Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrorheology of a model colloidal fluid

Abstract We report experimental and theoretical results on the steady and oscillatory shear viscoelasticity of a model electroheological fluid. Details of the fluid synthesis, via the nucleation and growth of monodisperse silica spheres, and light scattering studies of the spheres are also presented. The shear-thinning viscosity μ shows a power-law dependence μ ∼ γ −Δ on the inverse strain rate γ, with Δ in the range 0.68-0.93. Likewise, the frequency-dependent viscosity μ(ω) shows a power-law dependence μ(μ) ∼ ω −Δ with Δ in the range 0.73-1.0. A theoretical treatment of steady-state cluster formation in applied electric and shear fields predicts the observed power-law dependences of the steady and oscillatory shear viscosities, albeit with exponents Δ = Δ = 2 3 .
An Integrated Perspective of Food Consumption and Depression in Young Adulthood

Interestingly, Lee and Allen's article showed that healthy food consumption (fruits and vegetables), but not unhealthy food consumption (fast food and soft drinks), was related to depression among young adults. This is a meaningful finding because unhealthy and healthy foods were included in a single model. Previous studies generally considered healthy and unhealthy food consumption separately.
A Digital Twin Framework For Analysing Students’ Behaviours Using Educational Process Mining

Learning management systems (LMS) logs all actions taken on the system. These logs provide additional data about the activities and behaviour of users. Educational process mining techniques can use these data to unveil useful information to help instructors, educators and administrators accurately monitor, analyze and improve the online learning patterns of students. This research work presents a framework that uses process mining approach to analyse event log data generated within educational information systems, such as LMSs. In this framework, digital twin concept is employed to present a virtual representation of the students’ activities on the LMS. This framework also used inductive and fuzzy miner algorithms to produce a process model which was represented using virtual model of student’s learning patterns. This model was then evaluated for conformance with the activities observed in the log. The analysis conducted during this study showed the disparity between the behaviours of students that passed a particular course and students that failed the course. Findings also showed that the using the inductive and the fuzzy miner algorithms produced better fitness levels for the process model when compared with other previously used algorithms such as the heuristic miner and alpha miner algorithms. This paper concluded by recommending that the development of educational process mining specific tools can help domain experts better understand students’ learning patterns.
H ∞ Control law for line of sight stabilization in two-axis gimbal system

A two-axis gimbaled stabilization system in air vehicles must stabilize the line of sight of the payload toward a target against the external motion induced by air vehicle maneuvering and aerodynamic forces. The target tracking and pointing performances of the air vehicles are largely affected by air vehicle motion decoupling capability. In this work, the H ∞ controller design is carried out for a two-axis gimbal system. The plant model is generated using experimental frequency response data and mathematical formulation of the system. The mixed sensitivity problem is posed and weighting functions are selected so that they not only fulfill all the design goals but also accommodate the modeling uncertainties. The stabilization loop is designed and implemented in digital signal processor-based hardware for only one axis (in azimuth).
Propriedade intelectual e direito autoral de produção autônoma da inteligência artificial

This article aims to answer the following problem: who is the author of the intellectual The present article intends to answer the following problem: who is the author of the intellectual production coming from an autonomous act of Artificial Intelligence (AI)? To satisfy this problem, the ontology of the mind and artificial intelligence is first addressed in theoretical deductive aspects. Later, the compatibility between the ontology of the mind and the intellectual production of AI with the legal concept of author, contained in art. 11 of Law 9.610/1998, is analyzed. In the end, it is proposed the ontological and juridical impossibility of an AI holder authorship of intellectual production, even if it comes from autonomous acts, attributing them to its developer/creator. This reasoning is anchored in deductive and integrated research methods. Keywords: Copyright. Artificial Intelligence (AI). Intellectual property.
A New Class of Polymers: Starburst-Dendritic Macromolecules

This paper describes the first synthesis of a new class of topological macromolecules which we refer to as “starburst polymers. ” The fundamental building blocks to this new polymer class are referred to as “dendrimers. ” These dendrimers differ from classical monomers/oligomers by their extraordinary symmetry, high branching and maximized (telechelic) terminal functionality density. The dendrimers possess “reactive end groups” which allow (a) controlled moelcular weight building (monodispersity), (b) controlled branching (topology), and (c) versatility in design and modification of the terminal end groups. Dendrimer synthesis is accomplished by a variety of strategies involving “time sequenced propagation” techniques. The resulting dendrimers grow in a geometrically progressive fashion as shown: Chemically bridging these dendrimers leads to the new class of macromolecules—”starburst polymers” (e.g., (A)n, (B)n, or (C)n).
Temperature/pH‐sensitive comb‐type graft hydrogels composed of chitosan and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)

