Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Site Selection of New Towns Using TOPSIS Method under Entropy Logic: A Case study: New Towns of Tehran Metropolitan Region (TMR)

Location planning process as one of the most complicated spatial decisions is the initial and perhaps one of the critical steps in the development of a New Town. Site selection (seat and location) is a fundamental factor in success of new towns functionality, and also determines the success of the new town investment. Since location planning and selecting a well-fit option from the feasible alternatives is a significant problem in every decision making process, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) has been found to be an efficient approach to solve this kind of problems. There are different MCDM models that have been applied for site selection projects in both urban and regional scales. But simultaneous application of quantitative and quantitative criteria and weighting (importance coefficient) of indicators according to regional features and theoretical principles, make TOPSIS as an optimal model to assess site selection projects. This method emphasizes that selected alternative should have the least distance with positive idea solution (the best possible site) and the most distance with negative ideal solution (the worst possible site). In this paper, using technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) we intended to evaluate site selection of New Towns of Tehran Metropolitan Region (TMR) to show their overall situation to optimal alternative (site selection).
Species richness and morphological diversity of the Genus Porites in the Pacific Ocean

Species richness is a common measure of biodiversity, but offers only a partial view of the assemblages. Morphological diversity is another indicator, and can reflect functional aspects of the system more efficiently than the number of taxa. In this study we compared patterns of richness and morphodiversity in the genus Porites in the Pacific Ocean. Distribution data of 52 species were arranged in quadrants of 20° of latitude and longitude, and nine morphological characters were measured for each species. The latter data were processed with a principal components analysis, and the diversity of forms was estimated from the geometric mean of the range of the scores of each component. We found out that richness in this genus is concentrated in southeastern Asia, but morphodiversity is more widely distributed and high values appear indistinctly if species number is high or low. The relationship between richness and morphology in Porites followed a logarithmic curve and tend to reach an asymptote, and there were no significant differences in morphodiversity of the hemispheres or between the tropics and subtropics. We suggest that the observed morphospace limitations in Porites may indicate saturation in niche availability, or occur because of the existence of phyletic boundaries.
Types of Inferences in the Comprehension of Metaphor

This paper focuses on the cognitive processes involved in the comprehension of metaphors. It builds on current studies in cognitive linguistics by proposing an amendment to the theoretical idea that there are two routes for comprehending metaphors. It presents an account which is underlined by concept adjustment in all types of metaphorical instances, with the only difference being in the degree of the inferences that it requires. In this paper I claim that a conscious level of processing is involved in the comprehension of some metaphors in order to determine the speaker’s meaning. I ground my discussion squarely in the distinction between types of inferences developed by Mercier and Sperber (2017).
A comparison of convenience food consumption among different income levels in South Korea

2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Seoul National University aggi@snu.ac. kr(⌧) Abstract The interest in convenience food has increased over the years. Many researchers have tried to discover what factors affect the consumption of convenience food. Despite the diversity of studies, few studies emphasize a household’s income. The aim of this article is to identify the different consumption patterns between upper, middle, and lower income brackets. Generally, households with higher income consumed more convenience food or the relationship was not significant. However, many convenience foods are regarded as nutritionally unbalanced and have a lower quality. So, the hypothesis cannot be easily confirmed because there are tradeoffs not only between health, as nutrition balance and cost, but also health and convenience. Thus, there is a need to indicate the divergent attributes of buying convenience food in a distinct income group. In addition, the convenience food is subdivided into two distinct categories: convenience food as a substitution for a whole meal (unhealthy) and substitution as part of a diet (healthy). We found that higher income groups purchase healthier convenience food while lower income groups purchase unhealthier convenience food. Also there are distinct attributes that influence the consumption of healthy and unhealthy convenience food.
Variation in planulae release of closely related coral species

