Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WIC Eligibility and Participation: The Roles of Changing Policies, Economic Conditions, and Demographics

Abstract This paper studies WIC eligibility and participation. These outcomes are related to economic conditions, Medicaid, cash welfare, and WIC policies, and demographic characteristics. The analysis uses state level data from 1983 to 2006, a period that covers significant expansion in the Medicaid program, the transition from AFDC to TANF, and significant changes in economic conditions. The results show that take-up has increased more than eligibility over this time period. Separating eligibility and participation is important because a number of state characteristics have opposite effects on these outcomes. Economic conditions, the Medicaid expansions, and immigration in the post-TANF period are shown to be associated with WIC eligibility and participation.
Targeting Inflation over the Short , Medium and Long Term

A central bank pursuing the policy of inflation targeting aims to keep inflation as close as possible to a pre-announced value. But which ‘inflation’ should this be? Quarterly, annual, biennial? In theoretical models it is typically inflation during one period. We analyze how changing the period over which the inflation rate is defined — i.e. changing central bank preferences — affects optimal monetary policy. It is shown that when targeting inflation is the sole objective of the central bank, more aggressive monetary policy results; but when output stabilization is also a concern, a ‘longer-term view’ typically leads to a more cautious conduct of monetary policy and less variability in output. The conditions under which inflation targeting in effect becomes price level targeting are also examined.
Estimation Of Saxophone Alternate Fingerings’ Conﬁgurations

A method to estimate the saxophone fingerings’ configurations is presented. This is not solely a problem of pitch detection since a sounding pitch can be produced by multiple fingering configurations. The widely used spectral envelope technique in similar problem of speech analysis as a vocal tract impulse response is not sufficient to solve the problem because a player can alter the envelope by controlling the reed vibration through embouchure and blowing pressure. Motivated by Saxophone playing technique, a theoretical model is proposed based on sub harmonics’ and main harmonics’ positions to identify fingerings by measuring the similarity of the input sound spectrum peaks’ positions and models. The proposed method has achieved the accuracy of 73% on a dataset of Bb tenor saxophone recordings, the result has been improved to 87% with combination of pitch as a complementary feature.
Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on seed yield and other morphological traits of the leafy vegetable

Bennett, E. , Gawthrop, F. , Yao, C. , Boniface, C. , Ishihara, H. , Roberts, J. and Wagstaff, C. (2013) Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on seed yield and other morphological traits of the leafy vegetable kale (Brassica oleracea). Aspects of Applied Biology, 119. pp. 201­216. ISSN 0265­1491 (special issue 'Fruits & Roots: a celebration and forward look') Available at http://centaur.reading. ac.uk/37437/
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Bone Regeneration in Midpalatal Suture after Rapid Maxillary Expansion

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hızlı üst çene genişletmesi sonrası midpalatal suturaya düşük enerji seviyeli lazer uygulamasının suturada kemik rejenerasyonu üzerine etkisini bilgisayarlı tomografi kullanarak değerlendirmektir. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma yaşları 10 ile 15 arasında değişen tek taraflı ya da çift taraflı çapraz kapanışla birlikte gözenen iskeletsel maksiller yetersizlik (>5 mm) gözlenen toplam 30 hasta üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Hızlı üst çene genişletmesi amacıyla bütün hastalara hyrax apareyi uygulanmıştır. 30 hasta lazer grubu (n=15) ve kontrol grubu (n=15) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Hyrax apareyi sabah ve akşam bir tur olmak üzere günde iki tur aktive edilmiştir. Çalışmada diyot lazer kullanılmıştır (3 W, = 810 nm, =3,5 cm2). Lazer 48 saat aralıkla toplam 5 seans uygulanmıştır. Lazer sürekli modda ve her seans 15 sn uygulanmıştır. Aktarılan toplam enerji 45 j ve enerji yoğunluğu 13j/cm2’dir. Lazerin başlığı üst kesici dişlerin singulumlarının arkasına yerleştirilerek uygulama yapılmıştır. Lazer grubundan son lazer seansından 1,5 ay sonra, kontrol grubundan ise genişletmenin tamamlanmasından 3 ay sonra düşük doz bilgisayarlı tomografi kayıtları alınmıştır. Densite hounsfield unit olarak ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Kontrol ve lazer gruplarında midpalatal suturanın kemik yoğunlukları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamsızdır. (p>0,05) Midpalatal suturanın kemik densitesi her iki grupta da neredeyse aynı Hounsfield Unit değerindedir. Sonuçlar: Hızlı üst çene genişletmesi sırasında düşük enerji seviyeli lazer uygulaması retansiyon süresini kısaltmakta ve midpalatal suturada kemik rejenerasyonunu hızlandırmaktadır. Median suturadaki kemik yoğunluğu temelinde değerlendirildiğinde, 3 aylık stabilite 1,5 ay sonra elde edilebilmiştir. Hızlı üst çene genişletmesi sonrası düşük enerji seviyeli lazer uygulamasının retansiyon süresi ve stabilite üzerinde etkin bir rolü olabilir. (Türk Or to don ti Der gi si 2011;24:83-96)
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at an antiferromagnetic interface: First-principles study of Fe/Ir bilayers on Rh(001)

