Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anion Conducting States of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are secondary active, electrogenic transporters which translocate L-glutamate (glu) against its concentration gradient using the co-transport of 3 Na+, 1 H+, and the counter-transport of 1 K+ ion. In addition, these carriers possess a thermodynamically uncoupled anion channel that fluxes Cl- but is promiscuous with several permeant anionic species. The roles of EAATs are to shape the spatio-temporal profile of released glu in both the synaptic cleft and extra-synaptic regions as well as maintaining a low ambient extracellular concentration of glu. This transport activity regulates activation of glu receptors and thus regulates excitatory neurotransmission. Using a combination of techniques, we were successful in identifying inward oriented transporter conformations which allow transitions to open channels states. This observation was enabled by our development of a novel method to isolate EAAT1 in the inward facing conformation. While constrained to these conformations, currents with the same macroscopic amplitudes as conducting states mediated by the outward facing, Na+ bound states were observed. The persistence of currents is indicative of a channel gating mechanism that is insensitive to transporter orientation and that the anion channel is open during the majority of the transport cycle. Additional conducting states allows for a larger contribution of the anion channel function of EAATs to shape cellular function then previously assumed. Next we investigated the gating mechanism of the anion channel. We assayed for the ability of Na+ to gate the anion channel in both glial (EAAT1 and EAAT2) and neuronal (EAAT3 and EAAT4) isoforms. We discovered that the glial isoforms are not gated by Na+ but are leak channels with an open probability and single channel conductance that is insensitive to Na+ concentrations. In contrast, neuronal EAAT isoforms EAAT3 and EAAT4 both display Na+ dependent channel activity. This is the first example of a significant functional difference between glial and neuronal transporter isoforms of the solute carrier 1 (SLC1) family. The research presented here allows for a greater understanding of low open probability channel states and the possible contributions of the EAAT anion channel to the functioning of the nervous system.
Columbia and Suffolk Terminal Sire Breed Effects

Summary An experiment that utilized the Suffolk breed as a standard of comparison was de- signed to evaluate the Columbia breed as a potential terminal sire breed. Lambs were born in 1978 to 333 Finncross ewes bred to Colum- bia (18) or Suffolk (10) rams. Breed of sire did not significantly affect ewe prolificacy, litter viability, number of lambs weaned per ewe lambing or litter weaning weight at 49 days of age. Litters sired by Columbia rams were lighter (P<.10) at birth than Suffolk-sired litters. Suffolk-sired lambs had higher (P< .05) birth weights, preweaning daily gains and wean- ing weights than lambs sired by Columbia rams. Sire breed effects on postweaning daily gain and 154-day weight were not significant but favored progeny of Suffolk rams by 4 and 2%, respectively. Columbia-sired lambs had lower leg conformation scores (P<.01), less fat depth (P<.05) and less percentage kidney fat (P<.10) than Iambs sired by Suffolk rams. Progeny of Columbia rams tended to have a greater esti- mated percentage of trimmed retail cuts (P< .10) and less carcass weight per day of age (P<.10) than Suffolk-sired lambs, while produc- tion of retail cuts per day of age was compara- ble for the two breed groups. Lambs sired by Suffolk rams had higher carcass conformation scores (P<.10), maturity scores (P<.05) and flank firmness scores (P<.10) than progeny of Columbia rams. Sire breed effects on carcass quality grade were not significant. We conclu- ded that Columbia rams produced progeny comparable in lean growth rate and carcass quality to progeny sired by Suffolk rams and Cooperation of the Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sta. , Univ. of Nebraska at Lincoln, is gratefully acknowl- edged. 2 Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Cen- ter, AR, SEA. a Present address: Anim. Sei. Dept., Texas A&M Univ., College Station 77843. that the Columbia breed may serve effectively as a terminal sire breed. (Key Words-. Sheep, Ewe Productivity, Growth, Carcass Composition, Quality Grade.)
Radiographic measurement of craniocaudal instability in stifle joints of clinically normal dogs and dogs with injury of a cranial cruciate ligament.

