Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D-DNS: Towards Re-Decentralizing the DNS

Nearly all Internet services rely on the Domain Name System (DNS) to resolve human-readable names to IP addresses. However, the content of DNS queries and responses can reveal private information, from the websites that a user visits to the types of devices on a network. Industry and researchers have responded in recent years to the inherent privacy risks of DNS information, focusing on tunneling DNS traffic over encrypted transport and application protocols. One such mechanism, DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) places DNS functionality directly in the web browser itself to direct DNS queries to a trusted recursive resolver (resolver) over encrypted HTTPS connections. The DoH architecture solves privacy risks (e.g., eavesdropping) but introduces new concerns, including those associated with the centralization of DNS queries to the operator of a single recursive resolver that is selected by the browser vendor. It also introduces potential performance problems: if a client's resolver is not proximal to the content delivery network that ultimately serves the content, the CDN may fail to optimally localize the client. In this paper, we revisit the trend towards centralized DNS and explore re-decentralizing the critical Internet protocol, such that clients might leverage multiple DNS resolvers when resolving domain names and retrieving content. We propose and evaluate several candidate decentralized architectures, laying the groundwork for future research to explore decentralized, encrypted DNS architectures that strike a balance between privacy and performance.
Radiative Heat Transfer in Freestanding Silicon Nitride Membranes

Free-standing silicon nitride (SiN) mechanical resonators are of central interests in applications such as temperature and mass sensing, and for fundamental optomechanical reasearch. Understanding thermal coupling between a membrane resonator and its environment is required for predicting thermal noise, frequency noise, as well as sensors responses to temperature changes. In this work, we provide closed-form derivations of intrinsic thermal coupling quantities in free-standing thin films, namely total thermal conductance with the surroundings, thermal response time, and the relative contribution of thermal radiation. Our model is valid for any free-standing thin film anchored on all sides, although we particularly emphasize the specific case of SiN for which spectral emissivity is thoroughly investigated as a function of thickness and temperature. We find that radiative heat exchanges can play a non-negligible role, and even dominate thermal coupling for membranes of sizes commonly employed in optomechanics experiments. We experimentally confirm the validity of our model by measuring radiative thermal coupling between a SiN mechanical resonator and a ceramic heater in high vacuum.
Eigenvector Statistics of L\'{e}vy Matrices

We analyze statistics for eigenvector entries of heavy-tailed random symmetric matrices (also called Levy matrices) whose associated eigenvalues are sufficiently small. We show that the limiting law of any such entry is non-Gaussian, given by the product of a normal distribution with another random variable that depends on the location of the corresponding eigenvalue. Although the latter random variable is typically non-explicit, for the median eigenvector it is given by the inverse of a one-sided stable law. Moreover, we show that different entries of the same eigenvector are asymptotically independent, but that there are nontrivial correlations between eigenvectors with nearby eigenvalues. Our findings contrast sharply with the known eigenvector behavior for Wigner matrices and sparse random graphs.
Learning Deep Kernels for Non-Parametric Two-Sample Tests

We propose a class of kernel-based two-sample tests, which aim to determine whether two sets of samples are drawn from the same distribution. Our tests are constructed from kernels parameterized by deep neural nets, trained to maximize test power. These tests adapt to variations in distribution smoothness and shape over space, and are especially suited to high dimensions and complex data. By contrast, the simpler kernels used in prior kernel testing work are spatially homogeneous, and adaptive only in lengthscale. We explain how this scheme includes popular classifier-based two-sample tests as a special case, but improves on them in general. We provide the first proof of consistency for the proposed adaptation method, which applies both to kernels on deep features and to simpler radial basis kernels or multiple kernel learning. In experiments, we establish the superior performance of our deep kernels in hypothesis testing on benchmark and real-world data. The code of our deep-kernel-based two sample tests is available at this https URL.
‘Hierarchy’ in the organization of brain networks

Concepts shape the interpretation of facts. One of the most popular concepts in systems neuroscience is that of ‘hierarchy’. However, this concept has been interpreted in many different ways, which are not well aligned. This observation suggests that the concept is ill defined. Using the example of the organization of the primate visual cortical system, we explore several contexts in which ‘hierarchy’ is currently used in the description of brain networks. We distinguish at least four different uses, specifically, ‘hierarchy’ as a topological sequence of projections, as a gradient of features, as a progression of scales, or as a sorting of laminar projection patterns. We discuss the interpretation and functional implications of the different notions of ‘hierarchy’ in these contexts and suggest that more specific terms than ‘hierarchy’ should be used for a deeper understanding of the different dimensions of the organization of brain networks. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’.
Metabolome Analysis Identified Okaramines in the Soybean Rhizosphere as a Legacy of Hairy Vetch