We study the magnetic interactions in atomic layers of Fe and 5d transition-metals such as Os, Ir, and Pt on the (001) surface of Rh using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. For both stackings of the 5d-Fe bilayer on Rh(001) we observe a transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange interaction upon 5d band filling. In the sandwich structure 5d/Fe/Rh(001) the nearest neighbor exchange is significantly reduced. For FeIr bilayers on Rh(001) we consider spin spiral states in order to determine exchange constants beyond nearest neighbors. By including spin-orbit coupling we obtain the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). The magnetic interactions in Fe/Ir/Rh(001) are similar to those of Fe/Ir(001) for which an atomic scale spin lattice has been predicted. However, small deviations between both systems remain due to the different lattice constants and the Rh vs. Ir surface layers. This leads to slightly different exchange constants and DMI and the easy magnetization direction switches from out-of-plane for Fe/Ir(001) to in-plane for Fe/Ir/Rh(001). Therefore a fine tuning of magnetic interactions is possible by using single 5d transition-metal layers which may allow to tailor antiferromagnetic skyrmions in this type of ultrathin films. In the sandwich structure Ir/Fe/Rh(001) we find a strong exchange frustration due to strong hybridization of the Fe layer with both Ir and Rh which drastically reduces the nearest-neighbor exchange. The energy contribution from the DMI becomes extremely large and DMI beyond nearest neighbors cannot be neglected. We attribute the large DMI to the low coordination of the Ir layer at the surface. We demonstrate that higher- order exchange interactions are significant in both systems which may be crucial for the magnetic ground state.
THE INFRARED COLORS OF THE SUN

Solar infrared colors provide powerful constraints on the stellar effective temperature scale, but they must be measured with both accuracy and precision in order to do so. We fulfill this requirement by using line-depth ratios to derive in a model-independent way the infrared colors of the Sun, and we use the latter to test the zero point of the Casagrande et al. effective temperature scale, confirming its accuracy. Solar colors in the widely used Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) JHKs and WISE W1–4 systems are provided: (V − J)☉ = 1.198, (V − H)☉ = 1.484, (V − Ks)☉ = 1.560, (J − H)☉ = 0.286, (J − Ks)☉ = 0.362, (H − Ks)☉ = 0.076, (V − W1)☉ = 1.608, (V − W2)☉ = 1.563, (V − W3)☉ = 1.552, and (V − W4)☉ = 1.604. A cross-check of the effective temperatures derived implementing 2MASS or WISE magnitudes in the infrared flux method confirms that the absolute calibration of the two systems agrees within the errors, possibly suggesting a 1% offset between the two, thus validating extant near- and mid-infrared absolute calibrations. While 2MASS magnitudes are usually well suited to derive , we find that a number of bright, solar-like stars exhibit anomalous WISE colors. In most cases, this effect is spurious and can be attributed to lower-quality measurements, although for a couple of objects (3% ± 2% of the total sample) it might be real, and may hint at the presence of warm/hot debris disks.
Development and Validation of a Novel Particle Source for Nano-sized Test Aerosols

