Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S2OMGAN: Shortcut from Remote Sensing Images to Online Maps

Traditional online maps, widely used on Internet such as Google map and Baidu map, are rendered from vector data. Timely updating online maps from vector data, of which the generating is time-consuming, is a difficult mission. It is a shortcut to generate online maps in time from remote sensing images, which can be acquired timely without vector data. However, this mission used to be challenging or even impossible. Inspired by image-to-image translation (img2img) techniques based on generative adversarial network (GAN), we propose a semi-supervised structure-augmented online map GAN (S$^{2}$OMGAN) model to generate online maps directly from remote sensing images. In this model, we designed a semi-supervised learning strategy to pre-train S$^{2}$OMGAN on rich unpaired samples and finetune it on limited paired samples in reality. We also designed image gradient L1 loss and image gradient structure loss to generate an online map with global topological relationship and detailed edge curves of objects, which are important in cartography. Moreover, we propose edge structural similarity index (ESSI) as a metric to evaluate the quality of topological consistency between generated online maps and ground truths. Experimental results present that S$^{2}$OMGAN outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) works according to mean squared error, structural similarity index and ESSI. Also, S$^{2}$OMGAN wins more approval than SOTA in the human perceptual test on visual realism of cartography. Our work shows that S$^{2}$OMGAN is potentially a new paradigm to produce online maps. Our implementation of the S$^{2}$OMGAN is available at \url{this https URL}.
Viscosity Solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs Equations for Time-Delay Systems

The paper deals with a zero-sum differential game for a dynamical system which motion is described by a nonlinear delay differential equation under an initial condition defined by a piecewise continuous function. The corresponding Cauchy problem for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs equation with coinvariant derivatives is derived and the definition of a viscosity solution of this problem is considered. It is proved that the differential game has the value that is the unique viscosity solution. Moreover, based on notions of sub- and superdifferentials corresponding to coinvariant derivatives, the infinitesimal description of the viscosity solution is obtained. The example of applying these results is given.
Computing Similarity Queries for Correlated Gaussian Sources

Among many current data processing systems, the objectives are often not the reproduction of data, but to compute some answers based on the data resulting from queries. The similarity identification task is to identify the items in a database that are similar to a given query item for a given metric. The problem of compression for similarity identification has been studied in arXiv:1307.6609 [cs.IT]. Unlike classical compression problems, the focus is not on reconstructing the original data. Instead, the compression rate is determined by the desired reliability of the answers. Specifically, the information measure identification rate characterizes the minimum rate that can be achieved among all schemes which guarantee reliable answers with respect to a given similarity threshold. In this paper, we propose a component-based model for computing correlated similarity queries. The correlated signals are first decorrelated by the KLT transform. Then, the decorrelated signal is processed by a distinct D-admissible system for each component. We show that the component-based model equipped with KLT can perfectly represent the multivariate Gaussian similarity queries when optimal rate-similarity allocation applies. Hence, we can derive the identification rate of the multivariate Gaussian signals based on the component-based model. We then extend the result to general Gaussian sources with memory. We also study the models equipped with practical compone\nt systems. We use TC-$\triangle$ schemes that use type covering signatures and triangle-inequality decision rules as our component systems. We propose an iterative method to numerically approximate the minimum achievable rate of the TC-$\triangle$ scheme. We show that our component-based model equipped with TC-$\triangle$ schemes can achieve better performance than the TC-$\triangle$ scheme unaided on handling the multivariate Gaussian sources.
Some General Structure for Extremal Sparsification Problems

This paper is about a branch of theoretical computer science that studies how much graphs can be sparsified while faithfully preserving their properties. Examples include spanners, distance preservers, reachability preservers, etc. We introduce an abstraction that captures all of the above, and then we prove a couple simple structural lemmas about this abstraction. These imply unified proofs of some state-of-the-art results in the area, and they improve the size of Chechik's $+4$ additive spanner [SODA '13] from $\widetilde{O}(n^{7/5})$ to $O(n^{7/5})$.
Hybrid Coded Replication in LoRa Networks

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are wireless connectivity solutions for Internet-of-Things applications, including industrial automation. Among the several LPWAN technologies, LoRaWAN has been extensively addressed by the research community and the industry. However, the reliability and scalability of LoRaWAN are still uncertain. One of the techniques to increase the reliability of LoRaWAN is message replication, which exploits time diversity. This article proposes a novel hybrid coded message replication scheme that interleaves simple repetition and a recently proposed coded replication method. We analyze the optimization of the proposed scheme under minimum reliability requirements and show that it enhances the network performance without requiring additional transmit power compared to the competing replication techniques.
Knockoffs with side information

