Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognising our role: improved confidence of general nurses providing care to young people with a mental illness in a rural paediatric unit.

OBJECTIVE To implement and evaluate strategies suggested by general nurses to improve management of children and adolescents with mental health problems admitted to a paediatric unit of a general hospital. BACKGROUND The first phase of a study using a Participatory Action Research approach identified several concerns associated with general nurses providing care to young people with mental disorders in paediatric units of general hospitals, together with suggestions for strategies to address these issues. This paper describes the second and third phase of the Participatory Action Research study, involving the implementation and evaluation of these strategies. DESIGN Participatory Action Research. METHODS Actions that occurred during phase two of the Participatory Action Research study included revision and introduction of policies and procedures for mental health care in the unit, education and training sessions for paediatric nursing staff and opportunities to strengthen communication between existing mental health services. In phase three, two focus groups were conducted to explore current perceptions of mental health care delivery in the unit and evaluate change, following phase two. RESULTS Changes in clinical practice for paediatric mental health care were acknowledged by participants. Reflection has assisted nurses to better understand their strengths and weaknesses and to acknowledge and challenge the assumptions on which their ideas, feelings and actions about patients with mental health issues are based. Participants also recognised the existing skills and expertise they possess that are relevant to the management of young people with a mental health problem, although they continue to seek ongoing education and support in this field. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that through Participatory Action Research it is possible to enhance mental health nursing care in a rural paediatric unit. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Such changes have the potential to improve the experience of young people and their families whilst receiving treatment for mental health conditions in a general paediatric unit.
Chemical basis of rough and smooth variation in mycobacteria

Rough and smooth colony variants of Mycobacterium kansasii were compared with respect to surface glycolipid composition. Thin-layer chromatography of the native glycolipid antigens, gas chromatography of the constituent sugars, and in situ probing with an appropriate monoclonal antibody by colony dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunogold labeling demonstrated that all M. kansasii strains of smooth colony morphology contain on their surfaces the recently described trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides, whereas all rough variants were devoid of such surface antigens. Yet all strains, rough and smooth, contained another glycolipid, the M. kansasii-specific phenolic glycolipid. Previous studies by others had shown that the rough forms of M. kansasii persist longer than smooth variants in experimentally infected mice. Therefore, this study may provide some insight into the question of the chemical basis of pathogenesis in certain mycobacteria.
Hemin-Dependent Modulation of the Lipid A Structure of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide

ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periopathogen strongly associated with the development of adult-type periodontitis. Both the virulence characteristics of periopathogens and host-related factors are believed to contribute to periodontitis. P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) displays a significant amount of lipid A structural heterogeneity, containing both penta- and tetra-acylated lipid A structures. However, little is known concerning how the lipid A structural content of P. gingivalis is regulated. Alterations in the lipid A content may facilitate the ability of P. gingivalis to modulate the innate host response to this bacterium. In this report, it is shown that the concentration of hemin in the growth medium significantly modulates the lipopolysaccharide lipid A structural content of P. gingivalis. Hemin is a key microenvironmental component of gingival cervicular fluid which is believed to vary depending upon the state of vascular ulceration. At low hemin concentrations, one major penta-acylated lipid A structure was found, whereas at high concentrations of hemin, multiple tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A structures were observed. Hemin concentrations, not iron acquisition, were responsible for the alterations in the lipid A structural content. The modifications of the lipid A structural content were independent of the LPS extraction procedure and occurred in a variety of laboratory strains as well as a freshly obtained clinical isolate. The known hemin binding proteins Kgp and HmuR contributed to the lipid A modulation sensing mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that hemin, a clinically relevant microenvironmental component for P. gingivalis, can modulate the lipid A structure found in a bacterium. Since tetra- and penta-acylated P. gingivalis lipid A structures have opposing effects on Toll-like receptor 4 activation, the alteration of the lipid A structural content may have significant effects on the host response to this bacterium.
Experimental demonstration of soliton transmission over 28 Mm using mostly normal dispersion fiber

We report on stable soliton propagation experiments in a fiber transmission system consisting of more than 90% normal dispersion fiber. The transmission system has a dispersion map much like that used in nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) pulse transmission but with a path-average anomalous dispersion of +0.1 ps/nm-km. A stable soliton pulse train at 8 GHz has been observed after 28 Mm of propagation in a 108-km recirculating fiber-optic loop. A significant enhancement in the average soliton power required for stable transmission in a dispersion map with alternating signs of dispersion is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Theoretical modeling of our experiment is in good agreement with our findings.
NBTI tolerant 4T double-gate SRAM design

