Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic studies of the surface layer of caulobacter crescentus : nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the regular surface array gene, and the effect of surface layer and other variables on the development of electroporation for the caulobacters

The regular surface array gene (rsaA) of Caulobacter crescentus codes for the 130K surface layer (S-layer) protein. This S-layer protein forms a paracrystalline array which completely sheaths the bacterium and is comparable to those of many other bacteria. These studies investigate two aspects of the S-layer presented in two parts. In the first, the effect of S-layer on electroporation of Caulobacters is reported with the development of that technique for the transformation of Caulobacters. Many other interesting aspects to this procedure are also reported. The second part details the sequencing of the rsaA gene and includes a comprehensive review of the properties of the 130K S-layer protein as predicted from nucleotide sequence. A significant impediment to genetic analysis of Caulobacters has been the lack of a plasmid transformation procedure. High voltage electroporation-mediated plasmid transformation (electrotransformation) is unusually efficient with freshwater Caulobacters yielding up to 3 x 10 transformants per jig of plasmid pKT230. Optimum conditions for electrotransformation of Caulobacters required a single pulse of high field strength and short duration. Changes in growth media to help adapt marine Caulobacters so that they would survive preparation for electroporation, along with a modification of the preparation regime, resulted in the electrotransformation of MCS6. Several genetic
Acquisition of Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus by the Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum

Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), a newly reported vector of maize dwarf mosaic virus, was used to determine the sites of virus acquisition from corn leaf tissues. The greenhug acquired virus during probes as short as 15 seconds. Virus transmission sharply increased with an increase in probe duration to a maximum of 32% at 120 seconds. A gradual decline in acquisition efficiency occurred with probes beyond 120 seconds. Sheath saliva was observed in tissues of virus-infected corn leaves after 20- and 60-second probes by aphids. Stylet penetration of corn leaves during 20-second probes was primarily intercellular and limited to the epidermis. Both epidermal and parenchymal penetration occurred during 60-second probes. The greenbug transmitted virus when stylet penetration was limited to the epidermis. Increase in virus transmission rate by aphids penetrating the parenchyma implicate this tissue as a possible virus source for aphids.
Study on biological activity of female sex pheromone extracted from gland of Holcocerus hippoophaecoius Hua （Lepidoptera： Cossidae）

Biological activity of female sex pheromone extracted from gland of Holcocerus hippoophaecolus Hua was studied by electroantennographic(EAG) analyses,and was validated in wind-tunnel and field trapping trials.Results showed that sex pheromone was released in particular time(20∶00～0∶00) and reached the maximum at 22∶00,having the strongest attractive effects to male moths.The conclusion provide the scientific basis for the further study of the sex pheromone of H.hippoophaecolus.
The role of PXL-1 and CPNA-1 in the organization of muscle adhesion complexes in Caenorhabditis elegans muscle

ii PREFACE . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xiv DEDICATION . xv 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 C. elegans as a model organism . 1 1.2 C. elegans body wall muscle organization . 2 1.3 Comparison of C. elegans body wall muscle and vertebrate muscle . 7 1.4 Epistatic pathway for building muscle attachment complexes . 15 1.5 Single sarcomere muscle cells in C. elegans . 19 1.6 Thesis objectives . 23 2. THE C. ELEGANS PAXILLIN ORTHOLOG, PXL-1, IS REQUIRED FOR PHARYNGEAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND FOR VIABILITY . 24
The weevil genus Trigonopterus Fauvel (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and its synonyms—a taxonomic study on the species tied to its genus-group names

