Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of the Isolated Compounds from Solanum spirale Roxb. Leaves

The isolations of active anticancer compounds from Solanum spirale Roxb. , collected from Phayao Province, Thailand are rarely reported. The anticancer activities of hexane and methanol extracts of the leaves were investigated. The chloroform extract possessed anticancer activities against KB-Oral cavity cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer cell and NCI-H187-Small cell lung cancer with the IC 50 values of 42.73, 17.90, and 36.74 μg/ mL, respectively. But the hexane extract did not inhibit significant anticancer activity against three cancer cell lines. Lupeol, protocatechuic acid and trans-cinnamic acid have been isolated from the chloroform extract of this medicinal plants. Their structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The anticancer activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated in vitro against three cancer cell lines. Only lupeol compound inhibited significant anticancer activity against KB-Oral cavity cancer with the IC 50- value of 26.73 μg/mL, whereas protocatechuic acid and trans-cinnamic acid did not exhibit anticancer activity. The hexane, chloroform extracts and the isolated compounds did not show cytotoxic activity against the African green monkey kidney cell line. The hexane and chloroform extracts also inhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC values were in the range between 375-1500 μg/mL. All isolated compounds showed equal antibacterial activity against E. coli with the MIC of 250 μg/mL, and trans-cinnamic acid showed better antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the MIC of 250 μg/mL than lupeol and protocatechuic acid. This is the first report decribes the isolation and structure elucidation of lupeol, protocatechuic acid and trans-cinnamic acid together with their anticancer, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities from this medicinal plant.
Osmoregulation in Enterobacteriaceae: role of proline betaine transport systems

In a wide variety of organisms, L-proIine and glycine betaine are amongst the compounds accumulated intracellularly as compatible solutes to counteract the effects of turgor reduction during growth in water-stressed environments. Two osmoregulatory transport systems, ProP and ProU, have been identified and characterized in the enterobacteria, each of which participates in the active concentration of both L-proline and glycine betaine from the culture medium in response to osmotic stress. The expression of genes encoding the components of the ProU porter is induced 400-fold upon growth in high-osmolarity medium; elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying such regulation would possibly enable understanding of the large class of processes that involve transduction of mechanical signals to chemical ones within biological systems. A complete understanding of the molecular basis by which ProP and ProU function in osmoregulation would also provide insight into the mechanisms of similar adaptation at the cellular level in the economically important genera of microbes and higher plants.
Bivalve nutrient cycling : nutrient turnover by suspended mussel communities in oligotrophic fjords

This study examined a range of eco-physiological processes (i.e filtration, growth, excretion, faeces production) and feedback mechanisms with the aim to investigate the contribution of suspended mussel Mytilus edulis communities to nutrient cycling in oligotrophic fjords. Previous work has shown that bivalves have the potential to play an important role in coastal nutrient cycling. Understanding bivalve nutrient dynamics is particularly essential in oligotrophic environments, where bivalve communities potentially have a higher influence as a consequence of low background nutrient levels. The eco-physiological response of individual mussels to oligotrophic conditions indicated that clearance and biodeposition rates were related to food/nutrient availability and were therefore respectively higher and lower compared to rates determined for eutrophic conditions. No specific responses to oligotrophic conditions were observed for excretion of inorganic metabolites or nutrient storage in tissue. However, in situ methods that determined nutrient dynamics along suspended communities (ropes) demonstrated that rates under field conditions may differ from what can be expected from extrapolation of rates measured in the laboratory for individual mussels. Clearance rates were lower for communities while nutrient regeneration was higher, specifically during periods with high fouling activity of ascidians. This study thereby highlights the need to consider community specific processes while evaluating bivalve-ecosystem interactions. Biodeposition is an important pathway in bivalve nutrient cycling and represented up to 47% of ingested nutrients under oligotrophic conditions. Nutrient releases from decomposing biodeposits were high for all nutrients (C-N-P-Si), and approximately 24% of carbon and 17% of nitrogen in the biodeposits were mineralized with enhanced temperatures resulting in faster decomposition (Q10=2-3). Combining mussel physiology with physical conditions of the systems showed that the fraction of ingested nutrients allocated to either nutrient regeneration (source) or nutrient removal (sink) was similar between oligotrophic fjords and eutrophic bays. Nutrient regeneration was imbalanced for each of the elements and differed from ratios observed in the ambient water. Mussel cultures thereby have the potential to influence phytoplankton community composition. However, positive and negative feedback estimates indicated that present mussel aquaculture in Norwegian fjord systems has low influence on nutrient cycling due to the low bivalve densities and physical characteristics of the fjords. This thesis provided insights in the pathways in which mussels interact with nutrient cycling, with special reference to oligotrophic conditions. The empirical data collected in this study can be applied to optimize models that simulate bivalve-ecosystem interactions, and thereby help to understand and predict the exploitation and management of coastal zones.
Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity

Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) comprises a wide spectrum of ligament and tendon failure that may result in significant deformity and disability. It is often associated with posterior tibial tendon deficiency (PTTD), which has been linked to multiple demographic factors, medical comorbidities, and genetic processes. AAFD is classified using stages I through IV. Nonoperative treatment modalities should always be attempted first and often provide resolution in stages I and II. Stage II, consisting of a wide range of flexible deformities, is typically treated operatively with a combination of soft tissue procedures and osteotomies. Stage III, which is characterized by a rigid flatfoot, typically warrants triple arthrodesis. Stage IV, where the flatfoot deformity involves the ankle joint, is treated with ankle arthrodesis or ankle arthroplasty with or without deltoid ligament reconstruction along with procedures to restore alignment of the foot. There is limited evidence as to the optimal procedure; thus, the surgical indications and techniques continue to be researched.
Resected Pancreatic Cancer With N2 Node Involvement Is Refractory to Gemcitabine-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Lymphatic metastasis is a major determinant of the outcome of resected pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the outcome of resected pancreatic cancer. However, the efficacy of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer stratified by nodal involvement is unclear. In this study, patients who had undergone curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (612 cases) were included. The efficacy of adjuvant gemcitabine-based regimen, stratified by nodal status (negative, positive) or N substage (N0, no nodal involvement; N1, 1-3-node involvement; N2, ≥4-node involvement), was examined. Both the node-negative (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.87, P = .006) and node-positive subgroups (HR = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.33-0.62, P < .001) benefited from gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with N0 (ie, the node-negative subgroup) or N1 (HR = 0.36, 95% CI, 0.25-0.52, P < .001) disease benefited from gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. However, patients with N2 tumors (HR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.50-1.78, P = .867) had poor response to gemcitabine-based treatment. Therefore, we postulate that resected pancreatic cancer with N2 node involvement is refractory to gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. A more intensive adjuvant regimen may be required for N2 subgroup patients.
Immunomodulation of the Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Response during HCV Infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection develops into chronic hepatitis in over two-thirds of acute infections. While current treatments with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) achieve HCV eradication in >95% of cases, no vaccine is available and re-infection can readily occur. Natural killer (NK) cells represent a key cellular component of the innate immune system, participating in early defence against infectious diseases, viruses, and cancers. When acute infection becomes chronic, however, NK cell function is altered. This has been well studied in the context of HCV, where changes in frequency and distribution of NK cell populations have been reported. While activating receptors are downregulated on NK cells in both acute and chronic infection, NK cell inhibiting receptors are upregulated in chronic HCV infection, leading to altered NK cell responsiveness. Furthermore, chronic activation of NK cells following HCV infection contributes to liver inflammation and disease progression through enhanced cytotoxicity. Consequently, the NK immune response is a double-edged sword that is a significant component of the innate immune antiviral response, but persistent activation can drive tissue damage during chronic infection. This review will summarise the role of NK cells in HCV infection, and the changes that occur during HCV therapy.
Crystal structures of lysophospholipid-bound MHC class I molecules

Newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins are stabilized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by binding 8–10-mer-long self-peptide antigens that are provided by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). These MHC class I:peptide complexes then exit the ER and reach the plasma membrane, serving to sustain the steady-state MHC class I expression on the cell surface. A novel subset of MHC class I molecules that preferentially bind lipid-containing ligands rather than conventional peptides was recently identified. The primate classical MHC class I allomorphs, Mamu-B*098 and Mamu-B*05104, are capable of binding the N-myristoylated 5-mer (C14-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ser) or 4-mer (C14-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ile) lipopeptides derived from the N-myristoylated SIV Nef protein, respectively, and of activating lipopeptide antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We herein demonstrate that Mamu-B*098 samples lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine containing up to a C20 fatty acid in the ER. The X-ray crystal structures of Mamu-B*098 and Mamu-B*05104 complexed with lysophospholipids at high resolution revealed that the B and D pockets in the antigen-binding grooves of these MHC class I molecules accommodate these lipids through a monoacylglycerol moiety. Consistent with the capacity to bind cellular lipid ligands, these two MHC class I molecules did not require TAP function for cell-surface expression. Collectively, these results indicate that peptide- and lipopeptide-presenting MHC class I subsets use distinct sources of endogenous ligands.
Negative Life History Impacts for Habrobracon hebetor (Hymneoptera: Braconidae) that Develop in Bollworm Larvae Inoculated with Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Abstract Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, is a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest of many crops. Habrobracon hebetor Say and Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) are two important biocontrol agents used to manage this pest, sometimes in combination. We evaluated the sublethal effects of HearNPV on H. hebetor life table parameters under laboratory conditions when its host (second instar H. armigera) was treated with HearNPV, and tested H. hebetor females for their ability to discriminate against inoculated hosts. Emergence of adults reared as solitary larvae was reduced by half on LC30-inoculated larvae compared to controls, but not on LC5 or LC15-inoculated hosts. Low concentrations (LC5, LC15, and LC30) of HearNPV had no effects on overall parasitoid developmental time, but longevity and lifetime fecundity was reduced for females emerging from hosts receiving the LC30 treatment. Net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) were all decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the LC15 and LC30 treatments, as were female life expectancy, age-specific survivorship (lx), and age-specific fecundity (mx), whereas population doubling time (DT) increased. Parasitoids did not discriminate against LC15inoculated larvae in choice or no-choice tests, but parasitized more LC50-inoculated hosts than controls in the choice test, with no significant differences in total numbers of eggs laid in either case. Although parasitoids suffered some loss of fitness in HearNPV-inoculated hosts under these laboratory conditions, these agents still appear compatible for joint application against H. armigera under field conditions, provided parasitoid releases are made 2 d after NPV application.
Conservative vs. surgical approach for degenerative meniscal injuries: a systematic review of clinical evidence.

