Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF DISSOCIATED PHORIA TEST FINDINGS WITH VON GRAEFE PHOROMETRY & MODIFIED THORINGTON TESTING

The von Graefe test has been the standard dissociated phoria test for many years. The tangent scale dissociated phoria test commonly known as the modified Thorington test is gaining in popularity. This study compared distance and near phorias obtained with the von Graefe and modified Thorington procedures in 68 young adult subjects (mean age = 24.5 years). This study also compared the +/-1.00 gradient and calculated AC/A ratios obtained using von Graefe phorometry vs. modified Thorington testing. Distance phorias averaged very close to zero on both tests (0.1 Δ eso on the modified Thorington and 0.2 Δ exo on the von Graefe). Near phorias averaged 2. 1Δ exo on the modified Thorington test and 3. 7Δ exo on the von Graefe test. The von Graefe test showed more variability on both distance and near phorias and on AC/A ratios. The von Graefe test showed more relatively high phorias and more relatively high and low AC/A ratios than the modified Thorington test.
Stage‐independent expression and genetic analysis of tp73 in neuroblastoma

The tp73 gene, a tp53 homologue, has been sub‐regionally mapped at 1p36.3, a chromosomal region frequently deleted in neuroblastoma. Due to its chromosomal localization and to the mono‐allelic expression observed in some neuroblastoma cell lines, it was proposed that tp73 might be involved in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. Functional assays have demonstrated that tp73 can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. The role of this gene in tumorigenesis, however, is still unclear. We analyzed tp73 expression in 95 sporadic neuroblastoma samples by RT‐PCR and we detected the tp73 transcript in 46 cases (48.4%), without significant correlation with age, clinical stage or 3‐year overall survival. A genetic polymorphism in the 2nd exon of tp73 was utilized to identify the transcribed allele in tumor‐cell samples. Expression from only one of the tp73 alleles was found in 13 out of 16 heterozygous tumors, while in 3 samples both alleles were present. Genotype analysis of 73 patients and 150 controls showed a significant deviation (p = 0.0308) from the Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium for a tp73 allele only among neuroblastoma patients. The absence of correlation between tp73 expression and clinical stage, age and survival suggests that this gene does not play an essential function in the clinical course of the disease. However, the distribution of genomic tp73 alleles in patients indicates that a role of this gene in the development of neuroblastoma cannot be completely ruled out. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:365–369, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutrosophic Cubic Subalgebras and Neutrosophic Cubic Closed Ideals of B-algebras

The objective of this paper is to introduced the concept of neutrosophic cubic set to subalgebras, ideals and closed ideals of B-algebra. Links among neutrosophic cubic subalgebra with neutrosophic cubic ideals and neutrosophic closed ideals of B-algebras as well as some related properties will be investigated.
A cache of hippopotamus ivory at Gao, Mali; and a hypothesis of its use

The hippopotamus is a large beast with large teeth—large enough for hippopotamus ivory, then and now, to be a useful alternative to elephant ivory (there are both kinds in the Aegean Bronze Age, as well as the little tusks of wild boar). A newly found cache of hippopotamus ivory at Gao, medieval city of the south Saharan edge, opens a wider place for the material in contact across the great north African desert.
Range Elongation of Distributed Discrimination of Strain and Temperature in Brillouin Optical Correlation-Domain Analysis Based on Dual Frequency Modulations

A scheme of dual frequency modulations are proposed for one-laser Brillouin optical correlation-domain distributed discrimination of strain and temperature. A lower frequency modulation is additionally applied to the laser source, which is originally modulated by a higher one for distributed generation and detection of Brillouin dynamic grating. This scheme can suppress the unwanted correlation peaks due to the higher frequency modulation so as to elongate the measurement range with keeping the high spatial resolution. In this experiment, the measurement range is increased from ~ 5 to 34 m with the spatial resolution maintained to be 10 cm.
Vessel enhancement filtering in three‐dimensional MR angiography

