Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retour visuel en aphasiologie : résultats comportementaux, acoustiques et en neuroimagerie

Les troubles articulatoires chez les patients aphasiques, bien que peu frequents par rapport aux troubles du langage, necessitent neanmoins une prise en charge adaptee. Si la reeducation des troubles du langage dispose de techniques de reeducation variees, en reeducation de la parole, les moyens sont limites etant donne la difficulte de visualisation des articulateurs de la parole dissimules dans la cavite orale. Le canal visuel est cependant tres utilise. Ainsi, le geste articulatoire est le plus souvent montre sur les levres ou il est bien visible. Il nous a paru interessant d’etudier une technique de retour visuel utilisee avec succes hors de nos frontieres pour pouvoir exploiter le potentiel de la lecture linguale c’est-a-dire permettre au patient de visualiser sa propre langue, afin d’ameliorer la connaissance articulatoire de son propre mouvement lingual. Nous avons etudie, au cours d’une etude preliminaire, l’effet d’une reeducation intensive par echographie. Des evaluations comportementales, acoustiques et en neuroimagerie centrees sur l’expression orale avaient lieu avant et apres reeducation afin de mesurer les progres du patient. La validation du protocole experimental utilise en IRM fonctionnelle a prealablement ete realisee sur une cohorte de sujets sains. Les analyses acoustiques ont montre une production plus canonique des voyelles /u/, /o/ et /a/ sur le plan du formant F2 apres reeducation par rapport au bilan en pre-reeducation et des consonnes voisees remplacees par leurs correspondants sourds avant reeducation. Le bilan orthophonique ne permet pas de constater de franche amelioration entre la session pre-reeducation et la session post-reeducation. Les resultats en neuroimagerie sont difficiles a interpreter. Nous ne pouvons donc juger de l’effet de la reeducation par retour visuel de la langue de facon positive pour le moment mais nous esperons valider cette technique par l’application a une cohorte de patients aphasiques non-fluents.
Real time disruption management under two factors disruptions in supply chain

This paper studies the coordination problem of a supply chain with one supplier and one retailer under market scale and production cost disruptions, where demand function is nonlinear. The optimal emergency strategies are obtained for different disruption conditions under the centralized mode. The result shows that the original production plan has some robustness, but the retailing price always needs to be adjusted according to the different disruptions in order to maximize supply chain profit. For the decentralized model, when market scale and production cost are disrupted by the emergent events, it is proved that the supply chain can be fully coordinated by adjusting the price discount policy: the all-unit quantity discount policy and the capacitated linear price policy.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEVEL OF FOOD SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AMONG FORM FOUR STUDENTS IN HULU LANGAT DISTRICT, SELANGOR

Background: Food safety protects consumers from risks of foodborne diseases and addresses the proper handling, preparing and storing of food. With foodborne diseases still remaining an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, food safety continues to be emphasized and enhancing consumer food safety knowledge and practice is one important measure to prevent foodborne diseases. Although there are efforts of food safety education in schools, there is still limited research regarding food safety knowledge and practice amongst consumers especially school students. Therefore, this research aims to determine the level and factors associated with food safety practice among form four students in Hulu Langat district, Selangor. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using multi-stage sampling was conducted involving 610 form four students from six secondary schools in Hulu Langat. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the students’ food safety knowledge scores. A cut-off point of 70% was used (scores above or below this are considered ‘Good’ or ‘Insufficient’ level of knowledge). Descriptive and analytical analysis was done using the SPSS version 22.0 Result: The level of food safety knowledge is insufficient for majority of the students (62.8%). Good food safety knowledge was higher among the Malays (40.8%), those in the Pure Science stream (44%), those with parents who are food handlers (51.3%) and those with a previous experience of food poisoning (40.7%). The level of food safety knowledge is significantly associated with ethnicity (p=0.03), academic stream (p=0.02), whether their parents are food handlers (p=0.03) and previous experience of food poisoning (p=0.01). Conclusion: Majority of the form four students had insufficient level of knowledge on food safety. Thus, there is a need to further improve their knowledge. Factors like racial differences, family and academic background should be taken into consideration when constructing educational interventions to improve the level of knowledge. Keywords: food safety knowledge, students, secondary schools
Socioeconomic status, education, and reproduction in modern women: An evolutionary perspective

Although associations between status or resources and reproduction are positive in premodern societies and also in men in modern societies, in modern women the associations are typically negative. We investigated how the association between socioeconomic status and reproductive output varies with the source of status and resources, the woman's education, and her age at reproductive onset (proxied by age at marriage). By using a large sample of US women, we examined the association between a woman's reproductive output and her own and her husband's income and education. Education, income, and age at marriage are negatively associated with a woman's number of children and increase her chances of childlessness. Among the most highly educated two‐thirds of the sample of women, husband's income predicts the number of children. The association between a woman's number of children and her husband's income turns from positive to negative when her education and age at marriage is low (even though her mean offspring number rises at the same time). The association between a woman's own income and her number of children is negative, regardless of education. Rather than maximizing the offspring number, these modern women seem to adjust investment in children based on their family size and resource availability. Striving for resources seems to be part of a modern female reproductive strategy—but, owing to costs of resource acquisition, especially higher education, it may lead to lower birthrates: a possible evolutionary explanation of the demographic transition, and a complement to the human capital theory of net reproductive output. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:578–587, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute biliary disease: initial CT and follow-up US versus initial US and follow-up CT.

PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of ultrasonography (US) versus that of computed tomography (CT) for assessment of acute biliary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiologic reports and clinical charts were reviewed in all patients who underwent US and CT within 48 hours of each other for evaluation of acute right upper quadrant pain. Radiologic findings and clinical outcome were correlated. RESULTS CT was the initial imaging study in 57 patients, and CT findings resulted in underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of acute biliary disease in eight of 11 patients. Follow-up US results were suggestive of the correct diagnosis and provided additional clinical information in seven of these eight patients. US findings resulted in altered clinical treatment in six of 11 patients with acute biliary disease. US was the initial study in 66 patients, and US findings were suggestive of biliary disease or the correct diagnosis in seven of seven patients with acute biliary disease. Follow-up CT did not result in changes in clinical treatment in any patient with acute biliary disease. CONCLUSION Initial US is better than initial CT in patients suspected of having acute biliary disease. Follow-up CT provides no additional information regarding the biliary system, and its use should be limited to those patients with a wider differential diagnosis or with confusing clinical symptoms and signs.
FORMIGAS LAVA-PÉS EM AMBIENTES URBANOS: BIOECOLOGIA E RISCO DE ACIDENTES

As formigas lava-pes, tambem conhecidas como formigas de fogo, pertencem ao genero Solenopsis e atualmente merecem destaque, pois sao consideradas pragas urbanas, devido aos prejuizos que provocam, bem como o risco que oferecem a saude publica e ao bem estar humano e dos animais domesticos. O meio urbano tem proporcionado abrigo e alimento abundantes para as formigas lava-pes, as quais tem prosperado nesse ambiente, principalmente devido a agressividade interespecifica e condicoes ambientais ideais, favorecendo seu sucesso em areas antropicas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo e apresentar uma revisao bioecologica destas formigas no ambiente urbano, e atentar para o potencial risco de acidentes por ferroadas. No ambiente urbano, seus ninhos sao comuns em gramados, areas pavimentadas, calcadas, jardins, pracas e quintais, e ate mesmo dentro de casas em caixas de fiacao eletrica e/ou aparelhos eletroeletronicos. O ninho e formado por um monte externo composto por terra fina (murundum) e por varias câmaras internas, no subsolo. Sao formigas generalistas oportunistas, se alimentando basicamente de insetos vivos ou mortos alem de carcacas e substâncias acucaradas. O comportamento defensivo e bem caracteristico para este genero, e imediatamente apos a perturbacao da colonia, centenas de individuos sobem sobre a vitima, se prendem na pele atraves de suas mandibulas, e ao mesmo tempo ferroam varias vezes, podendo injetar cerca de 10 μg de veneno. Em casos graves, no local da ferroada pode ocorrer uma infeccao secundaria, necrose, seguida de vomitos, choque anafilatico e ate mesmo a morte. O controle quimico (inseticidas/formicidas) ainda e o mais utilizado, porem mostra-se insuficiente para controlar toda a populacao, alem de serem substâncias nocivas ao meio ambiente. A utilizacao de inimigos naturais tem sido testada com resultados satisfatorios, porem as iscas toxicas sao as mais indicadas pois entram no ciclo alimentar da colonia e tem lenta absorcao. Em parte a ausencia de um metodo eficiente de controle se deve ao fato de que muitas das caracteristicas biologicas e ecologicas destas especies ainda nao estao suficientemente conhecidas. Nesse sentido faz-se necessario uma maior compreensao das caracteristicas bioecologicas das lava-pes, para que se possa estabelecer estrategias eficazes de controle, e assim reduzir os riscos de acidentes e contribuir para o bem-estar da populacao.
Accelerating Analytical Processing in MVCC using Fine-Granular High-Frequency Virtual Snapshotting

