Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Camel's Milk Protects against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Toxicity in the Liver and Kidney of White Albino Rats

Problem statement: Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is commonly used in daily life but it can be potentially toxic. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of camel’s milk against aluminum-induced biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of white albino rats. Approach: White albino male rats (230-250 g) were divided into three groups of 10 rats: a control group treated with normal saline, the AlCl3-treated group and the camel’s milk-AlCl3-treated group. The AlCl3 treated group received 0.5 mg kg-1 of AlCl3 orally. The camel’s milk-AlCl3-treated group was fed 1 mL of fresh camel’s milk 10 minutes prior to the administration of oral AlCl3. All rats were treated every day for 30 days. Liver and kidney biochemical serum parameters were analyzed. Lipid peroxidation, as determined by the tissue concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), and the oxidative stress status, as measured by glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, were evaluated in the kidney and liver of treated rats. Results: Data showed that the oral administration of AlCl3 resulted in statistically significant increases in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol and triglycerides; the total amount of protein and albumin were also significantly decreased. However, these parameters were within normal levels in the rats given camel’s milk prior to AlCl3. Additionally, oral administration of AlCl3 induced lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidney, which was indicated by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation biomarkers (TBARS and HP) and a significant decrease in the activities of GSH, SOD and CAT. In all rats treated with camel’s milk before being given AlCl3, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters were within normal levels. Conclusion: Treatment with camel’s milk prior to AlCl3 exposure alleviates AlCl3-associated hazards and protects the kidney and liver from AlCl3 toxicity.
Fault-Tolerant Reversible Circuits

Reversible hardware computation, that is, performing logic signal transformations in a way that allows the original input signals to be recovered from the produced outputs, is helpful in diverse areas such as quantum computing, low-power design, nanotechnology, optical information processing, and bioinformatics. We propose a paradigm for performing such reversible computations in a manner that renders a wide class of circuit faults readily detectable at the circuit's outputs. More specifically, we introduce a class of reversible logic gates (consisting of the well-known Fredkin gate and a newly defined Feynman double-gate) for which the parity of the outputs matches that of the inputs. Such parity-preserving reversible gates, when used with an arbitrary synthesis strategy for reversible logic circuits, allow any fault that affects no more than a single logic signal to be detectable at the circuit's primary outputs. We show the applicability of our design strategy by demonstrating how the well-known, and very useful, Toffoli gate can be synthesized from parity- preserving gates and apply the results to the design of a binary full-adder circuit, which is a versatile and widely used element in digital arithmetic processing.
Análisis aerodinámico del navigator X-2 en CFD

Anterior a la expansion de los computadores como alternativa de trabajo, las soluciones a los metodos numericos eran realizadas a mano. A pesar de que la capacidad computacional sigue siendo una limitacion, hoy es posible utilizar metodos numericos mas complejos y precisos que recrean los fenomenos fisicos del flujo de fluidos; este tipo de aplicaciones es conocida como la dinamica computacional de fluidos por sus siglas en ingles (CFD). Con la implementacion de estas herramientas los diferentes tipos de industrias logran un ahorro de tiempo y dinero, ademas que se facilitan los cambios en los disenos con gran flexibilidad y facilidad.
Critical care in pregnancy

This Practice Bulletin was developed by the ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics with the assistance of Lauren A. Plante, MD, MPH. The information is designed to aid practitioners in making decisions about appropriate obstetric and gynecologic care. These guidelines should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of treatment or procedure. Variations in practice may be warranted based on the needs of the individual patient, resources, and limitations unique to the institution or type of practice. Critical Care in Pregnancy
Determining the extent to which delayed‐enhancement images reflect the partition‐coefficient of Gd‐DTPA in canine studies of reperfused and unreperfused myocardial infarction

