Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introducing a Cartesian approach for gate planning and control of biped robots and implementing on various slopes

Biped robots have higher capabilities than other mobile robots, for moving on uneven environments. However, due to natural instability of these robots, their motion planning and control become a more important and challenging task. This article, will present a Cartesian approach for gate planning and control of biped robots without needing to use the joint space trajectories and the inverse kinematics. The proposed approach is based on constraining four important points of the biped robot in Cartesian space. This leads to overcome the redundancy problem and use the concept of Transpose Jacobian control as a virtual spring and damper between each of these points and the corresponding desired trajectory. These four points include the tip of right and left foot, the hip joint and the total center of mass (CM). Furthermore, in the control of the biped robots based on desired trajectories in task space, the system may track the desired trajectory while the knee is broken. This problem is solved here using a PD controller which will be called the Knee Stopper. Similarly, another PD controller is proposed as the Trunk Stopper to limit the trunk motion. Obtained results show that the proposed Cartesian approach can be successfully used in tracking desired trajectories on various slopes.
Advanced Descriptive One-Shot Video Puzzle Composition

This paper is mainly based on video composition for reducing the size of a video by extracting the unwanted information with suitable algorithm. It will widely focus on easy uploading the data in a common network. This is very helpful to reduce the time of a data transferring to the server. Hence the user can easily access the data in a public network with less time period. Video can be processed by using SURF algorithm with assuming threshold value. This value can be calculated by mathematical mean calculation and thus the video can be converted into number of frames and those frames are separated for making a single shot video. Then the video can be further compared with already loaded database with suitable face recognition method. By using this method, the hidden face can be easily predicated. This paper can be widely applicable in military, research and banking applications.
Surgical technique Distal pancreatectomy with en block celiac resection for locally advanced pancreas carcinoma

In locally advanced pancreatic body cancers, cancer infiltrates major vessels such as the celiac axis, common hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery or vein, which is the borderline of resectability. Patients also suffer severe abdominal pain. Kondo and Hirano et al. developed a radical operation called “distal pancreatectomy with en block celiac resection (DP-CAR)” for such cases. We applied this procedure three times in two patients with pancreatic body carcinomas, in which combined vascular resection was necessary. Radical operation was eventually achieved.
Superiority Of Graph-Based Visual Saliency (GVS) Over Other Image Segmentation Methods

: Although inherently tedious, the segmentation of images and the evaluation of segmented images are critical in computer vision processes. One of the main challenges in image segmentation evaluation arises from the basic conflict between generality and objectivity. For general segmentation purposes, the lack of well-defined ground-truth and segmentation accuracy limits the evaluation of specific applications. Subjectivity is the most common method of evaluation of segmentation quality, where segmented images are visually compared. This is daunting task, however, limits the scope of segmentation evaluation to a few predetermined sets of images. As an alternative, supervised evaluation compares segmented images against manually-segmented or pre-processed benchmark images. Not only good evaluation methods allow for different comparisons, but also for integration with target recognition systems for adaptive selection of appropriate segmentation granularity with improved recognition accuracy. Most of the current segmentation methods still lack satisfactory measures of effectiveness. Thus this study proposed a supervised framework which uses visual saliency detection to quantitatively evaluate image segmentation quality. The new benchmark evaluator uses Graph-based Visual Saliency (GVS) to compare boundary outputs for manually segmented images. Using the Berkeley Segmentation Database, the proposed algorithm was tested against 4 other quantitative evaluation methods — Probabilistic Rand Index (PRI), Variation of Information (VOI), Global Consistency Error (GSE) and Boundary Detection Error (BDE). Based on the results, the GVS approach outperformed any of the other 4 independent standard methods in terms of visual saliency detection of images.
Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant Development and Stress Responses

© 2013 Kolomiets et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant Development and Stress Responses
Motivations, experiences and challenges of being a care farmer -results of a survey of Norwegian care farmers.

