Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Some Refined Vegetable Oils Sold in Mile One Market and Some Departmental Stores in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Physiochemical properties of some brands of edible oils (namely:- Turkey, Grand, Gino, tropical, Power, Mammador, local vegetable oil and kuli-kuli (raw/locally extracted groundnut oil) sold in mile 1 market, Everyday supermarket and Next-time supermarket in Port Harcourt, Rivers state were studied to determine their quality and compare the results with some standards. All the oils were characterized for flash point, cloud point, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, acid value and peroxide value using standard methods of analysis. The results obtained show that the free fatty acid contents of the local and kuli-kuli oils were higher (0.709 and 1.96 respectively) than the maximum recommended value of 0.3 by SON and NIS while other brands were within the range. The measured moisture content values for Turkey, Grand, Gino and Mammador were higher than the standard range of 0.05 in the samples from Mile 1 market and in some supermarkets. Specific gravity, melting point, and cloud point were satisfactory except for Grand that showed a different cloud point of less than 2. Iodine value for the local oil is 20.25 (Wij’s) indicating the predominance of lauric acid while that of kuli-kuli (94.6 Wij’s) suggests the predominance of Oleic acid. The other brands showed iodine value of 46-50 Wij’s which indicates predominance of palmitic acid except the Grand oil that had the highest value of 125-128 (Wij’s). Saponification values and unsaponifiable matter were within the standard range of saponification value (245- 255) and unsaponifiable matter (0.1-0.15) for all the brands. Acid and Peroxide values of all the brands showed results within the standard. These results of the measured parameters show that the oils sold in the supermarkets are better protected from light induced oxidation (photoxidation) than those sold in open markets. Keywords : Flash point, Cloud point, Iodine value, Saponification value, Unsaponifiable matter, Acid value, Peroxide value, Photoxidation, Hydroperoxide and Light.
Silent discharge ozonizer for colour removal of treated palm oil mill effluent using a simple high frequency resonant power converter

Palm oil agricultural and industry activities generate a great amount of by product, known as palm oil mills effluent (POME). The treatment conducted using membrane bioreactor has successfully removed the heavy organic component of POME but the water that remains still contain colour as its by product. This paper proposed the use of a simple silent discharge ozonizer in colour removal of treated palm oil mill effluent (POME). The ozonizer chamber was developed from a simple planar metal dielectric barrier discharge construction. A simple high frequency power converter as power supply to the chamber was designed based on resonance phenomena. This power supply converted a direct current low voltage input into high frequency and high sinusoidal voltage output. This high voltage created micro electrical discharges inside chamber to generate ozone from oxygen molecules. At normal atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature, this ozonizer produced ozone concentration up to 1800 ppm. Ozone in a certain concentration was injected into the treated POME water through a diffuser for several minutes. As the result, the colour of treated POME water has successfully changed from 100 mg/l Pt. Co into 40 mg/l Pt. Co or lower. Visually, water colour below 40mg/l Pt. Co is considered clear. Extended the time of ozone treatment upto 15 minute has successfully reach colour abatement below 15 mL/l Pt. Co which accords to World Health Organiation (WHO) recommendation for Colour in drinking water.
Pediatric Unintentional Injury: Behavioral Risk Factors and Implications for Prevention

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for children and adolescents between the ages of 1 and 18 in the United States, accounting for more deaths than the next 20 causes of mortality combined. It is estimated that pediatric injury accounts for more than $50 billion in annual losses from medical care costs, future wages, and quality of life. Despite these numbers, much remains to be learned about the behavioral risks for pediatric unintentional injury. This article reviews behavioral risk factors for pediatric unintentional injury risk, with a particular focus on four broad areas. First, we discuss the effects of demographic risk factors, including gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Second, we present information about child-specific risk factors, including temperament, personality, psychopathology, and cognitive development. Third, we discuss the influence of parents and other primary caregivers on childhood injury risk, with a particular focus on the effects of supervision and parenting quality and style. Finally, we discuss the role of peers on child injury risk. We conclude with a discussion of the ways in which the material reviewed has been translated into injury prevention techniques, with a focus on how pediatricians might use knowledge about etiological risk to prioritize safety counseling topics. We also present thoughts on four priorities for future research: injury risk in diverse nations and cultures; developmental effects of injury; the influence of multiple risk factors together on injury risk; and translation of knowledge about risk for injury into intervention and prevention techniques.
An improvement of on-line Japanese character recognition system for visually disabled persons

