Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pheromone Use in Insecticide Resistance Surveys of Lightbrown Apple Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

To determine the distribution of azinphosmethyl-resistant Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) in an apple orchard district in New Zealand, female sex pheromone was used to collect males from different habitats in a 125-ha area. Dosage-mortality regressions generated by topical application experiments showed the greatest proportion of resistant moths to be in the center of the sprayed area. This method permits decisions on control tactics to be made once the problem areas are delineated.
Adapting the WHO recommendations on health worker roles for safe abortion to a country setting: A case study from India

In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a guideline on the role of health workers in providing safe abortion and postabortion contraception, with evidence‐based recommendations on the range of providers who can perform interventions to provide safe abortion, postabortion care, and postabortion contraception. The WHO guideline is global in nature and must be contextualized to individual country settings. The present paper compares the scenario in India, including the legal and policy frameworks, with the WHO guidelines. It provides legal and policy recommendations that are needed to improve access to comprehensive abortion care in India, with a focus on expanding the provider base. The process used to develop these recommendations was a combination of empirical evidence gathering and multistakeholder consultations. An outcome of this exercise was a policy brief entitled “Improving access to comprehensive abortion care in India with focus on expanding provider base,” which is used as an advocacy tool.
Recombination at the site of a long chromosomal palindrome in Escherichia coli

Long palindromic sequences are targets of the SbcCD nuclease which cleaves hairpin DNA structures. The double-strand breaks generated by this activity require recombination functions for repair. In the absence of such repair the presence of a long chromosomal palindrome is lethal to the E. coli cell. In this work a range of recombination mutants were screened for their ability to carry out successful recombinational repair of SbcCD-generated double-strand breaks at the site of a long chromosomal palindrome. The results obtained suggest that the components of both the RecB and RecF pathways are required for successful recombinational repair of SbcCD-generated breaks at the site of the palindrome. This breakage and repair process does not seem to involve replication fork breakage. In the absence of SbcCD recombination still occurs, apparently through the RecF gap-recombination pathway. Once again, this process appears to avoid replication fork collapse. In the absence of recombination, the RecQ helicase was found to be essential to the viability of sbcC cells possessing the palindrome. This suggests that RecQ is involved in a pathway allowing replicative bypass of secondary structure, probably through helicase unwinding of the secondary structure. Using an xerC mutant deficient in the resolution of chromosome dimers, the relationship between recombination at the site of the palindrome and crossingover was investigated. It was observed that double-strand break repair at the site of the palindrome is associated with crossing-over over whereas single-strand gap recombination is not. Using UV irradiation of cells deficient for excision repair it was demonstrated that the association of double-strand break repair, but not single-strand gap repair, with crossing-over is a general phenomenon. The observation that P1 transduction leads to the formation of mainly crossover structures in the recipient cell supports the idea that there is a rule governing the resolution of Holliday junctions. The random resolution of Holliday junctions in ruvABC mutants suggests that this rule operates through the RuvABC Holliday junction resolution complex.
Seed Dispersal, Seedling Survival and Habitat Affinity in a Snowbed Plant: Limits to the Distribution of the Snow Buttercup, Ranunculus adoneus

We studied the roles of seed dispersal and seedling survival in limiting the distribution of Ranunculus adoneus to alpine snowbed habitats. Achenes of R. adoneus fall directly below the infructescence within 15 cm of the maternal plant. Secondary seed movement is also restricted, with seeds transported only, on average, an additional 10 cm during snowmelt the following spring. The distribution of R. adoneus seeds in the soil mirrors this view of highly restricted dispersal. Snowbed soil contains an average of 0.033 seeds per cm 3 , but snow buttercup seeds are not found 20-40 m away in meadows bordering the snowbed. These findings suggest that limited seed dispersal acts to confine recruitment to locations within parental habitats (.)
Preparation and Characterization of Integrated Condylar Biomimetic Scaffolds : A Pilot Study

