Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision Rule for Investment in Frameworks of Reuse

Reuse helps to decrease development time, code errors, and code units. Therefore, it serves to improve quality and productivity frameworks in software development. The question is not HOW to make the code reusable, but WHICH amount of software components would be most beneficial, that is, cost-effective in terms of reuse, and WHAT method should be used to decide whether to make a component reusable or not. If we had unlimited time and resources, we could write any code unit in a reusable way. In other words, its reusability would be 100%. However, in real life, resources are limited and there are clear deadlines to be met. Given these constraints, decisions regarding reusability are not always straightforward. The current research focuses on decision-making rules for investing in reuse frameworks. It attempts to determine the parameters, which should be taken into account in decisions relating to degrees of reusability. Two new models are presented for decision-making relating to reusability: (i) a restricted model and (ii) a non-restricted model. Decisions made by using these models are then analyzed and discussed.
Production of Polyclonal Antibody against Domain 4 of Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis in Laboratory Animals

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A Three-Phase Interleaved Floating Output Boost Converter

High step-up dc-dc converter is an essential part in several renewable energy systems. In this paper, a new topology of step-up dc-dc converter based on interleaved structure is proposed. The proposed converter uses three energy storing capacitors to achieve a high voltage gain. Besides the high voltage gain feature, the proposed converter also reduces the voltage stress across the semiconductor switches. This helps in using low rating switching devices which can reduce the overall size and cost of the converter. The operating principle of the proposed converter is discussed in detail and its principle waveforms are analyzed. An experiment is carried out on a 20 V input, 130 V output, and 21 W power prototype of the proposed converter in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter. An efficiency of 91.3% is achieved at the rated load.
Antiretroviral Therapy for Asymptomatic Adults and Adolescents with HIV-1 Infection and CD4 + T-Cell Counts ≥500 Cells/μL: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

As a result of antiretroviral therapy’s (ART) clinical benefit in individuals infected with HIV-1 and its impact on the risk of HIV transmission, several HIV treatment guidelines committees have recommended initiating ART at earlier stages of HIV infection and at higher CD4 cell counts [1,2]. As early as 2014, the International Antiviral Society – USA [1] and the United States Department of Health and Human Services [3] recommend starting ART as close to diagnosis as possible without regard to clinical symptoms or degree of immune dysfunction. In contrast the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines did not recommend starting all patients on HIV regardless of clinical signs and symptoms or CD4 cell level prior to September 2015 and restricted starting therapy to patients with fewer than 500 CD4 cells/μL or those with concurrent tuberculosis, advanced HIV disease (stage 3 or 4), pregnancy, age <5 years, concurrent hepatitis B virus infection with severe liver disease or an HIV-infected person in a serodiscordant partnership [2,4,5]. The European AIDS Clinical Society and British HIV Association’s guidelines did not broaden to recommend treating all patients until 2015 [6].
Effect of Data Assimilation Using WRF-3DVAR for Heavy Rain Prediction on the Northeastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau

The numerical weather prediction (NWP) is gaining more attention in providing high-resolution rainfall forecasts in the arid and semiarid region. However, the modeling accuracy is negatively affected by errors in the initial conditions. Here we investigate the potential of data assimilation in improving the NWP rainfall forecasts in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Three of three-dimensional variational (3DVar) data assimilation experiments were designed on running the advanced research weather research forecast (WRF) model. Two heavy rain events selected with different rainfall distribution in space and time are utilized to examine the improvement for rainfall forecast after data assimilation. For the spatial distribution, the improvement of rainfall accumulation and area is obvious for the both two events. But for the temporal variation, the improvement is more obvious for the event with even rainfall distribution in time, while the effect of data assimilation is not ideal for the rainfall event with uneven distribution in space and time. It is noteworthy that, for both the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, satellite radiances have greater effect on rainfall forecasts than surface and upper-air meteorological observations in this high-altitude region. Moreover, the data assimilation experiments provide more detail information to the initial fields.
Global Financial Risk, Domestic Financial Access, and Unemployment Dynamics

We empirically show that after an increase in global financial risk, the response of unemployment is markedly more subdued in emerging economies (EMEs) relative to small open advanced economies (SOAEs), while the differential response of GDP and investment across the two country groups is noticeably smaller, if at all, in EMEs. A model with banking frictions, frictional unemployment, and household and firm heterogeneity in financial inclusion can help rationalize these facts. Limited financial inclusion among households is central to explaining the differ- ential response of unemployment in EMEs amid global financial risk shocks.
In vitro Antiradical Activities of Trametes elegans Collected from Osengere, Ibadan, Nigeria

