Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON EMPLOYABILIY AND WORK ETHIC, AND THE ROLE OF TERTIARY EDUCATORS ON GRADUATES PREPAREDNESS IN BOTSWANA

Botswana, though rated as one of the poorest countries in Africa at independence, has through fiscal discipline and sound management, transformed herself to a middle-income country. However, she remains largely dependent on diamond, hence the need to diversify through among others the creation of skilled workforce. In the GCR2013-2014, 2 out of the top 4 factors identified as the most problematic factors for doing business in thecountry were poor work ethic in national labour force (for the sixth consecutive year) andinadequately educated workforce. Poor work ethic in Botswana can be traced from as far back as during colonial time and has persisted up to date. According to Kartha, D. (2012), culture encompasses among others, attitude, beliefs and values, all of which impacts deeply on one’s attitude toward life and work. One of the goals of education is to prepare young people to participate in paid work as employees or self-employed. However the education programme in Botswana has been criticized as weak in terms of among others “less relevant for the labour market". NDP10 identifies the challenge of training high quality graduates with skills relevant to the country’s economic and social development and ability to compete in global labour markets. Hence there is urgent need to re-look the educators’ role in equipping graduates with the necessary employability skills and work ethic.
A Comparison of Car Sharing Organizational Models: An Analysis of Feasible Efficiency Increase through a Centralized Model

Car sharing seems to have the necessary characteristics to compete in the fulfilment of the gap between mobility offer and demand at international level considering that an offer exclusively based on collective transport systems is not appropriate to satisfy some of the modern transport needs. Nevertheless it is only after the system reaches an economic equilibrium that it will be possible to include car sharing between the new travelling modes provided to the community without aggravating the already exhausted public finances devoted to mobility. In this sense, this work focuses on the organizational model and particularly on its possible efficiency derived from a transition from the current model made of autonomous Local Units to a centralized model. Therefore the main goal of this work is that of evaluating if the centralization of some service costs and a different organizational structure could create cost reduction with the scope of improving the economic equilibrium conditions. This work shows, through a summary of the main international organizational models and an analysis of the Italian case, how the car sharing system can be managed without public contribution (or with contributions devoted only to the start-up phase) and determine an entrepreneurial reality in the case of the development of a centralized organization and avoiding the presence of a plurality of small local operators. It is therefore desirable that the new car sharing operative realities and the already existing ones with a decentralized nature evolve from a fragmented and local organizational phase towards a more mature phase where there a only a few operators or a unique operator in the market. After a review of the main European models of car sharing organization, the attention is placed on the Italian organizational model and particularly on the possible efficiency increase derived from the transition from the current model organized in different Organizational Local Units (one for each city where the service is active) towards a centralized model. The main goal of the study is then to evaluate in which degree the centralization of some service and structure costs and a centralized organizational structure could provide significant cost containments with the scope of improving the economic equilibrium conditions and to allow a development of an alternative mobility system to that of the private vehicles.
Approaches to evaluate and develop health risk-based standards using available data

Information on the dose-response relationship of waterborne and foodborne enteric pathogens is an important component in any consideration of the health risks that may be associated with wastewater, sludge or excreta reuse for food-crop production. The three main sources of information on dose-response relationships are: human challenge studies, animal studies and outbreak investigations. Doseresponse information on four representative enteric pathogens (Norwalk virus, E. coli O157:H7, Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides) is presented as examples. In addition to dose-response information, the application of quantitative microbial risk assessment to examine the potential health risks associated with the consumption of food crops irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with biosolids requires information on several factors. These are transmission pathways, occurrence (frequency and concentration) of pathogens in wastewater and biosolids, persistence of pathogen viability or infectivity in the environment and on the food crops, and crop consumption (amount and frequency). Assessments of the risks of Giardia and Ascaris infection associated with food crops in several scenarios are presented and illustrate how WHO Guidelines and pathogen reduction measures (such as produce-washing) may have a significant or negligible impact on reducing the risks of infection associated with food crops irrigated or fertilized with wastewater and biosolids. 64 RISKS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Resolving Performance Conflicts In New Wind Turbine Blade Designs

This paper considers the various conflicts that arise in designing a wind turbine blade which satisfies the needs for enhanced structural performance and effective lightning protection whilst simultaneously providing a low radar cross section. Some novel materials solutions to these three problems are presented and empirical data will be used to develop routes to optimising the various properties provided. A key factor will be the ability to incorporate any potential solution within a low cost manufacturing system without introducing any significant weight penalty to the final manufactured blade. This work was funded by EPSRC under its Supergen initiative.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN -POLYANILINE COPOLYMER IN PRESENCE OF AMMONIUM PERSULFATE AS INITIATOR

