Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FAT EMBOLISM: INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION WITHOUT TRAUMA

Since the discovery of free neutral fat in the blood vessels following injury, the subject of fat embolism has been widely investigated clinically and experimentally. As may so easily happen when an apparently direct and unequivocal cause-effect relationship is presented, the search for other causes has been overlooked; and this, in spite of the fact that the more familiar we become with fat embolism, the less unequivocal the commonly accepted etiology appears. This article is the record of an attack on this unsettled problem from a new direction. A detailed review of the literature of fat embolism need not be given here. It has been thoroughly covered in English by Warthin (1913 1 ) and in German by Landois (1923 2 ), Paul and Windholz (1925 3 ) and others. We need only summarize those facts on which complete agreement exists among most authors, and in somewhat more detail discuss those observations that
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after combined GnRH-agonist and low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in a patient with a single kidney

Abstract Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) following gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) trigger is rare. Here, we report a case of severe OHSS after combined GnRH-a and low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger in a patient with a single kidney. The patient is a 32-year-old women with a two-year history of infertility. The patient’s history was significant for a single kidney, that is, she had donated a kidney to a family member three years ago. The patient underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and received a combined 2 mg GnRH-a and 1500 IU hCG ovulatory trigger. Estradiol (E2) levels on the day of and after the trigger were 3800 pg/mL and 4001 pg/mL, respectively. Four days after the trigger, the patient began experiencing nausea, abdominal distention and dyspnea, and her blood testing revealed hemoconcentration (hemoglobin: 16.9 g/dL; hematocrit: 51.0%) and an elevated creatinine level (1.16 mg/dL). Fresh embryo transfer was deferred. The patient was admitted to the hospital for fluid monitoring and prophylactic anticoagulation. Following inpatient management, her hemoglobin, hematocrit and creatinine levels normalized. The current report highlights that the systemic effects of OHSS can be accentuated in patients with preexisting renal disease or a single kidney.
Plasma urocortin-1 as a preoperative marker of endometriosis in symptomatic women

Abstract Accurate noninvasive diagnostic tests for endometriosis are still missing. This study evaluated the predictive value of the neuropeptide urocortin 1 (Ucn1) to detect pelvic endometriosis in symptomatic women. We enrolled prospectively 97 consecutive women submitted to gynecologic laparoscopy for chronic or acute pelvic pain, infertility or adnexal mass. Preoperative blood samples were assayed for Ucn1 using enzyme immunoassay. Patients with endometriosis had higher plasma Ucn1 levels compared to patients with no lesions (median 59 vs. 34 pg/ml, p < .01, Dunn's test). Elevated plasma Ucn1 levels were found among all endometriosis phenotypes (superficial peritoneal lesions, ovarian endometrioma, and deep infiltrating endometriosis, p < .05 vs. no lesions). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis identified plasma Ucn1 > 46 pg/mL as the best cutoff point to detect endometriosis vs. no lesions, with 76% sensitivity and 88% specificity (area under the curve [AUC] 0.827, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.695 − 0.959), but no cutoff could accurately distinguish endometriosis from other pathological conditions (AUC 0.593 [95% CI 0.474 − 0.711]). In women with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, or both symptoms, the probability of endometriosis (positive predictive value) increased consistently with the increase of plasma Ucn1 levels. The present findings suggest that high plasma Ucn1 levels increase the likelihood of endometriosis in symptomatic women.
Vulvar vestibular effects of ospemifene: a pilot study

