Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatores que influenciam na qualidade da carne bovina: Revisão

The objective of this literature review, describe the aspects related to the quality of beef. In general, a number of factors such as management in the creation, transport, pre-slaughter management in the refrigerator is directly related to the quality of meat. The pre-slaughter cattle management is widely studied and includes concrete results in the scientific literature that it significantly influences the quality of meat and the use of housing. Usually the losses are related to injuries, but no other loss mode which is caused by the stress experienced by cattle during handling, property or poorly planned abattoirs, which raises the pH of the meat and reduces its useful life. Good management throughout the breeding system is reflected in the quality of the meat. Aggregating quality, even through some identifiable characteristics, promotes the differentiation of the product. Thus, as the damage caused by inadequate management, differentiation gains through animal welfare practices can be shared by all the productive chain agents.
Population Genomics of White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in New York City

)(+" The recent post-glacial history of the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area is relatively well ! )(! " documented, but understanding how urbanization shapes genome-wide diversity and species ! )(#" distributions is still largely unexplored. Urbanization is often characterized by extreme ! )($" fragmentation of native habitats with roads and human infrastructure forming effective barriers ! )(%" to dispersal and isolated populations. I used coalescent based simulations to infer the ! )(&" demographic history of white-footed mice, Peromysucs leucopus, from the site frequency ! )('" spectrum (SFS). Using a double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) ! )((" approach, I generated thousands of RAD loci for white-footed mice collected along an urban-to! )()" rural gradient. I assigned individuals to evolutionary clusters using population structure analyses ! )(*" and subsequently used these results to inform demographic modeling. Recent divergence times, ! ))+" population sizes and their changes through time, and migration were inferred from our large ! ))! " genomic SNP dataset. Our modeling results indicate that post-glacial sea level rise led to ! ))#" isolation of mainland and geographic Long Island populations. These models also indicate that ! ))$" several urban parks in NYC represent distinct P. leucopus populations, and the estimated ! ))%" divergence times for these parks are consistent with patterns of urbanization in New York City. ))&" Taken together, our results suggest that urbanization is a driver of population divergence on par ! ))'"
Cell-based Assays to Monitor AID Activity

[Abstract] The enzyme Activation induced deaminase (AID) underpins antibody affinity maturation and isotype switching through its mutagenic activity of deaminating deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine in DNA. Subsequent processing of the deoxyuridine initiates the processes of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) in B cells. Structure-function analysis of AID requires sensitive and biologically relevant methods to measure its various activities. Here we describe simple but effective methods to measure 1) the ability of AID to mutate the Escherichia coli genome, which provides an indication of its catalytic activity; 2) the capacity of AID to perform SHM by complementing a derivative of the DT40 chicken B cell line; 3) the ability of AID to perform CSR by complementing AID-deficient primary mouse B cells. The combination of the three methods, accompanied by the necessary analysis of AID subcellular localization and protein expression levels and stability, as controls, allows detailed structure-function interrogation of AID.
Faut-il identifier les entérocoques, et comment ?

Malgre la place actuelle des enterocoques dans les infections nosocomiales, la signification clinique de l'isolement d'un enterocoque d'un produit pathologique reste a discuter au cas par cas. Quand l'enterocoque semble implique dans un processus infectieux, deux raisons principales justifient son identification jusqu'a l'espece. La premiere est l'existence de resistances naturelles particulieres a certaines especes, Enterococcus faecium pour certains aminosides, Enterococcus gallinarum et Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens pour la vancomycine, qui sont difficilement detectables par les techniques de routine d'antibiogramme. La deuxieme est la surveillance epidemiologique des enterocoques multiresistants aux antibiotiques, essentiellement E. faecium, qui suppose une identification correcte des souches. L'identification precise parait maintenant souhaitable, au moins dans les cas d'infection grave. L'identification au genre est aisee, ainsi que l'identification a l'espece pour Enterococcus faecalis et pour certains E. faecium; elle est plus delicate dans les autres cas, en particulier pour les especes qui sont moins souvent isolees chez l'homme.
Breast cancer predisposition gene brca1, pathogenic c61g mutation in mice: synthetic viability in DNA repair and tumour development

