Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Non-Dairy Soft Ice Milk with Soy Milk

This study examined the influence of different ratios of soy milk replacement of skim milk (the levels of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 soy milk to skim milk) on the chemical, physical, microbiological and sensory properties of soft ice milk. The results revealed that by increasing the replacement of soy milk the total solids, fat, protein, pH, overrun and viscosity of mixture increased while acidity and melt down decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all treatments. Addition of soy milk in soft ice milk treatments has no significant effect on the counts of total viable bacterial and yeasts and molds. Adding cocoa (1%) in the treatment completely removes the beany flavour of sensory evaluation. Also, soy milk replacement up to 50% has no significant effect on sensory properties. It was found that soft ice milk of SIM4 sample contain greater amount of Na, Ca and Fe while the lowest value of Na, Ca and Fe was recorded in SIM0 sample. The content of isoflavones as daidzein can be varied from 230.40 to 105.13 μg, 100 ml-1 while isoflavones as genistein range from 20 to 4.98 μg, 100 ml-1 for soft ice milk samples. The total phenols and antioxidant contents increased of mixture by increasing of soy milk. Soft ice milk samples contained different concentrations of amino acids. Finally, the best ratio of soft ice milk samples is 50:50 ratio of soy milk to skim milk
Dynamics of infinitely generated nicely expanding rational semigroups and the inducing method

We investigate the dynamics of semigroups of rational maps on the Riemann sphere. To establish a fractal theory of the Julia sets of infinitely generated semigroups of rational maps, we introduce a new class of semigroups which we call nicely expanding rational semigroups. More precisely, we prove Bowen's formula for the Hausdorff dimension of the pre-Julia sets, which we also introduce in this paper. We apply our results to the study of the Julia sets of non-hyperbolic rational semigroups. For these results, we do not assume the cone condition, which has been assumed in the study of infinite contracting iterated function systems. Similarly, we show that Bowen's formula holds for the limit set of a contracting conformal iterated function system without the cone condition.
Inner and outer star forming regions over the disks of spiral galaxies. I. Sample characterization

Context. The knowledge of abundance distributions is central to understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies. Most of the relations employed for the derivation of gas abundances have so far been derived from observations of outer disk HII regions, despite the known differences between inner and outer regions. Aims. Using integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations we aim to perform a systematic study and comparison of two inner and outer HII regions samples. The spatial resolution of the IFS, the number of objects and the homogeneity and coherence of the observations allow a complete characterization of the main observational properties and differences of the regions. Methods. We analyzed a sample of 725 inner HII regions and a sample of 671 outer HII regions, all of them detected and extracted from the observations of a sample of 263 nearby, isolated, spiral galaxies observed by the CALIFA survey. Results. We find that inner HII regions show smaller equivalent widths, greater extinction and luminosities, along with greater values of [NII]{\lambda}6583/H{\alpha} and [OII]{\lambda}3727/[OIII]{\lambda}5007 emission-line ratios, indicating higher metallicites and lower ionization parameters. Inner regions have also redder colors and higher photometric and ionizing masses, although Mion/Mphot is slighty higher for the outer regions. Conclusions. This work shows important observational differences between inner and outer HII regions in star forming galaxies not previously studied in detail. These differences indicate that inner regions have more evolved stellar populations and are in a later evolution state with respect to outer regions, which goes in line with the inside-out galaxy formation paradigm.
Co-Insurance in Mutual Fund Families

We show that fire sales by distressed funds are systematically offset by purchases of other funds in the same family. Our results suggest that these off-exchange trades are mainly the outcome of coordinated strategies at the fund manager level. This type of co-insurance is more likely when (i) there is reciprocity in repeated interactions, (ii) the same manager oversees the funds on both sides of the transaction, and (iii) the distressed fund holds more illiquid assets. Overall, co-insurance diminishes the price impact of widespread selling by distressed funds, and helps illiquid funds pay a lower cost of distress.
UNEMPLOYMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OVER THE BUSINESS CYCLE: EVIDENCE FROM OECD COUNTRIES

