Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Field Stress, Low-Frequency Noise, and Long-Term Reliability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

A small degradation of threshold voltage and a significant reduction in dc and RF transconductance are observed for AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors fabricated via three different process techniques and subjected to high voltage stress in the semi-ON bias condition. Low-frequency noise measurements as a function of temperature show peaks at ~0.2, ~0.5, ~0.7, and/or ~0.8 eV that increase with the magnitude and duration of high-field stress. The dehydrogenation of passivated Fe and O impurity defects and/or N antisite defects leads to increased charge trapping, noise, and transconductance degradation. Density functional theory calculations show that Ga vacancy motion and dehydrogenation of substitutional Fe complexes in the GaN buffer layer also contribute significantly to the poststress degradation of these devices. At higher stress voltages, these defects also likely contribute to device failure.
Cloning of the genes of the chitin utilization regulon of Serratia liquefaciens

The set of genes that determine the expression of the enzymes involved in chitin degradation by Serratia liquefaciens was cloned. The role of each gene was investigated, and for the first time regulatory genes were identified in this system. The chiA and chiB genes coded for separate chitinase activities. The chiC region coded for a chitobiase activity, but it was not formally separated from chiB. Transposon mutagenesis and deletion analysis identified a region, chiD, whose absence led to higher expression of chiA, chiB, and chiC. chiD may therefore be a gene that codes for a repressor. Loss of function of another adjacent region, chiE, prevented induction unless a chiE+ strain was a near neighbor, suggesting that this gene may code for a protein that is involved in the synthesis of the inducer. chiB, chiC, chiD, and chiE are closely linked, while chiA is in a separate location on the chromosome.
Computational Security for Context-Awareness in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks can be viewed as a typical context-aware system where the experienced context frequently varies as vehicles move along road, e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), velocity, and traffic flow. In particular, the adopted security protection mechanisms often depend on the node state, location, and/or surrounding risk, which need the capability of context-aware security quantification. This paper views the security level as a user's inherent property that is only correlated with the user's behaviours and the situated context and independent of the suffered attack ways. We propose a formalized methodology to especially quantify the security level in real time from the perspective of state transition probability through estimating the stable probability of staying in the security state in inhomogeneous continuous time Markov chain. This paradigm enables users to customize the security protection mechanisms for adapting to the frequently varying context. We conduct the extensive numerical calculations and empirical analysis to comprehensively investigate the response of the proposed security quantification framework to the various combinations of the concerned parameters, e.g., SNR, velocity, and traffic flow. The results show that the proposed framework is capable of capturing the real-time security level adaptively to the vehicular context and provides a dependable decision basis to security protection, which can restrict the security to a target value.
Nutritive Value of Common Wild Edible Mushrooms from Southern Nigeria

Young and matured carpophores of twelve (12) common wild edible Nigerian mushrooms were collected from different locations at the southern part of Nigeria. These fungi were analyzed for proximate and mineral elements compositions. The results showed that all the tested samples contained appreciable amount of essential nutrients. Of the entire wild mushroom tested, T. globulus was the richest containing highest amount of protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus and iron. This was followed in order by T. microcarpus, V. esculenta, L. giganteum and L. pusilum (p<0.05). The highest amount of moisture (98.5%) was found in the matured fruitbodies of L. pusilum followed by A. polytricha (97.1%) and L. giganteum (96.9%). Lycoperdon giganteum contained greatest amount of soluble sugars and glycogen while V. esculenta was the richest in total lipid containing 17.7% of the mushroom dry weight. Generally, the young fruitbodies of all the tested fungal samples were found to be richer than the matured fruitbodies. This study also reveals that T. microcarpus, P. atroumbonata, L. pusilum and V. esculenta contained abundant amount of K, Na, Mn and Cu respectively.
Development and application of Mobile Robot system for Marking Process in LNGC cargo tanks

Of late large scale automation is becoming a fast trend in shipyards. Especially in the construction of LNG Carriers automation is becoming rather a must have necessity. This necessity hence brought in an idea to automate the “Marking Process” involved in construction of LNGC Tanks. Further, to make this idea a reality we have developed a “Mobile Robot” which is capable of automating the “Marking Process”. For the Localization of this self controlled “Mobile Robot” we have used “Indoor GPS” system which is a 3D measurement system. Using the above system and an accurate Alignment Module, “Line Marking” was achieved using the mobile robot. Also, Stud bolt preprocessing along with tank's wall surface flatness measurement is done using the “Laser Sensors” fitted onto this robot. Hence, by using this robot to automate the “Marking Process” in the construction of LNGC Tanks we can definitely improve the accuracy in marking by reducing all possible human errors
Variance of interaction effects of sire and herd for yield traits of Holsteins in California, New York, and Pennsylvania with an animal model.

