Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing a Requirement Mining System

The success of information systems (IS) development strongly depends on the accuracy of the requirements gathered from users and other stakeholders. When developing a new IS, about 80 percent of these requirements are recorded in informal requirements documents (e.g., interview transcripts or discussion forums) using natural language. However, processing the resultant natural language requirements resources is inherently complex and often error prone due to ambiguity, inconsistency, and incompleteness. Thus, even highly qualified requirements engineers often struggle to process large amounts of natural language requirements resources efficiently and effectively. In this paper, we propose a design theory for requirement mining systems (RMSs) based on two design principles: (1) semi-automatic requirement mining and (2) usage of imported and retrieved knowledge. As part of an extensive design project, which led to these principles, we also implemented a prototype based on this design theory (REMINER). It supports requirements engineers in identifying and classifying requirements documented in natural language and allows us to evaluate the artifact’s viability and the conceptual soundness of our design. The results of our evaluation suggest that an RMS based on our proposed design principles can significantly improve recall while maintaining precision levels.
Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections.

Naomi P. O’Grady, Mary Alexander, E. Patchen Dellinger, Julie L. Gerberding, Stephen O. Heard, Dennis G. Maki, Henry Masur, Rita D. McCormick, Leonard A. Mermel, Michele L. Pearson, Issam I. Raad, Adrienne Randolph, and Robert A. Weinstein National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Infusion Nurses Society, Cambridge, and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, and The Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; University of Washington, Seattle; Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Wisconsin Medical School and Hospital and Clinics, Madison; Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Cook County Hospital and Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois
An architectural approach to software evolution and integration

As time passes, software systems need to be maintained, modified, and integrated with other systems so as not to age and become obsolete. In the present thesis, we investigate how the concepts of software components and software architecture can be used to facilitate software evolution and integration. Based on three case studies, we argue that considering a software system at a high abstraction level, as a set of connected components, makes possible a cost efficient and structured evolution and integration process. The systems in two of our case studies are information systems developed in-house used for managing and manipulating business-critical data. The third case study concerns an integration framework in which systems can be integrated without modification. In the thesis, we describe how several architectural alternatives can be developed based on architectural descriptions of existing systems, and how these can be evaluated regarding a number of concerns in a relatively rapid way, while achieving an acceptable confidence/effort ratio. We describe how some of these concerns can be addressed in more detail, namely maintainability, cost of implementation, and time of implementation; we also discuss the risk involved in the decision. We show how although the existing architecture may reflect insufficient design decisions and an outdated state of practice, it can and should be seen as a prototype revealing strengths that should be preserved and weaknesses that should be addressed during redesign. We also describe four different integration approaches and the feasibility of each under various circumstances: Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), interoperability through import and export facilities, integration at data level, and integration at source code level. The two last of these are compared in more detail, revealing that code level integration is more risky but not necessarily more costly than data level integration, but is advantageous from a technical perspective.
Global health interdependence. A grass-roots approach.

Throughout much of their history, civilized countries have supported programs to improve the health care of people in developing regions of the world. In recent times, nations traditionally considered as "third world" have been the recipients of support in the form of direct medical care, supplies, equipment, and education from many different private and public sources as a matter of course. The recent economic and political events in Central and Eastern Europe and Asia have drastically changed how "third world" has been traditionally defined and has mobilized citizens of Western societies in unprecedented numbers to provide help to the peoples of both developing as well as distressed countries in new and meaningful ways. See also p 1441. One of the more notable failures of the former Soviet Union at the time of its dissolution was its health care system. The already undercapitalized medical infrastructure was suddenly dealt a nearly fatal
Congenital hypothyroidism in Rieger Syndrome

Abstract Rieger syndrome (RS) is a multiple malformation syndrome characterized by ocular manifestations and extraocular defects. Herein, we report a 9-year-old boy who exhibited Rieger Syndrome phenotype as well as congenital hypothyroidism which may be an underappreciated feature of RS.
El mercado del videojuego: Unas cifras

El mercado de los videojuegos es unos de los sectores emergentes de la industria de la comunicacion y del entretenimiento. Su facturacion supera ya a la del cine en algunos paises. Interesa conocer su desarrollo a nivel mundial y nacional, asi como sus especificidades respecto a soportes y produccion. Especial atencion merece tambien como le afecta el problema de la pirateria
Cochleostomy Versus Round Window Insertions: Influence on Functional Outcomes in Electric-Acoustic Stimulation of the Auditory System

