Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validating ENSO teleconnections on Southeastern United 4 States Winter Hydrology

8 Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University 9 P.O. Box 3064520, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4520 10 Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University 11 2000 Levy Avenue, Building A, Suite 292, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2741 12 Florida Climate Institute, Florida State University, 13 2000 Levy Avenue, Building A, Suite 292, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2741 14 4 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 15 16 Accepted in Earth Interactions 17 18
Short- and long-term memory retrieval: A comparison of the effects of information load and relatedness

1 The separate application of the Sternberg and fact-retrieval paradigms promotes a view that shortand long-term memory are functionally distinct, However, effects of information load and relatedness, observed in both paradigms, support a more unified approach to memory retrieval The two experiments of this article enable a direct comparison of these effects as observed in a fact-retrieval task, a Sternberg task, and a hybrid precueing task, These experiments are motivated by an associative approach in which performance in all tasks is seen to depend upon a parallel search driven by spreading activation. Decision time data are explained in an i'ndi'rect-pathway model with two important features: 1, Pre-tri'al activation levels of areas in memory can vary to reflect differences between short-term and long-term retrieval 2, For related material, decisions can be based upon indirect pathways that connect the elements of a test probe through pre-experimental associations in memory
PKS2005-489 at VHE: Four years of monitoring with HESS and simultaneous multi-wavelength observations

VHE observations of PKS 2005-489 were made with HESS from 2004 through 2007, together with three simultaneous multi-wavelength campaigns performed with XMM-Newton and RXTE in 2004 and 2005. A strong VHE signal, ~17sigma total, is detected during the four years of HESS observations (90.3 hrs live time). The integral flux above the average analysis threshold of 400 GeV is ~3% of the Crab and varies weakly on time-scales from days to years. At X-ray energies the flux is observed to vary by more than an order of magnitude between 2004 and 2005. Strong changes in the X-ray spectrum (DeltaGamma~0.7) are also observed, which appear to be mirrored in the VHE band. The SED of PKS 2005-489, constructed for the first time with contemporaneous data on both humps, shows significant evolution. The large flux variations in the X-ray band, coupled with weak or no variations in the VHE band and a similar spectral behavior, suggest the emergence of a new, separate, harder emission component in September 2005.
04 06 56 4 v 1 24 J un 2 00 4 Globular Cluster and Galaxy Formation : M 31 , the Milky Way and Implications for Globular Cluster Systems of Spiral Galaxies

We find that the globular cluster systems of the Milky Way and of our neighboring spiral galaxy, M31, comprise two distinct entities, differing in three respects. First, M31 has a set of young globular clusters (GCs), ranging in age from a few 100 Myr to 5 Gyr old, as well as old globular clusters. No such very young GCs are known in the Milky Way. Second, we confirm that the oldest M31 GCs have much higher nitrogen abundances than do Galactic GCs at equivalent metallicities. Third, Morrison et al. have shown that M31 has a subcomponent of GCs that follow closely the disk rotation curve of that galaxy. Such a GC system in our own Galaxy has yet to be found. The only plausible scenario for the existence of the young M31 GC comes from the hierarchical-clustering-merging (HCM) paradigm for galaxy formation. We infer that M31 has absorbed more of its contingent of dwarf systems in the recent past than has the Milky Way. This inference has three implications: First, that all spiral galaxies could differ in their globular cluster properties, depending on how many companions each galaxy has, and when the parent galaxy absorbs them. In this spectrum of possibilities, apparently the Milky Way ties down one end, in which almost all of its GCs were absorbed 10-12 Gyr ago. Second, it suggests that young globular Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 871504, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504 Mt. Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, ANU, Private Bag, Weston Creek, A.C. T. 2611, Australia Anglo-Australian Observatory, P.O. Box 296, Epping, New South Wales 2121, Australia Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University, Mail #31, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3127, Australia Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciências Atomsféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua de Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Lick Observatory, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
ON BIMANUAL COORDINATION AND INTERFERENCE

We argue that bimanual coordination and interference depends critically on how these actions are represented on a cognitive level. We first review the literature on spatial interactions, focusing on the difference between movements directed at visual targets and movements cued symbolically. Interactions manifest during response planning are limited to the latter condition. These results suggest that interactions in the formation of the trajectories of the two hands are associated with processes involved in response selection, rather than interactions in the motor system. Neuropsychological studies involving callosotomy patients argue that these interactions arise from transcallosal interactions between cortically-based spatial codes. The second half of the chapter examines temporal constraints observed in bimanual movements. We propose that most bimanual movements are marked by a common event structure, an explicit representation that ensures temporal coordination of the movements. The translation of an abstract event structure into a movement with a particular timing pattern is associated with cerebellar function, although the resulting temporal coupling during bimanual movements may be due to the operation of other subcortical mechanisms. For rhythmic movements that do not entail an event structure, timing may be an emergent property. Under such conditions, both spatial and temporal coupling can be absent. The emphasis on abstract levels of constraint makes clear that limitations in bimanual coordination overlap to a considerable degree with those observed in other domains of cognition.
U . S . Consumers ’ Preference and Willingness to Pay for Country-of-Origin-Labeled Beef Steak and Food Safety Enhancements

