Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test of Embedded Content Addressable Memories

Delay faults in content addressable memories (CAMs) is a major concern in many applications such as network routers, IP filters, longest prefix matching (LPM) search engines and cache tags where high speed data search is significant. It creates the need for analysis of critical paths and detecting associated faults using minimum number of test patterns. This paper proposes a test method to detect different faults of CAM systems using a newly proposed enhanced power-performance (EPP) cell structure. The proposed CAM faults test (CFT) algorithm is using minimum number of operations such as 5m+2n+4. It covers pseudo CMOS logic faults and cell coupling faults of both search and storage circuitries of CAM cells with improved fault coverage.
Distributed Work

From the Publisher: Technological advances and changes in the global economy are increasing the geographic distribution of work in industries as diverse as banking, wine production, and clothing design. Many workers communicate regularly with distant coworkers; some monitor and manipulate tools and objects at a distance. Work teams are spread across different cities or countries. Joint ventures and multiorganizational projects entail work in many locations. Two famous examples--the Hudson Bay Company's seventeenth-century fur trading empire and the electronic community that created the original Linux computer operating system--suggest that distributed work arrangements can be flexible, innovative, and highly successful. At the same time, distributed work complicates workers' professional and personal lives. Distributed work alters how people communicate and how they organize themselves and their work, and it changes the nature of employee-employer relationships. This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of distributed work groups and organizations, the challenges inherent in distributed work, and ways to make distributed work more effective. Specific topics include division of labor, incentives, managing group members, facilitating interaction among distant workers, and monitoring performance. The final chapters focus on distributed work in one domain, collaborative scientific research. The contributors include psychologists, cognitive scientists, sociologists, anthropologists, historians, economists, and computer scientists.
The use of GST-μ Gene and Isoenzymes as Biomarkers to Evaluate the Mutagenicity and Hepatic Carcinogenicity in the Mouse by Carmoisine ‘ E 122 ’

1 Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding Author E-mail: mohesmael@hotmail.com In the past few years there has been a sharp rise in the use of food and beverages colourants to improve their characteristics. More worryingly is the commonly used colourant in most pharmaceutical syrups and coating of pills and capsules, particularly in children medicines. So, the present work was planned to study the effects of carmoisine as a common synthetic fooddrug colorant in Egypt on the liver of the male mouse. The work plan was designed to cover four parameters: Morphological or external symptoms, protein expression and seven isozymes changes that might appear on the carmoisine-treated animals. Besides, molecular studies involving two main aspects: firstly, application of restriction endonuclease (RE) digestion (SmaΙ, XbaΙ, HindIII) on genomic DNA of mice liver in both treated and control groups. Secondly, PCR analysis to investigate the capability of carmoisine to induce mutations in GST-μ gene in treated groups comparable to control ones. According to FAO/WHO, the mice were given the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) dose of carmoisine (0.02mg/kg b.wt). This dose was also given in half and double fashions for 45 and 90 days for each. The results revealed that the carmoisine caused many morphological symptoms reflected mainly by agitation and a marked loss of their body weights in a significant decrease (p<0.05). The protein banding patterns in the liver carmoisine-treated mice exhibited distinct collapses when analyzed by native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The study also detected several changes in the profiles of the seven isozymes analysis for all treated groups. The RE detected liver DNA alterations. However, the GST-μ gene was not affected by this treatment, whereas the band at ~160 bp was found in entirely treated and control groups. Such phenomenon reflected the absence influences of carmoisine as a carcinogenic agent as dosages and periods used in this study on male mice, so further sequencing investigation is required for the evaluation of the safety of that E122.
Nuevas formas de empleo: del empleo atípico a las plataformas digitales

espanolEn este articulo se hace una revision de las nuevas formas de empleo, entendiendo como tales las relaciones laborales que no son indefinidas ni a tiempo completo. Se muestra que la expansion de esas nue - vas formas de empleo no fue creada por el cambio tecnico, pero si que la ha impulsado favoreciendo una nueva division del trabajo generando microtareas que se subcontratan en plataformas digitales. Se revisa el volumen de empleo a traves de plataformas y los principales problemas de relaciones laborales que estan surgiendo, sobre todo la expansion de la figura de los autonomos dependientes. Tambien se discuten las implicaciones en terminos de la proteccion social y la necesidad de homogeneizar el aseguramiento social de los riesgos laborales y vitales. EnglishIn this article, we review the growth of new forms of employment, which are the employment relations not under an openended or full-time basis. Technical change has not created the growth of new forms of employment but has driven its expansion through the outsourcing of microtasks in digital platforms. We also review the level of employment related to platforms and new labour conflicts, mainly the surge of dependent self-employment. Finally, we discuss the implications for social protection and the new standards for social security.
Transcriptional and Metabolic Responses of Bacillus subtilis to the Availability of Organic Acids: Transcription Regulation Is Important but Not Sufficient To Account for Metabolic Adaptation

