Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of Factor VIII by Murine Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells*

Factor VIII (fVIII) is the procoagulant plasma glycoprotein that is missing or decreased in hemophilia A. The cellular origin of fVIII synthesis is controversial. Liver transplantation cures hemophilia A, demonstrating that the liver is a major site of fVIII synthesis. We detected fVIII mRNA in purified populations of murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes, but not Kupffer cells. LSECs and hepatocytes contained comparable numbers of fVIII mRNA (40 and 70 transcripts per cell, respectively) by quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. There was not detectable mRNA for factor IX, a hepatocyte marker, in the LSEC preparation, nor was there detectable mRNA for von Willebrand factor, an endothelial cell marker, in the hepatocyte preparation. This excludes the possibility that detectable fVIII mRNA is due to cross-contamination in the hepatocyte or LSEC preparations. Primary cultures of LSECs were established in which fVIII mRNA levels were indistinguishable from purified LSECs. LSECs secreted active fVIII into the culture medium. This finding represents the first demonstration of homologous expression of fVIII mRNA and protein in cell culture and should facilitate studies of fVIII gene regulation. Additionally, LSECs potentially are targets for a fVIII transgene during gene therapy of hemophilia A.
Induction of a G1-S checkpoint in fission yeast

Entry into S phase is carefully regulated and, in most organisms, under the control of a G1-S checkpoint. We have previously described a G1-S checkpoint in fission yeast that delays formation of the prereplicative complex at chromosomal replication origins after exposure to UV light (UVC). This checkpoint absolutely depends on the Gcn2 kinase. Here, we explore the signal for activation of the Gcn2-dependent G1-S checkpoint in fission yeast. If some form of DNA damage can activate the checkpoint, deficient DNA repair should affect the length of the checkpoint-induced delay. We find that the cell-cycle delay differs in repair-deficient mutants from that in wild-type cells. However, the duration of the delay depends not only on the repair capacity of the cells, but also on the nature of the repair deficiency. First, the delay is abolished in cells that are deficient in the early steps of repair. Second, the delay is prolonged in repair mutants that fail to complete repair after the incision stage. We conclude that the G1-S delay depends on damage to the DNA and that the activating signal derives not from the initial DNA damage, but from a repair intermediate(s). Surprisingly, we find that activation of Gcn2 does not depend on the processing of DNA damage and that activated Gcn2 alone is not sufficient to delay entry into S phase in UVC-irradiated cells. Thus, the G1-S delay depends on at least two different inputs.
Supervised versus Unsupervised Categorization: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Supervised and unsupervised categorization have been studied in separate research traditions. A handful of studies have attempted to explore a possible convergence between the two. The present research builds on these studies, by comparing the unsupervised categorization results of Pothos et al. (2011; Pothos et al., 2008) with the results from two procedures of supervised categorization. In two experiments, we tested 375 participants with nine different stimulus sets and examined the relation between ease of learning of a classification, memory for a classification, and spontaneous preference for a classification. After taking into account the role of the number of category labels (clusters) in supervised learning, we found the three variables to be closely associated with each other. Our results provide encouragement for researchers seeking unified theoretical explanations for supervised and unsupervised categorization, but raise a range of challenging theoretical questions.
Prevention of Dental Caries-Measures beyond Fluoride

Dental caries is one of the most common infectious microbial diseases. It is rightly said that prevention is better than cure. Various steps in prevention of dental caries have been taken, fluoride being the most common among them. Various non- fluoride agents are also present which helps in prevention of dental caries. Various agents like, arginine, plant extracts, sucrose free polyol gums, probiotics, novamin, Dentrifrices, antimicrobials, CPP- ACP etc are commonly used in prevention of dental caries. This paper reviews about these non-fluoride agents in the prevention of dental caries.
A method to improve the image enhancement result based on image fusion

