Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Use of some Petal Extracts against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

The aqueous petal-extracts of 20 plants were screened by agar diffusion methods for their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris , a causal organism of black rot of cabbage and cauliflower. X. campestris pv. campestris was found most sensitive to the petal extracts of Tagetes erecta and Chrysanthemum coronarium . Some of the other plants such as Acacia fernesiana, Anthocephalus cadamba , Bombax malabaricum , Lathyrus odoratus , Rosa damascena and Thevetia nerifolia also showed the inhibitory effect against the test bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/on.v9i1. 5739
Quantifying errors in surface ozone predictions associated with clouds over the CONUS: A WRF-Chem modeling study using satellite cloud retrievals

Abstract. Clouds play a key role in radiation and hence O 3 photochemistry by modulating photolysis rates and light-dependent emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). It is not well known, however, how much error in O 3 predictions can be directly attributed to error in cloud predictions. This study applies the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model at 12 km horizontal resolution with the Morrison microphysics and Grell 3-D cumulus parameterization to quantify uncertainties in summertime surface O 3 predictions associated with cloudiness over the contiguous United States (CONUS). All model simulations are driven by reanalysis of atmospheric data and reinitialized every 2 days. In sensitivity simulations, cloud fields used for photochemistry are corrected based on satellite cloud retrievals. The results show that WRF-Chem predicts about 55 % of clouds in the right locations and generally underpredicts cloud optical depths. These errors in cloud predictions can lead to up to 60 ppb of overestimation in hourly surface O 3 concentrations on some days. The average difference in summertime surface O 3 concentrations derived from the modeled clouds and satellite clouds ranges from 1 to 5 ppb for maximum daily 8 h average O 3 (MDA8 O 3) over the CONUS. This represents up to ∼ 40 % of the total MDA8 O 3 bias under cloudy conditions in the tested model version. Surface O 3 concentrations are sensitive to cloud errors mainly through the calculation of photolysis rates (for ∼ 80 %), and to a lesser extent to light-dependent BVOC emissions. The sensitivity of surface O 3 concentrations to satellite-based cloud corrections is about 2 times larger in VOC-limited than NO x -limited regimes. Our results suggest that the benefits of accurate predictions of cloudiness would be significant in VOC-limited regions, which are typical of urban areas.
Technical Aspect in Islamic and Conventional Banking Comparison: Evidence from Malaysia

The objective of this study is to evaluate the technology difference between Islamic and conventional banks. To make an appropriate comparative study of Islamic and conventional banks performance, we use an unbalanced panel data of both Malaysian Islamic and conventional banks that spans the period from 1996 to 2010. The results show that there is some difference in the technical aspects of Islamic and conventional banks. In addition, domestic Islamic subsidiary banks use different technology from full-fledged Islamic banks and conventional banks.
Chinese Spam Filter under Adversarial Impact

Machining learning techniques have achieved great success in anti-spam area. But because of the limitations of these techniques, classifiers derived from them often get attacked by spam senders thus posing a threat to the whole Spam filtering system. This article briefly describes the type of attacks to classifiers and then simulates an attack on a public Chinese spam corpus to analyze the adversarial impact of several major classifiers.
Analysis of the causal relationships in the balanced scorecard in public and private Spanish Universities through structural equation modelling

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the strategic models created for the public and private Spanish universities and create a new methodology or strategic management tool based on the integration of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) and the Balance Scorecard (BSC). Design/methodology/approach: To examine the hypothesized model of the study, a survey questionnaire was created and sent to all the scope of Spanish universities. Using the data collected, the research was carried out using the SmartPLS software (partial least square path modelling) to analyse the proposed model. Findings: Results indicate that one-dimensional models were the most suitable to explain the behaviour of public centres, whereas multifactorial models matched perfectly with private centres. Moreover, we considered that, under the model of public centres, most of the attitude in the general University Community could be explained with reliabilities and consistencies as a bonding element in both public and private centres. Research limitations/implications: Due to the scarce total number of universities in Spain, 56, and their respective colleges, the sample size in the research was limited. Practical implications (if applicable): This study suggests that customer participation can be a win-win situation for employees and the organisation. Employees who create relational value with their customers effectively enjoy their jobs more and are more likely to build and maintain long-term relationships with their organisation. Originality/value (mandatory): The findings highlighted the roles of the customer and the employee and indicated the heuristic value of viewing job satisfaction and organizational commitment as consequences of customer participation. This study is considered one of the very few empirical studies that examine the effect of the Employer Organisation (EO) on the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and the mediating effect of ERP on the EO-performance relationship.
Okun’s law in the Spanish regions.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse Okun’s law for Spain and its seventeen regions over the period 1980-2004. Based on its “gap” specification and using two different detrending techniques, the results show that an inverse relationship between unemployment and output holds for most of the Spanish regions and for the whole country. However, the quantitative values of Okun’s coefficients for these regions are quite different. In addition, the coefficients for each region varied across the two detrending techniques. Even so, these coefficients are lower than those initially estimated by Okun and others. Citation: Villaverde, José and Adolfo Maza, (2007) "Okun’s law in the Spanish regions. " Economics Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 5 pp. 1-11 Submitted: June 12, 2007. Accepted: August 20, 2007. URL: http://economicsbulletin.vanderbilt. edu/2007/volume18/EB-07R10005A.pdf
Demonstration of Serological Relationships among Isolates of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus by Using Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies

Summary Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) were established. Two monoclonal antibody preparations were generated against the MAV isolate, one against RPV and six against P-PAV. None of the monoclonal antibody preparations reacted with healthy host components. Reactions of monoclonal antibodies, or unlabelled polyclonal antisera, in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that all three virus isolates share a common epitope. BYDV particles dissociated when incubated in carbonate-bicarbonate coating buffer at pH 9.6 but could be stabilized by prior dialysis against 2% formaldehyde or 2% glutaraldehyde. In indirect ELISA, unlabelled polyclonal antisera bound to both stabilized and dissociated particles of homologous and heterologous BYDV isolates. However, conjugated polyclonal antisera were incapable of binding to dissociated particles or to stabilized particles of heterologous isolates. Experiments with monoclonal antibodies in a competition ELISA indicated the presence of at least two epitopes on the coat protein of P-PAV.
When Does FDI Reduce Emigration from Central and Eastern European Countries

This paper investigates the relationship between emigration flows and foreign direct investments (FDI) in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC). This link is addressed through the following questions: are outgoing labour force and incoming foreign direct investments in those countries complements or substitutes and how does the human capital situation in the country change the effect FDI has on emigration? For the empirical analysis, data from eight CEE countries for the period of 1998-2010 was employed. The estimation results revealed that FDI and the level of educational attainment in the country work as push factors of emigration; however, when interacting, they discourage people from leaving. This suggests that only simultaneous programs should be implemented in the improvement of the educational quality and in the attraction of foreign investors in order to reduce excessive emigration from CEECs.
Measuring wind gradients in agroforestry systems by shaded piche evaporimeters. I. validation of the square-root dependence on wind speed

There is a general need for cheap and simple but physically well understood equipment for multi-point field use in quantifying and understanding the tropical agricultural environment. Performance of shaded Piche evaporimeters in agroforest environments was investigated. Piche atmometers shielded at the upper side from solar radiation closely followed a model of square root of wind speed dependence of their evaporation, provided that its sensitivity to temperature and humidity variations and to differences in turbulence is borne in mind. During periods when gradients of air temperature and air humidily are small, data sets for at least several hours are recommended at sites with very low wind speeds. Length of measuring periods is not a limitation at sites and times with high wind speeds, when wind speed ranges are not too small.
Early Eocene shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes) from the Tingamarra Local Fauna, Murgon, Queensland, Australia

The Early Eocene Tingamarra Local Fauna, from near Murgon, Boat Mountain, southeastern Queensland, has produced an array of important vertebrate fossils, including two, possibly three, taxa of non­ passerine birds. The fossils described here are comparable with what have been termed the 'transitional' Charadriiformes, for which the 'form family' Graculavidae has been recognized. The post-cranial skeletal morphology of these birds is shared by early members of the Anseriformes, causing uncertainty over the correct ordinal allocation of taxa in the absence of the distinctive anseriform skull. As a conservative approach, the Murgon specimens are allocated to the Graculavidae in the Charadriiformes, pending the discovery of informative cranial elements. Because both the Graculavidae and early anseriforms are largely restricted to the period of the Late Cretaceous through Early Eocene, the occurrence of these fossils at Murgon is consistent with the date obtained from radiometric and other faunistic sources.
Unidades didácticas en química: una herramienta motivadora para el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje del concepto mezclas y disoluciones

