Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Results of Smoking in Pregnancy : The Genotoxic Effect of Nicotine or why Cigarette should not be Smoked in Pregnancy ?

Smoking in women is a rapidly growing and serious public health problem worldwide. All tobacco products contain toxicants, so smoking increases risk for disease. Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for numerous disorders, including cancers affecting organs outside the respiratory tract. Nicotine readily crosses the placenta and the fetuses of mothers who smoke are exposed to relatively higher nicotine concentrations than their mothers. Cigarette abuse during pregnancy increases maternal health risks as well as mental and physical problems for the fetus, contributing to multiple adverse outcomes such as preterm delivery and stillbirth. Recent studies have suggested a direct contribution of nicotine the addictive component of tobacco and tobacco smoke to human carcinogenesis, and it remains the most common harmful substance to which pregnant women are exposed. Also, it has deleterious effects on the fetus. The newborns of smoking mothers have elevated frequencies of chromosome translocations and DNA strand breaks. It is known that cigarette smoking has genotoxic effects and causes mutations. The toxic substances from cigarette smoke induce structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in vitro and could potentially increase levels of aneuploidy in the fetus. Moreover, increased levels of aneusomy in fetus are correlated with low implantation rates, spontaneous abortions and fetal losses. Due to the harmful effects of cigarette, pregnancy is one of the ideal times to quit smoking. Because, mothers should repeatedly be awared about the harmful effects of cigarette on their baby health and that the pregnancy period is perfect time to quit smoking for having a healthy baby. It is up to you.
In situ deprotection: a method for covalent immobilization of peptides with well-defined orientation for use in solid phase immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The orientation of an immobilized antigen is important for recognition by, e.g., an antibody. When noncovalent passive adsorption is used for immobilization, the number of ways that the antigen can attach to the surface is numerous and control of how the antigen orientates on the surface is limited. Covalent immobilization restricts the number of the ways that the antigen can be immobilized to the number of reactive groups on the antigen and, hence, the orientation of the immobilized antigen is more predictable. Peptide antigens were synthesized and purified with protection groups on the lysine and cysteine side chains. These peptides, which have only one good nucleophilic group (the N-terminal alpha-amino group), were immobilized covalently in microtiter plates supplied with tresyl groups on the surface and the protection groups were cleaved off in situ after immobilization. The controlled orientation of these peptides resulted in enhanced recognition by antibodies in general. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against a peptide derived from outer surface protein C from Borrelia burgdorferi, found in Lyme borreliosis patients, was established using this strategy. Lyme borreliosis suspect patient sera showed up to a 10-fold increase in the signal when the orientation of the peptide antigen was controlled by the in situ deprotection strategy.
Design of electromagnetically coupled corner-series-fed antenna arrays with the application for 24 GHz doppler sensors

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and design of electromagnetically coupled corner-series-fed antenna arrays. A theoretical modeling approach is used to estimate the required coupling level and the amplitude distribution across the radiating elements. The 4x1 antenna array has been designed with the use of Arlon copper- cladded foam, manufactured and measured. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the calculated ones and confirm the usefulness of the proposed design method. The designed antenna is suitable for operation in 24 GHz motion Doppler sensors; moreover, it can be used as a subarray of larger antenna arrays.
An overview of Biomechanical Pulping Research: Chapter 10

Although many microorganisms are involved in the decomposition of wood, fungi are the dominant decomposers in terrestrial systems. In nature, successions of different microbes, crucial to proper ecosystem functioning, recycle organic material. Because wood is composed of many different complex compounds, fungi use an array of processes to degrade woody tissues. The color and texture of the resulting wood is often used to categorize different forms of decay. The three main groups of decay caused by fungi are white-, brown-, and soft-rot. White-rot fungi are of prime interest for use in various industrial processes utilizing lignocellulose because of their ability to degrade lignin. Most white-rot fungi degrade cellulose and hemicellulose in addition to lignin (Blanchette, 1991; Daniel, 1994; Eriksson et al., 1990). However, there is substantial variability, both among species and within strains of a species, in the amount and the sequence of each cell wall component that is degraded. Some white-rot fungi preferentially degrade lignin and some hemicellulose but do not remove very much cellulose (Blanchette, 1991). Fungi with the capacity to selectively degrade lignin may be utilized for a wide variety of applications: delignification of wood, straw, and other lignocellulosic materials, increasing their digestibility for use by ruminant animals: biopulping processes; and biobleaching and bioremediation of recalcitrant environmental pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) and dioxins (Blanchette, 1995; Eriksson et al., 1990; Kirk et al., 1993; Messner and Srebotnik, 1994). Technological advances in biological processing with white-rot fungi are already occurring and will undoubtedly become more common in the future.
Nuevos métodos fotométricos y cromatográficos para la determinación de colorantes rojos en alimentos

