Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the impact of placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria on perinatal outcome in Nigeria

Apparently healthy women at full pregnancy term were enrolled. At child birth, maternal and placental malaria parasite microscopy, fetal length and head circumference and birth weight were determined using standard techniques. P. falciparum was found in the peripheral blood of 48(16.0%) of the 300 women studied. Women with peripheral malaria infection had significantly higher proportion (54.2%) of placental infection than those without peripheral malaria (3.5%) (χ2=94.4, P<0.05). Of the 278 placental blood samples analyzed, 34(12.2%) had malaria parasites. A significantly higher proportion (33.3%) of malaria infected placentas had the lowest placental weight (0.4kg) (χ2=6.99, P<0.05) and a higher proportion of babies born by mothers with malaria infected placenta had low birth weight (<2.5kg). A higher proportion of infected placenta was associated with lower fetal length and head circumference, although no significant difference was observed (P>0.05). Effective linkages between malaria control and antenatal care programs are advocated to improve perinatal outcome.
A GLIMPSE ON SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION: In the recent past solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are escalating at a faster rate. Solid lipid nanoparticles introduced in 1991, signify an alternative carrier system to traditional colloidal carriers, such as emulsions, liposomes and polymeric microand nanoparticles. SLN are sub-micron colloidal carriers ranging from 10 to 1000 nm, composed of physiological lipid dispersed in water or in aqueous surfactant solution. SLN offer unique properties such as small size, large surface area, high drug loading, and interaction of phases at the interface and are attractive for their potential to improve performance of pharmaceuticals. Nanoparticles are attracting major attention as novel colloidal drug carrier for intravenous applications as they have been proposed as an alternative particulate carrier system. Development of solid lipid nanoparticles is one of the emerging fields of lipid nanotechnology with numerous potential applications in drug delivery, clinical medicine and research, as well as in varied discipline. Particulate drug carriers investigated for many years include oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, liposomes, microparticles and nanoparticles based on synthetic polymers or natural macromolecules. Solid lipid nanoparticles are one of the novel potential colloidal carrier systems as alternative materials to polymers which is identical to oil in water emulsion for parenteral nutrition, but the liquid lipid of the emulsion has been replaced by a solid lipid shown on Fig. 1. They have many advantages such as good biocompatibility, low toxicity and lipophilic drugs are better delivered by solid lipid nanoparticles and the system is physically stable. 2
TEM-assisted dynamic scanning force microscope imaging of (001) antigorite: Surfaces and steps on a modulated silicate

Abstract Ultra-high vacuum dynamic scanning force microscopy (dynamic SFM) has been performed on in situ cleaved and as-grown (001) surfaces of low-T, m = 18 and m = 20, antigorite from the Kovdor Mine, Russia. The internal microstructure of the same crystal before cleavage has been checked by conventional TEM on FIB-cut cross-sections. The structural wave is imaged by dynamic SFM with a ~0.25 nm topographic amplitude (outcropping tetrahedral sheet) on cleaved and as-grown surfaces, and with a ~0.5 nm topographic amplitude (outcropping tetrahedral + octahedral sheets) mostly found on cleaved surfaces. Atomic resolution imaging was successfully applied on the cleavage surface through imaging individual atomic features on the outer hexagonal net of the emerging (Mg, O, OH) octahedra of the half-wave. The antigorite cleavage crack undulates through a single octahedral sheet, thereby avoiding rupture of strong Si-O bonds. The two tetrahedral reversals, which form the edges of the modulation repeat, are found to be strongly non-equivalent in structure: across <010>, one reversal is sharp as expected from the standard models of the antigorite structure, whereas the other reversal is unexpectedly “extended. ” The latter suggests some scheme of anti-polar positioning of silicate tetrahedra along <010> at the 6-membered ring reversal. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) structure imaging of antigorite viewed down to <010> confirms spread out electron densities at this reversal. Numerous step height measurements on (001) surfaces show incremental results as integral multiples of 0.25 nm, the spacing between O,OH surfaces along c*. Many of them differ in height from integral multiples of the unit cell repeat along c* and could be explained from carving the bulk wave structure. For all surfaces and steps, local stoichiometry and global electro-neutrality of the surface are satisfied.
2 Requirements for Materials and Problems 2 . 1 Requirements for Materials for Extensive Slash Reading

This paper proposes a system for extensive slash reading using Web. Slash reading is one of the most popular and effective methods for learning languages, wherein learners read sentences with slashes at boundaries between sense groups. Since slash reading requires learners to read numerous slashed sentences, this method is a type of extensive reading. However, there are few various, level-suitable and slashed texts as materials at the moment. This research adopts texts on the Web as materials and proposes a system for the method, which can select appropriate texts and insert slashes in an arbitrary sentence. The prototype system is already working on the Internet as a Web server and can be easily accessed by anyone at any time and location.
SOURCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. THEORETICAL INSIGHTS AND A CASE STUDY

