Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronephonon coupling and related transport properties of metals and intermetallic alloys from first principles

The fundamental scattering mechanisms between electrons and phonons in metals and metallic alloys dictate a wide range of phenomena in their materials’ physics. Using first-principles calculations carried out on dense electron and phonon wavevector grids, we determine the mode-level descriptions of electronephonon interactions for nine characteristic metals, shedding light on their electrical and thermal transport properties at a range of electron and phonon temperatures. Our results reveal that even though there are similarities between the phonon densit of states of various simple metals, the electronic structure can significantly affect the modal contributions to electronephonon coupling in metals. More specifically, we find that in the free-electron-like aluminum, the longitudinal highfrequency phonons contribute significantly to the mass enhancement parameter, whereas transverse phonons dominate the electronephonon coupling in the noble metals with high density of d-band electrons near the Fermi level. In contrast, for intermetallic copperegold alloys and superconducting metals such as Nb and Ta, the spectral contributions are mostly determined by the phonon density of states. The temperature-dependent volumetric electronephonon coupling factor depends strongly on the electronic structures of the metals as it increases for the noble metals and their intermetallic alloys, decreases for Nb and Ta, and demonstrates a non-monotonic change for Al. For copperegold alloys, the electronephonon coupling strength and the volumetric electronephonon coupling factor cannot be taken as the geometric mean of the two metals and are relatively much larger than that of their elemental constituents. We also find that the electron thermal conductivity of the 50/50 CuAu alloy is relatively higher than that of Cu3Au and CuAu3, and the electron thermal conductivities of the 25/75 and 75/25 alloys are similar to experimental measurements of disordered copperegold alloys with the same
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: The CASE OF NAZA MALL, ERBIL, IRAQ

Hypermarkets (malls) have become one of the most salient familiar daily site of consumers in Erbil city, Iraq. The explosive growth of Malls and the intense competition among them has been one of the most important changes that have taken place in this city during the last 7 years. In this context, malls „managers have been engaged in searching for competitive advantage (CA) edges to attract these consumers, and increase their market share. This paper studies the competitive advantage of Naza Mall (NM), the most popular hypermarket in Erbil city. It identifies the variables (price and non-price) underlying the attractiveness of NM. Service, policy, price, convenience, general advantages and promotion are the variables that define the CA of NM. These variables in turn are function of 44 non -observable and qualitative, called factors. They are analyzed using Principle Components factor analysis technique, and supported by cross tabulations. A questionnaire of 394 customers was conducted to test their relevancy. The results suggest that these six variables as function of the 44 factors lead to the CA for NM.
Organization of convective ascents in a warm conveyor belt

Abstract. Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are warm, moist airstreams of extratropical cyclones leading to widespread clouds and heavy precipitation, where associated diabatic processes can influence midlatitude dynamics. Although WCBs are traditionally seen as continuous slantwise ascents, recent studies have emphasized the presence of embedded convection, the impact of which on large-scale dynamics is still debated. Here, detailed cloud and wind measurements obtained with airborne Doppler radar provide unique information on the WCB of the Stalactite cyclone on 2 October 2016 during the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment. The measurements are complemented by a convection-permitting simulation, enabling online Lagrangian trajectories and 3-D objects clustering. Trajectories rising by 150 hPa during a relatively short 12 h window are identified as ascents and examined in the WCB region. One-third take an anticyclonic turn at upper levels, while two-thirds follow the cyclonic flow at lower levels. Identified trajectories that reach a 100 hPa (2 h)−1 threshold are further categorized as fast ascents. They represent one-third of the ascents and are located at lower levels mainly. Both radar observations and simulation reveal the presence of convective updrafts in the WCB region, which are characterized by moderate reflectivity values up to 20 dBZ. Fast ascents and updraft objects with vertical velocities above 0.3 m s−1 consistently show three main types of convection in the WCB region: (i) frontal convection along the surface cold front and the western edge of the low-level jet, (ii) banded convection at about 2 km altitude along the eastern edge of the low-level jet, and (iii) mid-level convection below the upper-level jet. Frontal and banded convection result in shallow ascents, while mid-level convection contributes to the anticyclonic WCB outflow. The results emphasize that convection embedded in WCBs occurs in a coherent and organized manner rather than as isolated cells.
Good Cell and Tissue Culture Practice 2 . 0 2 ( GCCP 2 . 0 ) – Draft for Stakeholder Discussion

