Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L’implication (ou l’engagement ?) au travail : quoi de neuf ?

Cette contribution theorique examine la rupture progressive de la conceptualisation en trois composantes de l’implication au travail elaboree par Meyer et Allen [1991]. La proposition de Klein, Molloy et Brinsfield en 2012, precedee par celles de Cohen [2007] et de Solinger, Van Olffen et Roe [2008] offre un panaroma des reflexions conceptuelles novatrices de l’implication et de sa mesure. Nous rappelons les travaux fondateurs de Mowday, Porter et Steers [1982] et de Morrow [1983, 1993] pour mieux comprendre les critiques recurrentes portees au modele de Meyer et Allen et l’apport de l’article de Klein et al. qui remet en question la definition de l’implication en presentant un continuum de liens psychologiques. Ces differents types de liens sont consideres comme des construits distincts et non comme differentes formes d’implication. L’implication au travail est ainsi definie comme un type particulier de lien, applicable a plusieurs cibles, et refletant le devouement volontaire et la responsabilite pour une cible. Cette nouvelle conceptualisation facilite l’etude de l’implication multiple mais ne dit rien des profils de salaries caracterises par des liens multiples a l’egard d’une meme cible ou de cibles differentes. Les consequences des evolutions progressives et de cette recente proposition sur la terminologie utilisee dans la recherche francophone sont egalement discutees.
Observation of Magnetic Multilayers by Electron Holography

Magnetic structures of Co/Cu multilayers in cross section are observed by two kinds of electron holography: a Fourier method and a phase-shifting method, which is introduced briefly. The Fourier method can easily reconstruct wave functions and is applied to many specimens, whereas the phase-shifting method requires longer time for processing, but has a higher spatial resolution that permits us to discuss fine structures. Magnetization vectors in Co layers aligning parallel and separating into two blocks with antiparallel alignment are observed. Magnetic blurring on the boundary between Co and Cu in the reconstructed phase images is larger than the estimated atomic roughness.
Integrated Passive Devices on Through Silicon Interposer with Re-distribution Layers

This paper presents the design, integration and characterization of integrated passive devices (IPDs) on low cost through silicon interposer (LC-TSI). The performances of symmetrical spiral and 3D inductors are presented and analyzed in this paper. Realizing the integration of MIM capacitor with polymer-based RDL process, Ti/Ta/TaN resistors and high-Q inductors into LC-TSI platform fabrication together is discussed. The performance of these structures is given and the results show that the TSI platform is an attractive and promising method as a carrier to design IPDs.
Zeitstabilität der Nutzerwahrnehmung: Bewertung von Website-Inhalten

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, wie zeitlich stabil die Bewertung von Website-Inhalten ist. Insgesamt 212 Probanden (59% Frauen) bewerteten jeweils eine von acht Websites dreimal in einem Zeitraum von 2 Wochen. Die Beurteilung des Inhaltes erfolgte mit dem Fragebogen zur Wahrnehmung von Website-Inhalten (WWI), die Websites wurden während der Befragung voll funktionsfähig präsentiert. Sowohl für die Gesamtscores als auch für die Subskalen Gefallen, Qualität & Nutzen, Verständlichkeit sowie Glaubwürdigkeit fanden sich hohe Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen den drei Messzeitpunkten. Die Wahrnehmung von Websites wird folglich stabil durch den WWI erfasst.
Neuroprotection by the Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor SC-236 Results in Improvements in Behavioral Deficits Induced by Reversible Spinal Cord Ischemia

