Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trilateration in Indoor Positioning with an Uncertain Reference Point

With the increase of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, indoor positioning systems have begun to gain importance. Since there is no widespread technique in this area like Global Positioning System (GPS) at outdoors, a vast variety of techniques and technologies are being used in indoor positioning. Triangulation is one of the most frequently used techniques which can be categorized into two techniques: lateration and angulation. Lateration technique uses distance information in the estimation of location while the angulation technique uses angles besides distances. The lateration technique is called as trilateration when it is applied in two dimensional space. In this paper, trilateration technique is analyzed where one of the reference points resides of an uncertain location. The location of an object is estimated as an area by using two certain reference points. The proposed method determines an added value which represents how much the area is reduced. Experiments are performed to calculate an approximate added value without applying the proposed method because of the costly calculation requirements. The results of the experiments and the obtained added values are also reported as final evaluation of the study.
Automated Login Method Selection in a Multi-modal Authentication System : Login Method Selection based on User Behavior

An intelligent model is proposed to automate selection of login authentication method in a multi-model authentication system based on user behavior profile. The proposed protocol analyzes the user behavior data to minimize the process in real time and prevent untrusted attempt, meanwhile, it able to facilitate frictionless user experience in a multi-modal authentication system. The proposed system determines a user at a log-in interface and retrieves the user’s behavioral historical data as its determinant factors, matching user behavior based on data retrieval from database. Wherein the behavioral data includes the user’s login sessions time, geolocation, accessed application and type of user-agent used. The system processes the behavioral data to generate a user profile by a profiling module, at that point, evaluates the user’s profile by factoring in environmental parameters of the user terminal to select an authentication method by an evaluation module. The selected authentication method will be displayed for the user to complete the authentication process. On the other hand, the system will updating the user profile with data relating to a new successful login session for future evaluation.
Use Of Random Network Coding Inpeer-To-Peer Networks – Review

Random network coding has seen practical and realworld applications in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, in which overlap network topologies are formed among participating end hosts, called peers. With random network coding, network nodes between the source and receivers are able to not only relay and replicate data packets, but also code them using randomly generated coding coefficients. There is a new trace collection protocol that allows operators to diagnose peer-to peer networks. The power of progressive encoding to increase block diversity and tolerate extreme block losses by introducing redundancy in the network. The protocol controls the redundancy presented through progressive encoding. The random network coding is beneficial in P2P network.
Road-Following-Based Navigation in Park and Pedestrian Street with Finding Intersection and Orientation Detection

我々が暮らす実世界の中で,移動ロボットが与えられた目的 を自律的に達成するためには,絶えず変化する周囲の環境をロ バストに取得・認識し,次に行うべき行動を計画し,どのよう に手足を動かすか決定し,実際にアクチュエータを動かす,と いった一連の動作が必要である. 情報科学・工学や機械工学・ 制御工学の多くの分野では,これらの一つ一つの部分について, 長年にわたって自動化・機械化を行う研究が行われているが,そ れらの技術を単に組み合わせるだけでは,現実の世界で動作す るシステムを構築することは容易ではない. これが,実世界で 働くシステムを実際に開発する研究アプローチの意義である. 実世界で動作する自律移動ロボットの研究としては,2007年 に開催されたDARPAアーバンチャレンジにおいて,交通規則 に従って動作する移動ロボットが模擬的な市街地環境で動作す るための技術研究が行われ,総延長 97 [km] の自律走行が,6 チームによって実現された [1]~[4]. DARPAアーバンチャレン ジにおいては,参加した自律移動ロボットには多くのセンサと, そのデータを処理して環境認識と動作計画を行うためのラップ トップコンピュータを複数台搭載していることが普通であった.
Correction

Measles virus infection is associated with suppression of immune functions both in vivo and in vitro. The virus infects T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and monocytes, but does not produce cytolysis. One consequence of infection in vitro is the failure of T and B lymphocyte mixtures to cooperate in secreting Ig in a PWM-driven system. Here we report that this defect in Ig secretion resides in the infected B lymphocyte, but not in the T lymphocyte or monocyte. Further, NK cells are not involved, since neither their depletion nor reconstitution abrogates suppression of B cell function. Proliferation of B cells in the early culture period is suppressed, suggesting that measles virus suppresses B cell development at the activation or proliferation stages, but does not affect terminal differentiation into Ig secreting cells.
Perceptual organization of acoustic stimuli by budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): III. Contact calls.

