Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing the 2D–scale, location–specific variations of soil properties in the coal mining area of Changhe watershed, China

Many researches have been conducted to understand the scale–location specific variations of soil properties in one‐dimensional soil samples. However, these results did not enable us to properly understand the 2D (two‐dimensional) distributions of soil characteristics, especially in the coal mining areas. Therefore, the objective of this study is to reveal the scale–location dependent variation of two‐dimensional patterns for soil properties and to develop a soil organic matter (SOM) prediction based on those scale–location effects in the coal mining area. To this end, SOM, porosity, and silt were measured in the top (0–20 cm), middle (20–40 cm), and bottom (40–60 cm)layers of soil in Changhe watershed, China. The scale‐specific spatial patterns of soil properties were extracted using two‐dimensional empirical mode decomposition (2DEMD), and SOM was predicted using stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and 2DEMDGS. It was found that the spatial distributions of SOM residue (>24 km) at middle layer and porosity residue at top and bottom layers could reveal the differentiation between coal mining and non‐coal mining areas. The scale‐effects on the relationships between SOM and its covariates was stronger than that of land uses, and the relationships of SOM with the covariates in different land use types were distinctive at top layer, and were similar at bottom layer. 2DEMDGS performed better than SMLR on SOM prediction for its involvement of scale and location effects. Therefore, the relationship between SOM and influencing factors is a function of scale, location, and land uses activities, and the scale‐ and location‐dependent method should be considered for SOM prediction.
Occurrence of Cylas formicarius (F.) (Col., Apionidae) in Central and Southern Africa

Sweet potato weevils of the genus Cylas were collected by sweeping and beating foliage of sweet potato and adjacent plants, by collecting directly from roots and by using pheromone traps. Specimens of Cylas formicaius are known from only two localities in Africa: Msabaha, Kenya and the Natal Province, South Africa. The field observations are consistent with most phylogenic and distributional evidence which suggests that the center of origin of C. formicarius was in India and occurrence in Africa is probably the result of recent human introductions.
Diurnal and seasonal mass variation in blackbirds Turdus merula: consequences for mass‐dependent predation risk

1. A bird’s mass in winter should reflect the trade-off between the benefits of an increased energy store to reduce starvation risk, and its costs in terms of increasing mass-dependent predation risk. State-dependent models of this trade-off predict that as starvation risk increases then energy reserves should (i), increase, and (ii) be acquired earlier in the day. 2. Blackbirds increased their minimum weight by 25. ±. 1·5% in midwinter; adults weighed significantly more than juveniles in midwinter, but weighed less in late winter. Weight for both sexes, and particularly adults, decreased with increasing daylength, but weight increases with respect to temperature decreases were most pronounced in males. Female blackbirds showed relatively small seasonal weight changes so that their midwinter mass-dependent predation risk relative to males was independent of diurnal weight changes. 3. Blackbirds lost at least 1–9% of their body weight overnight depending on temperature. Over 60% of the weight lost was then regained in the first 3 hours after dawn, with only 5% being regained after 12.00 h. The pattern of early morning weight gain was maintained throughout the winter, with the ratio of weight gain rates in the first 4. h of dawn compared to the rest of the day being c. 3:1 in midwinter (when individuals maintained high weights) and in early spring (when individuals were losing weight seasonally). 4. The results agree with the theoretical prediction that energy reserves should increase as risk of starvation increased (as measured by seasonal factors such as cold, short midwinter days). There was, however, little change in the seasonal pattern of diurnal weight gain, with weight always being gained early in the day. In the likely absence of foraging constraints within the study system, this result fits the predictions of state-dependent foraging models where animals can escape from predation after achieving weight gains, by either using refuges or adopting low-risk foraging options.
A comparison of surface sampling methods for detecting coliforms on food contact surfaces

Newly developed self-contained swab-based methods were assessed for their ability to detect low levels of coliform bacteria on food contact surfaces. Their performance, under controlled laboratory conditions, was compared to a range of conventional microbiological methods, including traditional hygiene swabs, dipslides and sampling sponges. Stainless steel surfaces were inoculated with known levels of coliform bacteria and were sampled immediately after inoculation whilst still wet, or after they had been allowed to air-dry for 1h. The sampling sponge was the least eiective means of detecting coliforms on a wet surface, having a minimum detection limit of approximately 100 cfu cm � 2 ,w hereas all other test methods were able to detect the presence of o3 � 5c fu cm � 2 . Allowing inoculated surfaces to dry resulted in a marked reduction in the minimum detection limits of all test methods although this was less for dipslides and the newly developed media-based hygiene swabs. A novel chemiluminescent swab-based assay was capable of providing results in 5 h, comparable to those obtained using traditional spread plates. The results of this study suggest that during the hygienic assessment of food contact surfaces when testing for coliforms, newly developed self-contained swab-based methods, including one giving results in 5 h, could prove a valuable tool for use within an integrated cleaning monitoring strategy. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Impactos socioculturales del turismo deportivo en la comunidad de El Peñón, Temscaltepec

