Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental and anthropogenic factors influencing key cabbage Lepidopteran pests in the southwestern Siberia

The lepidopteran pest community composition on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. ) as the main vegetable crop in the conditions of southwestern Siberia was presented. In 2015-2019, the dominant cabbage pests were diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L. ) and cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L. ). The continuous application of insecticides against the cabbage pests along with climatic factors led to a change in insect species community composition. This was manifested as an increase in the number of the diamondback moth and a decrease in the abundance of other Lepidoptera species. The mean number of diamondback moths varied from 0.06 (in a year of low numbers) to 1.4 specimens per plant (in years of outbreaks), and for cabbage moth - 0.12 (2015) and 0.43 (2016), respectively. In commercial cabbage field, both egg-laying and caterpillars of Pieris brassicae L. and P. rapae L. were found as a single individual. During the years of research, we noted earlier diamondback moth and cabbage moth appearance dates in the field. More frequent diamondback moth outbreaks were observed. The period of cabbage damage by the diamondback moth lasted longer than usual during the growing seasons due to an increase in the number of insect generations in the conditions of the southwestern Siberia. paper 2
Improved Gaussian Process Regression Inspired by Physical Optics for the Conducting Target's RCS Prediction

In this letter, we propose an improved Gaussian process regression (GPR) to accurately predict the monostatic radar cross section of conducting targets as a function of the incident angle and frequency. Inspired by physical optics, we assume the covariance function as the sum of linear periodic covariance functions. Experiments involving the simulated and measured data are carried out to assess the proposed method. Results show that our method has better prediction performance than GPR with a local periodic covariance function, with a consistent reduction, up to 39% on simulated data and 43% on measured data, of the predictive root mean square error.
Hybrid SHM-PWM for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Three-Phase Three-Level NPC Inverter

This article proposes hybrid selective harmonic mitigation (SHM)-pulsewidth modulation (PWM) that is characterized by both features harmonic mitigation and elimination aimed to reduce the common-mode voltage (CMV) and to mitigate the selected nontriplen harmonics in a three-phase neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. As CMV harmonic modeling only shows triplens, the specified triplens are eliminated using the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) operation to control CMV pulsewidths and consequently to mitigate CMV magnitude that appears as its root-mean-square (rms) reduction. The determined nontriplen harmonics are also mitigated using the SHM approach by the same cost function. The proposed hybrid SHM-PWM empowered by both harmonic elimination and mitigation is implemented on a three-phase NPC inverter to confirm its performance on reducing CMV through experimental and theoretical analyses. It is shown that hybrid SHM is superior over pure SHE or SHM in dealing with multiobjective system, including CMV reduction and no ntriplen harmonics mitigation.
TREATMENT OF INTANGIBLE ASSET ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING REGULATION

Rigidity of the financial reporting model in contemporary business conditions the era of the „knowledge economy” influenced the creation of significant differences between the market and book values of companies. Characteristic of enterprises in the „new” economy is the high share of knowledge and other intellectual resources in the structure of total assets, which are at the same time the basic source of competitiveness of enterprises. Given the changing habits of consumers who are inclined to buy products on the market that identify a high degree of „embedded” knowledge, companies base their business on investing in R&D and investing in various types of intellectual property and protecting them. Due to certain limitations of financial reporting when identifying and measuring intellectual resources in an enterprise, users of financial statements are unable to get a realistic picture of the value of assets and the corresponding investments when it comes to certain types of intangible assets. Blurred financial reality can lead to irrational decisions, stagnation in business and major financial crashes, which is often the practice of large companies listed on the world stock market due to the overestimation / undervaluation of their book value. The aim of this paper is to explain the treatment of intangible assets through international accounting standards concerning the identification, recognition and measurement of intellectual resources and intangible assets, to analyze their limitations and to point out possible directions for their further development in order to provide reliable and credible reporting on assets and capital of economic entities.
Power Electronics Reliability: State of the Art and Outlook

