Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redox regulation of salicylic acid synthesis in plant immunity

Salicylic acid (SA) is essential to the establishment of both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against a wide range of phytopathogens. Isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) is the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of SA and it is transcriptionally activated by the regulatory proteins SAR deficient 1 (SARD1) and Calmodulin binding protein 60g (CBP60g). It has been demonstrated previously that the loss-of-function mutant, S-nitrosogluthione reductase 1-3 (gsnor1-3), increased cellular levels of S-nitrosylation. Significantly, accumulation of both free SA and its storage form SA-glucoside (SAG), were substantially reduced, disabling multiple SA-dependent immune responses. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this observation remains to be established. Our data suggests that the transcription of ICS1 and it regulators, SARD and CBP60g, are reduced in the gsnor1-3 mutant, implying that increased cellular S-nitrosylation blunts the expression of ICS1 by reducing the transcription of its activators. We demonstrated that SARD1 is S-nitrosylated in vitro resulting in inhibition of its DNA binding activity. Further, Cys438 of SARD1 was found to be the site of S-nitrosylation, demonstrated by the observation that the SARD1 C438S mutant was insensitive to NO regulation in regard to DNA binding activity. Content Abbreviations . 1 Chapter
Expression Analysis of Conserve MicroRNAs in Rice Under Abiotic Stress Condition

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small regulatory RNA molecules (20–24 nucleotides)that play important role in various aspects in plant development and come out as gene expression regulators at post-transcriptional levels in plants. Plant microRNAs indulge inmiscellaneous biological processes together with growth and stress responses.Salt and drought stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses of crop plant world-wide. Although the expression of miRNAs under abiotic stress is not well understood and our efforts are just beginning to be explored it.We analyzed the promoters of 11 conserve miRNAs family (miR156, miR159, miR160, miR164, miR166, miR167, miR169, miR171, miR172, miR393, miR396) contained all the stress-related cis-elements.Among these miRNAs we found only two miRNAs- miRNA396 and miRNA169 showing up regulation in salt and drought stress respectively.
Living in Drylands: Functional Adaptations of Trees and Shrubs to Cope with High Temperatures and Water Scarcity

Plant functioning and survival in drylands are affected by the combination of high solar radiation, high temperatures, low relative humidity, and the scarcity of available water. Many ecophysiological studies have dealt with the adaptation of plants to cope with these stresses in hot deserts, which are the territories that have better evoked the idea of a dryland. Nevertheless, drylands can also be found in some other areas of the Earth that are under the Mediterranean-type climates, which imposes a strong aridity during summer. In this review, plant species from hot deserts and Mediterranean-type climates serve as examples for describing and analyzing the different responses of trees and shrubs to aridity in drylands, with special emphasis on the structural and functional adaptations of plants to avoid the negative effects of high temperatures under drought conditions. First, we analyze the adaptations of plants to reduce the input of energy by diminishing the absorbed solar radiation through (i) modifications of leaf angle and (ii) changes in leaf optical properties. Afterwards, we analyze several strategies that enhance the ability for heat dissipation through (i) leaf size reduction and changes in leaf shape (e.g., through lobed leaves), and (ii) increased transpiration rates (i.e., water-spender strategy), with negative consequences in terms of photosynthetic capacity and water consumption, respectively. Finally, we also discuss the alternative strategy showed by water-saver plants, a common drought resistance strategy in hot and dry environments that reduces water consumption at the expense of diminishing the ability for leaf cooling. In conclusion, trees and shrubs living in drylands have developed effective functional adaptations to cope with the combination of high temperature and water scarcity, all of them with clear benefits for plant functioning and survival, but also with different costs concerning water use, carbon gain, and/or leaf cooling.
Using the mask – Do’s and Don’ts in the COVID-19 scenario

