Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indicators of cell breakdown in plasma of men during and after a marathon race.

Plasma indicators of muscle cell leakage and of hemolysis were studied in 23 runners before and after a marathon race. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein the morning before the race (baseline), at 3 p.m. , i.e., 2 h before the start, on arrival, 12 and 36 h, and 7 days later. Compared with the baseline values, the plasma creatinine phosphokinase MM and MB subfractions, aldolase and glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase activity were increased immediately after the race, rose further 12 h after the marathon, and remained elevated the race, rose further 12 h after the marathon, and remained elevated 36 h and 7 days later. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity and myoglobin concentration were increased on arrival and returned to the pre-race activity 7 days after the marathon. Compared with the pre-race values, the plasma haptoglobin concentration was decreased immediately and 12 h after the marathon. Our data show that indicators of muscle cell leakage and of hemolysis in plasma, withdrawn after a marathon race, remained elevated for up to 7 days after the race.
Heat Exchanger Network ( HENET ) : A parallel GA / SA algorithm

Heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis has been a well-studied subject over the latest decades. Many studies and methodologies were proposed to make possible the energy recovery. Based on simulated annealing and genetic algorithm, this paper presents an efficient simultaneous synthesis method that provides the optimal networks in a twolevel procedure. Genetic algorithm is used by an evolutionary algorithm to manage HEN topology and simulated annealing is used to manage heat load distribution among exchangers. This two-level method is applied to solve one benchmark that includes 28 instances with different dimensions, from 3 to 39 streams. For every instance, this benchmark includes the best result obtained with a state-of-the-art algorithm from the literature, which has been useful in this work to compare our proposed hybrid algorithm with the best existing approaches. The results of this study show that, in some situations, the hybrid approach is able to derive networks that are more economical than those from the known solutions in the literature.
A clustering ensemble learning method based on the ant colony clustering algorithm

Ensemble-based learning is a successful approach for robust partitioning. Since the ensemble classifiers cover each other fault, classification is a critical task. Clustering ensemble based learning can also be done using fusion of some primary partitions which derive from naturally different sources. In this study, a novel clustering ensemble learning method inspired from the ant colony clustering algorithm is proposed. Since ensemble methods necessarily rely on diversity, swarm intelligence algorithms, such as ant colony, are can be good options to be applied. Executing this algorithm for several times on a dataset, result in various partitions. Then, a simple partitioning algorithm is exercised to aggregate them into a consensus partitioning. The proposed clustering approach lets the parameters be free to be manipulated, and thanks to the ensemble, non-optimality of the parameters is covered. Experimental results on several real datasets illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method to generate the final partitioning.
Evidence of iatrogenic HIV transmission in children in South Africa

There is mounting evidence that rapid HIV transmission is fuelled by parenteral exposures in health care settings especially medical injections but also including transfusion of untested blood and others. Not only are injections popular among African patients administered at an estimated 90% of medical visits but also often unnecessary and injection equipment is often reused without sterilisation. Investigation of iatrogenic outbreaks in Russia Romania and Libya has demonstrated both that medical injections are efficient vectors for HIV transmission and that rigorous application of safe injection procedures can virtually eliminate transmission. (excerpt)
Pharmacophore mapping and in silico screening to identify new potent leads for A2A adenosine receptor as antagonists

A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease. A 3D-QSAR study of A2A AR antagonists, was taken up to design best pharmacophore model. The pharmacophoric features (ADHRR) containing a hydrogen bond acceptor (A), a hydrogen bond donor (D), a hydrophobic group (H) and two aromatic rings (R), is projected as the best predictive pharmacophore model. The QSAR model was further treated as a template for in silico search of databases to identify new scaffolds. The binding patterns of the leads with A2A AR are analysed using docking studies and novel potent ligands of A2A AR are projected.
Adrenergic Support in Septic Shock: A Critical Review

