Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment prognostic factors and scoring system in 407 small‐cell lung cancer patients

In 407 patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC), 61 pretreatment variables were evaluated in a Cox multiple regression analysis to assess their prognostic value. All patients received short‐term intensive regimens (cyclophosphamide, etoposide and methotrexate or ifosfamide and etoposide, both followed by thoracic irradiation if complete response was noted). Lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.0001), tumour stage (p = 0.0001), serum sodium (p = 0.0009), pretreatment Karnofsky performance score (p = 0.0121), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0186) and serum bicarbonate (p = 0.0321) were the important prognostic factors. Once these variables were taken into account no other variable provided additional prognostic information. A simple scoring system (“Manchester Score”) using these variables was established and shows little loss of information compared to the Cox analysis. The score distinguishes 3 prognostic groups, the best of which contains all long‐term survivors, whereas the bad prognostic group contains no patient surviving longer than one year. The scoring system may help to design new treatment strategies and may also facilitate the comparison of different studies.
Energy-Efficient Optimization for Downlink Massive MIMO FDD Systems With Transmit-Side Channel Correlation

The energy-efficient resource allocation problem is investigated for the downlink massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-division duplexing (FDD) system under a correlated Rayleigh fading channel. Our objective is to maximize energy efficiency by adjusting the training duration, training power, and data power, under the constraint of the total transmit energy and spectral efficiency requirement for the user, which evaluates the impacts of the training and data transmission phases simultaneously. The optimization problem is established in a complicated form, where the difficulties lie in the nonanalytic expression of the involved objective function, as well as the nonconvex nature of the optimization problem. To solve it, the deterministic equivalent approximation methodology is introduced to obtain an accurate analytical expression of the cost function. Based on this, the optimization problem in a nonconvex fractional form is transformed into an equivalent optimization problem with a parametric subtractive form, which is still nonconvex. Thus, the objective function is lower bounded by a concave function, which leads to the availability of standard convex theory, and finally, an iterative resource allocation algorithm is proposed. Moreover, we obtain the closed-form solutions using the Lambert W function for some special channel cases. Numerical results validate the benefits of the proposed scheme and illustrate the tradeoff between training and data transmission.
Missing poor in the U.S

Given that poor individuals face worse survival conditions than non-poor individuals, one can expect that a steeper income/mortality gradient leads, through stronger income-based selection, to a lower poverty rate at the old age (i.e. the “missing poor” hypothesis). This paper uses U.S. state-level data on poverty at age 65+ and life expectancy by income levels to provide an empirical test of the missing poor hypothesis. Using air pollution as an instrument for mortality differentials, we show that instrument changes in mortality differentials have a negative and statistically significant effect on old-age proverty: A 1 % increase in the mortality differential implies a 9 % decrease in the 65+ headcount poverty rate. Using those regression results, we compute hypothetical old-age poverty rates while neutralizing the impact of the income/mortality gradient, and show that correcting for heterogeneity in income-based selection effects modifies the comparison of old-age poverty prevalence across states.
LIN: A new algorithm to simulate the dynamics of biomolecules by combining implicit‐integration and normal mode techniques

A central goal in molecular dynamics simulations is increasing the integration time‐step to allow the capturing of biomolecular motion on biochemically interesting time frames. We previously made a step in that direction by developing the Langevin/implicit–Euler scheme. Here, we present a modified Langevin/implicit–Euler formulation for molecular dynamics. The new method still maintains the major advantage of the original scheme, namely, stability over a wide range of time‐steps. However, it substantially reduces the damping effect of the high‐frequency modes inherent in the original implicit scheme. The new formulation involves separation of the solution into two components, one of which is solved exactly using normal‐mode techniques, the other of which is solved by implicit numerical integration. In this way, the high‐frequency and fast‐varying components are well resolved in the analytic solution component, while the remaining components of the motion are obtained by a large time‐step integration phase. Full details of the new scheme are presented, accompanied by illustrative examples for a simple pendulum system. An application to liquid butane demonstrates stability of the simulations at time‐steps up to 50 fs, still with activation of the high‐frequency modes. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The relationship between anxiety and substance use disorders among individuals with severe affective disorders.

