Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hämodynamische Definition der pulmonalen Hypertonie: Kommentar zu der vorgeschlagenen Änderung durch das 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension

Zusammenfassung Die Ende 2015 veröffentlichten ESC/ERS-Leitlinien und andere internationale Empfehlungen definierten die pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) bisher durch einen invasiv gemessenen mittleren pulmonal arteriellen Druck (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg in Ruhe. Auf dem 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension in Nizza wurde eine Modifikation dieser hämodynamischen Definition im Sinne einer Senkung des Schwellenwertes auf > 20 mmHg vorgeschlagen. Für die präkapilläre PH wird zusätzlich ein pulmonaler Gefäßwiderstand (PVR) ≥ 3 Wood-Einheiten (WE) gefordert. Diese Änderung muss im Hinblick auf die zugrunde liegende Rationale und mögliche Konsequenzen kritisch hinterfragt werden; es bedarf daher einer eingehenden Erläuterung. Insbesondere muss klargestellt werden, dass diese Änderung aktuell keinen Einfluss auf die evidenzbasierte und zulassungskonforme Verschreibung von Medikamenten zur gezielten Therapie der pulmonal arteriellen Hypertonie (PAH) hat.
Effects of parasitic infection on the pharmacokinetics and disposition of pentamidine analogs

Claudia Nelly Generaux: Effects of Parasitic Infection on the Pharmacokinetics and Disposition of Pentamidine Analogs (Under the direction of Mary F. Paine, Ph.D. and Dhiren R.Thakker, Ph.D.) Diamidine analogs of pentamidine are under evaluation as new and safer alternatives for treatment of firstand second-stage human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Bis-Omethylamidoxime prodrugs of diamidines depend on hepatic biotransformation for generation of the pharmacologically active diamidines. The goal of this dissertation project was to investigate whether trypanosomal infection attenuates biotransformation of bis-Omethylamidoxime prodrugs, with the consequent potential to alter systemic exposure to prodrug and/or active diamidines. Biotransformation of the prodrug DB868 to the active diamidine, DB829, under investigation for second-stage HAT, mirrored biotransformation of the prodrug for first-stage HAT, pafuramidine, highlighting the central role of biotransformation for bis-Omethylamidoxime prodrug activation. In addition to the O-demethylation and N-dehydroxylation reactions preceding DB829 generation, a previously unrecognized N-demethoxylation reaction was observed in human and rat liver microsomes. Formation of DB829 in cultured primary hepatocytes from both species was rapid; however, basolateral export and/or intracellular sequestration limited appearance of DB829 diamidine in culture medium.
Associations Between Body Fat, Muscle Mass, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population‐Based Study

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of liver disease worldwide and has emerged as a significant public health concern in China. A better understanding of the etiology of NAFLD can inform effective management strategies for this disease. We examined factors associated with NAFLD in two districts of Hangzhou, China, focusing on the relationship of regional body fat distribution, muscle mass, and NAFLD. We used baseline data to carry out a cross‐sectional analysis among 3,589 participants from the Wellness Living Laboratory (WELL) China study, a longitudinal population‐based study that aims to investigate and promote well‐being among the Chinese population. NAFLD was defined using the widely validated fatty liver index (FLI). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess independent associations between NAFLD and metabolic risk factors (e.g., insulin resistance) and dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐derived measures (e.g., android fat ratio [AFR] and skeletal muscle index [SMI]). Of the 3,589 participants, 476 (13.3%) were classified as having FLI‐defined NAFLD (FLI ≥60). Among those, 58.0% were men. According to our analysis, AFR (odds ratio [OR], 10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8‐18.5), insulin resistance (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 3.0‐5.3), high alanine aminotransferase levels (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 5.8‐10.0), smoking (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4‐3.0), and male sex (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0‐4.2) were positively associated with NAFLD risk, while SMI (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.07‐0.13) was inversely associated with NAFLD risk. Conclusion: In addition to known metabolic risk factors, DXA‐derived AFR and SMI may provide additional insights to the understanding of NAFLD. Interventions that aim to decrease AFR and increase SMI may be important to reduce the burden of NAFLD in this population.
Nonparametric Bayesian Topic Modelling with Auxiliary Data