In this paper, we propose 4T FinFET SRAM cells which are robust against NBTI effect. The cells, which only use NMOS or PMOS transistors in their structures, are called 4TLLFBNO and 4TDLFBPO, respectively. The simulation results at iso-area design reveal that 4TLLFBNO has the highest read current and 4TDLFBPO has the least power consumption among different cells. Both cells are expected to be robust for at least 3 years against the NBTI degradation considering the read and hold SNMs. Read current is also not degraded considerably in comparison with previous cells. The cells have good write SNM and write time and outperform the pervious cells in terms of the maximum number of cells per column without degrading by NBTI effect.
Nephrotic syndrome among children in Kano: a clinicopathological study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinicopathological features of children with nephrotic syndrome seen in a pediatric nephrology unit in northern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS All children less than 15 years of age who had nephrotic syndrome and who had been subjected to renal biopsy at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, were studied. Their histologic diagnoses were evaluated alongside clinical and other laboratory parameters. RESULTS Twenty children, 17 males and three females, were studied. These represented 55% of all children with nephrotic syndrome seen in the pediatric nephrology unit during the study period, the rest of which have never had renal biopsies. Peak age was 7-8 years (range 2.5-13 years). Fourteen of the 20 children (70%) had previously been on steroid treatment. Of these, 11 (55%) were classified to be steroid resistant and three (15%) were frequent relapsers. Six (30%) children were newly diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and had not commenced steroid treatment. Hypertension was found in seven (35%) children. Sixteen children (80%) had microscopic hematuria on presentation. The most common histopathological diagnosis was focal glomerulosclerosis in nine (45%) children (segmental = 8; global = 1). Minimal change disease was found in four children (20%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in three children (15%), membranous nephropathy in three children (15%), and diffuse mesangial hypercellularity in one child (5%). Of the six children who had renal biopsy before commencement of steroid treatment, three (50%) were found to have glomerulosclerosis. CONCLUSION Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common histological subtype diagnosed in Kano among children with nephrotic syndrome in this study.
Carcinoma cells activate AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent autophagy as survival response to kaempferol-mediated energetic impairment

Kaempferol, a dietary cancer chemopreventive polyphenol, has been reported to trigger apoptosis in several tumor histotypes, but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that, in HeLa cells, kaempferol induces energetic failure due to inhibition of both glucose uptake and Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. As adaptive response, cells activate autophagy, the occurrence of which was established cytofluorometrically, upon acridine orange staining, and immunochemically, by following the increase of the autophagolysosome-associated form of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II). Autophagy is an early and reversible process occurring as survival mechanisms against apoptosis. Indeed, chemical inhibition of autophagy, by incubations with monensin, wortmannin, 3-methyladenine, or by silencing Atg5, significantly increases the extent of apoptosis, which takes place via the mitochondrial pathway, and shortens the time at which the apoptotic markers are detectable. We also demonstrate that autophagy depends on the early activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR-mediated pathway. The over-expression of dominant negative AMPK results in a decrease of autophagic cells, a decrement of LC3-II levels, and a significant increase of apoptosis. Experiments performed with another carcinoma cell line yielded the same results, suggesting for kaempferol a unique mechanism of action.
TEDS: A Trusted Entropy and Dempster Shafer Mechanism for Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for the next generation of wireless networking due to its self-forming, self-organizing and self-healing properties. However, due to the multi-hop nature of communications in WMN, we cannot assume that all nodes in the network are cooperative. Nodes may drop all of the data packets they received to mount a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. In this paper, we proposed a lightweight trust detection mechanism called Trusted Entropy and Dempster Shafer (TEDS) to mitigate the effects of blackhole attacks. This novel idea combines entropy function and Dempster Shafer belief theory to derive a trust rating for a node. If the trust rating of a node is less than a threshold, it will be blacklisted and isolated from the network. In this way, the network can be assured of a secure end to end path free of malicious nodes for data forwarding. Our proposed idea has been extensively tested in simulation using network simulator NS-3 and simulation results show that we are able to improve the packet delivery ratio with slight increase in normalized routing overhead.
A Retrospective Study of the Results of the Best Portuguese Female Gymnasts in a Period of 40 Years