An animal model with a REML algorithm was used to estimate variances of additive genetic effects and interaction effects of sire and herd. Milk and fat yields were analyzed for first, second, and third lactations of Holsteins from California, New York, and Pennsylvania. Twenty samples of data were used in the study: 10 from California, 4 from New York, and 6 from Pennsylvania. Mean number of lactations per sample was 36,820 from 18,189 cows in 156 herds. Mean fractions of phenotypic variance of interaction effects of sire and herd for milk and fat yields were . 015 and . 019 for first lactation and . 019 and . 021 for all (up to three) lactations rather than the . 14 used for national genetic evaluations in the US. Mean heritability estimates for milk and fat yields were . 26 and . 24 for first lactation and . 21 and . 21 for all lactations in California and . 34 and . 35 for first lactations and . 28 and . 29 for all lactations in New York. Sums of variances of permanent environmental and interaction effects of sire and herd were similar to those used for national genetic evaluations in the US. Analysis of another 10 samples from California and 10 samples from New York showed only slightly different fractions of phenotypic variance for milk yield for interaction effects of sire by herd, sire by herd by year, and sire by herd by year by season: . 023, . 027, and . 037 for California and . 023, . 017, and . 023 for New York, respectively.
Histologic Tumor Type Is an Independent Prognostic Parameter in Esophageal Cancer: Lessons From More Than 1,000 Consecutive Resections at a Single Center in the Western World

ObjectiveTo analyze the changing pattern in tumor type and postoperative deaths at a national referral center for esophageal cancer in the Western world and to assess prognostic factors for long-term survival after resection. Summary Background DataDuring the past two decades, the epidemiology and treatment strategies of esophageal cancer have changed markedly in the Western world. The influence of these factors on postoperative deaths and long-term prognosis has not been adequately evaluated. MethodsBetween 1982 and 2000, 1,059 patients with primary esophageal squamous cell cancer or adenocarcinoma had resection with curative intention at a single center. Patient and tumor characteristics and details of the surgical procedure and outcome were documented during this period. Follow-up was available for 95.8% of the patients. Changing patterns in tumor type and postoperative deaths were analyzed. Prognostic factors for long-term survival were assessed by multivariate analysis. ResultsThe prevalence of adenocarcinoma in patients with resected esophageal cancer increased markedly during the study period. The postoperative death rate decreased from about 10% before 1990 to less than 2% since 1994, coinciding with the introduction of a procedure-specific composite risk score and exclusion of high-risk patients from surgical resection. In addition to the well-established prognostic parameters, tumor cell type “adenocarcinoma” was identified as a favorable independent predictor of long-term survival after resection. The independent prognostic effect of tumor cell type persisted in the subgroups of patients with primary resection and patients with primary resection and R0 category. ConclusionEsophagectomy for esophageal cancer has become a safe procedure in experienced hands. Esophageal adenocarcinoma has a better long-term prognosis after resection than squamous cell carcinoma.
The role of the non‐homologous end‐joining pathway in lymphocyte development

Summary: One of the most toxic insults a cell can incur is a disruption of its linear DNA in the form of a double‐strand break (DSB). Left unrepaired, or repaired improperly, these lesions can result in cell death or neoplastic transformation. Despite these dangers, lymphoid cells purposely introduce DSBs into their genome to maximize the diversity and effector functions of their antigen receptor genes. While the generation of breaks requires distinct lymphoid‐specific factors, their resolution requires various ubiquitously expressed DNA‐repair proteins, known collectively as the non‐homologous end‐joining pathway. In this review, we discuss the factors that constitute this pathway as well as the evidence of their involvement in two lymphoid‐specific DNA recombination events.
DNA Sequencing with Transposons

The use of transposons offers the possibility of a directed approach to DNA sequencing, where a target DNA up to about 6kb in length can be sequenced quickly and with minimal redundancy. Transposons are mobile DNA elements which can be inserted in a reasonably random fashion into the target DNA. An important part of this process is the location of the transposon insertions (known as mapping) and the selection of a sensible subset of transposons to use as priming sites for sequencing reactions. This paper presents a probabilistic method of scoring selected subsets of transposons and a graph-theoretic algorithm for selection of a subset of maximal score.
Game Theoretic Approach for Channel Allocation and Throughput Maximization in Wireless Mesh Network

