Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wine: Flavour Chemistry

Preface. Introduction:. Origins Wine Flavour Wine Colour Vinification Processes Physiological Factors. Grape Varieties and Growing Regions:. Wine Grapes Grape Growing and Wine Producing Areas Chemical Composition of Grapes, Must and Finished Wine Quality Control and Classification of Wine. Basic Taste, Stimulant and Other Constituents of Wines:. Ethyl Alcohol and Polyols Acidity Sweetness Bitterness, Astringency and Mouthfeel Colouring Matter Some other constituents Changes in Storage/Ageing. Volatile Components: . Volatile Compounds Detected Volatile Compounds Quantified in Amounts GC Techniques of Measurement Physical Properties and Chemical Structures. Wine Tasting Procedures and Overall Wine Flavour:. Balance of Basic Taste Constituents Wine Aromas. Sherry and Port:. Introduction Sherry Port wine. Formation Pathways in Vinification: . Process Variables in Vinification Production of Ethyl Alcohol Production of Individual Groups of Compounds Development of 'Noble Rot'. Appendix I. Appendix II. Index
Wage Formation and the (Non-)Existence of the NAIRU

The influence of NAIRU theory on economic policy is both puzzling and unfortunate, especially in a European context. This paper shows that standard rationality assumptions and objective functions may fail to generate a well-defined NAIRU in a unionized economy. It then presents two simple models with endogenous wage aspirations. One version of the model produces a unique long-run NAIRU while the other implies the presence of aspiration-induced hysteresis in the employment rate. The hysteretic version seems preferable on theoretical grounds and--at a stylized level--this version also fits the empirical evidence better than the non-hysteretic version. The argument implies that an expansionary aggregate demand policy combined with temporary incomes policies may reduce European unemployment permanently without adverse inflationary consequences.
Plankton development in Lake Jonsvatn, Norway, after introduction of Mysis relicta: a long-term study

Quantitative sampling of phyto- and zooplankton has been carried out for 25 yr in Lake Jonsvatn, Norway, in order to assess changes after the introduction of Mysis relicta. In Lille Jonsvatn, the outlet basin, the cladoceran populations collapsed 7 yr after the mysid introduction. The mean cladoceran biomass was reduced by 95 to 99% for a decade before Bosmina longispina, Holopedium gibberum and Daphnia galeata developed new populations. B. longispina and H. gib- berum almost disappeared again after a few years, while D. galeata was replaced by D. longispina, which unexpectedly maintained a relatively dense population in the presence of high mysid abun- dance. Rotifers declined significantly in Lille Jonsvatn after the mysid establishment, whereas cope- pod biomass did not change. Phytoplankton biomass increased during the first years after the clado- ceran collapse, but declined later to levels lower than in pre-mysid years. The changes were probably a combined effect of reduced nutrient loads and grazing pressure. In the main basin, Store Jonsvatn, there were no detectable effects on the zooplankton community during the first 10 to 15 yr after the introduction, in spite of development to common densities of mysids within 8 yr. Over time, cladocerans decreased significantly, however, and mean biomass for the last 5 yr showed a 60% reduction compared with the first 10 yr. No significant long-term changes were detected in copepods, rotifers or phytoplankton biomass in Store Jonsvatn. Differences in tem- perature, stratification, light transmission and depth may partly explain the different plankton development in the 2 basins.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXPLOSION GEOMETRY OF STRIPPED-ENVELOPE CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE. I. SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC OBSERVATIONS

