Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bodenverlagerung am Hang infolge von Bodenbearbeitung

Der Schutz des Bodens ist spatestens seit den 80er Jahren infolge des wachsenden Bewusstseins uber die fortdauernde Substanzbeeintrachtigung durch Schadstoffeintrage, Erosion, Bodenverdichtung und -versiegelung in den Blickpunkt der umweltrechtlichen Diskussion geruckt. Aus der Literatur geht hervor, dass der Bodenverlagerung auf Ackerflachen infolge der Bodenbearbeitung eine erhebliche Bedeutung zukommen kann. Nachfolgend wird ein Uberblick uber die Zusammenhange der bodenbearbeitungsinduzierten Bodenverlagerung gegeben, indem Einflussfaktoren, Methoden der Quantifizierung sowie mogliche Ansatze der Pravention vorgestellt werden.
Neuroprotection Profile of the High Affinity NMDA Receptor Antagonist Conantokin-G

Abstract : Conantokin-G (Con-G or CGX-1007), a potent NR2B subunit selective NMDA receptor antagonist, was evaluated for its neuroprotective properties in experimental models of neuronal injury. In primary neuronal cultures Con-G was shown to decrease excitotoxic calcium responses to NMDA and provide 100% neuroprotection against hypoxia/hypoglycemia (34 μM13-91), NMDA (77 μM42-141), glutamate (819 μM346-1937) or veratradine (2136 μM1508-3026) induced injury (numbers in parentheses indicate EC50 and 95% confidence limits). Con-G (0.1-1 μM) also provided up to 80% protection against staurosporine-induced apoptotic injury (P<0.01, n = 12/group), which was linked to the NR2B subunit. For in vivo brain injury studies, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in the rat was used as a model of transient focal brain ischemia. In this model Con-G (0.01-2.0 nmoles, i.c.v.) reduced brain infarction and improved both neurological and electroencephalographic (EEG) recovery as evaluated both 24 and 72 h post-injury. The maximal neuroprotective effect was measured with the highest dose of Con-G tested (2.0 nmol, i.c.v) with an 89% reduction of core infarct volume (P<0.05, n = 6-10/group). Post-injury time course experiments demonstrated a therapeutic window out to at least 4 h from the start of the injury. These neuroprotective effects were also associated with a 50% reduction in the early expression (i.e. 1-4 h) of the c-fos gene (P<0.05, n = 3-4/group), a preservation of Bcl-2 immunoreactivity at 24 h (P<0.05, n = 4), and with a reduction in DNA strand breaks in the ischemic hemisphere as evaluated 24 h post-injury (P<0.05, n = 6/group).
Modelación de la asimetría y curtosis condicionales: una aplicación VaR para series colombianas

Las metodologias tradicionales utilizadas para calcular el valor en riesgo y el valor en riesgo condicional usualmente modelan el primer y segundo momento de las series, suponiendo que el tercer y cuarto momento son constantes. En este documento se utiliza la metodologia de Hansen [1994] para modelar los primeros cuatro momentos de la serie, en particular, se usan varias formas parametricas para modelar la asimetria y curtosis. Las medidas de VaR y CVaR tradicionales y las propuestas son calculadas para la Tasa Representativa del Mercado, los TES, y el IGBC para el periodo diario comprendido entre enero de 2008 y febrero de 2014. En general, se encuentra que las medidas de riesgo de mercado presentan mejor desempeno al modelar la asimetria y la curtosis.
An open-label study of citalopram in the treatment of pathological gambling.

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effectiveness of citalopram in the treatment of pathological gambling. METHOD Fifteen adult pathological gamblers (DSM-IV criteria) were administered citalopram in an open-label fashion for up to 12 weeks. Subjects were rated at baseline and at 2-week intervals on measures of gambling severity and depression, and monthly on quality of life. RESULTS Patients reported significant (p < .05) improvements on all gambling measures including the number of days gambled, the amount of money lost gambling, preoccupation with gambling, and urges to gamble. Thirteen (86.7%) of the patients were rated as "much improved" or "very much improved" on a clinician-rated Clinical Global Impressions scale for gambling. Patients reported improvement in depression and overall quality of life. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 8) improved to approximately the same degree as patients without MDD (N = 7). For most patients, clinical improvement occurred during the first 2 weeks of treatment; for the 9 patients who completed the entire 12-week trial, these gains were maintained. CONCLUSION Citalopram appears to be an effective treatment for pathological gambling, and this benefit was independent of its antidepressant properties. Future studies employing a control group will be important to examine the extent of the response to nonspecific factors of treatment.
Histological examination of vascular damage caused by stent retriever thrombectomy devices

