Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigation History of the Industrial Hg Contamination in the Nura River Watershed of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Evolution of an Adaptive Management Approach

In this paper, we briefly describe the clean-up and remediation of a major watershed in Kazakhstan, the Nura River, that was impacted by rapid industrial development during the Soviet era, leaving a legacy of mercury pollution impacting hundreds of thousands of people. Fresh waters, including rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater, man-made reservoirs and canals represent less than 3 percent of the earth’s water. Watersheds are closely linked ecosystems that are natural units of analysis and management. Over the last century, the use of freshwater systems has grown at an unprecedented rate to supply and support industrial and agricultural production. Remediation of damaged watersheds and sustainable water management are important tools to minimize the impact of the human activities, especially industrial activities, on the ecosystem services provided by a healthy watershed. Based on engineering reports and data, we discuss the importance of adaptive management strategies, flexibility, and place-based Hg remediation criteria, as well as the value of stakeholder input in a polycentric project management approach.
Inverse magnetocaloric effect in the spin-1/2 Fisher's super-exchange antiferromagnet

The isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change for the exactly solved spin-1/2 Fisher's super-exchange antiferromagnet are rigorously calculated in order to examine magnetocaloric properties of the model in a vicinity of the second-order phase transition. It is shown that the large inverse magnetocaloric effect occurs around the temperature interval $T_c(h\neq0) < T < T_c(h=0)$ for any magnetic-field change $\Delta h: 0 \to h$. The most pronounced inverse magnetocaloric effect can be found for the magnetic-field change, which coincides with the critical field of a zero-temperature phase transition from the antiferromagnetically ordered ground state to the paramagnetic one.
A GRADE INDEX FOR PRUNED BUTT LOGS

Sixty-three straight pruned radiata pine butt logs 4.9 m long were sawn exclusively to 25 mm boards under a standard pattern in three timber grade studies. Produce was graded by the National Timber Grading Rules (NZS 3631 : 1978) and timber prices from the Waipa Wholesale Price List 1978 were applied. No price was available for clears so a range of three was used. Variation in the price for clears was found to have a very significant effect on log values. Because the random occurrence of resin pockets can confound results, basic data used in this paper are from grades produced when resin pockets were ignored. Results showed the production of clearwood and values and grades realised from pruned butt logs are determined by three major factors: log size, defect core size, and log conversion percentage. A Grade Index has been derived in which the relationship of these factors is expressed as: dbh x log conversion Grade Index = . defect core Data from the 3 studies were combined in a Grade Index Model which defines a pruned log value gradient, the expected outturn in clears, and gives an approximation of the proportions in other grades. Results from an independent fourth sample of 12 logs were used to validate the Grade Index Model. Because the Grade Index is an expression of the quality of pruned butt logs which may be used either predictively or reflectively, applications to stand planning, evaluations of silvicultural regimes, and evaluations of existing pruned stands are proposed. Future application of Grade Index to real stands would be facilitated by more detailed forest records on the timing, implementation, and result of pruning operations. Further research into the classification and effect of deviations from straightness in pruned butt logs is also necessary because at present the index is confined to straight logs. Because the principles are fundamental, it is likely that the Grade Index could be applied to some species other than P. radiata and adapted to accommodate other sets of grading criteria which differentiate between pith and knotty grades, clearcuttings grades, and clear grades.
Effect of Rhizobium and AM fungi inoculation on soybean

Symbiotic effectivity of two- and tripartite symbiotic agents was investigated in a pot experiment on three soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars with special regard to compatibility. Host plants were single and co-inoculated with two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and two commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) products. Significant differences were found in infectivity and effectivity of the microsymbionts. While infectivity of AMF inocula was very poor, the benefits of AMF treatments were more expressed than that of the rhizobial ones. In case of commercial AMF inoculants we should also check the effect of the ingredients of the explain medium. Keywords: Bradyrhizobium sp. , arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soybean, host compatibility, biomass
Density imprints and organisations’ survival chances: a question of organisational ancestors

