Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histone Acetylation Facilitates Rapid and Robust Memory CD8 T Cell Response through Differential Expression of Effector Molecules (Eomesodermin and Its Targets: Perforin and Granzyme B)1

To understand the mechanism regulating the effector function of memory CD8 T cells, we examined expression and chromatin state of a key transcription factor (eomesodermin, EOMES) and two of its targets: perforin (PRF1) and granzyme B (GZMB). Accessible chromatin associated histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac) was found significantly higher at the proximal promoter and the first exon region of all three genes in memory CD8 T cells than in naive CD8 T cells. Correspondingly, EOMES and PRF1 were constitutively higher expressed in memory CD8 T cells than in naive CD8 T cells at resting and activated states. In contrast, higher expression of GZMB was induced in memory CD8 T cells than in naive CD8 T cells only after activation. Regardless of their constitutive or inducible expression, decreased H3K9Ac levels after treatment with a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (Curcumin) led to decreased expression of all three genes in activated memory CD8 T cells. These findings suggest that H3K9Ac associated accessible chromatin state serves as a corner stone for the differentially high expression of these effector genes in memory CD8 T cells. Thus, epigenetic changes mediated via histone acetylation may provide a chromatin “memory” for the rapid and robust transcriptional response of memory CD8 T cells.
Oculo-vestibular recoupling using galvanic vestibular stimulation to mitigate simulator sickness.

INTRODUCTION Despite improvement in the computational capabilities of visual displays in flight simulators, intersensory visual-vestibular conflict remains the leading cause of simulator sickness (SS). By using galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), the vestibular system can be synchronized with a moving visual field in order to lessen the mismatch of sensory inputs thought to result in SS. METHODS A multisite electrode array was used to deliver combinations of GVS in 21 normal subjects. Optimal electrode combinations were identified and used to establish GVS dose-response predictions for the perception of roll, pitch, and yaw. Based on these data, an algorithm was then implemented in flight simulator hardware in order to synchronize visual and GVS-induced vestibular sensations (oculo-vestibular-recoupled or OVR simulation). Subjects were then randomly exposed to flight simulation either with or without OVR simulation. A self-report SS checklist was administered to all subjects after each session. An overall SS score was calculated for each category of symptoms for both groups. RESULTS The analysis of GVS stimulation data yielded six unique combinations of electrode positions inducing motion perceptions in the three rotational axes. This provided the algorithm used for OVR simulation. The overall SS scores for gastrointestinal, central, and peripheral categories were 17%, 22.4%, and 20% for the Control group and 6.3%, 20%, and 8% for the OVR group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS When virtual head signals produced by GVS are synchronized to the speed and direction of a moving visual field, manifestations of induced SS in a cockpit flight simulator are significantly reduced.
The relationship between end‐plate size and transmitter release in normal and dystrophic muscles of the mouse.

1. The morphology of nerve terminals and sub‐neural apparatuses was examined in the muscles of normal and dystrophic adult mice of the Bar Harbor 129 ReJ strain. Nerve terminals were larger in dystrophic muscles than in normal muscles and nerve terminal sprouting was evident in about 50% of the dystrophic muscles fibres. End‐plate area was positively correlated with muscle fibre diameter in both normal and dystrophic muscles. 2. Polynueronal innervation was found in only 1% of dystrophic muscle fibres impaled with micro‐electrodes. 3. Miniature end‐plate potential amplitude was positively correlated with muscle fibre input resistance in both normal and dystrophic muscles. There was however, a greater than normal variation in the amplitudes of m.e.p.p.s recorded from individual dystrophic muscle fibres. 4. Quantum contents of end‐plate potentials were estimated in normal and dystrophic mouse nerve‐muscle preparations partially blocked with D‐tubocurarine. The quantum content of e.p.p.s seemed to be related to muscle fibre diameter, and in dystrophic muscles the characteristics of evoked release were indistinguishable from normal. 5. It was concluded that the nerve terminal sprouting and the expansion of end‐plate area which were observed in dystrophic muscles are not a consequence of any form of denervation, but represent an attempt by the axon to expand the area of synaptic contact in hypertrophied muscle fibres.
Les déterminants du rationnement du crédit des PME en France : un modèle de déséquilibre sur un panel cylindré (2002-2010)

