Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La Ley de Asistencia y Prevención de la Violencia Familiar para el Distrito Federal: comentarios en torno al contenido de sus reformas.

EL ARTICULO EXAMINA, A LA LUZ DE LA INSTITUCION DE LA REELECCION PRESIDENCIAL INMEDIATA QUE INTRODUJO LA CONSTITUCION PERUANA DE 1993 Y DE LA TEORIA CONSTITUCIONAL CONTEMPORANEA, LAS MUY DIVERSAS CUESTIONES POLITICO-CONSTITUCIONALES QUE SE HAN SUSCITADO EN PERU CON MOTIVO DE LA REELECCION DEL PRESIDENTE FUJIMORI EN 1995, Y QUE SE HAN RENOVADO EN EL PROCESO ELECTORAL DE 2000. DURANTE EL DEBATE SOBRE LA INTERPRETACION DE DICHA INSTITUCION SE PLANTEARON CUESTIONES TALES COMO LA APLICACION EN EL TIEMPO DE LA CONSTITUCION; LAS FACULTADES DE UN ORGANO LEGISLATIVO PARA EXPEDIR LEYES DE ”INTERPRETACION AUTENTICA” DE LA CONSTITUCION; EL ALCANCE DE LAS RESOLUCIONES Y VOTACIONES DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL; Y LAS FACULTADES DE CONTROL CONSTITUCIONAL DEL JURADO NACIONAL DE ELECCIONES, ENTRE OTRAS. ADEMAS DE EJEMPLIFICAR LA PROBLEMATICA GENERAL DE LA REELECCION EN AMERICA LATINA, EL TRABAJO MUESTRA LOS OBSTACULOS DE ORDEN POLITICO QUE TODAVIA ENFRENTA LA VIGENCIA PLENA DE UNA CONSTITUCION EN NUESTRA REGION, ESTO ES, LAS PRESIONES QUE SE EJERCEN SOBRE LOS ORGANOS DEL ESTADO PARA QUE ESTOS ENCUENTREN SOLUCIONES JURIDICAS FAVORABLES AL REGIMEN AUTORITARIO, AUN CUANDO EVADAN EL ESPIRITU, SI NO ES QUE LA LETRA, DE LA PROPIA CONSTITUCION. Abstract THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES, UNDER THE LIGHT OF THE INSTITUTION OF IMMEDIA-TE PRESIDENTIAL REELECTION INTRODUCED BY THE PERUVIAN CONSTITUTION OF 1993 AND CONTEMPORARY CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY, THE VERY DIVERSE POLITICAL AND CONSTITU-TIONAL ISSUES RAISED IN PERU BY THE RE-ELECTION OF PRESIDENT FUJIMORI EN 1995, AND RENEWED DURING THE ELECTORAL PROCESS OF 2000. DURING THE DEBATE ON THE INTERPRETATION OF THIS INSTITUTION, A FEW ISSUES LIKE THE FOLLOWING WERE RAISED: THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTI-TUTION IN THE DIMENSION OF TIME; THE POWERS OF THE LEGISLATURE TO PASS LAWS REGARDING THE ”AUTHENTIC INTERPRETATION” OF THE CONSTITUTION; THE SCOPE OF THE DETERMINATIONS AND THE VOTING PROCEDURES OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT; THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROL POWERS
Importance of RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Renal Failure) and AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) in Hemodialysis Initiation and Intensive Care Unit Mortality

