Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Modifiers of Caffeine and Endurance Performance in Athletes

Background: Caffeine is used as an ergogenic aid by athletes to improve performance. However, the effects of caffeine differ between athletes. This may be due to genetic differences affecting caffeine metabolism and caffeine response during exercise. Objective: The aim was to determine whether variation in the CYP1A2 gene, which affects caffeine metabolism, and the HTR2A gene, which encodes serotonin receptors and may affect caffeine response, modify the ergogenic effects of caffeine during a 10-km cycling time trial. Methods: Competitive male athletes (n=101; age: 25 ± 4 years) completed the time trial under three conditions: 0, 2 or 4 mg of caffeine per kg body mass, using a split-plot randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. DNA was isolated from saliva and genotyped for polymorphisms in CYP1A2 (rs762551) and HTR2A (rs6313). Results: Overall, 4 mg/kg caffeine decreased cycling time by 3% versus placebo. A significant (p <0.0001) caffeine-gene interaction was observed with CYP1A2. In
Bacteriological study of nidus of gallstones

Background: Gallstone disease is common worldwide and majority of patients undergo surgical management. Since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeons has become less interested in its aetiology. Infection is a major factor in the formation of gallstones. There are many infective complications reported of gallstones spilled during cholecystectomy. Presence of bacteria or its DNA by microscopy does not prove the infective potential of such stones. Thus culture of the nidus of the gallstone is the gold standard method to identify any potentially infective bacteria within and to predict the infective potential of gallstones.Methods: Cross sectional study done in seventy patients admitted for elective cholecystectomy for a period of 24 months from August 2016 to July 2018 in Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India.Results: Of the 70 stones cultured for bacteria, 52 (74.3%) were sterile and 18 (25.7%) were positive for bacteria, among which 16 stones showed mono-microbial growth while 2 showed poly-microbial growth. Most commonly isolated organism was E. coli and Klebsiella followed by Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Staph aureus.Conclusions: Moynihan‘s aphorism “gall stone is a tomb erected in the memory of the organism within it”, suggest bacteria inside gallstone to be dead but this study proves that bacteria can be viable inside gallstone and its complete retrieval should be done in case of spillage which may help in avoiding complications.
Comparison of blood flow in single and sequential vein grafts during off-pump coronary artery bypass.

Background The use of sequential anastomoses in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the mean blood flow (MBF) rate and pulsatility index (PI) of single and sequential saphenous vein grafts to the posterior descending artery (PDA) in the same patient during off-pump CABG (OPCABG). Methods Sequential saphenous vein grafts were used to bypass the diagonal artery (Diagonal) (side-by-side), obtuse marginal artery (OM) (side-by-side) and PDA (end-to-side). The anastomoses of Diagonal and OM were temporarily occluded with bulldog clamps, making the sequential graft a "single" graft to PDA. The MBF and PI of this "single" graft to PDA were measured with transit-time flow measurement (TTFM). Then the bulldog clamps were removed and the MBF and PI of sequential graft to PDA were measured again and compared to those of the "single" graft in the same patient. Anastomoses were evaluated with coronary CT angiogram at 6 months. Results A total of 128 patients with triple vessel disease were enrolled (96 men; mean age, 66.0±8.0 years; range, 54-80 years). The MBF of the "single" vs. sequential graft to PDA was 20.6±9.1 vs. 21.4±10.1 mL/min (P=0.472). The PI of 'single graft' vs. sequential graft to PDA was 1.7±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.5 (P=0.941). The patency of all grafts was good in all patients after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions There were no hydrodynamic differences between single and sequential grafts to PDA in OPCABG.
Prothrombin G20210A and Factor V Leiden mutations in ischemic arterial stroke

İnme ölüm nedenleri arasında dünyada üçüncü sıklıkta yer alan ve her yıl yaklaşık 5,7 milyon insanın ölümüne neden olan bir hastalıktır (1). Sıklığı 65 yaşın üzerinde artmakla beraber 45 yaşın altında da görülebilmektedir. İnme, iskemik inme, intraserebral hemoraji ve subaraknoid hemoraji olarak 3 büyük gruba ayırılabilir. En yaygın olan alt grup iskemik inmedir. İnme etiyolojisinde yer alan faktörler görüldüğü yaş grubuna göre değişmektedir. En sık görülen nedenleri büyük arterlerin aterosklerozu, kardiyoemboliler ve küçük damar oklüzyonlarıdır (1). Genç inmelerde ise herediter trombofili nedenleri daha sık karşılaşılan nedenlerdir (2). Arteriyel inmelerin risk ÖZET
Use of Aerosolized Prostacyclins in Critically Ill Patients and Association With Clinical Outcomes

