Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IEA Wind Task 30 Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continued

The IEA Wind Task 30 OC4 (Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation) project was a continuation of the OC3 project of IEA Wind Task 23 Subtask 2, and was initiated due to the strong interest in continuing the work of OC3. The purpose of the project was to perform a benchmarking exercise of offshore wind turbine dynamics codes. OC4 consisted of two phases that were not considered in OC3: (1) analysis of a wind turbine on an offshore fixed-bottom jacket and (2) analysis of a wind turbine on an offshore floating semi-submersible. Additionally, an experts meeting on the topic of test methods, data availability, and code validation was held as a stand-alone meeting. OC4 was led cooperatively by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy Systems Technology IWES. NREL was responsible for project management, coordination with the ExCo, project finances, and organization of the topical experts meeting. Fraunhofer IWES was responsible for the technical coordination and reporting of Phase I, while NREL was responsible for the technical coordination and reporting of Phase II. IEA Wind Task 30 lasted for three years. Each phase lasted about two years, with one year of overlap in the middle, beginning with Phase I in the first year. The topical experts meeting was held in the second year. A report summarizing the results was published at the conclusion of each phase, as well as on the results of the topical experts meeting. This report, as well as a technical summary report, are the final reports for the project. While the verification of offshore wind tools through the OC3 and OC4 projects was successful, the participants feel that validating the tools against actual physical data is important. Therefore, an extension of the OC4 project was presented to and approved by IEA Wind for this purpose. The project is officially called the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation, with Correlation (OC5), and will begin the process of validating offshore wind modeling tools through the comparison of simulated responses to physical response data from actual measurements. It will start in 2014 and run for 4 years and also operate under Task 30. During the OC4 project, the operating agents found it difficult to get some countries to pay their dues, and suggest a more stringent requirement on payment for participation in the follow-on extension.
Fast Algorithms for Near-Minimum-Time Control of Robot Manipulators

Finding minimum-time strategies for point-to-point operation of a robot manipulator is algorithmically difficult and com putationally very intensive, even when the dynamic equations and parameters of the manipulator are precisely known. As a result, the practical applicability of available methods currently is very limited. In this research, fast algorithms to generate near-minimum-time point-to-point motions of a robot manip ulator are proposed, using a "two-step" Lyapunov approach. While not producing exact minimum-time solutions, the algo rithms can be easily used on-line to approximate minimum-time trajectories. The proposed method focuses on changes in the manipulator's kinetic energy during time-optimal motion, in stead of concentrating on the system's state variables, as is usually done in conventional approaches. Its performance is compared in simulation with true optimal solutions and the computed torque method with actuator bounds. The results also suggest that the method may actually compare favorably with "exact" time-optimal solutions when parameter uncertainty is present.
Assessment of renal function in routine care of people living with HIV on ART in a resource-limited setting in urban Zambia

Introduction Data on renal impairment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains scarce, determination of renal function is not part of routine assessments. We evaluated renal function and blood pressure in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the Renal Care Zambia project (ReCaZa). Methods Using routine data from an HIV outpatient clinic from 2011–2013, we retrospectively estimated the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, CKD-Epi formula) of PLWH on ART in Lusaka, Zambia. Data were included if adults had had at least one serum creatinine recorded and had been on ART for a minimum of three months. We investigated the differences in eGFR between ART subgroups with and without tenofovir disproxil fumarate (TDF), and applied multivariable linear models to associate ART and eGFR, adjusted for eGFR before ART initiation. Results and discussion Among 1118 PLWH (63,3% female, mean age 41.8 years, 83% ever on TDF; median duration 1461 [range 98 to 4342] days) on ART, 28.3% had an eGFR <90 ml/min, and 5.5% <60 ml/min at their last measurement. Information on other conditions associated with renal impairment was not systematically documented. Fourteen per cent of the PLWH who later switched to TDF-free ART had an initial eGFR lower 60ml/min. Nineteen percent had first-time hypertensive readings at their last visit. The multivariable models suggest that physicians acted according to guidelines and replaced TDF-containing ART if patients developed moderate/severe renal impairment. Conclusions Assessment of renal function in SSA remains a challenge. The vast majority of PLWH benefit from long-term ART, including improved renal function. However, approximately 5% of PLWH on ART may have clinically relevant decreased eGFR, and 27% hypertension. While a routine renal assessment might not be feasible, strategies to identify patients at risk are warranted. Targeted monitoring prior and during ART is recommended, however, should not delay ART access.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical and aetiologic types, therapy and quality of glycaemic control of ambulatory patients.

