Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WASH and child health outcomes: comprehensive impact evaluation

3.1 Overview. 6 3.2 Causal chain of child health events . 6 3.2. 1 WASH and pathogen exposure . 6 3.2. 2 WASH and undernutrition . 6 3.2. 3 WASH and immunity . 7
SHORT TERM FORECASTING OF THE ELECTRIC DEMAND OF HVAC SYSTEM

This paper presents a multi-step-ahead forecasting method of electric demand in a large institutional building, to be used in the context of demand response control strategy. A cascade-based method is proposed for electric demand forecasting of cooling system over the next six hours with a time-step of 15 minutes. Datadriven models are developed by using data mining techniques from the Building Automation System (BAS) trend data of 15-min time-step. First, the air flow rate supplied by the AHUs is forecasted, followed by the cooling coils load, and the whole building cooling load. Finally the electric demand of the primary and secondary cooling systems is forecasted with a RMSE of 27 kW for the chillers and 1 kW for the cooling towers; and 2 kW for the secondary system.
EFFECTS OF FILM FLOW ON SCALE FORMATION IN HORIZONTAL TUBE FALLING FILM EVAPORATORS FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION

Horizontal tube falling film evaporators are commonly used in multiple-effect distillation plants for seawater desalination. Steam condenses inside horizontal tubes while seawater flows as a thin film over the outside of the tubes and partly evaporates. The liquid film displays random waves on the surface which affect the transfer rates across the gas/liquid as well as the solid/liquid interface. Thus, scale formation, which is a major problem in falling film evaporators, greatly depends on film flow characteristics. A novel test rig with a high-speed optical micrometer was constructed to study film flow on horizontal tubes. The optical micrometer using LED technology is mounted in a unique way so that the water film thickness can be measured along the tube and around the circumference. Film thickness data at high sampling frequency provide information on wave structure and frequency at different wetting rates. Furthermore, scale formation was studied in a horizontal tube falling film evaporator test rig at pilot plant scale. Artificial seawater was used and different wetting rates were applied in order to systematically investigate scale formation of calciumand magnesium-containing salts. New insights into film thickness and wave structure of falling liquid films over horizontal tubes and the effects on scale layer characteristics at different wetting rates will be presented and discussed. INTRODUCTION In horizontal tube falling film evaporators, which are commonly used in multiple-effect distillation (MED) plants for seawater desalination, crystallization fouling and heat transfer are massively influenced by film flow characteristics on the evaporator tubes. Seawater is distributed by spray nozzles on the upper tube rows of a horizontal tube bundle. The liquid forms a thin film on the outside of the tubes and trickles down tube by tube. The liquid load can be characterized by the wetting rate Γ. It can be defined as the falling film mass flow rate on one side or on both sides of the horizontal tube per unit tube length. In the following, the wetting rate is expressed as the mass flow rate on both sides of the tube per unit tube length:
Does Progressive Finance Alter School Organizations and Raise Achievement? The Case of Los Angeles

State finance reforms have raised per-pupil spending and elevated the achievement of disadvantaged students over the past half-century. But we know little about how fresh funding may alter teacher staffing or the social and curricular organization of schools, mediating gains in learning. We find that US$1.1 billion in new yearly funding—arriving to Los Angeles high schools after California enacted a progressive weighted-pupil formula in 2013—led schools to rely more on novice and probationary teachers. Schools that enjoyed greater funding modestly reduced average class size and the count of teaching periods assigned to staff in five subsequent years. Yet, high-poverty schools receiving higher budget augmentations more often assigned novice teachers to English learners (ELs) and hosted declining shares of courses that qualified graduates for college admission. Mean achievement climbed overall, but EL and poor students fell further behind in schools receiving greater funding.
Working Paper Strategic Life Choices in Women’s Economic Empowerment: Does society scared from educated and economically empowered women?