We study the multi-dimensional geometry of supernova (SN) explosions by means of spectropolarimetric observations of stripped-envelope SNe, i.e., SNe without a hydrogen-rich layer. We perform spectropolarimetric observations of two stripped-envelope SNe, Type Ib SN 2009jf and Type Ic SN 2009mi. Both objects show non-zero polarization at the wavelength of the strong lines. They also show a loop in the Stokes Q – U diagram, which indicates a non-axisymmetric, three-dimensional ion distribution in the ejecta. We show that five out of six stripped-envelope SNe, which have been observed spectropolarimetrically so far, show such a loop. This implies that a three-dimensional geometry is common in stripped-envelope SNe. We find that stronger lines tend to show higher polarization. This effect is not related to the geometry, and must be corrected for to compare the polarization of different lines or different objects. Even after the correction, however, there remains a dispersion of polarization degree among different objects. Such a dispersion might be caused by three-dimensional clumpy ion distributions viewed from different directions.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN IRIS- BASED RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFICATION AND SECURE AUTHENTICATION

New developments in Iris recognition technology provide increased potential for security. The research study described in this article has been con- ducted to further explore its potential through the development and evaluation of a working prototype system for Iris Administration and Organization Resource Ac- cess Control. The developed prototype possesses Iris administration functionality with such functions as enrollment, identification, verification, update and deletion. Also, the prototype organization module allows management of organizational re- sources access control. Testing of the prototype has been performed at the Dubai Naturalization and Residency Department (DNRD) site. The test has demonstrated the usefulness of Iris authentication for automating passport control. Special Appli- cation Programming Interface (API) licensed from Iridian Technologies has been used in this development.
A note on continuity of magnetization at criticality for the ferromagnetic Ising model on amenable quasi-transitive graphs with exponential growth

The purpose of this modest note is to point out that the proof of the recent result of Huchcroft concerning continuity of phase transition in Bernoulli percolation is applicable to the setting of the Ising model with free boundary condition. This observation, together with a recent result of Aizenman, Duminil-Copin, and Sidoravicius implies that the Ising model on amenable quasi-transitive graph with exponential growth undergoes a second order phase transition.
A Dual Frequency Monopole Antenna with Double Spurlines for PCS and Bluetooth Applications

─ Design of a simple and compact dual frequency monopole antenna for applications in PCS (Personal Communication System) and Bluetooth system is presented. The first operating frequency is achieved from a traditional monopole antenna structure for the frequency of 1.9 GHz for PCS application while the second operating frequency is obtained from two spurline structures etched on the traditional monopole antenna structure for the frequency of 2.4 GHz for Bluetooth application. Both simulated and experimental results, such as reflection coefficients and VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), are presented and discussed. The radiation pattern measurements are also performed. From the measured results, the first operating band covers between 1.851 and 1.98 GHz, and the second operating band covers between 2.28 and 2.53 GHz. The proposed antenna is compact and suitable to be used for applications in the PCS and Bluetooth system. Index Terms ─ Double spurlines, dual frequency, monopole antennas.
Recovery of Scenic Beauty of a Lake in Urban Park from Environmental Diagnosis and Implantation of Mitigating Measures

The city of Sao Paulo, state of Sao Paulo/Brazil, with about 12 million inhabitants is considered the largest city in Latin America. Just as in other large metropolises it is devoid of green areas, in this way it is of great socio-environmental importance of the preservation and maintenance of parks and green areas of the municipality. The Fernando Costa Park, known as the Parque da agua Branca, is an urban park located in the central region of the Municipality of S? o Paulo, and has more than 79 thousand m2 of green area, in a total area of 137 thousand m2. Two lakes, populated predominantly with carp, are inserted in the Park, and are important components of the urban landscape and the patrimony of the city, present landscape function (scenic beauty) and are used to contemplate the environment and leisure of the population. The lakes due to the intense eutrophication process with uncontrolled growth of the phytoplankton presented blue-green coloration, with formations of lumps and foams, low transparency, bad smell and unpleasant visual aspect impairing the visitation of this place. In the first stage of the present research, an environmental diagnosis was carried out and the second stage involved elaboration and implementation of mitigating measures aiming at its restoration. The recovery proposal included the implementation of Artificial Floating Islands (IFAs) aiming at pollution control. After 60 days, it was possible to observe the efficiency of the Eichhornia crassipes populated islands showing that the methodology of phytoremediation was efficient in controlling the eutrophication of urban lakes, guaranteeing the recovery and conservation of the scenic beauty of these places.
WHERE IS THE "EDUCATION" IN CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS IN EDUCATION?