The genus Trigonopterus Fauvel, 1862 is briefly diagnosed. At present, four junior subjective synonyms of the genus exist: Idotasia Pascoe, 1871, Eurysia Pascoe, 1885, Mimidotasia Voss, 1960 (syn. n.), and Microgymnapterus Voss, 1960 (syn. n.). Trigonopterus vossi nom.n. is proposed as a replacement name of the secondary homonym T. submetallicus (Voss, 1960) nec T. submetallicus Marshall, 1921, and T. micros nom.n. to replace T. minutus (Voss, 1960: 327) nec T. minutus (Voss, 1960: 341). Idotasia nasuta Pascoe is designated type species of Idotasia. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Eurysia fulvicornis Pascoe, Idotasia ebriosa Pascoe, Idotasia elliptica Pascoe, Idotasia inclusa Pascoe, Idotasia nasuta Pascoe, Idotasia scaphioides Pascoe, and Microgymnapterus minutus Voss. The type species of Trigonopterus, Eurysia, Mimidotasia and Microgymnapterus, as well as the five species included in Pascoe´s original description of Idotasia are redescribed: T. ebriosus (Pascoe), T. ellipticus (Pascoe), T. fulvicornis (Pascoe), T. inclusus (Pascoe), T. insignis Fauvel, T. micros nom.n. , T. nasutus (Pascoe), T. scaphioides (Pascoe), and T. vossi nom.n. Trigonopterus egenus (Pascoe) is recognized as a junior synonym of T. scaphioides (Pascoe), syn.n. Trigonopterus oblitus sp.n. , is described based on specimens labeled as paratypes of Microgymnapterus minutus. Douttia basimaculata Voss 1960 is transferred to Trigonopterus: T. basimaculatus (Voss) comb.n. Trigonopterus insignis Fauvel is endemic to New Caledonia, T. fulvicornis (Pascoe) to Sulawesi; the remaining species treated herein are restricted to parts of New Guinea and Maluku. The record of T. egenus (Pascoe) for New Zealand is incorrect.
Forestry operations in the European mountains: a study of current practices and efficiency gaps

ABSTRACT Timber production is an important ecosystem service of European mountain forests. This paper aimed to assess the current practices in logging operations and to identify the efficiency gaps in timber production. The study was located in 7 case study areas from representative European mountain ranges, where 632 logging operations were analysed. The focus was on road infrastructure, transport systems, harvesting methods and extraction technologies. Often inappropriate technology was used in steep terrain; there was no correlation between the average slope and the selection of harvesting systems (HS). Skidding was the most common extraction method (75%), while cable yarding and forwarding had shares of 15% and 8%. The mean road density was 18.5 m ha−1. The mean extraction distance was 501 m. The mean harvesting and extraction productivity were 9.0 and 10.2 m³ h−1; the mean costs were 11.1 and 11.7 € m−³, respectively. Non-mechanized and obsolete HS reported the lowest efficiency and the highest environmental footprint, while fully mechanized systems reported the highest efficiency, the lowest number of accidents and the lowest stand damage. Cable yarders are the appropriate extraction technology in steep terrain, but they require a well-developed road network. Higher mechanization degree, improved quality of the road networks, knowledge transfer to practice and training of forest workers are some of the necessary measures to overcome the efficiency gaps in timber production in European mountain forests.
Medical Safety Management System from the Perspective of a Multifactorial Model of Adverse Events in Medicine

1Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Russia 2Central Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Medical care at the Ministry of Health of Russia, Russia 3Central State Medical Academy Offi ce of the President of the Russian Federation, Russia 4State Government Institution of Moscow City «Informational-Analytical Center for medical care», Russia 5National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia
Foliar Boron Application Improves Flower Fertility and Fruit Set of Olive

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine if foliar B applications prior to flowering increased fruit set in olive (Olea europaea L.) cv. Manzanillo. Boron solutions were applied (935 L.ha -1 ) at four concentrations (0, 246, 491, and 737 mg.L -1 ) to trees exhibiting no vegetative symptoms of B deficiency. Foliar B application increased both the percentage of perfect flowers and fruit set, but no effect on pollen germination was observed in either year. The increase in fruit set was not accompanied by a reduction in fruit size. The beneficial effects of foliar B application varied between years and were greater when fruit set was low. The results obtained here are in agreement with those observed in other tree species, in which foliar B applications made immediately prior to flowering or during the period of floral bud initiation significantly increased fruit set and yield. The physiological basis for this effect, however, remains unclear.
Presence of organic pollutants in the São Francisco river and its compartments

