Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Impacts of Free Trade Agreements: The Case of Japan*

This paper investigates the trade creation effects of Japan's free trade agreements (FTAs) using aggregate trade data for the years 1996–2015. We estimate various specifications of a gravity model. Our main finding is that the effects of Japan's FTAs are not clearly observed when the gravity model is specified with three types of fixed effects (i.e., exporter-year fixed effects, importer-year fixed effects, and country-pair fixed effects). In fact, the effects of FTAs vary substantially among trade partners and around half of the FTAs increase Japan's trade values. Our results also suggest that FTAs with small trade partners tend to have large effects on Japan as well as other countries. Recently enforced FTAs, however, increase Japan's import values more rapidly.
A Plasmodium Cross-Stage Antigen Contributes to the Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria

Cerebral malaria is a complex neurological syndrome caused by an infection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites and is exclusively attributed to a series of host–parasite interactions at the pathological blood-stage of infection. In contrast, the preceding intra-hepatic phase of replication is generally considered clinically silent and thereby excluded from playing any role in the development of neurological symptoms. In this study, however, we present an antigen PbmaLS_05 that is presented to the host immune system by both pre-erythrocytic and intra-erythrocytic stages and contributes to the development of cerebral malaria in mice. Although deletion of the endogenous PbmaLS_05 prevented the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in susceptible mice after both sporozoite and infected red blood cell (iRBC) infections, we observed significant differences in contribution of the host immune response between both modes of inoculation. Moreover, PbmaLS_05-specific CD8+ T cells contributed to the development of ECM after sporozoite but not iRBC-infection, suggesting that pre-erythrocytic antigens like PbmaLS_05 can also contribute to the development of cerebral symptoms. Our data thus highlight the importance of the natural route of infection in the study of ECM, with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic strategies against malaria.
Maximal Correlation Secrecy

This paper shows that the Hirschfeld–Gebelein–Rényi maximal correlation between the message and the ciphertext provides good secrecy guarantees for cryptosystems that use short keys. We first establish a bound on the eavesdropper’s advantage in guessing functions of the message in terms of maximal correlation and the Rényi entropy of the message. This result implies that the maximal correlation is stronger than the notion of entropic security introduced by Russell and Wang. We then show that a small maximal correlation <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho $ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be achieved via a randomly generated cipher with key length <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 2\log (1/\rho )$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, independent of the message length, and by a stream cipher with key length <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\log (1/\rho )+\log n+2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a message of length <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We establish a converse showing that these ciphers are close to optimal. This is in contrast with the entropic security for which there is a gap between the lower and upper bounds. Finally, we show that a small maximal correlation implies secrecy with respect to several mutual information-based criteria but is not necessarily implied by them. Hence, maximal correlation is a stronger and more practically relevant measure of secrecy than the mutual information.
Security‐aware SaaS placement using swarm intelligence

Cloud computing has emerged as a new powerful service delivery model to cope with resource challenges and to offer various on‐demand services (eg, software, storage, network, etc.). Software as a Service (SaaS) is one of the most popular service models. To meet the increasing demands of users, SaaS can be offered in a composite form. Although this approach offers some advantages like flexibility and reusability, it raises a question about how to manage composite SaaS in the distributed and the highly dynamic cloud environment. In this paper, we address one of the major SaaS resource management issues referred to as SaaS placement problem. As existing efforts only focus on SaaS placement problem from the perspective of resources utilization to optimize SaaS performance and minimize resource usage, in this paper, we also incorporate security concerns in SaaS placement strategy. In fact, security risk is one of the major factors influencing the efficiency of the composite SaaS. We adopt a multi‐swarm variant of particle swarm optimization to propose a security‐aware SaaS placement method. Also, a cooperative learning strategy is hybridized to the placement algorithm, which makes information of best candidate servers be used more effectively to generate better placement plan. Experiments show that our solution outperforms existing SaaS placement approaches.
Lifetime Comparison of Power Semiconductors in Three-Level Converters for 10-MW Wind Turbine Systems

The power electronic converter, especially the power semiconductor, is a major contributor to the failure rates of the wind turbine drivetrain. As the temperature is a major driving factor behind the failure mechanisms of these power semiconductors, the choice of topology and switching strategy can have a significant effect on the reliability of the converter. This paper presents a detailed comparison of several three-level converter topologies and switching strategies on the basis of loss distribution, thermal, and lifetime performance. This investigation is done through simulations on a 10-MW direct drive permanent magnet drivetrain. The study shows that overrating in the form of using overrated topologies, or the use of overrated components can result in large gains in lifetime expectancy and quantifies these gains. It concludes that the improvements offered by overrated topologies and overrated components are comparable and this use of the overrated topologies do not offer a significant advantage over the use of topologies with overrated components.
Application of thiophanate-methyl at different host growth stages for management of sclerotinia stem rot in soybean

