Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Türkiye ye Gelen Yabancı Turistlerin Yerel Yiyecekleri Tüketme Niyeti Üzerine Planlı Davranış Teorisi Kapsamında Bir Araştırma (Within the Scope of Planned Behavior Theory A Research on the Consumption Intention of Local Foods of Foreign Tourists Coming to Turkey)

Turistlerin seyahatleri boyunca yeme içme faaliyetleri artık bir araç olmaktan çıkmış ve bir amaç haline dönüşmüştür. Tatil destinasyonu seçimi yapılırken seyahat edilecek ülkenin ya da bölgenin yiyecekleri önemli bir çekicilik unsuru olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'yi ziyaret eden yabancı turistlerin yerel yiyecek tüketimine yönelik davranışsal niyetlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye’nin üç farklı destinasyonunu (İstanbul, Antalya ve Nevşehir) ziyaret eden ve yerel yiyecekleri deneyimleyen yabancı turistlere anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Turistlerin yerel yiyecek tüketimine yönelik davranışsal niyetlerinin belirlenmesi için sosyal psikoloji alanında en çok tercih edilen teorilerden biri olan Planlı Davranış Teorisi (PDT) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, belirlenen üç destinasyonda 47 farklı milliyetten toplanan anketler içerisinden 644 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular incelendiğinde, teori kapsamında turistlerin tutum, öznel norm ve algılanan davranışsal kontrollerinin davranışsal niyetlerini etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Online Indexing Structure for Big Image Data used for 3D Reconstruction

One of the main characteristics of Internet era is the free and online availability of extremely large collections of images. Although the proliferation of millions of shared photos provide a unique opportunity for cultural heritage e-documentation, the main difficulty is that Internet image datasets are unstructured. For this reason, this paper aims to describe a new image indexing scheme with application in 3D reconstruction. The presented approach is capable, on the one hand to index images in a fast and accurate way and on the other to select form an image dataset the most appropriate images for 3D reconstruction, improving this way reconstruction computational time, while simultaneously keeping the same reconstruction performance.
AtPex14p maintains peroxisomal functions by determining protein targeting to three kinds of plant peroxisomes

We previously isolated an Arabidopsis peroxisome‐deficient ped2 mutant by its resistance to 2,4‐dichlorophenoxybutyric acid. Here, we describe the isolation of a gene responsible for this deficiency, called the PED2 gene, by positional cloning and confirmed its identity by complementation analysis. The amino acid sequence of the predicted protein product is similar to that of human Pex14p, which is a key component of the peroxisomal protein import machinery. Therefore, we decided to call it AtPex14p. Analyses of the ped2 mutant revealed that AtPex14p controls intracellular transport of both peroxisome targeting signal (PTS)1‐ and PTS2‐containing proteins into three different types of peroxisomes, namely glyoxysomes, leaf peroxisomes and unspecialized peroxisomes. Mutation in the PED2 gene results in reduction of enzymes in all of these functionally differentiated peroxisomes. The reduction in these enzymes induces pleiotropic defects, such as fatty acid degradation, photorespiration and the morphology of peroxisomes. These data suggest that the AtPex14p has a common role in maintaining physiological functions of each of these three kinds of plant peroxisomes by determining peroxisomal protein targeting.
Primary School Managers Perceptions of the Importance of Computers in Primary Schools

Abstract Primary Education, within the overall system of formal education provides a foundation upon which other levels of education rest. Information and Communication Technology (ICT), in particular, the computer, plays an important role in the advancement of competitiveness in the global technological era. A study was, therefore, conducted in the southern part of Botswana to assess the school managers’perception of a computer in both private and government primary schools. The findings show that all private schools had computers and the school managers used them more in their administrative duties as compared to government primary school managers whose schools had very limited or no computers. Whilst School Management Teams (SMTs) from government schools indicated that they valued computers, they did not do much to secure the same through partnerships with parents and the community. It is concluded that the practical implementation of the concepts of partnership, self-reliance and creativity may not be understood by government school SMTs. Hence, it is recommended among others that workshops on the application of the three concepts be organized for them and that government must budget for computers for primary schools if the objectives of Vision 2016 are to be realised
The functional neuroanatomy of voluntary swallowing

