Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Clustering of Seismicity During the 2018 Kilauea Volcanic Eruption

The intense volcanic and seismic activity at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii in 2018 provides an opportunity to understand the characteristics and driving forces of volcano earthquake clusters. Nearest neighbor distance analysis of a high‐resolution earthquake catalog reveals two modes of clustering: M1 and M2. M1 clusters focus on events within short space and time windows, and are concentrated within isolated fault patches. Examination of three structures shows a gradual increase of source radius (assuming a constant stress drop) and spatial migration of seismicity, likely representing aseismic growth of peripheral faults. M2 clusters focus on temporal clustering of all seismicity within the caldera and most clusters represent complete seismicity cycles between major collapse events. Beginning in late June, the M2 cluster duration gradually increased. The event numbers show a strong linear relationship with the tilt rates on the transverse component, suggesting earthquake rates are controlled by the deformation rate within the caldera.
Opening the black box: Actors and interactions shaping European sectoral social dialogue

This article highlights the importance of organizational resources and individual capabilities for interactions and relationships among social partners in European sectoral social dialogue committees (SSDCs). We use an actor-centred approach to investigate work programme setting in the hospital and metalworking SSDCs. Our research reveals differences in how European social partner organizations coordinate and integrate members in SSDCs. In hospital, European Union (EU)-social partners build bridges that span otherwise separate actors or groups. The findings suggest that the absence of bridging efforts can lead to the dominance of a few actors. In metalworking, small cohesive groups are more effective in forming close networks and determining work programmes. While work programmes in hospital represent issues which are on national agendas, in metalworking, they focus mainly on EU policy areas.
Solving the mystery of the walk-off soliton

Pioneering works on multimode fiber transmission [1,2], dated 40 years ago, predicted the existence of multimode solitons, providing conditions for the temporal trapping of the input optical modes to form a spatiotemporal soliton [3-5]. Only recently [6-8], multimode solitons were experimentally investigated in graded-index multimode fibers (GRIN), unveiling the complexity of a new, uncharted field. In our work, we experimentally and numerically investigated the propagation of ultrashort pulses over long distances of GRIN fiber. We discovered a new class of spatiotemporal solitons with surprising properties: basically single-mode, they cannot be described by the variational theory; their pulsewidth and energy are independent of the input pulse duration, and appear to depend only on the fiber dispersive parameters and, therefore, the wavelength. The new solitons are promising for the delivery of high-energy laser beams, for high-power spatiotemporal mode-locked multimode fiber lasers, and for high-bit rate multimode fiber networks.
Characterization and properties of sodium alginate from brown algae used as an ecofriendly superabsorbent

Sodium alginate obtained from the extraction of brown algae is used as the backbone for the synthesis of superabsorbent nanocomposite copolymerization. The first stage of extraction is the demineralization process using 0.1 M HCl solution and then 2% Na2CO3 solution for 2 hours at 60°C. The rendement of sodium alginate obtained was 44.32% with molecular weight of 40680 g/mol with measurement of the intrinsic viscosity. FTIR spectra of sodium alginate showed mannuronic acid functional group at wavenumber 884 cm-1 and the uronic acid at wavenumber 939 cm-1, OH functional group at wavenumber 3200-3400 cm-1, and CH2 stretching at wavenumber 2928 cm-1. The diffraction pattern of isolated sodium alginate has specific 2θ at 13.068 and 21.096, amorphous intensity found specific 2θ at 18.058, and the obtained crystallinity degree of the sodium alginate is equal to 29.292% from the XRD analysis. The morphological analysis by SEM shows fibrils of isolated sodium alginate. The success isolation of sodium alginate from brown algae is supported by DSC which shows the decomposition temperature of pure sodium alginate and isolated alginate have close values, namely 251.12°C for pure sodium alginate and 229.90°C for isolated sodium alginate.
Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules Produced by the Oxidation of
Benzene and Toluene in a Wide Range of OH Exposure and NOx Conditions

Abstract. Oxidation of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leads to the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol, for which gaseous oxygenated products are important intermediates. We show herein experimental results of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) produced by the oxidation of benzene and toluene in a wide range of OH exposure and NOx conditions. The results suggest multi-generation OH oxidation plays an important role in the product distribution, which likely proceeds more preferably via H subtraction than OH addition for early-generation products from light aromatics. Our experimental conditions promote the formation of more oxygenated products than previous flow-tube studies. The formation of dimeric products however was suppressed and might be unfavorable under conditions of high OH exposure and low NOx in toluene oxidation. Under high-NOx conditions, nitrogen-containing multifunctional products are formed, while the formation of other HOMs is suppressed. Products containing two nitrogen atoms become more important as the NOx level increases, and the concentrations of these compounds depend significantly on NO2. The highly oxygenated nitrogen-containing products might be peroxyacylnitrates, implying a prolonged effective lifetime of RO2 that facilitates regional pollution. Our results call for further investigation on the roles of high-NO2 conditions in the oxidation of aromatic VOCs.
Invasion of Ceratium furcoides in subtropical lakes in Uruguay: environmental drivers and first fish kill record