We consider the problem of assessing the importance of multiple variables or factors from a dataset when side information is available. In principle, using side information can allow the statistician to pay attention to variables with a greater potential, which in turn, may lead to more discoveries. We introduce an adaptive knockoff filter, which generalizes the knockoff procedure (Barber and Candes, 2015; Candes et al., 2018) in that it uses both the data at hand and side information to adaptively order the variables under study and focus on those that are most promising. Adaptive knockoffs controls the finite-sample false discovery rate (FDR) and we demonstrate its power by comparing it with other structured multiple testing methods. We also apply our methodology to real genetic data in order to find associations between genetic variants and various phenotypes such as Crohn's disease and lipid levels. Here, adaptive knockoffs makes more discoveries than reported in previous studies on the same datasets.
Epithelioid glioblastoma presenting as multicentric glioma: A case report and review of the literature

Background: Epithelioid glioblastoma is a rare aggressive variant of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which was formally recognized by the World Health Organization classification of the central nervous system in 2016. Clinically, epithelioid GBMs are characterized by aggressive features, such as metastases and cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, and an extremely poor prognosis. A rare case of epithelioid GBM that was discovered as a multicentric glioma with different histopathology is reported. Case Description: A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with mild motor weakness of the right leg. Neuroimaging showed small masses in the left frontal and parietal lobes on magnetic resonance imaging. The abnormal lesion had been increasing rapidly for 3 weeks, and a new lesion appeared in the frontal lobe. 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET) showed abnormal uptake corresponding to the lesion. To reach a definitive diagnosis, surgical excision of the right frontal mass lesion was performed. Histological findings showed diffuse astrocytoma. Only radiotherapy was planned, but the left frontal and parietal tumors progressed further within a short period. Therefore, it was thought that these tumors were GBM, and a biopsy of the left parietal tumor was performed. The histological diagnosis was epithelioid GBM. Immunohistochemistry showed that most tumor cells were negatively stained for p53 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. BRAF V600E mutations were not identified, but TERT promoter mutations were identified. Immediately after surgery, the patient was given chemotherapy using temozolomide, extended local radiotherapy and then bevacizumab. After 6 months, he showed no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: Epithelioid GBM is one of the rarest morphologic subtypes of GBM and has a strongly infiltrative and aggressive nature. Therefore, careful identification of preoperative imaging studies and detailed evaluation of genetic studies are necessary to select the appropriate treatment for epithelioid GBM.
Downregulation of long non-coding RNA NR2F2-AS1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by upregulating the expression of PTEN

The novel long non-coding RNA NR2F2-AS1 has been characterized as an oncogene in lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NR2F2-AS1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The results demonstrated that expression of NR2F2-AS1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were negatively associated with each other in NPC tissues. Furthermore, upregulated NR2F2-AS1 expression levels and downregulated PTEN expression levels in NPC tissues predicted less favorable survival outcomes in patients with NPC. Transfection of NPC cells with NR2F2-AS1 small interfering RNA resulted in increased expression of PTEN. In addition, NR2F2-AS1 silencing and PTEN overexpression resulted in decreased proliferation and an increase in the apoptotic rate of NPC cells. In conclusion, NR2F2-AS1 downregulation decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of NPC cells via upregulation of PTEN.
Caudate Volume Mediates the Interaction between Total Sleep Time and Executive Function after Acute Exercise in Healthy Older Adults

Although both exercise and sleep are significant lifestyle factors in cognitive aging, the interaction of these two factors with respect to cognition remains to be determined. Also, little is known regarding the role of the basal ganglia (BG) in cognitive aging despite its involvement in both sleep and executive function. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between sleep and acute exercise on executive function performance, and secondarily, to assess if BG volume mediates this interaction. Thirty healthy older adults (65.8±7.3 years) completed 30 minutes of seated rest or moderate-intensity cycling exercise on different days. Structural MRI was used to assess the volumes of BG components including caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus shortly after the experimental conditions. Approximately 90 minutes after each condition, the Stroop task was administered to measure executive function. To examine sleep, participants wore a wrist actigraph for 8.0±3.6 days prior to the first experimental session. Results revealed that while longer total sleep time (TST) was associated with shorter Stroop response time (RT), shorter TST was associated with longer RT after exercise, compared to rest, for both congruent (p = 0.029) and incongruent (p = 0.022) trials. Longer TST was correlated with greater caudate volume, and greater caudate volume was associated with exercise-related improvement in Stroop incongruent RT. Ultimately, we found that the association between longer sleep duration and faster processing speed after acute exercise was mediated by greater caudate volume. These findings suggest that TST is an important factor for acute exercise-induced cognitive improvements in older adults, and that our study is a first step in understanding the interactive effects of these important lifestyle factors in cognitive aging that might simultaneously be addressed to promote healthy cognitive aging. Future studies should examine the interactive effects of sleep and chronic exercise on cognitive function, and whether BG volume might also mediate this interaction.
Elevated Intraocular Pressure Causes Abnormal Reactivity of Mouse Retinal Arterioles

