Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capillary–fiber geometrical relationships in tuna red muscle

The aim of this study was to examine the size and geometry of the capillary network in tuna red muscle, one of the most aerobic muscles in fish. Deep red muscle of 1.5- to 2-kg skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, was perfusion fixed in situ, processed for electron microscopy, and analyzed by morphometry. Fiber cross-sectional area was 560 ± 30 (SE) μm2 in the samples. Capillary length per fiber volume was 4143 ± 242 (SE) mm−2 and mitochondrial volume density 28.5 ± 1.0 (SE) %. Indexes of capillarity such as average number of capillaries around a fiber, capillary length and surface per fiber volume, and capillary surface per fiber surface were high for a fish muscle. In fact, the size of the capillary–fiber interface (i.e., capillary to fiber surface) at a given mitochondrial volume per fiber was not significantly different in tuna red muscle compared with rat soleus muscle. However, calculation of mitochondrial respiratory rates in tuna red muscle yielded a substantially lower value (approximately 1/20th) .
Fate of the preglacial regolith beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet

Subglacial erosion and transport of deformable sediment influence the size, stability, and sensitvity to climate of large ice sheets. These processes may cause or sustain ice-sheet instabilities [1], and may have dictated the periodicity of the Cenozoic ice ages, in particular the enigmatic mid-Pleistocene transition from small and frequent to large and infrequent glaciations [2,3]. Subglacial erosion, however, is difficult to study. Where active at present, it is hard to observe, and, like other erosional processes, it continuously removes the evidence of its previous actions. Here we use the cosmic-ray-produced radionuclide 10 Be, which is abundant in deeply weathered soils but absent in fresh bedrock, to investigate the sources of subglacial sediment eroded from the Canadian Shield by the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and deposited as till in the north-central U.S. Some tills have extraordinarily high 10 Be concentrations, as high as those in deeply weathered regolith in unglaciated areas that has accumulated 10 Be over millions of years. In general, the lowermost tills have high 10 Be concentrations, tills directly overlying them have 10 Be concentrations that are lower by an order of magnitude, and Wisconsinan tills have the lowest 10 Be concentrations. There are exceptions to this general picture in two boreholes, where intermediate-age tills have higher 10 Be concentrations than the oldest tills. These results, combined with a box model for 10 Be and sediment transport during a series of glaciations that we use to interpret the results, show the following: First, some tills cannot be the result of deep subglacial erosion of unweathered rock, but must have originated by mobilization of a relatively thin layer of deeply weathered surface sediment. This source can only have been the preglacial regolith and saprolite, the legacy of millions of years of Tertiary weathering, that was present on the Canadian Shield before the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Second, the preglacial regolith formed a source for early tills, but was rapidly removed from the core area of the ice sheet by the first few Plio-Pleistocene ice sheet advances. Third, renewed export of 10 Be-rich till sometime after 1 Ma appears to reflect an increase in the area exposed to subglacial erosion. It was likely a consequence, and not a cause, of a change in ice sheet dynamics at the mid-Pleistocene transition.
Perfect Finance-led World Capitalism in a Nutshell

This paper considers macroeconomic real-financial market interactions in a Turnovsky (1986) two country framework with money, bonds, equities and a foreign exchange market with perfectly flexible exchange rates. It is based on conventional multiplier dynamics in its real part, augmented by either a simple LM curve or a simple Taylor interest rate policy rule, but enriched by a broad spectrum of financial assets, based in their interaction on perfect substitute and perfect foresight assumptions throughout. Contrary to Blanchard’s (1981) original contribution, we aim in this paper to analyze and solve a revised form of the model, allowing to avoid the application of the jump-variable technique of the rational expectations school, by the introduction of a Taylor policy rule that makes the dynamics convergent without the imposition of economically poorly motivated jumps of a selected number of the state variables of the model. In a final section inflation dynamics is added as in Turnovsky (1986) in order to also consider Taylor rules that are not solely concentrated on the dynamics of financial markets. ——————
A Bioenergetics Framework for Integrating the Effects of Multiple Stressors: Opening a ‘Black Box’ in Climate Change Research *

Abstract Climate change is already impacting marine ecosystems across a range of scales, from individual physiology, to changes in species interactions and community structure, and ultimately to patterns in geographic distribution. Predicting how marine ecosystems will respond to environmental change is a significant challenge because vulnerability to climatic and non-climatic stressors is highly variable, and depends on an organism's functional traits, tolerance to stressors, and the environment in which it lives. We present a mechanistic approach based on biophysical and dynamic energy budget models that integrates the cumulative effects of multiple environmental stressors (temperature and food) and stress associated with the presence of predators (the “fear of being eaten”), with the functional traits of an organism. We describe how multiple factors such as feeding time, food availability, and weather can be combined into a few simple metrics and explore how the physiological and behavioral impacts of predation risk can be included in this framework by altering prey feeding time and performance. Importantly, we highlight several critical gaps in our basic understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that drive responses to multiple stressors in natural systems. The framework presented here is, thus, intended to serve as a guide for the formulation of explicit, testable hypotheses and further controlled experimentation.
Exact and approximate unitary 2-designs and their application to fidelity estimation

