Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of different cultivars of Cucurbita pepo in resistance to Podosphaera xanthii infection through improvement of antioxidative defense system and gene expression

Background: Powdery mildew is one of the world’s most destructive diseases of cucurbit and the major cause of losses in its production worldwide. A number of strategies have been developed and applied to discover some suitable and alternative safe methods to manage the powdery mildew disease occurrence, but little information is regarding to screen of resistant pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.) germplasm and explore the mechanisms of their preventing the disease occurrence at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Therefore, we evaluated and determined the ability and mechanisms of two commercial pumpkin cultivars in resistance to Podosphaera xanthii infection. Results: Compared with mock-inoculated seedlings, small and sparse spots were observed on the cultivar of Sixing F1 leaves at the 13th day after inoculation with P. xanthii, whereas a large number of disease spots or a layer of white powdery mildew were observed on the surface of Jin12 F1 leaves. Increased the inoculation time (7, 9, 11 and 13 days) significantly and continuously increased the disease incidence and index of pumpkin seedlings after inoculation. The disease incidence and index of Jin12 F1 were significantly higher than the cultivar of Sixing F1. At Day 13, the disease incidence and index of Jin12 F1 were 80.0% and 72.6, whereas the cultivar of Sixing F1 was 22.3% and 17.7, respectively. The contents of H2O2, MDA, lignin and total phenolics in the leaves of Sixing F1 and Jin12 F1 were markedly accelerated after inoculation with P. xanthii. However, the cultivar of Sixing F1 exhibited less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and higher level of lignin and total phenolics contents after inoculation, whereas the cultivar of Jin12 F1 exhibited higher level of ROS accumulation and rates of lipid peroxidation, and lower level of lignin and total phenolics contents. Higher activity and transcript level of antioxidant enzymes and gene of PAL expression were observed on different tissues of both cultivars after inoculated with P. xanthii. Compared with pumpkin seedlings that were inoculated with sterile water but not P. xanthii, the level of PAL activity and gene expression in leaves, petioles and stems of Sixing F1 and Jin12 F1 were upregulated and increased significantly at different time points after inoculation. The enhancement expression of PAL activity and gene in different tissues of Sixing F1 was significantly higher than Jin12 F1, and higher in leaves, lower in petioles and stems. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the cultivar of Sixing F1 exhibited the highest ability in resistance to P. xanthii infection in comparison to Jin12 F1, and one novel possible mechanism is related to the cultivars in resistance to P. xanthii infection by activating and enhancing the antioxidative defense system and gene expression to prevent the pathogens infection.
Post-thrombotic Syndrome: Preventative and Risk Reduction Strategies Following Deep Vein Thrombosis

Venous disease is common in the general population, with chronic venous disorders affecting 50–85% of the western population and consuming 2–3% of healthcare funding. It, therefore, represents a significant socioeconomic, physical and psychological burden. Acute deep vein thrombosis, although a well-recognised cause of death through pulmonary embolism, can more commonly lead to post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). This article summarises the pathophysiology and risk factor profile of PTS, and highlights various strategies that may reduce the risk of PTS, and the endovenous management of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. The authors summarise the advances in PTS risk reduction strategies and present the latest evidence for discussion.
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON MICROBIAL LOAD OF SHEEP MEAT

Sheep (Ovis aries) is well-thought-out to be a significant source of nutrition around the world. Pathogenic microorganisms have caused numerous outbreaks of food-borne illnesses in many countries in the past, in spite of the mighty efforts their government employed to avoid contamination. Appropriate hygienic practices can lower the level of contamination. This study was conducted to monitor reduction in microbial contents especially the pathogens of sheep meat after Gamma irradiation. The sheep meat control sample used in this study contained coliform (2.4×106±1.26 cfu/g), Staphylococcus (8.04×106±0.489 cfu/g) and hemolytic bacteria (0.7×105±0.89 cfu/g). A Gamma radiation dose of 1kGy was adequate to eliminate coliform while a dose of 1.5 kGy was required to get rid of Staphylococcus and Hemolytic bacteria. Further control sample harbored acid tolerant bacteria that could survive in pH 2 (0.1×104±0.089 cfu/g) and pH3 (0.6×104±0.7 cfu/g) and were eliminated at 0.5 and 1.5kGy dose respectively. The sample contained ampicillin resistant bacteria (6.7×105±0.9 cfu/g) that were eliminated at a dose of 1.5kGy. In conclusion a radiation dose of 1.5 kGy was found optimal to eliminate harmful bacteria from sheep meat.
Behavioral function improvement of prefrontal cortex in treated depressed rats by ECT and ketamine