The invasive freshwater dinoflagellate Ceratium furcoides is extending its distribution in South America with increasing environmental impacts associated with its blooms. We here report two events related to C. furcoides distribution expansion in Uruguay: 1) the first appearance and main environmental drivers (physico-chemical variables, extreme wind events and zooplankton composition) of the bloom of C. furcoides in 2012 in a subtropical eutrophic shallow lake (Lake Blanca, Uruguay), and 2) the fish kill event of Prochilodus lineatus likely caused by C. furcoides in 2016 in a deep eutrophic lake (Puente de las Americas, Uruguay), which is the first fish kill attributable to C. furcoides registered in the world. The bloom of C. furcoides in Lake Blanca started in spring 2012 (October) during a clear water period with high phytoplankton species replacement after a cyanobacterial bloom of Raphidiopsis raciborskii. Extreme wind events during this period resuspended cysts from the sediments, which likely started the C. furcoides bloom. High nutrient availability and low zooplankton grazing, allowed the bloom to expand and reach 96% of the phytoplankton biomass. Our results further indicate that the fish kill of Prochilodus lineatus in Lake Puente de las Americas was likely promoted by the high biomass of C. furcoides bloom, causing gill damage and clogging together with oxygen depletion in the benthic zone. Our study is the earliest record of C. furcoides in Uruguay and it shows the drastic consequences of C. furcoides bloom in freshwaters and its potential of inducing massive fish kills.
Leaf Physiological and Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content Responses to Trinexapac-ethyl Application of Sports Turf Grasses Exposed to Water Stress

Water stress causes alterations in physiological and metabolic processes in plants and is considered the primary environmental factor affecting the management of sports turf grass species.This glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on canopy net photosynthesis (Pn), cell membrane stability (CMS), turf quality (TQ) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation responses of sports turf cultivars [Cv] (100% fescue, Rootzone and Arena sports) subjected to water stress. Commercially obtained sods of turf plants were treated with 2 L/ ha TE and then exposed 7 days after to water stress. The treatments were: (i) water untreated, (ii) water TE-treated, (iii) water stress untreated; and (iv) water stress TE-treated and the experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that specifically in Cv. Rootzone, Pn was 50% higher for well water TE treated plants compared to the other treatments during the second and third week of the study. Similarly, at 14 days after application, the effect TE resulted to 35% and 50% reduction in cell membrane leakages Original Research Article Agwa et al.; APRJ, 7(3): 36-49, 2021; Article no.APRJ. 65932 37 respectively in well water and water stressed TE-treated Cv. Rootzone plants and this was statistically significant (P=0.05) different from the untreated plants. On a scale of 1-9, all turf types recorded TQ rating of ≥8 at the start of the experiment. By the fourth week of the study, it was observed that all water stress untreated plants had mean TQ (5.75) ratings lower than the minimum acceptable TQ (6). WSC content of well-watered TE-untreated plants was maintained below 60 mg/g DW throughout the study regardless of turf type. After 28 day of water stress duration, the WSC contents obtained in water stress TE-treated plants were 41%, 43% and 50% higher for Cv. Rootzone, 100% fescue and Cv. Arena sports, respectively , than in well water untreated plants. Summer preconditioning of plants with TE can be a possible management tool in alleviating the detrimental impacts of water stress in sport turf species.
Economía del comportamiento, políticas conductuales y nudges

Behavioral policies, in general, and nudges, in particular, are part of the toolbox that allows us to improve the design and implementation of evidence-based policies. Proposals based on the new behavioral sciences are complementary to traditional incentive-based proposals. In this article, three examples of the application of behavioral policies, as well as their relation to more classic interventions, are discussed in situations incorporating an increasing level of complexity. First, I will focus on situations involving individual decision-making problems. Second, situations in which the decision-maker considers other people. Finally, situations where there is social interaction with other people.
Impulsivity and Decision-making Style Among Tramadol Drug Addicts and its Relation to Frontal Lobe Volume

