Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF ROSMARINIC ACID IN ECHIUM AMOENUM FISCH. AND C.A. MEY. CELL CULTURES

Echium amoenum Fisch. and C.A. Mey. (Boraginaceae) is a very popular medicinal plant which is used as a tonic, tranquillizer, diaphoretic, cough remedy, sore throat and pneumonia in Iran’s traditional medicine. Callus culture of medicinal plants is one of the ways for production of secondary metabolites. In this study, callus culture of E. amoenum and its major secondary metabolite were investigated. The callus culture of E. amoenum was initiated and established from seeds in MS media with three different ratios of plant growth regulatories: kinetin, 2,4-D and NAA. Methanolic extracts of freeze-dried calluses were compared by TLC and HPLC. The major secondary metabolite was separated by preparative HPLC and the structure of this pure compound was elucidated by UV, IR, one and two dimensional 1 H and 13 C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Rosmarinic acid was identified by various spectroscopic methods from callus culture of E. amoenum. Rosmarinic acid is widespread within the plant cell tissue culture of the Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae families, although in insignificant quantities. Rosmarinic acid has an antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effect, which makes it a valuable product for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Pharmer -- Towards Semantic Medical Prescriptions

The recent proliferation of Linked Open Data that enables the integration of multiple disparate data sources brings into the spotlight a new generation of knowledge management applications. Particularly in the domain of pharmaceutical research and development, many efforts have been done to create a linked open drug data. In this paper we present the Pharmer as an approach to facilitate the creation of semantic prescriptions. Semantic prescriptions are intelligent e-prescription documents enriched by drug-related meta-data thereby know about their content and the possible interactions. In an e-health system, semantic prescriptions provide an interoperable interface which helps patients, physicians, pharmacists, researchers and companies to collaboratively improve the quality of pharmaceutical services by facilitating the process of shared decision making. Pharmer provides different views for the different personas involved in the process of e-prescribing. It employs datasets such as DBpedia, DrugBank, DailyMed and RxNorm to automatically detect the drugs in the prescription and to collect multidimensional data on them. Eventually it warns of the possible drug interactions in the prescription. We evaluate the feasibility of the Pharmer by conducting a usability evaluation and report on the quantitative and qualitative results of our survey. Keywords-Semantic prescription; e-prescription; semantic annotation; e-health;
WHY HUMANS CAN COUNT LARGE QUANTITIES ACCURATELY

In Western culture, we effortlessly use numerical concepts and symbols in our everyday lives – especially the positive integers. These convey a notion of preciseness and objectivity, and we readily assume that almost everything can be expressed as a numerical value. For instance, intelligence is ‘measured’ using IQ-scores, and popular magazines frequently provide tests to quantify your happiness or sex-appeal in a scale from, say, 1 to 20. Enumeration is so much part of our daily life, that we tend to take the sophisticated symbolic skills and numerical competence that underlie this capacity for granted. Here I would like to address some questions about the cognitive basis for our ability to count and quantify almost anything. In other words, what cognitive skills are necessary for counting? First, I will give some examples of counting in other animal species. Next, I will discuss how counting develops in human infants and children. Subsequently, I will ask what makes human counting unique, and how this ability could have evolved. Finally, I will discuss its implications for the philosophy of mathematics. I will draw on cognitive archaeological research to provide an answer to the questions when did human counting arise, and how can it be explained as a biological adaptation.
A Simplified Improvement on the Design of QO-STBC Based on Hadamard Matrices

In this paper, a simplified approach for implementing QO-STBC is proposed and evaluated with improved performance. It is based on the Hadamard matrix, in which the scheme exploits the Hadamard matrix property to attain full diversity. Hadamard matrix has the characteristic that diagonalizes a quasi-cyclic matrix and consequently, a decoding matrix so that a diagonal matrix which permits linear decoding is achieved. Using quasicyclic matrices in designing QO-STBC systems requires that the codes should be rotated to reasonably separate one code from another such that error floor in the design can be minimized. It will be shown that, orthogonalizing the secondary codes and then imposing the Hadamard criteria of the scheme can be well diagonalized. The results of this simplified approach demonstrate full diversity and better performance than the interference-free QO-STBC. Results show about 4 dB gain with respect to the interference-free QO-STBC scheme and it performs alike with the earlier Hadamard based QO-STBC designed with rotation. These results achieve the consequent mathematical proposition of the Hadamard matrix and its property is also shown in this study.
The Macroeconomic Impact of Legal Uncertainties

