Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source/drain germanium condensation for p-channel strained ultra-thin body transistors

This paper reports a novel technique to fabricate uniaxial compressive strained p-channel transistors with silicon-germanium (SiGe) source and drain (S/D) stressors. The process involves local Ge condensation of a selectively grown SiGe region, thus driving Ge into and enriching the Ge concentration in the source and drain regions adjacent to the transistor channel. The process is particularly suitable for ultra-thin-body (UTB) transistors since it eliminates the need for a Si recess etch prior to SiGe epitaxy. In addition, the required thermal budget for Ge condensation is not prohibitive for UTB structures. High Ge mole fraction could be achieved in the S/D regions, leading to higher strain levels in the transistor channel. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) P-MOSFETs with a gate length LG of 90 nm. Drive current IDsat enhancement of up to 35% was observed
Design of a 120 W balanced GaN Doherty power amplifier

In this paper the design of a high power balanced Doherty power amplifier (PAs) will be reported. The Doherty PA was designed to achieve high average efficiency for digitally modulated signals with high peak to average power ratio (PAR) used in third (3G) and fourth (4G) generation systems. To achieve high efficiency up to 6 dB output power back-off (OPBO), a combined design technique of uneven power divider and use of unsymmetrical devices has been considered. At same time in order to improve its linearity and higher power capability a balanced structure, which combines two identical Doherty amplifiers has been proposed. For demonstration, a 120 W Doherty PA has been implemented to operate at 2.5 GHz. A drain efficiency of 57% (48% power added efficiency (PAE)) has been measured at its maximum output power of 50.8 dBm. Efficiency of more than 40% at the 6 dB output power back-off has been also measured. Moreover, the Doherty PA has been characterized using two-tone signal of 10 MHz spacing which resulted in a third order inter modulation ratio of −35 dBc at the 8.5 dB output power back-off level.
Evaluation of multiple bit upset tolerant codes for NoCs buffering

Newest technologies of integrated circuits manufacture allow billions of transistors arranged in a single chip enabling to implement a complex parallel system, which requires a communication architecture with high scalability and a high degree of parallelism, such as a Network-on-Chip (NoC). As the integration technology scales down, the probability of Multiple Cell Upsets (MCUs) increases. NoC buffers are exposed to MCUs induced by different sources. In this paper, we evaluate Error Correction Codes (ECCs) to protect NoC buffers from permanent MCUs. We guide our evaluation to measure the area and power overhead of each implementation of ECC, as well as their correction and detection rates. We conducted experiments varying buffer parameters (16 and 32-bits flit length) and three different protection codes. The results show that the costs of adding an ECC in each input buffer of the NoC are justified by the decrease of error occurrence for systems exposed to MCU events.
МЕТОД СКРЫТОЙ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ДАННЫХ В КОМПЬЮТЕРИЗИРОВАННЫХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ

Информация, циркулирующая в каналах передачи данных информационно-измерительных систем (ИИС), во многих случаях носит конфиденциальный характер и требует принятия специальных мер для сохранения ее целостности, защиты от несанкционированного доступа или сокрытии самого факта ее передачи. Одним из эффективных методов решения этой задачи является метод стеганографии [1]. Этот метод защиты информации предполагает «встраивание» сообщения в поток цифровых данных, как правило имеющих аналоговую природу – речь, аудиозаписи, изображения, видео и т. п. Известны также предложения по встраиванию информации в исполняемые и текстовые файлы программ [1].
Investigation of electrical properties of carbon nanotubes

This paper presents the investigation of electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT). A sandwich configuration, quartz substrate/Cr/Al/CNT (partially immersed in SiN)/Cr/Al was investigated. The CNT are mainly oriented parallel with the electrodes. Current - voltage characteristics were taken at 20 K and room temperature and a current - temperature characteristic was taken at constant voltage (20 mV). The I - V characteristics are almost linear, while the G - V characteristics present some peaks and dips, interpreted as voltage percolation thresholds. The I - T and R - T characteristics are also linear (except at low temperatures). The investigated structures have a high electrical polarizability.
Self‐administered methoxyflurane for procedural analgesia: experience in a tertiary Australasian centre

Methoxyflurane, an agent formerly used as a volatile anaesthetic but that has strong analgesic properties, will soon become available again in the UK and Europe in the form of a small hand‐held inhaler. We describe our experience in the use of inhaled methoxyflurane for procedural analgesia within a large tertiary hospital. In a small pilot crossover study of patients undergoing burns‐dressing procedures, self‐administered methoxyflurane inhalation was preferred to ketamine‐midazolam patient‐controlled analgesia by five of eight patients. Patient and proceduralist outcomes and satisfaction were recorded from a subsequent case series of 173 minor surgical and radiological procedures in 123 patients performed using inhaled methoxyflurane. The procedures included change of dressing, minor debridement, colonoscopy and incision‐and‐drainage of abscess. There was a 97% success rate of methoxyflurane analgesia to facilitate these procedures. Limitations of methoxyflurane include maximal daily and weekly doses, and uncertainty regarding its safety in patients with pre‐existing renal disease.
Multivariate Weibull Distribution for Wind Speed and Wind Power Behavior Assessment