Chemical grafting of Polyaniline (PAni) and chitosan (CS) as has been carried out with formaldehyde as grafting agent and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. For this reason aniline monomers were copolymerized with chitosan and were chemically polymerized. The synthesized copolymer was Characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) techniques.
Comparison of hourly surface downwelling solar radiation estimated from MSG–SEVIRI and forecast by the RAMS model with pyranometers over Italy

Abstract. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two global horizontal solar irradiance (GHI) estimates, one derived from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and another from the 1-day forecast of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) mesoscale model. The horizontal resolution of the MSG-GHI is 3 × 5 km2 over Italy, which is the focus area of this study. For this paper, RAMS has the horizontal resolution of 4 km. The performances of the MSG-GHI estimate and RAMS-GHI 1-day forecast are evaluated for 1 year (1 June 2013–31 May 2014) against data of 12 ground-based pyranometers over Italy spanning a range of climatic conditions, i.e. from maritime Mediterranean to Alpine climate. Statistics for hourly GHI and daily integrated GHI are presented for the four seasons and the whole year for all the measurement sites. Different sky conditions are considered in the analysis Results for hourly data show an evident dependence on the sky conditions, with the root mean square error (RMSE) increasing from clear to cloudy conditions. The RMSE is substantially higher for Alpine stations in all the seasons, mainly because of the increase of the cloud coverage for these stations, which is not well represented at the satellite and model resolutions. Considering the yearly statistics computed from hourly data for the RAMS model, the RMSE ranges from 152 W m−2 (31 %) obtained for Cozzo Spadaro, a maritime station, to 287 W m−2 (82 %) for Aosta, an Alpine site. Considering the yearly statistics computed from hourly data for MSG-GHI, the minimum RMSE is for Cozzo Spadaro (71 W m−2, 14 %), while the maximum is for Aosta (181 W m−2, 51 %). The mean bias error (MBE) shows the tendency of RAMS to over-forecast the GHI, while no specific behaviour is found for MSG-GHI. Results for daily integrated GHI show a lower RMSE compared to hourly GHI evaluation for both RAMS-GHI 1-day forecast and MSG-GHI estimate. Considering the yearly evaluation, the RMSE of daily integrated GHI is at least 9 % lower (in percentage units, from 31 to 22 % for RAMS in Cozzo Spadaro) than the RMSE computed for hourly data for each station. A partial compensation of underestimation and overestimation of the GHI contributes to the RMSE reduction. Furthermore, a post-processing technique, namely model output statistics (MOS), is applied to improve the GHI forecast at hourly and daily temporal scales. The application of MOS shows an improvement of RAMS-GHI forecast, which depends on the site considered, while the impact of MOS on MSG-GHI RMSE is small.
Habitat selection by roe deer and sheep: does habitat ranking reflect resource availability?

Habitat ranking is often assumed to reflect food availability, but habitat selection may involve trade-offs, for example, between selecting for food or cover. We tested whether the habitat selection of 27 radio-collared European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 10 free-ranging domestic sheep (Ovis aries) on a forest range in southern Norway reflected resource availability. We predicted that ruminants of different feeding types would use habitats according to the main forage class, but that antipredator behavior might remove the correlation between habitat selection and food availability, thus making temporal and spatial scaling crucial. As predicted, habitat selection by sheep was highly correlated with grass availability on both the home-range and study-area scales. The habitat ranking of roe deer habitat selection did not correlate with the availability of herbs on either scale, but rather was correlated with the availability of canopy cover. We found a clear effect of temporal scale on habitat selection by roe deer. During summer, roe deer used forest habitats with more forage to a greater extent when they were active than when they were inactive, and tended to use habitats with greater availability of herbs at night. We conclude that scale-dependent trade-offs in habitat selection may cause inconsistent habitat rankings when pooled across temporal and spatial scales. Resume : On assume generalement que le rang de preference d'un habitat reflete la disponibilite de la nourriture qui s'y trouve, alors que la selection d'un habitat suppose sans doute souvent des compromis, par exemple entre le choix de nourriture et la couverture. Nous avons suivi 27 Chevreuils (Capreolus capreolus) munis d'un collier emetteur et
Dictionary Italian Sign Language-Italian

