Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and Doppler monitoring of EPIC 246471491, a system of four transiting planets smaller than Neptune

The Kepler extended mission, also known as K2, has provided the community with a wealth of planetary candidates that orbit stars typically much brighter than the targets of the original mission. These planet candidates are suitable for further spectroscopic follow-up and precise mass determinations, leading ultimately to the construction of empirical mass-radius diagrams. Particularly interesting is to constrain the properties of planets between the Earth and Neptune in size, the most abundant type of planets orbiting Sun-like stars with periods less than a few years. Among many other K2 candidates, we discovered a multi-planetary system around EPIC246471491, with four planets ranging in size from twice the size of Earth, to nearly the size of Neptune. We measure the mass of the planets of the EPIC246471491 system by means of precise radial velocity measurements using the CARMENES spectrograph and the HARPS-N spectrograph. With our data we are able to determine the mass of the two inner planets of the system with a precision better than 15%, and place upper limits on the masses of the two outer planets. We find that EPIC246471491b has a mass of 9.68 Me, and a radius of 2.59 Re, yielding a mean density of 3.07 g/cm3, while EPIC246471491c has a mass of 15.68 Me, radius of 3.53 Re, and a mean density of 19.5 g/cm3. For EPIC246471491d (R=2.48Re) and EPIC246471491e (R=1.95Re) the upper limits for the masses are 6.5 and 10.7 Me, respectively. The system is thus composed of a nearly Neptune-twin planet (in mass and radius), two sub-Neptunes with very different densities and presumably bulk composition, and a fourth planet in the outermost orbit that resides right in the middle of the super-Earth/sub-Neptune radius gap. Future comparative planetology studies of this system can provide useful insights into planetary formation, and also a good test of atmospheric escape and evolution theories.
Real-time altitude control for a quadrotor helicopter using a super-twisting controller based on high-order sliding mode observer

This article addresses the problem of altitude tracking for unmanned aircraft system when the altitude velocity is unknown, because in a practical implementation, the available sensors used to measure the vehicle’s altitude (barometer, global positioning system, laser, etc.) do not provide the altitude velocity. We propose a control strategy based on both the super-twisting sliding mode controller as well as a high-order sliding mode observer to control and to estimate the altitude velocity, respectively. A comprehensive stability analysis for the combined controller–observer based on the Lyapunov stability theory is presented, ensuring the asymptotic convergence of the tracking error under external bounded disturbances. To demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed solution, an extensive set of real-time experimental tests performed at outdoor environments is presented.
Cubic Cayley graphs of girth at most six and their hamiltonicity

Thomassen's conjecture states that a cubic graph with sufficiently large cyclic connectivity is hamiltonian. Even the following strong conjecture could hold: A cyclically 7-connected cubic graph is hamiltonian, or it is the Coxeter graph. Assuming the conjecture holds true, to prove the hamiltonicity of cubic Cayley graphs it is sufficient to examine cubic Cayley graphs of girth at most 6. Motivated by this, we characterise cubic Cayley graphs of girth at most six and identify few "hard families" of cubic Cayley graphs of small girth for which we are not able to verify whether they are hamiltonian.
Analysis of Compression Techniques for Stereoscopic Images

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) have been emerging in the last years and they are gaining an increased popularity in many industries. HMDs are generally used in entertainment, social interaction, education, but their use for work is also increasing in domains such as medicine, modeling and simulation. Despite the recent release of many types of HMDs, two major problems are hindering their widespread adoption in the mainstream market: the extremely high costs and the user experience issues [1]. The illusion of a 3D display in HMDs is achieved with a technique called stereoscopy. Applications of stereoscopic imagining are such that data transfer rates and—in mobile applications—storage quickly become a bottleneck. Therefore, efficient image compression techniques are required. Standard image compression techniques are not suitable for stereoscopic images due to the discrete differences that occur between the compressed and uncompressed images. The issue is that the loss in lossy image compression may blur the minute differences between the left-eye and right-eye images that are crucial in establishing the illusion of 3D perception. However, in order to achieve more efficient coding, there are various coding techniques that can be adapted to stereoscopic images. Stereo image compression techniques that can be found in the literature utilize discrete Wavelet transformation and the morphological compression algorithm applied to the transform coefficients. This paper provides an overview and comparison of available techniques for the compression of stereoscopic images, as there is still no technique that is accepted as best for all criteria. We want to test the techniques with users who would actually be potential users of HMDs and therefore would be exposed to these techniques. Also, we focused our research on low-priced, consumer grade HMDs which should be available for larger population.
Single feed circularly polarized crescent-cut and extended corner square microstrip antennas for wireless biotelemetry

