Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assembly of herpes simplex virus (HSV) intermediate capsids in insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses expressing HSV capsid proteins

The capsid of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is composed of seven proteins, VP5, VP19C, VP21, VP22a, VP23, VP24, and VP26, which are the products of six HSV-1 genes. Recombinant baculoviruses were used to express the six capsid genes (UL18, UL19, UL26, UL26.5, UL35, and UL38) in insect cells. All constructs expressed the appropriate-size HSV proteins, and insect cells infected with a mixture of the six recombinant baculoviruses contained large numbers of HSV-like capsids. Capsids were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and electron microscopy showed that the capsids made in Sf9 cells had the same size and appearance as authentic HSV B capsids. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that the protein composition of these capsids was nearly identical to that of B capsids isolated from HSV-infected Vero cells. Electron microscopy of thin sections clearly demonstrated that the capsids made in insect cells contained the inner electron-translucent core associated with HSV B capsids. In infections in which single capsid genes were left out, it was found that the UL18 (VP23), UL19 (VP5), UL38 (VP19C), and either the UL26 (VP21 and VP24) or the UL26.5 (VP22a) genes were required for assembly of 100-nm capsids. VP22a was shown to form the inner core of the B capsid, since in infections in which the UL26.5 gene was omitted the 100-nm capsids that formed lacked the inner core. The UL35 (VP26) gene was not required for assembly of 100-nm capsids, although assembly of B capsids was more efficient when it was present. These and other observations indicate that (i) the products of the UL18, UL19, UL35, and UL38 genes self-assemble into structures that form the outer surface (icosahedral shell) of the capsid, (ii) the products of the UL26 and/or UL26.5 genes are required (as scaffolds) for assembly of 100-nm capsids, and (iii) the interaction of the outer surface of the capsid with the scaffolding proteins requires the product of the UL18 gene (VP23).
In vivo control of B‐cell survival and antigen‐specific B‐cell responses

Summary: Targeted modification of the mouse genome provides the capability to manipulate complex physiological processes in a precise and controlled manner. Investigation of B‐lymphocyte biology has benefited not only from the targeted modification of genes controlling B‐cell survival and responsiveness, but also from the manipulation of antigen specificity made possible by targeting endogenous immunoglobulin loci. In this review, we discuss recent results obtained from our laboratory using gene‐targeted mouse models to investigate the in vivo regulation of B‐cell survival and responsiveness. The control of BAFF‐dependent survival signals by the TRAF2‐ and TRAF3‐signaling proteins is discussed as is the potential involvement of these molecules in B‐lineage malignancies. We also outline the development and use of the SWHEL model for analyzing antigen‐specific B‐cell responses in vivo. This includes insights into the control of early decision‐making during T‐dependent B‐cell differentiation, the affinity maturation and plasma cell differentiation of germinal center B cells, and the identification of EBI2 as a key regulator of B‐cell migration and differentiation.
Morphology of immature stages of Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae)

In addition to causing myiasis in humans, Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz has also been reported as a forensically important fly. In this study, we presented the morphology of all larval instars and puparium of M. spiracularis using scanning electron microscopy. The first instar larva was composed of 12 segments. Antennae and maxillary palp complex were visible. Two spiracular slits could be seen at the posterior spiracle. The branch of posterior spiracular hairs was approximately equal to the palm‐formed base in length. Second and third larval instars were very similar to first instar, except for the presence of anterior spiracle. The labium of the second instar larva was triangular and ventrally curved, whereas it was a bilobed structure and the tip forked in the first instar. The bubble membrance comprised of ≈40 globules presented at the third instar larvae. Puparia showed a retracted cephalic region and a pair of pupal respiratory horns on the dorsum. A comparison of the morphological features between immature stages of M. spiracularis and M. scalaris, a forensically important fly indoors in Germany, Malaysia, and China, was discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1297–1303, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi-touch RST in 2D and 3D spaces: Studying the impact of directness on user performance

