Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Leadership and Culture in Iran: An Empirical Study

On analyse dans cet article les caracteristiques du leadership efficace en Iran, puis on envisage les liens possibles entre ce profil de leadership et les dimensions culturelles du pays. A partir des donnees fournies par 300 managers provenant de plus de 60 organisations relevant de trois secteurs industriels, on commence par utiliser les dimensions du projet GLOBE pour evaluer la culture iranienne dont les scores sont compares a ceux d’autres pays. S’appuyant a la fois sur l’emic et l’etic du leadership, les auteurs developpent sept dimensions du leadership: encourageant, dictatorial, visionnaire, familial, modeste, loyal et receptif. Ils soutiennent que certaines de ces dimensions traduisent les aspects universels (ou etic) du leadership (encourageant, dictatorial), alors que d’autres procedent de l’emic, c’est-a-dire de la specificite culturelle du leadership (modeste, familial, loyal). Les resultats sont discutes en terme de positionnement de la culture iranienne entre des entrelacements fondamentaux et des traditions culturelles complexes. On aborde enfin la question des retombees sur les recherches a venir.
Influence of microphytobenthos on the nutrient flux between sediment and water- a laboratory study

The importance of microphytobenthos as a regulator of the flux of inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen between sediment and water was investigated in a laboratory study. Sediment from the SE Kattegat was incubated in nutrient-enriched seawater during exposure to varying light quantities (0, 5, 10, and 30 pE m-' S' ) . Microphytobenthos growth was limited by both inorganic nutrients and light quantity. When exposed to no-light conditions, chlorophyll a content of the sediment decreased only slightly and remained at an almost constant level (50 to 55 mg m-2) for several weeks, and increased rapidly when exposed to light. A relationship was observed between light quantity and the rate and direction of the flux of NH: and PO:-, but not NO;, between the sediment and overlying water The indirect influence of the microphytobenthos on the nutrient flux, i.e. by changes in the oxygen concentration, seemed more important than the direct effect by uptake by the algae. The rate of release of phosphate from the sediment exposed to darkness was up to 0.2 mm01 PO4 m-2 d-l The maximum mean rate of ammonia release was 1.6 mm01 m-' d-' in the dark and ca 0.1 mm01 m-2 d-' at 5 yE S-'. When the amount of light was 3 10 pE m-' S-', the microbenthic activity (oxygen production and increased nutrient requirements) prevented the release of PO4 and NH4 from the sediment.
A novel set of reduced equations to model perfect layer matched (PML) in FDTD

We propose a new set of reduced equations describing the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) boundary condition for the Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) algorithm. These expressions take into account the main properties of the electromagnetic wave propagation in continuos medias: absorbing, free space and conductive, simplifying the solution of electromagnetic problems as such as the FDTD lattice. A two-dimensional (2-D) transversal electric TE mode Gaussian pulse propagating along free-space is presented as a vehicle of study. The efficiency of this model is validated by a new way to compute the power reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic field arriving at the PML interface at several points. Also a detailed description of the rounding up process to obtain integer values for FDTD equations indexes is discussed.
The Effects of Gesture-based Learning with Virtual Reality on Counting Ability for Children with Cerebral Palsy

This study investigated the effects of gesture-based learning with virtual reality (GBLVR) on the counting ability of three children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Those elected were the children who had difficulty with counting skills in the classroom. By attending GBLVR math courses, children with CP learned counting numbers from 1 to 10 intuitively by moving their body and interacting with the design made for them. The single-subject experimental design within the multiple probe design across subjects was used to evaluate the effects. Virtual Reality Gesture-based Learning was the independent variable; the score from the Counting Ability was the dependent variable. The results of this study show an instant effect, a maintenance effect, and a generalization effect of the score of Counting Ability were found.
Screening of polyherbal formulation for its potential anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity

Polyherbal formulation was prepared based on the ideal tree concept. Phytochemical screening was performed according to the standard methods. Acute toxicity was performed according to OECD guidelines, using 2000 mg/ kg BW as a limit dose. Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was determined in Triton X-100 induced (100 mg/kg) hyperlipidemic albino wistar rats and compared against simvastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o,) as a standard . On 21 st day serum lipid levels were estimated by using respective diagnostic kits. Results are expressed as mean ± SD and subjected to One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test and values P 200, indicating the safety profile of the polyherbal formulation. This is the first study which investigates the anti-hyperlipidemic effect at a low dose level of 50 mg/kg BW.
Effects of Different Types of Educational Tracking on Achievement and Achievement Variance