For a variety of reasons, small vessels have low signal intensity in magnetic resonance angiography. When the vessel signal Intensity is lower than the signal intensity of background tissues, these vessels tend not to be visible on maximum‐intensity‐projection images. The authors developed a nonlinear second‐difference spatial filtering technique that enhances the details of small vessels while suppressing both noise and uniform background tissue. Two similar nonlinear second‐difference filters are presented and compared with the linear Laplacian second‐difference filter. To evaluate the performance of these filters, they were applied to intracranial three‐dimensional time‐of‐night MR angiographic data and the results compared with the vessel enhancement obtained with a simple second‐difference Laplacian filter and with magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) techniques. The comparisons demonstrated that nonlinear filtering and MTC techniques result in similar improvement in small‐vessel visibility and apparent continuity. A quantitative comparison demonstrated that the improvement in the contrast‐to‐noise ratio is much greater with the nonlinear filters than the Laplacian filter.
ABC of Atrial Fibrillation: HISTORY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND IMPORTANCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Atrial fibrillation is the commonest sustained disorder of cardiac rhythm. When it is present many prognostic and therapeutic implications exist as overall morbidity and mortality increase appreciably. Despite this, atrial fibrillation is sometimes regarded as a fairly trivial and unimportant disorder and is often neglected, probably because many patients have few symptoms. In fact, some patients with chronic atrial fibrillation may require long term treatment with potent antiarrhythmic and anticoagulant drugs, which may have important pharmacological interactions and adverse effects. In addition, treatment differs importantly for chronic and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and the other supraventricular arrhythmias. “When the pulse is irregular and tremulous and the beats occur at intervals, then the impulse of life fades; when the pulse is slender (smaller than feeble, but still perceptible, thin like a silk thread), then the impulse of life is small. ” Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wen Atrial fibrillation is encountered in many clinical settings. It may, for example, be discovered incidentally in an asymptomatic patient, develop in a patient who merely has a chest infection, or be found in a patient with a ventricular rate of 200 beats/min who is too lightheaded to stand up. Patients admitted with atrial fibrillation may have many cardiorespiratory symptoms and clinical features, including syncope and stroke. Presenting symptoms in emergency admissions with atrial fibrillation Dyspnoea--52% Chest pain--34% Palpitation--26% Dizziness or syncope--19% Perhaps the earliest description of atrial fibrillation is in The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wen). The legendary emperor physician is believed to have ruled China between 1696 and 2598 BC. The poor prognosis associated with chaotic irregularity of the pulse was clearly acknowledged by most of the ancient physicians, but in recorded history, William Harvey in 1628 was probably the first to …
Broadcasting Football Rights in Brazil: The Case of Globo and “Club of 13” in the Antitrust Perspective

In 2010, the Brazilian Antitrust Authority -CADE- concluded an agreeement with Globo and the "Club of 13" on a three-year deal for the exclusive broadcasting rights to all Brazilian Football League (BFL) games spanning the five principal media platforms: free-to-air TV, pay TV, Pay per View, Internet and Mobile. The deal eliminates competition in broadcasting of Brazilian League games (primarily other networks, including Record, SBT, ESPN, etc.), reducing "competition in the market. " However, it is plausible to assume that exclusivity can bring efficiencies to the market by ensuring a return on investments. In addition, the sale of broadcasting rights accounts for nearly 40% of the revenues of Brazilian clubs. Banning exclusivity will likely reduce revenues and dampen sector efficiency. However, the contract included a preference clause for Globo that adversely affected "competition for the market. " Globo abandoned the preference clause under the agreement. Another important provision of the agreement was the requirement that the Club of 13 auction the five media platforms separately. This article examines the economic rationale of the agreement and provides a brief analysis of the main lessons arising from the fragmentation of negotiations in 2011.
Women, Gender, and Church History

