Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of High-Frequency Power Distribution Systems: For Space, Telecommunication, and Computer Applications

High-frequency AC (HFAC) power distribution systems have been the subject of great interest over the last several decades. This paper presents a thorough review of different HFAC power distribution architectures on which the authors have worked in the last 30 years. The review is focused on the HFAC power architectures and topologies for space, telecommunications, and computer applications. Detail of each architecture is given and evaluated in terms of performance specific to each application.
The effect of processing on digestion and utilization of cereals by ruminants.

It is unlikely that the cereal grain used for cattle feeding has ever been given to any great extent in the whole unprocessed form. The early literature would suggest that grain was processed both for the destruction of hard seeds from weeds and for aiding digestion. In an old encyclopedia (Morton, 1855), it is concluded that ‘the more thorough the artificial digestion of the cereals (grinding and boiling) the more perfect will be its natural digestion and consequent utilization in the system of the animal’. Later on, however, it seems that some modification to that view had taken place. While Kellner (1908) concludes that maize, barley, rye and wheat must be processed for all animals, he specifically uses the term ‘roughly ground’ as being preferable to finely ground. The same recommendation was made by Armsby ( I 9 I 7) that fine grinding was undesirable. He also refers to an experiment by Gay (1896) who gave one sheep 500 g of oats, crushed or whole, and observed that crushing made no difference to its digestibility. There is a dearth of early information on sheep, but Morrison (1948) concludes ‘in general sheep chew their food the most efficiently of all larger farm animals’, and goes on to state that there should be no need for processing of cereals for that species. The observation leading to this conclusion is not specified. It is not intended to review in detail production aspects of mechanical processing and sites of fermentation since many excellent reviews have appeared on this subject, notably Waldo (1973), Armstrong (1972, 1974)~ Hale (1973) and Burt (1973). Instead, an attempt will be made to review in more detail how processing of cereal grain influences digestion in the rumen both when cereal diets are given as virtually sole foods and when they are given as supplements to roughage-based diets. The use of cereal-based diets for ruminants has. recently received severe criticism on the grounds that cereals could be directly utilized by man. It should be remembered that for ruminants in the UK, cereals are mainly grown as winter foods on arable land in competition with other sources of winter food such as silage, hay or root crops. It would seem difficult to argue that cereals should not be used if it was economical to do so, unless it is argued also that no arable land should be used for the production of winter food to sustain animal production.
Design and PIC simulation a stagger tuned gyro-twystron

In this paper, the design and particle simulation of a Ka-band stagger tuned gyro-twystron amplifier is presented. The concept of stagger tuning in gyro-twystron improves the bandwidth along with high RF output power which is suitable for radar application. The complete amplifier structure is modelled in “CST particle studio” for studying the beam wave interaction behaviour. The PIC simulation predicted a peak output power of ~ 135kW for the beam parameters of 80 kV, 3A with a velocity spread of 5%. The electronic efficiency has been obtained as 56%, and the saturated gain of 57 dB. The stagger technique enhanced the bandwidth by ~ 2% about the centre frequency.
In situ labeling of apoptotic cell death in the cerebral cortex and thalamus of rats during development

Apoptosis is a form of naturally occurring cell death that plays a fundamental role during development and is characterized by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. In this study we used specific in situ labeling of DNA breaks (Gavrieli et al. [1992] J. Cell. Biol. 119:493–501) to analyze the distribution of apoptotic cells in rat cerebral cortex and thalarnus at different developmental stages from embryonic day 16 to adulthood. Control experiments and electron microscopy confirmed that the reaction product was confined to the nucleus of selected cells. Plotting and counting of labeled nuclei in counterstained paraffin sections showed that apoptosis occurred mainly during the first postnatal week and was absent in embryonic and adult samples. In the cortex, the number of apoptotic cells progressively increased from birth to the first postnatal week, with a peak between postnatal (P) day 5 and P8, and subsequently decreased. At the time of maximal expression of apoptosis, labeled nuclei were present mainly in layer VIb and underlying white matter and at the border between cortical plate and layer I. Only a few apoptotic cells were found scattered in the thalamus, without a particular concentration in selected areas, but with a peak at P5. Differences in the number of apoptotic cells between cortex and thalamus suggest that apoptotic cell death may have a different functional significance in the two brain areas. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absorption of Taurocholate-24-14C Through the Canine Gastric Mucosa.∗

