Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of oleic acid and vitamin E concentrations of bovine milk using dietary supplements of whole rapeseed and vitamin E

With the aim of reducing the degree of saturation and increasing the C18:1 cis fatty acid content of milk fat, the effects of feeding high levels of whole cracked rapeseed to dairy cows was in- vestigated together with the effect of increasing dietary intake of vitamin E on the vitamin E content of milk. Usin ga3×3f actorial design, 90 Holstein dairy cows were fed one of three levels of whole cracked rapeseed (0 (ZR), 134 (MR) and 270 g·kg -1 diet dry matter (DM) (HR)) in combination with one of three intakes of supplementary vitamin E (0 (ZE), 2 (ME) and 4 g·cow -1 ·d -1 (HE)). Supple- menting with up to almost 2 kg·d -1 of rapeseed oil (diet HR) significantly (P < 0.001) increased C18:1cis in milk fat, from 181 (ZR) to over 400 g·kg -1 (HR) of total milk fatty acids. Concentrations of C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were also increased (P < 0.001) but by a much lesser degree, and the saturated fatty acids C4:0 to C16:0 decreased substantially. Vitamin E supplementation in- creased (P < 0.01) milk vitamin E concentrations from 1.29 (ZE) to 1.68 mg·kg -1 whole milk (HE). Thus substantial changes in milk fat composition with potentially beneficial effects on human health were achieved and without any adverse effects on milk taste. However, these improvements must be offset against the substantial reductions (P < 0.001) observed in voluntary feed DM consumption (ZR, 20.6; HR, 15.2 kg DM·d -1 ), milk yield (ZR, 22.9; HR, 13.2 kg·d -1 ) and milk fat concentration (ZR, 42.1; HR, 33.4 g·kg -1 ) which would not be commercially sustainable unless a considerable pre- mium was paid for this modified milk. It seems likely that the optimum dose of dietary rapeseed is lower than used in this study.
Physicochemical properties and secondary microflora variability in the manufacture and ripening of Idiazabal cheese

Secondary microflora in three batches of Idiazabal cheese were studied. In one of them the milk was cold-stored for 3 d and showed lowcr counts, except for psychrotrophs, Enterobacte- riaceae, Clostridium tyrobutyricum and moulds. Significant differences in NaCI, dry matter and pH in raw milk were observed. Aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic ! lora and Enterococcus increased dur- ing coagulation, pressing and brining, while the rest of the secondary microflora was inhibited, Dur- ing ripening, Enterobacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae declincd in the first 2 ripening months; the Ente- rococcus were stable, except in the cheese from milk cold-stored for 3 d, for which they presented low counts and Clostridium tyrobutyricum, yeast and mou Ids showed an irregular evolution. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris. ewe's cheese 1physicochemicaI characteristic 1secondary microflora
Analysis of Mitochondrial nad1b-c Intron Sequences in Orchidaceae: Utility and Coding of Length-change Characters

Abstract DNA sequences for 100 species representing all subfamilies of Orchidaceae and Hypoxis as outgroup were produced for the intron between the b and c exons of subunit 1 of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (nad1). Although the proportion of variable sites is relatively low (slightly greater than rbcL in the same taxa), length variation is common, such that the intron ranges from 905 bp to approximately 2100 bp among the species. The low variability means that the sequences are fairly easily aligned, and provides an opportunity to consider the use of indels where they are a significant proportion of the data set. Critical examination of indel-coding schemes indicates that unordered multistate coding is most useful when nested indels are present. Cladistic analysis of base changes and indels alone, as well as a combined data set, reveals the importance of the indels as characters, since they provide significant additional resolution and branch support beyond that for base changes alone and have higher consistency and retention indices than base changes. The phylogenetic pattern obtained from this locus is consistent with recognition of either four or five subfamilies, and places the vanilloid orchids away from the epidendroids, in agreement with other molecular data. Communicating Editor: Matt Lavin
A study of pollen from light honeys produced in Piauí State, Brazil

Colour is one of the features that differentiate the types of honeys, perhaps the attribute that has the most power of attractiveness to consumers, who tend to value light honeys. Nevertheless, there is no research to date showing the botanical origin of light honeys from Piauí, and neither separating them from the dark ones, using the pollen spectrum. Aiming to characterise botanical origin from pollen grains, samples of light honey produced in the state of Piauí, and also investigating the possibility of differentiation between light and dark honey through pollen spectrum analysis, 26 samples classified as light by spectrophotometry (≤50 mm Pfund), along with six dark samples, were acetolised with adaptation of solution/rinsing with ethanol. Following that, the pollen residue was analysed under an optical microscope. The obtained data were subjected to ordination through a principal coordinate analysis and a detrended correspondence analysis. A total of 151 pollen types were identified in samples of light honeys, representing 41 botanical families, three of which are noteworthy: Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. Among the types present in 50% or more of the samples, and the highest relative frequency, the following are significant: Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Mimosa pudica, Mimosa tenuiflora/verrucosa, Pityrocarpa moniliformis and Syagrus. Of the 26 analyzed samples of light honey, 13 were considered monofloral: seven of P. moniliformes, five of M. caesalpiniifolia and one of M. pudica. The ordering analysis revealed the existence of groups between light honeys, two of which are unrelated to dark honeys. Plants of the Fabaceae family, especially the genera Mimosa and Pityrocarpa, contribute greatly to the production of light honeys in Piauí State, Brazil.
Discrete Modeling of the MAPK-mTor Pathway Connection in Cancer

