Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-Correlation Map Analyses Show Weather Variation Influences on Mosquito Abundance Patterns in Saginaw County, Michigan, 1989–2005

ABSTRACT Weather is important determinant of mosquito abundance that, in turn, influences vectorborne disease dynamics. In temperate regions, transmission generally is seasonal as mosquito abundance and behavior varies with temperature, precipitation, and other meteorological factors. We investigated how such factors affected species-specific mosquito abundance patterns in Saginaw County, MI, during a 17-yr period. Systematic sampling was undertaken at 22 trapping sites from May to September, during 1989–2005, for 19,228 trap-nights and 300,770 mosquitoes in total. Aedes vexans (Meigen), Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans Theobald, the most abundant species, were analyzed. Weather data included local daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, total precipitation, and average relative humidity. In addition to standard statistical methods, cross-correlation mapping was used to evaluate temporal associations with various lag periods between weather variables and species-specific mosquito abundances. Overall, the average number of mosquitoes was 4.90 per trap-night for Ae. vexans, 2.12 for Cx. pipiens, and 1.23 for Cx. restuans. Statistical analysis of the considerable temporal variability in species-specific abundances indicated that precipitation and relative humidity 1 wk prior were significantly positively associated with Ae. vexans, whereas elevated maximum temperature had a negative effect during summer. Cx. pipiens abundance was positively influenced by the preceding minimum temperature in the early season but negatively associated with precipitation during summer and with maximum temperature in July and August. Cx. restuans showed the least weather association, with only relative humidity 2–24 d prior being linked positively during late spring—early summer. The recently developed analytical method applied in this study could enhance our understanding of the influences of weather variability on mosquito population dynamics.
Optimal fines in libraries and documentation centers

In this paper we try to determine the optimal level of the fines imposed on library users. These fines are levied to deter people from keeping books too long or even damage or steal them. The fines should be high enough to prevent abuses but not excessively high. Our model will be based on the work of Polinsky and Shavell on optimal fines for polluters. It will be proved that the optimal fine should depend on the level of harm done, the probability of detection and the variable enforcement cost. We will illustrate this with an example.
Promoting use and contribution of open educational resources

Sanjaya Mishra Sanjaya Mishra Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia 7/8, Sarv Priya Vihar, New Delhi-110016 http://www.cemca. org.in Why some teachers share their work, while others do not? What would enable teachers to share the knowledge resources developed by them to help foster knowledge societies? Sharing educational materials with an open license is at the heart of the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement. This research monograph shows that higher education teachers in India have positive attitude towards OER and are motivated to use and share their resources for altruistic reasons. Teachers believe that the reputation and trustworthiness of the source, as well as the resources' fitness for purpose in local contexts, are the key criteria for quality. Understanding of licensing and copyright issues, and their current workload, are barriers to adaptation of OER. Based on research data, it presents a model for OER uptake and integration in teaching and learning in India.
Using Multiple Metrics in Automatically Building Turkish Paraphrase Corpus

Paraphrasing is expressing similar meanings with different words in different order. In this sense it is viewed as translation in the same language. It is an important issue in natural language processing for automatic machine translation, question answering, text summarization and language generation. Studies in paraphrasing can be classified as paraphrase extraction, paraphrase generation, paraphrase recognition. In this paper we present automatic sentential paraphrase extraction from comparable texts downloaded from Turkish newspapers related to similar news. We applied seven text similarity metrics and assumed the two most similar ones as candidates. Through an interface these are shown to 3 human annotators to be labelled as paraphrase, entailing, entailed, opposite in meaning and not paraphrase. In this paper we only present results driven from a single topic. The sentences in the other topics will be processed based on the experience gained in the current work. This will be the first automatically built and golden standard tagged Turkish paraphrase corpus.
Serum markers of type I collagen formation and degradation in metabolic bone disease: Correlation with bone histomorphometry

Type I collagen makes up more than 90% of bone matrix. Therefore, analysis of antigens related to collagen formation and degradation in bone should provide good and specific estimates of both bone resorption and bone formation rates. In this study we measured serum levels of the pyridinoline cross‐linked telopeptide domain of type I collagen (ICTP) as a marker of bone resorption and serum carboxy‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) as a marker of bone formation. Serum levels of the two antigens were correlated to histomorphometric indices of bone resorption and bone formation calculated from iliac crest bone biopsies in a group of 18 individuals with high‐ and low‐turnover bone disease (myxedema, primary hyperparathyroidism, and thyrotoxicosis). After logarithmic transformation the regression of S‐ICTP on volume‐referent resorption rate (BRs/R/BV) was significant (r = 0.61, p < 0.01, SEM/Y = 56%). S‐ICTP also showed a significant regression on the volume‐referent cancellous bone balance (r = −0.45, p < 0.05, SEM/Y = 412%).
Neurocognitive Changes in Cancer Survivors

