Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Red Signals Dominance in Male Rhesus Macaques

Hill and Barton (2005) found that participants in combat sports at the 2004 Olympic Games were more likely to win if they wore red uniforms rather than blue ones. The authors attributed these results to an evolutionary history of intrasexual competition, arguing that red coloration is a signal of dominance and aggression in humans. This view is supported by the fact that red coloration is correlated with male dominance in some nonhuman primates (Bergman, Ho, & Beehner, 2009; Setchell & Wickings, 2005). However, experimental evidence for red as a signal of dominance that actually influences behavior in nonhuman primates is lacking. To help fill in this gap in the literature, we carried out an experiment on a species of monkey that has humanlike color vision: the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta; Higham et al., 2010). Facial redness is a salient feature of the rhesus macaque phenotype (Gerald, Waitt, & Little, 2009; Waitt et al., 2003). Thus, if the hypothesis that red signals dominance is correct, male macaques would be expected to respond submissively to red coloration when given the opportunity to steal food from a human.
Liberating Reason From the Passions

A classic problem in moral psychology concerns whether and when moral judgments are driven by intuition versus deliberate reasoning. In this investigation, we explored the role of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that involves construing an emotion-eliciting situation in a way that diminishes the intensity of the emotional experience. We hypothesized that although emotional reactions evoke initial moral intuitions, reappraisal weakens the influence of these intuitions, leading to more deliberative moral judgments. Three studies of moral judgments in emotionally evocative, disgust-eliciting moral dilemmas supported our hypothesis. A greater tendency to reappraise was related to fewer intuition-based judgments (Study 1). Content analysis of open-ended descriptions of moral-reasoning processes revealed that reappraisal was associated with longer time spent in deliberation and with fewer intuitionist moral judgments (Study 2). Finally, in comparison with participants who simply watched an emotion-inducing film, participants who had been instructed to reappraise their reactions while watching the film subsequently reported less intense emotional reactions to moral dilemmas, and these dampened reactions led, in turn, to fewer intuitionist moral judgments (Study 3).
Pharyngeal Dysphagia and Botox: A Case Study

Abstract Within the first 24 hours, 60 to 80% of stroke victims will have some degree of swallowing disorder. We present LM an 80-year-old widow, who was admitted with inability to drink tea when she woke up one morning. There was no muscle weakness of upper or lower limb but her gait was mildly ataxic with a tendency to fall to the right. MRI showed subacute infarct right inferior cerebellum and lateral medulla. Initial Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) Study revealed there was severe tightness of cricopharyngeal muscles (CPM) making swallowing even saliva impossible. Nasogastric tube feeding was in situ, no change in swallowing was noted after a month, and this was confirmed by MBS. There were three options to resolve the issue (a) cricopharyngeal myotomy, (b) percutaneous gastrostomy, or (c) botulinum toxin serotype A injection (BoTN/A). Patient opted for BoTN/A injection. The devastating effects of swallowing disorder on quality of life in general are underplayed. Very few patients post stroke can express their thoughts and feelings when they cannot eat or drink for a long period of time. One day she said, “All I want is a blueberry muffin and a cup of tea. ” Neurologist injected 10 mouse units to the CPM. One week post injection MBS was repeated and positive outcomes were noted. In 2 weeks she resumed eating normal textured diet. The outcomes were positive and in her case she was able to eat (muffins) and drink (tea) again.
Something in the Way She Sings

Across species, there is considerable evidence of preferential processing for biologically significant signals such as conspecific vocalizations and the calls of individual conspecifics. Surprisingly, music cognition in human listeners is typically studied with stimuli that are relatively low in biological significance, such as instrumental sounds. The present study explored the possibility that melodies might be remembered better when presented vocally rather than instrumentally. Adults listened to unfamiliar folk melodies, with some presented in familiar timbres (voice and piano) and others in less familiar timbres (banjo and marimba). They were subsequently tested on recognition of previously heard melodies intermixed with novel melodies. Melodies presented vocally were remembered better than those presented instrumentally even though they were liked less. Factors underlying the advantage for vocal melodies remain to be determined. In line with its biological significance, vocal music may evoke increased vigilance or arousal, which in turn may result in greater depth of processing and enhanced memory for musical details.
Buffer the Pain Away

