Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isotope Dilution Equation Predicts Both Group and Individual Total Body Vitamin A Stores in Adults Based on Data from an Early Postdosing Blood

Background: Retinol isotope dilution (RID) is used to determine vitamin A total body stores (TBS) after an oral dose of a vitamin A stable isotope. The generally accepted prediction equation proposed by Olson s group in 1989 (Furr et al. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:713–6) includes factors related to dose absorption and retention, isotope equilibration in plasma compared with stores, catabolism during the mixing period, and the optimal time for measuring plasma isotope enrichment. Objectives: The objectives were 1) to develop a modified RID equation and identify an earlier sampling time for predicting TBS and 2) to improve prediction in individuals as well as groups. Methods: Todevelop amodifiedRIDequation,weused results ofmodel-basedcompartmental analysis [theSimulation,Analysis and Modeling software (WinSAAMversion3.0.8; http://www.WinSAAM.org)] of plasma [C10]retinol kinetic data from32previously studied, healthy young adults of European ancestrywhohadmoderate vitaminA intakes andwho ingested 2.95mmol [C10]retinyl acetate. Results:We examined the time dependence of factors in the prediction equation related to absorption/retention (Fa) and isotope equilibration (S) and determined that 4 or 5 d postdosing was the optimal sampling time. TBS calculated by the equation TBS = Fa x S x (1/SAp), where SAp is plasma retinol–specific activity (fraction of dose/mmol), were highly correlated with model-predicted TBS (r = 0.95 and 0.96 for 4 and 5 d, respectively; P < 0.001); predictions for individuals were also highly correlated (Rs = 0.94 and 0.94; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The equation TBS 0.53 (1/SAp) accurately predicted vitamin A TBS in this group of 32 healthy young adults and its individual members with the use of data from 1 blood sample taken 4 d after isotope administration. J Nutr doi: 10.3945/jn.116. 233676.
COMPARATIVE ENERGY BUDGETS OF GREATER SNOW GEESE Chen caerulescens atlantica STAGING IN TWO HABITATS IN SPRING

During a recent population increase, the high-arctic nesting Greater Snow Goose Chen caerulescens atlantica greatly expanded its spring staging habitat. Over two decades, the flock over-spilled from its tra­ ditional fresh-water Scirpus marshes of the upper St. Lawrence River estu­ ary into the salt-water Spartina marshes of the lower estuary. It also consi­ derably expanded its use of neighbouring fannland. Concurrent studies revealed that the geese were completing the spring staging with substantial­ ly lower fat reserves in the recently invaded area. The present study was de­ signed to identify the causes of these differences in the level of pre-breeding conditioning by making energy budgets covering the 6-week staging period in both habitats. There were profound differences in energy budgets be­ tween the two study sites, which was mainly caused by differences in digestibility of food plants (Spartina rhizomes 25%, Scirpus rhizomes 51 %). An increased use of fannland and especial! y of cereal grains in the newly-invaded habitat, partly made up for the inadequacy of the Spartina rhizomes in supplying metabolizable energy. Under these circumstances, it is expected that the geese wil! further increase their dependence on agricul­ tural plants in order to complete pre-breeding fattening. Departement de biologie, Faculte des sciences et de genie, Universite Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada, GIK 7P4
Pure and compensated technical efficiency of Swedish dairy farms

The compensatory effect of environmental subsidies for agri-environmental output constraints was evaluated through a comparative analysis observing the ‘pure' efficiency, as a benchmark for prevailing production conditions, and the ‘compensated' efficiency, as a proxy indicator of the compensation. An unbalanced data panel covering 3578 Swedish dairy farms in the period 2002-2012 was used. The analysis showed that in the study period, environmental farm support decreased the differences in farm revenue generated by agri-environmental output constraints in Sweden. However, the environmental support distribution did not succeed in meeting regional needs, so difficulties in farmers' ability to generate output in southern and central forest and valley areas of Sweden were visible. Furthermore, the environmental agricultural support had only a partial subsidisation effect on ‘green' farm management practices, with full compensation being achieved for organic and capital-extensive farming, whereas low livestock density farming was not sufficiently compensated. This analysis reveals incentives with policy implications for farm economic performance and provides direct input to future policy recommendations for environmental support allocation.
The doctor-patient relationship

