Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic transmission error analysis for a CNC machine tool based on built-in encoders

The dynamic transmission error of a CNC machine tool affects the manufacturing precision significantly. It may be caused by many factors, such as the geometric error of the transmission parts, the defects on the tooth flank as well as the torsional vibration of running shafts etc. It is very important to locate where the major source is so as to provide a guidance to reduce the transmission error. In this article, the dynamic behavior of the transmission is obtained by using some built-in encoders of a CNC machine tool. Signals obtained from those encoders are the rotating angles of the shafts varying with time. The transmission error can be estimated by using those signals. Some signal processing approaches are established to analyze those signals to locate the error sources. Vibration is one of the most troubling problems encountered in CNC machine tools, this paper also provides an approach for vibration source identification based on the information obtained from the built-in encoders.
Rectal steroids suppress bone formation in patients with colitis

Background: The aetiology of bone loss in inflammatory bowel disease is multifactorial, but oral corticosteroids are an important contributory factor. Rectally administered steroids are widely used in patients with distal disease, but very little is known about their effect on bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a standard course of rectal prednisolone on biochemical markers of bone turnover.
Decreased tear lipocalin concentration in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction

Background/aim: Recent studies have demonstrated that tear lipocalin (TL) and phospholipids have a crucial role in maintaining tear film stability. The level of TL in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) was examined and these data were correlated with the severity of their clinical disorder. Methods: 12 patients with obstructive MGD, 12 patients with seborrhoeic MGD, and 12 age matched normal control subjects participated in this study. 3 μl of unstimulated tears were collected with a micropipette from the inferior tear meniscus in the right eye of all subjects. Tear samples were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography, and TL concentrations were assayed with a bicinchoninic acid technique. Results: The mean concentration of TL in patients with obstructive and seborrhoeic MGD was significantly lower than in normal controls. TL concentration correlated positively with tear film break up time and negatively with fluorescein staining scores. Conclusion: These results suggest that TL deficiency may be a predisposing factor for the manifestation of symptoms in MGD.
The effective combination therapy against human osteosarcoma: doxorubicin plus curcumin co-encapsulated lipid-coated polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery system

Abstract Objective: To overcome both the dose-limiting side effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and the therapeutic failure incurred from multidrug resistant (MDR) in osteosarcoma (OS), biodegradable lipid-coated polymeric nanoparticles (LPNs) were explored for the loading of doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin (CUR). Methods: DOX plus CUR co-encapsulated LPNs (DOX + CUR LPNs) of mixed lipid monolayer shell and biodegradable polymer core were prepared. The cytotoxicity effect of DOX + CUR LPNs, single drug loaded LPNs, and free drug solutions were evaluated on human OS cell line KHOS cells and mice KHOS cells xenograft in vivo. Results: DOX + CUR LPNs displayed a curative effect on OS cell lines than the free drug counterparts. Also, best anti-OS effects were observed on the animal model compared with other groups tested. Conclusion: This promising dual drugs co-encapsulated lipid-coated polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery system enhanced the cell delivery and activity of drugs against human OS cancer cell lines and in cancer bearing mice. This research may offer new options for the treatment of OS.
Prolonged culture of the voracious flagellate Peranema in antioxidant-containing media.

SYNOPSIS. Peranema trichophorum remained vigorous at least a year in milk-lecithin media and 3 months in a nearly defined autoclavable biphasic agar medium fortified with the fat-soluble antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene. The only undefined substance in the present “defined” medium is crude soybean lecithin; 0.001% lecithin suffices in the presence of a mixture of long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid may be indispensable. Histidine is an absolute requirement as well as a favored substrate. Cholesterol, not ergosterol, satisfied the sterol requirement. Voracity is retained in these media as shown by engorgement on plastic latex particles.
Massive Transfusion Protocol in Pediatric Trauma

Approximately 200,000 youth homicides occurred globally in 2000.1 For every youth homicide victim, 20 to 40 victims of nonfatal youth violence were treated in hospitals, representing 4 to 8 million admissions. These patients may present with major hemorrhage requiring urgent resuscitation. Hemorrhag
A 0.18 µm CMOS 12 Gb/s 10-PAM Serial Link Transmitter

A 12Gb/s 10-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) serial-link transmitter was implemented using a 0. 18µm CMOS process. The proposed 10-PAM transmitter achieves a channel efficiency of 4bit/symbol by dual-mode amplitude modulations using 10 differential-mode levels and 3 common-mode levels. The measured maximum data-rate was 12Gb/s over 0.7-m cable and 2-cm printed circuit board (PCB) traces. The entire transmitter consumes 432mW such that the figure of merit of the transmitter is 36pJ/bit. The present work demonstrates the greater channel efficiency of 4bit/symbol than the currently reported multi-level PAM transmitters.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Smc2/4 Condensin Compacts DNA into (+) Chiral Structures without Net Supercoiling*

