Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraint programming for nurse scheduling

Nurse scheduling is a difficult, multifaceted problem. Here, the authors have presented the efficiency of Constraint Programming for solving this problem. The results obtained are very satisfactory for response time and for flexibility. The advantages of implementing this method are multiple: 1) it saves much time for the head nurse in the generation of schedules (the authors met head nurses for whom the task of scheduling takes a full working day); 2) the proposed system is not a rigid tool for schedule generation, but it is designed to help the decision maker in decisions and negotiations; 3) the proposed system is a flexible tool with respect to individual requests and for overcoming unforeseen absences; 4) it is very easy to manage constraints whether, for example, to define new constraints, activating or deactivating particular constraints, or modifying an already defined constraint. Ilog-Solver is a powerful tool for constraint programming. It provides the user with several types of variables, and the possibility of defining a specific constraint for the problem. The integration of object programming provided by Ilog-Solver allows better representation and saves much memory. >
Predicting a moving object position for visual servoing: theory and experiments

In order to perform visual servoing tasks in a robotic system, one is confronted with the low sampling rate of standard cameras and the time delay introduced by image processing. One way to circumvent the time‐delay problem is to estimate future positions of the moving object of interest employing prediction techniques. In this work, three prediction techniques, namely Kalman filtering and two adaptive techniques employing least squares with forgetting factor and the projection algorithm, respectively, are evaluated in terms of their prediction error. Experimental results show that the adaptive techniques give best results and the Kalman filter‐based predictor shows a high sensitivity to velocity changes of the moving object. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION SCHEMATA BY PETRI NETS

Petri nets provide a powerful graphical tool for representing and analyzing complex concurrent systems. Properties such as hang-up freeness, determinacy, conflict, concurrency and dependency, can be represented and studied. The precise relationship between structural and behavioral properties, and between local and global properties is not well-understood for the most general class of Petri Nets. This thesis presents such results for a restricted class of Petri Nets called Free Choice Petri Nets, and for a corresponding class of systems called Production Schemata. Results on structural constraints guaranteeing global operation, and decompositions of complex systems into meaningful parts, are also presented.
A Novel Image Steganography Using Chaotic Map and Visual Model

A novel image steganography method using chaotic map and human visual model is presented in DCT domain. Firstly each 8×8 image block is performed Discrete Cosine Transform, then the location of image block that is embedded secret message is determined by the chaotic map. Finally the secret message is embedded adaptively in the usable middle frequency coefficient pairs judged by Just Noticeable Difference(JND). Simulation results show that the algorithm has a high capacity and a good invisibility, moreover it is robust for the common image processing like JPEG compression and cropping.
Interactive processes in reading comprehension

Comprehension during reading involves higher‐order processing of discourse structure and the reader's knowledge in interaction with lower‐level word coding processes. The interactions between these “top‐down” and “bottom‐up” processes must be taken into account in models of comprehension. The suggestion made in this paper is that word codingand sentence comprehension processes must execute fast enough to sustain active text memories. It is argued that memory deactivation due to breakdowns in the synchrony of coding and comprehension subcomponents is a major source of individual skill differences in reading comprehension. Four lines of evidence that supports this hypothesis are reviewed: (1) Less skilled readers show slower or less accurate performance on certain verbal processing tasks. (2) Such less skilled readers do not necessarily have deficient general short‐term memory capacity. (3) Normal reading is disrupted by relatively minor interferences with coding processes. (4) The availability of relevant .
Final Results of the Can Routine Ultrasound Influence Stent Expansion (CRUISE) Study

Background—Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can assess stent geometry more accurately than angiography. Several studies have demonstrated that the degree of stent expansion as measured by IVUS directly correlated to clinical outcome. However, it is unclear if routine ultrasound guidance of stent implantation improves clinical outcome as compared with angiographic guidance alone. Methods and Results—The CRUISE (Can Routine Ultrasound Influence Stent Expansion) study, a multicenter study IVUS substudy of the Stent Anti-thrombotic Regimen Study, was designed to assess the impact of IVUS on stent deployment in the high-pressure era. Nine centers were prospectively assigned to stent deployment with the use of ultrasound guidance and 7 centers to angiographic guidance alone with documentary (blinded) IVUS at the conclusion of the procedure. A total of 525 patients were enrolled with completed quantitative coronary angiography, quantitative coronary ultrasound, and clinical events adjudicated at 9 months for 499 .
Mathematical model for resource allocation in TDMA-based wireless meshnetworks

