Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ‘Hothaps’ programme for assessing climate change impacts on occupational health and productivity: an invitation to carry out field studies

The “high occupational temperature health and productivity suppression” programme (Hothaps) is a multi-centre health research and prevention programme aimed at quantifying the extent to which working people are affected by, or adapt to, heat exposure while working, and how global heating during climate change may increase such effects. The programme will produce essential new evidence for local, national and global assessment of negative impacts of climate change that have largely been overlooked. It will also identify and evaluate preventive interventions in different social and economic settings. Hothaps includes studies in any part of the world where hourly heat exposure exceeds physiological stress limits that may affect workers. This usually happens at temperatures above 25°C, depending on humidity, wind movement and heat radiation. Working people in low and middle-income tropical countries are particularly vulnerable, because many of them are involved in heavy physical work, either outdoors in strong sunlight or indoors without effective cooling. If high work intensity is maintained in workplaces with high heat exposure, serious health effects can occur, including heat stroke and death. Depending on the type of occupation, the required work intensity, and the level of heat stress, working people have to slow down their work in order to reduce internal body heat production and the risk of heat stroke. Thus, unless preventive interventions are used to reduce the heat stress on workers, their individual health and productivity will be affected and economic output per work hour will be reduced. Heat also influences other daily physical activities, unrelated to work, in all age groups. Poorer people without access to household or workplace cooling devices are most likely to be affected. The Hothaps programme includes a pilot study, heat monitoring of selected workplaces, qualitative studies of perceived heat impacts and preventative interventions, quantitative studies of impacts on health and productivity, and assessments of local impacts of climate change taking into account different applications of preventative interventions. Fundraising for the global programme is in progress and has enabled local field studies to start in 2009. Local funding support is also of great value and is being sought by several interested scientific partners. The Hothaps team welcomes independent use of the study protocols, but would be grateful for information about any planned, ongoing or completed studies of this type. Coordinated implementation of the protocols in multi-centre studies is also welcome. Eventually, the results of the Hothaps field studies will be used in global assessments of climate change-induced heat exposure increase in workplaces and its impacts on occupational health and productivity. These results will also be of value for the next assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2013.
Ubiquitous Water Recycle Management Service Proposal in Ubiquitous City

Concerns about ubiquitous computing have been raised by the development of IT technology. And available services based on ubiquitous computing are being researched for the realization of U-city as well. U-city that is construction schedule to Pajoo Unjeong is planning `blue network' construction. In `blue network' has a plan to recycle water. This paper proposes service that takes advantage of U-technology and manages water recycling of `blue network'
Maternal Survival 1 Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why

The risk of a woman dying as a result of pregnancy or childbirth during her lifetime is about one in six in the poorest parts of the world compared with about one in 30 000 in Northern Europe. Such a discrepancy poses a huge challenge to meeting the fi fth Millennium Development Goal to reduce maternal mortality by 75% between 1990 and 2015. Some developed and transitional countries have managed to reduce their maternal mortality during the past 25 years. Few of these, however, began with the very high rates that are now estimated for the poorest countries—in which further progress is jeopardised by weak health systems, continuing high fertility, and poor availability of data. Maternal deaths are clustered around labour, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period, with obstetric haemorrhage being the main medical cause of death. Local variation can be important, with unsafe abortion carrying huge risk in some populations, and HIV/AIDS becoming a leading cause of death where HIV-related mortaliy rates are high. Inequalities in the risk of maternal death exist everywhere. Targeting of interventions to the most vulnerable—rural populations and poor people—is essential if substantial progress is to be achieved by 2015.
Seroepidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis and cattle as a possible reservoir host at Trishal Upazila in Bangladesh

To study the effect of months, seasons, age and sex on visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in human, data were collected during March 2010 through February 2011 from the register book of Upazila Health Complex (UHC) of Trishal, which is an endemic region for VL in the Mymensingh district. Besides, 70 blood samples were collected from suspected VL human patients to compare microscopy with rK39 immunochromatographic strip test. Additionally, 50 cattle blood samples were also collected from houses with active or recently-treated VL patients to determine the possible animal reservoir of VL through rK39 strip test. Of the suspected VL patients in the UHC registered book, 43.8% were seropositive. The percentages of seropositive cases were higher in September (73.3%), November (67.2%) and August (65.5%) than in May (18.5%), June (27.5%) and March (36.7%). The rainy season (58.4%) and the winter season (50.6%) showed higher seropositive than the summer (30.7%) season which was significant (p≤ 0.001). Hospital cases of VL were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in 3-14 years (49.3%) and 15-45 years (43.5%) than in children 45 years (33.6%) people. The estimated sensitivity of rK39 strip test and microscopic examination were 100% and 58.8%, respectively and the specificity were 72% and 100%, respectively. Only two cattle blood samples were found positive to rK39 strip test. Our present study indicates that rK39 strip test is superior to the diagnosis of VL compared with parasitological confirmation by direct microscopy of the peripheral blood. Further works are needed to focus on molecular approaches for diagnosis and epidemiological study of VL, sand flies investigation and to confirm the cattle as animal reservoir for VL transmission.
Puzzles and further explorations in the interrelationships of successive births with husband’s income, spouses’ education and race