IMPORTANCE: Aerosolized prostacyclins are frequently used in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and refractory hypoxia. Previous studies have shown improvement in oxygenation with use of pulmonary vasodilators such as iloprost and epoprostenol; however, there is no head-to-head comparison between these agents. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of inhaled epoprostenol and inhaled iloprost in critically ill patients with refractory hypoxia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of patients admitted to the ICUs at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center between 2015 and 2018. Adult patients who received aerosolized epoprostenol or iloprost for more than 4 hours were included in the analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary endpoint measured was to compare the change in Pao2/Fio2 ratio between patients treated with iloprost compared with epoprostenol. Secondary outcomes measured were 90-day in-hospital mortality and improvement in vasopressor requirements. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients were included in the study, 95 of whom received iloprost (75%) and 31 patients (25%) received epoprostenol. There were significant improvements in Pao2/Fio2 ratio in both the iloprost and epoprostenol group. Patients in the epoprostenol group appeared to have a higher 90-day mortality compared with the iloprost group. However, our study was not powered to detect a mortality difference and this finding likely represents a sicker population in the epoprostenol group and prescription bias. The use of iloprost was associated with higher vasopressor requirements in the first 12 hours of administration, an association was not observed in the epoprostenol group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this retrospective cohort analysis, use of both pulmonary vasodilators was associated with similar improvement in gas exchange. The mortality difference observed likely represents difference in severity of illness. Further studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Factores de Riesgo asociados a la Hipertensión Arterial en adultos

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Arterial Hypertension (AHT) is a non-communicable, lethal disease which is hardly diagnosed in its early stages. and it has been recognized as a multifactorial pathology. Nowadays, the risk factors associated with HBP are grouped into modifiable (diet and lifestyles) and non-modifiable (age, gender and inheritance). Modifiable risk factors for AHT are classified as behavioral, they are linked to lifestyle and prone to change in some acquired habits, such as smoking and unbalanced diet. These diets are rich in calories or fat, poor in vegetable and fruit consumption, low physical activity, sodium intake, stress, gene-nutrient interaction (epigenetics) among others that could be implicated in developing some associated diseases. Hypertensive disorders are problems of public health interest, causing serious cardiovascular alterations and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. This review is focused on the risk factors associated with Arterial Hypertension in adults.
Amming i Tromsø før og etter mor-barn-vennlig initiativ

Background. «The-Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative» was introduced in the early 1990s by WHO/UNICEF to reverse a declining trend in breastfeeding worldwide. We wanted to investigate factors influencing breastfeeding and whether this initiative, introduced between 1993 and 1996, had improved breastfeeding in our region, Tromsø, a mid-sized city in northern Norway. Material and methods. Medical records at maternal and child health centres of 1,374 infants born 1992 (n 653) and 1997 (n 721) were studied. The number of mothers breastfeeding, duration of lactation, parents’ age, their occupation and education, maternal marital status and parity were registered. Results. In a multiple regression analysis, birth, year 1997, high parental level of education/occupational prestige, and higher maternal age significantly prolonged the total period of breastfeeding. Parental age, education/occupation, the number of women starting breastfeeding, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the total lactation period significantly increased from 1992 to 1997. When correcting for parental age and education/ occupation in a multiple regression analysis we found an increase in exclusive breastfeeding and the total lactation period by 0.5 month (mean (95 % CI)) 0.5 (0.2–0.8) and 1.1 month (0.6–1.5) respectively. Interpretation. This improvement might be due to «the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative», but also to unknown factors.
Hollinshead's Textbook of Anatomy

