Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive selection of general amino acid permease mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

It was found that D-stereoisomers of natural amino acids inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Kinetic and genetic evidence showed that d-amino acids enter the cell by the general amino acid permease. Two classes of S. cerevisiae mutants resistant to d-amino acids were isolated. One class of mutants appeared to be defective in the general amino acid permease specified by the gene gap. In the second class, the activity of general amino acid permease was affected by ammonium ions. Mutants of the second class were isolated in a yeast strain with the general amino acid permease insensitive to the presence of ammonium ions in culture media. The mutation affecting the permease, amc, occurred in a locus unlinked to gap.
Suivi tridimensionnel de la main et reconnaissance de gestes pour les Interfaces Homme Machine. (Three-dimensional hand tracking and gesture recognition for human-computer interaction)

L'interpretation automatique de gestes basee sur la vision par ordinateur offre de nouvelles possibilites d'interaction avec l'ordinateur, plus naturelles et intuitives qu'avec les peripheriques classiques. Cependant, le canal gestuel est un moyen de communication particulierement riche et la main un objet articule complexe. Ainsi, l'interaction homme-machine gestuelle constitue un axe de recherche particulierement actif avec un potentiel applicatif important. Dans ce contexte, notre travail a consiste a remplacer le fonctionnement d'un ecran tactile par un systeme de vision stereoscopique avec deux cameras. Ainsi, le probleme fondamental a consiste a suivre, en temps reel, le mouvement de la main et des doigts a partir de leurs projections dans les images, avant d'en reconnaitre la posture. Les contraintes industrielles qui ont guide nos travaux nous ont oriente vers une approche par apparence, avec des hypotheses reduites afin que le systeme soit peu contraignant pour l'utilisateur. Les differentes etapes abordees concernent la detection de la main basee sur la couleur de peau, l'extraction de caracteristiques invariantes, la comparaison de descripteurs de forme pour la reconnaissance de postures 2D, et le suivi 3D du mouvement des doigts et de la main avec un modele squelettique. Les algorithmes ont ete evalues a l'aide d'une base originale de videos stereoscopiques, montrant l'amelioration notable des solutions proposees. La robustesse du systeme a egalement ete confrontee aux conditions reelles d'une demonstration publique.
Direct observation of R-loop formation by single RNA-guided Cas9 and Cascade effector complexes

Significance Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems provide adaptive immunity for bacteria and archaea. They use a protein complex that targets invading nucleic acids using a bound RNA that hybridizes to complementary sequence stretches. On DNA targets, the resulting structure is an R-loop. By twisting single DNA molecules, we can directly observe R-loop formation and dissociation in two distinct types of CRISPR-Cas system. This allows us to investigate the role of different elements of the target sequence. Whereas upstream elements control the actual R-loop formation, downstream elements ensure R-loop stability, suggesting a directional R-loop formation. This provides insight into the recognition process by these enzymes, which is the crucial step to understand targeting in the rapidly emerging genetic engineering applications of CRISPR-Cas systems. Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems protect bacteria and archaea from infection by viruses and plasmids. Central to this defense is a ribonucleoprotein complex that produces RNA-guided cleavage of foreign nucleic acids. In DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems, the RNA component of the complex encodes target recognition by forming a site-specific hybrid (R-loop) with its complement (protospacer) on an invading DNA while displacing the noncomplementary strand. Subsequently, the R-loop structure triggers DNA degradation. Although these reactions have been reconstituted, the exact mechanism of R-loop formation has not been fully resolved. Here, we use single-molecule DNA supercoiling to directly observe and quantify the dynamics of torque-dependent R-loop formation and dissociation for both Cascade- and Cas9-based CRISPR-Cas systems. We find that the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) affects primarily the R-loop association rates, whereas protospacer elements distal to the PAM affect primarily R-loop stability. Furthermore, Cascade has higher torque stability than Cas9 by using a conformational locking step. Our data provide direct evidence for directional R-loop formation, starting from PAM recognition and expanding toward the distal protospacer end. Moreover, we introduce DNA supercoiling as a quantitative tool to explore the sequence requirements and promiscuities of orthogonal CRISPR-Cas systems in rapidly emerging gene-targeting applications.
An online probabilistic road intersection detector

In this paper we propose a probabilistic approach for detecting and classifying urban road intersections from a moving vehicle. The approach is based on images from an onboard stereo rig; it relies on the detection of the road ground plane on one side, and on a pixel-level classification of the road on the other. The two processing pipelines are then integrated and the parameters of the road components, i.e., the intersection geometry, are inferred. As opposed to other state-of-the-art offline methods, which require processing of the whole video sequence, our approach integrates the image data by means of an online procedure. The experiments have been performed on well-known KITTI datasets, allowing for future comparisons.
IL1RN coding variant is associated with lower risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome and increased plasma IL-1 receptor antagonist.

