Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Response in 0-Year-Old and 1-Year-Old Needles of Picea glehnii during Cold Acclimation and Low Temperature

P. glehnii, an evergreen conifer found in northern areas, is known as a cold-resistant species. In this experiment, we measured the water content, PSⅡ efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments of the xanthophyll-cycle and activity of enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle during cold acclimation and at subsequent low-temperature conditions to examine the importance of acclimation to cold tolerance. P. glehnii showed a decrease in PS Ⅱ efficiency (especially in Fv) during cold acclimation and at subsequent low tem- peratures. However, cold-acclimated needles showed higher PSⅡ efficiency at low temperatures than non- acclimated needles. In addition, 0-YON (first-year needles) showed an increase in β-carotene and lutein, while 1-YON (one-year-old needles) immediately developed an antioxidant mechanism in the ascorbate-gluthathione cycle as soon as they were exposed to low temperature and both 0-YON and 1-YON showed increased zeaxanthin and de-epoxidation ratios at continuous low temperature. Based on our results, we suggest that P. glehnii maintain PS Ⅱ efficiency at low temperature by effectively protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-damage by rapid induction of an antioxidant mechanism in 1-YON and dissipation of excess energy by
Physicochemical and antioxidant potential of raw unprocessed honey from Malaysian stingless bees

Objective: The current study investigates the physicochemical, phytochemical, nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of raw unprocessed honey produced by two Malaysian stingless bees, Heterotrigona itama and Geniotrigona thoracica collected from different places in the Southern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Physicochemical (pH, color) and nutritional compositions (moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals) were determined and evaluated using standard methods. Phytochemical content (flavonoid and phenolic compounds) and antioxidant activites were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: pH of collected honey samples were found to be acidic, ranging from 3.24-3.42, while the colors ranged from 85.34-490.37 mm Pfund (golden to dark amber). The moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate contents of honey samples ranged from 26.5±0.00 to 31.8±0.00 g/100 g, 0.15±0.01 to 0.67±0.00 g/100 g, 0.016t 0.54 g/100 g, 0.02 to 0.15 g/100 g and 67.12 to 73.26 g/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content of honey samples dissolved in distilled water and methanol ranged from 53.81±4.12 mg rutin equivalents kg–1 to 549.05±9.74 mg rutin equivalents kg–1 while total phenolic content in both solvents ranged from 357.14±3.57 mg gallic acid equivalents kg–1 to 520.83±4.49 mg gallic acid equivalents kg–1. The antioxidant activity of this honey displayed superior antioxidant potential and was higher than Manuka honey. Conclusion: Clearly, honey produced by these two stingless bee types in the Southern part of PeninsularMalaysia is a budding functional food and possible nutraceuticals with great potential for use in complementary and alternative medicines.
A 1976 THEORY OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the traditional literature on charisma, as well as selected social psychology literature the author feels is relevant to the concept of charisma. Throughout the paper, the author examines a number of topics related to the concept of charisma, including charismatic effects, characteristics of charismatic leaders, behavior of charismatic leaders, and situational factors associated with the emergence and effectiveness of charismatic leaders. Based on this analysis, the author develops a speculative theoretical explanation of charisma from a psychological perspective, rather than from a sociological or political science perspective. He also presents eight testable propositions on which to base further leadership research. (Author/JG)
Ricci curvature and monopole classes on 3-manifolds

We prove an L^2-estimate involving Ricci curvature and a harmonic 1-form on a closed oriented Riemannian 3-manifold admitting a solution of any rescaled Seiberg-Witten equations. We also give a necessary condition to be a monopole class on some special connected sums.
The challenges facing sustainable and adaptive groundwater management in South Africa

Long-term population growth and economic development are placing ever-increasing pressure on South Africa’s freshwater supply. On the basis of the current climate change predictions, which often entail uncertain consequences for aquifer systems and the associated groundwater goods and services, it is expected that the stress on water will increase even further. Currently, South Africa’s groundwater governance regime does not provide the capacity to assure effective and sustainable resource regulation and allocation. To date, the management of groundwater is hampered by a variety of uncertainties, such as global climate change and socio-economic growth, as well as ineffective governance structures affecting resource use, regulation, protection and the implementation of alternative strategies needed to achieve sustainable management. This paper presents the results of a qualitative assessment of interviews conducted with experts in South Africa. Four key challenges are identified to the development of adaptive and sustainable groundwater management and the successful implementation of current water legislation in South Africa. These are: the undervaluation of groundwater importance and significance; the need for expertise and information at all scales; the centralisation of power; and the disregard of ecosystems and the associated goods and services. As a means to tackle these challenges, it has been assumed that the concept of adaptive water management represents a suitable approach to governing groundwater resources, by taking into account complex system linkages between hydrogeological, political, socio-economic and environmental domains. Supporting principles, such as tools for cooperation, participation and information networks, have been developed to facilitate the implementation of adaptive water management approaches and hence to achieve institutional change in the political arena of groundwater management. Keywords: groundwater, South Africa, ecosystem services, adaptive water management, qualitative assessment
Immobilization of toxic metal cations on goethite-amended soils: a remediation strategy