A face mask is a loose-fitting, disposable outfit that acts as a physical barrier between the mouth and nose of an individual and the potential pollutants in the surrounding environment COVID-19 which is also called as 2019-nCov is caused by the novel coronavirus and it is spread by the salivary droplets or nasal discharge released when an infected person coughs or sneezes In the current COVID-19 scenario, the face mask is designed to ameliorate the prevention of airborne transmission of the novel coronavirus The use of face mask is competent only when the other personal preventive measures are ide-ally pursued The effectiveness of the use of face mask depends strongly on the do’s and don’ts which has to followed while wearing a face mask The purpose of this study is to analyze and summarize the published literature associated with the types, usage, risks, limitations, disposal and reusability of face mask The availability of medication and treatment options are sparse and the development of vaccines for COVID-19 is going to take a longer time Hence the most effective strategy to curb the spread of the disease is by the judicious use of face mask along with other personal protective measures
Cryopreservation of Indian Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus Gallus Murghi) Spermatozoa: A First Approach

The experiment was designed to show the capacity of Indian Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus murghi) sperm to be cryopreserved. The changes in characteristics of Indian Red Jungle Fowl spermatozoa during different phases of cryopreservation with the glycerol cryoprotectant and straw packaging were recorded. Semen from eight mature cocks were pooled, diluted at 37 °C in a Tselutin poultry extender, cooled to 4 °C in 2 h (0.275 min−1) and equilibrated for 10 min after the addition of 11% glycerol. Cooled semen was filled in 0.5 mL French straws, kept over liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and plunged into liquid nitrogen. Frozen semen was thawed at 37 °C for 30 s. Sperm motility, plasma membrane plasticity, livability, and acrosomal integrity were assessed at the stage of pre-dilution (37 °C), post-dilution, cooling, equilibration and freeze-thawing. The experiment was repeated five times. Sperm motility did not change at post-dilution and cooling and averaged 83.3±3.1%. However, motility declined (P<0.05) to 66.0±2.4% and 45.0±6.5% at post-equilibration and thawing stages, respectively. The sperm plasma membrane plasticity at the pre-dilution stage was 74.8±1.4% and decreased (P<0.05) to 62.3±1.7%, 51.7±1.7%, and 42.0±1.2% at the stages of post-dilution, cooling and freeze-thawing, respectively. A decline (P < 0.05) in acrosomal integrity was observed at post-cooling (83.8±2.4%), equilibration (80.8±0.8%) and thawing (73.8±2.4%). It is concluded that Indian Red Jungle sperm seem to adapt quite well to the freeze-thaw process that mainly alters the motility capacities and much less the acrosomal integrity. To our knowledge, this is the first ever report on cryopreservation of Indian Red Jungle Fowl spermatozoa.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs nanotechnology-based systems for prevention and therapy of diabetes

XXI RESUMO . XXV ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS LIST . XXIX CHAPTER I LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 1. Diabetes mellitus.3 1.2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 3 2. Incretin hormones.4 2.1. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) . 4 2.2. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). 5 3. Barriers to the oral delivery of biologicals.9 3.1. The biochemical barrier.9 3.2. The mucus barrier.10 3.3. The epithelial barrier.11 4. Multistage platforms based in particulate carrier systems for the oral delivery of peptides and proteins . 13 4.1. Increasing the gastrointestinal retention time.21 4.2. pH-sensitive platforms for tailoring peptides and proteins release.25 4.3. Redox potential-responsive drug carriers for controlled release.28 4.4. Targeting at the absorption site: membrane transporters and receptors on the gastrointestinal tract.29 4.5. Co-delivery of biopharmaceuticals with other modulators.34 5. Microfluidics for multisystems platforms production . 38 6. Safety, toxicity and regulatory concerns of multisystems platforms based in particulate carrier systems . 40 7. References . 43 CHAPTER II OVERVIEW AND AIMS . 69
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) has a strong influence on the cooperation among partners and the performance of the entire production chain across the world. A supply chain designed to minimize risks enables firms to establish a competitive position and provides long-term benefits to stakeholders. Especially in a complicated and slow-growing industry like Automotive Industry. The auto industry's most important segments including commercial vehicles and passenger cars. Global sales of passenger cars are forecast to fall to 59.5 million units in 2020, down from a peak of 79.6 in 2017. The SCRM system should be structured to manage both routine and extraordinary risks, such as economical crisis, global pandemic issues, or even other unexpected event. The risks should be managed both reactively, by monitoring changes in the chain, the needs of customers, technology and the strategies of suppliers and competitors, among others, to enable quick reaction to events; and proactively, to identify risks and implement actions to prevent them or minimize their impacts. The basic risk management process consists of identifying, evaluating, mitigating and controlling risks. The objective of this paper is to analyze how SCRM could manages the risk factors in Automotive Industry’s supply chain in three different segmentation perspective. To achieve this aim, we performed a qualitative, applied and exploratory field study of the development trend of automotive Industry across the world, Asia, and Indonesia in terms of gaining more insight about the latest development trend of SCRM implementation in various segmentation. The data were collected by doing literature review from previous published research related to SCRM in Automotive Industry.
Simulated Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea, Injury in an Indeterminate Soybean Cultivar at Various Growth Stages under Non-Irrigated Conditions in the Southern United States

