Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of glyphosate side effects on non-target plants: use of different agrochemicals as protectants in common bean plants

Glyphosate is an herbicide widely used in agriculture. However, it may causes phytotoxic effects on non-target plants (crops), generating productivity losses. Currently there are evidences about agrochemicals as potential mitigators of glyphosate side effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of distinct doses of fulvic acid 25% (k-tionic® 1000 and 2000 mL ha-1), amino acids (Codamin BR® 500 and 1000 mL ha-1), phosphite (Nutex 0-3020®, 2000 and 4000 mL ha-1) and biostimulant (Byozime TF® 250 and 500 mL ha-1) in reversion of fitotoxicity caused by glyphosate on ‘Carioca’ common bean plants. For comparison, plants treated only with glyphosate, and untreated plants (control) were also evaluated. Glyphosate spray (Roundup WG 0.06 kg ha-1) was performed at 31 days after planting (DAP), and agrochemicals were applied at 36 DAP. Phytotoxicity symptoms, as well as leaf area, dry mass of leaves and stems, and physiological indexes were evaluated at 54 DAP. Application of amino acid-based product (500 mL ha-1) significantly reduced (29.90%) phytotoxicity symptoms. Both doses of amino acid-based product increased dry mass of leaves; therefore, they were able to maintain the leaf weight ratio similar to the control plants. However, there was a decrease in leaf area, which was not reverted by any of the agrochemicals. It is concluded that application of amino acid-based product 1 Dra. ; Engenheira Agronoma; Funcionaria da Isagro Brasil Comercio de Produtos Agroquimicos Ltda; Endereco: Rua Joaquim Floriano, 466 / Cj 1205, Itaim Bibi, CEP: 04534-002, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil; E-mail: chryz.serciloto@fmc.com 2 MSc. ; Biologa; Doutoranda em Genetica e Melhoramento de Plantas na Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” ESALQ/USP; Endereco: Avenida Padua Dias, 11, Sao Judas, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brasil; E-mail: marcia198811@usp.br 3 Dr.; Engenheiro Agronomo; Professor Titular da Universidade de Sao Paulo, USP; Endereco: Avenida Padua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Caixa Postal: 09, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brasil; E-mail: prcastro@usp.br (*) Autor para correspondencia.
Almost congruence extension property for subgroups of free groups

Abstract Let H be a subgroup of F and 〈 〈 H 〉 〉 F {\langle\kern-1.422638pt\langle H\rangle\kern-1.422638pt\rangle_{F}} the normal closure of H in F. We say that H has the Almost Congruence Extension Property (ACEP) in F if there is a finite set of nontrivial elements ϝ ⊂ H {\digamma\subset H} such that for any normal subgroup N of H one has H ∩ 〈 〈 N 〉 〉 F = N {H\cap\langle\kern-1.422638pt\langle N\rangle\kern-1.422638pt\rangle_{F}=N} whenever N ∩ ϝ = ∅ {N\cap\digamma=\emptyset} . In this paper, we provide a sufficient condition for a subgroup of a free group to not possess ACEP. It also shows that any finitely generated subgroup of a free group satisfies some generalization of ACEP.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Public Sector Jobs Saved, Private Sector Jobs Forestalled

This paper uses variation across states to estimate the number of jobs created/saved as a result of the spending component of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The key sources of identication are ARRA highway funding and the intensity of state sales tax usage. Our benchmark point estimates suggest the Act created/saved 450 thousand governmentsector jobs and destroyed/forestalled one million private sector jobs. The large majority of destroyed/forestalled jobs are in a subset of the private service sector comprised of health, (private) education, professional and business services, which we term HELP services. There is appreciable estimation uncertainty associated with these point estimates. Specically, a 90% condence interval for government jobs gained is between approximately zero and 900 thousand and the counterpart for private HELP services jobs lost is 160 to 1378 thousand. In the goodsproducing sector and the services not in our HELP subset, our point estimate jobs eects are,
Eynon, Michael John and O'Donnell, Christopher and Williams, Lynn (2016) Gaining qualitative insight into the subjective experiences of adherers

Nine adults who had recently completed an exercise referral scheme participated in a semi-structured interview to uncover the key psychological factors associated with adherence to the scheme. Through thematic analysis an exercise identity emerged to be a major factor associated with adherence to the scheme, which was formed of a number of underpinning constructs including: changes in self-esteem, changes in self-efficacy, and changes in self-regulatory strategies. Also, an additional theme of transitions in motivation to exercise was identified, showing participants’ motivation to alter from extrinsic to intrinsic reasons to exercise during the scheme.
Segmentation of Crescent Shape Blood Cells using Circular Hough Transform

