Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct CVD Graphene Growth on Semiconductors and Dielectrics for Transfer‐Free Device Fabrication

Graphene is the most broadly discussed and studied two‐dimensional material because of its preeminent physical, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties. Until now, metal‐catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely employed for the scalable production of high‐quality graphene. However, in order to incorporate the graphene into electronic devices, a transfer process from metal substrates to targeted substrates is inevitable. This process usually results in contamination, wrinkling, and breakage of graphene samples ‐ undesirable in graphene‐based technology and not compatible with industrial production. Therefore, direct graphene growth on desired semiconductor and dielectric substrates is considered as an effective alternative. Over the past years, there have been intensive investigations to realize direct graphene growth using CVD methods without the catalytic role of metals. Owing to the low catalytic activity of non‐metal substrates for carbon precursor decomposition and graphene growth, several strategies have been designed to facilitate and engineer graphene fabrication on semiconductors and insulators. Here, those developed strategies for direct CVD graphene growth on semiconductors and dielectrics for transfer‐free fabrication of electronic devices are reviewed. By employing these methods, various graphene‐related structures can be directly prepared on desired substrates and exhibit excellent performance, providing versatile routes for varied graphene‐based materials fabrication.
Major shifts in corneal transplantation procedures in north China: 5316 eyes over 12 years

Aims: To investigate the major shifts in the ratio of lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) to penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and in the preoperative indications for each procedure. Methods: Medical records of patients who received LKP and/or PKP at Shandong Eye Institute between 1996 and 2007 were categorised and reviewed. The time period was divided into intervals of 1996–8, 1999–2001, 2002–4 and 2005–7. Results: A total of 4346 patients (5316 eyes) with integrated clinical records were included in the study. LKPs and PKPs were performed on 1558 eyes (29.3%) and 3758 eyes (70.7%), respectively. Within the first 3-year interval, the top three indications for LKP were chemical burns, keratoconus and corneal dermoid; the top reasons for PKP were viral keratitis, suppurative keratitis and corneal scarring. Within the last interval, suppurative keratitis, keratoconus and viral keratitis became most common indications for LKP and suppurative keratitis, viral keratitis and bullous keratopathy for PKP. The ratio of LKP to PKP operations tended to increase. Conclusion: Following proper indications, the use of LKP has increased in number in north China and has become particularly frequent in the management of corneal infections, keratoconus, corneal degeneration, and stromal dystrophy.
Niveau de competence des interlocuteurs et repartition de l'initiative dans des dialogues de consultation

L'objectif de ce travail est de systematiser l'etude de la repartition de l'initiative entre les deux interlocuteurs d'un dialogue, et d'examiner si, lors de dialogues de consultation, la competence de celui qui consulte a une influence sur cette repartition de l'initiative. Apres une introduction de la litterature portant sur la structure des dialogues et la repartition de l'initiative, notre propre analyse est presentee. Le corpus analyse est compose de 17 dialogues telephoniques entre des clients confrontes a un probleme d'utilisation d'automate programmable, et des experts en automatique sollicites pour resoudre le probleme. Apres avoir defini les unites minimales d'analyse (c'est-a-dire les actes de langage utilises), nous avons determine des unites plus larges, les sequences, qui permettent de rendre compte de la structure des dialogues. Nous en distinguons deux types: des sequences "premieres" et des sequences "enchassees" qui viennent se greffer sur les sequences premieres. Une definition operationnelle de l'initiative est etablie a partir de ces differents types de sequences, chaque type etant dote d'un certain degre d'initiative en fonction de sa nature plus ou moins initiatrice ou reactive. On quantifie alors l'initiative prise par chaque interlocuteur dans un dialogue en sommant le degre d'initiative des sequences qu'il introduit sur l'ensemble du dialogue. Une representation graphique met en valeur la structure des dialogues en terme de sequences. Cette representation permet de visualiser rapidement la nature lineaire ou decoupee des dialogues, la repartition de l'initiative entre les deux interlocuteurs et l'evolution de cette repartition. A partir de la definition operationnelle de l'initiative, une comparaison quantitative (completee par une analyse qualitative) de nos deux types de dialogues (avec client competent et avec client peu competent) amene a valider l'hypothese selon laquelle la competence de celui qui consulte un expert influe sur la rl'obtition de l'initiative entre les deux interlocuteurs. En effet, les resultats indiquent que les clients competents ont davantage l'initiative du dialogue que les experts, tandis que la repartition de l'initiave entre les clients peu competents et les experts est equilibree. On observe en outre que c'est l'expert qui decide de cette repartition puisque, si, par exemple, au debut du dialogue, il evalue a tort que son interlocuteur est peu competent, il ne lui "laisse" pas l'initiative. Ce type d'etude sur la structure des dialogues est indispensable pour la mise au point de systemes de dialogue intelligents, ces derniers necessitant une formalisation de la structure des interactions. De plus, les systemes de dialogue conviviaux doivent pouvoir adapter leur facon d'interagir en fonction des differents types d'utilisateurs; l'etude de la repartition de l'initiative dans les dialogues naturels fournit des indications pertinentes sur une modalite d'adaptation possible.
GaN HEMT based rectifier for spacecraft health monitoring system using microwave wireless power transfer

