Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Navier-Stokes Simulations of Heat Transfer with Complex Wall Temperature Variations

Numerical simulations focusing on convective heat transfer with complex wall temperature variations, as well as conjugate heat transfer problems involving solids are performed. Simulations are made using the GASP Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)code, which solves the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). GASP has been modified by adding a solid heat conduction solver, enabling the coupling of RANS with the heat equation for an isotropic solid. Validation cases involving convective heat transfer are considered using both one- and two-equations turbulence models. Predicted Stanton numbers for low Mach number turbulent boundary layers closely agree with experimental results from Reynolds et al. 1,2 for a constant wall temperature, a step and a double pulse in wall temperature. Simulations of supersonic boundary layers with a step in wall temperature are also performed. Good agreement is found for velocity and temperature profiles when compared with measurements from Debieve et al. 3 as well as for the skin friction and Stanton number. The flow field and wall temperature distribution inside a supersonic cooled nozzle is computed using a new conjugate heat transfer algorithm in GASP. Results agree well with measurements from Back et al. 4
Marketing Constraints Facing Emerging Small-Scale Pig Farmers in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Abstract While many studies have identified marketing as a constraint in the agricultural sector in South Africa, few have attempted to investigate the extent to which emerging small-scale farmers are able to access high-value markets in the pig industry. The main objective of this study was to examine marketing constraints faced by emerging small-scale pig farmers in Gauteng province. The research also investigated the effects of socio-economic factors on pig farmers’ annual net incomes. Thirty three farmers constituting about 65 percent of small-scale pig farmers were randomly selected in the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data which was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The major marketing constraints faced by the emerging small-scale pig farmers include: lack of finance, poor marketing information access, lack of access to the existing high-value markets, poor market infrastructure and smaller herd sizes. The results of a multiple regression function indicate that, access to quality extension service and sizes of breeding herd have a positive and significant effect on the farmers’ net incomes. Recommendations suggested include: provision of quality extension services for the farmers in order to equip them with important production and marketing skills and the supply of useful marketing information. Furthermore, the formation of farmers’ cooperatives will enable the farmers to pool and market their products together to overcome the individual small production outputs problem and to attract favourable policies and support from government.
Production of polyclonal antiserum against Cowpea mild mottle virus coat protein and its application in virus detection

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV), the causal agent of stem necrosis disease, has drawn attention of soybean producers in recent years due to yield losses in the main producing regions of Brazil. Serological methods for viral detection require the use of an antiserum of good quality to achieve specificity and sensitivity. The entire coat protein gene of a Brazilian CpMMV isolate was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21::DE3 for in vitro expression. The coat protein, fused to a His-tag, was purified under denaturing conditions by affinity chromatography using a Ni-NTA resin. After renaturation, the integrity and identity of the purified recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-Page and MALDI-ToF/ToF mass spectrometer analyses. A rabbit was immunized with increasing amounts of the recombinant protein. The specificity and sensitivity of the antiserum was demonstrated by Western blot and indirect ELISA assays. The polyclonal antisera raised against recombinant coat protein proved to be a reliable tool for CpMMV detection.
Wellbeing in the Classroom: How an Evolutionary Perspective on Human Musicality Can Inform Music Education.

Group singing is a common feature of classroom-based music education, and has often been proposed to have benefits that extend beyond acquisition of music skills, primarily in academic achievement. However, potential social and emotional well-being benefits have been under-represented in these discussions. This article proposes that an evolutionary lens provides a helpful framework for understanding how music education can contribute to student well-being. Specifically, group singing may a) create a shared emotional experience which is generally positive; and b) increase group cohesion and pro-social behaviours. It is proposed that, while these changes are generally immediate and short-term, regular participation in group singing may lead to stable, persistent changes in affective style and sociability. The implications for music education are discussed, particularly for improving the social and emotional wellbeing of students.
Clinical Application of Coagulation Biomarkers

