Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Children Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Beyond the Current Season: Cross-reactivity With Past and Future Strains.

BACKGROUND Influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing the effectiveness of prior immune protection. METHODS Children aged 9-14 years received 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Vaccination history, hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers, and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed to investigate the cross-reactivity with past and future influenza virus strains. RESULTS 2010-2011 TIV induced significant T-cell responses and HI titers of ≥160, with a fold-rise of ≥4 and titers of ≥100 maintained for >7 months in the majority of children. Pre-existing memory B cells in these children differentiated quickly to antibody-secreting cells to the new vaccine antigens. Children vaccinated in the previous year maintained high HI titers well into 2010, demonstrating elevated HI titers against A/Perth/16/2009, the future (in 2010-2011) H3N2 component. Prior vaccination enhanced CD8+ T-cell responses to A/Perth/16/2009. Children vaccinated with the prior 2009-2010 seasonal vaccine also demonstrated higher preexisting levels of interferon γ-secreting CD4+CD69+ T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Children previously vaccinated with 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine also showed greater expansion of tumor necrosis factor α-secreting CD8+CD69+ T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) upon vaccination in the 2010-2011 season than those who were not previously vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal influenza viruses continuously drift, which allows them to circumvent protective immunity, but conserved epitopes provide immunological cross-reactivity in children through either vaccination directly or through prime/boost in the prior influenza season.
Stopband prediction with dispersion diagram for electromagnetic bandgap structures in printed circuit boards

Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures that prevent propagation of electromagnetic waves within a given frequency range are quite effective in suppressing simultaneous switching noise on parallel power planes. However, it is quite time consuming to compute the stopband frequencies of interest using full-wave electromagnetic simulation of the entire structure. In contrast, using dispersion-diagram analysis based on a unit- cell network of EBG structures is more efficient and less time consuming. This paper presents an approach for two-dimensional EBG structures by extending a well-known dispersion-diagram analysis of one-dimensional infinite periodic structures. The stopbands predicted with the proposed analysis were compared with good agreement to measured and simulated results. In addition, the concept was applied to test the stopband range of EBG structures formed on an actual printed circuit board with a test coupon of an EBG unit cell placed on the same board.
Bootstrapping multiparton loop amplitudes in QCD

The authors present a new method for computing complete one-loop amplitudes, including their rational parts, in non-supersymmetric gauge theory. This method merges the unitarity method with on-shell recursion relations. It systematizes a unitarity-factorization bootstrap approach previously applied by the authors to the one-loop amplitudes required for next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the processes e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} Z, {gamma}* {yields} 4 jets and pp {yields} W + 2 jets. We illustrate the method by reproducing the one-loop color-ordered five-gluon helicity amplitudes in QCD that interfere with the tree amplitude, namely A{sub 5;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup -}, 3{sup +}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup +}) and A{sub 5;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup +}, 3{sup -}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup +}). Then we describe the construction of the six- and seven-gluon amplitudes with two adjacent negative-helicity gluons, A{sub 6;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup -}, 3{sup +}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup +}, 6{sup +}) and A{sub 7;1}(1{sup -}, 2{sup -}, 3{sup +}, 4{sup +}, 5{sup +}, 6{sup +}, 7{sup +}), which uses the previously-computed logarithmic parts of the amplitudes as input. They present a compact expression for the six-gluon amplitude. No loop integrals are required to obtain the rational parts.
Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk factors in a population-based study

Objective To determine the relationships between pulse wave velocity (PWV), an estimate of arterial distensibility and cardiovascular risk factors. Design This cross-sectional population-based study was carried out from 1995 to 1997 to investigate these relationships. Population and methods Some 993 subjects, aged 35–64 years (52.7% men), living in the south-west of France, were randomly selected from electoral rolls and participated in a cross-sectional study. Medical examinations were performed by specially trained medical staff. Carotid-femoral PWV was measured using a semi-automatic device (Complior, Garges les Gonesse, France). The relationships between PWV and risk factors were assessed, first in subjects not treated with hypolipidaemic, antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs and then in treated subjects. In subjects not treated for cardiovascular risk factors, age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (P < 0.001) were the variables significantly associated with PWV. In treated patients, age (P< 0.01), SBP (P< 0.001), heart rate (P< 0.001), apolipoprotein B (P< 0.05) and the number of treated cardiovascular risk factors (P< 0.05) were positively correlated with PWV. Conclusion This study shows that, in a sample of subjects at high risk, the cumulative influence of risk factors, even treated, is an independent determinant of arterial stiffness. These results suggest that PWV may be used as a relevant tool to assess the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on aortic stiffness in high-risk patients.
The Codevelopment of Sympathy and Overt Aggression From Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence

We assessed the extent to which feelings of sympathy and aggressive behaviors codeveloped from 6 to 12 years of age in a representative sample of Swiss children (N = 1,273). Caregivers and teachers reported children’s sympathy and overt aggression in 3-year intervals. Second-order latent curve models indicated general mean-level declines in sympathy and overt aggression over time, although the decline in sympathy was relatively small. Importantly, both trajectories were characterized by significant interindividual variability. A bivariate second-order latent curve model revealed a small—moderate negative correlation between the latent slopes of sympathy and overt aggression, suggesting an inverse codevelopmental relationship between the constructs from middle childhood to early adolescence. In terms of predictive effects, an autoregressive cross-lagged model indicated a lack of bidirectional relations between sympathy and overt aggression, underscoring the primacy of the variables’ rank-order stability. We discuss the codevelopment and developmental relations of sympathy and aggression, their potential conjoint social-emotional mechanisms, and the practical implications thereof.
Shop Around: An Experiment on Air Force Vehicle Parts Procurement

Current procurement processes for vehicle parts vary substantially across the Air Force. Many of these parts are “commercial off-the-shelf” items that are procured through local vendors via a government purchase card. Understanding what guidance dictates various purchasing processes and how that guidance affects the behavior of purchasers is unknown. A mixed method approach of semi-structured interviews of purchasers at multiple bases and an experimental survey testing different sets of guidance are used to understand the effects of guidance. as well as produce recommendations for action and future research for leaders at the local and headquarters levels.
Neurally evoked responses of human isolated resistance arteries are mediated by both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

1. Human subcutaneous resistance arteries (internal diameter 113-626 microns) were mounted in an isometric myograph. Electrical field stimulation was applied either continuously in the form of a frequency-response curve or intermittently at 16 Hz. The magnitude of the maximum contraction induced by continuous stimulation expressed as a percentage of the response to a supramaximal concentration of noradrenaline (10 microM) was highly variable but unrelated to vessel calibre. Contractile responses to both continuous and intermittent stimulation were abolished by 1 microM tetrodotoxin. 2. Prazosin (100 nM and 1 microM, alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist) inhibited responses to continuous stimulation over a range of frequencies (2-8 Hz). The response to continuous stimulation at 8 Hz was inhibited by 78 +/- 6% by 1 microM prazosin. Rauwolscine (100 nM, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) had a smaller effect on contractions induced by continuous stimulation. Rauwolscine inhibited the response at 8 Hz by 36 +/- 6%. Rauwolscine at a higher concentration (1 microM) caused further inhibition of the response to continuous stimulation. Prazosin and rauwolscine in combination almost completely inhibited the response to continuous stimulation at concentrations of 1 microM. 3. Prazosin and rauwolscine inhibited responses to intermittent stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 for this action of prazosin was 3.7 +/- 1.6 nM and the maximum inhibition induced by 100 nM prazosin was 78 +/- 6%. The IC50 of rauwolscine was 12.0 +/- 1.3 nM and 100 nM rauwolscine caused a 86 +/- 7% reduction in the response to intermittent stimulation.Prazosin and rauwolscine in combination (each at 100 nM) caused marked inhibition of the response to intermittent stimulation leaving only 7.0 +/- 2.6% of the response.4. These data suggest that neurally released noradrenaline evokes contractions of human resistance arteries by activation of both alpha 1,- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors postjunctionally.
A phase II study of adriamycin (NSC 123127) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from Zambia and the United States

Nineteen Zambian and 22 American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with Adriamycin every three weeks in intravenous doses ranging from 20–75 mg/m2 (depending upon their initial serum bilirubin levels). Four of 16 (25%) „good risk”︁ Zambian and American patients who received 75 mg/m2 had objective responses, while in five additional patients there was evidence of either transient tumor regression or disease stabilization. In contrast three of 25 „poor risk”︁ patients who received 20–60 mg/m2 had objective responses. Even in this latter group, however, transient, objective signs of tumor regression were noted in four patients. The results of the present study confirm previous reports suggesting anti‐tumor activity for high doses of Adriamycin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Since those responses seen were generally incomplete and transient, further clinical trials of this agent used in combination or sequentially with other agents are indicated.
Gender Differences in the Primary Prevention of Stroke with Aspirin