Background and objectives Although the recently marketed stent retriever thrombectomy devices have demonstrated a high recanalization rate and favorable clinical outcomes, there is a concern about the risks of intimal injuries when pulling out the stent in the unfolded position. In this study, the Solitaire Flow Restoration System and the Trevo retriever were used in a histopathological comparison of vascular injuries caused by stent retriever thrombectomy devices. Methods Rabbit carotid arteries were used in the experiments with stent retriever thrombectomy devices. Carotid artery samples were harvested either 1 or 2 weeks postoperatively for histological examination. Results Histological changes caused by the use of stent retriever thrombectomy devices were observed from the intimal to medial layers. With the Solitaire FR 4 mm, intimal and medial thickening was observed 1 week postoperatively, and progression of intimal thickening was observed 2 weeks postoperatively. The extent of intimal thickening tended to be greater with the Solitaire FR 6 mm than with the Solitaire FR 4 mm, but this difference was not significant. Compared with the Solitaire FR 4 mm, the Trevo had a significantly smaller area of intimal thickening. Conclusions Although there are some differences among devices, results from this study indicate that stent retriever thrombectomy devices induce vascular damage that extends to the medial layer.
Dense Trivalent Graphs for Processor Interconnection

This paper presents a new family of undirected graphs that allows N processors to be connected in a network of diameter 3/2 log2 N + O(1), while only requiring that each processor be connected to three neighbors. The best trivalent graphs previously proposed require a diameter of 2 log2N + O(1).
Understanding the transmission of H 5 N 1

H5N1 influenza virus is now endemic in many regions of the world. Outbreaks continue to occur with devastating impact to local economies and threatening human health. The transmission of the virus involves a complex interplay between the spatio-temporal dynamics of the potential avian hosts, the ecology of the virus and poultry farming and trade. Despite increased monitoring of wild bird populations and poultry trade, control measures remain insufficient to mitigate the spread of the virus. Here, we focus on the influence of seasonality of migration and breeding in the transmission of H5N1. We also review recent findings on the interaction between migratory birds and poultry in the pattern of recurrence of H5N1 outbreaks. Finally, impacts of vaccination and co-circulation of avian influenza strains are discussed in the context of re-emergence and silent spreading of the disease.
Osteoporosis Prevention and Management: An Evidence-based Review

Evidence-based guidelines that have been prepared by many professional organizations aimed at assisting the clinician in the initial evaluation of postmenopausal women who should be considered for bone mineral density evaluation by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; history, physical examination, and laboratory testing in those women being considered for pharmacologic intervention; and monitoring and management of women for whom therapy is prescribed are discussed.
Mobile pointme based pervasive gaming interaction with learning objects annotated physical atlas

The prevalent visions of ambient intelligence leverage natural interaction between user and available services in a learning space. In this pursuit, we propose a framework to facilitate handheld device based PointMe interaction with annotated media content, where the user points his/her handheld device to the annotated physical atlas for interacting with a world map. The proposed system performs annotations by specifying spatial location of the atlas and mapping related learning information to them. Each annotated data is encoded in customized Learning Object Metadata (LOM) format and they provide access points for available information about the specific countries in the map. This real world interaction technique with the physical environment and seamless virtual learning information acquisition make the system transparent from the young learners and help them to become engaged in their learning activities.
Role of the Light Chain of High Molecular Weight Kininogen in Adhesion, Cell-Associated Proteolysis and Angiogenesis

Abstract Cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) by plasma kallikrein results in a light chain and a heavy chain (HK). The light chain has two domains: D6, which binds (pre)kallikrein, and D5, which binds to anionic surfaces, including heparin as well as zinc. Initially, HK was thought to be important for surface-activated coagulation. HKa or D5 binds to the urokinase receptor on endothelial cells, thereby enhancing the conversion of prourokinase to urokinase by kallikrein, and, thus, cell-associated fibrinolysis. HKa or D5 is antiadhesive by competing with vitronectin binding to the urokinase receptor and/or forming a complex with vitronectin. D5 inhibits endothelial cell migration, proliferation, tube formation and angiogenesis, thus modulating inflammation and neovascularization.
Do Measures of Liquidity Measure Liquidity

Liquidity plays an increasingly important role in empirical asset pricing, market efficiency, and corporate finance. Identifying high quality proxies for liquidity based on daily data only (not intraday data) would permit liquidity to be studied over relatively long timeframes and across many countries. We introduce new liquidity measures. We run horseraces of both monthly and annual liquidity measures. Our benchmarks are effective spread, realized spread, and price impact based on both TAQ and Rule 605 data, including the decimals era. We identify the best proxies in each case and find that the new liquidity measures win the majority of horseraces
Engaging the disengaged: how do we design technology for digitally excluded older adults?

