Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The humane slaughter of pigs in the EU

espanolEste trabajo explora los diferentes metodos de sacrificio considerados humanitarios, que son usados y exigidos por la ley para matar a los cerdos criados para el consumo humano en la Union Europea. Los principales puntos tratados son: los metodos requeridos por el actual Reglamento 1099/2009 de la UE sobre la proteccion de los animales en el momento de la matanza, que incluyen; aturdimiento electrico (cabeza-cabeza y cabeza-cuerpo) y aturdimiento por gas (dioxido de carbono y mezclas de gases inertes). Se discuten las ventajas y desventajas de estos metodos, utilizando resultados encontrados en internet de estudios e investigaciones realizados sobre el tema, incluyendo una lista de otros metodos estudiados que no estan permitidos por la ley pero que estan siendo estudiados y posiblemente sean desarrollados como posibles metodos alternativos de aturdimiento. La aplicacion de este Reglamento y los problemas asociados tambien se abordan hacia el final de este trabajo. En la conclusion, se explora la cuestion de si alguno de estos metodos puede considerarse verdaderamente humanitario, basandose en la definicion real de la palabra “humanitario” y los resultados de los estudios discutidos. EnglishThis dissertation explores the different slaughter methods considered humane, which are used and required by law to kill pigs raised for human consumption in the European Union. The main points covered are - the methods required by current EU Regulation 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing which include; electrical stunning (head-only and head-body) and gas stunning (carbon dioxide gas and inert gas mixtures). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, using results found online from studies and research conducted on the topic, including a list of other methods studied which are not permitted by law but are being looked into and possibly developed as potential alternative stunning methods. The enforcement of this Regulation and the surrounding issues is also touched upon towards the end of the dissertation. In the conclusion, the question of whether any of these methods can be considered truly humane is explored, based on the true definition of the word humane and the results of the studies discussed.
Disclosure, Corporate Governance, and the Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from Asia's Emerging Markets

This paper examines the effects of disclosure and other corporate governance mechanisms on the cost of equity capital in Asia's emerging markets with newly released surveys from Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia (CLSA). We find that both disclosure and non-disclosure corporate governance mechanisms have a significantly negative effect on the cost of equity capital. In addition, the effect of non-disclosure governance mechanisms is more profound than that of disclosure on the cost of equity capital. Specifically, after controlling for beta and size, when a firm improves its aggregate non-disclosure corporate governance ranking from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile, its cost of equity capital is reduced roughly by 1.26 percentage points, while the corresponding reduction in the cost of equity capital for the same improvement in disclosure is 0.47. Finally, we find that country-level investor protection and firm-level corporate governance are both important in reducing the cost of equity capital. Our findings suggest that, in emerging markets where infrastructural factors, such as the legal protection of investors and the overall level of corporate governance, are not well established, reducing the expropriation risk by strengthening overall corporate governance appears to be more important in reducing the cost of equity capital than adopting a more forthright disclosure policy.
Mental Health Problems of Freshman College Binge Drinkers and Cigarette Smokers

This study aims to determine the mental health problems of freshman college binge drinkers and cigarette smokers in state universities and colleges in Region II, Philippines. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of ninety six participants. Descriptive-correlational method of research and inferential statistics were utilized in the analysis of data. Findings revealed that the mental health problems when grouped according to profile variables disclosed that male obtained higher score in depression while female got higher score in anxiety and self-esteem. Irrespective of age, family structure, and substance used the participants scored high in anxiety. Results disclosed that gender has positive significant relationship with depression and self-esteem while cigarette consumption has negative significant relationship to anxiety. The data also suggest that depression and self-esteem was associated with gender. Results of this study is useful to address mental health problems of freshman college binge drinkers and cigarette smokers, hence, an intervention program has to be prepared by experts.
Case Study on the Assessment of SIL Using FMEDA

As the number, complexity and interaction of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) systems increase, a growing emphasis has been placed on the concept of functional safety during product development. IEC 61508 provides guidelines and standardized procedures in the development of reliable and dependable E/E/PE systems to assure functional safety. Determining risk classes (i.e., safety integrity levels, SILs) associated to a specific E/E/PE item may be recognized as one of the most crucial activities in the product development per IEC 61508 since SILs are used to specify necessary safety requirements for achieving an acceptable residual risk. This article presents a case study on the assessment of SILs applying failure modes, effects and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) from which failure rates may be derived for each important failure category by combining a standard FMEA with online diagnostic techniques.
earching for entrepreneurs among small business ownermanagers in griculture

