Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KOLABORASI KREATIF DENGAN PRINSIP BERBAGI MANFAAT SECARA ETIS MELALUI DESAIN

Inovatif dan Kreatif melalui Kolaborasi Nusantara (IKKON) is a program that places a person or a group of creative collaborators in a region in Indonesia that aims to encourage and assist the development of local creative economic potential. Ethical Benefit Sharing is the essence of IKKON in collaboration. Direct observation and joining the IKKON team at the assignment site is conducted by the author in order to provide an elaboration of how the IKKON program is implemented and what impact it will have on the parties involved. Any enjoyable events or not that experienced by the team in the collaborative process can be a valuable learning obstacles in cultural differences sometimes become convenience. Ensuring mutual understanding is the power to collaborate in creating the great creation inspired by local culture and heritage. IKKON's works can be a reflection of the ability of Indonesian youth to create quality products and have a good value. IKKON can be a medium to open a broad insights of how to understand each other and work together for Indonesia
The biology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a model of adaptation and survival

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a fascinating organism. It is confined to humans where it inhabits only a few mucosal sites yet it causes about 65 million infections each year. However, few if any of these infections are fatal. This indicates that the gonococcus is a 'successful' pathogen, able to reproduce and disseminate and well suited to survival in its specialised environment, but at the same time causing minimal or at least nonlethal disruption to the host, thereby preserving its habitat. An understanding of the biology of the gonococcus, which has led to this situation, provides many relevant insights into the manifestations, epidemiology and management of gonococcal diseases. This review attempts to provide a summarised version of some features of the organism critical to this understanding. (author abstract)
Genetic diversity of weedy red rice (Oryza sativa) in Arkansas, USA

Summary Weedy red rice (Oryza sativa) is a problematic weed in cultivated rice. About 50% of US rice is produced in Arkansas and 60% of these fields have some red rice infestation. Red rice populations are morphologically and phenologically diverse. We hypothesise that red rice in Arkansas has high genetic diversity, which underlies its wide phenotypic diversity, and that some alleles from cultivated rice have been introgressed into red rice during more than a century of coexistence. We tested 137 red rice accessions from four ecological zones in Arkansas and 36 cultivars that have been grown in Arkansas in the past century. Twenty-seven rice microsatellite primers, distributed across 12 chromosomes, were used to generate molecular markers. The overall Neis genetic distance (GD) of red rice accessions was 0.70. Rice grown in the last century had an overall GD of 0.26. The awnless strawhull red rice was genetically distant from blackhull (GD = 0.55) and brownhull (GD = 0.60) red rice types. Neis GD between blackhull and brownhull red rice was 0.42. Brownhull and blackhull formed one genotypic cluster, whereas the majority of strawhull red rice formed another cluster. Within blackhull red rice, the GD was 0.76, whereas for awnless strawhull it was 0.68, 0.75 for awned strawhull and 0.80 for brownhull types. The gene diversity of blackhull and strawhull correlated with zone of origin. A quarter of the red rice accessions share common alleles with cultivated rice. A diverse complex of weedy populations has evolved in a region devoid of other weedy and wild Oryza species.
DNA Amplification of Meat Tenderness Gene of Bali Cattle

The aim of this study was to find out DNA band pattern as a result of amplification using DNA primer from meat tenderness gene of Bali cattle. Sample used in this study was DNA isolated from blood Bali cattle. Blood samples was collected in heparin tubes from jugular vein. Leucocyte cells were isolated using RBCs (Red Blood Cells) lysis buffer. To get DNA fragmen, marbling and meat tenderness gene were amplified by using DNA primer for for meat tenderness (forward: 5’–CTACCGGGACGTCAACCT-3’; reverse: 5’-GGTTGTCGGGGTAGCTCA-3’). The size of DNA fragment were 210 bp. Key w ords : Bali cattle, meat tenderness gene
Scaffolding of the Cofilin Pathway by Beta-Arrestin-1

