Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs 1. Effects of food intake, sex and live weight on the responses of growing pigs to lysine concentration

The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine concentration, as influenced by food intake, sex (intact males and females) and live weight were investigated in a 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment involving 128 Large White pigs. Lysine concentrations were 7, 8, 9 and 10 g/kg air-dry food. The basal wheat-soya bean meal diet (14·0 MJ digestible energy per kg) was offered either ad libitum or on a restricted feeding scale to pigs from 20 to 85 kg live weight. During the 50 to 85 kg growth phase, the effects of proportionately reducing the lysine concentrations by 0·2 were investigated. Performance response was assessed in two ways; by analysis of variance for the 20 to 50, 50 to 85 and 20 to 85 kg phases, and by response surface analyses of data from successive 10-kg weight intervals. An initial analysis of variance indicated that food intake (of pigs fed ad libitum ), daily gain and food conversion ratio varied with lysine concentration, but that the responses differed with food intake, sex and phase of growth. Analysis of the response surfaces delineated by lysine level and phase of growth indicated that for males and females with restricted food and males fed ad libitum , maximum daily gain was produced by feeding at least 10 g lysine per kg, declining to about 8 g/kg at 80 kg. With females fed ad libitum , maximum daily gain was obtained by feeding 9·9 g lysine per kg at 20 kg, declining to less than 5·6 g/kg at 75 kg. Carcass characteristics were largely unaffected by lysine concentration.
Phenotypic plasticity of insects: mechanisms and consequences.

What is Phenotypic Plasticity and Why is it Important? Phenotypic Plasticity and the Semantics of Polythenism: A Historical Review and Current Perspectives Phenotypic Plasticity and the Origins of Diversity: A Case Study on Horned Beetles Developmental Flexibility, Phenotypic Plasticity, and Host Plants: A Case Study with Nemoria Caterpillars Phase Polyphenism in Locusts: Mechanisms, Population, Consequences, Adaptive Significance and Evolution Density-Dependent Prophylaxis in Insects Natural Enemy-Induced Plasticity in Plants and Animals A Behaviorally Plasticity Response to Risk of Predation: Oviposition Site Selection by a Mosquito in Response to its Predators Polyphenisms in Lepidoptera: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Studies of Evolution and Development Causes and Consequences of Phenotypic Plasticity in Body Size: The Case of the Yellow Dung Fly Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Scathophagidae She Shapes Events as they Come: Plasticity in Female Insect Reproduction Temperature Dependence of Development Rate, Growth Rate and Size: From Biophysics to Adaptation The Developmental-Physiological Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity Wing Polymorphism in Gryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) Proximate Endocrine, Energetic and Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying Morph Specialization for Flight vs. Reproduction Evolution of Homeostatic Physiological Systems Acclimation as Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity Heat Shock Proteins and their Role in Generating, Maintaining and Even Preventing Alternative Insect Phenotypes Learned Host Preferences Adaptive Maternal Effects: A Case Study of Egg Size Plasticity in a Seed-Feeding Bettle On the Origins of Insect Hormone Signaling Phenotypic Plasticity and Evolvability: An Empirical Test with Experimental Evolution
Patrones de producción en dos poblaciones aisladas de Agelaius icterocephalus (Aves-Icteridae)

I studied two colonies of Yellow-hooded Blackbirds, of different subspecies, in low and high elevation sites in Colombia in 1987 and 1988. Territories of Agelaius icterocephalus icterocephalus at Agua Prieta (Iow elevation) were one-fifth as large as those of A.i. bogotense at La Herrera (high elevation), and included cattails as the main nesting substrate, while those at La Herrera only included bulrush. Nests at La Herrera were larger than those at Agua Prieta. Whereas at Agua Prieta the birds foraged outside the marsh, at La Herrera territories were used both for nesting and feeding. Breeding was seasonal for both populations.
Manejo ecológico de Cynodon dactylon mediante verdeos consociados