Communication au 2 eme Colloque International de Defaillance d'Entreprise (CIDE) "Quand les PME matent l'echec", Universite Paris Ouest la Defense, 14 octobre 2016 Les determinants du rationnement du credit des PME en France: un modele de desequilibre sur un panel cylindre (2002-2010) Philippe ADAIR 1 et Mohamed ADASKOU 2 Resume Le rationnement de credit procede de l'existence de l'asymetrie d'information, a la fois ex ante et ex post a la signature du contrat de pret. Il constitue un equilibre dans lequel les banques accordent du credit a certains emprunteurs alors qu'elles en evincent d'autres qui pourraient neanmoins payer un taux d'interet plus eleve. Une hypothese classique est que les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) sont les plus affectees par le rationnement du credit. Nous elaborons un modele de desequilibre afin d'analyser les determinants du rationnement du credit sur un panel equilibre de 2.370 PME francaises au cours de la periode 2002-2010. Selon les estimations des equations simultanees, la demande desiree de credit bancaire est determinee par des facteurs exogenes du cote de l'offre, tels que le taux d'interet et les garanties exigees par les banques. Les banques decident d'accorder un credit selon la capacite des emprunteurs d'assurer le remboursement des prets. La part des PME rationnees, que ce soit partiellement ou totalement, s'eleve en moyenne a 23,46% de l'echantillon. Ce resultat suggere que l'acces aux prets bancaires n'est pas un enjeu majeur pour les PME francaises qui en sont en activite depuis une dizaine d'annees. Mots-cles : France, modele de desequilibre, panel cylindre, PME, rationnement du credit JEL: G21, G23
Does Emotional Intelligence Power Strategic Decision Making? A case of Private School Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya

Strategic decision making as a significant component of a firm’s strategy outlines the projected achievement of organization goals. Firm managers are thus expected to possess strategic thinking skills and competency so as to articulate a firm’s vision. While many researches have focused on antecedents of strategic decision making, there is miniature empirical evidence on emotional intelligence as key predictor of firm manager’s strategic thinking. Many researches on influence of emotional intelligence on strategic decision making have also focused on emotional intelligence in marketing, military, finance, manufacturing firms with little reference to private school enterprises which engage in tuition pricing, social and production unit enterprise strategies to gain competitive advantage hence the need for this study that researched on the effect of emotional intelligence and strategic decision making in private school enterprise in Nairobi County, Kenya. The specific objective was to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on strategic decision making. The research was grounded on emotional intelligence theory, upper echelons theory and decision theories. The study employed explanatory research design and collected data using a structured questionnaire. The target population was 1130 respondents from which a sample size of 504 respondents was drawn. Stratified sampling technique was used to select school directors, principals, deputy principals and heads of departments then simple random sampling was used to select respondents that participated in the study. A pilot study was carried out in private school enterprises in Kiambu County, Kenya and all the instruments’ reliability had a Cronbach’s alpha above 0.6. Data was coded and entered into SPSS 20 program and analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation, Analysis of Variance and hierarchical multiple regression methods. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize data into meaningful forms. Factor analysis was done to ensure content, construct and discriminant validity. Multiple regression results indicated that emotional intelligence significantly influenced strategic decision making (beta=.312, p=.001),). In conclusion, emotional intelligence of a manager plays a prediction role in strategic decision making. The findings are vital to the private school enterprises in relation to development of emotional intelligence of the managers which play significant roles in strategic decision making in a firm. The findings as well inform practitioners and investors in the private school enterprises to utilize emotional intelligence models in the development of private school managers.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3α Is the Main Isoform That Regulates the Transcription Factors Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and cAMP Response Element Binding in Bovine Endothelial Cells Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutive enzyme implicated in the regulation of cytokine expression and the inflammatory response during bacterial infections. Mammals have two GSK3 isoforms named GSK3α and GSK3β that plays different but often overlapping functions. Although the role of GSK3β in cytokine regulation during the inflammatory response caused by bacteria is well described, GSK3α has not been found to participate in this process. Therefore, we tested if GSK3α may act as a regulatory isoform in the cytokine expression by bovine endothelial cells infected with Staphylococcus aureus because this bacterium is one of the major pathogens that cause tissue damage associated with inflammatory dysfunction. Interestingly, although both isoforms were phosphorylated–inactivated, we consistently observed a higher phosphorylation of GSK3α at Ser21 than that of GSK3β at Ser9 after bacterial challenge. During a temporal course of infection, we characterized a molecular switch from pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-8), promoted by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), at an early stage (2 h) to an anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-10), promoted by cAMP response element binding (CREB), at a later stage (6 h). We observed an indirect effect of GSK3α activity on NF-κB activation that resulted in a low phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, a decreased interaction between CREB and the co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP), and a lower expression level of IL-10. Gene silencing of GSK3α and GSK3β with siRNA indicated that GSK3α knockout promoted the interaction between CREB and CBP that, in turn, increased the expression of IL-10, reduced the interaction of NF-κB with CBP, and reduced the expression of IL-8. These results indicate that GSK3α functions as the primary isoform that regulates the expression of IL-10 in endothelial cells infected with S. aureus.
Evolution of a Multidisciplinary Clinical Pathway for the Management of Unstable Patients With Pelvic Fractures