The main objective of this study was to determine whether the Portuguese female gymnasts who achieved the highest results at senior level had also obtained results equally important in the early stages of their sporting careers, looking further to analyze the possible relation between those results would be different depending on the representativeness of the results achieved in seniors. Additionally, it also was purpose of this study to examine the longevity of their sporting careers, considering the times in which they obtained their first and the latest high-level sport results. To this end, it were analyzed the paths of all female gymnasts (n = 67) who represented the national team of Portugal in official competitions at senior level between 1971 and 2011 and formed three groups, depending on the highest level of international competition they represented Portugal. In general, when considering the results of all the gymnasts seemed evident that, throughout their different stages of their sport careers, almost all succeeded places in the top six places in the overall classification of nationwide competitions in all age groups. However, the results also showed that athletes who have reached the highest sport results in the highest stage of their careers (i.e., participating in the Olympic Games) had already obtained better results than their competitors at the beginning of their careers. Similarly, it was found that the sports careers of these athletes showed the longest periods between the first and the last high level sports results. These results seem therefore stress the importance of paying attention to athletes who excel early, as well as for the benefit of developing programs for detection and selection of talent in early ages, at least in artistic gymnastics. However, it is also important to alert to the need to know precisely how many are the gymnasts who, despite having shown talent at an early stage of their sporting careers, achieving outstanding sporting results, cannot later maintain that athletic performance in later stages of their careers.
DETERMINANTS OF ISLAMIC BANK PROFITABILITY IN MALAYSIA

The elementary concepts of modern Islamic banking date back to the mid 1940s. Models for Islamic banking appeared in the mid-1950s, but comprehensive and detailed concepts for interestfree banking only appeared in the late 1960s. The political environment during that time almost all Muslim countries were hardly favorable for a change in the entire system of banking and finance. In fact, the first experiment in Islamic banking was set up undercover in Mit Ghamr, Egypt in 1963. The model for the experiment was the German Savings bank modified to comply with Islamic principles; it was barred from charging and paying interest. Nevertheless, the charter of the Bank did not refer to Shariah. Beginning in 1974, several Islamic banks have been established which include Dubai Islamic Bank in 1975, Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan in 1977, Faisal Islamic Egyptian Bank and Islamic Bank of Jordan in 1978, Islamic Bank of Bahrain in 1979, the International Islamic Bank of Investment and Development, Luxembourg in 1980 and BIMB in 1983. Today, there are more than a hundred financial institutions which claim to be operating partially or fully on an interestfree basis in 34 countries. Islamic banks are now playing an increasingly significant role in their respective markets. To this end, Islamic banks are rapidly gaining market shares in their domestic economies and their presence in highly sophisticated markets exemplifies the empirical success of the viability of eliminating fixed interest payments from financial transactions. Indeed, consolidation among banks, rising competition and continuous innovation to provide financial services, all contribute to a growing interest in a detailed critical evaluation of Islamic banks. Base on BNM latest statistic, there have seventeen Islamic Bank Institutions and six full fledge Foreign Islamic Bank that licensed by Bank Negara Malaysia which are Al-Rajhi Banking & Investment Corporation, Kuwait Finance House Berhad, Asian Finance Bank Berhad, HSBC Amanah (M) Berhad, OCBC AlAmin Berhad and Standard Chartered Saadiq Berhad.
The polarized epithelia‐specific μ1B‐adaptin complements μ1A‐deficiency in fibroblasts

The heterotetrameric AP‐1A adaptor complex of clathrin‐coated vesicles is ubiquitously expressed. The μ1‐adaptin subunit of the complex exists as the ubiquitous μ1A and the polarized epithelia‐specific μ1B, which are 80% identical. In polarized epithelia, μ1B is incorporated into the AP‐1B complex, which is required for basolateral plasma membrane sorting of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor. Binding of AP‐1B to subdomains of the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) appears to be part of the mechanism by which protein sorting is mediated. We expressed μ1B in μ1A‐deficient fibroblasts to test for μ1B function in non‐polarized cells. AP‐1B complexes were formed and bound to the TGN and to endosomes. Moreover, AP‐1B restored the AP‐1A‐dependent sorting of mannose 6‐phosphate receptors between endosomes and the TGN. This demonstrates that μ1A and μ1B do have overlapping sorting functions and indicates that AP‐1A and AP‐1B mediate protein sorting along parallel pathways between the TGN and endosomes in polarized epithelia.
Viewpoint: what do researchers know about the global business environment?

Highlights the dearth of research on the range of issues surrounding the international environment and the impact on international marketing. Such issues concern trade and investment liberalization and protectionism, the role of multilateral institutions and the NGOs, and country, sector and company analyses. A research agenda is proposed. Suggests company studies (the impacts on the firm of the evolution of regulation and liberalization in different company or regional markets); country studies (impact of government intervention in international trade and investment); government assistance and support: multilateral institutions (how theses affect trade and investment relations); non‐governmental organizations (how they implement international marketing strategies).
High speed fingerprint recognition method

In this paper we intend to propose a high-speed method for fingerprint recognition based on minutiae matching, which, unlike conventional minutiae matching algorithms, also takes into account region and line structures that exist between minutiae pairs, allowing getting more structural information of the fingerprint and resulting in stronger and more accurate matching of minutiae.
Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effect of Curcumin and TRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis inducing Ligand) in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemic Cells.

