Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intervening in masculinity: work, relationships and violence among the intimate partners of female sex workers in South India

Abstract Although health researchers have begun to examine the forms of violence and power dynamics that play out in the intimate relationships of female sex workers (FSWs) in India, this knowledge has tended to focus on the perspectives of women, leaving men’s motivations and attitudes relatively unexamined. This paper examines the contours of masculinity and gender norms from the perspective of the intimate partners of FSWs. Based on six months of ethnographic research in Northern Karnataka, the study employed two focus group discussions (FGDs) with Devadasi FSWs (N = 17), as well as four FGDs (N = 34) and 30 in-depth interviews with their intimate partners. Given the precarious labour conditions in this region, tensions developed in the participants’ relationships with FSWs, as these men were unable to meet local ideals of manhood. Violence became a way that men attempted to re-secure a sense of control in their relationships with women, and to fulfil fantasies of male power. We recommend that programs engaging men not only address intimate partner violence but also attend to the social and structural realities surrounding these men’s daily lived experiences.
Influence of the Environmental Dark Matter on QSO-Cluster Associations and on Cluster Mass Estimates

The environmental dark matter mass around clusters is investigated by taking into account dark halo-cluster correlations. We find that while the surrounding dark matter significantly increases the lensing amplification factor as compared to that caused by foreground clusters only, the total enhancement factor for background QSOs still remains quite insufficient to explain the observed strong QSO-cluster associations. Effects of the environmental matter on the cluster mass estimates through the inversion of weak-lensing distortions of background galaxies are also studied. For relatively small clusters, the existence of the environmental dark matter would lead to an overestimate of the cluster mass, whereas for large clusters, their mass would be underestimated.
Blowup from randomly switching between stable boundary conditions for the heat equation

We ﬁnd a pair of boundary conditions for the heat equation such that the solution goes to zero for either boundary condition, but if the boundary condition randomly switches, then the average solution grows exponentially in time. Speciﬁcally, we prove that the mean of the random solution grows exponentially under certain mild assumptions, and we use formal asymptotic methods to argue that the random solution grows exponentially almost surely. To our knowledge, this could be the ﬁrst PDE example showing that randomly switching between two globally asymptotically stable systems can produce a blowup. We devise several methods to analyze this random PDE. First, we use the method of lines to approximate the switching PDE by a large number of switching ODEs and then apply recent results to determine if they grow or decay in the limit of fast switching. We then use perturbation theory to obtain more detailed information on the switching PDE in this fast switching limit. To understand the case of ﬁnite switching rates, we characterize the parameter regimes in which the ﬁrst and second moments of the random PDE grow or decay. This moment analysis reveals rich dynamical behavior, including a region of parameter space in which the mean of the random PDE oscillates with ever increasing amplitude for slow switching rates, grows exponentially for fast switching rates, but decays to zero for intermediate switching rates. We also highlight cases in which the second moment is necessary to understand the switching system’s qualitative behavior, rather than just the mean. Finally, we give a PDE example in which randomly switching between two unstable systems produces a stable system. All of our analysis is accompanied by numerical simulation.
Characterizing Situations of Dock Overload in Bicycle Sharing Stations

Bicycle sharing systems are becoming increasingly popular in cities around the world as they are an inexpensive and sustainable means of transportation. Promoting the use of these systems substantially improves the quality of life in cities by reducing pollutant emissions and traffic congestion. In these systems, bikes are made available for shared use to individuals on a short-term basis. They allow people to borrow a bike in one dock and return it to any other station with free docks belonging to the same system. The occupancy level of the stations can be constantly monitored. However, to achieve a satisfactory user experience, all the stations in the system must be neither overloaded nor empty when the user needs to access the station. The aim of this paper is to analyze occupancy level data acquired from real systems to determine situations of dock overload in multiple stations which could lead to service disruption. The proposed methodology relies on a pattern mining approach. A new pattern type called Occupancy Monitoring Pattern is proposed here to detect situations of dock overload in multiple stations. Since stations are geo-referenced and their occupancy levels are periodically monitored, occupancy patterns can be filtered and evaluated by taking into consideration both the spatial and temporal correlation of the acquired measurements. The results achieved on real data highlight the potential of the proposed methodology in supporting domain experts in their maintenance activities, such as periodic re-balancing of the occupancy levels of the stations, as well as in improving user experience by suggesting alternative stations in the nearby area.
Study the Total Flavonoid, Reductive Ability and Cytotoxic Effects of Lantanacamaraethanolic Extract on Prostate and Breast Cancer Cell Line