Swallowing is a complex physiological process involving voluntary and reflexive motor activity, sensorimotor integration, salivation, and visceral regulation. Despite the numerous processes required for normal deglutition, traditional models of the central control of swallowing only emphasize the involvement of the brainstem and the inferior precentral gyrus (IPCG). However a number of neurological disorders involving other brain regions also cause dysphagia. To determine the brain regions participating in voluntary swallowing, we assayed regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with positron emission tomography (PET) while healthy human subjects swallowed, performed lateral tongue movements, or rested with their eyes closed. Voluntary swallowing produced strong rCBF increases within the IPCG bilaterally, the right anterior insula/claustrum, and the left cerebellum. The maxima in these regions differed from those induced by lateral tongue movements. Swallowing also produced rCBF increases in the putamen, thalamus, and several additional cortical areas, but these foci were not as clearly distinguishable from activity arising during tongue movements. These findings indicate that swallowing involves the recruitment of a large‐scale distributed neural network that includes the anterior insula and cerebellum. The distributed nature of this network helps to explain why so many neurological conditions produce dysphagia.
Independent two induction motor drives with vector control method fed by a four-leg inverter

This paper presents the experimental results of the independent drives of two induction motors (IMs) fed by a four-leg inverter with vector control method. The inverter consists of four legs and two capacitors connected in a series. Recently the four-leg inverter and four switch inverter have been studied, but there are known to have several disadvantages. First, the balanced three-phase current cannot be obtained. Second, the drift phenomenon is happened by the two capacitor voltages fluctuation. This paper analyzes the cause of the unbalanced three-phase current and resolves about it by vector control method. Next, the effective compensation method to restrain the drift phenomenon is proposed and demonstrated by the experimental results. Moreover, the independent drive of two IMs fed by the four-leg inverter with the vector control method is demonstrated by the experimental results.
Resistance exercise inter-set cooling strategy: effect on performance and muscle damage.

PURPOSE To compare the effect of inter-set cooling and no cooling during resistance exercise (RE) on the total repetitions and select muscle damage biomarker responses. METHODS Sixteen healthy men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to Cooling (n = 8) or Control (n = 8) groups. They performed a RE protocol consisting of four sets of biceps curl at 80% of 1RM. The cooling group received the application of wet bags of ice during each interest rest interval (Cooling), while the Control realized the same protocol without ice application. Exercise was performed to voluntary fatigue and the numbers of repetitions per set were recorded. Subjects provided blood samples before and at 24, 48, and 72 h following RE to evaluate serum CK activity and myoglobin concentration. RESULTS The Cooling group produced a greater number of repetitions (approx. 21%) than did the Control, but there were no differences in serum CK activity and myoglobin responses between the groups. CONCLUSION Incorporating inter-set external cooling augments the number of repetitions per set during RE without inducing an additional muscle damage biomarker response.
A Novel Non-Replication-Competent Cytomegalovirus Capsid Mutant Vaccine Strategy Is Effective in Reducing Congenital Infection

ABSTRACT Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a leading cause of mental retardation and deafness in newborns. The guinea pig is the only small animal model for congenital CMV infection. A novel CMV vaccine was investigated as an intervention strategy against congenital guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection. In this disabled infectious single-cycle (DISC) vaccine strategy, a GPCMV mutant virus was used that lacked the ability to express an essential capsid gene (the UL85 homolog GP85) except when grown on a complementing cell line. In vaccinated animals, the GP85 mutant virus (GP85 DISC) induced an antibody response to important glycoprotein complexes considered neutralizing target antigens (gB, gH/gL/gO, and gM/gN). The vaccine also generated a T cell response to the pp65 homolog (GP83), determined via a newly established guinea pig gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. In a congenital infection protection study, GP85 DISC-vaccinated animals and a nonvaccinated control group were challenged during pregnancy with wild-type GPCMV (105 PFU). The pregnant animals carried the pups to term, and viral loads in target organs of pups were analyzed. Based on live pup births in the vaccinated and control groups (94.1% versus 63.6%), the vaccine was successful in reducing mortality (P = 0.0002). Additionally, pups from the vaccinated group had reduced CMV transmission, with 23.5% infected target organs versus 75.9% in the control group. Overall, these preliminary studies indicate that a DISC CMV vaccine strategy has the ability to induce an immune response similar to that of natural virus infection but has the increased safety of a non-replication-competent virus, which makes this approach attractive as a CMV vaccine strategy. IMPORTANCE Congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of mental retardation and deafness in newborns. An effective vaccine against CMV remains an elusive goal despite over 50 years of CMV research. The guinea pig, with a placenta structure similar to that in humans, is the only small animal model for congenital CMV infection and recapitulates disease symptoms (e.g., deafness) in newborn pups. In this report, a novel vaccine strategy against congenital guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection was developed, characterized, and tested for efficacy. This disabled infectious single-cycle (DISC) vaccine strategy induced a neutralizing antibody or a T cell response to important target antigens. In a congenital infection protection study, animals were protected against CMV in comparison to the nonvaccinated group (52% reduction of transmission). This novel vaccine was more effective than previously tested gB-based vaccines and most other strategies involving live virus vaccines. Overall, the DISC vaccine is a safe and promising approach against congenital CMV infection.
Adaptation to high protein intakes, with particular reference to formula feeding and the healthy, term infant.

