Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Situação das indústrias madeireiras do Estado do Amazonas em 2000

Apesar da baixa atividade de usos do solo no Estado, a producao de madeira nao e sustentavel. Isso e causado, principalmente, pela falta de infra-estrutura dos orgaos responsaveis para monitorar os planos de manejo florestal e de corte raso para agricultura e pecuaria. Este estudo apresenta analise de alguns fatores de producao, industrializacao e comercializacao da industria madeireira do Estado do Amazonas, visando viabilizar diagnostico do setor florestal. Essas informacoes possibilitam o estabelecimento de politicas florestais para a regiao. Fez-se a definicao das zonas de producao, onde os principais municipios produtores de serrados foram Manaus, Itacoatiara, Manacapuru e Parintins; e de compensados e laminados foram Manaus e Itacoatiara. Apos essa definicao os dados foram coletados diretamente nas industrias, atraves de questionarios e entrevistas para coletar as seguintes informacoes: principais especies consumidas, produtividade das industrias, origem da materia-prima, transporte, qualificacao de pessoal e treinamento, principais problemas tecnologicos e exportacao. Em 2000, a producao estadual foi de 323.400m3 de madeira em toras. Mais de 50 especies diferentes sao usadas nas serrarias, das quais 16 representaram 80% do volume total, sendo as 5 especies (louro inhamui,angelim pedra,amapa,assacu e macaranduba) contribuiram com 49,34% do consumo total; quanto as industrias de compensado e laminado estas usaram, 17 especies onde as 5 principais (muiratinga, sumauma, copaiba, assacu e amapa) representaram 62,71% do consumo total.Tambem foram coletados dados complementares junto ao IBAMA, SUFRAMA, SEFAZ e IBGE.
Richness of tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in the Brazilian Cerrado: how much do we know?

The Cerrado biome is located in the central region of Brazil and consists mainly of savanna vegetation. In this study we assessed the richness of tiger moths (Arctiidae) of the Brazilian Cerrado. Specifically, we 1) assessed species richness in one-degree cells in the biome, 2) identified areas where these moths are poorly known, and 3) tested if similarities in species composition are related to geographical distance in the relatively well-sampled areas. We obtained the data mainly from specimens deposited in museums, but we also included additional information from the literature. We compiled 2,321 records belonging to 723 species. Specimens were recorded in 108 localities distributed in 67 one-degree cells. Species occurring exclusively in one or two one-degree cells represented 64% of the total number of species. Sample effort was not uniform in the biome, as there were very few records in the northern region of the Cerrado. The best-sampled one-degree cell had 239 species. Species assemblages were structured in space with a clear trend of localities near one another presenting more similarities in faunal composition than distant localities. This distance decay in similarity was slightly more pronounced along the longitudinal than along the latitudinal distances. We conclude that the Cerrado still remains poorly inventoried for tiger moths, particularly in its northern portion, where many unrecorded species may be found in the future. Despite of this limited knowledge, the best-sampled region indicates that richness of tiger moths in the Cerrado is comparable to the species-rich forest biomes in the Neotropical region.
A cytotoxic effect of lipopolysaccharide on a macrophage-like cell line, J774.1, in the presence of cycloheximide

Rapid damage to the cells was observed when a macrophage-like cell line, J774.1, was incubated with LPS in the presence of cycloheximide (CHI). Cells of an LPS-sensitive subline of J774.1, JA-4, but not an LPS-resistant mutant, LPS1916, became swollen and detached from the culture dish on treatment with 10 ng/ml LPS and 10 μg/ml CHI at 37°C for 4 h, accompanied with the release of lactate dehydrogenase. These changes were dependent on both LPS and CHI, and the addition of CHI to the macrophages later than 1 h after the addition of LPS failed to induce the cytotoxicity. As for the mechanism, protein kinase C (PKC) seemed to be involved, because down-regulation of PKC and staurosporine reduced the cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was dependent on serum, suggesting the involvement of CD14/LPS binding protein. However, TNFα does not seem to participate, because an anti-TNFα antibody did not inhibit the cytotoxicity and TNFα could not replace LPS.
Interferometry in flow to sort unstained X- and Y-chromosome-bearing bull spermatozoa.