RATIONALE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) behaves as a complex genetic trait, yet knowledge of genetic susceptibility factors remains incomplete. OBJECTIVES To identify genetic risk variants for ARDS using large scale genotyping. METHODS A multistage genetic association study was conducted of three critically ill populations phenotyped for ARDS. Stage I, a trauma cohort study (n = 224), was genotyped with a 50K gene-centric single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. We tested SNPs associated with ARDS at P < 5 × 10(-4) for replication in stage II, a trauma case-control population (n = 778). SNPs replicating their association in stage II (P < 0.005) were tested in a stage III nested case-control population of mixed subjects in the intensive care unit (n = 2,063). Logistic regression was used to adjust for potential clinical confounders. We performed ELISA to test for an association between ARDS-associated genotype and plasma protein levels. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 12 SNPs met the stage I threshold for an association with ARDS. rs315952 in the IL1RN gene encoding IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) replicated its association with reduced ARDS risk in stages II (P < 0.004) and III (P < 0.02), and was robust to clinical adjustment (combined odds ratio = 0.81; P = 4.2 × 10(-5)). Plasma IL1RA level was associated with rs315952C in a subset of critically ill subjects. The effect of rs315952 was independent from the tandem repeat variant in IL1RN. CONCLUSIONS The IL1RN SNP rs315952C is associated with decreased risk of ARDS in three populations with heterogeneous ARDS risk factors, and with increased plasma IL1RA response. IL1RA may attenuate ARDS risk.
E-shaped slot antenna backed with substrate integrated waveguide cavity for 60GHZ applications

Substrate integrated waveguide is good resolution for implementing for high frequency applications. In this paper, we represented SIW backed with cavity bowtie antenna which is intended by using Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 with dielectric constant 2.2. CST software is used to simulate the proposed antenna and observed the results like reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain and radiation patterns. This structure will provide 3.52 GHz impedance bandwidth with respect to −10 dB reference line, resonant frequency is 60GHz and preserves 51.14% impedance bandwidth in between 57–64 GHz.
Processing the therapeutic relationship

Abstract The authors propose that if therapists and clients process their therapeutic relationship (i.e., directly address in the here and now feelings about each other and about the inevitable problems that emerge in the therapy relationship), feelings will be expressed and accepted, problems will be resolved, the relationship will be enhanced, and clients will transfer their learning to other relationships outside of therapy. The authors review theories supporting the idea of processing the therapeutic relationship, discuss the relevant empirical literature in this area, and provide their conceptualization of the construct of processing the therapeutic relationship based on the theory and empirical findings. Finally, they discuss methodological concerns and suggest implications for clinical practice, training, and further research.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and the incidence and mortality of cancer: a meta‐analysis

As there are conflicting reports regarding the association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and cancer incidence and mortality, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether OSA is independently associated with cancer incidence and mortality. Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched up until November 2014. Studies that assessed OSA and the future risk of cancer incidence or mortality were included. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the polysomnographic variable, apnoea-hypopnoea index. Six studies, which involved 114 105 participants, were pooled in this meta-analysis. Fixed-effects analysis showed the pooled adjusted HR of cancer incidence as 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74-1.13; P = 0.408) for mild OSA, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.86-1.33; P = 0.552) for moderate OSA and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.85-1.26; P = 0.743) for severe OSA. Random-effects analysis demonstrated neither mild OSA (adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.46-1.34; P = 0.381), moderate OSA (adjusted HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.63-5.88; P = 0.251) nor severe OSA (adjusted HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.45-9.81; P = 0.349) correlated with cancer mortality. This meta-analysis indicates that OSA is not independently associated with cancer incidence and mortality according to currently available data. Additional experimental and human research is required to determine the exact association between OSA and cancer.
Grid performance prediction using state‐space model

