Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The BP Tau disk: A missing link between class II and III objects?

We present new single-dish (30-m) observations and an improved analysis of our earlier interferometric observations (Simon et al. 2000) of BP Tau ? Our analysis yields a detailed description of the properties of the circumstellar disk. The disk is small (outer radius 120 AU) and marginally optically thick in the 12 CO J= 2! 1 line. It is also relatively hot, about 50 K at 100 AU. The mm continuum emission is consistent with a thermal emission from circumstellar dust with an emissivity index ' 0:7, and a disk mass about 1:2 10 3 M. The anomalously low 12 CO to dust emission ratio implies that either CO is depleted by a factor of the order of 150 with respect to H2, or has a very low gas to dust ratio, or highly anomalous dust properties. The disk exhibits direct evidence of Keplerian rotation, but because of a combination of insucient resolution and optically thin CO emission, the mass derived for the star remains inaccurate (between 0.6 and 1:3 M for 140 pc). The unusual properties of the circumstellar disk suggest that BP Tau may be a transient object in the process of clearing its disk.
Contact dynamics method

The contact dynamics (CD) method, also called nonsmooth contact dynamics (NSCD), is a discrete element method (DEM) for the simulation of granular materials. It emerged from a mathematical formulation of nonsmooth dynamics and the subsequent algorithmic developments by J. J. Moreau and M. Jean (Moreau [1977, 1983, 1988a,b, 1993, 1994], Jean and Pratt [1985], Jean [1988], Jean and Moreau [1992], Jean et al. [1994], Jean [1995, 1999]). The fundamental difference between this method and the common DEM or molecular dynamics (MD) approach lies in the treatment of small length and time scales involved in the dynamics of granular media. In MD-type DEM, pioneered by P. Cundall, the particles are treated as rigid bodies but the contacts between particles are assumed to be compliant and obeying a viscoelastic behavior in which the local strain variables are the relative particle positions and displacements (Cundall [1971], Cundall and Strack [1979], Thornton and Yin [1991], Herrmann [1993], Thornton [1993], Pöschel and Buchholtz [1995], Thornton [1997], Luding [1998], Matuttis et al. [1999], McNamara and Herrmann [2004], Garca and Medina [2007], Gilabert et al. [2007], Richefeu et al. [2007]). The time-stepping schemes used for the numerical integration of the equations of motion imply thus a fine resolution of the small time and length scales involved in contact interactions. In the CD method, these small scales are neglected and their effects absorbed into contact laws together with a nonsmooth formulation of particle dynamics described at a larger scale than small elastic response times and displacements.
Vulnerable femininities: Implications for rural girls' schooling experiences in Swaziland

This paper draws on social constructionism to explore girls’ constructions of gender within three rural primary schools in Swaziland. HIV and AIDS in Swaziland have resulted in an unprecedented number of parental deaths, rendering young children, especially girls, susceptible to poverty, various forms of gender-based violence, and unwanted pregnancies. The paper sought to understand the ways in which these girls actively perform gender to navigate challenges associated with schooling within highly patriarchal contexts, and the implications of these on gender equality and the girls’ social and academic wellbeing. A qualitative narrative inquiry methodology was adopted, utilising individual and focus group interviews and participatory photovoice for data generation. The participants comprised of 15 purposively selected girls, aged between 12 and 16 years. The paper contributes to the ongoing debates on gender by raising consciousness of how understanding and addressing the schooling plight of girls (as a diverse social group) could be a useful strategy for social change and improved gender equitable relationships in schools.
Indicators of Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in Fishing Dependent Communities Along the Eastern and Gulf Coasts of the U . S . Marine Policy

Changing climatic conditions are affecting the relationship between fishing communities and the marine resources they depend on. This shift will require an adaptive response on the part of policy makers and fishery managers. In the U.S., the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established, in its fisheries agency (NOAA Fisheries), a set of social indicators of fishing community vulnerability and resilience to evaluate the impacts of changes in fishery management regimes. These indicators enhance the analytical capabilities within NOAA Fisheries for conducting fisheries social impact assessments and informing ecosystem-based fishery management. Building on the existing Community Social Vulnerability Indicators (CSVIs), new measures of climate change vulnerability are defined for the U.S. Eastern and Gulf coasts. These new indicators are used to assess the impact of sea level rise on critical commercial fishing infrastructure and the dependence of communities on species identified as vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Examples are provided in this article to demonstrate the utility of these new indicators to policy makers and the NOAA strategic goal for building resilient coastal communities that are environmentally and economically sustainable. Integration of CSVIs and the new climate change vulnerability indices highlight community needs for unique solutions in order to adapt to environmental and social changes and maintain their well-being. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Natural and artificial ageing of spruce wood as observed by FTIR-ATR and UVRR spectroscopy