Background It was found earlier that the difference in volume between unstained X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm heads could be detected using interference microscopy in visible light. This could be the basis for an alternative to the conventional method to sort X and Y sperm, which uses DNA staining and ultraviolet (UV)-excitation that may be harmful to sperm cells. A novel technique is introduced combining interferometry with flow cytometry. Materials and Methods Interference optics were built into an existing flow cytometer/cell sorter and used to sort fresh unstained bull sperm cells on the basis of their head volume. Sorted fractions were stained with a DNA stain, and reanalyzed using the conventional method. Results Purities between 60–66% were found in both X- and Y-enriched fractions. It was possible to sort up to 300 cells per second. The system was found to be less sensitive to the orientation of sperm cells than the conventional method. Conclusions Interferometry can be combined with flow cytometry and used to obtain significantly enriched fractions of X- and Y-bearing sperm without staining and UV light. Sorting speeds and purities at this point, however, are much lower than with the conventional method. Cytometry 47:192–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
La colonisation des massifs forestiers par Ixodes ricinus (linné, 1758) en France : utilisation du chevreuil, Capreolus capreolus (l. 1758) comme marqueur biologique

The roe-deer is a wild animal for which Ixodes ricinus has a particular fondness. Its territory is similar to that of the ticks and it is a species which is found throughout France yet which rarely leaves its territory. Given these conditions, a systematic parasitological examination of the ungulate can provide pertinent information concerning the forests inhabited by the tick. Since it is difficult to conduct a thorough examination of a large number of roe-deer over a limited space of time and on a large territory, the best solution is to examine the hind feet (hooves and tarsus) of the animal which are widely covered by the preimaginal stages of the tick. This biological material is easily available to the extent that the measurements of the animals are often used for game management. A preliminary study was conducted in Dordogne (southwestern France). Out of the 137 pairs of feet examined more than 50% carried the tick species (larvae or nymphs). The critical analysis of the results obtained throughout the investigation enables us to be more specific about the conditions of application of the advocated method.
Regulation of plant growth with triacontanol

Triacontanol (TRIA) is synthesized by plants and is a component of most biological material. New formulations of TRIA have shown activity with femtomolar doses. Exogenous applications of TRIA regulate directly or indirectly several physiological and biochemical processes. Many studies have shown that TRIA can increase the yield of crops but the results have not been sufficiently consistent in the U.S. to recommend its use commercially. Several experiments suggest TRIA, a metabolite of TRIA, or a secondary messenger, moves rapidly in plants after initial application. Additionally, several enzymes relating to carbohydrate metabolism increase in activity following TRIA treatment. Warm temperatures before foliar applications improved the plants response to TRIA. Many compounds have an antagonistic effect on the response of plants to TRIA. The most significant are phthalate esters which commonly occur in water and the research environment. TRIA has elicited many growth responses in plants with a rapidity not s.
Effect of using the doubly labelled water technique on long-term recapture in the brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus)

A banding study of Plecotus auritus was carried out in northeast Scotland between 1978 and 1991. A total of 526 bats were caught, and of these 211 had the procedures involved in the doubly labelled water technique performed on them (injection with isotopes, and in most cases removal of a small blood sample from the interfemoral vein). Recaptures of these bats in subsequent years allowed a direct comparison to be made between the proportions of recaptured bats which had been injected, those which had been both injected and bled, and those which had had neither procedure performed on them. The proportion of bats recaptured did not differ between the test and control groups, which suggests that these procedures had little or no effect on the long-term survival of this species, over and above any effect of the initial capture and handling.
Light Microscopical and Ultrastructural Organization of Muscles of Priapulus caudatus (Priapulida) and Their Responses to Drugs, with Phylogenetic Remarks

The muscle fibres of the marine invertebrate Priapulus caudatus (Priapulida) are obliquely striated. Thin and thick filaments and characteristic dyad structures were recognized. The ultrastructural organization shows more resemblances with that of arthropod muscles than with that of annelids or molluscs. Pharmacological studies show that the muscles are provided with “primitive” C 16 type of acetylcholine receptors. Tubocurarine, succinylcholine and decamethonium do not block the effect of acetylcholine but potentiate this. This remarkable response may be due to inhibition of choline esterase. No distinct structural or functional differences were observed between somatic and visceral muscles, but the rectum showed evidence of the presence of unspecific amine receptors. The pharmacological responses resemble in the main those known from various simply organized invertebrate phyla. The priapulids, as suggested by Lang in 1953, may te survivors of a very ancient animal group.
Medicinal Plants of the Washambaa (Tanzania): Documentation and Ethnopharmacological Evaluation

