Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Nurse‐Led Limited Risk Factor Modification Program to Address Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Background Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), yet these conditions remain inadequately treated. We report on the feasibility and efficacy of a nurse‐led risk factor modification program utilizing a pragmatic approach to address obesity and OSA in AF patients. Methods and Results AF patients with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and/or the need for OSA management (high risk per Berlin Questionnaire or untreated OSA) were voluntarily enrolled for risk factor modification, which comprised patient education, lifestyle modification, coordination with specialists, and longitudinal management. Weight loss and OSA treatment were monitored by monthly follow‐up calls and/or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unit downloads. Quality of life and arrhythmia symptoms were assessed with the SF‐36 and AF Severity Scale at baseline and at 6 months. From November 1, 2016 to October 31, 2017, 252 patients (age 63±11 years; 71% male; 57% paroxysmal AF) were enrolled, 189 for obesity and 93 for OSA. Obese patients who enrolled lost significantly greater percent body weight than those who declined (3% versus 0.3%; P<0.05). Among 93 patients enrolled for OSA, 70 completed sleep studies, OSA was confirmed in 50, and the majority (76%) started CPAP therapy. All components of quality of life and arrhythmia symptoms improved significantly from baseline to 6 months among enrolled patients. Conclusions A nurse‐led risk factor modification program is a potentially sustainable and generalizable model that can improve weight loss and OSA in AF patients, translating into improved quality of life and arrhythmia symptoms.
Development and evaluation of food and nutrition teaching kits for teachers of primary schoolchildren

Food and nutrition education is a compulsory part of the primary school curriculum across the UK, but primary school teachers report the need for further support to deliver food and nutrition lessons. Although the British Nutrition Foundation's education website, Food – a fact of life (FFL), contains a vast selection of resources for primary teachers, it was hypothesised that a prescribed ‘off the shelf’ package of resources may be more desirable for teachers and better support their requirements. This led to the creation of the FFL teaching kits. The Foundation developed two versions of the FFL teaching kit, one aimed at teachers of children aged 5–6 years and another for teachers of children aged 10–11 years. Each kit contained 12 UK curricula linked lesson plans, posters, stickers and a CD-ROM with existing FFL website resources (e.g. interactive games, PowerPoint presentations, worksheets). Home activity booklets were also included in the kit to encourage parent/carer engagement with healthy eating topics. A pilot evaluation study was carried out to determine the acceptability and feasibility of the FFL teaching kits. Feedback from teachers using the kits was positive, and they taught a broader range of topics than teachers not offered the kits. These results, including suggestions for improvement, will inform future education resource development at the Foundation.
Improving the Efficacy of Cognitive Training for Digital Mental Health Interventions Through Avatar Customization: Crowdsourced Quasi-Experimental Study

Background The success of internet-based mental health interventions in practice—that is, in the wild—depends on the uptake and retention of the application and the user’s focused attention in the moment of use. Incorporating game-based motivational design into digital interventions delivered in the wild has been shown to increase uptake and retention in internet-based training; however, there are outstanding questions about the potential of game-based motivational strategies to increase engagement with a task in the moment of use and the effect on intervention efficacy. Objective Designers of internet-based interventions need to know whether game-based motivational design strategies can increase in-the-moment engagement and thus improve digital interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1 motivational design strategy (avatar customization) in an example mental health intervention (computerized cognitive training for attention bias modification). Methods We assigned 317 participants to either a customized avatar or an assigned avatar condition. After measuring state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), we randomly assigned half of the participants in each condition to either an attentional retraining condition (Attention Bias Modification Training) or a control condition. After training, participants were exposed to a negative mood induction using images with strong negative valance (International Affective Picture System), after which we measured state anxiety again. Results Avatar customization decreased posttraining state anxiety when controlling for baseline state anxiety for those in the attentional retraining condition; however, those who did not train experienced decreased resilience to the negative mood induction (F1,252=6.86, P=.009, ηp2=.027). This interaction effect suggests that customization increased task engagement with the intervention in the moment of use. Avatar customization also increased avatar identification (F5,252=12.46, P<.001, R2=.23), regardless of condition (F1,252=.79, P=.38). Avatar identification reduced anxiety after the negative mood induction for participants who underwent training but increased poststimulus anxiety for participants who did not undergo training, further suggesting that customization increases engagement in the task (F1,252=6.19, P=.01). The beneficial effect of avatar customization on training was driven by participants who were low in their basic satisfaction of relatedness (F10,248=18.5, P<.001, R2=.43), which is important because these are the participants who are most likely in need of digital interventions for mental health. Conclusions Our results suggest that applying motivational design—specifically avatar customization—is a viable strategy to increase engagement and subsequently training efficacy in a computerized cognitive task.
Role of carriers of Acinetobacter species in transmission of nosocomial infections in intensive care units

