Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exostoses in hypervitaminotic A cats with optimal calcium—phosphorus in takes

Exostoses typical of those previously described in chronic hypervitaminosis A of the cat were produced in six cats fed liver selected for high vitamin A content, and in six cats fed mince low in vitamin A and supplemented with the vitamin by capsule. In contrast to the previous work, the mineral content of each diet was adjusted to be more than adequate in calcium and phosphorus and optimal in calcium/phosphorus ratio. It was concluded that the levels and relative proportions of calcium and phosphorus in the diet have little or no influence of the development of exostoses in chronic hypervitaminosis A in the cat, and that the American disease ‘osteodystrophy in mature cats’ probably has a different aetiology. Resume. On a provoque des exostoses decrites comme manifestation typique de l'hypervitaminose A du chat en administrant s 6 animaux du foie selectionne pour sa forte teneur en vitamine A et a six autres chats du hachis de foie pauvre en cette vitamine, mais supplemente par des capsules de vitamines. Contrairement a ce qui a ete fait dans des etudes anterieures, les concentrations en mineraux on ete ajustees de facon a etre plus qu'adequates en ce qui concerne le calcium et le phosphore et le rapport optimal calcium: phosphore. On conclut que les teneurs en calcium et en phosphore ainsi que le rapport entre ces deux elements dans le regime n'ont que peu ou pas du tout d'influence sur le developpement des exostoses au cours de l'hypervitaminose A chronique du chat et que le syndrome decrit par les Americains sous le nom de ‘osteodystrophie du chat adulte’ releve sans doute d'une etiologie differente. Zusammenfassung. Exostosen typisch in der Art, wie sie fruher bei chronischer A-Hypervitaminose der Katze besprochen wurden, liessen sich bei sechs Katzen hervorrufen, die mit Leber gefuttert wurden, welche nach ihrem hohen Vitamin-A-Gehalt ausgewahlt worden war, und bei sechs Katzen, die Hackfleisch mit geringem Vitamin-A-Gehalt als Futter erhielten, das durch das Vitamin in Kapseln erganzt wurde. Im Gegensatz zu der fruheren Untersuchung wurde der Mineralgehalt beider Futterarten auf mehr als ausreichend im Calcium- und Phosphorgehalt und auf optimal hinsichtlich des Calcium/Phosphor-Verhualtnisses eingestellt. Es wurde daraus der Schluss gezogen, dass die Konzentrationen und das Mengenverhaltnis von Calcium und Phosphor im Futter wenig oder keinen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von Exostosen bei chronischer A-Hypervitaminose bei der Katze hatten und dass die amerikanische Krankheit ‘Osteodystrophie bei erwachsenen Katzen’ wahrscheinlich eine andere Atiologie besitzt.
Gastrointestinal complications associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease: consensus definitions from the Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract A complication is an event or occurrence that is associated with a disease or a healthcare intervention, is a departure from the desired course of events, and may cause, or be associated with, suboptimal outcome. A complication does not necessarily represent a breech in the standard of care that constitutes medical negligence or medical malpractice. An operative or procedural complication is any complication, regardless of cause, occurring (1) within 30 days after surgery or intervention in or out of the hospital, or (2) after 30 days during the same hospitalization subsequent to the operation or intervention. Operative and procedural complications include both intraoperative/intraprocedural complications and postoperative/postprocedural complications in this time interval. The Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease has set forth a comprehensive list of complications associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease, related to cardiac, pulmonary, renal, haematological, infectious, neurological, gastrointestinal, and endocrinal systems, as well as those related to the management of anaesthesia and perfusion, and the transplantation of thoracic organs. The objective of this manuscript is to examine the definitions of operative morbidity as they relate specifically to the gastrointestinal system. These specific definitions and terms will be used to track morbidity associated with surgical and transcatheter interventions and other forms of therapy in a common language across many separate databases. Although serious gastrointestinal complications are relatively uncommon after congenital cardiac surgery, accurate estimates of the incidences of these complications are limited, in part due to lack of standardized reporting and the absence of universal nomenclature that defines organ-specific complications. The Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease has prepared and defined a list of gastrointestinal complications that may be temporally associated with congenital cardiac surgery. Clinicians caring for patients with congenital cardiac disease will be able to use this list for databases, initiatives to improve quality, reporting of complications, and comparing strategies of treatment.
A comparison of cardiac 31P MRS at 1.5 and 3 T

