Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation de visualisations et exploration interactive de grandes quantités de données multidimensionnelles. (Characterization of visualizations and interactive exploration of large quantity of multidimensional data)

Un grand nombre d'activites utilise des outils informatises s'appuyant sur des representations graphiques interactives. En tant que vecteurs de transmission d'informations, ces visualisations visent a optimiser la bande passante entre le visuel et l'utilisateur. Pour creer des visualisations efficaces, les concepteurs utilisent des methodes basees sur leur expertise et sur des tests utilisateurs. Ces methodes alterent le processus de design : elles sont chronophages et ne reposent pas sur des fondements theoriques precis qui pourraient eviter des erreurs de conception en amont. Afin de mieux etudier les visualisations, nous proposons de les caracteriser, c'est-a-dire d'en enumerer et d'en definir systematiquement les proprietes, tout en explicitant les phenomenes visuels qui engendrent la transmission d'informations. La these que nous soutenons consiste a dire que la caracterisation des visualisations est importante pour leurs conceptions, et que son operationnalisation par des methodes et des outils permet de concevoir de meilleurs systemes interactifs. Ainsi, nous avons determine qu'une caracterisation est composee de deux elements : son contenu et sa mise en forme. Nous montrons que le modele de Data Flow, modele usuel permettant la description de la construction de visualisations, ne permet pas de les caracteriser. Nous proposons d'autres modeles qui permettent de caracteriser l'aspect dynamique, les informations emergentes (et notamment celles issues des visualisations dites "ecologiques"), ainsi que l'accumulation graphique. En utilisant des visualisations issues du milieu du transport aerien, nous montrons comment la caracterisation permet de comprendre leurs similitudes et leurs differences, de lever les ambiguites de communication entre concepteurs, et de concevoir, par exemple, une nouvelle visualisation schematique de routes aeriennes. Enfin, nous avons reifie le processus de transformation d'un ensemble de donnees vers une visualisation sous la forme d'un logiciel d'exploration et de visualisation de grandes quantites de donnees multidimensionnelles : From Data To Display (FromDaDy). Ce logiciel s'appuie notamment sur l'exploration des configurations visuelles, et sur un ensemble d'interactions originales avec une implementation performante. FromDady permet de configurer et de manipuler en temps reel des visualisations riches et originales, comme celles utilisant l'accumulation.
Ecological invasion: spatial clustering and the critical radius

Question: When localized dispersal spatially aggregates an introduced species, so that an introduction's success or failure corresponds to growth or decay of invader clusters respectively, how does the probability of cluster expansion vary with propagation rates of locally interacting invaders and residents, with their mortality rates, and with dispersal distance? Mathematical method: We apply the physical theory for nucleation in homogeneous spatial systems to invader-resident competition, and focus on an invader cluster's critical radius. At the critical radius, growth and decay of an invader cluster have equal probability. Using this definition, analytically and computationally, we explore the effects of individual-level vital rates on the probability of invader-cluster growth. Key assumptions: The two species compete preemptively for space. Invader and resident have the same mortality rate, but the invader has the greater rate of local propagation. Invader clusters are (on average) circular, and advance or decline of the invader occurs at the cluster's perimeter. Conclusions: The probability that an invader cluster grows, so that introduction succeeds, increases with an error function of the logarithm of the cluster's radius. Variation in lattice-neighbourhood size has little effect on cluster-growth probability in simulation. For small differences in propagation rates, increasing the common mortality rate increases the invader's critical radius, but may also increase the probability that large clusters invade the resident. That is, increased mortality hampers small invader clusters through chance extinction, but provides more opportunities for growth at the periphery of large clusters. The (approximate) critical radius of invader clusters scales as a power law of the difference in the two species' propagation rates.
A preliminary study comparing the use of allogenic chondrogenic pre‐differentiated and undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of full thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits

Chondrogenic differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs) have been shown to produce superior chondrogenic expression markers in vitro. However, the use of these cells in vivo has not been fully explored. In this study, in vivo assessment of cartilage repair potential between allogenic‐derived chondrogenic pre‐differentiated mesenchymal stem cells and undifferentiated MSCs (MSCs) were compared. Bilateral full thickness cartilage defects were created on the medial femoral condyles of 12 rabbits (n = 12). Rabbits were divided into two groups. In one group, the defects in the right knees were repaired using alginate encapsulated MSCs while in the second group, CMSCs were used. The animals were sacrificed and the repaired and control knees were assessed at 3 and 6 months after implantation. Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/total protein content. The mean Brittberg score was higher in the transplanted knees as compared to the untreated knee at 6 months (p < 0.05). Quantitative analysis of GAGs was consistent with these results. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated hyaline‐like cartilage regeneration in the transplanted sites. Significant differences between the histological scores based on O'Driscoll histological grading were observed between contralateral knees at both 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the Britberg, O'Driscoll scores, and GAGs/total protein content when comparing defect sites treated with MSC and CMSC (p > 0.05). This study demonstrates that the use of either MSC or CMSC produced superior healing when compared to cartilage defects that were untreated. However, both cells produced comparable treatment outcomes. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1336–1342, 2011
Definition and classification of cerebral palsy

