Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proficient Authentication Mechanism for Mobile and Pervasive Computing

Mobile Computing is a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device without having to be connected to a fixed physical link. With today’s technology, many applications rely on the existence of small devices that can exchange information and form communication networks. In a significant portion of such applications, the confidentiality and integrity of the communicated messages are of particular interest. In this work, we propose two novel techniques for authenticating short encrypted messages that are directed to meet the requirements of mobile and pervasive applications. By taking advantage of the fact that the message to be authenticated must also be encrypted, we propose provably secure authentication codes that are more efficient than any message authentication code in the literature. The key idea behind the proposed techniques is to utilize the security that the encryption algorithm can provide to design more efficient authentication mechanisms, as opposed to using standalone authentication primitives
Impact of Transformational Leadership on Vocational Rehabilitation Industry

The United States vocational rehabilitation industry retrains injured workers by sending them back to trade schools or vocational colleges to acquire another skill that is usually less physically strenuous. In order to retrain injured workers this vocational rehabilitation industry small business owners must hire their own staff to prepare and manage the injured worker case load. The concern encompasses the work behaviors of the small business owners and the employees in this vocational rehabilitation industry, and the type of leadership that may be used to influence their behaviors. TL represents a motivational management paradigm. It encompasses a method of controlling the vocational rehabilitation industry small business owner’s and the employee’s work behaviors by using corrective transactions This research deals with the influence of transformational leadership on behaviors of owners and employees of small businesses within the vocational rehabilitation industry. Specifically, this research examined the influence of transformational leadership on the work behaviors of the owners as well as that of the employees in this segment of industry. The quantitative study sent 2,000 Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire surveys by internet to a sample of United States vocational rehabilitation industry small business owners and employees to examine the influence of transformational leadership methods. National lists of United States vocational rehabilitation industry small business owners and employees composed the sample. Seventy two respondents answered the survey. Small business owners comprised forty nine respondents. Small business employees comprised twenty three respondents. Statistical analysis confirmed that transformational leadership positively influenced the work behaviors of United States vocational rehabilitation industry small business owners as well as the small business employees. The analysis further shows that the influence on the owners and the employees were similar. Keywords - Corrective transactions, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, vocational rehabilitation industry, work behavior.
Investigation of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine fuelled with buthanol – gasoline mixture and a hydrogen enriched air

In this study, spark ignition engine fuelled with buthanol-gasoline mixture and a hydrogen-enriched air was investigated. Engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics were investigated with different buthanol (10% and 20% by volume) gasoline mixtures and additionally supplied oxygen and hydrogen (HHO) gas mixture (3.6 l/min) in the sucked air. Hydrogen, which is in the HHO gas, improves gasoline and gasoline-buthanol mixture combustion, increases indicated pressure during combustion phase and decreases effective specific fuel consumption. Buthanol addition decreases the rate of heat release, the combustion temperature and pressure are lower which have an influence on lower nitrous oxide (NOx) emission in exhaust gases. Buthanol lowers hydrocarbon (HC) formation, but it increases carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and fuel consumption. Combustion process analysis was carried out using AVL BOOST software. Experimental research and combustion process numerical simulation showed that using balanced buthanol and hydrogen addition, optimal efficient and ecological parameters could be achieved when engine is working with optimal spark timing, as it would work on gasoline fuel.
Spillovers, disclosure lags, and incentives to innovate. Do oligopolies over-invest in R&D?

We develop a dynamic duopoly, where firms have to take into account a technological externality, that reduces over time their innovation costs, and an inter-firm spillover, that lowers only the second comer's R&D cost. This spillover exerts its effect after a disclosure lag. We identify three possible equilibria, which are classified, according to the timing of R&D investments, as early, intermediate, and late. The intermediate equilibrium is subgame perfect for a wide parameters range. When the innovation size is large, it implies that the duopolistic market equilibrium involves underinvestment. Hence, even in presence of a moderate degree of inter-firms spillover, the competitive equilibrium calls for public policies aimed at increasing the research activity. When we focus on minor innovations -- the case in which, according to the earlier literature, the market equilibrium underinvests -- our results imply that the policies aimed at stimulating R&D have to be less sizeable than suggested before, despite the presence of an inter-firm spillover.
European airlines: a stochastic DEA study of efficiency with market liberalisation