In this paper, the development of two novel circularly polarized microstrip antennas is thoroughly explained. These antennas are fed by coaxial feeding technique. One of the primary objectives of the proposed work is to tune the antennas to work in ISM band. This frequency band refers to the internationally recognized radio frequency bandwidth which is to be used explicitly for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical applications. Therefore, these antennas would be suitable to use in the field of wireless biotelemetry. Two new antenna design techniques have been introduced to produce circular polarization, and details of these schemes are described. The proposed microstrip antennas are designed and simulated on Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The return loss of the proposed crescent-cut antenna is -19.3 dB at the operating frequency. The extended corner antenna has the return loss of -29.3 dB at the tuned frequency. The simulation results are also presented and discussed.
Liquid‐metal‐fluidically polarization reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna

In this article, we propose a liquid‐metal‐fluidically polarization reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna. The edge‐truncated patch is designed to generate circular polarization (CP), and two microfluidic channels are designed for the polarization reconfigurability. Therefore, the polarization of the proposed antenna is switched to linear polarization (LP) from the CP when the liquid metal is injected on the microfluidic channels. The microfluidic channels are fabricated on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, and eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) is used as the liquid metal. The performance of the proposed antenna is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The measured 10‐dB impedance bandwidth is 1.579‐1.619 GHz and 1.563‐1.587 GHz for the CP and LP modes, respectively. At the CP mode, the measured axial ratio (AR) and RHCP gain at 1.595 GHz are 2.267 dB and 6.59 dBic, respectively. At the LP mode, the measured AR and peak gain at 1.585 GHz are 12.335 dB and 5.18 dBi, respectively.
Gr\"obner Bases of Bihomogeneous Ideals generated by Polynomials of Bidegree (1,1): Algorithms and Complexity

Solving multihomogeneous systems, as a wide range of structured algebraic systems occurring frequently in practical problems, is of first importance. Experimentally, solving these systems with Gr\"obner bases algorithms seems to be easier than solving homogeneous systems of the same degree. Nevertheless, the reasons of this behaviour are not clear. In this paper, we focus on bilinear systems (i.e. bihomogeneous systems where all equations have bidegree (1,1)). Our goal is to provide a theoretical explanation of the aforementionned experimental behaviour and to propose new techniques to speed up the Gr\"obner basis computations by using the multihomogeneous structure of those systems. The contributions are theoretical and practical. First, we adapt the classical F5 criterion to avoid reductions to zero which occur when the input is a set of bilinear polynomials. We also prove an explicit form of the Hilbert series of bihomogeneous ideals generated by generic bilinear polynomials and give a new upper bound on the degree of regularity of generic affine bilinear systems. This leads to new complexity bounds for solving bilinear systems. We propose also a variant of the F5 Algorithm dedicated to multihomogeneous systems which exploits a structural property of the Macaulay matrix which occurs on such inputs. Experimental results show that this variant requires less time and memory than the classical homogeneous F5 Algorithm.
Hybrid functions for numerical solution of fractional Fredholm‐Volterra functional integro‐differential equations with proportional delays

In this work, we propose an efficient and accurate computational approach based on the Genocchi hybrid functions (GHFs) for solving a class of fractional Fredholm‐Volterra functional integro‐differential equations (FVFIDEs) with proportional delays. First, the Genocchi hybrid functions are constructed. Then, the operational matrix of the Caputo fractional derivative with some properties of the GHFs is employed to reduce the fractional FVFIDEs with proportional delays to systems of algebraic equations in terms of the unknown coefficients. Ultimately, the upper bound of error and convergence of approximate solution to exact solution are discussed. Moreover, we consider some examples to demonstrate the validity and applicability of our method.
Progress toward the Synthesis of Pochonin J

The construction of the C(1) - C(5) fragment of the resorcylic acid lactone pochonin J is described. The synthesis is marked by the installation of the cis-1,3-diol moiety in a highly stereoselective manner using Evans’ intra-molecular base-catalyzed oxyconjugate addition of a hemiacetal-derived nucleophile. The synthetic route presented affords an efficient pathway to the preparation of this critical architectural feature that should facilitate the development of this secondary metabolite as a potential drug candidate.
Locational Marginal Price Variability at Distribution Level: A GB Study

As distribution systems move towards being more actively managed there is increased potential for regional markets and the application of locational marginal prices (LMPs) to capture spatial variation in the marginal cost of electricity at distribution level. However, with this increased network visibility can come increased price volatility and uncertainty to investors. This paper studies the variation in LMPs in a section of the south west of England distribution network for current and future installed capacity of distributed generation. It has been shown that in an unconstrained network, spatial LMP variation (due to losses) is minimal compared to the temporal variation. In a constrained network, a significant increase in LMP volatility was observed, both spatially and temporally. This could bring risk for generators particularly if they become stranded in low price areas, or flexible demands facing a drop-off in return when constraints are removed.
Processes Underlying Human Performance