Background and Objective: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of the effective methods for treatment of depression. Regarding the stimulatory effect of glutaminergic system on the progression of depression, the effect of ketamine as one of the most important inhibitors of this system has been investigated on the effectiveness of ECT. Given the fundamental role of pre-frontal cortex on changing the mood of depression-related behaviors in depressed patients, the effects of ketamine with ECT on this cortex were taken into account in this study.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 50 male rats were used. Animals were randomly divided into five equal groups, and except the control group, the other ones were depressed by CUMS method. Then, three groups of depressed rats were treated in different ways (ECT, ketamine, and combined ECT and ketamine). Finally, behavioral parameters were measured.Results: The combination of ketamine and ECT could reduce prefrontal depression like behaviors by testing of: sucrose intake increased, the total immobility rate also decreased and open field behaviors increased.Conclusion: According to this study, the modification of behavioral parameters in rats treated with ECT and ketamine indicates the specific effect of electroconvulsive and ketamine therapy in modifying the mood and depression behaviors and behavioral test are showing the alleviation of depression signs. Electroconvulsive therapy in depressed rats with ketamine injection is recommended.
Association of myocardial fibrosis detected by late gadolinium-enhanced MRI with clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective This meta-analysis assessed the associations of myocardial fibrosis detected by late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE)-MRI with the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with diabetes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis reported in accordance with the guidelines of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Data sources We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane by Ovid databases for studies published up to 27 August 2021. Eligibility criteria Prospective or respective cohort studies were included if they reported the HR and 95% CIs for MACCEs/MACEs in patients with either type 1 or 2 diabetes and LGE-MRI-detected myocardial fibrosis compared with patients without LGE-MRI-detected myocardial fibrosis and if the articles were published in the English language. Data extraction and synthesis Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Pooled HRs and 95% CIs were analysed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots and I2 statistics. Results Eight studies with 1121 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were included in this meta-analysis, and the follow-up ranged from 17 to 70 months. The presence of myocardial fibrosis detected by LGE-MRI was associated with an increased risk for MACCEs (HR: 2.58; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.71; p=0.002) and MACEs (HR: 5.28; 95% CI 3.20 to 8.70; p<0.001) in patients with diabetes. Subgroup analysis revealed that ischaemic fibrosis detected by LGE was associated with MACCEs (HR 3.80, 95% CI 2.38 to 6.07; p<0.001) in patients with diabetes. Conclusions This study demonstrated that ischaemic myocardial fibrosis detected by LGE-MRI was associated with an increased risk of MACCEs/MACEs in patients with diabetes and may be an imaging biomarker for risk stratification. Whether LGE-MRI provides incremental prognostic information with respect to MACCEs/MACEs over risk stratification by conventional cardiovascular risk factors requires further study.
Inhibitory control training improves ADHD symptoms and externalizing behavior 

Background: The majority of cognitive and behavioral deficits in children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) originate from impaired inhibitory control. Methods: In the present study, thirty preschoolers with ADHD were recruited in a random clinical trial design in two equal control and intervention groups. The Color-Word Stroop test, Go/No- Go task, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, and Child Behavior Checklist were used for assessment at baseline, after intervention, and at one- month follow- up sessions. The program for attentive rehabilitation of inhibition and selective attention (PARISA) was used for intervention in 12-15 sessions. Results: The data demonstrate improvement in prepotent inhibition and interference control in the intervention group. Furthermore, the hyperactivity/ impulsivity symptoms were ameliorated and the externalizing behavioral problem were improved after intervention. Conclusion: Inhibitory control in preschoolers with ADHD is trainable and the benefit of training could be transferred to ADHD symptoms and externalizing behavior.Trial registration: IR.IAU. TMU.REC. 1398.046.
Ionic liquid mediated and promoted one-pot green synthesis of new isoxazolyl dihydro-1H-indol-4(5H)-one derivatives at ambient temperature

Abstract We report a mild, inexpensive, fast, highly efficient, and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of new isoxazolyl dihydro-1H-indol-4(5H)-ones by a catalyst-free, one-pot three-component reaction of 4-amino-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazoles, dimedone, and 2-chloroacetophenones under 1-methyl imidazolium tetraflouroborate ([HMIm]BF4) as task-specific ionic liquid at room temperature. The important aspects of the present methodology are: use of green solvent, short reaction time, catalyst free, compatibility with wide range of substrates, ease of recovery, reusability of reaction medium, and good yields.
Efecto de la variedad y de la humedad de cosecha en la temperatura de transición vítrea de variedades uruguayas de arroz

