Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge level and perceptions of pharmacists and prescribers regarding boxed warnings

Background: Black box warnings indicating harmful or potentially fatal adverse events are required by the Food and Drug Administration on certain drugs and chemical entities; however it is unclear if prescribing and dispensing habits are impacted by these warnings. This study investigates the knowledge and perceptions of prescribers and pharmacists regarding black box warnings. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of self-reported behavior related to black box warnings was administered to prescribers and pharmacists across North Carolina between October 2010 and January 2011. Results: A total of 867 pharmacists and prescribers completed the survey, including 715 pharmacists and 152 prescribers. Of the respondents, 54% were female and 92% described their ethnicity as Caucasian. Overall, pharmacists reported a greater change in behavior than did prescribers in relation to the presence of a boxed warning (P < .01). Pharmacists also demonstrated a significantly greater overall knowledge of boxed warnings compared to prescribers (P < .01). No differences in reported behavior or knowledge were observed between prescribers and pharmacists Short Research Article Adams et al.; JAMPS, 15(1): 1-11, 2017; Article no.JAMPS. 36666 2 based on demographic factors. Limitations: Solicitation through professional association mailing lists resulting in low response rates may impact findings. Conclusion: Overall knowledge on information pertaining to boxed warnings was lacking. Impact in clinical practice due to the lack of understanding regarding boxed warnings may put patients at increased risk. To improve the overall knowledge of black boxed warnings, the FDA should adopt develop a publicly available central repository for all black box warnings. Curricula in schools of medicine and pharmacy as well as professional continuing education should include a focus on boxed warnings.
3D reconstruction of carotid artery in B-mode ultrasound image using modified template matching based on ellipse feature

ABSTRACT Detection of vascular areas using B-mode ultrasound is required for automated applications such as registration and navigation in medical operations. The limitations of Ultrasound imaging are the requirement of sonographer’s skills, expertise, and also knowledge when making data acquisition. It also influences the quality of the images. Carotid atherosclerosis can be treated with carotid artery stenting. The starting point of needle injection cannot be determined with certainty. The position of the arteries is in the body, therefore, determining the starting point of needle injection is done by estimation only and cannot be certainly determined. To be able to determine it, the first step needed is to determine the location of the carotid artery. We propose a 3D reconstruction of carotid artery using a modified template matching based on ellipse feature to determine it. It is processed using the procedure of data acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, outlier selection of ellipse parameter fitting, visualisation. The proposed procedure with preprocessing produces the highest accuracy compared to the template matching method and the Hough Circle method with an accuracy value of 99.41% and has the smallest standard deviation value of 1.05. The best polynomial fitting results for all data is the polynomial equation on 22nd order with the mean error value of 0.26303.
The relationship between oral health behavior, smoking, and periodontal diseases in Koreat middle-aged mee: based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2015

Copyright © 2017 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and periodontal diseases in Korean middle-aged men based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2015. Methods: The study subjects were 708 men aged 40 years and over and whose data included oral health behavior (status), community periodontal index, and smoking status. The statistical analyses were conducted by applying a complex sample analysis technique. Results: In terms of the relationship between smoking and periodontal status, the risk of periodontitis was 1.99-fold higher in those aged 50 years and over. It was also 1.17-fold higher for the chewing problem “Average,” 2.877-fold higher for the chewing problem “Poor,” and 1.862-fold higher for smoking. Conclusions: These results suggest that the need for smoking cessation should be widely publicized in order to promote public oral health.
Advancement in the application of alloys and composites in the manufacture of aircraft component: A review

Failures in aerospace structural components have catastrophic consequences, which results in loss of lives and of the aircraft. Failure occurs when a component or structure is no longer able to withstand the stresses imposed on it during operation. Application requirements of aerospace components involves high durability in order to withstand high temperature and pressure environments (such as leaving the earth’s atmosphere or exposure to burning rocket fuel) and must be light weight for easy lifting and fuel efficiency for rockets. Compressor blades in aero-engines are designed for many distinct functions and are required to withstand high temperatures imposed on them by high rotational speed in the form of large centrifugal load and aerodynamic force applied as a function of pressure rise through each stage of the compressor. The paper reviews the advancement in the application of alloys and composites in the manufacture of aircraft component.
Smart Medical Chatbot with Integrated Contactless Vital Sign Monitor

