Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructing Automated Test Oracle for Low Observable Software

Using machine learning techniques for constructing automated test oracles have been successful in recent years. However, existing machine learning based oracles have deficiencies when applied to software systems with low observability, such as embedded software, cyber-physical systems, multimedia software programs, and computer games. This paper proposes a new black box approach to construct automated oracles which can be applied to software systems with low observability. The proposed approach employs an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm which uses input values as well as corresponding pass/fail outcomes of the program under test, as the training set. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we have conducted extensive experiments on several benchmarks. The results manifest the applicability of the proposed approach to software systems with low observability as well as its higher accuracy in comparison to a well-known machine learning based method. We have also assessed the effect of different parameters on the accuracy of the proposed approach.
Factors Related with Cervical Cancer Screening Test among Thai Muslim Women in Satun Province

Background: Pap testing is an effective method for early detection, and delaying the progression of cervical cancer. The coverage of cervical cancer screening in 2008 in Satun province where most of the population is Muslim was lower than the 80% goal of WHO. Objective: To determine the factors related to receiving a cervical cancer screening test among Thai Muslim women in Satun province. Materials and methods: A communitybased casecontrol study was conducted with 400 Thai Muslim women in Satun Province that included 200 cases who had received a Pap test and 200 controls who had never received a Pap test. Multistage sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. Systematic random sampling was used to select the cases from a Pap test register at the health care unit. Then, a control group was randomly selected from women who living in the same village as the cases. Data collection was done from May to October 2010. A structured questionnaire was administered during face-to-face interviews. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors related to women’s Pap test practice. Results: After controlling for possible confounding factors, receiving a Pap test was found to be significantly higher among Thai Muslim women with a high level of perceived susceptibility (ORadj = 7.77, 95% CI = 2.78-21.72), a low level of perceived barriers for the Pap test (ORadj = 3.35, 95%CI = 1.28-8.79), having received a routine checkup (ORadj = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.10-3.10), having received a recommendation by a doctor, health care personnel, or husband (ORadj = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.23-3.71; ORadj = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.674.97; ORadj = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.11-3.41, respectively). There was a lower chance of Pap test among women who had received a recommendation from village health volunteers (ORadj = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.270.76). Conclusion: Health care providers should prepare a well-designed health education and health promotion program on cervical cancer that addresses the Islamic cultural and religious beliefs of Muslim women about cervical cancer screening with an emphasis on reducing barriers and encouraging Thai Muslim women to receive cervical cancer screening. Asia Journal of Public Health Journal homepage:http://www.ASIAPH. org
Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes : a review paper

The challenge of integrating existing knowledge about the impact of gender norms and inequality on HIV/AIDS into interventions while formidable can be met. There are several examples of programmes from around the world that have adopted different approaches to integrate gender considerations in their work. It is important to draw upon the lessons learned from these implementation experiences to develop concrete and practical guidelines for national HIV/AIDS programme managers so as to help them integrate gender issues into HIV/AIDS programmes. The need for such guidelines is underscored by a single fact: the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS programmes and policies is greatly enhanced when gender differences are acknowledged the gender-specific concerns and needs of women and men are addressed and gender inequalities are reduced. (excerpt)
3 Functional Anatomy : Macroscopic Anatomyand Post-mortem Examination

Understanding the relationship between form and function of living beings is an intimidating challenge. The recognition and interpretation of physiological and pathological processes require a previous knowledge of regular morphology and anatomy of the external and internal structures and organs of any living creature. Cephalopods span an awesome range of shapes and scales, and the variations between species are crucial for correct interpretations. This chapter covers the gross morphological and anatomical main characteristics of different cephalopod species, as well as necropsy protocols and methods of euthanasia. This knowledge is decisive to a suitable understanding of the modifications caused by injury, infection, or disease, especially for those people who are not familiar with these remarkable marine molluscs.
Measuring representativeness of Internet data sources through linkage with register data

The main goal of the paper is to assess the representativeness of Internet data sources through probability linkage with register data. To achieve this aim selected websites publishing ads for residential real estates available in Poland were used and linked with the Register of Prices and Values of the Real Estate Market. The main underlying assumption was that an independent source that fully covers a similar target population is available. In addition, the adoption of R-indicators is discussed. A detailed description and results of the study are presented using data for the capital city of Poland Warsaw and the city of Poznań. The paper and the research have been financed by the National Science Centre, Poland, Preludium 7 grant no. 2014/13/N/HS4/02999.
PDFlib PLOP: PDF Linearization, Optimization, Protection Page inserted by evaluation version

