Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable amplification of synaptic input to cat spinal motoneurones by dendritic persistent inward current

Electrophysiological and computational evidence indicate that the excitatory current from the synapses on the somato‐dendritic membrane is not large enough to drive the motoneurones to the firing frequencies actually attained under normal motor activity. It has been proposed that this paradox could be explained if the voltage‐dependent persistent inward currents (PICs) present in the dendrites of motoneurones served to amplify synaptic excitation. We report here that dendritic PICs cause a large amplification of synaptic excitation, and that this amplification is enhanced when the background firing by current injection is increased. Moreover the frequency reduction by synaptic inhibition is greatly enhanced at higher firing frequencies, when the current through the recording electrode has activated the dendritic PICs, as is the case when the current‐to‐frequency slope suddenly becomes steeper. We also demonstrate that synaptic inhibition is several times more effective in reducing the firing caused by synaptic excitation than firing evoked by current injection through the recording microelectrode. That would be explained if motoneuronal discharge by synaptic excitation – but not by current injection in the soma – is always supported by dendritic PICs. We conclude that dendritic PICs contribute dynamically to the transformation of synaptic input into a motoneuronal frequency code.
Temporal Evolution of Weighted Signed Networks

User rating platforms enable us to collect data on user opinions and model users’ credibility and trustworthiness. However, malicious users give fraudulent ratings in order to artificially improve their own ratings, often for monetary gains. In this work we study the bitcoin-otc and bitcoin-alpha networks. These networks are modeled as directed weighted signed networks (WSNs) with users as nodes and time-stamped edges representing user trust ratings on the associated bitcoin exchanges. We investigate the temporal evolution of several network properties in these WSNs, especially fairness and goodness [1], with the goal of identifying fraudulent users.
Mechanistic Dissection of PARP1 Trapping and the Impact on In Vivo Tolerability and Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP1, -2, and -3) play important roles in DNA damage repair. As such, a number of PARP inhibitors are undergoing clinical development as anticancer therapies, particularly in tumors with DNA repair deficits and in combination with DNA-damaging agents. Preclinical evidence indicates that PARP inhibitors potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA alkylating agents. It has been proposed that a major mechanism underlying this activity is the allosteric trapping of PARP1 at DNA single-strand breaks during base excision repair; however, direct evidence of allostery has not been reported. Here the data reveal that veliparib, olaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib (BMN-673) potentiate the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents. Consistent with this, all four drugs possess PARP1 trapping activity. Using biochemical and cellular approaches, we directly probe the trapping mechanism for an allosteric component. These studies indicate that trapping is due to catalytic inhibition and not allostery. The potency of PARP inhibitors with respect to trapping and catalytic inhibition is linearly correlated in biochemical systems but is nonlinear in cells. High-content imaging of γH2Ax levels suggests that this is attributable to differential potentiation of DNA damage in cells. Trapping potency is inversely correlated with tolerability when PARP inhibitors are combined with temozolomide in mouse xenograft studies. As a result, PARP inhibitors with dramatically different trapping potencies elicit comparable in vivo efficacy at maximum tolerated doses. Finally, the impact of trapping on tolerability and efficacy is likely to be context specific. Implications: Understanding the context-specific relationships of trapping and catalytic inhibition with both tolerability and efficacy will aid in determining the suitability of a PARP inhibitor for inclusion in a particular clinical regimen. Mol Cancer Res; 13(11); 1465–77. ©2015 AACR.
El ordenamiento territorial a partir de la producción social del territorio. Caso de estudio: Parque de la 93.

El territorio, como una representacion de la sociedad, manifiesta relaciones poder y situaciones de confrontacion entre las clases sociales que lo habitan, consolidando escenarios funcionales a estas. A continuacion se analiza la forma en la que incide la produccion social del territorio en el ordenamiento territorial, en el caso de la transformacion del Parque de la 93. La ordenacion del territorio no surge de manera espontanea, sino que responde a unos intereses por localizar espacios de produccion y consumo para incidir directamente en el proceso de acumulacion de capital. Se utiliza el materialismo historico como la herramienta fundamental de analisis, pues este ubica la lucha de clases en el centro de la discusion, expresando la relacion entre los intereses de la clase dominante respecto a un territorio y las necesidades de ordenamiento territorial para construir espacios que propicien la acumulacion de capital.
Study on analyst optimism and individual stock price crash