En esta memoria se han optimizado metodos espectrofotometricos que basados en el tratamiento matematico de los espectros en el visible mediante programas informaticos, han permitido de manera raaida, sensible y precisa, la determinacion de diversos colorantes rojos usados en la industria alimentaria en diferentes mezclas binarias y ternarias. Para la determinacion de cuatro colorantes (dos rojos y dos amarillos) en mezcla cuaternarias, que realizo previamente una extraccion liquido-liquido, y se aplican los metodos propuestos para la resolucion de mezclas binarias a la determinacion de estos compuestos en cada una de las fases. Se establecen finalmente metodos para la determinacion de colorantes en mezclas mas complejas (seis colorantes, rojos y naranjas) mediante cromatografia en fase reversa con modalidad de gradiente y deteccion visible, utilizando dos modalidades diferentes: formacion de pares ionicos y supresion de la solubilidad. Los metodos espectrofotometricos y cromatograficos se aplicaron al analisis de diferentes productos alimenticios.
The International Foundation for Dermatology: an exemplar of the increasingly diverse activities of the International League of Dermatological Societies

The International Foundation of Dermatology (IFD) was established by the International League of Dermatology Societies to promote the care of skin disease in the developing world. Starting from an initial base of the Regional Dermatology Training Centre in Tanzania it has successfully trained a cadre of clinical officers and dermatology residents from different African countries. It has now broadened this approach to an assessment of the effectiveness of focused training in Mali. The IFD is also completing a global assessment of dermatological needs in developing countries with a view to establishing guidelines and programmes for the control of common skin diseases. An ongoing strategy has been to work with other agencies to help ease the burden of other endemic tropical diseases that affect the skin; preventing the development of elephantiasis in filarial lymphoedema has been one such project implemented through a programme of skin hygiene.
Morphogenetic movements during the early development of the chick eye. An ultrastructural and spatial reconstructive study. B. Invagination of the optic vesicle and fusion of its walls.

Cell death as occurring in the developing optic cup of two to three-day-old chick embryos was investigated with the transmission electron microscope. Two circumscribed areas of cell death were found: The first appears during phase 1 (18 somites, stage 13-) in the middle of the invaginating optic vesicle wall; the second appears during phase 3 (24-28 somites, stages 15 and 16) in the optic stalk where it is connected with the diencephalon. Ultrastructural observations of dead cells with clumped nuclei are phagocytosed by neighbouring neuroepithelial cells. No invasion of macrophages from the mesenchyme was observed. Necrotic cells were occasionally found in the optocoel. After the invagination of the optic vesicle has been completed (at the end of the third day incubation) the layers of the optic cup meet, but there is no real cytoplasmic fusion. Some intercellular junctions are suggested to be precursors of gap junctions occurring in later stages. The role of changing cellular connections between lateral cell surfaces during invagination of the optic vesicle is discussed. Such a process could be responsible for the lengthening of the non-invaginating optic vesicle wall, i.e. the outer layer of the optic cup.
Free–Fatty Acid Inhibition of Insulin Binding, Degradation, and Action in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes

The effect of free fatty acids (FFAs) on insulin binding and action was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes. Oleic acid (0.4 mM) added to the cells rapidly (within 45 min) reduced insulin binding and degradation (each by 45%; P < 0.001, n = 7) without changing the apparent receptor affinity. The effect was concentration dependent; a half-maximal inhibitory effect occurred at 0.150 ± 0.050 mM (mean ± SE). Oleic acid exerted no effect on insulin binding in energy-depleted (KCN-treated) cells. Oleic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, and eicosapentaenoic acids were equally effective in reducing insulin binding. FFA did not change insulin binding to partially purified insulin receptors, thus excluding a direct effect on the insulin receptor. Furthermore, binding to partially purified receptors from solubilized cells pretreated with 0.2 mM oleic acid was not changed, indicating the effect of FFA in intact cells is on the rate of receptor internalization and/or recycling. Concomitant with the effect on insulin binding, oleic acid elicited a concentration-dependent reduction in nonstimulated cellular [14C]aminoisobutyric acid uptake (AIB; 29 ± 8%, P <0.05) and decreased the maximal effect of insulin (39 ± 7%, P < 0.05). Thus, in a concentration-dependent manner, different fatty acids can reduce the number of binding sites for insulin and the degradation of insulin by isolated liver cells. Basal and insulin-stimulated AIB transport was reduced, suggesting the presence of postbinding perturbations. These data suggest that FFA exerts an important modulating effect on insulin action in the liver.
Stable and optimal fuzzy control of linear systems