4 David Pamies, Marcel Leist, Sandra Coecke, Gerard Bowe, Dave Allen, Gerhard 5 Gstraunthaler, Anna Bal-Price, Francesca Pistollato, Rob deVries, Thomas Hartung and 6 Glyn Stacey 7 Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; Center for Alternatives to Animal 8 Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept inaugurated by the 9 Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; European Commission Joint Research Centre 10 (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC. , Morrisville, NC, USA; Medical University Innsbruck, Department of 11 Physiology, Innsbruck, Austria; Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 12 Baltimore, MD, USA; SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, 13 The Netherlands; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 14 Baltimore, MD, USA; International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Barley, Herts, UK; National Stem Cell Resource Centre, Institute 15 of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy 16 of Sciences, Beijing, China 17 18 19 20 Correspondence: Thomas Hartung, MD PhD 21 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 22 Department of Environmental Health & Engineering 23 Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) 24 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 25 (thartun1@jhu.edu) 26 27 28 29
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins

The innate immune system recognizes pathogen associated molecular patterns through a series of pattern recognition receptors. As important pattern recognition receptors, peptidoglycan recognition proteins, which are highly conserved from insects to humans, can recognize peptidoglycan and peptidoglycan containing bacteria and have important functions in recognition and regulation both in innate and adaptive immunity.
Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and soybean lecithin on spawning performance, egg and broodfish fatty acid and lipid class of striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus

This study aimed to improve egg quality and seedling production through dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and soybean lecithin (SL) supplementation for striped knifejaw broodfish. Experimental white fish meal diet D1, D2 and D3 were added with both DHA (2%) and SL (3%), SL, and DHA, respectively. Three groups of broodfish, having mean body weight of 867 g in female and 1269 g in male, were fed with one of the diets, once a day, for 12 weeks. The D1 and D3 induced superior spawning performance tendency to D2. Highest buoyancy rate, hatching rate and SAT were found in D1 group and highest fecundity was observed in D3 group. The D2 group produced significantly lower egg weight and SAT (P<0.05). The D1 and D3 group significantly increased egg, ovary and muscle DHA levels as compared with D2. However, dietary SL in D1 and D2 did not promote any noticeable change in egg, ovary, liver and muscle phospholipids contents. These results reveal that dietary DHA supplementation improves egg quality and early development in larvae.
USO DE ALIMENTOS Y COMPETICION ENTRE EL MONO NOCTURNO Aotus vociferans Y OTROS MAMIFEROS, LORETO, PERU

Estudios realizados en las cuencas de los rios Napo y Nanay entre 1986 y 1987 han permitido el registro de plantas cuyos frutos fueron usados por Aotus vociferans y otros mamiferos nocturnos. Ellos consumieron mayormente frutos (83%) y en menor proporcion tlores nectar (17%). Los frutos de mayor consumo correspondieron a Ficus sp. (14%) e higa marginata (10%). Entre las flores y nectar destaca por su consumo Eschweilera sp. (10%). El reporte tambien incluye descripciones sobre competencia intraespecifica y con otros mamiferos de habitos similares.
Physiological modeling of retinal neuronal circuit's response to moving stimuli

A frog retinal model that accounts for the framework of physiological and information pathways within a frog's retinal neurons was studied.With the simplified models of major retinal cell types,different simulation results by varying the selection and combination of these models were generated,which were then used to gain understanding on the mechanism for integrating and transmitting information that the model animal uses to detect moving objects,and analyze how the visual system triggered by a single stimulus dynamically extracts and perceives information from moving objects.Based on analysis of dynamic processing mechanisms of differently connected neuronal circuits,the perceptual results of responses were estimated and compared with known physiological data.Experimental results show that the retinal neuronal circuit model can successfully detect moving stimuli and explain the mechanism of retinal neuronal circuits for detecting moving objects.By applying this model to study the directional selectivity of R3 neurons,the effect of spatiotemporal characteristics of the receptive field on moving-object perception was discussed.
The Th1/Th2 paradigm and allergic disorders

In recent years, the great progress achieved in the knowledge of helper T (Th) cell functions has provided the explanation for the joint involvement of IgE-producing B cells, mast cells/basophils, and eosinophils in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. This novel view, which has been defined as the "Th2 hypothesis in allergy", suggests that atopy is a Th2-driven hypersensitivity to innocuous antigens (allergens) of complex genetic and environmental origins (1, 2). The data supporting the Th2 hypothesis in allergy are both conceptual and experimental. First, Th2 cells are the only cells that can directly recognize allergen peptides and account for both mast-cell and eosinophil involvement in the allergic cascade. Secondly, allergens evoke Th2 responses in atopics, and Th2 cells accumulate in the target organs of atopics. Finally, successful specific immunotherapy shifts the allergen-specific response from the Th2 to the Thl pattern (1, 2).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cognitive Deficits and Dementia in Relation to Socioeconomic Class in an Elderly Population of India

