Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruit Color Properties of Different Cultivars of Dates(Phoenix dactylifera, L.)

Lolo, Khalas, Berhi, Fard and Bomaan are among the most famous date cultivars in the United Arab Emirates. Color properties of those cultivars were investigated to explore the possibilities of using them as a segregation criterion. Date image was taken using a digital camera and the color was fragmented into red, green and blue (R, G, B). Using image analysis software, frequency distribution of image pixels colors was calculated and the mean value was used to compare between the different cultivars. Results showed that, color luminosity and all color ingredients (R, G and B) may be used to differentiate between Lolo and Bomaan where the blue should be used to discriminate between Berhi and Bomaan as well as between Berhi and Khalas. This research provides the foundation for a new computerised date variety recognition system.
'From a Social Crisis to a Sustainable Problem': A Case Study of the Yarrawonga Foodbank

The development of the Yarrawonga foodbank in response to a specific social crisis is described by framing a case study around health promotion planning principles which describe assessing need, exploring the underlying issues, setting aims and objectives, implementing strategies, evaluating outcomes and building in sustainability. The objective is to locate the foodbank as a health issue within a food security policy context and by doing so, contribute to the Strategic Inter-Governmental Nutrition Alliance.
Whole-Field 3 D Characterization of a Pulsating Jet Using Synthetic Aperture Particle Image Velocimetry

In this study synthetic aperture particle image velocimetry is used on an excised human vocal fold model to study the airflow over the vocal folds during voice production. For the first time, a whole-field, time-resolved, 3D description of the flow is presented over one cycle of vocal fold oscillation. Complex, unsteady, 3D flow behavior is observed as the jet evolves.
THE SMOOTH Mg ii GAS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH THE INTERSTELLAR/EXTRA-PLANAR/HALO INTERFACE

We report the first measurements of Mg ii absorption systems associated with spectroscopically confirmed z ∼ 0.1 star-forming galaxies at projected distances of D < 6 kpc. We demonstrate that the data are consistent with the well-known anti-correlation between rest-frame Mg ii equivalent width, Wr(2796), and impact parameter, D, represented by a single log-linear relation derived by Nielsen et al. (MAGiiCAT) that converges to ∼2 Å at D = 0 kpc. Incorporating MAGiiCAT, we find that the halo gas covering fraction is unity below D ∼ 25 kpc. We also report that our D < 6 kpc absorbers are consistent with the Wr(2796) distributions of the Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM) and ISM+halo. In addition, quasar sight lines of intermediate redshift galaxies with 6 < D < 25 kpc have an equivalent width distribution similar to that of the Milky Way halo, implying that beyond ∼6 kpc, quasar sight lines are likely probing halo gas and not the ISM. As inferred by the Milky Way and our new data, the gas profiles of galaxies can be fit by a single log-linear Wr(2796)–D relation out to large scales across a variety of gas-phase conditions and is maintained through the halo/extra-planar/ISM interfaces, which is remarkable considering their kinematic complexity. These low-redshift, small impact parameter absorption systems are the first steps to bridge the gap between quasar absorption-line studies and H i observations of the circumgalactic medium.
EVOLUTION Evolution of life in urban environments

BACKGROUND: The extent of urban areas is increasing around the world, and most humans now live in cities. Urbanization results in dramatic environmental change, including increased temperatures, more impervious surface cover, altered hydrology, and elevated pollution. Urban areas also host more non-native species and reduced abundance and diversity of many native species. These environmental changes brought by global urbanization are creating novel ecosystems with unknown consequences for the evolution of life. Here, we consider how early human settlements led to the evolution of human commensals, including some of the most notorious pests and disease vectors. We also comprehensively review how contemporary urbanization affects the evolution of species that coinhabit cities. ADVANCES: A recent surge of research shows that urbanization affects both nonadaptive and adaptive evolution. Some of the clearest results of urban evolution show that cities elevate the strength of random genetic drift (stochastic changes in allele frequencies) and restrict gene flow (themovement of alleles between populations due to dispersal andmating). Populations of native species in cities often represent either relicts that predate urbanization or populations that established after a city formed. Both scenarios frequently result in a loss of genetic diversity withinpopulations and increaseddifferentiation betweenpopulations. Fragmentationandurban infrastructure also create barriers to dispersal, and consequently, gene flow is often reduced amongcitypopulations,which further contributes to genetic differentiation between populations. The influence of urbanization on mutation and adaptive evolution are less clear. A small number of studies suggest that industrial pollutioncanelevatemutation rates, but thepervasiveness of this effect is unknown. A better studied phenomenon are the effects of urbanization on evolution by natural selection. A growing number of studies show that plant and animal populations experience divergent selection between urban and nonurban environments.Thisdivergentselection has led to adaptive evolution in life history, morphology, physiology, behavior, and reproductive traits. These adaptations typically evolve in response to pesticide use, pollution, local climate, or the physical structure of cities. Despite these important results, the genetic basis of adaptive evolution is known from only a few cases. Most studies also examine only a few populations in one city, and experimental validation is rare.
Invertebrate communities on historical shipwrecks in the western Atlantic : relation to islands