Background and Purpose Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that is induced in the central nervous system after various insults, has been localized to neurons and in cells associated with the cerebral vasculature, where it may be involved in the inflammatory component of the ischemic cascade. COX-2 is part of the initial reaction that involves the arachidonic acid cascade, which produces molecules that support an inflammatory response. The present study evaluated the pharmacological effects of a specific long-acting COX-2 inhibitor, SC-236, in a reversible rabbit spinal cord ischemia model using clinical rating scores (behavioral analysis) as the primary end point. Methods SC-236 was administered (10 to 100 mg/kg SC) 5 minutes after the start of occlusion to groups of rabbits exposed to ischemia induced by temporary (10 to 40 minutes) occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. Behavioral analysis, which allowed for the calculation of an ET50 value representing the duration of ischemia (minutes) associated with a 50% probability of resultant permanent paraplegia, was conducted 18 and 48 hours later. A drug was determined to be neuroprotective if it prolonged the ET50 significantly compared with the appropriate control group. Results Since SC-236 is not readily soluble in aqueous solutions, it was dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for subcutaneous administration. Therefore, the vehicle-treated control group consisted of rabbits given an equal volume of DMSO without drug. In the DMSO-treated control group, the ET50 assessed 18 hours after initiation of aortal occlusion was 18.84±3.19 minutes. In contrast, treatment with 100 mg/kg of SC-236 given 5 minutes after the start of occlusion prolonged the ET50 of the group significantly to 30.04±3.55, an effect that was still evident 48 hours later. In addition, lower doses of the drug (10 and 50 mg/kg) also showed a trend for an increase in ET50. SC-236 (100 mg/kg) did not significantly alter body temperature after a subcutaneous injection. Conclusions The present study suggests that COX-2 plays an important role in the ischemic cascade of events that translate into ischemia-induced behavioral deficits and furthermore that selective COX-2 inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of ischemic stroke to improve behavioral functions.
Human energy expenditure.

HYSIOLOGICAL STUDY of man's food needs and capacity for physical work began on a systematic basis about seventy years ago. Following upon Atwater's classic experiments with a human calorimeter at the end of the last century, the validity of using rates of oxygen consumption as the basis for measuring energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) was firmly established. Throughout this early period rates of energy expenditure during a variety of human activities were recorded. Recently there has been a renewal of interest in such measurements. This is in part due to the development of apparatus which can be conveniently applied under many industrial conditions, where it had not hitherto been practicable to use the more cumbersome apparatus designed for laboratory studies. Also, methods of work in many industries and in agriculture have changed markedly. Machines increasingly do the work formerly done by manual labor. This change is more noticeable in the highly industrialized coun.tries, but it is spreading throughout the world. Much of 'heavy' industry now consists in controlling large sources of mechanical power by means of levers and switches and the work for the human operator is often 'light. ' Further, with increased productiveness there has been a shortening of the working week. There is now time and opportunity for recreations on a scale altogether different from fifty years ago. Many recreations demand much expenditure of physical energy and a wage earner may use his muscles more in his leisure time than during his earning hours. These factors call for new assessments of human energy expenditure , Indirect calorimetry enables the energy expended to be determined while a de& nite activity is undertaken for a limited period of time, usually measured in minutes. More information is necessa.ry to assess the energy expenditure in daily life. This energy has, of course, to be provided by the food, if health and activity are to be maintained. In the past most assessments of total energy needs have been made from dietary studies. This was the method used by Voit, Atwater and others, who first stated the energy expenditure of a variety of occupations, after analyzing records of the diets consumed by persons of known employment. The method is open to the theoretical objection that it assumes that the diets consumed provide exactly enough energy with no surplus or deficiency. It provides no direct yardstick of requirement. Indeed in the East and elsewhere large numbers of …
Impact of credit guarantee on the output gap: A panel data analysis of Asian sovereigns

This paper aims to assess the impact of financial variables on output gap in a group of middle-income Asian countries such as India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand. In order to improve on the previous methodologies, this study followed a different approach by considering a binary nature of dependent variable. In order to explore role of credit guarantee, this paper considered credit guarantee to credit offtake ratio as an explanatory variable in defining output gap. Moreover, in order to get a clear picture on influence of monetary and fiscal policy, we have included revenue deficit and debt to GDP ratio along with real interest rate and inflation rate. Our Probit model ultimately proves that credit guarantee is an important factor for identifying output gap. Additionally, output gap is found to be neutral towards the movement of other financial variables.
CRANIAL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY IN CEREBRAL PALSY. AN ATTEMPT AT ANATOMO-CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS

Eighty infants with cerebral palsy including monoplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, choreoathetosis, hypotonia with mental retardation and cerebellar ataxia, underwent Computed Cranial Tomography (CCT). Specific morphological anomalies such as ventricular dilatation with or without diverticulum, cortical atrophy, low density areas and calcifications, occur with varying frequency in each clinical groups. There exists a good correlation between the pathogenesis of the lesions, clinical data and CCT pictures.
Conical horn antennas with enhanced functionalities through the use of metamaterial concepts

In this contribution, we report the results obtained by our group concerning the use of different metamaterial concepts to enhance performances and functionalities of conical horn antennas. First, we present an annular metamaterial lens to be placed on the aperture of a truncated horn antenna. The lens, consisting of an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial, is properly designed in order to compensate the phase delay of the field propagating along the short flare of the horn with respect to the one propagating along the axis. The phase compensation obtained through the lens results in a uniform phase distribution on the aperture that allows achieving the performances of an optimum antenna over the entire mono-modal frequency band. Then, we show a compact and planar component consisting of a metamaterial-inspired inclusion milled in a metallic screen and placed between the waveguide and the conical horn. At its operating frequencies the proposed inclusion allows transforming the linearly polarized field propagating along the waveguide into a circular one radiated by the conical horn. Moreover, due to its intrinsic narrow operation band, the proposed component acts as a compact filtering module able to reduce the out-of-band noise contribution and, thus, increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna receiving system.
Neurochemical alterations in women with borderline personality disorder and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Background. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with structural and functional brain changes. Recent models and findings refer to alterations of glutamate and total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) in this condition. Methods. Absolute quantities of tNAA, creatine, glutamate, glutamine, myoinositol and total choline were measured using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left anterior cingulate cortex and the left cerebellum in 14 unmedicated women with BPD and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 18 healthy women. Both groups were matched with respect to age, education and premorbid intelligence. Results. In the anterior cingulate, we found significantly higher tNAA and glutamate concentrations and a trend for lower glutamine levels in women with BPD and comorbid ADHD as compared to healthy women. There were no significant group differences in cerebellar metabolite concentrations. Conclusions. Glutamatergic changes in the anterior cingulate may be associated with BPD and comorbid ADHD. Increased anterior cingulate tNAA may indicate disturbed energy metabolism or impaired frontal maturation.
L’anhédonie dans la dépression unipolaire : de son évaluation à sa prise en charge

La depression unipolaire, pathologie psychiatrique frequente, constitue un enjeu de sante publique majeur puisque predite premiere cause d’incapacite dans les annees 2030 par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS). Son diagnostic, selon l’OMS, requiert la presence d’un des deux symptomes cardinaux suivants : la tristesse de l’humeur et/ou l’anhedonie. L’anhedonie, classiquement definie comme l’incapacite a ressentir du plaisir et de l’interet, est frequente au sein de la pathologie depressive. Elle constitue un facteur de gravite de la depression, et un facteur predictif de mauvaise reponse aux traitements antidepresseurs. Ce symptome presente souvent une apparence univoque et preservee depuis sa definition originelle. Ce travail permet d’aborder dans un premier temps les approches historiques, categorielles mais aussi conceptuelles de l’anhedonie depuis sa definition princeps jusqu’a nos jours. Ainsi, l’importance des liens avec le processus de la recompense fait emerger une conception de l’anhedonie en sous dimensions comprenant anhedonies consommatoire, motivationnelle et decisionnelle. Le parallelisme avec ce processus et le cycle du plaisir permet alors de definir l’anhedonie comme l’incapacite totale ou partielle a experimenter, a poursuivre et/ou apprendre du plaisir, avec des deficits dans les impacts hedoniques experimentes (liking), la motivation incitative (wanting), ou les representations et apprentissages en lien avec la recompense (learning). Une caracterisation fine du concept a l’objectif d’avoir un abord diagnostique plus precis du symptome. La litterature permet de lister les outils de psychometrie empiriques permettant une evaluation du plaisir experimente, dont la SHAPS. Elle retrouve des outils recents evaluant les autres composants du processus de recompense. En parallele, l’utilisation de tâches comportementales, plus objectives, est essentiellement axee sur les evaluations du wanting et du learning. Enfin, les techniques de prise en charge qu’elles soient pharmacologiques ou non, permettent de clarifier la place a ce jour de l’anhedonie comme levier dans la prise en charge de la depression unipolaire. La litterature permet d’entrevoir une limite d’efficacite des antidepresseurs actifs sur la serotonine. De plus il est retrouve un interet des therapies cognitivo-comportementales et des techniques de stimulation cerebrale dans le traitement specifique de ce symptome.
Vpliv veziv na tiskanje in delovanje litij žveplovih baterij

