Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Scaling of In-Plane and Perpendicular Spin Transfer Switching Technologies by Micromagnetic Simulation

Spin transfer torque switching-basis of operation of innovative memory technology-STT-RAM (spin transfer torque memory) has been actively studied in the recent years with two prevalent technologies emerging at fast pace: in-plane and perpendicular. The crucial question for future development is which technology provides better scaling to smaller sizes. The present work provides evaluation of scalability of these two approaches based on micromagnetic modeling.
The Genome Sequence of the Obligately Chemolithoautotrophic, Facultatively Anaerobic Bacterium Thiobacillus denitrificans

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of Thiobacillus denitrificans ATCC 25259 is the first to become available for an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-compound-oxidizing, β-proteobacterium. Analysis of the 2,909,809-bp genome will facilitate our molecular and biochemical understanding of the unusual metabolic repertoire of this bacterium, including its ability to couple denitrification to sulfur-compound oxidation, to catalyze anaerobic, nitrate-dependent oxidation of Fe(II) and U(IV), and to oxidize mineral electron donors. Notable genomic features include (i) genes encoding c-type cytochromes totaling 1 to 2 percent of the genome, which is a proportion greater than for almost all bacterial and archaeal species sequenced to date, (ii) genes encoding two [NiFe]hydrogenases, which is particularly significant because no information on hydrogenases has previously been reported for T. denitrificans and hydrogen oxidation appears to be critical for anaerobic U(IV) oxidation by this species, (iii) a diverse complement of more than 50 genes associated with sulfur-compound oxidation (including sox genes, dsr genes, and genes associated with the AMP-dependent oxidation of sulfite to sulfate), some of which occur in multiple (up to eight) copies, (iv) a relatively large number of genes associated with inorganic ion transport and heavy metal resistance, and (v) a paucity of genes encoding organic-compound transporters, commensurate with obligate chemolithoautotrophy. Ultimately, the genome sequence of T. denitrificans will enable elucidation of the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic sulfur-compound oxidation by β-proteobacteria and will help reveal the molecular basis of this organism's role in major biogeochemical cycles (i.e., those involving sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon) and groundwater restoration.
Is cardiovascular remodeling in patients with essential hypertension related to more than high blood pressure? A LIFE substudy. Losartan Intervention For Endpoint-Reduction in Hypertension.

BACKGROUND Blocking the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin II system has been hypothesized to induce blood pressure-dependent as well as blood pressure-independent regression of cardiovascular hypertrophy. However, the relative influence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and various neurohormonal factors on cardiovascular remodeling in hypertension is unclear. METHODS In 43 untreated patients with hypertension with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, we measured relative wall thickness and left ventricular mass index by echocardiography and by magnetic resonance imaging (n = 32), intima-media cross-sectional area, and distensibility of the common carotid arteries by ultrasound, media/lumen ratio of isolated subcutaneous resistance arteries by myography, and median 24-hour systolic BP (n = 40), serum insulin, and plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and endothelin. RESULTS In multiple regression analyses, left ventricular mass index by echocardiography (R2 = 0.14, P <.05) and by magnetic resonance imaging (R2 = 0.32, P =.001) were associated with 24-hour systolic BP, whereas relative wall thickness was associated with plasma epinephrine (R2 = 0.12, P <.05) and aldosterone (R2 = 0.10, P <.05). Intima-media cross-sectional area/height was associated with 24-hour systolic BP (beta = 0.40) and plasma epinephrine (beta = 0.43) (adjusted R2 = 0.32, P <.001), whereas carotid distensibility was associated with 24-hour systolic BP (beta = 0.40) and plasma angiotensin II (beta = -0.41) (adjusted R2 = 0.30, P <.001). Media/lumen ratio in subcutaneous resistance arteries was associated with plasma epinephrine (R2 = 0.22, P <.01). CONCLUSION Apart from being associated with a high BP burden, cardiovascular remodeling was associated with high levels of circulating epinephrine, aldosterone, as well as angiotensin II, suggesting a beneficial effect above and beyond the effect of BP reduction when using antihypertensive agents blocking the receptors of these neurohormonal factors.
Yeast cytosine deaminase improves radiosensitization and bystander effect by 5-fluorocytosine of human colorectal cancer xenografts.

