Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social origins of depression: a reply

Synopsis Many of the criticisms of our work made by Tennant & Bebbington in the current edition of this journal touch on issues which have already been discussed in our recent book Social Origins of Depression. We do not think that any of their points pose significant threats to our aetiological model of depression. We welcome this opportunity to clarify their questions about our data, and to use their re-analysis of our material as a basis for a wider discussion of certain general aspects of the statistical analysis and interpretation of data and the pitfalls which await the unwary.
Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus Genotypes Recovered from Cases of Bovine, Ovine, and Caprine Mastitis

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in domestic ruminants. The main objective of this study was to determine the similarity of epidemiologically unrelated S. aureus isolates from bovine, ovine, and caprine mastitis. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, 160 different pulsotypes (PTs) were identified among 905 isolates recovered from 588 herds in 12 counties in Norway. Based on estimates of similarity, using an 80% cluster cutoff, the isolates were assigned to 47 clusters. One cluster included 62% of all the isolates and more than 45% of the isolates from each host species. Twenty-three PTs included isolates from more than one host species; these 23 PTs represented 72% of all the isolates. The six most prevalent PTs included isolates from all host species and contained 45% of the bovine isolates, 54% of the ovine isolates, and 37% of the caprine isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 373 of the isolates revealed resistance to penicillin in 2.9% and to streptomycin in 2.4%; only 1.9% were resistant to 1 of the other 11 antimicrobials tested. The results of this study suggest that a small number of closely related genotypes are responsible for a great proportion of S. aureus mastitis cases in cows, ewes, and goats in Norway and that these genotypes exhibit little or no host preference among these species. Selection due to antimicrobial resistance appears not to have contributed to the predominance of these genotypes.
Les problématiques de diagnostic et de projection dans les PMI

Quelle est l’attitude actuelle des PMI francaises a l’egard des pratiques de planification? Cette question est abordee en revenant sur la litterature se rapportant a la planification, afin d’elaborer un cadre d’analyse pertinent susceptible de faciliter l’observation des pratiques dans les PMI. A partir d’une methodologie quantitative, les resultats issus de l’analyse de 82 situations permettent de mieux comprendre la realite de la planification et, notamment, de lister les variables de contingence mises en avant. L’article debouche sur un essai de classification typologique des PMI en fonction de leurs attitudes et de leurs pratiques face a la planification.
Gastric Emptying and Intragastric Distribution of a Solid Meal in Functional Dyspepsia: Influence of Gender and Anxiety

Background Gastric dysmotility and psychological factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia. Goals To investigate the influence of gender and anxiety on gastric emptying and intragastric food distribution in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods A standard gastric emptying test was used to study total and compartmental gastric emptying of a solid meal in 22 patients with functional dyspepsia (16 women). Comparisons of the data for dyspeptic men and women were made with 2 respective subgroups of controls (9 men; 9 women). The presence of anxiety and depression was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Results Delayed gastric emptying was observed in 32% of patients with functional dyspepsia. As a group, dyspeptic women had a significantly longer half-emptying time as compared with dyspeptic men (119 ± 41 min vs. 78 ± 22 min) and to female controls (96 ± 17 min). There was no difference in half-emptying times between male patients and controls. The initial activity in the proximal stomach was significantly lower for both men and women with functional dyspepsia in comparison with their respective controls. In addition, meal retention in the distal stomach of dyspeptic women was significantly greater than that in female controls. Sixteen (72%) functional dyspepsia patients had anxiety when evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Those patients who scored for anxiety showed significantly greater antral meal retention than patients without anxiety. Conclusion Our study confirmed that prolonged gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia is related to the female sex, while the abnormalities of the meal intragastric distribution appear to occur in dyspeptic males and females. Anxiety is frequent in functional dyspepsia and seems to be related to abnormal antral retention of food in these patients.
Arginine catabolism by microorganisms.

INTRODUCTION 140 THE ARGINASE PATHWAy 140 Properties 0/ the Enzymes 140 Arginase 140 Ornithine aminotransferase 143 A'_PyrroUne-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 143 ATP:urea amidolyase system 143 Urease 143 Regulation 0/ Enzyme Synthesis 144 Induction 144 Catabolite repression 145 Avoida.nc� o/. Simultaneous Operation 0/ the Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways . 146 Ep,argmas,c control 146 Compartmentation 147 THE ARGININE TRANSAMIDINASE PATHWAy 148 THE ARGININE DEIMINASE PATHWAy 149 Introduction 149 The Dihydrolase Test 151 Enzymes o/the Pathway 151 Arginine deiminase 151 Ornithine transcarbamylase 152 Carbamate kinase . 154 Aminotransferase 158 THE ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE PATHWAy 160 Properties o/the Enzymes 161 Arginine decarboxylase 161 Agmatine ureohydmlase 162 OTHER PATHWAYS OF ARGININE CATABOLISM 162 CONCLUDING REMARKS 163
Bridging the Aesthetic Gap: The Wild Beauty of Web Imagery

To provide good results, image search engines need to rank not just the most relevant images, but also the highest quality images. To surface beautiful pictures, existing computational aesthetic models are trained with datasets from photo contest websites, dominated by professional photos. Such models fail completely in real web scenarios, where images are extremely diverse in terms of quality and type (e.g. drawings, clip-art, etc). This work aims at bridging and understanding this "aesthetic gap". We collect a dataset of around 100K web images with `quality' and `type' (photo vs non-photo) annotations. We design a set of visual features to describe image pictorial characteristics, and deeply analyse the peculiar beauty of web images as opposed to appealing professional images. Finally, we build a set of computational aesthetic frameworks based on deep learning and hand-crafted features that take into account the diverse quality of web images, and show that they significantly outperform traditional computational aesthetics methods on our dataset.
Effect of Clinically Relevant CAD/CAM Zirconia Polishing on Gingival Fibroblast Proliferation and Focal Adhesions

Mucosal seal formation around dental abutments is critical to the successful integration of dental implants into the human oral cavity. No information exists for how clinically relevant polishing procedures for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) zirconia abutments affects cellular responses important to mucosal seal formation. CAD/CAM zirconia was divided into four groups for clinically relevant polishing utilizing commercial polishing heads: control, coarse, coarse plus medium, and coarse plus medium plus fine. Surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and optical profilometry (OP). Subsequently, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were seeded onto the zirconia surfaces. Proliferation was measured via a quantitative SEM technique and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation status was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed an increase in proliferation on all polished surfaces as compared to the control. Phosphorylation of FAK at tyrosine 397 (Y397) was up-modulated on the control surfaces. The associated cell adaptation is discussed. In all cases, FAK phosphorylation was greater at 24 h than 48 h. These results suggest that clinicians should be mindful of the effects of abutment polishing methodology, as this may have an impact on early mucosal seal formation.
Combined treatment of human colorectal tumor cell lines with chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing irradiation can in vitro induce tumor cell death forms with immunogenic potential

Chemotherapeutic agents (CT) and ionizing radiation (X-ray) induce DNA damage and primarily aim to stop the proliferation of tumor cells. However, multimodal anti-cancer therapies should finally result in tumor cell death and, best, in the induction of systemic anti-tumor immunity. Since distinct therapy-induced tumor cell death forms may create an immune activating tumor microenvironment, this study examined whether sole treatment with CT that are used in the therapy for colorectal cancer or in combination with X-ray result in colorectal tumor cell death with immunogenic potential. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Oxaliplatin (Oxp), or Irinotecan (Irino) in combination with X-ray were all potent inhibitors of colorectal tumor cell colony formation. This study then examined the forms of cell death with AnnexinA5-FITC/Propidium Iodide staining. Necrosis was the prominent form of cell death induced by CT and/or X-ray. While only a combination of Irino with X-ray leads to death induction already 1 day after treatment, also the combinations of Oxp or 5-FU with X-ray and X-ray alone resulted in high necrosis rates at later time points after treatment. Inhibition of apoptosis increased the amount of necrotic tumor cells, suggesting that a programmed form of necrosis can be induced by CT + X-ray. 5-FU and Oxp alone or in combination with X-ray and Irino plus X-ray were most effective in increasing the expression of RIP, IRF-5, and p53, proteins involved in necrotic and apoptotic cell death pathways. All treatments further resulted in the release of the immune activating danger signals high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The supernatants of the treated tumor cells induced maturation of dendritic cells. It is, therefore, concluded that combination of CT with X-ray is capable of inducing in vitro cell death forms of colorectal tumors with immunogenic potential.
A Comparison of Two Different Dosing Protocols for Tranexamic Acid in Posterior Spinal Fusion for Spinal Deformity: A Prospective, Randomized Trial

Background Multilevel spinal fusions have typically been associated with significant blood loss. Previous studies have shown a reduction in blood loss with antifibrinolytics in both adolescent and adult spinal deformity patients. While this has been mirrored in other subspecialties as well, the dosing of TXA remains highly variable. To date, there remains a paucity of data guiding dosing for TXA in spine surgery and orthopedic surgery as a whole. Methods/Design One hundred and fifty patients from 3 institutions (50 each site) will be consecutively enrolled and randomized to either a high dose of TXA (50mg/kg loading followed by 20mg/kg hourly) or a lose dose (10mg/kg, then 1mg/kg hourly). Both surgeons and patients will be blinded to the treatment group. Primary outcomes will be perioperative blood loss, drain output, and transfusion rate. Secondary outcomes will be length of stay, complications, and overall cost. Discussion The primary goal of this study is to provide level-1 comparative data for two TXA dosing regimens in adult spinal deformity surgery. Management of blood loss remains a critical factor in reducing complications during spinal deformity surgery. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between high- and low-dose TXA with respect to any of the primary or secondary outcomes.
Effect of Participation in Physical Activity on Body Image of Amputees

Wetterhahn KA, Hanson C, Levy CE: Effect of participation in physical activity on body image of amputees. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:194–201. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine body image in individuals with amputations and to determine if a relationship exists between body image and level of participation in physical activity and sports. A secondary objective was to examine correlations between two body-image assessments. DesignA nonrandomized survey was given to a convenience-volunteer sample of individuals of at least 18 yr of age with a lower limb amputation. ResultsTwenty-four participants were active and 32 were minimally active. Statistical significance was preset at P < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. An overall significant difference was found between groups on the MBSRQ and on three of the 10 MBSRQ subscales. Significant correlations were found between six MBSRQ subscales and the ABIS. ConclusionA positive relationship was found between regular participation in physical activity and body image among lower limb amputees.
Calculation of the phase center of an ultra-wideband feed for reflector antennas

Next generation ultra-wideband (UWB) radio telescopes require UWB feeds for reflector antennas. Different from narrow band feeds, how to determine the optimal phase center location for a UWB feed over a wide operating frequency band has not been investigated much and therefore analysis and discussions on this issue are needed. In this paper, a method for calculating the optimal phase center of a UWB feed is presented. Examples of the Eleven feeds, a decade bandwidth feed, are used to demonstrate the applications of the new method.
Conformational Itinerary of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1,6-Anhydro-N-acetylmuramic Acid Kinase during Its Catalytic Cycle*

