Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poincaré and Brunn-Minkowski inequalities on weighted Riemannian manifolds with boundary

It is well known that by dualizing the Bochner{Lichnerowicz{Weitzenbock for- mula, one obtains Poincar e-type inequalities on Riemannian manifolds equipped with a density, which satisfy the Bakry{ Emery Curvature-Dimension condition (combining the Ricci curvature with the \curvature" of the density). When the manifold has a boundary, the Reilly formula and its generalizations may be used instead. By systematically dualizing this formula for various combinations of boundary conditions of the domain (convex, mean-convex) and the function (Neumann, Dirichlet), we obtain new Poincar e-type inequalities on the manifold and on its boundary. For instance, we may handle Neumann conditions on a mean-convex domain, and obtain generalizations to the weighted-manifold set- ting of a purely Euclidean inequality of Colesanti, yielding a Brunn{Minkowski concavity result for geodesic extensions of convex domains in the manifold set- ting. All other previously known Poincar e-type inequalities of Lichnerowicz, Brascamp{Lieb, Bobkov{Ledoux and Veysseire are recovered, rened, extended to the Riemannian setting and generalized into a single unied formulation, and their appropriate versions in the presence of a boundary are obtained. Finally, a new geometric evolution equation is proposed which extends to the Riemannian setting the Minkowski addition operation of convex domains, a notion previously conned to the linear setting, and for which a novel Brunn{Minkowski inequality in the weighted-Riemannian setting is obtained. Our framework allows to encom- pass the entire class of Borell's convex measures, including heavy-tailed measures, and extends the latter class to weighted-manifolds having negative \dimension".
PLANT SEEDLING PERFORMANCE TRAITS IMPACT ON SUCCESSFUL RECRUITMENT IN VARIOUS MICROHABITATS FOR FIVE ALPINE SAUSSUREA SPECIES

Habitat heterogeneity and species-specific traits (seed mass) both impact on seedling performance and recruitment. Five species of Saussurea DC. , from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were selected to study seedling performance and recruitment under various microhabitats. Results showed that seedling emergence and survival were significantly affected by light regimes, seed mass and their interactions. The RGR and R/S were affected by light and nutrient levels and seed mass during all growth stages. There was a significant interaction between nutrient and light on seedling survival. Light was directly related to seedling survival but nutrient availability was only indirectly related to seedling recruitment, by influencing the RGR and R/S ratio. Seedling survival was positively related to RGR and to R/S in the 100-day growth period. Our results suggested that seedlings improved their survival by altering their RGR and R/S under various microhabitats and the light and nutrient microhabitats affect seedling recruitment by impacting on seedling emergence and growth performance.
The short-term debt choice under asymmetric information

This paper investigates whether the market level of information asymmetry affects firms’ debt financing decisions. Using a sample of non-financial listed firms and a composite index based on microstructure measures of information asymmetry, we find that firms with more information asymmetry use shorter debt maturities. In addition, we find that these firms face more difficulties to access public debt and bank debt (particularly, short-term bank debt), and they have to rely on trade credit as an alternative source of short-term financing. Analyzing the associations in two subsamples based on firm size, we find that our results essentially driven by smaller companies, which are those affected by higher information asymmetries. Our findings support the information asymmetry theories of trade credit: as information asymmetry increases and, consequently, listed firms face more constraints in the credit markets, they increase the use of financing provided by their suppliers.
The State of Village-Level Infrastructures and Public Services in Indonesia During the Economic Crisis

Infrastructures play a crucial role in economic development and poverty reduction. The economic crisis in 1997-98 severely curtailed the government’s capacity to maintain existing infrastructures, negativelyimpacted the prospects for future economic development and poverty reduction in the country. This study provides an overview of the changes in the availability of village-level infrastructures and public services during the economic crisis. The findings indicate that there were mixed trends in the availability of different types of infrastructures and public services. Furthermore, the changes in the availability of certain infrastructures or public services differ across urban and rural areas as well as between Java-Bali and the outer islands. In the era of regional autonomy, it is essential to involve regional governments in infrastructure development planning, management, and maintenance.
A cell-based reporter assay for screening for EcR agonist / antagonist activity of natural ecdysteroids in Lepidoptera ( Bm 5 ) and Diptera

