Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Large Vaginal Bulge Might Not Be a Genital Prolapse

Vaginal tumors, whether benign or malignant, are rare. They include fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs), which are benign lesions originating in mesenchymal cells, comprised of a core of connective tissue covered by squamous epithelium. They are usually small and asymptomatic. When symptomatic or very large, they may cause bleeding, genital discomfort or the presence of a bulge in the vagina. In the last case, they may be mistaken for a genital prolapse. Although their physiopathology is still not clearly understood, the presence of hormonal receptors and the occurrence of FEPs during the use of hormone therapy or pregnancy suggest that changes in the stroma of these lesions may be induced by hormones. We report on the case of a patient who presented with a vaginal bulge and was referred to the urogynecology outpatient ward with a diagnosis of genital prolapse, which had actually a large fibroepithelial polyp on the posterior vaginal wall.
Early Versus Late Tracheostomy After Decompressive Craniectomy

Objective The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of early tracheostomy (i.e., ≤ 10 days of intubation) compared with a late tracheostomy (> 10 days of intubation) with regards to timing, frequency of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), mortality rate, and hospital stay in patients who received decompressive craniectomy. Study design We conducted a retrospective study of data from 168 patients who underwent decompression in the department of critical care medicine at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2017 to December 2017. Materials and methods The study included men and women over the age of 18 years who had undergone tracheostomy following decompressive craniectomy in the intensive care unit as a result of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or acute severe injury. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US). We also applied the Chi-square test, and p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results Of 168 patient records reviewed, tracheostomy was performed in 48 patients (21 men, 27 women). In the 48 tracheostomy patients, 15 (31%) were early tracheostomies and 33 (69%) were late tracheostomies. The mean age of patients was 44 ± 11 years. Twenty-eight patients (58.3%) were in the younger age group (age 18 to 45 years) and 20 patients (41.7%) were in the older age group (age > 45 years). Patients who received an early tracheostomy spent significantly less time on a ventilator (≤ 12 days) than those patients receiving a late tracheostomy (> 12 days, p = 0.004). The early tracheostomy group also had a lower incidence rate of VAP than patients with a late tracheostomy (𝑥2 = 7.855, p = 0.005). Patients who received an early tracheostomy had lower mortality rates than those who received late tracheostomies (𝑥2 = 6.158, p = 0.013). Finally, the length of hospital stay was ≤ 15 days for patients who received early tracheostomies; most patients who received a late tracheostomy had a hospital stay of > 15 days (𝑥2 =11.965, p = 0.001). Conclusions Performing a tracheostomy within 10 days of intubation following decompressive craniectomy significantly reduced ventilator time, mortality, the incidence of VAP, and length of hospital stay. Given the potential benefits of early tracheostomy in critical care patients following decompressive craniectomy, physicians should consider early tracheostomy in appropriate cases.
Application of Spectral Estimation Method on Validation of Simulation Model of an Aircraft

Accuracy and fidelity of simulation are decided by whether simulation model is correct or not. Validation of simulation model is an effective means guaranteeing that simulation model is correct. Modern spectral estimation method overcomes the disadvantage of classical spectral estimation method by adopting reasonable hypothesis about behavior of data out of window. Modern spectral estimation method has the advantage of classical spectral estimation method. The basic principle of maximum entropy spectral estimation method and its application on validation of simulation model of an aircraft is emphatically introduced. An example is given to explain how to use the method.
New Preconditioners for Nonsymmetric Saddle Point Systems with Singular Block

We investigate the solution of large linear systems of saddle point type with singular block by preconditioned iterative methods and consider two parameterized block triangular preconditioners used with Krylov subspace methods which have the attractive property of improved eigenvalue clustering with increased ill-conditioning of the block of the saddle point matrix, including the choice of the parameter. Meanwhile, we analyze the spectral characteristics of two preconditioners and give the optimal parameter in practice. Numerical experiments that validate the analysis are presented.
User Identity Protection in Wireless Local Area Networks

Wireless networks are susceptible to security attacks due to their open transmission media. Therefore, wireless network security is somewhat more complex than that of wired network security. In wireless network security, authentication is the most essential procedure to ensure that the service is properly used by the intended users. Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) is widely being used in wireless networks. However, PEAP is shown to be a weak protocol in terms of protection of user identity. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a new and efficient wireless authentication protocol providing user identity secrecy. This method takes advantage of PEAP’s management easiness and the robustness of dynamic key distribution to provide user identity protection. Key words: wireless security; authentication; encryption; dynamic key.
CHASE: Charging and Scheduling Scheme for Stochastic Event Capture in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

