Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers among HIV-1-infected individuals in France between 1997 and 2009: results from a French cohort

Objectives:Improved survival among HIV-infected individuals after the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) had drawn attention on non-AIDS-defining cancers. We evaluated the incidence and risk trends of lung cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, liver and anal cancers, focusing on patients with CD4+ cell recovery and age at diagnosis, by comparison with the general population. Design:Cohort study. Methods:Standardized incidence rates were calculated in the HIV-infected individuals followed in the FHDH and the general population in France in 1997–2000, 2001–2004, and 2005–2009. We estimated standardized incidence ratios for each period and for patients with CD4+ cell count at least 500 cells/&mgr;l for at least 2 years on cART. Results:Among the 84 504 HIV-infected individuals, the risk of lung and anal cancers fell during the cART era, whereas that of Hodgkin's lymphoma and liver cancer remained stable. In 2005–2009, the standardized incidence ratios for lung cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, liver and anal cancers were, respectively, 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5–3.1], 26.5 (95% CI 23.2–30.1), 10.9 (95% CI 9.6–12.3) and 79.3 (95% CI 69.5–90.1). Among patients with CD4+ cell recovery on cART, the risk was close to that of the general population for lung cancer, nine-fold higher for Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 2.4-fold higher for liver cancer. Age at diagnosis was significantly younger among HIV-infected individuals for lung cancer (−3.3 years), Hodgkin's lymphoma (−1 year) and liver cancer (−10.1 years). Conclusion:HIV-infected patients were at a higher risk for the four cancers over 1997–2009. CD4+ cell recovery appears to control the excess risk of lung cancer. For liver cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma, our results suggest that CD4+ should never drop below 500/&mgr;l 500 cells/&mgr;l to avoid the excess risk.
Sensorimotor transformation in cat nociceptive withdrawal reflex system

The withdrawal reflex system of higher vertebrates has been extensively used as a model for spinal sensorimotor integration, nociceptive processing and plasticity. In the rat, the nociceptive withdrawal reflex system appears to have a modular organization. Each reflex module controls a single muscle or a few synergistic muscles, and its cutaneous receptive field corresponds to the skin area withdrawn upon contraction of the effector muscle(s) when the limb is in the standing position. This organization principle is at odds with the ‘flexion reflex’ concept postulated from cat studies. To assess the generality of the modular organization principle we have therefore re‐examined the cutaneous input to the withdrawal reflex system of the cat. The cutaneous receptive fields of hindlimb and forelimb muscles were mapped using calibrated noxious pinch stimulation and electromyographic recording technique in barbiturate anaesthetized animals. The investigated muscles had specific cutaneous receptive fields that appeared to correspond to the area of the skin withdrawn upon contraction of the muscle when the limb is in the standing position. The spatial organization of receptive fields in the cat was similar to that in the rat. However, differences in gain properties of reflexes to some anatomically equivalent muscles in the two species were observed, possibly reflecting adaptations to the biomechanics characteristic of the digitigrade and plantigrade stance in cats and rats, respectively. Implications of the findings for the generality of the modular organization of the withdrawal reflex system and for its adaptive properties are discussed.
A 2-step non-surgical procedure and systemic antibiotics in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis.

BACKGROUND In the last few years knowledge about periodontal infections has increased enormously, nevertheless practitioners are still seeking guidelines for suitable treatment concepts. METHODS The aim of this study was to examine the effect of doxycycline, metronidazole, and clindamycin used adjunctively in a 2-step nonsurgical procedure in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). The first step included scaling, root planing, and polishing (SRP) in each quadrant using 4 to 5 visits. The second step included full-mouth enhanced root planing (RP) and wound dressing in 1 or 2 visits after SRP and the beginning of antibiotic therapy. Forty-eight patients (mean age 32.4 years) with generalized RPP, with an average of 16 sites with probing depths (PD) deeper than 8 mm, and high counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis were randomly assigned to 4 different groups: group 1 (doxycycline) n = 12, group 2 (metronidazole) n = 15, group 3 (clindamycin) n = 11, and group 4 (control group; no antibiotic treatment) n = 10. Clinical evaluations, including plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bacteriological and crevicular cell sampling, were done at baseline (BL), 3 weeks after SRP, and 6 and 24 months after RP. RESULTS After the first step (SRP), we observed an improvement of PI and SBI in all 4 groups, but did not see any statistically significant PD reduction 3 weeks after SRP compared to baseline. However, 6 and 24 months after the second step (RP) we observed a significantly greater reduction of PD in groups 2 and 3 and a significantly greater CAL gain in comparison to groups 1 and 4. After 24 months, the attachment level gain in group 1 and group 4 was less than 1.5 mm, and less than 1.0 mm in PD site categories 6 to 9 mm and >9 mm. PI showed no significant difference between the groups throughout the period after SRP until 24 months, compared to 3 weeks after SRP. SBI decreased most in the metronidazole and clindamycin groups. P. gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were almost completely eradicated in these 2 groups 24 months after RP. In addition, the phagocytotic capacity of crevicular polymorphonuclear neutrophils was increased in groups 2 and 3 after the second step. CONCLUSIONS The present results show that metronidazole and clindamycin are effective antibiotics when used adjunctively in a 2-step nonsurgical procedure of scaling and root planing in RPP patients.
Diet Quality Measures and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in France: Applying the Healthy Eating Index to the SU.VI.MAX Study

