Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 8 POLYAMINES AND COTTON FLOWERING

Cotton production is plagued by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Even though cotton originates from areas that are characterized by adverse environmental conditions, the cotton crop is still vulnerable to stresses particularly during the reproductive stage. Environmental stress during floral development is a major reason for the disparity between actual and potential yields in crops with valuable reproductive structures (Boyer, 1982; Oosterhuis, 2002; Castiglioni, et al., 2008). In cotton, even moderate stresses can result in reproductive failure in a multitude of ways, such as by disabling pollen vectors, or by causing sterility, asynchrony in pollen and ovule production, or even abortion of reproductive structures (Chiariello and Gulmon, 1991). The physiological functions that occur during flowering have been well documented (Mauney and Stewart, 1986; Stewart et al., 2010). However, information is limited about the metabolic functions in the cotton flower and how these are affected by adverse conditions. Despite some recent reports on the effects of high temperature stress on metabolism in the cotton flower (Burke and Wanjura, 2010; Snider et al., 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c) and a number of older publications on hormone affects and interactions in cotton fruiting forms (Guinn, 1981, Guinn and Brummett, 1988), the overall picture is still not clear. Polyamines were first accepted as plant growth regulators at the International Conference of Plant Growth Substances in 1982 (Davies, 1987). However, controversial opinions exists as to whether PAs qualify to be classified as hormones, due to their abundance in plants, and the much higher concentrations that are required to induce biological responses. Most of the published work on hormones in cotton deals with ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin, with little known about the role and importance of the “new” phytohormones such as polyamines. This review covers the role of polyamines in reproductive development and what is known in cotton.
Constraint on a varying proton-to-electron mass ratio from H2 and HD absorption at zabs ≃ 2.34

Molecular hydrogen (H2) absorption in the damped Lyman α system at zabs = 2.34 towards quasar SDSS J123437.55+075843.3 is analysed in order to derive 'a constraint on a possible temporal variation of the proton-to-electronmass ratio,μ, over cosmological time-scales. Some 106 H2 and deuterated molecular hydrogen (HD) transitions, covering the range 3290-3726 A, are analysed with a comprehensive fitting technique, allowing for the inclusion of overlapping lines associated with hydrogen molecules, the atomic hydrogen lines in the Lyman α forest as well as metal lines. The absorption model, based on the most recent and accurate rest wavelength for H2 and HD transitions, delivers a value of Δμ/μ = (19 ± 9stat ± 5syst) × 10-6. An attempt to correct the spectrum for possible long-range wavelength distortions is made, and the uncertainty on the distortion correction is included in the total systematic uncertainty. The present result is an order of magnitude more stringent than a previous measurement from the analysis of this absorption system, based on a line-by-line comparison of only 12 prominent and isolated H2 absorption lines. This is consistent with other measurements of Δμ/μ from 11 other absorption systems in showing a null variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio over a look-back time of 11 Gyr.
Chapter 4 Exploring Developmental Changes in Cross-Language Speech Perception

One of the most remarkable attributes of being human is the ability to acquire language, and considerable research in cognitive science has been directed toward understanding the process es and capabilities that make this feat possible. In order to acquire a spoken language, the listener must be able to parse the continuous stream of speech into sentences , clauses , words, syllables, and phonemes and to represent the infonnation at each level. A phoneme is a sub syllabic unit, and the difference in a single phoneme can convey different meanings (for example, big versus dig or bat versus bet ). There are differences between languages in the phoneme inventory. For instance, the distinction between Irl and III is important in English: the word "rate" means something quite different than the word late; however , this difference is not phonemicit does not signal a difference in meaningin Japanese . Similarly, the difference between a dental It I and retroflex IT I is not phonemic in English, although it can signal a difference in meaning in Hindi. Thus, for an English-learning child, the word table refers to a single class of items irrespective of whether the It I is produced with the tongue behind the front teeth (dental), on the ridge behind the teeth (alveolar), or with the underside of the tongue tip against the roof of the mouth (retroflex). For a Hindi-learning child, though, the dental and retroflex It ' I are both phonemes and thus can signal different words. Clearly, then, English or Hindi childrenlike all children in the worldrequire some working knowledge of the phonology (the sound structure) of their native language in order to map sound on to meaning. The focus of this chapter is to describe the quest by psychologists and linguists to understand the mechanisms and process es by which children acquire sensitivity to the sound structure, particularly the phoneme inventory , of their native language. The chapter will begin with a brief review of the remarkable speech perception abilities of young infants. This will be followed by a description of the research showing how these initial capacities are shaped and influenced by exposure to different languages. Finally,
Fonctions exécutives , variations stratégiques et vieillissement Executive functions , strategic variations and aging