Efficient transaction management is a delicate task. As systems face transactions of inherently different types, ranging from point updates to long-running analytical queries, it is hard to satisfy their requirements with a single execution engine. Unfortunately, most systems rely on such a design that implements its parallelism using multi-version concurrency control. While MVCC parallelizes short-running OLTP transactions well, it struggles in the presence of mixed workloads containing long-running OLAP queries, as scans have to work their way through vast amounts of versioned data. To overcome this problem, we reintroduce the concept of hybrid processing and combine it with state-of-the-art MVCC: OLAP queries are outsourced to run on separate virtual snapshots while OLTP transactions run on the most recent version of the database. Inside both execution engines, we still apply MVCC. The most significant challenge of a hybrid approach is to generate the snapshots at a high frequency. Previous approaches heavily suffered from the high cost of snapshot creation. In our approach termed AnKer, we follow the current trend of co-designing underlying system components and the DBMS, to overcome the restrictions of the OS by introducing a custom system call vm_snapshot. It allows fine-granular snapshot creation that is orders of magnitudes faster than state-of-the-art approaches. Our experimental evaluation on an HTAP workload based on TPC-C transactions and OLAP queries show that our snapshotting mechanism is more than a factor of 100x faster than fork-based snapshotting and that the latency of OLAP queries is up to a factor of 4x lower than MVCC in a single execution engine. Besides, our approach enables a higher OLTP throughput than all state-of-the-art methods.
The Tower of London: A study of the effect of problem structure on planning

Only recently has there been any consideration of the influence of the problem structure on Tower of London task (TOL) performance. Not surprisingly, these few studies that have investigated this issue have found significant differences in the cognitive demands of individual TOL problems. Based on these previous findings, the aim of the current study was to further explore the effects of two problem characteristics on the planning process—namely, goal hierarchy and the number of optimal solution paths. A number of performance measures when solving six-move problems were examined, including preplanning time, movement time, and accuracy. Analysis of the preplanning time revealed that it was significantly affected by goal hierarchy but not the number of solution paths. The individual movement times, however, revealed effects for both goal hierarchy and the number of optimal solution paths. The number of paths only affected movement times at specific moves: those corresponding to the initiation of a subgoal chunk. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of preplanning on subsequent performance. The present study also suggests that greater care be taken in the selection of TOL problems.
Oral naltrexone to enhance analgesia in patients receiving continuous intrathecal morphine for chronic pain: a randomized, double-blind, prospective pilot study.

BACKGROUND Years' worth of observations suggest that morphine has both inhibitory and excitatory actions, and that selective blockade of excitatory effects by low doses of opioid antagonists (e.g., naltrexone) may paradoxically enhance morphine analgesia. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of two different low doses of oral naltrexone given in addition to chronic intrathecal morphine infusions in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP). METHODS After institutional review board approval, 15 patients with CNMP receiving continuous intrathecal morphine were admitted into a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, seven-day pilot study. Patients were randomized into three treatment groups based on oral naltrexone dose: 100 microg (Group A, n = 3), 10 microg (Group B, n = 7), or placebo (Group C, n = 5). All patients continued with their constant intrathecal morphine infusion, and in addition they received one capsule of study medication every 12 hours for seven days. Other analgesics or coanalgesics were kept at a constant dose level throughout the study. Patients rated pain scores (visual analogue score [VAS]; 0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable) and side effects three times daily throughout the study period. Efficacy measures included pain intensity difference (PID) scores, constructed so that positive scores indicate a reduction in pain intensity and negative scores indicate a worsening of pain. RESULTS Fifteen patients (six male, nine female) with a mean (SD) age of 55 (10) years and weight of 81 (21) kg completed the study. The mean (SD) baseline VAS pain intensity rating was similar in all three groups (6.8 [1.5]). Baseline pain VAS score minus the lowest daily pain VAS score yielded the peak PID score. The peak PID score from Day 1 was statistically (p < 0.05) highest (median PID score: 5.9) in Group A compared with Group C. There was a trend in PID scores across Days 2 through 7, with median PID scores higher (i.e., greater pain relief p = 0.07) in Group A. In the daily global pain assessments, the pain scores across Days 2 through 7 approached significance (least pain) in Group A compared to Group C (p = 0.07) or B (p = 0.08). Side effects were common (93 percent of patients), minor (headache, nausea, sedation, dry mouth), and similar across treatment groups. No serious adverse events were observed, and no evidence of opioid withdrawal was seen. CONCLUSIONS 1) Patients with chronic pain who received oral naltrexone 100 microg BID in addition to their chronic intrathecal morphine infusions demonstrated the greatest improvement (p = 0.07) in their daily pain scores. Because of the small sample size, the results did not reach traditional levels of significance. 2) Side effects were common, minor, and similar across treatment groups. 3) No serious adverse events were recorded. 4) No evidence of opioid antagonist toxicity or opioid withdrawal was observed.
Saddlebags: A software interface for submitting full‐length HLA allele sequences to the EMBL‐ENA nucleotide database

