Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation Layers Implication of CNN Sequential Models for Facial Expression Recognition

Facial Expression Recognition is the critical part in the human emotional detection in the field of image processing. The application tends to soft or hard real time application based on the power of expression detection of idle image or videos. The Social communication with any object can be done by verbal or non-verbal format. Expression and Emotion detection completely rely on the non-verbal communication and facial expression. Machine Learning play an important role in the recognition of facial expression. An attempt is made in this paper to analyse the performance of Convolutional neural network models with diverse activation layer for the performance evaluation.Firstly, the facial expression dataset is extracted from the website http://www.consortium. ri.cmu. edu/ckagree/, http://app.visgraf. impa.br/database/faces/ is subjected with the data processing. Secondly, the data analysis is done for the distribution of expression image in the training and testing dataset. Thirdly, the facial expression images are detected with HAAR cascade and then the images are cropped with (350, 350). Fourth, the facial expression images is applied with normalized and the bottleneck features are created for training and testing data. Fifth, the training dataset is fitted with convolutional sequential neural network models with various activation layers like Sigmoid, Elu, Relu, Selu, Tanh, Softsign and Softplus. Sixth, the performance analysis is done with loss and accuracy for all the epoch of all CNN models for all the activation layers. Experimental results show that CNN sequential model with Relu activation layer is found to have the accuracy of 100%.
Accuracy and Stability for Optimum Performance of Digital Fringe Profilometry Method

Various method was developed for the acquisition of the three-dimensional surface of an object. One of the more popular methods used is the structured light profilometry method. It can capture a high-resolution three-dimensional object in real-time. Not only that, but this method is also non-invasive, which is very suitable for the measurement of fragile samples. This paper discusses the accuracy and stability of a structured light profilometry method that is used to obtain a 3D measurement. The experiment is done by using a calibrated camera and projector. A light pattern is then projected onto the sample and captured by the camera. The accuracy of the system is investigated by capturing a flat plate with an increment of 50 µm from 0 µm to 1000 µm. The result has shown a maximum percentage error of this system is 15.76% which is 9.3511 µm, and the minimum percentage error is 0.15% which is 0.7339 µm. For the stability test, the plate was captured thirty times at the same location, and the data obtained shows the consistency of the system has a minimum and maximum standard deviation of 2.4991 µm and 6.8886 µm, which is within 7 µm. The test on the feeler gauge shows a maximum percentage error of 2.12% which is 2.1671 µm.
Gelişimsel Dil Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklar: Dil Gelişimi ve Sözel Çalışma Belleği

Giris: Sozel calisma belleginin yapisi ve isleyisi goz onunde bulunduruldugunda, gelisimsel dil bozukluguna sahip cocuklarin yasadiklari dil gucluklerinin sozel calisma bellegi sorunlarinin bir yansimasi olabilecegi dusunulmustur. Bu arastirma, iliskisel tarama modelini kullanarak gelisimsel dil bozukluguna sahip cocuklarin dil gelisimleri ile sozel calisma bellegi performanslari arasindaki iliskileri ortaya koymayi amaclamaktadir. Yontem: Bireysel dil ve konusma bozukluklari terapisinden yararlanan, anadili Turkce, 60-93 ay arasinda olan ve kamu kurum ve kuruluslarinca yapilan egitsel degerlendirme sonucunda yalnizca dil gelisiminin desteklenmesine karar verilen 45 cocuk arastirmanin orneklemini olusturmaktadir. Veriler Turkce Erken Dil Gelisim Testi (TEDIL) ve Calisma Bellegi Olcegi (CBO) kullanilarak toplanmis, sozel calisma bellegi alt boyutlari ile alici, ifade edici ve sozel dil gelisimi arasindaki iliskiler bu calisma kapsaminda incelenmistir. Bulgular: Sonuclara gore sozel calisma bellegi alt boyutlarinin tamami ile cocuklarin dil becerileri arasinda anlamli duzeyde iliskiler bulunmustur. Sozel kisa sureli bellek ile alici dil becerileri arasindaki iliski duzeyi ifade edici dil becerilerine nazaran daha yuksektir. Ayrica cocuklarin dil gelisimleri ile sozel calisma bellegi performanslarinin terapiden yararlanma surelerine bagli olarak degisiklik gostermedigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Tartisma: Belirli bir engele bagli olmaksizin dil gelisiminde gucluk yasayan cocuklarin, sozel calisma belleginin alt boyutlarinda farkli performanslar gosterdigi gorulmustur. Bu cocuklarin degerlendirme surecine dil becerileriyle birlikte bilissel sureclerin de dahil edilerek butuncul ve ayrintili bir degerlendirme yapilmasi gerektigi ileri surulebilir.
Loyalty to holiday style: motivational determinants