Comb-type graft hydrogels, composed of chitosan and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), were prepared to manifest rapid temperature and pH sensitivity. Instead of directly grafting the NIPAAm monomer onto the chitosan chain, semitelechelic PNIPAAm with carboxyl end group was synthesized by radical polymerization using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as the chain-transfer agent, and was grafted onto chitosan having amino groups. The comb-type hydrogels were prepared with two different graft yields and grafting regions, such as surface- and bulk-grafting, and then compared with a chitosan hydrogel. The synthesis of telechelic PNIPAAm and the formation of amide group were confirmed by using FTIR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Results from the water state and thermal stability revealed that the introduction of the PNIPAAm side chain disturbed the ordered arrangement of the chitosan molecule, resulting in an increase in the equilibrium water content. Comb-type graft hydrogels showed rapid temperature and pH sensitivity because of the free-ended PNIPAAm attached to the chitosan main chain and the chitosan amino group itself, respectively. In particular, the surface graft hydrogel maintained its dimension at low pH, although the chitosan main chain was not crosslinked, whereas chitosan and bulk graft hydrogel were dissolved as a result of the coating effect of pH-independent PNIPAAm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2612–2620, 2004
Training teachers for phonics and early reading: developing research‐informed practice

Background: In England, instruction in systematic synthetic phonics is the first approach to teaching children to read words. There is little research exploring what makes successful training for phonics teaching despite evidence teachers’ subject knowledge is limited. There is a persisting problem of under-achievement in reading in some regions of England, mirrored in the US and Australia. In 2017-18, the Department for Education (DfE) addressed poor reading outcomes in these regions by funding one-day training events. We report on one training model, developed, and delivered by a team of academics, addressing issues specific to an English context, but contributing internationally relevant insights into phonics teacher training. Methods: Research-informed “phonics roadshows” for training phonics teaching for early reading were devised for fourteen regions of England with weak performance on the Year 1 phonics screening check. 584 practitioners attended from 379 schools. Participants provided feedback in on-the-day written evaluations, and by survey one-year-on (100 responses). Local authority officials who attended were interviewed about impacts of the roadshow one-year-on (9 of 14). Qualitative data were analysed using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach. Results: Quantitative data indicated positive responses to the events. Teachers found the day interesting, helpful, and likely to impact their practice. Qualitative analysis revealed the need for: consistent school-wide approaches to phonics teaching; follow-up training to develop teacher subject knowledge for teaching reading; developing teachers’ ability to assess children’s progress in developing phonic knowledge and to provide targeted interventions to tackle under-attainment. Local authority officials concurred with teachers’ perceptions, with some differences between them and between regions. Conclusions: Research-informed in-service training for phonics teaching can have beneficial impact, but must be closely partnered with local needs, and calibrated to teachers’ existing subject knowledge, to ensure professionals feel empowered to make sustainable changes and improvements to practice.
FLUOMETURON WASH-OFF FROM COVER CROP RESIDUES AND FATE IN A LOESSIAL SOIL

Cover crop residues on no-till soil will intercept a portion of applied herbicides. Thus, herbicide efficacy in no-till systems depends, in part, on rainfall to wash the herbicide onto the soil. Tillage and cover crop residue may also influence sorption and degradation of a herbicide in soil. This series of studies examined fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N′- [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea] wash-off from native vegetation, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and wheat residue (Triticum aestivum), related wash-off to sorption on these residues, and compared fluometuron sorption and degradation in soil from long-term native, vetch, and wheat cover crop plots used with either conventional or no-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). A rainfall simulator was used to wash spray-applied fluometuron from plant material. Through-flow was analyzed for fluometuron by high-performance liquid chromatography. More fluometuron was washed off native vegetation than vetch or wheat residues, which retained fluometuron about equally. Fluometuron sorption on these residues was determined in a batch study. Sorption was least with native vegetation (KD = 11 L kg−1), and there was minimal difference between vetch and wheat in sorption (KD = 17 L kg−1). Fluometuron wash-off could be modeled from the batch sorption data. Sorption of fluometuron in surface soil from each tillage by cover crop combination was determined in a batch experiment. Sorption was adequately described by the Freundlich model with N ∼ 0.9 for all soils but K values of no-till soils (average ∼ 2 L kg−1) nearly twice that of corresponding conventional-till soils. Degradation of fluometuron in these surface soils was determined by incubating fortified samples for 6, 15, 30, and 60 days. Soil extracts showed that degradation was more rapid in any no-till soil than in its conventional-till analog. Within either tillage treatment, degradation was slowest in vetch soil. Half-lives ranged from 7 and 8 days (no-till native and wheat soils, respectively) to 51 days (conventional-till vetch soil). Fluometuron half-lives in conventional-till wheat and native (19 and 27 days, respectively) and no-till vetch (31 days) soils were intermediate. Microbial activity was higher in no-till soil, consistent with faster degradation.
A NONPARAMETRIC TEST OF SIGNIFICANT VARIABLES IN GRADIENTS

