Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse events associated with single dose oral analgesics for acute postoperative pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane reviews.

BACKGROUND This is an update of a Cochrane overview published in Issue 9, 2011; that overview considered both efficacy and adverse events. This overview considers adverse events, with efficacy dealt with in a separate overview.Thirty-nine Cochrane reviews of randomised trials have examined the adverse events associated with individual drug interventions in acute postoperative pain. This overview brings together the results of those individual reviews. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of adverse event rates associated with single-dose oral analgesics, compared with placebo, for acute postoperative pain in adults. METHODS We identified systematic reviews in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on The Cochrane Library through a simple search strategy. All reviews were overseen by a single review group. We extracted information related to participants experiencing any adverse event, and reports of serious adverse events, and deaths from the individual reviews. MAIN RESULTS Information was available from 39 Cochrane reviews for 41 different analgesics or analgesic combinations (51 drug/dose/formulations) tested in single oral doses in participants with moderate or severe postoperative pain. This involved around 350 unique studies involving about 35,000 participants. Most studies involved younger participants with pain following removal of molar teeth.For most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol, and combinations not containing opioids, there were few examples where participants experienced significantly more or fewer adverse events than with placebo. For aspirin 1000 mg and diflunisal 1000 mg, opioids, or fixed-dose combination drugs containing opioids, participants typically experienced significantly more adverse events than with placebo. Studies of combinations of ibuprofen and paracetamol reported significantly fewer adverse events.Serious adverse events were rare, occurring a rate of about 1 in 3200 participants.Most reviews did not report specific adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite ongoing problems with the measurement, recording, and reporting of adverse events in clinical trials and in systematic reviews, the large amount of information available for single oral doses of analgesics provides evidence that adverse events rates are generally similar with active drug and placebo in these circumstances, except at higher doses of some drugs, and in combinations including opioids.
Prótesis total de rodilla en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson: Resultados preliminares

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive, chronic, neurodegenerative disorder with an approximate incidence of 31/100,000 persons in Argentina. The aim of this study was to assess a group of patients with Parkinson’s disease who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Methods:­ Between 2009 and 2011, 11 patients with Parkinson’s disease (average age 68 years, range 65-80) who underwent cemented posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated with a visual analogue scale for pain, the Knee Society Scoring, the WOMAC and the degree of subjective satisfaction. Degree of Par- kinson severity was measured with the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale. Complications were recorded. Results: The average follow-up was two years (range 1-3). Results for pain and function were: visual analogue scale for pain improved an average of 3 points; KSS pain 37/74; functional KSS 36/51, WOMAC 67/31. Satisfaction was good to excellent in 7 cases. The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale was 1.5 points preoperatively and 2.6 points postoperatively. There were 6 complications: two confusional syndromes, a deep venous thrombosis, a prosthetic dislocation and two painful prostheses. Conclusion: ­Total knee arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson’s disease is a procedure that improves functional outcomes and pain, but it produces more complications than in the general population.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005

If you want to feel better and stay healthy, make smart choices about food and physical activity every day. Eat foods that give your body the nutrients you need to be healthy. Get enough physical activity to stay fit and burn the calories you eat. Eating right and being physically active are habits that promote health and reduce your risk of major chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain cancers.
Healthcare‐acquired infections: prevention strategies

Healthcare‐acquired infections (HAI) impact on patient care and have cost implications for the Australian healthcare system. The management of HAI is exacerbated by rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Health‐care workers and a contaminated hospital environment are increasingly implicated in the transmission and persistence of multi‐resistant organisms (MRO), as well as other pathogens, such as Clostridium difficile. This has resulted in a timely focus on a range of HAI prevention actions. Core components include antimicrobial stewardship, to reduce overuse and ensure evidence‐based antimicrobial use; infection prevention strategies, to control MRO – particularly methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) and, more recently, multi‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria; enhanced institutional investment in hand hygiene; hospital cleaning and disinfection; and the development of prescribing guidelines and standards of care. AMR surveillance and comparisons of prescribing are useful feedback activities once effectively communicated to end users. Successful implementation of these strategies requires cultural shifts at local hospital level and, to tackle the serious threat posed by AMR, greater co‐ordination at a national level. HAI prevention needs to be multi‐modal, requires broad healthcare collaboration, and the strong support and accountability of all medical staff.
Die Bedeutung des HLA-DRBI-Gens bei der chronischen Polyarthritis

