Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anterolateral soft-tissue impingement in the ankle: diagnosis using MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE This study was performed to elucidate the MR imaging findings and pitfalls for the diagnosis of anterolateral soft-tissue impingement in the ankle, a cause of chronic ankle pain that can be relieved by arthroscopic resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed MR imaging examinations of 18 patients with arthroscopically confirmed anterolateral ankle impingement. The MR images of 18 additional subjects with symptoms that could mimic anterolateral impingement, but who had a surgically confirmed alternate diagnosis (instability, peroneal tendon injury, osteochondral defect, normal arthroscopy) and no evidence of impingement at arthroscopy, served as controls. RESULTS On the MR imaging studies, nine patients had an ankle effusion, eight of whom showed an abnormal soft-tissue structure in the anterolateral gutter, 2-15 mm in maximal diameter. No soft-tissue mass was seen in the patients without joint fluid. Four control subjects with instability had a similar soft-tissue structure in the anterolateral gutter, but in the control subjects the finding represented a portion of the torn anterior talofibular ligament. CONCLUSION Anterolateral soft-tissue impingement of the ankle can be suggested by MR imaging when fluid in the lateral gutter outlines an abnormal soft-tissue structure separate from the anterior talofibular ligament.
Noninvasive MRI Thermometry with the Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF) Method: In Vivo Results in Human Muscle

The noninvasive thermometry method is based on the temperature dependence of the proton resonance frequency (PRF). High‐quality temperature images can be obtained from phase information of standard gradient‐echo sequences with an accuracy of 0.2°C in phantoms. This work was focused on the in vivo capabilities of this method. An experimental setup was designed that allows a qualitative in vivo verification. The lower‐leg muscles of a volunteer were cooled and afterwards reheated with an external water bolus. The temperature of the bolus water varied between 17°C and 37°C. The in vivo temperature images can be used to extract the temperature in muscle tissue. The data in the fat tissue are difficult to interpret because of the predominance of susceptibility effects. The results confirm the method's potential for hyperthermia control.
Anticytokine Therapy in Preterm Labor: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Aims: Up to 10% of pregnant women have preterm birth that might be refractory to current therapy. Infections and asphyxia related to preterm birth are the causes of death in the majority of neonates and therefore represent an urgent clinical need. Methods: The present article reviews the English language literature for preclinical and clinical trials and promising molecular targets on preterm labor. Results: Preterm birth is a complex heterogeneous condition. There is no current treatment for the fetal membranes once they have ruptured; therefore, essentially any treatment has to be preventative to quiesce preterm labor and prevent any spread of infection to the fetus. Modulating the pro-inflammatory process-mediated cytokine network may present a new paradigm for preterm labor treatment. There are many reports on the role of β-adrenergic agonists (betamimetics), magnesium sulfate, progesterone, oxytocin antagonist, calcium channel blocker or the Kunitz inhibitor bikunin in the treatment of preterm labor. In the present review, we have focused on the preclinical and clinical anticytokine therapy for preterm labor. The preclinical and clinical trials with bikunin reducing preterm labor exacerbations have raised the importance of usefulness and safety considerations related to this novel therapy. Conclusion: Anticytokine therapy is ready for the clinic.
Main and interactive effects of shiftwork , age and work stress on health in an Italian sample of healthcare workers

Among healthcare workers, shiftwork (mostly if nightwork is also included), ageing and work-related stress may be factors leading to impaired health. Such risk factors may also operate in interaction, resulting in an even increased harm for health. The present study aims at evaluating these relationships in a sample of 1842 hospital workers in Northern Italy. Subjects were mainly women, 33.1% were aged X45 yr, and they were almost evenly distributed between dayworkers and rotating shiftworkers (nights included). Shiftwork was associated with poor sleep, while it was protective against gastrointestinal disorders, poor work ability and job dissatisfaction. Work stress was the risk factor with the highest relevance for poor health. Ageing was associated with lower physical health. Few significant interactions were observed. Shiftwork with nights and high work stress significantly interacted in increasing the risk for poor sleep. The ‘‘healthy worker effect’’ may have played a strong role in study findings. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Open access to scientific publications - an analysis of the barriers to change