Objective Glaucoma is a leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness. Although high intraocular pressure (IOP) is an established risk factor for the disease, the role of abnormal ocular vessel function in the pathophysiology of glaucoma gains more and more attention. We tested the hypothesis that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) causes vascular dysfunction in the retina. Methods High IOP was induced in one group of mice by unilateral cauterization of three episcleral veins. The other group received sham surgery only. Two weeks later, retinal vascular preparations were studied by video microscopy in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression of hypoxia markers and of prooxidant and antioxidant redox genes as well as of inflammatory cytokines were determined. Results Strikingly, responses of retinal arterioles to stepwise elevation of perfusion pressure were impaired in the high-IOP group. Moreover, vasodilation responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, were markedly reduced in mice with elevated IOP, while no differences were seen in response to the endothelium-independent nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside. Remarkably, ROS levels were increased in the retinal ganglion cell layer including blood vessels. Expression of the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX2, and of the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, was increased at the mRNA level in retinal explants. Expression of NOX2, but not of the hypoxic markers, HIF-1α and VEGF-A, was increased in the retinal ganglion cell layer and in retinal blood vessels at the protein level. Conclusion Our data provide first-time evidence that IOP elevation impairs autoregulation and induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse retinal arterioles. Oxidative stress and inflammation, but not hypoxia, appear to be involved in this process.
The reliability of self-reporting chronic diseases: how reliable is the result of population-based cohort studies

Summary Objectives To evaluate the reliability of self-reporting chronic diseases in the baseline data of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Methods The study was conducted in RaNCD cohort study. To assess the reliability of self-report of chronic disease, a random sample of 202 participants were asked about some of chronic conditions 30-35 days (mean = 32) after recruitment. Results A range of kappa agreement between 39.52-100%, which the lower statistics was for hypertension and hepatitis and the higher one for cancer, cardiac ischemic, and diabetes. Conclusion The self-report of chronic diseases was relatively reliable. Therefore self-reporting data for some conditions can be used in situations where the validity is acceptable.
Early and current physical activity: cross-sectional associations with overweight among adults

Summary Introduction The health benefits of physical activity in all ages are widely known, however the effects of early physical activity on future health are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the cross-sectional associations between previous and current physical activity with overweight among adults. Methods A probabilistic sample of 534 teachers was included in the study. Independent variables were physical activity in childhood, adolescence, and current, and clustering of the variables, all analyzed using a self-report questionnaire. The dependent variable was overweight, estimated by the body mass index, assessed using self-report measures of weight and height. Covariates were sex, age, skin color, income, sedentary behavior, medication use for weight control, and nutritionist counseling. Poisson regression was adopted to estimate Prevalence Ratios (PR) in the multivariate analysis. Results Physical activity at ages 6-10 (PR = 1.03 to 1.13), 12-14 (PR = 0.96 to 0.98), and 15-17 (PR = 0.76 to 0.90) years was not associated with overweight. Participants who do not meet the recommendation of current physical activity have a higher likelihood of being overweight (PR = 1.55 to 2.17) and the magnitude of the association increased when analyzing those who were not physically active through all periods analyzed (PR = 3.69 to 4.69). Conclusion Performing physical activity only in early life does not seem to promote health benefits in the sample analyzed. Although current physical activity is associated with the outcome, the promotion of both early and current physical activity seems to be a better strategy to prevent overweight among adults.
Epidemiology and Survival Outcomes of Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Purpose Lung cancer has been the top-ranking cause of cancer deaths in Taiwan for decades. Limited data were available in global cancer surveillance regarding lung cancer epidemiology in Taiwan, and previous reports are outdated. Patients and Methods This population-based cohort study extracted data of patients with lung cancer from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database and determined the lung cancer incidence and prevalence during 2002–2014. Histological subtypes were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry database; survival rates were gathered from the National Death Registry. Average annual percentage changes (APCs) of prevalence, incidence, and overall survival were estimated by joinpoint regression analysis. Results Age-standardized incidence of lung cancer increased from 45.04 per 100,000 person-years in 2002 to 49.86 per 100,000 person-years in 2014, with an average APC of 0.7 (95% CI = 0.3–1.1; 0.2 in males, 2.0 in females). Lung cancer was more prevalent in male patients, but this increase gradually slowed down. Socioeconomic analysis showed that lung cancer has higher prevalence in patients with higher income level and urban residency. Adenocarcinoma was the most abundant histological subtype in Taiwan (adenocarcinoma-to-squamous cell carcinoma ratio = 4.16 in 2014), with a 2.4-fold increase of incident cases during 2002–2014 (from 43.47% to 64.89% of all lung cancer cases). The 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients in 2010 was 17.34% (12.60% in male, 25.40% in female), with an average APC of 9.3 (6.3 in male, 11.8 in female) during 2002–2010. Conclusion Average APCs of prevalence and incidence of lung cancer were 3.1 and 0.7, respectively, during 2002–2014 in Taiwan. The number of female patients and number of patients with adenocarcinoma have increased the most, with incident cases doubling in these years. Facing this fatal malignancy, it is imperative to improve risk stratification, encourage early surveillance, and develop effective therapeutics for lung cancer patients in Taiwan.
A novel risk score model for stomach adenocarcinoma based on the expression levels of 10 genes

