Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Stunting among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Zambian: Evidence from the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey

The reduction of child stunting requires an understanding of the major factors that are associated with it most especially before and during infancy of the child. This is because, the velocity of linear growth is highest during first months of life for most infants, and especially in less developed countries like Zambia. Children aged 6–23 months are usually vulnerable to stunting because of various factors such as lack of complementary foods containing the necessary nutrients during the early stages of life which leaves them vulnerable to opportunistic infections resulting in poor health outcomes and outmately stuntedness. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–23 months in Zambia. The study used the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey data, which had data on anthropometric measurements for both children (6–23 months) and women of child bearing age (15–49 years); and various bio-demographic and socio-economic variables. Prevalence of stunting among children 6–23 months was very high 44.5 percent p<0.001. The study further revealed that stunting was associated with various factors. Mothers age was also associated child stunting (AOR=1.756, 95%CI: 1.168, 2.641; p=0.007 and AOR=2.568, 95%CI: 1.268, 5.200; p=0.009). Children whose birth weight was small or average (AOR=1.919, 95%CI: 1.350, 2.727; p<0.001 and AOR=1.365, 95%CI: 1.090, 1.710; p=0.007) were 91.9 percent and 36.5 percent more likely to be stunted compared with children whose birth weight was large at birth. Children whose mothers had not taken iron tablets whilst pregnant (AOR=0.600, 95%CI: 0.405, 0.890; p=0.011) more likely to be stunted than those whose mothers had taken the tablets. Mother and child’s IDDS were also significant predictors of stunting (AOR=1.101, 95%CI: 1.021, 1.186; p=0.012 and AOR=1.101, 95%CI: 1.021, 1.186; p<0.001). Children (6–23 months) who were not being breastfed at the time of the survey were more likely to be stunted compared to those who reported being breastfed at the time of the survey (AOR=1.384, 95%CI: 1.067, 1.796; p=0.014). In Zambia, stunting in children aged 6–23 months is high. Stunting is significantly associated with mothers’ age, Childs’ birth weight, mothers taking iron tablets whilst pregnant and breastfeeding. These findings implies that, measures targeted at reducing child stunting should not be taken in isolation but should include a multifaceted approaching looking at both the mother and the children aged 6–23 months at all societal levels in the country as once this window of opportunity is lost then the problem of stunting shall continue to be a public health problem for unforeseeable future.
Short communication. Effects of storage time and boiling on root tuber colour in two sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) cultivars

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of storage time and boiling on the colour of sweet potato (cvs. Morada INTA and Regal) root tubers. Increasing storage time more strongly reduced the skin chroma (C*) of raw Morada INTA tubers than that of raw Regal root tubers. The skin hue angle (H) of raw Morada INTA tubers increased linearly with storage time; at the end of the experiment values were almost twice those at baseline. The results of this study suggest that the perception of skin-H is influenced by C*. In both cultivars, storage time more strongly affected the colour variables of the boiled than the raw flesh. Boiling led to a reduction in flesh luminosity (L*) and an increase in flesh-H. The interaction between cultivar and storage time appears to regulate the C* and H values of orange-flesh cultivars.
Physico-chemical Quality Changes in Guava Jamun Chutney During Storage

The guava-jamun chutney was developed and evaluated for changes in its chemical constituents and quality parameters at monthly intervals for three months storage period. Total sugars increased significantly, while anthocyanins and ascorbic acid decreased significantly in all the blended products with the advancement in storage period. The colour and appearance, flavour, texture and overall acceptability of guavajamun chutney decreased significantly with the advancement in storage duration, however, their overall scores remained above the acceptable level even after three months storage. Chutney prepared with 60 guava: 40 jamun pulp ratio was found most acceptable.
Comparative transcriptional analysis of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase from Hibiscus cannabinus L., during developmental stages in various tissues and stress regulation