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is an important disease of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the North Central United States. The incidence of SSR can be reduced by planting partially resistant cultivars and by implementation of cultural practices that limit pathogen activity. Fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl are another option for control of SSR, but usually recommended in situations where susceptible cultivars must be grown or modification of cultural practices are not disease control options. Previous studies have shown that control of SSR with fungicides is possible, but that the degree of control is inconsistent especially when incidence of SSR surpasses 50%. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of single or multiple applications of thiophanate-methyl in relation to timing of inoculation and early reproductive growth stages of the host. Inoculum was introduced at growth stage R2 at the Illinois location, and naturally occurring inoculum was relied upon to initiate SSR at the Wisconsin location. Thiophanate-methyl was effective when applied at R1 prior to inoculation at R2, but not if applied at R3, after inoculation. Two applications of thiophanate-methyl starting at R1 or the R2 growth stage and a second 2 weeks later lowered the incidence of SSR at the naturally infested Wisconsin site compared to one application with one exception. The incidence of SSR was identical for one and two applications starting at R1.5. Soybean yield was improved by fungicides at both experimental locations, and coincided with timing, and number of applications. Data from both locations suggested that fungicides need to be applied prior to inoculum arrival to the infection court. One application was effective in the controlled inoculation study, but two applications were needed at the naturally infested location. Two applications of thiophanate-methyl improved yield of a partially resistant soybean cultivar even though the incidence of SSR waso10% at the Wisconsin location. Thiophanate-methyl is an effective option for control of SSR, especially to reduce seedborne inoculum in commercial seed production systems. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Virtual Sensors Determined Through Machine Learning

We propose a method that increases the capability of a conventional sensor, transforming it into an enhanced virtual sensor. This paper focuses on a virtual thermal Infrared Radiation (IR) sensor based on a conventional visual (RGB) sensor. The estimation of thermal IR images can enhance the ability of terrain classification, which is crucial for autonomous navigation of rovers. The estimate in IR from visual band has inherent limitations, as these are different bands, yet correlations between visual RGB and thermal IR images exist, as different terrains, which visually may appear different, also have different thermal inertia. This paper describes the developed deep learning-based algorithm that estimates thermal IR images from RGB images of terrains, providing the feasibility of the idea with average 1.21 error [degree Celsius].
Approximate ergodic capacity of a class of fading 2-user 2-hop networks

We consider a fading AWGN 2-user 2-hop network in which the channel coefficients are independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) drawn from a continuous distribution and vary over time. For a broad class of channel distributions, we characterize the ergodic sum capacity within a constant number of bits/sec/Hz, independent of signal-to-noise ratio. The achievability follows from the analysis of an interference neutralization scheme where the relays are partitioned into K pairs, and interference is neutralized separately by each pair of relays. For K = 1, we previously proved a gap of 4 bits/sec/Hz for i.i. d. uniform phase fading and approximately 4.7 bits/sec/Hz for i.i. d. Rayleigh fading. In this paper, we give a result for general K. In the limit of large K, we characterize the ergodic sum capacity within 4((log π) - 1) ≃ 2.6 bits/sec/Hz for i.i. d. uniform phase fading and 4(4 - log3π) ≃ 3.1 bits/sec/Hz for i.i. d. Rayleigh fading.
THE SERUM CALCIUM TO MAGNESIUM RATIO IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Mg (Mg) is an activator of more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the human body and helps in continuing stable intraand extracellular concentrations of serum electrolytes throughout its ion stabilizing effect. Hypomagnesaemia is a common electrolyte abnormality, predominantly in the elderly and patients receiving diuretic therapy. The frequency of hypomagnesaemia in hospitalized patients ranges from 8 to 30% and a higher incidence (60-65%) among patients in the intensive care unit. Nonetheless, it has been shown that hypomagnesaemia present on admission to the intensive care unit was associated with prolonged hospitalization duration and increased mortality rate compared with normomagnesemic patients. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2016, 32: 691
A Mitochondrial Encoded Messenger at the Nucleus