In this paper, a stable and an optimal fuzzy controllers are developed for linear systems. Based on some classical results in control theory, we design the structure and parameters of fuzzy controllers such that the closed-loop fuzzy control systems are stable if the process under control is linear and satisfies certain conditions. It turns out that if stability is the only concern, there is much freedom in choosing the fuzzy controller parameters. Therefore, a performance criterion is set to optimalize the parameters. Using the Pontryagin minimum principle, we design an optimal fuzzy controller for linear systems with quadratic cost function. Finally, the optimal fuzzy controller is applied to the ball-and-beam system.
Influência da distância e iluminância na deteção de marcas em realidade aumentada aplicada à estimulação magnética transcraniana

O estudo foi levado a cabo durante o desenvolvimento de uma aplicacao movel de Realidade Aumentada que representa modelos virtuais 3D do cerebro de um paciente sobre a imagem real da sua cabeca. O objetivo principal da aplicacao e guiar os medicos no uso de uma terapia medica nao invasiva, designada por Estimulacao Magnetica Transcraniana, que utiliza estimulos eletromagneticos para tratar problemas neurologicos. O rastreio destas marcas provou ser um dos desafios principais da aplicacao implementada e observamos que as condicoes luminosas e a distância as marcas sao dois dos fatores principais que podem influenciar a sua detecao com precisao.
eview multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting nflammation

Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations Part of the special issue on: “A broad-spectrum integrative design for cancer prevention and therapy”. ∗ Corresponding author at: Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A Forrester Hall, 36 Arthur Street, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada. Tel. : +1 902 893 5362; fax: +1 902 893 5610. E-mail address: leroy.lowe@gettingtoknowcancer.org (L. Lowe). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.semcancer. 2015.03. 006 044-579X/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). S152 A.K. Samadi et al. / Seminars in Cancer Biology 35 (2015) S151–S184
A power hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (P-HILS) system using two modular multilevel DSCC converters for a synchronous-motor drive

This paper provides an experimental discussion on a power hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (P-HILS) system for a medium-voltage, high-power, high-speed synchronous-motor drive. It consists of two identical modular multilevel double-star chopper-cell (DSCC) converters connected in front-to-front (FTF) without ac-link transformer. One DSCC inverter acts as a “real inverter under test,” while the other DSCC rectifier as a “virtual motor and load. ” Experimental waveforms obtained from a downscaled P-HILS system confirm satisfactory performance. The P-HILS system is characterized by combining a virtual three-phase 200-V, 10-kW, four-pole, 9000-r/min synchronous motor and a virtual high-speed centrifugal compressor with a quadratic-torque-to-speed characteristic.
Are EU Business Associations Governable

Business Interest Associations vary widely in their governability defined as their ability to unify members interests and ensure goal compliance. How can these variations be explained? To what extent is associational effectiveness governed by factors in the external environment of an association and of its members, and to what extent can improvement programmes undertaken by associations themselves make a difference? Drawing upon interviews undertaken with 50 EU business associations in the autumn of 1998 and ongoing subsequent member interviews, analysis enables researchers to ascertain the conditions under which associations are likely to be in a position to contribute to the process of European integration. Comprehensive directory research is also used to settle a long-standing dispute about the number of Euro groups.
[Expression of Micro-RNA 218 in Cervical Cancer and Its Effect on Proliferation, Apoptosis and Invasion of HeLa Cells].

OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-218(miR-218)in human cervical cancer and the effects ofmiR-218 on proliferation, cell apoptosis and invasion of HeLa cells. METHODS QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression ofmiR-218 in 23 cases of normal cervical tissues and 114 cases of cervical cancer, and the relationship between the expression and the clinicopathological features was analyzed; HeLa cells were devided into three groups: non transfection (control group), transfected with empty liposomes negative control goup (NC group), transfected with miR-218 mimic (miR-218M group). The cell growth inhibiting ratio of HeLa cells was assessed by MTT assay. Fluorescence activated cell sorting was used to measure cell apoptosis. Changes of cell migration ability were detected by wound healing test and Transwell assay. QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB and E-cadherin, respectively. RESULTS The expression ofmiR-218 in cervical cancer was down regulated, and there were significant differences in the different pathological types, stages, lymph node metastasis and interstitial infiltration in cervical cancer tissues ( P<0.01); After being transfected with miR-218 mimic, the proliferation of HeLa cells was significantly inhibited. The ability of invasion was decreased. QRT-PCR and Western blot showed that after being transfected with miR-218 mimic, the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were down-regulated and Bax mRNA and protein expression levels were increased, E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression were up-regulated, but NF -κB mRNA and protein expression were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS he low-expression of miR-218 is correlated with the poor clinicopathological features in human cervical cancer. MiR-218 overexpression reduces cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration, suggesting that miR-218 may play a key role in the progression of human cervical cancer.
Detection of Salient Curvature Features on Polygonal Surfaces