We attempted to find the association between age-related cognitive deficits or dementia and socioeconomic class or other risk factors, using a cross-sectional random survey of 595 elderly subjects ages 50-84 years in an urban population of Moradabad, India. The prevalence of cognitive deficit was 18.6% and was significantly higher in men than women (22.3% vs 14.6%; P < 0.05). There was a greater prevalence of cognitive deficits in lower socioeconomic classes. The prevalence of cognitive deficit, including dementia, has become a public health problem in India and is significantly associated with lower socioeconomic class, higher age, smoking, malnutrition, and alcohol intake in men.
Routine pre‐oxygenation – a new ‘minimum standard’ of care?

The safety and well-being of the anaesthetised patient are fundamental goals for the specialty and constantly drive clinical and professional change. Practitioners face increasingly complex anaesthetic machines, sophisticated monitoring devices, an expanding range of drugs, and technology such as ultrasound for vascular access and neural blockade. Teaching and training has becomemore formalised with competency-based assessment and high-fidelity simulation for critical-incident exposure. Practice is increasingly protocol driven and team-working an insistent theme. Against this backdrop, it is easy to overlook basic aspects of clinical practice, but random events do occasionally trigger exploration of dormant issues both critical to patient safety and highly complex. A call for pre-oxygenation to be considered essential in ‘avoiding adverse outcomes when faced with ‘‘difficulty with ventilation’’’ [1] demands analysis both of the clinical topic, and of the dilemma facing the profession in defining and mandating defensible standards. Balance has to be sought between rigidly prescribing process where there is an unequivocal safety benefit and supporting the exercise of professional judgment when the matter is subject to accepted variables. For elements of practice, such as the anaesthetic checklist, where a rigid template can feasibly be generated [2], there can be little logical opposition either to mandating compliance or to the principle of rigidity, which facilitates consistency of both process and training. Once the issue veers towards the clinical interface however, many other factors become active and complicate such a strategy. Differences in patient, procedure, anaesthetist, surgeon, environment, assistance, equipment and after-care facilities, all conspire to confound standardisation of practice, particularly against a background of a weak evidence-base for many aspects of care. Certain scenarios such as the ‘full stomach’ or predictable ‘difficult airway’ lend themselves to ‘accepted techniques’ but it is difficult to envisage the professional bodies explicitly defining every circumstance in which these must always be deployed and in what manner. A more prescriptive approach may be appropriate for certain aspects of care, such as management of complications and, for specific scenarios such as anaphylaxis, warrant endorsement by the professional bodies [3]. It would be both impossible and inappropriate however to rigidly mandate the choice and conduct of technique for routine anaesthesia and it is questionable whether specific aspects of practice can be targeted without considering an extensive range of issues which may similarly improve patient safety. Within this context, how might the call for routine pre-oxygenation to be a mandatory standard, be evaluated on the grounds of benefit, risk, feasibility, implications and enforceability?
Letter to the editor

Authors' affiliations: A.E. J. Dubois, G.R. de Monchy, Department of Allergology, University Hospital Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands J.P. Schouten, Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands S. Durham, Imperial College School of Medicine, At the National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London S3W 6LY, UK D.B. K. Golden, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA S. Rak, Allergy Centre, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 GoÈ teborg, Sweden S.T. Weiss, Department of Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Pollinarium Morphology of 17 Species and 1 Subspecies of Cynanchum(Asclepiadaceae)

The pollinarium morphology of 17 species and 1 subspecies of Cynanchum were observed under light microscope(LM). The results showed that:(1)The sharp and size of pollinarium of Cynanchum were different from various kinds of species.The pollinia were sagging,and their shape were usually spheroidal,prolate,and perprolate.The average size of pollinia was long 327.2 μm×wide 183.9 μm. The shape of retinaculum were oblong,near roundness,near squares,and near triangle,and their average size was long 406.1 μm×wide 231.4 μm. (2)The caudicle of C.alatum was the least developed,while that of C.decipiens was the most developed. (3)The pollinarium morphology of C.atratum and C.officinale,C.corymbosum and C.verticillatum were similar.The results supported the treatment of Cynanchum Sect.Vincetoxicum in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae(Vol.63) and supported that Tylophora should be a unique group.It was considered that C.alatum was the false identification of C.callialatum in Flora of China(Vol.16),since the results in this paper showed their pollinarium morphology were different.
Reply