Mitochondria–nucleus (mitonuclear) retrograde signaling via nuclear import of otherwise mitochondrial targeted factors occurs during mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a mechanism that counters mitochondrial and cellular stresses. Other than nuclear encoded proteins, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded peptides, such as humanin, are known to have important pro-survival and metabolic regulatory functions. A recent report has indicated that another mtDNA-encoded peptide, the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c), could translocate into the nucleus upon stress induction. In the nucleus, MOTS-c binds to DNA and regulates the transcription of stress response genes in concert with other transcription factors. This is the first clear example of a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) acting in the nucleus to affect transcriptional responses to stress. Thus, MOTS-c may bear some characteristics of a ‘mitokine’ factor that mediates mitohormesis, influencing cell survival as well as organismal health and longevity.
SMALL-SIGNAL THEORY OF SPACE-CHARGE WAVES ON RELATIVISTIC ELLIPTIC ELECTRON BEAMS

This paper reports on results of a small-signal analysis of space-charge waves on a relativistic elliptic electron beam immersed in a strong axial magnet field in a perfectly-conducting tunnel with an elliptic cross section. A dispersion relation for the space-charge waves is derived analytically. A computer code, Elliptic Beam Small Signal (EBSS), is developed and used in studies of the dispersion characteristics of fastand slow-spacecharge waves on relativistic elliptic electron beams. Applications of the theory in elliptic-beam klystrons are discussed. INTRODUCTION Elliptic electron beams have a variety of applications in coherent radiation sources and particle accelerators. Recently, there have been vigorous theoretical and experimental studies of elliptic beam systems, including elliptic electron beam sources [1,2], elliptic beam focusing systems [3-7], sheet-beam klystrons [8,9] and traveling wave tubes (TWTs) [10,11]. In particular, relativistic elliptic electron beams have applications in the research and development of a new class of ellipticor sheet-beam klystrons which have the potential to outperform conventional klystrons in terms of power, efficiency, and operating voltage. They have lower spacecharge energies which allow higher currents to be used in beams and higher power devices. Furthermore, the elliptic cross section allows more efficient coupling to radio frequency structures than circular beams. Cavity spacing in an elliptic-beam klystron is dependent on the beat wavelength of space charge waves on the elliptic beam. While space-charge waves on circular beams have been studied extensively [12-14], there has been little theoretical study of space-charge waves on elliptic electron beams until this paper. THEORY In this paper, we report on results of a small-signal analysis of space-charge waves on a relativistic elliptic electron beam in a perfectly-conducting tunnel with an elliptical cross section. We consider a relativistic elliptic electron beam propagating in an infinitely strong axial magnetic field inside a perfectly conducting tunnel whose inner surface ) (η ξ ξ t = corresponds to an elliptic pipe which approximates an equipotential surface [6] produced by the equilibrium beam charge distribution. The equilibrium electron density and flow velocity profiles are assumed to be the following [15]: 0 x y Beam Tunnel Elliptic Beam b ξ ξ = b a ( ) η ξ ξ t = ξ η Figure 1: Cross section of a relativistic elliptic electron beam system. ( ) ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ > < = , , 0 , , b b b n n ξ ξ ξ ξ ξ (1)
THE IMPACT O F FOREST ROAD EROSION IN THE DART VALLEY , NEISON

A survey of erosion on a road sysfem constructed in granitic terrain in the Dart Valley, Nelson, for production forest development has been carried out. Rates of sediment input into the stream system in 1978-9 averaged 255 m3/km/yr over the 25 km road system, but figures for individual roads varied widely, from 14 m3/km/yr for a 10-year-old valley bottom road to 1270 m3/k.uiz/yr for a 1-year-old mid-slope road which had suffered a number of large culvert or fill slope failures. Total rates of erosion on the road system were three times greater, but much sediment is fed on to vegetated slopes beneath the roads, and is stored there. Total sediment input from the road system into the stream system in 1978-9 was estimated as 12 000 t/yr, in comparison with an esti1 mate for natural sediment yield from the catchment of 9600 tlyr. Much of the sediment has been stored in headwater channels (which are, however, probably subject to periodic flushing by major storm events), deposited upon point bars above the lowflow water level in the main river, or flushed out to sea in suspension. The impact of the road-derived sediment upon the Dart River is therefore probably limited. The estimated natural sediment yield of the Wangapeka is an order of magnitude greater than that from the Dart; sediment from the Dart Valley road is therefore unlikely to have had any significant impact upon the Wangapeka, or the Motueka downstream.
Can Soft Errors be Handled Securely?

