Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Simulation of Hybrid Model for the Short-Circuit Mode of Transfer in GMAW Systems

Gas Metal Arc Welding(GMAW) is the most widely used process in many industrial and manufacturing operations. Consistency and high quality welding procedures are the key issues to maintain and increase the overall product quality which can be achieved by automation. To achieve automation in the welding process a model based control strategy is essential. In a model based control strategy, the effective feedback controller design cannot be accomplished without the proper understanding of the behavior of the system to be controlled. Thus, it is important to have a mathematical model which will replicate the physical system. This paper presents the modeling of GMAW system when it is operated in short-circuit mode. This model can be used in research on stability analysis and development of feedback control algorithm to improve the welding quality. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the model. The model was verified by the practical experiments.
Comparison between Online and Offline Price of Tobacco Products Using Novel Datasets

Price of tobacco products has traditionally been relevant both for the industry, to respond to policy changes, and for governments, as an effective tobacco control measure. However, monitoring prices across a wide range of brands and brand variants requires access to expensive commercial sales databases. This study aims to investigate the comparability of average tobacco prices from two commercial sources and an in-house monitoring database which provides daily data in real time at minimal cost. We used descriptive and regression analysis to compare the monthly average numbers of brands, brand variants, products and prices of cigarettes and hand-rolling tobacco using commercial data from Nielsen Scantrack and Kantar Worldpanel, and an online price database (OPD) created in Nottingham, for the period from May 2013 to February 2017. There were marked differences in the number of products tracked in the three data sources. Nielsen was the most comprehensive and Kantar Worldpanel the least. Though average prices were very similar between the three datasets, Nottingham OPD prices were the highest and Kantar Worldpanel the lowest. However, regression analysis demonstrated that after adjustment for differences in product range, price differences between the datasets were very small. After allowing for differences in product range these data sources offer representative prices for application in price research. Online price tracking offers an inexpensive and near real-time alternative to the commercial datasets.
Wriggly, Squiffy, Lummox, and Boobs: What Makes Some Words Funny?

Theories of humor tend to be post hoc descriptions, suffering from insufficient operationalization and a subsequent inability to make predictions about what will be found humorous and to what extent. Here we build on the Engelthaler & Hills’ (2017) humor rating norms for 4,997 words, by analyzing the semantic, phonological, orthographic, and frequency factors that play a role in the judgments. We were able to predict the original humor rating norms and ratings for previously unrated words with greater reliability than the split half reliability in the original norms, as estimated from splitting those norms along gender or age lines. Our findings are consistent with several theories of humor, while suggesting that those theories are too narrow. In particular, they are consistent with incongruity theory, which suggests that experienced humor is proportional to the degree to which expectations are violated. We demonstrate that words are judged funnier if they are less common and have an improbable orthographic or phonological structure. We also describe and quantify the semantic attributes of words that are judged funny and show that they are partly compatible with the superiority theory of humor, which focuses on humor as scorn. Several other specific semantic attributes are also associated with humor.
A Novel Linear Stator-PM Vernier Machine With Spoke-Type Magnets

Linear-machine-based direct-drive systems are attracting extensive attention for many industrial applications including wave energy conversion and railway traction. By using a linear machine, the complexity of linear motion systems is considerably reduced due to the elimination of the rotary to linear conversion mechanism. In this paper, a novel linear stator spoke-type permanent magnet (PM) vernier (LSSPMV) machine is presented in which the surface-mounted radial magnets used in conventional linear stator-PM vernier machines are replaced by spoke-type magnets that are magnetized parallel to the direction of motion. The proposed machine adopts a non-magnetic space between PMs and stator pole shoes decreasing the leakage flux and leading to higher flux linkage of armature winding. After designing the proposed LSSPMV machine and comparing it with its existing counterpart, the finite-element method results reveal that the thrust force density and the efficiency of the proposed machine are higher than that of the existing one as a result of utilizing spoke-type PMs.
Caching AP Selection and Channel Allocation in Wireless Caching Networks: A Binary Concurrent Interference Minimizing Game Solution

Caching in wireless networks can alleviate redundant data transmissions and can assist cell base stations in providing service. In this paper, we focus on the problem of joint caching access point (AP) selection and channel allocation for mobile users (MUs) in wireless caching networks. Considering MUs’ dynamic probabilistic content demands, an asymmetric weighted interference graph is proposed to analyze the asymmetric interference among MU and caching AP pairs. We formulate the joint caching AP selection and channel allocation as a nonlinear optimization problem and then present a binary concurrent interference minimizing game theoretical scheme, where MUs and caching APs are two kinds of players with different kinds of actions and utilities. Unlike existing hierarchical game approaches, MUs and caching APs act concurrently without hierarchical constraints. Then, a novel pure strategy binary Nash equilibrium (BNE) and a concurrent binary better reply algorithm are proposed for the above game. It is proved that at least one BNE exists and the reply algorithm converges to a BNE. Moreover, simulation results show that the proposed approach can mitigate interference effectively and achieve a lower global interference level than the traditional better reply algorithm.
Analysis of Cache(SRAM) Memory for Core i™ 7 Processor