The study investigates a simple and viable option to reduce toxic metals mobility and availability in four surface (0–30cm) soils with varying physicochemical properties amended by different percentages of goethite. Batch sorption experiments carried out to study the effectiveness of immobilizing Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ ions on these soils showed that goethite played vital role in the metals adsorption (≥10% increase in adsorption). Removal of soil iron oxides caused reduced Pb 2+ adsorption on soils with high organic matter ( ≤ 10% decrease in adsorption) with no significant increase in adsorption upon amendment, while soils having low organic matter had enhanced adsorption with amendment. Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ adsorptions were not enhanced even at 10% goethite amendment. However, Zn 2+ adsorption was interestingly different: the soils showed ≥55 % increases upon removal of inherent soil iron oxides without goethite amendment. Goethite amendments further enhanced Zn 2+ adsorption on these soils. Generally, both whole and amended soils showed higher preference for Pb 2+ ; the sorption trend is – Pb 2+ >Cu 2+ >Zn 2+ >Cd 2+ . Goethite amendment of these soils improved Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ adsorption. Hence, goethite amendment may be an effective method for immobilizing Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ on these soils and thus reducing their availability to biota. The quantity of goethite required by a soil to attain maximum immobilization varies depending on the metal and the soil’s physicochemical properties; however, Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ may not be effectively immobilized using goethite amendment. Keywords: Soil; Goethite; Toxic metals; Adsorption, Remediation
Physical Origin of Drive Current Enhancement in Ultra-thin Ge-On-Insulator (GOI) MOSFETs under Full Ballistic Transport

Shin-ichi Takagi Department of Frontier Informatics, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan Phone: +81-3-5841-7467 Fax: +81-3-5841-6702 E-mail: takagi@ee.t. u-tokyo.ac. jp
Multivariate Volatility Modeling of Electricity Futures

The deregulation of European electricity markets has led to an increasing need in understanding the volatility and correlation structure of electricity prices. We model a multivariate futures series of the European Energy Exchange (EEX) index, using an asymmetric GARCH model for volatilities and augmented dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) models for correlations. In particular, we allow for smooth changes in the unconditional volatilities and correlations through a multiplicative component that we estimate non-parametrically. We also introduce exogenous variables in our new multiplicative DCC model to account for congestion in short-term conditional volatilities. We find different correlation dynamics for long and short-term contracts and the new model achieves higher forecasting performance compared to a standard DCC model.
Development of ICT curricula through graduate career outcomes and required skills

Career outcomes are widely used by Universities to market their programs but there is scant evidence that they are attainable by graduates or if they inform curriculum design. This paper reports on a process for designing a University ICT curriculum that is directly informed by the career outcomes relevant to both local and national ICT industry. Outputs from this process are a set of classified attainable graduate career outcomes and a set of graduate skills that are the basis for the further stages of the curriculum development.
Searching Ultra-compact Pulsar Binaries with Abnormal Timing Behavior

Ultra-compact pulsar binaries are both ideal sources of gravitational radiation for gravitational wave detectors and laboratories for fundamental physics. However, the shortest orbital period of all radio pulsar binaries is currently 1.6 hr. The absence of pulsar binaries with a shorter orbital period is most likely due to technique limit. This paper points out that a tidal effect occurring on pulsar binaries with a short orbital period can perturb the orbital elements and result in a significant change in orbital modulation, which dramatically reduces the sensitivity of the acceleration searching that is widely used. Here a new search is proposed. The abnormal timing residual exhibited in a single pulse observation is simulated by a tidal effect occurring on an ultra-compact binary. The reproduction of the main features represented by the sharp peaks displayed in the abnormal timing behavior suggests that pulsars like PSR B0919+06 could be a candidate for an ultra-compact binary of an orbital period of ∼10 minutes and a companion star of a white dwarf star. The binary nature of such a candidate is further tested by (1) comparing the predicted long-term binary effect with decades of timing noise observed and (2) observing the optical counterpart of the expected companion star. Test (1) likely supports our model, while more observations are needed in test (2). Some interesting ultra-compact binaries could be found in the near future by applying such a new approach to other binary candidates.
Tacit Knowledge Management in Construction Industry by Using a Collaborative Software

