Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Chemical Components of Powdered Green Tea Sold in the US

The international market for green tea is growing. Samples of twenty-five powdered green teas were collected from the market in the United States, and their chemical components were compared. Their prices varied widely, from $4.3 to $160 per 100 g. The higher-priced teas were labeled as “matcha” and are used in the traditional Japanese tea ceremony. They showed a higher content of chlorophyll and of free amino acids (theanine and arginine) than the less expensive teas. They also showed a lower content of epigallocatechin as well as a lower conversion percentage of chlorophyll to pheophytin than those of lower prices. Matcha is traditionally produced in Japan and considered one of the country’s most precious teas. In spite of the large differences in chemical composition compared with the highly priced powdered green teas (ceremonial-grade matcha), the cheaper teas are also labeled as “matcha” in the US market. It is, therefore, necessary to come up with an international definition of matcha to resolve the confusion. Discipline: Tea industry Additional key words: chlorophylls, catechins, theanine, matcha
A Short Textbook of Haematology.

This is a short textbook of "haematology" designed to fill the gap between major textbooks and chapters in more comprehensive texts. By and large, the author succeeds in his purpose. Its 384 pages are about 30% the number of Wintrobe's 1,287, and 56% of de Gruchy's 681; but since the latter costs only a few dollars more, is better illustrated and written somewhat more felicitously, many readers will prefer it. The book is well organized, with chapters on red and white blood cells, blood groups, iron metabolism, anemias, the spleen, proliferative disorders, paraproteinemias, and hemorrhagic disorders. References are current (through 1968) and emphasize the British literature. Emphasis is on pathophysiology and clinical description, and in some cases rather specific therapeutic measures are spelled out. Errors are few and insignificant. The author finds room for speculation. This keeps the book from being dull, but renders it subject to challenge. Examples include
Defects in mating behavior are the primary cause of sterility in C. elegans males at elevated temperature

Reproduction is a fundamental imperative of all forms of life. For all the advantages sexual reproduction confers, it has a deeply conserved flaw: it is temperature sensitive. As temperatures rise, fertility decreases. Across species male fertility is particularly sensitive to elevated temperature. Previously we have shown in the model nematode worm C. elegans, that all males are fertile at 20°C but almost all males have lost fertility at 27°C. Male fertility is dependent on the production functional sperm, successful mating and transfer of sperm, and successful fertilization post-mating. To determine how male fertility is impacted by elevated temperature we analyzed these aspects of male reproduction at 27°C in three wild-type strains of C. elegans: JU1171, LKC34, and N2. We found no effect of elevated temperature on the number of immature non-motile spermatids formed. There was a weak effect of elevated temperature on sperm activation that may negatively impact sperm function. In stark contrast, there was a strong effect of elevated temperature on male mating behavior and sperm transfer such that males very rarely successfully completed mating when exposed to 27°C. Therefore, we propose a model where elevated temperature reduces male fertility due to the negative impacts of temperature on the somatic tissues necessary for mating. Loss of successful mating at elevated temperature overrides any effects that temperature may have on the germline or sperm cells.
Addictive behaviors in nursing students in a private tunisian institute

Background : Addictive behaviors are common among young people and especially among students. Entry to university leads to a new way of life propelling students to meet different toxic products such as tobacco, alcohol and cannabis. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and dependence of psychoactive substance use among a group of nursing students and to deduce the factors associated with these behaviors. Methods : This is a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 500 students in a private nursing institute in the Tunisian center. This survey was based on an anonymous questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics, the Fagerström test to evaluate smoking dependence, the FACE test (Alcohol Attitude Formula by Interview) to detect alcoholic risk behavior and Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) to identify cannabis dependence. Results: A total of 455 students participated, representing a participation rate of 91 %. The mean age was 22.8 ± 2.6 years with a sex ratio of 1.05.
Structure of the SARS-Unique Domain C From the Bat Coronavirus HKU4

Coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome phylogenetically originate from bat CoVs. The coronaviral nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) has been implicated in viral replication, polyprotein cleavage, and host immune interference. We report the structure of the C domain from the SARS-Unique Domain of bat CoV HKU4. The protein has a frataxin fold, consisting of 5 antiparallel β strands packed against 2 α helices. Bioinformatics analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were conducted to investigate the function of HKU4 C. The results showed that HKU4 C engages in protein-protein interactions with the nearby M domain of nsp3. The HKU4 C residues involved in protein-protein interactions are conserved in group 2c CoVs, indicating a conserved function.
Protective Role of Lycopene on Hormonal Profile and Posttesticular Functions of Male Rat Exposed to Sublethal Doses of Cyermethrin

