Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Fatty Acid Transport Proteins, Genes That Encode for Them, and Exercise: A Systematic Review

Long‐chain fatty acid (LCFA) movement into skeletal muscle involves a highly mediated process in which lipid rafts are utilized in the cellular membrane, involving numerous putative plasma membrane‐associated LCFA transport proteins. The process of LCFA uptake and oxidation is of particular metabolic significance both at rest and during light to moderate exercise. A comprehensive systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to investigate whether exercise alters protein and/or gene expression of putative LCFA transport proteins. There were 31 studies meeting all eligibility criteria, of these 13 utilized an acute exercise protocol and 18 examined chronic exercise adaptations. Seventeen involved a study design incorporating an exercise stimulus, while the remaining 14 incorporated a combined exercise and diet stimulus. Divergent data relating to acute exercise, as well as prolonged exercise training (≥3 weeks), on protein content (PC) response was identified for proteins CD36, FABPpm and CAV1. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) data did not always correspond to functional PC, supporting previous suggestions of a disconnect due to potentially limiting factors post gene expression. The large array of study designs, cohorts, and primary dependent variables within the studies included in the present review elucidate the complexity of the interaction between exercise and LCFA transport proteins. Summary of the results in the present review validate the need for further targeted investigation within this topic, and provide an important information base for such research. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1671–1687, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What Can Nonfinancial Performance Measures Tell Us About the Likelihood of Fraud ?

For audit firms, failing to detect fraud at their clients is usually accompanied by substantial monetary penalties and/or negative publicity for the audit firm. Thus, the profession has re-evaluated its fraud assessment processes and has attempted to find new ways in which material misstatements due to fraud can be identified. A factor or an analysis which can improve auditors’ fraud risk assessments could simultaneously enhance audit quality and reduce auditor liability substantially. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine whether auditors can effectively use nonfinancial performance measures (NFPMs) in their analyses of fraud. Given that auditors can identify NFPMs (e.g., facilities growth) that are positively correlated with financial measures (e.g., revenue growth) and NFPMs are less easily manipulated by fraud perpetrators than financial statements, inconsistencies between NFPMs and financial performance measures may be indicative of higher fraud risk. We find that the differences between NFPMs and financial measures are significantly greater for fraud firms than their competitors (non-fraud firms). In short, for fraud-firms, NFPMs did not support the growth communicated by their financial statements. We also find these inconsistencies between NFPMs and financial measures appear to be a significant fraud indicator when included in models containing financial measures that have been previously linked to the likelihood of fraud. Therefore, our results empirically show that auditors may benefit from considering factors outside of the financial statements and including NFPMs in their analyses of fraud.
Spontaneous regenerative activity in mammalian retinal bipolar cells: Roles of multiple subtypes of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels

Patch-clamp recordings were used to investigate the properties of the regenerative activity in acutely isolated bipolar cells from the rat retina. Spontaneous, pacemaker-like membrane potential oscillations were observed in all rod bipolar cells and the majority of cone bipolar cells. The waveform of the regenerative potential was stereotypical but distinct among different bipolar cell groups, especially between rod and cone bipolar cells. The spontaneous activity was completely blocked by Co2+, suggesting that Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels was required for initiating such activity. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, however, was not found to be involved. The spontaneous activity was also blocked by mibefradil, a T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist. In contrast, application of nimodipine, an L-type Ca2+ current antagonist, affected mainly the waveform of the regenerative potential. This study shows that mammalian retinal bipolar cells in isolation are also capable of generating Ca2+-dependent spontaneous regenerative potential. However, T-type Ca2+ channels appear to be essential for the initiation of the spontaneous activity in mammalian bipolar cells.
RAPID: Collaboration results from three NASA centers in commanding/monitoring lunar assets