The study focuses on the impact of education on empowerment by the women aged 15-49 years who are struggling to influence in the society and contribute in economic growth of Pakistan. This study has used PSLM (Pakistan Standards Living Measurement) survey dataset from 2005-2014 that covers 80,000 households approximately by applying econometric models; probit and multinomial probit models. The main objective and contribution of the study is to analyze the effects of education on women empowerment with socio-economic characteristics particularly in areas of marriages, education attainment, health, employment, intra-household expenditures and son preference. It is interesting to examine results into two scenarios, first one, examine the effect of education on women empowerment and second one determines the significance of education by empowerment indicators. Findings demonstrate the male dominance in the society that control major sectors of the employment. Gender of the head of the household participates actively only when joint decisions are considered. High fertility rate and lower level of education have centered dynamic and potential role of women in the labor market. Study attempts to deal with the potential endogeneity between education and empowerment by instrumental variable technique and results change slightly. Estimates are equally supportive for education and physical assets possession by the women and significantly effect on empowerment.
Predictors of lung function deterioration in COPD

Introduction: The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogeneous, ranging from stable disease to accelerated deterioration of lung function over time. Exhaustive identification of factors that can predict decline in lung function is still a challenge. Aim of the study: To assess annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) and to identify predictors of lung function deterioration. Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study we enrolled outpatients with stable COPD who were followed up in a tertiary referral center from January 2010 to December 2015. Each participant had at least three spirometries during the study period. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator (BD) FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) of Results: A total of 109 patients with COPD participated (77% male, mean age 67 years). Over a mean follow up of 4 years, 23 patients (21.1%) were hospitalized due to COPD, 39 (35.7 %) experienced more than two exacerbations and 5(4.5%) died. Mean (SE) annual change in FEV1 was - 37.7 ml (13.2). Patients with an estimated decline in FEV1 of more than 40 ml per year (labeled as “decliners”; n=51, 47%), had better lung function at baseline (median baseline FEV1 [IQR]:1260 ml [645] vs 1190 ml [470];p 0.04). Rate of decline in FEV1 was greater in patients with initial GOLD stages I and II (median values [IQR]: -65 ml [159] vs -20 ml [IQR 74];p 0.01) and in those who experienced incident exacerbations ( -75ml [165] vs -33ml [85];p 0.03). Multivariable analysis showed that GOLD stage I-II was a strong independent predictor of FEV1 decline ( RR 4.8, CI 95% 1.07-21.6, p 0.04). Conclusions: These findings strengthen the importance of strict surveillance in the early stages of COPD.
Rothamsted Repository Download

Diamide insecticides selectively acting on insect ryanodine receptors (RyR) were launched to the market more than 10 years ago, particularly targeted for the control of lepidopteran pest species in diverse agronomic and horticultural cropping systems. They are now globally registered in many countries and provide reliable control levels in most settings. However, their frequent application, due to alternative mode of action chemistries often not providing sufficient levels of control, has resulted in the selection of diamide resistance in some of the world’s most destructive lepidopteran species, including populations of diamondback moth, tomato leafminer, rice stem borer and more recently beet armyworm. High levels of diamide resistance, compromising diamide efficacy at recommended field rates, has been shown to be conferred by RyR target-site mutations affecting diamide binding. The present work reviews the global status of diamide insecticide resistance in lepidopteran pests, with special reference to RyR target-site alterations. Furthermore, we discuss principles enabling the prediction of the impact and spread of diamide resistance, based on population genetics and associated fitness costs as influenced by the known target-site mutations recently described. In this context, we reiterate calls by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee to implement effective diamide insecticide resistance management by following a three-step strategy of resistance identification, tracking and prediction according to the protocols discussed in this article.
Mesothelioma: an Orphan Disease?

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare neoplastic disease, with approximately 1,000 new cases each year in France. Is it an orphan disease? Namely, a rare disease for which no effective treatment is available. The objective of this article is to answer this question through a focus on the therapeutic management of MPM in 2016.
Percepcja przyczyn nadwagi wśród pacjentów oddziału leczenia otyłości – raport wstępny

