Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The ultrastructure of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cultivated in broth on glass and plastic surfaces was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The organisms grew as filaments, which by over-crossing eventually formed a dense network on the surface and in colonies composed mainly of rounded and elongated forms. The filaments were usually thinner at the ends and terminated with a knob-like structure. Some filaments possessed short ramifications which also ended with a knob, and others showed constrictions. Sectioned organisms were seen to contain ribosome-like structures. Many organisms had a specialized structure at their thinner end, which consisted of a dense rod surrounded by electron-lucent cytoplasm and ending with a platelike thickening.
Developing Sustainability Mobility Controls: The Case of Four Belgian Local Governments

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper explores the links between management controls, strategy, and sustainability in the context of the public sector. Institutional theory is used as a theoretical lens to explore how institutional influences enable or constrain the development of management controls in Belgian local governments, particularly those pertaining to sustainability mobility strategies. Research method: An exploratory case study method was used for the purposes of this study. Further, the package of mobility controls developed by Belgian local governments is explored with reference to the model proposed by Malmi and Brown (2008). The case study utilised semi-structured interviews with mobility managers in four Belgian local governments. To strengthen the analysis, secondary data from these local governments, including reports on mobility, strategy, urban development and infrastructure, were collected and analysed. Findings: The four Belgian local governments plan, implement, and control their sustainability mobility strategies differently, depending on their specific practices and routines, and the interactions between relevant actors. Even if sustainability is a strategic component of their urban development, the understanding of the link between sustainability, management controls, and mobility strategy differs according to local government challenges. Institutional influences are both enabling and constraining the development of management controls in support of sustainability mobility strategies in local governments. More specifically, political support and regulations enable control planning. However, limits in the support of mobility actors, and weak decision power for mobility managers, constrain the monitoring and updating of control indicators. Contribution/implications: This paper contributes to the literature by exploring both institutional enablers and constraints on the development of management controls for sustainability in the public-sector context. More specifically, it explores how practices, routines, and interactions can enable or constrain the potential contribution of management controls to sustainability transitions of local governments.
Pro-social and problematic social network influences on HIV/AIDS risk behaviours among newly homeless youth in Los Angeles

Abstract We examined the social network composition among newly homeless youth over time and assessed how pro-social and problematic peers affected sexual and drug-using HIV/AIDS risk-behaviours among 183 youth in Los Angeles County, California. The percentage of newly homeless youth who reported that ‘most’ or ‘all’ of their friends were attending school, had jobs, and got along with their families was 73%, 24%, and 50% respectively. Logistic regression models indicated that presence of these pro-social peers reduced HIV risk behaviours at two years; odds of HIV-risk were lower with a greater number of peers who attend school, have a job, or have positive family relationships or if networks change over time to include more of these peers. Presence of problematic peers increased the likelihood of HIV risk-taking; odds of HIV risk behaviours increased with a greater number of peers at baseline who steal, have overdosed, have been arrested, or are in a gang, or if networks change to include more of these peers. Interventions should target newly homeless youth in networks that contain problematic peers, but should strive to harness the naturally occurring pro-social peer influences present in these networks.
Comparison of functional network integrity in TBI and orthopedic controlpatientsusing graph-theoretical analysis

The integrity of functional brain networks inpatients (n=12) diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) was compared to age-matched subjects (n=12) with orthopedic injury (OI) during a working memory task. A graph-theoretical analysis algorithm was developed and integrated into the AFNI software. Functional networks with correlations between time courses as edge-weights were automatically created and their integrity was quantified by determining the statistical significance of the following network parameters: diameter, density, clustering coefficient, average path length, two largest eigenvalues, spectral density, and minimum eccentricity. Network graphs using a spring-embedded layout (Cytoscape) and a 3D layout integrated into the anatomical space (Paraview) were created. Functional images were composed by color-coding the degree of each voxel (network node) and transformed into Talairach space. Using the AFNI Talairach atlas, degrees of distinct brain regions were quantified. Reduced averaged BOLD responses were found for the TBI group with a higher network integrity potentially as a compensatory mechanism. Regions of high functional connectivity varied in between groups with largest differences in the cerebellum, the temporal lobes and deep brain structures including the lentiform nucleus, caudate and thalamus.
A Borel reductibility theory for classes of countable structures

Abstract We introduce a reducibility preordering between classes of countable structures, each class containing only structures of a given similarity type (which is allowed to vary from class to class). Though we sometimes work in a slightly larger context, we are principally concerned with the case where each class is an invariant Borel class (i.e. the class of all models, with underlying set = ω, of an Lω1ω sentence; from this point of view, the reducibility can be thought of as a (rather weak) sort of Lω1ω-interpretability notion). We prove a number of general results about this notion, but our main thrust is to situate various mathematically natural classes with respect to the preordering, most notably classes of algebraic structures such as groups and fields.
Slow‐to‐fast transformation of denervated soleus muscles by chronic high‐frequency stimulation in the rat.

