Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Guidelines for Limited Feedback in the Spatially Correlated Broadcast Channel

A linear beamformer design for the broadcast channel where the base station is equipped with Nt antennas and signals to M = 2 users (each with a single antenna) and where the vector channels are spatially correlated is considered. This problem is of relevance in wireless standardization efforts where two users are simultaneously scheduled (instead of the theoretically feasible Nt user scheduling) to minimize signaling overhead. The users are assumed to have perfect channel state information (CSI), whereas the base station has statistical information of the channels. In the first part of this work, the role of the relevance of feedback is studied via the quantification of the gap in ergodic sum-rate between the perfect CSI and statistics-only extremes. In this direction, the importance of orthogonality of the dominant eigenmodes of the two users in maximizing the gap is established. In the second part of this work, in scenarios with a large gap, limited feedback beamforming codebooks and a codeword selection metric are designed for the low-rate feedback setting. The main contribution here is the proposal of a generalized eigenvector codebook and feedback of the codeword index that maximizes an estimate of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of each user. Extensions of this scheme are also proposed for the general Nt antenna case with M users, where M ≤ Nt. It is shown via numerical studies that this scheme leads to significant performance improvement across a large family of channels over schemes such as Grassmannian/Random Vector Quantization/single-user codebooks with the channel projection metric for codeword selection.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPECIFICITY OF NEWER HISTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR THE DEMONSTRATION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY

Health Service Grant GM00568. FIG. 4. Section from the same block as the preparations shown in Figures 1-3. The section was treated with methanob-nitrofernicyanide-acetic acid as indicated in the legend for Figure 2B, followed by adsorption of HRP to the sites o’ antibody and by staining for peroxidase with DAB and H2O2 for 5 mm at 22#{176}C. Note that the reaction for the antibody is positive in plasma cells and lymphocytes but that the reaction in lymphocytes is somewhat weaker than in the lymphocytes shown in Figure 3. x 500.
Regulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 by Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Cultured Glial Cells: Involvement of Nuclear Factor-κB and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathways

Pharmacotherapy of brain HIV-1 infection may be limited by ABC transporters [i.e., P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1)] that export antiretroviral drugs from HIV-1 brain cellular targets (i.e., astrocytes, microglia). Using an in vitro astrocyte model of an HIV-1 associated inflammatory response, our laboratory has shown that cytokines [i.e., tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6], which are secreted in response to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 exposure, can decrease P-gp functional expression; however, it is unknown whether these same cytokines can alter expression and/or activity of other ABC transporters (i.e., Mrp1). In primary cultures of rat astrocytes, Mrp1 expression was increased by TNF-α (2.7-fold) but was not altered by IL-1β or IL-6. Cellular retention of 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, an Mrp substrate, was reduced in TNF-α-treated astrocytes, suggesting increased Mrp-mediated transport. Pharmacologic inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling with SN50 prevented both TNF-α release and Mrp1 expression changes in astrocytes triggered with gp120; however, SN50 did not attenuate Mrp1 expression in cells triggered with TNF-α. In contrast, Mrp1 functional expression was not altered in the presence of gp120 or TNF-α when astrocyte cultures were pretreated with 1,9-pyrazoloanthrone (SP600125), an established c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. SP600125 did not affect TNF-α release from cultured astrocytes triggered with gp120. Mrp1 mRNA expression was increased after treatment with gp120 (1.6-fold) or TNF-α (1.7-fold), suggesting altered Mrp1 gene transcription. These data suggest that gp120 and TNF-α can up-regulate Mrp1 expression in cultured astrocytes. Furthermore, our results imply that both NF-κB and JNK signaling are involved in Mrp1 regulation during an HIV-1 associated inflammatory response.
Consignment stock policy with controllable lead time for effective inventory management in supply chains

