Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat hotspots of common and rare tropical species along climatic and edaphic gradients

Understanding coexistence in high biodiversity ecosystems requires knowledge of how rare and common species share the multidimensional environmental space. Climatic and edaphic conditions can provide a plethora of habitats, supporting different compositional and structural communities where species can adapt and differentiate. We used a large data set consisting of 580 tropical tree species sampled in 163 25 × 25 m quadrats along an altitudinal gradient covering an area of 160 km2 of tropical rain forest in Jianfengling reserve (Hainan Island, China). For each plot, the data include tree species and abundance, altitude and six soil properties from which a two dimensional environmental space was constructed. With this extensive data set, we tested the hypothesis that different combination of environmental factors can generate multiple hotspots on three axes of diversity: species richness, Shannon‐equivalent species richness and habitat preference, a measure of evenness in the distribution of individuals across an environmental gradient. We found that humid and cool areas with more nitrogen availability were occupied by richer and more diverse communities of wide range species. Rare (in terms of number of individuals) and range‐restricted species instead, tended to prefer minor habitats, generally warmer with high potassium, calcium, magnesium and, in particular, phosphorous. As a result, wide and range‐restricted species were segregated across the environmental space. Synthesis. Our findings indicate rare species tend to occur more frequently where common species are less abundant. A clear pattern of species richness and diversity was driven by a combination of several environmental factors (soil properties and climate). The complexity of the environment not only explains the different species distribution along each habitat, but also determines the relative abundance of each species in the entire community. Although some habitats have low species richness and diversity, they are highly preferred by rare species; therefore, biodiversity conservation efforts should consider protecting these fragile ecosystems.
Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation Using Arbitrary Arrays for Massive MIMO Systems

With the quick advancement of wireless communication networks, the need for massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) to offer adequate network capacity has turned out to be apparent. As a portion of array signal processing, direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is of indispensable significance to acquire directional data of sources and to empower the 3D beamforming. In this paper, the performance of DOA estimation for massive MIMO systems is analyzed and compared using a low-complexity algorithm. To be exact, the 2D Fourier domain line search (FDLS) MUSIC algorithm is studied to mutually estimate elevation and azimuth angle, and arbitrary array geometry is utilized to represent massive MIMO systems. To avoid the computational burden in estimating the data covariance matrix and its eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) due to the large-scale sensors involved in massive MIMO systems, the reduced-dimension data matrix is applied on the signals received by the array. The performance is examined and contrasted with the 2D MUSIC algorithm for different types of antenna configuration. Finally, the array resolution is selected to investigate the performance of elevation and azimuth estimation. The effectiveness and advantage of the proposed technique have been proven by detailed simulations for different types of MIMO array configuration.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHYL GALLATE ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF Toona sureni

An antioxidant compound has been isolated from the leaves of Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. The structure was determined to be methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate), based on UV-vis, FTIR, NMR and MS spectra. The isolated compound exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, with IC50 value 1.02 μg/mL.
Imprint of eddies on surface chlorophyll in the South Indian Ocean

A unique feature of the subtropical South Indian Ocean is the existence of anticyclonic eddies that have higher chlorophyll concentrations than cyclonic eddies. Off Western Australia, this anomalous behavior is related to the seeding of anticyclonic eddies with shelf water enriched in phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. Further off-shore, two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the eddy/chlorophyll relationship: (i) eddies originating from the Australian coast maintain their chlorophyll anomaly while propagating westward; and (ii) eddy-induced Ekman upwelling (downwelling) enhances (dampens) nutrient supply in anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. Here we describe the relationship between eddies and surface chlorophyll within the South Indian Ocean, and discuss possible mechanisms to explain the anomalous behavior in light of new analyses performed using satellite chlorophyll data. We show that anticyclonic eddies exhibit higher surface chlorophyll concentration than cyclonic eddies across the entire South Indian Ocean basin (from 20 to 28 S), particularly in winter. Using Self Organizing Maps we analyze the chlorophyll patterns within anticyclonic eddies and cyclonic eddies and highlight their complexity. Our analysis suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie the observed eddy/chlorophyll relationship. Based on Argo float data, we postulate the relationship may be partly related to seasonal adjustment of the mixed layer depth within eddies. Deeper mixing in anticyclonic eddies is expected to enhance nutrient supply to the mixed layer, while shallower mixing in cyclonic eddies is expected to reduce it. This could explain why the observed winter surface chlorophyll bloom is stronger in anticyclonic eddies than in cyclonic eddies.
Verbal Communications Related to Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Relationships in Facebook Users