The RST multi-touch technique allows one to simultaneously control Rotations, Scaling, and Translations from multi-touch gestures. We conducted a user study to better understand the impact of directness on user performance for a RST docking task, for both 2D and 3D visualization conditions. This study showed that direct-touch shortens completion times, but indirect interaction improves efficiency and precision, and this is particularly true for 3D visualizations. The study also showed that users' trajectories are comparable for all conditions (2D/3D and direct/indirect). This tends to show that indirect RST control may be valuable for interactive visualization of 3D content. To illustrate this finding, we present a demo application that allows novice users to arrange 3D objects on a 2D virtual plane in an easy and efficient way.
Assignment of dlk (Dlk1) to mouse chromosome band 12E–F1 by in situ hybridization

The dlk (Delta-like) gene (Dlk1) encodes a transmembrane protein member of the EGF-like homeotic family. Members of this family participate in cell-to-cell interactions that control cell fate during differentiation. Dlk is a transmembrane protein, with a short intracellular tail, that contains in its extracellular domain six EGF-like repeats highly homologous to similar domains of the Drosophila proteins Notch, Delta and Serrate (Laborda et al., 1993) and other EGF-like homeotic protein family members. Pref-1 (Preadipocyte factor 1), FA-1 (Fetal Antigen 1), and dlk have all been shown to be identical or polymorphic products of a single gene (Lee et al., 1995). This gene has been also named SCP-1 (stromal cell derived protein 1) and ZOG (Halder et al., 1998). The functional importance of dlk in the control of cellular differentiation has been shown in several cell types, including small cell lung cancer cell lines (Laborda et al., 1993), preadipocytes (Smas and Sul, 1993), (Garcés et al., 1999) immune stem cells (Moore et al., 1997) hematopoietic stromal cells and B lymphocytes (Bauer et al., 1998), and adrenal glomerulosa cells (Halder et al., 1998). Mapping of the human counterpart of the dlk gene has been performed (Gubina et al, 1999) and the gene localized to 14q32. We now report localization of the mouse gene in a homologous chromosome region. Chromosome mapping of this gene may be important to explore whether gene deletion or duplication may be associated with diseases or defaults in embryonic development in mouse or humans. Fig. 1 . FISH mapping of the mouse dlk gene with probe 12280. The specific signals detected on chromosome 12 are indicated by arrows. The specificity of the localization was confirmed by co-hybridization with a biotin labeled probe specific for the centromere of chromosome 12. Observation of specifically labeled chromosomes 12 demonstrated that Dlk1 is located at band 12E–F1. The picture was generated by Genome System Inc.
Body shape transformation along a shared axis of anatomical evolution in labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei)

Major morphological transformations, such as the evolution of elongate body shape in vertebrates, punctuate evolutionary history. A fundamental step in understanding the processes that give rise to such transformations is identification of the underlying anatomical changes. But as we demonstrate in this study, important insights can also be gained by comparing these changes to those that occur in ancestral and closely related lineages. In labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei), rapid evolution of a highly derived torpedo‐shaped body in the common ancestor of the pikehead (Luciocephalus aura and L. pulcher) occurred primarily through exceptional elongation of the head, with secondary contributions involving reduction in body depth and lengthening of the precaudal vertebral region. This combination of changes aligns closely with the primary axis of anatomical diversification in other anabantoids, revealing that pikehead evolution involved extraordinarily rapid change in structures that were ancestrally labile. Finer‐scale examination of the anatomical components that determine head elongation also shows alignment between the pikehead evolutionary trajectory and the primary axis of cranial diversification in anabantoids, with much higher evolutionary rates leading to the pikehead. Altogether, our results show major morphological transformation stemming from extreme change along a shared morphological axis in labyrinth fishes.
Usefulness of gram staining of blood collected from total parenteral nutrition catheter for rapid diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis

The accuracy of Gram staining of blood drawn from catheters used to administer total parenteral nutrition was compared with paired quantitative blood cultures for the diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis. Gram staining was positive in 11 of 18 episodes of catheter-related sepsis documented by quantitative culture (sensitivity, 61%) but in none of the 5 episodes of fever unrelated to catheter infection. Thus, this procedure enabled the rapid presumptive diagnosis and guidance of antimicrobial therapy for total parenteral nutrition catheter sepsis, with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 42%.
Robust force feedback control of 5-DOF haptic device

In virtual endoscopic surgery, the haptic sensation is very important because the surgeon depend more on feedback force than image in real endoscopic surgery. This paper introduced a haptic device which is designed fully in consistent with the sense of space of real endoscopic surgery. To attenuate the unmodeled disturbance caused by the parameter perturbation of the haptic device and the operator, and improve the robustness of the force feedback control system. The form of low pass filter of disturbance observer (DOB) is chosen to suppress the parameter perturbation and measurement noise in virtual endoscopic surgery. The simulation experiment results verify the feasibility.
The effect of sinus node depression on heart rate variability in humans using zatebradine, a selective bradycardic agent.

Zatebradine is a bradycardic agent with a selective effect on the pacemaker current in the sinus node. The effect of such drugs on heart rate variability is not known. Thirty-six patients without structural heart disease were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg of zatebradine i.v. (n = 24) or isotonic saline (n = 12). Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded as power in the very low frequency (VLF, 0.003-0.040 Hz), low frequency (LF, 0.040-0.150 Hz), and high frequency (HF, 0.150-0.400 Hz) spectral bands as well as total power (TP, 0.003-0.400 Hz) during 5-min ECG acquisitions at baseline, 30, and 60 min following the start of the infusion. No change in heart rate variability was detected in the control group. Zatebradine significantly reduced heart rate variability at 60 min in all frequency bands: VLF (-12+/-4%, p<0.001), LF (-19+/-4%, p<0.001), and HF (-26+/-5%, p<0.001). The reduction in HRV following zatebradine is due to depression of sinus node response to all external stimuli and underscores the need for documentation of normal sinus node function in HRV research.
Vers une physique statistique du pliage et du froissage de structures élastiques

Cette these est consacree a l'etude des proprietes geometriques, mecaniques et statistiques de la formation de plis dans des structures elastiques contraintes. En particulier, nous nous sommes concentres sur le cas d'une tige elastique, objet unidimensionnel, confinee dans un espace a deux dimensions. Dans ce cas, il y a une forte interaction entre la contrainte geometrique d'auto-evitement et les proprietes mecaniques de la tige. Apres avoir etudie numeriquement la formation et les instabilites relatives a l'apparition des tous premiers plis, nous nous sommes penches sur un regime ou le taux de confinement de la tige est plus intense. Grâce a un echantillonage du paysage energetique des structures plissees generees, nous avons mis en evidence l'existence d'une mesure statistique analogue a la loi de Boltzmann. Inspires par la theorie d'Edwards des milieux granulaires, cette observation nous a permis de developper une theorie statistique grâce a laquelle nous obtenons le diagramme de phase complet de la tige confinee.
Watchdog or Guardian? Unpacking the Issues Surrounding the Monitoring of InfoSec Employees

Much work has been conducted on the use of monitoring to improve quality of life (in such domains as the healthcare industry) versus the privacy trade-offs associated with such monitoring. However, little work has been done on the impact of monitoring on employees with information security responsibilities. We present here some initial results from interviews with such professionals, focusing on those who operated in classified environments. In particular, we draw attention to the benefits to being monitored that these employees identified: increased feeling of personal security, the presence of someone to help prevent you from making mistakes, simplifying collaboration in some instances, and the presence of an audit trail for employee protection. We also outline some of the complicating factors that may diminish these benefits. While government monitoring often has a negative connotation, we demonstrate that there are cases when voluntary monitoring as a condition of employment can be seen to have advantages to the employee.
Le contrôle cohérent de populations atomiques par des impulsions laser femtosecondes

