Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON BALI TOURISM SECTOR

Trade, hotel, and restaurant sector which represents tourism sector is the biggest contributor for Bali economy sector. It accounts for more than 30% of Bali income. Most of the income comes from foreign tourists’ expenditure which accounts for more than half of the local tourists’ with the foreign tourists’ arrival of 36% more of the locals’. The fact therefore underlines the importance of foreign tourist growth observation due to its significance for Bali economy. This research aims at estimating the change of tourists’ arrival because of the fluctuation of rupiah (depreciation and appreciation) which allegedly thought as one of the underlying factors affecting the number of tourists’ arrival. This research also aims at analyzing the sensitivity of foreign tourists’ to the change of traveling cost and at analyzing the tourists’ destination shift should there be any change of traveling cost and also at analyzing the characteristics of the foreign tourists affected by the exchange rate fluctuations. Event studies shows that exchange rate fluctuation does not affect foreign tourists’ decision on coming to Bali. This is due to the fact that foreign tourists’ arrival escalates regardless the exchange rate fluctuation (depreciation and appreciation). Meanwhile, descriptive analysis shows that only minority of foreign tourists are affected by exchange rate fluctuations with underlying characteristic of the country of origin. Moreover, despite the rise of traveling cost to Bali, more than 50% respondents choose to travel to Bali and although there is a change of destination, more than 30% respondents choose other Asian countries as a replacement. It is also revealed that the older the tourists, the less the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on their decision to visit Bali.
Prognostic significance of syndecan-1 expression in human endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND Syndecan-1 binds to various extracellular matrix components via its heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. The aim of this study was to investigate syndecan-1 expression in endometrial cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the expression of the syndecan-1 core protein by immunohistochemistry in 109 endometrial cancers, and analyzed correlation with various clinicopathological features, including patient outcome. RESULTS Epithelial syndecan-1 expression was significantly lower in advanced stage, high grade, deep myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lymph node metastasis, lymph vascular space involvement and positive peritoneal cytology. Stromal syndecan-1 expression was significantly higher in high-grade tumors. The disease-free and overall survival rates of patients exhibiting both low epithelial and high stromal syndecan-1 expression was poor. Multivariate analysis showed that high stromal syndecan-1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free and overall survival. Low epithelial syndecan-1 expression was a prognostic factor only in the univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Loss of epithelial syndecan-1 and induction of stromal syndecan-1 expression may be associated with tumor progression. Stromal syndecan-1 expression can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with endometrial cancer.
Dissection of functional NF-Y-RFX cooperative interactions on the MHC class II Ea promoter.

Transcription of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes depends upon the trimeric complexes RFX and NF-Y binding to the conserved X-Y promoter elements. We produced and purified the RFX subunits from Escherichia coli, reconstituted DNA-binding to the mouse Ea X box and dissected the interactions with NF-Y. RFX and NF-Y do not interact in solution, but make cooperative interactions in EMSA: a minimal NF-Y, composed of the evolutionary conserved domains, is sufficient and the RFXAP N-terminal half is expendable. Altering the X-Y distance abolishes cooperativity, indicating that DNA imposes severe spatial constraints. When tested on a highly positioned nucleosome, RFX binds DNA well and NF-Y does not increase its affinity further. Transfections of NF-Y subunits, but not RFX, in class II negative cells improves basal transcription and coexpression of the two activators has a synergistic effect, while modestly increasing CIITA-mediated activation. These results show that interactions between the two trimers on DNA are key to MHC class II expression.
Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by exposure and/or cognitive restructuring: a controlled study.

BACKGROUND Unanswered questions from controlled studies of posttraumatic stress disorder concern the value of cognitive restructuring alone without prolonged exposure therapy and whether its combination with prolonged exposure is enhancing. METHODS In a controlled study, 87 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder of at least 6 months' duration were randomly assigned to have 10 sessions of 1 of 4 treatments: prolonged exposure (imaginal and live) alone; cognitive restructuring alone; combined prolonged exposure and cognitive restructuring; or relaxation without prolonged exposure or cognitive restructuring. RESULTS Integrity of audiotaped treatment sessions was satisfactory when rated by an assessor unaware of the treatment assignment. Seventy-seven patients completed treatment. The pattern of results was similar regardless of rater, statistical method, measure, occasion, and therapist. Exposure and cognitive restructuring, singly or combined, improved posttraumatic stress disorder markedly on a broad front. Gains continued to 6-month follow-up and were significantly greater than the moderate improvement from relaxation. CONCLUSION Both prolonged exposure and cognitive restructuring were each therapeutic on their own, were not mutually enhancing when combined, and were each superior to relaxation.
Managing Competition on a Two‐Sided Platform

On many two-sided platforms, users on one side not only care about user participation and usage levels on the other side, but they also care about participation and usage of fellow users on the same side. Most prominent is the degree of seller competition on a platform catering to buyers and sellers. In this paper, we address how seller competition affects platform pricing, product variety, and the number of platforms that carry trade.
Active site of DNA photolyase: tryptophan-306 is the intrinsic hydrogen atom donor essential for flavin radical photoreduction and DNA repair in vitro.

