Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks

Recent years have seen remarkable advancement in the field of Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs). The popularity of Energy Harvesting has grown due to their capability of prolonging the network lifetime. The devices utilizing energy harvesting are affected by inefficiencies, including, energy leakage, and battery degradation or storage losses. Many different protocols are being developed in the recent years in this domain. These protocols can be categorized in a variety of ways with respect to their mechanisms and functionalities they follow, hence it becomes important to understand their principal working. In this research, we have selected some recent routing protocols in the field of EH-WSNs and presented a comparative analysis in accordance to their categories in which they lie. A detailed analysis of their key advantages and flaws is also identified in this research.
The Role of Leukocyte Depletion by in Vivo Use of Leukocyte Filter in Lung Preservation After Warm Ischemia

The oxygen metabolites of leukocytes have been implicated as playing the central role in reperfusion injury of preserved lung for transplantation. Furthermore, it is still unknown how leukotrienes take part in this process. Twelve mongrel dogs were used, divided into two groups. In group A, left thoracotomy and hilar stripping of the left lung was performed under anesthesia. During warm ischemia (two hours) and reperfusion (two hours), a filter was used three times between the femoral artery and vein, and quantitative in vivo blood filtration was performed. In group B, warm ischemia and reperfusion was done in the same fashion without filtration. As for tissue free radical assay, lipid peroxidation products were measured by means of thiobarbituric acid. Tissue leukotriene B4 and C4 levels were measured by radio immunoassay. In addition, peripheral blood count and tissue wet/dry ratio were analyzed. Significant leukocyte depletion of peripheral blood with leukocyte efflux from reperfused lung was observed in group A. Significant increase of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) titers after reperfusion was observed in group B, whereas no significant fluctuation of tissue MDA titers was noted in group A. Concerning leukotriene B4 and C4, no significant increase was observed in either group. Tissue damage estimated by lung wet/dry ratio was considered to be controlled in group A compared with group B. Thus, the authors conclude that in vivo use of a leukocyte filter is efficient in removal of peripheral blood leukocytes and in preservation of reperfused lung after warm ischemia and that oxygen metabolities of leukocytes are considered to play a role in tissue damage in this process.
TO FIND OUT THE SPECTRUM OF CONGENITAL AND ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population of both the developing and developed countries. Objective: To find the prevalence and pattern of CHD in a tertiary care centre of Western Rajasthan Methods: A descriptive type of study conducted during the period of January 2017 to December 2018, a total of 163842 patients sought medical help in pediatric department of Dr SN Medical college hospital. All data were analyzed by SPSS-software. Results: The prevalence of heart disease was 0.89% in our study. The prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) was 0.84% and acquired heart disease was 0.05% in this study. Conclusion: Prevalence of heart disease was 0.89% among the hospital attending patients could be an underestimation of the actual disease burden in our community. Increased awareness regarding cardiac diseases reduces the mortality and morbidity associated with these ailments. Keywords: Children, congenital-heart disease, echocardiography, prevalence
ESMO Minimum Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of Hodgkin's disease.

Pathological diagnosis should be made according to the World Health Organisation classification from a surgical specimen i.e. excisional lymph node biopsy, whenever possible providing enough material for fresh, frozen and formalin-fixed samples. Classical Hodgkin’s disease (cHD) includes nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich classical and lymphocyte-depleted subtypes and is distinguished from lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s disease (LPHD) for prognostic reasons.
In fl uence of Adiposity on Insulin Resistance and GlycemiaMarkers Among United Kingdom Children of South Asian , Black African-Caribbean , andWhite European Origin Child Heart and Health Study in England

OBJECTIVEdEthnic differences in type 2 diabetes risk between South Asians and white Europeans originate before adult life and are not fully explained by higher adiposity levels in South Asians. Although metabolic sensitivity to adiposity may differ between ethnic groups, this has been little studied in childhood. We have therefore examined the associations among adiposity, insulin resistance, and glycemia markers in children of different ethnic origins.
A 13dBm 60GHz-band injection locked PA with 36% PAE in 65nm CMOS

A 60GHz fully integrated injection locked power amplifier (PA) with single-ended input and output signals is demonstrated. The PA core is composed of an NMOS cross-coupled pair together with NMOS current injecting transistors. On-chip transformers are used as baluns for balanced signal conversion. Using a 1.2V supply the PA achieves an output power (Pout) of 13dBm and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 36% at 58GHz. It is implemented in a standard 65nm LP CMOS process and occupies a chip area of 0.54×0.29 mm2 including pads.
A Highly Accurate FDTD Model for Simulating Lorentz Dielectric Dispersion

