Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparision of Microleakage Between Conventional Glass-Ionomer , Light Cured Glass-Ionomer , Cermet And Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( White ) Used As A Coronal Barrier in Nonvital Bleaching – An in Vitro Study

Freshly extracted 80 intact, non-carious single rooted human maxillary central incisors that were extracted for periodontal reasons within six months period of start of the study were collected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The root canals were instrumented using a step-back technique. Obturation was done with cold lateral compaction method using Gutta-Percha. Peeso reamer no 4 was used to remove the Gutta-Percha upto 3mm below the CEJ. The teeth were randomly allocated into four groups with twenty teeth in each group as follows: GroupA :Conventional glass ionomer cement. GroupB :Light cured glass ionomer cement. GroupC :Glass cermet. GroupD :White mineral trioxide aggregate. The teeth were stored for 3 days. Then Cavit G and cotton pellets were removed and replaced with new cotton pellets wetted with fresh bleaching agents. This process was repeated three times. Then pulp chamber was rinsed with distilled water and dried. Two layers of nail varnish was applied over the tooth surfaces except for access cavity margins and then immersed in 1%methylene blue dye for 72 hrs. The teeth were then washed and split longitudinally with a diamond disc using a water coolant. The depth of dye penetration was examined under a stereomicroscope (20X) to evaluate the roots for the extent of coronal microleakage. The results were then analysed statistically using one way ANOVA and Post HOC Tukey’s test. Comparison of coronal dye microleakage showed mean coronal dye microleakage values of 2.61mm with a standard deviation of 0.06 for conventional glass ionomer cement, 1.79 mm with a standard deviation of 0.09 for light cure glass ionomer cement, 3.44mm with a standard deviation of 0.24 for glass cermet and 1.28 mm with a standard deviation of 0.41 for mineral trioxide aggregate (white). The marginal adaptation in terms of coronal dye microleakage can be summarized as: White mineral trioxide aggregate > light cure glass ionomer cement > conventional glass ionomer cement > glass cermet.
Machine vision applications in agriculture

Keynote paper. [Abstract]: With the trend of computers towards convergence with multimedia entertainment, tools for vision processing are becoming commonplace. This has led to the pursuit of a host of unusual applications in the National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, in addition to work on vision guidance. These range from the identification of animal species, through the location of macadamia nuts as they are harvested and visual tracking for behaviour analysis of small marsupials to the measurement of the volume of dingo teeth.
The families of pathogenesis-related proteins, their activities, and comparative analysis of PR-1 type proteins

In incompatible host-pathogen interactions, damage caused by the pathogen remains restricted as a result of the plant's defensive response. Most effective is the hypersensitive reaction, in which the cells around the infection site rapidly necrose. This response is associated with a coordinated and integrated set of metabolic alterations that are instrumental in impeding further pathogen ingress, as well as in enhancing the capacity of the host to limit subsequent infection by different types of pathogens [27, 77]. Altered ion fluxes across the plant cell membrane, generation of active oxygen species, changes in the phosphorylation state of regulatory proteins and transcriptional activation of plant defense systems culminate in cell death at the site of infection, local accumulation of phytoalexins and cell wall rigidification as a result of callose, lignin and suberin deposition [31, 89]. In addition, various novel proteins are induced which are collectively referred to as ``pathogenesis-related proteins '' (PRs). These PRs, defined as proteins coded for by the host plant but induced specifically in pathological or related situations [4, 81], do not only accumulate locally in the infected leaf, but are also induced systemically, associated with the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against further infection by fungi, bacteria and viruses. Induction of PRs has been found in many plant species belonging to various families [78], suggestive of a general role for these proteins in adaptation to biotic stress conditions. SAR, likewise, is a generally occurring phenomenon, that engenders an enhancement of the defensive capacity of plants in response to necrotizing infections [70]. Since some of the tobacco PRs were identified as chitinases [45] and b-1,3-glucanases [38] with potential antifungal activity, it has often been suggested that the collective set of PRs may be effective in inhibiting pathogen growth, multiplication and/or spread, and be responsible for the state of SAR [42, 65]. Originally, five main classes of PRs (PR-1-5) were characterized by both biochemical and molecular-biological techniques in tobacco [9, 80]. Thereupon, in 1994 a unifying nomenclature for PRs was proposed based on their grouping into families sharing amino acid sequences, serological relationship, and/or enzymatic or biological activity. By then 11 families (PR-1--11) were recognized and classified for tobacco and tomato [81] (cf. Table 1). Criteria used for the inclusion of new families of PRs were that (i) protein(s) must be induced by a pathogen in tissues that do not normally express the protein(s), and (ii) induced expression must have been shown to occur in at least two different plant-pathogen combinations, or expression in a single plant-pathogen combination must have been confirmed independently in diaerent laboratories.
Internal energy dependence in x-ray-induced molecular fragmentation: An experimental and theoretical study of thiophene

