Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Same story; different day: greatest challenges of women working in intercollegiate athletic administration.

Women continue to be under-represented in administrative positions in intercollegiate athletics. Women in this study offered unique insights into challenges they face in the field. This study explored career profiles and challenges facing women working in intercollegiate athletic administration. The subjects were women working in intercollegiate athletic administration across National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) divisions I, II, III; National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA); National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA); Junior Colleges; and Canadian Colleges. The study, which utilized the Female Sport Manager Career Survey, posed two research questions: (a) what are the profiles of females working in athletic administration? , and (b) what are the gender specific greatest challenges that women working in intercollegiate athletic administration face? This study included all 1834 women working in intercollegiate athletic administration listed by the National Directory of College Athletics in 2012, of which 28.0% (N=514) provided usable responses. Frequencies were calculated for the demographics using SPSS 20.0 and the qualitative data were analyzed using HyperResearch 2.8. Several practical implications for women wanting to work in intercollegiate athletic administration originated from this study including developing networks, being prepared to balance work and family, being aware of stereotyping, and gaining as much experience as possible.
Axonal Growth Regulation of Fetal and Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Dopaminergic Neurons by Netrin‐1 and Slits

The physical restoration of dopamine circuits damaged or lost in Parkinson disease by implanting embryonic stem (ES)‐derived cells may become a treatment. It is critical to understand responses of ES‐derived dopamine (DA) neurons to guidance signals that determine axonal path and targeting. Using a collagen gel culture system, we examined effects of secreted molecules Netrin‐1 and Slits on neurite outgrowth of fetal DA neurons and murine ES‐differentiated DA neurons. We have previously shown that fetal DA neurons express DCC and Robo1/2 receptors and that Netrin‐1 and Slit2 function as an attractant and a repellent for DA neurite outgrowth. In the present study, we observe that both Slit1 and Slit3 repel and inhibit neurite growth of fetal DA neurons. Here, we also demonstrate that ES‐differentiated neurons including DA neurons express the Netrin receptor DCC and Slit receptor Robo proteins. In the gel culture system of ES cells, Netrin‐1 promoted neurite outgrowth mediated by DCC receptor, and Slit1 and Slit3 were inhibitory for neurite outgrowth through Robo receptors. Slit2 appeared to exert inhibitory as well as repulsive effects in the coculture assay. However, unlike fetal DA neurites, no directed neurite outgrowth was observed in the cocultures of ES‐derived DA neurons with Netrin‐1‐, Slit1‐, and Slit3‐producing cells. The findings suggest that ES‐derived DA neurons generated by current protocols can respond to guidance cues in vitro in a similar manner to fetal cells but also exhibit distinct responses. This may result from developmental differences generated by present in vitro methods of cell patterning or conditioning during ES cell differentiation.
Blue Organic LEDs With Improved Power Efficiency

High-power-efficiency blue fluorescent organic light-emitting devices have been demonstrated by simultaneously doping two hole-conduction layers of 4, 4', 4"-Tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino) triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), and N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-(1, 1'-biphenyl)-4, 4' -diamine (NPB) with 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) as well as doping two ambipolar emission layers with p-bis(p-N, N-diphenyl-aminostyryl) benzene (DSA-Ph). By doping the two host layers with DSA-Ph to form the double emission layer, the current efficiency is enhanced due to the extended emission zone. We further increase the performance by introducing the doping F4-TCNQ into the hole-injection and transporting layers to reduce the transport barrier at the m-MTDATA:F4TCNQ/NPB and to enhance the hole injection and conduction. The luminance and power efficiencies reach 8.9 cd/A and 4.5 lm/W, respectively.
Performance of signal link paths in presence of signal reference planes of EBG type