The International Workshop on the Definition and Classification of Cerebral Palsy have proposed a fresh definition and classification of cerebral palsy (CP; p 571). In their accompanying paper they explain their reasoning behind this. Why is there the need for revision of the widely accepted and comfortably familiar definitions of Bax1 and Mutch2? These definitions are beautifully succinct and clear but perhaps not inclusive enough, making no mention of pathogenesis or of the functional and ‘non-motor’ features of CP which are most significant when it comes to everyday life. There has been debate in the past as to whether a more aetiological definition should be adopted but we are not yet ready for this. CP remains unexplained in around 15% of children, even after good neuroimaging and metabolic investigation3 and we recognize that a wide range of CNS disorders can result in a similar clinical picture. Thus, a predominantly phenotypic definition and classification remains the most appropriate. The workshop clearly deliberated long and hard over every word of the revised definition producing a much more detailed description of CP that now encompasses the effect on function (activity limitation) and the comorbid features. As a result, the definition is longer and it does not ‘trip off the tongue’ in the way the old ones did. I think a fresh classification of CP is most welcome. With the standard classification there is considerable confusion in describing the neurological abnormalities of tone and the anatomical distribution of the disorder. When does hemiplegia become an asymmetric diplegia or diplegia become quadriplegia and when does a spastic disorder become mixed spastic/dystonic? Causation is not always described and functional consequences are not systematically recorded. This makes it difficult to document significant changes for an individual (particularly important when it comes to any therapeutic interventions) and is unsatisfactory for scientific research. The Workshop has set out a useful and detailed template listing the important components of a classification system. There is much greater emphasis on timing and causation of injury and I welcome and fully endorse their advice that, whenever possible, the diagnosis should be confirmed with neuroimaging. It is also entirely appropriate that functional assessments should be routinely employed for which suggestions are given in the accompanying document. For clinicians and therapists the most provocative suggestion is that CP should now be classified as unilateral or bilateral with the old terms of diplegia, quadriplegia, etc being abandoned, and that there should be specific description of all body areas affected (including trunk and oromotor involvement). The predominant abnormalities of tone should also be recorded and the presence of a hyperkinetic movement disorder documented. om m etary Definition and classification of cerebral palsy
Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Features in Open-Angle Glaucoma With Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control.

PURPOSE To evaluate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features according to glycemic control status in open-angle glaucoma with diabetes mellitus. METHODS Subjects underwent comprehensive ocular examination, visual field testing, and SD-OCT imaging (Cirrus HD-OCT). The relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and OCT measurements was compared between diabetic nonglaucomatous eyes and diabetic glaucomatous eyes. Glaucoma-discriminating ability was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for OCT parameters and compared between groups relative to the glycemic control group. RESULTS Analysis was performed on 69 nonglaucomatous and 87 glaucomatous eyes in the nondiabetic group, and on 72 nonglaucomatous and 56 glaucomatous eyes in the diabetic group. Average, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses were positively correlated with HbA1c in diabetic nonglaucomatous eyes (P = 0.040, 0.037, 0.025, and 0.013, respectively). The AUC of the average cup-to-disc area ratio (CDR), vertical CDR, and cup volume in diabetic eyes with poor glycemic control was significantly higher than those in nondiabetic eyes (P = 0.011, 0.003, and 0.043, respectively). The AUC of cube volume, cube average thickness, and minimal GCIPL thickness in diabetic eyes with poor glycemic control was lower than those in nondiabetic eyes (P = 0.006, 0.007, and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this study, optic nerve head parameters had a superior ability to discriminate glaucoma in diabetic eyes with poor glycemic control. Conversely, the ability to discriminate glaucoma using macular parameters tended to be lower for diabetic eyes with inadequate glycemic control.
Le rôle des apports en acides gras polyinsaturés dans la prévention du risque d’accouchement prématuré

