA) for different skew angles. Based on the simulation results, the required optimum skew angle that optimizes torque transmission while minimizes the corresponding cogging torque is recognized.
The Association of Objectively Determined Physical Activity Behavior Among Adolescent Female Friends

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which physical activity among adolescent female friends is interdependent. The participants were 318 adolescent girls with a mean age of 16.0 years (range: 15–18 years). Pedometry was used to assess physical activity over 4 days. The relationship between an individual girl and her first-nominated reciprocal friend's physical activity level was moderate (r = 0.45, 90% confidence interval = 0.31, 0.56), when the friendship was nonreciprocal it was trivial (r = -.06, 90% confidence interval = -.36. .25). Friends' physical activity levels explained between 27% and 32% of an individual's pedometer-determined physical activity level. Reciprocity of friendship is an important variable to consider when understanding the relationship between adolescent female friends' physical activity. When friendships are reciprocal, there is a stronger relationship between friends' physical activity.