This paper examines the low correlation between cyclical productivity and unemployment: from significantly negative before 1980’s, it has switched sign in several OECD countries and became positive. By using a New Keynesian model with sticky prices, search frictions and variable effort, I find that in the U.S. technology shocks can generate positive correlation between productivity and unemployment, while in Europe non-technology shocks generate the same effect. My results suggest that the increase in size of technology shocks and the reduction of the procyclicality of productivity after a non-technology shock in the U.S. can account for changes in correlation. On the other hand, aggregate demand shocks have gained weight in Europe in the last 20 years and explain the positive sign in the unemployment-productivity correlation in these economies.
GEOSPATIAL APPROACH FOR DELINEATING EXTRAPOLATION DOMAINS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract. Sustainable intensification (SI) is a viable pathway to increase agricultural production and improve ecosystem health. Scaling SI technologies in locations with similar biophysical conditions enhance adoption. This paper employs novel extrapolation detection (ExeDet) algorithm and gridded bioclimatic layers to delineate extrapolation domains for improved maize variety (SC719) and inorganic fertilizers (YaraMila-CEREAL® and YaraBela-Sulfan®) in Tanzania. Suitability was based on grain yields recorded in on-farm trials. The ExeDet algorithm generated three maps: (1) the dissimilarity between bioclimatic conditions in the reference trial sites and the target extrapolation domain (Novelty type-1), (2) the magnitude of novel correlations between covariates in extrapolation domain (Novelty type-2) and (3) the most limiting covariate. The novelty type1 and 2 maps were intersected and reclassified into five suitability classes. These classes were cross-tabulated to generate extrapolation suitability index (ESI) for the candidate technology package. An impact based spatial targeting index (IBSTI) was used to identify areas within the zones earmarked as suitable using ESI where the potential impacts for out scaling interventions can be maximized. Application of ESI and IBSTI is expected to guide extension and development agencies to prioritize scaling intervention based on both biophysical suitability and potential impact of particular technology package. Annual precipitation was most limiting factor in largest area of the extrapolation domain. Identification of the spatial distribution of the limiting factor is useful for recommending remedial measures to address the limiting factor that hinder a technology to achieve its full potential. The method outlined in this paper is replicable to other technologies that require extrapolation provided that representative reference trial data and appropriate biophysical grids are available.
A Little Bird Told Me, So I Didn't Believe It: Twitter, Credibility, and Issue Perceptions

This article investigates how media use of the microblogging tool Twitter affects perceptions of the issue covered and the credibility of the information. In contrast to prior studies showing that ordinary blogs are often judged credible, especially by their users, data from 2 experiments show that Twitter is considered less credible than various forms of stories posted on a newspaper Web site, and fails to convey importance as well as a newspaper or blog.
Synthesis of supported Pt alloy 3D rhombus shape nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction

In this study PtFeCo ternary alloy nanoparticles of three dimensional (3D) rhombus shapes dispersed on graphene nanosheets (PtFeCo/Gr) were successfully prepared and studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells. A combination of analytical techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectra, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods have been used for characterization of the synthesized electrocatalysts in this study. For comparison the graphene supported PtFe catalyst (PtFe/Gr), graphene supported PtCo catalyst (PtCo/Gr) binary alloys and graphene supported Pt catalyst (Pt/Gr) were also synthesized and investigated under the same experimental conditions. From the electrochemical analysis, it was found that PtFeCo/Gr particles exhibited an obvious enhancement of ORR activity in comparison with pure Pt and binary alloys. The significantly improved EAS, ORR activity and cell performance is achieved by increasing the utilization of the PtCoFe/ Gr electrocatalyst by increasing the three-phase boundary in the electrocatalyst layer.
Candida albicans proteomic alterations caused by photodynamic treatment with new methylene blue N as evaluated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry

Candida albicans is a human pathogenic fungus mainly affecting immunocompromised patients. Resistance to the commonly used fungicides can lead to poor treatment of mucosal infections which, in turn, can result in life-threatening systemic candidiasis. In this scenario, antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (PDT) has emerged as an effective alternative to treat superficial and localized fungal infections. Microbial death in PDT is a consequence of the oxidation of many cellular biomolecules, including proteins. Here, we report a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry to study protein damage resulting from PDT of C. albicans with new methylene blue N and red light. Two-dimensional gels of treated cells showed an increase in acidic spots in a fluence-dependent manner. Amino acid analysis revealed a decrease in histidine content after PDT which is a plausible explanation for the observed acidic shift. However, some protein spots remained unchanged. Protein identification by mass spectrometry revealed that both modified and unmodified proteins could be localized to the cytoplasm, ruling out subcellular location as the only explanation for damage selectivity. Therefore, we hypothesize that protein modification by PDT is a consequence of both photosensitizer binding affinity and the degree of exposure of photooxidizable residues on the protein surface.
Study of Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Ultrasonic

The wireless power transfer system has been extensively researched both at home and abroad in recent years,The feasibility of the wireless power transmission in air by using the ultrasonic has been studied in this paper.The equivalent circuit of the ultrasonic wireless power transfer system has been obtained by using the methods of the mechanical-electrical equivalence and the analogy.The longitudinal-flexural composite mode ultrasonic transducer matched with the acoustic impedance in air has been designed and the Ansys software was used to analyze the resonance response of the transducer,the electric parameters and the resonance frequency of the transducer have been obtained.A experimental platform of the ultrasonic wireless power transfer system has been built and the relationship between the output voltage of the receive transducer and the distance has been established.The experimental results showed that the ultrosoinc can be used to realize wireless power transmission.
Definably complete Baire structures

