Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brown adipose tissue lipoprotein and glucose disposal is not determined by thermogenesis in uncoupling protein 1-deficient mice

Adaptive thermogenesis is highly dependent on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a protein expressed by thermogenic adipocytes present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). Thermogenic capacity of human and mouse BAT can be measured by positron emission tomography-computed tomography quantifying the uptake of 18F-fluodeoxyglucose or lipid tracers. BAT activation is typically studied in response to cold exposure or treatment with β-3-adrenergic receptor agonists such as CL316,243 (CL). Currently, it is unknown whether cold-stimulated uptake of glucose or lipid tracers is a good surrogate marker of UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. In metabolic studies using radiolabeled tracers, we found that glucose uptake is increased in mildly cold-activated BAT of Ucp1−/− versus WT mice kept at subthermoneutral temperature. Conversely, lower glucose disposal was detected after full thermogenic activation achieved by sustained cold exposure or CL treatment. In contrast, uptake of lipoprotein-derived fatty acids into chronically activated thermogenic adipose tissues was substantially increased in UCP1-deficient mice. This effect is linked to higher sympathetic tone in adipose tissues of Ucp1−/− mice, as indicated by elevated levels of thermogenic genes in BAT and WAT. Thus, glucose and lipoprotein handling does not necessarily reflect UCP1-dependent thermogenic activity, but especially lipid uptake rather mirrors sympathetic activation of adipose tissues.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Ovarian Reserve: Update on Assessing Ovarian Function

Abstract Context Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells of small, growing follicles in the ovary. Serum AMH levels strongly correlate with the number of growing follicles, and therefore AMH has received increasing attention as a marker for ovarian reserve. This review summarizes recent findings and limitations in the application of serum AMH in ovarian reserve assessment. Evidence Acquisition A PubMed search was conducted to find recent literature on the measurements and use of serum AMH as a marker for ovarian reserve. Evidence Synthesis Serum AMH levels are measured to assess the “functional ovarian reserve,” a term that is preferred over “ovarian reserve,” since AMH levels reflect the pool of growing follicles that potentially can ovulate. Serum AMH levels are used in individualized follicle-stimulating hormone dosing protocols and may predict the risk of poor response or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome but has limited value in predicting ongoing pregnancy. Serum AMH levels are studied to predict natural or disease-related age of menopause. Studies show that the age-dependent decline rates of AMH vary among women. The generalized implementation of serum AMH measurement has also led to an increase in diagnostic assays, including automated assays. However, direct comparison of results remains problematic. Conclusion Serum AMH remains the preferred ovarian reserve marker. However, the lack of an international standard for AMH limits comparison between AMH assays. Furthermore, little is known about endogenous and exogenous factors that influence serum AMH levels, which limits proper interpretation of AMH values in a clinical setting.
Adsorption of phenol using activated carbon adsorbent from waste tyres.

The adsorption of phenol, from aqueous solutions on activated carbon from waste tyres, was studied in a batch system at different initial concentrations (100-500mg/L) at 30°C for 48 hours. The activated carbon was prepared using the two-step physiochemical activation, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at ratio KOH/char = 5. The carbonization process was done at 800°C for 1 hour with nitrogen flow rate 150ml/min, followed by the activation with the carbon dioxide flow rate 150ml/min at 800°C for 2 hours. The adsorption isotherms were determined by shaking 0.1g of activated carbon with 100ml phenol solutions. The initial and final concentrations of phenol in aqueous solution were analyzed using the UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-1601) at a wavelength of 270nm. Experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The equilibrium data for phenol adsorption could fit both isotherm models well with the R2 value of 0.9774 and 0.9895, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent obtained from the Langmuir model was up to 156.25 mg/g.
Coexistence of competing strategies in evolutionary games