: Shipwrecks can be considered island-like habitats on the seafloor. We investigated the fauna of 8 historical shipwrecks off the US east coast to assess whether species distribution patterns on the shipwrecks fit models from classical island theory. Invertebrates on the shipwrecks included both sessile (sponges, anemones, hydroids) and motile (crustaceans, echinoderms) species. Invertebrate communities were significantly different among wrecks. The size and distance between wrecks influenced the biotic communities, much like on terrestrial islands. However, while wreck size influenced species richness (alpha diversity), distance to the nearest wreck influenced community composition (beta diversity). Alpha and beta diversity on the shipwrecks were thus influenced by different abiotic factors. We found no evidence of either nested patterns or non-random co-occurrence of morphotypes, suggesting that the taxa on a given shipwreck were randomly selected from the available taxon pool. Species present on the shipwrecks generally had 1 of 2 reproductive modes: most motile or solitary sessile species had long-duration planktotrophic larvae, while most encrusting or colonial sessile species had short-duration lecithotrophic larvae and underwent asexual reproduction by budding as adults. Short-duration larvae may recruit to their natal shipwreck, allowing them to build up dense populations and dominate the wreck sur-faces. A high degree of dominance was indeed observed on the wrecks, with up to 80% of the fauna being accounted for by the most common species alone. By comparing the shipwreck communities to known patterns of succession in shallow water, we hypothesize that the shipwrecks are in a stage of mid-succession.
Hunting magic, maintenance ceremonies and increase sites exploring traditional management systems for marine resourcesin northern Cape York Peninsula

Emerging archaeological evidence from archaeological sites in northern Cape York has the potential to shed light on indigenous cultural practices relating to turtle hunting. This paper explores the nexus between cultural practice and indigenous ecological knowledge and 'lost' knowledge which has implications for how Traditional Owners may chose to manage resources today. Often when we hear of Indigenous environmental management techniques the focus is on management 'practices' e.g mosaic burning, rather than 'systems'. While not denying that some practices may be useful or cost effective alternatives to other 'western science' based land management practices the question needs to be asked: how effective can these be in ecosystem management if adopted in isolation of the other components of Indigenous management systems? Lines (2006) has challenged the efficacy of Indigenous management systems and questioned their sustainability but provides little evidence that he understands the complexity of such systems and the interrelationship of nature and culture, or indeed that he believes such systems exist. A more valid question is, what happens to these complex systems when key elements are discontinued, lost or destroyed? Perhaps if we, in partnership with Aboriginal communities, explore the changes to such systems over time we can begin to understand the consequences of these changes and the implications for long term species and ecosystem management. This paper provides preliminary outcomes of a current archaeological project which may further this discussion. At the time when European's were first recording observations along the Cape York Peninsula coastline, Aboriginal people and their Torres Strait Islander neighbours were hunting and consuming turtle and dugong in numbers great enough to be remarked on. Sites comprising heaped turtle and dugong bones were noted and in some cases sketched. Populations of both animals were however extremely healthy, the size of herds of dugong (Thorne 1876; Jackson et al 2001) and the proliferation of turtle were also remarked on. Was this just some kind of coincidence or was there an Indigenous system in place that actively contributed to the sustainability of this resource?
Recovering Drawing Trajectory

Graph theory has many applications in solving real-life problems. However, the application of Eulerian graphs and Eulerian tours/trails seems to be comparatively limited. In this chapter, an application of graph theory in handwriting recognition is presented. There are a lot of studies regarding handwriting recognition. Most of these methods deal with either offline or online handwriting recognition. However, the discussed approaches in this chapter are distinct in the manner that they aim to extract the trajectory of writing so as to equip the offline handwritten image with temporal information. When the trajectory of writing is known, it can be possible to utilize online recognition methods which are more reliable. These trajectory extracting methods are based on Eulerian trails in semi-Eulerian graphs. Semi-Eulerian graphs are graphs with at most two odd vertices. Eulerian trail is a trail in which every edge is traversed exactly once. The methods can be helpful in recognition of single-stroke handwritten images. Relying on the minimum energy law, the methods try to find the smoothest trajectory of writing which contribute to the recognition process.
Ex Vivo perfusion characteristics of DCD kidneys predict long-term graft survival

