Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRANULOSA CELL APOPTOSIS IN SITU IN CAPRINE OVARY

Apoptotic changes in membrana granulosa of ovaries in goat (Capra hircus) have been studied in situ using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histologically, the degenerating granulosa cells were characterized by condensed cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei and hazy cytosol. Most of the cytoplasmic components were condensed and were seen clumping against the pyknotic nucleus. The nucleus of degenerating cells stain darkly with giemsa while the cytoplasm were eosinophilic. In a few apoptotic cells heterochromatin bodies were seen adhering the nuclear membrane in the hyaline nucleosol. Under scanning electron microscopy apoptosis was marked by asymmetrical shrinkage and vacuolization of cytoplasm. The cell membrane of degenerating granulosa cells was smooth textured with a number of uneven depression and ruffles. Fragmentation of nucleus and pinching off of membrane bound nuclear fragments were the characteristic features observed in situ.
Recursive digital filters and two-channel filter banks: Frequency-response masking approach

In this paper, we present the application of frequency-response masking (FRM) technique in constructing digital filters and two-channel filter banks. With the FRM approach, digital filters with sharp transition bands and two-channel filter banks with narrow transition bands between the channels can be achieved. The FRM structure considered in this paper is composed of IIR model filters and linear-phase FIR masking filters. The efficient structures for analysis and synthesis banks consisting of all-pass sub-filters and polyphase components of masking filters are obtained. We particularly consider the frequency responses of filters and filter banks when the IIR model filters are of approximately linear phase. It is shown that by using an FRM-based two-channel filter bank and an additional set of masking filters, the two-stage very selective filters and two-channel filter banks can be developed. It is shown by means of examples that the usage of IIR model filters reduces the computational complexity and decreases the overall group delay as compared with an equivalent FRM structure based on FIR filters only.
2,3-Diaminopyridinium 4-nitrobenzoate

In the title salt, C5H8N3 +·C7H4NO4 −, the pyridine N atom of the 2,3-diaminopyridine molecule is protonated. The protonated N atom and one of the two 2-amino groups are hydrogen bonded to the 4-nitrobenzoate anion through a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an R 2 2(8) ring motif. The carboxylate mean plane of the 4-nitrobenzoate anion is twisted by 3.77 (5)° from the attached ring and the nitro group is similarly twisted by 2.28 (10)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O interactions into sheets parallel to (100).
Sixth Graders Investigate Models and Designs through Teacher-Directed and Student-Centered Inquiry Lessons: Effects on Performance and Attitudes.

Science inquiry has been found to be effective with students from diverse backgrounds and varied academic abilities. This study compared student learning, enjoyment, motivation, perceived understanding, and creativity during a science unit on Models and Designs for 38 sixth grade students (20 male, 18 female; 1 Black, 1 Hispanic and 36 White). The unit began with a very teacher-centered approach, then became increasingly student-centered, employing more inquiry with each lesson set to determine the effects of student-centered instruction on performance and attitudes. Pretest-posttest data with specific questions tied to each lesson set were collected, as well as repeated measures attitude surveys administered at the conclusion of each of the six sets of lessons. The surveys included ratings of lesson enjoyment, student motivation, perceived understanding, creativity designed into the lesson, and perceived self-creativity on a scale of one to ten, along with open ended responses of reasons for the ratings. Results indicate a trend of improving knowledge retention as student-centeredness and inquiry increased until the last lesson set, which a few students found too challenging. Additionally, reported levels of enjoyment, motivation, and creativity increased as the instructional approaches became more studentcentered until the challenge became too great for some students, causing a small dip in the upward trend. Greater experience with science inquiry may assist students in extending their confidence, inquiry leadership, and achievement. Journal of STEM Arts, Crafts, and Constructions Volume 2, Number 1, Pages 95-114. The Journal’s Website: http://scholarworks.uni. edu/journal-stem-arts/
Evolución del esguince cervical en la Clínica Médico Forense de Madrid en relación con la edad, concausas, dependencia laboral y tratamiento y determinación de secuelas

Proposito de la investigacion. Determinar la influencia que la edad, el trabajo por cuenta ajena, las concausas y el tipo de tratamiento ejercen en la evolucion de los esguinces cervicales estudiados por los especialistas en traumatologia de la Clinica Medico Forense de Madrid. Determinar secuelas mas habituales. Comparar estos resultados con los publicados por otros autores. Precedentes basicos. Multiples autores (valoradores, especialistas, medicos forenses, Insalud, etcetera) han realizado estudios acerca de la influencia que diversos factores ejercen en la evolucion del esguince cervical. Consideramos de gran interes disponer de los resultados de peritos forenses que aunan a esa condicion la de ser especialistas. Hallazgos. Se han obtenido resultados en cuanto a influencia en la evolucion segun la edad, el estado anterior, la existencia de trabajo dependiente o no, y el tipo de tratamiento precisado. Igualmente se han obtenido las secuelas mas frecuentes. Conclusiones principales. Existe una influencia negativa en cuanto a evolucion de los lesionados en aquellos con trabajo por cuenta ajena, en los de mayor edad, en los que presentan concausas locales previas y en los que han precisado tratamientos mas complejos.
SEACing the GAP that nEGOCiates TORC1 activation