Ecdysteroid signal transduction is a key process in insect development and therefore an important target for insecticide development. We employed an in vitro cell-based reporter bioassay for the screening of potential ecdysone receptor (EcR) agonistic and antagonistic compounds. Natural ecdysteroids were assayed with ecdysteroid-responsive cell line cultures that were transiently transfected with the reporter plasmid ERE-b.act. luc. We used the dipteran Schneider S2 cells of Drosophila melanogaster and the lepidopteran Bm5 cells of Bombyx mori, representing important pest insects in medicine and agriculture. Measurements showed an EcR agonistic activity only for cyasterone both in S2 (EC50 = 3.3 lM) and Bm5 cells (EC50 = 5.3 lM), which was low compared to that of the commercial dibenzoylhydrazine-based insecticide tebufenozide (EC50 = 0.71 lM and 0.00089 lM, respectively). Interestingly, a strong antagonistic activity was found for castasterone in S2 cells with an IC50 of 0.039 lM; in Bm5 cells this effect only became visible at much higher concentrations (IC50 = 18 lM). To gain more insight in the EcR interaction, three-dimensional modeling of dipteran and lepidopteran EcR-LBD was performed. In conclusion, we showed that the EcR cell-based reporter bioassay tested here is a useful and practical tool for the screening of candidate EcR agonists and antagonists. The docking experiments as well as the normal mode analysis provided evidence that the antagonist activity of castasterone may be through direct binding with the receptor with specific changes in protein flexibility. The search for new ecdysteroid-like compounds may be particularly relevant for dipterans because the activity of dibenzoylhydrazines appears to be correlated with an extension of the EcR-LBD binding pocket that is prominent in lepidopteran receptors but less so in the modeled dipteran structure. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A statistical subgrid-scale algorithm for precipitation formation in stratiform clouds in the ECHAM5 single column model

Abstract. Cloud properties are usually assumed to be homogeneous within the cloudy part of the grid-box, i.e. subgrid-scale inhomogeneities in cloud cover and/or microphysical properties are often neglected. However, precipitation formation is initiated by large particles. Thus mean values are not representative and could lead to a delayed onset of precipitation. For a more physical description of the subgrid-scale structure of clouds we introduce a new statistical sub-column algorithm to study the impact of cloud inhomogeneities on stratiform precipitation. Each model column is divided into N independent sub-columns with sub-boxes in each layer, which are completely clear or cloudy. The cloud cover is distributed over the sub-columns depending on the diagnosed cloud fraction. Mass and number concentrations of cloud droplets and ice crystals are distributed randomly over the cloudy sub-columns according to prescribed probability distributions. Shapes and standard deviations of the distributions are obtained from aircraft observations. We have implemented this sub-column algorithm into the ECHAM5 global climate model to take subgrid variability of cloud cover and microphysical properties into account. Simulations with the Single Column Model version of ECHAM5 were carried out for one period of the Mixed-Phase Polar Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) campaign as well as for the Eastern Pacific Investigation of climate Processes (EPIC) campaign. Results with the new algorithm show an earlier onset of precipitation for the EPIC campaign and a higher conversion of liquid to ice for the MPACE campaign, which reduces the liquid water path in better agreement with the observations than the original version of the ECHAM5 model.
Palmer-Chalker Instability in an Orbital Superfluid

We consider a bosonic $s$ and $p$ orbital system in a face-centered cubic optical lattice, and predict a fluctuation-induced instability towards the orbital analogy of Palmer-Chalker state, which is originally proposed in an electronic spin system. The single-particle spectrum has four degenerate band minima with their crystal momenta forming a tetrahedron in Brillouin zone. The Bosons condense at these degenerate minima, leading to a massive degeneracy. Within Gross-Pitaevskii approximation, the classical many-body ground states partially lift the degeneracy with the spontaneously generated $p$-orbital angular momenta living on a series of continuous manifolds. The fluctuations on top of the classical ground states are further taken into account. We show that the Palmer-Chalker ordering of $p$-orbital angular momenta is selected as the ground state by quantum and thermal fluctuations through order-by-disorder mechanism. These findings raise the exciting possibility of realizing the Palmer-Chalker state in ultracold atomic gases.
Histone H 1 / MBP hydrolysing antibodies-novel potential marker in diagnosis of disease severity in systematic lupus erythematosus patients

Recently we have shown the presence of catalytically active IgGs, capable to cleave histone H1 and bovine myelin basic protein (MBP), in blood serum of SLE patients. Here we present data that demonstrate the correlation between a) proteolytic activity towards histone H1 and MBP of IgG-antibodies from blood serum of SLE patients and b) disease severity level in these patients. IgGs were isolated from blood serum by chromatography on protein G-sepharose. Commercial preparations of bovine myelin basic proteins (MBP) and calf thymus histone H1 were used as substrates. Analysis of the proteolytic activity showed that 16 of 38 lgG-preparations (42,1%) obtained from blood serum of SLE patients were capable of cleaving both histone H1 and MBP with different efficiency. It was revealed that the presence in blood serum of lgGs possessing proteolytic activity towards both histone H1 and bMBP closely correlates with manifestation of the disease severity in SLE patients.
The SURE REACH Model for Motor Learning and Control of a Redundant Arm 87 2 Theories of Motor Learning , Movement Preparation , and Control