We develop the concept of a unitary $t$-design as a means of expressing operationally useful subsets of the stochastic properties of the uniform (Haar) measure on the unitary group $U({2}^{n})$ on $n$ qubits. In particular, sets of unitaries forming 2-designs have wide applicability to quantum information protocols. We devise an $O(n)$-size in-place circuit construction for an approximate unitary 2-design. We then show that this can be used to construct an efficient protocol for experimentally characterizing the fidelity of a quantum process on $n$ qubits with quantum circuits of size $O(n)$ without requiring any ancilla qubits, thereby improving upon previous approaches.
Dynamic Ambidexterity : Exploiting Exploration for Digital Business Success

For startup firms, innovation is their main modus operandi. At the organizational level, they are digital natives, birthed in the era of digital business models. Well-established, traditional businesses, however, face a unique set of challenges in introducing digital business models: how can they balance “keeping the lights on” with an existing non-digital business model while concurrently committing resources to develop an innovative digital business model? For those firms that successfully manage this tension, a subsequent challenge arises. Once the innovation proves successful, how can the firm then embed the new digital business model into their ongoing operations? This is especially difficult when the new business model might negatively impact, if not eradicate, the existing traditional business model.
The Sensitivity of a Numerically Simulated Idealized Squall Line to the Vertical Distribution of Aerosols

AbstractChanges in the aerosol number concentration are reflected by changes in raindrop size and number concentration that ultimately affect the strength of cold pools via evaporation. Therefore, aerosol perturbations can potentially alter the balance between cold pool–induced and low-level wind shear–induced circulations. In the present work, simulations with increased aerosol loadings below approximately 3 km, between approximately 3 and 10 km, and at all vertical levels are performed to specifically address both the overall sensitivity of a squall line to the vertical distribution of aerosols and the extent to which low-level aerosols can affect the convective strength of the system. The results suggest that low-level aerosol perturbations have a negligible effect on the overall storm strength even though they act to enhance low-level latent heating rates. A tracer analysis shows that the low-level aerosols are either predominantly detrained at or below the freezing level or are rapidly lifted to the .
Genetic Studies in Dogs Implicate Novel Genes Involved in Atopic Dermatitis and IgA Deficiency

Tengvall, K. 2015. Genetic Studies in Dogs Implicate Novel Genes Involved in Atopic Dermatitis and IgA Deficiency. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1128. 88 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9304-2. This thesis presents genetic studies of atopic dermatitis (AD) and IgA deficiency in dogs. AD is a chronic inflammatory and pruritic skin disorder caused by allergic reactions against environmental allergens. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the development of Canine AD (CAD) and human AD. In Paper I, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and identified a locus on chromosome 27 significantly associated with CAD in German shepherd dogs (GSDs). The locus contains several genes and finemapping indicated strongest association close to the candidate gene PKP2. In Paper II, we performed additional fine-mapping and identified four highly associated SNPs located in regions with transcriptional regulatory potential in epithelial and immune cells. The risk alleles were associated with increased transcriptional activity and the effect on expression was cell-type dependent. These data indicate that multiple cell-type specific enhancers regulate the expression of PKP2, and/or the neighboring genes YARS2, DNM1L and FGD4, and predispose GSDs to CAD. IgA deficiency is the most common primary immune deficiency disorder in both humans and dogs, characterized by a higher risk of recurrent mucosal tract infections, allergic and other immune-mediated diseases. In Paper III, we performed the widest screening (to date) of serum IgA levels in dog breeds (Ndogs=1267, Nbreeds=22) and defined eight breeds as predisposed to low IgA levels. In Paper IV, we performed GWAS in four of the breeds defined as prone to low IgA levels. We used a novel percentile groups-approach to establish breed-specific cut-offs to perform analyses in a close to continuous manner. In total, 35 genomic loci were suggestively associated (p<0.0005) to IgA levels, and three genomic regions (including the genes KIRREL3 and SERPINA9) were genome-wide significantly associated with IgA levels in GSDs. A ~20kb long haplotype on chromosome 28, significantly associated to IgA levels in Shar-Pei dogs, was positioned within the first intron of the gene SLIT1 overlapping with a possible dog domestication sweep. This thesis suggests novel candidate genes involved in two immune-mediated disorders in the dog. Hopefully, these results will become an important resource for the genetic research of the corresponding human diseases.
Geographic Location Estimation from ENF Signals with High Accuracy