High power operable and miniaturized rectifier is one of the most important issues for spacecraft health monitoring system. This is because the flexibility of location, number, and power consumption regarding sensor tag is indispensable for reliable health monitoring. Previous single rectifiers focusing on schottky diode are unsuitable since operating at high power and considering integrated MMIC sensor tags are quite difficult. This research proposes GaN HEMT based rectifier for these issues due to its excellent properties such as structurally-preferable for MMIC, and suitable for high power operation. Design and evaluation of GaN HEMT based rectifier and an experiment using the rectifier and a thermal sensor with microwave wireless power transfer has been conducted. The proposed rectifier can be operated with 47 dBm input RF signal.
A Fundamental Study of Applying Wind Turbines for Power System Frequency Control

As wind penetration increases in power systems around the world, new challenges to the controllability and operation of a power system are encountered. In particular, frequency response is impacted when a considerable amount of power-electronics interfaced generation, such as wind, is connected to the system. This paper uses small-signal analysis and dynamic simulation to study frequency response in power systems and investigate how Type-3 DFAG wind turbines can impact this response on a test power system, whose frequency response is determined mainly by a frequency-regulation mode. By operating the wind turbines in a deloaded mode, a proposed pitch-angle controller is designed using a root-locus analysis. Time simulations are used to demonstrate the transient and steady-state performance of the proposed controller in the test system with 25% and 50% wind penetration.
Absolute entropies from molecular dynamics simulation trajectories

A heuristic formula for calculating absolute entropies from the covariance matrix of atom-positional fluctuations was extensively tested. Because of its heuristic nature, the results obtained are compared to analytical expressions for an ensemble of harmonic oscillators, for the ideal gas, and to numerical results obtained from the equation of state for the Lennard-Jones fluid as a means of validation of the approximate formula for the entropy. The formula yields rather accurate results. The removal of translational and rotational rigid body motion and the effect of the various fitting procedures involved are discussed for the more realistic system of a β-heptapeptide in solution.
Compensatory Mutations in E 1 , p 7 , NS 2 , and NS 3 Enhance Yields of Cell Culture-Infectious Intergenotypic Chimeric Hepatitis C Virus

There is little understanding of mechanisms underlying the assembly and release of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) from cultured cells. Cells transfected with synthetic genomic RNA from a unique genotype 2a virus (JFH1) produce high titers of virus, while virus yields are much lower with a prototype genotype 1a RNA containing multiple cell culture-adaptive mutations (H77S). To characterize the basis for this difference in infectious particle production, we constructed chimeric genomes encoding the structural proteins of H77S within the background of JFH1. RNAs encoding polyproteins fused at the NS2/NS3 junction (“H-NS2/NS3-J”) and at a site of natural, intergenotypic recombination within NS2 [“H-(NS2)-J”] produced infectious virus. In contrast, no virus was produced by a chimera fused at the p7-NS2 junction. Chimera H-NS2/NS3-J virus (vH-NS2/NS3-J) recovered from transfected cultures contained compensatory mutations in E1 and NS3 that were essential for the production of infectious virus, while yields of infectious vH-(NS2)-J were enhanced by mutations within p7 and NS2. These compensatory mutations were chimera specific and did not enhance viral RNA replication or polyprotein processing; thus, they likely compensate for incompatibilities between proteins of different genotypes at sites of interactions essential for virus assembly and/or release. Mutations in p7 and NS2 acted additively and increased the specific infectivity of vH-(NS2)-J particles, while having less impact on the numbers of particles released. We conclude that interactions between NS2 and E1 and p7 as well as between NS2 and NS3 are essential for virus assembly and/or release and that each of these viral proteins plays an important role in this process.
Design and characterization of a HMPPT technique for PV applications

In the last years, with the focus on greener sources of power, photovoltaic has become an important source of power for a wide range of applications. Even with higher efficiency and lower cost, the goal remains to maximize the power from the PV system under various lighting and temperature conditions. In PV applications, under mismatching conditions, the Maximum Power Point Tracking technique both to regulate the voltages of the PV modules of the array and the DC input voltage of the inverter is used. In this paper a new hybrid method based on the periodic scan of the Power vs. Voltage characteristic at the input of the inverter is presented to improve the performance of MPPT for solar PV system. Its main advantages are the high MPPT efficiency and the high speed of tracking. Design, simulation and laboratory characterization of the presented technique are discussed.
Pyrosequencing reveals a contrasted bacterial diversity between oak rhizosphere and surrounding soil.