We trained budgerigars by operant conditioning to discriminate among a set of contact calls in a same-different task and analyzed response latencies from this task by using multidimensional-scaling (MDS) and cluster-analysis procedures. Humans listened to the same calls and indicated the similarity between pairs of calls by a direct rating procedure. An MDS program (sindscal) was used to arrange these complex acoustic stimuli in multidimensional space reflecting perceptual organization. Multiple regression techniques were used to identify the acoustic characteristics of contact calls that were correlated with the perceptual dimensions obtained from MDS. A number of spectral characteristics (e.g., peak frequency, rate of frequency modulation, and concentration of spectral energy) emerged as important for both budgerigars and humans, but the relative salience of these cues differed for the two species. Additional tests with two groups of budgerigars--cagemates and noncagemates--showed that experience with calls can change the salience of various acoustic characteristics used for perceptual organization and individual recognition.
Combination of UVB Absorbing Titanium Dioxide and Quercetin Nanogel for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention

Sunscreens are widely prescribed and used to prevent skin cancer; however, they have been reported to contain various chemicals which mimic hormones and disrupt hormonal functioning in humans. The aim of this study was to develop topical nanogel for skin cancer prevention using an antioxidant compound quercetin (Qu) and inorganic titanium dioxide (TiO2). Two formulations of Qu nanocrystals were optimized with low and high concentration of drug using the Box-Behnken design with the quadratic response surface model and further homogenized with TiO2. Qu nanocrystal (0.08% and 0.12%) formulations showed a particle size of 249.65 ± 2.84 nm and 352.48 ± 3.56 nm with zeta potential of − 14.7 ± 0.41 mV and − 19.6 ± 0.37 mV and drug content of 89.27 ± 1.39% and 90.38 ± 1.81% respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed rod-shaped nanocrystals with a particle size below 400 nm. Qu (0.08%), Qu (0.12%), Qu (0.12%) + TiO2 (5%), and Qu (0.12%) + TiO2 (15%) nanogels showed over 70% drug release with significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced skin deposition of Qu as compare with Qu suspension within 24 h. The average numbers of tumor, tumor volume, and percentage of animals with tumors at onset in the Qu (0.12%) + TiO2 (15%) nanogel-pretreated group was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) less as compared with the UV only exposed group. Further, Qu (0.12%) + TiO2 (15%) nanogel significantly (p < 0.001) downregulated COX-2, EP3, EP4, PCNA, and cyclin D1 expressions in contrast to Qu and TiO2 only pretreated groups. Therefore, novel combination of Qu (0.12%) + TiO2 (15%) with enhanced skin deposition can be used as a chemopreventive strategy in UVB-induced skin photocarcinogenesis.
The dermatophytes

