Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of Aragonite or Calcite Polymorphism by Mollusk Shell Macromolecules

Many mineralizing organisms selectively form either calcite or aragonite, two polymorphs of calcium carbonate with very similar crystalline structures. Understanding how these organisms achieve this control has represented a major challenge in the field of biomineralization. Macromolecules extracted from the aragonitic shell layers of some mollusks induced aragonite formation in vitro when preadsorbed on a substrate of β-chitin and silk fibroin. Macromolecules from calcitic shell layers induced mainly calcite formation under the same conditions. The results suggest that these macromolecules are responsible for the precipitation of either aragonite or calcite in vivo.
Sample tilt-free characterization of residual stress gradients in thin coatings using an in-plane arm- equipped laboratory X-ray diffractometer

A methodology is presented to characterize residual stress gradients using the sin2ψ technique at constant penetration depths without the use of sample χ tilting. The experiments were performed using a laboratory five-axis X-ray diffractometer equipped with an in-plane arm by scanning several reflections in order to enlarge the penetration depth range. The proposed approach, demonstrated on a blasted 11.5 µm-thick TiN coating on a WC–Co substrate, opens the possibility to perform a complex stress gradient characterization in laboratory conditions where the sample χ tilting can deteriorate the sample properties or experimental conditions, like during in situ high-temperature studies.
Heat Transfer In Reactive Co/Al Nanolaminates

Reaction front propagation rates of free standing multilayer thin foils of Co/Al have been determined using a diffusion limited reaction model by means of a method-of-lines code with a stiff solver and adaptive gridding. Predicted and measured reaction front speed variations with bilayer thickness, tb, can be separated into three regimes. The three regimes are delineated by the critical bilayer thickness, tb,c, and the bilayer thickness that produces the maximum front velocity, tb,max. The critical bilayer is composed predominately of premixed or fully reacted CoxAly with a thickness of ~2.7 nm. The front velocity in the three regimes 1) is zero when 0 ≤ tb ≤ tb,c since there are no reactants 2) increases when tb,c < tb < tb,max since the reactant concentration increases with tb and 3) decreases when tb,max < tb since the diffusive resistance increases with tb. The sensitivity of front velocity to property variation is discussed. Steady and oscillatory combustion are predicted for this material pair.
Tensile yield‐stress behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) and polycarbonate in the glass transition region

The yield-stress behavior of two glassy polymers is studied through the glass transition region over a wide range of strain rates. For temperatures below the glass transition temperature, the yield stress behavior could be described as a non-Newtonian flow in agreement with Eyring's theory, if one excepts a narrow range relating to the slowest strain rates. For temperatures above Tg, the yield-stress behavior is still nonlinear but fits the relations based on the concept of free volume.
Growth of low dislocation density CdTe films on hydroplaned CdTe substrates by molecular beam epitaxy

A systematic study of CdTe film growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on hydroplaned (111)A and (111)B CdTe substrates is discussed. Substrate preparation prior to growth involved chemical etching techniques, rather than sputtering in UHV, in order to maintain the integrity of the hydroplaned surface. A range of substrate temperature during growth was investigated. X‐ray diffraction, UV reflection, and transmission electron diffraction measurements were employed to evaluate the structural quality of the CdTe films. Bright and dark field transmission electron microscopy was used to determine film dislocation densities. An entirely different film growth morphology was observed on the (111)A versus (111)B substrate surfaces for the range of temperatures and growth rate employed. Growth of high quality, low dislocation density, twin‐free CdTe films was achieved on hydroplaned (111)A CdTe substrates at 250 °C.
Surface dynamics of III—V semiconductors studied by in situ X-ray diffraction during molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract We study the coarsening of two-dimensional crystalline islands on the (001) face of GaAs, InAs and GaSb after deposition at typical growth conditions in molecular beam epitaxy. The time-resolved island/pit size distributions are measured in situ using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and are analyzed together with the diffraction intensity oscillations during deposition. Whereas the deposition kinetics is similar for the three materials, they strongly differ in the coarsening. During coarsening, the mean correlation length grows proportional to tn. GaAs shows coarsening exponents around n = 1 and an exponential island size distribution, in clear contrast to the behavior of InAs and GaSb, where we find coarsening closer to the expected Ostwald ripening behavior (n between 1/3 and 1/2) on InAs and extremely slow kinetics on GaSb.
Removal of Heavy Metals from the Environment by Biosorption

