Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of salicylic acid on photosynthetic activity and chloroplast morphology under light and prolonged darkness

Salicylic acid (SA) is a key component of plant defence, which exerts a concentration-dependent effect on photosynthesis under multi-faceted influence of light. Photosynthetic activities and chloroplast morphology were studied in tomato plants after treatment with a sublethal, 0.1 mM, and a cell death-inducing, 1 mM concentrations of SA under normal photoperiod during light phase and after a prolonged dark phase. SA (1 mM) decreased the maximal (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yields of PSII [Y(II)] and PSI [Y(I)] under both environmental conditions, however, the photoprotective processes were not significantly different between light and dark samples. Decrease in grana height, thylakoid dilation and deformation of lumen were also observed in the light. In contrast to illuminated samples, 0.1 mM SA decreased Y(II) and Y(I) after dark incubation, but nonphotochemical energy dissipation and cyclic electron flow increased, suggesting that the photoprotective mechanisms could be activated in plants exposed to prolonged darkness.
Analyse der Störfestigkeit von Automotive Ethernet Kommunikationssystemen

Die ansteigende Anzahl der elektronischen Systeme im Fahrzeug und die Art der Anwendungen erhöhen den Bedarf an robusten Kommunikationssystemen. Im Hinblick auf echtzeitfähige Anwendungen in teilautomatisierten oder vollautomatisierten Fahrzeugen ergeben sich hohe Anforderungen an die notwendige Datenrate und die Übertragungssicherheit der Kfz-Kommunikationssysteme. Um diese Aufgabe zu erfüllen wurde als neues Kommunikationssystem Automotive Ethernet entwickelt [1], welches heute meist mit einer Übertragungsrate von 100 Mbit/s eingesetzt wird. Das Datensignal wird über eine ungeschirmte verdrillte Leitung übertragen und mithilfe einer Amplitudenmodulation, bestehend aus drei verschiedenen Spannungspegeln, codiert [2]. Die hohe Datenrate führt zu einer relativ geringen Symboldauer und die Verwendung von ungeschirmten Leitungen begünstigt die Einkopplung von Störungen, die zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Kommunikation führen können. Für den Entwurf von Kommunikationssystemen im Fahrzeug ist damit eine Bewertung der Kommunikationsgüte und die Beurteilung von potentiellen Störsignalen von hoher Bedeutung. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Bewertung der Störfestigkeit einer 100BASE-T1 Kommunikation. Es werden verschiedene Ansätze zur Bewertung der Kommunikation diskutiert, um eine Aussage anhand der Signale auf dem Physical Layer vorzunehmen. Im Anschluss werden Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Störfestigkeit einer realen Kommunikationsstrecke gegenüber differentieller Störpulse vorgestellt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen den Einfluss verschiedener Störsignale auf Bitund Paketfehler in einer 100BASE-T1 Kommunikation.
Genetic Fortune: Winning or Losing Education, Income, and Health

We develop a polygenic index for individual income and examine random differences in this index with lifetime outcomes in a sample of ~35,000 biological siblings. We find that genetic fortune for higher income causes greater socio-economic status and better health, partly via intervenable environmental pathways such as education. The positive returns to schooling remain substantial even after controlling for now observable genetic confounds. Our findings illustrate that inequalities in education, income, and health are partly due the outcomes of a genetic lottery. However, the consequences of different genetic endowments are malleable, for example via policies that target education.
Kansei Decision Tree: Proposal of a Modeling Method for Decision-making Processes

: This study proposes a method of modeling a decision-making process using the decision tree. A simulation experiment was conducted to collect cases of decision making. Then, a modeling method using the decision tree was applied to the experimental results. The obtained decision tree enabled the authors to visually identify the differences in Kansei depending on the person. Finally, the authors compared and examined the differences in the number of nodes in the decision tree according to whether there was
Changing sourcing practices: Journalists’ use of Facebook in Croatia

With the rise of social media, media professionals have got more information sources now than ever before. An interesting phenomenon is the use of social media posts with political content as political news sources in traditional media in Croatia. This article explores the use of Facebook posts as political information source in eight news media. Its main objective is to contribute to the understanding of the impact of social media on news production and journalistic practices and the implications on the relationship between the source, journalists and news consumers in the news production cycle. The results show how this new practice has brought novelties and changes in news sourcing techniques, influenced the public agenda and impacted the use of Facebook by political actors. One of our main findings shows that sourcing Facebook posts shifts the power balance from journalist towards the source. The article concludes that although journalistic practice has changed with the use of social media, elite sources are still dominant.
Stochastic Adaptive Nonlinear Control With Filterless Least Squares