This article provides an overview of the most recent literature on the cognitive adverse effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in patients treated with chemotherapy was variable in studies using a cross-sectional design. More recent prospective studies detected cognitive difficulties in subgroups of patients, mostly at short-term follow-ups, but other studies found no evidence of impairment. Studies using neuroimaging techniques and animal models have begun to examine structural and functional correlates of cognitive changes associated with chemotherapy. A review of the literature suggests that considerable progress has been made in the investigation of chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction in recent years, and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to further elucidate the mechanisms that may underlie treatment-related toxicity.
PrPc is temporospatially expressed in molar development of rats

Odontogenesis, tooth development, is derived from two tissue components: ectoderm and neural crest‐derived mesenchyme. Cyto‐differentiation of odontogenic cells during development involves time‐dependent and sequential regulation of genetic programs. This study was conducted to detect molecules implicated in cyto‐differentiation of developing molar germs of rats. Differential display‐PCR revealed that PrPc was differentially expressed between cap/early bell‐staged germs (maxillary 3rd molar germs) and root formation‐staged germs (maxillary 2nd molar germs) at postnatal day 9. Both levels of PrPc mRNA and protein expression were higher in the root formation stage than the cap/early bell stage and increased in a time‐dependent manner. Immunofluorescence revealed for the first time that PrPc was not localized in the enamel organ, but localized in dental follicular cells for the development of the periodontal ligament and cementum as well as odontoblasts, both of which are of neural crest origin. These results suggest that the physiological functions of the PrPc in tooth development may be implicated in the differentiation of neural crest‐derived mesenchyme including the periodontal tissues for root formation rather than epithelial tissue. Anat Rec, 296:1929–1935, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A fast method for obtaining active S-parameters in large uniform phased array antennas

An accelerated method for characterizing active reflection coefficients in electrically large uniform active phased arrays is presented. The proposed method only requires the S-parameters related to the center and few edge elements, which dramatically reduces the total number of measurements to be performed with a 2-port vector network analyzer (VNA). The results obtained with the proposed method are compared to HFSS and measurement results for two tapered slot antenna (TSA) arrays.
DIMERIC SURFACTANT PROTEIN B PEPTIDE SP-B 1-25 IN NEONATAL AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is a constituent surfactant protein critical for normal lung function. Monomeric SP-B 1-25 (mSP-B 1-25) , a peptide based on the N-terminal domain of human SP-B, mixed in phospholipids partially restores lung function in surfactant-deficient animals. Because native SP-B is a homodimer, we synthesized and tested dimeric SP-B 1-25 (dSP-B 1-25) . Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the secondary conformation of SP-B 1-25 was not significantly perturbed by dimerization. The effects on lung function were compared to phospholipids and Survanta in models of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and acute RDS (ARDS). Preterm rabbits born at 27 days of gestation received 100 mg surfactant / kg at birth and were ventilated for 1 hour with a tidal volume of 10 mL / kg. Dynamic compliance was monitored every 15 minutes and postmortem pressure-volume curves were measured. Adult rats were lavaged to induce surfactant deficiency, treated with 100 mg surfactant / kg, and ventilated for 2 hours. Lung function was assessed using arterial blood gases and dynamic compliance every 15 minutes and postmortem pressure-volume curves. Lung volumes in both models and oxygenation in the lavaged rats were consistently higher in the dSP-B 1-25 than in the Survanta and mSP-B 1-25 surfactant groups. The data suggest that dSP-B 1-25 is more efficient in restoring lung function in neonatal RDS and ARDS than mSP-B 1-25 surfactant.
The Relationship Between Pneumatic Tourniquet Time and the Amount of Pulmonary Emboli in Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroscopic Surgeries

Near-fatal pulmonary embolism can occur immediately after tourniquet release after orthopedic surgeries. In this study, we determined the relationship between tourniquet time and the occurrence of pulmonary emboli in 30 patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgeries, by using transesophageal echocardiography. The right atrium (RA) was continuously monitored by transesophageal echocardiography, and the number of emboli present was assessed with the following formula: Amount of emboli = 100 × [(total embolic area in the RA after tourni-quet release) − (total area of emboli or artifact in the RA before tourniquet release)]/(RA area). The area was assessed 0–300 s after tourniquet release by using image-analysis software. The peak amount of emboli appeared approximately 50 s after tourniquet release. In addition, there was a significant correlation between amount of emboli (Ae [%]) and tourniquet time (Ttq [min]): (Ae = 0.1 × Ttq − 1.0, r = 0.795, P < 0.01). This study suggests that acute pulmonary embolism may occur within 1 min of tourniquet release and that the number of emboli is dependent on Ttq.
Importance of Surrounding Residues for Protein Stability of Partially Buried Mutations