Objectives: Drug addiction has its effects on different behavioral and personality traits including impulsivity and pattern of decision-making. The frontal lobe was the focus of many of these studies regarding its important role in decision-making and other higher cognitive processes. We aimed to detect the pattern of decision-making styles and impulsivity among people with tramadol addiction, and also to find out if tramadol addiction has effects on the volume of different regions of the frontal lobe. Materials and Methods: Two groups were included: group A included 12 patients with tramadol addiction and group B included 23 healthy cross-matching controls. Both groups were subjected to urine drug screening, Iowa gambling task (IGT), UPPS scales (negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking), and structural magnetic resonance imaging brain study. Results: The patients’ group has shown a significantly lower volume of the brain white matter, gray matter, and cortical thickness (P<0.001). This group has also shown a significantly higher scores of IGT-A and IGT-B (P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively) and has shown a higher score of all subscales of UPPS. Conclusions: Tramadol addiction is associated with a reduced volume of the brain white matter, gray matter, and cortical thickness. All regions of the frontal lobe have shown significant volume reduction in the tramadol group. Tramadol addiction and its duration are associated with risky decision-making style and with higher impulsivity than nonaddicts.
Detoxification of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Background: Aflatoxin M1 is a highly toxic and carcinogenic compound which is found in milk and milk products and it is a hydorxylated metabolite of Aflatoxin B1. When the dairy animal digested AFB1 contaminated feed, it is changed to aflatoxin M1 and transferred to tissues and milk. Aflatoxin M1 is less carcinogenic than AFB1, but it is acutely hepatotoxic as AFB1. Liver is their main target organ in the body. It has been calculated approximately that 0.3- 6.2% of presented AFB1 in animal feed transferred as aflatoxin M1 in milk. Occurrence of AFM1 in milk and milk products is a big concern. Therefore, several countries have standardized the maximum levels of AFM1 in milk and milk products. Methods: In this experiment, the ability of yoghurt bacteria to degrade AFM1 levels in milk and yoghurt were analysed. The starter culture of yoghurt contains Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus (1:1). The experiment is carried out in Glasgow Caledonian University, department of life science in 2010. Result: These bacteria showed the higher binding ability between 90- 100% in milk samples whereas no considerable reduction was observed in yoghurt samples. In some yoghurt samples, an increase of AFM1 level was detected but in overall, concentration of AFM1 was stable in yoghurt. Also, the fat content of milk and yoghurt did not have any negative or positive effect on the concentration of AFM1 in milk and yoghurt.
Social Media Use and Sleep Disturbance among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Recently, social media use has become prevalent in the daily lives of many adolescents. This study was performed to address adolescents’ sleep quality and depression in relation to social media use. Method : This cross-sectional cluster-sampling study was directed on 576 high school students in 2019 in Hamadan, Iran. Three standard self-reported questionnaires were used for recording sleep patterns (Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index (PSQI)), depression (Beck), and Electronic Media Use. Data was analyzed using SPSS. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as being significant. Results: Among the adolescents 290 (50.3%) were female and the age median was 17. The average time of all Smart devices used was 7.5±4.4 hours per day. Among all students 62.3 % (359) said that they had their cell phone on in their bedroom when they sleep. In boys, the amount of social media use was significantly more than girls and poor sleep quality had a statically significant relationship with social media use (P-Value = 0.02). Additionally, there was a reverse correlation between the average use of electronic devices and sleep duration (Spearman’s rho = 0.17; P-Value = 0.03), and a direct correlation between the average use in social media and depression (Spearman’s rho = 0.171; P-Value < 0.001). Conclusion: In this important age group a high level of electronic devices use and its relationship with sleep quality, daily dysfunction, sleep duration and depression is worthy of issue awareness among health managers, parents and teachers for providing interventional programs, based on standard updated guidelines, in order to reduce the problem and familiarize adolescents and their parents, at home or school, with restrictions on using devices to view and participate in social media.
On-Line Interpretation and Real-Time Diagnosis of Rocket’s Single Equipment