Image enhancement can improve the perception of information. An image taken from a real scene can be divided into several regions according to the need for enhancement. One particular enhancement method improves some regions and actually deteriorates the other regions which have no need for such enhancement or any enhancement at all. This paper proposes a method to improve the enhancement result with image fusion method with evaluation on sharpness. Several different evaluation methods and fusion policies are discussed and compared. The experiment results show that the fusion improves the enhancement results.
Partial Discharge Detection and Recognition in Random Matrix Theory Paradigm

The detection and recognition of partial discharge (PD) is an important topic in insulation tests and diagnoses. Take advantage of the affluent results from random matrix theory (RMT), such as eigenvalue analysis, M-P law, the ring law, and so on, a novel methodology in RMT paradigm is proposed for fast PD pulse detection in this paper. Furthermore, a scheme of time series modeling as random matrix is also proposed to extend RMT for applications with non-Gaussian noise context. Based on that, the eigenvalue distribution property is used for PD pattern recognition, which is completely new compared with traditional phase resolved PD and time-resolved PD methods. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed methods are efficient, reliable, and feasible for PD detection and recognition especially for online applications.
A model for biological dynamic networks

The main aim of this paper is to introduce a mathematical framework to study stochastically evolving networks. More precisely, we provide a common language and suitable tools to study systematically the probability distribution of topological characteristics, which, in turn, play a key role in applications, especially for biological networks. The latter is possible via suitable definition of a random network process and new results for graph isomorphism, which, under suitable generic assumptions, can be stated in terms of the graph walk matrix and computed in polynomial time.
Technique of Topographical mapping of FDI muscle response after Single pulse TMS stimulation: A method to study inter hemispheric symmetry and plasticity of human motor cortex

The aim of this study was to investigate the technique of Topographical mapping of first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle response after Single pulse Trans cranial Magnetic stimulation (TMS), in a single normal subject, to study inter hemispheric symmetry of plasticity of motor cortex. TMS induced motor evoked potential (MEP) over an area of motor cortex was mapped in two dimensional space using pseudo colour. This is a simple technique which gives a qualitative as well as quantitative idea of brain excitability. Using this technique, a map of MEP of FDI for a normal individual was created followed by mapping of same individual after continuous theta bust stimulation (cTBS) and intermittent theta bust stimulation (iTBS), to induce plasticity of motor cortex. The scope of this technique to examine inter hemispheric symmetry of plasticity of motor cortex of human brain is discussed.
Vascular Functions of NADPH Oxidases

NADPH oxidases belong to a group of enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron transfer from NADPH to molecular oxygen. The product of this reaction is the superoxide anion (O2−), which undergoes secondary reactions. O2− inactivates NO to yield peroxynitrite and spontaneously or under catalysis of superoxide dismutases reacts to hydrogen peroxide. NADPH oxidases, therefore, limit vascular NO availability and facilitate reactions involving ROS.1 It is now well understood that endothelial dysfunction is largely a consequence of NADPH oxidase activation, as well as of complex secondary reactions that involve different types of ROS. Peroxynitrite oxidizes the NO synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin and stimulates kinases, which both lead to uncoupling of the endothelial NO synthase. NO and O2− may also affect gene expression, and, in particular, NADPH oxidase–derived hydrogen peroxide has been shown to be important in this respect. In addition to the stress-mediated ROS-stimulated gene expression, hydrogen peroxide transiently or irreversibly oxidizes biological materials and, therefore, has complex effects on signaling that are still incompletely elucidated.1 Although the initial work on NADPH oxidases focused on its role for gene expression and endothelial dysfunction at large, the research of recent years aimed at the identification of specific NADPH oxidase–dependent signaling pathways, the understanding of the role of the enzymes in individual disease entities, the identification of NADPH oxidase inhibitors, and finally the demonstration of a relevance of NADPH oxidases in human cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, it is now known that patients with chronic granulomatous disease, which results from loss-of-function mutations of the NADPH oxidase, have an increased vascular NO availability and reduced vascular levels of footprint markers of ROS formation.2 This important observation provided a direct link between NADPH oxidase and endothelial function in humans. Chronic granulomatous disease, however, is too rare …
Defective C-Type Retrovirus Particles Secreted by Li 2i 0 Leukemia Cells1

