Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vector representation of non-standard spellings using dynamic time warping and a denoising autoencoder

The presence of non-standard spellings in Twitter causes challenges for many natural language processing tasks. Traditional approaches mainly regard the problem as a translation, spell checking, or speech recognition problem. This paper proposes a method that represents the stochastic relationship between words and their non-standard versions in real vectors. The method uses dynamic time warping to preprocess the non-standard spellings and autoencoder to derive the vector representation. The derived vectors encode word patterns and the Euclidean distance between the vectors represents a distance in the word space that challenges the prevailing edit distance. After training the autoencoder on 1051 different words and their non-standard versions, the results show that the new distance can be used to obtain the correct standard word among the closest five words in 89.53% of the cases compared to only 68.22% using the edit distance.
Decreased Binding to Proteins and Cells of Polymeric Gene Delivery Vectors Surface Modified with a Multivalent Hydrophilic Polymer and Retargeting through Attachment of Transferrin*

Binding of serum proteins to polyelectrolyte gene delivery complexes is thought to be an important factor limiting bloodstream circulation and restricting access to target tissues. Protein binding can also inhibit transfection activity in vitro. In this study a multivalent reactive hydrophilic polymer has been used to inhibit protein binding. This polymer is based on poly-[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (pHPMA) bearing pendent oligopeptide (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly) side chains terminated in reactive 4-nitrophenoxy groups (8.6 mol%). The polymer reacts with the primary amino groups of poly(l-lysine) (pLL) and produces a hydrophilic coating on the surface of pLL·DNA complexes (as measured by fluorescamine). The resulting pHPMA-coated complexes show a decreased surface charge (from +14 mV for pLL·DNA complexes to −25 mV for pHPMA-modified complexes) as measured by ζ potential analysis. The pHPMA-coated complexes also show a slightly increased average diameter (approximately 90 nm compared with 60 nm for pLL·DNA complexes) as viewed by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy and around 100 nm as viewed by photon correlation spectroscopy. They are completely resistant to protein interaction, as determined by turbidometry and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of complexes isolated from plasma, and show significantly decreased nonspecific uptake into cells in vitro. Spare reactive ester groups can be used to conjugate targeting ligands (e.g. transferrin) on to the surface of the complex to provide a means of tissue-specific targeting and transfection. The properties of these complexes therefore make them promising candidates for targeted gene delivery, both in vitro and potentiallyin vivo.
Evaluation of Outpatient Pharmacological Treatment Choices in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care Practice

Primary care physicians provide treatment to the majority of patients of COPD in India. Worldwide significant gaps exist between recommendations and actual COPD management in primary care practice. In India there is paucity of data about the outpatient treatment and practice patterns in COPD management in primary care. The aim is to evaluate the outpatient pharmacological treatment choices in primary care practice in management of COPD. We studied the prescriptions details of the already diagnosed and on treatment COPD patients of more than 40 years of age in out patient department. The inhaler devices, inhaled medications, oral medications were physically verified by the authors. The results were tabulated and analyzed on percentage scale. Study included 4287 patients of COPD. 29.5% patients were on inhaled medication and majority 70.5% were on oral medications. 35.8% were prescribed inhaled SABA and ICS combination, 25.9 % LABA and ICS combination, 7.8% SABA and SAAC, 4.1% triple inhaler with ciclesonide, tiotropium and formoterol, 13.5% SABA and 11.3% were prescribed ICS. Among oral medications methylxanthines were prescribed to 30.5%, a combination of oral β-agonists and methylxanthines to 19.8%, oral β-agonists to 15.2%, leukotriene modifiers to 3.6%, steroids to 6.9% and 24.1% were on multiple drugs. Our study concludes that the COPD management in primary care is extremely sub optimal as majority of the patients are being prescribed oral medications instead of inhaled medications and the choices of inhaled medications are also not according to the guidelines.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND CONTINUOUS STIMULATION ON GASTROCNEMIUS OF THE FROG.

Gastrocnemius muscles of the winter frog (Rana pipiens) were stimulated directly, at a rate of 2/sec at temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 C and at 1/sec at 5 C. Isometric strain-gauge recordin.
Diseases of humans (other than cholera) caused by vibrios.

