Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial discharge characteristics of uniform gap in oil-impregnated paper insulation under switching impulse voltage

In comparison with the AC and DC working voltages, the effect of switching impulse voltage on insulation is very different because of its fast-rising rate and large amplitude. This paper mainly focuses on the characteristics of PD in oil-impregnated paper insulation under switching impulse voltage. First, a robust experimental platform was set up including the impulse power source, test samples with uniform gas and oil gap, and the signal acquisition and processing system. PD characteristics in the air and oil gap are analyzed and compared involving the time-domain waveforms, the variation tendency of the average amplitude and numbers of PD pulses, the occurrence time and the instantaneous value of impulse corresponding to the first PD. Based on the dielectric barrier discharge (filament) theory, a parallel microcircuit model was established to explain the similarities and dissimilarities, and to evaluate the gap discharge intensity. The occurrence and development of PD under switching impulse voltage of typical oil-impregnated paper defect were studied systematically with simulation, experiments, and modeling.
Complete Genome Sequences of Influenza A/H1N1 Strains Isolated from Patients during the 2013-2014 Epidemic Season in Finland

ABSTRACT Here, we report 40 complete genome sequences of influenza A/H1N1 strains isolated from 33 nonhospitalized and 7 hospitalized patients during the 2013-2014 epidemic season in Finland. An analysis of the aligned sequences revealed no oseltamivir-resistant genotypes. As a whole, the recent viruses have drifted from the prototype A/California/7/2009 virus by ca. 1.3%.
Isolation of H5 Avian Influenza Viruses from Waterfowl in the Upper Midwest Region of the United States

Abstract In recent years, the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) has become an important zoonotic pathogen. The surveillance of AIV in its natural host, the waterfowl, is crucial to monitoring and controlling the disease in poultry and other species. In this study, we report on the isolation of H5 AIV from cloacal swabs of waterfowl captured in Minnesota and South Dakota. We screened a total of 7260 cloacal samples from waterfowl using matrix gene–directed, real-time reverse transcription–(rRT-PCR) and H5-specific rRT-PCR and found 148 samples to be positive for the H5 subtype. On inoculation of 71 of these samples in embryonated chicken eggs, 25 samples yielded H5 AIV. On subtyping with N-specific primers, we detected a mixture of subtypes in 15 isolates. Molecular pathotyping confirmed the isolated H5 subtypes to be low pathogenicity avian influenza. Continuation of AIV surveillance programs should help in understanding the epidemiology and ecology of AIV.
Management of Osteoporosis in Spine Surgery

Osteoporosis is a burgeoning clinical problem that is characterized by decreased bone strength and density. It predisposes patients to fragility fractures and debilitating spine deformities. Several complications are associated with spine surgery in patients with osteoporosis, and there is currently no treatment algorithm to guide the spine surgeon. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment of patients with osteoporosis and spine deformity or fracture is encouraged, and preoperative planning is crucial for successful surgical outcomes. Several surgical techniques have been developed to treat osteoporosis-related deformities, including posterior instrumentation with fusion. However, achieving fixation and fusion in these patients can be difficult secondary to poor bone stock. Augmentation methods to improve pedicle screw fixation have evolved, including instrumentation at multiple levels, bioactive cement augmentation, and fenestrated or expandable pedicle screws, but their impact on clinical outcomes remains unknown. Management of osteoporosis in patients undergoing spine surgery is challenging, but with appropriate patient selection, medical optimization, and surgical techniques, these patients can experience pain relief, deformity correction, and improved function.
A kernel-based centroid classifier using hypothesis margin

The centroid-based classifier is both effective and efficient for document classification. However, it suffers from over-fitting and linear inseparability problems caused by its fundamental assumptions. To address these problems, we propose a kernel-based hypothesis margin centroid classifier (KHCC). First, KHCC optimises the class centroids via minimising hypothesis margin under structural risk minimisation principle; second, KHCC uses the kernel method to relieve the problem of linear inseparability in the original feature space. Given the radial basis function, we further discuss a guideline for tuning the value of its parameter. The experimental results on four well-known data-sets indicate that our KHCC algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms, especially for the unbalanced data-set.
Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in north east Scotland shows fall in incidence and mortality from invasive cancer with concomitant rise in preinvasive disease