ObjectiveTo determine whether the evolution of the authors’ clinical pathway for the treatment of hemodynamically compromised patients with pelvic fractures was associated with improved patient outcome. Summary Background DataHemodynamically compromised patients with pelvic fractures present a complex challenge. The multidisciplinary trauma team must control hemorrhage, restore hemodynamics, and rapidly identify and treat associated life-threatening injuries. The authors developed a clinical pathway consisting of five primary elements: immediate trauma attending surgeon’s presence in the emergency department, early simultaneous transfusion of blood and coagulation factors, prompt diagnosis and management of associated life-threatening injuries, stabilization of the pelvic girdle, and timely insinuation of pelvic angiography and embolization. The addition of two orthopedic pelvic fracture specialists led to a revision of the pathway, emphasizing immediate emergency department presence of the orthopedic trauma attending to provide joint decision making with the trauma surgeon, closing the pelvic volume in the emergency department, and using alternatives to traditional external fixation devices. MethodsUsing trauma registry and blood bank records, the authors identified pelvic fracture patients receiving blood transfusions in the emergency department. They analyzed patients treated before versus after the May 1998 revision of the clinical pathway. ResultsA higher proportion of patients in the late period had blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (52% vs. 35%). In the late period, diagnostic peritoneal lavage was phased out in favor of torso ultrasound as a primary triage tool, and pelvic binding and C-clamp application largely replaced traditional external fixation devices. The overall death rate decreased from 31% in the early period to 15% in the later period, as did the rate of deaths from exsanguination (9% to 1%), multiple organ failure (12% to 1%), and death within 24 hours (16% to 5%). ConclusionsThe evolution of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway, coordinating the resources of a level 1 trauma center and directed by joint decision making between trauma surgeons and orthopedic traumatologists, has resulted in improved patient survival. The primary benefits appear to be in reducing early deaths from exsanguination and late deaths from multiple organ failure.
Communication-based collision avoidance between vulnerable road users and cars

The advent of wireless communication for vehicles paves the road for a bounty of cooperative applications: The most interesting being cooperative safety awareness. By exchanging information vehicles can become aware of each other and prevent dangerous situations that can lead to crashes either by early warning drivers or by automatic vehicle control, a solution particularly appealing for self-driving cars. While research on vehicular safety mainly focuses on vehicle-to-vehicle safety, we can exploit communication to implement applications aimed at protecting vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians or cyclists. In this paper, we start by exploiting a probability framework for estimating the likelihood of collision between a vehicles approaching an intersection and a cyclist, in light of the feasibility of communication between the two. On top of this framework, we design a simple application that, under certain conditions, informs the car driver (assumed to have to yield precedence) of the possible collision. We model the reaction of the driver to the warning and analyze possible benefits and drawbacks of such an application. The contribution is not the application itself, which is obvious, but the insights in the results in light of communication capabilities and human reaction that provide a specific set of aspects that should be considered in the design of such a safety system.
Allelotype of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PAC) is a rare pancreatic tumor for which no information about chromosomal and gene anomalies is available. We performed genome‐wide allelotyping of 9 PACs using DNA from 5 frozen and 4 paraffin‐embedded samples and 76 PCR‐amplified, chromosome‐specific microsatellite markers. High degrees of allelic loss were found, with a mean fractional allelic loss of 0.33. Chromosomes 1p, 4q and 17p showed loss of heterozygosity in >70% of cases and chromosomes 11q, 13q, 15q and 16q, in 60% to 70% of cases. Chromosomes 3q, 6q, 8q, 18q and 21q showed loss in 50% to 60% of cases. All of the remaining chromosomes showed no or few allelic losses. The resulting allelotype of PAC is markedly different from that of either ductal or endocrine tumors of the pancreas, and the involvement of chromosomes 4q and 16q appears to be characteristic of this tumor type. High‐resolution mapping of the 12 frequently altered chromosomes in 5 cases with 222 markers permitted subchromosomal localization of regions of consensus loss on 5 chromosomes, including 1p36.31, 3p25.2, 4q26‐31.1, 15q15‐22.1 and 16q21‐q22.1. Our findings suggest that PAC tumorigenesis involves molecular pathways different from those occurring in more common pancreatic tumor types. Int. J. Cancer 88:772–777, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anteromedial impingement of the ankle: using MR arthrography to assess the anteromedial recess.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to describe the appearance of the anteromedial tibiotalar joint on MR arthrography in patients with clinically and arthroscopically confirmed anteromedial impingement. CONCLUSION Anteromedial impingement of the ankle is now being recognized in the orthopedic literature as a distinct entity. MR arthrographic findings of anteromedial impingement include capsular and synovial soft-tissue thickening anterior to the tibiotalar ligaments and any associated osseous abnormality. Although anteromedial impingement is uncommon compared with other impingement syndromes of the ankle, the radiologist should be aware of the diagnosis and possible findings on cross-sectional imaging.
Signs and symptoms of urethritis and cervicitis among women with or without Mycoplasma genitalium or Chlamydia trachomatis infection