El presente trabajo esta orientado al diseno e implementacion de una unidad didactica para facilitar la apropiacion del concepto de mezclas y disoluciones quimicas, en estudiantes del grado decimo de la Institucion Educativa San Antonio del Pescado. Para ello, se ha partido de las ideas previas que poseen los estudiantes, recolectadas a traves del instrumento exploratorio, el desarrollo historico epistemologico y los obstaculos epistemologicos que presentan los estudiantes relacionados con dichos conceptos. La secuencia de actividades, fue elaborada y organizada segun lo propuesto por Jorba y Sanmarti [1], como estrategia para inducir al cambio conceptual y aplicacion de los aprendizajes en la cotidianidad.
Estimation of Road Traffic Congestion using GPS Data

: Road traffic congestion is headache major problem in urban area of both developing and developed countries. In order to reduce this problem, traffic congestion states of road networks are estimated so that congested road can be avoided. In this paper, we estimate the real time traffic congestion states of user’s desired source and destination and present the estimated results in Google Map. We use Hidden Markov model (HMM) for estimating the traffic condition states of these road network using both historical and real time data. To get these traffic data we use GPS trajectories data collected from mobile phones on vehicles. We evaluate our estimating system using dataset generated by collect data from phone-equipped vehicles over a period of 4 months in Yangon.
SERIES 1999-01-2246 Overview of Engine Combustion Research at Sandia National Laboratories

The objectives of this paper are to describe the ongoing projects in diesel engine combustion research at Sandia National Laboratories’ Combustion Research Facility and to detail recent experimental results. The approach we are employing is to assemble experimental hardware that mimic realistic engine geometries while enabling optical access. For example, we are using multi-cylinder engine heads or one-cylinder versions of production heads mated to one-cylinder engine blocks. Optical access is then obtained through a periscope in an exhaust valve, quartz windows in the piston crown, windows in spacer plates just below the head, or quartz cylinder liners. We have three diesel engine experiments supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies: a one-cylinder version of a Cummins heavy-duty engine, a diesel simulation facility, and a onecylinder Caterpillar engine to evaluate combustion of alternative diesel fuels.
Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages in the Gulf of California: Roles of Upwelling and Flow from the Colorado River

We measured apparent radiocarbon ages of live-collected, pre-bomb mollusk shells from the northern and central Gulf of California to determine the source of the reservoir ages and the reservoir age correction offsets for calibrating 14C dates of fossil samples. Reservoir ages average 860 yr in the northern Gulf and 725 yr in the central Gulf. The corresponding ∆R values (the deviation from typical worldwide values) are 540 yr and 395 yr, respectively, with variabilities (SD) of 90 and 110 yr. This variability significantly limits the precision of calibrated 14C ages. The apparent 14C age of Colorado River water (as measured in a freshwater mussel, collected in the 1890s, before diversion of river flow) is not sufficiently high (1420 yr) to account for the high reservoir ages in the Gulf. The lack of a relation between the stable isotope composition of Gulf mollusks and their reservoir ages is further evidence that the Colorado River does not make a significant contribution to Gulf reservoir ages. Upwelling of old, deep Pacific-derived water appears to be the cause of the large reservoir ages.
Theoretical empirical insights about the increasing role of environmental management systems (EMS) in Hungary

Mainstream economics usually delineates economic success as the only criteria for measuring business performance. The concept we intend to analyse in our study defines environmental and social performance – besides the economic one – also as indexes of organizational success. Environmental and social aspects, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental management systems (EMS) recently play a more and more important role in the western societies. Their role in the Hungarian business sphere has also been growing continuously since the regime change at the end of the 80’s. This process is strengthened by two other factors: Hungary’s EU accession and the Germany-oriented Hungarian economy. Recognizing this process, the purpose of this paper is to give an overall picture of the present state of environmental-conscious company management in Hungary, based on our own preliminary research and on the results of former Hungarian researches.
The Domain of Pitch in Music

The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the physical and psycho-physiological mechanisms that contribute to transformation of the unidimensional sensation pitch into the important medium where most significant elements of music-communication code could develop. It is argued that pitch in music should not be regarded as a simple, unidimensional sensation, but it should be seen as a complex auditory system (PITCH DOMAIN) of four sensations, two in the subdomain of PITCH VALUE (natural pitch and categorized pitch or a system of pitch classes) and two in the subdomain PITCH DISTANCE (natural pitch distance and a system of musical intervals). In such a multidimensional structure pitch is particularly suited to overcoming the limitations of memory. Another part of analysis concerns the role of short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) operating in relation with various forms of pitch. In particular, an important role of STM for natural pitch is emphasized, in maintaining the stability and coherence of any musical performance. In the remaining parts of this paper the analysis concerns specific forms of the auditory memory that contribute to the sensation of pitch distance, and problems of psychological scaling of pitch.
The Relationship between Management Accounting Practices and Performance of the Small and Medium Enterprises in Libya: A Proposed Conceptual Framework