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with multiple causes revolving around beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance and enhanced hepatic glucose output. Clinical judgement based on obesity status, age of onset and the clinical perception of residual beta cell insulin secretory function (hence insulin-requiring or not), has been used to determine therapeutic choices for each patient. Further laboratory testing of the clinically defined type 2 diabetes unmasks the various aetiologic types within the single clinical group. OBJECTIVE To determine the aetiological types of the clinically defined type 2 diabetic patients, their chosen therapies at recruitment and the quality of glycaemic control achieved. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING Diabetes out-patient clinic of Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. RESULTS A total of 124 patients with clinical type 2 diabetes were included, 49.2% were males. The mean duration of diabetes in males was 26.09 (20.95) months and that of females was 28.68 (20.54) months. The aetiological grouping revealed the following proportions: Type 1A-3.2%, Type 1B-12.1%, LADA-5.7%, and "true" type 2 diabetes 79.0%. All the patients with Type 1A were apparently, and rightly so, on "insulin-only" treatment even though they did not achieve optimal glycaemic control with HbA1c % = 9.06. However the study patients who were type 1B and LADA were distributed all over the treatment groups where most of them did not achieve optimal glycaemic control, range of HbA1c of 8.46 -10.6%. The patients with "true" type 2 were also distributed all over the treatment groups where only subjects on 'diet only' treatment had good HbA1c of 6.72% but those in other treatment groups did not achieve optimal glycaemic control of HbA1c, 8.07 - 9.32%. CONCLUSION Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease where clinical judgement alone does not adequately tell the various aetiological types apart without additional laboratory testing of C-peptide levels and GAD antibody status. This may partly explain the inappropriate treatment choices for the various aetiological types with consequent sub-optimal glycaemic control of those patients.
Rotational Atherectomy in Clinical Practice: The Art of Tightrope Walking.

Unlike balloon dilation that results in the displacement of atherosclerotic plaque with multiple intimal tears, rotational atherectomy (RA) is based on the principle of differential cutting that allows for physical removal of inelastic atherosclerotic material while rendering the inner lumen surface smooth.1 Although plaque reduction by pulverization of atherosclerotic material into <10 µm particles has remained its central paradigm,2 the conceptual framework has shifted from the original approach of RA as a debulking strategy and, thus, applicable in a broad array of coronary lesions with large plaque burden, to a contemporary selective clinical utilization, with an emphasis mainly on plaque modification prior to stent implantation.3,4 This transition in conceptual understanding of the targeted effects of RA has been mirrored by a decreasing tendency in its use, from 20% in the mid 1990s to 1% to 3% according to contemporary reports.4,5 Today, RA is used selectively, mainly to disrupt the continuity of the calcium ring within the vessel wall and, thus, facilitate optimal drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with severely calcified de novo coronary lesions. ROTAXUS (Rotational Atherectomy Prior to Taxus Stent Treatment for Complex Native Coronary Artery Disease), as the only randomized trial to date that tested the strategy of routine lesion preparation with RA followed by DES implantation against stenting without RA, showed a higher rate of procedural success in patients undergoing RA, which, however, did not translate in long-term clinical benefit.6 These findings coincided with previous nonrandomized studies that had also supported RA …
Iron quantification with susceptibility