To determine the degree of variation in coral reproductive strategies at a low taxonomical level, we studied the planulae release pattern in 4 Madracis morphospecies, including 2 colourmorphs of 1 species. All species have the same basic planulae release strategy: colonies of all species release planulae from March to December and spawning intensity fluctuates highly at a daily scale. Two differences exist among species. Firstly, species differ in the number of planulae released, ranging between 0.02 and 0.11 planulae cm(-2) d(-1). Secondly, spawning is not related to a moon-phase for any species except for M. senaria. During the last quarter moon in November, M senaria releases large numbers of planulae (n > 1000). Mass release of planulae concurrent with the Caribbean mass spawning has never been reported previously for a brooding coral species. For all species examined the number of planulae produced is related to yearly seawater temperature cycles with a lag period of 1 mo, i.e. planulae production at any given month is related to the seawater temperature of the preceding month. Yearly temperature cycles dominate over lunar cycles in the regulation of planulation in Madracis spp. The number of planulae produced is not related to colony size in any species. The brooding reproductive strategy can be divided into 2 sub-strategies: (1) organized mass release, or (2) gradual release in low numbers without any conspicuous pattern. Our data show that small but significant differences exist in the reproductive strategies of closely related coral species, even at the level of colourmorphs, which differ in the fraction of spawning colonies in a population.
Integrated legal information retrieval: new developments and educational challenges

The amount of legal information, available digitally, has increased gradually in the past three decades. We are now approaching a situation in which practically all legal information a lawyer needs on a daily basis can be obtained from digital sources. At the same time, powerful retrieval systems capable of integrating these sources and performing more effective search operations have become available. In this paper, new possibilities are outlined that have emerged now that such a large proportion of legal resources have been combined in unified collections. Also, the need to incorporate more advanced 'legal information skills' in the legal curriculum will be discussed. It will be argued that these skills are required to ensure that all newly educated lawyers will be able to use digital legal information optimally, now and in the future. Keywords: Legal information retrieval; content integration; semantic searching; search intelligence; relevance ranking; legal information skills
Suspect Communities—Targeting Violent Extremism at the Local Level: Policies of Engagement in Amsterdam, Berlin, and London

Throughout Europe, authorities have set up new policy measures and programs to curb homegrown violent extremists. This article describes local policy responses to violent Islamic extremism—and/or the mere threat of it—in the neighborhoods Oost in Amsterdam, Moabit and Soldiner Kiez in Berlin, and Tower Hamlets in London. Based on locally conducted fieldwork, the study compares and contrasts these neighborhoods’ approaches and aims to make a first assessment of their effects. A major finding for all three cities is that authorities target the entire local Muslim community rather than a few select individuals. This can lead to the construction of suspect communities, an approach with possible paradoxical effects on targeting actual violent extremists. Suspect communities subsequently create stigmatization, exclusion, and possibly marginalization, which not only has negative consequences for involved groups, but may well produce a breeding ground for future violence. However, the author did not find that engagement with Islamic organizations or individuals was used to directly change the nature of local Muslim communities. Orthodox and non-violent extremist organizations and individuals in all three cities were potential partners for engagement, which probably lowers the chance of stigmatizing the suspect communities.
The Data Behind SodaVision

SodaVision is a prototype system used in the CSE graduate student lounge soda machine that will use facial recognition to log in users in order to make their purchases and charge their account. Using a mounted camera, the system is trained on users faces, which are added to the repository. Recognition requires detecting a face, morphing the face, running pre-processing on the face, looking up the face in the repository, running an election over many frames, and finally logging in the user with the most votes in the election. The repository of this system is the class project for CSE 262. We tested three types of lookup methods for our repository. The best repository uses the ANN kdtree. Building a search tree only happens when learning a new face; therefore, we were concerned with speeding up the lookup time. Building the search tree for the full repository of 6,400 faces with ANN’s kdtree takes approximately 140ms. Doing a single best match lookup takes an average of 7ms , a speedup of 17 over a linear tree! 1 Background
Analysis and Comparison of Existing Cognitive Agents used in Web Searching

The escalation of information on Web, prominently increasing demand for retrieval of relevant information from search engines, dissatisfaction among the present user's for existing search results and low performance of search engines are the challenges for Web-based information search process. Additionally, the present syntactic structure of information retrieval process on Web imposes high cognitive load on user as it demands higher levels of cognitive functions for the formulation of accurate query to retrieve relevant documents especially in case of ambiguous query and broad query. The retrieval of irrelevant documents due to the broad scope of query, dead links (links to pages not available any more) and redundancy of retrieved results wastes user's time. Ontologies used to represent information on Web provide an efficient solution. But, the semantic search engines like Hakia, Swoogle etc. do not satisfy the user completely. The user at times may need to continue from a previous conducted search or may require to execute the same query repeatedly several times in relation to an event or a timestamp. In the present scenario, user has to explicitly specify the query each time search is to be performed. There is no support system to guide user's repeated search on the basis of content, context, timestamp, event, user behavior, work habit, preference and emotions. In addition, the present search engines both traditional and semantic are user behavior independent and therefore cannot build user model to deduce context from user information, work habits, user preferences and emotions. Hence, the need to optimize search process using a multi strategic intelligent search system based on cognitive agent is suggested.
Study on the Coupling Development between Urbanization and Ecosystem-- The Comparative Analysis Based on Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan and Zhejiang Province