Stochastic DEA constructs production frontiers that incorporate both inefficiency and stochastic error. This results in a closer envelopment of the mean performance of the companies in the sample and diminishes the effect of extreme outliers. We use the Land, Lovell and Thore (1993) model incorporating information on the covariance structure of inputs and outputs to study efficiency across a panel of 17 European airlines in the 1990s during the early phase of liberalisation. After allowing for stochastic error in computing the relative efficiencies we conclude that the airlines that were efficient in 1995 resembled those that were efficient in 1993 but not those in 1991. The airlines that were efficient in 1995 were the larger companies.
Slug Self-Propulsion in a Capillary Tube Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation

A composite droplet made of two miscible fluids in a narrow tube generally moves under the action of capillarity until complete mixture is attained. This physical situation is analysed here on a combined theoretical and numerical analysis. The mathematical framework consists of the two-phase flow phase-field equation set, an advection-diffusion chemical concentration equation, and closure relationships relating the surface tensions to the chemical concentration. The numerical framework is composed of the COMSOL Laminar two-phase flow phase-field method coupled with an advection-diffusion chemical concentration equation. Through transient studies, we show that the penetrating length of the bidroplet system into the capillary tube is linear at early-time regime and exponential at late-time regime. Through parametric studies, we show that the rate of penetration of the bidroplet system into the capillary tube is proportional to a time-dependent exponential function. We also show that this speed obeys the Poiseuille law at the early-time regime. A series of position, speed-versus-property graphs are included to support the analysis. Finally, the overall results are contrasted with available experimental data, grouped together to settle a general mathematical description of the phenomenon, and explained and concluded on this basis.
Deformation of a hydrophobic ferrofluid droplet suspended in a viscous medium under uniform magnetic fields

The effect of applied magnetic fields on the deformation of a biocompatible hydrophobic ferrofluid drop suspended in a viscous medium is investigated numerically and compared with experimental data. A numerical formulation for the time-dependent simulation of magnetohydrodynamics of two immiscible non-conducting fluids is used with a volume-of-fluid scheme for fully deformable interfaces. Analytical formulae for ellipsoidal drops and near-spheroidal drops are reviewed and developed for code validation. At low magnetic fields, both the experimental and numerical results follow the asymptotic small deformation theory. The value of interfacial tension is deduced from an optimal fit of a numerically simulated shape with the experimentally obtained drop shape, and appears to be a constant for low applied magnetic fields. At high magnetic fields, on the other hand, experimental measurements deviate from numerical results if a constant interfacial tension is implemented. The difference can be represented as a dependence of apparent interfacial tension on the magnetic field. This idea is investigated computationally by varying the interfacial tension as a function of the applied magnetic field and by comparing the drop shapes with experimental data until a perfect match is found. This estimation method provides a consistent correlation for the variation in interfacial tension at high magnetic fields. A conclusion section provides a discussion of physical effects which may influence the microstructure and contribute to the reported observations.
A case study to determine optimal capacity of a stand-alone wind/PV/battery system

In this paper, a stand-alone hybrid microgrid consisting of wind turbines, photovoltaic (PV) arrays and storage battery banks is developed for use in Qinghai Province, China. With the help of Software Homer and Matlab, different variables such as annual average wind speed, annual average load demand, and annual capacity shortage are considered. The net present value is then used during an entire project lifetime for the optimization solution.
An Emprical Analysis of the Impact of Public Expenditure on Education and Health on Poverty in Indian States

The principal objective of this study is to test whether public expenditures on education, health and other development activities have been effective in reducing poverty in India. To ensure sensitivity and robustness of the results, three different measures of poverty belonging to the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke group of poverty measures are used. We consider various types of education expenditures, viz., government expenditures on elementary, secondary, higher/university and "other" levels. Data for fourteen Indian states from 13th to 53rd rounds of National Sample Survey of India are used for estimating poverty. Using unbalanced panel data techniques, we test Fixed effects, Random effects and OLS models, and concludes that education, health and development expenditures help reduce poverty. In particular, expenditure on higher, university, technical, adult and vocational educations as opposed to elementary and secondary education is more effective in poverty reduction. Several policy conclusions are advanced.
A Comparative study of Young Learners in their Willingness to Communicate from Socio-cultural Perspective

