Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Medication Errors by Nurses in Hospitals Affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Introduction: Medication error is one of the quality problems in hospitals harming millions of people around the world every year. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and reporting of medication errors by nurses in hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 530 nurses selected by simple and stratified random sampling in 2014. Data were collected using a survey consisting of four sections and 66 questions, scored based on a Likert scale (87% return rate). Data analysis was performed in SPSS Version 18 using descriptive statistics, ANOVA test, and chi-square test. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significance. Results: The most prevalent medication errors by nurses was early or late administration of medication (43.7%), which was attributed to individual factors by the managers in the viewpoint of the nurses (mean: 3.66+1.3). In addition, the occurrence of medication error might be due to the hospital ward patient overcrowding (4.29+1.07). No significant relationship was observed between the variables of medication error, the causes, and lack of error report with gender and nursing experience (P=0.6 and P=0.8, respectively). Conclusion: One of the effective methods for prevention of medication error is providing teaching courses for nurses to raise their knowledge in this regard and aware them of the outcomes of wrong medication prescription.
Combining signals by weighted least square error method for wireless communication networks

In this paper we presented weighted least square error method for signal combining for wireless communication in presence of unequal channels noise variance. The method has been commonly used for target tracking and in econometrics. System presented for signal combining by weighted least square error is a receiver with filters at each received branch for the error estimation (noise). The inverse of estimate of channels noise variance used as weights for signal combining to achieve wiener’s solution. The presented scheme of signal combining is particularly useful when wireless communication subject to unequal noise variance which is very common in present wireless communication systems. The performance of our scheme is shown by computer simulation in Gaussian, Rayleigh flat fading and frequrency selective wireless communication channel. The computer simulation performance of the system is about 10−3 bits at 8 dB SNR and about 10−4 at 16 dB SNR in wireless flat fading Raleigh channel with two receive antennas.
Airborne observations of far-infrared upwelling radiance in the Arctic

Abstract. The first airborne measurements of the Far-InfraRed Radiometer (FIRR) were performed in April 2015 during the panarctic NETCARE campaign. Vertical profiles of spectral upwelling radiance in the range 8–50 µm were measured in clear and cloudy conditions from the surface up to 6 km. The clear sky profiles highlight the strong dependence of radiative fluxes to the temperature inversion typical of the Arctic. Measurements acquired for total column water vapour from 1.5 to 10.5 mm also underline the sensitivity of the far-infrared greenhouse effect to specific humidity. The cloudy cases show that optically thin ice clouds increase the cooling rate of the atmosphere, making them important pieces of the Arctic energy balance. One such cloud exhibited a very complex spatial structure, characterized by large horizontal heterogeneities at the kilometre scale. This emphasizes the difficulty of obtaining representative cloud observations with airborne measurements but also points out how challenging it is to model polar clouds radiative effects. These radiance measurements were successfully compared to simulations, suggesting that state-of-the-art radiative transfer models are suited to study the cold and dry Arctic atmosphere. Although FIRR in situ performances compare well to its laboratory performances, complementary simulations show that upgrading the FIRR radiometric resolution would greatly increase its sensitivity to atmospheric and cloud properties. Improved instrument temperature stability in flight and expected technological progress should help meet this objective. The campaign overall highlights the potential for airborne far-infrared radiometry and constitutes a relevant reference for future similar studies dedicated to the Arctic and for the development of spaceborne instruments.
Women Are More at Risk of Poor Mental Health: Mental Health of Spanish Nurses Measured by the GHQ-12

Background: Mental health is one of the principal indicators of people’s quality of life. One of the professions most commonly associated with mental health problems is nursing. Objectives: We analyzed mental health in a group of female and male nurses from a hospital in Madrid (Spain) to evaluate whether differences exist between the groups. Furthermore, there is an analysis regarding whether the variables affecting mental health in female nurses are different from those affecting male nurses. Patients and Methods: The research is non-experimental, observational, with a cross sectional and descriptive analysis. The GHQ-12 instrument was chosen for the analysis of mental health in male and female nurses. The GHQ-12 has been validated in the Spanish population. Results: Male and female professional nurses scored worse in mental health than the population as a whole. Female nurses had worse scores than male nurses. Mental health in male nurses is related to age, self-perceived health, stress at work, and job satisfaction. The variables related to mental health in female nurses are stress at work and rest/sleep. Conclusions: The variables explaining the state of mental health in female and male nurses are different. The only variable in both regression equations is stress at work, and even then it has different magnitudes for male and female nurses. An awareness of possible quantitative and qualitative differences in the mental health of male and female nurses will contribute to the optimal design of more efficient, evidence-based treatments geared to improving the health of these professionals.
Induced Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement in Bulgaria