Summary When neutral solutions of natural dog bile or of synthetic taurocholate labeled with chromatographically pure taurocholate-24-14C were placed in pouches of the oxyntic gland area of the dog's stomach, total radioactivity decreased. Calculated rate of absorption of taurocholate was greater the higher the concentration of taurocholate in the pouch, and it ranged from 12 to 304 μM per hour. That bile salt can be absorbed from the stomach into venous blood was shown by the fact that when the stomach of an anesthetized dog was filled with a neutral solution of 10 mM bile salts derived from dog bile and labeled with taurocholate-24-14C, radioactivity appeared in the fluid collected by cannulation of the animal's bile duct.
Pentoxifylline decreases neutrophil respiratory bursts in patients with stable angina

Abstract— We estimated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the respiratory burst (examined by chemiluminescence method) of unprimed and primed neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in patients with stable angina pectoris. Chemiluminescence of non‐stimulated as well as formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated neutrophils was measured. We studied 45 patients with stable angina subjected to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedure, who were randomly divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 24 patients who were administered pentoxifylline orally, and the control group consisted of 21 patients without pentoxifylline administration. Blood samples for examination were collected from the coronary sinus and peripheral vein just before the PTCA procedure. Pentoxifylline decreased the respiratory burst of non‐stimulated and fMLP‐stimulated neutrophils without affecting the chemiluminescence of PMA stimulated neutrophils. Moreover, pentoxifylline diminished the chemiluminescence non‐stimulated and stimulated by fMLP but not by PMA of TNF‐α primed neutrophils. We presume that administration of PTX in stable angina patients may have a beneficial effect.
Antibody to Multiple Mucoid Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, Measured by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

ABSTRACT: The sera from 32 patients with cystic fibrosis who were chronically colonized with mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MPA) were tested for anti-MPA antibodies. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we measured IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody titers to three MPA strains, extracts of those strains, and seaweed-derived sodium alginate, which is similar chemically to the exopolysaccharide of MPA. These titers were compared with identical tests performed on the sera of eight cystic fibrosis patients who never were colonized with MPA and 10 normal adults. The IgG titers were significantly higher in tests of sera from the colonized patients compared with the other two groups but the IgA and IgM titers were not significantly higher. In colonized patients antibody titers to the different antigens correlated with each other suggesting that the major antibody response was to common antigenic determinants. Using these titers as a data base, eight patients whose clinical status was unknown to the testers, had IgG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests of their sera and the four colonized patients with cystic fibrosis were correctly identified. Three of them had substantial titers of antibody in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Book Reviews

Harrington’s statement that the predicament of slaves is that they have no control over their lives and are consequently forced to live in a state of unending anxiety (xiii) and to observations by John Milton and others that servitude breeds servility (213–15)—suggest that his central objection to dependence upon arbitrary power is not that such dependence deprives people of liberty but that whatever liberty they may enjoy in a state of dependence is radically insecure. The obvious way to solve a problem posed by lack of security is not to attain greater liberty but to obtain the power required to secure liberty and other goods. Hobbes’s conception of liberty is undoubtedly too narrow, and perhaps for that reason it is in fact not exhaustive of the way most people ordinarily think about liberty today. But there is far more merit in his attempt to delineate carefully a distinction between liberty and power than Skinner recognizes.
Family and personal medical history and risk of meningioma.

OBJECT Little is known about the epidemiology of meningioma, the most frequently reported primary brain tumor in the US. The authors undertook a case-control study to examine the relationship between family and personal medical history and meningioma risk. METHODS The authors compared the personal and first-degree family histories of 1124 patients with meningioma (age range 20-79 years) in Connecticut, Massachusetts, North Carolina, the San Francisco Bay Area, and 8 Houston counties between May 1, 2006, and February 26, 2010, and the histories of 1000 control individuals who were frequency-matched for age, sex, and geography. RESULTS The patients were more likely than the controls to report a first-degree family history of meningioma (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6-11.5), and there was an even stronger association in younger cases. The patients were less likely than controls to report immune conditions including allergy (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7) but were more likely to report a history of thyroid cancer (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.02-21.5) or leukemia (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2-24.1) (most after radiotherapy). Among women, patients were more likely than controls to report hormonally related conditions--uterine fibroid tumors (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.5), endometriosis (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.5-2.1), and breast cancer (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8-2.3). CONCLUSIONS The influence of genetics, the immune system, and radiation near the head on meningioma risk is suggested in the authors' findings; the role of hormones is intriguing but requires further study.
[Effects of activation of ALDH2 by ethanol on the expression of JNK in kidney of diabetic rats].

