Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A natural language processing program effectively extracts key pathologic findings from radical prostatectomy reports.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Natural language processing (NLP) software programs have been widely developed to transform complex free text into simplified organized data. Potential applications in the field of medicine include automated report summaries, physician alerts, patient repositories, electronic medical record (EMR) billing, and quality metric reports. Despite these prospects and the recent widespread adoption of EMR, NLP has been relatively underutilized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an internally developed NLP program in extracting select pathologic findings from radical prostatectomy specimen reports in the EMR. METHODS An NLP program was generated by a software engineer to extract key variables from prostatectomy reports in the EMR within our healthcare system, which included the TNM stage, Gleason grade, presence of a tertiary Gleason pattern, histologic subtype, size of dominant tumor nodule, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), perineural invasion (PNI), angiolymphatic invasion (ALI), extracapsular extension (ECE), and surgical margin status (SMS). The program was validated by comparing NLP results to a gold standard compiled by two blinded manual reviewers for 100 random pathology reports. RESULTS NLP demonstrated 100% accuracy for identifying the Gleason grade, presence of a tertiary Gleason pattern, SVI, ALI, and ECE. It also demonstrated near-perfect accuracy for extracting histologic subtype (99.0%), PNI (98.9%), TNM stage (98.0%), SMS (97.0%), and dominant tumor size (95.7%). The overall accuracy of NLP was 98.7%. NLP generated a result in <1 second, whereas the manual reviewers averaged 3.2 minutes per report. CONCLUSIONS This novel program demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency identifying key pathologic details from the prostatectomy report within an EMR system. NLP has the potential to assist urologists by summarizing and highlighting relevant information from verbose pathology reports. It may also facilitate future urologic research through the rapid and automated creation of large databases.
Early Combination Therapy with Corticosteroid and Nucleoside Analogue Induces Rapid Resolution of Inflammation in Acute Liver Failure due to Transient Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Objective Patients with acute hepatitis B sometimes develop acute liver failure (ALF), which has a poor prognosis. The efficacy of nucleoside analogue (NA) monotherapy for ALF due to transient hepatitis B virus infection (HBV-ALF) remains controversial. Further investigations are necessary in nations with a shortage of donor livers for liver transplantation. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the efficacy of combination therapy with corticosteroid (CS) and NA in the treatment HBV-ALF. Patients We examined the clinical and biochemical features of 19 patients with HBV-ALF who were treated in the early stage of the disease between 2000 and 2015. Results Fourteen patients received CS and NA (CS + NA group) and 5 received NA monotherapy (NA group). Eleven patients (58%) survived and 8 (42%) died. The survival rates in the CS + NA and NA groups were 64% and 40%, respectively (p=0.60). The mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels declined significantly at week 2 in both groups. The mean PT activities improved significantly at weeks 1 and 2 in the CS + NA group (p<0.05) but not in the NA group. None of the surviving patients developed persistent infection. Conclusion Combination therapy with CS and NA induces the rapid resolution of inflammation leading to a rapid recovery of the liver function. When it is administered at a sufficiently early stage, it would have a survival benefit and prevent persistent infection in HBV-ALF.
Sigma‐2 Receptor Ligands and Their Perspectives in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

The sigma‐2 receptor is highly expressed in various rapidly proliferating cancer cells and regarded as a cancer cell biomarker. Selective sigma‐2 ligands have been shown to specifically label the tumor sites, induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth. Sigma‐2 ligands are potentially useful as cancer diagnostics, anticancer therapeutics, or adjuvant anticancer treatment agents. However, both the cloning of this receptor and the identification of its endogenous ligand have not been successful, and the lack of structural information has severely hindered the understanding of its physiological roles, its signaling pathways, and the development of more selective sigma‐2 ligands. Recent data have implicated that sigma‐2 binding sites are within the lipid rafts and that PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) complex and sigma‐2 receptor may be coupled with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), caspases, and ion channels. Due to its promising applications in cancer management, there are rapidly increasing research efforts that are being directed into this field. This review article updates the current understanding of sigma‐2 receptor and its potential physiological roles, applications, interaction with other effectors, with special focuses on the development of sigma‐2 ligands, their chemical structures, pharmacological profiles, applications in imaging and anticancer therapy.
Obesity--a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