Inter-organismal communications below ground, such as plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, affect plant growth. Metabolites are shown to play important roles in biological communication, but there still remain a large number of metabolites in soil to be uncovered. Metabolomics, a technique for the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in samples, may uncover the molecules that intermediate these interactions. We conducted a multivariate analysis using liquid chromatography (LC)—mass spectrometry (MS)-based untargeted metabolomics in several soil samples and also targeted metabolome analysis for the identification of the candidate compounds in soil. We identified okaramine A, B, and C in the rhizosphere soil of hairy vetch. Okaramines are indole alkaloids first identified in soybean pulp (okara) inoculated with Penicillium simplicissimum AK-40 and are insecticidal. Okaramine B was detected in the rhizosphere from an open field growing hairy vetch. Okaramine B was also detected in both bulk and rhizosphere soils of soybean grown following hairy vetch, but not detected in soils of soybean without hairy vetch growth. These results suggested that okaramines might be involved in indirect defense of plants against insects. To our knowledge, this is the first report of okaramines in the natural environment. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics would be useful to uncover the chemistry of the rhizosphere.
Developing an Integrated Framework for Supplier Evaluation based on Relevant Attributes and Performance Measures

Abstract Supplier evaluation and selection is essential to any organization, and planning an effective and comprehensive approach to that end seems inevitable. Meanwhile, determining the requisite criteria for evaluating and selecting suppliers is probably one of the most important steps to be taken towards developing an evaluation and selection model in the organization. In this article, first a review of the literature on the criteria and the field of supplier evaluation and selection are provided. These criteria are then placed into proper categories. In order to formulate a supplier evaluation and selection framework for the manufacturing organization under study, the implemented categorization is applied where a list of fifteen attributes and performance criteria is created; where upon it is secured with the help of a designated panel (project team). These features are then screened using Lawshe’s method the “social attribute” is removed from the list of fifteen. The remaining 14 other criteria are configured within the SEAP (Suppliers Evaluation based on Attributes and Performances) framework. The framework follows the objective of continually evaluating suppliers, both potential and actual ones through incorporating their performances into their qualification ratings. Based on the proposed framework, suppliers are evaluated on the basis of two types of criteria, - feature (attribute) and performance.
Rural Folks Perception of Suicide Drivers in rural communities of Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for Societal and Agricultural Security

Abstract The study examined rural folks’ perception of suicide drivers in rural communities of Delta state, Nigeria and the resultant implications for societal and agricultural security. The objectives of the study are to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, ascertain the perceived suicide rates in rural households; identify the main causes (or drivers) of suicide in rural communities, ascertain the means of committing suicide, and determine respondents’ perception of the effect of suicide on agricultural production and their families. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in composing 351 respondents who furnished information on suicide situation in the study area. Results indicated some cases of suicide in the area; several perceived suicide drivers were identified by the respondents, and the respondents identified some perceived deleterious effects of suicide as illness among family members, depression of surviving members, loss of income and output of agricultural production and scattering of family of suicide victim. Logistic regression of relationship between perceived social economic characteristics and suicidal death indicated that marital status, education, family size, family income, membership of association and extension contact were significant in preventing suicide. From the findings, it was recommended that all stakeholders including the government, private sector, religion organizations, health and welfare institutions, rural communities, and individuals have crucial role to play in curbing suicidal deaths in rural communities.
Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects

Abstract Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.
Plasma paraoxonase1 activity in rats treated with monocrotophos: a study of the effect of duration of exposure

Abstract We have earlier demonstrated the potential of monocrotophos (MCP), a highly toxic organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), to elicit insulin resistance in rats after chronic exposure. Given the understanding of role of paraoxonase1 (PON1) in OPI toxicity and diabetes pathology, this study was envisaged to understand the effect of duration of exposure to MCP on plasma PON1 activity in rats. Rats were administered MCP per os at 1/20 and 1/10th LD50 as daily doses for 180 days. Interim blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 45, 90 and 180 d for analysis of plasma parameters. Exposure to MCP for 45 resulted in persistent trend of hyperinsulinemia, while significant increase in fasting glucose levels was observed after 180 days. MCP caused suppression of plasma cholinesterase activity though the study period, albeit extent of inhibition was more severe during the early phase of the study. Exposure to MCP for 180 d resulted in hypertriglyceridemia and marginal decrease in HDL-C levels. MCP failed to modulate PON1 activity in plasma during the early phase of the study (up to 45 d). However, prolonged exposure resulted in significant increase in the plasma PON1 activity. This suggests that manifestation of insulin resistance in rats subjected to chronic exposure to MCP is associated with increase in PON1 activity. Our work provides rationale for studying whether the increase in PON1 activity observed in the present study serves to counter the deleterious effect of long term exposure to organophosphorus insecticides on metabolic homeostasis.
A study on the promoting effect of L-arginine on the burn wound healing of the rats with diabetes