Objective To assess the potential influence of 2 different surgical access routes to scala tympani for hearing preservation cochlear implantation on outcomes. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary care academic center. Patients Twenty adult subjects participating in a prospective clinical trial on electric-acoustic stimulation. Subjects underwent cochlear implantation with attempted hearing preservation and subsequent ipsilateral electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system. Interventions Eight subjects (40%) were implanted using a round window–related cochleostomy and 12 subjects (60%) via a round window approach. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative acoustic hearing preservation and speech perception measures were obtained at defined intervals and compared for both groups with and without the use of the external speech processor. Results The data demonstrate no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes for both preservation of residual hearing and unaided and aided speech perception between the cochleostomy and round window groups. Conclusion The results of this investigation suggest that hearing preservation cochlear implantation can be performed either via a round window–related cochleostomy as well as via the round window membrane itself with similar outcomes in terms of both hearing preservation rates as well as speech perception measures.
Estimation of Der p and Der f I quantities in the reference preparations of Dermatophagoides mite extracts

A monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb‐ELISA) was developed to measure the major Dermatophagoides mite allergens, Der p I and Der f I, The assay was highly species‐specific and sensitive. Using this assay system, the absolute mass unit of Der p I and Der fI in the reference preparations of the extracts was estimated. The primary standards used were the purified Der p I and Der f I preparations. The reference preparations of the D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae extracts (92‐Dp) and 92‐Df), which had been prepared from the same amount of mite bodies of both species, were found to contain the same levels of the Der I allergens, 10.1 μg/ml of Der p I and 10.0 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively. A histamine release assay with leucocytes from mite‐allergic donors showed that the total allergenic potency of 92‐Dp and 92‐Df was comparable. This result indicates that the estimated Der I levels in these extracts seem to be valid, at least, in the balanece between the two species, although further comparisons of the absolute quantities by several different laboratories are needed. The Der I levels in the WHO/IUIS international reference preparation of D. pteronyssinus and the CBER standard mite extracts, E4‐Dp and E5‐Df, were also estimated using this assay system. They were found to contain 4.4 μg/viaI and 13.3 μg/ml of Der p I and 9.5 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively.
Transcriptional regulation of fatty acid synthase gene by somatotropin in 3 T 3F 442 A adipocytes 1

Somatotropin (ST) antagonizes insulin stimulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme activity and gene transcription in adipocytes. Previous studies have shown that an insulin response element (IRE) is located in the proximal region of the FAS promoter (−71 to −50) and upstream stimulatory factor (USF) 1 binds to this IRE. The present study was conducted to initially evaluate whether there is a somatotropin response element (STRE) in the 5′flanking region of the FAS gene and to determine whether USF1 mediates the effect of ST on FAS gene transcription in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Two 5′ deletion FAS promoter constructs (pFAS-CATS4 and pFAS-CAT5), which contain the 5′ flanking sequences of the rat FAS gene at −112 to +65 and −2195 to +65, respectively, were stably transfected into 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Insulin stimulated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity 1.7and 4.7-fold (P < 0.05) in 3T3-F442A adipocytes transfected with pFAS-CATS4 and pFAS-CAT5, respectively. In contrast, bovine somatotropin (bST) attenuated the stimulatory effect of insulin on CAT activ
Engineering micromyocardium to delineate cellular and extracellular regulation of myocardial tissue contractility.

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, in part due to limitations of existing models of the myocardium. Myocardium consists of aligned, contractile cardiac myocytes interspersed with fibroblasts that synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM). The cellular demographics and biochemical and mechanical properties of the ECM remodel in many different cardiac diseases. However, the impact of diverse cellular and extracellular remodeling on the contractile output of the myocardium are poorly understood. To address this, we micropatterned 13 kPa and 90 kPa polyacrylamide gels with aligned squares of fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LN). We seeded gels with two concentrations of primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, which naturally contain fibroblasts. Cells assembled into aligned "μMyocardia" with fibroblast : myocyte ratios dependent on initial seeding concentration. Using traction force microscopy (TFM), we found that the peak systolic longitudinal cross-sectional force was similar across conditions, but the peak systolic work was significantly lower on 90 kPa gels. This indicates that ECM elasticity dominates over ECM ligand and cell demographics in regulating contractile output. Because our platform provides independent control over cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, it has many applications for cardiac disease modeling.
Dynamo: design, implementation, and evaluation of cooperative persistent object management in a local area network

