Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PDRS: A New Recovery Scheme Application for Vertical RAID-6 Code

As the technique developing, some important problems in storage systems have been solved appropriately. A good example is the development of RAID-6 code techinque, the appear of it has greatly improved the reliability, availability of modern storage systems. Some best known vertical RAID-6 code like P-code and X-code has acquire optimal or near optimal performance in encoding, decoding and update. But they do not detailedly analysis the status of reconstruction with single-disk failure. In the status, there are many paths to perform reconstructing. But the path you choice will greatly affect the performance of whole storage system. Based the phenomenon found above, we present a fast and effcient scheme, Path Directed Recovery Scheme (PDRS for short), to find a optimal path to reconstruct single-disk failure in P-code and X-code. Using PDRS, we will acquire some benefits: (1) it can decrease the disk I/O complexity caused by reconstruction and therefore accelerating the speed of reconstruction, (2) it can balance the load on each disk, consequently can avoid the hot problem in a degree. We perform theoretical analysis and evaluation of the PDRS when applied in P-code with (p-1)-disk and X-code with p-disk. Our theoretical analysis shows that PDRS applied in P-code with (p-1)-disk can acquire up to 25% performance improvement. To verify the effectiveness of PDRS, we have conducted intenvice simulation. The simulation results shows that PDRS applied in P-code with (p-1)-disk can speedup the recovery duration by up to 23.6% under spare-rebuilding mode. Overall, PDRS is a efficient and useful recovery scheme that can applied to all of the vertical RAID-6 code.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study of lurasidone for the maintenance of efficacy in patients with schizophrenia

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of lurasidone as maintenance treatment for schizophrenia. Method: Adults experiencing an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia initially received 12–24 weeks of open-label treatment with lurasidone (40–80 mg/d, flexibly dosed). Patients who maintained clinical stability for ⩾12 weeks were randomized in double-blind fashion to placebo or lurasidone (40–80 mg/d, flexibly dosed) for an additional 28-week treatment period. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to relapse (based on Kaplan–Meier survival analysis). Results: A total of 676 patients enrolled in the open-label phase; 285 met protocol-specified stabilization criteria and were randomized to lurasidone (N=144) or placebo (N=141). During the open-label phase, mean Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score decreased from 90.1 to 54.4 in patients who met clinical stability criteria and were randomized. In the double-blind phase, lurasidone significantly delayed time to relapse compared with placebo (log-rank test, p=0.039), reflecting a 33.7% reduction in risk of relapse (Cox hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.663 (0.447–0.983); p=0.041). Probability of relapse at the double-blind week 28 endpoint (based on Kaplan–Meier analysis) was 42.2% in the lurasidone group and 51.2% in the placebo group. Minimal changes in weight, lipid, glucose, and prolactin were observed throughout the study. Conclusions: This multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study demonstrated the efficacy of lurasidone for the maintenance treatment of patients with schizophrenia.
Mini-Incision Technique for Acute Distal Biceps Tendon Repair

Surgical reattachment of an acutely avulsed distal biceps tendon has been proven effective at restoring strength and endurance to the injured arm. Recent controversies relate to the exposure, because some complications are related to surgical approach. The authors describe a modification of the two-incision technique using a small anterior incision to identify and retrieve the torn and retracted distal tendon stump with the addition of a second posterior incision to expose the radial tuberosity for tendon reinsertion. The use of the two incisions limits the anterior dissection and minimizes the risk of complications while providing for a stable repair.
Affect and Cognitive Performance in High School Wrestlers Undergoing Rapid Weight Loss.

Recent research has demonstrated transient affective changes and impairment of short-term memory in college wrestlers as a result of rapid weight loss (RWL) of at least 5% body weight prior to competition. This study examined the effects of RWL on cognition and affect in high school wrestlers. Wrestlers were considered to be engaging in RWL if they were losing over 5% of body weight (n = 14). Those losing less than 1% of body weight (n = 14) were considered maintainers and served as the control group. Both groups were given a battery of tests assessing cognitive performance (Trail Making Tests A & B, Stroop color-word test, Wechsler digit span, and choice reaction/movement time) and affective state (PANAS) at normal weight (5 to 10 days prior to competition) and again 8 to 12 hours prior to weigh-in. Results indicated an average loss of 4.68 kg in the RWL group and 0.29 kg in the control group. A group-by-time MANOVA and univariate follow-up tests indicated a significant group-by-time interaction for positive affect, p < . 014, with the RWL wrestlers having less positive affect than the control group just prior to weigh-in. However, none of the cognitive performance tests demonstrated significant differential changes for RWL vs. control groups, p > . 10. Given the control for competition effects in the present study, results suggest there are affective disturbances, but not cognitive impairments, associated with RWL of at least 5% body weight in high school wrestlers.
Examining the potential preventative effects of minocycline prescribed for acne on the incidence of severe mental illnesses: A historical cohort study