Resumen economico por destino del gasto publico federal del ramo 11 de educacion . Presupuesto de egresos de la federacion para el ejercicio fiscal 2004. Retrieved 12 August 2004 from SHCP (2004b). Estrategia Programatica del Ramo 20 del Gasto Publico Federal: Desarrollo Social . Presupuesto de egresos de la federacion para el ejercicio fiscal 2004. Retrieved 12 August 2004 from SHCP (2003a). Resumen administrativo del Ramo 20 del Gasto Publico Federal: Desarrollo Social . Presupuesto de egresos de la federacion para el ejercicio fiscal 2003. Retrieved 12 August 2004 from SHCP (2003b). Resumen programatico economico financiero del Ramo 11 del Gasto Publico Federal: Educacion
“Too Good to Be True”

This chapter examines how body image deception is created and understood in social media. The authors focus specifically on the beach body, which is a narrower form of bodily representation online, but where deception is especially likely to occur. Focus group discussions with young adults revealed that editing and perfecting the beach body is commonplace and even normalized on social media. However, participants distinguished between celebrities and friends in expected use of manipulation and seemed to place a limit on the acceptable types of manipulation: body tan but not body shape, for example. The authors discuss the implications of these discussions and how applying deception theory in body image research can provide useful insights.
The “power of incantation”: A linguistic analysis of European theme parks’ websites

Representing “an instance of highly specialized discourse” (Gotti 2006, p. 21), the language of tourism has become an area of great interest in academia, where its multifaceted essence has been studied from different, but intertwined, perspectives. A common feature that characterizes tourist materials is the shared aim of convincing future clients to choose the tourist attraction they are promoting, implementing specific verbal, visual and multimodal techniques. Amongst the strategies commonly associated with the language of tourism promotion tense and magic can be found (Dann 1996). The first projects the tourist outside of present time, denying the existence of time itself, or by transporting the tourist into a nostalgic past or into a utopic future. Magic, on the other hand, relies on the “power of incantation”, and on the transportation to locations that do not only exist outside of time, but also outside of a physical place. This contribution aims at investigating how such strategies come into play in the promotion of major theme parks across Europe. Looking specifically at the language used in the construction of narratives in the official websites of eight major European theme parks, the data will be analysed through both a qualitative and quantitative approach. The use of keywords and expressions pertaining to these two dimensions will be analysed and commented upon, with the aim of investigating which distinctive promotional strategies are used to “convert [tourists] from potential to actual clients” (Dann 1996, p. 2) in the domain of theme parks.
A NOVEL MINEFIELD DETECTION APPROACH BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Battlefleld surveillance is a common application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), in which minefleld detection is a challenging task. In this paper, a novel minefleld detection approach is proposed via the morphological diversities between targets and background. Firstly, SAR image speckle is suppressed efiectively by total variation, and targets edges are preserved well. Secondly, a nonlinear transform is introduced to map the special distributed targets, e.g., landmines, into spot targets. Lastly, the modiflcation of morphological component analysis is adopted to improve the signal- to-clutter ratio and separate the spot targets from image. The performance of the proposed approach is validated by using the data acquired over an airship mounted SAR system.
Spontaneous Photon Emissions in Photoreceptors: Potential Convergence of Arrhenius Reactions and the Latency for Rest Mass Photons to Accelerate to Planck Unit Energies