We developed an online Japanese character entry system with handwriting input device for visually disabled persons (particularly, acquired blind persons). This system is composed of an electric tablet for writing a character, a hand controller for controlling the system condition, a recognition algorithm of handwritten characters, and a voice synthesizer which indicates a recognized character. We investigated the characteristics of Japanese character distortion written by visually disabled persons. As the result, we found that a relative position of stroke representative points (a stroke means a continuous line segment from pen-down to pen-up) in the partial pattern is stable, even if the written characters were extremely distorted. Therefore we already proposed a character recognition method based on the relative direction between two strokes (the RDS method) for characters written by visually disabled person. However, as the number of feature parameters of the RDS method are decreasing for the characters having less than 5 strokes, recognition errors are increasing. This paper describes the fusion (improvement) method by which a method based on the line segment directions in a stroke is added to the RDS method. From the experimental results, total recognition rate of a 92.5% (cumulative rates for the three best candidate of a 99.1%) are obtained from 1192 Japanese characters test for 11 persons.
Technology for the Prevention of “les Maladies Produites par la Masturbation”

American inventors traditionally have tried to meet the perceived needs of society. If society defines certain behavior as a problem, then some tinkerer or another will try to solve the problem through innovative technology. One of the more interesting examples of popular inventions deals with the widespread 19th-century belief in masturbatory insanity. Generations of Americans grew up fearing they would go insane if they masturbated. The source of these beliefs can be traced back to an 18th-century Swiss physician, S. A. D. Tissot. ' Tissot taught that one of the basic causes of illness and death was the wasting away of body energy. The most dangerous of such wastes, and yet the one that could be controlled, was that brought on by masturbation. Those who masturbated would soon have a cloudiness of ideas, suffer a decay of their bodily power, experience acute pains in their head, be afflicted with pimples on their face, and eventually lose their power of generation. Females were likely to be subject to hysterical fits, violent cramps, ulceration of the matrix, and uterine tremors. Tissot's ideas reached America at the end of the 18th century through the works of Benjamin Rush, the dominant medical voice of the Revolutionary period and best known as a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Rush taught that all disease could be reduced to one basic causal model, bodily energy, and either the diminution or increase of such energy led to disease. Diminution of energy led to direct debility, while increase led to indirect debility; once the nervous system
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation: a target for treating thromboembolic disease?

Summary. The classic intrinsic pathway of coagulation is triggered by contact activation of the plasma protease factor (F)XII, followed by sequential proteolytic activation of FX1 and FIX. While a key mechanism for initiating coagulation in some clinically useful in vitro assays, the absence of abnormal bleeding associated with congenital FXII deficiency indicates that the intrinsic pathway is not important for normal blood coagulation in vivo. However, recent work with mice lacking FXII or FXI suggest that these proteases make important contributions to formation of pathologic intravascular thrombi. In models of arterial injury, FXII or FXI null mice are protected from formation of platelet rich occlusive thrombi to a degree similar to that seen in FIX deficient mice (a model for the severe bleeding disorder hemophilia B) or to wild type mice treated with high dose heparin. FXII or FXI deficiency does not appear to prevent the initiation of thrombus formation in these models, but instead causes significant thrombus instability that prevents occlusion of the vessel. These findings raise the possibility that a pathway similar or identical to the intrinsic pathway may operate in vivo under some circumstances. Furthermore, the disproportionate importance of FXII and FXI to occlusive thrombus formation compared to normal hemostasis makes these proteases attractive candidates for therapeutic inhibitors to treat or prevent thromboembolic disorders.
Phytochemical Screening of Essential Oil of Citrus sinensis by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector

Citrus sinensis commonly called sweet orange belongs to the family Rutaceae. Nutritionally, it is highly recommended due to its high content of micronutrients. However, the rejection of a large amount of epicarp in nature contributes to the emission of greenhouse gas and the development of leachate which contaminate surface water and groundwater. The aim of this work was to identify the essential oil components from Citrus sinensis epicarp, and then look after the biological activity of these components in order to underline the worth to reuse the Citrus sinensis epicarp as a gainful mean. The essential oil of 4,000 g of Citrus sinensis epicarp was done through the water steam distillation and 0.0287 g of essential oil was obtained; so a yield of 0.0007%. The essential oil was then submitted to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The result revealed that the essential oil was teemed with 28 volatile compounds, including terpene compounds (50%), aldehydes (32%) and alcohols (18%) whose anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, larvicidal and antioxidant activities were underlined.
Detection of antibody to Salmonella enteritidis and S typhimurium in the yolk of hens' eggs

