Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flame Stability in Inverse Coaxial Injector Using Repetitive Nanosecond Pulsed Plasma

Recently, methane has been investigated as a feasible fuel for propulsion systems. The higher boiling point and higher density of methane, compared with hydrogen, makes its storage tank lighter, cheaper, and smaller to launch. Methane is abundant in the outer solar system and can be harvested on Mars, Titan, Jupiter, and many other planets and therefore, it can be used in reusable rocket engines. However, there are still some technological challenges in the methane engines development path. For example, ignition reliability and flame stability are of great importance. These challenges can be addressed by integrating low-temperature plasma (LTP) through repetitive nanosecond pulsed (RNP) discharge to the injector design. This research focuses on air/CH4 jet flames in a single-element coaxial shear injector coupled with RNP plasma discharge to study the influence of LTP on ignition characteristics and flame stability using advanced diagnostic techniques. The experiments have been performed for different fuel composition, jet velocities, discharge voltages, and frequencies at atmospheric conditions. The transient flame behavior including flame oscillation is studied using direct photography by CMOS high-speed camera. The effect of plasma discharge location on flame stability is also investigated. To demonstrate the effectiveness of RNP discharge on liftoff and blowout/blowoff velocities, the jet velocity at the critical conditions is measured and the enhancements of flame stability are then evaluated. The collected experimental data have shown that the RNP discharge can significantly extend the stability by reducing the liftoff height and increasing the velocity of blowout/blowoff phenomena.
How do we know how the brain works?—Analyzing whole brain activities with classic mathematical and machine learning methods

The brain performs various functions by coordinating and integrating activities of its units, called nerve cells or “neurons”. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying brain functions should be explored by analyzing neuronal activities in the entire brain [i.e. whole brain activities (WBAs)]. Because the brain consists of a very large number of neurons, extraction of useful information from dynamic WBAs requires powerful mathematical methods. In this review for non-specialists of brain science, we introduce the methods for measuring WBAs, the methods for analyzing these data using classic mathematical and recent machine learning techniques, the results of such analyses in various research contexts, and the challenges in those studies. We also propose an approach for extracting dynamic activity flow in the brain with a mathematical model and validating the model with cutting-edge biological experiments.
Spatio-temporal genetic variation of juvenile smooth hammerhead sharks in South Africa

ABSTRACT The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena is known to display a high degree of site fidelity to specific areas along the South African coastline. This species is vulnerable to overfishing and steep declines have been noted globally. In this study, a dual marker approach was used to investigate the spatial and temporal genetic variation of juvenile S. zygaena across the south and east coast of South Africa. Kinship of individuals was determined within and across cohorts from juvenile S. zygaena sampled in Mossel Bay, a putative pupping ground. Significant genetic differentiation (supported by F-statistics, multivariate analysis and Bayesian clustering) was evident between individuals sampled from the warm temperate south coast and the subtropical east coast, with asymmetric gene flow between regions. Distinct genetic composition was also revealed between sampling years, with different levels of relatedness within and among cohorts, indicating different temporal populations utilizing Mossel Bay annually. Based on these results, further investigation of S. zygaena populations across a wider region is warranted in order to make recommendations regarding conservation management of this vulnerable coastal shark.
Modelling and simulations of active fluid interfaces

The outer boundaries of the growing colonies of bacteria or growing skin tissues or even single eukaryotic cells develop finger-like structures. These structures help bacterial colonies in infecting the virgin tissues in a shorter time. Fingers on single-cells assist them in achieving motility to survive. Understanding the fingers on these systems is thus necessary to understand their evolution. But, these are complex to solve. In this thesis, we use simple fluid mechanical concepts to develop mathematical models for such biological systems and find the conditions under which they form fingers on their boundaries.
A Dynamic Model of Mentoring for Hospitality Leadership Development

Mentoring programs have become mainstay methods of developing leadership skills in the hospitality and tourism context. The following provides the theoretical foundation and overview of a mentoring program implemented for a blended graduate hospitality management program. This provides a model for others seeking to create hybrid mentoring for leadership development. Through structured reflection assignments and industry mentors, the Mentor EDGE program has countered many of the potential drawbacks of traditional mentoring programs, particularly in the online space.
The silence/ing of academic women

ABSTRACT The underrepresentation of women in the most senior ranks, and senior leadership positions in the academy, is a global phenomenon. How and why women academics experience the higher education profession differently to their male colleagues has been the subject of extensive research. This paper brings a new, original conceptual dimension to our understanding of this complex and enduring issue. Based on the rigorous analysis of 35 interviews with women academics from three world leading research-intensive universities, the paper introduces the concept of the silence, and silencing of, academic women. The theoretical frame of ‘micro-inequities’ – that is ‘small events’ which are hard to prove and covert – is used to analyse why academic women remain silent and how academic women are silenced.
Logical Operation-Based Model Predictive Control for Quasi-Z-Source Inverter Without Weighting Factor