Smc2/4 forms the core of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae condensin, which promotes metaphase chromosome compaction. To understand how condensin manipulates DNA, we used two in vitro assays to study the role of SMC (structural maintenance of chromosome) proteins and ATP in reconfiguring the path of DNA. The first assay evaluated the topology of knots formed in the presence of topoisomerase II. Unexpectedly, both wild-type Smc2/4 and an ATPase mutant promoted (+) chiral knotting of nicked plasmids, revealing that ATP hydrolysis and the non-SMC condensins are not required to compact DNA chirally. The second assay measured Smc2/4-dependent changes in linking number (Lk). Smc2/4 did not induce (+) supercoiling, but instead induced broadening of topoisomer distributions in a cooperative manner without altering Lk0. To explain chiral knotting in substrates devoid of chiral supercoiling, we propose that Smc2/4 directs chiral DNA compaction by constraining the duplex to retrace its own path. In this highly cooperative process, both (+) and (-) loops are sequestered (about one per kb), leaving net writhe and twist unchanged while broadening Lk. We have developed a quantitative theory to account for these results. Additionally, we have shown at higher molar stoichiometries that Smc2/4 prevents relaxation by topoisomerase I and nick closure by DNA ligase, indicating that Smc2/4 can saturate DNA. By electron microscopy of Smc2/4-DNA complexes, we observed primarily two protein-laden bound species: long flexible filaments and uniform rings or “doughnuts. ” Close packing of Smc2/4 on DNA explains the substrate protection we observed. Our results support the hypothesis that SMC proteins bind multiple DNA duplexes.
The signal processing and recognition of street view images by CNNs and softmax

In this paper, we focused on signal processing and proposed a recognition model of street view images based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and softmax. On the one hand, this paper processed signal and visualized signal processing activation values of each layer of with CNNs on street view images detection, on the second hand, this paper analyzed and compared them layer by layer. For independent common scene of city street scene image, the kappa coefficient of this method was better than some existing methods.
Monitoring of Urinary Calcium and Phosphorus Excretion in Preterm Infants: Comparison of 2 Methods

Objectives: Premature babies require supplementation with calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) to prevent metabolic bone disease of prematurity. To guide mineral supplementation, 2 methods of monitoring urinary excretion of Ca and P are used: urinary Ca or P concentration and Ca/creatinine (Crea) or P/Crea ratios. We compare these 2 methods in regards to their agreement on the need for mineral supplementation. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 230 premature babies with birth weight <1500 g, undergoing screening of urinary spot samples from day 21 of life and fortnightly thereafter. Hypothetical cutoff values for urine Ca or P concentration (1 mmol/L) and urine Ca/Crea ratio (0.5 mol/mol) or P/Crea ratio (4 mol/mol) were applied to the sample results. The agreement on whether to supplement the respective minerals based on the results with the 2 methods was compared. Multivariate general linear models sought to identify patient characteristics to predict discordant results. Results: A total of 24.8% of cases did not agree on the indication for Ca supplementation, and 8.8% for P. Total daily Ca intake was the only patient characteristic associated with discordant results. Conclusions: With the intention to supplement the respective mineral, comparison of urinary mineral concentration with mineral/Crea ratio is moderate for Ca and good for P. The results do not allow identifying superiority of either method on the decision as to which babies require Ca and/or P supplements.
Cutting Edge: IL-7-Independent Regulation of IL-7 Receptor α Expression and Memory CD8 T Cell Development1

Expression of IL-7Rα on a subset of Ag-specific effector CD8 T cells is believed to identify memory cell precursors. However, whether IL-7 regulates IL-7Rα expression in vivo and is responsible for selective survival of IL-7Rα+ effector cells is unknown. Our results show that in the absence of IL-7, IL-7Rα expression was extinguished on the majority of CD8 T cells responding to virus infection, sustained on a subset of effector cells transitioning to memory, and expressed at high levels by memory cells. Additionally, an IL-7-deficient environment was capable of supporting bcl-2 up-regulation and memory cell development in response to virus infection. Thus, IL-7Rα regulation occurs independently of IL-7 in responding CD8 T cells, indicating that CD8 memory T cell precursors are not selected by IL-7/IL-7Rα interactions.
Does Increased Crypt Cell Proliferation Impair Cholesterol Absorption after Proximal Gut Resection?

