Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Radiograph Optical Densitometry to Monitor Bone Quality in Broiler Breeders

This study was carried out at Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil, and evaluated bone quality in broiler breeders. Twenty-three families of Ross broiler breeders were housed in 5.0-m² pens. The families were comprised of 13 females and one male at the onset of the experimental period. The mean number of females per family was 9.34 at the end of the trial. The feeding program and management followed strain guidelines (Agroceres Ross, 2003). Bone analyses were performed in the right tibia and femur using optical radiographic densitometry at 4, 8, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 35, 42, 47 and 52 weeks of rearing. Trap nests were used to collect eggs from the breeders two weeks before and after the evaluation weeks. At each evaluation day, five birds were sacrificed after radiographs were taken and the tibias and femurs were collected to perform the following analyses: fatfree dry matter, ash percentage, bone resistance and Seedor index. Therefore, it was possible to establish correlations between bone quality and eggshell quality. Characteristics of bone quality were highly correlated to each other; on the other hand, there were no correlations between bone quality and external egg quality. In conclusion, there was no effect of egg production on egg quality, possibly because there was no reabsorption of bone minerals.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise Using Audio Visual Video (Avv) Reduce Patient Stress With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Patients with DM type 2 were often experienced stress related to their disease. Stress in DM type 2 patients will have an impact to the individual’s physical, physiological, intellectual, social and spiritual aspects. Progressive muscle relaxation is one of the ways in stress management as one form of mind-body therapy. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on stress of patients with DM type 2. This study used quasi experimental design pretest-posttest with control group. Samples were collected by purposive sampling with sample size of 60 respondents who experienced stress. Intervention group get education with booklet and video ROP, control group get only education. Progressive muscle relaxation was performed one daily in the morning/evening as long as 15-20 minutes. Data were collected using DASS-S questioner, and analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U test with significant level of 95% (α = 0,05). Result showed that stress before intervention was in mild stress (53,3% for intervention and 50% for control) and after intervention was no stress/normal (83,3% for intervention and control). There were decreased stress on DM type 2 patients after progressive muscle relaxation with mean of decreased stress 11,23 (intervention) and 9,63 (control). There was a significant effect of progressive muscle relaxation against the stress of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 patients (p value =0,000). It is expected that progressive muscle relaxation can be applied as self-nursing care to cope with stress of DM type 2 patients.
THE EFFECTOF PREGNANE X RECEPT OR AGONISTS ON POSTPRANDIAL INCRETIN HORMONE SECRETION IN RA TS AND HUMANS

Pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily (1). PXR is one of the main regulators of drug metabolism inducing the expression of several drugmetabolizing enzymes, including many cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and drug transporters (2-3). PXR is of importance also as a regulator of bile acid metabolism (3). In addition, both in vitro observations and studies with experimental animals have shown that PXR regulates hepatic glucose, lipid, and hormone metabolism, and certain aspects of immune response (4-6). We recently showed that rifampicin, an ef ficient and specific human PXR agonist, caused postprandial hyper glycaemia and hyperinsulinemia in healthy volunteers during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when compared with a placebo arm (Rifa1 study) (7). We also demonstrated that pregnenolone 16 αcarbonitrile (PCN), a prototypical rodent PXR agonist, caused a similar hyper glycaemic ef fect in rats during OGTT . A previous study in tuberculosis patients indicates that rifampicin increases glucose and insulin levels during OGTT (8), although in two other studies involving tuberculosis patients rifampicin was not associated with statistically significant changes in glucose tolerance (9-10). S tudies with two dif ferent Pxr -/mice strains on high-fat diet (HFD) show discrepant results with better (1 1) or impaired (12) glucose tolerance in comparison with Pxr +/+ mice n HFD. Studies with humanized PXR (hPXR) mice are consistently showing that HFD-fed hPXR mice are more prone to obesity and glucose intolerance when compared to wild type mice on HFD (12-13). Thus, PXR appears to be a novel pathway for the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones, most notably glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are major regulators of postprandial glucose levels as they stimulate insulin secretion during hyper glycaemia and suppress glucagon secretion (14). Several GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes nd liraglutide recently gained marketing authorisation as a treatment of obesity (15-16). Although PXR agonism af fects mostly postprandial glucose tolerance and incretins are major JOURNALOF PHYSIOLOGYAND PHARMACOLOGY 2015, 66, 6, 831-839
An Analytical Procedure to Predict Transverse Vibration Response of Jack-Up Riser under the Random Wave Load

