Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Non-self: A New Perspective from the Ekottarika Āgama

Scholars have pointed out that the arguments for not-self (anattā, or “non-self”) recurring in the Buddhist texts are meant to refute the “self” (ātman) in the Upaniṣads. The Buddha’s denial of the self, however, was not only pointed at Brahmanism, but also confronted various śramaṇic trends of thought against Brahmanism. This paper investigates the extant three versions of a Buddhist text which records a debate between the Buddha and Saccaka, an adherent of a certain śramaṇic sect, over the relationship of the self and the five aggregates (khandha). There exist divergences among the three versions in regard to the account of this debate. The account in sutta 35 of the Majjhima Nikāya is generally consistent with that in sūtra 110 of the Saṃyukta Āgama in Chinese translation, whereas sūtra 10 of Chapter 37 of the Ekottarika Āgama in Chinese translation tells a very different story. Judging from Saccaka’s title, Nigaṇṭhaputta, and his background as given in the Pali commentary, he was an adherent of Jainism. This paper demonstrates that Saccaka’s view, which was refuted by the Buddha, as stated in the two similar versions has nothing to do with Jainism, but rather it is an “invention” created by distorting Brahmanical thought. This “invention” has led the Pali commentaries and contemporary scholars to interpret the ‘self’ denied by the Buddha as what comes under one’s mastery or control, and to understand the statement “Each of the five aggregates is not self” in the Buddhist texts as denying the idea that each of the five aggregates can be seen as what comes under control. This, however, misses the point. The mainstream thought in India at that time conceived the ‘self’ or the essence of the individual or of the universe as a ‘controller’, and it is this concept that the Buddha exerted all his energy to overturn. Therefore, the account in those two versions of the text apparently has some mistake. As to the Ekottarika Āgama version of the text, Saccaka’s view as stated therein is very different from what is found in the above two versions. An examination of this version shows that the views rebutted by the Buddha are very similar to those of the Ājīvikas. Since the Buddhist texts frequently confuse the Ājīvikas with the Jains (Nigaṇṭha), it is very likely that Saccaka was actually an adherent of the Ājīvika faith and that this discourse is meant to criticize the Ājīvika doctrines. Since the Ekottarika Āgama version seems to make better sense, this version may be fairly close to the original account, while the other two versions have considerably deviated from the original. By comparing these three versions of the text, I also attempt to explore some important issues regarding the sectarian development of Buddhism, and to shed some light on the unique values of the Chinese Ekottarika Āgama, which is, in terms of sectarian affiliation, significantly distant from the Pali Majjhima Nikāya and the Chinese Saṃyukta Āgama that belong to two closely related schools.
A multichannel data acquisition system for bolometer detectors based on microcontroller Cortex M3 architecture

We present the first prototype of a custom Data Acquisition System for bolometer and scintillating bolometer detectors. It consists of a board controlled by a Cortex M3 microcontroller coupled with a 8 channels Sigma/Delta 24 bit ADC. The large number of bits allows having at the same time a high dynamic and a high resolution at low threshold, in order to separate very low energy events. Each board accommodates 8 input channels sampled simultaneously with a maximum rate of 50 kHz. Converted data are read by the microcontroller and sent to the remote controller using the TCP/IP or UPD communications protocol. The microcontroller also manages the board configuration. The board, exploiting the microcontroller flexibility, is fully programmable, it can work in different running modes and it can perform common data processing algorithms on the acquired data (first level trigger, digital filtering, zero suppression, FFT, etc). In this work we present tests and characterizations about this first custom data acquisition system. The results are the starting point in order to design the final prototype.
REASONS EXPLANATION OF ACTION: AN INCOMPATIBILIST ACCOUNT

Incompatibilism is the thesis that any free action must be an undetermined event. By a free action I mean one such that until the time of its occurrence the agent had it in her power to perform some alternative action (or to be inactive) instead. By an undetermined event I mean one that was not nomically necessitated by the antecedent state of the world. (Hence, a determined event is one that was nomically necessitated by its antecedents.) By saying of an event that it was nomically necessitated by the antecedent state of the world, I mean that the antecedent state together with the laws of nature determined that that event, rather than some alternative, would occur. I believe that a compelling argument for incompatibilism can be given but I will not undertake to give it here. ' I want rather to rebut two arguments against incompatibilism that have been put forward from time to time. One of these, to which I will give by far the larger response, combines the consideration that a free action can be influenced by the agent's intentions, desires, and beliefs-can have an explanation in terms of reasons for which the agent did it-with the assumption that only a determined event can have such an explanation.2 My response to this will be to counter the assumption by offering an adeterministic or anomic account of such explanations. The other argument does not assume that reasons explanations are deterministic (nor does it assume the contradictory) but simply claims that where we have an undetermined action we do not have an agent
Efficient training of high-order hidden Markov models using first-order representations

