Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exaggerated platelet reactivity in major depression.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether depressed patients exhibit exaggerated platelet reactivity. METHOD In vivo platelet activation, secretion, and dose-response aggregation were measured in 12 depressed patients and eight normal comparison subjects after overnight bed rest and following orthostatic challenge. RESULTS The depressed patients exhibited increased platelet activation at baseline, demonstrated by increased binding of monoclonal antibody (moAb) annexin V protein reacting with prothrombinase complex binding sites. Following orthostatic challenge, the depressed patients exhibited increases in binding of moAbs PAC1 and anti-LIBS1 against activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and GE12 against P-selectin expressed upon secretion. The normal comparison subjects exhibited increases in platelet activation only with GE12. CONCLUSIONS Depressed patients exhibit enhanced baseline platelet activation and responsiveness in comparison with normal subjects. Heightened susceptibility to platelet activation may be a mechanism by which depression is a significant risk factor for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease and/or mortality after myocardial infarction.
Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus

The miracle of antibiotic discovery has been threatened by the emergence of superbugs. One of those superbugs, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now responsible for more deaths per year in the United States than HIV. The added healthcare costs for fighting MRSA infections is in the billions of dollars per year worldwide. Plus, the danger of not having effective antimicrobial therapy available is imminent. This added threat by these organisms includes the emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), among other resistant strains (such as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus – VISA, and borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus – BORSA). The MRSA strains, especially, have a growing diversity in the structure of the genetic element that confers resistance; the Staphylococcal cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec), which carries the methicillin-resistance gene, mecA. These genetic elements also frequently carry resistance genes for other antimicrobials such as aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin) erythromycin and tetracycline. Certain strains of MRSA (hospital-acquired) are likely to carry antimicrobial resistance to additional drugs, including the fluoroquinolones.
Autonomous Control of Mobile Robots Using Logical Representation of Map and Inference of Location

We propose an action-decision method for autonomous mobile robots, in which a robot constructs a logical representation of a map of its surrounding environment from its perception and uses that map to determine a plan to logically reach its destination. We conducted an experiment in which a robot had a sub-goal to reach halfway to its destination and attempt to recognize that it has reached that sub-goal in order to proceed to the next goal. We first explain our experimental results then provide a discussion on these results and future work.
Modulation of long‐term potentiation by individual subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in the rat dentate gyrus

The roles of the muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs) in long‐term potentiation (LTP) at many areas of the central nervous system including the hippocampus, have been extensively studied. However, not much is known about the modulation of LTP through individual subtypes of mAChR (M1–M5 subtype). In this study, we investigated the involvement of each individual subtypes of mAChR in LTP induction by intrahippocampal administration of cholinergic ligands at the dentate gyrus (DG) of anesthetized rats. We found atropine, an antagonist of mAChRs, suppressed the induction of LTP. This observation confirmed that the muscarinic system is involved in LTP. We then examined the effects of M1AChR antagonists (pirenzepine and telenzepine), M2/4AChR antagonists (Methoctramine and {11‐[[2‐[(diethylamino)methyl]‐1‐piperidinyl]acetyl]‐5,11‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrido[2,3‐b][1,4]benzodiazepin‐6‐one}(AFDX‐116)), and M3/5AChR antagonist (4‐diphenylacetoxy‐N‐methylpiperidine methiodide (4‐DAMP)) on LTP. Our results showed that both M1AChR and M2/4AChR antagonists but not M3/5AChR antagonist suppressed the amplitude of LTP. We also examined the effects of these cholinergic ligands on basal synaptic transmission and found that only pirenzepine augmented the amplitude of population spike. This study suggests that individual mAChR subtypes play different modulation roles in LTP induction in the DG of rats. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autoantibodies against CD28 are associated with atopic diseases

The B7‐1/B7‐2‐CD28/CTLA‐4 pathway is crucial in regulating T cell activation and tolerance. Autoantibodies to surface molecules on lymphocytes have already been described in various immune conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, infections and blood transfusions. The objective of this study was to test sera from healthy individuals and from patients for association of CD28 autoantibodies with inflammatory and non‐inflammatory diseases. First, CD28 was obtained by digestion of CD28‐Ig fusion protein with trypsin. The cleavage products were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate–page gel electrophoresis. Additionally, a CD28/GST fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and was used to establish an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of autoantibodies against CD28. Sera from healthy individuals (n = 72) and patients with different inflammatory and non‐inflammatory skin diseases (n = 196) were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against CD28. Using mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), purified autoantibodies against CD28 were tested for their effects on CTLA‐4‐Ig‐induced T cell anergy. In this study, for the first time, we describe the existence of autoantibodies against CD28 in humans which are associated with atopic diseases, e.g. allergic rhinitis and asthma. These antibodies stimulate T cells and overcome the CTLA‐4‐Ig‐induced anergy of T cells in an MLR. The existence of autoantibodies against CD28, which may have a T cell‐stimulating function, has been shown. The data indicate that autoantibodies against CD28 could be a new immunological mechanism in allergic inflammation. Additionally, autoantibodies against CD28 could be an important new marker to discriminate between atopic diseases and other inflammatory skin diseases.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Android Malware

