Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Omeprazole in Children: Pharmacokinetics and Effect on 24-Hour Intragastric pH

Background Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor, acting selectively on the gastric parietal cell H+K+-adenosine triphosphatase. Data on the intravenous route are limited in children and not available in infants. Objective This study was designed to determine the pharmacokinetics and the optimal dosage of intravenous omeprazole in patients younger than 30 months of age. Methods Nine children (three girls), aged 4.5 to 27 months, with normal liver and renal functions requiring intravenous omeprazole were studied. After enrollment in the study and randomization, omeprazole was administered once daily, at 8 am, as a 1-hour infusion. Group 1, consisting of the first four patients, received 20 mg/1.73 m2, and group 2, consisting of the following five patients, received 40 mg/1.73 m2. At day 3, a 24-hour intragastric pH and a pharmacokinetic study of omeprazole were performed. Plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Patients in group 2 had a significantly higher median pH (6.99 vs. 3.35;P = 0.01) and percent of monitored time with gastric pH >4 than children given 20 mg/1.73 m2 (90.6% vs. 44.8%;P < 0.01). Four had a pH more than 4 during more than 90% of the time versus none of the patients of group 1. The plasma concentration versus time curves showed rapid elimination of the drug. The median area under the curve of omeprazole was 0.78 &mgr;g · mL−1 · h−1 (range, 0.55–1.64 &mgr;g · mL−1 · h−1) and 3.95 &mgr;g · mL−1 · h−1 (range, 1.9–4.9 &mgr;g · mL−1 · h−1), respectively, in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Systemic clearance was not different between the two groups: median values were 0.68 and 0.42 L · kg−1 · h−1 (P = 0.22). Conclusions In critical situations, intravenous administration of omeprazole may be required in infants. The authors demonstrate that the dose of 20 mg/1.73 m2 is not effective in maintaining 24-hour gastric pH of more than 4 and that a dose of 40 mg/1.73 m2 is required.
Smac mimetic reverses resistance to TRAIL and chemotherapy in human urothelial cancer cells

Purpose: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) have been shown to contribute to resistance of neoplastic cells to chemotherapy and to biologic antineoplastic agents. Consequently, new agents are being developed targeting this family of proteins. In a panel of bladder cancer cell lines, we evaluated a Smac mimetic that antagonizes several IAPs for its suitability for bladder cancer therapy. Experimental design: A panel of seven bladder cancer cell lines were evaluated for sensitivity to the Smac mimetic compound-A alone, TRAIL alone, chemotherapy alone, compound-A plus TRAIL, and compound-A plus chemotherapy by DNA fragmentation analysis. IAP levels and caspase activation were examined by western blotting. Release of caspase-3 from X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most effective IAP, was assessed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Finally, siRNA knockdown of XIAP was correlated with the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis induced by compound-A plus TRAIL by DNA fragmentation and western blotting. Results: Single-agent compound-A had little effect, but compound-A augmented TRAIL- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Immunoblotting showed that combination treatment with compound-A and TRAIL resulted in cleavage of procaspase-3 and procaspase-7, activation of which irreversibly commits cells to apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation of XIAP showed displacement of active caspase-3 fragments from XIAP, supporting the proposed mechanism of action. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of XIAP similarly sensitized these cells to apoptosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that targeting of XIAP with the Smac mimetic compound-A has the potential to augment the effects of a variety of chemotherapeutic and biologic therapies in bladder cancer.
Dynamic controllers for I/O decoupling of neutral time delay systems with application to a coupled core nuclear reactor

In the present paper I/O decoupling controllers using either dynamic realizable state or output feedback and dynamic precompensator for the general class of linear neutral multi delay systems are derived. In both cases it is proven that the problem is always solvable while the general form of the decoupling controllers is presented. Finally, in order to demonstrate the proposed technique, it is applied to a numerical example as well as to the dynamic model of a coupled core nuclear reactor. In particular for the case of the nuclear reactor, a dynamic output feedback controller is presented analytically and the performance of the closed loop system is investigated. It was observed that the responses of the performance outputs were indeed decoupled. Furthermore, the behaviors of the responses correspond to the chosen closed loop transfer matrix. With respect to the remaining state variables and the control inputs, it was observed that they remained within acceptable limits.
Evidence for the GluR6 gene associated with younger onset age of Huntington’s disease

Article abstract Huntington’s disease (HD) is attributed to a triplet CAG repeat mutation, and about half of the variation in onset age can be explained by the size of the repeat expansion. Recently, a TAA repeat polymorphism in close linkage to the kainate receptor, GluR6, was reported related to onset age in HD. We examined this polymorphism in 258 unrelated HD-affected persons (172 from a clinic sample and 86 from a postmortem series). This study confirms that the 155 allele is associated with younger onset age of HD and suggests that it is in linkage disequilibrium with a variant of the GluR6 gene or another gene in this region.
MIMO Channel Sounder Based on Two Network Analyzers

