Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi-band integrated virtual calibration-inversion method for open path FTIR spectrometry

This paper addresses problems arising from in situ measurement of gas content and temperature. Such measurements can be considered indirect. Transmittance or natural radiation of a gas is measured directly. The latter method (spectral radiation measurement) is often called spectral remote sensing. Its primary uses are in astronomy and in the measurement of atmospheric composition. In industrial processes, in situ spectroscopic measurements in the plant are often made with an open path Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The main difficulty in this approach is related to the calibration process, which often cannot be carried out in the manner used in the laboratory. Spectral information can be obtained from open path spectroscopic measurements using mathematical modeling, and by solving the inverse problem. Determination of gas content based on spectral measurements requires comparison of the measured and modeled spectra. This paper proposes a method for the simultaneous use of multiple lines to determine the gas content. The integrated absorptions of many spectral lines permits calculation of the average band absorption. An inverse model based on neural networks is used to determine gas content based on mid-infrared spectra at variable temperatures.
MSPT : Motion Simulator for Proton Therapy

En proton therapie, la technique de balayage, permet de traiter efficacement le patient vis a vis de l'irradiation de la tumeur et la protection des tissus sains. Ces benefices dosimetriques peuvent cependant etre grandement degrades par les mouvements intra-fraction. Par consequent, l'etude de methodes d'attenuation ou d'adaptation est necessaire. C'est pour cela, que nous avons developpe un logiciel ”open-source” de calcul et d'evaluation de dose en 4D, MSPT (Motion Simulator for Proton Therapy), pour la technique de balayage. Son but est de mettre en avant l'impact des mouvements intra-fraction en calculant la repartition de dose dans le patient. En outre, l'utilisation de MSPT nous a permis de mettre au point et de proposer une nouvelle methode d'attenuation du mouvement basee sur l'ajustement du poids du faisceau quand celui-ci balaye la tumeur. En photon therapie, un enjeu principal pour les traitements delivres a l'aide de collimateurs multi-lames (MLC) consiste a trouver un ensemble de configurations du MLC permettant d'irradier correctement la tumeur. L'efficacite d'un tel ensemble se mesure par le total beam-on time et le total setup time. Dans notre etude, nous nous interessons a la minimisation de ces criteres, d'un point de vue algorithmique, pour de nouvelles technologies de MLC: le MLC rotatif et le MLC a double couche. De plus, nous proposons un algorithme d'approximation pour trouver un ensemble de configurations minimisant le total beam-on time pour le MLC rotatif
Breastfeeding: a natural defence against obesity?

Today, obesity represents one of the most serious health problems facing both children and adults. Childhood obesity has several causes, including genetic factors, dietary habits, personal behaviours, and interaction of all of these. It often leads to adult obesity, which causes health problems including heart disease, diabetes, and even early death. Thus, many studies have investigated possible measures to prevent childhood obesity, and breastfeeding is considered an important early preventive intervention. Despite the fact that several milk formulas have been demonstrated to be safe and effective for feeding both term and premature infants, for its immunological and nutritional qualitative advantages, human milk is nowadays universally recognized as the optimal feeding choice for healthy, sick and preterm infants. To date, it is however still unclear whether breastfeeding can prevent childhood obesity. In fact, literature data provide controversial results, probably due to several confounding factors, including maternal habits, age, level of education, lifestyle, race, parity, pregnancy complications, types of delivery, and infant health factors. Thus, whether breastfeeding protects against obesity is still unclear. Further researches, by reducing the influence of confounding factors and improving the accuracy of the effect estimate, are needed to confirm the validity of the role of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of developing childhood overweight. This review briefly summarizes what is known on the possible relationship between breastfeeding and prevention of obesity development.
Diffusion of information and communication technology: a community of practice perspective

This chapter explains the community of practice (COP) concept from the perspective of three major Australian construction contractors. It also describes and provides an analysis of their COPs from the perspective of the individual, work group, and organisation. We provide maps of these COPs for each of the three contractors studied. The intention of using this approach is to offer readers insights into how these COPs can be developed and supported. The study we base this chapter upon focussed on groupware as an ICT initiative being rolled out using COPs as an integral part of the innovation diffusion strategy. Case study findings relating to these COPs reveal that they are not only supported by ICT, but also that ICT itself supports these COPs in a self-referential and synergistic way. The important contribution that this chapter makes to our understanding of the studied phenomenon was not only the 'what' or descriptive nature of these COPs, but also insights that help us understand the 'how' of the process, so that lessons learned may be absorbed and diffused more widely in the construction industry.
Performance of GDC-Impregnated Ni Anodes of SOFCs