In this paper, we presented a semi-automated tool to analyze red blood cells. We utilized circular Hough transform for circular cells detection. In a light micrograph, the red blood cells may appear in a crescent shape that known as Sicklecell. Thus, we proposed a technique to detect this shape and demonstrated its capability. Overall, our tool recorded 92% of accuracy with 70% and 72% of sensitivity and specificity respectively. Despite the promising performance, several limitations must be overcome and has been highlighted in the conclusions.
ANote onControl ofAClass ofDiscrete-Time Stochastic SystemswithDistributedDelays

This paper is concerned with the state feedback control problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems involving sector nonlinearities and mixed time delays. The mixed time-delays comprise both the discrete and distributed delays, and the sector nonlinearities appear in the system states and all delayed states. The distributed time-delays in the discrete-time domain are first defined and then a special matrix inequality is developed to handle the distributed time-delays within an algebraic framework. An effective linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is proposed to design the state feedback controllers such that, for all admissible nonlinearities and time-delays, the overall closed-loop system is asymptotically stable in the mean square sense. Sufficient conditions are established for the nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems to be asymptotically stable in the mean square sense, and then the explicit expression of the desired controller gains is derived. A numerical example is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed design method.
World SimChallenge — new simulation idea for students and medical teachers

Dear Editor, Medical education is rapidly changing, with simulation becoming an integral part of these changes because of its ability to teach and objectively assess skills, critical thinking and management. Furthermore, simulation is a tool that is becoming integral in improving patient safety [1]. The American Association of Medical Colleges issued the following statement: “Simulation has the potential to revolutionize health care and address the patient safety issues if appropriately utilized and integrated into the educational and organizational improvement process” [2]. The International SimChallenge was established to provide medical students with a platform to use their knowledge in a friendly competition where they have to make decisions and realize the consequences. A report by the Carnegie Foundation entitled “Toward a Vision for the Future of Medical Education” criticized the current medical education system. Some of the criticisms were that: “medical training is inflexible, excessively long and not learner centered; There are poor connections between formal knowledge and experiential learning; and medical education does not adequately make use of the learning sciences” [3]. Medical student teams compete against each other by managing simulated critically ill patients. The teams are evaluated on the basis of their communication, teamwork, decision-making, situational awareness, task management and outcomes. It is an opportunity for students to use modern technology and learning science in the form of simulation in order to put into context all the information they are learning in medical school (Fig. 1, 2). SimChallenge began as a local competition at Poznan University of Medical Sciences in 2011 to commemorate the success of the first academic year of its simulation program. In the years leading up to the development of the multidisciplinary simulation centre in Poznan the organizing committee had
Zero-energy states in graphene quantum dots and rings

School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom(Dated: May 5, 2011)We present exact analytical zero-energy solutions for a class of smooth decaying potentials, show-ing that the full conﬁnement of charge carriers in electrostatic potentials in graphene quantum dotsand rings is indeed possible without recourse to magnetic ﬁelds. These exact solutions allow usto draw conclusions on the general requirements for the potential to support fully conﬁned states,including a critical value of the potential strength and spatial extent.
Risk factors increasing aggressive behaviour in psychiatric patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders

1 Student Research Group of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland 2 Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland 3 Department of Informatics and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland Correspondence: Wiktor Szymaniuk, Student Research Group of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland, tel. : +48 61 849 15 31, +48 697 623 171, e-mail: wiktor.szymaniuk@gmail.com
Discrepancy between treatment goals documentation by oncologists and their understanding among cancer patients under active treatment with chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Discussion of treatment goals between oncologists and patients is challenging. Patients frequently misunderstand goals of therapy. There are several methods to document goals of chemotherapy, however, and are frequently not incorporated into patient charts. METHODS/DESIGN Cancer patients receiving their first cycle of chemotherapy were interviewed. Patients' recall of discussions with their oncologist regarding therapy intent was assessed and compared to documentation. An adjusted McNemar's test was utilised. A one-sample proportion test was used to evaluate whether the overall observed rate of discordance was significantly different from the proposed 33% rate; a rate posited as a threshold too high in the clinical sense. RESULTS Two hundred and seven eligible patients were interviewed. Oncologist identified treatment goals were not documented in 24.6% of cases and had to be excluded. There was not a significant difference in the directionality of discordance present. Inter-rater agreement between patient and oncologist was found to be adequate (κ = 0.64). The overall rate of discordance (17.29%) was found to be significantly less than the proposed acceptable level of 33% (p < 0.01). Upon univariable analysis, age, gender, marital and employment status were not found to be associated with discordance. CONCLUSIONS Discordance between treatment goals documentation and their understanding exists, indicating continued miscommunication between the patient and oncologist.
Socio-economic factors affecting adoption of improved agricultural practices by small scale farmers in South Africa