UNLABELLED Infantile and juvenile obesity is a medical, social and cultural problem, which reaches epidemic proportions worldwide. In Romania, according to the World Health Organization, one out of four Romanians is obese. As far as infantile obesity is concerned, Romania ranks third in Europe. Infantile obesity has a major impact on all body systems and is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and accelerated atherosclerotic processes, including hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and functional and structural cardiac changes. AIMS To study the cardiovascular complications of the obesity at children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study was conducted on a group of 188 obese and overweight patients that were hospitalized in the Pediatric Cardiology Department, the "Sfânta Maria" Children's Hospital of Iaşi between 1 January 2006 and 1 January 2011. The patients' evaluation was based on: anamnesis, clinical criteria and paraclinical criteria. RESULTS The distribution of cases by age group was the following: 51% of patients were aged 7-13 years, 42% were teenagers and only 6% of patients were aged between 2-6 years. As far as the patients' origin is concerned, we noted that 58% of them lived in urban areas. In the study group, 21% of the subjects had borderline hypertension, while 16% of them suffered from definite hypertension. The echocardiogram that was performed on all the patients included in the study revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 12% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Child obesity has a major impact on all the big body systems and it is known to contribute to significant increases in the mortality and morbidity rates.
Qualitative differences in response bias from spatial cueing.

Two response bias parameters were examined in a spatial (peripheral) cueing paradigm: (i) "cued location bias": the relative probability with which a signal is incorrectly assigned to the cued location; and (ii) "likelihood ratio (beta)": the amount of evidence required to decide that a signal appeared at a particular, cued or uncued, location. The two parameters were found to be differentially sensitive to the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between peripheral cue and target. Cued location bias was strongly affected by SOA, decreasing within 300 ms after peripheral cue onset. In contrast, the difference in beta between cued and uncued locations (cued < uncued) was independent of SOA. This suggests that cued location bias reflects strong but transitory pathway pre-activation following a peripheral cue, consistent with accounts of response bias effects in terms of relatively "early" processes of stimulus coding (e.g., Hawkins, Shafto, & Richardson, 1988; Shulman & Posner, 1988). In contrast, beta effects predominantly reflect "late" decision making processes that differentially weight the sensory evidence from cued and uncued locations according to their a-priori signal probabilities (e.g., Müller & Findlay, 1987; Shaw, 1982).
Firearm Safety Counseling in Primary Care Pediatrics: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Context. Physicians have been encouraged to counsel families about risks associated with gun ownership, but the effectiveness of physician counseling regarding gun safety is unknown. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of gun safety counseling during well-child care visits. Design. Group randomized, controlled trial. Physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants were randomized to either the intervention group or a control group. Setting. Group Health Cooperative, a staff-model health maintenance organization. Patients. Consecutive sample of families (n = 1295) seen for a scheduled appointment for well-child care for a child <18 years of age. Of the families originally scheduled for a visit, 80.3% were seen and completed the outcomes surveys. Intervention. Each family in the intervention group was given a 60-second message by their practitioner that depended on the presence of guns in the home. Families without guns were informed of the health risks associated with gun ownership and given a standard information pamphlet. Families with guns were given the same information about risks and were told that if they chose to keep a gun, they should store it locked and unloaded. They were given instructions on storage and a folder with material, including the same pamphlet, a letter from the police department, written storage guidelines, and discount coupons for gun storage devices. Main Outcome Measure. Changes in the following self-reported events: 1) acquisition of a safe storage device; 2) removal of firearms from the home; and 3) acquisition of firearms. Results. There were no important differences between intervention and control groups in the rate of acquisition of new guns (intervention: 1.3% vs control: .9%) after the intervention. Among households with guns at baseline, there were also no differences between groups in the removal of guns (intervention: 6.7% vs control: 5.7%), but there was a fairly large nonsignificant difference in the proportion who purchased trigger locks (intervention: 8.0% vs control: 2.5%). Conclusions. A single firearm safety-counseling session during well-child care, combined with economic incentives to purchase safe storage devices, did not lead to changes in household gun ownership and did not lead to statistically significant overall changes in storage patterns.
Non-small cell lung cancer: histopathologic correlates for texture parameters at CT.

