Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of phytase, vitamin D3 derivatives, and broiler breed differences on nutrient utilization, broiler performance, leg disorders, and the expression of intestinal calbindin-28 kd mRNA and protein

118 Introduction . 120 Materials and Methods . 121 General Results . 126 Discussion . 129 Conclusion . 132 viii Literature Cited . 134 Tables . 138 5 THE EXPRESSION OF CALBINDIN IN CHICKS THAT ARE DIVERGENTLY SELECTED FOR EITHER A LOW OR HIGH INCIDENCE OF TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA . 158 Abstract . 159 Introduction . 161 Materials and Methods . 163 Results . 168 Discussion . 170 Conclusions . 173 Acknowledgments . 174 Literature Cited . 175 Tables and Figures . 179 APPENDIX TABLES . 190 1 APPENDIX 1 . 191 1.1. Composition of the Basal Diet (B8-01-TD) . 192 1.2. The Effect of Phytase and Natugrain on 16-d Broiler Performance (B8-01-TD) . 193 1.3. The Effect of Phytase and Natugrain on 16-d Plasma P, Tibia and Acites Data (B8-01-TD) . 194 1.4. The Effect of Phytase and Natugrain on 16-d Nutrient Utilization Data (B8-01-TD) . 196 ix 2 APPENDIX 2 . 198 2.1. Composition of Basal Diet (B4-02-TD) . 199 2.2. The effect of breed difference and high phytase levels on 16-d broiler performance (B4-02-TD) . 200 2.3. The effect of breed difference and high phytase levels on 16-d plasma and tibiae data (B4-02-TD) . 202 2.4. The effect of breed difference and high phytase levels on 16-d nutrient utilization (B4-02-TD) . 205 3 APPENDIX 3 . 208 3.1. Composition of the Basal Diet (B1-01-T3) . 209 3.2. The effect of dietary T3 (0 and 0.25 mg/kg diet) and 0.75 and 1.0% calcium on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio,209 and incidence of calcium rickets and tibial dyschondroplasia in LTD and HTD TD broiler lines (B1-01-T3) . 210 3.3. The effect of dietary T3 (0 and 0.25 mg/kg diet) and 0.75 and 1.0% calcium on thyroid hormone levels in LTD and HTD TD broiler lines (B1-01-T3) . 212 4 APPENDIX 4 FIGURES . 214 4.1. Amino acid profile of Phytase A (Natuphos 5000) . 215 1 CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
DANISH VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: SUSTAINABILITY AS A PRESERVATION VALUE

Abstract. New research has demonstrated that sustainable aspects were inherent in Danish preindustrial vernacular architecture. As a logical consequence of this knowledge and with the growing focus on sustainability, this paper investigates sustainability as a preservation value for the purpose of increasing sustainability in Danish architectural conservation. To achieve this objective, the paper presents a so-called thought experiment carried out as a critical case study in order to explore if and to what extent sustainable values are already part of architectural conservation. First, the theoretical base of adding sustainability as a preservation value and the analytical model is established. Next, the case study is carried out and then sustainability as a preservation value is discussed. Lastly, the paper outlines a number of recommendations for promoting sustainability in architectural conservation, including sustainability as a preservation value.
Seedling growth, allocation and leaf attributes in a wide range of woody plant species and types

1 Innate mean relative growth rate (mean RGR) of seedlings is a key attribute for the performance of species in their natural habitats. This study aimed firstly at identifying easily measurable correlates of mean RGR of temperate zone woody species. Secondly, it tested the hypothesis that functional groups of woody plants could be characterized by their mean RGR and associated allocation and leaf attributes. 2 In a standardized experiment, 80 woody species from the British Isles and North Spain, ranging widely in leaf habit and life-form, were screened for seed weight and potential seedling mean relative growth rate (RGR), biomass allocation and leaf attributes. 3 Mean RGR, when based on plant weights excluding any attached thick cotyledons, was linearly and closely correlated with leaf area ratio (LAR, total leaf area/plant dry weight) and one of the two components of LAR, specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area/leaf dry weight). The other component, leaf weight fraction (leaf weight/plant dry weight), was only correlated with mean RGR when based upon true leaves, disregarding leafy cotyledons. These relationships were also demonstrated when taxonomic relatedness was accounted for. 4 The data supported the hypothesis that differentiation, as seen among functional groups of species in terms of leaf habit and life-form, corresponded with differentiation in mean RGR and other seedling attributes. For instance, deciduous species grew consistently faster than evergreens. 5 When SLA was split into its two components, specific saturated leaf area (SSLA, total leaf area/total saturated leaf weight) and leaf saturated weight/dry weight ratio (SW/DW), it was found that SSLA was consistently smaller in evergreens than in deciduous species, both for sclerophyllous and succulent leaves. Among species of the same leaf habit, variation in SLA among life-forms could be explained by variation in leaf SW/DW. 6 SSLA and leaf SW/DW, both easy to measure, together could help to categorize growth rate within the evergreen or deciduous species. This may be useful in vegetation monitoring. 7 The data may provide useful predictive tools to infer potential growth rates and nutrient conservation strategies of real vegetation from the functional attributes and composition of its functional species groups.
Teacher Education for the prevention of indiscipline in the classroom