Extracts of Trametes elegans were examined for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antiradical potentials. Varying concentrations of the extracts were assessed against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitric Oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals. The result of the total phenolic content expressed in mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract (mg GAE gG) revealed that the acetone extract had higher phenolic content (4.79 mg GAE gG) than the methanol extract. However, the methanol extract had higher total flavonoid (2.27 mg RE gG) compared to the acetone extract. The extracts displayed appreciable radical scavenging activity to DPPH, NO and H2O2 radicals. The scavenging activities of the extracts were, however, lower to that of the positive control (butylhydroxytoluene). On the other hand, the acetone extract displayed better scavenging activity than the positive control at a concentration of 2 mg mLG. Result from this study suggest that this underutilized indigenous macrofungus, Trametes elegans, can be exploited as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant potentials that can neutralize the damaging effects of free radicals.
The implementation of a curriculum innovation: a study of using IT for teaching and learning in the Hong Kong institute of vocational education

The rapid development of technology and explosion of information on the Internet had lead to a surge of using IT for teaching and learning among different education sectors. In the light of this, many education institutions had developed policy in implementing IT for teaching and learning to improve and enhance the quality of the courses they provided. This thesis reports a study of using IT for teaching and learning by teachers in the Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (IVE), as an implementation of a curriculum innovation. The aim of this study was to investigate how teachers acted in the implementation process rather than to investigate the effectiveness of IT brought to teaching and learning. Different research methods were used to answer the research questions posed for the study. An “Implementation Rubric” was established to find out how the innovation was implemented by IVE teachers. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to identify the factors that hindered and enhanced the implementation. Document analysis was also adopted to triangulate the evidence gathered from surveys and interviews. Results of this research indicated that, in general, the innovation was implemented by IVE teachers, although the degree of implementation of individual dimensions and sub-dimensions varied. This study identified eight critical factors that hindered the implementation of the innovation. Although some of the factors have been
Dual-Feed Small-Size Penta-Band PIFA for LTE/WWAN Mobile Handset Applications

A dual-feed small-size penta-band PIFA for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications is presented. The proposed PIFA is composed of a simple U-shaped patch with dual-shorting pins connected to the ground plane. The patch, having a low profile of 5 mm, has dimensions of about 10 × 35 mm2. The antenna is excited at one arm of the U-shaped radiating patch to cover the higher band of GSM1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500, while it is excited at the other arm to realize the GSM900. In this way, the proposed PIFA achieves enhanced bandwidth coverage with no increased dimensions and additional active switches. In addition, the matching networks, employed on both feeds, ensure a high electrical insulation between the low and the high frequency bands, covered by the antenna. The measured antenna efficiency is 45%~50% and over 60% for the lower band and the higher band, respectively. A prototype of the proposed PIFA with dual-feed and dual-shorting pins was fabricated. The measured results including reflection coefficients and radiation characteristics are presented.
An Algorithm of Frequent Patterns Mining Based on Binary Information Granule

-To get rid of these traditional frameworks for discovering frequent association patterns, this paper proposes an algorithm of frequent association patterns mining based on binary information granule, which is mainly different from the Apriori framework and the FP-growth framework. The algorithm generate candidate by Boolean complementation to avoid connecting candidate operation of the Apriori framework, and compute support by the intersection of binary information granules to avoid to repeatedly read the database; it also adopts a linear array to avoid using complex data structure similar to the FP-growth framework. Based on these comparisons of experiments, the results indicate that the proposed algorithm is better than the traditional mining frameworks, particularly, the Apriori framework and the FP-growth framework. Keywords-binary; frequent patterns; association rules; data mining; granular computing
Catholic education facing challenges of contemporary times

Wspolczesny Kościol, aby byl skuteczny w obszarze wychowania, musi podjąc określone wyzwania. Pierwszym jest utrzymanie i rozwijanie w rodzicach świadomości, ze są pierwszymi wychowawcami swoich dzieci. Dzisiaj bowiem dośc czesto zwalniają sie z religijnego wychowania potomstwa. Tymczasem to rodzina jest domowym Kościolem, ktory dba o rozwoj swoich czlonkow. Innym wyzwaniem jest odbudowa katechezy doroslych. Nie ma takiej katechezy w Polsce. Istnieje natomiast ścisly związek miedzy katechezą rodzicow a skutecznym wychowaniem mlodego pokolenia. Nalezy takze zadbac, aby rozwijala sie katecheza parafialna. Jest ona podstawową drogą wychowania chrześcijanskiego. Nie zastąpi jej nauczanie religii w szkole, ktore nie jest do konca katechezą. Nie przyniosla ona w Polsce religijnego ozywienia uczniow. Waznym wyzwaniem jest rowniez obecnośc w świecie mediow. Mlodzi ludzie traktują świat mediow jako wlasną przestrzen zycia, ktora jednak rodzi problemy alienacji z rzeczywistego zycia, uzaleznienia, chaos informacyjny powodujący niezdolnośc do wyboru pozytywnych wartości.
A Pound of Flesh for the King

