Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural Variation Among Monokaryons of Collybia velutipes

The rates of growth of samples of monokaryotic mycelia from the asexual (oidial) and sexual (basidiospore) progenies of seven wild dikaryons of Collybia velutipes were determined. Analyses of the growth-rates of the asexual progenies revealed the presence of variation within a set of mycelia with the same mating-type and hence presumably derived from the same monokaryotic clone. Furthermore, it was possible to select for high and low rate of growth within one monokaryotic clone. This variation is therefore probably cytoplasmic in origin. Analyses of the growth-rates of the sexual progenies showed considerable segregation. The segregation patterns and estimates of the numbers of effective factors suggest a polygenic control. In the case of two of the wild dikaryotic isolates, the segregation of single genes having large effects upon growth-rate was also demonstrated.
Changes in terpene content and emission in potted Mediterranean woody plants under severe drought

Terpene concentration and emission were studied in potted plants of some of the most common Mediterranean woody species (Pinus halepensis L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Cistus albidus L., Cistus monspeliensis L., Quercus ilex L., Quercus coccifera L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., and Arbutus unedo L.) under irrigation and under severe drought conditions that dropped relative water content to a range between 40% in Q. ilex and 85% in Phillyrea latifolia after withholding watering for one dry summer week. Terpene concentrations were detected in Pinus halepensis, Pistacia lentiscus, C. albidus, and C. monspeliensis, and they increased after withholding watering except in C. albidus. Terpene emission was detected in all species except Phillyrea angustifolia and A. unedo. Pinus halepensis showed the highest diurnal terpene emission rates of 86 µg·g-1 dry wt. ·h-1 followed by C. albidus, Pistacia lentiscus, Q. ilex, Q. coccifera, Phillyrea latifolia, and C. monspeliensis (4 µg·g-1 dry wt.·h-1).
Manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure: implications for bio-invasion

Much effort has been devoted to understanding the factors promoting species colonisation, and processes that may cause small incipient populations to fail. Post colonisation and community level processes are proving to be less reliable predictors of initial population size and propagule pressure is now posited as a key predictor of species establishment. Yet, empirical studies manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure, such as arrival frequency (number), and intensity (size) are lacking. Understanding colonisation and incipient population survival is particularly important in the field of bio-invasions. Propagule pressure is now often cited as a key determinant of invasion success, yet we have few empirical tests manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure. We conducted a series of factorial field experiments utilizing larvae of the cosmopolitan invasive oyster Crassostrea gigas. A newly developed technique was used to quantitatively alter the size of propagules and the frequency at which they arrive. When total propagule pressure was held constant, and the size and arrival frequency was altered, frequent small inoculations dramatically increased incipient population size >65% relative to infrequent large introductions. We also found that smaller, less dense inoculations resulted in >85% greater proportional settlement and colonisation of this cosmopolitan species. Predation altered the overall survival of incipient oyster populations, but did not alter this pattern. Our findings may help explain patterns of ballast water and hull-fouling introductions, as ports and harbours that receive frequent exposure to invasive propagules from the same source location will be at greater risk of invasion.
Contribution of indole alkaloids to Sitobion avenae (F.) resistance in wheat

Abstract: Indole alkaloid contents of five winter wheat varieties at different growth stages, and the relationship between indole alkaloids and carboxylesterase activities of Sitobion avenae (F.) from wheat ears of different varieties were studied. The results indicated that KOK1679 and My295, highly and moderately aphid‐resistant varieties, had a high indole alkaloid content during vegetative growth. During their reproduction growth, resistant varieties had a high alkaloid content in penultimate leaves, and indole alkaloid contents of KOK1679 were significantly higher than that of other varieties in wheat ears. The indole alkaloid contents of all varieties were low in flag leaves except for Han4564. A significant correlation was shown between carboxylesterase activity in aphids collected from wheat ears and indole alkaloid contents in ears of the wheat varieties (r = 0.9646).
Comparisons of feeding behavior in captive squirrel and titi monkeys (Saimiri sciureus and Callicebus moloch).