The intent of this dissertation in computer science is to study topic models for text analytics. The first objective of this dissertation is to incorporate auxiliary information present in text corpora to improve topic modelling for natural language processing (NLP) applications. The second objective of this dissertation is to extend existing topic models to employ state-of-the-art nonparametric Bayesian techniques for better modelling of text data. In particular, this dissertation focusses on: • incorporating hashtags, mentions, emoticons, and target-opinion dependency present in tweets, together with an external sentiment lexicon, to perform opinion mining or sentiment analysis on products and services; • leveraging abstracts, titles, authors, keywords, categorical labels, and the citation network to perform bibliographic analysis on research publications, using a supervised or semi-supervised topic model; and • employing the hierarchical Pitman-Yor process (HPYP) and the Gaussian process (GP) to jointly model text, hashtags, authors, and the follower network in tweets for corpora exploration and summarisation. In addition, we provide a framework for implementing arbitrary HPYP topic models to ease the development of our proposed topic models, made possible by modularising the Pitman-Yor processes. Through extensive experiments and qualitative assessment, we find that topic models fit better to the data as we utilise more auxiliary information and by employing the Bayesian nonparametric method.
Determinação da demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) em efluentes a partir da aquisição de imagens digitais utilizando smartphone

A Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) é um indicador global de matéria orgânica presente em águas residuais e superficiais, sendo amplamente utilizada em efluentes líquidos que monitoram a descarga de efluentes líquidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método alternativo de espectrofotometria para leitura e determinação de DQO em efluentes urbanos, utilizando aquisição de imagens digitais por smartphone e o tratamento das mesmas por meio de ImageJ e Photometrix. Através da construção de curvas analíticas foi possível validar o método utilizando o vetor Photometrix e RGB, resultando em um intervalo de trabalho linear de 55-600 mg O2.L-1 e um método mais sensível, preciso e preciso que o método padrão referenciado. O uso de amostras reais também obteve melhores resultados com este método, com recuperação média de 93,5% (n = 4), capaz de quantificar o analito em amostras de efluentes com a mesma confiabilidade. No entanto, o uso do ImageJ proporcionou linearidade em um intervalo restrito de 163-400 mg O2.L-1, necessitando de ajustes no modo de aquisição de imagens digitais. Porém, o uso de smartphones para obtenção das imagens permitiu o desenvolvimento de um método muito mais prático, simples e acessível quando comparado ao método padrão referenciado.
Parsing Bangla Grammar Using Context Free Grammar

Parsing plays a very prominent role in computational linguistics. Parsing a Bangla sentence is a primary need in Bangla language processing. This chapter describes the Context Free Grammar (CFG) for parsing Bangla language, and hence, a Bangla parser is proposed based on the Bangla grammar. This approach is very simple to apply in Bangla sentences, and the method is well accepted for parsing grammar. This chapter introduces a parser for Bangla language, which is, by nature, a predictive parser, and the parse table is constructed for recognizing Bangla grammar. Parse table is an important tool to recognize syntactical mistakes of Bangla sentences when there is no entry for a terminal in the parse table. If a natural language can be successfully parsed then grammar checking of this language becomes possible. The parsing scheme in this chapter works based on a top-down parsing method. CFG suffers from a major problem called left recursion. The technique of left factoring is applied to avoid the problem.
The Role of Infections in the Etiology of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. However, the etiology of childhood ALL is uncertain. An infectious trigger for ALL is hypothesized based on evidence from biological and epidemiologic studies. The goal of the dissertation was to assess the relationship between prior infections and the development of childhood ALL. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, no overall relationship between prior infections and childhood ALL could be identified (odds ratio, OR=1.10, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.95-1.28). The systematic review showed most studies that used self-reported data to measure infections were susceptible to recall bias. Thus, administrative data may be particularly useful in furthering our understanding of the infectious etiology of ALL. Using electronic medical records as the reference standard, a study was conducted to assess the criterion validity of administrative databases to identify infectious syndromes in children aged 0-18 years from Ontario, Canada. Administrative billings codes for an infection (respiratory, skin and soft tissue, gastrointestinal, urinary tract or otitis externa) demonstrated moderate sensitivity (0.74, 95%CI 0.70-0.77), and high specificity (0.95, 95%CI 0.93-0.96), positive predictive value (0.87, 95%CI 0.84-0.90), and negative predictive value (0.88, 95%CI 0.860.89). Finally, the association between prior infections and the development of childhood ALL,
Factores pronósticos en estenosis aórtica severa asintomática con fracción de eyección preservada