Ni electrodes impregnated with nanosized electrocatalytic active (Gd, Ce)O 2 (GDC) particles were fabricated and investigated as anodes for H 2 oxidation reaction in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Incorporation of nanosized ionic conducting GDC particles significantly reduced the electrode interface resistance and polarization potential. With the impregnation of 8.5 vol % GDC in Ni anodes, the electrode interface resistance was 0.71 Ω cm 2 at 800°C, close to the good performance value of 0.24 Ω cm 2 reported on Ni (50 vol %)/YSZ (50 vol %) cermet anodes at the same temperature. Nanosized GDC particles were deposited on the surface of Ni grains, forming a thin and uniform GDC layer. Such a unique microstructure shows a potential application as direct methane oxidation anodes for SOFCs based on natural gas fuel.
The Shiftability of Protein Coding Genes: The Genetic Code Was Optimized for Frameshift Tolerating

The genetic code defines the relationship between a protein and its coding DNA sequence. It was presumed that most frameshifts would yield non-functional, truncated or cytotoxic products. In this study, we report that in E. coli a frameshift β-lactamase (bla) gene is still functional if all of the inner stop codons were readthrough or replaced by a sense codon. By analyzing a large dataset including all available protein coding genes in major model organisms, it is demonstrated that in any species, and in any protein-coding genes, the three translational products from the three different reading frames, are always similar to each other and with constant ~50% similarities and ~100% coverages, and the similarities is predefined by the genetic code rather than the sequences themselves, suggesting that the genetic code was optimized for frameshift tolerating in the early evolution, which endows every protein coding gene a shiftability, an inherent and everlasting ability to tolerate frameshift mutations, and serves as an innate mechanism for cells to deal with the frameshift problem. In addition, it is likely that every protein-coding gene can be translated into three isoforms from the three different reading frames, we proposed a new gene expression paradigm, “one gene, three translations”, which is an amendment to the “one gene, one/multiple peptides” hypotheses.
Abstrak— Pemakaian aluminium khususnya pada industry otomotif seperti pembuatan piston, blok mesin, cylinder head, valve dan sebagainya dituntut memiliki

Abstrak— Pemakaian aluminium khususnya pada industry otomotif seperti pembuatan piston, blok mesin, cylinder head, valve dan sebagainya dituntut memiliki kekuatan dan termal stress yang baik. Paduan Al-10,5Si merupakan paduan yang cocok untuk dijadikan bahan untuk pembuatan piston motor karena memiliki sifat tahan terhadap korosi serta kekuatan yang baik dan juga sangat ringan. Selain itu paduan ini juga memiliki koefisien pemuaian termal yang rendah dan sebagai penghantar panas yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh penambahan tembaga terhadap sifat mekanik dan struktur mikro pada paduan Al-Si-Cu. Paduan tersebut nantinya akan dipadukan dengan variasi prosentase tembaga sebesar 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 wt%. Dilebur didalam tungku dan dibiarkan membeku dalam krusibel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tembaga menaikkan sifat mekanik. Nilai kekerasan tertinggi terdapat pada 4 wt% Cu yaitu 92,2 HB, dan nilai terendah terdapat pada 0 wt% Cu yaitu 83 HB. Koefisien ekspansi termal menurun dengan penambahan tembaga. Nilai terendah terdapat pada paduan dengan 4 wt% Cu yaitu 205,5x10 -6 /°C, dan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada paduan dengan 2 wt% Cu yaitu 230x10 -6 /°C.
Sliding Mode Observer Based SensorlessControl of BLDC Motor under DTC Scheme

Direct Torque Control (DTC) is a method to control the torque in variable frequency drives. This paper describes sensorless DTC of brushless dc (BLDC) motor drive operating in constant torque region under two phase conduction mode to get instantaneous torque control. Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) which is robust to parameter uncertainties is proposed to estimate the phase-to-phase trapezoidal back-EMF for the sensorless operation. This estimated back-EMF is used to deduce the rotor position and the angular velocity of the rotor. And instantaneous electromagnetic torque can be calculated by the product of back-EMF and current.In this paper the effectiveness of sliding mode observer with signum and saturation functions for DTC scheme is investigated.
Application of CRISPR/cas9-Directed Homologous Recombination to the Generation of Human Tumor Cells with Conditional Knockout of an X-Linked MicroRNA Locus