In the light of the recent financial crisis, many regulatory measures have been introduced or implemented as a response to laxest rules being implemented before the crisis. However one of the main questions is whether more regulatory apparatuses are needed or whether the quality of regulation should increase. I tried answering this question through the lens of a macro-finance framework, which also takes into account the passive observed behavior of spread, slow recovery both in output and credit and procylicality of leverage, as observed facts during the financial crisis. I argue that the low quality of regulation and the possibility of legal negotiation over financial misconducts, create an environment in which the value of intermediaries finds a co-movement with their misdeeds. Within such an environment, an adverse financial shock of the same magnitude and volatility could generate different recoveries in output and credit. Regulators should increase the quality of regulation to dampen the impact of the adverse financial shock. More regulation and weakly implementing them may not address the co-movement problem adequately.
Emerging Role of Tumor-associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma Multiforme

The most common types of primary brain tumors in adults are gliomas. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most highly aggressive type of glioma. GBM contains various numbers of cells with characteristics of activated or dysmorphic macrophages/microglia. Among them, some cell types provide significant support for tumor growth, while others are able to inhibit tumor progression. These cells are generally considered part of the tumor stroma and are often described as TAMs (tumourassociated macrophages). The presence of TAMs has been linked to increased tumor grade and poor clinical outcome in GBM, suggesting that depletion or inhibition of these cells may suppress tumor growth. A better understanding of tumor microenvironment in the brain would therefore be expected to contribute to the development of improved therapies for brain tumors that are urgently required due to a poor availability of treatments for these malignancies. This review summarizes some of the known interactions between brain tumors and different stromal cells, and also discusses potential therapeutic approaches within this context.
USEFUL WASTE HEAT OF VENTILATED PV-MODULES: PHYSICAL MODELLING AND VALIDATION RESULTS

The "PV/T-Slate" is a recently developed ventilated photovoltaic slate for integration into roofs or facades. As side effect of the cell cooling the heated air can be used. Therefore it is useful to simulate air volume rate and temperature. To further investigate the practical use of the gained heat in any housing technology, it is of big advantage, when this happens in an existing building simulation code. This paper presents a physical model for the PV/TSlate in the "Neutral Modelling Format" NMF and its validation. The building simulation program IDA ICE ("Indoor Climate and Energy", see EQUA 2002) allows to integrate this component model into a model for the whole building.
Fluence rate effects in human glioma spheroids: implications for photodynamic therapy of brain tumors

The effects of fluence rate are investigated in human glioma spheroids incubated in 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). It is shown that the response of glioma spheroids to ALA-mediated PDT depends strongly on the rate at which the light dose is delivered. At low doses, lower fluence rates are more effective. For example, at a dose of 50 JIcm2, near total spheroid kill is observed at fluence rates of as low as 1 0 mW/cm2. Below 1 0 mW/cm2, however, treatments are not as effective. The fluence rate effect is not as pronounced at higher doses where a favorable response is observed throughout the range of fluence rates investigated. The clinical implications ofthese findings are discussed.
Tilburg University Weak exogeneity in misspecified sequential models

In a formal statistical framework we exemine the consequences of misspecifying sequential econometric models for their weak exogeneity properties. Modelling is viewed as a reduction sequence and the Bayesian paradigm is adopted. The central aim is inference on certain parameters of interest, which, in practice, almost invariably relíes on some weak exogeneity assumption. Sufficient conditions for the preservation of week exogeneity despite apecification errors are given, and several exemples illustrate these findings. We conclude that some types of misspecification are much more dangerous than others, and we advocate attentive dynamic modelling. Acknowledgements: Stimulating discussions with Jacek Osiewalski and Gary Koop proved very clarifying. Needless to say, all errors are my own. Part of this work was completed at the Institute of Statistics and Decision Sciences, Duke University, and their hospitality as well as a travel grent from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) are gratefully acknowledged. The author is supported by a research fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). ' Department of Econometrics, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153. 5~ LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.
A New Energy Management Technique for PV/Wind/Grid Renewable Energy System

An intelligent energy management system (IEMS) for maintaining the energy sustainability in renewable energy systems (RES) is introduced here. It consists of wind and photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are established and used to test the proposed IEMS. Since the wind and solar sources are not reliable in terms of sustainability and power quality, a management system is required for supplying the load power demand. The power generated by RES is collected on a common DC bus as a renewable green power pool to be used for supplying power to loads. The renewable DC power bus is operated in a way that there is always a base power available for permanent loads. Then the additional power requirement is supplied from either wind or PV or both depending upon the availability of these power sources. The decision about operating these systems is given by an IEMS with fuzzy logic decision maker proposed in this study. Using the generated and required power information from the wind/PV and load sides, the fuzzy reasoning based IEMS determines the amount of power to be supplied from each or both sources. Besides, the IEMS tracks the maximum power operating point of the wind energy system.
The Evolution of Sustainability in a Global Firm and Its Supply Chain

