Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universal graphs and induced-universal graphs

We construct graphs that contain all bounded-degree trees on n vertices as induced subgraphs and have only cn edges for some constant c depending only on the maximum degree. In general, we consider the problem of determining the graphs, so-called universal graphs (or induceduniversal graphs), with as few vertices and edges as possible having the property that all graphs in a specified family are contained as subgraphs (or induced subgraphs). We obtain bounds for the size of universal and induced-universal graphs for many classes of graphs such as trees and planar graphs. These bounds are obtained by establishing relationships between.the universal graphs and the induced-universal graphs.
Feasibility of renal transplantation after unroofing of a large renal cyst in an expanded criteria donor

We present a case in which a deceased donor kidney with a large simple cyst was successfully unroofed and transplanted to a 61-year-old male. The donor was a 62-year-old male with a history of hypertension for 2 years; cerebral vascular accident was the cause of death. A large 8-cm cyst distorting the renal hilum was identified upon the procurement of the deceased donor kidney. Prior to transplantation, the large cyst was unroofed from the allograft; the frozen section confirmed a benign cyst and the transplant was performed. Postoperatively, the serum creatinine level was 1.4 mg/ml at 22-month follow-up and the patient was normotensive. Deceased donor kidneys with giant cysts distorting the renal hilum can be effectively transplanted.
No production in cultured equine cells stimulated by LPS and cytokines.

Culture cells from a horse were stimulated by LPS and cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO) production was rendered detectable by a fluorescent measurement reagent. Increase of NO production was observed over time in the LPS-and cytokine-stimulated cells after the addition of l-arginine, a substrate for NO. NO production was observed to increase slightly over time, even in cells not stimulated by the addition of l-arginine. The addition of l-NMMA (an i-NOS inhibitor) along with l-arginine to the LPS-and cytokine-stimulated cells was found to markedly suppress NO synthesis. Enhancement of fluorescence intensity depended on LPS levels, suggesting that NO production may also depend on LPS levels.
Vixen: interactive visualization of gameplay experiences

Visualization techniques can facilitate the understanding and exploration of relationships in usertesting data. For example, data from players' in-game movement can be combined with interview data or questionnaire results. However, the process of amalgamation is not straightforward, because the underlying data often exists in different formats. Another challenge is making these visualizations simple enough to provide a quick overview for producers, but also detailed enough to be usable and practical for gameplay programmers. Although various visualization techniques have already been introduced in this domain, most of these techniques focus on displaying large amounts of quantitative telemetry data without integrating qualitative or contextual data on player experience. Moreover, most of the current visualizations are static representations of usertesting data, so they cannot dynamically adjust to users' (e.g. producers, programmers) needs. Hence, there is a need for an interactive visualization tool that can adjust data representation based on the nature and detail level of data required from different members of a development team. This paper reports our current development efforts on a tool that assists data collection and provides a dynamic and interactive representation of usertesting data. We also report two initial studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the tool with game developers to guide our future development.
Bilateral Cochlear Implants, Minimizing Auditory Rehabilitation

Bilateral cochlear implant has increased in recent years due to benefits such as the lo‐ cation of the sign, decrease in head shadow effect, and binaural summation. The aim of this chapter is to discuss issues related to the bilateral cochlear implant costs and benefits and its reflections on auditory rehabilitation, allowing the reader to do a search and strengthen it scientifically with this issue, giving theoretical foundation to better guide and advise their patients.
Ultrafast VCSELs for Datacom

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are broadly used as low-cost reliable light sources for high-speed data communication in local area and storage area networks (LANs/SANs), as well as for computer and consumer applications. The rapid increase of the serial transmission speed and the limitations of copper-based links at bit rates beyond 10 Gb/s and distances beyond 1 m extend the applications of fiber-optic interconnects to progressively shorter distances. The wavelength of 850 nm is standard for LAN/SAN applications over OM3 and OM4 multimode fibers and will continue playing an important role in future standards. In the last year, impressive results were achieved with oxide-confined VCSELs emitting at 850 nm. The data transmission rate could be shifted from 30 to 38 Gb/s, which is presently the highest data rate for any oxide-confined VCSELs.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide increases blood flow and potentiates plasma protein extravasation in the rat knee joint