Despite their stated intention of providing equal educational opportunity for all, many democratic countries separate their students into different classes or even different schools based on their demonstrated academic ability and likely future career. This practice is often referred to as “tracking or “ability grouping. ” This study aims to determine whether different types of educational tracking have different effects on students’ academic achievement. Specifically, this study investigates whether disparities in educational achievement between students of highly educated versus minimally educated parents are greater in countries that practice more explicit and complete forms of tracking. It also explores tracking’s effects on average achievement and overall achievement variance. Analysis of data from the 2009 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) indicates that tracking generally does increase score disparities between children from different educational backgrounds. Tracking is also associated with higher overall variance of scores. At the same time, tracking may have a slight positive effect on average achievement. However, results are not consistent across all countries, and patterns are different in different subject areas and for different types of tracking. The results of this study neither condemn nor extol tracking. Rather, they indicate that tracking plays a relatively minor role in determining the quality and equity of an education system.
Pensions and Retirement Incentives. A Tale of Three Countries: Italy, Spain and the USA

This paper looks at the relationship between the institutional design of the social security system and retirement from the labour force in three countries: Italy, Spain and the USA. Our works stresses the importance of dynamic incentives embedded in social security systems throughout the world and makes use of these three countries as an example. In fact they provide enough variability in their welfare programs that can be exploited to explain differences in retirement behavior. We show that social security rules are very important for individual's decisions to retire at a given age and that policy changes aimed at achieving age-neutrality of social security systems have a crucial role in shaping welfare.
Comparative Study on the Rearing Performance of Muga Silkworm under Indoor and Outdoor Rearing Conditions

Muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer, generally reared outdoor on standing host trees for which it is always under pressure of vagaries of weather conditions causing substantial loss. Attempts were made to rear the silkworm under indoor conditions during different seasons. In first attempt, the worms were reared from brushing till spinning and in second, worms were first reared under indoor conditions up to 2nd in star and then transferred to outdoor condition. Rearing performance, larval and cocoon parameters were compared with complete indoor and outdoor conditions.
Analysis of the Correlation between Macro-economy and Stock Market Volatility Employed by Time-varying Copula and ICA

This paper aims to estimate the dependence between macro-economy and stock market volatility. Firstly, we employ independent component analysis (ICA) to excavate the independent driven factors of the macro-economy and name all the independent components. Secondly, we assume that all margins are submitted to skewed t distribution, and then make use of AR(1)-GJR(1,1)-Skewed t model to fit monthly time series data. Moreover, time-varying normal copula and time-varying SJC copula are used to fit the dependence between macro-economy and stock market volatility and they all behave well. Results show that import and export factor (IC1) can exert a big impact to stock market and the dependence between them varying rapidly through time. The dependence fluctuates great during the appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. KEYWORD: Macro-economy; Stock market; Time-varying Copula; ICA International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science (ITMS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1334 measurements, or signals. The condition of its application is that at most one signal is submitted to Gaussian distribution in observed signals, but it is not a serious restriction for financial data. There are further promising applications to risk management since ICA focuses on higher-order statistics. We use FastICA algorithm to excavate the inner driven factors of macroeconomic volatility. This algorithm is widely used because of its high convergence speed and good separation effect. The specific steps are as follows: 1) The observed signals should be centralized and whitened to get z(t). 2) Give an initial value to n i w R  i=1,2,. ,n, and give its norm 1. 3) Refresh i w according to { ( )} T i i w E zg w z  ' { ( )} T i i E g w z w  , where g is a nonlinear function. 4) Orthogonalize matrix W: 1/2 ( ) T W WW   W 5) If it does not converge, go back to step 3. 2.2 Mutual Information In Section 3, we will employ mutual information (MI) to name the independent driven factors through ICA. In probability and information theory, the MI of two random variables is a measure of the variables’ mutual dependence. Formally, the MI of two random variables X and Y can be defined as: ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) log ( )p(y) y Y x X p x y I x y p x y p x    (1) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) log ( )p(y) Y X p x y I x y p x y dxdy p x    (2) Equation (1) is in the discrete case, and equation (2) is in the continuous case. Where p(x,y) is the joint distribution (density) function of X and Y, and ( ) p x and p(y) are marginal probability distribution (density) functions of X and Y respectively.
Investigation of NH3 and no adsorption over Cu/SAPO-34 and Cu/AlOo3 catalysts for NH3–SCR system