A highly accurate and numerically stable model of Lorentz dielectric dispersion for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is presented. The coefficients of the proposed model are optimally derived based on the Maclaurin series expansion (MSE) method and it is shown that the model is much better than the other four reported models in implementing the Lorentz dielectric dispersion with error of relative permittivity several orders lower. The model's stability and performance are also analyzed when it is incorporated into the practical second- and fourth-order accurate FDTD algorithms for an exemplified Lorentz medium. Interestingly, we find that all the mentioned models show nearly the same performance in the second-order algorithm due to its large intrinsic numerical dispersion and the superiority of the proposed MSE model begins to be manifested in the higher-order, say, fourth-order FDTD algorithms as implied by the governing numerical dispersion equations.
Adiabatic quantum optimization in the presence of discrete noise: Reducing the problem dimensionality

Adiabatic quantum optimization is a procedure to solve a vast class of optimization problems by slowly changing the Hamiltonian of a quantum system. The evolution time necessary for the algorithm to be successful scales inversely with the minimum energy gap encountered during the dynamics. Unfortunately, the direct calculation of the gap is strongly limited by the exponential growth in the dimensionality of the Hilbert space associated to the quantum system. Although many special-purpose methods have been devised to reduce the effective dimensionality, they are strongly limited to particular classes of problems with evident symmetries. Moreover, little is known about the computational power of adiabatic quantum optimizers in real-world conditions. Here, we propose and implement a general purposes reduction method that does not rely on any explicit symmetry and which requires, under certain general conditions, only a polynomial amount of classical resources. Thanks to this method, we are able to analyze the performance of "non-ideal" quantum adiabatic optimizers to solve the well-known Grover problem, namely the search of target entries in an unsorted database, in the presence of discrete local defects. In this case, we show that adiabatic quantum optimization, even if affected by random noise, is still potentially faster than any classical algorithm.
Long-Range Incommensurate Charge Fluctuations in (Y,Nd)Ba2Cu3O6+x

A State of High Tc Superconductivity There are strong indications that high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates is formed amid competing orders, but only two have been observed unambiguously. The so-called stripe order has been observed in a Lanthanum-based cuprate family and consists of coexisting charge-and-spin modulations and occurs at a characteristic dopant concentration in which the critical temperature Tc has a dip. Now, Ghiringhelli et al. (p. 821, published online 12 July; see the Perspective by Tranquada) have used resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to uncover a related but apparently two-dimensional charge order in the much cleaner YBCO cuprate family. The charge fluctuations were not commensurate with the lattice and did not originate in the characteristic oxygen chains of YBCO. The order appeared only in a narrow interval of dopant concentrations and competed with superconductivity, which provides a natural explanation for a plateau in Tc observed in the same range. Scattering experiments uncover an order competing with superconductivity in a cuprate family. The concept that superconductivity competes with other orders in cuprate superconductors has become increasingly apparent, but obtaining direct evidence with bulk-sensitive probes is challenging. We have used resonant soft x-ray scattering to identify two-dimensional charge fluctuations with an incommensurate periodicity of ~3.2 lattice units in the copper-oxide planes of the superconductors (Y,Nd)Ba2Cu3O6+x, with hole concentrations of 0.09 to 0.13 per planar Cu ion. The intensity and correlation length of the fluctuation signal increase strongly upon cooling down to the superconducting transition temperature (Tc); further cooling below Tc abruptly reverses the divergence of the charge correlations. In combination with earlier observations of a large gap in the spin excitation spectrum, these data indicate an incipient charge density wave instability that competes with superconductivity.
Permutation-based Causal Inference Algorithms with Interventions

Learning directed acyclic graphs using both observational and interventional data is now a fundamentally important problem due to recent technological developments in genomics that generate such single-cell gene expression data at a very large scale. In order to utilize this data for learning gene regulatory networks, efficient and reliable causal inference algorithms are needed that can make use of both observational and interventional data. In this paper, we present two algorithms of this type and prove that both are consistent under the faithfulness assumption. These algorithms are interventional adaptations of the Greedy SP algorithm and are the first algorithms using both observational and interventional data with consistency guarantees. Moreover, these algorithms have the advantage that they are nonparametric, which makes them useful also for analyzing non-Gaussian data. In this paper, we present these two algorithms and their consistency guarantees, and we analyze their performance on simulated data, protein signaling data, and single-cell gene expression data.
Prospective long-term follow-up of 44 patients who received cingulotomy for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE Long-term outcome associated with cingulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was prospectively assessed. Findings are reported for 18 patients previously described in 1995 and for 26 new patients. METHOD An open preoperative and follow-up assessment was conducted at multiple time points for 44 patients undergoing one or more cingulotomies for treatment-refractory OCD. The patients were assessed by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R preoperatively and with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Sickness Impact Profile both preoperatively and at all follow-up assessments. The patients completed clinical global improvement scales at all follow-up assessments. RESULTS At mean follow-up of 32 months after one or more cingulotomies, 14 patients (32%) met criteria for treatment response and six others (14%) were partial responders. Thus, 20 patients (45%) were at least partial responders at long-term follow-up after one or more cingulotomies. Few adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Thirty-two percent to 45% of patients previously unresponsive to medication and behavioral treatments for OCD were at least partly improved after cingulotomy. Cingulotomy remains a viable treatment option for patients with severe treatment-refractory OCD.
Effects of Spontaneous Symmetry Break in the Origin of Non-analytic Behavior of Entanglement at Quantum Phase Transitions