Studying the cellular function of microRNAs requires genetic strategies to generate their loss-of-function. Recently, a novel approach of targeted genomic deletion was proposed, which is based on induction of site-specific DNA cuts with Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes, combined with homologous recombination-dependent insertion of cassettes that contain sequences for Cre-lox or FLP-FRT systems. Here, we provide a technical report describing application of this CRISPR/Cas9-directed homologous recombination procedure to the generation of human tumor cells in which conditional knockout of an X-linked cluster of microRNAs (miR-105/miR-767) can be induced. We describe the successive steps of genetic engineering and cell clone selection that allowed us to generate cells with the expected genome editing.
NEW PULSATING DB WHITE DWARF STARS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY

We are searching for new He atmosphere white dwarf pulsators (DBVs) based on the newly found white dwarf stars from the spectra obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. DBVs pulsate at hotter temperature ranges than their better known cousins, the H atmosphere white dwarf pulsators (DAVs or ZZ Ceti stars). Since the evolution of white dwarf stars is characterized by cooling, asteroseismological studies of DBVs give us opportunities to study white dwarf structure at a different evolutionary stage than the DAVs. The hottest DBVs are thought to have neutrino luminosities exceeding their photon luminosities, a quantity measurable through asteroseismology. Therefore, they can also be used to study neutrino physics in the stellar interior. So far we have discovered nine new DBVs, doubling the number of previously known DBVs. Here we report the new pulsators' light curves and power spectra.
Making sense of tragedy: the ‘reputational’ antecedents of a hospital disaster

This article explores the workings of Reputational Dialogues (RD) (as a form of organizational discourse); within the setting of a UK NHS hospital that has encountered disaster. The disaster in question took place at the Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI), circa 1984-1995; and is thought to have incurred the deaths of 34 ‘special heart babies’. The article explores patterns of RD utilization associated with the tragedy. Transcripts from the hearings of an inquiry into the disaster are used to access these patterns– if within specific limits and constraints that are discussed in the article. The article seeks to comment on the workings of RDs within the BRI disaster setting and considers, tentatively, how these dialogues may have helped to institutionalize dominant and (counter-cultural beliefs) about the BRI and its reputation as a provider of cardiovascular care to young children. Overall, the article contributes to organization theory by beginning the process of observing the institutionalization of RD and its by-products, as organizational phenomena.
The Effect of Marketing Spending on Sales in the Premium Car Segment: New Evidence from Germany

This paper assesses empirically the relationship between marketing expenditures and sales in the premium car segment in Germany. We employ a new data-set which contains model-specific data on sales (i.e. registrations), restyling activities and marketing expenditures at a monthly basis for the years 1998 to 2007. The richness of our data in the time dimension allows for a systematic modeling of product life cycle effects which have been partly ignored in the existing empirical literature. We find a robust positive marketing-sales relationship, even after common characteristics of the product life cycle have been taken into account. Furthermore, our results indicate that the launching of a new model, face lifts and customized packages appear to exert a positive and sizeable effect on sales in the German premium car segment.
The radial structure of the ion‐temperature‐gradient‐driven mode

An analysis of the radial structure of the ion‐temperature‐gradient‐driven mode is presented and the dependence of the radial correlation length Lr on parameters such as magnetic shear is discussed. It is found that Lr decreases algebraically with increasing shear for moderate to large shear values, and it decreases exponentially with decreasing shear for low shear values. These results seem in qualitative agreement with several experiments which observe strong reduction of the transport coefficients close to the magnetic axis.
Trans-generational immune priming is constrained by the maternal immune response in an insect

Immune-challenged vertebrate and invertebrate females can transfer immunity to their off spring. Th is trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) is benefi cial for the off spring if the maternal infection risk persists across generations. However, because immunity is costly, fi tness consequences of TGIP have been found in primed off spring. Furthermore, transferring immunity to off spring may be costly for immune-challenged females who are also carrying the costs of their immune response. A negative relationship between levels of immunity between mothers and off spring might therefore be expected. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that in the insect, Tenebrio molitor , the magnitude of antibacterial immune response of immune-challenged females negatively correlates with levels of antibacterial activity of their eggs. Th is negative relationship was only present in small females that are inherently of lower quality. Furthermore, female body size did not aff ect immune responsiveness to the challenge, indicating that small females favoured their immunity at the expenses of that of their eggs.
American baby-losers? Robust indirect comparison of affluence across generations *