The pollution of the environment with toxic metals is a result of many human activities, such as mining and metallurgy, and the effects of these metals on the ecosystems are of large economic and public‐healthsignificance. This paper presents the features and advantages of the unconventional removal method of heavy metals – biosorption – as a part of bioremediation. Bioremediation consists of a group of applications, which involvethe detoxification of hazardous substances instead of transferring them from one medium to another, by means of microbes and plants. This process is characterized as less disruptive and can be often carried out on site, eliminating the need to transport the toxic materials to treatment sites. The biosorption (sorption of metallic ions from solutions by live or dried biomass) offers an alternative to the remediation of industrial effluents as well as the recovery of metals contained in other media. Biosorbents are prepared from naturally abundant and/or waste biomass. Due to the high uptake capacity and very cost‐effective source of the raw material, biosorption is a progression towards a perspective method. The mechanism by which microorganisms take up metals is relatively unclear, but it has been demonstrated that both living and non‐living biomass may be utilized in biosorptive processes, as they often exhibit a marked tolerance towards metals and other adverse conditions. One of their major advantages is the treatment of large volumes of effluents with low concentrations of pollutants. Models developed were presented to determine both the number of adsorption sites required to bind each metal ion and the rate of adsorption, using a batch reactor mass balance and the Langmuir theory of adsorption to surfaces or continuous dynamic systems. Two main categories of bioreactors used in bioremediation – suspended growth and fixed film bioreactors – are discussed. Reactors with varying configurations to meet the different requirements for biosorption are analyzed considering two major groups of reactors – batch reactors and continuous reactors. Biosorption is treated as an emerging technology effective in removing even very low levels of heavy metal.
Educational Pathways and Paid Work : A Longitudinal Approach Summary of Research Paper 7

Introduction and theoretical signposts Researchers interested in postsecondary persistence were quick to turn their attention to paid work, identified by educational stakeholders as a source of academic disengagement that led students to drop out. However, findings indicate that paid work has varying effects on academic persistence and departures. While both not working at all and working long hours (i.e. a higher than average number) appear to negatively impact postsecondary persistence, working between 8 and 20 hours seems to have no such effect.
Lakehouse: A New Generation of Open Platforms that Unify Data Warehousing and Advanced Analytics

This paper argues that the data warehouse architecture as we know it today will wither in the coming years and be replaced by a new architectural pattern, the Lakehouse, which will (i) be based on open direct-access data formats, such as Apache Parquet, (ii) have first-class support for machine learning and data science, and (iii) offer state-of-the-art performance. Lakehouses can help address several major challenges with data warehouses, including data staleness, reliability, total cost of ownership, data lock-in, and limited use-case support. We discuss how the industry is already moving toward Lakehouses and how this shift may affect work in data management. We also report results from a Lakehouse system using Parquet that is competitive with popular cloud data warehouses on TPC-DS.
Can Increased Patient Involvement Reduce the Number of Surgery Cancellations? Lessons Learned from a Research and Development Project in Norway

—Increased patient involvement is the new mantra in modern healthcare, indicating that patients can play an important role in improving the quality of their health and care services. In this paper, we study the reality of increased patient involvement within the current organizational structure of hospitals by revisiting the findings from a recent research and development project at a university hospital in Norway. Through the development and implementation of a tool for electronic two-way communication between patients and hospitals, the overarching goal of the eTeam-Surgery project (2013–2019) was to better prepare the hospital and the patient for surgical procedures and thereby reduce the number of surgery cancellations. To approach this goal, researchers from the field of health informatics, medicine and sociology explored a quality improvement initiative at the hospital, made field observations and interviewed patients and health professionals. eTeam-Surgery demonstrated that establishing a tool for active involvement of patients in the pre-operative planning process was not an easy task. The research revealed (1) diverse reasons for surgery cancellations, (2) a lack of uniformity in the preoperative workflow and (3) a hospital practice of marking a surgery as cancelled when patients tried to rebook for a different date. Focusing on increased patient involvement, this paper demonstrates how the main reasons for cancellation at the hospital and the lack of uniformity of the pre-operative workflow both originate from hospital organizational issues and, consequently, will not be solved with increased patient involvement. On the other hand, increased patient involvement can improve the current hospital practice of marking surgeries as cancellations when patients are actually trying to rebook. It is our conclusion that hospitals have a long way to go before the new mantra of active patient involvement can be a reality. However, we still believe that active patient involvement can positively contribute to the problem of elective surgery cancellation. The first step would be for hospitals to offer patients the option of choosing their own date of surgery, similar to booking an airline ticket online.
Varieties of platform work: Platforms and social inequality in Germany and the United States