Namen magistrskega dela je bil izdelati delujoce tiskane litij-žveplove baterije, ki bodo imele za vezivo v katodah uporabljene razlicne materiale. V teoreticnem delu naloge so predstavljene osnove elektrokemije, lastnosti in delovanje baterij, njihova zgodovina ter osnove delovanja litij-žveplovih baterij. Opisane so tudi osnove o povrsinski prosti energiji, ki je pri tisku zelo pomembna. V tem poglavju je nekaj besed namenjenih tudi plazmi in obdelavi povrsin z njo. Predstavljene so osnove reologije, saj ima viskoznost velik vpliv na tiskanje v tehniki sitotiska. Prav tako je v teoreticnem delu predstavljena tehnika sitotiska in pregled dotedanjih raziskav tiskanih baterij. V eksperimentalnem delu je najprej predstavljena izdelava aktivnega materiala za katode v litij-žveplovih baterijah, nato se postopek impregnacije elementarnega žvepla v ogljik. Najvecji del pa je namenjen raziskavi o vezivih. Predstavljena so veziva karboksimetil celuloza, poliviniliden fluorid in polimerne ionske tekocine. Opisani so tudi postopki priprave suspenzij za tiskanje za vsa tri razlicna veziva in njihove reoloske lastnosti. Predstavljen je tudi postopek uporabe atmosferske plazme za zvisevanje povrsinske proste energije tokovnega nosilca. Opisan je postopek tiskanja in kasnejsa izdelava litij-žveplovih baterij. V poglavju Rezultati in razprava so predstavljeni rezultati obdelave povrsine aluminijeve folije z atmosfersko plazmo, s katero je zvisana povrsinska prosta energija. Predstavljeni so rezultati tiskanja, SEM posnetki povrsin in precnih prerezov, s katerimi so prikazane tudi debeline nanosov in kvaliteta adhezije nanosa na tiskovni material. Sledijo se rezultati reoloskih meritev suspenzij za katode in elektrokemijski rezultati, predstavljeni z grafi, ki kažejo delovanje baterij ter krivulje polnjenja in praznjenja.
Immune regulation and viral diversity as correlates of natural and treatment induced immune control in persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection

In long-lasting chronic hepatitis B, the phenomenon of cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) exhaustion and unresponsiveness to HBV-specific stimuli was shown to be crucial for the loss of immune control of the virus and disease activity. There is evidence that Tregs, Th17 cells and Bregs seem to be important in pathogenesis of the immunological dysfunction and loss of HBV-specific activity of cytotoxic CD8 T-cells. Th17-driven immune response was shown to be important in pathogenesis of acute HBV infection and exacerbated chronic hepatitis B along with Th1 response contributing to hepatocellular damage due to proinflammatory activities of Th17-derived cytokines, mainly IL-17A. Treg cell responses may be either beneficial or harmful in HBV infection by limiting liver immunopathology or suppressing protective T cell responses, thus promoting virus replication and survival. Thus, Treg/Th17 equilibrium seems to be crucial for the outcomes of HBV infection.
[Etiology analysis of 628 patients with refractory hypertension].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the etiology of 628 patients with refractory hypertension and to observe the disease distribution with respect to gender and different age groups. METHODS In this study, clinical data of 628 refractory hypertensives who hospitalized in our hospital from September 1997 to December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS (1) There were 80.1% (503/628) patients with essential hypertension, 18.9% (119/628) with secondary hypertension (SH) while diagnosis was not clear in 1.0% (6/628) patients. Renovascular hypertension (33.6%) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (23.5%) were the major causes of SH. The highest prevalence rate of endocrine hypertension was primary aldosteronism (13.5%). (2) There were significantly more male patients than female patients with essential hypertension, SH, renal hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, primary aldosteronism while the incidence of pheochromocytoma in female was significantly higher than that in male patients (all P < 0.05). The incidence of renovascular hypertension was similar between male and female patients. (3) SH occurred more often in young patients (33.1%) than in aged patients (13.8%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data from this patient cohort showed that SH, especially renovascular hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are major causes for refractory hypertension in young patients and primary aldosteronism was the commonest reason of endocrine hypertension in youth and middle-aged patients with refractory hypertension.
Colonic mucus and mucosal glycoproteins: the key to colitis and cancer?

