Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying the effect of transformational leadership on Islamic work ethics, case study: affiliated organization of Iran Khodro

Morality or ethics is one of the discussions that Islam emphasizes on applying it in the society. Morality as a set of values, dos and don ' ts can play important role in efficient and effective management. The main issue in this research is to study the effect of transformational leadership components on Islamic work ethics in work environments. Transformational leadership has four components which are: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, mental stimulation and individual considerations. The methodology is descriptive/survey and the statistical population of the research includes employees of one of the affiliated companies of Iran khodro in Tehran Province. The data collection tool is questionnaire. In this research for ensuring of the structure validity, confirmatory factorial analysis has been used. For testing the research hypotheses, structural equations model and Lisrel software were used. Among 5 hypotheses which were proposed in the research, only one hypothesis was confirmed and other research hypotheses were rejected and this indicates that the issue of understanding Islamic work ethics in this organization by employees isn’t a one-dimensional issue and allocated to leadership and issues such as the amount of effective relation of leaders, kind of production strategy such as mass and reduction of cost also have effect on the amount of employees , understanding of Islamic ethics in work environments.
Spatial Distribution of Iranian Population in Canada: A Portrait Using the 2001 Census Data

International migrants are confronted with a series of complex regulations related to the departure from their country of origin, their arrival in their country of destination, and the conditions of their residency in the receiving country. A rapidly increasing number of migrants today are Iranians. Major destinations of Iranian migrants are Canada, Australia, the United States, and most European countries. This study will focus on the migration of Iranian to Canada. Iranian (also referred to as Persians) is one of many cultural groups in Canada. The purpose of this article is to understand the number and general situation of Iranian immigrants in Canada, and to provide sound and interesting information to Canadian government officials and to the Iranian public in general. Census data 2001 and custom tabulations (purchased from Statistics Canada) will be used to analysis data. Arc View software will also be used for creating the necessary map and figures. Our finding will enable the researchers to provide policy guidelines for immigration and other officials in Canada. It is also identifying avenues for future research on Iranian-Canadian immigration.
Factors affecting Wisconsin feeder calf prices at a local livestock market.

Increasingly available information is illustrating the value of management on feeder cattle prices. Information from more than 2,000 lots was collected from a single market facility in western Wisconsin from 2004 through 2006 to examine factors affecting feeder cattle prices. Factors such as weight, breed, haircoat color, sex, lot size, and management practices commonly associated with preconditioning programs are found to affect feeder cattle prices in a market where dairy calves are predominate. This information provides support for implementation of a statewide preconditioning program.
INFLUENCE OF SOME AGRONOMY FACTORS ON SPIKE COMPONENTS AFTER A RARE INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT EPIPHYTOTY OF WINTER WHEAT I. EFFECT OF LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION, MINERAL FERTILIZATION AND SOWING TERM

TONEV, T. K. , V. KIRYAKOVA and G. MILEV, 2008. Influence of some agronomy factors on spike components after a rare incidence of fusarium head blight epiphytoty of winter wheat. I. Effect of long-term crop rotation, mineral fertilization and sowing term. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 14: 321-328 The investigation was performed in two field experiments during the spring of 2005 in the region of north-east Bulgaria. The year was characterized with fusarium epiphytoty on common winter wheat rare for this region. In the first trial a long-term rotation of wheat as a continuous crop and two-course rotation with maize were studied and the following rates of mineral fertilization were investigated: N 0 P 0 K 0 , N 60 P 50 K 30 , N 120 P 100 K 60 , N 180 P 150 K 60 . The second trial investigated wheat grown after spring peas in an ecological agriculture system. Four sowing terms (earlier than optimal, two sowing dates within the optimal term, and later than optimal) and four sowing rates (400, 500, 600 and 700 germinating seeds per m 2 ) were analyzed. Variety Enola was sown in both trials. The number of visibly fusarium-infected spikes was established per unit area. The main spike components were determined at stage full maturity in both visibly healthy and visibly infected spikes: number of grains and grain weight per spike, as well as 1000 grain weight. In the first trial the number of spikes infected with fusarium varied within 1.0-12.7 items per m 2 . The highest degree of visible infection was registered after predecessor maize fertilized with the maximum fertilization rate. The number of spikes infected with fusarium after previous crop spring peas in the second trial varied from 0.1 to 6.6, being limited by the sowing term and increasing with the higher crop density. Fusarium infection had a strong negative effect on spike components. In the first trial highest reduction was registered in grain weight per spike, which in the infected spikes accounted for 40-45 % of the mean grain weight in the visibly healthy spike. The relative damage caused by the infection increased with the higher fertilization rates. Wheat grown after predecessor peas had higher values of the visibly healthy spike components. At the sowing date most favorable for fusarium infection (5 th October), the mean number of grains per infected spike constituted 59.3 % from the visibly healthy one. Thousand grain weights were reduced twice and grain weight per spike – 3.4 times. The increase of the sowing rate had a slight negative effect on the values of the fusarium infected spike components.
Existence of solutions for some nonlinear problems with boundary value conditions