Background: Animal studies suggest that the antibiotic and microglial activation inhibitor, minocycline, is likely to have a protective effect against the emergence of psychosis but evidence from human studies is lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of exposure to minocycline during adolescence on the later incidence of severe mental illness (SMI). Methods: A historical cohort study using electronic primary care data was conducted to assess the association between exposure to minocycline during adolescence and incidence of SMI. The Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) was measured using Poisson regression adjusted for age, gender, time of exposure, socioeconomic deprivation status, calendar year and co-medications. Results: Early minocycline prescription (n=13,248) did not affect the incidence of SMI compared with non-prescription of minocycline (n=14,393), regardless of gender or whether or not the data were filtered according to a minimum exposure period (minimum period: IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.68–1.36; p=0.821; no minimum period: IRR 1.08; 95% CI 0.83–1.42; p=0.566). Conclusions: Exposure to minocycline for acne treatment during adolescence appears to have no effect on the incidence of SMI.
Electromyography Activation Levels of the 3 Gluteus Medius Subdivisions During Manual Strength Testing.

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. CONTEXT Gluteus medius (GM) muscle dysfunction is associated with overuse injury. The GM is functionally composed of 3 separate subdivisions: anterior, middle, and posterior. Clinical assessment of the GM subdivisions is relevant to detect strength and activation deficits and guide specific rehabilitation programs. However, the optimal positions for assessing the strength and activation of these subdivisions are unknown. OBJECTIVE The first aim was to establish which strength-testing positions produce the highest surface electromyography (sEMG) activation levels of the individual GM subdivisions. The second aim was to evaluate differences in sEMG activation levels between the tested and contralateral (stabilizing) leg. METHOD Twenty healthy physically active male subjects participated in this study. Muscle activity using sEMG was recorded for the GM subdivisions in 8 different strength-testing positions and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Significant differences between testing positions for all 3 GM subdivisions were found. There were significant differences between the tested and the contralateral anterior and middle GM subdivisions (P < .01). The posterior GM subdivision showed no significant difference (P = .154). CONCLUSION Side-lying in neutral and side-lying with hip internal rotation are the 2 positions recommended to evaluate GM function and guide specific GM rehabilitation.
Burn injury associated with comorbidities: Impact on the outcome

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the impact of comorbidities on the outcome of burn injuries. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 108 patients, treated between August 2010 and July 2013, was carried out. All patients were admitted, assessed and managed. The medical notes on 72 patients with comorbidity (Study group) were analyzed and matched with 36 other patients, without comorbidities (Control group), according to age, gender, and interval time between injury and admission. Information regarding types of burn injuries, depth of burn, comorbidities, operative procedures and final outcome were noted. Results: Patients were evaluated in terms of their duration of stay in the hospital and mortality. The comorbidities that influence these factors are renal disease, liver disease, cancer, pulmonary disorders, cardiac disease, obesity, peripheral vascular disorders, alcohol abuse, smoking and neurological disorders. Conclusion: It was found that the associated comorbid conditions influence the outcome of patients, injured due to burn, in terms of the duration of their stay in the hospital and mortality.
A sparse bayesian approach to multistatic radar imaging

We tackle the problem of multistatic radar image formation by simultaneously exploiting the sparsity and covariance structure of radar images measured by a local GSM distribution of wavelet coefficients. Our aim is to gauge the extent to which such local statistical information can be leveraged in addition to the commonly used l1 sparsity constraint. Though we assume knowledge of the covariance structure of the source image, this provides a benchmark for subsequent relaxation of this assumption and its generalization to more complex probabilistic models of scene structure.
Does total parenteral nutrition-induced intestinal mucosal atrophy occur in humans and can it be affected by enteral supplements?

When generalized malnutrition is present, the relative merits of providing nutritional support by enteral or parenteral feeding have been commonly resolved by using the enteral route if it is available. However, if the parenteral route alone is chosen, there remains the question whether intestinal mucosal mass or function (absorption or barrier maintenance) is affected and, if so, whether enteral supplements are beneficial. This article reviews the current information available and its application to the care of patients.
Effectiveness of Salted Ice Bag Versus Cryocompression on Decreasing Intramuscular and Skin Temperature.