Artificial intelligence is one of the important fields in modern technologies to help us strive for better life. Healthcare industries nowadays spend a lot of money researching on how artificial intelligence can help improve their services and give the highest satisfaction to their customers. Most healthcare organisations have a passive relationship to their patients when it comes to communication and this situation is often worsened because of a lack of inter-operability between client and provider. Mobile applications on the other hand have become one of the effective strategies in bridging the interaction between provider and end user. In this study, an automated self-learning system is designed to provide conversational healthcare for personalised proactive experience. This system is developed along with the in cooperation of contactless monitoring device using a vision-based real-time monitoring of vital signs which allow patients to monitor their oxygen level, heart rate and respiration rate. This system is also automatically calibrated across patients, allowing precise measurement using highest probability method and natural language processing. Results obtained from the comparative analysis show a promising result with an error of 1.16 for pulse sensor and 2.917 for ECG which are below the threshold error. This allows user to accurately measure vital signs in a non-obtrusive way, and to provide them with the data required to determine to the right timing for any intervention procedure needed. The developed system would also help to bridge the gap of interoperability between client and medical provider.
Dietary habits and food intake frequency of preschool children

Purpose The study aims to assess the dietary habits and frequency of food intake by preschool-aged children in Kosovo. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a survey of meal patterning and frequency of food group intake, using a combined 24-hour recall and Dietary history questionnaires. The assessment took place in different towns of Kosovo. Parents completed 232 questionnaires with data on dietary habits and food frequency intake of their children. Intake frequencies were computed and included in the analyses. Findings Dietary habits and frequency of food intake for specific foods (the main typical foods from the food groups) did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) between age groups, except in terms of milk consumption (P < 0.05) and soft drinks intake (P < 0.001). It was found that the consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as other high-fiber foods is very limited. Research limitations Despite the limitation in terms of sample, the results can be used by Kosovo’s authorities as an indication for an assessment of child’s development patterns in the country. Originality/value This assessment reports for the first time the dietary habits and frequency of food intake by preschool-aged children in Kosovo. The dietary pattern was shown to be low in wholegrain products and fruits and vegetables, and high in soft drinks and sweet and salty foods. Health and education authorities should develop national programs and dietary guidelines on recommended dietary intakes.
Collaborative Computation Offloading for Smart Cities in Mobile Edge Computing

With the emergence of the Internet of things (IOT), smart cities have changed from concept to reality. Meanwhile, those countless IOT devices are scattered in every corner of the city which generate a mass of sensing big data and IoT services every minute. However, the computing capability of IoT devices is so constrained that IoT devices fail to process computational-intensive services. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an emergent architecture for reinforcing the computing capabilities of IoT devices to cope with the resource-hungry IoT services. In the MEC system, IoT devices are capable of offloading part of IoT services to the cloudlet for execution. Although offloading can prominently mitigate the computing burden on IoT devices, it may result in enormous transmission cost and consuming resource of cloudlets. Therefore, it poses major challenges to how to achieve trade-offs in terms of time cost, energy cost of IOT devices and resource utilization of cloudlets. In consideration of the challenge, we devise a collaborative computation offloading approach to acquire the above trade-off in the collaboration of IoT device-cloudlet-cloud three ends. Firstly, the balancing strategies of the trade-off are obtained by leveraging the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D). We then employ a multi-criterion decision-making method that combines the entropy weight (EW) method and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), is known as (EW-TOPSIS), to acquire the optimum offloading decision in the acquired balancing strategies. Finally, extensive experiments and theoretical analysis validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
De la oligarquía austera a la anarquía feliz. Consideraciones acerca de la posmodernidad

In its ancestral service provision to human habitation, current architecture competes with other types of virtual habitation, alien to the immediacy and tangibility of its own territory over thousands of years around the world. Against overwhelming odds, but committed to win, architects confront with the challenge of persuading internet users to find themselves and their environment again by recognizing themselves in their self and circumstance, which are inseparable from each other. Through a provisional diagnosis of the “misplaced” situation of the third-millennium architecture, this paper aims to share the hope of a new “encounter of the first kind” of human habitation. To this effect, it explores reference books defining postmodernity and connects them to the features that, still nowadays, characterize it.
Medikamentöse Therapie der ADHS bei Erwachsenen

