Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myoglobin and C5b9 immunohistochemistry studies in heart tissue from sudden unexpected natural death cases

ABSTRACT The post-mortem diagnosis for acute myocardial infarction is one of the most challenging because acute myocardial infarction in the first 4 hours does not provide specific changes. Hence, this research evaluated the effectiveness of immunohistochemistry staining for detecting early myocardial infarction. Immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and C5b9 were conducted on myocardial tissue from four groups with the following criteria: 1. Acute myocardial infarction cases (18 cases, positive control), 2. Severe coronary atherosclerosis cases (19 cases), 3. Natural deaths with unknown cause of death (12 cases), 4. Negative control. The results were that myoglobin staining was found positive in 17 cases of group 1 (94.4%), 13 cases of group 2 (68.4%), 3 cases of group 3 (25%), and 6 cases of group 4 (60%). C5b9 staining was found positive in 18 cases of group 1(100%), 10 cases of group 2 (52.6%), 4 cases of group 3 (33.3%), and 7 cases of group 4 (70%). The results showed that no statistical significance was found in a comparative analysis between group 4 and group 2. Hence, the results of staining for C5b9 and myoglobin conflict with the findings of prior research because the specificity in identifying acute myocardial infarction was low.
Cell Culture Adaptation of H3N2 Influenza Virus Impacts Acid Stability and Reduces Ferret Airborne Transmission

Airborne transmission of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses is responsible for their epidemiological success and public health burden in humans. Efficient airborne transmission of H1N1 influenza virus relies on receptor specificity and pH of fusion of the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). In this study, we examine the role of HA pH of fusion on transmissibility of a cell culture-adapted H3N2 virus. Mutations in the HA head at positions 78 and 212 of A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2), which were selected after cell culture adaptation, decrease the acid stability of the virus from a pH of 5.5 (WT) to 5.8 (mutant). In addition, we observed that this mutant H3N2 virus replicated to higher titers in cell culture but had reduced Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 11 March 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0297. v1 © 2021 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. airborne transmission in the ferret model. These data demonstrate that, like H1N1 HA, the pH of fusion for H3N2 HA is a determinant of efficient airborne transmission. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that the NA segment noncoding regions can impact the pH of fusion of reassortant viruses. Taken together, our data confirm that HA acid stability is an important characteristic of epidemiologically successful human influenza viruses and is influenced by HA/NA
Highly efficient, transparent and stable semitransparent colloidal quantum dot solar cells: a combined numerical modeling and experimental approach

Semitransparent solar cells (SSCs) can open new photovoltaic applications in many areas. However, because of the fundamental trade-off between optical transparency and photovoltaic efficiency, it is of special importance to minimize additional optical losses such as from reflectance and parasitic absorption. In this work, a semitransparent colloidal quantum dot solar cell (SCQDSC) with high efficiency, transparency and stability is investigated using a coupled theoretical and experimental approach. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental investigations are performed for optimizing the device transparency and efficiency simultaneously. The results show that the transparency and efficiency are largely enhanced as a result of lowering the optical losses in the SCQDSC, and the device exhibits a high efficiency of 7.3% with an average visible transmittance of 20.4%. Importantly, the SCQDSC exhibits very good stability under long term continuous illumination and the unencapsulated SCQDSCs show no large degradation in performance during storage for 70 days under ambient conditions. These findings suggest that the SCQDSC has high potential for applications, such as for building integrated photovoltaics, automobiles or screens. Moreover, this work also provides practical and quantitative guidelines for further enhancing the SSC performance.
Learning to Wait and Be Altruistic: Testing A Conversational Training in Economic Education for Primary School Children

Individual economic competence is important but increasingly challenging to manage due to the growing complexity of the nature of economic decisions people must make and the substantial impacts of some of these decisions on their lives. Decision-making ability develops from childhood and is closely related to specific economic components and prosocial behaviour such as fairness, altruism, and delay of gratification. However, while there are financial-education programs for children and young people focusing on financial products, few studies have examined training for the psychological abilities underlying economic decision-making. To promote those psychological skills that contribute to a more socially effective decision-making, we designed and tested a conversational-based training program for primary school children using reflective thinking. A total of 110 (male = 47, female = 63) children aged 8 to 10 years (Mean age = 9.71 years) from two schools in Northern Italy participated in the study with 55 children in a training group and 55 in a control group. All participated in pre-tests measuring their socio-economic background and economics-related skills and abilities. The training group were told stories relaying values of fairness, altruism, and delayed gratification. Both groups participated in task-based post-tests relating to fairness, altruism, and delayed gratification. Results revealed that children in the training group showed significant improvement at the post-test in altruistic and investment behaviour, showing the training efficacy, suggesting that similar programs could be implemented in primary schools as foundational teaching of economics and fiscal responsibility.
Modeling Human Migration Under Environmental Change: A Case Study of the Effect of Sea Level Rise in Bangladesh