The etiologic agents of the dermatophytoses (ringworm) are classified in three anamorphic (asexual or imperfect) genera, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. Species capable of reproducing sexually belong in the teleomorphic genus, Arthroderma, of the Ascomycota. On the basis of primary habitat association, they may be grouped as geophilic (soil associated), zoophilic, and anthropophilic. Adaptation to growth on humans by most geophilic species resulted in diminished loss of sporulation, sexuality, and other soil-associated characteristics. The dermatophytes have the ability to invade keratinized tissue (skin, hair, and nails) but are usually restricted to the nonliving cornified layer of the epidermis because of their inability to penetrate viable tissue of an immunocompetent host. However, invasion does elicit a host response ranging from mild to severe. Acid proteinases, elastase, keratinases, and other proteinases reportedly act as virulence factors. The development of cell-mediated immunity correlated with delayed hypersensitivity and an inflammatory response is associated with clinical cure, whereas the lack of or a defective cell-mediated immunity predisposes the host to chronic or recurrent dermatophyte infection. Chronic dermatophytosis is mostly caused by Trichophyton rubrum, and there is some evidence that mannan produced by this fungus suppresses or diminishes the inflammatory response. Since dermatophytes cause a communicable disease, modes of transmission and control are discussed as well as a survey of recent trends in therapy. Collection of specimens, culture media, and tests for identification are also presented. Genetic studies have led to an understanding of incompatibility mechanisms, pleomorphism and variation, resistance to griseofulvin, and virulence. Molecular biology has contributed to our knowledge of the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes.
Mica Filler Effect on Electrical Characteristics of Polymer Insulators

This paper presents an experimental measurements of ac 50 Hz flashover voltage (kV) of hydrophobic polyester and composite insulators under dry and some environmental conditions. Cylindrical rod polyester composite samples with varying concentrations (20 to 40 weight %) of mica have been prepared to improve the electrical and mechanical properties in addition to maximize the surface flashover voltage and decrease the erosion and tracking phenomena. By using five lengths for each concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5) cm each test was repeated five times on each sample under the same conditions to check the accuracy of the results. Results showed that electrical properties of composite were found to increase with mica concentration at 2.5cm sample length flashover voltage reaches to 25.5kV for samples without filler and 50.41 kV for samples containing 40% of mica filler in dry condition. A comparison between five different conditions showed higher flashover voltage for samples in dry condition than that of samples in (wet, 5wt.% sodium chloride, 10wt.% sodium chloride, and 10wt.% nitric acid)conditions at all filler concentrations. Mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength were found to decrease with mica concentration.
Deep neural network for Wannier function centers

We introduce a deep neural network (DNN) model that assigns the position of the centers of the electronic charge in each atomic configuration on a molecular dynamics trajectory. The electronic centers are uniquely specified by the unitary transformation that maps the occupied eigenstates onto maximally localized Wannier functions. In combination with deep potential molecular dynamics, a DNN approach to represent the potential energy surface of a multi-atom system at the ab-initio density functional level of theory, the scheme makes possible to predict the dielectric properties of insulators using samples and trajectories inaccessible to direct ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation, while retaining the accuracy of that approach. As an example, we report calculations of the infrared absorption spectra of light and heavy water at a dispersion inclusive hybrid functional level of theory, finding good agreement with experiment. Extensions to other spectroscopies, like Raman and sum frequency generation, are discussed.
Uncertainty Estimates for Ordinal Embeddings

To investigate objects without a describable notion of distance, one can gather ordinal information by asking triplet comparisons of the form "Is object $x$ closer to $y$ or is $x$ closer to $z$? " In order to learn from such data, the objects are typically embedded in a Euclidean space while satisfying as many triplet comparisons as possible. In this paper, we introduce empirical uncertainty estimates for standard embedding algorithms when few noisy triplets are available, using a bootstrap and a Bayesian approach. In particular, simulations show that these estimates are well calibrated and can serve to select embedding parameters or to quantify uncertainty in scientific applications.
Software Engineering Research Community Viewpoints on Rapid Reviews