Le controle coherent a connu un developpement considerable au cours de la derniere decennie. Tout d'abord gadget de theoriciens, les progres technologiques recents ont permis aux experimentateurs d'effectuer des demonstrations spectaculaires. Le but du controle coherent est d'utiliser les proprietes de coherence de la lumiere pour controler le mecanisme d'interaction entre celle-ci et un systeme plus ou moins complexe (atomes, molecules). L'avenement des impulsions femtosecondes permet en particulier de developper des experiences de photochimie resolues en temps ou la manipulation des caracteristiques spectrales de l'impulsion vont permettre de favoriser une voie de reaction photochimique. Pour etudier le role de ces parametres, il est parfois plus simple de prendre des atomes comme systeme modele afin de mieux comprendre toutes les caracteristiques de l'interaction. Dans cet article, nous expliquerons comment il est possible de modifier les parametres de ces impulsions tres courtes. Puis nous montrerons toute la richesse qu'apporte cette manipulation dans une analyse poussee de l'interaction entre la lumiere faconnee et l'atome.
CD4 lymphocyte count as a determinant of the time from HIV seroconversion to AIDS and death from AIDS: evidence from the Italian Seroconversion Study

Objectives:It is well established that a low CD4 lymphocyte count is strongly associated with an increased risk of AIDS in HIV infection. We attempted to determine whether the link is sufficiently strong that the wide inter-person variability in times from HIV infection to AIDS can be explained solely by differences in CD4 count experience. Methods:We followed 1090 HIV-infected individuals for up to 12.8 years from seroconversion (median, 3.5 years; 25% for more than 5.2 years). The median interval between last negative and first positive anti-HIV tests was 9 months. A median of four CD4 counts per subject were measured. Results:Individuals with CD4 lymphocyte counts above 250×106/l cells experienced an AIDS incidence rate of one per 339 years (0.3 per 100 years; 10 cases in 3394 person-years), compared with one per 6 years in those whose count had declined below this level (17.2 per 100 years; 96 cases in 559 person-years) and one per year in those whose count had declined below 50×106/l (100.0 per 100 years; 41 cases in 41 person-years). The AIDS rate increased by an average of 33% [relative rate, 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20–1.49; P=0.0001] with every year from seroconversion; one per 46 years (2.2 per 100 years) for people seropositive for less than 5 years compared with one per 14 years (7.3 per 100 years) for those seropositive for more than 5 years. After adjusting for the tendency for CD4 lymphocyte counts to be higher soon after seroconversion, the relative rate declined to 1.07 (95% CI, 0.94–1.22) per year from seroconversion (P=0.32). This result was similar when those infected through sharing injecting equipment, homosexual sex, and other routes were considered separately. The relative rate per year from seroconversion for death due to AIDS fell from 1.41 (P=0.0001) to 1.00 (P=0.99) after adjusting for CD4 count. Conclusions:Most of the inter-person variability in time from HIV infection to AIDS appears to result from differences in CD4 lymphocyte counts. HIV infection appears to cause AIDS and death largely by its ability to induce CD4 lymphocytopaenia or some closely correlated abnormality.
Automated Tissue Culture Cell Fixation and Staining in Microplates Using the EL406™ Combination Washer Dispenser to Prepare Samples for Cellular Imaging

High content screening (HCS), also referred to as high content analysis (HCA), is a method to identify cellular phenotypic changes brought about by substances that interact with the cell. Substances include small molecules, receptor ligands and RNAi, which may induce phenotypic changes that increase or decrease the production of specific proteins, internalization of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), nuclear hormone receptor translocations, apoptosis, changes in post translational modification of proteins, and changes in cell morphology. While some morphological changes can be investigated through the use of transmitted light observations (brightfield), many more require the use of physical stains (typically fluorescent) or inherent fluorescence (GFP proteins). Subsequent to the induction of phenotypic changes, cells can be stained with fluorescent antibodies or specific dyes that identify cellular components e.g. actin, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleus etc. (Figure 1).
Heat‐shock proteins in axoplasm: High constitutive levels and transfer of inducible isoforms from glia