Many investigations have been carried out in order to get an idea of what the driving forces behind cooperative behaviors of selfish individuals are. A wide variety conflicts between individual and collective interests are ubiquitous in social life, especially in those situations associated with collective actions based on joint decisions made by the group. Cooperation is widespread but hard to understand from the viewpoint of Darwinian’s selection. Individual heterogeneity is one of the most often observed phenomena in realistic systems. There are several ways how this feature can be built into a model, and this subject is still in urgent need of research. Henceforth our thesis mainly concerns about the individual heterogeneity referring to strategies, time scales and transferring probabilities as follows. First, we propose a novel approach to investigate the strategy updating in the framework of evolutionary games, based on player’s switching probabilities between two competing players. Results suggest that it is an effective analysis tool in studying why and how different strategies coexist in large populations. Then we focus our attention on the multiple options of individuals in the decision making, and study the competition results among them. Results help to illustrate the basic mechanism how cooperation gets supported when players face multiple choices. Finally, we break the traditional frame of homogeneous time scales for strategy updating among populations, and introduce individual difference in terms of times scales. Our main conclusion is that the heterogeneity in time scales of individuals’ updates will drastically enrich evolutionary dynamics.
Recognizing the Role of Language in the Hidden Curriculum of Undergraduate Medical Education: Implications for Equity in Medical Training.

Medical education involves a transition from "outsider" to "insider" status, which entails both rigorous formal training and an inculturation of values and norms via a "hidden curriculum. " Within this transition, the ability to "talk the talk" designates an individual as an insider, and learning to talk this talk is a key component of professional socialization. This article uses the framework of "patterns of medical language" to explore the role of language in the hidden curriculum of medical education, exploring how students must learn to recognize and participate fluently within patterns of medical language in order to be acknowledged and evaluated as competent trainees. The authors illustrate this by reframing the objectives for medical education which are outlined by the Association of American Medical Colleges as a series of overlapping patterns of medical language which students are expected to master before residency. We propose that many of these patterns of medical language are learned through trial-and-error, taught via a hidden curriculum rather than through explicit instruction. Medical students come from increasingly diverse backgrounds and therefore begin medical training further from or closer to insider status. Thus, evaluative practices based on patterns of medical language, which are not explicitly taught, may exacerbate and perpetuate existing inequities in medical education. This article aims to bring awareness to the importance of medical language within the hidden curriculum of medical education, to the role of medical language as a marker of "insider" status, and to the centrality of medical language in evaluative practices. We conclude by offering possible approaches to ameliorate the inequities that may exist due to current evaluative practices, and call for further discussion and innovation to explicitly address the role of language in the hidden curriculum of medical education.
Plant Control-Some Possibilities and Limitations: I. The Challenge to Management.

Recent successes in plant control on many fronts have been so notable that the idea of examining the possibilities and limitations of plant control on the vast expanse of American wild lands may seem superfluous. Since World War II impressive acreages of culturally established reseeding have been accomplished in the Northern Great Plains and Intermountain regions of the United States. New techniques of large scale operation in brush chaining, cabling, root plowing, and mowing have cleared major woody pest species from significant areas in the Southern Plains. Selective spray developments have given sufficient success to raise the hope, if not the confidence, that such sprays can be developed for specific application to almost any undesired plant or association. Imported insect enemies of goatweed (Hypericum perforatum) are bringing the Pacific Northwest’s farranging infestation of that plant under control.
Epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin gallate interaction in SARS‐CoV‐2 spike‐protein central channel with reference to the hydroxychloroquine interaction: Bioinformatics and molecular docking study

