Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It May Happen: Endometrioma from Hemorrhagic Corpus Luteum

The demonstration of a direct transition to endometrioma from a follicle or a hemorrhagic corpus luteum has been described in few studies, it remains the classical theory describing pathogenesis of endometriomas from entrapment of blood due to invagination of the superficial ovarian coelomic epithelium with subsequent metaplasia in typical glandular epithelium and stroma has been described by Nisolle and Donnez (1). It sometimes may result impossible to think that an endometrioma may develop from a functional structure such as a corpus luteum, however it is an implication to be considered. Somigliana et al. confirmed that ovulation may be considered a critical process involved in the origin of endometriomas and studied the management of endometriosis in the infertile patient (2).
The potential of using rumen microbial gene abundances to improve feed efficiency in beef cattle

The main aim of this study was to elucidate whether rumen microbial gene abundances (RMGA) can be used to predict residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and its component traits: daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), and thus RMGA could be applied as indirect trait for breeding of feed efficiency in beef cattle. RMGA were generated by whole metagenomic sequencing of rumen microbial DNA samples from 42 beef cattle, with extreme low and high FCR, selected from two feed efficiency trials. The results of the PLS analysis indicated that RMGA showed substantial potential to be used as predictors for RFI, FCR and its components DFI and ADG explaining 55 to 73% of their variation. While only 12 and 23 microbial genes were significantly associated with RFI and DFI, respectively, there were 166 and 167 affecting ADG and FCR. RFI and DFI were influenced partly by the same microbial genes and combined in the same microbial network clusters as was also the case for FCR and ADG. The results elucidate the likely potential of RMGA to predict the difficult and costly to measure trait feed efficiency, but have to be confirmed under the more challenging conditions of practical breeding programmes.
An Overview of the Factor-augmented Error-Correction Model

The Factor-augmented Error Correction Model (FECM) generalizes the factor-augmented VAR (FAVAR) and the Error Correction Model (ECM), combining error-correction, cointegration and dynamic factor models. It uses a larger set of variables compared to the ECM and incorporates the long-run information lacking from the FAVAR because of the latter's specification in differences. In this paper we review the specification and estimation of the FECM, and illustrate its use for forecasting and structural analysis by means of empirical applications based on Euro Area and US data.
Convergence Analysis of General Version of Gauss-Type Proximal Point Method for Metrically Regular Mappings

We introduce and study in the present paper the general version of Gauss-type proximal point algorithm (in short GG-PPA) for solving the inclusion , where T is a set-valued mapping which is not necessarily monotone acting from a Banach space X to a subset of a Banach space Y with locally closed graph. The convergence of the GG-PPA is present here by choosing a sequence of functions with , which is Lipschitz continuous in a neighbourhood O of the origin and when T is metrically regular. More precisely, semi-local and local convergence of GG-PPA are analyzed. Moreover, we present a numerical example to validate the convergence result of GG-PPA.
Rapid Bayesian inference of heritability in animal models without convergence problems

The rapid advancement in genome sequencing techniques allows the dissection of complex traits of non‐model organisms of importance in evolutionary biology, conservation genetics, breeding and medicine. This advancement requires new statistical analysis tools that can handle large amount of sequencing data efficiently. We propose an analytic Bayesian implementation of the mixed linear model which allows rapid and robust inferences of heritability. The two main features of the method are (i) breeding values and residual variance component are analytically integrated out of the model and (ii) the parameter space of the variance ratio parameter is discretized so that a Gibbs sampling distribution can be utilized. We propose further two separate methods to infer breeding values that acknowledge uncertainty of the learned heritability. The benefit of the method compared to a standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is visualized on public data sets: two simulated data sets and one Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pedigree. Results show that while the accuracy of inferred heritability obtained by the proposed and standard methods are almost identical, the computational performance is very encouraging: up to hundred fold speed up and the possibility to make parallel implementation is particularly appealing here, which may further speed up computations. The method allows analysis using a non‐invertible relationship matrix so that ad hoc manipulation is avoided which can be important as our results imply. We completely avoid convergence and mixing problems here: this is a well‐known problem of MCMC simulation, which sometimes can severely reduce the inferential power. Bayes factors for model comparisons can be conveniently calculated as a by‐product of the inference procedure. The source code will be available for download at http://www.rni. helsinki.fi/~mjs.
The Role of Neophobia in Determining the Degree of Foraging Specialization in Some Migrant Warblers

