Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field Emission from Metals in Strong Electric Fields

In the framework of the local density-functional formalism and the model of a homogeneous positive background of a lattice, a self-consistent model of the field emission from a metal in a strong electric field has been proposed and developed. This model has made it possible to do away with some "classical" assumptions and suppositions that were used in the construction of the Fowler-Nordheim theory and its consequences. In the framework of the fully quantum model proposed, self-consistent calculations of the electronic wave functions and of the effective single-electron potential in view of multiparticle effects in a local approximation have shown that the potential barrier at the metal-vacuum interface is much wider and higher than in the case of the conventional approach. This, in turn, results in significantly lower field-emission current densities and in a strongly pronounced deviation from the Fowler-Nordheim straight line in the region of strong fields
El desarrollo sustentable desde la perspectiva social: el caso de la pesquería La Gloría, Chiapas

Fishing in Mexico faces significant challenges, mainly due to the pressure on resources for sustainable development. Sustainability is understood as an interest in biodiversity, encompassing not only the flora and fauna, but also the survival of human communities as managers of the environment. In Chiapas, fishing represents a major source of income; in this sense, the interest of this research revolves around fishing from a social perspective. The objective was to characterize the current state of sustainable development from a social perspective, in which fishing takes place in the artisanal fishery of La Gloria in the Dead Sea Lagoon System in the town of Arriaga, Chiapas. The case study method (Sandin, 2003:175) in-depth interviews, survey, and participant observation as data collection techniques, allowed us to account for the conditions under which fishing takes place. The results show that 19.4 percent of the fishermen have suffered accidents, the income of 49 percent is between 5 and 8 thousand pesos a month, for 51 percent the income is lower than that, 81.9 percent perceive cooperatives as good, there is a close relationship between the productive activity of fishing and the fishermen’s customs and values, there is little training for the job and inadequate management of productive resources, and intermediaries constitute 81 percent of the sector. Conclusions: cooperatives are the organizational and productive goal, and the fishermen members of them seek income security, reduction of workplace risks, improvement of work skills, acquisition of material resources, infrastructure and services, but above all, a market without intermediaries.
Non‐invasive MRI of mouse models of atherosclerosis

Early detection and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions susceptible to sudden rupture and thrombosis may decrease morbidity and mortality. Plaque development has been extensively studied using MRI in animal models of rapidly progressing atherosclerosis. These transgenic mice develop atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root by 10 weeks of age and throughout the vasculature thereafter. Transplantation of lesion‐containing segments of the thoracic aorta into wild‐type mice results in nearly total reversal of atherosclerosis, making it possible to study both progression and regression of plaques in this model. MRI permits the non‐invasive accurate assessment of atherosclerotic plaque burden and the differentiation between the lipid and fibrous content of individual plaques, thus providing a non‐invasive approach to serially monitor the evolution of individual plaques in the mouse models. Emergence of novel contrast agents that target a diverse set of molecules within the plaque are now helping to elucidate the changes at the cellular and molecular levels during plaque progression and regression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human infections due to Malassezia spp

The genus Malassezia contains three member species: Malassezia furfur and Malassezia sympodialis, both obligatory lipophilic, skin flora yeasts of humans, and Malassezia pachydermatis, a nonobligatory lipophilic, skin flora yeast of other warm-blooded animals. Several characteristics suggest the basidiomycetous nature of these yeasts, although a perfect stage has not been identified. Classically, these organisms are associated with superficial infections of the skin and associated structures, including pityriasis versicolor and folliculitis. Recently, however, they have been reported as agents of more invasive human diseases including deep-line catheter-associated sepsis. The latter infection occurs in patients, primarily infants, receiving parenteral nutrition (including lipid emulsions) through the catheter. The lipids presumably provide growth factors required for replication of the organisms. It is unclear how deep-line catheters become colonized with Malassezia spp. Skin colonization with M. furfur is common in infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units, whereas colonization of newborns hospitalized in well-baby nurseries and of older infants is rarely observed. Catheter colonization, which may occur without overt clinical symptoms, probably occurs secondary to skin colonization, with the organism gaining access either via the catheter insertion site on the skin or through the external catheter hub (connecting port). There is little information on the colonization of hospitalized patients by M. sympodialis or M. pachydermatis. Diagnosis of superficial infections is best made by microscopic examination of skin scrapings following KOH, calcofluor white, or histologic staining. Treatment of these infections involves the use of topical or oral antifungal agents, and it may be prolonged. Diagnosis of Malassezia catheter-associated sepsis requires detection of the organism in whole blood smears or in buffy coat smears of blood drawn through the infected catheter or isolation of the organism from catheter or peripheral blood or the catheter tip. Culture of M. furfur from blood is best achieved with Isolator tubes and plating onto a solid medium supplemented with a lipid source. Appropriate treatment of patients requires removal of the infected catheter with or without temporary stoppage of lipid emulsions; administration of antifungal therapeutic agents does not appear to be necessary. Because many patients who develop Malassezia catheter-associated sepsis have severe underlying illnesses, caution must be exercised in attributing all clinical deterioration to Malassezia infection. Our better understanding of how these organisms cause disease awaits the development of a useful typing scheme for epidemiologic studies and further studies on microbial virulence factors and the role of the immune response in pathogenesis.
Gold Coated Carbon-Nanotube Surfaces as Low Force Electrical Contacts for MEMS Devices: Part II, Fine Transfer Mechanisms