BACKGROUND Care farming is an increasing part of multifunctional agriculture. Still there are few studies on how the farmers experience their working situation. OBJECTIVE To describe care farmers' relevant education, motivation, perceived support, involvement with participants, and perceived strain. We also wanted to investigate the possible relationship between different variables and level of perceived strain. METHODS A total of 98 (67%) Norwegian care farmers answered a postal questionnaire in 2011 on demography, motivation, relevant education, involvement in participants, and 11 statements describing perceived strain of care farming. A sum-score of the 11 statements was constructed, and a linear regression model was used to explore the relationships between total perceived strain and the other variables. RESULTS Of the farmers 40% had relevant education. Their main motivation was economical (53%) or "idealistic" (47%). 80% reported that care farming had increased their quality of life. Still the majority experienced it to be socially demanding, and 26% did not receive support from professionals. Higher total perceived strain was found for men, low education, no perceived support, high degree of involvement, and less perceived functionality of participants. The model explained 40% of the variance in total perceived strain. CONCLUSION More systematic cooperation and supervision from the social and health care system might be needed, in order to ensure a health promoting work situation for these care farmers.
Multiple endpoints for improved MPI performance on a lattice QCD code

This paper provides results using multiple threads and a high-performance MPI implementation of MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE applied to a Lattice QCD Code (CCS-QCD) and run on the Oakforest-PACS machine. Performance has improved from the baseline code by as much as 1.8x for smaller lattice sizes.
Myocardial T1 and extracellular volume fraction measurement in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis: reproducibility and comparison with age-matched controls.

AIMS (i) To establish the test-retest reproducibility of myocardial T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction measurement in asymptomatic patients with moderate-severe aortic stenosis (AS), (ii) to compare reproducibility using motion-corrected (MOCO) parametric T1 maps for analysis vs. full MOLLI series of images, and (iii) to compare T1 and ECV between patients and age-matched controls. METHODS AND RESULTS 3 T cardiac MRI was performed twice on 10 patients (median interval 7 days) to assess reproducibility. An additional 40 patients and 22 asymptomatic controls underwent a single MRI. Native T1 and ECV were calculated by outlining the myocardium on T1 maps generated inline, and using an offline T1 fit on the MOCO multiple inversion-time raw image series, in the reproducibility cohort (n = 10). Reproducibility was excellent using the inline T1 maps (CoVs for T1: 1.77%; ECV: 6.52%) and good using the full MOLLI series (CoVs for T1: 8.52%; ECV: 12.98%). On comparing AS and controls, who were well matched for age, gender and co-morbidities, there was no significant difference in the native T1 or ECV (T1 = 1103.32 ± 33.07 vs. 1092.27 ± 34.29; ECV = 0.243 ± 0.019 vs. 0.251 ± 0.026 in patients and controls, P > 0.05), which was maintained even after splitting the patients into moderate and severe AS subgroups. CONCLUSION The test-retest reproducibility of myocardial T1 quantification using MOLLI is excellent in patients with AS and is highest using inline generated T1 maps for analysis. There was no difference in native myocardial T1 or ECV between asymptomatic patients with moderate-severe AS and age-matched controls without valve disease.
The effectiveness of combining inspiratory muscle training with manual therapy and a therapeutic exercise program on maximum inspiratory pressure in adults with asthma: a randomized clinical trial

