Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seafloor Substrate Characterization from Shallow Reefs to the Abyss: Spatially-continuous seafloor mapping using multispectral satellite imagery, and multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data within the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument and the Main Hawaiian Islands

The report discusses the development of classification approaches for predicting the presence of hardbottom seafloor substrates in shallow (0–30 m) and mesophotic to deeper-water environments (> 30 m). In both shallow and deeper-water environments, an unsupervised machine-learning approach (clustering) was utilized to classify the seafloor, employing available remote-sensing data for each environment. In shallow-water environments, high-resolution multispectral satellite imagery (WorldView-2) was used while ship-based multibeam sonar data were used to characterize deeper-water environments. The final classification approach for the deeper water environments incorporated backscatter data and three bathymetric derivatives, including slope, standard deviation, and relative distance to the mean in the clustering analysis. Backscatter is widely accepted as an important metric in detecting benthic habitat variation, and the addition of the combined bathymetric derivatives provided unique indicators of hardness that improved the accuracy of the substrate predictions. These methods are intended to be applied where suitable ground-truth data are not available (i.e., most of the U.S. Pacific Islands Region). Hard substrates serve as predictive surrogates for benthic biodiversity and abundance, and these map products provide environmental baseline information useful to further understanding of ecosystem
Modified-casted Appliance for Surgically-assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Clinical Report

Transverse maxilla-mandibular discrepancies are a major component of several malocclusions. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) is a common treatment modality for older patients in the correction of a maxillary transverse deficiency. In such cases, retention of the appliance plays an important role and this becomes a problem in patients having enamel hypoplasia. Therefore, the design was modified of a tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion appliance with provision for miniscrew skeletal anchorage in a Class II malocclusion case having anterior open bite with bilateral posterior crossbite and enamel hypoplasia.
MODIFIED PSO BASED QUALITY ENHANCED SERVICE SELECTION AND ORCHESTRATION

: The interconnected world has simplified several aspects of a processing system. The best of them being component reuse. Software components written by professionals can be reused in a system to incorporate required functionalities. Web services are such components facilitating reuse. However, due to the huge number of web services available in the repository, the process of selecting an appropriate service for the current requirement becomes challenging. The selection requirements do not demand best services, instead, they require optimal services. This paper presents a metaheuristic based solution for service selection and service optimization. Modified PSO is used for the selection and orchestration process. PSO is discretized and incorporated with catfish particles to eliminate the problem of local optima. It was observed from the experiments that the proposed modified PSO based service selection and orchestration performs effectively in terms of optimal selection and time.
UvA-DARE Negation and Alternatives in Conditional Antecedents

A number of authors, beginning with Alonso-Ovalle (2006), have used conditional antecedents to argue for the presence of alternatives in semantics. In this tradition, recent experimental work from Ciardelli et al. (2018b) and Schulz (2018) uses data from conditional antecedents to investigate the interaction between negation and alternatives. We contribute to this line of inquiry with an experiment to test a number of semantics of conditionals through their predictions on the relationship between alternatives and negation (namely, Fine, 2012; Alonso-Ovalle, 2006; Ciardelli et al., 2018b; Willer, 2018; Schulz, 2018). We ﬁnd experimental support for a variant of Schulz’s theory and against all other accounts we consider.
A Geospatial Approach to Assessing Water Stress in Africa

In this article we analyze a set of geographically-specific indicators of African water scarcity. These indicators at 6' (longitude x latitude) spatial resolution show that a significant fraction of the African population (40%) and its associated water demands are located in water-scarce regions with <100 mm yr runoff. The same fraction of African agricultural land is exposed to a climate where potential evapotranspiration exceeds annual rainfall. These areas show a large degree of intraand interannual variability in available water supply. Consequently, agricultural demand defines the aggregate water use for the continent. We anticipate that much of this demand is non-sustainable. Paradoxically, the mean annual relative water use stress index for most of the African population is low. To some degree, chronic seasonal shortages of water may be more critical; 200 million people (30%) are exposed to water stress for more than 10 months per year. River corridor discharge is critical in augmenting local runoff in arid regions, reducing the impact of climate variability, and improving access to water supply. This study demonstrates emerging capabilities from the geophysical side of the water scarcity question. A much-needed interaction between the biogeophysical and socioeconomic approaches is still of urgent necessity.
Efficacy of Dissolved Ozone against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus Microorganism

Ozone is a robust antimicrobial agent with numerous potential applications in the industry. Ozone, in either gaseous or aqueous phases is effective against the majority of microorganisms. Relatively low concentrations of ozone and short contact time are sufficient to inactivate bacteria and microorganism. This project investigated the efficacy of dissolved ozone against food-related microorganism. The ozone system was evaluated using the microbial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus and its clinical efficacy against ORP level for disinfection was determined. The results showed that 100% of S. aureus and B. cereus were eliminated by the dissolved ozone in tap water. In conclusion, the dissolved ozone has great efficacy, lower cost and shorter disinfection cycle. Thus, this low temperature, ozone-based disinfection is a green technique and is regarded as one of the most promising disinfection methods.
The Negation of Impossibility Abstract In 1951

