Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependence of antibody-mediated presentation of antigen on FcRn

The neonatal Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn) is a distant member of the MHC class I protein family. It binds IgG and albumin in a pH-dependent manner and protects these from catabolism by diverting them from a degradative fate in lysosomes. In addition, FcRn-mediated IgG transport across epithelial barriers is responsible for the transmission of IgG from mother to infant and can also enhance IgG-mediated antigen uptake across mucosal epithelia. We now show a previously undescribed role for FcRn in mediating the presentation of antigens by dendritic cells when antigens are present as a complex with antibody by uniquely directing multimeric immune complexes, but not monomeric IgG, to lysosomes.
Randomized Subspace Descent

We develop a generalization of randomized coordinate descent for smooth convex problems, where the coordinates specify arbitrary subspaces, and derive standard O(1/ ) and O(1/ log ) rates. For the special case of overlapping 2-block subspaces (i.e. graphs), which has received attention in the literature recently, we derive a convergence rate on a given graph in terms of its algebraic connectivity. Using this connection, we introduce bounds for graph topologies not previously considered. We conclude with preliminary progress toward the interesting open question: what is the best network structure for a given optimization problem?
Recent developments in the treatment of older individuals with acute myeloid leukemia: 2014

Purpose of reviewThe treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older persons remains a tremendous clinical challenge. AML in older patients is more often associated with biologically unfavorable features, and these patients are less likely to tolerate or accept intensive therapy. There have not been substantial improvements in outcome for this group of patients despite decades of research. In this review, we summarize the most substantial contributions in the past 2 years. Recent findingsThere have been three major research themes in the recently published literature for older patients with AML: methods to predict response to therapy, models to predict toxicity of therapy in older, less-fit patients, and investigation of novel agents for AML patients with either newly diagnosed or relapsed disease. An unexpected recent finding has been the observation that complete remission in this disease may not necessarily translate into an overall survival advantage, and conversely, survival benefit has been demonstrated without any improvement in complete remission. SummaryAlthough anthracycline and cytarabine-based therapy remains the standard of care for older patients with AML, this option remains suboptimal for the vast majority of patients. We argue for a national research agenda that may help to accelerate progress for older people with AML.
Testing a Particle Filter to Reconstruct Climate Changes over the Past Centuries

We implement a data-assimilation method based on a particle filter in the coupled climate model LEVECLIM focusing on decadal to centennial time scales. Several tests are performed with particle filtering using pseudo-observations obtained from a twin experiment with the model, as well as using real-data observations over the last century. These tests demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a model output well correlated with the observations at the large scale at a reasonable cost
We're not in Kansas Anymore, Toto: Mapping the Strange Landscape of Complexity Theory, and Its Relationship to Project Management

Both practitioners and researchers in the field of project management have referred to problems caused by complexity or problems of particular significance to complex projects. In different scientific disciplines investigations into the behavior of complex dynamical systems are revealing insights that, taken together, amount to a challenge to the prevalent Cartesian/Newtonian/Enlightenment paradigm from which the practice of project management has emerged. Concepts such as nonlinearity, emergence, self-organization, and radical unpredictability have major implications for the uncodified paradigm that underpins project management practice and research. Taken together, they amount to a complementary way of thinking and talking about projects and their management that might shed new light on intractable problems that appear to plague certain areas of project management practice. One strand within complexity studies that holds particular promise is complex responsive processes of relating, a means of talking about how human beings interact and learn and how their interactions evolve over time and across space. A new program of research, of which this paper forms part, will apply this conceptual framework to the lived experience of project teams, including executive sponsors, project managers and project team members.
The End of Market Discipline? Investor Expectations of Implicit State Guarantees

We find that bondholders of major financial institutions have an expectation that the government will shield them from losses and, as a result, they do not accurately price risk. While bond credit spreads are sensitive to risk for most financial institutions, credit spreads lack risk sensitivity for the largest institutions. This expectation of public support constitutes a subsidy to large financial institutions, allowing them to borrow at government-subsidized rates. The implicit subsidy provided large institutions an annual funding cost advantage of approximately 28 basis points on average over the 1990-2010 period, peaking at more than 120 basis points in 2009. The total value of the subsidy amounted to about $20 billion per year, topping $100 billion in 2009. Passage of Dodd-Frank did not eliminate expectations of government support. The cost of this implicit insurance could be internalized by imposing a corrective tax. Requiring financial institutions to shoulder the full cost of their debt would help create a more stable and efficient financial system.
Psychosocial characteristics of inner‐city children with asthma: A description of the NCICAS psychosocial protocol

