Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facial and Skeletal Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Oculopharyngodistal Myopathy

Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce/Ya z›fl ma Ad re si: Hacer Durmuş MD, İstanbul Üniversity İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nöurology, İstanbul, Turkey Gsm: +90 507 947 74 27 E-mail: durmushacer@yahoo.com Re cei ved/Ge lifl Ta ri hi: 20.10. 2014 Ac cep ted/Ka bul Ta ri hi: 06.11. 2014 Objective: Oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) has been reported as a rare, adult-onset hereditary muscle disease. Patients show progressive oculopharyngeal and distal limb muscle involvement. As the genetic defect underlying OPDM is not known yet, the diagnosis currently rests upon clinical and histopathological features. This study was aimed at investigating patterns of muscle alterations of OPDM patients by MRI and to search for possible clues to make differential diagnosis by using a non-invasive method. Ma te ri als and Met hods: Facial, upper and lower extremity muscles of 10 patients with OPDM, followed by the Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, who had undergone detailed evaluation with manual muscle testing and who had different disease severity were evaluated with MRI using conventional T1 and T2 weighted axial images. The degree of muscle involvement on MRI was evaluated according to a modified 5-point scale in extremities and 6-point scale in facial muscles. Re sults: The mean age of onset was 20.1±8.2 years (range 7-39 years) and the mean disease duration was 14.5±12.4 years (range 2-41 years). Seven patients showed dominantly distal, one patient dominantly proximal weakness and two patients had no weakness. The patients without weakness had normal imaging, but facial muscle MRI from one of them revealed mild involvement. Zygomatic and nasal muscles were the most severely and earliest involved muscles in face. MRI of all patients with muscle weakness showed a consistent selective extremity muscle involvement pattern. Distal extremity muscles were more affected than proximal muscles. Earliest and most sever changes were found in semimembranosus, biceps femoris and medial head of gastrocnemius, soleus. Interestingly, sartorius, gracilis and semitendinous muscles and the lateral head of gastrocnemius were well-preserved in OPDM. Conclusion: Muscle MRI by showing selective involvement of exteremity muscle may be a non-invasive tool in the differential diagnosis of OPDM. (Turkish Journal of Neurology 2014; 20:121-125)
Regeneration of locally irradiated bone marrow. I. Dose dependent, long-term changes in the rat, with particular emphasis upon vascular and stromal reaction.

Locally irradiated bone marrow was uniformly depressed during the first week after radiation doses of 2000 to 10,000 rads. The early appearance of hemopoietic regeneration between 7 and 14 days at all dose levels suggested an influx of stem cells from unirradiated sites. Between 2 and 6 months post-irradiation a second wave of hemopoietic depression occurred at all dose levels and was correlated with the disappearance of the sinusoidal microcirculation. Between 6 and 12 months diffuse hemopoietic regeneration occurred only at the 2000 rad level and could be correlated with regeneration of the sinusoidal microcirculation. No significant hemopoiesis or sinusoidal regeneration was observed at the higher dose levels after 6 months or 1 year. Although large vascular channels developed, indicating circulation through the marrow cavity, the characteristic and essential anatomy of the microcirculation was not restored.
Pronatalism in the Inter-war Period in France

France is well known for its unique demographic history.1 The country experienced its demographic transition early and fast: the French birth rate started to fall towards the end of the eighteenth century, thus depriving the country, which at the time of Napoleon was known as ’la Grande Nation’ a seemingly limitless reservoir of men of the huge population increases experienced by its neighbours in the nineteenth century. Great Britain and Germany, the French observed, derived considerable power from their population boom: they were able to man a vigorous industrial revolution, colonize and populate new continents, and maintain large armies without any strain.2 2
Spinal Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Increase after Dexamethasone Treatment in Male Rats with Chronic Inflammation

Dexamethasone is widely used in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases for its pain-modulating effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on nociception and local inflammation, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the spinal cord in male rats with chronic inflammation induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Rats were randomly divided into a control group (not manipulated) and 2 CFA-induced chronic inflammation groups (in the 15th post-CFA injection): 1 injected with vehicle (saline solution) and 1 received dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg) for 8 days. The hot-plate and electronic von Frey tests were performed 24 h after the end of treatment. BDNF spinal cord levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of inflammation in the tibiotarsal joint (the ankle region) was evaluated histologically at the end of treatment. Dexamethasone produced significantly increased latency in the hot-plate test (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) and withdrawal threshold in the electronic von Frey test (p < 0.005). The dexamethasone group showed increased spinal cord BDNF levels compared to the other groups (one-way ANOVA p, < 0.05). Histological analysis showed a local inflammatory response only in animals treated with vehicle, which demonstrated that the dexamethasone treatment decreased the inflammatory process. Our findings corroborate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of dexamethasone. In addition, we showed that the dexamethasone treatment increased BDNF levels in the spinal cord; its pain- modulating effects can be attributed to this effect.
L'assemblage de réseaux et de chaînes logistiques comme nouvelle forme de collaboration