Background: Ex vivo perfusion is used in our unit for kidneys donated after cardiac death (DCD). Perfusion flow index (PFI), resistance (RT) and perfusate Glutathione S Transferase (GST) can be measured to assess graft viability. We assessed whether measurements taken during perfusion could predict long-term outcome after transplantation. Methods: All DCD kidney transplants performed between 2002 and 2014 were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were unavailable data, kidneys not machine perfused, kidneys perfused on continuous mode and dual transplantation. There were 155 kidney transplants included in the final analysis. Demographic data, ischemia times, donor hypertension, graft function, survival and machine perfusion parameters after 3 hours were analysed. Each perfusion parameter was divided into three groups as high, medium, and low. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated at 12 months and then yearly after transplantation. Results: There was a significant association between graft survival and PFI, GST (p=0.020 and 0.022, respectively). PFI was the only independent parameter to predict graft survival Conclusions: A low PFI during ex vivo hypothermic perfusion is associated with inferior graft survival after DCD kidney transplantation. We propose that PFI is a measure of the health of the graft vasculature and that a low PFI indicates vascular disease and therefore predicts a worse long-term outcome.
Food Price Inflation and Children's Schooling

I analyze the impact of food price inflation on parental decisions to send their children to school. Moreover, I use the fact that food crop farmers and cotton farmers were exposed differently to that shock to estimate the income elasticity of school enrolment. The results suggest that the shock-induced loss in purchasing power had an immediate effect on enrolment rates. Instrumental variable estimates show that the effect of household income on children's school enrolment is much larger than a simple OLS regression would suggest. Hence, policies to expand education in Sub-Saharan Africa, should not neglect the demand side.
Evaluation of Study Approaches and Skills among the Students of Payame Noor University

The main purpose of the study was to examine the approaches and skills of study among the students of Payame Nour University. The statistical society included 2857 girl and boy students of Khalkhal Payame Nour University in 2013 school year that 160 persons of them were selected as the sample through classical sampling method and by Morgan table. To examine the research, “the study approaches and skills of students of Pask” with 52 questions of five option Likert Scalehas been used which refers to three approaches of deep, strategic and surfaced. The research data was analyzed by using of descriptive statistical methods (Pearson correlation coefficient) and inferential statistics (T test and the analysis of single factor variance). The research findings indicated that in examine of the relation between the age and the study skills, the meaningful level of the test was less than the standardlimit of 0/05 and this shows that there is a meaningful relation between them. This means that as the students’ age goes higher, the boy students tend to the deep and strategic approaches and the girl students tend to the surface approaches more.The meaningful levels of the test in deep and strategic skills are orderly 0/004 and 0/003 less than the standard limit of 0/05. Therefore, there is a relation between the age and the deep and strategic skills. But there is not a relation between the age and the surface skills because of the large meaningful level of 0/18. In addition, in examining of the study approaches and skills, all of the items were less than the standard limit of 0/05 and they were 0/000, and their correlation coefficient calculated between 0/59 and 1 which indicate a meaningful relation among three study approaches. Keywords: The study approaches, deep, strategic, surfaced, learning
Deposited in DRO : 10 April 2018 Version of attached le :

Publisher's copyright statement: c © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
The relationship between climate and Rothrock sagebrush colonization patterns.

In montane meadows of the southern Sierra Nevada mountains (Calif., USA), Rothrock sagebrush (Artemisia rothrockii G.) has expanded into sites once dominated by herbaceous species. We explored the relationship between climate and shrub establishment by estimating Rothrock sagebrush age distributions from growth rings. We compared these age distributions with annual records of spring snowpack and summer precipitation across 4 vegetation types that differed in water table depth, soil moisture, and vegetation cover. In the 2 vegetation types where the water table is consistently deeper than 1 m, Rothrock sagebrush stands were up to 40 years old and had relatively even age structures that showed no strong relationship to climate. In the 2 vegetation types with a shallow water table - but with contrasting soil moisture and herbaceous cover - the majority of shrubs colonized synchronously between 1984 and 1994, a relatively dry period that followed the wet 1982 to 1983 El Nino. These and other published data suggest that initial shrub colonization of new sites is facilitated by wet years, which may increase seed production, germination, and seedling survival. However, once sagebrush stands are established and local seed supply is abundant, its continued recruitment seems independent of climate. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v55i6_bauer
STUDYING THE EFFECT ADDITION OF OKRA-NATURAL MUCILAGE AS DRAG REDUCING AGENT IN DIFFERENT SIZE OF PIPES IN TURBULENT WATER FLOWING SYSTEM

