Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--Florida.

• Florida reported 1858 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 8455 cases of tuberculosis from January 1,1981, through October 31, 1986. Of the patients with AIDS, 159 (8.6%) also had tuberculosis, and 154 (1.8%) of the patients with tuberculosis also had AIDS. Among patients with both diagnoses, tuberculosis was diagnosed before AIDS by more than 1 month in 50%, was diagnosed within 1 month before or 1 month after the diagnosis of AIDS in 30%, and was diagnosed more than 1 month after the AIDS diagnosis in 20%. Compared with patients with AIDS only, patients with both diagnoses were also more likely to be Haitian, black (other than Haitian), or Hispanic. Compared with patients with tuberculosis only, patients with both diagnoses were more likely to be younger, male, Haitian, black (other than Haitian), and Hispanic, have extrapulmonary tuberculosis and negative tuberculin skin tests, and have noncavitary chest roentgenograms. These data suggest that patients with AIDS may have an increased risk of tuberculosis and that patients with both diagnoses differ in important demographic and clinical characteristics from patients with AIDS only or tuberculosis only. (Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1268-1273)
Development of a Method for Capturing Human Motion Using a RGB-D Camera

Human motion capture systems are being increasingly studied in the area of computer vision and also by major entertainment industries. These systems are able to track the position and orientation of joints of the body and its trajectory in space over a period of time. They are used in various applications such as digital games, animation of virtual characters for film and television, gesture recognition, medical rehabilitation, etc. The emergence of new low-cost and good resolution devices that provide depth information has prompted new research. However, systems that are based only on depth information (usually realtime systems) do not present a high accuracy in movement tracking. Considering this context, this thesis project presents the development of a method for capturing human movements using only one RGB-D sensor, combining captured texture from the image and depth information in order to obtain a higher accuracy of the inferred motion, which are associated with a virtual skeleton. This method is not intended for real-time applications (like video games), but those that require greater accuracy, such as the animation of virtual characters, for film, and medical rehabilitation
Adenosine in Tissue Protection and Tissue Regeneration

Adenosine promotes tissue protection and repair through four general modes of action: increased oxygen supply/demand ratio, preconditioning, anti-inflammatory effects, and stimulation of angiogenesis. A novel means by which adenosine stimulates angiogenesis is the topic of the article by Desai et al. in the April 2005 issue of Molecular Pharmacology. The report demonstrates that agonists of A2A adenosine receptors inhibit the release of the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin 1. Multiple cell types and all four adenosine receptors participate in these responses. Exploiting these effects of adenosine has great therapeutic potential.
A hypersaline microbial mat from the Pacific Atoll Kiritimati: insights into composition and carbon fixation using biomarker analyses and a 13C‐labeling approach

Modern microbial mats are widely recognized as useful analogs for the study of biogeochemical processes relevant to paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the Precambrian. We combined microscopic observations and investigations of biomarker composition to investigate community structure and function in the upper layers of a thick phototrophic microbial mat system from a hypersaline lake on Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Northern Line Islands, Republic of Kiribati. In particular, an exploratory incubation experiment with 13C‐labeled bicarbonate was conducted to pinpoint biomarkers from organisms actively fixing carbon. A high relative abundance of the cyanobacterial taxa Aphanocapsa and Aphanothece was revealed by microscopic observation, and cyanobacterial fatty acids and hydrocarbons showed 13C‐uptake in the labeling experiment. Microscopic observations also revealed purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) in the deeper layers. A cyclic C19:0 fatty acid and farnesol were attributed to this group that was also actively fixing carbon. Background isotopic values indicate Calvin–Benson cycle‐based autotrophy for cycC19:0 and farnesol‐producing PSBs. Biomarkers from sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in the top layer of the mat and their 13C‐uptake patterns indicated a close coupling between SRBs and cyanobacteria. Archaeol, possibly from methanogens, was detected in all layers and was especially abundant near the surface where it contained substantial amounts of 13C‐label. Intact glycosidic tetraether lipids detected in the deepest layer indicated other archaea. Large amounts of ornithine and betaine bearing intact polar lipids could be an indicator of a phosphate‐limited ecosystem, where organisms that are able to substitute these for phospholipids may have a competitive advantage.
Sphincter injury after anal dilatation demonstrated by anal endosonography