Improved crop production forms an integral part of the intervention proposals of the UN Millennium Project to eradicate poverty and hunger in southern Africa. The objective of this study was to collect information on socio-economic aspects and farming practices that could affect adoption of improved agricultural practices. This study highlights the importance of appreciating the complexity of agricultural systems into which development agencies and researchers want to introduce improved technologies. Farmer surveys conducted in dryland and irrigation systems in Limpopo province of South Africa were used to describe the farming communities and identify factors that may affect adoption of improved crop production practices. Surveys involved 367 farmers in seven villages between 2000 and 2003. Surprisingly the incidence of mechanised cultivation was very high. Adoption of new technology in the form of Napier grass trap crops was significantly higher amongst farmers that relied only on farming as a source of income. There were no significant relationships between adoption of improved technologies and farmer age, off-farm income and cultivation methods. These factors are used to illustrate the complexity of agricultural systems and how certain aspects may affect and the role that certain farmer profiles may play in adoption/non-adoption of improved crop production strategies. It is concluded that there may be a lack of need and political will to develop strategies to improve crop production. Key words: Habitat management, pest management, technology adoption, push-pull.
Social media as a source of market information

Summary Nowadays information plays an important role in the development of companies. Information constitutes the main source of building competitive advantage allowing to make a good business decision, which leads to a company's success on the market. Conducting marketing research makes it possible to obtain valuable information, but unfortunately this method is usually associated with the necessity of bearing high costs and in many cases research itself is conducted in an incorrect way and delivers incorrect information. We live in the age of information society, which is associated with the rapid development of the Internet and tools using the Internet allowing various forms of communication. One of such tools are social media platforms, which are usually regarded as a place for building contact networks and communication with other users. It is worth pointing out here that thanks to their popularity social media have become a place which is more and more often noticed by companies. Almost every well-known brand has its profile in the social media, allowing the users of social media portals direct contact with products, or services offered by a particular brand. Persistent popularity of social media means that they are becoming a rich source of information, both about the users - current and potential clients, but also about rivals - companies with a similar profile of activity, actively operating in social networks. The starting point for further deliberations are issues associated with the functioning of social media as a place allowing to obtain market information, which in light of the concept of market intelligence constitutes an alternative to traditional marketing research.
Historical and future trends in aircraft performance, cost, and emissions

▪ Abstract The interdependency of aircraft technological systems, the global reach of the aviation transport industry, and the uncertainty surrounding potential atmospheric effects have made defining the relationship between aviation and environmental impact an arduous task. Air travel continues to experience the fastest growth of all modes of transport, and although the energy intensity of the aviation transport system continues to decline, fuel use and total emissions have steadily risen. This trend, which represents a conflict between growth and environmental impact, has motivated the aircraft manufacturing and airline industries, the scientific community, and governmental bodies to consider what pace of emissions reduction is acceptable. This paper analyzes the historical influence of aircraft performance on cost to examine the potential pace of future efficiency improvements and emissions reduction. Technological and operational influences on aircraft energy intensity are quantified and correlated wi.
Quaternary Faulting in Queen Valley, California-Nevada: Implications for Kinematics of Fault-slip Transfer in the Eastern California Shear Zone–Walker Lane Belt

New geologic map, tectonic, geomorphologic, and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) geochronologic data document the geometry, style, kinematics, and slip rates on late Quaternary faults within the Queen Valley, California-Nevada area. These data provide important insight into the kinematics of fault-slip transfer from the dextral White Mountains fault zone northward into the Mina defl ection. Queen Valley is an ~16-kmlong, NE-trending basin bounded to the south by the White Mountains and underlain by four major Pleistocene to Holocene alluvialfan surfaces. Four different fault types and orientations cut and offset all but the youngest surfaces: (1) The normal-slip Queen Valley fault, which consists of a set of NE-striking, NW- and SE-dipping normal fault scarps that cut across the SE side of the valley and offset all but the youngest surfaces; (2) discontinuous NE-striking, sinistral faults exposed on the north side of the valley; (3) the NW-striking dextral Coyote Springs fault, which merges into (4) a set of E-W‐striking thrust faults. Measured offsets across normal fault scarps developed within 10 Be TCN-dated surfaces yield minimum late Pleistocene horizontal extension rates of 0.1‐0.3 mm/yr. Documented fault geometries and slip orientations across Queen Valley suggest that fault-slip transfer models, such as the extensional displacement transfer, block rotation, and simple shear models, within the dextral fault system proposed for the eastern California shear zone‐ Walker Lane belt are not applicable to this part of the Mina defl ection. Rather, dextral fault slip is transferred by both a restraining westward step and a releasing eastward step. Restraining and releasing bends have been extensively documented at a range of scales in strike-slip fault tectonic settings globally, and they have been simulated in analog models; thus, it is not surprising to document both within the ~630-km-long dextral shear zone that makes up the northern eastern California shear zone‐Walker Lane belt. Our results, combined with published slip rates for the dextral White Mountain fault zone and the eastern sinistral Coaldale fault, suggest that transfer of dextral slip into the Mina defl ection is partitioned into three different components: horizontal extension along the Queen Valley fault, thrust faulting that merges into the dominantly dextral slip along the Coyote Springs fault, and dominantly sinistral slip along the Coaldale fault. A velocity vector diagram of fault-slip partitioning across Queen Valley predicts a small component of contraction across the Coyote Springs and western Coaldale faults. Contraction across the Mina defl ection is consistent with global positioning system data. An observed reduction in late Pleistocene fault-slip rates at the northern end of the eastern California shear zone and across the southwestern part of the Mina defl ection may be explained by distribution of slip across a much broader zone than generally thought.
Enhanced differential evolution algorithm for solving reactive power problem