INTRODUCTION The Study of Anatomy Anatomic Terminology TISSUES AND SYSTEMS OF THE BODY The Skin and Its Appendages The Connective Tissues The Skeletal System The Muscular System The Nervous System The Cardiovascular System The Digestive and Respiratory Systems The Urogenital System The Endocrine System THE BACK The Vertebral Column The Vertebral Canal, Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Segmental Innervation THE LIMBS Basic Structural Plan of the Limbs Pectoral Region, Axilla and Shoulder The Free Upper Limb: Arm, Forearm and Hand Gluteal and Hip Regions The Free Lower Limb: Thigh, Leg and Foot THORAX The Thorax in General The Lungs The Pericardium, the Heart, and the Great Vessels The Mediastinum ABDOMEN The Abdomen in General The Gut and Its Derivatives The Posterior Abdominal Wall and Associated Organs The Inguinal and Femoral Canals The Scrotum The Applied Anatomy of Hernia PELVIS AND PERINEUM The Pelvis The Perineum HEAD AND NECK Head and Neck in General The Neck Skull, Face, and Jaws The Cranial Part of the Nervous System The Ear, Orbit, and Nose Pharynx and Laryn
Melanoma intra-ocular com disseminação meníngea, pulmonar, renal e cardíaca em cão

O melanoma e uma neoplasia que atinge principalmente a cavidade oral dos caes, formando uma massa de pigmentacao enegrecida na maioria dos casos. Caracteriza-se por ser altamente metastatico, invasivo e possuir rapido crescimento quando se trata de sua forma maligna. A presente monografia tem o objetivo de descrever um caso de melanoma intra-ocular com disseminacao meningea, pulmonar, renal e cardiaca. Um cao macho de 11 anos de idade e sem raca definida foi encaminhado para necropsia no Setor de Patologia da Escola de Veterinaria apos avaliacao clinica e anatomo-histopatologica firmou-se o diagnostico de melanoma intra-ocular com metastase meningea, pulmonar, renal e cardiaca.
A case of systemic lupus erythematosus presented with autoimmune hemolytic anemia: treated successfully with cyclosporine

Жүйелі қызыл жегі (ЖҚЖ) – жүйелі аутоиммунды ауру. Гемолитикалық анемия, лейкопения, лимфопения, тромбоцитопения ЖҚЖ кезінде жиі кездесетін гематологиялық проблемалар болып табылады. Мақалада әлсіздікке шағымдалған 19 жастағы қыз баланың клиникалық жағдайы сипатталған. Біз аутоиммунды гемолитикалық анемияның циклоспориннің көмегімен оң нәтижелі емделуі тәжірибесін ұсынып отырмыз. Маңызды сөздер: жүйелі қызыл жегі, гемолитикалық анемия, циклоспорин.
Dialysis dose in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis at Ibn-Sena and AlNao hospitals in Sudan

Introduction: Ne Hemodialysis (HD) plays a fundamental role in the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. A minimal duration between 9 to 12 hours per week is required for maintaining adequate HD to restore excretory function of the kidney. Objectives: To measure the average duration of HD among Sudanese patients, and compare with the universal recommended duration. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study at IBN-SENA hospital and ALNAO teaching hospital was conducted. All patients were subjected to full medical history and examination to identify their age, gender, original kidney disease and duration and route of HD. Results: A total of 121 ESRD patients under regular HD participated in this study. The majority [78 (64.5%)] had an average duration of HD of 8 h/wk. Conclusion: A large proportion of our patients on HD are below target dialysis dose; mainly due to reducing in the number of sessions per week and average duration per each session.
Peptic perforation in paediatric case of dengue: rare presentation

Dengue fever is a common disease in tropical and subtropical regions and is characterized by fever, headache, and joint and muscle pain. Occasionally, patients develop abdominal and gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastrointestinal manifestations are increasingly being identified in severe dengue infection. Gastric perforation is very rare manifestation in dengue infection. Here we report a case of a 12 year old female who was diagnosed with dengue fever with perforative peritonitis due to prepyloric perforation with no prior symptoms of gastric ulcer.
Prevalence and Comparison of HLA-B27 among Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients in Palestine and Arab Population