Objectives: To study the prevalence, symptoms, and signs of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women attending a Swedish STD clinic, accessible for both sexes, and in a group of young women called in the cervical cancer screening programme. Methods: A cross sectional study among female STD clinic attendees in Örebro and a study among women called for Papanicolaou smear screening. Attendees were examined for urethritis and cervicitis. First void urine and endocervical samples were tested for M genitalium and C trachomatis. Results: The prevalence of C trachomatis and M genitalium in the STD clinic population was 10% (45/465) and 6% (26/461), respectively. Dual infection was diagnosed in four women. In the cancer screening group of women the corresponding prevalence was 2% (1/59) and 0%, respectively. Among the STD clinic attendees there were no significant differences in symptoms (32% v 23%, RR 1.4, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.4) or signs (71% v 50%, RR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.3) between C trachomatis and M genitalium infections. Microscopic signs of cervicitis were significantly more common among M genitalium and C trachomatis infected women than in the cancer screening group of women. 56% (15/27) of male partners of M genitalium infected women were infected with M genitalium compared to 59% of male partners of C trachomatis infected women who were infected with C trachomatis (p = 0.80). Conclusions:M genitalium is a common infection associated with cervicitis and with a high prevalence of infected sexual partners supporting its role as a cause of sexually transmitted infection.
Constitutive and interleukin-1-inducible phosphorylation of p65 NF-{kappa}B at serine 536 is mediated by multiple protein kinases including I{kappa}B kinase (IKK)-{alpha}, IKK{beta}, IKK{epsilon}, TRAF family member-associated (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and an unknown kinase and couples p65 to 

Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65(RelA) serine 536 is physiologically induced in response to a variety of proinflammatory stimuli, but the responsible pathways have not been conclusively unraveled, and the function of this phosphorylation is largely elusive. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence for a role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in interleukin-1- or tumor necrosis factor-induced Ser-536 phosphorylation, as revealed by pharmacological inhibitors. We were not able to suppress Ser-536 phosphorylation by either RNA interference directed at IkappaB kinase (IKK)-alpha/beta (the best characterized Ser-536 kinases so far) or the IKKbeta inhibitor SC-514 or dominant negative mutants of either IKK. A green fluorescent protein p65 fusion protein was phosphorylated at Ser-536 in the absence of IKK activation, suggesting the existence of IKKalpha/beta-independent Ser-536 kinases. Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating Ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained IKKalpha, IKKbeta, IKKepsilon, and TBK1. Overexpressed IKKepsilon and TBK1 phosphorylate Ser-536 in vivo and in vitro. Reconstitution of mutant p65 proteins in p65-deficient fibroblasts that either mimicked phosphorylation (S536D) or preserved a predicted hydrogen bond between Ser-536 and Asp-533 (S536N) revealed that phosphorylation of Ser-536 favors interleukin-8 transcription mediated by TATA-binding protein-associated factor II31, a component of TFIID. In the absence of phosphorylation, the hydrogen bond favors binding of the corepressor amino-terminal enhancer of split to the p65 terminal transactivation domain. Collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on Ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter.