Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gut metabolites are more predictive of disease- and cohoused- states than gut bacterial features in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts ∼10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. In addition to infertility, women with PCOS suffer from metabolic dysregulation which increases their risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Studies have shown differences in the gut microbiome of women with PCOS compared to controls, a pattern replicated in mouse models. Recently, using a letrozole-induced mouse model of PCOS, we demonstrated that cohousing was protective against development of metabolic and reproductive phenotypes and showed via 16S amplicon sequencing that this protection correlated with time-dependent shifts in gut bacteria. Here, we applied untargeted metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics approaches to further analyze the longitudinal samples from the cohousing experiment. Analysis of beta diversity found that untargeted metabolites had the strongest correlation to both disease and cohoused states and that shifts in metabolite diversity were detected prior to shifts in bacterial diversity. In addition, log2-fold analyses found numerous metabolite features, particularly bile acids (BA), to be highly differentiated between placebo (P) and letrozole (LET), as well as cohoused LET versus LET. Our results indicate that changes in gut metabolites, particularly BAs, are associated with a PCOS-like phenotype in the LET mouse model as well as the protective effect of cohousing. Our results also suggest that transfer of metabolites via coprophagy occurs rapidly and may precipitate changes in bacterial diversity. This study joins a growing body of research highlighting changes in primary and secondary bile acids that may provide a link between host metabolism and gut microbes relevant to the pathology of PCOS. IMPORTANCE Using a combination of untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics, we performed a comparative longitudinal analysis of the feces collected in a cohousing study with a PCOS mouse model. Our results showed that gut metabolite composition experienced earlier and more pronounced differentiation in both the disease model and cohoused mice compared with the microbial composition. Notably, statistical and machine learning approaches identified shifts in the relative abundance of primary and secondary BA, which have been implicated as modifiers of gut microbial growth and diversity. Network correlation analysis showed strong associations between particular BA and bacterial species, particularly members of Lactobacillus, and that these correlations were time and treatment dependent. Our results provide novel insights into host/microbe relationships related to hyperandrogenism in females and indicate that focused research into small molecule control of gut microbial diversity and host physiology may provide new therapeutic options for the treatment of PCOS.
SARS-CoV-2 viral budding and entry can be modeled using virus-like particles

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and expeditiously spread across the globe causing a global pandemic. While a select agent designation has not been made for SARS-CoV-2, closely related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS coronaviruses are classified as Risk Group 3 select agents, which restricts use of the live viruses to BSL-3 facilities. Such BSL-3 classification make SARS-CoV-2 research inaccessible to the majority of functioning research laboratories in the US; this becomes problematic when the collective scientific effort needs to be focused on such in the face of a pandemic. In this work, we assessed the four structural proteins from SARS-CoV-2 for their ability to form viruslike particles (VLPs) from human cells to form a competent system for BSL-2 studies of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we provide methods and resources of producing, purifying, fluorescently and APEX2-labeling of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs for the evaluation of mechanisms of viral budding and entry as well as assessment of drug inhibitors under BSL-2 conditions.
EARLY PLANT SUCCESSION AFTER CUTTING AND BURNING IN THE UPPER RIO NEGRO REGION OF THE AMAZON BASIN

(1) Changes in vegetation structure, species composition, and species dominance were studied over the first twenty-two months of succession after the cutting and burning of several mature tierra firme (i.e. non-flooded) forest sites in south Venezuela in the upper Rio Negro region of the Amazon Basin. To explain the observed succession, additional field investigations were undertaken. (2) Four months after burning the density of plants was less than 1 m-2. The density of successional woody plants, forbs, and grasses increased rapidly from the fourth to the tenth month of succession. There was little change in plant density between the tenth and twenty-second month, but a large change in vegetation height occurred during this time. By the twenty-second month a loose canopy of Cecropia spp. was present at 5 m height. (3) Many of the forest tree species sprouted from the stump when cut, but burning killed sprouts and significantly reduced the size of the seed bank. Nevertheless, the first successional woody colonizers established from seed which survived the burn. The first forb and grass colonizers established from seeds dispersed onto the site after the burn. (4) The common successional woody species had bator bird-dispersed seeds. Many forbs and grasses had wind-dispersed seeds. (5) Population densities were low during the first months of succession because of the low density of propagules and because the low rainfall during this time was not favourable for seedling germination or establishment. The rapid increase in plant density after about the fourth month occurred because the early colonizers had then begun to produce, and disperse locally, large numbers of seeds. (6) There were six distinct microhabitat types present on the sites after burning. Most species tested showed distinct microhabitat preferences.
Influence of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone and green vegetation on reproduction of the multimammate rat Mastomys coucha