We develop an approach for stable detection of perceptually salient curvature features on surfaces approximated by dense triangle meshes. The approach explores an “area degenerating” effect of the focal surface near its singularities and combines together a new approximations of the mean and Gaussian curvatures, nonlinear averaging of curvature maps, histogram‐based curvature extrema filtering, and an image processing skeletonization procedure adapted for triangular meshes. Finally we use perceptually significant curvature extrema triangles to enhance the Garland‐Heckbert mesh decimation method.
Characterization of neurons in the rat central nucleus of the amygdala: Cellular physiology, morphology, and opioid sensitivity

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) orchestrates autonomic and other behavioral and physiological responses to conditioned stimuli that are aversive or elicit fear. As a related CeA function is the expression of hypoalgesia induced by conditioned stimuli or systemic morphine administration, we examined postsynaptic opioid modulation of neurons in each major CeA subdivision. Following electrophysiological recording, biocytin‐filled neurons were precisely located in CeA regions identified by chemoarchitecture (enkephalin‐immunoreactivity) and cytoarchitecture (DAPI nuclear staining) in fixed adult rat brain slices. This revealed a striking distribution of physiological types, as 92% of neurons in capsular CeA were classified as late‐firing, whereas no neurons in the medial CeA were of this class. In contrast, 60% or more of neurons in the lateral and medial CeA were low‐threshold bursting neurons. Mu‐opioid receptor (MOPR) agonists induced postsynaptic inhibitory potassium currents in 61% of CeA cells, and this ratio was maintained in each subdivision and for each physiological class of neuron. However, MOPR agonists more frequently inhibited bipolar/fusiform cells than triangular or multipolar neurons. A subpopulation of MOPR‐expressing neurons were also inhibited by delta opioid receptor agonists, whereas a separate population were inhibited kappa opioid receptors (KOPR). The MOPR agonist DAMGO inhibited 9/9 CeM neurons with projections to the parabrachial nucleus identified by retrograde tracer injection. These data support models of striatopallidal organization that have identified striatal‐like and pallidal‐like CeA regions. Opioids can directly inhibit output from each subdivision by activating postsynaptic MOPRs or KOPRs on distinct subpopulations of opioid‐sensitive neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:910–927, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Problem of Operation for Retroverted Uterus

collapsed and developed on the face, neck, and hands a " deep blue-black colour. " The replies diagnosed the occurrence as a case of aniline poisoning with formation of methaemoglobinaemia. Commenting on the case, I drew attention (Journal, 1930, 2, 980) to the fact that there was not enough benzene chemical (nitro or amido) in a few drops of dye to cause methaemoglobinaemia, and suggested that the dye soaked into the fibre stopping and dissolved in the lipoids in the inc.sive nerve and thus reachMd the brain. The blueness and the distribution could not have been a blood change, but'could arise from action of the sympathetic or central nervous system, or of both.
Crackling dynamics in material failure as the signature of a self-organized dynamic phase transition.

We derive here a linear elastic stochastic description for slow crack growth in heterogeneous materials. This approach succeeds in reproducing quantitatively the intermittent crackling dynamics observed recently during the slow propagation of a crack along a weak heterogeneous plane of a transparent Plexiglas block [K. J. Måløy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 045501 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevLett.96. 045501]. In this description, the quasistatic failure of heterogeneous media appears as a self-organized critical phase transition. As such, it exhibits universal and to some extent predictable scaling laws, analogous to that of other systems such as, for example, magnetization noise in ferromagnets.
What Goes Around, Comes Around: The Manifestation of Peripeteia in Maugham’s The Unconquered

The aim of this article is to elucidate how the British novelist, William Somerset Maugham, exploited the dramatic devices such as Peripeteia and Anagnorisis as the focal devices in his short fiction. The short story, The Unconquered , is selected to pinpoint how Maugham set the stage for the Peripeteic downfall of his protagonist; as a result, the whole plot of the story will be dissected in the light of Aristotelian’s Peripeteia. Furthermore, the interconnection bond between Peripeteia and Anagnorisis, in correlation with the narrative structure, will be probed. Keywords: Creatures of Circumstance, The Unconquered, Aristotle, Peripeteia, Anagnorisis