Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing knowledge, behavior, and practice related to universal precautions among hospital nurses in China.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of an educational training program for hospital nurses on universal precautions in Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. METHOD Using a quasi-experimental design, 50 of 100 randomly selected hospital nurses were randomly assigned to receive an educational intervention. Questionnaires were administered to the 100 nurses prior to and 4 months after the training. FINDINGS Knowledge, practice, and behaviors related to universal precautions and the prevalence of hepatitis B immunization improved among nurses in the group who received training. No significant change in the frequency of glove use was found. Underreporting of sharps injuries to hospital authorities continued in both groups. CONCLUSION Although educational training significantly improved Chinese nurses' knowledge, practice, and behavior related to universal precautions, there remains room for improvement in glove use and needlestick injury reporting.
Registering randomly oriented scenes through moving object attributes

We present a procedure to register motion imagery scenes captured from different viewpoints and under various orientations. Spatiotemporal (ST) trajectories of moving or changing objects and phenomena comprising a scene provide a series of interrelation attributes which are used to define the scene topology. Spatial proximity, temporal algebra, arbitrary directional measures, and shape complexity descriptors construct an abstract orientation-invariant space where conjugate pairs of trajectories between scenes are matched. This topology-centric matching procedure compensates for varying scale, occlusion, random error, and data uncertainty. Scene registration is performed through least square projective transformation. The procedure is quite precise, since the matched ST trajectories consist of populated sets of points following a common geometry compared with classic single point registration prone to errors or misinterpretation. Thus, while the matching procedure is abstract in nature, registration itself uses rigid geometry to provide accurate scene correspondence. Experimentation is quite encouraging even under extreme orientation, error, and occlusion conditions.
Arbovirus of Marine Mammals: a New Alphavirus Isolated from the Elephant Seal Louse, Lepidophthirus macrorhini

ABSTRACT A novel alphavirus was isolated from the louse Lepidophthirus macrorhini, collected from southern elephant seals,Mirounga leonina, on Macquarie Island, Australia. The virus displayed classic alphavirus ultrastructure and appeared to be serologically different from known Australasian alphaviruses. Nearly all Macquarie Island elephant seals tested had neutralizing antibodies against the virus, but no virus-associated pathology has been identified. Antarctic Division personnel who have worked extensively with elephant seals showed no serological evidence of exposure to the virus. Sequence analysis illustrated that the southern elephant seal (SES) virus segregates with the Semliki Forest group of Australasian alphaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of known alphaviruses suggests that alphaviruses might be grouped according to their enzootic vertebrate host class. The SES virus represents the first arbovirus of marine mammals and illustrates that alphaviruses can inhabit Antarctica and that alphaviruses can be transmitted by lice.
Optimal power allocation for two-cell sum rate maximization under minimum rate constraints

In this paper, we analyze the sum rate maximization problem in a two-cell wireless system under peak power and minimum service rate constraints. The optimal power allocation is found to be binary, in the sense that each base station power will have one out of only two possible discrete levels, and the result can greatly reduce the optimization and power control complexity required. A closed-form solution of the optimal assignment is reported. The new result provides a generalization of the binary power control (BPC) proposed in. It is possible to apply the new result under the two-cell structure when clustering a larger network into groups of two cells. In a comparison with the full power transmission, it is shown that the proposed scheme outperforms in both the outage probability and sum rate performance generally.
The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation.

Skin cancers, predominantly basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas, have accounted for an estimated 40 percent of all cancers in the United States in recent years, and their frequency has been increasing.1,2 The frequency of malignant melanoma, by far the most common fatal skin cancer, has also increased, by a factor of approximately 15 in the past 60 years.3–5 In 1997, more than 40,000 new cases of malignant melanoma were diagnosed in the United States, and more than 7200 patients with the disease died.1 Moreover, malignant melanoma is one of the most common cancers in young adults.6 Efforts to educate .
The expanding world of small RNAs in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus

Archaeal L7Ae is a multifunctional protein that binds to a distinctive K‐turn motif in RNA and is found as a component in the large subunit of the ribosome, and in ribose methylation and pseudouridylation guide RNP particles. A collection of L7Ae‐associated small RNAs were isolated from Sulfolobus solfataricus cell extracts and used to construct a cDNA library; 45 distinct cDNA sequences were characterized and divided into six groups. Group 1 contained six RNAs that exhibited the features characteristic of the canonical C/D box archaeal sRNAs, two RNAs that were atypical C/D box sRNAs and one RNA representative of archaeal H/ACA sRNA family. Group 2 contained 13 sense strand RNA sequences that were encoded either within, or overlapping annotated open reading frames (ORFs). Group 3 contained three sequences form intergenic regions. Group 4 contained antisense sequences from within or overlapping sense strand ORFs or antisense sequences to C/D box sRNAs. More than two‐thirds of these sequences possessed K‐turn motifs. Group 5 contained two sequences corresponding to internal regions of 7S RNA. Group 6 consisted of 11 sequences that were fragments from the 5′ or 3′ ends of 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA and from seven different tRNAs. Our data suggest that S. solfataricus contains a plethora of small RNAs. Most of these are bound directly by the L7Ae protein; the others may well be part of larger, transiently stable RNP complexes that contain the L7Ae protein as core component.
How neutrophils promote metastasis

Neutrophils may be cellular targets for cancer therapy Metastatic disease is the main cause of death in cancer patients. Despite its devastating effects, the complex processes that lead to metastasis are poorly understood. During their journey to distant organs, cancer cells encounter various types of normal cells, including immune cells. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in our blood, and they protect us from infections and facilitate wound healing. Intriguingly, neutrophils frequently accumulate in cancer patients. Recent studies have addressed the causal link between neutrophils and cancer in mouse tumor models, and point to a key role of neutrophils in promoting the most deadly aspect of cancer—its dissemination to distant organs (1–4).
ERP selection process in midsize and large organizations

In this paper we detail the results from an empirical study concerning differences in characteristics of the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system selection process between small or medium and large sized organizations. In particular we address the fields of software packages considered and chosen, the weights assigned to different selection criteria, the size and structure of the team responsible for the decision, the methods employed and the effort expended.
Optimization of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging

Systematic studies of the magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles from FeraSpin R and the FeraSpin Series with respect to their suitability as tracers for magnetic particle imaging are presented. Magnetic particle spectroscopy measurements indicate that FeraSpin R exhibits a harmonic spectrum very similar to that of Resovist, whereas FeraSpin L, XL, and XXL show a 2.5-fold increase of harmonic amplitudes compared to FeraSpin R. To understand the differences between the various samples of the FeraSpin Series, representing size-selected, narrowly distributed particles of identical composition extracted from FeraSpin R, measurements of the ac susceptibility (ACS), magnetorelaxometry (MRX), and static M-H curves were performed on suspended and immobilized particle samples. ACS and MRX measurements on immobilized samples indicate a wide distribution of anisotropy energies despite the narrow distribution of hydrodynamic sizes. Static magnetization measurements show that all samples exhibit a bimodal distribution of magnetic moments: The fraction of larger moments corresponds to the contribution from the overall particle core, whereas the smaller is attributed to the contribution from the crystallites comprising the core.
From Descartes to Desipramine: Psychopharmacology and the Self

Despite the remarkably widespread use of the new generation of antidepressants, almost everything we know about their effects comes from animal studies and clinical trials in which the sole parameter of interest is depressive symptomatology. Almost nothing is known about the effects that antidepressants have on cognition, affect, or motivation when used over a period of months or years. Nor do we understand what effects, if any, antidepressants have on what we think of as the self. In this article, we argue that neither psychiatry nor philosophy, in their current state, are well equipped to think about these issues. In order to explore this idea, we consider the neurobiology of romantic love and its relation to antidepressant neurochemistry. This case study, we suggest, supports the view that antidepressants are very likely to have significant effects on personhood as well as the suggestion that we are in need of new ways of thinking about the self and its pathologies.
Psychosurgery: Stereotactic Subcaudate Tractotomy

Background Stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy (SST) is the only type of psychosurgery performed at the Geoffrey Knight Unit, London, where nearly 1300 operations have been done since 1961. Statistically reliable data are not available to prove the effectiveness of SST. A detailed statement about contemporary psychosurgery is given. Method Relevant publications from the Unit and via Medline are discussed. The outcome figures are reviewed. The outcome is assessed at the Unit in global and clinical terms, associated with results of self-completed questionnaires. Results ST allows 40–60% of patients to live normal or near-normal lives, perhaps with continuation of medication. A reduction in suicide rate to 1% postoperatively, from 15% in cases of uncontrolled affective disorders is seen. Conclusion As a treatment of last resort, no controlled trial against a comparable treatment is possible. It appears reasonable to offer SST to patients with suicidal and deluded depression or with frequently swinging moods, not responding to other treatments.
Software reliability growth models: assumptions vs. reality

