Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rightful Resistance

How is one to understand contentious acts that open channels of participation while also making use of existing channels? Rightful resistance is a partly institutionalized form of popular action that employs laws, policies, and other established values to defy power holders who have failed to live up to some ideal or who have not implemented a popular measure. Analysis of opposition to cadre misconduct in rural China, supported by evidence from the United States, Norway, and South Africa, suggests that resistance can share a common dynamic despite its occurrence in strikingly dissimilar settings. Aggrieved individuals and groups turn to established principles to anchor their defiance; use legitimating myths and normative language to frame their claims; rely on existing statutes and government commitments when leveling their charges; and locate and mobilize advocates within officialdom. In differing contexts, a combination of rights talk, legal tactics, and open confrontation may induce power holders to surrender advantages in accord with principles that usually favor them. The cases examined further suggest that rightful resistance springs from rights consciousness and increases it and, finally, that it may be more consequential than most “everyday resistance” while remaining less risky than wholly uninstitutionalized defiance.
Greater phylogenetic distance from native oaks predicts escape from insect leaf herbivores by non-native oak saplings.

PREMISE Non-native plant species have been hypothesized to experience lower herbivory in novel environments as a function of their phylogenetic distance from native plant species. Although recent work has found support for this prediction, the plant traits responsible for such patterns have been largely overlooked. METHODS In a common garden experiment in northwestern Spain, we tested whether oak species (Quercus spp.) not native to this region that are phylogenetically more distantly related to native species exhibit less insect leaf herbivory. In addition, we also investigated plant traits potentially correlated with any such effect of phylogenetic distance. RESULTS As expected, phylogenetic distance from native species negatively predicted insect leaf herbivory on non-native oaks. In addition, we found that the leaf traits, namely phosphorus and condensed tannins, were significantly associated with herbivory, suggesting that they are associated with the effect of phylogenetic distance on leaf herbivory on non-native oak species. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to a better understanding of how evolutionary relationships (relatedness) between native and non-native plant species determine the latter's success in novel environments via locally shared enemies, and encourages more work investigating the plant traits that mediate the effects of phylogenetic distance on enemy escape.
Problems with the concept of gut microbiota dysbiosis

The human microbiome research is with the notable exception of fecal transplantation still mostly in a descriptive phase. Part of the difficulty for translating research into medical interventions is due to the large compositional complexity of the microbiome resulting in datasets that need sophisticated statistical methods for their analysis and do not lend to industrial applications. Another part of the difficulty might be due to logical flaws in terminology particularly concerning ‘dysbiosis’ that avoids circular conclusions and is based on sound ecological and evolutionary reasoning. Many case–control studies are underpowered necessitating more meta‐analyses that sort out consistent from spurious dysbiosis–disease associations. We also need for the microbiome a transition from statistical associations to causal relationships with diseases that fulfil a set of modified Koch's postulates for commensals. Disturbingly, the most sophisticated statistical analyses explain only a small percentage of the variance in the microbiome. Microbe–microbe interactions irrelevant to the host and stochastic processes might play a greater role than anticipated. To satisfy the concept of Karl Popper about conjectures and refutations in the scientific process, we should also conduct more experiments that try to refute the role of the commensal gut microbiota for human health and disease.
Precapillary pulmonary gas exchange is similar for oxygen and inert gases

Precapillary gas exchange for oxygen has been documented in both humans and animals. It has been suggested that, if precapillary gas exchange occurs to a greater extent for inert gases than for oxygen, shunt and its effects on arterial oxygenation may be underestimated by the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). We evaluated fractional precapillary gas exchange in canines for O2 and two inert gases, sulphur hexafluoride and ethane, by measuring these gases in the proximal pulmonary artery, distal pulmonary artery (1 cm proximal to the wedge position) and systemic artery. Some 12–19% of pulmonary gas exchange occurred within small (1.7 mm in diameter or larger) pulmonary arteries and this was quantitatively similar for oxygen, sulphur hexafluoride and ethane. Under these experimental conditions, this suggests only minor effects of precapillary gas exchange on the magnitude of calculated shunt and the associated effect on pulmonary gas exchange estimated by MIGET.
Relationship between gay app use and HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, China: a serial cross-sectional study