Wireless mesh-networks that are based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) are preferable from viewpoint of quality of service especially for delay sensitive-traffic such as voice and video. Since the mechanisms for the guaranteed quality service provision are not defined by standards, the mathematical dynamic model of the mesh-networks is offered in this paper. The model provides an optimal solution for joint routing and link resource allocation problem within the selected class of service. The model takes into account the user’s quality requirements, limited amount of link and buffer resources, the interference phenomenon and allows reusing slots on the link layer in order to improve effectiveness of network in general. Because time slot is unit of link layer resource the article introduces effect that order of allocated slots within the route has on end-to-end delay. It was shown that each slot reusing along a route causes endto- end delay growing in it. In this regard, the objective function of formulated optimization problem has been modified by the insertion of an additional component that is related to sequence order of slots along the path.
PERCEPTRON NETWORK FOR RBF LOVERS

There are two basic types of artificial neural networks: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function network (RBF). The first type (MLP) consists of one type of neuron, which can be decomposed into a linear and sigmoid part. The second type (RBF) consists of two types of neurons: radial and linear ones. The radial basis function is analyzed and then used for decomposition of RBF network. The resulting Perceptron Radial Basis Function Network (PRBF) consists of two types of neurons: linear and extended sigmoid ones. Any RBF network can be directly converted to a four-layer PRBF network while any MLP network with three layers can be approximated by a five-layer PRBF network. The new PRBF network is then a generalization of MLP and RBF network abilities. Learning strategies are also discussed. The new type of PRBF network and its learning via repeated local optimization is demonstrated on a numerical example together with RBF and MLP for comparison. This paper is organized as follows: Basic properties of MLP and RBF neurons are summarized in the first two chapters. The third chapter includes novel relationship between sigmoidal and radial functions, which is useful for RBF decomposition and generalization. Description of new PRBF network, together with its properties, is subject of the fourth chapter. Numerical experiments with a PRBF and their requests are given in the last chapters.
S3-Leitlinie „Kolorektales Karzinom” – Aktualisierung 2008

und Abt. Gastroenterologie/Hepatologie, Universit tsklinikum Bergmannsheil B rkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1 44789 Bochum Tel. : ++ 49 /234 /3 026 771 Fax: ++ 49 / 234 /3 026 707 gastro-bergmannsheil@rub.de www.bergmannsheil. de/gastro Im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft f r Verdauungsund Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) in Zusammenarbeit mit der: E Deutschen Gesellschaft f r Viszeralchirurgie (DGVC) E Deutschen Gesellschaft f r H matologie und Onkologie (DGHO) E Deutschen Gesellschaft f r Pathologie (DGP) E Deutschen Gesellschaft f r Radioonkologie (DEGRO) E Chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Onkologie (CAO-V) E Deutschen Rçntgengesellschaft (DRG) E Deutschen Vereinte Gesellschaft f r Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin (DGKL) E Deutschen Gesellschaft f r Koloproktologie (DGK) E Vereinigung f r Stomatr ger und f r Menschen mit Darmkrebs (Deutsche ILCO) E Deutschen Morbus Crohn/Colitis ulcerosa Vereinigung (DCCV) E Deutschen Gesellschaft f r Innere Medizin (DGIM) E Arbeitsgemeinschaft der wissenschaftlichen medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF) mit Unterst tzung der Deutschen Krebshilfe e. V. Leitung: W. Schmiegel unter Mitarbeit von: A. Reinacher-Schick, C. Pox, I. Kopp Leitlinie 799
Performance Analysis of Techniques Used for Determining Land Mines

Today, remote sensing is used for different methods and different purposes. In all of the detection methods, some considerations such as low energy consumption, low cost, insensitivity to environmental changes, high accuracy, high reliability and robustness become important. Taking into account these facts, remote sensing methods are used in applications such as geological and archeological research, engineering areas, health services, preserving and controlling natural life, determination of underground sources, controlling air, sea and road traffic, military applications, etc. The method to be used is based on the object type to be detected, material to be made, and location to be found. The remote sensing methods from the past up to today can be listed as acoustic and seismic, ground penetration radar (GPR) detection, electromagnetic induction, infrared (IR) imaging, neutron quadrupole resonance (NQR), thermal neutron activation (TNA), neutron back scattering, X-ray back scattering, and magnetic anomaly detection. In these methods, detected raw images have to be processed, filtered and enhanced. In order to achieve these operations, some algorithms are needed to be developed. In this study, the methods used in detecting land mines remotely and their performance analysis have been given. In this way, the last situation on the advantages and disadvantages of methods used, application areas and detection accuracies are determined. Furthermore, the algorithms such as transmission line matrix (TLM), finite difference time-domain (FDTD), the method of moment (MoM), split step parabolic equation (SSPE) and image processing and intelligent algorithms are presented in detail.
Use of localized gating in mixture of experts networks