The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the HLA-DR4 is known since 1978. However, the significance of the HLA-DR4 for the pathogenesis of RA has not been uniformly accepted. Further studies revealed that also other HLA-DR alleles were associated with RA. With the application of molecular biology techniques, it could be demonstrated that the serologically typed HLA-DR4 allele consists of different alleles. Only some of them predispose for RA. These predisposing alleles share a conserved aminoacid sequence of the 3rd hypervariable region of the HLA-DRB1 gene at positions 70-74 and 86. This RA-associated sequence is called "Shaped Epitope" (SE). This SE is conserved not only between associated HLA-DR4 alleles, but between all HLA-DR-alleles which predispose for RA. Patients homozygous for the SE appear to have a more severe disease course than heterozygous patients. These data are based mainly on the results of cross-sectional studies. The value of HLA-DR alleles as prognostic markers for RA has to be investigated further in prospective studies. Seit Ende der siebziger Jahre wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem HLA-DR4 und der chronischen Polyarthritis (cP) diskutiert. Der Beitrag des HLA-DR4 Gens zur Pathogenese wurde zunachst unterschiedlich bewertet. Mit Hilfe der Molekularbiologie konnte gezeigt werden, das das serologisch definierte HLA-DR 4 Allel aus unterschiedlichen Subtypen besteht. Nur diejenigen Subtypen pradisponieren einen ungunstigen Verlauf der cP, die in der dritten hypervariablen Region der HLA-DRB1 Kette an Positionen 70-74 und 86 eine konservierte Aminosauresequenz aufweisen. Diese cP-assoziierte Sequenz wird in der angloamerikanischen Literatur als "Shared Epitope" (SE) bezeichnet. Alle weiteren HLA-DR Allele, die mit der cP assoziiert sind, z.B. HLA-DR1 Allele, besitzen ebenfalls diese Aminosaurensequenz. Trager des SE auf beiden Chromosomen weisen im Vergleich zu Heterozygoten einen ungunstigeren Krankheitsverlauf auf. Diese Ergebnisse wurden vorwiegend im Rahmen von Querschnittsstudien erarbeitet. Die Wertigkeit als Prognosemarker bei der cP mus noch in prospektiven Studien gezeigt werden.
Electronic spectrum of the propargyl cation (H2C3H(+)) tagged with Ne and N2.

The Ã(1)A1 ← X̃(1)A1 band system of the propargyl cation (H2C3H(+)) is measured over the 230-270 nm range by photodissociation of mass-selected H2C3H(+)-Ne and H2C3H(+)-N2 complexes in a tandem mass spectrometer. The band origin occurs at 37 618 cm(-1) for H2C3H(+)-Ne and 37 703 cm(-1) for H2C3H(+)-N2. Ground and excited state ab initio calculations for H2C3H(+) using the MCSCF and coupled-cluster (CC) response methods show that the ion has C2v symmetry in the ground X̃(1)A1 and excited Ã(1)A1 states and that the strong vibronic progression with a spacing of 630 cm(-1) is due to the C-C stretch vibrational mode, ν 5.
Méthodes d'analyse de la survie nette : utilisation des tables de mortalité, test de comparaison et détection d'agrégats spatiaux

La survie nette, indicateur cle de l'efficacite des systemes de soin dans la lutte contre le cancer, est un concept theorique representant la survie que l'on observerait dans un monde hypothetique ou le cancer etudie serait la seule cause de deces. En s'affranchissant de la mortalite due aux causes autres que ce cancer, elle permet des comparaisons entre populations. Dans cette these, apres presentation du concept et des methodes d'estimation de la survie nette quand la cause de deces est inconnue, nous etudions trois problematiques. La premiere porte sur les tables de mortalite utilisees pour estimer la survie nette. En France, ces tables sont stratifiees sur âge, sexe, annee et departement. Il serait interessant d'utiliser des tables stratifiees sur d'autres facteurs impactant la mortalite. Nous etudions l'impact du manque de stratification sur les estimations des effets des facteurs pronostiques sur la mortalite en exces (celle due au cancer en l'absence des autres causes de deces) par des etudes de simulations et sur donnees reelles. La deuxieme problematique porte sur la construction d'un test de type log-rank pour comparer des distributions de survie nette estimees par l'estimateur Pohar-Perme, estimateur non parametrique consistant de la survie nette. Notre troisieme problematique est de determiner dans une aire geographique des zones differentes en termes de survie nette. Nous adaptons une methode de detection de clusters a la survie nette en utilisant le test precedemment developpe comme critere de decoupage. Ce travail propose ainsi des developpements et outils nouveaux pour etudier et ameliorer la qualite de la prise en charge des patients atteints d'un cancer.
Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults

Considering the ample evidence of involvement of the glutamate system in the pathophysiology of depression, pre-clinical and clinical studies have been conducted to assess the antidepressant efficacy of glutamate inhibition, and glutamate receptor modulators in particular. This review focuses on the use of glutamate receptor modulators in unipolar depression.
A REVIEW OF THE TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO NATIONAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGIC PLAN 2004-2008