Abstract For understanding the factors influencing protein stability, we have analyzed the relationship between changes in protein stability caused by partially buried mutations and changes in 48 physicochemical, energetic and conformational properties of amino acid residues. Multiple regression equations were derived to predict the stability of protein mutants and the efficiency of the method has been verified with both back-check and jack-knife tests. We observed a good agreement between experimental and computed stabilities. Further, we have analyzed the effect of sequence window length from 1 to 12 residues on each side of the mutated residue to include the sequence information for predicting protein stability and we found that the preferred window length for obtaining the highest correlation is different for each secondary structure; the preferred window length for helical, strand and coil mutations are, respectively, 0, 9 and 4 residues on both sides of the mutant residues. However, all the secondary structures have significant correlation for a window length of one residue on each side of the mutant position, implying the role of short- range interactions. Extraction of surrounding residue information for various distances (3 to 20Å) around the mutant position showed the highest correlation at 8Å, 6Å and 7Å, respectively, for mutations in helical, strand and coil segments. Overall, the information about the surrounding residues within the sphere of 7 to 8Å, may explain better the stability in all subsets of partially buried mutations implying that this distance is sufficient to accommodate the residues influenced by major intramolecular interactions for the stability of protein structures.
State Transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The Role of the Mehler Reaction in State 2-to-State 1 Transition1

The light intensity-dependent transition to state 1 of dark-adapted anaerobic state 2 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells is stimulated by oxygen and by other electron acceptors for photosystem I, such as oxaloacetate and methylviologen. This suggests that the transition to state 1 requires the oxidation of the intersystem chain by photosystem I photochemistry. On the other hand, the mere oxidation in the dark of the chain—by addition of O2—leads only to a slow and incomplete transition. The light-driven stimulation by O2 of the state 1 transition is saturated at an O2 concentration of 15 to 20 μm, definitely higher than that of respiration. We suggest that this may represent the affinity for oxygen of the Mehler reaction, a conclusion that is confirmed by the observations that mitochondrial respiration is apparently not involved in modulating state 2-to-state 1 transition. The catalysis of the state 2-to-state 1 transition upon illumination of anaerobically adapted algae might represent, therefore, a relevant physiological role of this process in C. reinhardtii.
Implementation of grid-connected to/from off-grid transference for micro-grid inverters

This paper presents the transfer of a microgrid converter from/to on-grid to/from off-grid when the converter is working in two different modes. In the first transfer presented method, the converter operates as a Current Source Inverter (CSI) when on-grid and as a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) when off-grid. In the second transfer method, the converter is operated as a VSI both, when operated on-grid and off-grid. The two methods are implemented successfully in a real platform but the later offers some advantage.
Surveillance in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit: Patient and Environment

Abstract Microbiologic surveillance of both the patients and the ambient environment of a surgical intensive care unit allowed us to relate the incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infection to levels of airborne bacteria. Over the study period respiratory tract nosocomial infection rates varied from 0.7% to 17.0%, and nonrespiratory infection rates varied from 1.0% to 25.0%. Airborne bacteria counts during that time varied from 1.0 ± 0.8 S.E. CFU/ft3 to 96.0 ± 6.8 S.E. CFU/ft3. There was a reasonably close correlation between airborne bacteria levels and the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia (r=0.81, p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a close correlation between a specific organism nosocomial infection rate and the number of colonies of that organism present in the air (r=0.88, p<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between airborne bacteria counts and nonrespiratory attack rates (r=0.60, p<0.05). If the bacteria traveled from the air to the patients, there appear to be at least three possible explanations for this significant relationship: (1) direct inoculation of the airway by the airborne bacteria; (2) inoculation of the airway by direct contact, which is related to the degree of “cleanliness” of the environment; and (3) an increased incidence of contaminated respiratory equipment and airway inoculation because of high counts of airborne bacteria. It is also possible that high bacterial air counts represent contamination of the air from patients with respiratory infections. Regardless of the pathway(s), surveillance of the ambient environment may prove to be a useful epidemiologic tool in the study and control of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in certain high-risk patient care areas.
Growth tracks in dental enamel.