The doctor–patient relationship has been and remains a keystone of care: the medium in which data are gathered, diagnoses and plans are made, compliance is accomplished, and healing, patient activation, and support are provided.1 To managed care organizations, its importance rests also on market savvy: satisfaction with the doctor–patient relationship is a critical factor in people's decisions to join and stay with a specific organization.2–5 The rapid penetration of managed care into the health care market raises concern for many patients, practitioners, and scholars about the effects that different financial and organizational features might have on the doctor–patient relationship.6–10 Some such concerns represent a blatant backlash on the part of providers against the perceived or feared deleterious effects of the corporatization of health care practices. But objective and theoretical bases for genuine concern remain. This article examines the foundations and features of the doctor–patient relationship, and how it may be affected by managed care.
Organizational dynamic capabilities impact on changes in supply chain

As global competition is growing at an enormous speed, companies, operating in supply chains of various complexities are forced to look for sources of competitive advantages not only outside, but mostly inside themselves. Numerous sources of scientific literature on the subject propose that namely dynamic capabilities have become one of the most important players in this global competition game. The analysis carried out, revealed that concepts of organizational dynamic capabilities and supply chain are closely related and affected by one another. This paper proposes a universal model of impact of dynamic capabilities of organizations on changes in the stages of supply chain. The main purpose of the article is to complete a theoretical analysis of supply chain and dynamic capabilities, to create and to verify theoretical model, seeking to identify which organizational dynamic capabilities impact the changes on the stages of supply chain mostly. While carrying out the research the following general research methods have been employed: systematic, comparative and logical analysis of the scientific literature, modeling, focus group, survey (questionnaire interview), grouping and detailing. The core results of the study could be revealed as following: the impact of dynamic capabilities on changes in the stages of supply chain of the examined companies is mostly influenced by: prevailing teamwork and leadership culture; strict regulation of labour relationships and duties, which implies poor significance of sensing and integrating; miscommunication between organization units, the problem of asymmetric information, surplus administrative procedures and other. JEL Codes: L25, M11, M16.
Impact of collaboration on Indian forensic science research: A scientometric mapping from 1975 to 2012

Research collaboration is an essential component of research. Researchers, as well as the policy makers, are showing increasing interest in research collaboration. Forensic Science being multidisciplinary subject collaboration is essential. This study is an attempt to quantify and visualize the research collaboration in Indian Forensic Science and also to assess the impact of research collaboration. A total of 2096 bibliographic records pertaining to Indian Forensic Science literatures published during the period 1975–2012 are retrieved from the Scopus database. These data are analyzed and visualized using MS-Excel spreadsheets, VOSviewer, and Pajek software. It is found that the International Multilateral Collaborations are associated with greater citation impact. The study also reveals that the International Cooperation Index of India in Forensic Science research is 7.68. India has the highest Affinity Index value of 34.16 in Forensic Science with the USA. A new measure of international collaboration known as Authorship AFI is also proposed based on the number of collaborating authors.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnO2 Nanostructures with Different Morphologies and Their Optical Properties

SnO2 hollow spheres and nanorods were prepared by an aqueous sol-gel route involving the reaction of tin chloride and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in hexanol and heptane under the different hydrothermal treating temperature and time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and microstructure to find out the cause. The result indicates that the products are hollow spheres with diameters of approximately 200–900 nm and shell thickness of 60–70 nm via hydrothermal treating at 160◦C and one-dimensional rod-like nanostructures with diameters of approximately 20–40 nm and lengths of 100–300 nm via hydrothermal treating at 180 and 200◦C, respectively. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated under the excitation of 275 nm. The samples exhibited the emission peaks of room-temperature photoluminescence.
Enhancing Role Efficacy: An OD Intervention

