Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of pneumonia in chest X‐ray images by using 2D discrete wavelet feature extraction with random forest

Pneumonia is one of the most common and fatal diseases in the world. Early diagnosis and treatment are important factors in reducing mortality caused by the aforementioned disease. One of the most important and common techniques to diagnose pneumonia disease is the X‐ray images. By evaluating these images, various machine‐learning methods are used for accuracy in diagnosis. The presented study in this article utilizes machine‐learning techniques to evaluate these X‐ray images. The diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia is classified with a proposed machine learning method by using the chest X‐ray images. The proposed system firstly utilizes a two‐dimensional discrete wavelet transform to extract features from images. The features obtained from the wavelet method are labeled as normal and pneumonia and applied to the classifier for classification. Besides, Random Forest algorithm is used for the classification technique of 5856 X‐ray images. A 10‐fold cross‐validation method is used to evaluate the success of the proposed method and to ensure that the system avoided overfitting. By using various machine learning algorithms, simulation results reveal that the Random Forest method is proposed and it gives successful results. Results also show that, at the end of the training and validation process, the proposed method achieves higher success with an accuracy of 97.11%.
Maternal Nutrient Restriction with Fetal Growth Restriction in Guinea Pigs Impacts Brain Development and Neuroimaging Correlates in Neonatal Offspring

I CO-AUTHORSHIP II ACHKNOWLEDGMENTS III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF FIGURES IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS X CHAPTER 1 1 LITERATURE SEARCH 1 1. FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION 2 1.1.1 FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION INCIDENCE AND CLASSIFICATION 2 1.1.2 CAUSES OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION 3 1.1.2.1 Placental Insufficiency 4 1.1.2.2 Maternal Undernourishment 5 1.1.3 FGR MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY 6 1.1.4 FETAL PROGRAMMING 7 1.1.5 FGR AND POST-NATAL GROWTH 8 1.2 ANIMAL MODELS OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION 9 1.2.1 ANIMAL STUDIES OF FGR WITH PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY 9 1.2.2 ANIMAL STUDIES OF FGR WITH MATERNAL UNDERNOURISHMENT 10 1.2. 3 GUINEA PIG MODEL OF MATERNAL NUTRIENT RESTRICTION (MNR) INDUCED FGR 11 1.2. 4 GUINEA PIG BRAIN DEVELOPMENT 12 1.3 FGR AND THE BRAIN 13 1.3.1 FGR AND NEUROANATOMICAL OUTCOMES 13 1.3. 2 FGR AND NEUROBEHAVIOURAL OUTCOMES 15 1.3. 3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND THE BRAIN 17 1.3. 3.1 Neuroanatomical Correlates for MRI 17 1.3. 4 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND THE BRAIN 18 1.3. 3.1 Neuro-anatomic Correlates for MRS 21 1.4 SUMMARY 21 1.5 REFERENCES 23 CHAPTER 2 37 RATIONALE, OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES 37 2.1 RATIONALE 37 2.2 GOVERNING HYPOTHESIS 41 2.2.1 SPECIFIC HYPOTHESES 41
Temporal, spatial and adaptation characteristics of melanopsin inputs to the human pupil light reflex

This thesis advanced understanding of the timing, spatial and adaptation properties of the human pupil light reflex (PLR). It developed new functional measures of the eye's melanopsin cells, which regulate circadian rhythms and pupil size, and are dysfunctional in a range of common eye and brain disorders. Measuring the PLR under different light stimulations, this research determined that melanopsin inputs to the pupil are independent of stimulus timing, but are sensitive to both stimulus spatial location and adaptation level. The outcomes introduce new frameworks for translating these objective biomarkers of melanopsin function into clinical tools for diagnosing and monitoring disease.
Delimiting citizen participation: how Israeli mayors get the most out of the process

