Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Value-Creating Governance

® " Activist " hedge funds: creators of lasting wealth? What do the empirical studies really say? _ (Opinions expressed herein are the sole responsibility of the authors) Executive Summary _ Hedge funds have found, in some academic circles, supporters and champions of their enduring contribution to shareholder wealth. Some recent empirical research has triggered an important debate in the American corporate/financial world about the role of board of directors, the rights of shareholders, and the very concept of the business corporation. The terms of the debate run as follows: Are boards of directors responsible for the long-term interest of the company? Or, are there lasting benefits from " activist funds " pushing and prodding reticent boards of directors to take actions these activists consider likely to create significant wealth for shareholders? What are the consequences of this " activism " for other stakeholders and for the very nature of board governance? A wide range of observers with considerable financial experience and corporate expertise take a dim view of " activist hedge funds " , lambasting them for their greed-fuelled short-term stratagems and their prejudicial influence on the long-term health of companies. Professor Lucian Bebchuk of the Harvard Law School, argue that these wise people, with loads of practical experience, have no " scientific " basis for their collective judgment that activist interventions are detrimental to the long-term interests of shareholders and companies. Having assembled reams of data and statistics, Bebchuk and his colleagues claim they have " scientifically " demonstrated that hedge funds are not " myopic activists " , but on the contrary bring to corporations they target performance improvements which last long after they have exited the target company. We carefully reviewed Bebchuk et al.'s paper and reached the following conclusions: First, the authors have not demonstrated that activist hedge funds, per se, create lasting, long-term value and bring a long-term perspective to their " activism ". They have merely shown some statistical relationships to provide (weak) support to their thesis. The weight of experience still trumps the results presented in Bebchuk et al. Secondly, the most generous conclusion one may reach from these empirical studies has to be that " activist " hedge funds create some short-term wealth for some shareholders as a result of investors who believe hedge fund propaganda (and some academic studies), jumping in the stock of targeted companies. In a minority of …
Specification of Mineral Composition, Heavy Metal Content, Microbiological Characteristics of a Traditional Anatolian Cheese-Aho Cheese

DOI: 10.21276/sb.2017. 3.12. 5 Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to determine certain microbiological characteristics, mineral contents heavy metal levels in 16 Aho cheeses of Sürmene and Araklı districts of Trabzon and to determine the suitability of the Turkish Food Codex. Mineral ingredient and heavy component contents have been identified based on ICPOES implementation and in mg kg -1 unit type. In Aho cheese samples the average levels of the mineral contents and heavy metals in the Aho cheeses were determined as; calcium 3628.30±355.07 mg kg -1 , potassium 461.20±33.48 mg kg -1 , sodium 8463.75±658.97 mg kg -1 , magnesium 163.42±10.96 mg kg -1 , iron 5.46±1.29 mg kg -1 , zinc 27.04±2.62 mg kg -1 , copper 1.358±0.13 mg kg -1 , manganese 0.31±0.17 mg kg -1 , phosphorus 4187.05±327.60 mg kg -1 , lead 0.174±0.04 mg kg -1 and cadmium 0.028±0.04 mg kg -1 . The microbiological values obtained were as follows; yeast and moulds 4.12±0.09 log cfu g -1 , total aerobic mesophilic bacteria 6.72±0.11 log cfu g -1 , Lactobacilli bacteria counts in the MRS agar 6.42±0.05 log cfu g -1 . Coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were <10 in all samples. As a result, it was determined that the mineral contents and heavy metal levels of the cheese samples were within the limits determined by the Turkish Food Codex for some foods.
Effect of Thai Jasmine Rice on the Fruiting Body Growth of Cordyceps militaris

Cordyceps militaris is a potential source of pharmacological activities including antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, anti-cancer and anti-leukemic. Rice was used as carbon source and mixed with C. militaris culture media. The aim of this research was to study the effect of Thai jasmine rice on the fruiting body growth of C. militaris. Thai jasmine rice and Sangyod brown rice (control) were mixed with C. militaris culture media in glass bottle and sterilized for 30 min before used. Five milliliters of C. militaris liquid culture were inoculated into sterilized glass bottle containing rice and C. militaris culture media and incubated in the dark at 22 C for 7 days, under light at 18 C for 7 day and continued at 22 C for 60 days. Fresh C. militaris fruiting body was cut from glass bottle, weighted and dried at 50 C for 8 hr. The results found that average weight of fresh C. militaris fruiting body obtained from Thai jasmine rice (20.84 + 0.29 g/bottle) was higher than that from Sangyod brown rice (6.26 + 0.26 g/bottle). Cordycepin in C. militaris fruiting body obtained from Thai jasmine rice was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and higher than that obtained from Sangyod brown rice at 4080 mg/kg. Thai jasmine rice is an alternative substrate instead of Sangyod brown rice for C. militaris to reduce the cost of production.
Analysis of Network User Behavior on Campus Network

