Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reactivity at different levels of cognitive analysis: products versus operations.

C reactivity refers to the extent to which a (mild) negative or sad mood reactivates or triggers negative cognitive factors as observed in clinical depression.1 In this issue, Figueroa and colleagues2 report that cognitive reactivity, as measured by the Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity (LEIDS), is a long-term predictor of depressive relapse. The authors highlight that 1 important avenue for future research is to examine whether psychological interventions can improve (ie, decrease or reduce) cognitive reactivity scores. I would like to bring to the authors’ and readers’ attention a recent study by Van der Gucht and colleagues,3 which examined that very question while providing preliminary evidence that psychological treatment can indeed reduce cognitive reactivity. In a study that offered a mindfulnessbased intervention to low-income urban adults, cognitive reactivity was measured 4 times using the LEIDS: twice before the intervention (double baseline with 8-week waiting-list period in-between), immediately after the 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (postintervention), and 3 months after treatment completion (follow-up). Cognitive reactivity scores significantly improved from pretreatment to follow-up with a medium effect size (d = 0.69). Importantly, no change in cognitive reactivity scores was observed during the waiting-list interval. That mindfulness-based interventions help reduce cognitive reactivity levels makes sense, as their central aim is to tackle cognitive reactivity by helping people to recognize mood-dependent reactive tendencies and to switch to a nonreactive mode of mind.4 An earlier study by Kuyken and colleagues5 found that mindfulness-based intervention completers showed higher levels of cognitive reactivity than controls, but here, cognitive reactivity was solely assessed postintervention. Also, and most interestingly, the authors used a moodinduction procedure with assessment of pre–post change in dysfunctional cognitions and not the LEIDS to examine cognitive reactivity.5 Figueroa et al2 rightly argue in this issue that a mood-induction procedure might not be a very stable method to assess cognitive reactivity, which would then explain the opposite results as reported by Van der Gucht and
Model clone detection based on tree comparison

Model driven development has become a key industry practice. With higher levels of abstraction and advent of domain specific languages, models find their presence in every field. Latest software engineering practices lead to large models which are really hard to design and manage. Significant overlaps in large models are really a matter of concern. Anecdotal evidences suggest that clones in models poses similar threats as in code. The paper introduces an approach to detect clones in UML models. The technique is based on finding similarities between two object oriented diagrams. Firstly, UML models are encoded as XMI files. Subtree comparison is applied after the XMI file is filtered and represented as a tree. Similarity between two diagram elements in a model is determined and reported as a clone.
Regular endurance exercise induces expansive arterial remodelling in the trained limbs of healthy men

1 In experimental animals chronic elevations in arterial blood flow increase the lumen diameter and reduce the intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the arterial segment involved. We determined whether intermittent elevations in active muscle blood flow associated with regular aerobic leg exercise induced such expansive arterial remodelling in the common femoral artery of humans. 2 In the cross‐sectional study 53 sedentary (47 ± 2 years) and 55 endurance exercise‐trained (47 ± 2 years) men were studied. Common femoral artery lumen diameter (B‐mode ultrasound) was 7 % greater (9.62 ± 0.12 vs. 9.03 ± 0.13 mm), and femoral IMT (0.46 ± 0.02 vs. 0.55 ± 0.02 mm) and IMT/lumen ratio were 16‐21 % smaller in the endurance‐trained men (all P < 0.001). Basal femoral artery blood flow (duplex ultrasound) was not different, shear stress tended to be lower (P = 0.08), and mean femoral tangential wall stress was 30 % higher in the endurance‐trained men (P < 0.001). 3 In the intervention study 22 men (51 ± 2 years) were studied before and after 3 months of regular aerobic leg exercise (primarily walking). After training, the femoral diameter increased by 9 % (8.82 ± 0.18 vs. 9.60 ± 0.20 mm), and IMT (0.65 ± 0.05 vs. 0.56 ± 0.05 mm) and the IMT/lumen ratio were ≈15‐20 % smaller (all P < 0.001). Basal femoral blood flow and shear stress were not different after training, whereas the mean femoral tangential wall stress increased by 31 %. The changes in arterial structure were not related to changes in risk factors for atherosclerosis. 4 Our results are consistent with the concept that regular aerobic leg exercise induces expansive arterial remodelling in the femoral artery of healthy men. This adaptive process is produced by even a moderate training stimulus, is not obviously dependent on corresponding improvements in risk factors for atherosclerosis, and is robust, occurring in healthy men of different ages.
Changes in GABAA receptors in status epilepticus