Confl ict is a sort of social status in which two or more people either face with disagreement concerning fundamental issues or show emotional hostility towards each other [1]. Confl ict is an interactive process characterized by disagreement and incompatibility and occurring among social creatures, and an interpersonal dynamic process which is shaped in accordance with the internal and external conditions of the parties, affecting individual and group achievement positively or negatively [2]. Confl ict refers to the fabric of our daily life. Historically speaking, men have always been aware of this phenomenon but, unfortunately, due to lack of proper management, it can change into hostility. Therefore, today, the human resource within organizations possesses an unpleasant background about confl ict and considers it a negative phenomenon. This problem occurs when two or more people confront SOURCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT
Ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

We propose a radical advance in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRI remains slow because it requires successive applications of magnetic field gradients to encode for spatial location. Parallel MRI accelerates imaging by permitting undersampling of k-space using multiple detectors, each with a unique spatial sensitivity to the radio field emitted by the object. This is called spatial sensitivity encoding. A fourfold undersampling means a fourfold acceleration, however a five-fold undersampling cannot be reconstructed. This is because too much reliance is placed on spatial sensitivity encoding, and spatial sensitivity encoding is less efficient than gradient encoding when the detectors are large. On the contrary, we hypothesized that when very large numbers of very small detectors are deployed, it would render spatial sensitivity encoding efficient, and would allow complete elimination of gradient reversals and therefore extremely rapid MR imaging. Since each detector receives all of the signal from all of the object all of the time, signal is expected to be high, and each detector is predicted to receive signal of the same order of magnitude as one large detector in conventional MRI. Moreover, the elimination of gradients removes the major source of electrical noise. Unexpectedly, therefore, we anticipate that signal-to-noise (SNR) will be high. By means of a detailed simulation, in which the exact Hertzian radio field is simulated for each of 32x32x32 voxels interacting with each of 1024 detector loops, we demonstrate that 3-dimensional MR images can indeed be acquired very quickly. Nevertheless, we also simulated imaging in the presence of unforeseen sources of noise, and found that image reconstruction is resistant to noise, even with unrealistically low SNR values. In summary, high quality volumetric MRI is likely to be achievable in milliseconds.
Designing in a group:how does knowing each other influence design projects

This paper presents a study of engineering design groups that seeks to explain how knowing other participants can influence processes and outcomes in design projects. Research in this paper contributes a framework to approach understanding how interpersonal relationships influence group processes and outcomes. This acknowledges that engineering design is achieved through individuals working in groups. First a temporal perspective is introduced to understand how individuals (through interpersonal relationships), group processes and outcomes influence each other; secondly identity is presented as a theme to focus on how knowing other participants identity influences group processes and outcomes. Within this framework it is recognised that engineering design has different levels of complexity of which two aspects are considered: design type and design setting. These aspects place different demands on a project group and its members and this structure provides an opportunity for cross case analysis to generalise findings.
Lateral dynamics of a bicycle with passive rider model

This paper addresses the influence of a passive rider on the lateral dynamics of a Whipple-like bicycle model. In the original Whipple [8] model the rider is assumed to be rigidly connected to the rear frame of the bicycle and there are no hands on the handlebar. Contrary, in normal bicycling the arms of a rider are connected to the handlebar and the rider can use both steering and upper body rotations for control. From observations [2, 6] two distinct rider postures can be identified. The first posture is where the upper body leans forward with the arms stretched to the handlebar, and the upper body twists while steering. The second rider posture is an upright one where the upper body stays fixed with respect to the rear frame and where the arms, hinging at the shoulders and the elbows, exert the control force on the steering. Models can be made where neither posture adds any degrees of freedom to the original Whipple-like bicycle model. For both posture cases the open loop, or uncontrolled, dynamics of the bicycle-rider system is investigated and compared to the rigid rider model by examining the eigenvalues and eigenmotions in the 0 to 10 m/s forward speed range. It is shown that such a passive rider can dramatically change the eigenvalues and its structure with respect to those of the rigid rider model.
Rhythm in Translations.