Several reports have highlighted that forest soil samples are more phylum-rich than agricultural soil samples. However, little is known about the structure and richness of the bacterial communities in forest soil. Using high-throughput next generation 454 pyrosequencing, we deeply investigated the diversity of bacterial communities colonizing the oak rhizosphere niche and the surrounding soil. From three spatially independent soil samples, we obtained over 300 000 partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. The most abundant bacterial groups were the Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and unclassified bacteria. Multifactorial analysis of the relative proportions of the different phyla revealed a net differentiation of the bacterial communities present in the rhizosphere and soil environments, suggesting an oak rhizosphere effect. Significantly more β-, γ- and unclassified Proteobacteria inhabited the rhizosphere when compared with the surrounding soil. Conversely, significantly more unclassified bacteria were detected in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere, demonstrating that the soil remains a challenging reservoir of complexity. This work increases our understanding of the niche effect on bacterial diversity and on the rare phylogenetic groups inhabiting the soil.
Heart rate response to intravenous catheter placement.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between change in heart rate and pain and anxiety caused by intravenous catheter (IV) placement. METHODS An observational study was performed in a university-based tertiary care emergency department. Patients who required IV placement as part of their management were considered as possible subjects. Heart rates were recorded at the following times: baseline, tourniquet placement, and IV placement. Immediately after IV placement, subjects recorded pain and anxiety scores using 100-mm visual analog scales. Percentage change in heart rate (compared with baseline) was calculated at time of tourniquet placement (anxiety) and IV placement (pain). Simple linear regression analyses were performed comparing pain scores with percent change in heart rate at the time of IV and tourniquet placement. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS Ninety subjects were enrolled. Subjects had a mean age of 48 years, and 54% were women. There was a normal distribution of heart rate changes, with greater than 80% of all subjects having a 10% or less change in heart rates. The results of the analysis of pain scores versus percentage change in heart rate at IV placement yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.13 (p = 0.2). The results of the analysis of anxiety scores versus percentage change in heart rate at tourniquet placement yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.014 (p = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Changes in heart rate do not correlate with pain and anxiety associated with IV placement.
Sum Rate Maximization Based on Sub-Array Antenna Selection in a Full-Duplex System

This paper considers a full-duplex system for a base station (BS) serving both uplink and downlink users simultaneously on the same frequency. A new design of the selection of the half-array antenna mode at the BS (transmit or receive mode) over the time phases and user assignments is proposed and its beamforming design and power allocation problem are optimized under the effect of both residual self- interference and co-channel interference. The aim is to maximize the overall sum rate subject to the users' quality of service requirements, which is formulated as a highly nonlinear function subject to non-convex constraints. To solve this non-convex problem, we propose an iterative low- complexity algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a fast convergence and substantially outperforms all existing schemes.
Late Instability of Bilateral Metal on Metal Hip Resurfacings Due to Progressive Local Tissue Effects

Reports have emerged of local debris consisting of metal particles, with the development of pseudotumours, pelvic masses, lymphocytic perivascular infiltration of tissue around the implant and a neo-capsule tissue reaction in metal on metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty. Steeply-inclined acetabular components a large abduction angle of more than 55 degrees along with a combination of small size component are likely to give rise to higher levels of metal ions. This report describes a case of localised tissue destruction of abductor muscle probably due to the metal debris causing late onset subluxation/dislocation of a hip resurfacing. Late instability of hip resurfacing should raise concerns relating to possible local tissue reaction and muscle damage, and early revision may be recommended.
Translational control of cyclin B1 mRNA during meiotic maturation: coordinated repression and cytoplasmic polyadenylation.

Translational control is prominent during meiotic maturation and early development. In this report, we investigate a mode of translational repression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, focusing on the mRNA encoding cyclin B1. Translation of cyclin B1 mRNA is relatively inactive in the oocyte and increases dramatically during meiotic maturation. We show, by injection of synthetic mRNAs, that the cis-acting sequences responsible for repression of cyclin B1 mRNA reside within its 3'UTR. Repression can be saturated by increasing the concentration of reporter mRNA injected, suggesting that the cyclin B1 3'UTR sequences provide a binding site for a trans-acting repressor. The sequences that direct repression overlap and include cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs), sequences known to promote cytoplasmic polyadenylation. However, the presence of a CPE per se appears insufficient to cause repression, as other mRNAs that contain CPEs are not translationally repressed. We demonstrate that relief of repression and cytoplasmic polyadenylation are intimately linked. Repressing elements do not override the stimulatory effect of a long poly(A) tail, and polyadenylation of cyclin B1 mRNA is required for its translational recruitment. Our results suggest that translational recruitment of endogenous cyclin B1 mRNA is a collaborative effect of derepression and poly(A) addition. We discuss several molecular mechanisms that might underlie this collaboration.
Performance analysis of orthogonal space-time block coding with antenna selection