Anal dilatation is still used in the treatment of anal fissure and haemorrhoids. Using anorectal physiology and anal endosonography we have studied 12 men presenting with faecal incontinence following anal dilatation. Resting anal pressures were low, pudendal nerve latencies were normal; 11 men had a disrupted internal anal sphincter and in ten this was extensively fragmented. Three also had defects of the external anal sphincter. These findings demonstrate for the first time the nature of the structural injury which may be caused by anal dilatation.
Contribución de las empresas al desarrollo en Latinoamérica

Esta publicación analiza las actividades que realizan las empresas pertenecientes a cuatro clusters productivos en Argentina, Brasil, Chile y El Salvador y su grado de consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio en sus regiones de influencia. En septiembre de 2000, en la "Cumbre del Milenio" de las Naciones Unidas, 147 Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno y un total de 189 países declararon su compromiso de hacer realidad para todos tanto el derecho al desarrollo como a la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de toda la especie humana. En esta misma Cumbre, los países participantes reconocieron que el progreso debe basarse en un crecimiento económico sostenible que debe concentrarse en los pobres y, particularmente, en los derechos humanos. El objetivo último de este trabajo es analizar la contribución que los grupos empresariales responsables están realizando para alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio (ODM) en Latinoamérica. Se trata, en definitiva, de conocer cómo las empresas contribuyen a la mejora de los estándares sociales así como efectuar recomendaciones para alinear las operaciones empresariales con los ODM.
Supplemental chromium for stressed and growing feeder calves.

The effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) from high-Cr yeast were investigated with steer calves fed corn silage diets. One hundred eight Charolais-crossed calves, weighing 245 kg after marketing and transport, were allotted to one of four treatments during the initial 28-d stress period: control, . 4 ppm of Cr in the diet, long-acting injectable oxytetracycline (LAOTC), and Cr + LAOTC. Those fed Cr received 4 mg of Cr/d for the first 3 d sprinkled onto a small amount of hay over the silage. Chromium without LAOTC increased (P less than .05) ADG by 30% (.61 vs .79 kg/d) and ADG/DMI by 27% (.123 vs .156). Oxytetracycline alone increased (P less than .05) ADG by 30% and DMI by 15%. Chromium had no effect on morbidity. However, LAOTC tended (P less than .14) to reduce morbidity (26.0 vs 14.0%) after its administration. After d 28, steers were processed. Two weeks later, they were rerandomized within Cr groups to urea-corn vs soybean meal supplementation of corn silage during a 70-d growing period. Level of Cr was reduced to . 2 ppm. Jugular blood was collected from eight steers on each treatment on two occasions. Chromium had no effect on ADG or ADG/DMI. However, Cr decreased (P less than .05) serum cortisol (75.0 vs 55.6 nmol/L). Furthermore, Cr increased (P less than .05) serum immunoglobulin M and total immunoglobulins in calves fed diets with soybean meal but had no effect in calves with urea-corn supplementation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the relaxation responses of the cavernous smooth muscle from aged rats