31P MRS was evaluated on normal volunteers at 1.5 and 3 T, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the two field strengths was calculated. The in vivo spin‐lattice, T1, relaxation times for PCr and γ‐ATP, which are essential for correcting for the effects of radiofrequency saturation on the PCr/ATP ratio, were determined at 3 T. The T1 values for six volunteers were 3.8 ± 0.7 s for PCr (mean ± SD) and 2.4 ± 1.1 s for γ‐ATP, which are similar to reported values at 1.5 T, allowing us to use protocols developed at 1.5 T at the new clinical field strength of 3 T. Direct comparison between 1.5 T and 3 T in the same 10 subjects, using coils of identical geometry and identical pulse sequences gave a mean SNR for PCr at 3 T which was 206 ± 94% of that at 1.5 T. The linewidth for PCr increased from 13 ± 6 Hz at 1.5 T to 22 ± 12 Hz at 3 T. The coefficient of variation in the measurement of PCr/ATP, based on the Cramer–Rao lower bounds, was reduced from 32 ± 25% at 1.5 T to 18 ± 13% at 3 T. Thus, 31P MRS at 3 T is greatly improved by the increase in SNR compared with acquisitions at 1.5 T because of the higher field strength. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐pass dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with extravasating contrast reagent: evidence for human myocardial capillary recruitment in adenosine‐induced hyperemia

Human myocardial 1H2O T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data were acquired during the brief first‐pass period after injection of a very small gadolinium diethylenetriaminepenta‐acetate (GdDTPA2−) dose. The shutter‐speed pharmacokinetic effects of both transendothelial and transcytolemmal equilibrium water exchange processes were investigated. Our results indicate that even for such a short acquisition window and relatively large pseudo‐first‐order rate constant (Ktrans) for plasma/interstitium contrast reagent (CR) transfer the kinetics of these water exchange processes cannot be treated as infinitely fast or slow. However, neither the intracellular water molecule lifetime (τi) nor its intravascular counterpart (τb) are among the parameters most influential in analysis of the noisy data typically associated with the cardiac perfusion application. Thus, the actual values of water exchange kinetic rate constants are relatively indeterminate as this experiment is usually conducted. Combining the Ktrans evaluations with independently determined flow (F) values allows us to estimate CR permeability coefficient surface area product (PCRS) values. The fact that the PCRS magnitudes almost equal the Ktrans values confirms that GdDTPA2− extravasation in resting human myocardial muscle is indeed permeation‐limited and supports the validity of the Ktrans and PCRS estimations. Nevertheless the model analysis is most consistent with the results if PCRS is not assumed to be constant with changing flow. The capillary blood volume fraction (vb) is a sensitive parameter in the analysis. We also compared resting and hyperemic cardiac conditions, the latter resulting from the volume flow increase induced by adenosine arteriolar vasodilation. We found that the PCRS value increases with flow probably mostly because of an S increase associated with capillary recruitment. The vb values also increased in hyperemia and showed a flow‐dependence with a clearly identifiable component due to capillary recruitment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Yongyukjowitang Distillate on the Immune Activity of Spleen Cells of Aged Rats

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Yongyukjowitang(YJT) distillate on the immune activity of spleen cells of aged SD rats. Methods Spleen cells from 10w, 52w, 72w old rats were stimulated with Concanavalin A(Con A) and treated with Vitamin C(Vit.C) or Yongyukjowitang distillate(YJT). After 24 hours, levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN- were measured using ELISA in spleen cells. Results and Conclusions 1. The concentration of IL-2, IL-4 in spleen cells of 52 weeks old SD rats(YJT group) significantly decreased in comparison with ConA group. 2. The concentration of IFN- in spleen cells of 72 weeks old SD rats significantly increased in comparison with 10 weeks old SD rats(NT group), but decreased in comparison with 10 weeks old SD rats(YJT group). These results suggest that Yongyukjowitang distillate has an effect on the immune activity of spleen cells of aged SD rats.
Tele-educação e monitoria ativa no ensino da saúde bucal a estudantes de medicina

