Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations on seaweed attachment to bivalve shells in Peter the Great Bay (East Sea) and their taphonomic implications

Observations in beach, intertidal and upper subtidal environments in Peter the Great Bay (north-western East Sea) have shown that attached algae were found on empty shells of 13 species of epifaunal and infaunal bivalve mollusks. Thirteen algae species were identified on empty dislodged shells but more than 50 species are known to be epibiotic on living bivalves. The dislodgement of shells with attached algae takes place in semi-enclosed, low-energy areas, as well as those which are open and affected by strong wave action, indicating the large scale of this phenomenon. The significance of seaweed transportation of living mollusks and their empty shells in the coastal zone, involving both taphonomic and ecological processes, is stressed. Algae appear to be a taphonomic agent and play a similar role as compared to birds or hermit crabs, but they act passively and contribute to environmental mixing in death assemblages in coastal environments.
Effect of depressed mood on eating among obese and nonobese dieting and nondieting persons.

This study explored the relationship among obesity, depressed mood, current dieting habits, and eating. Depressed or nondepressed mood was induced in obese are nonobese dieters and nondieters. As predicted, dieters ate more when depressed than when nondepressed, and nondieters ate less when depressed than when nondepressed. That is, both groups reversed their typical eating patterns when depressed. Also as predicted, among depressed students, dieters ate more than nondieters; among nondepressed students, dieters at less than nondieters. The above pattern of results was found both for obese students and for nonobese students. Dieting habits were highlighted as a more salient variable than obesity in predicting eating responses to depressed mood. These findings are discussed with respect to the psychosomatic theory of obesity, Schachter's stimulus-binding theory of obesity, previous investigations of clinical depression, and Herman and Polivy's theory of restrained eating.
Développement postembryonnaire du squelette céphalique en relation avec les changements morphologiques externes chez Labeo parvus (Ostariophysi, Cyprinidae)

Le développement postembryonnaire de la morphologie externe et du squelette céphalique chez Labeo parvus a été étudié de la fin de l’éclosion à 29 jours (j) post-éclosion. Pendant cette période, la croissance moyenne est de 1,7 mm/ jour. La bouche s’ouvre à 18 h et le sac vitellin est résorbé à 36 h. A l’éclosion aucune structure cartilagineuse n’est observée. À 18 h, les trabécules, les plaques paracordales, le plancher des capsules otiques, les cartilages de Meckel, les hyosymplectiques, les cératohyaux et les trois premiers cératobranchiaux sont visibles. À 24 h, les quatrième et cinquième cérato-branchiaux sont formés. À 36 h, les capsules otiques, les taeniae marginales, la plaque ethmoïdienne, les palatocarrés, les hypohyaux, le basibranchial, les 4 paires d’hypobranchiaux et la ceinture scapulaire se mettent en place. Entre 36 h et 4 j, le chondocrâne se développe. À 10 j, toutes les structures importantes sont formées et le chondocrâne entre en régression. Les premières structures osseuses comme les operculaires, les mâchoires pharyngiennes et leurs dents apparaissent à 4 j. Les operculaires sont bien développés à 6 j et la larve est capable déjà de créer un courant d’eau d’avant en arrière. À 8 j, la mandibule, les prémaxillaires, les maxillaires et une paire de rayons branchiostèges apparaissent. À 10 j, le parasphénoïde et le basioccipital apparaissent pour former le plancher de la boîte crânienne et empêcher tout impact de prise de nourriture exogène sur la base du cerveau. De 14 à 29 j, de nouvelles structures osseuses apparaissent et rendent la boîte crânienne plus performante.
N DIGESTION AND METABOLISM IN PIGS: A SHORT REVIEW

SUMMARY Starch increased standardized ileal digestibility of crude protein, while cellulose and pectin had no significant effect on the digestibility of crude protein. Both cellulose and pectin reduced significantly (P<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein and amino acids, while starch decreased (P<0.05) total tract apparent digestibility of phenylalanine compared with the control. The bacterial contribution of arginine in faeces was higher (P<0.05) in the cellulose treatment, while pectin reduced (P<0.05) the bacterial contribution of leucine in faeces compared with the control. Bacterial activity in caecum and colon can only explain the reduced apparent total tract digestibility values for arginine in the cellulose treatment, but not for the other amino acids in the cellulose and pectin treatment, suggesting higher endogenous losses of these amino acids in the large intestine. It is suggested that other factors such as a high mucin secretion may be responsible of lower values for total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein and amino acids.
Foreword