Marine riser is a key equipment in offshore drilling operation, and failure of the riser can lead to drilling moratorium; in severe cases, it may cause oil and gas leaks. In this paper, the time-dependent boundary conditions of the riser and the randomness of wave load are considered to improve the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the dynamic response of the jack-up riser. Based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, an analytical method to determine the response of the jack-up riser subjected to the random wave load was established by the Mindlin–Goodman method in the frequency domain, and an experiment was carried out to verify it. The research shows that transverse dynamic response is the main component of the transverse response of the riser, and the method proposed is feasible to calculate the transverse response of the riser.
ACE Gene DD Genotype Association with Obesity in Pakistani Population

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has an established role in pathogenesis of metabolic etiologies. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is an important component of RAS that may influence metabolic outcomes in adipose tissue. The deletion "D allele", of ACE gene I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism has been shown to be associated with rise in the serum level of ACE. This study is designed to correlate the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and obesity in adult population of Pakistan. Our study included 535 individuals; 147 normal with body mass index (BMI) 19-24.9, 183 overweight (BMI 26-29.9) and 205 obese (BMI > 30). The individuals were genotyped for ACE gene I/D polymorphism. The ratio of ACE gene II and ID genotypes were not significantly different among normal, overweight and obese individuals. However, the DD genotype in normal, overweight and obese individuals was 12.9%, 18.0% and 28.8% respectively. DD genotype is significantly high (P = 0.002) in obese than in overweight and normal individuals. Thus the results of this study may suggest a possible association of the D allele in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism by affecting the ACE plasma level.
Immunohistochemical Study of Natural Killer Cells in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common malignancy all over the world. Immune picture is important in predicting clinical outcome with bladder cancer, so the aim of the present study was to investigate the number of killer cells in the tissue of the patients with the malignant and benign bladder cancer before treatment by using an antigen retrieval immunohistochemical method on archived bladder tumors tissue. In our study, the number of the patients tissue with malignant cancer that staining by immunohistochemistry of NK cells (20%) was lower than in benign (80%) (p≤0.01). The results of the present study were indicated that the lower level of the NK cells in the malignant tissues may be leads to impaired anti-tumor immune response toward the tumor cells and is subsequently unable to suppress progression of the tumor.
Intermittent Cholestasis as a Clinical Manifestation of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide (SLC10A1) Deficiency

The liver uptake of bile salts is accomplished in sodium-independent and sodiumdependent manners. The Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide SLC10A1 (NTCP) plays a key role in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. The identification of NTCP deficiency confirms that this transporter is the main import system for conjugated bile salts into the liver but also indicates that auxiliary transporters are able to sustain the enterohepatic cycle in its absence. NTCP deficiency has been described as new inborn error of metabolism with a relatively mild clinical phenotype. It is also a cause of hypercholanemia and cholestasis in children. Although NTCP was cloned as early as in 1994 and its function has been studied extensively, clinical description of NTCP deficiency remains rather limited thus far. The patient suffers from intermittent cholestasis and no signs of liver dysfunction despite transaminitis. Pruritus was present only in cholestasis episodes. A homozygous point mutation was found in the SLC10A1 gene resulting in a truncated protein. We present the first adult latin american patient with a defect in NTCP.
Priming and Alignment of Frame of Reference in Situated Conversation

In this paper, we study how the frame of reference (FoR) or perspective is communicated in dialogue through mechanisms such as linguistic priming and alignment (Pickering and Garrod, 2004). In order to isolate the contribution of these mechanisms we deliberately work with a constrained artiﬁcial dialogue scenario. First we collect data that deal with human behaviour in interpreting descriptions that are ambiguous in terms of the FoR. From these interpretations we extract and identify strategies for FoR assignment in conversations which we then apply to generate descriptions and measure human agreement with the system. Our ﬁndings conﬁrm that both speakers and hearers rely on such mechanisms in conversation.
β-cells in type II diabetes mellitus

