Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Ocular Surface Characteristics after Switching from Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Latanoprost to Preservative-Free Tafluprost or Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Tafluprost

Purpose The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of switching from Latanoprost ophthalmic solution containing a preservative to preservative-free Tafluprost ophthalmic solution or Tafluprost containing a preservative on ocular surfaces. Materials and Methods Forty patients (40 eyes) with glaucoma (mean age: 62.0 ± 10.9 years) using Latanoprost with preservative for six months or longer were assigned either to a Tafluprost-containing-preservative group (20 eyes) or preservative-free-Tafluprost group (20 eyes). The intraocular pressure, corneal epithelial barrier function (fluorescein uptake concentration with fluorophotometer FL-500), superficial punctate keratopathy (AD classification), and tear film breakup time (TBUT) were assessed before switching and at 12 weeks after switching. Results No significant differences in intraocular pressure were noted after switching in either group. Corneal epithelial barrier function was improved significantly after switching in both the Tafluprost-containing-preservative and the preservative-free-Tafluprost groups. There were no significant differences in AD scores after switching in the Tafluprost-containing-preservative group, but significant improvements were noted in the preservative-free-Tafluprost group. No significant differences in TBUT were noted in the Tafluprost-containing-preservative or preservative-free-Tafluprost groups after switching. Conclusion After switching from preservative Latanoprost to Tafluprost containing-preservative or preservative-free Tafluprost, corneal epithelial barrier function was improved while the intraocular pressure reduction was retained.
Biology of gyrocotylideans with emphasis on reproduction, population ecology and phylogeny

SUMMARY The Gyrocotylidea is a group of platyhelminths comprising only a dozen or so species which have been placed in three genera, Oyrocotyle Diesing, 1850, Amphiptyches Grube and Wagener in Wagener, 1852 and Gyrocotyloides Fuhrmann, 1930. All species are highly specific to chimaeroid fish, a small group of present-day holocephalans, and are restricted to the spiral valve intestine of these hosts.
Improvement in outcome for children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. A report from the childrens cancer study group

The Childrens Cancer Study Group conducted four therapeutic studies on a total of 1006 children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia from 1972 to 1983. This report describes the therapeutic strategies of these studies and examines trends in induction rates and long‐term outcome over this period. The remission induction rate has changed from 58% in 1972 to 1975 to 80% for the period 1980 to 1983, and the induction mortality dropped from 20% to 6%. Four‐year survival probabilities from time of diagnosis have almost doubled from 19% to 36%. Few deaths occurred more than 5 years after diagnosis: children surviving in first remission beyond 5 years had a 92% survival rate and an 86% relapse‐free survival rate over the next 5 years. In contrast, median survival after a marrow relapse was less than 6 months and the 6‐year survival probability was 4%. The leukocyte count was a significant prognostic factor, and although the mortality for infants was high initially, long‐term survival was not decreased.
The role of phenylalanine 31 in maintaining the conformational stability of ribonuclease P2 from Sulfolobus solfataricus under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure.

Ribonuclease P2 from the thermophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus is a small protein (7 kDa) with a known three-dimensional structure. Inspection of the structure and molecular dynamics simulation reveal that three aromatic residues (Phe5, Phe31, and Tyr33) from the hydrophobic core have a strong van der Waals interaction energy. We studied the thermodynamics of the heat, cold, and pressure-induced protein conformational changes of the wild type and of the F31A and F31Y mutants by analyzing the protein UV absorbance in the fourth derivative mode. The wild-type protein was extremely stable under all conditions of temperature and pressure. Heat and cold denaturation of both mutants, as well as denaturation by pressure of the F31A mutant, led to significant blue shifts of the derivative spectrum, indicating increased solvent exposure of Tyr33. For the F31Y mutant, high pressure (400 MPa) protected the protein against thermal denaturation. This study, probing the properties of the hydrophobic aromatic core, complements a thermal unfolding study which probes the overall structural changes [Knapp, S. , Karshikoff, A. , Berndt, K. D. , Christova, P., Atanasov, B. , & Ladenstein, R. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 264,1132-1144]. The differences observed in response to extremes of temperature, pressure, and pH may be rationalized by an unfolding mechanism involving larger parts of the peripheral protein while the integrity of the hydrophobic core is maintained.
Transformer hot spot temperature prediction using a hybrid algorithm of support vector regression and information granulation

A novel algorithm for transformer hot spot temperature prediction is proposed and presented in this paper. The algorithm is an integration of Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Information Granulation (IG), which is based on the principle of time series regression. The historical records consisting of measured hot spot temperature, top oil temperature, load current and ambient temperature of a transformer are used for verifying the proposed hybrid algorithm. The results show that the algorithm consistently outperforms a number of existing thermal modelling based methods (IEEE model, Swift's model and Susa's model) in estimating transformer's hot spot temperature.
Uma introdução ao tema Recuperação de Informações Textuais

