Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of colorectal polyps

31. Cannon-Albright LA, Skolnick MH, Bishop DT, et al: Common inheritance of susceptibility to colonic adenomatous polyps and associated colorectal cancers. N Engl J Med 1988;319:533-537. 32. Guillem JG, Forde KA, Treat MR, et al: Colonoscopic screening for neoplasms in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of colon cancer patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:523-529. 33. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Gerdes H, et al: Risk of colorectal cancer in the families of patients with adenomatous polyps: National Polyp Study Workgroup. N Engl J Med 1996;334:82-87. 34. St. John DJB, McDermott FT, Hopper JL, et al: Cancer risk in relatives of patients with common colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:785-
Crystal Structures of a Cysteine-modified Mutant in Loop D of Acetylcholine-binding Protein*

Covalent modification of α7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET+) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents. Here, we investigate structural changes that underlie the opposite effects of MTSET+ and MMTS using acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP), a homolog of the extracellular domain of the nAChR. Crystal structures of Y53C AChBP show that MTSET+-modification stabilizes loop C in an extended conformation that resembles the antagonist-bound state, which parallels our observation that MTSET+ produces unresponsive W55C nAChRs. The MMTS-modified mutant in complex with acetylcholine is characterized by a contracted C-loop, similar to other agonist-bound complexes. Surprisingly, we find two acetylcholine molecules bound in the ligand-binding site, which might explain the potentiating effect of MMTS modification in W55C nAChRs. Unexpectedly, we observed in the MMTS-Y53C structure that ten phosphate ions arranged in two rings at adjacent sites are bound in the vestibule of AChBP. We mutated homologous residues in the vestibule of α1 GlyR and observed a reduction in the single channel conductance, suggesting a role of this site in ion permeation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that targeted modification of a conserved aromatic residue in loop D is sufficient for a conformational switch of AChBP and that a defined region in the vestibule of the extracellular domain contributes to ion conduction in anion-selective Cys-loop receptors.
[Efectiveness of long-term consumption of nuts, seeds and seeds' oil on glucose and lipid levels; systematic review].

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of long-term consumption of nuts, seeds and vegetable oil (NSO) on weight, glucose, and lipid levels. METHODS We searched English articles published in Pubmed and Ebsco up to May 2011. Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials, and had an intervention period of 24 or more weeks. Search terms include: "diabetes mellitus", "Nuts", "Diet Mediterranean", "Seeds", "Oils", "Canola oil", "Olive oil","Walnut", "Almond", "Pistachio", "Paleolithic diet", "High monounsaturated diet", "High polyunsaturated diet", "Soya" and "Sunflower". RESULTS Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria; eight studies had a 24 weeks intervention period, one had 42 weeks, one had 48 weeks, and for the other three the intervention lasted 52 or more weeks. At 24 weeks a consistent increase of HDL levels and inconsistent improvement of weight, BMI, waist to hip index, A1C, total cholesterol, LDL: HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure was observed. Four studies with an intervention ≥ 48 weeks showed no statistical difference, and in one study a reduction of weight, BMI, waist hip index, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL: cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure was observed. CONCLUSION No evidence of long-term improvement of NSO on weight, glucose or lipids in the adult population was found.
Pronociceptive Effects of Remifentanil in a Mouse Model of Postsurgical Pain: Effect of a Second Surgery

