Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 The Magnetic Microstructure of Nanostructured Materials

A review is given on the magnetic microstructure and magnetization processes of modern fineand nanocrystalline magnetic materials, based on Kerr-microscopical domain observation. The grain size dependence of coercivity together with typical domain images is summarized in Fig. 1. In coarse-grained material the domain character is determined by the surface orientation of the individual grains [1]. The rising influence of grain boundary domains with decreasing grain size is responsible for the characteristic 1/D dependence of coercivity. For grain sizes in the 100 nm regime, coercivity shows a maximum that can be applied for hard magnets. Immobile, patchy domains are characteristic for this regime. With further decreasing grain size, coercivity drastically falls of with D, leading to extremely soft magnetic nanocrystalline and finally amorphous material. Residual anisotropies in competition with controllable, macroscopic anisotropies are responsible for the domain character in such materials [1, 2].
Testing genuine multipartite nonlocality in phase space

We demonstrate genuine three-mode nonlocality based on phase-space formalism. A Svetlichny-type Bell inequality is formulated in terms of the s-parametrized quasiprobability function. We test such a tool using exemplary forms of three-mode entangled states, identifying the ideal measurement settings required for each state. We thus verify the presence of genuine three-mode nonlocality that cannot be reproduced by local or nonlocal hidden variable models between any two out of three modes. In our results, GHZ- and W-type nonlocality can be fully discriminated. We also study the behavior of genuine tripartite nonlocality under the effects of detection inefficiency and dissipation induced by local thermal environments. Our formalism can be useful to test the sharing of genuine multipartite quantum correlations among the elements of some interesting physical settings, including arrays of trapped ions and intracavity ultracold atoms.
Program Knowledge and Savings Outcomes in a Child Development Account Experiment

This study investigates whether participants’ program knowledge is associated with savings outcomes in Child Development Accounts and whether differences in program knowledge explain racial and ethnic disparities in savings outcomes. Analyses of data collected from treatment participants in the SEED for Oklahoma Kids (SEED OK) experiment (N = 1,139) indicate that knowledge of SEED OK program features is low: on average, participants are aware of 1.24 of three features, and averages are lower among Blacks and Hispanics. Logit and Tobit regressions show that program knowledge is positively related to likelihood of holding a SEED OK participant-owned account and to individual savings amounts. Program knowledge is estimated to contribute to racial disparities in savings outcomes: if Whites and minorities had the same levels of program knowledge, gaps in savings outcomes would significantly decline. These findings challenge the assumption, based in neoclassical economics, that individuals participate in savings programs if benefits from incentives outweigh costs of participation. Findings call for the development of policy designs and communication tools to enhance knowledge of program features among participants, especially members of racial and ethnic minorities.
Automatic Segmentation of Nature Object Using Salient Edge Points Based Active Contour

Natural image segmentation is often a crucial first step for high-level image understanding, significantly reducing the complexity of content analysis of images. LRAC may have some disadvantages. (1) Segmentation results heavily depend on the initial contour selection which is a very skillful task. (2) In some situations, manual interactions are infeasible. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a novel model for unsupervised segmentation of viewer’s attention object from natural images based on localizing region-based active model (LRAC). With aid of the color boosting Harris detector and the core saliency map, we get the salient object edge points. Then, these points are employed as the seeds of initial convex hull. Finally, this convex hull is improved by the edge-preserving filter to generate the initial contour for our automatic object segmentation system. In contrast with localizing region-based active contours that require considerable user interaction, the proposed method does not require it; that is, the segmentation task is fulfilled in a fully automatic manner. Extensive experiments results on a large variety of natural images demonstrate that our algorithm consistently outperforms the popular existing salient object segmentation methods, yielding higher precision and better recall rates. Our framework can reliably and automatically extract the object contour from the complex background.
Importance of Intrusion Detection System withits Different approaches

Nowadays it is very important to maintain a high level security to ensure safe and trusted communication of information between various organizations. Intrusion Detection System is a new safeguard technology for system security after traditional technologies, such as firewall, message encryption and so on. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and produces reports to a Management Station. In this paper, we will look importance of IDS with different approaches. We have presented two types of AI system, both supervised and unsupervised.
One universe, endless cycles