Different channel sounders are reported in the literature to measure the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel, most of them being dedicated systems. In this paper, a MIMO channel sounder that is based on two network analyzers is presented. The measurement process is totally controlled by a PC via a wireless local area network (WLAN), a local area network (LAN), and a general-purpose interface bus, and they are synchronized by using two global positioning systems (GPSs). The system is restricted to static propagation environments. An advantage of this system is its configurability, thanks to which it is not wireless system dependent. Last, initial measurements in a laboratory of a university at 900 MHz for a 4times4 MIMO system are also presented.
The Measurement of Gene Mutation Rate in Drosophila, Its High Variability, and Its Dependence upon Temperature.

The failure of attempts to produce gene variation . The need for a means of measuring mutation rate . Lethals as a practicable index of mutation rate . 8 Temperature as the condition first to be investigated . THE METHOD OF ACCUMULATING MUTANT GENES BY THE AID OF "BALANCED LETHALS, " AS AT FIRST APPLIED Testing for lethals . The increase in number of mutant genes in succeeding generations . The prevention of differential survival . The synthetic balanced stock . The maintenance of separate lines of descent . The recognition of antecedent mutations . Insuring the unity of the source of tested chromatin in a given group of lines . The testing of the balanced lethal lines . Conditions of rearing of the lines . Results-determination of an autosomal mutation rate, and of a probably significant variation in the time-rate of mutation, associated with the temperature difference . PAGE
Isolation and pure culture of a freshwater magnetic spirillum in chemically defined medium

A bipolarly flagellated magnetotactic spirillum containing intracellular chains of single domain-sized magnetite crystals was isolated by applying a magnetic field to sediments from a freshwater swamp. The organism was cultured in a chemically defined medium containing ferric quinate and succinate as sources of iron and carbon, respectively. Nonmagnetic variants of this isolate were maintained in chemically defined medium lacking ferric quinate. In contrast to magnetic cells, these had less iron and lacked measurable magnetic remanence and the intracytoplasmic crystals. In other respects, including moles percent guanine plus cytosine content, growth characteristics, nutrition, and physiology, the two types were similar. The isolate reduced nitrate without accumulating nitrite and produced ammonia during growth. Nitrate or ammonium ions served as a nitrogen source. The organism was microaerophilic and did not grow anaerobically with nitrate in the medium. In chemically defined medium, cells synthesized magnetite only if the initial O2 concentration in the atmosphere of sealed cultures was 6% (vol/vol) or less.
Familial pancreatic cancer

In this review we present the existing literature on familial pancreatic cancer (FPC). Although there is no exact definition of this disease, there is consensus that FPC is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but the exact gene or genes responsible for this disease is/are still unknown. The penetrance of the trait is unknown. We briefly describe the classification into syndromic and non-syndromic FPC. We describe the definition of FPC from other centres and how these centres have chosen to follow patients with a predisposition to pancreatic cancer. Finally, we describe our present definition of FPC and discuss how and why we have chosen our surveillance programme.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) limits the expansion of encephalitogenic T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-resistant BALB/c mice

We and others previously reported that cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) regulates the severity of peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mouse strains that are inherently susceptible to the disease. In this report, we show that CTLA-4 engagement also controls disease susceptibility in BALB/c mice, a strain considered to be resistant to EAE induction. Although immunization of BALB/c mice with syngeneic spinal cord homogenate or an I-Ad-binding myelin peptide antigen failed to result in EAE, immunization with either antigen preparation in conjunction with anti-CTLA-4 resulted in both clinical and histological EAE. CTLA-4 blockade also resulted in a preferential increase in the frequency of antigen-specific T cells secreting IFN-γ. We conclude that CTLA-4 controls susceptibility in BALB/c mice by limiting the expansion of autoreactive T cells present in the periphery, suggesting a mechanism whereby CTLA-4 contributes to the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance to self antigens.
Relationship Between Environmental Sustainability and Human Development Index: A Case of Selected South Asian Nations