Social exclusion hurts, literally. Indeed, various forms of social exclusion trigger a pain response (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003). According to pain-overlap theories (Eisenberger et al., 2003; MacDonald & Leary, 2005), experiences of social and physical threat are processed similarly. Because belonging is critical for survival and reproduction (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), a system that uses similar signals for social and physical threats may have been evolutionarily advantageous. Supporting these theories, several studies have shown that social exclusion activates brain regions that process and regulate the unpleasantness of physical pain—including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC; Eisenberger et al., 2003). Whereas the dACC relates to the affective component of pain (Rainville, Duncan, Price, Carrier, & Bushnell, 1997), the rVLPFC is associated with the regulation of pain (Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008). Accordingly, neuroimaging studies suggest that the rVLPFC inhibits pain resulting from social exclusion (Eisenberger et al., 2003; Kross, Egner, Ochsner, Hirsch, & Downey, 2007; Onoda et al., 2010). Yet whether a causal relationship exists between rVLPFC activity and feelings of social pain has until now been unknown. The experiment reported here provides the first proof of this causal relationship by showing that stimulating the rVLPFC reduces the pain of social exclusion. Specifically, we tested whether noninvasive brain polarization through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over rVLPFC, compared with sham stimulation over the same area, reduced pain following social exclusion.
Do Local and Global Perceptual Biases Tell Us Anything About Local and Global Selective Attention?

Local, as opposed to global, perceptual bias has been linked to a lesser ability to attend globally. We examined this proposed link in Himba observers, members of a remote Namibian population who have demonstrated a strong local bias compared with British observers. If local perceptual bias is related to a lesser ability to attend globally, Himba observers, relative to British observers, should be less distracted by global information when performing a local-selection task but more distracted by local information when performing a global-selection task. However, Himba observers performed better than British observers did on both a local-selection task and a global-selection task (both of which used local/global hierarchical figures as stimuli), which suggests that they possessed greater control over attentional selection in response to task demands. We conclude that local and global perceptual biases must be distinguished from local and global selective attention.
Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) levels in gingival crevicular fluid from adults with previous evidence of destructive periodontitis

We have estimated the levels of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) by ELISA in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at 58 sites from 37 patients with adult periodontitis. GCF was collected for 5 s on filter papers and a 2nd sample was collected for 30 s 1 min later. 68/116 strips yielded detectable levels of IL-1 beta. IL-1 beta was present in both the 1st and 2nd samples at 28 sites, in the 1st only at 4 sites and in the 2nd only at 8 sites; 18 sites were below the level of detection for the assay. When the concentrations of IL-1 beta were calculated in the original volume of GCF on each strip, the mean value for positive strips was 34.16 +/- 29.45 (SD) pg/microliters with a range from 1.75 to 97.13 pg/microliters. There were no statistically significant correlations with the plaque index, bleeding index or probable crevice depth (pocket depth). The results indicate that IL-1 is present in the GCF from a proportion of sites with evidence of previous periodontal destruction.
I Know Not To, but I Can’t Help It

Reciprocal relations between weight and psychological factors suggest that there are deep connections between mind and body. Personality traits are linked to weight gain; weight gain may likewise be associated with personality change. Using data from two diverse longitudinal samples (N = 1,919) collected at two time points an average of 10 years apart, we showed that significant weight gain is associated with increases in both impulsiveness and deliberation: In both samples, middle-aged adults who gained 10% or more of their baseline body weight by follow-up increased in their tendency to give in to temptation, yet were more thoughtful about the consequences of their actions. The present research moves beyond life events to implicate health status in adult personality development. The findings also suggest that interventions focusing on the emotional component of impulse control may be more effective because even people who become more thoughtful about the consequences of their actions may have limited success at inhibiting their behavior.
Pandemic influenza. Ferrets shed light on new virus's severity and spread.

Pandemic InfluenzaTwo groups have infected ferrets with the new pandemic A(H1N1) influenza strain, and their papers, published online by Science this week, confirm what doctors around the world appear to be seeing: The new virus is a bit more pathogenic than seasonal influenza but nowhere near as dangerous as the 1918 pandemic virus or H5N1 avian influenza. The studies disagree, however, on how easily the virus spreads: One team concludes that it does so very well, but the other believes that it's only moderately adept at jumping from one animal to the next, or, for that matter, between humans.
Insulin resistance. Prosperity's plague.

Insulin resistance is the thread that runs through many chronic afflictions of modern times—obesity, heart disease, and, most conspicuously, type 2 diabetes. All are entangled with diet, and all are linked causally to a dysfunctional response to insulin, the hormone that orchestrates the body9s use and storage of nutrients. Elucidating the causes of insulin resistance is one of the most critical endeavors in modern medicine, and two competing theories have now gained wide support. One is that cells essentially become poisoned by fat. This lipotoxicity or lipid overload hypothesis holds that normal processes break down when fat (adipose) tissue cannot store excess fat, and fat accumulates inappropriately in muscle and liver cells. The main rival to this idea, the inflammation hypothesis, holds that as fat cells increase in size with the accumulation of fat, they release inflammatory cytokines and molecules known as adipokines. It9s these molecules, so this theory goes, that cause insulin resistance elsewhere in the body. Researchers are now confident that these inflammatory mechanisms play some role in insulin resistance. But they still can9t say for sure whether those roles are causal.
Science education. Universities begin to rethink first-year biology courses.

