Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vegetation Changes Associated with Phytophthora cinnamomi and its Decline under Xanthorrhoea australis in Kinglake National Park, Victoria

Changes in the species composition associated with the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and changes in the potential activity of the fungus were measured at a dry sclerophyll forest site in Kinglake National Park. In soil infested with P. cinnanzorni, both the percentage cover and density of the major overstorey species (Eucalyptus dives Schauer in Walp. and E. macrorhyncha F.Muel1.) and major understorey species (Xanthorrhoea australis R.Br., Daviesia ulicifolia Andrews and Dillwynia phylicoides Cunn.) were significantly reduced, while both the cover and density of the sedge species (Gahnia sieberiana Kunth., Lepidosperma laterale R.Br.and L. semiteres F.Muell.) increased significantly. The density of the major grass species, Chionochloapallida (R.Br.) S.W. L.Jacobs, did not change. Species that were susceptible to P. cinnamomi showed varying patterns of decline. Xanthorrhoea australis was the most sensitive to the presence of P. cinnamomi, showing an immediate and large decline in both percentage cover and density, while Daviesia ulicifolia was the least sensitive, showing a decline only at later stages of disease development in the vegetation. Lepidosperma laterale and L. seiiziteres were the major colonisers of the diseased vegetation at this site, and were succeeded by Gahnia sieberiana, which became the dominant sedge species in the diseased zone after the dead plants of X. australis had collapsed. A seasonal survey (1992-1994) of P. cinnamomi found the pathogen to be potentially active all year round at this site, with summer and winter maxima. A decline was measured in the potential activity of P. cinnamorni underneath diseased and dead plants of X. australis after a disease outbreak. The potential activity of P. cinnamomi was greatest in soil collected from the base of dying plants of X. australis and zero in soil from under dead and collapsed individuals of that species. A similar pattern of decline in the potential pathogen activity was measured for the same host species at disease sites in the Brisbane Ranges National Park and Angahook State Park. A similar consistent pattern of decline in the disease potential of P. cinnamomi in soil from under diseased and dead plants of X. australis was observed in a pot bioassay. This decline in disease potential was overcome by the addition of Eucalyptus sieberi L.A. S.Johnson seedlings and P. cinnamomi inoculum to the soil.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Mitigation of Drought Stress in Crop Plants: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture

Abiotic stresses arising from climate change negates crop growth and yield, leading to food insecurity. Drought causes oxidative stress on plants, arising from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inadequate CO2, which disrupts the photosynthetic machinery of plants. The use of conventional methods for the development of drought-tolerant crops is time-consuming, and the full adoption of modern biotechnology for crop enhancement is still regarded with prudence. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be used as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly approach for enhancing crop growth under environmental stress. The various direct and indirect mechanisms used for plant growth enhancement by PGPR were discussed. Synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane−1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enhances plant nutrient uptake by breaking down plant ACC, thereby preventing ethylene accumulation, and enable plants to tolerate water stress. The exopolysaccharides produced also improves the ability of the soil to withhold water. PGPR enhances osmolyte production, which is effective in reducing the detrimental effects of ROS. Multifaceted PGPRs are potential candidates for biofertilizer production to lessen the detrimental effects of drought stress on crops cultivated in arid regions. This review proffered ways of augmenting their efficacy as bio-inoculants under field conditions and highlighted future prospects for sustainable agricultural productivity.
Little women: Essays on maternal nutrition, social hierarchy, and health in India

This thesis is a collection of four papers on maternal health in India, its causes, its implications for population health, and the inadequacy of government response. The first chapter introduces the dissertation and its themes. The second chapter defines the scope of maternal malnutrition in India: it provides, to my knowledge, the first estimates of pre-pregnancy underweight and weight gain during pregnancy. By applying reweighting techniques, it finds that 42.2% of pre-pregnant women are underweight, and that they gain only about 7 kilograms during pregnancy. This paper further documents the surprising fact that maternal nutrition is better in sub-Saharan Africa than it is in India. The third chapter is co-authored with Reetika Khera and Dean Spears, and examines an important cause of poor maternal nutrition in India: low intrahousehold status of young women. It documents how differences in social status between women in joint rural households lead to differences in nutrition during pregnancy. These differences in maternal nutrition are in part responsible for differences in the heights of their children: the children of lower-ranking mothers in joint rural households are about a quarter of a standard deviation shorter than their cousins born to higher-ranking mothers. The fourth chapter suggests population level health consequences of poor maternal nutrition in India. It documents a correlation between cohort height, a measure of health and human capital, and neonatal mortality in the cohort’s year of birth, a measure of maternal health. These findings contribute what are, to my knowledge, the first evidence from within a developing country of associations between neonatal mortality and height. The final chapter is a qualitative study of India’s Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a conditional cash transfer for women who give birth in health facilities, rather than at home. This qualitative study from a rural district in Uttar Pradesh sheds light on why the program has not improved health outcomes, including neonatal mortality. The program is narrowly focused on delivery, rather than on promoting health in pregnancy. Health
Emerging Public Health Challenges of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals and Environment

