Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cervical wart virus infection, intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma; an immunohistological study using a panel of monoclonal antibodies

Summary. The pattern of epithelial antigen expression has been examined in normal and disordered cervical squamous epithelium using immunohistological methods and a range of monoclonal antibodies. It was demonstrated that wart virus infection (WVI) is associated with disordered staining for a keratin‐associated component and for HLA‐DR antigen. Furthermore, wart‐infected epithelium shows strong labelling for carcinoem‐bryonic antigen (CEA) and for human milk fat globule antigens 1 and 2 (HMFG1 and 2). In addition these antigens (CEA, HMFG1 and 2) are also expressed in mixed WVI and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), CIN III and in carcinoma. While these findings do not allow immunohistological discrimination between non‐neoplastic and neoplastic cervical epithelia, they do provide support for the view that cellular proliferation of the type induced by papilloma virus may represent an initiator stage in the process of neoplastic transformation.
Heat shock protein antagonists in early stage clinical trials for NSCLC

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cancer cells have a higher need of chaperones than normal cells to prevent the toxic effects of intracellular protein misfolding and aggregation. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) belong to these chaperones; they are classified into families according to molecular size. Hsps are upregulated in many cancers and inhibition can inhibit tumor growth by destabilizing proteins necessary for tumor survival. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there are three different Hsp antagonist classes that are in (early) clinical trials: Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hsp27 inhibitors. Areas covered: The rationale to use Hsp inhibitors in NSCLC will be summarized and phase I-III trials will be reviewed. Expert opinion: Several Hsp90 inhibitors have been tested in phase I-III trials, until now none was positive in unselected NSCLC; therefore development of AUY922, ganetespib and retaspimycin was halted. Results seem more promising in molecularly selected patients, especially in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Hsp27 is overexpressed in squamous NSCLC and is a mechanism of chemotherapy resistance. The Hsp27 inhibitor apatorsen is now tested in squamous NSCLC. No phase II/III data are known for Hsp70 inhibitors. Combination of Hsp inhibitors with heat shock transcription factor 1 inhibitors or focal adhesion kinase inhibitors might be of interest for future trials.
The Anonymity of the Internet: A Problem for E-Commerce and a “Modified” Hobbesian Solution

Commerce performed electronically using the Internet (e-commerce) faces a unique and difficult problem, the anonymity of the Internet. Because the parties are not in physical proximity to one another, there are limited avenues for trust to arise between them, and this leads to the fear of cheating and promisebreaking. To resolve this problem, I explore solutions that are based on Thomas Hobbes’s solutions to the problem of the free rider and apply them to e-commerce.
Obstacles in using a computer screen for steady-state visually evoked potential stimulation

Abstract In brain computer interface (BCI) applications, the use of steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) is common. Therefore, a visual stimulation with a constant repetition frequency is necessary. However, using a computer monitor, the set of frequencies that can be used is restricted by the refresh rate of the screen. Frequencies that are not an integer divisor of the refresh rate cannot be displayed correctly. Furthermore, the programming language the stimulation software is written in and the operating system influence the actually generated and presented frequencies. The aim of this paper is to identify the main challenges in generating SSVEP stimulation using a computer screen with and without using DirectX in Windows-based PC systems and to provide solutions for these issues.
Influence of body mass index on mindfulness awareness and coping methods for stress in adolescents

Abstract Objective: Psychological state may affect the body weight through the hypothalamus and vice versa. The goal of this study is to investigate whether body mass index affect mindfulness awareness (MA) levels and type of coping with stress. Methods: Healthy adolescents were included in the study. The mindfulness attention awareness scale (MAAS), indicating the ways of coping checklist inventory was performed and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) of adolescents were calculated. The influence of BMI on MA and ways of coping with stress was tested. According to BMI percentiles the study population was grouped as obese (including overweight), normal-weighted and underweight. Results: A total of 270 adolescents (mean age: 13.63±2.07 years; 165 female/105 male) participated in the study. No significant correlation was found between BMI and MA scores (r=−0.085; p=0.161) and coping strategies were not different between the groups. When MA scores are compared with stress coping methods, it appeares that participants with high awareness levels chose positive coping styles. Conclusion: BMI is not effective on MA levels and choice of stress coping methods. But the higher MA levels are associated with positive coping styles.
Characterizing graph-theoretic properties of a large-scale DHT: Measurements vs. simulations

The widely used distributed hash table (DHT) in KAD is commonly analyzed and optimized based on partial measurements and simulation results, which are limited in scope and subject to simplification. An accurate characterization, however, is vital for a thorough understanding and effective enhancement. Analyzing and comparing complete real graphs collected from a large-scale measurement campaign as well as synthetic graphs generated by a novel simulation model, we study their degree distributions as well as resilience in face of random departure and targeted attacks. Our results show that the online KAD graph, although scale-free, is highly robust not only to random departure, but also to targeted attacks, making it suitable for distributed applications requiring a high resilience. Resilience to random departure and shape of degree distribution are well modelled by the simulations. However, due to a greatly increased ratio of stale routing information, the complete graph in the real system is much more vulnerable to targeted attacks compared to estimations based on simulative results.
Retrieval of the rat canalicular conjugate export pump Mrp2 is associated with a rearrangement of actin filaments and radixin in bile salt-induced cholestasis.