Objective: To examine associations between diet quality measures, lifestyle variables, and cardiovascular risk factors in a large cohort of French adults. Methods: Participants were 5,081 French men and women aged 35-61 y, voluntarily enrolled in a long-term clinical trial of cancer and CVD prevention (SU.VI.MAX study). Participants provided 12 days of dietary recalls. Data on heights, weights, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were obtained from clinic visits. Statistical Analysis: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were calculated for each participant. The association between dietary and lifestyle variables and health was tested using analyses of variance and regression models in a cross sectional design. Results: Mean age was 51.7 y for men and 47.0 y for women. Mean body mass index (BMI) values were 24.9 for men and 22.6 for women. Obesity rate was 4% and cardiovascular risk factors were low. Mean percent energy from fat was 37% (saturated fat 16%) and very few respondents met US dietary guidelines for fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Higher diet quality, as indexed by HEI scores, was associated with being older, married, better educated, physically active, and having never smoked. For men only, higher HEI scores were weakly associated with lower BMI and lower blood pressure. HEI was not associated with plasma lipid measures. Conclusions: In this sample of adult men and women in France, higher HEI scores were associated with healthier lifestyles and higher socioeconomic status. However, HEI scores were only weakly linked to health parameters or to body weight. Linking diet quality to health outcomes is a continuing challenge.
Does work stress predict insomnia? A prospective study.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the one-year development of self-reported sleep problems in workers with no sleep problem at baseline, and to evaluate the role of work stress in the etiology of a new episode. DESIGN A prospective design was employed. METHODS A total of 816 employees with no sleeping problems during the past three months completed a baseline questionnaire concerning their general health, working hours and working conditions. One year later they were contacted again to ascertain whether they were experiencing problems sleeping. RESULTS At the follow-up, the three-month point prevalence of self-reported sleep problems for this population was 14.3%. While controlling for age and gender, it was found that irregular working hours and general health were not significantly related to the development of a new episode of sleeping problems. However, stress in the form of a 'poor' psychosocial work environment increased the risk of a new episode by more than twofold (odds ratio 2:15). The attributable fraction suggested that eliminating stress could prevent 53% of the cases. CONCLUSION In a population of employees with no reported sleeping problems, 14.3% developed a sleeping problem during the coming year. Even when controlling for possible confounders, stress in the form of a 'poor' psychosocial work environment doubled the risk of developing a sleep problem.
Integration design of fuzzy system using genetic algorithm for improvement of voltage profile with Static VAR compensator

This paper proposed control of static VAR compensator (SVC) for improvement of voltage profile with fuzzy controller that tuned with genetic algorithm. Our method integrated two design stages; determinations of membership function and rules consequent parameters, because these stages may not be independent, it's important to consider them simultaneously to obtain optimal fuzzy systems. We present new method for insert genetic algorithm into fuzzy controller designation for non-linear and variable system. System equation is non-linear and not-clear and we can't use usual method for designation. We used from MATLAB simulator, for our simulations.
Differential Control of Morning and Evening Components in the Activity Rhythm of Drosophila melanogaster—Sex-Specific Differences Suggest a Different Quality of Activity