Abstract We detail an algorithm (ORED) that transforms any higher-order hidden Markov model (HMM) to an equivalent first-order HMM. This makes it possible to process higher-order HMMs with standard techniques applicable to first-order models. Based on this equivalence, a fast incremental algorithm (FIT) is developed for training higher-order HMMs from lower-order models, thereby avoiding the training of redundant parameters. We also show that the FIT algorithm results in much faster training and better generalization compared to conventional high-order HMM approaches. This makes training of high-order HMMs practical for many applications.
Performance of 16-state TCM MC-CDMA with various SUD techniques over downlink wireless channels

We present a novel combination of 16-state 8-phase shift keying/8-quadrature amplitude modulation 8-QAM trellis coding schemes with multicarrier code division multiple access MC-CDMA and various single user detection SUD techniques. In literature, it is well established that minimum mean square error MMSE is the optimum SUD technique when used with fully loaded uncoded MC-CDMA systems. We show that for fully loaded systems, 8-QAM trellis-coded MC-CDMA equalised with threshold orthogonality restoring combining TORC outperforms equivalent systems that use MMSE by almost 1.4 dB at a bit error rate of 10
Understanding natural constructivism

conceptual, knowledge cannot ever describe in all its fullness, [but] which turn out to be central to the human-knowledge understanding of complex totalities . it is a skillfulness, [for] skilful being in complex totalities is what humans (and all creatures) have evolved to do. (p. 47, my italics) 10. The biosemiotic origins of ‘knowing’ Such inarticulable knowledge as Wheeler describes above is not generally acknowledged in the rhetorics of ‘reason’ and ‘objective science’ that characterize our late modernity. Science does not have much to say about it, for to understand what is really going on here, one must acknowledge that what is happening is that the body is reading, remembering, and acting upon signs. In other words, the ‘skillfulness in being’ that Wheeler speaks of here is a semiotic skillfulness. Accordingly, she turns to the literature of biosemiotics to provide the most reasonable framework for seeing ‘the processes of tacit knowing’ not as some kind of ghostly ‘extrasensory phenomenon,’ but instead as most fundamentally a ‘sensory’ phenomenon — as the ability to detect elements of the surrounding environment and to couple such sensations to appropriately life-sustaining action is the sine qua non of living systems. Indeed, long before human beings (and in particular, human culture) began encoding their experiences of the world in the symbolic terms of language-based thought (and the abstractions from reality that it alone makes possible), this kind of non-verbal, bodily associative ‘knowing’ of iconic (sensory) and indexical (associative) relations is what organisms have been relying on for their survival ever since the first membraned creatures came into existence almost four billion years ago, and found themselves having to negotiate their own internal survival demands with the demands imposed upon them at each and every moment by an ‘external’ world of alterity. 506 D. Favareau
Supply chain management, knowledge management capability, and their linkages towards firm performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how supply chain management (SCM) practices and knowledge management (KM) capabilities affect firm performance. This study was conducted in the Asia Pacific region, which had not been examined before.Design/methodology/approach – A three‐phase statistical analysis which comprised phase one (convergent validity, reliability, and discriminant validity), phase two (mediated regression analysis) and phase three (path analysis) was used to analyze the data.Findings – The results from this paper have shown that the implementation of SCM practices will interact with KM capabilities to influence firm performance.Research limitations/implications – The proposed model does not consider firm performance from multiple perspectives. In addition, the use of longitudinal data would be more useful to examine how changes in certain variables affect performance.Practical implications – These findings provide important insights for managers to understand the disposition .
Structural Prominence and Agrammatic Theta-Role Assignment: A Reconsideration of Linear Strategies

In this paper we examine the tendency for agrammatic aphasics to make thematic reversal errors in comprehension, e.g., a tendency for English-speaking agrammatics to assign a preposed object the subject role. Although this tendency has been argued to follow from either a linear (Grodzinsky, 1995) or a directionality (Hagiwara & Caplan, 1990) strategy, we show that such proposals can, at best, function as language-particular strategies. We examine data from English, Japanese, German and Dutch, and propose a Structural Prominence Hypothesis which captures the following cross-linguistic generalization: thematic reversal errors result from a tendency to assign thematic roles based on the relative structural prominence of the candidate NPs.
Breaking Down Donor‐Reactive T‐Cell Activation to Two Steps

