Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL AND SCALE EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATED TOMATO PRODUCTION UNDER KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE I

This study examined the technical and scale efficiencies of irrigated tomato under Kano river irrigation project (KRIP) phase I. Primary data were collected from 213 irrigated tomato farmers, using multi-stage sampling techniques in three local government areas covered by KRIP. Data collected was based on the 2014/2015 irrigation farming season using structured questionnaire and were analysed using two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study established that given the current level of output, small scale farms can produce output using less inputs at 30% and 34% on average. However, 21% of the 152 small scale farms are fully efficient under the variable return to scale while only 17% farms are fully efficient under constant return to scale, indicating that many over 80% of the small scale farms did not operate at an efficient scale, hence adjusting the scale of operation could improve the efficiency. Also, majority (92%) of the medium scale farms category were found operating in the region of increasing returns or the sub-optimal region (Nasiru, 2010; Benjamin, Simon and Wuraola, 2011). This is closely followed by 76% of large scale farm category. This indicates that medium and large scale farms are operating scale inefficiency or below optimum production scale. To achieve the optimum production scale, these farms could do so by decreasing the costs. It was therefore recommended that since the farms were operating below optimum production scale or scale inefficient, farmer-education should be encouraged by extension agents through effective and efficient dissemination of information.
Treatment fearfulness and distress as predictors of professional psychological help-seeking

Abstract Only a small proportion of people who experience psychological distress seek professional psychological help. Treatment fearfulness is one of a number of factors thought to influence people's tendency to seek or avoid mental health treatment. The aim of the present study was to provide additional validity information on the Thoughts About Therapy Survey (TAPS) (Kushner & Sher, 1989), and to determine whether fear of therapy and psychological distress were predictive of help-seeking. A non-clinical student sample completed measures of their treatment fears, expectations, anxiety, psychological distress and help-seeking likelihood. Concurrent and construct validity was confirmed for TAPS. Image Concerns, Stigma Concerns, Coercion Concerns and psychological distress were related to the likelihood that subjects would seek professional psychological help. Results are discussed in relation to educational approaches for reducing treatment fearfulness and the potential for increasing appropriate professi.
Benthic foraminifera as tracers of brine production in Storfjorden sea ice factory

The rapid response of benthic foraminifera to environmental factors (e.g. organic matter quality and quantity, salinity, pH) and their high fossilisation potential make them promising bio-indicators for the intensity and recurrence of brine formation in Arctic seas. Such an approach, however, requires a thorough knowledge of their modern ecology in such extreme settings. To this aim, seven stations along a north–south transect across the Storfjorden (Svalbard archipelago) have been sampled using an interface multicorer. This fjord is an area of intense sea ice formation characterised by the production of brine-enriched shelf waters (BSW) as a result of a recurrent latent-heat polynya. Living (rose bengal-stained) foraminiferal assemblages were analysed together with geochemical and sedimentological parameters in the top 5 cm of the sediment. Three major biozones were distinguished. (i) The “inner fjord” zone, dominated by typical glacier proximal calcareous species, which opportunistically respond to fresh organic matter inputs. (ii) The “deep basins and sill” zone, characterised by glacier distal agglutinated fauna; these are either dominant because of the mostly refractory nature of organic matter and/or the brine persistence that hampers the growth of calcareous species and/or causes their dissolution. (iii) The “outer fjord” zone, characterised by typical North Atlantic species due to the intrusion of the North Atlantic water in the Storfjordrenna. The stressful conditions present in the deep basins and sill (i.e. acidic waters and low food quality) result in a high agglutinated / calcareous ratio (A/C). This supports the potential use of the A/C ratio as a proxy for brine persistence and overflow in Storfjorden.
Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow Developing in Static and Rotating Ribbed Channels

In the present work, the turbulent flow fields in a static and rotating ribbed channel representative of an aeronautical gas turbine are investigated by mean of wall-resolved compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES). This approach has been previously validated in a squared ribbed channel based on an experimental database from Von Karman Institute (Reynolds and rotation numbers of about 15000 and +/− 0.38 respectively). LES results prove to reproduce differences induced by buoyancy in the near rib region and resulting from adiabatic or anisothermal flows under rotation. The model also manages to predict the turbulence increase (decrease) around the rib in destabilizing (stabilizing) rotation of the ribbed channels. On this basis, this paper investigates in more details the spatial development of the flow along the channel and its potential impact on secondary flow structures. More specifically and for all simulations, results on the adiabatic static case exhibits two contra-rotating structures close to the lateral walls of the channel induced by transversal pressure difference created by the ribs. These structures are generated after the first ribs and appear behind all inter rib sections, their relative position being partly affected by rotation. When considering the stabilizing rotating case, two additional contra-rotating structures also develop along the channel from the entrance close to the low-pressure wall (rib-mounted side). These vortices are due to the confinement of the configuration, inflow profile and are the result of Coriolis forces induced by rotation. Görtler vortices also appear on the pressure wall (opposite to the rib-mounted side). In the destabilizing rotating case, these two types of secondary structures are found to co-exist and their migration in the channel is significantly different due to the presence of the ribs on the pressure side. Finally, it is shown that heat transfer affects only marginally the static and stabilized cases while it changes more significantly the flow organization in the destabilizing case mainly because of enhanced heat transfer and increased buoyancy force effects.
The role of the stratosphere in subseasonal to seasonal prediction part I: predictability of the stratosphere

