Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erasmus+ Mobility: Empirical Insights into Erasmus+ Tourists’ Behaviour

Erasmus+ students represent a large sub-segment of educational tourists, making this segment an attractive market for universities as well as destination marketing organisations. Unfortunately, very little is known about Erasmus+ students’ travel behaviour; hence the present study aims at extending empirically supported knowledge about travel behaviour of students during their Erasmus+ mobility. Data was collected via an online survey among all Erasmus+ enrolling students in the academic year 2016/17 in Slovenia. The results show that 93 of the participants travelled during their mobility. The level of studies as well as gender affect students’ travel behaviour, making the two characteristics immediately useful attributes when targeting Erasmus+ travellers. Based on perceived destination attributes, male students predominantly seek cities with attractive nightlife but female students look for easily accessible cities, which are safe and offer attractive cultural sites. These findings suggest that tourism providers, destination tourism organisations and universities should work hand in hand when designing personalised tourism experiences and their promotion among Erasmus+ students. This is crucial during the phase of planning Erasmus+ mobility, when students choose their destination and host university, as well as during students’ Erasmus+ mobility, because Erasmus + students travel during their student mobility. Keywords: Erasmus+ mobility, education, international students, destination attributes, tourist behaviour
Prolactin Potency of the Cephalic and the Caudal Lobe of the Anterior Pituitary in Relation to Broodiness in the Domestic Fowl

Abstract RIDDLE, Bates and Lahr (1935) reported that prolactin induced broodiness in laying fowl. Burrows and Byerly (1936) showed that pituitaries from broody hens contained more prolactin than those from laying hens; and this was confirmed by Saeki and Tanabe (1955). Various attempts have been made to interrupt broodiness, but the results were not always satisfactory. Nakajo (1952 Nakajo (1953) reported that electrical stimulation of the head of broody hen and lighting at night were successful to the interruption. Hormonal changes in the anterior pituitary have not been investigated. Rahn and Painter (1941) divided the anterior pituitary of fowl into two cytologically distinct regions and designated them as “cephalic” and “caudal” lobes. Yasuda (1953) observed that these two lobes of broody hens were different histologically from those of laying hens. In the cephalic lobe basophiles decreased in number together with increase of chromophobes, while in the caudal lobe acidophiles increased in number…
Misinformation, Radicalization and Hate Through the Lens of Users

The popularization of Online Social Networks has changed the dynamics of content creation and consumption. In this setting, society has witnessed an amplification in phenomena such as misinformation and hate speech. This dissertation studies these issues through the lens of users. In three case studies in social networks, we: (i) provide insight on how the perception of what is misinformation is altered by political opinion; (ii) propose a methodology to study hate speech on a user-level, showing that the network structure of users can improve the detection of the phenomenon; (iii) characterize user radicalization in far-right channels on YouTube through time, showing a growing migration towards the consumption of extreme content in the platform.
Molecular and morphological diagnostic markers for the Himalayan Ips DeGeer species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Morphological and molecular analyses of Ips bark beetles collected in the eastern and northwestern Himalayan area resulted in the diagnosis of three species—Ips stebbingi, I. longifolia and I. schmutzenhoferi. These three species can be distinguished by morphological characters, including the frontal setae, the body size and the shape and position of the spines on the elytral declivity. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene were analyzed to detect haplotype variation within each of the species. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on our data plus data from GenBank. Considerable amount of intra-specific sequence divergence was found in I. longifolia, ranging between 0.2%−2.5%. Intra-specific sequence divergence in I. stebbingi ranged from 0.2%−1.1% and in I. schmutzenhoferi it varied by 0.2%. Interspecific sequence divergence was high among the three species: 7.4−8.6% between I. longifolia and I. stebbingi, 11.9−12.2% between I. stebbingi and I. schmutzenhoferi, and 11.5−12.6% between I. longifolia and I. schmutzenhoferi. Phylogenetic analyses revealed Himalayan Ips species to be monophyletic and unrelated to other Asian species. Ips stebbingi and I. longifolia were sister taxa and I. schmutzenhoferi was distinguished from I. stebbingi.
Antifungal Effect of Blue LED Irradiation on the Blue Mold, Penicillium italicum , in Satsuma Mandarin Fruits

The antifungal effect of blue LED (light emitting diode: maximum emission wavelength 465 nm, 80 μmol・m-2・s-1) irradiation on the blue mold, Penicillium italicum, in satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits after harvesting was investigated. Blue LED irradiation for 6 days after inoculation with Penicillium italicum significantly reduced symptom development in the fruits compared to that observed with dark treatment. The sporulation and mycelium area were markedly reduced by blue LED irradiation. On the other hand, blue LED irradiation for 6 days before inoculation reduced symptom development when the inoculum dose was low. Blue LED irradiation did not affect the fruit quality, except for the citric acid concentration and moisture loss. These results indicate that blue light irradiation could directly inhibit fungal growth in satsuma mandarin fruits and induce an antifungal response against the blue mold.
Tree-Ferns of the Genus Cyathea Sm. in Asia (Excluding Malaysia)

