Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial Spectrum of Fruit in Gondar town Markets, North Western Ethiopia

Fresh fruits pro mote good health. They are highly perishable and affected by d ifferent microbial contaminates fro m production up to consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the important microbial spectrum of selected fruits and their management fro m Gondar town market. A total of 64 fru it samples were analy zed and pathogens were detection from the wash and the peel of fru its. The mean aerobic mesophillic count (AMC) ranged fro m 4.7x10 8 to 2.5x10 10 fro m the wash and from 2.96x10 5 to 3.2x10 9 fro m the peel. The total coliform count (TCC) ranged fro m 6.64x10 3 to 4.89x10 4 fro m the wash and 3.12x10 3 to 5.95x10 3 fro m the peel. Mold and yeast count ranged from1.63x10 3 to 3.46x10 4 fro m the wash and 8.03x10 2 to 1.32x10 3 fro m the peel. There was statistical significance difference regarding to AMC, TCC and mold and yeast count between the wash and the peel. Fro m 64 samples E. co li was found in 31(48.4%) of fruits, Pseudomonas aeroginosa was isolated fro m 13 (20.3 %) samples, Salmonella was detected fro m 25(39.1%) samples, Staphylococcus aureus was identified fro m 35 (54.68%) samples, Sh igella was found in 10 (15.6 %) samples. Majority of pathogens were sensitive to gentamicin and tetracycline. Market, conditions that favor contamination fro m poor hygiene of the venders, using microbial unsafe container poor handling practice and poor environmental conditions such as sanitarily unsafe marketing environment were identified.
Speech perception in noise mechanisms

Background and Aim: It will be discussed about five mechanisms in relation to speech in noise perception; including neural encoding and decoding, centrifugal pathways, pitch perception, asymmetric sampling in time and cognitive skills. These mechanisms are related to each other and each is important to recognize speech in noise. In this article, we have tried to rely on the latest studies to describe the mechanisms as mentioned. In the end, we will refer to word in noise training. Methods: In this review study, the articles related to speech perception in noise published in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Springer database, were collected and investigated. Keywords include speech in noise and related words. Conclusion: It can be concluded that mentioned mechanisms have a considerable effect on speech in noise perception. It should be noticed that word in noise training cause these mechanisms to improve by covering some of them.
HMM-based Speech Synthesis from Audio Book Data

In contrast to hand-crafted speech databases, which contain short out-of-context sentences in fairly unemphatic speech style, audio books contain rich prosody including intonation contours, pitch accents and phrasing patterns, which is a good pre-requisite for building a natural sounding synthetic voice. The following paper will give an overview of the steps that are involved in building a synthetic voice from audio book data. After an introduction to the theory of HMM-based speech synthesis, the properties of the speech database will be described in detail. It will be argued that it is necessary to model specific properties of the database, such as higher pitched speech or questions, to achieve a better quality synthetic voice. Furthermore, the acoustic modelling of these properties will be explained in detail. Finally, the synthetic voice is evaluated on the basis of an online listening test.
Radical, reformist, and garden-variety neoliberal: coming to terms with urban agriculture's contradictions

For many activists and scholars, urban agriculture in the Global North has become synonymous with sustainable food systems, standing in opposition to the dominant industrial agri-food system. At the same time, critical social scientists increasingly argue that urban agriculture programmes, by filling the void left by the “rolling back” of the social safety net, underwrite neoliberalisation. I argue that such contradictions are central to urban agriculture. Drawing on existing literature and fieldwork in Oakland, CA, I explain how urban agriculture arises from a protective counter-movement, while at the same time entrenching the neoliberal organisation of contemporary urban political economies through its entanglement with multiple processes of neoliberalisation. By focusing on one function or the other, however, rather than understanding such contradictions as internal and inherent, we risk undermining urban agriculture's transformative potential. Coming to terms with its internal contradictions can help activists, policy-makers and practitioners better position urban agriculture within coordinated efforts for structural change, one of many means to an end rather than an end unto itself.
Biosynthesis of Lycorine by in Vitro Cultures of Pancratium Maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

ABSTRACT Seeds of Pancratium maritimum collected from the natural populations along Bulgarian Black Sea coast were in vitro germinated in 2005 and cultures were maintained under equal conditions for three years (MS based medium with BAP and NAA; 23±2°C and 16/8 light/dark photoperiod). Directly regenerated bulblets with diameter of about 6–8 mm were cultured in parallel for two months on agar solidified and in liquid media containing 3 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA. Alkaloid determination by HPLC proved biosynthesis of lycorine which antiviral and antitumor properties are well known. Lycorine accumulation was up to 2.90 and 1.53 mg/g DW in the cultures grown on agar and in liquid medium, respectively, which was highly promising as first trials to produce this alkaloid in vitro. Additionally, bulblets were regenerated from callus cultures and comparison was done concerning the morphology of directly and indirectly obtained plantlets. Bulblet growth varied in accordance with the sucrose quantity in the medium as well.
: A Video Dance of Detection, Recounting and Search with Motion Relativity and Concept Learning from Wild