En San Genaro (Santa Fe, Argentina), la ordenanza 18/2008 prohibe la aplicacion de agroquimicos en la zona periurbana. Los afectados por la ordenanza son en su amplia mayoria productores familiares de leche, que demandan alternativas para el manejo del gramon ( Cynodon dactylon) en sus verdeos de avena. Por ello, instituciones locales convocaron a la conformacion de equipos de trabajo para analizar alternativas productivas en fincas de productores. Esto condujo a iniciar un proceso de investigacion accion participativa (IAP) tendiente a aportar alternativas para el manejo agroecologico de malezas en areas periurbanas. Con el objetivo de evaluar coberturas del suelo en intercultivos para obtener una combinacion de especies que ofrezca mayor capacidad para el manejo del gramon, se implanto en finca de un productor avena consociada con distintas especies. El primer ano se utilizo Vicia villosa , Lollium multiflorum , Trifolium repens y Trifolium pratense y un segundo ano solo V. villosa en comparacion con avena pura. A partir de registros fotograficos se procedio al calculo de los porcentajes de cobertura de suelo, mediante el programa informatico Cobcal. Los resultados indican que la consociacion de especies forrajeras en verdeos de avena se presenta como una posible estrategia para el manejo de gramon. La Vicia villosa se comporto como una muy buena especie acompanante, aumentando considerablemente la cobertura del suelo durante todo el ciclo
Effects of dietary protein levels on the growth, survival, amylase and trypsin activities in large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena Crocea R., larvae

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary graded protein levels on the growth, survival, amylase and trypsin activities of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) larvae from 12 to 42 days after hatching (DAH). Five approximately isoenergetic microbound diets (16.65 MJ/kg diet) were formulated to contain different protein (47.1%, 52.0%, 57.1%, 62.2% and 67.5%) levels. Frozen copepods, containing 54.5% crude protein (CP), 6.0% crude lipid, 27.2% ash and 6.7% glycogen, were used as a control. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of larvae with an initial mean body weight of 1.76 ± 0.09 mg (mean ± SD) in 180 L white plastic tanks, and each tank was stocked initially with 3500 larvae. Both the survival and the specific growth rate (SGR) of large yellow croaker larvae significantly increased with increasing dietary protein level up to 57.1%, and decreased thereafter. Frozen copepods resulted in intermediate survival and low SGR compared with the other diets. Whole-body moisture and protein of larvae were not significantly affected by the dietary protein level. In contrast, whole-body lipid of larvae fed diet with 47.1% CP was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those from fish fed the diets containing more than 57.1% CP. Additionally, fish fed the frozen copepods had the lowest whole-body protein and lipid. The amylase-specific activity increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate level during the period of this experiment. However, trypsin activity was not significantly affected by the dietary protein content before 42 DAH, indicating a later onset of trypsin than amylase in the regulation of enzymatic synthesis induced by a dietary substrate.
Rapid formation of few polyhedral mutants of Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus during serial passage in cell culture

Abstract Four genotypic variants of Lymantria dispar multi-nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) were used to investigate the generation of few polyhedra (FP) mutants during viral propagation in the L. dispar 652Y cell line. Titers of budded virus, the percentage of infected cells producing polyhedra, the amount of polyhedra produced per cell, the proportion of virus exhibiting an FP phenotype, virion occlusion characteristics, and changes in genomic DNA digestion profiles were investigated through five serial passages. LdMNPV FP mutants arose and became predominate very quickly during serial passage. Greater than 92% of the virus present after the second passage exhibited an FP phenotype in three of the four LdMNPV isolates studied. The amount of budded virus produced by the isolates was from approximately 150- to 250-fold greater at the third passage compared to the amount produced at the first passage. The percentage of infected cells producing polyhedra decreased by an average of 35.6% during serial passage. The number of polyhedra produced per cell decreased between 2.3- and 5.6 fold from the first to the third passage. Restriction endonuclease digestion profiles of the genomic DNA of the FP mutants were analyzed to determine whether genotypic changes occurred that could be correlated with the appearance of the FP phenotype. The genomic DNA digestion profiles of FP mutants in three of the four isolates matched the profiles of the original wild-type isolates. A DNA insertion of 0.9 kb was found in the fourth isolate; however, it was shown not to be the basis for the FP phenotype. These results indicate that FP mutants arise rapidly during serial propagation of LdMNPV in cell culture. In contrast to other baculoviruses, the LdMNPV FP mutants studied in this investigation appear 60 lack DNA insertions of readily detectable length that could be correlated with the appearance of the FP phenotype.
NF-κB and TNF-α: A Positive Autocrine Loop in Human Lung Mast Cells?