Im Erwachsenenalter werden gemäß den sogenannten Utah-Kriterien auch desorganisiertes Verhalten und Störungen der emotionalen Regulationsfähigkeit zu den typischen Symptomen der ADHS gezählt. ADHS geht im Erwachsenenalter mit funktionellen Beeinträchtigungen in den zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen und beruflichen Belangen einher. Auch ist das Risiko für Unfälle und die Entwicklung weiterer psychischer und körperlicher Erkrankungen erhöht. Hieraus ergibt sich in vielen Fällen die Indikation für eine Behandlung der Störung [1].
Population and Kin Structure of Hawksbill Turtles: Insights on Natal Homing Precision, Time to Maturity and the Male Component of the Breeding Population

v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH NATAL HOMING PRECISION IN HAWKSBILL SEA TURTLES TO INSULAR ROOKERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN . 11 CHAPTER 3: KIN STRUCTURE IN A CARIBBEAN HAWKSBILL TURTLE ROOKERY REVEALS PRECISE NATAL HOMING AND ESTIMATES OF AGE AT SEXUAL MATURITY . 50 CHAPTER 4: INDIRECT ASSESSMENT OF THE MALE COMPONENT OF A HAWKSBILL TURTLE BREEDING POPULATION . 83 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION . 106 LITERATURE CITED . 112 APPENDIX A: COPYRIGHT PERMISSION LETTER FOR CHAPTER 2 . 140
Bringing play back into the biology classroom with the use of gamified virtual lab simulations

Our study evaluated the integration of gamified laboratory (game-lab) simulations and virtual reality (VR) technologies into the biology curriculum in order to provide an engaging and interactive way for Gen Z (born after 1995) students to learn and understand key biology concepts in a simulated environment. We hypothesised that the students will have fun, learning through play and exploration of lab skills that may not be possible in standard educational settings. Our research question was, “Do VR game-lab simulations lead to an increase in a) student knowledge of DNA-based technology, b) intrinsic motivation to study key biological concepts, and c) self-efficacy in an introductory biology course? ” In our study conducted at the Singapore University of Technology and Design, the freshmore (ages between 19-22) cohorts were randomly divided into three groups, control (n = 180 students), VR game-lab simulations experienced on a laptop (desktop VR, n = 180 students) and experienced using a headset (immersive VR, n = 90 students). The classes assigned to the control group were taught using the prior method (PowerPoint slides/chalk and talk). The biological concept covered was consistent in all groups and was the polymerase chain reaction taught using a crime scene investigation scenario. Data collected showed that the desktop VR group of students achieved the greatest improvement in quiz scores after the simulation as compared to controls and immersive VR. This correlated with the significantly reduced response times taken for quizzes too for the desktop VR group. This may be attributed to the fact that the desktop VR was a longer simulation, with in depth theoretical wikis and descriptions of relevant theory. The survey results revealed that the majority of students perceived that the simulations improved their learning of DNA-based technologies, were motivated to complete the simulation and felt more confident at the end.
Smoking Patterns and Perspectives of Families of Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure has been associated with significant health consequences in children. The objective of our study was to assess patterns of smoking, perspectives on smoking, and housing characteristics of families of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the outpatient setting. From 2012 to 2014, caregivers of subjects who were recruited from a BPD outpatient clinic completed self-reported questionnaires regarding exposure to tobacco smoke in the home, patterns of smoking, household rules regarding smoking, and residence type. Caregivers of 222 subjects with BPD completed the questionnaire. Of these, 42 (18.9%) reported that a smoker lived in the home. Households that contained smokers were more likely to have lower median household income, be covered by public insurance, and have less education. Among households that included smokers, 7% reported that smoking was allowed inside the home, while 93% reported that smoking occurred only outdoors. Caregivers of nonsmoking households.
Lumbar spine chordoma in adolescent: Case report.

Chordoma is a rare slow-growing neoplasm that arises from primitive notochordal remnants with a high rate of recurrence. It can occur anywhere within the spine or the base of the skull. Chordoma involving lumbar spine are rare, approximately 6% of spinal chordomas originate in the lumbar vertebrae. Prognosis is better than adults and depends on the extent of surgical resection, age and histology subgroup. We report a case with solitary L2/L3 vertebral body lesion causing caudal compression and bilateral lower limb weakness treated with L2/L3 right hemi laminectomy and tumor decompression.
Second generation involvement and corporate innovation: evidence from China

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of second generation involvement on corporate innovation in Chinese family firms. Design/methodology/approach Based on the manually collected sample of listed Chinese family firms from 2003 to 2014, the study empirically examines the impact of second generation involvement on corporate innovation. The authors apply a difference-in-differences research design and a Heckman two-stage least squares regression to relieve the endogeneity concerns. Findings The research finds a positive relationship between second generation involvement and corporate innovation. This effect is more pronounced among the firms appointing second generation family members with overseas training experience and firms with weak external monitoring. Further analysis shows that the curtailment of related party transactions and the improvement of accounting information quality are important channels. Practical implications The findings provide several practical implications for Chinese family firms to survive the succession process and maintain competitive advantages across generations. Originality/value First, this study is helpful to understand the strategies adopted by family firms to maintain their long-term competitiveness and pursue continuing growth across generations. Second, the findings are also consistent with the transfer cost hypothesis of Fan et al. (2012) and Bennedsen et al. (2015). Finally, the findings imply that second generation involvement has a substitutive effect for external monitoring mechanisms.
La Didáctica de la Historia