Background:Remifentanil anesthesia enhances postoperative pain in animals and humans. The authors evaluated the impact of the dose (&mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1) and duration of remifentanil infusion, and the effects of a second surgery on postoperative pain sensitization. Methods:Mice received different doses of remifentanil over 30 or 60 min. The authors assessed thermal (Hargreaves) and mechanical hyperalgesia (von Frey) at 2, 4, 7, and 10 days. In other experiments, mice had a plantar incision during sevoflurane with or without remifentanil anesthesia that was repeated 27 days later, when nociceptive thresholds returned to baseline. Linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis. Results:Remifentanil induced dose-dependent pronociceptive effects with calculated ED50s of 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.1) and 1.26 (1.0–1.6) &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 for thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, respectively, which lasted longer with higher doses (P < 0.001). The duration of infusion did not alter the pronociceptive effects of remifentanil when administered at a constant dose of infusion. When given during surgery, high (2.66 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1) or low (0.66 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1) remifentanil increased the extent (P < 0.05) and duration (P < 0.01) of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. The latter was further enhanced after a second surgery performed in the same experimental conditions (P < 0.05). Surgery or remifentanil infusion, each one individually, induced significant mechanical hyperalgesia, which was greater when repeated (P < 0.05). Conclusions:In this model of incisional pain, remifentanil induces pronociceptive effects, which are dose dependent but unaltered by the duration of administration. A second surgery performed on the same site and experimental conditions induces greater postoperative hyperalgesia that is enhanced when remifentanil is used as an anesthetic.
Marginal loss calculation in competitive electrical energy markets

The core of FERC proposed standard market design (SMD) in the US is locational marginal pricing (LMP) for electrical energy by which the energy prices are to be determined based on marginal costs in order to promote economic efficiency. One of the main challenging issues in implementing LMP methodology is the pricing of marginal losses, which requires accurate analysis of transmission losses and incorporating the effects of marginal losses into the optimal generation scheduling process. This paper presents two optimal generation scheduling algorithms where the effects of marginal losses are reflected through the use of penalty factors and delivery factors. Both algorithms are consistent with the overall SMD energy pricing approach, allowing for the calculation of three different LMP components: marginal energy cost, marginal congestion cost, and marginal loss cost. The algorithms are benchmarked with the NYISO method on a simple two-bus system, and then examined using a more realistic five-bus system. Some important issues on the implementation of marginal loss pricing in competitive energy markets are discussed.
HbA1c levels are significantly lower in early and late pregnancy.

Strict glycemic control is essential to minimize the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality of pregnancies complicated by diabetes (1–3). In addition to home blood glucose measurement, which may not always reflect the true average blood glucose level (4), HbA1c is a useful parameter in metabolic regulation (5–8). Thus, supplementation with HbA1c, as is common outside pregnancy, seems appropriate. Before pregnancy, the target for metabolic control in women with diabetes is HbA1c values near the normal range (9). However, the upper normal range of HbA1c during normal pregnancy is only sparsely investigated with different methods (10), mainly in late pregnancy (5,6,11,12), and reference ranges are generally established from the nonpregnant state (4). Increased third-trimester HbA1c levels are associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (3,13), macrosomia (1), and stillbirth (2), leading to speculations that the target for HbA1c in pregnancy should be even lower than outside pregnancy to prevent adverse events. There is a need to establish the reference range of HbA1c during normal pregnancy with an internationally recognized Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)-aligned method. In this study, we evaluated the normal upper range of HbA …
The Effect of Propofol on Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis of Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Mononuclear Cells and Lymphocytes

IV anesthetics may inhibit proper immune responses and further compromise an already depressed defense system. To assess the possible role of propofol on human immune function in sepsis, we studied cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of mononuclear cells (MNCs). Peripheral blood MNCs were preincubated in 1 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then reincubated in different concentrations of propofol (1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, or 50 μg/mL). To determine cytotoxicity, lactate dehydrogenase release was assayed by mixing MNCs (4 × 105/100 μL) with K-562 tumor cells as target cells (1 × 104/100 μL)(E: T ratio of 40:1). Apoptosis was determined by measuring the annexin positive cells using flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis of LPS-treated MNCs were unchanged by clinically acceptable concentrations of propofol (1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, and 10 μg/mL). However, significant differences were observed in cytotoxicity (P = 0.004) and apoptosis (P = 0.002) with propofol 50 μg/mL. By gating MNCs, we found that lymphocyte apoptosis was significantly increased at 50 μg/mL of propofol, but monocytes were unaffected (P = 0.02). In terms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis, propofol allowed MNCs to retain their cytotoxicity in septic conditions by protecting immune cells from apoptosis.
Bibliometrijski pokazatelji za procjenu kvalitete znanstvenih časopisa