Abstract Objective : To assess the effect of screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on the incidence of and mortality from invasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix in north east Scotland and to discover why cases of invasive cancer still occur. Design : (a) Analysis of data on cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia obtained from the cytology data bank; (b) analysis of data on 612 women presenting with invasive squamous cancer during 1968-91, obtained from cancer registry and hospital records; (c) analysis of death rates obtained from the registrar general's (Scotland), and annual reports, the Information Services Division of the Home and Health Department (Scotland), and local records for 1974-91; (d) case-control studies on 282 cases of invasive cancer and 108 deaths which occurred in 1982-91. Cases were matched with two controls both for age and for having a negative smear test result at the time of presentation of the case. Setting - North east Scotland (Grampian region, Orkney, and Shetland). Subjects - Women (n - 306608) who had had cervical smear tests between 1960 and 1991. Results : There had been substantial increase in cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III since 1982. The incidence of invasive cancer has fallen since the start of screening in 1960, the fall occuring mainly in the well screened age group 40-69 years. There was a rise in women aged under 40 and over 70. Women with invasive disease seen between 1982 and 1991 mostly presented at stage I. Of these, half were unscreened, one third were poorly screened, 11% were found in retrospect to have had abnormal cells, 3% had recurrence of disease after treamtne for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III, and 3% were lost to follow up. Death rates had fallen, most noticeably in women aged 45-64, who had had the opportunity to be screened and rescreened. There was a disturbing rise in deaths among women under 45. Most deaths (65%) occurred in unscreened women. Case-control studies showed that the longer the time and absence of a smear test before presentation the higher was the risk of invasive cancer and of death. Conclusions : Screening has been effective in reducising the incidence of the mortality from cervical cancer in north east Scotland. Most cases and deaths occurred in unscreened women or in those who had had few smears at long intervals. An increase in cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III in women screened for the first time occurred during 1982-91.
The Hidden Dynamics of Print-Online Competition in Classified Advertising Markets

Classified advertisements are an important revenue source for newspaper publishers and they constitute a large share of non‐editorial content, highly valued by readers. By matching supply and demand in the corresponding markets for goods and services, publishers of classified advertisements serve as information brokers increasing transparency and driving market clearance. These days specific online services for each category of classified advertisements promise a far more efficient matching mechanism at a lower price and compete with the incumbent print players. In this article we present an empirical analysis of classified advertisements in the categories of recruitment, real estate and automotive, based on data from Germany. The substitution dynamics hidden by fluctuating overall market developments are derived from a simultaneous fit of the market dependence of advertising space in newspapers and a time‐dependent substitution term. The results show that approximately half of the classified print advert.
Updated Version of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Experimental Strain Panel

The Burkholderia cepacia complex consists of nine closely related species: Burkholderia cepacia genomovars I and VI, Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II), Burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar III), Burkholderia stabilis (genomovar IV), Burkholderia vietnamiensis (genomovar V), Burkholderia
Motor nerve terminals on rat intrafusal muscle fibres, a correlated light and electron microscopic study.

Mammalian muscle spindles contain two kinds of intrafusal muscle fibre, a nuclear bagand a nuclear chain (Boyd, 1962; Cooper& Daniel, 1963). The nuclear chain fibre, which has a well-developed sarcotubular system, more closely resembles the ultrastructure of the 'twitch' variety of extrafusal muscle fibre, while the nuclear bag fibre, with its poorly developed sarcotubular system, resembles the 'slow' variety of extrafusal fibre (Landon, 1966; Corvaja, Marinozzi & Pompeiano, 1969; Ovalle, 1971). Functional studies tend to support this structural dichotomy of intrafusal fibre types: nuclear chain fibres contract and relax more rapidly than nuclear bag fibres (Boyd, 1966a, b; Smith, 1966; Diete-Spiff, 1967). Mammalian intrafusal fibres are innervated by two kinds of motor endings, 'gamma-plates' and 'gamma-trails' (Boyd, 1962; Barker & Ip, 1965; Boyd & Davey, 1966; Barker, 1968). Controversy exists, however, concerning the pattern of distribution of the motor nerve terminals on the two types of intrafusal fibre. Boyd's group (Boyd, 1962; Boyd & Davey, 1966) contends that nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibres receive separate and selective innervation from two distinct groups of fusimotor axons. According to them, the nuclear bag fibre is innervated exclusively by 'gammaplates' while the nuclear chain fibre receives a fine network of diffuse multiterminal trail endings ('gamma-trails'). Another view, supported by Barker's group (Barker & Ip, 1965; Barker, 1968; Barker, Stacey & Adal, 1970), maintains that motor nerve terminals are not selective in their distribution on the two types of intrafusal muscle fibre, and that both nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibres receive either 'plate' or 'trail' endings. Morphological features of motor nerve endings on mammalian intrafusal fibres have been described with either light microscopy (Kupfer, 1960; Hess, 1961; Barker, 1962; Boyd, 1962; Coers, 1962; Cooper & Daniel, 1963; Barker & Ip, 1965; Porayko & Smith, 1968; Gladden, 1969; Mayr, 1969) or electron microscopy (Barker, 1965; Landon, 1966; Corvaja et al. 1969; During & Andres, 1969; Hennig, 1969). However, in many cases the choice of staining method, species of animal, and particular muscle examined have differed, and the results obtained have been conflicting. Moreover, the failure to correlate light and electron microscope findings has led to difficulties in interpretation. Thus it is evident that a more complete study utilizing
Development of methods for evaluating toxicity to freshwater ecosystems.