MRI after a constant infusion (CI) of Gd‐DTPA has been used to identify the extent of myocardial infarction (MI). However, Gd‐DTPA‐enhanced “viability” imaging is more commonly performed with a bolus (for “delayed‐enhancement” (DE) imaging). This study sought to determine how image delay time and time postinfarction influence the assessment of necrosis by DE. Both infusion and DE imaging was performed in dogs with reperfused (N = 6) or unreperfused (N = 4) MI. Estimates of the partition‐coefficient of Gd‐DTPA (λ) with DE were compared with those calculated after 60 min of infusion, and the comparisons were repeated until 4 (reperfused) or 8 (unreperfused) weeks postinfarction. In reperfused animals, the concordance (Rc) between DE and infusion estimates of λ was > 0.90 for most image delays > 8 min postinjection, for day 0 through week 3, with Rc at day 0 greater than at week 4 (P = 0.022). In unreperfused animals, there was an interaction between image delay time and time postinfarction (P < 0.001): Rc > 0.90 corresponded to longer image delays at week 1 than at weeks 4–8. Therefore, when image delays are selected appropriately, DE images can strongly reflect λ and identify irreversibly injured myocardium. Magn Reson Med 52:1069–1079, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implication of Micrometastases of Lymph Nodes in Patients With Extended Operation for Pancreatic Cancer

Introduction Accurate evaluation of lymph node metastases is very important in planning treatment for pancreatic cancer. Aim To detect micrometastases in lymph nodes dissected from patients with pancreatic cancer. Methodology We used cytokeratin staining of negative lymph nodes in routine hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. We examined by cytokeratin staining 239 HE-negative nodes from 7 patients with no pathologic evidence of lymph node metastasis (n0 cases) and 718 HE-negative group 2 nodes from 23 patients with metastasis in group 1 lymph nodes (n1 cases) who underwent extended operation combined with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). Results Cytokeratin staining identified 15 positive nodes among the 239 HE-negative nodes from the 7 n0 cases and 8 positive nodes among the 718 HE-negative nodes from the 23 n1 cases. Among the 7 n0 cases, 5 (71.4%) had positive n1 nodes and 2 (28.3%) also had positive n2 nodes. Among the 23 n1 cases, 4 (17.4%) had positive n2 nodes. Patients with micrometastases in n2 nodes died within 25 months. Conclusion Cytokeratin staining is very useful to evaluate the involvement of lymph nodes in pancreatic cancer. Prognosis of pancreatic cancer should be determined in conjunction with evaluation of nodal status by cytokeratin staining. Extended operation was not useful for pancreatic cancer patients with micrometastases of group 2 nodes.
Fast volume rendering using adaptive block subdivision

We propose a fast volume rendering scheme that greatly reduces ray-casting overheads by adaptive block subdivision. We first apply a uniform space subdivision for constructing the adaptively subdivided volume. Then we merge coherent uniform blocks to generate adaptive-sized blocks that are efficient for leaping space. To accomplish this, an efficient block merging algorithm based on a boundary following and scan-filling strategy is proposed. Experimental results show that our fast volume rendering scheme is superior to other schemes in constructing a data structure for fast rendering; due to its simple construction approach, construction speed is more than three times faster than a hierarchical data structure, the octree. A 25% to 70% performance gain in rendering time over the octree is also exhibited. The additional advantages of our scheme are a stable acceleration for animation and an associativity with a compression-based volume rendering.
Effect of Aprepitant on the Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Midazolam

Oral aprepitant 125 mg, an antiemetic and a moderate inhibitor of the metabolism of oral midazolam, was assessed for interaction with intravenous midazolam in 12 subjects randomized to intravenous midazolam 2 mg ± oral aprepitant 125 mg. The hypothesis was that midazolam AUC would not change by more than 2‐fold (consistent with no more than weak inhibition) when midazolam + aprepitant was compared with midazolam alone. An AUC geometric mean ratio (midazolam + aprepitant/midazolam) with 90% confidence interval upper bound ≤2.0 (an increase in midazolam felt to be of modest clinical significance in the highly monitored perioperative period) was prespecified. Aprepitant increased intravenous midazolam AUC0–∞ 1.47‐fold (90% confidence interval, 1.36–1.59), which fell within the prespecified criterion.
Social Integrity and the Cost of Equity Capital