In the model predictive control (MPC), proper weighting factors in the cost function must be designed to obtain the expected performance of the system. However, the design of weighting factors is not a trivial task since the weighting factors are normally tuned by the trial-and-error method. To solve the problem, a new MPC method named logical operation-based model predictive control (LOMPC) is proposed for the quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) in this article. The inductor current, capacitor voltage, and output current of the qZSI are separately controlled in the two special logic blocks, i.e., the control logic and judgment logic. As the inductor current is independently controlled in the control logic, its weighting factor is eliminated. In the judgment logic, the optimal switching state that can balance the control performance of the capacitor voltage and output current is selected by the ranking algorithm which can avoid using the weighting factors. In this way, good performance of the qZSI can be obtained by the proposed method without tedious tuning work of the weighting factors. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are verified experimentally.
Scalable Correlated Sampling for Join Query Estimations on Big Data

Estimate query results within limited time constraints is a challenging problem in the research of big data management. Query estimation based on simple random samples performs well for simple selection queries; however, return results with extremely high relative errors for complex join queries. Existing methods only work well with foreign key joins, and the sample size can grow dramatically as the dataset gets larger. This research implements a scalable sampling scheme in a big data environment, namely correlated sampling in map-reduce, that can speed up search query length results, give precise join query estimations, and minimize storage costs when presented with big data. Extensive experiments with large TPC-H datasets in Apache Hive show that our sampling method produces fast and accurate query estimations on big data.
Ileostomy diarrhea: Pathophysiology and management

Abstract Ileostomy is a common component of surgical treatments for various gastrointestinal conditions. Loss of the fluid absorptive capacity of the colon results in increased fluid and electrolyte losses, which causes a state of relative fluid depletion. These losses can be offset in part by increased oral intake, but the remaining small intestine also compensates by increasing the efficiency of fluid and electrolyte absorption, a process termed adaptation, which occurs within weeks to months of ileostomy creation. Some patients fail to adapt adequately and have high ileostomy outputs from the time of surgery. Others with a previously well-adapted ileostomy may encounter periods of sustained high output when some additional process causes diarrhea. Many patients experience periods of high output after ileostomy creation and often require hospital readmission for this reason. Any patient with an ileostomy is at great risk of dehydration and electrolyte depletion should output rise dramatically. Prompt attention should be given to rehydration and identification of the underlying cause so that directed therapies may be implemented. This review discusses the alteration of normal intestinal fluid balance from colectomy with ileostomy, proposed mechanisms for adaptation, the differential diagnosis of ileostomy diarrhea, the evaluation of ileostomy diarrhea, and current treatment options.
Preparation and clinical application possibilities of human amniotic membrane grafts

In the majority of obstetric and gynaecological wards, the fetal membranes along with the rest of the placenta are usually discarded as medical waste. However, donating placenta to the Tissue Bank may provide a highly valuable source of graft material. One of the most common tissues used in clinical transplantation is amniotic membrane. The unique properties of amnion make it highly beneficial not only in preventing bacterial infections, protein loss, fluids and electrolytes disturbances, but also in reducing burn wound pain and accelerating healing processes. Due to its abundance of nutrients and low immunogenicity, it is often used as a skin substitute. Human amnion may be prepared in tissue banks, as biostatic or biovital grafts. In order to increase surgical treatment efficiency and to prevent the risk of potential transmission of infectious diseases, a number of methods of amniotic graft preparation have been developed. This paper presents the current clinical possibilities of applying human amnion and other types of placenta tissue grafts in the treatment of wounds of various etiology. It also describes new application areas of fetal membranes for other diseases. Placental grafts are extensively used as an alternative therapy in situations when standard treatment does not produce desirable outcomes. The properties of placental grafts including i.a. low cost, easy manipulation, capability of promoting cell migration and proliferation and stimulation of stem cell activity, making them highly beneficial in comparison to many other bioactive therapies. The alternative source of graft preparation may also be harvested from animal placenta, which makes it an alternative source of supply to human tissues.
Oberflächenwellenerzeuger für Millimeterwellen-Leckwellenantennen

In dieser Arbeit werden Methoden zur Erzeugung von TE₀- und TM₀-Oberflachenwellen fur die Anwendung in mmW-Leckwellenantennen nach dem holografischen Prinzip vorgestellt und untersucht. Ziel ist dabei, die Integrierbarkeit der Oberflachenwellenerzeuger in mmW-Systeme zu vereinfachen und gleichzeitig die Abstrahleigenschaften der Leckwellenantennen zu verbessern.
The Association Between Patient-reported Clinical Factors and 30-day Acute Care Utilization in Chronic Heart Failure