Purpose This study aims to understand the push and pull motivations of leisure tourists who stay for one or more nights on the Opatija Riviera and explores the causal connection between motivations and loyalty intention with regard to holiday style. It verifies path discrepancy based on generational and educational differences. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected over a four-month period that included the low and high seasons of 2019. In total, 246 useable questionnaires were collected through on-site research. First, exploratory factor analysis was conducted as this was the first tourist loyalty study to be conducted in the Opatija Riviera region. Then, to test for causal significance amongst relationships and differences at the path level, the partial least square method and multigroup analysis (MGA) was undertaken. Findings The results showed that overall satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between the two established motivations (novelty seeking and outdoor activity) and loyalty to holiday style and partially between relaxation and loyalty to holiday style. Further, MGA results indicated a significant discrepancy in the relationship between preferred holiday style with regard to educational and age difference. Originality/value This study offers new insights regarding a relatively new type of tourist loyalty by developing a theoretical framework that assesses the relationship between loyalty intention and motivation, as well as overall satisfaction.
Phytochemicals Block Glucose Utilization and Lipid Synthesis to Counteract Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells

Aberrant metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancers. The contributions of dysregulated metabolism to cancer development, such as tumor cell survival, metastasis and drug resistance, have been extensively characterized. “Reprogrammed” metabolic pathways in cancer cells are mainly represented by excessive glucose consumption and hyperactive de novo lipogenesis. Natural compounds with anticancer activities are constantly being demonstrated to target metabolic processes, such as glucose transport, aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and desaturation. However, their molecular targets and underlying anticancer mechanisms remain largely unclear or controversial. Mounting evidence indicated that these natural compounds could modulate the expression of key regulatory enzymes in various metabolic pathways at transcriptional and translational levels. Meanwhile, natural compounds could also inhibit the activities of these enzymes by acting as substrate analogs or altering their protein conformations. The actions of natural compounds in the crosstalk between metabolism modulation and cancer cell destiny have become increasingly attractive. In this review, we summarize the activities of natural small molecules in inhibiting key enzymes of metabolic pathways. We illustrate the structural characteristics of these compounds at the molecular level as either inhibitor of various enzymes or regulators of metabolic pathways in cancer cells. Our ultimate goal is to both facilitate the clinical application of natural compounds in cancer therapies and promote the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
Progranulin (PGRN) is serves as an inflammation-response biomarker and promotes lung damage in burn-induced Sepsis via the SIRT1 Pathways by ROS

Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by bacterial infection (Jajoo et al., 2018). Sepsis is one of the common severe complications following burn trauma, shock, and operation in critically ill patients, which is also an important factor inducing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (Jajoo et al., 2018). Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by diffuse interstitial and alveolar edema due to various causes (Chen et al., 2018). Among the diverse causes of ALI, sepsis is considered the most important high-risk factor for ALI progression. The incidence of sepsis in ALI is high, with the mortality as high as 30 -50% (Chen et al., 2018). Scholars have found that the average global mortality rate is 43% from 72 clinical studies, which poses a major threat to human health. In mainland China, approximately 59% patients admitted to the ICU are due to infection, of whom, 37.3% would progress into severe sepsis and septic shock, and 27.1% would progress into ALI and ARDS (Dominguez et al., 2013).
Survey: Convolution Neural networks in Object Detection

