Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic concatemerization/deletion in rotaviruses: a new mechanism for generating rapid genetic change of potential epidemiological importance

Three variants of group A rotavirus with large changes in their gene 5 structures have been analyzed at the molecular level. The first of these, P9 delta 5, was obtained during plaque purification undertaken as part of the biological cloning of a field isolate of virus. The gene 5 homolog in this isolate migrated just ahead of the normal segment 6 RNA, giving an estimated size of 1,300 bp. Molecular cloning and sequencing of this homolog revealed it to have a single 308-bp deletion in the center of the normal gene 5 sequence extending between nucleotides 460 and 768 of the normal gene sequence. This deletion caused a frameshift in the gene such that a stop codon was encountered 8 amino acids downstream of the deletion point, giving a predicted size for the protein product of this gene of 150 amino acids compared with the 490 amino acids of its normal-size counterpart. Attempts to detect this shortened protein in virus-infected cells were not successful, indicating that it was much less stable than the full-length protein and/or had suffered a large change in its antigenicity. The second two variants, brvA and brvE, were generated in an earlier study following the high-multiplicity passage of the UKtc strain of bovine rotavirus. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of these nondefective variants showed that brvA had a gene 5 homolog approximately equal in size to the normal RNA segment 2 (approximately 2,700 bp) and that brvE had a size of approximately 2,300 bp. Both variants showed changes in their gene 5 protein products, with brvA mimicking P9 delta 5 in failing to produce a detectable product whereas brvE produced a new virus-specific protein approximately 80 kDa in size. Full-length cDNA clones of the brvE gene 5 homolog were isolated, and analysis of their structure revealed a head-to-tail concatemerization of the normal gene 5 sequence with the first copy of the concatemer covering nucleotides 1 to 808 and the second covering nucleotides 92 to 1579, giving a total length of 2,296 bp. Sequencing across the junction region of the two copies of the gene showed that they were joined in frame to give a predicted combined open reading frame of 728 amino acids with the amino-terminal region consisting of amino acids 1 to 258 fused at the carboxy terminus to amino acids 21 to 490. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Shaping Organizational Culture by Using Work Songs as a Ritual: A Case Study of the Zonson Sports Corporation in China

Workplace rituals are influential learning instruments for core values that support organizational culture. However, only limited empirical studies examine how these rituals process to transmit core values in organizational cultures. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the case company uses work songs as a ritual for shaping its organizational culture. The study mainly employed the ritual theory from Smith and Stewart and explored how the organizational members interpret the ritual by examining the features, functions, and mechanisms of the company songs. This study adopted mixed methods, including both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In-depth interviews and questionnaires are utilized for data collection. Prolonged engagement, observation, document review and triangulation techniques have been applied to support the credibility of the study. This paper found that using company songs as a ritual is an effective approach for communicating core values in the case company. The findings provide implications for organizational managers regarding how to effectively use rituals to reach strategic goals for organizational culture management.
Long‐term survival and predictors of relapse after orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease

The relevance of sobriety for outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still discussed controversially. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 300 patients transplanted for ALD with regard to recurrent alcohol consumption, risk factors for drinking after OLT, and long‐term survival. The 300 patients underwent OLT for ALD between 1989 and 2002. Median follow‐up was 89 months. Incidence and severity of drinking, survival rates, and causes of death were assessed. Age, gender, duration of pretransplant sobriety, social support, presence of children, and the results of psychosomatic evaluation were analyzed for their impact on recurrent alcohol consumption after OLT. Drinking of various degrees was observed in 19% of ALD patients after OLT. Pretransplant sobriety of less than 6 months, absence of companion in life, presence of young children, and a predicted poor psychosomatic prognosis were associated with an increased risk of recurrent alcohol consumption, whereas age and gender were not independent risk factors. Survival rates of patients who resumed abusive drinking were significantly lower than survival rates of abstinent patients or patients with minor lapses. Recurrent alcoholic liver disease accounted for the vast majority of deaths among patients who resumed abusive drinking after OLT, whereas malignant tumors, infections, and cardiovascular disease were the most common causes of death among abstinent patients. In conclusion, abusive drinking after OLT is associated with poor long‐term survival. Analysis of risk factors may help to identify patients with a high risk for recurrent alcohol abuse after OLT. Liver Transpl, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Ethical governance : a citizen perspective