Coagulopathy is of intense interest in the fields of emergency medicine, with many recent studies of coagulation biomarkers for clinical use. The occurrence of disseminated intra vascular coagulation (DIC) also resulted in the activation of studies about the coagulopa - thy. At present DIC has been admitted in many clinical conditions and many coagulation biomarkers have been studied. Fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer are one type of coagulation biomarker. A characteristic of FDP and D-dimer is the rapid and dynamic elevation of their levels when fibrinolysis occurs in several acute diseases. In this chapter, we present the clinical application of FDP and D-dimer. In trauma, FDP and -dimer have been used for the evaluation of trauma severity, to predict the likelihood of hemorrhage and to evaluate the need for the transfusion of packed red blood cells. In cardiac pulmonary arrest (CPA), FDP and D-dimer have been useful for predicting the return of spontaneous circulation. Thus, the measurement of coagulation biomarkers is useful in the diagnosis and/or treatment of trauma and CPA.
1-1990 Aging , Job Satisfaction , and Job Performance

The national trend to earlier retirement is surprising in light of conventional wisdom holding that older workers are healthy, satisfied and productive employees -sometimes even more so than their younger counterparts. This paper examines whether conventional wisdom is wrong by reviewing existing studies and noting some of their most important shortcomings. New empirical evidence is provided on the links between aging, job satisfaction, and job performance using data from a nationally representative survey of workers.
Establishment of a duplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Rift valley fever virus and peste des petits ruminants virus

Rift valley fever(RVF) and peste des petits ruminants(PPR) are both highly contagious diseases of ruminants caused by RVF virus (RVFV) and PPR virus (PPRV), which are both the notifiable multiple species diseases in the OIE list. In order to establish a rapid method for detecting of RVF and PPR, two pairs of primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence information of RVFV and PPRV published in GenBank. The duplex RT-PCR which contained two pairs of the primers and two templates in one PCR system was established and then the reaction conditions were optimized including temperature and primers concentration. The results showed that the target sequence-products of RVFV and PPRV were 318bp and 589bp, and the duplex RT-PCR assay could be used to detect the RVFV and PPRV with good sensitivity and the detection limit were approximately 53 copies of PPRV and 68 copies of RVFV. Besides, the specificity test proved that there were no cross-reaction with Foot and mouth disease virus, sheep pox virus, E.coli , Salmonella and Pasteurella multocida isolated from ruminants and blood sample of healthy sheep.
Screening cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasm for canopy maintenance under water stress.

Cowpea provides a cheap source of proteins, vitamins and other important nutritive elements to smallholder farmers in Malawi, but moisture stress remains a big production challenge in drought prone areas. With the aim of identifying locally adapted cowpea germplasm with drought tolerance, 36 accessions were characterised for canopy maintenance in a glasshouse at Massey University, Palmerston North. Seedlings were adequately watered until the third week after germination, and then received no water for four weeks before being re-watered for the final two weeks. Canopy responses were scored using leaf wilting scales, leaf wilting index (LWI), relative water content, re-growth and stem greenness. The accessions showed highly significant variations (P<0.0001) for all the measured parameters. Accessions 479, 601, 645, 2226 and 3254 showed apical re-growth, high relative water content, stem greenness and lower scores for both leaf wilting scales and LWI at a soil moisture content of 2.9%. In contrast, accessions 517, 2231, 2232, 2883 and 3215 showed high levels of drought susceptibility. Multivariate analysis identified 5 distinct clusters with accessions in cluster 4 being drought tolerant and accession in cluster 5 being the most susceptible. The accessions in these contrasting clusters could provide genotypes for further genetic and crop improvement studies.
Object-oriented modelling of a flexible beam including geometric nonlinearities

In this paper, an efﬁcient approach for the modelling and simulation of slender beams subject to heavy inertial loads is presented. The limitations imposed by a linear formulation of elasticity are overcome by a second order expan-sion of the displacement ﬁeld, based on a geometrical exact beam model. In light of this, the nonlinearities of the elastic terms are shifted as inertial contributions, which yields an expression of the equations of motion in closed form. Thanks to the formulation in closed form, the proposed model is implemented in Modelica, with particular care to the suitability of the model with respect to the Modelica Multibody library. After describing the model formulation and implementation, the paper presents some simulation results, in order to validate the model with respect to benchmarks, widely adopted in literature.
Histology and Fine Structure of the Ultimobranchial Gland in the Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

