Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF DRUG USE AMONG DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVEPATIENTS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL

The major approach to patients? health problems is the use of drugs particularly in the co morbid states. In this study we intend to evaluate the prescribing pattern, determine the nature and extent of irrational drug use and assess rate of medication adherence and reasons for non adherence among patients attending an outpatient clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH) Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. A two fold study was done using 100 case notes belonging to diabetic hypertensive patients of whom 67 patients were available for oral interview on medication adherence. Data on sex, age, groups of medicines prescribed, number of prescriptions and number of medicines occurring per prescription were obtained, World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators were calculated and occurrence of irrational prescribing was detected. Analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2000. Female to male ratio was 1:0.59 and average age + SD of the patients was 63+10 years. Anti diabetics were the most prescribed medicines 1152(31.8%) followed by anti-hypertensives 865(23.9%). Average no of drugs per prescription was 4.7; Percentage of drugs prescribed as generics 40.1%; Percentage of antibiotics and injections per prescription were 9.4% and 2.1% respectively. Extravagant prescribing occurred in 92.7% of the cases. Forty nine (73.1%) were adherent. Cost (63.2%) and forgetfulness915.7%) were reasons for non adherence. Prescribing in this group of patients is sub-optimal, however majority claimed to be adherent. Interventions are needed for health care providers and the patients alike.
Effect of r-Mt-Cpn10 on human osteoblast cells.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 10 (r-Mt-Cpn10) on human osteoblast proliferation, cell cycle, alkaline phosphatase, calcium nodules and the expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor KB Ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG). METHODS Osteoblasts were cultured in the medium with different concentration of r-Mt-Cpn10. No drug was added to the medium in the control group. The effect of r-Mt-Cpn10 on osteoblast proliferation was detected by MTT. The 3rd generation of osteoblasts was taken and detected the effect on the activity of osteoblasts secreted alkaline phosphatase on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 d of cell culture. The effects of different concentrations of r-Mt-Cpn10 on the expression of RANKL and OPG were detected. RESULTS The r-Mt-Cpn10 blocked osteoblasts in the G2/M phase and G1 to S phase. Compared with the control group, the r-Mt-Cpn10 with different concentrations inhibited the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast (P<0.05), the number of calcium nodules formation was significantly reduced. The r-Mt-Cpn10 increased the expression of RANKL in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the expression of OPG (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The inhibition of r-Mt-Cpn10 on the osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity was achieved by osteoblasts arrest in G2/M phase and G1 to S phase, it can also regulate the expression of RANKL and OPG which affecting local bone metabolic balance.
When is temporal lobe epilepsy not temporal lobe epilepsy?

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Temporal plus epilepsy is a major determinant of temporal lobe surgery failures’, by Barba et al. . (doi:10.1093/brain/awv372). Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) originated in France in the 1950s. Bancaud and Talairach, at St. Anne’s Hospital in Paris, introduced this approach to define the 3D extent of dysfunctional brain tissue surrounding intraparenchymal brain tumours, and more specifically, to define epileptogenic brain tissue in patients with pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures (Bancaud et al. , 1975). The approach required a hypothesis that would enable the placement of multiple, mostly unilateral, depth electrodes to sample a reasonably limited number of regions of interest. The results then guided a tailored surgical resection. This technique was adapted by Crandall et al. (1963) at UCLA for patients with suspected mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Crandall, however, used a standardized, bilaterally symmetrical, depth electrode approach, designed to sample those structures known to be primarily involved in generating limbic seizures. Because French law did not allow Bancaud and Talairach to leave their electrodes in place for more than a few hours, their analyses were based on interictal activity, as well as electrically and chemically induced seizures. Crandall, therefore, was the first to perform chronic depth electrode recording, over days and weeks, in order to capture spontaneous ictal events. Because investigators at UCLA had recently developed an EEG telemetry device for NASA to record from chimpanzees orbiting in space, Crandall was also able to use this new technology to establish EEG telemetry for long-term monitoring of epileptic seizures. Data were used to determine that the epileptogenic region was contained within the area of a standardized anterior temporal resection (Falconer, 1953), which was then performed routinely. Two schools of invasive presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery then evolved: the French school, which performed classical SEEG, using multiple electrodes …
Intelligent reconfigurable control of robot manipulators

One approach towards improving the reliability of high-performance robotic systems is to allow for the automatic reconfiguration of the robot's control system to accommodate actuator failure and/or damage. The new concept of the extended plant and its identification in closed loop is introduced for developing a reconfigurable robot manipulator controller. It is made possible through the use of artificial neural networks. A simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed control algorithm.
Differential Changes in the Phosphorylation of the Protein Kinase C Substrates Myristoylated Alanine‐Rich C Kinase Substrate and Growth‐Associated Protein‐43/B‐50 Following Schaffer Collateral Long‐Term Potentiation and Long‐Term Depression

