Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Severely Displaced Proximal Humeral Epiphyseal Fractures

The purpose of this study was to document the late outcome of a group of patients with Neer grade III/IV proximal humeral physeal fractures who were treated with reduction of the fracture and maintenance of reduction until fracture consolidation. A total of 28 patients treated between 1984 and 1999 at a large children's hospital were included in this study. Nineteen of the 28 patients were 15 years or older (range 5–16 y). All patients were treated in the operating room with closed reduction followed by immobilization (n = 3), closed reduction and pin fixation (n = 20), open reduction and screw fixation (n = 3), or open reduction and pin fixation (n = 2). Postoperatively, all had Neer grade I or II displacement, which was maintained until fracture union. No operative or postoperative complications occurred. At an average follow-up of 4 years, all patients had near-normal glenohumeral motion and excellent strength and uniformly reported regaining full preinjury functional use of the involved extremity. Achieving and maintaining reduction in Neer grade III/IV proximal humeral epiphyseal fractures can be safely performed and results in excellent long-term shoulder function. This is of particular significance in the older adolescent who has minimal remodeling potential.
Blowing Polysilicon Fuses: What Conditions are Best?

A study has been conducted to understand polysilicon fuse blow mechanisms and determine optimized blow conditions. The correlation of optical microscope images, cross section SEM (scanning electron microscope) images, and electrical waveforms of fuses blown at different voltages revealed two different blow mechanisms. Furthermore, SEM images of fuses blown using different pulse widths showed the physical changes of fuses during the fuse blow process
Evidence for electrical transmission in nerve

IN a previous paper it was shown that when a nervous impulse was extinguished by local cold or pressure, there resulted two changes in the region just beyond the block. In the first place there was a spread of electrotonus, and in the second, a localized increase in excitability. It is possible that these two facts are related, and the intention of the experiments described here is to decide whether spread of electrotonic current is, in fact, the cause of the increase in excitability. The first piece of evidence is that the association of the electrotonic potential with the increase in excitability is extremely constant. This is to be expected if the two processes are causally related, but if the association were a matter of chance we should expect to find certain conditions which would allow transmission of the excitability change but not of the electrotonic potential. There is, of course, no way of proving that it is impossible to dissociate the two processes, but experiments have shown that this is extremely difficult. For electrical and excitability change have been observed in more than seventy nerves, and in no case was it possible to obtain the increase in excitability without a concomitant potential change. Evidence of a more definite kind comes from a study of the time relations of the two processes. The temporal configuration of the increase in excitability has been determined and can be compared with that of the potential. This allows much more certain conclusions than have hitherto been possible. For we should have to abandon an electrical theory if the duration of the increase in excitability was found to be quite different from that of the potential. On the other hand the theory would be considerably strengthened, if the results showed that the time course of the excitability change could be accurately predicted from the potential time curve.
A study of Women Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia

Today women entrepreneurs are increasing in Saudi Arabia. In order to understand about women entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, a sample of 200 women entrepreneurs were selected from various business areas. The research instrument adopted here was questionnaire with closed ended questions. The main aim of this study was to understand the reasons to start a business, identify the benefits realized and various advertising channels used by these women entrepreneurs. Based on the responses, it was understood that the reasons to start a business was to be an independent person, to get recognition in the society, to build a successful organization, to have innovativeness and to continue the family traditions. The identified business benefits were in the area of Information Technology adoption, Literacy rates, Availability of internet facilities, Government policies, Purchase behavior and Technology adoption. The preferred advertising channels for business were Facebook, Twitter, Business Websites as well others like google, Instagram and LinkedIn.
The Effect of Internal Auditors’ Involvement in Enterprise Risk Management on Internal Audit Objectivity: Evidence from Malaysia

In the last two decades, the role of internal auditors has been growing significantly within organizations, especially in some specific areas such as Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and internal control. The purpose of conducting this study is twofold: First, to determine the level of internal auditors’ involvement in the ERM process in order to examine their compliance with the recommendations of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). And second, to investigate the effect of this involvement on the objectivity of internal auditors. A quantitative method has been used based on a cross-sectional survey. The data has been collected from 119 participants who are members of the Institute of Internal Auditor Malaysia (IIAM). The findings of the study indicate that the majority of internal auditors in Malaysia are low involved in the ERM process. Also, found that internal audit objectivity is affected by the level of internal auditors’ involvement in ERM. This study would contribute to enrichment the literature of internal auditing by describing how internal auditors in Malaysia perceive their current role concerning ERM activities and reinforce the need for internal auditors to adhere to the recommendations of the IIA by avoiding the participation in the roles that could impair their objectivity. Original Research Article Kertali and Tahajuddin; AJEBA, 6(3): 1-11, 2018; Article no.AJEBA. 40693 2
Online fault diagnosis of hybrid electric vehicles based on embedded system Changqing Song