1 The effects of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and other vasoactive mediators of inflammation on blood flow in the synovial vessels and plasma protein extravasation into the knee (femoro‐tibial) joint of the pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized rat were measured. 2 Changes in synovial blood flow were estimated by 133xenon clearance from the synovial cavity. CGRP (0.1 pmol and 10 pmol) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; 3 pmol and 300 pmol) significantly increased clearance from the knee joint measured 5 min after intra‐articular injection. Substance P (10 pmol) had no effect on synovial blood flow. 3 Intra‐articular perfusion of the rat knee with CGRP at concentrations up to 0.1 mm, or PGE1 at concentrations up to 10 μm, did not increase plasma extravasation into the synovial cavity measured by accumulation of intravenously injected 125I‐albumin in the perfusate. 4 Plasma extravasation into the knee was significantly increased by infusion of bradykinin (0.1 μm), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (1 μm) and histamine (0.1 mm), compared with the contralateral joints in the same animals which were perfused with Tyrode solution. 5 Perfusion of the knee joint with substance P did not specifically induce 125I‐labelled albumin accumulation in the synovial cavity even at doses that had systemic effects as observed by marked plasma extravasation into other tissues. 6 The increase in plasma extravasation induced by histamine (0.1 mm) was potentiated by co‐infusion with CGRP (0.1 μm) and PGE1 (3 μm). However the response to a submaximal dose (0.1 μm) of bradykinin, which induced similar plasma extravasation to histamine (0.1 mm), was not increased by co‐infusion with CGRP or PGE1. 7 These results show that CGRP is a potent vasodilator in the rat knee. CGRP released from sensory nerves may act synergistically with mediators of increased vascular permeability to modify the inflammatory response in this site.
Risk of Neurological Decompression Sickness in the Diver With a Right-to-Left Shunt: Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective:Literature review and meta-analysis to review the evidence of relationship between the presence of right-to-left shunts (RLSs) and the occurrence of neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in divers. Data Sources:MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Health Technology Assessment databases. Study Selection:Five case-control studies in which the prevalence of a RLS in a group of divers with neurological DCS was compared with that of a group of divers with no history of DCS, 3 cross-transversal studies in which the prevalence of RLS was measured in divers with neurological DCS, and 4 cross-transversal studies in which the prevalence of RLS was measured in divers with no history of DCS were reviewed. Data Extraction:Only case-control studies were retained for meta-analysis. Data Synthesis:This meta-analysis gathers 5 studies and 654 divers. The combined odds ratio of neurological DCS in divers with RLS was 4.23 (3.05-5.87). The meta-analysis including only large RLS found a combined odds ratio of 6.49 (4.34-9.71). Conclusions:Because of a low incidence of neurological DCS, increase in absolute risk of neurological DCS due to RLS is probably small. Thus, in recreational diving, the systematic screening of RLS seems unnecessary. In professional divers, because of a chronic exposition and unknown consequences of cerebral asymptomatic lesions, these results raise again the benefit of the transcranial Doppler in the screening and quantification of the RLS, independently of their location.
The mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor recognizes a response element in the 5′ flanking sequence of the rat acyl CoA oxidase gene.

Peroxisome proliferators are a diverse group of chemicals, including several hypolipidaemic drugs, that activate a nuclear hormone receptor termed the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR). The peroxisomal enzyme acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) is the most widely used marker of peroxisome proliferator action. We have examined the 5′ flanking region of the rat ACO gene for sequences that mediate the transcriptional effect of peroxisome proliferators and have identified an element located 570 bp upstream of the ACO gene that confers responsiveness to the hypolipidaemic peroxisome proliferator Wy‐14,643. This peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) contains a direct repeat of the sequence motifs TGACCT and TGTCCT and binds PPAR. These data therefore indicate an important role of PPAR in mediating the action of peroxisome proliferators including the induction of ACO.
Na-Pi cotransporter expressed during the differentiation of pancreatic AR42J cells.

Pancreatic AR42J cells express both exocrine and neuroendocrine properties (1). When exposed to activin A and betacellulin, these cells convert to insulin-secreting cells (2). Hence, these cells provide a model system to study the mechanism of differentiation of pancreatic -cells. Using AR42J-B20 cells, a subclone of AR42J, we studied the genes that had increased expression during the course of differentiation (3). In that study, we identified 20 genes upregulated by the treatment with a combination of activin A and betacellulin. Among those 20 genes, 5 were novel. One of those, AB20, was interesting in that its expression was inhibited by PD098059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase, which blocked the differentiation of AR42J cells. It appeared that expression of AB20 was tightly related with differentiation of AR42J cells into insulinsecreting cells. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the cDNA for AB20. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,746 bp. The cDNA encoded a protein containing 582 amino acids with an apparent molecular weight of 64.5 kDa. The protein was related to the brain-specific Na-Pi cotransporter (BNPI), with an identity of 76.2%. This protein was therefore designated as the differentiation-associated Na-Pi cotransporter (DNPI). Structurally, DNPI belongs to the type 1 Na-Pi cotransporters, which include Napi-1, NPT-1, Npt1, BNPI, and RNaPi. To determine the functional property of DNPI, we injected DNPI mRNA into Xenopus oocytes and measured sodium-dependent P uptake. The results showed that DNPI functioned as a Na-Pi cotransporter and that the activity of DNPI was slightly lower than that of BNPI. Northern blot analysis showed that DNPI was expressed in the brain but not in other tissues, including the pancreas. However, when analyzed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, mRNA for DNPI was detected in pancreatic islets. These results indicate that DNPI is a Na-Pi cotransporter expressed in pancreatic islets.
The investigation and treatment of female pelvic floor dysfunction.