One of the effects of the Internet is that the dissemination of scientific publications in a few years has migrated to electronic formats. The basic business practices between libraries and publishers for selling and buying the content, however, have not changed much. In protest against the high subscription prices of mainstream publishers, scientists have started Open Access (OA) journals and e-print repositories, which distribute scientific information freely. Despite widespread agreement among academics that OA would be the optimal distribution mode for publicly financed research results, such channels still constitute only a marginal phenomenon in the global scholarly communication system. This paper discusses, in view of the experiences of the last ten years, the many barriers hindering a rapid proliferation of Open Access. The discussion is structured according to the main OA channels; peer-reviewed journals for primary publishing, subjectspecific and institutional repositories for secondary parallel publishing. It also discusses the types of barriers, which can be classified as consisting of the legal framework, the information technology infrastructure, business models, indexing services and standards, the academic reward system, marketing, and critical mass.
Developing an efficient algorithm for representation and compression of large Bengali text

Efficient coding is one of the challenging aspects of information and communication theory. On the other hand, the natural languages such as Bengali is coded using Unicode technology which requires more space and thus takes more time to transfer the data of that language. In this paper, we have proposed a novel algorithm to represent Bengali text efficiently and then to compress the text offering a better compression ratio. Each Bengali character is represented by a unique 2-digit intermediate decimal value. Indexing and sorting all the word values successive subtraction is performed on the values in hope to reduce the weight of the numbers. The new values of each word can now be encoded with a very few bits. In comparison to other compressors, the compression ratio of the proposed algorithm decreases in a big amount for the large text which may contain more duplicate or redundant words, more words with the same length and more words of the same length with the same prefix called Uposorgo in Bengali.
CDKN1C mutations and genital anomalies

We read with interest the article by Romanelli et al. [2010] describing eight patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and novel CDKN1C mutations. Their patients had additional findings not usually seen in patients with BWS, including polydactyly, accessory nipples, genital anomalies, and cleft palate. We recently evaluated a boy with BWS who has genital anomalies and a novel CDKN1C mutation. This family provides further support for the genotype–phenotype correlation proposed by Romanelli et al. [2010] of the occurrence of genital anomalies in patients with BWS and CDKN1C mutations. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with highly variable clinical findings and a heterogeneous molecular etiology. The clinical findings inBWScan includemacrosomia,macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, embryonal tumors, hemihyperplasia, neonatal hypoglycemia, anterior ear creases, posterior helical pits, visceromegaly, adrenocortical cytomegaly, and renal abnormalities. BWS is caused by alterations in the imprinted growth regulatory genes on chromosome 11p15.5. CDKN1C, a maternally expressed gene in this region encodes a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that negatively regulates cell proliferation [Matsuoka et al., 1995; Tsugu et al., 2000]. Approximately 5% of patients with BWS have amutation in CDKN1C. Our patient was born at 28 weeks gestation. The prenatal history was significant for the identification of an omphalocele on sonogram. His birth length, weight and head circumference were all above average for gestational age.Onphysical examhewas noted to have facial features characteristic of BWS including midface hypoplasia, infraorbital creases, and macroglossia. His ears were also large for age with creases on his right earlobe. Penoscrotal hypospadias with chordee and bilateral inguinal hernias were also present. He is the first child born to his parents. Neither of his parents have any of the clinical features of BWS. LIT1 and H19methylation testing was performed and a normal imprinting pattern was present. The patient was subsequently tested by sequence analysis of the CDKN1C gene. A change in exon 1 was found (c.187T>A) (p.Tyr63Asn) that has not been previously described in the literature to be disease causing or a benign polymorphism. The laboratory ran this change through three in silico prediction programs (PolyPhen 2, SIFT and Align GVGD). All threeprogramspredict that this change is deleterious to the function of the protein. Familial segregation analysis studies were performed for this family. The CDKN1C c.187T>A change was inherited on the maternal allele. Since his mother is clinically unaffected, and neither of her parents have this gene change, her CDKN1C gene alteration is most likely de novo in nature. As with the cases of Romanelli et al. [2010] our patient had genital anomalies and a maternally inherited CDKN1C mutation. The report of this patient provides evidence to support the recommendation of Romanelli et al. [2010] that the laboratory evaluationof patientswhopresentwithBWSandgenital anomalies, should begin with CDKN1C sequencing.
Association of ADH and ALDH genes with alcohol dependence in the Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of alcohol dependence (IASPSAD) sample.

