Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Biochemical and Organoleptic changes due to Microbial growth in Minced Beef packaged in Alluminium polyethylene trays and Stored under Chilled condition

Abstract -Changes in the quality of minced beef were studied under two refrigerated conditions (1-20C and 5-70C) using some biochemical organoleptic and bacterial assays during a six-day period. Meat’s crude protein concentration remained constant (19.7-19.8%) in 4 days and 3 days at 1-20C and 5-70C respectively. There was an increase of only 0.4 to 0.6% and 0.9 to 1.4% during the 6 day period at 1-20C and 5-70C respectively. Between the 4th-6th day under both chill temperatures the meat has spoilt turning dark brown, slimy and putrid. This period coincided with meat’s bacteria log number of 8.6/g and above, increased alkalinity from 0.5 in fresh meat to between 4.3 and 5.7 ml of 0.02N HCl/g sample and increased total volatile nitrogen (TVN) from 12.6mgN/100g protein in the fresh state to between 23.8 and 39.8 mgN/100g protein under the two chill temperatures. The gradual increase of meat’s pH from 5.4 in fresh state to 5.8 at 1-20C in 5 days and 5.7 at 5-70C in 3 days, and its subsequent pronounced increase to between 6.1 and 6.9 may be ascribed to proteolysis on one hand. Increased TVN may also be responsible for the elevated meat’s pH and alkalinity in the spoiling meat. Minced meat for use in hamburger, corn beef, hotdog and other meat products may enjoy a shelf stability of only 3 day holding period under chill temperatures otherwise it is deemed unsafe for human consumption.
Evalutation of malaria infection in relation to age, residence and diagnosis of patients attending Kipsamoite dispendary, Nandi North District, Kenya

Malaria imposes a huge burden upon the health and economic development of tropical nations and has been identified as a major obstacle to sustainable development by the world’s poorest regions. Diagnosis of malaria still remains a major challenge towards effective case management more so in areas with limited diagnostic facilities and lack of access to skilled health personnel. Clinical diagnosis which is the most widely used approach has several limitations leading to its low sensitivity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of clinical/mothers’, caregivers/individuals’ diagnosis of malaria infection using microscopy as the gold standard to determine the accuracy to support malaria case management. The disease distribution in relation to age and residence among patients attending Kipsamoite Dispensary in Nandi North district was also assessed to inform control decision making. A total of 349 patients who visited the facility during the study period were recruited. Clinical Diagnosis criteria classified 349/349 (100%) as having malaria while mothers’/caregivers’/individuals’ diagnosis classified 214/349 (61.3%) as having malaria. Microscopy detected 113/349(32.4%) as positive for malaria Parasite density distribution was analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). ). There was no significant difference in mean parasite density distribution across the seven residential area categories (P=0.261). The study revealed a statistically significant association between the body temperature and malaria infection (P< 0.001). Distribution of malaria infection in the study population was analyzed by age group (<5and >5 years) using Pearson Chi-square test. The infection distribution was significantly associated with age group; (P<0.05). The combination of mothers’ / care givers’ / individuals’ and clinical against microscopy improved the positive predictive value (PPV) of malaria diagnosis from 32.4% to 36.8%. Malaria infection was neither associated with residential areas nor parasite density but significantly associated with body temperature. The observations of this study suggest that clinical diagnosis is less sensitive compared to mothers’/ carers’ or individuals’ malaria diagnosis. There is need to improve on clinical diagnostic criteria to progress on its performance and to train and encourage mothers/caregivers/individuals on clinical symptoms of malaria to improve home management of malaria with a view to achieving the Abuja targets of Roll Back Malaria (RBM).
Personality traits and marital satisfaction within enduring relationships

In this study of 125 heterosexual long-wed couples, we examined both spouses’ personality traits and relative differences in partner perceptions of personality as predictors of marital satisfaction, simultaneously for both husbands and wives. As hypothesized, each of the Big Five personality traits emerged as significantly associated with marital satisfaction though significant between-trait and between-sex differences were observed. Most notably, trait levels predicted marital satisfaction less consistently than positive reporting discrepancies (i.e., comparatively greater extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and lower neuroticism reported by spouses vis-à-vis their partners’ self-descriptions). While previous research points to a central role of neuroticism, our findings suggest that conscientiousness is the trait most broadly associated with marital satisfaction in this sample of long-wed couples. These differences between study findings may reflect change over the course of married life, the degree to which neuroticism determines divorce, overreliance on younger samples in previous marital research, or some combination of these three.
The human library initiative as an experience based tourism product