ABSTRACT Citizen Participation (CP) produces instrumental benefits and realises democratic ideals. However, administrators are aware of its administrative and political downsides. This might lead administrators to adopt symbolic forms of CP in which there is little significance to CP’s process and outputs. We investigate how mayors think about CP and the ways in which they shape the practice. Based on in-depth interviews with 15 Israeli mayors, this article studies mayoral views of CP and how these inform practice. We find that mayors adopt ‘delimited CP’, which goes beyond ‘symbolic’ CP, in allowing for some significant CP even at the planning level. However, at the same time, mayors reduce possible political and administrative costs in four ways: deciding when to convene CP, controlling its agenda, managing ex-ante and ex-post information flows, and retaining exclusive decision-making power. Lessons from the Israeli case could apply to other ‘strong mayor’ systems that engage in CP.
EFFECTS OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF OCIMUM BASILICUM (GREEN PEAS) LEAVES ON ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC MUCOSAL INJURY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS

Background: There is a great interest towards the medicinal herbs as a new line of treatment with less side effects. Objective: Evaluation and standardization of the protective effect of Ocimum basilicum extract which is used as traditional medicine against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Material and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats of local strain weighing between 150 and 185 grams were used for this study. The rats were divided into four groups, control, ethanol-treated, Ocimum basilicum plus ethanol-treated, and cimetidine plus ethanol-treated. The rats received the extract in two different dose concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. orally), and cimetidine (100 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously) for seven successive days. One hour later after the seventh day dose, the rats of the third and fourth groups received a single dose of 70% ethanol (1 ml/rat) orally. Results: The tested two concentrations of the extract showed a dose-dependent preventive index of 54.3% and 84.3% for the small and large dose respectively. It was noticed that the larger dose of the Ocimum basilicum extract showed a gastric mucosal protection nearly similar to that produced by cimetidine. Conclusion: Ocimum basilicum leaves extract was effective in protection of gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.
The effect of auditor industry specialization and board independence on the cash flow reporting classification choices under IFRS: evidence from Taiwan

Purpose This study aims to explore the relationship between audit partner and firm industry specialization and board of director independence on the decision by Taiwanese firms to use International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) flexibility concerning reporting interest income and expense and dividends received in different sections of the statement of cash flows. This flexibility existed in Taiwan for the first time in 2013, the year that Taiwan switched from its own generally accepted accounting principle to IFRS. Design/methodology/approach Using 2013 data for a sample of 1,227 firms, 354 of whom changed their reporting classification, this study examined the interaction effect of board independence and partner-level and firm-level auditor industry specialization on the cash flow reporting decision using logistic regression. Findings The results show there is a substitute relationship between board independence and partner-level industry specialization on the change in cash flow reporting classification, but a complementary relationship between board independence and firm-level auditor specialization. Further, both partner-level and firm-level auditor industry specializations have a complementary (but negative) relationship with board independence as to whether the firm is likely to report interest expense paid in the operating or financing activities sections. Practical implications An important implication is that knowing the levels of audit firm and partner specialization and how independent the board is, is useful for researchers and regulators in investigating auditor-client relationships and understanding the influences of variables investigated here on the outcome(s) of accounting policy and regulatory changes. Originality/value This study improved the field’s understanding of the impacts of audit partner and firm specialization, board independence and relevant interactions on cash flow reporting choices.
Clinical Comparison of Ibuprofen Drug Effect and Low Power Laser Diode on Orthodontic Separator Implementation Pain

: Objective : Placing orthodontic separators is one of the common tasks in orthodontics. It can cause low to moderate pain, because of the pressure of the periodontal ligament and the release of prostaglandins. The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of Ibuprofen ® 400mg (Gelophen, Zahravi Pharmaceutical Co, Tabriz, Iran) and LLLT on pain after the placement of orthodontics separator. Material and Methods : In this randomized clinical trial study, 61 orthodontics patients were randomly divided into two groups: group one LLLT (31 patients) and group two Ibuprofen drug (30 patients). The age of the patients was 13 to 25 years old. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, Maxillary first molars were selected to place separators in mesial and distal contacts . Results : After receiving the questionnaires, 11 patients (6 patients from the laser group and 5 patients from drug group) due to the taking of another medication during the study period, were set aside. Data from 50 of them were analyzed. Using the Chi-square test, no difference was seen between two groups base on the amount of pain experienced, time to start pain and other causes of pain. Only in the drug group initiation of pain was observed later than the laser group. Conclusion : As there was no difference in pain experienced between the two groups according to cost and time, it is not preferable to use low-power laser compared to medicine. The drug seems to be more effective.
Metabarcoding Cyanobacteria in coastal waters and sediment in central and southern Adriatic Sea