For stochastic strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown parameters in the drift terms or the diffusion terms, we develop new least-squares identification schemes without regressor filtering. A key new ingredient in the proposed estimator design is a weighted term with design parameters, which is introduced to deal with the nonlinear terms and stochastic noise. With such an estimator, new adaptive controllers are designed to guarantee that the equilibrium at the origin of the closed-loop system is globally stable in probability, and the states are regulated to zero almost surely. Besides, by suitably selecting the estimator parameters, we prove that the proposed least-squares estimators are convergent, as well as strongly consistent in some special cases. Finally, two simulation examples are given to illustrate the least-squares identification and the adaptive control design.
The effect of different personal traits on the sustainable environmental behavior in tourism.

The attitudes and behaviors of the tourists for the sustainability of the environment are important. Ensuring the sustainability of the environment and transferring it to future generations is an important issue in tourism. In this study, the effects of five factor personality traits of tourists on sustainable environmental behaviors in tourism were investigated. In this research, 486 outgoing local tourists were surveyed in September 2018 going abroad with a travel agency operating in Istanbul. According to the results of the study, it was found that compatibility, emotional balance and openness to experience had no effect on sustainable environmental behaviors, while extraversion and responsibility personality traits had a significant effect on sustainable environmental behaviors. Other results of the study were evaluated in the conclusion and discussion section. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Submitted: 24 April 2019 Resubmitted: 1 July 2019 Resubmitted: 23 July 2019 Accepted: 29 July 2019
Evolving paradigms in biological carbon cycling in the ocean

Carbon is a keystone element in global biogeochemical cycles. It plays a fundamental role in biotic and abiotic processes in the ocean, which intertwine to mediate the chemistry and redox status of carbon in the ocean and the atmosphere. The interactions between abiotic and biogenic carbon (e.g. CO2, CaCO3, organic matter) in the ocean are complex, and there is a half-century-old enigma about the existence of a huge reservoir of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) that equates to the magnitude of the pool of atmospheric CO2. The concepts of the biological carbon pump (BCP) and the microbial loop (ML) shaped our understanding of the marine carbon cycle. The more recent concept of the microbial carbon pump (MCP), which is closely connected to those of the BCP and the ML, explicitly considers the significance of the ocean's RDOC reservoir and provides a mechanistic framework for the exploration of its formation and persistence. Understanding of the MCP has benefited from advanced ‘omics’ and novel research in biological oceanography and microbial biogeochemistry. The need to predict the ocean's response to climate change makes an integrative understanding of the BCP, ML and MCP a high priority. In this review, we summarize and discuss progress since the proposal of the MCP in 2010 and formulate research questions for the future.
21st-Century Education or the Awakening of the Sleeping Beauties: A Systematic Literature Review

espanolAunque la educacion del siglo XXI ha sido ampliamente debatida y presentada en la literatura, la realidad de las escuelas actuales, especialmente en los paises en desarrollo, muestra una imagen muy alejada de lo que deberia ser una educacion flexible, personalizada, orientada al desarrollo de habilidades blandas y basada en el uso de Tecnologias de la Informacion y la Comunicacion (TIC). Abordar esta situacion en detalle seria el primer paso para comprenderla y proporcionar elementos de trabajo concretos para los docentes, los directores escolares y los responsables de la politica educativa, especialmente para aquellos que trabajan en contextos educativos adversos. Este articulo presenta una revision sistematica de literatura centrada en la identificacion de ideas clave sobre la educacion del siglo XXI como posibles factores de transformacion de la actual escuela. La revision incluyo 780 informes de investigacion sobre la educacion del siglo XXI, 101 de los cuales fueron leidos en profundidad y analizados cualitativamente. Los resultados revelaron que, si bien la mayoria de las ideas clave relacionadas con la educacion del siglo XXI no son completamente nuevas, estan floreciendo, como bellas durmientes, con nuevas posibilidades de implementacion debido a la evolucion del desarrollo tecnologico actual. Algunas de las bellas durmientes educativas a destacar son: las rutas personales de aprendizaje, la ensenanza basada en la investigacion, el curriculo abierto, flexible y apoyado digitalmente y el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. EnglishAlthough 21st-century education has been widely debated and presented in the literature, the reality of today’s schools, especially in developing countries, shows a very distant image of what should be a flexible, personalized, soft skills-oriented education, based on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). To address this situation should be the first step in order to understand it and provide concrete work elements for teachers, school principals and policymakers, especially for those who work in adverse educational contexts. This article presents a systematic literature review focused on the identification of critical ideas about 21st-century education as possible factors of a transformation of the current school. The review included 780 research reports on 21st-century education, which were coded and processed through text mining. A selection of 101 reports was read in-depth and qualitatively analyzed. The results revealed that although most of the critical ideas related to 21st-century education are not brand new, they are flourishing, like sleeping beauties, with new possibilities of implementation due to the evolution of current technological development. Some of the educational sleeping beauties to highlight are personal learning paths, research-based teaching, open, flexible and digitally supported curriculum, and lifelong learning.
Patients' Satisfaction with Dental Services in the Eastern Province Military Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