Static analysis relies on features extracted without executing code, while dynamic analysis extracts features based on execution (or emulation). In general, static analysis is more efficient, while dynamic analysis can be more informative, particularly in cases where the code is obfuscated. Static analysis of an Android application can, for example, rely on features extracted from the manifest file or the Java bytecode, while dynamic analysis of such applications might deal with features involving dynamic code loading and system calls. In this research, we apply machine learning techniques to analyze the relative effectiveness of particular static and dynamic features for detecting Android malware. We also carefully analyze the robustness of the scoring techniques under consideration.
A heterotrimeric death domain complex in Toll signaling

Signaling from the transmembrane receptor Toll to Rel-related transcription factors regulates dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo, as well as larval and adult immunity. To identify additional pathway components, we have used double-stranded RNA interference to investigate Drosophila counterparts of genes that regulate the mammalian Rel family member NF-κB. Experiments in cultured cells reveal that the fly orthologue of the adaptor protein MyD88 is essential for signal transduction from Toll to a second adaptor protein, Tube. By using coimmunoprecipitation studies, we find a heterotrimeric association of the death domains of MyD88, Tube, and the protein kinase Pelle. Site-directed mutational analyses of interaction sites defined by crystallographic studies demonstrate that Tube recruits MyD88 and Pelle into the heterotrimer by two distinct binding surfaces on the Tube death domain. Furthermore, functional assays confirm that the formation of this heterotrimer is critical for signal transduction by the Toll pathway.
On the demography of aging

This paper is concerned with the contributions of demography to gerontology or the demography of aging. The major interests of gerontological demographers and outstanding issues and problems are discussed in terms of the process of aging. Problems of definition of old age and aging are noted in terms of: 1) the lack of a universally acceptable definition of normal biological aging and 2) the variance of cultural definitions of old age. The demographer usually defines old age by age boundaries but recent advances have begun to define old age in terms of longevity e.g. the number of years until death. This concept has certain economic social legal and ethical implications. For instance a chronically ill person could claim the benefits of old-age legislation at a younger age than a healthy person. Demography of aging is grounded in the theory of growth and structure of population. Many studies have shown that in the aging of populations fertility is the determining factor not mortality. Contrary to popular belief the next several decades will see that the past record of births is expected to dominate the changes in the future numbers of elderly. Mortality declines will play a secondary role. Given current trends it is possible that the United States will see unprecedented high levels (17%) of elderly people. One of the most important facts and problems of the older years in industrialized countries is the large excess of women which leads to problems of isolation for many elderly women. Mortality and longevity are important in the demography of aging. Key issues are: 1) the analysis of factors in past declines in fertility rates 2) the possibilities and prospects of extending life expectancy and span 3) the problem of measuring socioeconomic differentials in mortality and 4) the possibilities of reducing group differences. Demographers continue to hold an interest in the differences in the variation between death rates and the variation between the life expectancy values. Demographers study the health status of the elderly the health care delivery system the allocation of resources for health care and the relation between morbidity and mortality. Geographic distribution and mobility of the elderly are also important to demographers. Gerontological demographers are particularly interested in measurement and analysis of the life cycle. They measure age period and cohort factors which affect the life cycle and construct multiple decrement tables which are useful to analyzing labor force participation migration expectancy and family formation and dissolution. One principal area in which demography and geronotology converge is in the study of marital composition and living arrangements of the elderly as well as the family cycle. Societal dependency measurements work experience and retirement prospects are also important areas of study.
Design and Realization of Pulsed Electronic Article Surveillance System

The realization method of pulsed electronic article surveillance system is provided. The transmitted signal model and the received signal model are set up. The important characters of the received signal are analyzed and the tag detection algorithm based on generalized likelihood ratio test is proposed. The simulation and the practical test prove the rightness and validity of the design and method.
FAT SUPPLEMENTATION ON REPRODUCTION OF BEEF CATTLE

Fat supplementation, before and after calving, is a good alternative to increase energy density of the diet. However, feeding supplemental fat has resulted in varied and inconsistent effects on the reproductive function of cattle. Furthermore, understanding how fat supplementation can influence the reproductive function has been a difficult process. Reproductive system and the fat supplementation sources are influenced by management conditions and forage quality.
Respiratory Influence on Skin Potential and Sweating