In 1960, immunoassays of insulin first demonstrated significant quantities of circulating hormone in non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes and for 30 yr have fostered debate as to whether a β-cell abnormality plays an etiological role in this syndrome. Early efforts to determine the adequacy of islet β-cell function showed that obesity and its associated insulin resistance were major confounding variables. Subsequently, it was recognized that glucose not only directly regulated insulin synthesis and secretion but moderated all other islet signals, including other substrates, hormones, and neural factors. When both obesity and glucose are taken into account, it becomes clear that patients with fasting hyperglycemia all have abnormal islet function. Type II diabetes is characterized by a defect in first-phase or acute glucose-induced insulin secretion and a deficiency in the ability of glucose to potentiate other islet nonglucose β-cell secretagogues. The resulting hyperglycemia compensates for the defective glucose potentiation and maintains nearly normal basal insulin levels and insulin responses to nonglucose secretagogues but does not correct the defect in first-phase glucose-induced insulin release. Before the development of fasting hyperglycemia, only first-phase glucose-induced insulin secretion is obviously defective. This is because progressive islet failure is matched by rising glucose levels to maintain basal and second-phase insulin output. The relationship between islet function and fasting plasma glucose is steeply curvilinear, so that there is a 75% loss of β-cell function by the time the diagnostic level of 140 mg/dl is exceeded. This new steady state is characterized by glucose overproduction and inefficient utilization. Insulin resistance is also present in most patients and contributes to the hyperglycemia by augmenting the glucose levels needed for compensation. Decompensation and absolute hypoinsulinemia occur when the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded and prevents further elevation of circulating glucose. The etiology of the islet β-cell lesion is not known, but a hypothesis based on basal hyperproinsulinemia and islet amyloid deposits in the pancreas of type II diabetes is reviewed. The recent discovery of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin, which is the major constituent of islet amyloid deposits, is integrated into this hypothesis. It is suggested that pro-IAPP and proinsulin processing and mature peptide secretion normally occur together and that abnormal processing, secondary to or in conjunction with defects in hormone secretion, lead to progressive accumulation of intracellular IAPP and pro-IAPP, which in cats, monkeys, and humans form intracellular fibrils and amyloid deposits with a loss of β-cell mass. This process is accelerated by increased β-cell demand from insulin resistance. Thus, type II diabetes is reviewed as a heterogenous disorder in which islet dysfunction plays a critical role. Insulin resistance interacts to produce the final syndrome, in which deposition of pancreatic islet amyloid is probably an important long-term contributor.
The advancement of behavioural insights and its challenges for effective policy tool design

Behavioural insights are becoming increasingly popular with policy practitioners. Findings and methods originally provided by cognitive psychology and later behavioural economics have found use in the formulation of public policies. Their most popularised application has emerged under the auspices of Libertarian Paternalism in the form of ‘nudging’. Its proponents claim to provide a new instrument to facilitate the formulation of effective and evidence-based policy, taking people’s actual behaviour into account from the outset, while preserving their liberty to choose. This paper reviews the origins of Libertarian Paternalism and the behavioural insights it builds on, and takes a critical look at the normative foundations nudging relies on as a policy tool. It also discusses the ongoing efforts to build policy capacity to integrate behavioural insights and experimental methods in the creation of public policy. While behavioural insights offer a powerful tool to re-shape and design new evidence-based policy, designers – and the targets of those policies – should be aware of the distinctly normative basis that many of the most celebrated examples of nudging come with despite their empiric appearance.
Evolving coral reef conservation with genetic information

Targeted conservation and management programs are crucial for mitigating anthropogenic threats to declining biodiversity. Although evolutionary processes underpin extant patterns of biodiversity, it is uncommon for resource managers to explicitly consider genetic data in conservation prioritization. Genetic information is inherently relevant to management because it describes genetic diversity, population connectedness, and evolutionary history; thereby typifying their behavioral traits, physiological climate tolerance, evolutionary potential, and dispersal ability. Incorporating genetic information into spatial conservation prioritization starts with reconciling the terminology and techniques used in genetics and conservation science. Genetic data vary widely in analyses and their interpretations can be challenging even for experienced geneticists. Therefore, identifying objectives, decision rules, and implementations in decision support tools specifically for management using genetic data is challenging. Here, we outline a framework for eight genetic system characteristics, their measurement, and how they could be incorporated in spatial conservation prioritization for two contrasting objectives: biodiversity preservation vs maintaining ecological function and sustainable use. We illustrate this framework with an example using data from Tridacna crocea (Lamarck, 1819) (boring giant clam) in the Coral Triangle. We find that many reefs highlighted as conservation priorities with genetic data based on genetic subregions, genetic diversity, genetic distinctness, and connectivity are not prioritized using standard practices. Moreover, different characteristics calculated from the same samples resulted in different spatial conservation priorities. Our results highlight that omitting genetic information from conservation decisions may fail to adequately represent processes regulating biodiversity, but that conservation objectives related to the choice of genetic system characteristics require careful consideration.
Antiviral activity of total polysaccharide fraction of water and ethanol extracts of Pleurotus pulmonarius against the influenza A virus

