Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synergistic toxicity of atrazine and organophosphate insecticides contravenes the response addition mixture model

A toxic unit (TU) approach was used to test the response addition model for mixtures of pesticides with differing modes of action. Atrazine was tested in binary and ternary combinations with the organochlorine insecticide methoxychlor and organophosphate insecticide methyl‐parathion. Atrazine was also tested in binary combinations with additional organophosphates. The TU for atrazine was set slightly below its water solubility limits (TU = 20 ppm), which is well below its 96‐h 50% effective concentration for the fourth instar of the midge, Chironomus tentans. In 96‐h acute toxicity tests using C. tentans, atrazine was found to produce synergistic (greater than additive) toxicity in a binary mixture with methyl‐parathion. Less than additive toxicity was found for the combination of atrazine with methoxychlor (likely due to the low TU assigned to atrazine). The ternary combination of atrazine + methyl‐parathion + methoxychlor was found to be marginally synergistic. Results of toxicity tests with atrazine in binary combinations with other organophosphates indicate more than additive toxicity for all compounds except mevinophos. Possible hypotheses are presented in an attempt to explain the noted synergistic relationship between atrazine and various organophosphorous insecticides. These results suggest that the response addition model does not always accurately predict mixture toxicity for chemicals with differing modes of action.
Extraction technology and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from wild of Cynomorium songaricum rupr in Ningxia

Traditional hot water extraction was applied in the experiment to extract polysaccharide from wild Cynomorium of Ningxia,in this paper. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained through single factor test and response surface methodology( RSM). The optimum extraction parameters were as follows : liquid ratio1 ∶25g/m L,extraction time 2.5h,extraction temperature 90℃. Under these conditions,the yield of Cynomorium polysaccharides was 22.32%. In addition,the total antioxidant capacity reduction,DPPH radical scavenging,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity were as an evaluation index in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides Cynomorium,and with VCwere compared. The antioxidation experiments indicated that the polysaccharide had a good reducing power and free radical scavenging activity,Cynomorium was a kind of Chinese herbal with antioxidant activity.
Removal and recovery of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from industrial wastewater by two-stage diffusion dialysis (DD) and electrodialysis (ED) processes

AbstractIn this study, a two-stage diffusion dialysis (DD) and electrodialysis (ED) system for the removal and recovery of sodium hydroxide from industrial wastewater were investigated. The study was carried out at laboratory scale using food industry wastewater. Sodium hydroxide is commonly used as principal strong base by various chemical industries. The processed wastewater therefore enhances the pH levels of receiving water bodies that affects the physiological functions of aquatic organisms, plants, and makes the water inappropriate for human consumption. 1.0-μm PTFE (Advantec, USA), forward osmosis (FO) (Hydration Technology Innovation) membranes, platinum coated over titanium anode, and graphite cathode were used in this study. In the first stage of the DD process, NaOH from the feed solution (FS) i.e. wastewater to draw solution (DS) i.e. deionized water (DI) was carried out through PTFE membrane in a diffusion cell. The initial concentration of NaOH in the FS was from 1 to 3 M and in the first st.
Characterization of methyl-doped silicon oxide film for inter-layer dielectrics application

In this work, methyl-doped silicon oxide films deposited using Flowfill/sup TM/ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been characterized for use in inter-layer dielectrics (ILD) application. Films with different methyl contents were studied to understand the effects of incorporated methyl groups on the properties. Chemical composition and bonding structure, dielectric constant (k), refractive index (RI), density, thermal stability, moisture permeability, and hardness were investigated. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of these films and their stability under O/sub 2/, N/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/ plasma treatments were also studied.
Contrôle photopériodique de la reproduction

tion. This hormone is only secreted at night. Melatonin acts on the central nervous system to control the pulsatile secretion of LHRH. Its action on LHRH neurons is not direct ; it involves the use of interneurons. In addition, the melato-nin-induced changes in LHRH secretion are seen after a long latency relative to the time of the change in the rhythm of melatonin secretion, 40 to 60 days in the ewe. The changes in LHRH secretion cause modifications in gonadotropic hormone secretion which in turn control the activity of the gonads.
New Insights into Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Label-Free Detection of DNA on Ag°/TiO2 Substrate

