Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of the Bacteriophage MS2 by the Ciliated Protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila

Because the range of biological mechanisms responsible for the inactivation of viruses in man-made and natural water systems is poorly understood, the involvement of the free-living ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, in viral inactivation was investigated. The ciliate was found to remove the bacteriophage MS2 when the phage and ciliate were co-incubated in a simple salt solution. MS2 was enumerated as plaque forming units (pfus). MS2 removal was achieved only by living and not formalin-fixed ciliates, and was blocked by treatments that impaired the formation of food vacuoles. These treatments were cytochalasin B and low temperature. When fluorescently labelled with SYBR gold prior to co-incubation, MS2 were seen inside Tetrahymena within vesicles that had the shape and size of food vacuoles. The number of pfus associated with Tetrahymena was low. This suggests that the engulfment of the phage into food vacuoles led to the inactivation of MS2, which is frequently used as a surrogate for poliovirus in environmental microbiology. In the future, a broader understanding of the capacity of ciliates to inactivate viruses could lead to methods for improving water quality through the manipulation of ciliate populations and activities.
Model and Satellite Analysis of Transport of Asian Anthropogenic Pollution to the Arctic: Siberian and Pacific Pathways and Their Meteorological Controls

We made comprehensive analyses of long‐range transport episodes of air pollutants from East Asia to the Arctic and associated meteorological conditions. While our main focus was black carbon (BC) as its transport to the Arctic has attracted great attention, carbon monoxide (CO) was also diagnosed as a species co‐emitted with BC and as a tracer of long‐range transport. We used satellite observations by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and a newly implemented BC tagged‐tracer simulation using a global chemical transport model, GEOS‐Chem. Temporal variations of IASI‐CO column over the Pacific Arctic (160–200°E, 60–80°N) showed that episodic increases occurred several times in each season. For the period of 2007–2011, 11 strong events (6 in spring, 3 in autumn, and 2 in winter) caused by the long‐range transport from East Asia were identified. Two transport pathways from East Asia to the Arctic were found: over Siberia and the Sea of Okhotsk, and over the North Pacific. In the pathway over Siberia and the Sea of Okhotsk, the pollutants were transported northeastward from China mainly through the Sea of Okhotsk and East Siberia. The low pressures passing from East Siberia to the Sea of Okhotsk played important roles in the transport in the lower troposphere and uplifting to the middle troposphere. In the pathway over the North Pacific, the pollutants were transported eastward from the Asian continent and subsequent northward transport took place over the North Pacific. The poleward transport occurred west of the high pressure that stayed around the Bering Sea.
EFEITOS DA SATISFAÇÃO, CONFIANÇA E SEUS ANTECEDENTES NA INTENÇÃO DE RECOMPRA ONLINE

O presente estudo buscou analisar os efeitos da satisfação, confiança e seus antecedentes na intenção de recompra online. A partir da teoria, são formuladas hipóteses dos construtos em relação à intenção de consumidores em recomprar online. As hipóteses foram testadas por meio de uma survey, a qual resultou em uma amostra de 250 indivíduos, cujo único requisito era já ter realizado compras online. Os dados coletados foram analisados via modelagem de equações estruturais, com a verificação de efeitos significativos em várias das hipóteses do estudo, tendo destaque para a confiança do consumidor, atuando como mediadora da relação entre os demais construtos e a intenção de recompra online. Cinco das nove hipóteses propostas se confirmaram, incluindo as relações entre: facilidade de uso e controle percebido, controle percebido sobre confiança, satisfação sobre confiança, benefícios percebidos sobre satisfação, e da confiança sobre intenção de recompra online.
Structural Modifications of Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Applications

The current research on photocatalysis is totally focused on the designing and innovation of various low cost materials. For an efficient photocatalyst, there are some aspects which are to be assessed before practical use, such as optical activity, thermal and chemical stability, easy and availability of raw material, biocompatibility, etc. Fortunately, g-C3N4 offers most of these qualities to behave as a star photocatalyst. g-C3N4 could be easily prepared from low cost precursor materials such as urea, melamine, cyanimide and dicyandiamide by simple thermal treatment. Furthermore, larger surface area and two-dimensional planar conjugation structure of g-C3N4 can provide a large platform for anchoring various substrates. Various researchers have utilized g-C3N4 for varieties of applications such as green energy production, energy storage devices, biomedical application, wastewater treatment via photocatalysis and adsorption, photo sensors, etc. Although there are some disadvantages associated with use of g-C3N4 when utilized for various applications. To overcome such hitches various structural modifications have been applied to g-C3N4. The current chapter summarizes a wide mode of applications of g-C3N4 along with various structural modifications which were recently applied to improve the photocatalytic efficacy.
Design and fabrication of high performance photovoltaic based Controllable SnS/rGO hybrid composite: An excellent counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cell