Material transfer in switching contacts is considered at very low currents, (below 20mA). The transfer process is critical to a wide range of electronic switching technologies and is a limiting factor for MEMs relays. A test system is described and characterized for bench-marking surfaces. This is followed by a study of Multi-walled CNT's (MWCNT's), synthesized on a silicon planar and sputter coated with a gold film. The planar surfaces are mounted on the tip of a piezo-electric actuator and mated with a Au coated hemispherical surface. The switching contacts are tested under conditions typical of MEMS relay applications; 4V, 1mA; with a static contact force of 1mN, results are presented on the bounce process and on the opening characteristic with respect to the melting and boiling voltages for the materials tested.
The monocular and binocular subfields of the rat's primary visual cortex: A quantitative morphological approach

Primary visual cortex in the rat was studied by a variety of methods: transsynaptic transport of labelled amino acids, 2‐deoxyglucose, and staining for perikarya, myelin, and acetylcholinesterase. The analysis was aided by a computer‐controlled television image analyzer. The results obtained with different methods agree with one another in describing the position and extent of the entire primary visual cortex as well as its monocular (medial) and binocular (lateral) subareas.
Morphology and Electrical Performance Improvement of NiGe/Ge Contact by P and Sb Co-implantation

In this letter, co-implantation of P and Sb dopants into NiGe film is first proposed to improve the characteristic of NiGe/Ge contact. Through this technique, obvious enhancement of NiGe thermal stability is achieved. The surface morphology of NiGe film even keeps smooth and flat after post-germanidation annealing up to 600$^{\circ}{\rm C}$. The current characteristics of the formed NiGe/p-Ge diodes are also improved, exhibiting better rectifying performance. It is believed that the improved interface quality and the enhanced dopant activation contribute to these improvements. Therefore, this technique shows great potential for high performance Ge device technology.
In vitro and In vivo anthelmintic activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

The in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves was studied to rationalize its traditional use. Live Haemonchus contortus were used to assess the in vitro anthelmintic effect of a crude aqueous extract (CAE) and a methanol extract (CME) of N. tabacum. The in vitro inhibitory effect of both the extracts was evident from the paralysis and/or mortality of worms noted at 6 h post‐exposure. For the in vivo studies, CAE and CME were administered in increasing doses (1.0–3.0 g/kg) to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. A maximum reduction of 73.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded on day 5 post‐treatment with CME (3.0 g/kg) while the same dose of CAE showed a 49.4% reduction. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard anthelmintic agent, showed a 99.6% reduction in EPG. These data show that the aqueous and methanol extracts of Nicotiana tabacum exhibit dose‐dependent anthelmintic activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus justifying its use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing Fully Distributed Consensus Protocols for Linear Multi-agent Systems with Directed Communication Graphs

AbstractThis paper addresses the distributed consensus protocol design problem for multi-agent systems withgeneral linear dynamics and directed communication graphs. Existing works usually design consensusprotocols using the smallest real part of the nonzero eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix associatedwith the communication graph, which however is global information. In this paper, based on only theagent dynamics and the relative states of neighboring agents, a distributed adaptive consensus protocolis designed to achieve leader-follower consensus for any communication graph containing a directedspanning tree with the leader as the root node. The proposed adaptive protocol is independent of anyglobal information of the communication graph and thereby is fully distributed. Extensions to the casewith multiple leaders are further studied.Index TermsMulti-agent system, cooperative control, consensus, distributed control, adaptive control. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 61104153 and 61225013, andNational Science Foundation under CAREER Award ECCS-1213291.Z. Li and Z. Duan are with the State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanicsand Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (E-mail: zhongkli@pku.edu.cn;duanzs@pku.edu.cn). G. Wen is with the Department of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China (E-mail: wen-guanghui@gmail.com). W. Ren is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA (E-mail:ren@ee.ucr.edu).
Military Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Awareness Training for Health Care Providers Within the Military Health System