Approaching ethics and integrity in public administration and management research from a citizen view / Esa Hyyrylainen The study of administrative ethics: a comparative approach / Ari Salminen, Olli-Pekka Viinamaki Ethical governance from a citizen’s point of view: a care-ethical approach / Tommi Lehtonen Trust and integrity violations in Finnish public administration: the views of citizens / Ari Salminen, Rinna Ikola-Norrbacka Fair society and political participation as parts of good governance: the views of Finnish youth / Kirsi Lahdesmaki Promoting, preventing and watchdogging: reinforcing citizens’ role in the control of corruption / Rinna Ikola-Norrbacka, Ari Salminen, Olli-Pekka Viinamaki Wickedness, governance and collective sanctions: can corruption be tamed? / Amr G. E. Sabet.
Regulation of the proportion of insulin cells in embryonic chick pancreas: Effect of a growth factor-reduced extracellular matrix in combination with retinoic acid

SummaryBoth retinoic acid (RA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 are known to be influential in the development of insulin cells. Respectively, they increase and decrease the proportion of insulin cells when added to cultures of embryonic chick dorsal pancreatic buds. The aim of this study was to define the action of RA in the presence of decreased levels of TGF-β1, as are found in growth factor-reduced Matrigel (GFRM), on the proportion of insulin cells. The endodermal component of 5-d chick dorsal pancreatic buds was explanted on the GFRM. Retinoic acid (10−6M) was added to Ham's F12 culture medium containing insulin (5 μg/ml), transferrin (5 μg/ml), and selenium (10−10M) (F12.ITS). Control explants were cultured in F12.ITS alone or in F12.ITS containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). After 7 d in culture, insulin and glucagon cells were localized immunocytochemically; changes in numbers of insulin cells were expressed as a percentage of insulin plus glucagon cells. Medium containing RA or DMSO increased the proportion of insulin cells significantly compareo with the proportion in the explants cultured in F12.ITS medium alone
Pathological reporting of colorectal cancer specimens: a retrospective survey in an academic Canadian pathology department.

OBJECTIVE To survey and improve the pathological reporting of colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens in a tertiary care pathology department. METHODS We identified CRC specimens reported in a 6-month period before and after educational sessions and the introduction of a standardized CRC synoptic reporting protocol. Gross and microscopic descriptions were analyzed according to published guidelines for important staging and prognostic features. We then reexamined these parameters for a further 6-month period 15 months later to ensure that the quality of reporting had been maintained. RESULTS In total, 108 and 166 cases were analyzed before and after standardization, respectively. Many features were reported appropriately, including tumour size, type and grade, depth of invasion, nodal status and proximal and distal margin status. Several underreported features showed significant improvement after standardization, including serosal involvement (reporting increased from 22% to 84%), distance to radial margin (from 14% to 64%), extramural venous invasion (from 18% to 88%), host response (from 19% to 94%) and mean number of nodes retrieved (mean numbers retrieved increased from 11 to 16). The subsequent review 15 months later showed continued long-term improvement in these areas. CONCLUSION Education and synoptic reporting significantly improved CRC reporting at our centre.
Fluorosomes: a convenient new reagent to detect and block multivalent and complex receptor‐ligand interactions

We describe for the first time fluorescent virus‐like particles decorated with biologically active mono‐ and multisubunit immune receptors of choice and the basic application of such fluorosomes (FSs) to visualize and target immune receptor‐ligand interactions. For that purpose, human embryonic kidney (HEK)‐293 cells were stably transfected with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) matrix protein (MA) GFP fusion constructs. To produce FSs, interleukins (ILs), IL‐receptors (ILRs), and costimulatory molecules were fused to the glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol anchor acceptor sequence of CD16b and coexpressed along with MoMLV group‐specific antigen‐polymerase (gag‐pol) in MA:GFP+ HEK‐293 cells. We show that IL‐2 decorated but not control‐decorated FSs specifically identify normal and malignant IL‐2 receptor‐positive (IL‐2R+) lymphocytes by flow cytometry. In addition to cytokines and costimulatory molecules, FSs were also successfully decorated with the heterotrimeric IL‐2Rs, allowing identification of IL‐2+target cells. Specificity of binding was proven by complete inhibition with nonlabeled, soluble ligands. Moreover, IL‐2R FSs efficiently neutralized soluble IL‐2 and thus induced unresponsiveness of T cells receiving full activation stimuli via T‐cell antigen receptor and CD28. FSs are technically simple, multivalent tools for assessing and blocking mono‐ and multisubunit immune receptor‐ligand interactions with natural constituents in a plasma membrane context. —Kueng, H. J., Manta, C. , Haiderer, D. , Leb, V. M. , Schmetterer, K. G. , Neunkirchner, A. , Byrne, R. A. , Scheinecker, C. , Steinberger, P., Seed, B. , Pickl, W. F. Fluorosomes: a convenient new reagent to detect and block multivalent and complex receptor‐ligand interactions. FASEB J. 24, 1572–1582 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Commodification of Children in Popular Culture: Critical Discourse Analysis of Idola Cilik Singing Contest Program on Local Television in Indonesia

