Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOLS FROM CORIANDER LEAVES (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM), RED AMARANTHUS (A. PANICULATUS) AND GREEN AMARANTHUS (A. FRUMENTACEUS) USING PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY: AND THEIR HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Plant materials, especially GLVs, are recently recommended for prevention of several chronic degenerative disorders (CDDs) due to the antioxidant properties of various flavonoids and phenolic acids present in them. It is therefore important to identify the active phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables. Scanty data are available on the characterization of polyphenols from vegetables commonly consumed in India. Thus an attempt was made to identify various flavonoids, phenolic acids and glycoflavones present in 3 common Indian green leafy vegetables (GLVs) namely, Coriander leaves (Coriandrum Sativum), Red amaranthus (A. Paniculatus) and Green amaranthus (A. Frumentaceus) leaves using paper chromatography. In Coriander Leaves quercetin, kaempferol and acacetin flavanoids were identified. The phenolic acids identified were vanilic acid, ferulic acid (cis and trans form) and p-coumaric acid. Similar results from red and green amaranth emphasize the role of these GLVs in the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases.
Molecular and Functional Analyses of Transport Proteins for Organic Anions

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-barrier (CSFB) is formed by the Choroid Plexūs (CP). Together with the blood brain barrier it represents an important barrier between brain and circulating blood. Since it can only be passed by small, lipid-soluble and uncharged molecules it is of particular interest to study active transport processes for charged substances across this tissue, especially because many drugs are substrates for these transport proteins. Transporters in the CP are similar to those in the kidney. Therefore, I performed comparative experiments with model organic anions in isolated proximal kidney tubules of killfish and CP of rat and spiny dogfish shark. ·First, I studied transport of the fluorescent cAMP analog fluo-cAMP. Inhibition studies indicate transport mediated by the export proteins Mrp2 and Mrp4. In contrast to transport of the Mrp2-substrate fluorescein-methotrexate (FL-MTX), transport is not regulated by proteinkinase (PK) A, and PKC. For better characterization of kinetic parameters I studied transport of fluo-cAMP in membrane vesicles of MRP2 and MRP4 overexpressing cells. Both MRPs transported fluo-cAMP with similar affinites. Different from results obtained from experiments using renal proximale tubules, fluo-cAMP transport in CP seems not to be mediated by Mrp4, whereas a participation of Mrp1 is likely. Regulation of fluo-cAMP transport in rat CP is not mediated by PKA, PKC or mitogen activated PK (MAPK). ·Transport of Texas Red (TR) and FL-MTX was studied in CP of rat and spiny dogfish shark. Transport of TR across rat CP is a two-step mechanism, which is metabolism-driven, Na+-dependent, potential independent and also independent from Mrp1, Mrp2 and Mrp4. In dogfish shark CP TR transport is Na+-independent, with apical uptake apparently mediated by an Oat-protein, whereas basolateral efflux seems to be mediated by Oatp2 and Mrp1. ·Apical uptake of FL-MTX in rat CP is also Na+-independent with an potential independent basolateral efflux, which is presumably mediated via Mrp1 and Oatp2. Activation of PKA results in an activation of FL-MTX efflux. In dogfish shark FL-MTX is transported via the same transport proteins. But in contrast to rat CP, activation of PKA results in a reduced efflux of FL-MTX, whereas activation of PKC leads to a downregulation of FL-MTX transport.
Isolamento de Prototheca spp. de vacas com mastite, de leite de tanques de expansão e do ambiente dos animais 1 Isolation of Prototheca spp. from cows with mastitis, bulk tanks milk and in the environment of the animals

The dairy cattle mammary gland infections cause serious economic losses to dairy farmers due to the decrease in milk production, therapeutic procedures and culling of chronic infected animals. High incidence of mastitis in herds also alters both the composition and the quality of the milk. Mastitis pathogens can also cause infections and poisoning in humans. In the last years, emphasis has been given to intramammary infections caused by the genus Prototheca which, besides their zoonotic
Interactions of corticosterone with feeding, activity and metabolism in passerine birds