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the Protective role of Lycopene on hormonal profile and posttesticular functions of male rats exposed to sublethal doses of Cypermethrin. Study Design: The study was a completely randomized design employing relevant statistical tools for analysis and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Reproductive Physiology and Genetics Research Laboratory of the Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Rivers State. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Methodology: For the sperm morphology assay, sperm reserves and hormonal profiling, semen samples were drawn from the caudal epididymis with a syringe and placed on a clean glass slide. A drop of freshly prepared eosin-Y was added to make a thin smear and examined under the microscope for morphological abnormalities. A portion of the testis and epididymidis was homogenized separately with sharp pointed scissors in normal (physiological) saline. The suspension was mixed and strained through a double layer of sterile cheese cloth into graduated test tubes. All the samples were covered and stored for 24 hours at 40C. A dilution was made for counting in Neubauer haemocytometer. The hormonal concentration was determined using the Randox Monza Laboratories assay kit from Co-Atrim, United Kingdom. Results: Results of oral administration of Cypermethrin and co-administration of lycopene in rats showed Group G co-administered pure Lycopene had the lowest sperm head abnormalities of 3.5%, group B administered Cypermethrin only had the highest head abnormalities of 44.7%. Similarly, Group G, co-administered pure Lycopene had the lowest percentage of tail abnormalities of 10.1% while Group B had the highest percentage of sperm tail abnormalities of 32.4%. There was a was significant (p<0.001) decrease in concentration of all androgens considered in group B administered Cypermethrin only. Conclusion: Exposure to Cypermethrin only as in group B disrupted the production of all androgens considered, increased the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, reduced sperm motility, viability and sperm reserves. However, results recorded from the co-administration of Solanum lycopersicum and pure lycopene, in groups C-G indicate the protective role of this potent antioxidant on spermatogenesis and hormonal profile.
Segmented Filamentous Bacteria: their Metabolism, Impact and Place in the Mi-crobiome

In recent decades, the influence of microbes living in the human intestine has become the focus of intensive research. Before these studies, it was always assumed that the role of microorganisms in humans was rather insignificant. But the opposite turned out to be the case. Nowadays, the microbiome is regarded as an important factor in human health and disease. Much of the research on the human microbiome is focused on the types of microorganisms that are particularly important for their hosts, and one class of organisms that is the subject of intense research are Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB). SFB are commensal gram-positive bacteria that were first discovered in mice, and are known for their tight adhesion to epithelial cells in the short intestine of these organisms. Their presence has since been detected in various organisms, including humans. The presence of SFB is known to affect the immune system of mice, and is commonly associated with the promotion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in these organisms. The current knowledge about SFB was investigated in this study, with a focus on the effects of their metabolism, and the impact of recent discoveries regarding these organisms, especially in human hosts. Whole-genome sequencing studies have revealed a reduced metabolic capacity of SFB, and therefore a negligible influence of their metabolites on host health. The role of SFB in the mouse immune system appears to be well accepted, but discoveries on these organisms seem to be not directly applicable to humans. Also, studies on SFB (both humans and other species) appear to be inconclusive, and sometimes contradictory. Therefore, many questions about the role of SFB remain unanswered, and further research on these organisms is needed to make a final conclusion about their effects.
Wild or domestic? On the evidence for the earliest domestic cattle and pigs in south Scandinavia and Iberia

The earliest domestic animals in south Scandinavia and Iberia are claimed to be small numbers of pigs and cattle in late mesolithic and (in Iberia) earliest neolithic contexts. This paper examines these claims, and argues that there are no metrical grounds for separating a few bones of these species from the larger number of wild cattle and pigs. All the claimed domestic specimens are therefore most probably wild. Small cattle bones from the Ertebolle of Denmark are now referred to as wild aurochs. Contemporary claimed domestic and ‘transitional’ specimens from Rosenhof and Bregentwedt/Forstermoor in northern Germany are so close in size to these that they too are probably wild; the concept of ‘transitional’ cattle is criticized. Claimed ‘transitional’ pigs in northern Germany are likewise probably wild. In Spain, mesolithic/early neolithic pigs are claimed from Sarsa, Parralejo and Nerja via a comparison with the wild and domestic size ranges from Zambujal in Portugal. It is argued that (i) the wild range at Zambujal is not fully known; and (ii) Zambujal is in any case an inappropriate comparison because prehistoric wild boar were smaller in the south and east of Iberia. Fewer comparanda are available when studying Iberian cattle, so the situation is less clear; but neither the pigs nor the cattle are demonstrably domestic. The paper concludes by mentioning other areas of Europe where a similar approach might be fruitful.
Investigation of Simulated Pharmacist Decision Making Involving Prescriptions With a High Probability of Causing Patient Harm

