Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular alignment and orientation with a hybrid Raman scattering technique

We demonstrate a scheme for the preparation of molecular alignment and angular momentum orientation using a hybrid combination of two limits of Raman scattering. First a weak, impulsive pump pulse initializes the system via the nonresonant dynamic Stark effect. Then, having overcome the influence of the vacuum fluctuations, an amplification pulse selectively enhances the initial coherences by transient stimulated Raman scattering, generating alignment and angular momentum orientation of molecular hydrogen. The amplitude and phase of the resulting coherent dynamics are experimentally probed, indicating an amplification factor of 4.5. An analytic theory is developed to model the dynamics.
The SST Turbulence Model with Improved Wall Treatment for Heat Transfer Predictions in Gas Turbines

Heat transfer is of key importance in many gas turbine components. Most of the CFD development in this area is focused on advanced turbulence model closures including second moment closure models, and so called Low-Reynolds (low-Re) number and two-layer turbulence models. However, in many cases CFD heat transfer predictions based on these standard models still show a large degree of uncertainty, which can be attributed to the use of the -equation as the turbulence scale equation and the associated limitations of the near wall treatment. The present paper demonstrates that an optimally formulated two-equation model in combination with advanced wall treatment can overcome many problems of previous models. The SST (Shear Stress Transport) model in combination with an automatic wall treatment and a model for transition from laminar to turbulent flow was implemented in CFX-5 and applied to different test cases. In all cases the SST model shows to be superior, as it gives more accurate predictions and is less sensitive to grid variations. NOMENCLATURE Symbols
"So why did you do it?": Explanations provided by Child Pornography Offenders

Aim/ Background: There has been some professional discussion surrounding the "function" of child pornography offending for the individual offender: Why is someone looking at child pornography and what needs are met with this behaviour? The limited research in this area has mainly focused on information extracted from interview transcripts, which is likely biased by the offender's situation at the time. Material/Method: Using a computerised online survey, child pornography offenders (with and without contact sex offences against minors) were questioned anonymously about their motivations to start viewing child pornography material. Results: Thematic Analysis lead to the development of a topical map that revealed four main themes in their offence motivations: (1) no (direct) explanation provided, (2) initial triggers of their child pornography consumption, (3) emotional reasons, and (4) sexual reasons. These themes were analysed with regards to their subthemes, their relationship with each other and to the offending behaviour. Offender characteristics differed between the thematic groups. In addition, "pure" child pornography offenders were more likely than offenders with contact victims to provide more than one explanation for their behaviour. Individuals with contact offences were found more likely to admit a sexual interest in children. Conclusions: These findings point to the value of a motivation-based offender typology. For treatment providers, the assessment of offence motivations appears as a promising source about an individual's risks and needs.
Epidemiological studies of subclinical mastitis in cows in and around Hyderabad

The present study epidemiological studies of subclinical mastitis in cows “in and around Hyderabad” was undertaken to study the incidence of subclinical mastitis in cows, was carried out during a period of 7 months i.e., February to August, 2015. To find out the incidence of subclinical mastitis (SCM), a total of 534 quarter milk samples from 136 apparently healthy cows of three local dairy farms and individual holdings were subjected to California Mastitis test (CMT), White Side Test (WST) and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). According to CMT, WST and SFMT, the quarter wise incidence was 35.02%, 32.96% and 30.52%, respectively, and animal wise incidence was 66.18%, 59.56% and 55.15%, respectively
The Leadership Practices of Middle and High School Principals.

As educators continue to restructure schools to better meet the needs of society, the principal's effective leadership practices become paramount. This report of a descriptive study of principals in a large urban school district examines the differences in middle-school and high-school teachers' perceptions of the leadership practices of educational leaders. The sample consists of 242 participants from 12 middle schools and 404 participants from 14 high schools. Each participant was administered Kouzes and Posner's Leadership Practices Inventory, which identified the teachers' perceptions of their principals' leadership practices in each of five dimensions: (1) challenging the process; (2) inspiring a shared vision; (3) enabling others to act; (4) modeling the way; and (5) encouraging the heart. Using a 95 percent level of confidence, no significant differences were identified between the means of the responses of middle-school and highschool teachers for any of the five practices: Middle-school and high-school teachers reported similar perceptions of their principals' leadership practices. Additional analysis indicates that both middle-school and highschool principals most often exhibited the practices of "enabling others to act" and "modeling the way" and least often demonstrated the behavior of "encouraging the heart. " (Contains 1 table and 16 references.) (Author/WFA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Leadership Practices 1 The Leadership Practices Of Middle and High School Principals Donald W. Leech, Ed.D. Valdosta State University dwleech@valdosta.edu C. Ray Fulton, Ph.D. University of Mississippi rfulton@olemiss.edu Paper presented at the 56th Annual Summer Conference of the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED ED CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY MUM Burlington VT August 7, 2002 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Mechanisms and Responses of a Single Dielectric Barrier Plasma Actuator: Plasma Morphology