The finding of cosmic cold spots now reveal real possibilities of existing other universe. Many researchers are now aware of our universe might be the one of billions-perhaps an infinite number of universes①. However, the introduction of concept of multiverse creates confusion, because it alters the definition of universe established in scientific world. In this paper, a possible cause is discussed in physics. The theories of multiverse indirectly recognize possibilities of multiple big bangs’ existence, where each big bang generates its respective family of galaxies and occupies it’s associated space. Based on recent telescope observation, our universe is cooling down while its expanding is sped up ② The energy in the universe is constant, when the background temperature drops, the heat energy transforms into a different form of energy that is momentum which fueling passing galaxy with kinetic energy③. In this paper, author will clarify some of paradox phenomenon that puzzles physics theorists who follow classic physics law. The introduction of new physics law-e.g. quantum law is neither necessary nor supported. The big bang explosion is triggered by a certain level (quantifiable) of mass/energy. It cannot require an infinite level of mass/energy. To explain it in a more organized way without defying universe definition, A new terminology – “Zolaxy” must be introduced for each part of the universal system, ③which is created by a single mother blast.
Performance Comparison of POLY Protocolwith Existing CDS Protocols

This paper consist of Performance Comparison of Proposed protocol with existing CDS Based Topology Control Protocols, In H-V and H-V-D environment. In this paper, we show that in the network, formation of Polygon can provide a reliable and energy efficient topology. Which is the need of mission critical WSN Applications. Based on this logic we propose a new topology control protocol. We call it as Poly protocol. We compare the performance of new protocol with CDS Rule-k & A3; the two CDS based TC protocols. The given simulation results show that Poly performs better in terms of different metrics such as message overhead, energy overhead, Residual Energy etc. It will also show that it achieves better connectivity under dynamic network topologies along with it the Reliability of Poly is also defined & compared it with other CDS-based techniques.
Considerations about the variability of the Bragg¿s law fulfilment

On working with an X-ray powder diffractometer, due to practical difficulties, the surface of the specimen some times is not accurately placed on the working plane of the goniometer. This disagreement produces an asymmetric broadening of the diffraction line profile, and also a shift in the peaks positions. In this work we expose some considerations about the way each diffracted beam fulfils the Bragg's law, addressed to its possible application for correcting the 2θ shifts caused by the specimen-displacement error of polycrystalline samples.
Evaluation of MUC1, CK20, and hTERT expression in peripheral blood of gastrointestinal cancer patients in search of diagnostic criteria

The goal of this study was to identify the optimal marker or marker combinations for detection of gastrointestinal malignancies using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain (RT-PCR) reaction. To detect the presence of tumors, we analyzed mucin 1 (MUC1), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in the peripheral blood of 31 patients with gastrointestinal (esophagus, stomach, and colorectal) cancer and 30 healthy individuals. In RT-PCR analysis of the peripheral blood, 77.4% (24/31), 61.29% (19/31), and 45.16% (14/31) of cancer patients were positive for MUC1, CK20, and hTERT mRNA, respectively. According to our results, any one of these mRNA markers is a predictor of the presence of gastrointestinal tumors (P < 0.001) and colorectal tumors (P < 0.05). However, they did not have predictive potential for presence of metastasis in gastrointestinal tumors. As a result, combination of these 3 tumor-specific mRNA markers would increase the detection rate and may be clinically helpful in predicting tumor presence.
Multiple motion estimation using fuzzy c-varieties clustering with a velocity-oriented distance metric

The first order optical flow constraint gives a linear constraint between the partial derivatives of the image intensity with the projected image velocity as the coefficients. Each moving object corresponds to a plane in the derivative space. For multiple motions, the derivative points {(dI/dx, dI/dy, dI/dt)} forms multiple planes. The image velocity can be determined by finding the normal vector to each plane using principle component analysis. The accuracy of this approach critically depends on grouping points with similar motion into distinct planar clusters. In this paper, the fuzzy C-varieties(FCV) clustering method is applied to cluster data into planes and indentify the corresponding moving objects. Different distance metrics can be used in the clustering algorithm. A "velocity-oriented" distance metric is proposed. This distance metric can be shown closely related to the angles between planes. The distance between a data point to a plane or between planes can be explained using the velocity differences between objects. This method can be extended to higher order motion models such as affine or polynomial velocity model, and the theory derivation is given for higher order motion models. Experimental results are given validating the approach. The approach gives the clustering validity measure which is not provided by the existing similar approach by Erdem et. al.
AMoS: Agent-based Molecular Simulations