The relationships between entrepreneurial competence, competence development and entrepreneurial performance in small firms represent an area that has fascinated researchers for decades. Identifying such linkages is also important for agricultural research and practice. In this study modern concepts of individual competence were integrated with entrepreneurship and organizational learning theory, leading to the following research question: How do highand low-performing small agricultural firms differ in terms of the extent to which their owner-managers develop and use specific entrepreneurial competence? A multiple-source case study was conducted in which quantitative and qualitative data from 19 horticultural firms in the Netherlands were combined. Based on the differences between highand low-performing firms, seven propositions were formulated that further specify the relationships between entrepreneurial performance, the owner-managers’ competence and the development of this competence. The results indicate that the relationship between entrepreneurial performance and competence is influenced by business goals and the owner-managers’ competence awareness. It is proposed that entrepreneurial performance is correlated with the development of competence associated with the first phase of the identification and pursuit of an opportunity. Furthermore, the results suggest interdependence between existing competence and competence development within competence domains (horizontal development), and between competence domains (vertical development). © 2013 Royal Netherlands Society for Agricultural Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Ionic liquid screening for solvent design of herbal phytochemical extraction

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used in many applications and currently have been a favourable solvent in separation technology due to their solvation power compared to organic solvent. A development of IL solvent design approach is necessary in order to apply the most optimal solvents in herbal phytochemical extraction. In this study, solvent design utilised a systematic approach combined with property predictive model rather than trial-and-error experimental approach to reduce the amount of solvent waste and extraction time. This work focus on the screening of ILs as phytochemical extraction solvents of phenolic acids (e.g. gallic acid and caffeic acid) where we used property models of solubility and toxicity as part of solvent design. The methodology consisted of several stages. Stage 1 specifies the user needs of an extraction solvent, problems and constraints of new solvent design. Stage 2 involved in the development of a comprehensive Excel-based database of ionic liquid properties (e.g. solubility, heat capacity etc.) and factors that affect phytochemical extraction (e.g. extraction time, particle size etc.). In Stage 3, property library was assembled by collecting property models relevance for ILs from other studies to identify the most suitable models and estimate property values for solvent design. In Stage 4, ILs available in the database were first screened based on four factors: toxicity, heat capacity, density and viscosity (properties which represent characteristics of solvent and which affect the extraction). Only those ILs which have acceptable value range of each properties were selected. Finally, the ILs candidates were further screened down based on their solvation performance by using a solubility parameter-solid-liquid equilibrium approach involving UNIFAC-IL models to select most optimal solvent that can extract highest amount of phytochemicals. From the screening process, 16 best IL solvent candidates for the phenolic acid extraction were obtained from a database of 880 imidazolium-based IL.
The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Abstract The mammalian premaxilla, which bears the incisor teeth, is composed of a body and two processes (nasal and palatine) that articulate with other rostral bones via four cranial sutures. In bats, the premaxilla is modified in many ways, and this variation has been extensively used in bat systematics. The premaxilla has provided characters to diagnose a number of important taxonomic groupings—most notably, the division of Microchiroptera into the infraorders Yinochiroptera and Yangochiroptera. Recent molecular studies have challenged the monophyly of Microchiroptera, and several families have been transferred to clades other than those in which they were placed traditionally. Because premaxillary characters have figured prominently among those used to establish the traditional classification of bats, we compared the anatomy of the bone across suprageneric bat groups and provide revised descriptions of its variation. On the basis of extensive material examined, we generated 16 new characters, of which at least 12 are partially applicable to all Chiroptera, and several of which are informative within specific bat groups. Three new characters code variation in the basic structure of the chiropteran premaxilla in a new way. As a result, the traditional character defining Yinochiroptera (a “movable premaxilla”) was found to lack an anatomical basis; by contrast, Yangochiroptera was still supported. Still, a tree search using just the new premaxillary characters recovered Yinochiroptera as monophyletic. Even with a low character-to-taxon ratio, premaxillary characters recover a number of clades recognized in recent phylogenetic studies of bats. Mapping of characters onto the latest molecular and morphological chiropteran trees required many more extra steps in the former than in the latter. Our interpretation of premaxillary variation in bats suggests two opposing trends in different lineages: one toward weakening and eventual loss of the bone, and the other toward a strengthening via suture fusion. We conclude that, despite some homoplasy, the chiropteran premaxilla is richer in potentially phylogenetically informative characters than previously thought and that it should be explored further in systematic studies of bats at a variety of systematic levels.
The Effects of Concept Map- Oriented Gesture-Based Teaching System on Learners' Learning Performance and Cognitive Load in Earth Science Course