INTRODUCTION 342 ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION 342 Isolation 342 Identification 343 NON-O GROUP 1 VIBRIO CHOLERAE 346 Introduction 346 Clinical Features . 346 Ecology 347 Pathogenicity 348 Epidemiology 350 VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS 352 Introduction 352 Clinical Features 352 Ecology 353 Pathogenicity 353 Epidemiology 355 VIBRIO VULNIFICUS 357 Introduction 357 Clinical Features 358 Ecology : 359 Pathogenicity 359 Epidemiology 359
Using the Addiction Severity Index to Predict Mental and Medical Health Service Utilization

Abstract This study assessed the utility of adding the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) to demographic and clinical diagnostic information for the purpose of predicting subsequent substance use disorder service use, and use of other healthcare services by 260 veterans admitted for outpatient substance use disorder treatment. Data collected included demographics, clinical diagnoses, assessment data from the ASI, as well as measures of six-month health service utilization (e.g., substance use disorder services, other mental health services, outpatient medical visits, urgent care visits, inpatient psychiatric and medical). Multivariate analysis using Tobit regression models showed six out of seven ASI scales were significant predictors, and that combining ASI data with demographics and clinical data significantly improved prediction of health care services. It also was found that certain psychiatric and medical diagnoses were related to service use measures, and that a diagnosis of depression was related to overall healthcare utilization.
SMARCB1-deficient Tumors of Childhood: A Practical Guide

The SMARCB1 gene (INI1, BAF47) is a member of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. SMARCB1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene, and loss of function of both alleles gives rise to SMARCB1-deficient tumors. The prototypical SMARCB1-deficient tumor is the malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) which was first described in the kidney but also occurs in soft tissue, viscera, and the brain (where it is referred to as atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor or AT/RT). These are overwhelmingly tumors of the very young, and most follow an aggressive and ultimately lethal course. Morphologically, most but not all contain a population of “rhabdoid” cells, which are large cells with abundant cytoplasm, perinuclear spherical inclusions, and eccentric vesicular nuclei with large inclusion-like nucleoli. MRT immunohistochemistry reveals complete loss of SMARCB1 nuclear expression, and molecular analysis confirms biallelic SMARCB1 inactivation in the vast majority. Rare AT/RTs have loss of SMARCA4, another SWI/SNF member, rather than SMARCB1. With the widespread adoption of SMARCB1 immunohistochemistry, an increasing number of SMARCB1-deficient tumors outside of the MRT-AT/RT spectrum have been described. In addition to MRT and AT/RT, pediatric tumors with complete loss of SMARCB1 expression include cribriform neuroepithelial tumor, renal medullary carcinoma, and epithelioid sarcoma. Tumors with variable loss of SMARCB1 expression include subsets of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, schwannomas arising in schwannomatosis, subsets of chordomas, myoepithelial carcinomas, and sinonasal carcinomas. Variable and reduced expression of SMARCB1 is characteristic of synovial sarcoma. In this review, the historical background, clinical characteristics, morphology, immunohistochemical features, and molecular genetics most germane to these tumors are summarized. In addition, familial occurrence of these tumors (the rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome) is discussed. It is hoped that this review may provide practical guidance to pathologists encountering tumors that have altered expression of SMARCB1.
Concentration of the agricultural production in the EU: the two sides of a coin

Over the last decades, the number of farms has been decreasing and their size increasing all over the European Union. This paper aims at studying the development of agricultural production concentration across EU Member States over the 2004-2013 period. Using an adapted version of the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI), it shows that a variety of situations exists across Europe as regards the distribution of commercial farm sizes measured in Euros of standard output. Results document how the overall tendency to concentration may originate either from the reduction in farm numbers, or from farm sizes becoming more unequal, or both.
Trend of patient characteristics and its impact on the response to adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: post hoc time-course analysis of an all-case PMS in Japan

Abstract Objectives. To investigate the relationship between changes in patient characteristics over time and the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical practice. Methods. Patients enrolled in the post-marketing registry study in Japan were divided into 5 subgroups based on the time adalimumab treatment was initiated. Demographic and baseline characteristics and responses to adalimumab were compared among the 5 subgroups to detect any time-course trend. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify characteristics that were significantly associated with the effectiveness or safety of adalimumab and to estimate response rates and the incidence of adverse drug reactions in individual subgroups. Results. During the study period, patient characteristics changed significantly over time, in particular with regard to prior biologic use and concomitant methotrexate therapy. There was a significant trend toward higher response rates and lower incidence of infections and injection-site reactions in patients initiating adalimumab later in the study. Patient characteristics, such as concomitant methotrexate therapy and early stage RA, were significant predictors of the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab. Conclusions. Patient characteristics have changed since adalimumab became available for the treatment of RA; several of these characteristics were significant predictors of adalimumab effectiveness and safety.
The Effect of Pseudoscientific Health Claims on Consumer Response to Food Advertising