SARS‐CoV‐2 or COVID‐19 pandemic global outbreak created the most unstable situation of human health–economy. In the past two decades different parts of the word experienced smaller or bigger outbreak related to human coronaviruses. The spike glycoproteins of the COVID‐19 (similar to SARS‐CoV) attach to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) and transit over a stabilized open state for the viral internalization to the host cells and propagate with great efficacy. Higher rate of mutability makes this virus unpredictable/less sensitive to the protein/nucleic acid based drugs. In this emergent situation, drug‐induced destabilization of spike binding to RBD could be a good strategy. In the current study we demonstrated by bioinformatics (CASTp: computed atlas of surface topography of protein, PyMol: molecular visualization) and molecular docking (PatchDock and Autodock) experiments that tea flavonoids catechin products mainly epigallocatechin gallate or other like theaflavin gallate demonstrated higher atomic contact energy (ACE) value, binding energy, Ki value, ligand efficiency, surface area and more amino acid interactions than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) during binding in the central channel of the spike protein. Moreover, out of three distinct binding sites (I, II and III) of spike core when HCQ binds only with site III (farthest from the nCoV‐RBD of ACE2 contact), epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin gallate bind all three sites. As sites I and II are in closer contact with open state location and viral–host contact area, these drugs might have significant effects. Taking into account the toxicity/side effects by chloroquine/HCQ, present drugs may be important. Our laboratory is working on tea flavonoids and other phytochemicals in the protection from toxicity, DNA/mitochondrial damage, inflammation and so on. The present data might be helpful for further analysis of flavonoids in this emergent pandemic situation.
An NNwC MPPT-Based Energy Supply Solution for Sensor Nodes in Buildings and Its Feasibility Study

Sensors for data collecting are vital in the development of IoT and intelligent systems. High power consuming current and voltage monitors are indispensable in conducting maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in traditional PV energy wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents a sensor node system based on Neural Network MPPT with cloud method (NNwC) which utilizes information sharing process that is specific to sensor networks. NNwC uses a few sample sensor nodes to collect environmental parameter data such as light intensity (L) and temperature (T) to build the MPPT regression model by Neural Network. Then all other functional sensor nodes implement the model with their environmental parametervalues to conduct MPPT. As a result, the new sensor node system reduces energy consumption as well as the size and cost of the harvester. Then, this paper provides a SPICE simulation to estimate the percentage of power consumption reduced in the new sensor node system and also estimates the percentage of loss in neural network MPPT power generation compared with the perfect MPPT. Finally, the study compares the economic and environmental performance of the proposed system and the traditional ones through a case in a real building situation.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SENNA DIDYMOBOTRYA FRESEN IRWIN ROOTS USED AS A TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT IN KENYA

Medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of various illnesses in Kenya and the whole world. Senna didymobotya is one of such plants used traditionally in Kenya to treat illnesses such as diarrhea, malaria, ringworm, jaundice and intestinal worm. The main aim of this study was to analyze the phytochemical composition of the plant roots. Chemical tests for the screening and identification of bioactive chemical constituents in the medicinal plant was carried out in crude root extracts using standard procedures. From the analysis, it was demonstrated that steroids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols were found in the roots of the plant.
Draft 2 Rapid detection of Cronobacter sakazakii by real-time 1 PCR based on cgcA gene and Taqman probe with IAC

3 As a severe virulent strain to infants, species Cronobacter sakazakii is frequently detected in 4 powdered infant formula (PIF). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fast and specific detection 5 method. The specificity of our newly developed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was validated 6 with DNA from 46 strains. Among them, 12 C. sakazakii strains were correctly amplified, whereas no 7 positive florescent signal was observed from 34 non-target controls. The detection limit of C. sakazakii 8 was about 110 CFU/mL in broth and 1,100 CFU/g in PIF. After enrichment in BPW (buffer peptone 9 water) for 6 h, our developed qRT-PCR assay could reliably detect C. sakazakii when the inoculation 10 level was as low as 2 CFU/25 g (0.08 CFU/g) in PIF. The growth of C. sakazakii could be inhibited by 11 the presence of Lactobacillus pentosus and Bacillus cereus, which used a longer enrichment period 12 before the isolation was accomplished. However, at 5 and 50 CFU/25 g inoculation levels of C. 13 sakazakii in the presence of 4×10 6 CFU/25 g or 2×10 4 CFU/25 g of L. pentosus and B. cereus, the qRT14 PCR assay could detect the presence of Cronobacter even though these artificially spiked samples were 15 negative in culture. Therefore, our results indicated that the qRT-PCR assay could detect samples 16 containing inhibitors and avoid false negatives by using an internal amplification control. 17
Uporabniški vmesniki in metodologija pridobivanja večmodalnih podatkov o glasbi

