Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Arrested Implosion The collapse of a trapped ultracold magnetic gas is arrested by quantum fluctuations , creating quantum droplets of superfluid atoms

M acroscopic implosions of quantum matter waves have now been halted by quantum fluctuations. The quantum wave in question is an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a quantum state with thousands to tens of millions of atoms in an ultracold gas all sharing the same macroscopic wave function. Attractive atomic interactions can cause BECs to collapse in spectacular ways, in what’s been termed a “bosenova,” a lighthearted allusion to a supernova explosion [1]. Tilman Pfau and colleagues from the University of Stuttgart, Germany, have shown that for BECs made of dysprosium, whose bosonic isotopes are among the most magnetic atoms in the periodic table, long-range dipoledipole interactions between these neutral atoms create a totally new phenomenon: the arrested collapse of a quantum magnetic fluid, called a quantum ferrofluid [2, 3]. Such a ferrofluid relies crucially on the strong dipolar interactions in the dysprosium gas. This attractive dipolar interaction can be nearly balanced by the repulsive, short-range van der Waals “contact” interaction, halting the implosion and allowing quantum fluctuations to stabilize a new quantum state. Quantum droplets arise, each containing hundreds of atoms in a superfluid state. Dipolar interactions among the droplets induce a lattice-like ordering into the system, creating a mesoscopic superfluid crystal (Fig. 1).
Modelling shallow landslide susceptibility by means of a subsurface flow path connectivity index and estimates of soil depth spatial distribution

Topographic index-based hydrological models have gained wide use to describe the hydrological control on the triggering of rainfall-induced shallow landslides at the catchment scale. A common assumption in these models is that a spatially continuous water table occurs simultaneously across the catchment. However, during a rainfall event isolated patches of subsurface saturation form above an impeding layer and their hydrological connectivity is a necessary condition for lateral flow initiation at a point on the hillslope. Here, a new hydrological model is presented, which allows us to account for the concept of hydrological connectivity while keeping the simplicity of the topographic index approach. A dynamic topographic index is used to describe the transient lateral flow that is established at a hillslope element when the rainfall amount exceeds a threshold value allowing for (a) development of a perched water table above an impeding layer, and (b) hydrological connectivity between the hillslope element and its own upslope contributing area. A spatially variable soil depth is the main control of hydrological connectivity in the model. The hydrological model is coupled with the infinite slope stability model and with a scaling model for the rainfall frequency–duration relationship to determine the return period of the critical rainfall needed to cause instability on three catchments located in the Italian Alps, where a survey of soil depth spatial distribution is available. The model is compared with a quasi-dynamic model in which the dynamic nature of the hydrological connectivity is neglected. The results show a better performance of the new model in predicting observed shallow landslides, implying that soil depth spatial variability and connectivity bear a significant control on shallow landsliding.
The Economic Effects of Christian Moralities * * Abstract

This article examines the different influences that Catholicism and Protestantism exert on economically relevant values. It argues that Catholic theology and practice facilitate personal transactions while Protestantism favors values and types of moral and legal enforcement better adapted for impersonal trade. Protestantism may thus be more conducive to economic growth through anonymous exchange while Catholicism may provide better support for personal contracting. Several components of this hypothesis are confirmed using statistical models with data from the 1998 ISSP international survey on religion. These show that Protestants are more trusting of anonymous counter parties, develop more reliable institutions for legal enforcement and are more willing to spend resources on monitoring and punishing other members of the community. Catholicism is more protective of the family and smallgroup relationships, and provides more tolerant and less motivating beliefs. Relatively smaller and less consistent differences appear in terms of worldly personal success and incentives. JEL Classification: D23, E0, N4, O39, Z1
SIMULATION OF NON-VOLATILE MOS MEMORY USING Si QUANTUM DOT WITH Ge CORE AS ELECTRONICS STORAGE NODE

The MOS memory using Si quantum dot with Ge core as a floating gate has been discussed and improved. The major concern of using Ge core cladding by Si nanocrystals is to enhance the carrier confinement effect since the energy gap of Ge is narrower than that of Si, a compound well could be formed in the center of the dot and the charge could be stored mainly in the side of Ge core. As the result, the retention time could be increase significantly without deteriorating the writing/erasing speed. The simulation shows that the flash memory with the dot size of 9-12nm in diameter possesses a retention time up to 10 9 or about ten years with a 2nm-thick tunnel oxide, while the writing and erasing time is at the order of μs which is similar to that of the memory based on pure Si quantum dot. Moreover, cladding Ge by Si nanocrystal allows us to keep the good Si-SiO2 interface instead of poor Ge-Oxide interface.
Cognitive and Evolutionary Approaches to Religion

