Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repression of photosynthesis gene expression by formation of a disulfide bond in CrtJ

Many species of purple photosynthetic bacteria repress synthesis of their photosystem in the presence of molecular oxygen. The bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus mediates this process by repressing expression of bacteriochlorophyll, carotenoid, and light-harvesting genes via the aerobic repressor, CrtJ. In this study, we demonstrate that CrtJ forms an intramolecular disulfide bond in vitro and in vivo when exposed to oxygen. Mutational and sulfhydryl-specific chemical modification studies indicate that formation of a disulfide bond is critical for CrtJ binding to its target promoters. Analysis of the redox states of aerobically and anaerobically grown cells indicates that they have similar redox states of approximately −200 mV, thereby demonstrating that a change in midpoint potential is not responsible for disulfide bond formation. In vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that disulfide bond formation in CrtJ is insensitive to the addition of hydrogen peroxide but is sensitive to molecular oxygen. These results suggest that disulfide bond formation in CrtJ may differ from the mechanism of disulfide bond formation used by OxyR.
Les rétroactions épistémiques dans les Environnements Informatiques pour lApprentissage Humain

Notre interet principal de recherche est la modelisation de la connaissance comme objet dinteraction entre un environnement informatique pour lapprentissage humain (EIAH) et un utilisateur (enseignant, apprenant), avec lhypothese que cette interaction permettra lemergence de la connaissance et donc de lapprentissage. Au cur de nos recherches se trouve la question de la nature des retroactions epistemiques les plus susceptibles de susciter des apprentissages. Notre problematique est centree sur la dimension epistemique et informatique, dans notre travail : - La dimension epistemique prend en charge a la connaissance en jeu dans linteraction entre le sujet et la machine dans des situations dapprentissage. - La dimension informatique prend en charge les modeles computables et implantes dans le systeme. Nos recherches sont realisees a partir de problemes concrets lies aux EIAH et ont pour objectif de trouver les methodes, modeles et algorithmes qui permettent de resoudre ces problemes. Ces problemes sont consideres dans toutes leurs dimensions, ce qui rend notre domaine de recherche pluridisciplinaire. Par ailleurs, nous sommes confrontes a des problemes dingenierie quil faut resoudre pour pouvoir valider nos problematiques de recherche. Ainsi, pour pouvoir evaluer nos propositions, nous devons construire prealablement des environnements suffisamment robustes pour quils puissent etre manipules par des utilisateurs finaux. Si nos travaux peuvent avoir pour cadre des apprentissages classiques tels que les mathematiques et la physique, nous nous interessons plus particulierement aux activites professionnelles, comme la chirurgie orthopedique et le pilotage davion de ligne, activites incluant une richesse de formes de connaissances mis en jeu lors de lapprentissage. Ce dernier aspect nous permet dexplorer des formes de connaissances particulieres telles que les connaissances perceptivo-gestuelles.
LVDS transmitter with optimized high power-efficiency 8:1 MUX

This paper presents an optimized high power-efficiency 8:1 multiplex (MUX) in a low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) transmitter, which is capable of transmitting data rate of 8Gb/s fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process. As compared with a conventional tree-type 8:1 MUX, the proposed 8:1 MUX saves 53.8% power consumption. A conventional single-stage MUX seldom achieves a high-speed data rate as high as 8Gb/s because of its large parasitic loading at output node. The power consumption of this LVDS transmitter is 11mW under a 1.2 V supply voltage.
Downscaling in WRF from Regional Climate to Storm Scale for Different Vegetation and Boundary Condition Sources