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was determine whether intracavernosal injection (ICI) of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein can improve corpus cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation in aging rats. Materials and methods. Ten young (4-month-old) and 30 old (24-month-old) Sprague–Dawley male rats were enrolled in the study. The old rats were divided into three groups: vehicle-only (n = 10), IGF-1 1 µg/kg (n = 10) and IGF-1 10 µg/kg treatment groups (n = 10). After 4 weeks of single IGF-1 injection treatment, strips of corporal tissue were precontracted with phenylephrine, and dose–response curves were generated to evaluate endothelial-dependent [acetylcholine (ACh)], endothelial-independent [sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] and electrical field stimulation (EFS) vasoreactivity. The changes in percentage of cavernosal smooth muscle and the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in penile tissue were also evaluated. Results. After IGF-1 treatment, the vasoreactivity was significantly improved in both the 1 µg/kg and the 10 µg/kg treatment groups compared with the vehicle-only group at 4 weeks in response to ACh, SNP and EFS (all p < 0.05). The percentage of cavernosal smooth muscle was increased in the IGF-1 treatment groups. The NO concentrations were increased after IGF-1 treatment. Conclusions. These data demonstrate that ICI of IGF-1 can improve vasoreactivity via endothelium-dependent and endothelial-independent mechanisms in the corpus cavernosum of the aging rat.
Does Alzheimer's disease represent an exaggeration of normal aging?

Consider with me the question in the title, even though it is unanswerable at present. My goal is to present relevant data in a balanced manner and encourage others to devote their investigative talents to providing a definitive answer. However, readers should be warned of my personal bias that the answer is "no." SIGNIFICANCE If Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an exaggeration of normal aging, these corollaries follow: (1) Normal aging and AD have the same causes and mechanisms. (2) There are only quantitative differences between the two. (3) Given sufficient longevity, everyone will develop AD. (4) The study of one may lead to the solution of both. (5) When caretakers of an elderly, demented person seek our advice only after the illness is advanced and explain, "We thought it was just old age," they are closer to the truth than we thought. (6) Normal agingg of the brain represents very
Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Diabetes-Induced Deterioration of Blood Antioxidants and Diabetic Retinopathy in Experimental Animals

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) administration on diabetes-induced alterations of blood antioxidants and retinal histopathological changes. Forty albino W istar rats of both sexes were used and divided into four groups; two groups (I and II) served as controls. In group III, diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg. In group IV, diabetes was induced and rats received a daily oral dose of ALA 60 mg/kg/day for four months. Serum glucose, serum vitamin C and erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels were measured after 2 and 4 months. Then, animals were sacrificed and subjected to light microscopic examination of the retina. Untreated diabetic animals exhibited significant deterioration of the measured biochemical parameters in addition to marked histopathological retinal changes. Treatment with ALA improved significantly the diabetes-induced deterioration of vitamin C and glutathione in blood. In addition, the retina of these animals appeared normal with no significant deviation from the control retina suggesting its protective role against diabetic retinopathy.
Cancer Therapy : Clinical Multihistology , Target-Driven Pilot Trial of Oral Topotecan as an Inhibitor of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 a in Advanced Solid Tumors

Purpose: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) a is frequently overexpressed in human tumors and is associated with angiogenesis and metastasis. Topotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit HIF-1a expression in preclinical models. We designed a pilot trial to measure HIF-1a inhibition in tumor biopsies from patients with advanced solid tumors overexpressing HIF-1a, after treatment with oral topotecan. Experimental Design: Topotecan was administered orally at 1.6mg/m once daily for 5 days/week for 2 weeks, in 28-day cycles. Objectives were to determine inhibition of expression of HIF-1a and HIF-1 target genes in tumor; to assess tumor blood flow by dynamic contrast–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI); and to measure pharmacokinetics. Tumor biopsies were collected at baseline and during the second cycle of treatment. Results: Sixteen patients were enrolled. The dose of topotecan was reduced to 1.2 mg/m/day due to myelosuppression. Seven patients had paired tumor biopsies. In 4 patients, HIF-1a nuclear staining became undetectable after treatment (7.5%–50% staining at baseline). Decreased levels of VEGF and GLUT-1 mRNA were measured in 4 patients; the changes were concordant with reduction in HIF-1a in 3 patients. Decreased tumor blood flow and permeability were observed by DCE-MRI in 7 of 10 patients after 1 cycle. One patient had a partial response accompanied by inhibition of HIF-1a in tumor and reduction in tumor blood flow on DCE-MRI. Conclusions: This multihistology, target assessment trial of a small molecule inhibitor of HIF-1a showed that topotecan could decrease HIF-1a expression in advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(15); 1–9. 2011 AACR.
How to Move an Electromagnetic Field