Abstract The study aimed to assess the effects of ospemifene on vulvar vestibule in postmenopausal women with vulvar pain and dyspareunia. Fifty-five postmenopausal women used oral ospemifene 60 mg/d for 60 d. Symptoms of dryness, burning, and dyspareunia were evaluated on a 10 cm visual analog scale. Visual examination of the vulvar vestibule was also conducted. Patients also underwent current perception threshold (CPT) testing obtained from the vulvar vestibule. Fifty-five patients (94.6%) completed the treatment. Hot flashes were the most frequent adverse effects, but this led to a discontinuation of therapy in three patients (5.4%). After therapy, there was a statistically significant decrease from the baseline in the mean scores for dryness, burning, and dyspareunia and reduction of vestibular trophic score (baseline value of 11.2–4.2 after the therapy, p ≤ 002) and cotton swab test scores (2.81 compared with 1.25, p = .001). There was a difference in CPT values for all nerve fibers and more consistent for C fibers (−38% of sensitivity). These results confirm the efficacy of ospemifene on postmenopausal vestibular symptoms and signs; moreover, the drug was effective in normalizing vestibular innervation sensitivity.
Molecular target therapies in endometrial cancer: From the basic research to the clinic

Molecular targeted therapies represent an interesting field of pharmacological research in endometrial cancer. The loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) function, with consequent activation of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase)–AKT (serine/threonine-specific protein kinase)–mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, occurs in 32–83% of endometrioid-type endometrial carcinomas, thus suggesting a role for mTOR inhibition in this malignancy. Some analogues of rapamycin (CCI-799, RAD-001, AP-23573) have been developed and tested in different tumors including endometrioid-type endometrial carcinoma. For example, AP-23573 achieved a clinical benefit response in 33% of 27 heavily pretreated patients, and CCI-799 obtained a 26% partial response rate and a 63% stable disease rate in 19 patients. Overexpression of ErbB-2 (epidermal growth factor type II receptor) has been detected in 18–80% of uterine papillary serous carcinomas (UPSCs), thus providing a biological rationale for the use of trastuzumab in these aggressive tumors. UPSC often overexpresses claudin-3 and claudin-4, which represent the epithelial receptors for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). CPE-mediated therapy might be a novel treatment modality for UPSC resistant to chemotherapy. A better understanding of the signaling transduction pathways that are dysregulated in endometrioid-type endometrial carcinoma and UPSC will allow the development of novel molecular targeted therapies.
Morphological assessment of renal arteries after radiofrequency catheter-based sympathetic denervation in a porcine model

Objectives: Catheter-based renal artery denervation has been successfully introduced as alternative treatment for patients suffering from drug-resistant essential hypertension. However, the local morphological changes within the vessel wall accompanying this technique remain elusive and we sought to characterize these by utilizing the simplicity radiofrequency catheter approach. Methods: Following treatment of seven pigs, renal arteries were assigned to either the acute (n = 6), subacute (10-day follow-up, n = 6) or control (untreated, n = 2) group. At follow-up blood analysis, final angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-imaging of the treated arteries were performed and renal arteries and kidneys were processed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Results: Radiofrequency-derived energy application to the vessel wall induced transmural tissue coagulation and loss of endothelium resulting in local thrombus formation also detectable by OCT. At 10 days, the luminal surface was almost completely re-endothelialized. Mural wall damage was replaced by fibrotic tissue and the adventitial layer showed strong inflammatory infiltration including vasculogenesis. Remnant autonomic nerve fascicles within the lesion segments of the subacute group displayed enhanced vacuolic degeneration and an impaired neurofilament protein immunostaining pattern. Examination of the kidneys revealed no abnormalities and blood parameters remained within the physiological range. Conclusion: Catheter-based application of radiofrequency energy resulted in circumscribed transmural injury within the arterial wall affecting autonomic nerve fascicles delayed to treatment. Acute loss of endothelialization resulted in thrombus formation leaving kidney perfusion apparently unimpaired.
Differential effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition, sympathoinhibition and diuretic therapy on endothelial function and blood pressure in obesity-related hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the effects of renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system inhibition, sympathoinhibition and diuretic therapy on endothelial function and blood pressure in obesity-related hypertension. Methods: A randomized, four-way, double-blind, crossover study in 31 adults with previously untreated obesity-related hypertension, in which the effects of 8 weeks’ inhibition of the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system (using aliskiren 300 mg), sympathoinhibition (using moxonidine 0.4 mg), diuretic therapy (using hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) or placebo on flow-mediated dilation and 24-h blood pressure were compared. Results: The median flow-mediated dilation during placebo was 4.0% [interquartile range (IQR) 2.9–5.5%] and was increased by aliskiren [0.81%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02–1.79], but not by moxonidine (0.20%, 95% CI −0.46 to 1.03) or hydrochlorothiazide (0.39%, 95%CI −0.31%–1.26%). Similarly, compared with placebo, mean 24-h blood pressure was most reduced by aliskiren (−9.8/−6.3 mmHg) and to a lesser degree by hydrochlorothiazide (−5.9/−2.6 mmHg). Moxonidine did not significantly affect blood pressure despite reduction of muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Insulin sensitivity deteriorated during hydrochlorothiazide treatment and was unaffected by aliskiren or moxonidine. Unlike aliskiren and moxonidine, hydrochlorothiazide reduced urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2&agr;-VI, a marker of oxidative stress. Vascular stiffness, systemic inflammation, leptin, adiponectin and other oxidative stress markers (plasma malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase activity and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) were unaffected by treatment. Conclusion: Renin inhibition, but not sympathoinhibition or diuretic therapy, improves endothelial function and results in larger reductions of 24-h, office, and central blood pressure in obesity-related hypertension. This adds weight to the hypothesis that inhibition of the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system is an effective first step in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension.
Alcohol Abuse in Older Adults

