Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical analysis of the cellular infiltrate in multiple sclerosis lesions

Immunohistochemical staining of 16 brains post mortem from patients with progressive multiple sclerosis and of two biopsy specimens from patients with acute demyelinating disease was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with T cells and T‐cell subsets, B cells, and Ia (HLA‐DR) antigens. Lymphocytic perivascular cuffs were most prominent at the edge of active plaques and were occasionally seen in areas with no evidence of demyelination or macrophage infiltration. Perivascular cuffs consisted predominantly of T cells and Ia+ cells, with many T8+ cells and variable numbers of T4+ cells. T8/T4 ratios in cuffs varied between 1:1 and 50:1. In normal‐appearing white matter, cuffs were sparse and were predominantly T8+. The distribution of T cells in the parenchyma resembled that seen in perivascular cuffs, namely, predominantly T8+ cells and variable numbers of T4+ cells. Many Ia+ cells were present in active lesions, and the majority of these cells appeared, by histological criteria, to be macrophages. Tissue macrophages were also stained lightly by the anti‐T4 antibody. No brain had more T4+ than T8+ cells, determined using both T4 and Leu3a monoclonal antibodies. B1+ cells were rare. These results suggest that the cellular infiltrate in multiple sclerosis consists predominantly of T cells and macrophages and that there is an overrepresentation of T8+ cells compared with T4+ cells.
Fetal tissue engineering: diaphragmatic replacement.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Prosthetic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia has been associated with high complication rates. This study was aimed at applying fetal tissue engineering to diaphragmatic replacement. METHODS Fetal lambs underwent harvest of skeletal muscle specimens. Once expanded in vitro, fetal myoblasts were suspended in a collagen hydrogel submitted to controlled radial tension. The construct was then placed in a bioreactor. After birth, all animals underwent creation of 2 diaphragmatic defects. One defect was repaired with the autologous-engineered construct placed in between 2 acellular supporting membranes and the other with an identical construct but without any cells. Each animal was its own control (graft, n = 10). Animals were killed at different time-points postimplantation for histologic examination. Statistical analysis was by analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Fetal myoblasts expanded up to twice as fast as neonatal cells. Hydrogel-based radial tension enhanced construct architecture by eliciting cell organization within the scaffold. No eventration was present in 4 of 5 engineered constructs but in 0 of 5 acellular grafts (P<.05). At harvest, engineered constructs were thick and histologically resembled normal skeletal muscle, whereas acellular grafts were thin, floppy, and showed low cell density with increased fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Unlike acellular grafts, engineered cellular diaphragmatic constructs are anatomically and histologically similar to normal muscle. Fetal tissue engineering may be a viable alternative for diaphragmatic replacement.
A case study of land cover classification using combined PolSAR and optical

A land use and land cover (LULC) map is primitive information in many application fields as the geospatial information, and this is able to be contributed by the Earth observation satellite data in both local scale and global scale. Recently, much finer resolution (~10 m spatial resolution) of LULC map is demanded from users to contribute in the application fields i.e. agriculture, forest management, costal environmental monitoring, an illegal exploitation and waste dumping, as well as in the scientific field i.e. forest biomass estimation, climatology, energy and water cycle studies. These application and scientific issues are not only in Japan but also in foreign countries. This paper investigated relationships between microwave and optical responses in several land-cover-conditions to develop a combined LULC algorithm as preliminary study.
Computable elements and functions in effectively enumerable topological spaces

This paper is a part of the ongoing program of analysing the complexity of various problems in computable analysis in terms of the complexity of the associated index sets. In the framework of effectively enumerable topological spaces, we investigate the following question: given an effectively enumerable topological space whether there exists a computable numbering of all its computable elements. We present a natural sufficient condition on the family of basic neighbourhoods of computable elements that guarantees the existence of a principal computable numbering. We show that weakly-effective ω–continuous domains and the natural numbers with the discrete topology satisfy this condition. We prove weak and strong analogues of Rice's theorem for computable elements. Then, we construct principal computable numberings of partial majorant-computable real-valued functions and co-effectively closed sets and calculate the complexity of index sets for important problems such as root verification and function equality. For example, we show that, for partial majorant-computable real functions, the equality problem is Π1 1-complete.
Susceptibility of the heart to ischaemia–reperfusion injury and exercise‐induced cardioprotection are sex‐dependent in the rat