The recently introduced neural network SURE REACH (sensorimotor unsupervised redundancy resolving control architecture) models motor cortical learning and control of human reaching movements. The model learns redundant, internal body models that are highly suitable to flexibly invoke effective motor commands. The encoded redundancy is used to adapt behavior flexible to situational constraints without the need for further learning. These adaptations to specific tasks or situations are realized by a neurally generated movement plan that adheres to various end-state or trajectory-related constraints. The movement plan can be implemented by proprioceptive or visual closed-loop control. This chapter briefly reviews the literature on computational models of motor learning and control and gives a description of SURE REACH and its neural network implementation. Furthermore, we relate the model to human motor learning and performance and discuss its neural foundations. Finally, we apply the model to the control of a dynamic robot platform. In sum, SURE REACH grounds highly flexible task-dependent behavior on a neural network framework for unsupervised learning. It accounts for the neural processes that underlie fundamental aspects of human behavior and is well applicable to the control of robots. Oliver Herbort Universität Würzburg, Department of Psychology, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany e-mail: oliver.herbort@psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de Martin V. Butz Universität Würzburg, Department of Psychology, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany e-mail: butz@psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de
Mosquito-Borne Viral Disease : A Threat to Global Health

Mosquito-borne viral diseases are a major concern of global health and result in significant economic losses in many countries. As natural vectors, mosquitoes are very permissive to and allow systemic and persistent arbovirus infection. Intriguingly, persistent viral propagation in mosquito tissues neither results in dramatic pathological sequelae nor impairs the vectorial behavior or lifespan, indicating that mosquitoes have evolved mechanisms to tolerate persistent infection and developed efficient antiviral strategies to restrict viral replication to nonpathogenic levels. Here we provide an overview of recent progress in understanding mosquito antiviral immunity and advances in the strategies by which mosquitoes control viral infection in specific tissues.
Cryptococcus neoformans The Genome of the Basidiomycetous Yeast and Human Pathogen

clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): November 29, 2012 www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at
CURRENT ISSUES AFFECTING TRADE AND TRADE POLICY: AN ANNOTATED LITERATURE REVIEW

This review provides a base of literature describing current issues and research on the impacts of globalization and the industrialization of agriculture and recent approaches to analyze and model agricultural trade and trade policies. Three key factors of the survey are differentiated goods, global economic integration and international supply chain linkages. The review covers 182 publications, which are presented alphabetically by author with a brief annotation describing how it relates to the above criteria. The articles are also indexed by keyword. A brief summary highlights the documented literature and includes a series of issues for future discussion and research.
The relational view of autonomy recognizes the need to collectively organize society ’ s resources so as to enable human flourishing , and it has much in common with the mission of public health . Public Health by

November-December 2017 The ethical principle of autonomy is among the most fundamental in ethics, and it is particularly salient for those in public health, who must constantly balance the desire to improve health outcomes by changing behavior with respect for individual freedom. Although there are some areas in which there is a genuine tension between public health and autonomy—childhood vaccine mandates, for example, or motorcycle helmet laws—there are many more areas where not only is there no tension, but public health and autonomy come down to the same thing. These areas of overlap are often rendered invisible by a thin understanding of autonomy. Better integrating newer theoretical insights about autonomy into applied ethics can make discussions of public health ethics more rigorous, incisive, and effective. Even more importantly, bringing modern concepts of autonomy into public health ethics can showcase the many areas in which public health and autonomy have the same goals, face the same threats, and can be mutually advanced by the same kinds of solutions. Scholars in bioethics have begun to identify what Bruce Jennings has termed a “relational turn” in our understanding of autonomy. This view of autonomy rejects a centuries-old belief that the individual can or does somehow stand apart from his or her community, social circumstances, and political environment. As the philosopher John Christman puts it, “In any number of ways we are constituted by factors that lie beyond our reflective control but which nonetheless structure our values, thoughts, and motivations. ” Much of the most exciting work on autonomy comes from feminist philosophers. Although there &
GPS and ionospheric scintillations