I conducted experiments to examine the psychological basis of foraging specialization in Dendroica warblers. The focus of the experiments was a comparison of wild-caught, immature bay-breasted and chestnut-sided warblers; I have studied the foraging ecology of these species during the winter in Panama. During the nonbreeding season, the bay-breasted warbler is a generalized forager compared to the chestnut-sided warbler. Individuals of four other species of Dendroica were tested in similar experiments to see how bay-breasted and chestnut-sided warblers compared with the genus as a whole. Consistent with field observations, chestnut-sided warblers obtained hidden mealworms from fewer unfamiliar objects than did bay-breasted warblers. They approached a similar number of objects, but were more timid and ambivalent. When offered a variety of "model microhabitats" with a conspicuous and familiar reward, chestnut-sided warblers were far more hesitant to approach and would often not feed from novel microhabitats. Individuals of all six species of Dendroica had consistent rankings in how rapidly they fed at the model microhabitats. This variation had a species-specific component, with bay-breasted warblers feeding most rapidly and chestnut-sided warblers feeding most hesitantly. These results suggest that the number of microhabitats visited by a warbler is the result of a dynamic interaction of attraction and fear. Individuals and species with greater aversion to novel foraging situations may be more specialized than less neophobic warblers. Shifts in a neophobia threshold may provide a relatively simple mechanism for varying foraging specialization among closely related species.
Transition from localized surface plasmon resonance to extended surface plasmon-polariton as metallic nanoparticles merge to form a periodic hole array

We present results of experiments to determine the dispersion of the plasmon modes associated with periodic silver nanoparticle and nanohole arrays fabricated using an extension of the nanosphere lithography technique. Ordered monolayers of polystyrene nanospheres were used as a deposition mask through which silver was deposited by thermal evaporation, subsequent removal of the nanospheres thus leaving an array of metallic nanoparticles. By reactive-ion etching of the nanospheres in an oxygen plasma prior to silver deposition, arrays consisting of particles of increasing size were fabricated. The extremities of the particles eventually merge to create a continuous metallic network perforated by subwavelength holes, thus allowing a study of the particle-hole transition. Combining optical measurements of transmittance and reflectance with information gained using scanning electron microscopy, three separate regimes were observed. For low etch times the samples comprise mainly individual nanoparticles and the optical response is dominated by localized surface plasmon resonances that show no dispersion. As the etch time is increased almost all of the nanoparticles merge with adjacent particles, although many defects are present-notably where some particles fail to merge, a small gap being left between them. The presence of these defects prevents an abrupt structural transition from metallic nanoparticles to a continuous metallic film perforated by an array of nanoholes. The presence of such gaps also results in dispersion data that lack clearly defined features. A further increase in etch time leads to samples with no gaps: instead, a continuous metal film perforated by a nanohole array is produced. The optical response of these structures is dominated by extended surface plasmon-polariton modes.
Analysis of Intermittent Measurement for KF-based SLAM

This paper investigates the impact of intermittent measurement to the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) of a mobile robot. Intermittent measurement is a condition when the mobile robot lost its measurement data during observations due to sensor failure or imperfection of the system. SLAM is an estimation process that requires measurement data recursively for data update. The analysis focused on the effect of intermittent measurement on the position estimation and state error covariance during intermittent and after intermittent occurred. From the analysis, it can be concluded that intermittent measurement may lead to incorrect estimation of robot pose and its error covariance.
Linear polarization of submillimetre masers. Tracing magnetic fields with ALMA

Context. Once ALMA full polarization capabilities are offered, it will become possible to perform detailed studies of polarized maser emission towards star-forming regions and late-type stars, such as ( post-) asymptotic giant branch stars and young planetary nebulae. To derive the magnetic field orientation from maser linear polarization, a number of conditions involving the rate of stimulated emission R, the decay rate of the molecular state Gamma, and the Zeeman frequency g Omega need to be satisfied. Aims. The goal of this work is to investigate if SiO, H2O and HCN maser emission within the ALMA frequency range can be detected with observable levels of fractional linear polarization in the regime where the Zeeman frequency is greater than the stimulated emission rate. Methods. We used a radiative transfer code to calculate the fractional linear polarization as a function of the emerging brightness temperature for a number of rotational transition of SiO, H2O and HCN that have been observed to display maser emission at submillimetre wavelengths. We assumed typical magnetic field strengths measured towards galactic star-forming regions and circumstellar envelopes of late-type stars from previous VLBI observations. Since the Lande g-factors have not been reported for the different rotational transitions we modelled, we performed our calculations assuming conservative values of the Zeeman frequency for the different molecular species. Results. Setting a lower limit for the Zeeman frequency that still satisfies the criteria g Omega > R and g Omega > Gamma, we find fractional polarization levels of up to 13%, 14% and 19% for the higher J transitions analysed for SiO, H2O and HCN, respectively, without considering anisotropic pumping or any other non-Zeeman effect. These upper limits were calculated assuming a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the maser radiation. Conclusions. According to our results, SiO, H2O, and HCN maser emission within the ALMA frequency range can be detected with suitable linear polarization to trace the magnetic field structure towards star-forming regions and late-type stars even if the detected polarization has been enhanced by non-Zeeman effects.
Therapeutic Decisions Often Cannot be Maintained for One Year in Crohn's Disease Patients