Abstract Spruce samples, naturally aged for 200, 400 and 500 years, artificially aged by a hydrothermal treatment (at 180, 160 or 130°C, relative air humidities of 14%, 40%, or 60% and for treatment times between 1 to 50 h), as well as reference samples, were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy. Natural ageing mostly affected the hemicelluloses and lignin, as observed from the FTIR-ATR and UVRR spectra, respectively. The UVRR spectra of the same samples after acetone extraction indicated that lignin was partially degraded and quinone structures were possibly formed. Artificial ageing at 160°C showed a significant change in the lignin structure, a well-known effect in the thermal treatment of wood, whereas treatment at 130°C did not alter the wood structure to any significant extent. Principal component analysis of the UVRR spectra confirmed that the spectra of artificially aged wood up to 160°C are dissimilar to naturally aged wood and which are also dissimilar to unaged wood.
Pacific Rim Real Estate Society ( PRRES ) Conference 2000 Sydney , 23-27 January 2000 THE INFLUENCE OF CLIENTS ON VALUATIONS : THE CLIENT ’ S PERSPECTIVE

The high frequency with which references to the "political pressures" faced by valuers appear in the literature on valuation bias suggests that client influences are an important source of such bias. However, the volume of research that has considered explicitly the issue of client influence is small and almost entirely anecdotal in nature. Furthermore, all published studies focus on specific types of influence and are motivated by anecdotal evidence, media reports or the authors' personal experience. This article reports on the second part of a two-part study that seeks to redress these shortcomings. The study considers the theoretical potential for client influences to bias valuations, and assesses the validity of the resulting framework by seeking input from practising valuers and commissioning clients. The first part of the study involved a series of individual in-depth interviews with senior New Zealand Registered Valuers. Analysis of these interviews indicated that the primary factors affecting the degree to which clients influence valuations are the type of client, the characteristics of valuers and valuation firms, the purpose of the valuation and the information endowments of clients and valuers. The second part of the study, reported here, involved a series of individual interviews with senior New Zealand property executives responsible for the management of large portfolios of institutional-grade property assets. Our results indicate that clients with expertise and a high level of knowledge of the property market are able to influence valuers by way of expert and information power. Opportunities to exert influence are afforded by the fact that clients have a tight control over the valuation process in particular the common practice in New Zealand of permitting clients to review draft valuations prior to their formalisation.
Past, present and future biomes in Beringia: Comparison between simulations and pollen analysis

Abstract. Past, present and future biomes in Beringia, a region including Alaska and Eastern Russia, were simulated using an equilibrium vegetation model, BIOME4 and a statistical downscaling method in order to illustrate their geographical and temporal changes. Outputs form five CMIP5 models were utilized to represent the climate for four time periods, i.e., the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka), the mid-Holocene Optimum (6 ka), the modern period, and the near future (the end of this century under a RCP8.5 scenario). Present-day biome simulations were generally consistent with current vegetation observations in the study region. Pollen samples indicate that the Bering Land Bridge was covered almost entirely by cushionforb and graminoid tundra during the LGM, whereas the paleoclimate simulations show large across-model variations in this region. Three out of the five modelsʼ climate data produce evergreen and deciduous taiga at 21 ka in what is now southwestern Alaska and southeastern Bering continental shelf. The 6 ka simulations are in better agreement with pollen-based distributions of biomes. Future simulations show a general northward shift of biomes, including intrusions of cool and warm-temperate mixed, and cool coniferous forests above 60° N, especially in southwest Alaska.
Phonological development in hearing learners of a sign language: The role of sign complexity and iconicity

The present study implemented a sign-repetition task at two points in time to hearing adult learners of British Sign Language and explored how each phonological parameter, sign complexity, and iconicity affected sign production over an 11-week (22-hour) instructional period. The results show that training improves articulation accuracy and that some sign components are produced more accurately than others: Handshape was the most difficult, followed by movement, then orientation, and finally location. Iconic signs were articulated less accurately than arbitrary signs because the direct sign-referent mappings and perhaps their similarity with iconic co-speech gestures prevented learners from focusing on the exact phonological structure of the sign. This study shows that multiple phonological features pose greater demand on the production of the parameters of signs and that iconicity interferes in the exact articulation of their constituents.
Title: Adherence to Childhood Tuberculosis Treatment in Mozambique