Wstęp. Percepcja choroby jest jednym z podstawowych czynników wpływających na stosowanie się do zaleceń, ma także związek z radzeniem sobie z chorobą przewlekłą. Cel pracy. ocena percepcji przyczyn nadwagi wśród pacjentów przebywających w oddziale leczenia otyłości. Materiał i metody. badanie przeprowadzono wśród 30 pacjentów (25 kobiet i 5 mężczyzn). Średni wiek badanych wyniósł 52 lata (± 12,6; mediana: 53,5; zakres: 28–69 lat). Średni wskaźnik masy ciała (bMi) wyniósł 35,9 (25–54,4), u 1 osoby występowała nadwaga, u 5 – otyłość olbrzymia (bMi > 40). Do oceny percepcji przyczyn nadwagi wykorzystano zmodyfikowaną wersję testu Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised (iPQ-r). Dane socjodemograficzne zebrano w trakcie wywiadu, dane medyczne pochodzą z dokumentacji medycznej. Wyniki. wśród przyczyn nadwagi pacjenci wskazywali najczęściej: moje własne zachowanie (86,7%), dietę i nawyki żywieniowe (83,3%), przyczyny genetyczne (63,3%) oraz czynniki środowiskowe (53,3%). 50% badanych za jedną z przyczyn nadwagi uważa swój stan emocjonalny, 43% – stres, nieco mniej starzenie się (40%). w opinii pacjentów większa rola sprawcza nadwagi przypada czynnikom psychologicznym oraz zależnym od ich woli niż czynnikom pozostającym poza kontrolą. Dużą rolę pacjenci przypisują także czynnikom genetycznym. Wnioski. 1. Pacjenci przebywający w oddziale leczenia otyłości posiadają realną percepcję przyczyn nadwagi. 2. osoby badane wskazują wieloczynnikową etiologię nadwagi. 3. według większości badanych za nadwagę odpowiedzialne są czynniki psychologiczne, genetyczne i środowiskowe. 4. Silną rolę sprawczą badani przypisują przyczynom psychologicznym oraz czynnikom modyfikowalnym, podlegającym kontroli. Słowa kluczowe: percepcja choroby, nadwaga, otyłość, iPQ-r.
Spatio-Temporal Interpolation of CO Concentration using a Likelihood-Based Method

Air pollution in large cities due to the increase of population growth by increasing the industrialization progress, has created problems for many residents. So, interpolation of air pollution across space and time is of immense help for sustaining the inhabitants’ health level. In this paper, motivated by the statistical analysis of carbon monoxide which is one of the most hazardous air polluting agents in Tehran, we adopt the likelihood approach. In this setting, we assign a prior distribution to the model parameters and use posterior simulations for Markov chain Monte Carlo approximation of likelihood. Then, the maximum likelihood estimates are obtained through the Newton Raphson method. Keywords-air pollution; spatio-temporal data; Maximum likelihood estimates; Monte Carlo method
Correlations between Sexual Capacity of Boars and Fertility Rates of Mukota, Windsnyer And Kolbroek Sows

This study was aimed at establishing correlations between sexual capacity of boars and fertility rates of Southern African indigenous sows. Mukota, Windsnyer and Kolbroek pigs’ breeds were subjected to sexual preparation procedures of 0MR, 5MR, 10MR, 15MR, 20MR and 25MR. Semen viability and libido were recorded and analysed for sexual capacity and sows were inseminated with semen from sexually prepared boars and analysed for fertility rates. There were significant (P<0.001) correlation observed in libido following 5MR, 10MR and 15MR at a litter size of 15M, motility and semen volume of 0MR. There were significant correlations between libido and normal sperm at 5MR and 10MR while live sperm correlated significantly with libido at all levels following 15MR and 20MR. Litter size at 15MR significantly correlate (P˂0.01) with libido following 10MR. Litter size correlated significantly with normal sperm following 5MR, 10MR and 15MR. There were significant correlations in motility and normal sperm following 5MR, 10MR, 15MR and 20MR. There was significant negative correlations observed at r 2 =30% amongst the acrosomal morphology. The manifestation of sow fertility is a result of a multifactor interaction of internal and external conditions of the organism; a complex of measures leading to its optimisation can therefore affect it efficiently. Sows inseminated from the boars sexually prepared following 5MR, 10MR during the afternoon recorded highest litter size. However, even though semen viability was higher following 15MR, inseminated sows did not respond similar to those inseminated following 5MR and 10MR in the afternoon. They recorded a decline in litter size between diurnal periods. However, proportions of litter size and sexual capacity increased ranging from 5MR to 15MR during the morning and afternoon.
The role of computer tomography in the surgical management of cystic lesions