The goal of this paper is to show how to derive the multivariate Weibull probability density function from the multivariate Standard Normal one and to show its applications. Having Weibull distribution parameters and a correlation matrix as input data, the proposal is to obtain a precise multivariate Weibull distribution that can be applied in the analysis and simulation of wind speeds and wind powers at different locations. The main advantage of the distribution obtained, over those generally used, is that it is defined by the classical parameters of the univariate Weibull distributions and the correlation coefficients and all of them can be easily estimated. As a special case, attention has been paid to the bivariate Weibull distribution, where the hypothesis test of the correlation coefficient is defined.
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change

Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are heavily biased in the directions predicted from global warming and have been linked to local or regional climate change through correlations between climate and biological variation, field and laboratory experiments, and physiological research. Range-restricted species, particularly polar and mountaintop species, show severe range contractions and have been the first groups in which entire species have gone extinct due to recent climate change. Tropical coral reefs and amphibians have been most negatively affected. Predator-prey and plant-insect interactions have been disrupted when interacting species have responded differently to warming. Evolutionary adaptations to warmer conditions have occurred in the interiors of species’ ranges, and resource use and dispersal have evolved rapidly at expanding range margins. Observed genetic shifts modulate local effects of climate change, but there is little evidence that they will mitigate negative effects at the species level.
Multiple approaches to control dental unit water line biofilm contamination

Biofilms form rapidly on dental unit waterlines. The specific design of dental units favors bacteria to colonize surfaces and to form biofilm in water supply tubes, including dental unit water line (DUWL). The majority of the organisms in the biofilm are harmless environmental species, but some dental units may harbour opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Microbiological control of dental unit waterline biofilm is extremely significant for patients and dental personnel. Based on the latest scientific literature, this study presents the ways of reducing/controlling microbial contamination of dental treatment water biofilm. The use of disinfectants, flushing and quorum sensing inhibitors are described. Further research to evaluate effectiveness, convenience on a day-to-day basis and economic aspects of various methods is required.
Promoting person-centred practice within acute care: the impact of culture and context on a facilitated practice development programme

Background: The promotion of person-centredness in practice has the capacity to make a critical difference to the care experience of patients and staff. While there is growing international evidence to suggest that emancipatory practice development programmes can develop person-centred cultures, understanding of how person-centredness is effectively operationalised in practice remains an underdeveloped area.Aim: The research aim was to explore how the culture and context of acute care practice settings impacts on the engagement of practitioners in a facilitated practice development programme.Methods: The methodology used was programme evaluation, using multi-methods including process evaluation, reflective accounts and focus group interviews. Data analysis was undertaken using a creative hermeneutic approach.Findings: The findings highlighted that the programme enabled a level of engagement that was characterised by positive ways of working, building relationships and maintaining momentum. This in turn impacted on the ability to embrace person-centred values in practice and reflected nurses’ confidence and competence. Person-centredness in practice was also impeded by conflicting priorities characterised by a sense of feeling pressurised, limited staffing and resources, and the challenges of an evolving context, particularly within the provision of services in acute hospitals. Conclusions: The findings are confirmatory and add to the existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of practice development as an approach that facilitates teams to explore their own practice. The findings, however, add to existing evidence by highlighting new insights that should be taken into account when delivering a facilitated practice development programme. These insights reflect the tussle between the impact of context and the development of cultures that support person-centredness in everyday practice.
Thermoelectric properties on n-type Si80Ge20 with different Dopants

Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub> is typical thermoelectric materials used for higher temperature as thermoelectric generator. Their property is dependent on their composition. Here different dopants, including P, Ga, B, GaP, In, Sb and InSb, were used to investigate their effect on the thermoelectric properties of n type Si<sub>80</sub>Ge<sub>20</sub> alloys. The results describe that GaP and InSb are good dopant for n type alloys. Especially p type dopants Ga and In are very good multiplex dopant as dopants GaP and InSb for n type Si<sub>80</sub>Ge<sub>20</sub> respectively by Seebeck coefficient of n type Si<sub>80</sub>Ge<sub>20 </sub> at same time
EEG CLASSIFICATION USING ADAPTIVE RESONANCE THEORY

