Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuromast topography in urodele amphibians

Using scanning electron microscopy I determined neuromast number and orientation, neuromast sensory epithelial surface area and relative position, hair cell number per neuromast, hair cell size, and stitch formation in aquatic urodeles. All aquatic salamanders examined (34 specimens, 20 species, 16 genera, nine families) had neuromasts. The basic pattern of neuromast organization was similar in all species, consisting of a single row of circumorbital (supraorbital + infraorbital) neuromasts and anteriorly along the snout two rows of nasal and three rows of maxillary neuromasts. Nasal and maxillary groups consisted of orthogonally oriented neuromasts. Variation in most parameters occured at every taxonomic level, between individuals of the same species, and even on opposite sides of the same individual. Among species, primary neuromast number ranged from 94 to 150, with plethodontids having higher numbers. Despite high intraspecific variation, neuromast number fell into a sufficiently narrow range to be useful systematically. Hair cell number per neuromast was greater in species with larger animals. Hair cell number per neuromast and number of primary neuromasts did not increase with growth. In some species primary neuromasts divided to form secondary neuromasts (together termed a stitch). Two types of stitches‐transverse and longitudinal‐were formed. Transverse stitches were characteristic of ambystomatids and cryptobranchids, longitudinal stitches were characteristic of proteids and salamandrids. Because transverse stitches are also characteristic of anurans, this trait may be the generalized condition in at least these two amphibian orders. With stitch formation total number of hair cells on the dorsal surface of the head of these animals can be increased over tenfold to almost 20,000. Ecologically, lentic forms tended to form transverse stitches, while lotic forms had single neuromasts in epidermal pits or longitudinal stitches in epidermal grooves. Lotic forms also tended to have more primary neuromasts and more nasal and maxillary neuromasts.
Gravity and Zero Point Energy

When Planck introduced the 1⁄2hν term to his 1911 black body equation he showed that there is a residual energy remaining at zero degree K after all thermal energy ceased. Other investigators, including Lamb, Casimir, and Dirac added to this information. Today zero point energy (ZPE) is accepted as an established condition. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the density of the ZPE is given by the gravity constant (G) and the characteristics of its particles are revealed by the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Eddies of ZPE particles created by flow around mass bodies reduce the pressure normal to the eddy flow and are responsible for the force of gravity. Helium atoms resonate with ZPE particles at low temperature to produce superfluid helium. High velocity micro vortices of ZPE particles about a basic particle or particles are responsible for electromagnetic forces. The speed of light is the speed of the wave front in the ZPE and its value is a function of the temperature and density of the ZPE
Antimicrobial activities, pollen diversity and physicochemical properties of natural honey from Southeastern Anatolia of Turkey

Background: Honey, a natural sweetener, is produced from the nectar of many plants. The pollen diversity, physicochemical properties, and antimicrobial activities were analyzed in honey samples from Mardin (Southeastern Anatolia). Methods: The melissopalynological method was used to identify and enumerate the pollen granules. Analytical methods and agar well diffusion assays were employed for the determination of some quality parameters and the antimicrobial potential of honey samples, respectively. Results: The pollen composition consisted of 27 taxa belonging to 13 families. The origins of all honey were determined as the multifloral sources. The most predominant taxa were mainly Hedysarum sp . , Carduus sp . , Melissa officinalis, Gossypium hirsitum, Paliurus spina-christi, Salix sp . and Pimpinella anisum . The secondary pollen taxa were Hedysarum sp. , Trifolium sp. , Astragalus sp. , Salix sp . , Paliurus spina-christi, Asphodeline sp. , Centaurea sp . , Carduus sp . , Zea mays and Cistus sp. , respectively. Asphodeline sp . as a secondary pollen taxon in a honey sample could be considered as the first report. The pH, total acidity, brix, refractive index, electrical conductivity, moisture and L, a, b values of the samples varied from 3.75 to 4.28, 30 to 42, 67.3 to 85.70, 1.45 to 1.50, 12.40 to 31.61, 0.24 to 0.90, 47.81 to 57.59, -0.94 to 4.31, 20.37 to 31.28, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the honey specimens were also effective on five bacterial species and two yeast species. Conclusions: Honey samples from Southeastern Anatolia revealed a good diversity of pollen granules. The rich multiflora of honey increases not only its nutritional quality as well as antimicrobial potential on various clinically important microorganisms.
Mobility Challenges and Possible Solutions for Low-gravity Planetary Body Exploration

