Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cavernous hemangioma , cavernous malformation , hypothalamic Blooming in the Hypothalamus

© 2019 Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow Cavernomas are vascular malformations which are collections of endothelium‐lined sinusoids without intervening cerebral parenchyma. Hypothalamic location of cavernoma is extremely rare. We present a case of a 34‐year‐old male who presented with complaints of recent memory loss and vomiting. On magnetic resonance imaging with gradient sequences and contrast, a diagnosis of hypothalamic cavernoma was suggested. Excision of lesion was performed by a right parasagittal pericoronal craniotomy via transcallosal approach. Intraoperative findings and histopathology examination corroborated the diagnosis. The uniqueness of this case report is in the susceptibility‐weighted sequence which led to the radiological diagnosis.
Organizing pneumonia: Manifestation peculiarities, causes, and outcomes

IntroductionOrganizing pneumonia (OP) is a rare disorder which may be associated with various clinical contexts and radiological patterns.ObjectivesTo evaluate prospective peculiarities of the manifestation of OP, which may improve the of characterization of the disorder.Material and MethodsForty consecutive patients with a biopsy proven OP were investigated. Clinical symptoms, radiographic signs, and laboratory indices (complete blood cell counts, CRP level, BAL fluid examination) were examined. All patients underwent investigation for possible underlying pathology and associations.Results62.5% of patients had mild-to-moderate respiratory symptoms, 17.5% had severe respiratory symptoms, while the remaining 20% were asymptomatic (an incidental finding on chest radiographs). Severity of the disease correlated with CRP level, but did not correlate with blood leukocytes. Multiple bilateral infiltrates were detected in 35%, a single infiltrate in 40%, a solitary mass in 12.5%, multiple small nodules in 10%, and diffuse ground glass appearance in 2.5% of all cases. Air bronchograms were present in 45%, cavitations in 12.5%, and pleurisy in 7.5% of all lesions. OP occurred in association with infections (53%), neoplastic diseases (23%), both (7%), and other disorders (7%). A cryptogenic origin of OP was in 10% of all cases.ConclusionOP mostly manifested with mild-to-moderate respiratory symptoms and single or multiple lung infiltrates. OP varied in clinical and radiological forms. OP associated mostly with infection and/or neoplasm in our patients. Other reasons and cryptogenic origins of the disorder were rare.
Mesoscopic transport in hybrid normal-superconductor nanostructures

Fig. 4 (a) A conjugated version of a gated Hall bar can be obtained by the simple mapping n «1n. The resulting filling factor geometry can be implemented by standard fabrication techniques: the Hall bar arms are obtained by etching (white regions) while the rest of the 2DES remains conducting. The central channel is again produced by a top gate that connects all the etched trenches. The final circuit geometry is quite non-trivial and multiply-connected however, thanks to particle-hole symmetry, the behavior of such a circuit can be simply understood in terms of “holes” in a completely filled Landau level. (b) Shubnikov de Haas oscillations and transverse resistivity quantization can be observed as function of the gate voltage. Differently from the standard case, the gate voltage dependence is reversed, as expected by the positive charge of the “holes”.
Firm vs . Bank Leverage over the Business Cycle

I develop a general equilibrium model with asymmetric information between issuers and investors to explain the contrasting cyclical behavior of leverage for non-financial corporates (“firms”) and financial intermediaries (“banks”) in U.S. data. Firm leverage is countercyclical because the lemons discount in equity issuance falls relative to the costs of financial distress in a boom. Bank leverage is procyclical because banks are endogenously more diversified than firms and their capacity to issue safe debt, the cheapest form of external finance, increases in a boom. The model explains additional cross-sectional differences in leverage cyclicality, such as between commercial banks and broker/dealers, and between more and less bank-dependent firms. Normatively, there is a role for macroprudential regulation of the level of bank leverage but not its cyclicality, as the procyclicality of bank safe debt issuance is constrained efficient. ∗Department of Economics, Harvard University. Email: rkekre@fas.harvard. edu. For invaluable guidance on this project, I sincerely thank Malcolm Baker, Gabriel Chodorow-Reich, Emmanuel Farhi, Gita Gopinath, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson, Victoria Ivashina, Ken Rogoff, David Scharfstein, Andrei Shleifer, Alp Simsek, Jeremy Stein, and Adi Sunderam. For many helpful discussions, I also thank Eduardo Davila, Ben Hebert, Divya Kirti, Vijay Narasiman, Vania Stavrakeva, and David Yang.
ASSESSMENT OF EDGE-BASED FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR GEOPHYSICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBLEMS : EFFICIENCY , ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY

In Finite Element Methods for solving electromagnetic field problems, the use of Edge Elements has become very popular. In fact, Edge Elements are often said to be a cure to many difficulties that are encountered (particularly eliminating spurious solutions) and are claimed to yield accurate results [9, 16, 17]. We will shortly describe the mathematical formulation of linear edge elements and we go through the particular issues related to the implementation of these elements in order to solve geophysical electromagnetic problems. In particular, we describe a simple, flexible and parallel Fortran 90 implementation for Edge Elements. The code is based on an abstract data structure, which allows to use different kinds of solvers with little effort. The result is an implementation that allows users to specify Edge-based Finite Element variational forms of H(curl). Finally, we also show the performance of the code in terms of efficiency, accuracy and reliability, which will shape our future line of work in order to solve more complex problems.
What is a Logic ? Till Mossakowski

TODO: Joseph: Our cardinality spectra generalize traditional cardinality properties from functions of signature cardinality, to functors of signature isomorphism type. TODO: Replace diagram by equations? Vertical spaces as small as possible; combine paragraphs when possible; reduce model theory details; be cruel with references, use smaller font, less space between refs; better explanations of key material for main point. TODO: Razvan: mention new results for classical logics obtained by institution theory: Craig interpolation of some fragments of classical logic (see Studia Logica paper).
Jupiter and Saturn : Two Classes of Planetary Magnetic Field

Saturn has a nearly axisymmetric field, a morphology that is believed to be the result of a stably stratified layer surrounding the dynamo source region in which non-axisymmetric components of the field are attenuated [11]. Here we demonstrate an important theoretical consequence of such a layer, namely that the secular variation of the axisymmetric field must be extremely slow. Observational evidence suggests that this may be the case for Saturn, a finding which is supported by numerical dynamo simulations. Jupiter on the other hand has a field with significant nonaxisymmetric structure and is thus not subject to constraints on its secular variation. We propose the two planets represent two different classes of planetary magnetic field: the first has nearly axisymmetric fields with very slow secular variation; the second has nonaxisymmetric fields with more rapid secular variation.
Varietal Differences in Antimicrobial Activities of Walnut ( Juglans regia L . ) Leaf Extracts

In this study, antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts of five cultivars of walnut (Juglans regia L.) on eleven bacteria and nine fungi species were determined using agar well diffusion method. Five bacterial species (Pseudomonas gingeri, P. syringae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Yersinia enterocolitica) were generally found sensitive to the walnut extracts. However, antibacterial effects of the aqueous extracts were weaker than the ethanolic ones. The most sensitive bacterium to all of the treatments was determined to be S. aureus. The walnut leaf extracts have generally showed significant antifungal effect on three species (Candida albicans, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum) with both ethanolic and water extracts. The most sensitive fungus species to all of the treatments was seen to be Candida albicans and the most resistant fungi was Aspergillus niger. Among the walnut cultivars, generally, Şebin cultivar extract was seen to have higher antimicrobial effects than the others. MIC values of juglone and the extract for S. aureus bacterium were 0.006 and 0.05 mg/ml, and for C. albicans fungus were 0.003 and 0.025 mg/ml, respectively.
Development of Mobile Applications based on the Tools & Materials Approach

The Tools & Materials approach is a methodology for object-oriented, evolutionary system development. Its roots lie mainly in the design and development of workplace applications for experienced users. They are given software tools to work on software materials, e.g. an account tool to transfer money between accounts. This paper describes how this approach can be used to develop mobile applications. These are in many respects different to stationary applications, so the approach is adapted to fit the new needs. New guiding metaphors are introduced and existing design metaphors are checked for compatibility with mobile applications. Two example projects are presented, where this approach was successfully used.
A Survey of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Identification Using Psychophysiological Data

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological disorders among children, that affects different areas in the brain that allows executing certain functionalities. This may lead to a variety of impairments such as difficulties in paying attention or focusing, controlling impulsive behaviors and overreacting. The continuous symptoms may have a severe impact in the long-term. This paper discusses the existing literature on the identification of ADHD using eye movement data and fMRI together including different deep learning techniques, existing models and a thorough analysis of the existing literature. We have identified the current challenges and possible future directions to provide computational support for early identification of ADHD patients that enable early treatments.
Mediating Role of Brand Trust Cookies Product of SMEs In Pasaman West