The work state of a launch vehicle is generally interpreted automatically on software. However, the sheer number of target parameters makes it difficult to realize real-time interpretation, and abnormal interpretation result does not necessarily mean that the vehicle is in abnormal state. This paper introduces the edge computing to achieve on-line interpretation and real-time diagnosis of a single launch vehicle. Firstly, the parameters to be interpreted were subjected to thresholding, leaving only those with high interpretation value. Next, the interpretation server layer of the real-time diagnosis model was built based on the attribute and value reduction algorithm of variable precision rough set (VPRS). Moreover, the higher-grade criteria were written in criterion modeling language (CML) and used to interpret the various higher-grade interpretation data pushed by the edge layer in real time. On this basis, the outputs of the edge layer and interpretation server layer were integrated to achieve the real-time diagnosis of single vehicle faults. Finally, the proposed model was proved feasible through the application in a launch vehicle.
Lung Cancer in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by germline pathogenic variants in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. LFS is characterized by a high risk of developing many tumor types including sarcomas, leukemia, CNS tumors, breast cancer, and adrenocortical carcinoma. Lung cancer risk is also part of the LFS tumor spectrum, with a frequency of 2%-7%, although the clinical phenotype is less well-characterized. In a 2017 cohort study, the estimated risk for lung cancer in patients with LFS was approximately 22%, with diagnoses nearly always occurring in adulthood. An additional two studies have been published that include characterization of lung cancer in LFS, although neither of these studies describe the modality of detection in detail. LFS cancer surveillance protocols include whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) and other targeted screening (ie, breast magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], brain MRI, and upper and lower endoscopy). This intensive approach allows for earlier detection and improved survival in comparison with detection of cancer solely on the basis of symptom detection. Although computed tomographic scans and positron emission tomographic scans have well-defined roles for screening in the general population and staging lung cancer, respectively, the use and effectiveness of MRI to detect lung cancer in the setting of LFS is less wellestablished. Studies have indicated that WBMRI can identify non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with LFS, but these reports have not included review of serial imaging to determine when in development these lesions came to attention or the clinical outcomes of these tumors.
Chapter 5.3a Mount Early and Sheridan Bluff: volcanology

Abstract Two small monogenetic volcanoes are exposed at Mount Early and Sheridan Bluff, in the upper reaches of Scott Glacier. In addition, the presence of abundant fresh volcanic detritus in moraines at two other localities suggests further associated volcanism, now obscured by the modern Antarctic ice sheet. One of those occurrences has been attributed to a small subglacial volcano only c. 200 km from South Pole, making it the southernmost volcano in the world. All of the volcanic outcrops in the Scott Glacier region are grouped in a newly defined Upper Scott Glacier Volcanic Field, which is part of the McMurdo Volcanic Group (Western Ross Supergroup). The volcanism is early Miocene in age (c. 25–16 Ma), and the combination of tholeiitic and alkaline mafic compositions differs from the more voluminous alkaline volcanism in the West Antarctic Rift System. The Mount Early volcano was erupted subglacially, when the contemporary ice was considerably thicker than present. By contrast, lithologies associated with the southernmost volcano, currently covered by 1.5 km of modern ice, indicate that it was erupted when any associated ice was either much thinner or absent. The eruptive setting for Sheridan Bluff is uncertain and is still being investigated.
Scepticism of food labelling versus food advertising: a replication and extension

ABSTRACT Given the obesity epidemic and regulatory responses to this public health crisis in the United States and the European Union, it is especially important that we understand how consumers evaluate health and nutrition information presented on food labels and in food advertisements. A single study has explored consumer scepticism of food labelling versus that of food advertising. We replicate the results of this initial work, ask additional questions that extend our understanding of consumer scepticism, and replicate our own findings. Respondents are consistently uncertain about food science, distrustful of regulatory efficacy, suspicious of commercial speech, and sceptical of health claims and the Nutrition Facts Panel. Taken together, these stable results suggest possible manufacturer and regulatory responses and future research directions.
The structure of the relationship between indicators of aerobic performance, central hemodynamics, microcirculation and hemorheology

Introduction. In physiological research, an important task is to find the relationship between the various functional parameters of the organism, its individual systems and its elements. These relationships can be complex, mediated by additional factors and when using pair correlation, they cannot be detected. In this case, it seems justified to use factor analysis to search for the hidden structure of relationships between many variables. The aim. Factor analysis of a set of data, including indicators of aerobic performance, central hemodynamics, microcirculation (MC) and hemorheology.Materials and methods. The study involved 172 men aged 20 to 60 years. Physical performance was determined using the PWC170 test. Microcirculation parameters were determined using biomicroscopy and Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI). The complex of hemorheological characteristics included the viscosity of blood and plasma, aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes. Statistical processing, including factor analysis, was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 software package. The factorial model included 32 parameters. When interpreting the results of factor analysis, variables with factor loadings of more than 0.60 were considered.Results. Three factors were identified, which accounted for 71 % of the total variance. The first factor closely correlated with the level of the body’s aerobic performance parameters and its adaptive potential. The second factor correlated with hemodynamic parameters at the central and microcirculatory level, including integral rheological parameters. The third factor correlated with the parameters of microvessels and the rheological properties of erythrocytes.Conclusions. The constructed factor model demonstrates the level structure of the relationships of indicators of aerobic performance, central hemodynamics, microcirculation, and hemorheology. The selected factors – the hidden elements of this structure linking individual variables – were interpreted as levels of integration: organismic, systemic and microlevel.