Emerging public health challenges of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different 1 ecological niches in Egypt: Food, humans, animals and environment 2 3 Kamelia M. Osman , 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt 5 Corresponding author e-mail: kamelia-osman@hotmail.com 6 7 Anthony D. Kappell, 8 Water Quality Center, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette 9 University, USA 10 e-mail: adkappell@gmail.com 11 12 Edward M. Fox 3 13 Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 14 e-mail: Edward.fox@northumbria.ac. uk 15 16 Ahmed Orabi 17 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt 18 e-mail: drorabi2012@yahoo.com 19 20 Ahmed Samir , 21 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt 22 e-mail: ahmedsamir121@hotmail.com 23 24 25
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Linkage Disequilibrium of Pearl Millet

Mapping of GBS reads of 398 accessions to the draft genome sequence identified 82,112 SNPs Model‐based clustering analysis revealed a hierarchical genetic structure of six subgroups Greater LD decay in the west‐African subpopulation is likely due to long history of recombination Genetic differentiation analysis among subpopulations revealed variation in selection signatures
Sereal Sehat dengan Ingredien Mikrokapsul Extra Virgin Fish Oil Terproteksi Antioksidan Alami Buah Bakau

AYU LUTHFIANI SYIFA. Healthy Cereal with Ingredients Microcapsules Extra Virgin Fish Oil Protected by Natural Antioxidants Mangrove Fruit. Supervised by WINI TRILAKSANI and BAMBANG RIYANTO. Fatty acids especially Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be obtained from the best quality of tuna eyes using cold extraction. The vulnerability of fish oil susceptible to oxidation in food require microencapsulation techniques and natural antioxidants addition. This study aimed to produce tuna eye extra virgin fish oil microcapsules protected by natural antioxidant mangrove fruit as a cereal fortification preparation. Stages of research included extraction of extra virgin fish oil, extraction of antioxidants from mangroves, microencapsulation EVFO with mangrove antioxidants, and formulation of extruction cereal product. Mangrove (Rhizopora mucronata) extracted with water had a strong antioxidant activity with IC50 of 53.28 ppm and the best microcapsules were obtained from arabic maltodextrin-gum coating material with of 4000 ppm of natural antioxidants from mangrove fruit which had an efficiency value of 93.71%, peroxide number 97.68 meq/Kg, with round shape and size 6.26 μm. Cereal with serving sizes of 35 g and addition of 3.6% of fish oil microcapsules contribute a total calories 134 kcal, 100 mg DHA, and 125 mg omega-3
Response to Conspecific Alarm Cues by Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) Larvae

Detection of predators early in a predation sequence may allow prey to increase their probability of survival by taking evasive action. For aquatic species in ephemeral ponds visibility is often limited, so predation risk assessment via chemical cues can be useful. Most mole salamanders of the genus Ambystoma breed in vernal ponds, and larvae suffer high mortality rates due in part to high levels of predation. I tested whether larvae can assess predation risk by detecting chemicals (alarm cues) released from the skin of damaged conspecifics, and, if so, what factors influence the response to this alarm cue. Field-caught spotted salamander larvae ( Ambystoma maculatum ) responded with fright to the chemical cue of damaged conspecifics, but not to control cues. To investigate the ubiquity of this response throughout ontogeny, I conducted further experiments to examine effects of age and experience of cue donors and receivers on alarm responses. In a second experiment, I measured responses of neonate larvae to alarm substance from two different age classes of conspecifics, using heartrate as indicator of fright. The neonate larvae showed increased heartrate (fright) to the cue from older conspecifics, but not the cue from conspecifics from their own age class. My third experiment tested whether larval experience is required for response to the alarm cue. In this experiment, lab-reared individuals did not distinguish between conspecific alarm cues and the control stimuli. My study provides the first evidence for the production of chemical alarm cues by larval salamanders and indicates that alarm responses may vary due across ontogenetic development.
Estimating Forest Aboveground Carbon Storage in Hang-Jia-Hu Using Landsat TM/OLI Data and Random Forest Model

