Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tratamentos não farmacológicos na estimulação da osteogênese

A carga mecânica provoca microdeformacoes osseas, que estimulam celulas osteoblasticas e, consequentemente, promovem adaptacoes nos ossos, muitas vezes relacionadas com uma menor reabsorcao ossea e um aumento na formacao ossea local. No entanto, o estimulo para formacao ossea depende do numero e frequencia das deformacoes aplicadas no osso. Concomitantemente aos estimulos osseos providos pelas cargas mecânicas, e importante uma dieta rica em calcio, a qual tambem beneficia o aumento da massa ossea. Entretanto, existem tambem outros metodos nao farmacologicos, como o ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade, a estimulacao eletrica e o laser, que ja mostraram efeitos positivos na promocao da osteogenese. Assim, realizou-se um levantamento na literatura, no periodo de 1982 a 2001, sobre esses metodos nao farmacologicos com o objetivo de avaliar tais metodos alternativos, que ajudam no aumento da massa ossea ou no estimulo a osteogenese.
Directional control-response relationships for mining equipment

A variety of directional control-response relationships are currently found in mining equipment. Two experiments were conducted in a virtual environment to determine optimal direction control-response relationships in a wide variety of circumstances. Direction errors were measured as a function of control orientation (horizontal or vertical), location (left, front, right) and directional control-response relationships. The results confirm that the principles of consistent direction and visual field compatibility are applicable to the majority of situations. An exception is that fewer direction errors were observed when an upward movement of a horizontal lever or movement of a vertical lever away from the participants caused extension (lengthening) of the controlled device, regardless of whether the direction of movement of the control is consistent with the direction in which the extension occurs. Further, both the control of slew by horizontally oriented controls and the control of device movements in a frontal plane by the perpendicular movements of vertical levers were associated with relatively high rates of directional errors, regardless of the directional control-response relationship, and these situations should be avoided. Statement of Relevance:The results are particularly applicable to the design of mining equipment such as drilling and bolting machines, and have been incorporated into MDG35.1 Guideline for bolting & drilling plant in mines (Industry & Investment NSW, 2010). The results are also relevant to the design of any equipment where vertical or horizontal levers are used to control the movement of equipment appendages, e.g. cranes mounted to mobile equipment and the like.
Blockade of CCR4 in a humanized model of asthma reveals a critical role for DC‐derived CCL17 and CCL22 in attracting Th2 cells and inducing airway inflammation

Background: As Th2 type lymphocytes orchestrate the cardinal features of allergic asthma, inhibiting their recruitment to the lungs could be of therapeutic benefit. Although human Th2 cells express the CCR4 chemokine receptor and increased production of CCR4 ligands has been found in asthmatic airways, studies in animals have reached contradictory conclusions on whether blocking this pathway would be beneficial.
Innate immune responses of epididymal epithelial cells to Staphylococcus aureus infection

The epithelium is an active epithelia play a role in th and secreting inflammato Our results indicated tha cauda epithelia infected w (iNOS) expression was up be produced significantly mitogen-activated protein cating that NFB and p38 (TLR)-2 and -4 were show the level of TLR2 expressio mal epithelium have an in activation by S. aureus infe
Steroid sparing effects of intranasal corticosteroids in asthma and allergic rhinitis

To cite this article: Nair A, Vaidyanathan S, Clearie K, Williamson P, Meldrum K, Lipworth BJ. Steroid sparing effects of intranasal corticosteroids in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2010; 65: 359–367.
Validity and relevance of the pack hike wildland firefighter work capacity test: a review

Fighting wildland fire is a physically demanding occupation. Wildland firefighters need to be physically fit to work safely and productively. To determine whether personnel are fit for duty, many firefighting agencies employ physical competency tests, such as the pack hike test (PHT). The PHT involves a 4.83-km hike over level terrain carrying a 20.4-kg pack within a 45-min period. The PHT was devised to test the job readiness of US wildland firefighters but is also currently used by some fire agencies in Australia and Canada. This review discusses the history and development of the PHT with emphasis on the process of test validation. Research-based training advice for the PHT is given, as well as discussion of the risks associated with completing the PHT. Different versions and modifications to the PHT have emerged in recent years and these are discussed with regard to their validity. Finally, this review addresses the relevance and validity of the PHT for Australian and Canadian wildland firefighters. Statement of Relevance: This paper reviews the history, development and validity of the PHT, an internationally recognised and utilised wildland firefighter work capacity test. It is concluded that while the PHT has general content validity for US wildland firefighters, verification of its reliability, criterion and construct validity is still needed.
Low back injury risks during construction with prefabricated (panelised) walls: effects of task and design factors