Background: HLA-B27 antigen is genetic markers which have a strong risk association with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Data about HLA-B27 prevalence among Palestinian populations are very limited and controversial when compared to Western population’s esp. in Mediterranean countries. Objective: To investigate the incidence and prevalence of HLA-B27 among Palestinian populations and its association with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To compare data from Palestinian populations with other larger studies done among Arab and African populations. Methods: HLA-B27 was studied among a total number of one hundred twelve patients with symptoms of AS referred for further HLA-B27 genetic testing with AS symptoms were referred for genetic testing during the time period between January 2013 and January 2014 and 39 controls. DNA was extracted from a 200 μl peripheral blood then genotyped for polymorphisms by real time polymerase chain reaction chain reaction system. Published studies of HLA-B27 were reviewed in Arab patients. We divided Arab populations into three parts: A) Levant which includes Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine, B) Arabian Peninsula which includes Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, C) North Africa which includes Egypt, and Morocco. We looked up all the articles from PubMed and Medline addressing HLA-B27 prevalence among all these areas on AS patients and healthy individuals. We also searched for large studies conducted on western populations over the last couple of years for comparison. Results: We observed that the general prevalence of HLA-B27 among Palestinian was 20.5% in which 10 (43.4%) male 8 (34.7%). The prevalence of HLA-B27 among patients with AS is 71% in Jordan, 60% Syria, 23.6% Lebanon, 58.7% Egypt, 29.3% Morocco, 67% Saudi Arabia, 25.7% Kuwait, 74% in Qatar and 56% UAE. Conclusion: To conclude our study, HLA-B27 is presented in about 20% percent of the Palestinian population. Further comprehensive-cooperative research would be helpful if including the 3 health sectors would be very helpful in establishing a more accurate and comprehensive estimate of the size of the problem in Palestine and to further provide an accurate profile of AS in Palestine.
Thoracic Surgery Atlas

Chapter 1: Incisions Chapter 2: Minimally invasive approaches Chapter 3: Lung Chapter 4: Chest wall Chapter 5: Mediastinum Chapter 6: Esophagus Chapter 7: Thoracic duct Chapter 8: Sympathetic chain Chapter 9: Diaphragm Chapter 10: Major airways Chapter 11: Pleura
Evaluation Report 2006

Hopevale artist Roy McIvorOs acrylic on canvas work OWallan and MutharrO represents the Family Wellbeing program, its aim and objectives. It tells a story of two ancestral beings, Wallan and Mutharr. Wallan is a hunter, sharer and giver, a person who does the right thing for his extended family and community and helps them. Mutharr is WallanOs opposite, he expects everything to be given to him, doesnOt go hunting and therefore cannot share with his family and community. Mutharr does not care to be a provider (hunter) he sits back.
Bacteriemias por Aeromonas spp. en pacientes adultos que acuden a un hospital universitario. Análisis de diez episodios.

Introducción: Aeromonas es una causa habitual de gastroenteritis pero ocasionalmente puede producir infecciones extraintestinales. La incidencia de bacteriemia por este género es muy baja y en general los pacientes presentan enfermedades de base asociadas. Materiales y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de los episodios de bacteriemias por Aeromonas spp. durante un período de ocho años en el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas de la ciudad de Córdoba, haciendo hincapié en edad, sexo, comorbilidades asociadas, presentación clínica, foco, origen de la infección, evolución clínica, prevalencia de especies y sensibilidad antimicrobiana de las mismas. Resultados: Se registraron 10 episodios de bacteriemias por Aeromonas spp. El 60% correspondieron a mujeres y el 40% a hombres. La edad promedio fue 65 años. En siete pacientes el origen de la infección fue comunitario y en tres nosocomial. El 70% de los pacientes presentaron patologías de base predisponentes. El foco de la bacteriemia fue abdominal en dos casos. A. complejo hydrophila fue responsable del 50% de los casos. El 80% de las bacteriemias fueron monomicrobianas. Los aislamientos generalmente presentaron altos porcentajes de sensibilidad. Conclusión: Las bacteriemias se presentaron en pacientes de ambos sexos, de edad avanzada, la mayoría de los cuales poseían comorbilidades asociadas. La mayoría de las infecciones tuvieron su origen en la comunidad. Si bien la bacteriemia por Aeromonas spp. es poco frecuente, la mortalidad encontrada en nuestro estudio fue relativamente elevada a pesar del alto porcentaje de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos.
Analysis of Patients Discharged as Exitus from Intensive Care Unit: One Year Data of our Tertiary Health Institution