In the EU, there is an increasing need for regulatory agencies to establish health-based threshold limits for airborne particles. A prerequisite for such projects is the validation and comparison of existing and newly developed particle analyzers. Corresponding proficiency tests have often been conducted with the help of inter-laboratory tests using test aerosols. Although test aerosols in the micro- and the nanoscale range were produced with different generator systems at the technical center of the Institute for the Research on Hazardous Substances (IGF) in Dortmund, a stable and reproducible method of producing a low number concentration for nano-sized particles was not achieved. Inspired by a method of monodisperse droplet generation, we coupled a flame generator with a droplet generator and examined the concentration and the diameter of the formed particles as a consequence of the precursor concentration and the droplet frequency. In addition, the reproducibility of the method was tested daily, and the nanoparticles were collected and characterized microscopically. Finally, the measurements of the particle size distribution were mathematically examined. The resulting fits enable the prediction of the median particle diameter as a function of the precursor concentration and the frequency of the droplets. Overall, the performed experiments confirm that this system meets all the requirements with regard to a low number concentration and long-term stability and reproducibility and should therefore be suitable for further inter-laboratory round robin tests.
Characterization of bacterial communities and Asaia infection within field-collected and 1 laboratory-reared Aedes albopictus 2 3 4

19 The bacterial communities within mosquitoes are of interest for mosquito-borne disease 20 control strategies due to their influence on pathogen replication and transmission and effects on 21 insect vector fitness. Bacteria within mosquitoes, such as Asaia, are under investigation to 22 determine if they may be used in novel control applications. Asaia is an acetic acid bacterium in 23 the α-proteobacteria that has gained interest as a potential agent of symbiotic control due to its 24 association with mosquitoes of medical importance. Here, PCR-DGGE was used to examine the 25 bacterial community within Ae. albopictus, comparing field-collected females, laboratory-reared 26 females, and eggs. Asaia was detected within field-collected and laboratory-reared females, but 27 not within egg pools. Culturing Asaia from field-collected mosquitoes yielded two isolates, both 28 of which are >99% identical to strains identified in previous studies. We observed seasonal and 29 yearly variation in the presence of Asaia from mosquitoes collected in the field. Flowering 30 plants were collected in the field as possible sources of Asaia. The bacterium was present within 31 laboratory reared Aedes albopictus throughout the life cycle of the mosquito. Asaia was present 32 in midgut and testes, but rarely ovaries, suggesting a lack of vertical transmission. The results 33 suggest that, although Asaia associates with Ae. albopictus, it may be acquired opportunistically 34 from the mosquito’s surrounding environment. 35 36
Representation and type

In the last decade a number of changes have taken place in Dutch secondary education, including the introduction of the vocational vmbo level. Two of the main reasons were decreasing the gap between secondary and tertiary education, and adjusting learning to the demands of the times. These changes also apply to the subjects taught at secondary schools of all kinds. The emphasis now lies more on acquiring general or specific skills and information technology. Pupils use the computer to find relevant information, they learn the role of ICT in society and how ICT is used in specific professions. The way the pupils learn has also changed. By creating a workplace structure, for example, they learn theory in businesslike surroundings. These radical changes in the manner of teaching and learning have to take place in the traditional, classical structure of the existing school buildings. The actual building stock is still based on the conventional classroom, while the emerging didactic approaches require different activities like working in small groups of five to eight pupils or working individually. By developing a database of school buildings for secondary education in The Netherlands we aim to support analysis of the existing stock with respect to quantitative and qualitative characteristics that determine flexibility and adaptability to changes in social and educational conditions. Formal building types play an important role in this analysis, as they allow abstraction and encapsulation (Steijns and Koutamanis, 2005). One of the main hypotheses behind the database is that flexibility and adaptability can be expressed adequately at the level of the type. Individual characteristics of an instance are generally local constraints on the magnitude of change rather than on the possibility of the change itself.
High-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ToF-CIMS): application to study SOA composition and processing