In latest years, deep neural networks were observed to be the most influential among all innovations in the computer vision field, generating remarkable performance on image classification. Convolution neural networks (CNNs) are considering as an interesting tool for studying vision of biological because this category of artificial vision systems shows the capabilities of visual recognition similar to those of human observers. By improving the recognition performance of these models, it appears that they become more effective in prediction. Recent benchmarks have shown that deep CNNs are excellent approaches for object recognition and detection. In this paper, we are focusing on the core building blocks of convolution neural networks architecture. Different object detection methods that utilize convolution neural networks are discussed and compared. On the other hand, there is a simple summary of the common CNNs architectures.
230Th derived glacial to Holocene sediment fluxes in the southern Arabian Sea: insights into carbonate sedimentation

We present a record of glacial to Holocene 230Thxs normalized sediment mass fluxes for a site located on the eastern flank of the Carlsberg Ridge, Arabian Sea to evaluate carbonate burial, preservation and surface ocean changes spanning the last 38 ka. Sediment fluxes (0.81–3.70 g cm−2 ka−1) indicate dominant carbonate rain (0.44–1.83 g cm−2 ka−1), followed by 232Th‐based lithogenic flux (0.36–1.42 g cm−2 ka−1), with higher fluxes during the Holocene and the late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and extremely low fluxes during MIS 2. Despite large variations in sediment mass fluxes, the average flux of 230Thxs scavenged over the last 38 ka remained nearly constant. In contrast, the large variations in the initial 230Thxs activity display the effect of variable dilution by the carbonate flux. Analysis of 232Th‐based lithogenic flux documents a dominant fluvial source and links its variability to changing SW monsoon precipitation in the Indus source region. Comparison of the last 38 ka carbonate flux record with the present‐day carbonate flux intercepted at the closest mooring at 3915 m depth demonstrates burial efficiency of 80 to 99% to the seabed during the Holocene and late MIS 3 and 53% for the MIS 2. Calculated carbonate preservation efficiency relative to the trapped upper ocean carbonate flux provides evidence for a productivity control of the preserved carbonate flux, which indicates high preservation during the Holocene (63±10%), and MIS 3 (77±24%) and low during MIS 2 (41±15%). Our results suggest that the eastern flank of Carlsberg Ridge experienced enhanced carbonate production during the Holocene and MIS 3 compared to MIS 2. We suggest that changing oceanographic conditions in near‐surface waters have changed the carbonate supply to the sea floor accounting for the glacial to Holocene pattern with increased supply due to the intensified SW monsoon and reduced input associated with the weakened SW monsoon.
Highly stable supercapacitors with MOF-derived Co9S8/carbon electrodes for high rate electrochemical energy storage

Co9S8 has received intensive attention as an electrode material for electrical energy storage (EES) systems due to its unique structural features and rich electrochemical properties. However, the instability and inferior rate capability of the Co9S8 electrode material during the charge/discharge process has restricted its applications in supercapacitors (SCs). Here, MOF-derived Co9S8 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in carbon co-doped with N and S (Co9S8/NS–C) were synthesized as a high rate capability and super stable electrode material for SCs. The Co9S8/NS–C material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that the Co9S8/NS–C material possessed a unique nanostructure in which Co9S8 NPs were encapsulated in porous graphitic carbon co-doped with N and S. The N/S co-doped porous graphitic carbon of composite led to improved rate performance by enhancing the stability of the electrode material and shortening the ion diffusion paths due to a synergistic effect. The as-prepared Co9S8/NS–C-1.5 h material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 734 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, excellent rate capability (653 F g−1 at 10 A g−1) and superior cycling stability, i.e., capacitance retention of about 99.8% after 140 000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. Thus, a new approach to fabricate promising electrode materials for high-performance SCs is presented here.
Does Resiliency Mediate the Association of Psychological Adaptability with Limitations and Pain Intensity after Upper Extremity Trauma?

Background Given the influence of psychosocial factors on musculoskeletal symptoms and limitations, this study assessed if the ability of resilience (an individual's ability to adapt under stress) mediates the association of psychological adaptability with magnitude of physical limitations and pain intensity during recovery from an upper extremity injury. Methods A total of 107 patients were enrolled in this prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study. Patients completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF), an 11-point ordinal measure of pain intensity, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Psychological Adaptation Scale (PAS). We used structural equation modeling to assess the mediation effect by resiliency and psychological adaptability on patient-reported disability and pain at initial assessment and after three months. Results PAS and BRS were not independently associated with PROMIS PF or pain intensity at enrollment or after three months, so it was not possible to assess if resiliency mediated the association of psychological adaptability with physical function or pain. There were no factors independently associated with resilience. Conclusion General measures of psychological adaptability and resiliency do not correlate with symptoms and limitations as well as specific measures of adaptiveness in response to nociception.
Development of a Deep Neural Network Model for Estimating Joint Location of Occupant Indoor Activities for Providing Thermal Comfort

The type of occupant activities is a significantly important factor to determine indoor thermal comfort; thus, an accurate method to estimate occupant activity needs to be developed. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep neural network (DNN) model for estimating the joint location of diverse human activities, which will be used to provide a comfortable thermal environment. The DNN model was trained with images to estimate 14 joints of a person performing 10 common indoor activities. The DNN contained numerous shortcut connections for efficient training and had two stages of sequential and parallel layers for accurate joint localization. Estimation accuracy was quantified using the mean squared error (MSE) for the estimated joints and the percentage of correct parts (PCP) for the body parts. The results show that the joint MSEs for the head and neck were lowest, and the PCP was highest for the torso. The PCP for individual activities ranged from 0.71 to 0.92, while typing and standing in a relaxed manner were the activities with the highest PCP. Estimation accuracy was higher for relatively still activities and lower for activities involving wide-ranging arm or leg motion. This study thus highlights the potential for the accurate estimation of occupant indoor activities by proposing a novel DNN model. This approach holds significant promise for finding the actual type of occupant activities and for use in target indoor applications related to thermal comfort in buildings.
Photoplethysmogram combined with the Art of Eastern Pulse Analysis: a Novel Way to Assess Body and Mind Energy Balance

The photoplethysmogram (PPG) is currently used to assess the autonomic nervous system in wearable sensors but the PPG also contains additional information about the arterial system and mental state. This knowledge was known by ancient medicinal system, especially those from the Eastern countries. We present a work that combines the Tibetan medicine concepts of three fundamental energies or humours called Tripa, Lung and Beken with modern techniques of PPG signal analysis to derive a holistic view on the state of a person. Aims: To quantify the state of energy balance of a person using PPG and the three energies. The methodology is further validated in the context of mental stress and active breathing relaxation. Methods and Material: In Study 1, PPG features were computed on 33 subjects to derive the three energies. In Study 2: The energy balance was derived and validated on ten subjects. Results: Statistical results show that the PPG derived energies are significantly (Student t-tests) different from baseline in stress and relaxation. Energy balance shows a large group variance and exhibit the well-known psychophysiological adaptation process. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the potential benefit to use PPG to assess the mental and cardiac and vascular state of a person using Tibetan medicine concepts. The energy balance metric can potentially have great value in the assessment of mental state disorders such as anxiety, stress and depression and applied in the context of breathing based relaxation techniques. *Correspondence: Patrick Celka, SATHeart SA, Rue Galilée 15, CH-1400 Yverdonles-Bains, Switzerland, Email: patrick.celka@satheart.com. Received: 16 December 2020; Accepted: 10 January 2021
Makroekonomik Göstergeler ve Ülke Risk Primi İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between macroeconomic indicators/variables and sovereign risk premium in Turkey. The relationship between sovereign risk premium and exchange rate volatility, external debt/exports ratio, short-term interest rate, inflation rate has been analyzed with the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) using monthly data for the period between January 2003 – June 2017. Results for Turkey show that there is not a long term causality relationship between sovereign risk premium and selected macroeconomic variables. When looking at the causality relationship of the short term, that there is one-directional causality between sovereign risk premium and macroeconomic variables except interest rate.
Time-Dependent Model for Evaluating Corrosion Potential and Electrical Resistivity of Reinforced Concrete