One of the main goals of downscaling is to examine regional weather events that are influenced by small-scale phenomena such as topography, land-sea interactions, or convection (Feser and von Storch, 2008). For the most part, large global scale simulations or reanalyses are downscaled to long-term regional climate scale so that the large scale forcings can be maintained. Overall, regional climate models (RCMs) have had some deal of accuracy in predicting meteorological features, but have struggled in timing and placement of some features, including precipitation maxima, 850 hPa geopotential height, and wind vectors. Researchers have looked to different methods of downscaling from global to regional climate scales in order to maximize accuracy (Alexandrau et al. 2007; Feser and von Storch 2008; Li et al. 2008; Qian et al. 2003). None of this research focused on storm scale properties in their dynamical downscaling efforts. One of the main parameters used to examine the performance of an RCM is precipitation. While precipitation is poorly represented in RCMs (Kunkel et al. 2002) and numerical weather prediction in general, it is a physical parameter that is observed fairly routinely in the United States for easy comparison. This study will examine some of the synoptic and mesoscale differences that affect precipitation amount and location by downscaling an RCM simulation to a storm scale simulation in the Advanced Research Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model (Skamarock et al. 2008). Because RCMs are largely driven by lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) at their boundaries, another set of WRF simulations will be initialized by downscaling North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data to the storm scale for comparisons sake. Another factor that is being considered in these simulations is vegetation cover. Stauffer (2010) ran RCM simulations for the entire growing season (Mar 1-Nov 1) of 2007, one using default WRF green vegetation fraction, the other using green vegetation fraction derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), providing near real-time estimations of vegetation cover. This study will examine a five-day period from 1200 UTC 27 June through 1200 UTC 1 July 2007 that exhibited high precipitation over the Southern Great Plains. Two simulations will involve the downscaling of the MODIS and default RCMs, respectively, and are the two main simulations of interest. An additional two simulations will be downscaling NARR data using both MODIS and default vegetation cover.
Contribution of lactate buffer, glucose and glucose degradation products to peritoneal injury in vivo.

BACKGROUND Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with the development of functional and structural alterations of the peritoneal membrane. In this study, we investigated the contribution of low pH lactate buffer, high glucose concentration and glucose degradation products to peritoneal injury in a rat peritoneal exposure model. METHODS Rats received daily 10 ml of either heat-sterilized (3.86% glucose, pH 5.2, n = 8) or filter-sterilized PD fluid (3.86% glucose, pH 5.2, n = 8), or lactate buffer (pH 5.2, n = 8) via a mini vascular access port during a 10 week period. Untreated rats served as controls. RESULTS The low pH lactate buffer instillation induced pronounced morphological changes including the induction of angiogenesis in various peritoneal tissues and mild damage to the mesothelial cell layer covering the peritoneum. It also evoked a cellular response characterized by an increased mesothelial cell density on the liver, the induction of milky spots and accumulation of omental mast cells in the omentum, and significant changes in the composition of peritoneal leukocytes. The addition of glucose to low pH lactate buffer (filter-sterilized PD fluid) strengthened most, but not all of the responses described above and induced a fibrogenic response. In addition to glucose and low pH lactate buffer, the presence of glucose degradation products (heat-sterilized PD fluid) significantly induced an additional omental milky spot response (P < 0.03) and caused profound mesothelial damage. The vessel density in the omentum and the mesentery was significantly correlated to both the number of tissue mast cells and the hyaluronan content in the peritoneal lavage, which might suggest a role for mast cells and hyaluronan in the induction of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Instillations of low pH lactate buffer, a high glucose concentration and glucose degradation products contribute differently and often cumulatively to peritoneal injury in vivo.
Polymyxin B hemoperfusion: matching the cure to the disease.

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal. org 1309 patient will become unstable or lifesaving tubes and catheters will be pulled out. We believe that patients will be uncomfortable, have bad memories, or interfere with their care if not heavily sedated. The above literature, however, demonstrates just the opposite. The second reason is the lack of knowledge, determination, and skills to change to a mobility culture. We do not see the immediate harm so we minimize it, give it a low priority, or do it unreliably. It requires thinking differently about long-term outcomes. It requires bringing teams together, scheduling the time, and coordinating the individual talents of the team members. It requires champions with leadership skills to overcome barriers and resistance of physicians and other frontline workers. The third reason is that many feel it is too overwhelming. That they do not have the resources to get patients out of bed and walking and cost becomes the excuse to not do what is right. The data do not substantiate this excuse. Those who have looked at costs have found mobility to be cost effective (13). It is time to stop making false assumptions and excuses. The answer my friend is “Blowin’ in the Wind. ” We just need to listen to the wind and accept the challenge to do something about it.
Surgical management of primary, metastatic and recurrent anal sac adenocarcinoma in the dog: 52 cases