Studies on the social and cultural impacts produced by sports tourism have acquired international academic relevance. However, this type of study is infrequent in Latin America. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the sociocultural impacts of sports tourism in the community of El Penon, Temascaltepec, in the State of Mexico. The Research uses a quantitative methodology based on the application of a questionnaire to local residents. Results suggest that sports tourism has positively impacted in aspects such family life, the feeling of belonging and identity with the place and the practice of various sports by the locals. Regarding the negative aspects, the low participation of the local community in the opening of new projects and the lack of planning by the different actors involved is highlighted. Thus, the costs and benefits of tourism activity in the study community are identified. Additionally, it is shown that the particularities of the destinations, the management, the tourists and the sports activities practiced determine the intensity of the mentioned impacts.
Aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: A review

Aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by a triad of symptoms: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and a respiratory reaction to aspirin and other cyclooxygenase‐1 inhibitors, also known as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The objective of this review is to provide otolaryngologists with an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this under‐recognized condition.
Zero-Sequence Current Suppression Strategy With Common-Mode Voltage Control for Open-End Winding PMSM Drives With Common DC Bus

The zero-sequence loop inherently exists in the structure of the three-phase open-end winding permanent-magnet synchronous machine (OW-PMSM) system with common dc bus, which provides the circulating path for zero-sequence current (ZSC) and consequently causes the torque ripple and extra system loss. Besides, the common-mode voltage (CMV), which can cause many negative effects, such as the bearing current and the failure of motor bearing, is another concern in the driving system. However, the simultaneous suppression of ZSC and the CMV control of the devices is investigated mainly in the application of the induction machine system and the multiphase OW-PMSM system, whereas it is ignored in the application of the three-phase OW-PMSM system, in which the suppression of ZSC is more complex considering the effect of flux linkage harmonic components. On this basis, this article proposes a strategy that can not only suppress the ZSC, but also eliminate the ripple of CMV in the three-phase OW-PMSM system. In the proposed method, the suppression of ZSC is achieved by synchronously adjusting the duration time of each phase within every control cycle based on the reference voltage of zero-sequence control loop, which can simplify the conventional rearrangement-based scheme. Furthermore, the duration time of each phase is distributed into each switch device of the two inverters, with the principle of eliminating the ripple of CMV. Consequently, both the suppression of ZSC and the CMV control can be achieved easily. Furthermore, the influence of dead time on the CMV control is analyzed, indicating that the CMV control is irrelevant with the dead time. Moreover, the effective modulation range of the proposed technique is analyzed. Finally, the experimental validation is conducted on a three-phase OW-PMSM system with common dc bus.
Asynchronous/Synchronous Learning Chasm

Online learning offers generous benefits for learners. Its main attraction, convenience, however, is causing a conflict between asynchronous and synchronous modes of learning which can lead to numerous adverse effects. The shift towards asynchronous at the expense of the synchronous practices is noticeable in some colleges which may deprive students of the two critical benefits of education, personal and social development, and cause deterioration of the learning outcomes. Analysis of these two modes demonstrates advantages and disadvantages of both which calls for a holistic approach to online education realized through an additive interactive model in a blended learning format.
Effects of Supplemental Energy as Starch on Tissue Responsiveness and Sensitivity to Insulin in Goats

Intact adult male goats were fed diets at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the metabolizable energy for maintenance, each for 21 days. Supplemental energy above maintenance was supplied as corn starch. Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin were evaluated using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique with four levels of insulin infusion. The concentrations of plasma metabolites and insulin were also measured at 6h after feeding. At 6h after feeding, plasma total amino-nitrogen, acetate and propionate concentrations were increased (P<0.05) with increasing energy intake, but plasma insulin concentration was unchanged. In the clamp experiment, basal blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were unaffected by energy intake. Maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin) increased (P<0.05) with increasing energy intake, but the plasma insulin concentration at half-maximal glucose infusion rate (insulin sensitivity) was unaffected by energy intake. These results suggest that in adult male goats energy supplementation with starch enhances tissue responsiveness to insulin, but has no effect on insulin sensitivity as determined by the glucose clamp approach.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Designing Removable Partial Denture Among Interns and Dentist; Dental Schools in Pakistan