The main work presented in this paper is to propose prediction models for estimating electrical resistivity of concrete and corrosion potential of steel in reinforced concrete. The prediction models for electrical resistivity of concrete (r) and corrosion potential of steel (Ecorr) incorporated hydration degree (αHyd(t) ), pozzolanic reaction degree (αPoz(t)), porosity (PCap(t)) and chloride content ([CL-]). Predicted results were verified with results of experimental measurement. An experimental program was run for 1 year with various concrete mix proportions. According to the results, corrosion resistance of concrete increased with time as the degree of hydration increased. Further, the introduction of fly ash offered a good corrosion resistance, which also increased with time. Lastly, the existence of chloride ions in the concrete weakened passive film on steel surface, by the fact that its presence eased the movement of ions in the concrete and increased the risk of corrosion.
Parameters for Quantitative Evaluation of the Radical-Generating (Pro-Oxidant) Capacity of Metal Ions and the Radical-Scavenging Activity of Antioxidants Using Voltammetric Method

In the system, which combines the Fenton reaction or similar (of iron, cobalt, nickel or copper ions with hydrogen peroxide) with the registration of the hydroxyl radical cathodic reduction voltammetric current, the parameters were adjusted for quantitative evaluation of the radical-generating (prooxidant) capacity of metal ions and activity of antioxidants in radical stress induced by metal ions of different nature. Measure of metal ions pro-oxidant activity is the value of the regression coefficient (expressed in plus microAmpere per micromol) of equation for linear approximation, constructed in the coordinates of analytical signal increasing relative to metal ions number in the reaction system. The value of the same regression coefficient (expressed in minus microAmpere per micromol) of equation for linear approximation, constructed in the coordinates of analytical signal decreasing relative to the amount of antioxidant (ascorbic acid) in the reaction system, is a measure of the antioxidant activity of substance.
Determination of mass transfer coefficients of 10B and 11B isotopes on chelating and weak base anion exchange resins

Abstract The successful design and the operation of chromatographic separations require the optimization of a large number of parameters which affect the separation in a usually nonlinear and interacting fashion. Additionally, modeling studies of chromatographic separations allow prediction of the dynamic behavior of the solute in the column against different operating alternatives without experimental effort, as well as scaling up the separation process. Thus the model based understanding of chromatographic separation, largely prevents the inconveniences of experimenting with the real process whether the operation is batch or continuous. There are several models to be used for chromatographic separations whether it is at the analytical scale or at the preparative/production scale, including the ideal model, the equilibrium dispersive model, the transport dispersive model and the general rate (GR) model. The GR model is widely acknowledged as being the most comprehensive among the chromatography models available in the literature as it accounts for axial dispersion and all the mass transfer resistances, e.g. external mass transfer of solute molecules from bulk phase to the external surface of the adsorbent, diffusion of the solute molecules through the particle, and adsorption-desorption processes on the site of the particles. In this study the mass transfer resistances of 10 B and 11 B isotopes are determined for chelating resin of different particle diameter and weak base anion exchange resin. Keywords: Mass Transfer Resistances, General Rate Model, Boron Isotopes, Chelating Resin, Weak Base Anion Exchange Resin