Currently, a number of missions in the field of small bodies exploration, e.g. to asteroids, are ongoing or planned (amongst others Hayabusa 2 by JAXA or the follow-on of Marco Polo by ESA). Several of these missions foresee a lander package for in -situ science (e.g. proposed MASCOT for Hayabusa 2). To enhance functional safety as well as science possibilities, the provision of mobility on the target body is widely appreciated. However, due to the very low gravity influence, possible solutions are different fro m present ones for larger gravity planets and moons such as Mars and the Earth’s Moon. The paper gives an overview about simulation and testing activities which lead to promising mobility concepts for micro-gravity environment.
Gestational Age Assessment In The Newborn – A Review

BACKGROUND:Assessment of gestational age of babies has been in existence for many years. There are several methods available which are used routinely. Some of these can assess gestational age prenatally while others are used postnatally.The importance of assessing gestational age cannot be overemphasized. It helps to anticipate problems that a newborn may develop and thereby ensures prompt management. It also helps to categorize low birth weight babies into preterm, small for gestational age or both and these all require different approaches to management. In our environment where pregnancy dates are sometimes uncertain, assessment of gestational age may help meet the needs of the newborn.METHOD: This is a review of various methods of assessing gestational age. Literature search was made through locally available literature, Google search engine, Pubmed and Medline search.
Managerial strategies and entrepreneurial thinking within Non-Government Organizations A model for local NGOs capacity development in developing self-sustain projects in East Africa Authors

In several countries, the contributions of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in promoting the livelihood of the communities can clearly be identified. As a matter of fact, international development agencies increase their trust to NGOs in running development projects because they have proven capable of running these projects at a lower cost while reaching the huge number of poor communities. However, several factors have influenced the development of NGOs had little participation, contribution, and impact in undertaking the more structurally-entrenched causes and indicators of poverty. In addition, in most of the countries in Africa, local NGOs are weak with regards to the implementation of development projects. Consequently, there are ongoing questions towards these challenges faced by NGOs, especially at the local level. Most of the research focus on the external factors such as corruption, political instability, climatic unreliability, inadequate resources as the main reasons for less performance of the projects. Additionally, other researchers pinpoint the issue of upward accountability from sponsors and donors, but still they do not tell us the full story, therefore, realizing the gap of internal factors that have been overlooked by many researchers in the successful implementation of projects in Africa. This research seeks to explore the concept of leadership within local NGOs that conduct Economic Empowerment Projects, in East Africa. Through the qualitative study, our research findings would be analyzed to provide an insight to management team on how managerial and entrepreneurial thinking may influence the performance of the community development projects. In this study, the capacity development model will be identified and proposed as a guideline for organizational leaders in the capacity building interventions. This would support development practitioners of NGO sector in tackling the ongoing practical challenges in developing countries.
Gr upSM Natural Products Research in Peptic Ulcer Disease

This chapter discusses the recent research carried out in last fifteen years in the natural products research exclusively in peptic ulcer disease. Health and medicine importance has been realized from evolution. From ancient times natural products have been utilized by our family tree. The recent research focuses on the scientific validation of our traditional natural source. The ancient medical practice in traditional alternative medical system includes Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Acupuncture, Chinese traditional medicines, Native American medicine and African traditional medicine. The rate of curing diseases without adverse effect is the significance of natural products research. The common vegetables, fruits, medicinal plants and its phytochemicals have been reviewed in this chapter.
Lipid Phase Dependence of DNA−Cationic Phospholipid Bilayer Interactions Examined Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Magnetic AC mode atomic force microscopy was used to study DNA adsorption onto supported cationic phospholipid (CL) bilayers in the fluid (L α ) and gel (L β ) phases. A L α phase CL bilayer was used as a model system to study DNA-CL complex formation at the single molecule level. Pure and mixed bilayers of dioleoyltrimethylammonium propane (DOTAP), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), and dipalmitoyltrimethylammonium propane (DPTAP) were investigated. The adsorption of small oligodeoxynucleotide DNA (14 base pairs) and large (1000-3000 base pairs) was examined and revealed that the behavior of the DNA-CL complex depends on the length and density of DNA. Once adsorbed to the bilayer, large DNA induced changes in the bilayer coverage of the mica support, while short DNA did not destabilize the bilayer. There was a strong dependence of the bilayer destabilization on the type of neutral helper lipid mixed with the cationic lipid, with DOTAP/DOPE being much less stable to DNA adsorption than DOTAP/DOPC. The characteristics of pure and mixed DOTAP, DOPE, and DOPC supported phospholipid bilayers were investigated to understand the stability changes induced by DNA. Images of the DNA-free phospholipid bilayer revealed the dependence of supported planar bilayer structure and stability on the chemical nature of the headgroup and on the phase of the bilayer. Finally, it was illuminating to image DNA on DPTAP bilayers as a function of temperature. When the system was examined above the L α -L β phase transition, images similar to those recorded for DNA-DOTAP (L α ) and DNA-DOTAP/DOPC (L α ) were observed.
The WHO FRAX Calculator with and without BMD as an Indicator of Low BMD in Pakistani Women

