Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Chrysin-De-Allyl PAC-1 Hybrid Analogues as Anticancer Compounds: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation

New chrysin-De-allyl-Pac-1 hybrid analogues, tethered with variable heterocyclic systems (4a–4o), were rationally designed and synthesized. The target compounds were screened for in vitro antiproliferative efficacy in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231, and normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Two compounds, 4g and 4i, had the highest efficacy and selectivity towards MDA-MB-231 cells, and thus, were further evaluated by mechanistic experiments. The results indicated that both compounds 4g and 4i induced apoptosis by (1) inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase in MDA-MB-231 cells, and (2) activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. Physicochemical characterizations of these compounds suggested that they can be further optimized as potential anticancer compounds for TNBC cells. Overall, our results suggest that 4g and 4i could be suitable leads for developing novel compounds to treat TNBC.
ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES OF BEING BORN SMALL- OR LARGE-FOR- GESTATIONAL AGE: A REVIEW

In this review article, the genetics of size at birth, prenatal metabolic programming and the endocrine and metabolic consequences of abnormal size at birth are discussed. In addition, the relevance of fetal origin of adult disease in developing countries and the public health implication as well as future perspectives are also discussed. Being born either small- or large-for-gestational age affects such children and adults in several ways. These include increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, persistent reduction in growth, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and premature pubarche as well as adrenarche. Individuals with abnormal size at birth who experienced rapid growth in the first three years of life have the greatest risk for future metabolic abnormalities. The mechanisms involved in prenatal (fetal) metabolic programming in infants with abnormal size at birth are just beginning to be explored. Both the “thrifty genes” and the “thrifty phenotype” could result in adverse health consequences later in life on exposure to plentiful nutrition. The most important epigenetic reactions affecting genetic transcription are acetylation and methylation. However, the major challenge at this point in time is to link such alterations with modifications in gene expression and ultimately, with metabolic abnormalities encountered in adult life. Thus, developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) represent a relatively new frontier of research and with time, some of the discrepancies may be resolved.
Young's Modulus and Tensile Strength of Ti3C2 MXene Nanosheets as Revealed by in situ TEM Probing, AFM Nanomechanical Mapping and Theoretical Calculations.

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides, i.e. MXenes, and especially Ti3C2, attract attention due to their excellent combination of properties. Ti3C2 nanosheets could be the material of choice for future flexible electronics, energy storage and electromechanical nanodevices. There has been limited information available on the mechanical properties of Ti3C2, which is essential for their utilization. We have fabricated Ti3C2 nanosheets and studied their mechanical properties using direct in situ tensile tests inside a transmission electron microscope, quantitative nanomechanical mapping and theoretical calculations employing machine-learning derived potentials. Young's modulus in the direction perpendicular to the Ti3C2 basal plane was found to be 80-100 GPa. The tensile strength of Ti3C2 nanosheets reached up to 670 MPa for ~40 nm thin nanoflakes, while a strong dependence of tensile strength on nanosheet thickness was demonstrated. Theoretical calculations allowed us to study mechanical characteristics of Ti3C2 as a function of nanosheet geometrical parameters and structural defects concentration.
Open Set Audio Classification Using Autoencoders Trained on Few Data

Open-set recognition (OSR) is a challenging machine learning problem that appears when classifiers are faced with test instances from classes not seen during training. It can be summarized as the problem of correctly identifying instances from a known class (seen during training) while rejecting any unknown or unwanted samples (those belonging to unseen classes). Another problem arising in practical scenarios is few-shot learning (FSL), which appears when there is no availability of a large number of positive samples for training a recognition system. Taking these two limitations into account, a new dataset for OSR and FSL for audio data was recently released to promote research on solutions aimed at addressing both limitations. This paper proposes an audio OSR/FSL system divided into three steps: a high-level audio representation, feature embedding using two different autoencoder architectures and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) trained on latent space representations to detect known classes and reject unwanted ones. An extensive set of experiments is carried out considering multiple combinations of openness factors (OSR condition) and number of shots (FSL condition), showing the validity of the proposed approach and confirming superior performance with respect to a baseline system based on transfer learning.
Geographical Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Zanjan Province: Analysis of Groups from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision

Results: The ischemic heart disease subgroup accounted for the majority of CVD cases (43.8%), while acute rheumatic fever (0.03%) was the least common contributor to CVD. Men had a higher rate of CVD (53.1%) than women (46.9%). The mean age of all CVD subgroups was 56.88 years, and the mean length of stay of all CVD subgroups was 114.2 hours. Zanjan city (57.4%) had the greatest incidence rate of CVDs in Zanjan province, Iran.
Spatial-Tunable Au Nanoparticle Functionalized Si Nanorods Arrays for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