The N-terminus of BRCA1 is clinically important as inheritance of a mutation in this region correlates to an increased risk is breast and ovarian cancer. Whilst this is fairly clear, what specific mutations do and the aetiology of the disease is not clear. This thesis investigates N-terminal BRCA1 mutations using both \(in\) \(vitro\) and cell-based methods with a focus on DNA repair, mainly double-strand break and DNA crosslink repair. The use of chemotherapy agents is used with specific mutations to look at the individual phenotypes these create to each drug or radiation. This thesis also provides evidence on haploinsufficient or dominant negative effects of N-terminal mutations. Overall, the N-terminus of BRCA1 can affect DNA repair and increase genome instability that may lead to tumour development.
Universal Preenrichment Broth for the Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella and Listeria in Foods.

A medium and method for preenriching food products which allow the simultaneous recovery and detection of Salmonella and Listeria are described. To prevent the pH of the medium from rapidly dropping in the presence of extraneous microorganisms found in foods, this medium, universal preenrichment (UP) broth, is highly buffered and low in carbohydrates. The medium allows sublethally injured bacteria to resuscitate and multiply to sufficiently high numbers so that highly selective, secondary enrichment media can be employed to help select the specific bacteria in question from a mixed bacterial background culture. As few as 10 heat-injured Salmonella multiplied to at least 106/ml following a 24 h enrichment in UP, even in mixtures of high levels of known competitive microflora or from naturally occurring microflora found in chicken, hot dogs, or Brie cheese. As few as 10 heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes multiplied to at least 105/ml in these same experiments. From the UP broth, secondary selective preenrichment broths which favor the growth of Salmonella or Listeria can be inoculated, and subsequent protocols for the recovery of either Salmonella or Listeria can then be followed.
In vitro culture for mutant development.

The success of any in vitro mutagenesis programme depends on the establishment of reproducible in vitro plant regeneration procedures, optimization of mutagenic treatments, and efficient screening of the mutagenized populations for desired variations (Ahloowalia, 1998; van Harten et al., 1998; Jain, 2000, 2006, 2007). Cell and tissue culture techniques can improve effectiveness of mutation induction in several aspects. One of the major advantages of tissue culture is that a large number of regenerated plants can be handled at ease for mutagenic treatments (Jain, 2000; Predrieri, 2001). They offer a wide choice of plant material for mutagen treatment (in vitro axillary buds, organs, tissues, protoplasts, and cells) (Broertjes and van Harten, 1988; Constabel and Shyluk, 1994; Jain and Newton, 1989; Duncan, 1997) that is more suited to mutation induction techniques as compared to in vivo buds (Predrieri, 2001). The tissue structures from which plants originate are either multicellular or of single cell origin (Williams and Maheshwaran, 1986; Ochatt et al., 2005; Kulkarni et al., 2007). Normally chimeras are major problems in regenerated plants by mutagen treatment of multicellular structures such as shoot tips or axillary buds. By in vitro culture chimeras can easily be dissociated by several time subcultures of shoot cultures, say 4 generations M1V4 (Jain, 2000; Predrieri, 2001) This, as compared to in vivo buds, means less risk of obtaining chimera plants and a higher probability for mutated cells to express the mutation in the phenotype (Broertjes and van Harten, 1988). It also facilitates rapid completion of the propagation cycles of subculture aimed to separate mutated from non-mutated sectors (Ahloowalia, 1998). In vitro selection and cloning of selected mutants can also be effective when supported by adequate early evaluation tools (Ball, 1990; Duncan, 1997; Ochatt, 2006; Ochatt et al., 2005) as well large scale multiplication of mutant plants. Micropropagation is an ideal system for true-to-type multiplication of mutant plants by using shoot tips or axillary buds (Ahloowalia, 1998). Furthermore, tissue culture provides high phytosanitary conditions, which is an ideal system for obtaining healthy starting material and is maintained throughout the plant regeneration process (Ochatt et al., 1990; Cassels, 1998; Predrieri, 2001; Kulkarni et al., 2007). Therefore, in vitro mutagenesis should always be carried out on healthy explants. Otherwise endogenous contamination may compromise obtaining mutations, as well as selection and/or the survival of mutants.
Induction of disease resistance in mango fruit by postharvest heat treatment