We sought to determine the association between anxiety disorders and substance use disorders among patients with severe affective disorders in a community-based outpatient treatment program. Two hundred sixty participants in a supported socialization program were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol and substance use disorders among patients with severe and persistent affective disorders (i.e., major depression and bipolar disorder). Among patients with severe and persistent affective disorders, cocaine (odds ratio [OR] = 5.9 [1.4, 24.6]), stimulant (OR = 5.1 [1.2, 20.9]), sedative (OR = 5.4 [1.2, 24.7]), and opioid use disorders (OR = 13.9 [1.4, 138.7]) were significantly more common among those with, compared with those without, anxiety disorders. This association persisted after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid psychotic disorders. Significant associations between panic attacks, social phobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and specific substance use disorders were also evident. These findings are consistent with and extend previous results by documenting an association between anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, independent of comorbid psychotic disorders among patients in a outpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program. These data highlight the prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders, a potentially undetected and therefore undertreated problem, among patients with severe affective disorders and substance use comorbidity. Future work is needed to determine the nature of this association and to determine whether treatment of one prevents onset of the other.
National wealth and intergenerational transfers; expanding sectoral balance sheets with non-monetary assets

This paper presents a closed set of balance sheets for the national economy where the wealth of a nation is attributed to households, (pe nsion) funds and the government. Using this framework of national accounting it is s hown how the various components of national wealth interact and how a taxonomy for intergenerational transfers can be derived. For some of the items in the balance sheet and for some of intergenerational transfers an estimate of their sizes is given for T he Netherlands. However, it is not possible to quantify these all of these transfers b ecause valuation of various immaterial components of wealth is infeasible. More over transfers within sectors, which are not shown in the flow of funds derived fr om the set of sectoral balance sheets, may also have the character of intergenerat ional transfers. This survey of various intergenerational transfers indicates that generational accounting only considers a small part of intergenerational transfe rs so that this methodology does not provide much information on intergenerational equit y from the perspective of justice.
The evolution of inter-regional spatial mismatch in the USA: The role of skills and spatial structure

The literature on spatial mismatch often focuses on a mismatch within cities or local labour markets. This paper looks at the spatial mismatch between local labour markets. Using US data, we study the evolution of inter-regional mismatch between 1980 and 2010 and how this evolution varies across skill levels. Since we expect the spatial structure of supply and demand in the labour market to play a central role at this geographical level, we develop an extension of the spatial mismatch index, as the standard version does not take this spatial structure into account. Our results indicate that spatial mismatch has been increasing over the past decades, an increase that is largely attributable to spatial structure effects. The inter-regional spatial mismatch mainly affects low-skilled jobs and workers: our findings suggest that the degree of the spatial mismatch for low-skilled, relative to high-skilled workers, increased from a ratio of two in 1980 to almost four in 2010.
Does Flypaper Effect Exist? New Evidence from Turkish Municipalities

Bu makalede, 1997-2005 yillari arasinda Turkiye’deki tum il ve ilce belediyelerinin mali verilerini iceren yeni ve detayli panel veri seti kullanilarak sinek kâgidi etkisi ve onun yerelde vergi gayreti ile iliskisi arastirilmistir. Sabit etki ve dinamik panel veri GMM tahmin yontemlerinden faydalanarak sinek kâgidi etkininin varligi test edilmistir. Tahmin sonuclarina gore, Turkiye’de belediyelerde sinek kâgidi etkisi varligi ortaya konulmustur. Bu sonuc, cesitli model ve ekonometrik tekniklerle desteklenmistir. Ayrica, sartsiz olarak merkezi yonetimden belediyelere verilen mali transferlerin yerelde gelir toplama gayreti uzerinde ikame etkisinin oldugu gorulmektedir.
Identification of Frontal Lobe Epileptic Foci in Children Using Positron Emission Tomography

Summary: Purpose: Presurgical evaluation for intractable frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is difficult and invasive, partly because anatomic neuroimaging studies with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically do not show a discrete lesion. In adult patients with FLE, functional neuroimaging of glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET) is less sensitive in detecting focal metabolic abnormalities than in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Comparable data on children with FLE are not available.
Proinflammatory cytokines in monitoring the course of disease and effectiveness of treatment with etanercept (ETN) of children with oligo- and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