Background: The effects of proximal small-bowel resection on absorption and synthesis of cholesterol are unclear. Methods: To study cholesterol absorption and synthesis after proximal gut resections of variable length, plasma plant sterols, cholestanol, and cholesterol precursors were measured 1 and 2 months after 50% and 75% proximal small-bowel resection or transection. To examine the effect of increased crypt cell proliferation and brush border development on cholesterol absorption, the results were related to the mucosal morphology, crypt cell proliferation, and disaccharidase activities of the remaining small bowel. Results: Campesterol levels in proportion to cholesterol decreased markedly more, and those of cholestanol markedly less, than would be expected simply due to the amount of proximal small intestine removed, whereas sitosterol proportions decreased in proportion to the length of gut resection. Campesterol proportions markedly (P = 0.06) increased between 1 and 2 months after 50% resection but remained unchanged after 75% resection. Crypt cell proliferation was only increased in the 75% resection group (P < 0.05). The longer the proximal gut resection, the lower was the mucosal enzyme activity. Both resection groups showed increased plasma cholesterol precursor proportions and crypt depth (P < 0.05), whereas villus height remained unchanged. After massive proximal resection campesterol and sitosterol proportions were inversely related to crypt cell proliferation (r = -0.86-0.83, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Increased crypt cell proliferation activated by massive proximal gut resection may act as a previously unrecognized factor in aggravating cholesterol malabsorption and retarding its recovery during the early postoperative period. These findings warrant further investigation.
A new effect at high currents in heterostructure bipolar transistors

Large current densities in heterostructure bipolar transistors with heterostructure collectors are shown to cause an excess electron barrier leading to an increase in minority-carrier charge storage in the base and a decrease in current gain of the device. This effect occurs at current densities where the mobile charge in the collector depletion region significantly reduces the electrostatic field, thus exposing an electron chemical potential barrier due to bandgap grading at the junction. The effect appears at lower current densities than the Kirk effect and should occur in wide-gap heterostructure collector devices. The effect is demonstrated using experimental data and analyzed using device modeling; solutions are suggested for its elimination. <<ETX>>
RNA–RNA interaction is required for the formation of specific bicoid mRNA 3′ UTR–STAUFEN ribonucleoprotein particles

The formation of the anterior pattern of the Drosophila embryo is dependent on the localization of the mRNA of the morphogen Bicoid (bcd) to the anterior pole of the egg cell. Staufen protein (STAU) is required in a late step of the localization to anchor the bcd mRNA in the anterior cytoplasm. We have shown previously that endogenous STAU associates specifically with injected bcd mRNA 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), resulting in the formation of characteristic RNA–protein particles that are transported along microtubules of the mitotic spindles in a directed manner. The regions recognized by STAU in this in vivo assay are predicted to form three stem–loop structures involving large double‐stranded stretches. Here, we show that the STAU interaction requires a double‐stranded conformation of the stems within the RNA localization signal. In addition, base pairing between two single‐stranded loops plays a major role in particle formation. This loop–loop interaction is intermolecular, not intramolecular; thus dimers or multimers of the RNA localization signal must be associated with STAU in these particles. The bcd mRNA 3′ UTR can also dimerize in vitro in the absence of STAU. Thus, in addition to RNA–protein interactions, RNA–RNA interaction might be involved in the formation of ribonucleoprotein particles for transport and localization.
Multiply Resistant Gram‐Positive Bacteria: Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococcus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Enterococcus is a commonly isolated microorganism in transplant patients, especially after liver and kidney transplantation (1). The incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has increased both in the nontransplant (2–4) and transplant settings (5–7). VRE colonization was first identified in 40 liver and 13 kidney transplant patients at the Mayo Clinic in 1995 (1). The rate of VRE colonization and infection is highly variable and center-dependent and significantly more common in the United States than in Europe. Recent reports show a prevalence of colonization among liver and kidney recipients between 3.4% and 55% (6,8–10) and of infection between 4% and 11% (1,7). The majority of VRE infections occur within the first month following transplantation, although late infections have also been described.
Time-patterns of annualized relapse rates in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials in relapsing multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Although it is known that the annualized relapse rate (ARR) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) changes as disease progresses, in the design and analysis of trials in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) constant ARRs are assumed. Objectives: This paper aims to assess time-patterns of trial ARR by conducting a systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled trials in RMS. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted by searching PubMed for randomized, placebo-controlled trials in RMS. In meta-analyses the following comparisons of trial ARR were carried out for the placebo controls and active treatment arms: months 1–6 vs. months 7–12, and months 1–12 vs. months 13–24. Results: A total of 52 trials was identified. Out of these, information on the time-dependence of trial ARR could be extracted from 13 trials. The ARR was by 25% (p = 0.0005) and 40% (p < 0.0001) higher in months 1–12 compared with months 13–24 for placebo and active treatments, respectively. Consequently, the treatment effects were by 13% (p = 0.23) larger in the second year compared with the first year. Within the first year of follow-up the ARR was by 4% (p = 0.75) and 23% (p = 0.06) higher in months 1–6 compared with months 7–12 for placebo controls and active arms, respectively. Conclusions: Trial ARR decreases during a trial in RMS, which is in line with epidemiological findings and has implications for design and analysis of future trials. The observed decrease in trial ARR might be at least partially explained by regression to the mean. Individual patient data analyses are warranted.
Blind people guidance system