La temperatura de transicion vitrea (Tg) de un material es el rango de temperaturas donde ocurre la transicion entre un estado cauchoso y un estado vitreo, produciendose cambios que se ven reflejados en sus propiedades fisicoquimicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las curvas de transicion vitrea (Tg vs. Humedad de grano) de tres variedades uruguayas de arroz y evaluar si existen diferencias significativas entre ellas. Se estudia tambien la influencia de la humedad de cosecha (HC). Para ello, cada muestra de arroz se seca por diferentes periodos de tiempo para obtener humedades de grano (HG) en un rango entre 10% y 22% (en base humeda). A continuacion, se mide la Tg por calorimetria diferencial de barrido (DSC). Los resultados se comparan aplicando ANOVA y el test de Tukey. Se observo que la Tg aumenta a medida que disminuye la HG para las tres variedades estudiadas. Las curvas de transicion vitrea muestran que existen diferencias significativas entre las tres variedades en el rango de HG de 12% a 16%. La HC no afecto la Tg en todo el rango estudiado. Los resultados obtenidos pueden aplicarse para optimizar el proceso de secado del arroz, minimizando la formacion de fisuras.
APPLICATION OF PLAY-BASED LEARNING IN BIPA LEARNING:STUDY IN BAKONG PITTAYA SCHOOL, PATTANI-THAILAND

Abstract: The Implementation of Play-Based Learning on BIPA Learning: Study in the Elementary School of Bakong Pittaya, Pattani-Thailand. The purpose of this Classroom Action Research is to improve students' BIPA learning outcomes, especially vocabulary achievement and enjoyment level in class by implementing Play-Based Learning. The subjects are 40 students of Bakong Pittaya School, Pattani-Thailand. The result of the study showed that there was an improvement of students' vocabulary achievement and enjoyment . Keywords : Play-Based learning, BIPA, elementary school, ThailandAbstract: Penerapan Play-Based Learning pada Pembelajaran BIPA: Studi di Sekolah Dasar Bakong Pittaya, Pattani-Thailand. Tujuan dari Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan luaran pembelajaran BIPA, khususnya penguasaan kosakata dan rasa senang dalam kelas dengan menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis permainan. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 40 siswa sekolah dasar Bakong Pittaya School, Pattani-Thailand. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pada penguasaan kosakata siswa dan rasa senang. Keywords: Play-Based learning, BIPA, sekolah dasar, Thailand
Gigantic Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Scalp with Fibrosarcomatous Transformation

Here we are reporting this rare and unfortunate presentation of Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the scalp. The patient was a 30 years old male from a remote area, with history of 4 previous surgical interventions. He was transferred directly to our surgical ICU with septicemia; anuria; severe anemia; and respiratory failure. Patient had a massive fungating infected tumor on his scalp. CT scan shown a subcutaneous scalp tumor with maximum diameter of 45 cm and adherence to occipital bone but no intracranial invasion. The tumor kept bleeding whenever the blood pressure maintained to optimum level. Patient had to be taken to the O.R joined with Neurosurgeon in attempt of surgical control of bleeding by elevating the tumor from its bed. Unfortunately, patient collapsed intra-operatively and despite extensive attempts of resuscitation by Anesthesia team, patient could not be salvaged. The final pathology was DFSP with malignant sarcomata’s transformation. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest reported DFSP case in the Head and Neck region, in English literature.
Clinical prediction of outcomes in acute pancreatitis with various prognostic indicators and modified CTSI

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is the most common cause of patients presenting to the emergency department with pain abdomen. It is an inflammatory process of the pancreas that can range from mild inflammation to severe extensive pancreatic necrosis and multi-organ failure with mortality rates of 20% to 30%. Diagnosis can be difficult, because there is no pathognomic clinical presentation and no diagnostic gold standard. Material and Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology at Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center from December 2019 – August 2020 among 100 patients. Results: The total patients studied in this study were 100, which comprises of 93 males and 7 females. Among the male population the maximum age group is 41-50. Next comes the 31-40 which includes 30 patients. Among the female population the maximum age group is 41-50 which includes about 4 patients. In our study distribution of the SAP within and above the cut off value of the different prognostic scores. 11 patients with SAP had RANSONs score < 3 and 10 with SAP had RANSON score ≥ 3. 11 patients with SAP had APACHE II score of ≥8 whereas 10 had APACHE II score < 8. But only 8 patients with SAP had BISAP score < 3 and 13 SAP patients had BISAP score ≥ 3. MCTSI score in 11 SAP was < 4 and 10 patients with MCTSI had ≥ 4. Conclusion: BISAP score is simple and it is the better scoring system in predicting the prognosis when compared to other scores & MCTSI. BISAP score has many advantages when compared to other scoring systems.
Necrosis Pancreatic Infectious Virus does not block 701-STAT1 (α/β) tyrosine in Oncorhynchus mykiss (‎Salmoniformes: ‎Salmonidae).