During the recipient immune response to solid tissue allografts naive T cells with donor antigen specificity are activated in the secondary lymphoid tissues by graftand recipient-derived antigen-presenting cells (APC) to undergo clonal proliferation and differentiation to effector T cells. These T cells then traffic back to the graft and express the effector functions including cytokine production and cytolysis that mediate cellular allograft rejection. T-cell activation during interaction with the APC requires recognition of peptide/allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or allopeptide/self-MHC complexes and the delivery of sets of costimulatory signals to both the APC and to the T cell. Among these costimulatory signals, the CD154/CD40 pathway plays a fundamental role in the activation and further differentiation of naive alloreactive T cells. CD40 is constitutively expressed on APC while CD154 expression is induced on T cells through signals delivered following T-cell receptor engagement of peptide/MHC complexes. These and other costimulatory molecules have been major targets in the development of reagents to inhibit donor antigen-specific T-cell activation and prevent allograft rejection. In murine and nonhuman primate models, blockade of this pathway using monoclonal antibodies specific for CD40L (CD154) has shown prolonged graft survival.
Current cell-based influenza vaccine production technology as pandemic contingency

Production technologies culminating in cell-based Influenza vaccines have been in development since the 1930s. It became a relevant technology for pandemic contingency after human infections by the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian Influenza viruses from 1997. Ten years from the first regulatory approvals in 2001, pandemic vaccines have been manufactured using this technology. However, the production capacity for cell-based Influenza vaccines is still inadequate to cater for a possible Influenza pandemic. One challenge for the expansion of cell-based Influenza vaccine production capacity is the uncertainty in the relevance of current cell-based Influenza vaccine production technology, because egg-based H5N1 vaccines are developed, and new Influenza vaccine technologies are in the pipeline. Nonetheless, cell-based Influenza vaccines are still relevant for the rapid production of new Influenza virus strains that can be challenging for egg-based production, and new vaccines based on current cell-based production technology will keep these relevant in the future. Another major challenge to expanding cell-based Influenza vaccine production capacity is the substantial investment required, coupled with possibly small returns because seasonal Influenza vaccines can be adequately supplied by existing egg-based facilities. This dilemma can be solved by motivating manufacturers of other cell-based therapeutics to set up on-demand production capabilities for cell-based pandemic Influenza vaccines in their existing facilities. This can reduce the investment and running costs, as well as decouple the production of pandemic vaccines from that of seasonal vaccines. With such approaches, current cell-based Influenza vaccine technologies can provide an economical solution to cater for the risk of an Influenza pandemic.
Point-occurrence self-similarity in crackling-noise systems and in other complex systems

It has been recently found that a number of systems displaying crackling noise also show a remarkable behavior as regards the temporal occurrence of successive events versus their size: a scaling law for the probability distributions of waiting times as a function of a minimum size is obeyed, signaling the existence for those systems of self-similarity in time size. This property is also present in some non-crackling systems. Here, the uncommon character of the scaling law is illustrated with simple marked renewal processes, built by definition with no correlations. Whereas processes with a finite mean waiting time do not obey a scaling law in general and tend towards a Poisson process in the limit of very high sizes, processes without a finite mean tend to another class of distributions, characterized by double-power-law waiting-time densities. This is somewhat reminiscent of the generalized central limit theorem. A model with short-range correlations is not able to escape from the attraction of those limit distributions. A discussion on open problems in the modeling of these properties is provided.
Polímeros biodegradáveis: relação entre cristalinidade e propriedades biológicas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de determinar a relacao entre a cristalinidade de polimeros biodegradaveisutilizados comercialmente e suas propriedades biologicas. A metodologia utilizada consistiu inicialmentena caracterizacao de propriedades termicas de polimeros biodegradaveis comerciais e posterior preparacaode placas finas atraves de prensagem em prensa dotada de aquecimento. Foi selecionado o poli(sucinato-co-tereftalato) de butila ou PBST (DuPont) para a realizacao do estudo, onde as placas obtidasdeste polimero foram posteriormente fundidas e submetidas a diferentes condicoes de cristalizacao,visando modificar a cristalinidade das amostras. As tecnicas de caracterizacao empregadas foram AnaliseTermogravimetrica (TGA), Calorimetria Exploratoria Diferencial (DSC) e Difracao de Raios-X emÂngulo Largo (WAXS). Foram obtidas amostras de PBST amorfo e com graus de cristalinidade na faixade 18 a 40%. Estas amostras serao posteriormente avaliadas quanto a sua capacidade de biodegradacaoatraves de tecnicas respirometricas.Palavras-chave: polimeros biodegradaveis, cristalinidade, biodegradacao.1Academica do Curso de Engenharia de Plasticos/ULBRA -Bolsistas PROICT/ULBRA2Professora/Orientadora do Curso de Quimica/ULBRA e do PPGEngenharia: Energia Ambiente e Materiais (mfsl@ulbra.br)
Clusterization of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Methods Based on Watershed Characteristics

