Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between fat mass and obesity-associated gene polymorphism and obesity among children in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been shown to be associated with obesity in different populations. However, this association in the Chinese population has been controversial. We evaluated the association of the FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism with the risk of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents in a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and two electronic Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI). Two authors screened abstracts, full-texts, and extracted data according to the prespecified inclusion criteria. A modified STREGA score was used for quality assessment. A random-effects and fixed-effects model was used to conduct the measure the association between FTO gene and obesity. Ten studies including 12,879 participants were included. The FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of obesity or overweight in Han Chinese children and adolescents (P < 0.05), but absent in the Zhuang and Hazakh Chinese population (P > 0.05). The pooled OR for the codominant genetic model between AA and TT was 1.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.34–2.39, P < 0.0001). Allele A carriers were at greater risk of obesity and overweight compared to noncarriers. Screening for FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism might help to identify adolescents at risk of developing obesity and consider appropriate prevention strategies.
Effect of Atypical Antipsychotic on Blood Pressure in Inpatients with Schizophrenia of Prof. Dr. Soerojo Mental Health Hospital Magelang

Context: Schizophrenia ranks the top of all mental disorders with poor prognosis. Central Java Province is in the top five of schizophrenia incidents in Indonesia. Antipsychotic is the main therapy for schizophrenia, which is divided into 2, atypical and typical. The atypical antipsychotic is more preferable because of the minimal effect of the extrapyramidal syndrome but affects the blood pressure. Aims: To analyze the blood pressure of schizophrenia inpatients during the pre and post-use of atypical antipsychotics in RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang. Settings and Design: This study was an observational study with cohort retrospective methods. Methods and Material: The research was approved and reviewed by the committee of ethics and law of Prof. Dr. Soerojo Mental Hospital. The inclusion criteria are those diagnosed with schizophrenia based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM IV), aged about 17-55 years old, receiving antipsychotic atypical therapy for at least 3 months.The exclusion criteria are inpatients who also receive antidepressants and antihypertension, have a history of cardiovascular disease and hypertension, and incomplete medical records. Statistical analysis used: Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The result of this study most of them were treated using combination risperidone and clozapine (82.1%). In this study, 43 inpatients experienced a decrease in systolic blood pressure, 57 in systolic blood pressure, 6 with no change in systolic blood pressure, 47 a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, 50 an increase in diastolic blood pressure, and 9 with no change in diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the blood pressure before and after the treatment.
Men are from mars, women are from venus: Gender disparity in transplantation

Organ transplantation is the best treatment for end‐stage organ dysfunction. Organs can be obtained from live donors or deceased donors. Live donors can be live‐related donors which include parents, siblings, grandparents, children, or spousal donors. Other than near‐related donors include all other living donors. [1] Deceased donors are those whose organs are retrieved either after brain stem death or after circulatory death (nonheart‐beating donors).
The mala fides of BRAF in oncogenesis

BRAF is a proto-oncogene that encodes a serine threonine kinase belonging to intracellular RAS-RAF-MEK& ERK signaling cascade downstream of surface Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. The gain of function mutations in BRAF gene have been shown to have a powerful oncogenic effect especially a transversion at nucleotide 1,799 from thymidine to adenine (p.V600E), accounting for greater than 80% of the observed mutations in BRAF. This one mutation has been identified as an oncogenic driver in a diverse set of solid and hematologic cancers. Fortunately, introduction of BRAF & MEK inhibitors has modestly transformed the treatment outcomes in patients with BRAF mutations, especially those with non-small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma and thyroid cancers. Besides, the predictive nature of BRAF mutation, the mutational analysis also helps predict prognosis and secure diagnosis of a varied group of malignancies. This review comprehensively addresses to the various mala fides of BRAF in oncogenesis, as well as elucidates the nucleotide variants which have been reported in literature, the diagnostic and prognostic utility, and the testing methods which are available to test the same.
Correlation between myocardial myosin-binding protein C, hypertension with left ventricular enlargement, and dilated cardiomyopathy