In the recent years the ever increasing demand for more bandwidth and higher data rate in telecommunication world led to develop integrated circuits with smaller and faster transistors. Low power supply voltage levels are used for reducing the semiconductor power consumption, leading to smaller signal swing and noise margin on board. In this condition the noise on the power bus becomes one of the main concerns for the board designer. A good technique for suppressing the power bus noise consists in using EBG (Electromagnetic Band-Gap) structures on the power/ground planes. But, in the presence of signals referenced to EBG type of plane, attention needs to be paid in analyzing the performance of the signal link paths. In this work, starting from measurements in the frequency domain, the performances of signals propagating on single ended and differential striplines are studied, when EBG layers provide the return to the current path.
SoxRS-Regulated Expression and Genetic Analysis of the yggX Gene of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Genomic studies with bacteria have identified redox-responsive genes without known roles in counteracting oxidative damage. Previous transcriptional profiling showed that expression of one such gene, yggX, was activated by superoxide stress in Escherichia coli. Here we show that this activation could be mimicked by artificial expression of the regulatory protein SoxS. Northern analysis confirmed the transcriptional activation of yggX by oxidative stress or SoxS expression but not in response to the related MarA or Rob proteins. Northern analysis showed that mltC, which codes for a peptidoglycan hydrolase and is positioned immediately downstream of yggX, was also regulated by oxidative stress or ectopic expression of SoxS. Purified SoxS protein bound to the predicted yggX promoter region, between positions 223 and 163 upstream from the yggX translational start site. Within this region, a 20-bp sequence was found to be necessary for oxidative stress-mediated activation of yggX transcription. A yggX deletion strain was hypersensitive to the redox-cycling agent paraquat, and a plasmid expressing YggX complemented the sensitivity of the deletion strain. Under exposure to paraquat, the yggX deletion strain showed a deficiency in aconitase activity compared to the isogenic wild-type strain, while expression of YggX from a multicopy plasmid increased the aconitase levels above those of the wild-type strain. These results demonstrate the direct regulation of the yggX gene by the redox-sensing SoxRS system and provide further evidence for the involvement of yggX in protection of iron-sulfur proteins against oxidative damage.
Bicarbonate and fluid secretion evoked by cholecystokinin, bombesin and acetylcholine in isolated guinea‐pig pancreatic ducts

1 HCO3− secretion was investigated in interlobular duct segments isolated from guinea‐pig pancreas using a semi‐quantitative fluorometric method. Secretagogue‐induced decreases in intracellular pH, following blockade of basolateral HCO3− uptake with a combination of amiloride and DIDS, were measured using the pH‐sensitive fluoroprobe BCECF. Apparent secretory HCO3− fluxes were calculated from the initial rate of intracellular acidification. 2 In the presence of HCO3−, stimulation with secretin (10 nm) or forskolin (5 μm) more than doubled the rate of intracellular acidification. This effect was abolished in the absence of HCO3−. It was also abolished in the presence of HCO3− when DIDS and NPPB were applied to the luminal membrane by microperfusion. We therefore conclude that the increase in acidification rate is a useful index of secretagogue‐induced HCO3− secretion across the luminal membrane. 3 Secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin each stimulated HCO3− secretion in a dose‐dependent fashion. They evoked comparable maximal responses at about 10 nm and the EC50 values were 0.5 nm for secretin, 0.2 nm for CCK and 30 pm for bombesin. Acetylcholine (ACh) was also effective, with a maximum effect at 10 μm. 4 The stimulatory effect of CCK was blocked completely by the CCK1 receptor antagonist devazepide but not by the CCK2 receptor antagonist L365,260. The CCK analogue JMV‐180 (Boc‐Tyr(SO3H)‐Nle‐Gly‐Trp‐Nle‐Asp‐phenylethyl ester), which is an agonist of the high‐affinity CCK1 receptor but an antagonist of the low‐affinity receptor, also stimulated HCO3− secretion but with a smaller maximal effect than CCK. JMV‐180 partially inhibited the response to a high concentration of CCK but not to a lower concentration, suggesting that both high‐ and low‐affinity states of the CCK1 receptor evoke HCO3− secretion. 5 The stimulatory effect of bombesin was blocked completely by the gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antagonist d‐Phe6‐bombesin(6‐13)‐methyl ester (BME) but not by the neuromedin B (NMB) receptor antagonist d−Nal−cyclo[Cys−Tyr−d−Trp−Orn−Val−Cys]−Nal−NH2 (BIM−23127). 6 Secretagogue‐evoked fluid secretion was also examined using video microscopy to measure the rate of swelling of ducts whose ends had sealed during overnight culture. Secretin, CCK, bombesin and ACh all evoked fluid secretion with maximal rates of approximately 0.6 nl min−1 mm−2, and with concentration dependences similar to those obtained for HCO3− secretion. 7 We conclude that CCK, bombesin and ACh stimulate the secretion of a HCO3−‐rich fluid by direct actions on the interlobular ducts of the guinea‐pig pancreas and that these responses are mediated by CCK1 receptors, GRP receptors and muscarinic cholinoceptors, respectively.
Immunophenotypic characterization of human monocyte subsets: possible implications for cardiovascular disease pathophysiology