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a common pathogen in intensive care units (ICUs) attended with higher mortality and morbidity, often with its sources and transmission dynamics remaining an enigma. Limited data on carriers of Acinetobacter species necessitated the present study. Objectives: The aim was to determine prevalence of carriers of Acinetobacter spp. And predisposing risk factors among healthy health care workers (HCWs) in ICUs and their role as source in nosocomial infections. Materials and Methods: Specimens from nose, throat, axilla and hands of all HCWs (82, [72 staff nurses and 10 attenders]) from ICUs and 50 (out of 400) from general wards were collected and processed by standard laboratory procedures. Temporal spatial association and Acinetobacter spp. with identical antibiogram type from carriers and cases was done to assess the role of carriers as sources. Fisher's exact test used for statistical analysis. Results: Prevalence of A. baumanii carriers was 14.63% (15.28% vs. 10%, P = 0.55 NS) in nurses and attenders. Higher in female than male HCWs (16.36% vs. 11.11% P = 0.39 NS). Carrier rate was 30% and 28.57% in surgical ICU and neonatal ICU respectively with none from critical care unit, intensive cardiac care unit and general wards. Carrier rate was 4.1% at hands, axilla and throat. Four antibiogram types of A. baumannii from carriers were associated with 46.88% (45/96) of nosocomial infections in ICUs during study period of 6 months. Carrier rate decreased to 4.87% (in repeat samples after 8 weeks) without new infection control practices due to decreasing in the exposure to the pathogen after eight carriers were shifted outside the ICUs for administrative reasons. Conclusions: A. baumanii carriers (HCWs) act as source/reservoirs for nosocomial infections. Constant exposure of HCWs to ICU environment and predisposing risk factors are associated with the acquisition of the carrier state.
Cold chain and virus‐free oral polio booster vaccine made in lettuce chloroplasts confers protection against all three poliovirus serotypes

Summary To prevent vaccine‐associated paralytic poliomyelitis, WHO recommended withdrawal of Oral Polio Vaccine (Serotype‐2) and a single dose of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV). IPV however is expensive, requires cold chain, injections and offers limited intestinal mucosal immunity, essential to prevent polio reinfection in countries with open sewer system. To date, there is no virus‐free and cold chain‐free polio vaccine capable of inducing robust mucosal immunity. We report here a novel low‐cost, cold chain/poliovirus‐free, booster vaccine using poliovirus capsid protein (VP1, conserved in all serotypes) fused with cholera non‐toxic B subunit (CTB) expressed in lettuce chloroplasts. PCR using unique primer sets confirmed site‐specific integration of CTB‐VP1 transgene cassettes. Absence of the native chloroplast genome in Southern blots confirmed homoplasmy. Codon optimization of the VP1 coding sequence enhanced its expression 9–15‐fold in chloroplasts. GM1‐ganglioside receptor‐binding ELISA confirmed pentamer assembly of CTB‐VP1 fusion protein, fulfilling a key requirement for oral antigen delivery through gut epithelium. Transmission Electron Microscope images and hydrodynamic radius analysis confirmed VP1‐VLPs of 22.3 nm size. Mice primed with IPV and boosted three times with lyophilized plant cells expressing CTB‐VP1co, formulated with plant‐derived oral adjuvants, enhanced VP1‐specific IgG1, VP1‐IgA titres and neutralization (80%–100% seropositivity of Sabin‐1, 2, 3). In contrast, IPV single dose resulted in <50% VP1‐IgG1 and negligible VP1‐IgA titres, poor neutralization and seropositivity (<20%, <40% Sabin 1,2). Mice orally boosted with CTB‐VP1co, without IPV priming, failed to produce any protective neutralizing antibody. Because global population is receiving IPV single dose, booster vaccine free of poliovirus or cold chain offers a timely low‐cost solution to eradicate polio.
Do patients with high-functioning autism have similar social cognitive deficits as patients with a chronic cause of schizophrenia?