Aims: BMD (bone mineral density) testing facilities are still scarce in Pakistan. We evaluated the predictive ability of FRAX with BMD (FRAX+) and FRAX without BMD (FRAX-) in a set of Pakistani females to assess their role in BMD assessment. Study Design: Cross Sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ziauddin hospital, Clifton Campus, Karachi, Pakistan between March and August 2016. Methods: We enrolled 200 females above 40 years of age. Average age was 60.7 years (±10.52). Gold standard Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans were obtained to assess presence of low BMD. FRAX calculations with and without addition of femoral neck BMD were done. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to plot Receiver Operating Original Research Article Sadiq et al.; BJMMR, 18(10): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMMR. 30003 2 Characteristics (ROC) and Area under Curve (AUC) was utilized for evaluation of tool’s diagnostic accuracy. Results: FRAX+ and FRAXhad comparable predictive power having AUC of 0.784 and 0.799 respectively. The Major Osteoporotic (MO) and hip fracture probabilities for FRAX+ and FRAXshowed significant correlation at the 0.001 level. Conclusion: FRAXmay be utilized to assess BMD status in the absence of DXA facilities and to assess its need to avoid unnecessary scanning.
Artificial biofilm thickness and salivary flow effects on fluoride efficacy – A model development study

This laboratory model development study investigated the interaction between artificial biofilm thickness and salivary flow rate on fluoride-mediated prevention of enamel caries lesion formation. This 5-day pH cycling study on sound bovine enamel specimens utilized a continuous flow model and followed a 4 (agarose biofilm thickness-‘no biofilm’/1/2/3mm)×2 (remineralizing solution flow rate-0.05/0.5ml/min)×2 (fluoride-0/383ppm as sodium fluoride) factorial design. Vickers surface microhardness change was the outcome measure. Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA. The three-way interaction gel thickness×flow rate×fluoride concentration was significant (p=0.0006). 383ppm fluoride caused less softening than 0ppm regardless of gel thickness or flow rate. 0.5ml/min flow rate caused less softening than 0.05ml/min for ‘no biofilm’ and 1mm biofilm thickness regardless of fluoride concentration, for 2 and 3mm with 0ppm F but not for 383ppm F. For 0.05ml/min, softening was reduced as gel thickness increased from ‘no biofilm’-1-2mm, but not from 2-3mm. For 0.5ml/min, ‘no biofilm’ caused more softening than 1, 2, and 3mm, but 1, 2, and 3mm were not different from each other for both 0 and 383ppm F. The present findings suggest that the efficacy of fluoride in preventing enamel demineralization is affected by both biofilm thickness and salivary flow rate, with both thicker biofilms and higher flow rate resulting in less demineralization. Correspondence to: Frank Lippert, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA, Tel. +1 317 274 3983; Fax +1 317 274 5425, E-mail: flippert@iu.edu
Disentangling Multiple Conditional Inputs in GANs

In this paper, we propose a method that disentangles the effects of multiple input conditions in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). In particular, we demonstrate our method in controlling color, texture, and shape of a generated garment image for computer-aided fashion design. To disentangle the effect of input attributes, we customize conditional GANs with consistency loss functions. In our experiments, we tune one input at a time and show that we can guide our network to generate novel and realistic images of clothing articles. In addition, we present a fashion design process that estimates the input attributes of an existing garment and modifies them using our generator.
User's Privacy in Recommendation Systems Applying Online Social Network Data, A Survey and Taxonomy

Recommender systems have become an integral part of many social networks and extract knowledge from a user’s personal and sensitive data both explicitly, with the user’s knowledge, and implicitly. This trend has created major privacy concerns as users are mostly unaware of what data and how much data is being used and how securely it is used. In this context, several works have been done to address privacy concerns for usage in online social network data and by recommender systems. This paper surveys the main privacy concerns, measurements and privacy-preserving techniques used in large-scale online social networks and recommender systems. It is based on historical works on security, privacy-preserving, statistical modeling, and datasets to provide an overview of the technical difficulties and problems associated with privacy preserving in online social networks.
Productive performance of sows fed increasing levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) across parities