The 'mixture-of-experts (MOE)' is a popular architecture for function approximation. In the standard architecture, each expert is gated via a softmax function, and its domain of application is not very localized. This paper summarizes several recent results showing the advantages of using localized gating instead. These include a natural framework for model selection/adaptation by growing and shrinking the number of experts, modeling of non-stationary environments, improving the generalization performance and obtaining confidence intervals of network outputs. These results substantially increase the scope and power of MOE networks. Several simulation results are presented to support the theoretical arguments.
A Survey on Physical MIMo Channels with tranceiver imperfections

The capability of perfect MIMO channels has a high SNR grade that equals the minimum of the add up to of transmit and receive stsam. This is due to the fact that, unlike base stations, relays are low-cost nodes that can be easily deployed and, hence, enhances the network agility. The vast majority of works in the context of relaying networks make the assumption of ideal transceiver hardware. The vast majority of technical contributions in the area of relaying assume ideal transceiver hardware. Technological advances can reduce transceiver impairments, but there is currently an opposite trend towards small low-cost low-power transceivers where the inherent dirty RF effects are inevitable and the transmission is instead adapted to them. We prove analytically that such physical MIMO channels have a finite upper capacity limit, for any channel distribution and SNR. The high-SNR slope thus collapses to zero. One explanation is the finite channel coherence time that limits the resources for channel acquisition and coordination between nodes, thus creating a finite fundamental ceiling for the network spectral efficiency— irrespectively of the power and the number of antennas. sannetna ,snoitats esab ,erawdrah ,RNS
Neurodermitis S2‐Leitlinie

© Dt. Dermatologische Gesellschaft u. a. • Journal compilation © Blackwell Verlag GmbH, Berlin • JDDG • 1610-0379/2009/Suppl 1 – S1–S46 JDDG | Supplement 1 ̇2009 (Band 7) 1 Einleitung Die vorliegende Leitlinie ersetzt die 2000 publizierte S1-Leitlinie zur Neurodermitis (Werfel et al. 2000). Sie ist entsprechend den methodischen Vorgaben zur Entwicklung von Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) erstellt worden und entspricht nach dem Dreistufenkonzept der AWMF einer S2Leitlinie, ergänzt durch Empfehlungsund Evidenzgrade (Tabelle 1). Aussagen der Leitlinie wurden mit Evidenzgraden (Tabelle 1) und Empfehlungsklassen (Tabelle 2) versehen, die anhand von Metaanalysen, klinischen Studien und anderen wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen ermittelt wurden. Der Konsens ist notwendig, um bei geringer vorhandener Evidenz Akzeptanz für eine Leitlinie zu erzeugen und die Verbreitung und Implementierung zu unterstützen. Als Konsensusverfahren wurde ein kombiniertes Verfahren aus nominalem Gruppenprozess und Delphitechnik eingesetzt, an dem autorisierte Vertreter der wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften und Arbeitsgruppen der Berufsverbände und Selbsthilfegruppen teilnahmen. Im Rahmen des Konsentierungsprozesses konnten in begründeten Fällen auch abweichende Empfehlungsklassen verabschiedet werden.
Admission control and scheduling of traffic on ATM switches: performance analysis

Provision of Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees is an important and challenging issue in the design of integrated-services packet networks. Call admission control is an integral part of the challenge and is closely related to other aspects of networks such as service models, scheduling disciplines, traffic characterization and QoS specification. Here we are concerned with two sub-optimal scheduling discipline [Start-Time Fair Queuing, Self-Clocked Fair Queuing] (STFQ , SCFQ) which are derived from the optimal scheduling discipline Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS). Using an easy and efficient discipline is essential for integrated services, which require specific QoS, and which ATM is mainly used to serve. An evaluation study is performed on a certain Call Admission Control (CAC) scheme. Also, a comparison between the presented disciplines is given.
The Royal Society of New Zealand's journals: how can they cope with the changing serials environment?

This paper reports a consultancy project undertaken in September 2003 for the New Zealand Government, which studied the government-subsidized journal publishing operations of the Royal Society of New Zealand (RSNZ) and made recommendations for changes that the RSNZ might make to improve the effectiveness of this operation. As well as minor operational improvements, the report also recommended consideration of larger changes, including open access, use of aggregators, and a change of the printed versions from quarterlies to annual archival editions.
BioJADE: A Design and Simulation Tool for Synthetic Biological Systems

The next generations of both biological engineering and computer engineering demand that control be exerted at the molecular level. Creating, characterizing and controlling synthetic biological systems may provide us with the ability to build cells that are capable of a plethora of activities, from computation to synthesizing nanostructures. To develop these systems, we must have a set of tools not only for synthesizing systems, but also designing and simulating them. The BioJADE project provides a comprehensive, extensible design and simulation platform for synthetic biology. BioJADE is a graphical design tool built in Java, utilizing a database back end, and supports a range of simulations using an XML communication protocol. BioJADE currently supports a library of over 100 parts with which it can compile designs into actual DNA, and then generate synthesis instructions to build the physical parts. The BioJADE project contributes several tools to Synthetic Biology. BioJADE in itself is a powerful tool for synthetic biology designers. Additionally, we developed and now make use of a centralized BioBricks repository, which enables the sharing of BioBrick components between researchers, and vastly reduces the barriers to entry for aspiring Synthetic Biologists. Thesis Supervisor: Thomas F. Knight Jr Title: Senior Research Scientist
Signal processing for high resolution pulse width modulation based digital-to-analogue conversion