In this paper, we consider the scenario in which a mobile charger (MC) periodically travels within a sensor network to recharge the sensors wirelessly. We design joint charging and scheduling schemes to maximize the Quality of Monitoring (QoM) for stochastic events, which arrive and depart according to known probability distributions of time. Information is considered captured if it is sensed by at least one sensor. We focus on two closely related research issues, i.e., how to choose the sensors for charging and decide the charging time for each of them, and how to schedule the sensors’ activation schedules according to their received energy. We formulate our problem as the maximum QoM <underline>CHA</underline>rging and <underline>S</underline>ch<underline>E</underline>duling problem (CHASE). We first ignore the MC's travel time and study the resulting relaxed version of the problem, which we call CHASE-R. We show that both CHASE and CHASE-R are NP-hard. For CHASE-R, we prove that it can be formulated as a submodular function maximization problem, which allows two algorithms to achieve <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/6$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq1-2887381.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/(4 + \epsilon)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq2-2887381.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-approximation ratios. Then, for CHASE, we propose approximation algorithms to solve it by extending the CHASE-R results. We conduct simulations to validate our algorithm design.
Olaparib induced senescence under P16 or P53 dependent manner in ovarian cancer

Objective Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an important molecule in the early stress response of DNA damage, which is involved in DNA damage repair and cellular senescence. Olaparib, as PARP inhibitor, has an anti-tumor effect on high grade serous ovarian cancer, but its effects on cellular senescence have not been reported. This study intends to explore the role of olaparib in the regulation of senescence in ovarian cancer cells. Methods The effects of olaparib on the senescence of ovarian cancer cells were detected by using the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and senescence-associated heterochromatin aggregation (SAHF). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of olaparib on tumor growth was analyzed in a nude mouse xenograft transplantation model. Results Long-term (6 days) treatment with olaparib (5 μM) significantly inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cells, leading to arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, significant increase the number of positive SA-β-Gal stained cells and positive SAHF cells. The expression of P16 and retinoblastoma protein (p-RB) were significantly enhanced in SKOV3 cells under olaparib treated, meanwhile, the expression of P53 and p-RB were upregulated in A2780 cells. In OVCAR-3 cells, the expression of P53 was downregulated and p-RB was upregulated. Mice with SKOV3 xenograft transplantation was given olaparib (10 mg/kg/day) via abdominal cavity administration, the tumor volume was reduced (p<0.01). Conclusion Continuous low dosage administration of olaparib induced senescence under P16 or P53 dependent manner in ovarian cancer.
DISEÑO Y MANIPULACIÓN DE MODELOS OCULTOS DE MARKOV, UTILIZANDO HERRAMIENTAS HTK. UNA TUTORÍA DESIGN AND MANIPULATION OF HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS USING HTK TOOLS. A TUTORIAL

This paper presents HTK, a software development platform for the design and management of Hidden Markov Models. Nowadays, the Hidden Markov Models technique is the more effective one to implement voice recognition systems. HTK is mainly oriented to this application. Its architecture is robust and self-sufficient. It allows a natural input from a microphone, it has modules for A/D conversion, it allows pre-processing and parameterization of information, it possesses tools to define and manage the Hidden Markov Models, libraries for training and use the already defined Hidden Markov Models. It has functions to define the grammar and it has additional tools to reach the final objective: to obtain an hypothetical transcription of the talking (voice to text translation).
The Drug Approval Process in the U.S.,. Europe, and Japan

OBJECTIVE: To describe the formal drug approval processes in the three major pharmaceutical markets in the world, and to examine their major differences. The article discusses some marketing and economic implications of efforts to provide greater uniformity on an international basis. DATA SOURCES: Literature and Internet references, interviews with government officials. DATA SYNTHESIS: Not applicable. CONCLUSION: Efforts to bring uniformity to the regulation of the international drug industry are bringing pressure on the U.S. FDA to change, and should be supported by the world medical community.
A fast on-line boosting tracking algorithm based on cascade filter of multi-features