We have cloned a full-length gene, putatively encoding for caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase ('CCoAOMT'), an important enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, from kenaf ('Hibiscus cannabinus' L.). Herein, we investigated the expression pattern of a 'CCoAOMT' orthologue from various tissues and organs during development, and in response to different environmental cues. The full-length 'CCoAOMT' orthologue of kenaf consists of a 744 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding for 247 amino acids of 27.91 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.43. The deduced amino acids of 'CCoAOMT' evidenced a high degree of identity (up to 84%) with other plant 'CCoAOMT' sequences. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated its close relationship with the 'CCoAOMT' of Gossypium hirsutum (ACQ59096). Kenaf 'CCoAOMT' harbors eight highly conserved motifs: A, B, and C are putative S-adenosylmethioine (SAM)-binding motifs and D, E, F, G, and H are 'CCoAOMT' signature motifs. According to quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) analysis, the kenaf 'CCoAOMT' transcript was detected in all plant tissues and organs, whereas the highest expression was noted in mature flower tissues, which indicates that it might be involved in the flower development or in the biosynthesis of flower specific compound. All the treatments highly induced the expression of 'CCoAOMT' transcripts in the stems of 3-week-old kenaf, which indicates that it might have a role in stress regulatory pathway. Among the treatments, the cold and H2O2-treated samples evidenced the highest levels of expression at 6 and 24 h after treatment, respectively, whereas the wounded and NaCl-treated samples evidenced lower expression levels, which suggest that different signaling networks are involved for stress mediated up regulation of 'HcCCoAOMT' transcripts. The highest transcript level of 'CCoAOMT' was detected at either early (within 12 h of treatments) or intermediate (24 h after treatments) time points of treatments, except drought treated sample. Early induction was observed in the case of H2O2 and SA (salicylic acid), and intermediate induction occurring as the result of wounding, NaCl, cold and ABA (abscisic acid). Whereas drought treated sample showed highest expression at seven days after treatment. MeJA (methyl jasmonic acid) treatment showed a complex biphasic expression which is different from others. In summary, we have cloned and characterized a full-length gene putatively encoding for 'CCoAOMT', which also showed stress responsive differential expression.
Analysis of Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber Using the Golden Ratio

In this research, the proposed hexagonal photonic crystal fibers design is modelled using the principle of golden ratio; fixing the proportion of pitch to diameter of the air holes constant. Finite element method with perfectly matched layer boundary is used for numerical simulation of different properties. It is shown that the proposed design has lower effective area of below 9 μm2, low chromatic dispersion value of below 57 ps/(km.nm) and confinement loss of less than 0.01 dB/km at 1.55 μm wavelength. The proposed hexagonal photonic crystal fiber is applicable for data transmission systems.
De qué inteligencias hablamos

La autora describe las ocho inteligencias multiples, entendidas como la capacidad para conocerse a si mismo; interactuar con los demas; comunicarse de una forma eficaz; percibir modelos y relaciones logicas; pensar en tres dimensiones; captar sonidos, timbres y ritmos distintos; expresar ideas con el cuerpo, y tener una sensibilidad hacia el entorno natural.
3D stochastic inversion of borehole and surface gravity data using Geostatistics

), ( ( Summary Geophysical inversion of potential field is impeded because of the intrinsic non-uniqueness of the solution. An inversion method based on a geostati stical approach (cokriging) is presented for threedimensional inversion of gravity borehole and surface data to limit the resulting solution space. Cokriging is a method of estimation that minimizes the error variance by applying cross-correlation between several variables. In this study the estimates are derived using gravity data (from boreholes and the surface) as a secondary variable and the density as the primary variable. The necessary gravity, density and gravity-density covariance matrices are estimated using the observed gravity data. The proposed method is applied to two different synthetic models: 1) a massive orebody; 2) a stochastic distribution of densities. Gravimeters are now becoming available (Gravilog from Scintrex), which can fit boreholes for mineral exploration. Using the borehole data, we can improve the depth resolution of surface inversion. The results show the ability of the method to invert surface and borehole data simultaneously. The results also clearly show the important role of borehole data to improve depth resolution.
Data Mining of Students' Performance : Turkish Students as a Case Study

Artificial neural networks have been used in different fields of artificial intelligence, and more specifically in machine learning. Although, other machine learning options are feasible in most situations, but the ease with which neural networks lend themselves to different problems which include pattern recognition, image compression, classification, computer vision, regression etc. has earned it a remarkable place in the machine learning field. This research exploits neural networks as a data mining tool in predicting the number of times a student repeats a course, considering some attributes relating to the course itself, the teacher, and the particular student. Neural networks were used in this work to map the relationship between some attributes related to students’ course assessment and the number of times a student will possibly repeat a course before he passes. It is the hope that the possibility to predict students’ performance from such complex relationships can help facilitate the fine-tuning of academic systems and policies implemented in learning environments. To validate the power of neural networks in data mining, Turkish students’ performance database has been used; feedforward and radial basis function networks were trained for this task. The performances obtained from these networks were evaluated in consideration of achieved recognition rates and training time.
Influence of osteoporosis on quality of life and current strategies for its management and treatment