Objectives To investigate the relationship between gay app use and HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design Serial cross-sectional study. Setting A newly well-developed city in China. Participants 4935 MSM were recruited through offline sampling methods from 2015 to 2017. Primary and secondary outcomes The primary outcome is the difference in HIV testing between app and non-app users. Results 2872 (58.2%) and 2159 (43.7%) participated MSM had been tested for HIV within lifetime and the past year, respectively. Compared with non-app-using MSM, app-using MSM had a significantly higher prevalence of HIV testing within lifetime (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.48, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.72) and the past year (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.57). App-using MSM were more likely to take an HIV test at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.76) and community-based organisations (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.03), but less often at gay venues (AOR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.63). Meanwhile, app-using MSM were more likely to take self-testing (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.14). Predictors of HIV testing in the past year were: having an education level of college or higher (AOR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.65), being self-identified as a homosexual (AOR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.46), being recruited through clinic-based sampling (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.60), using gay app (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.83), engaging in group sex (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.19), having received HIV-related service (AOR: 5.49, 95% CI 4.57 to 6.60), having a high level of HIV-related knowledge (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.61) and high-risk perception (AOR: 2.95, 95% CI 1.40 to 6.23). Conclusions Gay app use was significantly associated with increased HIV testing among MSM hard to reach by traditional outreach. Therefore, it is imperative to expand HIV testing among non-app-using MSM. Continued efforts, innovative strategies and increased resource are highly needed to realise the first ‘90’ target.
Named Entity Linking Based on Deep Learning Model

개체명 연결(Named Entity Linking)은 문장 내 출현한 단어의 중의성을 해소하여 단 하나의 개념, 사물, 인물, 장소 등으로 연결하는 작업이다. 단순히 단어가 인명, 장소, 시간, 기업명 등인지만 구분하는 개체명 인식 (Named Entity Recognition)보다 더 정교한 모형이 필요 한 문제이다[1]. 개체명 연결 기술은 단어 의미가 결과 물 품질에 영향을 주는 검색 엔진, 대화 시스템 등에서 중요한 구성 요소가 될 수 있다[2][3][4]. [그림 1]은 검색 엔진의 문서 인덱싱 과정에 개체명 연결 기술이 적 용된 예이다. 사용자가 “거미 (곤충)”을 입력했을 때 와 “거미 (가수)”를 입력했을 때 달라지는 검색 결과 를 볼 수 있다. 보통 중의성 해소 및 연결 대상이 되는 개체는 고유 명 사 수만큼이나 많다. 필요에 따라 그 수를 100단위에서 1만 단위까지 쓰는 경우도 있다. 구별 대상 개체명이 많 아질수록 전통적인 모형[3]이나 자질 공학만으로는 소요 비용과 시간 대비 좋은 품질을 얻기 힘들어 질 수 있으 며, 결과물 품질이 매우 중요한 상업용 검색 엔진에 적 용하기 어려울 가능성이 높다. 본 논문에서는 최근 자연어처리, 이미지분석, 음성인식 등에서 괄목할만한 성과를 내고 있는 딥러닝 모형을 한 국어 문장 내 개체명 연결에 적용하고자 한다. 구체적으 로 Multilayer Perceptron(MP), Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), Long-Short Term Memory(LSTM), LSTM+Attention 모형 별 품질과 처리 속도 등을 실험을 통해 비교 검증할 것이다.
Poetry Machine

The Poetry Machine by David Link is a generator for texts that is based on semantic networks. The user feeds the text generator with words via the installation itself or via a public interface in the World Wide Web. The machine responds to the user’s keyword with an endless stream of sentences which take their departure from the initial concept, return to it, and then permanently circulate around that point of departure. The machine does not utter statistically calculated or outwritten models of answers. When the machine starts streaming, its database is empty. In the beginning, the Poetry Machine is nothing more than a tabula rasa. It simply follows routines to process text and does not contain any hard-coded record. Therefore, all the text generated by the machine varies and it will never show identical results.
Analyses of the Complete Genome Sequence of the Strain Bacillus pumilus ZB201701 Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil of Maize under Drought and Salt Stress

Bacillus pumilus ZB201701 is a rhizobacterium with the potential to promote plant growth and tolerance to drought and salinity stress. We herein present the complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium B. pumilus ZB201701, which consists of a linear chromosome with 3,640,542 base pairs, 3,608 protein-coding sequences, 24 ribosomal RNAs, and 80 transfer RNAs. Genome analyses using bioinformatics revealed some of the putative gene clusters involved in defense mechanisms. In addition, activity analyses of the strain under salt and simulated drought stress suggested its potential tolerance to abiotic stress. Plant growth-promoting bacteria-based experiments indicated that the strain promotes the salt tolerance of maize. The complete genome of B. pumilus ZB201701 provides valuable insights into rhizobacteria-mediated salt and drought tolerance and rhizobacteria-based solutions for abiotic stress in agriculture.
Change in albuminuria as a surrogate endpoint.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem with few effective therapies available that slow the progression to end-stage renal disease. The established clinical endpoints for renal trials; doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease, are late manifestations of CKD. This leads to large trials enrolling preferably patients with advanced stages of CKD. The use of valid surrogate biomarkers that substitute a clinical endpoint (surrogate endpoints), can lead to trials of shorter duration that can be performed at earlier stages of CKD. Change in albuminuria has been proposed as surrogate endpoint in CKD. Yet, although albuminuria is a strong risk factor for CKD progression, there is persistent uncertainty about its validity to substitute clinical endpoints. RECENT FINDINGS New observational studies have demonstrated robust associations between changes in albuminuria and risk of end-stage renal disease. In addition, a meta-analysis of observational studies confirmed the strong association between change in albuminuria and end-stage renal disease. Another meta-analysis of clinical trials showed moderately strong associations between treatment effects on albuminuria and treatment effects on clinical endpoints. These new data support a role for change in albuminuria as surrogate endpoint for clinical trials of progression of CKD. SUMMARY There is increasing evidence that change in albuminuria is a valid surrogate endpoint for CKD. Implementing albuminuria as surrogate requires proper understanding of the settings in which the surrogate works well.
Effects of a Province-Based Strategy to Prevent Suicide Using Charcoal Burning: A Preliminary Time Series Analysis