In this paper, embedded system was used to work for the online fault diagnosis of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This system took 32-bit embedded one as a hardware platform, customized a WinCE6.0 operation system and used Embedded Visual C++ (EVC) as the tool to design the embedded application. Through this online diagnosis device, the failure phenomenon, failure causes and failure rules on hybrid electric vehicles were put forward. CAN communication and protocol SAE J1939 were applied in this system. As for the need of Real-timing fault-diagnosis, a new method of layered fault-diagnosis theory and reasoning algorithm which based on event trigger was presented. Meanwhile, the degree of confidence was counted by uncertainty reasoning rules. Testing results show that the online fault diagnosis equipment was very accurate and effective.
Examining Fisherman Perception towards Climate Change Impacts and Fishery Agencies

Fish product is one of the contributors for balance diet, profit and attraction for tourist. That is why today fishery farming have become important in human daily life. Fishing and aquaculture sector have been reported to employ over 36 million people directly, this show the importance of fishery sector. Regardless of this fact, climate change have become the result for fishery farming to gain low income due to low quantity of fishing. In order to face climate change impact, there are several government agencies such as Fishery Department and LKIM that involve with fishermen which can assist them to adapt with the risks and issues in climate change. This research aims to understand the perception level of respondents toward climate change impact and to identify the role of government agencies’ extension activities toward climate change adaptation. This research was conducted in Pekan, Pahang with participation of 150 fishermen as respondents. The result shows the perception of respondents towards extension agent’s organisation and activities are high. It is also recorded that the perception of extension service toward climate change is on high level.
Power-aware architectural exploration of the CORDIC algorithm

Mobile applications require the use of specialized design techniques to reduce power consumption and maximize battery life. New implementation technologies are able to reduce energy at the device level. At the same time, architectural choices can lead to significantly different power consumption profiles for equivalent implementations of the same function. In this paper we focus on the architectural level, and analyze various implementation alternatives for the CORDIC function. Our results provide insight into the trade-offs between area, performance and power consumption, and give designers directions for their architectural choices.
On Strongly Truncated Leaky-Wave Antennas Based on Periodically Loaded Transmission Lines

Leaky-wave radiation of strongly truncated periodic structures is investigated. Starting with the analysis of an infinite structure with one-dimensional periodicity, the implications of a truncation on the far-field radiation characteristic are pointed out. In particular, the influence on the half-power beamwidth and the direction of maximum radiation is examined. The theoretical results are verified by the design of a transmission-line based leaky-wave antenna. The antenna consists of a microstrip line loaded periodically by inductive short-circuited stubs. The direction of maximum radiation and the half-power beamwidth are determined by the dispersion of the infinite structure and the total length of the antenna, respectively, both parameters representing degrees of freedom for the design. It is also shown how the total efficiency of strongly truncated antennas can be enhanced considerably.
Pathology of the spleen in primary biliary cirrhosis

Pathologic changes of the spleen in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were studied using autopsy cases. By analysis of the data compiled in the Annual Registry of Autopsies of Japan (1977–92), it was found that the splenic weight of 184 cases of PBC (450 ± 224 g) was significantly heavier than that of 41 control autopsy cases of non‐biliary liver cirrhosis from the School of Medicine, Kanazawa University (341 ± 189 g), and also of 210 control cases filed in the Annual Registry of Autopsies of Japan (1982; 334 ± 174 g). Among the cases of PBC, the splenic weight was positively correlated with the liver weight. There was no significant difference in the splenic weight between the cases belonging to histologic stages 1–3 and those of stage 4. Fibrosis extending from the splenic trabecula, proliferation and dilatation of the splenic sinus, and congestion in the red pulp, all being compatible with chronic splenic congestion, were similarly observed in the spleen in PBC as well as in other non‐biliary cirrhotic cases. The present study indicates that the PBC patients present splenomegaly in the non‐cirrhotic histologic stage and splenomegaly persists thereafter. However, the histopathologic changes of the spleen peculiar to PBC were not specified in this autopsy study. Prolonged portal hypertension and other mechanisms, possibly related to immune disarrangement, may be responsible for the prominent splenomegaly in PBC.
Robust Estimator-Correlator for Spectrum Sensing in MIMO CR Networks with CSI Uncertainty