We consider definably complete Baire expansions of ordered fields: every definable subset of the domain of the structure has a supremum and the domain cannot be written as the union of a definable increasing family of nowhere dense sets. Every expansion of the real field is definably complete and Baire, and so is every o-minimal expansion of a field. Moreover, unlike the o-minimal case, the structures considered form an axiomatizable class. In this context we prove a version of the Kuratowski–Ulam Theorem, some restricted version of Sard’s Lemma and a version of Khovanskii’s Finiteness Theorem. We apply these results to prove the o-minimality of every definably complete Baire expansion of an ordered field with any family of definable Pfaffian functions.
The international debate on the biosafety of genetically modified crops: scientific review of several cases of debate

There have been several major cases in the international debate on the biosafety of genetically modified (GM) crops, including the following. (i) The case of Pusztai’s claim in 1998 that GM potato with inserted gna gene from snowdrop caused adverse effects on rat health. The peer review led by the UK Royal Society concluded that Pusztai’s results were incorrect in many aspects and no such adverse effects should be inferred from them. (ii) In 1999, Nature published a paper by a group from Cornell University in which it was reported that the larvae of monarch butterfly were killed by the pollen of Bt corn on milkweeds. Subsequent laboratory and field studies have shown that pollen of Bt corn does not harm the monarch butterfly. The decline in population density of the monarch butterfly is caused mainly by the overuse of pesticides and environmental changes occurring in Mexico. (iii) In 1998, volunteer canola resistant to three herbicides was reported in a canola producer’s field in northern Alberta, Canada, which was then called a ‘super weed’ by activists. In fact, ‘super weed’ is not a scientific term and no such case exists in nature: the triple-resistant volunteer canola can be killed by spraying with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (iv) In November 2001, Quist and Chapela published a paper in Nature claiming that DNA sequences similar to the CaMV35S promoter and adh1 gene used in GM corn Bt 11 were found in samples of maize landraces collected from Oaxaca, Mexico. Subsequent scientific analyses demonstrated that the sequence of the 35S promoter detected was an artefact and the sequence of adh1 was adh1-F, a native gene in maize and not the adh1-S transgene used in Bt 11. (v) In June 2002, Greenpeace published a report which stated ‘Bt cotton damaged the environment in China’. The positive benefits of Bt cotton in China were not cited in Greenpeace’s report. The fact is that, as a result of commercialization of Bt cotton, the amount of pesticides used for cotton bollworm control has been dramatically reduced by 70‐80%. Therefore, the population size of predators and the diversity of arthropods in Bt cotton fields have increased drastically, which resulted in a dramatic reduction of the aphid population by 443- to 1546-fold in Bt cotton fields compared with non-Bt cotton fields. Monitoring bollworm populations nationwide in cottongrowing areas has shown that none of them has developed resistance to the Bt protein or to Bt cotton to date. The migration behaviour of the bollworm, the inheritance of insect resistance to Bt controlled by an incomplete recessive gene, the existence of ‘natural refugia’ in multiplecropping systems in North China and the use of transgenic cotton with double genes (Bt/CpTI)
EVALUATION OF THE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOW-LEVEL RESISTANCE TO GLYPHOSATE IN GOOSEGRASS Avaliação do

Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) infests various crops, being reported as low-level resistant (LLR) to glyphosate. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate in goosegrass by the cyt-P450 complex to identify changes in leaf anatomy of these plants and quantify the accumulation of shikimate in biotypes susceptible and with LLR. The metabolic rate was assessed by applying the cyt-P450 malathion inhibitor 30 minutes before the herbicide application. The analysis of the leaf anatomy consisted of a characterization of anatomic cross-sections and evaluation of the effect of glyphosate on the leaf epidermis and the conducting vessels. Plant tissue was collected 24 hours after treatment (HAT) of the dose-response curve to evaluate the accumulation of shikimate. The LLR biotype has not shown glyphosate metabolism by the early application of malathion due to the control of about 65% with or without applying the inhibitor. There is no anatomical evidence to determine the differential absorption of glyphosate by LLR biotypes. However, there is evidence of lower absorption and translocation of glyphosate in this biotype by lower stomatal density and a smaller diameter of the phloem. However, the LLR biotype presents diameter of phloem of 0.027 mm and stomatal density of 91.23 mm-2, values which are below the observed ones on the susceptible biotype. The susceptible biotype presents shikimate accumulation 17% higher compared to the biotype with LLR at a dose of 1,080 g e.a. ha-1, allowing to infer that the resistance mechanism is related to the enzyme insensitivity to the herbicide, which enables the use of appropriate management practices to control this weed.
Visualizing Narrative Threads in a Large Collection of Documents