Summary. Objectives: Monocytes include several subsets with different and sometimes divergent roles in immunity, atherogenesis and reparative processes. Objectives: We aimed to perform detailed immunophenotypic and functional characterization of human monocyte subsets. Patients/methods: Analysis of surface markers of blood and bone marrow monocyte subsets and functional characterization of blood monocyte subsets in healthy volunteers was performed using flow cytometry. Results: In the present study, we show the presence of three subsets which could be unequivocally distinguished by surface expression of CD14, CD16 and CCR2 as CD14+CD16−CCR2+(Mon1), CD14+CD16+CCR2+(Mon2) and CD14lowCD16+CCR2−(Mon3) subsets. In comparison with the classic Mon1, the Mon2 subset had the highest expression of Tie2, CXCR4, CD163, CD115, receptors to inter‐cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the highest surface levels of apolipoprotein B and ferritin. In contrast, Mon3 had maximal expression of VCAM‐1 receptors and CD204. The Mon2 and Mon3 subsets had significantly lower activity of the NFκB pathway than Mon1. Mon1 and Mon2 had similar phagocytic activity, which was significantly higher compared with Mon3. All three subsets were present in bone marrow, although the relative proportion of Mon2 in bone marrow was about 2.5‐fold higher compared with that seen in blood. Significant differences in cytokine production in response to endotoxin stimulation were observed between the three monocyte subsets. Conclusion: Given their immunophenotypic similarity, the newly characterized Mon2 population may represent the previously reported pluripotent progenitor/pro‐angiogenic monocytes.
Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression.

BACKGROUND Investigations of the progression of atherosclerosis in human arteries suggest that changes in the thickness of the arterial intima-media complex, observable with B-mode ultrasonography, may precede development of atherosclerotic lesions. For epidemiological studies and clinical trials, B-mode ultrasound has the advantage that it is noninvasive, can be used in nonsymptomatic subjects, and can be carried out repeatedly, thus reducing the necessary sample size. In the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, we have assessed the reliability of B-mode ultrasound through studying intraobserver and interobserver variability. We have also investigated its predictive value by associating ultrasound observations with clinical end points, risk factors for common carotid and femoral atherosclerosis, and predictors of progression of common carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The study of B-mode ultrasound reliability was conducted in 10 middle-aged men, with initial and two repeat scannings. The between-observer coefficient of variation was 10.5% for the first assessments by four observers. The intraobserver variability, described as the mean of the absolute difference between the first and third observations, was 0.087 mm, or 8.3% of the mean intimal-medial thickness (IMT). Ultrasonographic assessment of 1,257 men was compared with diagnostic information obtained from a prospective registry for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The presence of any atherosclerotic findings was associated with a 3.0-fold risk of AMI. For each 0.1 mm of common carotid IMT, AMI risk increased by 11% (p < 0.001). Common carotid artery and femoral artery atherosclerosis, as assessed by mean maximal IMT, had different risk factor profiles. Age, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, platelet aggregability, serum copper, serum selenium (inversely), and blood hemoglobin were the strongest predictors of 2-year increase of common carotid IMT. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our experience and findings, the ultrasonographic assessment of common carotid atherosclerosis appears to be a feasible, reliable, valid, and cost-effective method for both population studies and clinical trials of atherosclerosis progression and regression.
Representing the Insincere: Strategically Robust Proportional Representation