UNLABELLED Bile salts may initiate or aggravate cholestasis in man. Infusion of Taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDCA) represents a model of bile salt-induced cholestasis in rat. The events leading to cholestasis are incompletely understood. The canalicular conjugate export pump Mrp2 is the major driving force for the bile salt-independent bile flow. Redistribution of Mrp2 has been suggested to cause reduction in bile flow in others models of acute cholestasis (i.e. endotoxin, phalloidin, GSH-depletion). We have studied the effects of TCDCA on the distribution of Mrp2 and P-glycoproteins with respect to changes in the actin cytoskeleton and actin associated proteins radixin and ZO-1. Bile duct cannulated rats were infused with TCDCA (0.1 and 0.4 micromol/min/100g body weight) and bile flow was measured. After 30 min livers were removed and distribution of Mrp2, P-glycoproteins, actin, actin-associated radixin and ZO1 were studied by immunofluorescence analysis. TCDCA at subcholestatic amounts (0.1 micromol/min/100 g body weight) led to distortion and dilation of the canaliculi which was apparent in actin, ZO-1, and Mrp2 fluorescence. Administration of higher amounts of TCDCA (0.4 micromol/min/100g body weight) led to a reduction of bile flow to 31 % of control bile flow. Radixin, which localized strictly to the plasmamembrane in controls, was detected in intracellular structures partially colocalizing with actin aggregates especially at the sinusoidal membranes as visualized by double-immunofluorescence staining. Mrp2 appeared in pericanalicular membrane structures in cholestatic animals whereas P-glycoproteins remained unchanged under these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Bile salt-induced cholestasis is associated with changes of the actin cytoskeleton and actin binding protein radixin and a retrieval of the canalicular export pump Mrp2.
Capture Knowledge on the Spot: Toward the Autonomous and Pervasive Service of Context-Rich Knowledge

Knowledge must be acquired not only at the moment when it is presented, but also at the site where it is applied to. To guarantee the immediate acquisition of context-rich knowledge at anytime and anywhere, fully-automated as well as pervasive capabilities must be considered together. This paper proposes a methodology to capture knowledge on the spot in an autonomous and pervasive manner by deploying the Smartphone as a sensor to monitor and gather dialogue-based knowledge and context data. Smart-ConKAS (SMARTphone-based CONtextual Knowledge Acquisition System), a prototype system, is implemented to validate the proposed concepts.
A Role of Arabidopsis Inositol Polyphosphate Kinase, AtIPK2α, in Pollen Germination and Root Growth1

Inositol polyphosphates, such as inositol trisphosphate, are pivotal intracellular signaling molecules in eukaryotic cells. In higher plants the mechanism for the regulation of the type and the level of these signaling molecules is poorly understood. In this study we investigate the physiological function of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene encoding inositol polyphosphate kinase (AtIPK2α), which phosphorylates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate successively at the D-6 and D-3 positions, and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate at D-6, resulting in the generation of inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and promoter-β-glucuronidase reporter gene analyses showed that AtIPK2α is expressed in various tissues, including roots and root hairs, stem, leaf, pollen grains, pollen tubes, the flower stigma, and siliques. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the AtIPK2α antisense gene under its own promoter were generated. Analysis of several independent transformants exhibiting strong reduction in AtIPK2α transcript levels showed that both pollen germination and pollen tube growth were enhanced in the antisense lines compared to wild-type plants, especially in the presence of nonoptimal low Ca2+ concentrations in the culture medium. Furthermore, root growth and root hair development were also stimulated in the antisense lines, in the presence of elevated external Ca2+ concentration or upon the addition of EGTA. In addition, seed germination and early seedling growth was stimulated in the antisense lines. These observations suggest a general and important role of AtIPK2α, and hence inositol polyphosphate metabolism, in the regulation of plant growth most likely through the regulation of calcium signaling, consistent with the well-known function of inositol trisphosphate in the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores.
Analysis of Accessibility Impact On Commercial Property Values In Ikeja,Nigeria

A number of factors determine commercial property values with road network being one of them . This study was carried out to determine the contributions of arterial road network to variability in commercial property values in lkeja, Nigeria, in the presence or absence of other value determinants. In attaining the aim , road network was decomposed into its explanatory variables and regression models set at 0.05 alpha level used to determine their individual and joint impacts with other factors on commercial property values. It was found that accessibility has a P-value of 0.0024; demand, P-value = 0.0011; and supply returned P-value of 0.0059; all have significant impact on commercial property values. Also, the Analysis of Variance indicates that F-ratio = 3.88, P-value = 0.0193, with R2 of 69.37% explaining 69% variability in commercial property value. However, further analysis using Backward Selection Method of Stepwise Regression Model indicated that location in addition to demand, supply, and accessibility have significant impacts on commercial property values in the study area. It recommended that road network be improved to enhance values of commercial properties in the study area to the benefit of Government through enhanced property tax; to property owners through improved rental values; and occupiers of commercial properties through better neighbourhood quality.
Granulocyte transfusion therapy in chronic granulomatous disease

A 16‐year‐old boy with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and multiple Staphylococcus aureus hepatic abscesses failed to respond to intense antimicrobial therapy and surgical drainage procedures. He was started on a 13‐day course of daily granulocyte transfusions obtained by intermittent‐flow leukapheresis (haemonetics Model 30 [Braintree, Massachusetts]) utilizing hydroxyethyl starch. Each transfusion contained an average of 9 × l09 granulocytes. He defervesced on the seventh transfusion day, and the sedimentation rate returned to normal on the thirteenth transfusion day. Radionuclide scan showed decrease in size of the liver abscesses. No other new therapeutic modalities were attempted during the period of granulocyte transfusion. Although the use of granulocyte transfusion has been suggested to treat infections in CGD, we report the first successful use of granulocyte transfusion therapy in S. aureus abscess disease in CGD. Granulocyte transfusions may be helpful in treating infections refractory to standard medical‐surgical management in patients with CGD and other disorders of neutrophil function.
Quantifying Profitability through Financial Ratio Analysis: Bangladeshi Pharmaceuticals Industry

Pharmaceuticals industry in Bangladesh has some divergent features from other countries as it emphasizes very less on research and developments. Mainly companies imports significant amount of raw materials and medicines and export its products to foreign countries. Based on this, profitability of this sector has been measured. Assigning and the application of appropriate financial ratios directly affects the decision making process for the management of the firm, or parties outside the firm. Various literatures have documented an existence of significant relationship between financial ratios and firms profitability through numerous ratio analysis. On this background, the purpose of this study is to observe the relationship between financial ratio analysis and profitability of Pharmaceuticals Industry in the context of Bangladesh for the period of 2004-2013. To find out the relationship between variables, descriptive and multiple regressions analysis has been performed. To generate more income for the company, management should utilize its asset more efficiently. From the theoretical perspective this research has broaden the literature in the field of financial ratio analysis and firm profitability in the context of developing country. The findings of this study will act in the favour of Pharmaceuticals Companies to identify the proper utilization of inventory, debtors’, creditors’ and total assets. The findings of this study might not be generalized for other developing and emerging countries as the study was conducted in Bangladesh only. Aus. J. Acc. Eco. Fin. Vol 1(1), October 2015, P 41-55
T cell receptor activation of a ribosomal S6 kinase activity

Stimulation of the T cell receptor‐CD3 complex activates multiple signal transduction pathways, including serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. Stimulation of the human T cell line Jurkat via the T cell receptor‐CD3 complex with anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody or incubation with the tumor promoter phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate caused increases in S6 kinase and microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP) kinase activities. An S6 kinase activity that was able to phosphorylate exogenous 40S ribosomal S6 protein was recovered in immunoprecipitates obtained using a 90‐kDa ribosomal S6 kinase‐specific antiserum and thus represents activation of a member of the 90‐kDa ribosomal S6 kinase family. Stimulation of the S6 kinase activity correlated with an increase in a kinase activity able to phosphorylate exogenous 90‐kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (rsk) attributed to a MAP kinase activity. These increases in S6 and MAP kinase activities further correlated with the appearance of a 42‐kDa phosphoprotein detected by anti‐phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. However, while the tyrosine phosphorylation of the 42‐kDa protein and the MAP kinase activity are dependent on protein kinase C activity, residual S6 kinase activity can be detected following protein kinase C depletion and subsequent anti‐CD3 stimulation. Thus, T cell activation through the T cell receptor‐CD3 complex results in activation of a member of the 90‐kDa S6 kinase family which correlates with, but can be independent of, MAP kinase activation.
Exploring the Benefits of Bilateral Cochlear Implants