OBJECTIVE To determine craniocaudal laxity of the stifle joint of dogs when joints were positioned in tibial compression or neutral position. SAMPLE POPULATION 19 normal stifle joints in 10 clinically normal dogs, 29 stifle joints with varying injury to the cranial cruciate ligament (10 complete ruptures alone, 10 complete ruptures with concomitant damage to the medial meniscus, 6 partial ruptures alone, and 3 partial ruptures with concomitant meniscal tearing), and 19 unaffected contralateral stifle joints in those 29 dogs. PROCEDURE Relative displacement of bony landmarks was measured on paired lateral radiographs (neutral and tibial compression positions). Two measuring techniques were customized for use in dogs. RESULTS The first technique failed to distinguish results in normal stifle joints from those in stifle joints with partial deficiency of cranial cruciate ligaments. Significant differences were found for joints with complete rupture, compared with stifle joints in clinically normal dogs. The second technique detected differences between normal stifle joints and injured joints with partial or complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Significant differences were not detected between joints with partial versus complete rupture. Adjusting data to account for size of dog did not improve results. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A wide range in measurements of laxity was found for stifle joints with intact cranial cruciate ligaments. Differences in degree of damage to the ligament and medial meniscus cannot be deduced from the amount of relative displacement measured on radiographs. Pathologic changes to the cranial cruciate ligament will not necessarily induce detectable changes in laxity of stifle joints in dogs.
Statistical explorations of gene structure and Its correlation with gene expression and function

As the growth rate of data in biological databases continues to increase, researchers are provided with further opportunities to discover new findings from large amounts of complex biological information. To utilize invaluable biological information, this thesis has adopted, developed and applied statistical and computational methods to investigate the connections between the gene structure and its functions. The thesis uses the lengths of coding and non-coding regions (with and without introns), as well as gene sequences, as major representatives of the gene structure. The gene expression level and protein functions are considered functions of the length and sequence of genes. The investigation presented in this thesis attempts to understand two aspects of non-coding regions in different organisms through: (i) characterization of lengths of non-coding regions (5’UTR region and 3’UTR region) and (ii) characterization of sequences of the non-coding DNA (intron sequences). A highly skewed distribution has been observed in the gene length and the gene expression level. This thesis proposes the mixture model to investigate statistical modeling of the length distribution of coding and non-coding regions. The mixture model demonstrates an appropriate estimation of parameters for the marginal distribution of the length of gene regions, which can adequately represent the gene length. In addition, quantile regression (QR) modeling, a robust tool applied due to the heavy tail distribution, is used to investigate how the gene length influences the gene expression level. QR provides the additional information necessary for estimating the entire family of specific quantile functions. The results of this study reveal the relationship between the un-translated regions (3’UTR and 5’UTR regions) and the gene expression level. The quantile characterization shows that the length of 3’UTR region has a larger impact on the gene expression level than does the length of 5’UTR region. ii In relation to the gene sequences, this thesis introduces a new heuristic method, the “multi procedure” (MP), for identifying the change points in gene sequences in the form of a generalized Bernoulli process. The MP method is divided into eight procedures and implemented by the R tool. Our simulations and real data applications indicate that the proposed new method helps to improve the efficiency of identifying change points and to provide more accurate results in terms of the number of change points and the position of change points. The MP method is also applied to estimate change points in intron sequences to determine introns with structural changes. The potential information about structural changes in intron sequences may be relevant to functions of introns.
A compensation approach for queueing problems

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Empirical Study for Classification Ratio using Neural Network and Classification Technique

Data mining gives various types of clustering classification algorithm for the various number of applications such as banking, education, medical science, fraud detection, pattern representation, feature extraction for the respective filed etc., there are various data mining algorithms such as supervised learning methods, unsupervised learning methods and semi supervised learning methods for the classification of data. In this article we present the comparative empirical study between the classification methods and measure the performance of both algorithms using some standard evaluation parameters.
Características físico químicas de dietas enterais artesanais com hidrolisado protéico de carne

Enteral nutrition is widely used for the maintenance and recovery of the nutricional state. Homemade enteral dietary products are prepared from natural foods or mixtures of unprocessed products. However there is little information on their physicochemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the osmolality, viscosity, fluidity and pH of home-made enteral diets. The protein sources used were meat hydrolysates (beef, chicken, turkey). Osmolality was determined in an osmometer by the cryoscopic by capillary flow in a Brookfield DV-II digital viscometer and pH with a DMPH-2 pH meter. The values of osmolality and viscosity of the meat hydrolysate-bases diets were: 411 ± 0.0 mosm/kg and 43,9cP (beef); 438,5 ± 0,7 mosm/kg and 65,3cP (chicken) and 415 ± 0.0 mosm/kg and 57,1cP (turkey). All the products had a pH of 6.1, a value not considered to interfere with gastric motility. The three preparations were classified as slightly hypertonic, with compatible viscosity, fluidity and pH values compatible with their being administered without modification
High Resolution Quantitative MRI in a Non-Surgical Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very sensitive to the presence of damage resulting from injury or disease, but often lacks specificity. Quantitative MRI can significantly increase the specificity in the presence of pathology but must be validated, often using an animal model, for each type of injury or disease. In the case of spinal cord injury (SCI) most models are difficult to image, either due to the location of the injury, or as a result of damage to surrounding tissues resulting from invasive surgical procedures. This thesis describes a non-surgical model of rat SCI which uses MR guided focused ultrasound and microbubbles to create an injury the cervical spinal cord which is optimal for performing quantitative MRI, and compares it with other models of SCI using MRI, histology, and immunohistochemistry. It also describes the difficulties encountered when implementing the quantitative T2 (qT2) MR sequence at the very high resolution required to image the rat spinal cord, the limitations on the qT2 sequence due to the presence of diffusion, and how the effects of diffusion were minimized. Using the new SCI model and qT2 sequence, qT2 and diffusion data were acquired at 24 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks following SCI, and the quantitative MRI parameters were correlated with histology. The increased specificity gained using quantitative MRI will increase the information available at each timepoint, reducing both the variability and cost of longitudinal studies aimed at developing treatments for SCI.
La restricción en el tiempo de acceso al alimento en pollo de engorda para reducir la mortalidad causada por el síndrome ascítico