In this paper we study the existence of solutions for nonlinear boundary value problems ({\phi}(u' ))' = f(t,u,u'), l(u,u')=0 where l(u,u') =0 denotes the Dirichlet or mixed conditions on [0, T], {\phi} is a bounded, singular or classic homeomorphism such that {\phi}(0)=0, f(t,x,y) is a continuous function, and T a positive real number. All the contemplated boundary value problems are reduced to finding a fixed point for one operator defined on a space of functions, and Schauder fixed point theorem or Leray-Schauder degree are used.
Reproduction in Nonnative Environments: Establishment of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in Coastal Mississippi Watersheds

Abstract Tilapia, in general, are known for their plasticity in growth, reproduction, and age- and size-at-maturity that not only make them an excellent aquaculture taxa but also allow them the ability to invade and become established in nonnative environments. We investigated aspects of reproductive biology and recruitment of the nonindigenous Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, collected in the Pascagoula River watershed and from Simmons Bayou, a small tidal system of Biloxi Bay, Mississippi, over a 16-month period. Males ranged from 32.6–430.0 mm total length (TL) and females from 31.7–349.0 mm TL. The Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) for males or females indicated year-round reproduction with increased spawning intensity in spring (March to May) and in late summer (August to September). Small juveniles (≤ 25 mm TL) were collected every month of the year except March, and multiple size classes were collected suggesting successful recruitment of young. The smallest female with mature oocytes was 79.9 mm TL, and the size class where 50% of the females were mature was 113 mm TL. Batch fecundity (BF) ranged from 30–2603 oocytes for females, and there was a significant relationship between log10-BF and log10-TL and log10-BF and log10 EBW. Relative fecundity ranged from 0.89–11.75 oocytes/g EBW. Although Nile Tilapia have low fecundity, parental care essures that the majority of their eggs will survive to the juvenile stage. Low fecundity is further offset by the ability to spawn multiple broods throughout their year-round reproductive season. These reproductive characteristics may give the species a competitive advantage over native fishes. We expect Nile Tilapia to further invade and spread in these coastal watersheds.
Economic Impacts of Hypoxia on North Carolina Brown Shrimp

While environmental stressors such as hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) are perceived as a threat to the productivity of coastal ecosystems, policy makers have little information about the economic consequences for fisheries. Prior studies based on data aggregated at relatively large spatial (e.g.,1000s km) and temporal (e.g., annual) scales have typically not detected statistically significant effects of hypoxia on fisheries. Whether this finding is due to the low statistical power associated with the use of aggregate data or the lack of realized effects on fisheries is an open question. Recent work uses disaggregated fishing data (microdata) and finds significant but modest effects of hypoxia on recreational catches. However, previous work ignores important aspects of how hypoxia effects harvest. In particular, the effects of hypoxia on catch may not occur instantaneously but instead may involve a substantial temporal lag in which catches reflect cumulative past exposure to low dissolved oxygen. We develop a bioeconomic model that accounts for potential lagged effects using fishery-dependent data from North Carolina’s brown shrimp fishery. We find that hypoxia is responsible for an 12.9% decrease in NC brown shrimp catches from 1999-2005 in the Neuse River Estuary and Pamlico Sound, assuming that vessels do not react to changes in abundance. We then explore the full economic consequences of hypoxia on the supply and demand for shrimp. Demand analysis reveals that the NC shrimp industry is too small to influence prices, which are driven entirely by imports and other domestic U.S. harvest. Thus, demand is flat and there are no measurable benefits to shrimp consumers from reduced hypoxia. On the supply side, we find that the shrimp fleet responds to variation in price, abundance, and weather. Hence, the supply curve has some elasticity. Producer benefits of reduced hypoxia are roughly a quarter of the computed gains from assuming no behavioral adjustment. Comparing to other ongoing research, our results suggest that the benefits from rationalization are likely to exceed the benefits from dramatic improvements in water quality.
Aircraft measurements of the power spectra of the horizontal wind field typically find a transition from ≈ k −