We propose an indirect and robust method to detect a change in the concentration of economic affluence defined as an aggregate measure of the command over lifetime resources when the full stream of income receipts along the life cycle is unknown and only consumption surveys are available. The method relies on a new stochastic ordering, the “Generalized Top Lorenz” and the key-property of concavity of consumption with respect to wealth. Our application on US data for the period 1980-2002 shows a moderate increase in economic affluence and points out the di¢ cult start in life of people belonging to the "Baby loser generation" (people born in the sixties).
A Survey on Heart Disease Prediction System Using Data Mining Techniques

paper intends to provide a survey of current techniques of knowledge discovery in databases using data mining techniques which will be useful for medical practitioners to take effective decision. The objective of this research work is to predict more accurately the presence of heart disease with reduced number of attributes. Four classifiers like Naive Bayes, Neural network, WAC algorithms are used to predict the diagnosis of patients, whereas WAC provides the accurate result when compared to other algorithms. Data mining used to gather, store, analyze and integrate biological information which can then be used for discovery and development. Medical Data mining in healthcare is regarded as an important yet complicated task that needs to be executed accurately and efficiently. Healthcare data mining attempts to solve real world health problems in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This survey paper aims to analyze the several data mining techniques proposed in recent years for the diagnosis of heart disease. Many researchers used data mining techniques in the diagnosis of diseases such as tuberculosis, diabetes, cancer and heart disease, in which several data mining techniques are used in the diagnosis of heart disease such as KNN, Neural Networks, and Bayesian classification. Classification based on clustering, Decision Tree, Genetic Algorithm, Naive Bayes, Decision tree, WAC which are showing accuracy at different levels. Using medical profile such as age, sex, blood pressure and blood sugar we can easily predict the likelihood of patients getting heart disease. In this paper we have evaluated the performance of new classification approach that uses the experienced Doctor's knowledge to assign the weight to each attribute. More weight is assigned to the attribute having high impact on disease prediction.
A global take on congestion in urban areas

We analyze the congestion data collected by a GPS device company (TomTom) for almost 300 urban areas in the world. Using simple scaling arguments and data fitting we show that congestion during peak hours in large cities grows essentially as the square root of the population density. This result, at odds with previous publications showing that gasoline consumption decreases with density, confirms that density is indeed an important determinant of congestion, but also that we need urgently a better theoretical understanding of this phenomena. This incomplete view at the urban level leads thus to the idea that thinking about density by itself could be very misleading in congestion studies, and that it is probably more useful to focus on the spatial redistribution of activities and residences.
The effect of green oak acorn (Quercus ilex) based diet on growth performance and meat fatty acid composition of broilers.

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of oak acorns and corn on broilers growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat fatty acid (FA) composition according to different ages of broilers. Two separate groups of 400 male broilers, reared for six weeks, were fed diets containing 33.5% green oak acorns (GO) and 67% of corn (C), respectively. At day 35, the body weight of the chickens fed the GO diet was 12% lower (p<0.05) compared with controls (C). However, at day 56 birds reached similar final weights. Abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) was 78% higher in the controls compared to those fed the oak acorn-based diet. The total lipids (TL) of thigh muscle were higher in the controls compared to dietary treatment GO (3.1 against 2.5 g/100 g of muscle). There were significant differences in fatty acid (FA) composition of the muscle between two groups. The broilers fed oak acorn exhibited more C18:2, as well as a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA:SFA (saturated fatty acid) ratio than those on the control diet, but no significant differences were observed among groups for the age of birds. There was a higher proportion of linolenic acid in broilers fed the oak acorn compared to the controls (0.8 vs. 0.6%). Furthermore, linolenic acid content decreased with age (p<0.001) in both groups. The results indicated no significant differences in FA with the age of birds. In conclusion, the meat fatty acids provided by the GO diet appeared to improve the nutritional quality preferred by the consumer.
Detection of Aflatoxins and Use of Scanning Electron Microscope for the Identification of Fungal species in Some Commonly Used Spices

There is a possibility for the presence of fungi as well as mycotoxins in spices due to the improper methods used before and after harvesting, without controlling temperature and moisture during prolong storage period or may be during transportation. The purpose of this study was to detect and identify fungal contamination in some commonly used spices in Pakistan. Spices are available in Pakistan markets in loose packing and they are easily contaminated with dust, waste water and human/animal excreta. In present study five different spices such as black pepper (Piper nigrum), cardamom large (Amomum subulatum), cinnamon (Cinamomum zeylanicum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and red chili (Capsicum annuum) were used for detection of fungus as well as aflatoxins. During fungal contamination test out of five spices, with the exception cinnamon all four spices were found contaminated with various fungal species. The most common organisms identified were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus ellipticus. In total, twelve different fungal species have been detected and also identified through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay was performed for aflatoxins detection and the results revealed that red chili was heavily contaminated with aflatoxins than other selected spices.