Experiemental mutagenesis has been investigated and applied in crop breeding in various Bulgarian agricultural research institutes during the last half century. In this paper some major accomplishments achieved in Bulgaria are highlighted. Both, physical mutagens (mainly gamma rays) and chemical mutagens (mainly EMS, NMU, NEU), have been used and their proper doses have been established. According to the information available to the author, there are more than 76 new cultivars developed using induced mutants in Bulgaria, namely: barley (5), wheat (5), durum wheat (9), maize (26), sunflower (3), lentil (4), bean (2), pea (1), chickpea and vetch (2), soybean (5), tomato (6), pepper (4), cotton (2), tobacco (2). Some of the mutant cultivars such as maize hybrid Kneja 509 and durum wheat cultivar Gergana have become leading cultivars occupying up to 50% of the growing area of the crop concerned. In durum wheat, mutant cultivars have not only covered almost all the growing areas but also doubled the yield in the past 30 years. The achievements in mutation breeding programmes have also had a significant impact on the progress of genetic research by elucidating the underlying mechanisms of induced mutations and the training of many young researchers and university students through their involvement in various research projects. A number of mutant lines with novel characteristics and mutant cultivars of economical importance together with relevant techniques used in the development and characterization of those mutant lines/cultivars are described in this paper.
Advances in smart grids - benefits on sharing background experiences from Portugal, Central Europe and Brazil

This paper presents ELECON Electricity Consumption Analysis to Promote Energy Efficiency Considering Demand Response and Non-technical Losses, an international research project that involves European and Brazilian partners. ELECON focuses on energy efficiency increasing through consumers’ active participation which is a key area for Europe and Brazil cooperation. The project aims at significantly contributing towards the successful implementation of smart grids, focussing on the use of new methods that allow the efficient use of distributed energy resources, namely distributed generation, storage and demand response. ELECON puts together researchers from seven European and Brazilian partners, with consolidated research background and evidencing complementary competences. ELECON involves institutions of 3 European countries (Portugal, Germany, and France) and 4 Brazilian institutions. The complementary background and experience of the European and Brazilian partners is of main relevance to ensure the capacities required to achieve the proposed goals. In fact, the European Union (EU) and Brazil have very different resources and approaches in what concerns this area. Having huge hydro and fossil resources, Brazil has not been putting emphasis on distributed renewable based electricity generation. On the contrary, EU has been doing huge investments in this area, taking into account environmental concerns and also the economic EU external dependence dictated by huge requirements of energy related products imports. Sharing these different backgrounds allows the project team to propose new methodologies able to efficiently address the new challenges of smart grids.
Is relative Si/Ca availability crucial to the performance of grassland ecosystems?

Species composition of grasslands and pastures is an important control on biomass production and ecological functioning, with a significant role of grasses and legumes. A change in composition of legumes/grasses abundance and biomass ratio results in altered nutrient cycling and composition of higher trophic-level communities (e.g., grazers). However, in addition to pasturing and fire effects, other parameters may also potentially affect grassland composition. Grasses are known as silicon (Si) accumulators and legumes as calcium (Ca) accumulators. We propose a new testable hypothesis, and a conceptual model, on the role of Si/Ca availability in controlling legume/grass dominance/competition in grassland systems. Based on available literature, we argue that Si/Ca availability is an important trigger for shifts in abundance of both plant families. The differential uptake of Si and Ca by legumes and grasses affects grassland biogeochemistry and microbial (fungal) biomass. In addition, altered litter stoichiometry, through impact of Ca and Si uptake on N, C, and P turnover, affects the decomposition processes.
Direction des Études et Synthèses Économiques G 2007 / 08 Collateral Value and Corporate Investment Evidence from the French Real Estate Market

This paper is an empirical study of the effect of shocks to firms' collateral, with a focus on land holdings. We find evidence that stand-alone French firms are credit constrained. They invest up to . 39€ more per extra euro of collateral, and they finance this additional investment by issuing more debt. This result is obtained by looking at the specific case of the Ile de France real estate bubble of the 90s, which we use as a natural experiment providing exogenous variations in land value. Consistent with the view of efficient internal capital markets, we find that the effect collateral on corporate investment is limited to stand-alone firms.
1 First draft Exploring Sardinian Longevity and its Association with Reproductive Behaviors and Infant Mortality