OBJECTIVE Analyzing the available evidence by comparing the role of arthroscopic surgery and conservative treatment in the management of degenerative meniscopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was carried out on the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PEDro databases in May 2019 to identify all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing arthroscopic surgery to conservative management of painful but stable degenerated menisci. The quality of the RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment. RESULTS A total of 10 studies, including 1525 patients and dealing with conservative treatment vs. arthroscopic surgery were included in this review. In eight studies the effectiveness of exercise therapy was compared to surgery; in one study the effectiveness of intra-articular steroid injection was compared to surgery; in one study the effectiveness of placebo surgery was compared to partial meniscectomy. In all studies, no significant inter-group difference in terms of knee pain and knee function were observed at any follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Degenerative meniscal tears, without symptoms of locking and catching, can be successfully managed by a proper regimen of physical therapy as a first line treatment. Surgical approach might be considered in case of poor response after conservative treatment.
Plant Breeding and Whole-System Crop Physiology

Shifts from current paradigms suggested by near-whole and whole-system research the beginning of systems thinking about breeding for yield biomass accumulation - the first major physiological genetic component of yield partitioning of photosynthate - the second major physiological genetic component of yield days to maturity - the third major physiological genetic component of yield a model of photoperiod x temperature interaction effects on plant development prediction of phenology by the genotype x photoperiod x temperature interaction model interactive control over plant development by vernalization, photoperiodism and temperature yield system analysis - an adjunct to yield trials interplant competition and breeding for higher crop yield system-established interconnections among plant traits and implications for plant breeding strategies maximizing efficiency of breeding for higher crop yield systems thinking requires multidisciplinary expertise and collaboration.
Sleep Dysfunction and Mood in Collegiate Soccer Athletes

Background: Sleep and mood are critical factors that contribute to health and wellness and are of particular interest to collegiate athletes who are juggling high physical, academic, and social demands. The aim of this study was to examine how psychological measures, player status, and sex-related factors were associated with perceived sleep quality. Hypothesis: Higher levels of global sleep dysfunction will be related to poor mood and increased anxiety, and there will be differences in sleep dysfunction in male compared with female athletes as well as regarding playing status. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: During the 2016 through 2018 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) seasons, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Profile of Mood States, and Sports Anxiety Scale–2 questionnaires were administered to 230 soccer athletes at 6 separate time points throughout each season. Results: PSQI results yielded scores ≥5 in 54% of observations. Increased sleep dysfunction was significantly related to decreased vigor and increased tension, depression, anger, fatigue, somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption, although effect sizes (ES) were trivial (ES, –0.03 to 0.15). The odds ratio (OR) of reporting global sleep dysfunction increased by 8%, 9%, and 25% for every 1-unit increase in tension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = 0.015), fatigue (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.16; P = 0.002), and concentration disruption (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45; P = 0.002), respectively. The odds of reporting global sleep dysfunction were 55% lower for males than females (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25-0.79; P = 0.006). Conclusion: Global sleep dysfunction was prevalent in NCAA soccer players and was related to negative mental health outcomes. Female participants experienced increased odds of reporting global sleep dysfunction. Clinical Relevance: Regular monitoring allows for a greater understanding of the interrelatedness between sleep and mental health in athletes.
Spatial and temporal patterns of coral bleaching around Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.