We propose a nonparametric test of significant variables in the partial derivative of a regression mean function. The derivative is estimated by local polynomial estimation and the test statistic is constructed through a variation-based measure of the derivative in the direction of variables of interest. We establish the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic and demonstrate that it is consistent. Motivated by the null distribution, we propose a wild bootstrap test, and show that it exhibits the same null distribution, whether the null is valid or not. We perform a Monte Carlo study to demonstrate its encouraging finite sample performance. An empirical application is conducted showing how the test can be applied to infer certain aspects of regression structures in a hedonic price model.
Localized intermolecular zero-quantum coherence spectroscopy in vivo

Resolution enhancement in NMR spectra, acquired in spatially or temporally varying magnetic fields, can be achieved with 2D pulse sequences detecting intermolecular zero-quantum coherences (iZQC). The insensitivity towards long range field distortions renders these methods particularly appealing for in vivo NMR spectroscopy, where ample sources of field inhomogeneities are encountered. This article provides a comprehensive description of iZQC spectroscopy, following a classical treatment. A pictorial explanation is given of how iZQC signal is formed under the action of the distant dipolar field in the sample and how this local refocusing process leads to line narrowing in the indirect dimension of 2D spectra. Signal evolution and peak positions in the spectra are analyzed by solving the modified Bloch equations. Finally, it is explained how water suppression and localization can be combined with the iZQC preparation sequence, and recent in vivo applications are discussed. The given examples illustrate that iZQC spectroscopy can provide either resolution or sensitivity enhancement in vivo. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 117–133, 2008.
The Investment Strategy and the Growth Policy of Greek Shipowners Revealed, 1946-2020

Greek shipowners do not believe in forecasting shipping markets, and are well aware of their cyclicality and volatility. We have showed elsewhere that shipping is a game with jokers, which appear suddenly and unexpectedly. After a long observation of the Greek owned shipping (GOS) strategy, we found-out that it builds and buys ships larger and newer, when a shipping cycle offers rock-bottom prices, and subsequently sells ships smaller and older. We showed this with data and with an adequate number of figures. We also found-out that technology has brought cycles faster in the markets! We have also showed the growth of GOS since 1856, and especially since 1945. Greek ship-owners, with whatever cleverness they possess, they could not beat wars, recessions and depressions, as showed, but they tried to get advantage of them. Their timing was not perfect, but very good, as the prices at which bought 1568 2nd hand ships were 86.5% cheaper (1983-1987) than in their peak price (1980). GOS pursues a cost leadership policy in all frontiers: economies of scale; economies of age; economies of low capital cost; low depreciation, and rock-bottom prices… Greeks proved that the 2009 crisis offered good opportunities, and they had the funds required.
Green and sustainable manufacture of chemicals from biomass: state of the art

The various strategies for the valorisation of waste biomass to platform chemicals, and the underlying developments in chemical and biological catalysis which make this possible, are critically reviewed. The option involving the least changes to the status quo is the drop-in strategy of complete deoxygenation to petroleum hydrocarbons and further processing using existing technologies. The alternative, redox economic approach, is direct conversion of, for example, carbohydrates to oxygenates by fermentation or chemocatalytic processes. Examples of both approaches are described, e.g. fermentation of carbohydrates to produce hydrocarbons, lower alcohols, diols and carboxylic acids or acid catalyzed hydrolysis of hexoses to hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and subsequent conversion to levulinic acid (LA), γ-valerolactone (GVL) and furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Three possible routes for producing a bio-based equivalent of the large volume polymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are delineated. Valorisation of waste protein could, in the future, form an important source of amino acids, such as L-glutamic acid and L-lysine, as platform chemicals, which in turn can be converted to nitrogen containing commodity chemicals. Glycerol, the coproduct of biodiesel manufacture from triglycerides, is another waste stream for which valorisation to commodity chemicals, such as epichlorohydrin and acrolein, is an attractive option.
Gobierno corporativo: Mayores exigencias de los partícipes sociales