Our study evaluated the differences between early and late hemodialysis (HD) initiation in the intensive care unit (ICU) according to the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal failure) and AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) classifications. On the assumption that early initiation of HD in critical patients according to the RIFLE and AKIN criteria decreases mortality, we retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 68 patients in our medical ICU and divided the patients into 2 groups: Those undergoing HD in no risk, risk, or injury stage according to RIFLE and in stage 0, I, or II according to AKIN were defined as early HD and those in failure stage according to RIFLE and in stage III according to AKIN were defined as late HD. The median age of the patients was 66.5 years, and 56.5% were male. HD was started in 25% and 39.7% of the patients in the early stage in the RIFLE and AKIN classification, respectively. According to RIFLE, HD was started in 61.5% of the surviving patients in the early stage; this rate was 16.4% in the deceased patients (P=0.001). HD was commenced in 69.2% of the surviving patients in AKIN stages 0, I, and II and in 32.7% of the deceased patients (P=0.026). Sepsis (61.5% vs. 94.5%; P=0.001) and mechanical ventilation (30.8% vs. 87.3%; P<0.001) during HD increased ICU mortality, whereas HD initiation in the early stages according to RIFLE decreased ICU mortality (61.5% vs. 16.4%; P=0.001). In conclusion, in critically ill patients, HD initiation in the early stages according to the RIFLE classification decreased our ICU mortality.
Prevalence and predictors of chronic lower genital tract discomfort.

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the prevalence of chronic lower genital tract discomfort in the general population and to identify demographic and reproductive characteristics associated with this disorder. STUDY DESIGN We surveyed a random sample of 480 women (age range, 20 to 59 years; 60 women for each 5-year age category) from 1 Boston area suburban community. Participants were asked to complete a 1-page self-administered optically scannable questionnaire that pertained to current and previous genital tract discomfort. RESULTS After 2 mailings and 1 telephone follow-up, as well as the elimination of 42 ineligible women, 303 (70%) questionnaires were returned. Fifty-six women (18.5%) reported a history of lower genital tract discomfort that persisted for >3 months. Approximately 12% reported a history of chronic knife-like or excessive pain on contact to the genital area, whereas 6.6% experienced persistent lower genital tract itching or burning. Women who reported their age at menarche to be <or=11 years old were more than twice as likely to report a history of chronic lower genital tract discomfort compared with women who began menses at age 12 or later (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.8). Reported pain at the time of first use of tampons was associated with an increased risk of chronic lower genital tract discomfort later in life (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.9). CONCLUSIONS We have shown that women from the general population are willing to provide sensitive information on lower genital tract discomfort-a first step toward bringing notice to this understudied disorder. In addition, our data support the theory that vulvar trauma in early life may influence or serve as a marker for risk of subsequent chronic vulvar disorders.
Oligopeptide Uptake by Bacteroides ruminicola

Bacteroides ruminicola did not take up 14C from exogenous 14C-labeled l-proline or 14C-labeled l-glutamic acid and took up very little 14C from exogenous 14C-labeled l-valine. Growing cultures of B. ruminicola rapidly took up 14C from 14C-proline-labeled peptides of molecular weights up to 2,000 and incorporated it into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell material. Uptake and incorporation did not occur at 0 C and were reduced or eliminated in glucose-starved cells, depending upon the length of time the cells were starved. The initial rate of uptake of peptides seemed to exhibit saturation kinetics, but it was impossible to establish this conclusively. The initial uptake of 14C from peptides was not affected by chloramphenicol but the incorporation of it into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell material was virtually eliminated. Only moderate amounts of trichloroacetic acid-extractable, labeled material were present in cells during peptide uptake, whether or not chloramphenicol was present. 14C-proline was rapidly released from labeled peptides during uptake, whether or not chloramphenicol was present. The amount of 14C fixed into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell material was directly related to the size of peptides originally supplied in the medium. It is concluded that B. ruminicola possesses a general system for the uptake of peptides, that peptides are rapidly hydrolyzed during or after uptake, and that oligopeptides function only to supply amino acids in a form available to the organism.
Growth hormone (GH) status is an independent determinant of serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in healthy adults

Both severe growth hormone (GH) deficiency in hypopituitary adults and physiological ageing are associated with an increase in fat mass, dyslipidaemia, and an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Ageing is also associated with a physiological decrease in spontaneous as well as stimulated GH secretion. We wished to evaluate the effects of endogenous GH status on circulating lipoproteins.
Factors Influencing Prostate Cancer Screening in Low-Income African Americans in Tennessee

This study examined demographic and lifestyle factors that influenced decisions to get screened for prostate cancer in low-income African Americans in three urban Tennessee cities. It also examined obstacles to getting screened. As part of the Meharry Community Networks Program (CNP) needs assessment, a 123-item community survey was administered to assess demographic characteristics, health care access and utilization, and screening practices for various cancers in low-income African Americans. For this study, only African American men 45 years and older (n=293) were selected from the Meharry CNP community survey database. Participants from Nashville, those who were older, obese, and who had health insurance were more likely to have been screened (p<.05). Additionally, there were associations between obstacles to screening (such as cost and transportation) and geographic region (p<.05). Educational interventions aimed at improving prostate cancer knowledge and screening rates should incorporate information about obstacles to and predictors of screening.
Cognitive–emotional hyperarousal in the offspring of parents vulnerable to insomnia: a nuclear family study

Cognitive–emotional hyperarousal is believed to be a predisposing factor for insomnia; however, there is limited information on the association of familial vulnerability to insomnia and cognitive–emotional hyperarousal. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of stress‐related insomnia and examine whether parental vulnerability to stress‐related insomnia is associated with cognitive–emotional hyperarousal in their offspring. We studied a volunteer sample of 135 nuclear families comprised of 270 middle‐aged (51.5 ± 5.4 years) fathers and mothers and one of their biological offspring (n = 135, 20.2 ± 1.1 years). We measured vulnerability to stress‐related insomnia (i.e. Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test: FIRST), perceived stress, depression and anxiety in all participants, and arousability, presleep cognitive and somatic arousal, coping and personality in the offspring. We found a heritability estimate of 29% for FIRST scores. High FIRST parents had three to seven times the odds of having offspring highly vulnerable to stress‐related insomnia. Offspring of high FIRST parents showed higher arousability, presleep cognitive arousal and emotion‐oriented coping. Furthermore, high FIRST mothers contributed to offspring's higher anxiety and lower task‐oriented coping, while high FIRST fathers contributed to offspring's higher presleep somatic arousal and conscientiousness. Vulnerability to stress‐related insomnia is significantly heritable. Parents vulnerable to stress‐related insomnia have offspring with cognitive–emotional hyperarousal who rely upon emotion‐oriented coping. These data give support to the notion that arousability and maladaptive coping are key factors in the aetiology of insomnia.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with developing heart failure: comparative effects on left ventricular function and geometry.

The progression of congestive heart failure (CHF) is left ventricular (LV) myocardial remodeling. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tissue remodeling and therefore MMP inhibition may serve as a useful therapeutic target in CHF. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition favorably affects LV myocardial remodeling in CHF. This study examined the effects of specific MMP inhibition, ACE inhibition, and combined treatment on LV systolic and diastolic function in a model of CHF. Pigs were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) rapid atrial pacing (240 beats/min) for 3 weeks (n = 8); 2) ACE inhibition (fosinopril, 2.5 mg/kg b.i.d. orally) and rapid pacing (n = 8); 3) MMP inhibition (PD166793 2 mg/kg/day p.o.) and rapid pacing (n = 8); 4) combined ACE and MMP inhibition (2.5 mg/kg b.i.d. and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively) and rapid pacing (n = 8); and 5) controls (n = 9). LV peak wall stress increased by 2-fold with rapid pacing and was reduced in all treatment groups. LV fractional shortening fell by nearly 2-fold with rapid pacing and increased in all treatment groups. The circumferential fiber shortening-systolic stress relation was reduced with rapid pacing and increased in the ACE inhibition and combination groups. LV myocardial stiffness constant was unchanged in the rapid pacing group, increased nearly 2-fold in the MMP inhibition group, and was normalized in the ACE inhibition and combination treatment groups. Increased MMP activation contributes to the LV dilation and increased wall stress with pacing CHF and a contributory downstream mechanism of ACE inhibition is an effect on MMP activity.
Microarray analysis of homocysteine‐responsive genes in cardiac neural crest cells in vitro

