Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapeutic Procedures for the Treatment of Contractures in Subjects with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Contractures limit free joint movement and are common a consequence of traumatic brain injury. They interfere with activities of daily living and can cause pain, pressure areas, and result in unsightly deformities [1 4], affecting patient quality of life and increasing institutionaliza‐ tion rates. Contractures also cause significant secondary impairment which ultimately interferes with the rehabilitation process. Their treatment is therefore an integral part of physical recovery. Before effective intervention can take place, therapists must first determine both the primary cause as well as the specific structures involved. Several different therapeutic modalities exist to treat them, and choice of which to apply will depend on each individual case [5]. The aim of this chapter therefore is to review currently available physical therapy techniques for the treatment of contractures and for prevention of deformity development, in subjects suffering traumatic brain injury (TBI).
An Emperical Study of Performance in the Requirement Traceability Links (RTL) Using Initial Mapping Technique

Requirement Traceability Link (RTL) in software engineering refers the ability of describing and following the life of a requirement in both forward and backward direction. While software development it is very essential to ensure that the traceability links for each and every requirement in the project. From the software requirement specification document the traceability goes through design document and coding in the forward direction. During software maintenance and evolution, requirement traceability links become obsolete because developers do not devote effort to updating them. Yet, recovering these traceability links later is a daunting and costly task for developers. To avoid such issues in software project management the developer should keep updating the traceability in design document and software requirement specification. Here two completed projects are taken in the educational domain to study the efficiency and accuracy of the requirement traceability first all the requirements are categorized using the decision tree algorithm. And then all the requirements are arranged in an order using merge sort according to its severity. To maintain the links in the backward direction that means while doing any change in the coding it is really a tough task to maintain the link through design document and software requirement specification (SRS) document. This backward traceability is achieved using a machine learning and trained initial mapping algorithm to improve the efficiency and accuracy. Then comapared the result of the existing system with the new technique used in this work and found that the proposed model is producing better results.
Hydrophilic Linear Peptide with Histidine and Lysine Residues as a Key Factor Affecting Antifungal Activity

Increases in the numbers of immunocompromised patients and the emergence of drug-resistance fungal pathogens have led to the need for new, safe, efficacious antifungal agents. In this study, we designed a histidine-lysine-lysine (HKK) motif and synthesized six HKK peptides with repetitions of the motif. These peptides showed length-dependent antifungal activity against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant fungal pathogens via membranolytic or non-membranolytic action. None of the peptides were cytotoxic to rat erythrocytes or NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Short-length peptides were directly translocated in fungal cytosol and reacted with mitochondria, resulting in apoptosis. Membrane-permeabilizing activity occurred in the presence of long peptides, and peptides were able to transfer to the cytosol and induce reactive oxygen species. Our results suggest that peptides composed only of cationic amino acids may be good candidates as antifungal agents.
A novel, noninvasive assay shows that distal airway oxygen tension is low in cystic fibrosis, but not in primary ciliary dyskinesia

Oxygen tension affects the biology of aerobic and denitrifying organisms. Using a novel, fast‐response sensor, we developed a noninvasive procedure to measure pO2 in distal human airways. We hypothesized that distal pO2 would be low in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways.
Performance of diversity systems with 2 and 4 transmit antennas

We investigate the principles of existing 2 transmit antenna systems and then introduce two new transmit antenna diversity configurations for 4-transmit antenna systems. The bit error rate performances of the proposed systems are obtained. We show that by using two more antennas and the same total transmit power, diversity gains of up to 5 dB can be achieved over 2-transmit antenna systems.
Why we don't breastfeed our children and what we should do about it

Summary Despite the efforts of health promoters, breastfeeding initiation rates remain low in parts of the UK and duration shorter than the six months recommended. This suggests that we need to evaluate how we approach the promotion of breastfeeding and support breastfeeding mothers. Existing research into the maternal and societal perspective on infant feeding implies that decisions reflect attitudes and social norms related to infant feeding and the breast. Decisions are also made in consultation with partners and significant others taking into account social factors. Taken together, this implies that to successfully promote breastfeeding, a societal approach is required in which both genders, all ages and socio-demographic groups are targeted. Attitudes to infant feeding are formed long before conception and are associated with exposure to breastfeeding, indicating a need to engage with schools in promoting breastfeeding. Most importantly, given research suggesting that breastfeeding mothers feel socially isolated, there is a need for action to socially include them by encouraging breastfeeding in social venues and public places and providing enabling facilities. Breastfeeding promotion materials should reflect this by depicting breastfeeding mothers in social situations. The process of restoring breastfeeding as the infant feeding norm is likely to take time. The financial cost of such initiatives, however, will be compensated for by the improved health and well-being of our future generations.
Classification Schemes Revisited