Articulo originalmente publicado en:Arce Menocal J, Lopez Coello C, Avila Gonzalez E, Tirado Almendra JF. La restriccion en el tiempo de acceso al alimento en pollo de engorda para reducir la mortalidad causada por el sindrome ascitico. Veterinaria Mexico. 1995;26(3):225–9. - - - Se realizo un experimento con pollo de engorda de 1 a 56 dias de edad; se tuvo como proposito investigar diferentes sistemas de restriccion en el tiempo de acceso al alimento sobre la mortalidad causada por el sindrome ascitico. La limitacion prolongada, a partir de los 8 a los 56 dias de edad con 8 horas diarias de acceso al alimento, redujo en 11.2% el peso final de los animales. Los mejores resultados (7% de menor crecimiento) respecto del testigo se obtuvieron con el mismo procedimiento a partir del dia 8 al 42. La reproduccion del crecimiento en el pollo de engorda a traves de la res­triccion de alimento redujo en 88% la mortalidad por el sindrome ascitico.
Human Resource TQM Based On Performance

This research aims to: (1) describe and analyze the quality management of vocational schools, (2) develop an appropriate quality management model for vocational schools in the 21st century, and (3) testing the difficulty level of the model implementation and productivity of the developed model. This research is a developmental research using the procedure of research and development, the modification of Borg and Gall and Sugiyono. There were eight stages in this study; (1) the identification of the problems and potentials through initial study; (2) documentation study of existing models; (3) analysis of the existing models, (4) designing the basic concept of the model, the structure of the components of the model, and the system of the model; (5) expert judgement, testing the effectiveness of the substance and indicators of the quality management; (6) expert judgement and the first try out (7) expert judgement and the second try out, (8) the third try out. The data collection techniques in this study were (1) observation, (2) questionnaires, (3) interviews, and (4) documentation. The analysis of the data used the analytical techniques of descriptive statistic. The findings show that: (1) the quality management applied in two vocational schools nowadays does not have a clear specification, (2) the quality management model that is appropriate for vocational schools in the 21st century is "a model of quality management on vocational school based on the performance of human resources", and (3) the human resource’s performance that is capable of doing or running the quality management is the human resource that has high performance, which can: (a) make an accurate plan, (b) carry out work rightly; (c) check rigorously, and (d) act really. The products of this research include: (1) a quality management model based on human resources’ performance, and (2) an operational manual for the quality management model based on human resource’s performance. The uniqueness of this model includes: (1) the quality management conducted by qualified and highly competent human, (2) comprehensive and representative for all aspects of management function, (3) it is easy to apply, (4) it can improve the productivity, (5) it can improve the efficiency, (6 ) it can be applied to all types of vocational schools, (7) it is open for further research or investigation. Keywords: quality management, human resource’s performance, quality of graduates .
Comparing Structure Learning Algorithms of Bayesian Network in Authentication via Short Free Text

In this paper, we empirically evaluate effectiveness of structure learning of Bayesian Network when applying such networks to the domain of Keystroke Dynamics authentication. We compare four structure learning methods of Bayesian Network Classifier – Genetic, TAN, K2, and Hill Climbing algorithms, on our authentication model, namely Classify User via Short-text and IP Model (CUSIM). The results show that Genetic algorithm was best suited to our model. The findings from the study also indicate that the Accuracy, FAR, and FRR rate of Genetic algorithm are better than other algorithms tested in this work. Moreover, we found that TAN algorithm gives better results in some scenario than other algorithms.
Designing Performance Management for Operational Level: A Closer Look on the Role of Design Choices in Framing Coordination and Motivation