In 1951 Kenneth Arrow published a book in which he proved that social choice was impossible. There was no way to amalgamate individual preference orderings into a social preference ordering in such a way that certain rational and normative conditions were met. Later Gibbard and Satterthwaite proved that any such amalgamation of individual preference orderings in which there was no advantage to any individual to use strategy to order their preferences insincerely in order to get a better result for themselves was impossible or led to the selection of a dictator. These impossibility theorems have been thought to rule out economic direct democracy and also welfare economics giving credibility to the implication that representative democracy and capitalist economics are the best systems that can be devised. Instead of simple amalgamation, we have devised a more general information processing system which accepts inputs from individual choosers as either preference orderings or ratings and outputs a social choice which may consist of one or more outcomes and can be in the form of either cardinal or ordinal information. This system is utility based but processes the information in such a way as to alleviate concerns about interpersonal comparisons of utility. It is a hybrid utilitarian approval choosing system. Instead of the individual choosers using strategy, the system itself maximizes the efficacy of each individual input thus disincentivising individuals from choosing insincerely. It also meets Arrow's five rational and normative conditions thus proving that social choice is not impossible. The result is that a utility based social choice system has been devised which negates both impossibility theorems and should give new life to welfare economics and economic direct democracy.
THE ITALIAN COASTS: HISTORICAL AND NEW RECORDS

In this paper we report a map of the distribution of B. lanceolatum along the Italian coasts updated with some recent records obtained partly from scientific papers (histor ical data), partly from grey literature and from the unpub lished data collected by C.I. B.M staff and collaborators (new records). This study revealed that this species is widely dis tributed along the Italian coast and colonises several locali ties in Ligurian (Cogoleto, Corniglia, Meloria Shoals), Tyrrhenian (Carini Bay, Ischia, Piombino, Sauna) and Adriatic Sea (Chioggia-Sdobba). Its finding in some new localities such as Piombino and Ostia suggests that it colonis es sites where strong human impact is evident and not only areas with high naturalistic value. According to different authors coarse sediments with low percentage of silt and clay are preferred by the Branchiostoma, but our findings sug gested that it can survive in sediment with a silt-clay fraction higher than 20% as well. In addition it was collected in a wider depth range than expected. This paper suggests that the B. lanceolatum is not so rare as recently though and not strictly associated to specific ecological constraints or habitat.
RISK FACTORS FOR MATERNAL

This dissertation addresses the question to what extent depressed and potentially suicidal mothers of young children (dpsmyc) might be experiencing ideation about including one or more of their children in a possible suicide attempt. This question will be approached from the vantage point of clinicians working with dpsmyc on an ongoing, outpatient basis. The possibility that a dpsmyc may not be sharing her ideation about maternal filicide-suicide (mfs) with her clinician, or only partially so, could be of key importance to the therapy. Therefore, the clinician needs to consider the causes for the lack of disclosure, as well as the consequences for everyone involved. Clinicians might also have to assess their own role and actions, and how they would be able to tell whether a dpsmyc might indeed be experiencing ideation about mfs, and what risk factors could be involved. This dissertation intends to shed some light on the aforementioned factors.
Efficient Precipitation Methods of Inulinase from Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus aquimaris Isolated from Jerusalem Artichoke

Inulinase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes inulin to oligosaccharide used in the food industry. Inulin is a source of fructose production using inulinase hydrolysis in one step. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a high inulin plant by accumulating inulin in tubers. Thus, the endophytic bacterium, Bacillus aquimaris was isolated from Jerusalem artichoke to determined inulinase activity. This bacterium produced high inulinase when grown in Luria Bertani medium containing 1% inulin as the carbon and energy source with incubation temperature at 37◦C for 20 hours and shaking speed of 150 rpm. The crude enzyme showed specific inulinase activities at 1.61 U/mg protein after incubation at 55◦C for 20 min in the presence of the inulin substrate. The suitable method of enzyme concentration was studied in this work for purification and characterization in further. There were four methods for protein precipitation using ammonium sulfate, ethanol, butanol, and 2-steps of salt and alcohol. The best-precipitated protein method was 50% of ethanol, giving 53% protein recovery with specific activity at 26.21 U/mg. This method was efficient with inulinase not only protein concentration but also protein purification (16.24 fold).
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Changes in Lifestyle among Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