In this study, hexagonal-packed Si nanorods (SiNRs) arrays were fabricated and conjugated with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) in different spatial distributions for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The AuNPs were functionalized on the bottom of SiNRs (B-SiNRs@AuNPs), top of SiNRs (T-SiNRs@AuNPs) and sides of SiNRs (S-SiNRs@AuNPs), respectively. Our results demonstrated that the SiNRs conjugated with AuNPs on the sides achieved high reproducibility in detection of R6G molecules, while the AuNPs on the top of the SiNRs obtained the strongest Raman enhancement. In addition, the substrate with S-SiNRs@AuNPs obtained the highest spatial uniformity of enhancement. The finite-difference time-domain simulation gave further evidence that the incident light could be confined in the space of SiNRs arrays and yield a zero-gap enhancement coupled with the AuNPs. Our study provided a spatially tunable SiNRs@AuNPs substrate with high sensitivity and reproducibility in molecular detection.
Meaning and Dyslexia: A study on pronouns, aspect, and quantification

In this dissertation, I attempt at defining some properties of the cognitive deficit underlying dyslexia by looking at the ability of dyslexic subjects to comprehend language. Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability, defined as a failure to learn to read properly despite normal intelligence, normal hearing, adequate classroom exposure, and absence of physical, emotional and socioeconomic problems. There is wide consensus that dyslexia is caused by difficulties related to the processing of phonological representations. There is also experimental evidence that dyslexic subjects experience difficulties in the comprehension of certain aspects of language, among which tough-sentences (such as ‘the bird is tasty to bite’), object extracted relative clauses, pronouns in Condition B configurations cross-sentential anaphora, and scalar implicatures. In this dissertation, I provide further experimental evidence that dyslexic subjects experience comprehension difficulties. In particular, dyslexic subjects are shown to differ significantly from their unimpaired peers in the comprehension of sentences containing a pronoun ambiguous between a bound and a coreferential reading, imperfective aspect, and universally quantified noun phrases in quantifier spreading contexts. To account for the data, I propose that dyslexia is associated with a verbal working memory deficit, where the term ‘verbal working memory refers to the component of the Working Memory system that is responsible for the temporary storage of verbal information, when required in order to perform further linguistic computations. The proposal accounts bith for the reading difficulties and the language comprehension difficulties. It also accounts for the fact that the language related difficulties experienced by dyslexic subjects are mostly found in those domains of language that are also problematic for preschool children. The results achieved provide support for a type of linguistic theorizing that stresses the interdependence between linguistic computations and processing resources. In particular, I promote a type of research whose goal is to adequately describe linguistic computations as implemented in a resource-limited system. This line of research has significant implications for deciding between competing linguistic theories, individuating the cognitive engines that support linguistic computations, and defining the cognitive profile of subjects with a language impairment
Black-tailed prairie dog food habits and forage relationships in western South Dakota [Cynomys ludovicianus].

Four plants made up 65% of items in fecal pellets of the blacktailed prairie dog in western South Dakota. These important forages in order of significance were sand dropseed, sun sedge, blue grama and wheatgrasses. Grasses made up 87% of the total diet, while forbs comprised 12%. Shrubs, arthropods, and seeds made up 1% or less of the diet. Preference indices were highest for ring muhly, green needlegrass, and sand dropseed. Relationships of diets to available forage was weak, having an average similarity of 25%; rank-order correlations were nonsignificant, indicating that black-tailed prairie dogs are selective feeders. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are common herbivores on western rangelands. Much attention, since the 1800's, has focused on forage competition between livestock and prairie dogs. Widespread control programs for prairie dogs were begun in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s on the Great Plains, when it was estimated that 256 prairie dogs would eat as much forage as 1 cow (Merriam 1902). The concern over livestock and prairie dog grazing competition still exists; large-scale control programs for prairie dogs are being conducted even with costs as high as $6/acre on land which generates grazing fees of $2.95/acre (Collins et al. 1984). Dietary information is essential t o assess the role of the prairie dog in prairie ecosystems. Since Kelso ( 1939) first presented general data on black-tailed prairie dog diets, research has been conducted in Colorado (Tileston and Lechleitner 1966, Bonham and Lerwick 1976, Hansen and Gold 1977); Montana (Fagerstone et al. 1977); and South Dakota (Summers and Linder 1978, Fagerstone et al. 198 1). Dietary information is presented in these studies; however, data on diet-forage relationships and preference indices are generally lacking. Most of these studies were conducted in National Parks or in areas with limited grazing by cattle. Dietary information by species will vary from region to region even though major categories consumed by prairie dogs (grasses, forbs, shrubs) are similar. Intensive management of our rangelands must be based on plant species consumed by herbivores in the area of interest. The purpose of this study was to estimate the diets of blacktailed prairie dogs as related to the availability of range vegetation on pastures grazed by cattle, and to determine preference indices for commonly consumed plants in western South Dakota.
Reflections of Hospice Staff Members About Educating Hospice Family Caregivers Through Telenovela

