Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of the Multiple Quantile Regression Model for Estimating Spatial Soil Moisture after Filtering Soil Moisture Outliers

The spatial distribution of soil moisture (SM) was estimated by a multiple quantile regression (MQR) model with Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and filtered SM data from 2013 to 2015 in South Korea. For input data, observed precipitation and SM data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration and various institutions monitoring SM. To improve the work of a previous study, prior to the estimation of SM, outlier detection using the isolation forest (IF) algorithm was applied to the observed SM data. The original observed SM data resulted in IF_SM data following outlier detection. This study obtained an average data removal rate of 20.1% at 58 stations. For various reasons, such as instrumentation, environment, and random errors, the original observed SM data contained approximately 20% uncertain data. After outlier detection, this study performed a regression analysis by estimating land surface temperature quantiles. The soil characteristics were considered through reclassification into four soil types (clay, loam, silt, and sand), and the five-day antecedent precipitation was considered in order to estimate the regression coefficient of the MQR model. For all soil types, the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 0.25 to 0.77 and 1.86% to 12.21%, respectively. The MQR results showed a much better performance than that of the multiple linear regression (MLR) results, which yielded R2 and RMSE values of 0.20 to 0.66 and 1.08% to 7.23%, respectively. As a further illustration of improvement, the box plots of the MQR SM were closer to those of the observed SM than those of the MLR SM. This result indicates that the cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of MQR SM matched the CDF of the observed SM. Thus, the MQR algorithm with outlier detection can overcome the limitations of the MLR algorithm by reducing both the bias and variance.
Communal Quirks and Circlejerks: A Taxonomy of Processes Contributing to Insularity in Online Communities

Online communication offers the potential for bridging con-nections, exposing users to new views and experiences by fostering socially heterogenous communities. However, in the absence of deliberate attempts to promote diversity, communities may tend towards insularity: a state where members and content are similar or homogenous, and where deviation from these norms is discouraged. This paper presents a taxonomy of processes contributing to insularity, synthesizing findings from a broader longitudinal interview study on engagement with online communities over time with previous literature. Using thematic analysis, sixteen processes were identified which were associated with four broad stages: formation (selective connections, network homophily, shared interests, audience segmentation); propagation (circlejerking, upholding community standards, avoiding conflict, tailoring content); reaction (individual avoidance, collective reaction, mocking deviance, derogating outsiders); and perpetuation (modelling, prior feedback, echo chambers, gatekeeping). These findings highlight the need to consider more diverse mechanisms by which communities become insular, and the role that platform features play in facilitating these processes.
Developmental Biology of the Axolotl

Part 1 Scientific and natural history: discovery of the axolotl and its early history in biological research, Hobart Smith natural history of the axolotl and its relationship to the salamander, Ronald Brandon. Part 2 Developmental biology: oogenesis, Jean-Claude Beetschen and Jean Gautier spermatogenesis, John Armstrong regulation of gene expression during early development, Jaques Signoret regional specification in early development, Jonathan Slack neurulation, Richard Gordon and Wayne Bordland morphogenetic waves during elongation, John Armstrong neural crest cell migration, Jan Lofberg et al developmental genetics, George Malacinski cell lethal genes, Anton Neff pigmentation and colour variants, Sally Frost the gene e (eyeless) - its effects on embryonic development, Robert Cuny and George Malacinski growth control in limb regeneration, Ken Muneoka et al neurobiology, William Harris the amazing mauthner cell, Pat Model the lateral line system, Michael Lannoo metamorphosis, E.R. Kunh and G.F. M.Jacobs. Part 3 Practical information on working with axolotls: developmental stage series of axolotl embryos, T.A. Dettlaff et al raising the axolotl in captivity, John Armstrong et al induced spawnings, artificial insemination and other genetic manipulations, John Armstrong and Susan Duhon genetic markers and their use with chimeras, John Armstrong and Ken Muneoka primary and long-term culture of axolotl cells, Sally Frost et al surgical manipulation of embryos, George Malacinski et al. Appendix: directory of axolotl colonies, George Malacinski and David Able.
Developmental and Physiological Determinants of Caste in Social Hymenoptera: Evolutionary Implications