En los pacientes con estenosis aortica severa asintomatica se mantiene habitualmente una actitud expectante en espera a la aparicion de sintomas o al deterioro de la fraccion de eyeccion, porque se cree que el recambio valvular en fase asintomatica entrana mas riesgo que esta estratega de vigilancia. Sin embargo algunos pacientes presentan eventos adversos en fase asintomatica (deterioro irreversible de la funcion ventricular izquierda, muerte subita, insuficiencia cardiaca grave como debut clinico, muerte en la lista de espera quirurgica.) y por ello es necesario identificar predictores de mala evolucion clinica que permitan seleccionar a pacientes para un recambio valvular en fase asintomatica o al menos para un seguimiento mas estrecho. En el presente trabajo se han identificado al gradiente medio aortico y a la relacion integral velocidad tiempo del tracto de salida del ventriculo izquierdo/la integral velocidad tiempo a nivel de la valvula aortica como predictores independientes de indicacion de recambio valvular y/o mortalidad global y se ha disenado un score pronostico para estratificar el riesgo de los pacientes con estenosis aortica severa asintomatica. Ademas se ha observado que los pacientes con un mayor fenomeno de recuperacion de presiones presentan una tasa de eventos menor.
How real time picture and situational awareness can be improved by using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)

This paper deals with the importance of expertise for improving situational awareness and real-time picture. As an example we use Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Our research process began by defining the topic and objectives as well as the theory of experience. Research material was collected through interviews and by analyzing scientific publications, newspaper articles and video clips. Most of the scientific publications from the subject concentrate only on the building, on the planning and on the technical properties of UAS. The unmanned model planes are used mainly for different military purposes at the moment. On the basis of this we ensured that we are studying this issue in question among the first ones in Finland. In this paper we use the method of case study research to improve the situational awareness and real-time picture by using UASs in organizations.
Secret Sharing Across a Network with Low Communication Cost: Distributed Algorithm and Bounds

Shamir's (n, k) threshold secret sharing is an important component of several cryptographic protocols, such as those for secure multiparty-computation and key management. These protocols typically assume the presence of direct communication links from the dealer to all participants, in which case the dealer can directly pass the shares of the secret to each participant. In this paper, we consider the problem of secret sharing when the dealer does not have direct communication links to all the participants, and instead, the dealer and the participants form a general network. Existing methods are based on secure message transmissions from the dealer to each participant requiring considerable coordination in the network. In this paper, we present a distributed algorithm for disseminating shares over a network, which we call the SNEAK algorithm, requiring each node to know only the identities of its one-hop neighbours. While SNEAK imposes a stronger condition on the network by requiring the dealer to be what we call k-propagating rather than k-connected as required by the existing solutions, we show that in addition to being distributed, SNEAK achieves significant reduction in the communication cost and the amount of randomness required.
Conceptual Modeling of Events for Active Information Systems

aBstract Active information systems participate in the operation and management of business organizations. They create conceptual objects that represent social constructions, such as agreements, commitments, transactions, and obligations. They determine and ascribe attributes to both conceptual and concrete objects (things) that are of interest to the organization. Active information system infer conclusions based on the application of socially constructed and mutable rules constituting organizational policies and procedures that govern how conceptual and concrete objects are affected when defined and identified events occur. The ontological foundations for active information systems must include constructs that represent concrete and conceptual objects, their attributes, and the events that affect them. Events are a crucial component of conceptual models that represent active information systems. The representation of events must include ascribed attributes representing data values inherent in the event as well as rules defining how conceptual and concrete objects are affected when the event occurs. The state-history of an object can then be constructed and reconstructed by the sequence of events that have affected it. Alternate state-histories can be generated based on proposed or conjectured rule modifications, enabling a reinterpretation of history. Future states can be predicted based on proposed or conjectured events and event definitions. Such a conceptualization enables a parsimonious mapping between an active information system and the organizational system in which it participates.
A new energy-aware routing protocol for improving path stability in ad-hoc networks

Since mobile ad-hoc network usually consists of battery-operated nodes, load balancing for balanced energy consumption is important. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol to find the highest minimum node residual energy path among shortest paths for improving path stability in mobile ad-hoc networks. Using ns-3 simulation, we show that the proposed routing protocol provides more stable routing path than AODV and EA-AODV.
Frecuencia y factores relacionados con parálisis diafragmática posterior a la realización de bloqueos interescalénico, del tronco superior y supraclavicular, guiados por ultrasonido, en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá

Introduccion: Los bloqueos realizados por encima de la clavicula estan asociados a bloqueo del nervio frenico en diferentes grados conllevando a paralisis diafragmatica ipsilateral, estos comprenden bloqueo interescalenico, bloqueo supraclavicular y recientemente se ha descrito el bloqueo de tronco superior donde se administra anestesico local directamente en el tronco formado por las raices nerviosas de C5 y C6; este bloqueo supone ventajas debido a que requiere menor volumen para conseguir el efecto anestesico o analgesico. El objetivo fue estimar la frecuencia de paralisis diafragmatica y sus factores relacionados posterior al uso de bloqueos interescalenico, del tronco superior o supraclavicular, guiados por ultrasonido. Metodos: Estudio de tipo observacional en una cohorte de seguimiento para estimar la incidencia de paralisis diafragmatica y factores asociados con su desarrollo en pacientes llevados a cirugia de miembro superior, luego de bloqueos por encima de la clavicula guiados por ultrasonido. Resultados: Se incluyeron 66 pacientes. El bloqueo mas frecuentemente realizado fue el supraclavicular (n=38, 57,6%) seguido por el interescalenico (n= 20 30,3%) y por ultimo el del tronco superior (n=10, 15,2%). El volumen promedio fue de 21,29 ml (mediana 20 ml, minima 10 ml y maximo 40 ml). No hubo diferencias en el volumen utilizado segun los grupos de comparacion (mediana de 20 en los que presentaron paralisis diafragmatica vs mediana de 21 en los que no la desarrollaron). La paralisis diafragmatica se presento en el 39% (n=26). Del total de pacientes a los que se le realizo un bloqueo interescalenico (n=20), la mayoria presentaron paralisis diafragmatica asociada (n=14, 70%). De los pacientes con bloqueo del tronco superior (n=10), el 20% desarrollo paralisis secundaria (n=2). Finalmente, del total de pacientes con bloqueo supraclavicular (n=38), el 26,3% presento paralisis diafragmatica. El interescalenico se relaciono con el desarrollo de paralisis diafragmatica (RR: 6,61; IC95% 2,07 – 21,10; p=0,001). Conclusion: La incidencia de paralisis diafragmatica posterior al uso de bloqueo interescalenico, tronco superior y supraclavicular fue 70%, 20% y 26% respectivamente, sin embargo, la paralisis diafragmatica unilateral generalmente se comporta asintomatica y se evidencio en nuestro estudio. El bloqueo que mas se asocia a paralisis diafragmatica fue el interescalenico.
Dynamic Programming Deterministic And Stochastic Models

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MicroRNA-125b controls growth of ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovarian syndrome by modulating cyclin B1 expression

Introduction There is a lot of evidence that suggests that microRNAs (miRs) play an imperative role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was designed to decipher the role of miR-125b in PCOS pathogenesis. Material and methods Expression analysis of miR-125b was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the KGN ovarian granulosa cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. DAPI assay and flow cytometry were carried out for the detection of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution respectively. Protein levels were checked by immunoblotting. Results The miR-125b transcript levels were considerably high in polycystic ovaries and ovarian granulosa KGN cells. The inhibition of miR-125b expression decreased the viability of the KGN cells by arresting the cells at the G2/M check point. Target Scan analysis revealed cyclin B1 as the target of miR-125b and suppression of miR-125b caused considerable up-regulation of cyclin B1 expression. Like miR-125b inhibition, cyclin B1 silencing also inhibited the KGN cell viability via G2/M arrest. Ectopic expression of miR-125b was unable to nullify the effects of cyclin-B silencing on KGN cell viability but the overexpression of cyclin B1 nullified the effects of the miR-125b suppression on KGN cell proliferation. Conclusions Since miR-125b controls the proliferation rate of granulosa cells in polycystic ovaries, it might be addressed as a potential therapeutic target for PCOS patients
Acupuncture Can Increase Spermatogenic Cells in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed by Heatstroke

: Global warming is the newest condition that causes many re-emerging diseases. Heatstroke has been predicted as one of the global warming effects that made an important role in reproductive disease. Heatstroke with a high temperature in environmental conditions can potentially cause infertility, especially in physiological functions of the reproductive system. The objective of this study is to examine the potential of acupuncture in increasing spermatogenic cells and testosterone levels. Acupuncture therapy is expected to be an alternative solution for reducing body temperature and restoring the function of the reproductive system. In this study, 20 albino rats were used and divided into five treatments, wherein negative control group (C-) was not exposed to heatstroke and acupuncture and positive control group (C+) was exposed to heatstroke for 20 seconds. Treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) were exposed to heatstroke and acupuncture for 5; 10; and 20 seconds/rat/day. The acupuncture treatment has been performed on Wei-Jian and Ming-Men points for one week. The test was prepared with hematoxylin-eosin staining to evaluate spermatogenic cells. The blood serum collected for assay was standardized by testosterone ELISA kit. The data of spermatogenic cells and testosterone levels were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan test when there were significantly different results (p<0.05). The results showed that the spermatogenic cells of (C+) were significantly different (p<0.05) from those of T1, T2, and T3 and the testosterone levels of the treatment groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). It can be concluded that acupuncture can increase the quality of spermatogenic cells in the testis that has been exposed to heatstroke although it has no effects on testosterone level.