Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Report of Hop stunt viroid and Citrus exocortis viroid on Fig with Symptoms of Fig Mosaic Disease

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the detection of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) in nucleic acid extracts of infected fig leaf tissues. RT-PCR results were confirmed by cDNA sequencing. This is the first report of CEVd and HSVd infecting fig in Tunisia. Alignments and phylogenetic analysis classify the HSVd Tunisian isolates in the plum-type group. CEVd Tunisian isolates are very closely related to the CEVd tomato hybrid callus isolate and to CEVd Gynura isolate from the USA.
DNA bending and binding factors of the human β-actin promoter

Transcription of the {beta}-actin gene is rapidly inducible in response to serum stimulation. To determine the regions responsible for serum inducible and basal level expression, the human {beta}-actin promoter was subjected to mutational analysis. Two distinct elements, the CCAAT homology and the {beta}-actin specific conserved sequences, were found by a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression assay and sequence comparisons, and then analyzed for possible functions. Using a DNA bend assay, it was shown that the conserved sequences included the core of a sequence-directed bend of DNA. Gel mobility shift and DNase I protection assays revealed that the conserved sequences and the CCAAT homology were recognized by binding factors in HeLa cell extracts.
Blue-white veil pattern in dermoscopy: Not just in melanoma but what else?

www.turkderm. org.tr ©Copyright 2020 by Turkish Society of Dermatology and Venereology Turkderm Turkish Archives of Dermatology and Venereology published by Galenos Yayınevi. Address for Correspondence/Yazışma Adresi: Meltem Uslu MD, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aydın, Turkey Phone: +90 505 681 59 64 E-mail: meltemozdogan@msn.com Received/Geliş Tarihi: 24.03. 2020 Accepted/Kabul Tarihi: 28.03. 2020 ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-0812 Introduction
Groundfish Exploitation Rates Based on Life History Parameters

The problem considered is how to choose a fixed exploitation rate that will provide a high yield at low risk, when the investigator has no knowledge of the yield curve or the spawner–recruit relationship of the stock. Commonly employed expedients are F0.1 and F = M, but these have little empirical or theoretical support. Calculations made with a range of life history parameter values typical of demersal fish and a range of realistic spawner-recruit relationships show that yield will be at least 75% of maximum sustainable yield so long as the spawning biomass is maintained in the range of about 20–60% of the unfished level, regardless of the form of the spawner–recruit relationship. A relative spawning biomass in this range can be achieved by choosing a fishing mortality rate that will reduce the spawning biomass per recruit to about 35% of the unfished level. This is the level of fishing mortality that maximizes the minimum yield among all of the spawner–recruit relationships considered ("maximin yield" r.
Nuclear Behavior of Euplotes woodruffi During Conjugation

SYNOPSIS. During conjugation of E. woodruffi, the micro-nucleus divides repeatedly four times prior to synkaryon formation and twice thereafter. The first division resembles an ordinary somatic mitosis, resulting in the formation of two daughter nuclei in each conjugant. Both products of this division enter the second division which corresponds to the heterotypic division of other ciliates, characterized by a parachute stage. Following this stage sixteen bivalents appear and separate into dyads and pass to the poles. During the following divisions individualized chromosomes do not appear but only certain chromatin elements comparable to those seen in the somatic and preliminary divisions. These divide and pass to the poles. All daughter nuclei of the second division enter and complete the third division. Only two of the products of the third division enter the final pregamic division while the rest degenerate. Exchange of pronuclei and their fusion leads to synkaryon formation. The conjugants then separate and in each exconjugant the synkaryon divides twice in rapid succession. Of the four products one condenses to become the functional micronucleus, another enlarges rapidly to become the macronuclear anlage while the remaining two degenerate and disintegrate. The old macronucleus breaks into irregular and polymorphic bodies. As the macronuclear anlage enlarges the remnants of the old macronucleus reorganize and fuse with the macronuclear anlage to form a characteristic vegetative macronucleus.
Spectral patterns of the iridescence in the males of Sapphirina (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida)