116106-7878 IJCEE-IJENS © December 201 1 IJENS I J E N S Abstract— The aim of this study is to determine the appropriate method of synthetic unit hydrograph for various ungauge watershed characteristics, where each metho d specified in range of validity based on characteristics parameter and will be presented in the form of synthetic unit hydrograph methods clusterization. Characteristics of the watershed th at is used as a parameter are watershed area, the length of the mai n river and the slope. Watershed as the study site is 32 waters heds located in Java Island, Indonesia. Based on rainfall and river water level data, the observation unit hydrograph is determined for each watershed using the convolution method. Synthetic m ethod validation is done by calculating the comparison pa r meters between observation and synthetic unit hydrograph with the specified tolerance value. Comparison parameter mea sure the similarity of the unit hydrograph’s shape and the unit hydrograph parameters of the peak discharge, peak t ime and time base. The analyzed synthetic method is Snyder, SCS, Nakayasu and Gama-1. The results showed each synthe tic method has a validity range of the watershed area, the length of the main river and the slope.
Uterine Telocytes: A Review of Current Knowledge1

ABSTRACT Telocytes (TCs), a novel cell type, are briefly defined as interstitial cells with telopodes (Tps). However, a specific immunocytochemical marker has not yet been found; therefore, electron microscopy is currently the only accurate method for identifying TCs. TCs are considered to have a mesenchymal origin. Recently proteomic analysis, microarray-based gene expression analysis, and the micro-RNA signature clearly showed that TCs are different from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells. The dynamics of Tps were also revealed, and some electrophysiological properties of TCs were described (such as membrane capacitance, input resistance, membrane resting potential, and absence of action potentials correlated with different ionic currents characteristics), which can be used to distinguish uterine TCs from smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Here, we briefly present the most recent findings on the characteristics of TCs and their functions in human pregnant and nonpregnant uteri.
Is “Understanding” a misunderstanding?

Key factors that make a discipline or approach scientific are the ability to define unifying explanatory and/or predictive models and the ability to evaluate and compare the ideas within the area. In this short paper I'll try to defend the following thesis: in the “Science of Interoperability” evaluation and comparison is hindered by the lack of precise goal statements and of measures to assess the attainment of that goals, and this is at least in part related to models and theories that at present have the favour of the research community in formalizing the notion of understanding.
Altered response of a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) after transfer of a normal chromosome 11.

Previous work in our laboratory using functional assays for tumorigenicity identified a tumor suppressor element on human chromosome 11q for the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A388.6TG. c2. In this report, we screened a variety of agents for differential effects on A388.6TG. c2 compared to a growth-suppressed chromosome 11 microcell hybrid of A388.6TG. c2. One of the agents, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3); calcitriol), exerted a growth-altering effect on A388.6TG. c2, which formed rounded cell clusters across the surface of the raft by Day 6 of treatment. In contrast, full-length chromosome 11 hybrids of A388.6TG. c2, as well as two other squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (FaDu and A431), when treated with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), failed to demonstrate this cell-clumping phenotype. To pursue the hypothesis that the growth suppressor element is involved in altering the response to 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3), we tested microcell hybrids carrying t(X;11) chromosomes lacking large portions of 11q. Although these hybrids, like the parent A388.6TG. c2 cells, demonstrated extensive growth in organotypic cultures, they failed to form cell clusters with 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. These results suggest that the chromosome 11 element that alters the response to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is distinct from the growth-suppressing element. An examination of differentiation marker expression revealed identical patterns of basal and suprabasal markers for A388.6TG. c2 and for a chromosome 11 hybrid with or without treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Finally, characterization of candidate tumor suppressor gene PPP2R1B, which encodes for a subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), showed seemingly insignificant alterations by cDNA sequence analysis. Collectively, the data suggest that human chromosome 11 contains two different tumor suppressor elements that may account for the two areas of loss of heterozygosity observed on the long arm of this chromosome.
Extraction test cases by using data mining; reducing the cost of testing

In this paper Case-Based Reasoning and Data mining are used as efficient methods for effort estimation and automated testing has been investigated respectively If you software has many outstanding features but does not work properly due to lack of testing, your software is subjected to fail so in order to test them properly, the test results could help the developer to classify them in different categories such as different process models and different types of errors in each developing life cycle phase, then by having these classified results and using data mining methods and Case-Based Reasoning, it would be easy to have the new software's properties and estimate the future test cases in order to reduce the cost of testing phase and eventually the developing cost in similar upcoming projects. In this paper we try to emphasize on testing the similar software with similar test cases. To make it much more efficient, a case with different types of attributes is designed for each software which shows the behavior of it, then we evaluate any upcoming software by fining the most similar case for it from the stored cases and do the performed test cases for it. By estimating the proper set of domains for each attributes, we could increase the efficiency.