Alcohol abuse among older adults is known as the hidden epidemic as the number of individuals who suffer from dependency and abuse has about doubled in the last decade. Because baby boomers were more liberal substance users during the 1960s and 1970s, experts anticipate the epidemic will increase even further by 2020. Definition of abuse and screening as a preventive measure to identify alcohol abuse in older adults are explored.
Countering tumor-induced immunosuppression during immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer

Background: Vaccines for pancreatic cancer have been challenged by a number of factors, especially the immunosuppressive microenvironment within the tumor that allows for escape from immune surveillance. Objective/methods: We sought to identify results that define mechanisms of pancreatic-cancer-associated immunosuppression and strategies that might be useful to overcome them thereby resulting in effective immune responses to cancer vaccines capable of deleting pancreatic cancer cells. Results/conclusion: Immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells (Treg) reside in tumors, and their products along with tumor derived products (such as VEGF, TGFβ and IL-10), create a microenvironment that counters immune activation and attack. Immunotherapy with cancer vaccines must include strategies to modulate these immunosuppressive cell types and tumor byproducts. Clinical trials are beginning to test these strategies.
Implementation of the ‘BeweegKuur’ in practice: utilization of care of a lifestyle intervention in the Netherlands

This study investigates the delivered care in a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention by dieticians and physiotherapists compared to the protocol of this intervention. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg m− 2 were divided over three different programs depending on their BMI and comorbidities. All these programs consisted of individual and group sessions with the dietician, while care by the physiotherapist differed by program. The dieticians and physiotherapists of 30 locations were contacted to provide data about health care use within the intervention from their health records. Data of 379 participants were available and showed that group sessions by dieticians were often not attended. Care by the physiotherapist was delivered according to the protocol to a larger extent. An average of 43–93% of the sessions was attended. The level of attendance is comparable to other interventions, but especially attendance at group sessions with dieticians should be improved.
Concepts: Fodor's little semantic BBs of thought A critical look at Fodor's theory of concepts