We present an example where Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking may effect not only the behavior of the entanglement at Quantum Phase Transitions, but also the origin of the non-analyticity. In particular, in the XXZ model, we study the non analyticities in the concurrence between two spins, which was claimed to be accidental, since it had its origin in the optimization involved in the concurrence definition. We show that when one takes in account the effect of the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, even tough the values of the entanglement measure does not change, the origin the the non-analytical behavior changes: it is not due to the optimization process anymore and in this sense it is a "natural" non-analyticity. This is a much more subtle influence of the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking not noticed before. However the non-analytical behavior still suggests a second order quantum phase transition and not the first order that occurs and we explain why. We also show that the value of entanglement between one site and the rest of the chain does change when taking into account the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.
The Clinton health care plan.

The American health care system has the potential to provide every citizen with the best care in the world. Yet the system as currently financed and organized is plagued by two problems: health care costs are increasing at unsustainable rates, and Americans cannot be sure that they will have health care coverage when they need it. We cannot afford four more years of political gridlock on health care. We must reform the health care system so that all American families have access to affordable high-quality health care. My plan offers a framework for this reform, and, as president, I will .
Research Note - A Value-at-Risk Approach to Information Security Investment

Information security investment has been getting increasing attention in recent years. Various methods have been proposed to determine the effective level of security investment. However, traditional expected value methods (such as annual loss expectancy) cannot fully characterize the information security risk confronted by organizations, considering some extremal yet perhaps relatively rare cases in which a security failure may be critical and cause high losses. In this research note we introduce the concept of value-at-risk to measure the risk of daily losses an organization faces due to security exploits and use extreme value analysis to quantitatively estimate the value at risk. We collect a set of internal daily activity data from a large financial institution in the northeast United States and then simulate its daily losses with information based on data snapshots and interviews with security managers at the institution. We illustrate our methods using these simulated daily losses. With this approach, decision makers can make a proper investment choice based on their own risk preference instead of pursuing a solution that minimizes only the expected cost.
Aortic perfusion pressure, protein synthesis, and protein degradation.

An increase in aortic pressure from 60 to 120 mm Hg accelerated protein synthesis and inhibited protein degradation in isolated rat hearts perfused as Langendorff preparations. This elevation of aortic pressure raised intraventricular pressure development, coronary flow, and oxygen consumption. The effect of aortic pressure on protein turnover was dissociated from intraventricular pressure development, contractile activity, and oxygen consumption by use of beating-drained and arrested-drained preparations. Results of other experiments argued against coronary flow as a determinant of rates of protein synthesis and degradation. These results indicated that effects of elevated aortic pressure on protein turnover were caused by stretch of the ventricular wall via its engorgement with blood, the so-called erectile properties of the heart or "garden-hose effect. " These effects on protein turnover may be of importance in initiating hypertrophy of the heart secondary to pressure or volume overload.
Cognition, Function, and Disability in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Review of Longitudinal Studies

This paper aims to review longitudinal studies assessing the impact of cognition on function in patients with schizophrenia. PubMed and Scholars Portal were searched using search terms related to schizophrenia, cognition, function, and longitudinal studies. Some functional abilities have been studied more than others. Some studies suggest that the impact of cognition on function depends on the severity of baseline cognitive deficits. Other studies suggest that the impact of cognition on function depend on what phase of the illness the patient is in or what stage in that particular function the patient is involved in. Finally, few studies assessed interactions between cognition and other aspects of schizophrenia in predicting function, such as functional capacity, insight, motivation, and negative symptoms. More longitudinal and comprehensive studies are needed. A focus on community living is of high public significance as patients with schizophrenia continue to grow old. Future studies should also focus on the longitudinal interactions between cognition and other dimensions of schizophrenia as well as on the biological factors that underlie these interactions.
Fertility preservation in women with vasculitis: experiences from the FertiPROTEKT network.