SUMMARY Basic skills of classification and subject indexing have been little taught in British library schools since automation was introduced into libraries. However, development of the Internet as a major medium of publication lias stretched the capacity of search engines to cope with retrieval. Consequently, there has been interest in applying existing systems of knowledge organization to electronic resources. Unfortunately, the classification systems have been adopted without a full understanding of modern classification principles. Analy-tico-synthetic schemes have been used crudely, as in the case of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). The fully faceted Bliss Bibliographical Classification, 2nd edition (BC2) with its potential as a tool for electronic resource retrieval is virtually unknown outside academic libraries.
Optimisation des applications de traitement systématique intensives sur Systems-on-Chip

Les applications de traitement intensif de signal apparaissent dans de nombreux domaines d'applications tels que multimedia ou systemes de detection. Ces applications gerent les structures de donnees multidimensionnelles (principalement des tableaux) pour traiter les differentes dimensions des donnees (espace, temps, frequence). Un langage de specification permettant l'utilisation directe de ces differentes dimensions avec un haut niveau d'abstraction est une des cles de la manipulation de la complexite de ces applications et permet de beneficier de leur parallelisme potentiel. Le langage de specification Array-OL est concu pour faire exactement cela. Dans cette these, nous introduisons une extension d'Array-OL pour exprimer des dependances cycliques par des dependances interrepetitions uniformes. Nous montrons que ce langage de specification est capable d'exprimer les principaux motifs de calcul du domaine de traitement de signal intensif. Nous discutons aussi de la modelisation repetitive des applications paralleles, des architectures repetitives et les placements uniformes des premieres sur les secondes, en utilisant les concepts Array-OL integres dans le profil UML MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-time and Embedded systems). Des transformations de haut niveau data-paralleles sont disponibles pour adapter l'application a l'execution, ce qui permet de choisir la granularite des flots et une simple expression du placement en etiquetant chaque repetition par son mode d'execution: data parallele ou sequentiel. L'ensemble des transformations a ete revu, etendu et implemente dans le cadre de l'environnement de comodelisation pour les systemes embarques, Gaspard2. Avec l'introduction des dependances uniformes, notre interet s'est tourne aussi sur l'interaction entre ces dependances et les transformations de haut niveau. C'est essentiel, afin de permettre l'utilisation des outils de refactoring sur les modeles avec dependances uniformes. En utilisant les outils de refactoring de haut niveau, des strategies et des heuristiques peuvent etre concues pour aider a l'exploration de l'espace de conception. Nous proposons une strategie qui permet de trouver de bons compromis entre l'usage de stockage et de ressources de calcul, et dans l'exploitation de parallelisme (a la fois de tâches et de donnees), strategie illustree sur une application industrielle radar.
The immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

— Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that is triggered by unknown exogenous agents in subjects with a specific genetic background. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex class II region are the only ones that have been consistently associated with the disease. However, susceptibility is probably mediated by a heterogeneous array of genes, which demonstrate epistatic interactions. Furthermore, an infectious etiology of MS has been suggested, and it is likely that infectious agents shape the immune response against self-antigens. Composition of plaques, response to therapy, and data from animal models indicate that MS is mediated by myelin-specific CD4 T cells that, upon activation, invade the central nervous system and initiate the disease. Different patterns of tissue damage have been shown in active MS lesions, suggesting that the mechanisms of injury are probably distinct in different subgroups of patients. Heterogeneity in clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging, and response to therapies support this notion. The experience gained during several pharmacological studies has improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS. New tools, such as gene expression profiling with cDNA microarrays and proteomics, together with advancements in imaging techniques may help us to identify susceptibility genes and disease markers, which may enable us to design more effective therapies and to tailor them according to different disease forms or stages. myelin components in appropriate adjuvants and is mediated by encephalitogenic T cells (5). Several EAE studies attempted to characterize the specificity, T cell receptor (TCR) expression, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), (Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in humans) restriction, and functional profile of myelin-reactive T cells. It has recently been shown that transgenic recombi-nase-deficient (Rag–/–) mice, expressing HLA-DR2 and a human MBP (84–102)-specific TCR, develop spontaneous disease (2). This important work shows that transgenic T cells specific for HLA-DR2-bound MBP (84–102) peptide are sufficient and necessary for the development of disease.
Relating Linear Energy Transfer to the Formation and Resolution of DNA Repair Foci After Irradiation with Equal Doses of X-ray Photons, Plateau, or Bragg-Peak Protons

