Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking statistical compact modeling strategies for capturing device intrinsic parameter fluctuations in BSIM4 and PSP

Intrinsic statistical variability (SV) associated with discreteness of charge and granularity of matter is one of limiting factors for CMOS scaling and integration. There are several standard statistical parameter generation strategies to transfer SV information into compact models, and their accuracy is essential for achieving reliable variability aware design. We investigate the accuracy of these strategies based on the direct statistical compact model parameter extraction results for industry standard compact models BSIM4 and PSP. Statistical circuit simulation results indicate that the standard assumption for uncorrelated normal distribution of the statistical compact model parameters may introduce considerable errors in the statistical distribution of circuit figure of merits.
A Multi-Repository Approach to Study the Topology of Open Source Bugs Communities: Implications for Software and Code Quality

 Abstract—Businesses and research establishments are increasingly turning to Free and Open Source software (FOSS) as a means to lower software development, acquisition, and deployment costs. However, software quality and security remains key stumbling blocks to full scale FOSS adoption and deployment. Yet improvement in the quality and security of FOSS depends on the rate at which a community of volunteers report and fix bugs. The aim of this research is to understand the community governance of the bug reporting and fixing process. We link data obtained from bug tracking systems, source code repositories, and mailing lists and applied various metrics to investigate the dynamics of bug communities in 285 projects. The results of our study show that the identity of bug reporters or fixers, the size of the bug community and code are key factors in ensuring quality software. The implications of these findings for bugs governance, software and code quality, empirical research difficulties, and future research directions are also discussed.
Exploiting Multichannel Diversity in Spectrum Sharing Systems Using Optimal Stopping Rule

This letter studies the problem of exploiting multichannel diversity in a spectrum sharing system, where the secondary user (SU) sequentially explores channel state information on the licensed channels with time consumption. To maximize the expected achievable throughput for the SU, we formulate this problem as an optimal stopping problem, whose objective is to choose the right channel to stop exploration based on the observed signal‐to‐noise ratio sequence. Moreover, we propose a myopic but optimal rule, called one‐stage look‐ahead rule, to solve the stopping problem.
An Advanced Approach for Automatic Extraction of Planar Surfaces and their Topology from Point Clouds

Summary: Terrestrial laser scanning has become a standard method for a fast and accurate acquisition of 3D objects. While data capture has attained a high level of development, the analysis of point clouds is still characterised by a remarkable amount of manual interaction. In this article an advanced generic approach for the extraction of surface primitives is presented. In a first step the 3D measure - ment domain is subdivided into volume elements (voxels) and the centre of gravity of the interior laser points is calculated for each voxel as representative geometric position. Normal vectors are determined for each voxel by means of all possible combinations of two vectors to the 26 neighbouring barycentres. If the local surrounding contains plane surface parts, a couple of these normal vectors have similar directions. These vectors will be aggregated (mean direction) and the number of involved vectors (NOV) is stored. For a planar surrounding a clear majority will be obtained. A region growing algorithm extracts plane surfaces by merging adjacent voxels if their main normal directions are similar (homogeneity criterion). If two majorities can be observed it is an edge point, for three main directions a corner point can be assumed. These topological points will be stored as a base for the subsequent 3D modelling process. First experiences with synthetic and real world data of buildings have shown the suitability of this advanced approach and the robustness concerning noise, surface roughness and outliers. A disadvantage may be a certain general isation effect.
Teaching Introductory Programming

From the educational point of view, learning by mistake could be influential teaching method, especially for teaching/learning Computer Science (CS), and/or Information Technologies (IT). As learning programming is very difficult and hard task, perhaps even more difficult and extremely demanding job to teach novices how to make correct computers programs. The concept of design pedagogical patterns has received surprisingly little attention so far from the researchers in the field of pedagogy/didactics of Computer Science. Design pedagogical patterns are descriptions of successful solutions of common problems that occur in teaching/learning CS and IT. Good pedagogical patterns could help teachers when they have to design new course, lessons, topics, examples, and assignments, in a particular context. Pedagogical patterns captured the best practice in a teaching/learning CS and/or IT. They could be very helpful to the teachers in preparing their own lessons. In this paper a brief description of special class design of pedagogical patterns, the group of patterns for learning by mistakes, is presented. In addition, usage of helpful and misleading pedagogical agents, which have been developed in Agent-based E-learning System (AE-lS), based on pedagogical pattern for explanation Explain, and pedagogical pattern for learning by mistakes Wolf, Wolf, Mistake, is described.
The Simulation of the Chirp-Z Transform Based on MATLAB GUI

Abstract The Chirp-Z transform (CZT) algorithm is a digital signal processing algorithm, it is applicable to the general case calculating limited width of the Ztransform along the spiral curve. The CZT is more flexible than the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) in calculating the frequency spectrum, so it is used in various fields such as radar ranging, power prediction and so on. But the implementation steps of the algorithm are difficulty to understand. This paper introduces the realizing process of CZT based on MATLAB GUI, Including the computational path of CZT, the main sequences and their simulation of CZT and FFT, it also presents the main program and simulation.
[Impact of quality improvement process upon the state of nutritional support in a critical care unit].

