Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing transfer and non-transfer college students’ mathematics professional vision

This research focuses on the importance of attending to transfer students in mathematics departments at research universities. This study explores the development of professional vision among mathematics transfer students, through examining community, “student” skills, and students’ future career aspirations. A bundle of three transitional mathematics course for transfer students offered concurrently at a four-year research university provided the setting, and we compared transfer students enrolled in bundle, non-bundle transfer students, and non-transfer students. Overall, students identified differences in their mathematical communities, their development as mathematics students, and their resources for career pathways.
Impact of Surface Protonation on Crystallization

The mechanism by which the heterogeneous crystallization of molecules occurs on polymer substrates is elucidated in this work. Interfacial electrostatic interactions between the substrate and the crystallizing molecules can play an important role in heterogeneous crystallization. In this study, chitosan (CS) with different degrees of protonation was used to prepare films or substrates. Acetaminophen (APAP) was the model compound to crystallize on the substrates. Experiments of crystal growth rate and crystallization kinetics of APAP on CS films were conducted, and the interfacial energy approach was employed to explain the observed difference. It was found that the crystal growth rate was not affected by the degree of protonation of the film, but the crystallization kinetics of APAP was faster when APAP was crystallized on highly-protonated CS. The faster crystallization kinetics is believed to be caused by the lower interfacial energy between highly-protonated CS and the APAP nucleus.
Repairing legitimacy through discourses: insights from the Volkswagen’s 2015 diesel scandal

Purpose This study aims to explore how corporate discourses enact legitimation strategies aimed at repairing pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy types (Suchman, 1995) after a scandal involving sustainability, namely, the Volkswagen’s 2015 diesel scandal. Design/methodology/approach By drawing on the discursive nature of legitimacy, this study conducts a critical discourse analysis to identify how the scandal is depicted and which semantic, grammatical and lexical features characterise discourses. It then relates discourses and their features to legitimation strategies that help repair diverse types of legitimacy. Findings To repair pragmatic legitimacy, discourses on a few actors and processes enact strategies of creating monitors and avoiding panic. Such discourses include grammatical features only. Discourses on the event, actors, processes and topics of apology, trust and integrity aim to repair moral legitimacy. Enriched with grammatical and lexical features, they mobilise disassociation, excuse, justify and restructure strategies. Discourses on the event, actors, processes and topics of corporate qualities, history and future strategy help repair cognitive legitimacy by enacting an avoiding panic strategy. Grammatical, lexical and semantic features characterise such discourses. Research limitations/implications The study reveals the potentials of critical discourse analysis to bring out from texts practical modes of communicating, and specifically those discourses and features of discourses that serve legitimacy purposes. Originality/value This study offers insights into the connection among discourses, relegitimation strategies and legitimacy types by combining the discursive nature of legitimacy with critical discourse analysis. It also contributes to the growing literature on how organisations face the legitimacy challenges raised by scandals involving sustainability.
Social listening, modern slavery, and COVID-19

Abstract In addition to the public health crisis visited upon the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has created unique uncertainties for organisations engaged with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), spanning a range of matters, such as maintaining operational momentum, financial sustainability, achieving policy influence, and engaging in strategic communications. In this article, we focus on organisations engaged in the fight against modern slavery, a significant part of Sustainable Development Goal 8, which seeks to ‘promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all’ with a particular focus on the call for states to ‘[t]ake immediate and effective measures to … end modern slavery’ (SDG 8.7). Our analysis highlights the importance of ‘social listening’ during the temporal and spatial progression of COVID-19 to: (a) facilitate the identification of agenda proxies reflected in strategic communications used by anti-slavery organisations, and (b) to provide insights into changing communication tactics deployed by these organisations in the context of mass-communication using social media as a result of the global pandemic.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise the largest class of chemical compounds to be known as cancer-causing agents. Some, while not carcinogenic, may act as synergists. PAHs are being found permanently in water, air, soil, and, therefore, also in foods. PAHs originate from diverse sources such as tobacco smoke, engine exhausts, petroleum distillates, and coal-derived products, with combustion sources predominating (Bartle 1991). So, food contamination by PAHs from the environmental sources is realistic in every stage of raw material, or food “live” with regard to the permanent formation and presence of these compounds in the environment. Moreover, PAHs may also form directly in food as a result of some thermal processes such as charcoal grilling (Mottier et al. 2000; Fretheim 1983; Panek et al. 1995), roasting (Kruijf et al. 1987), smoke drying (Afolabi et al. 1983), and smoking (Simko 2002, 2005). An important way of food contamination is also the application of contaminated additives (Stijve and Hischenhuber 1987), or migration from the contaminated package (Grob et al. 1991; Simko et al. 1995), respectively. Owing to the adverse effects to living organisms, attention has been paid to their formation and occurrence in various food products (Tamakawa et al. 1996; Plaza-Bolanos et al. 2010; Simko 2011a,b). 16.1. 1 History
The effect of organomodified ZnAl LDH for in situ synthesis and the properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)-layered double hydroxide (PET–LDH) composites were prepared by intercalation, followed by in situ polymerization. To enhance the compatibility between PET and the modified LDH, the sodium salt of sulfanilic acid (SAS) had been previously intercalated in the LDH. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to detect the degree of dispersion of the filler and the type of the polymeric composites obtained. As identified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, the crystallization rate and the thermal degradation temperature of the as-prepared PET nanocomposites sample were enhanced compared with the pristine PET sample. The results indicated that the modified ZnAl LDH-SAS improves the interlayer compatibility between the PET and ZnAl LDH-SAS layers, thus making it easier for the oligomer to enter the gallery of ZnAl LDH-SAS layers. Hence, polymer chains can be intercalated between the LDH layers during the polymerization of the polymer matrix. The gas barriers and mechanical properties of these new types of PET nanocomposites were investigated.
A Novel Highly Selective and Sensitive Nano-Molar Cu(I), Cu(II) Modified Carbon Paste Sensors Based on Thiosemicarbazide and Acetaldehydethiosemicarbazone

