Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Ca2+‐dependent currents in metabolically stressed cultured sensory neurones by intracellular photorelease of ATP

1 The whole cell recording technique was used to study high voltage‐activated Ca2+ currents and Ca2+‐activated Cl− tail currents from cultured neonatal dorsal root ganglion neurones of the rat which were metabolically stressed. The neurones were metabolically stressed with 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (5 mm) for 30 min to 3 h. The aim of the project was to examine the actions of intracellular photorelease of ATP on the properties of Ca2+‐dependent currents and determine if the effects of metabolic stress could be reversed. 2 The mean duration of Ca2+‐activated Cl− tail currents was significantly increased by metabolic stress and this effect was reversed by intracellular photorelease of approximately 300 μm ATP. Intracellular photolysis of ‘caged’ photolabile compounds was achieved with a xenon flash lamp. 3 Intracellular photorelease of ATP and adenosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) (about 40 μm) also accelerated the inactivation of high voltage‐activated Ca2+ currents evoked by 500 ms depolarizing step commands from −90 mV to 0 mV. This effect was prevented by intracellular application of the calcineurin (protein phosphatase‐2B) inhibitor cyclosporin A (14 nm) and cyclophihn A (50 nm) either applied together or individually. In contrast the protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor, calyculin A, increased voltage‐activated Ca2+ currents, but failed to prevent enhanced inactivation induced by intracellular photorelease of ATP. Intracellular photorelease of ATP had no effect on Ca2+ currents recorded from control neurones which were not metabolically stressed and supplied with glucose and ATP in the extracellular and patch pipette solutions respectively. 4 In conclusion, intracellular photorelease of ATP increases the decay of Ca2+‐activated Cl− tail currents in metabolically stressed neurones suggesting that the efficiency of intracellular Ca2+ buffering was improved. Additionally, an ATP/cyclic AMP‐dependent component of high voltage‐activated Ca2+ current inactivation which is mediated by calcineurin is revealed following photolysis of ‘caged’ ATP or cyclic AMP in metabolically stressed neurones.
Música e psicanálise

MUSICA E PSICANALISE Fabio Belo Resumo A teoria da seducao generalizada, de Jean Laplanche, utiliza um modelo tradutivo para explicar a constituicao do sujeito. A musica pode ser compreendida como um modo de traduzir o pulsional. Palavras-chave Musica, traducao, pulsao. Abstract The theory of generalized seduction, by Jean Laplanche, uses a translation model in order to explain the subject’s constitution. Music can be understood as a form of translating the drive. Key words Music, translation, drive.
"It's Common Sense That It's Wrong": Young People's Perceptions and Experiences of Cyberbullying

The use of the Internet, mobile phones, and social networking sites by some young people to harass and intimidate each other has led cyberbullying to become a significant concern for parents, educators, and policy makers. The existing literature on this behavior is largely quantitative, with only a small number of qualitative studies addressing this issue. This study examined perceptions and experiences of cyberbullying in a series of 18 focus groups conducted with young people aged 9-19 in the UK. The results suggest that cyberbullying is perceived to be problematic and serious but relatively routine part of young people's online lives and interactions. The results also highlighted the influence of the characteristics of technologically mediated communication on the dynamics of the behavior. The role of anonymity in determining victim-perpetrator relationships and the seriousness of the behavior was discussed by participants, though the influence of disinhibition and inability to view the direct impact of victimization were perceived to be of greater importance. The implications of the results are discussed, and areas for future research suggested.
Unicameral Bone Cysts: Comparison of Percutaneous Curettage, Steroid, and Autologous Bone Marrow Injections