Urbanization and ecological environment coordinated development is the development direction of contemporary urbanization. In this paper, the coupling degree model is used to analyze the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan and Zhejiang Province in 2014. The analysis results showed that, four provinces are highly coupled in the coupling degree. Guizhou province is in the low degree of disorder and the lag of urbanization for the coupling coordination degree; Yunnan province is also in a low degree of disorder and urbanization hysteresis; Zhejiang province is in a good coordination, while its urbanization is slightly lagging behind; Hunan province is in a low degree of imbalance, and there is a coordinated development of urbanization and ecosystem. In this paper, the research results help four provinces above to better realize the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment.
Bacterial diversity in the sediments of a temperate artificial lake, Rapel reservoir

Rapel reservoir is an eutrophic system in Chile that has undergone a series of anthropogenic impacts in recent decades. To provide a better understanding of the processes occurring in the reservoir, we examined bacterial composition from surface sediments using traditional microbiology techniques and molecular biology tools. Our results showed significant temporal variation in the physical and chemical composition of the water column, but no depth-related differences during the study period. To detect temporal changes in bacterial composition, cultivable heterotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic iron oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were extracted from the surface sediments and their concentration measured. Microbial diversity in sediments was represented by closest relatives of eight different bacterial phyla. The most frequently recovered phylotypes in the clone library of 16S rDNA were related to sulfate-reducing bacteria belong to the Deltaproteobacteria group.
Talent Management in a Collectivistic and Egalitarian Context - The Swedish Case

Talent Management (TM) is currently on top of the HR agenda of managers all over the world. Still, TM research and writing has to a large extent been focused on multinational, US-based firms. Recent research has identified a need for empirical research on TM in other national and cultural contexts. The current study focuses on TM practices in the Swedish context which is characterized by collectivistic and egalitarian values at odds with the individualistic and elitist values of TM. Based on a study of 16 organizations, three approaches to TM are identified – a Humanistic approach, a Competitive approach and an Entrepreneurial approach. The three approaches are described and discussed in relation to the organizational and cultural context in which they were identified. Hereby, the paper contributes to a more context-specific understanding of TM, which has been called for in previous research.
House price volatility and housing ownership over the lifecycle

We develop and test a model on the effects of spatial housing price risk on housing choice. Housing price risk can be substantial but, unlike other risky assets which people can avoid, most people want to eventually own their home thereby creating an insurance demand for housing ownership early in life. With increasing demographic needs over the life cycle, our model predicts that people living in places with higher housing price risk should own their first home at a younger age, should live in larger homes, and should be less likely to refinance. These predictions are shown to hold using comparable panel data from the United States and United Kingdom. (JEL D12, D91)
Yeast Water Relations: Physiological Changes Induced by Solute Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces rouxii

Summary: A comparison was made of the xerotolerant yeast Saccharomyces rouxii and its non-tolerant counterpart S. cerevisiae when fully adapted to growth media of high and low water activity (a w), and during the period of adaptation from a high aw to a medium containing NaCl (10%, w/v). Comparisons of the fully adapted yeasts were confined to levels of activity of phosphofructo-kinase and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results confirmed our previous findings obtained with different assay procedures that growth at diminished a w dramatically increased the level of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase in S. cerevisiae but had little or no effect in that respect on S. rouxii. Simultaneously phosphofructokinase activity was about doubled in S. cerevisiae and about halved in S. rouxii. Differences between the two yeasts were even more conspicuous during the period of response to salt stress. Saccharomyces rouxii apparently adapted fully to the salt broth within 6 h (at 30 °C) inasmuch as viability was unaffected by the transfer and glycerol content reached its maximum by then. On the other hand, S. cerevisiae took about 140 h to adapt by a process that could be resolved into two stages. Stage 1 was marked by a catastrophic drop in apparent viability and widely different counts on three plating media. Stage 2 was identified by similar counts on all three plating media and a progressive increase in viability up to the level of the original inoculum. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased during this stage but glycerol accumulation began in both species immediately after transfer. Throughout the entire adaptation period, S. cerevisiae consumed glucose much more slowly than did S. rouxii. The complexity of the response of S. cerevisiae to salt stress has focused attention on this species as a reference for studying yeast water relations in general.
Success Factors in New Ventures: A Meta-analysis