Md . ) new born mice of 0.i ml of culture fluid containing 30 to 100 ng of virus-associated p30 per ml. Mice were killed at i or 2 months of age and assayed for viremia by radioimmunoas say for p30. Virus was purified from clarified cell supernatants by pelleting through 15% sucrose in 0.i5 M NaCI, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.01 M Tris-HCI (pH 7.4) at 100,000 x g for i hr. Virus from pellets, resuspended in the same medium, was banded in linear i 5 to 45% sucrose gradients in an SW27 rotor at 25,000 rpm for i5 hr. Pooled virus bands were stored at 4Â° in isopyknic sucrose to prevent putative loss of gp7O by freezing and thawing (i7, i8). Virus was also purified by 1210leukemiacells(L1210)havebeenfound cells displayed gp7O on their surfaces that appeared to be of larger molecular weight than gp7O'sfrom most ecotropic viruses. Cells grown In vitro released a high level of non-virion-associ atedgp7Ointothe growthmedium,butthe highconcentra tionof gp7Ointhe serumof normalDBA/2miceprecluded such measurements on In vlvo-cultured cells. These re suitsindicatethat L1210virusdoes notact as a classical Infectious leukemia virus during growth of L1210 cells, but the presenceof relativelylargeamountsof viral antigens inthesecellsmayaffectthe immuneresponseto them.
Acetyl derivate of quercetin increases the sensitivity of human leukemia cells toward apoptosis

The hydroxyl groups of flavonoids are important for their bioactive functions and also prone to oxidation to quinones. To block the potential oxidation of quercetin, and generate a stronger bioactive compound, we synthesized acetyl and methyl derivatives of quercetin, 3,7,3′,4′‐O‐tetraacetylquercetin (4Ac‐Q) and 3,7,3′,4′‐O‐tetramethylquercetin (4Me‐Q), which substituted the hydroxyl groups of quercetin with acetyl or methyl groups at the 3,7,3′,4′ positions of quercetin, and then evaluated the ability to cause cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HL‐60 cells. The results revealed that 4Ac‐Q and quercetin, but not 4Me‐Q, significantly inhibit cell proliferation by caspase‐mediated apoptosis when characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase‐3 and PARP cleavage while 4Me‐Q lost this ability. Interestingly, 4Ac‐Q revealed stronger apoptotic activity than parent quercetin via a ROS‐independent pathway. These findings provide a valuable strategy to increase the sensitivity of human leukemia HL‐60 cells toward apoptosis by modifying quercetin structure. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Evolution of radiation-induced brain injury: MR imaging-based study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the temporal lobes in patients previously treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma to provide a better understanding of delayed radiation-induced injury in the brain unaffected by the underlying tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of the patient data was approved by the local ethics committee. Informed consent was waived. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging results in patients with temporal lobe injury (TLI) after receiving radiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed. The appearance and change over time of white matter lesions (WMLs), contrast material-enhanced lesions, and cysts were assessed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare interval time, and the chi(2) and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the pattern of TLI changes. RESULTS The study group was 124 patients (95 men, 29 women; mean age, 51.4 years) with 192 injured temporal lobes; 62 of these patients with 103 injured temporal lobes underwent follow-up MR imaging at least once (range, one to five examinations). A total of 332 injured temporal lobes were revealed. WMLs, contrast-enhanced lesions, and cysts were present on 332 (100%), 274 (82.5%), and 42 (12.7%) studies, respectively. All contrast-enhanced lesions more than 2 cm in size showed necrosis, and those 3 cm or greater formed a rim-enhanced necrotic mass. WMLs were the only lesion to occur alone, contrast-enhanced lesions were always accompanied by WMLs, and cysts were always accompanied by WMLs and contrast-enhanced lesions. Detection of cysts was significantly later than detection of WMLs and contrast-enhanced lesions (P <.01). Regression or resolution was found in 27 (28%) of 96 WMLs, 37 (39%) of 94 contrast-enhanced lesions, and one (7%) of 15 cysts. CONCLUSION TLI from radiation is not always an irreversible and progressive process but is one that can regress or resolve at MR imaging. In the evolution of radiation injury, WMLs are seen first and are followed by contrast-enhanced lesions, which have an increasing tendency to become necrotic with increasing size. Cysts are the least frequent manifestation and arise in the late stage of TLI.
Influence of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Sleep: Pittsburgh SleepSCORE Project