OBJECTIVES To report the outcomes and complications of a cohort of dogs with primary and recurrent anal sac adenocarcinoma managed with surgery as the first-line treatment. To report the use of lymph node cytology for identification of metastatic disease. METHODS Retrospective review of case records of a single referral centre population of dogs diagnosed with anal sac adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Fifty-two clinical cases were identified. Altered ultrasonographic appearance of lymph nodes was highly consistent with metastatic disease as assessed by cytology and histopathology. Seven of 58 (12%) perineal surgeries had reported minor complications and seven (12%) others required further surgical intervention. Minor controllable intraoperative bleeding was the only complication noted associated with lymph node extirpation in two of 39 (5%) metastectomy procedures. Six dogs (12%) suffered local recurrence and 22 (42%) developed subsequent or recurrent nodal metastatic disease. From the time of detection of disease recurrence, median additional survival associated with a second surgical intervention was 283 days. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Coeliotomy for lymph node metastatectomy in dogs with adenocarcinoma of the anal sac has low morbidity and should be considered in patients presenting with evidence of regional metastatic disease both at initial presentation and with recurrent disease.
Univariate time series forecasting with fuzzy CMAC

In financial and business areas, forecasting is a necessary tool that enables decision makers to predict changes in demands, plans and sales. This work applies a novel fuzzy cerebellar-model-articulation-controller (FCMAC) into univariate time-series forecasting and investigates its performance in comparison to established techniques such as single exponential smoothing, Holt's linear trend, Holt-Winter's additive and multiplicative methods and the Box-Jenkin's ARIMA model. Experimental results from the M3 competition data reveal that the FCMAC model yielded lower errors for certain data sets. The conditions under which the FCMAC model emerged superior are discussed.
Adaptation Strategies for Road Embankments on Permafrost Affected by Climate Warming

Road embankments in Northern Manitoba experience lateral spreading and settlements that result in longitudinal cracking of road surfaces. Highways and road embankments can degrade permafrost because their construction and use increase the ground thermal regime beneath the embankments. In addition climate warming trend is likely to magnify this problem. When thawed, the permafrost beneath the road embankments results in differential settlements and dips, which contribute to a concern of public safety. A thermal modeling to reproduce the conditions and trends in the ground beneath road embankments in areas of discontinuous permafrost in Northern Manitoba was used as basis for assessing the impacts of climate change. Based on the simulated impact of climate change to the permafrost, a stress-deformation analysis was performed to determine the deformation and stability of the embankments with and without mechanical stabilization of the degrading permafrost.
Manifestations of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

Adipose tissue is regarded as an endocrine organ which contributes to regulating systemic energy balance. Since adipocyte is the specialized cell that can safely store triglyceride, normal adipose tissue function in buffering excessive caloric intake is able to prevent systemic metabolic consequences related to high glucose and lipid content in nonadipose cells. Excessive caloric intake relative to energy expenditure is rapidly becoming a feature of most populations around the world, and inability of adipose tissue to fulfill its role is inevitably linked to metabolic abnormalities recognized to increase risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several investigators currently advocate focusing on improving our knowledge of mechanisms regulating adipose tissue function independent of adipose tissue mass. Filling this gap in the literature will better enable us to identify novel approaches to treat individuals at risk or with established T2DM and CVD. This special issue is dedicated to various manifestations of adipose tissue dysfunction and, with a combination of clinical papers and reviews of the literature, it addresses various aspects of recent advances and opportunities in this field of research. The various papers discuss the existing evidence regarding the role of functional heterogeneity of various adipose tissue areas in determining risk for metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. There is a discussion on recent evidence for adipose tissue inflammation and adipokines production as determinants of systemic metabolic abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism. The overall theme is completed by the topics of potential directions for future research and evaluation of the role that maternal nutrition may have in the early development of adipose tissue dysfunction. Nicola Abate Anne E. Sumner Manisha S. Chandalia
A General Framework for Dynamic Stub Injection