Science EducationThis month, 500 researchers, educators, and policymakers met in Washington, D.C., at a conference sponsored by the National Science Foundation and AAAS (which publishes Science ) to assess how far they have come in their efforts to improve undergraduate introductory biology courses, which are seen as a critical step toward raising the nation's scientific literacy. The consensus: There's still a long way to go. Correcting the problem, speakers agreed, will require changing a deep-rooted academic culture that values research over teaching and makes little provision for doing a good job in the classroom.
Spline-based surface fitting on range images for CAD applications

The authors present an approach for integration of manually designed parts in CAD databases. They propose a system to derive spline-based descriptions of various component surfaces of objects given only the range image of the object under consideration. The system consists of two modules. The first module, which is centred on a robust segmentation algorithm, generates a segmentation plot of the given range image. The second module then derives spline-based descriptions for each of the different segmented surfaces. <<ETX>>
Color constancy computation in near-Mondrian scenes using a finite dimensional linear model

The authors combine an alternate version of B.K. P. Horn's computation (1974) for recovering lightness from Land's retinex scheme, as modified by A. Blake (1985), with a finite-dimensional linear model for color images. The authors recover surface spectral reflectance from images of near-Mondrian scenes by using edge detection and derivatives to screen out slowly changing illumination from color scene images. They first develop a model for lightness recovery, based on Horn's, because a similar treatment is needed for the FDM case (a particular finite-dimensional linear model). Based on the equations for the one-dimensional case, they develop a model of surface reflectance recovery for near-Mondrian images by extending the basic approach to the vector model of illumination, reflectance, and receptors. <<ETX>>
Massively parallel brain imaging.

Inventing technology that pushes the frontiers of brain research is the passion of applied physicist and neuroscientist Mark Schnitzer. His lab at Stanford University has cranked out several cutting-edge devices in recent years, including a 1.1-gram fluorescence microscope that can be mounted on a freely moving mouse to monitor the activity of neurons and glial cells and a 2.9-gram fiber-optic two-photon microscope for imaging cells deep inside the brain of an active rodent. Now he9s working on an even bolder project, developing optical imaging technology for simultaneously recording neural activity in the brains of 100 fruit flies. Compared with current methods, which allow imaging only one fly at a time, such "massively parallel brain imaging" could open up research questions that have been out of reach, Schnitzer says.
Raltegravir Intensification Therapy in Two Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Patients with Undetectable Viremia and Discordant CD4+ Response

Immunologic failure is characterized by the inability to maintain an adequate CD4+ cell count despite human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression below standard limits of detection. With no consensus on the most efficacious treatment for poor immunologic response, intensification of a given antiretroviral therapy regimen with an additional antiretroviral agent has been proposed. We describe the responses to intensification therapy with raltegravir to increase CD4+ cell count in two HIV‐infected patients who were receiving optimized antiretroviral therapy but experienced discordant immunologic response. In both patients, HIV RNA remained undetectable for at least 70 weeks. The first patient demonstrated no clinically significant change in absolute CD4+ count over baseline (‐2 cells/mm3) as well as a net decrease in CD4+ percentage (‐3%). The second patient demonstrated a robust increase in absolute CD4+ count over baseline (+61 cells/mm3) and a clinically significant increase in CD4+ percentage (+3%). Therefore, conflicting immunologic responses to raltegravir intensification occurred in these two patients with undetectable HIV RNA who were receiving optimized background therapy. Management strategies for immunologic failure and results of the few studies on intensification with antiretrovirals in virologically suppressed patients are discussed. Further prospective trials confirming the immunologic benefits of raltegravir intensification are required before this strategy can be routinely recommended.
Juzzy - A Java based toolkit for Type-2 Fuzzy Logic

In this paper we introduce a Java based toolkit for the development of type-1, interval type-2 and (zSlices based) general type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLSs) which is available as a free download. We describe our motivation for the release of such a toolkit in Java - to improve the accessibility to specifically type-2 FLSs to users both in industry and academia beyond the fuzzy logic research community, as well as to facilitate the application of FLSs in real world applications from web and cloud based deployments to multi-agent based control, for example in smart buildings. To the best of our knowledge it is the first package or toolkit that enables the straightforward design and implementation of type-1, interval and general type-2 FLSs. We showcase and review the toolkit's features and provide sample implementations of the different FLSs, together with explanations and source code. Finally, we conclude with future developments and a call for feedback and contributions to drive the further development of the toolkit.
5-azacitidine prolongs overall survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome - systematic review and meta-analysis (Reply to Kumar et al. and to Herbst et al.)

