Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics and music game in the function of child’s cognitive development, motivation and activity

ABSTRACT The paper aims to present the extent to which the application of the concrete mathematical and musical play contributes to the child’s cognitive development. The research was conducted in two international schools in Belgrade, using the play titled ‘Musical Monkeys’. The results of the research have shown that this kind of approach in working with children encourages attention and motivation, activity and engagement, while requiring and encouraging critical thinking in solving the set of mathematical or musical tasks and contributing to cooperation as well as finding a joint strategy in problem-solving. The obtained results confirm that the children established connection between the mathematical and musical segments, reaching a culmination in a moment of interest within the play, and rises inevitable question – how can mathematics and music be connected?
Like, Post, and Distrust? How Social Media Use Affects Trust in Government

There is much discussion about the potential negative effects of social media use on people’s political attitudes. But, does social media use shape trust in government? We use evidence from the 2012 and 2016 ANES as well as the 2018 American Institutional Confidence Poll to test competing expectations regarding this question: that social media polarizes versus de-polarizes trust judgments across partisan lines. Our analyses provide greater support for the expectation of polarization. We then unpack the potential mechanisms behind these findings. We use the number of “stealth” issue campaigns targeted to the respondent’s state in 2016 as a proxy for the amount of political conflict the respondent was likely to have experienced when using social media during the 2016 Presidential election. Notably, we find that polarization is substantially impacted by the nature of the voter’s broader political environment. These findings are consequential for our understanding of how social media influences public opinion and draws attention to the role of the broader political context for this relationship.
The Latin American Epidemic

The cholera epidemic in Latin America entered its third year in early 1993. Before 1980, only three Latin American countries had national programs for promoting rehydration treatment of diarrheal illness. The low mortality figures may reflect relatively thorough case counting in countries like Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, but they also indicate the growing experience and skill of the Latin American medical community in treating cholera. Development of an effective and inexpensive vaccine would be an important advance, and several experimental vaccines are being tested in Latin American populations. The general success of treatment for cholera means that the Latin American medical system is now more skilled in treating any dehydrating diarrhea and that the populace is more confident about the benefit of such treatment. Cholera will remain a risk where people live below a sanitary threshold, without safe water and food, sewage disposal, or elementary hygiene. The epidemic is a metaphor for underdevelopment, a marker for many diseases that are transmitted by contaminated food and bad water. The scope of the epidemic extends beyond health and clinical medicine to include the fisheries, agriculture, shipping, and tourist industries of many nations.
Compact Unidirectional Conformal Antenna Based on Flexible High-Permittivity Custom-Made Substrate for Wearable Wideband Electromagnetic Head Imaging System

An approach toward designing and building of a compact, low-profile, wideband, unidirectional, and conformal imaging antenna for electromagnetic (EM) head imaging systems is presented. The approach includes the realization of a custom-made flexible high-permittivity dielectric substrate to achieve a compact sensing antenna. The developed composite substrate is built using silicon-based poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) matrix and microscale of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and graphite (G) powders. Al2O3 and G powders are used as fillers with different weight-ratio to manipulate and control the dielectric properties of the substrate for attaining better matched with the human head and reducing antenna’s physical size while keeping the PDMS flexibility feature. Using the custom-made substrate, a compact, wideband, and unidirectional on-body matched antenna for wearable EM head imaging system is realized. The antenna is configured as a multi-slot planar structure with four shorting pins, working as electric and magnetic dipoles at different frequency bands. The measured reflection coefficient (S11) shows an operating frequency band of 1–4.3 GHz. The time-average power density and the amplitude of the received signal inside the MRI-based realistic head phantom demonstrate a unidirectional propagation and high-fidelity factor (FF) of more than 90%. An array of 13 antennas are fabricated and tested on a realistic 3-D head phantom to verify the imaging capability of the proposed antenna. The reconstructed images of different targets inside the head phantom demonstrate the possibility of utilizing the conformal antenna arrays to detect and locate abnormality inside the brain using multistatic delay-multiply-and-sum beamforming algorithm.
Cognition as inference: a unifying account of some neural effects associated with mental imagery and attention

Mental imagery and attention are difficult to disentangle, suggesting a shared computational mechanism. We propose that imagery and attention are both inferences about the visual world conditioned on retinal input and a high-level anticipatory representation. Neural effects that have been previously associated with imagery occur when the anticipatory representation is determined by a memory and the retinal input is uninformative. Neural effects associated with spatial attention arise when the anticipatory representation is biased toward a location that is experimentally manipulated into or out of alignment with the presented stimuli. We tested the feasibility of this proposal with in silico experiments in a deep generative model that roughly analogizes the hierarchy of functionally distinct visual areas. We show that such a model jointly characterizes some of the ways that imagery and attention modulate activity levels, tuning to visual features, and the location and size of receptive fields. Based on these results, we consider the possibility that top-down volitional spatial attention is essentially equivalent to imagining the stimuli at the attended location, and imagining a stimuli involves reinstating the activity evoked by that stimulus near the top of a representational hierarchy.
Spatial variations in zooplankton community structure along the Japanese coastline in the Japan Sea: influence of the coastal current