The cardioprotective effects of short‐term exercise against myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury in male and female rats were examined. We subjected male and female rats to 0 (Sed; n= 8 males and 8 females), 1 (1 day; n= 10 males and 8 females), or 5 (5 day; n= 6 males and 6 females) days of treadmill running. Langendorff‐perfused hearts underwent 1 h of regional ischaemia and 2 h of reperfusion, and infarct size (expressed as a percentage of the zone at risk; ZAR), left ventricular pressure development, and coronary flow were measured for each heart. Preischaemic pressure development and coronary flow did not differ between the sexes nor were they influenced by exercise. Sed females had significantly smaller infarct sizes (25 ± 3%) than Sed male hearts (37 ± 3%; P < 0.001). Short‐term running significantly reduced infarct size following 1 day (27 ± 3%; P < 0.05) and 5 days (30 ± 4%; P < 0.10) of exercise in males. One day of running did not reduce infarct size in females (19 ± 3%; P= NS), but 5 day females did show a significant reduction in infarct size (13 ± 2%; P < 0.05). There was no relationship between postischaemic coronary vascular hyperaemia and infarct size across sexes or exercise training groups. Hearts from Sed females exhibited significantly higher manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein expression than hearts from Sed males, but short‐term exercise (neither 1 nor 5 days) did not alter MnSOD protein in either sex. Increased sarcolemmal ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunit protein expression (SUR2A and/or Kir6.2) correlated closely with sex‐dependent and exercise‐acquired protection against myocardial infarction. These data indicate that: (1) sex‐dependent and exercise‐induced differences in the susceptibility of the heart to ischaemia–reperfusion injury are not associated with improved coronary flow or postischaemic hyperaemia; (2) increased MnSOD protein expression is not necessary for exercise‐induced protection from infarction; and (3) one possible mechanism for sex‐dependent and exercise‐mediated reductions in infarct size involves an increased protein expression of cardiac sarcolemmal KATP channels.
Algorithm of event detection for hybrid power system simulation

The power system is a large-scale nonlinear system, and presents the hybrid characteristic of continuous dynamics and discrete event dynamics. Hence power system is considered as a classic hybrid system. This paper proposed a numerical calculating approach which system control theory is applied for evaluation of stepsize. A solution algorithm used to detect and locate events occurred in process of power system numerical simulation is studied, i.e. this algorithm is taken as a feedback controller, controller input is system guard functions, and controller output is the stepsize of numerical calculation. This output stepsize then combined with traditional stepsize choice techniques and an appropriate stepsize is finally determined for numerical simulation. The proposed algorithm can exactly detect and locate events occurred in power system. Finaly, a simple example of power system is given, the results of numerical evaluation show that the proposed approach is reasonable and feasible.
The Influence of Rehydration Mode After Exercise Dehydration on Cardiovascular Function