Abstract. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) to study secondary organic aerosol (SOA) composition with a high-resolution (HR) time-of-flight mass analyzer (aerosol-ToF-CIMS). In particular, by studying aqueous oxidation of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) extracted from α-pinene ozonolysis SOA, we assess the capabilities of three common CIMS reagent ions: (a) protonated water clusters (H2O)nH+, (b) acetate CH3C(O)O− and (c) iodide water clusters I(H2O)n− to monitor SOA composition. Furthermore, we report the relative sensitivity of these reagent ions to a wide range of common organic aerosol constituents. We find that (H2O)nH+ is more selective to the detection of less oxidized species, so that the range of O / C and OSC (carbon oxidation state) in the SOA spectra is considerably lower than those measured using CH3C(O)O− and I(H2O)n−. Specifically, (H2O)nH+ ionizes organic compounds with OSC ≤ 1.3, whereas CH3C(O)O− and I(H2O)n− both ionize highly oxygenated organics with OSC up to 4 with I(H2O)n− being more selective towards multi-functional organic compounds. In the bulk O / C and H / C space (in a Van Krevelen plot), there is a remarkable agreement in both absolute magnitude and oxidation trajectory between ToF-CIMS data and those from a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). Despite not using a sensitivity-weighted response for the ToF-CIMS data, the CIMS approach appears to capture much of the chemical change occurring. As demonstrated by the calibration experiments with standards, this is likely because there is not a large variability in sensitivities from one highly oxygenated species to another, particularly for the CH3C(O)O− and I(H2O)n− reagent ions. Finally, the data illustrate the capability of aerosol-ToF-CIMS to monitor specific chemical change, including the fragmentation and functionalization reactions that occur during organic oxidation, and the oxidative conversion of dimeric SOA species into monomers. Overall, aerosol-ToF-CIMS is a valuable, selective complement to some common SOA characterization methods, such as AMS and spectroscopic techniques. Both laboratory and ambient SOA samples can be analyzed using the techniques illustrated in the paper.
Ontogenetic and seasonal changes in the feeding habits and trophic levels of two small pelagic fish species

ABSTRACT: We investigated ontogenetic and seasonal changes in the feeding ecology of 2 smallpelagic fish species, the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and the European pilchardSardina pilchardus in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean). By analysing the stable isotopes δ 13 Cand δ 15 N, we determined the seasonal variation in the food sources and in the trophic level ofthese species, and we examined dietary shifts during development. The results of these investiga-tions provided estimates of the diets of both species. We compared the values observed duringdifferent seasons (summer, autumn and winter) and at different developmental stages (late -larvae, juveniles and adults) for both species, together with the values of potential groups of prey(microplankton, cladocerans, copepods and appendicularians). Late-larvae preferred to feed onmicroplankton, although differences in the diet appeared after metamorphosis. Cladocerans wereusually the preferred prey when available (summer), and appendicularians were the preferredprey in autumn. During the winter, the diets seemed to be more heterogeneous. Different feedingbehaviours between the late-larvae of the 2 species were the most likely reason for the slightlydifferent trophic levels found in the present study. This research demonstrates that studies withstable isotopes can furnish an alternative and/or complementary method for determining the dietof small pelagic fishes over extended periods and provides comprehensive knowledge of the func-tioning of the pelagic ecosystem. KEY WORDS:
The Relationship between Sexual Function and Body Mass Index among Infertile Women

Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the relationship between sexual function and body mass index among infertile women. Methods: Descriptive correlational study, the study was conducted at a gynecology clinic at Benha educational hospital and Benha university hospital, a purposive sample (No. 200) all infertile women attended to the gynecological clinic of Benha educational hospital and Benha university hospital during 6 months. Two tools were used to collect the data of the study. 1st was an Arabic interview questionnaire to assess infertile women’s characteristics and sexual function. 2ndwas anthropometric measurements for the calculation of BMI. The results: the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was quite high in infertile women. In this study, being overweight and obese based on body mass index had a negative effect on the infertile woman’s sexual function and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was quite high in infertile women, which might be due to the lack of knowledge about marital issues and lack of training in the society. If body mass index is too high, it can have a great effect on fertility. In this study, being overweight and obese based on body mass index had a negative effect on the infertile woman’s sexual function, the study recommended that the allocation of a clinic for infertile women and educational programs should be implemented for the infertile women to increase their awareness regarding marital as well as sexual skills to be held by supportive groups in infertility clinics. Further studies are required to compare sexual function in fertile and infertile women, investigate the relationship between BMI and sexual function in fertile and infertile women, and determine the effects of BMI on infertility.
Pertussis Vaccine; the Past, the Present and the Future (A Mini Review)