Povzetek. Raziskave, ki se ukvarjajo s priporočanjem glasbe in glasbeno vizualizacijo, pogosto črpajo podatke iz podatkovnih zbirk, ki vsebujejo podatke, pridobljene z anketiranjem uporabnikov. Kljub pomembnosti postopka zbiranja uporabniških podatkov so omenjene raziskave redkeje osredinjene na metodologijo zbiranja podatkov in uporabniške vmesnike. Zadnji igrajo ključno vlogo pri graditvi glasbenih podatkovnih zbirk in evalvaciji algoritmov za pridobivanje informacij iz glasbe. Članek predstavlja temeljne elemente postopka graditve glasbene podatkovne zbirke Moodo, ki poleg demografskih podatkov, uporabnikovega počutja in splošnega zaznavanja čustev vsebuje tudi uporabnikove čustvene in vizualne odzive na glasbo. V ta namen sta bila razvita nova uporabniška vmesnika MoodStripe in MoodGraph, ki presegata omejitve klasičnih modelov. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na izboljšano uporabniško izkušnjo, tako glede intuitivnosti kot funkcionalnosti, predstavljena vmesnika pa sta aplikativna širše, predvsem na področjih, ki pri zbiranju podatkov merijo uporabnikov odziv.
Chlorogenic acids – their properties, occurrence and analysis

Chlorogenic acids (CQAs), the esters of caffeic acid and quinic acid, are biologically important phenolic compounds present in many plant species. Nowadays much is known from their pro-health properties, including anti-cancer activity. Yet, the supposition that they may be helpful in fighting obesity and modify glucose-6-phosphatase involved in glucose metabolism have led to a revival of research on CQAs properties and their natural occurrence. Much attention is also paid to the proper analysis of CQAs content in plants and plant products due to the fact that the main CQAs representative in nature i.e. 5- O -caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) is commonly employed as a quality marker in the control of various natural products. The common procedures used so far for CQAs determination in plants involve conventional long lasting solvent extraction realized at higher temperatures prior to chromatographic analysis. The drawbacks associated to the conventional extraction techniques have led to the search for new alternative extraction processes that additionally could improve extracts quality. The latter is particularly important as regards CQAs applications, and the fact that these compounds easily transform/degrade to others. According to reports, the conventional heating of 5-CQA in the presence of water causes its isomerization and transformation. The reports prove that 5-CQA not only isomerizes to 3- and 4- O -caffeoylquinic acid, but also undergoes other transformations such as esterification and reactions with water. Hence, in the attempt to improve the process of chlorogenic acids extraction and to make it more effective and environmentally friendly, innovative so-called "enhanced" techniques of extraction have been recently developed and applied. To guarantee the proper analysis of compounds with very similar properties forming the chlorogenic acids family and their numerous transformation/degradation products, hyphenated techniques, in particular LC-MS, are currently being used.
Separated variables and wave functions for rational gl(N) spin chains in the companion twist frame

We propose a basis for rational gl(N) spin chains in an arbitrary rectangular representation $(S^A)$ that factorises the Bethe vectors into products of Slater determinants in Baxter Q-functions. This basis is constructed by repeated action of fused transfer matrices on a suitable reference state. We prove that it diagonalises the so-called B-operator, hence the operatorial roots of the latter are the separated variables. The spectrum of the separated variables is also explicitly computed and it turns out to be labelled by Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns. Our approach utilises a special choice of the spin chain twist which substantially simplifies derivations.
Living on the Edge: Hawksbill turtle nesting and conservation along the Eastern Pacific Rim