When fertility is examined in the detail of individual parity progressions and birth-order transitions, important interactions between the effects of income and education are seen. Among the findings are: the negative effect of education on fertility is stronger at all parities for less educated compared to more highly educated women. Additional income has a more positive effect for more highly educated than for less educated women. For women with 0–8 years of education the effect of more income is positive when the family has no children but negative thereafter, but for college-educated women the effect of more income is positive. And additional income has a less positive (more negative) effect on fertility among nonwhites than among whites.
Replication fork and SeqA focus distributions in Escherichia coli suggest a replication hyperstructure dependent on nucleotide metabolism

Replication from the origin of Escherichia coli has traditionally been visualized as two replisomes moving away from each other, each containing a leading and a lagging strand polymerase. Fluorescence microscopy studies of tagged polymerases or forks have, however, indicated that the polymerases may be confined to a single location (or a few locations in cells with overlapping replication cycles). Here, we have analysed the exact replication patterns of cells growing with four different growth and replication rates, and compared these with the distributions of SeqA foci. The SeqA foci represent replication forks because the SeqA protein binds to the newly formed hemimethylated DNA immediately following the forks. The results show that pairs of forks originating from the same origin stay coupled for most of the cell cycle and thus support the replication factory model. They also suggest that the factories consisting of four polymerases are, at the time immediately after initiation, organized into higher order structures consisting of eight or 12 polymerases. The organization into replication factories was lost when replication forks experienced a limitation in the supply of nucleotides or when the thymidylate synthetase gene was mutated. These results support the idea that the nucleotide synthesis apparatus co‐localizes with the replisomes forming a ‘hyperstructure’ and further suggest that the integrity of the replication factories and hyperstructures is dependent on nucleotide metabolism.
Experimental Study of Low-Latency HD VoD Streaming Flexible Dual TCP-UDP Streaming Protocol

The Flexible Dual TCP-UDP Protocol (FDSP) combines the reliability of TCP with the low latency characteristics of UDP. FDSP delivers the more critical parts of the video data via TCP and the rest via UDP. Bitstream Prioritization (BP) is a sliding scale that is used to determine the amount of TCP data that is to be sent. BP can be adjusted according to the level of network congestion. FDSP-based streaming achieves lower rebuffering time and less rebuffering instances than TCP-based streaming as well lower packet loss than UDP-based streaming. Our implementation and experiments on a real testbed shows that FDSP with BP delivers high quality, low-latency video, which is especially suitable for live video and subscription-based video.
The Russell–Prawitz modality

In his 1903, Principles of Mathematics, Bertrand Russell mentioned possible definitions of conjunction, disjunction, negation and existential quantification in terms of implication and universal quantification, exploiting impredicative universal quantifiers over all propositions. In his 1965 Ph.D. thesis Dag Prawitz showed that these definitions hold in intuitionistic second order logic. More recently, these definitions have been used to represent logic in various impredicative type theories. This treatment of logic is distinct from the more standard Curry–Howard representation of logic in a dependent type theory. The main aim of this paper is to compare, in a purely logical, non type-theoretic setting, this Russell–Prawitz representation of intuitionistic logic with other possible representations. It turns out that associated with the Russell–Prawitz representation is a lax modal operator, which we call the Russell–Prawitz modality, and that any lax modal operator can be used to give a translation of intuitionistic logic into itself that generalises both the double negation interpretation, double negation being a paradigm example of a lax modality, and the Russell–Prawitz representation.
Transmisión de la bacteria Helicobacter pylori a partir del agua en animales de laboratorio