Soybean is considered one of the most valuable crops in the United States of America. Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is among several insect pests which are associated with soybean, damaging leaves when infestations occur during the vegetative stages, and flowers and pods during the reproductive stages, which can directly impact yield. Artificial fruit removal is a method used to understand insect damage and to adjust action levels for control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of five levels of fruit removal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) at four stages (R2, R3, R4 and R5) on maturity and yield of soybean. These methods were used to simulate H. zea damage under controlled conditions in non-irrigated environments, during 2016 and 2017. There was a significant interaction between fruit removal timing and fruit removal level for the percentage of non-senesced main stems and abscised leaves. For soybean yield, there was no significant interaction between fruit removal timing and fruit removal level. Plots that received fruit removal treatments at R5 had significantly lower soybean yields compared to plots that received damage at other growth stages and the nontreated control. Plots with 100% fruit removal had significantly lower yields compared to plots that received any of the other fruit removal treatments. These data demonstrate that indeterminate midmaturity group IV soybeans that are commonly grown in the midsouthern region of the United States may be able to compensate for even severe levels of fruit loss early during the reproductive portion of the growing season if favorable growing conditions occur.
A Perspective on Work-Life Balance and Its Determinants

With a changing demography and social structure, the work life balance (WLB) is a major concern felt by employees of most organizations. This study has attempted to have relook at the constructs of work-life balance from the perspectives of banking and information technology employees with various household structures. The present study develops a multidimensional work-life balance scale to measure existing levels of work-life balance. The scale considers work-life balance as a multidimensional second order construct comprising workplace inclusion, family support, employee benefit, time management, coworker relationship, and supervisor-subordinate relationship. The study reveals not only indicators of organizational family work culture, but also personal characteristics such as time management and familial support determine work-life balance. However, no significant difference was perceived in the work life balance was found between employees with different family structures and between the two sectors considered under the study. Also, there was no significant difference in perception of work life- balance between knowledge workers from IT and banking sectors.
Machine learning for metallurgy II. A neural-network potential for magnesium

Interatomic potentials are essential for studying fundamental mechanisms of deformation and failure in metals and alloys because the relevant defects (dislocations, cracks, etc.) are far above the scales accessible to first-principles studies. Existing potentials for non-fcc metals and nearly all alloys are, however, not sufficiently quantitative for many crucial phenomena. Here machine learning in the Behler-Parrinello neural-network framework is used to create a broadly applicable potential for pure hcp magnesium (Mg). Lightweight Mg and its alloys are technologically important while presenting a diverse range of slip systems and crystal surfaces relevant to both plasticity and fracture that present a significant challenge for any potential. The machine learning potential is trained on first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) computable metallurgically relevant properties and is then shown to well predict metallurgically crucial dislocation and crack structures and competing phenomena. Extensive comparisons to an existing very good modified embedded atom method potential are made. These results demonstrate that a single machine learning potential can represent the wide scope of phenomena required for metallurgical studies. The DFT database is openly available for use in any other machine learning method. The method is naturally extendable to alloys, which are necessary for engineering applications but where ductility and fracture are controlled by complex atomic-scale mechanisms that are not well predicted by existing potentials.
Bimodal fire regimes unveil a global‐scale anthropogenic fingerprint