The mandatory Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) troubles beef exporters to the U.S. This study evaluates the extent that U.S. consumers are receptive to imported steak and their perception of food safety level of beef from various countries. In addition, using conjoint analysis, willingness to pay for strip loin steak from Australia, Canada and the United States is estimated along with several increasingly important food safeties and quality attributes in beef. We find that on average U.S. consumers are willing to pay significantly less for imported steaks.
Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global climate models

Cloud feedback—the change in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate response to CO2 forcing simulated by global climate models (GCMs). We review the main mechanisms for cloud feedbacks, and discuss their representation in climate models and the sources of intermodel spread. Global‐mean cloud feedback in GCMs results from three main effects: (1) rising free‐tropospheric clouds (a positive longwave effect); (2) decreasing tropical low cloud amount (a positive shortwave [SW] effect); (3) increasing high‐latitude low cloud optical depth (a negative SW effect). These cloud responses simulated by GCMs are qualitatively supported by theory, high‐resolution modeling, and observations. Rising high clouds are consistent with the fixed anvil temperature (FAT) hypothesis, whereby enhanced upper‐tropospheric radiative cooling causes anvil cloud tops to remain at a nearly fixed temperature as the atmosphere warms. Tropical low cloud amount decreases are driven by a delicate balance between the effects of vertical turbulent fluxes, radiative cooling, large‐scale subsidence, and lower‐tropospheric stability on the boundary‐layer moisture budget. High‐latitude low cloud optical depth increases are dominated by phase changes in mixed‐phase clouds. The causes of intermodel spread in cloud feedback are discussed, focusing particularly on the role of unresolved parameterized processes such as cloud microphysics, turbulence, and convection. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e465. doi: 10.1002/wcc.465
DETECTION OF E-CYANOMETHANIMINE TOWARD SAGITTARIUS B2(N) IN THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE PRIMOS SURVEY

The detection of E-cyanomethanimine (E-HNCHCN) toward Sagittarius B2(N) is made by comparing the publicly available Green Bank Telescope (GBT) PRIMOS survey spectra to laboratory rotational spectra from a reaction product screening experiment. The experiment uses broadband molecular rotational spectroscopy to monitor the reaction products produced in an electric discharge source using a gas mixture of NH3 and CH3CN. Several transition frequency coincidences between the reaction product screening spectra and previously unassigned interstellar rotational transitions in the PRIMOS survey have been assigned to E-cyanomethanimine. A total of eight molecular rotational transitions of this molecule between 9 and 50 GHz are observed with the GBT. E-cyanomethanimine, often called the HCN dimer, is an important molecule in prebiotic chemistry because it is a chemical intermediate in proposed synthetic routes of adenine, one of the two purine nucleobases found in DNA and RNA. New analyses of the rotational spectra of both E-cyanomethanimine and Z-cyanomethanimine that incorporate previous millimeter-wave measurements are also reported.
A Study on Task Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a new computing model using which applications, data and IT services are provided over the Internet. Cloud computing shares data and offers services transparently among its users. With the increase in number of users of cloud the tasks to be scheduled increases. The performance of cloud depends on the task scheduling algorithms used in the scheduling components or brokering components. Scheduling parallel applications modeled by Directed Acyclic Graphs onto a network of heterogeneous computers is a NP-Complete problem. A number of algorithms have been proposed in the past to solve the task-scheduling problem for heterogeneous network of computers. However, none of these algorithms can be extended to cloud computing systems which are also heterogeneous computing systems. Since cloud computing systems have a high degree of unpredictability with respect to resource availability and network bandwidth, task scheduling algorithms for cloud computing systems should incorporate the latency caused by unpredictable resource availability. The present study involves surveying the different task scheduling algorithms developed for cloud environment.
On Zero-shot Cross-lingual Transfer of Multilingual Neural Machine Translation