here are multiple options available in modern day restorative dentistry to restore partially edentulous arches.1 From simple removable options of restoration with fixed options with or without dental implants.1 While choosing between the options over all treatment cost, time and oral hygiene maintenance is mostly considered by the dentist.2 Removable partial denture (RPD) is one of the simple options available and if used scientifically and strategically could benefit the patient in restoration of function and esthetic and could be acceptable to the patient as well.2-3 There are different clinical and laboratory steps in the designing of an RPD such as surveying the primary cast and drawing a preliminary design and marking out the areas which need modification.3 After the tooth modification have been done the secondary cast is again reoriented on the dental surveyor and checked for the appropriate amount of tooth modification have been done in the mouth. Once satisfied the final design is drawn on the laboratory from and send to the laboratory technician to follow the design instructions.4-5 There are many components of an RPD which 1. Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. 2. Registrar, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. 4. Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan. 5. Senior Registrar, Department of Prosthodontics, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. 6. Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Corresponding author: “Dr. Fatima Naseem Ahmed Khan” < fnaknlm@gmail.com >
The Impact of Hospital Supplier Integration on Hospital Performance in Pakistan

The aim of this research is to analyze the Supplier Integration on performance of Hospitals within Pakistan. Four factors of supplier integration are identified as Logistics Integration (LI), Information Technology (IT), Cost Reduction (CR) and Information Sharing (IS) which have been analyzed using Smart PLS. Sample of 299 workers of hospitals is obtained using structured questionnaire comprising of 21 questions where the responses were measured on Likert Scale. Data was studied using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling). It was concluded that information sharing, information technology and cost reduction have significant impact on hospital performance while logistics integration has less significant impact on the hospital performance in Pakistan. The scope of this research is to conclude the factors involved in enhancing the performance of Hospitals by bringing about supplier integration.
Leitsymptom Thoraxschmerz – akutes Koronarsyndrom

Mit etwa 200000 Myokardinfarkt-assoziierten Hospitalisierungen pro Jahr in Deutschland stellt das akute Koronarsyndrom eine extrem bedeutsame Diagnose im klinischen Alltag dar [2]. Das akute Koronarsyndrom ist trotz verbesserter Versorgung weiterhin mit einer hohen Letalität verbunden [2] und belegt laut Statistischem Bundesamt Platz zwei der Todesursachen in Deutschland [3]. Diese epidemiologischen Daten betonten die Notwendigkeit einer strukturierten, qualitativ hochwertigen Versorgung von Thoraxschmerzpatienten.
RFLP diversity within and between major groups of barley in Europe

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) diversity has been determined and analyzed as expressed by 33 single- or low-copy clone/ enzyme combinations at 32 loci distributed over all chromosomes of the barley genome within a sample of 223 European barley accessions comprised of pure line (single-head progenies) genotypes. The accessions have been selected to include landraces and widely grown cultivars derived from crossbreeding during the 20th century in North-, West- and Central European countries. Genetic diversity obtained from 83 alleles across all accessions is characterized by the diversity index H = 0.385. The diversity indices determined for landraces and cultivars were almost equal, with the difference between spring (H = 0.260) and winter (H = 0.415) barley approaching statistical significance, while comparisons of other groupings only revealed statistically insignificant trends. A more detailed analysis based on differences in allele frequency distributions at each locus (clone/enzyme combinations resp.) revealed very clear differences related to the existence, continuity and dynamics of changes in group-specific RFLP profiles. With the majority (69%) of RFLP alleles at 23 out of 32 loci on all barley chromosomes involved, contributions from chromosomes 1H, 3H, 4H and 5H seem to be of special importance. Differences in the overall average of abundance indicate higher levels of genetic diversity within both groups of winter barley compared with both groups of spring barley, from which the most frequent alleles at 15 (2-rowed spring barley) and 17 (6-rowed spring barley) RFLP loci approach fixation. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the history of barley cultivation and barley breeding in Europe, and possible explanations for group-specific differences in the RFLP profiles of landraces and cultivars as well as for the high levels of (nearly) fixed alleles of both subsets of spring barley, and with respect to progress in barley breeding that it has been possible to obtain within the rather narrow RFLP profiles.
Sustained Complete Response to Palbociclib in a Refractory Pediatric Sarcoma With BCOR-CCNB3 Fusion and Germline CDKN2B Variant

