Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protease resistant insecticidal proteins for controlling Helicoverpa spp.

The discovery of the insecticidal nature of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins was a landmark in the control of insect pests and it led to the development of genetically engineered crops containing B. thuringiensis Cry toxins. B. thuringiensis transgenic cotton plants have been commercially available since 1996. Originally designed in the USA to combat the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, the plants are used in Australia to combat the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. However a much higher tolerance towards the toxin present in the cotton plants, CrylAc, was observed in H armigera compared to H viresecens. There are many different reasons behind the various forms of insect resistance to Cry toxins. The basis of these forms of resistance is that at some point the toxin' s mode of action is impeded and the lysis of the midgut epithelium of the insect is prevented. One hypothesis that has much evidence behind it from other insects is that gut proteases are able to digest critical regions in the activated form of the toxin. This would potentially render the toxin non-functional allowing the insect to survive ingestion of the transgenic plant material. My hypothesis was that the proteases of H armigera were a factor in its higher tolerance towards CrylAc. My strategy was to determine the initial cleavage sites that were targeted in the proteolytic breakdown of CrylAc, mutate them to prevent cleavage and test if their stability and toxicity was increased in the insect gut. A more stable and toxic mutant would have supported my hypothesis. I attempted to determine the initial cleavage sites from a proteolytic breakdown of Cry lAc by H armigera gut proteases by digesting Cry lAc with the gut juice from the insect midgut. A stable CrylAc doublet of the size of activated toxin was formed. These bands were analysed by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry to elucidate what cleavages might have occurred but this technique could not differentiate between the two. Based on data from the literature and this study, serine proteases were identified as the main class of enzyme present in the H armigera midgut. Thus the phenyalanine present at position 68 in CrylAc was chosen as a likely initial target site for the H
Effects of Land Use Changes on Streamflow and Sediment Yield in Atibaia River Basin—SP, Brazil

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is often used to evaluate the impacts of different land use scenarios on streamflow and sediment yield, but there is a need for some clear recommendations on how to select the parameter set that defines a given land use scenario and on what is the most appropriate methodology to change the selected parameters when describing possible future conditions. This paper reviews the SWAT formulation to identify the parameters that depend on the land use, performs a sensitivity analysis to determine the ones with larger impacts on the model results and discusses ways to consider future land use conditions. The case study is the Atibaia river basin, with 2838 km2 (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The parameters identified by sensitivity analysis with the largest impacts on streamflow and sediment yield were the initial curve number for moisture condition II (CN), maximum canopy storage for each land use (CANMX) and the cover and management factor (USLE_C). The identification and appropriate parameter change can provide real estimates of the magnitudes in the land use changes, which were verified in this study. Such information can be used as an instrument for proposing improvements in the basin’s environmental quality and management.
Kenaikan nilai aktivitas antioksidan nanokatekin dibanding katekin sediaan konvensional dan peluang aplikasinya pada hard candy

Katekin memiliki banyak manfaat dalam kehidupan manusia diantaranya pada dunia pangan, kosmetik dan farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kenaikan nilai aktivitas antioksidan dari nanokatekin dibanding dengan katekin sediaan konvensional dan peluang aplikasinya pada hard candy (HC). Preparasi nanokatekin menggunakan high speed homogenizer (HSH) kecepatan 12.000 rpm selama 90 menit pada campuran katekin dalam air konsentrasi 1%. Ukuran partikel diamati dengan PSA dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode IC 50 . Ukuran diameter rata-rata partikel nanokatekin yang didapat adalah 229,21 nm. Nilai IC 50 nanokatekin adalah 0,63±0,18 μg/mL sedangkan IC 50 katekin sediaan konvensional adalah 2,62±1,75 μg/mL sehingga untuk mencapai nilai IC 50 oleh nanokatekin hanya dibutuhkan 24,04% saja dibanding dengan katekin sediaan konvensional, jadi terlihat peningkatan sifat antioksidan yang sangat tinggi pada nanokatekin. Aplikasi katekin dan nanokatekin pada HC mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan HC. HC dengan penambahan katekin sediaan konvensional menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan 9 kali lebih tinggi dibanding dengan HC tanpa katekin, sedangkan HC dengan penambahan nanokatekin menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan 13 kali lebih tinggi dibanding dengan HC tanpa katekin.
Sel Bahan Bakar Berbasis Mikroba-Tanaman (P-MFC) Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik; Prinsip Kerja, Variasi Desain, Potensi dan Tantangan