Stub testing is a standard technique to simulate the behavior of dependencies of an application under test such as the file system. Even though existing frameworks automate the actual stub injection, testers typically have to implement manually where and when to inject stubs, in addition to the stub behavior. This paper presents a novel framework that reduces this effort. The framework provides a domain specific language to describe stub injection strategies and stub behaviors via declarative rules, as well as a tool that automatically injects stubs dynamically into binary code according to these rules. Both the domain specific language and the injection are language independent, which enables the reuse of stubs and injection strategies across applications. We implemented this framework for both unmanaged (assembly) and managed (.NET) code and used it to perform fault injection for twelve large applications, which revealed numerous crashes and bugs in error handling code. We also show how to prioritize the analysis of test failures based on a comparison of the effectiveness of stub injection rules across applications.
An intelligent technique for posture and fall detection using multiscale entropy analysis and fuzzy logic

Recognition of human body posture from the signals of wearable sensor has attracted a great interests in many applications, such as health care, aged care and sports. Main aim of the presented work is to recognize the basic activities of daily living (ADL) and detection of fall using two triaxial accelerometer located at the chest and thigh of the subject. In the present work, posture and Fall detection especially for elderly is performed using a multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis coupled with fuzzy logic (FL) algorithm. Experiments were performed with two wireless triaxial accelerometer. Real time, acceleration were acquired at ADL and were used for the diagnosis. MSE were calculated from the obtained signals and FL was coupled to model and prediction of posture. The result reflect that the proposed noble method is very useful and effective in detecting the different postures and fall. The proposed technique has been optimized to implement in real-time system.
Neurotoxicity of acrylamide in developing rat brain: changes in the levels of brain biogenic amines and activities of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholine esterase.

Abstract; Levels of biogenic amines and activities of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholine esterase were investigated in developing rat brain following acryla-mide (ACR) exposure. The ACR exposed rats showed a significant reduction in noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) contents at 4, 8 and 15 days of age whereas the adult animals exhibited no such changes. Exposure of rats to ACR resulted in decrease of NA levels in basal ganglia, pons medulla and mid brain regions and of DA in cerebellum, mid brain, pons medulla and hypothalamus in age groups (12, 15 and 21 days). The 15 and 21 days old treated rats also showed a marked reduction in 5-HT content in pons medulla, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Exposure to ACR of 2, 4, 8 and 15 days old rats resulted in an increase in monoamine oxidase activity and decrease in acetyl-choline esterase activity in brain. These results suggest that suckling and growing rats are more vulnerable to neurotoxic effects of ACR and such effects are not uniform in brain but are localized to certain brain regions which regulate motor activity and behaviour.
Modulation of TRPV1 function by phosphorylation and site-directed mutagenesis: from structure to biophysics