Spectral reflectivity and transmission of the iridescent cuticle of six species of male Sapphirina (Poecilostomatoida: Copepoda) were measured by microspectrophotometry. Sapphirina angusta and S. opalina showed two spectral peaks of reflection, one at about 420 nm and the other at wavelengths longer than 750 nm. Sapphirina auronitens and S. gastrica had dominant peaks at wavelengths longer than 500 nm. Sapphirina ovatolanceolata had peaks between 430 and 600 nm, while S. metallina had various peaks along a wide range of wavelengths. The peaks at the longer wavelength in S. angusta and S. opalina may be related to the red pigments in the subcuticular layer of the species, or a result of a second-order effect of the multilayer system. The spectra of transmitted light were complementary to those of reflected light, indicating that the iridescence is caused by the interference of light by the integumental multilayer structure. The present results are also consistent with the hypothesis that the iridescence has a role in increasing the contrast of males against the ambient light conditions in the daytime distributional depth of the species.
Genetic Evaluation and Calculating Daughter Yield Deviation of Bulls in Iranian Holstein Cattle for Milk and Fat Yields

This study was aimed at a genetic evaluation of Iranian Holstein cattle for milk and fat yields and calculating daughter yield deviation (DYD) of bulls. The data file that was used in this research included 367,943 first three lactation records of 186,064 Holstein cows which calved between 1983 and 2006 in 11,806 herd-year-season groups. The model included herd-year-season of calving and age at calving as fixed effects and animal and permanent environment as random effects. Mean breeding values of cows for each year were regressed on birth year to estimate genetic trends. Genetic trends in milk and fat yields were greater for cows born after 1997 (59.38 kg/yr and 1.11 kg/yr for milk yield and fat yield, respectively). Animal evaluations were partitioned into contribution from parent average, yield deviation (YD) and progeny. DYD of bulls was calculated as described by VanRaden and Wiggans (1991). DYD provides an indication of the performance of the daughters of a bull without consideration of his parents or sons. Variance of bull DYD was greater than variance of their predicted transmitting ability (PTA). Correlation of bull DYD and PTA was dependent on the number of daughters and when this increased, the correlation of DYD and PTA was increased. Also as lactation number of daughters increased, the correlation of bull DYD and PTA was increased.
Effect of Awn Suppression on Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits in Hard Red Winter Wheat

Producers in the southern Great Plains who utilize wheat for grain, hay, or late-season grazing would benefit from awnless hard red winter (HRW) wheat cultivars if yield potential is maintained relative to awned cultivars. The influence of awn suppression in contemporary cultivars in the southern Great Plains is unknown. Our objective was to determine the genetic effect of awn suppression on grain yield and agronomic traits measured in several HRW backgrounds and Oklahoma production environments [. ]
Broad Phonetic Classification of ASR using Visual Based Features

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method of classifying speech phonemes. Four hybrid techniques based on the acoustic-phonetic approach and pattern recognition approach are used to emphasize the principle idea of this research. The first hybrid model is constructed of fixed state, structured Hidden Markov Model, Gaussian Mixture, Mel scaled Best Tree Image, Convolution Neural network, Vector Quantization (FS-HMM-GM-MBTI-CNN-VQ). The second hybrid model is constructed of variable state, dynamically structured Hidden Markov Model, Gaussian Mixture, Mel scaled Best Tree Image, Convolution Neural network, Vector Quantization (VS-HMM-GM-MBTI-CNN-VQ). The third hybrid model is constructed of fixed state, structured Hidden Markov Model, Gaussian Mixture, Mel scaled Best Tree Image, Convolution Neural network (FS-HMM-GM-MBTI-CNN). The fourth hybrid model is constructed of variable state, dynamically structured Hidden Markov Model, Gaussian Mixture, Mel scaled Best Tree Image, Convolution Neural network (VS-HMM-GM-MBTI-CNN). TIMIT database is used in this paper. All phones are classified into five classes and segregated into Vowels, Plosives, Fricatives, Nasals, and Silences. The results show that using (VS-HMM-GM-MBTI-CNN-VQ) is an available method for classification of phonemes, with the potential for use in applications such as automatic speech recognition and automatic language identification. Competitive results are achieved especially in nasals, plosives, and silence high successive rates than others.
Population Genetic Structure of Acanthoscelides obtectus and A. obvelatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from Wild and Cultivated Phaseolus spp. (Leguminosae)

