Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labelling the salt content in foods: a useful tool in reducing sodium intake in Finland

Abstract Objective To estimate the impact of choosing food products labelled either as low or high in salt on salt intake in the Finnish adult population. Setting and subjects The National FINDIET 2002 survey with 48-hour recalls from 2007 subjects aged 25–64 years. Sodium intake was calculated based on the Fineli® food composition database including the sodium content of natural and processed foods as well as the salt content of recipes. The distribution of salt intake was calculated in different ways: the present situation; assuming that all breads, cheeses, processed meat and fish, breakfast cereals and fat spreads consumed would be either ‘lightly salted’ or ‘heavily salted’ based on the current labelling practice; and, in addition, assuming that all foods would be prepared with 50% less or more salt. Results Excluding underreporters, the mean salt intake would be reduced by 1.8 g in men and by 1.0 g in women if the entire population were to choose lightly salted products and further by 2.5 and 1.8 g, respectively, if also salt used in cooking were halved. Choosing heavily salted products would increase salt intake by 2.1 g in men and by 1.4 g in women. In the worst scenarios, salt intake would be further increased by 2.3 g in men and by 1.6 g in women. Conclusions These calculations show that the potential impact of labelling and giving consumers the possibility to choose products with less salt is of public health importance. In addition, strategies to reduce the salt content of all food groups are needed.
Humanistic nursing.

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An NN Based Feature Analysis Model for Sleep Apnea Identification

ECG signal is able to identify different kind of heart disease. One of the critical heart problem is the abnormal heart beat behavior during sleep. This problem is recognized as sleep apnea. In this work, a feature adaptive model is presented for Sleep apnea identification. To generate the effective signal features, the spectral subtraction and DWT methods are applied at earlier phase. After generating the low level features, the neural network is applied for signal recognition and disease class identification. The implementation results are obtained on real time sleep apnea dataset. The results show that the work model has provided the recognition rate over 80%.
Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries : Pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials

toctoc Objectives: This study assessed the effects of zinc supplementation in the prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia with the use of a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials in children in developing countries. Study design: Trials included were those that provided oral supplements containing at least one half of the United States Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of zinc in children <5 years old and evaluated the prevention of serious infectious morbidity through household visits. Analysis included 7 "continuous" trials providing 1 to 2 RDA of elemental zinc 5 to 7 times per week throughout the period of morbidity surveillance and 3 "short-course" trials providing 2 to 4 RDA daily for 2 weeks followed by 2 to 3 months of morbidity surveillance. The effects on diarrhea and pneumonia were analyzed overall and in subgroups defined by age, baseline plasma zinc concentration, nutritional status, and sex. The analysis used random effects hierarchical models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs. Results: For the zinc-supplemented children compared with the control group in the continuous trials, the pooled ORs for diarrheal incidence and prevalence were 0.82 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.93) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.88), respectively. Zinc-supplemented children had an OR of 0.59 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.83) for pneumonia. No significant differences were seen in the effects of the zinc supplement between the subgroups examined for either diarrhea or pneumonia. In the shortcourse trials the OR for the effects of zinc on diarrheal incidence (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.28) and prevalence (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.83) and pneumonia incidence (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.37) were similar to those in the continuous trials. Output.
The social stratification of aging and health.

The way health varies with age is importantly stratified by socioeconomic status (SES)--specifically, education and income. Prior theory and cross-sectional data suggest that among higher SES persons the onset of health problems is usually postponed until rather late in life, while health declines are prevalent in lower SES groups by middle age. Thus, SES differences in health are small in early adulthood, but increase with age until relatively late in life, when they diminish due to selection or greater equalization of health risks and protections. The present paper strengthens our causal and interpretive understanding of these phenomena by showing: (1) that results previously reported for indices of SES hold separately for education and income; (2) that the interaction between age and SES (i.e., education or income) in predicting health can be substantially explained by the greater exposure of lower SES persons to a wide range of psychosocial risk factors to health, especially in middle and early old age, and, to a lesser degree, the greater impact of these risk factors on health with age; and (3) that results (1) and (2) generally hold in short-term longitudinal as well as in cross-sectional data. Implications for science and policy in the areas of aging, health, and social stratification are discussed.
An Intertemporal Benchmark Model for Turkey's Current Account *

