Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resorbable Plate Osteosynthesis of Sagittal Split Osteotomies with Major Bone Movement

&NA; This study evaluates resorbable miniplate osteosyntheses in sagittal split osteotomies with major bone repositioning. Two resorbable 2.0‐mm miniplate systems, MacroSorb (Macropore, San Diego, Calif.) and PolyMax (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland), were compared consecutively. Amorphous 70:30 poly‐L/DL‐lactide copolymer plates sustain continuous hydrolysis through water penetration into the implant body during the first 6 months in situ. This breaks copolymer chains into smaller particles, which later become degraded through phagocytotic cells. Eighteen patients, 10 women and eight men, 16 to 57 years old (average, 27 years) were examined. They had severe dysgnathia caused by congenital craniofacial malformations, systemic disorders, trauma, amelogenesis imperfecta, oligodontia, and other conditions, and they needed five 8‐ to 10‐mm and 13 major 10‐ to 12‐mm repositions. Twelve sagittal split osteotomies were fixed with 12 MacroSorb plates in six patients, and 24 osteotomies were filled with 32 PolyMax plates in 12 patients. Ten mandibular plate, screw, hard‐tissue, and soft‐tissue specimens were taken at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months postoperatively in secondary operations (e.g., dental implant placement). Follow‐up ranged from 4 to 19 months; all osteosyntheses reossified. Four patients showed proximal fragments rotated up to 5 mm sagittally anteriorly and nonaligned burr holes on the postoperative radiogram, suggesting plate fractures or screw pullout. When plate fracture was noted, guided occlusion was maintained 4 weeks after surgery. Occlusal, radiologic, and skeletal results remained stable. After starting fixation with two plates on each side, no more plate fractures were seen. In three other patients, minor skeletal relapses up to 3 mm horizontally resulted. Local histologic inspection of specimens showed thorough osseous union. Screw remnants embedded in bone made screw pullout unlikely; rather, screw‐head or plate fractures were found as multiple degraded particles. Microscopy showed a chronic foreign body reaction. Two patients (11 percent) developed a sterile fistula 3 and 4 months after surgery, draining implant debris. Here, the biopsies showed a granulocytic infiltrate that subsided clinically after excisional biopsy. The assignment of MacroSorb plates followed by PolyMax plates was done in an otherwise unchanged treatment protocol. Comparison of the number of patients in each group with stable osteosyntheses and regular healing showed no significant differences by Fisher's exact test (p = 0.1516); therefore, the authors focused on the combined results for both treatments. The current osteosynthesis systems showed sufficient stability for mandibular fixation after sagittal split osteotomy and repositioning more than 10 mm distant when two plates were applied to each side; however, 27 percent of patients had complications, including relapses. Disadvantages were the cost, breakability, diameter, and need to place the screws vertically to the plate, necessitating a bent instrument or transbuccal incisions. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 111: 1828, 2003.)
Efficient Design Optimization of Multi-State Flow Network for Multiple Commodities

The network of delivering commodities has been an important design problem in our daily lives and many transportation applications. The delivery performance is evaluated based on the system reliability of delivering commodities from a source node to a sink node in the network. The system reliability is thus maximized to find the optimal routing. However, the design problem is not simple because (1) each path segment has randomly distributed attributes; (2) there are multiple commodities that consume various path capacities; (3) the optimal routing must successfully complete the delivery process within the allowable time constraints. In this paper, we want to focus on the design optimization of the Multi-State Flow Network (MSFN) for multiple commodities. We propose an efficient approach to evaluate the system reliability in the MSFN with respect to randomly distributed path attributes and find the optimal routing subject to the allowable time constraints. The delivery rates, also known as delivery currents, of the path segments are evaluated and the minimal-current arcs are eliminated to reduce the complexity of the MSFN. Accordingly, the correct optimal routing is found and the worst-case reliability is evaluated. It has been shown that the reliability of the optimal routing is at least higher than worst-case measure. Two benchmark examples are utilized to demonstrate the proposed method. The comparisons between the original and the reduced networks show that the proposed method is very efficient. Keywords—Multiple Commodities, Multi-State Flow Network (MSFN), Time Constraints, Worst-Case Reliability (WCR)
Psychiatric disorder onset and first treatment contact in the United States and Ontario.