35 The stratosphere has been identiﬁed as an important source of predictability for a range 36 of processes on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales. Knowledge about S2S predictabil-37 ity within the stratosphere is however still limited. This study evaluates to what extent 38 predictability in the extratropical stratosphere exists in hindcasts of operational predic-39 tion systems in the S2S database. The stratosphere is found to exhibit extended predictabil-40 ity as compared to the troposphere. Prediction systems with higher stratospheric skill 41 tend to also exhibit higher skill in the troposphere. The analysis also includes an assess-42 ment of the predictability for stratospheric events, including early and mid-winter sud-43 den stratospheric warming (SSW) events, strong vortex events, and extreme heat ﬂux 44 events for the Northern Hemisphere, and ﬁnal warming events for both hemispheres. Strong 45 vortex events and ﬁnal warming events exhibit higher levels of predictability as compared 46 to SSW events. In general, skill is limited to the deterministic range of one to two weeks. 47 High-top prediction systems overall exhibit higher stratospheric prediction skill as com-48 pared to their low-top counterparts, pointing to the important role of stratospheric rep-49 resentation in S2S prediction models. 50
Joys and Pains of Non-IP Teachers Amidst Indigenous Community: A Multiple Case Study

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to describe the experiences of the Non-Indigenous teachers who were assigned in the indigenous community. It highlighted with the complex task of teachers whose lives and profession has been offered to en- dure, and continue the program that aims to provide a bright future for the minorities. Through the in-depth interview, it was found out that workplace difficulties is the common problem of the teachers as they deliver their services to the indigenous community. Among the coping approaches of teachers, immersion with the community came out as their best weapon to be able to stay safely in the indigenous communi- ty. Cultivate passion for teaching is the strongest insight given by teachers as they continue their services to the indigenous students. This study has implication on how to address the problem and find ways to prevent it.
Dispersal evolution in a community context

Ecologists have long been interested in the consequences of dispersal for species interactions, trait evolution, and community coexistence. Less is known, however, about the impact of community structure or species interactions on the evolution of dispersal. In this report, I highlight recent research that has addressed this question and discuss how species interactions such as predation and parasitism affect dispersal evolution. Some noteworthy results include the selection on greater host dispersal as parasite search efficiency increases; the reversal on selection for dispersal in host individuals when a third trophic level is considered; novel mechanisms such as maternal provisioning that mediate the trade-off between competition and dispersal in plants. I also discuss how predictions for the evolution of dispersal change when multiple species are considered simultaneously. In a world where habitat fragmentation and climate change are increasing the pressure on species to move towards more favorable habitats, a better understanding of how dispersal is likely to evolve will help us predict range shifts and the future of communities in a more precise manner.
SOCIAL AND FAMILY ROLE STRESS AMONG WOMEN PROFESSIONALS

is given for the positive items as 1-Totally Disagree, 2-Disagree, 3-Undecided, 4-Agree and 5-Totally Agree. e minimum score is 25 and the maximum score is 125. e more score indicates the higher level of social and family role stress. e classiﬁcation of the level of stress (as key given by the author) using the score range is as follows: e present study is taken up with the objective to study the social and family role stress experienced by the women professionals. e researcher aims to understand their employment proﬁle, multiple roles in family and the social roles. e samples comprise of 195 women professionals in Coimbatore. e respondents are Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers and the Professional Social Workers. e tool used for the study is questionnaire, which includes questions about personal proﬁle, Employment proﬁle and the Social and Family Role stress Scale 1989 (SFRS) by S. Sultan Akhter . It assessed the level of Social and family role stress. It is seen that their years of experience, number of organizations worked, spouses' occupation are the inﬂuencing factors for their social and family role stress. ABSTRACT
The Dynamic Response of Sea Ice to Warming in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Ice arches in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) block the inflow of Arctic Ocean ice for the majority of the year. A 22 year record (1997–2018) of Arctic Ocean‐CAA ice exchange was used to investigate the effect of warming on CAA sea ice dynamics. Larger ice area flux values were associated with longer flow duration and faster ice speed facilitated by increased open water leeway from the CAA's transition to a younger and thinner ice regime, which together have contributed to a significant ice area flux increase (103 km2/year) from Arctic Ocean into the northern CAA from 1997 to 2018. Remarkably, the 2016 Arctic Ocean ice area flux into the CAA (161 × 103 km2) was 7 times greater than the 1997–2018 average (23 × 103 km2) and almost double the 2007 ice area flux into Nares Strait (87 × 103 km2). Continued warming may result in the CAA becoming a larger outlet for Arctic Ocean ice area loss.
Development of an inversion method to extract information on fault geometry from teleseismic data