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of percutaneous curettage with intralesional injection of methylprednisolone and bone marrow for unicameral bone cysts (UBCs). Methods This was a retrospective review of 46 children and adolescents with UBC treated with autologous bone marrow injection, methylprednisolone acetate injection or percutaneous curettage alone. Inclusion criteria were a radiological diagnosis of UBC and at least 24 months follow-up from the last procedure. Healing was determined using Neer/Cole 4-grades rating scale. Results The 3 treatment groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, location of the cyst, and the number of procedures undertaken. At 2 years follow-up, the proportion of patients with satisfactory healing (Neer/Cole grades I and II) was greatest among those who underwent percutaneous curettage (70%) compared with bone marrow injection (21%) and methylprednisolone acetate injection (41%) (P=0.03). We found no association between healing and age (P=0.80) nor between healing and sex (P=0.61). Conclusions These results suggest that mechanical disruption of the cyst membrane may be helpful in healing of cysts and that this technique may be preferred to simple intralesional injections. Level of Evidence Level III.
Controle e monitoramento, em tempo real, de um processo de precipitação de bromelina utilizando comunicação digital fieldbus

Com o advento do sistema digital em rede (fieldbus) e a ampla divulgacao das vantagens da utilizacao desta nova tecnologia aliada ao uso de instrumentos inteligentes, tornou-se inquestionavel a melhora no desempenho e confiabilidade dos dados obtidos atraves deste sistema para o controle em novas plantas industriais ou em sistemas destinados a pesquisa tecnologica. Estrategias de controle classicas, tais como o controle PID (proporcional ? integral ? derivativo), sao largamente utilizadas no setor industrial devido a sua robustez e facilidade de implementacao, embora limitacoes possam ser observadas quanto a adequacao destes controladores as nao-linearidades presentes nos sistemas reais. A utilizacao dos controladores adaptativos (baseados em parâmetros variaveis) permite tais adequacoes respeitando a dinâmica dos sistemas. Nas ultimas decadas tem-se notado um significante aumento na aplicacao da teoria de controladores avancados, entretanto, a sua utilizacao no setor produtivo ainda e incipiente. Apresenta-se, neste trabalho, uma automacao hibrida alternativa para monitoramento, em tempo real, das variaveis de processo de um sistema para precipitacao da enzima bromelina com supervisao, em tempo real, das condicoes do processo sob diferentes perturbacoes na carga, usando estrategia SISO em arquitetura de rede Fieldbus. Alem disso, por se tratar de um bioprocesso, em batelada, as nao linearidades e o aspecto essencialmente transiente da operacao evidenciam a inevitavel prioridade na aplicacao dos controladores avancados, uma vez que os controladores convencionais possuem acao limitada neste tipo de sistema, garantindo a qualidade final da enzima obtida. Atraves dos resultados obtidos pode-se comprovar a que ambos os controladores PID convencional e adaptativo tiveram um bom desempenho na manutencao da temperatura, porem houve um melhor desempenho com o PID adaptativo como foi observado pelos parâmetros de desempenho ITAE, overshoot e tempo de subida Abstract
Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Diagnosing Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor

Background: Solid pseudopapillary tumors are rare pancreatic tumors. Accurate preoperative diagnosis helps in planning of the surgery. Aim: This study was to evaluate accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration and immunohistochemistry in diagnosing solid pseudopapillary tumors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed by reviewing medical records to identify patients treated for solid pseudopapillary tumors over a 5-year period. Patients who were noted to have pancreatic lesions by computer tomography abdomen underwent endoscopic ultrasound. Fine needle aspiration was obtained from each of these lesions and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Results: Five patients were identified. Endoscopic ultrasound was able to identify the pancreatic lesions in all five patients noted in computer tomography abdomen. Solid pseudopapillary tumors were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. All five patients underwent surgery and the resected lesions confirmed solid pseudopapillary tumors in 80% patients. Conclusion: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration has a higher degree of accuracy in diagnosing solid pseudopapillary tumors.
Succinct indexes for strings, binary relations and multilabeled trees

