Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QuikClot use in trauma for hemorrhage control: case series of 103 documented uses.

BACKGROUND Local hemostatics have recently been introduced for field use to control external hemorrhage. The objective of this report is to describe the initial clinical experience with QuikClot, a zeolite that works by absorbing water and concentrating coagulation factors to stop bleeding in a series of patients. METHODS Documented cases using a self-reporting survey sheet submitted by the users and first-hand detailed interviews with the users when possible. RESULTS There were 103 documented cases of QuikClot use: 69 by the US military in Iraq, 20 by civilian trauma surgeons and 14 by civilian first responders. There were 83 cases involving application to external wounds and 20 cases of intracorporeal use by military and civilian surgeons. All field applications by first responders were successful in controlling hemorrhage. The overall efficacy rate was 92% with eight cases of ineffectiveness noted by physicians in morbid patients with massive injuries when the QuikClot was used as a last resort. These reported failures were thought to be a result of the coagulopathic state of the patient from massive resuscitation or the inability to get the product directly to the source of hemorrhage. When the QuikClot was applied on responsive patients, the heat generated by the exothermic reaction caused mild to severe pain and discomfort. There were three cases of burns caused by the heat generated by the QuikClot application with one case requiring skin grafting. There was one major complication from intracorporeal use caused by scar formation from a foreign body reaction. CONCLUSIONS QuikClot has been effectively used by a wide range of providers in the field and hospital to control hemorrhage.
Position-sensitive propagation of information on social media using social physics approach

The excitement and convergence of tweets on specific topics are well studied. We can also investigate the position-sensitive subjects by utilizing the position information of tweets. In this research, we focus on bomb terrorist attacks and propose a method for separately analyzing the number of tweets at the place where the incident occurred, nearby, and far. We made measurements of position-sensitive tweets and suggested a theory to explain it. This theory is the theory of social physics that can analyze epidemic phenomena such as movies and hit products from the time change of the number of social media writing. This paper expanded this theory to take into account the position where Tweet was transmitted. With this theory we found that it is possible to explain the spread of information by the tweets with location information on the bomb case.
Effect of transient moderate hyperventilation on dynamic cerebral autoregulation after severe head injury.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of acute moderate hyperventilation on cerebral autoregulation in head-injured patients. METHODS Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was analyzed by use of transcranial doppler ultrasonography before and after hyperventilation in 10 patients with severe head injury. All of the patients were artificially ventilated and underwent continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. To test autoregulation, rapid transient decreases in systemic blood pressure were achieved by quickly releasing large blood pressure cuffs that were inflated around both thighs. This resulted in a drop of 24 +/- 6 mm Hg in mean systemic blood pressure, which lasted an average of 49 +/- 24 seconds. Cerebral blood flow velocity was monitored continuously in both middle cerebral arteries by use of transcranial doppler ultrasonography. The percentage change in middle cerebral artery velocity was used as an index of the change in cerebral blood flow during the autoregulatory response. The change in estimated cerebrovascular resistance, immediately after the blood pressure drop, or the rate of regulation was used to analyze the effectiveness of the cerebral autoregulation. This value was calculated by determining the rate of increase in middle cerebral artery velocity during the 1st 5 seconds after a blood pressure drop, relative to the rate of increase of the cerebral perfusion pressure. RESULTS The average rate of regulation during normocapnia at pCO2 of 37 mm Hg was 11.4 +/- 5% per second. After reduction of the pCO2 to 28 mm Hg, the average rate of regulation improved significantly (P < 0.001) to 17.7 +/- 6% per second. Autoregulation improved, despite no significant change in the cerebral perfusion pressure during hyperventilation. The degree of improvement in autoregulation was significantly correlated with the CO2 reactivity (r = 0.45, P < 0.05) but did not correlate (r = -0.23, P = 0.33) with the change in arterial pH value after hyperventilation. CONCLUSION These results confirm the finding that dynamic autoregulation is disturbed in severe head injury and that moderate transient hyperventilation can temporarily improve the efficiency of the autoregulatory response, probably as a result of a transient increase in vascular tone.
Efficient Secure Outsourcing Computation of Matrix Multiplication in Cloud Computing

