Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting Jobs in Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Situations

This Jobs Solutions Note identifies practical solutions for development practitioners and policymakers to design and implement policies and programs that improve jobs outcomes for in FCV contexts. Based on curated knowledge and evidence for a specific topic and relevant to jobs, the Jobs Solutions Notes are not intended to be exhaustive; they provide key lessons, solutions and approaches synthesized from the experiences of the World Bank Group and partners. This Note draws in part on the Integrated Framework for Jobs in Fragile and Conflict Situations and Generating employment in poor and fragile states: Evidence from labor market and entrepreneurship programs.
Towards a Cooperative Agent for Human-Agent Interaction for Geometry Friends

Cooperative Artiﬁcial Intelligence (AI) in Human-Agent interaction is a complex but interesting subject that has not yet reached the necessary behavior to be considered satisfactory. In this document, we present how we achieved our goal of creating an artiﬁcial players capable of effectively solving Geometry Friends levels, using a promising previous approach, that uses the Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees (RRT). Starting on this solution, we developed our agents by adding new strategies to the algorithm, replanning, and a new controller. When our agents proved capable of solving single-player levels a step was taken towards an initial approach for cooperation with human players. Our ﬁnal solution is a pair of agents that can not only solve most of the presented challenges of single-player levels, with some current limitations, but also play with human players in simple cooperation levels. After a user testing session, the most human players afﬁrmed the experience was positive and that our agents presented capabilities of cooperation and adaptation.
Assessment of digital image analyses for use in wildlife research

Abstract Due to the decreased cost and increased availability of digital camera technology, digital image analyses are rapidly replacing traditional caliper-based approaches to wildlife morphometry. The substitution of image-based measurement methods over those utilizing calipers is based on the assumption that both methods are comparable with respect to accuracy, precision, time required and inter-observer variation, yet this hypothesis has not been explicitly tested. In this article, we evaluate these aspects of each method using three life stages of the marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum. We found that digital image-based measurements were significantly more accurate, faster to obtain, and resulted in reduced inter-observer measurement variation relative to caliper measurements, yet the former was associated with reduced precision among repeated measurements relative to the latter. Based on our observations, we recommend that digital image-based measurements represent a useful alternative to caliper measurements and are particularly useful for organisms that pose risks to investigators, normally maintain non-linear body orientations, or cannot easily be removed from their habitat.
Towards a Data-Driven Automation of Customer Support

Customer support is essential for user satisfaction and critical for business. Its automation is a current research challenge. Yet, due to a lack of available data regarding this scenario, academic research has been mainly focused on community support, which is different from the typical customer support, where human agents are paid to give support to clients under a standardized language style. In this work, we analyse how retrievaland generative-based deep learning models behave in a customer support scenario via email. Also, in an attempt to unify both approaches, we develop a simple hybrid model and a Generative Adversarial Network to jointly train both approaches. Our results suggest that a generative approach, based on a Sequence-to-Sequence model with attention, might be more suitable than a more complex retrieval-based approach. In addition, our human evaluation suggests that combining generation with retrieved answers (our hybrid approach), can improve the final answer quality.
USE OF STATISTICAL METHODS IN DETECT- ING ACCOUNTING ENGINEERING ACTIVI- TIES (AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN POLAND) – FIRST PART: THEO- RETICAL ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS

This article belongs to a series of publications dealing with the author’s original concept of accounting engineering as a modern management paradigm. Some other publications by the author considering the same topic are: (Michalczyk 2005a-d, 2006a-e, 2007a-c, 2008, 2010a-c, 2011a-f, 2012a-e). A tendency to exploit the possibilities created by accounting methods through which economic operations are settled is a mark of modern economic conditions, both in the economies of developed as well as developing countries. This inclination results from the expectation that company managers maximize company profits, which is a goal of economic activity, and the fact that variant solutions in accounting offer new possibilities. If a certain type of activity can be defined in accounting in many different ways, depending on the chosen method of settlement, and if the choice of methods translates into different financial results, then one tends to exploit the possibilities this choice offers and select a method which will help achieve company goals in the most efficient way. These goals are associated with embellishing financial results so that they may act as a positive factor, affecting the value of company shares on the market, contributing to the creation of a positive image of Abstract This article is one in a series of two publications concerning companies’ detection of accounting engineering operations in use. Its conclusions and methods may be applied to external auditing procedures. The aim of the present duo-article is to define a method of statistical analysis that could identify procedures falling within the scope of a framework herein defined as accounting engineering. This model for analysis is meant to be employed in these aspects of initial financial and accounting audit in a business enterprise that have to do with isolating the influence of variant accounting solutions, which are a consequence of the settlement method chosen by the enterprise. Materials for statistical analysis were divided into groups according to the field in which a given company operated. In this article, we accept and elaborate on the premise that significant differences in financial results may be solely a result of either expansive policy on new markets or the acquisition of cheaper sources for operating activities. In the remaining cases, the choice of valuation and settlement methods becomes crucial; the greater the deviations, the more essential this choice becomes. Even though the research materials we analyze are regionally-conditioned, the model may find its application in other accounting systems in the country, provided that it has been appropriately implemented. Furthermore, the article defines an innovative concept of variant accounting.
Thujone in soil under Thuja plicata