Abstract Objective: There is substantial evidence that both patients with schizophrenia and patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have impaired social cognition including theory of mind (ToM) deficits. However, it remains unclear if both verbal (explicit) and non-verbal (implicit) ToM as well as social perception are similarly affected in both disorders. Methods: Twenty-one patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 11 patients diagnosed with ASD were matched one-to-one to healthy controls based on gender, age, and educational level. Social functioning was measured by Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Neurocognition was measured using Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS-DK), and four subtests from Wechsler Adult Intelligence (WAIS-IV) scale were applied to estimate IQ. The Animated Triangles Task was used to measure implicit ToM, while explicit ToM and social perception were measured by The Awareness and Social Inference Test (TASIT). Results: Patients with schizophrenia had deficits in implicit ToM and complex social perception compared to their matched controls, but no problems with explicit ToM. Surprisingly, patients with ASD solely had deficits with regard to complex social perception compared to their matched controls. The two patient groups were similar regarding estimated IQ, social functioning and years of education, but differed in age and neurocognition. When adjusting the p-values for age and neurocognitive deficits, both patients groups had similar social cognitive deficits. Conclusions: Results imply that we compared schizophrenia patients with substantial neurocognitive deficits to a group of high-functioning patients with ASD. However, these two subgroups may have the same level of social cognitive deficits.
Los procedimientos de autoayuda para dejar de fumar

Taking into account the high prevalence of smokers that we have in Spain and that represents an impor tant public health problem, it is evident that it would not be possible to do clinical programs for all them. Furthermore, most of the smokers prefer smoking cessation by themselves. Because of this, it is important that procedures are put in place that permit the treatment of a large number of subjects and makes treatment more approachable to smokers. A useful resource for this purpose is the self-help procedures. This study will consider the most commonly used self-help interventions for smoking cessation and evaluate the effectiveness of these. This begins with self-help manuals, and continuing with interventions by mail and those with telephone support, in both reactive and proactive formats. The study concludes that of the procedures analysed, the most commonly used is the self-help manual and the intervention by mail combined with telephone support by a counse llor (proactive) proves to obtain the best results as well as being the most similar to clinical procedures.
Changing the Culture of Tumor Tissue Biobanking in a Tertiary Referral Hospital Using an Audit and Feedback Strategy

We examined whether the introduction of an audit and feedback strategy applied to specimens dissected at the John Hunter Hospital anatomical pathology department improved the number of formalin fixed tumor specimens sampled by anatomical pathology registrars for the Hunter Cancer Biobank. During the audit period (1/7/16 to 30/6/17) a total of 949 tumor specimens were sampled for the biobank compared with 393 of the previous year (1/7/15 to 30/6/16) resulting in a 141% increase in specimens biobanked. A targeted group of previously underrepresented specimen types, including brain, lung, and lymph node tumors were studied in depth to establish which specimens were sampled and which potentially biobankable specimens were “missed”. In this targeted group there was a 285% increase in the number of specimens biobanked and a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in tumor sampling in all three specimen types over the audit period compared with the previous year. In conclusion, the introduction of an audit and feedback strategy improved tumor tissue collection for biobanking. A potential drawback of email feedback is that overfixation may occur due to administrative time lag and these specimens must be documented accordingly because some tests are dependent on an optimal fixation time. Taking extra blocks for biobanking on all potential tumor specimens with excess tumor tissue at the time of cut-up can alleviate this problem.
RECASTing Racial Stress and Trauma: Theorizing the Healing Potential of Racial Socialization in Families

For youth and adults of color, prolonged exposure to racial discrimination may result in debilitating psychological, behavioral, and health outcomes. Research has suggested that race-based traumatic stress can manifest from direct and vicarious discriminatory racial encounters (DREs) that impact individuals during and after an event. To help their children prepare for and prevent the deleterious consequences of DREs, many parents of color utilize racial socialization (RS), or communication about racialized experiences. Although RS research has illuminated associations between RS and youth well-being indicators (i.e., psychosocial, physiological, academic, and identity-related), findings have mainly focused on RS frequency and endorsement in retrospective accounts and not on how RS is transmitted and received, used during in-the-moment encounters, or applied to reduce racial stress and trauma through clinical processes. This article explores how systemic and interpersonal DREs require literate, active, and bidirectional RS to repair from race-based traumatic stress often overlooked by traditional stress and coping models and clinical services. A novel theory (Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization Theory [RECAST]), wherein RS moderates the relationship between racial stress and self-efficacy in a path to coping and well-being, is advanced. Greater RS competency is proposed as achievable through intentional and mindful practice. Given heightened awareness to DREs plaguing youth, better understanding of how RS processes and skills development can help youth and parents heal from the effects of past, current, and future racial trauma is important. A description of proposed measures and RECAST’s use within trauma-focused clinical practices and interventions for family led healing is also provided.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Pathology After Shotgun Injury to the Brain

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was initially conceptualized in boxers, but has extended to other athletes in recent years, albeit with limited clinical correlations. It is often asserted that CTE pathology represents the substrate for progressive neurodegenerative disease. We report the case of a shotgun injury to the brain with 42‐year survival and no neurological disease progression until shortly before death. The decedent had no other traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure and did not play football or other high energy collision sport. Neuropathological examination confirmed tissue damage, but additionally demonstrated localized patterns of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) meeting criteria for CTE pathology. P‐tau and TDP‐43 deposits within marginal tissue of damaged brain were also present focally. No amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposits were present. These findings indicate that CTE pathology may occur following a single, severe TBI.
High-Fidelity Simulation: An Application to Psychopharmacological Training for the Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Student