OZ Amac: Hastanemiz Yogun Bakim Unitesi’ne (YBU) 1 Mayis 2017- 31 Mayis 2018 tarihleri arasinda kabul edilen ve exitus gerceklesen hastalarin demografik verilerini, YBU kabul nedeni ve kalis suresi ile exitus nedenlerini tespit etmektir. Araclar ve Yontem: Kurum izni ve etik kurul izni alindiktan sonra hastanemizin YBU’ne kabul edilmis olan ve exitus gerceklesen hastalarin tibbi kayitlari geriye donuk olarak incelenmistir. Calismada 434 hastanin verileri analiz edilmistir. Hastalarin yas ve cinsiyetleri, yogun bakima yatis saatleri ve mesai dilimi, exitus kabul edildigi saat, hangi servis adina yatis yapildigi, yatis endikasyonlari, YBU’de kalis sureleri ve primerexitus nedenleri kaydedilmistir. Bulgular: 1 Mayis 2017 – 31 Mayis 2018 arasinda YBU’ne toplam1331 hasta kabul edilmis ve bu hastalarin 434’unde (%32.6) exitus gerceklesmistir. Hastalarin yas ortalamasi 72.82 ± 15.81 idi. En sik olumler 139 hasta ile (%32) 80 – 89 yas araliginda tespit edildi. Exitus olan hastalarin 201’i kadin (%46), 233’u erkekti (%54). Hastalarin YBU’ne en sik kabul edildigi saatler 13:00 ve 15:00 araligindaydi. Rapor edilen en sik exitus nedeni kardiyovaskuler hastaliklar (n =222, %51.2) iken hastalarin bagli oldugu klinik en sik olarak (n = 105, %24.2) Gogus Hastaliklari Klinigi’ydi. Hastalarin %93.8’i hastaneye Acil Servis’ten giris yapmis ve %6.2’si hastane ici servislerden YBU’ne nakledilmistir. Hastalarin ortalama GKS skoru 8.4 ± 4.6. Hastalara ait tibbi kayitlardan APACHE II skorlari ve SOFA skorlarina ulasilamamistir. Sonuc: Yogun bakim unitemizde mortalite oranlari diger bircok merkezden dusuk olmakla beraber hala yuksektir. Ileri yas ve komorbid hastaliklarin varligi bu sonuclar uzerinde etkili olabilir.
Capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em zona urbana

Objetivo: analisar a capacidade funcional dos idosos residentes em zona urbana. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido no município de Cuiabá- Mato Grosso. A amostra foi de 573 idosos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Houve predomínio de idosos na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos (45,9%) e que residiam com outras pessoas (89,5%). A maioria dos homens era casado ou tinha companheira (72,8) e as mulheres eram viúvas (43,6%). Os homens idosos eram mais independentes para realizar suas atividades diárias (72,4%), enquanto as mulheres eram mais dependentes (41,7%). Conclusão: considera-se relevante incorporar a avaliação da Capacidade Funcional na consulta de enfermagem ao idoso, com a finalidade de prevenir e minimizar os prejuízos da dependência funcional.
Adherence to AUA Guidelines for Periprocedural Antibiotics for In-Office Cystoscopy after Implementation of a Simple Quality Improvement Protocol.

INTRODUCTION AUA guidelines recommend periprocedural antibacterial prophylaxis for high risk patients undergoing in-office cystoscopy. We sought to determine if implementation of a simple quality improvement protocol could increase guideline compliance. METHODS As part of a quality improvement initiative, 4 simple changes were incorporated into our practice for in-office cystoscopy, including creation of a "yes/no" checklist to identify high risk patients, checklist review and electronic antibiotics order placed by urology provider, immediate nurse directed administration of single doses of the most common recommended antibiotics, and review of the checklist and antibiotic administration during the preprocedural time-out. We retrospectively compared antibiotic adherence in patients 3 months before and 3 months after implementation of the intervention. Data collected included age, gender, indication for procedure, type of procedure and high risk status. RESULTS A total of 307 patients were included in the study (157 before implementation and 150 after implementation of the protocol). In the pre-intervention group 120 patients (76.4%) were considered high risk and should have been administered antibiotic prophylaxis, although only 38 (31.7%) actually received it. In the post-intervention group 104 patients (69.3%) were considered high risk and should have been given antibiotic prophylaxis, and 84 (80.8%) actually received it. Overall, this quality improvement initiative resulted in a 49.1% increase in appropriate antibiotic administration (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a simple 4-step quality improvement initiative resulted in a significant increase in the administration of appropriate antibiotics for in-office cystoscopy.