Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOCS: a domain-aware crowdsourcing system using knowledge bases

Crowdsourcing is a new computing paradigm that harnesses human effort to solve computer-hard problems, such as entity resolution and photo tagging. The crowd (or workers) have diverse qualities and it is important to effectively model a worker's quality. Most of existing worker models assume that workers have the same quality on different tasks. In practice, however, tasks belong to a variety of diverse domains, and workers have different qualities on different domains. For example, a worker who is a basketball fan should have better quality for the task of labeling a photo related to 'Stephen Curry' than the one related to 'Leonardo DiCaprio'. In this paper, we study how to leverage domain knowledge to accurately model a worker's quality. We examine using knowledge base (KB), e.g., Wikipedia and Freebase, to detect the domains of tasks and workers. We develop Domain Vector Estimation, which analyzes the domains of a task with respect to the KB. We also study Truth Inference, which utilizes the domain-sensitive worker model to accurately infer the true answer of a task. We design an Online Task Assignment algorithm, which judiciously and efficiently assigns tasks to appropriate workers. To implement these solutions, we have built DOCS, a system deployed on the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Experiments show that DOCS performs much better than the state-of-the-art approaches.
Sensitive Products: Selection and Implications for Agricultural Trade Negotiations

The current negotiating framework for WTO negotiations on agriculture includes flexibilities for "sensitive" products to be chosen by the importer. Without knowing which products their partners are likely to select, WTO members cannot assess the implications of an agreement for their market access opportunities. In this paper, we begin by specifying a Grossman-Helpman type political-economy welfare function, and use this to determine which products are likely to be selected as sensitive products. Assuming these products are subjected to smaller reduction in protection, we find that allowing even 2 percent of tariff lines to be treated as sensitive can greatly reduce the impact of an agreement on market access. This problem is, in part, a consequence of using a percentage of tariff lines as the constraint on the use of sensitive products. If the constraint on the products to be classified as sensitive takes more directly into account the interests of the exporter - being specified, for example, as a share of imports - then the adverse impacts on market access opportunities can be greatly reduced.
Macrogeographic population structuring in the cosmopolitan agricultural pest Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The macrogeographic population structure of the agricultural pest Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) was investigated in order to identify the geographic origin of the species and reconstruct its range expansion. Individuals of B. cucurbitae were collected from 25 worldwide‐distributed localities (n = 570) and genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. The Bayesian clustering reveals that B. cucurbitae can be subdivided into five main groups corresponding to populations from (i) the African continent, (ii) La Réunion, (iii) Central Asia, (iv) East Asia and (v) Hawaii. The proportions of inter‐regional assignments and the higher values of genetic diversity in populations from Pakistan, India and Bangladesh suggest that B. cucurbitae originated in Central Asia and expanded its range to East Asia and Hawaii on one hand and to Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean on the other. A number of outliers (10–19 specimens according to different clustering algorithms) show high levels of admixture (Q > 0.70) with populations from different regions and reveal complex patterns of inter‐regional gene flow. Anthropogenic transport is the most plausible promoter of this large‐scale dispersal. The introduction of individuals from geographically distant sources did not have a relevant role in the most recent African invasions, which originated from the expansion of local populations. These results could provide a useful background to better evaluate invasion risks and establish priorities for the management of this cosmopolitan agricultural pest.
The Psychosocial Meaning of Menopause: Women's Experiences

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a qualitative study of womens' experiences with menopause from a psychosocial perspective. Women give voice to the impact of menopause upon their sense of self and significant relationships in their lives. This study raises questions about the meaning of the reluctance of women and others to discuss menopause in a helpful, meaningful way.
Net Worth: Shaping Markets When Customers Make the Rules

From the Publisher: Sellers, beware. Buyers are losing their patience, and you're losing their trust. It's only a matter of time before they start hiring agents to represent them in many of their commercial transactions. This startling proposition lies at the heart of Net Worth, the new book from John Hagel. Here Hagel teams with Marc Singer to identify a powerful source of sustainable revenue through the internet, one with potential to upend the relationship between businesses and their customers and challenge our fundamental beliefs about marketing, brands, and value. In Net Worth, Hagel and Singer argue that consumers are mastering new technologies to capture their own information and deny access to others without their consent. Net Worth describes this convergence of commerce, technology, and consumer frustration as the incubator for a new kind of business - an information intermediary or infomediary - that seeks to protect customers' privacy while maximizing the value of their information assets. So that companies can get a jump on navigating this still-unfamiliar terrain, Net Worth lays out the underlying economic and competitive dynamics that will foster the emerging business of the infomediary.
Morphologic characterization of rat taste receptor cells that express components of the phospholipase C signaling pathway