Ants, bees, and wasps form societies made up almost entirely of females. The societies are structured by differences among female members; these may be subtle, involving only physiology, or profound, involving gross size differences and hundreds of morphological characters. Since adult morphology is the product of development, the developmental systems that generate different female forms must be fundamental to social structure. Increased complexity of social organization requires changes in the underlying developmental programs that produce the members of a society. In this paper, I present a developmental view of the evolution of societies. These insights serve as a bridge between theories focused on the initial stages of the evolution of sociality in Hymenoptera (Hamilton 1964; Lin and Michener 1972; West-Eberhard 1975) and theories focused on the evolution of insect societies as superorganisms (Oster and Wilson 1978). In simple social systems, the struggle for control of the reproductive physiology of nest mates is resolved entirely in the adult stage; all females are potential queens. The evolution of higher sociality involves an enhancement of the differences between nonreproductive workers and reproductive queens. In what are termed primitively eusocial species, queens and workers cannot be distinguished on the basis of external structure. Size differences, however, often do exist. By contrast, queens and workers differ morphologically in the highly eusocial species (Michener 1974). (A eusocial society must, by definition, have both reproductive division of labor [reproductive castes] and overlap between generations, so that offspring assist parents in brood care [Wilson 1971].) The evolutionary divergence of queen and worker morphology raises two complementary questions regarding the relationship between social structure and the factors that determine physical or physiological differences among females. How far can the physiological and morphological gap between workers and queens be widened in simple systems
Antecedents of User's Intention to Share Big Data The influence of User Type1

In this in-progress paper, we theoretically analyzed the antecedents of the user’s intention to share big data with firms. Specifically, apart from the existing influences from extrinsic incentives, enjoyment, community recognition and trust to platform, this study makes an argument of the moderating effects of user type, in which a lead user will be more likely to share the data with firms. A research model is proposed.
Not only Online Review but also its Helpfulness is Manipulated: Evidence from Peer to Peer Lending Forum

Online reviews have become proposed as useful information for consumers to make decision. Meanwhile, review manipulation will weaken the credibility of online reviews. Except manipulating the review text and rating, we propose that review helpfulness, an important signal for consumer to filter the reviews, could also be manipulated. This study thus explores the existence of review helpfulness manipulation and the relationship between firm quality and review manipulation. Based on a dataset from a review forum in www.wdzj. com which is the leading and largest portal of peer to peer lending industry in China, we get the following interesting results. First, due to the manipulation of review helpfulness, a manipulated positive review is more likely to receive higher helpfulness, while a manipulated negative is more likely to get lower helpfulness. Second, a manipulated review tends to be lower quality in terms of readability and word count, which are found as positive predictors for review helpfulness. Third, high quality firms tend to manipulate more positive reviews, and at the same time high quality firms will receive more negative manipulated reviews. This study extends current understanding about online review manipulation, thereby providing theoretical and practice implications.
Generating Realistic Interest-Driven Information Cascades

We propose a model for the synthetic generation of information cascades in social media. In our model the information “memes” propagating in the social network are characterized by a probability distribution in a topic space, accompanied by a textual description, i.e., a bag of keywords coherent with the topic distribution. Similarly, every user of the social media is described by a vector of interests defined over the same topic space. Information cascades are governed by the topic of the meme, its level of virality, the interests of each user, community pressure, and social influence.The main technical challenge we face towards our goal is the generation of realistic interest vectors, given a known network structure and a tunable level of homophily. We tackle this problem by means of a method based on non-negative matrix factorization, which is shown experimentally to outperform non-trivial baselines based on label propagation and random-walk-based graph embedding.As we showcase in our experiments, our model offers a small set of simple and easily interpretable “knobs” which allow to study, in vitro, how each set of assumptions affects the resulting propagations. Finally, we show how to generate synthetic cascades that have similar macro-statistics to the real-world cascades for a dataset containing both the network and the cascades.
Stable isotope analysis of nutrient pathways leading to Atlantic salmon

The relative contribution of terrestrial and aquatic primary energy sources in food webs along a stream continuum in the Miramichi River system, New Brunswick, was investigated through the use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. In sites where these primary energy sources were isotopically distinct, quantitative mixing models were used to identify the relative importance of allochthonous carbon in the diets of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) and other resident stream fishes. The d 13 C data of the stream fauna ranged from -34‰ to -20‰, suggesting variable assimilation of allochthonous and autochthonous carbon sources at the four study sites. Results from the mixing model were congruent with the stream continuum hypothesis, indicating that fishes in the headwaters of Catamaran Brook were more dependent (>85%) on allochthonous carbon sources than those in sites located downstream (36-52%). Stable nitrogen isotope distributions successfully described food web structure in this study, suggesting at least 2.5-3.5 trophic levels in these lotic ecosystems. Stable isotope ratios of carbon were particularly useful for illustrating seasonal changes in food resources of recently emerged age 0+ salmon as maternally derived marine carbon was subsequently diluted by freshwater carbon over the growing season. Resume : Pour etudier la contribution relative des sources d'energie primaire dans des reseaux trophiques aquatiques et terrestres du continuum d'un cours d'eau du reseau hydrographique de la riviere Miramichi, au Nouveau-Brunswick, on a mesure les rapports d'isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote. Pour les lieux ou les sources d'energie primaire se distinguaient par leur profil isotopique, on a utilise des modeles de melange quantitatifs pour determiner l'importance relative du carbone allochtone dans l'alimentation du saumon de l'Atlantique ( Salmo salar) juvenile sauvage et d'autres poissons vivant dans le cours d'eau. Les valeurs de d 13 C mesurees chez la faune du cours d'eau allaient de -34‰ a -20‰, ce qui laisse entrevoir une assimilation variable du carbone allochtone et du carbone autochtone dans les quatre lieux etudies. Les resultats obtenus au moyen du modele de melange sont compatibles avec l'hypothese du continuum, ce qui signifie que les poissons du cours superieur du ruisseau Catamaran dependent davantage (>85%) des sources de carbone allochtone que les poissons des parties plus en aval du cours d'eau (36-52%). Les distributions d'isotopes de l'azote stables donnent une idee representative, dans le contexte de cette etude, de la structure des reseaux trophiques et indiquent qu'il y aurait 2,5-3,5 niveaux trophiques dans ces ecosystemes lotiques. Les rapports entre les isotopes stables du carbone sont particulierement utiles pour decrire les changements saisonniers des ressources alimentaires des saumons d'âge 0+ d'eclosion recente car, durant la saison de croissance, le carbone maternel provenant du milieu marin est diluee par le carbone provenant des eaux douces. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Hyperpartisanship, Disinformation and Political Conversations on Twitter: The Brazilian Presidential Election of 2018