This article aims to provide an update of the reliability aspects of research on power electronic components and hardware systems. It introduces the latest advances in the understanding of failure mechanisms, testing methods, accumulated damage modeling, and mission-profile-based reliability prediction. Component-level examples (e.g., Si IGBT modules, SiC MOSFETs, GaN devices, capacitors, and magnetic components) are used for illustration purposes in addition to system-level studies. The limitations and associated open questions are discussed to identify future research opportunities in power electronics reliability.
Self-assembly of a water chain with tetrameric and decameric clusters in the channel of a mixed-valence CuICuII complex

The reaction of Cu(BF4)2 with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pydc) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) under hydrothermal conditions afforded a porous mixed-valence CuICuII coordination polymer. Coexistence of tetrameric and decameric water clusters within the channels of the complex leads to a novel water chain. The metal−organic framework provides both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments for stabilizing the clusters and retains its integrity upon dehydration and rehydration.
Anthocyanins and Other Phenolic Compounds of Saskatoon Berries Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), equipped with photodiode array detector, was applied to separation and concentration of the anthocyanins and related compounds of saskatoon berries. Thirteen discrete peaks were detected and separation of these took less than 40 min. Ten of the 13 HPLC peaks were collected as separate fractions from the column outlet and re-analyzed by paper chromatography and spectral analysis. The concentration of total anthocyanins was 86-125 mg/100g of fresh berries. The main anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-galactoside, which formed 61% and cyanidin 3-glucoside which accounted for 21% of the total anthocyanins. Also identified were cyanindin 3-xyloside, chlorogenic acid and rutin.
Automata-Based Dynamic Fault Tolerant Task Scheduling Approach in Fog Computing

Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing that offers computing, storage and communication resources near the network edge, which makes it an ideal platform for processing latency-sensitive and compute-intensive tasks. However, efficient task execution in a fog platform is a challenging problem since fog nodes are loosely interconnected, highly dynamic, heterogeneous, and prone to failures. Therefore, a task scheduling algorithm that ensures reliable execution of the tasks while optimising response time is paramount. To address this challenge, we propose a new Dynamic Fault Tolerant Learning Automata (DFTLA) task scheduling approach. DFTLA determines an efficient assignment of the tasks to the fog nodes based on variable-structure learning automata. We evaluated the proposed DFTLA scheduler and compared its performance with three baseline methods. The results of the experiments show that the proposed algorithm ensures reliable execution of the tasks while optimising response time and energy consumption. Moreover, the proposed approach outperforms the baseline algorithms in all performance evaluation criteria.
Solvation state of the Tyr side chain in peptides. An FT-IR and 17O NMR approach

Detailed studies of the 17 O NMR chemical shifts of the COH group of p-cresol and tyrosine derivatives as a function of pH and in a variety of solvents revealed an unusually large titration shift upon the deprotonation of the phenol group and a very small chemical shift variation as a function of solvent hydrogen-bonding ability. Similarly the ν CO stretching frequencies exhibit a very small variation as a function of solvent hydrogen-bonding ability, and discrete hydrogen-bonded species could not be identified
HPC Systems in the Next Decade – What to Expect, When, Where

HPC systems have seen impressive growth in terms of performance over a period of many years. Soon the next milestone is expected to be reached with the deployment of exascale systems in 2021. In this paper, we provide an overview of the exascale challenges from a computer architecture’s perspective and explore technological and other constraints. The analysis of upcoming architectural options and emerging technologies allow for setting expectations for application developers, which will have to cope with heterogeneous architectures, increasingly diverse compute technologies as well as deeper memory and storage hierarchies. Finally, needs resulting from changing science and engineering workflows will be discussed, which need to be addressed by making HPC systems available as part of more open e-infrastructures that provide also other compute and storage services.
AEGIS: Detection and Mitigation of TCP SYN Flood on SDN Controller