Seasonal sampling of the seawater column and sediment in Adriatic coastal areas affected by various anthropogenic activities, primarily aquaculture, was conducted during 2017. In total, 32 samples from two sites (central and southern Adriatic) were analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This approach was selected to test the possibilities of using metabarcoding in studying marine cyanobacteria, exploring their ecology and potential as an indicator group in anthropologically stressed coastal environments. Additionally, physicochemical water column parameters, sediment granulometry and composition were assessed. Water column revealed a seasonal variation of amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) closely related to Cyanobium PCC-6307, Prochlorococcus MIT9313 and Synechococcus CC9902, as well as seasonal grouping of physico-chemical parameters in PCA analysis. Sediment analysis uncovered greater community richness of 13 cyanobacterial genera and two uncultured groups. The most abundant in sandy gravels and gravelly sand type of sediments were ASVs closely related to Pleurocapsa PCC-7319 and Xenococcus PCC-7305. Furthermore, identified cyanobacterial ASVs predominantly displayed similarity to isolates from tropical areas (e.g. Neolyngbya, Chroococcidiopsis, Trichodesmium, etc.), which could indicate the tropicalization process already ongoing in the fish fauna of the Adriatic Sea.
‘Coexisting in the Outside Space in the Shade for the Afternoon’: Poetics of Loss and Connection in Ellen van Neerven’s Heat and Light

The theoretical debate about place opposing, on the one hand, the existential necessity for a degree of permanence and continuity between person and place, and on the other, the definition of place as the chance convergence of trajectories proves useful when dealing with the way place and placelessness are imagined in contemporary Aboriginal literature. The article examines how, in Heat and Light, Ellen van Neerven negotiates between a “typically Aboriginal” way of relating to place and her own generation’s worldview.
Investigación traslacional en el estudio de marcos deícticos: reflexiones a partir de un trabajo experimental

La teoria de los marcos relacionales aborda los fenomenos psicologicos relacionados con la toma de perspectiva asumiendolos como un tipo de responder relacional deictico y a traves de la investigacion traslacional se abordan problematicas socialmente relevantes partiendo del estudio de procesos conductuales posiblemente implicados. En este estudio participaron dos ninos a quienes se les aplico un protocolo adaptado de evaluacion y entrenamiento de marcos deicticos basado en la RFT.La adaptacion del protocolo intento atender una de las amenazas mas frecuentes a su validez ecologica (i.e., extenso numero de ensayos), valorar la suficiencia y eficiencia en la adquisicion de dicho repertorio conductual, asi como la aplicabilidad en contextos naturales. Los resultados muestran que los participantes tuvieron desempenos del 100% de aciertos en entrenamiento y pruebas de relaciones deicticas simples.Mientras que en relaciones invertidas tuvieron desempenos efectivos en el entrenamiento de relaciones personales, temporales y espaciales, su ejecucion fue deficiente en las fases de prueba de relaciones temporales y espaciales, lo cual impidio que pudieran evaluarse y entrenarse las relaciones doblemente invertidas.Estos hallazgos se discuten en terminos de validez ecologica del protocolo y su aplicabilidad en contextos naturales para la solucion de problematicas relacionadas con la toma de perspectiva.
Preconcentration of yoghurt base by ultrafiltration for reduction in acid whey generation during Greek yoghurt manufacturing