With development of outsourcing computation, it is possible for clients with limited computing resources to outsource heavy computational tasks to the cloud server and thus relieve huge burden of the client. As continuous attention of delegation in recent years, requirements of security and efficiency are badly concerned undoubtedly, especially for matrix multiplication. Considering wide applications of matrix multiplication, e.g. graph processing and large date processing, in this paper, we present an identity-based publicly verifiable delegation scheme in amortized model which meets the need of security and efficiency both. Moreover, by using an secure encryption algorithm and a verification certification, the security analysis of the proposed scheme demonstrates the privacy of matrixes involved and the correctness. To demonstrate efficient properties, we compared our scheme with some existing works in terms of functionality as well as computation, storage and communication overhead.
Framing Solidarity in the Euro Crisis: A Comparison of the German and Irish Media Discourse

ABSTRACT The article analyses the framing of solidarity in the Euro crisis discourse. Previous research has argued that the Euro crisis and the debtor–creditor constellation highlights the political conflict around solidarity in the EU. Based on a discursive institutionalist framework, the article investigates the different meanings of solidarity as well as the constellation of actors in Germany and Ireland from 2010 to 2015. Whilst Germany as the biggest creditor country is understood as a potential giver of solidarity, Ireland as a debtor country is conceptualised as a potential receiver of solidarity. The discourse network methodology is applied to study the relation of framing and actor presence. The findings show that the ideational structure of both discourses is different, but the actor constellation is rather similar. In particular, solidarity and austerity are linked in the German discourse, while the Irish discourse focuses predominantly on responsibility and solidarity, and less so on austerity. The actor constellation shows a dominance of German actors in both countries, highlighting the central position of Germany within the Eurozone. The article is the first study to analyse the construction of solidarity in the Euro crisis and contributes to the study of solidarity in hard times.
Regulation of RNA Polymerase II-dependent Transcription by Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Transcription Factors*

Poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferase (ADPRT) is a nuclear protein that modifies proteins by forming and attaching to them poly(ADP-ribose) chains. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation represents an event of major importance in perturbed cell nuclei and participates in the regulation of fundamental processes including DNA repair and transcription. Although ADPRT serves as a positive cofactor of transcription, initiation of its catalytic activity may cause repression of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. It is demonstrated here that ADPRT-dependent silencing of transcription involves ADP-ribosylation of the TATA-binding protein. This modification occurs only if poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is initiated before TATA-binding protein has bound to DNA and thereby prevents formation of active transcription complexes. Specific DNA binding of other transcription factors including Yin Yang 1, p53, NFκB, Sp1, and CREB but not c-Jun or AP-2 is similarly affected. After assembly of transcription complexes initiation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation does not influence DNA binding of transcription factors. Accordingly, if bound to DNA, transcription factors are inaccessible to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Thus, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation prevents binding of transcription factors to DNA, whereas binding to DNA prevents their modification. Considering its ability to detect DNA strand breaks and stimulate DNA repair, it is proposed that ADPRT serves as a molecular switch between transcription and repair of DNA to avoid expression of damaged genes.
Exhaled carbon monoxide as a biomarker of inflammatory lung disease

Carbon monoxide (CO) can be detected on the exhaled breath of humans. Exhaled CO (E-CO) originates from the inspiration of ambient CO and from endogenous metabolic sources that include heme metabolism catalyzed by heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes. HO occurs in both constitutive (HO-2) and inducible (HO-1) forms; the latter responds to pro-inflammatory or pro-oxidative stimuli. E-CO may arise in the airways from inducible HO-1 activity in the bronchial epithelium, alveolar macrophages and other lung cell types, as a consequence of local inflammation, and from the alveolae in equilibrium with carboxyhemoglobin (Hb-CO) in the pulmonary circulation. Elevations in Hb-CO in turn may reflect increases in ambient CO, as well as increased HO activity in systemic tissues. E-CO increases dramatically in active smokers and can be used to monitor the smoking habit. Elevations in E-CO have been observed in critically ill or post-surgical patients and those with various pulmonary diseases associated with inflammation, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis and infections. Despite improvements in the standardization and sensitivity of methods to detect E-CO, the predictive value of this measurement as a diagnostic tool remains unclear.
Crosstalk between PKA and PKG controls pH‐dependent host cell egress of Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii encodes three protein kinase A catalytic (PKAc1‐3) and one regulatory (PKAr) subunits to integrate cAMP‐dependent signals. Here, we show that inactive PKAc1 is maintained at the parasite pellicle by interacting with acylated PKAr. Either a conditional knockdown of PKAr or the overexpression of PKAc1 blocks parasite division. Conversely, down‐regulation of PKAc1 or stabilisation of a dominant‐negative PKAr isoform that does not bind cAMP triggers premature parasite egress from infected cells followed by serial invasion attempts leading to host cell lysis. This untimely egress depends on host cell acidification. A phosphoproteome analysis suggested the interplay between cAMP and cGMP signalling as PKAc1 inactivation changes the phosphorylation profile of a putative cGMP‐phosphodiesterase. Concordantly, inhibition of the cGMP‐dependent protein kinase G (PKG) blocks egress induced by PKAc1 inactivation or environmental acidification, while a cGMP‐phosphodiesterase inhibitor circumvents egress repression by PKAc1 or pH neutralisation. This indicates that pH and PKAc1 act as balancing regulators of cGMP metabolism to control egress. These results reveal a crosstalk between PKA and PKG pathways to govern egress in T. gondii.
Effect of different recovery patterns on repeated-sprint ability and neuromuscular responses

Abstract We examined the effect of recovery pattern on mechanical and neuromuscular responses in active men during three repeated-sprint ability tests consisting of ten 6-s cycling sprints. Within each test, the recovery duration was manipulated: constant, increasing, and decreasing recovery pattern. Maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors were performed before and after the repeated-sprint ability tests to assess strength and electromyographic activity [root mean square (RMS)] of the quadriceps muscle. We observed different fatigue patterns for peak and mean power output between recovery patterns, with earlier decrements recorded during the increasing recovery pattern. Total work performed over the ten sprints was also lower in the increasing recovery pattern (43.8 ± 5.4 kJ; P < 0.05). However, the decreasing recovery pattern induced a greater overall power output decrement across the sprints (−15.8%; P < 0.05), compared with the increasing recovery pattern (−5.1%) but not the constant recovery pattern (−10.1%). The decreasing recovery pattern was also associated with higher post-sprint RMS values (+16.2%; P < 0.05). Therefore, the recovery pattern within successive short sprints may influence repeated-sprint ability, and may lead to greater post-sprint neuromuscular adjustments when recovery intervals decrease between sprints. We conclude that peripheral impairments caused the major differences in repeated-sprint ability between recovery patterns.
Hyperglycosylated Mutants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Monomeric gp120 as Novel Antigens for HIV Vaccine Design

ABSTRACT The ability to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies should be a key component of any forthcoming vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. One potential vaccine candidate, monomeric gp120, has generally failed to elicit such antibodies. We postulated that gp120 might be a better immunogen if it could be engineered to preferentially bind known broadly neutralizing antibodies. In a first study, we found that four alanine substitutions on the perimeter of the so-called Phe-43 cavity of gp120 could reduce binding of weakly neutralizing CD4-binding site antibodies (R. Pantophlet, E. O. Saphire, P. Poignard, P. W. H. I. Parren, I. A. Wilson, and D. R. Burton, J. Virol. 77:642-658, 2003), while slightly enhancing binding of the potent, broadly neutralizing antibody b12. In the present study, we sought to reduce or abolish the binding of a wider range of nonneutralizing antibodies, by incorporating extra N-glycosylation motifs at select positions into the hypervariable loops and the gp120 core. A hyperglycosylated mutant containing seven extra glycosylation sequons (consensus sequences) and the four alanine substitutions described above did not bind an extensive panel of nonneutralizing and weakly neutralizing antibodies, including a polyclonal immunoglobulin preparation (HIVIG) of low neutralizing potency. Binding of b12, at lowered affinity, and of four antibodies to the C1 and C5 regions was maintained. Removal of N- and C-terminal residues in the C1 and C5 regions, respectively, reduced or abolished binding of the four antibodies, but this also adversely affected b12 binding. The hyperglycosylated mutant and its analogues described here are novel antigens that may provide a new approach to eliciting antibodies with b12-like neutralizing properties.
Impressions and attitudes of adult residents of Karachi towards a possible public health insurance scheme.