Necrosis Pancreatic Infectious Virus does not block 701-STAT1 (α/β) tyrosine in Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a pathogen important that affects predominantly salmonids. The type I interferon alpha system has a crucial role in the first line of defense against IPNV infection. IFN-I(α) activation triggers the signaling pathway JAK-STAT, binding to their receptors results in the rapid phosphorylation of STATs a critical step for the nuclear translocation to induce the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). The relationship between infectivity level of IPNV strain and pathway signaling of IFN is yet poorly understood. Our purpose was to investigate if the IFN-I(α) signaling
Identidad ambiental, actitud y comportamiento de conservación de agua en una comunidad alto-andina del Perú

We investigated the environmental identity, attitude and behaviour of water conservation in inhabitants of a high Andean community in Peru (N=211) in order to determine the relationships between them. We applied the environmental identity scale and the questionnaire on water conservation attitudes and behaviour and proceeded to measure their correlations. A direct relationship was found between environmental identity, attitude and water conservation behaviour. The most significant correlation is between identity and behaviour, while the correlations between identity and attitude, attitude and behaviour, are moderate. On the other hand, the dimensions of environmental identity show significant positive correlations with attitude, while behaviour shows significant correlations with self-identification, positive emotions and the relevance of identity and ideology. Our findings indicate that environmental identity has a relationship with water conservation attitude. It was observed that, identity and/or connection with nature motivates people to protect and act in favour of it. Finally, the implications of pro-environmental behaviour on environmental identity and attitude to water conservation are discussed.
Hydrolysis and Photodegradation of Trifloxystrobin in Aqueous Solution

Hydrolysis of triffoxystrobin was investigated in pH 4-10 aqueous solutions at 25, 40 and 50 degrees C. Its photochemical experiments in acidic, neutral, alkaline solutions and 1-10 mg/L humic acid solutions were conducted. Trifloxystrobin hydrolytic rate was first-order with respect to hydroxide ion concentration. For each 10 temperature rising, the rate constant for hydrolysis increased 2-4 times. The photolytic T-1/2 of trifloxystrobin at pH 4, 7 and 9 was 13.0, 11.9 and 4.3 h, respectively. In the 1-10 mg/L humic acid solutions, the photodegradation rate constants corrected for light screening of trifloxystrbin were 0.0592-0.0577 h(-1), basically decreasing with the humic acid concentration increasing. It was concluded that in the aqueous solution, the key nucleophilic reaction partner was hydroxyl ions. Raise of temperature could accerlate hydrolysis of trifloxystrobin. The hydrolysis could accelerate the photolysis of trifloxystrobin and light screening had an effect on the photodegradation rate constants of trifloxystrobin.
Effects of temperature and equivalence ratio on mass balance and energy analysis in loblolly pine oxygen gasification

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature and equivalence ratios (ERs) on the distribution of products (primary gases carbon monoxide [CO], H2, CH4, CO2), gas phase contaminants (tar, NH3, HCN, H2S, HCl), char, carbon, and inorganics), and energy flows on an oxygen‐blown bubbling fluidized bed gasifier system using loblolly pine. The goal and value of this study was to provide quantitative and qualitative performance analysis and data for process engineering and optimization of these fledgling biomass conversion systems. As temperature and ER increased, mass balance closures also increased from 94.73% to 96.72% for temperature and 89.82–96.93% for ER. In addition, the carbon closures ranged from 80.77% to 92.29% and from 79.09% to 87.13% as temperature and ER increased, respectively. Carbon conversion efficiency to gas product ranged from 72.26% to 84.32% as temperature increased and from 72.26% to 84.66% as ER increased. Carbon flow analysis showed that the char product streams retained 10.26–6.94% and 8.82–2.13% of the carbon fed to the gasifier as temperature and ER increased, respectively. The carbon content in the liquid condensate was minimal compared to the carbon in other product streams and accounted for less than 0.1% of the carbon input to the gasifier at all conditions. The cold and hot gas efficiencies increased from 56.12% to 67.45% and from 67.51% to 83.83% as temperature increased due to higher production of CO and hydrogen (H2). In contrast, cold and hot gas efficiencies decreased from 63.85% to 52.84% and from 78.06% to 73.00% as ER increased, respectively, due to enhanced oxidation of gas products resulting in a net decrease in heating value.
Chairs!: A Mobile Game for Organic Chemistry Students To Learn the Ring Flip of Cyclohexane

The hallmark of game-based learning is that students discover concepts through trial and error as they play. With the digital landscape in higher education shifting to mobile-first, new tools for learning chemistry are both possible and needed. Interactive games for chemistry bring intuitive content directly to students through their devices. The game Chairs! was created to teach the ring flip of cyclohexane. The development of this new mobile learning tool for organic chemistry and its implementation in classrooms are described.