Corticosterone (B) may play a direct role in the promotion of feeding behavior under conditions of nutritional stress. However, effects of exogenous B and nutritional stress in passerines indicate a complex relationship of fed state, perceived or anticipated nutritional stress, and previous history. In a series of investigations on caged White-crowned Zonotrichia leucophrys and Song Sparrows Z. melodia, foraging behaviors and feeding rates were unaffected by exogenous B in fed birds. When food was returned, birds implanted with B refed for longer and with greater intensity following the 24 hour fast. Additionally, B-implanted birds showed lower activity (perch hopping) than controls when fed ad libitum, but when fasted this trend reversed with B-implanted birds showing increased activity and apparent escape behavior. In a second study, small flocks of Pine Siskins Carduelis pinus and Darkeyed Juncos Junco hyemalis held in aviaries and fasted for 24 hours had higher plasma levels of B than similar flocks that had been allowed to refeed for 1 hour after fasting. However, the highest levels of B in fasted birds were still lower than in free-living conspecifics exposed to capture stress. This low amplitude modulation of plasma B levels in relation to fed state was corroborated by results from free-living Pine Siskins and Lapland Longspurs Calcarius lapponicus captured during snow storms. In spite of unusually high feeding intensities during the storm, individuals of only some Pine Siskins and no Lapland Longspurs had elevated circulating levels of B. In the latter species, serial samples revealed very high levels of B within 15 minutes of capture suggesting enhanced adrenal secretory activity as a result of the storm. Finally, in White-crowned Sparrows, exogenous B substantially reduced overnight metabolic expenditure by reducing the frequency and amplitude of arousal bouts during the night. This suggested a possible energy savings effect of B during the hours when foraging was impossible and, possibly, insurance that the individual will retain sufficient resources to seek food the following day. Taken together, our data suggest that B may be important for initiation of food-searching during periods of food deprivation. Only small increases in B secretion appear to be required thus facilitating a rapid return to homeostasis after food is located. Although under prolonged nutritional stress the basal levels of B remained low, adrenal potential to secrete B in response to further stress increased dramatically.
AMPLIFICATION AND SEQUENCING OF DNA FROM

We have utilized the polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA from 35 collections of dried fungi obtained from four different herbaria. Sixteen of these samples were subsequently sequenced. The collections had been dried and stored under a variety of conditions for 1-50 years. DNA was extracted from 5-30 mg of ground tissue and a specific fragment of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene was amplified. Sequences obtained from DNA cloned from a culture and those from DNA amplified from the corresponding dried voucher collection were found to be identical. Controls lacking DNA failed to produce amplified products. This application ofthe polymerase chain reaction increases the value of fungal herbarium specimens by enabling their use in molecular systematic and population genetic studies, and it creates new curatorial demands.
Antioxidant Activities of Citrus Albedo and Flavedo Fragments Against Fish Lipid Oxidation

ABSTRACT This research aimed to inhibit the oxidation of fish lipid by adding the ethanol extracts of albedo and flavedo fragments of grapefruit, sour orange, and bergamot. The samples were stored at 25°C, and analyses were performed on weekly intervals. The albedo fragments of sour orange extract had the highest antioxidant activity (0.342 ± 0.002 µM Trolox) and total phenolic content (5.29 ± 0.00 g GAE/100 g dry matter). Lipid oxidation increased rapidly in control samples compared to the extract treatments. The lowest scores for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), para-anisidine value, peroxide value, and UV absorbance values were determined in sour orange albedo extracts as 5.21 mg MDA/kg, 17.81 and 4.78 meq O2/kg, 2.24, and 0.403, respectively, at the end of the storage. More successful results were obtained with the peels of grapefruit and bergamot in supressing the lipid oxidation. Bergamot extract was the most preferred citrus in terms of sensory analyses.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Strategies on Retention of Antioxidant Phenolic Bioactives in Foods and Beverages – a Review