Background: AnmK is an unusual sugar kinase that both cleaves and phosphorylates its 1,6-anhMurNAc substrate. Results: Crystallographic and solution x-ray scattering analyses demonstrate significant conformational rearrangements of AnmK during catalysis. Conclusion: Ligand binding at the active site of AnmK coordinates its conformational itinerary. Significance: The unique dual activities of AnmK coupled with its complex structural dynamics advance our understanding of the diverse reactions carried out by sugar kinases. Anhydro-sugar kinases are unique from other sugar kinases in that they must cleave the 1,6-anhydro ring of their sugar substrate to phosphorylate it using ATP. Here we show that the peptidoglycan recycling enzyme 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase (AnmK) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes large conformational changes during its catalytic cycle, with its two domains rotating apart by up to 32° around two hinge regions to expose an active site cleft into which the substrates 1,6-anhydroMurNAc and ATP can bind. X-ray structures of the open state bound to a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog (AMPPCP) and 1,6-anhydroMurNAc provide detailed insight into a ternary complex that forms preceding an operative Michaelis complex. Structural analysis of the hinge regions demonstrates a role for nucleotide binding and possible cross-talk between the bound ligands to modulate the opening and closing of AnmK. Although AnmK was found to exhibit similar binding affinities for ATP, ADP, and AMPPCP according to fluorescence spectroscopy, small angle x-ray scattering analyses revealed that AnmK adopts an open conformation in solution in the absence of ligand and that it remains in this open state after binding AMPPCP, as we had observed for our crystal structure of this complex. In contrast, the enzyme favored a closed conformation when bound to ADP in solution, consistent with a previous crystal structure of this complex. Together, our findings show that the open conformation of AnmK facilitates binding of both the sugar and nucleotide substrates and that large structural rearrangements must occur upon closure of the enzyme to correctly align the substrates and residues of the enzyme for catalysis.
Observations continues de la composition atmosphérique au sud Groenland

Le but de ma these est de conduire et d’utiliser les premieres observations atmospheriquesde surface du CO2, de l’O2, du CH4 et de la composition isotopique de la vapeur d’eau et desprecipitations dans la region peu instrumentee du sud du Groenland. Quelles informations cesobservations locales peuvent-elles nous apporter a la fois concernant les processus atmospheriqueslocaux et concernant le transport atmospherique a grande echelle ? Peut-on en extrairedes informations sur les echanges entre la surface et l’atmosphere, qui constituent une part crucialedes cycles biogeochimiques du carbone et de l’eau ? L’interpretation paleoclimatique desenregistrements de carottes de glace au Groenland peut-elle beneficier de ces observations ? Apres une validation des observations menees a Ivittuut, sur la cote sud-ouest du Groenland,en regard de normes internationales de qualite, confirmant leur representativite des variationsatmospheriques, j’ai commence par interpreter ces observations en analysant leur variabilite adifferentes echelles de temps et decoulant de processus specifiques. Ceci m’a permis de montrerque le site de mesure etait tres peu influence par des phenomenes locaux : peu de sources localesde gaz a effet de serre, et de processus locaux agissant sur la composition isotopique de la vapeurd’eau. Cette caracteristique facilite l’attribution des variations observees a des changements detransport atmospherique de grande echelle en lien avec des sources distantes.Pour comprendre les variations observees, je les ai mises en relation avec des observationsissues d’autres sites ainsi qu’avec des sorties de modeles atmospheriques de grande echelle. D’unepart, j’ai constate que de nombreuses variations de la composition atmospherique a l’echelle synoptiquepouvaient etre expliquees par des modifications du transport atmospherique de grandeechelle. J’ai aussi pu identifier la representativite spatiale de nos observations, et contribuera l’evaluation de modeles atmospheriques de grande echelle. Enfin, un cas d’etude durant lavague de chaleur ayant affecte la totalite du Groenland durant l’ete 2012 m’a permis de suivrele transport atmospherique de masses d’air et d’observer en plusieurs points ses impacts sur lacomposition isotopique de la vapeur d’eau, notamment sur la conservation du signal d’exces endeuterium, qui n’avait jamais ete observee auparavant.Enfin, la combinaison des observations et de la modelisation atmospherique m’a permis demettre en evidence les contributions de l’observation atmospherique en terme de documentationdes echanges entre la surface et l’atmosphere : par une attribution des valeurs observees auxsources potentielles identifiees par modelisation des masses d’air affectant la station pour le CH4et la composition isotopique de la vapeur d’eau, et par la comparaison des observations a dessimulations de transport direct de sources connues issues d’inventaires pour le CH4 ou modeliseespour le CO2 et l’O2 oceanique.
Safety culture in healthcare: a review of concepts, dimensions, measures and progress

