Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Control of Carpel Development in the Grass Family

Carpel is the ovule-bearing female reproductive organ of flowering plants and is required to ensure its protection, an efficient fertilization, and the development of diversified types of fruits, thereby it is a vital element of most food crops. The origin and morphological changes of the carpel are key to the evolution and adaption of angiosperms. Progresses have been made in elucidating the developmental mechanisms of carpel establishment in the model eudicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana, while little and fragmentary information is known in grasses, a family that includes many important crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying potential pathways of carpel development in grasses, including carpel identity determination, morphogenesis, and floral meristem determinacy. The known role of transcription factors, hormones, and miRNAs during grass carpel formation is summarized and compared with the extensively studied eudicot model plant Arabidopsis. The genetic and molecular aspects of carpel development that are conserved or diverged between grasses and eudicots are therefore discussed.
Liquid Water: Atom Pair Correlation Functions from Neutron and X‐Ray Diffraction

Neutron diffraction data for heavy water at 25°C, together with results derived from x‐ray scattering, show that the orientational correlation between pairs of molecules is of a much shorter range (<5A) than the positional correlation between molecular centers (<8 A). The neutron diffraction pattern is completely described by a model which assumes preferred average orientation between neighboring molecules and no orientational correlation between second and higher neighbors. The structure of an average D2O molecule in the liquid is not significantly different from that of an isolated molecule in the dilute gas. Atom pair correlation functions derived from the data and the model are in good qualitative agreement with results derived from molecular dynamics studies.
Improving Quantum Annealing Performance on Embedded Problems

Recently, many researchers have been investigating quantum annealing as a solver for realworld combinatorial optimization problems. However, due to the format of problems that quantum annealing solves and the structure of the physical annealer, these problems often require additional setup prior to solving. We study how these setup steps affect performance and provide insight into the interplay among them using the job-shop scheduling problem for our evaluation. We show that the empirical probability of success is highly sensitive to problem setup, and that excess variables and large embeddings reduce performance. We then show that certain problem instances are unable to be solved without the use of additional post-processing methods. Finally, we investigate the effect of pausing during the anneal. Our results show that pausing within a certain time window can improve the probability of success, which is consistent with other work. However, we also show that the performance improvement due to pausing can be masked depending on properties of the embedding, and thus, special care must be taken for embedded problems.
Characterization of the Grinding Behavior of Binary Mixtures of Clinker and Colemanite

The purpose of this study is to determine the grindability and kinetic behavior of clinker and colemanite in cement production when they are ground separately and together. Bond and Hardgrove grindability methods were employed to determine grindability properties clinker and colemanite by varying proportions. Bond work index (BWI) values of clinker and colemanite are 18.89 kWh/t and 12.33 kWh/t, respectively. BWI value of mixture decreases by added colemanite and the experimental BWI values of mixtures were lower than those of calculated, considering their proportions. Hardgrove grindability index (HGI) values of clinker and colemanite are 51.81 and 99.62, and Blaine fineness values are 920 cm2/g and 2430 cm2/g, respectively. As colemanite addition increases HGI and Blaine fineness values also increase. Experimental Blaine fineness values are greater than calculated values meaning that during intergrinding different ingredients do not show the same behavior as in the case of separate grinding. These findings explain that clinker particles have an abrasion effect thus an extra grinding effect on colemanite particles. The specific rates of breakage were determined through kinetic experiments to understand the grinding mechanisms of colemanite, clinker and their mixtures. The model parameters of Si, aT, and α were established in kinetic experiments.
Ab initio theory and rotational spectra of linear carbon chains SiCnS

On the basis of extensive coupled cluster calculations, the rotational spectra of the linear silicon- and sulfur-containing carbon chains SiC2nS (n=1–3) in their singlet electronic ground state and SiC3S in its triplet electronic ground state have been detected and characterized by means of molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined to high accuracy as well as the spin-spin coupling constant for triplet SiC3S. In addition, the 29Si, 34S, and both 13C isotopic species of SiC2S have been detected, allowing the determination of both an effective r0 structure, as well as a mixed experimental–theoretical structure resulting from the combination of the measured rotational constants with the vibration–rotation coupling constants calculated ab initio. Several rotational satellite lines have also been observed for SiC2S and, on the basis of their predicted vibration–rotation and l-type doubling constants, were assigned to the two hi.
Audit of oxygen administration to achieve a target oxygen saturation range in acutely unwell medical patients