OBJECTIVES: To verify the baseline level of knowledge among medical students in the fifth year of the degree course regarding the practice of oral health and to measure the increase in knowledge and counseling skills after training. METHOD: 148 students, divided into 4 groups - 2007-A (control group), 2007-B, 2008-A and 2008-B - received progressive training interventions, face to face (2007) and online (2008). The 2008-B group also had active contact with a specialist in oral health. Increases in knowledge were measured by written assessments applied before and after the respective intervention, and counseling skills were assessed through the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) . RESULTS: 91% of the students found their baseline knowledge of oral health promotion insufficient. The growth in knowledge of groups 2008-A and 2008-B was significant when compared to the control group. The 2008-B group also demonstrated an increased ability to provide advice on oral health. CONCLUSION: the information obtained in this study may be useful for developing strategies for interdisciplinary teaching in complementary areas of medical training.
Comparison of Omega Wave System and Polar S810i to Detect R-R Intervals at Rest

The present study was performed to compare R-R interval data and heart rate variability indices obtained from the Polar S810i and the Omega Wave Sport System for a total of 96 adults in a supine position. Data were simultaneously recorded with the Polar S810i and the Omega Wave Sport System and processed by unique software. Bland-Altman analysis for the R-R intervals shows minimal bias for free and paced breathing. No significant differences were observed for heart rate variability indices derived from the signal from both devices, except for the power of the high frequency band and the acceleration changes index during either free or paced breathing. Coefficients of correlations were all above 0.96. These data suggest that both systems are valid to record R-R interval signals and to obtain a valid analysis of heart rate variability. However, Omega Wave Sport System enables data to be collected without any artifacts making the analysis of heart rate variability easier than the analysis of Polar S810i. Nevertheless, Polar S810i continues to be more practical in clinical and applied situations due to the affordability of the device.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI measurements on stroke patients reveal water‐exchange mechanisms in sub‐acute ischaemic lesions

The aim of this study was to investigate the diffusion time dependence of signal‐versus‐b curves obtained from diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) of sub‐acute ischaemic lesions in stroke patients. In this case series study, 16 patients with sub‐acute ischaemic stroke were examined with DW‐MRI using two different diffusion times (60 and 260 ms). Nine of these patients showed sufficiently large lesions without artefacts to merit further analysis. The signal‐versus‐b curves from the lesions were plotted and analysed using a two‐compartment model including compartmental exchange. To validate the model and to aid the interpretation of the estimated model parameters, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. In eight cases, the plotted signal‐versus‐b curves, obtained from the lesions, showed a signal–curve split‐up when data for the two diffusion times were compared, revealing effects of compartmental water exchange. For one of the patients, parametric maps were generated based on the extracted model parameters. These novel observations suggest that water exchange between different water pools is measurable and thus potentially useful for clinical assessment. The information can improve the understanding of the relationship between the DW‐MRI signal intensity and the microstructural properties of the lesions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lebenslange neuroleptische Rezidivprophylaxe bei Schizophrenie