We present simultaneous optical, electrical, and thrust measurements of an aerodynamic plasma actuator. These measurements indicate that the plasma actuator is a form of the dielectric barrier discharge, whose behavior is governed primarily by the buildup of charge on the dielectric-encapsulated electrode. Our measurements reveal the temporal and macroscale spatial structure of the plasma. Correlating the morphology of the plasma and the electrical characteristics of the discharge to the actuator performance as measured by the thrust produced indicates a direct coupling between the interelectrode electric field (strongly modified by the presence of the plasma) and the charges in the plasma. Our measurements discount bulk heating or asymmetries in the structure of the discharge as mechanisms for the production of bulk motion of the surrounding neutral air, although such asymmetries clearly exist and impact the effectiveness of the actuator.
System Coverage and Capacity Analysis on Millimeter-Wave Band for 5G Mobile Communication Systems with Massive Antenna Structure

The use of a millimeter-wave band defined as a 30–300 GHz range is significant element for improving performance of 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems. However, since the millimeter-wave signal has peculiar propagation characteristics especially toward non-line-of-sight regions, the system architecture and antenna structure for 5G mobile communications should be designed to overcome these propagation limitations. For realization of the 5G mobile communications, electronics and telecommunications research institute (ETRI) is developing central network applying various massive antenna structures with beamforming. In this paper, we have introduced the central network and evaluated the system coverage and capacity through C
Time Domain Passivity Approach for Soft and Deformable Environments

Recently proposed stable teleoperation control scheme, base on time domain passivity, is modifled to remove several conservatisms. During unconstrained motion and contacting with soft and deformable environments, the two-port time domain passivity approach (21) was excessively dissipating energy even though it was stable without any energy dissipation. The main reason of this conservatism is on the fact that the time domain passivity controller does not include the external energy dissipation elements at the slave manipulator. The measured interaction force between slave and environment allow the time domain passivity observer to include the amount of energy dissipation of the slave manipulator to the monitored energy. With the modifled passivity observer, reference energy following idea (24) is applied to satisfy the passivity condition. The feasibility of the developed methods is proved with experiments. Improved performance is obtained in unconstrained motion and contacting with a soft environment.
Process-Based Management Approaches for Salt Desert Shrublands Dominated by Downy Brome

Downy brome grass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion has severely altered key ecological processes such as disturbance regimes, soil nutrient cycling, community assembly, and successional pathways in semiarid Great Basin salt desert shrublands. Restoring the structure and function of these severely altered ecosystems is extremely challenging; however new strategies are emerging that target and attempt to repair ecological processes associated with vegetation change. In this paper, we review the essential processes required to reduce downy brome abundance and assist with creating suitable conditions for revegetation of Great Basin salt desert shrublands. ____________________________________ In Monaco, T.A. et al. comps. 2011. Proceedings – Threats to Shrubland Ecosystem Integrity; 2010 May 18-20; Logan, UT. Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, Volume XVII. S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, Logan Utah, USA.
Properties and response of composite material with spheroidal superelastic shape memory alloy inclusions subject to three-dimensional stress state

This communication illustrates the method of evaluation of the stiffness tensor and the stress–strain relationship of a particulate composite material with randomly distributed spheroidal superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) inclusions that is subject to three-dimensional stresses. The Mori–Tanaka homogenization technique in conjunction with the Tanaka phenomenological SMA theory is applied to develop relations between the properties of the composite material and the applied stresses. In addition, the composite stress–strain loop reflecting hysteresis within the SMA material is generated. It is shown that the energy dissipation within a metal matrix composite with spherical SMA inclusions is comparable to that observed in composites with SMA fibres. The solution is exact within the framework of the assumptions of the Mori–Tanaka and phenomenological SMA theories.
Comparative study of the body composition of different turkey genotypes by means of CT (short communication)