1. Concepts, AI, and the state of the art I ® nd it interesting that AI researchers don’ t use concepts very often in their theorizing. No doubt they feel no pressure to. This is because most AI researchers do use representations that allow a system to chunk up its environment, and basically all we know about concepts is that they are representations that allow a system to chunk up its environment. However, concepts are crucially important to other branches of cognitive scienceÐ especially, to theorizing in cognitive psychology and philosophy. Which is a major embarrassment 1⁄4 for researchers don’ t know what concepts are. I don’t mean they (I could say `we ’ ) are uncertain about what concepts are in detail ; I don’t mean that our theory of concepts is a little rough around the edges. I mean that we are just shy of being completely clueless about what concepts are, and that we have no remotely agreed-upon theory of concepts at all. The situation we cognitive scientists are in here in the twenty-® rst century is not like the one the atomic physicists were in at the turn of the last century when they had an incorrect model of the atomÐ what was called the plum-pudding model. The plum pudding model was so robust that it was open to experimental refutation, which was exactly what Ernest Rutherford did to itÐ he experimentally refuted it, replacing it with the `solar system ’ model of the atom (which soon morphed into the Bohr model). No, our situation is not like this. There is no single theory of concepts that is refuted by the current data we now have. This is a rather amazing situation. (The one possible exception to my claim is the suite of theories known as the de® nitional theories or classical theories. These theories say that concepts are de® nitions, and de® nitions are necessary and su cient conditions. Hence, concepts have necessary and su cient conditions for their application. But, no clever experiments refuted this theory, indeed, the classical theory has been known to be ̄ awed since the ancient Greeks. Clever arguments refuted itÐ arguments supplied by armchair psychologists, aka, philosophers. Moreover, there are several neoclassical theories around now that seek to avoid problems that the classical theories had. See Margolis and Laurence 1999, for an introduction to these issues). Our situation is more like that of the early Greek Atomists who believed that simple, minute, indivisible particles are fundamental constituents of the universe. This was right (more or less, except for the indivisible part), but just look at how thin this `theory ’ is. " We know that concepts are representations of some sort, that they are the prime constituents of most thoughts and thinking, that they are what allow us to think about, e.g. dogs and cats (actually, all of this is contentious), but after this, agreement among cognitive researchers is hard to come by (or even harder to come by). There is one major diŒerence, however, between early atomism and our theories of
The King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus, a non‐nesting bird which selects its breeding habitat

Birds are expected to choose their breeding sites according to 'ideal' distribution models (Fretwell & Lucas 1970), so that their reproductive output is maximized (Cody 1985). However, studies of breeding habitat selection hitherto conducted on birds have only concerned true nesting species, that is, species that incubate their eggs in a nest or in a nesting cup dug in the ground. In the t\vo species of the genus Aptenadytes, breeders neither use nor build nests, incubating their egg on their feet and walking in the colony during incubation or chickbrooding. King Penguins A. patagonicus usually breed on beaches along f la t coasts, at the mouths of small rivers on subantarctic islands (Stonehouse 1960, Rarrat 1976). However, conditions can become extreme at these places, because of storms, flooding from rivers etc. Breeders and large chicks could move to safer areas in the colony after such events, hut, because of aggression from neighbours, which defend their breeding spots against intruders (Stonehouse 1960), breeders ne\rer move more than a few metre5 from their laying places (Stonehouse 1960, Barrat 1976, 1,engagne et a l . 1999). The level of aggression is highest in the centre of the colon>(C6te 2000). This suggests heterogeneity of the habitat within colonies and competition for breeding places, whose location should be a strong determinant of breeding success in this non-nesting and mobile species. Despite this, no study has so far examined whether King Penguins actively prefer particular areas Lvithin the colony. Honwcr , Rarrat (1 976) wrote that individuals attempted to return to their previous breeding place each season: yet, they often find their previous breeding site occupied by earlier breeders (Stonehouse 1960, Barrat 1976). Cote (2000) found that the earliest breeders tended to occupy the centre. Although his results suggest that King Penguins perform habitat selection, C6tP (2000) did riot show that breeders actively preferred central places, and did not check Xvhether the latter were more suitable for breeding than peripheral spots, although he did not exclude the possibility. The aim of this long-term study on a Kmg Penguin colony was (i) to determine xvhether the breeding habitat is homogeneous in a colony and (ii) to determine whether individuals choose their breeding places, and if so, on what criteria. We also looked for a relationship between habitat selection, laying date, and reproductive performance in King Penguins.
Manganese superoxide dismutase activity regulates transitions between quiescent and proliferative growth