While previous studies in organisational ecology have shown that the population density at the time of an organisation’s founding influences its survival chances, the present study proposes that clarity regarding the form and function of a category of organisations moderates this effect. Focusing on four industries in East Germany and their development in the aftermath of the transition from socialism to a free market economy in 1990, results support prior findings (i.e., a high population density at an organisation’s founding decreases its survival chances). However, this effect is less harmful when environmental experiences with the organisational form are small. The present study’s results contribute to the recent discussion on population density, and they highlight the importance of transition economies as research contexts for organisational ecology.
MORPHO-STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTION OF UNRIPE AND RIPE AVOCADO PERICARP ( Persea americana Mill VAR. DRYMIFOLIA) DESCRIPCI ´ ON MORFO-ESTRUCTURAL DEL PERICARPIO DEL AGUACATE ( Persea americana Mill VAR. DRYMIFOLIA) INMADURO Y MADURO

Digital Image Analysis (DIA) was applied to pericarp tissues of unripe and ripe avocado var. drymifolia with the aim to describing morpho-structural f eatures. When these tissues were observed under optical microscope, di erences were found between both ripening stages: the unripe tissue had an exocarp with single epidermis cells in vertical disposition and a mesocarp with a dispersed monolayer of isodiametrical cells; the ripe tissue showed thickened cell walls with sclerenchymal tissue formation. Parenchymal tissue presented homogeneous shape and a bigger cell size. The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy also showed di erences between the two ripening stages: unripe displayed two autofluorescence signals, corresponding to lignin and chlorophylls, while in ripe, a third signal was observed that corresponded to anthocyanins. The analysis of RGB channels analysis showed di erences, with the ripe tissue demonstrating more intensity, reflecting pigments accumulation. Regarding the fractal analysis, Fractal dimension ( FD) resulted higher for ripe tissues due to the irregular arrangement of cells whereas, FD and lacunarity ( L) analysis per tissue section demonstrated a morphology change in the section where lipid cell accumulation occurs.
The Role of Change Management in IT Systems Implementation

Implementation of IT Enterprise Systems triggers an inevitable organizational change. Managing an IT driven change requires a holistic approach to IT implementation. Such changes require an integration of best practices in project management, risk management, HR management, business process modelling, knowledge management and software development. This chapter provides an introduction to the role of change management in IT systems implementation and describes the BEST methodology with three case studies from Norway and Israel.
Immediate spatial distortions of pointing movements induced by visual landmarks

It has been suggested that humans encode the spatial locations of objects in the environment by using a multitude of spatial representations, so-called maps. To guide eye and arm movements toward visible objects, a cascade of coordinate transformations is necessary to translate the target location from retinotopic coordinates to a viewer-centered coordinate system that can be used to execute the movement (Buneo, Jarvis, Batista, & Andersen, 2002; Flanders, Tillery, & Soechting, 1992; McIntyre, Stratta, Droulez, & Lacquaniti, 2000). These spatial maps represent the location of the target in relation to the observer (egocentric information). However, we are also clearly capable of encoding and remembering the spatial relationships among different objects, invariant to the position of our body (allocentric information). Egocentric and allocentric representations have been associated with the dorsal and the ventral processing streams arising from early visual areas and terminating in the posterior parietal cortex and the inferior temporal cortex, respectively (e.g., Merigan & Maunsell, 1993). In humans, a dissociation between these two visual systems has primarily been shown in brain-damaged patients: Lesions to the dorsal stream can result in visuomotor impairment despite intact object recognition (Perenin & Vighetto, 1988), whereas lesions to the ventral stream might lead to dense object agnosia despite largely intact visuomotor functions (Goodale, Milner, Jakobson, & Carey, 1991; Milner et al., 1991). Behavioral studies in neurologically unimpaired persons have suggested that direct motor actions rely mostly on egocentric information, whereas perception and cognitive judgments rely to a larger degree on allocentric information. These studies typically show that the perception of an object is affected by the surrounding visual context, whereas a motor action in an analogous situation is not affected by it or is affected to a lesser degree. For example, in a study by Bridgeman, Peery, and Anand (1997; see also Bridgeman, Gemmer, Forsman, & Huemer, 2000), participants judged the spatial position of a target dot within a rectangular frame. When the frame was displayed to the left or right of the body midline, perceptual judgments of target position were biased in the di-
A Real-World Speech Recognition System Based on CDCPMs