Male and female BUT Big 6 and Bronze turkeys (type 1967) kept in a gene reserve were in vivo investigated with non-invasive high resolution computerized tomography by means of a sipral CT scanner. The imaging procedure was carried out at the ages of 5, 12, 16 and 21 weeks on two turkeys, in both sexes. All animals were kept under intensive conditions according to the demands of the conformation and the body weight of the relevant group average. On the basis of 30-50 scans gathered from each bird during the scanning procedure the volumetric measurement of the total body muscle content was performed. These values were at the 5 th week 0.9 and 0.8 vs. 0.3 and 0.2 dm 3 in BUT male and female vs. Bronze male and female birds. At the 21 st week the respective values were: 12.65 and 7.66 vs. 3.60 and 2.28 dm 3 . The total body fat content was characterised by the so called „fat index”, a value independent of the live weight. This indices were at the 21 st week: 0.12 and 0.20 vs. 0.12 and 0.13 following the above order. The investigation of the tissue development in the body was carried out by means of 3D histograms. The morphologic properties of the breast muscles were compared based on real 3D reconstructed images at the age of 21 weeks where the major differences concerned the m. pectoralis superficialis. The applied imaging methods are well applicable to describe the anatomic and body compositional differences in the excessively different genotypes.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates the biological effects of oxygen on human trophoblast differentiation through TGFβ3

During early pregnancy, placentation occurs in a relatively hypoxic environment that is essential for appropriate embryonic development. Intervillous blood flow increases around 10 to 12 weeks of gestation and results in exposure of trophoblast cells to increased oxygen tension. Before this time, low oxygen appears to prevent trophoblast differentiation toward an invasive phenotype. Using human villous explants of 5-8 weeks' gestation, we found that low oxygen tension triggered trophoblast proliferation, fibronectin synthesis, alpha(5) integrin expression, and gelatinase A activity. These biochemical markers were barely detectable under oxic conditions. We therefore examined the placental expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and determined that expression of HIF-1alpha subunit during the first trimester of gestation parallels that of TGFbeta(3), an inhibitor of extravillous trophoblast differentiation. Expression of both molecules is high in early pregnancy and falls around 9 weeks of gestation, when placental pO(2) levels are believed to increase. Increasing oxygen tension induced a similar decrease in expression in cultured explants. Moreover, antisense inhibition of HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic explants inhibited expression of TGFbeta(3), arrested cell proliferation, decreased alpha(5) expression and gelatinase A activity, and triggered biochemical markers of an invasive trophoblast phenotype such as alpha(1) integrin and gelatinase B expression. These data suggest that the oxygen-regulated early events of trophoblast differentiation are in part mediated by TGFbeta(3) through HIF-1 transcription factors.
Random lasers based on organic epitaxial nanofibers

We present a review on random lasing in organic nanofibers made of oligophenyl nanocrystals grown by molecular epitaxy on polar substrates. The nanofibers have sub-wavelength cross-sectional dimensions and can extend in length up to the millimeter scale. We report on random lasing properties of nanofibers, under subpicosecond photopumping, both in the coherent and incoherent regimes. With the aid of both optical and morphological studies on individual fibers, we get insight into one-dimensional coherent feedback taking place along the nanofibers’ axes. Model calculations of light propagation in disordered media allow us to give a semiquantitative description of one-dimensional coherent random lasing near the lasing threshold. We also report on amplified simulated emission in individual nanofibers and demonstrate that nanoscale linear optical amplifiers can be obtained by molecular self-assembly at surfaces. Photophysical studies of nanofibers resorting to subpicosecond luminescence and pump–probe spectroscopy give us valuable information on temperature-dependent, excited-state nonlinear processes, such as exciton–exciton annihilation and photoinduced absorption. Excited-state effects strongly influence lasing thresholds under quasi-continuous-wave photoexcitation conditions, as demonstrated in photoexcitation experiments performed with nanosecond pulses. Last, we briefly discuss the potential of organic epitaxial nanofibers featuring low-threshold random lasing for photonic sensing applications.
The Global Financial Crisis and The Integration of Islamic Stock Markets in Developed and Developing Countries

This study aims to determine the impact of the 2007 global financial crisis on the integration of the Islamic stock markets. Seven Islamic stock markets are selected based on the countriesâ€™ level of development and geographical factors. The period of analysis is divided into the pre-crisis period (9 January 2005 to 22 July 2007) and the crisis period (29 July 2007 to 10 January 2010). The methodology of this study relies on the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag approach and the multi-variate Vector Error Correction Mechanism. The 2007â€“2008 global financial crisis caused changes in the integration level of the Islamic stock market. Both the level of development and geographical factors are found to have a significant influence on the integration of the Islamic stock markets during the crisis and non-crisis periods. The findings have important bearings on the formulation of financial policies, in which co-integrated Islamic stock markets suggest that there is a need for policy coordination among these markets to mitigate the impacts of financial fluctuations. Financial reforms, including the reduction or removal of trade and investment barriers, will be essential if these countries are to exploit the advantages of financial interdependence.
THE EFFECTS OF INVESTOR PROTECTION ON THE VENTURE CAPITAL INDUSTRY

