Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Object-Based Change Detection Approach Using Uncertainty Analysis for VHR Images

This paper proposes an object-based approach to supervised change detection using uncertainty analysis for very high resolution (VHR) images. First, two temporal images are combined into one image by band stacking. Then, on the one hand, the stacked image is segmented by the statistical region merging (SRM) to generate segmentation maps; on the other hand, the stacked image is classified by the support vector machine (SVM) to produce a pixel-wise change detection map. Finally, the uncertainty analysis for segmented objects is implemented to integrate the segmentation map and pixel-wise change map at the appropriate scale and generate the final change map. Experiments were carried out with SPOT 5 and QuickBird data sets to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed approach often generates more accurate change detection maps compared with some methods and reduces the effects of classification and segment scale on the change detection accuracy. The proposed method supplies an effective approach for the supervised change detection for VHR images.
The role of lymphocytes in human dermal wound healing.

BACKGROUND Animal experimental data indicate a requirement for functionally active T lymphocytes to allow optimal healing of dermal wounds. Little evidence exists to confirm that this is the case in humans. Lymphocyte involvement in regulation of healing is probably mediated by release of secreted cytokines/growth factors, and we hypothesize that the cytokine profile requirement will be modulated as healing progresses. OBJECTIVES As this is likely to be reflected in lymphocyte subset changes over the course of normal healing, we investigated the immunophenotype of lymphocyte subpopulations during wound healing. METHODS Sequential biopsies were taken over 42 days from the margin of 12 wounds healing by secondary intention after pilonidal sinus excision. Serial biopsy sections were analysed by immunohistochemistry using lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies, and lymphocytes were counted microscopically. RESULTS Within 42 days, the mean decrease in wound volume was 87.5%. This was accompanied by significant changes in the wound margin lymphocyte population. Total numbers (mean +/- SEM) of T lymphocytes decreased from 36.8 +/- 9.8 cells per field at inclusion in the study to 25.9 +/- 3.0 immediately prior to wound closure, with a concomitant increase in B lymphocytes from 1 +/- 0.4 to 9.5 +/- 3.6 cells per field. The CD4/CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio fell from an initial level of 3.6 +/- 0.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM) prior to closure. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that human wound-associated lymphocyte populations are modulated during healing; the increase in numbers of CD8+ T-suppressor lymphocytes is in accordance with previous animal data, indicating a role for these cells in downregulating healing as the wound closes. This study also documents an associated increase in B lymphocytes and healing of human wounds, with an as yet undefined role.
Prevalence of spasticity post stroke

Objectives: To establish the prevalence of spasticity 12 months after stroke and examine its relationship with functional ability. Design: A cohort study of prevalence of spasticity at 12 months post stroke. Setting: Initially hospitalized but subsequently community-dwelling stroke survivors in Liverpool, UK. Subjects: One hundred and six consecutively presenting stroke patients surviving to 12 months. Main outcome measures: Muscle tone measured at the elbow using the Modi”ed Ashworth Scale and at several joints, in the arms and legs, using the Tone Assessment Scale; functional ability using the modi”ed Barthel Index. Results: Increased muscle tone (spasticity) was present in 29 (27%) and 38 (36%) of the 106 patients when measured using the Modi”ed Ashworth Scale and Tone Assessment Scale respectively. Combining the results from both scales produced a prevalence of 40 (38%). Those with spasticity had signi”cantly lower Barthel scores at 12 months (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: When estimating the prevalence of spasticity it is essential to assess both arms and legs, using both scales. Despite measuring tone at several joints, spasticity was demonstrated in only 40 (38%) patients, lower than previous estimates.
DİJİTAL OYUNLARA "OYUN TÜRÜ" YAKLAŞIMLARININ SORUNLARI: "PLATFORM OYUNLARI" TÜRÜ ÖRNEĞİ