Komunikacijski model suvremene znanosti sastoji se od nekoliko podjednako važnih sastavnica. Sredstva za znanstveno istraživanje namicu se iz državnih proracuna te iz razlicitih javnih i privatnih agencija. Sveucilista i znanstvene ustanove zaposljavaju i obrazuju istraživace te osiguravaju istraživacku opremu. Znanstvenici zaposleni u tim ustanovama istražuju i pisu znanstvene clanke. Izdavaci zaprimaju rukopise, osiguravaju recenzijski postupak te objavljuju i diseminiraju clanke. Knjižnice nabavljaju objavljene radove, osiguravaju pristup toj građi i cuvaju objavljenu znanstvenu literaturu za poucavanje i buduca istraživanja (Wolpert, 2013.). Znanstveni casopisi u tom sustavu imaju kljucno mjesto, bez obzira na promjenu međusobnog odnosa njegovih pojedinih sastavnica. Najvažnija uloga znanstvenih casopisa jest objavljivanje i diseminacija znanstvenih clanaka. Podjednako je važna i uloga vrednovanja zaprimljenih clanaka koju provode recenzenti nekog casopisa. Recenzijski postupak ima, naime, kljucnu ulogu u provjeri metodoloske ispravnosti, interpretacije i zakljucaka rezultata istraživanja opisanih u clancima (Lock, 1985.). Sljedeca je funkcija casopisa zastita intelektualnog vlasnistva autora, njegovo predstavljanje znanstvenoj zajednici odnosno osiguravanje puta za stjecanje profesionalnog priznanja i napredovanja. Danas znanstveni casopisi imaju znatnu ulogu i u provođenju znanstvene politike, odnosno odlucivanju u znanosti jer vrijednosna prosudba casopisa može utjecati na odluke o financijskoj potpori znanstvenim projektima, na rangiranje akademske i znanstvene ustanove te na napredovanje pojedinaca u znanstvenome i akademskom sustavu. Svim nabrojenim sudionicima u postupku stvaranja i prijenosa znanstvenih informacija vrednovanje znanstvenih casopisa važno je pitanje, pri cemu se primjenjuju razliciti kriteriji. Znanstvenici ne mogu pratiti sve sto je objavljeno iz podrucja njihova interesa te su prisiljeni probirati literaturu za koju ce izdvojiti svoje dragocjeno vrijeme. Jednako tako, izuzetno im je važno pomno birati casopise u kojima ce objaviti rezultate svojih istraživanja. Sveucilista žele znanstvenike koji objavljuju u uglednim casopisima jer to utjece i na ugled sveucilista. Tijela koja financiraju znanstvena istraživanja također su zainteresirana da rezultati budu objavljeni
Benchmarking Municipal E-Government Services: A Bottom-Up Methodology and Pilot Results

Local governments play an important role as the main contact point for citizens and deliver many more and varied services than any other public administration. Nevertheless, the field of local e-government services (or local e-administration) lacks benchmarking methodologies and rigorous surveys. Existing e-government benchmarks mostly address the national level and do not cater for this wealth of locally provided e-services. Cities are also very diverse, but research shows that European cities share an important number of common services, making benchmarking look feasible. The paper proposes a benchmarking methodology to fill this gap, facing the complexity of this multiplicity and variety. It starts by a bottom-up hierarchical catalogue of services created through participation of the cities. The benchmarking goes beyond service provision, so far measured through maturity, and analyses acceptance by users. The paper discusses the parameters introduced and how to measure them. The paper addresses the issue of the presentation of the results, which is important to help city managers to improve the service provision, its quality and acceptance. The methodology was applied in a pilot study of 15 quite diverse medium and large European cities, and its results are presented within the context of validating the methodology introduced.
Factors associated with success with hearing aids in older adults

