Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide exchange above a Mediterranean C3/C4 grassland during two climatologically contrasting years

Eddy‐covariance measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) were carried out above a grazed Mediterranean C3/C4 grassland in southern Portugal, during two hydrological years, 2004–2005 and 2005–2006, of contrasting rainfall. Here, we examine the seasonal and interannual variation in NEE and its major components, gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco), in terms of the relevant biophysical controls. The first hydrological year was dry, with total precipitation 45% below the long‐term mean (669 mm) and the second was normal, with total precipitation only 12% above the long‐term mean. The drought conditions during the winter and early spring of the dry year limited grass production and the leaf area index (LAI) was very low. Hence, during the peak of the growth period, the maximum daily rate of NEE and the light‐use and water‐use efficiencies were approximately half of those observed in the normal year. In the summer of 2006, the warm‐season C4 grass, Cynodon dactylon L. , exerted an evident positive effect on NEE by converting the ecosystem into a carbon sink after strong rain events and extending the carbon sequestration for several days, after the end of senescence of the C3 grasses. On an annual basis, the GPP and NEE were 524 and 49 g C m−2, respectively, for the dry year, and 1261 and −190 g C m−2 for the normal year. Therefore, the grassland was a moderate net source of carbon to the atmosphere, in the dry year, and a considerable net carbon sink, in the normal year. In these 2 years of experiment the total amount of precipitation was the main factor determining the interannual variation in NEE. In terms of relevant controls, GPP and NEE were strongly related to incident photosynthetic photon flux density on short‐term time scales. Changes in LAI explained 84% and 77% of the variation found in GPP and NEE, respectively. Variations in Reco were mainly controlled by canopy photosynthesis. After each grazing event, the reduction in LAI affected negatively the NEE.
Comparison of plasma phyto-oestrogen levels in sheep and cattle after feeding on fresh clover

Wethers and heifers were fed on freshly cut pasture (red clover, Mt. Barker or Tallarook subterranean clover, or ryegrass) and the blood plasma concentration of the phyto-oestrogens and their metabolites estimated 5 hr, 24 hr, and 6 days after the beginning of the feeding. The heifers were allowed to graze the pastures after the first day. On the basis of increase in teat length in the wethers, red clover and Tallarook were estimated to have equivalent oestrogenicity ; Mt. Barker was much less active. Qualitatively, the metabolism of formononetin and biochanin A appeared similar in the two species, but there was evidence that the rates of metabolism and of conjugation were faster in cattle than in sheep. The findings are discussed in relation to an infertility syndrome in dairy cattle.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF THE BRYOPSIDALES (ULVOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA) BASED ON RUBISCO LARGE SUBUNIT GENE SEQUENCES 1

Current taxonomy of the Bryopsidales recognizes eight families; most of which are further categorized into two suborders, the Bryopsidineae and Halimedineae. This concept was supported by early molecular phylogenetic analyses based on rRNA sequence data, but subsequent cladistic analyses of morphological characters inferred monophyly in only the Halimedineae. These conflicting results prompted the current analysis of 32 taxa from this diverse group of green algae based on plastid‐encoded RUBISCO large subunit (rbcL) gene sequences. Results of these analyses suggested that the Halimedineae and Bryopsidineae are distinct monophyletic lineages. The families Bryopsidaceae, Caulerpaceae, Codiaceae, Derbesiaceae, and Halimediaceae were inferred as monophyletic, however the Udoteaceae was inferred as non‐monophyletic. The phylogenetic position of two taxa with uncertain subordinal affinity, Dichotomosiphon tuberosus Lawson and Pseudocodium floridanum Dawes & Mathieson, were also inferred. Pseudocodium was consistently placed within the halimedinean clade suggesting its inclusion into this suborder, however familial affinity was not resolved. D. tuberosus was the inferred sister taxon of the Halimedineae based on analyses of rbcL sequence data and thus a possible member of this suborder.
An Efficient Software Error Prediction and Recommend System

