Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variabilité de la capacité de résistance des populations de l’ormeau européen Haliotis tuberculata face à Vibrio harveyi

L’augmentation de temperature que subit la planete ces dernieres decennies a de nombreuses consequences dont la recrudescence de maladies infectieuses aussi bien chez l’homme que chez les animaux. Certaines populations de l’ormeau europeen Haliotis tuberculata, vivant dans les zones les plus chaudes de Bretagne et de Normandie ont ainsi subi de tres importantes mortalites depuis 1997, dues a la bacterie Vibrio harveyi. Cependant, certaines des populations les plus severement touchees se sont aujourd’hui reconstruites et les mortalites semblent s’etre arretees dans certaines de ces zones. La question se pose donc de l’apparition d’une resistance de l’ormeau face a cette maladie emergente. Pour repondre a cette question, les reponses a l’infection de plusieurs populations naturelles par cette bacterie ont ete analysees. Une population presentant une forte resistance a la maladie a ete identifiee.La voie d’entree de la bacterie (ie. les branchies) a ete identifiee comme jouant un role dans la resistance a l’infection. Par ailleurs, des infections successives ont permis de demontrer un effet d’amorcage immunitaire. Suite a une premiere exposition, une protection durant jusqu’a deux mois intervient contre l’effet d’inhibition de la phagocytose, provoquee normalement par une infection a V. harveyi. La difference d’expression de genes des hemocytes d’ormeaux sensibles et resistants a ete quantifiee par RNAseq pendant une infection experimentale. Cette comparaison a montre une reconnaissance plus efficace du pathogene chez les resistants, par des recepteurs tels que les TLR ou les PGRP. La forte surexpression chez la population resistante, d’un gene implique dans la synthese de mucine qui est l’un des composants principaux du mucus renforce l’hypothese d’une forte implication des branchies dans la resistance. Enfin, une analyse in silico des sequences obtenues en RNAseq a permis d’apporter des preuves de l’existence d’un systeme de methylation de l’ADN chez H. tuberculata ainsi qu’une possible implication de ce systeme dans l’adaptation de l’ormeau a son milieu.
Net carbon ecosystem exchange during 24 years in the Sorø Beech Forest – relations to phenology and climate

Abstract The carbon sequestration of plants through photosynthesis is responsible for removal of a substantial amount of the man-made CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. In recent years this so-called land-sink has removed about 30% of the man-made emissions to the atmosphere, with forests being the most important sinks. The land-sink is, however, vulnerable to changes in the environment, such as the atmospheric composition, climate change, and extreme events like storms and droughts. It is therefore important to study the effects of such change on terrestrial ecosystems to provide the basis for predicting the future of the sink. We here report the results of continuous CO2 flux measurements over a Danish beech forest during the years 1996–2019. Over the years the forest acted as a sink of CO2 with a net carbon sequestration ranging from about zero to 400 g C m–2 yr−1. We found significant trends in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (increasing in absolute terms with 15 g C m–2 yr2), gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) (increasing with 25 g C m–2 yr–2), and ecosystem respiration (RE) (increasing with 10 g C m–2 yr–2). A prolonged growing season explained 73% of the increase in NEE. The increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and a subsequent increase in photosynthetic capacity together with warming are the most likely main causes of the increased carbon uptake. The severe drought in the summer of 2018 resulted in a reduction of the annual NEE of 25%.
Multi-mycotoxin screening of feed and feed raw materials from Africa

As animal feed is prone to infestation with mycotoxin-producing fungi, mycotoxin contamination of feed should be monitored. Here, we report a multi-mycotoxin survey of feed samples from Africa. We determined the concentrations of aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in 1,045 samples of finished feed and feed raw materials (maize, maize silage, other cereals, etc.) from South Africa and 318 samples from Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Ghana, Namibia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Madagascar. We compared the measured mycotoxin concentrations to regulatory limits or guidance values that are in effect in the European Union and analysed the co-occurrence of these mycotoxins. To determine the occurrence of other fungal secondary metabolites, a subset of the samples was analysed using a multi-analyte liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based method for the simultaneous detection of over 700 fungal metabolites. We found that 33.3% of maize samples and 54.4% of finished feed samples from Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Ghana, Namibia, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania exceeded the European regulatory limit of 20 ng/g aflatoxins. The Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol were prevalent in all commodities from all countries, but concentrations were in most cases below European guidance values. Concentrations of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were correlated. Several other Fusarium metabolites occurred frequently (e.g. moniliformin, beauvericin, aurofusarin) or in high concentrations (e.g. aurofusarin, fusaproliferin). Furthermore, high levels of diplodiatoxin were occasionally detected in samples from South Africa and the Alternaria metabolite tenuazonic acid was prevalent and reached high concentrations. In conclusion, aflatoxins frequently occurred in African feed samples in potentially unsafe concentrations. While Fusarium mycotoxins mostly occurred in concentrations below European guidance values, a correlation between deoxynivalenol and zearalenone concentrations suggests that toxicological interactions of these compounds deserve attention. Several less investigated fungal secondary metabolites occurred frequently or reached high concentrations.
Evolution of Aerosol Under Moist and Fog Conditions in a Rural Forest Environment: Insights From High‐Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