Software reliability growth models are often differentiated by assumptions regarding testing and defect repair. In this paper, these model assumptions are compared to Tandem's software development and test environment. The key differences between our environment and the standard model assumptions are that (1) the total number of defects can increase due to new code being introduced during system test, but the models normally assume a constant total number of defects, and (2) the defect-finding efficiency of tests can vary but is assumed constant by the models. In spite of the model assumption violations, we (and other practitioners) continue to use the models because they are easy to apply and because the results seem reasonable. However, we are concerned about the potential inaccuracy of the models and would like to determine the effect of the assumption violations. This paper contains suggestions for research to quantify the model inaccuracy and help practitioners make accuracy vs. model complexity tradeoffs.
Foreign Body Granulomas after All Injectable Dermal Fillers: Part 1. Possible Causes

Summary Genuine granuloma formation following implantation of injectable dermal fillers is a rare complication, with incidences ranging from one in 100 patients (1 percent) to one in 5000 (0.02 percent). Foreign body granulomas occur several months to years after injection at all implantation sites at the same time. Without treatment, they may grow to the size of beans, remain virtually unchanged for some years, and then resolve spontaneously. Three clinical and histologic types of foreign body granulomas can be distinguished:Cystic granulomas (synonyms: inflammatory, palisading, collagenolytic): these are caused mainly by injected biological gels such as collagens and hyaluronic acids. Their clinical signs are fluctuation (sterile abscess), extreme redness, and induration. Cystic granulomas are small and superficial, occur within the first year, and disappear spontaneously within another year. They are surrounded by a significant number of giant cells.Edematous granulomas (synonym: lipogranuloma): these are caused by artificial fluids such as silicone and polyacrylamides. They appear suddenly years after injection with extensive swelling and are surrounded and infiltrated by mononuclear and inflammatory cells.Sclerosing granulomas (synonyms: sarcoidal and xanthelasmic): these are caused by particulate injectables composed of polymethylmethacrylate, polylactic acid, poly-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, calcium-hydroxylapatite, or dextran microspheres. Sclerosing granulomas occur generally 6 months to 3 years after implantation and are visible, often bluish confined nodules. Histologically, the implant is infiltrated by many macrophages and giant cells, fibroblasts, and collagen fibers but few inflammatory cells. Permanent implants are not characterized by a higher rate of foreign body granuloma per se than temporary implants; however, their clinical appearance is more pronounced and their persistence longer if not treated adequately.
Immune Aspects of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Correlations with Celiac Disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are serious health problems and are connected with increased risk of colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma (CAC). It is the most common cause of death in the patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In this short review, we intend to summarise some aspects of the immunological signalling networks that may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAC patients with the perspectives of treatment of the disease. We also focused on the correlation between celiac disease and IBD.
Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity

Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) are globally common, sometimes intercurrent, diseases of poultry. The risk of NE, due to the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens, has increased in recent years because of the voluntary or legally required withdrawal of the use of certain in-feed antibiotic growth promoters with anticlostridial activity. In-feed ionophorous anticoccidial drugs incidentally also possess anticlostridial activity. Such ionophores, although not banned, are usually precluded when live anticoccidial vaccines are used, potentially increasing yet further the risk of NE. This review provides information for the design of rational, integrated management strategies for the prevention and control of coccidiosis and NE in chickens by maintaining gut integrity. Because of differences in local availability of feed ingredients and national legislations regarding antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial vaccine licensing, no universal strategy is applicable. The diseases and their interactions are described under the headings of forms of disease, diagnosis, sources of infection, pathophysiological effects, predisposing factors, and control methods. Elements of gut integrity, which influences host predisposition and clinical responses to disease, include physical development, immune competence, gut enzyme activity, mucin production, gut flora and epithelial damage. Experimental studies of coccidiosis and NE are compared, and where possible reconciled, with field observations. Gaps in knowledge and necessary further experiments are identified. Insights are provided regarding interactions between coccidiosis, NE, and the use of live anticoccidial vaccines. Recent changes in NE prevalence in commercial flocks, and their possible causes, are discussed. The necessarily wide range of topics reviewed emphasizes the enormous complexity of this disease combination, and indicates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in order to reduce its harmful impact on the world's poultry industry.
Evaluation of a nanometer roughness scale resorbable media-processed surface: a study in dogs.

