Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-toxic metal halide perovskites: opportunities and future challenges

Over the past few years, lead halide perovskites have emerged as a class of dominant semiconductor materials in the photovoltaic (PV) field with an unprecedented sharp enhancement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 22.1%, as well as in other promising optoelectronic applications due to their extraordinary and unique properties. However, the lead toxicity and long-term stability of these lead-based perovskites have raised considerable concerns for their real applications. Exploration of potentially low-toxic metal halide perovskite materials becomes one of the significant pivotal challenges in this century for PV, optoelectronic, and other unexplored applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the development of low-toxic metal halide perovskites with a particular focus on their structures and properties, and discuss their potential applications in PV and optoelectronic devices. Moreover, we suggest current challenges and future research directions with the goal of stimulating further research interest and potential applications.
Introduction

Every presidential election is diff erent. But there is diff erent and then there is 2016. As the nomination contests and their surviving candidates have made clear, this year’s election looks to be very different. Most notably, neither of the two highly controversial major party candidates are well thought of by an unusually large part of the electorate. Substantial majorities of Americans hold generally unfavorable rather than favorable views of both Democratic Party candidate Hillary Clinton and Republican Party candidate Donald Trump. On the Democratic side, despite being her party’s ultimate establishment candidate, Hillary Clinton enters the campaign with a warehouse of controversies (e.g., huge Wall Street speaking fees, the handling of the Benghazi fi asco, and the Clinton Foundation’s fund-raising). This includes a year long FBI investigation into her mishandling of confi dential and top secret emails on private unsecured computer servers while serving as Secretary of State. Though unindicted for handling classifi ed information “in a grossly negligent way,” the FBI characterized her actions as “extremely careless. ” On the Republican side, while lacking the experience necessary for a long history of controversies in public offi ce, Donald Trump has his own trail of business scandals (e.g., Trump University, multiple bankruptcies) and continues to demonstrate an uncanny fl air for gratuitous insults and outlandish off enses (e.g., mocking a reporter with a disability, implying Ted Cruz’s father was implicated in JFK’s assassination, and other off ensive comments directed at ethnic groups, women, and public fi gures of both parties). Regarding Trump as shallow, unprincipled, vulgar, boorish, and belligerent, many pragmatic conservative (aka, establishment) Republicans at least tentatively have decided to sit this election out, leaving the party unusually fractured even after its convention. With all of this, the specter of a Clinton versus Trump race suggests that we should all expect the unexpected, but what should be expected? That is where election forecasting models come in. In this symposium, we have again gathered eight election forecasters or forecasting teams to present their models’ predictions of the 2016 national two-party presidential vote. Four also venture forecasts of the congressional elections. A ninth forecasting team off ers a presidential prediction based on combining a number of forecasts based on very different approaches.
Preference, Deliberation and Satisfaction

In his famous lecture on ‘The Concept of Preference’ Amartya Sen (1982) opened up the topic of preference and preference-satisfaction to critical, philosophical debate. He pointed out that preference in the sense in which choice reveals one’s preference need not be preference in the sense in which people are personally better off for having their preferences satisfied. And on the basis of that observation he built a powerful critique of some common assumptions in welfare economics.
Nexus Between Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Disclosure and Financial Reporting Quality Among Listed Firms in Nigeria

This paper seeks to provide a novel approach and insight into the synergies between corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental disclosure (ED) and financial reporting quality (FRQ) which is emerging and changing rapidly. The study examined the nexus between corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental disclosure (ED) and financial reporting quality (FRQ) among corporate entities listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE). Data were collected from a sample of 169 listed firms in Nigeria. The research used a panel data set comprising of 624 firm year observations spanning the period 2015 to 2017. The empirical results of the study revealed that there exists a significant relationship between environmental disclosure(ED), firm size (FS), and financial reporting quality (FRQ). However, empirical evidence shows an insignificant relationship between social disclosure (SD), leverage and financial reporting quality (FRQ). We therefore recommend a proposal for the establishment of an inductive corporate social responsibility/environmental disclosure/financial reporting framework that future scientists/scholars can institute to explore the determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental disclosure (ED) and financial reporting quality (FRQ) in developing countries.
Manganese-oxide solids as water-oxidation electrocatalysts: The effect of intercalating cations

