Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulating interactive ice sheets in the multi-resolution AWI-ESM 1.2: A case study using SCOPE 1.0

Abstract. Interactions between the climate and the cryosphere have the potential to induce strong non-linear transitions in the Earth's climate. These interactions influence both the atmospheric circulation, by changing the ice sheet's geometry, as well as the oceanic circulation, by modification of the water mass properties. Furthermore, the waxing and waning of large continental ice sheets influences the global albedo, altering the energy balance of the Earth System and inducing climate-ice sheet feedbacks on a global scale as evident in Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. To date, few fully comprehensive models exist, that do not only contain a coupled atmosphere/land/ocean component, but also consider interactive cryosphere physics. Yet, on glacial-interglacial and tectonic time scales, as well as in the Anthropocene, ice sheets are not in equilibrium with the climate, and prescribed fixed ice sheet representations in the model can principally be only an approximation to reality. Only climate models, that contain interactive ice sheets, can produce simulations of the Earth's climate which include all feedbacks and processes related to atmosphere-land-ocean-ice interactions. Previous fully coupled models were limited either by low spatial resolution or an incomplete representation of ice sheet processes, such as iceberg calving, surface ablation processes, and ocean/ice-shelf interactions. Here, we present the newly developed AWI-Earth System Model (AWI-ESM), which tackles some of these problems. Our modelling toolbox is based on the AWI-climate model, including atmosphere and vegetation components suitable for paleoclimate studies, a multi-resolution global ocean component which can be refined to simulate regions of interest at high resolution, and an ice sheet component suitable for simulating both ice sheet and ice shelf dynamics and thermodynamics. We describe the currently implemented coupling between these components, present first results for the Mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial, and introduce further ideas for scientific applications for both future and past climate states with a focus on the Northern Hemisphere. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential of such fully coupled Earth System models in improving representation of climate-ice sheet feedbacks in future paleoclimate studies with this model.
Social Media and Political Participation Among British Youth

Scholars have long debated on youth political disengagement; its causes and its solutions. Recent research (Gibson and Cantijoch 2013; Loader et al. 2014; Xenos et al. 2014) has suggested that social media has become a space where new forms of participation have been established. These forms of participation are distinct and disassociated from traditional participatory acts and institutions, proving to be more favourable among young people. While current research has addressed social media’s influence in facilitating new forms of participation, what has yet to be established is whether participating in these forms encourages young people to participate in traditional manners, such as voting. The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore whether political experiences on social media has encouraged young people to participate in traditional manners. This study presents the findings of a thematic analysis of eight semi-structured interviews, conducted with university students. The results of the study show that having a prior interest in and knowledge of politics is the key determinant in whether young people partake in traditional participatory acts. This research highlights that social media cannot encourage further participation for those who feel disconnected and uninterested in politics and political issues, and that negative features of social media, such as the ‘fear of aggression’, pose as serious boundaries for young people when wanting to participate.
Review of

Macropodia czernjawskii (Brandt, 1880), described from the Black Sea, was ignored in the regional faunal accounts for more than a century, although it was recognised in the Mediterranean. Instead, M. longirostris (Fabricius, 1775) and M. rostrata (Linnaeus, 1761) were frequently listed for the Black Sea. We selected a lectotype and redescribed the species on the basis of the type series from the Crimean Peninsula and the new material collected in the Black Sea. Historical and new collections, as well as the analysis of publications, indicate that M. czernjawskii is the only Macropodia species occurring in the Black Sea. Molecular barcode (COI gene marker) data show that M. czernjawskii is a species well-diverged from other studied species of the group. Furthermore, M. parva van Noort & Adema, 1985 has very low genetic distances from M. rostrata and M. longipes A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1899 is indistinguishable from M. tenuirostris (Leach, 1814), using COI sequences. The respective synonimisations, supported by morphological data, are proposed. M. czernjawskii is a Black Sea – Mediterranean endemic occurring also in the neighbouring Atlantic coastal zone of the Iberian Peninsula and occupying shallower depth, compared to other Mediterranean species of Macropodia. As an upper subtidal inshore species, it is particularly specialised in self-decoration and stimulates abundant epibiosis, providing masking and protection. The bulk of epibiosis consists of algae and cyanobacteria. Amongst the 25 autotrophic eukaryote taxa, identified to the lowest possible level, green chlorophytes Cladophora sp. and calcareous rhodophytes Corallinales gen. sp. were most commonly recorded. Non-indigenous red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot, first officially recorded at the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea in 2015, was present in the epibiosis of M. czernjawskii in Crimea as early as 2011.
PGPRs inoculations enhances the grain yield and grain nutrient content in four cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under field condition