Abstract Objective: To examine associations between audiological and non-audiological factors and successful hearing aid use in older adults. Design: In a retrospective study, audiological factors, attitudinal beliefs (as derived from the health belief model), client demographics, psychological factors, and age-related factors were evaluated. Study sample: Participants included 160 individuals, 60 years or older, with unilateral or bilateral hearing impairment (HI), fitted with hearing aids for the first time in the previous two years. Participants were assigned to either an unsuccessful hearing aid owner group (n = 75) or a successful hearing aid owner group (n = 85) based on their self-reported hearing aid use and benefit. Results: A multivariate, binomial logistic regression model indicated five factors associated with group membership: participants who had greater support from significant others; more difficulties with hearing and communication in everyday life before getting hearing aids; more positive attitudes to hearing aids; coupled with greater perceived self-efficacy for advanced handling of hearing aids; or who were receiving more gain from their devices; were more likely to be successful hearing aid owners. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of addressing non-audiological factors in order to assist older adults achieve success with hearing aids.
Process for System Architecture and Requirements Engineering

interface module 261, 263-66 abstraction/ detailing 65-66, 67, 92, 233, 272, 274, 402 ACD See architecture context diagram Ada-based Design Approach for Real-Time Systems (ADARTS) 255, 402 AFCD See architecture flow context diagram AFD See architecture flow diagram aggregation 272, 402 aggregation/ decomposition 64-65, 92, 93, 96, 99, 103, 106, 123, 233, 257, 258, 402 rules and guidelines 123 A/CD See architecture interconnect context diagram AID See architecture interconnect diagram aircraft example 193, 1 94 ATS See architecture interconnect specification AMCD See architecture message context diagram AMD See architecture message diagram AMS See architecture module specification architect 200-204, 273, 402 architecture 226, 268-73, 348, 393, 403 channel 204, 357, 393, 403 communication model 92-103, 403 context 286-87, 346 context level 206, 222 diagram 90-92, 107, 227, 403 inheritance model 106-8 interface 343 level 393,400 method 4, 7, 64, 179, 190-99, 200, 205, 244, 245, 250, 253, 257, 273, 275, 389, 391, 396, 398, 400, 404 structure 274 architecture context diagram (ACD) 75, 215, 222, 284, 288, 341-43, 391, 392, 403 architecture dictionary (AD) 75, 80, 92, 108-10, 111-12, 177, 197, 233, 362, 376, 385-86, 388, 403 rules and guidelines 110 architecture flow 79-82, 83, 84, 88, 94, 177, 206, 222, 223, 229, 239, 249, 250, 357, 362, 373, 383, 388, 393-94, 403 rules and guidelines 110
A survey of language support for programming in the large

import/export mechanisms, s e p t n T ^ p S ^ ^ n T " ? '° d e c ° " " > ° s i t TM <" * system, is made using this categorization S t a l ! ^ C " * 1 1 TM 1 " C O n , r 0 ' ' A «»"pari»n Copyright © 1986 Thomas D. Newton Supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, ARPA Order 3597, monitored by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory under contract F33615-81-K-1539. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the U.S. Government.
Canopy1, a positive feedback regulator of FGF signaling, controls progenitor cell clustering during Kupffer's vesicle organogenesis