The VIREO group participated in four tasks: instance search , multimedia event recounting , multimedia event detection , and semantic indexing . In this paper, we will present our approaches and discuss the evaluation results. Instance Search (INS) : We submitted four runs in total, experimenting three search paradigms for particular objects retrieval: (1) an elastic spatial consistency checking method; (2) a background context weighting strategy; and (3) a re-ranking step based on objects mining. The ﬁrst two approaches are similar as last year [1], while the last one is our new exploration. Our submissions are all based on BoW model and tailored for the INS task. In particular, we use Delaunay Triangulation (DT) to address the complex spatial transformations for non-planar and non-rigid queries; the lack of information for small query objects is tackled with context modeling; and object mining augments the results by exploring frequent instances in TV series. -
Estimating preferences for controlling beach erosion in Sicily

This study applied discrete-choice experiments to estimate preferences for a program aimed at reducing the retreatment of the sandy beach at “Lido di Noto”, a renowned Sicilian bathing resort close to Noto (Italy). Econometric analysis of data was based on Multinomial Logit (MNL), Latent Class (LC) and Mixed Logit (MXL) models. Findings shown that users appreciated the advancement of the current coastline through nourishment, and negatively perceived the construction of emerged sea barriers. MXL and LC models revealed that preferences were heterogeneous.
Performance of Range and Return Based Volatility Estimators: Evidence from Indian Crude Oil Futures Market

This study compares the performance of various daily and intraday range based estimators for crude oil futures, which is one of the most liquid futures traded at Multi Commodity Exchange India Limited (MCX) for the period from July 2005 to July 2011. Findings show that the intraday realized range based estimator performed best as compared to the daily range based and classical estimator in terms of both efficiency and bias. Results of volatility estimation and forecasting performance show that realized range based estimators seems to be more economical and efficient to estimate the ‘true’ volatility.
Regenerative Medicine as an Emergent Cluster in Tampere Region

Clusters are important for regional economies and emergent clusters are in a key position, as a means of adding more diversification to the current economic activity by involving new technologies and industries. Science-based industries may be the most promising in this regard since they are encouraged to develop and enhance the economic imaginaries of territories under the umbrella of radical innovations or in the name of broadening the current economic model based on mostly traditional industries. Regenerative medicine (RM) could be an example of these so-called emergent clusters. Regenerative medicine is highly dependent on academic research, which means that local territories must fund the research in this field and, hence, they expect some returns as well. As territories do not typically have existing industries specifically in RM, these industries must emerge or expand from existing ones. Regenerative medicine involves a wide spectrum of different technologies and industries that are likely to form a cluster and benefit from it if successfully developed. The first aim of this paper is to show how some obstacles eventually impede the proper development of these emergent clusters. The second aim is to shed light on how innovations emerge in the cluster and what are the main implications for the territory. In this study, existing literature is used in order to describe the technology market and commercial aspects of the RM sector. Empirically this study is based on the emergent RM cluster in the region of Tampere in Finland. Analysis of 24 conducted interviews helps to contextualize the emergence of the RM cluster in Tampere, where academia is both the booster and the driver of the emergent RM cluster. Commercialization of research in the RM field is one of the goals at the university, even though there are no commercial outcomes yet available. This study contributes to the understanding of emergent cluster development in science-based industries in their embryonic and early stages. Major challenges are pointed out in an emergent cluster that calls for tailor-made socio-economic policies at the meso-level. Tailored policies matter in science-based clusters, and specific sectors in specific stages of development need specific policies in order to become matured clusters.
Séparation voix / musique à partir d'enregistrements mono : quelques remarques sur le choix et l'adaptation des modèles

n The problem of singing voice extraction from mono audio recordings, i.e., one microphone separation of voice and music, is studied. The approaches are based on a priori probabilistic models for two sources. A comparative study of different models and estimators is done together with a study of the impact of heterogeneity between training data and data to be separated. We show that the adaptation of music model from the non vocal parts allows to obtain the good results in realistic conditions.
Identification of New Resistance Sources From Diploid Wild Strawberry Against Powdery Mildew Pathogen