The effects of the inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains Bacillus cereus BSB 38 (14B) Pseudomonas jessenii R62, Pseudomonas synxantha R81, Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus strainYB3 and strain YB5 on grain yield and grain nutrient content for four genotypes of rice namely, Swarna, Swarna sub1, IR-64, and IR-64 sub1 under field condition. Two consortia, one is Pseudomonas jessenii and Pseudomonas synxantha (R62 + R81), another consortia of Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus strain YB3 and YB5 (A3 + A5), and one Bacillus species (14B) were used as a bioinoculant. Under field condition, PGPRs treated plants showed higher grain yield as compare to their respective control. In all the varieties the grains of inoculated plants had remarkably higher quantity of protein and carbohydrates as well as phosphorus and potassium in respect of their control plants. The grains of treated plants had efficiently higher quantity of four micronutrient, like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Present result indicated that the selected PGPR had greater effect on the nutrients mobilization in rice seeds and thus have shown to be a valid option for sustainable high quality rice production to improve the nutritional status and health of the population.
Interaction Between the Tourism Industry and Ecological Environment Based on the Complicated Adaptation System (CAS) Theory: A Case Study on Henan Province, China

Pressure over the destruction of the ecological environment by the tourism industry from the blind development of tourism areas, tourism projects that destroy the ecological environment, tourist overloading during holidays, and poor environmental protection awareness among tourists is increasing. Seeking a balance point between ecological environmental protection and tourism industrial development is key in the sustainable development of the tourism industry. The Complicated Adaptation System (CAS) theory is an important theory in the current system, which focuses on the interaction of the internal elements of a system. Analyzing the interactive development between the tourism industry and the ecological environment based on CAS theory is one way to achieve the harmonious coexistence of the tourism industry and the ecological environment. A case study on Henan Province, China, is conducted, the literature on the interaction between the tourism industry and ecological environment is reviewed, and the environmental pollution status of Henan Province caused by the tourism industry is summarized. Moreover, the complex adaptation of the tourism industry and ecological environment is analyzed. Research results show that most studies support the belief that the tourism industry generates substantial environmental pollution. Environmental pollution from the tourism industry in Henan Province is reflected in tourist overloading, the direct effects of pollution from tourism consumption, damage to cultural relics in star-level tourism areas, and in dwindling habitats for plant and animal survival. Analyzing the interactive relationship between the tourism industry and ecological environment has scientific value and is worth promoting. This relationship is established based on CAS theory from four characteristics, namely, clustering, nonlinearity, flow, and diversity, and three mechanisms, that is, labelling, an internal model, and building blocks. The research conclusions can serve as a reference to better facilitate tourism industry development, estimate the relationship between the tourism economy and ecological environment, and combine ecological tourism and green technological innovation effectively.
Influences of PPO Inhibitors on Browning in Phalaenopsis Explants

The effects of Polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity inhibitors supplemented to reaction buffer at different concentrations showed that ascorbate acid and Cys complete inhibited PPO activity at 0.5 mmol/L.Adding PPO activity inhibitors to media at different concentrations,the results showed that 300 mg/L citric acid and 100-200mg/L NaHSO3 could reduce the browning of Phalaenopsis explants.Soaking explants with PPO activity inhibitors,it showed that 50 mg/L ascorbate acid gave the best result for browning inhibition and PPO activity was lower than that of control before explants browning happened.
Correlation between Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 with Left Ventricular Geometry, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Quality of Life in Systolic Heart Failure Patients

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders and is the final stage of every heart disease, marked by decreased functional capacity and patients’ quality of life (QoL). Suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2) is a biomarker depicting heart fibrosis and remodeling that altered left ventricular geometry, which in turn decreases left ventricular contractility, decreases functional capacity, and ultimately affects the QoL of the HF patient. METHODS: An observational study was conducted with a cross-sectional approach involving 60 patients with systolic heart failure. Left ventricular geometry, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), ST2 level, and other biomarkers were examined, continued by QoL assessment. RESULTS: The ST2 level (33.25±23.55 ng/mL) was negatively correlated with LVEF (r=-0.257; p =0.024) and was positively correlated with QoL (r=0.255; p =0.05). The LVEF was negatively correlated with QoL (r=-0.224; p =0.031). However, no significant correlation was found between left ventricular geometry with ST2 level or patients’ QoL. CONCLUSION: Elevated ST2 levels are correlated with decreased LVEF and worse QoL in systolic heart failure subjects. Therefore, ST2 together with LVEF can be used as prognostic tools for patients with HF. KEYWORDS: heart failure, ST2, left ventricular geometry, left ventricular ejection fraction, quality of life
Research on Spiritual Belief of Medical College Students