O tema Recuperacao de Informacao sempre foi um tema muito explorado na academia e no mercado. A forma com que os eventos academicos sao conduzidos demonstra uma maturidade muito grande da area, inclusive com uma ligacao muito forte com o mercado. Inumeros livros sobre este tema ja foram publicados. No entanto, sao poucos os livros publicados em portugues. Este tutorial tenta preencher esta lacuna apresentando uma introducao sobre o tema Recuperacao de Informacao, abordando: as principais definicoes e conceitos da area; os principais modelos que regem o desenvolvimento dos Sistemas de Recuperacao de Informacao, e; os metodos usualmente empregados na avaliacao de Sistemas de Recuperacao de Informacao.
Design and implementation of interaction system between Humanoid robot and human hand gesture

This paper explores how to interact with the Humanoid robot using the user defined hand gesture. First, the hardware architecture and the circuit design are described, and we explain how to design human-computer interface, and to regulate and set the motion of humanoid robot. And then the planning motion sequences are stored in the motion database. Second, the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 6-DOF sensor worn on the wrist of human being is introduced. The sensor can communicate with computer through Bluetooth, and send back the data of Pitch, Roll, Yaw, and tilt angle of the three axes. Then we can interpret the meaning of hand gestures through the recognition algorithm implemented in the computer. The recognition result will be sent to the humanoid robot to do the corresponding movements. In this paper, we filter the signal by adaptive median filter firstly and then extract the features of the dynamic hand gesture by the frame method which is often used in speech. And then we implement the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) algorithm of dynamic programming to recognize the dynamic hand gesture. Finally, all the experiments verify the performance and the feasibility of the proposed system.
A Review of the Endocrine Activity of Parabens and Implications for Potential Risks to Human Health

Parabens are a group of the alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and typically include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben, and benzylparaben. Parabens (or their salts) are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceuticals due to their relatively low toxicity profile and a long history of safe use. Testing of parabens has revealed to varying degrees that individual paraben compounds have weakly estrogenic activity in some in vitro screening tests, such as ligand binding to the estrogen receptor, regulation of CAT gene expression, and proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Reported in vivo effects include increased uterine weight (i.e., butyl-, isobutyl-, and benzylparaben) and male reproductive-tract effects (i.e., butyl- and propylparaben). However, in relation to estrogen as a control during in vivo studies, the parabens with activity are many orders of magnitude less active than estrogen. While exposure to sufficient doses of exogenous estrogen can increase the risk of certain adverse effects, the presumption that similar risks might also result from exposure to endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) with far weaker activity is still speculative. In assessing the likelihood that exposure to weakly active EACs might be etiologically associated with adverse effects due to an endocrine-mediated mode of action, it is paramount to consider both the doses and the potency of such compounds in comparison with estrogen. In this review, a comparative approach involving both dose and potency is used to assess whether in utero or adult exposure to parabens might be associated with adverse effects mediated via an estrogen-modulating mode of action. In utilizing this approach, the paraben doses required to produce estrogenic effects in vivo are compared with the doses of either 17β-estradiol or diethylstilbestrol (DES) that are well established in their ability to affect endocrine activity. Where possible and appropriate, emphasis is placed on direct comparisons with human data with either 17β-estradiol or DES, since this does not require extrapolation from animal data with the uncertainties inherent in such comparisons. Based on these comparisons using worst-case assumptions pertaining to total daily exposures to parabens and dose/potency comparisons with both human and animal no-observed-effect levels (NOELs) and lowest-observed-effect levels (LOELs) for estrogen or DES, it is biologically implausible that parabens could increase the risk of any estrogen-mediated endpoint, including effects on the male reproductive tract or breast cancer. Additional analysis based on the concept of a hygiene-based margin of safety (HBMOS), a comparative approach for assessing the estrogen activities of weakly active EACs, demonstrates that worst-case daily exposure to parabens would present substantially less risk relative to exposure to naturally occurring EACs in the diet such as the phytoestrogen daidzein.
Dependency modeling as an input to MIL-STD TRD/TPS development

There are a number of dependency modeling tools in use today. The concept of representing the relationship between system behavior and failure modes using dependency modeling (otherwise called inference modeling) has significant merit, and has been proven to help achieve improved testability at reasonable cost. The purpose of this paper is to establish the requirements for dependency modeling systems which would result in optimum effectiveness of the output for the development of Test Requirements Documents and Test Program Sets.
Analysis of the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Tinnitus in a Young Population

