Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Catalyst: Application in Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions

Asymmetric synthesis, also called chiral synthesis, enantioselective synthesis or stereoselective synthesis, is organic synthesis which introduces one or more new and desired elements of chirality. This is important in the field of pharmaceuticals and organic chemistry because the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity. Use of catalysts is one of the most effective methods preferred by the researchers in recent years. It causes to the preferential formation of a stereoisomer rather than a constitutional isomer. In this study, tetraoxocalix[2]arene[2]triazine was synthesized firstly by using resorcinol and cyanuric chloride and then this starting material was derivatized with ( R )-(-)-2-phenylglycinol to obtain tetraoxocalix[2]arene[2]triazine based chiral compound. Characterization of tetraoxocalix[2]arene[2]triazine was done by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy which is depicted in literature. Then, n ew organocatalyst, which possess a hydroxyl and an amino group, was designed and synthesized. The structure of the receptor characterized by FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and optical rotation measurement was also included . The newly prepared tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine derivative was employed as a chiral ligand in the enantioselective Michael addition of dimethylmalonate to conjugated nitroalkenes and good to excellent enantioselectivities were obtained. Various factors, (solvent, temperature, catalyst %) were examined and the reactions were optimized. The best condition for the Michael addition reaction was determined as room temperature, toluene as solvent and 10 mol% of heteroatom-bridged calixaromatic based chiral catalyst as organocatalyst loading. The catalytic efficiency of the chiral catalyst was analyzed by HPLC using chiral columns. The corresponding adducts were generally obtained in ( S )-forms with high yields (up to 93%) and with high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee ).
Profile of champions in health promotion in a community setting : an exploratory study

Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes can be prevented by acting on risk factors such as tobacco use, an unhealthy diet and lack of exercise. As behaviour is influenced at multiple levels, individual and environmental, the most effective intervention needs to explore these multiple levels. The background of this study is a novel and successful approach: “the Waist Disposal Challenge” (WDC) which induced lifestyle behavioural changes. The WDC was a pilot health intervention designed to reduce weight and other risk factors for chronic diseases. The WDC was implemented during 2007-2008 in 23 Rotary clubs in the South West of Western Australia. Findings showed a significant to moderate weight loss amongst participants and other lifestyle changes. It is believed the natural helpers (called Champions), who promoted and facilitated the program in clubs, played a pivotal role in this program. The purpose of this study was to examine the role, attitudes, motivating factors and common characteristics of these Champions (also referred to as lay health advisors in the literature) or in other terms to define the appropriate profile for such lay leaders in community based health promotion programs. As the focus in delivering health interventions is to rely more on peer educators or lay leaders to spread healthy messages and change peer behaviours, the attributes of who is appropriate for this role is important for the success of health programs that are led by the community. An exploratory descriptive design using a mixed method approach was adopted for this study. From a purposive sample of 27 Champions, 20 completed a developed self-administered survey. Semi-structured interviews with Champions were then conducted to gather more in-depth data about their experience in this role. From a purposive sample of 40 Club Members who participated in all stages of the WDC, 21 completed a survey reflecting on their experience of this program
Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis: A Review in Animal Models

Deterioration of renal function is closely related to renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). With animal models, we can simulate the pathological changes and progression of disease. Various animal models of RIF are pivotal for clinical treatment and investigation of new drugs. Reviewed here are methods of establishment and mechanism of commonly used animal models of RIF to help researchers select the optimal animal model for different research purposes.
Right Coronary Artery Pseudoaneurysm Treated by Graft-Stent Deployment

A right coronary artery (RCA) pseudoaneurysm is a very rare occurrence, with only a few cases reported in the medical literature. The most optimal therapy has not been established because of its rarity. Herein, we report a 70-year-old male with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction whose coronary angiography revealed a huge pseudoaneurysm supplied by the proximal RCA. The patient was safely and effectively treated by graft-stent deployment. This report includes a literature review of the incidence, associated symptoms, and treatment of coronary artery aneurysms.
The Effect of Horse-Riding Exercise on the Balance Ability in the Chronic Low Back Pain Patients