Objective: In Crohn's disease (CD) major therapeutic decisions are triggered by failure of medical therapy or by a flare and are based on various diagnostic modalities, the prior clinical course and the patient’s perception. We analyzed, whether under real world conditions a therapeutic decision can be maintained over 12 months or needs to be adjusted in this time. Methods: In 50 patients diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) studies were used as an indicator for the need to make a therapeutic decision. Decisions were based on the prior clinical course, endoscopy, ultrasound, DW MRI and the patient’s perception of the situation and were categorized as surgery (A), no change (B) or intensification of medical therapy (C). The clinical course was analyzed using CDAI and CRP at 3, 6 and 12 months follow up. Results: 33 of 50 patients had a failure of medical therapy and 17 of 50 had a flare in absence of medical therapy. The median disease duration was 8 years. Group A: In 13 patients surgery for fibro-stenosis or a penetrating complication induced remission lasting for 12 months. Group B: In 17 cases medical therapy initially was kept unchanged. As a group they had a wide range of CDAI values. During 1 year 3 of 17 went on to intensified medication, and 5 of 17 were operated, eventually leading to clinical response or remission. Group C: 20 patients changed to intensified medication, 3 of these 20 were later operated. In group C CDAI improvement lasted longer in those with a disease duration ≤ 5 years. Conclusion: In CD therapeutic decisions often cannot be maintained but need to be adjusted even during 1 year. The likelihood to err is highest if the initial decision is to leave the existing medical therapy unchanged.
Ultraviolet Photodetection Properties of ZnO/Si Heterojunction Diodes Fabricated by ALD Technique Without Using a Buffer Layer

The fabrication and characterization of a Si/ZnO thin film heterojunction ultraviolet photodiode has been presented in this paper. ZnO thin film of ~100 nm thick was deposited on Silicon (Si) wafer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirms that as-deposited ZnO thin film has excellent visible-blind UV response with almost no defects in the visible region. The room temperature current-voltage characteristics of the n-ZnO thin film/p-Si photodiodes are measured under an UV illumination of 650 <W at 365 nm in the applied voltage range of ±2V. The current-voltage characteristics demonstrate an excellent UV photoresponse of the device in its reverse bias operation with a contrast ratio of ~ 1115 and responsivity of ~0.075 A/W at 2 V reverse bias voltage.
ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN THE PATIENTS OF PROSTATE CANCER

Cancer is defined as a relatively autonomous growth of tissues. The cells which divide abnormally having uncontrolled growth. The agent that is responsible for causing cancer is termed as carcinogen and the process of cancer development is referred to as carcinogenesis and the agents which increases the frequency with which normal cells are converted to transformed cells are said to be carcinogenic. In addition to being most commonly encountered cancer among men, prostate cancer is second leading cause of death among cancers, following lung cancer Some trace elements like zinc, iron and copper play important role in the development or proliferation of tumor cell. It has been illustrated that in case of prostate cancer, cellular level of Zinc decreases, in contrast of which cellular level of copper and iron increases. Alteration in the levels of these trace elements causes increased growth and proliferation of the cells, which on progression acquire malignant properties. And thus they play an indirect role in development of prostate cancer. Thus variation in the levels of these trace elements may have a causative effect on prostate cancer. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 7, 831-845. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF DRIFT-DIFFUSION AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS FOR AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Gallium Nitride based HEMTs because of their peculiar material properties are widely used to realize high power, high frequency communication device and very much suitable for bio-sensing application. But to realize AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for these application many issues are remain to investigate for further improvement in the device technology like design optimization and other performance limiting factor. In this work we proposed two electron transportation models these are drift-diffusion and hydrodynamic models both having their own feasibility to be used in particular application. Now a day’s hydrodynamic model is becoming more popular as this model is suitable for deep submicron technology where conventional drift-diffusion model fails to deliver accurate results in case of deep submicron technology the reason is that drift diffusion model neglects some phenomenal effects like velocity overshoot and diffusion associated with the carrier. As drift-diffusion model require little parameterization so this model require less time to simulate the device on the other hand Hydrodynamic model require more parameterization so the time require for its simulation is more. These transportation models are design and simulated using commercially available software silvaco-ATLAS and the results obtained after the simulation of drift-diffusion and hydrodynamic models are compared and analyzed to better understand the device characteristic for further improvement in device technology.
Dynamism of Antimicrobial Activity of Actinomycetes—A Case Study from Undisturbed Microbial Niche