Software-Defined Network (SDN) segregates the control plane and the data plane to bring about a programmable network. The controller at the control plane runs network modules and sets rules for forwarding the packets in the switches that resides at the data plane. Though advantageous in several ways, SDN can fail when the controller is saturated by a flood of TCP SYN packets. SYN flood can be created using malicious spoofing of IP or MAC addresses or flash crowd. The existing solutions to mitigate SYN flood against the controller does not adequately handle MAC spoofing based SYN flood, and these are unable to distinguish between flash crowd and malicious traffic. To overcome some limitations in existing solutions, we propose a novel mechanism called AEGIS, which detect and mitigate SYN flood against the controller in SDN. AEGIS runs in the controller, and it regularly checks if there is a performance lag in the controller due to an ongoing SYN flood. If a performance degradation is detected, then AEGIS takes it an indication of SYN flood and it identifies whether it is due to spoofed addresses or flash crowd. Once the reason is found, the appropriate mitigation procedure is triggered. We evaluate AEGIS in testbed and emulator settings, and we compare the results of the evaluation with state-of-the-art solutions. The performance evaluation of AEGIS shows that it identifies the malicious SYN at an accuracy of 97.78%. Moreover, when there is no SYN flood, AEGIS takes 0.0637s to set up a successful TCP connection, which is 53.81% less than the time taken by the state-of-the-art solution, thus, it proves that AEGIS is lightweight.
Preparation of Nanometer γ‐Fe2O3 by an Electrochemical Method in Non‐aqueous Medium and Reaction Dynamics

The synthesis of nanosized γ‐Fe2O3 through an electrochemical process in non‐aqueous medium, then calcining at 300°C is studied. The product obtained is characterized by XRD, SEM, Electron diffraction and Particle size distribution analysis, indicating that the fine‐particle is a nanometer γ‐Fe2O3 with a spherical‐shaped, an average size of 22.0 nm. From the VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) test, the particle's coercivity (49.0 Oe) is rather small, presenting excellent superparamagnetism. Furthermore, the reaction dynamics and mechanism are explored by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV); the rate constants are accordingly determined.
AIRBORNE SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENT USING NATURAL TERRESTRIAL GAMMA RADIATION

Measurements of the natural terrestrial gamma radiation flux near the soil surface are used to infer areal soil moisture. Airborne gamma radiation data are collected over a network of 240 flight lines (each approximately 6 square kilometers) in the upper Midwest and used to calculate real-time, areal soil moisture values. Ground-based soil moisture data collected along calibration flight lines indicate that airborne soil moisture values can be calculated with an RMS error of 3.2 percent soil moisture, which is 40 percent less than the mean standard deviation of the ground-based soil samples. The airborne soil moisture values calculated using data from three primary background surveys tend to be 1.5 percent less than the ground-sampled soil moisture values.
Linking diagenetic alteration of amino acids and bulk organic matter reactivity

Examination of amino acids in particulate samples from a variety of marine environments (fresh phytoplankton to deep‐sea sediments) revealed systematic compositional changes upon progressive degradation. These consistent trends have been used to derive a quantitative degradation index (DI) that is directly related to the reactivity of the organic material, as indicated by its lability to enzymatic decay and its first‐order degradation rate constant. This direct link between molecular composition and degradation rate allows us to quantify the quality of organic matter based solely on its chemical composition.
A Hybrid POS Tagger for Khasi, an Under Resourced Language

Khasi is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken mainly in the state of Meghalaya, India, and can be considered as an under resourced and under studied language from the natural language processing perspective. Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is one of the major initial requirements in any natural language processing tasks where part of speech is assigned automatically to each word in a sentence. Therefore, it is only natural to initiate the development of a POS tagger for Khasi and this paper presents the construction of a Hybrid POS tagger for Khasi. The tagger is developed to address the tagging errors of a Khasi Hidden Markov Model (HMM) POS tagger by integrating conditional random fields (CRF). This integration incorporates language features which are otherwise not feasible in an HMM POS tagger. The results of the Hybrid Khasi tagger have shown significant improvement in the tagger’s accuracy as well as substantially reducing most of the tagging confusion of the HMM POS tagger.
Linearly Sweeping Leaky-Wave Antenna With High Scanning Rate

Leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is known as a type of traveling antenna with dispersive frequency responses, which has found important applications in modern communication, imaging, and radar systems. The beam scanning rate is a key consideration in some applications since it can minimize the bandwidth requirement of the system, during the scanning in broad angular regions. However, the sweeping linearity, namely the scanning angular range per unit frequency, is seldom considered at the same time in the published literature. In this article, we propose a waveguide-type LWA working from 11.1 to 12 GHz. By loading periodical pins with glide symmetry in the waveguide, it is possible to manipulate the dispersion properties of the fast wave mode, hereby giving rise to a good balance between the scanning rate and the sweeping linearity. This scenario has been validated by numerical simulation and experiment with excellent agreement. The measurement results reveal that the scanning angles have been increased to a range from 16.7°~67.5° varying the frequency from 11.1 to 12.1 GHz. The relative average scanning rate is enhanced up to 589.3°, with high sweeping linearity.
Water‐Exchange Mechanism for Zinc(II), Cadmium(II), and Mercury(II) Ions in Water as Studied by Umbrella‐Sampling Molecular‐Dynamics Simulations

Umbrella-sampling molecular-dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the water-exchange reactions of zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) ions in aqueous solution. The dissociation of a coordinating water molecule to the MO distance at 3.34, 3.16, and 3.26 A for ZnII, CdII, and HgII, respectively, leads the system to a transition state. For ZnII, the first hydration shell is occupied by five spectator water molecules in the transition state, indicating that the water-exchange reaction proceeds via a dissociative mode of activation. In contrast, the number of spectator water molecules of 5.85 and 5.95 for CdII and HgII, respectively, suggests an associative exchange for these larger metal ions. The average MO distance of the spectator molecules is shortened by 0.06 A for the dissociative exchange of ZnII, while it is elongated by 0.04 and 0.03 A for CdII and HgII, respectively. The water-exchange rate constants of 4.1×108, 6.8×108, and 1.8×109 s−1 are estimated for ZnII, CdII, and HgII, respectively, at 298 K in terms of the transition-state theory based on the assumption of a transmission coefficient of unity.
Asymptotic Tracking Control of Mechanical Servosystems With Mismatched Uncertainties

Uncertainties, especially mismatched uncertainties, pose great challenges to high accuracy tracking controller design for mechanical servosystems. In this article, a novel recursive robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) control method is proposed for mechanical servosystems with mismatched uncertainties. In the controller development, two auxiliary error signals are introduced into the recursive backstepping design framework, and then, RISE feedbacks are synthesized to eliminate the matched and mismatcheduncertainties simultaneously. Moreover, to reduce the design conservatism, an adaptive recursive RISE control law is also developed for mechanical servosystems suffering from both parametric uncertainties and unmodeled disturbances, in which desired-trajectory-based adaptation law is synthesized to achieve compensation for parametric uncertainties. The proposed control methods can theoretically achieve remarkable asymptotic tracking performance with zero steady-state error in spite of matched and mismatched time-variant uncertainties. The proposed controllers are applied to an actual hydraulic servosystem and comparative experiments are performed to verify their effectiveness.
Re-infection and Immunological Effect of Corona Virus: A Detailed Review

