Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on the reduction of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic adult patients: CAT.

INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between an excessive production of reactive oxygen species and/or a deficiency in the level of endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defenses. The presence of reactive oxygen species in large concentrations and for long periods is associated with the occurrence of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exercise represents an effective means for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is also able to reduce long-term oxidative stress levels. High-intensity interval training has shown to be an efficient and viable option for type 2 diabetes mellitus control. In turn, high-intensity interval training seems to have positive effects on oxidative stress levels by increasing levels of endogenous antioxidants. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity and applicability of the results regarding the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training compared to moderate intensity continuous training to reduce oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to answer the following question: In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, can the method of high-intensity interval training, compared to moderate intensity continuous training reduce oxidative stress levels? METHODS We performed a critical analysis of the article "Continuous training vs Interval training in glycemic control and macro and microvascular reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes". RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed in concentrations of superoxide dismutase in any of the experimental groups. Only in the interval group a decrease in malondialdehyde regarding control group and baseline (p<0.05) was observed. In addition, only in the interval group there was an increase in glutathione peroxidase compared to the group of continuous aerobic training and baseline (p<0.05). Nitric oxide showed a significant increase regarding the control, continuous aerobic group and baseline (p<0.05) in the interval training group. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that both training groups show improvements over markers of lipid profile and fitness, high intensity interval training has shown to be more effective in the normalization of oxidative stress, impacting positively on the concentration of pro-oxidant markers and antioxidants.
Deep Current Measurements Suggest Long Waves in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific

During the 1975 El Ni�o expedition an array of conventional and electric field type near-bottom current recorders was deployed at the equator 300 kilometers west of the Gal�pagos Islands. While hydrographic observations were indicating El Ni�o activity off the South American coast, the current meters recorded an oscillation with a 25-day period, a wavelength of about 1000 kilometers, and an amplitude of 0.04 meter per second propagating westward at approximately 0.5 meter per second. These characteristics agree with theoretical models of a first-mode baroclinic Rossby wave trapped at the equator.
Modelling of skin tissue for body-centric communications at terahertz frequencies

Summary form only given. In the recent years, there has been a significant amount of interest in body-centric applications. The in/on/off-body radio communications have been extensively studied and characterized at microwave frequencies for a wide range of applications, which include healthcare, military and lifestyle. The next generation of wearable technology will be operating at higher frequencies (millimeter wave and terahertz frequencies) and will offer a new set of applications not only for imaging, but also for sensing and communicating. The development of wearable terahertz-based devices that can automatically detect abnormal physiological parameters, such as skin cancer cells or track glucose changes, is a continuous challenge for research. It has been shown that the interconnection of nano-machines can support short-range communication between micro and nano-devices [1]. In order to understand and properly characterize the effects of electromagnetic wave propagation and the body, the design and simulation at terahertz frequencies will require the use of highly detailed 3D-tissue models which need to include the effects of the inhomogeneous anisotropic media, thus suitable radio propagation models can be derived. High-resolution and three-dimensional images of the human tissues can be acquired using optical coherence tomography which records the magnitude and relative location of the backscattered wave produced by microstructures of the tissue. In [2, 3], 3D images of the skin and finger-pad ridges were created from cross-sectional images depicting the different layers of the skin, namely dermis, epidermis, stratum corneum and the spiraling sweat ducts. Recently, the reported images were used in [4] to create a detailed simulation model of the skin and to understand the electromagnetic properties in the frequency range of 100-450 GHz. The results have shown that the morphological features of the skin and the structure of the sweat ducts play an important role in the reflectance spectrum. Feasibility studies for nano-communications and analytical models for path loss have been proposed in [5] and [6], respectively. Implanted miniature terahertz units could operate as sensing units (e.g., continuous glucose monitoring within the subcutaneous layer) and communicate with on-body devices; however, the radiation performance of such devices will significantly depend on the tissue models being used. In addition, tissue models considering effective dielectric properties would only deliver misleading results not only on the radiation performance of in-body antennas, but also on the design of future terahertz applications.
Socioeconomic Factors and Use of Antibiotics by Dairy Farmers vis-a-vis Antibiotic Resistance

The irrational use of antibiotics is prevalent among the dairy farmers. If it continues with same pace, then between 2010 and 2030, its global consumption in the livestock sector can increase by about 67%. The substantial part of this increase in antibiotics consumption will be determined by a shift in farming techniques in major developing countries (Van Boeckel et al., 2015). In the world, only 48 countries (25% of the 194 WHO member countries) considered national plans in to operation to tackle antibiotics resistance (Cecchini et al., 2015). An updated preclinical paradigm is needed to assess the risk of resistance development in early preclinical development. This change is feasible and is not limited by methodology but rather by tradition (Sommer et al., 2017).
Emotional Distractors Can Enhance Attention