En este articulo se analiza la actual situacion de la Didactica de la Historia y su reciente trayectoria anterior, en el ambito universitario espanol, destacando los logros ya conseguidos, asi como las numerosas tareas de definicion y de desarrollo aun pendientes. A su vez se propone un esquema de clasificacion de las aportaciones relacionadas con este colectivo investigador y docente.
How do undergraduate medical students learn ophthalmology in a clinical environment

Aim: This phenomenological study looked at the nature of undergraduate medical student learning in an ophthalmology environment. The study set out to identify what influences the quality of medical students’ educational experience in ophthalmology. The study was conducted on 17 final-year medical students from a medical school in the west of Ireland, after undertaking their 3-week combined clinicalbased ophthalmology/neurology programme at a tertiary referral teaching hospital. Methods: Learning diaries were used as a reflective tool for recording the learners’ personal learning experiences. A primary analysis of the diaries was used to formulate a topic guide for semi-structured interviews with each of the participating students. Template analysis was used to code the data, create themes and establish thematic hierarchies. Results: Individual students’ learning experiences were affected by intra-personal and inter-personal factors. Inter-personal factors included the quality of the learner–teacher relationship and the interaction between peer learners. Intra-personal factors were individual perceptions of what was expected of the students by tutors and by the medical school. Conclusion: To create positive and effective learning environments for learners in ophthalmology and orthoptics, teachers should become much more aware of themselves as models of practice and should take time to observe students perform as well as provide feedback.
Notch1 regulates breast cancer stem cell function via a non-canonical cleavage-independent pathway

Current treatment of triple negative breast cancer patients is hindered by a high incidence of chemoresistance (30-50%). The prevailing theory is that resistance and subsequent recurrence is driven by cancer stem cells. Unfortunately, the functional characterization of cancer stem cells at the molecular level is still incomplete. We show here, that within the canonical breast cancer stem cell population, a subset of cells characterized by high Notch1 expression possesses the tumor-initiating property associated with cancer stem cells. Moreover, the tumor initiating property of these high Notch1-expressing breast cancer stem cells is mediated by a cleavage independent Notch signaling pathway culminating in the repression of SIRT1. Of note, the Notch1-mediated repression of SIRT1 is required not only for tumor initiation, but also for chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells. Strikingly, inhibition of SIRT1 obviates the requirement for Notch1, marking the first example of conferring cancer stem cell function by inhibiting the activity of a single protein. We also demonstrate that progenitor-like mammary epithelial cells, which possess both luminal and basal properties, are also characterized by high Notch1 expression and repression of SIRT1 via the non-canonical pathway. These findings provide the first functional mechanistic requirements for tumor initiation by breast cancer stem cells and suggest that activation of the non-canonical Notch1 pathway is hardwired into tumor-initiating progenitor cells and thus a prerequisite for tumor initiation. Statement of Significance We demonstrate that chemoresistant and tumor-initiating properties of breast cancer stem cells are driven by repression of SIRT1 via non-canonical Notch signaling, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for triple negative breast cancer.
Evolve Therapeutic Services: Outcomes for Children and Young People in Out-of-Home Care with Complex Behavioural and Mental Health Problems

This study evaluated Evolve Therapeutic Services, an innovative Queensland, Australian programme employing a trauma-informed collaborative wrap-round model of care in combination with a flexible intervention approach that is individually tailored to children and young people in out-of-home care who present with complex and extreme behavioural and mental health problems. The sample consisted of 768 children and young people. Three measures, the Children's Global Assessment Scale, Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were used to assess functioning via a pre-post treatment design. Outcomes were assessed by comparing pre and post-treatment mean scores using repeated-measures t-tests. For estimates of differences in the proportion of children and young people in the clinical range between pre and post-treatment the McNemar test was used. In addition, surveys were completed by carers and stakeholders. Results provided a demographic profile, clinical profile and pre and post-treatment comparisons. Results revealed significant improvements across a range of problem areas: general functioning and adjustment; antisocial behaviour; overactivity and poor attention; non-accidental self-injury; problems with scholastic and language skills; emotional symptoms; peer and family relationships; self-care and independence; and school attendance. Survey data supported the outcomes from the stakeholder-rated and carer-rated measures. Findings provide ongoing evidence for the effectiveness of the therapeutic intervention programme.