Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Clinicopathological Manifestations of Human Aspergillosis

Aspergillus species are important fungi of the environment, some of them being responsible for severe infections. Many distinct diseases form the human aspergillosis spectrum. The pathomechanisms differ according to the affected organ and the immune status of the patient. The fungus can be responsible for allergic reactions. It may also act as a saprophytic colonizer of air spaces. Infection may remain limited to the skin and nails. It may also be invasive, particularly in immunocompromised patients, in the lungs, paranasal sinus and gastrointestinal tract. Hematogeneous disseminated aspergillosis represents another dramatic form of the disease.
Intrinsic rewards, fruit and vegetable consumption, and habit strength: a three-wave study testing the associative-cybernetic model.

BACKGROUND Habit formation is thought to lead to long-term maintenance of fruit and vegetable consumption. Habits develop through context-dependent repetition, but additional variables such as intrinsic reward of behaviour may influence habit strength. Drawing upon the Associative-Cybernetic Model, this exploratory study tested different pathways by which intrinsic reward may influence fruit and vegetable consumption habit strength. METHODS In a three-wave study of fruit and vegetable intake in adults (N = 127) from the general population, intrinsic reward, intention, and self-efficacy were assessed at baseline, fruit and vegetable consumption and intrinsic reward two weeks later, and habit strength another two weeks later. Direct, indirect, and moderation effects of intrinsic reward on habit strength were tested simultaneously in a moderated mediation model. RESULTS Intrinsic reward had a positive indirect effect on habit strength through its influence on the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption. Further, the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and habit was stronger where consumption was considered more intrinsically rewarding. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the potential relevance of intrinsic reward to habit. We suggest that intrinsic rewards from behaviour may not only facilitate habit via behaviour frequency, but also reinforce the relationship between behavioural repetition and habit strength.
Viral infections and molecular mimicry in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by inflammation of pancreatic islets associated with autoimmunity against insulin‐producing beta cells, leading to their progressive destruction. The condition constitutes a significant and worldwide problem to human health, particularly because of its rapid, but thus far unexplained, increase in incidence. Environmental factors such as viral infections are thought to account for this trend. While there is no lack of reports associating viral infections toT1D, it has proven difficult to establish which immunological processes link viral infections to disease onset or progression. One of the commonly discussed pathways is molecular mimicry, a mechanism that encompasses cross‐reactive immunity against epitopes shared between viruses and beta cells. In this review, we will take a closer look at mechanistic evidence for a potential role of viruses in T1D, with a special focus on molecular mimicry.
Pulsing electromagnetic field treatment in ununited fractures and failed arthrodeses

Pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) induce weak electric currents in bone by external coils on casts or skin. This surgically noninvasive, outpatient method, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November 1979, produced confirmed end results in 1,007 ununited fractures and 71 failed arthrodeses, worldwide. Overall success at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center was 81%; internationally, 79%; and in other patients in the United States, 76%. Treatment with PEMFs was effective in 75% of 332 patients (a subset) with an average 4.7-year disability duration, an average of 3.4 previous operative failures to produce union, and a 35% rate of infection. Eighty-four percent of carpal naviculars and 82% of femoral neck-trochanteric nonunions were united. After attempted arthrodeses could not salvage a failed total-knee prosthesis, PEMFs promoted healing in 85% of patients. When coils were unsuccessful alone, combining them with surgical repair was effective.
Small-scale flock seroprevalence study indicates incomplete natural protection against SBV

SEROPREVALENCE surveys of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in sheep flocks in Belgium (Meroc and others 2013), France (Gache and others 2013) and the Netherlands (Elbers and others 2012, Veldhuis and others 2013) suggest that some flocks in previously affected areas remain at risk of repeat infection with SBV. In the absence of a UK study we would like to report the preliminary findings of a small-scale survey in seven previously affected early lambing pedigree flocks in the south west of England. Flocks with a history of births, stillbirths and/or abortions of lambs in November and December 2012 observed with congenital malformations typical of …
The human polyomavirus BK (BKPyV): virological background and clinical implications

Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) infects most people subclinically during childhood and establishes a lifelong infection in the renourinary tract. In most immunocompetent individuals, the infection is completely asymptomatic, despite frequent episodes of viral reactivation with shedding into the urine. In immunocompromised patients, reactivation followed by high‐level viral replication can lead to severe disease: 1–10% of kidney transplant patients develop polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (PyVAN) and 5–15% of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients develop polyomavirus‐associated haemorrhagic cystitis (PyVHC). Other conditions such as ureteric stenosis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia and vasculopathy have also been associated with BKPyV infection in immunocompromised individuals. Although BKPyV has been associated with cancer development, especially in the bladder, definitive evidence of a role in human malignancy is lacking. Diagnosis of PyVAN and PyVHC is mainly achieved by quantitative PCR of urine and plasma, but also by cytology, immunohistology and electron microscopy. Despite more than 40 years of research on BKPyV, there is still no effective antiviral therapy. The current treatment strategy for PyVAN is to allow reconstitution of immune function by reducing or changing the immunosuppressive medication. For PyVHC, treatment is purely supportive. Here, we present a summary of the accrued knowledge regarding BKPyV.
The Health Connection at Cedar Crest College

The Health Connection is a program designed by Student Affairs staff and faculty to provide undergraduate women with the knowledge and tools to lead healthy and productive lives. The Health Connection promotes a culture that encourages and supports biological, psychological, social, and spiritual health. The goals of the program are achieved through education, experience, and research. The educational component is comprised of health and wellness courses, lectures, and conferences. Experiences include weight training, aerobics, swimming, yoga, meditation, and a competitive program focusing on the development of healthy behaviors. Research includes a comprehensive longitudinal study of students’ health beliefs and practices. The Health Connection has transformed the culture on this college campus and has changed the health practices of the campus community.
The Bridle Procedure for the Treatment of Dorsiflexion Paralysis of the Foot

The Bridle procedure consists of a posterior tibial tendon transfer through the interosseus membrane to the dorsum of the foot to replace the loss of dorsiflexion paralysis with a triple insertion (a) bony insertion on the middle cuneiform bone, (b) tendon anastomosis to the anterior tibial, and (c) the peroneus longus tendons completing the Bridle effect on the paralyzed foot. The patient should have a prerequisite to a successful result: (a) full passive motion of the paralyzed foot in dorsiflexion, usually an Achilles tendon lengthening is done at the time of surgery, (b) no bony deformity of this paralyzed foot. If one exists, this should be appropriately corrected before the tendon transfer, and (c) significant strength of the posterior tibial muscle that will be transferred preferably a grade 4 or 5.
Clinical Significance of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)

AKMMC J 2013; 4(1): 3-5 individuals with poorly controlled diabetes, the quantities of these glycated hemoglobins are much higher than in healthy people.9 The HbA1c level is directly proportional to average blood glucose concentration over the previous 4 weeks to 3 months or the average lifespan of the erythrocyte. However, it is important to remember that HbA1c only reflects glucose concentrations over 4 to 8 weeks provided there is a normal hemoglobin concentration and normal red blood cell survival.1,10
Prognosis of pT3N0M0 Patients with Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Invading the Chest Wall

━━ Background. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate clinical factors apart from lymph node involvement that would affect prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invading the chest wall. To exclude the effect of lymph node involvement, we reviewed our experience of resected pT3N0M0 NSCLC. Methods. A total of 79 patients with pT3N0M0 NSCLC invading the chest wall or parietal pleura who had undergone complete resection in our hospital from 1977 to 2001. The extent of chest wall invasion was evaluated by postoperative histologic examination. We evaluated factors that would affect prognosis: they in-cluded gender, histology, tumor size, rib resection, extent of invasion and postoperative adjuvant therapy. Results. The overall 5-year survival rate was 32.7％. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the extent of chest wall invasion was significantly associated with prognosis. The 5-year survival rate was 40.6％ among patients with tumors invading only the parietal pleura, and 15.0％ among those with tumors invading intercostal muscle or ribs (P＜ 0.05). Of the 79 patients, 40 patients had recurrence (51％): the site of first recurrence was distant in 35 patients, lo-cal in 5 patients. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate in relation to pathologic extent of invasion. Conclusion. Survival of patients with pT3N0M0 NSCLC, particularly among tumors invading the chest wall, is highly dependent on the depth of chest wall involvement. Discussing the indication for adjuvant therapy, we need to consider the pathologic extent of invasion.
An Evaluation of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in Odisha