Abstract: Medicinal plants are an important local resource for the Washambaa of the Western Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. In this study the Washambaa medicinal plants are inventoried. It is based on ethnobotanical fieldwork carried out over 15 months. This study presents for the first time an analysis of medicinal plants used in Africa with a ranking of these taxa by the frequency of their reported use. A total of 328 taxa were collected and yielded 2260 individual use reports. The most popular species are Myrica salicifolia and Toddalia asiatica. Subsequently, the use reports were arranged into 9 groups of medicinal uses based on the types of illness treated. The Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC) is used in order to evaluate the ethnobotanical importance of the plants. The largest number of plants and of use reports are in the group of gastrointestinal disorders. For the most commonly used taxa, an ethnopharmacological evaluation was performed. Studies to evaluate the Washambaa therapeutic claims as well as toxicological data are still lacking for many of the species. This study will form the basis for pharmacological and phytochemical research on selected Washambaa medicinal plants.
Population enumeration and assessing conservation status in a widespread amphibian: a case study of Rana temporaria in Ireland

Global amphibian declines are a major element of the current biodiversity crisis. Monitoring changes in the distribution and abundance of target species is a basic component in conservation decision making and requires robust and repeatable sampling. For EU member states, surveillance of designated species, including the common frog Rana temporaria, is a formal requirement of the ‘EC Habitats & Species Directive’. We deployed established methods for estimating frog population density at local water bodies and extrapolated these to the national and ecoregion scale. Spawn occurred at 49.4% of water bodies and 70.1% of independent 500‐m survey squares. Using spawn mat area, we estimated the number of adult breeding females and subsequently the total population assuming a sex ratio of 1:1. A negative binomial model suggested that mean frog density was 23.5 frogs ha−1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9–44.0] equating to 196 M frogs (95%CI 124 M–367 M) throughout Ireland. A total of 86% of frogs bred in drainage ditches, which were a notably common feature of the landscape. The recorded distribution of the species did not change significantly between the last Article 17 reporting period (1993–2006) and the current period (2007–2011) throughout the Republic of Ireland. Recording effort was markedly lower in Northern Ireland, which led to an apparent decline in the recorded distribution. We highlight the need to coordinate biological surveys between adjacent political jurisdictions that share a common ecoregion to avoid apparent disparities in the quality of distributional information. Power analysis suggested that a reduced sample of 40–50 survey squares is sufficient to detect a 30% decline (consistent with the International Union for Conservation of Nature Category of ‘Vulnerable’) at 80% power providing guidance for minimizing future survey effort. Our results provide a test case for other EU member states to follow when conducting future conservation assessments for R. temporaria and other clump‐spawning amphibians.
Composition minéralogique de la phase argileuse des terres noires de Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme). Le problème des liaisons argiles-matière organique

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Composition minéralogique de la phase argileuse des Terres noires de Limagne (Puy-de-Dôme). Le problème des liaisons argiles-matière organique Michel Bornand, Jean Dejou, Michel Robert, Lucien Roger
Molecular markers to study population structure and dynamics in beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids)

For beneficial insects--predators and parasitoids--to be used effectively within pest control scenarios, it is often necessary to have fundamental as well as more applied information about them, including data on population dynamics, host switching and breeding systems. In recent years, such information has been gained by the use of molecular DNA markers. In this article, we briefly discuss the range of molecular markers available and their potential uses, concentrating on how particular markers have been employed to unravel different patterns of behaviour. Whilst alternative methods of tracking insects have proved highly informative when applied over small geographical scales (e.g., fluorescent dyes and radar transponders as attached to bees, etc), these approaches tend to be confined to studies of movement rather than other potentially important behaviours.
An individual based model of fish school reactions: predicting antipredator behaviour as observed in nature

An object-orientated, two-dimensional, cellular automata (CA) model is developed to describe and predict the schooling behaviour of fish in general, with Norwegian spring-spawning herring, Clupea harengus L. , being used as a case study. The CA model is applied to visualize internal school dynamics based on individual decision rules. Several antipredator strategies, such as split, join and vacuole, performed by schools during predator attack, are visualized in the model. The primary driving force of individual fish is based on simple attraction rules. The model includes stochastic elements which assume that individual herring do not have perfect information about their surroundings. Isolation of individual fish from a school during predator attack is also predicted by the model. The disruption of highly organized fish schools, followed by an attack on solitary herring individuals, may be an important tactic for predators feeding on schooling prey. The conceptual CA model identifies patterns and mechanisms both within and between schools that may be important in all schooling fish. Model simulations are compared with observed predator–prey interactions between killer whales, Orcinus orca L. , and herring in northern Norway.
Chromosomal fusion and meiotic behaviour in Delena cancerides (Araneae: Sparassidae). I. Chromosome pairing and X-chromosome segregation