This study embarks upon uncovering the probable difference in willingness to communicate between Iranian male and female EFL learners. To undertake the present research, it was limited to socio-cognitive perspective. More precisely, it aimed to distinguish the types and frequency of socio-cognitive strategies used by Iranian students as far as their gender was concerned. In doing so, 32 advance learners (16 males and 16 females) were asked to fill up a WTC and Socio-cultural strategy use questionnaire. The result revealed that both groups were similar in the cognitive strategy use. In addition, males were more willingness to communicate than female learners. This finding has implication for language teachers, social sciences, psycho-linguistic and socio-linguistic teachers and learner.
Fiscal Federalism and Political Selection

We provide an alternative explanation for the common observation that decentralization works better when the degree of vertical fiscal imbalance is low. When most resources come from the center, citizens have an incentive to select local politicians with better political connections and lower administrative skills that when resources are produced locally. As an effect, we prove theoretically that tax decentralization may have opposite effects in rich and poor communities on the selection of politicians and on citizens’ welfare. We test our theory with reference to the Italian decentralization policies of the 90’s at the municipal level, finding strong support for our hypotheses.
The Big-5 and the Perceived Effectiveness of Love Acts

The present research was implemented in order to determine whether or not the Big-5 personality dimensions relate to the perceived effectiveness of love acts discovered in prior research. An internet based questionnaire was utilized and college undergraduates and as well as non-college students were included in the sample. The Big-5 dimensions of Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, and Emotional Stability were expected to be related to the perceived effectiveness of the Love acts. Additionally, men and women were expected to rate Love acts signaling commitment and exclusivity as most effective. The results obtained were consistent with the hypotheses and are discussed in terms of prior research.
Self-Expandable Metal Stent Application as Bridging Therapy in Refractory Esophageal Variceal Bleeding

Esophageal variceal bleeding is a serious complication of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. Current treatment approach consists of band ligation and sclerotherapy. More than 10% of variceal bleedings are refractory to standard treatments and have a higher mortality rate. In this study, we aimed to share our experiences regarding covered self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) as a bridging therapy to permanent treatments, which decrease portal blood pressure, such as TIPS and surgery in two refractory variceal bleeding patients who were referred to our hospital with a past history of multiple band ligations to esophageal varies. (JAREM 2016; 6: 119-21)
Calculation of low-energy-electron lifetimes

The effect of the density of states on the lifetime of low-energy electrons in metals has been studied using a golden rule approach. Simple approximations to the real density of states of metals have been used allowing analytical results, which show that the free-electron scaling $(E\ensuremath{-}{E}_{F}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ of the lifetime is affected above the onset of $d$-electron contributions. Hence, in noble metals a scaling with $(E\ensuremath{-}{E}_{F}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{d}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2},$ where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{d}$ is the energy distance from the Fermi energy to the top of the $d$ band, appears once $d$ electrons can be excited. In ferromagnetic Co, the ratio between the lifetimes of majority and minority spin electrons is found energy independent below the threshold for the excitation of majority $d$ electrons while this ratio increases with energy above that point.
How best to nudge taxpayers? The impact of message simplification and descriptive social norms on payment rates in a central London local authority

Behavioral insights or nudges have yielded great benefits for today’s public administrators by improving the quality of official messages and increasing revenue flows. In the absence of a large number of studies suitable for meta-analysis, less is known about the external validity of these interventions, their range of impact, and the exact matching of the behavioral cue to the client group and context. Factorial designs and repeated interventions, as in the study reported in this article, can add insight through respectively comparing interventions and analyzing their impacts over time. This randomized controlled trial tests whether simplification and/or a descriptive social norm can increase payment of local taxes in a central London local authority. In the first wave, a factorial design on a targeted group of residents, simplification increased the number of people paying by four percentage points, whereas the social norm did not change behavior. In wave two of the study, which was carried out across all households, the descriptive social norm backfired, reducing the rate of payment. The heterogeneous nature of the target population and the exact wording of the social norm are discussed as possible reasons for these results.
Study on the mechanism of nucleation and development of porous nanostructure of anodic alumina films

The growth of porous anodic alumina films in a single step anodising ofAl in sulphuric and oxalic acid electrolyteswas studied by chronopotentiometry and the surface of films and the imprint of films onAlmetal surface in steady state were examined by SEM. It was shown that at the initiation of steady state the outer thin surface layer consists of nanocrystallites. On prolonged anodising due to chemical dissolution of a thin surface layer they disappear and enlarged pore mouths and a relatively compact interpore material are exhibited while the porous layer with the characteristic columnar cellular hexagonal structure constantly develops in the metal|oxide interface region. These predict that the actual reason for the nucleation of pores in the flat barrier layer and their development to pockets and then to channel-like pores in the preceding transient stages is related with a nanocrystalline recrystallization / transformation and densification of oxide towards the surface of rare oxide formed in themetal|oxide interface and the base surface of developed pockets or pores.
An Ontology Approach to Construction of Identification Subsystem for Intrusion Handling Systems in Wireless LANs

Intrusions to WLANs is a fact of everyday life and handling them is becoming more and more challenging. Currently there is no standardized reference model which can be used to compare and evaluate existing or design future Intrusion Handling Systems for WLANs. Hence this paper describes and discusses the construction of Identification Subsystem Modelling Ontology (ISMO) of Intrusion Handling System's reference model. The proposed ontology is based on the concepts of various ontology modelling and simulation tools. Careful attention is given to support two important functions: manage the dependencies between ontologies and at the same time to keep and restore their consistencies if they change in order to accommodate new information, or to adjust the representation of the domain as the world changes.
SemFace: a human face search engine based on the semantic web

SemFace is Semantic Web based search engine to retrieve human face images through face facial features. Each human face image has two ontologies (internal and external) that are associated with it. The classification of those ontologies is based on the data which are concerned for each image. Internal ontology is concerned with absolute (deterministic) data, whereas external ontology is concerned with relative (nondeterministic) data. This search engine consists of two steps (or more) to retrieve a human face images. The first step uses a user query that is the description of some face in order to retrieve the image most similar to that face. The second step is based on the semantic similarity between the selected images from the first step with other images. To mitigate the differences of interpretations between annotators and retrievers, we use coarse values for human facial attributes. One of the most promising issue that this work proposes is that the SemFace may be used in multimedia applications as well as increasing the efficiency of low image retrieval algorithms.
Modelling the Earth’s core magnetic field under flow constraints

Two recent magnetic field models, GRIMM and xCHAOS, describe core field accelerations with similar behavior up to Spherical Harmonic (SH) degree 5, but which differ significantly for higher degrees. These discrepancies, due to different approaches in smoothing rapid time variations of the core field, have strong implications for the interpretation of the secular variation. Furthermore, the amount of smoothing applied to the highest SH degrees is essentially the modeler’s choice. We therefore investigate new ways of regularizing core magnetic field models. Here we propose to constrain field models to be consistent with the frozen flux induction equation by co-estimating a core magnetic field model and a flow model at the top of the outer core. The flow model is required to have smooth spatial and temporal behavior. The implementation of such constraints and their effects on a magnetic field model built from one year of CHAMP satellite and observatory data, are presented. In particular, it is shown that the chosen constraints are efficient and can be used to build reliable core magnetic field secular variation and acceleration model components.
A review of methods for discrimination of honey bee populations as applied to European beekeeping

Summary Here, scientists from 19 European countries, most of them collaborating in Working Group 4: “Diversity and Vitality” of COST Action FA 0803 “Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes” (COLOSS), review the methodology applied in each country for discriminating between honey bee populations. Morphometric analyses (classical and geometric) and different molecular markers have been applied. Even if the approach has been similar, however, different methodologies regarding measurements, landmarks or molecular markers may have been used, as well as different statistical procedures. There is therefore the necessity to establish common methods in all countries in order to have results that can be directly compared. This is one of the goals of WG4 of the COLOSS project.
Ozone profile retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

Abstract. Ozone profiles from the surface to about 60 km are retrieved from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet radiances using the optimal estimation technique. OMI provides daily ozone profiles for the entire sunlit portion of the earth at a horizontal resolution of 13 km×48 km for the nadir position. The retrieved profiles have sufficient accuracy in the troposphere to see ozone perturbations caused by convection, biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution, and to track their spatiotemporal transport. However, to achieve such accuracy it has been necessary to calibrate OMI radiances carefully (using two days of Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder data taken in the tropics). The retrieved profiles contain ~6–7 degrees of freedom for signal, with 5–7 in the stratosphere and 0–1.5 in the troposphere. Vertical resolution varies from 7–11 km in the stratosphere to 10–14 km in the troposphere. Retrieval precisions range from 1% in the middle stratosphere to 10% in the lower stratosphere and troposphere. Solution errors (i.e., root sum square of precisions and smoothing errors) vary from 1–6% in the middle stratosphere to 6–35% in the troposphere, and are dominated by smoothing errors. Total, stratospheric, and tropospheric ozone columns can be retrieved with solution errors typically in the few Dobson unit range at solar zenith angles less than 80°.