In this paper, we develop an inventory model where the replenishment lead time is assumed to be dependent because at the time of contract with a manufacturer retailer may intend to reduce the lead time for which he pay an additional cost to accomplish the increased production rate. We provide a solution procedure to obtain the efficient ordering strategy in Hill's inventory model in particularly Consignment Stock (CS) policy of Supply Chain Management (SCM) for a single vendorâ€“single buyer under the stochastic nature. The lead time of CS strategy has been controlled to minimise Joint Total Expected Cost (JTEC) and simultaneously optimised other decision variables such as quantity transported, lead time, the number of transport operations and delay deliveries under stochastic environment so as to gain a competitive advantage in the business strategy. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the solution procedure.
Estimating the Economic Value of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) as a Function of Harvest Moisture Content

The net value (NV) of rice, as affected by drying costs and milling quality changes associated with harvesting rice at various moisture contents (MCs), was studied using a five-year data set comprising eight cultivars harvested over a range of MCs from 11 southern U.S. locations. A quadratic relationship was used to characterize the change in NV across harvest MC (HMC); this relationship was due to the progressively-increasing fee structure for commercial drying costs and the quadratic nature of head rice yield (HRY) changes with HMC. A sensitivity analysis revealed that as the price of brokens increased, there was a slight decrease in the HMC at which NV was maximized. Relative to the price of brokens, the optimum HMC was not influenced by fluctuations in head rice price. At a given HMC, the NV of a rice bulk increased with the price of brokens, and the extent of the increase was heavily influenced by the HRY versus HMC relationship. In all instances, the optimal HMC to maximize HRY (HMCopt-HRY) was greater than the HMC corresponding to the maximum NV (HMCopt-NV). When HMC, NV and HRY were plotted regardless of cultivar, location, or harvest year, the MC at which HRY was maximized was 21.7% whereas the MC at which NV was maximized was 18.5%, representing a 3.2 percentage point difference between HMCopt-HRY and HMCopt-NV.
Preclinical Development Targeting the IKK b / mTOR / VEGF Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Obesity-Related Breast Cancer

Clinical correlation studies have clearly shown that obesity is associated with breast cancer risk and patient survival. Although several potential mechanisms linking obesity and cancers have been proposed, the detailed molecular mechanism of obesity-mediated breast tumorigenesis has not yet been critically evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of obesity on mammary tumor initiation and progression using mice with genetic and diet-induced obesity bearing mammary tumor xenografts and mouse mammary tumor virus-neu transgenic mice that were fed a high-fat diet. We show that obesity promoted mammary tumor growth and development in these animal models. Moreover, the expressions of TNFa, VEGF, IKKb, and mTOR are upregulated in mammary tumors of obese mice, suggesting that the IKKb/ mTOR/VEGF signaling pathway is activated by TNFa in the tumors of obese mice. More importantly, inhibitors (rapamycin, bevacizumab, and aspirin) that target members of the pathway suppressed tumorigenesis and prolonged survival more effectively in obese mice than in nonobese mice. Here, we not only identified a specific signaling pathway that contributes to mammary tumorigenesis in obese mice but also a strategy for treating obesity-mediated breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(10); 2212–21. 2012
Impact of Cable Television Digitization on the Revenue Model of Television Broadcasters

Broadcasters‟ overdependence on advertisement revenues (their major chunk of subscription revenues being unfairly eaten by LCOs through rampant under-reporting) is a cause for concern for the whole Industry. With the advent of cable television digitization Broadcasters shall have a healthy mix of advertising and subscription revenue which shall wean them off of their heavy dependence on advertising revenues and thus Digitization is a landmark event for the financial and vibrancy of television industry
Belatacept and Long-Term Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation.