Abstract As the demand for Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs) continues to grow, innovative teaching strategies that can enhance competency learning with skill transfer into the clinical setting is essential. Educational programs must adequately prepare the student for the complexity of the clinical environment. Simulation is an educational approach that replicates aspects of the real world in a safe environment so that learners can engage in an interactive manner. High-fidelity simulation (HFS) has been identified as an effective teaching strategy and mechanism to transfer knowledge and skills learned in the classroom to the clinical setting. HFS uses a human patient simulator to immerse the learner in a contextual learning environment by engaging in a realistic clinical scenario to develop cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills through deliberate practice. This article describes the theoretical foundation, development process, case scenarios, and implementation of HFS, an innovative teaching pedagogy, in a Psychopharmacology didactic course for PMHNP.
Long non-coding RNA POLR2E gene polymorphisms increased the risk of prostate cancer in a sample of the Iranian population

Abstract The current study aimed to examine the impact of POLR2E rs1046040 and rs3787016 polymorphisms on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a sample of southeast Iranian population. The present case-control study was performed on 178 patients with PCa and 180 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Genotyping of the variants was done by mismatch PCR-RFLP. The findings showed that the rs3787016 C > T variant significantly increased the risk of PCa in codominant (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.12-3.03, P = 0.018, CT vs CC), dominant (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.63-3.05, P = 0.011, CT + TT vas CC) and allele (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.52-2.72, P = 0.010, T vs C) inheritance model. Regarding rs1046040 C > T polymorphism, the findings revealed that the CT genotype significantly increased the risk of PCa compared to the CC genotype (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.03-2.49, P = 0.043). Furthermore, rs3787016 CT/rs1046040 CC as well as rs3787016 CT/rs1046040 CT increased the risk of PCa compared to the CC/CC genotype (p = 0.029 and p = 0.014, respectively). Haplotype analysis proposed that rs3787016 T/rs1046040 C significantly increased the risk of PCa compared to C/C (p = 0.037). No significant association was observed between POLR2E variants and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa patients. In conclusion, the findings propose that POLR2E variants may be a risk factor for susceptibility to PCa in a sample of Iranian population.
Indicators of adolescents’ preference to receive oral health information using social media

Abstract Objectives: To assess (1) adolescents’ preference to use social media (SM) to receive oral health information (OHI) and (2) factors associated with this preference. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia including male middle school students. A questionnaire assessed explanatory variables including background, previous OHI seeking practices, internet use purposes, convenience of using SM for OHI and perceived usefulness of obtained OHI. The outcome variable was respondents’ preference to use SM to receive OHI. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: The response rate was 91.2% (456/500). Of those, 57.5% preferred using SM to receive OHI. The odds for this were significantly associated with being Saudi (OR = 3.12, 95%CI = 1.36, 7.18), previously using Twitter (OR = 4.59, 95%CI = 1.77, 11.89) and Instagram for OHI (OR = 2.60, 95%CI = 1.51, 4.45), frequent use of the internet to obtain OHI (OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.02, 1.54) and ease of obtaining OHI using the Internet (OR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.5, 4.39). Conclusion: Most adolescents preferred using SM to receive OHI. This was associated with previous OHI seeking practices and convenience of using SM. These findings have implications for designing SM-based health education campaigns targeting adolescents.
Reproductive Senescence in Drones of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)

In the face of high proportions of yearly colony losses, queen health and fecundity has been a major focus of industry and research. Much of the reproductive quality of the queen, though, is a function of the mating success and quality of the drones (males). Many environmental factors can negatively impact drone semen quality, but little is known about factors that impact the drones’ ability to successfully mate and deliver that semen, or how widely drones vary. In our study, we observed the daily variation in honey bee drone reproductive quality over time, along with a number of morphological traits. Drones were reared in cages in bank colonies, and 20 individuals were dissected and measured daily. The number of viable spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles was zero at emergence and reached an average maximum of 7.39 ± 0.19 million around 20 days of life. Decline in spermatozoa count occurred after day 30, though viability was constant throughout life, when controlling for count. Older drones had smaller wet weights, head widths, and wing lengths. We predict that this is likely due to sampling bias due to a differential lifespan among larger, more reproductively developed drones. Our study shows that drones are more highly variable than previously suggested and that they have a significant variation in reproductive physiology as a function of age.