Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Vertical Replacement-Gate (VRG) MOSFET: a 50-nm vertical MOSFET with lithography-independent gate length

We have fabricated and demonstrated a new device called the Vertical Replacement-Gate (VRG) MOSFET. This is the first MOSFET ever built that combines (1) a gate length controlled precisely through a deposited film thickness, independently of lithography and etch, and (2) a high-quality gate oxide grown on a single-crystal Si channel. In addition to this unique combination, the VRG-MOSFET includes a self-aligned S/D formed by solid source diffusion (SSD) and small parasitic overlap, junction, and S/D capacitances. The drive current per /spl mu/m of coded width is significantly higher than that of advanced planar MOSFETs because each rectangular device pillar (with a thickness of minimum lithographic dimension) contains two MOSFETs driving in parallel. All of this is achieved using current manufacturing methods, materials, and tools, and competitive devices with 50-nm gate lengths (L/sub G/) have been demonstrated without advanced lithography.
A Molecular Framework for Plant Regeneration

Plants and some animals have a profound capacity to regenerate organs from adult tissues. Molecular mechanisms for regeneration have, however, been largely unexplored. Here we investigate a local regeneration response in Arabidopsis roots. Laser-induced wounding disrupts the flow of auxin—a cell-fate–instructive plant hormone—in root tips, and we demonstrate that resulting cell-fate changes require the PLETHORA, SHORTROOT, and SCARECROW transcription factors. These transcription factors regulate the expression and polar position of PIN auxin efflux–facilitating membrane proteins to reconstitute auxin transport in renewed root tips. Thus, a regeneration mechanism using embryonic root stem-cell patterning factors first responds to and subsequently stabilizes a new hormone distribution.
T Lymphocyte Stimulation by Hapten‐Conjugated Macrophages

In previous volumes of this series (Schwartz et al. 1976, Thomas et al. 1977a) we have reviewed the structure of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the guinea pig (the GPLA complex) and the critical role of I-region associated (Ia) antigens and immune response (Ir) genes in the activation of T-lymphocytes by antigen-pulsed macrophages. We have concluded that the genetic restriction of the interaction of antigen-pulsed macrophages and primed T lymphocytes appears to be regulated entirely by the histocompatibility type of the macrophage used for initial sensitization, that T cells may be specifically sensitized to antigens associated with allogeneic macrophages, and that Ia antigen expression only by macrophages is sufficient for effective interaction with T cells. We and others (Barcinski & Rosenthal 1977, Yano et al. 1977) have postulated that the site of expression of the histocompatibility-Iinked Ir genes may be at the level of the antigen presenting cell or macrophage rather than in the antigen-responsive T lymphocyte. According to this view, non-responder macrophages would lack the I-region gene product necessary to process and/or present the corresponding genetically controlled an-
A further analysis of european organization for research and treatment of cancer protocol 30805. Orchidectomy versus orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus low‐dose diethylstilbestrol

This study, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol 30805, is a randomized, phase 111 clinical trial comparing surgical orchidectomy to surgical orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate (100 mg, three times daily) and diethylstilbestrol (DES; 1 mg, daily). In 1980, when this protocol was written, orchidectomy, although long considered a standard therapy for prostate cancer, had never been studied in a prospective phase 111 clinical trial. The decision was made to compare surgical castration alone to orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate, because Bracci,' in a study that was not randomized, considered this combination therapy superior to orchidectomy. A third treat-ment arm of DES (1 mg, daily) was added, because Byar' had reported in 1980 that this dose of DES was as effective as a dosage of 5 mg per day but caused less cardiovascular toxicity.
Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity

It is suggested that local animal species diversity is related to the number of predators in the system and their efficiency in preventing single species from monopolizing some important, limiting, requisite. In the marine rocky intertidal this requisite usually is space. Where predators capable of preventing monopolies are missing, or are experimentally removed, the systems become less diverse. On a local scale, no relationship between latitude (10⚬ to 49⚬ N.) and diversity was found. On a geographic scale, an increased stability of annual production may lead to an increased capacity for systems to support higher-level carnivores. Hence tropical, or other, ecosystems are more diverse, and are characterized by disproportionately more carnivores.
Metal Levels in Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis) from Península Valdés, Argentina

Península Valdes, Argentina, is a nursing ground for a population of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis). In the last two decades this area has been subjected to an increase in population, tourism and industrial growth. This has raised the concern for exposure to chemical contaminants such as metals. In this study we measured nonessential metals (Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Be, Co, Cd, Cr, Hg, Li, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, U and Ti), essential metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo and Zn) and an essential element (Se) in skin biopsies from female southern right whales (n=10). This is the first report on tissue concentrations of metals in adult southern right whales. Overall, tissue values were on the low end of the spectrum and similar to the values reported in studies of mysticetes from other regions. Measured values do not reflect substantial amounts of accumulation and thus serve as a baseline.
Response of the Microcirculation in Rat Cremaster Muscle to Peripheral and Central Sympathetic Stimulation

Microvascular diameter and flow responses to peripheral and central sympathetic stimulation were measured in different segments of the arteriolar network in rat cremaster muscle. For peripheral stimulation, a bipolar electrode was placed on the internodal segment of the lumbar sympathetic chain between ganglia L1 and L2. For central stimulation, a bipolar electrode was stereotaxically implanted in the posterior hypothalamus. Inside vessel diameter, red blood cell velocity, and volumetric flow rate were recorded in response to electrical stimulations of varying magnitude in four series-coupled segments of the arteriolar network: 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A. Systemic arterial pressure was also monitored. The vasoconstriction and flow reduction produced by stimulation of the lumbar chain was graded with the frequency of stimulation over the range of 0.5–16.0 Hz in all arteriolar segments. Examination of the relation between stimulation frequency and vasoconstrictor response measured as percent of control diameter indicated a sequence of responsiveness to peripheral stimulation where 4A = 3A>2A = 1A. No changes in diameter were recorded in the venous microcirculation at any level of stimulation. Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus with currents of 38–300 μA for 60 seconds produced graded vasoconstriction in only 3A and 4A vessels. Fluorescence histochemistry for biogenic amines was used to examine the distribution of innervation to the microvasculature. All segments of the arteriolar network from 1A to 4A possessed an adrenergic innervation; no vessels of the venous network were found to be innervated. The results indicate that the pattern of response of the arteriolar network in rat cremaster muscle to peripheral and central sympathetic stimulation is segmentally differentiated and consistent with the distribution of the vasomotor innervation. (Circulation Research 1987;61(suppl II):II-26-II-31)
Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance: Analysis of Microbiology, Cytological Criteria and Clinical Conduct

Aims To differentiate between two types of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS): probably neoplastic (PN) or probably reactive (PR), and, in accordance with the recommendations on screening protocols of the Emilia-Romagna Region (PSRER), Italy, to define the best management to follow and the prognosis. Furthermore, the associations between ASCUS and infectious agents and human papillomavirus (HPV) were evaluated. Methods Fifty-eight ASCUS smears were reviewed and sorted; if a diagnosis of ASCUS was confirmed, the smear was classified as PR or PN, and the PSRER group was identified. Then, colposcopy was performed with checks for infectious agents (culture evaluation with cytological or clinical criteria) and HPV (hybrid capture). Results The ASCUS frequency was 3.96%. Of the 58 cases, 33 (56.9%) were diagnosed as ASCUS on review, of which 15 cases were PN and 18 were PR, while 23 (39.7%) smears were normal and 2 (3.4%) showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). There was a higher frequency of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HPV in ASCUS PR patients compared with normal cytology, and a higher frequency of CIN in ASCUS PN patients compared with normal controls (P <0.05). By grouping ASCUS 1 and 3, we observed a higher frequency of CIN and of high-grade colposcopy findings compared with ASCUS 2 and 4 (P <0.05). From the 23 cases not found to be ASCUS, 18 (87.5%) had normal cytology and colposcopy results on the first follow-up. Conclusions Classification of ASCUS as either PN or PR helps in clinical conduct and prognosis, because a higher frequency of CIN is found in ASCUS PN. ASCUS subdivisions, based on PSRER and colposcopy, may facilitate the clinical conduct because ASCUS 1 and 3 with high-grade colposcopic findings proved to be related to the presence of CIN. We propose that initial ASCUS cytology be reviewed, and if it is confirmed, colposcopy should be performed. For those cases found to be normal on review of the cytology results, it is suggested that a cytological check-up be carried out every 6 months.
EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF RAT AORTIC ENDOTHELIUM

Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a high order of correlation between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis (1-3). While it is known that cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in atherosclerosis the mechanisms by which this is brought about are not known (4). Injury to the cell layer lining the lumen of arteries, the arterial endothelium is fundamental in the initiation and progression of arterial lesions such as intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis (5). Such pathological changes in arterial intima are clinically associated with myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysms, stroke and peripheral vascular diseases (6). Cigarette smoking has been shown to result in endothelial cell alteration in animal studies (7, 8) and these results are supported by available human data (9, 10). Recently, subendothelial damage has been described in the aortas of rats exposed to cigarette smoke ARAŞTIRMA Cilt 57, No 3, S : 161 164 Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 2000
Protein kinase C remains functionally active during TPA induced neuronal differentiation of SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells

SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells can be induced to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype by treatment with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). In other cell systems, TPA treatment frequently leads to down‐regulation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, we now report that TPA‐treated and non‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells express PKC‐α, but not PKC‐β and PKC‐γ, mRNA. Furthermore, only a slight down‐regulation of the PKC‐α protein could be seen during prolonged treatment with 16 nM TPA, the concentration giving optimal differentiation. In contrast, a higher concentration of TPA (1.6 μM) results in a poor neuronal differentiation and a complete down‐regulation of PKC‐α. PKC‐α was rapidly translocated to the particulate fraction and remained membrane bound for at least 4 days during treatment with 16 nM TPA. In such cells a sustained increased level of the phosphorylated form of a 80,000 Dalton PKC‐substrate was found. In addition to this sustained augmented phosphorylation, administration of fresh TPA at day 4 caused a small but reproducible further increased level of phosphorylated substrate. When the PKC activity was measured by the histone phosphorylation assay a substantial fraction of the initial enzyme activity could still be detected after 4 days of TPA treatment. Taken together, the data demonstrate that PKC remains functionally active during TPA induced differentiation of SH‐SY5Y cells, which may suggest a continuous role for the enzyme during the differentiation process. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentration-effect relationships of tetrabenazine and dihydrotetrabenazine in the rat.

To investigate the pharmacodynamics of tetrabenazine [1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-2-H-benzo(a)quinol izine-2- one; 1], the drug of choice in the control of Huntington's chorea and tardive dyskinesia, and its major metabolite, dihydrotetrabenazine (2), ip doses of 3 mg/kg of the drug and the metabolite were administered to rats. Animals were decapitated at 0.0, 0.5, 2, 5, and 12 h. Brain and serum concentrations of 1 and 2, and brain concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin were measured. Time courses of 1 and 2 in the brain (site of action) were parallel to those in serum, indicating that the brain is a part of the central compartment for both compounds. Despite its greater polarity, 2 was able to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The monoamine depletions at any time following the administration of 2 were at least equal to or greater than those observed following the administration of the same dose of 1. After both compounds, the maximum serum and brain concentrations and maximum depletions were observed with the first sample at 0.5 h, with dopamine and serotonin being the most and least affected, respectively. The brain levels of the amines returned to the control values a maximum of 12 h after ip injections of either 1 or 2. Sigmoidal relationships were found between the monoamine levels and the corresponding log brain or serum concentrations of 1 or 2. The concentration-response curves of 2 following the administration of 1 and 2 were superimposable, suggesting that the observed activity after tetrabenazine injection is mainly, if not entirely, due to the formation of the active metabolite. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Locating interaction sites on proteins: The crystal structure of thermolysin soaked in 2% to 100% isopropanol