As befits an article encouraging reflection, I would like to start with a personal anecdote. I recently heard a paper by a prominent literary scholar, which I thought would be an analysis of his encounter with a text. (I am familiar enough with current literary analysis to know that it would certainly not be an analysis of a text.) It turned out instead to be purely autobiographical. In talking about this later with a friend of mine from the Italian department, he told me that this was a new trend. As he put it: “We used to do Dante's life and works, then with New Criticism we did ‘the work,’ then with New Historicism we did Dante's works in their historical location, then with post-structuralism we did Dante and me, and now we just do me. ’
Global Risk Profile Verification in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism (GRIP VTE) in 5 Gulf Countries

Background: The Global Risk Profile Verification in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism was the first prospective multicenter registry conducted in Arabian Gulf countries to explore the epidemiology of venous thromboembolic (VTE) disorders and to provide data on diagnosis and disease management. Methods: Data on 242 patients with confirmed VTE were submitted between September 2003 and November 2003 from 28 contributing hospitals in the Arabian Gulf region. Differences between groups were assessed by the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables. The Student's t test was used for testing proportions. Results: The frequency of VTE cases is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 187 (77.27%); pulmonary embolism (PE), 35 (14.46%); and DVT with PE, 20 (8.26%). The most common symptoms of DVT and DVT/PE patients were calf pain (72%), calf swelling (63.8%), and localized tenderness (52.2%). The most common symptoms in patients with PE alone and DVT/PE were dyspnea (83.6%), thoracic pain (69.1%), and cough (40%). Risk factors for VTE were immobilization (41.3%), age >65 years (28.9%), a history of VTE (20.7%), and trauma (19%). Among surgical interventions, orthopedic procedures induced the greatest number of VTE cases, followed by general surgery and gynecological procedures. Low-molecular-weight heparins were chosen to treat 33.7% of DVT cases, whereas unfractionated heparin was used in 21.9% of cases. Conclusion: VTE remains a common problem in medical and surgical patients in the Arabian Gulf states. Recognition of the common risk factors is of extreme importance to implement the appropriate prophylactic strategy according to the published guidelines.
Corticosteroid-induced leukocytosis in pregnancy: A prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND In the course of managing preterm labour, increasing trends of total white cell count raises concern for the obstetrician, suggesting a possible underlying infectious aetiology. Although mild leukocytosis is expected in pregnancy, the patterns of increment after corticosteroid administration are not well described beyond animal models and in a small number of human studies. METHODS Seventy-three consecutive patients who required antenatal corticosteroids for either preterm labour or prelabour caesarean section were recruited and given a standard course of 12mg dexamethasone phosphate, twelve hours apart. Venous blood samples were taken before administration, at six hours and 36 hours after the first dose of dexamethasone. RESULTS The total white count trend was 10.31±2.62 at baseline, 11.44±3.05 at six hours and 12.20±3.49 at 36 hours. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was 3.60±1.31, 8.73±3.63 and 3.24±1.49 respectively, reflecting relative neutrophilia and lymphopenia which normalised by 36 hours. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies, we found only a slight increment in total white cell count of about 10%. The marginal changes described in our study would not normally raise any clinical concern, although vigilance should be exercised if higher levels were observed.
Effect of Light Quality on Elongation, Adventitious Root Production and the Relation of Cell Number and Cell Size to Bean Seedling Elongation.

At low energy levels the red region of the visible spectrum has been reported to be most effective in inhibiting plant elongation (4, 5, 6, 11). In our previous studies (6) , we also found that plants exposed to far-red were similar to the blue treated plants which had the greatest elongation. The possibility of reversal effects of blue/red similar to the red/far-red reversal (2) has been discussed by Bertsch (1) in relation to growth of etiolated pea stem segments and has been demonstrated by Wareing (15) in lettuce seed germination. One objective of the present study was to investigate further the possibility of blue/red reversal of elongation in Dutch brown beans. In a study oln the effect of light quality on plant growth Fletcher and Zalik (6) found a direct relationship between IAA content after 1 light cycle (8 hr light, 16 hr darkness) and plant height after 7 cycles. Of the light-grown plants the red had the shortest hypocotyl, epicotyl and petiole but the most leaf area. On the other hand the dark-grown plants had the longest hypocotyl and epicotyl with practically nio leaf growth. Consequently, the histological study reported here was intended to delineate anatomically the regions of growth and development. Additionally, the results of a study of the effect of light quality oni developmenit of adveentitious roots is included.
Mining and Analysis of Apps in Google Play