This paper provides a simple model of banking in the shadow of expropriation, which sheds light on the credit markets of XIIIth Century England and the economic reforms introduced by the Angevin Kings. We argue that the fear of expropriation induced bankers to liquidate loans early and reduced the volume of trade in the credit market. To solve this commitment problem, the nobility imposed a restriction on the ability of the king to profit from the loans that fell into his hands. The subsequent demise of these reforms was likely to contribute to the decay of Jewish bankers under Henry III and their eventual expulsion in 1290.
A Mosaic Type of Development: The Agri-Food Districts Experience in Italy

The Italian Industrial Districts (IDs) are now considered in the national and international literature as one of the main factors of the successful and rapid industrial development of Italy after the Second World War. In this paper we outline the general characteristics of the IDs approach and then the distinctive figures of the agrifood districts. A mosaic type of development characterised the geographical distribution of the different agrifood districts in the Italian experience. The different origins of agrifood districts often determines their production and structural characteristics of firms, with a relevant role of SMEs. In many cases, these districts originated from handcraft traditions and specific local demand. Their specialized production is often related to typical or high-quality products. The increasing demand for quality and typical food products might widen the possibility of developing local and regional food districts. In the second part of the paper, we have evaluated the economic performance and technical efficiency of a panel of firms in the meat sector which belong or not to the districts, for the period 1998-2002. Some very interesting results have been obtained from the economic and financial analysis on balance sheets of a large number of firms in the meat processing. The stochastic production frontier has been utilized to measure the 'district effect'. We have noticed that in the last years, the 'district effect' has been reducing according to the general difficulties of Italian industrial sector.
PRODUÇÃO DE MASSA SECA DE GRAMÍNEAS SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES TENSÕES DE ÁGUA NO SOLO

The water insecurity in Brazil has increased attention to the protection of water resources, through the use of irrigation management practices, which make it possible to estimate the content and potential of soil water, to contribute to the development of tropical grasses in Periods of off-season. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the dry mass production of grasses submitted to different soil water stresses. Three experiments were carried out in a protected environment, located in the experimental area of the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, with the Marandu, Mombaça and Tifton 85 forages, in a subdivided plots scheme. (20, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kPa) and in the subplots the three levels of the cut factor (1st, 2nd and 3rd), in a completely randomized design, with five replications for each experiment. The analyzed variable was the dry mass production of the aerial part, expressed as a percentage. Soil water stresses in which the Mombasa and Marandu grasses were submitted did not provide differences in the results in relation to the percentage of dry mass, for Tifton 85 only in 70 kPa, and for the tension of 20 kPa the 3rd cut differed from the others , In the tensions of 40 and 60 kPa the 2nd and 3rd cuts did not differ among themselves, as well as in 50 kPa where the 1st and 3rd cuts did not differ among themselves.
Effects of Coronary Plaque Wall Properties on the Wall Stress

Extended Abstract Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of death throughout the world. The rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque is related to the mechanical stress and structural integrity of plaque wall tissues [1]. Disruption of the fibrous cap should be related to the mechanical stress acting on the vessel wall by pulsating arterial pressure as well as hemodynamic wall stress [2]. In order to investigate the effects of plaque wall properties and geometry changes along the stenotic arterial plaque, asymmetric plaque wall models were constructed by skewing the lipid core distribution in the upstream direction. Mechanical stress in the plaque wall and hemodynamic stress in the lumen were computationally analysed for arterial plaque models. An ideal three dimensional coronary artery with an eccentric stenosis was modelled, and wall stress was analysed considering fluid and structure interactions (FSI). The diameter of the lumen was 3 mm, while the length of the stenosis was 8.2 mm. The stenotic plaque wall is composed of the lipid core and fibrous cap. The luminal height of the throat (minimum lumen cross section) was about 1 mm, and the area reduction was about 36%. The vessel wall thickness was 1 mm, and the minimum thickness of the fibrous cap was about 40 μm. The 4-node tetrahedral elements were used for computational meshes, and they were fitted with the shape of the vessel lumen and the plaque wall tissue. Finer meshes were used in the plaque cap and the lipid core zone to accommodate abrupt changes in geometry. For all models, the fluid was assumed to be incompressible and Newtonian, with a density of 1,050 kg/m and a viscosity of 0.0035 kg/m·s. No slip boundary conditions were used on the walls. The Navier–Stokes equation with arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation was used to solve governing equations in the presence of fluid-structure interaction (FSI), and a transient implicit scheme was applied to fluid flow computations. The result showed that the values of maximum cap stress increased, and its location moved toward the proximal cap as asymmetry increased. The maximum strains in the asymmetric models were also higher compared to those in the symmetric model. The hemodynamic WSS did not change much with longitudinal asymmetry, because the luminal geometry varied only slightly in the asymmetry models. However, the maximum WSS and its spatial gradient, which were believed to be positively related to the endothelium denudation and degradation [3], were higher in the asymmetry models than in the symmetry model. Furthermore, the pressure drop and pressure gradient across the stenosis were higher in the asymmetry models than in the symmetry model. Therefore, higher wall stress and strain, and increased WSS, pressure drops, and gradients of them in asymmetric plaques may provide a more unfavourable biomechanical environment for plaque stability.
Analytical solution and simplified analysis of coupled parent‐daughter steady‐state transport with multirate mass transfer