Summary Background: addition of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in lactation diets may contribute to productive performance of lactating sows of different parities. Objective: the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding diets containing different levels of DDGS on productive performance of lactating sows of different parities. Methods: a total of 245 sows were divided into 3 parity groups of 1 to 2, 3 to 5, and over 5 parities. Within each parity group, sows were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments that were prepared by inclusion of 0, 10, 20, and 30% DDGS in lactation diets. Diets were fed to sows during the whole lactation period. Results: average piglet weaning weight tended (quadratic, p Conclusions: DDGS can be included up to 30% in diets fed to lactating sows of different parities. Key words: corn byproducts, ethanol byproducts, multiparity, pigs, reproductive traits, swine nutrition. Resumen Antecedentes: la inclusion de granos secos de destileria con solubles (DDGS) en las dietas de lactancia puede contribuir al desempeno productivo entre cerdas lactantes de diferentes partos. Objetivo: determinar los efectos de varios niveles dietarios de DDGS en el comportamiento productivo de cerdas lactantes de diferentes partos. Metodos: un total de 245 cerdas fueron divididas en 3 grupos segun el numero de partos: de 1 a 2, 3 a 5, y mas de 5 partos. Dentro de cada grupo de partos, las cerdas se asignaron a 1 de 4 tratamientos dietarios que incluian 0, 10, 20, o 30 % de DDGS en la dieta de lactancia. Las dietas fueron administradas a las cerdas durante todo el periodo de lactancia. Resultados: el peso al destete de los lechones tendio (cuadratica, p Conclusiones: los DDGS se pueden incluir hasta un 30% en las dietas de cerdas lactantes de diferente orden de parto. Palabras clave: caracteristicas reproductivas, cerdos, multiparas, nutricion porcina, subproductos de etanol, subproductos de maiz. Resumo: Antecedentes: a inclusao de graos secos de destilaria com soluveis (DDGS) em dietas de amamentacao pode contribuir para o desempenho produtivo de porcas lactantes com diferentes partos. Objetivo: determinar os efeitos de diferentes niveis dieteticos de DDGS no desempenho produtivo de porcas em lactacao com diferente numero de partos. Metodos: um total de 245 femeas foram divididas em tres grupos segundo seu numero de partos: 1-2, 3-5, e mais de 5 partos. Dentro de cada grupo de paricao, as porcas foram designadas para um de quatro tratamentos de diferentes dietas que forneciam 0, 10, 20, ou 30% de DDGS na dieta de amamentacao. As dietas foram fornecidas as porcas durante o periodo de lactacao. Resultados: o peso ao desmame dos leitoes tendeu (quadratica, p Conclusoes : os DDGS se podem incluir nas dietas das porcas com diferentes numeros de partos ate num 30%. Palavras chave: caracteristicas reprodutivas, porcos, multiparas, nutricao suina, subprodutos do etanol, subprodutos do milho.
1 Pathogenesis of the Endothelial Damage and Related Factors

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by a widespread microangiopathy, autoimmunity and fibrosis of the skin and of various internal organs. Vascular damage occurs early in the course of the disease as showed by the presence of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) that can precede the fibrotic process of months or years. A complex interaction between endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), pericytes, extracellular matrix (ECM), and intravascular circulating factors is now recognized to contribute to the vascular reactivity, remodeling, and occlusive disease of SSc (Gabrielli et al., 2009). Chronic platelet activation and enhanced coagulation with reduced fibrinolysis, secondary to EC activation that leads to fibrin deposits and contribute to the intimal proliferation and luminal narrowing are also found. The identity of the initial trigger of EC damage remains unknown. Current hypotheses suggest a possible infectious or chemical trigger(s) that activates both cellular and humoral immunity. Products of immune activation may lead to vascular injury possibly through the production of autoantibodies and the release of products of activated T cells that can directly damage the endothelium (Kahaleh, 2008). Microangiopathy is characterized by a reduced capillary density and an irregular chaotic architecture that leads to chronic tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction with eventual organ failure. Vascular complications, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) have emerged as leading causes of disability and mortality in SSc (Guiducci et al., 2007). Despite the hypoxic conditions, there is no evidence for a sufficient compensative angiogenesis in SSc (Distler O et al., 2002). Furthermore, vasculogenesis, the de novo formation of blood vessels, is also impaired. An imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic factors as well as functional alterations of the cellular players, involved in the angiogenic and vasculogenic program, might explain the pathogenetic mechanisms of SSc vasculopathy (Liakouli, 2011; Cipriani, 2011). Either angiogenic or vasculogenic mechanisms may potentially become in the future the target of novel therapeutic strategies to promote vascular regeneration in SSc.
AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF VARIOUS PLANT SPECIES GROWING IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS

Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was calculated for various plant species growing in industrial areas of Visakhapatnam. The leaf samples collected from 24 tree species in industrial areas of Visakhapatnam city were used to determine their Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) by calculating the ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, pH, and relative water contents. In the present study, the APTI values of less than 16 are reported in 20 species and they can be used as indicators of air pollution. The species Ficus religiosa (25.77), Zizypus jujuba (22.32), Phyllanthus emblica (18.88) and Cassia fistula (18.69) showed their moderate response by changing their biochemical contents and are identified as moderately tolerant to air pollution.