This paper presents an analysis of performance and commodification of children in ”Idola Cilik” singing contest on Indonesian Television program (RCTI) through textual analysis. It is aimed to determine the background of its production and capitalism that turn the use value into exchange value on RCTI’s “Idola Cilik” program through social cognition analysis, and to find out the interpretation of the Chairman of National Commission for Child Protection on “Idola Cilik” singing contest through social context. This study applies qualitative research method of Van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis, including textual, social cognition and social context analysis. The results showed that: (1) From analysis of the text, the performance and the commodification of children in the “Idola Cilik” program are actually the result of television media industry; (2) From analysis of social cognition, RCTI’s “Idola Cilik” program is created due to the lack of special programs for children; (3) Based on the analysis of social context, “Idola Cilik” has generated positive interpretations. Therefore, through this study, the producers of children programs are expected to be more concerned about the compatibility of program contents, and to pay much attention to the psychology of children, by putting the children not merely as some commodity to gain huge profit. As for the parents, they should be more selective on choosing TV programs for their children. Moreover, parents are also advised not to exploit their children by forcing them to be TV stars.
Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites: results from the National Survey of American Life.

CONTEXT Little is known about the relationship between race/ethnicity and depression among US blacks. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence, persistence, treatment, and disability of depression in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites in the National Survey of American Life. DESIGN A slightly modified adaptation of the World Health Organization World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. SETTING National household probability samples of noninstitutionalized African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites in the United States conducted between February 2, 2001, and June 30, 2003. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3570 African Americans, 1621 Caribbean blacks, and 891 non-Hispanic whites aged 18 years and older (N = 6082). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lifetime and 12-month diagnoses of DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD), 12-month mental health services use, and MDD disability as quantified using the Sheehan Disability Scale and the World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule II. RESULTS Lifetime MDD prevalence estimates were highest for whites (17.9%), followed by Caribbean blacks (12.9%) and African Americans (10.4%); however, 12-month MDD estimates across groups were similar. The chronicity of MDD was higher for both black groups (56.5% for African Americans and 56.0% for Caribbean blacks) than for whites (38.6%). Fewer than half of the African Americans (45.0%) and fewer than a quarter (24.3%) of the Caribbean blacks who met the criteria received any form of MDD therapy. In addition, relative to whites, both black groups were more likely to rate their MDD as severe or very severe and more disabling. CONCLUSIONS When MDD affects African Americans and Caribbean blacks, it is usually untreated and is more severe and disabling compared with that in non-Hispanic whites. The burden of mental disorders, especially depressive disorders, may be higher among US blacks than in US whites.
Fabrication of broadband MEMS antennas and application to target detection

This work details the fabrication processes for a broadband antenna on a MEMS steerable platform. The platform is capable of rotation around two independent axes through the use of four silicon torsion hinges similar to that reported in [1]-[2]. The device is fabricated using traditional bulk micromachining techniques. Silicon is used as the substrate material due to its well understood processing characteristics. The antenna is modified from the Fourpoint antenna [3] and operates between 10–16 GHz. The device is characterized using an HP 8510C Vector Network Analyzer and is used for target detection in a custom built anechoic chamber. An artificial neural network post processing algorithm is implemented on the measured data for the detection of metal, glass and wood spheres with a diameter of 3/8″.
PENGARUH DER, ROA DAN ROE TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGE

ABSTRACT This research is meant to find out the influence of financial which consist of debt to equity ratio, return on asset and return on equity to the stock price of Food and Beverages Companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The samples are 5 Food and Beverages companies during the observation period in 2013-2015. The secondary data source of this research has been obtained from STIESIA Surabaya Investment gallery IDX. The data analysis technique has been carried out by using multiple regressions analysis.The result of model feasibility which has been carried out by using F test shows that simultaneously debt to equity ratio, return on asset and return on equity has significant influence to the stock price, so that it can be concluded that the model is feasible to be applied. Meanwhile, the determination coefficient (R2) shows that debt to equity ratio, return on assets and return on equity has given large contribution to stock price, so that it can be concluded that the model is feasible to be applied. The result of the hypothesis test has been carried out by using partial test (t test) shows that debt to equity ratio, return on asset and return on equity has significant influence to the stock price. Keywords: Debt to equity, return on asset, return on equity and stock price
The future of tobacco product regulation and labelling in Europe: implications for the forthcoming European Union directive