Nutrition and health claims are increasingly popular in the advertising and marketing industry as more people demand a “healthier” lifestyle and diet habits. In addition, these claims act as an important competitive tactic in the marketplace today. The increasing use of health claims as an advertising tactic has led to stricter governmental regulations and also points to the need for future research to better understand the impact of scientifically-backed health claims on consumers. In addition, pseudoscientific theories have a long history of influencing how people think or perceive a subject. The use of pseudoscientific health claims is also evidence in food advertising. Building upon from previous research and existing health claims in the marketplace, the author of the present research examines the effect of pseudoscientific and scientific health claims on consumer response to food advertising. Specifically, the study examines how health claims affect consumer attitudes, intentions and perceptions toward a botanical product (Aloe Vera). The research addresses the following important question: which type of health claim (pseudoscientific or scientific) leads to more favorable product attitudes, intentions, and health perceptions?
Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction of Two-Income Family

Objectives: Work-family conflict can arise from two opposite directions: the experiences at work interfere with family life and the experiences in the family interfere with work life. This study explored the effects of the presence of two income sources on the association between work-family conflict and job attitude. Methods: Responses to structured survey questionnaires were received from 236 two-income families living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Results: A differential effect was observed between single-income families and two-income families. Higher job satisfaction was related with lower work interference with family (WIF) among single-income families and with lower family interference with work (FIW) among two-income families. Conclusions: Employee welfare programs need to be expanded to enhance job satisfaction for the increasing number of two-income families.
Inhibition of the Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger With Cariporide to Prevent Myocardial Infarction in High-Risk Ischemic Situations: Main Results of the GUARDIAN Trial

Background—The transmembrane sodium/hydrogen exchanger maintains myocardial cell pH integrity during myocardial ischemia but paradoxically may precipitate cell necrosis. The development of cariporide, a potent and specific inhibitor of the exchanger, prompted this investigation of the potential of the drug to prevent myocardial cell necrosis. Methods and Results—A total of 11 590 patients with unstable angina or non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) or undergoing high-risk percutaneous or surgical revascularization were randomized to receive placebo or 1 of 3 doses of cariporide for the period of risk. The trial failed to document benefit of cariporide over placebo on the primary end point of death or MI assessed after 36 days. Doses of 20 and 80 mg every 8 hours had no effect, whereas a dose of 120 mg was associated with a 10% risk reduction (98% CI 5.5% to 23.4%, P =0.12). With this dose, benefit was limited to patients undergoing bypass surgery (risk reduction 25%, 95% CI 3.1% to 41.5%, P =0.03) and was maintained after 6 months. No effect was seen on mortality. The rate of Q-wave MI was reduced by 32% across all entry diagnostic groups (2.6% versus 1.8%, P =0.03), but the rate of non–Q-wave MI was reduced only in patients undergoing surgery (7.1% versus 3.8%, P =0.005). There were no increases in clinically serious adverse events. Conclusions—No significant benefit of cariporide could be demonstrated across a wide range of clinical situations of risk. The trial documented safety of the drug and suggested that a high degree of inhibition of the exchanger could prevent cell necrosis in settings of ischemia-reperfusion.
Shanghai cold chain logistics

The rise in income, the emergence of e-commerce enterprises, food safety concerns and government policy support have driven the development of China’s cold chain industry. However, some problems remain: the whole cold chain process is subject to frequent breakdowns and failures; the traceability system has not been established; there is a lack of reliable third-party logistics; country-level laws and regulations governing this emerging industry are missing. Given that there is little research into China’s underdeveloped cold chain logistics, this research uses a typical case approach to examine the Shanghai cold chain case. It has been revealed that Shanghai government has been aware of the importance of cold chain logistics in realising its objective of being a shipping and air transport hub. Many logistic firms in Shanghai have seized the opportunity to develop their cold chain businesses. However, it appears that the existing cold chain facilities are still small in scale and most of the firms are unable to provide seamless and reliable cold chain services from suppliers to consumers as they have claimed, resulting in numerous complains for food quality problems. Australian food exporters need to choose to work with Chinese importers that have established cold chain facilities and management skills to ensure a complete commitment to food quality and safety. Australian cold chain logistics firms could also consider exporting their expertise that is much needed by their Chinese counterparts when the country increases food exports to China.
New absolute rotor-position sensors for inverter-driven motors