1. Turner MA, Smith-Hamel C, Boden JM, Mulder RT. Outcomes for 236 patients from a two-year Early Intervention in Psychosis Service. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009;120: 129–137. 2. Turner MA, Smith-Hamel C, Mulder RT. Pathways to care in a New Zealand first episode of psychosis cohort. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006;40:421–428. 3. Birchwood M. Early intervention in psychosis. The critical period hypothesis. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1998;172:53–59. 4. Bertolote J, Mcgorry P. Early intervention and recovery for young people with early psychosis: consensus statement. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 2005;48:116–119.
The spatial heterogeneity of throughfall under the Larix principis-rupprechtii single tree's canopy

The relation of forests and water resource is one of the key scientific issues in ecology and hydrology.To understand the spatial heterogeneity of throughfall under forest canopy and determine the suitable number and location of rain gauges for measuring throughfall exactly under the canopy,throughfall was measured under Larix principis-rupprechtii single tree's canopy during 11 rainfall events,using 32 rain gauges in the growing season(Jun.～Sep.) of 2005.The spatial heterogeneity of leaf area index(LAI) and throughfall ratio was analyzed by statistical and geostatistical method(Semivariance and Kriging interpolation). It indicates that leaf area index(LAI) of canopy has strong spatial heterogeneity at different direction and the LAI reduces with increasing distance from trunk.A negative relation exists between the throughfall ratio and LAI,and the correlative coefficient diminishes with the increase of rainfall.The analysis of semivariance of throughfall shows that the sill C+C-0 reduces with increasing rainfall,and the C-0/(C+C-0) and the fractural D increase with increasing rainfall,and D increases firstly and then diminishes with increasing rainfall intensity.These infer that canopy structure is a key factor influencing spatial variation of throughfall ratio when the rainfall is lower;the influence of canopy weakens with increase of rainfall and the distribution of throughfall is random when rainfall is higher.The distribution map of throughfall in different rainfall events produced by Kriging interpolation shows that the lowest region and the highest "funnel" region of throughfall exist,the lowest region of throughfall is situated in the South or southeast direction of canopy,while and the "funnel" region alters frequently in different rainfall events.The comparison of different rain gauge arrangements indicates that the throughfall measued from at least 5 rain gauges(diameter at least 9 cm) at the 1/2 canopy radius can reasonably represent the average throughfall ratio under the Larix principis-rupprechtii canopy.
Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC –13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions – An experimental study

While spiritual and mental energies are known to man, their impact has never been scientifically measurable in the material world and they remain outside the domain of science. The present experiment on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC –13518], validate the effects of such energy transmitted through a person, Mahendra Trivedi, which has produced an impact measurable in scientifically rigorous manner.
DISCUSSION

The fault of this study is that it is to some extent retrospective. Almost one-third of the patients had the onset of their disease when the facilities for neurological investigation in Iceland were limited, the first neurologist arrived in 1938 followed by the author in 1941. Therefore, mode of onset, as well as time of onset of the disease of these cases is often difficult to ascertain. It explains also why the average interval between onset and diagnosis is so long, i. e. 12 years, McLean and Berkson (1951) had 6 years interval, McAZpine (19571 5 years, Stazio et al. (1964) 5 years, Panelius (1969) 5 years, Kurtzke et al. (1970) 2 years and in the Mayo-Clinic Series it was 7 years. However, the diagnosis of the 94 definite and probable cases can be considered well established, most of the patients having been seen by 2 or more neurologists. So many years after prevalence day it can be assumed that most cases of multiple sclerosis occurring in Iceland have been discovered, the population being conveniently small and the main medical center being situated in Reykjavik. It has now become more obvious that Iceland is a high risk zone for multiple sclerosis. It also emerges from this work that multiple sclerosis is often benign which is in agreement with other authors, McAlpine (19611, Percy et al. (1%8), Kurtzke et al. (1970). The disease is more common in females which is in accordance with most authors. Sex, age at onset and duration of illness do not affect prognosis. Severe disability was the most adverse factor for the risk of death. The death rate was the same for both sexes, and lower than in other reported series. When the main geographical regions were compared, both with respect to birthplace and onsetplace, no significant difference could be found (see table 6a and b, page 2 5 ) . But map 3 indicates that there may be accumulation in 4 local regions, 1 in Eastern, 1 in Southern Iceland and 2 in adjoining regions around Hlinaflbi Bay in Northern Iceland. See also map 4. When each of these 4 local regions was compared with the rest of the country, 3 of them, the East zone and both North zones, showed significant accumulation. Furthermore, 2 of these 4 local regions, 1 in the North zone and 1 in the