The rhythms of locomotor activity of male and virgin or mated female flies were compared in the Drosophila melanogaster wild-type strains Canton S, Berlin, and Oregon R . Under light-dark conditions, most flies showed a bimodal activity pattern with a morning peak around lights-on and an evening peak before lights-off. For all strains, a distinct sexual dimorphism was observed in the phase of the morning peak. Males had a significantly earlier morning peak than females and consequently a larger phase angle between morning and evening peak ([.Psi]m, e). Under constant dark conditions, the morning component merged with the evening component to a unimodal activity band in about half of the flies. In those flies who maintained bimodality, the sex-specific difference in [. Psi]m, e disappeared. Other sex-specific differences were now apparent: Males showed a shorter free running period than females, and in two of the three strains, females were more active than males. Morning and evening components seem to contribute to the free-running period. Spontaneous or externally provoked change in [. Psi]m, e were correlated with period changes. In some flies, the morning and the evening components showed splitting, indicating that they are the output of two different oscillators. The sexual dimorphism in the phase of the morning peak under LDconditions suggests that the function of activity during morning and evening peak might be different, for example, during the morning peak, males are active to find females. Overall, the results underline the multioscillatory nature of Drosophila's circadian system.
Magnets faults characterization for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Nowadays Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) are an attractive alternative to induction machines for a variety of applications due to their higher efficiency, power density and wide constant power speed range. In this context the condition monitoring of magnets status is receiving more and more attention since is critical for industrial applications. This paper presents a characterization of rotor faults for such a motor due to local and uniform demagnetization by means of two dimensional (2-D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and proposes a new non-invasive method for their detection by means of a Fourier transform of the back-EMF. The proposed approach is then validated for three Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with different winding configurations.
Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies.

AIMS With negative treatment trials, the role of depression as an aetiological or prognostic factor in coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. We quantified the effect of depression on CHD, assessing the extent of confounding by coronary risk factors and disease severity. METHODS AND RESULTS Meta-analysis of cohort studies measuring depression with follow-up for fatal CHD/incident myocardial infarction (aetiological) or all-cause mortality/fatal CHD (prognostic). We searched MEDLINE and Science Citation Index until December 2003. In 21 aetiological studies, the pooled relative risk of future CHD associated with depression was 1.81 (95% CI 1.53-2.15). Adjusted results were included for 11 studies, with adjustment reducing the crude effect marginally from 2.08 (1.69-2.55) to 1.90 (1.49-2.42). In 34 prognostic studies, the pooled relative risk was 1.80 (1.50-2.15). Results adjusted for left ventricular function result were available in only eight studies; and this attenuated the relative risk from 2.18 to 1.53 (1.11-2.10), a 48% reduction. Both aetiological and prognostic studies without adjusted results had lower unadjusted effect sizes than studies from which adjusted results were included (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Depression has yet to be established as an independent risk factor for CHD because of incomplete and biased availability of adjustment for conventional risk factors and severity of coronary disease.
A 60 GHz millimeter-wave MMIC chipset for broadband wireless access system front-end

This paper presents a complete 60 GHz millimeter-wave MMIC chipset for broadband wireless access system. This chipset consists of a low noise amplifier, a power amplifier, an up-converter, a down-converter, a quadrupler and an SPDT switch. Frequency range of these MMICs is from 55 GHz to 64 GHz, this frequency covers the entire 60 GHz application band.
Comparison of advance intelligence algorithms for maximum power point tracking

In order to mitigate the detrimental impact of energy generation through fossil fuel on environment, the world is continually moving towards more and more use of Renewable Energy Technologies (RET). Amongst RETs Photovoltaic (PV) energy now has become most attractive as it is abundantly available and presently commercially comparable to conventional energy. To extract maximum power from PV arrays Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are used. However, conventional MPPT algorithms perform well in uniform irradiance condition but ineffective in partial shaded condition (PSC). This demands development of efficient optimization techniques which are capable of seeking the global maximum power point effectively in PV systems under PSC. In the paper, performance comparison of conventional MPPT techniques (Perturb and Observe and Incremental Conductance) and techniques using advanced intelligence algorithms (Particle Swarm Optimization and Fire Fly) has been done under uniform irradiance and PSC in terms of efficiency, convergence speed, oscillations in output etc.
A framework for elderly support in smart cities