The motivation of this study was to explore how the design choices created when developing Performance Management (hereafter PM), produces proposals of how to coordinate and motivate operational employees in performing their tasks, and to which extent they are successful in doing so. PM is often postulated as a management resource in organizing employee contribution to value creation. Here, it is often suggested that carefully designed PM promotes organizational value creation, by facilitating the motivation and coordination of employees’ contribution. However, the way in which design choices function to suggest how to define the boundaries of what it means to coordinate and motivate employees in practice is less clear. I therefore set out to study the different design choices made on three central elements in a new operational Performance Management System (PMS hereafter), to explore how these design choices propose ideas of how to coordinate and motivate employees’ value creation in daily operations. My study follow the design choices made with regard to leading indicators (e.g. performance measures), performance targets and feedback over a period of three years (2012-2014). I do so, to investigate how design choices made on these three elements play a significant role in assigning specific property to what motivation and coordination of operational employees entails in practice. For example, the study illustrate how the choice to design leading indicators as key behavioral indicators (KBIs hereafter) propose that coordination of employees contribution means to point out what they should do when performing key activities. Detailed accounts such as this, provides rich insight into how design choices suggest distinctive, meaning to how to coordinate and/or motivate employees in their daily operations, which produce the boundaries of desired action. In chapter 2, I provide a selected overview of the current understanding of the issue of designing PM within selected management accounting literature. Chapter 2 outlines current knowledge regarding the design of the selected PM elements e.g. leading indicators (performance measures), performance targets and feedback. This overlook of current knowledge is interesting as this identify how my study contributes with additional insight to current understanding of the design of PM. I find that most
DISTRIBUTED LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises of spatially scattered autonomous sensors to screen physical or natural conditions and to amiably go their information through the system to a Base Station. Grouping is a basic assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks for vitality effectiveness and system quality. Grouping through Central Processing Unit in remote sensor systems is outstanding and being used for quite a while. In this paper, we propose a few procedures that balance the vitality utilization of these hubs and guarantee greatest system lifetime by adjusting the activity stack as similarly as could be expected under the circumstances. Directly grouping through dispersed strategies is being produced for conveying with the issues like system lifetime and vitality. In our work, we connected both concentrated and conveyed k-means clustering calculation in system test system. K-means is a model based algorithm that surrogates between two noteworthy advances, passing on perceptions to groups and processing cluster focuses until the point when a ceasing standard is satisfied. Improved results are accomplished and related which demonstrate that conveyed clustering is compelling than brought together grouping.
Experimental evidence that the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal disease of amphibians

To test the susceptibility of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) to amphibian chytridiomycosis, groups of captive bred, recently metamorphosed bullfrogs were inoculated with zoospores of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of chytridiomycosis, and assayed for clinical and pathological signs of infection. A novel technique for counting B. dendrobatidis zoospore inocula is described. Inoculation regimes varied from single exposures of 1-10 million zoospores per animal to inocula of 10 million zoospores per animal per day for a 31 day period. Twenty-five to fifty percent of each inoculated cohort was histologically positive for B. dendrobatidis on necropsy. However, lesions were focal, small with relatively little thickening of the keratinized epidermis and no clinical signs of chytridiomycosis were observed. Only one animal died during the experiment, due to cardiac puncture procedure. A fungal isolate used in these experiments was inoculated onto four metamorphosed poison dart frogs (Dendrobates tinctorius) to test whether B. dendrobatidis had become attenuated following repeated passage in culture. All four animals died within 30 days with severe chytridiomycosis, whereas two uninfected controls survived, demonstrating that the fungus had not become attenuated. These results provide the first experimental evidence that bullfrogs can be infected byB. dendrobatidis, but are relatively resistant to the disease chytridiomycosis, which is lethal to many other amphibian species. By demonstrating that R. catesbeiana is likely to be an efficient carrier of this pathogen, our experimental data add weight to the hypothesis that this host species is important in the spread of chytridiomycosis, particularly by commercial activities.
Robot localization in symmetric environment

The robot localization problem is a key problem in making truly autonomous robots. If a robot does not know where it is, it can be difficult to determine what to do next. Monte Carlo Localization as a well known localization algorithm represents a robot's belief by a set of weighted samples. This set of samples approximates the posterior probability of where the robot is located. Our method presents an extension to the MCL algorithm when localizing in highly symmetrical environments; a situation where MCL is often unable to correctly track equally probable poses for the robot. The sample sets in MCL often become impoverished when samples are generated in several locations. Our approach incorporates the idea of clustering the samples and organizes them considering to their orientation. Experimental results show our method is able to successfully determine the position of the robot in symmetric environment, while ordinary MCL often fails.