In this paper, we focus on analyzing Google Play, the largest Android app store that provides a wide collection of data on features (ratings, price and number of downloads) and descriptions related to application functionality. The overall objective of this analysis effort is to provide in-depth insight about intrinsic properties of App repositories in general. This allows us to draw a comprehensive picture of current situation of App market in order to help application developers to understand customers’ desire and attitude and the trend in the market. To this end, we suggest an analysis approach which examines the given collection of Apps in two directions. In the first direction, we measure the correlation between app features while in the second direction we construct cluster of similar applications and then examine their characteristics in association with features of interest. The examined dataset are collected from Google Play (in 2012) and Android Market (in 2011). In our analysis results, we identified a strong correlation between price and number of downloads and similarly between price and participation. Moreover, by employing a probabilistic topic modeling technique and K-means clustering method, we find out that the categorization system of Google Play does not respect properly similarity of applications. We also determined that there is a high competition between App providers producing similar applications.
Fiber type composition and maximum shortening velocity of muscles crossing the human shoulder

A study of the fiber type composition of fourteen muscles spanning the human glenohumeral joint was carried out with the purpose of determining the contribution of fiber types to overall muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) and to estimate the maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) of those muscles. Muscle biopsies were procured from 4 male cadavers (mean age 50) within 24 hr of death, snap frozen, mounted, and transversely sectioned (10 μm). Slides were stained for myofibrillar ATPase after alkaline preincubation. Photoimages were taken of defined areas (100 fibers) using the Bioquant system, and fiber type and CSA were measured from these images. Staining for mATPase produced three different fiber types: slow‐oxidative (SO), fast‐oxidative‐glycolytic (FOG), and fast‐glycolytic (FG). On average, the muscle fiber type composition ranged from 22 to 40% of FG, from 17 to 51% of FOG, and from 23 to 56% of SO. Twelve out of the 14 muscles had average SO proportions ranging from 35 to 50%. Vmax was calculated from the fiber type contribution relative to CSA and shortening velocity values taken from the literature. The maximum velocities of shortening presented here provide a physiological basis for the development of human shoulder musculoskeletal models suitable for predicting muscle forces for functionally relevant tasks encompassing conditions of muscle shortening and lengthening. Clin. Anat. 20:144–149, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous removal of sperm plasma membrane and acrosome before intracytoplasmic sperm injection improves oocyte activation/embryonic development

Direct injection of a single spermatozoon into an oocyte (ICSI) can produce apparently normal offspring. Although the production of normal offspring by ICSI has been successful in mice and humans, it has been less successful in many other species. The reason for this is not clear, but could be, in part, due to inconsistent activation of oocytes because of delayed disintegration of sperm plasma membrane within oocytes and incorporation of the acrosome containing a spectrum of hydrolyzing enzymes. In the mouse, the removal of sperm plasma membrane and acrosome was not a prerequisite to produce offspring by ICSI, but it resulted in earlier onset of oocyte activation and better embryonic development. The best result was obtained when spermatozoa were demembranated individually immediately before ICSI by using lysolecithin, a hydrolysis product of membrane phospholipids.
Chilling - effect of humidity on reduction of Campylobacter on pork