In this model the level of investor protection shapes both the investment and exit policies of the venture capitalist. It therefore might help to explain the correlation between the development of both the venture capital industry and the stock market across countries, as well as some of the differences between the venture capital industry in Europe and in the U.S.
Déterminants du choix d'intégration et de désintégration verticale des entreprises

(VF)Cet article presente une analyse des determinants des strategies d’integration et de desintegration verticale sur un echantillon de 200 entreprises industrielles residant en France. A partir de l’exploitation de reponses a un questionnaire, l’estimation d’un modele probit bivarie met en evidence deux resultats principaux : d’abord, la specificite des actifs impliques dans la relation influence significativement le choix d’organisation verticale ; ensuite, ce choix est lie a la phase du cycle de vie de l’industrie a laquelle appartient le secteur d’activite considere, et ce conformement a la prevision de Stigler (1951). (VA)This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of vertical integration and vertical disintegration strategies for a group of 200 manufacturing firms located in France. Using data obtained from a survey, we estimate a bivariate probit model and find two main results:firstly, asset specificity helps to explain vertical integration, while asset standardization helps to explain vertical disintegration;secondly, strategic choice is directly related to the stage of the industry life cycle, the relation being correctly predicted by Stigler (1951).
Opportunity Rover's image analysis: Microbialites on Mars?

The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity investigated plains at Meridiani Planum, where laminated sedimentary rocks are present. The Opportunity rover’s Athena morphological investigation showed microstructures organized in intertwined filaments of microspherules: a texture we have also found on samples of terrestrial (biogenic) stromatolites and other microbialites. We performed a quantitative image analysis to compare images (n=45) of microbialites with the images (n=30) photographed by the rover (corresponding, approximately, to 25,000/15,000 microstructures). Contours were extracted and morphometric indexes were obtained: geometric and algorithmic complexities, entropy, tortuosity, minimum and maximum diameters. Terrestrial and Martian textures present a multifractal aspect. Mean values and confidence intervals from the Martian images overlapped perfectly with those from the terrestrial samples. The probability of this occurring by chance is 1/2 8 , less than p<0.004. Terrestrial abiogenic pseudostromatolites showed a simple fractal structure and different morphometric values from those of the terrestrial biogenic stromatolite images or Martian images with a less ordered texture (p<0.001). Our work shows the presumptive evidence of microbialites in the Martian outcroppings: i.e., the presence of unicellular life on the ancient Mars.
Human Resources Evaluation System in the Healthcare Setting: A Qualitative Study in Italy

In the last thirty years, many reforms have deeply changed the organizational and managerial models adopted in the Italian healthcare system with the increasing adoption of different rules focused on the efficiency and effectiveness standards in the resources allocation. As a consequence, public and private healthcare organizations pay more and more attention to their human resources by searching and implementing different policies aimed to promote, develop and withhold employees with high skills and competences. In this direction, scholars and practitioners significantly and increasingly tend to focus on the evaluation system topic by trying to find the most effective models able to make the employees’ performance successful. This paper analyzes the impact of the assessment policies adopted by the organizations on the employees’ performance. In this study some relevant factors have been considered, such as the perception of equity by the employees (the concrete care providers), the leadership style, and the perception of wellbeing by the same employees within organizations. This is an exploratory study conducted through a qualitative approach by using a case study methodology. This research is grounded on an in-depth investigation of the private clinic case in the Centre-Southern Italy. This study can extend the previous theoretical and empirical contributions on the evaluation system within healthcare organizations thanks to the adoption of a wide analysis perspective, allowing to focus on aspects usually underrepresented in the existing literature, such as the perception of equity, the level of wellbeing at workplace, and the relational leadership.
Non-Identifiability of Simultaneous Spatial Autoregressive Model and Singularity of Fisher Information Matrix

Simultaneous spatial autoregressive model is widely used for spatial data analysis, observed at a set of grid points in a space. However a problem, not so well known, is that there exists no unique model unlike time series AR model for given autocovariances or spectral density. We show that such a non-identifiability of the model implies existence of multiple maximum likelihood estimates under Gaussianity and causes non-estimability of parameters and the singularity of Fisher information matrix. Several types of necessary and sufficient conditions for the singularity are given.