Abstract McDermott, BP, Casa, DJ, Lee, EC, Yamamoto, LM, Beasley, KN, Emmanuel, H, Pescatello, LS, Kraemer, WJ, Anderson, JM, Armstrong, LE, and Maresh, CM. The influence of rehydration mode after exercise dehydration on cardiovascular function. J Strength Cond Res 27(8): 2086–2095, 2013—Our purpose was to compare the common modes of rehydration (REHY) on cardiovascular and fluid regulation recovery after exercise dehydration (EXDE). Twelve nonheat-acclimatized trained subjects (age: 23 ± 4 years, weight: 81.3 ± 3.7 kg, height: 180 ± 6 cm, V[Combining Dot Above]O2max: 56.9 ± 4.4 ml·min−1·kg−1 , and body fat: 7.8 ± 3.0%) completed 20-hour fluid restriction and 2-hour EXDE to −4% body mass, and then were rehydrated to −2% body mass in a randomized, crossover design. The REHY methods included no fluid (NF), ad libitum, oral (OR), intravenous (IV), and a combination of IV and OR (IV + OR) of 1/2-normal saline (0.45% NaCl). The REHY occurred for 30 minutes, and the subjects were observed during rest for 30 minutes. Seated, standing, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood pressure (BP) were measured every 15 minutes throughout REHY. Heart rate (HR), plasma arginine vasopressin concentration [AVP], and thirst perception were measured throughout REHY. The EXDE resulted in a body mass loss of 4.32 ± 0.22%. The REHY returned the subjects to −2.13 ± 0.47% body mass for controlled trials. Seated systolic BP was greater for IV + OR compared with that for OR (p = 0.015). Seated systolic BP and MAP during REHY showed that IV + OR was greater than OR, independent of time (p ⩽ 0.011). Upon standing, IV + OR demonstrated a greater BP than both NF (p = 0.012) and OR (p = 0.031) did. The HR was reduced by IV and IV + OR to a greater extent than NF at REHY30 and REHY60 (p < 0.05). The IV + OR [AVP] demonstrated a strong trend for decreasing over time (p = 0.054) and was significantly less than NF at REHY60 (p = 0.003). Practical application seeking to restore cardiovascular function after EXDE, the combined use of IV + OR rather than a single REHY method seems to be most expedient.
Determinants of age at first marriage among Women in Western Uganda

Background: Early marriage is common in much of the developing world, adolescent and child marriage continues to be a strong social norm, particularly for girls. It is associated with early childbearing, in most cases particularly in the developing world; the main purpose of marriage is to have children. Delayed age at marriage directly affects completed fertility by reducing the number of years available for childbearing. A delayed marriage may affect fertility indirectly due to some contributory factors linked with higher age at marriage, such as women’s education, which may relate to family size preferences and use of contraception (Agyei and Mbamanya, 1989, Amin, 1995; Tushabe, 1997, Jensen and Thornton, 2003, Asiimwe, 2008). In Uganda, marriage is still common among young girls. The median age at first marriage among women is just before 18 years and it has been stable for the past 30 years. Many girls in Uganda marry by age 15 (UBOS/ORC Macro 2001, 2006). According to UBOS/ORC Macro (1995, 2000/01 and 2006), Western Uganda’s age at first marriage has been 17.4, 18.2 and 17.3 and Total fertility rate of 6.98, 6.9 and 7.3 respectively. This low age at first marriage leads to high Total fertility rate (TFR) as a reduction in age at first marriage by a year in 2001 led to an increase in total fertility rate from 6.9 to 7.3 in 2006, UBOS/ORC Macro (2001,2006). The high fertility has been an obstacle to the country’s development since there is a need to put up more social structures like schools, and health centers to meet the needs of the children produced (UBOS/ORC Macro 2006). In the effort to increase the age at first marriage, Uganda has tried to intervene by setting the minimum legal age for a woman to get married at 18 years and through emphasis on educating the girl child through a number of educational reforms instituted since 1990 (MoES, 2003). However in Western Uganda, marriages among teenage women are still common. Given the centrality of marriage in an individual’s life history and its impact on fertility; and having realized that there is no related study that has been carried out in the Western Region and the socio-economic determinants of age at first marriage in the Western Region are not known, the study was conducted to establish the differentials and determinants of age at first marriage in Western Region.
A Comparison of On-Line and Off-Line Sexual Risk in Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Event-Based On-Line Survey