BACKGROUND In previous analyses of BENEFIT, a phase 3 study, belatacept-based immunosuppression, as compared with cyclosporine-based immunosuppression, was associated with similar patient and graft survival and significantly improved renal function in kidney-transplant recipients. Here we present the final results from this study. METHODS We randomly assigned kidney-transplant recipients to a more-intensive belatacept regimen, a less-intensive belatacept regimen, or a cyclosporine regimen. Efficacy and safety outcomes for all patients who underwent randomization and transplantation were analyzed at year 7 (month 84). RESULTS A total of 666 participants were randomly assigned to a study group and underwent transplantation. Of the 660 patients who were treated, 153 of the 219 patients treated with the more-intensive belatacept regimen, 163 of the 226 treated with the less-intensive belatacept regimen, and 131 of the 215 treated with the cyclosporine regimen were followed for the full 84-month period; all available data were used in the analysis. A 43% reduction in the risk of death or graft loss was observed for both the more-intensive and the less-intensive belatacept regimens as compared with the cyclosporine regimen (hazard ratio with the more-intensive regimen, 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.95; P=0.02; hazard ratio with the less-intensive regimen, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.94; P=0.02), with equal contributions from the lower rates of death and graft loss. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased over the 7-year period with both belatacept regimens but declined with the cyclosporine regimen. The cumulative frequencies of serious adverse events at month 84 were similar across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Seven years after transplantation, patient and graft survival and the mean eGFR were significantly higher with belatacept (both the more-intensive regimen and the less-intensive regimen) than with cyclosporine. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00256750.).
The centrosome and cellular organization.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE CENTROSOME . 641 The Centriole Is a Complicated Structure of Unknown Function . 642 The Centrosome Undergoes Characteristic Structural Changes during the Cell Cycle . 643 The Animal Cell Centrosome and the Spindle Pole Body of Yeast Are Structurally Distinct, but Functionally Similar . 643
Analysis of Participant Factors That Affect the Diagnostic Performance of Screening Mammography: A Report of the Alliance for Breast Cancer Screening in Korea

Objective To analyze participant factors that affect the diagnostic performance of screening mammography. Materials and Methods We enrolled 128756 cases from 10 hospitals between 2005 and 2010. We analyzed recall rate, cancer detection rate (CDR) per 1000 examinations, positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), and interval cancer rate (ICR) per 1000 negative examinations according to participant factors including age, breast density, and number of visit to the same institution, and adjusted for confounding variables. Results Increasing age improved recall rates (27.4% in 40's, 17.5% in 50's, 11.1% in 60's, and 8.6% in 70's), CDR (2.7, 3.2, 2.0, and 2.4), PPV (1.0, 1.8, 1.8, and 2.8%), sensitivity (81.3, 88.8, 90.3, and 94.7%), specificity (72.7, 82.7, 89.0, and 91.7%), and FPR (27.3, 17.3, 11.0, and 8.4%) (p < 0.05). Higher breast density impaired recall rates (4.0% in P1, 9.0% in P2, 28.9% in P3, and 27.8% in P4), PPV (3.3, 2.3, 1.2, and 1.3%), specificity (96.1, 91.2, 71.4, and 72.5%), and FPR (3.9, 8.9, 28.6, and 27.6%) (p < 0.001). It also increased CDR (1.3, 2.1, 3.3, and 3.6) and ICR (0.2, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.6) (p < 0.05). Successive visits to the same institution improved recall rates (20.9% for one visit, 10.7% for two visits, 7.7% for more than three visits), PPV (1.6, 2.8, and 2.7%), specificity (79.4, 89.6, and 92.5%), and FPR (20.6, 10.4, and 7.5%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Young age and dense breasts negatively affected diagnostic performance in mammography screening, whereas successive visits to the same institution had a positive effect. Examinee education for successive visits to the same institution would improve the diagnostic performance.
Analysis of a snubber for the T-type NPC converter

The study of a totally passive snubber applied to the T-type NPC converter is presented in this paper. The snubber circuit aids all commutations in all the switches. The voltage across the switches is clamped in a value close to half of the total input voltage. The description of the operation is presented in this paper.
Regulation of the NFAT pathway discriminates CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from CD4+CD25− helper T cells