In light of advances in processor and networking technology, especially the emergence of network attached disks, the traditional client‐server architecture of persistent storage systems has become suboptimal for many computation/data intensive applications. In this paper, we introduce a revised architecture for persistent object management employing network attached storage: the dynamic object server environment (Dynamo). Dynamo introduces two main architectural innovations: (1) to provide high scalability, the object management functions are mainly performed cooperatively by the clients in the system. Furthermore, data is transferred directly to the client's cache from network‐attached disks, thus avoiding copies from a disk to the server buffer and then over the network to the client. Other systems have an a priori assignment of ‘object management’ functions to specific nodes; (2) Dynamo uses a cooperative cache management which employs a decentralized lottery‐based page replacement strategy with a novel technique which attempts to put a page replaced from one node into the cache of another node which is likely to access the page in the near future. We show via performance benchmarks run on the Dynamo system and simulation results how this architecture increases the system's adaptability, scalability and cost performance. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Playing TETris with DNA modifications

Methylation of the fifth carbon of cytosine was the first epigenetic modification to be discovered in DNA. Recently, three new DNA modifications have come to light: hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine, and carboxylcytosine, all generated by oxidation of methylcytosine by Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes. These modifications can initiate full DNA demethylation, but they are also likely to participate, like methylcytosine, in epigenetic signalling per se. A scenario is emerging in which coordinated regulation at multiple levels governs the participation of TETs in a wide range of physiological functions, sometimes via a mechanism unrelated to their enzymatic activity. Although still under construction, a sophisticated picture is rapidly forming where, according to the function to be performed, TETs ensure epigenetic marking to create specific landscapes, and whose improper build‐up can lead to diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
The University of Chicago Dispersal Capacity Predicts Both Population Genetic Structure and Species Richness in Reef Fishes . Author ( s ) :

Dispersal is a fundamental species characteristic that should directly affect both rates of gene flow among spatially distributed populations and opportunities for speciation. Yet no single trait associated with dispersal has been demonstrated to affect both microand macroevolutionary patterns of diversity across a diverse biological assemblage. Here, we examine patterns of genetic differentiation and species richness in reef fishes, an assemblage of over 7,000 species comprising approximately one-third of the extant bony fishes and over one-tenth of living vertebrates. In reef fishes, dispersal occurs primarily during a planktonic larval stage. There are two major reproductive and parental investment syndromes among reef fishes, and the differences between them have implications for dispersal: (1) benthic guarding fishes lay negatively buoyant eggs, typically guarded by the male parent, and from these eggs hatch large, strongly swimming larvae; in contrast, (2) pelagic spawning fishes release small floating eggs directly into the water column, which drift unprotected before small weakly swimming larvae hatch. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that benthic guarders have significantly greater population structure than pelagic spawners and additionally that taxonomic families of benthic guarders are more species rich than families of pelagic spawners. Our findings provide a compelling case for the continuity between microand macroevolutionary processes of biological diversification and underscore the importance of dispersalrelated traits in influencing the mode and tempo of evolution.
Visualization of hepatitis B virus entry – novel tools and approaches to directly follow virus entry into hepatocytes

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a widespread human pathogen, responsible for chronic infections of ca. 240 million people worldwide. Until recently, the entry pathway of HBV into hepatocytes was only partially understood. The identification of human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) as a bona fide receptor of HBV has provided us with new tools to investigate this pathway in more details. Combined with advances in virus visualization techniques, approaches to directly visualize HBV cell attachment, NTCP interaction, virion internalization and intracellular transport are now becoming feasible. This review summarizes our current understanding of how HBV specifically enters hepatocytes, and describes possible visualization strategies applicable for a deeper understanding of the underlying cell biological processes.
World Non-Oil Primary Commodity Markets: A Medium-Term Framework of Analysis