The word 'performative' haunts this issue of Aft er all. Performative has two contrasting and yet not incompatible meanings here. In one context, it refers simply to the act of performing in public, or recording that action for later presentation. The body is always implicated in this meaning, sometimes in terms of an exceptional agility, at other times as a fragile mark of the universal human scale against which to measure abstract notions such as society, history or pleasure. Art and its critics are relatively happy with this use of the word. It describes what art does most obviously, capturing an immanent and fleeting quality and articulating its ambitions in terms of an individual protagonist. The second potential context for 'performative' is taken less from cultural discourse than from administration, though the two have been inseperable since Adorno's Culture and Administration. In this second sense, the word is associated not with action in the present but with the possibility of an effective outcome as a result of an activity already carried out. Under its administrative charge, we are asked to consider what function art might perform, and how that might be measured. In these terms, art's performativity could be judged by what happens as a consequence of its appearance. It seems that this second understanding is brought to bear most often on art that directly approaches questions of social distress or marginalisation through the actions or materials used by the subjects of the work. The critic of such projects might ask 'do things get "better"for the people engaged or depicted in the work? ', and provide a considered, though unquestion ably subjective, opinion. What is at stake here is a judgement of the recipient or critic rather than a description of an artistic manoeuvre. That judgement then determines to a large degree the success or failure of the artwork itself.
OPTIMIZATION OF POLYSACCHARIDE-RICH FRACTIONATION FROM MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L. FRUIT BASED ON IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECT IN VITRO

Morinda citrifolia L. fruits are rich in polysaccharides of which are non toxic and possess hospes-mediated-antitumor potential. In Indonesia, noni fruit has been used empirically to enhance immune system. Previous research revealed that noni polysaccharide-rich fraction showed macrophage activity enhance-ment. This research aimed to optimize the method of noni-polysaccharides-rich fractionation using four different methods for polysaccharide isolation (method I, II, III, IV) and to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of the isolated polysaccharides on macrophages and lymphocytes activities. Immunostimulatory effects were examined on male Balb/c mice in vitro . The polysaccharides were evaluated by phenol sulfuric acid test. Qualitative methods were used to detect the phytochemical characteristic. Total phenolic content was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau method. The study showed different methods resulted in different yields, phytochemical characteristics and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides-rich fraction. The phytochemical test from method I, III and IVb revealed the presence of alkaloid. Method II resulted fractions with the presence of saponin. There were no protein and phenolic substances detected from all methods. The highest result of polysaccharide content was found in method IVb (32.58%). Method III showed the highest activity on phagocytic activity of the macrophage, while method IVb exhibited the highest stimulation on lymphocyte proliferation. Key words : Isolation method, polysaccharide, Morinda citrifolia L. immunostimulatory effect
Reflection of acoustic waves at a water–sediment interface

Reflection and refraction of plane acoustic waves are studied for the case where the sediment is modeled as a porous viscoelastic medium. The model is based on the classical work of Biot which predicts that three different kinds of attenuating body wave may propagate in the sediment. As a consequence when homogeneous plane waves in water are incident to a water–sediment interface, three nonhomogeneous waves are generated in the sediment. In these waves the direction of phase propagation and the direction of maximum attenuation are not the same and particle motion follows an elliptic path. Moreover the velocity and attenuation of the refracted waves become dependent on the angle of incidence and no ’’critical’’ angle occurs. Numerical examples show that in some cases the reflectivity of a porous viscoelastic model differs significantly from the case where the sediment is modeled as a viscoelastic solid with constant complex modulus. Finally because of the frequency dependence of reflectivity in the porous .
Functional analysis of murine CD43 shedding : a role for the CD43 cytoplasmic tail in nuclear signalling

CD43, a representative of the leukocyte mucin family proteins, is a transmembrane protein highly expressed on most lymphohemopoietic cells and is believed to play a role in the regulation of leukocyte activation and/or migration. CD43 was shown to be proteolytically shed from human cells and high concentrations of soluble CD43 have been found in human plasma. The biological significance of CD43 shedding however remains enigmatic. To study the functional significance of CD43 shedding, we initiated our study by investigating whether CD43 shedding also occurs in the murine system and confirmed using flow cytometry, Western blot and ELISA techniques that murine CD43 is cleaved from the cell surface as is observed in the human system. To examine the biological significance of CD43 shedding, we designed and constructed non-sheddable forms of murine CD43. Ectopic expression of non-sheddable CD43 molecules in primary CD43 deficient bone marrow cells showed that these CD43 mutants have serious negative impacts on cell viability, revealing CD43 shedding as an essential process and implying that the CD43 mutants interfered with intracellular signaling processes. Our data support the hypothesis that CD43 ectodomain shedding is a requirement for release of the cytoplasmic domain and its translocation to the nucleus. In support of our hypothesis, we confirmed that the CD43 cytoplasmic domain is localized in the nucleus and is modified by SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) peptides. In an attempt to determine the functional significance of CD43 nuclear translocation and SUMO modification, we examined nuclei from hemopoietic cells more closely and observed that the CD43 cytoplasmic tail is localized in a subnuclear structure called promyelocytic nuclear bodies, which control many nuclear functions including apoptosis. Consistent with this observation we find that leukocytes from CD43 deficient mice have an increased apoptotic response upon growth factor
The perceptual reality of tone chroma in early infancy