Technology entrepreneurship is key to economic development. New technology ventures (NTVs) can have positive effects on employment and could rejuvenate industries with disruptive technologies. However, NTVs have a limited survival rate. In our most recent empirical study of 11,259 NTVs established between 1991 and 2000 in the United States, we found that after four years only 36 percent, or 4,062, of companies with more than five full-time employees, had survived. After five years, the survival rate fell to 21.9 percent, leaving only 2,471 firms still in operation with more than five full-time employees. Thus, it is important to examine how new technology ventures can better survive. In the academic literature, a number of studies focus on success factors for NTVs. Unfortunately, empirical results are often controversial and fragmented. To get a more integrated picture of what factors lead to the success or failure of new technology ventures, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the success factors in NTVs. We culled the academic literature to collect data from existing empirical studies. Using Pearson correlations as effect size statistics, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the findings of 31 studies and identified the 24 most widely researched success factors for NTVs. After correcting for artifacts and sample size effects, we found that among the 24 possible success factors identified in the literature, 8 are homogeneous significant success factors for NTVs (i.e., they are homogeneous positive significant metafactors that are correlated to venture performance): (1) supply chain integration; (2) market scope; (3) firm age; (4) size of founding team; (5) financial resources; (6) founders' marketing experience; (7) founders' industry experience; and (8) existence of patent protection. Of the original 24 success factors, 5 were not significant: (1) founders' research and development (RD (2) founders' experience with start-ups; (3) environmental dynamism; (4) environmental heterogeneity; and (5) competition intensity. The remaining 11 success factors are heterogeneous. For those heterogeneous success factors, we conducted a moderator analysis. Of this set, three appeared to be success factors, and two were failure factors for subgroups within the NTVs' population. To facilitate the development of a body of knowledge in technology entrepreneurship, this study also identifies high-quality measurement scales for future research. The article concludes with future research directions
An extension of the DUSTY radiative transfer code and an application to OH 26.5 and TT Cygni

For the best-studied nearby Galactic asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars a wealth of observational data is typically available in the form of photometry, often extending into the sub-mm, spectra covering a wide wavelength range, and often also visibility curves. Almost 100 AGB stars and red super giants have been imaged as part of the MESS Herschel guaranteed time key program. This does not only add photometry points between 60 and 500 micron, but also intensity profiles at these wavelengths. Dust radiative transfer models are often used to analyse these types of datasets, but there are very many input parameters and therefore it is not straightforward how to derive a best fit. In order to facilitate this, the publicly available one-dimensional (1D) dust radiative transfer code DUSTY was modified and extended, and included as a subroutine in a minimazation code. The code allows a certain parameter set (typically luminosity, dust optical depth, dust temperature at the inner radius and slope of the density law) to be minimised against photometric and spectroscopic data, visibility curves and 1D intensity profiles as constraints. The code is described and first results are presented on the MESS targets OH 26.5 and TT Cyg. For OH26.5 previous findings regarding a two-component wind are confirmed, but with a smaller drop in mass loss (a factor of 5) than previously suggested. For TT Cyg it proved difficult to fit the Herschel intensity profiles and spectral energy distribution simultaneously. The best fits are obtained for density profiles that deviate strongly from r −2 and are more like r +3−+3.5 . This is qualitatively consistent with hydrodynamical models that simulate the interaction of the stellar wind with
A Priori Inequ Bound Analy Mass

The aim of this paper is to use inequality restrictions on the parameters of a structural model to find bounds on impulse response functions which are valid for any structural representation satisfying those restrictions. Economic theories specify signs and bounds of the coefficients which are the same among alternative paradigms: parameters are either positive or negative and propensities are between zero and one. These restrictions can thus provide a core of well established a priori impositions on which one can derive an economically meaningful interpretation of the reduced form system. Unlike just and over-identifying restrictions, inequalities select a set of structural interpretations: for this reason inference on impulse responses is derived as a bound analysis. In the last section we introduce an objective method to compare alternative under-identifying restrictions expressed as inequalities. JEL classification: C32.