BACKGROUND The demonstration of the quantitative prevalence of specific cytokines in JIA formed the basis for the introduction of biological anticytokine drugs to treatment. Routine assessment of the concentration of these cytokines in blood serum may enable earlier decision making on the legitimacy of biological treatment (anti-TNF). The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of TNFalpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in monitoring the course of the disease and effectiveness of treatment with etanercept of children with oligo- and polyarticular JIA. METHODS In a 1-year prospective study, cytokine levels were measured using ELISA in serum samples for 19 JIA patients in whom no clinical improvement was noted in spite of treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and glucocorticosteroids (GCS). All the patients started treatment with ETN. The control group included healthy children (n = 18). RESULTS Concentrations of TNF-a and IL-6 in blood serum at time 0 were significantly higher than in the control group. IL-6 concentration decreased during treatment with ETN in children in the inactive phase of the disease. Mean concentrations of TNF-a in serum increased several dozen times irrespective of clinical improvement. TNFalpha concentrations were statistically significantly higher in patients in the inactive phase of the disease in comparison with those in the active phase and correlated with the dose of ETN. Only the concentration of IL-6 correlated with the JADAS-27 value at all time points. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that IL-6 may serve as a biomarker of activity of the disease in children with JIA treated with ETN.
Unravelling roots of lianas: a case study in Sapindaceae.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Roots are key in the evolution of plants, being in charge of critical functions, such as water and nutrient uptake and anchorage of the plant body. Stems of lianescent Sapindaceae conform to the anatomical patterns typical of climbing plants, having cambial variants in their stems and vessel dimorphism in their wood. The roots of these lianas, however, are largely unexplored, so we do not know whether the plant habit has as strong an impact on their anatomy as on the anatomy of their stems. Our aim was, therefore, to thoroughly explore the anatomy of liana roots, underground organs under selective pressure completely different from that experienced by the stems. METHODS We studied mature roots of 14 species belonging to five of the six genera currently recognized in the lianoid tribe Paullinieae (Sapindaceae) using traditional methods for macro- and microscopic analyses, as well as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) techniques. KEY RESULTS Roots were shown to be strongly shaped by the lianescent habit in Paullinieae, exhibiting traits of the lianescent vascular syndrome in terms of both wood and overall anatomy. The only way to distinguish root from stem in secondary growth is by the exarch protoxylem position in the roots, as opposed to the endarch position typical of the stems. The most conspicuous trait of the lianescent vascular syndrome, which is the presence of vessel dimorphism, is evident in all roots, and we hypothesize that it helps to create an efficient, safe pathway for water conduction from this organ towards the stems. Other anatomical features present were parenchyma bands, present in the wood of almost all of the analysed species, except for Thinouia and Urvillea, where parenchyma-like fibre bands alternating with ordinary fibres are present. The majority of the roots showed no cambial variants. However, lobed roots were found in Urvillea rufescens and phloem wedges were observed in Serjania lethalis and Serjania caracasana Neo-formed peripheral vascular strands and cylinders were common in mature roots of Serjania caracasana, and vascular connections were found uniting the peripheral and central vascular cylinders through phloem wedges, as revealed by anatomical and micro-CT analyses. The vascular connections likely represent another key mechanism to create a network that increases the area of vascular tissue and contributes as an additional conduction pathway within these thick roots. CONCLUSIONS Some traits from the lianescent vascular syndrome, such as vessel dimorphism, are present in the roots of lianescent Sapindaceae, while others, such as cambial variants common in the stems, are largely absent.
On a New Corporate Bond Pricing Model with Potential Credit Rating Change and Stochastic Interest Rate

In this paper, we consider a new corporate bond-pricing model with credit-rating migration risks and a stochastic interest rate. In the new model, the criterion for rating change is based on a predetermined ratio of the corporation’s total asset and debt. Moreover, the rating changes are allowed to happen a finite number of times during the life-span of the bond. The volatility of a corporate bond price may have a jump when a credit rating for the bond is changed. Moreover, the volatility of the bond is also assumed to depend on the interest rate. This new model improves the previous existing bond models in which the rating change is only allowed to occur once with an interest-dependent volatility or multi-ratings with constant interest rate. By using a Feynman-Kac formula, we obtain a free boundary problem. Global existence and uniqueness are established when the interest rate follows a Vasicek’s stochastic process. Calibration of the model parameters and some numerical calculations are shown.
Online Social Network Viability: Misinformation Management Based on Service and Systems Theories

This paper provides a practical example of how service and systems theories can be successfully integrated to develop a comprehensive analysis and theorization of solutions for a specific issue, that is, misinformation management in online social network sites (OSNs). A literature review and elaboration of different theories (service science, service-dominant logic, viable systems approach) and approaches (collective intelligence and collective knowledge systems, group decision making) specifically related to ONS is developed and presented in the form of propositions and constructs. It results that the issue of misinformation in OSNs can be analyzed as a threat to service (eco) system viability, while technological solutions, engagement and the participation of communities by means of collective knowledge systems should be adopted as strategies to align with relevant supra-systems to survive. The originality of the paper relies on the following: (i) expanding service research analysis horizons to OSNs; (ii) providing a practical example of how Service Science, Service-Dominant Logic and Viable Systems Approach perspectives can be integrated to theorize and practically find ways to re-shape contexts, such as OSN misinformation management; and (iii) presenting a multidisciplinary conceptual model to the OSN literature, based on service systems and service ecosystems, linking theory to practice.
Mitochondrial Malic Enzyme: Purification from Bovine Brain, Generation of an Antiserum, and Immunocytochemical Localization in Neurons of Rat Brain