The cyclic carbamate 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA), which occurs naturally in fresh green vegetation, has been shown to initiate reproductive activity in a number of rodent species, mainly American. This phenomenon is of ecological interest, since reproductive triggers are important in ensuring that breeding effort coincides with an adequate food supply, to ensure good offspring survival. 6-MBOA in green vegetation offers an alternative reproductive trigger when other cues, such as changes in day length, are either absent or correlate poorly with vegetation flushes. This paper reports the results of attempts to demonstrate in the laboratory the presence of a reproductive response to dietary supplements of 6-MBOA or green vegetation in an Old World tropical rodent, the multimammate rat Mastomys coucha. A close relative of M. coucha, M. natalensis, has been observed to be capable of rapid colonization of habitats recovering from the effects of fire and drought, which suggests that these species might be likely to show a reproductive response to 6-MBOA or fresh vegetation. Male rodents showed no response, but both 6-MBOA and fresh green vegetation had a marked stimulatory effect on the ovaries of female animals. Daar is al bewys dat die sikliese karbamaat 6-metoksibensoksasolinoon (6-MBOA), wat natuurlik in vars groen plante voorkom, voortplantingsaktiwiteit in verskeie (hoofsaaklik Amerikaanse) knaagdiere stimuleer. Hierdie verskynsel is van ekologiese belang omdat voortplantingskatalisators met die beskikbaarheid van 'n voldoende voedselbron moet ooreenstem om maksimum oorlewing van kleintjies te verseker. 6-MBOA in groen plante bied 'n alternatiewe voortplantingskatalisator wanneer ander stimulante, bv. verandering in daglengte, of afwesig is of nie met die aanvang van die groei van nuwe groen plantvoedsel ooreenstem nie. Proewe is op die Ouwereldse tropiese knaagdier, Mastomys coucha, gedoen om voortplantingsreaksie op die byvoeging van 6-MBOA in die dieet, of op die voorsiening van groen plantvoedsel, te demonstreer. Daar is bevind dat M. natalensis, wat taksonomies nou verwant is aan M. coucha, habitatte wat van brande of droogte herstel, vinnig herkoloniseer, wat daarop dui dat die aanvang van voortplanting in hierdie twee spesies wel deur of 6-MBOA of groen plante gestimuleer word. Manlike M. coucha het glad nie op die proewe gereageer nie. Beide 6-MBOA en vars groen plante het egter 'n merkbare stimulerende effek op die eierstokke van wyfies gehad.
Effects of Notonecta glauca predation on Cyphon larvae (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) populations in small, seasonal ponds

Aquatic Cyphon (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) larvae are characteristic inhabitants of small, seasonal ponds across a wetland at Aberlady Bay, Scotland, UK, but not found in adjacent, large permanent ponds. This distribution may be an example of the use of spatial refugia to escape abundant invertebrate predators found in large ponds. Notonecta glauca is a regular component of the permanent waters but erratic colonist of the small seasonal ponds. The surface dwelling habit, activity and lack of intrinsic defences of Cyphon larvae make them very vulnerable to N. glauca. N. glauca was added to seven of the small, seasonal ponds and numbers of Cyphon larvae in these treatment ponds were monitored and compared to those in six control ponds. By the end of the experiment Cyphon numbers in treatment ponds were reduced by more than 50% compared to controls, despite differences in pond hydrology, position, vegetation and other fauna present across replicates, suggesting that predation is an ecologically important process affecting the distribution of Cyphon larvae.
Air Quality Implications for Pollinator Species

By pollinating many crop and flower species, honey bees and other pollinators are integral to ecosystem health and food resource security. Crops vary on their dependence on pollination, ranging from completely dependent to not at all. Crops that do not depend on insect pollination could be wind pollinated, self-pollinated, propagated asexually or develop without the need for fertilization. About 40 percent of crops rely on insect pollination to some extent. For example, blueberries, cherries and almonds, are almost completely dependent on honey bee pollination.
Relationships and Character Transformation in Pyroloideae (Ericaceae) Based on ITS Sequences, Morphology, and Development