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) by ethanol on the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the kidney of diabetic rats. METHODS Eightheen healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6): normal control group, diabetes group and ethanol + diabetes group. After 8 weeks, 24 h urine samples from rats were collected to detect urinary protein content. The kidney was isolated and the ratio of kidney weight/body weight (index of kidney weight) was detected. The levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were measured. Morphological changes of renal tissue were observed by optical microscope. The protein expressions of ALDH2 and JNK in renal tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the normal control rats, the levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and the index of kidney weight were increased markedly in diabetic rats. The expression of ALDH2 protein was decreased, while p-JNK, JNK protein expressions and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK were increased. The morphological observation was shown that the amount of glomerular mesangial matrix were increased, basement membrane were thickened and capillary lumen were narrowed. However,in ethanol + diabetes group, renal function was improved and the damage of renal structure was attenuated. The expression of ALDH2 protein was increased, while p-JNK, JNK and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK were decreased. CONCLUSION Enhanced ALDH2 expression can protect kidney in diabetic rats, which may be relevant with inhibitting the activity of JNK pathway.
Insulin Sensitivity and Mitochondrial Function Are Improved in Children With Burn Injury During a Randomized Controlled Trial of Fenofibrate

Objective:To determine some of the mechanisms involved in insulin resistance immediately following burn trauma, and to determine the efficacy of PPAR-α agonism for alleviating insulin resistance in this population. Summary Background Data:Hyperglycemia following trauma, especially burns, is well documented. However, the underlying insulin resistance is not well understood, and there are limited treatment options. Methods:Twenty-one children 4 to 16 years of age with >40% total body surface area burns were enrolled in a double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Whole body and liver insulin sensitivity were assessed with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and insulin signaling and mitochondrial function were measured in muscle biopsies taken before and after ∼2 weeks of either placebo (PLA) or 5 mg/kg of PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate (FEN) treatment, within 3 weeks of injury. Results:The change in average daily glucose concentrations was significant between groups after treatment (146 ± 9 vs. 161 ± 9 mg/dL PLA and 158 ± 7 vs. 145 ± 4 FEN; pretreatment vs. posttreatment; P = 0.004). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake increased significantly in FEN (4.3 ± 0.6 vs. 4.5 ± 0.7 PLA and 5.2 ± 0.5 vs. 7.6 ± 0.6 mg/kg per minute FEN; pretreatment vs. posttreatment; P = 0.003). Insulin trended to suppress hepatic glucose release following fenofibrate treatment (P = 0.06). Maximal mitochondrial ATP production from pyruvate increased significantly after fenofibrate (P = 0.001) and was accompanied by maintained levels of cytochrome C oxidase and citrate synthase activity levels. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 in response to insulin increased significantly following fenofibrate treatment (P = 0.04 for both). Conclusions:Fenofibrate treatment started within 1 week postburn and continued for 2 weeks significantly decreased plasma glucose concentrations by improving insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, and mitochondrial glucose oxidation. Fenofibrate may be a potential new therapeutic option for treating insulin resistance following severe burn injury.
Glucagon‐like peptide 1 modulates calcium responses to glutamate and membrane depolarization in hippocampal neurons

Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) activates receptors coupled to cAMP production and calcium influx in pancreatic cells, resulting in enhanced glucose sensitivity and insulin secretion. Despite evidence that the GLP‐1 receptor is present and active in neurons, little is known of the roles of GLP‐1 in neuronal physiology. As GLP‐1 modulates calcium homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells, and because calcium plays important roles in neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative processes, we examined the effects of GLP‐1 on calcium regulation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. When neurons were pre‐treated with GLP‐1, calcium responses to glutamate and membrane depolarization were attenuated. Whole‐cell patch clamp analyses showed that glutamate‐induced currents and currents through voltage‐dependent calcium channels were significantly decreased in neurons pre‐treated with GLP‐1. Pre‐treatment of neurons with GLP‐1 significantly decreased their vulnerability to death induced by glutamate. Acute application of GLP‐1 resulted in a transient elevation of intracellular calcium levels, consistent with the established effects of GLP‐1 on cAMP production and activation of cAMP response element‐binding protein. Collectively, our findings suggest that, by modulating calcium responses to glutamate and membrane depolarization, GLP‐1 may play important roles in regulating neuronal plasticity and cell survival.
Title Determinants of food label use among supermarketshoppers : a Singaporean perspective