ABSTRACT The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis can use sugars or organic acids as sources of carbon and energy. These nutrients are metabolized by glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the Krebs citric acid cycle. While the response of B. subtilis to the availability of sugars is well understood, much less is known about the changes in metabolism if organic acids feeding into the Krebs cycle are provided. If B. subtilis is supplied with succinate and glutamate in addition to glucose, the cells readjust their metabolism as determined by transcriptome and metabolic flux analyses. The portion of glucose-6-phosphate that feeds into the pentose phosphate pathway is significantly increased in the presence of organic acids. Similarly, important changes were detected at the level of pyruvate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). In the presence of organic acids, oxaloacetate formation is strongly reduced, whereas the formation of lactate is significantly increased. The alsSD operon required for acetoin formation is strongly induced in the presence of organic acids; however, no acetoin formation was observed. The recently discovered phosphorylation of acetolactate decarboxylase may provide an additional level of control of metabolism. In the presence of organic acids, both types of analyses suggest that acetyl-CoA was catabolized to acetate rather than used for feeding the Krebs cycle. Our results suggest that future work has to concentrate on the posttranslational mechanisms of metabolic regulation.
Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Sulfide Toxicity

Rationale. The toxicity of H2S has been attributed to its ability to inhibit cytochrome c oxidase in a similar manner to HCN. However, the successful use of methemoglobin for the treatment of HCN poisoning was not successful for H2S poisonings even though the ferric heme group of methemoglobin scavenges H2S. Thus, we speculated that other mechanisms contribute to H2S induced cytotoxicity. Experimental procedure. Hepatocyte isolation and viability and enzyme activities were measured as described by , and . Results. Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with NaHS solutions (a H2S source) resulted in glutathione (GSH) depletion. Moreover, GSH depletion was also observed in TRIS-HCl buffer (pH 6.0) treated with NaHS. Several ferric chelators (desferoxamime and DETAPAC) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase) prevented cell-free and hepatocyte GSH depletion. GSH-depleted hepatocytes were very susceptible to NaHS cytotoxicity, indicating that GSH detoxified NaHS or H2S in cells. Cytotoxicity was also partly prevented by desferoxamine and DETAPC, but it was increased by ferric EDTA or EDTA. Cell-free oxygen consumption experiments in TRIS-HCl buffer showed that NaHS autoxidation formed hydrogen peroxide and was prevented by DETAPC but increased by EDTA. We hypothesize that H2S can reduce intracellular bound ferric iron to form unbound ferrous iron, which activates iron. Additionally, H2S can increase the hepatocyte formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (known to occur with electron transport chain). H2S cytotoxicity therefore also involves a reactive sulfur species, which depletes GSH and activates oxygen to form ROS.
The LT system in experimental animals. II. Physical and immunologic characteristics of molecules with LT activity rapidly released by murine lymphoid cells activated on lectin-coated allogeneic monolayers in vitro.

The present studies investigate the physicochemical and immunologic properties of cell-lytic molecules released in vitro by nonadherent C57/BL/6 splenocytes or nylon wool-enriched T cell populations activated on monolayers of PHA coated L-929 cells. The findings reveal cell-lytic molecules released by these lymphoid cells are physically heterogeneous. These molecules can be separated by gel filtration into similar m.w. classes previously observed for human LT molecules. Three major classes, termed complex (Cx) (>200,000 d), α heavy (α H ) (110 to 140,000 d)α light (α L ) (60 to 90,000 d), and two minor classes, β, at 40 to 50,000 d and γ at 10 to 20,000 d were observed. Chromatography of supernatants in high ionic strength buffers dissociates Cx and α H to the smaller m.w. α L form. This evidence suggests that Cx and α H MW classes are physically related to the smaller m.w. α L class. Fractionation of the α H m.w. LT class by DEAE or PAGE resolved these molecules into additional distinct subclasses. Antisera were made against fresh serum-free whole supernatants (anti-WS) or rechromatographed Ultrogel fractions containing α H molecules (anti-α H ). Anti-α H and anti-WS react with all m.w. classes of murine LT molecules, indicating these various forms are immunologically related. These antisera do not react with LT molecules obtained from several other animal species or with “nonspecific” intracellular toxins, e.g., lysozomal enzymes, present in normal PMN or phagocytic cells. These data indicate that materials with cell-lytic activity present in these culture supernatants are LT molecules, because: a) certain m.w. forms observed are similar to those reported previously, and b) these various m.w. forms are all physically and immunologically interrelated. These studies also indicate that murine LT molecules like human LT molecules are heterogeneous, but appear to comprise a system of subunits, in which the large m.w. form may dissociate into the smaller m.w. forms.
Venlafaxine and Bupropion Combination Therapy in a Case of Treatment-Resistant Depression