Exhaustive search in local area around the object is used for tracking in the conventional Haar-like feature based on-line boosting tracking methods (HBT). Tracking is frequently failed and can hardly find the object again when the object moves fast or occluded completely. In addition, on-line tracking will gener- ate cumulative errors during updating when the state of the object and the envi- ronment changes. In this paper, we propose a fast on-line boosting tracking algo- rithm based on cascade filters of multi-features. Algorithm generates detection windows with various positions and sizes during initialization. Cascade detection screenings possible object windows by using multi-features: the manner of object motion, variance of detection windows, Object Similarity Statistic (OSS) model, color distribution and overlap ratio in turn. The left candidate object windows are passed to the strong classifier of on-line boosting and the object is located finally. In order to exert the advantage of boosting, naive Bayes classifier is used to re- place the original simple threshold classifier in HBT. Experiment results on vari- ous videos show that the robustness, accuracy and real-time ability are improved.
Fundamental Limits and Constructive Methods for Estimation and Sensing of Sparse Signals

The ever-growing size of everyday data in the digital age has urged researchers to devise new techniques for measurement, storage and restoration. A promising mathematical theory for this purpose is Compressed Sensing (CS), which goes beyond the traditional sampling limits by simultaneously measuring and compressing data which is known to have an underlying sparse structure. In this thesis, we analyze fundamental information-theoretic limits of CS, develop algorithms for adaptive estimation and sensing of sparse signals and systems, and study the group randomness properties of certain combinatorial structures which compose the measurement mechanisms of some emerging CS frameworks. We first study information-theoretic limits on the estimation error of CS reconstruction algorithms, as well as universal sufficiency conditions on the number of measurements required to reliably reconstruct a sparse signal from noisy measurements. Next, we develop several adaptive algorithms for estimation of sparse signals and systems such as wireless communication channels. We show, both analytically and through simulations, that these algorithms outperform the widely-used traditional
Original / Síndrome metabólico Datos normativos del cuestionario SF-6D en pacientes diabéticos chilenos

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a great prevalence and economic impact worldwide. Diabetes has an impact on health-related quality of life. The SF-6D is a well-known preference-based questionnaire that allows assessing health-related quality of life. It is one of the most used worldwide because it allows knowing the social preferences derived from different states of health. However, to our knowledge, normative values of this questionnaire in Chilean diabetic population are not available. Objective: to report normative data of the SF-6D in Chilean diabetic population. Methods: data were taken from the National Health Survey (ENS 2009-2010) of Chile. In this study, 424 people who have diabetes (143 men and 281 women) were included. The data have been presented stratified by sex and age group, and by region, marital status, smoking, income and education. Results: the global utility index was 0.70 (± 0.15) in men and 0.65 (± 0.15) in women. Only 5% of population declared having a utility “1”. The utility index of the SF-6D in patients with diabetes decreases with age, in situations of low-income, low education levels. Conclusions: this study reports the normative values of the SF-6D utility index in Chilean diabetic population.
An Energy Efficient Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

In WSNs, sensor nodes which are capable of sensing, computing and communication are randomly deployed in inaccessible terrains or disaster relief operations. Since their power sources are either battery or non-rechargeable, they have to rely on the limited supply of energy. In order to operate for a given mission time as long as possible, a more effective use of energy is the major challenge. In this paper, we proposed an energy efficient clustering (EEC) to prolong the network lifetime in WSNs. We considered the distribution of sensor nodes and then divided the network field into several regions using a hierarchical strip in order to elect cluster headers. The simulation results illustrate that our proposal achieves a longer network lifetime via an effective energy consumption.
Elevada frecuencia de neuropatía periférica en pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de un hospital general de Lima-Perú

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de neuropatia periferica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la correlacion entre la evaluacion clinica con el estudio de la velocidad de conduccion nerviosa (VCN). Material y metodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se evaluaron 62 pacientes con diagnostico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se utilizo el Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), el Michigan Diabetic Neuropatic Score (MDNS) y el estudio de VCN. Ademas se describieron las variables demograficas, antropometricas y de laboratorio. Resultados: La frecuencia de neuropatia periferica fue 96,8% segun la VCN y 45% segun el MNSI. La correlacion entre el numero de nervios afectados segun VCN y el score MDNS fue moderada (Spearman r=0,59; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Existe una elevada frecuencia de neuropatia periferica en los pacientes diabeticos evaluados y no hubo buena correlacion entre VCN y el score MDNS.
Otitis externa hos hund – förebyggande åtgärder och råd till djurägare