Purpose of the study To evaluate documentation of a target oxygen saturation (SpO2) range and ability to achieve this range in acutely unwell inpatients. Study design In this single-centre audit, patients with discharge diagnoses of pneumonia, heart failure and exacerbation of asthma or COPD admitted to Wellington Regional Hospital, New Zealand between 1 June 2019 and 31 August 2019 who received oxygen were identified. In those with a documented target SpO2 range, the proportion of SpO2 measurements in the observation chart which were within, above and below range were determined as well as the maximum and minimum SpO2. Regression analysis was performed to determine whether these outcomes were influenced by the prescribed range, high-dependency care or the number of adjustments to oxygen administration. Results 268 admissions were screened. Of the 100 eligible admissions who received oxygen, a target SpO2 range was documented in 62. The mean (SD) proportion of SpO2 measurements within range was 56.2 (30.6)%. A hypercapnic target SpO2 range was associated with a higher probability of an SpO2 above range; multivariate OR 5.34 (95% CI 1.65 to 17.3, p=0.006) and a lower probability of an SpO2 below range; multivariate OR 0.25 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.80) p=0.02. The mean (SD) maximum SpO2 was similar in those with a target range of 92%–96% versus a hypercapnic range; 96.2 (3.0)% and 95.2 (3.4)%, respectively. Conclusions Oxygen prescription and delivery in this clinical setting was suboptimal. SpO2 values above the designated range are common, particularly in patients with a hypercapnic target range.
Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair with and without suture augmentation: technical note

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are routinely treated with an ACL reconstruction. This is based on historical literature reporting high failure rates after ACL repairs in addition to the limited healing potential of the ACL. Recently, improved understanding of pathophysiology of ligamentous healing has led to increasing interest in treating proximal avulsions with excellent tissue quality in the acute setting, as this technique allows for ACL healing. Potential advantages of ACL repair include preservation of native proprioceptive and kinematics of the knee, avoidance of graft harvesting morbidity and the possibility to perform a primary ACL reconstruction in case of failure. As a consequence, several techniques for ACL repair have been proposed that can be performed in isolation or with suture augmentation. The primary aim of this technical note is to describe step-by-step the ACL repair technique with and without suture augmentation. The secondary aim of the current study is to review the indications, patient selection and advantages of the technique.
Soil electrical conductivity: effects of soil properties and application to soil salinity appraisal.

Abstract A model is discussed which relates bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) to volumetric water content (θW), electrical conductivity of the soil water (ECW), volumetric content of the solid phase (θS) and average electrical conductivity of the soil particles (ECS). Within the model a distinction is made between the water and dissolved salt present in the “immobile”; (fine pores) and “mobile”; (large pores) phases. The effects of bulk density, particle density and clay content upon ECa are discussed in relation to their influence upon θW, θS, ECS and the proportions of fine and large pores. The practical application of the model to interpret soil salinity requires the estimation of several soil properties in the field and the use of some empirical relations to estimate values of parameters required by the model. These relations and estimates are discussed in terms of their effects on the accuracy of soil salinity appraisal. A brief discussion is given concerning the parameter estimation procedures.
Assessment of the antimicrobial effect of fluoride varnish containing nanosilver and conventional fluoride varnish on oral streptococci: an in-vitro study

Background/aim Oral streptococci are commonly found in the human oral cavity and are considered the foremost cariogenic pathogens in tooth decay. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial effect of fluoride varnish containing nanosilver particles with different concentrations and conventional fluoride varnish on oral streptococci. Materials and methods Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 13419) were grown in nutrient agar medium with 5% blood agar in the bacteriological laboratory. Then both strains were further cultured on Mueller–Hinton agar media separately; three different concentrations of nanosilver fluoride (Nsf) varnish (432, 216, and 108 µg/ml) were prepared and applied on the Mueller–Hinton plates. Conventional fluoride varnish was included as the control sample. The plates were further incubated anaerobically for 24 h at 37°C in the incubator. The antimicrobial effect of different varnishes was assessed by measuring the diameter of inhabitation zones in millimeters by a ruler. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance test, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results The Nsf varnish showed antimicrobial effect against S. mutans, where the mean value of inhibition zone size (mm) was increased by increasing the concentration of Nsf. For S. salivarius, the mean value of inhibition zone (mm) was gradually decreased by increasing concentration of Nsf. Conventional fluoride varnish showed no inhibition zones in both bacterial strains. Conclusion Nsf varnish had better antibacterial effect than conventional fluoride varnish against both S. mutans and S. salivarius.
Extensive Study Of Iot In Healthcare Based On Machine Learning And Cloud