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Heart failure patients have high rates of repeat acute care use. Current efforts for risk prediction often ignore postdischarge data. Objective: To identify postdischarge patient-reported clinical factors associated with repeat acute care use. Research Design: In a prospective cohort study that followed patients with chronic heart failure for 30 days postdischarge, for 7 days after discharge (or fewer days if patients used acute care within 7 days postdischarge), patients reported health status, heart failure symptoms, medication management, knowledge of follow-up plans, and other issues using a daily interactive automatic phone call. Subjects: A total of 156 patients who had responded to phone surveys. Measures: The outcome variable was dichotomous 30-day acute care use (rehospitalization or emergency department visit). We examined the association between each patient-reported issue and the outcome, using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for confounders. Results: Patients were 63 years old (SD=12.4), with 51% African-American and 53% women. Within 30 days postdischarge, 30 (19%) patients used acute care. After adjustment, poor health status [odds ratio (OR)=3.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–11.76], pain (OR=2.44; 95% CI, 1.02–5.84), and poor appetite (OR=3.05; 95% CI, 1.13–8.23) were positively associated with 30-day acute care utilization. Among 58 reports of pain in follow-up nursing notes, 39 (67%) were noncardiac, 2 (3%) were cardiac, and 17 (29%) were indeterminate. Conclusions: Patient-reported poor health status, pain, and poor appetite were positively associated with 30-day acute care utilization. These novel postdischarge markers require further study before incorporation into risk prediction to drive quality improvement efforts.
Mobility improvement in CVD graphene by using local metal side-gate

It has been anticipated that using a side-gate helps in the improvement of mobility over more common top-gate or back-gate graphene transistors. In this work, we presented a method of quantifying the mobility improvement. Transistors are fabricated using chemical vapour deposition graphene on SiO2/Si substrate. Characteristics of two graphene transistors with slightly different geometry are presented. The transistors are fabricated with both, a back-gate and a side-gate. Using results from experiment and technology computer-aided design simulations, field effect mobility of majority carriers (holes) is calculated by two methods. It has been observed that switching from back-gate to side-gate operation on the same transistor results in a mobility improvement of at least 1.64 times. Simulation results presented in this work exhibit a non-perpendicular direction of majority side-gate electric field induced to the two-dimensional graphene channel. This could be one of the reasons behind the mobility improvement. Because in both cases (back-gate and side-gate) the graphene channel is in contact with ambient air on top and SiO2 substrate on bottom.
Emission of Green House Gases from Grasslands and their Mitigation

The concentrations of green house gases (GHG) in the atmosphere began in pre-industrial times and it continues to increase. This could result into an alarming increase in temperature of up to 5.40C by year 2100 due to a net global annual GHG emission of H 4.5-6.5 Gt C equivalent. About 18% of the world’s GHG are contributed by livestock and related activities on grasslands that are spread over almost 35 million Km2.These grasslands give livelihood to over a billion people most of who are poor. Twenty to 70% of the land surface area is degrading often due to overgrazing caused by increased demand for meat and milk, among other factors. A right set of policies that incentivises appropriate management of the grasslands have the potential to reduce up to 30% of the GHG globally. This can be achieved by mainly focussing on reduction in deforestation for pastures, silvo-pastoral improvements and reduction in enteric fermentation in animals, and appropriate manure and fertilizer management, especially on extensive grasslands. Reduction in GHG emissions will also depend upon the level of resource use efficiencies achieved, added intensification to reduce pressure on grasslands, and success or failure of appropriate market and regulatory policy interventions.
Essential determinants of Anaemia among children of Uttar Pradesh (India): Evidence from National Family Health Surveys

Background: Using data from the National Family Health Survey, present study was planned to find out the determinants of anaemia in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Aims & Objective: To find out the level and determinants of trend of anaemia. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors affecting anaemia among children of Uttar Pradesh. Results & Conclusion: In Uttar Pradesh, there were about 38% of the literate mothers, 23.3% were employed and 34.5% were undernourished. Anaemia level among male were 72.6% and 73.4% among females, about 74.6% in rural areas and 69.7%in urban areas. Maternal Anaemia was present in 77.2 %of women. About 73.9% children are anemic in the Uttar Pradesh state followed by female 49.9% and male 24.3%. The prevalence of severe anaemia is the highest 3.6% in children followed by women 1.6 % and men 2.0%. Children aged 13 to 24 months are significantly (OR; 6.05, CI; 4.04-9.04) more likely to be severely anemic compared to children of 25 to 59 months.
Unidirectional transport of water nanodroplets entrapped inside a nonparallel smooth surface: a molecular dynamics simulation study