The desire to get to know new cultures and their way of living has always inspired people to travel. Human library initiative provides precisely that an opportunity to get to know different people from first-hand. It is a one of a kind of library where instead of borrowing books, one “rents” people who tell their stories. This is initiative is easily applicable in tourism: both in promotion of destinations and as experience-based products, which are increasing in demand. The goal of this paper is to introduce human library as a new experience based tourism amenity that will disclose interesting stories about the destination and its residents in different languages. The development of the initiative for tourism purposes and the comparison of living books and other in-destination information provision services are provided.
Transparent Code Offloading on FPGA

Genomics, molecular dynamics, and machine learning are just the most recent examples of fields where FPGAs could provide the means to achieve interesting breakthroughs [1]– [3]. FPGAs have proven indeed to be a viable solution for energy efficient high-performance computing [4], [5]. However, HDL programming requires considerable multidisciplinary skills, experience, large budgets, time, and a bit of wizardry [6]. The use of FPGAs has dramatically raised the overall complexity of the system, as exploiting the available capabilities now demands a wide range of competencies which are not always in the background of a company or institution. Furthermore, the required effort often limits the applicability to a reduced set of supported brands/models, while being effective only when predicted usage patterns match the actual ones. Given that most cloud applications are short-lived — their lifespan can be as short as one week [7] —, the investment simply does not pay off. High-Level Synthesis (HLS) [8] partially mitigates the above-mentioned problems by removing the language-barrier, but compiling and deploying a bitstream could take up to a few days (depending on the complexity of the design) [6], and again its development requires establishing a-priori usage patterns that might lead to a suboptimal usage of the available resources. In this demo we propose a multi-vendor LLVM-based automated framework that can transparently — that is, without the user or the developer being aware of it — offload computingintensive code fragments to FPGAs [9]. Our solution requires no changes in the code, not even pragma indications to guide the optimization, and dynamically adapts its behaviour to the available data and the workload of the system. The system operates on the Intermediate Representation of the original code to achieve language-agnosticity, and it identifies parallelizable, computationally-intensive code fragments that are then dispatched to a data flow overlay architecture built on top of the FPGA. The overall process requires hundreds of microseconds, since the bitstream we use is fixed, and can be easily reverted should the outcome be unsatisfactory. At the heart of our system, depicted by Fig. 1, lies a JustIn-Time (JIT) compiler, coupled with the Linux perf event performance monitor to automatically detect hot code fragments. Once a region is identified, it is analyzed to expose parallelization opportunities. The Control Flow Graph and the Data Flow Graph are then extracted and merged, and the overlay pre-synthesized on the FPGA is reconfigured on-thefly to execute the new model. We have chosen to adopt the overlay architecture for pipelined execution of data flow graphs Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the developed system.
SECURE HEALTH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS METHODS

Health informatics, using new information technology, provides a fruitful set of data resource and knowledge that is very useful for secondary data users and researchers in various health systems and applications. Privacy acts, on the other hand, prevent direct access to this information without patient's consent. Various solutions have been proposed such as data anonymization and de-identification, on-site analysis, and limited remote access, to preserve the data owner's privacy. Each of those approaches has different drawbacks and limitations. For instance, data de-identification will reduce data utility because of low precision of the final released data, and also it has a risk of data re-identification using available public data and background knowledge. On-site analysis has physical limitations, such as lack of data centers in every geographic area, and time-consuming procedures, such as background checks. Remote access increases security risks, and when data has to be pulled from multiple data resources, it requires patient consent for data disclosure. In this paper, we propose a set of privacy-preserving methods and techniques for some popular health statistical analysis methods. Using this set of secure protocols health researchers and other data users are able to issue their requests as some queries, and receive only the results of their queries from the data owners, while each data custodian can keep their sensitive data private. Proposed methods have been tested using sample data to illustrate the performance of the results in terms of computational and communication complexities. Security proof of the proposed protocols has also been provided as a proof of concept.
The Roman cremation burials of Encosta de Sant’Ana (Lisbon)