We define and design succinct indexes for several abstract data types (ADTs). The concept is to design auxiliary data structures that ideally occupy asymptotically less space than the information-theoretic lower bound on the space required to encode the given data, and support an extended set of operations using the basic operators defined in the ADT. The main advantage of succinct indexes as opposed to succinct (integrated data/index) encodings is that we make assumptions only on the ADT through which the main data is accessed, rather than the way in which the data is encoded. This allows more freedom in the encoding of the main data. In this article, we present succinct indexes for various data types, namely strings, binary relations and multilabeled trees. Given the support for the interface of the ADTs of these data types, we can support various useful operations efficiently by constructing succinct indexes for them. When the operators in the ADTs are supported in constant time, our results are comparable to previous results, while allowing more flexibility in the encoding of the given data. Using our techniques, we design a succinct encoding that represents a string of length <i>n</i> over an alphabet of size σ using <i>n</i><i>H</i><sub><i>k</i></sub>(<i>S</i>) + lg σ · <i>o</i>(<i>n</i>) + <i>O</i>(<i>n</i> lg σ/lg lg lg σ) bits to support access/rank/select operations in <i>o</i>((lg lg σ)<sup>1+ε</sup>) time, for any fixed constant ε > 0. We also design a succinct text index using <i>n</i> <i>H</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>S</i>) + <i>O</i>(<i>n</i> lg σ/lg lg σ) bits that supports finding all the occ occurrences of a given pattern of length <i>m</i> in <i>O</i>(<i>m</i> lg lg σ + occ lg <i>n</i>/lg<sup>ε</sup> σ) time, for any fixed constant 0 < ε < 1. Previous results on these two problems either have a lg σ factor instead of lg lg σ in the running time, or are not compressed. Finally, we present succinct encodings of binary relations and multi-labeled trees that are more compact than previous structures.
A Survey and Classification of Methods for (Mostly) Unsupervised Learning of Morphology

This paper surveys work on unsupervised learning of morphology. A fairly broad demarcation of the area is given, and a hierarchy of subgoals is established in order to properly characterize each line of work. All the minor and major lines of work are mentioned with a reference and a brief characterization. Different approaches that have been prevalent in the field as a whole are highlighted and critically discussed. The general picture resulting from the survey is that much work has been repeated over and over, with little exchange and evolution of techniques. All in all, the contribution of this paper is a very brief but comprehensive umbrellic synopsis to the research area.
Female intrasexual competition decreases female facial attractiveness

Evolutionary theory predicts that female intrasexual competition will occur when males of high genetic quality are considered to be a resource. It is probable that women compete in terms of attractiveness since this is one of the primary criteria used by men when selecting mates. Furthermore, because hormones influence the mate–selection process, they may also mediate competition. One competitive strategy that women use is derogation—any act intended to decrease a rival's perceived value. To investigate intrasexual competition through derogation, the influence of oestrogen on women's ratings of female facial attractiveness was examined. During periods of high oestrogen, competition, and hence derogation, increased, as evidenced by lower ratings of female facial attractiveness. By contrast, oestrogen levels did not significantly affect ratings of male faces. These findings support the theory of female intrasexual competition with respect to attractiveness.
Deployment and organization strategies for sampling- interpolation sensor networks

Networks of wireless micro-sensors are envisioned to be the prominent choice for on-site monitoring of physical locations. A wide range of practical applications has been conceived and studied in recent years for this engineering regime: habitat and wildlife monitoring, smart buildings and disaster response are only a few representative examples. However, there are also unique challenges faced by the sensor network paradigm: energy resources for individual sensors are limited. Efficient approaches are necessary to ensure prolonged autonomous operation of the network, while still providing quality of service to the user application at all times. Here, we focus on situations where the wireless sensor network functions as a distributed sampling system and sensors periodically sample a physical phenomenon of interest, e.g. temperature. Samples are then used to construct a spatially continuous estimate of the phenomenon through interpolation, over time. We examine two distinct classes of practical sampling-interpolation scenarios. In the first one we are given a large ensemble of sensors which have already been deployed. The goal is then to reactively devise a maximum number of disjoint subsets of sensors, such that data from each of them can individually support the desired interpolation accuracy. Energy efficiency is achieved by reducing the amount of data packets communicated across the network. In the second one we have to proactively manage deployment of the network from scratch. The objective is then to use a minimum number of sensors so as to again support the desired interpolation accuracy. Cost effectiveness is achieved here by using a smaller network to begin with. To tackle the challenges of these scenarios we utilize the Hilbert space of second order random variables and define interpolation quality on the basis of Mean Squared Error (MSE). Times series of values measured at individual sensors can provide finite dimensional approximations of these random variables and facilitate algebraic manipulations within the Hilbert space framework. The associated covariance matrix succinctly captures sensor correlations and enables novel solutions to the aforementioned problems. Through extensive simulations on synthetic and real sensor network data our proposed solutions are shown to possess strong advantages compared to other approaches.
Short-Length and High-Aperture-Efficiency Horn Antenna Using Low-Loss Bulk Anisotropic Metamaterial