Four DNA polybases (polyA, polyC, polyG, and polyT), modified or not with an external NH2 group, have been immobilized on an original, robust, and low-cost Ag°/TiO2 surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform. The latter was elaborated through an optimized chemically assisted photocatalytic reduction process. The label-free SERS detection of these polybases has been performed, and the analysis of SERS spectra has been supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The high-resolution and signal/noise ratio of SERS spectra enabled us to clearly index the main and secondary Raman lines of all types of studied polybases and to propose some aspects of the polybase immobilization mechanism. Regardless of polybase type and presence or absence of NH2 modification, an optimum detection is obtained for polybase concentrations lying in the 5–10 μM range, which gives rise to reproducible SERS spectra. This behavior has been interpreted in terms of distribution, orientation, and packing density o.
Maternal and Perinatal Complications inTriplet Pregnancies in Retrospective Study

Background: A retrospective study of maternal and neonatal complication of triplet pregnancies in Basrah Maternity and Child Hospital and in Kammal Al-Samarayei Hospital for period of 2011-2012. Aim: Assess frequency of obstetrical and perinatal complication and factors affecting outcome Methodology: We reviewed the obstetrical files , the data collected included maternal age , parity, fetal weight , mode of delivery and mode of conception from peroid the 1 of June 2011 to 31 of June 2012. Result: The rate of triplet increase with increasing of maternal age (30-39) and in primigraivda due to ovulation induction also increase rate of C. S, PE, PROM, Anemia, PPH, preterm delivery were (88.89%,19.4%, 30.5, 55.55%,11.11%,83.33%) respectively. The higher rate of deliveries occurred between 32-34 weeks and birth weight between 1550-2000 gm (36.36%, 39.81%) respectively. increases rates of abortion 18.1%. Conclusion: There were increasing rate of complication both maternal and fetal with triplets prematurity, still birth congenital abnormality, and C.S. 1 Basrah Maternity and Child HospitalBasrah Iraq. 2 Basrah maternity and Child Hospital – Basrah Iraq.
Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides

The effective ionic radii of Shannon & Prewitt [Acta Cryst. (1969), B25, 925-945] are revised to include more unusual oxidation states and coordinations. Revisions are based on new structural data, empirical bond strength-bond length relationships, and plots of (1) radii vs volume, (2) radii vs coordination number, and (3) radii vs oxidation state. Factors which affect radii additivity are polyhedral distortion, partial occupancy of cation sites, covalence, and metallic character. Mean Nb5+-O and Mo6+-O octahedral distances are linearly dependent on distortion. A decrease in cation occupancy increases mean Li+-O, Na+-O, and Ag+-O distances in a predictable manner. Covalence strongly shortens Fe2+-X, Co2+-X, Ni2+-X, Mn2+-X, Cu+-X, Ag+-X, and M-H- bonds as the electronegativity of X or M decreases. Smaller effects are seen for Zn2+-X, Cd2+-X, In2+-X, pb2+-X, and TI+-X. Bonds with delocalized electrons and therefore metallic character, e.g. Sm-S, V-S, and Re-O, are significantly shorter than similar bonds with localized electrons.
Níveis de complexo enzimático em dietas para ruminantes