Economists acknowledge that the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are one of the major contributors to the social and economic development. These enterprises are the principal driver of economy and growth in the majority of the developing countries. They are the principal absorber of the labor and a true driver of the investment, competition, and economic growth. The SME sector contributes to economic advancement by virtue of its role in generation of wealth; creation of job opportunities, and reduction of poverty. This paper suggests conceptual framework for investigation of the role of the management accounting practices (budgeting, costing, performance evaluation, decision support, and strategic planning) on the levels of performance of the SMEs by using a sample of the manufacturing companies in Libya. Previous studies provide evidence supporting that the management accounting practices (MAPs), which include financial and non-financial information, constitute one of the most important management information systems (MISs) that should be utilized by the SMEs. This study maintains that the MAPs are important for the SMEs in order to survive and continue their businesses. Keywords : small and medium enterprises, management accounting practices, Libya
Overcoming Kinematic Singularities with the Filtered Inverse Approach

Abstract In this work, we propose a solution to the inverse kinematics problem based on the differential kinematics and on a recently proposed algorithm which estimates the inverse of the Jacobian matrix dynamically. The output of the algorithm can be interpreted as a filtered inverse (FI) of the Jacobian matrix. An interesting property of the FI algorithm is its ability to cope with kinematic singularities. The update law of the estimator is driven by error signals that consider both the left and the right inverse matrices, thus enabling trajectory tracking and minimization of the control effort simultaneously. This paper shows that the FI algorithm can be applied to a Jacobian matrix augmented with additional constraints, which allows for setting the priority or weight to different control objectives, such as obstacle avoidance. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed solution.
Signature ranks of units in cyclotomic extensions of abelian number fields

We prove the rank of the group of signatures of the circular units (hence also the full group of units) of ${\mathbb Q}( \zeta_m)^+$ tends to infinity with $m$. We also show the signature rank of the units differs from its maximum possible value by a bounded amount for all the real subfields of the composite of an abelian field with finitely many odd prime-power cyclotomic towers. In particular, for any prime $p$ the signature rank of the units of ${\mathbb Q}( \zeta_{p^n})^+$ differs from $\varphi(p^n)/2$ by an amount that is bounded independent of $n$. Finally, we show conditionally that for general cyclotomic fields the unit signature rank can differ from its maximum possible value by an arbitrarily large amount.
Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs113488022 of BRAF and Endometriosis in Iranian Population

Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disorder that has malignant-like characteristics such as invasion, and it can cause malignancy and cancer in advanced stages. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors play significant roles in the establishment and maintenance of endometriosis. Studies have demonstrated that proto-oncogenes may be an important regulator of cell proliferation in endometriotic tissue. B-Raf is a proto-oncogene, which participates in the MAP kinase/ERK signaling pathway and plays an important role in different types of cancers and disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of BRAF gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs113488022, with the risk of endometriosis in Iranian women, in order to identify a potential biomarker for the early non-invasive detection of endometriosis and endometriosis-related cancers. In a population based case-control study conducted in Tehran, in-person interviews were completed for 65 women aged 15– 49 years and an equal number of controls frequency-matched to cases by age. All cases were newly diagnosed with endometriosis and all controls were with no laparoscopic evidence of disease. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes and subsequently the rs113488022 SNP of the BRAF gene was genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system- polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. In comparison of case and control groups, no significant differences were found in genotype and allele frequencies. Moreover, the results showed that there was no significant association between the presence of risk allele (A) and increased risk of endometriosis (Odds ratio=0.781, 95% CI: 0.480 -1.272, P=0.321). In conclusion, there was no evidence of an association between the rs113488022 SNP of the BRAF gene, and overall risk of endometriosis in Iranian population. Larger studies with different ethnics are needed to validate our findings.
Pizzas, pizzen, pizze: frequency, iconicity, cue validity, and productivity in the plural acquisition of German preschoolers

Some factors which influence the choice of plural markers in German are discussed: frequency of nouns and plural allomorphs, iconicity, cue validity, productivity, and gender specific distribution of plural allomorphs. The evidence comes from studies on a language screening conducted in the state of Hesse in Germany in 2007-2010 with three-, four-, and five-year-old monolingual and multilingual children.