This study generalized the verbal communications of college students who use Facebook to contact friends and identified the detailed content of the verbal communications that predict interpersonal relationships in real life. Initially, 300 Taiwan college students were interviewed about their Facebook use, and verbal communications were divided into six categories. Two verbal communications were classified as verbal actions with self-disclosure due to their reference to personal thoughts, feelings and emotions: “sharing personal experiences”, and “disclosing private emotions”. The remaining four were classified as verbal actions with non-self-disclosure. Afterward, by developing the questionnaire items for verbal communications and interpersonal relationships, the study conducted a validated survey of 477 Taiwanese college students during April, 2013 to June, 2013. The study shows that students use verbal actions for non-self-disclosure more frequently than for self-disclosure when using Facebook to contact friends. Another finding is that “giving emotional encouragements” and “delivering public information” are the predictors of positive interpersonal relationships. The study contributes to the literature by specifically showing that, compared to interpersonal relationships only impacted by emotional verbal communications, verbal communications related to psychological needs or useful and delivery of original information on Facebook, enhance interpersonal relationships.
Stress Concentration of Rectangular Plate with a Hole Made With Composite Material Using Finite Element Analysis

A rectangular plate with a central hole have initiate extensive practical applications in different fields of engineering such as aerospace, marine, automobile and mechanical and is well-known to most engineers. High stress due to discontinuity or abrupt change in geometry is known as stress concentration and is mostly set up at the edges of discontinuity. A stress concentration is typically introduced in plates in the form of circular holes. For the design of plate with a hole, proper knowledge of stresses and stress concentration factor (SCF) at the edge of hole under in plane loading are essential. In this project an attempt is made to review the investigations that have been made on the "stress analysis of a rectangular plate with circular hole". Finite Element simulations using Ansys have been done for stress analysis around the circular hole, made up of different materials. The materials considered are composite material i.e carbon / epoxy and also with mild steel.
JET ICRF antennas coupling on extreme plasma shapes

MPI-IPP – Euratom Association – Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany 2 UKAEA – Euratom Association – Culham Science Center, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK CEA Cadarache – Euratom Association – Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France 4 LPP-ERM/KMS – Euratom Association TEC – Brussels, B-10000, Belgium 5 Gent University, EESA Department – Gent, Belgium 6 EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany See annex J. Pamela et al. 2003 19 IAEA Fusion Energy Conf. Conf. (Lyon, 2002)
Mirror Symmetry and the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow conjecture

This survey was written for the Current Developments in Mathematics conference, 2012, and is an updating of my article "The Strominger-Yau-Zaslow conjecture: From torus fibrations to degenerations," in the Seattle 2005 proceedings. We trace progress and thinking about the SYZ conjecture since its introduction in 1996. We begin with the original differential geometric conjecture and its refinements, and explain how it led to the algebro-geometric program developed by myself and Siebert. After explaining the overall philosophy, I explain how recent results fit into this program.
Flora and fauna associated with prairie dog colonies and adjacent ungrazed mixed-grass prairie in western South Dakota.

Vegetation, small rodents, and birds were sampled during the growing seasons of 2 years on prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies and adjacent mixed-grass prairie in western South Dakota. Prairie dog grazing decreased mulch cover, maximum height of vegetation, plant species richness, and tended to decrease live plant canopy cover compared to that on ungrazed mixed-grass prairie. Buffalograss @~~&educry~of&s) was the dominant plant on prairie dog towns and western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) and blue grama (Boutelouugrucilis) were most common on mixedgrass prairie sites. Prairie dog towns supported greater densities of small rodents but significantly fewer species compared to undisturbed mixed-grass sites. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) were more abundant on prairie dog towns than on undisturbed mixedgrass sites. Density and species richness of birds were significantly greater on prairie dog towns. Horned larks (Eremophila a&es&i@ were most common on prairie dog towns, whereas western meadowhuks (Sturneihz neglecta) were most common on mixed-grass prairie.
Category Effects of Vocabulary Presentation in L2 Vocabulary Acquisition in Novice Learners

ii List of Tables . iv List of Abbreviations . v Chapter 1 Semantic Clustering . 1 Theoretical foundation . 1 Evidence . 2 Chapter 2 Phonological Clustering . 18 Theoretical foundation . 18 Evidence . 19 Chapter 3 Methodology . 25 Chapter 4 Results . 29 References . 38 Appendix 1 Word categories . 52 Appendix 2 Background Questionnaire . 53 Appendix 3 Post-experiment questionnaire . 55
TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER FOR IMPINGING JET FLOWING INSIDE A CYLINDRICAL HOT CAVITY