An empty horn antenna is filled with a bulk anisotropic metamaterial to enhance its gain and aperture efficiency. Radiation patterns in both the E-plane and the H-plane are improved owing to the anisotropic permittivity and the anisotropic permeability. Aperture efficiency over 70% is achieved despite of its short longitudinal length ~ λ0. Insertion loss below 0.18 dB and energy reflection below - 20 dB are obtained, which are quite small compared to most metamaterial-based antennas. The metamaterial-filled horn is fabricated and tested, and the measured results agree very well with the simulated results.
Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation‐cultured Chlorella vulgaris

Little is known about the influence of magnetic fields (MF) on growth of microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris, which has been consumed as health food for various nutritional and pharmacological effects. This preliminary study investigated whether static MF can modulate the antioxidant system in C. vulgaris by exposing the cells to static MF generated by dual yoke electromagnets with magnetic flux density of 10–50 mT for 12 h. After exposure to 10–35 mT for 12 h, the activity of superoxide dismutases and peroxidase increased significantly compared to control cells. However, a remarkable increase of catalase activity occurred at 45 and 50 mT. The lipid peroxidation of algae cells determined by production of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances was much increased when exposed to 35, 45, and 50 mT of MF. The scavenging ability of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical was decreased markedly while there was no variation of total carotenoids content in C. vulgaris cells. Assay of specific growth rate in 72 h cultivation after MF exposure was also conducted. In groups after exposure to 10–35 mT of MF, specific growth rate was significantly increased. These results suggest that 10–35 mT of static MF exposure could promote the growth of C. vulgaris and regulate its antioxidant defense system to protect cells efficiently, which could possibly enhance the growth of C. vulgaris in industrialized cultivation by MF. Bioelectromagnetics 29:39–46, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in Antioxidant Defense System in the Plasma of Female Khat Chewers of Thamar City, Yemen

** Abbreviations used: BChE, Butyrylcholinesterase; GSH, Reduced glutathione; T-SH, Total thiols; OPs, Organophosphate compounds; CAT, Catalase Chewing Khat leaves (Catha edulis) is highly prevalent in Yemen and East African countries. Unfortunately, farmers use to apply pesticide for the better product of Khat. The present study has been designed to investigate the activity of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and to assess the antioxidant defense system in the plasma of female Khat chewers in Thamar city, Yemen. Plasma of twenty female Khat chewers and twenty controls (non Khat chewers) were prepared and the activities of BChE and catalase (CAT) were estimated along with the measuring levels of reduced glutathione, total thiols and cholesterol. At biochemical level a significant decrease in the activities of BChE and CAT were observed in the plasma of female Khat chewers (P < 0.05) concomitant with reductions in the levels of reduced glutathione and total thiols (P < 0.05) as compared to non Khat chewers. This alterations on the antioxidants resulted in decrease of plasma cholesterol in Khat chewers group (P < 0.05). The present data show that the production of oxidants which are responsible for reduction in antioxidant defense system might be due to chewing Khat plant with more attention to the pesticide applied to the plant.
CXCL12 Enhances Human Neural Progenitor Cell Survival Through a CXCR7‐ and CXCR4‐Mediated Endocytotic Signaling Pathway