The importance of knowledge management for construction companies has been gradually recognized by the industry. While explicit knowledge has been handled by many existing information systems, tacit knowledge is much more difficult to handle because of its intangible nature, and not many computer systems designed for tacit knowledge management. As tacit knowledge is usually created and transferred in social environment, this paper proposes to use a collaborative software to support tacit knowledge transfer. Basic concepts and the structure of the collaborative software are presented; and the facilities for tacit knowledge management for construction organizations are demonstrated.
Determination of Clonazepam in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Normal and Reverse Flow Injection Analysis Coupled with Solid-Phase Reactor Containing MnO2 Immobilized

Clonazepam (CLO) is an anticonvulsant agent which has hypnotic properties and widely used in the treatment epilepsy. Rapid and sensitive flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric methods are proposed for determination of CLO in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Method (A) is normal flow injection which depend on oxidation coupling of reduced CLO with 4-methoxyphenol (MP) in presence of sodium periodate to give a colored product measured at 550 nm. While the method (B) was developed using reverse flow injection coupled with on line solid phase reactor containing MnO 2 immobilized on cellulose acetate (CA) the method based on the coupling of reduced CLO with MP to give colored product which easily measured at 612 nm. The experimental conditions were optimized for both methods (A and B) and the linear range of CLO concentration was 5 – 300 and 1-250 μg. mL -1 with limits of detection of 4.312 and 0.822 μg. mL -1 for methods A and B respectively. Both proposed spectrophotometric methods have been applied successfully for the determination of CLO in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Keywords : Clonazepam, flow injection, solid phase reactor, immobilized MnO 2 .
Is Garlic a Safe Remedy: An Overlook Herb-Drug Interaction?

Objective-Traditional systems of medicine are mostly based on the use of herbs for the treatment of various diseases. Studies reveal that herbal products are more popular among the common people due to its fewer side effects, easy availability and low cost. Hence, these herbs are used throughout the world as preventive and curative medicines. However, these important herbs possess active chemical moiety that are responsible for their medicinal property. Thus, in reality, there remains a possibility of herb drug interactions when these are consumed along with other medicines. Unfortunately the concept of herb drug interaction is poorly known among the clinicians as well as common population. Even the scientific world was unable to explore the clinical relevance of herb drug interaction. Studies are being conducted throughout the world to investigate the effects of herb drug interaction, to ensure safety of therapy. In this present article effect of garlic was evaluated when used concurrently with other medicines. Method- Documentations from original articles and case reports were obtained from various databases and were compiled for this present article. Result- Total 24 articles documented various interactions of garlic with other synthetic medicines. Anticoagulants, antihypertensives, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, antitubercular drugs were the major classes of drugs that were found to interact with garlic. Conclusion- Therefore, case reports on adverse reactions due to the intake of garlic posed a threat to the safety of this herb. These findings initiated for exploration of the drugs that may interact with garlic and cause adverse reactions in patients.
A STUDY OF BRAND CHOICE DECISION OF TOP 3 GLOBAL BRAND QUICK SERVICED RESTAURANT (KFC, MCDONALD’S, BURGER KING) IN BANGKOK A STUDY OF BRAND CHOICE DECISION OF TOP 3 GLOBAL BRAND QUICK SERVICED RESTAURANT (KFC, MCDONALD’S, BURGER KING) IN BANGKOK

Fast food or quick meal is one of the world’s fastest growing food types. The development of fast food is one of the effects of urban development; the quick service restaurant (SQR) industry has been developing rapidly throughout the world. As the economic develop and major changes in lifestyle, education, income of the Thailand consumers in the two last decades have encourage the young consumers to eat out. This independent study aims to exam the consumer’s preference and perception toward quick service restaurant and aims to explore the key factors influencing for KFC, McDonald’s and Burger King customer choice decision in Bangkok. The survey research used questionnaire survey method to collect the data. The target populations are the consumer of KFC, McDonald’s and Burger King in Bangkok with the age of 14-60 years old in both male and female gender of all nationalities, and the sample size for this study is 400. This research discusses about the consumer choice behavior, consumption demand, and social demographic variables. The results of the study are that the Gender and Location doesn’t have significant relationship with consumer’s brand choice. In this study, the delivery service, easy access to the restaurant and good product taste are the top 3 primary factors influencing the choice of quick service restaurant. According to the results of the study, provide for using of academic research, and hope that can help operator when making decision in Thailand QSR market, and provide reference suggestions for marketing strategy.
The Role of Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 1 and Maternal Characteristics in Preeclampsia Scoring Card as a Predictor of Severe Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The capacity to predict maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnant women with preeclampsia remain immature although advanced have been made in obstetrics. Recent studies reported an antiangiogenic substance called Soluble Fms-like Tyrosin Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) produced by the placenta of preeclampsia patients. It binds to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placental Growth Factor (PIGF) and act as a proangiogenic substance. The earliest period whereby sFlt-1 can be detected around 5 weeks prior to symptoms onset. This value increases dramatically as soon as symptoms arise. Whether sFlt-1 causes placentation problem or sFlt-1 is the result of placenta implantation defect is still unknown. This present study aimed at establishing a prognostic tool through sFlt-1 and maternal characteristics therefore reducing the rate of mortality in pregnant women with preeclampsia and aiding clinical assessments and interventions. In a nested case control study, 40 preeclampsia women diagnosed clinically were enrolled. By determining angiogenic factors and maternal characteristics were determined that could be used as a prognostic tool through logistic regression. In this study, the scoring card had good calibration and discrimination value with a p-value >0,05 and AUC 0.917 (95% CI 0.833 to 1.00). Respectively, subjects with total scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 had 0.23%, 4.6%, 50.4%, and 95% chance of poor prognosis. Maternal age, gestational age, and levels of sFlt-1 appear to be strong predictors for poor clinical outcomes in patients with preeclampsia. Keywords: Severe preeclampsia, clinical predictor, poor prognosis
Assessing the Reasoning Skills of Biology Students in Selected Senior High Schools in Ghana