A BSTRACT Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly common, primarily because of increases in the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Whether type 2 diabetes can be prevented by interventions that affect the lifestyles of subjects at high risk for the disease is not known. Methods We randomly assigned 522 middle-aged, overweight subjects (172 men and 350 women; mean age, 55 years; mean body-mass index [weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 31) with impaired glucose tolerance to either the intervention group or the control group. Each subject in the intervention group received individualized counseling aimed at reducing weight, total intake of fat, and intake of saturated fat and increasing intake of fiber and physical activity. An oral glucose-tolerance test was performed annually; the diagnosis of diabetes was confirmed by a second test. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.2 years. Results The mean (±SD) amount of weight lost between base line and the end of year 1 was 4.2±5.1 kg in the intervention group and 0.8±3.7 kg in the control group; the net loss by the end of year 2 was 3.5±5.5 kg in the intervention group and 0.8±4.4 kg in the control group (P<0.001 for both comparisons between the groups). The cumulative incidence of diabetes after four years was 11 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 to 15 percent) in the intervention group and 23 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 29 percent) in the control group. During the trial, the risk of diabetes was reduced by 58 percent (P<0.001) in the intervention group. The reduction in the incidence of diabetes was directly associated with changes in lifestyle. Conclusions Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by changes in the lifestyles of high-risk subjects. (N Engl J Med 2001;344:1343-50.)
Pathogenesis and prevention of graft-versus-host disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been the primary limitation to the wider application of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. GVHD occurs when donor T cells react to host antigens on antigen-presenting cells and attack host tissues, with sequential activation of donor T cells and monocytes and macrophages. The net effects of dysregulated cytokine production in this complex system are the severe inflammatory manifestations that we recognize as clinical acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD, which occurs later than day 100 after bone marrow transplant, has distinctive clinical and pathologic manifestations that mimic autoimmune disease, although its exact pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Current experimental approaches to preventing acute GVHD include induction of tolerance either by inducing mixed chimerism with reduced conditioning or by blunting the initial interactions of donor T cells through the blockade of costimulatory molecules, thereby interrupting the undesirable inflammatory aspects of GVHD.
Search for Galactic point-sources of EeV neutrons

The Pierre Auger Observatory has sensitivity to neutron flux es produced at cosmic ray acceleration sites in the Galaxy. Because of relativistic time dilation, the neut ron mean decay length is (9.2 × E) kpc, whereE is the neutron energy in EeV. A blind search over the field of view of t he Auger Observatory for a point-like excess yields no statistically significant candidates. The neutron flux up per limit is reported as a celestial function for three diffe rent energy thresholds. Also a search for excesses of cosmic rays in the direction of selected populations of candidate Galac tic sources is performed. The bounds obtained constrain models for persistent discrete sources of EeV cosmic rays in the Galaxy.
Mental Health in Emergency Medical Clinicians: Burnout, STS, Sleep Disorders. A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Multicentric Study

Emergency medicine specialists’ mental and physical health may be threatened if they experience burnout, sleep disorders, and secondary traumatic stress (STS). We aimed to investigate whether Emergency Medical Services (EMs) professionals’ mental and physical health status, depression, and anxiety are associated with burnout, STS, and sleep disorders. We hypothesized that burnout, STS, and the severity of sleep disorders would raise the risk of impaired mental, and physical health, depression, and anxiety in emergency medical clinicians. A cross-sectional multicentric study was conducted. In total,178 EMs specialists completed validated surveys to assess mental health complaints (Mental Health Inventory, MHI-5 screening test), physical health complaints (Ware scale), depression, and anxiety (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-DASS), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-general survey, MBI-GS), sleep disorders (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), and STS (STS scale). This study aimed to analyze the influence that work-related factors can have on EMs specialists’ mental and physical health, depression, and anxiety. Specifically, mental health was predicted by exhaustion (β = 0.16), cynicism (β = 0.21), insomnia severity (β = 0.13), and STS (β = 0.35); physical health was predicted by exhaustion (β = 0.33) and insomnia severity (β = 0.18); depression was predicted by cynicism (β = 0.21) and STS (β = 0.46); and anxiety was predicted by STS (β = 0.63) and inefficacy (β = 0.20). Work-related stress symptoms such as burnout, STS, and sleep disorders were found to predict emergency medicine clinicians’ mental and physical health, as well to increase the risk of depression and anxiety. It is of most importance to develop practices to prevent such symptoms and to promote mental health and well-being among the emergency medicine personnel.
CONTINUITY PROPERTIES OF PRANDTL-ISHLINSKII OPERATORS IN THE SPACE OF REGULATED FUNCTIONS