The European Commission has announced that it is considering legislation concerning further restrictions on cigarette tar and nicotine yields, as well as new provisions to regulate additives and the labelling of tobacco products. This report considers these issues and their relation to public health. In particular, we argue that further reductions in tar and nicotine yields as measured by the International Standards Organisation/Federal Trade Commission (ISO/FTC) method will be largely cosmetic and certainly misleading to consumers. If a new directive uses the ISO/FTC methodology as a basis for regulation, it risks lending further official support to the concept of "low tar" cigarettes, which may be used by smokers as an alternative to smoking cessation. Although new regulations based on the ISO/FTC methodology may appear to offer health gains, these will be illusory and there may even be negative health consequences, as has been the case with these tests up to the present. We therefore make the following recommendations for the way forward.
What makes stakeholder engagement in social licence “meaningful”? Practitioners’ conceptualisations of dialogue

ABSTRACT Social licence to operate (SLO) acknowledges the need for extractive industries to move beyond regulatory requirements into social accountability, which requires engagement between companies and their stakeholders. Engagement efforts point to dialogue as being integral for increasing the inclusivity of, for example, land-use decision-making in rural governance. Since little research explores what constitutes “constructive dialogue”, this research empirically explored how dialogue is conceptualised by expert engagement practitioners in SLO. Practitioners conceptualised constructive dialogue as both a threshold for, and an indicator of, social licence. This finding aligns with academic theorisation of dialogue wherein dialogue represents a collaborative form of engagement core to the development of SLO. Practitioners suggested dialogue is most commonly, and potentially problematically, operationalised as a goal-oriented process, aligning with previous work suggesting a “spectrum of dialogue” from strategic to learning-oriented. Contextual realities, such as time and costs, define where implemented dialogue practice ultimately falls. Analysis of practitioners’ views suggests industry and academia may consider future engagement practice and research in light of the centrality of reciprocal dialogic processes for increasing the inclusivity of SLO processes.
The onset age of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children has become younger. The Finnish Childhood Diabetes Registry Group.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the change in the age distribution at onset of type 1 diabetes in boys and girls aged 1-14 years during a 32-year period (from 1965 to 1996). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finland were obtained from the Central Drug Registry of the Social Insurance Institution for 1965-1986 (6,195 cases) and from the Prospective Childhood Diabetes Registry for 1987-1996 (3,613 cases). The change in age- and sex-specific incidence was estimated by fitting the linear regression with the logarithm of the annual incidence data. Analysis of variance was used to compare the trends between the various age-groups (1-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years) and sexes. RESULTS The incidence of type 1 diabetes increased predominantly in the younger age-groups. In children aged 1-4 years, the increase was 4.2% per year, and the overall 32-year relative increase was 338%. For children aged 5-9 and 10-14 years, the increase was 2.5 and 1.3% per year, respectively, and the overall relative increase was 116 and 49%, respectively. In boys aged 1-9 years, the increase was greatest from 1965 to 1984, whereas in girls aged 1-9 years, the statistically significant increase occurred between 1985 and 1996. In children aged 10-14 years, the only significant increase was seen in boys from 1965 to 1974 (3.7% per year). CONCLUSIONS The greatest increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mainly occurred in children aged < 5 years. The incidence in young boys has been increasing since the mid-1960s, whereas in young girls, the significant increase began later, around the mid-1970s. In children aged 10-14 years, the increase in incidence has leveled off.
Efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a quantitative follow up with magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric analysis.

OBJECT The authors assessed the efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NPAs) by sequential quantitative determinations of tumor volume and neurological and endocrinological follow-up examinations. METHODS Through May of 2000, 45 patients with NPA were treated by GKS. Complete neurological and endocrinological follow-up information was obtained. In 30 patients (67%), follow-up examinations included stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging involving the GammaPlan software for sequential measurements of the NPA volume. These patients constitute the basis of this study. Sequential volume measurements after GKS were compared with initial tumor volumes at the date of GKS to quantify the therapeutic result. All data were stored prospectively in a computerized database. The median dose to the tumor margin was 16 Gy (range 11-20 Gy). The mean prescription isodose was 55% (range 45-75%). All except one patient (97%) underwent surgery for NPA before GKS. Fractionated radiotherapy was not administered. Median follow up after GKS was 55 months (range 28-86 months). The actuarial long-term recurrence-free survival was 93% with respect to a single GKS and 100% if a repeated GKS was included. Neurological side effects were not detected. The actuarial risk of radiosurgery-induced pituitary damage was calculated to be 14% after 6 years. The volumetric analysis revealed a temporary swelling of the NPA in four patients, followed by shrinkage of the lesion. This is the first time this has been observed in pituitary adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative GKS for residual or recurrent small fragments of NPAs is effective and safe. With regard to the issues of radioprotection and therapeutic morbidity, it seems superior to fractionated radiotherapy. Quantification of tumor reduction is a valuable tool for documenting a therapeutic response and for identifying tumor recurrence. As part of a radiosurgical standard protocol, the follow-up examination for NPAs should include tumor volumetric analysis.