Abstract The definition of septic shock includes sepsis-induced hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation, along with the presence of organ perfusion abnormalities, and ultimately cell dysfunction. To restore adequate organ perfusion and cell homeostasis, cardiac output should be restored with volume infusion plus vasopressor agents as indicated. Appropriate arterial pressure for each individual patient and proper arterial oxygen content are key elements to restoring perfusion. Tissue perfusion can be monitored by markers of organ and mitochondrial function, namely urine output, level of consciousness, peripheral skin perfusion, central or mixed venous oxygen saturation, and lactate. The hemodynamic effects of the different vasopressor agents depend on the relative affinity to adrenergic receptors. Those with predominant α-agonist activity produce more vasoconstriction (inoconstrictors) while those with predominant β-agonist stimulation increase cardiac performance (inodilators). The debate about whether one vasopressor agent is superior to another is still ongoing. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines refer to either norepinephrine or dopamine as the first-choice vasopressor agent to correct hypotension in septic shock. However, recent data from observational and controlled trials have challenged these recommendations concerning different adrenergic agents. As a result, our view on the prescription of vasopressors has changed from a probably oversimplified “one-size-fits-all” approach to a multimodal approach in vasopressor selection.
Cognitive flexibility in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE Clinicians and researchers debate whether children with chronic, nonepisodic irritability should receive the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD). To address this debate, we evaluated cognitive flexibility, or the ability to adapt to changing contingencies, in three groups of children: narrow-phenotype BD (NP-BD; full-duration manic episodes of elevated/expansive mood; N = 50; 13.1 +/- 2.9 years), severe mood dysregulation (SMD; chronic, nonepisodic irritability; N = 44; 12.2 +/- 2.1 years), and healthy controls (N = 43; 13.6 +/- 2.4 years). Cognitive flexibility is relevant to symptoms of BD involving dysfunctional reward systems (e.g., excessive goal-directed activity and pleasure-seeking in mania; anhedonia in depression). METHOD We studied simple and compound reversal stages of the intra-/extradimensional shift task and change task that involves inhibiting a prepotent response and substituting a novel response. RESULTS On the simple reversal, NP-BD youths were significantly more impaired than both the SMD group and controls. On the compound reversal, NP-BD and SMD youths performed worse than controls. On the change task, NP-BD youths were slower to adapt than SMD subjects. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic differences in cognitive flexibility may reflect different brain/behavior mechanisms in these two patient populations.
Know thy unknowns: why we need to widen our view on endocrine disruptors

Since 2009 the European Commission (EC) is seeking a legal definition of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These compounds ‘interfere with any aspect of hormone action’, and by doing so can adversely affect physiology and development and thus increase the risk of metabolic and reproductive disorders as well as hormone-sensitive carcinogenesis and impaired neurodevelopment.1 Accordingly, EDCs put a considerable burden on public health and public healthcare. In the European Union, they have been attributed to healthcare costs of €160 billion annually.2 The quality of an EDC definition has profound consequences for the regulation of economically important chemicals such as pesticides. An inclusive definition putting weight on a low burden of scientific proof will ultimately benefit public health and spark the innovation of ‘safe’ chemicals, some say. An exclusive definition requiring strong scientific evidence to pin EDCs down is preferred by others to minimise economic damage. After the process of defining what an EDC is has been substantially delayed by corporate lobbyism, scientists writing open letters and lawsuits by member states, the EC has in June 2016 decided in favour of the latter. Amid a discourse driven by strategic rather than scientific deliberations, the main challenge of the EDC issue concerns complexity and thus remains at the centre of science. Out of the universe of chemicals, an unknown number of compounds have endocrine disrupting properties. Humans and wildlife are exposed to these chemicals via multiple routes from diverse sources. The dose and timing of exposure is dynamic and results in changing mixtures being subjected to multiple toxicokinetic and inducing multiple toxicodynamic processes eventually resulting in disease (sometimes decades after exposure). Co-exposure to other environmental stressors as well as interindividual differences add to the complexity. While we have made considerable progress in understanding the complex interactions of EDC exposures, the environment …
Verbal Fluency Task Affects Gait in Parkinson's Disease with Motor Freezing

