Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KV-Match: A Subsequence Matching Approach Supporting Normalization and Time Warping

The volume of time series data has exploded due to the popularity of new applications, such as data center management and IoT. Subsequence matching is a fundamental task in mining time series data. All index-based approaches only consider raw subsequence matching (RSM) and do not support subsequence normalization. UCR Suite can deal with normalized subsequence matching problem (NSM), but it needs to scan full time series. In this paper, we propose a novel problem, named constrained normalized subsequence matching problem (cNSM), which adds some constraints to NSM problem. The cNSM problem provides a knob to flexibly control the degree of offset shifting and amplitude scaling, which enables users to build the index to process the query. We propose a new index structure, KV-index, and the matching algorithm, KV-match. With a single index, our approach can support both RSM and cNSM problems under either ED or DTW distance. KV-index is a key-value structure, which can be easily implemented on local files or HBase tables. To support the query of arbitrary lengths, we extend KV-match to KV-match_DP, which utilizes multiple varied-length indexes to process the query. We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets. The results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Unleashing Linear Optimizers for Group-Fair Learning and Optimization

Most systems and learning algorithms optimize average performance or average loss–one reason being computational complexity. However, many objectives of practical interest are more complex than simply average loss. This arises, for example, when balancing performance or loss with fairness across people. We prove that, from a computational perspective, optimizing arbitrary objectives that take into account performance over a small number of groups is not significantly harder to optimize than average performance. Our main result is a polynomial-time reduction that uses a linear optimizer to optimize an arbitrary (Lipschitz continuous) function of performance over a (constant) number of possibly-overlapping groups. This includes fairness objectives over small numbers of groups, and we further point out that other existing notions of fairness such as individual fairness can be cast as convex optimization and hence more standard convex techniques can be used. Beyond learning, our approach applies to multi-objective optimization, more generally.
Current Classification and Management of Inflammatory Myopathies

Inflammatory disorders of the skeletal muscle include polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), (immune mediated) necrotizing myopathy (NM), overlap syndrome with myositis (overlap myositis, OM) including anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Whereas DM occurs in children and adults, all other forms of myositis mostly develop in middle aged individuals. Apart from a slowly progressive, chronic disease course in IBM, patients with myositis typically present with a subacute onset of weakness of arms and legs, often associated with pain and clearly elevated creatine kinase in the serum. PM, DM and most patients with NM and OM usually respond to immunosuppressive therapy, whereas IBM is largely refractory to treatment. The diagnosis of myositis requires careful and combinatorial assessment of (1) clinical symptoms including pattern of weakness and paraclinical tests such as MRI of the muscle and electromyography (EMG), (2) broad analysis of auto-antibodies associated with myositis, and (3) detailed histopathological work-up of a skeletal muscle biopsy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current classification, diagnostic pathway, treatment regimen and pathomechanistic understanding of myositis.
Short Title: Spatio-temporal Oculomotor Profiles Visual Attention Mechanisms in Happiness vs. Trustworthiness Processing of Facial Expressions

A happy facial expression makes a person look (more) trustworthy. Do perceptions of happiness and trustworthiness rely on the same face regions and visual attention processes? In an eye-tracking study, eye movements and fixations were recorded while participants judged the un/happiness or the un/trustworthiness of dynamic facial expressions in which the eyes and/or the mouth unfolded from neutral to happy or vice versa. A smiling mouth and happy eyes enhanced perceived happiness and trustworthiness similarly, with a greater contribution of the smile relative to the eyes. This comparable judgment output for happiness and trustworthiness was reached through shared as well as distinct attentional mechanisms: (a) entry times and (b) initial fixation thresholds for each face region were equivalent for both judgments, thereby revealing the same attentional orienting in happiness and trustworthiness processing. However, (c) greater and (d) longer fixation density for the mouth region in the happiness task, and for the eye region in the trustworthiness task, demonstrated different selective attentional engagement. Relatedly, (e) mean fixation duration across face regions was longer in the trustworthiness task, thus showing increased attentional intensity or processing effort.
Low Cost Edge Sensing for High Quality Demosaicking