Introduccion y objetivo: El Helicobacter pylori (Hp) es una bacteria que coloniza el estomago humano y desempena un papel clave en la patogenesis de diferentes enfermedades gastroduodenales. Aunque se ha propuesto que la transmision del Hp se da via oral-oral, fecal-oral o gastro-oral, las vias de transmision aun no estan del todo claras, lo que dificulta implementar medidas de salud publica para prevenir la infeccion. El objetivo de este trabajo es observar en animales de laboratorio la posible transmision del Hp a traves del agua de consumo, procedentes de dos zonas diferentes del conurbano. Materiales y metodos: Se utilizaron 21 ratas de la cepa Albinas, de 20 dias de edad y al destete, que se dividieron en tres grupos: grupo A: 7 ratas a las que se les administro agua de pozo proveniente de la zona sur del conurbano; grupo B: 7 ratas a las que se les administro agua corriente proveniente de la zona oeste del conurbano; grupo C: 7 ratas a las que se les administro agua biodestilada de laboratorio. A todos los grupos se les suministro el agua y un alimento comercial balanceado seco en forma ad libitum. El periodo de administracion de agua fue de dos meses para todos los grupos. Finalizado este periodo, los animales fueron sacrificados para obtener biopsias del estomago, las cuales fueron procesadas y coloreadas con Hematoxilina-Eosina. Resultados: Tanto en el grupo A como en el grupo B se observaron signos de inflamacion en la lamina propia en diferentes grados: leve, moderado y severo. En algunos animales, se identificaron linfocitos intraepiteliales y foliculos linfoides. En ambos grupos se observaron elementos compatibles con la bacteria Hp. Estos hallazgos microscopicos no fueron encontrados en muestras de ratas del grupo C. Conclusiones: Existe una relacion entre el consumo de agua y la infeccion por el Hp, que debe ser confirmada por medio de otros estudios y metodos de investigacion.
The Role of Plans in Automated Consultation

Consultation is a method widely used in computer centers for helping people to use unfamiliar computer systems or languages. Unfortunately, consultants are scarce, expensive, and often unavailable when needed. This paper describes the implementation of an automated consultant for MACSYMA, called the Advisor. The Advisor's implementation is based on the assumption that the MACSYMA novice behaves in accordance with a standard heuristic problem solving algorithm, called MUSER. This assumption is supported by a body of data on the problem solving behavior of MACSYMA users. In solving his problem, the user implicitly generates a goal-subgoal graph, called a "plan". The plan is a direct proof that the commands used actually achieve the goal (in terms of the user's beliefs), and the problem solving algorithm constitutes a grammar for such plans. The key to the consultation process is the analysis of the user's plan. First, the plan is reconstructed by a combined process of dialogue and automatic plan recognition, and then the underlying beliefs are checked for errors. Because of the MUSER model, the Advisor is able to diagnose not only standard errors but also more general misconceptions.
The Role of Electronic Health Records in Enhancing and Threatening Physician Identities : An Identity Theory Perspective

With the lack of timely and relevant patient information increasingly being linked to adverse medical outcomes, effective management of patient data has emerged as a strategic imperative for the healthcare industry. Healthcare informatics experts have suggested that electronic health record systems (EHRS) can facilitate effective information sharing within and between healthcare stakeholders such as physician practices, hospitals, insurance companies, and laboratories. In this paper, we examine the adoption and use of EHRS in medical practices. Physician practices occupy a central position in the healthcare value-chain and possess a number of unique characteristics that differentiate them from other institutional contexts, including a strong “clan” culture, potent professional identities, and a desire for autonomy. We draw upon social identity theory and self-categorization theory to examine how the nature of impending changes engendered by EHRS can enhance or threaten physicians’ social identities, and influence decision-making regarding its adoption and use. We use data from 206 physician practices, spread across the United States, to test our theoretical model. Results suggest that while careprovider identity reinforcement and professional identity reinforcement positively impact the adoption and use of EHRS, professional identity deterioration and governmental influence impact them negatively, and careprovider identity deterioration has no significant impact on them. Theoretical and pragmatic implications of the findings are discussed.
Non-Fickian mixing: temporal evolution of the scalar dissipation rate in porous media

We investigate the temporal scaling properties of mixing in heterogeneous permeability fields with variances ranging from very small (σ 2 =0 .01) to very large (σ 2 lnK = 9). We quantify mixing by the scalar dissipation rate, which we estimate over a large range of temporal scales. For an initial pulse line injection, we find that moderate and strong heterogeneity induce
Late bare-metal stent thrombosis in a patient with Crohn's disease.