A novel highly selective and sensitive nano Molar Concentration Cu(I) and Cu(II) ion-chemically modified carbon based electrode (CMCPE) based on the metal complexes, [Cu(HTS)(TS)(ac)2]. (C2H5OH) or [Cu(ATS)2(ac)(H2O)]. (H2O) dissolved in tricresyl phosphate (TCP) as pasting liquid were prepared. The modified electrodes showed Nernstian slopes of 60.5 mV and 29.5±1 mV per decade for Cu(I) or Cu(II) ions over the concentration range 0.012 nM up to 1.0×10 −2 M and 0.016 nM up to 7.9×10 −3 M and a detection limit of 0.398 and 0.630 nM respectively. The sensor has a relatively fast response time of < 10 s and it can be used in the pH range of 3.8–8.0. The selectivity coefficients for mono-, di-, and trivalent cations indicate the good selectivity of sensor for Cu (I) and Cu (II) ions over a large number of interfering cations. As a result the proposed electrodes were applied to Cu (I) and Cu (II) ions determination in mixture soutions, waste water samples. The materials [Cu(TS)(HTS)(ac)2]. (C2H5OH) and [Cu(ATS)2(ac)(H2O)]. (H2O), were isolated by the anodic dissolution of Copper metal in an anhydrous acetone solution of the ligands where HTS is thiosemicarbazide, HATS is acetaldehydethiosemicarbazone ligand and ac = acetone. Elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductance, thermal analysis and spectroscopic techniques has been used for characterization and elucidation for the structure the isolated materials. [Cu(TS)(HTS)(ac)2]. (C2H5OH) shows diamagnetic moment which may be arising from anodic dissolution of Cu(I) during the electrolysis of Copper metal during electrochemical preparation.
Biocompatibility Effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma Strains on Growth, Nodulation and Physiological Traits of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Water Deficit Conditions

In the future, drought are expected to increase, affecting the productivity of crops sensitive to water scarcity. Through N2-fixation process, soybean is capable of achieving its nitrogen demands, however, this process is inhibited under drought stress conditions. Therefore, it is vital to find suitable solutions for the agricultural sustainability of soybean. Under pot experiment, biocompatibility was studied between Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma strains (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and T. kongii) for their ability to stimulate the growth, nodulation, N content and photosynthetic pigments of soybean plants under different irrigation intervals (every 2 days (I1), every 4 days (I2), and every 6 days (I3)). The experiment was conducted in summer 2020 with a split-plot randomized complete block design and six replicates. Among the Trichoderma strains, T. harzianum was the most tolerant to growth and auxin production in the maximum 25% PEG 6000 (poly ethylene glycol) concentration. Also, co-inoculation treatment (irrigation every 6 days and inoculation with B. japonicum + T. harzianum) recorded an increase rate Original Research Article El-Nahrawy et al.; JAMB, 20(11): 52-66, 2020; Article no.JAMB. 63849 53 reached to 69.4% for shoot length, 102.53% for root length, 79.06% for shoot dry weight, 103.44% for root dry weight and 178.57% for N content compared to control treatment. For physiological traits (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and total soluble sugar), there was a significant increase was observed when soybean plants inoculated with B. japonicum + T. harzianum treatment followed by B. japonicum + T. kongii treatment, under irrigation every 6 days condition. On the contrary, a decrease was observed in proline content for the same treatments. Thus, an adequate microbial consortium of Bradyrhizobium Trichoderma, could represent a promising practical method for increasing the productivity of soybean especially when grown under drought conditions.
Bibliometric analysis of the most cited articles in BRICS research