Iron is an essential trace element involved in a variety of biological mechanisms in the human body. Disturbances of iron homeostasis have been observed in several inflammatory and degenerative diseases, which have raised strong interest in non‐invasive iron mapping techniques. Numerous MRI techniques have been proposed so far, mostly based on the field changes induced by the magnetic properties of iron. Each of these approaches has a specific sensitivity for iron and its microstructural environment. Quantitative susceptibility mapping is the latest development and provides a direct measure of bulk susceptibility. However, field changes induced by iron are not always directly related to the concentration of iron, but rather reflect the structure of iron compounds and its cellular distribution. This review provides an overview of the most relevant iron compounds in the human body, their magnetic properties and their cellular distribution. In addition, MRI methods based on direct or indirect susceptibility changes are presented and discussed with respect to technical aspects and clinical applicability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age and gender-specific reference values of orbital fat and muscle volumes in Caucasians

Aim To provide age and gender-specific reference values for orbital fat and muscle volumes (MV) in Caucasian adults. Patients and Methods Computed tomographic scans of 160 orbits from 52 men and 55 women, aged 20–80 years, not affected by orbital disease were evaluated. Orbital bony cavity volume (OV), fat volume (FV) and MV were calculated by a previously validated method using the software program Mimics. Ratios of FV to OV and of MV to OV were determined. Results OV, FV and MV were all significantly larger in men than in women (p<0.001), but FV/OV and MV/OV were similar in both sexes. OV and MV did not change with age, but FV increased with advancing age in both women (p<0.001) and men (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis with FV/OV and MV/OV ratios as dependent variables and age and gender as independent variables showed a significant correlation between age and FV/OV (r=0.52, p<0.0001) and age and MV/OV (r=−0.26, p=0.001). Conclusions Advancing age is associated with an increase of FV/OV and a minor decrease of MV/OV. Gender-specific differences in orbital FV and MV disappear once FV and MV are related to OV, by calculating the ratios FV/OV and MV/OV. Age-specific gender-neutral reference ranges (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) of FV/OV and MV/OV are presented.
Anorexia nerviosa: el cuerpo y los mandatos sociales-superyóicos

(analitico): En este trabajo analitico y cualitativo presentamos los resultados de una investigacion aplicada a cinco chicas con diagnostico de anorexia nerviosa o trastorno alimentario no especificado. Utilizamos metodologia de la sociologia clinica en seis sesiones grupales y dos entrevistas individuales, para conocer las instancias psiquicas que se ponen en juego cuando la joven con anorexia nerviosa es capaz de lastimar su cuerpo tan gravemente, y continuar con esa dinamica a veces hasta la muerte. Encontramos que no las mueve un ideal de delgadez estetico y que la enfermedad es regulada por el superyo, sostenida por lo que llamamos mandatos sociales- superyoicos, que son frases coaguladas -carentes de sentido-, que las instala en un fuera de control, como un regulador implacable, propiciando el dominio de la pulsion de muerte
Leczenie celowane u chorych na raka jelita grubego

Rak jelita grubego jest jednym z najcze¶ciej wystepuj±cych nowotworow u ludzi. Wdro? enie w ostatnim czasie lekow ukierunkowanych na cele molekularne przyczyni³o sie do poprawy wynikow leczenia chorych na ten nowotwor. Dotychczas najcze¶ciej testuje sie preparaty interferuj±ce z procesem angiogenezy i aktywno¶ci± receptora czynnika wzrostu naskorka (EGFR). W pracy omowiono podstawy biologiczne i wyniki badan klinicznych nad skuteczno¶ci± przeciwcia³ monoklonalnych przeciwko najwa? niejszemu czynnikowi proangiogennemu - VEGF, jak te? przeciwko EGFR. Stosuje sie je w leczeniu chorych na raka jelita grubego w IV stadium choroby nowotworowej. Zwrocono rownie? uwage na inne mo? liwo¶ci hamowania angiogenezy (m.in. interferowanie z aktywno¶ci± receptora dla VEGF), jak te? na zasadno¶ae i skuteczno¶ae kojarzenia ro? nych form leczenia celowanego (np. ukierunkowanego na VEGF i EGFR) oraz po³±czenia leczenia celowanego z konwencjonaln± chemioterapi± i radioterapi±. Omowiono tak? e aktualne kierunki badan nad zastosowaniem tego nowatorskiego sposobu postepowania u chorych na raka jelita grubego, zarowno w leczeniu neoadiuwantowym i uzupe³niaj±cym, jak te? u pacjentow, u ktorych dosz³o do uogolnienia procesu nowotworowego.
Cyclization of the Intrinsically Disordered α1S Dihydropyridine Receptor II-III Loop Enhances Secondary Structure and in Vitro Function*