En este trabajo, los autores amplian el modelo de determinacion de los precios de los productos basicos que habian elaborado anteriormente (Staff Papers, vol. 31, marzo de 1984; pags. 93 a 140). El estudio anterior se centraba en los factores del lado de la demanda que provocan la fluctuacion de los precios agregados de los productos basicos a corto plazo. Este trabajo presenta un marco a plazo mediano para el analisis de la fluctuacion de los precios de los productos basicos. Se tiene en cuenta la produccion de productos basicos, desglosada en capacidad y utilizacion de la capacidad. Se muestra que la capacidad reacciona ante las fluctuaciones de precio a plazo mediano y la utilizacion ante las fluctuaciones a corto plazo. Tambien se indica la forma en que, con el correr del tiempo la variacion inicial de precio provocada por un cambio de la demanda se va perdiendo debido a la reaccion de la oferta ante dicha variacion inicial. De esta forma, el modelo capta la dinamica de oferta/precios en el mediano plazo. En el estudio tambien se analizan los factores del lado de la oferta a corto plazo – como las variaciones de los precios internos y tipos de cambio de los paises exportadores –, asi como las variables del lado de la demanda – como la fluctuacion de la actividad economica, precios internos y tipos de cambio de los paises importadores. El modelo permite analizar con bastante exactitud los movimientos historicos de los precios de los productos basicos. Las simulaciones basadas en el modelo muestran que las fluctuaciones de la oferta a corto plazo reforzaron los factores del lado de la demanda durante los dos ultimos ciclos de precios de los productos basicos (1973-77 y 1979-82). En el estudio se calcula el grado en que la inflacion en los paises exportadores se transmite a los precios mundiales de los productos basicos mediante su efecto en los costos, senalandose que los precios de las materias primas agricolas y los metales se ven afectados en mayor medida por la inflacion de los paises exportadores (a traves del efecto de empuje de los costos) que de los paises importadores (a traves del efecto de sustitucion), registrandose el fenomeno contrario en el caso de los alimentos y las bebidas. En el trabajo tambien se mide el efecto que han tenido las recientes fluctuaciones de la produccion de productos basicos y el ritmo relativamente lento de la recuperacion economica europea posterior a la recision de 1981-82 en los precios de los productos basicos.
Broadband antenna for RF energy scavenging system

This research work described in this paper is part of a larger project which aims to develop MEMS/NEMS based miniaturized RF energy scavenging devices. RF energy scavenging holds a promising future for generation of electrical power in order to charge electronics devices. The antenna system, as one of the most important parts in the energy scavenging system, has a significant influence on the overall system efficiency. In this paper, a broadband antenna is designed and modified for an RF energy scavenging system. Simulation results demonstrate that the modified antenna shows a wide bandwidth behavior based on S11 <;-10 dB, covering frequency ranges from 1 GHz to 4.5 GHz. The antenna gain, received power and radiation pattern are also simulated and presented.
Attenuated, Replication-Competent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Mutant G207: Safety Evaluation of Intracerebral Injection in Nonhuman Primates

ABSTRACT This study examined the safety of intracerebral inoculation of G207, an attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recombinant, in nonhuman primates. Sixteen New World owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae [karyotype 1, formerly believed to be A. trivirgatus]), known for their exquisite susceptibility to HSV-1 infection, were evaluated. Thirteen underwent intracerebral inoculation with G207 at doses of 107 or 109 PFU, two were vehicle inoculated, and one served as an infected wild-type control and received 103 PFU of HSV-1 strain F. HSV-1 strain F caused rapid mortality and symptoms consistent with HSV encephalitis, including fever, hemiparesis, meningitis, and hemorrhage in the basal ganglia. One year after G207 inoculation, seven of the animals were alive and exhibited no evidence of clinical complications. Three deaths resulted from nonneurologic causes unrelated to HSV infection, and three animals were sacrificed for histopathologic examination. Two animals were reinoculated with G207 (107 PFU) at the same stereotactic coordinates 1 year after the initial G207 inoculation. These animals were alive and healthy 2 years after the second inoculation. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging studies performed both before and after G207 inoculation failed to reveal radiographic evidence of HSV-related sequelae. Despite the lack of outwardly observable HSV pathology, measurable increases in serum anti-HSV titers were detected. Histopathological examination of multiple organ tissues found no evidence of HSV-induced histopathology or dissemination. We conclude that intracerebral inoculation of up to 109 PFU of G207, well above the efficacious dose in mouse tumor studies, is safe and therefore appropriate for human clinical trials.
A simulation framework to validate the use of head-mounted displays and tablets for information exchange with the UAV safety pilot

The purpose of the present paper is to determine whether the use of advanced Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) could improve the Situation Awareness (SA) of the safety pilot in an UAV operation. Despite the tendency to develop more autonomous vehicles, the presence of a safety pilot will continue to be important particularly in complex situations, instances of system failures or automation bias. This research considers that the pilot is physically located in the field and needs to be informed about the UAV status and mission progress. A simulation environment with three different scenarios is proposed. The scenarios include a radio link interface, a tablet interface and a vision through Head-Mounted Display (HMD). In order to evaluate each solution, NASA-TLX and SAGAT questionnaires were used. Finally, results showed better performance and reduced workload in the HMD in comparison with other approaches.