OBJECTIVE: To report the therapeutic efficacy of venlafaxine and bupropion in a patient with treatment-refractory major depression. CASE SUMMARY: A 21-year-old white woman with chronic and recurrent major depression presented with lack of response to several antidepressants. On examination, the patient exhibited neurovegetative signs of depression, guilt feelings, and suicidal ideation. The patient was administered venlafaxine 75 mg three times daily. The dose was titrated to 150 mg three times daily over the next month. Later bupropion was instituted up to 100 mg three times daily over a four-month period. The patient responded favorably to combination therapy and has remained free of depression for approximately 23 months. DISCUSSION: Venlafaxine and bupropion are antidepressant agents with unique pharmacologic profiles, each effective in the treatment of depression. Recent data indicate that combinations of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and bupropion can convert partial response to full response in patients with treatment-resistant depression. We considered whether a combination of venlafaxine and bupropion would reduce the depressive symptoms of a patient who was unresponsive to various classes of psychotropic agents. Gradual administration of venlafaxine and bupropion acted synergistically to significantly reduce depressive symptoms (p < 0.002) and significantly increase social function (p < 0.002) over a period of eight months. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first report of successful combination therapy with venlafaxine and bupropion in treatment of chronic recurrent and refractory major depression.
Overview of ACM international workshop on connected multimedia

Following the very first international workshop on connected multimedia held in Hangzhou, China, in October of 2009 jointly sponsored by US National Science Foundation and Zhejiang University of China, this is the very first ACM International Workshop on Connected Multimedia in conjunction with ACM International Conference on Multimedia held in Florence, Italy, in October of 2010. In this workshop overview, we first define what we mean by connected multimedia, and then briefly overview the program of this workshop.
Impact of the content on subjective evaluation of audiovisual quality: What dimensions influence our perception?

Several studies have shown a test material dependency on perceived quality. Consequently, methods for evaluating AV quality should take account of influence of contents corpus (regarding influence of audio, video and relationship between audio and video) to avoid uncontrolled effects. In this paper, technical, semantic and hedonic dimensions (including different descriptors) were used to characterize a corpus of AV contents. Results have shown significant effects of modality, dynamic and interest descriptors on the viewer AV quality perception. It also seems that verbal sequences and diegesis interact with asynchrony perception. As a result, these descriptors should be considered when selecting test sequences.
Sonication of Explanted Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices for the Diagnosis of Pocket Infections and Asymptomatic Bacterial Colonization

Background: Correct diagnosis of the causative organism is critical for the treatment of pacemaker and defibrillator pocket infections. No gold standard for this exists, although swab and tissue cultures are frequently used. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of ultrasonication of explanted generators in the diagnosis of pocket infections and asymptomatic bacterial colonization.
Comparative mapping in equids: the asine X chromosome is rearranged compared to horse and Hartmann’s mountain zebra

The X chromosomes of the extant equids, in general, share morphology and banding pattern similarities. However, the donkey X is, in part, an exception because of significantly different centromeric index and variant banding patterns in the pericentromeric region. To verify the underlying molecular basis of this difference, twelve equine BAC clones were FISH mapped to donkey (EAS) and Hartmann’s mountain zebra (EZH) metaphase spreads. Loci from the terminal region of Xp and distal to terminal regions of the Xq showed the same order and relative position in all three species, implying cross-species conservation of these chromosomal segments. However, loci from the proximal/pericentromeric regions of either arms showed similar FISH locations in horse and zebra but a slightly deviant location and relative position in the donkey. Three of the markers (tel–OTC, TRAP170 and psALDH2– cen) located on the short arm of ECAX and EZHX were found inverted on the long arm of EASX, along with the transposition of the centromere. This molecular evidence of a pericentromeric inversion helps define the likely evolutionary breakpoints causing the rearrangement. The breakpoints most likely correspond to the region between Xp16→q12 in the horse and Xp12→q13 in the donkey. The findings coupled with the highly conserved X-chromosome gene order between horse and outgroup species, human and cat, suggest that the equine type X is ancestral while the asine type X arose as a result of an independent inversion event. The study adds two new markers to horse, 11 to donkey and 12 to Hartmann’s zebra gene maps, thus contributing to the expansion of comparative maps in the equids.
Evaluation on a keystroke authentication system by keying force incorporated with temporal characteristics of keystroke dynamics