This present paper proposes the while its beginning, and past years software testing has been involved. Modern technology in software is using Artificial Intelligent and machine learning for advancing the technology. According to software engineering various techniques are analysed depending on the required predictions. Here in order to give the importance for the development of software defect prediction technique helps foe testers to focus on modules that defect prone. Depending on the development aspect the literature survey states various techniques based on features that are mostly captured for the prediction of defects. So in this paper we give a novel machine learning technique which is the foremost objective for finding prospective areas defects by considering various parameters like system testing metrics and unique parameters called ‘Component Dependency Score’. By applying element determination method we can reduce the words present in defect information and also there will be an expansion in precision so that both systems can build the additional qualities like precision and reducing defect reports or words. Depending on this new technique we can reduce the defect information sets for getting 71.8 percent exactness for reducing the request. The present issue reducing information to defect and increase the information set of defect in two viewpoints such as all the while diminish the sizes of defect extent and the word extent and to enhance the precision of defect triage. So we propose a mix way for dealing with of attention of issuing for reducing information. This is viewed as an example for purpose of choice highlighting in defecting store house. So we construct a parallel categoriser for expecting the request in determination of applying example and highlighting choices. Here the request for applying occurrence in highlighting the choices is not yet related to the research space.
Reactive Power Control for Grid Tied PVG System with ANN Based Transformerless Inverter

The Rise in power demand with growing population across the world has led to the development of renewable energy sources. Amongst all the renewable energy sources PV power generation system proves to be more superior and efficient than other renewable sources. Recent innovations in transformerless inverters have proven to be efficient and reliable than conventional ones. The major difficulty in handling the transformerless inverter is the leakage currents, which is for the reason that parasitic capacitance is in between PV array and ground. This leakage current leads to several protection issues along with unstable CM voltages. Here the recommendedtransformerless inverter aimed at grid connected PV system has capability to reduce leakage currents. It also provides the required reactive power to the system to maintain constant CM voltage. To provide high quality current injection in to the grid, PR controller and fuzzy controller are used. In this study the detailed analysis of the operating modes of the H6 PV transformer less inverter system, investigation of the leakage currents and outcomesobtained in MATLAB simulation are to be presented.
Weeds Detection in Agricultural Fields using Convolutional Neural Network

Weeds are very annoying for farmers and also not very good for the crops. Its existence might damage the growth of the crops. Therefore, weed control is very important for farmers. Farmers need to ensure their agricultural fields are free from weeds for at least once a week, whether they need to spray weeds herbicides to their plantation or remove it using tools or manually. The aim of this research is to build an automated weed control robot using the Lego Mindstorm EV3 which connected to a computer. The robot consists of motors, servo motors and a camera which we use to capture the image of the crops and weeds. An automated image classification system has been designed to differentiate between weeds and crops. The robot will spray the weed herbicides directly to the area that have been detected weeds near or at it. For the image classification method, we employ the convolutional neural network algorithm to process the image of the object. Therefore, by the use of technology especially in artificial intelligence, farmers can reduce the amount of workload and workforce they need to monitor their plantation. In addition, this technology also can improve the quality of the crops.
The Dark Triad and Honesty-Humility: A Preliminary Study on the Relations to Pornography Use

The present article reports on a preliminary study exploring the relationships between Dark Triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) and honesty-humility personality traits and pornography craving and deviant pornography use in a sample of 121 participants (46 men and 75 women) who completed an online survey. Narcissism and psychopathy were positively related to pornography craving and deviant pornography consumption, while honesty-humility appeared to be negatively associated with these pornography-related variables. Furthermore, the data suggested that these relationships were only present in men and not in women. While the current results should be interpreted with caution in the light of a number of limitations (i.e., small sample size, mainly well-educated participants), these results fit with the notion that men are more characterized by anti-social personality traits than women, and hence also have a greater inclination to engage in immoral and sexually deviating actions.
Relating Riparian Vegetation to Present and Future Streamflows