In the recent times, increasingly more number of research activities is being conducted about the different methods that humans can communicate with computers. Despite the competence of various users, the normal model of keyboard and mouse may not be suitable to people having disabilities; it may prove a little clumsy as well. One possible way to enable interaction between human beings and computers is by using signals of Electroencephalogram (EEG) that does not demand much regarding physical abilities. When the computer is trained to identify and organize EEG signals, the users can maneuver the machine effectively by just thinking about the actions they want the machine to perform within some defined group of choices. The signals of Electroencephalogram (BCI) are the electrical signals gathered from scalp of humans. They are being used frequently in the interaction between brain and computer. One primary growing research in the field of medical science is diagnosis of brain’s abnormalities. Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used as a tool in measurement of activities of brain that reveal brain’s conditions. In our proposed system our aim of this study is to classify the EEG signal for identify the difference brain thought or actions. It is proposed to develop an automated system for the classification of brain thoughts by ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory) and RBF (Radial Basis Function) algorithms. Finally we show the difference between the accuracy of two algorithms for identifying the EEG signal.
Kenneth Boulding as a Moral Scientist

Kenneth Boulding’s AEA presidential address argued that economics is a moral science. His view derived from his general systems theory thinking, his three systems view of human society, and his early contributions to evolutionary economics. Boulding’s argument that economics could not be value-free should be distinguished from other well-known views of economics as a moral science, such as Gunnar Myrdal’s. This paper discusses the development and nature of Boulding’s thinking about economics as a moral science in the larger context of his thinking.
Correction for “ The opportunistic marine pathogen Vibrio para-haemolyticus becomes virulent by acquiring a plasmid that expresses a deadly toxin , ” by

MICROBIOLOGY Correction for “The opportunistic marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes virulent by acquiring a plasmid that expresses a deadly toxin,” by Chung-Te Lee, I-Tung Chen, Yi-Ting Yang, Tzu-Ping Ko, Yun-Tzu Huang, Jiun-Yan Huang, Ming-Fen Huang, Shin-Jen Lin, Chien-Yu Chen, Shih-Shuen Lin, Donald V. Lightner, Han-Ching Wang, Andrew H. -J. Wang, Hao-Ching Wang, Lien-I Hor, and Chu-Fang Lo, which appeared in issue 34, August 25, 2015, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (112:10798–10803; first published August 10, 2015; 10.1073/pnas.1503129112). The authors note that the author name Shih-Shuen Lin should instead appear as Shih-Shun Lin. The corrected author line appears below. The online version has been corrected.
Konsumerismi, potilaiden ja kuluttajien aktiivinen toiminta sekä erityisesti lääkäreiden kokemukset ja näkemykset potilaista kuluttajina

_________________________________________________________________10 1 Johdanto _____________________________________________________________ 13 2 Tutkimuksen kasitteellinen ja yhteiskunnallinen tausta _______________________ 15 2.1 Konsumerismi terveydenhuollossa ________________________________________15 2.2 Potilas kuluttajana ____________________________________________________16 2. Kuluttajaliike ja potilasjarjestot __________________________________________17 2.4 Teknologioiden leviaminen ______________________________________________18 2.5 Laakariprofession keskeiset piirteet ja muuttuminen ___________________________2 3 Kirjallisuuskatsaus _____________________________________________________ 27 . 1 Potilaiden jarjestaytyminen ja potilaat valintojen tekijoina ______________________27 . 2 Konsumerismi, laakarit ja potilaan valinta __________________________________ 0 . 2.1 Potilaan aseman kehittyminen ja mainonta yleensa ______________________ 0 . 2.2 Potilas-laakarisuhteen ja hoitopaatoksenteon uudet mallit ________________ 2 . 2. Konkreettisen hoidon valinta ______________________________________ 4 . 2.4 Reseptilaakkeiden yleisomainonta __________________________________ 6 . 2.5 Geenitestit ja geeniseulonnat ______________________________________ 8 . 2.6 Yhteenveto ____________________________________________________ 9 4 Tutkimuksen tarkoitus __________________________________________________ 41 5 Aineisto ja menetelmat _________________________________________________ 43 5.1 Potilasjarjestot (I) ____________________________________________________4 5.2 Laakareiden suhtautuminen kuluttajaliikkeiden tiedottamiseen laakareiden hoitokaytannoista (II) ________________________________________44 5. Laakareiden suhtautuminen reseptilaakkeiden yleisomainontaan seka kokemukset ja nakemykset potilaiden pyynnoista (III, IV) ___________________45 5.4 Terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten ja vaeston suhtautuminen uusien teknologioiden kayttoonottoon terveydenhuollossa: esimerkkina geenitestit ja -seulonnat (V) ___________________________________45 5.5 Analyysimenetelmat __________________________________________________46
Efficient node localization technique in MIMO networks using AMABC optimization algorithm