Der TRPV1 Rezeptor ist ein polymodal aktivierbarer Kationenkanal, der eine besondere Rolle in der Nozizeption einnimmt. Es ist bekannt, dass die positive Modulation der TRPV1 Funktion durch Proteinkinase-vermittelte Phosphorylierungsprozesse zur Ausbildung von Hyperalgesie und/oder Allodynie beitragt. Die vorliegende Studie hat das Ziel, die funktionellen Auswirkungen der Cdk5-vermittelten Phosphorylierung des TRPV1 Rezeptors an Position Threonin-406 aufzuklaren. Mit Hilfe von elektrophysiologischen Messungen konnten wir zeigen, dass die Koexpression von TRPV1 und Cdk5 in CHO Zellen eine Ca2+-abhangige Desensitisierung des TRPV1 Ionenkanals verhindert. Um den Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur und Funktion der TRPV1 Phosphorylierung durch die Cdk5 zu untersuchen, haben wir verschiedene TRPV1T406 Mutanten erstellt, welche durch Einfugen negativ geladener Aminosaurereste die Cdk5-abhangige Phosphorylierung am Threonin-406 imitieren, oder diese durch Ersetzen des Threoninrests mit Alanin inhibieren. Mit Hilfe elektrophysiologischer Ganz-Zell und Einzelkanal Messungen, sowie mit Ca2+-imaging und TIRF Mikroskopie, haben wir die Funktion dieser TRPV1T406 Mutanten durch ihre Reaktion auf verschiedene Stimuli, wie Capsaicin, Hitze oder Protonen umfassend charakterisiert. Die Funktionsanalyse ergab, dass die Modifikation an Position T406 weitreichende Folgen fur die Funktion des TRPV1 Ionenkanals haben kann. Das einbringen einer negativ geladenen Aminosaure, wie z.B. Asparaginsaure, veranderte die Ligandensensitivitat, die Aktivierungs- und Desensitisierungskinetik sowie die Spannungsabhangigkeit des TRPV1 Ionenkanals. Die Einzelkanal Eigenschaften von TRPV1T406D Ionenkanalen zeigten ebenfalls deutliche Veranderungen, die auf einen veranderten Gating-Mechanismus des Rezeptors hindeuten. Unter Berucksichtigung der publizierten hochaufgelosten 3D Struktur des TRPV1 haben wir einen moglichen (mechanistischen) Ubertragungsweg unter Beteiligung der Position 406 identifiziert und diesen Weg durch gezieltes Einbringen von Alanin-Resten und elektrophysiologischer Charakterisierung der TRPV1 Mutationen uberpruft. Eine Storung des Ubertragungsweges fuhrte ebenfalls zu einer veranderten Funktion des TRPV1 Ionenkanals. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Position T406 des TRPV1 eine funktionelle Schlusselrolle einnimmt und durch Phosphorylierung an der Modulation der Kanalfunktion beteiligt ist.
The Hypothalamic Mechanisms of the Hypophysiotropic Action of Ghrelin

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor, expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Ghrelin, like synthetic GHSs, stimulates food intake and growth hormone (GH) release following systemic or intracerebroventricular administration. In addition to GH stimulation, ghrelin and synthetic GHSs are reported to stimulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in vivo. The aims of this study were to elucidate the hypothalamic mechanisms of the hypophysiotropic actions of ghrelin in vitro and to assess the relative contribution of hypothalamic and systemic actions of ghrelin on the HPA axis in vivo. Ghrelin (100 and 1,000 nM) stimulated significant release of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) from hypothalamic explants (100 nM: 39.4 ± 8.3 vs. basal 18.3 ± 3.5 fmol/explant, n = 49, p < 0.05) but did not affect either basal or 28 mM KCl-stimulated somatostatin release. Ghrelin (10, 100 and 1,000 nM) stimulated the release of both corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (100 nM: 6.0 ± 0.8 vs. basal 4.2 ± 0.5 pmol/explant, n = 49, p < 0.05) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) (100 nM: 49.2 ± 5.9 vs. basal 35.0 ± 3.3 fmol/explant, n = 48, p < 0.05), whilst ghrelin (100 and 1,000 nM) also stimulated the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) (100 nM: 111.4 ± 25.0 vs. basal 54.4 ± 9.0 fmol/explant, n = 26, p < 0.05) from hypothalamic explants in vitro. The HPA axis was stimulated in vivo following acute intracerebroventricular administration of ghrelin 2 nmol [adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 38.2 ± 3.9 vs. saline 18.2 ± 2.0 pg/ml, p < 0.01; corticosterone 310.1 ± 32.8 ng/ml vs. saline 167.4 ± 40.7 ng/ml, p < 0.05], but not following intraperitoneal administration of ghrelin 30 nmol, suggesting a hypothalamic site of action. These data suggest that the mechanisms of GH and ACTH regulation by ghrelin may include hypothalamic release of GHRH, CRH, AVP and NPY.