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) accounts for 95% of cases of malignant gastric cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis and effective diagnosis of STAD have become popular topics for research in the previous decade. In the present study, high-throughput RNA sequencing expression profiles and clinical data from patients with STAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and were used as a training dataset to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Prognostic DEGs were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis and were further screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization regression algorithm. The resulting genes were used to construct a risk score model, the validation and effectiveness evaluation of which were performed on an independent dataset downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Stratified and functional pathway (gene set enrichment) analyses were performed on groups with different estimated prognosis. A total of 92 genes significantly associated with STAD prognosis were obtained by univariate Cox regression analysis, and 10 prognosis-associated DEGs; hemoglobin b, chromosome 4 open reading frame 48, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1, coagulation factor V, serpin family E member 1, transmembrane protein 200A, NADPH oxidase organizer 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3, mannosidase endo-α-like and tripartite motif-containing 31; were selected for the development of the risk score model. The reliability of this prognostic method was verified using a validation set, and the results of multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the risk score may serve as an independent prognostic factor. In functional DEG analysis, eight Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified to be significantly associated with STAD risk factors. Thus, the 10-gene risk score model established in the present study was regarded as credible. This risk assessment tool may help identify patients with a high risk of STAD, and the proposed prognostic mRNAs may be useful in elucidating STAD pathogenesis.
Abundances in the Milky Way across Five Nucleosynthetic Channels from 4 Million LAMOST Stars

Large stellar surveys are revealing the chemodynamical structure of the Galaxy across a vast spatial extent. However, the many millions of low-resolution spectra observed to date are yet to be fully exploited. We employ The Cannon, a data-driven approach for estimating chemical abundances, to obtain detailed abundances from low-resolution (R = 1800) LAMOST spectra, using the GALAH survey as our reference. We deliver five (for dwarfs) or six (for giants) estimated abundances representing five different nucleosynthetic channels, for 3.9 million stars, to a precision of 0.05–0.23 dex. Using wide binary pairs, we demonstrate that our abundance estimates provide chemical discriminating power beyond metallicity alone. We show the coverage of our catalog with radial, azimuthal and dynamical abundance maps and examine the neutron capture abundances across the disk and halo, which indicate different origins for the in situ and accreted halo populations. LAMOST has near-complete Gaia coverage and provides an unprecedented perspective on chemistry across the Milky Way.
The Pushshift Telegram Dataset

Messaging platforms, especially those with a mobile focus, have become increasingly ubiquitous in society. These mobile messaging platforms can have deceivingly large user bases, and in addition to being a way for people to stay in touch, are often used to organize social movements, as well as a place for extremists to congregate.In this paper, we present a dataset from one such mobile messaging platform: Telegram. Our dataset is made up of over 27.8K channels and 317M messages from 2.2M unique users. To the best of our knowledge, our dataset comprises the largest and most complete of its kind. In addition to the raw data, we also provide the source code used to collect it, allowing researchers to run their own data collection instance. We believe the Pushshift Telegram dataset can help researchers from a variety of disciplines interested in studying online social movements, protests, political extremism, and disinformation.