Brito, F.O. Enzimatic complex levels in ruminant diets. 2010. 82 f. Dissertacao (Mestrado em Zootecnia) – Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 2010. Twenty-four crossbred lambs Ile de France, with initial average body weight of 22,7 ± 1,85 kg and age of 80 days, were supplemented with 0 (control treatment); 0,3; 0,9 e 2,7 g/kg DM levels of enzymatic commercial product, with amylase, cellulose, phytase, xylanase, glucanase, pectinase e protease, added at the moment of concentrate mixing. Performance was not affected by enzyme complex supplement,, with averages of 37,3 ± 4,3 kg; 1,182 ± 0,153kg/day, 0,356 ± 0.077 kg/day and 3,3 ± 0,3 for FLW, DMI, ADG and FC, respectively. For DM, NDF, ADF, CP, EE, TDN and starch, the averages were, respectively, 80,55;60,14; 58,80; 81,55; 52,02; 83,16 and 98,20%. There was observed a tendency to FDN digestibility with linear increasing as the enzyme levels increased, with an improvement of 11% for the last level, compared to control diet. All the others variables were not changed. Glucose and phosphorus concentrations were not affected by the enzyme complex. The Entodinium sp. protozoa represented more than 95% of the total ciliated protozoa for all treatments studied and the data were adjusted by the quadratic effect, with the level of 2,18 kg of enzyme/kg of DM showing a better growing of those. Ruminal pH at the slaughter, was not affected by enzymes. Hot dressing percentage and cold dressing percentage decreased until levels of 1,61 and 1,55 g of enzyme/kg of DM, respectively, even when after these data, dressing percentage went back closely to the control treatment. The increasing levels addition of enzyme decreased drip loss, but did not affect the cocking loss and tenderness of lambs meat. Despite the improvement of some parameters, as well as performance, meat and carcass characteristics, were not affect by the enzymes, suggesting that enzyme complex analyzed was not efficient at the same experimental conditions for sheep.
Investigation the polymorphism of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP-15) gene in Iraq cow.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP-15) was known to regulate functions of ovary in mammals. The aim of this research was tocompare the BMP15 expression of ovaries incow and calf todetermine a relationship between the level of BMP15 genes and the developmental low competence of calfoocytes.Oocyte collected from 15cattle and 10 calves. Extracted DNA by intron kit (Korea). The BMP15 expression in Oocytes surrounded completely andpartiallyby cumulus cells of adult ovaries was higher significantly than that incalf ovaries. Oocytepolymorphism in protein calves compared with adults
Absorption to Heavy Metals by Wheat and Influencing Features in Sewage-irrigated Soil in Tianjin

The study on absorption to heavy metals by wheat in sewage-irrigated soil in Tianjin Area indicated that Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni were distinctly cumulated in wheat, and the contents of Cd in ears of wheat were higher than the national edible health standard, while the other elements were less than the national edible health standard. The cumulated capacity of heavy metals in different apparatus of wheat were different, with the order in roots of wheat being CdZnCuNiPbCr, the order in stocks and leaves of wheat CdCZnPbNiCr, and the order in ears ZnCdCuPbCrNi. The influences of relative features of soils on the contents of heavy metals in wheat were complex. There existed significant correlation between Cd content in wheat ears and that in soil, while, the cumulated capacity of Zn and Ni in wheat ears related to the pH values of soil. There were negative correlations between organic materials in soil and the contents of heavy metals in wheat ears. The types and quality of soils could influence the absorption to heavy metals by wheat ears to some extent.
The Pharmacological Effect of Gum Arabic on Liver Hyperplasia in the Presence or Absence of Laser Beam

Background: The pharmacological effect of Gum Arabic with and without laser exposure is largely unknown. Objective: This study aimed to explore the pharmacological effect of GA on hepatic hyperplasia induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in BalbC mice and the changes in lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and histopathological changes in hepatic hyperplasia mice with or without laser irradiation. Results: In vivo studies showed that GA was biologically inactive expect when combined with laser irradiation in healthy and in hepatic hyperplasia mice, it leds to elevation in lipid peroxidation level. Conclusion: GA is safe and did not induce biological alterations. Co-administration of GA with laser induced lipid peroxidation.
Preparation and Characteristic of One-dimensional Magnesium Borate Nanomaterials