This work introduces novel detection schemes which are robust with respect to the uncertainty in the estimate of the signal covariance matrix for non-coherent spectrum sensing in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio networks. We employ an eigenvalue perturbation theory based approach to model the uncertainty in the estimated signal covariance matrix. Subsequently, we derive an optimization framework for the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) based robust test statistic detector (RTSD) and robust estimator-correlator detector (RECD) towards primary user detection, which incorporate the channel state information (CSI) uncertainty inherent in such scenarios. Further, employing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, we derive closed form expressions for the proposed robust spectrum sensing schemes. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed robust detectors in comparison to the uncertainty agnostic estimator-correlator (EC) detector for spectrum sensing in MIMO cognitive radio networks with CSI uncertainty.
Integrated Analysis of Multiple Biomarkers from Circulating Tumor Cells Enabled by Exclusion-Based Analyte Isolation

Purpose: There is a critical clinical need for new predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers that evaluate pathway activity in patients treated with targeted therapies. A microscale platform known as VERSA (versatile exclusion-based rare sample analysis) was developed to integrate readouts across protein, mRNA, and DNA in circulating tumor cells (CTC) for a comprehensive analysis of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Experimental Design: Utilizing exclusion-based sample preparation principles, a handheld chip was developed to perform CTC capture, enumeration, quantification, and subcellular localization of proteins and extraction of mRNA and DNA. This technology was validated across integrated endpoints in cell lines and a cohort of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with AR-targeted therapies and chemotherapies. Results: The VERSA was validated in cell lines to analyze AR protein expression, nuclear localization, and gene expression targets. When applied to a cohort of patients, radiographic progression was predicted by the presence of multiple AR splice variants and activity in the canonical AR signaling pathway. AR protein expression and nuclear localization identified phenotypic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing with the FoundationOne panel detected copy number changes and point mutations. Longitudinal analysis of CTCs identified acquisition of multiple AR variants during targeted treatments and chemotherapy. Conclusions: Complex mechanisms of resistance to AR-targeted therapies, across RNA, DNA, and protein endpoints, exist in patients with CRPC and can be quantified in CTCs. Interrogation of the AR signaling pathway revealed distinct patterns relevant to tumor progression and can serve as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 746–56. ©2016 AACR.
Is Bangladesh Rolling towards Debt Stress? An Exploration of Debt Sustainability in the Context of Recent External Financial Flows

This article examines the sustainability of public debt in Bangladesh under alternative future scenarios based on simulation exercises for the period of FY2017 to FY2026. It adopts the debt-stabilizing primary balance approach (DPSBA) and International Monetary Fund/World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF). The findings of the former indicate that Bangladesh will be able to service its increasing public debt as long as its economic growth rate remains higher than the real interest rate payable on debt. Public debt also appears to be sustainable according to variables tested under the DSF. However, findings indicate that Bangladesh has been and would continue allocating an increasing share of its revenue to external debt repayment, creating a trade-off with investment in growth-oriented sectors. JEL Classification: H63, H68, H69, H81, G28
Why Do Firms File for Confidential Treatment

This paper investigates the reasons why investment firms file for confidential treatment. In contrast with the conventional thinking that confidential treatment is mainly used to hide profitable private trading information, which will reveal itself as time passes, we find that there are other reasons that firms file for confidential treatment. We found that firms with bad past performance use confidential treatment to hide their bad performing stocks. There is no obvious profitable trading information in general confidential treatment holdings. It is due to the fact that firms use confidential treatment to hide liquidating activities that have no fundamental information content. Liquidating positions, together with bad performing stocks, served as noises that concealed the profitable private information in confidential treatment holdings. By recognizing the complication in reported confidential treatment holdings, we are able to extract profitable trading information. We also found evidence that short term, sophisticated firms are more likely to use confidential treatments.
Phase I trial of a melanoma vaccine with gp100(280-288) peptide and tetanus helper peptide in adjuvant: immunologic and clinical outcomes.

