Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Australian evaluation of Autobac I with suggested interpretive and technical modifications

Autobac I, a recently introduced semiautomated method for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing, has been evaluated by comparison with the calibrated dichotomous sensitivity disk diffusion technique, which is routinely used in many Australian hospitals. Only the most common clinical isolates, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. , and Proteus mirabilis, were included in this evaluation, and an overall interpretive agreement of 93% was obtained. However, an unusually high rate of discrepancy was noted in several organism-antibiotic combinations, in particular E. coli and P. mirabilis with ampicillin, S. aureus with penicillin, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus with methicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. The discrepancies associated with ampicillin have been reduced from 29 and 24% for E. coli and P. mirabilis, respectively, to less than 5% after the utilization of commercial 10-micrograms diffusion disks, in preference to the lower antibiotic content disks supplied by the Autobac manufacturer. Furthermore, modifications in the interpretive procedure have eliminated discrepancies associated with S. aureus and penicillin.
VIEW AND ILLUMINATION INVARIANT ITERATIVE BASED IMAGE MATCHING

In this paper, the challenges in local-feature-base d image matching are variations of view and illumin ation. Different methods have been recently proposed to address these problems by using invariant feature detectors and distinctive descriptors. However, the matching performance is still unstable and inaccura te, particularly when large variation in view or il lumination occurs. In this paper, we propose a view and illumination invariant image matching method. We iteratively estimate the relati onship of the relative view and illumination of the images, transform the view of o ne image to the other, and normalize their illumina tion for accurate matching. The performance of matching is significantly improved a nd is not affected by the changes of view and illum ination in a valid range. The proposed method would fail when the initial view an d illumination method fails, which gives us a new sto evaluate the traditional detectors. We propose two novel indicators for dete ctor evaluation, namely, valid angle and valid illu mination, which reflect the maximum allowable change in view and illumination, respectively.
Epilepsy surgery patients with cortical dysplasia

Cortical dysplasia is the most common substrate in pediatric and the second or third most frequent etiology in adult epilepsy surgery patients.1 The histopathology was first described less than 30 years ago,2 and we are still learning about the clinical features of this disorder. Early surgical series involved few patients or focused on MRI positive cases,3,4 and reported inconsistent predictors of therapeutic success. Only recently have single centers published surgical cohorts of over 100 patients.5,6 This issue of Neurology® publishes two studies that together report on 315 epilepsy surgery patients with cortical dysplasia: Krsek et al., a mostly pediatric cohort from Miami Children's Hospital, and Kim et al., a generally adult population from Seoul, Korea.7,8 Both centers have previously published on their cohorts.9,10 From these and other reports emerges a clearer image of the electro-clinico-pathologic characteristics of patients with cortical dysplasia. For example, most surgical patients have mild compared with severe forms of cortical dysplasia on histopathology. This is defined as mild malformations of cortical development (mMCD; 16%) or mild type I (59%) cortical dysplasia using the Palmini classification system …
Circuit models of passive one-ports with resistive and capacitive behavior

A method for finding the reduced order circuit models (ROM) of RC one-port devices is presented. These ROMs have a minimum number of circuit elements and their frequency characteristics can be matched perfectly to those of the modeled device. The frequency characteristic of an interdigital capacitor is matched up perfectly with that of its ROM and two ROMs are developed for the human body whose frequency characteristic is measured with errors.
The expression of lipopolysaccharide by strains of Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri and Shigella boydii and their cross-reacting strains of Escherichia coli.

Strains of Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri and Shigella boydii express lipopolysaccharides, that enable the serotyping of strains based on their antigenic structures. Certain strains of S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. boydii are known to share epitopes with strains of Escherichia coli; however, the lipopolysaccharide profiles of the cross-reacting organisms have not been compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) lipopolysaccharides profiling. In the present study, type strains of these bacteria were examined using SDS-PAGE/silver staining to compare their respective lipopolysaccharide profiles. Strains of S. dysenteriae, S. boydii and S. flexneri all expressed long-chain lipopolysaccharide, with distinct profile patterns. The majority of strains of Shigella spp. , known to cross-react with strains of E. coli, had lipopolysaccharide profiles quite distinct from the respective strain of E. coli. It was concluded that while cross-reacting strains of Shigella spp. and E. coli may express shared lipopolysaccharide epitopes, their lipopolysaccharide structures are not identical.
Improving patient safety using the sterile cockpit principle during medication administration: a collaborative, unit-based project.