Objective: To examine the independent and interactive effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on objective indices and self-reports of sleep. Methods: The sleep of 187 adults (41% black; mean age = 59.5 ± 7.2 years) was examined. Nine nights of actigraphy and two nights of inhome polysomnography (PSG) were used to assess average sleep duration, continuity, and architecture; self-report was used to assess sleep quality. Psychosocial factors, health behaviors, and environmental factors were also measured. Results: Blacks had shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency, as measured by actigraphy and PSG, and they spent less time proportionately in Stage 3–4 sleep, compared with others (p < .01). Lower SES was associated with longer actigraphy-measured latency, more wake after sleep onset as measured by PSG, and poorer sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (p < .05). Conclusions: Blacks and perhaps individuals in lower SES groups may be at risk for sleep disturbances and associated health consequences. SES = socioeconomic status; PSG = polysomnography; WASO = wake after sleep onset; HeartSCORE = Heart Strategies Concentrating On Risk Evaluation; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; EOG = electro-oculogram; EMG = electromyogram; ECG = electrocardiogram; REM = rapid eye movement; AHI = apnea/hypopnea index; BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; STAI = Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory; Ho = Cook-Medley Hostility Scale; SEI = Sleep Environment Inventory.
lants from the Brazilian Traditional Medicine : species from the ooks of the Polish physician Piotr Czerniewicz

The Brazilian flora is very rich in medicinal plants, and much information about the traditional use of the Brazilian plants is only available from early literature and we are facing a rapid process of loss of biodiversity. To retrieve data about useful plants registered in the books of the Polish physicist P.L. N. Chernoviz, who lived in Brazil for 15 years in the 19th century. The aim is to improve our knowledge about Brazilian plants, and to ensure the benefits of sharing it with potential users. Data about Brazilian plants were obtained from six editions of the book Formulary and Medical Guide (Formulário e Guia Médico), published in 1864, 1874, 1888, 1892, 1897 and 1920. All this information was then organized in boxes, and correlated with pharmacological studies from PubMed and Lilacs. A total of 238 species were recorded and 117 different traditional uses were registered for the plants. The most common uses were to treat general skin diseases and intermittent fevers, as purgative, diuretics and andidiarrheal. From the total, only 61 species (25.6%) have been to date subject to pharmacological studies and had their activities confirmed. Chernoviz books represent an important source of data about plants used in traditional medicine of Brazil. Their records were collected at a time when Brazil’s native vegetation was still largely intact, and traditional medicine was practiced based on native plants. We argue that these plants must be prioritized in development of medicines, submitting them to clinical studies or by considering their traditionality, as established by WHO. Strategies for the protection of the traditional knowledge are also necessary. © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Spanish Black Radish (Raphanus Sativus L. Var. niger) Diet Enhances Clearance of DMBA and Diminishes Toxic Effects on Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells

Cruciferae vegetable contain high levels of chemopreventative glucosinolates. Spanish black radishes (SBR) are unique crucifers that contain 4X more glucosinolates than other crucifers, such as broccoli. This study examined whether feeding mice a diet containing 20 % Spanish black radish for two weeks prior to treatment with the carcinogen 7, 12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) could enhance metabolism of this carcinogen and inhibit the DMBA‐mediated bone marrow toxicity. Expression of Phase I and Phase II detoxification enzymes was significantly greater for mice on SBR diet. The blood levels of DMBA in SBR‐fed mice were significantly lower than those on control diets. DMBA significantly reduced BM cells of mice fed control diet, whereas mice on the SBR diet showed diminished effect. Colony forming assays demonstrated that mice on the SBR diet had significantly: 1) less reduction in lymphoid CFU‐preB progenitor cells, 2) greater recovery of CFU‐preB progenitor cells, and 3) less reduction of CFU‐GM progenitor cells. Therefore, mice fed a 20% SBR diet for two weeks had higher expression of detoxification enzymes, faster metabolism of DMBA and a reduction in DMBA‐induced bone marrow toxicity.
The Effects of Pycnogenol® as Add‐on Drug to Metformin Therapy in Diabetic Rats