Dijital oyunlar populer anlamda "aksiyon oyunlari", "gundelik oyunlar" ve "sanat oyunlari" gibi tursel kategoriler altina yerlestirilmekte ve bu tur ifadeleri ile belirli bir oyuncu kitlesi oyunlara yonlendirilmektedir. Ancak akademik calismalar acisindan bu ve benzeri "tur yaklasimlari" sorunlar ortaya koymaktadir. Oyunlarin incelenmesinde oyun bicimi ve anlati acisindan daha saglikli bir tur yaklasimina ihtiyac duyulmaktadir. Bu dogrultuda varolan tur yaklasimlari elestirel olarak incelenecek ve oyun arastirmalarinda populer oyun turlerine yanit olarak ortaya atilmis tur analizlerinin yeterliligi "platform oyunlari" turu ornegine bakilarak degerlendirilecektir.
Wear Debris Stimulates Bone-Resorbing Factor Expression in the Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts

Wear debris is believed to cause periprosthetic osteolysis and loosening of total joint arthroplasties. We investigated the wear debris-mediated osteolysis in wild-type mice and macrophage-deficient Csf1op/Csf1op (op/op) mice using high density polyethylene (HDP) particles transplanted on the parietal bone surface. Four weeks after surgery, phagocytosis of the HDP particles by F4/80-positive macrophages and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts was observed in the normal mice, but not in the macrophage-deficient op/op mice. These results suggest that macrophages are implicated in wear debris-dependent osteoclast formation. However, HDP particles were phagocytosed not only by macrophages but also by F4/80-negative cells in both genotypes of mice. Electron microscopic observation identified these cells as fibroblasts. Cell culture studies demonstrated that fibroblasts cultured with HDP-particles showed upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression compared with non-treated fibroblasts. When we examined the gene expression of osteoblasts that belong to the mesenchymal cell lineage as fibroblasts, we found that the expression of not only IL-6 but also interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase2 (Cox2) were up-regulated by HDP particle-stimulation. These findings suggest the possibility that fibroblasts and osteoblasts are involved in wear debris-mediated osteolysis within the tissue surrounding artificial joints through the production of bone resorbing factors IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Cox2.
What Can Altmetric.com Tell Us About Policy Citations of Research? An Analysis of Altmetric.com Data for Research Articles from the University of Sheffield

Background: There is a growing interest in using and analysing Altmetrics data for quantifying the impact of research, especially societal impact (Haunschild & Bornmann 2017, Thelwall et al 2016, Bornmann 2014). This study therefore aimed to explore the value of Altmetrics for assessing policy impact by analysing research articles from a single centre (the University of Sheffield) that were identified by Altmetrics as being cited in at least one policy document. Method: This study has only included published research articles from authors at the University of Sheffield and indexed in the Altmetric.com database. Altmetric data on policy impact were sourced from Altmetric.com following a data request and included citations up until February 2017. Supplementary Altmetric data including news media, blogs, Mendeley saves and Wikipedia citations were also gathered. Results: Altmetrics did enable an assessment of whether a relevant research article had had an impact on policy documents and, if so, how many such documents. In total, 1463 pieces of published research from authors at the University of Sheffield were found to be cited in between 1 and 13 policy documents. Twenty-one research articles were listed as being cited in five or more policy documents; 21 in four policy documents; 50 in three documents; 186 in two documents; and 1185 in one document. Of those 1463 outputs, 1449 were journal articles, 13 were books and one was a book chapter, and the time lag from publication to citation in policy documents ranged from 3 months to 31 years. Analysis of the 92 research articles cited in three or more policy documents indicated that the research topics with the greatest policy impact were medicine, dentistry and health, followed by social science and pure science. The Altmetrics data enabled an in-depth assessment of the 21 research articles cited in five or more policy documents. Conclusion. Within the limitations of the current text-mining system, Altmetrics can offer important and highly-accessible data on the policy impact of an organization’s published research articles.
Detection of Urogenital Mycoplasmas using Culture and PCR: a Descriptive Pilot Study