Transferring representations from large-scale supervised tasks to downstream tasks 1 have shown outstanding results in Machine Learning in both Computer Vision and 2 natural language processing (NLP). One particular example can be sequence-to3 sequence models for Machine Translation (Neural Machine Translation NMT). 4 It is because, once trained in a multilingual setup, NMT systems can translate be5 tween multiple languages and are also capable of performing zero-shot translation 6 between unseen source-target pairs at test time. In this paper, we first investigate 7 if we can extend the zero-shot transfer capability of multilingual NMT systems 8 to cross-lingual NLP tasks (tasks other than MT, e.g. sentiment classification 9 and natural language inference). We demonstrate a simple framework by reusing 10 the encoder from a multilingual NMT system, a multilingual Encoder-Classifier, 11 achieves remarkable zero-shot cross-lingual classification performance, almost 12 out-of-the-box on three downstream benchmark tasks Amazon Reviews, Stanford 13 sentiment treebank (SST) and Stanford natural language inference (SNLI). In order 14 to understand the underlying factors contributing to this finding, we conducted 15 a series of analyses on the effect of the shared vocabulary, the training data type 16 for NMT models, classifier complexity, encoder representation power, and model 17 generalization on zero-shot performance. Our results provide strong evidence that 18 the representations learned from multilingual NMT systems are widely applicable 19 across languages and tasks, and the high, out-of-the-box classification performance 20 is correlated with the generalization capability of such systems. 21
Atención sostenida en adultos universitarios: Evidencia de validez de constructo del Test D2

Se evaluó la atención sostenida de 32 universitarios con diagnóstico de déficit de atención pareados a 64 controles por las variables sexo, edad, tiempo de estudio y carrera. Se les aplicóun cuestionario y el Test de Atención d2, de manera colectiva o individual en aproximadamente 30 minutos, incluyendo las explicaciones de la investigación y la concordancia de los participantes mediante firma del consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron analizados con las pruebas t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados indicaron diferencia significativa (p < .01) en la comparación de medias entre las dos muestras para las medidas TR, TA, TOT y CON del test d2, lo que no fue observado para O, C y VAR. Los participantes con déficit de atención presentaron resultados más bajos en la velocidad del procesamiento (TR), la precisión del procesamiento (TA), el control atencional e inhibitorio (TOT), y la concentración (CON). Esos resultados indican una evidencia de validez de constructo del test de atención d2 para las variables TR, TA, TOT y CON de la prueba.
Noninvosive Observations on Eyes of Cats After Long-term Maintenance of Reduced Intraocular Pressure by Topical Application of Prostag / andin E 2

Daily or twice daily prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) application to cat eyes was shown to maintain a reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) for several months without causing substantial flare or cellular response. We report now on detailed ophthalmic examinations performed on these cats after 59 months of such treatment (ie, after 150 to 250 unilateral PGE2 applications; 100 jig/treatment per eye). A comparison of the treated and contralateral control eyes revealed no differences in the axial length of ocular compartments, in the biomicroscopic appearance of the lens, vitreous, retina, or optic nerve head, in the rate of light-induced pupillary constriction or in the wave form of the electroretinogram. The cell density of the cornea! endothelium was not decreased, but the endothelial surface did contain a few small "dark spots. " A slight iridial heterochromia was generally apparent. In three of the cats PGE2 application had a sialagogic effect that became a conditioned reflex. Cats tended to keep their lids closed after each treatment; lid closure was more prolonged in the PGE2-treated eye than in the contralateral eye that received the same volume (50 n\) of vehicle solution. It is concluded that daily treatment with PGE2, in doses sufficient to cause a maintained reduction in IOP, does have some side effects. However, none of these side effects are of sufficient importance to exclude the use of eicosanoids as potential anti-glaucoma agents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24:376-380, 1983
Entrepreneurial attitudes among Romanian doctoral students. An empirical study

The subject of entrepreneurial attitudes, orientation and potential of young students is one of great interest in approaching the way public policies can be designed in order to support and foster entrepreneurship among students. In addressing this need - with focus on doctoral students, and in the framework of other similar approaches in literature, we have conducted a survey in January 2012 and developed a sample-based study. The papers aims to present and defend the results of this study, by emphasizing Romanian doctoral students’ attitudes and facts concerning issues such as: entrepreneurial background, interest in entering entrepreneurship, on-going steps if any, factors and motivations driving the choice of an entrepreneurial career. There are also investigated some personal characteristics (age, gender, family status) in relation with entrepreneurial approaches and there are also presented concluding remarks and policy recommendations. Il tema delle attitudini imprenditoriali, dell’orientamento e del potenziale dei giovani studenti e di grande interesse nell’esaminare come le politiche pubbliche possano essere progettate al fine di sostenere e promuovere l’imprenditorialita tra gli studenti. Nell'affrontare questa esigenza – con focus su studenti di dottorato e nel quadro di altri approcci simili nella letteratura – nel gennaio 2012 e stato condotto un sondaggio e sviluppato uno studio basato su un campione. Gli obiettivi del paper sono quelli di presentare e discutere i risultati di questo studio, sottolineando le attitudini dei dottorandi rumeni e risultati relativi a: background imprenditoriale, interesse a entrare nel mondo imprenditoriale, percorsi in atto e altri fattori e motivazioni che guidano la scelta di una carriera imprenditoriale. Si sono studiate alcune caratteristiche personali (eta, sesso, stato di famiglia) in relazione con approcci imprenditoriali e si sono anche presentate osservazioni conclusive e le raccomandazioni politiche.
Author ' s personal copy Self-deception as pseudo-rational regulation of belief q