Dynamic monitoring of carbon storage in forests resources is important for tracking ecosystem functionalities and climate change impacts. In this study, we used multi-year Landsat data combined with a Random Forest (RF) algorithm to estimate the forest aboveground carbon (AGC) in a forest area in China (Hang-Jia-Hu) and analyzed its spatiotemporal changes during the past two decades. Maximum likelihood classification was applied to make land-use maps. Remote sensing variables, such as the spectral band, vegetation indices, and derived texture features, were extracted from 20 Landsat TM and OLI images over five different years (2000, 2004, 2010, 2015, and 2018). These variables were subsequently selected according to their importance and subsequently used in the RF algorithm to build an estimation model of forest AGC. The results showed the following: (1) Verification of classification results showed maximum likelihood can extract land information effectively. Our land cover classification yielded overall accuracies between 86.86% and 89.47%. (2) Additionally, our RF models showed good performance in predicting forest AGC, with R2 from 0.65 to 0.73 in the training and testing phase and a RMSE range between 3.18 and 6.66 Mg/ha. RMSEr in the testing phase ranged from 20.27 to 22.27 with a low model error. (3) The estimation results indicated that forest AGC in the past two decades increased with density at 10.14 Mg/ha, 21.63 Mg/ha, 26.39 Mg/ha, 29.25 Mg/ha, and 44.59 Mg/ha in 2000, 2004, 2010, 2015, and 2018. The total forest AGC storage had a growth rate of 285%. (4) Our study showed that, although forest area decreased in the study area during the time period under study, the total forest AGC increased due to an increment in forest AGC density. However, such an effect is overridden in the vicinity of cities by intense urbanization and the loss of forest covers. Our study demonstrated that the combined use of remote sensing data and machine learning techniques can improve our ability to track the forest changes in support of regional natural resource management practices.
Exploration of indigenous rhizobacteria: in search for their potential as plant growth promoting bacteria at two potato producing areas in West Sumatra

An experiment aiming at exploring and identifying indigenous rhizobacteria from Nagari Alahan Panjang and Nagari Batagak, two potato growing field at the Province of West Sumatra, has been conducted from July to October 2018. Soil was collected from the potato growing areas at Municipality Solok and Municipality Agam. One hundred grams of soil was collected from 25 spots of land at each area. Ten gram of soil was added to 9 mL of sterile distilled water prior to thorough mix in a vortex. The suspension was then subject to series of dilution to get 10-5 or 10-6 solution. Then, 0.1 mL of the final solution was poured into a test tube containing liquid NA medium and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was incubated for 48 hours at ambient temperature. Bacterial colonies went through series of re-culture until pure isolate was obtained and were observed for their morphological and physiological characters. Based on hypersensitivity reaction on leaves of Mirabilis jalapa, seventeen isolates found at Municipality Solok and 49 isolates were identified from Municipality Agam. These isolates did not cause leaf-tissue damage of Mirabilis jalapa. Different types and characters of the rhizobacteria is a broad range of biodiversity which will be potential for further screening for bio assays againts major weeds in potato cultivation and may be used to open the windows to the natural immunity and wellness through induced resistant to major weeds.
Leveraging correlations between polygenic risk score predictors to detect heterogeneity in GWAS cohorts

Evidence from both GWAS and clinical observation has suggested that certain psychiatric, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous, comprising multiple subtypes with distinct genomic etiologies and Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS). However, the presence of subtypes within many phenotypes is frequently unknown. We present CLiP (Correlated Liability Predictors), a method to detect heterogeneity in single GWAS cohorts. CLiP calculates a weighted sum of correlations between SNPs contributing to a PRS on the case/control liability scale. We demonstrate mathematically and through simulation that among i.i. d. homogeneous cases, significant anti-correlations are expected between otherwise independent predictors due to ascertainment on the hidden liability score. In the presence of heterogeneity from distinct etiologies, confounding by covariates, or mislabeling, these correlation patterns are altered predictably. We further extend our method to two additional association study designs: CLiP-X for quantitative predictors in applications such as transcriptome-wide association, and CLiP-Y for quantitative phenotypes, where there is no clear distinction between cases and controls. Through simulations, we demonstrate that CLiP and its extensions reliably distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous cohorts when the PRS explains as low as 5% of variance on the liability scale and cohorts comprise 50, 000 − 100, 000 samples, an increasingly practical size for modern GWAS. We apply CLiP to heterogeneity detection in schizophrenia cohorts totaling > 50, 000 cases and controls collected by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We observe significant heterogeneity in mega-analysis of the combined PGC data (p-value 8.54e-4), as well as in individual cohorts meta-analyzed using Fisher’s method (p-value 0.03), based on significantly associated variants.
Effects of Endurance Exercise under Noninterference of Food and Drink on Blood Pressure and Blood-lipid in Simple Obesity Children