Firms typically go through an evolutionary process in development of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. This paper traces the development of CSR initiatives and the incorporation of sustainability into the corporate culture and business model of a large global firm in the electronics industry. The process at this firm involves several distinct stages and extends over a period of more than ten years. The organizational and managerial factors facilitating the broadening and deepening of CSR penetration and the institutional barriers encountered are discussed. The importance of fitting CSR initiatives to a companyi¯s core competencies is evident at this firm where their most successful programs, in both a business and societal benefits sense, have used the firmi¯s networking expertise to provide communication services and training in both developing and developed countries. At its current stage of evolution, CSR at the firm has achieved penetration into most functional areas and is a decision criterion for many operational and strategic decisions. The firm is currently extending its sustainability efforts to its supply chain partners across the globe collaborating with them to improve their performance and build their capabilities in CSR. However, the expansion into the supply chain has not been without its hurdles. The companyi¯s sustainability programs are discussed in the context of the theoretical and empirical literature on CSR. Implications for other firms undergoing a similar evolutionary process are highlighted. The next stage in this firmi¯s evolutionary process of expanding CSR into its global supply chains is discussed in the terms of its potential and challenges.
Lancaster University Management School Working Paper 2015 : 3 Forecasting with Temporal Hierarchies

This paper introduces the concept of Temporal Hierarchies for time series forecasting. A temporal hierarchy can be constructed for any time series by means of non-overlapping temporal aggregation. Predictions constructed at all aggregation levels are combined with the proposed framework to result in temporally reconciled, accurate and robust forecasts. The implied combination mitigates modelling uncertainty, while the reconciled nature of the forecasts results in a unified prediction that supports aligned decisions at different planning horizons: from shortterm operational up to long-term strategic planning. The proposed methodology is independent of forecasting models. It can embed high level managerial forecasts that incorporate complex and unstructured information with lower level statistical forecasts. Our results show that forecasting with temporal hierarchies increases accuracy over conventional forecasting, particularly under increased modelling uncertainty. We discuss organisational implications of the temporally reconciled forecasts using a case study of Accident & Emergency departments.
Analysis of total phenolics and antioxidant activity in seed extracts of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) genotype.

Antioxidants present in herbs and spices could be an effective tool to prevent the non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes and myocardial infarction as they have the capacity to stabilize the free radicals, the causative factors of these diseases. This study aims evaluate coriander genotypes for total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant content of selected coriander genotypes. The genotype JCO-342 recorded highest total phenol content (86.09, 85.86 and 85.98 mg GAE g) during first and second year and in pooled analysis respectively. With respect to flavonoid content the genotype VD-60 showed 81.49, 81.64 and 81.57 mg QE g seed during both the year and in pooled analysis respectively. The genotype VDV/GL-43 recorded highest antioxidant content (30.61, 30.64 and 30.62 DPPH scavenging %) during both the year and in pooled analysis which was at par with the genotypes UD-95 and JCR-975. The results of this study depict that enough variability for these phytochemicals exists among selected coriander genotypes which can be explored for trait specific breeding programme of coriander.
Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy after Off-Pump Coronary Surgery

Background: Recently, off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCABG) grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass has become a less stressful surgical procedure for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Many reports have discussed the risk factors involved associated with on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, only a few papers have evaluated the risk factors for AKI requiring CRRT after OPCABG. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for AKI requiring CRRT after OPCAB. Methods: An observational study of 237 consecutive non dialysis patients who underwent isolated CABG using OPCABG was conducted from September 2010 to June 2012. AKI was defined as proposed by the Acute Kidney Injury Network. Variables with P<0.05 in bivariate analysis collected from pre-, intra- and postoperative data were tested in the multivariate and proportional hazards regression analyses for risk factors of AKI requiring CRRT after OPCABG. Results: Among 237 subjects, 33 patients needed CRRT due to AKI. The risk factors that were independently associated with AKI requiring CRRT were: pre-estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2), pre-serum albumin level (less than 3.5 g/dl), pre-hemoglobin level (less than 12g/dL), intra-urine volume (less than 600 mL), use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and post-PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) (less than 300). Conclusion: In conclusion, it is possible that the risk of developing AKI requiring CRRT after OPCABG depended on the levels of GFR, serum albumin and hemoglobin before surgery, on the levels of urine volume and use of IABP during surgery and the levels of P/F after surgery
Predicting 30-day hospital readmissions using artificial neural networks with medical code embedding