Osteoporosis is a silent disease which is more common among women and elderly people. Drastic increase in the incidents of osteoporotic related fractures is a major health concern these days. It negatively influences the quality of life and not only affects the physical, psychological and social activity of people but also increases the monetary burden, and is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. The patients who experience the osteoporotic fractures are often depressed due to chronic pain, restricted mobility, fear of fall, and dependence on others. Globally, the economical burden for treatment is too high. Poor implementation of guidelines regarding the diagnosis of disease and availability of the treatment also affects the patient’s quality of life. For better quality of life in patients with osteoporosis; awareness programs, prior diagnosis, accessibility to treatment and patient counseling are necessary. This review is the summarized data, which was taken from published work between 2005 and 2017. Aim of the current review is to highlight the impact of osteoporosis on patient’s quality of life and to evaluate the current trends in the management of such life devastating disease. It also focuses on diagnosis and treatment strategies available globally. The data generated in this review may be significant in developing policies regarding prevention of osteoporosis, its management and reduction in the cost burden of treatment.
Mechanismdesignproblems in carbon economics

| Reduction of carbon emissions is of paramount importance in the context of global warming and climate change. Countries and global companies are now engaged in understanding systematic ways of solving carbon economics problems, aimed ultimately at achieving well defined emission targets. This paper proposes mechanism design as an approach to solving carbon economics problems. The paper first introduces carbon economics issues in the world today and next focuses on carbon economics problems facing global industries. The paper identifies four problems faced by global industries: carbon credit allocation (CCA), carbon credit buying (CCB), carbon credit selling (CCS), and carbon credit exchange (CCE). It is argued that these problems are best addressed as mechanism design problems. The discipline of mechanism design is founded on game theory and is concerned with settings where a social planner faces the problem of aggregating the announced preferences of multiple agents into a collective decision, when the actual preferences are not known publicly. The paper provides an overview of mechanism design and presents the challenges involved in designing mechanisms with desirable properties. To illustrate the application of mechanism design in carbon economics, the paper describes in detail one specific problem, the carbon credit allocation problem.
Can Electroacupuncture Enhance Biomechanical and Histological Analysis after Experimental Muscular Contusion

Considering that inflammatory course may occur in the muscle healing process after injury and that there is a lack of scientific evidence for the use of acupuncture as a treatment to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate if microscopic events can interfered with macroscopic effects of electroacupuncture in an animal muscle contusion model. It was hypothesized that this treatment is effective in this injury. Seventy-eight Wistar rats were divided in 7 groups: control; 3-days and 5-days injury, treatment and placebo groups. The treatment improvement was compared between groups by biomechanical and histological analyses. In maximum load, no differences were finding between 3-days injury, placebo and treatment groups. No difference was observed between 5-days groups. In stiffness, no differences were observed between all groups. The histological analysis showed some slides of injured group with areas of evident bruising. In sham and treatment group were also areas of bruises but in process of advanced repairing. The results suggest a histological and functional improvement with the use of electroacupuncture, but there was no biomechanical improvement. It was not possible to see differences between the treated group and placebo. Our results support that there is no biomechanical evidence that electroacupuncture enhances skeletal muscle regeneration after contusion injury. In contrast, histological analysis supports a contrary idea of this fact. Besides the contradictories results of our work, more studies must be done to provide support to electoacupuncture as a treatment, especially in muscular injuries.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS ON RF POWER SOURCES

The classical generation of RF power with klystrons and tetrodes is evolving and changing to meet the demands of higher efficiency and simpler maintenance. Developments of IOT tubes for FEL, Energy Recovery Linacs and Storage Rings, together with solid state technology approaches and combination techniques for the high power generation are opening new alternatives to the classical ones.
An Analysis of Collegiate Club-Sport Female Lacrosse Players: Sport-Specific Field Test Performance and the Influence of Lacrosse Stick Carrying

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 269-280, 2018. Lacrosse is a field-based, intermittent sport that requires players to use a stick with a shaft and mesh pocket to manipulate the ball. However, there has been limited analysis of the characteristics of collegiate club-sport players, and whether stick carry influences the sprinting speed of lacrosse players. As a result, this study investigated the field test characteristics of collegiate club-sport female lacrosse players, and the effects of stick carry on linear and change-of-direction speed. Nine players (seven field players, two goalkeepers) volunteered for this study and completed: vertical jump and standing broad jump; 30-meter (m) sprint (0-5, 0-10, and 0-30 m intervals) and modified T-test without and with a stick; and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test. Magnitude-based inference analyses via effect sizes (d) compared the field players and goalkeepers. Data was pooled for the 30-m sprint and modified T-test to examine the effect of stick carry via paired samples t-tests (p<0.05) and effect sizes. Field players performed better in most field tests (d=0.93-2.45), although goalkeepers generated greater vertical jump power (d=2.01). With regards to the effects of stick carry, there was a significant difference between the faster 0-5 m sprint interval without a stick compared to with a stick (p=0.02), but this had a small effect (d=0.25). There were no differences between the other sprint intervals and modified T-test (p=0.08-0.39; d=0.06-0.19). When contextualized with comparisons to other female collegiate athletes, the results indicated limitations in training exposure for collegiate club-sport lacrosse players. Furthermore, stick carry generally did not affect speed.
Corporate Law's Current-Owner Bias