The species of Cyathea Sm. in Malaysia are described in 'Flora Malesiana', Ser. II, I, pt. 2 (1963). While preparing that work I examined all species from the mainland of Asia and adjacent islands outside of Malaysia. The result of this study is here presented. In Malaysia I have recognized I91 species, but in the rest of Asia only 25; a few species occur in both areas. It is probable that further species remain to be recognized in China. The genus Cyathea is here construed in a very broad sense, to include Alsophila R. Br. , Hemitelia R. Br. , Gymnosphaera Bl. and Schizocaena J. Sm. This comprehensive genus is subdivided (as regards the Old World) into subgenera Cyathea and Sphaeropteris (Bernh.) Holttum on characters of stipe-scales, and these subgenera are again divided, as explained in 'Flora Malesiana'; some of the subdivisions do not occur in mainland Asia. Schizocaena J. Sm. , typified by S. brunonis J. Sm. ex Hook. , is treated in 'Flora Malesiana' as a section of subgen. Sphaeropteris; it is exclusively found in Malaysia and the Pacific region. The Ceylon species Cyathea sinuata Hook. & Grev. , and C. hookeri Thw. (both placed in Schizocaena by Copeland, Gen. Fil.: 99 (i947) ) have stipe-scales like subgen. Cyathea, quite unlike the scales of the type species of Schizocaena (see Holttum in Kew Bull. 12: 42 (1957) ). The following key gives the main characters of the divisions of the genus in mainland Asia; comments on each subdivision are made later, under the subgeneric and sectional headings.
Phenology of spotted wing drosophila in the San Joaquin Valley varies by season, cropand nearby vegetation

The spotted wing drosophila, first detected in California in 2008, has become a major insect pest in caneberries and sweet cherries, causing commercial crop losses. Managing it is challenging because it has many other hosts, including riparian and backyard fruit plantings, and it increases rapidly, with generations overlapping one another. In our study we monitored trap captures in two parts of the San Joaquin Valley, within sweet cherry orchards and in nearby locations. Captures of adult flies showed two main periods of activity — spring and fall — and low captures in the winter (except for citrus and evergreen riparian areas) and summer. On many occasions during the year, trap captures were higher outside of the cherry orchards than within them. Additionally, early in the season, when decisions about control programs are being made, the sex ratio of captured flies in cherries was strongly female-biased. The results suggest that during the weeks leading up to harvest growers should experiment by placing traps in different environments surrounding their orchards to determine SWD activity and potential pest pressure locally, and monitor for both male and female flies.
Conspecificity of Nepenthes alata Blco. Population Found in Mt. Guisguis, Zambales Inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA) Sequence Data

Acta Manilana (ISSN 0065-1370) Volume 55 • 2007 §To whom correspondence should be addressed. Abstract. With the distinct morphological variation existing in Nepenthes alata Blco. population found in Mt. Guisguis, Zambales, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5.8S gene, ITS2) was sequenced in four variants of N. alata population (labeled as N01, N02, N03, N04) to evaluate its potential value as a source of character variations. The four ITS sequences of N. alata population are newly published here. The whole ITS region of the four variants consisted 655 positions or base pairs (bp). The ITS1 and ITS2 regions were uniform in size with 258 bp and 233 bp, respectively. The 5.8 S gene was identical and uniform in size with 164 bp. Pairwise comparisons among the four population samples yielded 0% variation in the whole ITS region. The results based on ITS sequence data strongly suggest that the four variants of N. alata population are conspecific.
A Study of the Fine Structure of the So-Called Chloride Cell in the Gill of the Guppy Lebistes Reticulatus P.

F ISH urine is hypotonic to the blood, and teleosts in the hypertonic environment of sea water face a constant influx of ions that exceeds the ionic excretory capacity of their kidneys. Fish in fresh water face a related but opposite problem; they are constantly losing ions to a hypotonic environment. The site of the excretion and absorption necessary for maintenance has been localized to the gills, but the exact cellular location is not known. In 1931 Keys and Willmer described a prominent acidophilic cell located along the gill filament and attributed to it this role in ion regulation. Attention has centered on the chloride ion, although the exchange of other solutes has also been shown to occur in the gills in opposition to concentration gradients, and the so-called chloride cell has been accepted by many as the cellular location of extrarenal chloride regulation in teleosts. Copeland (1948, 1950) found two different cytological forms of the cell in the euryhaline species Fundulus heteroclitus. One, with a clear vesicle at the apical end of the cell, was present in fish from sea water, and the other, with no such vesicle, was seen in cells from fish from fresh water. Philpott (1961)
Lessons from the Urban Deer Battlefront: A Plea for Tolerance