Several recent reports indicate that both localization and speech intelligibility in spatially separated noise are substantially improved by using cochlear implants (CIs) in both ears rather than in just one. Benefits appear to be largely derived from the effects of level variations at the two ears due to the head shadow whereas contributions from interaural time differences (ITDs) seem smaller than in normal hearing listeners. The effect of binaural unmasking estimated from speech studies to date varies from study to study and is possibly confounded by issues such as listening experience, bias or loudness effects when comparing the performance for the better ear with that using both ears. To improve the contribution from timing information at the two ears, it may be necessary to change present clinical sound-processing schemes that currently preserve only envelope cues so that they also preserve fine-timing information. However, recently published data show that basic psychophysical sensitivity to fine-timing ITDs in CI patients is very poor for rates beyond a few hundred hertz, suggesting that subjects do not actually hear ITD cues at those rates anyway. Data from a number of new studies are presented to discuss these and other issues related to the potential to benefit from bilateral implantation.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology and differential diagnoses of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the mediastinum: Case report

We report a case of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL‐HCC) that metastasized to the posterior mediastinum. The diagnosis was made on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The cytologic features were characterized by the presence of large, dishesive, polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm and well‐defined cell outlines resembling oncocytes. Groups of neoplastic hepatocytes containing bile pigment were also noted. The diagnosis of FL‐HCC in a metastatic site can pose diagnostic challenges on FNAB. The cytologic features overlap with a variety of tumors that have oncocytic features and also with melanoma and paraganglioma. Recognition of specific cytologic features of FL‐HCC can facilitate accurate diagnosis in a metastatic site. The cytologic findings and differential diagnoses of FL‐HCC that metastasized to the posterior mediastinum are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:95–98; DOI 10.1002/dc.10047 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimizing Content Duration for Mobile Ads

Optimizing the number of ad clicks is a large-scale learning problem that is central to the multi-billion–dollar mobile advertising industry. There are currently several optimization methods being used, including ad mediation and ad positioning. Recently, researchers have recommended using ad refresh interval as a new method for optimizing mobile advertising. This paper applies that new method to optimize content duration for mobile ads. The result achieved from this optimization study could further increase revenue for mobile advertisers and publishers. This research has high applicability for the growing mobile advertising industry. It also lays out a solid background for future research in this promising area.
A critical assessment of factors influencing reliability in the classification of fractures, using fractures of the tibial plafond as a model.

OBJECTIVE To investigate three factors that may influence the reliability of a fracture classification system: (a) the quality of the radiographs; (b) the ability of observers to identify the fracture fragments; and (c) the use of binary decision making. DESIGN Assessment of interobserver reliability of blinded observers. SETTING Medical school department of orthopaedics. PARTICIPANTS Two attending orthopaedists, two PGY-5 orthopaedic residents, and two PGY-3 orthopaedic residents served as observers. INTERVENTION Observers classified radiographs of twenty-five tibial plafond fractures according to the Rüedi-Allgöwer and binary classification systems, and also rated the quality of each radiograph as adequate or inadequate for accurately classifying the fracture. At a second session, observers classified the same radiographs after marking the fragments of the tibial articular surface, as well as radiographs that had the articular fragments premarked by the senior author. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pairwise interobserver reliability was analyzed by kappa statistics, and mean kappa values were compared for each method of fracture classification. RESULTS No difference in interobserver reliability was detected between the Rüedi-Allgöwer and binary classification systems. Interobserver agreement on the adequacy of the radiographs was poorer than agreement on the classification of the fractures themselves. Having observers mark the fragments of the tibial articular surface had no effect on interobserver reliability; having the articular fragments premarked, however, significantly improved interobserver reliability in classifying the fractures. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study underscore the complexity of tibial plafond fractures and the difficulty observers have in reliably interpreting fracture radiographs. Fracture classification systems, such as the Rüedi-Allgöwer, predicated on identification of the number and displacement of articular fragments, may inherently perform poorly on reliability analyses because of observer difficulty in reliably identifying the fragments. Because binary decision making did not improve the reliability of fracture classification in this study, further investigation of the effectiveness of binary decision making may be advisable before such strategies are put into widespread use.
Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction Using Chin Bone and Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft Material: Reports of 5 Cases

Purpose: To report the successful results of using chin bone graft and autogenous tooth bone graft material (AutoBT) in alveolar cleft patients. Materials and Methods: Five patients with alveolar cleft defects underwent alveolar bone grafting. Three patients were treated using chin bone graft, and the other two patients underwent AutoBT graft. After implant site development using chin bone graft in the fi rst three cases, endosseous implant restorations were placed. In case #4 and 5, AutoBT graft material was placed to guide the normal eruption of partially impacted maxillary right canine and to the upper docking site after distraction osteogenesis. Result: Successful implant restorations with closure of the oronasal fistula were achieved in alveolar cleft defect reconstruction using either chin bone graft (Case #1, 2, 3) or AutoBT graft material (Case #4, 5). Case #4 showed enlarged follicle of the right maxillary canine, indicating a normal eruption guide pattern. Conclusion: Both chin bone graft and AutoBT graft showed favorable outcomes in reconstructing alveolar cleft defects. Autogenous tooth bone graft opens up the possibility of avoiding harvesting autogenous bone graft with complications and morbidities.