Author(s): Lin, Alice | Advisor(s): DeFea, Kathryn A | Abstract: Beta-arrestins are well-known mediators involved in both activation and termination of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. Beta-arrestins transduce signals by binding to, and either activating or inhibiting, various downstream signaling proteins, leading to a variety of cellular responses, which can occur independent of the heterotrimeric G-protein coupling. Since about 40% of currently used therapeutics target GPCRs, understanding the functions of beta-arrestins is an important biological question. We established a model that shows beta-arrestins mediate the actin cytoskeletal reorganization downstream of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) by temporally and spatially controlling cofilin activation. Cofilin severs actin filaments and is controlled by opposing actions of LIM kinase (LIMK) (which inactivates it by phosphorylation on Ser3) and cofilin-specific phosphatase, chronophin (CIN) that activates it. My study elucidated how beta-arrestin-1 can interact and regulate LIMK and cofilin in PAR-2-enhanced actin dynamics. First, beta-arrestin-1 bound and inhibited LIMK activity directly. At least two specific binding sites on beta-arrestin-1 to LIMK1 or to cofilin were identified within residues 1 to 99 and 183-418 by using multiple recombinant beta-arrestin-1 truncations and a deletion mutant (residues 146 to 182 were deleted) in sandwich immunoassays. The deletion mutant showed high binding affinity and direct inhibition of LIMK1, which suggested that if beta-arretsin-1 is induced into the appropriate conformation for exposing the amino and carboxyl binding regions, beta-arrestin-1 can directly bind and inhibit LIMK1 activity. Beta-arrestin-1 may protect cofilin from phosphorylation and inactivation, too. Results from spot peptide arrays confirmed the amino region of beta-arrestin-1 was the specific binding site for LIMK1. Co-immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay further proved the interaction of beta-arrestin-1 and LIMK1 in cells. The absence of beta-arrestins disrupted the cofilin activation and caused abnormal development of growth cones and mature dendritic spines in mouse hippocampus. This dissertation demonstrated that the specific regions in beta-arrestin-1 scaffold and regulate the kinase activity of LIMK1. Thus, beta-arrestin-1 contributes to the spatial regulation of cofilin activation by sequestering cofilin with CIN while inhibiting LIMK at cell protrusions.
Verificação experimental para confirmação de técnica in vitro do efeito bystander induzido por radiação gama na linhagem celular CHO-K1

The bystander effect refers to biological responses detected in cells not directly irradiated but influenced, somehow, by signals transmitted from neighboring irradiated cells. These biological responses include sister chromatid exchange, mutations, micronucleus formation, chromosomal aberrations, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and necrosis. Although its existence is unquestionable, the mechanisms involved on triggering the bystander effect are not yet completely elucidated. Previous studies have shown that the bystander effect depends on a large variety of parameters including the radiation dose, the dose rate, the type of radiation and type of cells or tissue. This study aims to confirm the technique previously used in the literature in human cell lines for the bystander effect verification. The results suggest that the working conditions adopted by the group show technical efficiency and enables the reproduction of the bystander effect.
Het functionele landschap: de invloed van landschap en bedrijfsvoering op natuurlijke plaagonderdrukking in spruitkool

Speelt de groene dooradering van het landschap een rol bij de natuurlijke plaagregulatie? Op 22 biologische spruitkoolbedrijven verdeeld over diverse landschappen in heel Nederland zijn tellingen gedaan van het klein koolwitje en de koolmot. Het omringende landschap varieerde sterk in de hoeveelheid opgaande begroeiing, zoals hagen, houtwallen en bomenrijen, en in het tuinbouwareaal. Voor deze studie is een indeling gemaakt in vier ruimtelijke schalen, te weten cirkels rond een betreffend perceel met een middellijn van 0.3, 1, 2 en 10 km. We vonden een verband tussen de ruimtelijke structuur van de omgeving en de plaagdichtheid op de akker: de aantallen rupsen van het kleine koolwitje en de koolmot waren kleiner bij een sterkere dooradering van het klein koolwitje en de koolmot waren kleiner bij een sterkere dooradering van het landschap met heggen (op schaal van 2 diameter) en bij een kleiner areaal van tuinbouwgewassen in de omgeving. Dit onderzoek suggereert dat natuurlijke plaagregulatie op een akker beter kan verlopen als er meer heggen en andere lijnvormige landschapselementen staan in het omringende landschap en als daar de tuinbouwgewassen meer ruimtelijk worden gescheiden
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Implications Associated with Consumption of the Thinlip Mullet (Liza ramada) Collected from Sites of Varying Salinity

The bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni) were assessed in tissues (gills, liver, and muscles) of the thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) collected from three aquatic habitats varying in salinity in Egypt (freshwater, brackish, and offshore sites). In the freshwater site, metals accumulate in order of gills > liver > mussels with exception to Cu, Zn and Ni (liver > gills > mussels). In the brackish site, the order of metal accumulation for Fe, Cu, Zn, and Co were: liver > gills > mussels, and for Ni, Pb, and Mn were: gills > liver > mussels, while; Cd accumulated in order of mussels > gills > liver. In offshore site, Metals accumulates in order of: liver > gills > mussels except for Mn and Ni (gills > liver > mussels) and Cd (mussels > gills > liver). The overall metal concentrations for the three sites were ranked in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Co > Ni. There were significant differences between sites for Cu and Co, and between fish organs for Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni. Strong positive correlations were found between Fe and Zn (P<0.001), Fe and Pb (P<0.001), Fe and Mn (r= P<0.001), Mn and Ni (P<0.001), and Cd and Ni (r= P<0.01). Significant positive correlations (p<0.05) were observed between Zn with Co and Fe with Ni. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values for Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni were higher than 1 for the three sites, which suggests that adverse health effects might arise from the consumption of these fish. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for Ni and Cd were higher than the recommended levels, indicating health effects; however, the values for rest of the metals were lower than the recommended EDI levels, suggesting that they are unlikely to pose a health risk.
Ecosystème microbien d'un atelier fermier de salaison : Identification et propriétés des bactéries lactiques

Les productions fermieres representent un enjeu socio-economique important, neanmoins l'hygiene dans les ateliers fermiers est encore peu ou mal maitrisee, ce qui peut conduire a une perte de produit pouvant atteindre 25% a certaines periodes de l'annee. Notre etude realisee dans le cadre de 2 programmes, regional et europeen, avait pour objectif d'etudier l'ecosysteme microbien d'un atelier fermier de salaison n'utilisant pas de ferment et de proposer des solutions pour ameliorer la qualite hygienique et technologique du saucisson sec, sans affecter sa typicite. La description quantitative et qualitative de l'ecosysteme microbien de cet atelier fermier a montre une faible maitrise de l'hygiene, une mise en œuvre de procedures de nettoyage et de desinfection non appropriees, ainsi qu'une faible acidite du produit (pH 6,2 – 6,5). A partir de la souchotheque constituee au cours de cette premiere etape, nous avons identifie et caracterise la flore lactique, en vue de developper un ferment lactique et une « flore barriere » a partir de la flore endogene a l'atelier. Les identifications de 88 isolats de la flore lactique par approche phenotypique, genotypique et spectroscopique ont montre qu'Enterococcus faecium (25%) et Vagococcus carniphilus (12,5%) etaient les especes dominantes au niveau des surfaces et des equipements de l'atelier, alors que Lactococcus garvieae (18,2%) et Lactobacillus sakei (40,9%) etaient, respectivement, les especes dominantes au niveau de la melee et du saucisson. Les 36 souches de Lb. sakei identifiees ont ete caracterisees par rapport a leur potentiel d'utilisation comme ferments. Une analyse multivariee des resultats obtenus a permis de selectionner 2 souches pouvant etre utilisees dans le developpement d'un ferment specifique a cet atelier. En outre, 5 Vc. carniphilus, 3 Ec. faecium, 1 Lb. sakei et 1 Enterococcus sp. ont ete testees pour leur effet antibacterien a l'encontre de Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus et/ou Hafnia alvei en conditions de biofilms bi-especes. Deux souches d'Ec. faecium ont ete caracterisees comme pouvant jouer le role de « flore barriere » au niveau des surfaces et des equipements de l'atelier. Par ailleurs, dans une perspective de mise en place de procedures de decontamination appropriees a cet atelier, differentes solutions de desinfection ont ete testees pour leur effet bactericide selectif sur des bacteries d'interet technologique, d'alteration et pathogene, isolees de cet atelier et cultivees en biofilms. Le desinfectant utilise dans cet atelier s'est avere non selectif detruisant la flore d'interet technologique. Par contre, la solution d'acide acetique a pH 5,4 contenant 0,075% p/v de monolaurine s'est montree selective, inhibant la flore indesirable a des niveaux pouvant atteindre 4 log10 u.f. c/ml alors que la flore d'interet technologique n'a ete que peu affectee. L'ensemble de ces resultats suggere la possibilite d'ameliorer la qualite des saucissons secs fermiers en adoptant une approche de type ecologie microbienne dirigee dans les ateliers fermiers.
Ecological response to human trampling and conservation status of Helianthemum caput-felis (Cistaceae) at the eastern periphery of its range