Previous research has demonstrated a significant reciprocal relationship between psychosocial factors and asthma morbidity in children. The National Cooperative Inner‐City Asthma Study investigated both asthma‐specific and non‐specific psychosocial variables, including asthma knowledge beliefs and management behavior, caregiver and child adjustment, life stress, and social support. This article presents these psychosocial characteristics in 1,528 4–9‐year‐old asthmatic urban children and their caretakers.
Longer telomeres associated with higher survival in birds

Differences in individual quality and survival within species are a major focus in evolutionary ecology, but we know very little about the underlying physiological mechanisms that determine these differences. Telomere shortening associated with cellular senescence and ageing may be one such mechanism. To date, however, there is little evidence linking telomere length and survival. Here, we show that tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) with relatively short telomeres at the age of 1 year have lower survival than tree swallows of the same age with relatively long telomeres. The survival advantage in the long telomere group continues for at least three breeding seasons. It will be important to identify mechanisms that link telomere length with survival early in life.
Convergence to Global Optimality with Sequential Bayesian Sampling Policies

We consider Bayesian information collection, in which a measurement policy collects information to support a future decision. This framework includes problems in ranking and selection, reinforcement learning, and continuous global optimization. We give sufficient conditions under which measurement policies achieve asymptotically minimal expected loss. Achieving asymptotically minimal expected loss implies that the sequence of decisions believed to be the best under successive posterior distributions converges almost surely to the set of globally optimal decisions. This condition is most useful for adaptive sequential sampling policies, which often perform better than nonadaptive policies, but whose convergence is often difficult to confirm by other means. We apply these sufficient conditions to show convergence to global optimality for three previously proposed ranking and selection policies: OCBA for linear loss, LL(S), and LL1. We also show how this sufficient condition may be applied to knowledge-gradient policies.
Geo-climate effects on asthma and allergic diseases in adults in Turkey: results of PARFAIT study

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of geo-climatic factors on the prevalence of allergic diseases in the adult population in Turkey. A total of 25,843 questionnaires using data from parents of 25,843 primary schoolchildren from 14 cities were evaluated. Mean annual temperature was significantly associated with the prevalence of asthma and wheezing in both sexes [respectively; OR: 1.008 (95% CI: 1.003–1.011) and OR: 1.012 (1.006–1.018 in males), OR: 1.007 (1.003–1.012) and OR: 1.01 (1.002–1.018) in females]. In addition, it was associated with eczema in females [OR: 1.007 (1.001–1.012)]. Asthma in females was associated with mean annual humidity in the air [OR: 1.001 (1.000–1.002)]. Annual number of days with snow is associated with wheezing in both sexes [respectively, OR: 1.001 (1.000–1.002) in males and OR: 1.002 (1.000–1.003) in females]. Protective measures could come into priority in certain areas of the country. Allergic diseases may increase as a cause of climate change in the future.
Energy efficiency rate optimization of bracing robot

This paper researches on finding better position in motion control of robot with elbow attaching to environment as a bracing, where the robots hand is required to track a desired trajectory and to maximum energy efficiency. Considering that human can do accurate task with small powers by contacting elbow or wrist on a table, we thought that manipulators can save energy and do a task more precisely like human by bracing itself. Therefore this paper discusses the motion equation of robot under bracing condition, based on the robot's dynamics with constraint condition including the motor's dynamics. Then, we evaluate the performance from the two points of view, energy efficiency and trajectory tracking accuracy, the best position of contacting point has been found by simulations.
REVIEW: The role of hCG in reproductive medicine

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) has an essential role in early pregnancy and is of fundamental importance in obstetrics and gynaecology. hCG measurement is used for early pregnancy testing and monitoring, biochemical prenatal screening and the assessment of gestational trophoblastic disease. hCG is used therapeutically to induce final oocyte maturation prior to oocyte retrieval for IVF/ ICSI and recombinant hCG has recently been developed (Table 1). This review will relate to early pregnancy complications and reproductive medicine practice and will not deal in detail with its measurement in prenatal trisomy screening. Before considering the pathophysiological conditions that may lead to abnormalities of hCG synthesis and secretion, the expression and structure of both hCG and the hCG/LH receptor will be described. hCG is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family also comprising the pituitary derived follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Each hormone consists of a non-covalently bound aand h-subunits where within a species the a-subunit is identical and hormone specificity is determined by the unique h-subunit.
New developments in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Purpose of review Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were a poorly defined and understood entity. The application of better study designs and new research methodologies has shed considerable light on the pathogenesis of this common clinical syndrome. Recent findings Inflammation is an important component of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and exacerbations probably represent acute increases in airway inflammation brought about by one or more etiological agents. Environmental particulate and gaseous pollutants have been linked in epidemiological studies with increased respiratory symptoms and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bacterial, viral and atypical pathogens, either alone or in concert, induce the majority of acute exacerbations. Summary A bacterial cause of a substantial proportion of exacerbations is now firmly established by the results of bronchoscopy, molecular epidemiology, immunology and airway inflammation studies. Future research should focus on pathogenic mechanisms and host defence against the microbial pathogens associated with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in order to develop better treatment and prevention strategies.
On power-sharing of solar-based hybrid motor-drive systems