Background: One of the most important current challenges of Software Engineering (SE) research is to provide relevant evidence to practice. In health related fields, Rapid Reviews (RRs) have shown to be an effective method to achieve that goal. However, little is known about how the SE research community perceives the potential applicability of RRs. Aims: The goal of this study is to understand the SE research community viewpoints towards the use of RRs as a means to provide evidence to practitioners. Method: To understand their viewpoints, we invited 37 researchers to analyze 50 opinion statements about RRs, and rate them according to what extent they agree with each statement. Q-Methodology was employed to identify the most salient viewpoints, represented by the so called factors. Results: Four factors were identified: Factor A groups undecided researchers that need more evidence before using RRs; Researchers grouped in Factor B are generally positive about RRs, but highlight the need to define minimum standards; Factor C researchers are more skeptical and reinforce the importance of high quality evidence; Researchers aligned to Factor D have a pragmatic point of view, considering RRs can be applied based on the context and constraints faced by practitioners. Conclusions: In conclusion, although there are opposing viewpoints, there are also some common grounds. For example, all viewpoints agree that both RRs and Systematic Reviews can be poorly or well conducted.
Some questions on global distinction for $\mathrm{SL}(n)$

Let $E/F$ be a quadratic extension of number fields and let $\pi$ be an $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{A}_F)$-distinguished cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{A}_E)$. Using an unfolding argument, we prove that an element of the $\mathrm{L}$-packet of $\pi$ is distinguished if and only if it is $\psi$-generic for a non-degenerate character $\psi$ of $N_n(\mathbb{A}_E)$ trivial on $N_n(E+\mathbb{A}_F)$, where $N_n$ is the group of unipotent upper triangular matrices of $\mathrm{SL}_n$. We then use this result to analyze the non-vanishing of the period integral on different realizations of a distinguished cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{A}_E)$ with multiplicity $> 1$, and show that in general some canonical copies of a distinguished representation inside different $\mathrm{L}$-packets can have vanishing period. We also construct examples of everywhere locally distinguished representations of $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{A}_E)$ the $\mathrm{L}$-packets of which do not contain any distinguished representation.
Single-lined Spectroscopic Binary Star Candidates from a Combination of the RAVE and Gaia DR2 Surveys

The combination of the final version of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) spectroscopic survey data release 6 with radial velocities (RVs) and astrometry from Gaia DR2 allows us to identify and create a catalog of single-lined binary star candidates (SB1), their inferred orbital parameters, and to inspect possible double-lined binary stars (SB2). A probability function for the detection of RV variations is used for identifying SB1 candidates. The estimation of orbital parameters for main-sequence dwarfs is performed by matching the measured RVs with theoretical velocity curves sampling the orbital parameter space. The method is verified by studying a mock sample from the SB 9 catalog. Studying the boxiness and asymmetry of the spectral lines allows us to identify possible SB2 candidates, while matching their spectra to a synthetic library indicates probable properties of their components. From the RAVE catalog we select 37,664 stars with multiple RV measurements and identify 3838 stars as SB1 candidates. Joining Rave and Gaia DR2 yields 450,646 stars with RVs measured by both surveys and 27,716 of them turn out to be SB1 candidates, which is an increase by an order of magnitude over previous studies. For main-sequence dwarf candidates we calculate their most probable orbital parameters: orbital periods are not longer than a few years and primary components have masses similar to the solar mass. All our results are available in the electronic version.
Dynamic Drawing Guidance via Electromagnetic Haptic Feedback

We propose a system to deliver dynamic guidance in drawing, sketching and handwriting tasks via an electromagnet moving underneath a high refresh rate pressure sensitive tablet. The system allows the user to move the pen at their own pace and style and does not take away control. The system continously and iteratively measures the pen motion and adjusts magnet position and power according to the user input in real-time via a receding horizon optimal control formulation. The optimization is based on a novel approximate electromagnet model that is fast enough for use in real-time methods, yet provides very good fit to experimental data. Using a closed-loop time-free approach allows for error-correcting behavior, gently pulling the user back to the desired trajectory rather than pushing or pulling the pen to a continuously advancing setpoint. Our experimental results show that the system can control the pen position with a very low dispersion of 2.8mm (+/-0.8mm). An initial user study indicates that it significantly increases accuracy of users drawing a variety of shapes and that this improvement increases with complexity of the shape.
Are the observed gaps in protoplanetary discs caused by growing planets?