Rat taste buds contain three morphologically distinct cell types that are candidates for taste transduction. The physiologic roles of these cells are, however, not clear. Inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3) has been implicated as an important second messenger in bitter, sweet, and umami taste transductions. Previously, we identified the type III IP3 receptor (IP3R3) as the dominant isoform in taste receptor cells. In addition, a recent study showed that phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2) is essential for the transduction of bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. IP3R3 and PLCβ2 are expressed in the same subset of cells. To identify the taste cell types that express proteins involved in PLC signal transduction, we used 3,3′diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride immunoelectron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to identify cells with IP3R3. Confocal microscopy was used to compare IP3R3 or PLCβ2 immunoreactivity with that of some known cell type markers such as serotonin, protein gene‐regulated product 9.5, and neural cell adhesion molecule. Here we show that a large subset of type II cells and a small subset of type III cells display IP3R3 immunoreactivity within their cytoplasm. These data suggest that type II cells are the principal transducers of bitter, sweet, and umami taste transduction. However, we did not observe synapses between type II taste cells and nerve fibers. Interestingly, we observed subsurface cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the close appositions between the plasma membrane of type II taste cells and nerve processes. We speculate that some type II cells may communicate to the nervous system via subsurface cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in lieu of conventional synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:311–321, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colonization processes and the maintenance of genetic diversity: insights from a pioneer rainforest tree, Aucoumea klaineana

Despite recurrent episodes of range expansion and contraction, forest trees often harbour high genetic diversity. Studies of temperate forest trees suggest that prolonged juvenile phase and high pollen flow are the main factors limiting founder effects. Here, we studied the local colonization process of a pioneer rainforest tree in central Africa, Aucoumea klaineana. We identified 87% of parents among trees up to 20–25 years old and could thus compare direct parentage structure data with classical population genetics estimators. In this species, genetic diversity was maintained during colonization. The absence of founder effects was explained by (i) local random mating and (ii) local recruitment, as we showed that 75% of the trees in the close neighbourhood participated in the recruitment of new saplings. Long-distance pollen flow contributed little to genetic diversity: pollen and seed dispersal was mainly within stand (128 and 118 m, respectively). Spatial genetic structure was explained by aggregated seed dispersal rather than by mother–offspring proximity as assumed in classical isolation-by-distance models. Hence, A. klaineana presents a genetic diversity pattern typical of forest trees but does not follow the classical rules by which this diversity is generally achieved. We suggest that while high local genetic variability is of general importance to forest tree survival, the proximate mechanisms by which it is achieved may follow very different scenarios.
Servicing the public debt : the role of government’s behavior towards debt

This article presents a model in which haircuts on public debt may occur. My focus relies on the explanation and numerical exploration of multiple equilibria. Calvo (1988) ﬁrst found multiple equilibrium interest rates due to investors’ self-fulﬁlling expectations of a partial default in a model with exogenous debt. I use Calvo’s (1988) setting to study the impact of endogenizing debt on multiplicity. This is a relevant exercise as in this setting the government has the ability to choose the optimal level of debt. More than that, if it behaves as a large agent it can inﬂuence the interest rate it will face. In particular, I ﬁnd that if the interest rate schedule is presented as in Arellano (2008), depending on debt at maturity, uniqueness can be achieved by a government behaving as a large agent. However, investors can also coordinate on o ﬀ ering a schedule depending on the initial level of debt, as implicitly deﬁned in Calvo (1988). In this case there is more than one equilibrium, provided that public expenditure in the ﬁrst period is not extremely high.
Maternal Perinatal Undernutrition Alters Postnatal Development of Chromaffin Cells in the Male Rat Adrenal Medulla