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a relatively common clinical cardiac condition, and its progression will eventually lead to heart failure. Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-c) plays a vital role in the diastolic and contractile function of the heart muscle. At present, most of the relevant researches are focused on the genetic level. Our study discusses the expression of cMyBP-C in patients with DCM and its potential clinical application. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-two subjects were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2016 to October 2017. They were divided into two groups according to the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) as measured by echocardiography: normal (n = 34) and left ventricular enlargement (LVE) groups (n = 88). The LVE group was further divided into two subgroups according to the etiology: DCM (n = 57), and LVE due to hypertension (LVEH, n = 31). The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF%) was also defined in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the determination of cMyBP-C in the serum. Results: (1) Serum cMyBP-C concentration was higher in DCM than in LVEH and control groups (P < 0.05) and (2) the LVDd, EF%, creatinine (Cr), urea (Ur), and uric acid (UA) in the DCM group were significantly higher than those in the LVEH group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The serum level of cMyBP-C is expected to become a new biomarker for the diagnosis of DCM. Cr, Ur, and UA may be factors contributing to the development of DCM.
Stem cell therapy in critical limb ischemia: Current scenario and future trends

Abstract Critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents the most severe manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It imposes a huge economic burden and is associated with high short-term mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Prompt recognition and early revascularization, surgical or endovascular, with the aim of improving the inline bloodflow to the ischemic limb, are currently the standard of care. However, this strategy may not always be feasible or effective; hence, evaluation of newer pharmacological or angiogenic therapies for alleviating the symptoms of this alarming condition is of utmost importance. Cell-based therapies have shown promise in smaller studies; however, large-scale studies, demonstrating definite survival benefits, are entailed to ascertain their role in the management of CLI.
A comparative analysis of ocular biometry in acute and chronic presentations of primary angle-closure glaucoma

Purpose: Primary angle-closure glaucoma is the predominant form of glaucoma in the Asian population and is a leading cause of blindness. The objective of the study was to compare ocular biometric parameters among acute and chronic presentations of the disease. Materials and Methods: Sixty eyes of sixty patients diagnosed as having either acute (Group A) or chronic presentation (Group B) were studied. Those patients with a history of uniocular pain, headache, defective vision, along with high intraocular pressure (IOP 35 mmHg), shallow AC, and mid-dilated nonreactive pupil were classified as the acute variety. Chronic form was diagnosed in eyes with peripheral anterior synechiae of >180° with a chronically elevated IOP with disc and field changes. Patients with history of intraocular surgeries or trauma, secondary angle closure, active keratitis, or corneal opacities were excluded from the study. Contact ultrasonic biometry was used for measuring axial length, AC depth, and lens thickness. Lens-axial length factor (LAF) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test and Independent sample t-test as applicable. Results: Group B patients were significantly older with a male predominance as compared to Group A. Lens thickness and LAF were significantly higher in Group A whereas axial length and AC depth were significantly lower in Group A (P < 0.001). RLP, keratometry, pachymetry, best-corrected visual acuity, and spherical equivalents were comparable in both groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that the mechanism of acute form of primary angle-closure disease can be explained by the ocular biometric parameters alone with possibility of some additional mechanism for the chronic presentation.
Close-to-optimal algorithm for rectangular decomposition of 3D shapes

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for a decomposition of 3D binary shapes to rectangular blocks. The aim is to minimize the number of blocks. Theoretically optimal brute-force algorithm is known to be NP-hard and practically infeasible. We introduce its sub-optimal polynomial heuristic approximation, which transforms the decomposition problem onto a graph-theoretical problem. We compare its performance with the state of the art Octree and Delta methods. We show by extensive experiments that the proposed method outperforms the existing ones in terms of the number of blocks on statistically signiﬁcant level. We also discuss potential applications of the method in image processing.
Coverage and Vacuity in Network Formation Games

The frameworks of coverage and vacuity in formal verification analyze the effect of mutations applied to systems or their specifications. We adopt these notions to network formation games, analyzing the effect of a change in the cost of a resource. We consider two measures to be affected: the cost of the Social Optimum and extremums of costs of Nash Equilibria. Our results offer a formal framework to the effect of mutations in network formation games and include a complexity analysis of related decision problems. They also tighten the relation between algorithmic game theory and formal verification, suggesting refined definitions of coverage and vacuity for the latter. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Algorithmic game theory; Theory of computation → Network games; Theory of computation → Network formation; Software and its engineering → Formal methods
Quantifying the impact of dirty OCR on historical text analysis: Eighteenth Century Collections Online as a case study