The assembly of progenitor cells is a crucial step for organ formation during vertebrate development. Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a key organ required for the left–right asymmetric body plan in zebrafish, is generated from a cluster of ∼20 dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs). Although several genes are known to be involved in KV formation, how DFC clustering is regulated and how cluster formation then contributes to KV formation remain unclear. Here we show that positive feedback regulation of FGF signaling by Canopy1 (Cnpy1) controls DFC clustering. Cnpy1 positively regulates FGF signals within DFCs, which in turn promote Cadherin1-mediated cell adhesion between adjacent DFCs to sustain cell cluster formation. When this FGF positive feedback loop is disrupted, the DFC cluster fails to form, eventually leading to KV malformation and defects in the establishment of laterality. Our results therefore uncover both a previously unidentified role of FGF signaling during vertebrate organogenesis and a regulatory mechanism underlying cell cluster formation, which is an indispensable step for formation of a functional KV and establishment of the left–right asymmetric body plan.
Realidad Virtual: Un Aporte Real para la Evaluación y el Tratamiento de Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual

La Realidad Virtual es un tipo de simulacion computacional que permite recrear ambientes para que un sujeto pueda interactuar en ellos, y vivenciar esta experiencia como si ocurriera en un entorno verdadero. El presente articulo expone las principales aplicaciones de esta tecnologia en el diseno de ambientes para la evaluacion e intervencion de personas con discapacidad intelectual, focalizandose en las utilidades que la Realidad Virtual tiene para la neuropsicologia en general, y para esta poblacion en particular. Asimismo, se analizan aspectos del diseno de ambientes y de los dispositivos de entrada de datos que podrian condicionar la efectividad de tales intervenciones, y ciertos aspectos eticos necesarios de considerar en su utilizacion. Finalmente, los aportes y limitaciones de la aplicacion de esta tecnologia en el campo de la discapacidad intelectual son ponderados y se sugieren otras areas potenciales de desarrollo.
A Virus in a Fungus in a Plant : Three-Way Symbiosis Required for Thermal Tolerance

Primary pneumonic plague is transmitted easily, progresses rapidly, and causes high mortality, but the mechanisms by which Yersinia pestis overwhelms the lungs are largely unknown. We show that the plasminogen activator Pla is essential for Y. pestis to cause primary pneumonic plague but is less important for dissemination during pneumonic plague than during bubonic plague. Experiments manipulating its temporal expression showed that Pla allows Y. pestis to replicate rapidly in the airways, causing a lethal fulminant pneumonia; if unexpressed, inflammation is aborted, and lung repair is activated. Inhibition of Pla expression prolonged the survival of animals with the disease, offering a therapeutic option to extend the period during which antibiotics are effective.
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of fresh leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis

Warburga ugandenss Sprague (Canellaceae), is widely used by Traditional Health Practitioners in Eastern and Southern Africa for treatment of diseases and conditions associated with HIV/AIDS infections. The most commonly prescribed parts of the plant are usually barks and roots. The aim of this study was to investigate whether leaves of this plant have biological activities comparable to those of barks and roots. Fresh leaves of W. ugandenss were freeze-dried to complete dryness while another portion of the leaves from the same collection were air-dried under shade. Ethanolic extracts from the two differently dried leaves were tested for antimicrobial activity and for brine shrimp toxicity test. Ethanolic extract from the freeze-dried leaves exhibited both antibacterial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Eschercha col�, Vbro cholerae, Bacllus cereus and antifungal activity against Candda albcans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The extract from the air-dried leaves showed similar antibacterial activity against the mentioned organisms but had no antifungal activity. However, both extracts exhibited comparable cytotoxic activity (95% CI), against brine shrimp larvae with reference to cyclophosphamide, a standard anticancer drug. Fresh leaves of W. ugandenss have shown to exhibit anticandida activity, a factor which substantiates their application as a traditional herbal remedy to complement treatment of fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients. Further studies to establish constituents responsible for the exhibited antifungal activity are highly desirable.
S-band GaN PolHEMT power amplifier

Under PolHEMT project focused on AlGaN/GaN HEMT on truly bulk semi-insulating GaN substrate technology development a power amplifier using this type of polish transistor was designed and fabricated. The amplifier achieves the parameters as follow: output power at 1dB G.C. P. more than 31dBm, max power density of 4,15W/mm, small-signal gain |S21|>12,5dB, over a 2,5GHz to 3,5GHz frequency range.