Aging is associated with declines of cognitive performance in numerous domains. In this article, we discuss the link between age-related declines in executive functions and in cognitive strategies. Cognitive aging is accompanied by modifications in the strategies individuals use to accomplish a task. Moreover, the efficiency of executive control processes is also reduced with aging. An interesting question is whether age-related declines of executive control mechanisms can be responsible for modifications of problem-solving strategies in older adults. The data presented in this article suggest that this is the case. To introduce the hypothesis regarding the role of age-related executive function declines in modifications of problemsolving strategies, we briefly review the main conclusions regarding effects of aging on ecutive functions. We proceed to discussing recent data testing strategic variations and ex doi:10.1nrp. 2013.0245 REVUE DE NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE NEUROSCIENCES COGNITIVES ET CLINIQUES 98 relationships among executive functions, strategic variations and aging. Finally, we discuss consequences of these data for the interplay between quantitative and qualitative performance variations with age, the importance of inter-individual differences and the compensation mechanisms that could be used by older adults to face age-related cognitive declines.
A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING POLLUTION PROBLEMS

In the 1960's, we developed a strong public conwork suggested is based on the concept of consumers' science about the environment, The 1970's will reveal and producers' surplus which dates back to Marshall a great deal about our ability to better understand [14, pp, 124-132, 811] Though controversial [9, and manage the environment in socially acceptable 17], this measure of welfare has been widely used 8, ways. This task will require both theories and 10, 15, 18, 19]mainly, because researchers working measurement techniques to empirically verify them, on an applied problem have found the concept to be A welfare theory (based largely on Paretlan welfare empirically operational, Before discussing this theoeconomics) states that we can say one system is retical framework, I will briefly consider the concept preferable to another if the system makes at least one of an' externality and allocative mechanisms to deal person better off and no one worse off. Most alternawith public goods and externalities, five systems in the real world, including those available to resolve pollution conflicts, do not meet this ON ALLOCATING criterion. A change in the system normally makes ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES someone worse off. Thus, Paretian, or the "new," welfare economics, is not really useful in making In its simplest form, an externality exists when the most policy decisions. The problem is compounded, actions of one party, B, affects the utility or producbecause often we do not know how to measure the tion function of another party, A. Whether or not A real effects of pollution on parties involved in and will actually try to influence B's action depends upon influenced by pollution. This later problem is aggrathe costs and benefits of his doing so. If A is mo. vated by the fact that we have done very little to tivated to attempt to influence the action of B, the systematically record observations on pollution externality may be termed potentially relevant [1, p. processes. The sheer size of the observational task is 373]. An externality may create economies or disstaggering. All we can ever hope to do is observe life economies, but it is the diseconomies which generally forms which seem to be critical indicators of harmful create conflict. pollutants. Filter feeders and life forms (such as man) at the ends of food chains are the most likely candiPollution problems are generally caused by techdates. Many important variables are not observable nological external diseconomies t created by some because of our inability to measure them and others party who uses a resource such as air or water as are just not recognized as being important with the though it were a free good and neglects any costs current state of knowledge. Lack of data seriously which may be inflicted on others. Consequently, handicaps applied research. The theoretical framethere is an inefficient allocation of resources because
King George Island ice cap geometry updated with airborne GPR measurements

Abstract. Ice geometry is a mandatory requirement for numerical modelling purposes. In this paper we present a consistent data set for the ice thickness, the bedrock topography and the ice surface topography of the King George Island ice cap (Arctowski icefield and the adjacent central part). The new data set is composed of ground based and airborne ground penetrating radar (GPR) and differential GPS (DGPS) measurements, obtained during several field campaigns. Blindow et al. (2010) already provided a comprehensive overview of the ground based measurements carried out in the safely accessible area of the ice cap. The updated data set incorporates airborne measurements in the heavily crevassed coastal areas. Therefore, in this paper special attention is paid to the airborne measurements by addressing the instrument used, survey procedure, and data processing in more detail. In particular, the inclusion of airborne GPR measurements with the 30 MHz BGR-P30-System developed at the Institute of Geophysics (University of Munster) completes the picture of the ice geometry substantially. The compiled digital elevation model of the bedrock shows a rough, highly variable topography with pronounced valleys, ridges, and troughs. Mean ice thickness is 240 p 6 m, with a maximum value of 422 p 10 m in the surveyed area. Noticeable are bounded areas in the bedrock topography below sea level where marine based ice exists. The provided data set is required as a basis for future monitoring attempts or as input for numerical modelling experiments. The data set is available from the PANGAEA database at http://dx.doi. org/10.1594/PANGAEA.770567 .
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF A PRESCRIBED FIRE ON HABITAT QUALITY FOR A SNAKE ASSEMBLAGE