Aspirin is used to prevent ischemic stroke and other types of cardiovascular disease. Seven trials of aspirin focusing on the effectiveness of primary prevention of stroke and other cardiovascular events have been performed, but three of these did not include women. Data from these trials, and one meta-analysis, suggest that aspirin prevents myocardial infarction in men and stroke in women, although the findings in women were driven by the results of a single large study, and a subsequent meta-analysis did not find a gender difference. The reasons for the possible gender differences in aspirin's effectiveness are not entirely clear.
Regulation of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Biochemical steps of the pyrimidine pathway have been found to be the same in yeast as in bacteria, and all except one step have been characterized. The activities of the first two enzymes, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and aspartic transcarbamylase, are simultaneously controlled by feedback inhibition and repression. Moreover, these enzymes are coded by the same genetic region (ura-2) and seem to form a single enzymatic complex. The enzymes that follow later in the pathway are induced in a sequential way by the intermediary products and are insensitive to pyrimidine repression. The corresponding genes (ura-4, ura-1, ura-3) are not linked to each other or to ura-2, the gene for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and aspartic transcarbamylase. Mutants that have simultaneously lost feedback inhibition by uridine triphosphate for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and for aspartic transcarbamylase have been found and mapped in the gene ura-2.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Evolution and Dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains (Saskatchewan, Canada, 2005 to 2008) Reveals Three Major Circulating Strains and Convergent Evolution of Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Resistance

ABSTRACT A longitudinal study combining multilocus sequence typing with molecular evolutionary analysis determined the distribution, population structure, and evolution of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Saskatchewan that were collected between 2005 and 2008. Of 195 gonococcal isolates examined, 29 sequence types (STs) were identified with 3 major circulating strains (ST-1 through ST-3) comprising 52% of all gonococcal isolates studied. The prevalences, persistence, distribution patterns, and clonalities of these isolates strongly suggest that gonorrhea endemicity within this broad geographic region was driven by these 3 circulating strains. ST-1 exhibited a significantly (P = 0.001) higher prevalence throughout the study than did the others, accounting for ∼25% of the tested isolates each year. The spatial distributions of the gonococcal strains indicated that ST-1 in 2007 entered a linear component of the sexual network, reaching the remote north and resulting in the further spread and maintenance of infection. Ciprofloxacin and azithromycin resistances were observed in distantly related gonococcal lineages, clearly indicating the convergent acquisition of these antibiotic-resistant phenotypes. In addition, all ciprofloxacin- and azithromycin-resistant lineages were found at the edges of the minimum spanning tree, far from the major lineages, suggesting that these antibiotic phenotypes were most likely introduced into the province. In contrast, resistance to penicillin was found mostly in the endemic gonococcal lineages, suggesting that penicillin resistance was probably acquired in Saskatchewan as a result of spontaneous mutations in already-established lineages. Tetracycline resistance was present in all STs except one, indicating its ubiquitous nature in the gonococcal population studied.
The Effect of IPR on the Condition of SMEs Survival; An Empirical Study of 800 SMEs of Company A from 1991 to the End of 2017 in Taiwan

Any powerful treatise comes from qualified enough evidence in Scientific Century 21th. Empirical research can supplement that lack of sufficient evidence to build stronger. There are many topics to discuss how important IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights) or ICs (Intellectual Property Rights Capital) are, but lack of advanced analysis for how separate countable IPRs affect SMEs in detail. We utilize 800 enterprises, which have a real trading record with company A from 1991 to 2017 and have paid tax to government, to analyze above problem through correlations, hypothesis and regression methods. The goal of this research is to supplement existing shortage evidence in details not to argue any questions for any researcher. We hope the outcome of this research can be a worthful and a better reference or guidance for those SMEs, or entrepreneurs, or managers, or government…etc. in the future. We know that power of life comes from the condition of Survival, at the same time, all continuous contribution of SMEs come from the condition of SMEs Survival, too. Here, the major goals of this study are how separate countable IPRs affects the condition of SMEs Survival to support those propositions, what emphasize the importance of IPRs. Finally, we suggest a guideline of IPRs investment priority sequence for those leaders or owners of entrepreneurs, SMEs…etc., who plan to make IPRs investment strategy decision.
Sleep patterns of New Zealand infants during the first 12 months of life

Abstract The sleeping patterns of 874 infants aged 1–12 months were recorded by parents over a 6 day period. The most striking feature of the results was the wide range in total hours slept by infants of the same age, for example, the average total sleeping time per 24 h period for 4 month old infants was 14.8 h with a range of 11.0–19.3 h. Furthermore, over the 6 day period, individual infants showed wide variations in their sleeping times with a range as great as 12 h. Despite these wide variations, several clear trends emerged: from 1 to 8 months, a decrease with age of the average number of hours slept per 24 h period; and from 8 to 12 months, and a continuing shift towards a dominance of night over day sleep. The frequency of night wakings was, on average, 77%, a finding that contrasted sharply with parental perception of frequency of night waking; the transition from bassinet/carrycot to cot was most common between 3 and 4 months of age; 25% of babies slept with the light on, 9% used a dummy, and 37% sucked their fingers; first‐born infants woke significantly less often at night than those with one or more sibling. These results provide an important comparative data set on the sleep patterns of infants.
Implication of good corporate governance and leverage on earnings management