GABA (γ -aminobutyric acid) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. Its fast inhibitory actions are mediated by GABAA receptors representing ligand-operated chloride channels. GABAA receptors consist of 5 subunits generally belonging to different subunit classes (Macdonald and Olsen, 1994). Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding GABAA receptors in humans identified 8 different subunit classes with at least 20 different subunits (six α, four β, three γ, one δ, one e, one π, one θ, three ρ; Barnard et al., 1998). Each of these subunits exhibits a specific regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution in the brain (Wisden et al., 1992; Fritschy and Mohler, 1995; Sperk et al., 1997) that is partially overlapping with that of other subunits, indicating formation of a large number of different GABAA receptor subtypes with distinct subunit composition (For review, see Sieghart and Sperk, 2002). GABAA receptors are the site of action of several antiepileptic drugs (Olsen and Avoli, 1997), and depending on their subunit composition, exhibit distinct pharmacological and electrophysiological properties (Sieghart and Sperk, 2002). Most GABAA receptors consist of two α-, two β-, and one γ - (mostly γ 2) or one δ-subunit. Actions of GABA are primarily mediated by a β-subunits within the receptor, those of benzodiazepines by an α-subunit, involving however also interactions with the other subunits (β and γ 2). Reduced GABA-ergic function resulting from reduced GABA synthesis (Freichel et al., 2006), reduced reuptake (Chiu et al., 2005), mutations of GABAA receptor subunits (e.g., subunits α1, β3, or γ 2; DeLorey et al., 1998; Baulac et al., 2001; Cossette et al., 2002), or altered function of chloride transporters building the chloride ion gradient (Haug et al., 2003) cause epilepsies in humans and experimental animals. On the other hand, it has been suggested that status epilepticus or subsequent epileptogenesis may induce altered expression of individual GABAA receptor subunits and modified assembly of GABAA receptors. Hypthetically, this could result in altered GABA ergic transmission possibly contributing to increased seizure susceptibility or reduced sensitivity of drugs acting by enhancing GABAergic transmission.
Dual-specificity phosphatase 1-null mice exhibit spontaneous osteolytic disease and enhanced inflammatory osteolysis in experimental arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Bone formation and destruction are usually tightly linked; however, in disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal disease, and osteoporosis, elevated osteoclast activity leads to bone destruction. Osteoclast formation and activation are controlled by many signaling pathways, including p38 MAPK. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP-1) is a factor involved in the negative regulation of p38 MAPK. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Dusp1 deficiency on bone destruction. METHODS Penetrance, onset, and severity of collagen-induced arthritis were recorded in DUSP-1+/+ and DUSP-1-/- mice. Bone destruction was assessed by histologic and micro-computed tomographic examination of the joints. The in vitro formation and activation of osteoclasts from DUSP-1+/+ and DUSP-1-/- precursors were assessed in the absence or presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). RESULTS The formation and activation of osteoclasts in vitro in the presence of TNF were enhanced by Dusp1 gene disruption. DUSP-1-/- mice exhibited higher penetrance, earlier onset, and increased severity of experimental arthritis, accompanied by greater numbers of osteoclasts in inflamed joints and more extensive loss of bone. A DUSP-1-/- mouse colony of mixed genetic background also demonstrated striking spontaneous osteolytic destruction of distal phalanges. CONCLUSION DUSP-1 is a critical regulator of osteoclast activity and limits bone destruction in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. Defects in the expression or activity of DUSP1 in humans may correlate with a propensity to develop osteolytic lesions in arthritis.
Ionic Liquids in Photopolymerizable Holographic Materials

A variety of materials have been used to record hologram, such as silver halide emulsions, hardened dichromated gelatin, ferroelectric crystals, photochromics, photoresist, photodichroics and photopolymerizable materials [1-3]. Photopolymerizable holographic materials due to their low cost and dry processing have attracted great interest in academics and industry. They have broad applications in holographic memories, recording media, LCD displays, helmet-mounted display, optical interconnects, waveguide couples, holographic diffusers, laser eye protection devices, automotive lighting, and security holograms. The photopolymerizable holographic composite contains mainly a matrix binder, a photopolymerizable monomer, an initiator system, a plasticizer and additives [417]. Due to the inter diffusion of the unpolymerized monomers in a holographic film, areas with high and low refractive index are formed during the irradiation with an interference pattern. Many photopolymer systems have been developed including binary photopolymer composites, organic-inorganic nanocomposites, a hybrid organic-inorganic host consisting of porous glass, and a system using monomers capable of cationic ring-opening polymerization. The addition of a plasticizer or an additive can increase the refractive index modulation and the final diffraction efficiency. Monroe et al. reported that tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, glyceryl tributyrate, polyethylene glycol or functional polyethylene glycol etc. as plasticizers may increase the refractive index modulation [18]. Frank recommended photopolymerizable compositions with triglycerides as additives, which provide a stable holographic material with high refractive index modulation [19]. Tucker et al. used trithiocarbonate as additive to increase the diffraction efficiency, uniformity and reproducibility in the formation of electrically switchable holographic gratings [20]. Finally, one publication reports about an additive to improve the sensitivity of photopolymerizable hologram material [21]. Ionic liquids are organic salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures, preferably at room temperature. They are nonvolatile, thermally and chemically stable, highly polar liquids, high ionic conductivity, large electrochemical window and ease of solubilization of a large organic molecules and transition metal complexes [22-25]. Applications of ionic liquids include their use in synthesis, catalysis, separation, electrochemistry, electrolytes, lubrication, biomass processing, drug delivery and others. The cations of ionic liquids are
M-Commerce Market Development Scenarios in Korea: Focus on Changes and Their Mega Trends