In the framework of a habituation‐recovery paradigm, we presented 40 infants, aged 70–110 days, two cyclically repeating melodic sequences of pure tones. The habituation sequence, A B C A B C …, was the same for all infants; its component tones, A, B, and C, had a level of 80 dB SPL and respective frequencies of 736.7, 487.4, and 428.1 Hz. B and C were replaced by X and Y in the test sequence, A X Y A X Y …, which had three different versions, heard by three separate groups of infants. For each group, X and Y were 85 dB SPL and X Y was an exact musical transposition of B C at lower frequencies. The interval between B and X (and C and Y) was equal to 1003 cents for group 1 (N = 12), 1200 cents—i.e., one octave—for group 2 (N = 16), and 1389 cents for group 3 (N = 12). Significant reactions to the sequence change were observed in groups 1 and 3, but not in group 2. Young infants would therefore seem to perceive as strongly similar two pure tones one octave apart. This tends to support nativist explanations .
The Compound and Mixed Nests of American Ants

OF the many symbiotic relations known to exist between ants and other living organisms, whether animals or plants, few are more interesting than the relations between ants of different species or even genera that live together in the same nests on terms of mutual toleration or intimacy. In this country, nevertheless, studies like those of Forel ('74), Adlerz ('84,'86,'96), and Wasmann ('91) on the compound and mixed nests of European ants have scarcely been undertaken, notwithstanding the fact that our own ant fauna is known to present numerous cases no less remarkable than those which have been so carefully studied abroad. Sufficient evidence of the truth of this remark will be found in the description of a hitherto unknown form of compound nest which is made the basis of the present paper. This is in many respects so unlike any of the recorded compound nests that it seems worth while, if only
Hsa-miR-133b Expression Profile during Cardiac Progenitor Cell Differentiation and its Inhibitory Effect on SRF Expression

Cardiac cell differentiation with the help of miRNAs has recently opened a promising window for the restoration of myocardial infarction. Independent miR-1-2/133a-1 and miR-206/133b clusters are known to be expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles, respectively. miR-133b differs from miR-133a by only one nucleotide. The sequence similarity of these two miRNAs suggests that they target the same pathways and similar mRNA targets. The present study seeks to determine if miR-133b is expressed during the cardiac cell differentiation and if its expression is in reverse correlation with the SRF and CCND2 (as potential target genes) expression patterns. Methods: Human cardiac progenitor cells were prepared from Royan Stem Cell Bank (RSCB) and differentiated into cardiomyocytes. To initiate differentiation, cells were treated with 5-azacytidine as a demethylation factor. Then, ascorbic acid and TGFB1 were added every other day and twice per week, respectively. Differentiation into cardiomyocytes was confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC), flow cytometry and real- time PCR for some of the cardiac marker genes. The expression profiles of hsa-miR-133b and two of its potential target genes were also analyzed during the cardiac differentiation. Results: Three weeks after the first differentiation induction, expression level of hsa-miR- 133b was approximately five times higher than early stage expression (p<0.05). During this process, the expression profile of SRF target gene was inversely correlated with hsa- miR-133b expression. Conclusion: It is known that SRF is critically involved in the cell cycle. Considering increased miR-133b and decreased SRF expression levels during the late stages of heart cell differentiation, here we speculate that elevated expression of miR-133b blocks SRF expression and decreases cardiomyocytes proliferation in order to induce differentiation with direct targeting of SRF. Taken together, our data suggest that miR-133b along with miR-133a may be involved in cardiomyocytes differentiation.
InterCluster-A Tool to Cluster Protein-Protein Interactions: Datamining of Protein Interactions in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

A growing number of diseases seem to be associated with protein aggregation and each disease has several proteins involved in it. To obtain a better understanding of the diseases, the proteins involved in them and their primary interaction partners were collected and clustered. A tool is developed to aid in clustering these proteins and all their primary interactors. The tool is used to cluster proteins involved in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and their primary interactors. A cluster was selected for analysis based on the availability of experimental analysis in literature. The localization of the proteins in the chosen cluster was collected. On analyzing, four of the proteins in the cluster was found to be associated with heparin binding. Primary open angle glaucoma is known to be associated with loss of retinal vasculature. The tool has helped in finding a cluster of protein interactions with more experimental data. Also it has helped in finding out the 4 proteins associated with the disease that are involved in heparin binding from 10500 proteins. This would not have been possible to do manually. Further studying the role of these four proteins based on heparin binding and loss of vasculature in primary open angle glaucoma would give a better understanding of the disease and the molecular mechanism involved in it.
Differences in dive behaviour among the world's three narwhal Monodon monoceros populations correspond with dietary differences