Authors: Elisa López Varela*(1,3), Victor Guillermo Sequera*(1,2), Alberto L. García3 Basteiro(1,3,5), Orvalho Joaquim Augusto(3), Khatia Munguambe(3,4), Jahit Sacarlal (3,4), 4 Pedro Alonso (1,3) 5 (1) ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic Universitat de 6 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 7 (2) Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 8 Barcelona, Spain. 9 (3) Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Manhiça, Mozambique. 10 (4) Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique. 11 (5) Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam, The 12 Netherlands 13 *Both authors equally contributed 14 Corresponding author: Elisa López-Varela, MD, MPH, Centro de Investigação 15 em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), CP 1929 Maputo, Moçambique. E-mail: 16 elisa.lopez@manhica.net 17
The Characteristics of Occupational Students in Postsecondary Education. CCRC Brief Number 21.

This Brief presents a profile of the enrollment, demographic, and educational characteristics, and the educational goals, of community college students in occupational programs. It compares their features with those of community college students in academic programs and with baccalaureate students. This analysis further considers the distinct features of occupational students enrolled in certificate degree programs. The Brief stands alone as a comparative description of these students, but also provides important background material for CCRC’s companion Briefs on postsecondary occupational students, Educational Outcomes of Postsecondary Occupational Students and Who Benefits from Postsecondary Occupational Education? Findings from the 1980s and 1990s. Community college students, as defined here, are those taking for-credit courses at a two-year or less than two-year institution, or at a four-year institution; and are pursuing a certificate or associate degree, or seeking no degree. Thus, community college student is a descriptive term independent of the type of institution that the student is attending; rather, the designation is based on the student’s type of degree program. While we include some students at fouryear institutions because of their stated degree objective; nearly 90 percent of all community colleges students fitting this definition attend two-year or less than two-year institutions, with more than threequarters attending public two-year institutions. Occupational students constitute a group within the community college student population whose selfreported major is in one of the following vocational fields of study: agricultural business and production, agricultural sciences, business, communication technologies, computer and information science, construction, engineering, engineering technologies, health professions, home economics, mechanics and repair, personal services, precision production, protective services, science technologies, or transportation. Academic students also constitute a group of community colleges students; their selfreported major is in an academic field of study (humanities, mathematics, science, or social science). Baccalaureate students are those taking for-credit courses toward a bachelor’s degree at a four-year institution. The purpose of this profile of occupational students is to identify and highlight the distinctive enrollment and demographic characteristics of these students and to contrast them with other – and more widely studied – students in postsecondary education. We conclude the Brief with policy recommendations that could promote beneficial educational outcomes for postsecondary occupational students.
The importance of second-order interactions in a forest choice experiment. A partial log-likelihood analysis

Although it is known that main effects models could misrepresent individuals’ preferences in choice experiment appli-cations, a review of major journal articles suggests that the current practice is to obviate the second-order interaction designs. This article presents a partial log-likelihood analysis of a forest valuation study where interactions are found to be more important than some of the main effects.
Augmented Reality and Minimally Invasive Surgery

Augmented Reality (AR) is the process of superimposing live images with synthetic computer-generated images. AR can serve the surgeon during an operation to highlight anatomical details as a navigation tool. AR may be obtained from preoperative images or in real-time in the operating room. The process to obtain AR includes different phases: (1) generation of a virtual patient-specific model; (2) visualization of the model in the operative field; (3) registration, which corresponds to an accurate overlaying of the 3D model onto the real patient’s operative images. In this editorial, we provide a brief overview of the different available technologies and approaches for AR in MIS and we describe the challenges to obtain accurate, flexible and patient-specific real-time anatomical reconstruction.
ON THE MEANING OF CERTAIN COINTEGRATION TESTS*

In this paper we examine (some of) the cointegration tests suggested in Engle and Granger (1987), henceforth EG, those suggested by Johansen (1988), (1991), henceforth J, and those suggested in Dhrymes (1994b), henceforth D. We also explore the relations among the models underlying the various procedures. We find that the tests suggested by Johansen cannot possibly test either for the presence of cointegration or for its rank, but they can determine the cointegration vectors, if cointegration is known to hold and its rank is known as well.
The role of human milk oligosaccharides in preventing necrotising enterocolitis and human immunodeficiency virus transmission