OBJECTIVE To gauge the general population's knowledge and attitude towards a possible public health insurance scheme. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April to May 2015, and comprised permanent residents of the city. Convenience sampling was used. Data was collected via questionnaires. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS There were 340 participants in the study with an overall mean age of 32.9±12.4 years. Besides, 159(46.8%) participants were aware of the concept of medical insurance while the correct definition was identified by 160(50.5%) respondents. Overall, 256(75.3%) participants were willing to join a theoretical public health insurance scheme. Of all the respondents, 107(31.5%) had faced a catastrophic event in the past and consequently were more willing to join. Of those unsure or not willing to join, 33(37.9%) respondents identified lack of trust in government programmes as the main reason for their choice. CONCLUSIONS A large majority of adults had a favourable attitude towards the implementation of a possible public health insurance scheme.
Social capital and self-rated oral health among young people.

OBJECTIVES A few studies have revealed the impact of neighborhood social capital on oral health among young people. We sought to examine the associations of social capital in three settings (families, neighborhoods, and schools) with self-rated oral health among a sample of college students in Japan. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of 967 students in Okayama University, aged 18 and 19 years, was carried out. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of poor self-rated oral health with perceptions of social capital, adjusting for self-perceived household income category and oral health behaviors. RESULTS The prevalence of subjects with poor self-rated oral health was 22%. Adjusted for gender, self-perceived household income category, dental fear, toothbrush frequency, and dental floss use, poor self-rated oral health was significantly associated with lower level of neighborhood trust [odds ratio (OR) 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-3.54] and lower level of vertical trust in school (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05-2.80). Low informal social control was unexpectedly associated with better oral health (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34-0.85). CONCLUSIONS The association of social capital with self-rated oral health is not uniform. Higher trust is associated with better oral health, whereas higher informal control in the community is associated with worse oral health.
Magnetization transfer imaging of diffuse axonal injury following experimental brain injury in the pig: characterization by magnetization transfer ratio with histopathologic correlation.

PURPOSE Our goal was to evaluate the use of the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in the detection of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) resulting from traumatic brain injury in a swine model. METHOD DAI was created by applying a nonimpact, coronal plane, rotational acceleration to the heads of miniature swine (n = 4). GE imaging was performed with and without off-resonance MT saturation. Histologic correlation of axonal injury with MRI was performed 7 days postinjury. Thirty-one subcortical white matter regions and 10 deep white matter regions were selected for the direct comparison of histologic data and MTR measurements. RESULTS Nineteen of 41 examined locations exhibited histologic evidence of axonal injury. The mean MTR in regions with axonal damage was significantly less than in regions without axonal damage. These changes were observed both in regions demonstrating high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI) (p <0.0001, n = 6) and in regions with no signal intensity change on T2WI (p < 0.05, n = 13). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the measurement of MTR may have the potential for evaluation axonal damage in DAI following traumatic brain injury even when conventional T2WI does not demonstrate the lesion.
Development a Humanistic Learning Theory : Following Maslow ’ s Theory

Learning theories impact the instructional systems. Many recent researches indicate the lack of efficiency in educational systems. Humanistic psychology as the third force is apparently the upcoming paradigm in most fields amongst educational psychology. Despite this fact, lack of a humanistic learning theory is obvious. Although the root of most recent and pioneer approaches in education is in humanistic psychology, there is not a comprehensive humanistic learning theory. This manuscript is an endeavor to develop a humanistic learning theory on the base of known and some unknown Maslow’s ideas regarding education. Although many scholars currently are working and developing the humanistic psychology era, it seems that the water from source is more limpid.
The effect of a single oral megadose of vitamin D provided as either ergocalciferol (D2) or cholecalciferol (D3) in alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Objective The goal of this study was to examine the effects of a single oral dose of 300 000 international units of either ergocalciferol (D2) or cholecalciferol (D3) on the plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Methods Inclusion criteria for this study were diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D less than 25 nmol/l. At baseline, patients were divided into Child–Pugh groups A, B, or C and were given one oral dose of 300 000 international units of ergocalciferol (D2 group, N=23) or cholecalciferol (D3 group, N=13). Plasma concentrations of 25(OH) vitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein were measured on days 0, 7, 30, and 90. Results On days 7 and 30, patients from the D3 group had higher vitamin D levels than patients from the D2 group (P<0.05). On day 7, vitamin D levels were found to correlate with Child–Pugh scores from patients in the D3 group. For patients in the D2 group, there was a positive correlation between vitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein as indicated by the area under the concentration versus time curves (Spearmen’s &rgr;=0.64 P<0.001). Conclusion In patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, a single oral megadose of cholecalciferol was more effective than ergocalciferol in the treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Severe liver disease and low levels of vitamin D-binding protein were predictors for poor treatment outcomes.