To characterize heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) of the 70‐kDa family in the crayfish medial giant axon (MGA), we analyzed axoplasmic proteins separately from proteins of the glial sheath. Several different molecular weight isoforms of constitutive HSP 70s that were detected on immunoblots were approximately 1–3% of the total protein in the axoplasm of MGAs. To investigate inducible HSPs, MGAs were heat shocked in vitro or in vivo, then the axon was bathed in radiolabeled amino acid for 4 hours. After either heat‐shock treatment, protein synthesis in the glial sheath was decreased compared with that of control axons, and newly synthesized proteins of 72 kDa, 84 kDa, and 87 kDa appeared in both the axoplasm and the sheath. Because these radiolabeled proteins were present in MGAs only after heat‐shock treatments, we interpreted the newly synthesized proteins of 72 kDa, 84 kDa, and 87 kDa to be inducible HSPs. Furthermore, the 72‐kDa radiolabeled band in heat‐shocked axoplasm and glial sheath samples comigrated with a band possessing HSP 70 immunoreactivity. The amount of heat‐induced proteins in axoplasm samples was greater after a 2‐hour heat shock than after a 1‐hour heat shock. These data indicate that MGA axoplasm contains relatively high levels of constitutive HSP 70s and that, after heat shock, MGA axoplasm obtains inducible HSPs of 72 kDa, 84 kDa, and 87 kDa from the glial sheath. These constitutive and inducible HSPs may help MGAs maintain essential structures and functions following acute heat shock. J. Comp. Neurol. 396:1–11, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and Identification of Protein-Tyrosine Kinase-binding Proteins Using Synthetic Phosphopeptides as Affinity Reagents *

Protein-tyrosine kinases are known regulators of cell division that have been implicated in the onset of a variety of malignancies. They act through cellular signaling proteins that bind to specific autophosphorylation sites. To find out whether these autophosphorylation sites can be used to identify downstream signaling proteins, synthetic peptides based on an autophosphorylation site in the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor were linked to agarose beads and incubated with lysates from macrophages. Bound proteins were analyzed by MS, leading to the identification of both known and novel CSF-1 receptor-interacting proteins. The approach presented here can be applied to phosphorylation sites in a wide variety of proteins. It will lead to the identification of novel protein-protein interactions and provide new insights into the mechanics of signal transduction. Novel protein-protein interactions may provide useful targets for the development of drugs that interfere with the activation of signaling cascades used by protein-tyrosine kinases to turn on cell division.
Children's Face Recognition in Different Contexts: The Role of Encoding Strategies

In this study, the relationship between face recognition and different facial encoding strategies was investigated. Children (6–8 years, N = 134) participated in both a face recognition task and an encoding task. During the recognition task, they saw 7 target faces in an eyewitness context (video) or in a neutral context (static black and white slides) which they later had to recognize from a set of 21 faces. On the encoding task, the same children had to categorize new faces (schematic and photorealistic) into two categories. The construction of the categories allowed participants to encode the faces either analytically (by focusing on a single attribute) or holistically (in terms of overall similarity). The results showed that face recognition was better in the social than in the neutral context. In the neutral context, only holistic encoding was connected to better face recognition. In the social context, children seemed to use not only information about the faces but also information about the persons.
Self-Constitution: Agency, Identity, and Integrity

Preface 1. Agency and Identity 2. The Metaphysics of Normativity 3. Formal and Substantive Principles of Reason 4. Practical Reason and the Unity of the Will 5. Autonomy & Efficacy 6. Expulsion from the Garden: The Transition to Humanity 7. The Constitutional Model 8. Defective Action 9. Integrity and Interaction 10. How to be a Person Bibliography Index