OBJECTIVE The authors describe the timing of the first treatment contact following new-onset DSM-III-R mood, anxiety, and addictive disorders in community samples from the United States and Ontario, Canada, before and after passage of the Ontario Health Insurance Plan. METHOD The authors drew data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (N=8,098) and the mental health supplement to the Ontario Health Survey (OHS) (N= 9,953). They assessed psychiatric disorders with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; they also assessed retrospectively age at disorder onset and first treatment contact. They used the Kaplan-Meier method to generate time-to-treatment curves and survival analysis to compare time-to-treatment intervals across the two surveys. RESULTS The overall time-to-treatment curves revealed substantial differences between disorders that were consistent across the two surveys. In both surveys, panic disorder had the highest probability of first-year treatment (NCS, 65.6%; OHS supplement, 52.6%), while phobia (NCS, 12.0%; OHS supplement: 6.5%) and addictive disorders (NCS, 6.4%; OHS supplement, 4.2%) had the lowest in both surveys. Retrospective subgroup analysis suggests that before the passage of the Ontario public insurance plan, the likelihood of receiving treatment in the year of disorder onset was greater in Ontario than in the United States but that this relationship reversed following passage of the Ontario plan. During this period, the authors observed no significant between-country differences in the probability of prompt treatment of adults with 12 or fewer years of education. CONCLUSIONS These results challenge the assumption that the universal health insurance plan in Ontario promotes greater access to mental health services than is available in the United States for vulnerable groups. Marked differences between disorders in the speed to first treatment suggest that in both countries, clinical factors play an important role in the timing of the initial decision to seek treatment.
Benefits of human milk in preterm infant feeding

Mother’s own milk is widely recognized as the optimal feeding not only for term but also for preterm infants. Evidence documents short and long-term metabolic, immunologic and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding when compared to formula. Moreover benefits of breastfeeding on psychological and relational aspects have to be considered. In order to meet the unique nutritional requirements of preterm infants and preserve the singular benefit of breastfeeding, human milk should be fortified to allow adequate growth and bone mineralization. Best fortification models are still object of research, in order to obtain a balance between the risk of undernutrition and the metabolic risks of a too rapid catch-up growth. When mother milk is unavailable or in short supply, donor milk (DM) represents the second best alternative and although some nutritional elements are inactivated by the pasteurization process, it still has documented advantages compared to formula. The demonstrated benefits of human milk (HM) highlight the importance of health care professional education in the support of breastfeeding.
Integrating occupational therapy services in a kindergarten curriculum: a look at the outcomes.

PURPOSE We measured fine motor and emergent literacy outcomes in kindergarteners enrolled in two integrated kindergarten classrooms. The students received fully integrated occupational therapy services. Most occupational therapy services focused on planning and teacher consultation versus direct intervention. METHOD A one-group pretest-posttest descriptive design was used to measure occupational therapy and emergent literacy outcomes in a convenience sample of 37 kindergarten-age children with and without disabilities. Four fine motor and two emergent literacy assessments were administered at the beginning and end of the school year. Data on the amount and type of occupational therapy services were documented over 7 months. RESULTS Children without disabilities made statistically significant changes in all areas. Children with disabilities made significant changes in two of the fine motor and three of the emergent literacy assessments. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrated that for this sample of children, significant improvements in fine motor and emergent literacy function were made.
A study of metabolism of deaminated and sulfoconjugated iodothyronines by rat placental iodothyronine 5-monodeiodinase.

The interaction of the rat placental type III iodothyronine 5-monodeiodinase (5-MD) with acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and sulfoconjugate (SA) derivatives of thyroid hormones has been investigated in comparison with hepatic iodothyronine type I MD. PA and AA derivatives of both T3 and T4 were potent inhibitors of 5-monodeiodination of [125I]T3 by rat placental microsomes. 3,5,3'-Triiodothyroacetic acid (T3AA) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyropropionic acid (T3PA) were comparable to T3 in their ability to inhibit 5-monodeiodination of [125I]T3, whereas T4AA and T4PA were more potent than T4. 3,5,3'-triiodothyrosulfonic acid (T3SA), T4SA, and rT3SA caused little or no inhibition of placental 5-MD activity. Among various analogs of T3 or T4, the order of relative potency of inhibition of hepatic 5'-MD was PA > AA > SA > parent iodothyronine. The metabolism of T3 and its derivatives by rat placental microsomes was studied by determining the rates of disappearance of the various substrates and the production of the metabolites generated by inner ring monodeiodination of the substrate. T3AA and T3PA were metabolized at a rate comparable to that of T3. Under the same conditions, essentially 100% of T3SA remained intact. Kinetic studies of placental inner ring monodeiodination of T3, T3AA, and T3PA demonstrated comparable values for Km (1.3, 1.8, and 2.3 nM, respectively) and maximum velocity (44, 57, and 74 fmol/micrograms.h, respectively). All derivatives of T3 studied were deiodinated by hepatic type I MD more avidly than the parent iodothyronine. Our data suggest that 1) deamination does not appreciably influence, while sulfoconjugation markedly inhibits type III 5-monodeiodination of T3; and 2) deamination may be even more conducive to degradation of thyroid hormone than sulfoconjugation.
Trigger & Trace Transaction Trace Buffer OCP Slave INF JTAG Control Core Trace Buffer NI OCP Core OCP Core JTAG Core Trace Core Trace NI OCP Slave INF Delay Control OCP Transaction Trace