A key component of excitation contraction (EC) coupling in skeletal muscle is the cytoplasmic linker (II-III loop) between the second and third transmembrane repeats of the α1S subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR). The II-III loop has been previously examined in vitro using a linear II-III loop with unrestrained N- and C-terminal ends. To better reproduce the loop structure in its native environment (tethered to the DHPR transmembrane domains), we have joined the N and C termini using intein-mediated technology. Circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy revealed a structural shift in the cyclized loop toward a protein with increased α-helical and β-strand structure in a region of the loop implicated in its in vitro function and also in a critical region for EC coupling. The affinity of binding of the II-III loop binding to the SPRY2 domain of the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RyR1) increased 4-fold, and its ability to activate RyR1 channels in lipid bilayers was enhanced 3-fold by cyclization. These functional changes were predicted consequences of the structural enhancement. We suggest that tethering the N and C termini stabilized secondary structural elements in the DHPR II-III loop and may reflect structural and dynamic characteristics of the loop that are inherent in EC coupling.
Adsorption of Chromium ( VI ) from Aqueous Solution by Using Mangifera indica Bark Dust

Water is the most natural resource and it is essential for all forms of life. Without water man can’t surviv. Due to population explosion, urbanization and industrialization the water is getting polluted day by day unlike in the past, When natural resources are considered to be abundant, the present situation is completely different. Outdated technologies by the industries cause a lot of waste. These wastes enter into the water and soil systems directly or indirectly through various processes. It is a responsibility of any individual and environmental scientist to address this problem to control and take this problem at grass root to find an economical solution. The present study deals with the removal of chromium (VI) by adsorption process by using a waste and ecofriendly material such as Mangifera indica. The experiments are conducted by batch process. Experiments are conducted with respect contact time, concentration and adsorbent dosage. The optimum contact time found is equal . The optimum dosage is equal to 0.8gms. The percentage removal is ranging
Intelligence techniques for prostate ultrasound image analysis

In this paper we present an intelligent scheme, employing a combination of fuzzy logic, pulse coupled neural networks (PCNNs), wavelets and rough sets, for analysing prostrate ultrasound images in order diagnose prostate cancer. Image noise is a principal factor which hampers the visual quality of ultrasound images and can therefore lead to misdiagnosis. To address this issue we first utilise an algorithm based on type-II fuzzy sets to enhance the contrast of the image. This is followed by performing PCNN-based segmentation in order to identify the region of interest and to detect the boundary of the prostate pattern. Then, a wavelet features are extracted and normalised, followed by application of a rough set analysis to discover the dependency between the attributes, and to generate a set of reducts consisting of a minimal number of attributes. Finally, a rough set classifier is designed for discrimination of different regions of interest to determine whether they represent cancer or not. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we present tests on different prostate ultrasound images. The experimental results obtained, show that the overall classification accuracy offered by the employed rough set approach is high compared with other intelligent techniques including decision trees, discriminant analysis, rough neural networks, fuzzy ARTMAP, and neural networks.
Conservative Treatment of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip in the Newborn and Infant