The inception of the whole cell pertussis vaccine wP saw global reduction in reported cases, mortality and morbidity burden to the disease. But, in the late 90s, wP was replaced with acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) in most countries due to safety reasons. In recent years however, the annual reported cases of pertussis globally have increase greatly even among highly vaccinated groups, ; . This nurtures concerns about the level of protection aP bestows on the vaccinated individuals, . The aim of this current mini review is therefore to assess some recent reports and developments on the matter, evaluate how alarming the situation is by comparing the present to the past and the recommendations for roadmap into the future. Methodology: Boolean search was carried out on popular sites like PubMed and Google on publications and reviews on the topic. Results: Some researchers have attributed the recent surge in reported pertussis cases and deaths to reasons like waning of vaccine induced immunity, inefficacy, resistant strain development and mutated forms in the pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: For a successful control and eradication of the pertussis disease, new strategies needed to be implemented to factor in the estimated waning effect; 27% / year of 4 years in total reduction in efficacy. Multicomponent aP vaccine (n˃3) has also been reported to be as effective as the wP vaccine hence modification of the current aP vaccine or re-visiting of wP is can also be considered.
Wine phenolics: looking for a smooth mouthfeel

Each grape variety has its own phenolic profile. However, the concentration of the phenolic compounds present in wine mainly dependson winemaking processes. Phenolic compounds influence wine sensorial characteristics namely taste or mouthfeel, bitterness, astringency and color. Humans can perceive six basic tastes: sweet, salty; sour; umami; fat-taste and bitter taste. This last basic taste is considered as a defense mechanism against the ingestion of potential poisons. Some of the genes,encoding G-protein-coupled receptors TAS2Rs, which translate for these distinct bitter compounds detectors have been identified. Different phenolic compounds activate distinguished combination of TAS2Rs.Astringency in wine is primarily driven by proanthocyanidins, soluble protein-proanthocyanidins complexes which diminish the protective salivary film and bind to the salivary pellicle; insoluble protein-proanthocyanidins complex and proanthocyanidins are rejected against salivary film and trigger astringency sensation via increasing friction. Thus, the aim of this review is to expand the knowledge about the role of wine phenolic compounds in wine sensorial properties, namely in bitterness and astringency phenomenon’s.
Effect of Nano-Sized Fe2O3 on Microstructure and Hydration Resistance of MgO-CaO Refractories

In this work the effect of Nano-sized Fe2O3 on microstructure and hydration resistance of MgO-CaO refractories with 35 wt% CaO was investigated. MgO-CaO refractories with 35 wt% CaO content was prepared by using dolomite and magnesite calcined as starting materials and Nano-sized Fe2O3 (2,4, 6 and 8 wt%) as an additive. Samples were pressed into briquettes at a pressure of 90 MPa. Briquettes after drying at 110 oC for 24 hours were sintered at 1650 oC for 3 hours. Hydration resistance was measured at 25 oC in 95% relative humidity through the weight gain after 72 hours. According to the results, it is observed that when the amount of Nano-sizedFe2O3 added increased to 8 wt% the bulk density increased to 3.14 gr/cm3 and apparent porosity decreased to 8.20%. For the sample without addition, the mass gain after 72 hours was 1.76, which sharply decreased to 1.27 with increasing the amount of Nano-sized Fe2O3. With the addition of Nano-sized Fe2O3, bulk density and hydration resistance of the samples increased while apparent porosity decreased. Densification of MgO-CaO refractories was promoted to increase of Nano-sized Fe2O3 content. Nano-sized Fe2O3 addition led to formation of low melting phases such as C2F (2CaO.Fe2O3), CF (CaO.Fe2O3) and C3A (3CaO.Al2O3). The formation of this low melting point phases surrounding the CaO and MgO grain and grain boundaries and promoted densification of MgO-CaO refractories. The nature of Nano-sized Fe2O3 promoting densification is increasing the liquid phase sintering.