Abstract: To elucidate the cellular location of mitochondrial malic enzyme in brain, immunocytochemical studies were performed. For this purpose, mitochondrial malic enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine brain and used for the immunization of rabbits. Subjecting the antiserum to affinity purification on immobilized antigen as an absorbent yielded a purified immunoreactive antibody preparation, which was characterized by probing cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of bovine and rat brain in western blotting. As neither crossreactivity with cytosolic malic enzyme nor immunoreactivity against other proteins could be observed, the antibody preparation was found suitable for immunocytochemistry. By using sections of perfusion‐fixed rat brain, considerable resolution was achieved at the light‐microscopic level. Distinct and specific staining of neurons was observed; in contrast, no staining of astrocytes and possibly unspecific staining within the nuclei of oligodendrocytes were obtained. From these data, it is concluded that mitochondrial malic enzyme is located in neurons; however, in astrocytes, the enzyme appears to be either lacking or present at a much lower level. A protective role against oxidative stress in neurons is proposed for mitochondrial malic enzyme.
Control of the relative movement of hydraulically driven linear moving parts

In this paper a control strategy is designed to control the relative movement of two linear moving parts on a reallife application driven by a hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit has two motors in series configuration, each bypassed by a direct current controlled cartridge valve. On the output side, the speed of the linear moving parts and the time at which they reach a fixed endposition is measured. First, identification of the valves is done on an experimental basis. Second, these models are validated and a controller for the phase difference between the two linear moving parts is designed. The controller consists of a combination of PI and PID controllers for both speed and position synchronization.
Pctaire1 Interacts with p35 and Is a Novel Substrate for Cdk5/p35*

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles during central nervous system development. Cdk5 kinase activity depends on its regulatory partners, p35 or p39, which are prominently expressed in the central nervous system. We have previously demonstrated the involvement of Cdk5 in the regulation of acetylcholine receptor expression at the neuromuscular junction, suggesting a novel functional role of Cdk5 at the synapse. Here we report the identification of Pctaire1, a member of the Cdk-related kinase family, as a p35-interacting protein in muscle. Binding of Pctaire1 to p35 can be demonstrated by in vitrobinding assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Pctaire1 is associated with p35 in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, and is concentrated at the neuromuscular junction. Furthermore, Pctaire1 can be phosphorylated by the Cdk5/p25 complex, and serine 95 is the major phosphorylation site. In brain and muscle of Cdk5 null mice, Pctaire1 activity is significantly reduced. Moreover, Pctaire1 activity is increased following preincubation with brain extracts and phosphorylation by the Cdk5/p25 complex. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Pctaire1 interacts with p35, both in vitroand in vivo, and that phosphorylation of Pctaire1 by Cdk5 enhances its kinase activity.
Stress Hematopoiesis Is Regulated by the Krüppel‐Like Transcription Factor ZBP‐89

Previous studies have shown that ZBP‐89 (Zfp148) plays a critical role in erythroid lineage development, with its loss at the embryonic stage causing lethal anemia and thrombocytopenia. Its role in adult hematopoiesis has not been described. We now show that conditional deletion of ZBP‐89 in adult mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) causes anemia and thrombocytopenia that are transient in the steady state, but readily uncovered following chemically induced erythro/megakaryopoietic stress. Unexpectedly, stress induced by bone marrow transplantation of ZBP89−/− HSPC also resulted in a myeloid‐to‐B lymphoid lineage switch in bone marrow recipients. The erythroid and myeloid/B lymphoid lineage anomalies in ZBP89−/− HSPC are reproduced in vitro in the ZBP‐89‐silenced multipotent hematopoietic cell line FDCP‐Mix A4, and are associated with the upregulation of PU.1 and downregulation of SCL/Tal1 and GATA‐1 in ZBP89‐deficient cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays show that ZBP‐89 is a direct repressor of PU.1 and activator of SCL/Tal1 and GATA‐1. These data identify an important role for ZBP‐89 in regulating stress hematopoiesis in adult mouse bone marrow. Stem Cells 2014;32:791–801