Abstract Allozyme electrophoresis was conducted on Acanthoscelides obtectus Say and A. obvelatus Bridwell collected from seeds of wild and cultivated populations of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. coccineus L. from Mexico to test for evidence of host-related and regional genetic differentiation. In total, five enzymes representing six different loci were resolved for the two beetle species. Significant genetic differentiation was found at the regional level for A. obtectus, but not among populations within regions or between hosts. In A. obvelatus, differentiation was not significant. Gene flow values were high among insect populations within regions despite their association with different wild and cultivated species and subspecies of beans. Populations belonging to the same region cluster together in a unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average dendrogram, based on Nei’s unbiased genetic distances. A comparison of average expected heterozygosities revealed that A. obtectus had significantly higher levels of genetic variation than A. obvelatus, which may be explained by differences in life history traits and the geographic ranges of the two bruchids.
Recuperação e classificação de sentimentos de usuários do Twitter em período eleitoral

Introducao: A redes sociais tornaram-se um espaco importante para usuarios expressares seus sentimentos. Esses comentarios sao valiosos para governantes saberem o ponto de vista dos cidadaos sobre as suas propostas politicas e candidatos perceberem a reacao dos eleitores a respeito da campanha eleitoral. Objetivos: Analisar os sentimentos expressos pelos usuarios no Twitter, referentes aos candidatos que concorreram a presidencia do Brasil no ano de 2018, e predizer o resultado das eleicoes com base nessas postagens. Metodologia : Os posts sobre os candidatos que disputaram o segundo turno das eleicoes foram o objeto de estudo. Usou-se o software Orange Canvas, uma ferramenta de aprendizado de maquina livre e de codigo aberto, para a coleta da amostra e para a extracao das informacoes relevantes. A tecnica de analise de opiniao foi aplicada para classificacao automatica dos sentimentos em positivos, negativos e neutros. Para melhor analise e interpretacao dos resultados, exibiram-se as palavras mais importantes dos comentarios em nuvens de palavras e as emocoes, em graficos de distribuicao de frequencia. Resultados: Detectaram-se muitos sentimentos negativos nas postagens e a emocao de surpresa foi a que mais se destacou para ambos os concorrentes. Conclusoes: O estudo mostrou que o Twitter e um local interessante para usuarios expressarem seus sentimentos no periodo eleitoral. Porem, o trabalho nao foi capaz de prever o resultado das eleicoes com base nas emocoes. Acredita-se que isso se deve as altas taxas de rejeicao dos eleitores quanto aos candidatos e a polarizacao que tem caracterizado a politica brasileira nos ultimos tempos.
On the autonomic nervous and chromaffin control systems of lungfish

There are currently three extant genera of true lungfish (dipnoans): one in South America (Lepidosiren), one in Africa (Protopterus) and one in Australia (Neoceratodus). Although there are numerous fish that can breathe air, a common feature of the dipnoans is a vascular arrangement with a pulmonary artery, and a pulmonary vein that brings the oxygenated blood directly to the heart.The control systems regulating the blood flow in the dipnoan circulation are not well known. In most vertebrates, adrenergic systems - circulating catecholamines and adrenergic nerves (postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system) - play essential roles in the control of both cardiac function and vascular resistance. In lungfish there is little evidence for adrenergic nerves, instead there is an impressive presence of chromaffin cells within the atrium of the heart, in the walls of the left posterior cardinal vein (azygos vein) and the intercostals arteries. A cholinergic innervation of the lung, the heart and possi.
Demonstration of Fey receptors in human endometrium