The problem of pumping power losses in pipelines carrying liquids and flowing in turbulent mode is one of the major challenges in the power saving field. Pumping power saving by the addition of minute quantities of additives to the main flow was applied in the present work. Natural drag reducing agent was prepared and extracted from okra fruit and it was tested in a closed loop of turbulence water flowing system. Flow tests were conducted using water as the carrying liquid. The experimental work starts by pumping water from reservoir tank that had mixed with mucilage was pumped with six different flow rates in two different pipe diameters (0.015, 0.025 m ID). The types of pipe used are galvanized iron pipe. The testing length of this flow system is 1.5 m. Objective to explain drag reduction differences between large and small pipes were successful. The results shows that, percentage drag reduction (Dr%) increases by increasing the concentration of Okra-Natural mucilage. Maximum Dr% of 71% was obtained using 1000 ppm of OkraNatural Mucilage in water flow system.
Extended-spectrum beta lactamasa-producing Enterobacteriaceae : The current situation in Latin America and Peru

CLASIFICACIÓN DE LAS -LACTAMASAS En los últimos años se ha observado un aumento en la tasa de aislamientos de E. coli y Klebsiella resistentes a cefalosporinas en el mundo. El principal mecanismo involucrado es la producción de -lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) que confiere resistencia a las cefalosporinas de primera, segunda y tercera generación así como al aztreonam (monobactámico). Si bien este es un problema global, varios estudios han demostrado que es más frecuente en los países latinoamericanos ya que Klebsiella y E. coli tienen una frecuencia más alta de producción de BLEE en esta región cuando se compara con las otras regiones del mundo . A continuación describimos la clasificación, epidemiología con mayor énfasis en lo que ocurre en Latinoamérica (LA), métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento y medidas de control de las infecciones por enterobacterias productoras de BLEE.
3-D rotation of double-couple earthquake sources

SUMMARY We discuss 3-D rotations by which one double-couple earthquake source can be rotated into another arbitrary double-couple. Due to the symmetry of double-couple sources, there are four such rotations. An algorithm is obtained in analytical form which is also available as a computer program solving the inverse problem of 3-D rotation of double-couple earthquake sources, i.e., for each pair of focal mechanisms or seismic moment tensor solutions the program finds all four rotations which rotate one mechanism into another. This algorithm may be used in a wide variety of studies of stress field causing earthquakes, investigations of the relation-ship between the focal mechanisms and the tectonic features of a seismogenic region, etc. The same inversion algorithm can be used to study the 3-D rotation of any symmetric second-rank tensor, such as the stress or strain tensor.
Lending robots and Human Crowds: Interest rate determination on a Reverse Auction Platform

We analyze the determinants of the level of interes rates related to business loans traded on digital crowdlending platforms. We consider one of the lead ing platforms in France and collected original data on all the projects financed via this platform. On that platform, interest rates are set by the crowd of investors through a reverse auction process. We sho w t at the loan characteristics and the scoring provided by the platform significantly influences t he interest rate. However, though financial ratios are used traditionally to estimate credit risk, those r atios do not exhibit significant influence. Besides , we analyze the impact of the recent implementation of an automated auction mechanism. This implementation seems to have a large impact on both auction d uration and on the determinants of interest rate. This suggests that use of a robot impacts on price and saving allocation on this platform-based credit market.
AMAP Assessment 2006: Acidifying Pollutants, Arctic Haze and Acidification in the Arctic

This article was prepared by Patricia K. Quinn, of NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington; Betsy Andrews, of NOAA’s Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; Jesper Christensen, of the National Environmental Research Institute, Roskilde, Denmark; Ellsworth Dutton, of NOAA’s Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; and Glenn Shaw, of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Arctic Haze Phenomenon
Shadow IT and Business-Managed IT: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Illustration

Research on Shadow IT is facing a conceptual dilemma in cases where previously “covert” systems developed by business entities are integrated in the organizational IT management. These systems become visible, are thus not “in the shadows” anymore, and subsequently do not fit to existing definitions of Shadow IT. Practice shows that some information systems share characteristics of Shadow IT but are created openly in alignment with the IT organization. This paper proposes the term “Business-managed IT” to describe “overt” information systems developed or managed by business entities and distinguishes it from Shadow IT by illustrating case vignettes. Accordingly, our contribution is to suggest a concept and its delineation against other concepts. In this way, IS researchers interested in IT originated from or maintained by business entities can construct theories with a wider scope of application that are at the same time more specific to practical problems. In addition, the terminology allows to value potentially innovative developments by business entities more adequately.