Cancer is a complex disease where the deregulation of pathways that are involved in cellular processes such as apoptosis, angiogenesis or proliferation needs to be analyzed. Constructing mathematical models, systems biology aims at describing the dynamic behavior of a network in order to gain a better understanding of the biologal mechanisms and functions. One of the best described signaling pathways is the Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascade which is a role model for complex dynamics in cellular systems. Investigations revealed that MAPK and mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways show a high occurance of mutations in cancer cells, resulting in extensive development of drugs for blocking these mechanisms. However, creating a mathematical model of both pathways is challenging, since data about crosstalk is sparse. Therefore, discrete models are used which only require qualitative information about the system processes and deliver an overview about the capable dynamics of a network using state transition graphs. In this work a discrete model of the MAPK-mTor signaling is constructed in order to test observations extracted from literature to find plausible connections in this cancer system. Thereby an approach for explaining contradictory results from recent studies is given and possible steps for further model refinement are proposed.
Factors influencing the adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) by wheat growers in Varamin County, Iran

This paper presents recent results regarding driving factors and extent of adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques by wheat growers in Varamin county. By proportional random sampling, a total number of 72 wheat growers were selected. Data collection was done through a questionnaire which was developed in 2008. Variables of annual on-farm income, using level of information sources and communication channels, viewpoint on extension agents and level of knowledge were significantly and positively correlated with adoption of IPM measures. � The results of regression analysis showed that level of knowledge explained 58.9% of the variation in the adoption level of sustainable IPM practices. It is recommended that to reach farmer audiences with extension IPM education programs, greater consideration should be given to farmer and farm background, current use of IPM practices and preferences for educational formats.
Factors Affecting the Behavior of Five Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Two Natural Waters and their Sediments

Water samples from the Fraser River and Georgia Strait, British Columbia were treated with different chlorinated hydrocarbons and incubated for up to 12 weeks at 13 C. 1) In the presence of bottom sediments from the same locations as the waters, no residues were found to escape into the atmosphere. 2) With the exception of lindane in ocean water, all detectable residues had moved into the sediments after 6 weeks. 3) Most of the lindane was metabolized. 4). Sterilization of the waters and sediments prevented the metabolism of lindane but had little effect on DDT and DDD. 5) Agitation of water samples containing γ-chlordane, incubated without sediment, had no effect on its disappearance, but the presence of 0.01% of a nonionic surfactant retarded this almost completely.
The Effect of Repeated Short-term Flooding on Mycorrhizal Survival in Snap Bean Roots

Since arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are aerobic, symbiosis was not considered significant under flooded conditions. However, AM colonization of wetland plants is now believed more common than previously thought. In the humid tropics, storms that result in standing water for 24 hours or less are common. Short-term floods, especially on sandy soils, may leach banded fertilizer, reducing uptake efficiency. Crops planted in flood prone areas are not normally enhanced with mycorrhizal mixes. However, mycorrhizal associations tolerant to wet conditions may improve nutrient uptake as plants recover from short-term flooding. Greenhouse studies were initiated to determine the effects of frequent short-term floods (two to four events) on mycorrhizal colonization and subsequent development in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Flooding produced no obvious long-term physical effects on plant shoots. In the first study, flooding did not affect survival of colonies established before the first flood event. Percent root colonization in flooded vs. nonflooded treatments was not significantly different at either 31 or 50 days after planting (DAP). As root length increased there was a concomitant increase in colonization so that percent colonization remained approximately the same in both flooded and nonflooded treatments. In the second study, three weekly floods beginning 13 DAP (cotyledon leaf open only) did not inhibit initial mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal associations should form with snap bean under conditions subject to short-term flooding. Additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of different mycorrhizal mixes under short-term flooded conditions in the field.
Book reviews