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals serving within the U.S. military and their beneficiaries have unique health care requirements. Department of Defense Directive 1304.26 “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” created a barrier for service members to speak candidly with their health care providers, which left specific health care needs unaddressed. There are no standardized cultural education programs to assist Military Health System (MHS) health care providers in delivering care to LGBT patients and their beneficiaries. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of an LGBT educational program for health care providers within the MHS to increase cultural awareness in caring for this special population. METHOD: This multisite educational program was conducted at Travis Air Force Base and Joint Base Lewis-McChord from November 15, 2014, to January 30, 2015. A 15-question multiple-choice questionnaire was developed based on the education program and was administered before and after the education program. A total of 51 individuals completed the program. RESULTS: Overall posttest scores improved compared to pretest scores. CONCLUSION: This program was designed to begin the process of educating health care providers about the unique health care issues of military LGBT Service Members and their beneficiaries. This program was the first to address the disparities in LGBT health care needs within the Department of Defense. It also provided a platform for facilitating open communication among providers regarding LGBT population health needs in the military.
Factors Contributing to Hydrogen Peroxide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Include Pyruvate Oxidase (SpxB) and Avoidance of the Toxic Effects of the Fenton Reaction

ABSTRACT Aerobic growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae results in production of amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. H2O2 production by S. pneumoniae has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing S. pneumoniae, a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of H2O2 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, pyruvate oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous H2O2 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added H2O2. Pretreatment with H2O2 did not increase H2O2 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an H2O2-inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less acetyl-phosphate, a potential source of ATP. During H2O2 exposure, ATP levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid ATP depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that S. pneumoniae SpxB contributes to an H2O2-resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although H2O2-dependent hydroxyl radical production and the intracellular concentration of free iron were similar to that of Escherichia coli, killing by H2O2 was unaffected by iron chelators, suggesting that S. pneumoniae has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.
Electronics for a high temperature superconducting receiver system for magnetic resonance microimaging

Describes an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) receiver system that incorporates a high temperature superconducting (HTS) resonator as a surface coil. Techniques for measuring the Q of the HTS resonator in a 7 Tesla field are discussed. A method for coupling a room temperature copper resonant circuit to the HTS element is covered, and it is shown that such a coupling scheme preserves the signal-to-noise gain afforded by the HTS coil. A preamplifier with a noise figure of <0.15 dB at 300 MHz is described. <<ETX>>
Center of mass motion and the effects of ankle bracing on metabolic cost during submaximal walking trials

The goal of this research was to examine the relationship between center of mass (CoM) motion and metabolic cost and to assess secondarily the effects of equinus gait on metabolic cost during walking trials at various velocities. Twelve (n = 12) healthy male adults walked in four brace conditions, including fixed equinus, at three different walking speeds. Metabolic measures and 3D kinematic data were collected during each trial. Significant main effects for velocity were observed on both dependent measures, net O2 cost (p < 0.001), and CoM vertical excursion (CoMz) (p < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between net O2 cost and CoMz that were strongest at fast velocities. Further, analysis revealed the cost of walking at a comfortable speed in the equine position was 28% greater than walking in braces without springs or springs in neutral position and 64% greater than walking in shoes alone. CoMz does correlate with metabolic cost as measured by net O2 cost. Also, normal subjects walking in equinus have an increased net O2 cost and increased CoMz when compared to walking with shoes alone or the other brace conditions at all velocities. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: Pulmonary Lobectomy

Three techniques are currently used to perform video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy:endoscopic hilar dissection, minithoracotomy, and mass stapling of the lobar pedicle at the hilum. The reported results demonstrate that VATS lobectomy is technically feasible and safe. In comparison with open lobectomy, it is associated with less postoperative pain and a reduced incidence of respiratory complications. Lymph node harvest is equal to that achieved at open surgery, and the available intermediate survival data for stage I or II bronchogenic carcinoma indicate that VATS resection is at least equal to open lobectomy. Preliminary laboratory data suggest that a VATS approach may result in decreased cytokine activation and cell immunity changes. Copyright © 1996 by W. B. Saunders Company
Design Solutions for Sample-and-Hold Circuits in CMOS Nanometer Technologies