As a first principle, it is the basic assumption of the standard relativistic formulation of classical electrodynamics (ED) that the physical laws describing the electromagnetic phenomena satisfy the relativity principle (RP). According to the standard view, this assumption is absolutely unproblematic, and its correctness is well confirmed, at least in a hypothetico-deductive sense, by means of the empirical confirmation of the consequences derived from it. In this paper, we will challenge this customary view as being somewhat simplistic. The RP is actually used in exceptional cases satisfying some special conditions. As we will see, however, it is quite problematic how the RP must be understood in the general case of a coupled particles + electromagnetic field system.
Explorative Analyses of Nursing Research Data

As a first step of pursuing the vision of “Big Data science in nursing,” we described the characteristics of nursing research data reported in 194 published nursing studies. We also explored how completely the Version 1 metadata specification of biomedical and healthCAre Data Discovery Index Ecosystem (bioCADDIE) represents these metadata. The metadata items of the nursing studies were all related to one or more of the bioCADDIE metadata entities. However, values of many metadata items of the nursing studies were not sufficiently represented through the bioCADDIE metadata. This was partly due to the differences in the scope of the content that the bioCADDIE metadata are designed to represent. The 194 nursing studies reported a total of 1,181 unique data items, the majority of which take non-numeric values. This indicates the importance of data standardization to enable the integrative analyses of these data to support Big Data science in nursing.
Review Essay: Teaching History, Teaching Tolerance——Holocaust Education in Houston

To many, oil-rich Houston, Texas does not seem a likely location for a museum dedicated to remembering and teaching about the Holocaust. However, to the survivors who relocated to Houston, it seemed only necessary. Throughout the United States, communities in cities both large and small are gathering together and creating Holocaust museums to preserve the memory of the six million Jews and the five million others who were murdered under the Nazi terror. While serving as places of both remembrance and learning, these Holocaust museums have undertaken the complicated task of educating both students and adults about an event that is difficult to comprehend. As many young people learn about the Holocaust from their history books or popular movies like Schindler’s List, or more recently, The Pianist, Holocaust museums remain places that teachers are relying upon to further their students’ knowledge. Museums have been the focus of review sections in this and many other journals, but reviewers often focus solely on the exhibits, overlooking the museums’ education programs. This review will explore the Holocaust Museum Houston’s education programs, especially their programs for children. My evaluation is based largely on several visits to the museum spent with students on school tours and on conversations with museum educators.1
The Health of Black Folk: Disease, Class and Ideology of Science

Since the first crude tabulations of vital statistics in colonial America, one stark fact has stood out: black Americans are sicker and die younger than whites. As the epidemic infectious diseases of the nineteenth century were vanquished, the black burden of ill health shifted to the modern killers: heart disease, stroke, and cancer. Today black men under age 45 are ten times more likely to die from the effects of high blood pressure than white men. Black women suffer twice as many heart attacks as white women. A variety of common cancers are more frequent among blacks—and of cancer victims, blacks succumb sooner after diagnosis than whites. Black infant mortality is twice that of whites. All told, if the mortality rates for blacks and other minorities today were the same in the United States as for whites, more than 60,000 deaths in minority communities could be avoided each year.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Activation of ZAP‐70 kinase activity by phosphorylation of tyrosine 493 is required for lymphocyte antigen receptor function.