Objective To explore the effect and possible mechanism of L-arginine on burn wound healing of the rats with diabetie. Methods One hundred and twenty three Spraque-Dawley(SD) rats were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into four groups. i.e. group A(thirty rats as normal control), group B(diabetic control), group C(diabetes with L-arginine administration) and group D(diabetes with L-glycine administration). Diabetes was induced in rats in B, C and D groups with streptozotocin(STZ), and they were subjected to 20% TBSA of deep partial thickness scalding on the back 8 weeks later. The percentage of healing areas, the histological and morphological changes, the levels of TGF-b1 released from wound site, the content of hydroxyproline and the glucose content in local wound tissues were observed and measured on the 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-burn days (PBD). Results With the supplementation of L-arginine, the inflammatory reaction , the shedding of necrotic tissue and the advancement of the epithelial cells in the wound tissue appeared earlier and more markedly, with glucose content in the skin decreased and OHP and TGF-β 1 contents and the percentage of healing areas increased,compared with those in the group B(P0.05). Conclusion The healing of burn wounds in diabetic rats could be promoted by the use of L-arginine by reducing the glucose content in the skin and increasing TGF-β 1 synthesis and release.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Grape Pomace

Abstract The grape pomace is a by-product from the industrial processing of grape juice, which can be used as a source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to separate the phenolic compounds from grape pomace using an acidic aqueous solution with 2 % citric acid as a solvent, using both ultrasound-assisted extraction, with powers of 250, 350 and 450 W and times of 5, 10 and 15 min, and microwave-assisted extraction using powers of 600, 800 and 1,000 W and times of 5, 7 and 10 min. The results showed that for both methods of extraction, the contents of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH increased with time, and microwave at 1,000 W for 10 min corresponded to the best extraction condition. However, the contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were lower than exhaustive extraction using acidified methanol solution.
Understanding Contemplators' Knowledge and Awareness of the Physical Activity Guidelines.

BACKGROUND The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion completed research to understand factors that could encourage Americans to follow the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, released in 2018. This study describes survey research assessing demographic characteristics that might be related to knowledge and awareness of the guidelines. METHODS An online survey of 2050 adult physical activity contemplators assessed knowledge of physical activity, awareness of the guidelines, and knowledge of dosage recommendations. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed, and demographic differences in knowledge and awareness were analyzed using Pearson chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Respondents had medium to high knowledge of physical activity, although knowledge varied significantly by socioeconomic factors. Knowledge of dosage recommendations was very low, with 2% and 3% of respondents correctly identifying recommended moderate- and vigorous-intensity doses, respectively. Only 22% were aware of the guidelines; awareness was greater among those with a higher education or income and those without a disability. CONCLUSIONS These findings guided the development of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion's Move Your Way campaign and reinforced the need to raise awareness of the guidelines and promote behavior change among physical activity contemplators-particularly those from lower socioeconomic groups.
PENGEMBANGAN SUPLEMEN HIPOGLIKEMIK BERBASIS Cr(III)MELALUI UJI PRE KLINIK SEBAGAI SUMBER NUTRACEUTICAL PRODUCT BAGI PENYANDANG DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE-2