This research investigated feeding behavior in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch). In view of behavioral differences seen in natural environments, one might expect that feeding and foraging patterns draw upon different behavioral tendencies in the two species. Some of these tendencies were identified in this research. In the home cage, in the presence of abundant food, squirrel monkeys were rapid, wasteful, and relatively asocial feeders. Titis in the same setting were slower, more selective, thorough, and socially involved feeders. Passive sharing of food between titi pair-mates was common. When competition was increased by presenting a single food item, titis continued to rely on positive social interactions to obtain food; squirrel monkeys still relied mainly on asocial stratagems to obtain food. The species' food preferences in paired-comparison tests were quite similar, although their patterns of obtaining and consuming the foods were not. Squirrel monkeys took food more quickly but consumed less than titis. When the same foods were presented repetitively, squirrel monkeys remained more wasteful consumers and were satiated more quickly than titis, even with highly preferred foods. These differences are discussed in terms of their probable contributions to each species' modal foraging patterns in natural environments. The findings are placed in the framework of an "adaptive profile" for each species, based on data accumulated in a series of studies conducted over the last decade.
Spontaneous freezing in driven-dissipative quantum systems

Attaining a deeper knowledge of critical non-equilibrium phenomena is a standing challenge in the fields of open quantum systems and many-body physics. For instance, a comprehensive understanding of how different dissipative phases coexist in multistable systems is a problem of fundamental importance and of practical implications, e.g. in the design of quantum sensors. An interesting question is whether the intermittent switching between states typically reported in multistable systems would manifest in non-ergodic systems. In this work, we address this problem and report a novel non-ergodic phenomenon where a system undergoing dissipative evolution spontaneously selects a state and remains there for the rest of the evolution without any possible intermittency. This "freezing" of the dynamics occurs at the level of individual quantum trajectories and emerges as a consequence of a strong symmetry. Whilst the strong symmetry implies the existence of a conservation law, this law is broken for the individual trajectories. We study this effect through a generalized version of collective resonance fluorescence, where the standard superradiant decay is substituted for a squeezed, collective operator.
Hashtray: Turning the tables on Scalable Client Classification

Untrusted network clients can undergo a classification process before they are allowed to use more of a service’s resources, and services typically rely on a table to remember the clients’ classification. But as the number of clients increases so does the amount of state required to remember this classification over time.In this paper we explore the trade-off between data-structure accuracy and network size when needing to remember client state. We present Hashtray—a hash table library that consists of a generic API and instantiations of various kinds of tables—and a system to evaluate and compare different data structures.We evaluate Hashtray in the context of Denial-of-Service mitigation using both a modelled network of 106 machines, and a testbed experiment with over 200 hosts connecting to a version of Apache modified to use Hashtray. The system is open-sourced to enable others to extend or build on this work.
Title Modeling of Mechanical Stress Exerted by CholesterolCrystallization on Atherosclerotic Plaques

Plaque rupture is the critical cause of cardiovascular thrombosis, but the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies have found abundant cholesterol crystals in ruptured plaques, and it has been proposed that the rapid expansion of cholesterol crystals in a limited space during crystallization may contribute to plaque rupture. To evaluate the effect of cholesterol crystal growth on atherosclerotic plaques, we modeled the expansion of cholesterol crystals during the crystallization process in the necrotic core and estimated the stress on the thin cap with different arrangements of cholesterol crystals. We developed a two-dimensional finite element method model of atherosclerotic plaques containing expanding cholesterol crystals and investigated the effect of the magnitude and distribution of crystallization on the peak circumferential stress born by the cap. Using micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT), we extracted the cross-sectional geometric information of cholesterol crystals in human atherosclerotic aorta tissue ex vivo and applied the information to the model. The results demonstrate that (1) the peak circumference stress is proportionally dependent on the cholesterol crystal growth; (2) cholesterol crystals at the cap shoulder impose the highest peak circumference stress; and (3) spatial distributions of cholesterol crystals have a significant impact on the peak circumference stress: evenly distributed cholesterol crystals exert less peak circumferential stress on the cap than concentrated crystals.
"If you want, I can store the encrypted password": A Password-Storage Field Study with Freelance Developers

In 2017 and 2018, Naiakshina et al. (CCS'17, SOUPS'18) studied in a lab setting whether computer science students need to be told to write code that stores passwords securely. The authors' results showed that, without explicit prompting, none of the students implemented secure password storage. When asked about this oversight, a common answer was that they would have implemented secure storage - if they were creating code for a company. To shed light on this possible confusion, we conducted a mixed-methods field study with developers. We hired freelance developers online and gave them a similar password storage task followed by a questionnaire to gain additional insights into their work. From our research, we offer two contributions. First of all, we reveal that, similar to the students, freelancers do not store passwords securely unless prompted, they have misconceptions about secure password storage, and they use outdated methods. Secondly, we discuss the methodological implications of using freelancers and students in developer studies.
Title Fast and Scalable Pattern Mining for Media-Type FocusedCrawling