The role of mechanical/traffic inspectors and safety counsellors is of considerable importance in the prevention of rail accidents and in the development of selfprotective behaviour among the staff. Development of negative perceptions on their part is likely to lead the employees to poor work performance. This article by DM Pestonjee and Aniruddh Pandey emphasizes the need for conducting role efficacy interventions to strengthen and reinforce positive behaviours and weaken negative behaviours.
The Adoption of Computerized Accounting System in Small Medium Enterprises in Melaka, Malaysia

The increasing competition and the highly demands of globalization, Malaysia government attempt for Small Medium Enterprise, SME for the development of innovative, competitive with high technology. Computerized accounting system (CAS) adoption may be decisive factor for an organization to be success and also to survive. This research project which aimed to investigate SME practice of CAS and to identify the factor affecting the adoption among SMEs in Melaka. A survey was carried out through a set of questionnaires to examine the CEO Innovativeness Factors Scale, Perceive Usefulness Factors Scale, Perceive Ease of Use Factors Scale and Business Competitiveness. The sample selected comprised of CEOs of SMEs in three districts in Melaka, namely Melaka Tengah, Alor Gajah and Jasin. The data gathered were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression analysis, Pearson Correlation analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This study reveals that CAS adoption rate in SMEs in Melaka is high. Results from the analysis also shown the significant of independent variables and proved the relationships have been substantiated to the dependent variable which contribute to the usage of CAS adoption between SMEs in Melaka. The findings indicate that CEO innovativeness; perceive ease of use and business competitiveness negatively correlated to the adoption of CAS. Results reveals that only perceive usefulness are significantly positive correlated to CAS adoption. Therefore it can be deduced that adoption of CAS among SMEs in Melaka is caused by its usefulness. The findings reveal that types of business and business location influence the adoption of CAS. However, size (paid up capital, sales turnover and number of employee) do not influence the adopter. Results also indicate that CEO literacy on ICT, accounting and CAS has influence the responded CEO to adopt CAS in their business. However, the advantages by using the accounting systems software were not fully utilized by CAS adopters.
The ecotourism metaphor and environmental sustainability in Kenya

While to some extent there is disharmony in defining the term ecotourism, most tourism research agrees that the eco prefix is a definite pointer to environmental or natural resource management as a core value to the concept. However, the inherent gap between theoretical conceptualization of ecotourism as “green practice expected to address adverse outcomes of conventional tourism” and actual environmental impacts of this form of tourism raises the question of whether or not ecotourism in practice complies more closely with its defining criteria. In this regard, this article explores the term ecotourism as a metaphor for pro environmental behavior, uncovering its derivatives as constructed by tourism players in Kenya. The study covered five focal areas for ecotourism identified by the Ecotourism Society of Kenya, analyzing excerpts from hypertexts that operate at the supply side of tourism to read motivations for references to the term. The readings were then compared to The International Ecotourism Society definition of ecotourism which was taken as a neutral position. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability was an insignificant concern, as compared to product promotion and corporate image in informing the concept of ecotourism in focal areas. Consequently, the “eco prefix” metaphor in tourism is informed by economic and social logics, serving stakeholders other interests. The authors recommend a revisit to the practical basis of the concept for actors in ecotourism focal areas, with keen considerations to linguistic adequacies of the term's use.
P2P Networks Routing Techniques for Unstructured Networks