A new type of variable-reluctance (VR) resolver is presented for rotor-position sensing. This VR resolver is realized by varying airgap reluctance in certain waveform. Without winding on rotor and with only simple winding patterns on stator, and without structure constrains on size as in conventional resolvers, this resolver can be designed into compact size and is suitable to be integrated into PMSM or brushless motors. Sample testings show that the errors between standard sine-wave and the resolver outputs are within 1%, position error is within 2.3E-3 RAD.
Comparison of the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide on lithium disposition.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the interaction between lithium and diuretics, comparing both the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacodynamic variable of hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, and placebo. METHOD The study, which took place in an outpatient research clinic of a university hospital, used a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. The subjects were normal, healthy male volunteers who responded to recruitment announcements. Thirteen subjects entered and completed the study. All subjects took lithium, 300 mg b.i. d. , for 6 weeks. Hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg b.i. d. ; furosemide, 20 mg b.i. d. ; and placebo were given during weeks 2, 4, and 6 in a random order of assignment. Serum lithium levels and indices of diuretic activity were measured during each week. RESULTS The subjects' serum lithium levels after 5 days of taking hydrochlorothiazide were significantly higher than after 5 days of taking furosemide and placebo. At the doses studied, hydrochlorothiazide was also more potent than furosemide in increasing plasma renin activity, increasing sodium excretion, and decreasing lithium excretion. CONCLUSIONS The observed differences between diuretics in effects on serum lithium may have been due to differences in the potency of the diuretics at the doses studied as well as in the site of action of the diuretic effect. The results must be interpreted cautiously, however, because the effects were small and of questionable clinical significance, and the study used healthy volunteers and low doses of lithium instead of psychiatric patients and the usual therapeutic levels of lithium.
A gentle introduction to coded computational photography

Computational photography tries to expand the concept of traditional photography (a static two dimensional projection of a scene) using state-of-the-art technology. While this can be achieved by combining information from multiple conventional pictures, a more interesting challenge consists in encoding and recovering additional information from one (or more) image(s). Since a photograph results from the convolution of scene radiance with the camera's aperture (integrated over the exposure time), researchers have designed apertures with certain desirable spectral properties to facilitate the deconvolution process and, consequently, the recovery of scene information. Images captured using these so-called coded apertures can be deconvolved to create all-in-focus images, and to estimate scene depth, among other things. Images of moving objects acquired using a coded exposure (obtained by switching between a fully-closed and a fully-opened aperture, according to a predefined pattern) can be deconvolved to reduce motion blur. The notion of encoding information during image acquisition opens up new and exciting possibilities, which researchers have just begun to explore. This article provides a gentle introduction to coded photography, focusing on the fundamental concepts and essential mathematical tools.
Detection of an Intruder and Prediction of His State of Motion by Using Seismic Sensor

Detection of intruders and predicting their activities are the first and foremost needs of surveillance. An embedded system employing geophone, adaptive event extraction, and robust machine learning algorithms have made it possible not only to detect the presence of a potentially harmful intruder but also to predict to a high degree of accuracy, his state of motion, and to take counter action at the earliest. This paper aims to be an in-depth study of this simple yet effective technique of intruder detection and its subsequent predictive analysis of motion which should come as a handy aid to security solutions all-around. The proposed event extraction technique detects footfall events and extracts portions of the signal that correspond to an event. Using the classifier SVM-RBF and the proposed event extraction technique the presence of an intruder can be predicted with an accuracy of 86% from a signal of length 2 s and its state of motion with an accuracy of 77% from a signal of length 6 s.
2013 UK National Guideline for the management of lymphogranuloma venereum

Aetiology and epidemiology: – LGV is now hyperendemic among MSM in the UK; higher levels than in 2005 – no evidence of significant heterosexual spread within the UK – cases continue to be mostly MSM, most of whom were also known to be HIV positive and many co-infected with other STIs, including HCV . Diagnosis: – Commercial molecular diagnostic techniques to detect C. trachomatis remain the primary test of choice, with referral of C. trachomatis-positive specimens for molecular tests to confirm the presence of LGV-associated DNA . Management: – First-line treatment remains doxycycline 100mg BD for 3 weeks. Evidence for the role of other antibiotics remains scarce, but azithromycin in multiple-dose regimens may be preferable to erythromycin.
White matter abnormalities in first-episode, treatment-naive young adults with major depressive disorder.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the microstructural integrity of whole-brain white matter by diffusion tensor imaging in first-episode, treatment-naive young adults with major depressive disorder. METHOD Diffusion tensor imaging scans were obtained from 14 first-episode, treatment-naive young adult patients with major depressive disorder and 14 healthy comparison subjects. A voxel-based method was used to analyze the scans. RESULTS The patient group exhibited significantly lower fractional anisotropy values than healthy comparison subjects in the white matter of the right middle frontal gyrus, the left lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, and the subgyral and angular gyri of the right parietal lobe. There were no regions of significantly higher fractional anisotropy values in patients compared with healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that abnormalities of brain white matter may be present early in the course of major depressive disorder. They also support the idea that white matter lesions may disrupt the neural circuits involved in mood regulation and thus contribute to the neuropathology of major depressive disorder.