—Early successional habitats in the northeastern United States, once generated in part by now rare fire events, are essential for a wide range of specialist species. Many snake species use open early successional habitats for basking (thermoregulation) and foraging, but individual species within an assemblage vary in their requirements. Consequently, management to maintain early successional habitats using prescribed fire may have varied effects on different species. We used a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) experimental design to explore how a snake assemblage responded to a prescribed burn intended to improve habitat quality for the endangered Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake, Sistrurus catenatus catenatus, in an old field habitat in New York. Although we do not employ full statistical analysis given that the fire treatment was operationally applied only to one site, our results suggest that prescribed fire is an important influence of habitat quality for snakes. Further study is required to facilitate generalizations of our findings across multiple prescribed fires and to identify the mechanisms behind these apparent effects of prescribed fire on snake habitat.
Cosmetic Serum Containing Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Extract Phytosome: Formulation and In Vitro Penetration Study

Objective: Grape seed extract (GSE) contains abundant phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds in GSE have an inadequate penetration due to its hydrophilicity. The objective of this research was to formulate GSE phytosome serum to overcome its penetration problem. Methods: Phytosomes were prepared in three formulas based on the mass ratio between the extract and the phosphatidylcholine, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2, using the thin layer hydration method. Phytosomes were then characterized their morphology, particle size distribution, zeta potential and their entrapment efficiency. The selected phytosome was formulated into a gel-based serum. Then, physicochemical evaluations of the serum, including organoleptic test (color, odor, and syneresis), homogeneity, pH, viscosity and rheology properties, were conducted. An in vitro penetration study using the Franz diffusion cells was performed on phytosome and nonphytosome serum (as a control). Results: The results showed that F2 was the optimal phytosome among other formula with a spherical shape, Dmean volume was 398.23 nm, zeta potential at -25.2 mV and entrapment efficiency of 75.01±0.25%. The cumulative amount of total phenolic penetrated from the phytosome serum and control were 27.25±0.67% and 11.97±0.49%, respectively. The phytosome serum had a flux value of 243.11±7.94 μg/cm2.hour, while the control serum was 68.56±5.54 μg/cm2. hour. Conclusion: This research demonstrated that phytosome could increase the penetration of the drug in serum dosage form. Key words: Franz diffusion Cell, Grape seed extract, Penetration, Phytosome, Serum, Total phenolic.
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on vegetable crops in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): State of knowledge, control+ methods and prospects for management

Significance of fruit flies in vegetable crops . Vegetable crops hold a key position in agricultural production in Reunion (Indian Ocean); however, many pests and diseases threaten the profitability of this agricultural sector. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) figure among the main pests for solanaceous crops and cucurbits (cucumber, zucchini, melon, etc.). Losses of as much as 80% of tomato and 100% of cucurbit crop harvests have been frequently observed. Inventory and distribution . Four fruit fly species belonging to the Tephritidae family cause major damage to vegetable crops in Reunion: Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet), Dacus ciliatus Loew and D. demmerezi (Bezzi) on Cucurbitaceae, and Neoceratitis cyanescens (Bezzi) on Solanaceae (primarily the tomato). Distribution of each of them is presented. Biology and behavior . A few studies on the biology and behavior of the four fruit flies were conducted in Reunion in the late 1990s. Their main biological characteristics are summarized. Population control methods used in Reunion . Various methods such as chemical control, preventive measures (sanitation), physical control, biotechnical control [colored traps, the Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) and the Bait Application Technique (BAT)], and biological control currently used in Reunion against fruit flies are reported. Other control methods such as Integrated Pest Management and the Sterile Insect Technique are not used in Reunion. Prospects for implementing agro-ecological management of vegetable fruit flies in Reunion . This part presents research actions implemented in fly bio-ecology, research actions into the genetic structure of populations and design of an agro-ecological management scheme for vegetable fruit flies. Conclusions . The control methods used independently have not been successful to effectively control tephritid populations. A more integrated approach is required, also taking into account the landscape scale and its mosaic of habitats, especially wild plants, whose role must be considered within a framework of agro-ecological management of these pest populations.
South African price changes and inflation since 1974: A note on the testing of inflation accuracy

As inflation credibility in South Africa records low readings when measured in terms of inflation credibility barometers, this note aims at assessing whether actual price movements provide any grounds for low inflation credibility. It compares the price movements of similar items with the rate of inflation over a period of 32 years, i.e. from 1974 to 2006, and discusses the use of an inflation accuracy indicator to compare estimated price levels adjusted by the rate of inflation and actual price levels. Over the period of comparison no systematic over- or under-reporting of changes in prices in terms of the rate of inflation could be detected and the analysis suggests that little or no basis can be found to justify low inflation credibility. Inflation credibility is more likely than not influenced by the most recent purchasing experiences of consumers. Doubts concerning the accuracy of inflation figures could nevertheless result in the general public concluding that monetary policy aiming at the achievement of an inflation target brings only the pain of high interest rates without the tangible benefits of lower inflation, thereby jeopardising the usefulness of an inflation-targeting monetary policy framework. JEL E31
WORKING PAPER SERIES No . 6 / 2004 MODELLING INFLATION IN THE EURO