This paper describes a guidance system for blind and partially sighted people with the aim of coping in the known and unknown internal and external spaces without the assistance of human guides. This work represents a significant step forward in the application of innovative technological solutions to increase independence and improve the quality of life for people with disabilities. This paper describes the technical and functional architecture of the system for orientation and guidance of a blind person using available modern technology. The described system consists of a digital sensor for determining the location by dead reckoning technique, infrared marks in space and handheld device that provides voice guidance instructions.
Apoptotic Effect of Ganciclovir on Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells Infected with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

We evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of two purine nucleoside analogues, acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), on lymphoma cells stably harboring Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Colorimetric caspase assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting with antibodies against apoptosis-related molecules revealed that GCV has cytotoxic activity toward KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells, while ACV has weak or little activity. In addition to the GCV-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis via caspase-7/8, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and accumulation of p53 and p21 were induced by GCV treatment. In contrast, neither ACV nor GCV have cytotoxicity- or apoptosis-inducing activities toward uninfected cells.
The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the beginning of married life of Quebec women

A partir principalement des donnees de 1'Enquete sociale generale (ESG) de 1995, la presente etude offre une mesure de: l'influence de caracteristiques demographiques et socioeconomiques sur le risque qu'ont les Quebecoises de former une premiere union libre ou un premier mariage. Apres une breve analyse descriptive, les auteurs exposent les resultats de l'analyse multivariee, qui permet notamment de mesurer l'evolution de l'influence de caracteristiques liees a la « theorie de l'independance », soit le niveau de scolarite et l'activite (travail et frequentation scolaire). L'analyse n'a pas permis de confirmer completement la theorie : les femmes actives ont generalement plus tendance a former une union libre et presentent un risque moins grand de se marier, ce qui va dans le sens de la theorie, mais l'effet sur les premiers mariages ne s'applique qu'aux Quebecoises nees avant 1951. En outre, une hausse du niveau de scolarite ne contribue pas a diminuer le risque de former un premier mariage pour toutes les generations de Quebecoises etudiees. Par ailleurs, il est evident que l'union libre a d'abord ete populaire aupres des Quebecoises les plus scolarisees. Tout cela porte a croire que la scolarite et l'entree massive des Quebecoises sur le marche du travail ne font pas entrave a la formation de la premiere union, mais favorisent une plus grande liberte quant a la forme que celle-ci prendra.
Relationship between waist circumference and supine abdominal height measured at different anatomical sites and cardiometabolic risk factors in older women.

OBJECTIVES To measure waist circumference (WC) and supine abdominal height (SAH) at different anatomic sites and to assess the relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in women aged >60 years. METHODS The present study included 113 women from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The evaluations comprised anthropometric, biochemical and haemodynamic measurements. Different anatomical sites were used to measure WC: (i) the midpoint between the last rib and iliac crest; (ii) umbilical level; (iii) immediately above the iliac crests; and (iv) the narrowest point between the last rib and the iliac crest. Measurements were also taken at different anatomic sites for SAH: (i) the midpoint between the iliac crests; (ii) umbilical level; (iii) higher abdominal diameter; and (iv) the narrowest point between the last rib and the iliac crest. RESULTS It was found that 35.4% of women were overweight, and the area (SE) body mass index was 25.8 (4.2) kg/m(2). WC at the umbilical level [area (SE) area under the curve (AUC) = 0.694 (0.079)] and SAH at the midpoint between the iliac crests [AUC = 0.747 (0.076)] showed the largest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P < 0.05) with respect to the identification of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS) where, of the two measures, SAH showed the greatest predictive potential. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study suggest that, for the assessment of older women, the umbilical level and the midpoint between the iliac crests should used to measure WC and SAH, respectively. SAH showed the greatest predictive power for cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the MS in older women.
Interleukin-2 downregulates hepatitis B virus gene expression in transgenic mice by a posttranscriptional mechanism

We have recently demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) downregulate the hepatic steady-state content of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA in vivo in HBV-transgenic mice and that the IL-2 effect is mediated by TNF-alpha. In the current study, we demonstrate that IL-2-induced downregulation of hepatic HBV 2.1-kb mRNA is not due to changes in the transcription rate or the intranuclear maturation or export of this transcript but that it is selectively and profoundly depleted from the cytoplasm of the liver cells in vivo following IL-2 administration. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-2 alters the steady-state content of hepatic HBV mRNA by a posttranscriptional mechanism in vivo, that this effect is mediated by TNF-alpha, and that it probably reflects increased cytoplasmic degradation of the viral transcript.