Aim While fire is recognized as an integral part of the Earth system, the ability of humans to shape fire regimes both spatially and temporally remains poorly understood. Our goals were to identify the extent of fire regimes exhibiting two annual fire seasons and to investigate the environmental correlates of such regimes at the global scale. Location All areas of the globe exhibiting relevant fire activity, at 0.5o spatial resolution. Time period 2002-2012. Major taxa studied (not applicable). Methods The modality of fire seasonality at the global scale was classified using a 10-year record of satellite-derived fire activity and model fitting of circular statistical distributions. The main environmental correlates controlling global fire regimes were then analysed over bimodal and unimodal areas using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Results About 25% of the global land surface with relevant fire activity has two significantly distinct fire seasons per year, with at least one of these seasons occurring under sub-optimal fire weather conditions. In these bimodal areas, population density and the fraction of fires occurring in actively managed land, especially in croplands and pastures, are significantly higher than in neighbouring unimodal areas. Results reveal that through these land-use and management practices humans have a strong influence on global patterns of fire seasonality. Main conclusions We identified a bimodal seasonality pattern, previously unreported at the global scale, and show that it reveals an anthropogenic fingerprint on fire regimes. Insights into where and when fire is actively employed as a land management tool enhance our understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system, and highlight the need to better understand how fire practices may change in the future.
Necesidades de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedades huérfanas: cerrando brechas a través del cuidado enfermero

Objetivo: establecer las necesidades de los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedades huérfanas teniendo en cuenta el Modelo de la Enfermería Adventista. Metodología: revisión de literatura que abarcó artículos cuantitativos y cualitativos hallados en bases de datos y revistas indexadas en idiomas español, inglés y portugués, entre los años 2014 y 2019, cuyo rigor metodológico cumplieran criterios STROBE, COREQ, PRISMA y JADAD. La información obtenida fue relacionada con el modelo de la Enfermería Adventista, NOC y NIC. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 28 artículos que analizaban necesidades físicas, psicológicas, sociales, educativas, espirituales, sanitarias y económicas en los cuidadores de personas con enfermedades huérfanas, que requerían soporte multidisciplinar e integral, incluyendo apoyo espiritual enfermero mediante intervenciones propuestas por la NIC y el modelo de Enfermería Adventista (cuidado, conexión con Dios y el otro, y empoderamiento del cuidador en su propia salud). Conclusión: Las necesidades de los cuidadores abarcan diferentes áreas del ser, que pueden ser abordadas con intervenciones independientes e interdependientes, identificadas mediante modelos teóricos.
Dictionary-Based Tensor-Train Sparse Coding

Multidimensional signal processing is receiving a lot of interest recently due to the wide spread appearance of multidimensional signals in different applications of data science. Many of these fields rely on prior knowledge of particular properties, such as sparsity for instance, in order to enhance the performance and the efficiency of the estimation algorithms. However, these multidimensional signals are, often, structured into high-order tensors, where the computational complexity and storage requirements become an issue for growing tensor orders. In this paper, we present a sparse-based Joint dImensionality Reduction And Factors rEtrieval (JIRAFE). More specifically, we assume that an arbitrary factor admits a decomposition into a redundant dictionary coded as a sparse matrix, called the sparse coding matrix. The goal is to estimate the sparse coding matrix in the Tensor-Train model framework.
Broadcasting Competitively Against Adaptive Adversary in Multi-Channel Radio Networks