AIM To implement the sterile cockpit principle to decrease interruptions and distractions during high volume medication administration and reduce the number of medication errors. BACKGROUND While some studies have described the importance of reducing interruptions as a tactic to reduce medication errors, work is needed to assess the impact on patient outcomes. METHODS Data regarding the type and frequency of distractions were collected during the first 11 weeks of implementation. Medication error rates were tracked 1 year before and after 1 year implementation. RESULTS Simple regression analysis showed a decrease in the mean number of distractions, (β = -0.193, P = 0.02) over time. The medication error rate decreased by 42.78% (P = 0.04) after implementation of the sterile cockpit principle. CONCLUSIONS The use of crew resource management techniques, including the sterile cockpit principle, applied to medication administration has a significant impact on patient safety. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Applying the sterile cockpit principle to inpatient medical units is a feasible approach to reduce the number of distractions during the administration of medication, thus, reducing the likelihood of medication error. 'Do Not Disturb' signs and vests are inexpensive, simple interventions that can be used as reminders to decrease distractions.
Anomalous refraction and diffraction in discrete optical systems.

We experimentally prove that light propagation in a discrete system, i.e., an array of coupled waveguides, exhibits striking anomalies. We show that refraction is restricted to a cone, irrespective of the initial tilt of the beam. Diffraction can be controlled in size and sign by the input conditions. Diffractive beam spreading can even be arrested and diverging light can be focused. The results can be thoroughly theoretically explained.
A thin wideband circuit analog absorber using square-loop arrays

This paper describes an enhanced thin and wideband circuit analog (CA) absorber consisting of square-loop arrays. The enhanced design replaces the metallic backplate of a circuit analog absorber with a conductor-backed resistor-loaded high impedance surface (HIS). First, a wideband single-layer CA absorber with metallic backplate is designed. The metallic backplate is then replaced by a conductor-backed resistor-loaded HIS to improve the absorption bandwidth. It is shown through simulations that the bandwidth with 10dB reflectivity reduction is 137.6%, while the total thickness of the designed absorber is only 0. 078λL, where λL is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency.
Growth Patterns of Breastfed Infants and the Current Status of Growth Charts for Infants

In summary, numerous studies have indicated that the pattern of growth during infancy is influenced by feeding mode. Compared to formula-fed infants, breastfed infants generally gain less weight, particularly after the first few months of life. This appears to be a normal pattern among healthy, thriving infants. Although true growth faltering can certainly occur among breastfed infants, it is difficult to evaluate using the NCHS growth chart, which is based on a sample of predominantly formula-fed infants. This situation has prompted WHO to begin the process of creating a new growth chart based on breastfed infants.
Segmental lumbar rotation in patients with discogenic low back pain during functional weight-bearing activities.