Summary One of the treatment options for subchondral bone cysts is surgical debridement. The approach (intra-articular or transcortical) depends on the location, appearance, size and stage of the lesion, as well as the surgeon’s preference. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, diagnostic analgesia and diagnostic imaging. For bone cysts plain radiography is the examination of choice because of its high diagnostic capabilities. However, sometimes it is hard to determine the exact localisation as well as the existence of a connection with the joint. In two patients a cystic lesion could be diagnosed on the dorsopalmar radiographic view. To determine the exact anatomical location, necessary to plan the surgical approach, computed tomography (CT) was performed. The value of the CT scan in both patients for providing a definitive location of the lesions proved indispensable. It permitted appropriate decision-making regarding surgical treatment and planning of the surgical approach. By knowing the exact anatomical localisation it was feasible to recognise during surgery the minimal cartilage changes as a sign of an underlying cystic lesion (case 1) or visualise the cartilage lesion by selective resecting the overlying hypertrophied synoviale membrane (case 2). des Chirurgen intraartikulär oder transkortikal. Die Dia-gnose wird aufgrund des klinischen Befunds, der diagnostischen Anästhesien und des Röntgenbildes gestellt. Normalerweise kann die Läsion durch konventionelle Radiographie lokalisiert werden, aber oft sind die Zysten nur im dorsopalmaren Strahlengang sichtbar. Rönt-genaufnahmen sind in der Regel Summationsaufnahmen. Mit Aufnahmen in verschiedenen Ebenen versucht man, den zystischen Defekt besser lokalisieren zu können, aber die so gewonnene Information ist trotzdem nicht immer ausreichend. Mit der Computer-Tomographie (CT) lässt sich eine überlagerungsfreie Darstellung von Knochenteilen erreichen und sie kann zudem die genaue anatomische Lokalisation der Knochenzyste und deren Verbindung zur Gelenk darstellen. Am Beispiel zweier Patienten wird die Rolle der CT zur exakten Lokalisation einer zystischen Knochenläsion und zur Planung des geeigenten chirurgischen Zugangs deutlich.
Cycle-Consistent Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network

This paper presents Cycle-Consistent Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (CycleSRGAN), which aims to perform on the Super Resolution (SR) task using an unpaired dataset. This paper shows the advantages of using cycle consistency for the SR task as well as how using un-paired data effects generated results. CycleSRGAN’s generated images are compared with SRGAN’s generated images as well as ground truth.
Novel hybrid revascularization approach for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischemia after multiply aortobifemoral bypass thrombosis and the absence of outflow arteries

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe blockage in the arteries of the lower extremities, which significantly reduces blood-flow. Often multisegmental atherosclerosis is detected in patients who have the critical limb ischemia (CLI). Usually there are two or three levels of occluded arterial lesions of the lower extremities. Typically, these are the patients who underwent multiply revascularization procedures aiming to salvage the limb. The main limiting factor of this procedure is absent or poor outflow in the arteries. If revascularization is unsuccessful or not possible to perform, it can lead to progression of critical limb ischemia, which most likely will result in amputation. We present two cases of successful treatment of patients with CLI, who had history of thrombosis of aortobifemoral bypass (ABF) branches in the absence of distal arterial outflow. We successfully performed hybrid revascularization procedure in these patients after multiple attempts of open interventions. *Correspondence to: Marina Malikova, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, 88 East Newton Street, Collamore Building, Suite D507-A, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Tel: (617) 414-6836; E-nail: Marina.Malikova@bmc.org
Patient Satisfaction with Anesthesia Care After Curative Surgery for Neoplastic Satisfação com os Cuidados Anestésicos Após Tratamento Cirúrgico de Neoplasias