In this paper, we analyze the Turkish current account between 1992 and 2004 within an intertemporal benchmark model. Increasingly larger current account deficits in the Turkish economy have caused a great level of discussion of the current account but it has mainly focused on the real exchange rate and short-term international competitiveness. However, changes in the fundamentals of the Turkish economy warrant a longer term approach in the analysis. This paper computes the optimal consumption smoothing current account using the intertemporal benchmark model (IBM) and tests for intertemporal solvency of the current account. We find consumption tilting dynamics are in effect. As expected of borrowing developing countries, Turkey tilts consumption to the present. We find support for one of the implications of the IBM, that the current account Granger-causes future changes in national cash flow as implied by the intertemporal benchmark model. However, we also find that the actual consumption smoothing current account is considerably more volatile than the optimal consumption smoothing current account suggesting that speculative forces have driven capital movements during the sample period. From the trends in data and the model and testable implications we believe that although Turkey breached the intertemporal solvency condition in the 1990s, this is not true for Turkey in the period following the 2001 crisis. Therefore, we conclude that changed fundamentals in Turkey have made the high current account deficits sustainable.
Assessment of the acrosomal status of ram spermatozoa by RCA lectin-binding and partition in an aqueous two-phase system.

The acrosome reaction is an important marker for sperm function. Because different laboratory techniques may be used to detect this exocytotic process, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of fluoresceinated lectins to assess the acrosomal status of nonpermeabilized ram spermatozoa. In addition, we used centrifugal countercurrent distribution (CCCD) in an aqueous 2-phase system to assess the sperm surface modifications associated with the acrosome reaction by observing changes in their partition behavior. We analyzed the binding of 5-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated lectins to ram sperm to select a lectin that bound preferentially to the acrosomal region, which would allow differentiation of acrosome-intact from acrosome-damaged ram spermatozoa. Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) bound intensely to the anterior and weakly to the equatorial acrosomal regions. Acrosomal labeling changed when spermatozoa were induced to acrosome-react with calcium ionophore A23187. RCA acrosomal labeling significantly increased (P < .0001) after incubation (84% versus 28% in control samples). To determine if RCA lectin labeling could be used to assess the acrosomal status of fresh ram spermatozoa in suspension, we compared the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm detected by the carboxyfluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (CFDA/PI) double-fluorescent staining with the percentage detected by FITC-RCA labeling. The incidence of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa detected by CFDA/PI was not significantly different (P = .704; 13 comparisons in 6 different experiments) from the incidence of spermatozoa detected by FITC-RCA staining. The evaluation of the spontaneous acrosome reaction by RCA labeling (5.83%) was not significantly different (P = .644) from that assessed by CFDA/PI (6.88%). The percentage of induced acrosome reactions detected by CFDA/PI staining (56%) significantly correlated (P < .0001; r = 0.876) with that detected by RCA labeling (56.67%). We simultaneously carried out a comparative CCCD in an aqueous 2-phase system to analyze sperm surface changes associated with the acrosome reaction. Results revealed that sperm surface hydrophobicity decreased in samples that had been incubated with ionophore compared with the untreated-control samples. Likewise, RCA binding after CCCD showed that all acrosome-reacted cells were stained, whereas only 42% of cells were lectin-labeled in the untreated semen sample. This change in lectin reactivity of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa signals the presence of some deep membrane or intracellular residues that would affect partitioning. Therefore, the FITC-RCA-labeling procedure can be used to accurately assess the acrosomal status of ram spermatozoa in suspension.
Análisis tecno económico basado en la producción de patentes cubanas en Estados Unidos

Dentro de las propuestas para la medicion de los resultados tanto cientificos como tecnologicos, la tendencia de medicion bibliometrica, siempre ha sido una de las mas validas y confiables. Sin embargo, aun no se han desarrollado metodologias lo suficientemente flexibles ni indicadores especificos a cada tipo de documento lo suficientemente adaptables a toda la tipologia de resultados existente en los procesos derivados de la ciencia y la tecnica. Un ejemplo lo constituyen los resultados tecnologicos, especificamente aquellos procedentes de solicitudes y concesiones de patentes. Estos resultados cientifico tecnicos que han propiciado la generacion de una nueva tecnologia aun no disponen, principalmente por parte de organizaciones publicas internacionales de un amplio sistema de indicadores que permitan describir a plenitud su total comportamiento. A partir de este escenario, la presente investigacion pretende analizar el caso especifico de un pais para exponer su propuesta, teniendo como principal objetivo aplicar un grupo de indicadores especificos del documento de patente que permitan describir el comportamiento de la produccion tecnologica de un pais. En este caso se eligen las patentes con mayor visibilidad internacional, o sea, aquellas que han sido concedidas en los Estados Unidos. Se analiza una serie temporal de diez anos: 1997-2007, valorando los sectores tecnologicos mas productores y comercializadores de tecnologias en el pais, sectores tecnicos mas desarrollados; periodos de tiempo mas fertiles; centros de investigacion e investigadores mas productivos; asi como las provincias o regiones mas tecnologas, ademas de otros analisis como la colaboracion entre sectores institucionales e investigadores o tecnologos, clasificaciones tematicas, etc. La investigacion aporta importantes resultados y conclusiones que muestran la pertinencia y relevancia de los indicadores patentometricos que se proponen y la efectividad de la herramienta que se utiliza para su procesamiento y analisis.
[Identification and characterization of synovial mesenchymal stem cells in temporomandibular joint].

OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize mesenchymal stem cells from synovial membrane of temporomandibular joint in vitro. METHODS Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were obtained by limited dilution method and expanded in 25 ml flasks. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to determine the cell growth cycles. The expressions of vimentin and keratin were respectively detected with immunocytochemistry, while the expressions of CD8, CD34, CD44, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Pure mesenchymal stem cells were of spindle shape and uniform in size, which were intensively positive in vimentin, but negative in keratin. The expression of CD44, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were also verified by flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells could be purified from adult synovial membrane of temporomandibular joint.
Assessment of Resistance of Wheat Genotypes (T. aestivum and T. durum) To Boron Toxicity

Copper (Cu) availability to plants depends on a large number of factors and their interactive relationships. Especially, localized excess soil Cu is often a great risk for plant growth on the agricultural lands. Development of resistant varieties to Cu toxicity is a high priority on these regions, where the soils have high levels of Cu. Thus, this study aimed to assess the resistance of wheat genotypes to Cu toxicity using the agronomic and physiologic parameters. For this aim, a pot experiment, based on a completely randomized design with three replications, was conducted using the soil of calcareous usthochrepts. In the study, twenty different wheat genotypes of T. aestivum and T. durum were used. Copper fertilizer at the levels of 0 (-Cu) and 20 mg Cu kg -1 (+Cu) as CuSO 4 . 5H 2 O was applied to the pots. After harvest, plant dry matter yield was recorded, and total Cu concentrations in tops of wheat plants were determined. The results indicated the existence of a large genotypic variation among wheat genotypes to their physiologic and agronomic susceptibility to Cu toxicity. Resistance of bread wheat cultivars of T. aestivum to Cu toxicity were higher than that of wheat cultivars of T. durum under the Cu toxicity condition. Thus, evaluation of assessment of new wheat cultivars to Cu toxicity could also be used in breeding programs in order to develop more Cu-tolerant cultivars.
Two distinct types of hepatitis B virus core promoter variants in Yemeni blood donors

Genetic variations in the basic core promoter (BCP) region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) occur during the natural history of chronic HBV infection. This study investigates the presence of basic core promoter variations in 28 asymptomatic Yemeni blood donors, correlating variations with HBeAg phenotype and viral load. The core promoter/precore and surface gene region of HBV DNA were amplified using nested PCRs and the PCR products were sequenced either directly or after cloning. HBeAg and viral load were measured when HBV DNA was detectable. Sequencing of 18 surface PCR products indicated that all were of genotype D. Two distinct types of variants were identified in the basic core promoter: substitution only (N = 14) and major deletion (N = 9). The commonest substitutions were located at nucleotide positions 1753, 1762, and 1764; 10/14 (71.4%) were associated with the precore 1896A substitution resulting in the premature stop of the precore reading frame and 6/14 (42.9%) had viral loads above 400 copies/ml. Two forms of deletion variants were found: 8 bp deletion (1763–1770) (N = 2) and a novel 12 (1746–1757) + 8 bp (1763–1770) deletion (N = 7). The deletion sequences were never associated with the precore 1896A substitution and all had viral load below 400 copies/ml with negative HBeAg phenotype. The polymorphism 1773C was found in 9/14 (64.3%) substitution sequences whereas all deletion sequences had 1773T. Two donors had mixed sequences of basic core promoter substitution and major deletions (both 8 bp and 12 + 8 bp). While the deletion variants in these two donors were similar to others found in isolation, the substitutions were of a different pattern. Further studies are required to understand the selection process behind these variants. J. Med. Virol. 68:328–334, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A proposed Intelligent Decision Support System for Marketing Planning in Industrial Enterprises