A new approach for performance analysis of orthogonal space–time block coding systems with antenna selection is presented. Antenna selection has been performed at the transmitter and/or at the receiver sides. Closed-form expressions are derived for the approximate average bit error rate (BER) of the considered system for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and phase-shift keying schemes. Different from other approaches presented in the literature, analytical expressions are derived for the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain obtained from each antenna selection scheme, and then using those SNR gains closed-form expressions are obtained for the approximate average BER performance. The system performances of several forms of the presented scheme are evaluated and compared. It is shown that the results obtained from the mathematical expressions match closely with simulation results.
Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy

Abstract Cholesterol-lowering therapy is the central approach in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are currently the most potent and widely used cholesterol-lowering drugs. Large-scale clinical trials unequivocally demonstrated the efficacy of statin treatment in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. In general, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are well tolerated, although in a minority of patients severe adverse effects like myopathy or rhabdomyolysis may develop. The incidence of this potentially life-threatening side effects increases with co-adminstration of drugs that are metabolized via the same pharmacokinetic pathways or at high-dose statin therapy. The recent focus on the pleiotropic effects of statins that are more frequently observed at higher doses and the conclusion drawn from the large statin trials that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is “the lower the better”, may need careful consideration in individuals at risk of adverse drug reactions. On the other hand, not all patients respond to statin therapy with a reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. It is therefore of interest to develop diagnostic test systems, which would allow to identify patients at increased risk of adverse drug reactions or patients with a lack of therapeutic effect. Beside exogenous factors, genetic variability determines the response of an individual to drug therapy and the analysis of genetic variants affecting pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic aspects of drug therapy is the subject of pharmacogenomics. This review summarizes current knowledge of the pharmacology and the pharmacogenomics of statin therapy.
Promotion and regression of neoplasia by testosterone-promoted cell differentiation in Xiphophorus and Girardinus.

The precursors of the melanin-producing pigment cells of Xiphophorus, like those of other vertebrates, originate from the neural crest and migrate to their final location (2). They divide and undergo differentiation through the stages of chromatoblasts, stem(S)-melanoblasts, intermediate(I)-melanoblasts, advanced(A)-melanoblasts, melanocytes, and finally differentiate to melanophores, which are incapable of dividing. At a certain age the melanophores are removed by macrophages. Supply comes from S-melanoblasts. Depending on the genotype and the developmental stage of the fish, certain fish show a delay or even an arrest of ditferentiation in the stage of S-melanoblasts (1). Studies on melanoma formation have shown that the only stage of differentiation in which the pigment cells are competent for neoplastic transformation is the stage of the 1-melanoblasts (2). lf a certain gene, the "tumor gene" (Tu), that mediates neopl~stic transformation becomes derepressed by hybridizationconditioned elimination or mutation-conditioned impairment of Tu-specific regulating genes (R), the 1-melanoblasts become transformed to TI-melanoblasts (T = transformed), which continue to differentiate to TA-melanoblasts, T-melanocytes, and finally T -melanophores, which are incapable of dividing. Differentiation and division of the T -cells result in melanoma formation. The degree of malignancy of the melanoma depends on the ratio of incompletely differentiated, dividing T -cells to terminally differentiated, nondividing T -melanophores. The more incompletely differentiated T -cells are present in the melanoma, the higher is the degree of malignancy. Melanoma that consist predominantly of terminally differentiated cells are benign. The findings suggest that melanoma development, including initial tumor formation and further tumor growth, is a problern of cell differentiation rather than of cell division. The objective of our experiments was to find out if substances that inftuence pigment cell differentiation may also inftuence melanoma formation. For this purpose we used the steroid 17 -methyltestosterone, which was recently found to be a strong promoter of pigment cell differentiation in Xiphophorus (8,9).
Statistical and comparative study of 4600 patients tested in Barcelona (1973–1977)

The authors show the results obtained during the 5‐year period 1973–1977 in 4600 patch tested patients in the Allergy Department of Barcelona University. The results obtained with the most common allergens (nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, para compounds, cobalt and rubber) are studied separately. The results of testing with the allergens with a low incidence of positives are also shown. The results are compared with those published by the NACDG on 1200 patients and by Brun in Geneva on 1000 patients; 5.02 % of the tested patients showed sensitization to benzidine.