Finding an archive or asset in an unstructured distributed system can be an exceedingly difficult issue. In this paper we propose a query routing approach that accounts for arbitrary overlay topologies, nodes with heterogeneous processing capacity, e.g., reﬂecting their degree of altruism, and heterogenous class-based likelihoods of query resolution at nodes which may reﬂect inquiry loads and the way in which ﬁles/assets are distributed across the network. The approach is shown to be stabilize the query load subject to a grade of service constraint, i.e., a guarantee that inquiries' courses meet pre-speciﬁed class-based limits on their associated a priori probability of query resolution. An explicit portrayal of the limit locale for such frameworks is given and numerically contrasted with that related with irregular walk based quests. Reproduction comes about further demonstrate the performance beneﬁts, interms of mean delay, of the proposed approach. Additional aspects associated with reducing complexity, estimating parameters, and adaptation to class-based query resolution probabilities and trafﬁc loads are considered .
Evaluation of the Applicability of the OSGi Service Platform to Future In-Vehicle Embedded Systems

One promising market for embedded systems is the automotive industry. For example, engines, dashboards, wipers, lights, doors, windows, seats, mirrors, radios, CDs, DVDs, and hand-free phones are being controlled by in-vehicle embedded systems. This paper evaluates the applicability of the OSGi Service Platform to future in-vehicle embedded systems. One specific application area, which can greatly benefit from this evaluation, is Web services, where a number of future scenarios have not been supported by the OSGi Service Platform yet. This is exemplified by two example scenarios, viz., a car tracking service and an advertising service. Based on these example scenarios, a number of requirements that should be met by the OSGi Service Platform are identified, viz., dynamic availability, versioning, persistence, composition, remote management, platform independence, security, and distribution. In addition to the identification of the requirements, another contribution of this paper is the evaluation of the OSGi Service Platform against these requirements. This evaluation will help to extend the OSGi Service Platform to be applicable to future in-vehicle embedded systems. Keywords—OSGi Service Platform, OSGi Framework, invehicle embedded systems, Web services, car tracking service, advertising service
TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS PHOTO-INJECTORS

Many applications, from linear colliders to freeelectron lasers, passing through light sources and many other electron sources, require high brightness electron beams, usually produced by photo-injectors. Because certain parameters of these applications differ by several orders of magnitude, various solutions were implemented for the design and construction of the three main parts of the photo-injectors: lasers, photocathodes and guns. This paper summarizes the different requirements, how they lead to technological challenges and how R&D programs try to overcome these challenges. Some examples of state-of-the-art parts are presented. HIGH BRIGHTNESS The brightness is a practical measure of the ability of a beam to be focused in all dimensions. A common definition is given by:   ⋅ e ⋅ e ⋅ = 2 2 ny nx n rad m A I 2 B
Leucine zipper-like motifs of HrpZPss are not essential to induce hypersensitive response in tobacco.

Harpins are heat-stable, glycine-rich proteins secreted by several Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria, involved in the induction of hypersensitive response in non-host plants. HrpZPss is highly heat stable, exists as a polydispersed, multimeric protein in nature and the functional significance for its existence in many oligomeric forms, remains still unclear. It was suggested that the leucine zipper-like motifs (LZMs) may take part in the formation of oligomeric aggregates, which may be responsible for HR elicitation by harpins and for their high thermal stability. To test the involvement of LZMs in HR elicitation and induction of defense responses, we have generated deletion mutants with or without LZMs and analysed their ability to induce HR, and/or activate the defense responses. The deletion mutant HrpZMM1, with no LZM also elicited HR as well as defense responses in tobacco suggesting the LZMs are not essential for elicitor activity of HrpZPss. However, the ability to elicit defense responses may be linked with the ability to induce HR.
Effects of under bump metallization and nickel alloying element on the undercooling behavior of Sn-based, Pb-free solders