In this paper, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 707 medical college students, and the following characteristics were found in different grades and majors. In terms of the general state of college students' spiritual belief, their social belief is the strongest, followed by pragmatistic belief, and their supernatural belief is the weakest; their social belief decreases with the increase of grade, but there is no significant difference between sophomores and juniors; the pragmatistic belief increases with the increase of grade, and the juniors and their seniors score the highest in pragmatistic belief; there are significant differences in supernatural beliefs among the three grades, but no significant differences between any two of them.
Mechanisms of FDI Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: The Case of Ghana

Economic growth models propose that growth comes from technological change and market incentives play an important role in making technological changes available to the economy. However for FDI’s in developing economies, there are many mechanisms for technology transfer and diffusion yet the extent to which each of these influences economic growth is still limited in the extant literature. We sampled technology transfer related and other economic data from National Institutions in Ghana and examined FDI technology transfer and its effect on economic growth in Ghana. We noted that the relationship between mode of technology transfer and economic growth are equally strong. This means that technological transfer in any form is major advantage which economies get from foreign direct investment.
ASSOCIATED FACTORS FOR SELF MANAGEMENT IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Patients with diabetes mellitus can have difficulties in managing their disease. Most of the patients with uncontrolled diabetes have a HbA1c > 9%. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with a HbA1c> 9% in Public Health Center, Padang 2019. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used a total sampling technique, with a total sample of 79 respondents. This study used a questionnaire that consisted of questionnaires; DKQ, DMSES, S4-MAD, and SDSCA-revised. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation test. This study found the following factors knowledge (mean= 10.89), self-efficacy (mean= 50.01), social support (mean= 52.27) and self-management (mean= 48.38). The factors associated with self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with HbA1c> 9%, are knowledge (p = 0.016), self-efficacy (p = 0.000) and social support (p = 0.001). The most dominant factor in self-management of diabetes patients is self-efficacy (p-value = 0.000), (r = 0.607) and (r2 = 0.3684). Based on the study, it is recommended for health professionals to be able to increase their attention towards type 2 patients diabetes mellitus patients who have a HbA1c> 9% to improve their efficacy in self-management so that they can better control their blood sugar level. Furthermore, health professionals need to motivate patients and families to improve self-management skills.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE WREATH PRODUCT OF A COMPLETE GRAPH WITH A COCKTAIL PARTY GRAPH

Graph products and the corresponding spectra are often studied in the literature. A special attention has been given to the wreath product of two graphs, which is derived from the homonymous product of groups. Despite a general formula for the spectrum is also known, such a formula is far from giving an explicit spectrum of the compound graph. Here, we consider the latter product of a complete graph with a cocktail party graph, and by making use of the theory of circulant matrices we give a direct way to compute the (adjacency) eigenvalues.
Factors Contributing to Expatriate Adjustment to Life in Malaysia

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The objective of this study is to determine the factors contributing to expatriate adjustment to life in Malaysia. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory and previous research, the independent variables of cultural intelligence, language ability, open-mindedness, tenure in Malaysia, previous overseas experience and monthly income, are used in this study to predict expatriate adjustment. A survey questionnaire was developed and analysis done on 80 expatriates from four industries in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Results of regression analysis using the PROCESS software showed that cultural intelligence, language ability open-mindedness, tenure in Malaysia and gender explained 76.2% of the variance in expatriate adjustment in Malaysia. Furthermore, tenure in Malaysia moderated cultural intelligence. However, previous overseas assignments and monthly income did not have any relationships with expatriate adjustment. The applicability of the conservation of resources theory to explain expatriate adjustment is clearly established in this study as all the variables that are significant predictors of expatriate adjustment are resources.
Factors Influencing Growth and Survival of the Killifish, Rivulus marmoratus, Held inside Enclosures in Mangrove Swamps

We measured growth and survival in field enclosures of juvenile Rivulus marmoratus under a variety of biotic (effects of body mass and intraspecific density) and abiotic conditions (seasonal climatic changes, site-specific hypoxia). We also tested three different enclosure types, surface-floating buckets (0.021 m3), and tubes (0.006 m3) positioned at the surface or on the bottom. Growth rate was inversely correlated with wet body mass (between 6 and 42 mg) and density (1-16 fish/0.021 m3 enclosure). However, density did not affect survival. Growth was significantly lower in tubes placed on the bottom than at the surface. There were considerable differences in growth and survival among sites. This likely is due to differences in occurrence and persistence of hypoxic events. At the Catfish Creek location (a pool surrounded by black mangroves), the bottom was routinely hypoxic. At a shallow bay site, hypoxia was episodic: on the bottom at dawn (02) < 2 mg/l occurred on nine of 48 days, with values < 1 mg/l on two of 48 days. Maximlum growth rates (3.5-4%/day) were recorded in February to May, in comparison with lower values in December to January. However, low growth rates also occurred in the spring, probably caused by episodic hypoxia.
Evaluation of probiotic curd marketed in Pudukottai main market for the presence of contaminant bacteria