Proton beam therapy is increasingly applied for the treatment of human cancer, as it promises to reduce normal tissue damage. However, little is known about the relationship between linear energy transfer (LET), the type of DNA damage, and cellular repair mechanisms, particularly for cells irradiated with protons. We irradiated cultured cells delivering equal doses of X-ray photons, Bragg-peak protons, or plateau protons and used this set-up to quantitate initial DNA damage (mainly DNA double strand breaks (DSBs)), and to analyze kinetics of repair by detecting γH2A. X or 53BP1 using immunofluorescence. The results obtained validate the reliability of our set-up in delivering equal radiation doses under all conditions employed. Although the initial numbers of γH2A. X and 53BP1 foci scored were similar under the different irradiation conditions, it was notable that the maximum foci level was reached at 60 min after irradiation with Bragg-peak protons, as compared to 30 min for plateau protons and photons. Interestingly, Bragg-peak protons induced larger and irregularly shaped γH2A. X and 53BP1 foci. Additionally, the resolution of these foci was delayed. These results suggest that Bragg-peak protons induce DNA damage of increased complexity which is difficult to process by the cellular repair apparatus.
The performance of the NEC SX-2 and Cray X-MP supercomputers

Since our first article on the Japanese supercomputers appeared in the December 1985 issue of Computer, we have conducted additional benchmarks of the new NEC SX-2 vector processor. We present these new results for the SX-2 and updated timings of the X-MP/48. 5 refs., 1 fig., 6 tabs.
The influence of parasites

This chapter discusses insect behavioral responses to parasites. Dividing behaviors conceptually into those that occur before and after infection, we start by reviewing the evidence that insects identify and avoid potentially infectious environments to minimize negative consequences of infection. Behavioral responses following infection according to their adaptive value to either the insect host or to the parasite will then be considered. One section covers sickness behaviors proposed to benefit the host by conserving energetic resources during infection; another section discusses evidence for altered host behavior as a parasite adaptation enhancing parasite survival or transmission. The mechanistic link between behavior and immunity in insects is briefly discussed, and provide a summary of methods and techniques becoming standard to studying behavior of model insect species in the context of infection. The chapter concludes by discussing future directions in the study of insect behavioral responses to parasites.
LexicalDensity of English Reading Texts for Senior High School

This study deals with the lexical density especially the lexical items of English reading texts in the textbook for senior high school. The objectives of the study are to find out the lexical density especially the lexical items which formed in the reading texts of Look Ahead textbook and the type of genre which has the highest lexical density of the reading texts. This study was conducted by descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data of this research were the English reading texts of Look Ahead textbook for senior high school grade twelve published by Erlangga. The result of the analysis showed that: (1) The lexical items that formed in narrative texts are noun and verb, explanation texts are noun and verb, discussion texts are noun and verb, and review texts are noun, adjective, and verb. This means that narrative, explanation, and discussion texts are formed by two lexical items, they are noun and verb while review texts are formed by 3 lexical items, they are noun, adjective, and verb. (2) The lexical density of explanation texts are 58,42% an 52,05%, review texts are 55,73% and 53,51%, narrative texts are 48,96% and 43,97%, and discussion texts are 47,79% and 42,57%. The highest lexical density of the reading texts is the explanation text with percentage 58,42%. This meant that explanation text is the most difficult text to be comprehended in the textbook. It is suggested that further textbook writers to concern with the lexical density of the reading texts so that the textbook can be used and understood by the teacher and the students.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles impacts: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) is the most commonly used nanoparticles among different nanoparticles. Its applications ranged from personal care products, sensors, antibacterial creams, and biomedical applications. The broad range of applications raises concern in regards to their potential toxicity. Therefore, it is required to understand their toxicity mechanism and pattern on various levels. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and developmental toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in various kinds of cells in vitro and in vivo. Literatures available on ZnO nanoparticles toxicity suggest that dissolution, organism dependent cellular uptake, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induced inflammatory responses seem to be common factors which govern the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles.
Implementation of Total Quality Management in Higher Pharmaceutical Education: Opportunity and Challenge