INTRODUCTION In a preceding article the state of Nutritional support (NS) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was documented [Martinuzzi A et al. Estado del soporte nutricional en una unidad de Cuidados críticos. RNC 2011; 20: 5-17]. In this follow-up work we set to assess the impact of several organizational, recording and educational interventions upon the current state of NS processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interventions comprised presentation of the results of the audit conducted at the ICU before the institution's medical as well as paramedical personnel; their publication in a periodical, peer-reviewed journal; drafting and implementation of a protocol regulating NS schemes to be carried out at the ICU; and conduction of continuous education activities on Nutrition (such as "experts talks", interactive courses, and training in the implementation of the NS protocol). The state of NS processes documented after the interventions was compared with the results annotated in the preceding article. Study observation window ran between March the 1st, 2011 and May 31th, 2011, both included. RESULTS Study series differed only regarding overall-mortality: Phase 1: 40.0% vs. Phase 2: 20.5%; Difference: 19.5%; Z = 1.927; two-tailed-p = 0.054. Interventions resulted in a higher fulfillment rate of the prescribed NS indication; an increase in the number of patients receiving ≥ 80% of prescribed energy; and a reduction in the number of NS lost days. Mortality was (numerically) lower in patients in which the prescribed NS scheme was fulfilled, NS was early initiated, and whom received ≥ 80% of prescribed energy. Adopted interventions had no effect upon average energy intakes: Phase 1: 574.7 ± 395.3 kcal/24 h⁻¹ vs. Phase 2: 591.1 ± 315.3 kcal/24 h⁻¹; two-tailed-p > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Educational, recording and organizational interventions might result in a better conduction of NS processes, and thus, in a lower mortality. Hemodynamic instability is still the most formidable obstacle for initiating and completing NS.
Variable step-size compressed sensing-based sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm for speech reconstruction

This paper presents a novel greedy reconstruction algorithm for speech signal, named the variable step-size sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm (short for VSSAMP). As the name implies, this modified algorithm achieves an improvement compared with the state-of-the-art greedy algorithm sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (SAMP). The new algorithm varies the step size, which is fixed in SAMP. This innovation can accelerate the reconstruction speed and demonstrate a better performance on estimating the true signal's support set to some extent. The step size is set to a large value initially so as to approach the real sparsity quickly. Afterwards, step size is cut down gradually and this mechanism is benefit for estimating the sparsity accurately. At the end of the novel method, a pruning step is utilized which can decrease the estimated sparsity one atom by one atom, based on reducing the reconstruction error. This step increases the accuracy of estimated sparsity and enhances the reconstruction performance. The comparisions of reconstruction performance and speed are exhibited in this paper. The simulation results show that the modified algorithm outperforms the SAMP algorithm when reconstructing absolutely sparse signals and speech signals.
Advanced breast cancer: living and dying in the shadows of EBC.

(2011) specifies that people with advanced (or recurrent) breast cancer should have access to a CNS who will serve as the patient’s key worker with their consent to provide continuity of care and support, and coordination with relevant psychological and specialist services where required. This is not currently happening. However, the extent of the true problem is unclear as there are no definite figures relating to how many women are living with ABC, their geographical locations and how many of them actually have access to a CNS (NCIN, 2012), nor is there any clear standard for their care (Novartis Oncology, 2014a). Baroness Morgan says that part of the problem is the ‘cancer’s been done’ attitude over the last few years and the political landscape of cancer has changed tremendously as a result:
Aktivitas nokturnal vektor demam berdarah dengue di beberapa daerah di Indonesia