Prior to 2007, efforts to monitor and conserve hawksbill turtles ( Eretmochelys imbricata ) in the eastern Pacific Ocean were opportunistic and records were virtually non-existent. The first abundance estimates were published in 2010, but contained limited data on the species. Ongoing research since that time has led to the identification of several rookeries, including sites containing large proportions of the overall hawksbill nesting currently known to occur in the region. Monitoring projects were established at several sites and have since provided substantial nesting data on the species. Here we summarize data collected between 1983 and March 2016 from all sites (n = 9) confirmed to host >10 nests in any given season to provide an update on hawksbill nesting in the eastern Pacific. We documented a total of 3,508 hawksbill nests, 265,024 hatchlings and 528 individual nesting females in the region. The vast majority of these records (99.4%, 99.9% and 99.6%, respectively) were generated subsequent to 2007, coinciding with the discovery of eight of the nine rookeries included in this study and the organization of monitoring efforts at those sites, which led to the increased documentation conferred here. Our findings should not be misconstrued as increases in actual nesting or signs of recovery, which could diminish the ongoing need for conservation actions, but rather as optimism, that there is still an opportunity to restore the species in the eastern Pacific. The top three sites in terms of average annual number of nests were Estero Padre Ramos (Nicaragua; 213.2 ± 47.6 nests), Bahia de Jiquilisco (El Salvador; 168.5 ± 46.7 nests) and Aserradores (Nicaragua; 100.0 ± 24.0 nests), and all three sites are located in mangrove estuaries in Central America, highlighting the importance of these rookeries/habitats for the survival and recovery of hawksbills in the region. The remaining six sites received between 6.9 ± 7.3 nests (Costa Careyes, Mexico) and 59.3 ± 17.7 nests (Los Cobanos, El Salvador) annually. By integrating data collected on nesting hawksbills with local conservation realities at the most important known hawksbill rookeries in the eastern Pacific, we provide a more holistic view of the conservation status and management needs of the species in this ocean region.
Any generating set of an arbitrary property T von Neumann algebra has free entropy dimension ≤ 1

Suppose that N is a diffuse, property T von Neumann algebra and X is an arbitrary finite generating set of selfadjoint elements for N. By using rigidity/deformation arguments applied to representations of N in ultraproducts of full matrix algebras, we deduce that the microstate spaces of X are asymptotically discrete up to unitary conjugacy. We use this de- scription to show that the free entropy dimension of X , i0.X/ is less than or equal to 1 . I t follows that when N embeds into the ultraproduct of the hyperfinite II1 factor, then i0.X/ D 1 and otherwise, i0.X / D� 1. This generalizes the earlier results of Voiculescu, and Ge, Shen pertaining to SLn.Z/ as well as the results of Connes, Shlyakhtenko pertaining to group generators of arbitrary property T algebras.
Global DNA Methylation Is Associated With Insulin Resistance A Monozygotic Twin Study

Insulin resistance (IR), the hallmark of type 2 diabetes, may be under epigenetic control. This study examines the association between global DNA methylation and IR using 84 monozygotic twin pairs. IR was estimated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Global DNA methylation of Alu repeats in peripheral blood leukocytes was quanti ﬁ ed by bisul ﬁ te pyrosequencing. The association between global DNA methylation and IR was examined using generalized estimating equation (GEE) and within – twin pair analyses, adjusting for potential confounders. Results show that methylation levels at all four CpG sites were individually associated with IR by GEE (all false discovery rate – adjusted P values # 0.026). A 10% increase in mean Alu methylation was associated with an increase of 4.55 units (95% CI 2.38 – 6.73) in HOMA. Intrapair difference in IR was signi ﬁ - cantly associated with intrapair difference in global methylation level. A 10% increase in the difference in mean Alu methylation was associated with an increase of 4.54 units (0.34 – 8.71; P = 0.036) in the difference in HOMA. Con ﬁ rmation of the results by intrapair analyses suggests that genetic factors do not confound the association between global DNA methylation and IR. Exclusion of twins taking diabetes medication ( n = 17) did not change our results. Diabetes 61:542 – 546, 2012