Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P 300 as an auxiliary method in clinical practice : A review of literature

Cognitive functions can be assessed and followed up over a period of time with cognitive evoked potentials (CEP) P300� In this context, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) are most commonly used, but visual evoked potentials (VEP) are utilized as well� The research in this area has demonstrated that these techniques could be used as a supplemental method in diagnostics of numerous diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, epilepsy, craniocerebral trauma, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and other degenerative diseases� In addition, P300 can also be used as an auxiliary method in the diagnostics of mental disorders conditions such as schizophrenia, panic disorders, narcotic drug addiction, nicotinism, alcoholism, etc� The method assists in monitoring the course of diseases leading to encephalopathy, such as liver and kidney damage and grave anaemia� The advantages of P300 testing are easy application, non-invasiveness, and an unlimited number of potential applications� Moreover, the results obtained with this method are measurable and can be compared�
Population structure and genetic diversity of invasive Phyla canescens: implications for the evolutionary potential

Population bottlenecks during founder events tend to constrict the genetic diversity in introduced populations, thereby limiting their evolutionary potential and subsequent ability to adapt to their new environment. Paradoxically, rapid evolutionary changes have been recently found to be widespread in invasive species and have been proposed as a precursor to successful invasions. Information about population structure, introduction history and genetic diversity is essential for addressing this paradox and testing evolutionary hypotheses for any specific invasive species. In this study, we used microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic properties that may underpin the evolutionary potential of the invasive herb Phyla canescens, for which rapid, selection-driven evolution has already been demonstrated. Population structure and genetic diversity were compared between the native (South America) and two introduced ranges (eastern Australia and southern France). South American populations included all the 64 alleles found in the study and most individuals belonged to two distinct genetic clusters originating from northwest Argentina and central Argentina respectively. Invasive populations in eastern Australia and southern France were most closely linked to the central Argentine cluster. Microsatellite results also showed both a reduced genetic diversity at the population level, and the occurrence of a significant genetic bottleneck in many introduced populations. Our results suggest that P. canescens can undergo rapid, selection-driven evolution despite significant population bottlenecks and reductions in diversity. The question about the ‘genetic paradox' for P. canescens therefore is how much genetic diversity is enough to underpin rapid evolution, or whether it is the type of diversity rather than the amount that is important.
Discussion Papers 07-19 Federations , Constitutions and Political Bargaining

The paper studies a world where a region provides essential inputs for the successful implementation of a local public policy project with spill-overs, and where bargaining between different levels of government may ensure efficient decision making ex post. We ask whether the authority over the public policy measure should rest with the local government or be centralized, allowing financial relationships within the federation to be designed optimally. We show that centralization is always dominant when governments are benevolent, and that both governance structures are otherwise inefficient as long as political bargaining is disregarded. With bargaining, however, the first best can often be achieved under decentralization, but not under centralization. At the root of the result is the alignment of decision making over both essential inputs and final project size under decentralization. JEL Classification: D23, D78, H21, H 77
Scaling Betweenness Centrality in Dynamic Graphs

The Betweenness Centrality of a vertex is an important metric used for determining how “central” a vertex is in a graph based on the number of shortest paths going through that vertex. Computing the betweenness centrality of a graph is computationally expensive, $O(V\cdot(V+E))$. This has led to the development of several important optimizations including: approximation, parallelization, and dealing with dynamic updates. Dynamic graph algorithms are extremely favorable as the amount of work that they require is orders of magnitude smaller than their static graph counterparts. Recently, several such dynamic graph algorithms for betweenness centrality have been introduced. Many of these new dynamic graph algorithms tend to have decent parallel scalability when the betweenness centrality metric is computed in an exact manner. However, for the cases where the approximate solution is used, the scalability drops because of bad load-balancing due to the reduction in the amount of work. In this paper, we show a dynamic graph betweenness centrality algorithm that has good parallel scalability for both exact and approximate computations. We show several new optimizations made to the data structures, the load balancing technique, and the parallel granularity that have improved overall performance to 1.6X–4X faster than one of the fastest previous implementations. More so, our new algorithm scales to larger thread counts than before.
Minimum Time Approach to Emergency Collision Avoidance by Vehicle Handling Inverse Dynamics

Vehicle driving safety is the urgent key problem to be solved of automobile independent development while encountering emergency collision avoidance with high speed. And it is also the premise and one of the necessary conditions of vehicle active safety. A new technique of vehicle handling inverse dynamics which can evaluate the emergency collision avoidance performance is proposed. Based on optimal control theory, the steering angle input and the traction/brake force imposed by driver are the control variables; the minimum time required to complete the fitting biker line change is the control object. By using the improved direct multiple shooting method, the optimal control problem is converted into a nonlinear programming problem that is then solved by means of the sequential quadratic programming. The simulation results show that the proposed method can solve the vehicle minimum time maneuver problem, and can compare the maneuverability of two different vehicles that complete fitting biker line change with the minimum time and the correctness of the model is verified through real vehicle test.
LIFE HISTORIES OF TILLERS OF ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUM IN RELATION TO TUNDRA DISTURBANCE