Abstract Phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids have health-promoting benefits that play some important roles in foods as visual appearance, taste, aroma and represent an abundant antioxidant component of the human and animal diet. High hydrostatic pressure processing (HHPP) conditions (300–700 MPa) at moderate initial temperatures (around ambient) are generally sufficient to inactivate vegetative pathogens for pasteurization processes, some enzymes, or spoilage organisms to extend the shelf-life. The aim of the review is to reveal the effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing strategies on the retention of antioxidant phenolic bioactives in foods and beverages. HHPP can increase extraction capacity of phenolic constituents, and ensure higher levels of preserved bioactive constituents. High pressure extraction (HPE) can shorten processing times, provide higher extraction yields while having less negative effects on the structure and antioxidant activity of bioactive constituents. HPE enhances mass transfer rates, increases cell permeability, increases diffusion of phenolics and retains higher levels of bioactive compounds. Total phenolics in HHPP-treated foods were either unaffected or actually increased in concentration and/or extractability following treatment with high pressure.
Molecular analysis of the mosquito larvicidal toxins of Bacillus sphaericus 1593M

MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE MOSQUITO LARVICIDAL TOXINS OF BACILLUS SPHAERICUS 1593M. by Vidya Rajan Bacillus sphaericus produces a sporulation associated toxin specific for the larvae of dipteran insects: mosquitoes that are vectors for the transmission of human diseases such as malaria and filariasis. Two dissimilar DNA sequences conferring larvicidal activity on recombinant Escherichia coli had previously been cloned from B.sphaericus 1593M (Souza et al,, (1988), J. Biotechnol. , 1_, 71-82). Proteins encoded by one of these DNA sequences are studied in this thesis. The DNA sequence cloned from B.sphaericus 1593M is here shown to encode two proteins of 41 and 59KDa that are together required for toxicity to mosquito larvae. These proteins were previously hypothesized to exist in the crystal of B. sphaericus as high molecular weight oligomers (Baumann et al., (1985), J. Bacteriol. , 163, 738-747). X now show that these two proteins are distinct from the high molecular weight protein which appears to constitute the majority species of the crystal. X have identified this protein as the Surface layer protein of B . sphaericus. % also show that the 59KDa species is a distinct and separate constituent of the crystal. As a prerequisite for raising antibodies to study regulation of synthesis of these proteins, purification following overproduction or secretion was investigated. Thus, attempts were made to purify the 41 and 59KDa proteins from E.coli cells using the C-terminal signal sequence of Haemolysin, a protein normally secreted from E.coli, Furthermore, attempts were made to express the gene encoding the 4lKDa protein in E.coli to a high level from X Pĵ and P^ promoters. X show that this protein could not be overexpressed in this way. This was attributed to a lack of transcript termination on the vector due to the presence of a faulty fd transcription terminator downstream of the gene. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the 59KDa protein was determined. This sequence was then used to design an approach which led to the overexpression of the gene from the T7 RNA polymerase-recognized 010 promoter on the plasmid pET3a. This in turn allowed the production of antibodies. The expression of the mRNA transcripts of the genes encoding the 41 and 59KDa proteins were also studied in B.sphaericus and p-galactosidase fusions were constructed to serve as "reporters" for the expression of the 41 and 59KDa proteins in E.coli and B.subtilis. I propose that the regulation of expression of the genes is complicated, and depends upon the use of two, temporally regulated promoters.
Description of two new Clarias species from Borneo (Siluriformes, Clariidae)

Clarias pseudoleiacanthus sp. nov. est decrite en provenance de la partie indonesienne de Borneo. Cette nouvelle espece se distingue des autres especes de Clarias d'Asie du Sud-Est par la combinaison des caracteres suivants: une courte distance entre l'extremite du processus occipital et la base du premier rayon dorsal (4.5-5.6% SL), un processus occipital tres court et arrondi (5.7-8.0% HL), l'absence de serrations sur la face anterieure de l'epine pectorale, 17-19 branchiospines sur le premier arc branchial et une nageoire anale relativement courte comparee a C. nieuhofii (48.4-54.4 vs. 59.7-66.8% SL) avec 55-57 rayons. Clarias kapuasensis sp. nov. est decrite de la partie amont du fleuve Kapuas (Ouest Borneo, Indonesie). Cette nouvelle espece se distingue des autres especes de Clarias d'Asie du Sud-Est par la combinaison des caracteres suivants: un processus occipital tres court de forme arrondie (5.2-6.6% HL), une longue distance entre l'extremite du processus occipital et la base du premier rayon dorsal (6.4-8.7% SL), l'absence de serrations sur la face anterieure de l'epine pectorale, 21-22 branchiospines sur le premier arc branchial et une nageoire anale relativement courte comparee a C. nieuhofii (48.7-53.1 vs. 59.7-66.8% SL) avec 51-60 rayons.
TBARS, Glutathione and Carnitine Levels in Human Brain Tumours NSAN BEYN TÜMÖRLERNDE TBARS, GLUTATYON, KARNTN DÜZEYLER