Organizations in industry field and high-velocity business environments are facing rapid and discontinuous change in demand, competitions, technology, and/or regulations. Decision makers operating in such contexts must make high-quality decisions rapidly. In the other side also developments in information and communication technologies make it increasingly possible to support decision makers in such contexts better, faster, and at a lower cost. This provides organizations with new opportunities for real-time decision making, but also intensifies inherent tensions in decision making processes. [8] The goal of this paper is to design and develop an intelligent decision support system to help the decision makers in the industrial enterprises in marketing planning process based on the data available inside or outside the organization. The proposed system named Smart Decision-Maker. The proposed systems deal with structure, semi-structure or non-structure problems. The proposed system forms are produced using Visual Basic to provide an interactive method between the decision maker and system to create a platform to drive more effective marketing planning, which will drive growth for a business in industrial companies. Keywords: Marketing planning, Knowledgebase, intelligent DSS, Structure Problems,
Broadband dual polarised planar aperture arrays for wide field of view applications

The Square Kilometre Array development demands a radio telescope with a high sensitivity, dual polarization and wide field of view over a broad bandwidth to meet the scientific goals. This paper describes a recently developed compact planar aperture array named Octagonal Ring Antenna (ORA). The ORA represents a novel and potentially breakthrough technology using a planar, easily fabricated, structure. It is expressly designed to be a low cost, low loss, wideband array. Based on initial large scale finite array studies prototypes with different geometries have been fabricated and measured. The characteristics and advantages of ORA over other conventional array antenna structures are discussed. The robustness of ORA is investigated in the applications where low cross polarisation and wide range of scan angle are required.
The Relationship between Mental Health and Quality of Work Life and Job Burnout of Elementary School Teachers in District 5 Municipality of Tehran

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and quality of work life and job burnout of elementary school teachers at Education Organization of Tehran Province. The research methodology is “applied” in terms of objective while its research method was “descriptive” which is categorized in the field correlation research in terms of data collection. The subject of study consisted of all teachers of elementary schools in Education Organization of District 5 Municipality of Tehran in the Academic Year 2015 – 2016. Given the above issue, 1,350 people included the study. By referring to Morgan Table, a number of 279 samples were selected using Simple Randomized Sampling Method. The data collection tool was three questionnaires including “Public Health”, “Quality of Working Life” and “Job Burnout”, so that their reliability coefficient was determined 0.865, 0.913 and 0.859 respectively using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. To describe the data, tables of distribution of frequency (dF), linear diagram of means and central indices such as mean, standard deviation (SD), skewness and kurtosis were used. Then, proper tests of inferential statistics [including Kolmogorov – Smirnov Good Fitness Test, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, Determination Coefficient, Mann – Whitney and Kruskal – Wallis] was used for analyzing hypotheses of the research statistically. The results showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between “mental health”, “quality of work life” and “job burnout” among teachers of elementary school in Education Organization of District 5 Municipality of Tehran. In other words, improvement of quality of working life and promotion of mental health among teachers is led to the reduced job burnout.
BRIEF REVIEW BIOLOGY OF GUT CHOLECYSTOKININ AND GASTRIN RECEPTORS

1. The stomach hormone gastrin and the intestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) share a common C‐terminal pentapep‐tide sequence but have different biological roles. Gastrin is the major stimulant of gastric acid secretion and has a growth stimulatory effect on the secretory part of the stomach. The physiological roles of CCK are the stimulation of pancreatic secretion and the contraction of the gall‐bladder.
A Fast Quantization Tree Based Image Retrieval Method

Traditional content-based image retrieval technology expresses the content of each image by feature vectors. Then image retrieval process begins by calculating the similarity between the image to search and the images in the database in terms of the corresponding feature vectors, next ranks the images in the database by a descending order of similarity, and finally outputs the desired top ones. This method shows good accuracy and high efficiency when the image databases are not very big. For modern large image databases, however, these methods will not satisfy users’ requirements for retrieval time and accuracy. To meet these challenges, in this paper, a new content-based image retrieval method is proposed which is similar to the Scalable Vocabulary Tree image retrieval method but with important variations. Experimental results show our method can more efficiently deal with larger image databases while with similar retrieval accuracy.
An electrophysiological investigation of early effects of masked morphological priming

This experiment examined event-related responses to targets preceded by semantically transparent morphologically related primes (e.g., farmer-farm), semantically opaque primes with an apparent morphological relation (corner-corn), and orthographically, but not morphologically, related primes (scandal-scan) using the masked priming technique combined with a semantic categorisation task. In order to provide information about possible early effects of morphology we focused our analysis on the N250 ERP component. Priming effects for transparent and opaque items patterned together in the early phase of the N250 (200–250 ms), whereas the transparent and orthographic items patterned together in the latter phase of this component (250–300 ms). These results provide further evidence in support of the rapid extraction of morphemes from morphologically complex stimuli independently of the semantic relatedness of the whole and its parts.