Curd is a traditional fermented food consumed by people all over India for its nutritive value and role in maintaining human gut microflora. Recently curd is being sold in many kinds of packs with and without brand names. The authenticity of these products is always questionable. In the present study, samples randomly collected from Pudukottai Main Market were analysed for the presence of LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) and contaminant bactyeria (Staphylococcus sp and E. coli). The microbial load of L. acidophilus was in general very low in all the samples ranging between 2.93 to 4.26 log values. But the microbial count of Staphylococccus epidermis is higher than Lactobacillus acidophilus both at 0 hr and 12 hrs. But E. coli was completely absent. Absence of E. coli confirmed that the products are not having any faecal matter contamination possibly entering either through water source or food handlers. Anyway the count of Staphylococcus epidermidis is alarmingly high in all the samples tested ranging between log value of 5.58 to 6.04, which could be prompted by poor handling during processing and packing. Earlier S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been considered nonpathogenic commensal organisms whereas nowadays they seem to be opportunistic pathogen. Hence the present study indicates that at most care must be taken from the manufacturer side for hygienic handling of the product throughout the commercialization.
Illness Perception among Diabetes in TamilNadu: A Pilot Study

The main objective of this study was to determine the illness perception of diabetic patients in Coimbatore city, TamilNadu, India. This cross-sectional study focused on 60diabetic patients undergoing treatment at a public hospital and private hospital. Demographic data sheet and illness perception questionnaires (revised) were used as measuring instruments. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation, ‘t ’test and frequency analysis. The findings of the study revealed that perceived symptoms (Identity) had positively related to risk factors. Patients ’perception of timeline belief about their illness had positively related with consequences at the same time inversely related to their personal control. The perception of patients ’consequences due to diabetes had positively related to psychological attributions and risk factors. The patients ’belief in their personal control and treatment control had positively related with illness coherence.
Secularism: African Literature in Relation to Religious Traditions

The issue of secularism in the African environment has been an age-long debate. This has attracted series of arguments and counter-arguments. Such controversies are expected given the religious and philosophical phenomenon and the African writers’ portrayal of religious role in African society. This paper's goal is to assess the views of several African writers on the issue of secularism on the religious and philosophical themes of their writing. The major objective is to provide knowledge and tool to enable contributions of literature to African Traditional Religion, Christianity and Islam. The focus of the paper is on the African spiritual transformation which will constitute the main structure of the black race with it connection to general existence.
Gender wise Differences of Body Dimensions to Foot Type in Healthy Young Adults

Background: Body Dimensions vary in both males and females. Foot being the only part of the body to transmit the body weight during propulsion might be adapting to preferred foot postures with different body dimensions in both the genders. Material and Methods: 79 Healthy males and 160 female healthy individuals within the age group of years (19-25) years were recruited by random sampling technique. All subject’s anthropometric characteristics were recorded as per ISAK and foot type as per the Normalized Truncated Navicular Height Ratio (NTNH). Results: The gender specific difference between the means was observed by unpaired t- test. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Female subjects of flat foot type were found to have significantly higher values of HT (p=0.034); LBH (p=0.004); and BA (p=0.029) whereas UBH: LBH ratio (p=0.029) was significantly lower than that of females with neutral foot type. The male subjects with flat foot type were found to have significantly lower values of WC (p=0.034) and WC: HC ratio (p=0.005) than the males of neutral foot group Conclusion: In the study population flat foot type, was found to be associated with linear body dimensions in females and with circumferential body dimensions in males.
The cumulative effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on Akinete differentiation in the rice-field cyanobacterium Anabaena sp

Cellular differentiation is one of the unique features of filamentous cyanobacteria (Nostocales). Anabaena sp. is a filamentous cyanobacterium capable of heterotrophy and cellular differentiation into nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and thick walled desiccating cells, the akinetes. For induction of akinetes in the culture of Anabaena sp. , combination of sugars and potassium nitrate were added to the basal medium. The results revealed the shortening of period of akinete differentiation. SDS-PAGE experiments indicated that some new proteins appeared while formation of some other proteins was inhibited during the process of akinete differentiation.