Sea level rise (SLR) could have catastrophic consequences worldwide. More than 600 million people currently living in coastal areas may see their livelihood at risk and choose to migrate in the near future. Predicting when, how, and where people could migrate under environmental change is critical to devise effective policy initiatives and improve our preparedness. Here, we propose a modeling framework to predict the effect of SLR on migration patterns from easily accessible geographic and demographic data. The framework adapts the radiation model to capture unwillingness or inability to migrate of affected residents, as well as return migration and cascading effects in migration patterns. We apply the mathematical model to study internal migration in Bangladesh, where we predict a complex and counterintuitive landscape of migration patterns between districts. Our predictions indicate that the impact of SLR on 816,000 people by 2050 will trigger cascading effects in migration patterns throughout the entire country. The population of each of the 64 districts will change, leading to a total variation of 1.3 million people. Migration from inundated regions in the center will trigger non‐trivial patterns, including a reduction in the population of the district of the capital Dhaka.
Production of High Added-Value Chemicals in Basfia succiniciproducens: Role of Medium Composition

Succinic acid production through biological fermentation led to new pathways in the integration of renewable feedstock from different industries into biosynthesis. In this article, we investigate the population growth dynamics and succinic acid production potential of the recently isolated natural succinic acid producer, Basfia succiniciproducens, using in silico constraint-based metabolic models as well as in vitro experiments. Our work focuses on the influence of different renewable substrates and added yeast extract on fermentation dynamics, and the produced metabolites of the strain cultured in mineral (minimal) medium. According to our experiments, which were carried out as small-scale fermentations and in bioreactor conditions, glucose is the preferred carbon source, while the addition of 1% yeast extract has a significant positive effect on biomass formation. In the case of B. succiniciproducens cultured in minimal salt medium, a production potential as high as 47.09 mM succinic acid was obtained in these conditions. Industrial applications related to this bacterial strain could contribute to new possibilities for the re-use of byproducts by using fermentation processes, leading to high added-value compounds.
Activated Sludge Nitrification in Temperate Climate

In Denmark winter temperature of the wastewater is typically 5-10°C, and ammonia concentrations below 1-4 mg/l are normal discharge limits under these conditions. Special attention is needed in design and operation of treatment plants in order to fulfill such limits. Based on a simple energy balance a steady-state temperature model is developed and verified at full scale treatment plants. The model enables a good estimate of expected winter temperatures in the design phase. Deep tanks and good protection against wind exposure are shown to be attractive means to avoid a too low process temperature during winter periods. Successful winter nitrification can be obtained if the plant operator is supplied with tools to identify arising problems. A procedure to predict if the actual plant nitrification capacity is approaching the necessary capacity based on the load is described and tested.
The Effect of the Hydrothermal and Thermal Deactivations on the Adsorptive Properties and Liquid Permeability of a Silica Gel

Three samples taken from a silica gel Hypersil were hydrothermally treated, washed, and dried under different conditions. The portions from the obtained samples were heated over a temperature range of 300 and 850 °C for 16 h. Surface area and pore volume of all the treated samples were determined respectively by nitrogen adsorption data at 77 K and mercury porosimetry. The volumetric flow rate and permeability of the isopropyl alcohol on the columns filled with the prepared samples were determined depending both the inlet pressure and packing pressure. The optimum conditions to prepare a column filling material with the heights permeability were discussed.
EFFECT OF COMPANY VALUE, LEVERAGE, AND COMPANY SIZE ON PROFIT PERSISTENCE IN JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) LISTED COMPANIES

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Company Value, Leverage, and Company Size on Earnings Persistence in Companies Listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Data obtained from the page www.idnfinancial. com. The data in this study are secondary data. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. Sampling technique using purposive sampling technique and data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. Samples that fit the criteria were obtained by 23 companies during the 2015-2019 observation period. Then the data were analyzed using the SPSS data regression analysis model.26. 0 The results showed that firm value had no significant effect on earnings persistence, leverage and firm size had a significant effect on earnings persistence on companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the 2015-2019
The influence of biogeographical and evolutionary histories on morphological trait‐matching and resource specialization in mutualistic hummingbird–plant networks