Genomic alterations in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFT) were discovered . 30 years ago with the identification of the reciprocal translocation, t(11; 22)(q24;q12), otherwise known as EWS-FL1. In the time since, multiple other fusion partners with EWS have been identified that fit a similar Ewing sarcoma phenotype. When EWS fusions are not identified, tumors with histologic features of Ewing sarcoma have been labeled as primitive neuroectodermal tumors. In 2012, Pierron et al identified a subset of Ewing-like tumors harboring paracentric inversion on the short arm of chromosome X, resulting in the fusion of the BCOR and CCNB3 genes. Since that discovery, several small case series have further elucidated the clinical, morphologic, and genomic differences that make this diagnosis distinct from other round cell sarcomas, most notably Ewing sarcoma. Though distinct from Ewing sarcoma, most BCORCCNB3–fused sarcomas (BCS) are treated with upfront compressed chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide plus local control with surgery and/or radiation. BCS shares similar event-free and overall survival rates with the standard EWS-FLI1–fused Ewing sarcoma using this treatment strategy. Despite the growing knowledge base related to BCS, little is known about potential drug targets related to this disease entity, especially with regard to treatment of disease recurrence. We highlight the treatment of a young patient who had multiply-relapsed disease with the US Food and Drug Administration–approved cyclindependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor palbociclib; the tumor harbored a BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and a germline variant in CDKN2B, and treatment resulted in a complete response and no evidence of disease 25 months into therapy.
Characteristics of the Kokanee Spawning Run in Harvey Creek, Washington, and its Potential Use as an Egg Source

Abstract Kokanee populations often require stocking to meet fishery management goals, since natural reproduction may be limited. Many kokanee stocking programs are dependent on eggs collected from a limited number of brood lakes. The anticipated loss of the primary brood source for the statewide kokanee program in Washington State prompted the evaluation of alternative egg sources. I conducted a four-year investigation of the kokanee spawning run in Harvey Creek, a tributary to Sullivan Lake, to evaluate its potential as an egg source. A weir, electrofishing, seining, and carcass surveys were used to collect and enumerate spawning kokanee from 2002 through 2005. Kokanee spawned in Harvey Creek from October through December. Escapement estimates ranged from 4,594 in 2002 to 24,611 in 2004. There were significant declines in mean total length and weight for both sexes throughout the study period. Fecundity had a significant positive relationship with length (r2 = 0.38, P <0.001). The decreasing trend in mean size was suggestive of density dependent growth. The potential for density dependent effects on growth and fecundity associated with variable abundance may make management of the population for multiple uses difficult, particularly given the lack of information regarding harvest rates, food web interactions, and survival rates of various life stages.
A Review of Thermochemical Energy Storage Systems for Power Grid Support

Power systems in the future are expected to be characterized by an increasing penetration of renewable energy sources systems. To achieve the ambitious goals of the “clean energy transition”, energy storage is a key factor, needed in power system design and operation as well as power-to-heat, allowing more flexibility linking the power networks and the heating/cooling demands. Thermochemical systems coupled to power-to-heat are receiving an increasing attention due to their better performance in comparison with sensible and latent heat storage technologies, in particular, in terms of storage time dynamics and energy density. In this work, a comprehensive review of the state of art of theoretical, experimental and numerical studies available in literature on thermochemical thermal energy storage systems and their use in power-to-heat applications is presented with a focus on applications with renewable energy sources. The paper shows that a series of advantages such as additional flexibility, load management, power quality, continuous power supply and a better use of variable renewable energy sources could be crucial elements to increase the commercial profitability of these storage systems. Moreover, specific challenges, i.e., life span and stability of storage material and high cost of power-to-heat/thermochemical systems must be taken in consideration to increase the technology readiness level of this emerging concept of energy systems integration.
Multi-view city-based approach for code-smell evolution visualisation

Code smells are indicators of inappropriate and possibly harmful design decisions that could lead to issues in the comprehensibility and maintainability of software systems. To avoid such quality complications, understanding the presence and prioritising the removal of code smells are required. This study presents a visualisation approach to help better understanding the evolutional characteristics of code smells presented in the different versions of the software system. The core of the visualisation approach is the metaphor of buildings and building blocks. An overall framework for detecting, categorising and visualising code smells is proposed. Three types of code smells were considered in this study. The considered code smells are God Class, Long Method and Type Checking. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by evaluating several versions of an open-source java software and visualising the detected code smells. Additionally, a pilot experimental study is conducted to empirically assure the usefulness of the proposed visualisations.