Abstract Border and isolated plant populations represent an interesting target for ecological and conservation issues. We analysed the ecological constraints and the conservation status of the eastern population of Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. (Cistaceae), located in Sardinia. The distribution of H. caput-felis was verified via field surveys; ecological data, morphological and reproductive traits, were recorded in 40 permanent plots randomly established; the human trampling effects on plant density, plant size and plant performance were analysed. Plant density was higher in bedrock and lowland areas, in garrigue and maquis habitats; however, the differences among plants growing in different ecological conditions were not statistically significant; only human trampling intensity significantly affected plant density and lowest values were observed in areas with intense trampling pressure. All ecological variables analysed had a statistically significant effect on plant size and on the number of fruits per plant. In particular, larger plants were found in areas with the following ecological features: presence of structured soil, on the slopes, in the maquis habitat, and in areas with intensive human trampling. Conversely, plants displayed a higher fruits output per plant in deep and structured soil, in lowland areas, and in the garrigue and maquis habitats; the mean fruits output per plant increased as human trampling intensified. Human-induced threats are the main hazards threatening the remaining Sardinian population. In particular, the major threats are linked to tourism and other outdoor activities (i.e. human trampling), followed by the expansion of agricultural activities; all of these threats result in the disappearance of small localities and in reduced population size due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Our study indicates that H. caput-felis should be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) at the regional level. Urgent measures should be undertaken to protect the remaining H. caput-felis population in Sardinia and a possible integrated strategy for the conservation and management consists of a combination of in situ and ex situ measures. In particular, greater emphasis should be given to minimizing the negative impacts of unsustainable tourism and recreation use, in order to exclude human trampling and to facilitate the plant recruitment process and population renewal. In addition, an ex situ conservation strategy must be implemented and the seeds collected could be used for future translocations in suitable areas. Moreover, considering the threats observed, a long-term monitoring programme must be developed to reveal changes in the species conservation status.
Relación entre Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) y el virus de la mancha anular del papayo (PRSV-p)