L’environnement economique actuel se caracterise par la volatilite des marches, des produits a cycles de vie courts, et des entreprises geographiquement dispersees. Afin d’assurer une meilleure collaboration sur la gestion de leurs flux, de nombreuses entreprises mettent en place des chaines logistiques temporaires et reconfigurables selon les besoins. Celles-ci sont souvent centrees autour d’un acteur pivot exercant des fonctions relativement stables. Cet article identifie a travers deux etudes de cas complementaires un nouveau role de « pivot-assembleur » permettant une meilleure prise en compte des differentes temporalites des chaines logistiques.
Evolution of Competitive Equilibrium with Endogenous Product Differentiation

Previous theoretical researches show that learning from good performers yields intense competition and results in the low profitability of firms. These researchers do not take into account differentiation strategies being referred as a useful strategic tool to mitigate competition. We introduce an evolutionary (learning) game into a duopoly model with product differentiation on the Hotelling line. We find that central agglomeration appears in the unique stochastically stable state in which the equilibrium price is equal to the marginal cost of firms. This implies that perfectly competitive equilibrium appears even when firms have an opportunity to differentiate themselves through product differentiation and to mitigate competition.
Plantar heel pain

#### What you need to know A 56 year old retail manager complains of four months of pain under her left heel. It is worse first thing in the morning and after sitting. About one in 10 people aged over 50 years report plantar heel pain.1 A recent ultrasound study of 175 feet with plantar heel pain in a secondary care population diagnosed plantar fasciitis in 73% of cases.2 The symptoms above are typical. ### Take a history Ask the patient where the pain is and what it feels like. Patients with plantar fasciitis typically describe a sharp pain under the heel. It may extend along the arch of the foot, from the insertion, along the length of the plantar fascia. Pain is worse when taking their initial steps in the morning and eases after a few minutes of walking, but it may return on weight bearing after periods of inactivity during the day. Symptoms are bilateral in about a third of cases.3 Explore alternative diagnoses. Trauma from landing on the heel from height can fracture the calcaneum, for example. Previous surgery to the area could lead to longstanding heel pain of iatrogenic causes. If there is pain elsewhere in the body, …
Experiment informed methodology for thermal design of PM machines

The common approach used in the thermal design of electrical machines is calibrating thermal models based on the designer's previous experience, or hardware tests on a prototype machine. This allows for various manufacture and assembly nuances to be accounted for in the design process, assuring accurate and computationally efficient predictions of the machine thermal behaviour. The post-manufacture calibration of thermal models from tests on a complete machine has limited use in development of machine topologies, where no previous experience or machine hardware exist. In this context, an experiment informed design technique that makes use of reduced order machine sub-assemblies presents an attractive alternative. In particular, the hardware manufacture cost and time is significantly reduced compared to the prototyping of the complete machine assembly. This allows for numerous hardware samples to be constructed and tested, to inform the machine design process. The use of the machine sub-assembly testing is focused, but not limited to identifying and quantifying various power loss and heat transfer phenomena. This paper reviews the applicability of the sub-assembly testing in a broader context of the machine design. The aim of the research focuses on formulating a basis for sub-assembly based, experiment informed methodology for the thermal design of electrical machines.
Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants ( NOACs ) for stroke prevention in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation : Time for a reappraisal

Publisher Rights Statement: NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as Lip Gregory Y.H. , Wang Kang-Ling, Chiang Chern-En, Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) for stroke prevention in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: Time for a reappraisal, International Journal of Cardiology (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard. 2014.11. 182
Ustekinumab: Treatment of Adult Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

Objective: To systematically review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of ustekinumab to inform pharmacists and other healthcare professionals of this new biologic therapy for psoriasis. Data Sources: A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts was performed through July 2009, limited to publications in English, using the search terms CNTO-1275, ustekinumab, interleukin-12, interleukin-23, and/or psoriasis to identify literature sources. References from the retrieved articles were also evaluated to identify relevant literature. An abstract from a Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and unpublished Phase 3 clinical trials in progress (using www.clinicaltrials.gov) were also reviewed. The Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and Health Canada Web sites were used to retrieve product monographs, regulatory guidances, and advisory committee briefing packets. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All available studies relevant to the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical safety/efficacy of ustekinumab for the treatment of psoriasis were included, with preference for human data. Data Synthesis: Ustekinumab, an anti-interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, achieved the primary endpoint of 75% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score in a large proportion of patients in the Phase 3 PHOENIX trials. Commensurate improvements were also seen in the Physician's Global Assessment and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores. These efficacy results were reproduced in the ACCEPT trial, demonstrating superiority of ustekinumab to etanercept. The frequency of adverse events was similar between ustekinumab and placebo; common adverse events reported included nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, arthralgia, cough, and injection site reactions. Phase 3 studies indicate that the optimal dosing appears to be 45 mg for patients weighing less than 100 kg or 90 mg for patients weighing more than 100 kg, with both doses administered subcutaneously. In these studies, the second dose was given 4 weeks after the first and then every 8–12 weeks thereafter, based upon response. Conclusions: Ustekinumab, a promising new therapy, reduces the extent and severity of psoriasis and was well tolerated in clinical trials. Ongoing clinical trials will allow clinicians to further assess the efficacy/safety profile of this novel biologic.
The Development of ICAME and the Brown Family of Corpora