There has been great concern about the presence of organic pollutants in the environment. These types of compounds can be found in different types of habitats and have long term and deleterious effects on all living beings. The main objective of this study was to verify the presence of organic pollutants in different compartments of the Sao Francisco river. Fourteen sites were sampled since right after its springs till marginal lagoons in Pirapora City. The fine sediment was subject to the soxhlet extraction. The extracts were measured in a spectrophotometer in the absorbance range of 589 nm, which correspond to a yellow spectrum that correspond to the extraction of the organic pollutants. The organic matter of the sediments was measured. There was a positive correlation between organic matter content and the absorbance in the yellow color. However, both organic matter content and absorbance did not correlate with the distance from the spring. Even though was not possible to measure which organic pollutants were present in the sediments of the different compartments of the Sao Francisco river, the results of this study clear indicates the presence of these compounds in the samples. The correlation of the organic matter content and the absorbance showed that the organic matter is a important constituent in the sequestration of the organic pollutants. More studies should be conducted to determine which types of compounds are present in these sediments and if there is transfer of these organic pollutants in the aquatic food chain.
A Field Study of the Red Jungle Fowl in North-Central India

The purpose of this investigation was to observe the behavior of the Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus) in its natural habitat. Such an attempt should give some perspective to the very numerous studies that have been done on the behavior of chickens by describing the natural conditions under which this behavior evolved. As deduced by Darwin (1887) many years ago and confirmed by more recent studies (Kimball, 1954; Wood-Gush, 1959), the Red Jungle Fowl is the ancestor of virtually all domestic breeds of chickens, although Hutt (1949) has interjected a note of caution against complete acceptance of the monophyletic theory. The plumage pattern in the Red Jungle Fowl is closely approximated by that of such breeds of domestic fowl as Brown Leghorn and Black-breasted Red Game (Hutt, 1949; Kimball, 1954). A study of the ecology and behavior of the Red Jungle Fowl should therefore also be of value in helping to explain the origin of domestication, and comparison of the wild bird with its conspecific domesticated descendants should throw some light on the effects of domestication. The classical accounts by Beebe (1922, 1926) have long been the definitive description of the behavior of the Red Jungle Fowl in nature. More recently, Johnson (1963) has reported some observations on the behavior of this species in the forests of west-central Thailand. Delacour (1951) has reviewed the taxonomy and distribution of the various races of jungle fowl. We wished to extend these studies where possible in an attempt to gain a more complete acquaintance with the life of this important bird. A brief abstract of part of our study in India as well as in Southeast Asia has been published (Collias, Collias, and Saichuae, 1964).
Comparison of nutritional value of pea (Pisum sativum L.) with soybean (Glycine max L.) and its use in livestock nutrition.

U radu se na temelju vlastitih istraživanja procjenjuje hranidbena vrijednost jedanaest sorti graška (Pisum sativum L.); Zekon, Herold, Sponsor, Hardy, Terno, Baryton, Tudor, Concorde, Proplet, Slovan i Sully. Dobiveni rezultati uspore uju se s hranidbenom vrijednoš u osam sorti soje; Rita, Tundra, Moravia, Quito, Eirin, Korada, Bohemia i Vision. Kako se u istraživanju procjenjuju bjelan evinasta krmiva u svim navedenim sortama odre ena je koli ina sirove bjelan evine a njena kakvo a ocijenjena je prema sastavu esencijalnih aminokiselina. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata izvršena je procjena me usortne varijabilnosti i dat prijedlog za najpogodnije sorte graška s aspekta hranidbe životinja.
Effects of Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Zebra Blenny (Salaria basilisca) Fillets

