Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An efficient algorithm for three-component key index construction

In this paper, proximity full-text searches in large text arrays are considered. A search query consists of several words. The search result is a list of documents containing these words. In a modern search system, documents that contain search query words that are near each other are more relevant than documents that do not share this trait. To solve this task, for each word in each indexed document, we need to store a record in the index. In this case, the query search time is proportional to the number of occurrences of the queried words in the indexed documents. Consequently, it is common for search systems to evaluate queries that contain frequently occurring words much more slowly than queries that contain less frequently occurring, ordinary words. For each word in the text, we use additional indexes to store information about nearby words at distances from the given word of less than or equal to MaxDistance, which is a parameter. This parameter can take a value of 5, 7, or even more. Three-component key indexes can be created for faster query execution. Previously, we presented the results of experiments showing that when queries contain very frequently occurring words, the average time of the query execution with three-component key indexes is 94.7 times less than that required when using ordinary inverted indexes. In the current work, we describe a new three-component key index building algorithm and demonstrate the correctness of the algorithm. We present the results of experiments creating such an index that is dependent on the value of MaxDistance.
Nonlinear principal component analysis-based on principal curves and neural networks

Many applications of principal component analysis (PCA) can be found in the literature. But principal component analysis is a linear method, and most engineering problems are nonlinear. Sometimes using the linear PCA method in nonlinear problems can bring distorted and misleading results. So there is a need for a nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) method. The principal curve algorithm was a breakthrough of solving the NLPCA problem, but the algorithm does not yield an NLPCA model which can be used for predictions. In this paper the authors present an NLPCA method which integrates the principal curve algorithm and neural networks. The results on both simulated and real problems show that the method is excellent for solving nonlinear principal component problems. Potential applications of NLPCA are also discussed in this paper.
Matching Algorithms within a Duplicate Detection System.

Detecting database records that are approximate duplicates, but not exact duplicates, is an important task. Databases may contain duplicate records concerning the same real-world entity because of data entry errors, unstandardized abbreviations, or differences in the detailed schemas of records from multiple databases – such as what happens in data warehousing where records from multiple data sources are integrated into a single source of information – among other reasons. In this paper we review a system to detect approximate duplicate records in a database and provide properties that a pair-wise record matching algorithm must have in order to have a successful duplicate detection system.
Visualizing Code Bad Smells

Software visualization is an effective way to support human comprehension to large software systems. In software maintenance, most of the time is spent on understanding code in order to change it. This paper presents a visualization approach to help maintainers to locate and understand code bad smells. Software maintainers need to locate and understand these bad smells in order to remove them via code refactoring. Object oriented code elements are visualized as well as their bad smells if they exist. The proposed visualization shows classes as building and bad smell as letter avatars based on the initials of the names of bad smells. These avatars are shown as warning signs on the buildings. A framework is proposed to automatically analyze code to identify bad smells and to generate the proposed visualizations. The evaluation of the proposed visualizations showed they reduce the comprehension time needed to understand bad smells.
L'efficacité de la réglementation prudentielle des banques à la lumière des approches théoriques

La reglementation prudentielle n'est qu'une des composantes du controle bancaire ; son role est neanmoins crucial. Si son objectif de securite et de stabilite du secteur bancaire est generalement admis, le choix de ses instruments est plus controverse. Une analyse comparee de la litterature nous apparait un outil methodologique indispensable. Selon nous, les specificites de la banque fondent sa reglementation. C'est donc sur leur capacite a integrer les specificites bancaires que doit se juger la pertinence des differentes approches theoriques. Les cadres d'analyse traditionnels (theorie de la preference sur les etats et theorie du choix de portefeuille) se revelent mal adaptes a la formalisation des specificites bancaires en raison de leurs hypotheses respectives de completude et de perfection des marches financiers. Dans les modeles recents de « reglementation optimale », la formalisation de la reglementation prudentielle des banques evolue desormais vers l'integration, encore partielle cependant, des asymetries d'information indispensables a la comprehension de la specificite bancaire.
Automatic generation of Network-on-Chip topology under link length and latency constraint

With wire delay becoming dominant compared to transistor delay in deep-submicron era, the performance of SoC is more affected by interconnect. Although many NoC (Network-on-Chip) architectures which improve interconnect performance are proposed, automatically finding the most efficient one for a given application and mapping the function blocks onto it, is still an open issue. This paper proposes a method for generating a custom NoC which meets communication link-length and latency requirements. Additional constraint for floor-planning and interconnect architecture generation, to existing integer-linear-programming-based approach [5], enables link-length and latency requirement to be met in the generated NoC architecture.
The Domains of the Quality of Life