One of the more consistent features of ulcerative colitis is its tendency to affect the distal rather than the proximal colon yet many of the hypotheses for its aetiology have failed to take this into account. The distribution of colitis can most easily be explained by an interaction between the mucosa and some intraluminal agent that is secreted or released into the colon so rising in concentration from the proximal to the distal colon. One hypothesis consistent with this is that there may be an altered relationship between mucus and the mucus degrading enzymes that are secreted by some colonic bacteria. '
Identification of the Potassium Channel Opener Site on Sulfonylurea Receptors*

Diversity of sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits underlies tissue specific pharmacology of KATPchannels, which represent critical regulators of electrical activity in numerous cells. Notably, the neuronal/pancreatic β-cell receptor, SUR1, imparts high sensitivity to hypoglycemic sulfonylureas (SUs;e.g. glibenclamide) and low to potassium channel openers (KCOs; e.g. P1075), whereas the opposite drug sensitivities are conferred by cardiovascular receptors, SUR2A and SUR2B. By exchanging domains between SUR1 and SUR2B, we identify two regions (KCO I: Thr1059–Leu1087 and KCO II: Arg1218–Asn1320; rat SUR2 numbering) within the second set of transmembrane domains (TMDII) as critical for KCO binding. Swapping both regions reconstitutes KCO affinities and sensitivities of the donor SUR isoform. High glibenclamide affinity of SUR1 is not reduced by transfer of KCO I plus II from SUR2B, demonstrating that high SU and KCO affinity can coexist in the same SUR molecule. Consistently, high SU affinity was imparted on SUR2B by substituting the region separating KCO I and II (Ile1088–Val1217) with the corresponding domain of SUR1. We infer the receptor sites for KCOs and SUs to be closely associated within a regulatory domain (Thr1059–Asn1320) in TMDII of SURs.
Clustering approaches for temporal microarray gene expression data

Clustering is the division of data into groups of similar objects. Temporal gene expression data has the potential to generate a great deal of biological knowledge using microarray technology. In this paper, we explore and implement different gene clustering methods for temporal microarray expression data, and propose a combined method to improve upon previous methods. We propose that pre-clustering with a Transitional State Discrimination algorithm (Template-Based), as well as a TC_linkage_infer algorithm (Shape-Based), and clustering with a Pointwise similarity algorithm will reduce information loss in the processing of genomic data.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy of Biliary Diseases

INTRODUCTION With the introduction of innovative endoscopic implements and options allowing for unprecedented access to the biliary tree, the therapeutic approach to biliary diseases has undergone a significant paradigm shift over the past decade toward minimally invasive endoscopic interventions. The days where biliary diseases were exclusively managed surgically are long gone, and much has changed since the first reported biliary sphincterotomies in 1974. The recent developments in peroral cholangioscopy and new modalities of anchoring high resolution nasogastric scopes in the bile duct offer the opportunity of direct visualization of the bile duct lumen, which allows for not only better identification of the underlying disease process but also for targeting of biopsies and directed lithotripsy. Other modalities that add to the growing world of biliary luminal imaging include endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and intraductal ultrasound, which enable the endoscopist to assess extrabiliary disorders. EUS-assisted fine needle aspiration (FNA) tissue sampling and immediate preliminary histopathologic analysis also assist in immediate decision making and therapeutics. Other recent advances include cuttingedge molecular imaging technology that allows the endoscopist to differentiate between benign and malignant features, thus guiding decision making in real time.