El impacto de las mayores exigencias de los partícipes sociales sobre el gobierno corporativo de la empresa es analizado en el presente artículo. Mediante una revisión de la literatura pertinente, se describe el concepto de partícipes sociales. Se contrasta el modelo de la empresa basado en el accionista con el modelo de partícipes sociales. Posteriormente se analiza el periodo pasivo y activo que dichos modelos han tenido. Se concluye con un conjunto de desafíos que el gobierno corporativo de la empresa deberá abordar para obtener y mantener una ventaja competitiva.
New Approach to Chuncheon Dakgalbi Processing by Various Chicken Materials, Seasoning and Cooking Methods

This research was conducted to develop a new approach to Chuncheon Dakgalbi processing by various chicken materials, seasoning (conventional sauce/CS and new approach of seasoning by adding the curing mixture/CSA), and cooking methods. Three chicken breeds (broiler, old broiler and spent laying hen) were divided into five experimental groups: broiler-CS, old broiler -CS, old broiler-CSA, spent laying hen-CS, and spent laying hen-CSA. All samples were stored at 5 o C for 12 d. For sensory evaluation, all samples were cooked with conventional cooking (pan grilling) or high temperature and pressure cooking (at 121 o C with pressure 1.5 Kgf/cm 2 for 30 min). The chicken material analysis showed that the moisture and crude protein content, cooking loss and shear-force of the old broiler and spent laying hen were higher (p<0.05) than those of the current broiler, but the crude ash, crude lipid and WHC were lower (p<0.05). The addition of CSA increased the pH value and reduced the lipid oxidation at the end of storage regardless of chicken breeds (p<0.05). The high temperature and pressure cooking method seemed to increase the taste, smell and overall-acceptability scores of the old broiler and spent laying hen Chuncheon Dakgalbi regardless of the implementation of new approach of seasoning (CSA). In conclusion, an old broiler and spent laying hen can be used as material of Chuncheon Dakgalbi by the application of a new approach of seasoning and cooking method.
Effect of Social Media Advertisements on Consumer Purchase Intentions

The purpose for developing this research paper was to get an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms, features, domains, etc. of social media advertisements, across social media platforms and how these specific things are influencing potential consumers in their buying behavior or in other words their purchase intention. The design of methodology is a mixture of exploratory research design and causal research design, (involving a questionnaire) as the study satisfies both mentioned research design protocols. The findings in terms of the responses (of the questionnaire) collected were intriguing as it depicted that some characteristics of social media advertisements had more impact in influencing their purchase intention, than some of the other. Consumers preferred certain attributes more than some other attributes pertaining to ads on their feeds. Thus, the study of their implications will provide valuable insights to any concerned party. The potential limitations of this research paper will be mainly that the respondents, demographic were limited to a certain figure thus a larger sample size, would make more sense in the future. Also, the practicability of developed hypothesis may vary according to circumstances, which act as a potential limitation. The practical implications of this study can act as a guideline to organizations looking to understand their consumer base, preferences over the social media domain, which could result in potentially building their brand equity.
APPROXIMATING THE GROWTH OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO AND STOCK PRICE BUBBLES

In practice, optimal portfolio construction for large stock markets has never been conclusively resolved because estimating the required means of returns with sufficient accuracy is a highly intractable task. By avoiding estimation, this paper approximates closely the growth optimal portfolio (GP) for the stocks of developed markets with a well-diversified, hierarchically weighted index (HWI). For stocks denominated in units of the HWI, their current value turns out to be strictly greater than their future expected values, which indicates the existence of stock price bubbles that could be systematically exploited for long-term asset management. It is shown that the HWI does not leave much room for significant performance improvements as proxy for the GP.
Formative research to inform information, education and communication materials ahead of HPV vaccine re-introduction in Mongolia

Abstract Abstract: The 2012 HPV vaccination pilot in Mongolia was met with widespread community resistance and misinformation. Targeted stakeholder action since 2012 has led to a decision to re-introduce the HPV vaccine from 2020. This formative research study is the first to identify information and communication needs among key population groups in Mongolia ahead of vaccine re-introduction. This qualitative study was conducted across five provinces and two capital city districts of Mongolia. Small focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews were held with GP doctors, school doctors, immunization nurses and teachers and parents of girls aged 10–13 years. The study recruited 91 parents, 62 teachers and 47 health professionals. Knowledge varied between and within study populations. Overall, participants demonstrated positive attitudes and practices towards vaccination generally. Knowledge surrounding the HPV vaccine specifically was very low across all population groups, with negative attitudes linked to previous misinformation. Health professionals identified a need for a unified information source on vaccination and greater technical training. The study highlights a clear need for increased awareness raising on HPV, cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine in order to avoid another communication crisis in the 2020 vaccine re-introduction.