Escalation of drug resistant microbes (bacteria) had forced researchers to search new and improved therapeutic compounds from different possible sources, including metabolites secreted by the actinomycetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial actinomycetes from physiologically distinct soil of different geographical locations. Forty five soil samples were collected from 5 districts of Gujarat including two sanctuaries as source of survey for bioactive actinomycetes. Crowded plate technique was used for isolation and Agar cylinder method was employed for the antimicrobial screening. A total of 171 actinomycetes were isolated and screened against eighteen pathogens responsible for causing diseases in plants and humans. Results indicate that 79% of the isolates were active against at least one of the eighteen tested pathogens. Some of the actinomycetes strain had shown strong antibacterial and antifungal activity which may be a good source of obtaining novel antimicrobials.
A CRITICAL VIEW OF THE EVIDENCE FOR A SOUTHERN AFRICAN ORIGIN OF BEHAVIOURAL MODERNITY

The Middle Stone Age of southern Africa has produced a wealth of new data that points to this region as a centre for cultural development during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. In South Africa it has become scientifically fashionable and politically expedient in recent years to emphasize these important findings and to suggest that southern Africa represents the source of behavioural modernity. While a case can be made for this point of view, this paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of this hypothesis and ultimately rejects the idea of a monocentric southern African origin in favour of a model for a historically contextualized, polycentric rise of cultural modernity. This model for Mosaic Polycentric Modernity (MPM), while not denying the unique role of Africa in the later phases of human evolution, better matches the global archaeological record than the models emphasizing strictly African origins.
CONTROLLABLE FACTORS IMPACT ON CONSUMER ONLINE BEHAVIOUR

The adoption and diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (further: ICT) between an enterprise and consumers continues to grow. ICT brings new opportunities for enterprises, particularly enabling them to enter the virtual global market as well as develop sales activities in this market. Growing ICT adoption intensifies competition between companies giving wider choice for online consumers. In this context enterprises strive to understand online consumer behaviour in order to better satisfy consumer needs and stay ahead of competition. The paper aims to develop conceptual framework of key controllable factors of consumer behaviour and empirically identify the main ones. Considering the works of various scholars the conceptual model is developed basing on Intention, Adoption, and Continuance model proposed by Limayem, Cheung and Chan (2005). The proposed model consists of 2 stages – intention and adoption as in this paper consumer behaviour is analyzed. The continuance stage refers to repeating purchase, so this stage is excluded from the proposed model. Most of the researchers consider controllable and uncontrollable factors. From the point of the company controllable factors attract most of the attention as these factors can be influenced. The proposed conceptual model is based on the “Intention – Adoption” approach rather than on the traditional buying decision model. The value of the paper is reflected through the identification of key factors affecting online purchase behaviour in Lithuania. These factors should be carefully considered by online traders as they impact consumer decision to purchase online. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.em. 19.1. 5692
Success Strategies Saudi Entrepreneurs Used to Navigate Through Regulations in Jeddah

Saudi Arabian entrepreneurs face major difficulties with the country’s complex regulatory system. Based on Schumpeter’s theory of entrepreneurship, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to reveal the lived experiences of Saudi entrepreneurs in navigating regulatory procedures in Jeddah. Data were collected through prolonged, face-toface phenomenological interviews with 22 Saudi businesspeople who started successful businesses. The van Kaam method and member checking helped validate the transcribed data, which were subsequently coded into 4 themes. Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) obstacles in regulatory processes, (b) lack of information, (c) cumbersome procedures and need for alternatives to stringent protocols, and (d) persistence strategies needed to maneuver through inflexible regulations. For entrepreneurship progress according to the selected individuals, business rules needed to be comprehensible, shorter, and less bureaucratic. The analysis in this research suggest that, once entrepreneurship rules are transparent, Saudi Arabia may become a choice country for international businesses. These findings have implications for positive social change by informing the efforts of governmental authorities in their work towards effective regulatory processes as roadways to the economic well-being of businesses and communities, and could be a catalyst to boost foreign investments in the country.