DNA photolyases repair cyclobutadipyrimidines (Pyr()Pyr) in DNA by photoinduced electron transfer. The enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli contains methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF), which functions as photoantenna, and FADH2, which is the redox-active cofactor. During purification, FADH2 is oxidized to the blue neutral radical form, FADH. , which has greatly diminished activity. Previous nanosecond flash photolysis studies [Heelis, P.F. , Okamura, T. , & Sancar, A. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 5694-5698] indicated that excitation of FADH. either directly by absorbing a photon or indirectly by electronic energy transfer from MTHF excited singlet state yielded an FADH. quartet which abstracted a hydrogen atom from a nearby tryptophan to generate the catalytically competent FADH2 from of the enzyme. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we replaced all 15 photolyase tryptophan residues by phenylalanine, individually, in order to identify the internal hydrogen atom donor responsible for photoreduction. We found that W306F mutation abolished photoreduction of FADH. without affecting the excited-state properties of FADH. or the substrate binding (KA approximately 10(9) M-1) of the enzyme. The specificity constant (kcat/km) was approximately 0 for the mutant enzyme in the absence of reducing agents in the reaction mixture, indicating that photoreduction of FADH. is an essential step for photorepair by photolyase in vitro. Chemical reduction of FADH. of the mutant enzyme restored the specificity constant to the wild-type level.
Progress towards understanding anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty

Met het onderzoek dat beschreven is in dit proefschrift wordt beoogd een beter begrip te krijgen van voorste kniepijn (VKP) na plaatsing van een totale knieprothese (TKP). Dit is gedaan door de volgende vragen te beantwoorden: Welke structuren voor in de knie spelen een rol bij de aanwezigheid van VKP? Welke vragenlijst is geschikt om VKP na een TKP te meten? Heeft een TKP met een mobiel lager een gunstig effect op de afwezigheid van VKP vergeleken met een TKP met een vast lager? Kan het mobiele lager een afwijkende plaatsing van de TKP corrigeren?
Numerical Investigation of the Fracture Mechanism of Defective Graphene Sheets

Despite the unique occurrences of structural defects in graphene synthesis, the fracture mechanism of a defective graphene sheet has not been fully understood due to the complexities of the defects. In this study, the fracture mechanism of the monolayer graphene with four common types of defects (single vacancy defect, divacancy defect, Stone–Wales defect and line vacancy defect) were investigated systematically for mechanical loading along armchair and zigzag directions, by using the finite element method. The results demonstrated that all four types of defects could cause significant fracture strength loss in graphene sheet compared with the pristine one. In addition, the results revealed that the stress concentration occurred at the carbon–carbon bonds along the same direction as the displacement loading due to the deficiency or twist of carbon–carbon bonds, resulting in the breaking of the initial crack point in the graphene sheet. The fracture of the graphene sheet was developed following the direction of the breaking of carbon–carbon bonds, which was opposite to that of the displacement loading.
Nitric Oxide Mediates Intestinal Pathology But Not Immune Expulsion During Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice1

The relationship between intestinal pathology and immune expulsion of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes remains controversial. Although immune expulsion of GI helminth parasites is usually associated with Th2 responses, the effector mechanisms directly responsible for parasite loss have not been identified. We have previously shown that while the intestinal pathology accompanying the expulsion of the GI parasite Trichinella spiralis may be dependent on IL-4 and mediated by TNF, parasite loss is independent of TNF. In contrast, intestinal pathology in other disease models has been attributed to Th1 cytokines, although it closely resembles that seen in helminth infections. Whereas production of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the gut is important for both homeostasis of the epithelial layer and in protection against pathogenic microorganisms, overproduction of NO has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory conditions. We therefore investigated the role of NO in T. spiralis infection using iNOS-deficient mice. iNOS−/− and iNOS-/+ mice were infected with T. spiralis, and parasite expulsion and intestinal pathology were followed. Parasite expulsion proceeded similarly in both groups of animals, but significant intestinal pathology was only observed in the heterozygous mice. Thus it appears that, although the protective effects of Th2 responses in GI helminth infection do not require NO, this mediator contributes substantially to the associated enteropathy. NO may therefore be an important mediator of enteropathy in both Th1- and Th2-inducing conditions.
The Determinants of International Student Demand in New Zealand and the OECD