Human adenoviruses are ubiquitous lytic DNA viruses that can be divided into 51 different serotypes, grouped from A to F on the basis of genome size, composition, homology, and organization. Adenovirus infections, although frequent, are rarely fatal in immunocompetent individuals, due to potent innate and adaptive immune responses. By contrast, adenoviruses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals, for whom there are limited treatment options. Since antiviral drugs have variable efficacy in the treatment of severe adenovirus disease, iatrogenic reconstitution with in vitro expanded virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is an attractive option for prophylaxis and treatment, particularly because the endogenous recovery of adenovirus-specific T cells has proved important in controlling infection in vivo. Thus, we have characterized human T-cell responses to adenovirus in vitro and explored the potential of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy as a prophylactic or therapeutic strategy for adenovirus infections posttransplant.
Unconsciously implanted memory in the presence of cholecystokinin retrieved in a behaviorally relevant context

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Evaluation of BAFF-R Mutations in Iranian Patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency ( CVID )

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by hypo-gammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections. The role of BAFF is to send messages for survival and maturation of B cells through BAFF-R. The aim of the present study was to determine mutations in BAFF-R coding area and transitional B cells frequency among peripheral blood B cells of our registered patients. Methods: Blood samples were taken from patients with CVID (n=15) and healthy controls (n=15). The percentage of total and transitional B-cells was determined by flow cytometry method, using anti CD19-FITC, anti CD24-PE and anti CD38 PE antibodies. Genomic DNA was extracted and PCR was performed to amplify each of BAFF-R 3 exons and then, the PCR products were sent for sequencing. Results: The results of the sequence and alignment of the sequences did not show any variation in the patients’ BAFF-R gene compared with controls. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that the mean percentage of B cells in CVID patients (2.44±0.76, p<0.001) was significantly lower in comparison with control group (10.43±3.46). However, the expression of BAFF-R on B cells as well as the frequency of transitional B cells were not different between the case and control groups. Conclusion: Our CVID patients showed no mutation in their BAFF-R coding areas. Low B cell count and normal transitional B cells frequency reflects no BAFF-R related defect in our patients.
A hybrid approach to model vascular development in stem and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana using the VirtualLeaf modelling framework

A hybrid approach to model vascular development in stem and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana using the VirtualLeaf modelling framework Bruno Hay Mele 1, Francesco Giannino 1, Christian Ernest Vincenot 2, Stefano Mazzoleni 1,∗, Fabrizio Cartenı́ 1 1Laboratory of applied ecology and system dynamics, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, Portici(NA) , Italy 2Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
Modeling of Soil Erosion Intensity and Estimation of Soil Erosion Risk in Upper Part of Shkumbini Watershed in Albania

Because of favourable natural factors and strong human impact over environment during centuries, area of the Republic of Albania is characterized with high soil erosion rate. In last decades, faster economic growth of the country and lack of soil resources, fresh water, forests etc., reinforce the need for soil protection and soil conservation. That increases the interest for erosion research, especially in the areas highly affected by soil erosion. One of those areas is catchments of river Shkumbini, which is in turn a major river in the Republic of Albania. As a result of very suitable characteristics (soft rocks, sandy soils, steep slopes, climate, sparse vegetation, anthropogenic influence) upper part of its catchments has very high soil erosion rate. Soil erosion and associated nonpoint pollution pose critical problems affecting the economic welfare, food security, and public health of Albania. Each year nearly 60 million tons of sediment are deposited by Albanian rivers into the Adriatic Sea. The objectives of this paper is to quantify the magnitude of soil erosion and its effects on water quality at three levels of intensity—site-specific, watershed, and nation as a whole and to identify high-risk areas for immediate soil erosion control using a geographic information system.
University of Southern Denmark Acousto-optical phonon excitation in cubic piezoelectric slabs and crystal growth orientation

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TiO 2 nanotubes and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells

The present article reviews the current status of using TiO2 nanotubes in Gr€atzel-type, dye-sensitized solar cells and extends the overview with the latest results and findings. Critical factors in tube geometry (length, diameter, top morphology), crystal structure (amorphous, anatase, rutile) as well as factors affecting dye loading or electron mobility are addressed. The highest solar cell efficiencies today for pure nanotube systems reach approximately 4% while for some mixed systems, around 7% has been reported. For both systems significant room for enhancement is anticipated and some key points and strategies for improvement are outlined.
Mercury accumulation in the gills and muscles of six species of shellfish from Pulicat lake , Tamil Nadu , India