New technology designed to increase productivity in residential construction may exacerbate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among residential construction workers. Of interest here are panelised (prefabricated) wall systems (or panels) and facilitating an ongoing effort to provide proactive control of ergonomic exposures and risks among workers using panels. This study, which included 24 participants, estimated WMSD risks using five methods during common panel erection tasks and the influences of panel mass (sheathed vs. unsheathed) and size (wall length). WMSD risks were fairly high overall; e.g. 34% and 77% of trials exceeded the ‘action limits’ for spinal compressive and shear forces, respectively. Heavier (sheathed) panels significantly increased risks, although the magnitude of this effect differed with panel size and between tasks. Higher levels of risk were found in tasks originating from ground vs. knuckle height. Several practical recommendations based on the results are discussed. Statement of Relevance:Panelised wall systems have the potential to increase productivity in residential construction, but may result in increased worker injury risks. Results from this study can be used to generate future panel design and construction processes that can proactively address WMSD risks.
Effects of endothelin a receptor antagonist BQ123 on femoral artery pressure and pulmonary artery pressure in broiler chickens

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an important factor in regulation of cardiovascular tone in humans and mammals, but the biological function of ET-1 in the avian vascular system has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of endogenous ET-1 in the vascular system of poultry by investigating the effect ofendothelin A receptor (ET A R) antagonist BQ123 on the femoral artery pressure (FAP) and the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in broiler chickens. First, we found that plasma and lung homogenate ET-1 levels were both increased with age over the seven weeks life cyccle of broiler chickens. Second, 60 min after intravenous injection, BQ123 (0.4 μg kg -1 and 2.0 μg kg -1 , respectively) induced a significant reduction in FAP and PAP (p<0.05). Third, chronic infusion of BQ123 (2.0 μg kg -1 each time, two times a day) into abdominal cavities led to significant decrease in systolic pressure of the femoral (p<0.05) and pulmonary arteries (p<0.01) in broiler chickens at 7 and 14 days after treatment. Taken together, the ET A R antagonist BQ123 lead to a significant reduction of FAP and PAP, which suggests that endogenous ET-1 may be involved in the maintenance and regulation of systemic and pulmonary pressure in broiler chickens.
Adolescents and health-related behaviors. What influence can the typology of school have?

From the influence of peers in the acquisition of behaviors that could endanger or protect health, we aimed to verify the existence of differences in levels of sport practice, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and life satisfaction among students of the third Cycle of Basic Education attending two different types of schools in Portuguese Mainland: Basic Schools of second and third Cycles of Basic Education (BS2/3), attended by students aged between 10 and 16 and Secondary Schools with third Cycle of Basic Education (SS/3), attended by students aged between 12 and 18 years. The instruments used were the ‘Inventory of Health-related Behaviors of Adolescents’ (Corte-Real et al. 2004) and the ‘Scale of Satisfaction With Life’, a translated and adapted version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al. 1985). The sample consisted of 5624 adolescents (53% ♀ and 47% ♂) aged between 12 and 17 years old ( = 14,33; = 1,359). We found no statistically significant differences in none of the variables, except in the consumption of tobacco, in which we realized that students who attended SS/3 schools had higher intakes compared with adolescents of the same age, who were attending BS2/3 schools. We also concluded that girls showed more pronounced differences in all variables.
Darifenacin for the treatment of overactive bladder

Darifenacin hydrobromide is a muscarinic receptor antagonist for once-daily treatment of overactive bladder (urinary urgency with or without urge incontinence, which may be associated with increased frequency of voiding and nocturia). Consistent with its high affinity for muscarinic M3 receptors and low affinity for M1 and M2 receptors, darifenacin reduces the unwanted effects of nonselective antimuscarinic compounds. Darifenacin requires no metabolism to become active; its elimination half-life with oral, prolonged-release formulations is 6.7–18.5 h and it is metabolized by the liver. The recommended starting dose of once-daily, oral, prolonged-release darifenacin is 7.5 mg, and peak plasma levels are reached approximately 5.5–11.5 h after ingestion. Darifenacin is generally safe, with a tolerability profile (in terms of discontinuation rates due to adverse events) that is similar to placebo and a favorable dosing schedule, which together may improve convenience and, potentially, patient compliance.
Validation of a questionnaire (CARAT10) to assess rhinitis and asthma in patients with asthma