This article provides a re ‐appraisal of two sets of studies in an attempt to rethink the is‐ sue of teacher education for the prevention of indiscipline, in the light of the experience acquired by the author as a facilitator in initial and ongoing training courses for teachers in higher education. Despite the differences in terms of the theoretical orientations and methodological strategies that informed and structured these studies, the author attempts through them to outline strategies, based on his training work with teachers, for the cre‐ ation of a culture of pro ‐active discipline in the classroom. In both cases the role of the teacher is a vital element in the accomplishment of this desideratum. In the first case, the teacher acts as an agent in the organization of the class, using the skills perfected in his/ her classroom management training. In the second, the teacher is viewed as a professional who includes in his/her array of teaching skills and competencies certain practices capable of promoting among pupils a participatory and motivated involvement in the creation of discipline in the classroom. Based on the elements which characterize training action, and the key results obtained from these studies, the author adds his own reflections for the organization and structuring of teacher education for the prevention of indiscipline.
Conditions for Torpid Mixing of Parallel and Simulated Tempering on Multimodal Distributions

We obtain upper bounds on the convergence rates of Markov chains constructed by parallel and simulated tempering. These bounds are used to provide a set of sufficient conditions for torpid mixing of both techniques. We apply these conditions to show torpid mixing of parallel and simulated tempering for three examples: a normal mixture model with unequal covariances in RM and the mean-field Potts model with q ≥ 3, regardless of the number and choice of temperatures, and the meanfield Ising model when an insufficient set of temperatures is chosen. The latter result contrasts with the rapid mixing of parallel and simulated tempering on the meanfield Ising model with a linearly increasing set of temperatures as shown previously.
Sorghum Forage Farming for Crisis Resolution and Food Security in a Changing World: A Preliminary Study of Taraba State Nigeria Sorghum Production, Prospects and Problems

Taraba State is endowed with natural resources; vast lands, water resources, animal resources and human resources. However, amidst plenty, food insecurity and incessant crisis ravage the government efforts to sustainable agricultural and economic development. This paper discusses the nexus between Climate vagaries and skirmish leading to shift in crop yields. It assesses grain yield variation, problems and prospect across the local governments in Taraba State. Apart from personal observation and focus group discussion, the paper relied mainly on secondary data that were generated through the analysis of relevant data from government and non-governmental agencies. Rainfall and agronomic data were collected from Upper Benue River Basin and Ministry of Taraba Agricultural Development Program (TADP) respectively. These were collated and analyzed using standardized anomaly index and linear regression in SPSS environment. The study fails to reject the null hypotheses that no relationship exists between the average annual rainfall Original Research Article Gabriel et al.; IJECC, 10(8): 46-57, 2020; Article no.IJECC. 58110 47 and quantity of sorghum produced annually. It recommends application of biotechnology using (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) for animal feeds and food crop diversification to cushion the ever increasing demand for forage that often vortex crisis in the state. SFF can stand heavy grazing reduce roaming encourage ranching eliminate crisis.
Lonmin CSR Reporting Practices and the Marikana Massacre

In the last decades, corporations have been increasingly reporting on their social and environmental activities, to highlight transparency and accountability towards their business activities. This positive trend is strongly driven by stakeholder pressuring in various dimensions. However, in the context of major crisis/incidents, questions have been raised on how companies may use Corporate Social Responsibility disclosures to regain legitimacy and restore reputation towards those negative situations. This study will rely on an example of a legitimacy-threatening event: the Marikana massacre (2012) associated with Lonmin. This study will analyse how Lonmin’s CSR disclosures have evolved, both quantitatively and qualitatively, within the timeframe “before, during and after” the incident. Findings extend and corroborate the previous literature research on the legitimacy theory, by demonstrating that the company did, in fact, changed its CSR disclosure patterns and strategies, presumably by attempting to regain legitimacy after the incidents.
Fecundity and Egg Survival of the Central Johnny Darter (Etheostoma nigrum nigrum) in Southern Michigan