The Electric Network Signals (ENF) is the frequency characteristic of power distribution system, and can be captured in the form of power or audio recordings supplied by corresponding power system. The multi-dimensional diversity of the ENF between different regions allows it become a criterion of geographic localization. This triggered a lot of research on forensic authentication of digital and audio recordings. In this paper, we present a ENF-based location estimation system that integrates extraction and classification of power and audio signals from power grids. We uses several methods including autoregressive model and wavelet analysis to extract the statistical diversity of ENF signals as a whole to investigate the region-of-recording. The data is then classified by Support Vector Machine (SVM). We also built local sensing circuit to measure the local power grid data, and compare with the training data. The proposed scheme not only inherits high accuracy for power recordings, but also achieves improvements in audio recordings by pre-processing and utilization of higher harmonics. Extensive analytical and experimental results are presented which shows the accuracy and flexibility of our proposed system. We achieve accuracy rate of 93.3% for power signals and 80% for audio signals.
TaLoS : Secure and Transparent TLS Termination inside SGX Enclaves

We introduce TaLoS, a drop-in replacement for existing transport layer security (TLS) libraries that protects itself from a malicious environment by running inside an Intel SGX trusted execution environment. By minimising the amount of enclave transitions and reducing the overhead of the remaining enclave transitions, TaLoS imposes an overhead of no more than 31% in our evaluation with the Apache web server and the Squid proxy.
Vision Based Plant Leaf Disease Detection on The Color Segmentation through Fire Bird V Robot

In today’s world life the use of robot is going on increasing . Robot can able to carry work efficiently and effectively that man can do. In this paper one such application of robo can do is leaf diseases Detection. In this paper we review the need of simple plant leaves diseases detection system. that would facilitate advancements in agriculture through by using the Firebird V Robo up to the range 30cm.This techniques will improves productivity of crops. This paper includes several steps viz. Image acquisition, Image Pre-processing, Segmentation, Feature Extraction. KeywordsFire Bird V Robo, Plant Diseases, Image acquisition, Segmentation, Extraction
Hypoxia-Regulated Pro- and Anti-Angiogenesis in the Heart

Maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is essential for the survival of all multicellular organisms. Specialized chemoreceptor cells can sense increased (hyperoxia) or decreased (hypoxia) oxygen levels and subsequently regulate cardiovascular and ventilatory rates. Additionally, all nucleated cells sense and respond to reduced O2 availability acutely, through the activation of proteins, and chronically, through the regulation of gene transcription. Decreased oxygen levels stimulate the oxygen delivery system and provide mechanisms to activate cell death or survival pathways, depending on the context of the hypoxia signal. Several responses are developed by cells and tissues faced with a hypoxic challenge, particularly in the heart: 1) increased ventilation and cardiac output, 2) a switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, 3) promotion of improved vascularization via angiogenesis, and 4) enhanced O2 carrying capacity of the blood. Hypoxia occurs in physiological situations such as during embryonic development, as well as in pathological conditions such as ischemia, wound healing, and cancer.
Tracking under Uncertainty with Cooperating Objects using MOMDPs

This paper presents how Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) can be used for Cooperating Objects control under uncertainty. POMDPs provide a sound mathematical framework to deal with planning actions when tasks outcomes and perception are uncertain, although their computational complexity have precluded their use for complex problems. However, considering mixed observability can lead to simpler representations of the problem. The basic idea is to assume that some of the components in the state are fully observable, which is reasonable in many applications. In this paper, target tracking by means of a team of mobile Cooperating Objects (for instance, robots) is addressed. Instead of solving an usual POMDP, the problem is solved under the assumption of mixed observability, which will reduce the complexity of the original model. Moreover, a decentralized solution in which the COs have no knowledge about others’ actions is proposed. In this sense, a implicit coordination will be derived from the sharing information among the COs. Finally, some simulations are presented to show the advantages of the methods proposed and how the mentioned coordination arises by using heterogeneous COs with different behaviors.
The evolution of floral scent: the influence of olfactory learning by insect pollinators on the honest signalling of floral rewards

1. The evolution of flowering plants has undoubtedly been influenced by a pollinator's ability to learn to associate floral signals with food. Here, we address the question of 'why' flowers produce scent by examining the ways in which olfactory learning by insect pollinators could influence how floral scent emission evolves in plant populations. 2. Being provided with a floral scent signal allows pollinators to learn to be specific in their foraging habits, which could, in turn, produce a selective advantage for plants if sexual reproduction is limited by the income of compatible gametes. Learning studies with honeybees predict that pollinator-mediated selection for floral scent production should favour signals which are distinctive and exhibit low variation within species because these signals are learned faster. Social bees quickly learn to associate scent with the presence of nectar, and their ability to do this is generally faster and more reliable than their ability to learn visual cues. 3. Pollinators rely on floral scent as a means of distinguishing honestly signalling flowers from deceptive ones. Furthermore, a pollinator's sensitivity to differences in nectar rewards can bias the way that it responds to floral scent. This mechanism may select for flowers that provide olfactory signals as an honest indicator of the presence of nectar or which select against the production of a detectable scent signal when no nectar is present. 4. We expect that an important yet commonly overlooked function of floral scent is an improvement in short-term pollinator specificity which provides an advantage to both pollinator and plant over the use of a visual signal alone. This, in turn, impacts the evolution of plant mating systems via its influence on the species-specific patterns of floral visitation by pollinators.
Interplay of topological phases in magnetic adatom-chains on top of a Rashba superconducting surface