This paper presents the implementation of single-bit SRAM cell architecture along with its peripherals in standard gpdk 90nm technology library using Cadence tool. Different sense_amplifiers such as current mode and charge transfer sense_amplifiers have been implemented along with the low power reduction techniques in single-bit SRAM cell architecture. We have mainly focused on read, write delay as well as average power. It has been observed that single-bit SRAM cell architecture consists of charge transfer sense_amplifier results in a reduction of 30-35% in average power dissipation as well as 1.5% reduction in read delay and 15% reduction in write delay as compared to single-bit SRAM cell architecture implemented with a current sense amplifier. Furthermore, the single bit SRAM cell architecture along with CMSA implemented with MTCMOS techniques results in 1–5% reduction in average power dissipation. However, single bit SRAM cell architecture along with CTSA implemented with MTCMOS and footer stack techniques results in about 1% reduction in average power dissipation.
Unsupervised Super-Resolution Framework for Medical Ultrasound Images Using Dilated Convolutional Neural Networks

Ultrasound Imaging is one of the most widely used imaging modalities for clinic diagnosis, but suffers from a low resolution due to the intrinsic physical flaws. In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised super-resolution (USSR) framework to solve the single image super-resolution (SR) problem in ultrasound images which lack of training examples. Our method utilizes the powerful nonlinear mapping ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), without relying on prior training or any external data. We exploit the multi-scale contextual information extracted from the test image itself to train an image-specific network at test time. We utilize several techniques to improve the convergence and accuracy, including dilated convolution and residual learning. To capture valuable internal information, dilated convolution is employed to increase the receptive field without increasing the network parameters. To speed up the convergence of the training, residual learning is used to directly learn the difference between the high-resolution and low-resolution images. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations on real ultrasound images demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised method.
An X-Band Distributed Multi-Beam Antenna for Microwave Communication

In order to achieve high gain in the azimuth to cover 360-degree range. , a distributed multi-beam antenna based on switch transformation technique is proposed. Each antenna can cover 45-degree range in the direction of azimuth (eight antennas cover 360 degree) and 30 degree in the direction of elevation. , respectively. The light weight and low cost Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna (ACMSA) is designed to broaden the bandwidth of the traditional microstrip antenna. The CST MWS is used to simulate and optimize the antenna element. Based on the designed antenna element. , an array antenna is introduced. The array antenna prototype is fabricated using PCB processing technique and the measurement for the array is conducted. , the measured results show a good agreement with the simulation where the gain of the antenna is about 10.7dBi and the S11 parameter of the antenna is less than −10dB in the frequency range, respectively. 8 array antennas are assembled upon aluminum sustain structure to cover 360 degrees in the direction of azimuth and each array antenna can be selected by the switch to realize communication.
A Highly Manufacturable 75–150 VDC GaN-SiC RF Technology for Radars and Particle Accelerators

The latest advances in a GaN on SiC RF technology for powering radar systems and particle accelerators are reported. Unlike research-grade technologies based on novel materials, the technology presented here is highly manufacturable as it is based on commercially available GaN on SiC epitaxial wafers and the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure. However, compared to state-of-the-art GaN on SiC RF technology operating from 28 to 50 V, the approach and results presented in this paper explore core transistor designs that are suitable for operation with a bias voltage ranging from 75 to 150 VDC. Wafer processing is similar to typical GaN HEMT process modules for commercially available 28 – 50 V technology and therefore can be easily implemented in existing GaN on SiC manufacturing lines. The approach results in power densities > 10 W/mm at hundred watts power levels which is very desirable in mega-watts RF systems. The results presented in this publication illustrate some of the benefits achievable in radar systems and RF power sources for particle accelerators.
Vitamin D Level and Supplementation in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by a pruritic eczematous rash. Evidence surrounding the role of serum vitamin D (VD) in modifying disease severity is inconsistent. Objectives: To determine whether VD levels are correlated with AD severity and the effects of VD supplementation on disease modification. Methods: This was a 2-phase study, using a cross-sectional design to evaluate the relationship between VD level and severity, as well as a double-blinded, randomized control trial to elucidate the effects of VD supplementation. Patients aged 0 to 18 years with AD were included in phase 1, and disease severity and serum VD levels were determined. Those with renal, liver, or other dermatologic conditions were excluded. Patients with abnormal (<72.7 nmol/L) VD levels were eligible for phase 2 and to be randomized to either VD supplementation of 2000 IU/d or placebo. VD level and severity were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Results: The 77 patients included in phase 1 had a mean (SD) age of 7.4 (4.5) years, and 45.5% (33/77) were female. Increased severity was significantly correlated with lower VD levels (P = .015). Of the 45 patients included in phase 2, 21 and 24 were assigned to the supplementation and placebo arm, respectively. The mean (SD) change in severity did not differ significantly between the supplementation (15.35 [9.71]) and placebo (15.13 [8.97]) groups after 3 months of intervention (P = .7). Conclusion: Although VD levels correlated with AD severity, VD supplementation did not significantly improve disease severity.
Introducing Temporal Stable Models for Linear Dynamic Logic