The effect of foggy/moist conditions on the characteristics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was studied. Analysis of the high‐resolution time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer measurements identified two fresh biogenic SOA factors (BSOA: BSOA‐1 and BSOA‐2), hypothesized to be formed through the nighttime reaction of biogenic volatile organic compounds with nitrate radical. During foggy periods, the more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO‐OOA) was scavenged most efficiently (86% removal), followed by the less oxidized OOA (LO‐OOA) (55%), SO4 (53%), and BSOA (25%). Aerosol mass increased during fog events, and the post‐fog aerosol mass was higher (11%) than during the prefog period, with a reduction for MO‐OOA and an enhancement for LO‐OOA and BSOA. The high positive correlation observed between aerosol liquid water (ALW) and BSOA suggests the importance of aqueous‐phase processing on the BSOA formation, and an increase in log10(ALW) of 1 corresponded to an average increase of about 0.9 μg m−3 in BSOA.
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and the Inflammatory Response during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Sarcopenic Obese Mice

AIM: Sarocpenic obesity is a national concern within the United States because this metabolic syndrome is tied with reduced mobility and quality of life. Both obesity and aging are associated with insulin-resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation and muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a process that involves the coordinated effort of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), inflammatory signaling, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling for optimal regeneration. It has been demonstrated that obesity and aging have a reduction in muscle regeneration. It has not been examined if sarcopenic obesity will further reduce muscle mass and the regenerative process. The purpose of this study was to determine how sarcopenic obesity alters inflammatory signaling and extracellular remodeling in mouse skeletal muscle. METHODS: One hundred two male C57BL6/J mice (4 weeks old) were randomly assigned to either a high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) or normal chow. Both young (3 months old) and aged mice (22-24 months old) were injected with either PBS or bupivacaine. Muscles were excised 3 or 21 days after injection. RESULTS: Mean cross-sectional area was reduced by 26% in aged HFD mice. The aged lean mice had 9% greater mean crosssectional area 21 days following muscle damage but no changes were observed in aged HFD. Aged mice had nearly 2-fold collagen III content than young mice. P-STAT3/STAT3 was reduced by 82% in the aged HFD mice in the TA. NF-κB was 3-5 fold greater in the aged HFD mice compared to the aged lean mice in the gastrocnemius and the TA. There was a main effect of injury to reduce collagen I and III content in aged injured, and a main effect of diet with a decrease of collagen I, collagen III, and MMP-9 gene expression in aged HFD mice 3 days following muscle damage. CONCLUSION: Sarcopenic obese mice have reduced cross-sectional area than aged mice along with increase collagen III content and basal
Probabilistic Numerical Modeling of Compound Flooding Caused by Tropical Storm Matthew Over a Data‐Scarce Coastal Environment

The passage of a tropical storm, as the main driver of storm surge and high waves in many coastal regions, can also generate heavy rainfall and cause river overflow. The resulting combination of riverine, pluvial, and coastal flood hazard can result in catastrophic losses particularly in densely populated coastal environments. In this study, we characterize compound flooding caused by Tropical Storm Matthew and assess the significance and associated uncertainties of multiple contributing factors over a data‐scarce coastal region. A hydrological model combined with a simplified two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model are set up and validated to investigate the compounding effects of storm tide, wave runup, rainfall, and river overflow at the southern coast of Saint Lucia in the Caribbean Sea. Pléiades‐1 and Sentinel‐1 satellite imageries are used to determine the flood‐impacted areas. The analyses are performed based on deterministic and probabilistic approaches and the effects of uncertain boundary conditions and model parameters are investigated. Results show that the individual analysis of flood hazards, in isolation, can lead to substantial underestimation of flood risks. Heavy rainfall and wave runup are the most significant contributors to compound flooding in Saint Lucia. In addition, the interactions between seawater and streamflow can exacerbate riverine flood hazards particularly upstream of the river mouth. Communities in western Vieux Fort, and the Hewanorra International Airport, have high exposure to compound flooding, which is projected to intensify under climate change.
The effects of grazing and mowing on large marsh grasshopper, Stethophyma grossum (Orthoptera: Acrididae), populations in Western Europe: a review