The deleterious effects of emotional distractors on attention have been well demonstrated. However, it is unclear whether emotional distractors inevitably disrupt task-relevant attention. In the research reported here, the impact of the valence and arousal of distracting emotional stimuli and individual differences in anxiety on task-relevant processing were examined using multilevel modeling. Consistent with prior literature, results showed that high-arousal negative distractors, compared with positive and neutral distractors, were associated with poorer task-relevant attention. However, low-arousal negative distractors were associated with better task-relevant performance than were positive and neutral distractors. Furthermore, these effects were accentuated by individual differences in worry. These findings challenge assumptions that distraction and worry must be minimized for augmented attentional performance. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of taking into account emotional dimensions of arousal and valence as well as individual differences in anxiety when examining attention in the presence of emotional distractors.
Algorithmes du type gradient a complexite de calcul reduite et a capacite de poursuite et vitesse de convergence accrues. Application a l'annulation d'echo acoustique

Cette these concerne l'amelioration de l'algorithme lms, aussi bien en ce qui concerne son temps de calcul que son comportement adaptatif grace a une nouvelle formulation par bloc. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons comment diminuer le nombre d'operations du lms sans aucune approximation et en travaillant par bloc. Nous donnons deux versions rapides (temporelle-felms et frequentielle-fd-felms). La comprehension de cette formulation par bloc nous permet ensuite d'ameliorer le comportement adaptatif (vitesse de convergence et capacite de poursuite) des algorithmes du type lms. Nous proposons, ainsi, trois nouveaux algorithmes dont nous detaillons les proprietes. Tous les algorithmes obtenus ont ete compares a des algorithmes classiques tels que le lms et le frls dans une situation reelle, a savoir: l'identification d'une reponse impulsionnelle acoustique de salle, d'une part en presence d'une non-stationnarite dans le systeme, et d'autre part avec des signaux non-stationnaires en entree (parole). Pour terminer, nous montrons que les techniques developpees dans le cas du lms s'appliquent a d'autre types d'algorithmes tel que le cma qui semble etre un bon candidat pour l'egalisation aveugle
Variable effects of previously untested muscarinic receptor antagonists on experimental myopia.

PURPOSE Atropine, pirenzepine, and himbacine prevent form-deprivation myopia (FDM) when administered intravitreously. The mechanisms and sites of action of these drugs against myopia are not clear. To shed further light on whether this mechanism is muscarinic, several other muscarinic antagonists were tested. METHODS Various concentrations of atropine, pirenzepine, dexetimide, scopolamine, tropicamide, benztropine, dicyclomine, gallamine, mepenzolate, oxyphenonium, propantheline, procyclidine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP), hexahydro-sila-difenidol (HHSiD), p-fluorohexahydro-sila-difenidol (pf-HHSiD), methoctramine, AFDX-116, and quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) were injected into goggled eyes of Leghorn cockerels three times at 48-hour intervals. Fellow control eyes received saline. Control animals received saline in both eyes. Twenty-four hours after final injections, refraction, eye weight, and axial length were measured, and eyes were prepared for microscopy. RESULTS Other than atropine and pirenzepine, only oxyphenonium caused full rescue from FDM (goggled versus control; mean +/- SD; refraction differences: -9.50 +/- 0.22 D vs. 0.83 +/- 0.31 D, P < 0.001; wet weight differences: 75.67 +/- 3.84 mg vs. 2.33 +/- 6.14 mg, P < 0.001; axial length differences: 0.80 +/- 0.05 mm vs. 0.03 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Oxyphenonium-treated retinas showed no damage. Of the other compounds, several elicited partial rescue and/or damaged the retina, whereas others had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Oxyphenonium prevents FDM in chicks. The ineffectiveness or partial effectiveness of other compounds, coupled with the high concentrations of effective compounds required to prevent FDM, suggests that muscarinic antagonists act to prevent FDM, either at sites distant from the retina, or through a nonmuscarinic mechanism, on which only some of these drugs act.
Industry momentum: an exchange‐traded funds approach

Stock price momentum is a well-documented anomaly in many of the world’s equity markets, and refers to the excess returns due to buying(selling) past winner(loser) stocks. Industry momentum refers to the excess returns due to buying(selling) stocks from past winner(loser) industries, and has been demonstrated to be more profitable than individual stock momentum in the US. We investigate whether industry momentum can be captured by investing within a much smaller set of Sector ETFs. We find that the performance and character of Sector ETF-based industry momentum portfolios is very different to stock momentum portfolios, and the strong performance of an unexpected group of Sector ETF momentum portfolios remain robust after controlling for risk.
There is more to the story.