Our work describes a Smart Home Framework to be used in Smart Cities. In our days, the rapid growth rate of the elderly population makes it necessary to find smart solutions in order to extend the safe home stay of the individual as much as can be. Our framework allows city designers and developers to focus on building the unique features for the Smart City, improving the simplicity of sensors and application placement in the Smart Home, load-balancing the requests' load between similar operators, reacting quickly to the user needs and creating a greener Smart City.
Contribution of tonic chemoreflex activation to sympathetic activity and blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We tested the hypothesis that tonic activation of excitatory chemoreceptor afferents contributes to the elevated sympathetic activity in OSA. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled design, we examined the effects of chemoreflex deactivation (by comparing effects of breathing 100% oxygen for 15 minutes with effects of breathing room air for 15 minutes) on MSNA, heart rate, blood pressure, and minute ventilation in 14 untreated patients with OSA and in 12 normal subjects matched for age and body mass index. All control subjects underwent overnight polysomnography to exclude the existence of occult OSA. Baseline MSNA was markedly elevated in the patients with OSA compared with the control subjects (44+/-4 versus 30+/-3 bursts per minute; P=.01). In both control subjects and patients with OSA, heart rate decreased during administration of 100% oxygen but did not change during administration of room air. By contrast, both MSNA (P=.008) and mean arterial pressure (P=.02) were significantly reduced during chemoreflex deactivation by 100% oxygen only in patients with OSA but not in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Tonic activation of excitatory chemoreflex afferents may contribute to increased efferent sympathetic activity to muscle circulation in patients with OSA.
Mechanisms of pre‐B‐cell receptor checkpoint control and its oncogenic subversion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Pre‐B cells within the bone marrow represent the normal counterpart for most acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). During normal early B‐cell development, survival and proliferation signals are dominated by cytokines, particularly interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) for murine developing B cells. With expression of a functional pre‐B‐cell receptor (BCR), cytokine signaling is attenuated and the tonic/autonomous pre‐BCR signaling pathway provides proliferation as well as differentiation signals. In this review, we first describe checkpoint mechanisms during normal B‐cell development and then discuss how genetic lesions in these pathways function as oncogenic mimicries and allow transformed pre‐B cells to bypass checkpoint control. We focus on cytokine receptor signaling that is mimicked by activating lesions in receptor subunits or downstream mediators as well as aberrant activation of non‐B lymphoid cytokine receptors. Furthermore, we describe the molecular switch from cytokine receptor to pre‐BCR signaling, how this pathway is of particular importance for certain ALL subtypes, and how pre‐BCR signaling is engaged by genetic lesions, such as BCR‐ABL1. We discuss the transcriptional control mechanisms downstream of both cytokine‐ and pre‐BCR signaling and how normal checkpoint control mechanisms are circumvented in pre‐B ALL. Finally, we highlight new therapeutic concepts for targeted inhibition of oncogenic cytokine or pre‐BCR signaling pathways.
ASSESSMENT OF THE MAGNITUDE OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG TEENAGE FEMALES VISITING ASSOSA GENERAL HOSPITAL.

BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancy is directly related to high incidence of pregnancy related complications contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality and social problems. There are no enough data on teenage pregnancy and related complications in Ethiopia and in Benishangul Gumuz region in particular. OBJECTIVE To investigate the magnitude and factors associated with teenage pregnancy among teenage females visiting Assosa general hospital for health care services. METHODS Facility-based quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out among 783 randomly selected teenage females using structured and pre-tested questionnaire from January to April 2014. RESULTS Teenage pregnancy is estimated at 20.4% in this study. The median age of subjects at first sexual intercourse and at first marriage being 16 and 17 years respectively. High proportion of (46.8%) teenagers had engaged in premarital sex. Among sexually active teenage females, 46.7% experienced their first sexual encounter by coercion. Being young [AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06-0.67], single [AOR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.03-0.12], housemaid [AOR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.71-9.04] and use of family planning [AOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.20-4.75] have statistically significant association with teenage pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A range offactors including age, marital status, level of education, occupational status, average family income and use of family planning have influence on teenage pregnancy in the study area. Behavioral change communication, strengthening school health program, empowering young women specifically the rural women, and promoting parent-children discussion on sexuality is recommended.
Expression Analysis of Glycerol Synthesis–Related Liver Transcripts in Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) Exposed to a Controlled Decrease in Temperature

Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) accumulate high glycerol levels to avoid freezing at subzero temperatures. Glyceroneogenesis is activated by low temperature and occurs in liver via a branch in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In this study, carbohydrate and liver transcript levels of 21 genes potentially associated with glycerol production were assessed during a controlled warm to cold transition. Smelt were held at 8°C (warm smelt; non–glycerol accumulating) or subjected to a controlled decrease in water temperature from 8° to 0°C (cold smelt; glycerol accumulating) and sampled at the end of the temperature decrease and 1 mo later. In cold smelt compared with warm smelt, liver glycogen levels were lower and phosphoglucomutase transcript levels were higher. Plasma glycerol levels were higher and increased over time in cold smelt; in cold smelt, liver phosphofructokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase transcript levels increased over time. These findings imply that glycerol production is being fueled by glycogen degradation and inhibition of pyruvate oxidation serves to channel metabolic flux toward glycerol as opposed to complete glycolysis. Plasma glucose and liver glucose-6-phosphatase transcript levels were higher. Lipoprotein lipase transcript levels were higher, suggesting enhanced lipid breakdown to fuel energy metabolism. Glutamine synthetase transcript levels were higher, perhaps to store nitrogen for biosynthesis in spring.