Numerous data suggest that the development of the sympathoadrenal system is highly sensitive to the perinatal environment. We previously reported that maternal perinatal food restriction by 50% (FR50) altered chromaffin cell (CC) organization and activity in offspring at weaning. This study investigated the effects of FR50 on the postnatal time course of CC functional and structural adaptations. FR50 pups exhibited smaller and more abundant scattered clusters of noradrenergic CCs as early as postnatal day 7 (P7), indicating that morphological changes took place earlier during development. At birth, the adrenaline release was defective in FR50 pups, suggesting that maternal FR50 impaired the non-neurogenic control of catecholamine release. At P4, the catecholamine release in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was also absent in FR50 pups. This was associated with the reduction of adrenal catecholamine contents, indicating that the failure to synthesize catecholamine might lead to impaired secretion. We hypothesized that maternal FR50 accelerated the functional connections between CCs and splanchnic nerve endings, leading to the premature loss of the non-neurogenic response. Acetylcholine-containing synaptic endings seemed more precociously functional in FR50 pups, as suggested by increased levels of acetylcholine esterase activity at P14. At P7, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia caused preferential adrenaline release associated with increased catecholamine contents in both groups. However, the response was accentuated in FR50 pups. At P14, the insulin challenge increased plasma levels of adrenaline in control rats, whereas it markedly enhanced the circulating level of both catecholamines in FR50 pups. We demonstrated that maternal FR50 leads to developmentally impaired noradrenergic CC aggregation and advanced splanchnic neurotransmission maturation associated with altered medulla activity in response to metabolic stress. This might contribute to the long-lasting malprogramming of the adrenal medulla and to the development of chronic adult diseases.
Transcutaneous Electrical Neurostimulation in Musculoskeletal Pain of Acute Spinal Cord Injuries

Cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar fractures associated with physiologic complete or incomplete spinal cord injuries frequently have severe soft-tissue injury as well as severe pain associated with the site or area of injury. Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation has been proved effective in the treatment of various causes of severe acute and chronic intractable pains. We applied this modality to a group of 20 patients who had acute spinal cord injuries and pain associated with severe, extensive soft-tissue injury. Its advantages include ease of application, lack of major complications, increased intestinal peristalsis, and avoidance of narcotic analgesic medications. It also produced significant (greater than 50%) pain relief in 75% of patients treated by transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation.
Sensory processing and adaptive behavior deficits of children across the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder continuum.

BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure can have detrimental effects on a child's development of adaptive behaviors necessary for success in the areas of academic achievement, socialization, and self-care. Sensory processing abilities have been found to affect a child's ability to successfully perform adaptive behaviors. The current study explored whether significant differences in sensory processing abilities, adaptive behavior, and neurocognitive functioning are observed between children diagnosed with partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), or children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol (PEA), but did not meet criteria for an FASD diagnosis. The influence of IQ on adaptive behavior as well as further exploration of the relationship between sensory processing and adaptive behavior deficits among these children was also examined. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted on some of the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) scores, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System--Second Edition (ABAS-II) scores, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale--Fourth Edition/Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence--Third Edition (WISC- IV/WPPSI-III) scores of 46 children between 3 and 14 years of age with pFAS, ARND, or who were PEA. RESULTS Greater sensory processing deficits were found in children with a diagnosis of pFAS and ARND compared to those in the PEA group. Children with an ARND diagnosis scored significantly worse on measures of adaptive behavior than the PEA group. Children with pFAS scored significantly lower than children with ARND or PEA on perceptual/performance IQ. No correlation was found between IQ scores and adaptive behaviors across the FASD diagnostic categories. A significant positive correlation was found between SSP and ABAS-II scores. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the diagnosis received under the FASD umbrella, functional difficulties that could not be observed using traditional measures of intelligence were found, supporting guidelines that a broad range of standardized assessments be included when screening children for FASD.
Patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and without chest pain are treated less aggressively and experience higher in-hospital mortality.

BACKGROUND Lack of chest pain or atypical pain does not exclude acute coronary syndrome (ACS). AIM To assess demographic and clinical characteristic as well as treatment strategies in patients with atypical chest pain on admission in hospitals without on-site invasive facility (IF). METHODS Twenty-nine community hospitals participated in the Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes. A total of 2382 patients with ACS were enrolled. Patients admitted to hospitals with suspected ACS were stratified according to their pain symptoms as either typical (TS) or atypical which also included lack of pain (ATS). RESULTS Of all patients with initial ACS diagnosis 152 (6.4%) presented without chest pain on admission. Patients from group ATS in comparison to group TS were more often women (49 vs. 39%; p=0.01), and less frequently had past medical history of coronary artery disease (54.3 vs. 72.5%; p <0.0001), myocardial infarction (15.2 vs. 32.1%; p <0.0001), arterial hypertension (65.6 vs. 74.5; p <0.0001) or renal insufficiency (1.3 vs. 5%; p=0.04). Invasive treatment was undertaken in 9.2% of patients from group ATS and in 14.6% from group TS (p=0.049). In-hospital mortality among all patients remaining in community hospitals for conservative treatment was similar in both groups (ATS vs. TS: 8.7 vs. 5.9%; p=NS). Among patients with typical and atypical symptoms the occurrence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) was similar. Patients with NSTEMI and UA with atypical symptoms were less likely transferred for invasive diagnostic, for NSTEMI 9.4 vs. 18.1% (p=0.03) and for UA 6.1 vs. 12.9% (p=0.04). In-hospital mortality was similar among typical and atypical groups in STEMI and UA patients. However, it was significantly higher among NSTEMI patients with atypical chest pain treated conservatively (3.6 vs. 0%; p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant group of ACS patients without chest pain on admission who are usually women with less severe past medical history. This subset of patients is treated less aggressively in terms of antiplatelet therapy and invasive approach. It is patients with diagnosis of NSTEMI who due to being misdiagnosed due to their atypical chest pain have poorer outcome.
Stiffness estimation of a parallel manipulator using image analysis and camera calibration techniques