The continous presence of dengue virus infection presents a serious health problem in many tropical areas of the world because of the severe and often fatal disease in children. Dengue viruses are transmitted to human through the biting of infected mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus . This paper reported the nocturnal of biting activity of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in several areas of Indonesia. Natural population of Aedes was collected by bare leg collection and resting collection from 18:00 to 06:00 out door and indoor. The biting activities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurred throughout the night from 18:00 to 05:50 out door and indoor in Cikarawang, Babakan, and Cibanteng Kabupaten Bogor (2004); Cangkurawuk Darmaga Bogor (2005, 2007); Pramuka island, Pari island, Kepulauan Seribu (2008); Gunung Bugis, Gunung Karang, Gunung Utara Balikpapan (2009); and Kayangan, Lombok Utara (2009). These results showed that the biting activities of Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus did not only occur diurnally but also nocturnally. KEY WORDS : Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, nocturnal biting activity
Position control and explicit force control of a constrained manipulator

The kinematically constrained dynamic system of a robotic manipulator is modeled by including constrained forces in the dynamic equations in this paper, and the constrained forces are expressed as an obvious function of the state and inputs of the system. A controller without involving any force sensor is therefore constructed by taking the advantage of the redundancy between the input and constrained forces. Simulations have been done with a 2-link SCARA manipulator, and the results show the feasibility of the modeling method and the controller.
Digital Image Processing - A Remote Sensing Perspective

Digital image processing deals with manipulation of digital images through a digital computer. It is a subfield of signals and systems, but focuses particularly on images. DIP focuses on developing a computer system that is able to perform processing on an image. The input of that system is a digital image and the system processes that image using efficient algorithms, and gives an image as an output. This paper discusses the various image processing techniques and remote sensing applications.
Active Learning in Secondary and College Science Classrooms: A Working Model for Helping the Learner to Learn

Contents: Preface. Part I: Building the Foundation for an Approach to Active Learning. What Is Learning and How Does It Occur? Meaningful Learning and Problem Solving in Science. A Model for the Learning Environment. Part II: Roles for the Teacher in Creating an Active Learning Environment. Defining the Output State. Assessing the Input State: The Teacher as Diagnostician. Moving From the Input to the Output State: The Learning Experience. Part III: Creating Active Learning Environments. Preparing Students to Participate in an Active Learning Environment. Creating an Active Learning Environment in the Science Lecture Hall. Promoting Active Learning in the "Conference Room. " Helping the Learner to Learn in the Student Laboratory. New Approaches to Science Learning: Cooperative and Collaborative Learning. Part IV: Assessment in an Active Learning Environment. Assessment of Student Performance. How Do I Know It's Working? The Teacher as Reflective Practitioner. Part V: Summing Up. The Challenges of Helping the Learner to Learn. Building a Community of Active Learning Practitioners. The Bottom Line.
Sensor fault detection and identification using Kernel PCA and its fast data reconstruction

In this paper, a novel sensor fault detection and identification technique based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and its fast data reconstruction is presented. Although it has been proved that KPCA shows a better performance for sensor fault detection, the fault identification method has rarely been developed. Using the fast data reconstruction based on distance constraint, we employ the residuals of variables to identify the faulty sensor. Since the proposed method does not include iterative calculation, it has a lower calculation burden and is more suitable for online application. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively identifies the source of typical sensor faults.
Implementation Analysis of RETT-Gen Routing Protocol

Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited energy resources energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the entire network. In RETT-gen, we transform the expected lifetime of each sensor node to an equivalent temperature, and then by using the heat dissipation equations, we find the hottest path for ending data to the base station, which will not always be the shortest path.
GSIMF: a web service based software and database management system for the next generation grids

To process the vast amount of data from high energy physics experiments, physicists rely on Computational and Data Grids; yet, the distribution, installation, and updating of a myriad of different versions of different programs over the Grid environment is complicated, time-consuming, and error-prone. Our Grid Software Installation Management Framework (GSIMF) is a set of Grid Services that has been developed for managing versioned and interdependent software applications and file-based databases over the Grid infrastructure. This set of Grid services provide a mechanism to install software packages on distributed Grid computing elements, thus automating the software and database installation management process on behalf of the users. This enables users to remotely install programs and tap into the computing power provided by Grids.
Predetection Diversity Combining with Selectively Fading Channels

The effective use of predetection (or IF) linear combining of diversity channels requires that all frequency components be added in = phase. In view of the time-variant phase characteristics of fading channels, some form of instantaneous phase correction must be provided prior to the diversity combining so that proper in-phase addition will result. If the instantaneous fading is not uniform over the width of the channel, the resulting channel incoherence will reduce the efficacy of the phase correction. One way to avoid this difficulty is to divide the selectively fading channel into "flatly" fading subchannels and perform the necessary phasing and combining operations per subchannel. The question arises as to how much frequency selective fading can be tolerated within a channel, or a subchannel, before serious deterioration in performance results. This paper considers this question with reference to FDM-SSB binary data transmission and matched filter reception, wherein a pilot tone is used both for deriving proper phase correction and for providing the weighting necessary for maximal ratio combining. Analytical expressions are derived for error probabilities which show the deleterious effects of frequency selectivity and pilot tone additive noise.
A focal plane normal-flow measurement chip