David Hume’s The Natural History of Religion (1976) is probably the best known intellectual ancestor of recent cognitive and evolutionary approaches to religion. These projects share an interest in the origins and forms of religiosity and a broadly naturalistic methodological orientation that inspires caution, if not outright abstemiousness, with regard to related m etaphysical and epistemological issues. They also all look to features of the mind as the most important proximate explanatory consideration when accounting for the recurrence of religion among human populations. Contemporary approaches, however, differ from Hume’s work in two respects. They take advantage of significant scientific developments and the explanatory resources that have arisen since Hume’s time, and, consequently, they are usually less concerned with the rational status of religious beliefs and actions. Their methods are scientific and their interests are solely explanatory. Therefore, they remain noncommittal with regard to the array of metaphysical assumptions in which religions and their believers r outinely traffic, and they accord no privilege to religious knowledge claims or r eligious “ways of knowing. ” Logically, those positions are born of these fields’ methodological naturalism (not of some collective antipathy to religion). Certainly, some scholars (Dawkins 2006; Dennett 2006) employ these fields’ explanatory proposals and research as part of a larger argument against religion, but more premises than either the cognitive or evolutionary approaches to religion can supply are required for compelling arguments against many religious claims. Nothing in principle or in practice bars people with religious convictions from either contributing to these fields or, of course, making use of these fields’ findings as they will. Arguably, evidence from cognitive and evolutionary research about religions generally appears to support the contention that the methodological, epistemological, and metaphysical caution of naturalistic approaches to religion will prove incompatible with the claims of
Coherent combination of slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers

A long-standing challenge for semiconductor lasers is scaling the optical power and brightness of many diode lasers by coherent beam combination. Because single-mode semiconductor lasers have limited power available from a single element, there is a strong motivation to coherently combine the outputs of many elements for applications including industrial lasers for materials processing, free space optical communications, and defense. Despite the fact that such a coherently-combined source is potentially the most efficient laser, coherent combination of semiconductor lasers is generally considered to be difficult, since precise phase control is required between elements. We describe our approach to coherent combination of semiconductor lasers. The Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Laser (SCOWL), invented at Lincoln Laboratory, is used as the single-mode diode laser element for coherent combination. With a 10-element SCOWL array, coherently combined output power as high as 7 W in continuous wave using an external cavity has been demonstrated, which is the highest output level achieved using a coherent array of semiconductor lasers. We are currently working on a related approach to scale the coherent power up to 100 W.
O A ] 5 M ay 2 01 6 APPROXIMATION PROPERTIES FOR LOCALLY COMPACT QUANTUM GROUPS

This is a survey of some aspects of the subject of approximation properties for locally compact quantum groups, based on lectures given at the Topological Quantum Groups Graduate School, 28 June 11 July, 2015 in Bed lewo, Poland. We begin with a study of the dual notions of amenability and co-amenability, and then consider weakenings of these properties in the form of the Haagerup property and weak amenability. For discrete quantum groups, the interaction between these properties and various operator algebra approximation properties are investigated. We also study the connection between central approximation properties for discrete quantum groups and monoidal equivalence for their compact duals. We finish by discussing the central weak amenability and central Haagerup property for free quantum groups.
A prospective study of the k-factor Gegenbauer processes with heteroscedastic errors and an application to inflation rates

We investigate some statistical properties of the new k-factor Gegenbauer process with heteroscedastic noises One of the goals of the paper is to give tools which permit to use this model to explain the behaviour of certain data sets in finance and in macroeconomics. Monte Carlo experiments are provided to calibrate the theoretical properties. Applications on consumer price indexes and inflation rates are done;
Dependant Coating for Microfluidics Devices

The layer-by-layer technique was used to coat the channels of PDMS microfluidics devices. The coating was based on the sequential deposition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) with a copolymer of polystyrene sulfonate and maleic acid (CoPSS-Maleic) into polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM). The possible deposition of PEM coating on PDMS was confirm by contact angle which showed the clear transformation of the PDMS surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The later deposition of the PEM coating inside the micro-channels was confirmed by change in electroosmotic flow direction (EOF) and intensity as a function of the number of deposited layers. The EOF measurements revealed that after the deposition of only 2 layers, the flow direction and intensity already reached its maximum value oscillating between –2.5x10 cm/V.S and 4.1x10 cm/V.S as a function of the positive or negative top layers of the coating. The changes in EOF value as a function the pH in the solution were also investigated. The intensity of the electroosmotic flow was influenced by the pH of the solution, which affects the charge density at the surface of the PEM coating. This property can be used to tune the separation resolution, which is the missing parameter in uncoated PDMS chip.
The Cosmological Constant Puzzle: Vacuum Energies from QCD to Dark Energy