This thesis investigates techniques for "digital power amplification" or the transfonning of a digital signal directly into analogue power with no intermediate low power digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) stage. As opposed to their analogue counterparts, it is possible for digital amplifiers to be compact, efficient, and highly linear. In particular, we consider the suitability of digital Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques for class D digital power amplification. Earlier work has shown that while offering certain advantages, 16 bit quality PWM was not practical to implement due to excessive modulator clock speed. Also, nonlinearities inherent to the modulation processes typically used often gave rise to high levels of distortion. We specifically focus on the application of DSP techniques intended to both facilitate hardware implementation and increase the performance of PWM based amplifiers. Oversampled Noise Shaping (ONS) is shown to make digital amplifiers more practical to realize in hardware. ONS networks are used to reduce the pulse width modulator's input signal wordlength (with negligible loss in baseband signal quality). This reduction in wordlength allows a corresponding reduction in modulator clock speed which is large enough to make a practical implementation possible. Particular attention is paid to the special design considerations for ONS networks used in conjunction with PWM. We also propose a new scheme to eliminate PWM distortion called "Pseudo Natural PWM" (PNPWM). It consists of a premodulation signal processing algorithm designed to eliminate the harmonic distortion generated by the uniform sampling PWM (UPWM) modulators typically proposed for use in digital amplifiers. The algorithm digitally approximates the sampling instants associated with the harmonic distortion free natural sampling PWM (NPWM) process. These sampling instants are applied to a conventional UPWM modulator to achieve near to distortion free NPWM performance (previously thought to be possible only in continuous time analogue systems).
[Health economic effects after DRG-implementation--a systematic overview].

BACKGROUND Since 1 January 2004, inpatient treatment services in German hospitals have been reimbursed using a prospective payment method based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) rather than daily rates. The aim of the payment system reform was to decrease the length of inpatient stays and reduce overall healthcare expenditure, the latter of which had increased markedly during previous decades. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of our study was to analyse and describe the health-economic consequences of implementing a DRG-based system of prospective payment in Germany. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was performed on MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria were a focus on health economic variables from the German perspective and a publication date after 1 January 2004. The search was supplemented by a manual review of references, as well as internet-based hand search. The main health-economic conclusions were subsequently extracted from all of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 19 quantitative and qualitative studies were included. There were substantial differences between them in terms of medical focus and hospital characteristics. The most common health-economic variables analysed were revenue generated by patient treatment, and length of inpatient stay. As expected, both variables showed a decreasing trend following the introduction of DRGs. The included studies also investigated the development of case numbers, the proportion of outpatient services provided, the number of diagnoses per case, and the homogeneity of case groups. For these variables, the studies showed a wide range of results. CONCLUSION Similar to the experience with DRGs in many other countries, the introduction of DRGs in Germany has led to a reduction in the length of inpatient stay and a decrease in hospital revenues. The effects on other health-economic parameters are inconsistent. Additional studies in this area are needed.
Explaining qualifications in audit reports using a support vector machine methodology: Research Articles

The verification of whether the financial statements of a firm represent its actual position is of major importance for auditors, who should provide a qualified report if they conclude that the financial statements fail to meet this requirement. This paper implements support vector machines (SVMs) to develop models that may support auditors in this task. Linear and non-linear models are developed and their performance is analysed using training samples of different size and out-of-sample/out-of-time data. The results show that all SVM models are capable of distinguishing between qualified and unqualified financial statements with satisfactory accuracy. The performance of the models over time is also explored. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local Motion-Adaptive Interpolation Technique

In this paper, we propose the local motion-adaptive interpolation technique which can be used in the codec using MCC-BMA (motion compensated coding-block matching algorithm) and the simple four-region segmentation algorithm. In addition, we propose the new BMA using integral projections to make it easy for real-time processing, and simulate the proposed local motion-adaptive interpolation techniques combined with the conventional three-step search algorithm and the fast BMA using integral projections.
Current mode analog-to-digital converters

Recent work on current mode ADCs (analog-to-digital converters) is reviewed. For comparison purposes, a brief look is taken at what has been achieved using some of the more popular voltage mode ADCs. Following this some of the reported current/voltage-mode and current-mode ADCs are discussed. Recent advances in current-mode ADCs are then reviewed to illustrate the performance that can presently be achieved using these techniques. <<ETX>>