Background Tinnitus in children and adolescents is known to be as common as in adults. However, tinnitus in this young population is often overlooked, and a large population-based study designed to adjust for various risk factors for tinnitus is lacking. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with 3047 participants aged 12 to 19 years, from 2008 through 2011. We investigated the tinnitus prevalence by questionnaire and analyzed risk factors for tinnitus of three types: personal, otologic, and parental factors. Results The prevalence of tinnitus in the young population was 17.7%, although only 0.3% of subjects reported severe discomfort caused by tinnitus. The tinnitus prevalence increased with age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.087). Female gender (AOR, 1.401), sleeping less than 9 hours (sleep 7 or 8 h: AOR, 1.437; sleep 6 h or less: AOR, 1.737), noise exposure in other places (AOR, 6.395), and momentary noise exposure (AOR, 5.504) increased the risk of tinnitus. Participants whose mother had a history of tinnitus showed higher AORs. However, high body mass index, alcohol consumption, stress, monthly household income, having an abnormal tympanic membrane, unilateral or bilateral hearing loss, noise exposure caused by earphone, and noise exposure in the workplace, all reported risk factors for tinnitus, showed no statistically significant difference. A tinnitus history in the father was also not associated with tinnitus in children. Conclusion We believe that understanding the influences of these factors will help in preventing tinnitus.
De Jure and De Facto Validity in the Logic of Time and Modality

What formulas are tense-logically valid depends on the structure of time, for example on whether it has a beginning. Logicians have investigated what formulas correspond to what physical hypotheses about time. Analogously, we can investigate what formulas of modal logic correspond to what metaphysical hypotheses about necessity. It is widely held that physical hypotheses about time may be contingent. If so, tense-logical validity may be contingent. In contrast, validity in modal logic is typically taken to be non-contingent, as reflected by the general acceptance of the so-called “rule of necessitation. ” But as has been argued by various authors in recent years, metaphysical hypotheses may likewise be contingent. If, in particular, hypotheses about the extent of possibility are contingent, we should expect modal-logical validity to be contingent too. Let “contingentism” be the view that everything that is not ruled out by logic is possible. I shall investigate what the right system of modal logic is, if contingentism is true. Given plausible assumptions, the system contains the McKinsey principle, and is thus not even contained in S5. It also contains simple and elegant iteration principles for the contingency operator: something is contingent if and only if it is contingently contingent.
Social inequalities in health among the elderly: a challenge for public health research

Health inequalities among the elderly Older people have tended to be neglected in research on health inequalities compared with people in other stages of life. Similarly, there has been a lack of research on how class interacts with gender in later life. These omissions are difficult to understand since health needs and the use of health services are greater among older age groups. Moreover, with the improvements in living and working conditions, as well as quality of healthcare services, the proportion of elderly people has risen significantly and will continue to increase during the coming decades. By 2050, it is expected that 30% of Europeans will be aged >60 years and whereas the very old constitute 3% of the European population today, 11 of the former EU15 member states will have at least 10% of their population aged ⩾80 years by 2050.1 There is no consensus about the best measure of socioeconomic position (SEP) in older ages—for example, the use of indicators of SEP based on occupation among people who are no longer in the labour market has been questioned. On the other hand, in trying to identify the best measure of SEP among the elderly, the importance of using multiple indicators has been emphasised. The study of Hyde and Jones2 ( see page 533 ) addresses this issue and overcomes some limitations of previous research. It examines a broad range of SEP measures, and also restricts the study population to retirees, therefore …
Integrating QR codes in a blended context-oriented mobile learning model: A proposal

Technologies are creating learning opportunities that challenge traditional educational institutions. Students use mobile technologies outside the classroom but aren't allowed to use them inside. Learning through mobile devices, known in literature as mobile learning (m-learning), highlights the acquisition of context-oriented contents. One of the promising technologies to be used for this goal is a variant of barcodes; quick response codes (QR-codes). In the suggested learning system, QR codes will allow an automatic authentication on moodle platform by the student through his profile and his mobile device. These codes enclose the necessary information to connect the context-oriented materials and the learning places. Each student follows guidelines with the instructions of the learning places to visit, informing about the QR codes to decrypt. The detected information is sent to the moodle platform asking for the context-oriented learning material. A case study will be conducted to show the degree of efficiency and effectiveness of its use and relevance in the teaching-learning process.
Detection of glutamate/glutamine resonances by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 0.5 tesla

Midfield proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive method to monitor glutamate and glutamine (Glx) levels in vivo. Experiments to detect the γ and β resonances of Glx have been performed by using commercial 0.5 T and 1.5 T MR scanners on seven patients with elevated blood ammonia and eight normal volunteers. Compared with the spectral sensitivity obtained on an otherwise identical system operating at 1.5 T, the singlet resonance of N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) was decreased by a factor of 1.48, which is significantly less than expected using the ratio of Boltzman populations at the two field strengths. However, the resonances of Glx at 0.5 T increased in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) by a factor of 2. The increased SNR of Glx is principally due to improved B 0 main‐field homogeneity and collapse of the strongly J ‐coupled Glx resonances. Our preliminary results suggest that midfield proton MRS will provide significant clinical utility in the detection of Glx levels in human brain.
An examination of the internal consistency and factor structure of the eating disorder inventory-2 in a clinical sample.