In this paper a Real-World Continuous-Manner 2000-phrase Speaker-Independent Chinese Speech Recognition System is introduced, the vocabulary of which consists of 2000 Chinese phrases and each phrase is made up of 3 to 5 Chinese syllables. This system is based on a robust statistical model named Center-Distance Continuous Probability Model (CDCPM) using the Embedded Multi-Model (EMM) scheme and efficient search strategies for speech recognition. Users can speak any phrase in the vocabulary in continuous manner. The accuracy of this system is 97.4% on an average.
Social Behavior in a Herd of Captive Male Giraffes

Giraffes (Giraffa spp.) are a common feature of zoological institutions, where conditions differ from those of the wild, a reality that may cause behavioral changes. A recent management technique has been to house allmale herds in zoos that have not been selected for giraffe breeding, with breeding confined to certain zoos. To date, no studies have looked at social behavior in captive herds comprised exclusively of males. In a herd of one adult (named Emba) and two subadult male giraffes (named Rafiki and Gage), the dominant adult giraffe, Emba, demonstrated sociosexual behavior—apparent courtship, investigation, and flehmen responses—almost exclusively toward one of the subadult giraffes, Rafiki, and agonistic behavior towards both subadult giraffes. Often in combination with sociosexual behavior directed towards Rafiki, Emba displayed aggressive behavior in the form of hitting, which Rafiki rarely reciprocated. In response to Emba standing tall behind him, a dominance display, Rafiki frequently assumed a snout high posture, possibly indicating submission. In addition, behaviors regarded as affiliative, such as social rubbing and social exams, occurred between all giraffes. These behaviors varied in frequency between dyads and potentially may indicate social preferences. All giraffes attempted to mount at least once, though the two oldest conducted the majority of the mountings, and the recipient of the action was nonrandom. Ultimately, no statistical relationship was apparent between mounting and dominance.
The Act of Participating or Not: Institutional, Personal Discourses and Teacher Development

This study investigated how a small group of part-time, non-tenured language teachers, at a public university in central Mexico, responded to the opportunity of publishing their first research article. Based upon a qualitative study we explore the teachers’ discourses and the institution’s to understand the teachers’ positions towards this research project and how these teachers see their future teacher development within a specific context they share. The purpose of the project was to encourage nontenured teachers who, within the institution, have limited opportunities and financial support to develop as researchers. The latter is based on the reality that throughout Mexico as well as other parts of the world and within many disciplines, academic publishing is a strategy used to measure professional development among university teachers. Findings suggest that carrying out research and publishing are not participants’ first priorities despite their interest in gaining tenure.
Satellite observed indications of aerosol effects on warm cloud properties over Yangtze River Delta of China