New data of antiviral properties of species of the genus Pleurotus are given in the article. Seven samples of one species of pleurotoid fungi, Pleurotus pulmonarius, collected in various habitats and substrates of the Novosibirsk Region, was studied for antiviral activity against the current highly pathogenic strain of influenza virus A/California/07/09(H1N1pdm). As a result, it was found that ethanol extracts from fungi exhibit a more pronounced antiviral effect than aqueous extracts. In this connection, ethanol extraction is a more promising method for extracting the total polysaccharide fraction of fungi, in order to create promising preparations with antiviral properties. Fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius are potential sources of drugs, with antiviral action against socially significant viral infections caused by the influenza virus. Fruit bodies and cultivated mycelium of P. pulmonarius are a promising source of extracts with fungal polysaccharides.
Broadband Circularly Polarized Antennas with Improved Gain

Abstract ─ A broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with improved gain is proposed. The broadband CP antenna consists of two folded off-center-fed dipoles. Due to the two-dipole configuration, the antenna gain is improved by almost 2 dB. It is shown by simulation and experiment that the broadband CP antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 52% (1.71-2.89 GHz) for reflection coefficient<-15 dB and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 45% (1.75-2.73 GHz) for AR<3 dB. The average antenna gain is about 10 dBi. A differentiallyfed broadband CP antenna is also developed. Simulated and measured results show that the differentially-fed CP antenna fulfills an impedance bandwidth of 60% (1.53-2.83 GHz) for differential reflection coefficient <-15 dB and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 44% (1.76-2.75 GHz). The average antenna gain is about 10 dBi. The gain-improved broadband CP antennas feature a simple planar configuration, which are suitable for applications in satellite/wireless communications.
NOVEL SUPER LIFT LUO-CONVERTER BASED ON SHEPPARD-TAYLOR TOPOLOGY

This article presents a novel negative output elementary super lift Luo converter (NOESLLC) based on the Sheppard-Taylor (S-T) topology operated in a continuous inductor current with the classical proportional-integral (PI) controller for high voltage applications. The NOESLLC based on S-T is one of the topologies of DC choppers. The advantages of NOESLLC based on S-T over the traditional NOESLLCs are reduced ripples in the inductor current and capacitor voltage, high output voltage generation with minimum duty ratio, high voltage transfer gain, and a simpler structure. The NOESLLC based on S-T is built with fewer components and devices compared to the S-T converter and the conventional NOESLLC. Further, it is capable of manipulating the output voltage and produces good efficiencies at different operating stages through different input voltages, load resistances, and duty cycles. The importance of NOESLLC based on S-T over the traditional soft switching converters is that its main switches close with Zero Current Switching (ZCS) and the diodes open with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). In this study, the classic PI controller was designed for NOESLLC on the basis of S-T to improve its dynamic performance and output voltage regulation for different supply voltages and load resistance variations. The characteristics of the NOESLLC based on S-T using a classical PI controller are verified through a MATLAB/Simulink model under different working conditions compared with the traditional NOESLLC. The results show that the NOESLLC based on S-T is more capable in comparison with the conventional NOESLLC. Keyword: Super lift Luo-converter, negative output super lift Luo-Converter, sheppard taylor, continuous conduction mode, soft-switching, zero transition switching, classical PI controller and state-space average modeling. NOMENCLATURE Vin Input voltage C1, C2 and C3 Energy storage Capacitors L Inductor VL Voltage across the inductor D1, D2, D3, D4 Diodes Vc1 Voltage across the capacitor one Vo Output voltage d, d1 Duty ratio T Switching time period Vc3 Voltage across the capacitor 3 LB Critical inductance
Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on growth and carcass composition of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus)

The present study was designed to evaluate the use of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) as a protein source for hybrid red tilapia. Spirulina was incorporated into four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets at 0, 5, 10 and 20% of the fishmeal-based diet. The test diets were fed to the fish at 2% body weight twice a day for 120 days. The final weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate of fish were not affected by spirulina supplementation (p>0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in carcass proximate composition of the fish fed on spirulina diets as compared to those on control diet. This study demonstrates that up to 20% of spirulina can be substituted for fishmeal in a fishmeal-based diet for hybrid red tilapia without any adverse effect on fish growth.
Simple Effect Measures for Interpreting Models for Ordinal Categorical Data

We survey effect measures for models for ordinal categorical data that can be simpler to interpret that the model parameters. For describing the effect of an explanatory variable while adjusting for other explanatory variables, we present probability-based measures, including a measure of relative size and partial effect measures based on instantaneous rates of change. We also discuss summary measures of predictive power that are analogs of R-squared and multiple correlation for quantitative response variables. We illustrate the measures for an example and provide R code for implementing them. 2 Tarantola and Agresti