This research is an attempt at the elucidation of the significance of rhythmic in translations. According to Eugene A. Nada’s functional equivalence, the comprehensive effect which the receptors of the versions get should be the same as the one the readers of the original get, and since rhythm is an integral part of the style, rhythm should be realized in translations.
Major Qualifying Projects ( All Years ) Major Qualifying Projects April 2019 Metric-Based Classification of Graph Vertices

In their 2013 paper, Cao et. al introduce the diffusion state distance (DSD) metric on graphs for use in the vertex labeling problem on protein-protein interaction networks. We generalize their classification approach, which uses weighted k-nearest neighbors voting, to work with any graph metric. We analyze the performance of this approach on graphs resembling real-world networks using shortest-path distance, DSD, and resistance distance. To this end, we propose novel simulation models to generate labeled scale-free and small-world networks, and perform label prediction experiments on the simulated graphs as well as real-world networks. We conclude that the DSDbased prediction algorithm exhibits more robust community awareness than the ones using the other metrics.
Elementary School Science Teachers’ Belief About Science and Science Teaching in Constructivist Landscape

The study explored the proximity of Japanese science teachers’ (both practicing and prospective) beliefs about science and teaching of science in the backdrop of the principles of teaching and learning suggested by constructivism. Furthermore, a comparison of Japanese and Pakistani practicing science teacher’s beliefs about science and science teaching was also studied. Five domains were identified in which teacher’s beliefs were more likely to affect the classroom practices. A questionnaire, comprising of 28 statements, was made based upon the five domains of beliefs already identified. The data was collected form 314 teachers/prospective teachers, which include 159 Japanese practicing teachers from nine different districts of Japan, 85 prospective science teachers enrolled in teacher training undergraduate course in Tokyo Gakugei University, and 70 Pakistani science teachers from Lahore metropolitan area. From results it was evident that the assumption about different types of science teachers’ having different beliefs about science and science teaching was valid. There were differences among different types of teachers and across different domains of beliefs. But overall there was more proconstructivist tendency among Japanese teachers of all categories as compared to Pakistani science teachers.
A System for Electro-Mechanical Reliability Testing of MEMS Devices

This paper reports on a setup and a method that enables automated analysis of mechanical stress impact on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In this setup both electrical and optical inspection are available. Reliability testing is possible on a single chip as well as on the wafer level. Mechanical stress is applied to the tested structure with programmable static forces up to 3.6 N and dynamic loads at frequencies up to 20 Hz. The applications of the presented system include the postmanufacturing test, characterization and stress screens as well as reliability studies. We report preliminary results of long-term reliability testing obtained for a CMOS-based stress sensor.
Electron Emission Properties of GaAsN/GaAs Quantum Well Containing N-Related Localized States: The Influence of Illuminance

This study elucidates the electron emission properties of GaAsN/GaAs quantum well containing N-related localized states under illumination. The N-related localized states in a GaAsN quantum well (QW) are identified as both optical and electrical electron trap states. The mechanisms for the responses of current–voltage (I–V) measurement under illumination and photocapacitance are investigated. N-related localized states in GaAsN QW can extend response range and response sensitivity on photocapacitance, and produce an additional current path for photo-generated electron–hole pairs. Furthermore, exactly how illumination influences the electron emission rate of GaAsN QW electron state is examined. The electron emission rate of GaAsN QW electron state can be modulated by different incident photon energy, which is due to the modulation of depletion width of the bottom GaAs.
Evaluation of Charge Transfer Blocks in CP Circuit Topologies

Harvested energy major challenge in self-powered devices is due to its low power energy supply. Therefore, a charge pump is required to overcome this constraint. Charge pumps are inductorless DC-DC converters that have the ability to transfer charge to the high level through the effectiveness of switches to turn on and off at the designated clock phases. This paper investigates the features of charge transfer switches in two and four-phase charge pump. The charge pumps have been evaluated in terms of the output voltage and leakage current in charge transfer block. The sizing of transistor, frequency, stage and load capacitance have been optimized. The rise time has been analysed over the stage and load capacitance. The correlation on the performance of charge pump has been observed. The charge pumps have been simulated in 130nm standard CMOS process.
Research on improving accuracy of Cardiac Disorder data analysis based on Random Forest classifier

In order to prove that the improved RF algorithm had higher accuracy, the comparing analysis was conducted adapting ECG data. In pre-processing stage, Band-pass Filter was adapted among Wavelet transform, Median Filter, Finite impulse response and others. As a result, the modified Random Forest classifier showed increased more accuracy than SVM, MLP and other researchers' results. Thus, continuous studies on the selection of the filters and methods, which can efficiently delete baseline-wandering at pre-processing phase and accurately extract R-R interval, should be taken place.
New Procedure for Measuring Dynamic MPP-Tracking Efficiency at Grid-Connected PV Inverters