The large marsh grasshopper, Stethophymagrossum L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), has undergone a significant range contraction in the UK and is now restricted to the bogs and mires of the New Forest and Dorset Heaths. In other parts of Western Europe, the species makes use of a wider range of wetland habitat types. Traditionally, many of these habitats would be managed through low intensity grazing, mowing, or both, and these measures are now often employed in the conservation management of wet grassland habitats. This paper reviews the effects of mowing and grazing on S.grossum populations, through looking at the potential impacts (both positive and negative) on different life stages of the grasshopper. Both techniques are valuable in the maintenance of an open and varied vegetation structure which is known to benefit S.grossum in all its life stages. However, grazing on very wet sites or at high intensity can result in trampling of vegetation and S.grossum eggs, and mowing which is too frequent may negatively affect populations through repeated losses of nymphs. Recommendations are given regarding the suitability of mowing and grazing for different habitats and intensity of management to generate the required vegetation structure. Measures are also outlined, such as the provision of unmown or ungrazed refuge areas, which can help reduce negative effects.
Measurement of Drag Coefficient for an Elliptical Cylinder

This paper reports drag coefficient for an elliptic cylinder as obtained from PIV measurements. We first evaluate three different methods to obtain drag force on an object immersed in a flow using particle image velocimetry (PIV) data, but no additional input data. The need for such a study is felt because PIV does not directly yield pressure-field required in the calculation of drag. The methods are benchmarked against circular cylinder. The three methods yield the values of drag coefficient within 1%. The method is further applied to elliptic cylinder over a large range of Reynolds number (Re = 240 – 34,000). The value for drag coefficient for elliptic cylinder over this range is not readily available. A sensitivity analysis of the result on the size of the observation window is also provided; the results indicate that reliable results are obtained if the viewframe is located at least 2.7 C downstream and 1.1 C on either lateral side of the cylinder. The methods evaluated here can be further employed with PIV data for various flow problems.
Translating Commons’ ‘Industrial Goodwill’ Into Italian: Some Conceptual and Linguistic Considerations

This paper examines the English-language term ‘industrial goodwill’, which was introduced into industrial relations discourse by John R. Commons in his book Industrial Goodwill (1919). The paper then goes on to investigate the challenges resulting from the attempts to translate this concept into Italian, as no equivalent exists in the target language which fully captures its English meaning. More generally, this case study is used to highlight the relevance of language in comparative research. This is particularly true in industrial relations, as concepts in this domain are frequently culture and context specific.
The Evolution of Income Risk and Consumption Insurance in South Korea over the Last Two Decades*

Using data from the Korea Labor Income Panel Study, we study the evolution of income risk and consumption insurance against transitory and permanent income shocks in South Korea over the last two decades.We find a decreasing trend in both income and consumption risks. Furthermore, we estimate that 47.6% of permanent income shocks and 9.8% of transitory income shocks pass through to consumption. We also provide evidence of substantial improvements in consumption insurance among the less educated and the older cohort nearing retirement. Our results suggest that recent developments of social safety net and welfare system may have played an important role in insuring income shocks in South Korea.
Hierarchical organization of the human cell from a cancer coessentiality network

Genetic interactions mediate the emergence of phenotype from genotype. Systematic survey of genetic interactions in yeast showed that genes operating in the same biological process have highly correlated genetic interaction profiles, and this observation has been exploited to infer gene function in model organisms. Systematic surveys of digenic perturbations in human cells are also highly informative, but are not scalable, even with CRISPR-mediated methods. As an alternative, we developed an indirect method of deriving functional interactions. We show that genes having correlated knockout fitness profiles across diverse, non-isogenic cell lines are analogous to genes having correlated genetic interaction profiles across isogenic query strains, and similarly implies shared biological function. We constructed a network of genes with correlated fitness profiles across 400 CRISPR knockout screens in cancer cell lines into a “coessentiality network,” with up to 500-fold enrichment for co-functional gene pairs, enabling strong inference of human gene function. Modules in the network are connected in a layered web that gives insight into the hierarchical organization of the cell.
Towards a framework to support coastal change governance in small islands

SUMMARY Small islands can guide visualization of the diverse information requirements of future context-relevant coastal governance. On small marine islands (<20 000 km2), negative effects of coastal challenges (e.g., related to population growth, unsustainable resource use or climate change) can develop rapidly, with high intensity and extreme impacts. The smallest and most remote islands within small-island states and small islands in larger states can be threatened by intrinsic governance factors, typically resulting in access to fewer resources than larger islands or administrative centres. For these reasons, efforts to support coastal change governance are critical and need to be targeted. We propose a conceptual framework that distinguishes key governance-related components of small-island social–ecological systems (SESs). To prioritize areas of vulnerability and opportunity, physical, ecological, social, economic and governance attributes are visualized to help show the ability of different types of small-island SESs to adapt, or be transformed, in the face of global and local change. Application of the framework to an Indonesian archipelago illustrates examples of local rule enforcement supporting local self-organized marine governance. Visualization of complex and interconnected social, environmental and economic changes in small-island SESs provides a better understanding of the vulnerabilities and opportunities related to context-specific governance.
La Gamificación como Herramienta Tecnológica para el Aprendizaje en la Educación Superior