To catalyse the decrease of triiodide in the electrolyte, state-of-the-art dye-sensitized sun directed cells (DSSCs) usually use respectable and uncommon Pt as counter electrodes, which greatly limits the practical applications of DSSCs. Appropriately, choices with low cost, fabulous electro- catalytic action, and predominant electrochemical stability to Pt are exceedingly looked for after. Herein, we report tin sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (SnS/rGO) composites are facile synthesized via a simple one-pot hydrothermal route and characterized by XRD, FESEM, Raman, UV-DRS, BET and PL studies. Due to the synergic effect between the SnS nanoparticles and rGO, these composite samples showed outstanding electro-catalytic property on reducing the triiodide. Therefore, the DSSC equipped with SnS/rGO nanocomposite CE achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.72%, which was higher than those of use SnS nanoparticles (5.21%). The improved mechanism of SnS/rGO nanocomposite was also discussed.
Alkene Epoxidations Mediated by Mn-Salen Macrocyclic Catalysts

Three new chiral Mn macrocycle catalysts containing 20 or 40 atoms in the macrocycle were synthetized and tested in the enantioselective epoxidation of cis-β-ethyl-styrene and 1,2-dihydronathalene. The effect of the presence of a binaphtol (BINOL) compound in the catalyst backbone has been evaluated, including by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
The relative contribution of emotional sensitivity, anxiety and depression in forecasting quality of life of university students

The study aimed at investigating the relationship between quality of life and both general anxiety, emotional sensitivity and depression among university students. It also aimed at investigating the relative contribution of emotional sensitivity, general anxiety and depression in forecasting quality of life of university students. The study aimed also at identifying the differences in the quality of life according to levels of general anxiety, depression and emotional sensitivity. It also aimed at identifying the differences between males and females in the variables: quality of life, general anxiety, depression and emotional sensitivity. The study also identified the degree of prevalence of these variables among university students. The study used a sample of (1013) males and females studying at the College of Education. It also modified into Arabic the study tools: general anxiety, depression, emotional sensitivity and quality of life and ensured its consistency and validity. The results showed that the most predictive factors for quality of life are: general anxiety by 35.6%, depression by 31.1% and emotional sensitivity by 19%.
Ecosystem and Ecological Services; Need for Biodiversity Conservation-A Critical Review

Biodiversity and ecosystems are closely related concepts. Biodiversity provides numerous ecosystem services that are crucial and important to human well-being at present and in the future. The review aim to explain the Ecosystem services, and need for conservation of biodiversity. Ecosystem services (also called environmental services or nature’s services) are benefits provided by ecosystems to humans, which contribute to making human life both possible and worth living. Human kind fully depends on the earth’s ecosystems and the services they provide, such as food, water, disease management, climate regulation, spiritual fulfillment and aesthetic enjoyment. Over the past 50 years, humans have changed these ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than ever before, so that growing demands for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel can be met. Pollution through the discharge of municipal and industrial wastewater and solid waste (e.g. Review Article Oguh et al.; AJOB, 11(4): 1-14, 2021; Article no.AJOB. 66462 2 plastics) exacerbates the related problems. Environmental pollution results from mishandling, deliberate disposal, spilling and leakage of waste products, such as gasoline, lubricating oils, diesel fuel, heating oil’s, used or spent engine oils, animal wastes, human excreta, certain dissolved organic compound (e.g. urea, carbohydrate etc.), and organic salts such as nitrates, soap, phosphates of detergent, sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions. Under natural process most of the biodegradable pollutants of sewage are rapidly decomposed, but when they accumulate in large quantities, they create problems, i.e., when their input into environment exceeds the decomposition or disposal capacity. Ecosystem health is inherently linked to water management, sanitation and agriculture as these aspects influence water availability and quality. The loss of biodiversity can reduce the provision of ecosystem services essential for human wellbeing. Therefore, sustainable sanitation and water management is crucial for a more sustainable ecosystem management in the future.
Cooperative Regulation of Flavonoid and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants

Abstract Flavonoids and lignin are valuable phytochemicals derived from plant secondary metabolism and play important roles in regulating multiple plant developmental processes and signaling networks. The biosynthetic pathways leading to flavonoids and lignin are known to be originated from the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Key regulators controlling the pathway structural genes have been isolated from many species. However, cooperative regulations of flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis and the resulting effects on the carbon flow in the general phenylpropanoid pathway have not systematically summarized and discussed. New discoveries have begun to reveal that the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin are linked through transcription regulatory networks sharing certain specific regulators, such as transcription factors, mediators and microRNAs. This review article summarizes recent progress on function and mechanism of these regulators and assesses how they co-modulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin. A simplified discussion for the different co-regulation networks involved with flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis is proposed.
DENATURED ALCOHOL AS A FREQUENT SOURCE OF METHANOL INTOXICATION