La prevention de la prematurite est un enjeu de sante publique majeur dans le monde. Chaque annee, 15 millions d’enfants naissent prematurement, avec un risque significatif d’affections et de deces neonataux. Les prematures courent plus de risques de souffrir de complications et d’handicaps permanents, tels qu’une deficience mentale, une infirmite motrice cerebrale, des pathologies pulmonaires ou encore une perte de vue et de l’audition. Ce travail expose des etudes de supplementation par voie orale realisees sur des femmes sans ou avec facteurs de risques de developper une grossesse prematuree. La voie vaginale a aussi ete utilisee pour etudier l’effet des acides gras polyinsatures (AGPI) omega 3 chez des femmes avec facteurs de risques d’accouchements prematures, afin d’etudier leurs effets en contournant les etapes complexes d’absorption des lipides. Au total, les etudes de supplementation en AGPI omega 3 pendant la grossesse montrent des ameliorations en ce qui concerne le poids de l’enfant premature, sa taille mais aussi une augmentation de la duree de la grossesse. L’etude du metabolisme des AGPI pourrait expliquer par quels mecanismes d’actions ils entrent en jeu dans la prematurite. Des etudes sur les animaux sont exposees pour determiner leurs roles sur l’inflammation causee par une infection amniochoriale, les chorioamniotiques aigues (CAM) entre autres qui sont retrouvees dans 20 a 70% des accouchements prematures, ou sur les ruptures prematurees des membranes amniochoriales qui surviennent dans 30% des accouchements prematures. Des apports nutritionnels en AGPI omega 3 ont ete proposes chez les femmes enceintes. Ce travail expose toutes les sources naturelles ou industrielles dans lesquelles les AGPI omega 3 sont retrouves.
Control of multiple single phase PFC modules with a single low-cost DSP

In this paper, a new control scheme is proposed for controlling multiple single-phase power factor correction (PFC) modules with a single low-cost digital signal processor (DSP). The proposed scheme allows for multiple PFC modules of different current ratings to be operated in parallel and controlled via a single DSP. The DSP based control handles simple current sharing and provides size reduction. The paper describes a current sense technique for each PFC module and a closed loop control algorithm for the output voltage and input current control for operating multiple modules. In the example design, the switching frequency was set at 120 kHz and two continuous conduction mode (CCM) PFC stages were operated in parallel and controlled via a single TMS320LF2407 DSP. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is capable to be used for modern switching power supplies.
Risk propensity in commercial and military pilots.

BACKGROUND Flight safety is dependent on the quality of the decision-making process, which is closely related to risk taking. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate risk propensity among commercial and military pilots. HYPOTHESIS Since commercial and military flights are conducted in different environments with different safety policies, our hypothesis was that risk propensity levels observed in these different settings will not be the same. METHODS We tested 96 French pilots, 63 who were flying commercial aircraft (mean age 43 yr) and 33 serving in military aviation (mean age 33 yr), with the Evaluation of Risk (EVAR) visual analog scale, designed to rate risk proneness, and the Barrat impulsiveness scale. EVAR is composed of 24 items distributed among 5 factors: "self-control," "danger-seeking," "energy," "impulsiveness," and "invincibility. " RESULTS We observed significantly higher scores in all EVAR factors except "impulsiveness" in military pilots compared with commercial pilots. This different risk profile was corroborated by Barrat scores and was not explained by the significant age difference. CONCLUSIONS The observed difference in risk propensity cannot be explained by this descriptive study. A prospective evaluation of risk proneness beginning with the selection process and continuing through training and military and commercial flying is necessary to assess how a risk proneness profile is determined.
An efficient strategy to detect outlier transactions for knowledge mining

Instant identification of outlier patterns is very important in modern-day engineering problems such as credit card fraud detection and network intrusion detection. Most previous studies focused on finding outliers that are hidden in numerical datasets. Unfortunately, those outlier detection methods were not directly applicable to real life transaction databases. Although a limited literature presented methods to find outliers in the transaction datasets, they did not address what really caused the transactions to become abnormal. In this paper, an improved framework is proposed to identify the outlier transactions as well as to find the most possible items that induce the abnormal transactions. Several definitions are defined as prerequisite for outlier detection. Efficiency comparisons with previous work are also done to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Refined X-ray structure of the low pH form of ribonuclease T1-2'-guanylic acid complex at 1.9 A resolution.