This article aims to quantify the impact optical character recognition (OCR) has on the quantitative analysis of historical documents. Using Eighteenth Century Collections Online as a case study, we first explore and explain the differences between the OCR corpus and its keyed-in counterpart, created by the Text Creation Partnership. We then conduct a series of specific analyses common to the digital humanities: topic modelling, authorship attribution, collocation analysis, and vector space modelling. The article concludes by offering some preliminary thoughts on how these conclusions can be applied to other datasets, by reflecting on the potential for predicting the quality of OCR where no ground-truth exists.
A Nonlinear Tensor-Based Machine Learning Algorithm for Image Classification

Received: 10 May 2019 Accepted: 17 August 2019 In recent year, the tensor theory has been frequently incorporated to machine learning, because of the various advantages of tensor-based machine learning over vector-based machining learning: the ability to preserve the spatiotemporal information, allowing full utilization of the data, and the suitability for solving high-dimensional problems with a small sample size. Considering the suitability of tensor algorithm for classical high-dimensional, small-sample problems, this paper probes into the nonlinear classification problem with tensor representation, and designs a tensor-based nonlinear classification algorithm, namely, the kernel-based STM (KSTM). The maximum margin principle was adopted for the classification by the KSTM: the two types of samples are separated by the decision hyperplane as far as possible in the tensor space. Through numerical experiments, it is proved that the KSTM achieved better classification accuracy than the linear method, especially for the highdimensional problem with a small sample size.
SDChannelNets: Extremely Small and Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks

SUMMARY Convolutional neural networks (CNNS) have a strong ability to understand and judge images. However, the enormous parameters and computation of CNNS have limited its application in resource-limited devices. In this letter, we used the idea of parameter sharing and dense connection to compress the parameters in the convolution kernel channel direction, thus greatly reducing the number of model parameters. On this basis, we designed Shared and Dense Channel-wise Convolutional Networks (SDChannelNets), mainly composed of Depth-wise Separable SD-Channel-wise Convolution layer. The advantage of SDChannelNets is that the number of model parameters is greatly reduced without or with little loss of accuracy. We also introduced a hyperparameter that can e ﬀ ectively balance the number of parameters and the accuracy of a model. We evaluated the model proposed by us through two popular image recognition tasks (CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100). The results showed that SDChannelNets had similar accuracy to other CNNs, but the number of parameters was greatly reduced.
Performance Metrics for Chromatic Correlation Clustering for Social Network Analysis

Received: 9 July 2019 Accepted: 16 September 2019 The social network can be viewed as a chromatic graph of relations and entities. Thus, the community discovery in social network is essentially a problem of chromatic correlation clustering. This paper aims to develop metrics to measure the performance of community discovery algorithms in view of nonoverlapping strong communities. Three performance metrics, namely, chromatic density (CD), chromatic cut ratio (CCR) and chromatic conductance (CC), were proposed for thorough analysis on the output quality of chromatic clustering algorithms. In addition, synthetic graph generator was developed to generate sparse networks with few dense and strong communities. Five algorithms for chromatic correlation clustering, i.e. CB, ICB, LCB, OCB and RECB, were evaluated by the proposed metrics. The evaluation shows that the RECB is the most suitable algorithm for the discovery of strong communities in social network. The research results shed important new light on the detection of communities in social network.
Choice and Bias in Random Walks

We analyse the following random walk process inspired by the power-of-two-choice paradigm: starting from a given vertex, at each step, unlike the simple random walk (SRW) that always moves to a randomly chosen neighbour, we have the choice between two uniformly and independently chosen neighbours. We call this process the choice random walk (CRW). We ﬁrst prove that for any graph, there is a strategy for the CRW that visits any given vertex in expected time O ( | E | ). Then we introduce a general tool that quantiﬁes by how much the probability of a rare event in the simple random walk can be boosted under a suitable CRW strategy. We believe this result to be of independent interest, and apply it here to derive an almost optimal O ( n log log n ) bound for the cover time of bounded-degree expanders. This tool also applies to so-called biased walks , and allows us to make progress towards a conjecture of Azar et al. [STOC 1992]. Finally, we prove the following dichotomy: computing an optimal strategy to minimise the hitting time of a vertex takes polynomial time, whereas computing one to minimise the cover time is NP -hard.
Monotone Probability Distributions over the Boolean Cube Can Be Learned with Sublinear Samples