Digital cameras that use color filter arrays (CFA) entail a demosaicking procedure to form full RGB images. To digital camera industry, demosaicking speed is as important as demosaicking accuracy, because camera users have been accustomed to viewing captured photos instantly. Moreover, the cost associated with demosaicking should not go beyond the cost saved by using CFA. For this purpose, we revisit the classical Hamilton–Adams (HA) algorithm, which outperforms many sophisticated techniques in both speed and accuracy. Our analysis shows that the HA pipeline is highly efficient to exploit the originally captured data, but its oversimplified inter- and intra-channel smoothness formulation hinder its accuracy. Therefore, we propose a very low cost edge sensing scheme, which guides demosaicking by a logistic functional of the difference between directional variations. We extensively compare our algorithm with 27 demosaicking algorithms by running their open source code on benchmark datasets. Compared with the methods of similar computational cost, our method achieves substantially higher accuracy, whereas compared with the methods of similar accuracy, our method has significantly lower cost. On test images of currently popular resolution, the quality of our algorithm is comparable to top performers, yet our speed is tens of times faster. Source code is submitted to http://ieeexplore.ieee. org.
The Neural Basis of and a Common Neural Circuitry in Different Types of Pro-social Behavior

Pro-social behaviors are voluntary behaviors that benefit other people or society as a whole, such as charitable donations, cooperation, trust, altruistic punishment, and fairness. These behaviors have been widely described through non self-interest decision-making in behavioral experimental studies and are thought to be increased by social preference motives. Importantly, recent studies using a combination of neuroimaging and brain stimulation, designed to reveal the neural mechanisms of pro-social behaviors, have found that a wide range of brain areas, specifically the prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala, are correlated or causally related with pro-social behaviors. In this review, we summarize the research on the neural basis of various kinds of pro-social behaviors and describe a common shared neural circuitry of these pro-social behaviors. We introduce several general ways in which experimental economics and neuroscience can be combined to develop important contributions to understanding social decision-making and pro-social behaviors. Future research should attempt to explore the neural circuitry between the frontal lobes and deeper brain areas.
The Near Noise Field of Static Jets and Some Model Studies of Devices for Noise Reduction

An experimental study is presented of the pressure fluctuations near jet exhaust streams made during unchoked operation of a turbojet engine and a 1-inch-diameter high-temperature model jet and during choked operation of various sizes of model jets with unheated air. The tests for unchoked operation indicate a random spectrum of rather narrow band width which varies in frequency content with axial position along the jet. Pressure surveys from the model tests along lines parallel to the 15 degree jet boundary indicate that the station of greatest pressure fluctuations is determined by the jet velocity and the radial distance, with a tendency of the maximum to shift downstream as either parameter is increased. From model tests the magnitude of the fluctuations appears to increase as about the second power of jet velocity at points just outside the jet boundary and as increasingly higher powers of jet velocity as distance from the boundary is increased. A laboratory method of noise reduction with model jets was found to produce large decreases in the magnitude of the lower-frequency components of the spectra and thereby also to reduce the total radiated energy. Choked operation of model jets with unheated air indicates the appearance of a discrete-frequency component of very large magnitude. Shadowgraph records of the flow show that this condition is associated with the appearance of flow formations suggestive of partly formed toroidal vortices in the vicinity of the shocks. Elimination of these formations is found to eliminate the discrete component and thereby to reduce the overall noise level.
The effects of a mixture of copper, nickel, and zinc on the structure and function of a freshwater planktonic community