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is generally regarded as the most promising solution for the future on-chip communication scheme in gigascale integrated circuits. As traditional debug architecture for busbased systems is not readily applicable to identify bugs in NoC-based systems, in this paper, we present a novel debug platform that supports concurrent debug access to the cores under debug (CUDs) and the NoC in a unified architecture. By introducing core-level debug probes in between the CUDs and their network interfaces and a system-level debug agent controlled by an off-chip multi-core debug controller, the proposed debug platform provides in-depth analysis features for NoC-based systems, such as NoC transaction analysis, multi-core cross-triggering and global synchronized timestamping. Therefore, the proposed solution is expected to facilitate the designers to identify bugs in NoC-based systems more effectively and efficiently. Experimental results show that the design-for-debug cost for the proposed technique in terms of area and traffic requirements is moderate1.
3-D reconstruction of coronary arterial tree to optimize angiographic visualization

Due to vessel overlap and foreshortening, multiple projections are necessary to adequately evaluate the coronary tree with arteriography. Catheter-based interventions can only be optimally performed when these visualization problems are successfully solved. The traditional method provides multiple selected views in which overlap and foreshortening are subjectively minimized based on two dimensional (2-D) projections. A pair of images acquired from routine angiographic study at arbitrary orientation using a single-plane imaging system were chosen for three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. After the arterial segment of interest (e.g., a single coronary stenosis or bifurcation lesion) was selected, a set of gantry angulations minimizing segment foreshortening was calculated. Multiple computer-generated projection images with minimized segment foreshortening were then used to choose views with minimal overlapped vessels relative to the segment of interest. The optimized views could then be utilized to guide subsequent angiographic acquisition and interpretation. Over 800 cases of coronary arterial trees have been reconstructed, in which more than 40 cases were performed in room during cardiac catheterization. The accuracy of 3-D length measurement was confirmed to be within an average root-mean-square (rms) 3.5% error using eight different pairs of angiograms of an intracoronary guidewire of 105-mm length with eight radiopaque markers of 15-mm interdistance. The accuracy of similarity between the additional computer-generated projections versus the actual acquired views was demonstrated with the average rms errors of 3.09 mm and 3.13 mm in 20 LCA and 20 RCA cases, respectively. The projections of the reconstructed patient-specific 3-D coronary tree model can be utilized for planning optimal clinical views: minimal overlap and foreshortening. The assessment of lesion length and diameter narrowing can be optimized in both interventional cases and studies of disease progression and regression.
Guest Editorial: Analyses of mortality clustering at member HDSSs within the INDEPTH Network – an important public health issue

The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) aims to reduce child mortality according to the target: ‘Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-5 mortality rate’ (U5MR). The 2009 MDG report stated ‘Although data on this target are problematic and at times contentious, significant progress in individual African countries has been registered, although the rate of progress at the continental level is poor. The U5MR in Africa dropped from 166 per 1,000 live births in 2005 to 160 per 1,000 live births in 2006’ and later ‘It is clear that the continent as a whole is unlikely to meet this U5MR target, if current trends continue. This calls for renewed and intensified efforts by African governments and their development partners to scale up interventions to reduce the U5MR. Access to and utilisation of basic health services need to be increased and made more equitable. To reduce the wide gap between rural and urban areas, more resources should be allocated to public health interventions, including environmental health, in rural areas. ’ (Published: 30 August 2010) Citation: Global Health Action Supplement 1, 2010. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v3i0. 5476
Cultural Differences and Geography as Determinants of Online Prosocial Lending

In this paper, we analyze patterns of transaction between individuals using data drawn from Kiva.org, a global online crowdfunding platform that facilitates prosocial, peer-to-peer lending. Our analysis, which employs an aggregate dataset of country-to-country lending volumes based on more than three million individual lending transactions that took place between 2005 and 2010, considers the dual roles of geographic distance and cultural differences on lenders' decisions about which borrowers to support. While cultural differences have seen extensive study in the Information Systems literature as sources of friction in extended interactions, here, we argue and demonstrate their role in individuals' selection of a transaction partner. We present evidence that lenders do prefer culturally similar and geographically proximate borrowers. An analysis of the marginal effects indicates that an increase of one standard deviation in the cultural differences between lender and borrower countries is associated with 30 fewer lending actions, while an increase of one standard deviation in physical distance is associated with 0.23 fewer lending actions. We also identify a substitution effect between cultural differences and physical distance, such that a 50 percent increase in physical distance is associated with an approximate 30 percent decline in the effect of cultural differences. Considering approaches to overcoming the observed cultural effect, we offer some empirical evidence of the potential of IT-based trust mechanisms, focusing on Kiva's reputation rating system for microfinance intermediaries. We discuss the implications of our findings for prosocial lending, online crowdfunding, and electronic markets more broadly.
Ischemia/reperfusion, does temperature matter? Laboratory perspective