The purpose of this study was to analyze (1) the effect of perceived quality on brand trust, (2) the effect of customer value on brand trust, (3) the effect of perceived quality on brand commitment, (4) the effect of customer value on brand commitment, and (5) the effect of brand trust on brand commitment. The population of this study was all cookies consumers of small medium enterprises (SMEs) in Pasaman West Sumatera. Therefore, the unknown amount of population, so the sample size is 76 units. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collected in the form of primary data by using questionnaires. Before being used, the questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used path analysis. The results of data analysis show that (1) perceived quality has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, (2) customer value has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, (3) perceived quality has a positive and significant effect on brand commitment, (4) customer value does not significant effect on brand commitment, and (5) brand trust has a positive and significant effect on brand commitment.
gDefrag : A graph-based tool to help defragmenting landscapes divided by linear infrastructures

Habitat fragmentation is a major biodiversity threat. Linear infrastructures (e.g. roads) hamper the movement of individuals and cause non-natural mortality. Roadkill hotspots have been used to define priority areas for road effect mitigation, but data availability and reliability is an issue, particularly on wide spatial scales. Additionally, mitigating the whole infrastructure network is unfeasible. Expedite methods are required to address such challenges. We present the gDefrag package, a graph-based approach that builds on habitat value and accessibility after simplifying the landscape as a graph. Its advantages include not requiring roadkill or movement data, and providing effective methods to deliver reliable information, allowing landscape managers to address landscape fragmentation overall. gDefrag prioritizes roads which should be targeted first to defragment the landscape. The software includes a user-friendly manual and currently implements four prioritization criteria: habitat quality, maximum number of inter-habitat paths, overall landscape connectivity, and simultaneously larger and higher-quality habitats.
Actuator Control Design for Safety-Critical Applications

Designers of safety-critical actuator control applications face rigorous requirements and standards to assess safety requirements, develop system architectures, and design component hardware and software. This paper demonstrates integrated techniques of safety-critical development with examples from various actuator applications. Strategies for safety analysis, engineering design and application of lifecycle guidelines are discussed. Methods of developing actuator controls with robust fault tolerance and testability are highlighted. The secrets of effective safety-critical development are revealed. I. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF SAFETYCRITICAL SYSTEMS Imagine sitting comfortably on an airplane, enjoying a new issue of your favorite magazine. All of a sudden, as you fly over the Equator, the plane does a fast 180-degree roll, and you find yourself in an inverted flight. The pilot announces over the loudspeaker “Hmmm. that doesn’t seem right. Are there any systems engineers onboard? ” This scenario may seem far-fetched, but it’s not. The software development for the F-16 fighter plane experienced this exact failure mode. Fortunately, it occurred during simulation flight testing and was resolved in the fielded design. If this failure occurred in real-life, it would have resulted in the loss of aircraft and pilot. Was this a weird anomaly? Perhaps. But consider other problems discovered during the comprehensive simulation testing of the F-16 [1,2]: • When the computer was commanded to raise the landing gear while the aircraft was standing still on the runway, the computer complied and “turfed” the aircraft. • The aircraft system also complied with commands to jettison missiles, bombs, fuel tanks, etc. while the plane was upside-down, resulting in them falling on and damaging the wings. • When the F-16 went into a spin, the software did not give the pilot enough control authority to recover. The pilot had to eject. The F-16 problems are not unique. The A320 Airbus has been involved in at least four fatal accidents to date. These are at least in part attributed to software failures. Failures like this put lives and property at risk. We can’t let them happen – period. Safety-related systems are those in which a failure during operation can have serious or irreversible effects – such as loss of life or limb, severe property damage or large financial losses. Safety-critical systems are safety-related systems that present a direct threat to human life. They can include aircraft control systems, automotive x-by-wire systems, medical instrumentation, railway signaling, nuclear reactor control systems and many other applications. Safety-critical systems include all of the components that work together to achieve the safety-critical mission. These may include input sensors, digital data devices, hardware, peripherals, drivers, actuators, the controlling software, and other interfaces. Their development requires rigorous analysis and comprehensive design and test. For example, consider the brake-by-wire system of Figure 1.
BERT + + : Reading Comprehension on SQuAD

Question answering (QA) is a challenging task since the system need to have a wide range of skills from commonsense reasoning to coreference resolution. The paper is focused on the task of SQuAD2.0, which requires determining whether a question is answerable and extracting the correct answer from the given passage. For this paper I proposed an innovative architecture to model answerability of a question based on BERT inspired by the read and verify system described in paper from Hu et al. [2018]. The ensemble of four models achieved 75.300 EM and 77.696 F1 on test set and a competitive rank in the course leaderboard.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Multiple Function Protein ICP 27 *