Company management (agent) is the party most concerned to practice earnings management to deceive the users of financial statements so that management gain private gain (obtaining privat gains). In addition, firms with high leverage ratios are influential in performing earnings management practices because the company is in default. The existence of the principle of good corporate governance is expected to minimize earnings management resulting in financial statements do not describe the fundamental value of the company actually . The study aims at stating wheader is p roves significant influence between the i nstitutional ownership, the composition of independent commissioners, the size of the board of directors, the size of the company and the leverage on earnings management . The results of research on non-bank companies listed in LQ 45 in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2013-2016 show that partially the composition of independent commissioners, firm size and leverage have a positive effect on earnings management. When tested simultaneously indicate that instisional ownership, composition of commissioner independent, the composition of the board of directors, the size of the company and leverage have a significant effect on earnings management. The size of the company is a research variable that has a dominant influence on earnings management, because the larger the size or scale of the company it will be easier for the company in obtaining funding sources, both internal and external.
Bond tilting and sliding friction in a model of cell adhesion

As a simple theoretical model of a cell adhering to a biological interface, we consider a rigid cylinder moving in a viscous shear flow near a wall. Adhesion forces arise through intermolecular bonds between receptors on the cell and their ligands on the wall, which form flexible tethers that can stretch and tilt as the base of the cell moves past the wall; binding kinetics is assumed to follow a standard model for slip bonds. By introducing a finite resistance to bond tilting, we use our model to explore the territory between previous theoretical models that allow for either zero or infinite resistance to bond rotation. A microscale calculation (for two parallel sliding plates) reveals a nonlinear force–speed relation arising from bond formation, tilting and breakage. Two distinct types of macroscale cell motion are then predicted: either bonds adhere strongly and the cell rolls (or tank treads) over the wall without slipping, or the cell moves near its free-stream speed with bonds providing weak frictional resistance to sliding. The model predicts bistability between these two states, implying that at critical shear rates the system can switch abruptly between rolling and free sliding, and suggesting that sliding friction arising through bond tilting may play a significant dynamical role in some cell-adhesion applications.
A FRAMEWORK IDENTIFYING FACTORS INFLUENCING TRAVEL MOTIVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DESTINATIONS

Sustainable tourism development has become a widely concerned topic for tourism sector. There is also a broad range of topics on travel motivations. However, there are rare researches identifying travel motivations for sustainable tourism destinations. This study aims at providing a tool to specify travel motivations for sustainable tourism destinations. A framework with potential factors influencing tourist choice to visit a sustainable tourism destination is presented. And the framework includes four variables, namely: socio-demographic items, travel behaviour patterns, push factors and pull factors. Future researches to answer why or why not tourists choose a sustainable tourism destination can be developed based on the framework.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Synergy Studies of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

ABSTRACT Susceptibility (18 antimicrobial agents including high-dose tobramycin) and checkerboard synergy (23 combinations) studies were performed for 2,621 strains of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from 1,257 cystic fibrosis patients. Minocycline, meropenem, and ceftazidime were the most active, inhibiting 38%, 26%, and 23% of strains, respectively. Synergy was rarely noted (range, 1% to 15% of strains per antibiotic combination).
A Survey on Attribute-Based Anonymous Access Control for Maximum of K-Times in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has emerged as the most dominant computational paradigm in recent times. A proper access control is the fundamental security requirement in any cloud environment, to avoid unauthorized access to the cloud systems. This paper proposes a Cloud Access control, which is a cryptographic approach particularly designed for supporting cloud computing environment. In this new notion, a user can authenticate to the cloud computing server anonymously. The server only knows the user acquires some required attributes, yet it does not know the identity of the user. In addition, it provides a limit on the access control. That is, the server may limit a particular set of users (i.e., those users with the same set of attribute) to access the system for a maximum k-times within a period or an event. Further additional access will be denied.
Phase Response Curves to Neuropeptide Y in Wildtype and Tau Mutant Hamsters

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing fibers project from the intergeniculate leaflet to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. NPY has been shown to phase shift the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of wildtype hamsters, producing large phase advances in the subjective day and small delays in the subjective night. Previous studies have implicated this pathway in the mediation of activity-induced resetting of the circadian clock. Homozygous tau mutant and wildtype hamsters respond very differently to pulses of activity Not only is the amplitude of the phase response curve exaggerated in the mutants with shifts of up to 7 h, but the stimuli are effective at different times during the cycle. Homozygous tau mutant hamsters and wildtype controls were implanted with guide cannulas aimed at the suprachiasmatic nucleus and injected with NPY at various times during the circadian cycle. The responses of homozygous tau mutant hamsters to NPY resembled their responses to nonphotic stimuli in both timing and direction of phase shift. This finding provides correlational evidence that NPY is involved in the effects of nonphotic behavioral events on the circadian system.