ZAP‐70 is a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) required for T‐cell development and T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) function. ZAP‐70 is associated with the phosphorylated antigen receptor and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation following receptor activation. We demonstrate here that tyrosine phosphorylation of ZAP‐70 results in an increase in its catalytic activity and that this activation is mediated by the phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 493 by the src family of PTKs. The activity of baculoviral expressed ZAP‐70 was up‐regulated 10‐fold when ZAP‐70 was co‐infected and phosphorylated by the src family PTK, lck. Mutation of Y493 alone abrogated the ability of ZAP‐70 to be activated by lck. Moreover, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Y493 and activation of ZAP‐70 is required for antigen receptor‐mediated induction of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) secretion in lymphocytes.
Wideband monopole Vivaldi antenna and its angular periodic performance

This paper presents a Vivaldi antenna structure and a study of its performance in an angular perspective over a wide frequency range. A conventional Vivaldi antenna is a structure with two halves creating a tapered open ended slot. Here the conventional Vivaldi is halved with a ground plane and thus the structure become as a monopole. The single monopole antenna is studied and it is compared with an array of two Vivaldis. The simulations results are presented in terms input impedance with different angular periodic values. The radiation patterns are presented with one and two Vivaldis at 1, 3 and 5 GHz based on results of the maximum gain in boresight. Also surface current distributions of a single Vivaldi are presented in the aforementioned frequencies. To steer the beams, a simple method to obtain main lobes in 22.5° angular steps is presented by exciting only one or two antenna ports.
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men.

BACKGROUND Inflammation may be important in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. We studied whether inflammation increases the risk of a first thrombotic event and whether treatment with aspirin decreases the risk. METHODS We measured plasma C-reactive protein, a marker for systemic inflammation, in 543 apparently healthy men participating in the Physicians' Health Study in whom myocardial infarction, stroke, or venous thrombosis subsequently developed, and in 543 study participants who did not report vascular disease during a follow-up period exceeding eight years. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive aspirin or placebo at the beginning of the trial. RESULTS Base-line plasma C-reactive protein concentrations were higher among men who went on to have myocardial infarction (1.51 vs. 1.13 mg per liter, P<0.001) or ischemic stroke (1.38 vs. 1.13 mg per liter, P=0.02), but not venous thrombosis (1.26 vs. 1.13 mg per liter, P=0.34), than among men without vascular events. The men in the quartile with the highest levels of C-reactive protein values had three times the risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk, 2.9; P<0.001) and two times the risk of ischemic stroke (relative risk, 1.9; P=0.02) of the men in the lowest quartile. Risks were stable over long periods, were not modified by smoking, and were independent of other lipid-related and non-lipid-related risk factors. The use of aspirin was associated with significant reductions in the risk of myocardial infarction (55.7 percent reduction, P=0.02) among men in the highest quartile but with only small, nonsignificant reductions among those in the lowest quartile (13.9 percent, P=0.77). CONCLUSIONS The base-line plasma concentration of C-reactive protein predicts the risk of future myocardial infarction and stroke. Moreover, the reduction associated with the use of aspirin in the risk of a first myocardial infarction appears to be directly related to the level of C-reactive protein, raising the possibility that antiinflammatory agents may have clinical benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease.
Tonic accommodation: a review I. Basic aspects

In the absence of an adequate visual stimulus, accommodation adopts an intermediate position of ∼ I D. Since this position was believed to reflect the level of tonic innervation to the ciliary muscle, this response has been termed tonic accommodation (TA). Part 1 of this review will consider various aspects of this parameter, including its reference to closed‐loop accommodative function and autonomic physiology. In addition, both the methods of measurement and appropriate terminology for this function will be discussed. It is concluded that the response, which becomes apparent under so‐called ‘stimulus‐free’ conditions, in fact probably represents an aggregate response resulting from multiple, non‐optical stimuli. Thus the designation tonic accommodation may not be appropriate, since it fails to describe accurately the heterogeneous composition of the stimulus‐free accommodative response. An associated paper (to be published as part II of this review) will examine accommodative adaptation and both clinical aspects of TA and adaptation of TA.