Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of parasitoids to invasive pest Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cassava crop in Bali, Indonesia

Supartha IW, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA, Susila IW. 2020. Response of parasitoids to invasive pest Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cassava crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4543-4549. Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive pest that entered Indonesia in 2010 and attacks cassava plants, especially in Bali Province. This study aimed to identify species and establish the population distribution mapping, community structures (diversity, abundance, and dominance), and parasitization rate on cassava crops in Bali. This study conducted with a field observation method by taking infested shoots of cassava plants by P. manihoti purposively in the field. The cassava mealybug that was present in the leaves or shoots were kept in the laboratory until the parasitoid appeared. The results showed that four species of parasitoids were found to respond to invasive pest, namely Anagyrus lopezi (Encyrtidae), Acerophagus sp. (Encyrtidae), Blepyrus sp. (Encyrtidae) and Encarsia sp. (Aphelinidae). Structurally the parasitoid community had a low abundance (R1 = 0.50–0.87) and low diversity index value (H'= 0.27-0.28). While the parasitoid dominance index was in the moderate category with a value D = 0.33–0.59 in Bangli, Klungkung, Badung, Tabanan, and Buleleng Districts. But it had high dominance index values in Gianyar, Denpasar, Jembrana, and Karangasem Districts with a value D = 0.62-0.72. The three species of parasitoid spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali according to the host distribution map, namely P. manihoti on cassava crop. The four parasitoids showed varying parasitic levels in the field with the highest parasitization rate was A. lopezi followed by Acerophagus sp. , Blepyrus sp. , and Encarsia sp.
Preparation of Zirconia-Based Dental Restorative Materials and Exploration on Their Wear Performances on Enamel/Dentine

A dental restorative material based on the zirconia matrix was designed for the analysis of friction and wear performances of enamel/dentine in vitro. First, the calcium phosphate powder was obtained by the sol–gel method. Then, three kinds of candidate composite ceramic restorative materials (4Zr6D, 5Zr5D, and 6Zr4D) were obtained by sintering at different mixing ratios with zirconia. The materials were analyzed by physical property characterization and compared with polymer porcelain, glass ceramics, and zirconia, thereby exploring the difference in wear performances of different dental restoration materials in enamel and dentine. In the tests and analyses of hardness, porosity, and density, zirconia-based restorative materials with a ratio of 5Zr5D showed better toughness and less mass loss. In the comparison of wear performances, zirconia-based composite restorative materials showed higher hardness (1575.66 ± 27.36 Hv). In the enamel and dentine wear tests, the greater the hardness was, the greater the mass loss was; however, the morphology of tooth cusp and tooth surface remained unchanged. The friction performance of polymer porcelain-based restorative material matched with that of the dentine and enamel; therefore, its mass loss was less; however, its surface morphology would change. The results showed that the application of zirconia-based restorative materials as dental restorative materials could achieve the higher hardness and ensure the stability of the enamel/dentine appearance.
Momentum, Reversals, and Investor Clientele

The identical cash flow rights of Chinese A and B shares provide a natural experiment that allows us to explore how investor clienteles affect stock return patterns. Chinese domestic retail investors are responsible for the majority of trades in A shares, while foreign institutional investors have a significant presence in B shares. We find that B shares exhibit strong momentum while their corresponding A shares do not. In contrast, A shares exhibit significant short-term reversals while their B share counterparts do not. Furthermore, we document that institutional ownership strengthens momentum in B shares. These return patterns are consistent with a simple model where the trades of overconfident informed investors generate momentum and the trades of uninformed noise traders generate reversals.
Technology of Informative Feature Selection for Immunosignature Analysis

The main difficulty in practical work with data obtained via immunosignature analysis is high dimensionality and the presence of a significant number of uninformative or false-informative features due to the specific character of the technology. To ensure practically relevant quality of data analysis and classification, it is necessary to take due account of this specific character. The aim of the study is to create and test the technology for effective reduction of immunosignature data dimensionality, which provides practically relevant and high quality of classification with due regard for the properties of the data obtained. Materials and Methods. The study involved the use of two normalized data sets obtained from the public biomedical repository and containing the results of immunosignature analysis. The technology for selecting informative features was proposed within the framework of the study. It consisted of three successive steps: 1) breaking a multiclass task into a series of binary tasks using the “one vs all” strategy; 2) screening of false-informative features is performed for each binary comparison by comparing the values of the median of the sets “one” and “all”; 3) ranking of the remaining features according to their informative value and selection of the most informative ones for each binary comparison. To assess the quality of the proposed technology for informative feature selection, we used the results obtained after application of classification based on the filtered data. Support vector method that proved itself in the problems of high-dimensional data classification was used as a classification model. Results. Effectiveness of the proposed technology for informative feature selection was determined. This technology allows us to provide high quality of classification while significantly reducing the feature space. The number of features eliminated in the second step is approximately 50% for each data set under consideration, which greatly simplifies subsequent data analysis. After the third step, when the feature space is reduced to 15 features, the quality of classification by the macro-average F1-score metric is assessed as 98.9% for the GSE52581 dataset. For the GSE52581 dataset, with the feature space reduced to 266 features, the quality of classification by the macro-average F1-score metric is 91.3%. Conclusion. The results of the work demonstrate the promising outlook of the proposed technology for informative feature selection as applied to the data of immunosignature analysis.
The Use of Aligned Silver Nanorod Arrays Prepared by Oblique Angle Deposition as Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates

Aligned Ag nanorod arrays have been fabricated on glass substrates using an oblique angle vapor deposition (OAD) method. The surface morphology and structure of the Ag rods were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Individual nanorods were found to be primarily cylindrical, albeit with irregularly shaped surface protrusions of the rods. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response as a function of nanorod length was investigated using trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene as a probe molecule at an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The enhancement factors reached a maximum of ∼5 × 108 as the nanorod length approached 868 nm and then decreased to ∼3 × 106 as the nanorod length increased further to 1900 nm. For the 868 nm nanorod array, signals collected over multiple spots within the same substrate resulted in a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 10%, while an RSD of 15% was measured in signals collected from different substrates. When stored i.
An efficient approach of unsteady flamelet modeling of a cross-flow-jet combustion system using LES

Steady flamelet models have been widely used in turbulent combustion simulations because of their simplicity, efficiency, yet physics-based nature. They are, however, unable to handle slow chemical and physical processes such as pollutant formation. Unsteady flamelet models have been shown to be able to provide accurate predictions especially for pollutants, but their implementations are usually not as straightforward as for the steady models, and additional assumptions are involved. One relatively straightforward approach of implementing the unsteady flamelet model is to tabulate the time history of unsteady flamelet solutions. This often leads to flamelet libraries of large sizes because of increased dimensions for the new physics. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new and efficient approach of tabulating unsteady flamelet solutions in the LES of complex systems, here demonstrated in simulations of a cross-flow-jet combustion system. This approach employs Taylor series expansions to represent the time history of unsteady flamelet solutions. Compared with other approaches, the new approach retains the efficiency and simplicity benefits of steady flamelet models but possesses the accuracy of unsteady flamelet models. Various issues associated with the formulation and implementation of this approach are discussed, which include the selection of the base solution, the order of accuracy of the expansion, and the treatment of simultaneous wall heat losses and heat transfer through thermal radiation. This approach is validated in large eddy simulations of a cross-flow-jet combustion system. Good agreement with experiments is obtained for both temperature and NO concentration, as well as for major species.
Stable and Flexible Multi-Vehicle Navigation Based on Dynamic Inter-Target Distance Matrix

This paper proposes a flexible multi-layer and multi-controller architecture for a dynamic navigation in the formation of a group of autonomous vehicles in constrained environments. The main objectives of this architecture are to ensure reliable navigation in the formation of the vehicles and to guarantee the stable and smooth reconfiguration of the fleet shape. A precise review and analysis of the main used leader–follower modeling for the control of a fleet of autonomous vehicles is conducted. After highlighting their advantages and drawbacks, an appropriate leader–follower approach based on deformable shape is proposed. At each sample time, the leader’s state (pose and velocity), defined as the main dynamic target, is taken as a reference to guide the overall fleet dynamic. In addition, an analytic formulation of the maximum linear and angular velocities of the leader is proposed in order to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the navigation in formation as well as the fleet reconfiguration phases (between different formation shapes). An important focus of this paper corresponds to the proposition of a reliable strategy for the fleet reconfiguration, according to the environmental context (when, for instance, obstacles are detected). The safety of the fleet is formally demonstrated using an appropriate reconfiguration matrix, which takes into account the vehicles’ set-points inter-distances to avoid any inter-vehicles collisions. In addition, an estimation of the formation parameters, according to an authorized minimum distance between the vehicles, is given. Simulations and experiments in different scenarios are performed to demonstrate the flexibility, reliability, and efficiency of the proposed dynamic navigation of a fleet of vehicles in formation.
Dissection of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), annotation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), and Identification of Candidate Genes for Grain Yield in Triticum turgidum L. var durum