Background A growing body of peer-reviewed studies demonstrate the importance of safety culture in healthcare safety improvement, but little attention has focused on developing a common set of definitions, dimensions and measures. Objectives Specific objectives of this literature review include: summarising definitions of safety culture and safety climate, identifying theories, dimensions and measures of safety culture in healthcare, and reviewing progress in improving safety culture. Methods Peer-reviewed, English-language articles published from 1980 to 2009 pertaining to safety culture in healthcare were reviewed. One hundred and thirty-nine studies were included in this review. Results Results suggest that there is disagreement among researchers as to how safety culture should be defined, as well as whether or not safety culture is intrinsically diverse from the concept of safety climate. This variance extends into the dimensions and measurement of safety culture, and interventions to influence culture change. Discussion Most studies utilise quantitative surveys to measure safety culture, and propose improvements in safety by implementing multifaceted interventions targeting several dimensions. Conversely, very few studies made their theoretical underpinnings explicit. Moving forward, a common set of definitions and dimensions will enable researchers to better share information and strategies to improve safety culture in healthcare, building momentum in this rapidly expanding field. Advancing the measurement of safety culture to include both quantitative and qualitative methods should be further explored. Using the expertise of traditional culture experts, anthropologists, more in-depth observational and longitudinal research is needed to move research in this area forward.
Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as an effectively radiosensitizing strategy for treating human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo

Radiation therapy (RT) is the current standard adjuvant approach for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Radioresistance is a major contributor to radiotherapy failure. In this study, we used patient-derived cells and a radiation-resistant cell line in vitro and in vivo for two purposes: evaluate the anti-tumor effects and understand the mechanisms in the dual PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway regulation of radiosensitization. Our findings indicate that in OML1-R cells, the radioresistance phenotype is associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Compared to a combination of PI3K or mTOR inhibitors and radiation, dual blockade of the PI3K and mTOR kinases significantly improved radiation efficacy in oral cancer and patient-derived OSCC cells. Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition enhanced the effect of radiation by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and caused G1 phase arrest, which is associated with downregulation of cyclin D1/CDK4 activity, leading to growth inhibition. In nude mice xenografted with radioresistant OML1-R cells, the combined treatment was also more effective than RT alone in reducing tumor growth. This treatment was also demonstrated to be dependent on the inhibition of protein kinase-dependent S6 kinase pathway and eIF4E-mediated cap-dependent translation. These findings indicate that activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has a role in radioresistance of OSCC. We determined that a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor combined with radiation exhibits synergistic inhibition of the AKT/mTOR axis and induces cell cycle arrest. Our results show the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway should be new candidate drugs for radiosensitization in radiotherapy.
A 3MHz Bandwidth Low Noise RF All Digital PLL with 12ps Resolution Time to Digital Converter

A high performance all digital PLL RF synthesizer is presented. The key building block is a high resolution time to digital converter (TDC) that allows for low in-band phase noise. The TDC uses a novel architecture that combines a simple analog circuitry with a digital control loop to achieve a PVT stable sub-gate delay quantization step, with small area and low power consumption. A prototype of the TDC integrated in 0.13mum CMOS shows 12ps resolution with 1 and 1.15 LSB of DNL and INL respectively. A complete 2GHz ADPLL test chip has been then integrated and measured showing an in-band phase noise of -102dBc and maximum in-band spurs of -42dBc while consuming 15mW