Reducing unplanned readmissions is a major focus of current hospital quality efforts. In order to avoid unfair penalization, administrators and policymakers use prediction models to adjust for the performance of hospitals from healthcare claims data. Regression-based models are a commonly utilized method for such risk-standardization across hospitals; however, these models often suffer in accuracy. In this study we, compare four prediction models for unplanned patient readmission for patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive health failure (HF), and pneumonia (PNA) within the Nationwide Readmissions Database in 2014. We evaluated hierarchical logistic regression and compared its performance with gradient boosting and two models that utilize artificial neural network. We show that unsupervised Global Vector for Word Representations embedding representations of administrative claims data combined with artificial neural network classification models significantly improves prediction of 30-day readmission. Our best models increased the AUC for prediction of 30-day readmissions from 0.68 to 0.72 for AMI, 0.60 to 0.64 for HF, and 0.63 to 0.68 for PNA compared to hierarchical logistic regression. Furthermore, risk-standardized hospital readmission rates calculated from our artificial neural network model that employed embeddings led to reclassification of approximately 10% of hospitals across categories of hospital performance. This finding suggests that prediction models that incorporate new methods classify hospitals differently than traditional regression-based approaches and that their role in assessing hospital performance warrants further investigation.
Seed germination and seedling growth as influenced by seed treatment in sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina Benth.)

The experiment was conducted at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi from October to December, 2016 to know the effect of seed treatment on germination and seedling growth in sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina Benth.). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications and seven treatments viz., Water soaking, GA3 (1000 mg l), H2SO4, KNO3 (1%) + HNO3 (1%), Cow urine, Cow dung slurry treatment and control. Among these, GA3 treatment showed the significant effects for seed germination and seedling parameters. Overnight soaking in GA3 resulted in highest speed of germination (2.47), germination percentage (54.67 %), length of seedling (19.61 cm) and vigour index (1072.31). The control (no seed treatment) showed the lowest speed of germination (0.30), germination percentage (14.33 %) and vigour index (199.38). The length of seedling was lowest in cow urine treatment (13.56 cm).
Bioerosion in ancient and contemporary corals of the genus Pontes: patterns and palaeoenvironmental implications

Fossil and modern colonies of Porites corals were collected from recent and ancient reefs in different localities along the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea. Coral slabs were examined qualitatively and quantitatively for traces of bioeroding organisms. Burrows found in the fossil corals were remarkably preserved, enabling comparison with modern burrows. The most important borers were worms (sipunculids and polychaetes; 35 to 47 %), while sponges showed relatively low bioerosion activity (10 to 32 %). Total bioeroded area in the slabs was similar for both recent and fossil Porites (ca 3 %). However, the number of eroding individuals was significantly higher in fossil corals (p < 0.05). It is suggested that a higher number of eroding individuals in fossil corals may indicate elevated levels of primary productivity in the Red Sea during periods of the late Quaternary.
Analysis and Design of Cavity-Backed Probe-Fed Hybrid Microstrip Antennas on FR 4 Substrate

A novel cavity-backed probe-fed linearly polarized microstrip antenna based on the concept of hybrid radiators is proposed and implemented. The resulting flush-mounted antenna exhibits symmetrical bandwidth, low cross-polarization radiation in the Hplane, due to its hybrid patch, and low cost, since it can be built on a FR4 laminate. Substrate integrated waveguide technology is used in the fabrication of the metallic cavity. The effect of mutual coupling is analyzed for two classical arrangements: the side-byside and the collinear configurations.
RFMagnetron Sputtering AluminumOxide Film for Surface Passivation on Crystalline SiliconWafers

Aluminum oxide �lms were deposited on crystalline silicon substrates by reactive RF magnetron sputtering. e in�uences of the deposition parameters on the surface passivation, surface damage, optical properties, and composition of the �lms have been investigated. It is found that proper sputtering power and uniformmagnetic �eld reduced the surface damage from the high-energy ion bombardment to the silicon wafers during the process and consequently decreased the interface trap density, resulting in the good surface passivation; relatively high refractive index of aluminum oxide �lm is bene�c to improve the surface passivation. e negative-charged aluminum oxide �lm was then successfully prepared. e surface passivation performance was further improved aer postannealing by formation of an SiOxx interfacial layer. It is demonstrated that the reactive sputtering is an effective technique of fabricating aluminum oxide surface passivation �lm for low-cost high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells.