Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fachrichtung 6 . 1 – Mathematik Preprint Nr . 381 Signal recovery via TV-type energies

We consider one-dimensional variants of the classical first order total variation denoising model introduced by Rudin, Osher and Fatemi. This study is based on our previous work on various denoising and inpainting problems in image analysis, where we applied variational methods in arbitrary dimensions. More than being just a special case, the one-dimensional setting allows us to study regularity properties of minimizers by more subtle methods that do not have correspondences in higher dimensions. In particular, we obtain quite strong regularity results for a class of data functions that contains many of the standard examples from signal processing such as rectangleor triangle signals as a special case. An analysis of the related Euler-Lagrange equation, which turns out to be a second order two-point boundary value problem with Neumann conditions, by ODE methods completes the picture of our investigation.
Ventilation of the North Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum: A comparison between simulated and observed radiocarbon ages

The distribution of radiocarbon during simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum with a coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model is compared with sediment core measurements from the equatorial Atlantic Ceara Rise, Blake Ridge, Caribbean Sea, and South China Sea. During these simulations we introduce a perturbation of North Atlantic freshwater fluxes leading to varying strengths of the Atlantic meridional overturning. The best fit with the observations is obtained for an overturning weakened by 40% compared with today. Further, we simulate the phenomenon of an “age reversal” found in deep sea corals, but we suggest that this indicates rather a sudden interruption of deep water formation instead of an increase in ventilation, which was suggested earlier.
A vector voltmeter using DFT based on the FPGA chip for the impedance spectroscopy analyzer

In the paper, a new concept of a vector voltmeter for the impedance spectroscopy analyzer is proposed. The voltmeter uses the digital signals processing method for determination of orthogonal parts of measurement signals. The Discrete Fourier Transform calculations are performed “on-the-fly”, successively with acquisition of measurement signals samples, without the need of storing samples in a memory, while assuring the high sampling frequency. The required processing power was supplied by a Spartan 3 FPGA chip. For Fourier transform calculation, the sine pattern stored in the FPGA and 4 identical block sets, a multiplier and an accumulator, were created by Core Generator and used. The previously used vector voltmeter solution was based on a DSP processor with additional circuits (CPLD chip, memories, buffers) and was replaced by a single FPGA chip solution. The selected FPGA offers enough resources and allows reducing the number of additional external components. The prototype of the proposed solution was realized using the FPGA evaluation board with an added module of A/D and D/A converters (Fig. 3). The analyzer was realized in a form of a virtual instrument, the control panel was created by software. The tests were performed on the reference resistors (Figs. 8 and 9). The prototype proved the concept. However, it requires further works. It is necessary to look for a more energy-efficient FPGA chip as well as to optimize the project in terms of powerconsumption minimization.
Dispelling Black Hole Pathologies Through Theory and Observation

Astrophysical black holes are by now routinely identified with metrics representing eternal black holes obtained as exact mathematical solutions of Einstein’s field equations. However, the mere existence and discovery of stationary solutions is no guarantee that they can be attained through dynamical processes. If a straightforward physical caveat is respected throughout a spacetime manifold then the ingress of matter across an event horizon is prohibited, in accordance with Einstein’s expectation. As black hole formation and growth would be inhibited, the various pathological traits of black holes such as information loss, closed timelike curves and singularities of infinite mass density would be obviated. Gravitational collapse would not terminate with the formation of black holes possessing event horizons but asymptotically slow as the maximal time dilation between any pair of worldlines tends towards infinity. The remnants might be better described as dark holes, often indistinguishable from black holes except in certain astrophysically important cases. The absence of trapped surfaces circumvents topological censorship, with potentially observable consequences for astronomy, as exemplified by the remarkable electromagnetic characteristics, extreme energetics and abrupt extinction of quasars within low redshift galaxies.
Evolution and Emergence : A Re-Evaluation of the “ New Synthesis ” 1

e modern obsession with methodological reductionism in some areas of biology is arguably a product of the exquisitely precise tools now available to dissect problems. Reductionist approaches assume that an understanding of atomized parts will be su#cient to approximate an understanding of the whole. Ironically, the sheer success of this approach and the consequent volume of data generated, particularly as a result of the genome projects, has made comprehension of the larger picture problematic. Consequently, historical patterns of more phenomenologically oriented analyses are re-emerging. "is impulse is not new: Gould and Lewontin (1979) argued for a less reductionist view of evolution. "ey argue that an intense focus upon individual traits risks confusing evolutionary selection with the indirect consequences of other architectural decisions. "ey also argued that the “baggage” of ancestral traits constrains future possibilities for profound change. "e “New Synthesis”, a more recent convergence of paleontology, evolutionary biology, genome science, and embryology provides fertile ground for their critique. New approaches to genome analysis and gene categorization have shown that profound inter-species similarities underlie a generic and robust body plan upon which variant morphologies are built. Moreover, phenomenologically oriented approaches have recently revealed functional and organizational similarities among diverse genomes that are indicative of large and preserved gene regulatory behaviours: genomes appear to be organized into similar regulatory blocks irrespective of species. "e implications of these recent discoveries suggest that emergent organizational and functional properties of genomes could impose big constraints upon morphological innovation. "ey might also explain some of the curious and profound examples of convergent evolution that puzzled Darwin.
A Deterministic Transmit Power Control for OFDM Clipping and Filtering

This paper proposes a deterministic approach employing transmit power control to overcome the BER degradation of OFDM clipping and filtering. The feature of the proposed method is to perform the transmit power control before clipping and filtering to prevent the nonlinear distortion due to clipping process and furthermore, the optimal transmit power is automatically controlled based in the signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) derived by the simple mathematical formula. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to straightforwardly improve the BER without any iterative process which is required in the conventional clipping and filtering method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in comparison with the traditional clipping and filtering method by means of computer simulations.
FORECASTING BY USING THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL

U članku je opisan model za kratkoročnu prognozu opterećenja primjenom umjetne neuronske mreže i njegova primjena na predviđanje opterećenja jednog konkretnog distribucijskog područja. Umjetne neuronske mreže koriste se najčešće za rješavanje problema klasifikacije i predviđanja kada su odnosi između ulaznih i izlaznih varijabli vrlo složeni i egzaktno teško opisivi. S obzirom na stohastičku prirodu i veliki utjecaj vremenskih prilika (temperatura, vlažnost, vjetar i dr.) na potrošnju električne energije, primjena umjetnih neuronskih mreža prikladna je za kratkoročno predviđanje opterećenja elektroenergetskog sustava. U članku su opisani korišteni modeli umjetnih neuronskih mreža za sezonsku i višestruku dnevnu prognozu opterećenja, te su prikazani rezultati predviđanja opterećenja jednog distribucijskog područja napajanog preko sabirnica transformatorske stanice 110/x u HEP Operator distribucijskog sustava Elektroslavonija (HEP ODS). The article describes a model for short-term load forecasting by using the artificial neural network, and its application to load forecasting for a concrete distribution area. The artificial neural networks are mostly used in solving the problems of classification and prediction when the relations between input and output variables are highly complex and hard to describe exactly. Considering the stochastic nature and the major impact of weather conditions (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.) on electricity consumption, the application of artificial neural networks is suitable for short-term forecasting the load of an electric power system (EPS). Furthermore, the article describes the used models of artificial neural networks for seasonal and multiple daily load forecasts and presents the load forecast results for a distribution area supplied over the busbars of the 110/x substation at the HEP Elekroslavonija Distribution System Operator (HEP ODS).
CMO1 Deficiency Abolishes Vitamin A Production from β-Carotene and Alters Lipid Metabolism in Mice*

Carotenoids are currently investigated regarding their potential to lower the risk of chronic disease and to combat vitamin A deficiency in humans. These plant-derived compounds must be cleaved and metabolically converted by intrinsic carotenoid oxygenases to support the panoply of vitamin A-dependent physiological processes. Two different carotenoid-cleaving enzymes were identified in mammals, the classical carotenoid-15,15′-oxygenase (CMO1) and a putative carotenoid-9′,10′-oxygenase (CMO2). To analyze the role of CMO1 in mammalian physiology, here we disrupted the corresponding gene by targeted homologous recombination in mice. On a diet providing β-carotene as major vitamin A precursor, vitamin A levels fell dramatically in several tissues examined. Instead, this mouse mutant accumulated the provitamin in large quantities (e.g. as seen by an orange coloring of adipose tissues). Besides impairments in β-carotene metabolism, CMO1 deficiency more generally interfered with lipid homeostasis. Even on a vitamin A-sufficient chow, CMO1-/- mice developed a fatty liver and displayed altered serum lipid levels with elevated serum unesterified fatty acids. Additionally, this mouse mutant was more susceptible to high fat diet-induced impairments in fatty acid metabolism. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-regulated marker genes related to adipogenesis was elevated in visceral adipose tissues. Thus, our study identifies CMO1 as the key enzyme for vitamin A production and provides evidence for a role of carotenoids as more general regulators of lipid metabolism.
Developing stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington’s disease