A significant reduction of the undercooling of Sn-based solder alloys was previously reported when they were reacted with various under bump metallurgies (UBMs). In the present study, new experiments have been designed and carried out to understand the undercooling behavior of various Cu- and Ni-doped solders on Ni UBM. Two competing mechanisms were further investigated that include the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at solder/UBM interface and the change of solder composition because of the dissolution of Ni UBM into solder. Two types of IMCs, including both Ni_3Sn_4 and Cu_6Sn_5 that were formed at the interface, were correlated with the undercooling of Sn–0.2Cu and Sn–3.8Ag–0.2Cu solders. In addition, the compositional changes of various Sn-based solders after reactions with Ni UBM were analyzed. On the basis of the experimental results, it was found that the significant reduction in undercooling is primarily caused by dissolved Ni atoms from Ni UBM and the concurrent formation of Ni_3Sn_4 IMC in the solder matrix. Finally, the beneficial effect of Ni dissolution is thermodynamically favorable as confirmed by the thermodynamic calculations and differential scanning calorimetry measurements with various Ni-doped solder alloys.
Spontaneous recovery from reproductive failure in a hand-reared male western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

An adult hand-reared male gorilla raised in bachelor groups was considered as not reproductive on the basis of his behavioural background, clinical history and the results of a physical examination (electroejaculation and ultrasound examination of the testes). He was kept for 3.5 years with a well-socialised adult female and, despite regular sexual activity, no reproductive success was achieved. However, this gorilla has since returned to fertility and within a few months of a second female joining the group, both females became pregnant, indicating that the male could no longer be deemed "infertile". Thus, male fertility evaluations must be interpreted carefully in relation to social structures in gorillas, and the establishment of a proper social group structure should be taken into consideration when establishing new gorilla breeding groups. The introduction of adequately socialised females to hand-reared males that have matured in bachelor groups may improve not only the social behaviour but also the reproductive capacity of such males.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND ELECTROANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO ROMANIAN CLAYS WITH POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

The high demand for simple, fast, accurate, and sensitive detection methods in pharmaceutical analysis has driven the development of novel electrochemical sensors. Clay modified electrodes are likely to be used for this application. In this study, clays were used as electrode modifiers to improve the electrochemical properties of the existing electrodes. Bentonites obtained from Răzoare and Valea Chioarului deposits (Maramures County, Romania) were refined and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The ion exchange capacity of purified clays was determined by replacing the compensatory ions with NH 4 + ions. These clays were used to modify carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, and riboflavin phosphate was tested by using cyclic voltammetry on clay-modified CPEs with different clay particle sizes. Resulting CPEs revealed either better electroanalytical signals or oxidation at lower potential. The development of new clay-modified sensors using such composite materials based on micro and nanoparticles could be applied in pharmaceutical analysis. Rezumat Cerinţa tot mai crescută pentru metode de detecţie simple, rapide, precise si sensibile ȋn analiza farmaceutică a condus la dezvoltarea unor noi senzori electrochimici. Electrozii modificaţi cu argilă pot fi o alternativă viabilă la alte metode de detecţie. In acest studiu s-au utilizat argile ca modificatori ai electrozilor cu scopul de a ameliora proprietăţile electrochimice ale acestora. Bentonitele obţinutele din depozitele de la Răzoare si Valea Chioarului (Maramures, România) au fost purificate si caracterizate prin difracţie de raze X si microscopie cu transmisie electronică. Capacitatea de schimb ionic a argilelor purificate s-a determinat prin ȋnlocuirea ionilor compensatori cu ioni NH 4 + . Argilele astfel obţinute s-au utilizat la modificarea unor electrozi pastă de carbon. Comportamentul electrochimic al paracetamolului, acidului ascorbic si al fosfatului de riboflavină a fost testat prin voltametrie ciclică pe electrozii pastă de carbon modificaţi cu argilă cu particule de diferite dimensiuni. Electrozii rezultaţi au prezentat fie semnale electroanalitice mai bune, fie procese de oxidare la valori mai scăzute de potenţial. Dezvoltarea unor noi senzori modificaţi cu argile având la bază aceste micro si nanomateriale compozite poate fi astfel aplicată ȋn analiza farmaceutică.