At locations, where there are often variable cloudy conditions, besides the static also the dynamic MPPT-behaviour has to be considered. In the long-term monitoring projects performed by the PV laboratory of BFH- TI, it could be shown that dynamic MPP-tracking problems actually occur. In a paper presented at the 21 st EU PV conference in 2006, first results of dynamic MPP-tracking tests carried out with quasi rectangular variations between two different power levels were presented (3). Such tests can easily be realised with high measurement accuracy and give a good insight in the control behaviour of the inverter. More realistic are tests with ramps with rising and falling slopes of current (proportional to irradiance G) or MPP- power. It is more difficult to realise such tests with a high measuring accuracy. Like for static tests, before the start of a dynamic MPP-tracking test an initial set-up time is needed for stabilisation of the MPP-tracker in order to have a defined starting position. This stabilisation period is followed by a few test cycles during the actual measuring period TM. Inverters are always a little behind the effective MPP, therefore the offered MPP-power is not absorbed completely after a change. In this paper, these test patterns (according to the proposed new standard for inverter per- formance FprEN50530), results of many tests with them at different inverters and possible problems are discussed.
The management of built heritage: A comparative review of policies and practice in Western Europe, North America and Australia

Internationally, patterns of government policy are trending away from traditional approaches to the conservation of the built heritage involving direct public funding, limiting subsidy and acquisition to the most cherished exemplars of national character. The evolving contemporary approach is one of partnership between stakeholders in the public and private domain to leverage their relative strengths whilst recognizing the constraints of market conditions and public sector imperatives. As a consequence of the limited ability of the untrammelled property market to incorporate values of cultural heritage which accord with those held by the broader voting public a continuum of legislative regimes has been generated across diverse jurisdictions to protect such buildings and places in accordance with local preferences. The physical – and often dramatic last minute – on-site confrontations with bulldozers which accompanied many early instances of saving built heritage have metamorphosed into less visible but often equally committed encounters in the milieu of the legislature or courtroom. Building on Pickerill’s (2002 & 2007) work in North America and Western Europe, this paper will compare funding mechanisms, stakeholder involvement and area based heritage conservation models from Western Europe and North America with those of Australia. More specifically, the domain of enquiry will consider Pickerill’s bifurcated model of the new governance of financing for conservation which recognizes the duality of tool knowledge and design knowledge. Examples from practice in Europe, America and Australia will provide an illustration of these mechanisms.
Nonequilibrium dynamics of bosonic atoms in optical lattices: Decoherence of many-body states due to spontaneous emission

We analyze in detail the heating of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice due to incoherent scattering of light from the lasers forming the lattice. Because atoms scattered into higher bands do not thermalize on the time scale of typical experiments, this process cannot be described by the total energy increase in the system alone (which is determined by single-particle effects). The heating instead involves an important interplay between the atomic physics of the heating process and the many-body physics of the state. We characterize the effects on many-body states for various system parameters, where we observe important differences in the heating for strongly and weakly interacting regimes, as well as a strong dependence on the sign of the laser detuning from the excited atomic state. We compute heating rates and changes to characteristic correlation functions based on both perturbation-theory calculations and a time-dependent calculation of the dissipative many-body dynamics. The latter is made possible for one-dimensional systems by combining time-dependent density-matrix-renormalization-group methods with quantum trajectory techniques.
In vivo Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Activity of the Essential Oil of Zanthoxylum armatum

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. is used in traditional medicines as a therapy of many diseases including bronchial asthma. The antiasthmatic effect of Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil was studied using histamine aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and ovalbumin-sensitized albino mice. Absolute eosinophils count in blood, total immunoglobulin E, eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histopathology of lung tissue were investigated. Treatment with Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil significantly increased the time of preconvulsive dyspnoea in histamine-induced guinea pigs. Oral treatment of Zanthoxylum armatum oil showed significant decrease in absolute eosinophils count, serum level of immunoglobulin E and the number of eosinophils, neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histopathological examination of lungs showed that essential oil rescinded bronchial asthma. Results obtained in the present investigation provided evidence that essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum caused bronchorelaxation and showed antiasthmatic properties. The traditional use of Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil against asthma could be attributed to the bronchorelaxation and antiasthmatic activity.
Time Memory Cell VLSI and a High-Speed Serial Interface

A precision variable delay implemented in a LSI is one of the key elements in LHC experiments. Realizing such delay with a PLL technique, we have been developing low-power and high-density pipeline TDC chips for high-rate tracking detectors. The chip, named Time Memory Cell (TMC), has been adopted in several high-rate experiments and is proposed for the muon high-precision tracker of the ATLAS experiment. With this delay element, we also build a simple high-speed parallel-to-serial converter to solve a pin-count problem in trigger chip. The present status of the TMC and the first test results of the parallel-to-serial converter are presented.