Amongst older adults, recent evidence suggests the most commonly stated reason for non-adoption of digital technologies is a lack of interest, rather than affordability or difficulty. This directly impacts upon the design community, both in terms of technologies we design for such groups to adopt, and the design methods we use for exploiting the untapped creativity and innovation amongst people who are not particularly interested in the outcome. This paper explores issues of technology non-acceptance amongst older adults, and reports on work designed to incorporate the values of older adults within the design process. We present the results of a series of interviews conducted with disengaged older adults, presenting the key themes found within a subset with these interviews.
Characterization of immature B cells by a novel monoclonal antibody, by turnover and by mitogen reactivity

The transit of immature to mature sIgM+ B cells, the life span, maturation kinetics and response to polyclonal activators have been analyzed with the help of a new mAb (493), that distinguishes immature, 493+ from mature, 493− B cells in a variety of mouse strains tested. Analysis of the turnover of immature 493+ B cells by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling kinetics indicate that only 10 – 20 % of the cells reach the spleen as immature 493+ cells. The life span of 493+ B cells in bone marrow and spleen is around 4 days. BrdU chase experiments show that most of the immature cells in spleen enter the pool of mature, 493− B cells where they gain a longer life span of 15 – 20 weeks. Immature and mature B cells respond equally well to LPS stimulation; anti‐CD40, however, stimulates mature B cells better than immature B cells. IgM cross‐linking of mature B cells results in proliferation, while it induces apoptosis in immature B cells. This apoptosis of immature cells can be inhibited by co‐stimulation with anti‐CD40 or by overexpression of bcl‐2. We speculate that Ig receptor ligand‐mediated apoptosis (negative selection) plays a major role in the transit of immature B cells from bone marrow to spleen, but only a minor role in the transit from immature B cells to mature B cells in the spleen.
Evaluation of Post-Mastectomy Pain and Functional Outcome after Surgery for Early Breast Cancer

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate post-mastectomy functional outcome as regards the frequency and severity of post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS), occurrence of lymphedema (LE), occurrence of shoulder motion restriction, physical and psychological welfare after different types of surgery for early breast cancer. Patients and Methods: The study comprised 28 patients with early breast cancer divided into 3 groups according to operative procedure indicated; modified radical mastectomy (group A), pectoralis minor preservation mastectomy (group B) and breast conservative surgery (group C). Postoperative follow-up was conducted every 3 months for PMPS using McGill Pain Questionnaire, pain severity was recorded using 4-point verbal analogue scale. The frequency of occurrence and the degree of LE was reported using sequential circumferential measurements. Psychological and physical welfare was determined using a 4-subscale questionnaire. Results: 10 patients (35.7%) had PMPS with a non-significant difference between the three applied procedures as regards both the frequency and severity of PMPS. 2 patients in group A had painful shoulder with significant reduction of shoulder abduction and external rotation. Six patients (21.4%) developed LE with significant increase in the mean difference in arm circumference in group A & B compared to group C. Patients included in group C had significantly higher scores of psychological and physical welfare compared to other groups. Conclusion: It could be concluded that PMPS is not strictly related to the type of surgical procedure and whenever indicated breast conservative surgery has better functional outcome with the least incidence of complications. (Egypt J. Neurol. Psychiat. Neurosurg., 2007, 44(1): 111-122).
Design and experimental verification of thin acoustic lenses for the coagulation of large tissue volumes

Large focal volumes are desired in ultrasound surgery to reduce the total treatment time when large tumours are thermally coagulated. Phased arrays are capable of producing enlarged focal volumes in addition to providing the ability for on-line modification of focal shape and location. Although phased arrays have several advantages over their non-phased counterparts, the complexity of these arrays also presents some disadvantages regarding cost and complexity. One less costly alternative is the use of thin acoustic lenses to alter the field shape of a single-focus transducer. Four polystyrene lenses have been designed using the sector-vortex principle developed for phased arrays by Cain and Umemura. Measurements of the acoustic fields produced with the lenses are in good agreement with the simulated fields. The transmission measurements through each of the four lenses ranged from 76% to 84%, and over 52 W of total acoustic power has been delivered through each of the lenses during in vivo experiments without any damage to the lenses or the transducer. The in vivo results showed an increase in rate of necrosis to using the mode 4 lens, or times higher than the focused transducer alone.
Vermittlungsgutscheine und Beauftragungen Dritter im Vergleich

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die relative Wirksamkeit von Vermittlungsgutscheinen und Beauftragungen Dritter mit der gesamten Vermittlung im direkten Vergleich. Die Untersuchung basiert auf den Prozessdaten der Bundesagentur fur Arbeit und bezieht sich auf das Jahr 2004. Als Zielvariable wird der Anteil der Personen betrachtet, die bis zu sechs Monaten nach Inanspruchnahme der Instrumente in regularer Beschaftigung sind. Die mikrookonometrischen Evaluationsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Vermittlungsgutscheine im Vergleich zu den Beauftragungen Dritter mit der gesamten Vermittlung mehr Arbeitslose, die rechtlich beide Instrumente nutzen konnen, in Beschaftigung gebracht haben.
A subexponential parameterized algorithm for Subset TSP on planar graphs