The accelerating expansion of the Universe points to a small positive vacuum energy density and negative vacuum pressure. A strong candidate is the cosmological constant in Einstein’s equations of General Relativity. The vacuum dark energy density extracted from astrophysics is 10 56 times smaller than the value expected from the Higgs potential in Standard Model particle physics. The dark energy scale is however close to the range of possible values expected for the light neutrino mass. We investigate this physics in a simple toy model where the chirality of the neutrino is treated by analogy as an Ising-like “spin” degree of freedom.
Identifying Resort Tourism Market Segments Based on Visitor Demographics: A Study

This paper reports the findings of a study conducted in Goa, India, with the objective of segmenting resort visitors based on demographics. Four distinguishable segments are identified: relaxing regulars, tasters, honeymooners and exploring novices. Noticeably, these segments also provide vital insights into resort tourist motivation. Differences among the segments are identified and recommendations for resort marketing are provided.
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: Clinical Perspectives

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumour which arises from the adrenal cortex with diverse clinical manifestations due to excessive hormone production, with Cushing’s syndrome and virilisation being the most common features. The diagnosis of ACC relies on clinical, hormonal, and imaging features before surgery and pathological examination after tumour removal. Pathological assessment of Weiss score and the Ki-67 labelling index play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis. The tumour, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) classification, established by the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) is used for staging. Currently, complete surgical resection is the only treatment option for ACC that has a curative intent, with no reported difference in overall recurrence or mortality between open and laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Mitotane is used as an adjuvant therapy after surgery for high-risk patients and as primary treatment for unresectable and advanced cases; however, it has a narrow therapeutic index and regular blood monitoring is essential. The role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in ACC is unclear with limited studies and varying results. To date, trials which have been conducted for novel agents revealed disappointing results. Currently, trials are underway for agents targeting steroidogenic factor-1, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt signalling pathways, as well as inhibitors of acetyl-coA cholesterol acetyltransferase 1. Unfortunately, ACC has an aggressive natural course with high recurrence rate, and a reported 10-year survival of 7% after treatment.
Star Polymer-Drug Conjugates with pH-Controlled Drug Release and Carrier Degradation

In this study, we describe the design, synthesis, and physicochemical and preliminary biological characteristics of new biodegradable, high-molecular-weight (HMW) drug delivery systems with star-like architectures bearing the cytotoxic drug doxorubicin (DOX) attached by a hydrazone bond-containing spacer. The star polymers were synthesized by grafting semitelechelic N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers on a 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid- (bis-MPA-) based polyester dendritic core. The molecular weight of the star polymers ranged from 280 to 450 000źg/mol and could be adjusted by proper selection of the bis-MPA dendrimer generation and by considering the polymer to dendrimer molar ratio. The biodegradation of the polymer conjugates is based on the spontaneous slow hydrolysis of the dendritic core in neutral physiological conditions. Hydrazone spacers in the conjugates were fairly stable at neutral pH (7.4) mimicking blood stream conditions, and DOX was released from the conjugates under mild acidic conditions simulating the tumor cell microenvironment in endosomes and lysosomes (pH 5). Finally, we have shown the significant in vitro cytotoxicity of the star polymer-DOX conjugate on selected cancer cell lines with IC50 values almost comparable with that of the free drug and higher than that observed for a linear polymer-DOX conjugate with much lower molecular weight.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW COST MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR RADIATED EMISSION EVALUATION

In this paper, a low cost measurement system with high accuracy for radiated emission evaluation has been proposed. By combining the test data of the current probe at difierent positions on the harness, the measurement accuracy is improved compared with conventional single probe method. For the sake of high accuracy, a transfer function is built to map the relationship between anechoic chamber method and current probe method. Based on experiments for evaluation, the flnal estimation of radiated emission agrees well with the measured results in anechoic chamber. For the cases tested, the difierence between the current probe method and the anechoic chamber method is less than 3dB.
How does plant richness affect pollinator richness and temporal stability of flower visits

