Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of OMI-DOAS total ozone column with ground-based measurements in Argentina

Total ozone column (TOC) measurements through the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI/NASA EOSAura) are compared with ground-based observations made using Dobson and SAOZ instruments for the period 2004–2019 and 2008–02/2020, respectively. The OMI data were inverted using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy algorithm (overpass OMI-DOAS). The four ground-based sites used for the analysis are located in subpolar and subtropical latitudes spanning from 34°S to 54°S in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Argentine cities of Buenos Aires (34.58°S, 58.36°W; 25 m a.s.l.), Comodoro Rivadavia (45.86°S, 67.50°W; 46 m a.s.l.), Río Gallegos (51.60°S, 69.30°W; 72 m a.s.l.) and Ushuaia (54.80°S, 68.30°W; 14 m a.s.l.). The linear regression analyzes showed correlation values greater than 0.90 for all sites. The OMI measurements revealed an overestimation of less than 4 % with respect to the Dobson instruments, while the comparison with the SAOZ instrument presented a very low underestimation of less than 1 %.
The Impact of Risk Management Factors on Banks Performance of Pakistan

Risks usually affect the overall profitability/financial performance of any corporate sector. Various techniques of risk mitigation are important in dealing with downturns in the Pakistani economy regarding pandemic, unstable political situations in Pakistan, and different time-to-time policies of state banks regulation which consist of BASEL amendments. Data of fifteen banks had been selected for the period 2012-2018 and analyzed by using certain statistical techniques which are descriptive statistics, correlation, anal regression analysis. As from analysis, we found that Credit risk and Liquidity risk has a positive significant effect on the financial performance of the bank, which is measured by ROA, ROE, Tobin’s Q. Further, one of the risk factors which is operational risk diverts from a hypothesis which shows significant negative effect on the financial outcome of Pakistani banks. The results of this study will help the management of banks to find better solutions to enhance performance. Further, the policy implication of this study advises that banks should follow BASEL regulations and risk disclosures strictly to cope with the market.
Estimation of Finite Finger Joint Centers of Rotation Using 3D Hand Skeleton Motions Reconstructed from CT Scans

The present study proposed a method to estimate the finite finger joint centers of rotation (CoRs) with high accuracy using 3D hand skeleton motions reconstructed from CT scans. Ten hand postures starting from a fully extended posture and ending at a fist posture with about 10° difference in flexion between the adjacent postures were captured by a CT scanner for 15 male participants, and their 3D hand skeletons were reconstructed using the CT scans. Each bone segment from the full extension posture was registered to the corresponding bone segments of the remaining hand postures. The proximal bone segments of a joint from two postures were aligned to estimate the finite CoR of the joint between the two postures. Centerlines of the distal bone segments of the joint were then identified using the principal component analysis method, and the finite CoR of the joint was determined as the intersection point of the identified centerlines. The proposed method reduced the variation of estimated finite joint CoRs by 16.0% to 67.0% among the finger joints compared to the existing methods. The variation of estimated finite joint CoRs decreased as the rotation angle of the joint increased. The proposed method can be used for the simulation of finger movement with high accuracy.
Influencia del nitrógeno en el crecimiento de Ankistrodesmus sp. (alga verde)

Conocer el comportamiento de la fisiologia celular de las microalgas es importante porque el crecimiento y composicion bioquimica de las mismas puede estar influenciada por la concentracion de nitrogeno en el medio de cultivo. Se describio la influencia de nitrogeno en el perfil de crecimiento de Ankistrodesmus sp. , que se ha muestreado en la cuenca del rio Itaya, Loreto (Amazonia peruana), fue cultivada en medio BG-11 con y sin nitrogeno a pH 7,5 bajo condiciones de aireacion, con fotoperiodo de 12 horas con luz y 12 horas sin luz, a 25 °C, con una intensidad de luz de 100 µmol fotones.m-2.s-1, por triplicado en diecinueve dias; se registraron lecturas iniciales e intercaladas durante el tiempo de evaluacion con un espectrofotometro UV/visible Nanodrop. Los resultados indicaron que no existio diferencias estadisticas significativas entre el grupo control y el tratamiento con un p valor de 0,203 y un 95% de confianza, segun la prueba t-student, debido a que el registro de crecimiento de densidad optica fue similar entre el control y tratamiento. Por lo tanto, es necesario investigar los efectos de los demas parametros que afectan el cultivo y por ende el crecimiento de esta microalga para establecer condiciones optimas de crecimiento para esta especie.
تعیینکنندههای جمعیتی- اجتماعی و اقتصادی سالمندی فعال در بین بازنشستگان برخی ادارههای دولتی شهرستان بابل