Two decades ago, a chapter on aviation with this title might have focused on physical aspects of human performance, on representing the control processes involved in flying. There has been such a fundamental change in our knowledge and techniques that this chapter focuses almost exclusively on cognitive processes. The main aims are to show that relatively few general principles underlie the huge amount of information relevant to interface design, and that context is a key concept in understanding human behavior.
On Wolfgang Spohn’s Laws of Belief

This is one of a pair of discussion notes comparing some features of the account of causation in Wolfgang Spohn’s Laws of Belief with the “interventionist” account in James Woodward’s Making Things Happen. Despite striking similarities there are also important differences. These include (i) the “epistemic” orientation of Spohn’s account as opposed to the worldly or “ontic” orientation of the interventionist account, (ii) Spohn’s focus on token-level causal claims in contrast to the primary interventionist focus on type-level claims, (iii) the role of temporal information in accounting for causal asymmetry, and (iv) the extent to which causal claims are “frame relative. ”
Matchmoving The Invisible Art Of Camera Tracking

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Chemical enrichment and star formation in the Milky Way disk; I. Sample description and chromospheric age-metallicity relation

The age-metallicity relation of the solar neighbourhood is studied using a sample of 552 late-type dwarfs. This sample was built from the intersection of photometric catalogues with chromospheric activity surveys of the Mount Wilson group. For these stars, metallicities were estimated from uvby data, and ages were calculated from their chromospheric emission levels using a new metallicity-dependent chromospheric activity-age relation developed by Rocha-Pinto & Maciel (1998). A careful estimate of the errors in the chromospheric age is made. The errors in the chromospheric indices are shown to include partially the effects of the stellar magnetic cycles, although a detailed treatment of this error is still beyond our knowledge. It is shown that the results are not affected by the presence of unresolved binaries in the sample. We derive an age-metallicity relation which confirms the mean trend found by previous workers. The mean metallicity shows a slow, steady increase with time, amounting at least 0.56 dex in 15 Gyr. The initial metallicity of the disk is around -0.70 dex, in agreement with the G dwarf metallicity distribution. According to our data, the intrinsic cosmic dispersion in metal abundances is around 0.13 dex, a factor of two smaller than that found by Edvardsson et al. (1993). We show that chromospheric ages are compatible with isochrone ages, within the expected errors, so that the difference in the scatter cannot be caused by the accuracy of our ages and metallicities. This reinforces some suggestions that the Edvarsson et al.'s sample is not suitable to the determination of the age-metallicity relation.
Tuning of learning rate and momentum on backpropagation

Summary form only given. In the backpropagation process, the amendment of interconnecting weights given to the units of the input layer or hidden layer is calculated by the momentum ( alpha ) and the learning rate ( eta ). The number of training cycles, therefore, depends on alpha and eta , so that it is necessary to choose the most suitable values for alpha and eta . By changing alpha and eta , the authors tried to search for the most suitable values for the learning. The combinations alpha and eta behave under the constant rule, which is represented by eta =K(1- alpha ). Moreover, the constant K is determined by the ratio between the number of output units and hidden units. This conclusion is very important for deciding the size of a neural network. <<ETX>>
Spectropolarimetric Characteristics of Brown Dwarfs. II. Uniform Clouds

Scattering processes in the atmosphere of a fast-rotating brown dwarf (BD) or self-luminous extrasolar giant planet (EGP) produce distinct polarimetric, in addition to spectrometric, signatures. An ability to unambiguously interpret these signals would improve our understanding of their atmospheric evolution, structure, and dynamics. To this end, we have incorporated molecular opacities to define the wavelength-dependent vertical structure of the atmosphere as a function of the internal energy, surface gravity, and metallicity of the BD. This allows us to use our recently developed semianalytic conics-based radiative transfer framework to generate realistic spectropolarimetric simulations. We have examined the simulated effects of the internal energy and surface gravity of BDs and of the grain size and atmospheric depth of clouds on polarized spectra in the J, H, and K near-infrared bands. We find that T-dwarf spectra can be fit more easily using cloudless atmospheres or high clouds, while fitting L-dwarf spectra requires an assumption of deep clouds. Polarimetry contains a wealth of information orthogonal to what can be obtained from photometry alone. However, under current limits of instrument sensitivity, the greatest benefits of polarimetry will apply to high clouds bearing small grains. Future work will examine the effect of gravitational darkening and disequilibrium chemistry on the spectropolarimetry of these BDs.
Ruin Probability Functions and Severity of Ruin as a Statistical Decision Problem