The progression of diabetes mellitus leads in time to the development of serious cardiovascular complications. Pycnogenol® (PYC) belongs to strong antioxidants that may interfere with different pathways playing an important role in diseases associated with oxidative stress. Metformin (MET), commonly used antidiabetic drug, has cardio‐protective effects via activation of AMP kinase (AMPK). In our study, we examined the effects of PYC as add‐on drug to metformin therapy in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Our results revealed that both used agents, PYC and MET, showed improvement of blood glucose levels, vascular reactivity, left ventricular hypertrophy, expression of AMPK, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in left ventricle of the hearts. However, the combination of these interventions has failed to possess higher efficacy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To Improve Fault Tolerance in Mobile Distributed System

: Distributed system is a system which is heterogeneous in nature and better than centralized systems. There are some issues in distributed systems like fault tolerance, scalability, openness etc. In this paper we focused to improve the fault tolerance of the mobile distributed system so that it will take less time for execution when one node moves from its position as compared to other systems.
Early effects of carbachol on the morphology of motor endplates of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers

Long‐term disturbance of the calcium homeostasis of motor endplates (MEPs) causes necrosis of muscle fibers. The onset of morphological changes in response to this disturbance, particularly in relation to the fiber type, is presently unknown. Omohyoid muscles of mice were incubated for 1–30 minutes in 0.1 mM carbachol, an acetylcholine agonist that causes an inward calcium current. In these muscles, the structural changes of the sarcomeres and the MEP sarcoplasm were evaluated at the light‐ and electron‐microscopic level. Predominantly in type I fibers, carbachol incubation resulted in strong contractures of the sarcomeres underlying the MEPs. Owing to these contractures, the usual beret‐like form of the MEP‐associated sarcoplasm was deformed into a mushroom‐like body. Consequently, the squeezed MEPs partially overlapped the adjacent muscle fiber segments. There are no signs of contractures below the MEPs if muscles were incubated in carbachol in calcium‐free Tyrode's solution. Carbachol induced inward calcium current and produced fiber‐type–specific contractures. This finding points to differences in the handling of calcium in MEPs. Possible mechanisms for these fiber‐type–specific differences caused by carbachol‐induced calcium entry are assessed. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Correlation and Dependency in Risk Management

Modern risk management calls for an understanding of stochastic dependence going beyond simple linear correlation. This paper deals with the static (nontime-dependent) case and emphasizes the copula representation of dependence for a random vector. Linear correlation is a natural dependence measure for multivariate normally and, more generally, elliptically distributed risks but other dependence concepts like comonotonicity and rank correlation should also be understood by the risk management practitioner. Using counterexamples the falsity of some commonly held views on correlation is demonstrated; in general, these fallacies arise from the naive assumption that dependence properties of the elliptical world also hold in the non-elliptical world. In particular, the problem of finding multivariate models which are consistent with prespecified marginal distributions and correlations is addressed. Pitfalls are highlighted and simulation algorithms avoiding these problems are constructed.
Long noncoding RNAs in mammalian cells: what, where, and why?

Not all long, polyadenylated cellular RNAs encode polypeptides. In recent years, it has become apparent that a number of organisms express abundant amounts of transcripts that lack open reading frames or that are retained in the nucleus. Rather than accumulating silently in the cell, we now know that many of these long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in nuclear architecture or in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we discuss some recent progress in our understanding of the functions of a number of important lncRNAs in mammalian cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.