The amino acid homocysteine increases in the serum when there is insufficient folic acid or vitamin B12, or with certain mutations in enzymes important in methionine metabolism. Elevated homocysteine is related to increased risk for cardiovascular and other diseases in adults and elevated maternal homocysteine increases the risk for certain congenital defects, especially those that result from abnormal development of the neural crest and neural tube. Experiments with the avian embryo model have shown that elevated homocysteine perturbs neural crest/neural tube migration in vitro and in vivo. Whereas there have been numerous studies of homocysteine‐induced changes in gene expression in adult cells, there is no previous report of a homocysteine‐responsive transcriptome in the embryonic neural crest. We treated neural crest cells in vitro with exogenous homocysteine in a protocol that induces significant changes in neural crest cell migration. We used microarray analysis and expression profiling to identify 65 transcripts of genes of known function that were altered by homocysteine. The largest set of effected genes (19) included those with a role in cell migration and adhesion. Other major groups were genes involved in metabolism (13); DNA/RNA interaction (11); cell proliferation/apoptosis (10); and transporter/receptor (6). Although the genes identified in this experiment were consistent with prior observations of the effect of homocysteine upon neural crest cell function, none had been identified previously as response to homocysteine in adult cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:1044–1054, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Detection of Cytauxzoon spp. in Asymptomatic Brazilian Wild Captive Felids

Cytauxzoon spp. DNA was detected for the first time in blood samples from asymptomatic Brazilian wild captive felids. In 2006, 72 EDTA blood samples from seven wild felids species: Puma concolor (puma), Leopardus pardalis (ocelot), Puma yagouaroundi (jaguarundi), Leopardus wiedii (margay), Leopardus tigrinus (little spotted cat), Oncifelis colocolo (pampas cat) and Panthera onca (jaguar) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to amplify the 18S rRNA gene segment in order to verify the presence of Cytauxzoon spp. DNA. Nine samples were positive: six ocelots, two pumas, and one jaguar. In Brazil, wild felids may be natural reservoirs for Cytauxzoon spp.
Electronics in Automotive Engineering: A Top–Down Approach for Implementing Industrial Fieldbus Technologies in City Buses and Coaches

The electrical circuits and their electronic control units in city buses and coaches are essential for good performance. Drive, braking, suspension, door opening, security, and communication devices must be integrated in a reliable and real-time information system. The industrial communication networks or fieldbuses are a good solution to implement networked control systems for the onboard electronics in the public transport buses and coaches. Also, this trend of automotive electronics is being encouraged in the current European Union Framework Program (FP) (seventh FP), which is devoted to intelligent transportation systems, for facing the world's new challenges in environmental care and efficient fuel consumption among others. The authors are working in the design of multiplexed solutions based on fieldbuses to integrate the body and chassis functions of city public transport buses. An example for the EURO5 model of the Scania manufacturer is reported in this paper.
Fluorescent Reporter Proteins for the Tonoplast and the Vacuolar Lumen Identify a Single Vacuolar Compartment in Arabidopsis Cells1[W]

We generated fusions between three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs; α-, γ-, and δ-TIP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). We also produced soluble reporters consisting of the monomeric red fluorescent protein (RFP) and either the C-terminal vacuolar sorting signal of phaseolin or the sequence-specific sorting signal of proricin. In transgenic Arabidopsis leaves, mature roots, and root tips, all TIP fusions localized to the tonoplast of the central vacuole and both of the lumenal RFP reporters were found within TIP-delimited vacuoles. In embryos from developing, mature, and germinating seeds, all three TIPs localized to the tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles. To determine the temporal TIP expression patterns and to rule out mistargeting due to overexpression, we generated plants expressing YFP fused to the complete genomic sequences of the three TIP isoforms. In transgenic Arabidopsis, γ-TIP expression was limited to vegetative tissues, but specifically excluded from root tips, whereas α-TIP was exclusively expressed during seed maturation. δ-TIP was expressed in vegetative tissues, but not root tips, at a later stage than γ-TIP. Our findings indicate that, in the Arabidopsis tissues analyzed, two different vacuolar sorting signals target soluble proteins to a single vacuolar location. Moreover, TIP isoform distribution is tissue and development specific, rather than organelle specific.
Twins and socioeconomic factors: changes in the last 20 years