SUMMARY: Ethyl alcohol – spirit for technical designation, denatured is used mostly as dissolving agent in chemical industry and in the everyday life as a spirit for burning. It consists of 95 % ethyl alcohol to which different substances are added and coloring agents to become not fit to drink. For the chemical industry the most often used substances are – methyl alcohol (5 –10%); pyridine bases (0.5 %); benzol (510%); chloroform (5%); acetone (10%), petrol (1%) and many others (4). The spirit for burning in the household is denatured with methyl alcohol (3-4%) or pyridine (0.25%) and is indicated with the coloring agent methyl-violet which gives it a special blue-violet color. According to the state standards the spirit for burning has to contain not less than 94.5% ethyl alcohol and not more than 1 % methyl alcohol as denatur
New Method for the Synthesis and Reactivity of (5‐R‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazol‐2‐yl)furoxans

A new, simple and general one-pot method for the preparation of (5-R-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)furoxans has been developed on the basis of the interaction between accessible 3-methylfuroxan-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide and aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acids or their chlorides in the presence of POCl3. The synthesis and study of (5-R-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)furoxans reactivity resulted in new polyheterocyclic ensembles incorporating furoxan, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, pyrrole, triazole, furan, thiophene, pyrimidine, and other heterocycles in different combinations.
Reconfigurable bandpass optical filters based on subwavelength grating waveguides with a Ge2Sb2 Te5 cavity

We demonstrate a reconfigurable optical bandpass filter based on subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide operating in the Bragg reflection regime and integrated with a cavity of the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). Partial crystallization of GST provides us with an efficient tool to modify the effective optical properties of the GST governed by the effective medium theory. Consequently, the resonance wavelength as well as the transmission peak can be tuned in the designed filters. Numerical simulations indicate that the presented SWG waveguide with a single GST cavity offers up to 8.8 nm redshift while the transmission amplitude can be modulated from 0.544 to 0.007. The presented Fabry–Perot structure can also be used as a nonvolatile optical switch with a high extinction ratio of about 24 dB at the wavelength of 1548.3 nm.
Deep-Learning-Based Phase-Only Robust Massive MU-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming

Conventional hybrid beamforming (BF) techniques encounter high computational complexity (CC) and performance loss due to array steering vector mismatches. Therefore, in this letter, a joint robust adaptive BF (RAB) method based on the diagonal loading technique along with phase-only digital beamformer design is proposed. In addition, with the aim of reducing the CC of the system, a novel deep-learning model is proposed to estimate the digital weights. Simulations demonstrated that the proposed deep neural network (DNN) model can have similar performance for digital BF weights estimation as a metaheuristic-based one with significantly lower CC.
Application of mixed models in sensory analysis of probiotic mango juice

The present work aimed to apply the mixed models to the results of the sensory analysis of probiotic mango juice with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis BB-12. Physicochemical analyzes (pH, titratable acidity, total solids, and color parameters), the viability of probiotics was performed, and for sensory analysis, the affective method and the acceptance test were used, where the attributes were analyzed in mango juices with and without probiotic. The encapsulated probiotic remained viable in the juice, and the physicochemical analysis showed results as expected for this type of product. In the results of the random effect of the sensorial analysis, there was a great variability of panelists for the aroma attribute, standing out as the best attribute both for mango juice with probiotics and for juice without probiotics. In the acceptance test, the panelists showed a greater preference for mango juice without probiotics, however, concerning mango juice with probiotics, the panelists liked the aroma and showed a satisfactory purchase intention. Based on the results, it can be concluded that with the use of the mixed models it was possible to estimate the variability between the panelists and their scores.
Full-scale simulation of self-propulsion for a free-running submarine

It is important to predict the self-propulsion performance of full-scale marine vessels during the design stage. With the development of highperformance computational techniques, full-scale ship-free running simulations focused on self-propulsion performance are receiving increased attention. This study presents the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a full-scale submarine propelled by a high-skew propeller. An in-house CFD code with the dynamic overset grid approach is used to simulate the rotational motion of the propeller. First, modeland full-scale simulations focused on submarine resistance and propeller open-water performance are conducted, enabling a systematic convergence study of the model. The self-propulsion performance is then predicted at the model scale, and comparisons with other available results show only small discrepancies. Finally, full-scale submarine self-propulsion simulations are conducted and the results are compared with those from the model-scale simulations with the addition of skin friction correction. Discussions on the differences between modeland full-scale self-propulsion results are presented including propeller performance, pressure distribution, boundary layer, and wake flow. Published under license by AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0041334
Population genetics under the Massenerhebung effect: The influence of topography on the demography of Acer morrisonense

