Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism Analysis of Subsynchronous Torsional Interaction With PMSG-Based WTs and LCC-HVDC

In China, the development of wind-thermal-bundled power transmission by line-commutated converter-based high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVdc) is in progress. The dynamics in such a new scenario with three types of devices (three-device scenario), viz., synchronous generators (SGs), wind turbines (WTs), and LCC-HVdc, becomes salient and may cause subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) issue. Such an SSTI issue is still but should not be underestimated. In this article, a path decomposition method is proposed to examine this SSTI issue from a mechanism perspective. With this method, the external electrical system is modeled as four explicit paths viewed from the SG rotor. This gives insight into the dominant paths and contributing devices of the SSTI damping and builds bridges among single-/two-/three-device equivalent scenarios that are used for SSTI studies. With these explicit paths, the impact of the interaction between WT and LCC-HVdc on the SSTI damping of SG is quantified. It is exposed from a specific case that the SSTI instability phenomenon in a three-device scenario does not appear in single-/two-device scenarios. The findings not only reveal that the interaction between WT and LCC-HVdc imposes a significant damping effect on the SSTI issue but also demonstrate that it is inadvisable to study the practical SSTI issue by simplifying such a three-device scenario to single-/two-device scenarios. The path decomposition method can be extended to power systems with more than three devices.
Predictive Adaptive Streaming to Enable Mobile 360-Degree and VR Experiences

As 360-degree videos and virtual reality (VR) applications become popular for consumer and enterprise use cases, the desire to enable truly mobile experiences also increases. Delivering 360-degree videos and cloud/edge-based VR applications require ultra-high bandwidth and ultra-low latency [1], challenging to achieve with mobile networks. A common approach to reduce bandwidth is streaming only the field of view (FOV). However, extracting and transmitting the FOV in response to user head motion can add high latency, adversely affecting user experience. In this paper, we propose a predictive adaptive streaming approach, where the predicted view with high predictive probability is adaptively encoded in relatively high quality according to bandwidth conditions and transmitted in advance, leading to a simultaneous reduction in bandwidth and latency. The predictive adaptive streaming method is based on a deep-learning-based viewpoint prediction model we develop, which uses past head motions to predict where a user will be looking in the 360-degree view. Using a very large dataset consisting of head motion traces from over 36,000 viewers for nineteen 360-degree/VR videos, we validate the ability of our predictive adaptive streaming method to offer high-quality view while simultaneously significantly reducing bandwidth.
Effects of a founder event and supplementary introductions on genetic variation in a captive breeding population of the endangered Spanish killifish

Twelve polymorphic allozyme loci were employed to assess the genetic change in a captive breeding population of the endangered killifish Aphanius baeticus in the Donana National Park, south-western Spain. The initial founder event did not significantly reduce the allelic richness or the expected heterozygosity. No genetic bottleneck signature was detected by tests for deviation from mutation-drift equilibrium. The FsT between the wild source and captive population, however, was relatively high (0.053 or 0.122 when excluding or including the locus IDHP-1* respectively), after just two to three generations in captivity. Two generations after the incorporation of 68 new wild specimens (greater than five generations after founding) decreased the genetic differences and the F ST (0.041 excluding IDHP-I*). The restoration efforts appeared to be helpful and the study of 12 polymorphic loci and a sensitive parameter such as F ST were useful for monitoring genetic changes in captivity. Nonetheless, future monitoring should include additional highly polymorphic loci (microsatellites) to achieve higher power to detect genetic change. Such restoration and monitoring efforts should help to avoid rapid inbreeding, adaptation to captivity, and to maintain the long-term evolutionary potential in small isolated populations.
Cellulose‐Conducting Polymer Aerogels for Efficient Solar Steam Generation

Seawater desalination and wastewater purification technologies are the main strategies against the global fresh water shortage. Among these technologies, solar‐driven evaporation is effective in extracting fresh water by efficiently exploiting solar energy. However, building a sustainable and low‐cost solar steam generator with high conversion efficiency is still a challenge. Here, pure organic aerogels comprising a cellulose scaffold decorated with an organic conducting polymer absorbing in the infrared are employed to establish a high performance solar steam generator. The low density of the aerogel ensures minimal material requirements, while simultaneously satisfying efficient water transport. To localize the absorbed solar energy and make the system floatable, a porous floating and thermal‐insulating foam is placed between the water and the aerogel. Thanks to the high absorbance of the aerogel and the thermal‐localization performance of the foam, the system exhibits a high water evaporation rate of 1.61 kg m−2 h−1 at 1 kW m−2 under 1 sun irradiation, which is higher than most reported solar steam generation devices.
Efficacy of biopesticides against major arthropod pests and their natural enemies on okra