Powdery mildew pathogen causes diseases in berries and resistance breeding is hampered by the lack of sufficient sources. While control of fungal pathogens relies on chemical fungicides. In either case, a reliable source of resistance for breeding purposes is imperative for efficient protection of the crop plants. A powdery mildew isolate designated GOU1 has been identified as Podosphaera aphanis var. aphanis using light microscopy and sequencing the ITS region. Pathogenicity tests on 3 diploid wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) ecotypes with GOU1 revealed 3 distinctive interaction phenotypes; enhanced susceptible (ecotype 1), intermediate susceptible (ecotype 2) and resistant (ecotype 3). In vitro staining methods with diaminobenzidine and trypan blue showed massive mycelial web and conidiophore production on the susceptible ecotype, but there was no mycelia and conidiophore production on the resistant ecotype 3. In the ecotype 3 conidiospore penetration was associated with accumulation of hydrogen peroxide production on the host cells. These findings suggest that these ecotypes could be explored as resistant gene sources to powdery mildew fungus.
Fourier vs. wavelet analysis: the case of the Adriatic Sea surface temperature

In this paper we compare two approaches (Fourier and wavelet) to spectral analysis of time series, using five-day averaged maps of remotely sensed Adriatic Sea surface temperature (SST) as an example. Both analyses have been performed in conjunction with empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the surface temperature fields. The Fourier power spectra of the first EOF mode (the dominant part of the overall signal, used to assess the difference in the approaches) were calculated using the Welch averaged periodogram. The Morlet mother wavelet was used in calculating the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). By using the CWT we were able to decompose 1-dimensional time series of the Adriatic SST variability into 2-dimensional time-frequency space, discerning the series` dominant modes of variability as well as changes in those modes over a 14-years period (1985-1998). The Fourier analysis singled out important, but by definition global, periodicities uniformly spanning the whole analysed period. In contrast, the wavelet analysis, besides annual and semi-annual harmonic, offered plenitude of other periods, with modal intensities changing in time.
Factors Influencing Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability in Chiredzi District of Zimbabwe

The study sought to understand household adaptation strategies to climate variability and analyse socioeconomic factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adaptation. A binary logit model was used to analyse the factors influencing household decision to adapt to climate variability. Results show that at farm level, the adaptation techniques employed included dry planting, conservation agriculture, planting short season crop varieties, holding prayers and religious festivals and crop diversification. From the binary logit model, access to extension , number of members fit to work, livestock holding, access to credit, neatively age of household head positively influenced adaptation decision while age of household head and farm income negatively influenced adaptation decision. Keywords: Climate change, Adaptation, binomial logit, smallholder farmers, resources, technology
The Political Economy of Trade-Financial Liberalization and Financial Underdevelopment: A perspective from China

Although financial development may facilitate economic growth over the long term, financial underdevelopment remains a salient feature of even leading emerging or transition economies. In principle, openness to both international trade and finance may weaken resistance to major financial reforms; however, the apparent failure to consolidate political support for such reforms in practice is not completely understood. This paper develops a simple model of the political economy of trade-financial liberalization that offers insights into this phenomenon. When applied to China, it not only facilitates a better understanding of its approach to financial integration in the global economy and why its relatively fragile state-bank dominated financial system has persisted; but more generally, it raises the question of whether limited de facto political competition in the domestic electoral system may be a binding constraint on the quantity and quality of the policies required to foster financial development.
Operating Systems Based on Benchmark A New Method to Measure Real-Time Performance Parameters of Embedded Program

This paper present s an improved benchmarkingbased real-time performance parameters measurement method for embedded operating systems. A set of kernel codes of some common used embedded application programs is selected as workload. Some special codes are inserted in the selected programs to control the generation of the expected test behavior. μC/OS-II embedded operating system are measured by the proposed method. The obtained results are compared with that of LMbench. The comparison result shows that the proposed method is more precise. By the method , the real-time performance of μC/OS-II running on ARM architectures is also measured. Therefore , the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are further verified. Keywords-embedded operating system; performance measurement ; real-time performance ; benchmark program
Taxonomies support preschoolers’ knowledge acquisition from storybooks

For young children, storybooks may serve as especially valuable sources of new knowledge. While most research focuses on how extratextual comments influence knowledge acquisition, we propose that children’s learning may also be supported by the specific features of storybooks. More specifically, we propose that texts that invoke children’s knowledge of familiar taxonomic categories may support learning by providing a conceptual framework through which prior knowledge and new knowledge can be readily integrated. In this study, 60 5-year olds were read a storybook that either invoked their knowledge of a familiar taxonomic category (taxonomic storybook) or focused on a common thematic grouping (traditional storybook). Following the book-reading, children’s vocabulary acquisition, literal comprehension, and inferential comprehension were assessed. Children who were read the taxonomic storybook demonstrated greater acquisition of target vocabulary and comprehension of factual content than children who were read the traditional storybook. Inferential comprehension, however, did not differ across the two conditions. We argue for the importance of careful consideration of book features and storybook selection in order to provide children with every opportunity to gain the knowledge foundational for successful literacy development.
Changes in the activities of metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defense system in 'Candidatus phytoplasma solani' infected pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants

Phytoplasmas are pathogens of important annual crops as well as perennial cultures, causing different symptoms that ranges from yellowing to death of infected plants. The aim of the present work was to analyze the changes in the activity of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, as well as in the content of total soluble sugars, tocopherols, and total phenolic compounds in field-grown pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) under the influence of phytoplasma infection. The activities of benzidine peroxidase (BPO) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPO) were observed to increase in infected pepper leaves in comparison with the healthy control. According to the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), the levels of studied antioxidant enzyme isoforms were enhanced under pathogenesis. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were also increased in the infected plants compared with healthy plants. The amount of tocopherols, soluble sugars, and total phenols was significantly higher in leaves due to the phytoplasma infection. In conclusion, all of the observed alterations could be considered to be the response and the adaptation ability of pepper plants against pathogen infection.
User Involvement in System Development Process

User involvement is playing a more and more important role in the system developing cycle.Meaningful user involvement in systems development and an overall user orientation is critical to the success of any development project. This paper will concern with the definition of user involvement, why it is considered desirable and how it works in the system development methodology. Furthermore, it will compare user involvement in two system development methodologies: SSM
Gender Inequality and Role-Strained among Male Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Institution, Lagos, Nigeria.

Gender discrimination remains problem in the world as a whole and unfortunately, nursing profession is not immune to this problem. Gender discrimination is rejection or restriction made on the basis of socially constructed gender roles which prevents a person from relishing full human rights. Role strain has been defined as when an individual is likely to experience tension in coping with the rations of dissenting roles. Role strain can occur when the men in nursing are observed by lecturers and peers to occupy a female role distinct with their masculine gender which may lead to diminishment of their individual contribution. Simple random sampling method was used to select nursing institutions that was included in the study and convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents that partook in the study. The study population is male nursing students from 200 level-500 level of the selected nursing institutions. A questionnaire including measures of gender role identity and perceived gender relevance of careers was administered to 205 male student nurses from three nursing institutions. The results showed that 32% of the respondents had not experienced gender bias during nursing school, whereas 68% reported gender bias from the lecturers and the nursing staff. This study has implications for nursing profession that address the current predicament in the nursing field caused by discrimination and social isolation that man face. Therefore, Nursing and Midwifery council of Nigeria should develop a strategic plan to addresses the eradication of discrimination and racism in and by the nursing profession.
Primary aragonite and high‐Mg calcite in the late Cambrian (Furongian). Potential evidence from marine carbonates in Oman

Transient aragonite seas occurred in the early Cambrian but several models suggest the late Cambrian was a time of calcite seas. Here, evidence is presented from the Andam Group, Huqf High, Oman (Gondwana) that suggests a transient Furongian (late Cambrian) aragonite sea, characterized by the precipitation of aragonite and high‐Mg calcite ooids and aragonite isopachous, fibrous, cements. Stable carbon isotope data suggest that precipitation occurred just before and during the SPICE (Steptoean Positive Carbonate Isotope Excursion). Aragonite and high‐Mg calcite precipitation can be accounted for if mMg:Ca ratios were around 1.2 given the very high atmospheric CO2 at that time and if precipitation occurred in warm waters associated with the SPICE. This, together with reported occurrences of early Furongian aragonite ooids from various locations in North America (Laurentia), suggests that aragonite and high‐Mg calcite precipitation from seawater may have been more than just a local phenomenon.
Effect of Storage on Various Honey Quality Parameters of Unifloral Sidder Honey from Pakistan

The sidder or ber honey of Pakistan can be stored for one year without seriously compromising with its quality. Although the values of various quality criteria had altered over a period of one-year; but they remained within the permissible limits. After one year of storage the pH varied between 7.4 and 6.8 for Bannu ber honey, 7.2 and 6.9 for Karak ber honey and 5.6 and 4.9 for Chunian ber honey. Similarly free acidity ranged between 6.5 and 29 meq/kg, 5.5 and 17meq/kg, 16 and 36.5meq/kg, lactone 0-2.7meq/kg, 1- 7.5meq/kg, 0-2.5meq/kg, total acidity 6.5- 31.7meq/kg, 6.5-24.5meq/kg, 16-39meq/kg, Electrical conductivity between 0.53- 0.61mS/cm, 0.51-0.56mS/cm and 0.22- 0.40mS/cm, HMF content between 2- 11.2mg/kg, 1.7-10.5mg/kg, 4.6-26.9mg/kg, Proline content between 608.4-341.2mg/kg, 2800-476mg/kg, 621.2-147.3mg/kg, Diastase number between 33-23.4DN, 31-23.8DN, 42- 27DN and Invertase number between 72.2-50.1, 68.7-52.9 and 90.27-44.7 for Bannu, Karak and Chunian ber honey, respectively.