Surface spreading of meiotic material in Delena cancerides indicates that pairing initiation among metacentric chromosomes with monobrachial homology differs from that of telocentric forms and free metacentric bivalents and results in a star-shaped structure at pachytene. Distance cosegregation of the three X chromosomes in ancestral, telocentric forms is prefaced by a centric association early in prophase I. This centric association of the X chromosomes is conserved in metacentric races despite the presence of an X-autosome fusion.Key words: synaptonemal complex, translocation heterozygote, X chromosome, spider.
Contribuição do ácido giberélico no tamanho de frutos do tomateiro

With the aim of assessing the behavior of tomato fruits subjected to increasing concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3), research was carried out in the municipality of Irati, Parana State, Brazil, within a commercial area of tomato crops, cultivar Fanny, in September under the crossing fence system with a single branch per plant. The adopted treatments were as follows: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120ppm of GA3, applied whenever the diameter of the fi rst fruits of the second clusters reached roughly 10mm. At harvest when the fruits had achieved 30 to 50% of reddish color, the fresh mass, length, and longitudinal and transversal diameters were measured. The application of 120ppm of GA3 provided maximum fresh mass and dimensions.
Facilitation associated with three contrasting shrub species in heavily grazed pastures on the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Small-scale vegetation patterns are frequently the results of plant-plant interactions such as facilitation and competition. Facilitation should be particularly pronounced when both abiotic and biotic stresses are high, but few studies were conducted in such habitats. In heavily-grazed pastures on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, an area with both high abiotic stress and strong biotic disturbance, we made releves of herb species both beneath and outside canopies of three shrub species (Spiraea alpina, Sibiraea angustata and Potentilla fruticosa) differing in palatability and canopy structure. Herb species richness (S), pooled cover (PC) of all species, number of flowering species (FS) and number of inflorescences of all species (IN) were greater outside than beneath the shrub canopies. Evenness (J), in contrast, was smaller outside, while Shannon’s diversity index (H) was the same. Differences in S and J between plots beneath and outside the shrub canopies were greater in the case of P. fruticosa than in the .
Screening for frost tolerance in wheat using the expression of dehydrine genes Wcs120 and Wdhn13 at 17°C

Cold induces expression of Cor/Lea genes, in particular of Wcs120 and W dhn13. The level of the expression at low temperatures was related to the frost tolerance (FT) of wheat cultivars. We studied the expression in five cultivars very different in the FT, at relatively high temperature of 17 and 25°C, respectively. Significant correlations at the 1 % level were found at 17°C between the expression level and FT, characterized by correlation coefficients 0.92 ** and 0.97 ** for Wcs120 and Wdhn13, respectively. These preliminary results could be used for screening of frost tolerant lines.
Natural antioxidants from herbs and spices

There is a growing interest in natural antioxidants found in plants because of the world-wide trend toward the use of natural additives in food and cosmetics. Herbs and spices are one of the most important targets to search for natural antioxidants from the point of view of safety. This review presents the results on stabilization of lipids and lipid-containing foods with different herbs and spices (ground materials or extracts) and reports the structure of the main antioxidatively acting compounds isolated from them. The review presents information about the antioxidative effects of rosemary, sage, oregano, thyme, ginger, summer savory, black pepper, red pepper, clove, marjoram, basil, peppermint, spearmint, common balm, fennel, parsley, cinnamon, cumin, nutmeg, garlic, coriander, etc. Among the herbs of the Labiatae family, rosemary has been more extensively studied and its extracts are the first marketed natural antioxidants. Sage and oregano, which belong to the same family, have gained the interest of many research groups as potential antioxidants.
A pterodactyloid pterosaur pelvis from the Santana Formation of Brazil: implications for terrestrial locomotion

ABSTRACT A well-preserved pelvis of a large pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Santana Formation (Aptian) of Brazil is described. The pelvis is the first in which the orientation of the acetabulum is unambiguous. The acetabulum is directed laterally and posteriorly, and indicates that the femur could be brought under the body. This would allow bipedal locomotion, and a new model of bipedal locomotion for pterodactyloid pterosaurs is presented.