Mango fruits cv. 'Namdokmai' at the mature-green stage were dipped in 55°C water (HWD) or ambient water (control) for 5 min with or without prior inoculation with the anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and stored at 25°C with 90-95% relative humidity. Anthracnose symptoms developed in both inoculated and un-inoculated fruits, with pathogen inoculation advancing disease development. HWD remarkably delayed the onset of disease infection, reduced the number of infected fruits, and lowered the severity of infection. At the end of storage, HWD-treated fruits had still lower disease severity than unheated fruits. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and p-1, 3 glucanase increased in both peel and pulp of HWD-treated fruit. Pathogen inoculation enhanced PAL and glucanase activity particularly at the initial stage of storage. The findings indicate that HWD reduced disease incidence partly by inducing defense mechanism in the fruit tissue.
Plant secondary metabolites: a key driver of litter decomposition and soil nutrient cycling

A broad and diversified group of compounds, secondary metabolites, are known to govern species interactions in ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that secondary metabolites can also play a major role in ecosystem processes, such as plant succession or in the process of litter decomposition, by governing the interplay between plant matter and soil organisms. We reviewed the ecological role of the three main classes of secondary metabolites and the methodological challenges and novel avenues for their study. We highlight emerging general patterns of the impacts of secondary metabolites on decomposer communities and litter decomposition and argue for the consideration of secondary compounds as key drivers of soil functioning and ecosystem functioning. Synthesis. Gaining a greater understanding of plant–soil organisms relationships and underlying mechanisms, including the role of secondary metabolites, could improve our ability to understand ecosystem processes. We outline some promising directions for future research that would stimulate studies aiming to understand the interactions of secondary metabolites across a range of spatio‐temporal scales. Detailed mechanistic knowledge could help us to develop models for the process of litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems and help us to predict future impacts of global changes on ecosystem functioning.
PÜSKÜRTMELİ KURUCUTU İLE MİKROENKAPSÜLE EDİLMİŞ NANE (MENTHA PIPERITA VE MENTHA SPICATA) ESANSİYEL YAĞININ SALINIM PROFİLİ

Bu calismada gam arabik-maltodekstrin (GA-MD) (%38-62) kombinasyonu ve %100 gam arabik (GA) nane ( Mentha piperita ve Mentha spicata ) esansiyel yaginin mikroenkapsulasyonu icin kaplama materyali olarak kullanilmistir. 4 farkli nane ( Mentha piperita ve Mentha spicata ) esansiyel yagi puskurtmeli kurutucu ile toz haline getirilmistir. Mikroenkapsule haldeki ornekler fanli etuvlerde 160, 180 ve 200 °C’de belirli araliklarla ornekleme yapilarak hizlandirilmis depolamaya alinmistir. Mikroenkapsule orneklerde kalan yag miktari Gaz kromotografisi-Alev iyonizasyon dedektoru (GC-FID) ile belirlenerek orneklerin reaksiyon kinetikleri incelenmistir. Nane ( Mentha piperita ve Mentha spicata ) esansiyel yag saliniminin 0. derece reaksiyon kinetigine uygun oldugu belirlenmistir. Ayrica mikroenkapsule edilmis orneklerin aktivasyon enerjileri, z ve Q10 degerleri birbirinden farkli bulunmus ve sicaklik arttikca orneklerin yarilanma suresi ve desimal azalma suresinin (D) azaldigi gorulmustur.
Etude de la minéralisation de l'os chez les téléostéens à l'aide de la microradiographie quantitative: résultats préliminaires