This paper presents the design of e-LIS (Electronic Bilingual Dictionary Italian Sign Language (LIS) Italian), an ongoing research project at the European Academy of Bolzano started in 2004. It is the first attempt to build a sign-language reference dictionary that contains definitions and examples in the sign language itself and which offers a search engine that guides the user in the process of reconstructing and retrieving the sign he is looking for. Thus, not only can users go from Italian to LIS, but also from LIS to Italian.
Buckets and Jumping Pets

Consider the following question. Given two unmarked buckets of capacities 3 and 5 liters, how can we obtain exactly 1 liter of water from an inexhaustible well? The answer is to fill the 3-liter bucket first and empty it into the other bucket. Then, refill the 3-liter bucket from the well and use it to completely fill the other one, leaving the 1 liter desired. This problem is one of a famous category of “decanting” problems that have always appealed to a wide audience, including recreational mathematicians and computer scientists. Similar problems have found valuable applications in the analysis and teaching of algorithmic techniques, typifying many of the difficulties involved in the design of goal-oriented strategies. In the problem of the buckets, it is easy to show that if we have buckets of capacities a and b liters, and we start with both empty, the problem is solvable if and only if a and b are coprime. If this is the case, we have several ways to proceed. Each of them can be described by a sequence of ordered pairs accounting for the states through which we pass at each step towards our goal. Consider for instance, one of the shortest sequences that solves the problem for capacities 2 and 5: {{0, 0}, {0, 5}, {2, 3}, {0, 3}, {2, 1}}.
Circular-to-planar transformations of high-perveance electron beams by asymmetric solenoid lenses

The generation and transport of planar electron beams is a topic of increasing interest for applications to high-power, high-frequency microwave devices. This paper describes the use of solenoid lenses with elliptical pole apertures to transform a circular high-perveance beam to a planar configuration. The resulting transformation system has a short axial length and is easily fabricated. Furthermore, the approach allows use of a conventional electron gun. We designed lenses and simulated the dynamics of a beam system to drive a 95 GHz, traveling-wave tube experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The three-dimensional self-consistent calculations indicate that a $0.5\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{perv}$ beam can be compressed to a height of less than 0.5 mm with sufficiently low emittance for transport through periodic-permanent-magnet or wiggler arrays.
Swine as a model of experimental atherosclerosis

In Western countries, lifestyle changes in the past century are considered to be a major factor in obesity and related diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between disorders of lipid metabolism and atherogenesis, many animal species have been tested. The most commonly used are laboratory animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and pigeons. However, the pig is a considered a very good model of human atherosclerosis, because it is similar to humans in terms of body size and other physiological features, including its tendency to overeat. Even though there is no perfect animal model that completely replicates human atherosclerosis, the pig seems to be a promising subject for exploring the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis (Adv Clin Exp Med 2011, 20, 2, 211–215).
European precipitation connections with large-scale mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) fields

Abstract To advance understanding of hydroclimatological processes, this paper links spatiotemporal variability in gridded European precipitation and large-scale mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) time series (1957–2002) using monthly concurrent correlation. Strong negative (positive) correlation near Iceland and (the Azores) is apparent for precipitation in northwest Europe, confirming a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) association. An opposing pattern is found for southwest Europe, and the Mediterranean in winter. In the lee of mountains, MSLP correlation is lower reflecting reduced influence of westerlies on precipitation generation. Importantly, European precipitation is shown to be controlled by physically interpretable climate patterns that change in extent and position from month to month. In spring, MSLP–precipitation correlation patterns move and shrink, reaching a minimum in summer, before expanding in the autumn, and forming an NAO-like dipole in winter. These space–time shifts in correlation regions explain why fixed-point NAO indices have limited ability to resolve precipitation for some European locations and seasons. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor A. Montanari Citation Lavers, D. , Prudhomme, C. , and Hannah, D.M. , 2013. European precipitation connections with large-scale mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) fields. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (2), 310–327.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making

This article challenges the often un- tested assumption that cognitive "heuristics" improve the decision- making abilities of everyday voters. The potential benefits and costs of five common political heuristics are discussed. A new dynamic process- tracing methodology is employed to directly observe the use of these five heuristics by voters in a mock presi- dential election campaign. We find that cognitive heuristics are at times employed by almost all voters and that they are particularly likely to be used when the choice situation facing voters is complex. A hypothesized
The structure of natural Douglas-fir forests in Western Washington and Western Oregon.