Knut Hofland has been closely and continuously connected with two seminal developments in the history of corpus linguistics: the development of the organization known as ICAME (in full: the International Computer Archive of Modern and Medieval English), and the development of the Brown Family of Corpora. The best way I can find to pay tribute to Knut's key contribution to corpus linguistics is to sketch the history of these two interconnected development of corpus linguistics, and of his role in them. Keywords : ICAME; Brown Family
Effect of youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus on incidence of end-stage renal disease and mortality in young and middle-aged Pima Indians.

CONTEXT The long-term outcome of persons with youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been well described. OBJECTIVE To compare incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality in Pima Indians with youth- and older-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal population-based study conducted between 1965 and 2002 in Pima Indians from the state of Arizona. Participants were divided into 2 groups: (1) youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (onset <20 years of age) and (2) older-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (onset > or =20 - <55 years of age). Events and person-years of follow-up were stratified in a time-dependent fashion by decades of age. End-stage renal disease was defined as dialysis attributed to diabetic nephropathy or death from diabetic nephropathy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence rate of diabetic ESRD and mortality between 25 and 55 years of age, according to age at onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Among the 1856 diabetic participants, 96 had youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. The age-sex-adjusted incidence of diabetic ESRD was 25.0 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-43.1) in youth-onset diabetes mellitus and 5.4 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 4.4-6.4) in older-onset diabetes mellitus (incidence rate ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2-9.8). Age-specific incidence rates were higher in participants with youth-onset diabetes mellitus at all ages. Between 25 and 55 years of age, the age-sex-adjusted death rate from natural causes was 15.4 deaths per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 0.2-30.5) in participants with youth-onset diabetes mellitus and 7.3 deaths per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 5.9-8.7) in individuals with older-onset diabetes mellitus (death rate ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.8-5.7). Compared with nondiabetic participants, the death rate was 3.0 times as high in individuals with youth-onset diabetes mellitus (95% CI, 1.1-8.0) and 1.4 times as high in individuals with older-onset diabetes mellitus (95% CI, 1.1-1.8). In a subset of 1386 participants with complete data for all covariates who were observed from the onset of diabetes mellitus, the age at onset of diabetes mellitus was not associated with the incidence of ESRD (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9-1.2) after adjusting for sex, mean arterial pressure, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), plasma glucose concentration, smoking, hypoglycemic medicines, and blood pressure medicines in a Cox proportional-hazards model. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with substantially increased incidence of ESRD and mortality in middle age. The longer duration of diabetes mellitus by middle age in individuals diagnosed younger than age 20 years largely accounts for these outcomes.
Effect of Temperature on Oxygen Stores during Aerobic Diving in the Freshwater Turtle Mauremys caspica leprosa

Oxygen stores available for aerobic diving were studied in the freshwater turtle (Mauremys caspica leprosa) at three constant body temperatures (15°, 25°, and 35°C) and during the thermal transient (30°- 15°C) induced by immersion in cold water. The term "aerobic dive limit" has been defined as the maximal duration of the dive before lactate increases. This increase occurs when a critical PO₂ value is reached, and it is well characterized at lung level by a sharp increase in the lung apnoeic respiratory quotient. Kinetic analysis of lung gas composition during forced dives at fixed body temperature shows that critical PO₂ values rise with temperature and that the postventilatory PO₂ at the beginning of a dive decreases, so that the two temperature-dependent factors lead to a significant decrease with temperature in the lung O₂ stores available for aerobic diving. During dives with transient body cooling, a natural condition in M. caspica leprosa, temperature equilibration occurs fast enough to expand aerobic scope by bearing the critical PO₂ to the same value obtained at a fixed temperature of 15°C. These dives are characterized by reversed CO₂ transport (from lung to tissues) and therefore by negative values of the lung respiratory quotient; a decrease in temperature increases CO₂ capacitance of tissues, resulting in a fall in PCO₂2 at constant CO₂ content. Because this does not occur in the gas phase, PCO₂2 difference can lead to diffusion in the direction opposite from normal. This pattern may favour lung-to-tissue O₂ transfer, through the Bohr effect. Therefore, the aerobic dive limit is reduced at high temperature not only through a metabolic rate effect but also through a marked decrease in the available O₂ stores; fast body cooling (30°- 15°C) associated with immersion in cold water extends the O₂ stores available for aerobic diving to a level similar to that of immersions at constant body temperatures that are in equilibrium with water temperature.
Kininase-independent potentiation of endothelium-dependent relaxations to kinins by converting enzyme inhibitor perindoprilat.