SUMMARY This work presents a methodology using image analysis to estimate the experimental stiffness of a parallel robot, Parallix LKF-2040, a 3-degree-of-freedom manipulator. The proposed methodology has a simple implementation and can be applied to different architectures of parallel robots. This methodology uses image analysis and camera calibration techniques to estimate compliant displacements of mobile platform produced by several loads at the end effector level, and calculate stiffness in a specific position of mobile platform. Experimental results are presented for different positions within the workspace.
Distributed Negotiation: Pre-testing a Simulated Cross-cultural Business Take-over Game

This article discusses eight repetitions of a business take-over game. The game’s aim is to act as a vehicle for research into electronically mediated cross-cultural negotiation and as a training tool. During the game, three teams of four persons play the management teams of three companies, one of which is a daughter of the second that may be sold to the third. In four of the repetitions, the three teams were located in geographically dispersed places. Two of these used telephone and fax for negotiating, the two others used videoconferencing and fax. All teams enacted a “synthetic national culture” that belonged to their fictitious home country. The game generates interesting implications for designing training environments that may be used by organisations for training cross-cultural negotiations. The game setting and data collection framework can also be developed for use as a research tool.
Investigating the Potential of Fee-Based Recreation on Private Lands in the Lower Mississippi River Delta

Private landowners may be willing to allow public access for fee-based wildlife-associated recreation. A survey and econometric techniques are proposed to determine what characteristics may influence the probability to decide to offer recreation, what organizational form landowners may prefer to manage and market fee-based recreation, and how liability concerns and other possible disincentives collectively influence landowners' access decisions.
Analysis of the fundamental error statistics in DPSK systems using a Markov chain model (Corresp.)

Finite-state Markov chain models are proposed to represent the process of the occurrence of errors in differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) systems and also in coherent phase-shift-keying (CPSK) systems with differential coding-and-decoding schemes. A simple and general formula is derived for the probability P(m,n) of the occurrence of m errors in a sequence of n digits which is the fundamental error statistic required to evaluate random-error-correcting codes applied to these channels.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and drug addiction

Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is now being tested for its ability to treat addiction. This review discusses current research approaches and results of studies which measured the therapeutic use of rTMS to treat tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug addiction. The research in this area is limited and therefore all studies evaluating the therapeutic use of rTMS in tobacco, alcohol or illicit drug addiction were retained including case studies through NCBI PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and manual searches. A total of eight studies were identified that examined the ability of rTMS to treat tobacco, alcohol and cocaine addiction. The results of this review indicate that rTMS is effective in reducing the level of cravings for smoking, alcohol, and cocaine when applied at high frequencies to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Furthermore, these studies suggest that repeated sessions of high frequency rTMS over the DLPFC may be most effective in reducing the level of smoking and alcohol consumption. Although work in this area is limited, this review indicates that rTMS is a promising modality for treating drug addiction.
Incidental finding of anomalous circumflex coronary artery from right coronary sinus prior to aortic valve surgery

Anomalous origin of the left circumflex (Cx) artery is a common and mostly benign coronary artery anomaly. We report the case of a man aged 52 years who presented to his local hospital with progressive breathlessness on exertion and syncopal episodes. His admission transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed bicuspid aortic valve, severe aortic stenosis with a valve area of 0.5 cm2 and his left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 27%. His coronary angiogram showed normal coronary arteries but anomalous origin of the Cx artery from the right coronary. He underwent elective bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. His postoperative recovery was uneventful and he was discharged on day 5 postoperatively. His TTE postoperatively showed well-seated aortic valve, improved LVEF to 51%. We here report a case of incidental finding of anomalous Cx artery arising from the right coronary while the patient is being worked up for aortic valve replacement for congenital bicuspid aortic valve.