SUMMARY (1) Life-tables were constructed for vegetative tillers of Eriophorum vaginatum from undisturbed and disturbed tussock tundra in Alaska. Life-tables were also constructed for tillers from tundra that had been fertilized with N, P and K. The life-tables were used to estimate population parameters and to construct constant coefficient matrix models of tiller demography. (2) Tiller survival was lower in disturbed than it was in undisturbed tundra, and daughter tillers were produced sooner. Addition of nutrients (as fertilizer) produced no change in tiller survival and in the age distribution of daughter tiller production in the first year following fertilization. The shapes of the survival curves were intermediate between Deevey Type I and Deevey Type II curves. (3) The generation time for tillers in undisturbed tundra was 5.3 years-about twice as long as in disturbed tundra-while the annual rate of increase of tillers did not differ greatly. Fertilization produced large increases in the annual rate of increase, but the generation time was shortened only slightly. (4) Reproductive values, defined as the expected number of daughter tillers from tillers of a given age relative to the expected number from a tiller aged 0, fell into one of three patterns: (i), decline from maximum value at age 0; (ii), increase from age 0 followed by a monotonic decline; (iii), increase from age 0 followed by a gradual, irregular decline and a plateau in the older age classes. The peak in reproductive value for patterns (ii) and (iii) occurred 2-4 years after the onset of tillering at age 1 or 2 years; this result was attributed to increases in age-specific tillering rate with tiller age. (5) Sensitivity analysis of the matrix models revealed that sensitivity of the annual rate of increase to changes in tillering rate and survival declines with age. The annual rate of increase was equally sensitive to changes in tillering rate and survival from age 0 to age 3. In the older age classes the annual rate of increase was more sensitive to changes in tillering rate than to changes in survival.
Towards a silicon dual polarization ring resonator sensor for multiplexed and label-free structural analysis of molecular interactions

Label-free evanescent wave biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance and ring resonator sensors, are often employed to study biomolecular interactions in real-time with only little sample preparation. By monitoring the phase change of a single optical mode, they measure the combined change of the refractive index and thickness of a biomolecular layer, which can be linked to a molecular concentration. Nevertheless, a disentanglement of these parameters would yield extra information on the molecular structure, such as DNA-orientation and protein conformation, which is of great interest in the study of biomolecular interactions and which has already proven to play an important role in several cancers and in Alzheimer’s disease.
The pathic/haptic relationship in philosophy of cinema. The case of "Doubt" (John Patrick Shanley, 2008)

Partiendo de algunos pasajes del Tratado de la Argumentación de Perelman y Olbrechts-Tyteca y de la Retorica de Aristóteles, el artículo examina el papel de la componente emocional (denominada “pática”) en la experiencia fílmica. La discusión comporta tres pasos: 1) se recuerda el concepto de significación añadida que Kulesov y Canudo atribuyen al cine; 2) se muestra in situ, en relación con la película Doubt (J.P. Shanley, 2008), el modo en que actúa tal significación, lo que nos lleva al análisis del concepto de lo “háptico”; 3) se intenta buscar, mediante el uso de los instrumentos analíticos de la fenomenología husserliana, el origen de la componente pática. Se concluye que nuestro análisis indica la pertinencia de un nuevo concepto de racionalidad definido por la “razón pática”. Palabras clave: Experiencia fílmica, fenomenología, háptico, razón pática, significación.
Ion-acoustic waves in a two-electron-temperature plasma: oblique modulation and envelope excitations

Theoretical and numerical studies are carried out for the nonlinear amplitude modulation of ion-acoustic waves propagating in an unmagnetized, collisionless, three-component plasma composed of inertial positive ions moving in a background of two thermalized electron populations. Perturbations oblique to the carrier wave propagation direction have been considered. The stability analysis, based on a nonlinear Schrodinger-type equation, shows that the wave may become unstable; the stability criteria depend on the angle θ between the modulation and propagation directions. Different types of localized excitations (envelope solitary waves) are shown to exist, in qualitative agreement with satellite observations in the magnetosphere.
Surface spectra of discrete Laplacians

It is well known that the spectra of Laplacians on periodic graphs consist of a finite number of non-degenerate bands and eigenvalues of infinite multiplicity. We consider Laplacians on periodic graphs with boundaries. Under some conditions on the boundary the spectrum of the Laplacian has the so-called surface part, i.e., the spectrum corresponding to waves localized near the boundary. The surface spectrum is of particular interest due to its connection with the study of thermal transport, propagation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves. In this work we describe this spectrum.
Forecasting the Necessity of Grain Fumigation during Storage