Gesture-based learning have particularities, because learners interact in the learning process through the actual way, just like they interact in the nondigital world. It also can support kinesthetic pedagogical practices to benefit learners with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. But without proper assistance or guidance, learners’ learning performance are usually disappointing. To cope with this problem, the aim of this paper proposed a concept map-oriented gesture-based teaching system in earth science course. There were 90 participants in the experiments designed with the three teaching strategies (concept map-oriented gesture-based teaching system, conventional gesture-based teaching system, and traditional e-book teaching materials). The experimental results show that the concept map-oriented gesture-based teaching strategy and traditional e-book teaching materials also improve the learning performance of the students in earth science course than conventional gesture-based teaching strategy. Learners’ cognitive load was also measured and showed that the concept map-oriented gesture-based teaching strategy had lower cognitive load than conventional gesture-based teaching strategy. There was no significant difference in learning performance and cognitive load between the concept map-oriented gesture-based teaching strategy and traditional e-book teaching materials.
Analysis of temporal Kinect motion capturing data

Motion capturing is a popular technique in movie production, for animated cartoons, but also effectively used in computer games. The development of computer games and animated cartoons requires a lot of manual work getting even more complicated by the use of motion capturing data. Novel approaches try to employ machine learning algorithms to support the computer assisted development of games and cartoons. The major task we consider is to predict movements and gestures from motion capturing data. In a small study we compare different machine learning approaches for the analysis of static and dynamic motion capturing data and highlight current potentials and challenges.
A study on the correlation of the indoor and outdoor particulate pollution levels in the university premises

In recent years, haze weather happens frequently. PM2.5 and PM10 are the main factors that affect the haze weather, so they deserve to be studied. The study will help to propose better measures to improve the indoor air quality. This paper is to study the relevance of indoor and outdoor concentrations of particulate matter, the daily variation of indoor particulate matter concentrations and the horizontal distribution law of particulate pollution in campus buildings. Through the study, it can be seen that outdoor particulate pollutants is the main source of indoor particulate matter and there is no significant difference in the average particle concentration between the daytime and night.
LONG-TERM CHANGES IN PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE PATTERNS AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON VEGETATION (TOLFA-CERITE AREA, CENTRAL ITALY)

Climate change is a major global issue that impacts vegetation, agriculture, biodiversity and human safety. These impacts are predicted to be int ense in the Mediterranean region. The aim of this paper is to define how local climatic trends are af fecting plant communities in the Tolfa-Cerite area (Northern Latium), which is a semi-coastal area wit h Mediterranean to broad-leaf vegetation. Climate data analysis covered a long time period (1951-2007 ), considering 18 gauging stations. Data were analyzed using geostatistical methods and descripti ve s atistics. Climate trends and drought indicator s, in relation to different vegetation associations, were analyzed using the zonal statistic tool (ArcGIS). During the investigated period, rainfall showed a uniform decreasing trend, while temperature increased, with an irregular trend. The specialization of climatic dat a showed a shift towards a thermo-Mediterranean bioclimate. Local climatic trends showed to have mo re severe impacts on specific plant communities (mesophilous forests, endangered shrubland-pastures , relict associations of meadows, etc). The observe d trends towards aridity occurred in many areas cover ed by vulnerable plant communities. Considering the predicted changes in climate conditions for the Med iterranean area, these communities will face a furt her aridity increase. A permanent monitoring of these c ommunities may increase the effectiveness of conservation policies and sustainable regional plan ning.
Antiterrorismebeleid en evaluatieonderzoek

In dit rapport worden de bevindingen gepresenteerd van een literatuurstudie naar de wijze waarop empirisch onderzoek kan worden verricht naar de werking en impact van maatregelen in de sfeer van antiterrorisme. Met het oog op de ontwikkeling van een evaluatiebeleid op dit terrein is ook aandacht besteed aan de ontwikkeling van een overkoepelend framework.
Self-Efficacy: An Alternative Approach to the Evaluation of Information Literacy