THURUVAS DINAKARAN, GOWTHAM. Visualizing Narrative Threads in a Large Collection of Documents. (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher G. Healey.) A narrative thread can be defined as a structured sequence of interactions between independent entities. Several narrative threads can intertwine to produce plots. Visualization of narrative threads has gained importance since it can help uncover critical events within a plot. Various techniques have been proposed to visualize a plot based on character interactions, their relationships or their physical co-existence at a location. Although some techniques have considered plot sentiment, they have not been visualized at the thread-level. Unstructured text data have been growing at a rapid pace and a significant percentage is usergenerated, for example, data from social media, e-mail, online product reviews, and so on. Though the definition of a narrative thread for unstructured data is unchanged in this domain, the explicit concept of plot is lost since threads are built from data, which have different origins. Instead, the data can be viewed as containing several narrative threads about a particular idea or a topic. A different set of metrics is necessary to generate and visualize narrative structures within this environment. In this thesis, I develop a novel technique to generate and visualize narrative threads from a large collection of documents. A document includes a wide range of text data, such as a customer support e-mail, a chat transcript or a comment from a social media site. I structure the documents into narrative threads based on properties derived from document clustering and sentiment analysis, then present the results as a line graph that visualizes the interaction between entities in a thread based on their sentiment. © Copyright 2015 by Gowtham Thuruvas Dinakaran All Rights Reserved Visualizing Narrative Threads in a Large Collection of Documents by Gowtham Thuruvas Dinakaran A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
Dermatology Resident Generated Textbook Questions as a Resident-Centered Educational Strategy

Background: Textbook conferences are widely used by dermatology residency programs in the United States to provide educational exposure to the specialty. Typically an entire textbook is reviewed each academic year. However, residents may be uncertain about mastery of the assigned readings. Since most dermatology textbooks do not provide questions about the material presented at the end of each chapter, an innovative senior resident from our program wrote questions about each chapter and offered them to the other residents prior to scheduled discussions of the assigned materials. Methods: A pilot study for resident generated quizzes about assigned textbook reading in general dermatology was developed, implemented, and assessed by anonymous completion of a Likert Scale by participants. Results: Participants indicated that quizzes better prepared them for the annual dermatology in-service examination and they thought that the additional creation of quiz materials in the subspecialty areas of dermatopathology and dermatologic surgery would be useful. Conclusion: Resident generated quizzes are a novel approach to the learning environment during dermatology residency for residency programs and may be useful for other residency programs that utilize textbook conferences. Additional research is needed.
A Factor Decomposition on China’s Carbon Emission from 1997 to 2012 Based on IPAT-LMDI Model

We probe into the key factors that possess significant effects on China’s CO2 emissions during 1997–2012 on the basis of IPAT-LMDI model. Carbon dioxide emissions are specifically decomposed into CO2 emission intensity, energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, economic output, and population scale effects. Results indicate that the paramount driving factors that resulted in the growth of CO2 emissions are economic output, population scale, and energy structure. In contrast, energy intensity and industrial structure generally play an outstanding role in reducing emissions. This paper constructs a new weight assessment system by introducing “contribution value-significant factor-effect coefficient” to replace “contribution value-contribution rate” in the previous literature. According to the most significant positive effect and the most negative effect from the conclusion, we point out the effective policies that can not only accelerate the target of “China’s carbon emissions per unit of GDP could be cut down by 40–45% by 2020, from 2005 levels,” but also have crucial significance on the low-carbon economic development strategy of China.
Crystal Structure, Thermal Analysis, Spectroscopic Studies and DFT Calculations on Hexaaquamagnesium(II) Acesulfamate

Ömer Yurdakul, Güneş Demirtaş, Necmi Dege, Hasan İçbudak, Dursun Ali Köse, Orhan Büyükgüngör Hitit University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Çorum, Turkey. Dr. Sedat-Dr. Melehat Baran Secondary School, Sungurlu, Çorum, Turkey. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Samsun, Turkey. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Samsun, Turkey.
7-3 Adaptive Network-on-Chip with WaveFront Train Serialization Scheme

Abstract An adaptive network-on-chip (NoC) is implemented with self-calibration and dynamic bandwidth control. The chip calibrates skew between clock domains automatically for reliable mesochronous communication. Link bandwidth is controlled adaptively according to network traffic for energyefficient packet transmission. A new on-chip serialization scheme, wave-front train (WAFT), is used in the NoC chip to realize high-performance serial link with minimum overhead. The chip is fabricated using 0. 18μm CMOS technology. The overall network and WAFT operations are successfully measured at 1.2Gb/s and 3Gb/s, respectively.