The present paper evaluates the enamel growth tracks as tools in the chronological mapping of dental development, with special reference to hominids. Dental enamel consists of tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals organized by differential orientation into a pattern of prisms and interprisms. The crystal organization is probably under the influence of both cellular and physico-chemical factors. The structure of mature enamel testifies to events that took place during enamel formation. The prisms are the fossilized tracks traced out by ameloblasts. The tangential diameter of ameloblasts and the central distance of prisms increase from the enamel-dentine junction to the enamel surface. Available evidence suggests that prism cross-striations are light microscopic expressions of prism varicosities and/or compositional variations, that these are due to a rhythm in enamel formation, and that this rhythm is diurnal. In human enamel the mean daily rate of enamel production is about 3.5 micron, but increases from inner to outer enamel and decreases from incisal/cuspal to cervical enamel. Conclusive evidence has shown that Retzius lines are incremental lines. Evenly spaced Retzius lines probably represent a 6-11 day rhythm in enamel formation, while other Retzius lines may be due to various types of stress. The geometry of the enamel growth tracks and their chronological significance are valuable tools in chronological mapping of dental development and for understanding temporal and spatial patterns in tooth morphogenesis. The taxonomic significance of prism packing patterns, prism decussation and enamel thickness should be clarified through further systematic descriptive research.
Cognitive impairment in heart failure: results from the Trial of Intensified versus standard Medical therapy in Elderly patients with Congestive Heart Failure (TIME‐CHF) randomized trial

Up to 50% of patients with heart failure (HF) may suffer from severe cognitive impairment (SCI), but longitudinal studies are sparse, and effects of changes in HF severity on cognitive function are unknown. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of SCI in HF patients, its relationship with HF severity, its effects on morbidity and mortality, and the relationship between changes in HF severity and cognitive function.
Influence of Shunt Resistance on the Performance of an Illuminated String of Solar Cells: Theory, Simulation, and Experimental Analysis

This paper presents an extensive study of how a solar cell with low shunt resistance can affect the performance and reliability of a solar panel. The analysis is based on both simulations and experimental tests and provides the following results: 1) the cell with low shunt resistance significantly reduces the efficiency of a panel; 2) this is particularly pronounced if the shunted cell is partially shaded: in this case, the shunt resistance of the cell acts as a load for the entire panel; 3) in these conditions, the shunted cell can significantly degrade: in fact, the small-size shunt paths are crossed by a high current density, generated by the other cells in the panel, thus reaching high temperature levels. Stress tests have been also carried out to fully characterize the degradation process and its dynamics and to understand the physical origin of the failure of shunted cells.
ARSCA: a computer tool for tracing the cognitive processes of cyber-attack analysis

Efficiency and interference shielding are critical factors for conducting successful cognitive task analysis (CTA) of cyber-attack analysis. To achieve this goal, a tool, named ARSCA, is developed to work with an analyst during a cyber-attack analysis task and to capture the main elements in his/her cognitive process. ARSCA conducts process tracing in a way that reduces the study time and the workload needed for analysts and does not distract the analysts from executing their tasks. ARSCA has been tested in an experiment with a simulated cyber-attack analysis task. Thirteen professional analysts and seventeen doctoral students specializing in cyber security are recruited. We evaluate the captured traces and the participants' feedbacks on working with ARSCA.
ASHA: Using Participatory Methods to Develop an Asset-building Mental Health Intervention for Bangladeshi Immigrant Women

South Asian immigrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are the fastest growing immigrant group in the United States.1 Although their population numbers nearly 3 million, they have received little attention from health researchers. This may be owing in part to their reputation as a “model minority. ”2 Earlier waves of South Asian immigrants consisted largely of educated professionals who assimilated Abstract
Shielding Effectiveness of Open Cabinet Containing Digital Modules Using Ferrite Sheet

This paper presents an enhancement in the shielding effectiveness (SE) of an open cabinet containing digital modules using a ferrite sheet when an external electromagnetic source impinges on the gate of the cabinet. We perform an electromagnetic analysis on the inner space of an open cabinet using a mode-matching method, which proceeds in the following order: the separation of the analyzed region, the representation of fields, and the enforcement of the boundary conditions on the tangential field continuities between the separated regions. To be specific, it is efficiently utilized in the representation of electric and magnetic fields by Helmholtz’s equation in conjunction with both the separation of the variable and the Fourier transform. After confirming the convergence of the solutions to the set of simultaneous equations, we investigate the SE in the open cabinet in terms of a frequency, an incident angle, and the number and the size of slits. The computed results provide us with useful information for avoiding electromagnetic interference. We then examine the improvement of shielding performance by inserting a ferrite sheet at the gate of a cabinet. We verify that the usage of the ferrite sheet with high permeability can be a preferable solution for removing the undesirable problems caused by an external electromagnetic source.
Agnostic Fundamental Analysis Works

To assess stock market informational efficiency with minimal data snooping, we take the view of a statistician with little knowledge of finance. The statistician uses techniques such as least squares to estimate peer-implied fair values from the market values of replicating portfolios with the same accounting statements as the company being valued. Divergence of a company's peer-implied value estimate from its market value represents mispricing, motivating a convergence trade that earns risk-adjusted returns of up to 10% per year and is economically significant for both large and small cap firms. The rate of convergence decays to zero over the subsequent 34 months.