absTRacT A growth curve of the mobile commerce (m-commerce) market would be like that of the mobile voice market or broadband Internet service in the past in Korea, and then m-commerce will bring the mobile operators the second revenue. Even though, the subscribers of m-commerce are continues ascent in external appearance, in effect it is have an important problem to though revenue. In this research, after defining the m-commerce market, we will discover trends based on technological, social, and politic changes and the development scenarios of the m-commerce market. We review the technological, social, and policy changes that have occurred in Korea in order to present the mega trends that could affect the m-commerce market most significantly, by finding out the inner and outer arena trends of the m-commerce market. And then, we show four scenarios: (1) gloomy market scenario, (2) dream market scenario, (3) market collapse scenario, and (4) rainbow compromise scenario. We expect that an analysis of the trend that could create an m-commerce market in Korea and a study of the development scenarios will provide some foresight to communication service providers in Korea and overseas countries in order to cope with the future m-commerce market.
WHAT'S WRONG AND WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?

to anyone from BioNew, Hodges makes it clear that she wants "something" in return for staying. She asserts that companies moving into new areas are "cleaning up," and she wants remuneration for not "jumping ship. " When Karloff asks about rumors that she is in negotiations with another town, she dismissively tells him that she will call him next week to arrange a meeting for them to talk about Diamond's five-year plan. While Karloff is relieved to have finally spoken to Hodges, payback time seems to be looming on the horizon. However, how much could he offer to keep an employer in the area? In addition, while he is spending money to keep the old industries, how much would he have to spend in order to attract the newer industries? His political capital would surely rise if a first-rate employer were to relocate to New Frankfurt. On the other hand, it would fall if any of the present companies left. New Frankfurt is not in a position to enter a bidding war with neighboring towns, but Karloff cannot see an alternative. Again, the sound of his secretary's voice interrupts Karloff's thoughts. "Mayor Karloff? I'm sorry to interrupt you again, but I thought that you would want to know about this call. Mr. Goldstein's secretary would like to set up a meeting for next week. "
Influence of near-surface soil moisture on regional scale heat fluxes: model results using microwave remote sensing data from SGP97

During the 1997 Southern Great Plains Hydrology Experiment (SGP97), passive microwave observations using the L-band electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR) were used to extend surface soil moisture retrieval algorithms to coarser resolutions and larger regions with more diverse conditions. This near-surface soil moisture product (W) at 800 m pixel resolution together with land use and fractional vegetation cover (f/sub c/) estimated from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used for computing spatially distributed sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes over the SGP97 domain (an area /spl sim/40/spl times/260 km) using a remote sensing model (called the two-source energy Balance-soil moisture, TSEB/sub SM/, model). With regional maps of W and the heat fluxes, spatial correlations were computed to evaluate the influence of W on H and LE. For the whole SGP97 domain and full range in f/sub c/, correlations (R) between W and LE varied from 0.4 to 0.6 (R/spl sim/0.5 on average), while correlations between W and H varied from -0.3 to -0.7 (R/spl sim/-0.6 on average). The W-LE and W-H correlations were dramatically higher when variability due to f/sub c/ was considered by using NDVI as a surrogate for f/sub c/ and computing R between heat fluxes and corresponding W values under similar fractional vegetation cover conditions. The results showed a steady decline in correlation with increasing NDVI or f/sub c/. Typically, |R|/spl gsim/0.9 for data sorted by NDVI having values /spl lsim/0.5 or f/sub c//spl lsim/0.5, while |R|/spl lsim/0.5 for the data sorted under high canopy cover where NDVI/spl gsim/0.6 or f/sub c//spl gsim/0.7.
A computational model for dynamic analysis of the human gait