Recently, demand of wireless communication is increasing rapidly. In this field of wireless communication, wireless mesh networks have been proven a significant technology to provide better performance for real time multimedia communications. There are various applications present in this field of wireless communication where some of the applications are data-intensive in nature which focuses on the quality of received data and end-to-end performance of network for providing better quality of service. These applications are known are deadline –driven requests in wireless communication system. There are various schemes have been developed in last decade to support wireless mesh network and providing better quality of service and experience for end user. Still throughput, delay and packet delivery rates are challenging tasks in this field. To address this issue, here we develop a novel approach for QoS provisioning in wireless mesh networks. Proposed approach is based on the Cooperative Game Theory approach. This work mainly considers on the avoiding the interference channels and selection of better channel with the help of coordination among mesh routers and provides better channel assignment (CA) strategy for real time communication in wireless mesh networks. According to this work, channel assignment problem is formulated by mesh routers as players in the game and an optimization problem is obtained which is resolved by developing a new approach. In new approach, finalization criteria are considered to meet for better end-to-end performance of the network. Simulation study is carried on MATLAB simulation tool. Experimental results are obtained and compared with stateof-art channel assignment technique. According to the comparative analysis, better results are reported in proposed approach compared to existing schemes. Keywords-Game theory, Mesh network, channel assignment, cooperative
Destroying collateral: asset security and the financing of firms

Posting collateral encourages credit provision under the assumption that lenders can appropriate the pledged assets in case of default. When institutions work imperfectly, though, banks discount the value of effective collateral, thereby reducing lending volume. This process has been described in US states with difficult foreclosure procedures, but here we show that it also matters for poor countries after a violent conflict, when collateralizable assets have a heightened probability of being destroyed. We use firm-level data on loans in Sub-Saharan Africa to show that to get a loan, firms in countries with recent conflict need to pledge additional collateral. While some OLS offer supporting evidence, the effect is larger and more precisely estimated when we use quantile regressions to focus on the subgroup of firms that face tougher collateral requirements, which suggests that this effect is heterogeneous within countries. This mechanism is a novel channel that relates peace to economic growth and convergence through financial markets.
Intercellular junctions in upper airway submucosal glands of the rat: A tracer and freeze fracture study

The structure of intercellular tight junctions of rat airway submucosal glands was examined by freeze fracture techniques and their permeability assessed by the use of colloidal lanthanum. The submucosal glands were organized into three distinct regions: (a) serous tubules and (b) mucous tubules lined, respectively, by serous and mucous cells, and (c) ducts lined by cuboidal epithelial cells, containing few secretory granules, and some ciliated cells. The mean number of parallel fibrils constituting the tight junctions between serous cells was 3.6 ± 0.4, which was significantly smaller than those between any of the other cell types. Colloidal lanthanum permeated the tight junctions between serous cells up to the level of the acinar lumen. There was a progressive increase in the mean number of parallel fibrils of tight junctions between mucous (5.1 ± 0.6), ductal (5.4 ± 0.5), and ciliated cells (8.5 ± 0.7); none of these junctions was permeated by colloidal lanthanum. These results imply that tight junctions between serous cells are more permeable to small water‐soluble solutes than those present in the more proximal portions of the gland. Gap junctions were observed between serous cells and between mucous cells, suggesting that these secretory cells may be electotronically and metabolically coupled.
ISOFT at QALD-5: Hybrid Question Answering System over Linked Data and Text Data

We develop a question answering system over linked data and text data. We combine knowledgebase-based question answering (KBQA) approach and information retrieval based question answering (IRQA) approach to solve complex questions. To solve this kind of complex question using only knowledgebase and SPARQL query, we use various methods to translate natural language (NL) phrases in question to entities and properties in knowledgebase (KB). However, converting NL phrases to entities and properties in KB many times usually has low accuracy in most KBQA. To reduce the number of converting NL phrases to words in KB, we extract clues of answers using IRQA and generate one SPARQL based on the extracted clues and analyses of the question and the semantic answer type.
Bisecting K-means Algorithm Based on K-valued Selfdetermining and Clustering Center Optimization

The initial clustering centers of traditional bisecting K-means algorithm are randomly selected and the k value of traditional bisecting K-means algorithm could not determine beforehand. This paper proposes a improve bisecting K-means algorithm based on automatically determining K value and the optimization of the cluster center. Firstly, the initial cluster centers are selected by using the point density and the distance function; Secondly, automatically determining K value is proposed by using Intra cluster similarity and inter cluster difference. the experiment results on UCI database show that the algorithm can effectively avoid the influence of noise points and outliers, and improve the accuracy and stability of clustering results.
An overview of scheduling algorithms in wireless multimedia networks

Scheduling algorithms are important components in the provision of guaranteed quality of service parameters such as delay, delay jitter, packet loss rate, or throughput. The design of scheduling algorithms for mobile communication networks is especially challenging given the highly variable link error rates and capacities, and the. changing mobile station connectivity typically encountered in such networks. This article provides a survey of scheduling techniques for several types of wireless networks. Some of the challenges in designing such schedulers are first discussed. Desirable features and classifications of schedulers are then reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of several, scheduling algorithms which have been proposed for TDMA, CDMA, and multihop packet networks.
An Exact Method for Computing Delay Margin for Stability of Load Frequency Control Systems With Constant Communication Delays