This paper studies the relation between analyst optimism and individual stock price crash, and whether the conflict of interest affects the relation. Examining a comprehensive sample of listed companies between 2007 and 2012 in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share stock market in China, we provide strong evidence that analyst optimism is positively associated with stock price crash. Furthermore, we test the conflict of interest, results show that: when the company is going to refinance, or if the ratio of analysts from top 10 brokerage firms is high, the impact of analyst optimism on individual stock price crash is more pronounced. On the contrary, analyst reputation reduces the impact of analyst optimism on crash. This research provides a reasonable explanation of stock price crashes, and contributes to a comprehensive and objective understanding of analysts in the capital market in China.
Anemia and the Heart ematocrit and Left Ventricular Mass : he Framingham Heart Study

OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between hematocrit (Hct) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LV hypertrophy (LVH) in subjects without known hypertension or cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Heart study. BACKGROUND Anemia may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population. One potential explanation for this finding could be an association between Hct with LVMI or LVH. METHODS Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between Hct with LVMI and LVH. All analyses were stratified by gender and further according to menopausal status in women. RESULTS There were 1,376 men and 1,769 women who met the inclusion criteria. The mean Hct and LVMI were 46.5% and 41.9%, and 127.3 and 95.8 g/m, respectively, in men and women. After adjustment for confounders, each 3% lower Hct was associated with a 2.6 g/m higher mean LVMI in men, and a 1.8 g/m higher mean LVMI in postmenopausal women (p 0.05). There was a significant quadratic relationship between Hct and LVMI in premenopausal women (p 0.01). Subjects in the lowest quartile of Hct (compared with the rest of the sample) had an adjusted odds ratio of LVH of 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 3.0) in men and 1.4 (95% CI 0.8 to 2.4) in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS In a sample without known hypertension or cardiovascular disease, a lower Hct is associated with echocardiographically determined LVH in men and a small but significantly higher LVMI in men and postmenopausal women. The clinical importance of these findings remains unknown. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1276–82) © 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
Health care expenditures associated with depression in adults with cancer.

BACKGROUND The rates of depression in adults with cancer have been reported as high as 38%-58%. How depression affects overall health care expenditures in individuals with cancer is an under-researched area. OBJECTIVE To estimate excess average total health care expenditures associated with depression in adults with cancer by comparing those with and without depression after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, access to care, and other health status variables. METHODS Cross-sectional data on 4,766 adult survivors of cancer from 2006-2009 of the nationally representative household survey, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), were used. The patients were older than 21 years. Cancer and depression were identified from the patients' medical conditions files. Dependent variables consisted of total, inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, prescription drugs, and other expenditures. Ordinary least square (OLS) on logged dollars and generalized linear models with log-link function were performed. All analyses (SAS 9.3 and STATA12) accounted for the complex survey design of the MEPS. RESULTS Overall, 14% of individuals with cancer reported having depression. In those with cancer and depression, the average annual health care expenditures were $18,401 compared with $12,091 in those without depression. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, access to care, and other health status variables, those with depression had about 31.7% greater total expenditures compared with those without depression. Total, outpatient, and prescription expenditures were higher in individuals with depression than in those without depression. Individuals with cancer and depression were significantly more likely to use emergency departments (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46) compared with their counterparts without depression. LIMITATIONS Cancer patients who died during the reporting year were excluded. The financial burden of depression may have been underestimated because the costs of end-of-life care are high. The burden for each cancer type was not analyzed because of the small sample size. CONCLUSION In adults with cancer, those with depression had higher health care utilization and expenditures compared with those without depression. FUNDING/SPONSORSHIP One author was partially supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, U54GM104942.
Increased spacing between Sp1 and TATAA renders human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication defective: implication for Tat function

Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is strongly activated by Tat. The proper action of Tat requires three elements: TATAA, TAR, and upstream motifs in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. We show here that the correct spatial arrangement among Tat, Sp1, and TATAA crucially influences HIV expression. Under conditions in which basal promoter activity is unperturbed, distancing Sp1 from TATAA markedly affected Tat trans activation. An increase in the Sp1-TATAA distance from 18 to 101 nucleotides (depending on the inserted sequence) rendered HIV-1 either partially or wholly replication defective. This critical dependence on spacing suggests that Tat-, Sp1-, and TATAA-binding factors must correctly contact each other for optimal expression and replication of HIV-1.
Nutrition status and risk factors associated with length of hospital stay for surgical patients.