Cryostat sections of human endometrium bound sheep erythrocytes (E) sensitized with rabbit IgG antibody (A), (EA). Unsensitized E were not bound. Native, heat‐aggregated IgG and Fc fragments of IgG inhibited the binding of EA, whereas IgM, IgA and F(ab’)2 fragments of IgG did not. The data indicate the presence of receptors for the Fc part of IgG (FcR). Using immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and rabbit IgG antibodies to HRP and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), FcR were located to the glandular epithelial and endothelial cells, macrophages and predecidual cells of the stroma. These structures were also stained by mAbs against all three FcR classes and a 40‐kD low affinity placental FcR. Preliminary results indicate that the expression of FcR varies during different stages of the menstrual cycle. FcR in the endometrium may play a role in local immunoregulation necessary for nidation and development of the blastocyst.
Pentoxifylline inhibits the synthesis and IFN‐γ‐inducing activity of IL‐18

The effect of phosphodiesterase‐inhibiting anti‐inflammatory drug pentoxifylline (PTX) on LPS‐induced IL‐18 synthesis and IL‐18‐mediated IFN‐γ‐induction were investigated. In a dose‐dependent manner PTX inhibited production of IL‐18 in LPS‐treated cultures of murine spleen cells and bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Similarly, PTX treatment significantly reduced blood IL‐18 levels and expression of spleen IL‐18 mRNA in LPS‐challenged mice. The inhibitory effect of PTX was specific for IL‐18, since LPS‐induced IL‐12 p40 release was not suppressed either in splenocyte cultures or blood of LPS‐injected animals. Synergistic induction of IFN‐γ by combined IL‐12/IL‐18 treatment was also inhibited by PTX in vitro and in vivo. Experiments with IL‐12 pretreatment of splenocytes, followed by IL‐18 stimulation, revealed that PTX suppressed both IL‐12 and IL‐18 signals responsible for IFN‐γ induction. These results suggest that interference with IL‐18 synthesis and IFN‐γ‐inducing activity might contribute to anti‐inflammatory actions of PTX.
Changing times, spaces, and faces: tests and implications of adaptive morphological plasticity in the fishes of northern postglacial lakes

The phenotypic diversity exhibited within and among populations of freshwater fishes in postglacial lakes has intrigued biologists for two reasons: (i) their high phenotypic variation and (ii) the apparently recent and rapid divergence of forms. Genetic and ecological studies of these taxa are shedding new light on mechanisms of divergence and species formation. Surprisingly, the roles of phenotypic plasticity in the origins, maintenance, and generation of phenotypic diversity in this system are rarely directly addressed. We synthesize the available literature on morphological plasticity in these fishes and, using a meta-analysis, test for adaptive plasticity. We conclude that (i) morphological plasticity is common in at least six families of northern freshwater fishes, (ii) plastic responses can often be induced by conditions related to littoral and pelagic lake environments, (iii) plasticity often represents adaptive responses to conditions in these habitats, and (iv) that although rarely tested, herita.
Late Pleistocene modern human mandibles from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, Japan: morphological affinities and implications for modern human dispersals in East Asia

The Late Pleistocene modern human skeletal remains from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, are important because of their exceptional completeness. This paper presents the first detailed morphological description of the five mandibular specimens from Minatogawa, which probably belong to two male and two female individuals (two of the five specimens likely belong to the same male individual). Intensive metric and non-metric comparisons with the mandibles of the Jomon Holocene hunter-gatherers from mainland Japan indicate that the Minatogawa mandibles are different from the Jomon condition in many respects: a tendency toward alveolar prognathism, relatively rounded chin morphology, low anterior corpus heights, a large mental foramen, a small ramus, etc. The Jomon mandibles show chronological and geographic variations in some of these traits, but the morphology of Minatogawa is distinct even if such variations are taken into consideration. These observations caution against uncritical acceptance of the traditional view that supposes genealogical relationships between Minatogawa and Jomon. Some characteristics of the Minatogawa mandibles (e.g. alveolar prognathism and relatively small ramus) are shared with Australo-Melanesians, among other modern human populations. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the Minatogawa people were derived from prehistoric Southeast Asian populations with Australo-Melanesian affinities.
Reproduction and population ecology of the vulnerable western sawshelled turtle, Myuchelys bellii, in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