Proportional representation (PR) is a fundamental principle of many democracies world-wide which employ PR-based voting rules to elect their representatives. The normative properties of these voting rules however, are often only understood in the context of sincere voting. In this paper we consider PR in the presence of strategic voters. We construct a voting rule such that for every preference profile there exists at least one costly voting equilibrium satisfying PR with respect to voters' private and unrevealed preferences - such a voting rule is said to be strategically robust. In contrast, a commonly applied voting rule is shown not be strategically robust. Furthermore, we prove a limit on `how strategically robust' a PR-based voting rule can be; we show that there is no PR-based voting rule which ensures that every equilibrium satisfies PR. Collectively, our results highlight the possibility and limit of achieving PR in the presence of strategic voters and a positive role for mechanisms, such as pre-election polls, which coordinate voter behaviour towards equilibria which satisfy PR.
Five-year incidence of angina pectoris and other forms of coronary heart disease in healthy men aged 50-59 in France and Northern Ireland: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) Study.

BACKGROUND The North-South gradient in myocardial infarction and coronary death rates in various western European regions has been described by the WHO MONICA Project over the last decade. The results of the 5-year follow-up of the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) Study reported here give the opportunity of extending the comparison to the incidence of angina pectoris in men aged 50-59 living in four regions (Belfast, Lille, Strasbourg, Toulouse) which were covered by the MONICA Project. METHODS The PRIME Study is a multicentre cohort study with a common protocol and centralized event analysis. It included 10 600 men, of whom 9758 (7359 in France and 2399 in Belfast) were free of coronary disease at entry with 842 (496 in France and 346 in Belfast) having pre-existing coronary disease. RESULTS In France, subjects free of coronary heart disease at baseline developed 106 cases of myocardial infarction or coronary death (2.93/1000 subjects per year) and 94 cases of angina pectoris (2.61/1000). In Belfast, 61 developed myocardial infarction or coronary death (5.24/1000) and 60 angina pectoris (5.39/1000). Hazard rate ratios for Belfast in comparison to France were respectively 1.79 (95% CI : 1.30-2.47) and 2.07 (1.49-2.86) for each class of clinical complication. CONCLUSION Rate ratios for angina pectoris incidence between Northern Ireland and France in the PRIME Study are comparable to those for myocardial infarction or coronary death reported by the WHO MONICA Project and suggest that the North-South gradient in Europe applies to different manifestations of coronary disease.
Neural Crest Cell Fate

The neural crest, the intriguing cell population that gives rise to a panoply of derivatives in the vertebrate embryo, including the mesenchymal structures in the head, melanocytes and most of the peripheral nervous system, still proves to be an important yet enigmatic developmental cell population to study with applications in stem cell biology, cancer biology and clinical medicine. Albeit our knowledge base is rich due to a strong history of experimentation, the fact that we have yet to decipher so many key aspects of neural crest cell (NCC) behavior speaks to the challenging complexity of this transient yet vital cell population. With the advent of new fluorescent tracing techniques, we have reexamined the migratory behaviors and ultimate fate of ventrally migrating avian NCCs within a late wave of emigration and identified a subpopulation of lineally restricted NCCs who migrate to the contralateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and therein give rise to mitotically active progenitor cells that ultimately produce the majority of the nociceptive sensory neurons in the DRG. These data provide evidence for the fate prespecification of subsets of NCCs while still resident in the neural tube.
Chloroplastic iron-sulfur scaffold protein NFU3 is essential to overall plant fitness

