Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared light-responsive supramolecular nanovalve based on mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods

We constructed a novel cancer theranostic hybrid platform, based on mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNR@MSN) gated by sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC[4]A) switches, for bio-friendly near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered cargo release in a remote and stepwise fashion. The advantages of supramolecular switches, mesoporous silicas, and AuNRs were combined in one drug delivery system. Mesoporous silicas coated on AuNRs guarantee a high drug payload and can be easily post-functionalized. Significantly, the plasmonic heating from the NIR light-stimulated AuNR cores can decrease the ring-stalk binding affinity, leading to the dissociation of SC[4]A rings from the stalks, thus opening the nanovalves and releasing the cargos. The NIR light-responsive mechanized AuNR@MSN offers exciting prospects for non-invasive controlled drug delivery, being more effective and safer than other techniques.
Trust Management in Social Internet of Things: Architectures, Recent Advancements, and Future Challenges

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) that converges with social networking concepts to create social networks of interconnected smart objects. This convergence allows the enrichment of the two paradigms, resulting into new ecosystems. While IoT follows two interaction paradigms, human to human (H2H) and thing to thing (T2T), SIoT adds on human-to-thing (H2T) interactions. SIoT enables smart “social objects” that intelligently mimic the social behavior of human in the daily life. These social objects (SOs) are equipped with social functionalities capable of discovering other SOs in the surroundings and establishing social relationships. They crawl through the social network of objects for the sake of searching for services and information of interest. The notion of trust and trustworthiness in social communities formed in SIoT is still new and in an early stage of investigation. In this article, our contributions are threefold. First, we present the fundamentals of SIoT and trust concepts in SIoT, clarifying the similarities and differences between IoT and SIoT. Second, we categorize the trust management solutions proposed so far in the literature for SIoT over the last six years and provide a comprehensive review. We then perform a comparison of the state-of-the-art trust management schemes devised for SIoT by performing comparative analysis in terms of trust management process. Third, we identify and discuss the challenges and requirements in the emerging new wave of SIoT, and also highlight the challenges in developing trust and evaluating trustworthiness among the interacting SOs.
Dynamics of biodiversity-rich deciduous trees and microhabitats in boreal forests

Establishing protected areas and maintaining biodiversity in managed forests are the main methods to conserve forest habitats and their biodiversity. The habitat characteristics that affect forest biodiversity in both protected and managed forests occur on different spatial scales, with the smallest scale consisting of structures at the level of single trees and smaller. Under the influence of dynamic processes (ecological succession, natural and anthropogenic disturbances) small-scale structures may be strongly affected, altering their contribution to local biodiversity. In this thesis, I studied two small-scale structures in northern boreal forests: deciduous trees (mainly European aspen (Populus tremula)) in conifer-dominated forests and woodpecker-made breeding cavities. These structures provide resources for multiple species. However, their abundance could be affected by dynamic processes, also in protected areas. I examined the temporal dynamics of these structures through long-term (16–30 years) monitoring. Specifically, I studied the recruitment of deciduous trees in managed forests, aspen demography in old-growth forests, the effect of treeand stand-level factors on cavity persistence, and the potential to detect aspen for conservation purposes via remote sensing. My main findings were: 1) Recruitment of deciduous trees is enhanced by prescribed burning. Mammalian herbivory impacts recruitment significantly, although its effect depends on forest age. 2) Living aspens declined by 37% in protected old-growth forests over an 18-year period and recruitment rate was low despite an abundance of saplings. Recruitment primarily occurred on forest edges. 3) Tree species, size, and condition affect the persistence of woodpecker-made cavities, with cavities lasting longer in coniferous, healthy, and larger trees. For aspen, cavities in small trees also persisted a long time. 4) Multispectral drone images can be used to detect scattered mature aspen trees in oldgrowth forests, most ideally in late spring. My results emphasize that dynamic processes in forests can alter forest characteristics that are important for biodiversity quickly. Small-scale structures, that are essential to maintain local biodiversity, underwent strong changes in just a few decades. My thesis highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of biodiversity-rich habitat structures to uncover major changes in the ability of protected areas to sustain biodiversity. Remote sensing is potentially a valuable monitoring tool, also for tree-level small-scale forest structures.
Lithium nitrides, imides and amides as lightweight, reversible hydrogen stores

Complex “chemical hydrides” present new families of materials for high gravimetric capacity hydrogen uptake. Such high capacity storage is offered reversibly with potentially rapid sorption kinetics and good cyclability by systems taking materials containing lithium and nitrogen as a basis. Such nitrides, imides and amides also present vast opportunities for doping, catalysis and morphology/size control. This feature article highlights how the materials chemistry of these hydrides has developed at a rapid rate from conception and discovery through to modification and optimisation.
Synthesis of a Series of Malonic Diester–Introduced Fullerene Derivatives

Abstract A facile preparation method for derivatization of fullerene through the Bingel reaction was introduced. A series of fullerene derivatives, to which malonic diester with different substituents were introduced, were systematically synthesized by Bingel reaction. Malonic diester could be added to fullerene at room temperature in the presence of iodine and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4. 0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and various substituents such as phenyl, hexyl, thienyl, and pyrenyl were introduced into both sides of the malonic diester. As a result, 17 systematic variations were synthesized. The solubility parameters of the obtained fullerene derivatives calculated by the method reported by Fedors were in the range of 33 to 43 (J cm−3)1/2. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details. ] GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Extension of Transmitter Bandwidth Using Optical Time-Interleaving Modulator and Digital Spectral Weaver

We demonstrate a technology to extend the bandwidth of optical transmitters based on optical time interleaving. An optical time-interleaving in-phase-and-quadrature (IQ) modulator (TI-IQM), which consists of a 1-to-2 optical selector followed by two IQMs, generates optical signals with a bandwidth of each side of the optical carrier that is up to twice that of the electronic sub-signals sent to the IQMs. The sub-signals are generated by a digital spectral weaver followed by digital-to-analog converters and tailored so that the targeted extended-bandwidth signal is obtained as the final optical output from the TI-IQM. We verified the concept in a transmission experiment with 150-GBaud 4, 8, and 16-level quadrature amplitude modulation. We successfully generated optical signals with a bandwidth of each side of optical carrier of around 76 GHz, which is almost twice that of the electronic sub-signals.
Scalable, physics-aware 6D pose estimation for robot manipulation

OF THE DISSERTATION Scalable, Physics-aware 6D Pose Estimation for Robot Manipulation by CHAITANYA MITASH Dissertation Director: Abdeslam Boularias, Kostas E. Bekris Robot Manipulation often depend on some form of pose estimation to represent the state of the world and allow decision making both at the task-level and for motion or grasp planning. Recent progress in deep learning gives hope for a pose estimation solution that could generalize over textured and texture-less objects, objects with or without distinctive shape properties, and under different lighting conditions and clutter scenarios. Nevertheless, it gives rise to a new set of challenges such as the painful task of acquiring large-scale labeled training datasets and of dealing with their stochastic output over unforeseen scenarios that are not captured by the training. This restricts the scalability of such pose estimation solutions in robot manipulation tasks that often deal with a variety of objects and changing environments. The thesis first describes an automatic data generation and learning framework to address the scalability challenge. Learning is bootstrapped by generating labeled data via physics simulation and rendering. Then it self-improves over time by acquiring and labeling real-world images via a search-based pose estimation process. The thesis proposes algorithms to generate and validate object poses online based on the objects’ geometry and based on the physical consistency of their scene-level interactions. These algorithms provide robustness even when there exists a domain gap between the synthetic training and the real test scenarios. Finally, the thesis proposes a manipulation planning framework that goes beyond model-based pose
Preparation and tribological properties of a kind of lubricant containing calcium borate nanoparticles as additives

Purpose – Nanoparticles are not well dispersed in non‐polar organic solvents due to their hydrophilic property which limits their applications in lubricant oils. To improve the oil‐solubility of nanoparticles, a novel technology was used to prepare a kind of lubricant containing calcium borate nanoparticles.Design/methodology/approach – The microstructures of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and infrared spectra (IR). Tribological properties of calcium borate nanoparticles used as additive in base oil were evaluated using four‐ball tribotester and SRV tribotester, and the worn surface of the steel ball was investigated by Polarized microscope (PM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the dispersing stability and antioxidation property of lubricant containing nanoparticles were also studied.Findings – The results indicate that the average size of the prepared nanoparticles is in the range of 50‐100 nm, and the surface of the nanopar.
The Growth of Colloidal Cadmium Telluride Nanocrystal Quantum Dots in the Presence of Cd0 Nanoparticles

The paper presents a new synthesis route for the formation of spherical-shaped CdTe semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) using colloidal solutions with oleic acid and trioctylphosphine stabilizers. The synthesis includes the occurrence of in situ precipitation of crystalline Cd0 nanoparticles prior to the formation of CdTe NQDs. The experimental evidence suggests that the existence of Cd0 induces a regulation of the precursor supply during the CdTe NQDs growth, inducing a control of the growth kinetics and determination the final shape of the NQDs. Also, the results suggest that the initial Cd/Te molar ratio controls the NQDs' quality, with excess Cd precursor inducing the generation of NQDs with exceptionally high emission QE up to 80% at room temperature.
Internal Enzyme Motions as a Source of Catalytic Activity: Rate-Promoting Vibrations and Hydrogen Tunneling

The standard view of the origin of the catalytic properties of enzymes focuses on the binding energy differences between the ground state and the transition state arising from the arrangement of residues in the active site (i.e., statics). There is an alternative view that suggests that protein motions (i.e., dynamics) might play a role in catalysis. Klinman and co-workers recently published (Kohen, A.; Cannio, R.; Bartolucci, S.; Klinman, J. Nature 1999, 399, 496−499) findings on rate measurements in thermophilic alcohol dehydrogonase (ADH). At lower temperatures (below 30 °C), this enzyme undergoes a transition to a more rigid structure, and it was found that the corresponding apparent activation energy increases and the primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) increases and becomes temperature-dependent. Explaining these results presents a challenge to theory. We show that a model of the reaction coordinate for the rate-determining step, coupled to an enzymatic environment and a specific strongly coupled a.
Charge carrier parameters in the conductive channels of HEMTs

We carried out magneto-transport measurements in In x Ga 1-x As/In y Al 1-y As quantum wells (QW) obtained by MOCVD technology on InP substrates, and known as High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT). The galvanomagnetic measurements were performed at low temperatures of 1.65-15 K in high magnetic fields up to 10 T (with B perpendicular to the plane of the well). Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations as well as the Quantum-Hall effect demonstrating the occupancy of two sub-bands were observed.
Atomic and laser spectroscopy

1. Introduction 2. Review of Classical Electrodynamics 3. Review of Quantum Mechanics 4. The Spontaneous Emission of Radiation 5. Selection Rules for Electric Dipole Transitions 6. Measurement of Radiative Lifetimes of Atoms and Molecules 7. Forbidden Transitions and Metastable Atoms 8. The Width and Shape of Spectral Lines 9. The Absorption and Stimulated Emission of Radiation 10. Radiative Transfer and the Formation of Spectral Lines 11. Population Inversion Mechanisms in Gas Lasers 12. Resonant Modes of Optical Cavities 13. Saturation Characteristics and the Single-Frequency Operation of Gas Lasers 14. Turnable Dye Lasers and Atomic Spectroscopy 15. The Hanle Effect and the Theory of Resonance Flourescence Experiments 16. Optical Double Resonance Experiments 17. Optical Pumping Experiments 18. The Hyperfine Structure of Atoms and its Investigation by Magnetic Resonance Methods Appendix
EXPLORING THE FACTORS THAT LEAD THE ADOPTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES AMONG FOOTBALL FANS

Virtual Reality (VR) applications are growing into an increasing market size, with VR technologies being used in manufacturing, medicine, art, navigation, education and gaming (Loureiro, Guerreiro, Eloy, Langaro & Panchapakesan, 2019). In sports industry, the adoption of VR is still in a very early stage, despite being acknowledged as a promising technology for various applications, among them, improving fans´ experience while watching sports games (Kim & Ko, 2019). The perspective that VR may simulate the real experience of attending the stadium in a matchday raises a common interest among managers and researchers, given the potential size of the opportunity. Due to its embryonic stage, no study so far has explored this topic from the perspective of understanding the triggers that influence its adoption. The current study addresses this research opportunity and explores the antecedents for the adoption of VR in improving fans´ experience while watching sports games. Moreover, the current study focuses on football. Else than being responsible for an expressive business size, with the European football leagues accounting for more than €28 billion, the largest share of revenues in football derives from negotiating the rights for broadcasting the games to fans´ homes (Delloite, 2019). This reveals the strategic relevance of exploring opportunities related to those fans who currently watch football games at home and enjoy experiences that are quite limited in flow and sense of presence (Kim & Ko, 2019). An immersive VR football experience simulating the match day was developed (in concept board), including avatars and covering the pre-match, the match itself, including life statistics and exclusive view points and the post-match phases. In total, 203 respondents have evaluated the concept regarding their interest and the antecedents for its adoption, as proposed by the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (Manis
Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Particle surface area has recently been considered as a possible metric in an attempt to correlate particle characteristics with health effects. In order to provide input to such studies, two Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitors (NSAMs, TSI, Inc.) were deployed in different urban sites within Los Angeles to measure the concentration levels and the diurnal profiles of the surface area of ambient particles. The NSAM's principle of operation is based on the unipolar diffusion charging of particles. Results show that the particle surface concentration decreases from ∼150 μ m2 cm−3 next to a freeway to ∼ 100 μ m2 cm−3 at 100 m downwind of the freeway, and levels decline to 50–70 μ m2 cm−3 at urban background sites. Up to 51% and 30% of the total surface area corresponded to particles < 40 nm next to the freeway and at an urban background site, respectively. The NSAM signal was well correlated with a reconstructed surface concentration based on the particle number size distribution measured with collocated Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPSs, TSI, Inc.). In addition, the mean surface diameter calculated by combination of the NSAM and the total particle number concentration measured by a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC, TSI, Inc.) was in reasonable agreement with the arithmetic mean SMPS diameter, especially at the urban site. This study corroborates earlier findings on the application of diffusion chargers for ambient particle monitoring by demonstrating that they can be effectively used to monitor the particle surface concentration, or combined with a CPC to derive the mean surface diameter with high temporal resolution.
Changes in Cell Viability of Wounded Fibroblasts following Laser Irradiation in Broad-Spectrum or Infrared Light

Objective. This study aimed to establish if broad-spectrum or infrared (IR) light in combination with laser therapy can assist phototherapy to improve the cell function of wounded cells. Background. The effect of laser light may be partly or completely reduced by broad-spectrum light. Methods. Wounded human skin fibroblasts were irradiated with 5 J/ cm 2 using a helium-neon laser, a diode laser, or an Nd:YAG laser in the dark, in the light, or in IR. Changes in cell viability were evaluated by cell morphology, ATP cell viability, LDH membrane integrity, and caspase 3/7 as an early marker of apoptosis. Results. Wounded cells exposed to 5 J/ cm 2 using 632.8 nm in the dark or 830 nm in the light or 1064 nm in the dark showed an increase in ATP viability, an increase in cytokine expression, and a decrease in LDH cytotoxicity indicating that the metabolic activity of the wounded cells was stimulated. Conclusion. Wounded cells irradiated in IR light showed an undesirable thermal effect that was proportional to the duration of exposure.
Dental Enamel Quality and Black Tooth Stain: A New Approach and Explanation by using Raman and AFM Techniques

This contribution takes in account investigation of dental enamel regarding “quality” of hydroxyapatite material involved in the mineralization process. Areas damaged by black stain were investigated in order to evaluate changes in chemical composition as compared to those of healthy dental enamel. Different sectors on tooth surfaces were analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The integral areas of ν1 (960 cm−1) phosphate peak as well as of B-type carbonate peak ν2 (1070 cm−1) were obtained to investigate structural differences between the specimens (healthy/unhealthy enamel tooth and different sectors on unhealthy surface tooth). A complete list of chemical specimens involved in chemical processes on dental enamel surface was obtained by Energy Dispersive x-rays (EDX) investigation. It was noticed that mineralized carbonate peak at 1070 cm−1 decreased significantly for unhealthy tooth enamel or spots areas (as fluorite groups), suggesting that carbonate ions are easily dissolved in the presence of fluoride. The present study is confirming an organic origin for the dental “black stain. ” The “black stain” is the result of a complex generation process from the damaged enamel, thus explaining their reappearance after the mechanical removing. A possible model for the “black stain” generation process is advanced.
Slow dynamics of supercooled trehalose hydration water in comparison with bulk water

Trehalose aqueous solutions are relevant in many technological applications, for example in cryopreservation of biomolecules. It is known that the presence of this disaccharide is able to slow down the dynamics of nearby water molecules and to modify their spatial rearrangement, nevertheless, a complete understanding of the properties of water-trehalose solutions and of trehalose cryoprotective properties is still lacking. Here we discuss recent molecular dynamics simulation results of water-trehalose solutions, performed at different temperatures upon cooling, and we compare the results with the behavior of the bulk phase. In particular we focus on the dynamical properties of hydration water, i.e., the water molecules in the hydration shell of the disaccharide. Hydration water shows a sub-diffusive behavior with respect to bulk water, the same structural relaxation typical of glass formers liquids, albeit slightly slower than in the bulk, and an additional relaxation process at longer timescales completely absent in the bulk. The analysis of hydrogen bond autocorrelation functions allows to connect the structural and long relaxation processes of hydration water to the dynamics of two distinct population of hydrogen bonds in the system, the water-water and water-trehalose hydrogen bonds.
Stark broadening for diagnostics of the electron density in non-equilibrium plasma utilizing isotope hydrogen alpha lines

Two Stark broadening parameters including FWHM (full width at half maximum) and FWHA (full width at half area) of isotope hydrogen alpha lines are simultaneously introduced to determine the electron density of a pulsed vacuum arc jet. To estimate the gas temperature, the rotational temperature of the C2 Swan system is fit to 2500 ± 100 K. A modified Boltzmann-plot method with bi-factor is introduced to determine the modified electron temperature. The comparison between results of atomic and ionic lines indicates the jet is in partial local thermodynamic equilibrium and the electron temperature is close to 13 000 ± 400 K. Based on the computational results of Gig-Card calculation, a simple and precise interpolation algorithm for the discrete-points tables can be constructed to obtain the traditional ne-Te diagnostic maps of two Stark broadening parameters. The results from FWHA formula by the direct use of FWHM = FWHA and these from the diagnostic map are different. It can be attributed to the imprecise FW.