Three NASA centers are working together to address the challenge of operating robotic assets in support of human exploration of the Moon. This paper describes the combined work to date of the Ames Research Center (ARC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Johnson Space Center (JSC) on a common support framework to control and monitor lunar robotic assets. We discuss how we have addressed specific challenges including time-delayed operations, and geographically distributed collaborative monitoring and control, to build an effective architecture for integrating a heterogeneous collection of robotic assets into a common work. We describe the design of the Robot Application Programming Interface Delegate (RAPID) architecture that effectively addresses the problem of interfacing a family of robots including the JSC Chariot, ARC K-10 and JPL ATHLETE rovers. We report on lessons learned from the June 2008 field test in which RAPID was used to monitor and control all of these assets. We conclude by discussing some future directions to extend the RAPID architecture to add further support for NASA's lunar exploration program.
Very high speed and low voltage open-loop dual edge triggered sample and hold circuit in 0.18μm CMOS technology

A very high speed and low voltage open-loop dual edge triggered sample and hold (S/H) circuit is proposed. Using a high speed and low voltage multiplexer (MUX) and employing simple and efficient switches the proposed sample and hold circuit can operate with a sampling rates of about 5 GS/s making it suitable for high-speed analog-to-digital converters and wired-line communication systems. Designed in a 0. 18μm CMOS process and under a supply voltage of 1 V, it consumes approximately 106 μW for a 125 MHz input sinusoidal signal with a 0.8V peak-to-peak swing at mentioned sampling rate using a 2.5 GHz clock signal.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Transforming Growth Factor β Type II Receptor Gene by Histone Acetyltransferase and Deacetylase Is Mediated by NF-Y in Human Breast Cancer Cells*

Transcriptional repression of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor (TβRII) gene is one of several mechanisms leading to TGF-β resistance. Previously, we have shown that MS-275, a synthetic inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), specifically induces the expression of theTβRII gene and restores the TGF-β signaling in human breast cancer cell lines. However, little is known about the mechanism by which inhibition of HDAC activates TβRII expression. MS-275 treatment of cells expressing a wild-type TβRIIpromoter/luciferase construct resulted in a 10-fold induction of the promoter activity. DNA transfection and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the induction of the TβRIIpromoter by MS-275 requires the inverted CCAAT box and its cognate binding protein, NF-Y. In addition, a DNA affinity pull-down assay indicated that the PCAF protein, a transcriptional coactivator with intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, is specifically recruited to the NF-Y complex in the presence of either MS-275 or trichostatin A. Based on these results, we suggest that treatment with the HDAC inhibitor induces TβRII promoter activity by the recruitment of the PCAF protein to the NF-Y complex, interacting with the inverted CCAAT box in the TβRIIpromoter.
The Equine Herpesvirus 1 IR6 Protein That Colocalizes with Nuclear Lamins Is Involved in Nucleocapsid Egress and Migrates from Cell to Cell Independently of Virus Infection

ABSTRACT The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) IR6 protein forms typical rod-like structures in infected cells, influences virus growth at elevated temperatures, and determines the virulence of EHV-1 Rac strains (Osterrieder et al., Virology 226:243–251, 1996). Experiments to further elucidate the functions and properties of the IR6 protein were conducted. It was shown that the IR6 protein of wild-type RacL11 virus colocalizes with nuclear lamins very late in infection as demonstrated by confocal laser scan microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. In contrast, the mutated IR6 protein encoded by the RacM24 strain did not colocalize with the lamin proteins at any time postinfection (p.i.). Electron microscopical examinations of ultrathin sections were performed on cells infected at 37 and 40°C, the latter being a temperature at which the IR6-negative RacH virus and the RacM24 virus are greatly impaired in virus replication. These analyses revealed that nucleocapsid formation is efficient at 40°C irrespective of the virus strain. However, whereas cytoplasmic virus particles were readily observed at 16 h p.i. in cells infected with the wild-type EHV-1 RacL11 or an IR6-recombinant RacH virus (HIR6-1) at 40°C, virtually no capsid translocation to the cytoplasm was obvious in RacH- or RacM24-infected cells at the elevated temperature, demonstrating that the IR6 protein is involved in nucleocapsid egress. Transient transfection assays using RacL11 or RacM24 IR6 plasmid DNA and COS7 or Rk13 cells, infection studies using a gB-negative RacL11 mutant (L11ΔgB) which is deficient in direct cell-to-cell spread, and studies using lysates of IR6-transfected cells demonstrated that the wild-type IR6 protein is transported from cell to cell in the absence of virus infection and can enter cells by a yet unknown mechanism.
Time-dependent defect spectroscopy for characterization of border traps in metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors

We introduce the time-dependent defect spectroscopy (TDDS) for the analysis of a particular class of oxide defects known as ``border traps. '' These defects have a fundamental impact on the behavior of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors and are commonly linked to the occurrence of random-telegraph noise, $1/f$ noise, and slow charging transients. The TDDS naturally extends the successful deep-level transient spectroscopy as it extracts both the capture and emission time constants. Analysis proceeds via the so-called spectral maps, which separate individual border traps by their characteristic times and their voltage step height. In contrast to standard random-telegraph noise analysis methods, where uncorrelated capture and emission events of only a few traps can already create convoluted noise patterns, the synchronization by the charging pulse yields the spectral maps, which allow for the analysis of a large number of defect occupancies in a single measurement. As a consequence, the TDDS allows us to monitor the defect parameters over exceptionally wide temperature and bias ranges.
Psychological Well-Being in Women with Heart Failure: Can Social Roles Make a Difference?

I performed this study to examine whether the quality of women's social roles influences the impact of heart failure (HF) on their psychological well-being. Survey questionnaires measuring social role quality, physical health, and psychological well-being were completed by 169 midlife, older, and late-life women. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that, after controlling for age, income, and physical health, social role quality accounted for a significant proportion of variance in multiple well-being outcomes. The quality of women's social roles may be an important consideration in the development of interventions to help women with HF live satisfying and productive lives.
Itchy skin--a clinical problem for haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Uraemic pruritus affects many patients receiving chronic dialysis therapy for end-stage renal disease. It is a distressing symptom which has a negative impact on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. The condition is also very frustrating for both patients and physicians since no effective treatment for relief of the itch has been demonstrated. The pathophysiological mechanisms of pruritus are mainly unknown despite several hypotheses presented. Recent concepts refer to changes in the opioidergic system and derangements of the immune system. METHODS In the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study (DOPPS I, 1996-2001) pruritus was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. The relationship of pruritus to morbidity, mortality, QoL, sleep quality and patient biochemical laboratory data was studied in >200 randomly selected haemodialysis (HD) facilities in seven countries. Pruritus data were collected from >6000 HD patients. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, race, Kt/V, haemoglobin, serum albumin, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, 13 comorbidities, depression, years on dialysis, country and facility clustering effects. RESULTS Moderate-to-extreme itch was observed in 46% of prevalent HD patients. Differences in pruritus prevalence were found between countries (ranging from 38% in France to 55% in Italy) and facilities (5-75%). Pruritus was more common in patients on HD >3 months than in patients starting HD. A number of patients' serum characteristics, including high calcium, phosphorous and calcium x phosphorous product levels, were significantly associated with pruritus. Patients with moderate-to-severe pruritus were more likely to feel washed out and to have poor sleep quality, physician-diagnosed depression and a reduced QoL than patients with no or mild pruritus. A significant 15% higher mortality risk was observed in pruritic HD patients but this significance was not seen after adjusting the data for sleep quality measures. CONCLUSIONS The self-reported prevalence of pruritus in HD patients is relatively high, 40-50%. Pruritus is associated with poor outcomes and a higher mortality risk, probably attributed to poor sleep quality. Better therapeutic treatments are needed for relief of distressing uraemic itching in HD patients.
Chemistry and pharmacology of the citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin

Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by‐product of Citrus cultivation. A deficiency of this substance in the diet has been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness as well as pain in the extremities causing aches, weakness and night leg cramps. No signs of toxicity have been observed with the normal intake of hesperidin or related compounds.
Isolation and characterization of a novel transcription factor that binds to and activates insulin control element-mediated expression

Pancreatic beta-cell-type-specific transcription of the insulin gene is principally regulated by a single cis-acting DNA sequence element, termed the insulin control element (ICE), which is found within the 5'-flanking region of the gene. The ICE activator is a heteromeric complex composed of an islet alpha/beta-cell-specific factor associated with the ubiquitously distributed E2A-encoded proteins (E12, E47, and E2-5). We describe the isolation and characterization of a cDNA for a protein present in alpha and beta cells, termed INSAF for insulin activator factor, which binds to and activates ICE-mediated expression. INSAF was isolated from a human insulinoma cDNA library. Transfection experiments demonstrated that INSAF activates ICE expression in insulin-expressing cells but not in non-insulin-expressing cells. Cotransfection experiments showed that activation by INSAF was inhibited by Id, a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein function. INSAF was also shown to associate in vitro with the bHLH protein E12. In addition, affinity-purified INSAF antiserum abolished the formation of the activator-specific ICE-binding complex. Immunohistochemical studies indicate that INSAF is restricted in terms of its expression pattern, in that INSAF appears to be detected only within the nuclei of islet pancreatic alpha and beta cells. All of these data are consistent with the proposal that INSAF is either part of the ICE activator or is antigenically related to the specific activator required for insulin gene transcription.
Alberto sols, teacher and mentor of spanish biochemists (1917–1989)

Biochemistry in Spain owes much to the figure of Alberto Sols. In words of Nobel Prize winner Severo Ochoa: “He has been the first scientist to establish successfully biochemistry in Spain. ” His intellectual rigour, care in experimental design, emphasis on quality, and attention to the presentation of results permeated far beyond his inner circle to the then fledging Spanish biochemical community. It would be difficult to find some Spanish biochemist of the generation that now starts to retire who has not been influenced in a way or another by the work of Sols. However, it is also likely that the new generations of biochemists and molecular biologists in the country ignore who was Sols and what their field owns to him. The following lines try to highlight some key points of his scientific biography, the circumstances in which they took place and the state of the corresponding research area at that moment. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Sudden Death Owing to Right Atrial Hemangioma *

Abstract: Primary cardiac tumors are rare, with an autopsy incidence of 0.03%. Seventy‐nine percent to 85% of primary cardiac tumors are benign, and of the benign tumors, cardiac hemangiomas account for 5–10% of cases. Most cardiac hemangiomas are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally at autopsy, or by echocardiography, computerized tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. We report a case of sudden death owing to cardiac hemangioma in a 22‐year‐old woman who collapsed while shopping and became unresponsive. The autopsy revealed a hemorrhagic mass on the surface of the right atrium which was infiltrating and replacing the wall of the right atrium; histopathological examination confirmed the tumor was a cavernous hemangioma. Fewer than 20 cases of right atrial cavernous hemangiomas have been reported in English literature, emphasizing the rarity of our case.
Benzyl N-(4-pyridyl)carbamate

The title compound, C13H12N2O2, was obtained by the reaction of 4-aminopyridine and benzyl chloroformate in tetrahydrofuran. The crystal structure contains N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between two unique molecules within layers and antiparallel C—O⋯O—C interactions [O⋯O = 3.06 (3) Å] between the two molecules of the asymmetric unit.
Pleuropulmonary Complications of Enteral Tube Feedings *