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is one of the biochemical pathways thought to be activated during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the brain, and long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are two of the most extensively studied models of synaptic plasticity. Here we have examined changes in the in situ phosphorylation level of two major PKC substrates, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and growth-associated protein (GAP)-43/B-50, after pharmacological stimulation or induction of LTP or LTD in the CA1 field of the hippocampus. We find that direct PKC activation with phorbol esters, K+-induced depolarization, and activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors increase the in situ phosphorylation of both MARCKS and GAP-43/B-50. The induction of LTP increased the in situ phosphorylation of both MARCKS and GAP-43/B-50 at 10 min following high-frequency stimulation, but only GAP-43/B-50 phosphorylation remained elevated 60 min after LTP induction. Furthermore, blockade of LTP induction with the NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid prevented elevations in GAP-43/B-50 phosphorylation but did not prevent the elevation in MARCKS phosphorylation 10 min following LTP induction. The induction of LTD resulted in a reduction in GAP-43/B-50 phosphorylation but did not affect MARCKS phosphorylation. Together these findings show that activity-dependent synaptic plasticity elicits PKC-mediated phosphorylation of substrate proteins in a highly selective and coordinated manner and demonstrate the compartmentalization of PKC-substrate interactions. Key Words: Protein kinase C-Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-Growth-associated protein-43-Long-term potentiation-Long-term depression-(RS)-alpha-Methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine-D-2-Amino-5-ph osphonopentanoic acid-Glutamate.
The K5 Capsule of Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917 Is Important in Stimulating Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 5, CD14, MyD88, and TRIF Together with the Induction of Interleukin-8 Expression via the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, which has been widely used as a probiotic for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders, expresses a K5 capsule, the expression of which is often associated with extraintestinal and urinary tract isolates of E. coli. Previously, it had been shown that the expression of a K5 capsule by Nissle 1917 was important in mediating interactions with epithelial cells and the extent of chemokine expression. In this paper, we show that infection with Nissle 1917 induces expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR5 in Caco-2 cells and that maximal induction of TLR5 required the K5 capsule. In addition, purified K5 polysaccharide was capable of inducing expression of TLR5 and mCD14 and potentiated the activity of both TLR4 and TLR5 agonists to increase the proinflammatory response. Infection with Nissle 1917 also increased the expression of the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF, which was K5 capsule dependent. By Western blot analysis, it was possible to show that induction of interleukin-8 by Nissle 1917 was predominantly through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway and that expression of the K5 capsule was important for activation of the MAP kinase pathway. This paper provides new information on the function of the K5 capsule in mediating interactions between Nissle 1917 and epithelial cells and the mechanisms that underlie the probiotic properties of Nissle 1917.
Emergence and Collapse of Peace with Friend Selection Strategies

A society consisting of agents who can freely choose to attack or not to attack others inevitably evolves into a battling society (a 'war of all against all'). We investigated whether strategies based on C. Schmitt's concept of the political, the distinction of a friend and an enemy, lead to the emergence and collapse of social order. Especially, we propose 'friend selection strategies' (FSSs), one of which we called the 'us-TFT' (tit for tat) strategy, which requires an agent to regard one who did not attack him or his 'friends' as a 'friend'. We carried out evolutionary simulations on an artificial society consisting of FSS agents. As a result, we found that the us-TFT results in a peaceful society with the emergence of an us-TFT community. In addition, we found that the collapse of a peaceful society is triggered by another FSS strategy called a 'coward'.
Modeling of electrically tunable transmission line phase shifter based on liquid crystal

This paper present the numerical modeling of transmission lines taking into account the special material properties when liquid crystals (LC) are used as steerable anisotropic dielectrics. At first a short introduction of the properties of LC is given as well as the theoretical models used for the physical simulation of LCs in terms of molecular dynamics. Then, a full wave method to analyze the electrical behavior of LC filled waveguide structures is described. The combination of molecular dynamic and full wave simulation allows finally a systematic investigation of these structures.
The use of electron microscopy for the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) gave a great impulse to medical research. After its introduction for biological studies in 1931, several microscopic details from observation of animal and tumor cells by TEM were published starting from 1953. Atlas of diagnostic electron microscopy were successively published (1). TEM represented a useful adjuvant method for careful investigation of subcellular or fine modifications accompanying various pathological conditions, including inflammatory/degenerative (2), genetic (3,4) and neoplastic diseases (5-7).
Anisotropy in the Viscoelastic Response of Knee Meniscus Cartilage