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected-cell protein 27 (ICP27) is an essential, highly conserved protein involved in various steps of HSV-1 gene regulation as well as in the shut-off of host gene expression during infection. It functions primarily at the post-transcriptional level in inhibiting precursor mRNA splicing and in promoting nuclear export of viral transcripts. Recently, many novel functions performed by the HSV-1 ICP27 protein were shown, including leptomycin B resistance, inhibition of the typeIinterferon signaling, regulation of the viral mRNA translation and determining the composition of HSV-1 virions.
Measuring and identifying background noises in offices during work hours

In offices and working places, noise analysis aims at enhancing the acoustic comfort, the concentration and the oral communication quality. According to the current regulations, background noise is evaluated in unoccupied conditions, but it is interesting to know its dynamic behaviour in occupied state. The knowledge of the noise components may be useful for improving the estimation of comfort parameters, such as the distraction distance (ISO 3382-3) or Speech Transmission Index (IEC 60268-16). The present study suggests a method to extract background noises values with statistical techniques from recordings made during work hours with sound level meters. Statistical techniques were used for the analysis of short-time sound pressure levels obtained over long-term recordings: Gaussian Mixture and Percentile Levels. Noise sources are identified from octave bands analyses. Measurements done using Gaussian Mixture were compared with the ones done with Percentile Levels. Results show some differences between the two techniques.
The Effects of SES Stereotypes on Hurricane Decision Making

Despite the severe and often costly consequences associated with severe weather instances, there is a continuing problem with noncompliance to weather warnings. This issue is pervasive, and research has shown a number of factors that are related to weather response (Joslyn & LeClerc, 2013). Further, individuals of a low socioeconomic status (SES) are often disproportionately impacted by severe weather instances, such as hurricanes (Elliot & Pais, 2006). Past research has shown that individuals of a low education level do not understand some aspects (e.g., numerical uncertainty) of a weather warning, suggesting that weather warnings may not be accessible for all people (Grounds & Joslyn, 2018). Further, research into stereotypes has suggested that when individuals are exposed to stereotypes about their groups at either an explicit or implicit level, this may cause deficits in task performance (Steele & Aronson, 1995; Shih, Pittinsky, & Ambady, 1999). Due to the long-held stereotype about individuals of a low SES as financially irresponsible and the constant reference to the “cost” of a hurricane, the present research examined the extent to which SES and SES-based stereotypes influenced weather-related decision making. One-hundred twenty-seven members of the Bulloch County, Georgia and Tift County, Georgia communities participated in this study, and valid data were collected from fifty-six of these participants. Participants were randomly assigned to view the study as a financial decision-making task (task framing condition) or a weather-related decision-making task (control) and were randomly assigned to complete the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status (an implicit stereotype measure) at the beginning (identity saliency condition) or the end (control). Participants then completed measures of weather warning comprehension, self-efficacy, preparedness, and stereotype awareness. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were conducted for each measure. Results revealed that SES was a significant predictor for self-efficacy and preparedness, such that low SES was predictive of lower selfefficacy and hurricane preparation. This was consistent with my hypothesis. Further, the analyses revealed that task framing, and identity saliency were not predictive of low weather-related decision making. However, it is possible that the stereotype threat manipulation may have not been effective. Future research should consider utilizing the Multi-Threat Framework of stereotype threat to assess stereotype threat in the context of weather-related decision-making. INDEX WORDS: Weather decision making, Socioeconomic status, Stereotype threat, Identity saliency THE EFFECT OF SES STEREOTYPES ON HURRICANE DECISION MAKING
A review paper on: Heart disease data set analysis using data mining classification techniques

Health care industry is one of the fastest growing industries in 21st century. This is the era of increasing health problems and chronic diseases. The major chronic diseases faced world over are cardio vascular diseases such as stroke and heart attacks. Heart disease is one of the common causes of death worldwide. According to WHO as many as, 17.9 Million people die of Cardio Vascular Diseases each year, 31% of all the deaths worldwide. Diagnosis of the disease is one of the most important task of medical science. Medical professionals need a decision support system for early prediction of heart diseases with good accuracy rate which can be achieved with the help of data mining techniques. The healthcare industry produces large amount of data each day. Data mining helps in extracting hidden information and patterns from a large and complex database which is helpful in making decisions. The main objective of this research is to develop a heart disease prediction system by using data mining techniques with a good accuracy rate. Here we have a pre processed data set consisting of 303 records and 14 predictors such as Gender, blood pressure, chest pain type etc. as input for BPN and Decision Tree. In this research we will compare two data mining algorithms: Decision tree and Back propagation network Algorithm and predict the presence or absence of heart disease in a patient. The algorithm with highest accuracy rate will be considered good for heart disease prediction in hospitals.