I think that this is an important book for professionals working in the field of pastoral care. It presents a robust critique of the world of personalised learning and the legacy of initiatives established by the last government focused on emotional well-being. My experience on a first reading was one of professional disorientation; on the one hand, I recognised myself as one of those charged guilty by the authors, whilst on the other hand, left with challenging questions about educational purpose and values. Ecclestone and Hayes present a highly readable and well-structured account of how a therapeutic frame of reference permeates many areas of our lives and that schools provide its starting point. For the authors, the problem with a therapeutic emphasis is that by extension the individual whether learner or adult is inevitably regarded as diminished, subject to pathology. Furthermore, that such neediness requires the support and healing intervention of professionals well versed (or not so) in the language and ideas drawn from the territory of the psychotherapist. Most worryingly for Ecclestone and Hayes, the incremental reach of therapy culture into the world of education has usurped the space for genuine learning, contributing to what they describe as a crisis of education. The above summary does not do credit to a well-marshalled and carefully constructed argument that puts a disturbing spin on much of the good work that has been done over the past decade in promoting well-being and emotional awareness in education. In their view, the authors present a range of evidence demonstrating that much of what constitutes social and emotional development is about displacing the greater purpose of learning out of the classroom. In effect, the affective aspects of learning have trumped the need for intellectual understanding and rigour. Children are increasingly encouraged to introspection through self-reflection and self-esteem exercises that distract from engaging in learning itself. Ecclestone and Hayes bemoan the substitution of curriculum subject with the new ‘subject’; the child’s subjective experience. This, they believe, is the way of infantalization and fundamentalism, both themes more fully explored by Furedi (2004) whose work is a recurring reference point throughout the text. However, despite initial appearances, the authors are no defenders of Victorian liberal education methods. They are wary of being caught up in the same net as the utilitarian Pastoral Care in Education Vol. 30, No. 4, December 2012, pp. 359–362
Morfologia floral e biologia reprodutiva de genótipos de aceroleira

Flower morphology and reproductive biology knowledge of fruit crops may contribute to the development of castration and pollination tecniques. With this objective, flower structure and the biology of West Indian cherry genotypes were studied at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Flower morphology was evaluated by characterization, quantification and reproductive biology, from flower bud beginning until opening. West Indian Cherry flower is hermaphrodite with a calix of six or seven sepals, corolla of five petals, nine or ten glands in the lower region, ten stamen androecium and gyneceum with three or four pistils. The flowers are distributed in bunches of 3 to 13 units each, on the same year or on the latest year branches. Plants flower 6 to 7 times per year, mainly from January to May and August to December periods, with about 7 days elapsed from flower bud appearance to anthesis, wich occurs from 5h00 to 8h00 AM and from 2h00 to 4h00 PM. The flowering period endures from 22.1 to 29.4 days. The fruit ripeness occurs 22 days after flowering and the crop lasts 19.7 to 28.8 days.
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE ARCTIC GROUND SQUIRREL (SPERMOPHILUS PARRYII) IN NEARCTIC BERINGIA

Abstract Pleistocene glaciations had significant effects on the distribution and evolution of arctic species. We focus on these effects in Nearctic Beringia, a high-latitude ice-free refugium in northwest Canada and Alaska, by examining variation in mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) sequences to elucidate phylogeographic relationships and identify times of evolutionary divergence in arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii). This arctic-adapted species provides an excellent model to examine the biogeographic history of the Nearctic due to its extensive subspecific variation and long evolutionary history in the region. Four geographically distinct clades are identified within this species and provide a framework for exploring patterns of biotic diversification and evolution within the region. Phylogeographic analysis and divergence estimates are consistent with a glacial vicariance hypothesis. Estimates of genetic and population divergence suggest that differentiation within Nearctic S. parryii occurred as early as the Kansan glaciation. Timing of these divergence events clusters around the onset of the Kansan, Illinoian, and Wisconsin glaciations, supporting glacial vicariance, and suggests that S. parryii survived multiple glacial periods in Nearctic Beringia. Across the Arctic, Beringia has been identified as an important regional refugium for a number of species. Within Nearctic Beringia, genetic differentiation across populations of arctic ground squirrels further reflects the effect of glacial patterns on a finer scale. The arctic ground squirrel has had a long evolutionary history in the Nearctic, with strong phylogeographic structure and stable clades persisting through multiple glacial cycles.
The Inhibitory Effects of Guava Leaf Extract (GvEx) The Inhibitory Effects of Guava Leaf Extract (GvEx) The Inhibitory Effects of Guava Leaf Extract (GvEx) The Inhibitory Effects of Guava Leaf Extract (GvEx)

The inhibitory effect of guava leaf extract (GvEx) on influenza virus infection was examined using the hemagglutination-inhibition test and the preventive effect on influenza infection in mice. GvEx had the same level of hemagglutination-inhibition activity for two different subtypes (PR8 (H1N1) and Guizhou (H3N2)) of human influenza A virus. It was found that GvEx-treated influenza virus lost its infectivity so that there was decreased morbidity and increased survival of mice after nasal injection. Investigation of various canned tea products revealed that guava tea had the same strong hemagglutination-inhibition effect as black tea and caused the same marked inhibition of influenza infection as black and green tea. These results indicated that GvEx and commercial guava tea can bind to the surface of influenza virus and inhibit its adhesion to epithelial cells in the respiratory tract thus blocking its infectivity.
Effect of Al particle size on the reaction kinetics and densification of TiAl intermetallics