A probability distribution over the Boolean cube is monotone if flipping the value of a coordinate from zero to one can only increase the probability of an element. Given samples of an unknown monotone distribution over the Boolean cube, we give (to our knowledge) the first algorithm that learns an approximation of the distribution in statistical distance using a number of samples that is sublinear in the domain. To do this, we develop a structural lemma describing monotone probability distributions. The structural lemma has further implications to the sample complexity of basic testing tasks for analyzing monotone probability distributions over the Boolean cube: We use it to give nontrivial upper bounds on the tasks of estimating the distance of a monotone distribution to uniform and of estimating the support size of a monotone distribution. In the setting of monotone probability distributions over the Boolean cube, our algorithms are the first to have sample complexity lower than known lower bounds for the same testing tasks on arbitrary (not necessarily monotone) probability distributions. One further consequence of our learning algorithm is an improved sample complexity for the task of testing whether a distribution on the Boolean cube is monotone.
Monteggia lesion and its equivalents in children

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study is to evaluate our group of paediatric patients with Monteggia lesion and its equivalents and to compare the characteristics of basic types of these lesions concerning therapeutic approach and results of the treatment. Methods Retrospective study of 111 children treated in the Department of Pediatric and Trauma Surgery of the Thomayer Hospital in Prague between 2001 and 2013 (13 years). When evaluating the outcome of the therapy, Bruce's criteria modified by Letts that assesses range of movement, pain and deformity of the elbow joint were applied. Regarding the therapeutic approach, four groups were compared: nonoperative treatment, reduction and casting, closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) and opened reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Results were compared between three groups of patients (Monteggia lesions, displaced equivalents and non-displaced equivalents) using Fisher's exact test with α set to 0.05. Results In all, 46 patients were treated for (true) Monteggia lesion, 27 for non-displaced Monteggia equivalent and 38 for displaced equivalent. There is a statistically significant difference in therapeutic approach between all three groups of patients. There is no significant difference in outcome between Monteggia lesions and both types of Monteggia equivalents, but there is a statistically significant difference between displaced and non-displaced equivalents. Conclusion There are only two lesions that meet the criteria of Monteggia – (true) Monteggia lesion and displaced Monteggia equivalent. The non-displaced equivalent does not meet the criteria of Monteggia and, therefore, should not be termed a Monteggia equivalent. Level of Evidence Level III – Retrospective comparative study
Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Keratitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh

Background The most common cause of ocular infections worldwide is bacteria; therefore, bacterial keratitis requires rapid and proper intervention because it is a major cause of loss of vision and ocular morbidity. Resistance studies have found increases in the resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and gentamicin in bacterial keratitis cases that are caused by gram-positive organisms. Aim To identify the common predisposing factors, causative organisms, and antibiotic profile of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method This is a retrospective study of the microbiological record of all patients diagnosed with BK at KAUH. From the first of May 2015 until the first of January 2018. Demographic data, diabetes mellitus, contact lens use, history of eye trauma, ocular surface disorders, recent ocular surgeries, current and recent medications, initial and final visual acuity, and location and size of the infiltrate were all used in the study. VA was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) for statistical analysis. Results 177 cases positive for BK were included. 100 (56.5%) were males, and 77 (43.5%) were females. The mean age was 43.15. Trauma was the most common predisposing factor, which was observed in 68 (38.4%) cases, followed by Ocular surface disease [52 (29.4%)]. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly isolated organism [61 (34.5%)], followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [23 (13%)], and Staphylococcus aureus [18 (10.2%)]. All gram-positive cases were Vancomycin sensitive. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed only 4 resistant cases to chloramphenicol (7.27%), and resistance to penicillin and ampicillin was found in 55 (90%) and 53 (89.83%) cases, respectively. All Streptococcus pneumoniae cases were resistant to gentamicin (100%). Staphylococcus aureus showed high sensitivity for erythromycin [18 (100%)]. Conclusion The most common cause of bacterial keratitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis (N=61), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (N=23). Trauma was the most common predisposing factor (38.4%), while contact lens use was only identified in 14 cases (7.9%). All organisms tested were sensitive to vancomycin, and there was high resistance toward penicillin (90%).