We examined the internal consistency and factor structure of the newly revised version of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), with particular emphasis on the examination of the three new provisional scales: Asceticism, Impulse Regulation, and Social Insecurity. Subjects were 300 women who were seeking treatment at a residential treatment facility for women with eating disorders. Chronbach's alphas ranged from . 80 to . 91 for the eight original scales whereas coefficients for the three new scales were all less than . 80, the criterion stated as being necessary for inclusion in the test. Item-total correlations were also substantially lower for the three new scales. The results of principal components analyses with orthogonal rotation supported the factor structure of the original 64-item EDI, but not the three additional scales. These data generally supported the reliability and factor structure of the original eight scales but did not support the reliability or validity of the three provisional scales.
Towards a Cross Layer Framework for ad hoc wireless networks

In a resource-limited wireless communication environment, various approaches to meet the ever growing application requirements in an efficient and transparent manner, are being researched and developed. Amongst many approaches, cross layer technique is by far one of the significant contributions that has undoubtedly revolutionized the way conventional layered architecture is perceived. In this paper, we propose a Cross Layer Framework based on vertical layer architecture. The primary contribution of this paper is the functional architecture of the vertical layer which is primarily responsible for cross layer interaction management and optimization. The second contribution is the use of optimization cycle that comprises awareness parameters collection, mapping, classification and the analysis phases. The third contribution of the paper is the decomposition of the parameters into local and global network perspective for opportunistic optimization. We have shown through simulations how parameters' variations can represent local and global views of the network and how we can set local and global thresholds to perform opportunistic optimization. Finally, we conclude and highlight future challenges associated with the proposed framework.
USE OF PLATELET TRANSFUSIONS

Although platelct transfusions were proposed and uscd in 1910 (Duke, I ~ I O ) , thc develop ment of non-wetting, silicone-coated syringes (Hirsch & Gardner, 1952) allowed thrombocytopenic bleeding to be controlled by transfusions of platelet-rich blood from polycrhaemia vcra donors. Within a year of clinical use, repeated transfusions demonstrated a decreased yicld and survival of platelets in thcsc recipients. However, thcrc was marked variability in the numbcr of transfusions requircd from patient to patient. Early observations (Aster, 1965a) indicatcd that platelet recovery in the recipient was better with group ABO compatible donors, but rhesus antigen compatibility was not necessary. Current information (Yankee el d, 1973) has suggcstcd that immunization from multiple platelct transfusions is associated, for thc most part, with mismatched histocompatibility locus antigens (HL-A). The proper selection of compatible donors usually will allow cffective platelet transfusions from siblings for months if adcquate H G A cross-matching has been achieved. In the past decade, transfusions have been givcn as platelet conccntrates in a final volume of 30-50 ml derived from I unit (250 xnl) of platclct-rich plasma. With protocol treatincnt progranimes for acute leukaemia, the use of platelct transfusions has expanded enormously. The American National Red Cross prepared 79000 units of platelet concentrates in 1969 compared with 286 ooo units in 1972. The niajority of thcsc platelct transfusions have been administered within 24 hr aftcr preparation and storcd at 4°C. In rcccnt years (Murphy et al, 1970), platelet concentrates havc been maintained at ZZ’C and used over a 72, hr interval. Currently, clinical trials have becii initiated to compare the efficacy of platelets storcd at 22°C and 4°C. It is hopcd that such clinical trials will define thc protective values of platelet transfusion as wcll as to asscss the neccssity for prophylactic use of platelets at various levels of thrombocytopenia. From clinical cxperience with phase counting of platclcts, there is littlc need for platelet transfusions with circulating platelet counts abovc 40 ooo/pl, and serious bleeding is seldom obscrved until platelct counts are less than 20 ooo/pl. Even at these very low platclct levels, capillary integrity is rclatcd to thc age of the circulating platelets. Hencc, the prcdoniinantly young platclets in dcsauctivc thmbocytopenia associated with idiopathic tlironibocytopcnia purpura (ITP) aftcr splellcctomy or followiiig immune lysis after drug ingcstion may control purpura at a platelet lcvcl of 10 ooo/~il (Sh&an c’t Q/ , 1965). Until adequatc data havc bcen collcctcd, thc physiciati s h d d evaliiatc thc pathogenesis of the thrombocytopeiiia rathcr than thc platelet COUnt per se. ’