Ionospheric scintillations are one of the earliest known effects of space weather. Caused by ionization density irregularities, scintillating signals change phase unexpectedly and vary rapidly in amplitude. GPS signals are vulnerable to ionospheric irregularities and scintillate with amplitude variations exceeding 20 dB. GPS is a weak signal system and scintillations can interrupt or degrade GPS receiver operation. For individual signals, interruption is caused by fading of the in‐phase and quadrature signals, making the determination of phase by a tracking loop impossible. Degradation occurs when phase scintillations introduce ranging errors or when loss of tracking and failure to acquire signals increases the dilution of precision. GPS scintillations occur most often near the magnetic equator during solar maximum, but they can occur anywhere on Earth during any phase of the solar cycle. In this article we review the subject of GPS and ionospheric scintillations for scientists interested in space weather and engineers interested in the impact of scintillations on GPS receiver design and use.
Recovery of marine benthic habitats and fauna in a Swedish fjord following improved oxygen conditions

The Gullmarsfjord on the Swedish west coast has a sill at 40 m and a maximum depth of 118 m. The stagnant bottom water is usually renewed with oxygen-rich water each spring. In 1997 this did not occur, and the fauna was eliminated at depths below about 100 m and severely reduced between 80 and 100 m depth. In spring 1998, the whole fjord was re-oxygenated and the succession of the benthic fauna was studied at 5 stations over a 2 yr period. Simultaneously, the benthic habitat quality (BHQ) was assessed by analysing sediment redox conditions and faunal burrow structures in sediment profile images. Succession of the benthic fauna is described as increases in number of spe- cies, abundance and biomass. Conspicuous colonisers below 100 m depth were the polychaete Capitella capitata and the heart urchins Echinocardium cordatum and E. flavescens. Return to pre- oxygen stressed conditions was slowest at the deepest stations. By using a multivariate technique (multi-dimensional scaling) we show that the benthic communities at all depths more or less returned to the same faunal composition as during pre-disturbed conditions. The pioneering and mature ben- thic faunal Successional Stages I and III were predictable but not the intermediate Stage II. The path of recovery of the benthic community succession did not retrace the path of degradation. The sedi- mentary habitats and redox conditions were similarly restored over the 2 yr period as analysed by the BHQ index.
Assessment of Neighborhood and Spillover Effects on Technical Efficiency of Irrigated Rice Farmers

Neighborhood and spillover effects on technical efficiency were investigated among 270 randomly drawn farming households from 18 irrigated villages in Guimba, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, using a two-step procedure. In the first stage, stochastic frontier production function was used to estimate farmer’s technical efficiency; in the second stage, appropriate spatial econometric models of technical efficiency were estimated. Spatial econometric models adopted in this study detected spatial dependency on technical efficiency in the error term of the spatial model across seasons and locations, which can be associated with unobserved factors that similarly influence farmers’ technical efficiencies at the same time. Farm size, income, and regular contact and consultation with agricultural technicians were found to significantly affect technical efficiency. Results of the spatial regression show that owner-cultivator status and loamy soil are associated with increased technical efficiency. The local government of Guimba can use findings of this study in formulating agricultural policies and implementing essential interventions to improve the technical efficiency of rice farmers.
NEURORADIOLOGY : Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural

Radiology: Volume 000: Number 0—   2018 n radiology.rsna. org 1 1 From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.). Received January 7, 2017; revision requested March 6; revision received June 19; accepted July 15; final version accepted August 14. Address correspondence to G.H. (e-mail: storynlemon@gmail.com).
Policing youth anti-social behaviour and crime: time for reform?

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the policing of youth anti‐social behaviour and crime.Design/methodology/approach – The paper considers the Independent Commission report, Time for a Fresh Start and argues that its analysis would be enhanced by a fuller consideration of the role of the police as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. As such this represents something of a missed opportunity.Findings – The paper contends that, like many other reviews of youth justice, and proposals for reform, Time for a Fresh Start says relatively little about policing. As gatekeepers and agenda‐setters for much of the criminal justice system, the police occupy a key position. This paper suggests that reform programmes must focus on the role the police play in regulating the flow of young people into the justice system and, in particular, argues in favour of a constructive reappraisal of the value of “diversion”. Originality/value – Without considering the role the police play in regulating the flow of young peopl.
THROMBOLYSIS WITH INTRAVENOUS RECOMBINANT TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR : PART OF ACUTE STROKE CARE

Purpose of review The third International Stroke Trial (IST-3) was a randomized controlled trial of thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute ischemic stroke within 6 h of onset. It sought to determine whether a wider variety of patients might benefit from treatment than were eligible under the prevailing European Union approval for the drug, especially among those aged over 80 years.