To the Guest Editor, Herbert L. DuPont: Lest we forget the paramount economic and societal impact that the agents of travelers’ diarrhea (TD) impose on the populations of the developing world, Wang and colleagues (15:110–118) have confidently demonstrated through developed methodology, measured assumptions, and depth of literature review the considerable economic impact these infections inflict on millions of travelers from developed to less developed countries each year.1 They also estimate an important economic loss to these countries’ economies from missed revenue opportunity due to the illness of the traveler, as well as the theoretical (but likely important) lost revenue associated with traveler avoidance to high‐risk regions because of concern about the risk of acquiring the illness. While these estimated pre‐, during, and post‐travel costs …
The intestinal bacteria of the neonate and breast-fed infant. 1885.

The bacteriologic portion of this work was carried out in the pathologic institute of Prof. Bollinger, the chemical portion in the laboratory of Chief Medical Advisor Prof. von Voit. The article was presented as a lecture before the Society for Morphology and Physiology in Munich 14 July 1885 and published in Fortschritte der Medicin, volume 3, 1885. The editor thanks K. S. Bettelheim for providing this translation.
UPTAKE OF FREE PLASMA AMINO ACIDS BY THE LACTATING COW'S UDDER AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF UDDER LYMPH.

1. Total alpha-amino N and the amounts of 24 ninhydrin-positive substances were determined in several samples of plasma and lymph from the cow's udder. The arteriovenous differences of these substances across the mammary glands were measured in several experiments performed on lactating cows and in one experiment on a ;dry' cow. Udder lymph obtained from live lactating cows by a lymph fistula and taken after killing lactating cows was analysed. 2. The concentrations of the individual free amino acids in udder lymph obtained from the live cow were similar to those found in cow's plasma. The concentrations of many amino acids in udder lymph taken immediately after death were two- to four-fold higher than those of the corresponding amino acids in udder lymph obtained from the live cow. 3. Most amino acids of the blood showed a considerable decrease in concentration by passage across the lactating mammary gland. Ornithine, a non-casein amino acid, showed arteriovenous differences of up to 60% of the arterial plasma concentration. No substantial amino acid uptake by the udder could be demonstrated in the experiment on the non-lactating cow. 4. The arteriovenous differences obtained for arginine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, valine, threonine and histidine were probably large enough to provide all the respective amino acid residues in milk protein. 5. The uptake of aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, serine and proline by the lactating cow's udder was not sufficient to account for all these respective amino acid residues found in milk protein.
Housing Affordability, Government Intervention and Housing Informality: An African Dilemma?

The imperfections associated with housing markets have often been the basis for government intervention policies. The purpose of this article is to show the need for governmental responsiveness regarding local realities in structuring policies in specific sectors of the housing market. It shows how government intervention contributes to housing supply and the consequences of this in developed and developing countries. Conversely, it also explores how government intervention in co-operative societies has been utilised in various countries to address housing supply inelasticity, the outcome of this, and lessons that can be learnt. This study takes the form of a literature review and a quantitative survey of co-operative societies in Lagos, Nigeria. Its analysis is based on multivariate techniques. The quantitative survey is utilised to show a specific case of government inactivity in the co-operative housing sector, while the literature review is utilised to showcase government intervention in co-operative housing in four countries. The study argues that while government interventions (by way of planning regulations) often leads to house-price increases and unaffordability in developed countries, it has contributed to the emergence of informal settlements in several African cities.Additionally, while co-operative societies have been historically recognised to reduce inelasticity, improve supply and affordability in developed countries, they have yet to be recognised and supported in African cities like Lagos. It is concluded that while housing affordability is a dilemma that faces both developed and African countries, informality arises as a uniquely developing country response to unaffordability. It is recommended that, learning from history, African governments should recognise and integrate co-operative societies into their housing supply system. Furthermore, governments should implement appropriate policies to guide their activities towards reducing supply inelasticity, increasing affordability and the reduction of ever-expanding informal communities.
A candidate reference method using ICP-MS for sweat chloride quantification