1. Functional traits can determine pairwise species interactions, such as those between plants and pollinators. However, the effects of biogeography and evolutionary history on trait- matching and trait- mediated resource specialization remain poorly understood. 2. We compiled a database of 93 mutualistic hummingbird– plant networks (includ ing 181 hummingbird and 1,256 plant species), complemented by morphological measures of hummingbird bill and floral corolla length. We divided the hummingbirds into their principal clades and used knowledge on hummingbird biogeography to divide the networks into four biogeographical regions: Lowland South America, Andes, North & Central America, and the Caribbean islands. We then tested: (a) whether hummingbird clades and biogeographical regions differ in hummingbird bill length, corolla length of visited flowers and resource specialization, and (b) whether hummingbirds' bill length correlates with the corolla length of their food plants and with their level of resource specialization. 3. Hummingbird clades dominated by long- billed species generally visited longer flowers and were the most exclusive in their resource use. Bill and corolla length and the degree of resource specialization were similar across mainland regions, but the Caribbean islands had shorter flowers and hummingbirds with more generalized interaction niches. Bill and corolla length correlated in all regions and most clades, that is, trait- matching was a recurrent phenomenon in hummingbird– plant associations. In contrast, bill length did not generally mediate resource specializa tion, as bill length was only weakly correlated with resource specialization within one hummingbird clade (Brilliants) and in the regions of Lowland South America and the Andes in which plants and hummingbirds have a long co- evolutionary his tory. Supplementary analyses including bill curvature confirmed that bill morphology (length and curvature) does not in general predict resource specialization. 4. These results demonstrate how biogeographical and evolutionary histories can modulate the effects of functional traits on species interactions, and that traits better predict functional groups of interaction partners (i.e. trait- matching) than resource specialization. These findings reveal that functional traits have great potential, but also key limitations, as a tool for developing more mechanistic ap-proaches in community ecology.
Ion Association Phenomena and Static Dielectric Properties in Electrolyte Solutions : Application of the Effective Mean Spherical Approximation -Mass Action Law Approach

Mean spherical approximation - mass action law approach is developed to describe the influence of ion association on solvent and solution dielectric constants in electrolyte solutions. The dependences of the dielectric constants on electrolyte concentration, ionic sizes, and the degree of ion association are analyzed. The results are compared with recent experimental data for aqueous solutions of nitrate and formate salts and a fair agreement is obtained.
Segmenting Hedonic Wine Tourists Using Push–Pull Winescape Attributes

The present research addresses the push–pull winescape traits of the hedonic wine tourism segment and discusses their attitudinal and behavioral intentions. The self-governing pen-and-paper survey conveniently sampled 301 wine tourists in situ at the Swan Valley winery in Western Australia. Push–pull winescape qualities generated a segmentation basis for cluster analysis, which defined four divisions—Inspireds, Self-Drivens, Market-Drivens, and Inerts. Inspireds exhibited the most favorable attitude toward the winery and were the most willing to recommend the winery, whereas Inerts demonstrated the converse effect. Theoretically, the segmentation bases, building on the Push–Pull winescape properties, provide a fresh and more nuanced description of the wine tourism categories in Australia’s rising wine tourism sector. Idealistically, this new image is important in delivering marketing insights to fewer Australian wine producers whose only connection to regional retail and export markets is via direct sales at the winery gates.
Oxidative Stress-Derived Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Concise Review

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and disabling disorder marked by airflow limitation and extensive destruction of lung parenchyma. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD development and has been associated with increased oxidant burden on multiple cell types in the lungs. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may significantly affect expression of biological molecules, signaling pathways, and function of antioxidant defenses. Although inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, contribute to the release of large quantities of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in ROS production due to oxidative phosphorylation. Although mitochondria are dynamic organelles, excess oxidative stress is able to alter mitochondrial function, morphology, and RNA and protein content. Indeed, mitochondria may change their shape by undergoing fusion (regulated by mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, and optic atrophy 1 proteins) and fission (regulated by dynamin-related protein 1), which are essential processes to maintain a healthy and functional mitochondrial network. Cigarette smoke can induce mitochondrial hyperfusion, thus reducing mitochondrial quality control and cellular stress resistance. Furthermore, diminished levels of enzymes involved in the mitophagy process, such as Parkin (a ubiquitin ligase E3) and the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), are commonly observed in COPD and correlate directly with faulty removal of dysfunctional mitochondria and consequent cell senescence in this disorder. In this review, we highlight the main mechanisms for the regulation of mitochondrial quality and how they are affected by oxidative stress during COPD development and progression.
Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis

Most industrial trucks are equipped with hydraulic systems designed for specific operations, for which the required power is supplied by the internal combustion engine (ICE). The largest share of the power consumption is required by the hydraulic system during idling operations, and, consequently, the current literature focuses on energy saving strategies for the hydraulic system rather than making the vehicle traction more efficient. This study presents the preliminary realization of an electric-powered hydraulic pump system (e-HPS) that drives the lifting of the dumpster and the garbage compaction in a waste compactor truck, rather than traditional ICE-driven hydraulic pump systems (ICE-HPSs). The different components of the e-HPS are described and the battery pack was modelled using the kinetic battery model. The end-of-life of the battery pack was determined to assess the economic feasibility of the proposed e-HPS for the truck lifespan, using numerical simulations. The aim was twofold: to provide an implementation method to retrofit the e-HPS to a conventional waste compactor truck and to assess its economic feasibility, investigating fuel savings during the use phase and the consequent reduction of CO2 emissions. Results show that the total lifespan cost saving achieved a value of 65,000 €. Furthermore, total CO2 emissions for the e-HPS were about 80% lower than those of the ICE-HPS, highlighting that the e-HPS can provide significant environmental benefits in an urban context.
Decide Now or Wait for the Next Forecast? Testing A Decision Framework Using Real Forecasts and Observations

Users of meteorological forecasts are often faced with the question of whether to make a decision now, based on the current forecast, or whether to wait for the next and hopefully more accurate forecast before making the decision. Following previous authors, we analyse this question as an extension of the well-known cost-loss model. Within this extended cost-loss model the question of whether to decide now or wait depends on two specific aspects of the forecast, both of which involve probabilities of probabilities. For the special case of weather and climate forecasts in the form of normal distributions we derive a simple simulation algorithm, and equivalent analytical expressions, for calculating these two probabilities. We apply the algorithm to forecasts of temperature and find that the algorithm leads to better decisions in most cases relative to three simpler alternative decision making schemes, in both a simulated context and when we use reforecasts, surface observations and rigorous out-of-sample validation of the decisions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a dynamic multi-stage decision algorithm has been demonstrated to work using real weather observations. Our results have implications for the additional kinds of information that weather and climate forecasters could produce to facilitate good decision making based on their forecasts.
Two irreducible classes of emotional experiences: Affective imaginings and affective perceptions

A view of prominence in the philosophy of emotion is that emotional experiences are not self-standing intentional experiences. Instead, they inherit the intentional content they have from their cognitive bases. One implication is that emotions, whose intentional contents differ in terms of the modal and temporal properties of the relevant particular object — because the intentional contents on which they are based differ in these respects — nonetheless need not differ qua emotion-type. This leads to the same-emotional attitude, different content claim: It is possible to have the same emotional attitude toward a range of (different) contents, as provided by different cognitive bases. This paper argues that this claim is mistaken. By appealing to the specific case of imagination, the same emotional-attitude, different content claim is challenged. Drawing on phenomenological observations made by Jean-Paul Sartre, supplemented with independently plausible considerations, I argue that we should recognize a distinct class of emotion types, which I call affective imaginings. Affective imaginings contrast with emotional experiences whose cognitive bases are sense-perceptual experiences (affective perceptions). The contrast turns on the way the different contents across these cases modify the attitudinal character of the emotional experience, motivating the positing of two irreducible classes of emotional experiences.
Studies with Model Membrane: The Effect of Temperature on Membrane Potential

Membrane potentials for silver bromide parchment supported membrane at different temperatures (30 – 70 o C) have been measured. Experimental results were analyzed on the basis of the Kobatake equation, and some characteristic parameters (α, β, and mobility ratios) have been evaluated. The mobility ratios of ions in the membrane phase (u + /u - ) are found to be increased with temperature. This order may apparently lead to the conclusion that the ion size is the controlling factor and the membrane is cation exchanger. The activation energy was also obtained. The activation thermodynamics parameters, enthalpy of activation ΔH ‡ , entropy of activation ΔS ‡ and free energy of activation ΔG ‡ have been estimated