Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromyography Activity of the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris Muscles during Prostration and Squat Exercise

This paper investigates the activity of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) in healthy subjects during salat (prostration) and specific exercise (squat exercise) using electromyography (EMG). A group of undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years voluntarily participated in this study. The myoelectric activity of the muscles were recorded and analyzed. The finding indicated that there were contractions of the muscles during the salat and exercise with almost same EMG’s level. From the result, Wilcoxon’s Rank Sum test showed significant difference between prostration and squat exercise (p<0.05) but the differences was very small; RF (8.63%MVC) and BF (11.43%MVC). Therefore, salat may be useful in strengthening exercise and also in rehabilitation programs for lower limb activities. This pilot study conducted initial research into the biomechanical responses of human muscles in various positions of salat. Keywords—Electromyography, exercise, muscle, salat.
Sur quoi peut-on fonder l'efficacité pédagogique d'un dispositif multimédia ?

Cette contribution s'interesse aux differents points d'entree a partir desquels il est possible d'etablir l'efficacite pedagogique d'un dispositif multimedia. Une premiere entree possible consiste a s'interesser aux effets des medias par reference aux systemes symboliques qu'ils permettent de mettre en oeuvre. Une autre entree repose sur le principe selon lequel ce qui est attendu d'un systeme multimedia depend du modele pedagogique auquel on se refere. La troisieme possibilite evoquee est liee a la necessite de prendre en compte le contexte dans lequel le dispositif est appele a prendre place. L'auteur termine en soulignant la necessite de s'appuyer sur des approches plurielles en matiere d'evaluation.
An Active Rule approach for Network Intrusion Detection with NeuroC4.5 Algorithm

Information systems are one of the most rapidly changing and vulnerable systems, where security is a major issue. The number of security-breaking attempts originated inside the organizations is increasing steadily. Attacks made in this way, usually done by "authorized" users of the system cannot be immediately traced. As the idea of filtering the traffic at the entrance door, by using firewalls and the like, is not completely successful, the use of intrusion detection systems should be considered to increase the defense capacity of an information system. This paper presents a NeuroC4.5 based approach to network intrusion detection to detect anomalies in the computer networks. Decision tree is with good comprehensibility while neural network is with strong generalization ability. So, these merits are integrated into a novel decision tree algorithm NeuroC4.5. The NeuroC4.5 is employed to derive a set of classification rules from network audit data. The generated rules are then used to detect network intrusions in a real-time environment. Unlike most existing decision tree based approaches, the spawned rules are more effective because the generalization ability of NeuroC4.5 decision trees is better than that of C4.5 decision trees. A comparative evaluation of the proposed NeuroC4.5 model with the classical C4.5 algorithm, on audit data set provided by MIT Lincoln labs, has been presented; superior detection accuracy has been reported by our proposed model
Reconstitution of the strand invasion step of double-strand break repair using human Rad51 Rad52 and RPA proteins.

The human Rad51 recombinase is essential for the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA that occur in somatic cells after exposure to ionising irradiation, or in germ line cells undergoing meiotic recombination. The initiation of double-strand break repair is thought to involve resection of the double-strand break to produce 3'-ended single-stranded (ss) tails that invade homologous duplex DNA. Here, we have used purified proteins to set up a defined in vitro system for the initial strand invasion step of double-strand break repair. We show that (i) hRad51 binds to the ssDNA of tailed duplex DNA molecules, and (ii) hRad51 catalyses the invasion of tailed duplex DNA into homologous covalently closed DNA. Invasion is stimulated by the single-strand DNA binding protein RPA, and by the hRad52 protein. Strikingly, hRad51 forms terminal nucleoprotein filaments on either 3' or 5'-ssDNA tails and promotes strand invasion without regard for the polarity of the tail. Taken together, these results show that hRad51 is recruited to regions of ssDNA occurring at resected double-strand breaks, and that hRad51 shows no intrinsic polarity preference at the strand invasion step that initiates double-strand break repair.
Fidelity of DNA synthesis in a mammalian in vitro replication system

We have used the simian virus 40 (SV40)-based shuttle vector pZ189 in a forward-mutation assay to determine the fidelity of DNA replication in the in vitro DNA replication system developed by J.J. Li and T.J. Kelly (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6973-6977, 1984). We find that very few base substitution errors (approximately 1/180,000 bases incorporated) are made during in vitro replication of the pZ189 vector in a system derived from CV-1 monkey cells. This replication is completely dependent on added SV40 T antigen and presumably reflects synthesis that is initiated at the SV40 replication origin. The observed level of fidelity is far greater than that reported for in vitro replication of DNA by conventionally purified eucaryotic DNA polymerases alpha and beta. Thus, there must be additional cellular factors in the crude in vitro system that serve to enhance the fidelity of DNA replication.
Surface Immunolabeling and Consensus Computational Framework To Identify Candidate Rare Outer Membrane Proteins of Treponema pallidum