BACKGROUND 25% of all women report involuntary loss of urine, and 7% may require treatment. METHODS This review is based on a selection of pertinent literature, including guidelines and Cochrane reviews. RESULTS The assessment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women begins with a basic evaluation that is followed by special diagnostic tests if indicated. The physician taking the clinical history should inquire about the patient's behavior, personality, social and other stressors, and eating and drinking habits, as well as any mental disorders that may be present, including anxiety disorders, depression, somatization disorders, and disorders of adaptation. Conservative treatment consists mainly of lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, and medication. Stress incontinence is most commonly treated with pelvic floor exercises, with a documented success rate of 56.1% vs. 6% without such treatment (relative risk 8.38, 95% confidence interval 3.67-19.07). If incontinence persists, surgery may be indicated ( implantation of suburethral tension-free slings, or colposuspension). Feedback and biofeedback training can be used to treat an overactive bladder. If these techniques and drug therapy are unsuccessful, botulinum toxin injections can be considered. CONCLUSION Well-validated treatments for pelvic floor dysfunction are available. Psychosomatic factors must be taken into account and can have a major effect on treatment outcomes.
Antibiofilm effect of green engineered silver nanoparticles fabricated from Artemisia scoporia extract on the expression of icaA and icaR genes against multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are at the forefront of the swiftly developing scope of nanotechnology. In the current study, we investigated the green synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia scoporia as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐Transform infrared spectroscopy, dispersive absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The efficacy of the nanoparticle synthesis was assessed by comparing the antibiofilm activity with commercial AgNPs. The effect of sub‐minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs on biofilm formation was determined by microtiter plate assay. The expression level of the icaA and icaR genes was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay. The structural and functional aspects of AgNPs were confirmed. The expression levels of icaA and icaR in the isolates exposed to sub‐MIC of both commercial and biosynthetic AgNPs were lower and higher than in the control group, respectively. Our results also indicated that greater reduction and induction in icaA and icaR gene expression were noticed with the sub‐MIC doses of biosynthetic AgNP versus commercial AgNP, respectively. This study suggested the application of AgNPs as a significant therapeutic and clinical option in the future and usage for fabricating medical implants. Nevertheless, further investigation is required for examining the pharmaceutical and medicinal properties of AgNPs.
Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Synthesize ELR−α-Chemokines in Response to Proinflammatory Mediators

The purpose of this study was to characterize the synthesis of α -chemokines IP-10, MIG, and I-TAC by human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) following exposure to proinflammatory mediators. Supernatants were collected from HCE cultures stimulated with individual or combinations of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IFN-γ, and assayed for α -chemokines by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to detect IFN-γ receptor mRNA. Activation of STAT1 was determined by Western blotting. Stimulation of HCE with either IL-1α or TNF-α increased IP-10 protein synthesis up to 6-fold, whereas insignificant levels of MIG and I-TAC were induced. The epithelial cells were found to express IFN-γ receptors constitutively. Exposure to the ligand resulted in STAT1 phosphorylation and production of nanogram amounts of IP-10, I-TAC, and MIG. When HCE were stimulated with combinations of TNF-α and IFN-γ, or IL-1α and IFN-γ, the levels of IP-10 and I-TAC secreted were > 150-fold higher than that produced following exposure to a single cytokine. In contrast, MIG protein synthesis was not enhanced upon stimulation with cytokine combinations. The abundant production of ELR−α -chemokines following appropriate stimulation suggests that HCE may play an important role in the recruitment of effector cells such as activated T-lymphocytes to inflamed corneal tissue. The data also indicate that the synthesis of IP-10, I-TAC, and MIG are differentially regulated in HCE.
Loss of the Protease Dimerization Inhibition Activity of Tipranavir (TPV) and Its Association with the Acquisition of Resistance to TPV by HIV-1