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of manual therapy and therapeutic exercise protocol to inspiratory muscle training was more effective in improving maximum inspiratory pressure than inspiratory muscle training in isolation. Design: This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Subjects: In total, 43 patients with asthma were included in this study. Interventions: The patients were allocated into one of the two groups: (1) inspiratory muscle training (n = 21; 20-minute session) or (2) inspiratory muscle training (20-minute session) combined with a program of manual therapy (15-minute session) and therapeutic exercise (15-minute session; n = 22). All participants received 12 sessions, two days/week, for six weeks and performed the domiciliary exercises protocol. Main measures: The main measures such as maximum inspiratory pressure, spirometric measures, forward head posture, and thoracic kyphosis were recorded at baseline and after the treatment. Results: For the per-protocol analysis, between-group differences at post-intervention were observed in maximum inspiratory pressure (19.77 cmH2O (11.49–28.04), P < . 05; F = 22.436; P < . 001; η2p = 0.371) and forward head posture (−1.25 cm (−2.32 to −0.19), P < . 05; F = 5.662; P = . 022; η2p = 0.13). The intention-to-treat analysis showed the same pattern of findings. Conclusion: The inspiratory muscle training combined with a manual therapy and therapeutic exercise program is more effective than its application in isolation for producing short-term maximum inspiratory pressure and forward head posture improvements in patients with asthma.
Mobile Target Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks With Adjustable Sensing Frequency

How to sense and monitor the environment with high quality is an important research subject in the Internet of Things (IOT). This paper deals with the important issue of the balance between the quality of target detection and lifetime in wireless sensor networks. Two target-monitoring schemes are proposed. One scheme is Target Detection with Sensing Frequency K (TDSFK), which distributes the sensing time that currently is only on a portion of the sensing period into the entire sensing period. That is, the sensing frequency increases from 1 to K. The other scheme is Target Detection with Adjustable Sensing Frequency (TDASF), which adjusts the sensing frequency on those nodes that have residual energy. The simulation results show that the TDASF scheme can improve the network lifetime by more than 17.4% and can reduce the weighted detection delay by more than 101.6%.
A Differentiated Queueing Service based admission control policy for wireless multimedia

Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for wireless multimedia applications has attracted increasing research attentions. Due to limited bandwidth of time-varying wireless links and various QoS requirements of bursty multimedia applications, an effective call admission control (CAC) policy that efficiently utilizes the bandwidth is desired. We have proposed a Differentiated Queueing Service (DQS) to support per-packet differentiated services for admitted traffic, which has been illustrated feasibility for mixed streams with various QoS requirements in multimedia applications. This paper furthers the research by exploring a DQS-based CAC policy to maximize the bandwidth utilization of wireless networks while provisioning call-level as well as packet-level QoSs for multimedia applications. To this end, we novelly use delay bound violation probability as admission control threshold and a basic DQS-based CAC policy, namely Delay Bound violation probability Guard (DBG) policy is proposed. Then we optimize the policy by formulating it as a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP). The optimal DBG policy is found by solving the linear programming formulation problem. Numerical results show that, the DBG policy over SMDP achieves its goals of maximizing the bandwidth utilization while provisioning both call-level and packet-level differentiated QoSs for each class of multimedia calls in comparison with bandwidth guard CAC policies.
Immunological activity of thymus and thoracic-duct lymphocytes.