Abstract. Effective management decisions about the conservation of threatened species often rely on good information about their biology and life-history traits. Nearly half of all turtle species face extinction in the wild through worldwide rapid declines in species abundance and habitat loss. The vulnerable western sawshelled turtle, Myuchelys bellii, from eastern Australia is one such species under threat and for which fundamental information is lacking. The three known populations of M. bellii in the Murray–Darling Basin from the Namoi, Gwydir and Border Rivers catchments were studied over a period of nearly eight years. From capture–mark–recapture data, we studied M. bellii’s sexual maturity and reproduction, compared age of individuals using growth rates derived from annuli and growth increment data and calculated a population estimate for the Queensland population. For the first time this study has quantified the life-history traits of M. bellii including having delayed age at first breeding, with males taking nearly 10 years to mature and females approaching 20 years (from growth increment data), low reproductive effort (14.3 eggs per adult female; 78% of females breeding in any one year) and high survivorship with a predicted lifespan of over 40 years. Of particular management concern for M. bellii is the long-term conservation of the small isolated Queensland population (<400 individuals). The extensive dataset provides a baseline for future investigations and management actions required to improve the conservation outcomes for this threatened turtle.
Tree swallow diet in relation to wetland acidity

We examined 12 825 prey of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) northeast of Sudbury, Ontario, to observe the importance of aquatic food and the influence of wetland pH on swallow diet during the breeding season. Items of aquatic origin constituted most of the biomass in diets of both nestlings and adults. Molluscs and Ephemeroptera (mayflies), whose distributions in the study wetlands were strongly influenced by pH, were eaten by swallows, particularly nestlings. The major change in nestling diet in relation to wetland acidity was a decrease in mayflies and a corresponding increase in aquatic Diptera at wetlands of lower pH. The number of aquatic taxa eaten by nestlings was lowest at acidic wetlands. The total biomass of emerging insects captured at acidic wetlands was not lower than at wetlands of higher pH, and in fact tended to be greater. The rate at which swallows fed their young and the amount of food fed to nestlings were not related to wetland pH or other wetland characteristics. Nevertheless, the.
Some Factors Affecting Drift Rates of Baetis and Simuliidae in a Large River

Effects of eight factors on the drift rates of Baetis nymphs and Simuliidae larvae were tested with multiple regression analyses. Illumination, population density of all other organisms and temperature had significant influences on drift rates of both organisms. Turbidity and water—level fluctuations were related to changes in drift rates indirectly through influence upon light penetration and population density, respectively. Dissolved—oxygen concentration, calendar date, and depth of water at the sample site did not clearly affect drift rates of either organism. In areas where population densities were high, the eight factors tested accounted for 65% to 81% of the variability observed in drift rates. Maximum drift rates were 170 x 106 Baetis sp. nymphs (63.2 kg) and 10.9 x 106 Simuliidae larvae (5.4 kg) per day. See full-text article at JSTOR
Effects of Reduced Carbonate Saturation State on Early Development in the Common Edible Sea Urchin Lytechinus variegatus: Implications for Land-Based Aquaculture

Land-based aquaculture facilities often utilize additional bicarbonate sources such as commercial sea salts that are designed to boost alkalinity in order to buffer seawater against reductions in pH. Despite these preventative measures, many facilities are likely to face occasional reductions in pH and corresponding reductions in carbonate saturation states due to the accumulation of metabolic waste products. We investigated the impact of reduced carbonate saturation states (ΩCa, ΩAr) on embryonic developmental rates, larval developmental rates, and echinoplutei skeletal morphometrics in the common edible sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus under high alkalinity conditions. Commercial artificial seawater was bubbled with a mixture of air and CO2 gas to reduce the carbonate saturation state. Rates of embryonic and larval development were significantly delayed in both the low and extreme low carbonate saturation state groups relative to the control at a given time. Although symmetry of overall skeletal body lengths was not affected, allometric relationships were significantly different between treatment groups. Larvae reared under ambient conditions had significantly greater postoral arm and overall body lengths relative to body lengths than larvae grown under extreme low carbonate saturation state conditions, indicating that extreme changes in the carbonate system affected not only developmental rates but also larval skeletal shape. Reduced rates of embryonic development and delayed and altered larval skeletal growth are likely to negatively impact larval culturing of L. variegatus in land-based, intensive culture situations where calcite and aragonite saturation states are lowered by the accumulation of metabolic waste products.