This paper presents a detailed review of the Trinidad and Tobago HIV/AIDS National Strategic Plan 2004-2008 (NSP), over the period 2004 to 2010. The NSP was developed to initiate an expanded response to the disease as well as to function as a decisive intervention in reducing the incidence and prevalence of the disease. The reality is that the NSP was developed within the context of the potential threat of HIV and AIDS to the socioeconomic base. The Plan was resourced based on the results of analyses which argued that the benefits of implementing the Plan outweighed the cost of so doing. This paper addresses the question of whether it made socioeconomic sense to invest the level of resources that were allocated to the HIV/AIDS NSP over the period 2004-2008. The assessment included an evaluation of the costs and consequences of the interventions. Additionally, a comparison of the goals and objectives of the NSP and the actual results achieved was undertaken, so as to determine the impact of the plan. The results show that the NSP achieved some of its objectives, particularly in the priority area of prevention. However, closer analyses indicate that the NSP was formulated against a weak health system platform, which proved to be a major challenge. In light of the challenges encountered in achieving the objectives, it is recommended that health sector reform measures be implemented to further curb the spread of HIV/AIDS in Trinidad and Tobago.
CONHECIMENTO DE PACIENTES OBESOS SOBRE OS RISCOS DE SAÚDE RELACIONADOS À OBESIDADE KNOWLEDGE OF OBESE PATIENTS ON THE RISKS OF OBESITY-RELATED HEALTH

A obesidade pode ser conceituada como uma condicao de acumulo anormal ou excessivo de gordura no organismo, levando a um comprometimento da saude. Estudo transversal, realizado com aplicacao de questionario e coleta de dados de prontuarios. Houve participacao de 58 pacientes obesos adultos. Compararam-se dois grupos: os que receberam aulas educativas e os que nao receberam. Avaliar o nivel de conhecimento de pacientes obesos em relacao aos riscos de saude decorrentes da obesidade. Ha homogeneidade entre os grupos quanto a sexo, idade, IMC, renda familiar, escolaridade e outras variaveis, o que e ideal para termos de comparacao, nao havendo diferenca estatistica. A maioria dos pacientes estudados (74,1%) chega ao servico de forma espontânea, sendo que 86,2% do total de obesos entrevistados procuram os grupos por motivo de saude e 13,8%, unicamente por estetica. Comparando- se os grupos, apesar de serem esperadas diferencas estatisticas entre eles, foi observado que ambos demonstraram ter o mesmo conhecimento previo sobre as consequencias da obesidade e, dentre elas, as mais lembradas foram diabetes, hipertensao e doencas cardiovasculares, sendo que a minoria relacionou ou citou doencas ortopedicas, como artrite. Pode-se constatar que o grupo de obesidade nao proporcionou aumento de conhecimento sobre os riscos da obesidade. Apesar das limitacoes do trabalho quanto ao numero de pacientes estudados e a nao comparacao com outros servicos, ve-se a importância de se conhecer a populacao atendida para, assim, promoverem- se acoes que visem a melhora da saude e mais conhecimento destes pacientes quanto aos riscos de obesidade.
Evidence for selection on gene expression in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa).

Artificial selection has been used throughout plant domestication and breeding to develop crops that are adapted to diverse environments. Here, we investigate whether gene regulatory changes have been widespread targets of lineage-specific selection in cultivated lines Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97 of rice, Oryza sativa. A line experiencing positive selection for either an increase or a decrease in genes' transcript abundances is expected to have an overabundance of expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) alleles that increase or decrease those genes' expression, respectively. Results indicate that several genes that share Gene Ontology terms or are members of the same coexpression module have eQTL alleles from one parent that consistently increase gene expression relative to the second parent. A second line of evidence for lineage-specific selection is an overabundance of cis-trans pairs of eQTL alleles that affect gene expression in the same direction (are reinforcing). Across all cis-trans pairs of eQTL, including pairs that both weakly and strongly affect gene expression, there is no evidence for selection. However, the frequency of genes with reinforcing eQTL increases with eQTL strength. Therefore, there is evidence that eQTL with strong effects were positively selected during rice cultivation. Among 41 cis-trans pairs with strong trans eQTL, 31 have reinforcing eQTL. Several of the candidate genes under positive selection accurately predict phenotypic differences between Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97. Overall, our results suggest that positive selection for regulatory alleles may be a key factor in plant improvement.
A Report by the Editor-in-Chief for MBE, Volume 31.

Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE) publishes research at the interface of molecular and evolutionary biology, including genomics. We consider manuscripts containing patterns, processes, and predictions at all levels of population, taxonomic, functional, and phenotypic organizations. We publish fundamental discoveries of broader scope and impact. We are also interested in new and improved methods, resources, technologies, and theories that will significantly advance evolutionary research. Occasionally, we publish balanced reviews of recent developments in genome evolution and forwardlooking perspectives suggesting future directions in a field or application of molecular evolution. MBE is entirely owned by the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE) and is published by Oxford University Press in conjunction with HighWire Press. In 2014, MBE remained committed to serving the scientific community by providing a high impact venue to publish scientific discoveries, methods, resources, reviews, perspectives, protocols, and press releases.
Deformation of Femoral Intramedullary Nails

Deformation of Kuntscher nails, inserted in the treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft, is a well-recognized It is produced by mechanical bending of the nail within the medullary canal as the limb is loaded on movement or weight-bearing. The resistance of the nail to bending is determined by contour, material, and diameter.4 Clinically, deformation has been attributed to premature weight-bearing, fracture comminution, and abnormal stress across the fracture. ’ The object of internal fixation is to ensure accurate reduction of the fracture by a device capable of resisting fracture movement until union. Such fixation permits early movement and mobilization of the injured limb. Deformation of the nail indicates mechanical failure of fixation and suggests the possibility of secondary bone complication. The effects of nail deformation on the progress of fracture union were investigated, and the results of protecting the limb in a caliper in the postoperative period were evaluated.
The Impact of Native State Switching on Protein Sequence Evolution

For proteins with a single well-defined native state, protein 3Dstructure is a major determinant of sequence evolution. On the other hand, many proteins adopt multiple, distinct native structures under different conditions ("conformational switches"), yet the impact of such native state switching on protein evolution is not fully understood. Here, we performed a proteome-wide analysis of how protein structure impacts sequence evolution for protein conformational switches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using pooled analysis of sites with similar packing or burial. We observed a strong linear relationship between residue evolutionary rate and residue burial for conformational switches. In addition, we found that conformational switches evolve significantly and consistently more slowly than proteins with a single native state, even after controlling for degree of residue burial or packing. Next, we focused on proteins that switch conformations upon molecular binding. We found that interfacial residues in these conformational switches evolve more slowly than interfacial residues in proteins with a single native state, and that the bound conformation is a better predictor for residue evolutionary rate than the unbound conformation. Our findings suggest that for conformational switches, the necessity to encode multiple distinct native structures under different conditions imposes strong evolutionary constraints on the entire protein, rather than just a few key residues. Our results provide new insights into the structure-evolution relationship of protein conformational switches.
Tools to define the melanoma‐associated immunopeptidome

Immunotherapies have been traditionally applied in malignant melanoma, which represent one of the most immunogenic tumours. Recently, immune checkpoint modulation has shown high therapeutic efficacy and may provide long‐term survival in a significant proportion of affected patients. T cells are the major players in tumour rejection and recognize tumour cells predominantly in an MHC‐dependent way. The immunopeptidome comprises the peptide repertoire presented by MHC class I and II molecules on the surface of the body's cells including tumour cells. To understand characteristics of suitable rejection antigens as well as respective effective T‐cell responses, determination of the immunopeptidome is of utmost importance. Suitable rejection antigens need to be further characterized and validated not only to systematically improve current therapeutic approaches, but also to develop individualized treatment options. In this review, we report on current tools to explore the immunopeptidome in human melanoma and discuss current understanding and future developments to specifically detect and select those antigens that may be most relevant and promising for effective tumour rejection.
Alternative Evolutionary Paths to Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Cause Distinct Collateral Effects

Abstract When bacteria evolve resistance against a particular antibiotic, they may simultaneously gain increased sensitivity against a second one. Such collateral sensitivity may be exploited to develop novel, sustainable antibiotic treatment strategies aimed at containing the current, dramatic spread of drug resistance. To date, the presence and molecular basis of collateral sensitivity has only been studied in few bacterial species and is unknown for opportunistic human pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present study, we assessed patterns of collateral effects by experimentally evolving 160 independent populations of P. aeruginosa to high levels of resistance against eight commonly used antibiotics. The bacteria evolved resistance rapidly and expressed both collateral sensitivity and cross-resistance. The pattern of such collateral effects differed to those previously reported for other bacterial species, suggesting interspecific differences in the underlying evolutionary trade-offs. Intriguingly, we also identified contrasting patterns of collateral sensitivity and cross-resistance among the replicate populations adapted to the same drug. Whole-genome sequencing of 81 independently evolved populations revealed distinct evolutionary paths of resistance to the selective drug, which determined whether bacteria became cross-resistant or collaterally sensitive towards others. Based on genomic and functional genetic analysis, we demonstrate that collateral sensitivity can result from resistance mutations in regulatory genes such as nalC or mexZ, which mediate aminoglycoside sensitivity in β-lactam-adapted populations, or the two-component regulatory system gene pmrB, which enhances penicillin sensitivity in gentamicin-resistant populations. Our findings highlight substantial variation in the evolved collateral effects among replicates, which in turn determine their potential in antibiotic therapy.