Abstract The heavy burden of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has resulted in a high prevalence of premature births, with an associated increase in the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). NEC is a life-threatening inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that predominantly occurs in preterm infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are carbohydrate compounds which have been shown to have health-promoting effects through their bifidogenic and antiadhesive properties. There is a reduced incidence of NEC in infants who receive human milk, compared to those receiving infant formula. It is suggested that the oligosaccharides found within human milk may act as specific substrates in assisting the growth of selected beneficial bacteria, called probiotics. Probiotics are live microbial food ingredients which have been shown to have health-promoting effects. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium infantis have been used as probiotics to reduce the incidence of NEC. Furthermore, HMOs have been associated with protection against postnatal HIV transmission. HMOs may hold key responsibility for the prevention of NEC, and possibly the transmission of HIV, to infants in resource-limited settings and in a developing country, such as South Africa, where HIV plays a major role in the outcomes of preterm neonates.
Explaining galactic gamma ray excess in a conformal model

We study the excess 1-3 GeV gamma rays signal observed from the galactic center within a conformal model. The model has a dark sector with strong self interactions. This sector couples weakly with the Standard Model particles via a scalar messenger. The lightest dark sector particle is a pion-like fermion anti-fermion bound state. We find that the observed gamma ray excess at Fermi-LAT is nicely explained in terms of decay of the dark pions. The dark matter relic density is also explained by the freeze-in mechanism in which the dark pions are produced in the early Universe by annihilation and decay of standard model particles. We have used Higgs invisible decay and dark matter direct detection experiments in order to put bounds on the parameters of the model.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles, Using Combination of Two Different Sizes of Balls in Wet Ball Milling

The applications of nanoparticles are in biological Nano sensors, optoelectronics, Nano devices, Nano electronics, information storage ,catalysis and Nano fluids which differ significantly from size to size of nanoparticles. But controlling the size and preparation in bulk of nanoparticles eco-friendly is interesting. This paper reports on preparation of Cu nanoparticles by wet milling using a planetary ball mill, taking the combination of two different sizes of balls. The milled powder is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particles size analyzer. Samples have taken at 0, 18, 24, 30 and 40 hours after milling the powder. The crystal sizes of milled powder for different milling times are characterized. By increasing the milling time crystal size decreases. After 40 hours average crystal size of milled powder is 21nm.
en 31 HL 7 apy : a Python library to parse , create and handle HL 7 v 2 . x messages

HL7 version 2 is the most popular messaging standard for clinical systems interoperability. Most of the tools for messaging management are Java or . NET based, while Python programming language lacks of comparable solutions. This paper describes HL7apy, an open-source HL7 v2 compliant messaging library, written in Python. The library offers means to create, parse, navigate and validate messages. As an example application, we present a full implementation of the IHE Patient Demographics Query ITI-21 transaction. The resulting module has been integrated in GNU Health, a popular open-source Hospital Information System.
The Effect of Gender, Age and BMI on Postoperative C-Reactive Protein Levels After Major Abdominal Surgery

Background: The aim of this observational study was to analyze whether differences exist in postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in elderly, obese or for gender after major abdominal surgery, which might affect the diagnostic value of CRP. Methods: Observational cohort study was made between January 2009 and January 2011 of all adult patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. Medical records and radiology were reviewed. Complications were recorded based on the classification by Clavien-Dindo. CRP data were collected up to 14 days postoperatively, or until discharge. Results: Three hundred ninety-nine patients underwent major abdominal surgery. Seventy-four patients underwent upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, 91 patients underwent hepato-pancreatico-billiary (HPB) surgery and 234 underwent lower GI surgery. Two hundred thirty-five patients were male. Eighty-three patients presented with a major complication (20.8%). No effect of gender or age on postoperative CRP levels was observed. Although a positive correlation was observed for BMI, this did not hold in further regression analysis. Conclusions: No effect was observed for gender, age and BMI on postoperative CRP levels. It is proposed that the effect of surgical trauma and inflammation surpasses the effect of these related patient factors. The results further support the use of CRP as an independent marker of postoperative inflammation and complications. J Curr Surg. 2014;4(3):61-69 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jcs236w