The ultimobranchial gland of the zebrafish (Brachydanio reria) was examined by light and electron microscopy. The gland was located beneath the ventral wall of the esophagus and composed of many follicles consisting of two types of cells, a few agranular cells and a dominant number of granular cells. The glandular epithelium of immature fish was low in height, and the fine structure of the granular cells suggested their low activity. In mature males, the height of the epithelium was as low as in immature fish, and no mitotic figures were found. The gland of mature females showed hyperactive features, that is, increased height of the epithelium, a larger accumulation of secretory granules, a higher mitotic activity of the cells and a more voluminous gland. The granular cells eight hours after spawning had more secretory granules than those two days after spawning, while the agranular cells showed an increase in number two days after spawning. No difference was observed between the granular cells of mature males and feamles as to the development of cell organelles. These results seemed to support a hypothesis that the ultimobranchial gland in fishes plays a sexrelated role at least during the maturation of females.
Topology Controlled Energy Proficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Random deployment in Wireless sensor networks lead to spatial node redundancy in close knit sensor networks. In this paper, an improved energy proficient PEGASIS based protocol (PEGASIS-TC) has been proposed. PEGASIS-TC exploits this spatial node redundancy by finding optimal subset of nodes that guarantee connectivity and turns off the remaining nodes based on C TR (Critical transmission range) to conserve energy which can be used in later stages to extend the network lifetime. The simulation results obtained show that PEGASIS-TC gives an increase in network lifetime as compared to PEGASIS.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE: THE GLOBAL ANTI-CORRUPTION DISCOURSE—TOWARDS INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT?

SUMMARY In introducing the special issue, this essay draws together international experiences by way of examples that have appeared in the Public Administration and Development journal over recent decades. What has worked in global anti‐corruption? What has not? And is there a need for a more holistic approach to global anti‐corruption in terms of integrity management, given that the nature of public sector corruption is changing and boundaries between public and private sectors have become politically blurred? Against the background of key concepts, what have been the trends and issues of corruption and integrity in the public/civil services and honest government at national and international levels? The range of approaches and strategies are outlined, followed by selected national cases across the regions. Second, the essay assesses the major institutional approaches and their shortcomings and presents elements of an alternative approach on the basis of civic education and the nurturing of reflexivity. Citizens are central to this thinking in terms of sensitising them to public ethics. (Re)orienting public officials towards becoming reflective public officials, that is, why they are public officials and who is the public, could not be more pertinent to recent revolutionary events in much of the Arab world. The debate continues. Recent developments such as political corruption and corruption at the sectoral (e.g. water and education), decentralised, local government and city levels are discussed. Although we cannot switch entirely to personal values, the technical solutions by themselves have not proved as successful as their proponents had hoped, and other approaches are essential to replace and/or complement them. -super-1 Finally, the focus of the special issue is outlined, with its stress on providing perspectives that not only add to the discourse on global anti‐corruption but provide practitioners with policy‐relevant guidance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical field stimulation-induced excitatory responses of pulmonary artery rings from monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats: influence of the endothelium

Background : Nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation is attenuated in pulmonary artery segments from monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. However, the influence of the endothelium on adrenergic neurotransmission in the rat pulmonary artery has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the endothelium on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced excitatory responses of pulmonary artery segments from pulmonary hypertensive rats. Methods : Pulmonary hypertension was induced in rats with a single dose of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) and 21 days later, arterial rings were set up for isometric tension recording. EFS-induced contractions were recorded in the presence or absence of drugs. Results : Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced frequency-dependent contractions in artery segments from control rats and these contractions were not affected by removing the endothelium. L-NAME (10-4 M), a nonselective NO synthase inhibitor, but not 7-NI, a selective neuronal NO synthase inhibitor, potentiated EFS-induced contractions. In addition, L-NAME had no effect on EFS-induced contractions in artery segments without the endothelium indicating a role for endotheliumderived NO in modulating adrenergic neurotransmission in the pulmonary artery. EFS also induced frequency-dependent contractions of artery segments from pulmonary hypertensive rats. These contractions, expressed relative to KCl-induced contractions, were greater in artery segments from pulmonary hypertensive rats. L-NAME (10-4 M) potentiated EFS-induced contractions of artery segments from MCT-treated rats and did not discriminate between artery segments from control and MCT-treated rats. L-NAME potentiated noradrenaline-induced contractions in artery segments from both groups indicating that the effect of L-NAME was mediated post-junctionally. Conclusion : Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension is associated with enhanced contractile response to EFS In addition, the modulatory effect of endothelial nitric oxide is unaltered in artery segments from pulmonary hypertensive rats. Keywords : Monocrotaline, pulmonary artery, pulmonary hypertension, electrical field stimulaion, NO synthase
Molecular and Morphological Diversity in the Plant Genus Chaenomeles