The blood pressure and blood lipid were inspected in 19 children of simple obesity and 20 healthy children. The children of simple obesity had their endurance training for 8 weeks without low salt and low fat diet requirement. The results showed that the blood pressure of the simple obesity children was remarkably higher than that of the normal children. Their blood lipid metabolism was disorder. After endurance exercise under noninterference of food and drink the serum TG content of the obesity children decreased, the HDL C increased remarkably and the disorder of blood lipid metabolism relieved. And their blood pressure went down as well. Furthermore, through the analysis of a number of factors, it was found that TG is positively relevant to SBP (r=0.32) and DBP (r=0.22), while ApoAI was negatively relevant to SBP (r=-0.19) and DBP (r=-0.20), which suggest that the high blood pressure of the simple obesity children is related to the disorder of blood lipid metabolism. Endurance exercise helps to reduce the blood pressure and blood lipid of the obesity children under noninter ference of food and drink.
Epigenetic regulation in lymphoma

Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal growth and development for the preservation of gene expression patterns in mammalian specific tissues. Global changes in the epigenetic land scape are a sign of cancer. Cancer is considered as one of the genetic diseases, but it has recently become clear that epigenetic alterations have been implicated in the progression and initiation of cancer. Recent advances in the rapidly evolving field of epigenetic cancer have revealed a general reprogramming of all components of epigenetic cancer machines, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNA expression as well as the positioning of the nucleosome. The reversible nature of epigenetic aberrations has led to the manifestation of potential exposures of epigenetic therapy that is improving with the current FDA approval for some epigenetic drugs for cancer treatment. In B cell lymphomas, epigenetic mutations and perturbations of the epigenetic structure are recent events. The main objective of this review is to highlight some important discoveries involved in epigenetic regulation and to provide a theoretical framework to examine them that how epigenetic modifications could contribute to lymphomagenesis.
Utilization of microsatellite markers in genotyping of Saudi Arabian camels for productivity and conservation

Abstract: Camels are considered as integral and notable components of the heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Genetic variabilities within and among four camel populations in Saudi Arabia were evaluated using 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci of 122 unrelated individuals, including three indigenous breeds [Humur (HA), Zurg (ZR), Shuguh (SG)] and one exotic breed [Sudanese (SN)]. Nineteen SSR markers generated multilocus fingerprints with a total of 225 alleles, a range of 4–23 alleles per locus, and an average of 9, 7, 7, and 6 alleles per locus in HA, ZR, SG, and SN populations, respectively. The mean multilocus FST value (0.034 ± 0.005) showed non-significant population differentiation. Mean observed heterozygosity values were 0.908 for HA, 0.860 for ZR, 0.919 for SG, and 0.887 for SN, which were higher than the expected heterozygosity. An excess of heterozygotes was observed, suggesting the presence of overdominant selection or the occurrence of outbreeding. Pairwise genetic distances indicated that the three indigenous camel breeds were genetically close to each other and genetically distant to the SN population. This genetic variability assessment by microsatellite analysis is important and useful for the conservation of local camel genetic resources as well as the future development of breeding programs.
Effects of acupuncture on plasma neuropeptide in migraine rats

AIM:To explore the effects of acupuncture on plasma calcitonin gene-related p eptide(CGRP), substance P(SP),endothelin(ET),neuropeptide Y (NPY),atrial natriur etic factor atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP) and neurotensin(NT) in migraine rats. METHODS:Forty SD rats were randomly allocated into normal control group,model control group, acupuncture control group and acupuncture treatment group.After m odeling or acupuncture,levels of plasma neuropeptides in external jugular vein(E JV) in each group were determined with radioimmunoasay method. RESULTS:Rats in the model group had higher levels of CGRP[(319.64±53.12)ng/L] ,SP[(126.76±39.29)ng/L], ANP[(366.11±83.12)ng/L],ET[(785.00±186.64) ng/L]and NPY[(4 567.06±1 041.8) ng/L]as compared with the normal control group[CGRP(152. 87±31.82) ng/L;SP(57.43±21.03) ng/L;ANP(278.31±58.76) ng/L;ET(516.88±126. 89) ng/L;NPY(3 232.75±424.87) ng/L](t=2.283-2.791,P 0.05 or P 0.01),but the levels of NT in the model control group was decreased significantly to(56.64 ±21.21) ng/L,as compared with that in the normal control group[(113.12±35.92) ng/L,t=2.842,P 0.01]. Compared with the model control group,the level of CGRP,SP ,ANP,ET and NPY were significantly decreased to (148.54±19.18),(60.76±22.31),( 287.63±68.64),(524.38±122.55) and(3 324.56±576.77) ng/L in the acupuncture tr eatment group(t=2.833-2.481,P 0.05 or P 0.01),while the level of NT was sig nificantly increased to(101.13±27.69) ng/L(t=2.669,P 0.05). CONCLUSION:Acupuncture can regulate the synthesis and release of neuropeptides , which is one of the main factors in the treatment of migraine.