Bibliometric analysis identifies the most impactful and prolific journals, authors, countries, and institutions by assessing the most cited articles in a specific research area. The aim of this study is to analyze and to provide a scope of modern scientific products related to BRICS. The 100 most cited articles related to the BRICS research were retrieved from the study “(BRICS)” in the Scopus database. The variables collected and included in this analysis are: number of citations, article title, first author’s name, year and journal of publication and its impact factor, theme and country mentioned in the database at the time of publication, and category of the paper (original article or review).
The vitamin C, thiamine and steroids (VICTAS) in sepsis

nurakkayap@gmail.com ABSTRACT Sepsis is organ failure caused by an infection. It is one of the leading causes of in-hospital mortality worldwide. Standard treatment uses broad- spectrum antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and vasopressor support in resistant hypotensive patients. Nevertheless, high morbidity and mortality rates in severe sepsis and septic shock have led to the search for new treatment modalities. In this review, we discuss the effects of intravenous ascorbic acid (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B1) and steroid treatment in addition to standard treatment in patients with severe sepsis and septic
Educational Activities for Developing Social Entrepreneurship

The purpose of this article is to analyse educational activities undertaken in the area ofsocial entrepreneurship. The main conclusions are that respondents do not know about social entrepreneurship and social initiatives are undertaken only to a minimal extent; education for social entrepreneurship is at an unacceptable level. Thus, education in economics in Poland should be enriched with social economy and social entrepreneurship. An essential element that can positively affect the development of social entrepreneurship is the support of social activities undertaken by young people within a broader debate about the social dimension of our lives.
A Backdrivable Kinematically Redundant (6+3)-Degree-of-Freedom Hybrid Parallel Robot for Intuitive Sensorless Physical Human–Robot Interaction

A novel backdrivable 3-[R(RR-RRR)SR] kinematically redundant (6+3)-degree-of-freedom (DOF) spatial hybrid parallel robot with revolute actuators is proposed for low-impedance physical human–robot interaction. The kinematic model is developed based on the constraint conditions of the robot. It is shown that the type II (parallel) singularities can be completely avoided, thereby yielding a very large translational and orientational workspace. A workspace analysis is presented in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the robot. Mechanisms are then introduced to use the redundant DOF of the robot to operate a gripper with the robot actuators, which are mounted on or close to the base, thus reducing the inertia of the moving parts. The architecture of the robot makes it possible to use direct drive motors, thereby making the robot easily backdrivable and allowing the use of a very simple and effective controller. A prototype of the robot is then designed and built and the large workspace of the robot as well as the effortless physical human–robot interaction are demonstrated. The controller of the robot is then described, including a position control mode and a control mode for physical interaction, which does not require the use of a force/torque sensor or joint torque sensors. Because of its backdrivability and low moving inertia, the robot is particularly well-suited for physical human–robot interaction, as demonstrated in the accompanying videos.
Soil Humus Fractions

Soil organic matter may be differentiated into humic and nonhumic components. Humic components or humus are the highly transformed, dark brown to black materials that are closely associated with the mineral fraction. Nonhumic material includes both particulate matter (e.g., dead roots) and simple soluble components that are part of the soil solution. Although the definition is straightforward, the consistent separation of humic and nonhumic components is problematic. It is a challenge to develop experimental methods that consistently and definitively separate humic and nonhumic fractions. MacCarthy (2001) postulated that humic substances are unique in nature and have qualities unlike any other natural substances. The first principle postulates that humic substances represent a supermixture of an extremely wide array of chemical structures. In all likelihood the probability of finding two identical structures is exceedingly remote. By understanding humic substances in this way, it is evident that classical approaches based on isolation, purification, and finally identification of discrete chemical compounds and structures do not apply. This is not to say that extractions should not be used, but that they should be used within the context of this new understanding of the limitations of the classical methods. Despite concernsabouttheefficiencyofextractions(generallyless thanone-halfof thehumus is extracted) and the creation of artifacts during the extraction, extraction and fractionation remain important steps in many studies. Extraction separates the humic materials from the complicating presence of the mineral fraction, removes other inorganic interferences, increases concentration, and renders the organic matter soluble (Swift 1996). The extraction of organic matter with alkali, the subsequent separation of the extract from the remaining soil, and the acidification of the extract results in three operationally defined fractions: humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and humin. The FA is the generally yellowish-colored fraction that remains in solution after acidification of the alkaline extract, the HA is the dark brown to black precipitate resulting from the acidification of the extract, and the humin is the material not extracted. About 30% to 60% of the soil humus is removed with alkali extractants.
Tunnel Geology Prediction Using a Neural Network Based on Instrumented Drilling Test