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to define the upper limit of the safe range of protein intake, with particular reference to the protein content of prepared fixed-formulas used for feeding healthy, term infants. For discussion purposes we use the current upper limit proposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), namely, 4.5 g protein per 100 kcal, as our initial reference level. To help reach a conclusion, the concept and definitions of nutritional adaptation and accommodation are considered, followed by a brief review of selected studies in full-term infants fed varying levels of protein intake. Based on growth and blood biochemical data, principally plasma free amino acid levels, we conclude that the currently proposed FDA upper limit is probably too high. The available data support a recommendation for lowering the value to about 3.5 g of protein per 100 kcal. Concerns for renal solute load (RSL) may require a further, desirable refinement in the value proposed. Indeed RSL should perhaps serve as the primary basis for establishing a rational and safe upper limit for the protein content of prepared fixed-formula diets for the very young, healthy infant.
Distribution of electrical activation to the external intercostal muscles during high frequency spinal cord stimulation in dogs

Non‐technical summary Normal breathing is controlled by specialized neurons in the central nervous system including the brainstem and spinal cord. Signals generated in the brainstem and transmitted to the major inspiratory muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, are necessary to sustain life. However, we show that the specific pattern of intercostal muscle activation during breathing does not require input from the brainstem. In other words, the neural circuitry controlling this pattern of activation exists within the spinal cord. This knowledge furthers our understanding of the mechanisms that control breathing and has implications for patients with certain disease states such as cervical spinal cord injury.
Pecking behaviour of laying hens in single-tiered aviaries with and without outdoor area

1. The objective of the present study was to examine the behaviour of laying hens in single-tiered aviaries with and without outdoor areas with particular reference to the proportion of each behaviour and the ways it changed. 2. In all, 144 interbred cross layers (WL/RIR cross-breed) were used. At the age of 16 weeks, the hens were divided at random into two groups and moved to single-tiered aviary (SA) and free-range systems (FR, SA with in addition an outdoor range area covered with clover) with 18 hens per pen. Behavioural observations were conducted before, during and after access to the range. 3. All behaviours using the beak (eating, grazing, drinking, preening, aggressive pecking, feather pecking, litter pecking, object pecking and mate pecking) were recorded as pecking behaviour. 4. While most of the FR hens spent their time outside foraging, the proportion of hens eating, preening, litter pecking, object pecking, aggressive pecking and feather pecking was higher in SA than in FR hens. 5. The proportion of hens performing pecking behaviour of all types was very similar in SA (61·7 ± 2·0%) and in FR (64·0 ± 0·8%). The proportion of hens performing overall pecking behaviour increased as pre-laying sitting decreased. 6. The proportion of hens feather pecking decreased in FR during access to range and a similar tendency was found for aggressive pecking. 7. In conclusion, the total proportion of hens pecking was almost the same regardless of whether an outdoor area was provided or not, but the incidence of different types of pecking behaviour differed between SA and FR. The risk of feather pecking in FR may be lower when an outdoor grazing area is provided, although further testing on a larger scale would be essential.
Transformation of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors to the DNA‐binding state

This brief review explores some recent observations relating to the structure of untransformed glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors and the mechanism by which the receptors are transformed to the DNA‐binding state. In their molybdate‐stabilized, untransformed state, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors exist as a heteromeric 8‐9S complex containing one unit of steroid binding phosphoprotein and one or two units of the 90 kD heat shock protein hsp90. When the receptors are transformed, the steroid‐binding protein dissociates from hsp90. In cytosol preparations, temperature‐mediated dissociation proceeds much more rapidly in the presence of hormone. The dissociated receptor binds to DNA with high affinity, regardless of whether it is in the hormone‐bound or the hormone‐free state. These observations raise the possibility that the primary, and perhaps the only, role for the hormone is to promote dissociation of the receptor‐hsp90 complex.
Antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with ultrasound