This paper examines the role of hyperpartisanship and polarization on Twitter during the 2018 Brazilian Presidential Election. Based on a mixed-methods approach, we collected and analyzed a dataset of over 8 million tweets about Jair Bolsonaro, a far-right candidate from the Social Liberty Party. Our results show that there is a strong connection between polarization, hyperpartisanship and disinformation. As the centrality of hyperpartisan outlets on Twitter grew, more traditional media outlets became less central and conversations became more polarized. We also confirmed that hyperpartisan outlets often shared disinformation or biased information, presented as a “truth-telling” alternative to journalistic outlets. And while disinformation was more frequently observed in the far-right group, it was also present in the anti-Bolsonaro cluster, especially towards the runoff period.
Therapeutic potential of selective superoxide dismutase mimetics

Selective superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics are potentially useful in pathological conditions in which there is an overproduction of the superoxide anion O-2. (-). These pathological conditions include inflammation, ischemia/reperfusion, shock, various cardiovascular disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. A major step forward in this field was the development of small-molecule selective SOD mimetics that penetrate cell membranes, These selective SOD mimetics catalytically remove O-2. (-) without interfering with nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) or other radicals such as hydroxyl radical or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These selective SOD mimetics (SC-52608, SC-55858, M-40403 and M-40401) have been shown to have benefits in animal models of inflammation, ischemia/reperfusion, shock, thrombosis and diabetes. The next challenge with selective SOD mimetics is to develop therapeutic potential into therapeutic agents.
Endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanases are involved in peach fruit growth and ripening, and regulated by ethylene

During peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) fruit development and ripening the cell wall undergoes several structural and biochemical changes driven by several hydrolases. Among these, the endo-β-1,4-D-glucanase (EGase, EC 3.2.1.4), or cellulase, may play a crucial role. Involvement of EGase throughout development and ripening of the fruit of cv. Redhaven was assessed by monitoring enzyme activity, specific polypeptide accumulation and gene transcription. During the four stages of growth EGase activity was high during S1 and in the early S2, declined during S3, and increased with the onset of ripening (S4). Two isoforms with isolectric points of 6.5 and 9.5 were identified. The pI 6.5 EGase was the only form present during the early stages of growth, whereas the pI 9.5 EGase was most abundant during ripening. The same isoforms were present in leaf and fruit abscission zones. The antibody raised against the pI 9.5 EGase, purified from leaf abscission zones, cross-reacted with a protein of 54 kDa. A cDNA clone of 753 bp encoding peach EGase was obtained by RT-PCR. EGase transcripts. detectable only after amplification of total RNA by RT-PCR, were observed during S1, and at the preclimacteric and climacteric stages. However, the strongest hybridisation occurred at ripening, in correspondence with the maximal enzyme activity and polypeptide accumulation, which took place before the ethylene climacteric and in the early stage of flesh softening. Propylene treatments reduced EGase activity during the early stage of fruit growth but dramatically enhanced enzyme activity and the related transcript accumulation at ripening, and accelerated the loss of firmness. In fruit treated with 2,5-norbornadiene the softening process was strongly inhibited and the rise in EGase transcripts and activity did not take place. The results point to the EGases being involved in early fruit growth and the initial phases of softening. The presence of two isoforms and the dual effect of propylene on enzyme activity suggest that different EGase genes operate during the early and late developmental stages in peach fruit.
Analysis of topics, theories, and methods of information systems research in the past two decades: A knowledge graph approach