Broadcasting in wireless networks is vulnerable to adversarial jamming. To thwart such behavior, \emph{resource competitive analysis} is proposed. In this framework, sending, listening, or jamming on one channel for one time slot costs one unit of energy. The adversary can employ arbitrary strategy to disrupt communication, but has a limited energy budget $T$. The honest nodes, on the other hand, aim to accomplish broadcast while spending only $o(T)$. Previous work has shown, in a $C$-channels network containing $n$ nodes, for large $T$ values, each node can receive the message in $\tilde{O}(T/C)$ time, while spending only $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{T/n})$ energy. However, these multi-channel algorithms only work for certain values of $n$ and $C$, and can only tolerate an oblivious adversary. In this work, we provide new upper and lower bounds for broadcasting in multi-channel radio networks, from the perspective of resource competitiveness. Our algorithms work for arbitrary $n,C$ values, require minimal prior knowledge, and can tolerate a powerful adaptive adversary. More specifically, in our algorithms, for large $T$ values, each node's runtime is $O(T/C)$, and each node's energy cost is $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{T/n})$. We also complement algorithmic results with lower bounds, proving both the time complexity and the energy complexity of our algorithms are optimal or near-optimal (within a poly-log factor). Our technical contributions lie in using "epidemic broadcast" to achieve time efficiency and resource competitiveness, and employing coupling techniques in the analysis to handle the adaptivity of the adversary. At the lower bound side, we first derive a new energy complexity lower bound for 1-to-1 communication in the multi-channel setting, and then apply simulation and reduction arguments to obtain the desired result.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Phenol by a Novel Binary Catalyst of Fe-Ni/MAC

Iron-nickel supported on modified active carbon (Fe-Ni/MAC) was prepared and characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and EDS, followed by evaluating the practicability of Fe-Ni/MAC in treating real wastewater with a high concentration of phenol. Results showed that the optimal conditions for catalytic ozonation obtained by response surface methodology (RSM) were catalyst 10 g/L, ozone 68 mg/L, pH 9 and reaction time 90 min. Fe-Ni alloy and NiFe2O4 were demonstrated to be the dominant active species involved in catalytic reaction. The Fe-Ni/MAC catalyst can be reused six times with a satisfactory performance and little leaching of metal ions. Although some radicals like ·OH and ·O2 functioned well, singlet oxygen (O2) was regarded as the most important radical in the Fe-Ni/MAC process. Most noticeably, the fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) certified that as much as 1243 mg/L phenol in the real wastewater was completely degraded, which made Fe-Ni/MAC a fairly practical catalyst.
Differential Cytotoxic Effects of Jaspine B in Various Cancer Cells

Jaspine B is an anhydrophytosphingosine that is isolated from a marine sponge. Because of its structural similarity to sphingosine, it shows anti-cancer effects in human carcinomas. Therefore, this study aims to investigate its anti-proliferative effect on various cancer cells and to correlate its association with the intracellular accumulation of Jaspine B in relevant cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of Jaspine B in various cancer cells was determined by a cell viability test, and the intracellular concentration of Jaspine B in relevant cancer cells was determined using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The correlation coefficient and p value between the cytotoxicity and the cell accumulation of Jaspine B were determined using SPSS 16.1. The cytotoxicity of Jaspine B varied depending on the type of cancer cell when compared the EC 50 values of Jaspine B. Breast and melanoma cancer cells were susceptible to Jaspine B, whereas renal carcinoma cells were resistant. The intracellular concentrations of Jaspine B had a reciprocal correlation with the EC 50 values in the same cells (r = 0.838). The results suggested that the anti-proliferative effect of Jaspine B was associated with the cellular accumulation of this compound. However, Jaspine B was not a substrate for P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, as major efflux pumps caused multidrug resistance. The maintenance of a high intracellular concentration is crucial for the cytotoxic effect of Jaspine B; however, efflux pumps may not be a controlling factor for Jaspine B-related resistance in cancer cells.