The efficacy of cancer gene therapy using bacterial cytosine deaminase (bCD)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) enzyme/prodrug strategy is limited by the inefficiency of cytosine deaminase (CD)-catalyzed conversion of 5-FC into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We have shown previously that yeast CD (yCD) is more efficient at the conversion of 5-FC than bCD. In the current study, we hypothesized that the increased production of 5-FU by yCD would enhance the efficacy of the CD/5-FC treatment strategy by increasing the bystander effect as well as the efficacy of radiotherapy because of the radiosensitizing capacity of 5-FU. To test this hypothesis, we generated stable HT29 human colon cancer cell lines expressing either bCD (HT29/bCD) or yCD (HT29/yCD). The amount of 5-FU produced in HT29/yCD tumors after a single injection of 5-FC (1000 mg/kg, i.p.) was 15-fold higher than that produced in HT29/bCD tumors. In tumor-bearing nude mice, the average minimum relative tumor size (compared with pretreatment values) of HT29/bCD tumors treated with 5-FC and radiation (500 mg/kg i.p. and 3 Gy, 5 days a week for 2 weeks) was 0.55+/-0.1, compared with 0.01+/-0.01 in HT29/yCD tumors (P = 0.002). Moreover, an increased cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effect of 5-FC on bystander cells was observed in vitro and in vivo when yCD was expressed in HT29 cells instead of bCD. In mice bearing HT29 tumors containing 10% HT29/yCD cells, the combined treatment resulted in a minimum tumor size of 0.20+/-0.07 compared with 0.60+/-0.1 in 10% HT29/bCD cells (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the use of yCD in the CD/5-FC strategy has a high potential to improve the therapeutic outcome of combined gene therapy and radiotherapy in cancer patients.
Neurons modulate oxytocin receptor expression in rat cultured astrocytes: Involvement of TGF‐β and membrane components

We examined the effect of neurons on oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTR) and OTR gene expression in cultured astrocytes. The addition of neuron‐conditioned medium induced an increase of both OTR binding and OTR mRNA level. This effect was enhanced after the medium was boiled or acidified. As it is known that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) can be released from carrier proteins by acid or heat, TGF‐β1 and 2 were tested and found to induce an increase of OTR binding. Furthermore, TGF‐β antibody abolished the stimulatory effect of normal or acidified neuron‐conditioned medium. Neurons added to cultured astrocytes without contact mimicked the stimulatory effect of the conditioned medium. In contrast, neurons added with contact, induced a decrease in OTR binding and an increase of mRNA level, whereas neuronal membranes induced a decrease of both OTR binding and mRNA levels. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that in vitro, neurons are able to modulate astrocytic OTR expression at the level of both protein and mRNA. They stimulate this expression through their release of TGF‐β and inhibit it by the action of unknown membrane components. GLIA 37:169–177, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using compiler optimization techniques to detect equivalent mutants

Mutation analysis is a software testing technique that requires the tester to generate test data that will find specific, well‐defined errors. Mutation testing executes many slightly differing versions, called mutants, of the same program to evaluate the quality of the data used to test the program. Although these mutants are generated and executed efficiently by automated methods, many of the mutants are functionally equivalent to the original program and are not useful for testing. Recognizing and eliminating equivalent mutants is currently done by hand, a time‐consuming and arduous task. This problem is currently a major obstacle to the practical application of mutation testing.
Interindividual Variation in Complex I Activity in Fundulus heteroclitus along a Steep Thermocline