Esta investigacion presento la gamificacion como una tecnologia innovadora que el docente puede aplicar en las asignaturas del nivel educativo superior, con el proposito de aumentar el interes de los estudiantes por el estudio, y que se vea reflejado en el rendimiento academico de los universitarios. El avance de la tecnologia del juego y entrenamiento ha alcanzado a la educacion de tal manera que actualmente el profesor tiene que buscar estrategias y herramientas para que el proceso de aprendizaje sea mas interesante para los estudiantes. Es por ello, que con este objetivo se realizo la investigacion de diferentes herramientas actuales de gamificacion con impacto en el aula como una estrategia eficaz para el aprendizaje de las asignaturas. El enfoque cualitativo nos permite aplicar una investigacion documental-bibliografica, facilitando la revision y comparacion de tres herramientas, para determinar cual ofrece mayores beneficios, tanto a docentes, como a los estudiantes, por tanto, se concluye que la herramienta llamada Quizizz es la mas completa. El uso de esta herramienta, de la mano de la creatividad del docente en el diseno de actividades significativas a manera de juego, mejora el desempeno y los resultados de los estudiantes en las asignaturas. Sin embargo, hay que tomar en cuenta que la medida de eficiencia de los resultados obtenidos no solo depende de las herramientas, considerando otros factores que pueden afectar estos resultados.
A New Species of Andean Gymnophthalmid Lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Peruvian Andes, and Resolution of Some Taxonomic Problems

The family Gymnophthalmidae is one of the most speciose lineages of lizards in the Neotropical region. Despite recent phylogenetic studies, the species diversity of this family is unknown and thus, its phylogenetic relationships remain unclear and its taxonomy unstable. We analyzed four mitochondrial (12S, 16S, Cytb, ND4) and one nuclear (c-mos) DNA sequences of Pholidobolus anomalus, Cercosaura manicata boliviana and Cercosaura sp. , using the maximum likelihood method to give insights into the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa within Cercosaurinae. Our results suggest that Pholidolus anomalus is nested within the clade of Cercosaura spp. , that material we collected near Oxapampa belongs to a new species of Cercosaura, and that lizards identified as Cercosaura manicata boliviana belong to a separate lineage, possibly a new genus. We assign Pholidobolus anomalus to Cercosaura, redescribe the species, and designate a neotype to replace the lost holotype. In addition, we describe the new species of Cercosaura, and comment about the taxonomic status of “Cercosaura manicata boliviana”incertae sedis.
A Novel Performance Prediction Model for the Machining Process Based on the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network

The prediction model is the most important part of the virtual metrology system. Predicting the performance of the machining process has been widely applied in manufacturing, which can reduce costs and improve efficiency compared with the manual operation. In this paper, a novel performance prediction model for the machining process is proposed based on the interval type-2 fuzzy neural network. The interval type-2 fuzzy logic system with a complete rule base, type-reduction, and defuzzified output is simplified by the BMM method to meet the requirements of the prediction. The proposed prediction model is trained using a gradient-based optimization algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, it is applied to wire electrical discharge turning process for predicting material removal rate and surface roughness with a published dataset. The results show that the proposed method is an effective scheme in the studied cases.
Evaluation of rice cultivars for resistance to rice yellow mottle virus

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which is only found in Africa, threatens rice farming on the continent. A local Oryza sativa cultivar collected from Burkina Faso (named BM24), was evaluated with that of well known highly resistant and tolerant cultivars. Firstly, three RYMV isolates were used to characterise the differential interaction within the cultivars. Secondly, disease kinetics of symptom expression and virus titer on leaves at 21 days after inoculation were assessed using the BF1 isolate. Thirdly, the allelic profile of O. sativa varieties using SSR marker RM101 located on chromosome 12 was also assessed. IR64 showed susceptibility to all isolates; while Tog5681 was resistant to all isolates. Ng122 overcame the resistance of Gigante, with mild leaf symptoms at 42 dpi. Azucena and BM24 had, therefore, different resistance level regarding the three isolates (Ng117b, Ng122 and Ng144). When infected with the isolate, BF1, BM24 and Azucena exhibited same resistance patterns in early growth stages with delayed of symptoms appearance, but BM24 outperformed Azucena at later stages. The virus content in the two accessions, at 14 days post inoculation, was statistically different with BM24, showing less virus compared to Azucena. However, the two accessions depicted an identical allelic profile at RM101 locus. Key words: Azucena, Burkina Faso, local variety, Oryza sativa