Spontaneous or phasic voltage shifts normally occur across the plasma membranes of photoreceptors without impingement from external photons on average once every ~38 s (26 mHz). There have been arguments that all living cells spontaneously exhibit Bokkon-type ~10 -12 W·m -2 ultraweak photon emissions (UPE) independent of temperature-based Arrhenius reactions. However the non-Gaussian distribution of the phasic voltage-photon events can be accommodated by the results of accelerating mass equivalents of resting photons into the time frame of single electron orbits which would require ~38 s. This condition is strongly dependent upon the presence of free protons within Pollack’s interfacial water states. The duration associated with the energy from the magnetic moment of a proton in a 1 nT magnetic field generated by 2 pA currents through channels across the membrane when divided into Planck’s constant is ~38 s. Second shell activation energies (~10 -20 J) that are correlated with proton movements within a human photoreceptor’s volume of water result in a rate constant that is equivalent to energy within the range of Cosmic Microwave Background. One solution to accommodate the median emission of ~2·10 -12 W·m -2 as a mass volume within a cell, the equivalent magnetic field strength of 1 nT, the interconnected 10 -20 J and the diffusivity coupled to the hydrogen line suggests UPE may be reverse reactions from all living mass originating as Popp’s primordial solar photon energy. If these convergence solutions are valid then non-local photon formation would be the source of these spontaneous shifts in photoreceptors that would be mediated by a plethora of local physical chemical manifestations.
Symbolic Interactionism and the Perceived Style of Parenting

This article utilizes a symbolic interactionist approach in an investigation of perceived parenting during early adulthood. The aim is to explore the family environment and family relationships in the light of how parenting is constructed through the interaction of parents with their children and with society. The findings from semi-structured interviews conducted with adult volunteer respondents concerning their recollections of their relations with their parents are summarized. This provides the basis for outlining subjective experiences of the social environment and perceived parenting styles from a retrospective point of view in respect to gender and age differentiation.
Experimental evidence for L! evy statistics in single-molecule spectroscopy in a low-temperature glass–manifestation of long-range interactions

We demonstrate that the statistical behavior of the random line shapes of single tetra-tert-butylterrylene chromophores embedded in an amorphous polyisobutylene matrix at T 1⁄4 2 K is described by L! evy statistics. Recently, Barkai et al., suggested to characterize random line shapes of single molecules in glasses by their cumulants k1; k2;k3; etc. Using Geva–Skinner model for single-molecule spectroscopy in low-temperature glasses, which is based on the standard tunneling model, the theory predicts that probability densities Pðk1Þ; Pðk2Þ; etc., are L! evy stable laws provided that the glass dynamics is described by a slow modulation limit. Analyzing our experimental data we show that the distributions of the first two cumulants are indeed compatible with L! evy statistics; thus, the generalized central limit theorem is applicable to this system. The emergence of L! evy stable laws in this system is due to long-range interactions between two-level systems and the single molecule. The widths of the distribution functions Pðk1Þ and Pðk2Þ are non-universal in the sense that they depend on the coupling of the molecule to the host glass. We investigate a universal amplitude ratio (i.e., ratio of widths) which shows that our results are in agreement with the assumptions of the standard tunneling model of low-temperature glasses. We briefly discuss other long-range interacting systems and models, for which L! evy statistics plays an important role. r 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 61.43. Fs; 05.40. Fb; 78.66. Jg
Strong stability of positive and compartmental linear systems

In positive systems inputs, state variables and outputs take only non-negative values. Examples of positive systems are industrial processes involving chemical reactors, heat exchangers and distillation columns, storage systems, compartmental systems, water and atmospheric pollution models. A variety of models having positive linear behavior can be found in engineering, management science, economics, social sciences, biology and medicine, etc. Positive linear systems are defined on cones and not on linear spaces. Therefore, the theory of positive systems in more complicated and less advanced. An overview of state of the art in positive systems theory is given in the monographs [1, 2]. The compartmental systems are a special subsets of the positive systems [3–4]. The concept of strong stability of linear time-invariant systems are introduced in the paper [5]. The strong stability has been related to the asymptotic stability, system structure and skewness of eigenframe and the state-space transformations under which the strong stability is a system invariant has been also characterized. In this note the concept of strong stability will be extended for positive and compartmental linear systems. It will be shown that the asymptotically stable positive and compartmental systems are strongly stable if the eigenvalues of the system matrix are distinct and electrical circuits consisting of resistances, capacitances (inductances) and source voltages are strongly stable. To the best knowledge of the author the strong stability of positive and compartmental linear systems has not been considered yet.
Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Imidazole Antimycotics in Human Urine by using RPLC Technique