[1] Aircraft measurements of the power spectra of the horizontal wind field typically find a transition from ≈ k to ≈ k at scales somewhere around 40 km (k is a wave number). In the usual interpretation this represents a transition between an isotropic three‐dimensional (3‐D) (k) and an isotropic 2‐D (k) turbulence; we have recently argued that the turbulence is so highly anisotropic that it has different exponents in the horizontal and vertical. When coupled with gently sloping isobaric aircraft trajectories this predicts the break as a transition from a roughly horizontal spectrum at small scales to the spurious appearance of the vertical spectrum at large scales. If the atmosphere indeed has wide‐range horizontal scaling, then it is important to test out the multiplicative cascade models that predict its statistical behavior. In this paper, we do this by analyzing wind, temperature, pressure, and humidity data from the Winter Storm 2004 experiment using 24 aircraft legs, each 1120 km long and at 280 m resolution. We analyze both the turbulent fluxes and the fluctuations showing that in spite of the nonflat trajectories, there is good evidence of roughly planetary‐ scale multiplicative cascades. By carefully determining the scale‐by‐scale effects of intermittency on the aircraft altitude and measurements, we estimate the corresponding scaling exponents. We argue that our results should finally permit the emergence of a long‐ needed consensus about the basic scale‐by‐scale statistical properties of the atmosphere. They also point to the urgent need to develop anisotropic scaling models of turbulence.
The Data Analysis Dilemma: Ban or Abandon. A Review of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing.

Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) is reviewed in a historical context. The most vocal criticisms of NHST that have appeared in the literature over the past 50 years are outlined. The authors conclude, based on the criticism of NHST and the alternative methods that have been proposed, that viable alternatives to NHST are currently available. The use of effect magnitude measures with surrounding confidence intervals and indications of the reliability of the study are recommended for individual research studies. Advances in the use of meta-analytic techniques provide us with opportunities to advance cumulative knowledge, and all research should be aimed at this goal. The authors provide discussions and references to more information on effect magnitude measures, replication techniques and meta-analytic techniques. A brief situational assessment of the research landscape and strategies for change are offered.
Impact of Ownership, Competition, and Management Practices on Efficiency of Banking Sector

In the 1990s the financial sector of Pakistan underwent massive reforms. The primary aim of restructuring was to privatize state-owned institutions, abolish entry barriers for new players, and consequently increase the efficiency of the whole system. This study uses an unbalanced panel of 21 commercial banks listed at Pakistan stock exchange throughout 2000 to 2017 from “BankFocus” and “Bloomberg”. This research measures the effect of ownership, competition, and management practices on banks efficiency. The authors found a higher efficiency of private banks in comparison to state-owned counterparts. The empirical analysis suggests that an increase in foreign ownership and institutional ownership impact positively on all measures of efficiency. The relationship between competition and efficiency supports “competition-efficiency hypothesis” and proposes regulatory measures to regulate the market further. Additionally, banks with a higher standard of management practices tend to be more efficient. These findings imply that there is a need to regulate the bigger banks and ease the market entry for foreign and institutional owners, who brings superior managerial standards and hence efficiency.
Measurements of surface and near-surface residual stress in 4330 low alloy carbon steel weld clad components

Weld cladding of low alloy carbon steel generates compressive residual stress in the clad layer, in turn potentially improving resistance to fatigue failure, depending on the material used for cladding. The current paper summarises the results of investigations on the magnitude and distribution of residual stress in these weld clad components, undertaken using different techniques including X-ray diffraction, and incremental centre hole drilling based on both strain gauge rosettes and electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Results confirm the presence of tensile residual stress when cladding with Inconel 625 beyond the initial clad profile and compressive residual stress when cladding with 17-4 PH steel. The complementary nature of XRD and hole drilling techniques is highlighted with considerations regarding the weld clad profile and stress distribution with depth. Modelling of residual stress induced by weld cladding using a thermal transient analysis is presented. Simplification of the weld cladding process is shown to provide good correlation with experimentally measured residual stress. Complexities in modelling material behaviour and hence accurate prediction of residual stress are discussed. Chemical composition of the weld into the heat-affected zone and substrate is presented for both weld clad materials, highlighting the effects of alloying and diffusion on chemical composition. Given the complexities in obtaining accurate thermo-mechanical material properties required for modelling, and that residual stress profiles are measured to a limited depth into the clad layer, recommendations are made for the continuation of both experimental and simulation studies.
Bolsa Família (Family Grant) Programme: an analysis of Brazilian income transfer programme

Income transfer programmes are common in various countries and play an important role in combating poverty. This article presents a review of the results of the Bolsa Familia (Family Grant) Programme, implemented in Brazil by the government of Lula da Silva in 2004. Over the last seven years many evaluations of the programme have been conducted, allowing an overview of its results and its strong and weak points to be mapped. Five central aspects relating to the programme are discussed in article five: (1) programme access, (2) hunger fighting results, (3) programme financial impacts, (4) conditioning factors of education and health, (5) supplementary programs and social mobility. The results of scientific research were presented for each of these aspects, and any of these believed to be convergent or divergent were discussed. As a general result it was concluded that the programme has generated significant results for the country, but there are still some issues that need to be reviewed, such as conditioning factors and the integrated management of the programme.
Gender Comparison, Schooling and Sociability Ratings in Nigeria Evidence from Youth Survey in Ife Town