The unidirectional transport of liquid nanodroplets is an important topic of research in the field of drug delivery, labs on chips, micro/nanofluidics, and water collection. Inspired by nature a nonparallel surface (NPS) is modelled in this study for pumpless water transport applications. The dynamics of water transport is analyzed with the aid of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. There were five different types of NPSs namely A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 utilized in this study, with separation angles equal to 5°, 7°, 9°, 11°, and 13° respectively. The water droplet was placed at the beginning of the open end of the NPS and it moved spontaneously towards the cusp of the surface in all cases except for the 13° NPS. The size of the water droplet, too, was altered and four different sizes of water droplets (3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 molecules) were utilized in this study. Furthermore, the surface energy parameter of the NPS was also changed and four different values, i.e. 7.5 eV, 17.5 eV, 27.56 eV, 37.5 eV were assigned to the surface in order to represent a surface with hydrophobic to hydrophilic characteristics. In addition the importance of water bridge formation for its spontaneous propulsion with the influence of surface energy and droplet size is also discussed in this study. Moreover, a unique design is modelled for the practical application of water harvesting and a large size water droplet is formed by combining two water droplets placed inside a NPS.
Influences of Polymeric Magnetic Encapsulated Nanoparticles on the Adhesive Layer for Composite Materials Used for Class I Dental Fillings

The main properties of dental adhesives should be good marginal adaptation, high retention strength and the possibility of not negatively influencing clinical sustainability. Dental adhesives are continuously improving to increase their retention to dental structures by increasing penetration in these structures, as it was shownin the in-vitro tests requiring imaging and qualitative analysis to allow the evaluation of experimental samples as well as the development of new materials. The main objective of this study is the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the layer of modified dental adhesives with ferrous nanoparticles encapsulated in a SiO2 membrane located between the surface of the dental preparation and the surface of the photopolymerizable composite filling. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples, technologies such as SEM, optical microscopy and EDX were used.
Hydrotalcites with heterogeneous anion distributions: a first approach to producing new materials to be used as vehicles for the successive delivery of compounds

ABSTRACT Hydrotalcites with heterogeneous distributions of anions between their layers were synthesized. Some synthesis parameters were studied to verify their influence on the anionic segregation properties of the hydrotalcites. The nature of the divalent cation and the crystallization method were most relevant. Zinc, in contrast to magnesium, assisted in discriminating carbonates and attracting nitrates to form hydrotalcites with heterogeneous distributions using microwave irradiation. Furthermore, the identification of this kind of hydrotalcite could be easily verified by determining the presence of a double reflection in the 003 X-ray diffraction (XRD) maximum, which definitively characterized a heterogeneous anion distribution. Finally, the reason as to why in some cases the hydrotalcite presented two reflections in the 003 XRD peak was elucidated.
64-MDCT Evaluation of Gastroduodenal Ulcer Perforation

Poster: "RANZCR ASM 2013 / R-0014 / 64-MDCT Evaluation of Gastroduodenal Ulcer Perforation" by: "M. -H. Park1, B. S. Shin2; 1Cheonan, Chungnam/KP, 2Daejeon/KR"
DETERMINAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PROPERTY DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Sales Growth, dan Rasio Aktivitas Terhadap Financial Distress pada Sub Sektor Perusahaan Property, Real Estate, dan Kontruksi Bangunan yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2018.Populasi penelitian ini meliputi seluruh perusahaan sub sektor property, real estate, dan kontruksi bangunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2015-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 10 perusahaan Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian variabel rasio likuiditas, rasio leverage, rasio profitabilitas, rasio sales growth dan rasio aktivitas secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress. Sedangkan secara parsial rasio leverage berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap financial distress. rasio profitabilitas memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap financial distress dan rasio likuiditas, rasio sales growth dan rasio aktivitas tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap financial distress.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Liquidity, Leverage, Profitability, Sales Growth, and Activity Ratios of Financial Distress in the Property, Real Estate and Building Construction Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the Period of 2015-2018.The population of this study includes all property, real estate, and construction sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2018 period. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. In order to obtain a sample of 10 companies based on predetermined criteria. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website.Based on the results of the study liquidity ratio variables, leverage ratios, profitability ratios, sales growth ratios and activity ratios simultaneously have a significant effect on financial distress. While partially the leverage ratio has a significant negative effect on financial distress. profitability ratios have a positive effect on financial distress and liquidity ratios, sales growth ratios and activity ratios have no influence on financial distress.