1. Adult soleus muscles were denervated and stimulated directly for 2‐130 days with ‘fast’ (short pulse trains at 100 Hz) or 'slow’ (continuously at 10 Hz, or long pulse trains at 15 Hz) stimulus patterns. 2. At the end of the period of stimulation isometric twitches and tetani and isotonic shortening velocities were measured. Frozen cross‐sections were later examined with antibodies against myosin heavy chains specific for adult fast, adult slow and fetal myosin. 3. Isometric twitch duration (twitch time‐to‐peak and half‐relaxation time) decreased during intermittent 100 Hz stimulation to values that were almost as fast as in the normal extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (95 and 94% transformation). The major part of the decrease occurred between 2 and 21 days after the onset of stimulation, and was accompanied by post‐tetanic potentiation of the twitch, 'sag’ in tension during an unfused tetanus, lower twitch/tetanus ratio and marked shifts to the right (higher frequencies) of the tension‐frequency curve of the muscle. In contrast, during 10 or 15 Hz stimulation the isometric twitch duration remained slow, the twitch continued to show post‐tetanic depression and absence of ‘sag’, while the twitch/tetanus ratio increased. 4. Denervation per se led to a slight increase and, then, after about a month, to a moderate and gradual decrease in twitch duration. The twitch/tetanus ratio increased markedly and post‐tetanic depression became less pronounced or disappeared. Muscle weight and particularly tetanic tension were markedly reduced and these reductions were to a large extent counteracted by electrical stimulation. 5. Implantation of sham electrodes had no effect on twitch duration of denervated or innervated control muscles, but reduced tetanic tension in the innervated control muscles. 6. Maximum isotonic shortening velocity of the whole muscle (mm/s) increased during intermittent 100 Hz stimulation to a value as fast as in the normal EDL (110% transformation). Since the muscle fibres also increased in length (35%) maximum intrinsic shortening velocity (fibre lengths/s) was only incompletely transformed (55%). The increase in Vmax occurred between 7 and 14 days after the onset of stimulation. 7. All the fibres stimulated intermittently at 100 Hz were strongly labelled with anti‐fast myosin and more than 90% were in addition weakly labelled by anti‐slow myosin. Weak and variable labelling with anti‐fast myosin was first detected 7 days after the onset of stimulation. In contrast, essentially all the fibres stimulated at 10 or 15 Hz showed no binding of anti‐fast but strong binding of anti‐slow myosin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dendritic cell‐derived interferon‐γ‐induced protein mediates tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulation of human lung fibroblasts

Lung fibroblast plays a pivotal role in lung repair and remodeling, and also contributes to lung inflammation. The present study investigated differential protein profiling of normal human lung fibroblasts stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Total proteins from lung fibroblasts were separated by 2‐DE, and differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. TNF‐α was found for the first time to alter the expression levels of myxovirus resistance protein A, interferon‐stimulated gene 15, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐2, lysyl hydroxylase 2 (isoform a), and prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (α subunit) in human lung fibroblasts. In particular, dendritic cell‐derived interferon‐γ‐induced protein (DCIP) was upregulated by TNF‐α in lung fibroblasts and its biological function is at present unknown. We found that TNF‐α‐induced DCIP expression was dependent on the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor‐1. DCIP‐selective antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited the expression of TNF‐α‐responsive gene targets including vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8, IP‐10, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. In a lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury mouse model, DCIP mRNA level was elevated together with that of TNF‐α. We have demonstrated for the first time that DCIP is upregulated by TNF‐α and also mediates TNF‐α stimulation of human lung fibroblasts. Further studies on the role of DCIP in airway inflammation and remodeling are warranted.
The molecular makeup and function of regulatory and effector synapses

Summary: Physical interactions between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) form the basis of any specific immune response. Upon cognate contacts, a multimolecular assembly of receptors and adhesion molecules on both cells is created, termed the immunological synapse (IS). Very diverse structures of ISs have been described, yet the functional importance for T‐cell differentiation is largely unclear. Here we discuss the principal structure and function of ISs. We then focus on two characteristic T‐cell–APC pairs, namely T cells contacting dendritic cells (DCs) or naive B cells, for which extremely different patterns of the IS have been observed as well as fundamentally different effects on the function of the activated T cells. We provide a model on how differences in signaling and the involvement of adhesion molecules might lead to diverse interaction kinetics and, eventually, diverse T‐cell differentiation. We hypothesize that the preferred activation of the adhesion molecule leukocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) and of the negative regulator for T‐cell activation, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4), through contact with naive B cells, lead to prolonged cell–cell contacts and the generation of T cells with regulatory capacity. In contrast, DCs might have evolved mechanisms to avoid LFA‐1 overactivation and CTLA‐4 triggering, thereby promoting more dynamic contacts that lead to the preferential generation of effector cells.
Impact of Leadership Education on Perceptions of Job Readiness in Undergraduate students

Based on previous findings from employers, undergraduate students, and universities regarding workforce readiness, action is needed to improve students’ knowledge and skills in areas such as professionalism, communication, problem solving, and leadership. The increase in undergraduate leadership education curricula and programs over the past few decades has been significant. While research has been done on the relationship between leadership education and specific knowledge and skillsets, further research is needed on the impact of leadership education on perceived job readiness. This paper outlines the purpose, background, methodology, and findings of an action research study on the relationship between leadership education and job readiness. A review of the literature is provided that explores: (a) leadership education including the evolution of leadership, types of leadership education, and undergraduate leadership programs; (b) job readiness discussing employer and student perceived job readiness; (c) university response to job readiness; and (d) how to assess job readiness. The first research question asked, “How does leadership education impact perceptions of job readiness in undergraduate students? ” The second research question added, “How does leadership education impact perceptions of job readiness in diverse undergraduate student populations? ” The methodology utilized for the qualitative action research was an exploratory case study design. Based on the coding results, seven themes emerged as having significant connections in relationship to the research questions. The findings of this study indicate that there are important components of leadership education that may
The induction of hepatic somatotrophic receptors after birth in sheep is dependent on parturition-associated mechanisms.

While the GH receptor (GHR) plays a key role during adult life, its role during fetal development is not well understood. Recent data suggest that GHRs are present in ovine fetal hepatic tissue at mid-gestation. However, the levels of GHR expression are markedly lower in fetal hepatic tissue in comparison with postnatal values. The present study investigates whether the neonatal induction of the hepatic GHR and plasma levels of IGF-I follow a pattern of strictly age-related development or whether birth-associated processes stimulate this increase. Stereotaxic electrolytic lesioning of the fetal paraventricular nuclei was employed to prolong gestation markedly. We compared the hepatic binding of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) and oGH and plasma levels of IGF-I in these post-mature fetuses with those in pre-term fetuses, pregnant mothers and lambs which were of the same conceptional age as the post-mature fetuses. While specific binding of both 125I-labelled oGH and 125I-labelled oPL to hepatic microsomal membranes was fully reversible in all groups, the specific binding of 125I-labelled oGH was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than specific binding of 125I-labelled oPL in all groups of animals. There was no difference in specific 125I-labelled oGH or 125I-labelled oPL binding in livers or plasma levels of IGF-I in post-mature fetuses in comparison with pre-term fetuses. In contrast, a major increase (P < 0.001) in 125I-labelled oGH and 125I-labelled oPL binding and plasma IGF-I levels was observed in lambs. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of CL316,243, a beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, and intravesical prostaglandin E2 on the primary bladder afferent activity of the rat.