A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of the dynamics leading to fragmentation of doubly ionized molecular thiophene is presented. Dissociation of double-ionized molecules was induced by S $2p$ core photoionization and the ionic fragments were detected in coincidence with Auger electrons from the core-hole decay. Rich molecular dynamics was observed in electron-ion-ion coincidence maps exhibiting ring breaks accompanied by hydrogen losses and/or migration. The probabilities of various dissociation channels were seen to be very sensitive to the internal energy of the molecule. Theoretical simulations were performed by using the semiempirical self-consistent charge-density-functional tight-binding method. By running thousands of these simulations, the initial conditions encountered in the experiment were properly taken into account, including the systematic dependencies on the internal (thermal) energy. This systematic approach, not affordable with first-principle methods, provides a good overall description of the complex molecular dynamics observed in the experiment and shows good promise for applicability to larger molecules or clusters, thus opening the door to systematic investigations of complex dynamical processes occurring in radiation damage.
Spatio-temporal trends in stock mixing of eastern and western Baltic cod in the Arkona Basin and the implications for recruitment

In the Baltic Sea, two genetically distinct cod populations occur, the eastern and the western Baltic cod. Since 2006, cod abundance has increased substantially in the Arkona Basin (SD 24), the potential mixing area between the two stocks management areas, presumably due to spill-over from the eastern stock. In this study, the spatio-temporal dynamics of stock mixing were analysed using shape analysis of archived otoliths. Further, the impact of eastern cod immigration on recruitment in the western Baltic Sea was investigated using hydrographic drift modelling. The percentage of eastern Baltic cod in the Arkona Basin increased from ca. 30% before 2005 to >80% in recent years. Geographic patterns in stock mixing with a pronounced east–west trend suggest that immigration occurs north of Bornholm, but propagates throughout the Arkona Basin. The immigration cannot be attributed to spawning migration, as no seasonal trend in stock mixing was observed. Based on environmental threshold levels for egg survival and time-series of hydrography data, the habitat suitable for successful spawning of eastern cod was estimated to range between 20 and 50% of the maximum possible habitat size, limited by primarily low salinity. Best conditions occurred irregularly in May–end June, interspersed with years where successful spawning was virtually impossible. Using a coupled hydrodynamic modelling and particle-tracking approach, the drift and survival of drifters representing eastern cod eggs was estimated. On average, 19% of the drifters in the Arkona Basin survive to the end of the yolk-sac stage, with mortality primarily after bottom contact due to low salinity. The general drift direction of the surviving larvae was towards the east. Therefore, it is the immigration of eastern cod, rather than larval transport, that contributes to cod recruitment in the western Baltic Sea.
Vertical stretching and crustal thickening at Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalaya: A model for distributed continental deformation during mountain building

The localization of strain in the continental crust during compressional tectonics is examined using the active structures at the Nanga Parbat massif, an exhumed tract of Indian continental crust in the Pakistan Himalaya. This large‐scale (∼40 km wavelength) structure is considered to involve the whole crust. Thrusting at the modern surface places gneisses of the Indian continental crust onto Holocene deposits. At the Raikhot transect, the thrust zone carries a relatively narrow (2 km wide) shear zone within which minor structures are asymmetric and the deformation apparently noncoaxial. However, modeling of foliation and augen preferred orientation/ellipticity suggests that the bulk deformation is a combination of relatively small simple shear strains (γ = 1) with larger stretching strains. Heterogeneous stretching within the shear zone was accommodated by localized shearing on metabasic layers so that strain is partitioned. Outside this shear zone on the transect there is penetrative deformation throughout the Nanga Parbat massif. This broadly distributed deformation shows no asymmetry or evidence of rotation. Rather this deformation is better described as near pure‐shear subvertical stretching. Augen ellipticities suggest subvertical stretches of greater than 200%. Consideration of plausible changes in crustal thickness during the amplification of the Nanga Parbat structure suggests the magnitude of vertical stretch decays with depth. Presumably these strains in the deep crust are more distributed but weaker than in the exposed middle crustal sections, assuming conservation of horizontal shortening displacement with depth. These studies suggest that penetrative vertical stretching through dominantly pure shear deformation is an effective mechanism for thickening the continental crust and that models which assume that simple shear zones penetrate the whole crust need not be of ubiquitous applicability.
An Eye Controlled System Based on Nios II

In the background of current hot sight-tracking technology , this topic aims at designing an eye controlled system based on Nios II and solving the HMI problems of the disabled so that it can provide a way for them to communicate with the outside world, improve their ability of living and help them regain confidence. We have also designed some Interactive functions such as an eye controlled calculator, an eye controlled Whac-A-Mole game and an eye controlled voice-help. It can provide convenience and help them communicate with others, seek help, have fun and study. Keywords— SOPC; VGA display; Image Processing; Relative Offset Calculation; View positioning; Edge detection
Immune Monitoring of Kidney Recipients: Biomarkers to Appreciate Immunosuppression -Associated Complications