OBJECTIVE To diagnose the nutrition status of hospitalized patients and identify the risk factors associated with hospital length of stay (LOS). METHODS The subjective approach and the body mass index (BMI) were used to classify the nutrition status, and other indicators (anthropometry, biochemistry, and energy intake) were analyzed regarding their association with length of hospital stay of 350 patients. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare continuous measures. Linear association was verified using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Cox's regression model was used to investigate factors associated with LOS. RESULTS Disease was the factor that influenced LOS the most in the studied population. Longer LOS prevailed in males (P < .0001), patients aged ≥60 years (P = .0008), patients with neoplasms (P < .0001), patients who lost weight during their hospital stay (P < .0001), and malnourished patients (P = .0034). There was a negative and significant, but weak, correlation between LOS and nutrition indicators (calf circumference, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, arm fat area, lymphocyte count, and hemoglobin). Among adults, well-nourished patients were 3 times more likely to be discharged sooner (P = .0002, RR = 3.3 [1.7-6.2]) than those who had some degree of malnutrition. Well-nourished patients with digestive tract diseases (DTD) were also discharged sooner than malnourished patients with the same condition (P = .02, RR = 2.5 [1.1-5.8]). In patients with neoplasms, arm circumference was an independent risk factor to assess LOS (P = .009, RR = 1.1 [1.0-1.1]). CONCLUSIONS LOS was associated with disease and nutrition status. Among the more common diseases, nutrition status according to the subjective approach determined the LOS for patients with DTD and nutrition status according to arm circumference determined the LOS for patients with neoplasms.
Ein generisches System zur automatischen Detektion, Verfolgung und Wiedererkennung von Personen in Videodaten

An important area in computer vision is the person-centered video analysis. Applications cover many areas of today’s life like driver assistance, human-machine-interaction, threat assessment in military context and specifically visual surveillance. The basis of this person-centered analysis is person detection and tracking in video data. This is a precondition for all subsequent analysis or interpretation approaches. Moreover, person reidentification is a substantial component of many applications. Such a reidentification of persons is necessary in cases where a long time period or a large spatial area is considered. In these cases, connections between the occurrences of people that are not directly temporally or spatially connected are to be established. A typical example of this is the surveillance of large public spaces like airports where multiple networked cameras are utilised and a long time period is relevant. Due to the diversity of application areas for person detection, tracking, and reidentification, it is desirable to develop a generic system that is most independent of certain aspects of application scenarios and thus universally applicable. In this work, such a system for person detection, tracking and reidentification is introduced. This system is generic regarding different aspects. The system is independent of the application scenario, meaning that no assumptions on the application environment are made. For instance, it is not assumed that the scene background is known or other information regarding the scene is available. It is also not assumed that the recording sensor is stationary, which means the system introduced in this work is applicable in the case of a moving camera. Equally, the system is not limited to certain object classes since no object class specific knowledge other than a set of training samples is used. In addition, the system is mostly independent of the used sensor since no other than the intensity-gradient based local features are used. Thus, the overall system is applicable in the visible and the infrared spectral range since no features like color or depth are employed. The system generality is specifically accomplished by the exclusive use of the Implicit Shape Model approach and local image features for all three system levels, whereby the levels are closely connected and merge in an integrated approach. For person tracking, an extension of the Implicit Shape Model, which combines bottom-up tracking-by-detection with top-down model-based strategies, is introduced. By that, a stabilisation of person detection and automatic tracking through short-term occlusion is accomplished. Likewise, separate steps and heuristics for data association, i.e the association of object hypotheses over time, and model update become redundant. During person tracking, an Implicit Shape Model based identity model, that is used for person reidentification, is established. By that tight coupling of all levels from detection to reidentification, the system is independently applicable under real conditions.
Semantic Message Link Based Service Set Mining for Service Composition

Service mining plays an important role in service composition. This paper mainly studied the problem of mining service set which are often involved in composite service. First, soap header modifying technique for extending service log collecting abilities and the method of generating service interaction semantic message link of composite service were introduced. Second, hypergraph-based matrix representation for service interaction relationship link of composite service was presented, and based on this, a service set mining algorithm for service composition was put forward. Finally, an experiment was given to show the effectiveness of the mining algorithm.
Curtir mais, Pagar menos – Adoção às Compras Coletivas pelo Consumidor Final