The first enzyme in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway is Complex I (EC 1.6.5.3). Complex I is a large heteromeric enzyme complex with 45 protein subunits that translocates H+ ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Among northern and southern populations of the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus, Complex I subunits have fixed amino acid substitutions. Additionally, there are differences in oxidative phosphorylation activity among populations of F. heteroclitus. To investigate whether these differences are related to Complex I, enzyme activity was measured in 121 individuals from five populations of F. heteroclitus and its sister species Fundulus grandis acclimated to a constant 20°C temperature. Within each population, Complex I activity is highly variable among individuals of F. heteroclitus (coefficient of variation percentage among individuals has a mean of 90% in the five F. heteroclitus populations), and the mean Complex I activity among populations is significantly different at the latitudinal extremes of the range. Importantly, Complex I activity is more similar between F. heteroclitus from the southernmost population and its sister species F. grandis than to the northern populations of F. heteroclitus, suggesting important evolutionary differences. Unexpectedly, the activity is nearly fourfold higher in southern populations than northern populations. Mitochondrial density appears to compensate partially for decreased activity in northern individuals; activity per wet weight is only twofold higher in southern populations. We suggest that some of the variation in Complex I activity is genetically based and thus is being influenced by directional selection. However, this conclusion presents a conundrum: there should not be so much variation in Complex I activity within a population if this variation is biologically important.
Analysis of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Content in Marketed Products and the Caco-2 Permeability of Chondroitin Sulfate Raw Materials

Objective: The purpose of this report is to evaluate and present the results of analysis of actual contents of several products in the marketplace containing glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate and to determine if they significantly deviate from label claim. In addition, the study examined the intestinal transport of several marketed sources of chondroitin sulfate. Methods: A total of fourteen products containing glucosamine hydrochloride or sulfate and eleven products containing chondroitin sulfate were evaluated using a UVHPLC method. In addition, a total of 32 products containing chondroitin sulfate were tested using a titration method. The permeability of various marketed sources of raw materials of chondroitin sulfate across Caco-2 cell monolayers were assessed. This analysis was an attempt to evaluate whether different suppliers of chondroitin sulfate use different grades of material. Results and conclusions: The amounts of glucosamine and chondroitin found after analysis were significantly different from the label claim in some products, with deviations from label claims ranging from as low as 0% to over 115%. Products with a retail price of less than or equal to one dollar per 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate were found to be seriously deficient in meeting label claim (less than 10% of label claim). The permeability of the different molecular weight chondroitin sulfates was found to be significantly different (p<0.05), with the permeability coefficient increasing with decreasing molecular weight. This suggests that molecular weight of chondroitin sulfate could be a possible predictor of permeability.
Monitoring of Banks’ Risks Related to the Funding of Financial Enterprises

The crisis period which commenced in 2008 highlighted the fact both at domestic and international level that in certain cases financial enterprises – which operate in a more relaxed prudential regulatory framework compared to banks – accumulated substantial credit risks that generated major losses for the financing credit institutions. This paper presents a simple, straightforward tool for monitoring banks’ risks related to the funding of financial enterprises operating in Hungary. This tool can be reproduced based on the balance sheet and income statement data of corporate databases, and at the same time its performance is stable and as such it can be widely utilised, it facilitates close, automated monitoring and can be used as a financial warning model, which permits the allocation of a relative risk level to financial enterprises either in the medium term or 2 years ahead. It can be concluded that, based on the foregoing, prior to the major world economic crisis that commenced in 2008, it would have been possible to identify risky financial enterprises and banks could have closed or amortised their exposures to risky financial enterprises earlier, as necessary. To our knowledge, at the time of the publication this type of risk measurement methodology is unprecedented in the Hungarian literature in respect of banks’ risks in relation to lending to financial enterprises.
Long‐term HPV type‐specific risks of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial lesions: A 14‐year follow‐up of a randomized primary HPV screening trial