Les domaines de la qualité de la vie (QOL). Les valeurs culturelles définissent "la bonne vie" mesurée dans le domaine subjectif et dans le domaine objectif. Ces domaines sont identifiés de manières diverses par: (a) la définition académique et "élitiste" des valeurs universelles; (b) les enquêtes par questionnaire de répondants de cultures différentes qui décrivent leur QOL (Quality of Life); (c) les dimensions psychologiques du bien-être; (d) les dimensions du bien-être social; et, (e) la satisfaction avec des secteurs de la vie quotidienne par rapport aux institutions sociales. Ces nomenclatures diverses sont combinées pour former un ensemble de dix domaines qui identifient les secteur majeurs de "la bonne vie". Des hypothèses sont proposées pour l'amélioration de plusieurs domaines QOL spécifiques.
Stochastic Submodular Maximization with Performance-Dependent Item Costs

We formulate a new stochastic submodular maximization problem by introducing the performance-dependent costs of items. In this problem, we consider selecting items for the case where the performance of each item (i.e., how much an item contributes to the objective function) is decided randomly, and the cost of an item depends on its performance. The goal of the problem is to maximize the objective function subject to a budget constraint on the costs of the selected items. We present an adaptive algorithm for this problem with a theoretical guaran-√ tee that its expected objective value is at least (1−1/ 4 e)/2 times the maximum value attained by any adaptive algorithms. We verify the performance of the algorithm through numerical experiments.
A Blockchain-based Value Added Tax (VAT) System: Saudi Arabia as a Use-Case

Businesses need trust to confidently perform trade among each other. Centralized business models are the only mature solutions available to perform trades over the Internet. However, they have many problems which includes but are not limited to the fact that these create bottleneck on the server as well as requires trusted third parties. Recently, decentralized solutions have gained significant popularity and acceptance for future businesses. The wide acceptance of such systems is indeed due to the trust management among various untrusted business stakeholders. Many solutions have been proposed in this regard to provide de-centralized infrastructure for various business models. A standard solution that is acceptable to the industry is still in demand. Hyperledger umbrella Blockchain projects, that are supported by IBM and many other industry big players are gaining popularity due to its efficient and pluggable design. In this study, the author present the idea of utilizing Blockchain to design a Value-Added Tax (VAT) system for Saudi Arabia’s newly introduced tax system. The reason to select this business model for VAT is twofold. First, it provides an untampered distributed ledger, which cannot be deceived by any party. Each transaction in the system cannot go unnoticed by the smart contract. Sec-ondly, it provides a transparent record, and updates all involved parties regarding each activity performed by stakeholders. The newly proposed system will provide a transparent database of VAT transactions according to our smart contract design and at each stage of supply chain, tax will be deducted and stored on peer-to-peer network via consensus process. The author believes that the proposed solution will have significant impact on VAT collection in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
An automatic quiz generation system utilizing digital textbook logs

ABSTRACT This paper describes an automatic quiz generation system designed to support language learning that utilizes digital textbook logs. Learners often memorize words in digital textbooks while preparing for an examination, and they often use the highlight function for the words. Previous studies regarding annotations and highlights have shown that learning only by using the highlight function on important content in textbooks did not affect learning achievements. Therefore, in this study, we developed a system that can support the repeated learning by analyzing digital textbook logs and providing appropriate quizzes. An evaluation experiment involving 31 international students was conducted to assess whether the quizzes provided by our proposed system are able to enhance the learning achievements as compared to teacher-created quizzes. The results show that the quizzes by our proposed system and the teacher-created quizzes were both equally effective. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify the correlation among the learning achievements, the number of quizzes, and each variable in questionnaires. We found that there is a positive correlation between the number of quizzes and the students’ learning achievements.
The Effect of German Chamomile Mouthwash on Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation

Dental plaque is a well known etiologic factor for gingivitis. Recently, herbal extracts are a matter of scientific interest to inhibit plaque accumulation on teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of German Chamomile (GC) mouth wash on plaque and gingival indices. Twenty five gingivitis patients (15 female and 10 male, mean age 27±7.76 years) participated in this controlled, double blind cross-over study. The subjects used either GC or a control rinse for 2 min twice a day during a 4 weeks period. The other mouth rinse was used after a wash-out period of 4 weeks in the same way. The plaque and gingival indices were recorded at baseline and after each experimental or wash-out period. Furthermore, stain indices for intensity and extend were recorded to evaluate the tooth staining effects of the mouthrinses. The mean reduction in plaque and gingival scores were determined by using the test or control mouthwash and statistically analyzed by paired sample t- test. The stain intensity and extend in each period of the study were also analyzed by the two-way ANOVA. The GC mouthwash lowered both plaque and gingival scores significantly in comparison to the control rinse (p≤0.001), whilst there was no significant difference in stain intensity or extend between the baseline and after each period of the study. There was also no report of any adverse reactions during the use of mouth rinses in this the study. Using GC mouthwash appears to offer benefit in plaque and gingival reduction without any significant adverse effects on tooth staining.
Quantifying public health risk in the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: a burden of disease approach