This article presents a summary of a collaborative research program involving five European research groups, that was partly funded by the European Commission under its Environmental Research Program. The objective of the program was to develop aquatic toxicity tests that could be used to obtain data for inclusion at Level 2 of the Risk Evaluation Scheme for the Notification of Substances as required by the 7th Amendment to EC Directive 79/831/EEC. Currently only a very limited number of test methods have been described that can be used for this purpose and these are based on an even smaller number of test species. Tests based upon algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardi, Scenedesmus subspicatus, and Euglena gracilis), protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis), rotifera (Brachionus calyciflorus), crustacea (Gammarus pulex), and diptera (Chironomus riparius) were developed. The tests encompassed a range of end points and were evaluated against four reference chemicals: lindane, 3, 4-dichloroaniline (DCA), atrazine, and copper. The capacity of the tests to identify concentrations that are chronically toxic in the field was addressed by comparing the effects threshold concentrations determined in the laboratory tests with those determined for similar and/or related species and end points in stream and pond mesocosm studies. The lowest no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC), EC(x), or LC(x) values obtained for lindane, atrazine, and copper were comparable with the lowest values obtained in the mesocosms. The lowest chronic NOEC determined for DCA using the laboratory tests was approximately 200 times higher than the lowest NOEC in the mesocosms.
Optimal state-dependent allocation to growth or reproduction in cod

Several studies have revealed that a fraction of the mature stock in various fishes occasionally skip spawning and reabsorb their initial investment in gonads. We have developed a simple life history model that explores the evolutionary benefits to individuals that adopts this strategy, using cod as our model organism. If there is an increased mortality risk or physiological cost associated with spawning, fish can increase their lifetime reproductive output by allocating surplus energy to growth instead of reproduction, particularly in years with reduced food intake (low surplus energy). The model provides a framework to study possible causes and consequences of skipped spawning in fish.
Resource implications of patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis

BACKGROUND Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) requires a complex drug regimen and lengthy multidisciplinary care. The financial cost of successful management of each case is potentially large. METHODS The costs of managing nine HIV negative patients with pulmonary MDR TB were compared with 18 age group and ethnicity matched controls with fully sensitive disease. Calculations included: cost of outpatient visits and inpatient stays including negative pressure isolation; costs of drug provision and toxicity monitoring; costs of additional procedures and multidisciplinary referrals. RESULTS The mean cost of managing a case of pulmonary MDR TB was in excess of £60 000 and for sensitive disease it was £6040. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and healthcare commissioning authorities may both be underestimating the costs of managing MDR TB, and accordingly the consequences for units dealing with such cases may be serious. Funding of care for MDR TB in the UK requires strategic decisions at regional or governmental level.
Blockade of L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel inhibits ischemia‐induced neurogenesis by down‐regulating iNOS expression in adult mouse

Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian hippocampus may contribute to repairing the brain after injury. The signals that regulate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus following ischemic stroke insult are not well known. We have previously reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is necessary for ischemia‐stimulated neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Here, we show that mice subjected to 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) significantly increased the number of new neurons and up‐regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus. Blockade of the L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel (L‐VGCC) prevented neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ), and down‐regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus after cerebral ischemia. This study suggests that Ca2+ influx through L‐VGCC is involved in ischemia‐induced neurogenesis by up‐regulating iNOS expression.
Regeneration of the enteric nervous system in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima

Among higher metazoans, echinoderms exhibit the most impressive capacity for regeneration. Holothurians, or sea cucumbers, respond to adverse stimuli by autotomizing and ejecting their visceral organs, which are then regenerated. Neuronal fibers and cell bodies are present within the viscera, but previous regeneration studies have not accounted for the nervous component. We used light microscopic immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural studies to describe the regeneration of the enteric nervous system in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. This study provides evidence that the enteric nervous system of this echinoderm regenerates after evisceration and that in 3–5 weeks the regenerated system is virtually identical to that of noneviscerated animals. The regeneration of the enteric nervous system occurs parallel to the regeneration of other organ components. Nerve fibers and cells are observed within the mesenterial thickenings that give rise to the new intestine and within the internal connective tissue prior to lumen formation. We also used bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to show that proliferation of the neuronal population occurs in the regenerating intestine. The regeneration of the nervous system commands high interest because members of the closely related phylum Chordata either lack or have a very limited capacity to regenerate their nervous system. Thus, holothurians provide a model system to study enteric nervous system regeneration in deuterostomes. J. Comp. Neurol. 406:461–475, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple Lyapunov Sampling for Event-Driven Control