All the economists today have established that externalities (free-rider issues) and public goods are the leading causes of market failure, holding the utmost level of relevance of environmental economics. Pollution types can be segregated physically based on the channels (water, air and land) or the sectors responsible for causing it (e.g., industry, electricity generation, transport, agricultural waste disposal, etc.). Thus, sustainability emerges as a key challenge of the twenty-first century for public think tanks and business communities in the form of carbon emissions and global warming. So, in order to understand the role of sustainability in the era of development, the overall broader purpose of the current study is to study the quantitative linkages between human development index (HDI) (a sustainability measure of standard of living, i.e., per capita GDP) and environmental performance index (EPI, measure of environmental health and ecosystem vitality) for the selected South Asian nations (SANs) and comparative analysis of India with the selected developing nations from 2002 to 2016. To test whether the degree of economic expansion and standard of living have a systematic relationship with the level of environmental deterioration (existence of Kuznet curve hypotheses) in a country which poses a future threat to the global warming potential (GWP), the study employs dynamic panel modelling on selected SANs, followed by descriptive graphical synthesis to visualize the association for India in particular. Several other macroeconomic and capital flow variables, such as energy consumption, direct foreign investment and so on, are considered in the extended empirical model development in order to supplement the holistic review of the situation. The findings of the panel analysis discover HDI to be positively associated with EPI, depicting higher human capital accumulation leading to lower environmental damage and better environmental performance. Additionally, the results confirm the deviation from environmental Kuznet curve (EKC) hypotheses to link economic growth positively with climatic worsening (due to recent reversals). The study finds its niche to separate it from various other studies as it includes human capital accumulation in order to find its effect in the long run on sustainability indicator. The overall results suggest crucial policy implications. The combined efforts of government at local and national levels could help in infusing green technology-based infrastructure. Additionally, environment trading system (ETS) could further be promoted in developing nations, particularly in many Western developed nations, in order to have a greener sustainable future.
Place‐Based Policies, Firm Productivity, and Displacement Effects: Evidence from Shenzhen, China

We analyse the economic impacts of place-based policies that aim to enhance economic development by stimulating growth and productivity of firms in designated areas. We use unique panel data from China with information on manufacturing firms’ production factors, productivity and location, and we exploit temporal and spatial variation in place-based interventions due to the opening of science parks in the metropolitan area of Shenzhen. The identification strategy enables us to address the issues that (i) science parks are located in favourable locations and that (ii) high-productivity firms sort themselves in science parks. We find that productivity is approximately 15-25 per cent higher due to the policies. The results also show that local wages have increased in science parks. Weaker evidence suggests that displacement effects are sizeable.
Personality Predictors of Dimensions of Psychosocial Adjustment After Surgery

Objective Although many studies have examined the relationship between personality factors and adjustment after surgery, most of them have had very short follow-up periods. The present prospective study examines whether preoperative psychodynamic assessment of personality traits enhances prediction of various areas of psychosocial adjustment assessed at least 1 year after surgery. Methods In 53 patients undergoing pelvic pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis, we examined the relationship between personality traits measured before surgery, and postoperative psychosocial adjustment assessed at a median of 17 months postoperatively, controlling for the effect of surgical functional outcome. Personality traits were assessed with the Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile (KAPP). Surgical functional outcome scales and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) were used. Results Problems with sexual satisfaction, perfectionistic body ideals, lack of alexithymia, and poor frustration tolerance predicted poor postoperative adjustment in various areas, beyond what was predicted by surgical functional outcome alone. Moreover, moderate preoperative levels of alexithymia were beneficial to postoperative adjustment in the area of psychological distress. Conclusions The findings suggest that the preoperative assessment of the patient's long-term sexual functioning and satisfaction, the importance attached to his or her appearance, level of alexithymia, and general capacity to tolerate frustration and set-backs in life, might alert both the surgeon and the patient to potential risk factors for poor postsurgical adjustment.
The Effect of Do‐Not‐Resuscitate Orders on Physician Decision‐Making

The effect of do‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) orders on physicians' decisions to provide life‐prolonging treatments other than cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for patients near the end of life was explored using a cross‐sectional mailed survey. Each survey presented three patient scenarios followed by 10 treatment decisions. Participants were residents and attending physicians who were randomly assigned surveys in which all patient scenarios included or did not include a DNR order.
Cortical and subcortical connections of V1 and V2 in early postnatal macaque monkeys

Connections of primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas were revealed in macaque monkeys ranging in age from 2 to 16 weeks by injecting small amounts of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). Cortex was flattened and cut parallel to the surface to reveal injection sites, patterns of labeled cells, and patterns of cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining. Projections from the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar to V1 were present at 4 weeks of age, as were pulvinar projections to thin and thick CO stripes in V2. Injections into V1 in 4‐ and 8‐week‐old monkeys labeled neurons in V2, V3, middle temporal area (MT), and dorsolateral area (DL)/V4. Within V1 and V2, labeled neurons were densely distributed around the injection sites, but formed patches at distances away from injection sites. Injections into V2 labeled neurons in V1, V3, DL/V4, and MT of monkeys 2‐, 4‐, and 8‐weeks of age. Injections in thin stripes of V2 preferentially labeled neurons in other V2 thin stripes and neurons in the CO blob regions of V1. A likely thick stripe injection in V2 at 4 weeks of age labeled neurons around blobs. Most labeled neurons in V1 were in superficial cortical layers after V2 injections, and in deep layers of other areas. Although these features of adult V1 and V2 connectivity were in place as early as 2 postnatal weeks, labeled cells in V1 and V2 became more restricted to preferred CO compartments after 2 weeks of age. J. Comp. Neurol. , 2012;520:544–569. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of Voltage Flicker: Application to Grid-connected Wind Turbines