To cite this article: Fonseca JA, Nogueira‐Silva L, Morais‐Almeida M, Azevedo L, Sa‐Sousa A, Branco‐Ferreira M, Fernandes L, Bousquet J. Validation of a questionnaire (CARAT10) to assess rhinitis and asthma in patients with asthma. Allergy 2010; 65: 1042–1048.
Effects of common working postures on balance control during the stabilisation phase of transitioning to standing

Standing after maintaining working postures may result in imbalance and could elicit a fall. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of this imbalance. Forty-five male participants completed three replications of conditions created by four static postures and three durations within posture. Participants transitioned to quiet standing at a self-selected pace. Body segment location and displacement of the centre of pressure (COP) were recorded using a motion capture system and two forceplates, respectively. Balance control measures were calculated during the stabilisation phase. All balance control measures were significantly affected by static posture but not duration within posture. Bending over at waist generally caused the smallest changes in balance control measures, whereas the reclined kneeling posture resulted in the largest. Findings may lead to recommendations for redesign of tasks to reduce the use of certain working postures, particularly in high-risk environments such as construction. Statement of Relevance: Task performance on the jobsite often requires individuals to maintain non-erect postures. This study suggests that the working posture chosen affects stabilisation during a transition to a standing position. Bending at the waist or squatting seems to have less of an affect on balance control measures, whereas both types of kneeling postures evaluated resulted in greater imbalance.
The Strain Index (SI) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for Hand Activity Level (HAL): risk of carpal tunnelsyndrome (CTS) in a prospective cohort

A cohort of 536 workers was enrolled from 10 diverse manufacturing facilities and was followed monthly for six years. Job physical exposures were individually measured. Worker demographics, medical history, psychosocial factors, current musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were obtained. Point and lifetime prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) at baseline (symptoms + abnormal NCS) were 10.3% and 19.8%. During follow-up, there were 35 new CTS cases (left, right or both hands). Factors predicting development of CTS included: job physical exposure (American conference of governmental industrial hygienists Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH TLV) for Hand Activity Level (HAL) and the Strain Index (SI)), age, BMI, other MSDs, inflammatory arthritis, gardening outside of work and feelings of depression. In the adjusted models, the TLV for HAL and the SI were both significant per unit increase in exposure with hazard ratios (HR) increasing up to a maximum of 5.4 (p = 0.05) and 5.3 (p = 0.03), respectively; however, similar to other reports, both suggested lower risk at higher exposures. Data suggest that the TLV for HAL and the SI are useful metrics for estimating exposure to biomechanical stressors. Practitioner Summary: This study was conducted to determine how well the TLV for HAL and the SI predict risk of CTS using a prospective cohort design with survival analysis. Both the TLV for HAL and the SI were found to predict risk of CTS when adjusted for relevant covariates.
Goal-directed aimed movements with path obstructions

Studies are reported in which participants moved from a starting position to a final target, but moved around obstacles that prevented a direct path being taken. Seven experiments are reported in which subjects made multiple-component movements, defined by changes in the direction of movement, but without intervening targets (or stopping points) between components. It was found that components of movement time did not interact, contrary to the results of Gan and Hoffmann (1988b) for cases where there was an intervening target, and that component times could be added. For ballistic components, the time for the movement was linearly related to the square root of the total amplitude of movement; for components that were visually controlled, the time was related to Fitts’ Index of Difficulty based on the total amplitude of movement and the final target size. Results are compared to data for movements with intervening targets, where the movement integration hypothesis is valid. Practitioner Summary: Many movements, particularly to inaccessible places, cannot be made directly, but must be made about obstacles in the path. This research shows how times for these movements can be quantified in terms of the direct path length and the size and location of the obstacles.
Viability of using digital signals from the keyboard to capture typing force exposures

Although previous studies have shown that systematic temporal changes in keystroke durations may be used as surrogate measures of muscle fatigue, software-based keystroke duration may be adversely affected by different keyswitch force-displacement characteristics. Therefore, this study used a force platform to measure the keystroke durations and compared them to software-based measures in order to determine whether the software-based keystroke duration is a robust surrogate measure for the force-derived durations (independent of keyswitch designs). A total of 13 subjects typed for 15 minutes each on three keyboards with different force-displacement characteristics. The results showed that the software-based keystroke durations closely mirrored and approximated the true force-derived keystroke durations, regardless of the force-displacement characteristics. Furthermore, the subject-dependent correlations indicated that the software-based keystroke durations approximated the true force-derived keystroke durations. Therefore, the software-based keystroke durations could be used as a surrogate non-invasive, cost-effective measure to identify muscle fatigue during computer use for large-scale epidemiological studies. Practitioner Summary: Developing non-invasive, cost-effective computer exposure assessment tools can help researchers develop a better understanding on the underlying mechanisms of computer-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study demonstrates how software measured keystroke duration can be used as a non-invasive, cost-effective exposure assessment measure during computer use.
Relative lack of T regulatory cells in adult eosinophilic esophagitis – no normalization after corticosteroid therapy