Abstract Plant Microbial Fuel Cell or known as P-MFC, is an emerging technology to produce electricity. P-MFC is projected as a possible solution in developing an alternative source of electricity that is highly available and sustainable. P-MFC is not releasing pollution during the running time. Hence, the only side product of this technology is water. The electricity could be harvested in situ, or directly on the reactor site location. P-MFC shows unique symbiosis between the plant and the microbe, which live around the plant roots area. Naturally, the microbe will eventually degrade the organic matter and convert it to electricity with the support of a particular P-MFC design. The P-MFC design for research purposes has already been various compare to the initial introduction. Besides, the plant type occupied has been diverse as well. This article reviews four main parts of P-MFC technology. Firstly, an explanation of fundamentals processes in P-MFC and its plant. Secondly, about the P-MFC design variations and its power output. Thirdly, about P-MFC power potential in Indonesia. And lastly, about the challenge of P-MFC application . Keywords: bioenergy, P-MFC, fuel cell, microbe, bioelectricity Abstrak Sel Bahan Bakar Berbasis Mikroba-Tanaman atau lebih dikenal dengan Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell (P-MFC) adalah teknologi baru terbarukan untuk memproduksi energi berupa listik. P-MFC menjadi solusi potensial dalam pengembangan energi listrik alternatif yang mudah didapatkan dan ramah lingkungan. P-MFC tidak menimbulkan polusi saat digunakan karena hasil samping satu-satunya adalah air. Listrik yang dihasilkan dapat dipanen langsung dilokasi peletakkan reaktor P-MFC. Lebih lanjut, teknologi P-MFC memanfaatkan keberadaan mikroba yang hidup di sekitar area perakaran tanaman. Secara alamiah mikroba akan mendegradasi bahan organik dan kemudian mengubahnya menjadi listrik dengan dukungan desain P-MFC tertentu. Desain P-MFC sudah sangat berkembang sejak awal mula diperkenalkan. Selain itu, jenis tanaman yang digunakan juga semakin beragam. Pada tulisan ini, akan diulas empat hal penting mengenai PMFC. Pertama-tama, proses dasar pada teknologi P-MFC dan jenis tanaman P-MFC. Kedua mengenai variasi desain P-MFC dan efektifitasnya dalam menghasilkan listrik. Ketiga, tentang potensi P-MFC di Indonesia. Dan terakhir, mengenai tantangan utama dalam aplikasi P-MFC. Kata kunci: energi terbarukan, P-MFC, sel bahan bakar, mikroba, listrik-bio
PENERAPAN STANDAR PROFESIONAL AUDIT INTERNAL DAN KUALITAS AUDIT: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR

Penerapan standar atribut dan standar kinerja audit internal adalah salah satu fitur paling penting yang dapat menunjukkan kualitas audit internal. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan literatur terkait dengan pentingnya kepatuhan dalam penerapan Standar Profesional Internasional untuk Praktik Audit Internal yang dikeluarkan oleh Institute of Internal Auditor (IIA). Artikel ini menjelaskan perkembangan praktik audit internal, yang berfokus pada kepatuhan dan komitmen terhadap standar profesional audit internal. Perusahaan dapat memperoleh manfaat dari kepatuhan auditor internal, selain dapat membantu perusahaan mencapai tujuannya juga mencerminkan reputasi perusahaan yang baik dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas audit internal. Penjelasan dalam artikel ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya literatur yang terkait dengan standar audit internal dan dapat membantu manajemen dalam memilih auditor internal.
Orthogonalization-Guided Feature Fusion Network for Multimodal 2D+3D Facial Expression Recognition

As 2D and 3D data present different views of the same face, the features extracted from them can be both complementary and redundant. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient orthogonalization-guided feature fusion network, namely OGF$^2$Net, to fuse the features extracted from 2D and 3D faces for facial expression recognition. While 2D texture maps are fed into a 2D feature extraction pipeline (FE2DNet), the attribute maps generated from 3D data are concatenated as input of the 3D feature extraction pipeline (FE3DNet). The two networks are separately trained at the first stage and frozen in the second stage for late feature fusion, which can well address the unavailability of a large number of 3D+2D face pairs. To reduce the redundancies among features extracted from 2D and 3D streams, we design an orthogonal loss-guided feature fusion network to orthogonalize the features before fusing them. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms on both the BU-3DFE and Bosphorus databases. While accuracies as high as 89.05% (P1 protocol) and 89.07% (P2 protocol) are achieved on the BU-3DFE database, an accuracy of 89.28% is achieved on the Bosphorus database. The complexity analysis also suggests that our approach achieves a higher processing speed while simultaneously requiring lower memory costs.
Light and Temperature Independently Influence Methoxypyrazine Content of Vitis vinifera (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) Berries