Author(s): Tao, L; Stich, TA; Jaccard, H; Britt, RD; Casey, WH | Abstract: © 2015 American Chemical Society. A set of birnessite-type manganese oxides with both monovalent alkaline cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ or Cs+) and divalent alkaline- earth cations (Ca2+ or Mg2+) has been synthesized using electrolytic deposition methods. X-ray diffraction gives typical birnessite-type patterns, with diffraction peaks at 2θ = ∼12.01° and 24.7° assigned to (001) and (002) planes. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra suggest differences in the stability of Mn(III) species in manganese-oxide layer, which is more stable in birnessite samples with divalent cations than samples with monovalent cations. The activity of samples for an anodic O2-evolution reaction is considerably affected by electrostatic potential and Lewis acidity of the monovalent cation, following the sequence of Li+ g Na+ g K+ g Rb+ g Cs+. While for samples with intercalating divalent alkaline-earth cations, there was slightly lower activity for O2 evolution, which may be correlated to different stability of Mn(III) species in the birnessite layers. In addition, we observed much higher O2-evolution activity at an overpotential of ca. 220 - 230 mV if the samples were heat-treated between 300 - 500 °C once they were electrolytically deposited as LiMnOx films. Clearly dry heating causes changes in both the crystalline structure and electronic structure of manganese-oxide layers, as indicated by associated changes in water-oxidation activity.
Massive quasar host galaxies in the reionisation epoch

Abstract Luminous quasars are powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes. Such luminous quasars have been discovered up to the highest redshifts, z > 7. Here we discuss recent observations of the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. We do not find a correlation between ongoing black hole growth and star-formation rate in the high redshift quasars, possibly indicating that black holes and their hosts do not co-evolve. We further show that even with high spatial resolution observations of the gas kinematics, dynamical mass estimates remain highly uncertain and should be used with caution.
Antidepressant Effects of Petroleum Ether Extracts from Ranae Oviductus

Objective:To study the antidepressant effects of petroleum ether extracts from Ranae Oviductus(ROS) and to investigate the related mechanisms.Method:Male ICR mice were divided into 2 batches,and every batch was randomly divided into control and six treatment groups.The control group was given normal saline and treatment groups were received ROS at dose of 10,30,100,300,900 mg·kg-1 respectively for 8 days.In the first batch,1 h after the 7 th day and 8 th day administration,forced swimming test(FST) and tail suspension test(TST) were conducted for evaluation of behavior.And then the levels of serum corticosterone in the mice were measured by radioimmunoassay method.In the second batch,we observed the effects of ROS on depressive mice through reserpine reversal test after the day of 8 administration.Result:The group of 100,300,900 mg·kg-1 ROS could significantly shorten mice immobility time in FST and TST(P 0.05),and could remarkably inhibit the decrease of body temperature and motor deficits in reserpine-induced hypothermia and motor deficits test at 4th hour(P 0.05). Moreover,the groups of 100,300,900 mg·kg-1 ROS could decrease the cortisol level in mice serum compared with control group(P 0.05). Conclusion:Petroleum ether extracts from Ranae Oviductus possess antidepressant effects,and it may be related to monoamine neurotransmitters and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis.
Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid enhance chilling tolerance in lemon (citrus limon) fruit.

i Declaration iv Acknowledgements v Dedication vii A Lesson from a Mad Hatter viii Table of contents ix Prologue 1 Chapter 1 Review: chilling injury in lemon fruit 10 Chapter 2 Influence of postharvest farm location and postharvest treatment on chilling injury of lemons (Citrus limon) 48 Chapter 3 The role of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid in enhancing chilling tolerance in lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.F. ] 69 Chapter 4 Soluble sugars, proline and ascorbic acid; are they involved in the response of lemons (Citrus limon) to chilling stress? 101 Chapter 5 Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate increase phenolic compounds and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase to improve chilling tolerance in cold-stored lemon fruit (Citrus limon) 127 Chapter 6 Ultra-structural alterations and nutrient responses of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid treated lemons (cv. Eureka) stored under chilling conditions 157 Chapter 7 Alteration of enzymatic antioxidants and inhibition of oxidative stress by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid to increase chilling tolerance in lemon fruit [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.F. ] 183 Chapter 8 The influence of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on maintaining cell membrane integrity of lemons [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.F. ] 212 Chapter 9 The induction of antioxidant activity in cold stored ‘Eureka’ lemon by postharvest treatments with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid 239 Chapter 10 General Discussion and Future Directions 268 List of publications included as part of the thesis 279 Appendices 280
The role of active galactic nuclei in galaxy evolution in terms of radial pressure