Metal bioaccumulation by marine organisms is of serious concern that high levels of metals may have detrimental effects on the marine organisms and may create problems in relation to their suitability as food for humans. In the present study, the bioaccumulation of mercury in the gills and muscles of six species of shellfish viz., Fenneropenaeus indicus, Fenneropenaeus monodon, Fenneropenaeus semisulcatus, Scylla serrata, Meretrix casta and Clibanarius longitarsus from Pulicat lake, Tamil Nadu, India on a monthly basis for a period of two years from January 2011 to December 2012 during four seasons viz., postmonsoon, summer, premonsoon and monsoon were analysed. The accumulation of mercury in the gills and muscles of the six shellfish species exhibited seasonal as well as species specific variations. The overall results indicated that the gill tissues of Fenneropenaeus indicus accumulated the maximum amount of mercury (5.45μg/g) during monsoon in 2012. In conclusion, it is evident that even though the mercury content in shellfish at Pulicat lake did not exceed the safe limit, continuous consumption of large quantities of shellfish can lead to mercury toxicity.
The HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND TEACHERS ’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NORTH WEST SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF BENUE STATE , NIGERIA

This study investigated human resources management and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in North West Senatorial District of Benue State, Nigeria. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Ex-post facto design was adopted. The study population was 2511 teachers from 88 secondary schools out of which 292 respondents representing 12% were sampled using the simple random sampling. The questionnaire titled “Human Resource Management and Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (HRMTJPQ) was used”. Mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions, while chi-square (χ) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significant level. The HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND TEACHERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NORTH WEST SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA Mark Terlumun Ijov Department of Educational Foundations, Benue State University, Makurdi. Manasseh Terkimbi Hemen Department of Educational Foundations and Management, College of Education, Katsina-Ala, Benue State. Aloga Oko Austin Department of Educational Foundations, College of Education, Oju, Benue State.
Basic Homotopy Theory Review

Example. The category of sets, denotes by Set. The category of R-modules, denoted by RMod. A morphism f : X → Y is said to be an isomorphism, if there exists g : Y → X such that g ◦ f = IdX and f ◦ g = IdY . Isomorphisms are bijections in the category Set. A functor is a morphism between categories. Let C and D be categories, a functor F : C → D assigns an object FX ∈ D for any X ∈ C, and a morphism Ff : FX → FY for any f : X → Y in a way that respects both unitality and associativity. For example, for f : X → Y , g : Y → Z , the associativity is preserved as Fg ◦ Ff = F (g ◦ f ).
On Plurality of Mass Nouns and the Notion of " Semantic Parameter " by Gennaro Chierchia

Chierchia's paper proposes an analysis for the distinction between count-nouns (such as dog/dogs) and mass-nouns (such as furniture/*furnitures), which stems from the way nouns are supposedly stored in the lexicon. Mass nouns, Chierchia explains, come out of the lexicon with inherently plurality (the Inherent Plurality Hypothesis), even though they normally bear the morphology of singular nouns and this sole difference can account for the mass vs. count contrast. He then explores the different properties of mass vs. count nouns, discusses the difficulties of then-contemporary theories regarding the subject, and goes on to show how the Inherent Plurality Hypothesis settles these issues with relative ease, without introducing on vague assumptions into the model. In the last section of the paper, Chierchia suggests the existence of a Semantic Parameter, from which he draws several interesting corollaries, and brings evidence from languages that are said not to have count-nouns to support them. Note: due to the length of the paper, I had to cut off a lot of details, examples, and discussions from this report.
Unravel browning mechanism in making kue delapan jam

This research intended to study browning reaction mechanism in making kue delapan jam and its implication on nutritional value. Browning reaction among substance exist in raw material during processing influence the sensories quality and color of cake significantly. The study was based on the theoretical approaches relate to browning reaction, taking into account the experimental test, material balance, and the available information. The reaction pathway (Maillard reaction, caramelization, lipid oxidation) was determined by the changes in concentration of raw material (dough) and selected observable chemical marker according to their ability to indentify reaction stages. Research applied completely randomized design with steaming time as a treatment (0 h, and 8 hours) with 3 replications. Reaction pathway determined by observing changes of sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose, hidroxy methyl furfural, acetic acid, formic acid, amino acid and fatty acid between the dough and the cake. Test results showed that there were no significant changes in sucrose concentration. No fructose, glucose, acetic acid, formic acid, and hidroxy methyl furfural indentified both in the dough and the cake. However there were significant decreasing on the concentration of lactose, amino acid and fatty acid. Browning reaction in making kue delapan jam likely occured via Maillard reaction between lactose and amino acids, lipids oxidation mechanism and reaction between amino acid and lipids oxidation product.
An Ultrasound Study on Gradient Coarticulatory Pharyngealization and Its Interaction with Arabic Phonemic Contrast