The small subfamily Pyroloideae, comprising four genera, is unusual in Ericaceae because of its nearly herbaceous habit, largely free petals, and tendencies toward leaflessness. A surprising number of hypotheses exist with respect to the relationships among these genera. Parsimony analysis of 23 morpholog- ical characters gave a pattern that is largely congruent with that obtained from analysis of ITS sequences. Two sister clades of monophyletic/monospecific genera are resolved-Chimaphila + Moneses and Orthilia + Pyrola. Relationships among three species of Chimaphila are not clearly resolved. Some structure is present within Pyrola, with two strongly supported clades (P picta + PR aphylla + PR chlorantha and P elliptica + P minor). The placement of P minor is unsuspected; most past classifications have segregated it from other Pyrola due to its short, straight style (as opposed to a longer, curved style). Developmental study reveals that the style terminates elongation early, so that in fact it is not clear which style orientation is present. The overall bud-like nature of the flower in P minor further suggests a juvenile morphology relative to other Pyrola. The developmental information, in combination with its position on the cladogram, indicates a pae- domorphic origin for the floral morphology of P minor.
Measure The IoT Framework Using Docker With Fog Computing

: Container virtualization technology is being developed to more effectively redefine the critical elements of IoT / Edge displays to enable the concept of device virtualization. A large number of IoT devices are connected to the Internet, due to this occurred huge data traffic and high delay. Although more resources can be deployed in the cloud to alleviate these load problems, this research proposes to use containers for virtualization with Lightweight Machine to Machine (LWM2M) communications and establish fog computing to extend the scalability of LWM2M. With the help of self-organizing functions, operators manage a wide variety of IoT service offerings, such as monitoring, sorting, retrieving, and managing profiles. According to the SOFT (Self-Organized Fog of Things) service approach, the blockage of services and devices involves network constraints. There are many different types of applications in the multichannel network. Fog is used not only to carry heavy loads, but provide less delay for critical applications. To create a container virtualization and connect the global IoT / M2M platform into a fog system architecture in which the intermediate nodes of M2M are highly scalable hierarchical container nodes are organized. Then, to make the IoT / M2M platform more scalable, use an algorithm for load balancing and dynamic measurement of service instances of intermediate nodes. Finally, measure the performance of our dynamic resizing mechanism using the "cAdvisor" tracking tool.
In vitro antidiabetic potential of Euphorbia hirta Linn.: A nutritionally significant plant

Euphorbia hirta is an ethno medicinally important plant of the family Euphorbiaceae. The leaves of the plant are consumed as a vegetable by tribal people. Traditionally, various parts of the plant are used to treat against worm infestations in babies, dysentery, gonorrhea, jaundice, digestive disorders, cancer, and diabetes. The root extract is used against vomiting, diarrhea, and also as snake anti-venom. In the present study, the nutritional quality of the leaves of the plant was assessed by the estimation of various nutritional and antinutritional components. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of the plant was determined by alpha-amylase inhibition assay. The results revealed that the leaves of this plant are nutritionally significant, and also the plant has substantial inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase.
Sex chromosomes in human tooth root growth : radiographic studies on 47,XYY males, 46,XY females, 47,XXY males and 45,X/46,XX females

Studies on families and individuals with sex chromosome abnormalities and 46,XY females, together with molecular research, have provided proof that both X and Y chromosome genes are expressed in human tooth crown growth. The Y chromosome promotes the formation of both permanent tooth crown enamel and dentin, whereas the effect of the X chromosome is seen mainly in enamel formation. In particular, the effect of the Y chromosome on dentin formation explains the expression of sexual dimorphism in crown size. When crown growth is complete, root dentin is formed and requires proliferation of epithelial cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to initiate the differentiation of root odontoblasts. These epithelial cells determine the size, shape and number of the roots. There is a clear sex difference in tooth crown sizes, men have larger teeth than women. The aim of this research was to study completed permanent tooth root lengths in individuals with sex chromosome abnormalities and 46,XY females, an approach which might also provide some clues for a further insight into the development of sexual dimorphism in human growth. The underlying hypothesis was that the effect of the X and Y chromosomes on crown growth is also expressed in root growth. The subjects were participants of L. Alvesalo's research project, Kvantti, and comprised 45,X/ 46,XX females, 47,XYY and 47,XXY males and female sex reversals with insensitivity to androgens (46,XY females). The root lengths were measured from dental panoramic radiographs with a sliding digital calliper. All available teeth (except third molars) with complete root formation on both sides of the jaws were measured. The results showed longer final permanent tooth root lengths in 47,XYY and 47,XXY males, while the roots in 45,X/46,XX females were shorter compared with the values of normal men and women, respectively. The root lengths of 46,XY females were longer compared to normal women and placed on a level with normal men. The root morphology did not reveal any major deviations from normal variation. In terms of population dental developmental standards it is conceivable that changes in these study groups in final size of their permanent tooth roots become evident during a period beginning eight years after birth and continuing up to the age of 14 years, at least. It became clear that the effect of the Y chromosome on tooth root growth is greater than that of the X chromosome, and this may cause the observed sexual dimorphism, males having longer roots than females. It is suggested that root growth may be affected by the same genes on the X and Y chromosomes which promote crown growth.
ÁCIDOS GRASOS OMEGA-3 (EPA Y DHA) Y SU APLICACIÓN EN DIVERSAS SITUACIONES CLÍNICAS OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS (EPA AND DHA) AND ITS APPLICATION IN DIVERSE CLINICAL SITUATIONS