Teleseismic waveforms contain information on fault slip evolution during an earthquake, as well as on the fault geometry. A linear finite-fault inversion method is a tool for solving the slip-rate function distribution under an assumption of fault geometry as a single or multiple-fault-plane model. An inappropriate assumption of fault geometry would tend to distort the solution due to Green’s function modelling errors. We developed a new inversion method to extract information on fault geometry along with the slip-rate function from observed teleseismic waveforms. In this method, as in most previous studies, we assumed a flat fault plane, but we allowed arbitrary directions of slip not necessarily parallel to the assumed fault plane. More precisely, the method represents fault slip on the assumed fault by the superposition of five basis components of potency-density tensor, which can express arbitrary fault slip that occurs underground. We tested the developed method by applying it to real teleseismic P waveforms of the MW 7.7 2013 Balochistan, Pakistan, earthquake, which is thought to have occurred along a curved fault system. The obtained spatiotemporal distribution of potency-density tensors showed that the focal mechanism at each source knot was dominated by a strike-slip component with successive strike angle rotation from 205° to 240° as the rupture propagated unilaterally towards the south-west from the epicentre. This result is consistent with Earth’s surface deformation observed in optical satellite images. The success of the developed method is attributable to the fact that teleseismic body waves are not very sensitive to the spatial location of fault slip, whereas they are very sensitive to the direction of fault slip. The method may be a powerful tool to extract information on fault geometry along with the slip-rate function without requiring detailed assumptions about fault geometry.
T1-D: A Case Study Comparing Student Satisfaction And Attainment Of Course Outcomes When Passive And Active Pedagogical Approaches Were Used To Teach Global Logistics To Industrial Distribution And Logistics Students

This paper presents an exploratory study of the use of passive and active pedagogies to teach global logistics to industrial distribution and logistics students. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the type of teaching method (1) impacts student engagement and course interest, and (2) improves student understanding and application of logistics principles. Course evolution is described over an eleven-year period. Instructor and student roles and types of assignments are discussed. The paper summarizes student satisfaction and achievement of course outcomes based on administered surveys, course evaluations, examination and assignment performance, informal feedback, and course assessments. The results indicate that the majority of students preferred active learning, but desired that some passive teaching be retained. Compared to passive methods, active teaching helped students to improve their understanding of logistics. The study provides a model for academics interested in designing courses to teach logistics in an international context.
Study on benefits evaluation of water diversion project: Case study in water transfer from the Yangtze River to Lake Taihu

To resolve the uneven distribution of water resources and the imbalance between water demand and water supply in Taihu Basin, the Yangtze River to Lake Taihu water transfer (YTWTP) project has been built since 2002. It is considered as a necessary measure to insure the water supply of Taihu basin. For the prospective development of the YTWTP, the comprehensive benefits of the YTWTP were evaluated in this paper. Presently, many studies focus on the intergraded water resources management and the improvement of water environment after water diversion. There are fewer studies on comprehensive benefits evaluation of water diversion. Thus, in this paper, an evaluation framework for comprehensive benefits evaluation of water diversion project was constructed. It was contained of several quantitative methods. The water diversion in 2011 of the YTWTP was selected as the evaluation object. Both the direct and indirect benefits were calculated. It was shown that the comprehensive benefit came to 9.9379 billion yuan. Among them, the direct benefits reached 9.4189 billion yuan, the rest were the indirect benefits. Based on the integrated evaluation framework, the evaluation results indicated that the YTWTP has brought significant benefits on the intake area of Taihu basin. It can be considered as a reference on benefits evaluation of other water transfer projects.
Consistent MPFA Discretization for Flow in the Presence of Gravity