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect IgG antibodies to Salmonella enteritidis and S typhimurium in the yolk of hens' eggs. Better discrimination and more consistent results were obtained between eggs from experimentally infected and uninfected hens by using saline-dilution of yolk rather than chloroform extraction. Threshold absorbance values were determined in three salmonella-free flocks, and on the basis of these results ELISA optical density values greater than 0.25 were considered to be positive for antibodies to salmonella. Four flocks with a history of salmonella infection were examined; three contained birds which were seropositive for S enteritidis by ELISA and from which S enteritidis was isolated, and a large proportion of eggs from these birds contained antibody to S enteritidis. Eggs from the fourth flock had no detectable antibody, although serum antibody was detected in some birds. No salmonellae were isolated from the yolks of the eggs from any of the four flocks.
Treatment of a Unilateral Complete Lingual Crossbite in An Adult with Skeletal Anchorage Assisted Orthodontics

An asymmetry caused by a complete lingual crossbite can compromise aesthetics and impair occlusal function. The following case report describes the correction of a complete lingual crossbite using orthodontic mini implants and mini-plates to achieve absolute anchorage. A comprehensive correction of the crossbite and re-establishment of the buccal occlusion was achieved.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Gaia-ESO Survey

Context. High-resolution spectroscopic surveys of stars indicate that the Milky Way thin and thick discs follow different paths in the chemical space deﬁned by [ α/ Fe] vs [Fe / H] , suggesting possibly different formation mechanisms for each of these structures. Aims. We investigate, using the Gaia-ESO Survey internal Data-Release 2 , the properties of the double sequence of the Milky Way discs (deﬁned chemically as the high − α and low − α populations), and discuss their compatibility with discs deﬁned by other means such as metallicity, kine- matics or positions. Methods. This investigation uses two different approaches: in velocity space for stars located in the extended Solar neighbourhood, and in chem- ical space for stars at different ranges of Galactocentric radii and heights from the Galactic mid-plane. The separation we ﬁnd in velocity space allows us to investigate, in a novel manner, the extent in metallicity of each of the two sequences, identifying them with the two discs, without making any assumption about the shape of their metallicity distribution functions. Then, using the separation in chemical space, adopting the magnesium abundance as a tracer of the α − elements, we characterise the spatial variation of the slopes of the [ α/ Fe] − [Fe / H] sequences for the thick and thin discs and the way in which the relative proportions of the two discs change across the Galaxy. Results. We ﬁnd that the thick disc, deﬁned as the stars tracing the high − α sequence, extends up to super-solar metallicities ( [Fe / H] ≈ +0 . 2 dex ) and the thin disc, deﬁned as the stars tracing the low − α sequence, at least down to [Fe / H] ≈ − 0 . 8 dex , with hints pointing towards even lower values. Radial and vertical gradients in α − abundances are found for the thin disc, with mild spatial variations in its [ α/ Fe] − [Fe / H] paths, whereas for the thick disc we do not detect any such spatial variations, in agreement with results obtained recently from other high-resolution spectroscopic surveys. Conclusions. The small variations in the spatial [ α/ Fe] − [Fe / H] paths of the thin disc do not allow us to distinguish between formation models of this structure. On the other hand, the lack of radial gradients and [ α/ Fe] − [Fe / H] variations for the thick disc indicate that the mechanism responsible for the mixing of the metals in the young Galaxy (e.g. radial stellar migration or turbulent gaseous disc) was more efﬁcient before the (present) thin disc started forming.
Improving Nastalique specific pre-recognition process for Urdu OCR

Urdu language is written using Arabic script in Nastalique writing style. Nastalique script is highly cursive, context sensitive and is hard to process as only the last character in its ligature sits on the baseline. In addition, it exhibits character and ligature level spatial overlap. Due to these factors, the placement of dots and other diacritics is also highly contextual and variable. There is now increasing amount of work to process and recognize Nastalique script to develop Urdu OCR. This paper proposes improvements to these methods. The paper focuses on Nastalique specific pre-processing methods which can be employed before the text recognition process. The recognition and post recognition processes will be addressed separately.
The role of rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis—is it worth it?

Multiple Sclerosis is a complex immune-mediated disease that causes demyelination and degeneration within the brain and spinal cord. This may result in muscle global weakness, abnormal tone, visual disturbances, decreased sensation, tremor/ataxia, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction, fatigue and impaired ambulation. Those symptoms cause disability and have a huge impact on quality of life (QOL).
Modeling and reduction of PSNR fluctuations in 3D wavelet coding

We study the effects of the quantization of the three-dimensional wavelet transform coefficients, encoded using a 3D zerotree-based compression scheme. The processing of the quantization error operated by the synthesis filter bank actually determines a modulation of the reconstruction error statistics. This effect entails a non-negligible and potentially objectionable PSNR oscillation among adjacent slices of the decoded 3D data-set, which, e.g. in the biomedical field, would typically be used jointly to reach a diagnosis. In particular, we propose a cyclostationary model of the error statistics fluctuations and an experimental validation of the model itself. Moreover some strategies to reduce such oscillation are suggested and evaluated.
The Effects of Digital Game Play on Second Language Interaction