Multiple‐solvent crystal structure determination (MSCS) allows the position and orientation of bound solvent fragments to be identified by determining the structure of protein crystals soaked in organic solvents. We have extended this technique by the determination of high‐resolution crystal structures of thermolysin (TLN), generated from crystals soaked in 2% to 100% isopropanol. The procedure causes only minor changes to the conformation of the protein, and an increasing number of isopropanol interaction sites could be identified as the solvent concentration is increased. Isopropanol occupies all four of the main subsites in the active site, although this was only observed at very high concentrations of isopropanol for three of the four subsites. Analysis of the isopropanol positions shows little correlation with interaction energy computed using a molecular mechanics force field, but the experimentally determined positions of isopropanol are consistent with the structures of known protein‐ligand complexes of TLN. Proteins 1999;37:628–640. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic Factors Predictive of Survival for Truncal and Retroperitoneal Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma

ObjectiveThe authors identified prognostic factors relevant to clinical outcomes (especially survival) in truncal and retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma. Summary Background DataSummary Background Data results can be used to optimize surgical management and select patients most likely to benefit from novel therapeutic strategies in future trials. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of a prospectively compiled database of 183 consecutive patients with truncal and retroperitoneal sarcomas seen at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana Farber Cancer Institute between 1970 to 1994. ResultsResults truncal sarcoma, multivariate analysis showed that high-grade histology was associated with an eightfold increased risk of death compared with low-grade histology (p = 0.001). In addition to grade, gross positive margin of resection (p = 0.001), microscopic positive margin (p = 0.023), and tumors greater than 5 cm in size (p = 0.018) were important independent prognostic factors for survival. In this series, postoperative radiation therapy for truncal sarcoma was associated with a 2.4-fold decreased risk of death compared with truncal sarcoma patients receiving no adjuvant radiation therapy, having adjusted for the other prognostic factors (p = 0.030). In contrast, for retroperitoneal sarcoma, multivariate analysis showed that high-grade and intermediate-grade histology were associated with a five- to sixfold increased risk of death compared with low-grade histology (p = 0.009). In addition to grade, gross positive margin of resection (p = 0.001) and microscopic positive margin (p = 0.004) were important independent prognostic factors for survival in retroperitoneal sarcoma. Patients who received either preoperative or postoperative chemotherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma had a 4.6-fold (p = 0.002) and 3-fold (p = 0.010) increased risk of death, respectively, compared with patients receiving no adjuvant chemotherapy, having adjusted for the other prognostic factors. ConclusionsConclusions histologic grade and the margin of resection are prognostic for survival in both truncal and retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma. Tumor size was an independent prognostic factor for truncal sarcoma, but not for retroperitoneal sarcoma. Postoperative adjuvant radiation was beneficial to overall survival for truncal sarcoa. In this series of patients receiving a heterogeneous mixture of chemotherapeutic regimens-either as preoperative “neoadjuvant” therpy or as postoperative “adjuvant” therapy, there were no beneficial effects on survival compared with nonrandomized patients not receiving chemotherapy.
ISEcp1-Mediated Transposition and Homologous Recombination Can Explain the Context of blaCTX-M-62 Linked to qnrB2

ABSTRACT bla CTX-M-62, a C508T variant of blaCTX-M-3b, was transferred from Klebsiella pneumoniae JIE137 on a conjugative plasmid together with a class 1 integron containing the dfrA12-gcuF-aadA2 cassette array, ISCR1, and qnrB2. blaCTX-M-62 lies between intact and rearranged copies of ISEcp1 in a configuration that can be explained by a combination of transposition and homologous recombination and which also illustrates the ability of ISEcp1 to mobilize an adjacent gene as part of transposition units of different sizes.
Endothelial cellular response to altered shear stress.