Abstract. This study evaluates spatial variations in zooplankton community structure and potential controlling factors along the Japanese coast under the influence of the coastal branch of the Tsushima Warm Current (CBTWC). Variations in the density of morphologically identified zooplankton in the surface layer in May were investigated for a 15-year period. The density of zooplankton (individuals per cubic meter) varied between sampling stations, but there was no consistent west–east trend. Instead, there were different zooplankton community structures in the west and east, with that in Toyama Bay particularly distinct: Corycaeus affinis and Calanus sinicus were dominant in the west and Oithona atlantica was dominant in Toyama Bay. Distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) was used to characterize the variation in zooplankton community structure, and four axes (RD1–4) provided significant explanation. RD2–4 only explained < 4.8 % of variation in the zooplankton community and did not show significant spatial difference; however, RD1, which explained 89.9 % of variation, did vary spatially. Positive and negative species scores on RD1 represent warm- and cold-water species, respectively, and their variation was mainly explained by water column mean temperature, and it is considered to vary spatially with the CBTWC. The CBTWC intrusion to the cold Toyama Bay is weak and occasional due to the submarine canyon structure of the bay. Therefore, the varying bathymetric characteristics along the Japanese coast of the Japan Sea generate the spatial variation in zooplankton community structure, and dominance of warm-water species can be considered an indicator of the CBTWC.
The Effect of Gearing Up For Kindergarten on the Development of Letter Recognition In a group of Kindergarten Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Gearing Up For Kindergarten program on a group of children and their letter recognition success. Specifically, the study looked at letter naming scores of students’ entering Kindergarten and the correlation between their letter knowledge at the beginning of the academic year and attending Gearing Up for Kindergarten. Gearing Up for Kindergarten is a program that works with upcoming Kindergarten students. The program offers opportunities for students to meet their possible teacher, become familiar with the school setting, practice routines of Kindergarten, and meet new friends. Scores were recorded at the beginning of the Gearing Up For Kindergarten program and then they were recorded post intervention (at the beginning of school year). The pre-intervention letter recognition scores of students that attended Gearing Up for Kindergarten were higher than those that did not attend. The mean score for children that attended was 17.83 pre-intervention, and the score for the children that did not attend the program was 2.8 pre-intervention. The postintervention mean score for students that attended was 26, and the post-intervention mean score for students that did not attend was 23.5. Both post intervention scores being higher than the preintervention scores. The most noticeable difference was the pre-intervention scores of those that didn’t attend versus those that did attend. The non-attendees had a much lower score than the attendees which could suggest that the program had an effect on their letter recognition score.
Synthesis and Design of LTCC Filtering Balun With Wide Stopband

This brief presents a synthesis method to design compact low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) filtering balun with harmonic suppression. To achieve wide upper stopband, the design equations are driven based on the schematic. Benefiting from the three-port synthesis method and the flexible 3-D layout on LTCC technology, the coupling matrices at the second and third harmonics are manipulated to achieve the harmonics suppression without extra circuits. Meanwhile, the coupling elements of the passband can keep their desired values. A LTCC filtering balun is designed and implemented for demonstration. A 20 dB stopband rejection from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.2{f} _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.1{f} _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is observed. Good agreement between simulated and measured results verifies that the proposed method is suitable and the LTCC technology is reliable for wide stopband filtering balun designs.
A Bi-LSTM Based Ensemble Algorithm for Prediction of Protein Secondary Structure

The prediction of protein secondary structure continues to be an active area of research in bioinformatics. In this paper, a Bi-LSTM based ensemble model is developed for the prediction of protein secondary structure. The ensemble model with dual loss function consists of five sub-models, which are finally joined by a Bi-LSTM layer. In contrast to existing ensemble methods, which generally train each sub-model and then join them as a whole, this ensemble model and sub-models can be trained simultaneously and the performance of each model can be observed and compared during the training process. Three independent test sets (e.g., data1199, 513 protein Cuff & Barton set (CB513) and 203 proteins from Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP203)) are employed to test the method. On average, the ensemble model achieved 84.3% in Q 3 accuracy and 81.9% in segment overlap measure ( SOV ) score by using 10-fold cross validation. There is an improvement of up to 1% over some state-of-the-art prediction methods of protein secondary structure.
Ocular Anatomy and Physiology