This study investigates factors that affect sociability ratings among youths between 10 to 30 years of age in Nigeria, using a survey carried out in Ife town. The results show that in- school females were likely to socialize more than out of school females. Schooling was found to be affecting youth sociability rating in general. There was also a noticeable level of reduced socialization among out of school youths as it was found that they were less likely to interact as much as in-school youths owing to their family backgrounds. The implication of the findings is that schooling does affect the level of social interaction among youths in general since youths out of school had some level of inferiority complex that prevented them from socializing with in-school youths.
Study of the Relationship between Organizational Learning and Empowerment Strategy for Staff Working at Education Administrations

This study was meant to research the relationship between organizational learning and empowerment strategy for staff working at education administrations of Golestan province that constitute the statistical population of the study. Using kristy-morgan table, a total number of 152 subjects were selected from among the population mentioned by random-hit the floor method. Descriptivecorrelative method has been used to complete the research. Standard questionnaire for organizational learning and empowerment by Neefe and Speritzer, respectively, was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between organizational learning and empowerment strategy for staff working at education administrations.
Rethinking the Australian lease decision making research agenda

This paper examines a number of accounting and financial factors influencing the lease versus borrow and buy decision, particularly with respect to finance leases. The accounting and finance literature reviewed provided a basis for identifying a range of rationales used in lease decision-making in practice. Based on this review, we characterise the lease versus borrow and buy decision as multi-dimensional and multifactorial. Basic trend analyses of archival, statistical data on leasing in Australia over sixteen financial years (1985-1986 to 2000-2001) was conducted and provided evidence that much of the conventional, theoretical wisdom concerning the factors important in lease versus borrow and buy decisions, particularly those related to accounting precepts and the tax regime, may be misleading. Thus, observed leasing evaluation practices are used as a means to subject the theoretical and empirical literature on leasing decisionmaking to new scrutiny. We conclude with suggestions for the development of improved lease or purchase decision frameworks and call for further research in the area that will be more capable of handling multi-dimensionality in lease decision-making. Practical application of this knowledge will improve the decisions of lessees, benefit lessors who provide finance and/or operating leases, and direct accounting policy makers.
Secondary Metabolite Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Mosquito Repellent Activity of Bixa orellana from Brazilian Amazon Region

The Brazilian flora was widely used as source of food and natural remedies to treat various diseases. Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae), also known as annatto, urucu, or achiote, is a symbol for the Amazonian tribes that traditionally use its seeds as coloured ink to paint their bodies for religious ceremonies. The aim of this study was to investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile of B. orellana fresh fruits (in vivo sampled), dried seeds, wood, bark, and leaves analyzed with Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A screening on phenolic content (the Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and antiradical activity (DPPH assay) of seeds was also conducted. In addition, the repellent properties of seed extracts against Aedes aegypti L. were investigated. Volatile compounds detected in B. orellana samples consisted mainly of sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, and arenes: α-humulene is the major volatile compound present in seed extracts followed by D-germacrene, γ-elemene, and caryophyllene. B. orellana proved to be a good source of antioxidants. Preliminary data on repellency against A. aegypti of three different dried seed extracts (hexane, ethanol, and ethanol/water) indicated a significant skin protection activity. A protection of 90% and 73% for hexane and ethanol/water extracts was recorded.
Challenges Fostering Unwillingness to Form Strategic Alliances among Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms in Tanzania

For many years, strategic alliances have attracted the attention of researchers. The most researched area is the challenges facing the development and maintenance of strategic alliances. Most studies on alliance challenges have concentrated on strategic alliances among large firms in developed economies. Little research has been done on the link between these challenges and firms’ unwillingness to form strategic alliances. We therefore want to find whether the unwillingness to form strategic alliances among Medium-Sized Enterprises (MEs) from the manufacturing industry in least developed economies like Tanzania are fostered by the prevailing challenges facing strategic alliances. This study examines the views of manufacturing MEs on whether the challenges associated with developing and maintaining strategic alliances discourage them to form strategic alliances. We have adopted both cross-sectional survey design and multistage probability sampling technique to allow the participation of 398 out of 485 CEOs from three zones of Tanzania through questionnaires. A multiple regression analysis reveals the influence of the challenges associated with both cultural incompatibility and risks on firms’ unwillingness to form strategic alliances. We recommend that manufacturing MEs in Tanzania must design an effective plan on how to mitigate these challenges before partner selection process begins instead of becoming reluctant to strategic alliance formation due to prevailing challenges.