After the establishment of the new China and the course of the Cultural Rev-olution, under the general trend of reform and opening up, China’s market economy has developed rapidly, and the company’s credit has become more and more important. Since ancient times, honesty has always been the basic morality of human beings, and integrity has always been respected by literati. Integrity is the spiritual leader of a person, the soul of a company, and integr-ity is also the connotation of a country. And social integrity has high re-quirements for the integrity of individuals and companies and even the coun-try because it is related to the interests of everyone. Social integrity is the cornerstone of the market economy’s continuous development in a good di-rection. It is also the foundation of the company’s sustainable management and development. A good social integrity environment can bring hope to in-dividuals, bring opportunities to enterprises, and bring endless power to the country. Based on the importance of social integrity to the market economy, this paper explores the impact of social integrity on the company’s business development by searching and reviewing the literature on social integrity and the cost of equity capital. By analyzing the impact of social integrity on the company’s business development, this paper puts forward a viewpoint: In other words, the cost of equity capital is affected by social integrity and is ne-gatively correlated. And by designing an empirical solution, the data are compiled to prove this point.
The marginalization of hormesis

Despite the substantial development and publication of highly reproducible toxicological data, the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships was never integrated into the mainstream of toxicological thought. Review of the historical foundations of the interpretation of the bioassay and assessment of competitive theories of dose-response relationships lead to the conclusion that multiple factors contributed to the marginalization of hormesis during the middle and subsequent decades ofthe 20th century. These factors include: (a) the close-association of hormesis with homeopathy lead to the hostility of modern medicine toward homeopathy thereby creating a guilt by association framework, and the carry-over influence of that hostility in the judgements of medically-based pharmacologists/ toxicologists toward hormesis; (b) the emphasis of high dose effects linked with a lack of appreciation of the significance of the implications of low dose stimulatory effects; (c) the lack of an evolutionary-based mechanism(s) to account for hormetic effects; and (d) the lack of appropriate scientific advocates to counter aggressive and intellectually powerful critics of the hormetic perspective.
Principal patterns of fractional-order differential gradients for face recognition

Abstract. We investigate the ability of fractional-order differentiation (FD) for facial texture representation and present a local descriptor, called the principal patterns of fractional-order differential gradients (PPFDGs), for face recognition. In PPFDG, multiple FD gradient patterns of a face image are obtained utilizing multiorientation FD masks. As a result, each pixel of the face image can be represented as a high-dimensional gradient vector. Then, by employing principal component analysis to the gradient vectors over the centered neighborhood of each pixel, we capture the principal gradient patterns and meanwhile compute the corresponding orientation patterns from which oriented gradient magnitudes are computed. Histogram features are finally extracted from these oriented gradient magnitude patterns as the face representation using local binary patterns. Experimental results on face recognition technology, A.M. Martinez and R. Benavente, Extended Yale B, and labeled faces in the wild face datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bulimia nervosa in a Canadian community sample: prevalence and comparison of subgroups.

OBJECTIVE Previous epidemiological studies of bulimia nervosa have generated differing estimates of the incidence and prevalence of the disorder. These differences are attributable, in part, to varying definitions of the illness and a range of methodologies. The authors sought to define the prevalence of bulimia nervosa in a nonclinical community sample, examine the clinical significance of DSM-III-R threshold criteria, and examine comorbidity. METHOD Subjects across Ontario (N = 8,116) were assessed with a structured interview, the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, with specific questions added for bulimia nervosa. Subjects who met DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa were compared with those who were missing only the frequency criterion (two or more binge-eating episodes per week for 3 months). RESULTS In this sample, the lifetime prevalence of bulimia nervosa was 1.1% for female subjects and 0.1% for male subjects. The subjects with full- and partial-syndrome bulimia nervosa showed significant vulnerability for mood and anxiety disorders. Lifetime rates of alcohol dependence were high in the full-syndrome group. Rates of parental psychopathologies were high in both bulimic groups but tended to be higher in the subjects with full-syndrome bulimia nervosa. Both bulimic groups were significantly more likely to experience childhood sexual abuse than a normal female comparison group. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms other prevalence estimates of bulimia nervosa and its comorbid diagnoses from studies that were based on sound methodologies. It also points to the arbitrary aspects of the frequency of binge eating as a diagnostic threshold criterion for the disorder.
Early detection of complications after gastrostomy: summary of a safety report from the National Patient Safety Agency