Kuzmanov D. , Dimitrov N. (2009): Forecasting the necessity of grain fumigation during storage . Czech J. Food Sci., 27: 210–215. According to the simulation models composed for the population growth and feeding damage of the insects: Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Rhizopertha dominica (F.) the populations densities have been determined at which the grain fumigation costs at using phosphorus hydrogen preparations equal the damage values caused by insects. The necessity of fumigation can be forecasted, according to the population growth time up to these limits. For this purpose, simulation models at temperatures of 21, 24, 27, and 30°C have been used. The products of time and temperature should be calculated at different temperatures and compared according to the simulation results and forecast temperature values during grain storage in particular granary. The action thresholds have been determined according to the models, at which fumigation should be carried out so that no economical losses or quality deteriora tion of grain be admitted. The results forecast have also been confirmed by freshly harvested wheat storage in a flat storehouse and a metal silo bin. It has been established that grain fumigation can be avoided if grain is stored in flat storehouses and cooled down by ventilation.
On the Tectonic History and Origin of the Northeast Georgia Rise (Synthesis)

Northeast Georgia Rise is located on inferred oceanic crust that is considered Albian in age and to have formed during the separation of Africa and South America. Of the three sites (698, 699, and 700) drilled on the rise during ODP Leg 114, Site 698 reached basement. Basalt overlying a weathered regolith was recovered at Site 698 and a basaltic substratum at the other sites is inferred from the downhole variation in pore-water chemistry. The provenance of a 2-m-thick gravel bed containing abundant clasts of continental lithologies displaced into lower Oligocene ooze at Site 699 is an enigma. The age of basement at Site 700 estimated by applying the observed Late Cretaceous sedimentation rate to the unrecovered sediments below the total drilling depth indicates an age comparable to the estimated age of the crust in the adjacent ocean basin. From this we infer that at least part of the Northeast Georgia Rise was formed at a spreading center by excessive volcanism. At Site 698, later off-axis volcanism contributed to the construction of a western ridge that extended above sea level in pre-Campanian time. At least two episodes of deformation have subsequently modified the topography of the rise. Normal faulting that dissected much of the Northeast Georgia Rise by late Oligocene time is in part coeval with the opening of the Scotia Sea. During the Neogene, the western part of Northeast Georgia Rise experienced uplift of the order of 0.5-1 km, increasing toward South Georgia. Interaction with the advancing South Sandwich Trench and/or the South Georgia block may have induced an extensional regime with movement along low-angle normal faults to form much of the present topography of the southwestern part of the rise.
Planetesimal formation by sweep-up: how the bouncing barrier can be beneficial to growth

Context. The formation of planetesimals is often accredited to the collisional sticking of dust grains. The exact process is unknown, as collisions between larger aggregates tend to lead to fragmentation or bouncing rather than sticking. Recent laboratory experiments have however made great progress in the understanding and mapping of the complex physics involved in dust collisions. Aims. We study the possibility of planetesimal formation using the results of the latest laboratory experiments, particularly by including the fragmentation with mass transfer effect, which might lead to growth even at high impact velocities. Methods. We present a new experimentally and physically motivated dust collision model capable of predicting the outcome of a collision between two particles of arbitrary mass and velocity. The new model includes a natural description of cratering and mass transfer, and provides a smooth transition from equal- to different-sized collisions. It is used together with a continuum dust-size evolution code, which is both fast in terms of execution time and able to resolve the dust at all sizes, allowing for all types of interactions to be studied without biases. Results. For the general dust population, we find that bouncing collisions prevent any growth above millimeter-sizes. However, if a small number of cm-sized particles are introduced, for example by either vertical mixing or radial drift, they can act as a catalyst and start to sweep up the smaller particles. At a distance of 3 AU, 100-m-sized bodies are formed on a timescale of 1 Myr. Conclusions. Direct growth of planetesimals might be a possibility thanks to a combination of the bouncing barrier and the fragmentation with mass transfer effect. The bouncing barrier is here even beneficial, as it prevents the growth of too many large particles that would otherwise only fragment among each other, and creates a reservoir of small particles that can be swept up by larger bodies. However, for this process to work, a few seeds of cm-size or larger have to be introduced.
Chandrahigh-resolution spectra of 4U 1630-47: the disappearance of the wind