In this paper, a simple Lyapunov sampling is proposed. Contrary to a periodic fashion which samples the system uniformly in time, an event-based scheme updates the control signal only when the system trajectory sufficiently changes. Furthermore, the present triggering mechanism is based on a Lyapunov function in order to enforce the events only when required from a stability point of view. Nevertheless, whereas the Lyapunov sampling mechanism initially introduced in Velasco et al. (2009) requires to execute a computationally heavy off-line algorithm, a fully on-line version is developed in this paper. The different approaches are tested (in simulation and practice) to show the efficiency of such an event-based control and, eventually, the performance remains ensured even if the constraint on the stability is relaxed.
Genomewide Analysis of Box C/D and Box H/ACA snoRNAs in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Reveals an Extensive Organization Into Intronic Gene Clusters

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga, the lineage of which diverged from that of land plants >1 billion years ago. Using the powerful small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) mining platform to screen the C. reinhardtii genome, we identified 322 snoRNA genes grouped into 118 families. The 74 box C/D families can potentially guide methylation at 96 sites of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and snRNAs, and the 44 box H/ACA families can potentially guide pseudouridylation at 62 sites. Remarkably, 242 of the snoRNA genes are arranged into 76 clusters, of which 77% consist of homologous genes produced by small local tandem duplications. At least 70 snoRNA gene clusters are found within introns of protein-coding genes. Although not exhaustive, this analysis reveals that C. reinhardtii has the highest number of intronic snoRNA gene clusters among eukaryotes. The prevalence of intronic snoRNA gene clusters in C. reinhardtii is similar to that of rice but in contrast with the one-snoRNA-per-intron organization of vertebrates and fungi and with that of Arabidopsis thaliana in which only a few intronic snoRNA gene clusters were identified. This analysis of C. reinhardtii snoRNA gene organization shows the functional importance of introns in a single-celled organism and provides evolutionary insight into the origin of intron-encoded RNAs in the plant lineage.
Reviews of recent progress on low-complexity linear detection via iterative algorithms for massive MIMO systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) can significantly enhance the spectrum efficiency of cellular networks by deploying hundreds of active elements at the base stations and is envisaged to become the key technology in 5th generation (5G) cellular networks. However, the large number of antennas required brings about tremendous challenges for practical implementation, especially for separation of the multiplexed data. Iterative approaches, such as Jacobi, Richardson, Gauss-Seidel (GS), successive overrelaxation (SOR), and symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) have received great attention recently due to their low-complexity and high performance for signal detection. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of recent progress in iterative based signal detection for massive MIMO systems. The system model of an iterative method based minimum mean square error (MMSE) signal detection is provided. The convergence behavior and complexity of the iterative approach based detectors are analyzed. Numerical results show that the iterative algorithm-based detectors can achieve a performance close to the classical MMSE detector with significantly less computational complexity.
Improving Aircraft Maintenance with Innovative Prognostics and Health Management Techniques - Case of Study: Brake Wear Degradation

Maintenance is going through to major changes in a lot of activity fields where the current maintenance strategy must adjust to the new requirements. The aeronautics industry belongs to one these activity fields which are trying to carry out important changes around its maintenance strategy. It needs to minimize the cost for the maintenance support and to increase its operational reliability and availability (avoiding delays, cancellations, etc) which would lead to a further decrease in costs. However, to support this change, it requires transforming the traditional corrective maintenance practice of “fail and fix” to “prevent and predict”. The aim of this article is to show the usefulness and the benefits of innovative techniques such as Bayesian Networks to support an intelligent function “decision support”, the basis for the new type of maintenance strategy based on prediction and prognosis. It helps to achieve a maximum optimization of resources and operational availability while minimizing economic costs, and replaces the current maintenance carried out in the aircraft industry up to now.
The E3 ligase Itch in immune regulation and beyond

Itch or itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase was initially discovered by genetic studies on the mouse coat color changes, and its deletion results in an itchy phenotype with constant skin scratching and multi‐organ inflammation. It is a member of the homologous to E6‐associated protein C‐terminus (HECT)‐type family of E3 ligases, with the protein‐interacting WW‐domains for the recruitment of substrate and the HECT domain for the transfer of ubiquitin to the substrate. Since its discovery, numerous studies have demonstrated that Itch is involved in the control of many aspects of immune responses including T‐cell activation and tolerance and T‐helper cell differentiation. Itch is also implicated in other biological contexts such as tumorigenesis, development, and stress responses. Many signaling pathways are regulated by Itch‐promoted ubiquitylation of diverse target proteins. Itch is also involved in human diseases. Here, we discuss the major progress in understanding the biological significance of Itch‐promoted protein ubiquitylation in the immune and other systems and in Itch‐mediated regulation of signal transduction.