A melanoma vaccine composed of HLA-A2-restricted peptide YLEPGPVTA (gp100(280)), with or without a modified T-helper epitope from tetanus toxoid AQYIKANSKFIGITEL, has been evaluated in a Phase I trial to assess safety and immunological response. The vaccines were administered s.c. in either of two adjuvants, Montanide ISA-51 or QS-21, to 22 patients with high-risk resected melanoma (stage IIB-IV). Local and systemic toxicities were mild and transient. We detected CTL responses to the gp100(280) peptide in peripheral blood in 14% of patients. Helper T-cell responses to the tetanus helper peptide were detected in 79% of patients and had a Th1 cytokine profile. One patient with a CTL response to gp100 had a recurrence in a lymph node 2 years later; her nodes contained CD8+ cells reactive to gp100(280) (0.24%), which proliferated in response to peptide. The overall survival of patients is 75% (95% confidence interval, 57-94%) at 4.7 years follow-up, which compares favorably with expected survival. Four of 14 patients who completed at least six vaccines subsequently developed metastases, all of which were solitary and surgically resectable. They remain alive and clinically free of disease at last follow-up. Data from this trial demonstrate immunogenicity of the gp100(280) peptide and suggest that immune responses may persist long-term in some patients. The frequency and magnitude of the CTL response may be improved with more aggressive vaccination regimens. Although this Phase I study was not intended to evaluate clinical benefit, the excellent survival of patients on this protocol suggests the possibility of a benefit that should be assessed in future studies.
Multiple-band bit-level switching in two-pump fiber parametric devices

We investigated the feasibility of multiple-band switching using a two-pump fiber parametric device. The switching architecture combines band amplification, wavelength conversion, and selective signal conjugation, enabled by temporal control of one or both parametric pumps. A switching scheme with a single pump control was constructed and evaluated. Multiple-band bit-level optical switching is demonstrated over bandwidth greater than 50 nm, with a maximal conversion efficiency of 24.2 dB.
Phytohormone production by Azotobacter – A review

Phytohormones are plant growth regulators which have stimulatory effects on plant growth. These include three main groups of compounds i.e. auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins. Azotobacteris one of the important diazotrophs which is able to synthesize large amounts of biological active substances. Phytohormone production has been reported in various species of Azotobacter viz., A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii, A. paspali and A. beijerinckii. Although nitrogen fixation by Azotobacteris well documented in a broad taxonomic range of plants, but other proposed mechanisms may also be involved in plant growth stimulation. Available data suggest that phytohormone production by Azotobacter is one of the important factor for plant growth stimulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize available data on phytohormone production by Azotobacter.
Factors Predicting Outcomes After a Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Autotransplantation Lessons Learned From Over 500 Cases.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to analyze factors predicting outcomes after a total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT). BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is increasingly treated by a TP-IAT. Postoperative outcomes are generally favorable, but a minority of patients fare poorly. METHODS In our single-centered study, we analyzed the records of 581 patients with CP who underwent a TP-IAT. Endpoints included persistent postoperative "pancreatic pain" similar to preoperative levels, narcotic use for any reason, and islet graft failure at 1 year. RESULTS In our patients, the duration (mean ± SD) of CP before their TP-IAT was 7.1 ± 0.3 years and narcotic usage of 3.3 ± 0.2 years. Pediatric patients had better postoperative outcomes. Among adult patients, the odds of narcotic use at 1 year were increased by previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and stent placement, and a high number of previous stents (>3). Independent risk factors for pancreatic pain at 1 year were pancreas divisum, previous body mass index >30, and a high number of previous stents (>3). The strongest independent risk factor for islet graft failure was a low islet yield-in islet equivalents (IEQ)-per kilogram of body weight. We noted a strong dose-response relationship between the lowest-yield category (<2000 IEQ) and the highest (≥5000 IEQ or more). Islet graft failure was 25-fold more likely in the lowest-yield category. CONCLUSIONS This article represents the largest study of factors predicting outcomes after a TP-IAT. Preoperatively, the patient subgroups we identified warrant further attention.
Two cases of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada’s disease in sub-Saharan Africa

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada’s (VKH) disease has been reported to be rare in sub-Saharan Africa. Two Nigerians with the disease are presented in this report. The first patient, a 32-year-old pregnant Nigerian woman presented with a 1-month history of bilateral blurring of vision, persistent headache, and alopecia. Presenting visual acuity was 1 m counting fingers in both eyes. Examination revealed vitiligo and poliosis with bilateral panuveitis as well as bilateral exudative retinal detachment. A clinical assessment of complete VKH disease was made. The patient commenced systemic and topical steroids that resulted in remarkable recovery of vision and control of inflammation. The second patient, a 56-year-old Nigerian woman presented with severe headache, tinnitus, and visual loss in both eyes of 2 weeks duration. There was associated redness of both eyes and photophobia. Examination showed visual acuity of Hand motion (HM) and counting fingers at 1 meter (CF). in the right and left eye, respectively, with bilateral panuveitis and bilateral exudative retinal detachment. Subsequent follow-up showed poliosis, vitiligo, and sunsetting fundus appearance. The patient improved with systemic and topical corticosteroids. Developing a high index of suspicion is necessary in diagnosing VKH disease, even in sub-Saharan Africa. Prompt institution of appropriate treatment prevents blindness.