Mesure comparative chez 16 especes du degre de mineralisation du tissu osseux; en general le degre de mineralisation de l'os acellulaire est superieur a celui de l'os cellulaire, par ailleurs le degre de mineralisation de l'os primaire est nettement superieur a celui de l'os secondaire. Materiel: Ictalurus melas, Cyprinus carpio, Anguilla anguilla, Esox lucius, Perca fluviatilis, Thunnus alalunga, Sarda sarda, Euthynnus pelamis, Lethrinus nebulosus, Trachurus mediterraneus, Drepane africana, Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus, Nezumia aequalis, Anarichas lupus, Lophius americanus et Trachurus trachurus
Identification and mapping of QTL associated with Fusarium Root Rot resistance and root architecture traits in black beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF QTL ASSOCIATED WITH FUSARIUM ROOT ROT RESISTANCE AND ROOT ARCHITECTURE TRAITS IN BLACK BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) By Timothy Nakedde This study identified and mapped QTL associated with physiological resistance to Fusarium Root Rot (FRR) disease, along with root architecture traits in a black bean Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population. The parents of this population were the resistant landrace ‘Puebla 152’ and the cultivar ‘Zorro’ that had no previously known resistance to FRR. One QTL associated with FRR resistance and four QTL associated with root architecture traits were detected. Total root weight and shallow root weight were associated with the same QTL on Pv09. A QTL associated with root length was detected on Pv01, and was found to be independent of the fin determinacy locus. The QTL associated with FRR resistance, along with another associated with deep root weight and total plant biomass were detected 260 kbp apart on Pv05. None of the detected QTL accounted for more than 13% of phenotypic variation, indicative of the fact that FRR resistance and root traits are governed by several genes of minor influence. Puebla 152 was the source of all the beneficial alleles governing the QTL detected. Additionally, two field surveys were conducted in the common bean-growing areas of Uganda to update the available information on the extent and severity of bean diseases. Root rots, caused by Sclerotium and Fusarium species, along with insect damage by the bean beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) were found to be the most significant biotic constraints in the areas surveyed.
Experimental reduction of wolves in the Yukon: Ungulate responses and management implications

We conducted a large-scale. controlled experiment to study the responses of declining woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus). moose (Alces aloces), and Dall sheep (Ovis dalli) to a 5-year reduction in wolf (Canis lupus) numbers in the Aishihik area in the southwestern Yukon. We monitored 10 contemporary controls including 3 caribou herds and 3 moose, 1 Dall sheep, and 3 wolf populations We tested the hypothesis that wolf predation was the main factor limiting recruiment aduli survival, and population size for the 3 ungulates. Caribou productively, winter lorage quality, discase prevalent show depth, showmelt phenology, harvest, and migration were also assessed. For moose, we also examined harvest, show depth, and spring and summer growing scasons. Treated moose and caribon populations showed the greatest differences in changes in rates of increase during wolf treatment compared to controls, supporting the wolf predation hypothesis. We found evidence that wolf predation strongly limited terruitment of carbou and moose, and survival of adult moose, We found no evidence that adult survival of caribou improved when wolf numbers were reduced, nor did we find evidence that Dall sheep recruitment or adult numbers responded to lower wolf numbers. Wolf predation and human hunting were probably the main causes of caribou and moose declines before our study The combination of reduced hunting and lowered predation by wolves was the primary factor causing the incrase in the treated Aishihik caribou herd. Lowered predation by wolves, especially upon adult moose, was more important than harvest reduction to the moose increase in the Aisluhik area. We hypothesize that woodland caribou herds are linked to the population dynamics of low-density moose in the Yukon. We conclude that natural precation is the main force maintaining low abundance of moose, and that maximum harvest rates should be set conservatively at 2% for caribou and 5% for moose. We recommend that managers use habitat enhancement and public wolf trapping to sustain higher ungulate densities and avoid the need for reactive broad-scale wolf control. We found that wolf fertility control was effective in reducing the rate of increase of wolves and that it was more publicly acceptable than lethal control. We evaluate large-scale wolf-prey experiments as an adaptive management approach.
Population dynamics of four understorey shrub species during a 7-yr period in a primary beech forest