PURPOSE To correlate computed tomographic (CT) texture in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with histopathologic markers for angiogenesis and hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was institutional review board approved, and informed consent was obtained. Fourteen patients with NSCLC underwent CT prior to intravenous administration of pimonidazole (0.5 g/m(2)), a marker of hypoxia, 24 hours before surgery. Texture was assessed for unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced CT images by using a software algorithm that selectively filters and extracts texture at different anatomic scales (1.0 [fine detail] to 2.5 [coarse features]), with quantification of the standard deviation (SD) of all pixel values and the mean value of positive pixels (MPP) and uniformity of distribution of positive gray-level pixel values (UPP). After surgery, matched tumor sections were stained for angiogenesis (CD34 expression) and for markers of hypoxia (glucose transporter protein 1 [Glut-1] and pimonidazole). The percentage and average intensity of the tumor stained were assessed. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess the correlations between CT texture and staining intensity. RESULTS SD and MPP quantified from medium to coarse texture on contrast-enhanced CT images showed significant associations with the average intensity of tumor staining with pimonidazole (for SD: filter value, 2.5; slope = 0.003; P = .0003). UPP (medium to coarse texture) on unenhanced CT images showed a significant inverse association with tumor Glut-1 expression (filter value, 2.5; slope = -115.13; P = .0008). MPP quantified from medium to coarse texture on both unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT images showed significant inverse associations with tumor CD34 expression (unenhanced CT: filter value, 1.8; slope = -0.0008; P = .003; contrast-enhanced CT: filter value, 1.8; slope = -0.0006; P = .004). CONCLUSION Texture parameters derived from CT images of NSCLC have the potential to act as imaging correlates for tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12112428/-/DC1.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase‐dependent DNA damage in mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease

Increased cancer risk occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing long‐term chronic inflammation. To evaluate whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)‐dependent DNA damage plays a role in the carcinogenic process triggered by IBD, we prepared a mouse model of IBD induced by transfer of CD45RBhighCD4+ T cells lacking regulatory T cells to female severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. CD45RBhighCD4+ T cells were isolated from mouse spleen after staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated anti‐CD45RB monoclonal antibody, followed by anti‐FITC‐conjugated microbeads. This IBD mouse model showed that the bodyweight increased with aging to a lesser extent than non‐treated controls, and that the intestine was shortened. Pathological findings of this mouse model, which showed severe inflammation in colon tissues, were similar to IBD patients. Double immunofluorescence technique revealed that both 8‐nitroguanine and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) were formed mainly in epithelial cells of the IBD mouse model. 8‐Nitroguanine was formed in most of 8‐oxodG‐immunoreactive nuclei of epithelial cells. iNOS, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 protein were also expressed in the colon epithelium. These results indicate that nitrative DNA damage, as well as oxidative DNA damage, is induced in colon epithelial cells of the IBD mouse model followed by proliferation of these cells, which may contribute to colon carcinogenesis. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 157–163)
Molecular Definition of a Novel Inositol Polyphosphate Metabolic Pathway Initiated by Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Kinase Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

The production of inositol polyphosphate (IPs) and pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (I(1,4,5)P3) requires the 6-/3-/5-kinase activity of Ipk2 (also known as Arg82 and inositol polyphosphate multikinase). Here, we probed the distinct roles for I(1,4,5)P3 6- versus 3-kinase activities in IP metabolism and cellular functions reported for Ipk2. Expression of either I(1,4,5)P3 6- or 3-kinase activity rescued growth of ipk2-deficient yeast at high temperatures, whereas only 6-kinase activity enabled growth on ornithine as the sole nitrogen source. Analysis of IP metabolism revealed that the 3-kinase initiated the synthesis of novel pathway consisting of over eleven IPs and PP-IPs. This pathway was present in wild-type and ipk2 null cells, albeit at low levels as compared with inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis. The primary route of synthesis was: I(1,4,5)P3 → I(1,3,4,5)P4 → I(1,2,3,4,5)P5 → PP-IP4 → PP2-IP3 and required Kcs1 (or possibly Ipk2), Ipk1, a novel inositol pyrophosphate synthase, and then Kcs1 again, respectively. Mutation of kcs1 ablated this pathway in ipk2 null cells and overexpression of Kcs1 in ipk2 mutant cells phenocopied IP3K expression, confirming it harbors a novel 3-kinase activity. Our work provides a revised genetic map of IP metabolism in yeast and evidence for dosage compensation between IPs and PP-IPs downstream of I(1,4,5)P3 in the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic processes.
A spectrum efficient base station switching-off mechanism for green cellular networks

Growing demands for mobile services in recent years has extraordinary increased the number of cellular operators and consequently the portion of energy that is consumed by cellular networks. Hence, green cellular network has been introduced, which suggests the use of energy optimization methods in cellular networks. One of the solutions to optimize the energy consumption of cellular networks is to switch on/off base stations with low traffic demand. Previous works on cell switching usually do not address the spectrum efficiency and QoS of users in their methods. In this paper, a cell switching method is proposed on the basis of a baseline method which considers the spectrum efficiency and QoS of users in reallocation of radio resources after switching off a base station. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the energy consumption and improves spectrum efficiency compared to baseline method.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A Function Cooperatively To Promote Carcinoma Development in a Mouse Carcinogenesis Model

ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP1 and LMP2) are frequently expressed in EBV-associated lymphoid and epithelial cancers and have complex effects on cell signaling and growth. The effects of these proteins on epithelial cell growth were assessed in vivo using transgenic mice driven by the keratin 14 promoter (K14). The development of papillomas and carcinomas was determined in the tumor initiator and promoter model using dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA), followed by repeated treatments of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). In these assays, LMP1 functioned as a weak tumor promoter and increased papilloma formation. In contrast, mice expressing LMP2A did not induce or promote papilloma formation. Transgenic LMP1 mice had slightly increased development of squamous cell carcinoma; however, the development of carcinoma was significantly increased in the doubly transgenic mice expressing both LMP1 and LMP2A. DMBA treatment induces an activating mutation in the Harvey-ras (H-ras 61 ) oncogene, and this mutation was identified in most papillomas and carcinomas although several papillomas and carcinomas in K14-LMP1 and K14-LMP1/LMP2A mice lacked the mutation. Analysis of signaling pathways that are known to be activated by LMP1 and/or LMP2 indicated that all genotypes had high levels of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Stat3 in carcinomas with significantly higher activation in the doubly transgenic carcinomas. These findings suggest that, in combination, LMP1 and LMP2 contribute to carcinoma progression and that this may reflect the combined effects of the proteins on activation of multiple signaling pathways. This study is the first to characterize the effects of LMP2 on tumor initiation and promotion and to identify an effect of the combined expression of LMP1 and LMP2 on the increase of carcinoma development.
A novel extended taper coaxial line based on a compound function

A novel extended taper coaxial line based on a compound function is presented. The function is constructed by Exponential function, Linear function and Sine function(ELS-taper). Analysis of various taper functions have been carried out. And the simulated result of the proposed taper using HFSS is compared with others. The ELS-taper line proven that it can conveniently adjust the S parameters by changing the parameters of the equation, and has low VSWR and low IL. The measured results are found to agree closely with the simulation results.
Telomere DNA Content Predicts Breast Cancer–Free Survival Interval

Background: Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes that protect chromosome ends from degradation and recombination. Critically shortened telomeres generate genomic instability. It has been postulated that the extent of telomere DNA loss is related to the degree of genomic instability within a tumor and therefore may presage clinical outcome. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the hypothesis that telomere DNA content (TC) in breast tumor tissues predicts breast cancer–free survival interval. Materials and Methods: Slot blot titration assay was used to quantitate TC in 530 archival breast tumor tissues in a population-based cohort. The relationships between TC, 12 risk factors for breast cancer adverse events (i.e., death due to breast cancer, breast cancer recurrence, or development of a new primary breast tumor), and breast cancer–free survival interval were evaluated by Fisher's exact test, log-rank analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: TC was independent of each of the 12 risk factors. Ethnicity, tumor-node-metastasis stage, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and p53 status, chemotherapy sequence, adjuvant therapy, and TC each conferred significant relative hazards. The best overall multivariate Cox proportional hazards model included TC, p53 status, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and estrogen receptor status as independent predictors of breast cancer–free survival interval (P < 0.00005). Low TC (≤200% of standard), relative to the high-TC group (>200% of standard), conferred an adjusted relative hazard of 2.88 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-7.15; P = 0.022) for breast cancer–related adverse events. Conclusions: TC in breast cancer tissue is an independent predictor in this group of breast cancer–free survival interval.
The role of tobacco control policies in reducing smoking and deaths in a middle income nation: results from the Thailand SimSmoke simulation model

Objectives: With the male smoking prevalence near 60% in 1991, Thailand was one of the first Asian nations to implement strict tobacco control policies. However, the success of their efforts has not been well documented. Methods: The role of tobacco control policies are examined using the “SimSmoke” tobacco control model. We first validated the model against survey data on smoking prevalence. We then distinguished the effect of policies implemented between 1991 and 2006 from long-term trends in smoking rates. We also estimated smoking attributable deaths and lives saved as a result of the policies. Results: The model validates well against survey data. The model shows that by the year 2006, policies implemented between 1991 and 2006 had already decreased smoking prevalence by 25% compared to what it would have been in the absence of the policies. Tax increases on cigarettes and advertising bans had the largest impact, followed by media anti-smoking campaigns, clean air laws and health warnings. The model estimates that the policies saved 31 867 lives by 2006 and will have saved 319 456 lives by 2026. Conclusions: The results document the success of Thailand in reducing smoking prevalence and reducing the number of lives lost to smoking, thereby showing the potential of tobacco control policies specifically in a middle-income country. Additional improvements can be realised through higher taxes, stronger clean air policies, comprehensive cessation treatment policies, and targeted media campaigns.