BACKGROUND Little information is available on vertebral motion in patients with discogenic low back pain under physiological conditions. We previously validated a combined dual fluoroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging system to investigate in vivo lumbar kinematics. The purpose of the present study was to characterize mechanical dysfunction among patients with confirmed discogenic low back pain, relative to asymptomatic controls without degenerative disc disease, by quantifying abnormal vertebral motion. METHODS Ten subjects were recruited for the present study. All patients had discogenic low back pain confirmed clinically and radiographically at L4-L5 and L5-S1. Motions were reproduced with use of the combined imaging technique during flexion-extension, left-to-right bending, and left-to-right twisting movements. From local coordinate systems at the end plates, relative motions of the cephalad vertebrae with respect to caudad vertebrae were calculated at each of the segments from L2 to S1. Range of motion of the primary rotations and coupled translations and rotations were determined. RESULTS During all three movements, the greatest range of motion was observed at L3-L4. L3-L4 had significantly greater motion than L2-L3 with left-right bending and left-right twisting movements (p < 0.05). The least motion occurred at L5-S1 for all movements; the motion at this level was significantly smaller than that at L3-L4 (p < 0.05). Range of motion during left-right bending and left-right twisting at L3-L4 was significantly larger in the degenerative disc disease group than in the normal group. The range of motion at L4-L5 was significantly larger in the degenerative group than in the normal group during flexion; however, the ranges of motion in both groups were similar during left-to-right bending and left-to-right twisting. CONCLUSIONS The greatest range of motion in patients with discogenic back pain was observed at L3-L4; this motion was greater than that in normal subjects, suggesting that superior adjacent levels developed segmental hypermobility prior to undergoing fusion. L5-S1 had the least motion, suggesting that segmental hypomobility ensues at this level in patients with discogenic low back pain.
Transport of organic carbon from the California coast to the slope region: A study of Δ14C and δ13C signatures of organic compound classes

Surface sediments along a transect from an abyssal site in the northeastern Pacific (Station M, 34°50′N, 123°00′W) to a small mountainous river on the California coast (Santa Clara River) were studied to investigate the sources and cycling of organic matter on the continental margin. Sediment samples were separated into organic compound fractions (extractable lipids, amino acids (THAA), carbohydrates (TCHO), and the acid‐insoluble fraction), and their carbon isotope ratios were measured. The Δ14C values of all the THAA and TCHO fractions were greater than −100‰, indicating relatively modern organic carbon (OC) source(s), and rapid cycling of these fractions. In contrast, the Δ14C values of extractable lipids and the acid‐insoluble fraction were distinctly lower than those of the THAA and TCHO fractions. The Δ14C values of source OC to the sediments were estimated using a simple mixed layer model. These values were lower than the Δ14C signatures of pre‐industrial plankton suggesting input of both old OC and contemporary plankton to the margin sediments. The source of old OC at the 2000‐m site was likely from laterally transported coastal sediment. The estimated low Δ14C value of the transported OC suggests that old lipids and acid‐insoluble material were selectively transported to the 2000‐m site. The contribution of riverine POC to the margin sediments were estimated from Δ14C and δ13C values and indicate that relict OC exported by rivers was an important source of old lipids and acid‐insoluble material to sedimentary OC on the shelf.
Internal Consistency of the Human Behavior Rating Scale

The internal consistency of the Human Behavior Rating Scale (HBRS) was investigated. The 91-item Likert-type scale is designed to measure five dimensions: persistence, curiosity, externalizing affect, internalizing affect, and cognition. It is used as a research tool to investigate the tenets of Eaves' 1993 integrated theory of human behavior. Three separate sampling plans were employed. Teachers and nonteachers completed Human Behavior Rating Scale ratings of children ranging in age from 5 to 18 years old. Cronbach coefficients alpha were reported by sex, grade, or age for the three samples. Of the 185 reported alpha coefficients, 175 were at or above . 90, while 10 had values between . 80 and . 89.
Are Implantable Hearing Devices Really Necessary?

Indications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of bone-anchored hearing aids and middle ear implants are discussed and compared with conventional hearing devices. The hearing results obtained at the University of Würzburg in 4,195 middle ear surgeries, from January 1988-August 1993, are presented. In those cases where tympanoplasty wasn't able to provide a good hearing result, the additional use of a conventional hearing aid was sufficient. If the gain and maximum output of the implantable hearing aid is improved in the future, the implant may be able to provide intelligible hearing also to patients with a profound sensorineural hearing loss. At this point implantable hearing aids will become really necessary, irreplaceable devices.
Transcriptome of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli during Urinary Tract Infection