: This thesis analyzes the behavioral characteristics of network users on the campus network. After capturing and processing communication data and recovering sessions, we can know the group behaviors of the campus users. What’s more, the use of the diskless computer among the cadets can also be seen from this analysis. On the one hand, such analysis can offer the theoretical basis for campus network. On the other hand, this work can help the administrative know more about the cadets’ study situation on the campus network and make better management. To some degree, the analysis reflects the importance of network users’ behavior analysis network management.
Parametric Analysis of Vertical Deflections of Bridges under Moving Loads

DOI: 10.21276/sb.2017. 3.12. 9 Abstract: In order to develop the sustainability of bridge engineering design in many design offices of underdeveloped countries, this work outlines design guidelines by examining the behavior of bridges vertical displacement in relation to several parameters such as the moving speed, the track irregularities, the span-length, the elasticity modulus, the cross-section geometry and the material damping. A simply supported Euler-Bernoulli bridge-beam model coupled to a multiple moving point loading under different conditions is developed based on the Hooke’s law, the Navier’s hypothesis and the Saint-Venant’s principle. Obtained results give a deeper understanding on the influence of these parameters in the initial design, and show that the use of a single dynamic magnification factor alone, for different bridge parameters, is not technically optimal for an improved dynamic analysis of existing and under-design bridges, and that local Design Bureau should implement a more sustainable design methodology to tackle uncertainties in bridge behavioral responses for its wider understanding.
Impact of Higher Education on National Economic Development

DOI: 10.21276/sb.2017. 3.10. 2 Abstract: Education is nationally and internationally recognized as one of the most important ways and means for promoting economic development. Here arises a question on what type of education to be imparted for the national development in terms of primary, secondary and tertiary education. Knowledge-based challenge within a globalized economy is accelerating a fresh consideration of the role of higher education in economic development and its expansion. In the past, it was seen that the higher education was very much costly and at the same time, it was really inefficient public service which could only benefit the wealthy and privileged class. Importance of education has now been realized to be successful in the field of economic development. A short look upon some recent research findings indicates that higher education is a determinant of increasing income. Additionally, the higher education may create awareness about how to increase tax revenue, boosts savings and investment, improve a nation‘s health, contribute to reducing the rate of population growth and enhance the adoption of technology in order to strengthen the governance. Colleges and Universities have an important role to play in regional and national economic development efforts through producing quality graduates. Undoubtedly, the higher education and economic development complement to each other. To gain national economic development, colleges and universities must be the key partners throughout the development process of the country.
Influence of the Antecedents of Service Quality and Perceived Value in Its Relations with Service Evaluation Constructs of the University Classes

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018. 6.2. 4 Abstract: An empirical study was carried out at the Universidad Privada Boliviana (UPB) in order to analyze the influence of the introduction of antecedent constructs in a structural equations model of university service evaluation. Previously, instruments were designed to measure the investigated constructs of class service evaluation with adequate validity and reliability. Three models of class service evaluation were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM): 1) comprehensive, 2) service quality antecedents, and 3) antecedents of service quality and value. The comparison of the values of the direct and indirect paths and the predictive power between the three models allowed testing positively the three hypotheses raised in the investigation. The most important finding is that if antecedent constructs (either the quality of service or the value) are introduced to the comprehensible model, they produce an increase in the intensity of their routes with their constructs consequence. On the other hand, the hierarchical superiority of the perceived value over the service quality in its influence with the mediator construct (student satisfaction) and the predictive construct (behavioral intentions of postclass) was verified. These conclusions are particular to the specific context in which the research was carried out and will require the contribution of other specific research in other universities to achieve generalization.
Evaluation of biofilm accumulation on and deactivation force of orthodontic Ni-Ti archwires before and after exposure to an oral medium: A prospective clinical study