Die wesentlichen Ziele der langfristigen oder sogar lebenslangen neuroleptischen Rezidivprophylaxe bei Patienten mit einer Schizophrenie sind vor allem die konsequente Symptomremission, die Verhinderung einer progredienten Symptomverschlechterung und die Rezidivprophylaxe. Bei dieser lebenslangen Therapie ist ein integratives Therapiekonzept [1], welches individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmt ist, mit den Bestandteilen Pharmakotherapie, Psychotherapie, Familientherapie und Psychoedukation der entscheidende Schlussel zum Erfolg. Nach der Erstmanifestation ist die langfristige Therapie uber die ersten beiden Therapiejahre hinaus im Einzelfall zu diskutieren, jedochmuss bei einem Rezidiv oder multiplen Rezidiven der Erkrankung, was sicherlich der Mehrheit der Patienten entspricht, eine lebenslange Therapie dringend in Betracht gezogen werden [2]. Altere Arbeiten konnten zeigen, dass es selbst nach einem jahrelangen symptomfreien Intervall unter konsequenter antipsychotischer Medikation (2–5 Jahre) nach Absetzen dieser Medikation mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einem Ruckfall kommt [3]. Durch ein Rezidiv kann es zu sehr negativen Konsequenzen fur den Betroffenen, mit Zunahme der positiven wie auch der negativen Symptomatik und z.T. erhohten Neuroleptikadosierungen kommen. Ebenfalls drohen Verlangerungen der stationaren Behandlungen mit den bekannten psychosozialen und soziookonomischen Folgen.
Increased handicap in vertigo patients with a type-D personality

We investigated the role of personality and its relationship to the symptom of vertigo, in a cross-sectional survey of 88 patients with a peripheral vestibular disorder at a tertiary referral centre. All 88 patients underwent a vestibular evaluation at the Vestibular Function Laboratory (Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery) at Antwerp University Hospital. Five pathology groups were considered: Ménière's disease (n=29), benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the posterior semicircular canal (n=23), vestibular neuritis (n=8), vestibular schwannoma (n=20), post-traumatic non-BPPV vertigo (n=8). Personality type-D was assessed with the type-D Personality Scale-16 (DS16) questionnaire. In order to evaluate whether or not subjects with a ‘distressed’ personality (type-D) perceive more handicap than others due to their vertigo symptoms, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores between type-D and non-type-D subjects were compared. Secondly, we examined whether or not a type-D personality is more prevalent in Ménière's disease (MD) patients than in other patients experiencing vertigo. We found that type-D subjects had significantly higher DHI scores (DHI total score: mean 40.5, SD 25.7) compared with non-type-D subjects (mean 26.4, SD 19.9) (p=0.015). The link between type-D personality and disease severity was most pronounced in the emotional aspects of vertigo, as indicated by the DHI emotional subscale (p=0.007), and secondly in the functional aspects (DHI functional subscale, p=0.033). Type-D personality was not significantly more prevalent in MD compared to other patients with vertigo. These findings suggest that in patients with vertigo, symptom severity should be considered in view of the effect of having a type-D personality. A multidimensional approach may be valuable in the assessment of patients presenting with symptoms of vertigo, because a subgroup with type-D personality might benefit from psychological therapies.
Youth Suicide Deaths: Investigation of Clinical Predictors in a Statewide Sample

Death by suicide is a significant cause of mortality among youth. However, there is limited information on the demographic and clinical factors associated with youth suicide deaths. The objective of this study was to link large statewide databases to describe demographic, clinical, and cause of death characteristics among youth who died by suicide. We examined 1,218 decedents under age 26 who died by suicie between 2000 and 2014. Eighteen died before age 12, 53 died between ages 12 and 14, 292 died between ages 15 and 18, and 855 died between ages 19 and 25. Most were male (83%), and firearm was most common cause of death; 28% previously attempted suicide, 31% had a mental health diagnosis, and 17% were prescribed psychotropic medication. Younger children died by hanging/smothering (89% of all 7- to 11-year olds), and overdose/poisoning increased progressively with age. Adolescents had a higher proportion of females than young adults (23% vs. 14%, p = .002). Combining data from the medical examiner and large hospital systems allows examination of youth suicide from a developmental perspective. Differences between age groups included gender, method, diagnosed mental illness, and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These data point to missed opportunities for effective interventions for specific developmental stages.
Association of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism I180V With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Resistant Hypertension.