The use of nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs has significantly reduced the incidence of acute kidney graft rejection (Sayegh & Carpenter, 2004). This led to a significant improvement in first-year graft survival rates that are “almost close to perfect”, as mentioned in a recent review (Lamb et al., 2011). However, the benefits of such immunosuppressive therapies on chronic rejection and overall long-term graft survival are uncertain (Meier-Kriescher et al., 2004a; McDonald et al., 2007). Thus, long term graft survival remains unchanged over decades (Meier-Kriescher et al., 2004a; Meier-Kriescher et al., 2004b). Persistent excessive immunosuppression −related to these immunosuppressive drugs− exposes renal transplant recipients to long-term toxicities including: increased incidence of cancers, severe infectious complications and “metabolic” diseases (for instance, diabetes, and accelerated atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular diseases). An excess risk of cancer after renal transplantation has been increasingly recognized over recent decades (Penn et al., 1979; Kasiske et al., 2004; Grulich et al., 2007; Villeneuve et al., 2007; Webster et al., 2007; van Leeuwen et al., 2009), as advances in medicine have extended the life of renal transplant recipients. A meta-analysis including five studies of cancer risks in organ transplant recipients, including 31’977 organ transplant recipients −among which 97% have received a kidney graft− from Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Australia, and Canada shows an increase in the incidence of cancers related to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), hepatitis viruses B and C (HBV and HCV), and Helicobacter pylori with comparison to the general population (Grulich et al., 2007). However, cancer incidence after transplantation is not restricted to virus-induced cancers, since kidney cancer, myeloma, leukaemia, melanoma as well as bladder and thyroid cancers are more frequent in transplant recipients than the general population (Grulich et al., 2007). Common epithelial cancers (e.g., breast and prostate) occur at the same rate as the general population (Grulich et al., 2007). However, despite a cancer incidence similar with the general population, an interesting study reported a highly aggressive course of tumors and unresponsiveness to “classical” antitumoral chemotherapy in renal transplant recipients (Fiebiger et al., 2009). This report confirmed a pioneer work (Barrett et al., 1993) showing the more aggressive course of cancers in renal transplant recipients. Thus, malignancy is now one of the leading causes of patient’s
Time‐dependent behavior and wall slip in concentrated shear thickening dispersions

The viscosity of concentrated shear thickening dispersions was measured as a function of shear rate, Couette cylinder size, and time. The level of the low shear rate viscosity, which was found to be independent of system size and time, could be predicted by the equation of Frankel and Acrivos. At shear rates above the critical shear rate for shear thickening in highly concentrated (φ≳0.57) dispersions of monodisperse particles strong viscosity instabilities were detected, together with a dependence on cylinder size. The instabilities are attributed to reversible order–disorder transitions, e.g., from strings to clusters. This dependence on cylinder size is due to wall slip, slipping planes in the dispersion, and even plug flow in the gap. With less concentrated or polydisperse dispersions the effects are much less severe but there is thixotropy, probably due to a reordering of the dispersion.
Leveraging Contextual Relationships Between Objects for Localization

Object localization is currently an active area of research in computer vision. The object localization task is to identify all locations of an object class within an image by drawing a bounding box around objects that are instances of that class. Object locations are typically found by computing a classification score over a small window at multiple locations in the image, based on some chosen criteria, and choosing the highest scoring windows as the object bounding-boxes. Localization methods vary widely, but there is a growing trend towards methods that are able to make localization more accurate and efficient through the use of context. In this thesis, I investigate whether contextual relationships between related objects can be leveraged to improve localization efficiency through a reduction in the number of windows considered for each localization task. I implement a contextdriven localization model and evaluate it against two models that do not use context between objects for comparison. My model constrains the search spaces for the target object location and window size. I show that context-driven methods substantially reduce the mean number of windows necessary for localizing a target object versus the two models not using context. The results presented here suggest that contextual relationships between objects in an image can be leveraged to significantly improve localization efficiency by reducing the number of windows required to find the target object.
A set‐based model‐free reinforcement learning design technique for nonlinear systems

In this study, we propose an extremum‐seeking approach for the approximation of optimal control problems for a class of unknown nonlinear dynamical systems. The technique combines a phasor extremum‐seeking controller with a reinforcement learning strategy. The learning approach is used to estimate the value function of an optimal control problem of interest. The phasor extremum‐seeking controller implements the approximate optimal controller. The approach is shown to provide reasonable approximations of optimal control problems without the need for a parameterization of the nonlinear system's dynamics. A simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
The Scottish Food Coalition Discussion Series Food and Health