In this paper, a solar-based hybrid adjustable-speed pump, which has been developed in the laboratory, is used to investigate the power-sharing in hybrid (dual-input) motor-drive systems. The laboratory test setup contains a DC-DC module connected to the DC-bus capacitors of a 2.5hp 230V PWM-based adjustable-speed motor-drive. The experimental results demonstrate that the power-sharing of a Photovoltaic (PV) array/DC-DC converter is not a function of motor speed in hybrid solar-based motor-drives, as long as the power contribution of the AC-grid stays above zero. In these conditions, the PV-DC-DC module behaves like a current source, and the dynamic behavior of the motor is decoupled from the dynamic behavior of the AC-grid, given that the PV-DC-DC module can provide the motor load.
Joint multicast and unicast beamforming for the MISO downlink interference channel

In this paper, we consider the joint multicast and unicast beamforming design problem in the multi-input single-output downlink wireless network, where all base stations (BSs) potentially can cooperate (as a single virtual BS) to transmit a common multicast and multiple dedicated unicast data streams at the same time on the same frequency band. To reduce cooperation overhead (among different BSs), we prefer partial cooperation transmission such that each user's data stream (either multicast or unicast) is served by only a small subset of BSs. We formulate the problem from a (group) sparse optimization perspective and propose a branch-and-bound (BB) algorithm for solving the problem. Our proposed BB algorithm is guaranteed to find the globally optimal solution of the problem. We also propose an efficient successive linear approximation (SLA) algorithm for solving the problem. Numerical results show that the SLA algorithm can perform very close to the BB algorithm but with significantly less computational complexity. It is also shown that the proposed mixed ℓ2/ℓ1 regularizer in the sparse formulation provides a flexible and effective tradeoff between the total transmission power cost and the cooperation cost.
Second Order and Stability Analysis for Optimal Sparse Control of the FitzHugh-Nagumo Equation

Optimal sparse control problems are considered for the FitzHugh--Nagumo system including the so-called Schlogl model. The nondifferentiable objective functional of tracking type includes a quadratic Tikhonov regularization term and the $L^1$-norm of the control that accounts for the sparsity. Though the objective functional is not differentiable, a theory of second order sufficient optimality conditions is established for Tikhonov regularization parameter $\nu>0$ and also for the case $\nu = 0$. In this context, also local minima are discussed that are strong in the sense of the calculus of variations. The second order conditions are used as the main assumption for proving the stability of locally optimal solutions with respect to $\nu \to 0$ and with respect to perturbations of the desired state functions. The theory is confirmed by numerical examples that are resolved with high precision to confirm that the optimal solution obeys the system of necessary optimality conditions.
Evaluation of Maxim module-Integrated electronics at the DOE Regional Test Centers