Understanding the development of research fields is an important task for researchers. Previous studies on analyzing Information Systems (IS) research mainly focus on document level analysis or latent topic analysis. Great expert efforts are required in order to gain useful insights from the analysis. With the increasingly large number of academic publications in the IS field, it is critical to utilize advanced techniques to extract finer knowledge automatically for a better understanding of the field. In this research, we use machine learning methods to automatically construct an IS knowledge graph. The knowledge graph contains research topics, theories, methods, and their relationships extracted from scientific papers published between 1999 and 2018 in eight IS leading journals. We then employ it to analyze IS research at a fine level. A series of examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the knowledge graph approach. This study is the first attempt that uses knowledge graph to analyze IS research and it helps researchers better understand the development of IS field without much human labor.
Wrangling with Non-Standard Data

Research in the digital humanities and computational social sciences requiresovercomingcomplexityinresearchdata,methodology,andresearchques-tions.Inthisarticle,weshowthroughcasestudiesofthreedifferentdigitalhuman-itiesandcomputationalsocialscienceprojects,thattheseproblemsareprevalent, multiform,aswellaslaborioustocounter.Yet,withoutfacilitiesforacknowl-edging,detecting,handlingandcorrectingforsuchbias,anyresultsbasedonthe materialwillbefaulty. Therefore,wearguefortheneedforawiderrecognitionandacknowledgement oftheproblematicnatureofmanyDH/CSSdatasets,andcorrespondinglyofthe amountofworkrequiredtorendersuchdatausableforresearch.Thesearguments haveimplicationsbothforevaluatingfeasibilityandallocationoffundingwithre-specttoprojectproposals,butalsoinassigningacademicvalueandcredittothe labourofcleaningupanddocumentingdatasetsofinterest.
A Qualitative Study of the Strategic Alignment Perspective of Public-Sector Organisations in Saudi Arabia in the Digital Age

Public-sector organisations face several challenges in their efforts to attain business-IT alignment. Strategic alignment is considered an important construct in the study of business value related to IT projects. This aim of this study is to identify the main factors contributing to business value in IT projects in public-sector organisations in Saudi Arabia (SA) by applying a business/IT strategy alignment perspective. This research utilises a qualitative study design that includes a sample of 15 executives, senior managers and other employees from five case study public-sector organisations. These organisations are all implementing a digital transformation plan in Saudi Arabia, a growing economy aiming at modern digitisation. Qualitative data were analysed using NVivo 12 software. The key findings of the study indicate that top management characteristics, IT governance mechanisms, business and IT strategy alignment and the implementation of IT project planning and quality can benefit organisational performance, services innovation, and operational excellence.
Physicochemical Properties of Reconstituted Milk Made from Freeze-dried Milk Powder or Spray-dried Milk Powder

Abstract This study was designed to compare the physicochemical and nutritional properties between reconstituted milk samplesmade from freeze-dried milk powder (FDMP) and spray-dried milk powder (SDMP). Reconstituted milk (87%, wb) wasmade by combining FDMP or SDMP with water. In the color analysis, the L*, a* and b* values of the reconstituted milksamples made from both powders were not significantly differen t from the control. The thiobarb ituric acid values and short-chain free fatty acid concentrations were considerably greater in the reconstituted milk made from SDMP than in the milkmade from FDMP. The quantities of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in the reconstituted milk samples made fromSDMP were significantly lower than those made from FDMP. Base d on the findings obtained in the present study, the recon-stituted milk made from FDMP appeared to be more resistant to lipid oxidation and exhibited little changes in the nutrientslevels when compared with reconstituted milk made from SDMP.
Consensus Recommendations for a Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI Protocol for Use in High-Grade Gliomas.

Despite the widespread clinical use of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI, DSC-MRI methodology has not been standardized, hindering its utilization for response assessment in multi-center trials. Recently, the DSC-MRI Standardization Subcommittee of the Jumpstarting Brain Tumor Drug Development Coalition issued an updated consensus DSC-MRI protocol compatible with BTIP, the standardized brain tumor imaging protocol for high-grade gliomas that is increasingly used in the clinical setting and is the default MRI protocol for the National Clinical Trials Network. After reviewing the basis for controversy over DSC-MRI protocols, this manuscript provides evidence-based best practices for clinical DSC-MRI as determined by the Committee, including pulse sequence (gradient echo vs. spin echo), BTIP-compliant contrast agent dosing (preload and bolus), flip angle (FA), echo time (TE), and post-processing leakage correction. In summary, full-dose preload, full-dose bolus dosing using intermediate (60°) FA and field strength-dependent TE (40-50ms at 1.5T, 20-35ms at 3T) provides overall best accuracy and precision for cerebral blood volume estimates. When single-dose contrast agent usage is desired, no-preload, full-dose bolus dosing using low FA (30°) and field strength-dependent TE provides excellent performance, with reduced contrast agent usage and elimination of potential systematic errors introduced by variations in preload dose and incubation time.