Five practical questions, concerning which hips should be treated, method of treatment, duration of treatment, treatment failure, and whether pre-treatment traction is advised in congenitally dislocated hips, are discussed and answered. All hips positive for Ortolani's sign, hips positive for Barlow's sign, dislocated and irreducible hips, and hips that appear unstable by sonography should be treated. A large number of studies document the safety and effectiveness of early treatment in the Pavlik harness. Treatment may be stopped at six weeks in the newborn and three or four weeks after stability is achieved in children three or four months old at the time of initial treatment. Sonography is helpful in determining when to stop treatment. Hips that fail Pavlik harness treatment are at risk to fail with other types of treatment as well and require a cautious approach. Traction before treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) may not be necessary. Recent studies have shown that safe reductions may be performed without preminary traction.
Clarifying the Ghrelin System’s Ability to Regulate Feeding Behaviours Despite Enigmatic Spatial Separation of the GHSR and Its Endogenous Ligand

Ghrelin is a hormone predominantly produced in and secreted from the stomach. Ghrelin is involved in many physiological processes including feeding, the stress response, and in modulating learning, memory and motivational processes. Ghrelin does this by binding to its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a receptor found in relatively high concentrations in hypothalamic and mesolimbic brain regions. While the feeding and metabolic effects of ghrelin can be explained by the effects of this hormone on regions of the brain that have a more permeable blood brain barrier (BBB), ghrelin produced within the periphery demonstrates a limited ability to reach extrahypothalamic regions where GHSRs are expressed. Therefore, one of the most pressing unanswered questions plaguing ghrelin research is how GHSRs, distributed in brain regions protected by the BBB, are activated despite ghrelin’s predominant peripheral production and poor ability to transverse the BBB. This manuscript will describe how peripheral ghrelin activates central GHSRs to encourage feeding, and how central ghrelin synthesis and ghrelin independent activation of GHSRs may also contribute to the modulation of feeding behaviours.
1 A Tribute to

In May 2003, 10 speakers and a large audience gathered at the University of Oregon in Eugene to pay tribute to the enormously influential contributions Michael Posner has made to the disciplines of psychology and cognitive neuroscience. They gathered, moreover, to express appreciation for his profound influence, both personal and professional, on their careers at times when they were students—undergraduate or graduate—postdoctoral fellows, or collaborative scientists. Attendees converged from throughout the United States and around the world. Posner is not a person who wishes to bask in tributes. Although he might (and did) tolerate tributes during two spring days of celebration, his longstanding goals have always been about science and not about him as a person. He would wish a conference not to focus on the past but rather to push the advance of cognitive science to new depths and into new directions. With this in mind, he himself requested a hand in setting the theme of the conference, a theme reflected in these resulting proceedings and titled Developing Individuality of the Human Brain: A Tribute to Mike Posner. The theme of these chapters grew from a line of investigation, a rather straight line in retrospect, that stretches from the mid-1960s up to the present. In chapter 12 that Posner himself has prepared for this volume, he elegantly describes this trajectory from his perspective.He began by using simple reactiontime indicators to differentiate among elementary components of reading and of attention. These simple measurement techniques not only allowed isolation of the different components but also allowed investigation of the properties of each. Later Posner proposed that elementary components might constitute an appropriate grain of analysis for mapping mental function into brain structure. He initiated a systematic examination of this idea, first toward elucidating the fundamental cognitive deficit suffered by people with injuries to various brain
Focus statistics for testing network centrality on uncorrelated random graphs

Abstract Network centrality has been addressed for more than 30 years; however, few studies provided statistical tests for verifying this network characteristic. By applying the idea of focus test in spatial analysis, we propose a statistical method to test the centrality of a network. We consider not only the degree of node, but also give weights on other nodes with different lengths of the shortest paths, which are called “distances” in networks. According to the density of distance based on the hidden variable model and the property of the multinomial distribution, a test statistic called “focus centrality” is provided to evaluate a network centrality. Besides the theoretical construction, we verify that the proposed method is feasible and effective in the simulation studies. Further, two empirical network data are studied as demonstrations.