Mycoplasmas, as human urogenital tract pathogens, are associated with infections, reproductive failures and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Several methods have been used to detect genitourinary Mycoplasmas, each having their own limitations, advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, we used microbial culture and PCR to detect Mycoplasmas in urogenital specimens with the aim of comparing detection rate, sensitivity and specificity of the two methods. In this study, 30 urogenital samples including 17 vaginal swabs, 7 male urine and 6 female urine samples were collected from patients referring to hospitals regardless of their disease and studied for Mycoplasmas by culture (using two media: PPLO broth and PPLO agar) and PCR. Of the total 30 specimens, Mycoplasmas were detected in 14 PPLO broth medium, 11 PPLO agar medium and 11 PCR sample reactions. Accordingly, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR method was determined 100 and 95% respectively while culture was found to have a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 66%. We found PCR based on 16S rRNA sequences to be highly sensitive and specific offering a rapid, easy and cost benefit method for detection of Mycoplasmas in comparison to microbial culture method.
Prediction of burn incidents due to faulty installations in RMG factories in Bangladesh

The readymade garment factories in Bangladesh experience large number of fire incidents every year. Most of the sources of the fire ignition are the electrical power distribution system. Faulty installations play a major role in electrical fire. This paper presents a prediction model of electrical fire due to faulty installations, particularly non-standard cable termination in the readymade garment factories in Bangladesh. The prediction model is based on the analysis of photographs of the factory electrical distribution boards, statistical data and simple laboratory experiments. Using the model total number of burn incidents per year in the power distribution boards of the RMG factories has been calculated. It shows that large number of such incidents happen every year some of which may result in devastating factory fire.
Pandemic of atopic diseases--a lack of microbial exposure in early infancy?

Improved hygienic conditions in Western societies have reduced early microbial exposure, which has been proposed as a reason for the continuously rising prevalence of atopy and subsequent atopic diseases: atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma (The Hygiene Hypothesis of Allergy). This hypothesis is supported by immunological data showing that the immune response to microbial antigens, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic ones, is accompanied by preferential expression of cytokines that counterbalance the T-helper 2-polarized cytokine production of neonates, the continuity of which might lead to enhanced IgE production, atopy, and atopic disease. Experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies, conducted over the last decade, indicate that non-pathogenic microbes in the gut might be a major factor essential for the maturation of the human immune system to a nonatopic mode. A recent randomised, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that perinatal administration of probiotics, cultures of potentially beneficial bacteria of the healthy gut microflora, halved the later development of atopic eczema during the first two years of life. Some putative mechanisms of action of gut commensals in host-microbe interactions have been described. Two structural components of bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide portion of Gram-negative bacteria and specified CpG motif in bacterial DNA, activate immunomodulatory genes via Toll-like receptors present e.g. on intestinal epithelial cells thus controlling physiological cytokine milieu in the gut. Probiotics have also been shown to reverse increased intestinal permeability and to reduce antigen load in the gut by degrading and modifying macromolecules. The actual preventive role of natural and genetically constructed supplementary microbes in the development of immunological diseases, like allergy, remains to be elucidated.
In vitro evidence for a progestogen receptor in the rat and rabbit uterus.

Tissue incubation of rat uteri and samples of intestine with 3 H-progesterone re- sulted in preferential uptake of label by uteri. Concomitant incubation with nonlabeled pro- gestogens but not other compounds depressed uptake of 3 H-progesterone in uterus but not in- testine. When labeled hormone and potential competitors were added directly to the 273,000 g supernatant fraction of rabbit uteri, binding of 3 H-progesterone and competition by unlabeled progestogens appears to be identical with that which was observed for the uterus in the tissue incubation experiments. The 273,000 g super- natant fraction contains a progesterone binding component which sediments at a rate consistent with 4s proteins. Since 1) both 3 H-progesterone and 3 H-norethindrone were found in the same region of the sucrose density gradient and 2) binding of 3 H-progesterone to this component is competitively antagonized by known progesto- gens only, we consider it to have the properties of a progestogen receptor. (Endocrinology 88: 1099, 1971)
A new dual-frequency broadband L-slot mixed E-shaped patch antenna