One of the main challenges of scheduling algorithms in Grid environment is the autonomy of sites, which makes it difficult for the grid scheduler to estimate the exact cost of a task execution on different sites. In this paper, we present a solution for this problem based on data history (workload traces) and time series techniques. The main focus of this work is devoted to forecasting the task waiting time in a resource queue, which is under the control of a local scheduler with distinctive scheduling policy. The main contribution of this work is the consideration of a special property of the grid resources, the dynamic membership, i.e. a resource may exit and then come back to the grid environment repeatedly. When the resource belongs to the grid environment, its workload trace (log file) is considered as a correct log. On the other hand, when the resource leaves the grid, the log file during this period is considered as a defective part of the trace. As the defective parts contain some useful information, after repairing these defective parts, they can be used for forecasting purposes. Of this, we employ state‐space model along with the associated Kalman recursions in conjunction with the Expectation‐Maximization algorithm to repair the defective waiting time series such as a correct log file by which the resource seems never to have left the grid. The experimental results on a number of workload logs demonstrated that this approach can achieve an average prediction error, between 22 and 64% less than those incurred by other rival methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land Geophysical Parameters Retrieval Using the Interference Pattern GNSS-R Technique

In the past years, the scientific community has placed a special interest in remotely sensing soil moisture and vegetation parameters. Radiometry and radar techniques have been widely used for years. Global Navigation Satellite Systems opportunity signals Reflected (GNSS-R) over the earth's surface are younger, but they have already shown their potential to perform these observations. This paper presents a GNSS-R technique, based on Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, that allows the retrieval of several geophysical parameters from land surfaces. This technique measures the power of the interference signal between the direct GPS signal and the reflected one after scattering over the land, so it is called Interference Pattern Technique (IPT). This paper presents the results obtained after applying the IPT for topography, soil moisture, and vegetation height retrievals over vegetation-covered soils.
Visceral fat is a negative predictor of bone density measures in obese adolescent girls.

CONTEXT Regional fat is increasingly recognized as a determinant of bone mineral density (BMD), an association that may be mediated by adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, and inflammatory fat products. Chronic inflammation is deleterious to bone, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) predicts inflammatory markers such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin, whereas sc adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT predict IL-6 in adolescents. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine associations of regional fat mass and adipokines with BMD. We hypothesized that girls with greater VAT relative to SAT would have lower bone density mediated by inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, and leptin. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted at a clinical research center. SUBJECTS SUBJECTS included 30 girls (15 obese, 15 normal weight) 12-18 yr old, matched for maturity (bone age), race, and ethnicity. OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed regional fat (SAT, VAT) using magnetic resonance imaging, total fat, and BMD using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin were obtained. RESULTS Mean body mass index sd score was 3.7 +/- 1.5 in obese subjects and 0.1 +/- 0.4 kg/m(2) in controls. VAT was a negative predictor of spine BMD and bone mineral apparent density, whole-body BMD and bone mineral content/height in obese girls and whole-body BMD and bone mineral content/height for the group as a whole after controlling for SAT, as was the ratio of VAT to SAT. In a regression model that included VAT/SAT, adipokines, and cytokines, E-selectin and adiponectin were negative predictors of BMD and leptin a positive predictor. CONCLUSION VAT is an independent inverse determinant of bone density in obesity. This association may be mediated by adipokines and a chronic inflammatory state.
Politiques publiques et gaz à effet de serre

Sujet d’engagements successifs contractes par le gouvernement francais depuis le debut des annees 2000, le changement climatique en cours interpelle de nombreux acteurs, au premier rang desquels se situent les collectivites locales. Si l’Etat et la legislation ne leur montrent pas toujours la voie avec force ni clarte, les elus locaux ont su s’emparer eux-memes de la question, certains de facon opportuniste, d’autres, nombreux, avec sincerite. S’engageant plus volontiers dans l’attenuation que dans l’adaptation, les collectivites inventent ainsi depuis quelques annees de nouveaux modes d’action et de decision plus partenariaux, plus participatifs. Parallelement, elles sont le lieu d’un renouveau des modes de vie et des formes urbaines, qui semblent redonner de la valeur au vivre ensemble, ou au collectif, a rebours de la dynamique individualiste qui a prevalu ces dernieres decennies.
Studies of tracking behavior; rate and time characteristics of simple corrective movements.