Chemokine CXCL12 is widely expressed in the central nervous system and essential for the proper functioning of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs). Although CXCL12 is known to function through its receptor CXCR4, recent data have suggested that CXCL12 binds to chemokine receptor CXCR7 with higher affinity than to CXCR4. However, little is known about the function of CXCR7 in hNPCs. Using a primary hNPC culture system, we demonstrated that CXCL12 promotes hNPC survival in the events of camptothecin‐induced apoptosis or growth factor deprivation, and that this effect requires both CXCR7 and CXCR4. Through fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis and immunocytochemistry, we determined that CXCR7 is mainly localized in the early endosome, while CXCR4 is more broadly expressed at the cell surface and on both early and recycling endosomes. Furthermore, we found that endocytosis is required for the prosurvival function of CXCL12. Using dual‐color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that CXCR7 quickly trafficks to plasma membrane in mediating CXCL12 endocytosis and colocalizes with CXCR4 after CXCL12 treatment. Investigating the molecular mechanisms, we found that ERK1/2 endocytotic signaling pathway is essential for hNPC survival upon apoptotic challenges. Consistent with these findings, a significantly higher number of apoptotic NPCs were found in the developing brain of CXCR7 knockout mice. In conclusion, CXCL12 protects hNPCs from apoptotic challenges through CXCR7‐ and CXCR4‐mediated endocytotic signaling. Since survival of hNPCs is important for neurogenesis, CXCR7 may become a new therapeutic target to properly regulate critical processes of brain development. STEM CELLS2012;30:2571–2583
Organised Crime Typologies : Structure , Activities and Conditions

Typologies are intended to assist researchers in understanding complex social phenomena. This paper reviews the current literature on organised crime typologies and argues that the majority of organised crime typologies are reflected to some extent in a typology developed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in 2002. Organised crime typologies can be categorised into three groups: models that focus on the physical structure and operation of an OCG, the activities of OCGs and the social, cultural and historical conditions that facilitate organised crime activity. This paper will only discuss models that examine the physical structure and operation of an OCG; the UNODC typology is exclusively focused on structural elements. Typologies on organised crime structure have developed largely in isolation from each other and appear disparate. This paper will analyse the formation of each typology to establish their individual elements. It will then identify which typologies and their respective characteristics can be aligned with or distinguished from the UN typology. The value of this review is that it will enable greater uniformity and consistency in academic discussion on organised crime typologies.
Conversion analogique numérique Sigma Delta reconfigurable à entrelacement temporel

De nos jours, les systemes de communications supportent un nombre croissant de normes radios dont les exigences en termes de bande et de vitesse sont diverses. Ceci rend la conception d'un convertisseur analogique numerique (CAN) unique convenant a toutes ces normes, une tache tres problematique. La reconfigurabilite est une solution a ce probleme, ou la resolution serait echangee contre la bande passante. Les CANs Sigma Delta offrent un moyen facile d'effectuer cet echange en ajustant leur rapport de sur-echantillonnage. Cependant, ils ne sont adaptes pour les applications larges bandes. La parallelisation des CANs Sigma Delta surmonte ce probleme et en plus augmente la reconfigurabilite du CAN. Dans ce travail, la conception d'un CAN Sigma Delta reconfigurable et parallele est presentee. Sa reconfigurabilite permet de faire des echanges entre bande de conversion et resolution ainsi qu'entre consommation de puissance et bande de conversion. Ceci est possible grâce a un controle sur le nombre actifs de canaux, sur le rapport de sur-echantillonnage, sur la frequence d'operation et sur l'ordre des modulateurs. Une nouvelle technique d'interpolation est egalement proposee. Elle permet de reduire les tailles des capacites et les contraintes sur le filtre anti-repliement. Un prototype du CAN a ete fabriquee dans une technologie CMOS 65 nm. Il a ete concu pour satisfaire les exigences des normes GSM, UMTS, EDGE, DVB-T, WiFi et WiMax. Pour le scenario GSM/EDGE, le CAN a une resolution de 13 bits pour une consommation de 1. 74 mW. Pour le reste des scenarios, les performances visees ne sont pas atteintes cependant la fonctionnalite a ete testee avec succes.