We examined the effects of a simultaneous verbal fluency task on walking in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (PD-F) compared to nonfreezing patients (PD-NF) or control subjects (C). Effects of antiparkinsonian medications on gait in PD-F were examined. PD-F patients exhibited a greater increase in the number of steps to complete the walk with verbal fluency, even when the effect of medication was taken into account (mean increase ± SD): PD-F = 4.2 ± 4.6, n = 10; PD-NF = 0.1 ± 1.6, n = 9; C = 1.5 ± 1.5, n = 19; P = . 007. Medications improved walking in PD-F patients by decreasing the number of steps, the time to walk, and freezing. PD-F patients may be more dependent on attention for walking.
Cardiac rhythm disturbances among children with idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

The objective of this study was to determine whether subjects with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) had an increased frequency of cardiac arrhythmias and decreased heart rate variability when compared to subjects without a known deficit in control of breathing, and that these abnormalities would be exaggerated by anesthesia. Continuous ambulatory Holter recordings were obtained in patients with CCHS and compared to two otherwise healthy control groups without a deficit in control of breathing: one with an intact airway (n = 11) and a second group with a tracheostomy (n = 6). Holter recordings were obtained before, during (under general anesthesia), and after bronchoscopy. Fourteen children with CCHS (age: 9.3 ± 4.4 years mean ± S.D.) were studied, and 7 underwent bronchoscopy. Seventeen control children were studied (age 6.6 ± 3.6 years): 11 without a tracheostomy, and 6 with a tracheostomy who also underwent bronchoscopy.
Epidermal growth factor—induced activation of the insulin‐like growth factor I receptor in rat hepatocytes

Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) plays a critical role in the induction of cell cycle progression and survival in many cell types. However, there is minimal IGF‐I binding to hepatocytes, and a role for IGF‐I in hepatocyte signaling has not been elucidated. The dynamics of IGF‐I receptor (IGF‐IR) activation were examined in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. IGF‐I did not activate the IGF‐IR. However, des(1–3)IGF‐I, which weakly binds IGF binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3), induced IGF‐IR phosphorylation. IGFBP‐3 surface coating was identified by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. In contrast with the inactivity of IGF‐I, epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF‐IR in parallel with EGF receptor phosphorylation. Transactivation of the IGF‐IR by EGF was inhibited by tyrphostin I‐Ome‐AG538, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high specificity for the IGF‐IR. Src kinase inhibitors pyrazolopyrimidine PP‐1 and PP‐2 inhibited transactivation of the IGF‐IR by EGF. EGF stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of Src, and induced its association with the IGF‐IR. EGF‐induced phosphorylations of insulinrelated substrate (IRS)‐1, IRS‐2, Akt, and p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were inhibited variably by I‐Ome‐AG538. In conclusion, the data show an EGF‐ and Src‐mediated transactivation pathway for IGF‐IR activation in hepatocytes, and indicate a role for the IGF‐IR in hepatocyte intracellular signaling. The findings also show a role for IGFBP‐3 in the inhibition of IGF‐I signaling in hepatocytes. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1509–1518).
A Novel Approach on RCDA with Deffie Hellman in Wireless Sensor Networks