Chilling reduces the number of Campylobacter on pork meat. The humidity during chill- ing is expected to have an influence on the reduction of Campylobacter. In this study, bellies taken from carcasses before chilling have been inoculated either with a mixture of C. jejuni iso- lates or C.coli isolates and chilled with blast chilling or conventional chilling combined with two levels of relative humidity, >90 % RH and approx. 70% RH. In blast chilling, the surface is frozen in the first phase of the chilling, and in conventional chilling the surface does not freeze. The major reduction in the numbers of Campylobacter was found when the bellies were blast chilled. Low humidity and resulting drying of the surface had no effect on the reduction of Campylobacter. Introduction Blast chilling has been shown to reduce the number of pathogens on pork carcass- es (Bracewell et al, 1985; Chang et al, 2003; Dalsgaard et al, 1999). Especially with regard to Campylobacter, it has been suggested that the reduction during chilling is due to sensitiveness to drying (Bracewell et al, 1985; Oosterom et al, 1983). The purpose of the present study was to quantify the effect of freezing and drying on the reduction of Campylobacter during blast chilling and conventional chilling. Materials and Methods Bellies were obtained from carcasses at a nearby slaughterhouse before chilling of the carcasses and were kept in insulated boxes until inoculation and chilling. The bellies were inoculated with either a mixture of 3 C. coli isolates or a mixture of 2 C. jeju- ni isolates. All isolates, except one C. jejuni isolate from a human case, have been isolated from pork carcasses during previous studies. The total number of Campylobacter after inoculation was approx. 10 3 cfu/cm 2 . Chilling was conducted in 20-ft containers, rebuilt to make a simulation of commercial chilling processes possible. To simulate blast chilling, the bellies were chilled for 50-60 min. (depending on the average weight of the bellies) at -18°C with an air speed of 3 m/sec. and then left to equalize 21 hours at 5°C with an air speed of 0.5 m/sec. To simulate conventional chilling, the bel- lies were chilled for 22 hours at 5°C with an air speed of 3 m/sec. Both chilling methods were conducted at a Relative Humidity (RH) of 90-100 % and a RH of 65-75 %. All combinations of chilling methods and RH were conducted twice with 10 bellies at a time, 5 inoculated with C. coli and 5 inoculated with C. jejuni. From each belly, 2 samples were taken from the rind side, and 2 samples were taken from the meat side before and after chilling. Samples were taken by excising 50 cm 2 . Numbers of
Mortality of patients with pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially fatal disorder with highly varying mortality rates. To provide information that is more precise for prospective intervention studies, we analysed the data of our patients with PE, defining clinically relevant subgroups with respect to their individual mortality rates. METHODS We studied 283 consecutive patients with confirmed PE diagnosis, with respect to demographic data, risk factors for thromboembolic disease and clinical signs. In addition, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions such as blood gas analysis (BGA), lactate and D-dimer determination, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, spiral computer tomography (Spiral CT), ventilation/perfusion lung scintigraphy (V/Q-Scan), thrombolytic therapy, mechanical ventilation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), were accounted for. Study endpoint was mortality rates on day three. RESULTS Overall, mortality rate was 15% (42 of 283). Mortality rates differed considerably; 95% of patients with cardiac arrest on arrival (21 of 22), 85% of patients with cardiac arrest--not in hospital (28 of 33), 80% of patients receiving mechanical ventilation (40 of 50), 77% of patients needing cardiopulmonary resuscitation within the first 24 hours (37 of 48), 37% of patients with syncope (18 of 49), 30% of patients receiving thrombolytic treatment (25 of 87), 26% of patients on whom lactate measurement was performed (36 of 139), 18% of patients on whom blood gas analysis was done (35 of 197), 17% of patients on whom echocardiography was performed (34 of 195), 8% of patients with twelve complete lead ECG recordings (21 of 262) and D-Dimer determination (12 of 148), 2% of patients tested on Spiral CT (5 of 226) and 1% where a V/Q-Scan was performed (1 of 74). CONCLUSION Patients with PE who received mechanical ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and thrombolytic treatment had very high mortality rates of 80, 77 and 30% respectively. However, patients stable enough for diagnostic procedures as Spiral CTs and V/Q-Scans had mortality rates of 1 to 2%. These facts are to be considered when planning pulmonary embolism intervention trials in which reduction of mortality is a defined endpoint.