nteral tube feeding of the chronically ill malnourished patient or those requiring short-term supplementation during an acute illness provides an attractive alternative to intravenous alimentation. The ease ofinsertion ofthe feeding tube and the paucity of complications in comparison with the myriad of adverse effects known to occur with central hyperalimentation are important “ Changing of intravenous catheters, recommended during periods of bacteremia or sepsis, is unnecessary with enteral feeding tubes. Administration oflarge volumes of fluid, hyperglycemia, and thrombosis of large vessels are potential problems associated with hyperalimentation and not commonly with enteral feeding. Pleuropulmonary complications of enteral feeding tubes have been reported. 9 We recently observed two patients who had narrow-bore nasogastric tubes passed beyond intact tracheostomy tubes and into the pleural space. It is the purpose of this report to describe this previously undocumented complication of enteral tube feeding and to discuss the pleuropulmonary complications that can occur and the predisposing factors that can lead to problems with enteral feeding.
The Use of Generalized Characteristic Modes in the Design of MIMO Antennas

An extended polarization-dependent generalized characteristic-mode theory for a radiating structure is given. We show how these modes can be computed and employed in the design of closely located multiple-input multiple-output multiantenna sets with low interantenna envelope correlation and good mean effective gain under realistic incoming power distribution scenarios found in mobile communications.
Influence of the Source Composition on the Analog Performance Parameters of Vertical Nanowire-TFETs

The goal of this paper is to study the analog performance parameters of tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) with different source compositions and process conditions. The experimental matrix included devices with either a 100% silicon or Si1-xGex source, so that the germanium amount at the source/channel interface could be correlated with the prevailing transport mechanism and its impact on transconductance (gm), output conductance (gDS), and early voltage (VEA) could be analyzed. The used process conditions were highlighted by comparing a reference split with no Si passivation to the cases with 12 and 18 Si monolayers to determine their influence on the interface trap density and eventual reduction of the traps in the gate oxide. All these process parameters enable to make conclusions on the intrinsic voltage gain (AV) and the low-frequency noise. Based on these results, the suitability of each type of TFET has been discussed, revealing that 100% Si may still be considered
A First Course in Multivariate Statistics

1. Why Multivariate Statistics? - 2. Joint Distribution of Several Random Variables. - 3. The Multivariate Normal Distribution. - 4. Parameter Estimation. - 5. Discrimination and Classification, Round 1. - 6. Statistical Inference for Means. - 7. Discrimination and Classification, Round 2. - 8. Linear Principal Component Analysis. - 9. Normal Mixtures. - Appendix: Selected Results From Matrix Algebra. - A.0. Preliminaries. - A.1. Partitioned Matrices. - A.2. Positive Definite Matrices. - A.3. The Cholesky Decomposition. - A.4. Vector and Matrix Differentiation. - A.5. Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues. - A.6. Spectral Decomposition of Symmetric Matrices. - A.7. The Square Root of a Positive Definite Symmetric Matrix. - A.8. Orthogonal Projections on Lines and Planes. - A.9. Simultaneous Decomposition of Two Symmetric Matrices.
An overview of recent developments in the treatment of heart failure: update from the ESC Congress 2013

The European Society of Cardiology held their annual congress in Amsterdam between the 31st of August and 4 September 2013 to discuss the latest developments in the field. The meeting included an update of the latest treatments currently under investigation for the treatment of heart failure. Updates were provided on the RELAX-AHF study that had, for the first time, demonstrated an improvement in post-discharge outcome in patients with acute heart failure treated with seralaxin. The meeting also gave the opportunity to highlight the latest goings on from the promising agent omecamtiv mecarbil as shown in the ATOMIC-AHF study. Indeed, its unique inotropic effect showed a potential to improve dyspnea without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. Other presentations at the meeting included: a recent study evaluating ultrafiltration in the treatment of acute HF with renal impairment and the effects of the vasodilator cinaciguat. The unremarkable results from the recent ASTRONAUT study with aliskiren were also touched upon. It is important to note that while the data from seralaxin and omecamtiv mecarbil has been promising, the long term benefits of these therapies in heart failure still need to be evaluated. The authors also highlight the need for these promising agents to be further evaluated in women and other ethnic groups.