In this technical note, a steady‐state analytical solution of concentrations of a parent solute reacting to a daughter solute, both of which are undergoing transport and multirate mass transfer, is presented. Although the governing equations are complicated, the resulting solution can be expressed in simple terms. A function of the ratio of concentrations, In (daughter/parent + P), can be used as a metric of mass transfer and reaction if the reactions are mostly confined to the immobile domain, where P is the ratio of production of daughter to decay of parent. This metric is applied with the resazurin‐resorufin (Raz‐Rru) tracer system in a stream to obtain an integrated measure of respiration that occurs on or in a stream bed. The slope of the graph of In (Rru/Raz + P) versus advective travel time is a function of the strength of surface—bed interaction and respiration. This graph can be used for rapid comparison of different experiments and streams.
Effect Assessment of Airflow Resistance by Local Airway Stenosis with 3D Printing Airway Model

Clinically noticing airway constriction can randomly cause small airway quickly closed and the surrouding airway occlusion happens subsequently. A phenomenon may happened called "avalanche phenomenon" inside airway [1]. But few study on how local airway stenosis affects the respiratory flow. Because the real local airway stenosis and its flow are still unable to be directly observed and measured. In this paper, narrow numerical model of the main and branched airway are established based on CT data of normal human airways. Then the trachea and bronchial branched airway constriction models are printed out on the 3D printer by PLA material. Finally, to measure airflow impedance of different airway models and analyze the impact of structural changes in the airway (shrink and narrow) airway impedance, we adopt independent research and development Forced Oscillation Technique(FOT). The test results preliminary show that the trachea stenosis has big effect on the airway viscous resistance (Rrs) and the elastic resistance (Xrs). The bronchial stenosis obviously increases the airway elastic resistance. This article provides a new method for the study on how local constriction affects the airflow inside airway in the future.
External Vulnerabilities and Economic Integration - Is the Union of South American Nations a Promising Project?

This study examines the reactions of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) economies to external shocks. By using a structural vector autoregression approach, it measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial, and financial) in the real, monetary, and fiscal economic sectors of seven UNASUR economies, namely Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, and investigates co-movement paths. The results show a non-negligible degree of synchronization across the studied economies, confirming their high external vulnerability. They also suggest that irrespective of size or integration degree, all UNASUR members share mutual weaknesses, which they must fight to overcome.
Energy-Efficient Dual-Iteration Power Allocation for Two-Phase Relay System with Massive Antennas

This paper considers the scenario where multiple source nodes communicate with multiple destination nodes simultaneously with the aid of an amplify-and-forward relay equipped with massive antennas. In order to achieve optimal energy efficiency (EE) of the entire relay system, this paper investigates the power allocation problem for the multiple pairs of nodes at both the source nodes and the relay node, where the relay employs the backward and forward zero-forcing filters. Since the EE optimization problem cannot be solved analytically, we propose a two-phase power allocation method. Given power allocation of one phase, the optimal power allocation is derived for the other phase. Furthermore, two dual-iteration power allocation (DIPA) algorithms with performance approaching that of optimal EE are developed based on the instantaneous and statistic channel state information, respectively. Numerical results show that the proposed DIPA algorithms can greatly improve EE while guaranteeing spectrum efficiency (SE) when compared with the equal power allocation algorithm. Moreover, both algorithms suggest that deploying a rational number of antennas at the relay node and multiplexing a reasonable number of node pairs can improve on the EE and SE.