Tertiary education, once a purely domestic affair, has become an increasingly globalised industry over previous decades. Whilst the international sector has grown to being New Zealand's fourth largest export market (Ministry of Education, 2016), there is a lack of credible research on the demand of international students. This thesis aims to provide a greater understanding of the determinants of international student demand, both in New Zealand and internationally. I firstly provide a descriptive analysis of the trends in the international student market for New Zealand and 27 OECD countries. Secondly, I use a fixed-effects approach to analyse the demand of international students within New Zealand, using fees data at the course-by-university level. Thirdly, I then generalise this approach to the international market to provide an analysis of the demand for international students travelling to the OECD. The findings from these analyses imply that the demand for international university education is relatively inelastic. The impact of a marginal increase in fees decreases the number of EFTS/students at a proportion of less than one. Furthermore, this effect is generally not statistically distinguishable from zero.
Recombinant, Replication-Defective Adenovirus Gene Transfer Vectors Induce Cell Cycle Dysregulation and Inappropriate Expression of Cyclin Proteins

ABSTRACT First-generation adenovirus (Ad) vectors that had been rendered replication defective by removal of the E1 region of the viral genome (ΔE1) or lacking the Ad E3 region in addition to E1 sequences (ΔE1ΔE3) induced G2 cell cycle arrest and inhibited traverse across G1/S in primary and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell cycle arrest was independent of the cDNA contained in the expression cassette and was associated with the inappropriate expression and increase in cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D, and cyclin-dependent kinase p34 cdc2 protein levels. In some instances, infection with ΔE1 or ΔE1ΔE3 Ad vectors produced aneuploid DNA histogram patterns and induced polyploidization as a result of successive rounds of cell division without mitosis. Cell cycle arrest was absent in cells infected with a second-generation ΔE1Ad vector in which all of the early region E4 except the sixth open reading frame was also deleted. Consequently, E4 viral gene products present in ΔE1 or ΔE1ΔE3 Ad vectors induce G2 growth arrest, which may pose new and unintended consequences for human gene transfer and gene therapy.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Compression Garments on Autonomic Nervous System Recovery After Exercise

Abstract Piras, A and Gatta, G. Evaluation of the effectiveness of compression garments on autonomic nervous system recovery after exercise. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1636–1643, 2017—The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the recovery pattern of a whole-body compression garment on hemodynamic parameters and on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity after a swimming performance. Ten young male athletes were recruited and tested in 2 different days, with and without wearing the garment during the recovery phase. After a warm-up of 15 minutes, athletes were instructed to perform a maximal 400-m freestyle swimming event, and then time series of beat-to-beat intervals for heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and hemodynamic parameters were recorded for 90 minutes of recovery. The vagally mediated high frequency (HF) power of R-R intervals, NN50, and pNN50 showed a faster recovery due to the costume; meanwhile, the low frequency (LF) spectral component of HRV (LFRR) index of sympathetic modulation of the heart and the LF:HF ratio and BRS alpha index (&agr;LF) were augmented in control than in garment condition. When athletes wore the swimsuit, cardiac output was increased and the returning of the blood to the heart, investigated as stroke volume, was kept constant because of the reduction of the total peripheral resistances. During control condition, heart rate (HR) was restored back to baseline value 20 minutes later with respect to garment condition, confirming that the swimsuit recover faster. The effectiveness of the swimsuit on ANS activity after a maximal aerobic performance has been shown with a greater recovery in terms of HRV and hemodynamic parameters. Baroreflex sensitivity was reduced in both conditions, maybe due to prolonged vasodilatation that may have also influenced the postexercise hypotension.
Cross-Cultural Application of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” Odor Identification Test

Background Odor identification tasks are an important tool for the clinical assessment of olfactory function. However, cultural differences prevent odor identification tests from being used in different countries, because odor identification is strongly dependent on familiarity with these odors. The “Sniffin’ Sticks” olfactory test has been developed in Europe and is used for assessment of olfactory function in many European countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” odor identification test in an area with a different culture compared with its place of origin. Methods The 16 odors in the “Sniffin’ Stick” odor identification test were kept the same but some descriptors were changed compared with the original version. One odor was presented for 3 seconds. Then, subjects chose an item from a list of four descriptors. Two hundred two subjectively normosmic subjects were tested. Forty-two subjects were retested 1 week after the first test. Results Mean odor identification scores of age groups 18–35 years, 36–55 years, and >55 years were 14.8, 14.7, and 13.3, respectively. The score at the 10th percentile was 13.0 in the youngest group of subjects. Age-related decrease of odor identification scores was clearly established. The decrease of the odor identification score was most obvious in subjects aged 63–67 years. The coefficient of correlation between test and retest was 0.76. Conclusion After revision of the descriptors, the “Sniffin’ Sticks” odor identification test appears to be suited for assessment of olfactory identification function in an Asian region.
Cytoplasmic liberation of protein gene product 9.5 during the seasonal regulation of spermatogenesis in the monkey (Macaca fuscata).