Background and Aim: The quality of services provided by a dental specialist is a major concerned. The level of anxiety and stress among dental specialists has increased due to patients complaint. The purpose of this research is to measure the overall patients satisfaction with the quality of dental services provided at Eastern Province Military Hospitals, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The researcher has conducted a cross-sectional analytical study at dental clinics of three military hospitals. A stratified random sampling technique was employed in the data collection from pre-tested questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were followed by inferential statistics. Chi-square test and Fischers exact test were also used to assess the male and female satisfaction levels. Results: The number of participants in this study was 247 patients, in which 69.6% were female and 30.4% were male. The factors associated with patient satisfaction disclosed a mean percentage of 71.0% SD ± 14.31, for the four domains of satisfaction indicate an average level of satisfaction. The results also show a significant difference in male and female patientssatisfaction in specific areas such as asking personal questions during the visit, or prolonged waiting time for appointments and maintaining confidentiality (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patient-dentist interaction and system/ administrative efficiency are the factors that have the most significant effect on patients satisfaction at these three sites. It is recommended that hospital administration arranges awareness sessions to enlighten dental service providers about professional conduct, sessions on how to avoid long waiting periods for dental appointments, and on how evening or weekend clinics could accommodate more patients.
On speakers in narrative fiction

The paper investigates aspects of the contribution of indexicals to sentence meaning when the context, specifically the speaker, is unknown. One typical instance is the interpretation of the first person pronoun I in anonymous messages, another case are first and second person indexicals in narrative fiction. Whereas the speaker of an anonymous message can be found out, first speaker protagonists in fiction are a priori elusive. The paper argues that the meaning of indexicals in fiction and in anonymous utterances should be captured by forming the union over possible utterance contexts. It defines the subjective meaning for the hearer/reader as an appropriate level of semantic representation.
The Role of ECSIT in Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated Cardiomyopathy

The evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediate in the toll pathway (ECSIT) is a 50 kDa protein involved in the function of many pathways and implicated in a variety of phenotypes. It functions as part of the toll pathway by integrating the signal from several toll receptors and facilitating the activation of downstream proteins NFКB, JNK and P38 MAPK. It functions as part of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway through interaction with SMAD4 allowing for normal embryonic development. It also functions as a mitochondrial complex I assembly factor and loss of function leads to a reduction in fully assembled complex I. As part of a large scale ENU mutagenesis screen, The Harwell Ageing Screen, a novel missense mutation (N209I) was identified in ECSIT which resulted in a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype in homozygous mutant animals. Further investigation revealed this phenotype to be a result of a loss of function in ECSIT’s role as a complex I assembly factor. Mitochondria from EcsitN209I/N209I hearts showed a reduction in total complex I protein as well as a loss of enzymatic activity and fully assembled complex I. Interestingly, this mitochondrial dysfunction was limited to the heart with other tissues maintaining protein levels and complex I function at or close to wild type levels, suggesting that there may be tissue specific differences in the complex I assembly pathway. Investigation of the assembly pathway using first and second dimensional blue native PAGE suggests that this tissue specific pathway may involve the formation of a previously undescribed fragment of ECSIT that is present in heart tissue but absent from other tissues tested, is associated with fully assembled complex I in wild type mitochondria but absent in EcsitN209I/N209I hearts.
Time perspective and self-control: metacognitive management of time is important for efficient self-regulation of behavior

The way people perceive time is interesting in itself but also as a predictor of social, cognitive, and affective aspects of behavior. It is also a correlate of important psychological traits. In this study, we investigated associations between psychometrically assessed self-control and metacognitive processes involved in time perspective (TP). Time perspective is defined as the engagement of temporal frames for better understanding the flow of events and personal experiences. Executive control and fluid intelligence were assessed as possible mediators of the investigated relationship. Participants ( N = 150) completed the Temporal MetaCognition Scale (TMCS), Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) and two inhibitory control tasks: the Stroop and Stop Signal Task (SST). Self-control was measured with three questionnaires: NAS-50, NAS-40, and the Self-Control Scale (SCS). results Temporal metacognition was found to be associated with self-control, but not with executive control and fluid intelligence. Two TMCS dimensions (Goal-oriented Metatemporal Interconnectedness, Metacognitive Temporal Control) were important positive predictors of self-control, whereas the third dimension (Cognitive Reconstruction of the Past) was a weak negative predictor. conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that metacognitive processes involved in time perspective may help to exert control over one’s own behavior. The most important predictor of self-control is the ability to consider situations from various time perspectives.
Alternative Hosts for Soybean vein necrosis virus and Feeding Preferences of Its Vector Soybean Thrips

Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV), a tospovirus and one of the most widespread soybean viruses in North America, is primarily transmitted by soybean thrips (Neohydatothrips variabilis). Although soybean is not considered the primary plant host for SVNV, there is a dearth of knowledge about alternative host plants for SVNV. We therefore investigated whether commonly present specialty and cover crops in Iowa can serve as alternative hosts for SVNV. Seventeen cover crops and seven specialty crops were tested using mechanical and thrips inoculations. Clear symptoms of SVNV and systemic infection in buckwheat and clear local infection with possible systemic infection on melon were shown. Additionally, we compared soybean thrips feeding on 18 cover crops and determined that they preferred alfalfa, buckwheat, crimson clover, and red clover. Our results suggested that alternative host crops may harbor SVNV and be a possible source of inoculum for soybean. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture | Plant Pathology Comments This article is published as Irizarry, Melissa D. , Manjula G. Elmore, Jean C. Batzer, Steven A. Whitham, and Daren S. Mueller. "Alternative Hosts for Soybean vein necrosis virus and Feeding Preferences of Its Vector Soybean Thrips. " Plant Health Progress 19, no. 2 (2018): 176-181. doi: 10.1094/PHP-11-17-0071-RS. Posted with permission. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/plantpath_pubs/250 Plant Health Progress ¿ 2018 ¿ 19:176–181 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-11-17-0071-RS
Macroevolution of microhabitat, climate, and morphology in lungless salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae).

Biologists have long sought to understand how ecological selective pressures drive evolutionary responses. Defining how morphology, life history, and abiotic conditions interact across deep time can reveal the selective pressures responsible for shaping various axes of biodiversity. I used this three-pronged framework to investigate the macroevolution of the family of lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae), well-known for its impressive ecological and geographic diversity while exhibiting little apparent morphological diversity. Employing ancestral state estimation methods, geometric morphometrics, and various phylogenetic comparative approaches, I first investigated the macroevolutionary responses of functional morphology to microhabitat-use across the clade’s history. From these analyses, I estimated at least five independent transitions towards arboreality and over 60 transitions away from arboreality across the plethodontid tree of life. This suggests that arboreality may represent an evolutionarily transitory state for lungless salamanders, with a high tendency to abandon arboreal habitats to return to the ancestral terrestrial habitat. I also found no evidence of morphologically distinct body shapes or foot shapes in arboreal species, suggesting that it is unlikely that the tendency to occupy or abandon arboreal microhabitats is driven by biomechanical constraints. I next explored the relationship between microhabitat use and abiotic conditions, revealing that arboreal species occupy warmer, wetter climates than terrestrial species as measured by coarse environmental data summarized across entire species’ ranges. This pattern was explicated using phylogenetic comparative methods and corroborated with a novel implementation of ecological niche modeling. From this analysis, I concluded that the availability of arboreal microhabitats is largely determined by the abiotic conditions of the species range. Finally, following our discovery of the importance of climate in determining these species’ ecological patterns, I investigated the macroevolution of the morphological trait, surface area to volume ratios (SA:V),
Data-Driven Adjustable Robust Unit Commitment of Integrated Electric-Heat Systems

This paper proposes a data-driven adjustable robust unit commitment (UC) model for integrated electric-heat systems (IEHSs), where the data-driven, and robustness adjustable features are endowed by the novel uncertainty modeling method. The devised uncertainty set is the intersections of a series of hyperplanes. It combines the merits of the traditional box-like uncertainty set, whose underlying computation burden is moderate, and the convex hull formed by historical data, which would lead to less conservative operation strategies. The boundaries of the bounding high-dimensional rectangle of the uncertainty set are set as decision variables to achieve the balance between the operation costs, and risk. The two-stage decision-making framework is employed in the robust UC model of IEHSs, in which the district heating networks are operated at the variable-flow-variable-temperature mode. The modified column-and-constraint generation (C, and CG) algorithm is employed to solve the proposed robust program, where an additional feasible region reduction step is embedded to decrease the computation burden of the worst case identification. Simulation results on two test systems verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.