ABSTRACT A previous study showed that Nitrogen-Fixing-subunit-U-type protein NFU3 may act an iron-sulfur scaffold protein in the assembly and transfer of 4Fe-4S and 3Fe-4S clusters in the chloroplast. Examples of 4Fe-4S and 3Fe-4S-requiring proteins and complexes include Photosystem I (PSI), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, and ferredoxin-dependent glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferases. In this paper, the authors provided additional evidence for the role of NFU3 in 4Fe-4S and 3Fe-4S cluster assembly and transfer, as well as its role in overall plant fitness. Confocal microscopic analysis of the fluorescently-tagged NFU3 protein confirmed the chloroplast localization of the NFU3 protein. Detailed analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence data revealed that a substantial increase in minimal fluorescence is the primary contributor to the decrease in PSII maximum photochemical efficiency observed in the nfu3 mutants. The substantial increase in minimal fluorescence in the nfu3 mutants is probably the result of an impaired PSI function, blockage of electron flow from PSII to PSI, and over-accumulation of reduced plastoquinone at the acceptor side of PSII. Analyses of seed morphology and germination showed that NFU3 is essential to seed development and germination, in addition to plant growth, development, and flowering. In summary, NFU3 has wide-ranging effects on many biologic processes and is therefore important to overall plant fitness. NFU3 may exert these effects by modulating the availability of 4Fe-4S and 3Fe-4S clusters to 4Fe-4S and 3Fe-4S-requiring proteins and complexes involved in various biologic processes.
An analytical geometrical model for quasi onedimensional graphene nanomaterials

We construct an analytical geometrical model for quasi one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanomaterials. The general carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) model is characterized by a Archimedes spiral line with two construction parameters, the interlayer distance t and the inner radius. Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are included in the model for two special cases. A set of analytical expressions are derived for all the coordinates of carbon atoms in a supercell under a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate system. This general geometrical model can be further used to first-principles calculations and simulations of material properties.
Age‐related pseudocapillarization of the human liver

Age‐related changes in liver function are important because they may promote susceptibility to adverse drug reactions, neurotoxicity, atherosclerosis, and other important diseases in older people. Age‐related changes in the rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, termed pseudocapillarization, have been described recently and these may contribute to hepatic impairment. The present study has examined surgical and post‐mortem specimens with immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy to determine whether pseudocapillarization also occurs in older humans. The age of the subject, independent of systemic disease or hepatic pathology in surgical and post‐mortem samples of human liver, was associated with increased peri‐sinusoidal expression of von Willebrand's factor, collagen I, collagen IV, and staining with Masson's trichrome. Electron microscopy revealed significant age‐related thickening of the sinusoidal endothelium (young 165 ± 17 nm, middle age 222 ± 11 nm, older 289 ± 9 nm, p < 0.001) with loss of fenestrations (young 7.7 ± 0.7 per 10 µm, middle age 3.6 ± 0.5 per 10 µm, older 1.5 ± 0.4 per 10 µm, p < 0.001), and age‐related deposition of basal lamina and collagen. In conclusion, ageing in humans is associated with morphological changes in the sinusoidal endothelium and space of Disse which are presumptively related to the ageing process and potentially represent an important link between the ageing process and disease susceptibility. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INTERPERSONAL WELL-BEING AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG MALE PARTNERS OF WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER

The focus of this investigation was on the mental health of men whose partners had recently been diagnosed with breast cancer. In accord with theoretical models that specify the importance of interpersonal relationships in maintaining mental health, men's relationship satisfaction and perceptions of social support were predicted to be positively associated with their mental health during this stressful time. The sample included 63 male partners of women with breast cancer who participated in a three-wave panel study that assessed various indicators of mental health and interpersonal well being at T1, T1 + 6 weeks, and T1 + 10 weeks. Results indicated substantial distress in at least 25% of the men. However this distress subsided over time. Relationship satisfaction was both concurrently and prospectively associated with better mental health. Social support was negatively associated with concurrent mental health but post hoc analyses suggested that men's social networks perhaps provide greater social support to the extent that the men are emotionally distressed.