Single-crystalline magnesium borate nanorods were fabricated by solvothermal method at the super- critical conditions. This reaction condition enabled the formation of magnesium borate with one dimensional nanos- tructure without the involvement of surfactants. The microstructures of as-synthesized products prepared at different reaction stages were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results show that Mg2B2O5 structure is obtained through an intermediate transition from Mg(OH)2 to MgBO2(OH), and then from MgBO2(OH) to Mg2B2O5. The morphology of the products at corresponding stages were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM), showing that the formation process of Mg2B2O5 nanorods was from flake-like to short columnar and then to rod. The result suggests that the formation of Mg2B2O5 nanorods follow a process from nucleation → dissolution → anisotropic growing → recrystallization.
Insight into the Surface Properties of Fluorocarbon-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Films and Blends

Fluorocopolymers of vinyl acetate (VAc) and one of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), or vinylidene fluoride (VDF), or fluorocopolymer blends with PVAc, were cast from solution on Teflon-coated glass slides and analyzed for surface composition at both the air−polymer and Teflon−polymer surfaces. Since the fluorocopolymers, synthesized in supercritical CO2, had a random distribution of monomers, we were interested in determining whether surface enrichment of the fluorocarbon repeat units was possible relative to the bulk composition. Film surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and dynamic advancing and receding water contact angles, which demonstrated that fluorocopolymer films were more hydrophobic than PVAc homopolymer film surfaces. By XPS, films of P(TFE-co-VAc) had both air and Teflon surfaces enriched with TFE relative to its bulk composition. Films of P(CTFE-co-VAc) had CTFE-enriched air surfaces for CTFE bulk concentrations >26 mol % and CTFE-e.
In silico binding affinity to cyclooxygenase-II and green synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives

Here, we have reported for the first time, in silico binding affinity prediction of benzylpyrazolyl coumarin scaffolds to cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) enzyme and a green synthetic route to access these scaffolds using a neutral ionic liquid, [pmIm]Br as the reusable catalyst and reaction media under metal-free conditions. The integrated scaffolds, benzylpyrazolyl coumarins exhibited stronger binding affinity to COX-II inhibitor than their individual moieties, 3-benzyl coumarins and pyrazolones. Moreover, 4-((4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)(4-nitrophenyl)methyl)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (3c) has shown even better binding affinity than the marketed anti-inflammatory drug, celecoxib.
Des traducteurs activistes en Catalogne

Depuis 2010, les relations entre l’Espagne et la Catalogne sont a couteaux tires. Dans la foulee d’une querelle constitutionnelle – a laquelle s’ajoutent d’autres desaccords –, l’independantisme a pris de l’ampleur au sein de la population. En 2012, dans ce contexte tendu, divers acteurs de la societe civile ont fonde l’Assemblee nationale catalane (ANC) afin de mener a bon port le projet d’independance politique. En plus d’etre representee geographiquement par des assemblees territoriales regionales (Gerone, Tarragone, etc.) et exterieures (Pays basque, France, Quebec, etc.), l’ANC est divisee en assemblees sectorielles (historiens, entrepreneurs, immigrants, etc.). Pour leur part, les langagiers se sont mobilises en creant l’Assemblee sectorielle professionnelle Traducteurs, correcteurs, interpretes et transcripteurs pour l’independance (TCITxI).
ELECTROCOAGULATION OF TANNERY WASTEWATER USING MONOPOLAR ELECTRODES: PROCESS OPTIMIZATION BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

In the present study, the treatment of tannery wastewater was performed by electrocoagulationmethod (EC) using aluminium and steel electrodes. Response surface methodology (RSM) with three factors; current density (I), electrolysis time (t) and pH, with each factor at five levels, was used to optimize the factors for higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Operational parameters I, t and pH were varied between 22–110 mA/cm2, 5-45 min and 3-7, respectively. For the optimal parameter values, the removal efficiency of COD and TSS attained respectively 82.2% and 85.5% for aluminium electrodes and 67.4% and 86.2% for steel electrodes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high variance coefficient (R2) value of 0.96 and 0.81, for COD and TSS removal, respectively, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. Corresponding energy consumption was found to be 2.92 €/m3 and 8.18 €/m3, for COD removal by using aluminium and steel electrodes, respectively.
The characterisation of polygalacturonic acid-based layer-by-layer deposited films using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, a dual polarization interferometer and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer in attenuated total reflectance mode