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are found in significant amounts in fatty fish (tuna fish, mackerel and salmon) and especially in the oil obtained from these species, which is actually utilized as a nutritional supplement (nutraceutical). After ingestion, both EPA and DHA are rapidly incorporated into cellular membrane phospholipids where they can be released by lipooxygenases and cyclooxygenases enzymes and transformed in powerful bioactive products wich have cytoprotective and especially anti-inflammatory activities. Clinical and epidemiological evidence have firmly established that consumption of EPA and DHA may contribute to the prevention and / or treatment of a number of diseases, especially those where inflammation plays a remarkable role in its development. EPA and DHA exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties, either via the generation of anti-inflammatory products, such as the resol vins, or by blocking inflammatory agents. In the present paper we review possible clinical applications of EPA and DHA in pathologies, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and ischemia – reperfusion injury. The evidence suggests that ω-3 LCPUFA may have promising applications in the prevention and / or treatment of different clinical and nutritional pathologies.
Machine Learning With Factor Scoring To Predict Diabetes Risk Level In Bangladesh

: Diabetes is a familiar disease in our country. When blood glucose or blood sugar levels are crossed a standard level is called diabetes. Meanwhile, glucose is the main source of energy in our body. Glucose produces from different foods that we take every day in our life. On the other side, having much glucose in our blood is a serious difficulty. High level of glucose can create threat of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, vision problems, as well as nerve complications. In this paper, our goal was to identify a person, who will be in risk with diabetic. Here, we focused only type-2 diabetes risk prediction. Our model worked with nine attributes of 555 instances. We set score against each attribute through data analysis, after that trained our machine with algorithm to get the diabetes risk in 3 levels-low, medium, and high. Here, we used Weka 3.8. 0 tools for analyzing data with three different machine learning algorithms-Multilayer perception, Decision tree and IBK. We got best result for 12 fold cross validation after applying IBK that has 98.73% classification accuracy. Finally, we proposed an Android application to predict the diabetes risk level easily for making people aware about diabetes.
Generating Class-conditional Images with Gradient-based Inference

Gradient descent on images is a promising approach to generating high-resolution class-conditional images with crisp details and coherent overall structure. Previous work synthesized images by maximizing p ( class | image ) p ( image ) , with pre-trained models specifying these two terms. However, this maximization often produces unrepresentative super-stimuli. Instead, we sample from p ( image | class ) using gradient-based MCMC methods. This approach produces realistic and content-diverse class-conditional images
Inter-annual variability of mesoscale eddy occurrence in the western Arabian Sea

The western Arabian Sea is known for its intensive upwelling developed seasonally along the Omani coast as well as for numerous mesoscale eddies originating in and passing through waters with seasonally high or low primary productivity. The frequency of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddy occurrence for the 13 year period (from 2002 to 2015) retrieved with 4-km spatial resolution from MODIS-Aqua sea surface height anomalies, and data on wind speed, atmospheric anomalies, geostrophic currents and landings of large pelagic species (Yellowfin tuna, Kingfish and others) were analyzed, in order to elucidate the interannual variability and statistical linkages between parameters. The linear increase of eddy occurrence over years was observed during intermonsoon seasons, against the background of decreasing wind speed and the kinetic energy of the main geostrophic flow. Along with that, a positive correlation between the number of eddies and the variation of fish catches was elucidated. Presumably, the increasing number of cyclonic eddies could mediate the variance of fish catches, making them less predictable over years. The mechanism of this link could be based on the impact of cyclonic eddies on the oxycline depth. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen less than 1.5-2.5 ml L-1 reportedly act as the hypoxic threshold for the Yellowfin tuna. An enhanced number of cyclonic eddies could generate more heterogeneous spatial distribution of threshold concentrationsby lifting them to the upper layers and creating an unfavorable environment for populations of large pelagic species.