This paper presents the study to develop and evaluate techniques to authenticate valid users, using the keystroke dynamics of a user's PIN number entry on a numerical keypad, with force sensing resistors. Added with two conventional parameter lists of elements, i.e. digraph latency times and key hold times, keying force was chosen as a third element. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment was to evaluate whether the three types of elements derived from keystrokes have a significant effect for subjects and to examine how trials and session effects generated the variation of the three elements. The second experiment was to demonstrate the system performance by calculating the False Rejection Rate (FRR) and the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of the system. In the second experiment, a total of 20 keystrokes were recorded from each subject one week after the memorizing session, in order to evaluate the FRR of the system. To evaluate the FAR of the system, the subjects pretended to be impostors, and therefore they repeatedly watched videotaped pass trials made by a valid user as many times as they desired, and tried to imitate the keystroke dynamics of the valid users. The subject's keystrokes were then evaluated on whether they could fool the system. The first experiment, ANOVA revealed that a significant effect of subject was found on each of all three elements. Trial was not significantly affected to digraph latency times and peak force; however, it was significantly affected to key hold times. There was a trend that keystroke dynamics characterized by each element showed reformation of their patterns and reached a steady state over the 10 weeks of experimental sessions. The results of the second experiment showed the average equal error rate to be 2.4%. The results of system performance were compared with those of other studies and concluded that it was difficult to obtain enough information to behave as a perfect impostor by monitoring the videotaped keystrokes.
GRANULAR CELL TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

This paper describes two cases of granular cell tumor, the first such tumors believed to have arisen in the central nervous system with the exception of those in the neurohypophysis. The tumor in one case arose in the cervical spinal leptomeninges and in the other was located in a cerebral hemisphere. The light and electron microscopic characteristics were indistinguishable from granular cell tumors (myoblastomas) reported in other body sites. Ultrastructurally two cell types could be distinguished. The predominant form (Type II) was characterized by abundant cytoplasm filled with dense bodies, multivesicular bodies and vacuoles. A second smaller cell (Type I) contained few of the above organelles. It is considered likely that these cell types are evolutionary stages of a single kind of a cell in which Type I is transformed into Type II. Various cells, including Schwann cells, have been proposed as giving rise to granular cell tumors. The occurrence of these neoplasms in the central nervous system lessens the likelihood of a Schwannian source in all instances. An origin from Schwann cells of perivascular nerves cannot be excluded. The possibility remains that neoplasms designated as granular cell tumors may have more than one cell of origin.
CSR in Indonesia: Company's Perception, Implementation and Its Impact on Company's Performance

This paper intends to describe current issues of CSR in Indonesia. First, this research drew a picture on how business community Indonesia perceived CSR, followed by an analysis on how was that CSR has been actually implemented in the last two year of 2014 and 2015. Finally this research explained whether CSR implementation influenced company`s performances, in terms of traditional financial and non financial performance. both in 2014 and 2015. Using ISO 26000 (guidance on social responsibility) standard in order to determine CSR index as measurement of CSR implementation in 200 top Indonesian listed companies for the year 2014 and 2015, the CSR implementation data was then paired with the company’s performance data in order to find the relationship between CSR implementation and company’s performance. Result indicated that (i) the understanding of majority of CSR managers in Indonesian listed companies regarding CSR was still limited to donation and community development activities; (ii) there was only little improvement of CSR implementation for the last two year; and (iii) CSR implementation had positive and significant impact on company’s financial performance, measured both by ROE and ROA; there was a change of the impact of CSR to customer, from no influence in 2014 to become positively influenced the customer in 2015; and there was no significant influence of CSR implementation on employee both in 2014 and 2015.
Users engagement success factors in information systems development

Business organisations need to implement information systems (IS) mainly for keeping track of and managing its business activities, from planning to product delivery. In the last four decades, the information systems recorded low rates of success. Many IS projects, especially in the public sector, fail as a result of poor user engagement in the information systems development process. Engaging user in any information systems development process is claimed to contribute to the success of IS projects. Some studies have indicated that two factors which are user participation and user involvement can lead to successful user engagement in the information systems development. However, there is still no common understanding for measuring and validating the effect of these two factors. This paper discusses the importance of these two factors as the critical success factors for engaging users in the information systems development. The importance of these two factors was determined through the content review technique and mapping activity of eleven sub-factors identified from the literature. A-priori model for user engagement success will be presented at the end of this paper.