had significant sequence identity with eIF3, which was required for the binding of mRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits and the interaction with many components of the translational machinery (4). Increased mRNA and protein levels of eIF3 have been detected in a wide variety of human cancers and are frequently identified as biomarkers for poor clinical outcome (4). However, members of the eIF protein family have never been reported as allergens and therefore represent a new class of IgE-binding proteins. There has been increasing evidence that allergic inflammation involves not only the Th2-cell pathway but also innate immune responses. Many allergens are able to initiate or propagate inflammation via stimulating cell receptors constituting the physical skin barrier (5, 6). This report has shown that For t 2 not only binds with serum IgE of sensitized patients but also induces the production of important inflammatory chemokines from skin fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study has cloned a major biting midge allergen, For t 2, with significant sequence homology to eIF3, thus defining a new class of allergens that can stimulate IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from human fibroblasts. The purified recombinant allergen may be used for diagnosing and treating midge bite allergy in the future. This study was supported by grants TCVGH-973802C from Taichung Veterans General Hospital and NSC95-2314-B075A-016-MY3 from the National Science Council, Taiwan. The authors thank Miss Hsin-Ju Wu for her assistance with the skin prick testing and blood collection.
White Spot Lesions During Orthodontic Treatment: Mechanisms and Fluoride Preventive Aspects

Decalcifications in the form of white spot lesions appear frequently in orthodontic patients as small lines along the bracket periphery and in a few patients as large decalcifications with or without cavitations. Improper oral hygiene around the appliance induces a low resting pH plaque that may reduce the cariostatic properties of fluoride therapy. Optimal oral hygiene and daily use of a fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinse are essential and have a synergistic effect. Recent advances in fluoride research have shown that fluoride agents like stannous fluoride and titanium fluoride deposit reservoirs on the tooth surface that may resist even low pH and severe caries challenges.
Adjustment Process in Iranian Women With Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a devastating event for a woman. Physical changes and psychological problems, treatment to improve the patient's condition, and increased survival rates compared with other cancers manifest the importance of quality of life in these patients. This quality of life is affected by how the patients adjust to their situation. Hence, to understand adjustment to breast cancer, this research aimed to investigate the experience from the patients' perspective and how they interact with others and interpret their experiences in adjusting to the disease. A qualitative research approach based on grounded theory was used. The data were the result of 45 interviews with patients in different phases of their illness trajectory during 1 year, 6 interviews with families, and 10 observation sessions. The main categories that emerged were perceived threat to live, religious aspects, supportive dimensions, will to recover, increase in endurance, barriers to efforts leading to health, living with the disease with tolerance, and inhibitors and facilitators of tolerance. These main categories were understood as passages to reach evolutionary peaceful coexistence. Adjustment to breast cancer has positive evolutional process, and its direction is toward better adjustment. By positive mental reconstruction, the patients feel that they can live with their disease.
FADS gene cluster modulates the effect of breastfeeding on asthma. Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies

To cite this article: Standl M, Sausenthaler S, Lattka E, Koletzko S, Bauer C‐P, Wichmann H‐E, von Berg A, Berdel D, Krämer U, Schaaf B, Lehmann I, Herbarth O, Klopp N, Koletzko B, Heinrich J. FADS gene cluster modulates the effect of breastfeeding on asthma. Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies. Allergy 2012; 67: 83–90.
A framework to support human factors of automation in railway intelligent infrastructure

Technological and organisational advances have increased the potential for remote access and proactive monitoring of the infrastructure in various domains and sectors – water and sewage, oil and gas and transport. Intelligent Infrastructure (II) is an architecture that potentially enables the generation of timely and relevant information about the state of any type of infrastructure asset, providing a basis for reliable decision-making. This paper reports an exploratory study to understand the concepts and human factors associated with II in the railway, largely drawing from structured interviews with key industry decision-makers and attachment to pilot projects. Outputs from the study include a data-processing framework defining the key human factors at different levels of the data structure within a railway II system and a system-level representation. The framework and other study findings will form a basis for human factors contributions to systems design elements such as information interfaces and role specifications. Practitioner Summary: The framework reported in this paper can become the basis for human factors guidance of engineers, developers and business analysts in developing appropriate levels of information display, automation and decision aid into rail II. Guidance will be aimed at the different functions and activities within multi-layered, multi-agent control.