INVESTIGATION OF NH3 AND NO ADSORPTION OVER Cu/SAPO-34 AND Cu/Al2O3 CATALYSTS FOR NH3–SCR SYSTEM by Basil Rawah In this study, Copper supported on SAPO-34 molecular sieves or alumina is prepared via an incipient wetness impregnation method for ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR). These NH3-SCR catalysts are characterized by pulse chemisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) with three different conditions (NH3, NO, combined NH3-NO) to evaluate the adsorption of ammonia and nitric oxide. Cu/SAPO-34 catalyst has shown higher ammonia adsorption capacity compared to Cu/Al2O3 catalyst. The Cu/SAPO-34 adsorption is enhanced due to the strong acidity and high surface area of SAPO-34 molecular sieves. NO adsorption peaks over both catalysts are small (for NO-TPD) and these peaks become broader when a combined NH3-NO is introduced to the system. However, Cu/SAPO-34 & Cu/Al2O3 surface area and acidity are decreased dramatically comparing to SAPO-34 and Al2O3 supports. These observations are verified by TPR and CO chemisorption. The formation of bulk copper aluminate over (Cu/Al2O3) surface and CuO over (Cu/SAPO-34) surface may block the acid sites. Moreover, the metal dispersion over both catalysts is below 10%. Based on the comparison, various factors could influence the adsorption of NH3 and NO over the catalyst surface. The high specific surface area could provide abundant adsorption sites, which increase the adsorption capacity. Also, the multiple locations of acid spots along a wide temperature range, which are seen over Cu/SAPO-34, could continuously maintain the adsorption of NH3 and NO even at elevated temperature. INVESTIGATION OF NH3 AND NO ADSORPTION OVER Cu/SAPO-34 AND Cu/Al2O3 CATALYSTS FOR NH3–SCR SYSTEM
EVALUATION OF THE STONE ARTIFACTS EXHIBITION STATUS, IN THE NUBIAN MUSEUM GARDEN, ASWAN, EGYPT, A CASE STUDY.

Museums need to maintain appropriate and stable environment for protection and preservation theircollection. Conditions in exhibition, storage and garden areas need monitoring and modificationwherever possible to ensure safety and preservation of the museum collection. Because of its highdurability against the different deterioration factors, the stone artifacts in the museum gardens are socommon. The aim of this paper is to highlight on the stone artifacts, which are displaying in theNubian museum garden in Aswan city, to evaluate the current exhibition status. Collectinginformation about the museum garden environment and Aswan city studied. Samples from a selectedstone relief’s investigated and analyzed by using XRD, SEM (EDAX), LOM and FTIR, for evaluationof the status. Recommendations for the stone relief's exhibition in the Nubian museum gardenpresented.
Active Participation in Presentation

Omid Mehrpour, Bita Bijari, Seyed Alireza Javadinia 4, 5,* Poisoning and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IRAN Social Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IRAN Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN Birjand atherosclerosis and coronary artery research center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IRAN 5 Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IRAN
Combined Effect of Vorinostat and Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Modulation of Thymidine Phosphorylase in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose : To demonstrate the effect of histone deacetylase-inhibitor, vorinostat, on antitumour activity of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods : Expression of thymidine phosphorlase (TP) and thymidylate synthase (TS) was measured by real-time PCR and western blotting. TP knockdown was performed using specific small interfering RNA. Antitumour activity of combination of vorinostat and GSPs was assessed according to Chou and Talay method and by evaluating apoptosis. Results : Vorinostat treatment led to a significant increase in TP expression but decrease in TS expression in NSCLC cells. In H157 cells, increase in the concentration of vorinostat from 0.34 to 0.4 μM increased TP expression 3- to 6-fold. In H1299 cells, there was 7-fold reduction of TS transcript and 30-fold increase of TP transcript at 48 h. Vorinostat, when used in combination with GSPs, resulted in a synergistic anti-proliferative effect and increased apoptotic cell death. However, cells with TP knockdown did not exhibit vorinostat- and GSPs-mediated anti-proliferative effect and apoptotic cell death. Conclusion : The combination of vorinostat and GSPs can be an effective and innovative antitumour therapy for the treatment of NSCLC. Keywords : Histone deacetylase-inhibitor, Synergism, Apoptosis, Antitumor
An Energy Balanced Multi-Hop Routing Mechanism considering Link Error Rate in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, energy is the most important consideration because the lifetime of the sensor node is limited by battery. Most of the existing energy efficient routing protocols use the minimum energy path to minimize energy consumption, which causes an unbalanced distribution of residual energy among nodes. As a result, the power of nodes on energy efficient paths is quickly depletes resulting in inactive. To solve these problems, a method to equalize the energy consumption of the nodes has been proposed, but do not consider the link error rate in the wireless environment. In this paper, we propose a uniform energy consumption of cluster-based multi-hop routing mechanism considering the residual energy and the link error rate. This mechanism reduces energy consumption caused by unnecessary retransmissions and distributes traffic evenly over the network because considering the link error rate. The simulation results compared to other mechanisms, the proposed mechanism is energy-efficient by reducing the number of retransmissions and activation time of all nodes involved in the network has been extended by using the energy balanced path.
Investigating the construct of motor competence in middle childhood using the BOT‐2 Short Form: An item response theory perspective