Abstract Irrespective of whether Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is cored with Supermassive Black Holes (SMBH) or not, there is a general consensus that observations indicate that the AGN plays fundamental role in galaxy evolution. The accretion disc powered fueling of the AGN and counter-feedback on its environment in the form of stress-energy-momentum along the radial component and an associated polodial jets seems viable model. On the theoretical ground there is no unified theory that compromise the observations. But there are pull of such diverse physics simulated to describe the observational works. So, there is unsettled theoretical framework how the activity of the AGN plays role in the evolution of host galaxy. Motivated by this we studied the role of AGN on its host galaxy evolution where General relativistic (GR) Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equation is considered to derive radial pressure that invokes star forming cold gases. Methodologically the central engine of the AGN is considered with SMBH/pseudo-SMBH. Locally, around the AGN, Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter metric is considered that reduces to the Schwarzschoild-de Sitter (SdS) background. Geometrically, a simple spherical geometry is superimposed with central disc structure assumed by cored void mass ablating model. The results of the work indicates that the AGN plays role in galaxy evolution, especially in the nearby environment. Also we report that the adjacent envelope to the AGN seems quiet with no activity in formation.
Hydraulic control of continental shelf waves

Abstract This paper studies the hydraulic control of continental shelf waves using an inviscid barotropic quasi-geostrophic model with piecewise-constant potential vorticity, in which the shelf is represented by a flat step of variable width. A coastal-intensified geostrophic current generates topographic Rossby waves, which can become critical at a local decrease in shelf width when the background current opposes Rossby wave propagation. That is, the shelfbreak perturbation permanently modifies the flow field over arbitrarily large distances and the flow transitions from subcritical to supercritical as it crosses the perturbation. Critically controlled flows also lead to the exchange of significant volumes of water between the shelf and the deep ocean. We derive the boundaries for which critical control occurs in terms of a Froude number and the dimensionless magnitude of the perturbation, and analyse the possible transitions between controlled and far-field flow. When first-order dispersive terms are included in the model, transitions are resolved by dispersive shock waves, which remain attached to the forcing region when the Froude number is close to the boundary for critical flow. Contour dynamic simulations show that the dispersive long-wave model captures the quantitative behaviour of the full quasi-geostrophic system for slowly varying shelves, and replicates the qualitative behaviour even when the long-wave parameter is order one.
Expanding the therapeutic window in acute ischemic stroke by advanced imaging

The treatment in acute ischemic stroke has shown extensive improvement in these recent years by new endovascular devices and advanced imaging. Advanced imaging is mainly led by perfusion imaging and has been powered by automated analyzing software. In this manuscript, we describe the history and the technology of perfusion imaging, including parameters and analyzing methods that have evolved from positron emission tomography and single-photon computed tomography to computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging perfusion. The immense clinical advantage of advanced imaging is expansion of the therapeutic window by various mismatch assessments. Of these, perfusion-weighted imaging core mismatch has managed to demonstrate the evidence in randomized control trials. A unique understanding of conventional imaging such as diffusion-weighted image fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch has also played a role in expanding the therapeutic window to wake-up strokes or unwitnessed strokes. In this article, these mismatch assessed trials are described with future insights.
The Role of Strategic Sourcing in Facing Uncertainty of the Manufacturing Business Environment during COVID-19

The study examines effect of strategic sourcing on operational and financial performances of manufacturing firms in Jordan during COVID-19. Based on a literature review, four strategic sourcing dimensions: strategic purchasing, internal integration, information sharing, and development of key suppliers were focused on. Data collected from various levels of managers in manufacturing firms of food products in Amman, Jordan was used to test the proposed research model. A quantitative approach was employed, and a survey conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect primary data during COVID-19 period. The final sample included 196 respondents, representing a 65% response rate. Structural equation modeling (SEM) method was applied to test and validate the proposed research model. The research model confirmed that there is a significant effect of internal integration and development of key suppliers on operational performance of manufacturing firms during COVID-19. Furthermore, the model confirmed that there is a significant effect of strategic purchasing, internal integration and development of key suppliers on financial performance of manufacturing firms during COVID-19. In order to face challenges created by COVID-19, purchasing managers can use strategic sourcing model to make continuous improvements to numerous activities in each dimension to enhance operational and financial performances of firms.
Hydrogen bonds at silica–CO2 saturated water interface under geologic sequestration conditions