Background. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate biofilm accumulation on and deactivation force of orthodontic nickeltitanium (NiTi) archwires before and after exposure to an oral medium. Methods. Four commercial brands of orthodontic NiTi 0.016" archwires were examined before and after exposure to the oral medium for 4 weeks. Six archwire segments, 30 mm in length, from each manufacturer were tested in a device with four selfligating brackets, channel 0.022", adapted to a universal test machine to evaluate the deactivation force between 0.5 and 3 mm of deflection. The presence of biofilm on the archwire surfaces was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, before and after exposure to the oral medium. The Wilcoxon and kappa tests were applied to the biofilm scores, three-way ANOVA for repeated measures (Bonferroni post-test), and linear regression between biofilm and deactivation force. Results. The exposure to the oral medium promoted moderate to severe presence of debris on the archwire surfaces and caused a reduction in deactivation force for the Ormco and GAC brands, while maintaining them with adequate force levels. The MORELLI and ORTHOMETRIC archwires underwent no significant reduction in deactivation force; moreover, these maintained elevated levels of force after exposure to the oral medium. The Spearman test indicated a low correlation between biofilm accumulation and deflection force for the Morelli (R2=0.132 and P=0.683) and Orthometric (R2=0.308 and P=0.330) brands. On the other hand, the GAC (R=0.767 and P=0.004) and ORMCO (R=0.725 and P=0.008) brands exhibited statistically significant correlation between these variables. Conclusion. Exposure to the oral medium for one month might give rise to significant changes in the dissipation of forces of orthodontic NiTi archwires, resulting from biofilm accumulation.
Simulation of a Project Area by Using Virtual Reality

: Simulation of a construction project area not even travelling there is an innovative idea to have real perception about that area with the innovation of cutting-edge technology of Oculus Rift. Visceral experience inside the imagery is also a new perception of being physically present in a non-physical world by using an Oculus Rift. Virtual simulation on any images and videos provide completely preoccupied environment for the purpose of having real perceptions without being present at that place. Oculus Rift, which is a virtual reality headset, is capable of maintaining six degrees of freedom of rotational and positional tracking to realize the real test of presence in the imagery sphere. Google street view, personal street view and Google Map enable accessing of any location on the earth and virtual reality can create the real perception without moving to the location. Therefore, this study is aimed to work out a cost effective and time efficient model of experiencing virtual site perception of reality without moving to that place. The technique of imagery analysis by using immersive visualization at any locations is implemented in the study. It is an analytical technique for making a comparison among different probable project suitability in a location. In this study, it is also developed a technique of identifying the most suitable location for a particular project by wearing head mounted display integrated with street view, satellite view and bird’s view. In the process, images are introduced by dragging and dropping from the extra features of Unity Engine software into the artificial world representing the reality of Oculus Rift.
Normative behavior based on emergent invariant expectations

In this paper we suggest a strictly evolutionary approach of establishing normative behavior and norms in agent systems. Our approach is strongly inspired by macro-sociological systems theory and is especially based on symbolically generalized media of communication. By means of expectation structures we avoid well-known problems of logic based methods, which usually arise around the notion of commitments. Our concept of norms is, due to the chosen background of systems theory, an observer based notion
Surgical treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women worldwide. It is said that one in eight women will develop breast cancer. Morbidity and mortality increases with age, significantly after the age of 45, with peak morbidity in the 50s [1,2]. Early detection of the disease is vital. More than 90% of breast cancer patients can be cured, if the disease is detected at an early stage. Mammography is a significant screening test for early detection [3]. Although self-examination is commended, it is believed it does not have a meaningful role in early detection [4]. Risk factors include: Age, gender, positive family history, heredity, hormones, dense breasts, precancerous lesions such as atypical hyperplasia, ionising radiation, physical inactivity and obesity after menopause, and longer exposure to estrogen (hormone replacement treatment, early menarche, late menopause). Women with mammograms showing dense breasts have 4 times the risk of contracting the disease [5], as do women with atypical hyperplasia, and in the case of positive family history, the risk increases 8-12 times [6]. Women with a history of ovarian cancer have 2 times the risk (possible mutations of BRCA 1 or BRCA2 genes). Ionising radiation is unsafe during Damir Grebić* Department of Surgery, University of Rijeka, Europe *Corresponding author: Damir Grebić, Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 42, Rijeka, Croatia, Europe. Tel: 051/658-684; Fax: 051/213-734; Email: damir.grebic@medri.uniri. hr
Cognitive achievement production in Madagascar: a value-added model approach

ABSTRACT In this paper, we measure the contribution of an additional year of schooling on skills acquisition for a cohort of young adults in Madagascar. We estimate a value-added model of learning achievement that includes test scores measured at adolescence, thereby reducing the potential for omitted variable bias. We demonstrate that schooling increases cognitive skills among young adults. The value-added of a year of schooling during adolescence is 0.15 to 0.26 standard deviation. Our results show the skills gap widens in adolescence, as students with higher cognitive skills complete more grades, accumulating more skills in their transition to adulthood.
Evaluation of Apical Transportation with Two Rotary Path File Systems versus Hand Stainless Steel Files Using ComputedTomography