: Recently, several data aggregation schemes based on privacy homomorphism encryption have been proposed and investigated on wireless sensor networks. These data aggregation schemes provide better security compared with traditional aggregation since cluster heads (aggregator) can directly aggregate the cipher texts without decryption; consequently, transmission overhead is reduced. However, the base station only retrieves the aggregated result, not individual data, which causes two problems. First, the usage of aggregation functions is constrained. Second, the base station cannot confirm data integrity and authenticity via attaching message digests or signatures to each sensing sample. This paper attempted to overcome the above two drawbacks. In this proposed design, the base station can recover all sensing data even these data has been aggregated. This property is called “recoverable. ” Furthermore, the design has been generalized and adopted on both homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. The proposed work uses the elliptic curve Deffie-Hellman key exchange with RSA for file encryption and decryption and the signature was generated using message digest method namely Digital signature Algorithm. The proposed work was implemented using . Net. Experiment results demonstrate that the transmission overhead is still reduced even if this approach is recoverable on sensing data.
Adolescents' self-reported suicide attempts, self-harm thoughts and their correlates across 17 European countries.

BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents in Europe. Self-harm thoughts and behaviours are documented precursors of completed suicide. It is therefore of great importance to investigate the prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts and their correlates, with the aim of preventing this major life-threatening public health problem. This study provides cross-national European data on self-reported suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescents. METHODS Data were obtained from 45,806 high school students aged 15-16 years from 17 countries that participated in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) 2007 school survey. The standardised methods of the ESPAD survey ensure comparability across countries. Students completed an anonymous questionnaire in their classrooms. The prevalences of suicidal thoughts and attempts are reported as well as their sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates identified in logistic regression. RESULTS The median prevalence of any lifetime self-reported suicide attempt was 10.5% across the participating countries (range 4.1%-23.5%). The median of frequent self-harm thoughts (at least five times) was 7.4% (range 2.1%-15.3%). Suicidal behaviour and thoughts had significant associations with gender, substance use, family integrity and socioeconomic status. Countries with higher prevalence of substance use tended to have a weaker association between substance use and self-reported suicide attempts. CONCLUSION Although self-reported self-harm thoughts and suicide attempts vary in prevalence within Europe, there are common correlates across countries. These have an important impact on understanding the phenomenon of suicide among young people and in guiding prevention.
Home telehealth for diabetes management: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Aim: It is estimated that more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes. Health‐care providers can remotely deliver health services to this patient population using information and communication technology, also known as home telehealth. Home telehealth may be classified into two subtypes: home telemonitoring (HTM) and telephone support (TS). The research objective was to systematically review the literature and perform meta‐analyses to assess the potential benefits of home telehealth compared with usual care (UC) for patients with diabetes.
GRID INTEGRATION OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WIND ENERGY USING MATRIX CONVERTER 1 Mr

The Renewable energy sources, which have been expected to be a promising alternative energy source, can bring new challenges when it is connected to the power grid. However, the generated power from renewable energy source is always fluctuating due to environmental condition. In the same way Wind power injection into an electric grid affects the power quality due to the fluctuation nature of the wind and the comparatively new types of its generators. This paper introduces, on one hand, a Multilevel matrix converter system as an alternative to the conventional AC–AC converter configuration for the WECS and the optimized doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), the Multilevel Matrix converter and the fly wheel energy storage system (FESS). Keywords—Power Quality, Wind Generating System(WGS), Two-level converter ,multi level converter, BESS,
A fully FPGA-based real-time simulator for the cascaded STATCOM

A real-time simulation for the Cascaded STATCOM fully implemented on field-programmable-gate-arrays (FPGA) is proposed in this paper. The switching-function model for the STATCOM is employed, where the IGBTs and diodes are taken as ideal switches, to reduce the amount of calculation. With the help of external circuit calculation, the operation in dead-time period is taken into consideration, which makes all of the operation modes covered. To eliminate the reverse current of diode in discretized simulation, a simple measure and approximation is taken by setting the negative calculated current zero. Full parallelism and deep pipelining are employed in FPGA implementation to minimize the latency. To make a full comparison, a Simulink-based STATCOM model and a 30A 380V scale-down STATCOM prototype were built respectively. The simulation and experiment show that the results from real-time simulator match those from Simulink model and the prototype pretty well, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed real-time simulator for the Cascaded STATCOM.
The regulation of gastric acid secretion – clinical perspectives