For considerably more than a billion years, populations of living creatures have experienced periods of high and low density, abundance and scarcity, wide and narrow distribution. Each species has, to a certain extent, influenced the biological community in which it lived. But the descriptive data alone tell us nothing about overabundance. The concept of overabundance only acquires meaning when framed in terms of human values; nature doesn't care (Caughley 1981). White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in North America may be perceived as overabundant for at least 2 sets of reasons. First, deer may be regarded as overabundant when they cause direct harm or a perception of harm to human welfare, for example by damaging crops or ornamental plantings, colliding with cars, or (allegedly) spreading Lyme disease. Here the influence of values is relatively transparent and relates to human self-interest. But the term overabundance may also be invoked at densities at which deer cause changes in the biological world that some people consider undesirable, e.g., when "herd productivity" diminishes, a significant fraction of the population becomes diseased or starves, browse lines appear and understory vegetation disappears, or biodiversity is reduced. In these examples, people may variously diagnose overabundance because they value deer as a resource to be harvested, value the prevention of animal suffering, value biodiversity, or simply prefer that a forest look a certain way. Although the link to values may be better hidden, the values are still there (Decker et al. 1991, Rutberg 1997).
New Tendencies of Wearable Electronics Application in Smart Clothing

Currently an expanded interest in the structural and functional capabilities of textiles especially in the field of technical textiles can be observed. Thus a lot of measurement devices that can measure physiological parameters (vital signs) of the body are developed [1,2]. Measurements of body movements with on-body sensors is gaining more and more importance. The sensors can provide on-line monitoring data, when a warning alarm is detected. It is possible to construct knitted fabric sensors that increase or decrease resistance when stretched [3]. The ‘Sensor Jacket’ can be the example of the use of such sensor. It contains 11 stretch sensors placed on the surface of the garment. Each time the jacket is worn, it has to be calibrated by the wearer because the users movements under clothing and body shape influence the sensor readings [4]. The same sensor is used in the ‘Sensor Sleeve’. It detects strain by measuring resistance change in a strip of stretched fabric by interweaving carbon fibres with elastomeric yarn using a knitting process [5]. Current fabric sensors that reduce resistance when stretched show an initial rise in resistance due to current path increase. This effect needs to be eliminated for above mentioned types of sensors in the applications such as sensor jacket. The sensors that have been created to increase resistance under stretch, start to show a reduction in resistance when stretched beyond 160%, work will be undertaken to increase this usable period and the linearity of the resistance change during it. The Respibelt, developed by M. Catrysse et al., is intended for the monitoring of electrocardiogram and respiration rate of children in a hospital environment. The Respibelt is made of a stainless steel yarn knitted in a Lycra containing belt providing an adjustable stretch. However, it is applied with pre-strain of 50% to avoid the strong non-linearities at low strain levels [6]. C. Mattmann presented new method to define the elongation distribution of a garment where the skeleton movement is measured with markers placed on the skin or the garment [7]. The other research shows electro-mechanical properties of stainless steel knitted fabric made from multi-filament yarn under uniaxial extension. It was defined that the contacting resistance in knitted fabric was much larger than the filament resistance itself. The sensitivity of the knitted fabric sensor mainly depends on the contacting resistance and the structure of the fabric. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the contacting resistance at the overlapped points decreased with loading [8]. This paper presents experimental development of textile stretch sensor. The aim of this research was to develop optimal structure of textile sensor for continuous recording of deformation changes.
Genetic analysis of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 production by Staphylococcus aureus strains

The relationship between nutritional requirement and toxic shock syndrome toxin-l (TSST-I) production by Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was investigated. Auxotyping of ~. aureus strains obtained from TSS patients, patients with staphylococcal infections other than TSS and from asymptomatic carriers revealed that a requirement for tryptophan was significantly associated with TSST-I production (p<O.OOI, chi square). This association appeared not to be confounded by disease status of the patient from whom the isolate was obtained, or by the anatomic site of isolation. Based on this finding it was hypothesized that tryptophan auxotrophs must satisfy their nutritional requirement by forming close relationships with other organisms in vivo to obtain rzquired nutrients to grow. Escherichia coli strains co-isolated with TSST-I-producing~. aureus strains were able to provide the necessary nutrients for tryptophan auxotrophs to grow and produce TSST-I. In addition, the TSST-I-producing/tryptophan auxotrophs were found to have an identical genetic lesion at the tryptophan synthase gene site leading to the hypothesis that the TSST-I genetic deteminant (tst) may be found on a movable element that preferentially inserts into the tryptophan gene cluster.
The Bara Shigri Glacier, Kangra District, East Punjab, India