Efficacy of six biopesticides against insect pest of okra was evaluated in terms of population reduction over control during kharif, 2016 and 2017. Four foliar applications were done and results revealed that all the treatments were effective. Neem-baan was the most effective at 3rd and 7th day in all the sprays against whitefly (65.25, 28.80), (64.35, 27.88), (64.82, 27.71), (63.65, 26.54) and leafhopper, (64.08, 26.35), (64.09, 27.20), (64.45, 27.44), (64.39, 27.35), respectively. Neem baan was also effective at 3rd and 7th day against red spider mite during 4th spray and brought significant reduction in the shoot and fruit borer infestation up to 62.67%. Biopesticides treatments did not show any detrimental effect on the coccinellids and spiders’ populations. However, in laboratory experiments neem based pesticides brought significant reduction when treated aphid (A. gossypii) was fed to both species of coccinellids viz., C. septempunctata and C. sexmaculata. 3% neem oil reported maximum feeding reduction (28.05%) for C. septempunctata while in C. sexmaculata it was 34.74%.
Improved PBFT Algorithm Based on Reputation and Voting Mechanism

Aiming at the problems of large communication cost of the consistency process, low efficiency of view switching and the random selection of the master node in the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), an Improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (IPBFT) is proposed. Firstly, This paper proposes a credit model and voting mechanism, that the master node is generated by voting with nodes reputation values, which ensures the reliability of the master node and reduces the possibility that the abnormal node acts as master node. Secondly, the consistency process is optimized to decrease the frequency and time of communication between nodes. Finally, the view switching protocol is optimized, that classification process for abnormal node and malicious node further reduces communication time. The experimental results show that compared with PBFT, IPBFT increases the average throughput, reduces the delay, and improves the operating efficiency and security of the system.
Epithelial Repair in the Rabbit Cornea Following Aspects of Epithelial Injury and Repair after Mustard Exposure

Sulfur mustard (SM; bis (2‐chloroethyl) sulfide) is a potent vesicating agent that has been used in chemical warfare. Exposure of the eyes to SM can cause corneal erosions, epithelial defects, neovascularization, microblistering, and/or dry eye disease, all injuries that can lead to corneal epithelium sloughing and ultimately blindness. In the present studies, the effects of ocular exposure to SM vapor (0.420 mg/L for 8 min) on the corneas of male New Zealand white rabbits was characterized at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post‐exposure. During this time, corneal thickness increased from ~400 microns to 600–900 microns. Unexposed control corneas were clear throughout the time course. However, after SM exposure increased corneal thickness was associated with decreased corneal opacity and neovascularization. Histologically, SM exposure induced epithelial‐stromal separation at 3 days, by which time 16% of the epithelia had separated from the stroma, and by 28 days detachment had decreased to 9%. Also observed was post‐SM epithelial thinning, increased stromal disorganization, and edema. Sporadic keratocytes were also evident in the edematous stroma by day 14. At 28 days post‐SM, an inflammatory cell infiltrate was observed in the stroma. In control corneas, keratin 17, a marker of wound repair, was constitutively expressed in the limbus and bulbar conjunctiva. By 14 days post‐SM, keratin 17 was expressed in the peripheral corneal epithelium, and by 28 days it was expressed in the central cornea. PCNA, a proliferation marker, was constitutively expressed in the nuclei of control corneal epithelial cells. Three days post‐SM, PCNA expression was decreased along the damaged basal layer. Twenty eight days post‐SM, PCNA was upregulated in the nuclei of hyperplastic cells of the central cornea and cells of the limbus, indicating wound repair. These data suggest that limbal and /or conjunctival epithelial cells play a role in the repair of SM‐induced corneal injury. A better understanding of the mechanisms of SM‐induced corneal damage will lead to the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of these debilitating ocular injuries. Supported by NIH grant AR055073.
Relative Free Energy Function and Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics

This paper explores the advantages of using relative free energy instead of exergy to build a mathematical theory of thermodynamic costs to diagnose malfunctions in thermal systems. This theory is based on the definition of a linearized characteristic equation that represents the physical behavior of each component. The physical structure of the system described by its energy interrelationships is called “primal”, and its derivatives are the costs and consumptions. The obtained cost structure is the mathematical “dual” of its primal. The theory explains why the F and P cost assessment rules and any other suggestion may (or may not be) rational under a given disaggregation scheme. A result of the theory is a new thermodynamic function called the relative free energy and a new parameter called deterioration temperature, which due to a component’s deterioration cause and is characterized by an h–s thermodynamic trajectory describing the effects on the exiting stream. The relative free energy function allows for an exact relationship between the amount of used resources and the increase in entropy generation caused by the deterioration path of the component. This function allows the obtaining of, for the first time, an appropriate characteristic equation for a turbine and a new definition of efficiency that does not depend on the environmental temperature, but on the deterioration temperature. In addition, cost with relative free energy instead of exergy may open a new path for more precise and straightforward assessments of component deterioration.
From April to August—Wild Bees Pollinating Crops Through the Growing Season in Virginia, USA.