-IoT is one of the recent attractions in the world of healthcare. The modern healthcare system and IoT has brought benefits to both physicians and patients, since they can be applied to various medical areas such as real-time monitoring, patient information management, and healthcare management. There are also systems that uses machine learning and cloud computing technologies for better data processing and storage that has been mentioned in the paper. However with the progress of IoT in healthcare, one of the main concerns is security and privacy as the data generated from the E-health systems can be accessed by a variety of users. So in this paper, the threats faced by the healthcare system has been mentioned along with a proposed architecture that uses the concept of Intrusion detection system.
Synthesis of highly stable dispersions of nanosized copper particles using L-ascorbic acid

Highly stable dispersions of nanosized copper particles with an average particle size less than 2 nm were synthesized using a straightforward, cost-effective, and green method. Nontoxic L-ascorbic acid was utilized as both a reducing agent and capping agent precursor in aqueous medium. The copper particles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy The mechanism of L-ascorbic acid on the reduction and stabilization of copper nanoparticles is also discussed.
Forensic Analysis of LINE Messenger on Android

Instant messaging has changed the way people communicate with each other. It is used by a wide range of age groups and backgrounds. Instant Messaging applications like LINE, Whatsapp, and WeChat which facilitate users to send and receive chat messages, video, audio and images via various end devices in real time. Its extensive use in everyday life provides unique opportunities but means that it can also be used to commit crime such as cyber stalking, cyber bullying or by becoming a medium for criminals’ communication. In order to identify crimes, it is essentially required to retrieve these traces and evidences by using appropriate forensic technique. This paper studies the artifacts left by LINE application with Android and presents evidence gathering of Line messenger application. It proves beneficial for forensic analysts and practitioners as it assists them in course of mapping and locating digital evidences of Line messenger on Android.
Factors affecting the development of sprays produced by multihole injectors for direct-injection engine applications

The spray form development from a state of the art multi-hole injector for gasoline direct injection internal combustion engines is examined to attempt to determine the thermo-fluid dynamics affecting the spray development. The current state of knowledge regarding spray break-up and the interactivity of the factors on spray form are detailed. The spray under investigation was injected into purposely designed quiescent chambers to decouple the effects of the fluid mechanics on spray development from any in-engine effects. The pressure chambers, experimental apparatus and techniques used to characterise and measure the spray properties are described along with an assessment of any sources of variability in the measurement and analysis methodologies and hardware. Initial spray images of the spray produced by a range of multi-component “retail” fuels as well as single component non-oxygenated and oxygenated hydrocarbons with a range of boiling ranges and points for different injector body (and hence assumed fuel) temperatures and chamber gas pressures are presented. The experimental measurements show the strong interaction between the operational conditions in relation to the fuel properties and the physical spray form. A large amount of deviation from the nominal “ambient” spray form is observed for conditions where the fuel’s bubble point (boiling temperature at given gas pressure) is exceeded by a multiple of 10, termed spray collapse. The dependence of a multi-component fuel on the boiling characteristics of its highest volatility components suggest that it is these components which drive the fuel spray development formation, which is further illustrated by comparing different single component fluids. This suggests that higher volatility fluids are better representatives of full range, multi-component fuels for modelling or other investigative work when a single component fuel is required to be used. The onset of spray collapse was found to be gradual with no sudden “threshold” condition at which collapse occurred, also illustrated by a gradual reduction in measured spray droplet size with increasing injector body temperature and/or reducing gas pressure. The physical factors affecting spray development and break-up, and their effects are examined including the fluid flow inside a real size transparent, optically accessed nozzle, illustrating the effect of cavitation supplying nucleation sites for the subsequent vaporisation of the fuel. The scales of local air turbulence are found to affect the local vapour concentration, and hence vaporisation rate, and hence the interaction of these factors is shown to determine the spray formation.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE NANOPARTICLES

The oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs improved using Nanoparticles. The present research work is an attempt to develop and evaluate the Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Nanoparticles in order to improve it, s solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug. Nanoparticles were prepared by Polaxomer 188, Tween 80 and Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidine as stabilizers by Nanoprecpitation technique. The prepared Nanoparticles evaluated for Particle Size, Zeta potential, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Drug Content, Drug Entrapment Efficiency and In- Vitro Drug Release. The effect of different types of stabilizers and different types of polymers were studied to see their effect on morphological, physical and dissolution properties of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride was studied. The average particle size of Piogllitazone Hydrochloride was found to be in the range of 100-500nm. Differentail Scanning Calorimetry studies showed the crystallinity of precipitated Nanoparticles was decreased than the pure drug. Data of in-vitro drug release shown that the prepared Nanoparticles showed enhanced dissolution which may result in enhanced solubility. Among all the formulations the formulation prepared with Polaxomer 188 in 1% concentration as stabilizer and Eudragit L 100 as polymer in Acetone gave good results than others.
REDUCING NUTRIENT LOSSES THROUGH IMPROVING IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY

A desk-top study using data from twelve representative dairy farms located in Canterbury with well-established computer models showed that changing irrigation practices to make more efficient use of both irrigation water and summer-time rainfall reduced N-loss to water by between 4% and 58% (average of 27%). These reductions in N-loss to water were achieved without significantly reducing modelled average annual pasture production. To achieve this degree of N-loss reduction, changes were made to the irrigation rule used to determine when to irrigate and how much water to apply so that the soil is allowed to dry out more in the shoulders of the irrigation season and reduce the risk of rainfall-induced drainage throughout the season. To apply the new rule it is essential that:  Soil water content is routinely measured using reputable soil moisture monitoring equipment.  The irrigation application system can be adjusted to apply relatively small amounts of water.  The irrigation application system has a relatively short return period.  The irrigation water supply is very reliable.
Community Matters more than Anonymity: Analysis of User Interactions on the Quora Q&A Platform

Question-and-answer (Q&A) websites are one of the latest evolutions in crowdsourced knowledge aggregation. Q&A websites provide more diverse opinions, as they involve the entire community. Quora made its reputation out of enhancing the traditional Q&A model with popular aspects of social media and incites its users to provide their names, locations, and references. This model allows higher quality control � including anonymous content, but more importantly, it leads users to form communities based on other criteria (e.g. profession, city) than similar interests. In this paper, we study the interactions among Quorans to unveil how such communities emerge. We perform both quantitative and qualitative analysis on the user-generated content and relate this content to social and demographic features. We show that being anonymous significantly affects the answers' length and subjectivity. On the other hand, most of the user interactions relate to their geographic locations.
Optical Spectroscopy in Reactive Sputter Etching and Its Application to Process Control

Optical emission spectra in the reactive sputter etching (RSE) of Si, SiO2 and Si3N4 have been investigated using a spectrometer with a collimating system. Emission lines of Si, F, CN and N2 reflecting the reaction products in the RSE of Si3N4 were observed. From the dependence of these lines on the etching conditions, the active species in RSE was found to be not F radicals, but CFx ions. The applicability of these lines for use as the end point monitor was also investigated. In addition, the plasma gas temperature was determined by rotational analysis of plasma etching and RSE in C2F6 gas mixed with O2 or C2H4 gas.
Reactions of methylamines at the Si(100)-2×1 surface

We have investigated the room temperature adsorption of methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine using density functional theory (DFT) and multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy. It was found that the reaction pathways of the amines resemble the precursor-mediated dissociative chemisorption of ammonia. Our calculations showed that although dissociation involving N–C bond cleavage is thermodynamically more favorable than the N–H dissociation pathway, the activation barrier for N–CH3 dissociation is significantly higher than that for N–H dissociation. This leads to selective cleavage of N–H bonds in the surface reactions of methylamine and dimethylamine, while trapping trimethylamine in its molecularly chemisorbed state through the formation of a Si–N dative bond. We also identified the products of the reactions of the amines on the Si(100)-2×1 surface by surface IR studies, confirming the theoretical predictions. The selectivity observed in the surface chemistr.
Predicting scalar inferences from “or” to “not both” using neural sentence encoders

Neural networks have recently successfully learned to predict some pragmatic inferences (e.g., Jeretic et al. (2020); Jiang and de Marneffe (2019)). For instance, Schuster et al. (2020) trained a neural network to predict human ratings of scalar inference strength from “some” to the negation of a stronger alternative with “all”. However, it remains an open question to what extent these results are specific to the inference from “some” to “not all” or whether they generalize to other types of scalar inferences. We thus explore to what extent a neural network can learn to predict a different widely studied scalar inference: that from “or” to the negation of a stronger alternative with “and”, as in (1).
ON CERTAIN CHROMATIC TOPOLOGICAL INDICES OF SOME MYCIELSKI GRAPHS

As a coloring analogue of different Zagreb indices, in the recent literature, the notion of chromatic Zagreb indices has been introduced and studied for some basic graph classes in trees. In this paper, we study the chromatic Zagreb indices and chromatic irregularity indices of some special classes of graphs called Mycielski graphs of paths and cycles.