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of two appropriate household cooking methods, steam and microwave-cooking, on proximate chemical composition, energetic values, fatty acids profiles, texture profile analysis and bacteriological characteristics of zebra blenny (Salaria basilisca) fillets from Tunisian coasts. The nutritional values of the fish fillets were improved after the two cooking methods. Fatty acid profiles of zebra blenny fillets showed that Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) contents are higher than those of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA). They showed also differences between cooking methods. All textural attributes of zebra blenny fillets were influenced by cooking process. Microbiological changes [Total viable counts (TVC), Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes as well as fungi] were monitored as a function of treatment and storage time. On day 5 of storage under refrigeration the number of micro-organisms is always minimal for samples heat treated comparing with those raw.
MUTATIONS IN THE β-CATENINGENE IN GASTRIC AND ESOPHAGEAL CANCERS: AN ANALYSIS IN IRANIAN PATIENTS

Deregulation of Wnt signal transduction through the mutations to several components of this pathway, like adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin, has been reported in various tumor types. Here from 40 paraffinembedded gastric adenocarcinoma and 50 paraffin-embedded esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumor samples, genomic DNA was extracted and used as template for PCR amplification of exon 3 of the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1). By sequencing analysis of the PCR products, we detected five (12.5%) somatic missense mutations in gastric adenocarcinoma samples which three occurring at the regulatory GSK-3β phosphorylation sites. The other two mutations were adjacent to the phosphorylation sites. Among esophageal tumor samples, two (4.0 %) had a missense mutation at codon 40 (a threonine), changing it to a glycine in one sample (T40G) and to an alanine in the other (T40A). We conclude that among Iranian patients, disruption of β-Catenin activity might play an important role in the development of a subset of gastric and a smaller subset of esophageal cancers.
Chlorophyll and pheophytin contentin needles of different age of trees growing under conditions of chronic industrial pollution

Chlorophyll and pheophytin content was determined by means of Vernon method (Vernon, 1960) in needles of different age. Needles of Pinus strobus L. , Pinus nigra Arnd. , Pinus silvestris L. , and Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco growing under conditions of chronic industrial pollution as well as under unpolluted conditions were examined. High pheophytin content was found in needles of trees growing under the conditions of chronic pollution. The youngest needles always showed the highest pheophytin content' as related to Chlorophyll content. The examined species showed different degree of Chlorophyll decomposition under the influence of polluted environment. Trees growing under control environment showed small and similar amounts of pheophytin in needles of different age. Pheophytin content does not seem to be a convenient indicator to test the effect of pollution before visual symptoms occur, since the method is very labourious and plant material very variable.
The interaction between Streptococcus pneumoniae and other respiratory pathogens, including viruses and bacteria commonly colonizing the nasopharynx

This dissertation includes three studies, each assessing the interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other respiratory pathogens using different approaches. The first study assessed the importance of secondary bacterial infections, especially pneumococcal infections, in the 1918 influenza pandemic. A systematic review of antemortem cultures from normally sterile sites during the 1918 influenza pandemic was performed, showing that the majority of pneumonias and deaths were caused by secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. A meta-analysis of bacterial vaccine studies during the 1918 pandemic was also performed, suggesting that the efficacy of whole-cell killed pneumococcal vaccine was 59% (95% CI 43-70%) for prevention of pneumonia and 70% (95% CI 50% - 82%) for prevention of death. In the second study, a deterministic compartment model was developed to investigate the interaction of S. pneumoniae and influenza virus and the usefulness of antibacterial interventions in a future "1918-like" influenza pandemic. The model predicts that such a pandemic will result in many fewer deaths in current developed countries than in 1918 simply due to the decline in pneumococcal carriage and the herd immunity provided by the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Antibiotic treatment of patients with secondary pneumonia can greatly reduce mortality; antibiotic prophylaxis will be less useful because the number needed to treat is too high. The findings of these two studies will help set up a more conservative upper bound on the disease burden of a 1918 - like influenza pandemic and have the potential to lead to substantial changes in pandemic planning. The third study investigated the interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx using data from a longitudinal study in Peru. A positive association between S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and a negative association between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus were found, no matter whether culture or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine the colonization status. The densities of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were also positively correlated. These findings suggest that bacterial interactions in the nasopharynx are complex and thus vaccines and antimicrobials which target specific bacteria and may unexpectedly influence the bacterial flora.
An automated learning content classification model for open education repositories: Case of MERLOT II