The generation of cytokines, particularly TNF-α, by mast cells is crucial for the initiation of the allergic response. A key transcription factor involved in the synthesis of TNF-α is NF-κB. Using a mAb specific for the activated form of NF-κB, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and gel shift assays have been used in conjunction to localize this transcription factor to human lung mast cells and to study its activation. Activation of mast cells with stem cell factor (10 ng/ml) and anti-IgE (1 μg/ml) induced maximal activation of NF-κB at 4 and 2 h, respectively. In contrast, with TNF-α (5 ng/ml) maximal activation occurred within 15 min. Parallel falls in IκB were demonstrated. Confocal microscopy demonstrated the localization of the activated form of NF-κB to the nuclei of activated mast cells. NF-κB activation was verified using a gel shift assay. A supershift assay showed mast cell NF-κB to be composed primarily of p50 with smaller amounts of p65. No interaction with Abs for Rel-A, c-Rel, Rel-B, and p52 was seen. Immunocytochemistry and ELISAs showed TNF-α to be stored within mast cells and released into the extracellular environment following activation. The possible participation of TNF-α generated by mast cells in NF-κB activation by anti-IgE was investigated using a blocking Ab for TNF-α. The blocking Ab reduced NF-κB activation by anti-IgE by >50%, suggesting that the release of preformed mast cell-associated TNF-α acts as a positive autocrine feedback signal to augment NF-κB activation and production of further cytokine, including GM-CSF and IL-8.
Effects of cowpea intersowing and insecticide application on Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemies in pigeonpea intercropped with sorghum

In a split-plot experiment, Helicoverpa armigera eggs, larvae, and H. armigera egg predators were sampled weekly or biweekly to test whether intersowing of cowpea could increase the natural control of Helicoverpa armigera in pigeonpea that had been relay intercropped with sorghum, and to test the effect of an insecticide treatment on the H. armigera population and on its natural enemies. Cowpea intersowing resulted in higher numbers of H. armigera eggs and larvae per pigeonpea plant in the first 3 weeks ofsampling, whereas the predator species studied were not significantly affected, possibly due to the small overlap between the composition of natural enemies in sorghum and pigeonpea: the two beneficial species Orius tantillus (Motschulsky) (Heteroptera: Anthochoridae) and Menochilus sexmaculatus F. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), very common predators in sorghum, occurred in low numbers in pigeonpea, where the most common predators were Cheiracanthium inornatum O.P.-Cambridge (Aranea: Clubionidae) and anthi.
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND STRESS MANAGEMENT IN ADOLESCENTS STUDYING AT HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL OF AURANGABAD CITY

Today, we all are a part of globalizing era which is characterized by excellence, competitions, quality etc. along with stress, strain on human beings. Stress is an inseparable part of human life. To fulfill social, environmental, economic needs one has to face stress, strain and anxiety. Particularly adolescents are marked by stressful events and psychological challenges. The present study is an attempt to find out whether there exist any correlation between Emotional intelligence and stress management . A sample of 200 science students studying at higher secondary levelwas selected through random sampling technique. The correlation(r) was calculated using Pearson’s correlation method and the findings revealed that there is asignificant positive correlation between Emotional intelligence and Stress management.
Phylogenetic status of Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae in the Cecidomyiidae family

The Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae is a one of the major pest of rice which seriously infests the rice of several Asian countries and it causes major economic loses. The formation of silvery white hollow tube gall (silver shoot) is the major symptom of the rice gall midge infestation. Different biotypes or populations of rice gall midge were observed after the wide use of gall midge resistant rice varieties and the chemical control of the gal midge is difficult, because the larvae are safe inside the gall. In this study we have developed a DNA barcode and determined the phylogenetic status of Asian rice gall midge, O. oryzae in Cecidomyiidae family. Among the species used in this study F. acarivora is the nearest relative of O. oryzae and R. yagoi is the distant relative and the mitochondrial DNA of the O. oryzae also showed clear bias to AT and it showed close similarity mean observed AT composition of the insect mtDNA. This study also revealed that the nucleotides in the each codone position of O. oryzae have variation in the strong and less constrained position of codones with other species of Cecidomyiidae family.
Las especies nativas y exóticas de Tabebuia y Handroanthus (Tecomeae, Bignoniaceae) en Argentina