EnglishExcavations of a Roman cemetery at Encosta de Sant’Ana in Lisbon uncovered a small number of cremation burials. Information about cremation practices during this particular period comes mostly from the writings of classical authors such as Pliny or Cicero. Opportunities to confirm their descriptions in Portugal by direct observation in the archaeological record have been rare. Therefore, the burials from Encosta de Sant’Ana offer the chance to add new knowledge to the picture obtained from faunal and human remains and the material culture itself. A bioarchaeological approach was adopted in order to infer the funerary behaviour of the inhabitants of Olisipo, Roman Lisbon, through their burned skeletal remains. In addition, a new frame of reference was developed to assist in the analysis of bone weight of the urned cremations. These allowed the reconstruction of funerary rituals and cremation practices portuguesUm reduzido numero de cremacoes foi encontrado no cemiterio romano localizado na Encosta de Sant’Ana em Lisboa. Os nossos conhecimentos acerca da pratica da cremacao neste periodo em particular resultam principalmente dos relatos de autores classicos como Plinio ou Cicero, mas apenas em raras ocasioes estes foram confrontados com o registo arqueologico referente ao actual territorio portugues. Os enterramentos da Encosta de Sant’Ana oferecem-nos agora a possibilidade de enriquecer esses conhecimentos a partir dos achados ai encontrados e que incluem artefactos e restos osteologicos humanos e faunisticos. Adoptou-se uma abordagem bio-arqueologica de forma a reconstruir o comportamento funerario das populacoes de Olisipo, a designacao romana de Lisboa, a partir dos ossos humanos cremados. Alem do mais, procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de um quadro de referencia para assistir na analise do peso osteologico das cremacoes em urna. Este procedimento permitiu a reconstituicao do ritual funerario e das praticas referentes ao processo de cremacao
Pricing Exchange Traded Funds

Exchange Traded Funds are equity issues of companies whose assets consist entirely of cash and shares of stock approximating particular indexes. These companies resemble closed end funds except for the unique feature that additional shares can be created or redeemed by a number of registered entities. This paper investigates the extent and properties of the resulting premiums and discounts of ETFs from their fair market value.Measured premiums and discounts can be misleading because the net asset value of the portfolio is not accurately represented or because the price of the fund is not accurately recorded. These features are incorporated into a model with errors-in-variables that accounts for these effects and measures the standard deviation of the remaining pricing errors. Time variation in this standard deviation is investigated. Both domestic and international ETFs are examined, each from an end-of-day perspective and from a minute-by-minute intra-daily framework. The overall finding is that the premiums/discounts for the domestic ETFs are generally small and highly transient, once mismatches in timing are accounted for. Large premiums typically last only several minutes. The standard deviation of the premiums/discount is 15 basis points on average across all ETFs, which is substantially smaller than the bid-ask spread. For international ETFs, the findings are not so dramatic. Premiums and discounts are much larger and more persistent, frequently lasting several days. The spreads are also much wider and are comparable to the standard deviation of the premiums. This finding is insensitive to the timing of overlap with the foreign market, the use of futures data, or different levels of time scale. In fact there are only a small number of trades and quote changes in a typical day for most of these funds. An explanation for this difference may rest with the higher cost of creation and redemption for the international products. Nevertheless, when compared with closed end funds where there are no opportunities for creation or redemption, the ETFs have smaller and less persistent premiums and discounts.The implication is that the pricing of ETFs is highly efficient for the domestic products and somewhat less precise for the international funds since they face more complex financial transactions and risks.
A Method for Analysis and Visualization of Similar Hotspot Flow Patterns between Different Regional Groups

The interaction between different regions normally is reflected by the form of the stream. For example, the interaction of the flow of people and flow of information between different regions can reflect the structure of cities’ network, and also can reflect how the cities function and connect to each other. Since big data has become increasingly popular, it is much easier to acquire flow data for various types of individuals. Currently, it is a hot research topic to apply the regional interaction model, which is based on the summary level of individual flow data mining. So far, previous research on spatial interaction methods focused on point-to-point and area-to-area interaction patterns. However, there are a few scholars who study the hotspot interaction pattern between two regional groups with some predefined neighborhood relationship by starting with two regions. In this paper, a method for identifying a similar hotspot interaction pattern between two regional groups has been proposed, and the Geo-Information-Tupu methods are applied to visualize the interaction patterns. For an example of an empirical analysis, we discuss China’s air traffic flow data, so this method can be used to find and analyze any hotspot interaction patterns between regional groups with adjoining relationships across China. Our research results indicate that this method is efficient in identifying hotspot interaction flow patterns between regional groups. Moreover, it can be applied to any analysis of flow space that is used to excavate regional group hotspot interaction patterns.
ENHANCEMENT IN LIGHT COUPLING INTO SILICON SOLAR CELLS USING LOW COST AND EARTH ABUNDANT ALUMINIUM NANOPARTICLES