Using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the present study investigated the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles both in the absence and presence of ultrasound stimulation. While the antibacterial effect of control nanoparticle chemistries (Al2O3) alone was either weak or unobservable under the conditions tested, the antibacterial effect of ZnO alone was significant, providing over a four log reduction (equivalent to antibiotics) compared to no treatment after just 8 h. The antibacterial effect was enhanced as ZnO particle diameter decreased. Specifically, when testing the antibacterial effect against bacteria populations relevant to infection, a 500 μg ml−1 dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 20 nm reduced S. aureus populations by four orders of magnitude after 8 and 24 h, compared to control groups with no nanoparticles. This was accomplished without the use of antibiotics, to which bacteria are developing a resistance anyway. The addition of ultrasound stimulation further reduced the number of viable colony-forming units present in a planktonic cell suspension by 76% compared to nanoparticles alone. Lastly, this study provided a mechanism for how ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of ultrasound decrease bacteria functions by demonstrating greater hydrogen peroxide generation by S. aureus compared to controls. These results indicated that small-diameter ZnO nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial properties that can be additionally enhanced in the presence of ultrasound and, thus, should be further studied for a wide range of medical device anti-infection applications.
The effects of tirofiban infusion on clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI

Objective: The present study was designed to determine the effects of tirofiban (Tiro) infusion on angiographic measures, ST-segment resolution, and clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors are beneficial in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), while the most effective timing of administration is still under investigation. Methods: A total of 1242 patients (83.0% males, mean (standard deviation; SD) age: 54.7 (10.9) years) with STEMI who underwent primary PCI were included in this retrospective non-randomized study in four groups, composed of no tirofiban infusion [Tiro (-); n=248], tirofiban infusion before PCI (pre-Tiro; n=720), tirofiban infusion during PCI (peri-Tiro; n=50), and tirofiban infusion after PCI (post-Tiro; n=224). In all Tiro (+) patients, bolus administration of Tiro (10 pg/kg) was followed by infusion (0.15 pg/kg/min) for a mean (SD) duration of 22.4±6.8 hours. Results: The pre-PCI Tiro group was associated with the highest percentage of patients with TIMI 3 flow (99.4%; p<0.001), the lowest corrected TIMI frame count [21(18-23.4); p<0.001], the highest percentage of patients with >75% ST-segment resolution (78.1%; p<0.001), and the lowest rate of in-hospital sudden cardiac death and in-hospital all-cause mortality (3.2%, p<0.05, 3.3%, p=0.01). Major bleeding was reported in 18 (1.8%) patients who received tirofiban. Conclusion: Use of standard-dose bolus tirofiban in addition to aspirin, high-dose clopidogrel, and unfractionated heparin prior to primary PCI significantly improves myocardial reperfusion, ST-segment resolution, in-hospital mortality rate, and in-hospital sudden cardiac death in patients with STEMI with no increased risk of major bleeding.
Wave propagation and slowing the time-fluctuating MIMO channel

It has been reported (Marzetta, T.L., Proc. 37th Annual Allerton Conf. on Commun., Control, and Computing, 1999) that the number of transmitters that can be used beneficially in a MIMO system is limited by the coherence time of the channel due to difficulties with channel estimation at the receiver. These impediments either reduce achievable capacity or impose an effective "speed limit" on the mobile, above which the effective throughput is reduced. We represent the signal incident at the mobile as a sum of plane waves. The channel transfer matrix is found to factor into time-dependent and time-independent parts. The preprocessing method proposed consists of beam forming, followed by Doppler compensation for the signals received on each beam. Beam forming effectively partitions the angular spectrum at the mobile, with each partition suffering a smaller Doppler spread, resulting in the channel fluctuation due to mobile motion being "slowed down". The coherence time of the preprocessed channel is found to increase by a factor of the order of the number of mobile receiving antennas. These results remove constraints imposed by training requirements on the number of transmit antennas and increase the allowed vehicle speeds.
Do minimum wages increase search effort

Minimum wages often generate a perplexing set of empirical impacts, including little to no employment consequences but large wage consequences. This paper tests arguably the most promising explanation - search models of minimum wages - in a more direct manner than has been possible to date. The analysis combines extensive data on UK workers' search behaviour with quasi-experimental analysis of the UK minimum wage policy structure, including the 2016 introduction of the National Living Wage. I find robust evidence of increased labour force participation and extensive margin search in response to higher minimum wages with no corresponding change in employment rates. Evidence of decreased average search intensity is uncovered and the duration of unemployed search increases. Taken together, the unemployed search results suggest that minimum wages do impact on labour flow frictions in important ways. In contrast, no significant estimates are found for any on-the-job search moments, i.e. I find no evidence for potential concerns that higher minimum wages provide a disincentive for workers to progress up job ladders.