Introduction: Higher pharmaceutical education in China has made a great development in recent years. A few problems, such as unevenness of school-running level, lack of students innovation and deficiency of teaching effect, are also exposed in its rapid development. The reasons for these challenges are also revealed that old teaching mode and increasing enrollment scale in China's university may be the primary causes. Methods: To face these problems, some measures should be taken. Total quality management (TQM), as a novel teaching concept, is proposed in this article to integrate into higher pharmaceutical education in China. Results: To implement TQM, suggestions are given to emphasize on professional ethics, course quality and practice teaching. Firstly, the educators should take phar macy moral as one of the important contents and infiltrate it in all teaching activities so as to realize the cultivation of professional ethics. In addition, in order to improve course quality, it is necessary to implement curriculum reform by broadening curriculum caliber, optimizing curriculum system and removing regional segmentation in professional courses. What's more, practice teaching should be actively adopted to combine itself with higher pharmaceutical education in China due to it being a discipline depending largely on the practice. Conclusion: It is necessary to boost the TQM step by step within a healthy system, which will play an important role in improving the quality of pharmaceutical education. Though implementation of TQM in higher pharmaceutical education faces various opportunity and challenge, the philosophy of TQM will be gradually accepted by more and more universities.
Berbagi pengetahuan: siapa yang mengelola pengetahuan? = Knowledge Sharing: who's control the knowledge?

This article discussed about the implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) into organtization. KM as a tool to improve productivity of the organization, company or institution. The keyword of succes the implementation of KM is knowledge sharing. It means each people on the organization could share their opinion, ideas, critic, and comments amongs other people in its organization.
Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology Volume 28(2) Spring / printemps, 2002 The Interplay of Content and Community in Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication: Virtual Communication in a Graduate Seminar

A group of graduate students and an instructor at the University of Saskatchewan experimented with the use of synchronous communication (chat) and asynchronous communication (bulletin board) in a theory course in Educational Communications and Technology for an eight-month period. Synchronous communication contributed dramatically to the continuity and convenience of the class, and promoted a strong sense of community. At the same time, it was viewed as less effective than asynchronous communication for dealing with content and issues deeply, and it introduced a number of pedagogical and intellectual limitations. We concluded that synchronous and asynchronous strategies were suitable for different types of learning, and what we experienced was a balancing act between content and community in our group. A combination of synchronous and asynchronous experiences seems to be necessary to promote the kind of engagement and depth required in a graduate seminar.
ROLE OF BIOLOGISTS IN BIOMIMETIC DESIGN PROCESSES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Although biomimetic design practice becomes more and more common, some methodological aspects are still under development. More especially, this article aims at dealing with biologist’s role and integration during the design process and its construction. After an introduction of the context and the protocol of our experiment on a case study about the insulation of containers housing, our preliminary results will be presented. Through the use of the biomimetic tool AskNature, we will wonder about the differences between the approach of biomimetic processes by students in biology or engineering.
System identification using chaos with application to equalization of a chaotic modulation system

In this brief, we considered the problem of blind identification of an autoregressive (AR) system driven by a chaotic signal. Because of the inherently deterministic nature of a chaotic signal, a new dynamic-based estimation approach called minimum phase space volume (MPSV) technique was applied to identify an AR system. It was shown that not only could this chaotic approach provide an accurate identification, but it was also more effective than the conventional statistic method in the sense that the chaotic approach had a smaller mean squares error (MSE), and it was so robust that it did not require an order determination procedure. In a chaotic modulation communication system, since the signal of transmission is modulated by a chaotic dynamical system, equalization of the transmitted signal through a communication channel is therefore a problem of system identification with a chaotic probing signal. It was observed that the equalization performance of the chaotic approach was superior to the conventional statistical method. This is another benefit for using chaos in a spread spectrum communication system.
Human Plausible Reasoning

Abstract : This paper describes the current state of implementation of a cognitive computer model of human plausible reasoning, based on the theory of plausible reasoning described by Collins and Michalski. Our goal is to use the simulation as a means of testing and refining the theory. This requires developing appropriate memory organization and search techniques to support of this style of inference, finding ways to estimate similarity in specific contexts and investigating ways of combining the sometimes contradictory conclusions reached when inferences of different types are used to answer questions. Keywords: Science Track: Cognitive Modelling, ArtificiaL intelligence, Similarity, Analogy.