In this paper, we study the light coupling into a Si substrate by depositing Al nanoparticles on the surface using FDTD calculations and compared with the most commonly used Ag nanoparticles. It has been found that Al nanoparticle has the potential to improved light in coupling integrated over AM1.5G solar spectral range and can have much better enhancement than Ag nanoparticles. Lesser Fano reduction is observed in Si with Al nanoparticles on the surface, thereby minimizing the losses in the short wavelengths usually reported with Ag nanoparticles.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE

This paper empirically examines the relationship between stock return volatility, trading volume and bid-ask spread within the scope of mixture of distribution hypothesis (MDH) and sequential information arrival hypothesis (SIAH) in the Indian stock market using high frequency 5-minute data set over the period of 2 July 2012 to 31 December 2012. This is the first kind of study in India using bid-ask spread as an additional information variable along with trading volume to investigate the relationship with stock return volatility. Our empirical findings provide evidence of a positive contemporaneous relationship between return volatility and trading volume, and also between return volatility and bid-ask spread. Moreover, the results of Granger causality test show that the information content of trading volume and bid-ask spread are useful for predicting stock return volatility. Our results indicate that information arrival to investors tends to follow a sequential rather than a simultaneous process. This finding is consistent with the sequential information arrival hypothesis and contradicts the mixture of distribution hypothesis.
ON SOLVING LINEAR DIOPHANTINE SYSTEMS USING GENERALIZED ROSSER'S ALGORITHM

A diculty in solving linear Diophantine systems is the rapid growth of intermediate results. Rosser's algorithm for solving a single linear Diophatine equation is an ecient algorithm that eectively controls the growth of intermediate results. Here, we propose an approach to generalize Rosser's algorithm and present two algorithms for solving systems of linear Diophantine equations. Then, we show that the generalized approach provides us with a new formulation of the LDSSBR of Chou and Collins and a more ecient implementation of Rosser's approach. The new formulation also enables us to propose an ecient algorithm for solving rank one perturbed linear Diophantine systems based on the LDSSBR, and to improve and extend the class of integer ABS algorithms for solving linear Diophantine systems.
An algebraic theory of integration methods

A class of integration methods which includes Runge-Kutta methods, as well as the Picard successive approximation method, is shown to be related to a certain group which can be represented as the family of real-valued functions on the set of rooted trees. For each integration method, a group element is defined corresponding to it and it is shown that the numerical result obtained using the method is characterised by this group element. If two methods are given, then a new method may be defined in such a way that when it is applied to a given initial-value problem the result is the same as for the successive application of the given methods. It is shown that the group element for this new method is the product of the group elements corresponding to the given methods. Various properties of the group and certain of its subgroups are examined. The concept of order is defined as a relationship between group elements.
Privacy Enabled Crowdsourced Transmitter Localization Using Adjusted Measurements

We address the problem of location privacy in the context of crowdsourced localization of spectrum offenders where participating receivers report received signal strength (RSS) measurements and their location to a central controller. We present a novel approach, that we call the adjusted measurement approach, in which we generate pseudo-locations for participating receivers and report these pseudo-locations along with adjusted RSS measurements as if the measurements were made at the pseudo-locations. The RSS values are adjusted by representing those as a weighted linear combination of the RSS values at the receivers, where receivers closer to the false location have a higher weight than those far away. We use two RSS datasets, one from a cluttered office (indoor) and another from roadways in Phoenix, Arizona (outdoor) to evaluate our approach. We compare the localization error of our approach with that of the naive approach that simply adds noise to locations. Our results demonstrate that location privacy can be preserved without a significant increase in the localization error. We also formulate an adversary attack that attempts to solve the inverse problem of determining the true locations of the receivers from their false locations. Our evaluations show that the adversary does no better than random guessing of true locations in the monitored area.
DRUG TESTING AND RECIDIVISM OF HOUSTON FELONY PROBATIONERS

Previous evaluations of the relationship between drug testing and criminal behavior have yielded mixed results. Furthermore, these examinations have been confined to pretrial defendants. The present study focused on the impact of drug testing on recidivism rates among fe lony probat ioners in a large, southwestern, urban community (Houston, Texas). The findings indicated that successful probationers were tested and seen by off icers a signif icant ly greater number of t imes than unsuccessfu l probat ioners. In addition, drug and non-drug offenders had similar law violation rates, but drug offenders committed a higher number of technical violations. As expected, evidence of drug abuse was related to probation failure. Finally, the effect of drug offenders’ participation in treatment varied according to their characteristics. Probation success was enhanced for drug offenders with characteristics predictive of failure, whereas those with the attributes of success did not appear to benefit.