The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) regulates eukaryotic cell growth in response to a variety of input signals. In S. cerevisiae, amino acids activate TORC1 through the Rag guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) heterodimer composed of Gtr1 and Gtr2 found together with Ego1 and Ego3 in the EGO complex (EGOC). The GTPase activity of Gtr1 is regulated by the SEA complex (SEAC). Specifically, SEACIT, a SEAC subcomplex containing Iml1, Npr2, and Npr3 functions as a GTPase activator (GAP) for Gtr1 to decrease the activity of TORC1 and, consequently, growth, after amino acid deprivation. Here, we present genetic epistasis data, which show that SEACAT, the other SEAC subcomplex, containing Seh1, Sea2–4, and Sec13, antagonizes the GAP function of SEACIT. Orthologs of EGOC (Ragulator), SEACIT (GATOR1), and SEACAT (GATOR2) are present in higher eukaryotes, highlighting the remarkable conservation, from yeast to man, of Rag GTPase and TORC1 regulation.
Beneficial effects of telmisartan on left ventricular structure and function in patients with hypertension determined by two-dimensional strain imaging

Background Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker with established beneficial effects on cardiac structure and function in animal models. Our aim was to clinically clarify the cardiprotective ability, beyond lowering blood pressure (BP), of telmisartan on left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanics in patients with hypertension using a two-dimensional (2-D) strain imaging. Methods Telmisartan (20–40 mg daily) was administered to 35 previously untreated patients with hypertension. Conventional and 2-D strain echocardiography were performed after medication had been continued for 1–2 months with values of systolic BP less than 140 mmHg and diastolic BP less than 90 mmHg (phase I) and for 12 months (phase II) in all patients and 30 age-matched normal individuals. Results There were no differences in BP, LV ejection fraction, and ratio of peak early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A) between phases I and II of hypertension group and normal group. In phase I, the mean peak systolic strains and strain rates in the longitudinal and circumferential directions, mean peak early diastolic strain rates in the longitudinal, circumferential, and radial directions, and mean peak atrial systolic strain rate in the longitudinal direction were lower than those in the normal group. In phase II, the LV mass index, relative LV wall thickness, isovolumic relaxation time, torsion and torsional rate were decreased, whereas the mean peak systolic strains and early diastolic strain rates in all the three directions, mean peak systolic strain rates in the longitudinal and circumferential directions, and mean peak atrial systolic strain rate in the longitudinal direction were increased compared with phase I. Conclusion The use of telmisartan in patients with hypertension improved not only LV geometric remodeling but also regional LV myocardial contraction and relaxation in the three directions, especially longitudinal and circumferential directions. Our results support beneficial effects on LV structure and function beyond BP reduction from continuous long-term telmisartan therapy.
Salivary cortisone is a potential biomarker for serum free cortisol.

CONTEXT Salivary cortisol measurement is used as a practical surrogate for serum free cortisol. However, parotid tissue harbors 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) activity converting cortisol to cortisone. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the impact of parotid 11β-HSD2 activity on the measurement of salivary cortisol. PATIENTS, DESIGN, AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Study participants with changes in circulating corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) (±oral contraceptive, functionally CBG null) and controls were studied during adrenal stimulation by ACTH and postoral and iv hydrocortisone administration. Simultaneous serum and saliva samples were collected for the measurement of total serum cortisol (SerF) by immunoassay, and unbound cortisol and cortisone in serum (FreeF and FreeE) and saliva (SalF and SalE) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS ACTH stimulation increased SerF, FreeF, SalF, SalE, but not FreeE in all individuals. SerF significantly decreased after stopping oral contraceptive administration, but FreeF, SalF and SalE remained unchanged. In the hydrocortisone administration study, individual FreeF and SalE curves were nearly identical and SalE closely reflected FreeF in all participants, irrespective of CBG changes. The highest correlation in all (n = 537) matched serum-saliva samples was between SalE and FreeF (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001), and there was no evidence of 11β-HSD2 saturation. CONCLUSION Salivary cortisol is a useful surrogate for circulating free cortisol, but its concentration is determined both by serum free cortisol and parotid metabolism to cortisone. We have shown that salivary cortisone closely reflects free serum cortisol after adrenal stimulation and hydrocortisone administration and is unaffected by CBG changes. Salivary cortisone has potential as a useful surrogate for serum free cortisol in research and clinical assessment, and further research in states of chronic glucocorticoid excess is now needed.
Entreposage et analyse en ligne dans les nuages avec Pig