AIMS It has been suggested that beta(3)-adrenoceptor (beta(3)-AR) agonists affect not only the efferent but also the afferent pathways innervating the bladder. In addition, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) causes bladder hyperactivity in conscious rats. We investigated the direct effects of a beta(3)-AR agonist (CL316,243; CL) and PGE(2) on single fiber activities of the primary bladder afferent nerves. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Under urethane anesthesia, a single nerve fiber primarily originating from the bladder was identified by electrical stimulation of the left pelvic nerve and by bladder distention, and was divided by conduction velocity (2.5 m/sec) as A delta-fiber or C-fiber. The afferent activity measurements with constant bladder filling were repeated three times and the third measurement served as the base-line observation. Then, CL (10 microg/kg) or its vehicle was administrated intravenously. Thereafter, 10(-4) M of PGE(2) or saline was instilled intravesically and another three cycles recorded. RESULTS Forty-three single afferent fibers (A delta-fibers: n = 20, C-fibers: n = 23) were isolated from 34 rats. Intravenous administration of CL, but not vehicle, significantly decreased A delta-fiber, but not C-fiber, activities in response to bladder filling with saline. Intravesical instillation of PGE(2) significantly increased C-fiber activities, but not A delta-fiber activities. The PGE(2)-induced increase in C-fiber activities was inhibited by pretreatment with CL. CONCLUSIONS The present results clearly demonstrate that the beta(3)-AR agonist, CL316,243, can inhibit the mechanosensitive A delta-fibers, but not the C-fibers, of the primary bladder afferents of the rat. In addition, the beta(3)-AR agonist can inhibit PGE(2)-induced C-fiber hyperactivity.
Sentiment Analysis : A key factor in Social Media

Reviews play a crucial role in determining the growth of the product. At present, analyzing people‟s review from social networking site is in trend as people now-a-days are interested more in knowing other person‟s opinion about any particular object or issue. It deals with finding the opinion, identifying them and classifying opinion and the sentiment behind them from text. It is a field in which people are finding more interest, but at the same time it is very complex to analyze the sentiments as people can have different opinion about an entity at different situations. Facebook, Yahoo, Twitter are such social sites, which provide large number of reviews on a particular object. These reviews play an important role in the marketing of a particular product. These reviews can change the market either in the favor of the product or downgrade the rating of that product. Reviews are the base of creating positive, negative or neutral wave in the market about any particular product, which in a way making it easy for both consumers and sellers of the product to understand each other‟s need. In this paper, we are focusing on sentiment analysis of data in the form of tweets on different issues collected from Twitter.
Using Participant Similarity for the Classification of Epidemiological Data on Hepatic Steatosis

Clinical decision support relies on the findings of epidemiological (longitudinal and cross-sectional) studies on predictive features and risk factors for diseases. Such features flow into the diagnostic procedures. Personalized medicine, which aims to optimize clinical decision making by taking individual characteristics of the patients into account, relies on the findings of epidemiology on groups of cohort participants that have common risk factors and exhibit the outcome under study. The identification of such groups requires modeling and exploiting similarity among individuals described through medical tests. In this work, we study how similarity measures for complex objects contribute to class separation for a multifactorial disorder. We present a data preparation, partitioning and classification workflow on cohort participants for the disorder "hepatic steatosis", and report on our findings on classifier performance and identified important features.
Why African Companies Are Absent on the Bond Market? An Explanation through Companies Listed on the BRVM

This research provides some answers to the question of the limited presence of African companies in the bond markets. Indeed, from a sample of companies listed on the BRVM and panel models tested by the Generalized Moment Method (GMM) developed by Blundell and Bond [1], we study the behavior of the variables usually retained in the work on the determinants of bond issues. We show that the reputation, renegotiability and maturity of the debt, as well as the level of wealth created, determine the debt behavior of companies. Also, any financing strategy by bond issues should take into account these determinants.
Three-Dimensional Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography Used as a “One-stop Shop” Imaging Procedure for Venous Thromboembolism: A Pilot Study

Pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis are individual manifestations of a single entity, venous thromboembolic disease. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of 3-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography used as an “one-stop shop” imaging procedure visualizing both the pulmonary arteries and the deep lower venous system within a single investigation. The inclusion criterion was a proven or excluded venous thromboembolism. Diagnosis was based on an imaging work-up for pulmonary embolism including either perfusion lung scan or contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography, or both, and an imaging work-up for deep venous thrombosis including either venous color-coded duplex sonography or ascending phlebography, or both. A gadolinium-enhanced “one-stop shop” magnetic resonance angiography was performed within 24 hours of completed diagnostic imaging work-up for pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in 20 patients. Results of pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography were concordant with perfusion lung scan and/or computed tomography in 90% of patients. Magnetic resonance angiography results of the deep lower venous system were concordant with venous duplex sonography and/or phlebography in 75% of patients and seemed to be more precise in 25% of patients. The “one-stop shop” imaging procedure using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography was feasible and proved to offer a reliable and rapid diagnostic approach in thromboembolic disease, sparing patients’ exposure to ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast media.