Pollinators play a key role in the reproduction of most plant species, and pollinator and plant diversity are often related. We studied an experimental gradient of plant species richness for a better understanding of plantpollinator community interactions and their temporal variability, because in non-experimental field surveys plant richness is often confounded with gradients in management, soil fertility, and community composition. We observed pollinator species richness and frequency of visits six times in 73 plots over two years, and used advanced statistical analysis to account for the high number of zeroes that often occur in count data of rare species. The frequency of pollinator visits increased linearly with both the blossom cover and the number of flowering plant species, which was closely related to the total number of plant species, whereas the number of pollinator species followed a saturation curve. The presence of particularly attractive plant species was only important for the frequency of flower visits, but not to the richness of pollinators. Plant species richness, blossom cover, and the presence of attractive plant species enhanced the temporal stability in the frequency of pollinator visits. In conclusion, grasslands with high plant diversity enhance and stabilize frequent and diverse flower visitations, which should sustain effective pollination and plant reproduction.
Identification and Analysis of Agricultural Externalities (A Valuation Methodology on Examples)

The agriculture and rural areas perform a new function which requires the delivery of public goods to the society. In turn, a comprehensive identification and analysis of agricultural externalities (external economies) involves a need for developing a dedicated valuation methodology. This paper presents the assumptions of the public goods theory and puts them in the context of agriculture. The study focuses on analyzing the valuation methods for external economies, and proposes a methodology for the valuation of some illustrative positive externalities of agricultural production and of natural environment resources regarded as public goods (the agri-tourist value of a farm and the value of a natural waterhole).
Sustainable management of urban watersheds: a system-of-systems approach

There is growing recognition of the need for a systems approach when evaluating sustainability. This arises because of the need to integrate or couple a wide range of systems, including, for example, water, energy, air, land, climate, agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining and resource extraction, transportation, urban environment, human health, natural ecosystems, as well as other economic and social systems. We illustrate the development of the proposed common framework using the Occoquan watershed model as the first in a series of modules, and emphasizing environmental aspects of sustainability. We concentrate on orientors and indicators that relate to water quantity or quality, and their effects on human systems and ecosystems. The essential features of the process level watershed model are up-scaled to the systems level where an appropriately scaled set of orientors and indicators are used to assess and enhance environmental sustainability. The development of a unifying approach for assessing and enhancing sustainability is a daunting challenge that may take decades, but the goal of achieving sustainability will itself play out over similar timescales, and much could be gained by working toward a common interdisciplinary framework.
A Prospectus for Research on the Agricultural Potential of the South

The South plays an important role in American agriculture in that it is a major supplier of several commodities. However, due to relatively low yields, the region is a marginal producer of some important farm commodities grown in the United States. Given this constraint, the South still offers the greatest potential for expansion of agricultural output of any region in the country. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate this assertion. A rather broad perspective with implications for future research is provided.
Liquid Infiltration of Porous Calcium Hydroxide Solid for Synthesizing Bulk Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials

Bulk calcium phosphate biomaterials without sintering were synthesized at room temperature by infiltrating various orthophosphate aqueous solutions into a porous Ca(OH)2 green powder compact. These orthophosphate aqueous solutions were prepared from a different ratio of Ca(OH)2/H3PO4 up to pH=12. The infiltrated specimens did not show any shape or dimension changes at a lower concentration of H3PO4 or a liquid with pH>2. When the liquid contained some supersaturated solids or precipitates, the infiltrated specimens showed their reacted phases at the surface similar to these supersaturated precipitates, which were Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O (MCPM), CaHPO4∙2H2O (DCPD), or Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2 (HA) as pH was increasing. Under a liquid infiltration with a lower concentration of H3PO4 liquid, a functional graded calcium orthophosphate composite was observed. Furthermore, relationships among processing factors like pH plus impurities and liquid concentration, phase formation, and microstructure of infiltrated specimens were discussed in detail.
One Constraint to Kill Them All?

As we have discussed in Sect. 1.3. 4, there are many intriguing anomalies in the Open image in new window quark sector, for which a variety of possible classes of new physics model have been proposed. However, any new Open image in new window -coupling immediately gives tree-level contributions to Open image in new window mixing, which is strongly constrained by experiment.
Mobile workers’ Boundary Work: The Fluidity of Time, Space and Objects

We examine the configurations of the boundary management tactics of time, space and sociomateriality at the behavioural level as they are shaped by and contribute to the boundary management strategies of segmentation and integration at the conceptual level. Theoretically the paper is framed by boundary theory and sociomateriality, methodologically it employs a qualitative approach. Our analysis focuses on the temporal, spatial and sociomaterial practices that mobile workers use to distinguish between work and nonwork as well as their conceptual preferences for segmentation or integration. Some research participants’ accounts indicate congruence between the conceptual and behavioural levels, but others report a variety of segmenting and integrating behaviours despite showing a conceptual preference for segmentation or integration. These research participants do so as part of their everyday boundary work; there is little indication of struggle in their accounts. We contribute to knowledge by identifying the fluid configurations of boundary management tactics within a boundary management strategy.