Thujone is a toxic monoterpene produced in needles of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) and transferred to the soil with defoliation. Thujone is toxic at relatively low levels to a wide range of organisms. This study was conducted to determine whether thujone could be detected in the soil in a western red cedar stand in Denmark. Western red cedar needles and soil samples from the organic and mineral soil underneath were collected in Lille Bøgeskov forest near Sorø in Denmark. Thujone was extracted from the samples by steam distillation, followed by liquid–liquid extraction into hexane, and determined by gas chromatography. Needles sampled from a western red cedar tree at four heights between 1.9 and 17.8 m had concentrations of thujone in the range 2220–6550 mg kg−1 dry weight. The thujone content in the organic soil layer was in the range 170–1200 mg kg−1 dry weight, whereas only 1.2–3.0 μg kg−1 was found in the upper 2 cm of the mineral soil. The high amounts of thujone present in the forest floor may therefore have a significant effect on organisms in soils and fresh water streams in a western red cedar forest.
State dependent superparasitism in a solitary parasitoid: egg load and survival

In solitary parasitoids, luperparasitism (the allocation of an egg to an already parasitized host) has a payoff, measured in offspring produced and costs, measured in eggs and time invested. Solitary parasitoids that are capable of host discrimination must adopt the strategy that ensures the best use of both their egg load and available lifetime. In this paper, we develop a statedependent model denning the optimal strategy of superparasitism for a solitary parasitoid species with overlapping generations. The fitness measure we use is based on the growth rate of the number of genotype copies. The model predicts that the tendency to superparasitize should increase as the egg load of the parasitoid increases, or as its life expectancy decreases. The model also predicts that under particular conditions wasps should show partial preferences for parasitized hosts. These predictions were tested with the parasitoid Vmturia cantsctns (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae). The tendency of the wasps to superparasitize in the presence of both healthy and parasitized hosts was correlated to egg load and access to food before the experiment A complementary experiment, where parasitized hosts were given sequentially to parasitoids, showed that V cantsctns exhibits partial preferences toward superparasitism. These experimental results and a previous work support the predictions of the model. Kty words: Hymtnoptero, Ichnnimonidae, optimal foraging, partial preference, solitary parasitoids, superparasitism, statedependence, Vtntvria cantsctns. [Behav Ecol 8:226-232 (1997)]
Comparative Study between Experienced and Inexperienced Employees in Technological Changes

This comparative study attempts to find out the differences between experienced and inexperienced employees in the processes and attributions of a technological change management. So these two categories are compared based on technological change model adopted from previous studies in which employees’ human capital influence their adoption and agility for diffusing technological changes. Accordingly, in this paper experienced and inexperienced employees’ human capital, adoption, agility, diffusion and technological change management are compared to each other to realize that who have more capabilities to manage technological changes more satisfactorily. In order to reach this objective, the data collection is carried out among 255 experienced employees and 177 inexperienced employees of 200 IT companies in Pune-India. The respondents are asked for filling the questionnaire surrounding human capital, adoption, agility, diffusion and technological change management to measure their capabilities in each one for implementing technological change process satisfactorily. The collected data is analyzed through independent samples t test via SPSS. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced employees but their human capital. Therefore, it is concluded that both experienced and inexperienced employees’ capabilities are required during technological changes in organizations since their different human capital are complementarity to each other to become more adopted and agile in technology diffusion to implement technological changes satisfactorily.
The effect of humic acids on the natural resistance of the body of broiler chickens and the quality of their meat

The aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of the concentration of humic acids of Reasil Humic Vet feed additive on the increase of the feed bioavailability for poultry and the probability of its negative impact on the safety and marketable characteristics of the final product. Studies were conducted on the basis of the Saratov State Agrarian University in two similar groups of broiler chickens ‘Cobb 500’, 100 heads each. Poultry feeding consisted of the same complete feed, but the drinking water for the broilers of the experimental group was enriched by humates in the amount of 0.5 ml L-1. Based on the data obtained by daily weighing of the poultry and considering the feed intake, a positive trend of the influence of the feed additive on the average daily weight gain and feed conversion per unit of production was noted. The results of slaughter and anatomical cutting of broiler carcasses revealed that metabolic processes were more active in the body of an experimental poultry, reflected in the intensive growth of muscle tissue and fat deposition, which contributed to an increase in the yield of edible parts from carcasses by 9.9%. Studies of composition of broiler blood indicate non-toxicity of the recommended concentration of humates in the feed additive, its stimulation of non-specific resistance of the organism, contributing to the functioning of the immune system and the development of internal organs and, as a consequence, ensuring the safety of the products obtained from them.
High temperature contact treatment of hard seed in Stylosanthes

Samples of hard seed of Stylosanthes humilis, S. hamata, S. scabra and S. viscosa were agitated on high temperature metal plates in order to reduce the hard seed content. The optimum temperature for reduction of hard seed was found to be 140–150°C, with a contact period of 15–30 s, and hard seed content was reduced by up to 70%. Internal seed temperatures generally remained below 70° during this treatment, and there was little loss of viability. As with percussion treatments, imbibition took place through the strophiole, which indicates that break of hard seed occurred by mechanical stresses fracturing the palisade cells at the strophiole. On the basis of this principle of high surface temperatures and brief seed contact, a heated rotating drum was constructed and successfully used to treat bulk quantities of hard seed.
A Smartphone-based Secure Transaction Processing with Smartwatches

According to Statista, that is an online statistics portal, “the total number of smartphone users worldwide is forecast to reach 2.1 billion in 2016 [1]. ” As the population of smartphone users grow fast, threats of smartphone have become increasing greatly. However, people still overlook the importance of smartphone security while focusing on excellent performance, convenience and extensibility. Recently, the targets on security attacks have been moved from desktops to smartphones. Thus, we need new portable devices such as smartwatches in order to enhance smartphone security without harming convenience. In this paper, I propose the method of improving the security on banking transaction process on smartphones using smartwatches.
Variation in rice landraces adapted to the lowlands and hills in Nepal

The landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.) possess wide diversity, which needs to be properly characterized for their use in genetic improvement. Replicated field studies were conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 at two sites in Nepal to determine diversity in 183 landraces of rice adapted to the lowlands and the hills in Nepal. Fourteen improved genotypes were also used for comparison. Thirteen agronomic traits were investigated. Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H) and Simpson's index of diversity (D) were estimated to determine the level of genetic richness among the landraces. The landraces differed significantly for all traits. Except for plant height and maturity, at least one of the landraces compared well with the performance of improved cultivars. A principal component analysis separated the lowland- and hill-adapted landraces into two broad groups.
Effect of Angling Effort on Catch Rate of Wild Salmonids in Streams Stocked with Catchable-Size Trout

Abstract Angler catches of wild salmonids (cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki, rainbow trout O. mykiss, kokanee O. nerka, and bull trout Salvelinus confuentus) changed in direct response to changes in angler effort during two or more years on three of four Oregon streams stocked with rainbow trout. Percentages of wild fish in the catch were highest in the smallest streams (overall range, 3–19%). Increased catchability of wild salmonids may be due to synchronous behavior in the presence of stocked fish, but this was not tested in this study. There are, however, direct links between stocking of legal-size rainbow trout in streams, changes in angler effort, and harvest of wild populations.
Effect of breast massage on breast milk volume and experience on the expression of breast milk among mothers of preterm neonates

Prematurity is a serious and unmet challenge in perinatal health care. The incidence of premature births in India in 2010 was about 13%. As survival rates of preterm infants improve, prime attention is given on the management of nutrition and the mothers are motivated to supply expressed breastmilk to improve the quality of survival. Methods: The study included mothers of preterm neonates who belonged to the 27 to 34 weeks of gestational age. Recruitment to the study was based on breast engorgement screening using a breast engorgement screening scale on the second and the third postnatal day. The study had two groups i.e., experimental and control group, 20 mothers in each group. The 24-hour breast milk volume was measured on the third and fourth postnatal day. Results: The results revealed that there was a remarkable difference in breast milk volume (p = 0.023) and the total duration of manual breast milk expression (p = 0.006) between the experimental and control group and no significant difference in the manual breast milk expression experience between experimental and control group. The study also showed that the parity (p=0.036) and previous breast milk expression (p=0.023) has a significant association with maternal breast milk expression experience. Conclusion: The study concluded that breast massage is effective in increasing the breast milk volume and reducing the total duration of manual expression of breast milk among the mothers of premature neonates.
Uso do Implante Visível de Elastômero Fluorescente (IVE) para marcação de lagartos Phyllopezus pollicaris (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae)