The Basic Bookshelf for Eyecare Professionals is a series that provides fundamental and advanced material with a clinical approach to clinicians and students. A special effort was made to include information needed for the certification exams in ophthalmic and optometric assisting, as well as for surgical assistants, opticians, plus low vision, and contact lens examiners. Beginning with embryology, a topic rarely covered, this text covers each structure of the eye including; The Bony Orbit; Eyebrows, Eyelids, and the Lacrimal System; and Extraocular Muscles and the Globe. In addition to explaining the anatomy of the structure, the physiology of various structures, systems are also explained, including the visual pathway, the inflammatory response, immunology, binocular vision, refractive errors, and accommodation. Emphasis is on normal anatomy and function, which will help the reader recognize abnormal situations.
Static State of a Black Hole Supported by Dark Matter

The possibility of an equilibrium state of a gravitating scalar field (describing ordinary matter) inside a black hole, compressed to the state of boson condensate, in balance with a longitudinal vector field (describing dark matter) from the outside, is considered. Analytical analysis, confirmed numerically, shows that there are regular static solutions to the Einstein equations with no limitation on the mass of a black hole. The metric tensor component grr(r) changes sign twice. The behavior of the gravitational field and material fields in the vicinity of these two Schwarzschild radii were studied in detail. The equality of the energy–momentum tensors of the scalar and longitudinal vector fields at the interface supports the phase equilibrium of a black hole and dark matter. Considering the gravitating scalar field as an example, a possible internal structure of a black hole and its influence on the dark matter at the periphery of a galaxy are clarified. In particular, the speed on the plateau of a galaxy rotation curve as a function of a black hole’s mass is determined.
A Harmonic Rejection Strategy for 25% Duty-Cycle IQ-Mixers Using Digital-to-Time Converters

Due to the use of wide-band analog front-ends in order to cover the many different frequency bands used in Long Term Evolution (LTE), blocker signals received by the antenna may reach the mixer input. As a consequence, square-wave mixer implementations, as, e.g., the 25% duty-cycle current-driven passive mixer, may lead to the down-conversion of these blocker signals by their harmonic response. This contribution describes a harmonic rejection (HR) strategy, which modifies the local oscillator (LO) waveform of a 25% duty-cycle current-driven passive mixer, to suppress specific harmonics. Two HR control signal waveforms are proposed and their performance is evaluated by circuit simulations using a 28nm CMOS technology. By applying the proposed concept, the down-conversion of a blocker by the mixer’s $3^{\text {rd}}$ order harmonic response can be suppressed by more than 30 dB, and the receiver noise figure (NF) is improved by 21.1 dB for a blocker power of −5 dBm at the low-noise amplifier (LNA) input.
Decompositions of finite games: From weighted inner product to standard inner product

To investigate the topological structure of finite games, various decomposions of finite games have been proposed. The inner product of vectors plays a key role in the decomposition of finite games. This paper considers the effect of different inner products on the orthogonal decomposition of finite games. We found that only when the compatible condition is satisfied, a common decomposition can be induced by the standard inner product and the weighted inner product simultaneously. To explain the result, we studied the existing decompositions, including potential based decomposition, zero‐sum based decomposition, and normalization based decomposition. For zero‐sum based decomposition and normalization based decomposition, we redefine their subspaces in a linear algebraic framework, which shows their physical meanings clearly. Bases of subspaces in these two decompositions are constructed.
Avaliação comparativa do potencial de farelo de trigo comercial e pericarpo de pequi como substratos na produção de fibras com capacidade antioxidante

As mudancas na sociedade, com maior insercao da mulher no mercado de trabalho e com aumento da populacao economicamente ativa geraram reflexos nos habitos alimentares. Com isso, observou-se o aumento de consumo de produtos industrializados e fast foods que apresentam em sua composicao diversos compostos artificiais alem de um alto teor de carboidratos simples, gorduras trans, colesterol e sodio que pode estar diretamente relacionado com o numero crescente de pessoas com obesidade, doencas cardiovasculares e alguns tipos de câncer. Diante disso, a adicao de fibras e compostos antioxidantes em alimentos industrializados insurge como uma forma de melhorar a alimentacao do consumidor, alem de agregar valor a estes produtos. O Brasil como grande produtor de alimentos, gera grande quantidades de residuos agricolas que muitas vezes sao ricas fontes de fibras alimentares e compostos bioativos. Avaliou-se neste estudo o potencial de farelo de trigo e pericarpo de pequi como substratos para a producao de fibras com capacidade antioxidante. Inicialmente desenvolveu-se metodologia para obtencao dos pos ricos em fibras alimentares (FA) a partir de cada substrato. Posteriormente, realizou-se a caracterizacao fisico-quimica dos FA. O farelo de trigo apresentou teor de fibra alimentar de 48,16%, enquanto os grupos de pericarpo de pequi oscilaram entre 39,79 e 45,84%. A porcentagem de fibras soluveis foi maior nas amostras de pericarpo de pequi, o que permite uma maior aplicacao em alimentos, uma vez que proporciona melhores propriedades de hidratacao. Ambos os substratos apresentaram elevado conteudo de compostos fenolicos sendo o conteudo encontrado para as fibras de pericarpo de pequi cerca de 20 vezes superior ao encontrado para as fibras de farelo de trigo. A atividade antioxidante das fibras foi avaliada pelos metodos ABTS e DPPH. As fibras apresentaram elevada atividade antioxidante, sendo maior nas fibras de pericarpo de pequi. Pela analise de correlacao de Pearson concluiu-se que tanto o teste de ABTS quanto o de DPPH foram eficientes para a analise de atividade antioxidante e que esta esta relacionada ao elevado teor de compostos fenolicos.
Direct measurement of hot-carrier generation in a semiconductor barrier heterostructure: Identification of the dominant mechanism for thermal droop