Objective:To assess whether men who have sex with men (MSM) are more likely to report unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with partners met on-line compared with those met off-line. Methods:A total of 6122 individuals consented to participate in an anonymous behavioral survey on-line. This event-based analysis is limited to the 1683 men from the United States and Canada who had sex in the 3 months before the study and reported that their last sexual encounter included a new or casual male partner or partners. Prevalence and predictors of UAI were analyzed separately for the 386 men reporting more than 1 partner (multiple) and the 1297 men reporting only 1 (single) partner in their last encounter. Results:Of the 1683 MSM recruited on-line, 51% met their partner(s) in their last sexual encounter on-line and 23% reported UAI. No difference in risk for UAI was found for partners met on-line versus off-line in the bivariate or multivariate analyses. In a multivariate analysis of men with multiple-partner encounters, UAI was significantly associated with being HIV-seropositive (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.87; P = 0.02) in a model that included age; education; whether partners were met on-line or off-line; and use of crystal methamphetamine, sildenafil, or alcohol before sex. Using the same model, significant predictors of UAI in men reporting a single-partner encounter were use of crystal methamphetamine (adjusted OR = 5.67; P = 0.001) and no college degree (adjusted OR = 1.63; P = 0.01). Conclusions:MSM recruited on-line who reported a new or casual sex partner(s) in the prior 3 months are at considerable risk of HIV or other sexually transmitted infections, but they are equally likely to report UAI whether sex partners were met on-line or off-line. The Internet may be an ideal venue for reaching high-risk MSM.
The Impact of Reading Intervention on Brain Responses Underlying Language in Children With Autism

Deficits in language comprehension have been widely reported in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with behavioral and neuroimaging studies finding increased reliance on visuospatial processing to aid in language comprehension. However, no study to date, has taken advantage of this strength in visuospatial processing to improve language comprehension difficulties in ASD. This study used a translational neuroimaging approach to test the role of a visual imagery‐based reading intervention in improving the brain circuitry underlying language processing in children with ASD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a longitudinal study design, was used to investigate intervention‐related change in sentence comprehension, brain activation, and functional connectivity in three groups of participants (age 8–13 years): an experimental group of ASD children (ASD‐EXP), a wait‐list control group of ASD children (ASD‐WLC), and a group of typically developing control children. After intervention, the ASD‐EXP group showed significant increase in activity in visual and language areas and right‐hemisphere language area homologues, putamen, and thalamus, suggestive of compensatory routes to increase proficiency in reading comprehension. Additionally, ASD children who had the most improvement in reading comprehension after intervention showed greater functional connectivity between left‐hemisphere language areas, the middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus while reading high imagery sentences. Thus, the findings of this study, which support the principles of dual coding theory [Paivio 2007], suggest the potential of a strength‐based reading intervention in changing brain responses and facilitating better reading comprehension in ASD children. Autism Res 2015. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FDG-positron-emission tomography for staging and therapeutic assessment in patients with plasmacytoma

Plasmacytoma can be confined to bone (solitary bone plasmacytoma) or occur in extramedullary sites (extramedullary plasmacytoma). [1][1]–[4][2] Diagnostic criteria are a biopsy-proven lesion of bone or soft tissue with evidence of clonal plasma cells, normal bone marrow with no evidence of clonal
The Materiality of the Digital and the Gendered Voice of Siri

We live, contends Alexander Galloway, in an algorithmic culture. Algorithms are now inescapably embedded into everyday life transforming processes and objects from cultural artefacts into “smart” systems. But unlike most algorithms, which are obscured behind the black box of post-industrial processes, intelligent personal assistant softwares such as Apple’s Siri are imbued with voice and personality. That is, they are given a materiality and tangibility. This paper aims to interrogate the nature of this materiality, and specifically, the manifestation of the gendered voice. It is my contention that the gendered voice of Siri is symptomatic of the difficulties in performing trust and transparency in what is essentially an intangible process. As Christian Sandvig has argued, transparency and trust are processes that must be seen in order to be believed but the issue with algorithms is that for the most part they can’t be seen. Thus for these “robots,” the performance of human sociality, specifically the use of language, humour, and the presentation of gender are cunning manoeuvres that contribute to the performance of trust in the theatre of persuasion. Continuing Sandvig’s trajectory, this research seeks to explore the relationship between gender, sociality, and immediacy in these artificial systems.
Respiratory Changes in the Superior Vena Cava Area on Inspiratory and Expiratory Chest CT: Comparison between Patients with COPD and with Bronchial Asthma