Background: Medication errors pose a significant risk to patients, resulting in morbidity, mortality, and unnecessary health care utilization. Pharmacists, using their professional judgment, have an important role as a final check for identifying and resolving these problems. Little is known, however, about pharmacist perspectives and experiences with dispensing or withholding potentially dangerous prescriptions. Objectives: To (a) evaluate the extent to which pharmacists would not dispense a likely harmful prescription which has been confirmed by the prescriber and (b) assess pharmacist attitudes and experiences with dispensing likely harmful prescriptions. Methods: An anonymous, self-administered, 25-item survey was emailed to members of a state pharmacy association and a pharmacy college alumni list. A series of static prescription vignettes (1 reasonable and 4 likely dangerous doses) were presented and asked if they would fill each prescriber-confirmed prescription. Pharmacists also were asked a series of Likert-type, open-ended, multiple choice, and demographic items regarding their professional experiences and role perceptions. Results: There were 497 usable responses. Three of the 4 dangerous prescriptions were withheld by the majority of pharmacists (sumatriptan as the exception). No demographic variable was universally associated with filling dangerous vignette prescriptions; rather, there were vignette-specific differences. The majority of pharmacists reported refusing to fill a potentially harmful prescription during their career. Conclusions: There appears to be meaningful variation in how pharmacists react when presented with likely harmful prescriptions. More research is needed to better understand this role, its determinants, and the potential effects on patient safety.
Hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa Le carcinome hépatocellulaire induit par le virus de l’hépatite C en Afrique subsaharienne

In sub-Saharan Africa, as in other geographical regions, the incidence and, to a lesser extent, the characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma differ from those of the tumor caused by hepatitis B virus. HCV is a less common and less well-documented cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in the African subcontinent than it is in resource-rich regions. Perhaps surprisingly, sub-Saharan Black Africans have the highest estimated regional prevalence of chronic HCV infection globally. The infection is more common in urban than in rural dwellers. Little information is available on the age at which HCV infection is acquired in sub-Saharan Black Africans, but the incidence of chronic infection is age-related, being highest (12%) in those over the age of 40 years. No significant difference in sex distribution is evident. The documented incidence of chronic HCV infection in Black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the sub-continent ranges from 1.7% in the Central African Republic to 40.3% in Somalia, but varies between 10 and 20% in the majority of the countries. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are, on average, 20 years older than those with hepatitis B virusinduced tumors. The sex difference between the patients just fails to reach statistical significance. As with hepatocellular carcinoma in other populations, much remains to be learnt about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan
A cross sectional study of patients with poorly controlled asthma at a referral centre

Background: Asthma is a common chronic disease of the airways. Poorly controlled asthma has significant impact on social and economic factors. This study was done to analyse the clinical profile of patients with poorly controlled asthma.Methods: This is an observational, cross sectional study. Total of 100 patients were evaluated. Data collected included symptomatology, assessment of asthma control by asthma control test scoring, spirometry, body mass index, co-morbidities and allergy testing report.Results: Among the 100 patients studied, 52% (n=52) were in the age group of 30 to 60 years. 48% (n=48) were males and 52% (n=52) were females. 76% (n=76) patients had adhered to treatment for bronchial asthma as advised which was in line with standard therapy. 86% (n=86) had co-existing illness. They included allergic rhinitis, obesity, GERD, anxiety, atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria. 78% (n=78) of these cases were sensitized to indoor and outdoor allergens. 89% of sensitized cases were to house dust mite (n=70 of 78). This was followed by cockroach sensitization which was seen in 30.7% cases (n=24 of 78). Other allergens included pollens in 28.2% cases (n=22 of 78), aspergillus in 25.6% cases (n=20 of 78) and food allergens in 23% cases (n=18 of 78). Conclusions: Poorly controlled asthma cases require detailed evaluation of comorbid conditions and allergen sensitization profiles. Management of these conditions along with allergen control measures may benefit these patients along with step up of therapy.
A Rare Heart Rhythm Problem in Acute Rheumatic Fever: Complete Atrioventricular Block Akut Romatizmal Ateşte Eşlik Eden Ender Bir Kardiyak Ritim Bozukluğu: AV Tam Blok