It is generally assumed that as long as the majority of species experiences no direct adverse effects attributable to a single substance (i.e., potentially affected fraction [PAF] <5%), no significant structural or functional effects at the community level are expected to occur. Whether this assumption holds for mixed metal contamination is not known. In the present study, we tested this by performing a microcosm experiment in which a naturally occurring freshwater planktonic community was exposed to a copper–nickel–zinc (Cu–Ni–Zn) mixture for 8 wk and various structural and functional community‐level traits were assessed. In the low mixture concentration treatments (i.e., Ni–Zn mixtures, because there was no difference in Cu concentrations in these treatments with the control), community‐level effects were relatively simple, only involving phytoplankton species groups. In the high mixture concentration treatments (Cu–Ni–Zn mixtures), community‐level effects were more complex, involving several phytoplankton and zooplankton species groups. Multisubstance PAF (msPAF) values for all mixture treatments were calculated by applying the concentration addition model to bioavailability‐normalized single‐metal species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). Consistent effects on the structural traits community composition, abundance of zooplankton species groups, species diversity, and species richness and on the functional trait dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (as a proxy for the microbial loop and pelagic food web interactions) were only observed at msPAF values >0.05 (i.e., in the Cu–Ni–Zn mixture). However, consistent effects on the abundance of various phytoplankton species groups (structural traits) and on 2 measures of community respiration, overnight Δ dissolved oxygen (ΔDO) and ΔpH (functional traits), were already observed at msPAF values of ≤0.05 (i.e., in the Ni–Zn mixture). This indicates that the threshold msPAF value of 0.05 was not protective against metal mixture exposure for all community‐level structural and functional endpoints in the present study. A possible explanation for this result is the mismatch between the species in the SSD and those in our microcosm community. Indeed, our data suggest that the presence of one single dominant and very Zn‐ and/or Ni‐sensitive species in the investigated community (i.e., a cyanobacteria of the genus Oscillatoria), which is not represented in the SSD of these metals, was probably the driver of all observed effects at or below an msPAF of 0.05. Overall, the present results show that SSDs are not necessarily a good predictor of community‐level effects for all types of communities and that the presence of dominant sensitive species may result in significant, consistent effects on certain structural and functional community‐level endpoints at msPAF values ≤0.05, which is generally considered protective in many regulatory frameworks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2380–2400. © 2018 SETAC
Co-administered Tag-Less Toxoid Fusion 3xSTaN12S-mnLTR192G/L211A and CFA/I/II/IV MEFA (Multiepitope Fusion Antigen) Induce Neutralizing Antibodies to 7 Adhesins (CFA/I, CS1-CS6) and Both Enterotoxins (LT, STa) of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) bacteria remain a leading cause of children's diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea. Vaccines that induce antibodies to block ETEC bacterial adherence and to neutralize toxin enterotoxicity can be effective against ETEC-associated diarrhea. Recent studies showed that 6xHis-tagged CFA/I/II/IV multiepitope fusion antigen (MEFA) induced broad-spectrum antibodies to inhibit adherence of the seven most important ETEC adhesins (CFA/I, CS1 to CS6) (Ruan et al., 2014a) and 6xHis-tagged toxoid fusion antigen 3xSTaN12S-mnLTR192G/L211A (previously named as 3xSTaN12S-dmLT) elicited antibodies to neutralize both heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (STa) produced by ETEC strains (Ruan et al., 2014b). In this study, we constructed two new genes to express tag-less toxoid fusion 3xSTaN12S-mnLTR192G/L211A and tag-less CFA/I/II/IV MEFA and then examined immunogenicity of each tag-less protein in mouse immunization. We further combined two tag-less proteins and investigated antigen co-administration in mice. Data showed that mice immunized with tag-less 3xSTaN12S-mnLTR192G/L211A or tag-less CFA/I/II/IV MEFA developed antigen-specific IgG antibody responses, and mice co-administered with two tag-less proteins induced neutralizing antibodies against seven adhesins and both toxins. These results indicated tag-less toxoid fusion 3xSTaN12S-mnLTR192G/L211A and tag-less CFA/I/II/IV MEFA administered individually or combined induced neutralizing antitoxin and/or anti-adhesin antibodies, and suggested the potential application of two tag-less proteins for ETEC vaccine development.
Modeling and analysis methodology for aeroelastically tailored chordwise deformable wings

Structural concepts have been created which produce chordwise camber deformation that results in enhanced lift. A wing box can be tailored to utilize each of these with composites. In attempting to optimize the aerodynamic benefits, we have found there are two optimal designs that are of interest. There is a weight optimum which corresponds to the maximum lift per unit structural weight. There is also a lift optimum that corresponds to maximum absolute lift. New structural models, the basic deformation mechanisms that are utilized and typical analytical results are presented. It appears that lift enhancements of sufficient magnitude can be produced to render this type of wing tailoring of practical interest. Experiments and finite element correlations are performed which confirm the validity of the theoretical models utilized.
Randomized Comparison of Strut Coverage between Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Acute Myocardial Infarction at 3-Month Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose This study aimed to compare the effects of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on early neointimal healing assessed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods AMI patients were randomly assigned to either the ticagrelor or clopidogrel arm. After DES implantation, OCT was performed to assess the percentages of uncovered struts immediately after procedure and 3 months later. Results Due to early termination, 83 patients out of 106 initially enrolled patients (24% of planned participants) underwent 3-month OCT. Differences in vascular healing patterns between the two groups, including percentage of uncovered struts on 3-month OCT (9.6% vs. 11.7% in ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel, respectively; p=0.867), neointimal thickness, percentage of malapposed struts, and healing scores did not reach statistical significance. The predictors of uncovered strut on 3-month OCT included greater reference vessel diameter [odds ratio (OR)=1.96, p<0.001] and more malapposed struts (OR=1.12, p=0.003). Conclusion The current study did not explore favorable effect of ticagrelor on 3-month vascular healing after DES implantation. Our findings should only be considered for generating hypothesis, due to insufficient power.
Safe driving: A mobile application for detecting traffic accidents