The intense demand for river water in arid regions is resulting in widespread changes in riparian vegetation. We present a direct gradient method to predict the vegetation change resulting from a proposed upstream dam or diversion. Our method begins with the definition of vegetative cover types, based on a census of the existing vegetation in a set of 1 ° 2 m plots. A hydraulic model determines the discharge necessary to inundate each plot. We use the hydrologic record, as defined by a flow duration curve, to determine the inundation duration for each plot. This allows us to position cover types along a gradient of inundation duration. A change in river management results in a new flow duration curve, which is used to redistribute the cover types among the plots. Changes in vegetation are expressed in terms of the area occupied by each cover type. We applied this approach to riparian vegetation of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument along the Gunnison River in Colorado. We used TWINSPAN to cluster plots according to species occurrence. This analysis defined three vegetative cover types that were distinct in terms of inundation duration. Quantitative changes in the extent of cover types were estimated for three hypothetical flow regimes: two diversion alternatives with different minimum flows and a moving average modification of historical flows. Our results suggest that (1) it is possible to cause substantial changes in riparian vegetation without changing mean annual flow, and (2) riparian vegetation is especially sensitive to changes in minimum and maximum flows. Principal advantages of this method are simplicity and reliance on relatively standard elements of plant community ecology and hydrologic engineering. Limitations include use of a single environmental gradient, restrictive assumptions about changes in channel geometry, representation of vegetation as quasi—equilibrium cover types, and the need for model validation.
The permeability of heterocysts to the gases nitrogen and oxygen

Heterocysts of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae retina gas vacuoles for several days after differentiation. It is demonstrated that the rate of gas diffusion into a heterocyst that is near an overlying gas phase can be determined approximately from observations on the rate of gas pressure rise required to collapse 50% of its gas vacuoles. The mean permeability coefficient (α) of heterocysts O2 and N2 was found to be 0.3s-1. From this it was calculated that the average permeability (k) of the heterocyst surface layer is about 0.4 μm s-1 (within a factor of 2). This is probably within the range that could be provided by a few layers of the 26-C glycolipids in the heterocyst envelope. It is likely, but not proven, that the main route for gas diffusion is through the envelope rather than through the terminal pores of the heterocyst. From measurements of cell nitrogen content (2.7 pg). doubling time (3 days) and heterocyst: vegetative cell ratio (1:24) it was calculated that the average heterocyst fixed 5.9 x 10-18 mol N2 s-1; this must equal the diffusion rate of N2 inside the average heterocyst that was 22% below the outside air-saturated concentration. the maximum N2 fixation rate allowed by the estimated permeability coefficeint would be 2.7 x 10-17 mol s-1 per heterocyst, slightly greater than the maximum calcualted N2 fixation rate. The observed permeability coefficient is low enough for the oxygen concentration in the heterocyst to be maintained close to zero by the probable rate of respiration, providing an anaerobic environment for nitrogenase. The rate of O2 diffusion will limit the N2-fixation rate in the dark by limiting the rate at which ATP is supplied by oxidative phosphorylation.
Psycho-Educational Problems in Large Academic Classes: Learning Motivation within Psycho-Educational Atmosphere

The current study was focused on the differences between university students’ satisfactory levels in four major psycho-educational domains in terms of large size classes and regular classes. The role of class size in students’ academic performance was also studied by using the criterion of General Point Average (GPA). The research was conducted in three stages involving 40 students at the stage A, 147 students at stage B and 84 students at stage C. All samples were selected by using systematic multistage random sampling method. Using the scale of Student Satisfaction of Class Size-Normal/Large, and applying bivariate correlation and ttest for independent samples, the study revealed that students who participated in large classes showed significantly t(82)=7.575, (P<0.000) dissatisfaction in all four main psycho-educational domains including psycho-educational atmosphere, group interactions, concentration and learning and learning motivation. The results also revealed that academic performance in large classes is lower than regular classes. There were not significant differences between sample groups in terms of age and gender.
Effect of Ni Content on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Mg

