Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Olefin metathesis: the early days (Nobel Lecture).

At no time in my life did I dream of such a Prize. Indeed, as I explained in my biography, I had no training in research as such and as a consequence I am in a sense self-taught. What I owe to the Institut Français du Pétrole is some freedom to choose my research area. I have always been an avid reader of chemical literature, eager for what is new. Like all sciences, chemistry is marked by magic moments. For someone fortunate enough to live such a moment, it is an instant of intense emotion: an immense field of investigation suddenly opens up before you. There were very many of these moments in the course of my career. For example, the discovery of ferrocene, the stereospecific polymerization of olefins by G. Natta (I never failed to read any of his articles! ), the homogeneous catalysis of hydrogenation by rhodium complexes (G. Wilkinson), the homogeneous catalysis of dimerization of olefins by nickel complexes (G. Wilke and B. Bogdanovic) and the catalysis of asymmetric hydrogenation. I experienced the latter with an especially keen intensity because we were in very close touch with Henri Kagan, who came every month to tell us about his chemistry; it was outstanding! And 1964 was an especially magical year (Figure 1): a revelation for me, by R.L. Banks of Phillips Petroleum, of the disproportionation of olefins catalyzed by a molybdenumor tungsten-based heterogeneous catalyst deposited on alumina, the homogeneous catalysis of polymerization of cyclopentene by ring opening, published by G. Natta, the existence of a new metal-carbon bond, the carbenes of E.O. Fischer. A priori these three had nothing in common. The disproportionation of linear olefins, since called metathesis, is a equilibrated reaction, governed basically by entropy. This is doubtless why, from the start, “pairwise mechanisms” was favored (Figure 2), which assume a perfect symmetry of the reaction intermediates. In addition, these intermediates are based on the only bonds known at the time: bonds and bonds between hydrocarbons and transition metals. Other mechanisms were proposed (Figure 3). The polymerization of cyclopentene into polypentenylene, for its part, is
Adaboost Discret Hétérogène à Contrainte Temps Réel : Application à la Détection de Piétons par Stéréovision

Cet article presente une methode de detection de pietons basee sur la combinaison de classifieurs d'apparence et de profondeur. Des travaux recents ont montre l'interet de cette approche. Nous proposons deux contributions : 1) une etude comparative de differents classifieurs de profondeur, dans laquelle nous montrons que les meilleures performances sont atteintes par un classifieur simple, base sur la moyenne des distances dans une sous-fenetre de la region testee et 2) une adaptation de l'algorithme d'apprentissage Adaboost prenant en compte des classifieurs heterogenes en terme de cout algorithmique. L'objectif de cette approche est de construire un classifieur a la fois performant en terme de taux de detection et de temps d'execution. Nous montrons la pertinence de l'algorithme ainsi developpe sur des sequences d'images reelles
Identification and Characterization of Five New Fibrinogen Gene Polymorphisms

Abstract: It is clear that plasma fibrinogen levels are strongly influenced by genetic factors. To date 14 polymorphic sites have been identified within the fibrinogen gene cluster, mainly by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single‐stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses. Since elevated plasma fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, these and other polymorphisms are of practical interest in defining haplotypes that correlate with fibrinogen levels. Here, DNA sequencing of fibrinogen genes from four patients led to the identification of 17 variations from the published sequence. Nine of these occurred in all chromosomes sequenced and were considered to be errors in the published data. Of the remaining eight, five represented novel variations, three having been previously described. The population frequency of the five novel variations, together with six known polymorphisms, was estimated by genotyping 50 normal individuals at each locus. The five new variations were all found at polymorphic frequencies in this group. Two of these new polymorphisms, Bβ intron 2 and Bβ codon 159, belong to the Bβ linkage group defined by Behague et al., 1 since their rare alleles occurred in complete concordance with the rare alleles of BβMnl I and BβBcl I. Calculation of pairwise linkage disequilibrium coefficients showed that the three remaining novel polymorphisms, AαDde I, BβHinf I, and γ intron 9 exhibited linkage equilibrium with respect to all other loci examined, including nearby polymorphisms that are themselves in strong linkage disequilibrium. This data indicates that these polymorphisms occur randomly with respect to background haplotype, and suggests that they are mutational hot spots.
Development of an Adjuvant-Free Cashew Nut Allergy Mouse Model