AIM The present study examined whether or not the resistance to degradation of bradykinin analogs affects the kinin-potentiating action of the inhibitor of converting enzyme, perindoprilat. METHODS Hydrolysis of Hyp3,Tyr(Me)8 -bradykinin by ACE present in isolated canine coronary arteries was assessed by determination of peptide metabolites using electrospray mass spectrometry, and compared to that of bradykinin. Contractions and relaxations of isolated rings of coronary arteries, with and without endothelium, were recorded as changes in isometric force. RESULTS After a 30 min incubation, most of the bradykinin was degraded by the arteries, while less than 10 % of Hyp3,Tyr(Me)8 -bradykinin was hydrolysed. In organ chambers, Hyp3,Tyr(Me)8 -bradykinin like bradykinin caused relaxations of isolated canine coronary arteries with endothelium that could be attributed to both NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Perindoprilat caused a comparable leftward shift in the concentration-relaxation curves for bradykinin and Hyp3,Tyr(Me)8 -bradykinin. CONCLUSION Impairment of the degradation of bradykinin is not an essential mechanism by which perindoprilat potentiates the actions of kinins.
Monitoring and Source Tracking of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Lagoons and Groundwater Adjacent to Swine Production Facilities over a 3-Year Period

ABSTRACT To monitor the dissemination of resistance genes into the environment, we determined the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (Tcr) genes in groundwater underlying two swine confinement operations. Monitoring well networks (16 wells at site A and 6 wells at site C) were established around the lagoons at each facility. Groundwater (n = 124) and lagoon (n = 12) samples were collected from the two sites at six sampling times from 2000 through 2003. Total DNA was extracted, and PCR was used to detect seven Tcr genes [tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), tet(C), tet(H), and tet(Z)]. The concentration of Tcr genes was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. To confirm the Tcr gene source in groundwater, comparative analysis of tet(W) gene sequences was performed on groundwater and lagoon samples. All seven Tcr genes were continually detected in groundwater during the 3-year monitoring period at both sites. At site A, elevated detection frequency and concentration of Tcr genes were observed in the wells located down-gradient of the lagoon. Comparative analysis of tet(W) sequences revealed that the impacted groundwater contained gene sequences almost identical (99.8% identity) to those in the lagoon, but these genes were not found in background libraries. Novel sequence clusters and unique indigenous resistance gene pools were also found in the groundwater. Thus, antibiotic resistance genes in groundwater are affected by swine manure, but they are also part of the indigenous gene pool.
Retirement differences by industry and occupation.

A common perception is that workers in some kinds of jobs retire earlier than others. The evidence presented here confirms that retirement patterns differ by occupation and industry. Three explanations for these differences are considered: job satisfaction, workplace injury or illness, and job productivity. Workers who retire earlier appear to do so for health and productivity reasons. Language: en
Analysis of outcome following allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for myeloma using myeloablative conditioning – evidence for a superior outcome using melphalan combined with total body irradiation

We have undertaken a retrospective multicentre analysis of 139 patients (median age 44·4 years) undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for multiple myeloma using myeloablative conditioning. The majority of patients received total body irradiation (TBI) combined with either melphalan (56·9%) or cyclophosphamide (28·5%). Overall, transplant‐related mortality (TRM) was 37·9% at 1 year and was not significantly different for patients receiving melphalan/TBI compared with cyclophosphamide/TBI. The overall complete remission (CR) rate, including patients in CR at the time of transplant, was greater for patients receiving melphalan/TBI (64·7%) compared with cyclophosphamide/TBI (47·2%)(P = 0·085). A significantly higher proportion of patients with continuing disease at the time of transplant achieved CR post‐transplant following melphalan/TBI conditioning compared with cyclophosphamide/TBI (52·9% and 33·4% respectively, P = 0·009). Relapse/progression rates at 5 years were significantly lower for melphalan/TBI (36·7%) compared with cyclophosphamide/TBI (80·8%, P < 0·0001) and remained significant in multivariate analysis. This resulted in an overall survival at 5 years of 44·1% and 28·1% for melphalan/TBI and cyclophosphamide/TBI, respectively (P = 0·059). These results demonstrate that the type of conditioning for sibling allogeneic HSCT for myeloma has a major effect on transplant outcome.