A standard practice used in the industry to discretizing the gravity term in the two‐phase Darcy flow equations is to apply an upwind strategy. In this paper, we show that this can give a persistent unphysical flux field and an incorrect pressure distribution. As a solution to this problem, we present a new consistent discretization of flow, termed Gravitationally Consistent Multipoint Flux Approximation (GCMPFA), which is valid for both single‐ and two‐phase flows. The discretization is based on the idea that the gravitational term in the flow equations is treated as part of the discrete flux operator and not as a right‐hand side. Here, the traditional formulation representing pressure as a potential is extended to the case including gravity by introducing an additional set of right‐hand side to the local linear system solved in the MPFA construction, thus obtaining an expression of the fluxes in terms of jumps in cell‐center gravities. Numerical examples showing the convergence of the method are provided for both single‐ and two‐phase flows. For two‐phase flow, we show how our new method is capable of eliminating the unphysical fluxes arising when using a standard upwind scheme, thus converging to the correct pressure distribution.
Ecological and geochemical impact of an underground colliery waste discharge to a river

This study investigated the impact of mine wastewater disposal to a nearby river (the Bargo River). Mean electrical conductivity (EC) increased in surface waters below the mine discharge, rising more than six times from (219.5 μS/cm) upstream to 1551 μS/cm below the waste inflow. River pH increased from 7.12 (upstream) to 8.67 (downstream). The mine discharge strongly modified the ionic composition of the river. The mean concentration of several metals in the river were increased due to the mine wastewater. Nickel increased from 1.0 μg/L (upstream) to 32 μg/L (downstream). Zinc increased from 3.5 μg/L (upstream) to 23.5 μg/L (downstream). Our study also assessed the biological uptake of pollutants by growing weeping willow (Salix babylonica) cuttings in mine wastewater and contrasting to ‘control’ cuttings grown in river water from upstream of the mine. After growing in the laboratory for several weeks, the cuttings accumulated metals, dominated by barium, strontium and lithium. Results from the study constituted one of the most detailed geochemical and ecological studies investigating the impact of the coal mine waste discharge to an Australian river. Recommendations are suggested for improved regulation of the mine discharge to reduce its wastewater environmental impact.
Geography and the water–energy–food nexus: Introduction

This themed section was initiated after the 2016 Annual Conference of the Royal Geographical Society ‐ Institute of British Geographers, which had the overall theme of Nexus Thinking , and which included assessment of geographical dimensions of the water – energy – food (WEF) nexus. In this short editorial introduction, we outline the context for this assessment, and introduce the particular focus of the four papers that make up the section. We then show how they add to our understanding of the nexus in terms of the multiple and inter ‐ dependent geographical scales at which the WEF nexus can be analysed, and be the subject of governance, policy and action. The water – energy – food (WEF) nexus, in the context of natural resource demands and climate impacts, offers a nomencla-ture for a high level system of technological, socio ‐ economic and environmental systems (Hoff, 2011; World Economic Forum, 2011). We move through this rich space as a society, a community, and as individuals. Decisions and choices are made at different levels – from global to personal, determined by many factors including market forces, law and regulation, budgetary constraints, civic convention, as well as ethical and moral values. These decisions are based necessarily on an incomplete sight of the component parts. So how then can decision ‐ making be improved in such a way as to minimise environmental and social degradation in the face of resource consumption and, ultimately, physical constraints and limits (Rockström et 2009a, 2009b)?
Long-Term Forest Growth and Decadal Soil Chemistry Change across the White Mountain National Forest

Identifying the areal extent of bedrock outcrops and associated shallow soils has important implications in understanding spatial patterns in vegetation composition and productivity, stream chemistry gradients, and various soil properties. Few studies have automated the delineation of bedrock outcrops, and previous research has focused on methods of digital delineations in landscapes with rapidly eroding hillslopes and sparse vegetation. Manual methods of delineating bedrock outcrops and associated shallow soils are still commonly employed and are expensive to employ over broad areas and limited by geometry of polygon units. The overall objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of visually interpreting high-resolution relief maps for locating bedrock outcrops and to automate these delineations using predictive analytics. Visual interpretation of lidar-derived 1 m shaded relief maps at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) resulted in a 70% accuracy of interpreting deep soil locations and 92% accuracy in distinguishing bedrock outcrops and shallow soil. We explored four probabilistic classifications of multiple lidar-derived topographic metrics as predictive variables for bedrock outcrops and associated shallow soil presence. All four methods identified similar predictors, including slope and two topographic position indices with a 15 and 200 m circular analysis window respectively, for bedrock outcrops and associated shallow soils. Although all classifiers yielded very similar