The reduced immunological responsiveness of neonatally thymectomized rodents has been reversed far more effectively with cells from spleen, lymph nodes, and thoracic-duct lymph than with cells from either thymus or bone marrow. ' In heavily irradiated mice, an inoculum containing a mixture of marrow and thymus cells allowed the production of more hemolysins against sheep erythrocytes than could be accounted for by summating the activities of each cell population alone.2 Some type of interaction must thus take place between thymus cells, bone marrow cells, and antigen. In order to characterize the nature of this interaction one would first have to determine which cell type, thymus or bone marrow, was the immediate precursor of the antibody-forming cell. In thymectomized irradiated mice protected with chromosomally marked bone marrow and grafted with chromosomally marked thymus tissue, both marrowdonor-type and thymus-donor-type cells were found dividing in the lymphoid tissues. The majority of dividing cells were of marrow donor origin,3 but a sharp increase in the proportion of thymus-derived cells occurred for a short period of time after antigenic stimulation.4 An attempt was made to determine the origin of the antibody-forming cell by using a transfer system in which both chromosome and isoantigenic markers were available. The results indicated that, although thymus-graft derived cells responded vigorously to antigenic stimulation by mitosis, the antibody-forming cells had the immunogenetic characteristics of the marrow donor.4 However, it is known that the lymphocyte population of a thymus graft in a marrow-protected irradiated host is entirely replaced within two to three weeks by cells from the inoculated marrow.3 Hence, although antibody-forming cells had the genotypic characteristics of the marrow donor, they could have been derived from cells that had first migrated through the thymus implant which, in these experiments, had been grafted 30 days prior to antigenic stimulation. Such an experimental design therefore failed to establish unequivocally which cell type was the immediate precursor of the antibody-forming cell: thymus or marrow cell. In our laboratory we have attacked the problem by using cell suspensions rather than thymus grafts. A mixture of thymus and bone marrow cells from unrelated strains of mice was inoculated together with sheep erythrocytes into irradiated hosts. Under these conditions no hemolysin response was obtained, I suggesting that interaction does not take place between allogeneic cells immediately upon transfer to irradiated recipients. Neonatally thymectomized mice were then used as hosts of syngeneic or allogeneic thymus cells injected together with sheep erythrocytes. Since the marrow of neonatally thymectomized rodents
Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: the Edinburgh posterior approach.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is now well established as an alternative to open thoracotomy for major pulmonary resections of bronchogenic carcinoma and benign disease (1,2). Compared to open surgery, the minimally invasive approach has a number of benefits in the immediate post-operative period that include reduced pain, better pulmonary function, shorter hospital stay, improved cosmesis and lower risk of developing pneumonia (3-7). VATS lobectomy is equivalent to open surgery in terms of oncological outcomes, is less immunomodulatory and enables more patients to commence and complete adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens (7-10). Furthermore, minimally invasive techniques are cost effective and at least equivalent to open techniques in terms of long-term survival (11-13). Whilst the anterior approach is preferred by many surgeons, the main advantages of the posterior approach in our experience is the excellent view that is obtained of the posterior hilum which facilitates dissection of the bronchi and branches of the pulmonary artery. In addition, the mediastinal node packets are clearly seen, allowing thorough lymphadenectomy. Importantly, in the posterior approach the tips of the instruments come towards the camera and are therefore easily seen whilst in use increasing the safety of dissection. More than 800 VATS major pulmonary resections have been performed in our centre over the last 20 years and we here describe our method for fissure-based VATS lobectomy using a posterior approach.
Derivation of viscous correction terms for the isothermal quantum Euler model

The aim of this paper is to compute viscous correction terms for the isothermal quantum Euler system of Degond, Gallego, and Méhats (SIAM Multiscale Model Simul., 6, 2007). We derive this model by using a Chapman‐Enskog expansion up to order 1. In a last part, we consider a situation where the flow is nearly irrotational in order to get a simplified model.
c-Myc Sensitizes Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor-mediated Apoptosis by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor κB Transactivation*

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a key role in suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated apoptosis by inducing a variety of anti-apoptotic genes. Expression of c-Myc has been shown to sensitize cells to TNF-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activation. However, the precise step in the NF-κB signaling pathway and apoptosis modified by c-Myc has not been identified. Using the inducible c-MycER system and c-Myc null fibroblasts, we found that expression of c-Myc inhibited NF-κB activation by interfering with RelA/p65 transactivation but not nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Activation of c-Myc promoted TNF-induced release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol because of the inhibition of NF-κB. Furthermore, we found that NF-κB-inducible gene A1 was attenuated by expression of c-Myc and that the restoration of A1 expression suppressed c-Myc-induced TNF sensitization. Our results elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which c-Myc increases cell susceptibility to TNF-mediated apoptosis, indicating that c-Myc may exhibit its pro-apoptotic activities by repression of cell survival genes.
S 1 Appendix : Cooperative Stochastic Binding and Unbinding Explain Synaptic Size Dynamics and Statistics