This paper reports on a study into the effects of digital game play on learners' interaction in English as a foreign language. 30 Thai learners of English enrolled in a 15-week University language course completed 18 face-to-face classroom lessons, as well as six sessions playing Ragnarok Online, a popular online role-playing game. The game had been altered to include a number of quests for learners to complete. To gauge the effects of playing the games, participants' language use in both text and voice chats was recorded and analysed. Game play resulted in a large and significant increase in English interaction that used a wider range of discourse functions, and also resulted in significantly more frequent contributions compared with English interaction in class. We discuss some of the theoretical and pedagogical implications of these findings.
The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II.

AIMS The present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of a newly adapted Chinese version of an instrument designed to measure structural empowerment among staff nurses. BACKGROUND Structural empowerment has been shown to be important to nurses in Western cultures, but its importance in China is unknown. METHODS A convenience sample of 650 staff nurses was selected from six hospitals in Harbin, China. After linguistic adaptation using the forward-backward translation method, the 19-item Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II (CWEQ-II-CV) was answered by participants. Content validity, Cronbach's alpha, item-to-total correlation and exploratory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the translated instrument. RESULTS In the factor analysis, a six-factor solution was found to be reasonable with the sub-dimensions of structural empowerment that included support (three items), resources (three items), information (three items), opportunity (three items), formal power (three items) and informal power (four items). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total instrument was 0.92 and ranged from 0.68 to 0.86 in the six subscales. The item-to-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.80. The findings also gave support for content validity. CONCLUSIONS Evidence was found to support the reliability and validity of the CWEQ-II-CV scale that measures the quality of the work environment for nurses from a structural empowerment perspective. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The translated version of CWEQ-II-CV can provide an effective evaluation tool for structural empowerment in the Chinese nursing workplace.
A Pharmacokinetic Model of a Tissue Implantable Cortisol Sensor

Cortisol is an important glucocorticoid hormone whose biochemistry influences numerous physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, it is a biomarker of interest for a number of conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder, Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, and others. An implantable biosensor capable of real time monitoring of cortisol concentrations in adipose tissue may revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders, as well as provide an invaluable research tool. Toward this end, a mathematical model, informed by the physiological literature, is developed to predict dynamic cortisol concentrations in adipose, muscle, and brain tissues, where a significant number of important processes with cortisol occur. The pharmacokinetic model is applied to both a prototypical, healthy male patient and a previously studied Cushing's disease patient. The model can also be used to inform the design of an implantable sensor by optimizing the sensor dissociation constant, apparent delay time, and magnitude of the sensor output versus system dynamics. Measurements from such a sensor would help to determine systemic cortisol levels, providing much needed insight for proper medical treatment for various cortisol‐related conditions.
Incidence, treatment options, and outcomes of lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Purpose of review An associative and mechanistic link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer has long been suspected. This review describes the current understanding of the incidence, mechanism of association, treatment options, and outcome for lung cancer with COPD. Recent findings COPD patients have an increased risk of lung cancer that is independent of smoking. New evidence suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the severity of airflow obstruction and the risk of lung cancer. Chronic inflammation associated with COPD may play a role in the development of lung cancer, and targeting airway inflammation with inhaled corticosteroids has been suggested as a possible preventive strategy. Although surgical lobectomy remains the standard of care for early stage lung cancer, less invasive approaches such as sublobar resection, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and radiofrequency ablation are promising techniques for patients with limited pulmonary reserve. Summary Progress is being made in identifying mechanistic links between COPD and lung cancer, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for both disorders. Patients with COPD are likely to benefit from less-invasive surgical and nonsurgical treatment strategies for lung cancer, but further study is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these procedures.
Domain general neurocognitive networks

The clinical neurology of speech production has long been mounted on the assumption of functional localization to the Broca area. Since its inception, however, this notion has proved controversial.1 The Wernicke-Lichtheim tradition, which continues, in its more recent incarnations, to underpin worldwide neurologic practice, postulated a strictly localized center for speech production. A second line of thought, represented by neurologists such as Hughlings Jackson, Sigmund Freud, and Alexander Luria, conceived of language production as hierarchical gradients organized around, but extending beyond, motor mechanisms of speech production. Arguably, the strictly regional model has exerted a greater influence on neurologic practice, giving weight to the notion that residual poststroke production of meaningful language relies primarily, if not entirely, on the extent of regional destruction.