Submission of full‐length HLA allele sequences presents a unique challenge, both for high‐throughput sequencing laboratories and smaller diagnostic laboratories. HLA's extensive polymorphism means that accurate representation and annotation of allele sequence is of critical importance, and curators of nucleotide databases must establish submission formats to ensure high‐quality data and prevent ambiguities. The IPD‐IMGT/HLA database is established as the standard repository for HLA sequences, and it is a major goal of the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop to fill the IPD‐IMGT/HLA database with full‐length HLA sequences. The process of preparing sequence annotation and metadata is cumbersome and error prone, and it is desirable to create a straightforward and concise method of preparing sequence submissions. We introduce Saddlebags, a software tool for rapid generation of HLA (novel) full‐length allele sequence submissions. HLA allele sequences are submitted first to EMBL European Nucleotide Archive (EMBL‐ENA), and metadata is gathered for subsequent preparation of an IPD‐IMGT/HLA formatted submission. Combining these steps into a pipeline reduces effort and minimizes errors for submitting laboratories. This software has been used by Maastricht University Medical Center Transplantation Immunology Laboratory to submit 79 novel alleles to EMBL‐ENA, and the tool is freely available for the HLA community.
Finding Small Equivalent Decision Trees is Hard

Two decision trees are called decision equivalent if they represent the same function, i.e., they yield the same result for every possible input. We prove that given a decision tree and a number, to decide if there is a decision equivalent decision tree of size at most that number is NP-complete. As a consequence, finding a decision tree of minimal size that is decision equivalent to a given decision tree is an NP-hard problem. This result differs from the well-known result of NP-hardness of finding a decision tree of minimal size that is consistent with a given training set. Instead our result is a basic result for decision trees, apart from the setting of inductive inference. On the other hand, this result differs from similar results for BDDs and OBDDs: since in decision trees no sharing is allowed, the notion of decision tree size is essentially different from BDD size.
Wearable Photoplethysmography Device for Telemetric Monitoring of Pulse Wave Parameters

At present efficient training requires a complex approach incorporating the control of the exercise intensity and observation of athlete physiological variables. The heart rate monitoring during training session has become a common procedure, while more extensive investigation requires expensive technology and experienced personnel. Photoplethysmography (PPG) may be one of the potentially promising, simple and inexpensive techniques for acquisition of physiological parameters related to cardiac and arterial-hemodynamic activity. The aim of the current study is development end evaluation of a digital, multisensing photo diode technology based PPG device for telemetric monitoring of pulse wave parameters. Six young and healthy volunteers (21-23 y.o.) participated in this study. PPG signal has been recorded from the skin over the temporal artery in rest conditions, during veloergometry test and recovery period. The data has been processed and statistically analyzed with custom developed PPG waveform analyses software, providing information on PPG waveform related parameters, such as systolic peak time, relative amplitude, pulse duration, time to maximal ejection velocity,
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Dilated Cardiomyopathy after the DANISH-Trial Lesson. A Poly-Parametric Risk Evaluation Is Needed to Improve the Selection of Patients

Citation: Disertori M, Masè M, Rigoni M, Nollo G, Arbustini E and Ravelli F (2017) Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Dilated Cardiomyopathy after the DANISH-Trial Lesson. A Poly-Parametric Risk Evaluation Is Needed to Improve the Selection of Patients. Front. Physiol. 8:873. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017. 00873 Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Dilated Cardiomyopathy after the DANISH-Trial Lesson. A Poly-Parametric Risk Evaluation Is Needed to Improve the Selection of Patients
A randomized controlled trial of a peer support intervention targeting antiretroviral medication adherence and depressive symptomatology in HIV-positive men and women.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a peer-led social support intervention involving support groups and telephone contacts compared with standard clinical care to enhance antiretroviral medication adherence. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with follow-up. Participants were 136 HIV-positive indigent mainly African American and Puerto Rican men and women recruited from an outpatient clinic in the Bronx, New York. The 3-month intervention was delivered by other HIV-positive clinic patients trained in addressing barriers to adherence and sensitively providing appraisal, spiritual, emotional, and informational adherence-related social support. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Medical chart-abstracted HIV-1 RNA viral load, antiretroviral adherence according to electronic drug monitoring and participant self-report, and social support and depressive symptomatology. All assessments conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS Intent-to-treat and as-treated analyses indicated no between-conditions intervention effects on the primary outcome of HIV-1 RNA viral load or any of the secondary outcomes at immediate postintervention or follow-up. Post hoc analyses within the intervention condition indicated greater intervention exposure was associated with higher self-reported adherence, higher social support, and lower depressive symptomatology at follow-up, even after controlling for baseline adherence. CONCLUSION Null findings, consistent with the limited literature on efficacious highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence interventions, may be due to insufficient exposure to the intervention, its low intensity, or the nature of the sample-a heterogeneous HAART-experienced group of patients with high levels of substance use and multiple other competing stressors. Overall, findings highlight the need for more comprehensive and intensive efforts to battle nonadherence.