The main aim of the root canal preparation is to remove the infected debris and residual pulp tissues. Shaping the root canal provides more efficient disinfection by creating a reservoir for irrigants and medicaments and also provide space for canal filling. Stainless steel files are less flexible and tends to result in procedural errors. To minimize these errors coronal enlargement and the prior creation of glide paths should be done. Recently Ni-Ti rotary path files were introduced which are more flexible and cause less aberrations. In this study we have compared the apical canal transportation with two rotary path files system and hand stainless steel file system using computed tomography. Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth were divided into three different groups consisting of ten samples in each group. Each group were scanned using SOMATOM DEFINITION 60032, Germany digital imaging (spiral CT with 128 slices) for pre-instrumentation dimensions. Then the respective groups were subjected to biomechanical preparation with hand stainless steel K-files and rotary path files. For all the groups irrigation was done with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 0.9% saline after use of each file with a disposable syringe and glyde was used as a lubricant before and after use of each file. After bio mechanical preparation, each group were further scanned with CT for post instrumentation canal dimensions. The data from the CT scan was tabulated pre and post in each group with measurement from buccal, lingual, mesial and distal sides at apical level. The values were statistically analysed and conclusion were drawn from the study that stainless steel hand K-files have got higher mean transportation as compared to rotary path files.
Post operative visual outcomes after cataract surgery in a teaching hospital

Introduction: An uneventful cataract surgery with intraocular lens implant is capable of providing normal vision. Good visual outcome increases patient’s satisfaction and quality of life. Aim is to evaluate the postoperative complications and visual outcomes after manual small incision cataract surgery at a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study 100 patients who underwent uneventful SICS with PCIOL implant were followed up. Patients having pre-existing ocular disease were excluded. IOL power was accurately estimated. Visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus findings were recorded at each postoperative visit upto 6 weeks and in some cases upto 3months. We followed the visual outcome standards set by WHO. Results: 53 males and 47 females in the age group of 45 to 75 and above were selected. On 1st post operative day 38% patients had quiet eyes. In 62% patients, decreased vision and complications observed on 1st post operative day and upto 1st week were: Striate keratopathy and corneal edema, anterior uveitis with pupillary membrane, residual lens matter, macular edema, endophthalmitis, intraocular hemorrhage with secondary glaucoma and IOL related causes. On the 6th postoperative week during spectacles prescription, 60% had uncorrected Astigmatism, 5% consecutive myopia/ hypermetropia and 8% had posterior capsular opacity. At 3 months follow up, 92% had good outcome, 3% patients had borderline outcome. 5% poor visual outcome was seen in patients with Bullous keratopathy, endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage and longstanding macular edema. Conclusion: Our hospital based study reports 5% patients with poor visual outcome 3 months after uneventful cataract surgery. Keywords: Astigmatism, Complications, Small incision cataract surgery, Uneventful, Visual outcome.
Improving patient selection and outcome of stereotactic radiosurgery as a single treatment modality for brain metastases

Brain metastases have an impact on the quality of life and prognosis of cancer patients. Targeted radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can destroy such metastases without the need for open surgery. Several metastases can be treated simultaneously within half an hour. The research described in this dissertation focusses on three subjects. Firstly, it focusses on providing tailor-made information based on models for calculating treatment outcomes for individual patients. Secondly, a national study is described in which treatment outcomes of SRS for patients with more than three metastases are compared to treatment outcomes of skull radiation. Finally, it focusses on a safer and more effective method of dosing SRS than the method currently used.
Sir Paul Terence Callaghan FRS PCNZM. 19 August 1947 — 24 March 2012

Paul Callaghan will be remembered internationally for many seminal contributions to the foundations of magnetic resonance imaging as applied to the rheological analysis of a series of real world materials – paints, gels, polymer solutions – and at home in New Zealand as the leading physical scientist of his day, who became a familiar science communicator through popular books, a radio programme and the promotion of high technology as a part of the New Zealand economy. Apart from his time as a research student in Oxford (1970–75) and short stays abroad, Paul undertook all his research in New Zealand, and was a passionate and effective advocate for New Zealand science. His direct and continuing legacy for condensed matter science in New Zealand was his leadership in the foundation in 2002 of the multi-university MacDiarmid Institute devoted to research in advanced materials and nanotechnology, which he led through its first five years and into its second phase. In later life he was the founder of Magritek, a company manufacturing the specialist magnets needed for resonance imaging and spectroscopy.