Device or node localization is one of the important issues to be resolved in 5G Utra-Dense network. Accurate measurement techniques using conventional Time of Arrival (ToA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) can be adopted to enhance localization accuracy. However, with the introduction of MIMO to increase spectral efficiency, the techniques will not be very precise in term of localization error. In this paper, we propose an effective Adaptive Mutation based Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (AMABC) optimization algorithm to reduce the BER (Bit Error Rate). Moreover, beam forming and equalization of the localization error is also computed for varying the number of nodes. The performance is assessed and compared with a GA algorithm in term of elapsed time and localization error for varying ranging errors up to 30%. The simulation results shown that the AMABC algorithm outperform GA algorithm in all simulation cases.
The Detection of Overlapping Speech with Prosodic Features for Speaker Diarization

Overlapping speech is responsible for a certain amount of errors produced by tandard speaker diarization systems in meeting environment. We are investigating a set of prosody-based long-term features as a potential complement to our overlap detection system relying on short-term spectral parameters. The most relevant features are selected in a two-step process. They are firstly evaluated and sorted according to mRMR criterion and then the optimal number is determined by iterative wrapper approach. We show that the addition of prosodic features decreased overlap detection error. Detected overlap segments are used in speaker diarization to recover missed speech by assigning multiple speaker labels and to increase the purity of speaker clusters.
Modeling the I-V characteristics of fully depleted submicrometer SOI MOSFET's

In this paper, an analytic current-voltage model for submicrometer fully-depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET's is presented. This model takes into account the source/drain series resistances which can be especially high in thin film SOI devices. The effect of drain induced conductivity enhancement is also included, which is important for submicrometer channels. The model is verified by comparison to measured SOI I-V characteristics. Good agreement is obtained for SOI film thicknesses ranging from 40 to 220 nm and effective channel lengths down to 0.25 /spl mu/m. <<ETX>>
Advances and Perspectives in the Study of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles funestus

Anopheles funestus Giles, 1900 is considered one of the most proficient malaria vectors world‐ wide [1]. It thrives in a wide range of habitats through the Afrotropical Region. Largely neglected with regard to its counterpart Anopheles gambiae, An. funestus cannot be ignored in any comprehensive control program aiming at the eradication of malaria from the African continent. Its transmission role goes beyond that of secondary vector, surpassing An. gam‐ biae in many parts of Africa [2]. One of the main reasons of this inattention is the difficulty of adapting this species to standard insectary conditions, despite noteworthy molecular and epidemiological advances over the past three decades. Currently, substantial evidence shows that a group of species belongs to the taxon “An. funestus”, with different morphological, behavioural and epidemiological characteristics.
Winner Determination in Combinatorial Auctions using Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization and Multi-Neighborhood Local Search

A combinatorial auction is an auction where the bidders have the choice to bid on bundles of items. The WDP in combinatorial auctions is the problem of finding winning bids that maximize the auctioneer’s revenue under the constraint that each item can be allocated to at most one bidder. The WDP is known as an NP-hard problem with practical applications like electronic commerce, production management, games theory, and resources allocation in multi-agent systems. This has motivated the quest for efficient approximate algorithms both in terms of solution quality and computational time. This paper proposes a hybrid Ant Colony Optimization with a novel Multi-Neighborhood Local Search (ACO-MNLS) algorithm for solving Winner Determination Problem (WDP) in combinatorial auctions. Our proposed MNLS algorithm uses the fact that using various neighborhoods in local search can generate different local optima for WDP and that the global optima of WDP is a local optima for a given its neighborhood. Therefore, proposed MNLS algorithm simultaneously explores a set of three different neighborhoods to get different local optima and to escape from local optima. The comparisons between ACO-MNLS, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Memetic Algorithm (MA), Stochastic Local Search (SLS), and Tabu Search (TS) on various benchmark problems confirm the efficiency of ACO-MNLS in the terms of solution quality and computational time.
‘Unzipping’ of twin lamella in nanotwinned nickel nanowires under flexural bending

ABSTRACT We report the fabrication of nickel nanowires with parallel growth-twin structures (‘twin lamella’ along the wire axis) by electrochemical deposition, and demonstrate an interesting twin ‘unzipping’ phenomenon in such nanotwinned nanowires under bending. Through in situ TEM, we found that ‘unzipping’ of twin lamella was achieved by gradually increasing twin spacing along the wire axis via a layer-by-layer twin boundary migration process. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that partial dislocation slip is responsible for activating the ‘unzipping’, with a multi-step-process involving dislocation loop initiation, expansion and partially annihilation. Our work could provide new insights into the deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned 1-D metallic nanostructures. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT Nickel nanowires with parallel-twin structures were fabricated and demonstrated an interesting twin lamella ‘unzipping’ behavior upon flexural bending, which provides new insights into the deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned metallic materials.