This paper aims at investigating the interaction between longevity and Fertility, and longevity and infant mortality. Research questions are: has fertility a protective effect on maternal survival at advanced ages? Have long-lived women been doubly favored, due to their lower fertility being distributed over a greater proportion of their fertility period? And, at the same time, is maternal longevity associated with lower infant mortality in her offspring? The wealth of information gathered in the AKeA2 survey, concerning family genealogies of the Sardinian centenarians and control groups have been used to study various hypotheses about longevity by applying a Logistic Regression Model and a Logistic Random-Intercept Model. As regards the first interaction, long-lived women having had the last child at advanced ages (e.g. 45 years or more) shows a protective effect on mother’s survival. With respect to the relationship between longevity and infant mortality, the most interesting result concerns the significantly lower mortality in the first year of life among children of
Changes in Rates of Measles Transmission and Force of Infection in Gweru City, Zimbabwe: A Retrospective Study

Introduction A study compared rates of measles transmission and force of infection in pre-vaccination era (1967), and at measles vaccine coverage rates of 50-80% (1978-84) and > 90% (1989). Using measles surveillance data cumulative proportions of measles cases by age were determined for the years 1967, 1978-89 (pooled) and 1989. From the cumulative curves estimates of the age dependent rate of infection with measles (force of infection) was determined for the years 1967, 1978-84 and 1989. Results In 1967 and 1978-84 some 75% of all measles cases occurred by age group 36-47 months while in 1989 this occurred by age group 72-83 months thus measles transmission was most rapid in 1967 and least rapid in 1989. Variation of force of infection between years 1967, 1978-84 and 1967 showed that force of infection was not significantly different between the years for age groups 24-35, 36-47 and 48-59 months. Meanwhile, the force of infection varied between the years in the rest of the age groups, with a significant reduction in force of infection over the years for age groups 90% most likely due to effect of herd immunity. From pre-vaccination era (1967) to vaccine coverage rates of > 90% (1989) there was a shift in force of infection from young age groups < 23 months to older age groups of 60-119 months most likely due to accumulation of susceptibles in these older age groups. Shift in force of infection to older age groups would have been responsible for the shift in age at infection to these older age groups.
Lipid-Lowering Effects of Hexane Fraction of Ivy Gourd (Coccinia grandis L. Voigt) Root in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Ivy gourd is an edible plant widely grown in the tropics. Its root has long been touted to possess anti-obesity property. In our previous study, the ethanolic extract of ivy gourd root exhibited anti-obesity action by potently inhibiting 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the same extract also revealed that its active principles are in the hexane fraction. Here, we investigate the anti-obesity effects of the hexane fraction of ivy gourd root extract (IGH) in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice and provide evidence of its underlying molecular mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD in the presence or absence of 2 % (w/w) dietary concentration of IGH for 4 weeks. Biochemical determinants of obesity were then measured in these animals. Consumption of IGH caused a decrease of serum triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations as well as hepatic TG and total cholesterol (TC) levels. An increase in fecal excretion of TG and TC along with a decrease in activity of hepatic lipogenesis-related enzymes including fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in the liver was also detected upon the intake of IGH. These results suggest that IGH may have the potential as an anti-hyperlipidemic agent for obesity prevention and/or management.
System for Executing Encrypted Native Programs

An important aspect of protecting software from attack, theft of algorithms, or illegal software use, is eliminating the possibility of performing reverse engineering. One common method to deal with these issues is code obfuscation. However, in most case it was shown to be ineffective. Code encryption is a much more effective means of defying reverse engineering, but it requires managing a secret key available to none but the permissible users. The authors propose a new and innovative solution. Critical functions in protected software are encrypted using well-known encryption algorithms. Following verification by external attestation, a thin hypervisor is used as the basis of an eco-system that manages just-in-time decryption, inside the CPU, where decrypted instructions are then executed and finally discarded, while keeping the secret key and the decrypted instructions absolutely safe. The paper presents and compares two methodologies that perform just-in-time decryption: in-place and buffered execution. The former being safer, while the latter boasts better performance.
Marketing of Indigenous Fruits: A Source of Income among Khasi Women of Meghalaya, North East India

Abstract The present research attempted to document the usage of important marketable indigenous fruits of Meghalaya, India and evaluated their role in addressing livelihood and food needs of the people of the state. Information on common marketable indigenous fruits were collected through informal interviews and market surveys conducted for a period of one year. Ten indigenous fruits were found to be widely sold in Iewduh, one of the largest open markets in the state. These fruits are available during different seasons of the year. Women are mostly involved in marketing and selling of these fruits, enabling them to generate additional cash income. The status of 5 out of 10 indigenous fruit trees were found to be wild, 3 semi-domesticated and 2 domesticated. Five fruits were found to have value addition, which is a way out to reduce the perishability rate of fruits. The study contributed towards knowledge based on indigenous plant resources and recommends measures for conservation and livelihood enhancement through value addition of this hitherto less researched bioresource of north-east India.
Theoretical investigation of thermoelectric properties of bulk and nano-scaled semiconductors