WAITE, E. R. 1911. Antarctic fishes. British Antarct. Exped. , 1907-09. Repts. Sci. Invest. Biol. 2 (2) :11-16. WOHLSCHLAG, D. E. 1960. Metabolism of an Antarctic fish and the phenomenon of cold adaptation. Ecology 41(2) :287-292. 1961a. Growth of an Antarctic fish at freezing temperatures. Copeia 1961 (1) :11-18. 1961b. General ecology and physiology of Antarctic fishes. In Science in Antarctica, Part 1, The Life Sciences in Antarctica. U. S. Natl. Acad. Sci. Publ. 839:113-114. 1962. Antarctic fish growth and metabolic differences related to sex. Ecology 43 (4): 589-597. 1963a. An antarctic fish with unusually low metabolism. Ibid. 44(3) :557-564. 1963b. The biological laboratory and field research facilities at the United States "McMurdo" Station. Antarctica. Polar Record 11(75):713-718. 1964. Respiratory metabolism and ecological characteristics of some fishes in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. In Biology of the Antarctic Seas. Am. Geophysical Union, Antarct. Res. Ser. 1:33-62.
The Heterogeneous Price of a Vote: Evidence from Multiparty Systems, 1993-2017

What is the impact of campaign spending on votes? Does it vary across election types, political parties or electoral settings? Estimating these effects requires comprehensive data on spending across candidates, parties and elections, as well as identification strategies that handle the endogenous and strategic nature of campaign spending in multiparty systems. This paper provides novel contributions in both of these areas. We build a new comprehensive dataset of all French legislative and UK general elections over the 1993-2017 period. We propose new empirical specifications, including a new instrument which relies on the fact that candidates are differentially affected by regulation on the source of funding on which they depend the most. We find that an increase in spending per voter consistently improves candidates’ vote share, both at British and French elections, and that the effect is heterogeneous depending on the party. In particular, we show that spending by far-right candidates has much lower returns than spending by other parties, and that this can be partly explained by the social stigma attached to far-right voting. Our findings help reconcile the conflicting results of the existing literature, and improve our understanding of why campaigns matter.
Analgesic efficacy of caudal dexamethasone combined with ropivacaine in children undergoing orchiopexy

·········································································································· i TABLE OF CONTENTS ························································································ iii LIST OF TABLE ···································································································· iv LIST OF FIGURE ······································································································· v
Survey of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in retail red meat samples in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Since livestock meat, has been demonstrated to be a potential source of human infection, a careful evaluation of the prevalence of infection with T. gondii in these animals’ meat is needed to protect public health. Latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) were performed on meat juice from 380 red meat samples (125 Beef, 135 Mutton, and 120 goats’ meat) that are sold in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The current results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies among red meat was 18.7% and 16.3% according to LAT and ELISA, respectively. The highest rate was found in October (25.8% and 22.6%) by using LAT, and ELISA, respectively. While, the lowest rate was recorded in August (12.5% and 9.4%) by both assays, respectively. Both tests performed similarly without significant difference between their performances as diagnostic tests. Moreover, no significant differences between meat types were found in terms of toxoplasmosis antibodies. In conclusion the current survey provides significant evidence about risk of human exposure to T. gondii through the consumption of raw or undercooked red meat potentially contaminated with infectious tissue cysts.
ANTI-OXIDANT, ANTI-MICROBIAL AND GLUCOSE DIFFUSION INHIBITION ACTIVITIES OF THE AQUEOUS AND CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS URINARIA

Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the antioxidant, anti-microbial and in-vitro glucose diffusion inhibition of the phytochemicals extracted from Phyllanthus urinaria . Methods: The anti-oxidant activity of the two extracts was done using DPPH method. The antimicrobial activity was performed using plate hole diffusion method. The in vitro anti-diabetic activity was determined using glucose diffusion inhibition technique. Results: Both the aqueous and chloroform extract were shown to have declined in antioxidant activity with the increase in concentration. There was a considerable amount of zone of inhibition observed in antimicrobial activity when the assay was performed against E. coli . However, no such zone of inhibition was observed against Bacillus subtilis . The glucose diffusion inhibition was found to be maximum for chloroform extract. Conclusion: The present study validates the effective use of P. urinaria against the microbial growth and also has anti-oxidant activity. The in vitro glucose diffusion inhibition proves the fact that it can act as a potent anti-diabetic agent. Keywords: DPPH, Anti-oxidant, Anti-microbial, Glucose Diffusion Inhibition, Phytochemicals
Profiling of bovine toll like receptors (TLRs) in foot and mouth disease vaccinated cattle

Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) elicits acute humoral antibody response in both infected and vaccinated animals. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are type 1 transmembrane proteins expressed in almost all cell types and activate the innate immune system. The current study was performed to evaluate expression profiling of bovine TLRs like TLR 2, TLR 3, TLR 7, TLR 8 and TLR 10, in response to FMD inactivated vaccine using quantitative real-time RT-PCR technique. Blood samples were collected from control, test group 1 and test group 2, at 0, 14th and 21st days post-vaccination (dpv). The mRNA abundance of these target genes was calibrated with a housekeeping gene (18 S) and expressed as fold over expression of the TLRs genes in bovine over the 0th dpv as control. On 0 day, expression of all TLRs did not vary significantly. The expression of TLR2 and TLR3 genes significantly increased in both test group 1 and 2 after 14th day and 21st DPV but expression of other TLRs increase in test groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly. Expression of TLR2 and TLR3 genes considerably increased in test group 1 and 2 but expression of these genes were more in test group 1 as compared to test group 2. From preliminary findings, if there is inclusion of TLR2 and TLR 3 agonist in vaccine, it may enhance the innate immunity of animals and helps in clearing of virus and may prevent establishment of infection.
A Role for Phytochrome F in Tomato Development

Phytochromes (phys) are red and far-red light sensors (Chen and Chory 2011). Tomato plants in particular have 5 phys called phyA, phyB1, phyB2, phyE, and phyF. This paper surveys the role of phyF in a variety of juvenile and adult phenotypes to better understand light signaling in plants, and to contribute knowledge which may prove useful as the scientific community seeks to optimize plants for human use. PhyF is found to play a role in the regulation of leaf-stem angle, and a possible role in hypocotyl length and shoot-apical meristem height regulation. It is found to be fully redundant with at least one other phytochrome in the regulation of juvenile root length, adult root mass, days to anthesis, internode length, days to germination, number of axillary buds, and length of compound leaves.
Perspectives on Mentoring Support During Teaching Practicum in Local & International Settings

This study aims to investigate the mentoring support given by the local and foreign mentors to English language teacher trainees during their teaching practicum. The practicum comprised two phases. In phase one, the trainees experienced a local teaching practicum for one month in Penang, Malaysia. In phase two, they went through an international teaching practicum in Indonesia for two months. The sample of this qualitative study comprised four respondents from Universiti Sains Malaysia, who voluntarily undertook the international teaching practicum in Jombang, Indonesia. All of them were females aged 24 years old. The data were collected from reflections and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that in both phases, the mentors cumulatively provided cognitive, affective and, social support. All types of support augmented the teacher trainees’ competence as future teachers. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19. 5.21
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant evaluation of millet varieties of Pakistan

The current research was planned to measure the comparative phytochemical and anti-oxidative potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts of two indigenously grown millet varieties of Pakistan. The locally available millet varieties, i.e. MB-87 and AF-POP flours were chemically characterized through the proximate and mineral analysis. The antioxidant extract was prepared in water and methanol. The extracts were screened for saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins; methanolic extract of MB-87 and AF-POP showed flavonoids in an average quantity (++), whilst aqueous extract had only trace (+) values. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins only in the aqueous extract of both varieties. However, terpenoids and tannins were present in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. During antioxidant evaluation, millet methanolic extracts showed higher level of TPC and DPPH of MB-87 and AF-POP as 0.30±0.001 & 0.23±0.0012 mg GAE/g and 48±0.96 &46±1.09%, respectively. However, the β-carotene activity of the aqueous extract of both varieties (MB-87 and AF-POP) was recorded higher. In a nutshell, the methanolic extract of MB-87 has an appreciable atioxidant profile. Furher research should be planned to screen the important constituents of Pakistani millet varieties.
Social Collision Avoidance via Topological Inference

We focus on motion planning for social robot navigation in crowded environments such as pedestrian scenes. Navigating such environments is a difficult task for a robot mainly due to the lack of concrete rules regulating traffic and the lack of explicit communication among agents. Recent works tend to account for these complications by attempting to reproduce selected social conventions or imitate selected patterns of observed human behavior, yielding only domain-specific performance. Our key insight is that crowd navigation exhibits topological structure, in the sense that the navigation strategies of rational agents in a shared space are coupled. For instance, in a narrow hallway, two agents must either agree on passing from the left or the right side to avoid collisions. Understanding this structure may enable a robot to make principled decisions even in the absence of detailed models of human navigation. Based on this observation, we design a motion planner that leverages topological -level inference rather than detailed trajectory prediction. A physics-inspired metric guides the robot towards actions that comply with the unfolding trajectory topology. Our findings from an online, video-based user study with 180 human subjects illustrate the efficacy of our planner in generating trajectories perceived as intent-expressive by human users. Moreover, evidence extracted from a follow-up in-lab user study with 105 participants suggests that human acceleration is low when navigating in close proximity to an autonomous robot running our planner.