We constructed the bionic mandibular condyle scaffold composite with Chitosan, polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite CS-PCL-HA and investigated the feasibility in condylar tissue engineering applications. The condyle mold was fabricated by resin materials with rapid prototyping methods and the bionic mandibular condyle scaffold was constructed by solution casting-ice drain. The microstructure, porosity, infrared and Xray diffraction of the condyle scaffold were studied. The exterior of scaffold was white and hard as condyle, consisting of cartilage scaffold and subchondral bone scaffold. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffold composite were highly bionic in three-dimensional structures with 70-85 % porosity and 40-200 m aperture, which can be controlled by the size and the number of ice particles. Infrared spectrum showed that with the reduction of HA content, the peak strength also decreased, while X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that with the increase of HA content, the diffraction intensity reduced relatively. The compressive strain and bending strain were increased with the growing of the HA content. In conclusion, the special design of scaffolds has good performance of synthetic materials, which is expected to be applied in autologous tissue engineering as condyle scaffold material.
Effect of Hydroxycamptothecin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7

Objective:To explore the effect of Hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in vitro,and to provide experimental basis for the clinical medication of breast cancer.Methods:HCPT with different concentrations(10 μmol/L,50 μmol/L,100 μmol/L,200 μmol/L) were used to treat MCF-7 cells for 48 hours,and MCF-7 cells without HCPT were served as the control group.MTT assay was applied to determine the proliferation of MCF-7 cells,Hoechst33258 staining was used to detect the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells,and RT-PCR was used to detect the effect of HCPT on the expression of Casepase-3 mRNA in MCF-7 cells.Results:Compared with the control group,50 μmol/L,100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L HCPT showed obvious inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells(P0.05,P0.01),and the inhibitory effect of 200 μmol/L was the most obvious,the inhibitory rate showed a concentration-dependent tendency.Fluorescence microscope observation showed that typical apoptosis morphological changes could be observed in 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L HCPT treated cells.Compared with the control group,the expressions of Caspase-3 mRNA significantly increased in HCPT treated cells(P0.05,P0.01),and it also showed a concentration-dependent tendency.Conclusion:HCPT can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in vitro,and induce cell apoptosis by Caspase-3 pathway,and further achieve its role of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.
Comparing natural parasitism and resistance with proxies of host immune response in Lestid damselflies

Commonly used proxies for measuring immune responses in invertebrates include the amount of melanin deposited on nylon inserts and assays of activity of the enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) in the haemolymph. We used these proxies to estimate immunity in unpar- asitized individuals from four Lestid damselfly species from popula- tions with different levels of water mite parasitism. Levels of para- sitism and resistance by hosts were population level estimates from published papers. These parasitism levels were not correlated posi- tively with immune response measured by proxies in the current study. The species with the strongest melanization response to the inserts and the highest PO levels was the one that currently experienced no mite parasitism. The species with the weakest response to the inserts and the lowest PO levels had low current levels of parasitism. The two species that are heavily parasitized had an intermediate response. Natural resistance levels were also not correlated with the response measured by proxies, but the species with a strong response had high levels of resistance in the past. This finding is supported by earlier work done with Lepidoptera in which the most well-defended species currently experience no natural parasitism.
Heavy Metals in Loggerhead Sea Turtle Eggs (Caretta caretta): Evidence to Support the Hypothesis that Demes Exist in the Western Atlantic Population

Concentrations of thirteen heavy metals in Loggerhead sea turtle eggs, collected from four nesting beaches, were determined. Comparisons of mean heavy metal burdens in eggs from different beaches suggested that no uniform geographic gradients exist in the nesting population. The comparisons did indicate that eggs laid on each beach had significantly different mean concentrations of barium, cobalt, chromium, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and lead. These data suggest the presence of groups of turtles and indirectly support the hypothesis that the Western Atlantic Loggerhead pcpulation is composed of demes.
Signals regulating neuronal cell body responses to axotomy