Convective heat transfer from an isothermal hot cylindrical cavity due to a turbulent round jet impingement is investigated numerically. Three-dimensional turbulent flow is considered in this work. The Reynolds stress second order turbulence model with wall standard treatment is used for the turbulence predictions the problem parameters are the jet exit Reynolds number, ranging from 2·10 4 to 10 5 and the normalized impinging distance to the cavity bottom and the jet exit Lf, ranging from 4 to 35. The computed flow patterns and isotherms for various combinations of these parameters are analyzed in order to understand the effect of the cavity confinement on the heat transfer phenomena. The flow in the cavity is divided into three parts, the area of free jet, and the area of the jet interaction with the reverse flow and the semi-quiescent flow in the region of the cavity bottom. The distribution of the local and mean Nusselt numbers along the cavity walls for above combinations of the flow parameters are detailed. Results are compared against to corresponding cases for impinging jet on a plate for the case of the bottom wall. The analysis reveals that the average Nusselt number increases considerably with the jet exit Reynolds number. Finally, it was found that the average Nusselt number at the stagnation point could be correlated by a relationship in the form Nu = f(Lf, Re).
Design of an On-Chip Micro-Scale Nanoassembly System | NIST

A microscale nanoassembly system has been designed for the fabrication of nanodevices and in situ electromechanical characterisation of nanostructures. This system consists of four Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)-based nanomanipulators positioned around a centrally located port for introducing nanostructure samples. Each nanomanipulator is composed of an XYZ nanopositioning mechanism with an attached nanoprobe for interacting with the nanostructures. By simultaneously controlling the position of each of these nanoprobes, they can be used to cooperatively assemble complex structures. The static and dynamic motion characteristics of a prototype nanomanipulator have been measured, providing a non-linear calibration of the quasi-static input? output behaviour, as well as values for the system bandwidth and structural natural frequencies. Important operational issues including proposed manipulation schemes, precision motion control and integration with a Scanning Electron Microscope/Focused Ion Beam (SEM/.
Entomophagy: A Viable Opportunity for Food Security

In the world about 795 million people of the 7.3 billion people, which accounts one in nine, were suffering from chronic undernourishment by 2016, mostly belongs to developing countries (FAO, 2015). The world population reaches above 9 billion by the 2050, feeding this growing world population with decreasing arable land for cultivation under the pressure of climate change scenario predictably increases the pressure on already inadequate resources such as land, water energy and fertilizers, which leads to deforestation and environmental degradation and increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Hence, we need to think the alternate food sources and pattern of food consumption, which can combat with problems such world hunger and global climate change (Sachs, 2010). FAO emphasizing the entomophagy i.e., insects as food to overcome the above said problems because eating insects offers several opportunities over the others such as nutritional, environmental, social and economic benefits.
4.5.1 Multivariable MHz and GHz Wireless Chem/Bio Sensors for Environmental, Industrial, and Security Applications

To improve selectivity of existing sensors and sensor arrays, we developed a concept of multivariable resonant sensing. Here we demonstrate its performance on several types of transducers in their wireless implementations. These transducers include inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and split ring resonator (SRR) devices. Our individual sensors demonstrate part-per-billion and part-per-trillion detection limits and successfully compete in their selectivity with sensor arrays.
PSR J0609+2130: a disrupted binary pulsar?