The rational design of layer-by-layer deposited biopolymer films is underpinned by measurements of their growth characteristics and functional properties. In this study we compare measurements of the hydrated mass, polymer mass and concentration, density and composition of the films measured using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCMD), a dual polarization interferometer (DPI) and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR). The biopolyanion used for the deposition was polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and the biopolycations were poly-L-lysine (PLL), chitosan (Chi) and lysozyme (Lys). A 10 step deposition of PGA–PLL and PGA–Chi from 10 mM pH 7.0 phosphate buffer with 30 mM NaCl led to 18.3 nm and 32 nm thick multilayer films, respectively, and the PGA–Lys deposition to a 3.2 nm thick mixed adsorbed film. The PGA–PLL multilayer assembled with a relatively small polycation showed exponential growth and QCMD showed its material properties remained constant during assembly. The PGA–Chi multilayer also showed exponential growth and, despite some stripping of Chi when PGA was deposited, grew more rapidly than the PGA–PLL multilayer. The QCMD showed that the multilayer was more viscous when the Chi was uppermost and more elastic when PGA was uppermost. The PGA–Lys deposition showed a cyclical behaviour corresponding to repeated deposition and stripping with little net growth after the first 3–4 deposition cycles. Further analysis of the PGA–Chi acoustic and optical hydrated mass measurements suggested that the refractive index of the film was relatively high in the region close to the adsorbing surface, and an extensive lower refractive index region stretched out from the surface. The polymer mass measured by FTIR-ATR was up to 1.5 times greater than that measured by DPI, a discrepancy which could be explained in terms of the known sensitivity of the FTIR-ATR amide I band to conformational changes of these polycations which change upon deposition. The strength of the FTIR-ATR method was that it yielded film compositions which indicated that the polymers in the multilayer films carried an excess of negative charge, evidence for extrinsic charge balance within the multilayer films.
Removal of sulphite-reducing clostridia spores by full-scale water treatment processes as a surrogate for protozoan (oo)cysts removal

At eight full-scale water treatment plants in the Netherlands the removal of spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) was determined. By sampling and processing large volumes of water (1 up to 500 litres) SSRC were detected after each stage of the treatment. This enabled the assessment of the removal efficiency of the full-scale unit processes for persistent micro-organisms. A comparison with literature data on the removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by the same type of processes revealed that SSRC can be considered as a potential surrogate. The average Decimal Elimination Capacity (DEC) of the overall treatment plants ranged from 1.3–4.3 log. The observed actual log removal of SSRC by the unit processes and the overall treatment at one of the studied locations showed that the level of variation in removal efficiency was approximately 2 log. Moreover, from the actual log removal values it was observed that a low SSRC removal by one unit process is partly compensated by a higher removal by subsequent unit processes at this location. SSRC can be used for identification of the process conditions that cause variation in micro-organism removal which may lead to process optimization. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal use of SSRC in water quality monitoring for the production of microbiologically safe drinking water.
Phosphonate Modification for a Highly (Z)‐Selective Synthesis of Unsaturated Esters by Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Olefination

The Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction of various ethyl diarylphosphonoacetates with benzaldehyde, cyclohexane carboxaldehyde and octanal is reported. Selectivities of up to 98 % at –78 °C are obtained with the three substrates. Among all the phosphonates prepared, the reagent based on 2-tert-butylphenol proved to be especially efficient, with Z/E ratios close to 95:5 at 0 °C. It appears thus to be the reagent of choice for the (Z)-selective HWE reaction with both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)