Arabic maintains a phonemic contrast between plain /t s/ and pharyngealized coronals /tʕ sʕ/, which are produced with a retracted tongue root. This study investigates whether coarticulatory pharyngealization in plain coronals is gradient or categorical and affected by the system of phonemic contrast. Midsagittal ultrasound images of the tongue were collected from 15 native speakers. Results show that coarticulation is categorical on /t s/ and suggest a phonological merger of coarticulated /s/ with phonemically pharyngealized /sʕ/ whereas /t/ exhibits minimal (or no) coarticulation. However, coarticulation is more gradient in coronal /n l/ which do not have a pharyngealization contrast because their coarticulatory pharyngeal gesture is less extreme than in phonemic pharyngealization but more extreme than in the plain context. Phonemic contrast does not impede coarticulation because coronals which are contrastive for pharyngealization, /t s/, exhibit similar degrees of sensitivity to coarticulation as coronals that are not contrastive for pharyngealization, /n l/.
Risque de cancer chez les personnes infectées par le VIH

L’avenement des therapies antiretrovirales combinees (cART) a induit une baisse considerable de la mortalite chez les personnes infectees par le VIH. Comparativement a la population generale, les personnes infectees par le VIH ont un risque eleve de cancers classant SIDA (sarcome de Kaposi (SK), lymphome non Hodgkinien (LNH) et cancer du col de l’uterus) et de plusieurs cancers non classant SIDA (poumon, maladie de Hodgkin, foie, canal anal, …), avec des sur-risques differents selon le type de cancer. Dans la periode recente des cART, le cancer est la cause de deces la plus frequente chez les personnes infectees par le VIH. Ce projet de these se base sur les donnees des personnes infectees par le VIH suivies dans la base de donnees hospitaliere francaise sur l’infection a VIH (FHDH ANRS CO4) et celles de la population generale a travers le reseau francais des registres de cancers en France (FRANCIM). Les objectifs de ce projet de these etaient d’etudier les evolutions temporelles de l’incidence et du risque des cancers les plus frequents chez les personnes infectees par le VIH et d’etudier le sur-risque chez les patients ayant un taux de CD4 ≥500/mm3 depuis au moins 2 ans sous traitement en comparaison avec le risque en population generale, de comparer l’âge au diagnostic de cancer entre les 2 populations et d’etudier les tendances temporelles de la survie apres le diagnostic d’un cancer chez les personnes infectees par le VIH.
Herpes Simplex Virus VP 16 , but Not ICP 0 , Is Required To Reduce Histone Occupancy and Enhance Histone Acetylation on Viral Genomes in U 2 OS Osteosarcoma Cells ! †

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome rapidly becomes associated with histones after injection into the host cell nucleus. The viral proteins ICP0 and VP16 are required for efficient viral gene expression and have been implicated in reducing the levels of underacetylated histones on the viral genome, raising the possibility that high levels of underacetylated histones inhibit viral gene expression. The U2OS osteosarcoma cell line is permissive for replication of ICP0 and VP16 mutants and appears to lack an innate antiviral repression mechanism present in other cell types. We therefore used chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine whether U2OS cells are competent to load histones onto HSV DNA and, if so, whether ICP0 and/or VP16 are required to reduce histone occupancy and enhance acetylation in this cell type. High levels of underacetylated histone H3 accumulated at several locations on the viral genome in the absence of VP16 activation function; in contrast, an ICP0 mutant displayed markedly reduced histone levels and enhanced acetylation, similar to wild-type HSV. These results demonstrate that U2OS cells are competent to load underacetylated histones onto HSV DNA and uncover an unexpected role for VP16 in modulating chromatin structure at viral early and late loci. One interpretation of these findings is that ICP0 and VP16 affect viral chromatin structure through separate pathways, and the pathway targeted by ICP0 is defective in U2OS cells. We also show that HSV infection results in decreased histone levels on some actively transcribed genes within the cellular genome, demonstrating that viral infection alters cellular chromatin structure.