Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New food provision strategy for a colony of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus): effects on social hierarchy?

In several zoological institutions, food is chopped into small pieces even though animals are skilled in processing much larger or even whole food items. Food chopping is usually aimed at enabling all individuals in a group to obtain enough food, preventing wastage, encouraging foraging behaviour, avoiding aggression during feeding. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of different food provision forms (chopped vs whole food) on the behaviour and social hierarchy of a colony of zoo Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) hosted in Parco Natura Viva (Italy). The study was made of three conditions: the baseline-chopped food was provided; the Two Whole Food condition–two whole fruits and two whole vegetables per subject were provided; the One Whole Food condition-one whole fruit and one whole vegetable per subject were provided. For each condition, two daily 10-minute sessions per subject were run. Continuous focal animal sampling method was used to collect individual and social behaviours to assess the welfare of the Barbary macaques in the three different conditions. Moreover, for each condition, the dominance hierarchy was evaluated using the Clutton-Brock index (CBI) to assess the effects of different food provision forms on the social relationships between individuals. According to our results, macaques spent more time feeding in the baseline than in both the TWF and OWF condition. In addition, affiliative behaviours, particularly grooming, were performed more in the whole food condition than in the baseline. Within females, the hierarchy was not significantly affected by different food presentations and a decrease of aggressive behaviour in a whole food condition was found. Therefore, presenting whole food seemed to have a positive effect on the welfare of this colony, promoting natural behaviour and social cohesion. The presence of individual and social species-specific behaviours and the absence of stereotypic or abnormal behaviour underline an overall good welfare of the study Barbary macaques. In conclusion, to provide food to Barbary macaques in a more naturalist way-whole food-seems to be a good strategy to manage social relationships and improve the welfare of the animals.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYL ORANGE IN AQUEOUS TIO2 UNDER DIFFERENT SOLAR IRRADIATION SOURCES

The main causes of surface water and groundwater contamination are industrial discharges. Updating the field of polluted water treatment by photochemical technique has led to an important in oxidative degradation processes applying solar photochemical methods using crystal TiO2 as a catalyst. Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange dye under different irradiation sources (Halogen lamp 1000 W, fluorescent lamp and natural sun light ) have been studied over TiO2 catalyst. The effect of initial dye concentrations, irradiation time and light intensity were also studied. The results revealed that dyes under go fast degradation with the natural sun light than the halogen and fluorescent lamp sources. On other hand, fast degradation was obtained with increasing time of the Halogen and fluorescent lamps as a light source. The rate of decolorization was estimated from residual concentration spectro- photometrically. At the used experimental conditions the substrate photo-oxidation rate follows pseudo-first order kinetics. Keywords: Photodegradation, solar irradiation, dyes, pollution, treatment, catalyst
Efficient array design algorithm for wide-band application of the MUltiple SIgnal Classification algorithm

This paper analyzes the error in MUSIC results due to the effect of finite precision arithmetic. Thus, relation of this error to sources correlation level and array and sources configuration parameters is clearly identified. As a result efficient array design algorithm suitable for acoustic environments is derived. This algorithm is efficient in the sense that it can determine minimum number of sensors. This algorithm is quite general as it includes the effect of all parameters such as number of sources, sources correlation level, maximum resolution, maximum source angle, number of sensors, sensor spacing and arithmetic precision. Also this algorithm is shown to be seamlessly applicable in realistic environments where many additional effects and sources of error often exist. During this paper it is shown that this algorithm is indispensable for DOA estimation in wide-band and reverberant environments.
Philippine Secondary Schools Learning Competencies (PSSLC) in English – A Critical Analysis

The effectiveness of Philippine Secondary School Learning Competencies (PSSLC) in English is at the forefront of investigation. Twenty-one secondary school teachers and ten secondary school principals in the Division of City Schools, Tanjay City, Philippines were tasked to assess its effectiveness. The problems encountered by the students, teachers and administrators in the implementation of the PSSLC in English were also noted. The findings revealed that the teachers’ assessment of the PSSLC in English is effective, but the school principals’ assessment was very effective. While there is slight disparity between assessment of teachers and the principals, both assessments affirmed that it is effective. Keywords: competencies; effectiveness; utilization; English; descriptive design; teachers; school principals; Philippines
CO2-BASED DEMAND-CONTROLLED VENTILATION CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR MULTI-ZONE HVAC SYSTEMS

CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation DCV strategy offers a great opportunity to reduce energy consumption in HVAC systems while providing the required ventilation. However, implementing CO2based DCV under ASHRAE 62.1. 2004 through 2010 is not simple as it was under previous versions due to the changes in breathing-zone ventilating rate calculations. This paper discusses the difficulties in the CO2-based DCV and proposes an alternative strategy based on the supply air CO2 concentration. The proposed strategy offers great benefits in terms of better indoor air control and improved energy efficiency and could be easily implemented for multizone HVAC systems. To evaluate the strategy, energy simulations were performed on various USA locations and for a typical two-story office building conditioned by a VAV system. The results show that the cooling saving could be up to 23% by implementing the proposed strategy as compared to the design-occupancy ASHRAE Standard 62.1 2010 procedure.
Main bearings in large offshore wind turbines: development trends, design and analysis requirements

This paper discusses analysis requirements for design and operation of main bearings in modern multi-megawatt offshore wind turbines, motivated by the industry’s search for reliable and cost effective main bearing solutions that limit the effects of non-torque loads, and the need for effective bearing health monitoring. Gearboxes historically received attention on the grounds of reliability, sparking significant interest in drivetrain dynamics. However, design trends in modern, large turbines, influencing choices for a future 10+ MW generation, indicate that more attention to main bearings or rotor support bearings is needed as part of a more holistic approach to flexural dynamics. Through a survey of existing research, offshore wind turbine design trends, design codes, industry practices and standards, we look at how main bearings are treated in a life cycle perspective, considered design features, modeling and simulation approaches, interaction and interfaces between industry stakeholders, as well as reuse of simulation models for predictive analytics in operation. We conclude that flexible main bearing representation is important in dynamic analyses and that industry practices are needed that enable sufficient model exchange or interfaces and thus effective exploitation of the benefits of a simulation model throughout the turbine life cycle.
A review of resilience within the UK food manufacturing sector

Research on food security and resilience has focused primarily on improving production of traditional crops and livestock (agriculture, crop science, genetics etc.). However significant losses occur after this initial production phase during storage, transportation, processing and preparation. Whilst increased competition and margin pressures within this sector are constant drivers for efficiency improvements and waste reduction, they can also have unintended consequences on the resilience of food manufacturers and their supply chains. This paper examines how current trends and initiatives could impact the resilience of the UK food manufacturing sector and their wider impacts on UK food security.
Alternative Civil Enculturation

The article investigates the ways in which minority schools in Latvia, Estonia, and Slovakia resist the dominant narratives of nation and citizenship and provide an alternative model of civil enculturation for students. It provides evidence to support the hypothesis that differences between competing narratives of statehood and nationhood among schools of two major ethnic groups in each country constitute relatively separate models of civil enculturation that may be shaped by political and social factors outside the school, such as power relations among groups.
Molecular Interaction between Fish Pathogens and Host Aquatic Animals

We have studied the host-pathogen interactions between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Aeromonas salmonicida. Sequencing the genome of the bacterium allowed us to investigate virulence factors and other gene products with potential as vaccines. Using knock-out mutants of A. salmonicida, we identified key virulence factors. Proteomics studies of bacterial cells grown in a variety of media as well as in an in vivo implant system revealed differential protein production and have shed new light on bacterial proteins such as superoxide dismutase, pili and flagellar proteins, type three secretion systems, and their roles in A. salmonicida pathogenicity. We constructed a whole genome DNA microarray to use in comparative genomic hybridizations (M-CGH) and bacterial gene expression studies. Carbohydrate analysis has shown the variation in LPS between strains and reveals the importance of LPS in virulence. Salmon were challenged with A. salmonicida and tissues were taken to construct suppressive subtractive hybridization libraries to investigate differential host gene expression. We constructed an Atlantic salmon cDNA microarray to investigate the host response to A. salmonicida. Real-Time qPCR and NMR-based metabolomics have revealed important information about host responses to infection and to chronic stress. By linking genome sequencing, functional genomics, proteomics, carbohydrate analysis, metabolomics, and whole animal assays, we took integrated and innovative approach to pathogenesis research.
NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION BY NANOPARTICLES : A REVIEW

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased in the past few years in various fields, including defence, aerospace, electronics, biology, medicine, and so forth. and in applications such as diagnostic technology, bioimaging, and drug/gene delivery. Thus, human exposure to NPs and nanomaterials is unavoidable and will certainly expand in the future resulting in a growing interest in nanotoxicology, the study of toxicity of nanomaterials. A number of studies have reported the effects of NPs in respect to pulmonary inflammation by investigating in vitro activation of pulmonary cells with NPs and in vivo in a variety of models in which neutrophils appear to be the predominant leukocyte cell type in lungs and in bronchoalveolar lavages following inhalation or intratracheal instillation of NPs. Despite the fact that several studies have reported an increased number of neutrophils, the literature dealing with the direct activation of neutrophils by a given NP is poorly documented. This paper will summarize the current literature in this latter area of research and will end with a perspective view in which our laboratory will be involved in the following years.
Employing Descriptive Methods for Customer Segmentation