Satellite tracking of animals can provide information on their foraging behaviour, behavioural flexibility, and potential prey. Differences in diet among narwhals Monodon mono ceros from the Baffin Bay (BB), East Greenland (EG) and Northern Hudson Bay (NHB) populations have been detected using stable isotope analysis. Presumably, differences in diet should cor respond to differences in dive behaviour among populations, which we evaluated using satellitelinked tags. Thirty-four narwhals were equipped with transmitters in order to evaluate the total number of dives and time spent in pre-defined depth categories. Repeated-measures ANOVAs found narwhals from EG made significantly more dives and spent more time in the mid-water column compared to other populations. NHB narwhals made more dives in the deep zone than in the mid-water region. BB narwhals spent time and made most dives within the upper water column and the deep zone, which suggests deep-dwelling prey may contribute substantially to their diet. Within the BB and EG populations there were sex-specific differences in time spent at depth and we identified seasonal changes in diving for all populations. This is the first study to compare dive behaviour in all 3 of the world’s narwhal populations. We found that dive behaviour differences among populations paralleled differences in diet. Results suggest that narwhals employ specialized foraging strategies, which have repercussions on their potential ability to adapt to ecosystem changes.
Hedonic Price Analysis of Ex-Vessel Cod Markets in Norway

Despite seafood markets becoming increasingly globalized with common price determination processes, there is increasing evidence of heterogeneity within these markets, creating differentiation opportunities and new margins that producers can optimize. In particular, an increasing number of studies using hedonic price functions show that attributes such as size, quality, and harvesting process have value. These studies primarily focus on different attributes in product space. There is also increasing evidence that social considerations in fisheries management create inefficiencies that may show up as differences between vessel groups, but this may also result in regional price differences. In this study we have detailed data on Norwegian landings of cod by region. This allows us to investigate whether the margins vary by region, indicating market heterogeneity also in the geographical dimension. While the basic attributes, and particularly size, are most important, the results indicate that attribute values do vary by region. This indicates that the margins that fishers and buyers optimize over vary geographically, possibly because of resource availability, regional market differences, or management-created constraints. It is also of interest to note that higher prices for passive gear such as longline are primarily associated with mobile oceangoing vessels.
The Evolution of Clutch Size and Hatching Asynchrony in Altricial Birds: The Effect of Environmental Variability, Egg Failure and Predation

able offspring losses due to egg inviability, predation rate, costs of brood reduction and environmental variability are considered together, in order to evaluate their joint effect and relative significance in the evolution of the clutch size in a fluctuating environment. The model shows, when laying additional eggs to track environmental variability and/or insure against egg inviability is of selective advantage. Environmental variability seems to be a key factor governing the pay-off of brood size adjustment. However, in contrast to Lack's "brood reduction" hypothesis, asynchronous hatching ensures not only the establishment of competitive asymmetries among chicks, but also significantly reduces the impact of predation on fitness of birds. The model predicts that laying surplus eggs may evolve when the daily risk of predation is high, provided that the extra eggs hatch asynchronously.
The impact of maternal protein intake and litter size on organ and stress axis development in the house mouse (Mus musculus)

ii Acknowledgments. iv List of Tables . vii List of Illustrations . ix List of Abbreviations . xi CHAPTER ONE: The impact of maternal protein intake and litter size on organ development in the house mouse (Mus musculus) Introduction . 1 Material and methods . 4 Results . 8 Discussion . 9 References . 14
Exclusive Dealing

arrangements which Richard Posner has lumped under the heading of restricted distribution, exclusive dealing differs from other members in that it need not entail limits on competition among dealers handling a particular brand. For example, while exclusive territories and resale price maintenance have both been interpreted as devices to insulate dealers from intrabrand competition, a manufacturer could, in principle, insist that dealers handle its products exclusively while simultaneously refusing to restrict either the number or pricing policies of those dealers.Other members of this class have lately been subjected to a considerable amount of attention in the economics literature and, partly in response to this attention, the legal status of restricted istribution has proven remarkably fluid. Though exclusive dealing has not attracted as much interest as other restricted istribution arrangements,2 it is often found in conjunction with
Rearing of Cardiochiles nigriceps in the Laboratory, with Heliothis virescens as Hosts

One of the most important parasitoids of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), is the braconid Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck (Chamberlain and Tenhet 1926), reported specific to H. virescens by Lewis and Brazzel (1966). Later, Lewis et al. (1967) reported that H. subflexa (Guenee) would serve also as a host.