در دو دهۀ اخیر، آهنگ رشد جمعیت سالمند کشور، از رشد کل جمعیت، سریع‌تر شده است و در آیندۀ نزدیک، احتمال تغییر ساختار جمعیت به سمت سالخوردگی وجود دارد. در چنین بستری، سالمندی فعال برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی افراد سالمند، اهمیت زیادی دارد. هدف این مطالعه، شناسایی تعیین‌کننده‌های جمعیتی اجتماعی و اقتصادی سالمندی فعال در بین بازنشستگان شهرستان بابل است. روش مطالعه، پیمایشی و ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسش‌نامۀ محقق‌ساخته است. حجم نمونه شامل 350 نفر از بازنشستگان برخی اداره‌های دولتی شهرستان بابل در سال 1395 است. نتایج نشان داد مردان نسبت به زنان، بازنشستگانی که با همسر و فرزندانشان هم‌سکنا بودند، سالمندان دارای تحصیلات دانشگاهی و سالمندانی که پس از بازنشستگی دوباره مشغول به کار شده‌اند، بیشترین میانگین سالمندی فعال را داشتند. براساس نتایج تحلیل چندمتغیره، سرمایۀ اجتماعی و فرهنگی بیشتر، سطح تحصیلات دیپلم و بیشتر، درآمد بیشتر از یک‌ونیم‌میلیون تومان و ترتیبات زندگی غیرهم‌سکنای افراد بازنشسته، به افزایش نمرۀ سالمندی فعال آنان می‌انجامد. حمایت اجتماعی بیشتر از سالمندان و سن بالاتر با کاهش نمرۀ سالمندی فعال همراه است. ارتقای سطح سرمایۀ اجتماعی افراد با همکاری‌های بین ‌بخشی نهادها و سازمان‌های مرتبط پیش از رسیدن به سالمندی، تشویق و نهادینه‌سازی حمایت‌های بین‌ نسلی ضروری است.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Drugs Using Silkworms Infected by Cutibacterium acnes

Simple Summary Cutibacterium acnes, a common bacterium on human skin, is a causative agent of inflammatory skin diseases and systemic infections. Systemic infections caused by C. acnes are difficult to treat because of the drug resistance to typical macrolides. The development of a systemic infection model for C. acnes contributes to searching candidates for drug discovery. Silkworm is a useful model animal for evaluating the efficacy of compounds. Several silkworm infection models have been established for the identification of virulence-related genes and novel antibacterial drugs. However, the systemic infection model of C. acnes using silkworms was not yet established. We established a new silkworm infection model with C. acnes and evaluated the efficacy of antibacterial drugs using the silkworm infection model. The silkworm infection model might be used to identify drug candidates for the treatment against C. acnes infection. Abstract Cutibacterium acnes is a causative agent of inflammatory skin diseases and systemic infections. Systemic infections caused by C. acnes are difficult to treat, and the development of a systemic infection model for C. acnes would be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of infection and searching for therapeutic agents. In this study, we established a silkworm infection model as a new experimental system to evaluate the interaction between C. acnes and the host, and the efficacy of antibacterial drugs. Silkworms infected with C. acnes died when reared at 37 °C. The dose of injected bacterial cells required to kill half of the silkworms (LD50) was determined under rearing conditions at 37 °C. The viable cell number of C. acnes was increased in the hemolymph and fat body of the infected silkworms. Silkworms injected with autoclaved C. acnes cells did not die during the study period. The survival time of silkworms injected with C. acnes was prolonged by the injection of antibacterial drugs such as tetracycline and clindamycin. These findings suggest that the silkworm C. acnes infection model can be used to evaluate host toxicity caused by C. acnes and the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial drugs.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Molybdenum Sulphide Clusters