The Safe Driving Mobile Application is described. It helps the users while driving their cars by alerting them if they exceed the allowed speed through an audio notice. Furthermore, it detects car accidents through an analytical model that integrates measurement data collected from the mobile phone (e.g., monitoring the variation of speed, acoustic waves, and vibration waves), and informs the concerned authorities (rescue teams, police, relatives, etc.) about the place and time of the accident in addition to some personal information about the driver (e.g., full name, telephone number, number of a relative, blood type, plate number, etc.). In addition, it provides to the user real-time information about the current road conditions through push notifications.
Psychotherapie depressiver Störungen als neurobiologischer Prozess – Erkenntnisse aus der Hirnbildgebung

Die Depression – eine der häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen in Deutschland. Dieser Beitrag vermittelt Grundwissen über die Bildgebung in der Psychotherapieforschung und beschreibt Erklärungsmodelle für neurobiologische Prozesse mit der Möglichkeit der Vorhersage des Therapieerfolgs mittels bildgebender Verfahren.
deepNF: deep network fusion for protein function prediction

The prevalence of high-throughput experimental methods has resulted in an abundance of large-scale molecular and functional interaction networks. The connectivity of these networks provide a rich source of information for inferring functional annotations for genes and proteins. An important challenge has been to develop methods for combining these heterogeneous networks to extract useful protein feature representations for function prediction. Most of the existing approaches for network integration use shallow models that cannot capture complex and highly-nonlinear network structures. Thus, we propose deepNF, a network fusion method based on Multimodal Deep Autoencoders to extract high-level features of proteins from multiple heterogeneous interaction networks. We apply this method to combine STRING networks to construct a common low-dimensional representation containing high-level protein features. We use separate layers for different network types in the early stages of the multimodal autoencoder, later connecting all the layers into a single bottleneck layer from which we extract features to predict protein function. We compare the cross-validation and temporal holdout predictive performance of our method with state-of-the-art methods, including the recently proposed method Mashup. Our results show that our method outperforms previous methods for both human and yeast STRING networks. We also show substantial improvement in the performance of our method in predicting GO terms of varying type and specificity. Availability deepNF is freely available at: https://github.com/VGligorijevic/deepNF
The road to Salem

Faculty are the most important contributors to the success of any campus reform initiative, including efforts to redesign developmental education. Prior to May 2015, Dr. Verne Underwood, Chair of the Humanities Department at Rogue Community College (RCC), had some reservations about redesigning the college’s developmental writing course sequence. He was confident in the college’s placement exam’s ability to appropriately assign students to developmental writing courses, and he believed that having three courses in the developmental writing sequence before the transfer-level course meant that the college was meeting students at their current writing level, giving them several steps to get to college-level work.
Measurement tools and outcome measures used in transitional patient safety; a systematic review

Background Patients are at risk for harm when treated simultaneously by healthcare providers from different healthcare organisations. To assess current practice and improvements of transitional patient safety, valid measurement tools are needed. Aim and methods To identify and appraise all measurement tools and outcomes that measure aspects of transitional patient safety, PubMed, Cinahl, Embase and Psychinfo were systematically searched. Two researchers performed the title and abstract and full-text selection. First, publications about validation of measurement tools were appraised for quality following COSMIN criteria. Second, we inventoried all measurement tools and outcome measures found in our search that assessed current transitional patient safety or the effect of interventions targeting transitional patient safety. Results The initial search yielded 8288 studies, of which 18 assessed validity of measurement tools of different aspects of transitional safety, and 191 assessed current transitional patient safety or effect of interventions. In the validated measurement tools, the overall quality of content and structural validity was acceptable; other COSMIN criteria, such as reliability, measurement error and responsiveness, were mostly poor or not reported. In our outcome inventory, the most frequently used validated outcome measure was the Care Transition Measure (n = 9). The most frequently used non-validated outcome measures were: medication discrepancies (n = 98), hospital readmissions (n = 55), adverse events (n = 34), emergency department visits (n = 33), (mental or physical) health status (n = 28), quality and timeliness of discharge summary, and patient satisfaction (n = 23). Conclusions Although no validated measures exist that assess all aspects of transitional patient safety, we found validated measurement tools on specific aspects. Reporting of validity of transitional measurement tools was incomplete. Numerous outcome measures with unknown measurement properties are used in current studies on safety of care transitions, which makes interpretation or comparison of their results uncertain.