Given a graph G and a subset S of vertices, the Subset TSP problem asks for a shortest closed walk in G visiting all vertices of S. The problem can be solved in time 2k ·nO(1) using the classical dynamic programming algorithms of Bellman and of Held and Karp, where k = |S| and n = |V(G)|. Our main resulvt is showing that the problem can be solved in time (2O(√k log k) + W) · nO(1) if G is a planar graph with weights that are integers no greater than W. While similar speedups have been observed for various paramterized problems on planar graphs, our result cannot be simply obtained as a consequence of bounding the treewidth of G or invoking bidimensionality theory. Our algorithm consists of two steps: (1) find a locally optimal solution, and (2) use it to guide a dynamic program. The proof of correctness of the algorithm depends on a treewidth bound on a graph obtained by combining an optimal solution with a locally optimal solution.
BIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS LOSS IN SIMULATED RUNOFF FROM A PHOSPHORUS-ENRICHED SOIL UNDER TWO FORAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Although runoff from phosphorus (P)-enriched soils contains more P than the functionally defined molybdate-reactive P, information on the biological significance of the remaining fraction is limited. A study was conducted to characterize distributions of inorganic and enzyme-labile P forms in simulated runoff from a silt loam soil (Typic Hapludults) under orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.)-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and no-till forage-type soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems after the fall harvest. Forage management effects on runoff composition and on relationships between soil water-extractable P (WEP) in runoff and bioactive P pools were determined after eight annual manure applications. Concentration and mass distributions of P forms in runoff over time were lognormally distributed, and four parameters defined the distributions' amplitude and asymmetry. The more inclusive total bioactive P (EDTA-PHP) fraction was found in greater concentration and mass than WEP. Peak concentrations and mass loads were greater from soil amended with manure P than untreated soil and from soil under orchard grass-clover than soil under soybean-wheat rotation. The strength of correlations between predicted WEP mass loads and soil P pools was in the order EDTA-PHP > ligand-exchangeable inorganic P > Mehlich-3P, suggesting that runoff P forms were directly associated with soil available P fractions that were partly derived from enzyme-mediated processes. The results also suggested that knowledge of the P release pattern was as important a factor as mass load because management intensity and yield potentials of these forage systems can alter the characteristics of the loss process.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN WAIKATO , NEW ZEALAND

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a standardised approach to evaluate resource use and environmental emissions of a production system or product. It covers multiple stages, including raw material extraction, production of farm inputs and farm emissions (i.e. cradleto-farm-gate stages), and can extend to milk processing, transport, consumer use and waste. LCA has been applied in agriculture over the past decade to examine the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with products such as milk. More recently it has been applied in assessing a range of environmental emissions. For example, the current European Product Environmental Footprinting initiative covers multiple environmental impact categories. This paper reports on studies using LCA to evaluate effects of dairy intensification in the Waikato region of New Zealand (NZ; using DairyNZ DairyBase farm survey data) covering cradle-to-farm-gate stages. Initial focus was on the carbon footprint of milk (total GHG emissions) and the effects of intensification using different brought-in supplementary feeds. While GHG emissions per on-farm hectare increased with dairy intensification, there was little difference in GHG emissions per kg milk. However, the results depended on the type of feed used, with highest emissions from use of palm kernel expeller. Recent research extended the use of LCA to evaluate a wider range of environmental impact indicators (up to 12). This evaluation showed an increase in emissions per kg milk for the high intensification level compared to the low intensification level of 5-32%, depending on the impact indicator, with the highest increase for Freshwater Ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis revealed the importance of using NZ-specific data, rather than relying in global default values, for Product Environmental Footprinting of NZ milk products. Across many environmental impact indicators, the off-farm stages of agrichemical (fertilisers and pesticides) production and production of off-farm feeds were significant contributors to total environmental emissions. This has implications for practices to reduce the environmental impacts from NZ agricultural products.
Developing a software toolkit for urban traffic modeling

ATLAS is a modeling language that permits a static view of a city section to be defined for simulating traffic in closed areas. We propose a methodology that is focused on the user while being able to improve the software development activities. The models are formally specified, avoiding a high number of errors in the application, thus reducing the problem solving time. Streets are characterized by their traffic direction, number of lanes, etc. Once the urban section is outlined, the traffic flow is automatically set up. Specialized behavior is included to model traffic lights, trucks, traffic signs, railways, etc. The basic idea is to provide a mapping into DEVS and Cell‐DEVS models that can be easily executed with a simulation tool. As the modelers can focus on the problem to solve, development times for the simulators can be dramatically reduced. A front‐end system allows the user to draw city sections (and then parse the drawing to create a valid ATLAS file), and an output subsystem permitting cars to be shown with realistic 3D graphics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.