Polyphagotarsonemus latus es una especie cosmopolita que afecta diferentes cultivos tanto en áreas templadas como tropicales. El principal daño ocasionado por esta especie es la reducción o deformación de hojas jóvenes, brotes, frutos y flores. Cuando P. latus se alimenta de hojas de papayo, éstas presentan clorosis y las hojas se enrollan. En México, el daño causado por este ácaro es conocido como “mano de chango” porque el área de las hojas de papayo se reduce casi hasta las nervaduras. Este daño es similar al causado por el Virus de la mancha anular del papayo (PRSVp). Debido a que P. latus y PRSV-p causan daños similares a las hojas de papayo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de P. latus, PRSV-p y su posible interacción en la reducción del área foliar en plantas de papayo. El diagnóstico de PRSV-p se realizó mediante RT-PCR. Los efectos producidos por P. latus fueron similares a los producidos por PRSV-p; sin embargo, éstos pueden diferenciarse por la zona que es atacada. Los daños de los ácaros sólo se encontraron en las hojas más jóvenes, la clorosis siempre comenzaba de la vena central hacia la parte terminal de los foliolos, a diferencia de la producida por el virus que podía presentarse en cualquier parte de la lámina foliar. La altitud y el diámetro de los tallos pueden verse afectados por la infestación de los ácaros, lo cual no sucede con la presencia del virus.
RNA-5 AND -6, TWO ADDITIONAL NEGATIVE-SENSE RNA SEGMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH FIG MOSAIC VIRUS

Two novel RNA molecules, denoted RNA-5 and RNA-6, found in Fig mosaic virus-infected plants in addition to the previously identified four RNA segments were completely sequenced. Each segment consisted of a single open reading frame (ORF). In particular, RNA-5 is 1,752 nucleotides in size and expresses a polypeptide of 502 amino acids (ca. 59 kDa), whereas RNA-6 comprises 1,212 nucleotides and codes for a polypeptide of 188 amino acids (21.5 kDa). Both RNA segments possess, at their 5’/3’ termini, stretches of conserved nucleotides that are common to the other previously identified FMV RNA segments. The proteins encoded by RNA-5- and RNA-6 did not reveal any potential function nor similarities with any known viral protein or conserved motif in database, including those of related Emaravirus-like viruses. The presence of two novel RNA segments in the genome of FMV is in accordance with findings reporting more than four RNA molecules in some of the viruses that, like FMV, have enveloped particles originally denoted “double-membraned bodies”.
Elevational variation in body size of Phrynocephalus vlangalii in the North Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau

We examined elevational and environmental aspects of body size variation in the Qinghai toad-headed lizard, Phrynocephalus vlangalii, using principal component analysis (PCA) of 9 morphological traits taken from 565 lizards from 17 populations. The first principal component (PC1 ) accounted for 67% of the size variation in males and 62% in females. For both males and females, PCI decreased with increasing elevation. When analyzed in relation with respect to environmental variables, body size showed positive relationship with temperature, air pressure, and activity season length, but showed weaker or inconsistent relationships with rainfall and humidity. The described pattern is the converse of Bergmann's rule For this lizard species and suggests that this body size pattern is driven by temperature. air pressure or length of the activity season.
The Learning Curve in Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction. The impact on the Surgical Time and Postoperative Clinical Results

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury. The objective of the current study was to evaluate if the learning curve has an impact on surgical time and postoperative clinical outcomes after anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using an outside-in tunnel drilling hamstrings technique. The learning curve has a positive impact on surgical time but has no influence on postoperative clinical outcomes at short time follow-up.
Dynamic spectral cues do not affect human sound localization during small head movements

Natural listening involves a constant deployment of small head movement. Spatial listening is facilitated by head movements, especially when resolving front-back confusions, an otherwise common issue during sound localization under head-still conditions. The present study investigated which acoustic cues are utilized by human listeners to localize sounds using small head movements (below ±10° around the center). Seven normal-hearing subjects participated in a sound localization experiment in a virtual reality environment. Four acoustic cue stimulus conditions were presented (full spectrum, flattened spectrum, frozen spectrum, free-field) under three movement conditions (no movement, head rotations over the yaw axis and over the pitch axis). Localization performance was assessed using three metrics: lateral and polar precision error and front-back confusion rate. Analysis through mixed-effects models showed that even small yaw rotations provide a remarkable decrease in front-back confusion rate, whereas pitch rotations did not show much of an effect. Furthermore, MSS cues improved localization performance even in the presence of dITD cues. However, performance was similar between stimuli with and without dMSS cues. This indicates that human listeners utilize the MSS cues before the head moves, but do not rely on dMSS cues to localize sounds when utilizing small head movements.