Reliable geology prediction is of great importance in ensuring the stability and safety of tunnels and other underground engineering projects. This paper presents basic neural network and deep neural network models using a genetic algorithm (GA) to predict geological conditions for tunneling. Batch normalization and GA optimization approaches are employed in the deep neural network. A case study of the Jiudingshan Tunnel on the Chuxiong–Dali Highway in Yunnan, China, shows that the neural network method can predict geological conditions well, especially for rock types with voluminous data, for which predictive accuracy exceeds 90%. These results suggest that an appropriately trained neural network can reliably and accurately predict the geological conditions behind the tunnel face. The area under the curve (AUC) and confusion matrix evaluations show that the accuracy performance of the deep neural network exceeds that of the basic neural network. The feature importance of each drilling parameter was also analyzed; the results indicate that a neural network model for geology prediction can achieve predictive accuracy with few drilling parameters. The neural network geology prediction method provides reliable results for dynamic tunnel design.
Adaptation As Controllable Process For Decision Making Improvement

This study explores adaptation as a factor of decision quality improvement. It stems from the assertion that the quality of a decision shall be determined by the ensuing reduction of uncertainty rather than by the decision implementation outcome. The paper builds upon the tenets of transformational theory, game theory, cognitive science as well as the ideas of a quantitative description of how information resources contribute to the output of products. We investigate causal relationships associated with the cognitive trap of equating the quality of the decision with its implementation outcome. The phenomenon of adaptation is proposed to be considered as a controllable process of uncertainty reduction. We advance the thesis that transformation of quantity of knowledge into quality that occurs in an adaptive system drives the uncertainty reduction thus increasing the decision-making quality. The conjecture is tested that, at each point in time, the adaptation speed is inversely proportional to the laboriousness of training. The results obtained with two training simulators are analyzed, and the patterns of the adaptation process revealed for two types of thinking: the reflexive mind and reasoning mind. Also, we identify the features of decision making as observed in the course of controlled adaptation and determine the efficiency limits of adaptation as such controllable process.
Greenwashing, marketing ecologista y marketing ecológico: El caso de Mattel y Asia Pulp & Paper

Greenwashing consists of the use of misleading advertising and other techniques to present companies as environmentally responsible while hiding their true environmental impact. In this article we contrast greenwashing with that of green marketing, which involves a real effort to integrate green values compatible with profit, and with ecologist marketing, carried out by environmental NGOs and often used to unmask the practices by greenwashing. We present the case study of Mattel and Asia Pulp & Paper, whose greenwashing practices were denounced by NGOs such as Greenpeace and WWF, and we describe how these allegations forced companies to undertake real green marketing actions. We conclude by showing the interrelationship between greenwashing and ecologist marketing and presenting ecological marketing as the most effective bet to guarantee the sustainability of both companies and the environment.
Removal of Cr3+ in Aqueous Solutions by Zeolite A/Activated Carbon Composite Synthesized from Elutrilithe

In this work, the zeolite A/activated carbon (A/AC) composite was synthesized from elutrilithe and pitch, and the removal of Cr3+ from aqueous solutions has been evaluated. The effects of batch experiment conditions, such as solution pH, contact time and initial concentration, on Cr3+ adsorption performances were investigated. The results demonstrated A/AC exhibited effective adsorption ability for the removal of Cr3+ in comparison with elutrilithe. The adsorption isotherm data could be better fitted by Langmuir-Freundlich model. The fitted data shows that the adsorption surface is heterogeneous. Removal of Cr3+ contributes to the ion exchange of zeolite and electrostatic adsorption of activated carbon. Keywords-Chromium removal; Adsorption; Zeolite A/ activated carbon; Isotherms
Analysis of Blood flow Through Artery with Mild Stenosis

Arterial stenosis is an abnormal condition in arteries due to the deposition of fats and other substances, called atherosclerosis. As it restricts the blood flow, it may induce a heart attack. Employing the Navier-Stokes equations, we consider the blood flow in an artery with the presence of a stenosis in an axisymmetric shape. We analyze the blood flow dynamics in cylindrical form by evaluating pressure, pressure drop against the wall, shear stress on the wall. We also analyze the dynamics by evaluating the ratio of pressure drop with stenosis to the pressure drop without stenosis against the wall, and the ratio of maximum to minimum shear stresses with the ratios of various thicknesses of stenosis to radius of the artery.