We present the analysis of six {\it Chandra} X-ray high-resolution observations of the black hole low-mass X-ray binary 4U~1630-47 taken during its 2012-2013 outburst. {\rm Fe}~{\sc XXVI} K$\alpha$, K$\beta$, {\rm Fe}~{\sc XXV} K$\alpha$, K$\beta$ and {\rm Ca}~{\sc XX} K$\alpha$ blueshifted absorption lines were identified in the first four observations, which correspond to soft accretion states. The remaining observations, associated to intermediate and possibly hard accretion states, do not show significant absorption features down to equivalent width of 1 eV for both {\rm Fe}~{\sc XXVI} and {\rm Fe}~{\sc XXV}. We inferred wind launching radii between $1.2- 2.0$ ($10^{12}$ cm$/n$)$ \times 10^{11}$~cm and column densities $N({\rm H})> 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$. In the first four observations we found that thermal pressure is likely to be the dominant launching mechanism for the wind, although such conclusions depend on the assumed density. We used the spectral energy distributions obtained from our continuum modeling to compute thermal stability curves for all observations using the {\sc xstar} photoionization code. We found that the absence of lines in the transitional state cannot be attributed to an evolution of the plasma caused by thermal instabilities derived from the change in the continuum spectrum. In contrast, the disappearance of the wind could indicate an acceleration of the flow or that the plasma has been exhausted during the soft state.
Ending overfishing while catching more fish

The world's seas and oceans are a vital source of animal protein from fishing and a major contributor to global food security. It has been argued that global wild-catch production has reached its limit, and there is concern that many species are overfished. Concerns are also mounting about the state of marine ecosystems and the ecological impacts of fishing on them, with increasing efforts to protect marine biodiversity. Fisheries appear to be at an impasse – demand for seafood is rising but so is concern about the impacts of fishing. However, through a simple analysis, we show that global exploitation rates are well below long-term sustainable levels at a whole ecosystem level. The oceans can support considerably higher sustainable catch than currently harvested. Overfishing has happened but only to a small fraction of species as a result of intensive and selective fishing. Shifting fishing effort away from highly targeted stocks towards currently underutilized species would reduce pressure on overfished species, result in fewer adverse ecosystem effects of fishing and increase overall fisheries production. This shift requires significant changes to our views about seafood, particularly in the developed world. We suggest ways in which this paradigm shift could happen and the range of expertise that would be required to achieve higher global yields with less ecological impact.
Mobility Support for Vehicular Cloud Radio-Access-Networks with Edge Computing

Vehicular networks provide a variety of data services to vehicles through roadside units (RSUs), and cooperation among multiple RSUs is important to support high mobility of vehicles. However, in conventional vehicular network architectures with independently operating RSUs, coordination of RSUs and mobility support for vehicles are limited as the number of RSUs or vehicles increases. We propose using a vehicular cloud radio access network (vCRAN) with edge computing infrastructure where communication and networking resources are centrally controlled. The proposed vehicular network consists of remote radio heads (RRHs) located at roadsides, mobile edge computing (MEC) servers responsible for signal processing and service management, a cloud server managing MEC servers, and a software-defined network (SDN). This vehicular network provides a mobility support method for seamless inter-Rrhand inter-MEC-server connections for vehicular services.
AiMT Advances in Military Technology Vol . 9 , No . 1 , June 2014 Simulation of the Behavior of the Lithium Ion Battery

The lithium-ion battery is an ideal candidate for a wide variety of applications due to its high energy/power density and operating voltage. In the military it is used in numerous types of communications and army robotic applications. Lithium-ion batteries are used as a primary and a secondary power source. We focus on the use of secondary power sources. The real lithium ion battery is compared with simulation results and with real measurements.
Performative ontologies: Sociomaterial approaches to researching adult education and lifelong learning

Sociomaterial approaches to researching education, such as those generated by actornetwork theory and complexity theory, have been growing in significance in recent years, both theoretically and methodologically. Such approaches are based upon a performative ontology rather than the more characteristic representational epistemology that informs much research. In this article, we outline certain aspects of sociomaterial sensibilities in researching education, and some of the uptakes on issues related to the education of adults. We further suggest some possibilities emerging for adult education and lifelong learning researchers from taking up such theories and methodologies. (DIPF/Orig.)
The Cluster Challenge: 6 Students, 26 Amps, 44 Hours

The inaugural Cluster Challenge competition at the Super- computing 2007 conference saw six teams, each with six undergraduate students, compete to complete a computational science workload within 44 hours. The HPCC benchmarks, GAMESS, POP, and POV-Ray ap- plications formed the workload. One constraint on the cluster was that it had to draw less than 26 amps total at 120 volts. The University of Alberta team placed first in the 2007 challenge. We describe our SGI and Linux-based cluster environment, our experi- ences with hardware and software in preparation for the challenge, and our experiences during the challenge itself. To seasoned cluster adminis- trators and users, many of our observations are familiar, but the Cluster Challenge is an interesting data point in the state (both good and bad) of cluster technology (hardware and software).