In de komende 3e editie van de WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality wordt een preventief raamwerk voor het beheersen van de kwaliteit van drinkwater voorgesteld dat gelijk is voor alle soorten verontreinigingen - microbiologisch, chemisch en radiologisch. Risico's die zijn verbonden aan water worden meestal uitgedrukt in specifieke gezondheidseffecten (zoals kanker, diarree etc.). Omdat verschillende contaminanten gezondheidsklachten veroorzaken die sterk verschillen in aard en ernst van b.v. milde diarree tot verlamming door fluorose en kindersterfte, is een gemeenschappelijke eenheid noodzakelijk om de effecten op de volksgezondheid van verschillende agentia en interventies te kunnen vergelijken. Dit rapport beoogt materiaal aan te dragen voor een discussie over de grondslagen en methoden van Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) als een gemeenschappelijke volksgezondheidsmaat en de bruikbaarheid ervan op het gebied van drinkwaterkwaliteit. De methode wordt geillustreerd aan de hand van enkele contaminanten in drinkwater waarvan de ziektelast eerder bestudeerd was, en voorlopige gegevens worden gepresenteerd voor enkele andere belangrijke contaminanten.
Identifying Human Behavious Using Deep Trajectory Descriptors

Identifying human actions in complex scenes is widely considered as a challenging research problem due to the unpredictable behaviors and variation of appearances and postures. For extracting variations in motion and postures, trajectories provide meaningful way. However, simple trajectories are normally represented by vector of spatial coordinates. In order to identify human actions, we must exploit structural relationship between different trajectories. In this paper, we propose a method that divides the video into N number of segments and then for each segment we extract trajectories. We then compute trajectory descriptor for each segment which capture the structural relationship among different trajectories in the video segment. For trajectory descriptor, we project all extracted trajectories on the canvas. This will result in texture image which can store the relative motion and structural relationship among the trajectories. We then train Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to capture and learn the representation from dense trajectories. Experimental results shows that our proposed method out performs state of the art methods by 90.01% on benchmark data set.
An Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Decentralized Wireless Sensor Networks for Mission and Safety-Critical Systems

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a useful integral part of mission and safety-critical systems, whose failure may result in injury, loss of life, serious environmental damage and/or may result in the failure of some goal-directed activities. Its major challenges are reliability, and security related issues during data delivery. To mitigate these, the development of secure routing protocols, which are capable of optimum utilization of WSNs’ nodes resources for effective data delivery, has been one of the major research interests. However, most of the existing single path routing protocols for WSNs are not able to meet with up with the performance requirements of the mission and safety-critical systems. Meanwhile, a few that are multipath require high computational power, energy and their multiple paths are not ranked, this makes them unsuitable as routing protocol for WSNs in mission and safety-critical systems. In this work, we propose a secure multipath routing protocol based on sectorisation and best neighbouring nodes selection models to meet up with the performance requirements of WSNs in the mission and safety-critical systems. The protocol is capable of providing optimal multiple ranked route paths for reliable data delivery. A route management technique, using direct approach, is developed for selecting different optimal data paths for reliable data routing. Also, simple but efficient lightweight privacy preserving authentication scheme is proposed for the protocol to ensure security and privacy during data routing. Computational and security analysis were performed to ascertain its efficiency in terms of computational cost, energy consumption and security. The results showed that SMRP achieved better performance compared to the two stateof- the-art solutions in terms of end-to-end delay, energy consumption and data routing reliability. The proposed protocol is suitable for wireless sensor network due to its low delay, low energy consumption and routing reliability metrics.
L’iPad nella scuola primaria: il ruolo dell’atteggiamento degli insegnanti nell’uso del tablet in classe

School attention towards the rapid spread of new technologies as a means to improve the learning experience of pupils have steadily grown over time. Many researchers suggest that tablets are an especially versatile technology in education.They introduce students to a mobile form of learning and allow them gather andmanage real-time data from the large amount of information they face today. The iPad is one of the most used tablet in schools, currently covering over 75% of the global education market. However, despite the obvious potential of iPad for learning, investigation addressed to confirm the actual benefits of using it, especially in primary school, are still limited. From this point of view, special attention should be paid to the role of teachers’ attitudes, ie whether they are actually inclined to integrate this device into their daily teaching practices, and the reasons why they would decide whether or not to do so. Our research is directed to deepen what are the attitudes of primary school teachers face to the introduction of the iPad in their teaching activities, and what are the positive and negative aspects they came upon using the tablet in classroom.
Analgesia in sheep obstetrics - options for lambing time 2007

flocks in the UK are quoted as 5 to 7% with an estimated 70% related to dystocia (Fig. 1). Data collected from 31 NADIS veterinary practices servicing clients with a total of 575,000 breeding sheep showed consistent numbers of ovine obstetrical problems attended annually over the 11 year study period (1996-2006). These data corresponded to veterinary attention once per 2,300 sheep, including one caesarean operation per 5,700 ewes (Table 1). Published data indicate vaginal prolapse (Fig. 2), and dystocia requiring expert assistance, generally occur at a rate greater than 1% (veterinary attention needed for every 50 breeding sheep). Why the difference?
NONCOMPLIANCE WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE MEDICATIONS AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