RESUME Les entrepots de donnees et les systemes OLAP permettent d’analyser a la volee de gros volumes de donnees. L’informatique dans les nuages vise a proposer des capacites de calcul et de stockage virtuellement infinies. Considerer l’analyse et l’entreposage de donnees au sein des nuages informatiques devient alors un enjeu majeur. Les problemes a aborder sont ceux classiques des systemes largement distribues, mais sous un nouvel angle prenant en compte les specificites de ce paradigme : facturation a l’utilisation, elasticite et facilite d’utilisation. Cet article aborde dans un premier temps les regles de facturation a l’utilisation pour le stockage des entrepots de donnees. Nous proposons d’utiliser pour les nuages des techniques de stockage a base de tableaux multidimensionnels. Ensuite, nous nous interessons a l’analyse OLAP en proposant de nouveaux operateurs et des regles d’optimisation, dont l’interet est mis en avant par de premieres experimentations. Enfin, nous listons des perspectives de recherche pour la definition d’un cadre theorique et pratique pour l’entreposage et l’analyse en ligne dans les nuages.
Health information on the Internet: accessibility, quality, and readability in English and Spanish.

CONTEXT Despite the substantial amount of health-related information available on the Internet, little is known about the accessibility, quality, and reading grade level of that health information. OBJECTIVE To evaluate health information on breast cancer, depression, obesity, and childhood asthma available through English- and Spanish-language search engines and Web sites. DESIGN AND SETTING Three unique studies were performed from July 2000 through December 2000. Accessibility of 14 search engines was assessed using a structured search experiment. Quality of 25 health Web sites and content provided by 1 search engine was evaluated by 34 physicians using structured implicit review (interrater reliability >0.90). The reading grade level of text selected for structured implicit review was established using the Fry Readability Graph method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES For the accessibility study, proportion of links leading to relevant content; for quality, coverage and accuracy of key clinical elements; and grade level reading formulas. RESULTS Less than one quarter of the search engine's first pages of links led to relevant content (20% of English and 12% of Spanish). On average, 45% of the clinical elements on English- and 22% on Spanish-language Web sites were more than minimally covered and completely accurate and 24% of the clinical elements on English- and 53% on Spanish-language Web sites were not covered at all. All English and 86% of Spanish Web sites required high school level or greater reading ability. CONCLUSION Accessing health information using search engines and simple search terms is not efficient. Coverage of key information on English- and Spanish-language Web sites is poor and inconsistent, although the accuracy of the information provided is generally good. High reading levels are required to comprehend Web-based health information.
TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION AND THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM I. Effect of Skin Grafts in Normal Animals

In the course of re-evaluating the effects of RES blockade upon homograft survival it was observed that: (a) Skin homografts produced a significant stimulation of the phagocytic properties of the RES of rats. This stimulation was first noted 7 days after grafting and had disappeared by 28 days. (b) The stimulation was of such a magnitude that amounts of thorotrast ordinarily capable of suppressing RES activity were no longer effective in grafted animals. Similarly, blockade produced prior to grafting was rapidly dispelled by the application of the homograft. (c) Heterografts likewise stimulated phagocytic activity of the RES. From this it is concluded that skin homografts provide such a marked stimulus to the RES that it is unlikely that blocking agents, when employed to the limit of safety, are effective in their presence. Consequently, the concept that blockade of the RES prolongs graft survival remains unproven.
Semi-Analytical Magneto-Mechanic Coupling With Contact Analysis for MEMS/NEMS

This paper presents a methodology and a tool for magnetic and mechanical deformation coupling using numerical and analytical modeling. An analytical magnetic model using Coulombian approach is used and coupled with a mechanical deformation model for a cantilever beam to evaluate contact size and contact force. Such a coupling is not available using numerical solution. This paper details the deformation and contact analysis, which is validated by finite element simulation and also details the coupling approach. Such a modeling is dedicated to an optimization process of magnetic MEMS/NEMS in general and to magnetic nano switch in particular.
Regulation of Cell-Cell Adhesion by Abi/Diaphanous Complexes