In this paper, five studies on diversity in the plant genus Chaenomeles are summarised. Genetic resources in the genus Chaenomeles were evaluated using molecular markers and morphological characters. Population differentiation and diversity were estimated in cultivated and wild plant material. In agreement with studies on cultivated Chaenomeles material, native material of C. japonica was strongly differentiated from C. speciosa, C. cathayensis and C. thibetica. Populations of C. japonica and C. speciosa were considerably more diverse than populations of C. cathayensis and C. thibetica. Furthermore, evidence of spontaneous hybridisation in native populations between C. cathayensis and C. speciosa was obtained. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and morphological characters revealed concordant patterns of genetic relatedness among the offspring families studied. To increase diversity in breeding populations and collections, different strategies for sampling of wild plant material are proposed for C. japonica and C. speciosa on the one hand, and C. cathayensis and C. thibetica on the other.
Insights into intelligent parking technology adoption

Although the first patent for a parking meter was filed more than 70 years ago, since that time, the technology has barely changed. This paper focuses primarily on what intelligent parking technology (IPT) offers parking consumers and whether or not they are willing to adopt it. Prior studies on technology adoption and diffusion provide a theoretical framework. This research surveyed 133 drivers to explore the perceived value for drivers from different parking technologies currently available to parking providers. Findings from the driver surveys indicate that drivers are more than willing to adopt IPT. The majority of drivers indicated that they believed they would get some value from the specific parking technologies presented. Furthermore, the majority of drivers also stated that they would be willing to pay more for a parking space if IPT added value for them.
An Efficient Neural Algorithm for the Multiclass Problem

One connectionist approach to the classification problem, which has gained popularity in recent years, is the use of backpropagation-trained feed-forward neural networks. In practice, however, we find that the rate of convergence of net output error is especially low when training networks for multi-class problems. In this paper, we show that while backpropagation will reduce the Euclidean distance between the actual and desired output vectors, the difference between some of the components of these vectors will actually increase in the first iteration. Furthermore, the magnitudes of subsequent weight changes in each iteration are very small, so that many iterations are required to compensate for the increased error in some components in the initial iterations. We describe a modular network architecture to improve the rate of learning for such classification problems. _ Our basic approach is to reduce a K-class problem to set of K two-class problems with a separately trained network for each of the K problems. We also present the results from several experiments comparing our new algorithm and approach with standard backpropagation, and find that speedups of about one order of magnitude can be obtained.
Is South Africa's inflation target too persistent for monetary policy conduct?

Can the South African Reserve Bank’s (SARB) substantially control inflation within their set target of 3-6 percent? We sought to investigate this phenomenon by examining multiple threshold effects in the persistence levels of quarterly aggregated inflation data collected between 2003 and 2014. To this end, we employ the three-regime threshold autoregressive (TAR) model of Hansen (2000). We favour this approach over other conventional linear econometric models as it permits us to test for varying persistency within the autoregressive (AR) components of the inflation process. Our empirical explorations reveal that the SARB’s set target does indeed lie within a range in which inflation is found to be most persistent. Overall and more importantly, our results suggest that the SARB should either consider revising their set inflation target by redefining the inflation target range to accommodate higher inflation rates or the Reserve Bank should consider abandoning the inflation targeting regime altogether.
Development of tools for the management of oyster nurseries: static and dynamic modelling

This work presents a modelling application designed to provide practical guidance about food limitation in oyster nurseries for seed stock management. The model was implemented and evaluated for the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Scientific knowledge about feeding activity of oyster spat was embedded into a single compartment mass balance. This approach applies to enclosed nurseries such as floating upwelling systems (FLUPSY) or landbased tanks. The mass balance model estimates the i) optimal stock as a function of typical external food concentrations, or ii) the food concentration required for a given stock. Overall this work aims to support oyster farming which is an important activity from a socioeconomic standpoint and for the provision of ecosystem services. While existing ecological models are widely applied for understanding the interactions between the wider ecosystem and farming systems, models are seldom targeted and used directly by farmers. Oyster farmers can use the model to improve the application of general rules of thumb to estimate the stock biomass to hold in their nursery. The mass balance model presented herein is available online (http://seaplusplus4.com/oysterspatbud.html) for widespread use.