We read with interest the meta-analysis of Kumar et al . [1][1] and the correspondence of Herbst et al . [2][2] The former supports our meta-analysis, recently published in this journal. [3][3] Although both Kumar’s and our meta-analysis show overall survival benefit with 5-azacitidine in patients
Perioperative Management : Cardiac Sirch et al P M Active clearance of chest drainage catheters reduces retained blood

Objective: Chest tubes are used to clear blood from around the heart and lungs after heart surgery, but they can be obstructed by a blood clot, leading to retained blood syndrome (RBS). We sought to examine the frequency of RBS and associated morbidity, and to determine the influence of a preventative active chest tube clearance (ATC) protocol on these outcomes. Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed a simple protocol to institute ATC to preventatively clear chest tubes of clot during the first 24 hours after heart surgery. An extensive educational in-service was performed before universal implementation (phase 1). We retrospectively compared data collected prospectively from 1849 patients before universal implementation (phase 0) with data from 256 patients collected prospectively after universal implementation (phase 2), and then used propensity matching for outcomes assessment. Results: In propensity-matched patients, 19.9% of patients had interventions for RBS (phase 0). After the implementation of ATC (phase 2), the percent of patients with interventions for RBS was reduced to 11.3%, representing a 43% reduction in RBS (P1⁄4 .0087). These patients had a 33% reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation from 30% (78 out of 256) in phase 0 to 20% (52 out of 256) in phase 2. (P 1⁄4 .013). Conclusions: ATC is associated with a reduced need for interventions for RBS and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Our findings underscore the importance of maintaining chest tube patency in the early hours after cardiac surgery. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;151:832-38) From the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kllinikum N€urnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany; and St Charles Medical Center, Bend, Ore. Read at the Foundation for the Advancement of Cardiothoracic Surgical Care Cardiovascular-Thoracic Critical Care Meeting, Washington, DC, October 10, 2014. Received for publication Nov 20, 2014; revisions received Oct 1, 2015; accepted for publication Oct 10, 2015; available ahead of print Nov 21, 2015. Address for reprints: Theodor Fischlein, MD, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Klinikum N€urnberg Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany (E-mail: theodor.fischlein@klinikum-nuernberg.de). 0022-5223 Copyright 2016 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jtcvs. 2015.10. 015 832 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery c March 2016 Active tube clearance reduces retained blood syndrome and postoperative atrial fibrillation.
Stock Trend Prediction by Sequential Chart Pattern via K-Means and AprioriAll Algorithm

In this paper we present a model to predict the stock trend based on a combination of sequential chart pattern, K-Means and AprioriAll algorithm. The stock price sequence is truncated to charts by sliding window. Then the charts are clustered by K-Means algorithm to form chart patterns. Therefore, the charts form chart pattern sequences, and frequent patterns in the sequences can be extracted by AprioriAll algorithm. The existence of frequent patterns implies that some specific market behaviors often show accompanied, thus the corresponding trend can be predicted. Experiment results show that the proposed system can produce better index return with fewer trade. Its annualized return is also better than award winning mutual funds. Therefore, the proposed method makes profits on the real market, even in a long-term usage.
Choosing, Doing, and Controlling: Implicit Sense of Agency Over Somatosensory Events

Sense of agency—a feeling of control over one’s actions and their outcomes—might include at least two components: free choice over which outcome to pursue and motoric control over the action causing the outcome. We orthogonally manipulated locus of outcome choice (free or instructed choice) and motoric control (active or passive movement), while measuring the perceived temporal attraction between actions and outcomes (temporal binding) as an implicit marker of agency. Participants also rated stimulus intensity so that we could measure sensory attenuation, another possible implicit marker of agency. Actions caused higher or lower levels of either painful heat or mild electrotactile stimulation. We found that both motoric control and outcome choice contributed to outcome binding. Moreover, free choice, relative to instructed choice, attenuated the perceived magnitude of high-intensity outcomes, but only when participants made an active movement. Thus, choosing, not just doing, influences temporal binding and sensory attenuation, though in different ways. Our results show that these implicit measures of agency are sensitive to both voluntary motor commands and instrumental control over action outcomes.