Background: Cashew nut allergy is an emerging food allergy with a high risk of systemic anaphylaxis. Currently, an adjuvant-free animal model to study cashew nut allergy is not available. Methods: BALB/c mice were exposed to cashew nut protein using a transdermal sensitization protocol that does not use adjuvant. Systemic IgE antibody response, systemic anaphylaxis to oral challenge and allergen-driven, spleen-cell, type-2 cytokine responses were studied. Results: Transdermal exposure to cashew nut resulted in a significant dose-dependent allergic response. Oral challenge of sensitized mice with cashew resulted in severe signs of systemic anaphylaxis and a significant hypothermia. Spleen cell culture with cashew nut protein resulted in allergen-driven IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 responses only in sensitized but not in saline control mice. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that (i) transdermal exposure to cashew nut protein elicits a robust IgE response leading to clinical sensitization of mice for systemic anaphylaxis to oral cashew nut challenge; (ii) cashew nut is a potent activator of type-2 cytokines, thus explaining the mechanism of cashew allergy, and (iii) this mouse model may be useful for further basic and preclinical studies on cashew nut allergy.
Research of standard handwritten English letters recognition system based on the PSO-BP neural network

The Particle swarm optimizer is intelligent searching in space to find the optimal solutions through the cooperation and competition between particles, being based on the theory of swarm intelligence global optimization algorithm. Its advantage is that simple operation and easy achievement. In this paper, a new algorithm PSO- BP was studied, giving full play to both of the particle swarm algorithm of global optimization ability and BP algorithm's local search advantage, and compared identification of 140 pixels of English letters together with BP algorithm. Experimental results show that particle swarm algorithm used for the optimization of the neural network has a faster convergence speed, and simpler algorithm.
A novel emulator design for phase change memory cell

This paper presents a novel LTSPICE based Phase Change Memory (PCM) cell emulator model, using only off the shelf discrete electronic components. The electrical based model simulates not only the continuous resistance change (as corresponding to amorphous and crystalline phases), but also the temperature profile across the cell during programming, while assessing the impact of the programming time. The designed emulator circuit is able to fully characterize the holding voltage and generate the standard I-V characteristic curve of a PCM cell, and possesses the operational features of an actual PCM element. The simulation results are found to be in close agreement to experimental data.
Incidence Rate of Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Southern Africa: A Prospective Multicohort Study

Background:The risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) among HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not well defined in resource-limited settings. We studied KS incidence rates and associated risk factors in children and adults on ART in Southern Africa. Methods:We included patient data of 6 ART programs in Botswana, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We estimated KS incidence rates in patients on ART measuring time from 30 days after ART initiation to KS diagnosis, last follow-up visit, or death. We assessed risk factors (age, sex, calendar year, WHO stage, tuberculosis, and CD4 counts) using Cox models. Findings:We analyzed data from 173,245 patients (61% female, 8% children aged <16 years) who started ART between 2004 and 2010. Five hundred and sixty-four incident cases were diagnosed during 343,927 person-years (pys). The overall KS incidence rate was 164/100,000 pys [95% confidence interval (CI): 151 to 178]. The incidence rate was highest 30–90 days after ART initiation (413/100,000 pys; 95% CI: 342 to 497) and declined thereafter [86/100,000 pys (95% CI: 71 to 105), >2 years after ART initiation]. Male sex [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.61], low current CD4 counts (≥500 versus <50 cells/&mgr;L, adjusted HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.55), and age (5–9 years versus 30–39 years, adjusted HR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.79) were relevant risk factors for developing KS. Interpretation:Despite ART, KS risk in HIV-infected persons in Southern Africa remains high. Early HIV testing and maintaining high CD4 counts is needed to further reduce KS-related morbidity and mortality.
À quoi pensent les institutions ? - Théorisation et institutionnalisation du champ de l’économie collaborative

Cet article developpe une approche cognitive et discursive des institutions. Par une analyse des discours d’entrepreneurs, les auteurs identifient quatre traditions theoriques qui sous-tendent l’emergence de l’economie collaborative. Ils revelent ainsi les tensions qui traversent ce champ, et formulent des propositions pour l’analyse des processus d’institutionnalisation de champs emergents marques par la coexistence de plusieurs referentiels theoriques et normatifs.
Non-destructive testing of complex permittivity using a slot antenna

A planar resonant slot antenna with a ground plane aperture was developed for nondestructive testing of planar dielectric materials. Using an existing design methodology, a circuit was developed where the complex permittivity could be determined from the shift of the resonant frequency and knowledge of the thickness of the test substrate. The device was simulated using the method of moments and these simulations validated experimentally. The electric field around the aperture has also been investigated by simulation and measurement. It was found that the substrate manufacturers' values for the permittivity and tan /spl delta/ and the values as determined using this work are in agreement. In addition, the permittivity of carbon fibre composite (CFC) and nanoclay polymer substrates has also been investigated using this method.
Prediction of Peaks of Seasonal Influenza in Military Health-Care Data