The Massenerhebung effect (Mass elevation effect) refers to heat‐ or wind‐driven altitudinal distribution patterns of temperature‐dependent parameters among massifs with narrower range and lower elevation around peripheral and isolated mountains compared to core and continuous ones. Although common in ecology, this effect is rarely discussed in population genetics. Here, we use genetic markers to reveal population genetic patterns and also test the mountain‐ and sky‐barrier hypotheses relevant to the Massenerhebung distribution pattern of Acer morrisonense in Taiwan's rugged topography and varied local climates.
Oxygen isotopes in tree rings: do they really reflect temperature?

core and sea-sediment studies. Because the isotope ratio in the cellulose of tree rings reflects that of precipitation (Burk & Stuiver 1981), it should also be well suited for tree-ring studies. Modern on-line pyrolysis systems enable the processing of a large number of samples (Werner et al. 1996), meaning that in the future this method may be used to build long oxygen-isotope chronologies for the purpose of reconstructing climate on the continents. However, it has to be kept in mind that the isotope ratio in precipitation and tree rings is determined by a large variety of factors and that as a consequence its climatic interpretation is not straightforward. In this context, two main questions have to be addressed: (1) What is the exact relationship between the isotope ratios of rainwater and temperature? (2) What are the isotope fractionations during the trees’ uptake and incorporation of the water? Regarding the first question, one has to consider that the temporal oxygen-isotope variations in meteoric water are not simply determined by temperature, but also by the evaporative conditions over the oceans where the precipitation originated, as well as by the flow path of the moisture to a particular location on the continent. Therefore, changes in the oxygenisotope ratio of precipitation may be caused by changes in the atmospheric circulation pattern. Regarding the second question, one has to consider the transfer function between (a) the isotope ratio in the water taken up by the roots, and (b) the isotope ratio in the cellulose of the tree rings. The isotope ratio is modified in particular in the leaf, due to transpiration, and in biochemical steps during cellulose synthesis. Only part of these processes has been quantified, rendering it difficult to use isotope ratios for quantitative climate reconstructions. In addition, isotope-fractionation processes may be dependent on species and site conditions, meaning that calibration studies cannot be generalized, but have to be verified for different ecological situations. In this paper, we present some results from research on this subject carried out at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Villigen, CH), and discuss the potential of oxygen-isotope analysis for temperature reconstruction.
Occurrence of Pu and Fissiogenic REE in Hydrothermal Apatites from the Fossil Nuclear Reactor 16 at Oklo (Gabon)

Neutron-fission induced nuclear reactions took place 2 Ga ago in the Oklo uranium deposit which is located in the Franceville sedimentary basin (Gabon). The heat released during the running time of the natural reactors led to extensive alteration and desilicification of the sandstones enclosing the reactors and subsequent new formation of c lays and apatites, among other phases. The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity of hydrothermally formed apatite to retain actinides and fission products. Combined optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe observations revealed the occurrence of fluoroapatite in reaction zone 16. Isotopie and elemental analysis o f U, Sm—Nd, Rb—Sr, Bi and Th were performed by ICP-MS and MS-thermoionization on separated apatite grains of various sizes devoid of uraninite inclusions. Most fractions show a slight depletion in U. However, one sample shows a significant 2 , 5 U enrichment ( " ' U / ^ U = 0 .00804 instead of 0 .007254 for the natural U ) together with high contributions of f iss iogenic N d and Sm. This result shows that Pu which is produced by 2 M U epithermal neutron capture was trapped by the apatite structure during the nuclear reactions or soon after the end of the reactions. It is suggested that combined in situ epithermal neutron irradiation and chemical Pu/U fractionation during the high temperature leaching had contributed to the occurrence of the high 2 "U/""U ratio in the sample.
Comparing CEO Compensation Effects of Public and Private Acquisitions

We estimate the effect of acquisition performance and acquisition activity on CEO compensation for the full set of CEOs of large public U.S. corporations in the Execucomp database over the period 1992–2016. Most previous work has focused on publicly traded acquisition targets. We focus on the comparison between public and private targets, showing significant differences between the two. One primary finding, based on panel data regressions (using both fixed and random effects) is that the performance of private acquisitions, as measured by abnormal announcement returns, has a statistically significant positive effect of plausible economic magnitude on CEO compensation. Public acquisitions exhibit a smaller positive effect that is statistically insignificant. For both, acquisition activity (number of acquisitions) has a statistically significant positive effect on compensation. Our main results suggest that agency considerations are important for both public and private acquisitions but are more important for public acquisitions.