ABSTRACT Few baseline data exist regarding the role of wild, primarily native, non-Apis bees in pollinating crops through the growing season in the mid-Atlantic United States. Apis mellifera L. , honey bees, generally are assumed to provide the majority of crop pollination, with the value of pollination provided by non-Apis bees estimated at between one-half and one-sixth the value of honey bees, though many non-Apis bees are known to be more effective in pollinating some crops. In this study, the first documenting wild bees visiting crop flowers through the growing season, non-Apis bees accounted for the majority of crop visitation for several economically important entomophilous crops in Virginia, such as apple, blueberry, caneberry, and cucurbit) and likely provided most of the pollination. Wild bees made up between 68% (in caneberries) and 83% (in cucurbits) of bees visiting crop flowers. Between 43 and 59 non-Apis bee species visited flowers of each crop (105 species overall). Species turnover was very high between sites, ranging from only 13% shared species in pairwise comparisons for blueberries to 30% shared species for caneberries. Native bee taxa most abundant on crops were Andrena F. , mining bees, Bombus Latreille, bumble bees, and Osmia Panzer, mason bees, on apples and blueberries; Losioglossum Curtis, sweat bees, on caneberries; and Peponapis pruinosa Say, squash bees, and Bombus on cucurbits. Overall, this study highlights the substantial role of native bees in agricultural pollination in this region.
The blood alga: phylogeny of Haematococcus (Chlorophyceae) inferred from ribosomal RNA gene sequence data

The status of the green algal genera Haematococcus and Stephanosphaera has been a source of debate among algal systematists. A phylogenetic alliance between Haematococcus (sensu lato) and the colonial Stephanosphaera was affirmed by earlier molecular phylogenetic investigations. Although the data suggested that the genus Haematococcus may not be a monophyletic group, taxon sampling limited the scope of any potential taxonomic revision. Results from new molecular phylogenetic analyses of data from the 18S and 26S rRNA genes support the establishment of a separate genus, Balticola, as originally proposed by Droop in 1956. Haematococcus remains as a valid genus, with H. pluvialis as its only member. The monotypic status of H. pluvialis is supported both by molecular phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal RNA genes and assessments of molecular evolution in the ITS2 sequences of H. pluvialis strains. The near-complete absence of compensatory base changes in a sequence-structure analysis of the highly variable ITS2 gene from more than 40 geographically diverse isolates of H. pluvialis corroborates the unity of the species inferred from molecular phylogenetic analyses of 18S and 26S rRNA gene sequence data.
Preparation of electrospun silver/poly(vinyl alcohol) fibrous membranes and characterization of the effect of sterilization processes on the antibacterial activity

Silver ions (Ag+) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are effective antimicrobial agents that act against a broad spectrum of bacteria. The releasing quantitation of free Ag+ is exclusively responsible for the biological toxicity, while limiting the free Ag+ in AgNPs or in polymers would largely ease the conditions. In this study, the different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and an optional preheat treatment on the spinning solution before electrospinning to form the Ag+/AgNPs/PVA fibrous membranes through electrospinning technology were investigated. The morphologies, AgNPs dispersity within the PVA matrix, and the sterilizations (UV irradiation and autoclave) for Ag+/AgNPs/PVA fibrous membranes were characterized. The antibacterial activities of Ag/PVA composite membranes combined with the in-house prepared light-cured resin were also investigated. Results showed that the AgNPs/PVA fibrous membranes with antibacterial capability can be produced with the addition of at least 5 wt. % of AgNO3 to PVA. The antibacterial activities of Ag content in the PVA matrix were increased in the high presence of Ag. Noteworthy, the antibacterial enhancing effect was observed for the spinning solution groups after preheating treatment at 100°C for 1 h. The result suggests that Ag/PVA fibrous membranes sterilized by autoclave hindered antibacterial effectiveness due to the significant particle size changes in the generation of large-sized AgNPs. Nevertheless, the direct application of UV light irradiation to Ag/PVA fibrous membranes preserves their active antibacterial profile against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. We also demonstrated that these designed AgNPs/PVA composite membranes can equip the resin with an active antibacterial capability, could benefit from the prevented bacteria breeding in microleakages and thus further reduce the possibility for secondary caries.
Adaptive explanation for the origins of the anthropoidea (primates)