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent modulators of immune responses. The transcriptional program distinguishing Tregs from the CD4+CD25− Th cells is unclear. NFAT, a key transcription factor, is reported to interact with forkhead box p3, allowing inhibitory and activating signals in T cells. In the current study, we hypothesize that distinctive NFAT regulation in Tregs as compared with Th cells, may contribute to specific functions of these cells. Tregs express basal levels of cytoplasmic NFATc1 and NFATc2. In contrast to Th cells, anti‐CD3‐mediated T cell activation did not induce nuclear translocation of NFATc1 or NFATc2 in Tregs. This effect was associated with altered regulation for NFAT in Tregs that included reduced calcium flux, diminished calcineurin activation, and increased activity of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, a negative regulatory kinase for NFAT in Tregs relative to Th cells. These data suggested that NFAT inhibition in Th cells may induce regulatory function. Indeed, pharmacologically mediated NFAT inhibition induced Th cells to function as Tregs, an effect that was mediated by induction of membrane‐bound TGF‐β on Th cells. Collectively, these data suggest that maintaining NFAT at basal levels is a part of the transcriptional program required for Tregs.
Optimization on the Efficiency of the Construction Sector Companies in Malaysia With Data Envelopment Analysis Model

Construction industry contributes to the growth of economy in Malaysia. Therefore, efficiency is important to measure how well the construction company is performing in utilizing the resources to generate outcomes. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of the listed construction sectors companies in Malaysia with Data Envelopment Analysis model. In this study, BREM, DKLS, ECONBHD, HSL, KERJAYA, MELATI, MLGLOBAL, PTARAS, PUNCAK, SUNCON and ZECON are ranked as efficient companies which achieve 100% efficiency score. This study is significant because it helps to identify the efficient companies that serve as benchmark to other inefficient companies for further improvement.
Recent Trends in IJGISc

Journal editors are uniquely positioned to observe trends in our field first-hand because of the broad flow of submissions. As the International Journal of Geographical Information Science is a truly international forum for research publication, the local bias of regional conferences is less and one can get a global picture of trends quite quickly. What is clear is that the view from place to place of what constitutes GISc research varies quite markedly and reflects local activity and concerns. The current trends, as indicated by submissions to IJGISc, seem worthy of comment. There are also other trends of importance to our authorship that need to be flagged. I will discuss these latter, more mundane, trends first.
Age-Related Changes in the Likelihood of Major Contributions

This article is concerned with the influence of age and research support on the frequency of technical innovation and economic growth. Based on the observations of Mumford and Gustafson, the authors argue that major contributions are derived from the creation of new understandings brought about by the integration and reorganization of existing understandings [1]. It is also argued that the creation of new understandings is most likely to occur in the earlier phases of people's careers when capable individuals are placed in an environment that will support innovative efforts. To examine these hypotheses and their broader economic implications, data were obtained from government sources describing the percentage of the population between the ages of twenty-five and forty-four, and between the ages of forty-five and sixty-four, as well as the percentage of the gross national product devoted to research and development efforts, the percentage of individual patents awarded, and deviations from long-term trends in the gross national product. These data were then analyzed in a time series analysis covering the period from 1929 to 1984. The results indicated that research support and age influenced the number of patents awarded which, in turn, influenced deviations in the gross national product. On the basis of these observations and the underlying theory, the authors conclude that substantially greater attention should be given to the development and maintenance of creative potential.
Interconnect synthesis without wire tapering

Interconnect synthesis techniques, such as wire sizing and buffer insertion/sizing, have proven to be critical for reducing interconnect delays in deep submicron design. Consequently, the past few years have seen several works that study buffer insertion, wire sizing, and their simultaneous optimization. For long interconnect, wire tapering, i.e., reducing the wire width as the distance from the driver increases, can yield better solutions than uniform wire sizing. However, despite its obvious benefits, tapering is not widely used in practice since it is difficult to integrate into a coherent routing methodology. This paper studies the benefits of wire sizing with tapering when combined with buffer insertion. We first present a theoretical result that shows wire tapering is at most 3.5% faster than uniform wire sizing when maximal buffer insertion is applied. We then present detailed experiments that support this result. Consequently, we conclude that it is generally not worthwhile to perform tapering for signal nets. Finally, we present a general formulation and optimal polynomial time algorithm for simultaneous wire sizing and buffer insertion that forbids wire tapering, but incorporates layer assignment and wire spacing.
Assessment of human immunodeficiency virus expression in cocultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy seropositive subjects