1. Mainly as consequence of its low cost and simple technical and logistical requirements, cold storage (CS) is still preferred to machine perfusion (MP) as the standard method of preservation in liver transplantation (LT). 2. CS is probably unsuitable for suboptimal liver grafts because they have already suffered severe tissue damage secondary to hypoxia during the initial period of warm ischemia. Additional damage to the organ due to hypothermic conditions may limit the ability to restore cellular function because metabolic activity is decreased at low temperatures. 3. Both hypothermic MP and normothermic MP have been found to be beneficial in preserving normal and suboptimal livers, and their relative merits are currently being debated. More basic research and randomized controlled trials are needed. 4. Published evidence shows a variety of molecules with potential as biomarkers of graft injury, function, and outcome prediction. However, further evaluation in large trials and independent validation is required. 5. The accessibility to new technology and an increase of information about new biomarker candidates (eg, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs) will expand the pool of molecules to be evaluated as biomarkers. 6. Data integration from recipients and donors (clinical/biological characteristics) using system biology approaches has the potential to provide the needed biomarkers for improving organ utilization and outcomes in LT.
Clinical findings of the second 1000 UK Gulf War Veterans who attended the Ministry of Defence’s Medical Assessment Programme

Objective To review the diagnoses made in the second 1000 veterans of the Gulf conflict 1990-91 seen in the Ministry of Defence’s Gulf Veterans’ Medical Assessment Programme and to determine the main conditions related to Gulf service. Design Case series of 1000 consecutive Gulf veterans who presented to the programme between 25 February 1997 and 19 February 1998. Subjects Gulf War veterans. Main outcome measures Assessment of the patient’s health status. Diagnosis of medical and psychiatric conditions using ICD-10. Results 204 patients were unwell. 309 patients had organic disease, of whom 248 were well, 252 had psychiatric conditions which remained active in 173. The remaining 79, now well, had had psychiatric disorders following Gulf service. The principal psychiatric diagnosis was post traumatic stress disorder and the majority arose as a result of Gulf service. Conclusion 796 (80%) veterans were well. There were 309 (31%) patients with organic disease. 252 (25%) veterans had psychiatric conditions of which 173 (69%) had an active diagnosed disorder and post traumatic stress disorder was the predominant condition. The pattern of disease is similar to that seen in NHS practice. We found, like others, no evidence to support a unique Gulf War syndrome. Post conflict illnesses have many common features.
Significance of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta during treatment of multiple sclerosis: expert opinions based on the Proceedings of an International Consensus Conference

On August 30, 2002, an international panel of neurologists who specialize in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) was convened in Paris (France) to discuss the issue of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to interferon beta (IFN‐β) therapy in patients with MS. The goals of this meeting were to: (i) review the most recent clinical information on NAb, (ii) come to a consensus on the clinical relevance of NAb in the management of patients with MS receiving IFN‐β therapy, and (iii) establish a framework for the development of patient management guidelines based on scientific consensus. The meeting was chaired by Hans‐Peter Hartung (Heinrich‐Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany) and Huub Schellekens (Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands). This article summarizes the opinions of the expert panel on a number of key issues raised at the meeting.
Influence of the Metabolism Pathway on Lactic Acid Production from Hemicellulosic Trimming Vine Shoots Hydrolyzates Using Lactobacillus pentosus

Hemicellulosic hydrolyzates from trimming wastes of vine shoots were proposed as a carbon source for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus pentosus CECT‐4023T (ATCC‐8041). These hydrolyzates are composed mainly of glucose (12.0 g/L), xylose (17.5 g/L) and arabinose (4.3 g/L). Acetic acid, the main subproduct, started to be produced after all of the glucose was completely depleted, showing that the acetic acid coproduction came only from the xylose and arabinose consumption. In the absence of glucose, the L. pentosus pathway shifts from homo to heterofermentative. Thus, L. pentosus can be considered a facultative heterofermentative organism, degrading hexoses (glucose) via the Embden‐Meyerhoff‐Parnas pathway and pentoses (xylose and arabinose) via the phosphoketolase pathway. Hydrolyzates were vacuum evaporated to increase the initial sugars concentration up to 35.4 g/L of glucose, 52.3 g/L of xylose, and 13.0 g/L of arabinose. Under these conditions the lactic acid concentration reached 46.0 g/L (QP = 0.933 g/L·h, YP/S = 0.78 g/g; YP/S theoretical = 91.7%) and a clear product inhibition was observed. Additional experiments with synthetic sugars, in the absence of inhibitory compounds, indicate that this inhibition must be attributed to the metabolic pathway but not to the inhibitory compounds present in the fermentation broth.