Esse estudo teve como objetivo relatar o uso do Implante Visivel de Elastomero Fluorescente (IVE) e sua eficiencia na marcacao de lagartos Phyllopezus pollicaris em uma area de caatinga no Nordeste do Brasil. A marcacao dos individuos foi realizada durante os meses de abril a setembro de 2012. Quarenta individuos foram marcados na regiao dorsal com as cores fluorescentes: vermelho, amarelo, verde e laranja. Vinte lagartos foram recapturados e apresentaram uma boa retencao do elastomero. Apenas dois especimes apresentam suas marcacoes um pouco fragmentadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a utilizacao de IVE para marcacao e recaptura de lagartos foi eficiente devido a alta taxa de retencao nos individuos recapturados e baixa taxa de fragmentacao das marcacoes.
The Influence of New Product Launch Strategy on Bank’s Profitability

The study examined the influence of new product launch strategy on bank’s profitability, focusing on HFC bank, Cape Coast. Descriptive research design was used. The census method was used to capture all the 23 staff while the random number method of simple random sampling procedure was used to select 57 premium customers. Data were collected using questionnaire. The data were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The study established that the new product launch strategies of the bank and its service quality relate positively to the bank’s profitability. However, new product launch strategies alone do not strongly predict the bank’s high profitability. It does so only if staff and customers perceive the products and services provided by the bank in positive terms. It is, therefore, recommended that management should ensure that the bank’s product launch strategies are improved to increase its customer base.
Genetic differences between two sympatric morphs of Arctic charr confirmed by microsatellite DNA

Significant genetic differences (FST = 0·032) were found between littoral and profundal morphs of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from Fjellfrosvatn, northern Norway, using microsatellite DNA analysis. The morphs had strong reproductive isolation in time and space; the segregation of a separate profundal morph is rare in postglacial lakes.
Effect of Extracts from Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus sajor caju Mushrooms and Anas platyrhyncha Egg Shell Membrane on Preservation of Fresh Meat

Keeping food longer and safe in its natural state for human consumption is important to avoid disease, waste and scarcity. The preservation potentials of methanolic extracts of the mushrooms Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), Pleurotus sajor-caju and aqueous extract of duck (Anas platyrhyncha) egg shell membranes was examined for meat inoculated with three species of bacteria; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 20971), and Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028). Buffered saline wash from the meat inoculated with the bacteria species and treated with the extracts were evaluated for microbial load (Log) reduction. All three extracts significantly (p< 0.05) reduced the counts of the three-bacteria species used to inoculate the meat. When compared with the mean log count (5.6) obtained for the control, a mean log reduction difference of 2.6, 3.2 and 3.3 for the bacteria Salmonella typhi, was recorded from the wash of all three extracts; Anas platyrhyncha egg shell membrane, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) respectively after 24 hours of treatment. A similar trend followed in the results from the meats inoculated with Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli and treated with the three extracts. Our findings show that these organic products have promising potentials for preserving meat from bacterial contamination.
Trusted Cooperative Exchange System for Security Vulnerabilities and Exposures

—Cybersecurity defenders need to protect all the vulnerabilities in their assets to prevent attacks. Since the security knowledge of each company is only a fraction of the knowledge of the whole network, defenders can try to improve their stance by sharing information with other companies. There are already standard ways of representing cyber threat information, vulnerabilities (CVE), cyber observables, malware attributes, among others. There are also transport mechanisms for these kinds of information, and scoring models (CVSS) that help to quantify the severity of the vulnerabilities that are found. Recently, the MISP platform, designed for sharing, storing and correlating information about attacks on speciﬁc vulnerabilities, has been made available as open source, providing a development testbed for increased security information sharing. The main objective of this work was to design and implement mechanisms that augment MISP for automated data exchange the platform was extended with anonymization techniques to preserve the conﬁdentiality of the asset information, of its owner and of the environment where the information was collected, while still providing ways to match security information producers with consumers. In this way, there is an added incentive for data sharing because data will be under the control of its owner. Our solution integrates the network vulnerability scanner OpenVAS with the MISP platform. The conﬁgurable solution automatically issues OpenVAS scans, extracts results from the reports generated, anonimizes the obtained results and imports them into the MISP platform. The solution was evaluated with a synthetic testbed and with another testbed provided by an air navigation service provider.