Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estudio de los valores de 8-oxo-7,8-dihidro-2’-desoxiguanosina como marcador de estrés oxidativo del ADN en pacientes con hiperlipemia familiar combinada

Fundamento y objetivo: Comparar los valores de 8-oxo-7,8-dihidro-2'-desoxiguanosina (8-oxo-dG) como marcador de estres oxidativo entre personas sanas y pacientes con hiperlipemia familiar combinada (HFC), modelo de dislipemia mixta con resistencia a la insulina y cardiopatia isquemica precoz, y estudiar su relacion con parametros clinicobiologicos de resistencia a la insulina. Sujetos y metodo: Se ha analizado a 40 pacientes (15 mujeres) no relacionados entre si y diagnosticados de HFC y a 20 sujetos sanos (8 mujeres) normolipemicos y no diabeticos. Se recogieron de forma estandarizada parametros clinicos, antropometricos y bioquimicos: perfil lipidico, glucemia e insulinemia basales y determinacion de 8-oxo-dG. Resultados: Ambos grupos tenian similar edad, indice de masa corporal, cifras de presion arterial y perimetro de cintura. Los valores de insulina y de 8-oxo-dG fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes con HFC, diferencias que se mantuvieron al corregir por el perimetro de la cintura. Se encontro una relacion significativa positiva de 8-oxo-dG con insulina y trigliceridos, y negativa con el colesterol unido a lipoproteinas de alta densidad en los pacientes con HFC. Conclusiones: Los valores de insulina se relacionaron de forma independiente con el grado de estres oxidativo medido como 8-oxo-dG.
Normal saline instillation with suctioning and its effect on oxygen saturation, heart rate, and cardiac rhythm

Background Although the researches indicated disadvantages of using normal saline (NS) before suctioning, it still used by nurses in many Iranian critical care units. Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NS instillation on multiple trauma patients' oxygen saturation, heart rate and cardiac rhythm. Setting and design A cross-over design was used to allow sample to be as their own control. This study was approved by Kerman Medical University. Methodology 50 multiple trauma patients who were admitted in intensive care unit and mechanically ventilated for at least 24 hours were randomly assigned to suctioning with or without NS. Surveyed parameters were measured and recorded at intervals of 1, 2, and 5 minute before and after suctioning by standard monitoring apparatus. EKG tapes recorded initiate 5 second before suctioning and continue during suctioning approximately 20 second. Statistical Anlysis A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that the data were sampled from a population with normal distribution. The comparison between the two groups in three measured factors was done using a descriptive analysis, and independent ttest, and cross table with chi-square test. Results Oxygen saturation in both groups was changed. In group 2(with NS), there was a decrease in oxygen saturation, whereas in another group, except at interval of 1 minute, there was an increase in oxygen saturation. This difference was statistically significant. In both groups, heart rate was increased after suctioning at three intervals. In both group there was not found dangerous arrhythmia . Conclusion This study suggests that instillation of NS before suctioning can cause adverse effect on oxygen saturation but has no effect on heart rate and cardiac rhythm. It seems that Iranian nurses believed that using NS have positive effects on suctioning. Such an attitude could be changed by some educational programs by which nurses can improve their knowledge about disadvantages of using NS with suctioning; and become aware of the strategies they can use to qualify suctioning.
Staphylococcal alpha‐phenol soluble modulins contribute to neutrophil lysis after phagocytosis

Staphylococcus aureus community‐acquired (CA) MRSA strains are highly virulent and can cause infections in otherwise healthy individuals. The most important mechanism of the host for clearing S. aureus is phagocytosis by neutrophils and subsequent killing of the pathogen. Especially CA‐MRSA strains are very efficient in circumventing this neutrophil killing. Interestingly, only a relative small number of virulence factors have been associated with CA‐MRSA, one of which are the phenol soluble modulins (PSMs). We have recently shown that the PSMs are functionally inhibited by serum lipoproteins, indicating that PSMs may exert their cytolytic function primarily in the intracellular environment. To further investigate the intracellular role of the PSMs we measured the effect of the α‐type and β‐type PSMs on neutrophil killing after phagocytosis. Using fluorescently labelled S. aureus, we measured bacterial survival after phagocytosis in a plate reader, which was employed next to flow cytometry and time‐lapse microscopy. Phagocytosis of the CA‐MRSA strain MW2 by human neutrophils resulted in rapid host cell death. Using mutant strains of MW2, we demonstrated that in the presence of serum, the intracellular expression of only the psmα operon is both necessary and sufficient for both increasedneutrophil cell death and increased survival of S. aureus. Our results identify PSMα peptides as prominent contributors to killing of neutrophils after phagocytosis, a finding with major implications for our understanding of S. aureus pathogenesis and strategies for S. aureus vaccine development.
Radiographic assessment of external root resorption associated with jackscrew-based maxillary expansion therapies: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in adolescents and young adults if jackscrew-based maxillary expansion therapies result in external root resorption as measured in vivo via any radiological method. METHODS The authors conducted a systematic search of several electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, LILACS) with the assistance of a senior librarian specialized in Health Sciences database searches through 25 August 2013, as well as a limited grey-literature search (Google Scholar). Human, in vivo studies of adolescents or young adults with transverse maxillary deficiency undergoing non-surgical maxillary expansion therapy through the use of a jackscrew-based maxillary expander with a radiographical assessment of root resorption were selected for full article review. Additionally, manual searches of reference lists of relevant articles were completed to identify additional publications not identified by electronic searches. The lowest levels of evidence accepted for inclusion were case-control studies or consecutively treated series of cases. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted data from selected studies. RESULTS A total of 83 original articles were identified from the electronic database and limited grey-literature searches. Once selection criteria were applied, only three articles satisfied all inclusion criteria, and individual analysis of the selected articles was undertaken. CONCLUSIONS Two-dimensional periapical radiographs do not fully reveal the amount of external root resorption associated with maxillary expansion therapy, except for frank apical root resorption. Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography radiography displays statistically significant root volume loss associated with maxillary expansion therapy. However, when considering volume-loss percentages, no statistical significance was found.
The chlamydial OTU domain‐containing protein ChlaOTU is an early type III secretion effector targeting ubiquitin and NDP52