The paper presents an incomplete competition model (ICM), where inflation is determined jointly with unit labour cost growth. The ICM is estimated on data for the Euro area and evaluated against existing models, i.e. the implicit inflation equation of the Area Wide model (AWM) cf. Fagan, Henry and Mestre (2001) and estimated versions of the (single equation) P* model and a hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve. The evidence from these comparisons does not invite decisive conclusions. There is, however, some support in favour of the (reduced form) AWM inflation equation. It is the only model that encompasses a general unrestricted model and it forecast encompasses the competitors when tested on 20 quarters of one step ahead forecasts.
Some one-sided theorems on the tail distribution of sample sums with applications to the last time and largest excess of boundary crossings

In this paper, we prove certain one-sided Paley-type inequalities and use them to study the convergence rates for the tail probabilities of sample sums. We then apply our results to find the limiting moments and the limiting distribution of the last time and the largest excess of boundary crossings for the sample sums, generalizing the results previously obtained by Robbins, Siegmund and Wendel. Certain one-sided limit theorems for delayed sums are also obtained and are applied to study the convergence rates of tail probabilities.
The quest for the Soldier's Rest: Combining anthropological and archaeochemical approaches to study social and occupational diversity in the Medieval graveyard of San Andres de Arroyo (Palencia, Spain)

The monastery of San Andres de Arroyo (established in 1181) is one the best examples of Cistercian architecture in the Spanish region of Castilla y Leon. In this study, strontium isotope ratios were used to study the population of the recently excavated graveyard of this monastery. Twenty-nine individuals (of which 13 had preserved teeth) found in burials from the 13th and 14th centuries were subjected to analysis. Enamel 87Sr/86Sr ratio values obtained by using a multicollector ICP-MS instrument were used to distinguish between local and nonlocal individuals. Additionally, an anthropological study based on entheseal changes and other paleopathological conditions was carried out in all the exhumed individuals. This combined data allowed us to define the chemical and osteological diversity of a Medieval Spanish monastery and its surrounding village. Among the usual profiles for a rural society,
Privacy-preservation Framework for Sharing Genomic Data: A Game Theoretic Approach

Sharing genomic is important for healthcare but privacy must be protected because links between de-identified genomic data and named persons can be re-established by users with malicious intents. In this paper, a game theoretic approach is developed for quantifiable protections of genomic data sharing. This approach accounts for adversarial behavior and capabilities. The game model is developed to discover the best solution for sharing genomic summary statistics under an economically driven recipient’s (adversary) inference attack based on a Stackelberg game. The inference attack checks if a targeted DNA is in a genome pool with published summary statistics (that is, minor allele frequency of Single Nucleic Polymorphisms)
Functional characterisation of a HOX/PBX transcriptional complex

Hox genes control cell fates and specify regional identities during vertebrate development. Hox proteins relaxed DNA-binding selectivity in vitro, suggests that Hox specificity of action is achieved in vivo through the action of transcriptional cofactors. Members of the EXD/PBX family of homeoproteins have been proposed for such a role on the basis of genetic and biochemical evidence. In this work we show that the human Pbxl and HOXBl proteins can cooperatively activate transcription through a genetically charaterized Hox responsive element, the autoregulatory enhancer of the mouse Hoxb-1 gene (b-1ARE), which directs the spatially restricted expression of Hoxb-1 in the fourth rhombomere during hindbrain development. On the b-lARE, only a restricted subset of HOX proteins is able to bind cooperatively and activate transcription. Selective recognition of the b-lARE is mediated by the N-terminal region of the HOX homeodomain. The DNA binding and protein-protein interaction functions of HOXBl and Pbxl are all necessary for the assembly of a transcriptionally active complex on the b-lARE. Functional dissection of the complex allowed the localization of the main activation domain in the HOXBl N-terminal region, and of an additional one in the C-terminal region of Pbxl, which is absent in one of its two alternative splicing isoforms. The transcriptional activity of HOX/Pbxl complexes on the b-lARE element is maximal and further restricted in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells compared to other cell lines. Mutational analysis shows that an octamer-binding protein consensus site on the b-lARE contributes to the activity of the enhancer in transfected cells and it is bound in vitro by octamer-like proteins from both EC cells and embryonic extracts.