We report the discovery and initial timing observations of a 55.7-ms pulsar, J0609+2130, found during a 430-MHz drift-scan survey with the Arecibo radio telescope. With a spin-down rate of 3.1 x 10 -19 s s -1 and an inferred surface dipole magnetic field of only 4.2 x 10 9 G, J0609+2130 has very similar spin parameters to the isolated pulsar J2235+1506 found by Camilo, Nice & Taylor. While the origin of these weakly magnetized isolated neutron stars is not fully understood, one intriguing possibility is that they are the remains of high-mass X-ray binary systems which were disrupted by the supernova explosion of the secondary star.
A Compendium for Prediction of Success of a Movie Based Upon Different Factors

The success of a movie is uncertain but it is no secret that it is dependent to a large extent upon the level of promotion and also upon the ratings received by the major movie critics. Time and money are valuable to the general audience and hence, they refer to the leading critics when making a decision about whether to watch a particular movie or not. Over 1000 movies on an average are produced per year. Therefore, in order to make the movie profitable, it becomes a matter of concern that the movie succeeds. Due to the low success rate, models and mechanisms to predict reliably the ranking and or box office collections of a movie can risk the business significantly. The current predictive models that are available are based on various factors for assessment of the movie. These include the typical factors such as cast, producer, director etc. or the social factors in form of response of the society on various online platforms. Various stakeholders such as actors, financiers, directors etc. can use these predictions to make more informed decisions.
Sequential Bayesian inference for implicit hidden Markov models and current limitations

Hidden Markov models can describe time series arising in various fields of science, by treating the data as noisy measurements of an arbitrarily complex Markov process. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods have become standard tools to estimate the hidden Markov process given the observations and a fixed parameter value. We review some of the recent developments allowing the inclusion of parameter uncertainty as well as model uncertainty. The shortcomings of the currently available methodology are emphasised from an algorithmic complexity perspective. The statistical objects of interest for time series analysis are illustrated on a toy "Lotka-Volterra" model used in population ecology. Some open challenges are discussed regarding the scalability of the reviewed methodology to longer time series, higher-dimensional state spaces and more flexible models.
Multi-word Prediction for Legal English Context: A Study of Abbreviated Codes for Legal English Text Production

Here, we investigate using strings of expressions longer than a single orthographic word in English word prediction in the legal English domain. The goal of the kind of prediction strategy, called multi-word prediction, is to speed up performance of humans in text production by means of word prediction. Accuracy of two prediction techniques was preliminarily estimated on a simulation without using human subjects with the lexicon of 7,009 multi-word units of legal English. The results show that the average of 70% of characters can be saved for the units in the lexicon in the best-case performance. An improvement in performance actually gained with a real text mainly depends on length and token frequency of units predicted. We also show how the length of multiword units predicted appear to be related to the code lengths used in their prediction and how this finding can be utilized to practical advantage in multi-word prediction.
Using biological samples in epidemiological research on drugs of abuse

Blood, oral fluid (saliva), urine and hair are the most commonly used biological matrices for drug testing in epidemiological drug research. Other biological matrices may also be used for selected purposes. Blood reflects recent drug intake and may be used to assess impairment. Oral fluid reflects drug presence in blood and thereby also recent intake, but drug concentrations in this matrix cannot be used to accurately estimate concentrations in blood. Urine reflects drug use during the last few days and in some cases for a longer period, but does not indicate the dose size or frequency of use. Hair reflects drug use during several months, but is a poor matrix for detecting use of cannabis. If using a single drug dose, this can be detected in blood and urine if the sample is taken within the detection timeframes, in most cases also in oral fluid. Single drug use is most often insufficient for producing a positive test result in a sample of hair. For cocaine and amphetamine, weekly use may be needed, while for cannabis a positive result is not guaranteed even after daily use. Refusal rates are lowest for oral fluid and highest for blood and hair samples. The analytical costs are lowest for urine and highest for hair. Combined use of questionnaires/interviews and drug testing detects more drug use than when using only one of those methods and is therefore expected to give more accurate data.
Effects of currents on super‐ and sub‐harmonic waves in a two‐fluid system

Effects of currents on wave motions in a two‐fluid system are theoretically studied in this paper. Since super‐ and sub‐harmonic waves are naturally generated by the interaction of arbitrary linear waves, it is of theoretical and practical interest to investigate the influence of pure currents not only on linear waves, but also on second‐order waves. Solutions are derived using the perturbation technique. Solutions of internal Stokes waves recovered from present solutions are firstly discussed. Analyses of the super‐ and sub‐harmonic interactions are carried out for the deep‐ and shallow‐water configurations, respectively. Conditions resulting in the elimination of second‐order waves are determined. Present solutions include and unify most existing theories for the two‐ and single‐fluid systems, and are of great importance to the analysis of random internal waves.