Molecular Dynamics (MD) is a form of computer simulation wherein atoms and molecules are allowed to interact for a period of time, utilizing theories from mathematics, physics and chemistry. At the core of any MD simulation lies the potential function (or force field), which describes the interactions between the particles of the simulation. In this paper a new framework for MD simulations is presented, which utilizes software agents. Every agent in our multi-agent system corresponds to a single particle and probes its environment for candidate agent-particles with which an interaction is possible. The framework is applied on protein structural data (PDB files) using an implicit solvent environment and a time step of 5 femtoseconds. Although the system is fully parameterized, the experiments were based on a specific force field and set of parameters, known as ENCAD.
Comparing the effects of sublingual misoprostol and oxytocin infusion in reducing hemoglobin level after cesarean delivery

Postpartum hemorrhage still remains a leading cause of maternal death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The amount of bleeding after childbirth depends on the delivery type, as it is 500 and 1000cc in average for the normal vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, respectively. Regarding the complications and necessary considerations in a routine infusion of oxytocin after delivery, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of sublingual misoprostol with oxytocin infusion. Controlling the bleeding after cesarean can be introduced as a substitute for oxytocin, as it has similar effects and fewer side effects. This clinical trial was conducted in Ali-ibn Abi-Talib hospital, Zahedan, Iran during 2013 on pregnant women candidate for cesarean section (C-section). The sample size was 60 pregnant women undergoing C-section out of which 30 were in sublingual misoprostol group and the rest in intravenous oxytocin group. Hemoglobin decrease and other side effects were studied in two groups. All study data were analyzed in SPSS 18 software using a Chi-square (χ) test. The results showed that hemoglobin decrease in the sublingual misoprostol group was significantly lower compared to that of the oxytocin group. Moreover, frequent side effects were seen in the misoprostol group; however, they were transient, reversible, and with a statistically insignificant incidence (P>0.05). According to the results obtained from this study, the use of sublingual misoprostol is suggested as a good alternative to intravenous oxytocin to reduce postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery.
European Unemployment: The Evolution of Facts and Ideas

In the 1970s, European unemployment started increasing. It increased further in the 1980s, to reach a plateau in the 1990s. It is still high today, although the average unemployment rate hides a high degree of heterogeneity across countries. The focus of researchers and policy makers was initially on the role of shocks. As unemployment remained high, the focus has progressively shifted to institutions. This paper reviews the interaction of facts and theories, and gives a tentative assessment of what we know and what we still do not know.
LACEwING: Lessons from a New Moving Group Code

Abstract With the recent accelerating rate of discoveries in the field of nearby young stars, the ability to identify new nearby young stars is as important as ever, and membership identification codes will continue to perform a vital role in scientific research. In the process of creating a new moving group membership identification code - LocAting Constituent mEmbers In Nearby Groups (LACEwING): we have compiled a few pointers relevant to astronomers trying to use codes like LACEwING to locate young stars.
The influence of waist circumference and body mass index on the levels of adipokines, insulin and lipid parameters in normal overweight young Saudi females

Abnormal lipid profile, insulin resistance and hypoadiponectinemia are well recognized risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. These risk factors are more prevalent among subjects with increased body adiposity. To study the relationships of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with fasting adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity, a crosssectional study was undertaken on 127 healthy young females randomly recruited from the College of Medicine at KAU in KSA. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were estimated. Significant increase in insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C were found in subjects with WC > 80 cm compared to those with WC ≤ 80 cm. When the mean of the 3rd quartile of WC was taken as a cutoff point, similar increase in all the parameters was also found in addition to a significantly lower adiponectin level at a WC ≥ 74 cm. Similar abnormalities were found at BMI ≥ 23 kg/m 2 (mean of the 2nd quartile). Moreover, WC was a negative predictor of adiponectin and a positive one of insulin and HOMA-IR, while BMI was a positive predictor of FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C. In conclusion, hypoadiponectemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance were observed at WC and BMI that are normal by Western definitions. Our findings suggest the need to establish local WC and BMI cutoff points to identify subjects with hyperlipidemia, hypoadeponectinemia, and insulin resistance that may be missed when the Western and North American criteria are used.
Ongoing Initiatives in China to Enhance Prescribing Efficiency: Impact and Proposals for Improvement