The suicide rate in Korea has been declining steadily after peaking in 2011. However, to date, time-series analyses of Korean suicide rate data have mainly addressed factors related to increases in suicide rates. This study analyzed one of the most important evidence-based public health strategies to decrease suicide, that is, preventive effects of restricting access to lethal means via a charcoal-selling procedure improvement campaign, using multivariate time series analysis. The results showed the campaign in Gyeonggi Province had a significant effect on decreasing the number of charcoal-burning suicides in this area. It is believed that the present study has important implications in terms of providing the first empirical evidence for the charcoal-selling procedure improvement campaign in Korea. Further repeated research is needed to evaluate the impact of the intervention when the more enough observational data become available.
AKT‐dependent hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in familial hidradenitis suppurativa with a NCSTN mutation: a potential role of defective miR‐100‐5p

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas of the body.1 Although the precise pathogenesis of HS is unclear, genetic mutation may one important factor. Recently, loss-of-function mutations of nicastrin (NCSTN), a subunit of γ-secretase, are detected in some familial HS patients.2,3 In 2016, we reported that the expression of both AKT and its activated form phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) is up-regulated in NCSTN-silencing HaCaT cells.4 But how defective NCSTN affected AKT is still unknown. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Microbiota, Immune System and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Integrative Model Towards Novel Treatment Options

The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is related to the CNS through the so-called “gut–brain axis” that is also involved in immune processes. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network, while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The term ASDs includes autistic disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, childhood disintegrative and pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified different. All these conditions are characterised by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, as well as limited and repetitive behaviours, interests or activities. In the last two decades, an impressive number of cross-sectional studies reported significant differences in microbiota composition between children with an ASD and controls, thus strengthening the hypothesis of a possible link between GI dysbiosis and ASD. The amount of studies documenting the possible involvement of microbiota in ASD pathogenesis led to considering whether treatments acting on gut flora could ameliorate ASD symptoms. The available findings, although preliminary, would indicate data gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD (of also of other neuropsychiatric disorders), and possibly a target for the development of innovative treatments just labelled as “psychobiotics”. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Dose-response evaluation of propolis dental varnish in children: A randomized study.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response concentration of alcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (BRP), in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four children, aged between 36 and 71 months, of both genders and without caries, were selected to participate in this pilot study and grouped randomly into four groups to receive different concentrations of BRP varnish (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The varnish was applied to the surface of all second deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was observed in saliva, which was collected in two phases: Before applying the BRP varnish and after use. RESULTS There was microbiological reduction of S. mutans in the oral cavity of the children in all the tested concentrations. The highest percentage reduction of S. mutans was observed at the concentration of 2.5% (P = 0.0443). CONCLUSION The BRP extract in the form of dental varnish has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and constitutes a possible alternative in the prevention of dental caries.
Abundance of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus ) estimated from acoustic data for Blocks 2 , 3 and 4 ( French and Spanish sectors )

Sperm whales produce loud (up to 236 dB re: 1 μ Pa (rms) Møhl et al. 2003), audible, broadband regular clicks for most of the time they are engaged in deep dives. Deep dives can last for over an hour, and surface rest intervals (5-10 minutes) are typically short compared to dive times. The characteristics of sperm whale clicks makes them easy to detect and localise acoustically using relatively simple hydrophones towed behind platforms of opportunity or survey vessels (e.g. Gillespie & Leaper 1996; Leaper et al. 2000).
Profil du facteur Von Willebrand dans la grossesse: étude descriptive chez 390 femmes enceintes au Maroc