A new dual-frequency broadband L-slot mixed E-shaped patch antenna is presented. It is based on E-shaped patch antenna. Two L-shaped slots are cut on E-shaped patch, and two short-pins are inserted between top patch and ground. Besides, the meandered feed patch is also used for good match. As simulated by HFSS10.0 software dual-frequency broadband is obtained. One is between 800 MHz and 980 MHz. The other is between 1500 MHz and 3000 MHz. The peak of gain is 3.2 dbi in 900 MHz and 5 dbi in 2000 MHz. It may apply for AMPS, GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS and WLAN.
Immunoglobulin production in human leukemia cell lines.

Production of immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin-like substances in cell culture lines of human leukemia and lymphoma has been demonstrated by radioiodine labeled antibody, fluorescent antibody and immunodiffusion techniques. A direct reaction of a cell smear with radioiodine labeled antibody reagents specific for particular chains of immunoglobulin indicated that all the leukemia and lymphoma cell lines tested produce one or more classes of immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulin-producing activity was shown to vary during culture with respect to the proportion of cells producing immunoglobulin. There is some evidence that synthesis of heavy and light chains proceeds at different rates in these cell lines. Immunodiffusion studies of cell extracts revealed that the proteins produced by these cells were not distinguished antigenically with immunoglobulins of normal serum when tested with anti-sera specific to heavy and light chains.
Is It Evident That Evidence Shall Govern the Health System?

For some nurses the demand for documentation, development, and research has been interpreted in a way that evidence is becoming a kind of “religious” fundamentalism. If evidence-based nursing derives from evidence-based medicine, it seems to be a problem for researchers, whose objects are values, interpersonal relationships, ethical problems, and power issues. The article questions the concept of knowledge and illuminates the development of the concept of theory. The view of what counts as evidence-based nursing will have implications for clinical nursing practice, as well for research and theory development.
Classification Using Ontology-Based Patent Network Analysis

Patent management is increasingly important for organizations to sustain their competitive advantage. The classification of patents is essential for patent management and industrial analysis. In this study, we propose a novel patent network-based classification method to analyze query patents and predict their classes. The proposed patent network, which contains various types of nodes that represent different features extracted from patent documents, is constructed based on the relationship metrics derived from patent metadata. The novel approach analyzes reachable nodes in the patent ontology network to calculate their relevance to query patents, after which it uses the modified k-nearest neighbor classifier to classify query patents. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on a test dataset of patent documents obtained from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), and compare it with the performance of the three conventional methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed patent network-based approach outperforms the conventional approaches.
Pneumolysin-Induced Lung Injury Is Independent of Leukocyte Trafficking into the Alveolar Space1

Pneumolysin (PLY) is a major virulence factor released by Streptococcus pneumoniae and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of newly recruited neutrophils and monocytes and resident alveolar macrophages to the pathogenesis of PLY-induced lung injury. Mice received either adhesion-blocking Abs to inhibit alveolar leukocyte trafficking or liposomal clodronate to deplete alveolar macrophages before intratracheal application of native PLY or its noncytotoxic derivative PdB. We found that treatment with PLY but not PdB resulted in increased lung vascular permeability. In addition, PLY also induced a decrease in the resident alveolar macrophage population, and the recruitment of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes into the alveolar space. Blockade of PLY-induced alveolar leukocyte trafficking by pretreatment of mice with anti-CD18 plus anti-CD49d Abs or depletion of circulating neutrophils did not attenuate the increase in lung permeability observed in response to intratracheal PLY. In addition, depletion of resident alveolar macrophages with clodronated liposomes did not reduce alveolar injury developing in response to PLY. PLY-induced lung injury was associated with only a small increase in bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of cytokines. These data indicate that PLY-induced lung injury results from direct pneumotoxic effects on the alveolar-capillary barrier and is independent of both resident and recruited phagocytic cells.
Pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of hepatic veins during variable hemodynamic states in healthy anesthetized dogs.