Herein, we describe an atom efficient and general protocol for the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines catalyzed by well‐defined diimino and diamino cubane‐type Mo3S4 clusters. The novel diimino [Mo3S4Cl3(dnbpy)3]+ ([5]+) (dnbpy=4,4′‐dinonyl‐2,2′‐dipyridyl, L1) trinuclear complex was synthesized in high yields by simple ligand substitution reactions starting from the thiourea (tu) [Mo3S4(tu)8(H2O)]Cl4⋅4 H2O (3) precursor. This strategy has also been successfully adapted for the isolation of the diamino [Mo3S4Cl3(dmen)3](BF4) ([6](BF4)), (dmen=N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine) salt. Applying these catalysts, high selectivity in the hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes has been accomplished. Over thirty anilines bearing synthetically functional groups have been synthesized in 70 to 99 % yield. Notably, the integrity of the cluster core is preserved during catalysis. Based on kinetic studies on the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and other potential reaction intermediates, the direct reduction to aniline is the preferential route.
Implications of the Reanalysis and Weight of Evidence Determination of Human Health Studies for Exposure to Perchlorates under Cumulative and Aggregate Risk Assessment

This paper applies cumulative and aggregate risk methods and weight of evidence determination to re-analysis of epidemiological and clinical studies of exposure to perchlorates. The implications of cumulative and aggregate risk are considered for 28 epidemiological studies on IUI, serum thyroid hormone levels and clinical indicators. Consideration is given to simultaneous exposures to perchlorates, nitrates, thiocyanates and organohalogens in the study populations. The elevation of effects by perchlorates alone is found only in the studies that use urinary perchlorate as the metric of exposure. These studies are beset by a problem with use of urinary perchlorate concentration in that there is large inter-subject variability in the relationship between intake and urinary concentration due to differences in metabolism and disposition of the compounds following ingestion. As a result, an individual placed into the “high urinary concentration” group may be there due to high values of exposure, to long biological clearance halflives, or due to high transfer fractions from the serum into the urine. The influence could be removed by correcting urinary levels by measured clearance half-times for individuals in a study, but that has not been done in the case of the studies examined here. It is of interest therefore that the studies that use direct measures of intake of perchlorates rather than urine concentration fail to display the hormone effects. The current study uses a “weight of evidence” approach for perchlorates, employing all 28 studies. The result is a slope of the exposure response curve (percentage change in hormone effect per unit exposure) of 0.3% per μg/kg-day, with 95% confidence interval of (? 0.05%, 1%). This confidence interval for the slope encompasses 0, indicating no statistically significant slope when all data are combined in a weight of evidence determination. This is consistent with the conclusions of the USEPA and EFSA that the epidemiological studies do not provide compelling evidence for a causal association between exposures to perchlorates and either hormone effects or clinically adverse effects. The conclusions are 1) that current epidemiological results do not provide evidence of effects induced by perchlorates apart from the IUI effects, 2) that the same results provide evidence that the IUI effects induced at environmental levels of exposure are associated with down-stream adverse effects and 3) that effective risk management requires the cumulative and aggregate risk framework adopted here, suggesting a need for risk assessors to return to the original studies and provide separate estimates of exposure response relationships for all four compounds or at the least to control for exposures to nitrates, thiocyanates and organohalogens.
Causes of Male Infertility