The feasibility of applying ultrafiltration (UF) to concentrate a yoghurt base prior to fermentation during Greek yoghurt manufacturing was studied as a way of minimising acid whey (AW) generation. Two Greek yoghurts were prepared by concentrating a milk base through UF to 13.8% and 17.5% (w/w) (GY-2, GY-3). Production of GY-3 resulted in zero AW discharge, while the GY-2 production discharged 78% lower AW compared to the control (GY-1). GY-2 exhibited a hard gel structure, low syneresis, maximum rheological properties and a high protein and fat content. Applying both, UF and straining, resulted yoghurts with required structural attributes while substantially reducing the generation of AW.
Bioactivity of A Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1AC Toxin to Spodoptera litura

The transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Indonesia has been planted since 2000 for controlling Helicoverpa armigera. Spodoptera litura is another lepidopteran insect that also attacks cotton. The objective of this research was to determine the toxicity of Cry1Ac to S. litura . The acute toxicity was determined using neonates of S. litura exposed to artificial diets treated with series concentrations of Cry1Ac ranging from 0.14 to 625 mg/ml, and larval mortality was recorded at the seventh day after treatment. The chronic toxicity was determined by exposing neonate to artificial diets treated with the sublethal concentrations (LC5 and LC40). The growth and development of treated larvae were compared with those of the control farvae. Cry1Ac was toxic to neonate with LC5 values of 71.9, 18.1, 24.7, and 16.2 mg/ml for S. litura collected from Wonosari, Bantul-l, Bantul-2, and Kopeng, respectively. Cry1Ac was more toxic than formulated B. thuringiensis (LC50 = 724.8 mg/ml). Larvae exposed continuously to artificial diets treated with sublethal concentrations of Cry1Ac (0.61 and 9.77 mg/ml) showed no significant difference on weight and length of each life stages than those of the control larvae. These indicate that the application of the tested sublethal concentrations of Cry I Ac did not affect the growth and development of S. litura . However, increasing concentrations of Cry1Ac (156.25 and 625 mg/ml) significantly reduced the weight of surviving larvae. These findings suggest that application of Cry1Ac to S. litura shows some toxicological effects. The effectiveness of the transgenic cotton in controlling S. litura in field situation will be discussed.
Exploiting User Preference and Mobile Peer Influence for Human Mobility Annotation

Human mobility annotation aims to assign mobility records the corresponding visiting Point-of-Interests (POIs). It is one of the most fundamental problems for understanding human mobile behaviors. In literature, many efforts have been devoted to annotating mobility records in a pointwise or trajectory-wise manner. However, the user preference factor is not fully explored and, worse still, the mobile peer influence factor has never been integrated. To this end, in this article, we propose a novel framework, named JEPPI, to jointly exploit user preference and mobile peer influence to tackle the problem. In our JEPPI, we first unify the two distinct factors in a behavior-driven user-POI graph. This graph enables us to model user preference with user-POI visiting relationships, and model two types of mobile peer influence with co-location and co-visiting peer relationships, respectively. Moreover, we devise an equivalence-emphasizing metric to reduce redundancy in the second-order co-visiting peer influence. In addition, a mutual augmentation learning approach is proposed to preserve the latent structures of various factors exploited. Notably, our learning approach preserves all factors in a shared representation space such that user preference is learned with mobile peer influence being considered at the same time, and vice versa. In this way, the different factors are mutually augmented and semantically integrated to enhance human mobility annotation. Finally, using two large-scale real-world datasets, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of our approach compared with the state-of-the-art annotation methods.
The Effects of Vermicompost on Yield and Some Growth Parameters of Lettuce