Noncompliance with immunosuppressive medications in renal transplant recipients results in a higher rate of acute-rejection episodes, allograft dysfunction, graft loss and patient death. We studied the incidence and risk factors of medications noncompliance in 286 renal transplant recipients who were consecutively seen at our renal transplant clinic between February and April 2002. One hundred and seventy were male, 116 female. Their age ranged from 12 to 70 years (mean 39.1±11.6). The length of time since the date of transplantation ranged from 5 to 231 months (mean 76.7±53.5). The results of the study showed 70 patients (24.5%) to be noncompliant (7.7% noncompliant minor and 16.8% noncompliant major). The time since the date of transplantation was a significant risk factor in both the noncompliant minor and major groups (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The other risk factors associated with major noncompliance was young age (P<0.001), lower level of education (P<0.01), lower socioeconomic class (P<0.05), and addiction and psychiatric disorders (P<0.05). Transplant recipients with major noncompliance also had more acute-rejection episodes (P < 0.001) and allograft dysfunction (P <0.01). We conclude that noncompliance with immunosuppressive medications is very common in renal transplant recipients, resulting in significant acute-rejection episodes and allograft failure.
Theoretische uitgangspunten bij de professionalisering van leraren basisonderwijs op het gebied van wetenschap en techniek

Uit internationaal onderzoek blijkt dat leraren in het basisonderwijs overwegend weinig kennis van en affiniteit met natuurwetenschap en techniek hebben. Velen voelen zich onvoldoende bekwaam om onderwijs op deze gebieden te verzorgen; ze vinden het moeilijk om met vragen van leerlingen om te gaan en vallen terug op standaard tekstboeken of sterk gestructureerde materialen/oefeningen. Dit dragen zij - onbewust - over op hun leerlingen: ook hun attitude ten aanzien van natuurwetenschap en techniek is laag, net zoals de leerrendementen op dit gebied. Dat maakt de kennis en vooral de attitude van leraren een belangrijke sleutel tot verandering van de status en populariteit van wetenschap en techniek onder kinderen - de technici en betawetenschappers van de toekomst. Nascholing speelt dan ook een cruciale rol: onderzoek laat zien dat wanneer leraren meer kennis, vaardigheden, zelfvertrouwen en een positievere attitude hebben ontwikkeld, zij daadwerkelijk beter les geven in wetenschap en techniek. Zo kunnen zij op een enthousiaste manier de kennis, vaardigheden en attitude onder hun leerlingen op dit gebied verbeteren. De vraag die vooraf gaat aan een dergelijke nascholing is wat de leraren in kwestie moeten leren van en over wetenschap en techniek. Hiervoor heeft de Programmaraad van VTB-Pro in 2007 een theoretisch kader opgesteld. In dit hoofdstuk worden hiervan de drie - onlosmakelijk met elkaar verbonden - pijlers behandeld waarop het scholingsprogramma VTB-Pro rust: 1. Kennis van natuurwetenschappelijke en technische concepten en vaardigheid in wetenschappelijk en technisch redeneren 2. Attitude ten opzichte van natuurwetenschap en techniek 3. Pedagogisch-didactische vaardigheden, met name op het gebied van onderzoekend en ontwerpend leren. Onder de eerste pijler wordt verstaan: kennis van aan natuurwetenschap en techniek gerelateerde concepten en (natuur)wetenschappelijke en technische procesvaardigheden, ofwel: knowledge of science (and technology) en knowledge about science (and technology). De vakinhoudelijke kennis omvat de kennisconcepten: natuurkundige systemen, levende systemen, aarde en ruimte systemen, techniek systemen en mathematische systemen. Het is belangrijk dat leraren dwarsverbanden tussen verschillende kennisconcepten kunnen zien en deze - richting de leerlingen - kunnen koppelen aan herkenbare, concrete praktijkvoorbeelden. Onder de tweede pijler wordt verstaan: kennis en inzicht in de eigen gedachten, waarden, gevoelens en gedragingen ten aanzien van wetenschap en techniek en hierin actief verbetering aanbrengen. De derde pijler behelst de vertaalslag richting de klas: wetenschaps- en techniekeducatie. Hoe breng je kinderen op een onderzoekende en ontwerpende wijze (natuur)wetenschappelijke en technische procesvaardigheden, concepten en attitudes bij.