Energy measurements of electrons emitted from a semiconductor can reveal internal physical processes hitherto elusive. Signatures of hot-electron processes in heterostructures have been observed from cesiated, light-emitting and p-i-n diodes. In pi-n devices with AlGaN barriers, a high energy peak was measured and ascribed to a trap-assisted Auger recombination process. Temperature dependent measurements of light-emitting diodes with AlGaN electron blocking layers also show such hot carriers when electrons thermally reach these barriers, identifying carrier escape as the mechanism of thermal droop and demonstrating the efficacy of such barriers to partially mitigate thermal droop. In a most materials and structures (semiconductors, organics, phosphors, etc.), the light emission efficiency decreases with increasing temperature [1–3]. The mechanisms are varied given the range of physical phenomena leading to radiative or non-radiative recombination in such a variety of materials. In bulk semiconductors, the reduced efficiency in photoluminescence experiments is often attributed to Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) non-radiative (NR) recombination [4,5]. However, in electrically-injected diodes containing heterostructures, the ‘thermal droop’, i.e. the decrease in internal quantum efficiency (IQE) with increasing temperature may reflect many different competing processes such as thermally-activated impurity tunneling [6], temperature dependent Auger recombination [7] increased SRH recombination [8], and reduced carrier injection efficiency η [8]. The analysis is challenging due to the simultaneous actions of electrical and optical phenomena, and their possible interplay. For electrical processes, one must sort out electrical injection into the optically-active region, carriers overshooting this region, and carrier escape from that region. For optical processes, one has to consider linear, quadratic and third order radiative or NR recombination processes. As a result, the origin of thermal droop in LEDs has not been clearly identified. Understanding the mechanism of thermal droop would open the way to its mitigation through improved heterostructure design and materials growth. We recently demonstrated, through electron emission spectroscopy (EES) from an LED, that the mechanism responsible for the efficiency droop at high current density was the interband third-order Auger process [9]. We here apply the same technique, which provides spectroscopic signatures of electronic processes and unambiguously identifies carrier overshoot as the main mechanism for thermal droop in InGaN/GaN LEDs. From these measurements, we also demonstrate the impact of electron blocking layers (EBLs) on NR recombination and carrier escape processes from the active
Two are not enough: the value of children to Javanese and Sundanese parents.

1001 Sundanese and 1031 Javanese currently married women between 15 and 40 years of age living with their husbands and 1/2 of their husbands were interviewed to determine their perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of children ages at which the costs of children are greatest and the qualities they desired in children. The report details the study methodology; discusses major findings according to 7 identified dimensions of the value of children and rural-urban husband-wife and Sundanese-Javanese differences; examines special topics including relationships between attitudes toward having additional children and attitudes toward family planning effect of child loss on value of children and differences in desired family size; and assesses prospects for a 2 child family norm in Indonesia. Javanese respondents were found to place more emphasis than Sundanese on the instrumental or material benefits of children while the Sundanese stressed the psychosocial or emotional aspects. Within the 2 groups differences based on sex education and residence were quite strong. Qualities desired in children were obedience good character and willingness to care for parents in their old age. Financial costs particularly for education and health were seen to be substantial and emotional costs were seen to be disadvantages but little emphasis was placed on opportunity costs or concern with overpopulation. 1/3 of respondents were practicing contraception at the time of the survey. Desired family sizes ranged between 3 and 5 children.
Giophantus distinguishing attack is a low dimensional learning with errors problem

In this paper, we attack the recent NIST submission Giophantus, a public key encryption scheme. We find that the complicated structure of Giophantus's ciphertexts leaks information via a correspondence from a low dimensional lattice. This allows us to distinguish encrypted data from random data by the LLL algorithm. This is a more efficient attack than previous proposed attacks.