Error detection and correction approaches are often used in modern microprocessors to detect and mitigate soft errors. However, when such errors must be handled in software, transitioning to the error handler may require parts of the processor state to be hidden and/or flushed to prevent information leakage. This paper presents a high level introduction to some issues in this area. For example, it discusses when security checks may be performed and what actions may be taken to help preserve isolation when the error handler is at a trust level other than the executing code.
A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A SMART EXERCISE APPLICATION WITH WEARABLE SENSORS

When doing lower leg exercises for strength training or to properly recover from a leg injury, people can encounter problems with boredom, lack of feedback on exercises, and potentially a worse patient outcome or incomplete recovery. We have previously developed and validated a Smart Exercise application with a wearable Bluetooth IMU, and we are now investigating the usability of the system and the usefulness, intuitiveness, and appropriateness of the auditory and visual feedback mechanisms. Our results indicate that the system has effective, intuitive, and appropriate auditory and visual feedback and shows potential for future improvement.
Design and Implementations of Linear Congruential Generator into FPGA Zulfikar

This paper exposes circuit design of linear congruential generator (LCG) and implementation in FPGA. The circuit is derived from LCG algorithm proposed by Lehmer. Wordlengths reduction technique has been used to simplify the circuit. Several nets connection among the blocks of the circuit are ignored or disconnected. Simulation either behavior or timing have been done successfully. Four best Xilinx chips are chosen to gather comparison data of maximum speed and area occupied. Kintex 7 is the fastest chip among all it is about 309 MHz and Spartan 6 is slowest one which is only 73 MHz. The area occupied is similar among all of the selected chips.
Detection And Prevention Of Misrouting And Colluding Collision Attacks In Wireless Adhoc Networks

In several applications like Underground Mining, Military and navy, wireless Ad-hoc Networks play a significant role. because of this quality and benefits its wide used for several functions, however because of stealthy attacks there are heap of Packet drops because of Misrouting, Power management, identity delegation and colluding collusion . Wireless Ad-hoc Networks are particularly attractive and expensive to deploy vital networking infrastructure. To stop attacks in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks, current existing methodology is local watching. however these ways don't sight these forms of attacks in associate economical Manner and it ends up in malicious node drops information (entirely or selectively) passing through it or delays its forwarding and misrouting attack that during which within which} the aggressor relays packets to the incorrect next-hop which has the result that the packet is indirectly born. These attacks may lead to a big loss of knowledge or degradation of network practicality. In projected system we tend to return up with a brand new methodology known as SADEC that is capable of eliminating varied ways of packet dropping like Misrouting, and colluding collusion. SADEC Protocol collects information regarding native path and conjointly info concerning the neighbours. Except for native watching extra checking Schemes are enabled to watch the nodes endlessly to envision the Packet drops because of unwanted nodes. Therefore by effectively adding routing path info regarding the neighbours and conjointly taking the responsibility of checking for all the neighbours lurking attacks is all avoided from the ad-hoc networks.
Reducing Cascading Failure Risk by Increasing Infrastructure Network Interdependency

Increased coupling between critical infrastructure networks, such as power and communication systems, will have important implications for the reliability and security of these systems. To understand the effects of power-communication coupling, several have studied interdependent network models and reported that increased coupling can increase system vulnerability. However, these results come from models that have substantially different mechanisms of cascading, relative to those found in actual power and communication networks. This paper reports on two sets of experiments that compare the network vulnerability implications resulting from simple topological models and models that more accurately capture the dynamics of cascading in power systems. First, we compare a simple model of topological contagion to a model of cascading in power systems and find that the power grid shows a much higher level of vulnerability, relative to the contagion model. Second, we compare a model of topological cascades in coupled networks to three different physics-based models of power grids coupled to communication networks. Again, the more accurate models suggest very different conclusions. In all but the most extreme case, the physics-based power grid models indicate that increased power-communication coupling decreases vulnerability. This is opposite from what one would conclude from the coupled topological model, in which zero coupling is optimal. Finally, an extreme case in which communication failures immediately cause grid failures, suggests that if systems are poorly designed, increased coupling can be harmful. Together these results suggest design strategies for reducing the risk of cascades in interdependent infrastructure systems.
Limit Theorems for Rescaled Immigration Superprocesses

A class of immigration superprocesses (IMS) with dependent spatial motion is considered. When the immigration rate converges to a non-vanishing deterministic one, we can prove that under a suitable scaling, the rescaled immigration superprocesses converge to a class of IMS with coalescing spatial motion in the sense of probability distribution on the space of measurevalued continuous paths. This scaled limit does not only provide with a new type of limit theorem but also gives a new class of superprocesses. Other related limits for superprocesses with dependent spatial motion are summarized. §