Gastrostomies are used as a medium to long term feeding strategy for children and adults with additional dietary needs or an inability to swallow, and they may be inserted surgically, endoscopically, or under radiological guidance. About 15 000 gastrostomies are inserted annually in the United Kingdom.1 Complications include chemical peritonitis, infection, bowel perforation, haemorrhage, and aspiration pneumonia. But early recognition and prompt action reduces the risk of serious harm or death.2 Over six years (October 2003 to January 2010) the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) received 22 reports (including five incidents in children) from clinical staff of harm from delayed response to serious complications after gastrostomy insertion. Eleven patients died and 11 became critically ill. Reported complications included nine cases of leakage of feed into the peritoneal cavity and/or peritonitis, three colonic punctures, and two complications related to haemorrhage; under-reporting is likely.3 Incidents were reported from settings that included general medical, surgical, and elderly care wards after gastrostomy insertion in an endoscopy or radiology unit; patients whose gastrostomy had been inserted in a day case unit sometimes returned to the unit or presented …
CSR in Small and Medium Companies and Stakeholder’s Relationships

Through the stakeholder theory perspective, this paper goes in depth in understanding the important role of family intentions in building relationships with multiple kinds of stakeholders. In literature, the different approach of family and non-family businesses towards social and environmental issues has been extensively discussed without reaching a commonly accepted conclusion. A family business context is more favourable for proactive stakeholder engagement because the owner can take decisions without worrying too much about the economic outcome. Moreover, the long-term orientation of family businesses is an element that can reinforce the role of corporate social responsibility and its link with local stakeholders, without need for formal and structured processes, above all in SMEs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles

Chromium oxide nanoparticles (NPs)have been rapidly synthesized by precipitation method using ammomia as precipitating agent and are characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), UV-Visible absorption (UV), Infrared Spectoscopy (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD studies show that chromium oxide NP is formed as Cr2O3 and it has hexagonal structure. The shape and particle size of the synthesized Cr2O3 NPs is determined by SEM and TEM. The images showed that the size of NPs of Cr2O3 varied from 20 nm to 70 nm with average crystalline size 45 nm. UV-Visible absorption and IR spectoscopy confirm the formation of nanosized Cr2O3. TGA verifies that the Cr2O3 NPs are thermally stable upto 1000 °C.
Endotoxin signal transduction in macrophages

Through its action on macrophages, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin can trigger responses that are protective or injurious to the host. This review examines the effects of LPS on macrophages by following events from the cell surface to the nucleus. The involvement of protein tyrosine kinases, mitogen‐activated protein kinases, protein kinase C, G proteins, protein kinase A, ceramide‐activated protein kinase, and microtubules in this process are reviewed. At the nuclear level, rel, C/EBP, Ets, Egr, fos, and jun family members have been implicated in activation of LPS‐inducible gene expression.
Acute effects of traditional Japanese alcohol beverages on blood glucose and polysomnography levels in healthy subjects