Los estudios mas recientes en Argentina sobre el genero Tabebuia y Handroanthus reconocen la existencia de dos y seis especies nativas respectivamente, ademas de una especie exotica de Handroanthus cultivada en el arbolado urbano. Sin embargo no todo esta resuelto en los generos, por cuanto se citan conflictos taxonomicos para el noroeste argentino (NOA). Nuevas colecciones que se efectuaron en Salta y Jujuy, y la revision de un importante numero de ejemplares de herbarios, confirmaron la existencia de una muy alta variabilidad en las poblaciones de la region NOA y de situaciones conflictivas y/o confusas que impedian la correcta identificacion de las entidades. Debido a ello, se considera necesario efectuar la revision de los generos analizando materiales completos que incluyan todos los estados fenologicos, de manera de estudiar el mayor numero de caracteres en todos los organos de la planta (hojas jovenes, hojas adultas, inflorescencias y flores, frutos y semillas). Como resultado se encontro que el numero de taxones nativos es de siete en Handroanthus , con el agregado de un nuevo taxon varietal y de dos en Tabebuia ; ademas se identifico otra especie cultivada de Tabebuia con lo que el numero de taxones exoticos de ambos generos asciende a dos. Se describen todas las entidades, detallando la variabilidad existente en las poblaciones nativas, y se ajustan los rangos de distribucion en el pais.
The impact of fish‐oil fatty acids on postprandial vascular reactivity (959.22)

Vascular dysfunction is a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. High fat meals tend to incur a postprandial loss of vascular reactivity, with our previous work showing that the inclusion of fish oil, providing the long chain n‐3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in part ameliorated the response. In this randomised placebo controlled crossover study (n=25), the individual impact of EPA versus DHA (4.2g) on postprandial vascular reactivity in males aged 35‐55 years old at 1.5 relative risk of CVD was assessed, along with underlying physiological mechanisms.
Epithelial Cell Differentiation--a Mather of Choice

The epithelium of the gut is composed of four different cell types that differentiate from a common progenitor stem cell pool in the crypts. But what are the signals that influence progenitor cells to adopt one of four possible cell fates? In a Perspective, van den Brink et al . discuss new findings ( Yang et al .) that identify the transcription factor, Math1, as an important mediator of cell fate choice by gut epithelial progenitor cells.
Differentiation of nuclear structure during the sexual cycle in Tetrahymena thermophila: II. Degeneration and autolysis of macro- and micronuclei

During the postzygotic period of the sexual phase (conjugation) in the protozoon, Tetrahymena, the parental somatic macronucleus and one of the presumptive germinal micronuclei degenerate and eventually disintegrate within the cells. Electron microscopy was applied to reveal the fine-structural details of the degeneration and autolysis of these macro- and micronuclei. From detailed analysis of our data, we divided the different processes involved into several distinct cytological stages. An initial event of degeneration is the strong condensation of the nuclei, referred to as nuclear pyknosis. This process also involves transformation of the nuclear envelope, including the loss of pore complexes, attached ribosomes, and continuity with the endoplasmic reticulum. Following this event, large, flattened cisternae can occasionally be seen in the process of enveloping pyknotic nuclei (autophagosome formation). A later stage is reached when the autophagosome has closed and its inner membrane has dissolved (autophagosome type II according to the classification of Nilsson). At this stage, small, electron-lucent vesicles can be seen fusing with and/or ‘pinching off’ from the phagosome membrane around old macronuclei. Very dense old macronuclei are sometimes encountered in which the surface layer has become so compressed that the residual nuclear envelope underneath the autophagosome membrane is obscured (compact autophagosome stage). In a later typical stage, the residual nuclear envelope reappears and separates from the autophagosome membrane (‘sickle’ stage). During this stage, there is the first clear morphological indication of chromatin digestion. The last stage that we were able to observe is characterized by the presence of a large autophagosome and a light ‘halo’ around the enclosed pyknotic nucleus (‘halo’ stage). During this stage, lysosomes fuse with the autophagosome, creating an auto(phago)lysosome. Within these organelles, progressive digestion and destruction of the pyknotic nuclei are observable.
Dietary factors influencing non-heme iron absorption

Background: The enhancing effect of meat on non-heme iron bioavailability in humans is thought to be due to the release of low-molecular-weight (LMW) iron- binding peptides during digestion. Objective: To better characterize LMW iron-binding peptides from meat digests. Methods: Cooked beef, chicken, cod, lamb, and pork myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic protein extracts, casein, and egg albumin were digested in vitro with pepsin or pepsin/pancreatin. Ultrafiltrates were analyzed for N and iron and further characterized by gel filtration with added Fe, amino acid analysis, and LC-MS. Results: 84-98% of total iron in enzymic digests was associated with soluble LMW peptides ( corresponding sarcoplasmic protein digests. Pepsin digestion alone of the myobrillar proteins generated > 80% soluble LMW iron, compared to albumin. Iron-binding peptides from myofibrillar protein with an estimated 2 kDa molecular mass were separated by gel filtration. Peptides in this fraction were enriched in aspartic and glutamic acid residues and included potential peptide fragments of myosin. Conclusion: LMW ( the major facilitators of iron solubility. Unlike with casein, egg albumin, and most sarcoplasmic proteins, these LMW peptides were generated on pepsin digestion. One group of iron-binding peptides had a mass of ~2 kDa and was enriched in glutamic and aspartic acids. Such early generation of a multitude of LMW iron- binding peptides could explain the enhancing effect of muscle tissue on iron absorption.
Precedence of the first male sperm in successive matings in the Hymenoptera Diadromus pulchellus