Due to its importance for organic agriculture, one of the most important agricultural production systems, various sources have been proposed to increase soil organic matter content. Vermicompost is one of those sources known as the resistant last form of farmyard manure which is degraded by earthworms. Soil organic matter or humus and their compounds are nutrient sources that increase physical, chemical and biological quality of soil. Humus and humus compounds improve soil physical, chemical and biological quality parameters increasing rhizosphere aeration and water holding capacity, rehabilitating soil structure, providing plant nutrients and constituting natural media for microorganisms with their regulative effects on soil reactions. In this study, the effects of vermicompost on yield and some growth parameters of lettuce were investigated. For this purpose, a random block designed experiment with 5 different applications was conducted in 3 replicates. The applications were control, vermicompost applications of 100 kg, 200 kg and 300 kg per decare and conventional fertilization. According to the results obtained, yield and growth parameters were improved by vermicompost application when compared to control and conventional fertilization. As a result of this study, it was concluded that 300 kg vermicompost/da is a promising application in lettuce production for optimal yield and soil improvement.
Contribution of Nanotechnology in the Fight Against COVID-19

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by a newly discovered virus strain, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) This pandemic spread quickly across nations with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients This contagious disease posed a serious threat to health systems It impacted the continents of the earth in a way that could not have been predicted Therefore, many leading funding agencies announced the call for proposal to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 pandemic using advanced technology-based methods, including nanotechnology The researchers coming from the nanotechnology community can contribute their efforts to cope with COVID-19 As a community member of nanotechnology, we suggest some new research targets that can be designed and improved, optimized, and developed the existing/new materials in the sub-field of diagnostics and healthcare of nanotechnology The potential research targets to fight against COVID-19 includes Point-of-care diagnostics (POCD), surveillance and monitoring, novel therapeutics, vaccine development, research, and development, repurposing existing drugs with potential therapeutic applications, development of antiviral nanocoating/antimicrobial spray-based coating for PPE, magnetic nanoparticles and viral RNA and rapid detection kits
Quantitative measurement of α6β1 and α6β4 integrin internalization under cross-linking conditions: a possible role for α6 cytoplasmic domains

in melanoma and teratocarcinoma cells, with maximum values of 20% of total receptors expressed at the cell surface. No significant difference was observed between the α6 isoforms A and B in these assays. To determine whether α6 cytoplasmic domains could influence integrin endocytosis, we prepared chimeric constructs with the extracellular domain of a reporter protein (CD8), and the cytoplasmic domains of either α6A or α6B. Both α6 cytoplasmic domains but not a control cytoplasmic domain promoted internalization of the chimeric proteins, after cross-linking with antibody. Internalization of α6 integrins may have a role in redistributing these receptors at the cell surface. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic domains of α6 may be involved in regulating integrin internalization. SUMMARY
Deepmpc: A Mixture Abr Approach Via Deep Learning And Mpc

The leading adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithm leverages model predictive control (MPC) method to determine next chunks’ video bitrate, while it heavily relies on the accuracy of throughput prediction, which thereby fails to perform well in all considered network scenarios. In this paper, we propose DeepMPC, which enhances MPC via two deep learning-based modules, i.e., DL-based Throughput Predictor (DTP), which can precisely predict future bandwidth, and Discounted Factor Optimizer (DFO), which estimates the prediction error. Using trace-driven experiments, we illustrate that DeepMPC outperforms existing ABR schemes in all considered network conditions, with the improvements on average QoE of 5.91% - 56.1%. Moreover, we implement DeepMPC in real-world network environments and extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of DeepMPC against existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Wheat Grain Yield Estimation Based on Image Morphological Properties and Wheat Biomass

The estimation of wheat grain yield based on a composite of morphological features and mass of wheat organs was introduced in this study. The morphological features (length, width, and perimeter for the wheat stem and ear) were extracted by a computer vision system whose performance was evaluated by correlating the measured and estimated perimeter and length of the wheat stem at an of 0.9609 and 0.9779, respectively. Six regression models were developed based on the extracted features. The linear regression based on the wet weight of the stem, the ear, and the leaves outperformed all the other statistical models explored with an of 0.9893 and an RMSE of 0.0684 mm in estimating the dry grain yield with wet wheat organ mass as the predictors. This proposed system can be applied as nondestructive in a field technique for wheat phenotyping. Additionally, it can be applied to other similar crops.