Biomechanical models are important tools in the study of human motion. This work proposes a computational model to analyse the dynamics of lower limb motion using a kinematic chain to represent the body segments and rotational joints linked by viscoelastic elements. The model uses anthropometric parameters, ground reaction forces and joint Cardan angles from subjects to analyse lower limb motion during the gait. The model allows evaluating these data in each body plane. Six healthy subjects walked on a treadmill to record the kinematic and kinetic data. In addition, anthropometric parameters were recorded to construct the model. The viscoelastic parameter values were fitted for the model joints (hip, knee and ankle). The proposed model demonstrated that manipulating the viscoelastic parameters between the body segments could fit the amplitudes and frequencies of motion. The data collected in this work have viscoelastic parameter values that follow a normal distribution, indicating that these values are directly related to the gait pattern. To validate the model, we used the values of the joint angles to perform a comparison between the model results and previously published data. The model results show a same pattern and range of values found in the literature for the human gait motion.
Preschool personality antecedents of narcissism in adolescence and young adulthood : A 20-year longitudinal study

This prospective study examined relations between preschool personality attributes and narcissism during adolescence and emerging adulthood. We created five a priori preschool scales anticipated to foretell future narcissism. Independent assessors evaluated the participants’ personality at ages 14, 18, and 23. Based upon these evaluations, we generated observer-based narcissism scales for each of these three ages. All preschool scales predicted subsequent narcissism, except Interpersonal Antagonism at age 23. According to mean scale and item scores analyses, narcissism increased significantly from age 14 to 18, followed by a slight but non-significant decline from age 18 to 23. The discussion focused on a developmental view of narcissism, the need for research on automatic processing and psychological defenses, and links between narcissism and attachment. Published by Elsevier Inc.
The Importance of Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty in assessing Purchase Intentions of Consumer : A lesson from Xiaomi Phone Consumer

This research aims to analize the effect of Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty in assessing Purchase Intentions on Consumer of Xiaomi phone. The research is explanatory research which explains the causal relation between the variables through hypothesis testing. The data collection technique used questionnaires and literature research. This research used 105 samples of Xiaomi phone consumers in Malang. Those samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique. Test instrument that was used for testing the research instrument are validity test and reliability test. The analytical methods that were used are path model analysis using SPSS 21. The result shows that Brand Awareness has significant and direct effect toward Brand Loyalty. Brand Awareness also has significant and direct effect toward Purchase Intention. But, Brand Loyalty has no significant and direct effect toward Purchase Intention. Moreover, Brand Awareness undirectly affect to Purchase Intention through Brand Loyalty as mediator Key Words: Brand, Brand Awareness, Brand Loyalty, Purchase Intention
Impulse noise and acute acoustic trauma in Finnish conscripts. Number of shots fired and safe distances.

This prospective study of acute acoustic trauma (AAT) from exposure to impulse noise during compulsory military service focused on three issues the number of shot or explosion impulses that the conscript was exposed to at the time of AAT, distance of injured ear from causal firearm, and the circumstances under which AAT occurred protected ears. The series includes 449 consecutive, verified cases of AAT seen at the Central Military Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, in the period 1989-1993. AAT usually occurred during combat training (87%) as a result of exposure to impulses from small arms (83%). In 41%. AAT was caused by a single shot or detonation impulse. As many as 92% of all AATs occurred within 2 m of the causal firearm. Fourteen percent were wearing hearing protectors when the accident took place, but every third had badly fitting protectors or had neglected safety regulations and used insufficient protection. Of all AATs caused by one noise impulse in protected ears. 83% were attributable to heavy arms and only 14% to small arms. The results of the study suggest that combined use of earmuffs and earplugs in association with a safe distance of over 5 m from the noise source gives adequate protection against AAT. However, for conscripts using certain heavy arms e.g. hazooka. more effective hearing protection should be developed.
Validity and reliability of Infant Neurological International Battery for detection of gross motor developmental delay in Iran.

BACKGROUND Child development screening is important issue for early detection of developmental delay and disability. Children in different environment acquire developmental abilities at different age. In this paper we report the examination of Infant Neurological International Battery (INFANIB) as a screening tool for early detection of gross motor developmental delay in Iran. METHODS In this study, we reported the result of a study which was conducted on 6150 consecutive 4- to 18-month infants who were referred form Karaj Health Network (Tehran Province) over a 12-month period. A questionnaire was filled for each child, and an evaluation was carried out with INFANIB by occupational therapists. Assessed infants had been classified in three categories: normal, transiently abnormal and abnormal neuro-development. The transient group infants were divided to normal and abnormal group after 3 months' follow-up. The abnormal group was referred to developmental centre for neuro-developmental examination. For depicting validity of the test, some of the normal, transient and abnormal group was evaluated randomly by paediatrician for neuro-developmental exam and for reliability of test between paediatrician and occupational therapist 54 infants scored randomly by both of them. RESULTS The INFANIB was valid for normal and abnormal group with 90% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 79% positive predictive value and 93% negative predictive value (NPV). Also the reliability coefficient between the examiners (paediatrician and occupational therapists) was calculated, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.90. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that INFANIB is proposed as an appropriate screening test in developing countries such as Iran as a reliable measurement of gross motor developmental delay and short time of performing.