Chlamydia are obligate intracellular pathogens. Upon contact with the host, they use type III secretion to deliver proteins into the cell, thereby triggering actin‐dependent entry and establishing the infection. We observed that Chlamydia caviae elicited a local and transient accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins at the entry sites, which disappeared within 20 min. We investigated the mechanism for the rapid clearance of ubiquitin. We showed that the OTU‐like domain containing protein CCA00261, predicted to have deubiquitinase activity, was detected in infectious particles and was a type III secretion effector. This protein is present in several Chlamydia strains, including the human pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae, and we further designate it as ChlaOTU. We demonstrated that ChlaOTU bound ubiquitin and NDP52, and we mapped these interactions to distinct domains. NDP52 was recruited to Chlamydia entry sites and was dispensable for infection and for bacterial growth. ChlaOTU functioned as a deubiquitinase in vitro. Heterologousexpression of ChlaOTU reduced ubiquitin accumulation at the entry sites, while a catalytic mutant of the deubiquitinase activity had the opposite effect. Altogether, we have identified a novel secreted protein of chlamydiae. ChlaOTU targets both ubiquitin and NDP52 and likely participates in the clearance of ubiquitin at the invasion sites.
Origen y desarrollo de linfocitos b1 una población celular involucrada en defensa y autoinmunidad

B1 lymphocytes are an anatomically, phenotypically, and functionally distinct subset of B cells producing the bulk of natural serum IgM in the absence of any apparent stimulation by specific antigens. These cells are a dominant population of B cells in peritoneal and pleural cavities and they have characteristics of activated cells and higher cell size and cytoplasmic complexity than conventional B cells. B1 cells spontaneously secrete antibodies and operate under a differentiation program that is unique and differs from the paradigm associated with Ig-secreting B-2 cells. The antibodies produced by B1 cells may participate in a variety of physiological activities since they are involve in immune regulation, clearance of senescent and apoptotic cells and resistance to infection. However, it has been suggested that they are also involved in autoimmunity. Many advances have been made to describe the origin, development and differentiation of B1 cells, which will be examined here.
Five-year postretention outcomes of three retention methods--a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE Comparison of three different retention strategies 5 years or more postretention. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, prospective, single-centre controlled trial. Forty-nine patients (33 girls and 16 boys) were randomly assigned to one of three retention methods during 2 years by picking a ballot shortly before start of retention treatment. Inclusion criteria were no previous orthodontics, permanent dentition, normal skeletal sagittal, vertical, and transversal relationships, Class I dental relationship, space deficiencies, treatment plan with extractions of four premolars followed by fixed straight-wire appliance. Maxillary and mandibular Little's irregularity index (LII), intercanine and intermolar width, arch length, and overbite/overjet were recorded in a blinded manner, altogether 10 measurements on each patient. Significant differences in means within groups assessed by t-test and between groups by one-way analysis of variance. INTERVENTIONS Retention methods: removable vacuum-formed retainer (VFR) covering the palate and the maxillary anterior teeth from canine-to-canine and bonded canine-to-canine retainer in the lower arch (group V-CTC); maxillary VFR combined with stripping of the lower anterior teeth (group V-S); and prefabricated positioner (group P). RESULTS Maxillary mean LII ranged from 1.8 to 2.6mm, mean intercanine width 33.6-35.3mm with a significant difference between groups V-S and P, mean intermolar width 46.8-47.4mm and mean arch length 21.8-22.8mm. Mandibular mean LII ranged from 2.0 to 3.4mm with a significant difference between groups V-S and P, mean intercanine width from 25.4 to 26.6mm, mean intermolar width from 40.8 to 40.9mm and mean arch length from 16.9 to 17.3mm. Mean overbite ranged from 1.8 to 2.7mm and mean overjet from 3.7 to 4.1mm. LIMITATIONS A single centre study could be less generalizable. CONCLUSIONS The three retention methods disclosed equally favourable clinical results. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was not registered. PROTOCOL The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
Cytoplasmic replication of Staphylococcus aureus upon phagosomal escape triggered by phenol‐soluble modulin α