Spinal cord injury in higher vertebrates causes paralysis because injured neurons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) often atrophy or die, and fail to regenerate their severed processes ("axons"). In contrast, injured peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons usually survive and regenerate their axons. One reason for successful PNS responses to axon injury ("axotomy") is that they undergo numerous changes in gene expression that enhance their intrinsic growth state. These changes include the upregulation of proteins required for axon growth, and down-regulation of non-essential proteins, such as those used mainly for neurotransmission. Similar changes in gene expression are generally only weak and transient in axotomized CNS neurons, which most likely contributes to their poor responses to injury. This thesis investigates the potential regulation of injury-induced changes in gene expression by neurotrophic factors (NTFs), small proteins important for development and maintenance of the nervous system. Three principal findings are presented here. Firstly, in axotomized PNS motoneurons, the down-regulation of non-essential proteins associated with neuronal maturation, such as neurotransmitter enzymes and neurofilaments appears to be due to the interrupted supply of target-derived neurotrophic factors. Secondly, in axotomized PNS. motoneurons, the robust up-regulation of regeneration-associated genes and cell body hypertrophy is enhanced by non-targetderived neurotrophic factors, most likely those released by Schwann cells and immune cells at the actual site of injury. In fact, a second axon injury (to stimulate release of these endogenous neurotrophic factors) was sufficient to actually reverse the severe cell
Efficient functionalisation of dextran-aldehyde with catechin: potential applications in the treatment of cancer

Here, we report a simple and efficient method to functionalise dextran with catechin – a polyphenol present in red wine, red berries, and green tea. Aldehyde functionalised dextran was reacted with catechin in the presence of acetic acid to yield dextran-aldehyde-catechin conjugates via a condensation reaction. 1D and 2D (DOSY) 1H NMR and UV-Vis analyses were employed to characterise the polymers. The degree of catechin conjugation was easily manipulated by varying the aldehyde amount in the dextran, the catechin concentration and the reaction temperature and conjugates with up to 38 wt% catechin functionalisation were prepared. In particular, the conjugation reaction was found to be especially sensitive to temperature and this was shown to be partially due to the equilibrium between the aldehyde and the hemiacetal in dextran aldehyde shifting to a greater proportion of aldehyde groups as the temperature increased. The stability of the dextran–aldehyde–catechin conjugates was enhanced in comparison with native catechin in both deionised water and phosphate buffer solution. Finally, the anticancer properties of the dextran–aldehyde–catechin conjugates were investigated in vitro, demonstrating cytotoxic efficacy against neuroblastoma cells whilst showing no cytotoxicity towards normal cells.
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update February 2013

The following sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee since the January 2013 nomenclature update and, following agreed policy, have been assigned official allele designations Marsh et al. (2010). Full details of all sequences will be published in a forthcoming report. Below are listed the newly assigned sequences (Table 1) and confirmations of previously reported sequences (Table 2). The accession number of each sequence is given, and these can be used to retrieve the sequence files from the EMBL, GenBank or DDBJ data libraries. Although accession numbers have been assigned by the data libraries, and most sequences are already available, there is still the possibility that an author may not yet have allowed the sequence to be released; in such a case, you will have to contact the submitting author directly. Additional information pertaining to new sequences is often included in the publications describing these alleles; a listing of recent publications that describe new HLA sequences is given in Table 3. All new and confirmatory sequences should now be submitted directly to the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System via the IMGT/ HLA Database using the sequence submission tool provided Robinson et al. (2001). The IMGT/HLA Database may be accessed via the World Wide Web at: www.ebi. ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla
Arboreality in Snakes: Ecology of the Australian Elapid Genus Hoplocephalus

species. H. bitorquatus feeds mainly on arboreal pelodryadid frogs, H. bungaroides on lizards, and H. stephensi on lizards, mice and frogs. All species are viviparous, with ovulation occurring in late spring and birth in late summer. Young at birth are large (SVL 20 cm) relative to maternal size (SVL 50 to 70 cm), and litters are small (usually 4 to 6 young). Size-frequency distributions suggest sexual maturation at 3 to 4 years of age in H. bitorquatus. Most adult female Hoplocephalus reproduce only once every two years, or less often. Compilation of published data on snake faunas of several continents reveals that a) food habits of arboreal and terrestrial snakes usually are similar; b) arboreality is more common in some taxonomic groups (e.g. colubrids) than in others (e.g. elapids); and c) the proportion of arboreal species in a snake fauna is highly correlated with annual precipitation. These findings may explain why arboreality is rare in Australian snakes.
Potential of induced resistance as a tool for the management of pathogens and insects in trees - an ecological viewpoint.