Shrubs persist in the understorey layer of forests throughout their lives, while tall trees remain there only during the juvenile stage and then grow into the canopy layer. Thus demographic parameters (recruitment-, mortality-, and growth- rates) of shrub species are expected to differ from those of tall tree species. We investigated aspects of the demography of four dominant deciduous-shrub species (Viburnum furcatum, Lindera umbellata var. imembranacea, Magnolia salicifolia, and Hydrangea paniculata) in Fagus crenata forests at the beginning and at the end of a 7-yr period in a 1-ha permanent plot. For each species, the number of stems changed little (within + 10%) during the study period, while total basal area increased markedly (1 1.7- 33.8%), because (1) new stems continuously recruited by vegetative growth replaced the sub- stantial number of dead stems, and (2) vegetative stems grew vigorously, probably due to nutrient support from parents. The results indicate that these four understorey shrub species have high ability to maintain their population size in the shaded forest understorey. While in each species more than half of the dead stems were standing dead, a substantial proportion of the dead stems (9.0- 38.5%) showed signs of mechanical damage, such as stem breakage and suppression by fallen branches or trees. Snow pressure that resulted in decumbent stems was also an important mortality agent for V. furcatum (20.7%) and L. umbellata var. membranacea (5.6%). Probability of dam- age was constant across all DBH-classes for all study species. In each species, newly recruited stems and dead stems were spatially aggregated, largely due to habits of vegetative growth and mechanical damage, respectively. This study revealed that several demographic traits, resulting from recruitment by veg- etative growth and death by mechanical damage, were shrub- species specific and markedly different from those of tall tree species.
Evaluation of Seed Transmissibility of Soybean Vein Necrosis-Associated Virus in Two Soybean Cultivars Grown Under Field Conditions

Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus (SVNaV), originally found in Tennessee in 2008, has recently been reported from other soybean-growing regions of the United States as well as Canada. To provide direct evidence for lack of seed transmissibility of SVNaV in soybean, cultivars CF386RR2y/stsn and AG4832 were planted in a field in Kentucky during the 2013 growing season. Typical SVNaV induced symptoms emerged in early August. Tissues were collected from 150 symptomatic and asymptomatic plants of both cultivars and assayed by ELISA. SVNaV was detected in 94% of symptomatic, but none of asymptomatic plants. Seeds were harvested independently from 10 selected infected plants of each cultivar that exhibited the highest ELISA readings. A total of 2085 seeds from both cultivars were planted under greenhouse conditions and subsequently 1955 asymptomatic seedlings were harvested 4-5 weeks post-emergence and assayed individually by ELISA. Sap from only one of the seedlings exhibited an absorbance reading higher than background. However, when all the seeds from the same mother plant were grown and tested, none was positive. This suggests higher than background absorbance value for this single seedling is an anomaly. To search for probable genetic variation among SVNaV isolates from infected mother plants, whose seeds were subjected to grow out test, nucleocapsid protein gene was RT-PCR amplified from 13 mother plants representing both cultivars and sequenced. The analysis of sequences revealed the presence of distinct variants. Lack of potential for SVNaV to be seed transmissible in soybean is discussed.
Impact of Nutritional Intervention on Urinary Composition of Stone Formers

Diet has a key role in determining urinary chemistry and can influence the risk of stone formation. The nutritional risk factors include an inadequate intake of fluids or excessive intake of foods rich in oxalates, sodium, calcium or animal protein. Diet influences urinary constituents and pH, which may affect stone nucleation and growth.