It is known that the classical ruin function under exponential claim-size distribution depends on two parameters, which are referred to as the mean claim size and the relative security loading. These parameters are assumed to be unknown and random, thus, a loss function that measures the loss sustained by a decision-maker who takes as valid a ruin function which is not correct can be considered. By using squared-error loss function and appropriate distribution function for these parameters, the issue of estimating the ruin function derives in a mixture procedure. Firstly, a bivariate distribution for mixing jointly the two parameters is considered, and second, different univariate distributions for mixing both parameters separately are examined. Consequently, a catalogue of ruin probability functions and severity of ruin, which are more flexible than the original one, are obtained. The methodology is also extended to the Pareto claim size distribution. Several numerical examples illustrate the performance of these functions.
Model-driven development and analysis of high assurance systems

Capturing, refining, and analyzing requirements are some of the most challenging tasks in building a software system. How well these tasks are performed significantly impacts the quality of the developed software system. The difficulty of these tasks is greatly exacerbated for the software of embedded systems, since these systems are commonly used for critical applications, have to operate reliably for long periods of time, and need to adhere to real-time constraints. In this dissertation, we introduce a modeling and analysis approach for centralized and distributed real-time embedded systems that supports the use of formal specifications and model checking. The approach comprises four main elements: First, we developed specification patterns for specifying real-time, properties to aid the developer in formally specifying critical real-time system properties. Second, to enhance the accessibility of the specification patterns, we developed natural language representation and specification capabilities for qualitative and real-time properties. Third, based on industrial project information, we developed object analysis patterns to facilitate the creation of UML analysis models of embedded systems. Fourth, we defined an iterative modeling and analysis process using incremental change and providing rapid feedback to construct the UML models. The process incorporates object analysis patterns to facilitate the creation of conceptual UML models and the natural language property specification approach to specify critical properties. In order to validate our approach, we applied it to the development of several embedded system descriptions obtained from industrial collaborators.
Inference for asymmetric exponentially weighted moving average models

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model in ‘Risk‐Metrics’ has been a benchmark for controlling and forecasting risks in financial operations. However, it is incapable of capturing the asymmetric volatility effect and the heavy‐tailed innovation, which are two important stylized features of financial returns. We propose a new asymmetric EWMA model driven by the Student's t‐distributed innovations to take these two stylized features into account and study its maximum likelihood estimation and model diagnostic checking. The finite‐sample performance of the estimation and diagnostic test statistic is examined by the simulated data.
Sistema de monitoreo de ritmo cardíaco y velocidad de onda de pulso usando sensores piezoeléctricos con aplicación a dispositivos Android

En el presente trabajo se realizo un sistema de medicion no invasivo e inalambrico de velocidad de onda de pulso (PWV) y pulso cardiaco mediante el uso del sensor piezoelectrico SDT1-028K, la senal se adquirio con la tarjeta USB-6009 de National Instruments y en el software LabVIEW se realizo un algoritmo para el calculo de la PWV y del pulso cardiaco a traves de la medicion simultanea del pulso radial y carotideo; posteriormente los valores calculados y procesados fueron enviados a traves de comunicacion serial a un modulo de comunicacion Bluetooth (utilizando una tarjeta Arduino UNO como “puente” para enviar datos seriales entre dicho modulo y la computadora) y posteriormente enviarlos a dispositivos con sistema operativo Android y por medio de una aplicacion en el software MIT App Inventor 2 visualizar los valores de la PWV y del pulso cardiaco y que a su vez notificara si existia riesgo de padecimiento de rigidez aortica o de las arritmias cardiacas taquicardia y bradicardia. El calculo de la PWV se realizo en base al calculo de la distancia entre ambas arterias y el retraso de tiempo entre ambas senales, dando como resultado valores entre 9 y 12 m/s.
Analysing directed network data

The topology of undirected biological networks, such as protein-protein interaction networks, or genetic interaction networks, has been extensively explored in search of new biological knowledge. Graphlets, small connected non-isomorphic induced sub-graphs of an undirected network, have been particularly useful in computational network biology. Having in mind that a significant portion of biological networks, such as metabolic networks or transcriptional regulatory networks, are directed by nature, we define all up to four node directed graphlets and orbits and implement the directed graphlet and graphlet orbits counting algorithm. We generalise all existing graphlet based measures to the directed case, defining: relative directed graphlet frequency distance, directed graphlet degree distribution similarity, directed graphlet degree vector similarity, and directed graphlet correlation distance. We apply new topological measures to metabolic networks and show that the topology of directed biological networks is correlated with biological function. Finally, we look for topology–function relationships in metabolic networks that are conserved across different species.