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 29 June, 2020 Accepted: 04 October, 2020 Online: 20 October, 2020 Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) is among the most important crops in the world. High and stable grain yield in diverse environments is the major objective in durum breeding programs. This trait is linked to the quantitative trait loci (QTL). For the detection of QTL linked to the grain yield, it is necessary to construct a high-density genetic linkage map. The aims of this study were to detect the candidate genes comprised in the QTLs on 2A chromosome linked to grain yield and annotate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The linkage map of Lahn/Cham1 population was used to identify QTLs. In multienvironmental analysis and employing bioinformatic approaches, 583 sequences corresponding to the SNPs markers selected from the detected QTL regions were analyzed, 122 SNP sequences were annotated of which 53% of the candidate genes were involved in stresses tolerance, 29.5% in plant development and growth, and 3.3% in cell transport. Moreover, 1.6% of candidate genes were retrotransposon and transposon 2.4% with unknown function. Further 9.8% were related in other cellular processes. The results also showed that 66.7% of the candidate genes harbored on 4B chromosome, were involved in stresses tolerance and 33.3% in plant development and growth. Additionally, in the specific and stressed environments analysis, the DNA sequences of the four QTL detected on 2A chromosome were used for homology search, 546 candidate genes were identified of which some were present in several QTL (F-box gene family, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteinlike), retrotransposons and transposons and others. This study provided information on employing SNPs markers to detect candidate genes linked with grain yield trait in durum wheat in contrasting environments (dry, cold, hot).
Glass transition of small polystyrene spheres in aqueous suspensions

The glass transition temperature Tg of polystyrene spheres in aqueous suspension was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Spheres with diameters of 42–548 nm show an unambiguous glass transition very near the Tg of bulk polystyrene. The magnitude of the observed heat capacity jump ΔCp at the transition decreases as the sphere size decreases. These results are interpreted as indicating that the center portion of a sphere has bulklike dynamics while an outer shell has substantially faster dynamics than the bulk. The ΔCp values are consistent with a mobile layer approximately 4 nm thick. In contrast, free-standing polystyrene films with thicknesses similar to these sphere diameters have been reported to show a single glass transition substantially below the bulk Tg value.
Compressibility of a natural smithsonite ZnCO3 up to 50 GPa

Natural smithsonite (ZnCO3) has been investigated by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with diamond anvil cells up to 50 GPa at room temperature. At ambient pressure, smithsonite adopts as calcite phase with a=4.6557(11) Å and c=15.072(12) Å. Both experimental results demonstrate that no phase transition occurs in the present examined pressure range. Isothermal pressure–volume relationship of smithsonite can be well described by the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state with V0=284.6(7) Å3, B0=126.8(6) GPa and (fixed). The axial compressibility of smithsonite presents clear anisotropy with αc=3.60×10−3 Å GPa−1>αa=1.21×10−3Å GPa −1. ZnCO3-smithsonite is proposed to approach the NaCl rocksalt structure on compression.
Optimal Design of Deep Residual Network Based on Image Classification of Fashion-MNIST Dataset

With the increasing number of layers of deep neural network, the performance of the model tends to be saturated gradually. As a very deep network architecture, the deep residual network shows beneficial characteristics in precision and convergence. This paper deeply studied the essence of deep residual network and intended to design an optimal model for classification in Fashion-MNIST dataset. Due to the significant effects of the hyper-parameters in neural network models, the method of designing model structure and optimizing training process were investigated. Next, the performances of the training models under different conditions were compared, and finally an optimal training model whose accuracy was up to 96.21% was obtained. The experimental result shows that the performance of the model can be improved by partly widening the network and selecting more advanced training process.
Proposing a performance measurement framework for the Municipalities

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this paper is to propose a performance measurement framework for Iranian municipalities as a public institution. METHODS: By selecting Karaj Municipality and referring to Balanced Score-Card Methodology, an attempt has been made to provide a framework that can be used in public institutions as an efficient tool for measuring performance. The research used analytical methods and stand-alone questionnaire survey techniques, a case study approach by cross-sectional method. The research environment was the central municipality of Karaj and the relevant deputies. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined based on Cronbach's alpha. Also, the Balanced Score-Card framework is integrated with an Analytic Hierarchy Process. FINDING: The results show that through the citizenship viewpoint, the satisfaction level of personal investors and makers is almost 7 times more important than citizens’ satisfaction. The Municipality of Karaj pays more attention to the interests of the private sector than the public interests which comes from the municipality money making target. The improved implemented projects index was, through the internal processes of business, about 3 times more important than the number of new projects index. It seems more logical to focus on the process improvement plan and project management improvement. Completion of the current projects can increase the added value to Karaj municipality. Also proper performance of Information Technology unit shows the growing importance of e-government to improve the performance of municipalities and process improvement plan. CONCLUSION: Finally, it seems a continuous process of such framework has the ability to bring together all key internal and external shareholders and rulemakings can be shaped during time and this process can be accepted by Iran’s municipal management with methodologies that compare relative importance in performance criteria.
Conformation of Surfactant Molecules in the Interlayer of Montmorillonite Studied by 13C MAS NMR