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram‐positive human pathogen that is readily internalized by professional phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils but also by non‐professional phagocytes such as epithelial or endothelial cells. Intracellular bacteria have been proposed to play a role in evasion of the innate immune system and may also lead to dissemination within migrating phagocytes. Further, S. aureus efficiently lyses host cells with a battery of cytolytic toxins. Recently, phenol‐soluble modulins (PSM) have been identified to comprise a genus‐specific family of cytolytic peptides. Of these the PSMα peptides have been implicated in killing polymorphonuclear leucocytes after phagocytosis. We questioned if the peptides were active in destroying endosomal membranes to avoid lysosomal killing of the pathogen and monitored integrity of infected host cell endosomes by measuring the acidity of the intracellular bacterial microenvironment via flow cytometry and by a reporter recruitment technique. Isogenic mutants of the methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains USA300 LAC, USA400 MW2 as well as the strongly cytolytic methicillin‐sensitive strain 6850 were compared with their respective wild type strains. In all three genetic backgrounds, PSMα mutants were unable to escape from phagosomes in non‐professional (293, HeLa, EAhy.926) and professional phagocytes (THP‐1), whereas mutants in PSMβ and δ‐toxin as well as β‐toxin, phosphatidyl inositol‐dependent phospholipase C and Panton Valentine leucotoxin escaped with efficiencies of the parental strains. S. aureus replicated intracellularly only in presence of a functional PSMα operon thereby illustrating that bacteria grow in the host cell cytoplasm upon phagosomal escape.
Bilateral deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Deep brain stimulation is an accepted treatment for advanced Parkinson disease (PD), although there are few randomized trials comparing treatments, and most studies exclude older patients. OBJECTIVE To compare 6-month outcomes for patients with PD who received deep brain stimulation or best medical therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Randomized controlled trial of patients who received either deep brain stimulation or best medical therapy, stratified by study site and patient age (< 70 years vs > or = 70 years) at 7 Veterans Affairs and 6 university hospitals between May 2002 and October 2005. A total of 255 patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage > or = 2 while not taking medications) were enrolled; 25% were aged 70 years or older. The final 6-month follow-up visit occurred in May 2006. INTERVENTION Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (n = 60) or globus pallidus (n = 61). Patients receiving best medical therapy (n = 134) were actively managed by movement disorder neurologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was time spent in the "on" state (good motor control with unimpeded motor function) without troubling dyskinesia, using motor diaries. Other outcomes included motor function, quality of life, neurocognitive function, and adverse events. RESULTS Patients who received deep brain stimulation gained a mean of 4.6 h/d of on time without troubling dyskinesia compared with 0 h/d for patients who received best medical therapy (between group mean difference, 4.5 h/d [95% CI, 3.7-5.4 h/d]; P < .001). Motor function improved significantly (P < .001) with deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy, such that 71% of deep brain stimulation patients and 32% of best medical therapy patients experienced clinically meaningful motor function improvements (> or = 5 points). Compared with the best medical therapy group, the deep brain stimulation group experienced significant improvements in the summary measure of quality of life and on 7 of 8 PD quality-of-life scores (P < .001). Neurocognitive testing revealed small decrements in some areas of information processing for patients receiving deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy. At least 1 serious adverse event occurred in 49 deep brain stimulation patients and 15 best medical therapy patients (P < .001), including 39 adverse events related to the surgical procedure and 1 death secondary to cerebral hemorrhage. CONCLUSION In this randomized controlled trial of patients with advanced PD, deep brain stimulation was more effective than best medical therapy in improving on time without troubling dyskinesias, motor function, and quality of life at 6 months, but was associated with an increased risk of serious adverse events. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00056563.
Calcium dynamics of Plasmodium berghei sporozoite motility