The platform economy has been criticized for exacerbating social inequalities in various ways. This study draws on these discussions and examines the extent to which social inequalities are being reproduced, reduced, or even increased within platform work. The first central question is that of the precariousness of this form of work and the vulnerability of the platform workers as a group. This is followed by a second question about the role of classical dimensions of inequality of education and gender within the group of platform workers. The study focuses on inequalities related to income, workload, and the subjective perception of platform work. It follows a comparative approach, building on institutionalist analyses developed in labor market and inequality research. The empirical analysis is based on case studies of 15 crowdwork platforms in the United States and Germany and on an online survey of crowdworkers in both countries. While platforms represent a global organizational model, they are embedded in different models of capitalism. The study shows that existing labor market segmentation and social welfare systems determine who works on platforms and to what extent. The weaker the social safety net, the more likely platform work is to be both a curse and a blessing: It offers a much needed and flexible source of income, albeit under extremely precarious conditions. The stronger the social safety net, on the other hand, the greater the market power of workers vis-à-vis the platforms. Varieties of platform work 5
Title ICARE : Real time chemical detection for safety and security : Real time chemical detection

of your project theme : <Back Ground> In the past years Free Economics shows us rapidly growing like Google or YouTube. We’re seeking the next Google model and new business model to bring much more impact. Over today’s Internet high speed searching engine is working pretty well but it expects text base input. When you bring unknown material to there, it cannot bring us any information at all without some text base inputs. Some missing link is existing over today’s Internet. We’re providing new method of Real Time Chemical Detection (RTCD) into new society at much compact and very low cost that can be implemented on iPhone or smartphone. It will be common for lots of apps and devices. 1) How can Real Time Chemical Detection (RTCD) change the current world into much more secure world? 2) By using RTCD new business over Internet can be possible like breath monitoring that can identify deceases or health condition, location awareness security system or new advertisement system to introduce wine, perfume or the other products. How about the next killer apps to overcome Google? 3) Once RTCD becomes common, what will be the next issues to realize much more secure world? What kind of apps can be more important or possible as the next killer apps on iPhone or smart-phone solve and what are still remaining issues as the next problems to realize rapidly growing? 4) The best case scenario: The RTCD are accepted for the future society. Most important point and strategy? 5) The worst case scenario: The RTCD are rejected for the future society. What kind of reason can be fatal or difficulty to make big success? 6) What is the most cost effective solution for secure world and why the next technology is needed to make it? Fig. 1: Principle Fig. 2: Features Proposer Organization’s Name: Atonarp Inc. Supporter Name and contact info: Tomoyoshi SATO / tomosat@atonarp.com Prakash Murthy / prakash.murhty@atonarp.com Ionizer Separator Detector Analyzer Ion mobility spectrometer operation Ni63 Radio Isotope Theme 1:
THE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENTS AND VACUUM DRYING ON DRYING CHARACTERISTICS, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF ARTICHOKE (CYNARA CARDUNCULUS VAR. SCOLYMUS L.) SLICES

Bu calismada, farkli on islemler (suda haslama ve buharla muamele) uygulanarak, vakumlu kurutucuda kurutulan (70°C’de 10, 15 ve 25 kPa) enginar dilimlerinin renk analizi, toplam fenolik madde icerigi, antioksidan kapasiteleri ve kurutma karakteristikleri incelenmistir. Uygulanan on islemler ve kurutma parametreleri renk degerleri uzerinde farklilik olusturmustur. Kurutulmus enginar dilimlerinde toplam fenolik madde icerigi ve antioksidan kapasite degerleri taze enginara kiyasla onemli oranda azalma gostermistir. Vakum kurutma yapilan enginar dilimlerinde en yuksek toplam fenolik madde icerigi (160.24±0.16 mg GA/100 g dw) 15 kPa vakumda suda haslama on islemine tabi tutulan enginar orneklerinde tespit edilmistir. Enginar dilimlerinin kurutma karakteristikleri incelendiginde uygulanan matematiksel modelleme sonucunda elde edilen verilere gore, en yuksek R2 degeri (0.9989), en dusuk χ2 (0.000067) ve RMSE (0.0023) degerleri Page ve Modifiye Page modellere ait oldugu belirlenmistir.
The effect of African leaders' foreign education/training on the completion of primary education in their countries

The quest for the determinants of education in Africa has paid little attention to the role of political leaders; many of whom once received foreign scholarships. This article aims to examine the effect they have on education. We assume that foreign training encompasses factors guiding the choice of economic policies. The results of the estimation using fixed effect, random effect, generalized least square and Driscoll-Kraay methods on a sample of 219 leaders from 1975 to 2015 reveal that western and other African countries educated leaders negatively affect primary completion; the result is robust in autocracies. Studying abroad deprives leaders from their home country realities and orients them towards foreign policies. Citation: Donal Ajoumessi Houmpe and Ngouhouo Ibrahim, (2020) ''The effect of African leaders' foreign education/training on the completion of primary education in their countries'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 4, pages 3241-3255 Contact: Donal Ajoumessi Houmpe houmpedonal@gmail.com, Ngouhouo Ibrahim ngouhouo@yahoo.fr. Submitted: September 14, 2020. Published: December 17, 2020. Submission Number: EB-20-00921 “Foreign African educated/trained leader’s effect on primary completion” Ajoumessi HOUMPE Donal University of Dschang
Human Factors in Exhaustion and Stress of Japanese Nursery Teachers: Evidence from Regression Model on a Novel Dataset

Japan is well known for one of the highest suicide rates in the world, and suicide is the third cause of death after cancer and accidents. The most common reason for suicide comes from overwork and stress-related issues. Researchers have found that education is listed in the top 6 job categories that are highly affected by overwork and stress. In this paper, we investigate the human factors that influence the exhaustion and stress levels of nursery teachers, which is one of the top social issues in the education system of Japan. We are the first to own a novel dataset that contains the data of nursery teachers in Tokyo including demographics, working schedule, and stress and exhaustion information. The data was collected using survey-based and real-time approaches with professional devices. We built a regression model in machine learning with t-test in statistics and divided the effect levels of the factors into three levels: normal, nearly-significant, and significant. We found the following results. First, we found the evidence that working on Thursday and Friday affects both exhaustion and stress. Interestingly, although working on Friday is more exhaustive than on Thursday, working on Thursday is more stressful than on Friday. Surprisingly, we found that while working on Saturday does not affect either exhaustion or stress, working on Sunday is a factor affecting the stress (but not exhaustion) of the participants. Furthermore, gender, weight, and height do not appear as affecting factors. Also, people who are less than 30 years old get more easily stressed than the other ages. Keywords–Machine Learning; Multiple (Linear) Regression; Student’s T-test (t-test); Human Factors.
Spatial Awareness for the Deafblind in Natural Language Presentation using SPIN Rules: A Use Case in the SUITCEYES Platform

This paper presents a rule-based approach towards spatial awareness for the deafblind through natural language constructs. The approach entails two components, a novel ontology for the interoperable representation of data pertaining the domain (objects, space, etc.) and a rule set to derive the natural language constructs for spatial awareness and answer related user queries. The rule set is expressed in SPARQL Inferencing Notation (SPIN), which enables simplicity and flexibility in rule definition as opposed to other frameworks. Both are applied in a use case scenario of the SUITCEYES platform for the deafblind, extending it with the ability to answer spatial awareness queries. More specifically, the ontology component uses rules to provide the users of the platform answers to queries regarding their environment. We present those rules and show how they inform the user of their surroundings, using natural language. Furthermore, we provide a differential population solution to avoid overloading the ontology with unnecessary data. Keywordsontology; rules; natural language; SPIN; deafblindness.
Handedness Detection Based on Drawing Patterns using Machine Learning Techniques

—Handedness detection has an effective role in classifying different criminal suspects into speciﬁc categories according to soft biometric properties. It determines human motor skills that are performed with the dominant hand while doing everyday activities such as writing and throwing. In this context, this paper offers a system that extracts the characteristics of a person’s drawing patterns and uses these features to perform handwriting classiﬁcations with regards to handedness. For this, we collect left and right hand data and derive various types of parameters such as elapsed time, x-coordinate, y-coordinate, pen pressure, pen orientation, and pen height. We deﬁne different features like mean, maximum, minimum, writing pressure, speed, and Dynamic Programming (DP) for handwriting data for analysis. P-value and t-test are calculated for handwriting evaluation. Furthermore, handedness detection is achieved by using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classiﬁer. The result shows quite encouraging performance that highlights the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Hyperspectral Imaging for Process and Quality Control in Recycling Plants of Polyolefin Flakes

Hyperspectral imaging in the near infrared range (1000–1700 nm) was evaluated to identify different polyolefin flakes for quality assessment of recycled products. According to market requirements, the output of the recycling process of polyolefins must be high purity secondary polypropylene and polyethylene granulates. Hyperspectral images were acquired for selected plastic flakes coming from household waste, classified according to their typology. Spectra were analysed using principal component analysis to reduce the high dimensionality of data and for selecting effective wavelengths. Partial least square discriminant analysis was applied for classification of the two polyolefin typologies. Prediction results showed that it is possible to recognise the different plastic flakes with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 0.90 to 0.99. The developed procedures based on hyperspectral imaging can be utilised for quality control of the two pure polypropylene and polyethylene flow streams obtained by the innovative recycling process based on magnetic density separation.