Summary The D-C potential at the surface of human skin has been measured in sweating and nonsweating subjects. In non-sweating skin a steady D-C potential was present which changed to a rapidly fluctuating pattern when the skin began to sweat actively. These fluctuating potentials occurred synchronously in the skin of both arms. The potential changes were independent of local hemodynamic events and could be abolished by atropine; which suggests they are a manifestation of sweat gland activity. An influence of breathing on skin potential and the rate of sweating was also found. In response to deep breathing, skin potential transiently became more positive while sweat output increased. These respiration-induced changes were not caused by a transient hypocapnia and could be observed only in skin that was already sweating actively.
Culture-dependent and -independent approaches establish the complexity of a PAH-degrading microbial consortium.

A microbial consortium (AM) obtained by sequential enrichment in liquid culture with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixture of three- and four-ringed PAHs as a sole source of carbon and energy was examined using a triple-approach method based on various cultivation strategies, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the screening of 16S and 18S rRNA gene clone libraries. Eleven different sequences by culture-dependent techniques and seven by both DGGE and clone libraries were obtained. The comparison of three variable regions (V3-V5) of the 16S rRNA gene between the sequences obtained yielded 19 different microbial components. Proteobacteria were the dominant group, representing 83% of the total, while the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (CFB) was 11% and the Ascomycota fungi 6%. Beta-proteobacteria were predominant in the DGGE and clone library methods, whereas they were a minority in culturable strains. The highest diversity and number of noncoincident sequences were achieved by the cultivation method that showed members of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria; CFB bacterial group; and Ascomycota fungi. Only six of the 11 strains isolated showed PAH-degrading capability. The bacterial strain (AMS7) and the fungal strain (AMF1), which were similar to Sphingomonas sp. and Fusarium sp. , respectively, achieved the greatest PAH depletion. The results indicate that polyphasic assessment is necessary for a proper understanding of the composition of a microbial consortium.
Research on Knowledge Service System in Open Innovation Environment

After discussing the literature of open innovation and the existing problems, the whole framework of knowledge service system in open innovation environment was proposed, and further, the system structure, related mechanism and Wiki-based collaborative ontology annotation (WCOA) technology of knowledge service system was analyzed. The intention was to provide a solution to enhance open innovation ability for enterprises.
LH responses of female naked mole-rats, Heterocephalus glaber, to single and multiple doses of exogenous GnRH.

To investigate possible differential pituitary secretion of LH in breeding and non-breeding female naked mole-rats, the LH responses to administration of exogenous GnRH were measured in 55 females from 20 captive colonies. Single doses of 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 micrograms GnRH produced a significant rise in plasma LH concentrations 20 min after s.c. injection in breeding and non-breeding females at all doses (P less than 0.001). While at the highest dose of 1.0 microgram there was no difference in the LH response between breeding and non-breeding females, as the dose was lowered there was a progressive decline in the LH response in non-breeding females such that, at the 0.1 microgram dose, GnRH produced only a small, but significant, increase in plasma LH (1.3 +/- 0.2 to 2.9 +/- 0.5 mi.u./ml, N = 5) compared with breeding females (3.4 +/- 0.8 to 9.6 +/- 2.0 mi.u./ml, N = 6). The LH responses of the latter were not significantly reduced at the lower doses of GnRH. The apparent lack of sensitivity to low doses of exogenous GnRH in non-breeding females was reversed by 4 consecutive 1-h injections of 0.1 microgram, which produced a rise in LH from 1.2 +/- 0.2 to 9.0 +/- 0.2 mi.u. /ml (N = 4), comparable to that of breeding females given a single injection of 0.1 microgram GnRH. These results suggest that the anterior pituitary in non-breeding female naked mole-rats is less sensitive to low doses of exogenous GnRH than in breeding females, possibly due to a lack of priming by endogenous GnRH. Therefore, the socially-induced block to ovulation in non-breeding female naked mole-rats may be due to inhibition of hypothalamic GnRH secretion.
Fault tolerant double tree multistage interconnection network

An attempt has been made to analyze the characteristics of a new class of irregular fault-tolerant multistage interconnection network known as the fault-tolerant double tree (FDOT) network. FDOTs can provide full access capability in the presence of multiple faults. It supports on-line repairability and is more cost-effective than other fault-tolerant multistage interconnection networks with similar fault-tolerant capability. Further, it provides better permutation capability than a DOT network of the same size, in the presence of any single fault. The number of favorite memory modules to which a processor can communicate with the shortest delay is increased compared to a DOT network of similar size. The general algorithm for computing the path lengths between a source-destination pair has been proposed. A simple distributed routing control algorithm has also been developed for setting a path. <<ETX>>
The effect of unilateral ovariectomy in the neonatal mouse on follicular development.