in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) territory rather than the other main coronaries because of the usual straighter course of the proximal part of LAD. There is no consensus about the optimal management for coronary embolism. Percutaneous catheter aspiration embolectomy, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with or without stent placement and administration of systemic thrombolytic agents are the current treatment options (5, 6). Among these recanalization techniques, stent implantation is not recommended (7). Combination protocols have been tried for coronary embolism. Atmaca et al. (8) reported a successfully managed coronary embolism in a patient with a mechanical mitral valve by using a half dose tissue plasminogen activator and tirofiban. We have administrated intravenous tirofiban to our case in the first 24-hours although there is no consensus for the use of glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitors and subsequently performed catheter aspiration embolectomy. In recent expert reports, thrombus aspiration embolectomy is the suggested treatment option for coronary embolism (9, 10). Since the efficacy and safety of triple anticoagulation therapy (warfarin + dual antiplatelet therapy) in embolic acute coronary syndromes remain unclear, we have ordered warfarin plus aspirin to our patient in the maintenance therapy.
Partitioning of reproduction among queens in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile


We investigated how queens share parentage (skew) in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, a social insect with multiple queens (polygyny). Overall, maternity of 546 male and female sexuals that mated successfully was determined with microsatellites in 26 colonies consisting of two queens and workers. The first main finding was that queens all contributed to sexual production. However, there was a significant departure from equal contribution to male and female sexual production in a notable proportion of colonies. Overall, reproductive skew for sexual (male and female) production was relatively low but higher than reproductive skew for egg production. The second interesting result was that there was a trade-off in the relative contribution of queens to male and female production. The queens contributing more to male production contributed significantly less to female sexual production. Finally, there was no significant association between colony productivity and the degree of reproductive skew. The relatively low reproductive skew is in line with predictions of the so-called concession models of reproductive skew because, in the Argentine ant, relatedness between queens is low and ecological constraints on dispersal nonexistent or weak.
Antenatal Education: An Assessment of Pregnant Women Knowledge and Preferences in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Antenatal educational programs are delivered during the childbearing years to expecting mothers. These interventions are considered preparatory strategies for physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy. Aim: To assess the antenatal knowledge and describe the learning needs and preferred information seeking behavior of expecting and/or new Saudi mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at multiple primary health care centers in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was used to assess levels of antenatal knowledge, educational preferences, and information Results: The mean antenatal knowledge score was low (34.8/100). Educational material in written format was preferred by 39.8% of the sample, followed by a preference for one to one education (18.8%). Physicians were the preferred source of information by 2/3 of the participants. Preferred educational strategies were motivation and support, guidance, problem solving, and dos and don’ts. Selected content ranged from identifying pregnancy symptoms, to post-partum care. Conclusion: Antenatal knowledge scores were low with no variation with age or educational level among this population. Reform in antenatal educational content, channels, and formats should be adapted according to the preferences of the target population. Further research is recommended on the evaluation of the content of antenatal education and its cultural relevance.
Pharmacogenetics of pain and analgesia

Pain severity ratings and the analgesic dosing requirements of patients with apparently similar pain conditions may differ considerably between individuals. Contributing factors include those of genetic and environmental origin with epigenetic mechanisms that enable dynamic gene–environment interaction, more recently implicated in pain modulation. Insight into genetic factors underpinning inter‐patient variability in pain sensitivity has come from rodent heritability studies as well as familial aggregation and twin studies in humans. Indeed, more than 350 candidate pain genes have been identified as potentially contributing to heritable differences in pain sensitivity. A large number of genetic association studies conducted in patients with a variety of clinical pain types or in humans exposed to experimentally induced pain stimuli in the laboratory setting, have examined the impact of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in various target genes on pain sensitivity and/or analgesic dosing requirements. However, the findings of such studies have generally failed to replicate or have been only partially replicated by independent investigators. Deficiencies in study conduct including use of small sample size, inappropriate statistical methods and inadequate attention to the possibility that between‐study differences in environmental factors may alter pain phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms, have been identified as being significant.
Une étude comparative des systèmes proxémiques français et tunisiens

S'il existe désormais une littérature relativement consistante sur les réactions cognitives, affectives et comportementales face à la foule dans un contexte commercial, peu de travaux ont intégré les différences culturelles dans l'explication de ces réactions, ce qui semble pourtant crucial dans le cadre de l'internationalisation croissante des distributeurs. Deux études réalisées en période de grande affluence dans deux hypermarchés, l'un en France et l'autre en Tunisie, permettent de mieux comprendre les spécificités culturelles des systèmes proxémiques et des réactions à la foule.