Differential evolution (DE) is one of the efficient evolutionary computing techniques that seem to be effective to handle optimization problems in many practical applications. Conversely, the performance of DE is not always flawless to guarantee fast convergence to the global optimum. It can certainly get inaction resulting in low accuracy of acquired results. An enhanced differential evolution (EDE) algorithm by integrating excited arbitrary confined search (EACS) to augment the performance of a basic DE algorithm have been proposed in this paper. EACS is a local search method that is excited to swap the present solution by a superior candidate in the neighbourhood. Only a small subset of arbitrarily selected variables is used in each step of the local exploration for randomly deciding the subsequent provisional solution. The proposed EDE has been tested in standard IEEE 30 bus test system. The simulation results show clearly about the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss with control variables within the limits.
The influence of the addition of polymers on the physico-chemical properties of bentonite suspensions

Bentonite clays have many applications in industries ranging from construction to cosmetics. Addition of polymers can profoundly influence the properties of bentonite suspensions and we now describe the influence of a range of different polymers. Whereas polyvinyl pyrolidone and soy isolate only slightly influenced the pH and the electrical conductivity of bentonite polymers in suspension, Carbopol solution caused decreases in both pH and electrical conductivity. As expected, strong electrolytes like sodium chloride caused big changes in the electrical conductivity of the suspensions. When the temperature of the bentonite suspensions was increased, the pH was almost unchanged, but the electrical conductivity increased. Bentonite treated with polymer suspensions can be used in purifying polluted water; for example, our results suggest that high pH caused by phosphorous salts can be addressed using bentonite modified with Carbopol.
Improvement in the Mechanical Properties of High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy ( Ti 50 Ni 25 Pd 25 ) by Copper Addition

High temperature shape memory alloys Ti 50 Ni 25 Pd 25 and Ti 50 Ni 20 Pd 25 Cu 5 were developed, characterized, and tensile tested in both martensite (M f − 50C) and austenite (A f + 50C) phases. The transformation temperatures of ternary Ti 50 Ni 25 Pd 25 alloy were increased by 11 to 12.5C by substitution of Ni with 5 at% Cu. At the same time, transformation heat absorbed and released during forward and reverse martensitic transformation was also increased. In the martensite phase, the mechanical properties, that is, the stress for reorientation of martensite variants and fracture stress, were increased by 33 and 60MPa, respectively, whereas the fracture strain was decreased by 1.5%. In the austenite phase, the critical stress for slip and fracture stress were increased by 62 and 40.9MPa, respectively, whereas the fracture strain was decreased by 1.2%. The increase in both stresses was attributed to the solid solution strengthening by substitution of Ni atoms with relatively greater atomic radius of copper (Cu) atoms. The overall results suggest that the addition of 5 at% Cu in place of Ni in Ti 50 Ni 25 Pd 25 alloy is very beneficial to improving the mechanical and shape memory properties and increasing the transformation temperatures.
Methods Used in Teaching and Learning of Literature in the ESL Classroom and Adult Learners’ Attitude

The introduction of literature component in the Malaysian ESL context has brought much discussion on the importance of teaching the subject as part of the English Language syllabus in Malaysian primary, secondary and tertiary educational scenarios. This paper examines the findings of a study which investigated adult learners’ attitude towards approaches used in teaching and learning literature in a tertiary ESL classroom. The focus of this paper is on attitude, responses, qualities and shortcomings of adult learners toward methodologies utilised as a part of instruction and learning of literature in a TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) programme. The findings of the study acquired by means of quantitative and qualitative approaches reveal that the learners appreciate learning literature in the ESL context and prefer an assortment of exercises and activities in the classroom despite being independent learners.