ABSTRACT Treponema pallidum reacts poorly with the antibodies present in rabbit and human syphilitic sera, a property attributed to the paucity of proteins in its outer membrane. To better understand the basis for the syphilis spirochete's “stealth pathogenicity,” we used a dual-label, 3-step amplified assay in which treponemes encapsulated in gel microdroplets were probed with syphilitic sera in parallel with anti-FlaA antibodies. A small (approximately 5 to 10%) but reproducible fraction of intact treponemes bound IgG and/or IgM antibodies. Three lines of evidence supported the notion that the surface antigens were likely β-barrel-forming outer membrane proteins (OMPs): (i) surface labeling with anti-lipoidal (VDRL) antibodies was not observed, (ii) immunoblot analysis confirmed prior results showing that T. pallidum glycolipids are not immunoreactive, and (iii) labeling of intact organisms was not appreciably affected by proteinase K (PK) treatment. With this method, we also demonstrate that TprK (TP0897), an extensively studied candidate OMP, and TP0136, a lipoprotein recently reported to be surface exposed, are both periplasmic. Consistent with the immunolabeling studies, TprK was also found to lack amphiphilicity, a characteristic property of β-barrel-forming proteins. Using a consensus computational framework that combined subcellular localization and β-barrel structural prediction tools, we generated ranked groups of candidate rare OMPs, the predicted T. pallidum outer membrane proteome (OMPeome), which we postulate includes the surface-exposed molecules detected by our enhanced gel microdroplet assay. In addition to underscoring the syphilis spirochete's remarkably poor surface antigenicity, our findings help to explain the complex and shifting balance between pathogen and host defenses that characterizes syphilitic infection.
Global adaptation after Paris

Climate mitigation and adaptation cannot be uncoupled Besides achieving major decisions on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation, the 2015 Paris climate change Agreement (1) also initiated a process to “establish a global goal on adaptation” (Article 7.1), a crucial step that encourages parties to the agreement to go beyond the restrictive and historic funding-focused lens that structured United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) talks on adaptation until now (2–4). Suggesting that global adaptation is as important as global mitigation is an important shift in international climate negotiations that highlights the importance of not uncoupling 21st-century mitigation and adaptation storylines. After all, one cannot define the “well below +2°C” long-term temperature goal as sustainable without providing evidence on societies' ability to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of such warming (5). Although this represents great progress, we discuss three key challenges around the development of a global adaptation framework within the UNFCCC: defining a global goal, identifying tracking criteria, and anticipating political barriers. A major underlying condition is that the framework must make sense from both a negotiation and a scientific perspective.
The role of clinical suspicion in evaluating a new diagnostic test for active tuberculosis: results of a multicenter prospective trial.

CONTEXT In laboratory trials, nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) are more accurate than acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy and are faster than culture. The impact of these tests on clinical diagnosis is not known. OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of a nucleic acid amplification test, the enhanced Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct (E-MTD) test, against a uniform clinical standard stratified by level of clinical suspicion. DESIGN Prospective multicenter trial conducted between February and December 1996, documenting the clinical suspicion of TB at enrollment and using final comprehensive diagnosis as the criterion standard. SETTING Six urban medical centers and 1 public health TB clinic. PATIENTS A total of 338 patients with symptoms and signs consistent with active pulmonary TB and complete clinical diagnosis were stratified by the clinical investigators to be at low (< or =25%), intermediate (26%-75%), or high (>75%) relative risk of having TB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the E-MTD test in clinical suspicion of groups with low (n = 224); intermediate (n = 68); and high (n = 46) clinical suspicion of TB. RESULTS Based on comprehensive clinical diagnosis, sensitivity of the E-MTD test was 83%, 75%, and 87% for low, intermediate, and high clinical suspicion of TB, respectively, and corresponding specificity was 97%, 100%, and 100% (P = .25). Positive predictive value of the E-MTD test was 59% (low), 100% (intermediate), and 100% (high) compared with 36% (low), 30% (intermediate), and 94% (high) for AFB smear. Corresponding negative predictive values were 99%, 91%, and 55% [corrected] (E-MTD test) vs 96%, 71%, and 37% (AFB smear). CONCLUSIONS For complex diagnostic problems like TB, clinical risk assessments can provide important information regarding predictive values more likely to be experienced in clinical practice. For this series, a clinical suspicion of TB was helpful in targeting areas of the clinical spectrum in which nucleic acid amplification tests can make an important contribution.
Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