Lantana camara from the latin lento means to bend. Probably derives from the ancient Latin name of the genus viburnum. Total flavonoids of this plant extract was 141.3±0.003g/ml and the reductive ability of this plant was concentration dependent 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 (0.154 ± 0.022, 0.300 ± 0.004 and 0.407 ± 0.012) respectively in comparison with trolox. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of lantana camara against prostate and breast cell line, the result reveals that L. camara was more cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer (PC3)in comparison with breast cancer (MCF7) cell line and results were also concentrations dependents.
Budget Constraints , Market Opportunities and Off-Budget Financing of Local Governments in China

High uncertainty in tax-based revenue sources in developing countries is often considered a key factor behind local fiscal deficits. Concerns often arise about whether local officials can use their administrative discretion in public asset management to obtain off-budget revenue to help relieve fiscal stress. This paper studies how budget constraints and market opportunities affect off-budget financing using local public assets in the context of China. Land is one of the most valuable public assets within local jurisdictions in China and local officials have the flexibility and discretion in acquiring, developing and selling land for commercial and residential use. Using local fiscal and land-sale data of 35 Chinese cities between 2003 and 2015, this study estimates a supply and demand model that captures both the determinants and market outcomes of a city’s decision to sell land-use rights to real estate developers. The results demonstrate the important effect of local fiscal conditions and a booming real estate market on the use of land sales as a financing tool. A 10% increase in fiscal deficits leads to approximately a 13% increase in land sales and the effect of a 10% increase in real estate prices is an 8.2% increase in land sales. Keyword: Economic development, Local government deficit, land sales, real estate price JEL Code: O18, H71, R28 * Dept. of Health, Policy and Management, Columbia University. 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. Tel: 212342-0490. E-mail: gd2243@columbia.edu † School of Economics and Finance, University of Hong Kong. E-mail: wangzg@hku.hk We thank Loren Brandt, Ljubica Djordjevic, Michael Funke, Iftekhar Hasan, Fred YK Kwan, Chun-Yu Ho, Takashi Matsuki, Paul McNelis, Pedro Pinto, Kjetil Storesletten, Rongrong Sun, Dragon Tang, Kunyu Tao, Wei Xiong, Eleanor Xu, Yushi Yoshida, Jeffrey Zax, Bo Zhao, and participants at the Association for Budgeting & Financial Management (ABFM) Annual Research Conference (University of Seattle), Conference on China’s Financial Markets and Growth Rebalancing (Fordham University), Conference on Deepening Economic Reforms (Peking University & Stockholm School of Economics), Conference on Finance and Economic Growth in the Aftermath of the Crisis (University of Milan), Conference on Risk in Economics and Society (Shiga University), and National Tax Association Annual Conference (Boston) for helpful comments.
Defining prediabetes in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective: The article will review the associations between Prediabetes (PD) and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and present factors that decrease the progression of PD into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin will also be examined for its role in ovulation induction, pregnancy and ameliorating the metabolic syndrome. Study Design: Medline search. Methods of study: Keyword search: Prediabetes (PD), Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Metformin, Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Results: As the most common endocrinopathy during the reproductive years, PCOS has a genetic multifactorial inheritance and is associated with a high risk of insulin resistance. The use of metformin has shown mixed results in this patient population as a therapy to improve ovulation function and the metabolic syndrome and showed no definitive reduction in the rate of miscarriage. PCOS patients are significantly predisposed to PD and T2DM. Conclusion: Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and physical activity reduce the progression of PD into T2DM in PCOS patients. The new AACE and ADA guidelines establish simplified methods of screening and treating PD. The role of metformin remains undefined in the infertile PCOS patient.
Gene-Environment Interactions: The Case of Asbestosis

It is becoming evident that both environmental/lifestyle and genetic factors may influence the development of many diseases. This chapter highlights the importance of considering gene-environment interactions, which is shown on the example of our studies into asbestosis, one of the most frequent asbestos-related diseases. Asbestos fibres induce generation of reactive oxygen and nitric species (ROS and RNS), and it is generally accepted that ROS and RNS are involved in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related diseases. Human tissues contain specific enzymes that metabolise ROS and RNS, such as superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). As these enzymes are encoded by polymorphic genes, genetic variability in an individual’s capacity to detoxify these reactive species may modify the risk for disease. Our previous studies into asbestosis showed that the associations between the risk of asbestosis and MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism and between asbestosis and iNOS genotypes were modified by CAT −262C>T polymorphism. A strong interaction was also found between smoking (lifestyle factor) and GSTM1 -null polymorphism, between smoking and iNOS (CCTTT) n polymorphism and between cumulative asbestos exposure (environmental factor) and iNOS (CCTTT) n polymorphism. The findings of our studies and other studies indicate that in addition to environmental and/or occupational exposure to different hazards and lifestyle factors, genetic factors as well as the interactions between different genotypes, between genotypes and lifestyle factors and between genotypes and environmental/occupational exposure to hazards may also have an important role on the development of diseases and should be further investigated. lines and opacities, parenchymal bands, ground-glass opacities and, in more severe disease, variable honeycombing [27].
Surface modification-a novel way of attaching cocatalysts on CdS semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Noble metals as cocatalysts for hydrogen evolution are widely investigated for semiconductor photocatalytic water splitting. In this paper, we present a novel way to attach not only noble metals, but also transitional metals onto CdS nanocrystals as cocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. The hydrogen evolution performances for each metal were compared and result shows that Pd attached CdS gives the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 250 μmol/h. The amounts of metal ions attached on the surface were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). This work confirms that surface modification is a promising way of attaching cocatalysts onto semiconductor photocatalysts.
What Does It Mean to Be in Touch With Oneself? Testing a Social Character Model of Self-congruence