We investigate the topological properties and the accessible Majorana fermion (MF) phases arising in a hybrid device consisting of a chain of magnetic adatoms placed on the surface of a conventional superconductor with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC). By identifying the favored classical magnetic ground state of the adatom chain, we extract the corresponding phase diagram which exhibits an interplay of ferromagnetic (FM), antiferromagnetic (AFM) and spiral orders. We determine the parameter regime for which the FM or AFM phases dominate over the spiral and additionally become stable against thermal and quantum fluctuations. For the topological analysis we focus on the FM and AFM cases and employ a low-energy effective model relying on Shiba bound states. We find that for both magnetic patterns the hybrid system behaves as a topological superconductor which can harbor one or even two MFs per edge, due to chiral symmetry. As we show, the two magnetic orderings lead to qualitatively and quantitatively distinct topological features that are reflected in the spatial profile of the MF wavefunctions. Finally, we propose directions on how to experimentally access the diverse MF phases by varying the adatom spacing, the SOC strength, or the magnetic moment of the adatoms in consideration.
Screening for long-term trends in groundwater nitrate monitoring data

Alarge body of UK groundwater nitrate data has been analysed by linear regression to define past trends and estimate future concentrations. Robust regression was used. The datasets showed too many irregularities to justify more traditional time-series approaches such as ARIMA-type methods. Tests were included for lack of linearity, outliers, seasonality and a break in the trend (by piecewise linear regression). Of the series analysed, 21% showed a significant improvement in the overall fit when a break was included. Half of these indicated an increase in trend with time. Significant seasonality was found in about one-third of the series, with the largest nitrate concentrations usually found during winter months. Inclusion of nearby water-level data as an additional explanatory variable successfully accounted for much of this seasonality. Based on 309 datasets from 191 distinct sites, nitrate concentrations were found to be rising at an average of 0.34 mg NO3 l−1 a−1. In 2000, 34% of the sites analysed exceeded the 50 mg l−1 EU drinking water standard. If present trends continue, 41% could exceed the standard by 2015. We explored an alternative to the previously proposed Water Framework Directive aggregation approach for estimating trends in whole groundwater bodies (the ‘Grath’ approach: spatially average then find the trend). We first determined the trends for single boreholes and then spatially averaged these. This approach preserves information about the spatial distribution of trends within the water body and is less sensitive to ‘missing data’.
On the trend to global equilibrium in spatially inhomogeneous entropy-dissipating systems : The linear Fokker-Planck equation

In this interesting article the authors study the long-time behaviour of kinetic equations with a degenerate collision operator action only on the velocity variable v. The main result proves a decay to equilibrium. This is the first in a series of two papers exposing a general method to overcome the problem of infinitely many equilibria. It is based on log-Sobolev inequalities and entropy. This article explains clearly the method and applies it for simplicity of presentation to a linear Fokker-Planck equation of the type
Anxiety and Depression in Cardiovascular Surgery

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Abstract Although anxiety and depression are psychological risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), psychological aspect in patients with cardiovascular surgery has been less considered. Cognitive and psychological deficit has been still concerning in spite of notable improvement of cardiovascular surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion. The purpose of this chapter review is to discuss recent data concerning the preva- lence and trend of anxiety and depression of patients with cardiovascular surgery and to introduce the nonpharmacological intervention studies. The prevalence of anxiety and depression of patients after cardiovascular surgeries has varied from 10 to 60% and has been likely higher than that of general people. From the limited studies about patients over 6 months after surgery, we guessed the followings about the trends of anxiety and depression of patients with CABG without any other additional intervention programs before/after surgery: (1) patients improved scores of anxiety and depression 3–6 months after surgery, (2) anxiety decreased considerably for about 6 months after CABG and then leveled out for some time, (3) depression remained a bit higher 6 months and more after CABG. Patients’ longitudinal psychological conditions would have been influenced by not only invasive cardiovascular surgery but also life events. The nonpharmacology intervention would have improved patients’ psychological conditions. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term psychological outcome and to develop the effective intervention programs toward patients with cardiovascular surgery.