Self-deception is a special kind of motivational dominance in belief-formation. We develop criteria which set paradigmatic self-deception apart from related phenomena of automanipulation such as pretense and motivational bias. In self-deception rational subjects defend or develop beliefs of high subjective importance in response to strong counter-evidence. Self-deceivers make or keep these beliefs tenable by putting prima-facie rational defense-strategies to work against their established standards of rational evaluation. In paradigmatic self-deception, target-beliefs are made tenable via reorganizations of those belief-sets that relate relevant data to target-beliefs. This manipulation of the evidential value of relevant data goes beyond phenomena of motivated perception of data. In selfdeception belief-defense is pseudo-rational. Self-deceivers will typically apply a dual standard of evaluation that remains intransparent to the subject. The developed model of self-deception as pseudo-rational belief-defense is empirically anchored. So, we hope to put forward a promising candidate. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. A distinction: auto-manipulation vs. self-deception
Occupant Injury Symptom Duration Resulting from Low Speed Collisions

Published data from human volunteer testing and real world collision studies were assessed with a survival analysis to predict injury symptom duration based on collision parameters. This metanalysis considered the effect of age, occupant position, sex, impact direction, type of impact (real world versus staged) and change in velocity (? V) as predictor variables. A log-logistic model survivor function was defined with ? V as the only predictor variable. All other parameters were found not to be significant in predicting injury symptom duration. For the covering abstract see ITRD E141569.
Polar Quantum Channel Coding for Symmetric Capacity Achieving

We demonstrate a fashion of quantum channel combining and splitting, called polar quantum channel coding, to generate a quantum bit (qubit) sequence that achieves the symmetric capacity for any given binary input discrete quantum channels. The present capacity is achievable subject to input of arbitrary qubits with equal probability. The polarizing quantum channels can be well-conditioned for quantum error-correction coding, which transmits partially quantum data through some channels at rate one with the symmetric capacity near one but at rate zero through others.
English spreadsheet model of economic sport value. Theoretical and practical assumptions of application in Poland

Summary: The paper presents an approach to the valuation of sports projects based on the spreadsheet model proposed by the Sport England institution. The authors show specific sport and social value factors in Poland. The research is based on a comparative analysis and case study of the English model. The main aim of the paper is to identify key value drivers and variables in order to prepare a reliable model for economic sport value in Poland. In order to achieve this goal, the paper elaborates a stakeholder analysis of sports organisations in non profit projects. The paper is developed in a wider theoretical concept of social value
Meridional distribution of aerosol optical thickness over the tropical Atlantic Ocean

Abstract. Previous studies showed that, over the global ocean, there is hemispheric asymmetry in aerosols and no noticeable asymmetry in cloud fraction (CF). In the current study, we focus on the tropical Atlantic (30° N–30° S) which is characterized by significant amounts of Saharan dust dominating other aerosol species over the North Atlantic. Over a limited area such as the tropical Atlantic, our study showed that strong meridional asymmetry in dust aerosols was accompanied by meridional CF asymmetry, by contrast to the global ocean. During the 10 yr study period (July 2002–June 2012), NASA Aerosol Reanalysis (aka MERRAero) showed that, when the meridional asymmetry in dust aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was the most pronounced (particularly in July), dust AOT averaged separately over the tropical North Atlantic was one order of magnitude higher than dust AOT averaged over the tropical South Atlantic. In the presence of such strong meridional asymmetry in dust AOT in July, CF averaged separately over the tropical North Atlantic exceeded CF averaged over the tropical South Atlantic by 20%. In July, along the Saharan Air Layer, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) CF data showed significant cloud cover (up to 0.8–0.9), which contributed to above-mentioned meridional CF asymmetry. Both Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) measurements and MERRAero data were in agreement on seasonal variations in meridional aerosol asymmetry. Meridional asymmetry in total AOT over the Atlantic was the most pronounced between March and July, when dust presence over the North Atlantic was maximal. In September and October, there was no noticeable meridional asymmetry in total AOT over the tropical Atlantic.