An agrarian structure predominated by small and marginal farmers; and repeated natural calamities like droughts, floods and cyclones and poor infrastructural development in the hilly terrain of western and southern Odisha have an adverse effect on the health status of the people of Odisha. As a result of which the birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy rate, maternal mortality ratio, total fertility ratio, etc., of Odisha lags behind the national average. To improve the prevailing situation, the Government of Odisha launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) programme in the state on 17 June 2005. The NRHM has completed six years in Odisha. It becomes necessary to assess the impact of the NRHM on the health indicators, to know how the schemes under NRHM are working in Odisha and to assess the transition in the health status of Odisha. Both primary and secondary data are used for the analysis of data. Primary data was collected through personal interviews. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to know how the State Government Capital Expenditure (SGCE) and State Government Revenue Expenditure (SGRE) on health and family welfare have influenced the health indicators like infant mortality rate, birth rate, death rate, etc.
Expression and function of endogenous retroviruses in the placenta

Although the expression of endogenous retroviruses in the placenta of numerous species was observed a long time ago, their physiological function during gestation was demonstrated only very recently. Expression of retroviral envelope proteins, also called syncytins, in the placenta allows generation of the multinuclear syncytiotrophoblast as an outer cellular layer of the placenta by fusion of the trophoblast cells. This fusion process is crucial for the development of the placenta and for successful pregnancy. It is still unclear whether the immunosuppressive properties of the transmembrane envelope protein of the endogenous retroviruses expressed in the placenta contribute to immunosuppression to prevent the rejection of the semiallotransplant embryo. The presence of placenta cells expressing retroviral envelope proteins surrounded by immune cells deep in the maternal tissue supports an immunosuppressive function. It is important to emphasize that during evolution different species utilized (‘enslaved’) different endogenous retroviruses and that two or more endogenous retroviruses are involved in placentogenesis in each species.
Human endogenous retroviruses in neurologic disease

Endogenous retroviruses are pathogenic – in other species than the human. Disease associations for Human Endogenous RetroViruses (HERVs) are emerging, but so far an unequivocal pathogenetic cause‐effect relationship has not been established. A role for HERVs has been proposed in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases as diverse as multiple sclerosis (MS) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Particularly for MS, many aspects of the activation and involvement of specific HERV families (HERV‐H/F and HERV‐W/MSRV) have been reported, both for cells in the circulation and in the central nervous system. Notably envelope genes and their gene products (Envs) appear strongly associated with the disease. For SCZ, for ALS, and for HIV‐associated dementia (HAD), indications are accumulating for involvement of the HERV‐K family, and also HERV‐H/F and/or HERV‐W. Activation is reasonably a prerequisite for causality as most HERV sequences remain quiescent in non‐pathological conditions, so the importance of regulatory pathways and epigenetics involved in regulating HERV activation, derepression, and also involvement of retroviral restriction factors, is emerging. HERV‐directed antiretrovirals have potential as novel therapeutic paradigms in neurologic disease, particularly in MS. The possible protective or ameliorative effects of antiretroviral therapy in MS are substantiated by reports that treatment of HIV infection may be associated with a significantly decreased risk of MS. Further studies of HERVs, their role in neurologic diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets are essential.
Information Systems Management