Aerosol effects on summertime low warm clouds over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) are examined using co-located MODIS, CALIOP and CloudSat observations. By taking the vertical locations of aerosol and cloud layers into account, we use simultaneously observed aerosol and cloud 15 data to investigate relationships between cloud properties and the amount of aerosol particles (using aerosol optical depth, AOD, as a proxy). Also, we investigate the impact of aerosol types on the variation of cloud properties with AOD. Finally, we explore how meteorological conditions affect these relationships using ERA Interim Reanalysis data. This study shows that the relation between cloud droplet effective radius (CDR) and AOD depends on the aerosol abundance, with a different behaviour 20 for low and high AOD (i.e. AOD <> 0.3). Cloud fraction (CF) is found to be little dependent on the AOD when aerosol and cloud physically interact, but has a positive relation in case of well-separated clouds. Cloud optical Thickness (COT) is found to decrease when AOD increases, which may be due to radiative effects and retrieval artefacts caused by absorbing aerosol. Conversely, cloud top pressure (CTP) tends to increase with elevated AOD, indicating that the aerosol is not always prone to expand the vertical 25 extension. Furthermore, separation of cases with either polluted dust or smoke aerosol shows that COT and CF are smaller for clouds mixed with smoke aerosol which is ascribed to the higher absorption efficiency of smoke than dust. The variation of cloud properties with AOD is analysed for different values of relative humidity (RH) and boundary layer thermodynamic and dynamic conditions, showing that high relative humidity and upward motion of air parcels can enhance the strength of aerosol-cloud 30 interaction, especially pronounced in heavily polluted conditions than in moderately polluted conditions. Meteorological conditions play a weak role in the COT-AOD and CTP-AOD relationships throughout the range of AOD. Overall, the interpretation of the observed relationships between cloud properties and AOD requires that ambient environmental conditions are considered in addition to the aerosol and cloud parameters. 35
Measuring thaw depth beneath peat‐lined arctic streams using ground‐penetrating radar

In arctic streams, depth of thaw beneath the stream channel is likely a significant parameter controlling hyporheic zone hydrology and biogeochemical cycling. As part of an interdisciplinary study of this system, we conducted a field investigation to test the effectiveness of imaging substream permafrost using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). We investigated three sites characterized by low‐energy water flow, organic material lining the streambeds, and water depths ranging from 0·2 to 2 m. We acquired data using a 200 MHz pulsed radar system with the antennas mounted in the bottom of a small rubber boat that was pulled across the stream while triggering the radar at a constant rate. We achieved excellent results at all three sites, with a clear continuous image of the permafrost boundary both peripheral to and beneath the stream. Our results demonstrate that GPR can be an effective tool for measuring substream thaw depth. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Optimisation for Local Coupled Extreme Learning Machine Using Differential Evolution

Many strategies have been exploited for the task of reinforcing the effectiveness and efficiency of extreme learning machine (ELM), from both methodology and structure perspectives. By activating all the hidden nodes with different degrees, local coupled extreme learning machine (LC-ELM) is capable of decoupling the link architecture between the input layer and the hidden layer in ELM. Such activated degrees are jointly determined by the associated addresses and fuzzy membership functions assigned to the hidden nodes. In order to further refine the weight searching space of LC-ELM, this paper implements an optimisation, entitled evolutionary local coupled extreme learning machine (ELC-ELM). This method makes use of the differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm to optimise the hidden node addresses and the radiuses of the fuzzy membership functions, until the qualified fitness or the maximum iteration step is reached. The efficacy of the presented work is verified through systematic simulated experimentations in both regression and classification applications. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms three ELM alternatives, namely, the classical ELM, LC-ELM, and OSFuzzyELM, according to a series of reliable performances.
The grounds of criticism in poetry

The Grounds of Criticism in Poetry, Contain'd In some New Discoveries never made before, requisite for the Writing and Judging of Poems surely [1704] John Dennis 176pp An Essay on Original Genius and its Various Modes of Exertion in Philosophy and the Fine Arts, particularly in Poetry [1767] William Duff 320pp Essai sur L'Etude de la Litterature [1761] Edward Gibbon 191pp An Essay on the Study of Literature [1764] (The first English Edition) 176pp Observations on Poetry, Especially the Epic: Occasioned by the Late Poem upon Leonidas [1738] Henry Pemberton 196pp A Short View of Tragedy Its Original, Excellency, and Corruption. With some Reflections on Shakespear, and other Practitioners for the Stage [1693] Thomas Rymer 196pp Lectures on Poetry Read in the Schools of Natural Philosophy at Oxford [1742] Joseph Trapp 382pp
Atomistic potential based cohesive modeling for surface separation