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of horse riding exercise for chronic low back pain patients. Method : 30 subjects in H-equestrian and N-equestrian, K & B hospital were randomly divided two group, instability support surface exercise group and horse-riding exercise group. Each group carried out 40 minutes exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. VAS were measured for sway path of COP movement during standing were measured for evaluation of static balance ability in balance performance monitor(BPM). Result : The results were as follows, scales of VAS between instability support surface exercise and horse-riding exercise groups in post-test, were significantly different in measures(p<.05). And there were significant in two group after exercise(p<.05). The static balance scales of sway path between instability support surface exercise and horse-riding exercise groups in post-test, were significantly different in measures(p<.05). And there were significant in two group after exercise(p<.05). Conclusion : These finding revealed that horse-riding exercise was effective on VAS and static balance abiility of chronic low back pain patient so that these exercise can be new altematives for increase of stability ability in chronic low back pain patients.
Flexor Muscles Brachii After Exercise-Induced Damage to Elbow Motor Unit Synchronization Is Increased in Biceps

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May , 2011; 110 (5): 1390-1399. J Appl Physiol Makii Muthalib, Hoseong Lee, Guillaume Y. Millet, Marco Ferrari and Kazunori Nosaka activity The repeated-bout effect: influence on biceps brachii oxygenation and myoelectrical [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February , 2012; 107 (3): 958-965. J Neurophysiol Dario Farina, Francesco Negro, Leonardo Gizzi and Deborah Falla experimental muscle pain Low-frequency oscillations of the neural drive to the muscle are increased with [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June 15, 2012; 107 (12): 3357-3369. J Neurophysiol Jakob L. Dideriksen, Francesco Negro, Roger M. Enoka and Dario Farina synaptic noise on force steadiness Motor unit recruitment strategies and muscle properties determine the influence of [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September 15, 2012; 113 (6): 929-936. J Appl Physiol Bradley M. Pitman and John G. Semmler elbow flexor muscles Reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition after eccentric muscle damage in human [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 15, 2012; 108 (12): 3264-3275. J Neurophysiol Douglas A. Keen, Li-Wei Chou, Michael A. Nordstrom and Andrew J. Fuglevand direct cortical input Short-term synchrony in diverse motor nuclei presumed to receive different extents of
Improvement in Quality of Life with Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation Home Program after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery at Siriraj Hospital

Objective: To compare health–related quality of life outcome scores of phase II cardiac rehabilitation home program in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) patients who received (study group) and did not receive (control group) the home program. Methods: Thirty-four patients, age between 50-75 years old, were randomly divided by age and gender and matched into control and study groups. The study group received 6-weeks of a home program consisting of 5-30 minutes walking which was increased by 5 minutes or 100 meters per week. Both groups were called 3 times/weekly to encourage the study group to do the home program and to ask the control group about their physical condition. Quality of life was evaluated two times using the Thai version of the SF-36 questionnaire at the sixth day and sixth week post operation. Results: After six-weeks home program cardiac rehabilitation, the study group had significantly higher than the control group percentage change of physical performance (3.24 ± 18.70 vs 15.00 ± 18.54, p=0.038), physical role limitation (-1.47 ± 46.33 vs 41.18 ± 37.44, p=0.003), general health (3.82 ± 10.61 vs 23.65 ± 26.61, p=0.005), vitality (10.59 ± 24.42 vs 29.12 ± 17.87, p=0.009), social functioning (7.35 ± 27.97 vs 22.06 ± 17.98, p=0.039), and reported health transition (0.18 ± 1.01 vs -0.94 ± 0.97, p=0.007). There were no significant differences between control and study groups in the percent of the bodily pain (-3.00 ± 30.50 vs 14.94 ± 36.95, p=0.066), emotional role-limitation (3.92 ± 56.37 vs 21.57 ± 35.24, p=0.141), and mental health (12.94 ± 24.02 vs 22.82 ± 16.05, p=0.084) Conclusion: Six-weeks of home program cardiac rehabilitation improved the quality of life in post-CABG patients.
Services for pregnant drug users