Even though thermoelectric effects have drawn more attention these days due to environmental and economic reasons, the efficiency of the thermoelectric technology is still limited by currently available thermoelectric materials. The priority aim in thermoelectric industry is to achieve a higher ZT, the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit. There are key thermoelectric properties determining the efficiency ZT: Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. This work mainly focuses on strategies to obtain higher ZT and will walk through each thermoelectric property calculation for bulk and nano-scaled semiconductors using Landauer and phonon Boltzmann transport approaches. As a reduction of thermal conductivity in nanoscale semiconductor wires has been reported for the last decade, scaling of semiconductor devices changes the way heat flows through a system due to a significant increase in boundary scattering. It will be well shown that the thermal conductivity of nanoscale semiconductors significantly decreases compared to that of bulk semiconductors. Considering an enhancement of ZT, a decrease in thermal conductivity is a significant issue in designing new devices while retaining electrical conductivity. Therefore, at the end, geometrically engineered semiconductor nanowires and superlattice nanowires will be investigated to show even more reduced phononic transport properties compared to the straight and pure semiconductor nanowires. These results will be expected to suggest prospective ideas to improve the current thermoelectric technology.
DO SUNSPOTS REFLECT CONSUMER CONFIDENCE? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

I examine a model with an indeterminate equilibrium in which business cycles are driven by sunspot shocks. I focus on the possibility that the sunspot shocks reflect consumer confidence. I compute an implied series of sunspot shocks using the intertemporal Euler equation and interpret them as changes in nonfundamental confidence. I then compute a measure of nonfundamental confidence using U.S. data and find a statistically significant correlation between the two series. I therefore conclude that the measured sunspots represent well the behavior of confidence in U.S. data.
Immunodetection of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the sera of different animal species

Knowledge regarding the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and the methods for the detection and quantitation of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) is greater for the human species than for other animal species. This is mainly because antibodies specifically raised against nonhuman IGFBPs are rarely commercially available. We aimed to investigate which of the antibodies directed against human IGFBPs could be used for the detection of IGFBPs present in other species. We used commercially available antibodies, raised against human IGFBP-1 through IGFBP-4, in order to recognize the corresponding IGFBPs in the sera of different animal species: human, bovine, equine, porcine, ovine, guinea pig, rat, and murine. Serum samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by western blotting, using 12 different polyclonal antibodies and antisera raised against IGFBPs as primary antibodies. Detection of IGFBP-1, -2, -3, and -4 in the sera of animals was achieved to a different extent depending on the primary anti-IGFBP antibodies used. The results of this article may be considered as an initial guide in the designing of experiments in which the detection of animal IGFBPs is required.
Inventory of Invasive Plant Species along the corridor of Kawah Ijen Nature Tourism Park, Banyuwangi, East Java

A field survey was conducted in November 2013 to inventory invasive plant species present along the corridor of Kawah Ijen Nature Tourism Park exploratively. Result showed that there were 11 plant species found abundantly along the corridor. Typical native species were dominated by Cyathea contaminans, Casuarina junghuhniana and Vaccinium varingiaefolium . Three species were determined as invasive alien species i.e. Chromolaena odorata, Acacia decurrens and Blumea lacera whereas five species were determined as native species but potential invaders i.e. R ubus moluccanus , Melastoma malabatrichum , Polygonum barbatum , Debregeasia longifolia and Pteridium aquilinum . In term of tourism particularly on nature-based destinations enable moving in and out of invasive alien species due to opening the access of some natural protected areas. The environmental impact of an alien species whether it becomes invasive at its destination depends on its biological key point, what ecological role the species may play, and on additional factors such as its tolerance of the gross features of the environment in the new range. Keyword: invasive plants, corridor, Kawah Ijen, Nature Tourism Park, Banyuwangi
Local and regional public management reforms in Switzerland

Public management reforms at the local (community) and regional (canton) level in Switzerland almost all embrace elements of the new public management. In addition, in Switzerland, the merging of small communities as well as new developments such as electronic government are becoming apparent. The new public management model has been adapted for Swiss needs according to the perception of decision makers on problems that require solution in a Swiss context. NPM has developed, therefore, into rather different models in practice, aimed at the solution of these diverse problems. Foreign examples, such as the Dutch Tilburg Model and the German Neues Steuerungsmodell, played a major role at the start of this process, but have continuously lost their influence as actual models to be emulated. The most outstanding peculiarities of the Swiss reforms are an early and subsequent outcome focus together with the strong influence of direct democracy.