Individual privacy concerns significantly affect consumer willingness to engage in electronic commerce over the Internet. This article explores privacy concerns associated with the implementation of new information technology and introduces a new concept termed the “information technology privacy cycle. ” This article also examines individual privacy on the Web, including technologies employed for collecting and protecting information on the Web, and the success of legal and technical remedies. Also assessed is the future potential of technologybased solutions through a focused examination of the Platform for Privacy Preferences as well as a discussion of the practical and theoretical implications for business organizations and individuals.
Dental biofilm infections – an update

Teeth are colonized by oral bacteria from saliva containing more than 700 different bacterial species. If removed regularly, the dental biofilm mainly comprises oral streptococci and is regarded as resident microflora. But if left undisturbed, a complex biofilm containing up to 100 bacterial species at a site will build up and may eventually cause development of disease. Depending on local ecological factors, the composition of the dental biofilm may vary considerably. With access to excess carbohydrates, the dental biofilm will be dominated by mainly gram‐positive carbohydrate‐fermenting bacteria causing demineralization of teeth, dental caries, which may further lead to inflammation and necrosis in the pulp and periapical region, i.e., pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. In supra‐ and subgingival biofilms, predominantly gram‐negative, anaerobic proteolytic bacteria will colonize and cause gingival inflammation and breakdown of supporting periodontal fibers and bone and ultimately tooth loss, i.e., gingivitis, chronic or aggressive periodontitis, and around dental implants, peri‐implantitis. Furthermore, bacteria from the dental biofilm may spread to other parts of the body by bacteremia and cause systemic disease. Basically, prevention and treatment of dental biofilm infections are achieved by regular personal and professional removal of the dental biofilm.
Conditioning Strategies for Competitive Kickboxing

IN CONJUNCTION WITH SPORT-SPECIFIC SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SUFFICIENT NUTRITION, REST, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS, A KICKBOXER'S SUCCESS IS CONTINGENT UPON HIS OR HER LEVEL OF CONDITIONING. ON THE BASIS OF THE METABOLIC DEMANDS OF COMPETITIVE KICKBOXING, TRAINING SHOULD TAX BOTH THE ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC SYSTEMS EXTENSIVELY. IN TANDEM WITH PROPER CONDITIONING, INJURY MAY BE PREVENTED THROUGH PREHABILITATIVE EXERCISES AND ADHERENCE TO SAFETY MEASURES.
Growth Hormone Response to Training Regimen with Combined High-and Low-Intensity Resistance Exercises

We had previously shown that performing a single set of resistance exercise at 50% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) added after a high-intensity, low-repetition exercise (strength-type regimen) greatly enhanced growth hormone (GH) secretion [Goto et al. (2003)]. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an additional set at 50% to 20% of 1RM after a strength-type regimen on anabolic hormone secretion. Eight male subjects performed bilateral knee extension exercises using a strength-type regimen (5 sets at 90% of 1RM, with 3-min rests), and other 3 types of regimens, in which 1 set of exercise at either 50%, 30% or 20% of 1RM was added immediately after the strength-type regimen (defined as C50-type, C30-type and C20-type regimens, respectively). Concentrations of serum GH, testosterone and blood lactate were measured before and after exercises. The number of repetitions in the added set showed a significant dependence on the exercise intensity: 82.3 times in C20-type > 46.1 times in C30-type > 22.6 times in C50-type (p ≤ 0.05). Post-exercise GH concentrations were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in C50- and C30-type regimens than in the strength-type regimen, whereas no significant difference was observed between C20- and strength-type regimens. Testosterone did not change in any types of regimen. These results indicated that performing a single set of exercise at low intensity added after a strength-type regimen caused a significant increase in GH concentration. However, such an effect might be diminished when the intensity of the additional exercise was extremely low (below 20% of 1RM).
Pilocarpine Antagonizes Prostaglandin F2α-Induced Ocular Hypotension in Monkeys: Evidence for Enhancement of Uveoscleral Outflow by Prostaglandin F2α