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to develop a method for sweat chloride (Cl) quantification using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to present to the Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) as a candidate reference method for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: Calibration standards were prepared from sodium chloride (NaCl) to cover the expected range of sweat Cl values. Germanium (Ge) and scandium (Sc) were selected as on-line (instrument based) internal standards (IS) and gallium (Ga) as the off-line (sample based) IS. The method was validated through linearity, accuracy and imprecision studies as well as enrolment into the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Program (RCPAQAP) for sweat electrolyte testing. Results: Two variations of the ICP-MS method were developed, an on-line and off-line IS, and compared. Linearity was determined up to 225 mmol/L with a limit of quantitation of 7.4 mmol/L. The off-line IS demonstrated increased accuracy through the RCPAQAP performance assessment (CV of 1.9%, bias of 1.5 mmol/L) in comparison to the on-line IS (CV of 8.0%, bias of 3.8 mmol/L). Paired t-tests confirmed no significant differences between sample means of the two IS methods (p=0.53) or from each method against the RCPAQAP target values (p=0.08 and p=0.29). Conclusions: Both on and off-line IS methods generated highly reproducible results and excellent linear comparison to the RCPAQAP target results. ICP-MS is a highly accurate method with a low limit of quantitation for sweat Cl analysis and should be recognised as a candidate reference method for the monitoring and diagnosis of CF. Laboratories that currently practice sweat Cl analysis using ICP-MS should include an off-line IS to help negate any pre-analytical errors.
Efficacy of smear layer removal by cavity cleaning solutions: an atomic force microscopy study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of smear layer removal by cavity cleaning agents by the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS: Five intact human third molars were sectioned in the coronal portion to obtain dentin disks, which were ground with 600-grit abrasive paper for 10 s. Serial longitudinal sections were made perpendicular to each other to create four specimens, from each tooth. The specimens were divided into four treatment groups: GI, 2% chlorhexidine; GII, calcium hydroxide solution; GIII, 1.23% fluoride solution; and GIV, 37% phosphoric acid. The solutions were applied with a brush for 60 s, with the exception of the 37% phosphoric acid, which was applied for 15 s and rinsed with distilled water for 60 s. The specimens were examined by AFM. RESULTS: All of the specimens in GI and GII showed 100% of the dentin tubules obliterated by the smear layer. However, all of the specimens in GIII and GIV showed 0% of the dentin tubules obliterated by the smear layer. CONCLUSION: The 1.23% fluoride solution was effective in removing the smear layer and can be used as a cavity cleanser.
Biochemical and pharmacological studies with asparaginase in man.

The biochemical and pharmacological effects of Escherichia coli asparaginase were studied in 45 patients with leukemia and solid tumors. The drug was given in three different schedules: as a single dose, daily, or weekly. After i.v. injection, the peak activity obtained was dose related; the initial clearance of the enzyme from plasma followed first-order kinetics, and a half-life was about 14 to 22 hr. Daily administration of the enzyme caused cumulation in serum. Enzyme activity was detectable 13 to 22 days after single injections. Plasma asparagine and aspartic acid levels in leukemia were compared with levels in 20 normal individuals. Three of 10 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia had marked aberration in their amino acid levels. Patients with acute myelocytic leukemia as a group had lowered levels of asparagine. After enzyme administration, plasma asparagine fell precipitously to nearly unmeasureable levels. Asparagine reappeared in plasma 23 to 33 days after single injections. Even 0.2 i.u. /kg as a skin test dose produced a substantial fall of plasma asparagine. Asparaginase produced multiple manifestations of toxicity involving brain, liver, pancreas, kidney, fingernail, and hypersensitivity reactions. Asparagine was given as a “rescue” infusion in three patients for acute brain dysfunction with benefit. Ten of 24 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and 1 of 12 patients with acute myelocytic were induced to bone marrow rating 1 marrow remission, 2 after single injections. It was difficult to correlate response in vivo and a requirement of the leukemic cells for asparagine in vitro .
A vibrotactile stimulation system for improving postural control and knee joint proprioception in lower-limb amputees

The lack of sensory feedback in lower-limb amputees is the major cause of (i) amputees difficulty to keep balance, (ii) suboptimal performance in gait functions and (iii) increased energy consumption. This also hugely affects their participation in the activities of daily living. Improving postural control functions in people with lower-limb amputation has the aim to enhance their quality of life and is achieved through the restoration of their lost sensory feedback. The objective of this paper is to propose a stimulation system for restoring plantar pressure perception and knee-joint proprioception in lower-limb amputees. The proposed approach is based on the combined use of two FSRs, two accelerometers and two or three vibrotactile actuators. For validating the system, two experimental sessions were carried out on sixteen healthy subjects and one lower-limb amputee. They were aimed to (i) assess if vibrotactile feedback can improve balance control in lower-limb amputees and (ii) investigate the potentiality of the vibrotactile perception as a means to restore amputees' knee-joint proprioception. Quantitative indices capable of describing users' performance were extracted from the processed data and a statistical analysis was performed to compare different types of sensory feedback: i.e. (i) augmented visuo-proprioceptive feedback, no feedback, forearm vibrotactile feedback and low-back vibrotactile feedback in the 1st experimental session and (ii) forearm continuous vibrotactile feedback, low-back continuous vibrotactile feedback, forearm discrete vibrotactile feedback, and low-back discrete vibrotactile feedback in the 2nd experimental session. The achieved results on the vibrotactile stimulation were encouraging for both applications, i.e. restoring amputees' plantar pressure perception and knee-joint proprioception.