The value of OERs mainly depends on how easy they can be searched or located through a web search engine. Currently, the MERLOT II metadata repository requests resource providers to choose the relevant discipline category manually while adding material to its repository. This practice appears very time-consuming and also bound to involve human errors. If a member picks an incorrect discipline category, then the learning resource may not be correctly categorized in the repository. This situation may result in a learning resource to be not shortlisted for a given keyword search of the “MERLOT Smart Search” or in the “Advanced search. ” Above investigations motivated us to recognize the importance of developing an automated learning content classification solution for OER repositories. In this study, we proposed a novel automated learning content classification model (LCCM) to classify learning resources into relevant discipline categories while adding them to the MERLOT repository. The research goal incorporated in this paper include dataset preparation, data preprocessing, feature extraction using LDA topic model, and calculating the semantic similarity using a pre-trained word embedding matrix. These methods serve as a base for classifying learning resources more effectively within a short time.
A study on variation in dentition of Japanese shrew mole, Urotrichus talpoides (Talpidae, Insectivora)

The author studied variations in the tooth size and morphology of Japanese shrewmoles, Urotrichus talpoides. Specimens were collected in Kawakami-Mura, Abu-Gun, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Honshu and on Mishima Island which lies in the Japan Sea about 46.3km off the northerncoast of the southwestern Honshu Island.The results obtained are summarized as follows:The mean values of tooth sizes (mesiodistal crown diameter, buccolingual crown diameter andrectangle) were larger in the Mishima specimens than those from Kawakami for most of the teeth. Regional size differences were larger in the anterior teeth and premolars that had simple occlusalrelation ships than molars that had complex occlusal relationships.The tooth morphology of the Mishima specimens was characterized by a considerable developmentof the cingulum and ridge. In degrees of development of the cinglum and ridge, continuous individualvariations were observed. From these facts, the author supports the cingulum theory that new cuspsdifferentiate from the original cingulum or ridge.It is surmisable that the specifications of tooth size and morphology in the Mishima specimenswere influenced by the peculiar habitat in Mishima Island, where neither natural enemies nor rivalspecies of mammals are present.
USING PHYTOREMEDIATION AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING A PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOIL

Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils presents promising technology for environmental clean up using in situ treatment, especially in the developing countries. In the present study, the rhizospheric and non rhizosphereic soil samples was collected from three different locations which were non contaminated, contaminated by crud oil untreated and contaminated by crud oil grown with different plants respectively, theses location are in the same zoon area at Kafr Al-Elow Helwan city, Cairo governorate, Egypt. Results showed thatthe concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb in surface soil polluted (0-30 cm) by crud oil were increased to 4.1, 2.2, 6.9, 2.1, 4.2, 7.8 and 6.1 times, respectively, compared to unpolluted soil because of the crud oil pollution is often accompanied by the presence of high levels of heavy metals. Also, this increasing reduced with soil depth due to their low mobility. The highest loses in concentration of heavy metals and PAHs was recorded in the rhizospheric soil which planted with Alfalfa then Wheat followed by Sorghum respectively, thus the legume plants were suitable candidates for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs pollutants. On the other hand, the results indicated that the translocation of PAHs from root to shoot was considerably restricted, and the disparities of shoot PAHs concentrations for various plant species grown in soil polluted may be due to the shoot uptake of PAHs and accumulation from the ambient air, possibly originally volatized from the soils, was an important pathway for these PAHs intake by vegetable. In the pot experiment, Faba bean plants was able after 65 days to reduce total Acenaphthene, Phenanthrene and Pyrene in the rhizosphereic soil from 297.8, 21.0 and 251.3 to 51.8, 4.3 and 84.37 mg kg-1 soil respectively, (i.e. 82.6, 79.5 and 66.3 % loss).