CONTEXT Rest, ice, compression, and elevation are commonly recommended immediately after injury. Traditionally, ice bag (IB) with elastic wrap compression has been utilized; however, recently intermittent cryocompression units are being used. Limited research has evaluated tissue temperature decreases with intermittent cryocompression units. OBJECTIVE Evaluate magnitude of muscle and skin cooling. DESIGN Repeated-measures counterbalanced study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twelve healthy college-aged participants (4 males and 8 females; age = 23.08 [1.93] y; height = 171.66 [9.47] cm; mass = 73.67 [13.46] kg; subcutaneous thickness = 0.90 [0.35] cm) without compromised circulation or injury. INTERVENTION(S) Salted IB, GameReady (GR), and PowerPlay-ice bag (PP-ice) were applied to the posterior aspect of the nondominant calf for 30 minutes; participants underwent each treatment in counterbalanced order. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Muscle temperature measured via 21-gauge catheter thermocouple; skin temperature measured via a surface thermocouple. Temperatures were recorded at baseline and during a 30-minute treatment. Correlations were evaluated between muscle and skin temperatures. RESULTS Nonsignificant treatment × time interaction and nonsignificant main effect of treatment for intramuscular cooling. Mean Decrease From Baseline: IB, 6.4°C (±2.8); GR, 5.4°C (±1.1); PP-ice, 4.8°C (±2.8). Nonsignificant treatment × time interaction for skin cooling (F20,200 = 1.440, P = .65, ηp2=.346 , and observed β = 0.773), but significant main effect for treatment (F10,100 = 5.279, P = .03, ηp2=.883 , and observed β = 1.00). Mean Decrease From Baseline: IB, 17.0°C; GR, 16.4°C; PP-ice, 14.6°C. No significant correlation between intramuscular and skin temperatures in any condition at any time point. No significant correlation between adipose tissue thickness and maximum temperature decrease with any modality. CONCLUSIONS Salted IB with elastic wrap compression, GR, and PP-ice produced equivalent intramuscular temperature decreases during the treatment period.
Secrecy transmission capacity of random networks

We investigate the secrecy transmission capacity of random networks with Nakagami-m fading. Using a model that accounts for uncertainties both in node locations (distances) and channel coefficients (fading), we derive the path-gain distribution of the collusion of nodes, as well as the corresponding secrecy outage probability and secrecy rate distribution. These results are then used to obtain the secrecy transmission capacity of the network. The results are useful in quantifying the impact of fading and density of legitimate/eavesdropping nodes on the performance of random networks.
More Discussion about Misattributed Parentage in Transplantation

I want to thank Drs. Zachary and Leffell for their interest in my manuscript, ‘Good Ethics Requires Good Science: Why Transplant Programs Should NOT Disclose Misattributed Parentage’ (1). Zachary and Leffell argue that genetic tests are very useful to evaluate parentage (2). I agree. They argue that HLA is very accurate (although ≤97%) for determining parentage (2); and again I agree. However, they misunderstand the main thesis of my manuscript which is that one should not assume, without extensive additional work-up, that inconsistencies in HLA and ABO between parent-child dyads for transplantation is misattributed paternity or misattributed maternity.
5-HT 2C receptor sensitivity during treatment with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors

We studied the effect of repeated treatment with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the sensitivity of brain 5-HT2C receptors, by measuring the decrease in slow wave sleep (SWS) that follows administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) (7.5 mg orally). mCPP significantly lowered SWS both in patients taking SSRIs and in a group of healthy controls. There was, however, no difference in the response between the two groups. The results do not support the suggestion that repeated SSRI treatment alters the sensitivity of 5-HT2C receptors in the human brain. The present study, however, cannot exclude the possibility that a decrease in 5-HT2C receptor sensitivity was offset by higher plasma levels of mCPP in the SSRI-treated group.
Patients’ perceptions of the impact of involuntary inpatient care on self, relationships and recovery

Background: Qualitative investigations show that people can have positive and negative experiences of involuntary inpatient care. Legal changes have extended the use of compulsory treatment. Aims: To explore patients’ perceptions of the impact of involuntary inpatient care on self, relationships and recovery. Method: Twelve participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule, exploring their experiences of involuntary inpatient care. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a Thematic Analysis. Results: Participants reported varying experiences of involuntary inpatient care, with respect to perceived effects on self, relationships and recovery. Participants’ perceptions of self were related to their experience of relationships with professionals. Perceived loss of competence and negative experiences of medication were seen as barriers to recovery. Conclusions: The development of caring and supportive relationships between ward staff/ mental health professionals and patients should be emphasized during involuntary inpatient care. Alternative forms of treatment should be routinely provided.
Stimulant-induced disruption of non-human primate social behavior and the psychopharmacology of schizophrenia