What does it mean to be in or out of touch with oneself? Using undergraduate samples we tested a new conception and measure of self-congruence, based on the social character that people inhabit in their interpersonal lives. The measure quantifies whether the Big Five traits of a person's typical social character are consistent with the traits of his/her unguarded self. Study 1 (N = 135) showed that the non-discrepant character measure predicted subjective well-being (SWB), independently of the traits (i.e., low neuroticism, high extraversion) comprising the measure. The association with SWB was also independent of Goldman and Kernis's (2002) Likert-based measure of authenticity. Study 2 (N = 170) replicated these effects and also showed that the new measure was associated with self-concept differentiation (SCD; Donahue, Robins, Roberts, & John, 1993) and, in fact, accounted for SCD's effects. Study 2 demonstrated that psychological need-satisfaction mediated the link between having a non-discrepant social character and SWB.
Groundwater flushing of solutes at wetland and hillslope positions during storm events in a small glaciated catchment in western New York, USA

While the role of groundwater in flushing of solutes has long been recognized, few studies have explicitly studied the within‐event changes in groundwater chemistry. We compared the changes in groundwater chemistry during storm events for a wetland and hillslope position in a small (1·5 ha) glaciated, forested catchment in western New York. Flushing responses for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), nitrate (NO3) and sulfate (SO4) in wetland and hillslope groundwaters were also compared against the corresponding responses in stream water. Eight storm events with varying intensity, amount, and antecedent moisture conditions were evaluated. Solute flushing patterns for wetland and hillslope groundwaters differed dramatically. While DOC concentrations in wetland groundwater followed a dilution trend, corresponding values for hillslope groundwater showed a slight increase. Concentrations for NO3 in wetland groundwater were below detection limits, but hillslope groundwaters displayed high NO3 concentrations with a pronounced increase during storm events. Flushing responses at all positions were also influenced by the size of the event and the time between events. We attributed the differences in flushing to the differences in hydrologic flow paths and biogeochemical conditions. Flushing of the wetland did appear to influence storm‐event stream chemistry but the same could not be said for hillslope groundwaters. This suggests that while a variety of flushing responses may be observed in a catchment, only a subset of these responses affect the discharge chemistry at the catchment outlet. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photonic integration enabling new multiplexing concepts in optical board-to-board and rack-to-rack interconnects

New broadband applications are causing the datacenters to proliferate, raising the bar for higher interconnection speeds. So far, optical board-to-board and rack-to-rack interconnects relied primarily on low-cost commodity optical components assembled in a single package. Although this concept proved successful in the first generations of opticalinterconnect modules, scalability is a daunting issue as signaling rates extend beyond 25 Gb/s. In this paper we present our work towards the development of two technology platforms for migration beyond Infiniband enhanced data rate (EDR), introducing new concepts in board-to-board and rack-to-rack interconnects. The first platform is developed in the framework of MIRAGE European project and relies on proven VCSEL technology, exploiting the inherent cost, yield, reliability and power consumption advantages of VCSELs. Wavelength multiplexing, PAM-4 modulation and multi-core fiber (MCF) multiplexing are introduced by combining VCSELs with integrated Si and glass photonics as well as BiCMOS electronics. An in-plane MCF-to-SOI interface is demonstrated, allowing coupling from the MCF cores to 340x400 nm Si waveguides. Development of a low-power VCSEL driver with integrated feed-forward equalizer is reported, allowing PAM-4 modulation of a bandwidth-limited VCSEL beyond 25 Gbaud. The second platform, developed within the frames of the European project PHOXTROT, considers the use of modulation formats of increased complexity in the context of optical interconnects. Powered by the evolution of DSP technology and towards an integration path between inter and intra datacenter traffic, this platform investigates optical interconnection system concepts capable to support 16QAM 40GBd data traffic, exploiting the advancements of silicon and polymer technologies.
Interaction between Stock Prices and Exchange Rate in Emerging Market Economies