The remaining ovary of a 14-day-old mouse after unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) on day 2 showed the same number and stages of follicles as an ovary in an intact animal of the same age. No increase in the number of developing follicles nor development to more advanced stages occurred. Hemispaying in the neonatal period did not alter the number of follicles that started growth nor their speed of development in the subsequent 12 days. However, premature follicle fluid accumulation and a widening of the theca layer in early growing follicles were characteristically found in the remaining ovary. The failure of the remaining ovary to increase its complement of large follicles is probably due to the fact that those follicle stages (i.e. large follicles) which are able to react to stimulation by follicle-stimulating hormone in the prepubertal and adult ovary are as yet lacking in the early infant ovary. However, reaction to luteinizing hormone can already be expressed and is shown by premature follicle fluid accumulation and widening of the theca layer. The changes seen are interpreted as a reaction of the remaining ovary to a relative increase in an unchanged amount of available gonadotrophin rather than to a change in the pituitary\p=m-\gonadalfeedback mechanism.
Tonic release of glutamate by a DIDS‐sensitive mechanism in rat hippocampal slices

Tonic release of glutamate into the extracellular space of the hippocampus and striatum is non‐vesicular, and has been attributed largely to a cystine–glutamate exchanger which is blockable by the glutamate analogue (S)‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine (CPG). Tonic glutamate release may be functionally important: modulation of this release in the striatum has been suggested to underlie relapse in the use of cocaine. We monitored tonic glutamate release in area CA1 of hippocampal slices by measuring the glutamate receptor‐mediated current evoked in pyramidal cells on block of Na+‐dependent glutamate uptake with dl‐threo‐β‐benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA). Superfused cystine increased tonic glutamate release, and this increase was blocked by CPG, but CPG did not affect tonic glutamate release in the absence of superfused cystine. Tonic glutamate release was not affected by blocking gap junctional hemichannels with 18α‐glycyrrhetinic acid, blocking ATP receptors with pyridoxal‐phosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulphonic acid (PPADS), blocking Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis from neurones with Cd2+ or bafilomycin, blocking Ca2+‐dependent release from glia with indomethacin, or blocking anion channels with 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropyl amino) benzoic acid (NPPB) or tamoxifen. However tonic glutamate release was reduced by 4,4′‐diisothiocyanostilbene‐2,2′‐disulphonic acid (DIDS), and was potentiated by inhibiting astrocytic conversion of glutamate to glutamine with methionine sulfoximine. These data suggest that although cystine–glutamate exchange is present in the hippocampus it does not generate significant tonic release of glutamate when the extracellular [cystine] is at a physiological level, and that tonic glutamate release is at least partly from astrocytes and is mediated by a DIDS‐sensitive mechanism. Theoretical calculations suggest that a significant fraction of tonic glutamate release in hippocampal slices could occur via diffusion of glutamate across lipid membranes.
The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession

Combining case studies with scientific research, this book reveals a threat that is as serious as the beauty myth for women or anorexia nervosa for girls. Growing numbers of young men are taking the quest for perfect muscles, skin and hair too far, crossing the line from normal interest to abnormal obsession. The symptoms of this body obsession, excessive workouts, steroid abuse, eating disorders, and body and muscle dysmorphic disorder lead to problems with sex and intimacy, relationships and work. This book shows what men really think and feel about their bodies, so no-one need suffer alone.
The athletic heart syndrome.

In the process of training, the getting wind, as it is called, is largely a gradual increase in the capability of the heart. The large heart of athletes may be due to the prolonged use of their muscles, but no man becomes a great runner or oarsman who has not naturally a capable if not a large heart.1 THE heart of an athlete has certain functional and morphologic adaptations that distinguish it from other hearts. The capacity to perform vigorous physical activity depends on the integrated functioning of many systems. The cardiovascular system plays a pivotal part, since continuous muscular .
An Investigation of Techniques that Aim to Improve the Quality of Labels provided by the Crowd

The 2013 MediaEval Crowdsourcing task looked at the problem of working with noisy crowdsourced annotations of image data. The aim of the task was to investigate possible techniques for estimating the true labels of an image by using the set of noisy crowdsourced labels, and possibly any content and metadata from the image itself. For the runs in this paper, we’ve applied a shotgun approach and tried a number of existing techniques, which include generative probabilistic models and further crowdsourcing.