Since 2001, biannual fish and habitat monitoring has been conducted for the shallow (> 30 m), colonized pavement and gorgonian dominated Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM) St. Croix, USVI and adjacent waters. during October, 2005, widespread coral bleaching was observed within the -50 km2 study area that was preceded by 10 wks of higher than average water temperatures (28.9-30.1 °C). Random transects (100 m2) were conducted on linear reefs, patch reefs, bedrock, pavement, and scattered coral/rock habitats during October 2005, and April and October 2006, and species specific bleaching patterns were documented. during October 2005 approximately 51% of live coral cover was bleached. Nineteen of 23 coral species within 16 genera and two hydrocoral species exhibited signs of bleaching. Coral cover for Montastraea annularis and species of the genus Agaricia were the most affected, while other species exhibited variability in their susceptibility to bleaching. Bleaching was evident at all depths (1.5-28 m), was negatively correlated with depth, and positively correlated with habitat complexity. Bleaching was less prevalent at all depths and habitat types upon subsequent monitoring during April (15%) and October (3%) 2006. Four species and one genus did not exhibit signs of bleaching throughout the study period (Dendrogyra cylindrus, Eusmilia fastigata, Mussa angulosa, Mycetophyllia aliciae, Scolymia spp.).
Genomics: Applications in Human Biology

Chapter One: Biotechnology And Genomics In Medicine.Introduction. Recombinant DNA Technology.From Recombinant DNA To Molecular Medicine.Gene Medicine.Disease Models.The Impact Of Genomics On Medicine.The New Molecular Medicine.Outline Of This Book.Further Reading.Chapter Two: An Overview Of Genomics.Introduction. A Review Of Progress: The Human Genome Project.The Future: Functional Genomics.Mutational Genomics.Further Reading.Chapter Three: Genomics And The Challenge Of Infectious Disease.Microorganisms Causing Disease.Where Do New Diseases Come From? Identifying The Causative Agent Of A Disease.Molecular Epidemiology.Host Resistance To Infection.Understanding Bacterial Pathogenicity.Comparative Genomics And Genome Plasticity.Combating Infectious Disease.Further Reading.Chapter Four: Analyzing And Treating Genetic Diseases.Genetic Disease In Context.Detecting Single Gene Disorders.Treating Single Gene Disorders.Finding Genes For Monogenic Diseases And Determining Gene Function.Analysis Of Polygenic Disorders.Haplotypes. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Individual Responses To Drugs (Pharmacogenomics). Further Reading.Chapter Five: Diagnosis And Treatment Of Cancer.Introduction. The Impact Of Genomics On Cancer Research.New Methods For The Diagnosis Of Cancer.New Approaches To Cancer Therapy.Further Reading.Chapter Six: The Large Scale Production Of Biopharmaceuticals.Overview. The Generation Of Monoclonal Antibodies.The Large Scale Culture Of Microorganisms.The Large Scale Culture Of Animal Cells.Expression Systems.Downstream Processing.Using Gene Manipulation To Facilitate Downstream Processing. Of Biopharmaceuticals.The Quality Of Biopharmaceuticals.Good Manufacturing Practice.Alternative Production Systems.Further Reading.Chapter Seven: Genomics And The Development Of New Chemical Entities.Introduction. How Drugs Are Developed.High-Throughput Screening.Target Validation And Animal Models.Combinatorial Chemistry.Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries.Virtual Screening.Combinatorial Biosynthesis And Chemobiosynthesis.Drug Metabolism.Toxicogenomics. Further Reading.Chapter Eight: Gene And Cell Therapies.Introduction. Gene Therapy.Nucleic Acids As Drugs.DNA Vaccines.Disease Models.Cell Therapy.Further Reading.
CG-seq: a toolbox for automatic annotation of genomes by comparative analysis

CG-seq is a software pipeline to identify functional regions such as noncoding RNAs or protein coding genes in a genomic sequence by comparative analysis and multispecies comparison. It takes as input a genomic sequence to annotate and a set of other sequences coming from a variety of species to be compared against the user sequence. The pipeline includes several external software components to perform sequence analysis tasks as well as some new features that were especially developed for the purpose. CG-seq is distributed under the GPL licence. It is available both for command line interface usage or with a Graphical User Interface. It can be downloaded from http://bioinfo.lifl. fr/CGseq. A web version can also be runned from this same website for input data of limited length.
.-------------------------------------------------- -

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Detrital-zircon ages and geochemistry of sedimentary rocks in basement Mesozoic terranes and their cover rocks in New Caledonia, and provenances at the Eastern Gondwanaland margin C.J. Adams, Dominique Cluzel, W.L. Griffin