The present investigation deals with response of the particle size of aluminum on the reactive sintering of Ti–Al intermetallics and subsequently on their reaction kinetics and densification behavior. Aluminum powders of initial average particle size of 44 μm were milled for various durations in a planetary ball mill to produce average particles sizes of 100, 28 and 7 μm. These aluminum powders of various particle sizes i.e. 100, 28 and 7 μm were mixed with titanium powder of average particles size of 44 μm in the ratio of 1:1 corresponding to the Ti–Al intermetallic composition. The reactive sintering temperatures of the mixtures were determined by DTA and the effect of change in particle Al particle size has been determined for the activation energy ofthe self-propagating reaction. The effect of Al particle size on the sintering was determined by studying density and microstructure.
IN-VITRO ALPHA AMYLASE AND ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF HYBANTHUS ENNEASPERMUS LINN.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity of various extracts of Hybanthus enneaspermus. Methods: The whole plant of H. enneaspermus was dried under shade and powdered. The powdered material was used for the preparing the various solvent extracts, which were used for the invitro antidiabetic study. Results: Various extracts of H. enneaspermus showed alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner. Ethanolic extract possessed great inhibitory activity compared with other extracts. Conclusion: The present study confirms the evidence of hypoglycemic effect of H. enneaspermus through enzyme inhibitory activity and gives a clear evidence that H. enneaspermus has antidiabetic activity.
Finite Element Approximation of a 2D–1D Contact Eigenvalue Problem

Abstract We consider an elliptic eigenvalue problem of second order on a two-component domain consisting of an interval and a rectangle with a common point. The interaction between the domains is expressed through a coupling condition in integral form for the components of the vector eigenfunction. We set up finite element methods for this problem, the involved error analysis being affected by the coupling condition, which requires a modification of the vector Lagrange interpolant on the overall mesh. The resulting error estimates however, show the optimal rate of convergence, as compared to those for eigenvalue problems with classical boundary or transition conditions.
Anthelmintic Evaluation of Formulated Polyherbal Syrup

Helminthiasis is an infection of the human body with parasitic worm such as roundworms, earthworms, hookworms, flukes, tapeworms and pinworms. The worms usually only involve the intestinal tract but sometimes they may invade other organs. The present study was done with the aim to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of formulated polyherbal syrup containing traditionally used herbs like Neolamarckia cadamba and Alstonia scholaris using adult earthworms Eisenia foetida against albendazole as standard reference and normal saline as control. The time to achieve paralysis of the worms was determined.
Agricultural drought analyses for temperate Australia using a biophysical pasture model. 1. Identifying and characterising drought periods

The SGS Pasture Model was used to estimate daily total soil water content (mm) for the period 1998–2001 (using experimental data) and from July 1905 to June 2005 (using a 100-year daily climate file). For both model simulations, the correlation coefficient for actual and predicted data was >0.86. Four sites were examined, three in the winter-rainfall zone (Albany, Western Australia; Hamilton, Victoria; and Wagga Wagga, New South Wales) and one in the predominantly summer-rainfall zone (Barraba, New South Wales) of temperate Australia. Trends were detected in long-term rainfall data for lower mean annual rainfall at the Albany site since the mid 1950s and at the Hamilton site since the mid 1970s. Analyses of days in which herbage accumulation was likely to be limited only by water allowed a minimum soil water content to be defined; below this value, soil water was in deficit. A drought period was defined as occurring after >50 consecutive days of predicted soil water deficit. For the four sites, six categories of drought duration were described, ranging from >50–120 days (seasonal drought) to >364 days (exceptional drought). Numbers of predicted droughts were 90, 90, 65, and 60, respectively, at Albany, Hamilton, Wagga Wagga, and Barraba sites. At the three winter-rainfall sites, most predicted droughts occurred in a regular pattern and were an extension of a seasonal drought, but at the Barraba site they were of a longer duration and irregular in occurrence.
SOME FEATURES OF A REMARKABLE ORGANELLE IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS

In thin sections of Bacillus subtilis certain organelles are observed situated either in the nuclear area from where they can extend into the cytoplasm, or in contact with the cell wall. Inside the nuclear area, the organelle is sometimes composed of concentric layers each seen to consist of two dense borders with a lighter interspace. In other instances, inside as well as outside the nuclear area, the organelles appear as clusters of delicately delimited vesicles. A typical site of occurrence is on the inner rim of the centripetally developing transverse septa, where it appears as a so called peripheral body (2). The micrographs strongly suggest that when the organelles are attached to the walls they have a function in cell wall formation.