We have evaluated a number of methodological variables effecting the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 93 healthy anti‐HIV‐positive and 72 healthy seronegative subjects. For optimal HIV recovery, PBMCs had to be freshly separated from whole blood. Short‐term freezing of purified PBMCs was practically advantageous and actually resulted in more rapid virus recovery. The minimal number of PBMCs necessary for virus expression was determined by dilutional cultures and varied from 102 to 106 cells. HIV expression was demonstrated initially at the cellular level by immunocytochemical detection of HIV core and envelope proteins using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies, subsequently confirmed by detection of viral antigens and reverse transcriptase (RT) in the culture supernatants. HIV recovery was not improved following induction with 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (IUDR) and only marginally improved following depletion of the CD8+‐suppressor cell population in the PBMC specimens. The overall frequency of HIV detection in cultures was 84% in healthy seropositive subjects, whereas none of the PBMCs from 72 seronegative persons yielded HIV expression.
Resource allocation for multiuser MIMO-OFDM systems with various suboptimal detectors

The performance of multiuser multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems can be significantly improved by using efficient resource allocation schemes. There are a lot of resource allocation schemes to maximize the system capacity. However, under a practical circumstance of employing a suboptimal MIMO detector, optimizing for maximum capacity may not be proper. In this paper, we investigate resource allocation schemes to minimize the bit error rate (BER) for various suboptimal detectors, including the zero forcing (ZF) detector, the successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector, the lattice reduction (LR) based ZF detector, and the LR based SIC detector. For the ZF and SIC detectors, we study the subcarrier allocation among users and power allocation over subcarriers and antennas. The optimal algorithm is investigated and a suboptimal scheme with low complexity is proposed for each detector. For the LR based ZF and SIC detectors, we propose suboptimal schemes with allocating power equally over antennas. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme improves the BER performance for each detector.
Can Facebook Ads and Email Messages Increase Fiscal Capacity? Experimental Evidence from Venezuela

Tax compliance is an important challenge in weakly institutionalized countries, especially when fiscal capacity is limited. E-government platforms, which have become popular in recent years, provide governments with more and better taxpayer information, allowing new forms of communication with citizens. In particular, social media targeted advertising may be used by tax authorities to increase tax compliance. We performed a randomized field experiment in the capital of Venezuela, Caracas, to determine whether targeted Facebook ads help the local government reduce tax delinquency. Our design allows us to test for complementarities between ads and email reminders, which may boost the capacity of the tax authority to increase compliance. We find that these online strategies are cost-effective methods for increasing tax revenues but that the effects vary across different types of taxpayers, especially concerning the combined email and Facebook treatment.
Sleep loss impairs inspiratory muscle endurance.

Sleep loss is common in patients with respiratory disorders. To determine whether sleep loss affects respiratory muscle function, we compared respiratory muscle and pulmonary functions after normal sleep with those measured after a 30-h sleepless period in 30 normal male subjects. The respiratory muscle strength was estimated by the maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures. Inspiratory muscle endurance was determined by the product of pressure load and the sustained time, i.e., pressure-time index, while the subject breathed against an inspiratory pressure load on a modified Nickerson-Keens device. We found that inspiratory muscle endurance was decremented from 871 +/- 61 to 638 +/- 69 cm H2O.min after sleep deprivation. Twelve-second maximal voluntary ventilation was also significantly reduced after sleep loss. Nevertheless, the respiratory muscle strength, FEV1, and FVC were unaltered. We therefore conclude that inspiratory muscle endurance may deteriorate after a 30-h sleep loss.