Prevalensi penyakit Diabetes Mellitus di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Penelitian epidemiologi menunjukkan jumlah penderita DM sebesar 8,4 juta pada tahun 2008. Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) memperkirakan jumlah penderita DM di Indonesia akan meningkat sampai sebesar 21,3 juta di tahun 2030. Manajemen DM meliputi diet, olahraga, suplemen atau nutraceutical, obat hipoglikemia dan insulin endogen. Salah satu komponen suplemen yang diperlukan bagi penyandang DM adalah Cr(III). Belum banyak produk nutraceutical yang menyediakan asupan Cr(III) ini. Salah satu sumber Cr(III) yang berupa kromium pikolinat telah diteliti dan dipublikasikan oleh sejumlah jurnal ilmiah, memiliki risiko kerusakan DNA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan produk suplemen berbasis Cr(III) yang berguna sebagai sumber nutraceutical product pada penyandang diabetes mellitus (DM). Pengembangan suplemen Cr(III) dirancang dengan bahan aktif baru yaitu Cr(III)-asam amino (asam glutamat). Pemilihan ligan asam amino dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada sifat biavailabilitas dan data referensi yang melaporkan bahwa asam glutamat merupakan salah satu asam amino yang berperan sebagai GTF (Glucose Tollerance Factor) pada metabolisme glukosa di dalam tubuh. Penelitian tentang sintesis bahan aktif suplemen Cr(III)-asam amino telah dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Tahap-tahap selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini adalah uji pre klinik dan uji klinik dengan sampel Cr(III)-glutamat (Cr-glu), yaitu senyawa kompleks ([Cr(µ-OH)(glu)(OH) 2 ] 2 ·6H O]). Aktivitas in vivo bahan ini dibandingkan dengan beberapa kontrol yaitu Cr-Pic, dan glibenclamide sebagai obat hipoglikemik, serta kontrol negatif tanpa perlakuan. Pada tahun pertama, penelitian ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hipoglikemik senyawa kompleks ([Cr(µ-OH)(glu)(OH) 2 2 ] 2 ·6H O) dalam uji preklinik secara in vivo pada hewan coba yang diinduksi diabetes dengan nicotinamide dan streptozotocin sebagai model DM tipe II. Parameter yang diperiksa adalah parameter biokimiawi kadar glukosa darah (KGD) serta parameter histopatologi hepar dan ginjal. 2 Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian tahun I menjadi dasar untuk penelitian tahun kedua, berupa uji toksisitas akut dan kronik produk yang dihasilkan serta pengembangan suplemen diabetes dalam bentuk biskuit melalui upaya fortifikasi. Pada tahap berikutnya (tahun ketiga ) dapat dilaksanakan uji klinik RCT(randomized clinical trial).
ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFARE FOR A SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK SECTOR

IMPACT OF ANIMAL DISEASES . 2 ZOONOSES AND PANDEMICS . 3 FOOD BORNE DISEASES . 4 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE . 5 ANIMAL WELFARE . 5
LAGRANGE METHOD IN SHAPE OPTIMIZATION FOR A CLASS OF NON-LINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: A MATERIAL DERIVATIVE FREE APPROACH

In this paper a new theorem is formulated which allows a rigorous proof of the shape differentiability without the usage of the material derivative; the domain expression is automatically obtained and the boundary expression is easy to derive. Furthermore, the theorem is applied to a cost function which depends on a quasi-linear transmission problem. Using a Gagliardo penalization the existence of optimal shapes is established.
‘Ethnic Democracy’ and Authoritarian Legacies in Italy’s and Australia’s Contemporary Policies towards ‘Boat People’

Asylum-seekers constitute a small percentage of the entire Italian and Australian populations and the volume of the claims recorded in these two countries is below those of many other industrialized and non-industrialized countries. Although the tendency is to frame this issue as ‘moral panic’ and to implement ‘emergency’ measures, this article argues that this attitude conceals a long-established institutional tradition of racism and control directed not only at asylum-seekers, but against ‘otherized’ communities. By drawing on Smooha’s (2009) concept of ‘ethnic democracy’, we suggest that the legacies of ‘White Australia’ and ‘Fascist Italy’ continue to play a key role in fostering new ethnocentric ‘Italian’ and ‘Australian’ identities.
Design of cefaclor monohydrate containing nanoparticles with extended antibacterial effect by Nano-Spray dryer: A Nanoenglobing study

Spray drying is an important method used in pharmaceutical product manufacturing for many years. The nano-spray dryer developed in recent years provides ultrafine powders at nanoscale and high product yields. In this study, which was aimed at prolonged release in oral use, nanoparticles-(NPs) were obtained by nanoenglobation of cefaclor monohydrate-(CEF) with Eudragit RS 100-(ERS) with the help of nano-spray drying method. The particle size (PS) of the blank formulation was 186 nm whereas PSs of CEF containing NPs were between 328 and 389 nm. The average PDI of all NP formulations were below 0.4 and all prepared NPs had a positive ZP value. The encapsulation efficiency values were a range of 78-84 %. In vitro release studies of NPs showed extended-release up to 24 hours after the first 3 hours of burst effect. The results showed that the release kinetics were fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. As a result, it was found that all pharmaceutical technology analysis results were affected by the solid concentration ratio in the feed dispersion. Antibacterial activity of NP formulations was determined by microdilution method. After minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, time-dependent activity for NP-2 was investigated by the time-kill method. MIC value for NP-2 was 4-fold lower than MIC value of CEF for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. No growth was observed for both bacteria with NP-2 during 18 hours incubation in the time-kill method. As a result, prolonged antibiotic release and long-term antibacterial activity were obtained by NP-2, the optimum formulation of our study.