ABSTRACT A uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073-specific DNA microarray that includes each open reading frame was used to analyze the transcriptome of CFT073 bacteria isolated directly from the urine of infected CBA/J mice. The in vivo expression profiles were compared to that of E. coli CFT073 grown statically to exponential phase in rich medium, revealing the strategies this pathogen uses in vivo for colonization, growth, and survival in the urinary tract environment. The most highly expressed genes overall in vivo encoded translational machinery, indicating that the bacteria were in a rapid growth state despite specific nutrient limitations. Expression of type 1 fimbriae, a virulence factor involved in adherence, was highly upregulated in vivo. Five iron acquisition systems were all highly upregulated during urinary tract infection, as were genes responsible for capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, drug resistance, and microcin secretion. Surprisingly, other fimbrial genes, such as pap and foc/sfa, and genes involved in motility and chemotaxis were downregulated in vivo. E. coli CFT073 grown in human urine resulted in the upregulation of iron acquisition, capsule, and microcin secretion genes, thus partially mimicking growth in vivo. On the basis of gene expression levels, the urinary tract appears to be nitrogen and iron limiting, of high osmolarity, and of moderate oxygenation. This study represents the first assessment of any E. coli pathotype's transcriptome in vivo and provides specific insights into the mechanisms necessary for urinary tract pathogenesis.
Differential expression of the seven‐pass transmembrane cadherin genes Celsr1‐3 and distribution of the Celsr2 protein during mouse development

Drosophila Flamingo (Fmi) is an evolutionally conserved seven‐pass transmembrane receptor of the cadherin superfamily. Fmi plays multiple roles in patterning neuronal processes and epithelial planar cell polarity. To explore the in vivo roles of Fmi homologs in mammals, we previously cloned one of the mouse homologs, mouse flamingo1/Celsr2. Here, we report the results of our study of its embryonic and postnatal expression patterns together with those of two other paralogs, Celsr1 and Celsr3. Celsr1–3 expression was initiated broadly in the nervous system at early developmental stages, and each paralog showed characteristic expression patterns in the developing CNS. These genes were also expressed in several other organs, including the cochlea, where hair cells develop planar polarity, the kidney, and the whisker. The Celsr2 protein was distributed at intercellular boundaries in the whisker and on processes of neuronal cells such as hippocampal pyramidal cells, Purkinje cells, and olfactory neurons. Celsr2 is mapped to a distal region of the mouse chromosome 3. We discussed possible functions of seven‐pass transmembrane cadherins in mouse development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventromedial syndrome with normal cognitive functioning in vascular depression.

Earlier, we described a late-life depression-executive dysfunction syndrome associated with disability (1). Microstructural white matter abnormalities, common in this syndrome, are principally caused by cerebrovascular changes and contribute to executive dysfunction and resistance to antidepressants (2). We recently treated a 71 year-old woman in the third episode of early-onset (mid-thirties) major depression, hospitalized after an overdose. She had a dysexecutive behavioral syndrome, prominent hyperintensities on MRI (Figure 1), but no impairment on executive function tests. She presented with mood lability and poor monitoring of her own behavior, i.e. repetition, distractibility, and impulsivity. She performed in the average to superior range on tasks of processing speed (Trails A 73rd percentile), cognitive inhibition (Stroop 66th percentile), set-shifting (Trails B 96th percentile; Wisconsin Card Sort 61st percentile), and planning (Tower Test, 75th percentile). She was partially aware of her pathology, noting “I want to change the habit of speaking out without thinking and acting impulsively”. Her husband’s report on the Frontal System Behavior Rating Scale (3) showed major abnormalities in “disinhibition” with much milder abnormalities in the “dysexecutive” and “apathy” domains. Figure 1 Patient’s MRI Findings This patient’s behavior was consistent with ventromedial cortex (VMPFC) dysfunction. Lesions in this area may disconnect frontal monitoring systems from limbic output resulting in prominent mood lability, behavioral disinhibition, and inappropriate behavior and judgment (4). Patients with VMPFC dysfunction may have intact executive functioning primarily served by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate circuitry (4). Behavioral abnormalities related to the VMPFC have seldom been investigated in late-life depression. We recently conducted a cluster analysis of 52 adults with late-life depression and identified three patient subgroups. Cluster 1 (n=20) performed poorly on a task requiring VMPFC integrity (Iowa Gambling) but performed well on cognitive control tasks (Stroop Color Word, Tower), and had no apathy. Cluster 2 (n=19) performed well on the Iowa, had impaired performance on the Stroop and Tower, and had mild apathy. Cluster 3 (n=13) performed well on the Iowa, Stroop, and Tower but had significant apathy. Impairment in risk-sensitive decision-making has been documented in older suicide attempters (5), suggesting that select patients may present with VMPFC impairment. We suggest that disinhibited behavior, dissociable from cognitive control dysfunction, characterizes a subgroup of late-life depression whose neurobiology and treatment response require investigation.
The Corpus of American Norwegian Speech (CANS)