"Using a simple test apparatus, Ss were required to make arm-hand corrective movements of five to 80 millimeters in extent. " The results show that: "1. The maximum rate and average rate of a movement increase systematically with increasing extent of movement. The relation is approximately linear in most cases… . Reaction times are relatively independent of the distance to be moved. 2. In the situations studied, rates are highest for movements from left to right and are successively lower for forward, left, and backward movements. 3… . For movements of comparable distance in each case, rates at the pointer are slightly lower, and rates at the hand are higher at the 3:1 than at the 1:1 ratio [of control sensitivity]. In general, the operator tends to compensate for the change in sensitivity in such a way as to produce nearly the same perceived result with respect to both rate and accuracy. 4. The addition of an appreciable amount of inertia to the control knob causes the rate to be decreased for given distances of movement and the precision to be slightly improved. With additional friction… the responses are speeded up and precision is definitely lower than when minimum friction is present… . " (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Ultrastructure of human and monkey lamina cribrosa and optic nerve head.

Fenestrated connective tissue sheets, derived from the sclera as meridional extensions, form the main support for the posterior portion of the lamina cribrosa. The sheets consist of a dense collagenous tissue, often with elastic fibers, and in monkeys with pigment cells. Astrocytes fill the spaces between successive sheets and line the rim of each fenestration. Anteriorly, at the level of the choroid, the connective tissue elements disappear and the lamina cribrosa becomes entirely glial. The anterior portion of the lamina cribrosa is an extensive structure that occupies virtually the entire optic nerve head and accounts for much of its volume. The astrocytes are modified in arrangement and internal structure, reflecting their function of supporting the unmyelinated nerve fibers as they make a 90° turn. The disc capillaries are enclosed within the glial framework, but whether the astrocytes are an important part of the nutritional pathway to visual axons is not known.
A method of estimating crop acreage in large-scale by unmixing of MODIS data

Crop acreage monitoring is basic information necessary for wise management of plant natural resources. Recent developments in remote sensing technologies have created promising opportunities for improving agricultural statistics systems. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one detector board on Terra's (EOS-AM1), which was lunched on December 18, 1999 by NASA. It offers a unique combination of spectral, temporal, and spatial resolution compared to previous global sensors, making it a good candidate for large-scale crop acreage estimating. However, because of subpixel heterogeneity, the application of traditional hard classification approaches to MODIS data may result in significant errors in crop area estimation, especially in China. This paper developed and tested an unmixing approach with MODIS data that estimates subpixel fractions of crop area based on the temporal signature of reflectance throughout the growing season. A zone that can get LANDSAT/TM data was chosen to be train dataset in this method. The paper assumes that the crop area estimating from LANDSAT/TM data is correct; in the training zone the crop area based on MODIS data can get from the classification result of LANDSAT/TM data. Then we can extend the result to a large-scale; finally we compare the result to national statistic data. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of subpixel heterogeneity in cropland systems, and the potential of temporal unmixing to provide accurate and rapid assessments of crop distributions using MODIS data. I INTRODUCTION
Effect of Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Interventions

CRD summary The review concluded that pedometers had a moderate positive effect on physical activity of approximately 2,000 steps per day compared with comparator. There were greater effects in females and the intervention strategy of 10,000 steps/day as a goal. Given uncertain quality of the included studies and a lack of study detail, caution is required when interpreting the authors’ conclusions.
Economie du droit du divorce

Le chapitre traite de l'economie du droit du divorce en abordant, dans une premiere partie, la question de savoir si, theoriquement, le droit du mariage est economiquement justifie et, dans une seconde partie, la question de savoirs si, empiriquement, le droit du divorce est neutre.
Antigenicity of Mycoplasmatales.

Consideration of mycoplasmas as agents of disease necessitates consideration of their antigens, the antibodies generated by the host against these antigens, and the interaction between the antigens and antibodies both in vitro and in vivo. Mycoplasmas, unlike bacteria, are devoid of a rigid cell wall, do not possess flagella or a capsule, and possess fewer enzymes; they, thus, present a less complicated antigenic picture than bacteria. However, the absence of certain of these features may be disadvantageous in some cases and present more challenges in the in-vitro detection of the mycoplasmal antigens and antibodies. For example, the lack of a carbohydrate capsule like that of the pneumococci eliminates the detection of specific soluble carbohydrates in body fluids before culture of the infecting organisms from the host. The lack of flagella eliminates a simple means of definitive identification of strains and species as is done with Salmonella. Possibly