ABSTRACT Actin polymerization provides the driving force for the formation of cell-cell junctions and is mediated by two types of actin nucleators, Arp2/3 and formins. Proteins required for coordinately linking cadherin-mediated adhesion to Arp2/3-dependent versus formin-dependent nucleation have yet to be defined. Here we show a role for Abi, the Abi-binding partner Nap1, and the Nap1-binding protein Sra1 in the regulation of cadherin-dependent adhesion. We found that Abi, which is known to interact with Wave, leading to activation of the Arp2/3 complex, is also capable of interacting with the Diaphanous (Dia)-related formins in the absence of Wave. Knockdown of Abi, Nap1, Sra1, or Dia markedly inhibited cell-cell junctions, whereas knockdown of Wave or Arp2/3 produced mild and transient phenotypes. Dia and Abi colocalized with β-catenin at cell-cell junctions. Further, Dia and Wave bound to overlapping sites on Abi1, and Wave competed with Dia for Abi1 binding. Notably, an active Dia1 C-terminal fragment that localizes to cell-cell junctions rescued the abnormal junctions induced by depletion of Abi or Nap1 in epithelial cells. These findings uncover a novel link between cadherin-mediated adhesion and the regulation of actin dynamics through the requirement for an Abi/Dia complex for the formation and stability of cell-cell junctions.
Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: quality of life and burden of illness

Premenstrual symptoms are distressing for up to 20% of reproductive-aged women and are associated with impairment in interpersonal or workplace functioning for at least 3–8%. Typical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and the severe form, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, include irritability, anger, mood swings, depression, tension/anxiety, abdominal bloating, breast pain and fatigue. The symptoms recur monthly and last for an average of 6 days per month for the majority of the reproductive years. For women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, the symptoms can be as disabling as major depressive disorder. It has been estimated that affected women experience almost 3000 days of severe symptoms during the reproductive years. Until two decades ago, there were no effective treatments for severe premenstrual syndrome. Even in 2000, almost three-quarters of women in the USA with premenstrual disorders either did not seek help or sought treatment unsuccessfully from at least three clinicians for over 5 years. This review will focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment outcomes, quality of life and burden of illness for premenstrual disorders.
ATVB In Focus Novel Mediators and Mechanisms in Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis

Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels develop from a pre-existing vascular network, is essential for normal development and in certain physiological states. Inadequate or excessive angiogenesis has been incriminated in a number of pathologic states. For example, vaso-occlusive disease arising from atherosclerosis can lead to ischemia, a situation in which enhanced angiogenesis would be beneficial. Conversely, overzealous angiogenesis can contribute to tumor development and in this case inhibition of angiogenesis is desirable. Thus, strategies to induce or inhibit angiogenesis are of considerable therapeutic interest. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1936-1947.)
Ion transport in liver mitochondria. VI. The role of surface binding on aerobic Ca++translocation.

Abstract The role of surface binding on the Ca++ translocation in mitochondria has been studied. The Ca++ bound at the mitochondrial surface in the absence of respiration is translocated to the inner mitochondrial spaces at the initiation of respiration. Impermeant cations, which compete with Ca++ for the binding at the mitochondrial surface, also affect the rate of aerobic Ca++ translocation. The initial rates of aerobic Ca++ uptake and of related processes, such as H+ release and oxygen consumption, are about 40% slower in 0.125 m KCl than in 0.25 m sucrose. Inhibition by K+ of the surface binding and of the rate of Ca++ translocation parallel each other although the degree of inhibition is higher in the former process. Surface binding of Ca++ is also reduced by the addition of Mg++, by lowering the pH, or by increasing the osmolarity of the medium, and the rates of oxygen uptake and H+ release undergo a parallel decrease. The effect of surface binding on the aerobic stoichiometries and the mechanism of Ca++ translocation are discussed.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Survey of Nurses’ Knowledge

Nurses in a variety of clinical settings are often involved in educating and managing patients with irritable bowel syndrome, though their knowledge and perceptions of irritable bowel syndrome are not well known. A national survey was undertaken as a part of a larger study of patients and healthcare providers to determine nurses’ knowledge of irritable bowel syndrome, including diagnosis, etiology, disease impact, management, beliefs, and attitudes regarding irritable bowel syndrome. In addition, the nurses’ perceptions of the effect of irritable bowel syndrome on the patient’s lifestyle and the severity of symptoms were compared to those of irritable bowel syndrome patients. One hundred practicing registered nurses were randomly selected and then interviewed by telephone using a questionnaire. A random-digit dialing method was used to identify and recruit 1,014 women with irritable bowel syndrome. The majority of registered nurses interviewed (75%) felt that nurses played a moderate-to-major role in counseling patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Only 13%, however, were aware of the diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. The majority of nurse subjects felt the current therapies for irritable bowel syndrome had limited effectiveness varying from 6–21% depending on the symptom being treated. Almost half of the nurses felt they had an important role in management of irritable bowel syndrome and that both they and their patients needed more education about irritable bowel syndrome. There was close agreement between the nurses and the patients with regard to the impact of irritable bowel syndrome. With increased public attention on irritable bowel syndrome as a common problem affecting women, there is a need for nurses working in a variety of settings to have increased knowledge regarding the syndrome. In this article, recommendations are made regarding how to increase nurses’ knowledge about this common health problem.