This paper contains a description of the Corpus of American Norwegian Speech, a new tool for heritage language research. We present the background for its existence, the linguistic contents and its main technical features. The demonstration will show the corpus in use, focussing on problems that are specific to heritage language research, and how the corpus can be searched to provide relevant data.
Three-dimensional, ultra-wideband micromachined millimetre-wave hemispherical shell antenna: theoretical concept and calibration

This study presents a theoretical design study of a novel three-dimensional micromachined hemispherical shell antenna for ultra-wideband millimetre-wave imaging applications. The antenna is composed of a hemispherical metallic shell which is suspended on top of a high-resistivity silicon substrate using a thin silicon stem. The antenna exhibits two different operational modes and an exceptionally wide bandwidth of more than 80 GHz at the centre frequency of 120 GHz. Simulation results indicate that the antenna performance is highly sensitive to geometrical variations and hence to fabrication inaccuracies. Performing a complete sensitivity analysis using full-wave simulations requires numerous simulation steps and is therefore time-intensive and impractical. This study provides closed-form solutions for all performance metrics of the antenna, followed by a comprehensive theoretical-based sensitivity analysis for evaluating the effects of fabrication imperfections on its bandwidth. The antenna structure is then calibrated for ultra-wideband operations and low sensitivities to fabrication inaccuracies.
Research on Enhancement of the Service Outsourcing Enterprises' Innovation Ability Based on the Absorption Capacity

The absorptive capacity is a key factor to enhance the impact of service outsourcing enterprises' innovation ability. This paper analyzes the innovation capability of service outsourcing enterprises the necessity of absorptive capacity and service outsourcing innovation capability, the establishment of a model based on the enhancement of the absorptive capacity of the service outsourcing enterprises' innovation ability, and in order to service outsourcing enterprises innovation capability provides some feasible proposals. These provide guidance for the development of China's service outsourcing industry.
Identification of the Protein 4.1 Binding Interface on Glycophorin C and p55, a Homologue of the Drosophila discs-large Tumor Suppressor Protein (*)

Protein 4.1 is the prototype of a family of proteins that include ezrin, talin, brain tumor suppressor merlin, and tyrosine phosphatases. All members of the protein 4.1 superfamily share a highly conserved N-terminal 30-kDa domain whose biological function is poorly understood. It is believed that the attachment of the cytoskeleton to the membrane may be mediated via this 30-kDa domain, a function that requires formation of multiprotein complexes at the plasma membrane. In this investigation, synthetically tagged peptides and bacterially expressed proteins were used to map the protein 4.1 binding site on human erythroid glycophorin C, a transmembrane glycoprotein, and on human erythroid p55, a palmitoylated peripheral membrane phosphoprotein. The results show that the 30-kDa domain of protein 4.1 binds to a 12-amino acid segment within the cytoplasmic domain of glycophorin C and to a positively charged, 39-amino acid motif in p55. Sequences similar to this charged motif are conserved in other members of the p55 superfamily, including the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein. Our data provide new insights into how protein 4.1, glycophorin C, p55, and their non-erythroid homologues, interact with the cytoskeleton to exert their physiological effects.