patient (eds R. Kennedy, A. Heymans & L. Tischler. London: Free Association Books. KERNBERG,O. (1975) A systems approach to priority setting of interventions in groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 25, 251 -275. â€”? (1980) Internal World and External Reality. New York: Jason Aronson. â€”? (1981) Some issues in the theory of hospital treatment. Tidsskr Nor Loegeforen, 101, 837-843. Hobhs
Influence of the growing conditions on the flavonoids and phenolic acids accumulation in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) leaves.

Phytochemicals or phenolic compounds are important natural bioactive molecules that plants accumulate in response to environmental conditions and may exert benef icial effects on health by protecting humans against many diseases. The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of biotic and abiotic stress on the accumulation of flavonoids and phenolic acids on leaves of two cultivars of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, which are differentiated by the colour of their leaves (red or green). Phenolic compounds were extracted using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method and their identif ication was carried out by LC-MS analysis. Rutin was the main flavonoid in amaranth leaves; the highest concentrations were found in green leaves when plants were subjected to stress (9715 μg g-1). Phenolic acids were minor compounds; ferulic acid was only present in red leaves (0.5 μg g-1) and p-coumaric acid only in green leaves (0.7 μg g-1). Our results indicate that leaves from A. hypochondriacus, the main species that produce edible seeds, are a good source of phytochemical compounds and their accumulation could be driven by the growing conditions.
Methamphetamine abuse in former opiates addicts currently in

Background: To measure suspected abuse of the methamphetamine (MA) among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients in Tehran, we studied all 206 patients who were admitted to MMT program from 2009 to 2015 to Andishe-No addiction treatment clinic. Methods: MA presence was screened in one of the random urine samples routinely taken for tests of other drugs. Results: 70 (34.3%) patients were positive for MA. A logistic regression (multivariate analyses) demonstrated that the MA abusers were more likely to be opiate abusers and less likely to be married. Conclusion: The high prevalence of MA abuse found in our patients which was rather higher than the rate of MA abuse before treatment entrance. The high rate of MA abuse in Iran needs future study Declaration Interest: None.
Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth (Review)

Background Preterm birth is a major health problem and contributes to more than 50% of the overall perinatal mortality. Preterm birth has multiple risk factors including cervical incompetence and multiple pregnancy. Different management strategies have been tried to prevent preterm birth, including cervical cerclage. Cervical cerclage is an invasive technique that needs anaesthesia and may be associated with complications. Moreover, there is still controversy regarding the efficacy and the group of patients that could benefit from this operation. Cervical pessary has been tried as a simple, non-invasive alternative that might replace the above invasive cervical stitch operation to prevent preterm birth. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of cervical pessary for the prevention of preterm birth in women with risk factors for cervical incompetence. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group’s Trials Register (1 September 2012), Current Controlled Trials and the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (1 September 2012).
Sedimandaki Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonunun Çoklu Değişken Regresyon Modelleri ve Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı Ağ Modeli ile Tahmini