OBJECTIVES Fertility preservation is not only important for malignant diseases but should also be offered to patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) like vasculitides, prior to cyclophosphamide therapy. No recommendations are available for patients with AID. METHODS Analysis from the Fertiprotekt registry of all female patients with age <40 and the diagnosis of a vasculitis. The number of counselled patients, their diagnosis and age, the number of children before the start of therapy as well as the fertility preservation treatment chosen were evaluated. RESULTS From January 2007 to November 2011, 47 patients with the diagnosis AID were counselled at 17 of the 69 Fertiprotekt centres. 80.9% decided for at least one of the offered preservation methods. Ovarian cryopreservation was performed in 6 patients, 36 patients opted for GnRH-analogue treatment. Two patients decided for a stimulation therapy for cryopreservation of oocytes. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the experiences from the registry and the literature gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues are evaluated best and recommended to most of the patients with AID. Cryoconservation of ovarian tissue is a promising option. Stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation can be offered to patients with vasculitis. A combination of the methods might have the biggest preservative effect.
High sensitivity recording of afferent nerve activity using ultra-compliant microchannel electrodes: an acute in vivo validation

Neuroprostheses interfaced with transected peripheral nerves are technological routes to control robotic limbs as well as convey sensory feedback to patients suffering from traumatic neural injuries or degenerative diseases. To maximize the wealth of data obtained in recordings, interfacing devices are required to have intrafascicular resolution and provide high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) recordings. In this paper, we focus on a possible building block of a three-dimensional regenerative implant: a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel electrode capable of highly sensitive recordings in vivo. The PDMS ‘micro-cuff’ consists of a 3.5 mm long (100 µm × 70 µm cross section) microfluidic channel equipped with five evaporated Ti/Au/Ti electrodes of sub-100 nm thickness. Individual electrodes have average impedance of 640 ± 30 kΩ with a phase angle of −58 ± 1 degrees at 1 kHz and survive demanding mechanical handling such as twisting and bending. In proof-of-principle acute implantation experiments in rats, surgically teased afferent nerve strands from the L5 dorsal root were threaded through the microchannel. Tactile stimulation of the skin was reliably monitored with the three inner electrodes in the device, simultaneously recording signal amplitudes of up to 50 µV under saline immersion. The overall SNR was approximately 4. A small but consistent time lag between the signals arriving at the three electrodes was observed and yields a fibre conduction velocity of 30 m s−1. The fidelity of the recordings was verified by placing the same nerve strand in oil and recording activity with hook electrodes. Our results show that PDMS microchannel electrodes open a promising technological path to 3D regenerative interfaces.
Life-course socioeconomic position and obesity in African American Women: the Pitt County Study.

OBJECTIVES We studied obesity in African American women in relationship to their socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and adulthood. METHODS On the basis of parents' occupation, we classified 679 women in the Pitt County (North Carolina) Study into low and high childhood SEP. Women's education, occupation, employment status, and home ownership were used to classify them into low and high adulthood SEP. Four life-course SEP categories resulted: low childhood/low adulthood, low childhood/high adulthood, high childhood/low adulthood, and high childhood/high adulthood. RESULTS The odds of obesity were twice as high among women from low versus high childhood SEP backgrounds, and 25% higher among women of low versus high adulthood SEP. Compared to that in women of high SEP in both childhood and adulthood, the odds of obesity doubled for low/low SEP women, were 55% higher for low/high SEP women, and were comparable for high/low SEP women. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic deprivation in childhood was a strong predictor of adulthood obesity in this community sample of African American women. Findings are consistent with both critical period and cumulative burden models of life-course socioeconomic deprivation and long-term risk for obesity in African American women.
On Approximate Solutions for Combinatorial Optimization Problems

The usefulness of a special kind of approximability-preserving transformations (called continuous reductions) among combinatorial optimization problems is demonstrated. One common measure for the approximability of an optimization problem is its best performance ratio. This parameter attains the same value for two problems (up to a bounded factor) whenever they are mutually related by continuous reductions. Therefore, lower and upper bounds or gap-theorems valid for a particular problem are transferred along reduction chains. In this paper, continuous reductions are used for the analysis of several basic combinatorial problems including graph coloring, consistent deterministic finite automaton, covering by cliques, covering by complete bipartite subgraphs, independent set, set packing, and others. The results obtained and the methods involved are a contribution towards a systematic classification of NP-complete problems with regard to their approximability.