BACKGROUND The genes coding for ethanol metabolism enzymes [alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)] have been widely studied for their influence on the risk to develop alcohol dependence (AD). However, the relation between polymorphisms of these metabolism genes and AD in Caucasian subjects has not been clearly established. The present study examined evidence for the association of alcohol metabolism genes with AD in the Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of alcohol dependence. METHODS We conducted a case-control association study with 575 independent subjects who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, AD diagnosis and 530 controls. A total of 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the seven ADH (ADH1-7) and two ALDH genes (ALDH1A1 and ALDH2) were genotyped using the Illumina GoldenGate protocols. Several statistical procedures were implemented to control for false discoveries. RESULTS All markers with minor allele frequency greater than 0.01 were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Numerous SNPs in ADH genes showed association with AD, including one marker in the coding region of ADH1C (rs1693482 in exon6, Ile271Gln). Haplotypic association was observed in the ADH5 and ADH1C genes, and in a long haplotype block formed by the ADH1A and ADH1B loci. We detected two significant interactions between pairs of markers in intron 6 of ADH6 and intron 12 of ALDH2 (p = 5 x 10(-5)), and 5' of both ADH4 and ADH1A (p = 2 x 10(-4)). CONCLUSION We found evidence for the association of several ADH genes with AD in a sample of Western European origin. The significant interaction effects between markers in ADH and ALDH genes suggest possible epistatic roles between alcohol metabolic enzymes in the risk for AD.
Clinical significance of serum CA 19-9 , CA 19-9 / CRP ratio and CA 19-9 / total bilirubin ratio in differentiation between malignant and benign obstructive jaundice MOATAZ