The extensive usage of open communication networks in power system control causes inevitable time delays. This paper studies impacts of such delays on the stability of one-area and two-area load frequency control (LFC) systems and proposes an analytical method to determine delay margins, the upper bound on the delay for stability. The proposed method first eliminates transcendental terms in characteristic equation of LFC systems without making any approximation and transforms the transcendental characteristic equation into a regular polynomial. The key result of the elimination process is that real roots of the new polynomial correspond to imaginary roots of the transcendental characteristic equation. With the help of new polynomial, it is also possible to determine the delay-dependency of system stability and root tendency with respect to the time delay. An analytical formula is then developed to compute delay margins in terms of system parameters. For a large set of controller gains, delay margins of LFC systems are computed to investigate the qualitative effect of controller gains on the delay margin. Finally, simulations studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pain Reduction During Pediatric Immunizations: Evidence-Based Review and Recommendations

The pain associated with immunizations is a source of anxiety and distress for the children receiving the immunizations, their parents, and the providers who must administer them. Preparation of the child before the procedure seems to reduce anxiety and subsequent pain. The limited available data suggest that intramuscular administration of immunizations should occur in the vastus lateralis (anterolateral thigh) for children <18 months of age and in the deltoid (upper arm) for those >36 months of age. Controversy exists in site selection for 18- to 36-month-old children. A number of studies suggest that the ventrogluteal area is the most appropriate for all age groups. Longer needles are usually associated with less pain and less local reaction. During the injection, parental demeanor clearly affects the child's pain behaviors. Excessive parental reassurance, criticism, or apology seems to increase distress, whereas humor and distraction tend to decrease distress. Distraction techniques vary with the age, temperament, and interests of the child, but their efficacy is well supported in the literature. Sucrose solution instilled directly into the mouth or administered on a pacifier reduces evidence of distress reliably in children <6 months of age and should be used routinely. Although there is no perfect topical anesthetic available at this time, selective use for children who are particularly fearful or who have had negative experiences in the past is highly endorsed. Pressure at the site, applied with either a device or a finger, clearly reduces pain. Finally, in the era of multiple injections, it seems that parents prefer that multiple injections be given simultaneously, rather than sequentially, if there are enough personnel available. Immunizations are stressful for many children; until new approaches are developed, systematic use of available techniques can significantly reduce the burden of distress associated with these procedures.
Correlation Analysis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its Biomarkers Using the Word Embeddings

It is very costly and time consuming to find new biomarkers for specific diseases in clinical laboratories. In this study, to find new biomarkers most closely related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is widely known as respiratory disease, biomarkers known to be associated with respiratory diseases and COPD itself were converted into word embedding. And their similarities were measured. We used Word2Vec, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), and Global Vector (GloVe) for word embedding. In order to replace the clinical evaluation, the titles and abstracts of papers retrieved from Google Scholars were analyzed and quantified to estimate the performance of the word em-bedding models.
Singularity-locus expression of a class of parallel mechanisms

In parallel mechanisms, singular configurations (singularities) have to be avoided during motion. All the singularities should be located in order to avoid them. Hence, relationships involving all the singular platform poses (singularity locus) and the mechanism geometric parameters are useful in the design of parallel mechanisms. This paper presents a new expression of the singularity condition of the most general mechanism (6-6 FPM) of a class of parallel mechanisms usually named fully-parallel mechanisms (FPM). The presented expression uses the mixed products of vectors that are easy to be identified on the mechanism. This approach will permit some singularities to be geometrically found. A procedure, based on this new expression, is provided to transform the singularity condition into a ninth-degree polynomial equation whose unknowns are the platform pose parameters. This singularity polynomial equation is cubic in the platform position parameters and a sixth-degree one in the platform orientation parameters. Finally, how to derive the expression of the singularity condition of a specific FPM from the presented 6-6 FPM singularity condition will be shown along with an example.
Somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in early parkinson and incidental lewy body disease

Somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are hypothesized to play a role in Parkinson disease (PD), but large increases in mtDNA mutations have not previously been found in PD, potentially because neurons with high mutation levels degenerate and thus are absent in late stage tissue. To address this issue, we studied early stage PD cases and cases of incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD), which is thought to represent presymptomatic PD. We show for the first time that mtDNA mutation levels in substantia nigra neurons are significantly elevated in this group of early PD and ILBD cases. Ann Neurol 2012;71:850–854