Le facteur Von Willebrand (vWF) est une glycoprotéine qui joue un rôle important dans l'hémostase, dont son déficit quantitatif ou qualitatif induit la maladie de Willebrand (MV). Le but est de mettre le point sur la répartition des taux de vWF dans la population marocaine chez les femmes enceintes et sa variabilité en fonction du groupe sanguin ABO. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale qui a intéressé 390 femmes enceintes provenant de la région Rabat-Salé-Kenitra dont la taille de l'échantillon a été calculée sur la base d'une prévalence de 1% correspondant à la prévalence mondiale de la MW avec une marge d'erreur de 5% et un niveau de confiance de 95%. Trois cent dix-sept cas sur 390 femmes enceintes se sont révélés avec des taux élevés aux normes (> 160%) en vWF soit 81,28%. Les taux de facteur VIII (FVIII) varient en parallèle de façon significative p < 0,001 avec les taux de vWF avec un cœfficient de correlation (r) de Pearson à 0,597. La distribution des groupes sanguins A,B et O a eu une influence sur le taux de vWF avec une différence significative p < 0,001 entre les quatre groupes: niveau moyen le plus bas chez le groupe O (188,54±57,02), suivi par le groupe A (203,19±54,46), puis le groupe AB (219±38,95), et enfin le groupe B (221,15±48,63). Nos résultats confirment d'une part l'élévation des taux de vWF pendant la grossesse et d'autre part l'influence du groupe sanguin ABO sur les taux du vWF.
Design and Automation for Seniors - Robot aided design of an environment for the elderly and disabled.

The changing social structure and the development of new technologies in the emerging Society of Knowledge makes possible the development a new kind of living space or habitat that adapts and responds to the needs and problems of elderly. The exponential growth of the aging population in EU, US and Japan is well proven and it urgently calls for the innovative solutions. Today use of automated and robotic elements in design opens the new possibilities for architecture. This paper offers the background of the problem, presents few precedents of assisted by mechatronics solutions, review the four experimental design projects from Warsaw University of Technology and in conclusion propose the agenda for further design research.
Consolidated bioprocessing for butanol production of cellulolytic Clostridia: development and optimization

Butanol is an important bulk chemical, as well as a promising renewable gasoline substitute, that is commonly produced by solventogenic Clostridia. The main cost of cellulosic butanol fermentation is caused by cellulases that are required to saccharify lignocellulose, since solventogenic Clostridia cannot efficiently secrete cellulases. However, cellulolytic Clostridia can natively degrade lignocellulose and produce ethanol, acetate, butyrate and even butanol. Therefore, cellulolytic Clostridia offer an alternative to develop consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which combines cellulase production, lignocellulose hydrolysis and co‐fermentation of hexose/pentose into butanol in one step. This review focuses on CBP advances for butanol production of cellulolytic Clostridia and various synthetic biotechnologies that drive these advances. Moreover, the efforts to optimize the CBP‐enabling cellulolytic Clostridia chassis are also discussed. These include the development of genetic tools, pentose metabolic engineering and the improvement of butanol tolerance. Designer cellulolytic Clostridia or consortium provide a promising approach and resource to accelerate future CBP for butanol production.
Staying Together: A Bidirectional Delay-Coupled Approach to Joint Action

To understand how individuals adapt to and anticipate each other in joint tasks, we employ a bidirectional delay-coupled dynamical system that allows for mutual adaptation and anticipation. In delay-coupled systems, anticipation is achieved when one system compares its own time-delayed behavior, which implicitly includes past information about the other system's behavior, with the other system's instantaneous behavior. Applied to joint music performance, the model allows each system to adapt its behavior to the dynamics of the other. Model predictions of asynchrony between two simultaneously produced musical voices were compared with duet pianists' behavior; each partner performed one voice while auditory feedback perturbations occurred at unpredictable times during live performance. As the model predicted, when auditory feedback from one musical voice was removed, the asynchrony changed: The pianist's voice that was removed anticipated (preceded) the actions of their partner. When the auditory feedback returned and both musicians could hear each other, they rapidly returned to baseline levels of asynchrony. To understand how the pianists anticipated each other, their performances were fitted by the model to examine change in model parameters (coupling strength, time-delay). When auditory feedback for one or both voices was removed, the fits showed the expected decrease in coupling strength and time-delay between the systems. When feedback about the voice(s) returned, the coupling strength and time-delay returned to baseline. These findings support the idea that when people perform actions together, they do so as a coupled bidirectional anticipatory system.
Gesture / speech interaction in the perception of lexical units

This paper explores gesture/speech interaction in language perception. An experimental study, based on an intermodal priming paradigm, required participants to make lexical judgments to deictic words, non-deictic words, or pseudo-words, after the production of a pointing or a grasping gesture. These two gestural priming conditions were compared to each other and to a baseline condition, where participants did not perform any gesture. This allowed us to characterize the influence of both gesture production and gesture type on word recognition. Our results reveal an interaction between the motor and the lexical representations of spatial deixis, that suggests that " arm movement itself[could] be used as a linguistic signal " (Gentilucci, Dalla Volta, & Gianelli, 2008). Communicative manual gestures appear to be involved in the production/perception mechanism associated with the semantic processing of language.