• Twice daily topical application of 50 μg of prostaglandin F 2α tromethamine to cynomolgus monkey eyes produced significant ocular hypotension lasting at least six hours, with the intraocular pressure (IOP) falling between 35% and 50%, ie, to about 8 to 10 mm Hg, following the seventh dose. A single topical application of 1 mg of pilocarpine hydrochloride produced a much smaller IOP reduction and strong, probably maximal accommodation, both of which lasted at least eight hours. When prostaglandin F 2α -treated eyes were given pilocarpine before the seventh dose of prostaglandin F 2α , accommodation and IOP responded as in eyes receiving pilocarpine only. Atropine sulfate pretreatment of eyes receiving pilocarpine and prostaglandin F 2α completely prevented pilocarpine-induced accommodation and inhibition of ocular hypotension induced by prostaglandin F 2α . We hypothesize that (1) prostaglandin F 2α reduces IOP by increasing uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor, and (2) pilocarpine pretreatment contracts the ciliary muscle, obliterating the intramuscular spaces and closing off the uveoscleral drainage pathway and thus physiologically blocking the effect.
The International Universities Walking Project: employee step counts, sitting times and health status

Purpose – Awareness of potential health impact and variations in key risk factors for chronic disease are important considerations in multi‐site, workplace physical activity interventions. This study seeks to examine associations and site variations between workday step counts, sitting times, waist circumference and blood pressure in three universities.Design/methodology/approach – Participants were white‐collar, university employees (172 women and 44 men; aged 41.0±10.3 years) from Barcelona, Spain (n=81), Brisbane, Australia (n=71) and Leeds, UK (n=64). Workday step counts and sitting times (five days) and waist circumference and blood pressure were assessed and compared against health‐related thresholds. Step counts were classified into tertiles and differences in sitting time, waist circumference and blood pressure were compared across tertiles using ANOVA, as were site variations in key variables.Findings – Daily step counts were inversely associated with sitting times (p<0.05), women's waist circumf.
Clinical studies of photodynamic therapy for malignant brain tumors: facial nerve palsy after temporal fossa photoillumination

In two randomized prospective studies of brain tumor PDT more than 180 patients have been accrued. At the Toronto site we recognized two patients who developed a lower motor neuron (LMN) facial paralysis in the week following the PDT treatment. In both cases a temporal lobectomy was undertaken and the residual tumor cavity was photo-illuminated. The surface illuminated included the temporal fossa floor, thus potentially exposing the facial nerve to the effect of PDT. The number of frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital tumors in this cohort was 39, 24, 12 and 4, respectively. Of the 24 temporal tumors 18 were randomized to Photofrin-PDT. Of these 18 a temporal lobectomy was carried out exposing the middle fossa floor as part of the tumor resection. In two of the 10 patients where the lobectomy was carried out and the fossa floor was exposed to light there occurred a postoperative facial palsy. Both patients recovered facial nerve function in 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. 46 J/cm2 were used in the former and 130 J/cm2 in the latter. We did not encounter a single post-operative LMN facial plasy in the 101 phase 2 patients treated with Photofrin-PDT. Among 688 supratentorial brain tumor operations in the last decade involving all pathologies and all locations no case of early post-operative LMN facial palsy was identified in the absence of PDT. One further patient who had a with post-PDT facial palsy was identified at the Denver site. Although it is possible that these patients had incidental Bell's palsy, we now recommend shielding the temporal fossa floor during PDT.
Medical Device Usability Analyses

Errors committed during healthcare providers’ use of patient controlled analgesia (PCA) systems in the acute care setting are poorly understood. A PCA is a complex, medical device that delivers a prescribed pain medication primarily through the intravenous route into the patient. The benefits of PCA use are numerous, but PCAs are also a known source of errors resulting in patient injury. Human factors usability analyses are methods to identify and mitigate factors that contribute to errors during user-device interaction. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from an integrative review of published medical device usability analyses and to provide the foundation for future empirical research to improve our understanding of PCA system errors.