Summary Purpose: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the tissue lipid peroxidation (TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), reduced glutathione (GSH) and carnitine levels in human brain tumours. Results: The mean carnitine, GSH and TBARS levels for tumourous group were found to be 0.011±0.0047 μg/mg protein, 0.03±0.01 μg/mg protein and 2.3±1.3 μmol/mg protein respectively versus 0.019±0.002 μg/mg protein, 0.0387±0.01 μg/mg protein and 0.62±0.2 μmol/mg protein for normal brain tissues. Carnitine and GSH levels were found to be significantly lower in human brain tumours (p<0.001, p<0.05) than in control group. Whereas the mean TBARS level of tumourous group was significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, elevated tissue TBARS level may be due to the decreased levels of carnitine and GSH in human brain tumours.
Saturation state and the evolution and biogeography of symbiotic calcification

Modern biogeographic distributions of related organisms with and without algal symbiosis and calcified skeletons support the inference that calcium carbonate saturation state may play a role in environmental controls on the nature and extent of symbiotically-enhanced calcification. Consideration of diffusion rates and biological advective mechanisms, in combination with experimental evidence on the effects of water motion, leads to the conclusion that the rate of calcification in symbiotic corals may be particularly depended on the supersaturation of the surrounding water. In the Cretaceous, high atmospheric C02 and elevated calcium carbonate compensation depths are consistent with reduced surface ocean saturation, which can be used to explain the competitive dominance of rudists over corals in reef formations of that period.
RIG-I-Induced Type I IFNs Promote Regeneration of the Intestinal Stem Cell Compartment during Acute Tissue Damage

Introduction: Although the role of Type I IFNs in initiating host defense against pathogens is well established, recent work highlights the regenerative function of this cytokine family. Yet, despite its involvement in tissue repair, the cellular targets and mechanisms of action by which Type I IFNs act during tissue regeneration are poorly understood. Results: Here, we describe a hitherto unrecognized regenerative function for the RIG-I/MAVS/IFN-I pathway through direct effects on epithelial regeneration. Mice deficient in the RIG-I adaptor MAVS were more sensitive to intestinal barrier damage after total body irradiation (TBI) and, like RIG-I deficient mice, developed worse graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a preclinical model for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This phenotype was not associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota, but with a defect in epithelial regeneration. Moreover, in contrast to previous reports in steady-state conditions and after viral challenge, we found that interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) signaling in non-hematopoietic epithelial cells was crucial for tissue regeneration after acute damage. Importantly, we could demonstrate that this pathway could be therapeutically targeted with RIG-I agonists, which promoted barrier integrity and prevented GVHD. Mechanistically, Type I IFNs (either RIG-I-induced or recombinant) could promote intestinal stem cell (ISC) growth in crypt organoid cultures, suggesting that stimulation of the ISC compartment led to epithelial regeneration. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that activation of RIG-I and IFN-I can promote regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells and thus offers an innovative therapeutic strategy for the management of acute intestinal injury. Disclosures van den Brink:Merck: Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Other: Advisory board attendee; Regeneron: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Tobira Therapeutics: Other: Advisory board attendee.
Potential effects of groundcover restoration on breeding bird communities in longleaf pine stands