nication and social cognition (see Brothers, this volume). Non-human primates offer a rich variety of social interactions that can be quantified and recorded. Experimental manipulation of brain function in members of group-housed non-human primates enables investigation of normal and, perhaps, psychopathological social behavior. Drugs have been used as probes to study changes in the social interaction of monkeys. Several laboratories have demonstrated the profound effects of amphetamine and related psychostimulants in disrupting normal social interaction (e.g. Machiyama, Utena and Kikuchi, 1970; Kjellberg and Randrup, 1973; Crowley et al., 1974; Garver et al., 1975; Miczek and Yoshimura, 1982; Bellarosa, Bedford and Wilson, 1980; Smith and Byrd, 1983; Annett et al., 1989). Over the past two decades, our laboratory has investigated the effects of numerous psychoactive drugs on social function in non-human primates. A major focus has been the study of behavioral changes induced by psychotomimetic agents in members of stumptail macaque social groups as a probe for understanding human psychotic processes. A systematic evaluation of three classes of psychotomimetic drugspsychomotor stimulants, phencyclidine/sigma agonists and hallucinogens-led us to conclude that stimulants consistently produced behavioral changes which have greater face validity
Ion channel networks in the control of cerebral blood flow

One hundred and twenty five years ago, Roy and Sherrington made the seminal observation that neuronal stimulation evokes an increase in cerebral blood flow.1 Since this discovery, researchers have attempted to uncover how the cells of the neurovascular unit—neurons, astrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells and pericytes—coordinate their activity to control this phenomenon. Recent work has revealed that ionic fluxes through a diverse array of ion channel species allow the cells of the neurovascular unit to engage in multicellular signaling processes that dictate local hemodynamics. In this review we center our discussion on two major themes: (1) the roles of ion channels in the dynamic modulation of parenchymal arteriole smooth muscle membrane potential, which is central to the control of arteriolar diameter and therefore must be harnessed to permit changes in downstream cerebral blood flow, and (2) the striking similarities in the ion channel complements employed in astrocytic endfeet and endothelial cells, enabling dual control of smooth muscle from either side of the blood–brain barrier. We conclude with a discussion of the emerging roles of pericyte and capillary endothelial cell ion channels in neurovascular coupling, which will provide fertile ground for future breakthroughs in the field.
Study of droplets motion on a chip driven by thermal gradient

In this paper a microfluidic device for actuation of liquid droplets on a solid surface was designed, fabricated and tested. The digital microfluidic chip with Ti as micro-heater, Au film as pad, PECVD SiO2 as dielectric layer on glass substrate, is fabricated by the silicon bulk process. Test results show that deionized (DI) water and silicon oil can be transported on device surface smoothly under voltage of 7V. We have also drawn out that the speed of droplet is a function of applied thermal gradient, droplet size and liquid material parameters. In this study we demonstrate that the thermocapillary actuation droplet can be tunable.
Dynamic diameter response of intraparenchymal penetrating arteries during cortical spreading depression and elimination of vasoreactivity to hypercapnia in anesthetized mice

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) induces marked hyperemia with a transient decrease of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), followed by sustained oligemia. To further understand the microcirculatory mechanisms associated with CSD, we examined the temporal changes of diameter of intraparenchymal penetrating arteries during CSD. In urethane-anesthetized mice, the diameter of single penetrating arteries at three depths was measured using two-photon microscopy during passage of repeated CSD, with continuous recordings of direct current potential and rCBF. The first CSD elicited marked constriction superimposed on the upstrokes of profound dilation throughout each depth of the penetrating artery, and the vasoreaction temporally corresponded to the change of rCBF. Second or later CSD elicited marked dilation with little or no constriction phase throughout each depth, and the vasodilation also temporally corresponded to the increase of rCBF. Furthermore, the peak dilation showed good negative correlations with basal diameter and increase of rCBF. Vasodilation induced by 5% CO2 inhalation was significantly suppressed after CSD passage at any depth as well as hyperperfusion. These results may indicate that CSD-induced rCBF changes mainly reflect the diametric changes of the intraparenchymal arteries, despite the elimination of responsiveness to hypercapnia.
Normative Values for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing Among US Children Aged 6-11 years.

BACKGROUND Nationally representative normative values for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have not been described for US children since the mid 1980s. OBJECTIVE To provide sex- and age-specific normative values for CRF of US children aged 6-11 years. METHODS Data from 624 children aged 6-11 years who participated in the CRF testing as part of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey, a cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. Participants were assigned to one of three age-specific protocols and asked to exercise to volitional fatigue. The difficulty of the protocols increased with successive age groups. CRF was assessed as maximal endurance time (min:sec). Data analysis was conducted in 2016. RESULTS For 6-7, 8-9, 10-11 year olds, corresponding with the age-specific protocols, mean endurance time was 12:10 min:sec (95% CI: 11:49-12:31), 11:16 min:sec (95% CI: 11:00-11:31), and 10:01 min:sec (95% CI: 9:37-10:25), respectively. Youth in the lowest 20th percentile for endurance time were more likely to be obese, to report less favorable health, and to report greater than two hours of screen time per day. CONCLUSIONS These data may serve as baseline estimates to monitor trends over time in CRF among US children aged 6-11 years.