OBJECTIVES To quantify direction and velocity of blood flow in hepatic veins in dogs under different hemodynamic conditions by use of pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. ANIMALS 10 healthy dogs. PROCEDURE Dogs were anesthetized, and venous flow velocities in the quadrate lobe were measured. Arterial blood pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and cardiac output were measured simultaneously. The timing of each waveform during the cardiac cycle was used to identify velocity profiles. Peak waveform velocities were measured during conditions of light anesthesia with isoflurane (baseline; period 1), cardiovascular depression following administration of high-dose isoflurane and esmolol i.v. (period 2), cardiovascular depression with crystalloid volume expansion (period 3), and high cardiac output induced with dobutamine (period 4). Hemodynamic measurements and maximum waveform velocities were compared among the 4 periods by use of an ANOVA and univariate and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS During each study period, 4 distinct, low-velocity waves were identified. Mean velocities recorded during period 1 were as follows: retrograde atrial contraction a-wave, 7.3 cm/s; antegrade systolic S-wave, 15.0 cm/s; retrograde venous return v-wave, 2.7 cm/s; and antegrade diastolic D-wave, 11.4 cm/s. Mean S:D ratio was 1.27. During periods 3 and 4, S-wave velocity increased; D-wave velocity was highest during period 4. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Consistent hepatic venous velocity profiles were observed in healthy dogs under different hemodynamic conditions. These findings provide baseline values that may be useful in evaluating clinical cases, but further study involving healthy, awake dogs and dogs with cardiac and hepatic diseases is required.
An Active Wideband and Wide-Angle Electromagnetic Absorber at Microwave Frequencies

Two-dimensional (2-D) metamaterials (MTMs) can be used to create perfect electromagnetic absorbers. In this letter, a novel active MTM absorber with non-Foster loads is proposed. For obliquely incident plane waves with both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations, its effective circuit model is analytically demonstrated, accounting the material losses. Based on the circuit model, a stability characterization is introduced to give the design principles for the non-Foster elements to achieve a wideband and wide-angle metamaterial absorber (MA). These active elements are achieved by a two-port non-Foster circuit based on the resonant tunneling diodes. For the purpose of verification, a sample active MA design is presented, exhibiting a high electromagnetic absorption rate for wideband and wide-angle incidence for both TE and TM polarizations at microwave frequencies, as compared to its passive counterpart.
Monoclonal antibody specific for Listeria monocytogenes associated with a 66-kilodalton cell surface antigen

A monoclonal antibody (MAb), EM-7G1, specific for Listeria monocytogenes was developed by using a previously developed MAb, C11E9 (A. K. Bhunia, P. H. Ball, A. T. Fuad, B. W. Kurz, J. W. Emerson, and M. G. Johnson, Infect. Immun. 59:3176-3184, 1991), to mask epitopes shared by L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua in a 66-kDa cell surface protein. MAb EM-7G1 was an immunoglobulin subclass G1 antibody with kappa light chains. This MAb reacted with all 34 strains of L. monocytogenes tested and showed no cross-reaction with other Listeria spp. or other gram-positive or gram-negative organisms tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dot blotting, and colony blotting. A second MAb, EM-6E11, reacted with all Listeria spp. tested but no other bacteria. In a Western blot (immunoblot) assay, EM-7G1 reacted with a crude cell surface protein of 66 kDa with a pI value of 6.7, while EM-6E11 reacted with two protein bands of 43 and 94 to 97 kDa with pI values of 4.0 and 4.3, respectively. Results with trypsin or pronase treatments indicated that the cell antigen reacting with EM-7G1 was on the surface of L. monocytogenes V7 and Scott A cells.