Objective: Hospice family caregivers are seeking additional information related to patient care, pain and symptom management, and self-care. This study interviewed hospice staff about the potential dissemination of bilingual telenovelas to address these caregiver needs. Methods: Qualitative structured phone interviews were conducted with 22 hospice professionals from 17 different hospice organizations in 3 different Midwest states. The interviews were conducted from October to December 2019. Hospice staff volunteers were recruited from conferences, then individual interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematic analysis was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of how to best implement telenovela video education into hospice care. Results: Most participants were hospice nurses (36%) located primarily in Missouri (91%), with a mean of 9 years of experience. Three discrete themes emerged, the educational resources currently provided to patient/families, perceptions of the usefulness of telenovelas for education, and practical suggestions regarding the dissemination of telenovelas. The development of 4 telenovela videos covering different topics is described. Conclusion: Hospice staff responded favorably to the concept of telenovelas and identified important keys for dissemination.
Do Faster, Stronger, and More Powerful Athletes Perform Better in Resisted Sprints?

Abstract Lizana, JA, Bachero-Mena, B, Calvo-Lluch, A, Sánchez-Moreno, M, Pereira, LA, Loturco, I, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Do faster, stronger, and more powerful athletes perform better in resisted sprints? J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1826–1832, 2022—This study aimed to analyze the relationships between different strength, power, and speed abilities and resisted sprint performance across a wide range of sled loads (10, 30, and 50% body mass [BM]). Seventy-nine young physically active male sport science students (age: 22.8 ± 3.4 years, BM: 74.2 ± 9.1 kg, and height: 175.4 ± 8.5 cm) performed 2 testing sessions. Session 1 consisted of a 20 m sprint without any additional load and with 10, 30, and 50% BM. Session 2 consisted of countermovement jump and full squat (SQ) tests. The CMJ was performed without any additional load and with loads of 30 and 50% BM, and the SQ was performed with loads corresponding to 30, 50, 70, and 90% BM. Resisted sprint times were moderate to large correlated with unloaded sprint times (r = 0.79 to 0.89), unloaded and loaded jump height (r = −0.62 to −0.71), and SQ performance (r = −0.56 to −0.71). Negative relationships were observed between velocity loss induced by each sled load and jump and SQ performance. The magnitude of these relationships increased with increasing sled loads. In conclusion, differences in speed, strength, and power abilities may explain, at least partially, the individual response of each athlete during sprinting towing a sled, especially with heavier sled loads. Thus, faster, stronger, and more powerful athletes require heavier sled loads (relative to %BM) to experience similar exercise intensities.
Regulation of polygalacturonase-inhibitory proteins in plants is highly dependent on stress and light responsive elements.

PG inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are extracellular plant proteins capable of inhibiting fungal endoPGs. The identification of cis-regulatory elements is one of the major challenges in bioinformatics and integrates comparative, structural, and functional genomics. We have detected cis-acting upstream regulatory elements of PGIP-encoding genes, based on sequence analysis in seven different plant species at PLACE and PlantCARE. The upstream sequences of PGIPs contain different regulatory elements such as TATA box, CAAT box, ABRE box, ERE box, wound responsive elements, drought response elements etc., which help in induction of gene expression during plant growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress. On the basis of the analysis of the regulatory elements we confirm the assigned function of PGIPs in plants like Lycopersicon esculentum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa cv.japonica, Vitis venifera, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Medicago sativa. We have also identified the presence of the most important elements, at a high frequency, responsive to light apart from wounding, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, fungal elicitors, ethylene in the upstream sequences across genera providing a link to the light and stress mediated signaling in plant defense responses.
Linking chlorophyll a fluorescence to photosynthesis for remote sensing applications: mechanisms and challenges

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization, functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now measurable from remote sensing platforms. This provides a new optical means to track photosynthesis and gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Importantly, the spatiotemporal and methodological context of the new applications is dramatically different compared with most of the available ChlF literature, which raises a number of important considerations. Although we have a good mechanistic understanding of the processes that control the ChlF signal over the short term, the seasonal link between ChlF and photosynthesis remains obscure. Additionally, while the current understanding of in vivo ChlF is based on pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) measurements, remote sensing applications are based on
Reconstructing development of the earliest seed integuments raises a new hypothesis for the evolution of ancestral seed-bearing structures.