Son yillarda, su ortamindaki metal kirliliginin fazla bulunmasi, kaliciligi ve cevresel toksisitesi nedeniyle kuresel olarak dikkat cekmektedir. Metallerin dogal sudaki davranisi, substrat sediment bilesiminin, askida sediment bilesiminin ve su kimyasinin bir islevidir. Sediman, cesitli habitatlar ve ortamlar iceren nehir havzasinin ayrilmaz ve dinamik bir parcasidir. Sedimanlarin kalitesinin degerlendirilmesinde, uzun yarilanma sureleri nedeniyle sucul ekosistemlerdeki agir metallerin, antropojenik girdilerinin belirlenmesi onemli olarak kabul edilir ve sucul ekosistemlerdeki kirlilik gecmisini yansitabilir. Bu nedenle, sediman kalitesini etkileyen agir metallerin konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesi ve tahmin edilmesi oldukca onem tasimaktadir. Bu calisma kapsaminda Orta Karedeniz Kiyi seridi deniz ve irmak sedimanlarinda agir metal konsantrasyonunun coklu degiskenli lineer regresyon (MLR), coklu degiskenli polinomal regresyon (MPR) ve Cok Katmanli Algilayici Ag (MLP) modelleri kullanilarak tahminlenebilmesi gerceklestirilmistir. Modellerin test ve egitimleri icin 2007-2008 yillari arasinda 5 farkli noktadan alinan sediman orneklerine ait fiziko-kimyasal parametreler pH, su icerigi (WC), katyon degisim kapasitesi (CEC), oksidasyon reduksiyon potansiyeli (ORP), elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), zeta potansiyeli (ζP), toplam karbon (TC), toplam inorganik karbon (TIK), toplam organik karbon (TOK) ve agir metallerin (Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe, Al, Sr, Mn ve Cr) konsantrasyonlari kullanilmistir. Calismada her bir agir metal konstantrasyonu tahmin edilmesi icin MLR, MPR ve MLP modelllerinin performans karsilastirlmalari yapilmistir. Sonuc olarak sedimanlardaki agir metallerin konsantrasyonun tahminlemesinde fiziko-kimyasal parametreler bagimsiz degiskenler olarak kabul edilerek, regresyon analizleri yapilmis ve gerceklestirilen modeler arasinda en iyi sonucun MPR modeli ile elde edildigi ortaya konulmustur.
Carboxylesterase Concentration in Mouse Exposed to Particulate Matters on Inhalation Exposure of Prallethrin and d-Phenothrin Mixture

CE enzyme applied critical hydrolysis of pyrethroid families such as prallethrin and d-phenothrin, this active ingredient was commonly contained in mosquito repellent (MR). The previous study found that MRs as particulate matters (PMs) were very hazardous for living organisms due to the characteristics of number and mass concentration. This study examined the CE concentration in Mus musculus exposed to PM on inhalation exposure of prallethrin and d-phenothrin mixture. The lower dose was a mixture of 0.000141 mg/L prallethrin and 0.104 mg/L d-phenothrin, while the higher dose was a mixture of 0.00141 mg/L prallethrin and 1.04 mg/L d-phenothrin. Prallethrin and d-phenothrin were dissolved in acetonitrile, then diluted several times to obtain the preferred concentration. The solution was inflated with air through a diffuser to generate PMs which inserted into the chamber contained mice. The experimental group was divided into three, namely: positive control (PC), and lower- and higher-dose treatment groups, with three replicates for each group. The results illustrate that lower and higher dose demonstrated major differences. The statistical analysis confirmed that CE concentration had significant differences between groups. The increase in pyrethroid concentration followed by the increase of CE concentration, It indicated that the increasing CE substrates would be followed by the increasing of protein synthesis including CE. PMs in terms of number concentration of the largest (particles/L) is 0.3 µm, followed by 0.5 µm, 1 µm, and 5 µm. Approximately 99.86 % of the mass concentration the breathing zone is contributed by respirable particles (fine and ultrafine particles). Even if ultrafine particles are the largest number concentration, they have no significant contributions to the mass. A very abundant of fine and ultrafine particles affects they were beyond detection limit instruments, thus, they have no significant relationship with CE concentration, even though number concentration is more prominent than the mass concentration in the toxicological field, due to the high surface area of ultrafine particles.
The Physical Activity Patterns of Northern Irish Schoolchildren Ages 11–16 Years