ABSTRACT To investigate the effects of sequestration condition on hydrogen bonds between mineral and water, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. The simulations were conducted at conditions related with geologic sequestration sites: pressure (3.1–32.6 MPa), temperature (318 and 383 K), salinity (0–3 M), salt (NaCl and CaCl2) and silica surface models Q2 (geminal), Q3 (isolated) and amorphous Q3. The hydrogen bonds were classified into four types: silica–silica, silica–dissolved CO2, silica–water as donors and silica–water as acceptors. The mean numbers of hydrogen bonds for each type were analysed. The results show that: (1) silica surface silanol groups do not form H-bonds with dissolved CO2 molecules in water (brine); (2) The mean number of hydrogen bonds between silanol groups follows the order: Q2 > amorphous Q3 > Q3; (3) The mean number of hydrogen bonds between silanol and water molecules follows the order: Q3 > amorphous Q3 > Q2.
PUBLISHED VERSION

Polyfunctional thiols have previously been shown to be key aroma compounds in Sauvignon blanc and more recently in Chardonnay wines. Their role in other wine varieties such as those made from three popular indigenous Cypriot grape varieties has remained unexplored. As an extension of a previous project that profiled the sensory and chemical characteristics of Cypriot wines and their comparison to Australian wines, this study aimed to investigate five potent thiols in Xynisteri, Maratheftiko, Giannoudhi, Pinot gris, Chardonnay and Shiraz wines. Wines were analysed utilising Stable Isotope Dilution Assay (SIDA) with derivatisation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The varietal thiols measured were 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (4MSP) that has an aroma of “boxwood” and “cat urine” at high concentration, 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3SH) which has been described as having a “grapefruit/tropical fruit” aroma, and 3-sulfanylhexyl acetate (3SHA) that has also been described as having an aroma of “passionfruit”. Additionally, two other potent thiols were measured including benzyl mercaptan (BM) that has an aroma of “smoke and meat” and furfuryl thiol (FFT) that has been described as having a “roasted coffee” like aroma. The reason these thiols are known as potent thiols are due to their very low aroma detection thresholds in the low ng/L (ppt) range. Of the thiols that were measured, 3SH was the only varietal thiol detected in the red wine samples. All of the white wine samples contained 3SH, BM and 3SHA, whereas 4MSP was only detected in Pinot gris and three Xynisteri wines. The potent thiol, FFT, was detected only in the Chardonnay and four of the Xynisteri wines. Interestingly the thiols that were present in the samples were found at concentrations above their aroma detection thresholds (determined in hydroalcoholic solutions), especially 3SH which was found in an order of magnitude above its aroma detection threshold. These findings provide early knowledge of the presence of these thiols in Cypriot wines, compared with Australian wines and establish any relationships between this chemical data with previous wine sensory profile data.
Enhancing effect of glycine and tryptophan mixture on estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy participants: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study

Background: The mixture of glycine and tryptophan exhibited serum uric acid-lowering effects in our previous clinical trial. Objective: Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel study design, this current study aimed to examine whether this mixture enhanced the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as an indicator of renal function in healthy individuals. Methods : Healthy Japanese adult males and females ingested a powder mixture containing 3.0 g of glycine and 0.2 g of tryptophan or a placebo powder once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks. Results: After 8 weeks of continual ingestion, the combined glycine and tryptophan supplementation significantly enhanced eGFR. It also decreased serum uric acid levels, consistent with our previous reports. Meanwhile, the continual ingestion of the mixture had no influence on serum total or essential amino acids. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the combined oral administration of glycine and tryptophan significantly elevated the eGFR of healthy participants. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic or preventive effect of combined glycine and tryptophan supplementation. Nevertheless, the uric acid-lowering effect of glycine and tryptophan mixture has the potential to directly influence renal function. Keywords: glycine, tryptophan, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid
3. Managing the litter from hyperprolific sows

The practice of breeding from hyperprolific sows producing very large litters is becoming a normal occurrence in commercial pig production. However, the relationship between large litter size and piglet mortality is well established. In order to minimise the health and welfare challenges associated with large litters and maximise the economic potential of increased numbers born, various genetic, nutritional and management interventions are required. This chapter outlines the different challenges associated with hyperprolificacy before focusing on management strategies adopted over the farrowing and lactation period to tackle those challenges. These include early interventions to assist vulnerable piglets, such as those suffering from intrauterine growth retardation, as well as strategies involving whole litter interventions (e.g. use of nurse sows, artificial rearing) to help rear supernumerary piglets.