In most insect species where double matings occur, sperm from the second male preferentially fertilize subsequent eggs. However, we demonstrate here that, as already shown for some other hymenopteran species, this is not the case in the ichneumonid wasp Diadromus pulchellus (Wesmeal): sperm from the first male usually father all the female progeny. This precedence of the first male sperm is also observed in double matings involving an haploid male and a diploid sterile male, whichever is the first mating male. We discuss the consequences of this phenomenon from an evolutionary point of view.
The Role of Immune Response in Periodontal Disease

치아주위조직(periodontal tissue)은 구강 내로 경조직인 치아의 맹출(eruption)이 일어나면서 연조직과 경조직 사 이에 불연속성의 계면이 형성되는 독특한 해부학적 구 조와, 타액의 분비에 의해 항상 젖어있는 환경, 그 안에 존재하는 높은 밀도의 상주 세균총, 말하기 등 일상적인 활동에 따른 외부환경에 대한 잦은 노출, 음식물 저작으 로 인한 끊임없는 자극으로 말미암아, 세균의 침입에 광 범위하게 노출되어 있다(Fig. 1A). 그럼에도 불구하고 많 은 사람들에 있어서, 어떤 연령층에 이르기까지는, 정기 적인 칫솔질 외에 치주조직을 건강하게 유지하는 데 큰 노력이 필요하지 않은 것처럼 보인다. 그러나, 치주염 (periodontitis)은 한국남자의 10대 만성질병에 포함될 만 큼(1) 유병률이 매우 높은 중요한 만성질환으로서, 연령 의 증가에 따라 치주조직의 파괴와 치아의 동요 및 탈락 을 수반하는 심한 치주염의 발생률이 증가한다. 구강세균총과 선천성 면역. 치아주위조직을 비롯한 인 체의 여러 부위에는 매우 다양한 세균들로 구성된 세균 총이 존재하고, 이러한 세균총은 조직과 직접 접촉해 매 우 긴밀한 관계를 유지하고 있다. 이러한 오랜 기간 동안 미생물과의 끊임없는 접촉은 공생적인 것뿐만 아니라 병원성 숙주로서의 사람의 진화에 큰 영향을 미쳤을 것 이다. 특히 사람에 있어서 많은, 아마도 거의 모든 세포 들로 하여금 미생물의 침입에 대하여 반응을 보이게 하 며, 국소적인 방어 기전을 개시할 뿐 아니라, 면역계의 특성화된 세포들을 모집하고 활성화시킴으로써, 신체를 잠재적 병원성 미생물들의 끊임없는 위협으로부터 방어 하는 중요한 요소인 선천성 면역반응(Innate response) 체 계는 가장 큰 영향을 받았을 것으로 보인다(2). 치주질환의 면역학
Nuevas adiciones para la flora de Veracruz

We report 17 new records of angiosperms belonging to 11 families and 13 genera for Acultzingo and Maltrata municipalities in the state of Veracruz, in addition to two more species representing rediscoveries for the state. Furthermore, data on species habitat, distribution, and endemism are also provided. We confirm the inclusion of this area as part of the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Floristic Province.
Oxidative stability and quality traits of n-3 PUFA enriched chicken meat

RIASSUNTO Stabilità ossidativa e caratteristiche qualitative di carne di pollo arricchita con PUFA n-3 – 360 broiler, femmine ceppo Cobb 500, hanno ricevuto da 21 d fino alla macellazione (46 d) una dieta commerciale addizionata con 0, 0,5 o 1% dell’alga marina Schizochitrium sp. apportatrice di PUFA n-3. Le carni con un più alto contenuto di PUFA n-3 presentano una ridotta stabilità ossidativa, particolarmente evidente nel petto, mentre le proprietà organolettiche valutate nella coscia non risultano influenzate dal trattamento dietetico. Il colore del petto appare più intenso nel gruppo che ha ricevuto la più alta integrazione di alga.