In this paper, we present the algorithm and operation of an aVLSI chip that can extract normal optical flow by using the gradient approach without interfering with the imaging process. This approach is feasible for scaling to larger arrays without affecting the processing or the processing area. Our system has a 92 x 52 photosensitive array of APS pixels at the core with processing circuits on the periphery. We discuss the approach and the different blocks in the design and then demonstrate the working of the individual blocks and of the system as a whole. The chip outputs the image, the spatial and temporal gradients and the normal flow at the read-out frame-rate with no penalty to the imaging process. The chip occupies an area of 4.5 mm2 and consumes 2.6 mW (at Vdd = 5V). Once normal flow is obtained, the chip can be used to compute focus of expansion, time to contact and many other motion properties of images that can be used to control robots. Tracking systems can use the velocity and segmentation of moving objects can be realized using motion discontinuity.
Constructing the perfect post: The effects of incivility and news selection on online engagement

This study investigates the relationship between incivility and news values in Facebook posts and online engagement. The study combines secondary data from Facebook API with a content analysis of 408 posts from partisan Facebook pages to test whether incivility and news values affect online engagement. Using a negative binomial model, the results show that the use of incivility strongly increases engagement from Facebook users in the sample. Results also show that traditional news values are not significant predictors of online engagement on partisan Facebook pages, suggesting that online partisan media do not follow the same model used by traditional media for content publishing. Implications for political communication scholars and practitioners are discussed in the context of increased political polarization and reliance on social media as an information source for the American public.
Sr Lattice Clock at 1 × 10–16 Fractional Uncertainty by Remote Optical Evaluation with a Ca Clock

Optical atomic clocks promise timekeeping at the highest precision and accuracy, owing to their high operating frequencies. Rigorous evaluations of these clocks require direct comparisons between them. We have realized a high-performance remote comparison of optical clocks over kilometer-scale urban distances, a key step for development, dissemination, and application of these optical standards. Through this remote comparison and a proper design of lattice-confined neutral atoms for clock operation, we evaluate the uncertainty of a strontium (Sr) optical lattice clock at the 1 × 10–16 fractional level, surpassing the current best evaluations of cesium (Cs) primary standards. We also report on the observation of density-dependent effects in the spin-polarized fermionic sample and discuss the current limiting effect of blackbody radiation–induced frequency shifts.
A method for viewing and interacting with medical volumes in virtual reality

The medical field has long benefited from advancements in diagnostic imaging technology. Medical images created through methods such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are used by medical professionals to non-intrusively peer into the body to make decisions about surgeries. Over time, the viewing medium of medical images has evolved from X-ray film negatives to stereoscopic 3D displays, with each new development enhancing the viewer’s ability to discern detail or decreasing the time needed to produce and render a body scan. Though doctors and surgeons are trained to view medical images in 2D, some are choosing to view body scans in 3D through volume rendering. While traditional 2D displays can be used to display 3D data, a viewing method that incorporates depth would convey more information to the viewer. One device that has shown promise in medical image viewing applications is the Virtual Reality Head Mounted Display (VR HMD). VR HMDs have recently increased in popularity, with several commodity devices being released within the last few years. The Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, and Windows Mixed Reality HMDs like the Samsung Odyssey offer higher resolution screens, more accurate motion tracking, and lower prices than earlier HMDs. They also include motion-tracked handheld controllers meant for navigation and interaction in video games. Because of their popularity and low cost, medical volume viewing software that is compatible with these headsets would be accessible to a wide audience. However, the introduction of VR to medical volume rendering presents difficulties in implementing consistent user interactions and ensuring performance. Though all three headsets require unique driver software, they are compatible with OpenVR, a middleware that standardizes communication between the HMD, the HMD’s controllers, and
Imaging and Indenting: The Pros and Cons of Stretching Functionality

Atomic-force microscopes (AFMs) and nanoindenters (NIs) both work by probing a surface. AFMs are specially designed for high-resolution imaging, and NIs are specially designed for measuring mechanical properties. However, because AFMs and NIs share some operating principles, their functions have some degree of crossover. The principles of profi lometry and nanoindentation are explained in detail elsewhere [1, 2]. The purpose of this note is to explain the design features that make each type of instrument well suited for its intended function. This note also addresses the pros and cons of using one type of instrument to perform the intended function of the other.