An atomistic potential based (AP-based) cohesive modeling methodology is briefly presented. For this purpose, pair potentials and and multi-body potential such as EAM are considered and their softening characteristics are shown. Based on the AP-based hyperela- sicity with softening mechanism, the cohesive law in terms of cohesive traction and separation displacement is obtained. The presented method is feasible and a few remarks are given.
Impact of Basic Sanitation and Healthy Behavior to Healthy Homes Condition in Cilegon City and Kutai Kartanegara District, Indonesia

Healthy homes is a residential building that meets the health requirements as well as having healthy latrines, clean water facilities, solid waste disposal management, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that most influence to healthy homes condition in Cilegon city and Kutai Kartanegara district in Indonesia. This study was done by using analytic survey methodology with cross sectional design. The Population in this study was householders in Cilegon city and Kutai Kartanegara district with total 800 and 1,200 respondents respectively. The result showed in Cilegon city and Kutai Kartanegara district respectively that healthy homes was 46.4% and 61.3%, 55.9 % and 57.3% having a good clean water resources, 82.3% and 71.9% having good excreta disposal facilities, 42.3% and 41.7 % doing good rubbish management, 56.1% and 36.6% having good drainage. The percentage of healthy behavior was 84.4% and 52.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that waste management, drainage and personal hygiene were the most variables that influenced the healthy homes condition. As the conclusion, improving of the program and practices in basic sanitation facilities and personal hygiene is important to achieve national level of healthy community for Cilegon city and Kutai Kartanegara district.
Bounded Diagonally Stationary Sequences in Convex Optimization

Let X be a real normed linear space, f, fn, n ∈ IN, be extended real-valued proper closed convex functions on X . A sequence {xn} in X is called diagonally stationary for {fn} if for all n there exists xn ∈ ∂f(xn) such that ‖xn‖? → 0. Such sequences arise in approximation methods for the problem of minimizing f . We present some general quantitative convergence results based upon metric variational convergence theory, appropriate equi-well-posedness and conditioning concepts for the limit function f , and Fejér monotonicity.
Comparing climate strategies: Economic optimization versus equitable burden-sharing

Climate policy addresses a global problem, with costs and benefits distributed unevenly around the world. Questions of efficiency and equity are central to the allocation of costs; they are typically handled either by modeling optimal policies based on economic efficiency, or by setting standards that embody principles of equity. In this analysis, we employ our Climate and Regional Economics of Development (CRED) integrated assessment model to assess the optimal international allocation of effort. We compare CRED scenarios to the results of an equity-oriented burden-sharing framework, Greenhouse Development Rights (GDRs), which allocates effort to countries based on their responsibility (emissions) and capacity (income). We calibrate CRED to generate a scenario comparable to the GDRs reference case, or business as usual. We then recalibrate CRED to generate a mitigation scenario comparable to the GDRs emergency reduction scenario, which preserves a high likelihood of staying below 2°C. Finally, we compare the share of global effort allocated to high-income countries in the CRED mitigation scenario and the GDRs emergency reduction scenario, finding them to be similar in both models. Comparing climate strategies: Economic optimization versus equitable burden-sharing WP-US-1104 1 Copyright © 2011 by the Stockholm Environment Institute This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes, without special permission from the copyright holder(s) provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purpose, without the written permission of the copyright holder(s). For more information about this document, contact Frank Ackerman at frank.ackerman@sei-us.org. Stockholm Environment Institute US 11 Curtis Avenue Somerville, MA 02144-1224, USA www.sei-us.org and www.sei-international.org Comparing climate strategies: Economic optimization versus equitable burden-sharing WP-US-1104