Imidazoles are well known heterocyclic compounds having important feature of a variety of medicinal agents. Studies with imidazole containing compounds are great importance in the clinical use of drugs. The presence of imidazole group in the molecules of lanoconazole (LCZ) and butoconazole (BCZ) is very important for its chemical and analytical behavior. Target analytes were efficiently separated with a Pinnacle DB Cyano column (5 μm, 4.6 x 250 mm I.D.) and oxiconazole (OCZ) used as an internal standard. In this study, correlation between the retention factors of the solutes and pH of the mobile phase was determined at ten pH values in acetonitrile-water binary mixture. In optimization condition, quantification of these drugs were performed in human urine. The linear responses were observed over a wide concentration range (6.25.10-6-3.13.10-5 mol L-1 for LCZ and 6.32.10-6 2.53.10-5 mol L-1 for BCZ) in human urine. The method were validated by determining the limits of detection (LODs, 2.01.10-6 5.50.10-7 mol L-1), the limits of quantification (LOQs, 6.08.10-6 1.67.10-6 mol L-1), recoveries (99.14%, 99.93%) and intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs, <1%). The data presented in this report demonstrate a rapid, sensitive and accurate method for the simultaneous analysis of LCZ and BCZ in human urine for pharmacokinetic studies.
Hydrologic and chemical control of Phragmites growth in tidal marshes of SW Connecticut, USA

We compared hydrology and porewater chemistry along transects in 3 tidal marshes vegetated by Spartina alterniflora and by the invasive species Phragmites australis. Relative to the Phragmites zone, the S. alterniflora zone occurred at lower tidal elevations in all 3 marshes and was characterized by greater depth of flooding and shorter periods of water-table drawdown below the soil surface. Penetration by Phragmites into the S. alterniflora zone appeared to be limited by exten- sive soil saturation at the leading edge of Phragmites growth. This mixed-species zone occurred at the intersection of the low-tide groundwater table with the soil surface and was characterized by sig- nificantly higher concentrations of porewater sulfide (739 ± 63 µM) relative to the monospecific Phragmites zone (335 ± 63 µM). Dissolved ammonium and phosphate concentrations were also sig- nificantly lower in the Phragmites zone relative to S. alterniflora and mixed-species zones of vegeta- tion. Discriminant analysis of the measured hydrologic and chemical variables identified depth of flooding, flooding frequency and duration, and sulfide concentration, as the most significant vari- ables distinguishing Phragmites stands along the estuarine salinity gradient. Together, these results indicate a greater flooding tolerance by Phragmites in marshes where porewater sulfide and salinity are lower. From a hydrologic and chemical perspective, opportunities for Phragmites invasion and expansion should be greater in oligohaline and mesohaline tidal marshes relative to polyhaline habitats. To control the growth of Phragmites in tidal marshes of management concern, both the feasibility and need for methods that increase flooding depth, frequency, salinity and/or sulfide concentrations should be considered.
Timing And Holidays Duration For People Residing In The Province Of Bologna

The survey carried out in late 2004 in the Province of Bologna made possible an analysis of the main characteristics of holidays taken in the two-year period 2003-2004. In particular, we evaluated the effects of several sociodemographic traits on the propensity of holidaymaking, taking longer holidays, and starting holidays in peak season. The analyses were developed using multivariate models including Heckman models based on estimation of simultaneous equations in order to take into account the selection bias embedded in the phenomenon under study. Results highlight that tourist behaviours are strongly affected by personal and unobserved attitudes. However, area of residence and occupational status (to be a worker or non-worker, and working category) emerge as key factors that influence holidaymaking propensity and holiday length.