Quantitative knowledge of the long‐term human papillomavirus (HPV) type‐specific risks for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias Grades 2 and 3 (CIN2 and CIN3) is useful for estimating the effect of elimination of specific HPV types and clinical benefits of screening for specific HPV types. We estimated HPV type‐specific risks for CIN2 and CIN3 using a randomized primary HPV screening trial followed up for 14.6 years using comprehensive, nationwide registers. Poisson regression estimated cumulative incidences, population attributable proportions (PAR) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of high‐grade lesions by baseline HPV type, with censoring at date of first CIN2/3 or last registered cytology. Multivariate analysis adjusted for coinfections. IRRs were highest during the first screening round, but continued to be high throughout follow‐up (IRRs for CIN3 associated with high‐risk (HR) HPV positivity were 226.9, 49.3, 17.7 and 10.3 during the first, second and third screening round and for >9 years of follow‐up, respectively). Increased long‐term risks were found particularly for HPV Types 16, 18 and 31 and for CIN3+ risks. HPV16/18/31/33 had 14‐year cumulative incidences for CIN3+ above 28%, HPV35/45/52/58 had 14 year risks between 14% and 18% and HPV39/51/56/59/66/68 had risks <10%. HPV16 contributed to the greatest proportion of CIN2+ (first round PAR 36%), followed by Types 31, 52, 45 and 58 (7–11%). HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58 together contributed 73.9% of CIN2+ lesions and all HR types contributed 86.9%. In summary, we found substantial differences in risks for CIN2 and CIN3 between different oncogenic HPV types. These differences may be relevant for both clinical management and design of preventive strategies.
La teoría de los recursos y las capacidades: un enfoque actual en la estrategia empresarial

RESUMEN. —E1 articulo intenta brindar un panorama de la Teoria de los Recursos y Capacidades debido a la importancia que tiene para la Estrategia Empresarial actual. Para ello comienza con la genesis, definicion y evolucion de la Estrategia de Empresa, y contin ŭa con los origenes de esta Teoria a partir de Penrose y Andrews, el papel de los recursos y capacidades como fuente de direccion y base para la rentabilidad de la empresa, la identificacion y valoracion de los recursos y capacidades y sus relaciones, su potencial para generar beneficios a la empresa y la apropiacion de estos, la formulacion de la estrategia, la identificacion de los Gaps de recursos y el desarrollo de la base de recursos y capacidades en la empresa, y la importancia que juega el conocimiento y el aprendizaje en dicho desarrollo.
Dielectric properties of alternative refrigerants

This paper gives an overview of our research, from experimental measurements of the relative permittivity on new and alternative refrigerants, to theoretical interpretation of the data and density functional and density functional self-consistent reaction field calculations for a series of HFC molecules. Experimental measurements were obtained as a function of temperature and pressure for Class B refrigerants-HCFC-123, HCFC-142b, HCFC-141b, Class A refrigerants-HFC-32, HFC-134a, HFC-152a, HFC-143a, HFC-227ea, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc and some mixtures of them: HFC-125/143a/134a (R-404A), HFC-32/125/134a (R-407C), HFC-125/143a (R-507), HFC-32/125 (R-410A). Density functional and density functional self-consistent reaction field calculations were performed for CHF2CF3 (HFC-125), CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a), CH3CF3 (HFC-143a), CH2F2 (HFC-32), and CHF2CH3 (HFC-152a). A particular emphasis has been given to the calculation of dimerisation energies, rotational potentials, polarisabilities and dipole moments
Enhancement of recognition rate for large quantity documents in gate environment

In this research, it examined the large quantity document recognition in gate environment . Commercial tag with the best stable performance in documents environment have been chosen and the tag position in a document has also been carefully decided via extensive experiments. The gate has been made to achieve the best recognition performance and easy adjustment of the position of reader antennas with inserted Aluminum Profile in the gate. The number of the reader antennas has been doubled with power dividers to get rid of the shadow zones. Reader antennas have been shielded with metals to minimize interference. Moreover, we have developed a tag monitoring program for the optimization of reader antennapsilas position. It can distinguish the shadow zones and the weak tags. As a result of this research, we could recognize over 300 documents stably for the recognition of large quantity of documents.
Genomic profiling of gynecologic cancers and implications for clinical practice