ABSTRACT Tipranavir (TPV), a protease inhibitor (PI) inhibiting the enzymatic activity and dimerization of HIV-1 protease, exerts potent activity against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 isolates. When a mixture of 11 multi-PI-resistant (but TPV-sensitive) clinical isolates (HIV11MIX), which included HIVB and HIVC, was selected against TPV, HIV11MIX rapidly (by 10 passages [HIV11MIX P10]) acquired high-level TPV resistance and replicated at high concentrations of TPV. HIV11MIX P10 contained various amino acid substitutions, including I54V and V82T. The intermolecular FRET-based HIV-1 expression assay revealed that TPV's dimerization inhibition activity against cloned HIVB (cHIVB) was substantially compromised. The introduction of I54V/V82T into wild-type cHIVNL4-3 (cHIVNL4-3I54V/V82T ) did not block TPV's dimerization inhibition or confer TPV resistance. However, the introduction of I54V/V82T into cHIVB (cHIVB I54V/V82T) compromised TPV's dimerization inhibition and cHIVB I54V/V82T proved to be significantly TPV resistant. L24M was responsible for TPV resistance with the cHIVC genetic background. The introduction of L24M into cHIVNL4-3 (cHIVNL4-3L24M ) interfered with TPV's dimerization inhibition, while L24M increased HIV-1's susceptibility to TPV with the HIVNL4-3 genetic background. When selected with TPV, cHIVNL4-3I54V/V82T most readily developed TPV resistance and acquired E34D, which compromised TPV's dimerization inhibition with the HIVNL4-3 genetic background. The present data demonstrate that certain amino acid substitutions compromise TPV's dimerization inhibition and confer TPV resistance, although the loss of TPV's dimerization inhibition is not always associated with significantly increased TPV resistance. The findings that TPV's dimerization inhibition is compromised with one or two amino acid substitutions may explain at least in part why the genetic barrier of TPV against HIV-1's development of TPV resistance is relatively low compared to that of darunavir.
A Rodent as Big as a Buffalo

The largest living rodent is the South American capybara, a creature the size of a sheep that unlike smaller rodents stands on relatively straight legs. However, as [Alexander][1] explains in his Perspective, a new fossil find in Venezuela ([ Sanchez-Villagra et al .][2]) reveals that the capybara would be dwarfed by Phoberomys , a giant rodent the size of a buffalo that lived during the Miocene Epoch. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/301/5640/1678 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/301/5640/1708
Assessment of antral grinding of a model solid meal with echo-planar imaging.

Mathematical modeling of how physical factors alter gastric emptying is limited by lack of precise measures of the forces exerted on gastric contents. We have produced agar gel beads (diameter 1.27 cm) with a range of fracture strengths (0.15-0.90 N) and assessed their breakdown by measuring their half-residence time (RT(1/2)) using magnetic resonance imaging. Beads were ingested either with a high (HV)- or low (LV)-viscosity liquid nutrient meal. With the LV meal, RT(1/2) was similar for bead strengths ranging from 0.15 to 0.65 N but increased from 22 +/- 2 min (bead strength <0.65 N) to 65 +/- 12 min for bead strengths >0.65 N. With the HV meal, emptying of the harder beads was accelerated. The sense of fullness after ingesting the LV meal correlated linearly (correlation coefficient = 0.99) with gastric volume and was independently increased by the harder beads, which were associated with an increased antral diameter. We conclude that the maximum force exerted by the gastric antrum is close to 0.65 N and that gastric sieving is impaired by HV meals.
Surgical treatment of anterolateral rotatory instability

Anterolateral rotatory instability in 31 acutely injured knees and 31 chronically unstable knees was surgically stabilized with a previously unreported method of ilioti bial band tenodesis. The anterior cruciate ligament was stretched, torn, or absent in all 62 knees. Thirty-one patients, 20 with acute injury and 11 with chronic instability, were reviewed at a minimum of 2 years. A meniscal tear was present in 80% of the acute and in 91 % of the chronic injuries. The anterior cruciate ligament was repaired, in addition to the iliotibial band tenodesis in 16 of the 20 acute injuries; there was no difference in the overall results between those repaired and not repaired. The evaluation of the patients was based on four subjective criteria (including functional parameters) and five objective criteria. Niney-three percent of the patients had returned to competitive or recreational athletic activities involving cutting or pivoting movements. Both subjective and objective results were excellent or good in 93.6% of the patients. These results, based on our evaluation, warrant contin ued use of this procedure, according to the prescribed indications and technique.