OBJECTIVES Genetic polymorphisms on mineralocorticoid receptor gene (NC3C2) are associated with variability of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) function and cardiovascular implications. We sought to investigate whether I180V (rs5522) and MRc. -2G_C (rs2070951) polymorphisms in NR3C2 gene are associated with resistance to antihypertensive treatment and target-organ damage in resistant hypertensive (RHTN) patients. METHODS One hundred and eighty-one RHTN and 122 mild to moderate hypertensive (HTN) patients were enrolled in this study. Genotypes were obtained by allelic discrimination assay using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We determined pulse wave velocity (PWV), microalbuminuria, and left ventricular mass index to assess target-organ damage. We compared clinical and laboratorial characteristics of AA vs. G carriers for rs5522 and AC vs. GG vs. CG for rs2070951. RESULTS We did not found differences in allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies for both polymorphisms between HTN and RHTN subjects. We found increased levels of aldosterone and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in G carriers only for rs5522. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was more prevalent in G carriers than AA homozygous for rs5522 but not for rs2070951 in RHTN. On the other hand, microalbuminuria and PWV were similar among genotypes for both polymorphisms. No differences were observed between the haplotypes, except for higher aldosterone concentration in GG compared to AG and AC haplotypes. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that rs5522 polymorphism might affect cardiac remodeling and aldosterone levels in RHTN subjects.
Tanshinone IIA protects against immune-mediated liver injury through activation of t-cell subsets and regulation of cytokines

Background and Aim: Tanshione IIA (TSN) is the major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese Medicine. TSN protects against antioxidant-induced liver injury, although the exact mechanism is not well understood. Materials and Methods: In this study, the protective effects of TSN was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and histochemistry of several cytokines. Results: TSN is found to significantly reduce plasma alanin aminotransferase and aspartate amino transferase levels in mice with concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated liver injury. TSN increases T lymphocyte subset CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ ratios. Also, TSN significantly reduces inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, while elevates anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10. Conclusions: TSN may provide a potential drug candidate for liver injury therapeutics.
Monitoring of the effect of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus ablation by MRI

In order to investigate intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and repair, a quantitative non‐invasive tool is needed. Various MRI methods including qCPMG, which yields dipolar echo relaxation time (TDE), magnetization transfer contrast (MTC), and 1H and 2H double quantum filtered (DQF) MRI were used in the present work to monitor changes in rat IVD after ablation of the nucleus pulposus (NP), serving as a model of severe IVD degeneration. In the intact IVD, a clear distinction between the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the NP is obtained on T2 and TDE weighted images as well as on MTC maps, reflecting the high concentration of ordered collagen fibers in the AF. After ablation of the NP, the distinction between the compartments is lost. T2 and TDE relaxation times are short throughout the disc and MTC is high. 1H and 2H DQF signal, which in intact discs is obtained only for the AF, is now observable throughout the tissue. These results indicate that after ablation, there is an ingression of collagen fibers from the AF into the area that was previously occupied by the NP, as was confirmed by histology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability, factorial validity, and interrelationships of five commonly used change of direction speed tests

Change of direction speed (CODS) is often considered a main determinant of successful performance in many team sports and is routinely measured using field‐based tests. However, controversy regarding test selection still exists based upon the reliability and specificity of the tests. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the reliability, factorial validity, and interrelationships of five frequently used CODS tests (Illinois, L‐Run, Pro‐Agility, T‐test, and 505). Forty‐four physical education students (male n = 24; female n = 20; age; 16.7 ± 0.6), who compete within team sports, to varying levels of competition, participated in this study. Three trials for each of the five tests were recorded. All tests had high (intraclass correlation coefficient) test–retest reliability (r = 0.88–0.95) and low typical percentage error (1.95–2.40%). The principle component factor analysis resulted in the extraction of one significant component which explained 89.52% of the total variance. All selected tests were positively and strongly correlated (r = 0.84–0.89). Based upon the results of this study, it was concluded that all tests are highly reliable and valid measures of CODS, with all tests assessing a general athletic ability to change direction. Future research should investigate the factorial validity of the CODS test within homogenous samples.