The Scottish Government has set out its ambition that Scotland becomes a Good Food Nation, a country where people from every walk of life take pride and pleasure in, and benefit from, the food they buy, serve, and eat day by day. To deliver this vision the government will launch a consultation on a Good Food Nation Bill during 2017. As part of this process, it has committed to drawing on the expertise of civic society to develop and implement its good food policy.
Temperature and Solvent Impact on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Synthesized via Hydro-Solvo-Thermal Technique

This work presents temperatureimpact on ZnO nanostructures growth when synthesized via solvo-thermal technique. For a temperature range of:70, 100, 130 and 160 oC, and precursors of Zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide (both dissolved in methanol)we noticed an obvious temperature impact on the grain size and hence an obvious variation on the corresponding band gap energy. Having the fact that ZnO is a semiconductor; variation of ZnO nanostructures band gap energy means variation of quantum confinement effect; which is considered to be an essential parameter to tune semiconductors optical and electrical properties. This work also presents solvent impact on ZnO nanostructures growth when synthesized via hydro-solvo-thermal technique at temperatures of 70 oC and 150oC, and precursors of Zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide; both dissolved in H2O:Methanole solution mixtures of: 1:3,2:2, 3:1 and 1:3. Again, we noticed an obvious solvent impact on ZnO nanostructures shapes and sizes. Morphology, crystalline structure and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM measurements showed particles sizes increment as temperatures increase. XRD measurements showed hexagonal crystalline-wurtzite phase structures in all temperatures. UV-vis measurements showed red shifts absorptions as a result of particles sizes increment, and hence, decrement for the corresponding band gap energy in comparison with the bulk one.Average sizes of ZnO nanostructures varied between 50 to 500nm.
Penetration Testing using Kali Linux: SQL Injection, XSS, Wordpres, and WPA2 Attacks

Nowadays, computers, smart phones, smart watches, printers, projectors, washing machines, fridges, and other mobile devices connected to Internet are exposed to various threats and exploits. Of the various attacks, SQL injection, cross site scripting, Wordpress, and WPA2 attack were the most popular security attacks and will be further investigated in this paper. Kali Linux provides a great platform and medium in learning various types of exploits and peneteration testing. All the simulated attack will be conducted using Kali Linux installed on virtual machine in a compuer with Intel Core i5 and 8 GB RAM, while the victim’s machine is the host computer which run Windows 10 version 1709. Results showed that the attacks launched both on web and firewall were conducted successfully.
A soft-tissue in vitro model of bisphosphonate induced localized non-traditional calciphylaxis by Weam Alfouzan

A soft-tissue in vitro model of bisphosphonate induced localized non-traditional calciphylaxis Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) such as zoledronic acid (ZA) are widely used to treat complications of bony metastases in cancer patients. One of the serious adverse effects of ZA treatment is Bisphosphonates osteonecrosis (BON). The pathophysiologic mechanisms of BON are not fully elucidated. Scheper et al (2012) suggest than BON is correlated with a localized non-traditional calciphylaxis. In this project, we studied the effect of ZA on soft tissue by calcium deposition. Also, we hypothesized that albumin will reverse that effect. Materials and Methods: Normal Oral Keratinocytes (NOK) and Human Gingival Fibroblats (HGF) were treated by different ZA concentration and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Immunoflurosence and Western Blot were used to study the treatments effects. Results: There is an increase in calcium concentration when cells were treated with ZA. However, there is a decrease when cells were treated with albumin. Conclusion: Albumin can bind to the calcium released following ZA treatment. Our finding might suggest a method of BON prevention. Further studies are needed to determine if such effects are clinically relevant for in vivo models of BON. A soft-tissue in vitro model of bisphosphonate induced localized non-traditional calciphylaxis
Facial Expression via Genetic Algorithms

The MPEG-4 standard specifies feature points and a set of facial animation parameters (FAPs) associated with the neutral face model. Given motion vectors of MPEG4 feature points (FPs), it is the developer’s freedom to implement facial animation, meaning motion vectors for surface points of the 3D facial mesh. Our goal is to produce natural-looking animation vectors for all surface points by specified MPEG-4 FP motions. We make use of an existing expressive animation database of limited size and we propose a novel approach which uses Genetic Algorithms (GA) in interpolation and extension of the given expression data. Firstly, we construct the expression bank based on the available animation data. Then given sparse motion vectors of the FPs, we utilize GA to implicitly assign weights to examples in the bank and thus produce realistic optimized result after GA evolution. After introducing our initial GA approach, we present our improvements on producing natural-looking novel expressions by decomposing the face into several regions. The resulting animation has the same quality as the original animation data. Moreover, it covers a wider expression space after learning examples in the bank via GA.