Customer segmentation is the process of finding homogenous sub-groups within a heterogeneous aggregate market. This approach is used in direct marketing to target and focus on increasingly well-defined and profitable market segments. The process of segmentation begins with observing customer actions and continues with learning about the demographic and psychographic characteristics of these customers. This intelligence can be made available to the customer facing teams which may be a great tool to increase cross selling and up selling capability of a company. Data Mining is the process of discovering knowledge from huge volumes of data. It is widely used in customer segmentation where various classes can be formed based on the customers buying behaviour. This paper deals with two such methods: K-Means and Hierarchical Clustering. K-Means groups the customers into K-clusters. It is an Iterative algorithm which repeatedly calculates the distance and reforms the centroids based on the distance. The Hierarchical clustering employed here uses divisive method where it begins with just only one cluster that contains all sample data and it slits into two or more clusters that have higher dissimilarity between them. Both the techniques were experimented on NORTHWIND database and the results were analyzed based on the execution time and iteration count. The results concurred that KMeans performs well comparably to Hierarchical clustering.
The impact of rail transport on the prices of real estate: Empirical study of the Dutch housing market

In an efficient market, the levels of house prices r flect the values of the physical, accessibility a nd environmental features corresponding to the house. This paper foc uses on the impact of railway accessibility feature on the residential houses prices. Stations are treated as tran port access points with distance and frequency of train services components and potential places for negative extern alities. Applying a cross sectional hedonic price m odel, we found railway stations as identified by frequency of trai n service has elasticity of close to 0.03 for house s up to a distance of 2 kilometres. Due to the spatial nature of the dat a we controlled for spatial effects by local dummie s. Proximity to railway line as differing from proximity to station , explaining the noise effect, has a negative effec t on prices. At the same time the immediate neighbourhood of the statio n is affected negatively due to externality of the station. Highway accessibility on the other hand shows slightly diff erent effects on house prices, in that peak effects o cur at 4-5 km from the highway entry/exit point. All other physic al and neighbourhood variables as income level and population composition show expected effect on house prices.
Existence of competitive equilibrium under 'nancial constraints and increasing returns

This paper studies a ‘factor cost in advance’ model with increasing returns in production. In the model both partial equilibrium and general equilibrium may exist since working capital of 'rms limit their input demand. We provide a su7cient condition for the existence of partial equilibrium of a 'rm operating on a non-convex choice set. Furthermore we establish the existence and uniqueness of competitive equilibrium in the special case of logarithmic utility. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classi cation: C61; C62; D50; D40; E40
Speciation Routes of Anurans

Genome duplication was long been reported by our laboratory in Brazilian anurans belonging to the Leptodactylidae and Hylidae families. Thanks to other investigators, several polyploid species with related diploid forms were also found in diverse regions of South America, Africa and Australia. Our cytogenetic, enzymatic and molecular experiments performed in the Brazilian polyploids showed a higher level of variability resulting from tetrasomic gene expression according to the binomial equation (p + q) 4 . These results were supported by the classical Ohno’s theory of vertebrate evolution via genome duplication. Later, we suggested that the epigenetic mutations could have a role in the expansion of the tetraploid animals exploring different regions. Here, we provide an overview of the data on polyploid anurans in light of the speciation process. Some biogeographic events of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras probably related to anurans evolu- tion were also focused.
Time-Varying Effect of Gold and Crude Oil prices to Stock Price Index

Sukrit Thongkairat and Roengchai Tansuchat Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Email: roengchaitan@gmail.com Abstract. This paper proposes time-varying effect of gold and crude oil price to stock price index with Markov switching state space model which provided the time-varying coefficients to analyze the time-varying behaviors of the stock index. A Bayesian approach is employed to predict the parameters of the model whereas Kalman filter is applied to predict the time-varying coefficients in each regime. The stock price index, gold price and oil price dataset from 1st April 1996 to 31st March 2016 with the total 5,219 observations were used. The result shows that the proposed model is able to significantly capture the real economic situation and it can capture the movement of the coefficients in each period.
ANALYSIS OF L2 LEARNERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF PERFECTIVE LE IN MANDARIN