Mg-based alloys, Mg 1.9Cu0. 1Niχ (χ = 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1), were fabricated through high-energy ball milling, and the effects of nickel content on the electrochemical characteristics have been investigated. A high discharge capacity of 490 mAhg −1 was observed forχ = 1.8, compared with 435 mAhg −1 for χ = 2.1. As to capacity degradation, 66.7 % of initial capacity was lost after 15 cycles for χ = 1.8, while only 47.2 % forχ = 2.1. Cyclic Voltammograms (CV) indicates that nickel can help maintain redox reaction current and consequently improve the cycle performance. The X-ray mapping analysis indicates that Mg, Ni, and Cu are uniformly distributed in the particles. The O content in the alloy electrodes after 15 cycles decreases with the increase of Ni content in the alloys, suggesting that Ni can efficiently suppress the formation of Mg(OH)2. The linear polarization curves show that the exchange current density, namely the rate of hydriding/dehydriding, increases from 13 mAg−1 to 133 mAg−1 when the nickel content varies from 1.8 to 2.1. This is also considered as a reason for the observed improved capacity stability.
Map Reduce clustering in Incremental Big Data processing

An advanced Incremental processing technique is planned for data examination in knowledge to have the clustering results inform. Data is continuously arriving by different data generating factors like social network, online shopping, sensors, e-commerce etc. [1]. On account of this Big Data the consequences of data mining applications getting stale and neglected after some time. Cloud knowledge applications regularly perform iterative calculations (e.g., PageRank) on continuously converting datasets. Though going before trainings grow Map-Reduce aimed at productive iterative calculations, it's miles also pricey to carry out a whole new big-ruler Map-Reduce iterative task near well-timed quarter new adjustments to fundamental records sets. Our usage of MapReduce keeps running [4] scheduled a big cluster of product technologies and is incredibly walkable: an ordinary Map-Reduce computation procedure several terabytes of records arranged heaps of technologies. Processor operator locates the machine clean to apply: masses of MapReduce applications, we look at that during many instances, The differences result separate a totally little part of the data set, and the recently iteratively merged nation is very near the recently met state. I2MapReduce clustering adventures this commentary to keep re-calculated by way of beginning after the before affected national [2], and by using acting incremental up-dates on the converging information. The approach facilitates in enhancing the process successively period and decreases the jogging period of stimulating the consequences of big data.
EVALUATING HEALTHCARE PERFORMANCE USING FUZZY LOGIC

The basic determining elements of healthcare services are the patient’s satisfaction with the service provided by hospitals, which includes behavioural and sentimental aspects and the quality and efficiency of the hospitals themselves. Patients are sometimes very confused, and so express their views very vaguely. These imprecise responses of patients add to the complexity of evaluating quality. The involvement of multiple criteria, uncertainty, and qualitative factors significantly complicates the evaluation of the quality of a healthcare service. Fuzzy logic is a method by which indistinct or hazy responses can be taken up for quality analysis, such as the prioritisation of hospitals, departments, dimensions, etc. A pilot study was carried out in this study comprising 18 private hospitals with more than 100 beds that were selected in the twin city of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack in the state of Odisha, India. Nine quality dimensions were also selected from those used in the literature. A questionnaire survey was conducted in different departments of the hospitals using the nine dimensions. Patients’ responses on a five-point Likert scale were first analysed statistically. Then ranking the dimensions and the hospitals was carried out using fuzzy analysis. The results could be used by healthcare service providers continually to improve their organisation.
Irrigation, Mulches, and Fumigants on Tomato Performance in Sandy Soils