Under natural conditions, forest ecosystems are usually stable, despite the constant presence of arthropods and pathogens inherently capable of killing their tree hosts. It is likely that the phenotypic plasticity of trees, which includes inducible resistance mechanisms against attacking organisms, plays a crucial role in these interactions. Systemic induced resistance may be a common and important phenomenon in forest trees, one that allows for balanced partitioning of available resources between growth and defence. However, such physiological tradeoffs are affected by environmental variables, such as resource availability (e.g. nutrients, water, light) as well as by silvicultural activities. There is also evidence that systemic induced resistance or its counterpart, systemic induced susceptibility, may be operative concurrently in the same tree, depending on the specifi c organs under attack. Lastly, all these host responses can be strongly modulated by systemic cross-effects between pathogens and/or insects. While it is established that trees possess systemically inducible defences, it is still uncertain how this knowledge might be applied to control forest pathogens and insects. This is complicated by the classic approaches used for the silvicultural control of pests, which are fundamentally centred on the assumption that plants characterised by higher vigour are also less stressed and thus more resistant to attack. In many cases, this is a fallacious premise.
Cryotherapy Versus Podophyllin in the Treatment of Genital Warts

ABSTRACT: 572 patients with solitary or multiple genital warts attending the Department of Genitourinary Medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth, U.K. between January 1981 and December 1981 were allocated to either podophyllin or cryotherapy for the treatment of their warts. Of 350 patients successfully treated for their warts and returned for a follow‐up examination 6 weeks or more after completing their treatment, 206 (139 men and 67 women) were treated with podophyllin, and 144 (86 men and 58 women) with cryotherapy. One hundred five (51%) of those treated with podophyllin and 114 (79%) treated with cryotherapy were free of warts at their follow‐up examination. Patients treated with podophyllin required a mean of 6.7 ±SD 3.5 treatements over a mean of 4.7 ± SD 2.4 weeks, whereas those receiving cryotherapy required a mean of 2.6 ± SD 2.0 applications over a mean of 2.3 ± SD 1.2 weeks.
Interactions of Parasites and a Hyperparasite in Biological Control of Citrus Blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), in Florida

Citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, was discovered in Fort Lauderdale, Fla. , in 1976. Parasites Encarsia opulenta (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Amitus hesperidum Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) were released in infested areas. CBF populations declined and control is now mainly due to the k-selected parasite E. opulenta . On Merritt Island, however, a third parasite, now known to be a facultative hyperparasite on E. opulenta , was released: Encarsia smithi (Silvestri). Parasite and CBF populations were monitored on Merritt Island from 1981 to 1984. The three parasite species progressed through an initial dominance by A. hesperidum , to intermediate dominance by E. smithi , to final dominance by E. opulenta .
Notkun stofnfrumna til rannsókna og lækninga á taugasjúkdómum