Background The knee meniscus is instrumental to stability, shock absorption, load transmission and stress distribution within the knee joint. Such functions are mechanically demanding, and replacement constructs used in meniscus repair often fail because of a poor match with the surrounding tissue. This study focused on the native structure–mechanics relationships and on their anisotropic behavior in meniscus, to define the target biomechanical viscoelastic properties required by scaffolds upon loading. Methods To show regional orientation of the collagen fibers and their viscoelastic behavior, bovine lateral menisci were characterized by second harmonic generation microscopy and through time-dependent mechanical tests. Furthermore, their dynamic viscoelastic response was analyzed over a wide range of frequencies. Results and conclusions Multilevel characterization aims to expand the biomimetic approach from the structure itself, to include the mechanical characteristics that give the meniscus its peculiar properties, thus providing tools for the design of novel, effective scaffolds. An example of modeling of anisotropic open-cell porous material tailored to fulfill the measured requirements is presented, leading to a definition of additional parameters for a better understanding of the load transmission mechanism and for better scaffold functionality.
The Changing Pattern of Fetal Death, 1961-1988

The aim of this study was to assess any changes in causespecific fetal death rates in the nonreferred population of a tertiary care unit. The fetal death rate (per 1000 births) among 88,651 births diminished from 11.5 in the 1960s to 5.1 in the 1980s. Fetal death due to intrapartum asphyxia and Rh isoimmunization has almost disappeared. Toxemia and diabetes continue to make similar and small contributions to fetal death rates. There has been a significant decline in unexplained antepartum fetal deaths and in those caused by fetal growth retardation, but no significant change in the death rate due to intrauterine infection or abruptio placentae. During the 1960s, the risk of fetal death was increased in women with hypertension, diabetes, or a history of stillbirth; during the 1980s, only women with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes were at risk. Improved application of current knowledge may help decrease the fetal death rate caused by fetal growth retardation. Reduction in deaths due to abruptio placentae, intrauterine infections, or lethal malformations, as well as unexplained antepartum deaths, appears to depend on better understanding of the etiology of these disorders.
Seasonal variation in sexual behavior of all-male rhesus troops.

Free roaming groups of Rhesus monkeys show a clear annual cycle in the incidence of sexual behavior. One hypothesis explaining the control of this cycle is that seasonal variables act directly on females, altering their endocrine status. Aroused females then communicate their sexual receptivity to male group members. The sexual behavior of 35 male Rhesus was observed during the non-mating and the mating season. All animals were maintained in large outdoor enclosures. One group of males (N = 7) were housed with females and juveniles as part of a breeding group. A second group of males (N = 8) had visual contact with the members of the breeding group, and a third group of males (N = 20) had no contact with either of these groups. During the non-mating season no sexual behavior was observed. At the onset of the mating season, the males with females displayed evidence of hormonal arousal and became sexually active. The males with visual contact with the breeding group also evidenced hormonal arousal and began engaging in male-to-male sexual activity. The males in the third group showed no sign of sexual arousal. These findings support the hypothesis that seasonal influences act only on females; and demonstrate that females can communicate their endocrine status to males, even without direct physical contact.
A Giant Virus in Amoebae

During a study following a pneumonia outbreak in 1992, a microorganism growing in amoebae and resembling a small Gram-positive coccus ([Fig. 1][1]A) was isolated from the water of a cooling tower in Bradford, England. Despite attempts with various extraction protocols and low-stringency polymerase
German Community Pastors' Contact with Palliative Care Patients and Collaboration with Health Care Professionals

ABSTRACT The current level of palliative care in Germany is unsatisfactory. Health care professionals view the psychosocial support of patients and families and the collaboration amongst the different care providers as the main deficiencies. In this context little is known about the viewpoints of community pastors who might have an important role in providing psychosocial and spiritual care for patients at home. In order to study their perspectives we performed 76 standardized telephone interviews with Protestant and Catholic pastors and examined how much contact pastors had with palliative care patients; their views of the collaboration with health care professionals; and how the pastors assessed their own skills in palliative care. Forty-one percent of respondents had no contact with any palliative care patients. The majority perceived collaboration with family doctors to be insufficient. The pastors assessed their own skills concerning palliative care predominantly as “satisfactory”. Our findings suggest that community pastors' participation in the delivery of palliative care in Germany might be encouraged by specialized training and intensified contact with health care professionals.
Seasonal variation of disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus in Finland: a 1 year follow up study

Objectives: To study the role of different seasons in the disease activity of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Additionally, to evaluate whether the outdoor behaviour during the summer or a photoprovocation test affects disease activity. Methods: 33 patients with SLE were examined by a rheumatologist and a dermatologist at a university hospital in winter, spring, and summer. The activity of SLE was assessed by the ECLAM index. Their outdoor behaviour was recorded by a questionnaire during the summer. In the winter, 12 patients were photoprovoked by ultraviolet A and B radiation on a small skin area. Results: The ECLAM scores were higher in spring and tended to be higher in summer than in winter (p = 0.006 and p = 0.051). This finding, as well as the outdoor behaviour, were independent of the patients’ own impression of their photosensitivity. Overall, the sun protection actions were inadequate. The photoprovocation had no statistical effect on disease activity, but one patient had a violent exacerbation of SLE manifestations shortly after the photoprovocation. Conclusions: In the northern climate SLE may be activated during the sunny season. Therefore, more effort should be focused on sun protection of patients with SLE.
A Secure Roaming Payment Protocol in Mobile Commerce