A new explanation for the origin of the primate suborder Anthropoidea is presented. Functional analyses of the “forward”‐facing orbits, postorbital septum and retinal fovea are used to reconstruct the morphological and ecological contexts in which these features are most likely to have evolved. The postorbital septum is argued to have evolved as an adaptation to protect the orbital contents from encroaching fibers of anterior temporalis. This encroachment resulted from increasing convergence and frontation of the orbital margins in a lineage of small‐bodied animals with relatively large eyes. Increasing orbital convergence is hypothesized to have resulted from reduction in relative orbit diameter associated with a shift to diurnality at small body size (<1,300 g). Increased frontation (verticality) of the orbital margins is hypothesized to have been due to rostral displacement of the superior orbital margin or increasing basicranial flexion in a lineage of animals with orbits pushed to the midline below the olfactory tract. Either of these changes would have occurred as a result of increases in neocortex size. Increased neocortical volume is hypothesized to have resulted from a shift to group living associated with a shift to diurnality. Diurnal, visual predation among other vertebrates is commonly associated with possession of a retinal fovea and the haplorhine fovea is hypothesized to have evolved in a similar context. All these features are hypothesized to have evolved in association with a shift from nocturnal to diurnal visual predation of insects at small body size and this adaptive shift is argued to be the defining feature of the anthropoid suborder. The omomyid skull is the best structural antecedent of the anthropoid skull; however, if basal primates exhibited moderate degrees of orbital convergence and frontation, orbits that were closely approximated below the olfactory tract and nocturnal habits, they could easily have given rise to the anthropoid stem species. The presence of a retinal fovea and lack of a tapetum lucidum in extant tarsiers implies that they shared a diurnal ancestry with anthropoids. This suggests that the adaptive explanation for anthropoid origins presented here applies to the origins of the haplorhine stem lineage. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of sea temperature upon the numbers of grilse and multi-sea-winter Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caught in the vicinity of the River Dee (Aberdeenshire)

The possible influence of sea temperature upon the age of return of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was examined using the catch and weight data of grilse and multi-sea-winter (MSW) salmon of the Aberdeen Harbour Board caught either within or adjacent to the River Dee (Aberdeenshire). This data set, apart from a 10-yr period of commercial confidentiality, is very suitable because uniformity of effort allowed catch per unit effort to be calculated. Only in the last few years was external pressure (high seas fishing) applied to the system. Various temperature series were examined but the known loci of high seas fishing and the temperature ranges involved suggested that the most relevant series is from the subarctic. Increase in temperature is shown to be associated with larger numbers of fish returning as MSW salmon and fewer as grilse. The average weight of grilse increases with grilse catch numbers. Regression equations for grilse and MSW salmon catch numbers are produced for the period 1877–1972. There is .
The Relationship Between Self-Management and Quality of Life and Visual Function in Glaucoma Patients

IntroductionSelf-management positively contributes to the Quality of Life of many patients with chronic diseases.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-management and the quality of life and visual performance among patients with glaucoma.Materials and MethodsThe current cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted at the glaucoma clinic of the Eye Hospital in Tabriz City, Iran. Through simple random sampling method, the quality of life, visual function, and self-management of 120 patients were compared using the Glaucoma Quality of Life (GQOL-15), National Eye InstituteVisual Functioning (NEI-VFQ), and Patient Activating Measure (PAM) questionnaires. The study participants’ demographic data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Student Samples t-test and Pearson’s correlational coefficient were conducted to compare mean scores and determine the study variables’ relations.ResultsThe total Mean±SD scores for the quality of life, self-management, and visual performance of the studied patients were 33.88±12.73, 65.06±12.69, and 81.36±14.01, respectively. There was a significant relationship between self-management and the quality of life and visual performance of the patients (P=0.001). ConclusionThere was a significant linear relationship between self-management and the quality of life and visual performance of the studied patients; thus, considering selfmanagement strategies in patient education plans for nursing curriculums and hospitals’ education programs are suggested.
Source-Sink Control of Grain Composition in Maize Strains Divergently Selected for Protein Concentration

A long-term divergent selection program for concentration of grain protein in maize (Zea mays L.) has produced the Illinois High (IHP) and low (ILP) Protein strains, which differ greatly in yield and grain composition. The objective of this study was to determine the relative contribution of maternal (source) and zygotic (sink) factors in eliciting the characteristic differences in grain protein concentration. Changes in accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and reduced N during the grain-filling period were determined on field-grown plants in 1984 and 1985 (.)