nfertilite dunya capinda bir saglik sorunu olup, 12 aylik duzenli korunmasiz cinsel iliskiden sonra klinik bir hamilelik elde edeme-me olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Dunya capinda infertilitenin insidansi yaklasik %8-12 olarak belirtilmekle birlikte hastalarin yarisi bu du-rum icin tibbi yardim istemektedir. Yardimci ureme teknolojisinin (YUT) kullanimi dunya capinda giderek artmakla birlikte, YUT’deki gelismeler bircok ciftin infertilite sorunun ustesinden gelmesine izin vermistir. Infertilite, kadin infertilitesi, erkek infertilitesi, kadin ve erkek veya aciklanamayan faktorlerin bir kombinasyonu ile ilis-kili olabilmektedir. Erkek infertilitesi, tum infertilite vakalarinin ne-redeyse yarisini olusturur ve erkek nufusun yaklasik %7'sini etkile-mektedir. Erkek infertilitesinin ilk degerlendirmesi, ayrintili bir tibbi oyku, fizik muayene, endokrin degerlendirme ve semen analizini icermektedir. Erkek infertilitesi hormonal dengesizlikler, genetik problemler, fiziksel nedenler, cevresel yasam tarzi faktorleri veya psikolojik veya davranissal faktorlerden kaynaklanabilecegi rapor-lanmistir. Ayrica, ileri erkek yasi, sperm kalitesini etkileyerek erkek infertilitesine yol acabilir. Sonuc olarak, erkek infertilitesinin ne-denleri cok yonludur. Infertilite tedavisi sirasinda erkek infertilitesi-nin degerlendirilmesi ve yonetimi ciftler icin son derece onemlidir.
Aneurysm, Thrombosis and Muscle Atrophy Due to Unused Arterio-Venous Fistula in A Renal Transplant Recipient

Case Report Arterio-venous fistula (AVF) is the best vascular access for hemodialysis in a patient with chronic kidney disease. Its complications during use for dialysis are well known but less has been reported about the complications of AVF that are left in situ (unused) after a successful renal transplantation. There are no specific recommendations regarding closure of AVF post renal transplantation. We are presenting a huge cephalic vein aneurysm in an unused radiocephalic fistula along with atrophy of forearm muscles in an adult renal recipient about 15 years after the creation of AVF. He was evaluated and underwent excision with uneventful recovery.
Automatic detection of fibers orientation on composite laminates using convolutional neural networks

The mechanical behaviour and failure of the composite materials are highly influenced by the fibre’s orientation. It is important to decide which type of layers and orientations to use for the layup sequence such that the composite laminate is as light and/or cheap as possible while being capable to carry the load for which it is designed. During the production process it is critical to cut and lay the composite woven according to the optimal layup sequence resulting from the optimization process. Therefore, it is important to develop an automatic system which is capable to accurately detect the fibres orientation from a material picture. In our previous work we proposed such a system based on image processing and computational geometry. The main disadvantage of this system is that it has a lot of parameters which need to be manually tuned for each material. In this paper we propose a simple system which doesn’t need any parameter tuning. It is based on convolutional neural networks and we demonstrate with a lot of examples that it is very accurate, stable and insensitive to image variations. The method was tested on diverse composite laminates and woven with different chromatic and morphological properties.
Self-Adaptative Routing Algorithm for IoT-Enabled Wireless Sensor Network

The advancement of wireless communication and networking technologies has simplified the design of IoT systems. Wireless sensor networks are made up of groupings of sensors at remote locations that cause problems when their batteries die. Energy-efficient pathways must be devised to extend the network’s lifetime. The Self Adapting Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (SA-LEACH) algorithm is offered as a solution, which employs clustering to balance network load and reduce energy usage. This algorithm takes into account parameters such as energy levels and the distance between sensors and a base station. When compared to current methods, the simulation results reveal that SA-LEACH enhances system dependability, longevity, and load balancing.
JORDANIAN CULTURE AND TRADITIONS AS A DRIVING FORCE FOR ATTRACTING DUTCH TOURISTS

Cultural tourism is one of the fastest growing and attracting tourism types in Jordan especially for European tourists. This study aims to analyze the role of the Jordanian traditional aspects in motivating Dutch tourists to visit Jordan. It also shows the technological applications needed to ensure the efficient involvement of Jordanian traditions in the tourism industry. Semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants were performed. The results indicate that the Jordanian traditions are attractive to Dutch tourists once authenticity is provided, which fulfills their cultural needs, thus their satisfaction and Word Of Mouth are generated in their feedback.
Understanding values-based food labeling as rural development strategy in Colombia. Comparative analysis: Fair trade, geographical indications and organic labels in the coffee region and the Buenaventura rural area (Phase 1)