Current best management practice programs in Florida aim to reduce water volumes needed for producing vegetable crops. Therefore, irrigation practices that save water while maintaining the economic sustainability of those crops are desirable. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of water management regimes on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production and assess the effects of highly retentive mulches and methyl bromide alternatives on water volumes necessary for tomato irrigation. Twelve treatments resulted from combinations of fumigant, mulches, and irrigation programs. The combinations of fumigants and mulches were as follows: a) methyl bromide + chloropicrin (67:33 v/v) at a rate of 196 kg·ha−1 under metalized mulch; b) 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin (65:35 v/v) at 150 L·ha−1 under metalized mulch; and c) 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin (65:35 v/v) at 300 L·ha−1 under high-density polyethylene mulch. Irrigation methods were seepage (subsurface) irrigation alone at 5000 and 10,000 m3/ha per season and the same seepage irrigation volumes combined with a drip irrigation volume of 3500 m3/ha per season. Increasing seepage volume from 5000 and 10,000 m3/ha in combination with drip irrigation did not increase average soil moisture, which ranged from 9.0% to 10.3%. Irrigation volumes affected soil moisture when only seepage irrigation was provided, with values increasing from 9.4% to 11.9% when water volumes increased from 5000 to 10,000 m3/ha, respectively. Only irrigation affected total marketable fruit weight. Adding drip irrigation to seepage-treated plots positively affected fruit weight, increasing yields from 36.5 Mg·ha−1 in plots with only seepage to 39.5 Mg·ha−1. Increasing seepage irrigation from 5000 to 10,000 m3/ha in plots under drip irrigation improved yield from 34.5 to 44.5 Mg·ha−1. However, increasing seepage volumes in plots without drip irrigation did not affect tomato total marketable yields.
FRUCTOSE EFFECTS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND URIC ACID LEVELS

This study aims to show the effects of fructose on human health with approach animal sample research. Interest is based on the due to problems of excess sugar consumption, especially the type of fructose that many peoples don’t know realize it. This objective is supported by the data world sugar consumption is constantly increasing. Consumption of fructose over the normal limit will increase the risk of disease. The focus of this research parameter are the blood glucose levels and uric acid. This study design was Randomized Post Test Control Group Design uses the subject of male white rats Rattus norvegicus (n = 39). The research subjects were then divided into three groups. The control group K (n = 13) was administered 1 cc of distilled water, the low dose group P1 (n = 13) was given a solution of fructose 1 cc at a dose of 450 mg/150grBW/day and the high dose group of P2 (n = 13) was given a solution of fructose 1.5 cc at a dose of 1350 mg/ 150grBW/day. Treatment of the subjects during for 30 days. Test results on blood glucose levels an increase of 46% (P <0.05) in the high-dose nor in uric acid levels also increased 48% in the high dose (P <0.05). Observation on fructose-containing food products have not been found labels to the inclusion of fructose contained heavy detail. The conclusion from this research that consumption of fructose at high levels can harm health risk giving. To anticipate the necessary arrangements total amount of consumption of sugar, especially fructose and regulations in order to do innovation will labeling fructose in food and beverage products. Labeling would be beneficial for consumers because they can regulate the amount of sugar consumed fructose safe day.
The phantom syndrome: a descriptive study on prevalence and association with smartphone addiction and perceived stress among medical students in central Kerala

Technology in communication has developed drastically in recent years and the introduction of cellular phone is a crucial milestone in history. Old-style cellular phones consisted of the primary features that allowed users to call or text someone. Before long, smart phones conquered the market. Apart from the conventional voice calls and text messages, today smart phone has become a necessary element for entertainment, social networking, education, business promotion, and related activities. Nowadays, adults spent most of their leisure time on their smart phones. The constant involvement of people with their smart phones has led to the surfacing of a new kind of psychological disorder called as the phantom syndrome, comprising of phantom vibration syndrome (PVS) and phantom ringing syndrome (PRS). Phantom vibration (PV) or phantom ringing (PR) refers to the mistaken ABSTRACT