In this study we apply a series of non-causality tests to determine the direction of the relationship between stock price indices and exchange rates in emerging market economies. The data set includes monthly observations for the 21 countries included in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index between January 2003 and June 2013. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant causal interaction between the two variables in 13 of the 21 countries we study. The direction of the causality varies from country to country and is subject to the joint effect of multiple factors depending on the particulars of the economy in question.
Top quark physics: Future measurements

The authors discuss the study of the top quark at future experiments and machines. Top`s large mass makes it a unique probe of physics at the natural electroweak scale. They emphasize measurements of the top quark`s mass, width, and couplings, as well as searches for rare or nonstandard decays, and discuss the complementary roles played by hadron and lepton colliders.
MARKETING SERVICES INTERNATIONALLY – A RICH TOPIC FOR MUCH NEEDED RESEARCH

However the specialist services marketing literature concentrates on marketing in domestic markets, not in international markets. As long ago as 1999, the Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 13, no. 4/5, reviewed the literature from 1980-1998 on marketing services internationally. It concluded that the literature is fragmentary with little attempt to develop theory, conceptualisation and constructs for marketing services internationally. Despite continued calls for research, conceptual models or frameworks, the global marketing of services remains under researched. [Javalgi & White, 2002; Fisk, Grove & John, 2004; Javalgi, Martin & Todd, 2004].
Management Administrative Provisions for Teacher Mentoring in Public Secondary Schools in Imo State, Nigeria

The study investigated the administrative provisions for teacher mentoring in Public secondary schools in Imo State. The descriptive survey design was adopted by the study. One research question guided the study and one hypothesis was tested. The population of the study consisted of all the Public Secondary Schools in Imo State. The respondents were all the 283 principals and 10,378 teachers, giving a total of 10,661 respondents. The sample size of the respondents was 400; 72 principals and 328 teachers. The instrument for the study was a researcher structured questionnaire which was validated by two experts in the field, the internal consistency was established using Cronbach Alpha method which yielded a reliable index of 0.71. Mean, standard deviation and rank order were used to answer the research question while z-test was used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that administrative provisions for teacher mentoring are grossly inadequate. For instance, the less experienced teachers are not formally assigned to the more experienced ones, problem solving lectures are not organized to help the less experienced ones in difficulty. However, workshops and seminars are organized as a platform for interaction between the more experienced teachers and the less experienced. Based on these findings, the study recommended that there should be adequate policy provisions both by the Ministry of Education and the individual schools to guide teacher mentoring. Also, there should be administrative provision of frameworks by every school to facilitate teacher mentoring.
Preliminary study on the concentration of some heavy metals around a proposed cement factory in Kogi State Nigeria

The analysis of soils from a cement mine site and the surrounding farmland for Ni, Pb, Co and Cd at different depths show concentrations that are generally below the maximum acceptable limits for land applications. Observed mean concentrations at the mine site are 0.3367 mg/kg, 0.1982 mg/kg and 0.1100 mg/kg for Ni, Pb and Co respectively. Cd was not detected. The observed mean concentrations in the surrounding farmland are 0.3800 mg/kg, 0.1705 mg/kg, 0.1143 mg/kg and 0.0064 mg/kg for Ni, Pb, Co and Cd respectively. Thus the mine site land was not suspected to contributing to the heavy metal content in the agricultural land. The results obtained could act as a benchmark for future determinations on same study area when mining activities eventually commences. © 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords : FAAS, Heavy metals, cement, mine soil, agricultural land.
Chemical Analysis of Densification, Drying, and Heat Treatment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) through a Hot-Pressing Process

This study investigated a new potential hot-pressing method for wood modification, in which densification, drying, and heat-treatment were carried out in sequence. The effects of heat treatment on the chemical components of wood were evaluated. The specimens were treated at different temperatures (180 to 220 °C) for 2 to 5 h. Holocellulose, α-cellulose, and lignin were extracted from the treated and untreated milled wood. The changes in these components were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Due to its amorphous structure, most hemicelluloses were degraded when it was exposed to 220 °C for 3 h and to 200 °C for 5 h. Conversely, the lignin contents increased continuously throughout the treatment due to the loss of polysaccharides and the formation of cross-links. Because of the crystallinity, α-cellulose degradation was slight. According to the analysis of functional groups, FTIR showed treated wood was more hydrophobic than the untreated one.