Methoxypyrazines (MPs) are fruit-derived extractable compounds that contribute to cultivar-specific aroma traits in wine, and greater concentrations can contribute to unpleasant vegetative aromas. Both light exposure and temperature have been reported to influence MP content in developing wine grapes, but individual effects of light and temperature are confounded. A novel method of manipulating light exposure with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was used to impose light treatments with little or no effect on cluster temperature. Three treatments were imposed on developing fruit of Vitis vinifera (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon): 1) clusters exposed to direct sunlight, 2) clusters shaded by the grapevine canopy, and 3) clusters shaded by the canopy and exposed to supplemental LED light. Experiments were conducted over 3 years across pre- and postveraison periods of fruit development. A second experiment imposed the same light exposure treatments to ripening clusters on vines experiencing continual shoot growth during the postveraison period. Light exposure reduced 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) concentration of developing grape berries in the preveraison period independently of berry heating from solar radiation. Berry IBMP responded less to postveraison light levels, except on vines with active shoot growth, suggesting IBMP synthesis was continued during active vine growth but was suppressed by light. An inverse relationship of growing degree days (GDDs) with berry IBMP was observed, indicating high temperatures also reduce berry IBMP concentration. Response to temperature could result from either radiant heating of light-exposed clusters or from high ambient air temperature. Canopy management should consider the impact of both light and temperature on IBMP, and vine management practices should be adjusted appropriately to regional growing conditions and grape cultivars.
Thermal Performance of Concrete with Recycled Concrete Powder as Partial Cement Replacement and Recycled CDW Aggregate

This novel study was triggered by a lack in the international literature of the simultaneous use of ground recycled concrete (GRC) as a cement replacement and mixed recycled aggregate as part of the granular skeleton in recycled concrete. It explores the thermal behaviour of concrete mixes bearing 10 wt% or 25 wt% GRC as a cement replacement and 25 wt% or 50 wt% mixed recycled aggregate (MRA) sourced from construction and demolition waste (CDW). The experimental programme conducted assessed concrete’s dry density, open porosity, electrical and thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. The findings showed that the use of 10% and 25% GRC, in conjunction with 50% MRA, reduced thermal conductivity by 7.9% to 11.8% and raised specific heat capacity by 6.0% to 9.1% relative to concrete with 100% natural aggregate (NA). A cross-property analysis revealed that improved thermal performance was linearly related to lower density and higher porosity. The results also support the conclusion that these new recycled aggregate concrete mixes are more energy-efficient construction materials than conventional concrete.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTECTED L-CARNITINE ON MILK PRODUCTION, METABOLISM, AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE DAIRY COWS

Amino acid and vitamin provision is known to be crucially vital in the nutrition of highly productive dairy cattle. Currently, important role of carnitine in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism has been established, including the transport of long-chain fatty acids through the mito- chondrial membrane, excretion of potentially toxic metabolites from cells, regulation of gluconeogenesis, and synthesis of growth hormone. However, there are no recommendations on dietary L- carnitine dosage for newly calved cows with different milk yields. Moreover, data on the effect of dietary carnitine are often contradictory. In this paper, we for the first time compare effective post- partum doses of Carnipass™ and determine optimal amount of protected of L-carnitine (45 mg per 1 kg of produced milk). The aim of our research was to study the effect of different doses of dietary L- carnitine in a protected form on milk productivity, quality, intensity and peculiarities of physiological and biochemical processes in cows during early post calving period. Experiments, including physio- logical ones, were carried out on four groups of Holstein black-motley cows (8 cows per each, Dubrovitsy unit of Klenovo-Chegodaevo experimental farm, Moscow Province, 2014). Farm tests (Ag- rofirma Detchinskaya, Maloyaroslavetsky Redion, Kaluga Province) was conducted in 2015-2016. All animals ate a basic ration. The cows of experimental groups II, III and IV additionally received die- tary Сarnipass™ (Lohmann Animal Health GmbH & Co. KG, Germany), 5.5, 8.3 and 11.1 g equal to 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g of L-carnitine, respectively, 21 days before calving and 30, 45 and 60 mg of L- carnitine per 1 kg of produced milk for 120 days after calving. The average daily milk yield in cows of groups II, III and IV was 29.5, 31.6 and 31.4 kg, or by 0.9, 3.0 (p < 0.05) and 2.8 kg (p < 0.05) higher compared to the control group. When recalculated for milk with 4 % fat content, this index was 3.7, 10.7 (p < 0.01) and 10.0 % higher (p < 0.01). The somatic cell counts in the milk of experi- mental cows were from 217. 5½10 3 to 42.0½10 3 per 1 cm 3 , which is 50.0-74. 5½10 3 /cm 3 lower than in the control group. The use of L-carnitine at different doses allows reduction of costs per 1 kg of 4 %-fat milk by 3.8-10.8 % feed energy units, 3.6-10.5 % digestible protein, and 3.8-10.7 % con-centrated feed. respectively, of aminotransferase and aminotransferase, blood decreases also indicates better metabolism. %, decrease and %, may indicate better function At a of 45 L-carnitine improves parameters of non-specific immunity. activity
Cognitive Functioning, Physical Fitness, and Game Performance in a Sample of Adolescent Soccer Players