Autor Correspondente/Corresponding Author*: Beatriz Carvalho Morada: Travessa da Asprela, no637, 4200-095 Paranhos, Porto, Portugal. E-mail: beatriz_bcc@hotmail.com RESUMO Introdução: Satisfação é uma medida importante para avaliação dos cuidados prestados, que permite melhorar a prática clínica. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação da qualidade do recobro e do procedimento anestésico com a satisfação dos doentes. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospetivo observacional em doentes propostos para cirurgia neoplásica curativa. A satisfação com os cuidados anestésicos foi avaliada 3 dias após a cirurgia, utilizando uma escala Likert de 5 pontos e os doentes foram agrupados de acordo com a pontuação obtida: satisfação completa se pontuaram com 5 pontos e satisfação incompleta se pontuaram com menos de 5 pontos. Os dados demográficos perioperatórios, tipo de anestesia e scores na escala Quality of Recovery (QoR) 15 foram recolhidos e avaliados em ambos os grupos. A escala QOR-15 foi aplicada antes da cirurgia (T0) e 24 horas após a cirurgia (T1). Resultados: De um total de 148 doentes, 133 completaram os questionários. A satisfação completa foi observada em 85% dos doentes e foi mais frequente naqueles submetidos a anestesia geral (p = 0,014). Comparando o score total da escala QoR-15 por grupos, não houve diferenças em T0 (130 vs 126,6, p = 0,932) e T1 (114 vs 118,5, p = 0,233). Em T1, o QoR-15 mostrou que pacientes com satisfação incompleta se sentiam menos descansados (9 vs 7, p = 0,041) e mais preocupados e ansiosos (10 vs 8, p = 0,040). Discussão e Conclusão: No nosso estudo, encontrámos uma elevada satisfação global com os cuidados anestésicos em doentes neoplásicos, que foi maior naqueles submetidos a anestesia geral. A satisfação do doente com os cuidados anestésicos não se relacionou com a qualidade do recobro avaliada pelo QoR-15. Patient Satisfaction with Anesthesia Care After Curative Surgery for Neoplastic Satisfação com os Cuidados Anestésicos Após Tratamento Cirúrgico de Neoplasias
Overexpression of Malic Enzyme 2 Indicates Pathological and Clinical Significance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Our study investigated the expression of malic enzyme 2 (ME2) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and associated pathological and clinical pattern. We demonstrated that human OSCC tissues expressed a high level of ME2, and the overexpression of ME2 is closely connected to a high pathological grade, lymphatic metastasis, large tumor size and human papillomavirus (HPV) (P < 0.001). Similarly, high levels of ME2 expression in OSCC tissue were shown to be correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). The expression of ME2 was correlated with Slug, SOX2, and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) immunoreactivity.ME2 was shown to be overexpressed in OSCC tissue and indicated a poor prognosis for OSCC. ME2 may be correlated with several immune markers.
A study in explaining unseen words in Indonesian using analogical clusters

We propose a pipeline to explain, on the level of form, the unseen words contained in an Indonesian test set, by using analogical clusters. Analogical clusters are extracted from a training set by relying on formal relations between words. The unseen words which can be explained on the level of form are then verified on two other representation levels: morphological and semantic. In our experiments on the BPPT corpus, 98 % of unseen words were explained on the level form, out of which 58 % could also be explained on the two levels of morphological and semantic representations
Contraception in women with epilepsy: Potential drug interactions between contraceptive hormones and enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs

Contraception is essential for a woman as it helps to achieve autonomy in personal life and avoid unwanted pregnancy. Adequate contraception is even more essential for women with epilepsy (WWE) due to potential maternal and fetal risks of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and poor seizure control. There are several hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptive options available for WWE, with combined oral hormonal pills being used most commonly. The choice of contraception in WWE is influenced by many factors, chief among these being potential drug interactions between contraceptive hormones and enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs). While EIAEDs may increase metabolism of contraceptive hormones leading to contraceptive failure, contraceptive hormones in turn may increase metabolism of AEDs resulting in their faster elimination and breakthrough seizures. The co-administration of lamotrigine and oral hormonal pills is especially complicated by unpredictable interactions and requires several considerations. In this review, we try to address various issues concerning the use of different contraceptive modalities in WWE. In addition, we review the current guidelines for concurrent use of hormonal contraception and AEDs in WWE.