INTRODUCTION Curcumin, traditionally utilized as a flavouring zest as a part of Indian cooking, has been accounted to decrease the proliferation potential of most cancer cells. Apoptosis is a mechanism by which most anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, radiation and antihormonal therapy kill tumour/cancer cells. Novel agents that may sensitize drug-resistant tumour cells for induction of apoptosis by customary treatments could lead to the regression and improved prognosis of the refractory disease. Indeed, chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to sensitize cancer cells to killing by death ligands such as tumour necrosis factor-α. AIM To investigate cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect of curcumin in chronic myeloid leukaemic cell line KCL-22. MATERIALS AND METHODS In present study, different doses of curcumin (10,25,50,75,100μM) and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (25,50 μM) alone and combine regimen were exposed to myeloid leukaemic cell KCL-22. The cell viability was monitored by MTT assay, apoptotic activity by binding of Annexin V-FITC using fluorescence microscopy and cell cycle check points by flow cytometry. RESULTS Cytotoxic assay revealed that curcumin and TRAIL induced both dose and time-dependent decrease in cell viability. Significant cell cytotoxicity was seen in combine regimen of both curcumin and TRAIL at 48 h of exposure. Cells treated with curcumin and TRAIL was arrested at the S phase, as revealed by flow cytometric analysis. Subtoxic concentrations of the curcumin-TRAIL combination induced strong apoptotic response in KCL-22 cells as demonstrated by the binding of Annexin V-FITC. CONCLUSION Our study conclude that curcumin inhibits the cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and enhance the therapeutic potential of TRAIL which recommends that both curcumin alone or in combination with TRAIL might be useful for leukaemic prevention and better therapeutic responses.
The larvae of some blowflies of medical and veterinary importance

Abstract. Diagnostic features are described as a series of couplets that enable separation of the third instar larvae of the following pairs of closely related forms of blowflies of medical and veterinary importance: Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) and Ch.putoria (Wiedemann), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and Ch.rufifacies (Macquart), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and Co.macellaria (Fabricius), Lucilia sericata (Mergen) and L.cuprina (Wiedemann), Calliphora augur (Fabricius) and C.stygia (Fabricius).
vac2: a yeast mutant which distinguishes vacuole segregation from Golgi‐to‐vacuole protein targeting.

We have isolated four yeast mutants that are unable to partition maternal vacuoles into growing buds. Three of these vacuole segregation (vac) mutants also mislocalize the vacuolar protease carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) to the cell surface, a phenotype previously reported for vac strains. A fourth mutant, vac2‐1, exhibits a temperature‐sensitive defect in vacuole segregation but does not show a defect in protein targeting from the Golgi apparatus to the vacuole. Haploid vac2‐1 cells grown at the non‐permissive temperature do not secrete CPY or a second vacuolar protease, proteinase A (PrA). Furthermore, newly synthesized precursors of CPY are converted to mature forms with similar kinetics in both vac2‐1 and wild‐type cells. In addition, invertase is secreted normally from vac2‐1 cells, indicating that post‐Golgi steps in the secretory pathway are not blocked in this mutant. These results suggest that VAC2 function is necessary for vacuole division and segregation in yeast but is not involved in vacuole protein sorting events at the Golgi apparatus.
Estimating multidimensional poverty and identifying poor households in Kano state

This paper critically examines the multidimensional poverty in Kano State using Alkire and Foster (2007) family of measures which provides an alternative measurement of multidimensional poverty. The method allows the identification of households as poor or otherwise using two steps analysis (i.e. the identification step and aggregation step). The paper also investigates the robustness of Alkire and Foster family of measures to change in poverty line and its sensitivity to change in weight for different dimensions. The paper further investigates the probability of household to be poor using logistic regression model. The results of the analysis are decomposed by location of residence (rural and urban). Results of the research in Kano State revealed that there is high level of poverty among the households. Poverty in the area cut across both social and economic deprivations. The most contributing factors to multidimensional poverty are sanitation (14.96%) and fuel used for cooking (14.59%). Others are child health (12.92%), housing condition (11.68%) and education of the household head (11.02%). This contribution differ between rural and urban areas. Results in the rural and urban areas showed that the resulting models are dissimilar and confirm the known fact that there is wider inequality between the urban and rural areas. The model is significant at 0.5 level as p-value is <0.000. Location of the household have higher odd ratio (9.03) of household to be poor. Hence, households in rural area have higher possibilities of being poor than their urban counterparts. The findings will be valuable for planning.