Influenza is a highly contagious disease that causes seasonal epidemics with significant morbidity and mortality. The ability to predict influenza peak several weeks in advance would allow for timely preventive public health planning and interventions to be used to mitigate these outbreaks. Because influenza may also impact the operational readiness of active duty personnel, the US military places a high priority on surveillance and preparedness for seasonal outbreaks. A method for creating models for predicting peak influenza visits per total health-care visits (ie, activity) weeks in advance has been developed using advanced data mining techniques on disparate epidemiological and environmental data. The model results are presented and compared with those of other popular data mining classifiers. By rigorously testing the model on data not used in its development, it is shown that this technique can predict the week of highest influenza activity for a specific region with overall better accuracy than other methods examined in this article.
JAK inhibitors for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms and other disorders

JAK inhibitors have been developed following the discovery of the JAK2V617F in 2005 as the driver mutation of the majority of non- BCR-ABL1 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Subsequently, the search for JAK2 inhibitors continued with the discovery that the other driver mutations ( CALR and MPL) also exhibited persistent JAK2 activation. Several type I ATP-competitive JAK inhibitors with different specificities were assessed in clinical trials and exhibited minimal hematologic toxicity. Interestingly, these JAK inhibitors display potent anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, JAK inhibitors targeting preferentially JAK1 and JAK3 have been developed to treat inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease. Ten years after the beginning of clinical trials, only two drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one JAK2/JAK1 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) in intermediate-2 and high-risk myelofibrosis and hydroxyurea-resistant or -intolerant polycythemia vera and one JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor (tofacitinib) in methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. The non-approved compounds exhibited many off-target effects leading to neurological and gastrointestinal toxicities, as seen in clinical trials for MPNs. Ruxolitinib is a well-tolerated drug with mostly anti-inflammatory properties. Despite a weak effect on the cause of the disease itself in MPNs, it improves the clinical state of patients and increases survival in myelofibrosis. This limited effect is related to the fact that ruxolitinib, like the other type I JAK2 inhibitors, inhibits equally mutated and wild-type JAK2 (JAK2WT) and also the JAK2 oncogenic activation. Thus, other approaches need to be developed and could be based on either (1) the development of new inhibitors specifically targeting JAK2V617F or (2) the combination of the actual JAK2 inhibitors with other therapies, in particular with molecules targeting pathways downstream of JAK2 activation or the stability of JAK2 molecule. In contrast, the strong anti-inflammatory effects of the JAK inhibitors appear as a very promising therapeutic approach for many inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.
Nosologic Comparisons of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine prevalences and concordances between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), and Fifth Edition (DSM-5) substance use disorders (SUDs) in a newly completed U.S. epidemiologic survey. METHOD The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III surveyed 36,309 civilian, noninstitutionalized adults. SUDs were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5. Concordances between DSM-IV and DSM-5 disorders were assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS Prevalences of past-year substance-specific DSM-5 disorders (2+ criteria) were modestly higher than those of DSM-IV dependence and abuse combined for alcohol, sedatives/tranquilizers, opioids, and heroin, but lower for cannabis, cocaine, and stimulants. Lifetime prevalences were lower under DSM-5. Prevalences were similar between moderate to severe (4+ criteria) DSM-5 disorders and dependence, whereas prevalences of DSM-5 disorders at 3+ criteria (DSM-5 [3+]) were higher, particularly for cannabis. Past-year concordances were excellent for DSM-IV dependence and abuse combined versus any DSM-5 and DSM-IV dependence versus DSM-5 moderate to severe disorders; lifetime concordances were fair to excellent. Past-year concordances between DSM-IV and DSM-5 (3+) were generally similar to or modestly higher than those with any DSM-5 disorder; lifetime concordances were mostly lower. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with those informing the development of DSM-5. Future research should examine differences in patterns between past-year and lifetime disorders, particularly for cannabis. Other questions warranting investigation include whether different combinations of the same numbers of criteria carry different clinical or nosologic implications, whether changes innosology yield changes in treatment demand, and whether changes in characteristics of individuals with DSM-5 SUDs dictate modifications to screening and intervention.
Mécanismes d'Attention Visuelle sur Rétine Programmable

L'Attention Visuelle est la capacite d'un syst eme de vision, qu'il soit humain ou artificiel, ` a selectionner rapidement les informations les plus pertinentes de l'environnement dans lequel il op ere. Le role principal de ce mecanisme est d' accelerer le processus de vision, en reduisant sensiblement la quantite d'informations visuelles qui sera traitee par les tâches de plus haut niveau. Cependant, les methodes mises en oeuvre dans la litterature sont generalement tr es couteuses en operations de bas/moyen niveau. Les retines numeriques programmables, grâce a leur parallelisme massif, sont tr es bien adaptees pour de telles tâches. L'implantation d'une approche attentionnelle bio inspiree sur une retine programmable, implique neanmoins la prise en compte de contextes architectural et algorithmique radicalement differents. Dans cet article, nous presentons les etapes d'implantation d'un mod ele informatique d'Attention Visuelle base sur les cartes de saillance, sur la retine programmable PVLSAR34. La demarche algorithmique est donc massivementparali ele, et les traitements sont fortement fondes sur des notions de multi-´ echelle. Mots cles : Attention Visuelle, retine programmable, cartes de saillance, traitement multi-´ echelle.
Functional Interactions between the G′ Subdomain of Bacterial Translation Factor EF-G and Ribosomal Protein L7/L12*