Background: Pharmaceutical expenditure is currently rising by 16% per annum in China, greater in recent years. Initiatives to moderate this growth include drug pricing regulations, essential medicine lists and encouraging generic prescribing. These measures are principally concentrated in hospitals as they account for over 80% of total pharmaceutical expenditure. However, no monitoring of prescribing and perverse incentives enhances irrational prescribing. Objective: Review the influence of recent measures on subsequent utilization and expenditure of high-volume classes in China to provide future guidance. Methods: Principally a narrative review of published studies of the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), statins, renin– angiotensin inhibitor drugs and traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) between 2004 and 2013 in the largest teaching hospital group in Chongqing District. Results: Appeciable increase in drug utilisation including TCMs. Generics typically only 30% to 34% of total utilisation for the molecule for CV medicines, with decreasing trends in recent years. Greater utilisation of generic PPIs; however, this includes generic injectable preparations with considerably higher prices. Prices decreased over time, with appreciable reductions for some generics. Overall, considerable opportunities to save resources without compromising care. Restricting the formulary to just one statin, angiotensin receptor blocker or PPI based on the cheapest one would have saved 50-84% of total accumulated expenditures. Conclusions: Encouraging to see high utilisation of generic PPIs and low prices for some oral generics. However, real progress will only be made by addressing current perverse financial incentives. Potential reforms could include limiting the number of available medicines in a class to enhance the quality and efficiency of prescribing.
RET single nucleotide polymorphism in Indonesians with sporadic Hirschsprung's disease

The tyrosine kinase receptor RET, which is the protein product of the RET gene, is involved in the development of the mammalian nervous system that causes Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR). RETs are cell surface molecules that are expressed in cells derived from the neural crest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the RET gene in HSCR in the Yogyakarta population. Genomic DNA was extracted from surgically removed bowel tissues of 54 unrelated HSCR patients. Exon 2 of the RET gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Molecular results were compared with clinical performance of Hirschsprung patients. RET polymorphism was detected in exon 2 in all of the 54 Indonesian HSCR patients. The allelic distribution of the c135GaA polymorphism in the RET exon 2 indicated that the A allele was more frequent in patients than in control individuals (chi-square test, p= 0.001). Thus the RET variant allele A is over-represented in patients affected with the HSCR phenotype. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the RET gene was found in sporadic Hirschsprung’s disease in the Yogyakarta population, which suggests that the RET gene plays important roles in the pathogenesis of HSCR.
Geometrical Formulation of Quantum Mechanics

Hamilton's action principle is formulated and extended in conformity with the gauge transformations underlying Weyl's geometry. The extended principle characterizes infinitely many equally likely trajectories with a particle traveling along a randomly selected one. Available similar formulations do not conform as directly to the gauge transformations as the present one. Also, they have not paid much attention to the path-independent, assigned gauges. The freedom available in assigning these gauges is exploited here by defining them in terms of the configuration, and interactions of the observing system with the observed one. Impact of the method of observation on its outcome is described in terms of the assigned gauges so defined and illustrated with examples. A wavefunction is defined in a simply connected region essentially as an aggregate of the gauge transformations over all trajectories; equivalently, an aggregate of the Weyl-lengths acquired by a unit vector transported along all trajectories from everywhere. This representation is similar to Feynman's path integral representation differing only in that it incorporates the assigned gauges yielding an adjusted wavefunction that includes the impact of an observing system on the observed one. Probability density is shown to be a uniquely defined gauge invariant quantity but at the expense of the information about the observable effects contained in the gauge factors, assigned and otherwise. The particle trajectories defined here are thus shown to provide additional significant information about a system than provided by the wavefunction together with the probability density. Present description of the impact of method of observation on its outcome is compared with the descriptions according to the existing major representations of quantum mechanics.
Choice overload or time stress: what determines purchase decisions for airline tickets?

Previous research has identified choice overload as a potential cause for purchase deferral. Researchers suggest that the decision difficulties and frustration consumers experience when processing significant amounts of information can lead to decision avoidance and have also found that, consistent with such explanation, that time constraints act as a moderator: approaching deadlines seems to amplify choice overload due to an increased cognitive burden. Identifying moderators of choice overload and discovering contexts in which choice overload occurs is a promising research direction and more importantly it is still unclear whether this phenomenon exists in real business contexts. With the present study, we address this gap and study the interaction between assortment size and time constraints in a purchase context dominated by uncertainty. We conducted two studies to investigate how number of options and time pressure influence purchase decisions. Past research in time effects vary in understanding of time pressure and focus on either real decision deadlines (physical time) or subjective feeling of pressure associated with time (sense of urgency or psychological time). We test both the moderating effect of physical time and psychological time and compare their impact.