Purpose: In patients with obstructive lung diseases, alteration of intrathoracic pressure is closely related to hyperinflation and leads to hemodynamic impairments. Both intrathoracic pressure and hemodynamics are affected by the respiratory phase. In fact, a previous study showed that respiratory phasic variations in the superior vena cava (SVC) area significantly correlated with the extent of emphysema. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma manifest different pathophysiological changes in hyperinflation and hemodynamics. The current study was conducted to evaluate differences in respiratory variations in the cross-sectional area of the SVC between patients with COPD and with asthma. Materials and Methods: We measured the SVC area and calculated the ratio of the SVC area on inspiratory and expiratory scans (i/e-SVC ratio) in 66 patients with COPD and 16 patients with asthma. The cor-relations of the i/e-SVC ratios with airflow limitation, pulmonary small vessels less than 5 mm2 (%cross-sectional area [%CSA] < 5), and respiratory changes in lung volume (i/e-LV) obtained by inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography (CT) images were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in i/e-SVC ratio between COPD and asthma groups. In COPD patients, the i/e-SVC ratio significantly correlated with the %CSA < 5 (ρ = ﹣0.433, P = 0.003), i/e-LV ratio (ρ = ﹣0.371, P = 0.011), and percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1% predicted) (ρ = ﹣0.474, P = 0.001), whereas in asthma patients, there were no significant correlations between the i/e-SVC ratio and those functional parameters. Conclusion: There would be differences in the relationship between intrathoracic pressure and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics between COPD and asthma patients.
Dietary supplements: physician knowledge and adverse event reporting.

PURPOSE Dietary supplement (DS) use among US military personnel is widespread. Many consume several different DS with multiple ingredients one or more times each week, representing a potential public health concern. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and behaviors of health professionals and physicians regarding patterns of DS use and possible adverse events (AE) associated with DS use. We also determined how providers address the issue of DS with patients and evaluated provider knowledge regarding reporting systems. METHODS Two prospective, cross-sectional, web-based questionnaires were administered. First, health care providers who accessed the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database to gather evidenced-based information on DS and herbal products were queried. Second, physicians who had graduated from the Uniformed Services University were sent a web-based questionnaire regarding DS knowledge, AE knowledge and reporting, and communication with patients about DS. The frequencies of responses were evaluated. RESULTS Although 60% of the military physicians who responded to the questionnaires believed they had observed AE in association with a DS, only 18% actually reported them. Three of four physician respondents (approximately 73%) did not know how or where to report AE associated with DS. The majority of physicians (66%) routinely asked most of their patients about DS use, and 65% did not have a reliable source of information for herbal and DS products. CONCLUSIONS Information gaps in DS information and AE reporting were identified. A centralized AE reporting system could serve to identify potentially harmful DS for further evaluation. Health professionals need to remain vigilant for AE associated with DS use and better informed on how to report these events.
Quasiparticle energies in small metal clusters.

Calcul des energies de quasiparticules d'agregats de Sodium et de Potassium en utilisant le modele jellium-sphere blackground (fond continu de la sphere de Jellium) pour les niveaux de cœur d'ions positifs, et l'approximation GW de Hedin pour les energies des electrons de valence. Dans le calcul de l'interaction de Coulomb ecrantee, une nouvelle methode generalisee pour approximer le spectre d'excitation des systemes interactifs a N-corps est introduite. Les potentiels d'ionisation et les energies de quasiparticules calcules sont nettement ameliores comparativement aux calculs bases sur la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite locale de Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham
Broadband robustly single-mode hollow-core PCF by resonant filtering of higher-order modes.

We report a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber that is engineered so as to strongly suppress higher-order modes, i.e., to provide robust LP01 single-mode guidance in all the wavelength ranges where the fiber guides with low loss. Encircling the core is a single ring of nontouching glass elements whose modes are tailored to ensure resonant phase-matched coupling to higher-order core modes. We show that the resulting modal filtering effect depends on only one dimensionless shape parameter, akin to the well-known d/Λ parameter for endlessly single-mode solid-core PCF. Fabricated fibers show higher-order mode losses some ∼100 higher than for the LP01 mode, with LP01 losses <0.2 dB/m in the near-infrared and a spectral flatness ∼1 dB over a >110 THz bandwidth.