Com o objetivo de identificar os fatores que levam o cidadao a intencao de utilizar sites de compra coletiva, foi realizado um survey com 224 cidadaos na cidade de Sao Paulo, empregando como base as variaveis de modelos de adocao tecnologica existentes na literatura. A tecnica de analise empregada consistiu no uso de modelagem por equacoes estruturais. Os resultados demonstraram que o Habito e o principal fator de influencia, seguido da Percepcao de Seguranca, Beneficio Percebido e Influencia Social. A pesquisa apresenta contribuicoes academicas e para o mercado. Em termos academicos, apresentou elevados valores preditivos para uma nova modalidade de negocios. Para o mercado, os resultados podem auxiliar os gestores a conhecer melhor os principais pontos a considerar para que os clientes tenham a intencao e efetivamente utilizem as promocoes das compras coletivas, mitigando eventuais problemas de adocao com um maior entendimento sobre seus clientes.
Overlapping Pulse Trains

An event happens the first time several periodic pulse trains all overlap (are all ¿on¿) simultaneously. Assuming that all pulse trains are randomly located with respect to each other, it is argued that the time required is approximately an exponential random variable. A formula for the mean of this time and the results of some tests by computer simulation are given.
‘See What I See’ sharing the cognition with an intelligent machine

Novel Human-Machine Interface is proposed to control a robot with the challenges, which has a minimum order but a maximum function. Self-organizing intrinsic object (SIO) system on a robot is designed by the combination of a pointing device such as gaze-tracking or finger-pointing and self-organizing incremental neural network (SOINN). Started by following the most updated technological sophistication, gaze tracking is applied to obtain a human point of regard through 2 cameras; first camera for detecting iris center and a second camera to exhibit human view. The system provide 1.62° of accuracy and 1.27 of precision. This paper describes the principle “See What I See”, object ordering system and a trial development of a robot.
A Hybrid Neural Network Approach for Batch Fermentation Simulation

The paper aims the simulation of a batch fermentation process. This phenomenon is very complex and challenging to monitor. To achieve this purpose, a hybrid neural network model is presented. Data used to derive and validate the model was obtained from experiments. The neural network whose architecture is combined to differential equations has shown good ability to simulate the batch fermentation process with predictive error less than 0.030.
Diagnostic accuracy, tympanocentesis training performance, and antibiotic selection by pediatric residents in management of otitis media.

OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of pediatric residents in recognizing the physical examination findings of acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME), technical competence to perform tympanocentesis, and knowledge of guideline-recommended antibiotic management of AOM. METHODS A total of 383 pediatric residents from various programs in the United States viewed 9 different video-recorded pneumatic otoscopic examinations of tympanic membranes during a continuing medical education course. The ability to differentiate AOM, OME, and normal was ascertained. A mannequin of a child was used to assess technical proficiency of performing tympanocentesis on artificial tympanic membranes. A series of questions was posed regarding appropriate, pathogen-directed, second-line antibiotic selection for AOM. RESULTS The average +/- standard deviation correct diagnosis on the otoscopic video examination was 41% +/- 16% (range: 19%-70%; median: 38%) by pediatric residents, tympanocentesis was optimally performed by 89%, and appropriate antibiotic therapy for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was selected by 78% and appropriate therapy for beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae was selected by 74%. CONCLUSIONS According to this video-based examination, pediatric residents misdiagnose OME frequently. Pediatric residents have the skills to be trained to perform tympanocentesis. Approximately 75% of pediatric residents have knowledge of the appropriate antibiotics to select for treatment of resistant AOM pathogens. Interactive instruction with simulation technology may enhance skills and lead to improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment paradigms.
Antropónimos en el español de la ciudad de México. Tradición y novedad

La abundancia de lapidas con nombres de Elios y Elianos en su pueblo natal, la antigua Nebrissa Veneria, movio el animo de Antonio de Nebrija para que anadiera a su nombre de pila el prenomen Aelius, que le recordaria en lo futuro ese rasgo tan singular del pueblo donde transcurrio su infancia. Esta decision ejemplifica, como un caso entre miles, que la imposicion de un nombre personal, asi como su posterior modificacion, parcial o total, dependen de una amplia variedad de factores que oscilan desde el capricho hasta los motivos religiosos o pollticos1, todos ellos circunscritos a un tiempo y a un lugar.