Organic carbonyl electrode materials that have the advantages of high capacity, low cost and being environmentally friendly, are regarded as powerful candidates for next‐generation stationary and redox flow rechargeable batteries (RFBs). However, low carbonyl utilization, poor electronic conductivity and undesired dissolution in electrolyte are urgent issues to be solved. Here, we summarize a molecular engineering approach for tuning the capacity, working potential, concentration of active species, kinetics, and stability of stationary and redox flow batteries, which well resolves the problems of organic carbonyl electrode materials. As an example, in stationary batteries, 9,10‐anthraquinone (AQ) with two carbonyls delivers a capacity of 257 mAh g−1 (2.27 V vs Li+/Li), while increasing the number of carbonyls to four with the formation of 5,7,12,14‐pentacenetetrone results in a higher capacity of 317 mAh g−1 (2.60 V vs Li+/Li). In RFBs, AQ, which is less soluble in aqueous electrolyte, reaches 1 M by grafting –SO3H with the formation of 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulphonic acid, resulting in a power density exceeding 0.6 W cm−2 with long cycling life. Therefore, through regulating substituent groups, conjugated structures, Coulomb interactions, and the molecular weight, the electrochemical performance of carbonyl electrode materials can be rationally optimized. This review offers fundamental principles and insight into designing advanced carbonyl materials for the electrodes of next‐generation rechargeable batteries.
Adult-type Rhabdomyosarcoma: Analysis of 57 Cases With Clinicopathologic Description, Identification of 3 Morphologic Patterns and Prognosis

Adult-type rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has been classically defined as a pleomorphic sarcoma with desmin expression occurring in adult patients. To reevaluate this entity, we analyzed a series of 57 cases using immunohistochemistry for desmin, myogenin, alpha smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, pankeratin AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S100 protein, CD34, MDM2, and CDK4. In this series, there were 36 men and 21 women aged from 22 to 87 years (median: 59). Tumors were mainly located in the lower limbs (27 cases), trunk wall (15 cases), and upper limbs (10 cases). Most tumors were deeply located (51/54) with a size from 1 to 30 cm (median: 8 cm). Cases were classified in 3 histologic categories: spindle cell RMS (25 cases), pleomorphic RMS (16 cases), and mixed type (16 cases). Forty-one tumors were grade 3 and 16 grade 2. Immunohistochemistry showed that every case was positive for desmin and myogenin. Alpha smooth muscle actin was positive in 21%, pankeratin AE1/AE3 in 20%, and CD34 in 13.2%. Treatment modalities and follow-up were available in 46 cases. Median follow-up was 60.9 months. Eight patients developed a local recurrence and 16 a distant metastasis with a 5-year overall survival rate of 52.6% and a 5-year metastasis-free survival of 62.9%. The only predictive factor for metastasis was histologic grade. In conclusion, adult-type RMS is a rare sarcoma occurring mainly in the extremities and trunk wall with 2 main histologic patterns, spindle cell, and pleomorphic patterns, which represent the end of the spectrum of a single entity.
A new principal curve algorithm and standard deviation clouds for non-parametric ordered data analysis

Principal curves are a study of the underlying structure of a data cloud. We modify Kegl's [2] polygonal line algorithm by assuming that data points are vertices on different continuous curves which implies data ordering. We also develop a representation of curve deviation from the polygonal path by creating a deviation cloud based on computing a measure of the variance of the curves from the polygonal path. For the purposes of this paper, we consider the input curves to be vertex representations of independent polygonal paths. Comparisons of the presented algorithm on various data sets with that of Verbeek et al. [3] are given to illustrate differences when using ordered data represented as multiple continuous curves. We further consider applications of this algorithm to the evaluation of multiobjective optimization algorithm convergence for biobjective optimization. We present preliminary results for NSGA-II on ZDT1, ZDT2, and ZDT3 in order to show how this methodology could be used.
Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend at least 24 hours of electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring after an ischemic stroke to rule out atrial fibrillation. However, the most effective duration and type of monitoring have not been established, and the cause of ischemic stroke remains uncertain despite a complete diagnostic evaluation in 20 to 40% of cases (cryptogenic stroke). Detection of atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke has therapeutic implications. METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled study of 441 patients to assess whether long-term monitoring with an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is more effective than conventional follow-up (control) for detecting atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Patients 40 years of age or older with no evidence of atrial fibrillation during at least 24 hours of ECG monitoring underwent randomization within 90 days after the index event. The primary end point was the time to first detection of atrial fibrillation (lasting >30 seconds) within 6 months. Among the secondary end points was the time to first detection of atrial fibrillation within 12 months. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS By 6 months, atrial fibrillation had been detected in 8.9% of patients in the ICM group (19 patients) versus 1.4% of patients in the control group (3 patients) (hazard ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 21.7; P<0.001). By 12 months, atrial fibrillation had been detected in 12.4% of patients in the ICM group (29 patients) versus 2.0% of patients in the control group (4 patients) (hazard ratio, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.6 to 20.8; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS ECG monitoring with an ICM was superior to conventional follow-up for detecting atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke. (Funded by Medtronic; CRYSTAL AF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00924638.).
Staphylococcus aureus resistente à vancomicina: um problema emergente