OBJECTIVES This study compared the biomechanical fixation and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of implants with different surfaces treatment (experimental - resorbable blasting media-processed nanometer roughness scale surface, and control - dual acid-etched) in a dog model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Surface characterization was made in six implants by means of scanning electron microscopic imaging, atomic force microscopy to evaluate roughness parameters, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for chemical assessment. The animal model comprised the bilateral placement of control (n=24) and experimental surface (n=24) implants along the proximal tibiae of six mongrel dogs, which remained in place for 2 or 4 weeks. Half of the specimens were biomechanically tested (torque), and the other half was subjected to histomorphologic/morphometric evaluation. BIC and resistance to failure measures were each evaluated as a function of time and surface treatment in a mixed model ANOVA. RESULTS Surface texturing was significantly higher for the experimental compared with the control surface. The survey XPS spectra detected O, C, Al, and Ti at the control group, and Ca (∼0.2- 0.9%) and P (∼1.7- 4.1%) besides O, C, Al, and Ti at experimental surfaces. While no statistical difference in BIC was found between experimental and control surfaces or between 2 and 4 weeks in vivo, both longer time and use of experimental surface significantly increased resistance to failure. CONCLUSIONS The experimental surface resulted in enhanced biomechanical fixation but comparable BIC relative to control, suggesting higher bone mechanical properties around the experimental implants.
Copper induces apoptosis in BA/F3beta cells: Bax, reactive oxygen species, and NFkappaB are involved.

Copper, an essential trace element, can be toxic to some cells when present in excess. But thorough investigations into the cytotoxicity of copper and subsequent molecular mechanisms are rare, although the cytotoxicity of copper has been applied to cancer chemotherapy. The present study demonstrates that Cu(2+) inhibits [(3)H] thymidine incorporation in mouse pro-B cell line BA/F3beta and induces apoptosis. Apoptosis was mainly judged by morphology of cells, quantification of subdiploid DNA contents by flow cytometry, and detection of DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis. The apoptotic effect is dose and time dependent. Western blotting shows Bax is upregulated by Cu(2+). Bcl-2 overexpression can partially inhibit this apoptosis. Moreover, Cu(2+) increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) not only significantly inhibited copper-induced apoptosis but also totally blocked generation of ROS, while Bcl-2 overexpression has no effect on the generation of ROS. Furthermore, our results show that NFkappaB is downregulated by Cu(2+). Bcl-2 overexpression or NAC can sustain the activity of NFkappaB. These data indicate that Cu(2+) might induce apoptosis in BA/F3beta cells via upregulation of Bax and ROS and subsequent inactivation of NFkappaB.
Effects of Bandwidth Feedback on Delayed Retention of a Movement Timing Task

The effectiveness of broad and narrow bandwidth feedback for learning a 2-segment timing task was tested over short-term (10-min.) and longer-term (2-day) retention intervals. The main finding was that bandwidth feedback groups deteriorated in accuracy across the retention tests, raising questions about the effectiveness of bandwidth feedback for longer-term learning.
Reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes with nutrition and physical activity – efficacy and implementation of lifestyle interventions in Finland

Abstract Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing in Finland, in parallel with a gradual increase in overweight and obesity during the past decades. The expanding prevalence of type 2 diabetes brings along complications, most importantly CVD. Therefore, it is extremely important to implement activities to prevent type 2 diabetes. Objective In the present paper, the clinical evidence for the prevention of type 2 diabetes is presented with the Finnish diabetes prevention study. In addition, the paper discusses the practical implementation of prevention of type 2 diabetes using three different types of prevention programmes as examples: FIN-D2D, including risk-screening and repeated consultation in primary health-care; FINNAIR, a workplace-targeted intervention project involving airline employees; and the good ageing in Lahti region (GOAL) programme, a community-based prevention programme. Conclusions FIN-D2D, the FINNAIR project and the GOAL programme have shown that screening for type 2 diabetes risk and implementing large-scale lifestyle intervention in primary health-care are feasible. However, the crucial questions still are whether it is possible to replicate the results concerning effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in primary and occupational health-care systems. Furthermore, it remains to be shown whether it is possible to achieve the same results in different health-care settings, cultures, regions and age groups, especially in adolescents and young adults among whom the increase in the incidence has been the highest. In addition, the importance of co-operation among all sections of society, citizens’ awareness of healthy lifestyles and the social inequalities in health must be emphasised because the diabetes epidemic cannot be solved only by concentrating on preventive actions carried out by health-care systems.
Effect of Deafferentation on a Conditioned Avoidance Response

To determine whether peripheral afferent pathways could be bypassed in the performance of purposive movement, a group of monkeys was trained to avoid shock by flexing a forelimb in response to an auditory stimulus. The dorsal roots of the responding limb were then sectioned. Postoperatively it was found that the affected limb could be reconditioned.