It is well known that the Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis operator is locally Lipschitz continuous in the space of continuous functions provided its primary response curve is convex or concave. This property can easily be extended to any absolutely continuous primary response curve with derivative of locally bounded variation. Under the same condition, the Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator in the Kurzweil integral setting is locally Lipschitz continuous also in the space of regulated functions. This paper shows that the Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator is still continuous if the primary response curve is only monotone and continuous, and that it may not even be locally Hölder continuous for continuously differentiable primary response curves.
Employing attack graphs for intrusion detection

Intrusion detection systems are a commonly deployed defense that examines network traffic, host operations, or both to detect attacks. However, more attacks bypass IDS defenses each year, and with the sophistication of attacks increasing as well, we must examine new perspectives for intrusion detection. Current intrusion detection systems focus on known attacks and/or vulnerabilities, limiting their ability to identify new attacks, and lack the visibility into all system components necessary to confirm attacks accurately, particularly programs. To change the landscape of intrusion detection, we propose that future IDSs track how attacks evolve across system layers by adapting the concept of attack graphs. Attack graphs were proposed to study how multi-stage attacks could be launched by exploiting known vulnerabilities. Instead of constructing attacks reactively, we propose to apply attack graphs proactively to detect sequences of events that fulfill the requirements for vulnerability exploitation. Using this insight, we examine how to generate modular attack graphs automatically that relate adversary accessibility for each component, called its attack surface, to flaws that provide adversaries with permissions that create threats, called attack states, and exploit operations from those threats, called attack actions. We evaluate the proposed approach by applying it to two case studies: (1) attacks on file retrieval, such as TOCTTOU attacks, and (2) attacks propagated among processes, such as attacks on Shell-shock vulnerabilities. In these case studies, we demonstrate how to leverage existing tools to compute attack graphs automatically and assess the effectiveness of these tools for building complete attack graphs. While we identify some research areas, we also find several reasons why attack graphs can provide a valuable foundation for improving future intrusion detection systems.
Non-verbal Social Robot-Human Interaction

This thesis discusses the concretization and implementation of a simulation of an autonomous, mobile tour guide robot. The robot has a non-anthroxmorphic shape, and is equipped with an omni-directional camera on top of it. The robot gives its tour by sequentially visiting a list of target positions which it receives beforehand. All interactions with the public that are involved in the tour will take place by movement of the robot's body and its occupation of the space. The communication with the people will be of an implicit, yet expressive actionbased type. Without having a human form, it must display certain 'gestures' that are general and at the same time convincing enough to be understood by the human observer. This form of non-verbal dialogue can make use of so-called social norms and conventions. An example of this kind is proxemics, the social use of space. Knowing how to stand in line, walking through a crowded hallway etc, are examples of this. The behaviours are implemented on BRIAN, a multi-layered behaviour architecture that makes use of fuzzy logic in its reasoning process.
Potencjalna rola peptydów antydrobnoustrojowych oraz witaminy D w leczeniu Bacterial Vaginosis

Streszczenie Waginoza bakteryjna to beztlenowe zaka¿enie bakteryjne pochwy, wystêpuj1ce z manifestacj1 objawów lub bez. G3ównym czynnikiem wp3ywaj1cym na kolonizacjê bakteriami betlenowymi jest anatomiczna bliskoœæ jelitowego Ÿród3a bakterii oraz zanik fizjologicznych pa3eczek kwasu mlekowego. Niski poziom witaminy D mo¿e powodowaæ wzrost ryzyka wyst1pienia Bacterial Vaginosis u kobiet ciê¿arnych. Niedobór witaminy D u kobiet ciê¿arnych oraz noworodków w Polsce jest bardzo czêsty w zwi1zku z s3ab1 ekspozycj1 na s3oñce w tej szerokoœci geograficznej (49-55 N) oraz zbyt niskim spo¿yciem tej witaminy przez kobiety ciê¿arne w diecie. Przypuszcza siê, i¿ kalcytriol wykazuje poœrednie dzia3anie p/bakteryjne. Wykazano, ¿e suplementacja witaminy D u pacjentów mo¿e efektywnie zwiêkszaæ produkcjê m.in. katelicydyny. Defensyny i katelicydyny nale¿1 do peptydów antydrobnoustrojowych (PAD), nazywane s1 tak¿e naturalnymi antybiotykami. W przypadku potwierdzenia zale¿noœci miêdzy niedoborem witaminy D, spadkiem poziomu bia3ek mikrobowych a wzrostem wystêpowania zaka¿eñ dróg rodnych, a co za tym idzie wzrostem czêstoœci porodów przedwczesnych istnieje mo¿liwoœæ suplementacji u kobiet z wy3onionej grupy ryzyka w tani i ogólnodostêpny sposób, maj1c na uwadze, i¿ dotychczas stosowane metody leczenia BV w ci1¿y nie przynios3y wymiernego efektu. S3owa kluczowe: witamina D; katelicydyna; defensyny; waginoza bakteryjna