This study examines L2 Chinese learners’ knowledge of the perfective marker LE in Mandarin Chinese. More specifically, it investigates if learners at the intermediate level have acquired the necessary metalinguistic knowledge that governs LE use. The study addresses three research questions: First, when making errors, do L2 learners mostly oversupply or undersupply LE? Second, do L2 learners have the metalinguistic knowledge that certain verb types require the use of LE, while others do not allow it? Third, how do heritage speakers and Chinese Foreign Language (CFL) learners differ in their use of perfective LE? Thirty-two students studying Mandarin Chinese at a large American university participated in the study by completing a fill-in-the-blank task in which they were instructed to add LE to a text wherever they thought was necessary. The results indicate that in a fill-in-the-blank task using perfective LE, intermediate-level CFL learners have a greater problem with undersupplying LE than with oversupplying it. Verb type has a main effect on learners’ LE use because they have not fully acquired the metalinguistic knowledge about the interaction between lexical aspect and grammatical aspect. Furthermore, heritage speakers perform better than non-heritage learners in the use of perfective LE. This study highlights the importance for CFL teachers to give explicit instruction on how certain verb types favor or disfavor the use of LE.
AN APPROACH TOWARDS CONTROL OF BLAST BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SEAWEED CONCENTRATE

The efficacy of aqueous concentrates of Padina pavonia, Acanthophora spicifera and Ulva lactuca as foliar spray on reducing the severity of fungal blast of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae was investigated. The results indicated that all the seaweed concentrates significantly reduced the severity of the disease. Among the seaweeds Acanthophora spicifera concentrate was found to have more constrained over blast in rice on the basis of infection index. Present study also revealed that the peroxidase activity and phenylalanine ammonia – lyase activity were at higher level than the control (without any application). Seaweed concentrates of all the three species enhanced sugar, starch, protein level in 60 th day where as decreased in 80 th day. All the parameters were also analysed with foliar application of Bavistin, a common fungicide and the results were compared.
Photosynthetic performance and mycorrhizal symbiosis of a coastal marsh plant, Glaux maritima, in conditions of fl uctuating soil salinity

Th e aim of the present study was to explore the eff ect of seasonal fl uctuations of soil salinity on chlorophyll a fl uorescence and mycorrhizal symbiosis of Glaux maritima L. plants in natural conditions. Two neighboring sites with diff erent fl ooding regime and putatively diff erent soil characteristics were chosen for the investigation. Th e two sites signifi cantly diff ered in salinity and both macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations. Th e relatively more sea-aff ected site A had higher salinity and higher concentrations of most nutrients. Potential quantum yield of photosystem II (F V /F M ) decreased to an extremely low level in plants at site A in July indicating photoinhibition of photosynthesis. In contrast, a relatively low increase of soil salinity did not aff ect F V /F M at site B. Decreased photosynthetic performance at site A in July was refl ected also by a drastic decrease both in photosystem II activity as well as in the ratio of active reaction centres. G. maritima plants were characterized by a low level of intensity of mycorrhizal symbiosis throughout the vegetation season while the frequency of infection in general was higher. Both parameters showed signifi cant changes during the season. Anatomy of root colonization showed distinct patterns at the two study sites with mostly intracellular hyphae forming hyphal coils in roots of G. maritima at site A in contrast to site B where predominantly external hyphae were found. Mycorrhizal symbiosis could be regarded as a signifi cant part of the adaptive mechanisms of G. maritima.
COCOON PRODUCTION OF THE SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L. (LEPIDOPTERA: BOMBYCIDAE), FED ON LEAVES OF MULBERRY HYBRIDS

Brazil is the fourth cocoon producer in the world. In Sao Paulo State there are mulberry some hybrids whose productivity are higher than the commonly cultivated varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mulberry hybrids (Morus spp.) on the cocoon production of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). The experiment was conducted at the Unidade Regional de Pesquisa de Galia do Instituto de Zootecnia, SP. The caterpillars were fed on leaves of the hybrids IZ-3/2, IZ-13/6, IZ-15/7, IZ-19/13, IZ-56/4, IZ-57/2, IZ-40, IZ-64, in a rearing hut at 25 oC ± 3 oC and 75% ± 5% relative humidity. ‘Korin’ was used as standard. The hybrids affected the duration of the larval period and the weight of the caterpillars, prepupaes and the silk glands as well. There was a reduction in the duration of larval development when the caterpillars had been fed with hybrid IZ-56/4 and the ‘Korin’ variety. Hybrids IZ-57/2, IZ-56/4 and IZ-15/7 presented the highest cocoon production.
A COGNITIVE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF DEPRESSIO~ IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk for developing depression. According to the literature, depression in diabetes mellitus has been associated with a poorer quality of life, poorer regimen adherence, poorer adjustment to diabetes, poorer glycaemic control, and an increased risk of developing diabetes related complications. While the role of certain psychosocial determinants in the onset and maintenance of depression has been investigated, mental health professionals and researchers have neglected the task of conceptualizing the relationship between depression and diabetes from a psychological perspective. This assignment presents a psychological conceptualization of the relationship between diabetes and depression, using Beck's (1967, 1979) cognitive model of depression as a framework. This conceptualization may serve as a means of theoretically understanding the relationship between these two conditions and as a framework in directing future research on this relationship. iv Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za