During the last few years, it has become more and more conpeling in mobile commerce applications, mobile commerce technology is convenient, but also produces a series of security compromise. Payment is an important part of the network security. In this paper, we proposed a secure roaming payment protocol based on IBS, which considers effective mutual authentication between customer and the forge in domain bank and realizes roaming payment. Based on IBS signature, a signature and verification scheme is designed in one round mutual authentication and roaming payment. Security analysis shows, basing on the security of IBS, the proposed protocol with universally compos able(UC)model", "it proves that the proposed protocol satisfies the definition of UC security defined in the UC model. scheme is sufficient for private key privacy, signature unforgeability.
The Fibronectin Type 3-Like Repeat from the Clostridium thermocellum Cellobiohydrolase CbhA Promotes Hydrolysis of Cellulose by Modifying Its Surface

ABSTRACT Fibronectin type 3 homology domains (Fn3) as found in the cellobiohydrolase CbhA of Clostridium thermocellum are common among bacterial extracellular glycohydrolases. The function of these domains is not clear. CbhA is modular and composed of an N-terminal family IV carbohydrate-binding domain (CBDIV), an immunoglobulin-like domain, a family 9 glycosyl hydrolase catalytic domain (Gh9), two Fn3-like domains (Fn31,2), a family III carbohydrate-binding domain (CBDIII), and a dockerin domain. Efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis by truncated forms of CbhA increased in the following order: Gh9 (lowest efficiency), Gh9-Fn31,2 (more efficient), and Gh9-Fn31,2-CBDIII (greatest efficiency). Thermostability of the above constructs decreased in the following order: Gh9 (most stable), Gh9-Fn31,2, and then Gh9-Fn31,2-CBDIII (least stable). Mixing of Orpinomyces endoglucanase CelE with Fn31,2, or Fn31,2-CBDIII increased efficiency of hydrolysis of acid-swollen cellulose (ASC) and filter paper. Scanning electron microscopic studies of filter paper treated with Fn31,2, Fn31,2-CBDIII, or CBDIII showed that the surface of the cellulose fibers had been loosened up and crenellated by Fn31,2 and Fn31,2-CBDIII and to a lesser extent by CBDIII. X-ray diffraction analysis did not reveal changes in the crystallinity of the filter paper. CBDIII bound to ASC and filter paper with capacities of 2.45 and 0.73 μmoles g−1 and relative affinities (Kr) of 1.12 and 2.13 liters g−1, respectively. Fn31,2 bound weakly to both celluloses. Fn31,2-CBD bound to ASC and filter paper with capacities of 3.22 and 0.81 μmoles g−1 and Krs of 1.14 and 1.98 liters g−1, respectively. Fn31,2 and CBDIII contained 2 and 1 mol of calcium per mol, respectively. The results suggest that Fn31,2 aids the hydrolysis of cellulose by modifying its surface. This effect is enhanced by the presence of CBDIII, which increases the concentration of Fn31,2 on the cellulose surface.
Deep unsupervised learning from speech

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have become hugely successful in recent years we have become accustomed to speech interfaces across all kinds of devices. However, despite the huge impact ASR has had on the way we interact with technology, it is out of reach for a significant portion of the world’s population. This is because these systems rely on a variety of manually-generated resources like transcripts and pronunciation dictionaries that can be both expensive and difficult to acquire. In this thesis, we explore techniques for learning about speech directly from speech, with no manually generated transcriptions. Such techniques have the potential to revolutionize speech technologies for the vast majority of the world’s population. The cognitive science and computer science communities have both been investing increasing time and resources into exploring this problem. However, a full unsupervised speech recognition system is a hugely complicated undertaking and is still a long ways away. As in previous work, we focus on the lower-level tasks which will underlie an eventual unsupervised speech recognizer. We specifically focus on two tasks: developing linguistically meaningful representations of speech and segmenting speech into phonetic units. This thesis approaches these tasks from a new direction: deep learning. While modern deep learning methods have their roots in ideas from the 1960s and even earlier, deep learning techniques have recently seen a resurgence, thanks to huge increases in computational power and new efficient learning algorithms. Deep learning algorithms have been instrumental in the recent progress of traditional supervised speech recognition; here, we extend that work to unsupervised learning from speech. Thesis Supervisor: James R. Glass Title: Senior Research Scientist