In recent years, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have gained increasing attention as a critical regulator of cellular proliferation. We investigated the hypothesis that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity regulates proliferative and quiescent growth by modulating cellular ROS levels. Decreasing MnSOD activity favored proliferation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), while increasing MnSOD activity facilitated proliferating cells’ transitions into quiescence. MnSOD (+/–) and (–/–) MEFs demonstrated increased superoxide steady‐state levels; these fibroblasts failed to exit from the proliferative cycle, and showed increasing cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 protein levels. MnSOD (+/–) MEFs exhibited an increase in the percentage of G2 cells compared to MnSOD (+/+) MEFs. Overexpression of MnSOD in MnSOD (+/–) MEFs suppressed superoxide levels and G2 accumulation, decreased cyclin B1 protein levels, and facilitated cells’ transit into quiescence. While ROS are known to regulate differentiation and cell death pathways, both of which are irreversible processes, our results show MnSOD activity and, therefore, mitochondria‐derived ROS levels regulate cellular proliferation and quiescence, which are reversible processes essential to prevent aberrant proliferation and subsequent exhaustion of normal cell proliferative capacity. These results support the hypothesis that MnSOD activity regulates a mitochondrial ‘ROS‐switch’ favoring a superoxide‐signaling regulating proliferation and a hydrogen peroxide‐signaling supporting quiescence.
Cognitive Function in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Impairment and Treatment

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), with up to 65% of patients exhibiting some type of neuropsychological dysfunction. The cognitive domains most affected by MS are learning and memory, attention, information processing, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning. It is difficult to detect cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS during routine neurologic examinations because conventional measures of neurologic disability are not sensitive enough to detect cognitive impairment. Furthermore, cognitive dysfunction is only weakly correlated with the type of MS, disease duration, or physical disability. However, brain imaging studies show that a relatively strong correlation exists between cognitive dysfunction and overall lesion burden and brain atrophy in MS. This paper reviews the natural history of cognitive dysfunction, areas of cognition affected, the correlation between MRI measures and cognitive dysfunction, issues related to neuropsychological assessment, and treatment .
The Field and Energy Distributions of the Fundamental Mode in the Solid-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for Different Geometric Parameters

For a solid core photonic crystal fiber with the triangular lattice, the field and energy distributions of fundamental mode are considered at 1.55 μm wavelength. The silica core is constituted by removing the 7 air holes. The cladding consists of the two-dimensional silica-air photonic crystal with the 4 rings of air holes. The field and energy distributions were investigated for three different values of <path id="x1D451" d="M530 686q-79 -330 -126 -595q-5 -24 4 -24q22 0 77 53l16 -24q-42 -49 -88 -78.5t-72 -29.5q-37 0 -19 83l21 99h-2q-62 -83 -153 -141q-65 -41 -97 -41q-28 0 -48 31.5t-20 91.5q0 71 32.5 144t88.5 118q36 30 94 52.5t94 22.5q38 0 68 -13l29 158q7 40 2 47.5t-38 7.5 h-35l1 26q39 4 76 13.5t58. 5 17t27.5 7.5q16 0 9 -26zM387 375q-11 11 -38.5 20t-51.5 9q-45 0 -79 -23q-46 -32 -77.5 -107.5t-31.5 -143.5q0 -40 9.5 -58.5t23. 5 -18.5q40 0 113.5 70t99.5 118z" /> . Here, d and represent the diameter of air holes and the pitch length, respectively. The simulations show that, for the fixed , the increase in ratio does not cause the considerable changes in the field and energy intensity distributions, but for the fixed , the increase in this ratio affects the intensity distributions reasonably.