The structure of 5 natural Douglas-fir stands, located on relatively good sites within the Tsuga heterophylla zone in western Washington and western Oregon, was analysed in 1984. Stand ages ranged from 50 to 1000 years. Vertical diagrams and crown projection maps were used to identify developmental phases. The results were presented in such a way that the spatial coherence between the forest components was maintained, while describing the characteristics of trees, eco-units and the forest mosaic for each plot in detail. From the results general developmental trends were deduced. The structure of natural Douglasfir forests appeared to be very heterogeniously and diversified in all developmental phases.
Gray-to-Blue-to-Violet Hydrogen-Rich Diamonds from The Argyle Mine, Australia

of these spectral characteristics for H-rich diamonds in general, including the HGBV color group (Fritsch et al., 2007a). All these studies showed that the IR spectra—of all the color groups of H-rich diamonds—are dominated by H-related peaks, and suggested that their UV-Vis spectra may be influenced by the relatively high H content. Photoluminescence (PL) optical characterization (Iakoubovskii and Adriaenssens, 2002) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements (Noble et al., 1998) of HGBV diamonds have been performed as well; these studies revealed nickel defects that may also influence their color. The present article describes gemological observations and a focused spectroscopic (UV-Vis, IR, and PL) and DiamondView imaging study of 20 HGBV diamonds. We describe how these data characterize GRAY-TO-BLUE-TO-VIOLET HYDROGEN-RICH DIAMONDS FROM THE ARGYLE MINE, AUSTRALIA
Genetic Variation within Iranian Iris Species Using Morphological Traits

Iris belongs toIridaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Iris is one of the important ornamental and medicinal plants. 34 iris genotypes (14 species) collected from different provinces of Iran were planted at National Institute of Ornamental Plants (NIOP) Iran. All of the species evaluated for 15 quantitative traits and 30 qualitative traits. Results showed that the highest positive correlation was between inner tepal length and width and the lowest of this correlation was between crest length and width. Cluster analysis using Ward similarity coefficient divided Iris species into three clusters. Also the highest Nei’s genetic distance based on qualitative traits was between I. iberica and I. fosterana and the lowest was between I. germanica and I. paradoxa. The maximum genetic diversity was in Khorasan Razavi populations, and the minimum was in Khorasan (North). According to Shannon index, I. spuria and I. germanica species had the maximum level of genetic diversity. Cluster analysis according to qualitative traits by Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA classified the 34 genotypes into four groups. Classification of populations based on quantitative traits was not similar to classification based on qualitative traits and they were not similar to geographical distribution.
Localization Analysis of Natural Toxin of Solanum tuberosum L. via Mass Spectrometric Imaging

The use of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) revealed the localization of a-solanine and a-chaconine as natural toxins for Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. ). The content of Potato glycoalkaloids, a-solanine and a-chaconine, were quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-based tandem mass spectrometry (MS) could determine a-solanine and a-chaconine from raw potato extraction and section. After budbreak, a-solanine and a-chaconine were produced and localized at periderm and germ compared with that before budbreak. At germ region, these glycoalkaloids did not exist whole germ region but eccentrically localize at germ surface and central region. The amount of a-chaconine was twofold higher than a-solanine at periderm. At germ region, there was no difference between these toxins.
Meteorology and oceanography of the Northern Gulf of Alaska

The Gulf of Alaska shelf is dominated by the Alaska Coastal current (ACC), which is forced by along-shore winds and large freshwater runoff. Strong cyclonic winds dominate from fall through spring, and substantial runoff occurs from late spring through fall with annual distributed freshwater discharge greater than that of the Mississippi River. We examine the ACC from Icy Bay to Unimak Pass, a distance of over 1500 km. Over this distance, the ACC is a nearly continuous feature with a marked freshwater core. The annual mean transport, as measured from current meters, is approximately 1.0 10m s 1 along the Kenai Peninsula, with transport decreasing as the ACC travels westward. Even though the coastal GOA is a predominately downwelling system, it supports a productive ecosystem. Macro nutrients from the basin are provided to the coastal system through a number of processes including topographic steering, eddies, upwelling in response to horizontal shear in the barrier jets, and during winter the on-shelf flux in the surface Ekman layer. Micronutrients (e.g., iron) are supplied from mechanisms such as resuspension of shelf sediments and river discharge. While strong seasonal cycles and interannual variability are dominant scales in atmospheric forcing and the oceanic response, there is also forcing on ENSO and decadal time scales. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Background paper of the task force on major diseases and access to medicine, subgroup on malaria

Note to the reader The Background Paper provides a preliminary overview of existing knowledge and scopes out the questions addressed by this Task Force. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations contained herein should be considered as very preliminary as they are likely to evolve as the Task Force works toward its final report at the end of 2004. Comments and suggestions are welcome. Please cite this paper as ”Background Paper of the Millennium Project Task Force on Major Diseases and Access to Medicine, Subgroup on Malaria”.