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between cognitive functioning, physical fitness, and game performance in a sample of adolescent soccer players. Eighty-five boys from a soccer team in Rincon de la Victoria (Malaga, Spain), aged between 12 and 16 years, participated in the study. The D2 and Global-Local Attention (GLA) tests were used to evaluate selective and divided attention, respectively, and the Coding and Symbol Search tests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) were used for processing speed. To analyze physical fitness, the standing long jump test, speed test, and Course-Navette test of the Alpha-Fitness battery were used. Finally, the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) was used to analyze sports performance in three vs. three small-sided games. The analyses showed that cognitive functioning was related to game performance. The results obtained suggest the importance of cognitive functions for performance in this sport.
Making headway towards understanding how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to early-life effects

It has become clear that in addition to the DNA sequence there is another layer of information, termed epigenetic modifications, that can influence phenotypes and traits. In particular, environmental epigenomics, which addresses the effect of the environment on the epigenome and human health, is becoming an area of great interest for many researchers working in different scientific fields. In this review, we will consider the current evidence that early-life environmental signals can have long-term effects on the epigenome. We will further evaluate how recent technological advances may enable us to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena, which will be crucial for understanding heritability in health and disease. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'.
Metoclopramide-Induced Dystonic Reaction in an Infant

Metoclopramide-induced dystonic reaction (MIDR) is a clinical condition that can be seen even in all age groups even in treatment doses. A nine-month-old girl was brought to our emergency department with acute dystonic reaction that occurred after her 2.5-years-old sister gave her a 10 mg/kg metoclopramide tablet two hours before admission to the hospital. Diphenhydramine was given to the patient. One hour later, the patient’s clinical findings regressed and patient was hospitalized, and was discharged from the hospital after 66 hours without sequelae. Although metoclopramide-induced dystonic reaction is frequently reported, the number of cases under one year of age is very limited. The case presented in this report is a patient who received a higher drug dose compared to other cases reported in the literature and recovered without sequelae after follow-up. The most important factor resulting in poisoning in children is not arranging the living spaces of the children by the parents. The easiest way to prevent such cases is to educate families on this issue.
A Non-intrusive home load identification method based on adaptive reinforcement learning algorithm

At present, the load data collection of residential users mainly starts from the lower acquisition frequency, so the non-intrusive home load identification method based on low frequency sampling has attracted wide attention. However, low-frequency sampling has a low recognition accuracy when the training data set is small. Therefore, a non-intrusive home load identification method based on adaptive KNN reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed. The method firstly analyzes the state of the electrical appliance by KNN to obtain the initial HMM model, and then solves the HMM model by adaptive KNN reinforcement learning algorithm to obtain the optimal state transition strategy. This method reduces the model pair data. The dependence improves the recognition accuracy of the model and the adaptability to new data. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out by the low frequency data set AMPds. The results show that the method improves the state recognition accuracy of the electrical appliance and enhances the adaptability of the algorithm to new data.
Correcting the impact of the isotope composition on the mixing ratio dependency of water vapour isotope measurements with cavity ring-down spectrometers

Abstract. Recent advances in laser spectroscopy enable high-frequency in situ measurements of the isotope composition of water vapour. At low water vapour mixing ratios, however, the measured stable water isotope composition can be substantially affected by a measurement artefact known as the mixing ratio dependency, which is commonly considered independent of the isotope composition. Here we systematically investigate how the mixing ratio dependency, in a range from 500 to 23 000 ppmv of three commercial cavity ring-down spectrometers, is affected by the isotope composition of water vapour. We find that the isotope composition of water vapour has a substantial and systematic impact on the mixing ratio dependency for all three analysers, particularly at mixing ratios below 4000 ppmv. This isotope composition dependency can create a deviation of ±0.5 ‰ and ±6.0 ‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively, at ∼2000 ppmv, resulting in about 2 ‰–3 ‰ deviation for the d-excess. An assessment of the robustness of our findings shows that the overall behaviour is reproducible over up to 2 years for different dry gas supplies, while being independent of the method for generating the water vapour and being the first order of the evaluation sequence. We propose replacing the univariate mixing ratio dependency corrections with a new, combined isotope composition–mixing ratio dependency correction. Using aircraft- and ship-based measurements in an Arctic environment, we illustrate a relevant application of the correction. Based on our findings, we suggest that the dependency on the isotope composition may be primarily related to spectroscopy. Repeatedly characterising the combined isotope composition–mixing ratio dependency of laser spectrometers when performing water vapour measurements at high elevations, on aircraft, or in polar regions appears critical to enable reliable data interpretation in dry environments.