Stem cell therapies have been explored as a new avenue for the treatment of neurologic disease and damage within the CNS in part due to their native ability to mimic repair mechanisms in the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells have been of particular clinical interest due to their ability to release beneficial neurotrophic factors and their ability to foster a neuroprotective microenviroment. While early stem cell transplantation therapies have been fraught with technical and political concerns as well as limited clinical benefits, mesenchymal stem cell therapies have been shown to be clinically beneficial and derivable from nonembryonic, adult sources. The focus of this review will be on emerging and extant stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington’s disease.
WEBSITE CHARACTERISTICS AND WEBSITE SATISFACTION : ROLE OF COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether computer self-efficacy of the users has moderating effect on the relationship between website’s informativeness and entertainment properties, and website satisfaction. A conceptual framework exhibiting the above relationships was proposed and empirically tested. The websites identified by Shukla, Swami, and Sharma (2010) were used in the present paper. Data was collected through online survey and 500 valid responses were obtained. Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant results showing the moderating effect of computer self-efficacy on the relationship between website satisfaction and informativeness and entertainment properties of websites. The effect was more for entertainment properties than informativeness.
Chapter 2 Perceptual , Attentional , and Cognitive Heuristics That Interact with the Nature of Science to Complicate Public Understanding of Science

Effective communication of scientific findings is critical to sustaining an informed society that can make the best decisions from the science that it funds and that affects daily life. Yet, despite a scientist’s best intentions, attempts to communicate scientific results are often fraught with difficulty. Here, we draw together disparate strands of scholarship to argue that the patterns of perception, attention, and cognition, which guide how humans take in and deal with information, are typically at odds with the demands of processing complex scientific information and with how science produces knowledge. Scientists who hope to impact public understanding will benefit from an awareness of these human patterns, how they interact with understanding the nature of science, and what this means for presenting scientific information to the public.
Architecture of a low-power FPGA based on self-adaptive voltage control

This paper presents a low-power FPGA with multiple supply voltages. In the proposed FPGA, the supply voltage of each logic block is self-adaptive to the workload, data path and temperature to minimize the power consumption without system performance degradation. In the self-adaptive voltage control scheme, features of the asynchronous architecture are exploited. The data arrival of the asynchronous architecture can be easily detected by detecting the change of the data's phase. By exploiting this feature, the critical path can be detected in real time. Logic blocks on the non-critical path are autonomously switched to a lower supply voltage to reduce the power consumption.
[2009] A Stage-Level Recovery Scheme in Scalable Pipeline Modules for High Dependability

In the recent years, the increasing error rate has become one of the major impediments for the application of new process technologies in electronic devices like microprocessors. This thereby necessitates the research of fault toleration mechanisms from all device, micro-architecture and system levels to keep correct computation in future microprocessors, along the advances of process technologies.Space redundancy, as dual or triple modular redundancy (DMR or TMR), is widely used to tolerate errors with a negligible performance loss. In this paper, at the micro-architecture level, we propose a very fine-grained recovery scheme based on a DMR processor architecture to cover every transient error inside of the memory interface boundary. Our recovery method makes full use of the existing duplicated hardware in the DMR processor, which can avoid large hardware extension by not using checkpoint buffers in many fault-tolerable processors. The hardware-based recovery is achieved by dynamically triggering an instruction re-execution procedure in the next cycle after error detection, which indicates a near-zero performance impact to achieve an error-free execution.A TMR architecture is usually preferred as it provides a seamless error correction by a majority voting logic and therefore generates no recovery delay. With our fast recovery scheme at a low hardware cost, our result shows that even under a relatively high transient error rate, it is possible to only use a DMR architecture to detect/recover errors at a negligible performance cost. Our reliable processor is thus constructed to use a DMR execution with the fast recovery as its major working mode. It saves around 1/3 energy consumption from a traditional TMR architecture, while the transient error coverage is still maintained.
Croatian Linguistic System Modules Overview ( summary of software demonstration )

Abstract In this paper we show several segments of program solutions which are a part of the Croatian Linguistic System (CLS) that is being developed in several ways and aims at achieving the final integration of all modules. Although the system aims at programmatically connecting all areas of linguistics (from phonetics to discourse), in the demonstration we will show only the segments that are related to general lexicon building (which includes a standard and terminological dictionary of the Croatian language) and will be connected with online repositories and encyclopedias. These program segments are searching for neologisms in documents (i.e. words that have not been marked in the general lexicon), generating grammatical forms of such words if they are changeable and saving them into a lexicon, adding semantic markups (like morphosyntactic) characteristics, and, finally, monitoring Croatian words in space and time.
Update on Fatty Acid Digestion and Metabolism and Impacts on Milk Production