Background and AIM: Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA199) is increased not only in patients with pancreatic or biliary cancers, but also in benign biliary diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of CA19-9, CA19-9/CRP ratio and CA19-9/total bilirubin ratio in differentiation between benign and malignant obstructive jaundice in Egyptian patients. Methods: The current prospective study included 50 patients with obstructive jaundice who were referred for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). They were classified into two groups; Group (1): 25 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice, and Group (2) 25 patients with benign obstructive jaundice. All included patients were subjected to: detailed history-taking, full 1 Corresponding author: saratropical@yahoo.com Moataz M Sayed, Ahmed I ElShafie, Mohamed Lotfy, Sara M Abdelhakam, Marwa RushdyClinical significance of serum CA 19-9, CA 19-9/CRP ratio and CA199/total bilirubin ratio in differentiation between malignant and benign obstructive jaundice EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 12 / March 2017 10272 clinical examination and laboratory investigations which included CBC, liver and renal profiles, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and CA 19-9. Results: Before ERCP, CA19-9 levels were significantly higher in malignant than in benign group, but after ERCP, CA19-9 levels became much significantly higher in malignant than in benign group and there was statistically significant decrease in CA19-9 level in the benign group. Serum CA19-9 at cut-off value of 37 U/ml showed sensitivity 80% and specificity 44% in differentiating between malignant and benign obstructive jaundice. When CA19-9 cut-off value was pushed up from 37 to 100 U/ml, the sensitivity decreased to 64% while the specificity increased to 64%. By using CA19-9/total bilirubin ratio (before ERCP) at cut-off value ≤ 15.84, the sensitivity decreased to 68% but specificity increased to 68%. By using the ratio of CA199/CRP (before ERCP) at cut-off value ≤ 34.3, the sensitivity and specificity were increased to 84% and 88%, respectively. Conclusion: CA19-9/CRP ratio (before ERCP) at cut-off value ≤ 34.3 has a better sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between the malignant and benign obstructive jaundice than CA19-9 alone and CA19-9/total bilirubin ratio.
The Association of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite which is a major opportunistic pathogen in patients who are immunocompromised that having cancer disease. Little is known about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in patients who are immunocompromised. This study investigate the possible association of T. gondii infection with cancer disease via determining the seropositivity rate of anti T. gondii antibodies (IgG and IgM) in Iraqi patients infected with breast and colorectal cancer and investigate the level of IL-6 in the studying groups. Overall 223 women serum samples that included 112 healthy controls samples and 111 samples with breast cancer (CA. Breast) and colorectal cancer (CA. CRC) enrolled in this study. The participants were tested for T. gondii immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) antibodies and (IL-6) levels. The results showed that 86 (77.46%) cancer sample out of 111 samples and 23 (20.54%) out of 112 control samples were positive to anti T. gondii IgG. The seropositive rate of anti T. gondii IgG in CA. Breast and CA. CRC patients (77.50%, 77.42%) respectively compared with control group (20.54%). The present results revealed that the higher percentages for anti- T. gondii IgG and IL-6 titer was among patients with CA. Breast and CA. CRC whose are seropositive to anti T. gondii IgG. In regard to the tumor size, higher mean levels of IgG and IL-6 was shown in the tumor size (> 5 cm). Concerning to the tumor stages, the highest mean titer of IgG and IL-6 in patients with CA. Breast and CA.CRC whose are seropositive to anti- T. gondii IgG was in stage (IIIC). According to the grade status, the highest mean titer of IgG Abs and IL-6 was in patients with CA. Breast and CA.CRC whose are seropositive to anti- T. gondii IgG was in grade (G3). The increased levels of anti- T. gondii IgG and IL-6 was significantly higher in CA. Breast and CA. CRC patients that infected with T. gondii compare with healthy control. Thus, anti- T. gondii IgG test and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines has to be taken into consideration as markers for staging of the cancers.
MicroRNAs couple cell fate and developmental timing in retina

Cell identity is acquired in different brain structures according to a stereotyped timing schedule, by accommodating the proliferation of multipotent progenitor cells and the generation of distinct types of mature nerve cells at precise times. However, the molecular mechanisms coupling the identity of a specific neuron and its birth date are poorly understood. In the neural retina, only late progenitor cells that divide slowly can become bipolar neurons, by the activation of otx2 and vsx1 genes. In Xenopus, we found that Xotx2 and Xvsx1 translation is inhibited in early progenitor cells that divide rapidly by a set of cell cycle-related microRNAs (miRNAs). Through expression and functional screenings, we selected 4 miRNAs—mir-129, mir-155, mir-214, and mir-222—that are highly expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic retina and bind to the 3′ UTR of Xotx2 and Xvsx1 mRNAs inhibiting their translation. The functional inactivation of these miRNAs in vivo releases the inhibition, supporting the generation of additional bipolar cells. We propose a model in which the proliferation rate and the age of a retinal progenitor are linked to each other and determine the progenitor fate through the activity of a set of miRNAs.
REGIONAL IDENTIFICAITON METHODS AND EXTRATROPICAL DYNAMICAL LINKAGES TO SURGE EVENTS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN MONSOON SYSTEM A Thesis