Solutions for the design of low-voltage sample-and-hold (S/H) circuits in CMOS nanometer technologies are presented. As a design example, a 0.8-V supply S/H is designed and simulated using a 130-nm CMOS process. It dissipates 0.5 mW at dc and provides almost a rail-to-rail signal swing. When clocked at 40 MS/s and with a 1.4- VPP differential input signal, the simulated spurious-free dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio, and total harmonic distortion are 57, 67, and -56 dB (9 equivalent bits), respectively, with low sensitivity to supply, temperature, process, and mismatch variations. The proposed solution employs a three-stage low-voltage amplifier without a tail current source in the differential pair and a switch topology, which combines clock voltage doubling and dummy switches.
Primary stenting for left-main shock syndrome.

AIMS Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by unprotected left-main shock (LMS) remains a highly morbid event among acute coronary syndromes. Whether early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the stent era improves the clinical outcome remains poorly defined. METHOD AND RESULTS 25 consecutive patients who presented with LMS were treated by primary stenting of bare metal stents for the unprotected left main lesion with an aid of conventional supportive measures. Mean age of the patients was 67 (range, 46-89), 84% were male, with an initial mean systolic BP of 88mmHg (range, 40-120), HR of 82 bpm (range, 38-130), and symptom onset to reperfusion of 4.8hours (range, 1.5-17). An initial TIMI grade 0 flow was noted on the emergent CAG among 56% of the patients, but after PTCA and stenting, TIMI grade 3 flow was obtained among 84%. 30-day mortality was 32%, while one patient underwent emergent CABG for subacute stent thrombosis and 3 patients required elective CABG for residual disease during admission. Among 11 patients who were discharged alive, one required further institutionalization for ischemic brain injury, and the 2 required target vessel revascularization for restenoses. The major adverse cardiac events (death, re-infarction, stroke, and target vessel revascularization) occurred in 68% (17/25) over a 12-month follow-up, including 40% of mortality. CONCLUSIONS AMI complicated by unprotected LMS could be treated effectively with a prompt application of stenting and result in an acceptable mortality and morbidity.
Comparing Decision Tree Method Over Three Data Mining Software

As a result of the growing IT and producing methods and collecting data, it is admitted that today the data can be warehoused faster in comparison with the past. Therefore, knowledge discovery tools are required in order to make use of data mining. Data mining is typically employed as an advanced tool for analyzing the data and knowledge discovery. Indeed, the purpose of data mining is to establish models for decision. These models have the ability to predict the future treatments according to the past analysis and are of the exciting areas of machine learning and adaptive computation. Statistical analysis of the data uses a combination of techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms and data quality information. To utilize the data mining applications, including the commercial and open source applications, numerous programs are currently available. In this research, we introduce data mining and principal concepts of the decision tree method which are the most effective and widely used classification methods. In addition, a succinct description of the three data mining software, namely \textit{SPSS-Clementine}, \textit{RapidMiner} and \textit{Weka} is also provided. Afterwards, a comparison was performed on 3515 real datasets in terms of classification accuracy between the three different decision tree algorithms in order to illustrate the procedure of this research. The most accurate decision tree algorithm is \emph{Decision Tree} by 92.49\% in \emph{Rapidminer}.
Primed Self-Construal, Culture, and Stages of impression Formation

The effects of culture on impression formation are widely documented but poorly understood. Priming independent and interdependent self-construals, and focusing on particular stages of impression formation, could help remedy this because such self-con- struals differ across cultures. In three experiments, participants' were primed with independent or interdependent self-construals before they formed spontaneous or intentional impressions of others. In Experiment 1, lexical decision reaction times showed that both traits and situational properties were activated spontaneously, but were unaffected by self-construal priming. In Experiment 2, a false-recog- nition paradigm showed that spontaneous trait inferences were bound to relevant actors' faces, again regardless of self-construal priming. In Experiment 3, explicit ratings did show priming effects. Those primed with independent (but not interdependent) self-construal inferred traits more strongly than situational properties. Primed self-construals appear to affect intentional but not spontaneous stages of impression formation. The differences between effects of primed and chronic self-construals are discussed.