Recently, the effects of individual fatty acid (FA) on digestibility, metabolism, and production responses of dairy cows has received renewed attention. The addition of supplemental FA sources to diets is a common practice in dairy nutrition to increase dietary energy density and to support milk production. The ability to understand and model FA, the effects of individual FA, and different FA supplements on production parameters has direct impact on dairy industry recommendations and the usefulness of FA supplementation strategies. We will briefly review the biological processes and quantitative changes during the metabolism of FA in the rumen and the effect this has on FA availability to the dairy cow, the digestibility of these FA, and their overall impact on performance. Our emphasis in the current paper is on recent research supplementing palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and milk composition, and energy partitioning.
18 F-Fluoroestradiol Tumor Uptake Is Heterogeneous and Influenced by Site of Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients

1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; 2Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and 3Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Functional Evaluation of GJB 2 Variants in Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss

INTRODUCTION Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common sensory disorders, affecting 2–3 in 1,000 newborns. Mutations in the gap junction β2 (GJB2) gene encoding the connexin26 (CX26) protein, are responsible for approximately 50% of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic HL in many populations (1,2). To date, more than 150 different variants have been reported in GJB2 gene (3; http://davinci.crg.es/ deafness/) and the spectrum and prevalence of the mutations and polymorphisms in GJB2 gene vary significantly among different ethnic groups. The most frequent pathogenic mutations, c.35delG and c.167delT, account for 70% and 40% of GJB2-related HL in Caucasians and Ashkenazi Jews, respectively (4–7). In contrast, East Asian HL patients rarely display these mutations, but another single base pair deletion, c.235delC, is present in 7% to 12% of this group (8,9). Besides these mutations, p.V27I, p.M34T, p.V37I and p.E114G are reported most frequently in these populations, but the pathogenicity of these variants remains controversial (10–12). The p.M34T variant first was reported as a pathogenic mutation with a dominant effect, but this finding was questioned subsequently and the p.M34T was suggested to be a recessive mutation (13,14). The p.V37I was described originally as a nonpathogenic polymorphism, but recently this variant was proposed to be pathogenic and associated with mild HL (15,16). Recent biochemical, electrophysiological and genetic studies of p.M34T and p.V37I supported these suggestions (17,18). The p.V27I and p.E114G variants are very common, with allele frequencies of 28.3% and 18.3%, respectively, in the East Asian population (19–21). The p.V27I variant has been found alone or together with the p.E114G variant in East Asian individuals. In contrast, the p.E114G variant has been found together with the p.V27I variant in most cases, and these variants generally occur in cis configuration (22). Each of the p.V27I and p.E114G variants have been considered benign Functional Evaluation of GJB2 Variants in Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss
Morphologically conditioned V–Ø alternation in Hebrew

I argue in this paper that phonology plays a role in enhancing the distinction among the lexical categories. The argument is based on V–Ø alternation in the inflectional paradigms of CVCVC stems which varies in position and type of vowel depending on the lexical category. For example, adjectives exhibit a–Ø alternation in the penultimate syllable, while verbs in the final syllable. The Optimality Theoretic analysis reveals that the phonological difference among the lexical categories is minimal (one unique ranking of two constraints for each category), allowing a category distinction without a major increase in the complexity of the phonological system.
Traffic Comparison of a Series of MMORPGs

This paper measures and compares the traffic of a series of Massively Multiplayer On-line Role Playing Games (MMORPG). The target games are ‘Lineage’ and ‘Lineage II’ developed by NCsoft, which are ones of the world’s largest MMORPGs in terms of the number of concurrent users. We collected about 1 tera bytes of packets of ‘Lineage II’ for four days including a weekend. These packets are analyzed and compared with those of ‘Lineage. ’ Packet size, packet inter-arrival time, and bandwidth usage are compared. The traffic of the two games shows much difference because original ‘Lineage’ is a kind of 2-D based MMORPG, while ‘Lineage II’ is 3-D based. By comparing the characteristics of the traffic of these games, we can anticipate future needs of network and game structure.
Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food , Consumer Products and the Environment The Use of Biomarkers in Carcinogenic Risk Assessment

1. A biomarker is any substance, structure or process that can be measured in an organism, related to a specific exposure or effect or which can influence the incidence of the effect. Biomarkers can provide valuable information to aid chemical risk assessment processes and are used as investigative tools in both animal and human studies which aim to evaluate carcinogenic hazards and risk. The over-arching summary Guidance Statement (G01) provides the Committee’s views on the general principles relating to carcinogenic hazard and risk assessment and a background to the individual components of the risk assessment process and how these are integrated. This statement aims to provide detail of how biomarkers are utilised within the individual components of the risk assessment process.