We propose a new temporal extension of the logic of Hereand-There (HT) and its equilibria obtained by combining it with dynamic logic over (linear) traces. Unlike previous temporal extensions of HT based on linear temporal logic, the dynamic logic features allow us to reason about the composition of actions. For instance, this can be used to exercise fine grained control when planning in robotics, as exemplified by GOLOG. In this paper, we lay the foundations of our approach, and refer to it as Linear Dynamic Equilibrium Logic, or simply DEL. We start by developing the formal framework of DEL and provide relevant characteristic results. Among them, we elaborate upon the relationships to traditional linear dynamic logic and previous temporal extensions of HT.
2-D/3-D Hybrid DGTD Method with Adaptive Criterion Controlling 2-D Simplification Error

The 2-D/3-D hybrid discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method is efficient to deal with power-ground structures that contain elements capable of 2-D simplification. To generalize the capability of the 2-D/3-D DGTD method to deal with various complex structures in engineering design, a criterion is proposed to differentiate 2-D and 3-D elements adaptively. For domain decomposition criterion at time step $\pmb{t_{n}}$, the electromagnetic field distribution at the previous time step $\pmb{t_{n-1}}$ is analyzed to identify the zeroth-order parallel-plates mode domain. Compared with the classical static distance criterion, this new adaptive criterion makes the approximation error under control, thus enhancing the stability. The 2-D simplification error and its controlling algorithm is studied to better explain why and how the approximation error controlled by adaptive updating criterion.
A 19Gb/s RX for VSR-C2C Links with Clock-Less DFE and High-BW CDR Based on Master-Slave ILOs in 14nm CMOS

A receiver with a reference-less clocking architecture for high-density VSR-C2C links is described. It features clockless DFE and a high-bandwidth CDR based on master-slave ILOs for phase generation/rotation. The receiver is implemented in 14nm CMOS and characterized at 19Gb/s. It achieves a power-efficiency of 2.9pJ/b while recovering error-free data (BER< 10−12) across a 15dB loss channel. The jitter tolerance BW of the receiver is 250MHz and the INL of the ILO-based phase-rotator (32Step/UI) is <1-LSB.
Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set for Anomaly Detection of Network Traffic From Flow Interaction

We present a method to detect anomalies in time series of flow interaction patterns. There are many existing methods for anomaly detection in network traffic, such as the number of packets. However, there is no established method to detect anomalies in time series of flow interaction patterns that can be represented as complex network. First, based on the proposed multivariate flow similarity method on temporal locality, a complex network model (MFS-TL) is constructed to describe the interactive behaviors of traffic flows. After analyzing the relationships between MFS-TL characteristics, temporal locality window, and multivariate flow similarity critical threshold, an approach for parameters determination was established. Observed the evolution of MFS-TL characteristics, three non-deterministic correlations were defined for network states (i.e., normal or abnormal). Furthermore, intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) is introduced to quantify three non-deterministic correlations, and an anomaly detection method is put forward for single characteristic sequence. In order to build an objective IFS, we design a Gaussian distribution-based membership function with a variable hesitation degree. To determine the mapping of IFS’s clustering intervals to network states, a distinction index is developed. Furthermore, an IFS ensemble method (IFSE-AD) is proposed to eliminate the impacts of the inconsistent about MFS-TL characteristic to network state and to improve detection performance. Finally, we carried out extensive experiments on some network traffic datasets, and the results validate the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate the superiority of IFSE-AD to state-of-the-art approaches.
Determination Scheme for Accurate Defect Depth in Underground Pipeline Inspection by Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Sensors