Otitis externa is a disease regularly encountered in veterinary practice. It is estimated to be the most common disease in the external ear canal of dogs and treatment is often delayed due to unfortunate pet owner ignorance. Owners tend to assume that scratching of the ears and head shaking are natural behaviours in their dog and may be neglecting the problem unknowing of how severe it actually is. A literature study has been carried out to examine the causes of otitis externa in order to present a collection of measures that can be used in the treatment and prevention of the disease. In turn these measures can be advised to the dog owner and used in the home environment to make the best qualifications for healthy ears in the dog. The causes of otitis externa have been divided into predisposing, primary, secondary and perperuating causes. These include for example anatomical predisposing factors, such as long pendulous ears, primary causes of allergic dermatitis, bacteria and fungi, and otitis media. Treatment of otitis externa in dogs requires a thorough investigation of the different causes and factors affecting the disease, in order for the veterinary staff to prescribe an individually adjusted treatment plan that is successful. As a part of the result in the study, treatment is described as usually consisting of a topical treatment applied in the external ear canal of the dog. It is crucial that the owner is educated in the correct applying technique in order for the treatment to be effective. The preventative measures presented in the literature study include ear cleansing, which also requires a special technique and has an important role in the treatment of otitis externa, and removal of excessive hairs from the external ear canal. These precautions can be carried out at home by the pet owner, and thereby decrease the risk of the dog developing otitis externa.
Self Driving Car: Artificial Intelligence Approach

- Artificial Intelligence also known as (AI) is the capability of a machine to function as if the machine has the capability to think like a human. In automotive industry, AI plays an important role in developing vehicle technology. Vehicular automation involves the use of mechatronics and in particular, AI to assist in the control of the vehicle, thereby relieving responsibilities from the driver or making a responsibility more manageable. Autonomous vehicles sense the world with such techniques as laser, radar, lidar, Global Positioning System (GPS) and computer vision. In this paper, there are several methodologies of AI techniques such as: fuzzy logic, neural network and swam intelligence which often used by autonomous car. On the other hand, self driving cars are not in widespread use, but their introduction could produce several direct advantages: fewer crashes, reduce oil consumption and air pollution, elimination of redundant passengers, etc. So that, in future where everyone can use a car and change the way we use our highways. Key Words - artificial intelligence, self driving, vehicular automation, fuzzy logic, neural network, swam intelligence.
Design and analysis of a nondeterministic parallel breadth-first search algorithm

I have developed a multithreaded implementation of breadth-first search (BFS) of a sparse graph using the Cilk++ extensions to C++. My PBFS program on a single processor runs as quickly as a standard C++ breadth-first search implementation. PBFS achieves high workefficiency by using a novel implementation of a multiset data structure, called a “bag,” in place of the FIFO queue usually employed in serial breadth-first search algorithms. For a variety of benchmark input graphs whose diameters are significantly smaller than the number of vertices — a condition met by many real-world graphs — PBFS demonstrates good speedup with the number of processing cores. Since PBFS employs a nonconstant-time “reducer” — a “hyperobject” feature of Cilk++ — the work inherent in a PBFS execution depends nondeterministically on how the underlying work-stealing scheduler load-balances the computation. I provide a general method for analyzing nondeterministic programs that use reducers. PBFS also is nondeterministic in that it contains benign races which affect its performance but not its correctness. Fixing these races with mutual-exclusion locks slows down PBFS empirically, but it makes the algorithm amenable to analysis. In particular, I show that for a graph G= (V,E) with diameter D and bounded out-degree, this data-race-free version of PBFS algorithm runs in time O((V +E)/P+D lg(V/D)) on P processors, which means that it attains near-perfect linear speedup if P≪ (V +E)/D lg(V/D). Some parts of this thesis represent joint work with Professor Charles E. Leiserson. Thesis Supervisor: Charles E. Leiserson Title: Professor
Book Reviews : □ Social Policy in Germany Jochen Clasen and Richard Freeman (eds) Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead, 1994, 233pp, £14.95 pbk

For a reader, including this reviewer, with a limited knowledge of this area of social policy and an even more limited ability to read texts in German, this book provides rare insights and an excellent overview of social policy in Germany. The book is divided into three sections: part one includes chapters on the historical development of social policy in Germany and the implications of the unification of East and West Germany; part two focuses on service provision and includes chapters on social security, health care, housing, education and training, personal social services; part three provides an analysis of social policy in Germany in relation to gender and race. All of the authors offer a useful list of recommended readings written in English and in German.