Calcium is a key signalling molecule in apicomplexan parasites and plays an important role in diverse processes including gliding motility. Gliding is essential for the malaria parasite to migrate from the skin to the liver as well as to invade host tissues and cells. Here we investigated the dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ in the motility of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites by live imaging and flow cytometry. We found that cytosolic levels of Ca2+ increase when sporozoites are activated in suspension, which is sufficient to induce the secretion of integrin‐like adhesins that are essential for gliding motility. By increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels artificially with an ionophore, these adhesins are secreted onto the sporozoite surface, however, the parasite is not capable of gliding. A second level of Ca2+ modulation was observed during attachment to and detachment from a solid substrate, leading to a further increase or a decrease in the cytoplasmic levels of Ca2+ respectively. We also observed oscillations in the intracellular Ca2+ level during gliding. Finally, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC), and an inhibitor of the inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptor blocked the rise in intracellular Ca2+, adhesin secretion, and motility of activated sporozoites, indicating that intracellular stores supply Ca2+ during sporozoite gliding. Our study indicates that a rise in intracellular Ca2+ is necessary but not sufficient to activate gliding, that Ca2+ levels are modulated in several ways during motility, and that a PI‐PLC/IP3 pathway regulates Ca2+ release during the process of sporozoite locomotion.
Targeting eukaryotic Rab proteins: a smart strategy for chlamydial survival and replication

Chlamydia, an obligate intracellular bacterium which passes its entire lifecycle within a membrane‐bound vacuole called the inclusion, has evolved a variety of unique strategies to establish an advantageous intracellular niche for survival. This review highlights the mechanisms by which Chlamydia subverts vesicular transport in host cells, particularly by hijacking the master controllers of eukaryotic trafficking, the Rab proteins. A subset of Rabs and Rab interacting proteins that control the recycling pathway or the biosynthetic route are selectively recruited to the chlamydial inclusion membrane. By interfering with Rab‐controlled transport steps, this intracellular pathogen not only prevents its own degradation in the phagocytic pathway, but also creates a favourable intracellular environment for growth and replication. Chlamydia, a highly adapted and successful intracellular pathogen, has several redundant strategies to re‐direct vesicles emerging from biosynthetic compartments that carry host molecules essential for bacterial development. Although current knowledge is limited, the latest findings have shed light on the role of Rab proteins in the course of chlamydial infections and could open novel opportunities for anti‐chlamydial therapy.
Development of hepatitis B vaccine.

A highly purified and inactivated vaccine was made of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. The vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in chimpanzees and marmosets. It was highly potent and induced antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees after three doses of vaccine were given subcutaneously. Chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine were protected against challenge with 1000 chimpanzee-infectious doses of live human hepatitis B virus given intravenously in controlled studies. Tests of the vaccine for control of hepatitis B in man are to be carried out.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
Internetabhängigkeit, Suizidalität und selbstverletzendes Verhalten – Ein systematisches Review

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Internetabhängigkeit (IA) geht mit einem hohen Maß an komorbiden psychischen Störungen, insbesondere Depressionen, Angststörungen, ADHS und Persönlichkeitsstörungen und einem erheblichen Leidensdruck einher. Im Hinblick auf das hieraus resultierende Gefahrenpotenzial untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die aktuelle Forschungsliteratur bezüglich Suizidalität und nicht suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten (NSSV) bei IA. Methoden In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden klinische und nicht-klinische Studien in 14 Datenbanken auf der Titel- Abstract-Ebene nach den häufigsten Schlagworten für IA, NSSV und Suizidalität durchsucht. Die nach Abzug der mehrfach vorhandenen Publikationen verbliebenen 2334 Artikel wurden nach definierten Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien gefiltert. Insgesamt konnten 15 Studien, die IA, NSSV und Suizidalität mittels validierter psychometrischer Instrumente erheben, in das Review eingeschlossen werden. Ergebnisse Der Zusammenhang zwischen IA und Suizidalität wurde in 10 Studien untersucht, 4 Studien untersuchten den Zusammenhang von IA, Suizidalität und NSSV, eine Studie ausschließlich den Zusammenhang von IA und NSSV. Sämtliche Studien zeigten höhere Prävalenzen für NSSV beziehungsweise Suizidalität der Probanden mit einer IA im Vergleich zu Probanden ohne IA, wobei die Punkt-Prävalenzraten für Suizidalität mit 1,6–18,7% erheblich variierten. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse der eingeschlossenen Publikationen legen nahe, dass Internetabhängigkeit mit einer erhöhten Rate an nicht-suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten und mit einer erhöhten Suizidalität einhergeht, wobei sich für Suizidgedanken ein deutlicherer Zusammenhang abbildet als für tatsächliche suizidale Handlungen. Um ein besseres Verständnis insbesondere kausaler Zusammenhänge zwischen IA, NSSV und Suizidalität zu entwickeln, bedarf es weiterer, möglichst longitudinaler Studien. Fazit für die Praxis Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Studienlage ist es ratsam, bei Internetabhängigen routinemäßig auch eine differenzierte Anamnese bezüglich NSSV sowie suizidalen Gedanken und Impulsen durchzuführen.