The magnetic flux leakage-type nondestructive testing has been applied for the highly efficient inspection of defects in ferromagnetic materials such as underground gas pipelines. In the system, the magnetic field is applied to magnetize a steel pipe so as to induce the leakage signal in the vicinity of defects on the pipe. From the measured sensor signals, decomposing or estimating sizes and shapes of defects are necessary. For the maintenance, the depth estimation is the most important procedure for the management of a safety accident. However, the previous depth estimation contains high error rate inevitably because the depth signal implies the width and length error simultaneously. This paper focused on the enhanced algorithm for the depth sizing in various defects by using the decoupling algorithm to enhance the accuracy of defect depth. Estimated results show good agreements with measured ones.
Field Verification of Frequency Control by Energy-Intensive Loads for Isolated Power Systems With High Penetration of Wind Power

Frequency control of isolated power systems with high penetration of wind power is a challenging task for system operators. The difficulty results from the limited frequency response capability of thermal power units to keep up with the fluctuations of wind power. This paper develops a field verification architecture to leverage aluminum smelting loads (ASLs) to participate in primary frequency control. A new method is proposed to coordinate ASLs with thermal power units to quickly stabilize the isolated power system with significant wind power fluctuations or curtailments. Moreover, a closed-loop control system for the ASLs controller is developed and tested on a real-world isolated power system in Inner Mongolia, China. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations, as well as field tests, are conducted under various scenarios of wind power fluctuations or curtailments to verify the proposed architecture for frequency control. The highly consistent simulation results and field tests demonstrate the good frequency control capability of the ASL. The regulated power from the ASL is demonstrated to be able to reach 6% of its rated power within 4 s. Working jointly with thermal power units, the ASL helps maintain the stable operation of the isolated power system, significantly improving the frequency response characteristic.
Accommodating Stealth Assessment in Serious Games: Towards Developing a Generic Tool

Stealth assessment derives the progression of learning in an unobtrusive way from observed gameplay captured in log files. To this end, it uses machine learning technologies to provide probabilistic reasoning over established latent competency variable models. Now that video games are increasingly being used for training and learning purposes, stealth assessment could provide an excellent means of monitoring learning progress without the need for explicit testing. However, applying stealth assessment is a complex and laborious process. This paper analyses the limitations of stealth assessment and conceptualizes the requirements for developing a generic tool that could overcome its barriers and accommodate its practical application. Hence, a framework is presented describing its user and functional requirements. The proposed generic solution could open up the wider uptake of stealth assessment in serious games.
A 112 Gb/s PAM4 Linear TIA with 0.96 pJ/bit Energy Efficiency in 28 nm CMOS

This paper presents a 112 Gb/s PAM4 CMOS linear TIA to meet the requirements of emerging 400G Ethernet standards for data center interconnect. A regulated inverter-based amplifier with inductive shunt feedback is used to realize a high bandwidth, low noise front-end in 28 nm bulk CMOS process. A VGA accommodates input currents up to 1 mApp with <5% THD, and a 72 GHz post-amplifier chain delivers 300 mVppoutput swing. The TIA provides 65 dBΩ trans-impedance gain with 4.7 µArmsinput referred noise while dissipating 107 mW. Careful optimization of distributed inductive peaking ensures <5 ps group delay variation over 45 GHz. Standalone electrical measurements verify the ability of the TIA to receive 112 Gb/s PAM4 data with an energy efficiency of 0.96 pJ/bit, showing the potential for single-chip CMOS transceiver solutions for next-generation data center applications.
Reduction of Intergranular Exchange Coupling for CoPt–B2O3 Granular Media by Employing a RuCoCr-Oxide Buffer Layer With Oxide of Various Melting Points

Investigation of magnetic properties and microstructure for the Co<sub>80</sub>Pt<sub>20</sub>-30vol% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> granular medium deposited on Ru<sub>50</sub>Co<sub>25</sub>Cr<sub>25</sub>-30vol% oxide buffer layer (BL) with oxide of various melting points was conducted. It was found that by employing a BL, coercivity of the granular medium is enhanced due to the promotion of intergranular exchange decoupling. Thickness of the BL to obtain the maximum coercivity can be reduced when oxides with high melting point is utilized. Significant reduction of grain diameter (<italic>GD</italic>) of the granular medium is obtained when a thick BL with high-melting point oxide is applied. For a typical Ru<sub>50</sub>Co<sub>25</sub>Cr<sub>25</sub>-30vol% TiO<sub>2</sub> BL of 2 nm, a granular medium with high coercivity, anisotropy field, and small magnetic <italic>GD</italic> of 9.4, 19.5 kOe, and 5.6 nm, respectively, can be achieved.