Poverty in many rural areas of developing countries is not a new story. Rural farmers face many financial and market barriers. Furthermore, conventional farming practices are afflicted by free market pressure to produce more food for less income, resulting in destruction of the environment and neglecting human and animal welfare. Value based labeling offers alternatives to conventional food markets as they provide ethical principles to counter unsustainable trends within the capitalism system as stated by Elizabeth Barham. Hence, a planned study is aimed at evaluating selected labels such as fair trade, geographical indication/denomination of origin and organic certification in the context of the Buenaventura rural area, taking into account the lessons learned and experiences from the coffee region. Thus the labels will be explained as well as the objectives and methodology of the doctoral thesis. Finally, the findings and conclusions of the initial exploratory research draw useful insights of the current situation.
Machine Committee Framework for Power Grid Disturbances Analysis Using Synchrophasors Data

Events detection is a key challenge in power grid frequency disturbances analysis. Accurate detection of events is crucial for situational awareness of the power system. In this paper, we study the problem of events detection in power grid frequency disturbance analysis using synchrophasors data streams. Current events detection approaches for power grid rely on individual detection algorithm. This study integrates some of the existing detection algorithms using the concept of machine committee to develop improved detection approaches for grid disturbance analysis. Specifically, we propose two algorithms—an Event Detection Machine Committee (EDMC) algorithm and a Change-Point Detection Machine Committee (CPDMC) algorithm. Both algorithms use parallel architecture to fuse detection knowledge of its individual methods to arrive at an overall output. The EDMC algorithm combines five individual event detection methods, while the CPDMC algorithm combines two change-point detection methods. Each method performs the detection task separately. The overall output of each algorithm is then computed using a voting strategy. The proposed algorithms are evaluated using three case studies of actual power grid disturbances. Compared with the individual results of the various detection methods, we found that the EDMC algorithm is a better fit for analyzing synchrophasors data; it improves the detection accuracy; and it is suitable for practical scenarios.
Hospital related anxiety, depression among medical students: A cross-sectional study from two Universities of Perak State, Malaysia

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are common mental health conditions among medical students due to the highly challenging and stressful environment. It is also associated with poor academic performance and quality of life. Therefore, we aim to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hospital-related anxiety and depression among medical students in Perak, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 274 medical students in the clinical posting. Hospital related anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. Results: The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 31.7% and 15.7%, respectively. Malay students suffered most from anxiety (14.2%), followed by Indian (12.4%) and Chinese students (4.7%). A significant association was observed between ethnicity and depression, where 7.3% of Indian students had the highest level of depression followed by Malay (6.9%) and Chinese students (1.5%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that medical students experienced anxiety and depression during the clinical years. A recommendation for medical schools to implement screening for anxiety and depression to identify the higher risk students will offer a better way of preventing and treating anxiety and depression to improve students' well-being.
Incremental Formula-Based Fix Localization

Automatically fixing bugs in software programs can significantly reduce the cost and improve the productivity of the software. Toward this goal, a critical and challenging problem is automatic fix localization, which identifies program locations where a bug fix can be synthesized. In this paper, we present AgxFaults, a technique that automatically identifies minimal subsets of program statements at which a suitable modification can remove the error. AgxFaults works based on dynamically encoding semantic of program parts that are relevant to an observed error into an unsatisfiable logical formula and then manipulating this formula in an increasingly on-demand manner. We perform various experiments on faulty versions of the traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) program in the Siemens Suite, programs in Bekkouche’s benchmark, and server real bugs in the Defects4J benchmark. The experimental results show that AgxFaults outperforms single-path-formula approaches in terms of effectiveness in finding fix localization and fault localization. AgxFaults is better than program-formula-based approaches in terms of efficiency and scalability, while providing similar effectiveness. Specifically, the solving time of AgxFaults is 28% faster, and the running time is 45% faster, than the program-formula-based approach, while providing similar fault localization results.