The ordering conformation of surfactant molecules in intercalated montmorillonite prepared at various concentrations was investigated by 13C MAS NMR. The 13C MAS NMR study demonstrates the coexistence of ordered and disordered chain conformations. Two main resonance peaks are associated with the backbone alkyl chains: the resonance at 33 ppm corresponds to the ordered conformation (all-trans), and the resonance at 30 ppm corresponds to the disordered conformation (mixture of trans and gauche). Deconvolution of 13C MAS NMR spectra indicates that the ordering conformation of surfactant molecules within the gallery of montmorillonite depends very much on their orientation and packing density. When amine chains are oriented parallel to the silicate layers, the amount of all-trans conformer decreases with the increase of amine concentration. However, the amount of all-trans conformer increases with the increase of amine concentration when amine chains radiate from the silicate layers. Furthermore, 13C MAS NMR spectra show that the intercalated surfactant molecules in the clay minerals never attained the complete liquidlike or solidlike behavior.
Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Pumpkin Seeds on Oogenesis Pathway, Liver, and Kidney of Female Rats : The Effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of pumpkin

Background and Objectives: Pumpkin seed extract can be a good alternative to hormone replacement therapy since it is rich in phytoestrogens. In this regard, the present research aimed to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds on the oogenesis pathway, liver, and kidney of female rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 64 Wistar female rats (including 32 adults and 32 immature rats). The adult rats were randomly divided into three experimental and one control groups (n=8 per group). Moreover, the immature rats were allocated to groups in a similar manner. The experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 received a hydro-alcoholic extract of pumpkin seed in doses of 20, 50, 100 mg/kg, respectively, via intraperitoneal injection for 21 consecutive days. For the purposes of the study, blood samples were taken one day after the last injection to determine the serum levels of female hormones as well as renal and hepatic factors. The ovaries, livers, and kidneys of the rats were also separated for histological tests. Results: Based on the results, significant increases were observed in the bodyweight of all immature rats; estrogen levels in the adult experimental group 3 and immature experimental groups 2 and 3; progesterone and creatinine levels in the immature experimental group 3; aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, unstable angina (UA), and the renal diameter in the immature experimental groups 1 and 2; follicle-stimulating hormone in the adult experimental group 3 and the immature experimental groups 1 and 2; luteinizing hormone and Graafian follicles in the adult experimental group 3; and atretic follicles in the immature experimental group 1 and 3 (P<0.05). Moreover, significant decreases were observed in the alkaline phosphatase in the adult experimental group 3; total protein, UA, and renal diameter in the immature experimental group 3; diameters of proximal and distal tubule as well as Henle’s loop in all immature rats; diameter of glomerular in the immature experimental groups 1 and 2; diameter of the renal cortex, glomerular, and Bowman's capsule in the adult experimental groups 2 and 3; secondary follicles in the adult experimental group 1, immature experimental groups 1 and 3; and primitive and early follicles in all the adult rats, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the pumpkin seeds provide the nutritional needs of the body at the onset of sexual maturity, prepare the body for sexual maturity, and regulate female sex hormones without having adverse effects on the hepatic tissues. However, it must be noted that its consumption at the onset of sexual maturity requires dosage determination and further studies.
Catalytic behaviour of a novel Fe(III) Schiff base complex in the mild oxidation of cyclohexane

The complex [FeIII(HL)Cl2(DMF)]Cl·DMF (1) was synthesized by reaction of Fe(III) chloride with a dimethylformamide solution of the Schiff base aminoalcohol HL (2-[(E)-{[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]imino}methyl]phenol) and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetry and spectroscopic methods. The catalytic investigations disclosed a marked activity of 1 towards oxidation of cyclohexane with hydrogen peroxide, under mild conditions, with yields based on cyclohexane up to 37% and TONs (turnover numbers) up to ca. 900. Kinetic experiments and selectivity parameters led to the conclusion that hydroxyl radicals are active (attacking C–H bonds) species in the studied catalytic reaction. Kinetic and UV/Vis spectrometry data revealed a complex nature of the processes occurring in the catalytic system, including the transformation of 1 into catalytically active species.