Rheumatic heart disease remains the most important cause of acquired heart disease in children and young adults. Different kinds of rhythm and conduction disturbances may be seen during the course of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Long PR intervals are found commonly in rheumatic fever, but complete atrioventricular (AV) block is an exceptionally rare manifestation. This case report is about a 14 year-old-female patient diagnosed as ARF based on migratory arthralgia and mild carditis who also developed complete heart block on admission. Electrocardiogram on the 3rd day of hospitalization depicts 2nd degree atrioventricular block (Mobitz I) combined with PR prolongation. The ECG revealed a normal sinus rhythm with PR prolongation on the 4th day of hospitalization. Rarely, complete AV heart block can occur as a complication of ARF and may develop during the acute phase
Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications

To improve the biocompatibility of medical implants, a chemical composition of bone-like material (e.g., hydroxyapatite) can be deposited on the surface of various substrates. When hydroxyapatite is deposited on surfaces of orthopedic implants, several parameters must be addressed including the need of rapid bone ingrowth, high mechanical stability, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and osseointegration induction. However, the deposition process can fail due to poor adhesion of the hydroxyapatite coating to the metallic substrate. Increasing adhesion by enhancing chemical bonding and minimizing biocoating degradation can be achieved through surface activation and pretreatment techniques. Surface activation can increase the adhesion of the biocoating to implants, providing protection in the biological environment and restricting the leaching of metal ions in vivo. This review covers the main surface activation and pretreatment techniques for substrates such as titanium and its alloys, stainless steel, magnesium alloys, and CoCrMo alloys. Alkaline, acidic, and anodizing techniques and their effects on bioapatite deposition are discussed for each of the substrates. Other chemical treatment and combination techniques are covered when used for certain materials. For titanium, the surface pretreatments improve the thickness of the TiO2 passive layer, improving adhesion and bonding of the hydroxyapatite coating. To reduce corrosion and wear rates on the surface of stainless steel, different surface modifications enhance the bonding between the bioapatite coatings and the substrate. The use of surface modifications also improves the morphology of hydroxyapatite coatings on magnesium surfaces and limits the concentration of magnesium ions released into the body. Surface treatment of CoCrMo alloys also decreased the concentration of harmful ions released in vivo. The literature covered in this review is for pretreated surfaces which then undergo deposition of hydroxyapatite using electrodeposition or other wet deposition techniques and mainly limited to the years 2000-2019.
Parallel detection and elimination of strongly connected components for radiation transport sweeps

Discrete ordinate methods are commonly used to simulate radiation transport for fire or weapons modeling. The computation proceeds by sweeping the flux across a grid. A particular cell cannot be computed until all the cells immediately upwind of it are finished. If the directed dependence graph for the grid cells contains a cycle, then sweeping methods will deadlock. This can happen in unstructured grids and time-stepped problems where the grid is allowed to deform. We describe a parallel algorithm to detect and break these cycles present in the directed dependence graphs of these grids as well as an implementation and experimental results on shared and distributed memory machines.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Low Income Women

Goals: Identify the most prevalent risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases ( CVD) in low-income women; verify the relation between the prevalence of risk factors to develop CVD and social economic factors and identify beliefs of death without relation to the main diseases affecting females. Methods: Interview of 100 cleaning ladies in Sao Paulo University Hospital. It was used a quiz composed by 25 closed questions based on VIGITEL/2006 quiz – Health Ministry – a risk factor surveillance quiz. Results: The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension followed by smoking. Most of the women carrying cardiovascular risk factors were over 55 years old. It was also verified the relation between a higher income and higher education to CVD deaths. Conclusion: In order to reduce mortality by CVD, it is necessary to provide more information to these women about the main risks of developing such diseases through prevention programs, specially among groups with more vulnerability Keywords: Women, work, poverty, education, cardiovascular diseases.