REGIONAL IDENTIFICAITON METHODS AND EXTRATROPICAL DYNAMICAL LINKAGES TO SURGE EVENTS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN MONSOON SYSTEM by James E. Favors Transient behavior of the North American monsoon allows for episodic northward pulses of atmospheric moisture into the southwestern US. These surge events pose a difficult forecasting issue due to an accepted means to qualify their occurrence and the ill-defined influence of tropical and extratropical features that enable and drive them. Surge events have often been misidentified by ground observation sites due to bias related to localized influences not associated with surges. This study proposes a novel method for the classification of surges based on their regional, rather than local, signature. This method is shown to be more accurate in capturing widespread summertime precipitation events across the Desert Southwest of the US than previously established methods. To further the understanding of mechanisms responsible for surge initiation, this study explores the influence that midlatitude troughs have on surges. Midlatitude troughs are shown to initiate surges that result in widespread precipitation across the southwestern US. Interactions where midlatitude troughs and tropical easterly waves jointly produce surge events are observed to dramatically increase the northward momentum and moisture flux and drive precipitation further north than typically associated with the North American monsoon system.
Lymphoreticular disorders in primary immunodeficiencies: New findings based on an up‐to‐date histologic classification of 35 cases

A histologic review was undertaken of 35 lymphoreticular disorders that developed in primary immunodeficiency patients from the Immunodeficiency Cancer Registry. Twenty‐one (60%) of the lesions were non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas: these included eight B‐immunoblastic sarcomas. Eight (23%) of the lesions were Hodgkin's disease, with a high frequency of lymphocytic depletion type in an unusually young age group. Three lesions (8.5%) represented abnormal proliferative processes, which could not be definitely categorized as either benign or malignant. There were only two acute lymphoblastic leukemias (6%). Differences were found between lymphomas arising in Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome and those occurring in ataxia‐telangiectasia; this suggests that different pathogenetic mechanisms might operate in their development. The lymphomas in Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome were all of non‐Hodgkin's type, predominantly B‐immunoblastic sarcomas, and presented as localized extranodal infiltrates. The lymphomas in ataxia‐telangiectasia were either Hodgkin's disease, mostly of lymphocytic depletion type, or non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas of the histologic subtypes associated with 14q translocations.
Risk of Giardia infection for drinking water and bathing in a peri-urban area in São Paulo, Brazil

A high incidence of waterborne diseases is observed worldwide and in order to address contamination problems prior to an outbreak, quantitative microbial risk assessment is a useful tool for estimating the risk of infection. The objective of this paper was to assess the probability of Giardia infection from consuming water from shallow wells in a peri-urban area. Giardia has been described as an important waterborne pathogen and reported in several water sources, including ground waters. Sixteen water samples were collected and examined according to the US EPA (1623, 2005). A Monte Carlo method was used to address the potential risk as described by the exponential dose response model. Giardia cysts occurred in 62.5% of the samples (<0.1–36.1 cysts/l). A median risk of 10−1 for the population was estimated and the adult ingestion was the highest risk driver. This study illustrates the vulnerability of shallow well water supply systems in peri-urban areas.
University of Groningen A cryptic type I polyketide synthase ( cpk ) gene cluster in Streptomyces coelicolor A 3 ( 2 )

The chromosome of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), a model organism for the genus Streptomyces, contains a cryptic type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster which was revealed when the genome was sequenced. The ca. 54-kb cluster contains three large genes, cpkA, cpkB and cpkC, encoding the PKS subunits. In silico analysis showed that the synthase consists of a loading module, Wve extension modules and a unique reductase as a terminal domain instead of a typical thioesterase. All acyltransferase domains are speciWc for a malonyl extender, and have a B-type ketoreductase. Tailoring and regulatory genes were also identiWed within the gene cluster. Surprisingly, some genes show high similarity to primary metabolite genes not commonly identiWed in any antibiotic biosynthesis cluster. Using western blot analysis with a PKS subunit (CpkC) antibody, CpkC was shown to be expressed in S. coelicolor at transition phase. Disruption of cpkC gave no obvious phenotype.