Primate spermatogenesis is distinguished by yet unidentified mechanisms to regulate its spermatogenetic activity. In contrast to the well documented hormonal regulators, the cellular events responsible for the regulation of the spermatogenesis has not been addressed. By using PGP 9.5-immunohistochemistry, our previous study demonstrated that the monkey spermatogonia are divided into two distinct sub-populations, i.e. cytoplasmic PGP 9.5-positive and cytoplasmic PGP 9.5-negative spermatogonia. By comparing the cytoplasmic expression of PGP 9.5 between the breeding and nonbreeding seasons of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in association with PCNA labeling, the present study demonstrates that the cytoplasmic PGP 9.5-positive Ap spermatogonia significantly increases when the spermatogenetic activity declines in the nonbreeding season. An ultrastructural subcellular localization of PGP 9.5 suggests that the increase of the cytoplasmic PGP 9.5 expression is due to a liberation of PGP 9.5 molecule from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The results provide a theoretical basis by which PGP 9.5 serves as a novel marker for spermatogonial subtypes, which will have further implications for future studies on spermatogenesis. The analysis using this novel marker suggests that the Ap spermatogonia is a key stage to regulate the amount of the sperm produced in response to the hormonal regulators, and the cytoplasmic liberation of PGP 9.5 may serve as a pivotal phenomenon that enables the fully restorable, transient suppression of spermatogenesis in primate.
Is it all in the eye of the beholder? Benefits of living in mixed-income neighborhoods in New York and Los Angeles

ABSTRACT Scholarly attention to mixed-income neighborhoods has come predominantly from studying the effects of federally funded housing policies, such as Empowerment Zone programs and the HOPE VI Urban Demonstration program, which was replaced by the Choice Neighborhoods program. These programs operate on the assumption that economic integration is beneficial to lower income residents. We believe that it is important to learn more about the already existing mixed-income neighborhoods, for which empirical evidence is lacking. We address 2 research questions: Do mixed-income neighborhoods create a beneficial context? Have mixed-income neighborhoods fared better during the mortgage foreclosure crisis? Applying 2 independent empirical criteria in identifying mixed-income neighborhoods, we find that these communities do create a more advantageous context compared to lower income communities and less advantageous context compared to higher income communities.
Reflectionless Tilted Grating Couplers With Improved Coupling Efficiency Based on a Silicon Overlay

Grating couplers are important photonic devices on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible silicon-on-insulator platform to couple light between optical waveguides and free space optical components or fibers. In this letter, we report the combination of a tilted grating coupler design, which strongly suppresses the back-reflection for light incident on the grating coupler from a waveguide, and a silicon overlay locally deposited on top of the grating region, which enhances the coupling efficiency of the grating coupler, by means of simulation and experiment. The fabricated tilted focusing grating couplers with silicon overlay show a coupling efficiency of -2.2 dB in combination with a back-reflection of around -40 dB when excited from the silicon waveguide. The tilted design also provides an alternative approach to enhance the transmission of a grating coupler when the thickness of the Si overlay is not optimized.
Association of cardiac autonomic function measures with severity of sleep‐disordered breathing in a community‐based sample

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that spectral indices of heart rate variability, such as high‐frequency power (HFP), low‐to‐high frequency power (LHR), and their respiration‐adjusted counterparts (HFPra, LHRra) are correlated with severity of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), as quantified by the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). A total of 436 subjects, non‐smoking, normotensive, and free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes were selected from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). Of these, 288 records with sufficiently high quality electrocardiogram signals were selected for further analysis [males/females: 221/67; age: 46.1 to 74.9 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.5 to 46.4 kg m−2; 0.3 < RDI < 85.0−1]. From each polysomnogram, the respiration channels (thoracic and abdominal) and R‐R interval (RRI) derived from the electrocardiogram were subjected to spectral analysis and autoregressive moving average modeling in consecutive 5‐min segments. After adjusting for age and BMI, mean RRI was found to be negatively correlated with RDI in men in all sleep‐wake states (all P < 0.001). HFP and HFPra were negatively correlated with RDI in men only during wakefulness (all P < 0.01). In women, LHR and LHRra were not correlated with RDI during wakefulness, but were positively correlated during non‐rapid eye movement Stage 1 and 2 sleep (all P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the indices of cardiac autonomic control are correlated with SDB severity, but gender and state affect the nature of these correlations. In both genders, however, vagal modulation of heart rate increases while sympathetic modulation decreases from wakefulness to sleep.