Objective: Examining factors influencing food label use among Singapore’s supermarket shoppers using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Design: A point-of-purchase survey among general shoppers in 2 supermarkets. Setting: Singapore, a country whose population is exposed to a wide range of food labeling formats because of the import-dependent nature of the food industry. Participants: A total of 200 shoppers (Chinese [75.5%], Malays [8.5%], and Indians [7.0%]) participated in the survey. Main Outcome Measures: Independent variables composed of attitudes and subjective norms (both 5-point Likert); perceived behavioral control and diet-health concern (both 5-point semantic differential); and knowledge (18-item index). Dependent variables were intention to use food labels (5-point differential scale) and actual use of food labels (19-item index). Analysis: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean analysis, and multivariate linear regression. Results: Low levels of knowledge and health literacy were found. Attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control differed significantly by age and ethnicity. Subjective norms and diet-health concern were significant predictors of intention to use food labels. Conclusions and Implications: Lack of knowledge but positive attitudes toward food labels make Singapore’s consumers vulnerable to misusing or being misled by food label information. Demographic differences demonstrate the need to develop targeted educational interventions and enhance awareness of and ability to use food labels.
Enhanced quality and quantity of retrieval of Critically Appraised Topics using the CAT Crawler

As healthcare moves towards the implementation of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Critically Appraised Topics (CATs) become useful in helping physicians to make clinical decisions. A number of academic and healthcare organizations have set up web-based CAT libraries. The primary objective of the presented work is to provide a one-stop search and download site that allows access to multiple CAT libraries. A web-based application, namely the CAT Crawler, was developed to serve physicians with an adequate access to available appraised topics on the Internet. Important information is extracted automatically and regularly from CAT websites, and consolidated by checking the uniqueness and availability. The principle of meta-search is incorporated into the implementation of the search engine, which finds relevant topics following keyword input. The retrieved result directs the physician to the original resource page. A full-text article of a particular topic can be converted into a proper format for downloading to Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) devices. In summary, the application provides physicians with a common interface to retrieve relevant CATs on particular clinical topics from multiple resources, and thus speeds up the decision making process.
The function of Msx1 gene in promoting meiosis of dairy goat male germline stem cells (mGSCs)

During sequential stages of meiosis, numerous cytoplasmic and nuclear events take place in which many germline and non‐germline genes involved. It is demonstrated that the germline gene Stra8 and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (Scp3) play an important role in the meiosis. Recently, studies showed Msx1, a DNA‐binding protein taking part in the skeletal development, also having a functional attractive factor to Stra8 and Scp3 in the meiosis. In this study, we cloned the gene Msx1 then transfected the Msx1 constructed recombination plasmid, pMsx1‐Ires2‐AcGFP, into the dairy goat germline stem cells (male germline stem cells) and analysed the effects of Msx1 on the expression of Stra8 and Scp3. The results showed that Msx1 could enhance the expression of Stra8 and Scp3 and promote the meiosis in goat testicular cells. Bmp4 activated the expression of Msx1 and Stra8. This study suggests that Msx1 plays an important role in spermatogenesis and meiosis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac autonomic diabetic neuropathy

Cardiovascular autonomic diabetic neuropathy (CADN) is one of the most common diabetes-associated complications. Disturbed heart rate variability (HRV) is very often the earliest symptom, even in clinically asymptomatic patients. The following article offers a topical overview for those working or interested in the fields of diabetology and cardiology.
Homing of fluorescently labeled murine hematopoietic stem cells.

PKH-26 was used as a viable fluorescent membrane stain for murine hematopoietic stem cells. The presence of the dye on the cells was shown not to interfere with their ability to form day-8 and -12 spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice. To study their in vivo homing behavior in detail, 10(4) labeled cells from a population enriched for CFU-S were injected intravenously into nonirradiated mice and into mice irradiated 3 hours previously. At 17, 41, and 65 hours after injection, the numbers of labeled cells per organ were quantified using the specialty developed flow cytometric fluorescence hypercompensation procedure for the detection of rare events, which allows a detection sensitivity of 1 per 10(6). Spleen homing in irradiated and nonirradiated mice was virtually identical, whereas homing to nonirradiated bone marrow was 2.5 times higher than to irradiated bone marrow. This indicates a different homing mechanism for spleen and bone marrow. The results of this direct homing assay were placed in perspective with results of indirect homing studies from the literature, introducing a new "h-factor. " From the CFU-S data, putative specific enrichment factors for spleen-specific and bone marrow-specific homing were derived. Examination of the fluorescence intensity distribution among the labeled cell population indicated that virtually all cells started to proliferate rapidly after injection into both irradiated and nonirradiated animals. This indicates that specific signals from stromal elements in the stem cell niches are needed to keep the cells quiescent and that the majority of the transplanted stem cells do not home to such niches. The potential use of PKH-26 for in vivo characterization of stem cell niches is discussed.