Protein L7/L12 of the bacterial ribosome plays an important role in activating the GTP hydrolytic activity of elongation factor G (EF-G), which promotes ribosomal translocation during protein synthesis. Previously, we cross-linked L7/L12 from two residues (209 and 231) flanking α-helix AG′ in the G′ subdomain of Escherichia coli EF-G. Here we report kinetic studies on the functional effects of mutating three neighboring glutamic acid residues (224, 228, and 231) to lysine, either singly or in combination. Two single mutations (E224K and E228K), both within helix AG′, caused large defects in GTP hydrolysis and smaller defects in ribosomal translocation. Removal of L7/L12 from the ribosome strongly reduced the activities of wild type EF-G but had no effect on the activities of the E224K and E228K mutants. Together, these results provide evidence for functionally important interactions between helix AG′ of EF-G and L7/L12 of the ribosome.
Estudio de genes y proteínas de autofagia en tumores del sistema nervioso central

El glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) es el tumor maligno del sistema nervioso central mas comun en adultos. Se trata de un astrocitoma de grado IV con elevada heterogeneidad morfologica y genetica caracterizado por tener una proliferacion celular incontrolada, elevada capacidad de infiltracion, angiogenesis robusta, resistencia a la apoptosis, propension al desarrollo de focos necroticos y alta inestabilidad genomica. A pesar del creciente conocimiento de este tumor, tanto a nivel genetico como molecular, el glioblastoma multiforme es uno de los tumores humanos mas letales y el pronostico de los pacientes continua siendo desfavorable, con una supervivencia aproximada de un ano tras el diagnostico. La autofagia es un sistema de degradacion intracelular altamente regulado por el cual proteinas de larga vida, organulos o incluso patogenos son absorbidos por vesiculas de doble membrana llamadas autofagosomas y trasportados hasta el lisosoma, donde seran degradados. Tras esto, las macromoleculas resultantes seran translocadas al citosol donde se reciclaran. Se sabe que la autofagia desempena un papel importante en el desarrollo de enfermedades, incluyendo enfermedades neurodegenerativas, cardiovasculares, inflamatorias, hepaticas, diabetes y cancer, donde puede tanto promover como inhibir la tumorigenesis. Es por ello que la modulacion del proceso autofagico, tanto para inhibirlo como para hiperactivarlo, podria ser una interesante opcion terapeutica en tumores y, en particular, en glioblastoma multiforme. El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar si la autofagia podria estar relacionada especificamente con el desarrollo y la evolucion del glioblastoma multiforme y podria ser considerada una nueva diana terapeutica para esta enfermedad. Para ello hemos analizado diferentes variantes polimorficas en genes de autofagia como posibles factores relacionados con la susceptibilidad a padecer glioblastoma multiforme; hemos analizado la expresion de proteinas de la maquinaria autofagica en pacientes con glioblastomas y astrocitomas de bajo grado para profundizar en el conocimiento del proceso de autofagia y determinar posibles biomarcadores pronosticos y diagnosticos de dichos tumores que ayuden a predecir su desarrollo y evolucion y, por ultimo, hemos analizado el efecto de los farmacos moduladores de la autofagia Panobinostat®, cloroquina, metformina, paclitaxel, y las sinergias Panobinostat® + cloroquina, 5-aza-2’-desoxicitidina + cloroquina y 5-aza-2’-desoxicitidina + metformina en lineas tumorales de glioblastoma multiforme para determinar nuevas estrategias terapeuticas en el tratamiento de este tumor.
A Hybrid Approach Using PSO and K-Means for Semantic Clustering of Web Documents

With the massive growth and large volume of the web it is very difficult to recover results based on the user preferences. The next generation web architecture, semantic web reduces the burden of the user by performing search based on semantics instead of keywords. Even in the context of semantic technologies optimization problem occurs but rarely considered. In this paper Document clustering is applied to recover relevant documents. We propose a ontology based clustering algorithm using semantic similarity measure and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO), which is applied to the annotated documents for optimizing the result. The proposed method uses Jena API and GATE tool API and the documents can be recovered based on their annotation features and relations. A preliminary experiment comparing the proposed method with K-Means shows that the proposed method is feasible and performs better than K-Means.