Motor assessments generally produce a single motor competence score based on the general motor ability hypothesis, which states that motor competence is a one‐dimensional trait underlying a wide range of motor skills. Yet, it is unclear whether the general motor ability hypothesis holds true in middle childhood, which is marked by an increased participation in sports and other types of physical activity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the structure of motor competence in middle childhood using a test battery with a large item set.
The Virtual Advantage: A review of the efforts to alter the rules of collection of state sales and use taxes from out-of-state e-tailers

States have been prohibited from requiring out-of-state e-retailers who lack a physical presence in the state from being able to collect and remit state sales or use taxes on revenue generated from in-state purchases. The physical presence requirement has provided e-tailers with a competitive advantage in terms of price as compared to residential businesses. Since 2004, total annual online sales in North America have increased by $318 billion, resulting in annual sales of $400 billion, with worldwide online sales exceeding $1 trillion annually. While retailers are unable to mandate collection of sales or use taxes on e-tailers without a physical presence within the state, consumers are required to report the taxes on their returns; however, it is estimated that only four percent of residents voluntarily report these taxes. As such, experts have calculated that states lose more than $12 billion per year in lost sales and use tax. In 2018, however, the Supreme Court of the United States will be hearing a case challenging the current prohibition and plethora of precedence, to determine whether a state should be able to impose the burden to collect state sales taxes on outof- state e-tailers who lack a physical presence with the state in which the consumer purchased the item. Additionally, Congress continues to consider legislative action to afford states the power to mandate collection of sales taxes on nonresident sellers who lack a physical presence within the state. The possible changes relating to state’s sales tax collection will alter e-tailers pricing strategies, minimizing the feasibility of the cost leadership approach. The purpose of this article is to analyze the genesis of cases relating to the collection of state sales taxes as well as recent congressional efforts to amend the current law and to describe how the changes will impact the ability of e-tailers to pursue a price leadership strategy. This research is important for two central reasons. First, extant research has not explored states sales tax differences in terms of Porter’s pricing strategies. Secondly, the regulatory landscape is positioned to change, meaning existing practitioners will need to reevaluate their current strategies in order to adapt to the new regulatory environment.
Regulation of Farming Activities: An Evolutionary Approach

Farming activity is modeled under an intervention policy regime, combining the environmental requirements of the Council Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) and the compensatory provisions of the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy. The optimizing behavioural rule along with the evolutionary rule is employed in order to model the individual farmers decision making, regarding compliance or not with regulatory provisions. The impact of these di¤erent behavioral rules on the selection of monitoring e¤ort and thus on the compliance incentives of a population of farmers is examined. Analysis indicated that if monitoring e¤ort is chosen arbitrarily or optimally based on the accustomed full rationality assumption then the population adopts a monomorphic behavior in the long-run, involving either full or noncompliance with the Directives provisions. A polymorphic behavior involving partial compliance of the population also arises if the dynamic model of optimal monitoring is constrained by replicator dynamics which represent the imitation rules. It is evident, thus, that the number and the type of the equilibrium steady-states is a¤ected by the assumption regarding the behavioral rule adopted by regulated agents. Finally, the dynamics of the population of compliant farmers is also assessed under accumulation of monitoring capital indicating identical properties. Keywords: Nitrates Directive, agri-environmental programs, monitoring effort, monitoring capital, rationality, optimal behavioral rule, replicator dynamics, imitation. JEL Classi cation: Q20, L51, B52 1We acknowledge nancial support by the EU Project n 502184, GENEDEC, A quantitative and qualitative assessment of the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of decoupling of direct payments on agricultural production, markets and land use in the EU. The views presented in this paper does not reect the European Unions views.
Endogenous Diversity of Organizations

In this paper we provide a search theoretic framework with moral hazard contracting to derive endogenous diversity of organizational modes. We show that there exist multiple steady state equilibria characterized by centralized and decentralized organizations which differ from each other in their delegation levels of decision rights. The welfare analysis finds that these steady state equilibria may involve “excessive” centralization as compared to the first best efficiency. Furthermore, we show the existence of non–steady state equilibria where the dynamics of organizational change occurs over time toward centralization or decentralization.
Long-Term Effects of labeling a Rape Experience

Research has found that approximately half of women who report an experience that meets the legal definition of rape do not label it rape. It has been assumed that labeling the experience as rape is necessary and beneficial for recovery; however, conflicting findings have been reported. In the present study, a longitudinal design was utilized to examine the long-term consequences of being a rape victim and of labeling the experience as rape. Assessments were obtained at two time points approximately 10 months apart from females in their first year of college. Participants were classified as nonvictims, victims who labeled the experience as rape, or victims who did not label the experience as rape. Results showed that there were negative effects of being raped, such as more psychological distress and increased alcohol use; however, few differences were found at either assessment based on rape victims' labeling of the experience.