Module-embedded power electronics developed by Maxim Integrated are under evaluation through a partnership with the Department of Energy's Regional Test Center (RTC) program. Field deployments of both conventional modules and electronics-enhanced modules are designed to quantify the performance advantage of Maxim's products under different amounts of interrow shading, and their ability to be deployed at a greater ground-coverage ratio than conventional modules. Simulations in PVSYST have quantified the predicted performance difference between conventional modules and Maxim's modules from interrow shading. Initial performance results have identified diffuse irradiance losses at tighter row spacing for both the Maxim and conventional modules. Comparisons with published models show good agreement with models predicting the greatest diffuse irradiance losses. At tighter row spacing, all of the strings equipped with embedded power electronics outperformed their conventional peers. An even greater performance advantage is predicted to occur in the winter months when the amount of interrow shading mismatch is at a maximum.
Diagnostic delay in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Abstract—Delay to diagnosis was studied in 313 consecutive patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). On average, patients with PNES were diagnosed 7.2 years after manifestation (SD 9.3 years). Younger age, interictal epileptiform potentials in the EEG, and anticonvulsant treatment were associated with longer delays. Other patient factors did not explain the great variability of the time to diagnosis, suggesting that physician factors contributed to delays.
Perioperative risk factors for anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy: influence of thoracic epidural analgesia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy is associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality. The most important predisposing factors for anastomotic leaks are ischemia of the gastric conduit and low blood oxygen content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on the incidence of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING A thoracic surgery and anesthesia department in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS Two hundred seven patients who underwent one-stage esophagectomy between 1998 and 2003. INTERVENTIONS The effects of perioperative factors and postoperative complications on the incidence of anastomotic leakage were analyzed. Leakage was defined as an anastomotic disruption detected by an ionic x-ray contrast study and confirmed by upper endoscopy in the postoperative period. Analyzed factors included effective TEA placed before the surgical procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Anastomotic leakage occurred in 23 patients (11%). This complication was associated with a significant increase in length of stay in the ICU and in the hospital (mean, 19 +/- 16 days vs 9 +/- 7 days [+/- SD], p = 0.008; and 43 +/- 27 days vs 23 +/- 11 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Mortality in patients presenting anastomotic leakage was 26%, compared with 5.4% in the remainder (p = 0.002). Factors independently associated with the incidence of leakage included estimated blood loss per milliliter during the surgical procedure (odds ratio [OR], 1.004; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001 to 1.007), the cervical location for anastomosis (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 22.9), and the development of an ARDS in the postoperative period (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.6 to 176.5). Ninety-three patients benefited from an effective TEA for 4.4 +/- 0.8 days. The use of TEA was independently associated with a decrease in the incidence of anastomotic leakage (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.71). CONCLUSIONS The results of this retrospective study suggest that TEA is associated with a decrease in occurrence of anastomotic leakage.
EGF‐stimulation activates the nuclear localization signal of SHP‐1

Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 plays a critical role in the regulation of a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. SHP‐1 is predominantly expressed in the cells of hematopoietic origin, and is recognized as a negative regulator of lymphocyte development and activation. SHP‐1 consists of two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and one protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domain followed by a highly basic C‐terminal tail containing tyrosyl phosphorylation sites. It is unclear how the C‐terminal tail regulates SHP‐1 function. We report the examination of the subcellular localization of a variety of truncated or mutated SHP‐1 proteins fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) protein at either the N‐terminal or the C‐terminal end in different cell lines. Our data demonstrate that a nuclear localization signal (NLS) is located in the C‐terminal tail of SHP‐1 and the signal is primarily defined by three amino‐acid residues (KRK) at the C‐terminus. This signal is generally blocked in the native protein and can be exposed by fusing EGFP at the appropriate position or by domain truncation. We have also revealed that this NLS of SHP‐1 is triggered by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation and mediates translocation of SHP‐1 from the cytosol to the nucleus in COS7 cell lines. These results not only demonstrate the importance of the C‐terminal tail of SHP‐1 in the regulation of nuclear localization, but also provide insights into its role in SHP‐1‐involved signal transduction pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 944–953, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward Multiphase Flow Decomposition Based on Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensors

We describe an approach, based on electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensors, to decompose and continuously monitor multiphase flow components (fractional areas or volumes) in mixtures containing conducting phases. The proposed approach exploits the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effect at distinct frequencies to reconstruct each phase of a multiphase flow and is also utilized to estimate the fractional volume of the various phases of the mixture. The approach is illustrated for a three-phase mixture composed of air, water, and oil. This approach utilizes the very same ECT measurement apparatus used for flow imaging and, as such, inherits its high speed of acquisition and suitability for real-time operation.
u, a novel g-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit

ABSTRACT g -Aminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) recep-tors are a major mediator of inhibitory neurotransmission in themammalian central nervous system, and the site of action of anumber of clinically important drugs. These receptors exist as afamily of subtypes with distinct temporal and spatial patterns ofexpression and distinct properties that presumably underlie aprecise role for each subtype. The newest member of this genefamily is the u subunit. The deduced polypeptide sequence is 627amino acids long and has highest sequence identity (50.5%) withthe b 1subunit.Withintheratstriatum,thissubunitcoassembleswith a 2, b 1, and g 1, suggesting that g -aminobutyric acid type Areceptors consisting of arrangements other than ab1 g , d ,or « do exist. Expression of a 2 b 1 g 1 u in transfected mammaliancells leads to the formation of receptors with a 4-fold decrease inthe affinity for g -aminobutyric acid compared with a 2 b 1 g 1.This subunit has a unique distribution, with studies so farsuggesting significant expression within monoaminergic neu-rons of both human and monkey brain.