The aim of this study was to provide objective data on the cardiopulmonary fitness and physical activity patterns of Northern Irish postprimary schoolchildren. Forty-five children (23 boys, 22 girls), ages 11-16 years, took part in this study. Each child performed a laboratory test of peak aerobic power (PVO2) and had his/her heart rate monitored for up to 4 school days. The mean values of PVO2 in both boys and girls were in keeping with previous literature. No significant difference was observed between boys and girls in terms of total activity (>50% PVO2), but boys engaged in significantly more vigorous activity (>70% PVO2 than girls did (p<0.05). Younger boys engaged in significantly more vigorous activity than both older boys (p<0.01) and younger girls (p<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between age and total activity for boys (r= −0.476, p<0.05), but not for girls (r= -0.173, n.s.). The surprisingly low levels of physical activity on the part of older children of both sexes are a c.
STOMATAL DENSITY IN THE LEAVES OF SWEET PEPPER PLANT AS AFFECTED BY CERTAIN BIO-STIMULANTS UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS

Increasing salinity levels of the two applied types decreased the number of stomata and its density on both surfaces of sweet pepper leaves as compared with control. In addition, NaCl at 4000 mg/L was more effective in this respect followed by NaCl+CaCl2 and CaCl2. On the other hand, pre-soaking sweet pepper seeds in AsA at 50 mg/L or SA at 75 mg/L increased the number of stomata and its density on both leaf surfaces as compared to control and such salinity levels. Moreover, AsA at 50 mg/L proved to be more affected than SA treatment in this respect.
Immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer: current status and strategies for improving efficacy

Background: Despite improvement in conventional strategies for treating gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoma, large numbers of patients still suffer from incurable or progressive disease. Objective: Here we consider the prospects for circumventing limitations and maximising the efficacy of different immunotherapies. Methods: We summarise different cancer vaccines and targeted drugs and highlight the scientific rationale of using immunotherapy for targeting GI cancers, in addition to the potential strategies for improving immunotherapeutic efficacy. Results/conclusion: Many cancer vaccines and antibody-directed therapies have been tested in early phase clinical trials and demonstrated proof of concept and safety. As yet few have been properly evaluated for clinical efficacy; although adoptive transfer of tumour-associated-antigen-specific T cells has shown dramatic clinical responses in some patients. The recognition of a role for T regulatory cells in limiting anti-tumour immunity has provided momentum for developing strategies to over-ride such immunoinhibitory effects. There is some evidence that conventional therapies may work by influencing these negative factors and allowing expression of immune control mechanisms. An important developing area for clinical evaluation is the testing of combined conventional and immunotherapeutic modalities which may provide for synergy; thereby circumventing the limitations of individualised treatments and generating additional clinical benefits.
Vaginal cytology and cervicovaginal mucus arborisation in the breeding management of bitches

Fifty bitches were mated on the basis of results of vaginal cytological and cervicovaginal mucus arborisation examination. When these were compared with a control group of 50 bitches mated on days 10 and 12 after the onset of proestrus there was a significant increase in pregnancy rate from 78 to 92 per cent. The litter size and bitch productivity was also increased, although this was not statistically significant. Forty-two per cent of bitches had two peaks of anuclear epithelial cells in the vaginal smear, separated by a mean of 3–6 ± 1–5 (SD) days. For these bitches, the maximum percentage of anuclear cells at the second peak was between 57 and 98 per cent, and the mean interval between the calculated day of the surge in plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and the second peak of anuclear cells was 4-4 ± 2-0 days. In bitches with one peak of anuclear epithelial cells, the maximum percentage of anuclear cells was between 43 and 94 per cent and the mean interval between the calculated day of the LH surge and the peak of anuclear cells was 1–9 ± 2-1 days. Arborisation of mucus collected from the anterior vagina was noted in all bitches; the mean interval between the calculated day of the LH surge and the peak of ferning was 2–3 ± 2-1 days. The collection of exfoliative cells by aspiration from the cranial vagina and the assessment of the anuclear cell index, may allow the identification of the fertile period after the surge of plasma LH. The anuclear cell index offers advantages over other methods of classification of exfoliative vaginal cells. When used in combination with examination of arborisation of cervicovaginal mucus this method can improve the breeding management of bitches.