Recent detailed observations of protoplanetary discs revealed a lot of substructures that are mostly ring like. One interpretation is that these rings are caused by growing planets. These potential planets are not yet opening very deep gaps in their discs. These planets instead form small gaps in the discs to generate small pressure bumps exterior to their orbits that stop the inflow of the largest dust particles. In the pebble accretion paradigm, this planetary mass corresponds to the pebble isolation mass, where pebble accretion stops and efficient gas accretion starts. We perform planet population synthesis via pebble and gas accretion including type-I and type-II migration. In the first stage of our simulations, we investigate the conditions necessary for planets to reach the pebble isolation mass and compare their position to the observed gaps. We find that in order to match the gap structures 2000ME in pebbles is needed, which would be only available for the most metal-rich stars. We then follow the evolution of these planets for a few Myr to compare the resulting population with the observed exoplanet populations. Planet formation in discs with these large amounts of pebbles results in mostly forming gas giants and only very little super-Earths, contradicting observations. This leads to the conclusions that either (i) the observed discs are exceptions, (ii) not all gaps in observed discs are caused by planets, or (iii) that we miss some important ingredients in planet formation related to gas accretion and/or planet migration.
Gut microbiome composition: back to baseline?

In Nature Microbiology, Palleja and colleagues studied the changes in gut microbiome composition in twelve healthy men over a period of six months following an antibiotic intervention. The authors argued that the 'gut microbiota of the subjects recovered to near-baseline composition within 1.5 months' and only exhibited a 'mild yet long-lasting imprint following antibiotics exposure. ' We here present a series of re-analyses of their original data which demonstrate a significant loss of microbial taxa even after the complete study period of 180 days. Additionally we show that the composition of the microbiomes after the complete study period only moderately correlates with the initial baseline states. Taken together with the lack of significant compositional differences between day 42 and day 180, we think that these findings suggest the convergence of the microbiomes to another stable composition, which is different from the pre-treatment states, instead of a recovery of the baseline state. Given the accumulating evidence of the role of microbiome perturbations in a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, as well as the crucial role antibiotics play in modern medicine, we consider these differences in compositional states worthy of further investigation.
Near Optimal Stratified Sampling

The performance of a machine learning system is usually evaluated by using i.i. d. \ observations with true labels. However, acquiring ground truth labels is expensive, while obtaining unlabeled samples may be cheaper. Stratified sampling can be beneficial in such settings and can reduce the number of true labels required without compromising the evaluation accuracy. Stratified sampling exploits statistical properties (e.g., variance) across strata of the unlabeled population, though usually under the unrealistic assumption that these properties are known. We propose two new algorithms that simultaneously estimate these properties and optimize the evaluation accuracy. We construct a lower bound to show the proposed algorithms (to log-factors) are rate optimal. Experiments on synthetic and real data show the reduction in label complexity that is enabled by our algorithms.
Semantic Expressive Capacity with Bounded Memory

We investigate the capacity of mechanisms for compositional semantic parsing to describe relations between sentences and semantic representations. We prove that in order to represent certain relations, mechanisms which are syntactically projective must be able to remember an unbounded number of locations in the semantic representations, where nonprojective mechanisms need not. This is the first result of this kind, and has consequences both for grammar-based and for neural systems.
BioGen: Automated Biography Generation

A biography of a person is the detailed description of several life events including his education, work, relationships and death. Wikipedia, the free web-based encyclopedia, consists of millions of manually curated biographies of eminent politicians, film and sports personalities, etc. However, manual curation efforts, even though efficient, suffers from significant delays. In this work, we propose an automatic biography generation framework BioGen. BioGen generates a short collection of biographical sentences clustered into multiple events of life. Evaluation results show that biographies generated by BioGen are significantly closer to manually written biographies in Wikipedia. A working model of this framework is available at nlpbiogen.herokuapp. com/home/