Abstract During the monsoon of 1956 the Geological Survey of India sponsored an expedition to the Bara Shigri Glacier (lat. 32° 16′N., long. 77° 40′E), Kangra District, in the great Himalayan ranges of the Punjab, as part of the Indian programme for the International Geophysical Year 1956–57. Topographical maps of the terminal 3 miles of the glacier, on scales of 1:63.360 and 1:10,000, were prepared for comparison of morphological changes since it was last surveyed 50 years ago. The glacier appears to have shrunk considerably but its full extent could not be assessed because of insufficient earlier data. The Shigri Stream now emerges from a different part of the glacier snout. In order to assist future surveys three photographic stations were established.
The Impact of Population, Labor, Unemployment, and Poverty on Economic Growth Regencies/Municipality in Sulawesi Tengah Province

High population growth could be a serious barrier to regional economic development. In general, if productivity in each sector of the economy is very low, there will be a high unemployment level in that society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the partial and simultaneous influences of population, labor, unemployment, and poverty on economic growth. The type of data used is panel statistic data from 11 regencies and municipality in Sulawesi Tengah province of Indonesia during the 2011-2019 period with 99 observations. The regression model with fixed effect approach was used to analyze the data panel. The results reveal that labor and unemployment do not significantly affect economic growth, whereas population and poverty significantly affect economic growth in positive and negative ways, respectively. The partial results of the test imply that the increase in population must be coherently supported by the specialization of the workforce through an increase in the length of school each individual. These implications can be realized through the construction of educational infrastructure. Poverty reduction can be implemented through the improvement of the education level of the people. It is expected that good education will generate more new experts to increase industrial productivity, which in turn will increase the output
Habitat Selection in the Three-Toed Box Turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis

A quantitative study of habitat selection in Terrapene carolina triunguis was conducted from August 1969 through January 1972. Thirtythree microenvironmental variables were measured in the vicinity of 201 form locations. Principal component analysis of these data indicated that temperature, cover and moisture are fundamental aspects of the environment at form locations. Canonical correlation of microhabitat and microclimatic variables showed that the microclimate surrounding forms was primarily influenced by ground cover aspects of the habitat. Moisture variables immediately surrounding the turtle were not correlated with features of the microhabitat, suggesting that turtles select humidity levels independent of prevailing conditions at the surface. Microclimatic factors were measured at the location of 55 active turtles within the study area. The similarity in temperature and humidity levels with those taken at form locations indicated that turtles exist within a relatively limited microclimatic range at all times during seasons of activity. Analysis of form location and trailing information indicated a seasonal shift in habitat utilization from grasslands in late spring and early fall to forested areas in summer, early spring and late fall. Activity in the grassland areas was found to coincide with moderate temperature and peak moisture conditions. At other seasons turtles burrowed beneath the litter in wooded areas to avoid temperature extremes and maintain high humidity.
Species richness at a small metals mine near an abundant source of native propagules

Nyrstar Myra Falls mine is located within the boundaries of Strathcona Westmin Provincial Park on Vancouver Island. Vegetation assessment of NMF’s revegetated tailings disposal facility (TDF) seismic berm indicates the success of revegetation efforts in establishing cover, as well as modifying microclimates that support increased native species recruitment from local, proximate native seed sources. Via these processes, a site-specific, site-adapted, diverse vegetation community is forming. Planting programs at Myra Falls have been successful in establishing a high density of three native tree species, with 40 additional species establishing on the primary survey units of the upper TDF seismic berm, and 22 further species establishing along the lower portion of the TDF seismic berm, through processes of natural colonization. Native species percent composition is high, between 70-90%, despite being located near a roadway, which are known dispersal corridors for non-native species. The prevalence and proximity of native propagules in the area appear to be primary factors in the degree of successful germination and competition with non-native individuals for niche opportunities. Surveys conducted approximately 5 years following alder planting will help determine whether additional revegetation is required, or whether natural processes are likely to accomplish sufficient site revegetation within an acceptable timeframe.
Insect Stem Fauna of Native Sunflower Species in Western North Dakota

Stem fauna of the native sunflower species, Helianthus annuus L. , H. petiolaris ssp. petiolaris Nuttall, H. maxmiliani Schrader, and H. rigidus ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Heiser, which occur in western North Dakota are reported. Species of insects recovered in order of relative abundance were: Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Mordellistena sp. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae), Suleima helianthana (Riley) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Isophrictis similiella (Chambers) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Dectes sayi Dillon and Dillon (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). A single species of parasitoid, Nealiolus curculionis (Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was reared from C. adspersus larvae.