In order to determine the appropriate parameter regime for the bidirectional cooperative model, we first analyze its rate equations in the mean-field approximation. This approximation neglects fluctuations altogether, but can provide some information on qualitative behavior on e.g. stability and the existence of phase transitions. We define Θ = S/M to be the fraction of occupied sites on the lattice; with this notation, the fraction obeys the average equation
PATIENTS WITH MIGRAINE PREFER ZOLMITRIPTAN ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET TO SUMATRIPTAN CONVENTIONAL ORAL TABLET

The Zolmitriptan Evaluation versus Sumatriptan Trial (ZEST) assessed patient preference for 2.5 mg zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) or 50 mg sumatriptan conventional tablet in 218 patients with significant migraine disability. Significantly more patients preferred zolmitriptan ODT to sumatriptan conventional tablet (60.1% vs 39.9%; p=0.0130). In terms of efficacy, significantly more patients considered zolmitriptan ODT to be an effective migraine treatment than sumatriptan conventional tablet (77% vs 63%; p=0.0063). When asked about specific formulation attributes, significantly more patients selected zolmitriptan ODT as the least disruptive therapy (83.6% vs 16.4%), the easiest to take (85.5% vs 14.5%), the most convenient to take (86.1% vs 13.9%), and the one which enabled them to maintain an active lifestyle (65.5% vs 34.5%), compared with the sumatriptan conventional tablet (all comparisons p<0.001). Zolmitriptan ODT is a convenient and beneficial alternative to conventional tablets and is preferred to sumatriptan conventional tablets by migraineurs.
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among College Students: A Comparison Between Athletes and Nonathletes

Objective: Given the substantial increase in nonmedical prescription drug use in recent years and a lack of research on the topic, the author analyzed data on nonmedical prescription drug use among college students. Participants and Methods: Using data from the 2001 College Alcohol Study (N = 10,904), the author examined variation in nonmedical prescription drug use on the basis of athletic involvement. Previous research shows that college athletes are at greater risk for certain types of substance use. Results: Findings indicate that athletes are less likely to report nonmedical prescription drug use than are nonathletes. Conclusions: This shows that involvement in athletics, especially for women, is a protective factor for substance use among college students.
’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Stardust Wild 2 Dust Measurements Book

During its passage through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2 in January 2004 to collect dust particles for return to the Earth, instruments on Stardust made extensive measurements of the dust coma environment. The inner coma was characterized by many narrow jets, imaged by the Navigation Camera. Dust fluxes measured by the Dust Flux Monitor Instrument (DFMI) revealed a highly non-uniform spatial distribution, with short duration bursts of impacts implying localized spatial density changes of orders of magnitude on scales of less than a km as well as a second period of high activity ~4000 km from the nucleus where almost 80% of the detected impacts occurred. The Cometary and Interstellar Dust Analyzer (CIDA) obtained 29 dust impact mass spectra near closest approach. The spacecraft Attitude Control System (ACS) detected one event attributable to a large particle impact. The overall mass distribution in the inner coma was dominated by the largest grains, with an average cumulative mass distribution index of α=0.75±0.05 (where the number of particles of mass m or larger, N(m)∝m). The mass distribution was consistent with the ACS detection but not with the CIDA results which implied an impact rate a factor of 10 lower. The mass distribution was also highly variable during the flyby, and during the second period of high activity, small grains dominated, with α=1.13±0.2. The enormous variations in dust spatial density over distances of a few hundred metres, have been interpreted as the result of jets and distributed particle fragmentation, with the second period of high activity resulting from outgassing and/or fragmentation of a large (10s of metres diameter) boulder. This interpretation has been received with some skepticism. We review the data, the evidence for fragmentation and refute the criticisms leveled at this interpretation. Data from other comets indicate that the same processes may have occurred and therefore may be common in comets in general.