Academics studying public firms' choice of governance arrangements have largely assumed that stock prices accurately reflect the effect of these arrangeÂ¬ments on firm value. As a result, firms going public generally have an incentive to seek arrangements that maximize shareholder value, and states seeking incorÂ¬porations have an incentive to offer such arrangements. Oddly, this literature has ignored the considerable evidence that stock prices are frequently "noisy" Â¬deviating significantly from fundamental value. This Article systematically anaÂ¬lyzes the effect of noisy stock prices on firms' choice of governance arrangements. It demonstrates that stock price noisiness leads firms to seek - and states to ofÂ¬fer - arrangements with a current-owner bias - that is, arrangements favoring both insiders and current public shareholders at the expense of future public shareholders and long-term corporate value. Current-owner bias can explain many features of (and gaps in) state corporate law as well as the governance arÂ¬rangements chosen by public firms. The problem of current-owner bias also has important normative implications for the desirability of the market for corporate charters, the proper relationship between mandatory federal securities regulaÂ¬tion and state corporate law, and the wisdom of recent proposals to "empower" firms to choose their own securities regime.
Investigating different factors influencing on return of private banks

Article history: Received May 16, 2013 Received in revised format 28 June 2013 Accepted 10 August 2013 Available online August 11 2013 Return of Investment has always been an interesting area of research among academics as well as investors. Although capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is capable of estimating risk of investment, many people argue that CAPM is not able to predict long-term return, properly. This paper presents an empirical investigation to find the effects of different financial figures including systematic risk (Beta), size of firm, ratio of book value to market share, volume of trade and the ratio of price/earnings (P/E) on return of private banks in Iran. The study gathers the necessary information over the period 2005-2011 from private banks in Iran. The study uses multiple regression technique to find the effects of mentioned variables on return of private banks. The results indicate that there are some meaningful and positive relationship between return of banks and systematic risk (Beta), size, volume of trade and P/E. The study also finds some meaningful and reverse relationship between bank return and book value on market value. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Detection of IGF-1 and phosphorylated site in PDGFr using Proximity Ligation Assay

Proximity ligation assay (PLA) is a novel affinity based method used to detect proteins, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. The detection of target molecules is achieved with the help of oligonucleotide labeled antibodies. The oligonucleotides attached on antibodies can be joined by ligation when the conjugates are brought in proximity by binding on the same target molecule (Gullberg et al., 2003). The ligated products can be used as templates in qPCR for quantification. PLA is performed in two approaches, 1) solid surface; where a solid support is used to which a capture antibody is immobilized and target is incubated to capture antibody (Fredriksson et al., 2002). 2) The other approach is solution phase; where there is no solid support, hence no capture antibody is used nor any washing step, and target molecule is incubated directly with detection antibodies. In my project, I have utilized solution phase and solid phase PLA for detection of IGF-1 and detection of phosphorylation on platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFβr). This thesis project aimed to develop an assay for IGF detection and post-translational modification detection in vitro using proximity ligation. My experiment could not establish PLA as a standard assay for detecting IGF-1 and phosphorylated-PDGFβr on solid surface and in solution phase. However, the recombinant PDGFr molecule was successfully detected with solid phase PLA. In this thesis, advantages of PLA and possible reasons for unsuccessful detection of phosphorylated site on PDGFβr are discussed.
Free radicals and antioxidants in human health and disease -An overview

Free radicals are produced as part of normal cellular function. They may also be produced by endogenous and environmental sources. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants, which are either naturally produced in situ, or externally supplied through foods and/or supplements. Antioxidants prevent free radical induced tissue damage by preventing the formation of radicals, scavenging them, or by promoting their decomposition. This paper reviews the mechanisms of formation and catabolism of the free radicals and also discusses with potential role of the antioxidants in preventing and repairing damages caused by oxidative stress.