From the Chief Examiners’ report of West African Examination Council (WAEC, 2001-2008) it is clear that the poor West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE) results in biology can be attributed to lack of students’ Abstract This study is on assessing laboratory skills of biology students in selected senior high schools. One public/government science school offering biology was selected randomly and one private science school offering biology was also selected purposively for this study. A task was developed to assess the laboratory skills in reasoning. Mann-Whitney U tests was used to analyze the scores. On gender difference in the achievement of the reasoning skills, males scored higher than females but the result was not statistically significant. On school type, private school students scored higher than public school students but the results were however not statistically significant. It was recommended that students from both private and public school must be made to perform more science activities that require them to do more reasoning in order to develop their reasoning skills.
Acercamiento Clínico a Trastornos

Hypercholesterolemia is a disease that rapidly has been ahead earthly inside the daily newspaper to prey on people all over the world. The importance of its study lies in that it is the main modifiable risk factor to develop arteriosclerosis and logically cardiovascular problems, where the stages of their formation shade into the appearing of an atheroma that often initiates itself in infancy and adolescence. From there the importance of the present I work at which pick him up the basic definitions of the so-called pathology hypercholesterolemia, as well as the process and stages for your formation, the evaluation that comes true to this patient's guy that goes from measuring your risk of suffering this disease to determine the adequate treatment to bear her same, and in general summarizing proposals and adapting them to the reality of our habitual practice in the Nutritional space and Dietotherapy.
Understanding Construction Workers’ Risk Decisions Using Cognitive Continuum Theory

The goal of the research presented in this article was to construct a theory about the influence of decision cues on intuitive and deliberative decision-making in high-hazard construction environments. Drawing from Cognitive Continuum Theory, the article specifies a framework for understanding why and how construction workers make decisions that lead to taking or avoiding physical risks when they encounter daily hazards. A secondary aim of the research was to construct a set of hypotheses about how specific decision cues influence whether a worker is more likely to engage their intuitive impulses or to use careful deliberation when responding to a hazard. These hypotheses are described in this article, and the efficacy of the hypotheses was evaluated using cross-tabulations and nonparametric measures of association. While most of the associations between decision cues and decision mode (i.e., intuition or deliberation) identified in this data set were generally modest, none of the associations were statistically zero, thus indicating that further research is warranted based on theoretical grounds. A rigorous program of theory testing is the next logical step to the research, and the article thus concludes with numerous suggestions for extending the research and testing the proposed hypotheses.
On three early papers by Herbert Busemann

This paper is a commentary and a reading guide to three papers by Herbert Busemann, Uber die Geometrien, in denen die ``Kreise mit unendlichem Radius'' die kurzesten Linien sind. " (On the geometries where circles of infinite radius are the shortest lines) (1932), ``Paschsches Axiom und Zweidimensionalitat," (Pasch's Axiom and Two--Dimensionality) (1933) and ``Uber Raume mit konvexen Kugeln und Parallelenaxiom (On spaces with convex spheres and the parallel postulate) (1933). These are the first papers that Busemann wrote on the foundations of geometry and the axiomatic characterization of Minkowski spaces (finite-dimensional normed spaces). The subject of these papers followed Busemann for the rest of his life, and the three papers already contain several ideas and techniques that he developed later on, in his work on the subject which lasted several decades. The three papers were translated into English by Annette A'Campo. These translations, together with the final version of present commentary, will be part of the forthcoming edition of Busemann's Collected Papers edition.