The three-dimensional X-ray structure of the RNase T1[EC 3.1. 27.3]-2'GMP complex crystallized at low pH value (4.0) was determined, and refined to 1.9 A resolution to give a final R value of 0.203. The refined model includes 781 protein atoms, 24 inhibitor atoms, and 43 solvent molecules. The imidazole rings of His27 and His40 interact with the carboxyl side chains of Glu82 and Glu58, respectively, whereas that of His92 is in contact with the main chain carbonyl oxygen of Ala75. In the complex, the ribose ring of the 2'GMP molecule adopts a C2'-endo puckering, and the exocyclic conformation is gauche(-)-gauche(+). The glycosyl torsion angle is in the syn range with an intramolecular hydrogen bond between N3 and O5', and the 2'-phosphate orientation is trans-gauche(-). The guanine base of the inhibitor is tightly bound to the base recognition site with five hydrogen bonds (N1--Glu46O epsilon 2, N2---Asn98O,O6---Asn44N, and N7 ---Asn43N delta 2/Asn43N) and is sandwiched between the phenolic ring portions of Tyr42 and Tyr45 by stacking interactions. The 2'-phosphate group interacts with Arg77N eta 2, Glu58O episilon 2, and Tyr 38O eta but not with any of the histidine residues. Arg77N eta 2 also interacts with Tyr38O eta. There is no interaction between the ribose moiety of the inhibitor and the enzyme.
Whole-body 18F-FDG PET in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

UNLABELLED The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the sensitivity and prognostic significance of whole-body (18)F-FDG PET for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients for whom there was a suspicion of recurrence or metastasis by conventional radiologic or clinical findings during their follow-up examinations. METHODS Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET examinations were performed on 64 Taiwanese NPC patients (14 female, 50 male; mean age +/- SD, 45.8 +/- 13.0 y; age range, 16-75 y) 4-70 mo (mean +/- SD, 14.1 +/- 13.5 mo) after radiotherapy or induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy from February 1997 to May 2001. The accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET detection for each patient was determined by the histopathologic results or other clinical evidence. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of (18)F-FDG PET images in the diagnosis of NPC recurrence or metastases and secondary primary cancers were 92%, 90%, 92%, 90%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of (18)F-FDG hypermetabolism was highly correlated with the survival time of NPC patients. CONCLUSION Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET is a sensitive follow-up diagnostic tool for the evaluation of NPC recurrences and metastases. It is also an effective prognostic indicator for NPC patients. To determine the optimized utilization of (18)F-FDG PET in the follow-up for NPC patients, further cost-effectiveness analysis of (18)F-FDG PET in combination with conventional management is necessary.
First report of saxitoxin in Finnish lakes and possible associated effects on human health

This study is the first report of saxitoxin in cyanobacterial blooms in Finland. Bloom samples (n = 50) were collected from Finnish freshwater sites during summer months of 2002 and 2003. These samples were screened for the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) using the Jellett rapid PSP screening test. Samples testing positive for PSTs (n = 7) were further analyzed with saxiphilin‐ and voltage‐gated sodium channel [3H]‐STX–binding radioreceptor assays and liquid chromatography using fluorescence and mass spectrometric analysis. The results indicated that saxitoxin (STX) was the only PST analogue in the samples and that it was present in high concentrations, as much as 1 mg L−1. Microscopic analysis revealed that 95%–100% of the phytoplankton in the positive samples consisted of Anabaena lemmermannii. The trophic status of lakes in which STX‐containing blooms were found varied from oligotrophic to hypertrophic. All the lakes had high nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratios. In some instances, samples had been collected from sites where swimmers had reported adverse health effects, and in three such cases, reported adverse health effects were associated with sites from which samples testing positive for STX had been received. Symptoms of fever, eye irritation, abdominal pains, and skin rash were reported in children aged 2–10 years after exposure to the water. These were not the adverse human symptoms typical of STX poisoning; rather, they represented acute effects often reported following recreational exposure to cyanobacterial blooms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 20: 331–340, 2005
Proteome map of the normal murine ventricular myocardium

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The underlying mechanisms involved in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure are poorly understood. In this study, 2‐DE was utilised to map, for the first time, proteins of normal, nonfailing mouse ventricular tissues to form a basis for future comparative analysis of mouse models with cardiovascular disorders. Proteins were obtained from ventricles of C57BL6 mice, aged 18 wk, and separated by 2‐DE. A total of 150 protein spots, corresponding to 77 distinct proteins, were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. The proteins identified in mouse ventricles covered a wide range of biological processes (e.g. cell cycle, muscle contraction and signal transduction), with the majority of proteins contributing to cardiomyocyte energetics and cell structure. This 2‐D gel map of mouse myocardial proteins will be an invaluable tool in proteomic research for the detection of protein changes and identifying cardiac biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.