Electric power is an essential commodity for most industrial, commercial and domestic processes. As a product, electric power must be of an acceptable quality, to guarantee the correct behavior of the equipment connected to the power distribution system. Low-frequency conducted disturbances are the main factors that can compromise power quality. The IEC 610002-1 standard classifies low-frequency conducted disturbances in the following five groups: harmonics and interharmonics, voltage dips and short supply interruptions, voltage unbalance, power frequency variations and voltage fluctuations or flicker. Voltage fluctuations are defined as cyclic variations in voltage with amplitude below 10% of the nominal value. Most of the connected equipment is not affected by voltage fluctuations, but these fluctuations may cause changes in the illumination intensity of light sources, known as flicker. Flicker may produce a very unpleasant visual sensation, leading to complaints from utility customers. The annoyance level depends on the type of lamp and amplitude, frequency and duration of the voltage fluctuations. Its precise quantification is a complex task that must be statistically approached to characterize adequately the perception of a large number of people. A flickermeter must characterize the behavior of the lamp-eye-brain set that represents most people and must provide an indication of the discomfort, or flicker severity. In 1986, The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) published the first standard describing the functional and design specifications for the measurement of flicker. The main sources of flicker are large industrial loads, such as arc furnaces, or smaller loads with regular duty cycles, such as welding machines or electric boilers. However, from the point of view of power generation, flicker as a result of wind turbines has gained attention in recent years. Rapid variations in wind speed produce fluctuating power, which can lead to voltage fluctuations at the point of common coupling (PCC), which in turn generate flicker. The IEC 61400-21 standard establishes the procedures for measuring and assessing the power quality characteristics of grid-connected wind turbines. The section dedicated to flicker proposes a complex model for calculating the flicker coefficient that characterizes a wind turbine. This coefficient must be estimated from the current and voltage time series obtained for different wind conditions. The wind turbine being tested is usually connected to a medium-voltage network, having other fluctuating loads that may cause significant voltage fluctuations. In addition, the voltage fluctuations imposed by the wind turbine depend on the characteristics 15
Social conflict resolution regulated by two dorsal habenular subregions in zebrafish

How to win a fish fight When to cease aggression and escape is an important decision that fighting animals must make. Chou et al. characterized the role of two nuclei in a brain area of the zebrafish called the dorsal habenula (dHb) during social aggression (see the Perspective by Desban and Wyart). Silencing the lateral dHb reduced the likelihood of winning a fight, whereas silencing the medial dHb increased the likelihood of winning. Thus, these two nuclei antagonistically control the threshold for surrender. Science, this issue p. 87; see also p. 42 The neuronal basis for keeping the aggression of fighting fish in check is elucidated. [Also see Perspective by Desban and Wyart] When animals encounter conflict they initiate and escalate aggression to establish and maintain a social hierarchy. The neural mechanisms by which animals resolve fighting behaviors to determine such social hierarchies remain unknown. We identified two subregions of the dorsal habenula (dHb) in zebrafish that antagonistically regulate the outcome of conflict. The losing experience reduced neural transmission in the lateral subregion of dHb (dHbL)–dorsal/intermediate interpeduncular nucleus (d/iIPN) circuit. Silencing of the dHbL or medial subregion of dHb (dHbM) caused a stronger predisposition to lose or win a fight, respectively. These results demonstrate that the dHbL and dHbM comprise a dual control system for conflict resolution of social aggression.
Aspect based feature extraction and sentiment classification of review data sets using Incremental machine learning algorithm

As there is a exponential growth of social networks and due to large usage of social media, there is a increasing demand for data in the web for the users which leads to recent trends and ideas in the field of research. The users will be eagerly using these data for the future purpose and get information about the opinions of others thus there is a need of automatic summarization of opinion of the web users. Opinion Mining is a process of extracting and analyzing people's opinion regarding the given object and Sentiment Analysis explains about the hidden sentiments in the opinions. A most important challenge in this is to identify the sentiments and aspects and then perform the data classification based on these features and this process is called aspect based feature extraction. Opinion summarization can be done using machine learning such as maximum entropy, naive bayes, Support vector machine (SVM) model and, Random forest technique. The data sources to be taken for the proposed method are from customer review of product. In this paper experiments were conducted to compare the performance of proposed iterative decision tree method against other machine learning algorithms like SVM, Baseline, and Naive Bayes.