The purpose of this review, based upon 40 years of research, is to clear old controversies. The gastric juice is a strong acid with active enzymes (pepsin and lipase); ideal for killing swallowed microorganisms. Totally isolated rat stomach and histamine determination. Human gastric carcinomas were examined for ECL cell differentiation because tumours found in rodents after dosing with inhibitors of acid secretion were reclassified to be of ECL cell origin. The gastrin receptor is localized to the ECL cell only, where gastrin stimulates the function and growth. Drug‐induced hypo‐acidity induces hypergastrinaemia and ECL cell hyperplasia responsible for rebound acid hypersecretion. Every condition with long‐term hypergastrinaemia disposes to ECL cell neoplasia. In man, both atrophic gastritis and gastrinoma lead to ECL cell carcinoids. Proton pump inhibitors induce hypergastrinaemia with ECL cell hyperplasia and ECL cell carcinoids that disappear when stopping treatment. The gastrin antagonist netazepide induces regression of ECL cell carcinoids due to atrophic gastritis. Human gastric carcinomas of diffuse type, particularly the signet‐ring subtype, show ECL cell differentiation, suggesting involvement of gastrin in the carcinogenesis. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) causes gastritis and peptic ulcer, and when infecting the antrum only gives a slight hypergastrinaemia with acid hypersecretion predisposing to duodenal ulcer, but protecting from gastric cancer. When Hp infection spreads to oxyntic mucosa, it induces atrophy, reduced acid secretion and marked hypergastrinaemia and cancer.It is remarkable that the interaction between Hp and gastrin may explain the pathogenesis of most diseases in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Modulacja potencjało-zależnych kanałów jonowych Cat+ przez receptory dopaminergiczne

Potencjałozależne kanały jonowe Ca++ to złożone z kilku podjednostek białka błonowe odpowiedzialne za regulację przepływu jonów Ca++. Kanały te są zamknięte w spoczynku i otwierają się pod wpływem depolaryzacji błony komórkowej. Napływ jonów Ca++ do środowiska wewnątrzkomórkowego moduluje cały szereg procesów komórkowych takich jak np. : przekazywanie informacji, aktywację kinaz i fosfataz, aktywację ekspresji genów oraz wydzielanie neurotransm iterów w zakończeniach synaptycznych [5,17,26]. Receptory dopaminergiczne działają za pośrednictwem aktywacji białek G, które aktywując szereg wewnątrzkomórkowych szlaków transdukcji sygnału, których jednym z efektorów są potencjałozależne kanały jonow e Ca++. W wyniku ich aktywacji receptorów dopaminergicznych dochodzi do zmiany amplitudy, szybkości aktywacji i inaktywacji prądów jonowych Ca++ co z kolei modyfikuje aktywność neuronów lub zmienia uwalnianie przez nie neurotransmiterów [5,12,15,19,25,27,28,31,28].
Medical faculty and curriculum design1? ‘No, no, it's like this: You give your lectures …’

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to understand more completely the (tacit) curriculum design models of medical faculty. We report on two research questions: (1) Can medical faculty give an account of their curriculum design assumptions? and (2) What are their assumptions concerning curriculum design? Method: We conducted an explorative, qualitative case study. We interviewed educational decision makers at the three Danish medical schools and associate professors from different courses concerning curriculum design. We carried out four individual, in-depth interviews and four focus groups with 20 participants in all. Results and conclusions: Only one decision maker had an explicit curriculum design model. However, all participants had assumptions concerning curriculum design. We displayed their assumptions as five essentially different and increasingly complex models: the method-driven, pragmatically driven content-driven, outcome-driven and vision-driven curriculum design models. In the five models, the role of learning outcomes differs. The differences range from a belief that learning outcomes are essential, to a belief that learning outcomes are unimportant, to a belief that learning outcomes are incompatible with higher education. Finally, we found that teachers do not necessarily play a clear, central role in curriculum design.