As the world is seeing the plague of COVID-19, an illness brought about by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, developing hereditary qualities and clinical confirmations recommend a comparative way to those of SARS and MERS Most coronaviruses aren't perilous COVID-19 is an illness that can cause what specialists call a respiratory tract disease It can influence your upper respiratory tract (sinuses, nose, and throat) or lower respiratory tract (windpipe and lungs) SARS-CoV-2 is able to stay undetected longer than many flu or coronaviruses and its spike proteins are able to gain entry by unlocking the ACE2 protein on the lung cells Once in, they hijack the cell's machinery, replicate and multiply and infect adjoining cells Like the defining ACE2 proteins on the epithelial cells, viruses too have a tell-tale signature on their surface called antigens and spotting these is what kicks the immune system into action by producing antibodies © 2020 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation All rights reserved
Reactivity at Low Temperature of Carbon Suboxide (C3O2) with Amorphous Surface of HCl Hydrates Monitored by FTIR Spectroscopy

An experimental study, monitored by FTIR spectroscopy, of the spontaneous reaction of C3O2 with HCl on the acid hydrate surface has been performed at low temperature. The first appearing reaction product at 85 K was assigned to chloroformylketene while the second, appearing at 145 K, to malonyl dichloride by comparison with previously reported data in matrix isolation spectroscopy. C3O2 was deposited at 80 K over an amorphous surface of HCl hydrates mainly formed from ionic species (H3O+(H2O)n-1Cl-; n = 1−3, 4, 6), prepared by codeposition of a H2O:HCl gaseous mixture at 80 K. The reactions were promoted by warming the substrate from 80 to 200 K. Experiments showed that monohydrate H3O+Cl- was more reactive than higher hydrates by easier C3O2 protonation. Reactions are described by an ionic mechanism catalyzed by ice water and occurring on the surface. Spectral evidence of HCl amorphous hydrates, chloroformylketene, and malonyl dichloride are reported.
Permutation-Based Transmissions in Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications

This letter proposes a novel permutation-based transmission strategy to improve the goodput in wireless networks for achieving ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. The proposed scheme divides the application-layer data into two portions: the first one is conveyed by the permutation with repetition of various lengths in a group of packets rather than encapsulated into the packets, whilst the second portion is encapsulated into these packets to be physically delivered through network interface in the conventional way. The lengths of the packets used to deliver the second portion are determined by the first one. Thanks to the goodput gain attained by the permutation-conveyed application-layer data, the network congestion is alleviated, which leads to lower latency and/or less dropped packets. The validity of this transmission strategy is substantiated by the analysis in the metrics of goodput, latency, physical-layer throughput and secrecy rate within a design paradigm of short-packet communications.
Simultaneous generation of electricity and removal of organic load from synthetic wastewater in a membrane less microbial fuel cell: Parametric evaluation

This work deals with the simultaneous generation of electricity and removal of organic load from synthetic wastewater containing eqimolar concentration of glucose and glutamic acid. The effect of initial COD (mg/L), anodic pH and metals (Zn2+, Cr6+, and Fe3+) concentration on the generation of current density and voltage has been studied. Although, the amount of COD removed increases with increase in the initial COD value from 500 to 2500 mg/L, the maximum generation of current density (19 mA/m2) and voltage (14.8 mV), after 7 days of operation, is achieved at the initial COD value of 1500 mg/L at anodic pH value of 7. Difference in the anodic and cathodic pH has also been observed maximum (∼1) at the initial COD value of 1500 mg/L. Addition of metals initially increases the voltage and power density generation, attains a maximum value at a certain metal concentration and decreases thereafter with increase in metal concentration. Optimum concentration of metals, that is, 8 mg/L Zn2+, 7 mg/L Cr6+, and 10 mg/L Fe3+ in the solution produces maximum voltage of 142, 490, and 321 mV, after 7 days of operation, respectively. Corresponding maximum power densities are 6.9, 508, and 192 mW/m2, respectively. The present process seems to have maximum current density and voltage generation capacity in comparison to some recently reported literatures on membrane less MFCand is able to reduce COD value below permissible limit with the initial COD value ≤1250 mg/L. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 255–264, 2015