Lengi hefur verið talið að taugafrumur manna hefðu enga eða takmarkaða hæfileika til endurnýjunar. Nánast var um kennisetningu að ræða þrátt fyrir að endurnýjun taugafrumna væri að einhverju leyti þekkt til dæmis hjá fuglum og froskum. Það var svo á miðjum tíunda áratug síðustu aldar að vísindamenn komust að því að á vissum svæðum í mannsheilanum færi fram endurnýjun taugafrumna. Í framhaldi af þessu var staðfest að taugavefur manna inniheldur stofnfrumur. Eru þær taldar líkjast þeim frumum sem eru uppruni taugakerfisins í fósturþroska. Miklar væntingar eru bundnar við notkun stofnfrumna til lækninga á ýmsum sjúkdómum. Í grundvallaratriðum eru tvær megin leiðir mögulegar til að nálgast þetta markmið. Annars vegar er það ræktun stofnfrumna utan líkama sem svo eru græddar í sérhæfðu eða ósérhæfðu ástandi í sjúkling í þeim tilgangi að lækna vefjaskaða. Hins vegar eru rannsóknir á umhverfi stofnfrumna. Aukin þekking á umhverfi vefjastofnfrumna og á þáttum sem stuðla að endurnýjun og sérhæfingu þeirra gæti leitt til þess að hægt sé að örva vefjastofnfrumur sjúklingsins og efla þannig hin innlægu viðgerðarferli sem gera líkamanum kleift að takast á við sjúkdóma eða slys með áhrifaríkari hætti en áður. Markmið þessarar greinar er að gefa stutt yfirlit yfir stöðu mála og framtíðarsýn hvað varðar rannsóknir á taugastofnfrumum og mögulega nýtingu þeirra til lækninga á sjúkdómum á borð við Parkinsonsjúkdóm, hreyfitaugungahrörnun og mænuskaða.
Common Cytokine Receptor γ chain (γc)‐Dependent Cytokines: Understanding in vivo Functions by Gene Targeting

Interactions between cytokines and their receptors play a critical role in the developnieni and regulation of the hematopoietic system. Cytokines are both pleiotropic and i)\erlapping in their biological effects and exert their functions through interactions with specilic receptor complexes. The individual components of these multisubunit receptors share structural homology (Bazan 1990), and some receptor chains and iheir a.ssociated signaling molecules are additionally shared amongst the receptors lor distinct cytokines (Taniguchi 1995). Thus, defining the role of individual cytokine/receptor interactions in hematopoiesis remains a challenge. We and others have taken a genetic approach to study the development of the lymphoid lineage. Using gene targeting technology, the role of cytokines and their receptors in the generation, maintenance and control of the immune system is being clarified.
Glomalin: A Potential Soil Conditioner for Perennial Fruits

Glomalin, a special glycoprotein secreted by hyphae and spore walls of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), possesses some diverse characteristics, of them its hydrophobic nature and stability to heat are most profound. Glomalin sloughs off cementing material following the hyphal degradation that coat soil organic matter and soil particles, thereby, forming a protective surface layer against loss of water and nutrients from soil aggregates. These properties of glomalin would influence plant and/or soil water relations. Assessed through Braford assay, glomalin contains proteins of non-AMF and AMF origin, in addition to large amount of soil-related heat-stable proteins, collectively defined as glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in soils. In perennial fruits, GRSP concentration has been observed up to 1 mg/g DW soil, which is strongly affected by physiography, soil management practices, and season. GRSP represents a type of glue agent that stabilizes soil aggregates, as one of the fractions of soil organic matter in perennial fruit orchards. There is an increasing demand to discern whether the functionings of exogenous GRSP application is similar to those of endogenously synthesized GRSP. These accrued results provide strong support in favour of glomalin as a potential soil conditioner that holds promise in perennial fruits. This review also makes an attempt to address the future lines of research on glomalin-related issues. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers
Alternative Splicing and Nonsense Mediated Decay in Mitochondrial Complex-I Biogenesis and its Implication in Human Diseases

In mammals, complex-I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain has 31 supernumerary subunits in addition to the 14 conserved from prokaryotes to humans. Multiplicity of structural protein components, as well as of biogenesis factors, make complex-I a sensible pace-maker of mitochondrial respiration. The work reviewed here shows that the Alternative Splicing and Nonsense Mediated Decay pathways regulate the transcription products of different nuclear genes encoding subunits of complex I. Complex-I dysfunction has been found to be associated with several human diseases. Involvement of altered pattern of transcription products of complex-I genes in pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases is examined.