Abstract Background: Socioeconomic factors associated with twins/multiples have been sparsely studied. Methods: Data, regarding twin out of total births from 1996 to 2015, were extracted from databases of the Hellenic Statistical Authority and analyzed. Results: Twinning rate in Greece has increased from 1996 and onwards, in parallel with advanced maternal age and decline in total births. Higher twin rates are associated with higher maternal education, better paid parental occupations, and thus wealthier families, married maternal status, while immigrants present a lower twinning rate than Greeks. Lastly, the years of the economic crisis, starting in the year 2008 and still continuing, are characterized by a higher percentage of twins. Conclusions: Our findings should be mainly attributed to the postponement of fertility, as well as the treatment of infertility with transfer of multiple embryos, when assisted reproductive technologies are applied.
8‐Methoxypsoralen induced mutations are highly targeted at crosslinkable sites of photoaddition on the non‐transcribed strand of a mammalian chromosomal gene.

We have determined the mutational specificity of 8‐methoxypsoralen photoaddition at the endogenous adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells hemizygous for this locus. In addition, the distribution of 8‐methoxypsoralen photo‐adducts was resolved in vitro at the DNA sequence level, and compared with the observed site specificity for mutation. Among 27 mutants characterized, all were single base changes at AT base pairs: 16 A:T‐‐>T:A, six A:T‐‐>C:G, four A:T‐‐>G:C and one ‐T frameshift. All these vents were targeted to potential sites of photoaddition. The vast majority of these sites were also detectable in vitro, suggesting that 8‐methoxypsoralen plus UVA‐induced mutational hotspots may be damage hotspots. Furthermore 26/27 mutations occurred at crosslinkable 5′TpA sites, supporting the notion that 8‐methoxypsoralen biadducts rather than monoadducts are major premutagenic lesions in mammalian cells. Since 90% of our mutation collection could have resulted from damage on the non‐transcribed strand, it appears that photoadducted thymine residues on the transcribed strand of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene may be preferentially repaired. We therefore suggest a model for mutagenesis, induced by psoralen biadducts, based on the preferential incision of biadducts followed by translesion synthesis past modified T bases persisting on the non‐transcribed strand.
Digital image processing through parallel computing in single-core and multi-core systems using MATLAB

Matlab by default is a single threaded application. so the single thread uses just one core irrespective of how many cores are available to run any simulation. Data analysis and visualization tool which has been designed with powerful support for matrices and matrix operations. when we talk here about digital image processing we basically refer to how we change the nature of the image either to improve its pictorial representation for better human understanding or to more suitable for machine interpretation. huge matrix calculations take place in matrix pixels, all these calculations are done in single core. here, we talk about three major digital image processing features provided by Matlab and how parallel computing feature provided by matlab helps its computational speed by decreasing the time of it execution. we compare matlab's performance on different systems using different number of cores. Overall the parallel computing tool in matlab helps in solving computationally intensive and data-intensive problems with much more ease and efficiency with regards to time.
Fast Algorithms for FBMC and GFDM in Dynamic Spectrum Access

Dynamic spectrum access or cognitive radio is widely recognized as a major technology in the coming 5G communications to greatly increase spectral efficiency. In cognitive radio, different networks#x002F;systems may dynamically share some spectrum to achieve the maximum overall capacity. Each network#x002F;system may just use a few subcarriers or a few non-contiguous frequencies at a given time. It is very challenging to design the waveform to effectively use the fragmented spectrum with high flexibility for dynamical change. Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) are regarded as good candidates for the waveform at such situations. In this paper, we propose fast algorithms to implement the FBMC and GFDM when a number of cognitive radio users sharing the same spectrum. The major contributions are as follows. (1) We use the "sparse" property of the user's spectrum to reduce the sampling rate and complexity in the discrete time implementation; (2) We propose fast algorithms for computing the special Fourier transform, which reduce the complexity by nearly half.