Purpose of review This article summarizes advances in the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to the personalized treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Recent findings Many recurrent genomic alterations (GA) in gynecologic malignancies have been identified by studies applying NGS to tumor tissue, which can provide insights into tumor biology, diagnostic or prognostic information, and potential targeted therapy options. NGS can be used to assay single genes, portions of multiple genes (“hot-spot” panels), or the complete coding sequence of a broad range of cancer-associated genes [i.e. comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)]. CGP of a patient's tumor reveals to practitioners clinically relevant GA (CRGA) and associated biomarker-matched treatments, with a goal of improving therapeutic response while limiting cumulative chemotherapeutic toxicities. Although the use of precision medicine for gynecologic cancers holds much promise, the data detailing impact on survival and quality of life is still accumulating, lagging behind other areas of oncology. Enrolling gynecologic oncology patients in genotype-matched trials remains challenging and highlights the need for more molecular-based basket trials for reproductive tract malignancies. Summary Identification of molecular subsets with distinct clinical attributes, prognostic significance, and targeted therapy directed options is now feasible in clinical gynecologic oncology practice.
Stress-tolerant fully inkjet-printed Reed Relays

A fully printed micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) Reed Relay is demonstrated to provide zero off-state leakage (IOFF), low on-state resistance (RON) (~15 Ω), and moderate switching delay (~32 μs), while offering excellent immunity to mechanical stress variations in the printed cantilevers. Leveraging the stress gradient in sintered metal nanoparticles films and using a novel device architecture, this device is promising for large area electronics.
Factors associated with federal student loan default among borrowers in a statewide system of community and technical colleges.

vi LIST OF TABLES . xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background. 4 Problem Statement . 6 Purpose of Study. 7 Research Questions . 7 Definition of Terms . 9 Nature of the Study. 11 Scope and Delimitations . 11 Significance . 12 Organization of Study . 13 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 14 Theoretical Framework . 14 Human Capital Theory . 15 Cohort Default Rates: A Contextual Summary. 20
Estimates of volumetric bone density from projectional measurements improve the discriminatory capability of dual X‐ray absorptiometry

To determine whether estimates of volumetric bone density from projectional scans of the lumbar spine have weaker associations with height and weight and stronger associations with prevalent vertebral fractures than standard projectional bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), we obtained posteroanterior (PA) dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), lateral supine DXA (Hologic QDR 2000), and quantitative computed tomography (QCT, GE 9800 scanner) in 260 postmenopausal women enrolled in two trials of treatment for osteoporosis. In 223 women, all vertebral levels, i.e., L2–L4 in the DXA scan and L1–L3 in the QCT scan, could be evaluated. Fifty‐five women were diagnosed as having at least one mild fracture (age 67.9 ± 6.5 years) and 168 women did not have any fractures (age 62.3 ± 6.9 years). We derived three estimates of “volumetric bone density” from PA DXA (BMAD, BMAD*, and BMD*) and three from paired PA and lateral DXA (WA BMD, WA BMDHol, and eVBMD). While PA BMC and PA BMD were significantly correlated with height (r = 0.49 and r = 0.28) or weight (r = 0.38 and r = 037), QCT and the volumetric bone density estimates from paired PA and lateral scans were not (r = −0.083 to r = 0.050). BMAD, BMAD*, and BMD* correlated with weight but not height. The associations with vertebral fracture were stronger for QCT (odds ratio [OR] = 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90–5.27), eVBMD (OR = 2.87; CI 1.80–4.57), WA BMDHol (OR = 2.86; CI 1.80–4.55) and WA‐BMD (OR = 2.77; CI 1.75–4.39) than for BMAD*/BMD* (OR = 2.03; CI 132–3.12), BMAD (OR = 1.68; CI 1.14–2.48), lateral BMD (OR = 1.88; CI 1.28–2.77), standard PA BMD (OR = 1.47; CI 1.02–2.13) or PA BMC (OR = 1.22; CI 0.86–1.74). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for QCT and all estimates of volumetric BMD were significantly higher compared with standard PA BMD and PA BMC. We conclude that, like QCT, estimates of volumetric bone density from paired PA and lateral scans are unaffected by height and weight and are more strongly associated with vertebral fracture than standard PA BMD or BMC, or estimates of volumetric density that are solely based on PA DXA scans.