How plant seeds originated remains unresolved, in part due to disconnects between fossil intermediates and developmental genetics in extant species. The Carboniferous fossil Genomosperma is considered among the most primitive known seeds, with highly lobed integument and exposed nucellus. We have used this key fossil taxon to investigate the evolutionary origins of seed development. We examined sectioned Genomosperma specimens using modern digital 3D reconstruction techniques and established population-level measurements of Genomosperma ovules for quantitative analysis. Genomosperma ovules show significant variation in integumentary lobe fusion and curvature. Our analysis suggests that this variation represents a single species with significant variations in lobe number and fusion, reminiscent of floral development in extant species. We conclude that changes in lobe flexure occurred late in development, consistent with a previously hypothesised function in pollen guidance/retention. We also identify seeds of Genomosperma within cupules for the first time. The presence of a cupule adds evidence towards the plesiomorphy of cupules within seed plants. Together with the similarities identified between the Genomosperma lobed integument and floral organs, we propose that the cupule, integument and nucellus together developed in a shoot-like fashion, potentially ancestral to extant seed plant reproductive shoots.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FATTY ACID PROFILES IN INTRAMUSCULAR LIPIDS FROM DIFFERENT DOMESTIC AND WILD MONOGASTRIC ANIMAL SPECIES

Summary. Three monogastric domestic and wild animal species: farmed Lithuanian indigenous wattle pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), wild boars (Sus scrofa) and beavers (Castor fiber) were tested, characterized and, compared by fatty acid composition in intramuscular lipids. Fatty Lithuanian indigenous wattle pigs had lower lipid unsaturation compared to observed wild species. Though the highest number of polyunsaturated fatty acids was identified in the intramuscular fat of wild boars, the muscle lipids of the beavers were characterized by the highest proportions of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 42.12% of total fatty acids) compared to 18.21% in wild boars and 7.36% in Lithuanian indigenous wattle pigs. Pigs and wild boars were found to be comparable in the relationships of the major fatty acids. Wild animals had more favourable polyunsaturated/saturated (PUFA/SFA), n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios and also atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) indexes. PUFA/SFA ratio in the intramuscular lipids from wild boars and beavers were higher and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the beaver was lower than the reference PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios pattern, respectively. Having predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids and favourable PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios, wild game meat, particularly beaver meat could be the n-3 PUFA-rich food in human diets.
Characterizing soundscapes across diverse ecosystems using a universal acoustic feature set

Significance Human pressures are causing natural ecosystems to change at an unprecedented rate. Understanding these changes is important (e.g., to inform policy decisions), but we are hampered by the slow, labor-intensive nature of traditional ecological surveys. In this study, we show that automated analysis of the sounds of an ecosystem—its soundscape—enables rapid and scalable ecological monitoring. We used a neural network to calculate fingerprints of soundscapes from a variety of ecosystems. From these acoustic fingerprints we could accurately predict habitat quality and biodiversity across multiple scales and automatically identify anomalous sounds such as gunshots and chainsaws. Crucially, our approach generalized well across ecosystems, offering promise as a backbone technology for global monitoring efforts. Natural habitats are being impacted by human pressures at an alarming rate. Monitoring these ecosystem-level changes often requires labor-intensive surveys that are unable to detect rapid or unanticipated environmental changes. Here we have developed a generalizable, data-driven solution to this challenge using eco-acoustic data. We exploited a convolutional neural network to embed soundscapes from a variety of ecosystems into a common acoustic space. In both supervised and unsupervised modes, this allowed us to accurately quantify variation in habitat quality across space and in biodiversity through time. On the scale of seconds, we learned a typical soundscape model that allowed automatic identification of anomalous sounds in playback experiments, providing a potential route for real-time automated detection of irregular environmental behavior including illegal logging and hunting. Our highly generalizable approach, and the common set of features, will enable scientists to unlock previously hidden insights from acoustic data and offers promise as a backbone technology for global collaborative autonomous ecosystem monitoring efforts.
Diversity and Community Structure of Terrestrial Invertebrates in an Irrigated Rice Ecosystem

Diversity and community structure of terrestrial invertebrates in rice ecosystems were studied in rice fields under irrigated condition from January to April 2011. The research revealed that terrestrial invertebrate fauna comprised 84 species of insects in 72 families and 10 orders. Arachnids are the most abundant with 18 species in 10 families, amounting to a total of 102 terrestrial invertebrate species from irrigated rice ecosystem in Khon Kaen. The majority of insects belonged to Order Hymenoptera (29 species) followed by Homoptera (15 species), Coleoptera (11 species) and Diptera� (9 species). The community structure of terrestrial invertebrates consisted of natural enemies (70 species) followed by insect pest (26 species), insect visitor (5 species) and scavenger (2 species).