Os Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a oxacilina (MRSA) se tornaram um importante problema clinico e epidemiologico nas ultimas decadas. Como resultado, observamos um aumento no uso de glicopeptideos e finalmente a emergencia de cepas com resistencia intermediaria (VISA) ou resistentes (VRSA) a vancomicina. Neste artigo, abordamos a evolucao da resistencia aos antimicrobianos no S. aureus, assim como os principais aspectos relacionados aos VISA e VRSA, incluindo historico e mecanismos de resistencia. Descritores: Staphylococcus aureus, Resistencia a vancomicina, Resistencia microbiana a drogas
Antidepressants may not assist recovery in practice: a naturalistic prospective survey

A total of 130 people attending psychiatric hospitals within 6 months of onset or relapse of an episode of depressive disorder were interviewed about their symptoms and treatment at the time of their initial contact. After a mean 4‐month interval, 119 were reassessed to test the hypothesis that patients treated with antidepressants would be significantly more likely to be clinically improved compared with those untreated. Severity and duration of the episode emerged as the only significant clinical predictors of clinical improvement. Patients on treatment with antidepressants at the start of the study showed a nonsignificant trend for a lesser degree of clinical improvement, even when clinical severity and compliance were taken into account. Those who were not commenced on treatment until later in the study also fared no better than those who were never prescribed antidepressants. The effect of low doses of antidepressants (almost always a tricyclic) appeared to be less beneficial than either higher doses or clinical management without antidepressant drugs. The need for further experimental and naturalistic studies conducted over various periods of time and the implications for clinical practice, medical audit and the appropriate use of health outcome indicators are discussed.
Calibrage de caméra plénoptique à partir des images brutes

Dans cet article nous presentons une nouvelle methode de calibrage de camera plenoptique a partir d'une mire damier, utilisant directement les images brutes du capteur. A la difference des methodes existantes qui utilisent une etape preliminaire de reconstruction d'image necessitant une interpolation, nous proposons de detecter les coins de la mire directement dans les micro-images avec une precision subpixellique. La calibration est ainsi formalise comme la minimisation d'une erreur de reprojection exprimee dans l'espace du capteur. La methode proposee est validee a la fois en simulation et sur images reelles.
Comparison of cascaded multilevel converter topologies for AC/AC conversion

This paper presents a simplified qualitative comparison of previously presented cascaded multilevel converter topologies for ac-ac conversion with particular emphasis on motor drive applications. Performance criteria such as the pulsation of the stored energy in the cell capacitors and the total required semiconductor rating are derived by analytical methods. The main conclusion is that the back-to-back connected modular multilevel converter operates best at synchronous speed, whereas the modular matrix converter and Hexverter are better suited for low-frequency output. However, by injecting circulating currents in the phase arms the operating region can be extended for all of the studied topologies.
Evaluation of modifications to a physicochemical method for determination of readily biodegradable COD

In the Mamais-Jenkins-Pitt method for determination of readily biodegradable COD (S S ), 2 alternatives were proposed for the intermediate determination of soluble inert COD (SI). When a full-scale treatment plant exists, influent S I = effluent truly soluble COD. When there is no full-scale plant, then the truly soluble COD of the effluent of a 24 h fill-and-draw batch reactor treating the wastewater is taken as influent S I. In this study, both S I methods were statistically compared on 24 wastewater samples from 2 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). While average S I obtained for the 2 methods was the same, individual samples usually had very different SI values. In fact, virtually no correlation was found between the 2 methods. Also, the SS values obtained using both S I alternatives were statistically compared. A good correlation was observed, in spite of the poor S I correlation – low, dispersed SI values did not seriously affect the correlation between both SS determinations. A method was proposed for determination of the limit of detection and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for both S S methods. The LOQ resulted in 28.6 mg/l and 32.6 mg/l, respectively, for the full-scale and the laboratory-scale alternatives. Some assumptions of the original laboratory-scale (LS) method could potentially be sources of error in SI determination. Two modifications to the laboratory-scale method were implemented in order to avoid these potential problems: Washing biomass with tap water, and correcting SI in the fill-and-draw reactor by the S I of the original biomass suspension. These method modifications were tested on wastewater samples from the mentioned WWTPs. The fundamentals and results of both modifications are discussed in this paper, as well as the imprecision associated with estimating influent S I from effluent CODsol in all studied methods, and its impact on S S determination.