Endothelial cells are normally exposed constantly to mechanical forces that significantly influence their phenotype. This symposium presented recent information concerning endothelial cell responses to shear stress associated with blood flow. Endothelial cell shear stress mechanosensors that have been proposed include membrane receptor kinases, integrins, G proteins, ion channels, intercellular junction proteins, membrane lipids (e.g., those associated with caveolae), and the cytoskeleton. These sensors are linked to signaling cascades that interact with or result in generation of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and various transcription factors among other responses. Endothelial cells adapt to sustained shear stress, and either an increase or decrease from normal shear leads to signaling events. In vitro models for the study of endothelial cell responses must consider the pattern of shear stress (e.g., steady vs. oscillatory flow), the scaffold for cell growth (e.g., basement membrane or other cell types such as smooth muscle cells), and the extent of flow adaptation. These cellular responses have major relevance for understanding the pathophysiological effects of increased shear stress associated with hypertension or decreased shear stress associated with thrombotic occlusion.
InP/InGaAs photodetector on SOI circuitry

We present the design, fabrication and characterization of an InP-based membrane photodetector on an SOI wafer containing a Si-wiring photonic circuit. Measured detector responsivity and 3 dB bandwidth are 0.45 A/W and 33 GHz, respectively. The photonic device fabrication is compatible with wafer scale processing steps, guaranteeing compatibility towards future generation electronic IC processing.
FcR g Activation Regulates Inflammation-Associated Squamous Carcinogenesis

Pauline Andreu,1,5 Magnus Johansson,1,5 Nesrine I. Affara,1,5 Ferdinando Pucci,3 Tingting Tan,1 Simon Junankar,1 Lidiya Korets,1 Julia Lam,1 David Tawfik,1 David G. DeNardo,1 Luigi Naldini,3 Karin E. de Visser,4 Michele De Palma,3 and Lisa M. Coussens1,2,* 1Department of Pathology 2Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA 3Angiogenesis and Tumor Targeting Research Unit, San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy and Vita-Salute SanRaffaele University, San Raffaele Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy 4Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands 5These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence: lisa.coussens@ucsf.edu DOI 10.1016/j.ccr. 2009.12. 019
A pairing-free certificateless digital multisignature scheme using elliptic curve cryptography

ABSTRACT In a digital multisignature scheme, two or more signers are allowed to produce a single signature on a common message, which can be verified by anyone. In the literature, many schemes are available based on the public key infrastructure or identity-based cryptosystem with bilinear pairing and map-to-point (MTP) hash function. The bilinear pairing and the MTP function are time-consuming operations and they need a large super-singular elliptic curve group. Moreover, the cryptosystems based on them are difficult to implement and less efficient for practical use. To the best of our knowledge, certificateless digital multisignature scheme without pairing and MTP hash function has not yet been devised and the same objective has been fulfilled in this paper. Furthermore, we formally prove the security of our scheme in the random oracle model under the assumption that ECDLP is hard.
Model Predictive control of Depth of Anaesthesia: Guidelines for controller configuration

The paper presents a feasibility study on the use of Model based Predictive control (MPC) to regulate the level of Depth of Anaesthesia (DoA) when measured by the BIS index. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic nonlinear models of DoA when Propofol and Remifentanil are used as hypnotic and analgesic drugs are linearized around the desired working point for DoA in order to obtain a linear state-space model coupled with an extra integrator to include integral action in the control. This state-space model is then used in a MPC algorithm. The main contribution of the paper consists in the characterization of the influence of the different design parameters in the MPC performance when controlling DoA.