Search engines targeting content other than hypertext documents require a crawler that discovers resources identifying files of certain media types. Naı̈ve crawling approaches do not guarantee a sufficient supply of new URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) to visit; effective and scalable mechanisms for discovering and crawling targeted resources are needed. One promising approach is to use data mining techniques to identify the media type of a resource without the need for downloading the content of the resource. The idea is to use a learning approach on features derived from patterns occuring in the resource identifier. We present a focused crawler as a use case for fast and scalable data mining and discuss classification and pattern mining techniques suited for selecting resources satisfying specified media types. We show that we can process an average of 17,000 URIs/second and still detect the media type of resources with a precision of more than 80% and a recall of over 65% for all media types.
HOT AIR ENGINE , DEVELOPED AND PATENTED BY TRAIAN VUIA , A ROMANIAN PERFORMANCE FOR 21 st CENTURY

After thoroughly researching data from national archives, libraries, and important technical studies from Romania and abroad, I concluded that the hot air and closed-circuit engine built, tested, and patented by Romanian engineer Traian Vuia (1872-1950), is superior in its thermodynamic performances to similar engines investigated today. For this engine, almost as perfect thermodynamic Carnot engine, Traian Vuia has achieved ten (10) patents, during 1908-1916 years. Therefore, this engine unjustified forgotten or ignored over a century should be considered a wealth, which belongs (inter) national technical heritage. It represents a great challenge to bring this engine back to the scientific and industrial circuit and, in order to do so, this paper clarifies the following issues: ▪ How evolved over time thermal cycling of different engines, as target perfect thermodynamic engine Carnot; ▪ Which was the thermal process used at Vuia engine for isothermation of compression and expansion; ▪ Today “isodiabate heat release and receipt” at Vuia engine can be qualified as an isentropic process for ideal conditions or adiabatic process for real conditions, with irreversibility, or others; ▪ Which device used Traian Vuia for "isodiabate heat release and receipt”; ▪ Which is the construction and operation of Vuia engine; ▪ If thermal cycle and engine Vuia has been recognized internationally.
A Godunov-type scheme for relativistic magnetohydrodynamics

The basic properties of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, as a hyperbolic system of quasi-linear conservation laws, are discussed. These are then used to develop a multidimensional Godunov-type numerical scheme that enforces the magnetic flux conservation. This scheme is based on linear Riemann solvers and has second-order accuracy in smooth regions. The results of thorough test calculations demonstrate that the scheme is robust and can cope with truly ultrarelativistic problems.
Instability of the parallel electromagnetic modes in Kappa distributed plasmas – I. Electron whistler-cyclotron modes

The electron cyclotron emissions represent a useful tool in the diagnostics of fusion plasmas and space plasma fluctuations. The instability which enhances the whistler-cyclotron modes is driven in the presence of an ambient regular magnetic field by an excess of transverse kinetic energy of plasma particles. Previous studies have modelled the anisotropic particles with a bi-Maxwellian or a bi-Kappa distribution function and found a suppression of this instability in the presence of suprathermal tails. Here, the anisotropic plasma is modelled with a product-bi-Kappa distribution, with the advantage that this distribution function enables the use of two different spectral indices in the main directions, κ � � κ ⊥, and permits further characterization of kappa populations and their excitations. The exact numerical values of the growth rates and the instability threshold are derived and contrasted with those for a simple bi-Kappa and a bi-Maxwellian, using plasma parameters and magnetic fields relevant for the solar and terrestrial environments.
MONTCLAIR STATE Sentence and Discourse Processes in Skilled Comprehension

This research disproves the hypothesis that less-skilled comprehenders are less able to take advantage of constraints at all levels of structure. Five studies used self-paced reading, meaning probe judgment, recall, and sentence and word recognition tasks to examine the effect of supportive discourse contexts on sentence processing in skilled and average comprehenders. The results support a model in which comprehenders develop distinct sentence and discourse representations simultaneously, with limited sharing of information and processing resources. The studies suggest three conditions under which discourse information may influence on-line comprehension. To influence discourse integration, comprehenders must have produced a conteptual representation on which discourse processes can operate (the natural unit hypothesis). To influence syntactic processing, comprehenders must assign a sentence representation to the relevant discourse-based prediction (the linguistic prediction hypothesis). To influence discourse processes, the discourse information must be relevant for the emerging discourse representation (the discourse representation hypothesis). These constraints apply equally at different levels of comprehension skill. However, skilled comprehenders focus processing resources more on discourse representations, whereas average comprehenders focus resources more on sentence representations. (Five tables and six figures of data are included; contains 115 references. (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Detectionof blaSHV , blaTEMand blaCTX-M antibiotic resistancegenes in randomlyselected bacterial pathogens fromtheSteveBiko

Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) are considered to be one of the most important antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This study reported the ESBLproducing genes in 53 randomly selected clinical bacterial isolates from the Steve Biko Academic Hospital. The presence of the blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes was determined, and the overall prevalence of these genes detected in this study was 87% (46/53) in comparison with the literature; these results were higher when compared with 33% for Escherichia coli in Europe and 0.8% in Denmark for similar pathogens. These research findings indicated that it is crucial to routinely monitor the prevalence of these resistance genes.
A preliminary study of audiovisual integration of roundedness in front vowels : limitation due to discrepancy in jaw depression

Audiovisual integration of vowel roundedness was investigated, as the discrepancy in jaw depression increased. The results show that the relative visual impact on perceived roundedness decreases at larger discrepancies. The results may suggest that this tendency would be stronger among acoustically presented [i] than [y]. To verify this, more research with talking heads may be required. The results confirm earlier findings that audiovisual integration doesn’t require unconsciousness among subjects about the dubbing procedure.
New concept on sinusoidal modulation for three-phase DC/AC converters: analysis and experiments

Various modulation schemes have already been developed for conventional three-phase buck-type converters such as sinusoidal pulse-width modulation and space vector modulation (SVM). However, SVM is not applicable to boost-type converters. This study proposes a new concept on sinusoidal modulation for both buck and boost-type three-phase DC? AC converters. A novel optimised modulation technique is introduced by using basic equations of conventional buck and boost. By solving the optimisation problem, pulse widths will be obtained for a given modulation index. The significant point is that the optimisation problem should not be solved for every modulation index because the answer of the optimisation problem obeys a certain pattern. Also, this method has a positive effect on reducing losses, especially in boost-converters. Analysis and simulations are first introduced for three-phase boost-converters, and then is extended to a buck converter. Furthermore, practical verification takes place on two implemented 1 kVA boost and buck-converters in order to confirm the proposed technique as well as theoretical analysis and simulations. The experiments and simulations both verify the suggested optimised modulation technique.
Interaction of Surface Water and Groundwater Influenced by Groundwater Over-Extraction, Waste Water Discharge and Water Transfer in Xiong’an New Area, China

Understanding the interaction of surface water and groundwater affected by anthropogenic activities is of great importance for water resource and water quality management. The Xiong’an New Area, located in the North China Plain, has been designated a new building area by China’s government. Groundwater has been over pumped and artificial water was transferred to meet the water supply in this region. Therefore, the natural interaction of surface water and groundwater has been greatly changed and there has been a complex impact of the groundwater from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we used water chemical ions and stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O to assess the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the Xiong’an New Area. We carried out field surveys and water sampling of the Fu River (domestic waste water discharge), Lake Baiyangdian (artificial water transfer), and the underlying groundwater along the water bodies. Results show that the artificial surface water (discharged and transferred) became the major recharge source for the local groundwater due to the decline of groundwater table. We used groundwater table observations, end-member mixing analysis of the stable isotopic composition and chloride tracers to estimate the contributions of different recharge sources to the local groundwater. Due to the over pumping of groundwater, the lateral groundwater recharge was dominant with a contribution ratio ranging from 12% to 78% in the upper reach of the river (Sections 1–3). However, the contribution of lateral groundwater recharge was estimated to be negligible with respect to the artificial water recharge from Lake Baiyangdian. Seepage from the Fu River contributed a significant amount of water to the connecting aquifer, with a contribution ranging from 14% to 75% along the river. The extent of the river influence into the aquifer ranges as far as 1400 m to the south and 400 m to the north of the Fu River. Estimations based on isotopic fractionation shows that about 25% of Lake Baiyangdian water was lost by evaporation. By using the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the lake water, an influencing range of 16 km west of the lake was determined. The interaction of the surface water and groundwater is completely changed by anthropogenic activities, such as groundwater over pumping, waste water discharge and water transfer. The switched interaction of surface water and groundwater has a significant implication on water resources management.
OCCLUSION HANDLED BLOCK-BASED STEREO MATCHING WITH IMAGE SEGMENTATION

This paper chiefly deals with techniques of stereo vision, particularly focuses on the procedure of stereo matching. In addition, the proposed approach deals with detection of the regions of occlusion. Prior to carrying out stereo matching, image segmentation is conducted in order to achieve precise matching results. In practice, in stereo vision, matching algorithm sometimes suffers from insufficient accuracy if occlusion is inherent with the scene of interest. Searching the matching regions is conducted based on cross correlation and based on finding a region of the minimum mean square error of the difference between the areas of interest defined in matching window. Middlebury dataset is used for experiments, comparison with the existed results, and the proposed algorithm shows better performance than the existed matching algorithms. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compare the result of disparity to the existed ones.