Background. Alcohol consumption is a lifestyle factor associated with type 2 diabetes. This relationship is reportedly different depending on the type of alcohol beverage. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of traditional Japanese alcohol beverages on biochemical parameters, physical and emotional state, and sleep patterns. Methods. Six healthy subjects (three men and three women; age, 28.8 ± 9.5 years; body mass index, 21.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2) consumed three different types of alcohol beverages (beer, shochu, and sake, each with 40 g ethanol) or mineral water with dinner on different days in the hospital. Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, and 12 h after drinking each beverage, and assessments of physical and emotional state were administered at the same time. In addition, sleep patterns and brain waves were examined using polysomnography. Results. Blood glucose levels at 1 h and the 12-h area under the curve (AUC) value after drinking shochu were significantly lower than that with water and beer. The 12-h blood insulin AUC value after drinking shochu was significantly lower than that with beer. Blood glucose × insulin level at 1 h and the 2-h blood glucose × insulin AUC value with shochu were significantly lower than that with beer. The insulinogenic indexes at 2 h with beer and sake, but not shochu, were significantly higher than that with water. The visual analogue scale scores of physical and emotional state showed that the tipsiness levels with beer, shochu, and sake at 1 h were significantly higher than that with water. These tipsiness levels were maintained at 2 h. The polysomnography showed that the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency with shochu and sake were shorter than that with water and beer. Conclusions. Acute consumption of alcohol beverages with a meal resulted in different responses in postprandial glucose and insulin levels as well as REM sleep latency. Alcohol beverage type should be taken into consideration for people with impaired glucose tolerance.
An Apple Gene Highly Expressed in Fruit

Although apple is an important horticultural crop, its molecular biology is not well understood. Only a few apple genes have thus far been isolated, and these include genes encoding ACC synthase (Dong et al., 1991a) and ACC oxidase (Dong et al., 1991b; Ross et al., 1992) enzymes in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway (Yang and Hoffman, 1984). The identification of other genes controlling important fruit characteristics, and a better understanding of their regulation, would enhance prospects for improving this crop using genetransfer technology . We report here a cDNA clone (AP1) that encodes a message highly expressed in apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. cv Golden Delicious). The clone was isolated from a cDNA library constructed using poly(A)+ RNA from cortical tissue of ripe apple fruit (Ross et al., 1992). The nucleic acid sequence of AP1 is 705 bp and contains an open reading frame encoding a 119-amino acid polypeptide (Table I). This deduced polypeptide is hydrophilic, with 32 charged residues out of 119. Southern analysis indicates that the gene coding for APl has a low copy number. Northern analysis has shown that APl expression, although highest in fruit tissue, was also detectable in apple leaf, stem, petiole, seed, and root tissue (our unpublished data). In fruit, APl mRNA was detected in a range of developmental stages, from ovaries of flowers at full bloom to ripe fruit. The AP1 nucleic acid and deduced polypeptide sequence are 66 and 83% identical, respectively, to those of XSAR5, a cDNA clone coding for a strawberry gene that is repressed by exogenously applied auxin (Reddy and Poovaiah, 1990).
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF PROCESSED CHOCOLATE BUSINESSAT TWINS CHOCOLATE HOME INDUSTRY IN PALU CITY

Cocoa Agribusiness in Central Sulawesi still confronts many complex problems, such as low productivity due to PKB pests, low production quality. This becomes a challenge as well as investment opportunities in developing the business of chocolate product and achieve greater added value than cocoa agribusiness. This research aimed to know the income and financial feasibility obtained by Twins Chocolate Industry chocolate product production in Palu. The research was conducted at the Twins Chocolate Industry Jalan Rusa No. 13 Talise subdistrict Mantikulore Palu city Central Sulawesi on October to September 2016. The respondents consisted of one leader and two employees in the field of production and marketing. The results showed that the revenue obtained in the first year was Rp 25.7017 million, the second year was Rp 26.8927 million and in the third year was Rp 38,309,875. Feasibility levelsobtained by the PP for 2 Years and 2 Months were NPV Rp 11,927,788, an IRR of 22.75% and PI of 1.19. It means that Twins Chocolate industry was laboured because it met the eligibility criteria set.