The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the United States. Recent incentives have led to increased interest in longleaf pine restoration. These restoration efforts often emphasize reestablishing native groundcovers, yet there have been no studies that address the role of native groundcover on breeding bird communities within longleaf pine forests. Therefore, we studied breeding bird communities in mature longleaf pine stands with either native or disturbed groundcovers to determine the likely effects of groundcover reestablishment associated with longleaf pine reforestation. Avian species richness and diversity did not differ (P=0.823, P=0.571, respectively), and avian community similarity was high (Morisita's index=0.98) between native and disturbed groundcover. However, pine warblers (Dendroica pinus), gray cat-birds (Dumetella carolinensis), eastern wood-pewees (Contopus virens), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and Bachman's sparrows (Aimophila aestivalis) were more abundant (P≤0.10) in areas with native groundcover, whereas indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) were more abundant (P=0.058) in areas with disturbed groundcover. Although groundcover restoration may benefit some avian populations, overall avian species richness, diversity, and community composition may be unaffected. Restoration of native groundcover may be best justified for aesthetic values and as a tool to facilitate long-term stand management using prescribed fire.
Effect of different RSC waters and zinc fertilization onnutrient ratios of fenugreek

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different RSC waters and zinc fertilization on soil properties, yield and nutrient ratios of fenugreek on loamy sand soil. The experiment comprising 12 treatment combinations replicated three times was laid out in completely randomized block design with four levels of RSC water (control, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mmol L-1) and three levels of Zn (0, 10 and 20 mg ZnSO4 ha-1 soil). Results revealed that under 7.5 mmol L-1 RSC of irrigation water, the ECe, content of different fractions of soil Zn and available soil Zn was decreased significantly, while pH and ESP of soil increased significantly. The seed and straw yield of crop, P/Zn in straw and Ca/Mg ratios of seed and straw decreased significantly with all levels of RSC of irrigation water. While, Na/K, Na + K/Ca and Na/Ca ratio of seed and straw increased significantly. P/Zn and Fe/Zn ratios of seed also increased significantly. The increasing level of zinc significantly increased the seed and straw yield of crop, Ca/Mg ratio of seed and straw. While P/Zn, Zn/Fe, Na/K, Na + K/Ca and Na/Ca ratios of seed and straw decreased significantly.
Effects of Feed restriction on the growth performance, organ size and carcass characteristics of Broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted with an objective to study the effects of feed restriction on the performance of broiler chicken. Total of 96, Indian River strain, unisex broiler day old chicks were distributed into four experimental units in a complete randomized design. The birds in the control treatment were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period and the birds in other three treatments were fed restricted by withdrawing the feed for 3 hours (9 a.m. to 12 p.m), 5 hours (9 a.m. to 2 p.m) and 7 hours (9 a.m. to 4 p.m), respectively from day 10 to day 30. Each diet was fed to 24 birds in three replicates. The body weights and feed consumption were recorded weekly and the body weight gains and feed conversion ratio were calculated. Three birds from each replicate were used for the measurement of organ size on day 41. The average weight of the day-old chicks was 50 g. The results revealed that the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens were not affected by the feed restriction for 3, 5 and 7 hours. However, significantly higher relative gizzard weights were observed in the birds fed restricted for 3 hours and 5 hours while significantly highest relative liver weight was observed in the birds fed ad libitum.
Description of immature stages of Prasadiseius cocytes (Prasad, 1970) (Acari: Otopheidomenidae)

Immature stages of Prasadiseius cocytes (Prasad, 1970) (Acari: Otopheidomenidae) are described for the first time based on live material collected from sphingid moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) during an expedition to Peru in August 2010. Different idiosomal structures, setal patterns and some details of the gnathosoma using photos are provided.
Detection of minor populations of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from whole genome sequencing

Mixed populations of susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials can occur in Staphylococcus aureusinfections. This can delay drug susceptibility testing of the samples as clones have to be recultured and separated. It can also have clinical implications as a minor populations of resistant bacteria can dramatically expand to dominate infections as antibiotic treatment removes their susceptible competition. It has previously been shown that it is possible to predict drug resistance from WGS genotype information in single-clone samples [2]. Since whole genome bacterial sequencing involves considerable oversampling, it is possible to detect minor population genotypes, provided they occur at a frequency that is distinguishable from sequencing errors. This would potentially enable detection of the presence and frequency of minor resistant populations in mixed bacterial infections from WGS data.