Informationliteracyisthekeyskillrequiredfor� lifelonglearning,�however,�acquiring� informationliteracyskillsisnotenoughbyitself �forsuccess;�individualsshouldalso� developconfidenceintheseskills. �Lowselfeffica cybeliefsmaybeasignificantly� limitingfactorforindividualstousetheirinform ationliteracyskillseffectively. � Determiningthelevelofselfefficacybelievesfor � informationliteracywillenable� individuals�'atrisk'�tobeidentified. �Therefore,� itissuggestedtouseselfefficacyscales� asadditionalassessmenttoolswhilemixingandmat chingassessmentmethodologiesto� gatherusableinformationfortheevaluationofinf ormationliteracyinstruction� programs. ��
Rapid and Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Escherichia coli LT Toxin From Clinical Isolates

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common agent, which causes diarrhea. ETEC is colonized along the cells and produces enterotoxins leading to diarrhea. Different detection methods have been utilized for detection of ETEC heat Labile Toxin (LT) toxins or respective genes. These methods have disadvantages such as high costs and labor time and limitations in handling many samples simultaneously. Objectives: The aim of this study was detection of LT toxin genes in E. coli clinical strains by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). Methods: This experimental study was conducted on Iranian children communities from May to November 2014. Forty stool samples were obtained from laboratories and investigated for heat-labile toxin (LT). Specific primers were designed and the DIG -labeled PCR products were bounded to streptavidin-coated wells of a microtiter plate and detected by anti-DIG-peroxidase conjugate. An internal biotin-labeled probe was designed for LT gene and detected with streptavidin. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-ELISA method were determined using Enterobacteria strains. Results: Overall, 7.5% of clinically isolated strains were detected as LT positive. The specificity of PCR-ELISA method was 100%. The detection limit of PCR-ELISA was 1.9 pg of genomic DNA. Conclusions: Results showed that this method is fast and sensitive for diagnosing bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction-ELISA is a suitable substitute for all the above factors because it is a quite sensitive, specific and rapid way for detection of LT toxin gene from ETEC strains.
What We Think Today on the Interpretation of Dreams, Forgotten and Double Senses

There are more than a hundred years since the publication of Sigmund Freud’s work “the interpretation of dreams”. How can we take today the ideas that Freud exposes in that text? What can we think of the interpretation of dreams, forgetfulness and double meanings? That is, the ways in which the unconscious is present in the discourse. The following work summarizes the Freudian idea about the storage of memory and about dreams and their rereading in the light of current findings in neuroscience about implicit memory, the re-consolidation of labile memories and the sleep activity that they validate in part and modify Freudian ideas in another.
Schottky barriers in carbon nanotube-metal contacts

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have several properties that are advantageous for field effect transistors such as high mobility, good electrostatics due to their small diameter allowing for aggressive gate length scaling and capability to withstand high current densities. However, in spite of the exceptional performance of single transistors only a few simple circuits and logic gates using CNTs have been demonstrated so far. One of the major obstacles for large scale integration of CNTs is to reliably fabricate p-type and n-type ohmic contacts. To achieve this, the nature of Schottky barriers that often form between metals and small diameter CNTs has to be fully understood. However, since experimental techniques commonly used to study contacts to bulk materials cannot be exploited and studies often have been performed on only single or a few devices there is a large discrepancy in the Schottky barrier heights reported and also several contradicting conclusions. This paper presents a comprehensive .
An extremely wideband radome-enclosed cylindrical dipole antenna for wireless communication

A radome-enclosed extremely wideband cylindrical dipole antenna for wireless communications applications was proposed with a simple structure. The antenna is fed at the center with the help of a coaxial cable through the lower hollow metallic pole. The feed area is composed of cones at both sides in order to obtain wideband impedance matching. The proposed antenna can cover 1.8 GHz to 28 GHz with S11 of less than –10 dB and excellent stable omnidirectional radiation characteristics. However, at high frequencies, some ripples are introduced in the radiation pattern. The frequency band of the cylindrical dipole antenna can be controllable and the size can be changed with the required band. The design details, the simulated and experimental results of the proposed omnidirectional dipole antenna, and the effect of the radome on the performance of the antenna are presented and discussed. The measured results confirm the validity of this design, which meets the requirements of wireless applications.
OPTIMAL RECLOSER PLACEMENT BY BINARY DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

In this context, a novel structure has been proposed for simple Differential Evolutionary (DE) algorithm to solve optimal recloser placement. For this, an operator is added to DE algorithm to adapt concept of the problem. Other contribution of this work is formulating a novel objective function. The proposed objective function has been formulated to improve four reliability indices which consists of four terms; i.e. System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIFI), Cost of Energy Not Supplied (CENS), Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI). Simulation has been performed in 37 bus test system and the results of the proposed technique compared the related results of PSO algorithm.