Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The pyrolysis characteristics of wood waste containing different types of varnishes

The wood industry produces large amounts of wood waste. This waste usually contains a number of nonwood materials, such as paints or varnishes. In this study, the pyrolysis characteristics of wood waste containing synthetic, polyurethane, and polyester varnishes were investigated for conversion into renewable liquid fuels. The elemental analysis and higher heating values of the bio- oils were determined. The chemical compounds present in the bio-oils obtained at an optimum temperature were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis. The product yields and compositions were affected by the types of varnishes. The maximum bio-oil yield of 46.7% was obtained from pyrolysis of waste wood containing polyester varnish at a final pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. The bio-oil produced from wood waste containing varnishes was composed mainly of phenols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, alcohols, benzenes, and N-containing compounds. The phenols accounted for the largest amount of compounds in the bio-oils. Therefore, the bio-oil produced from varnished wood waste could be a potential substitute for biofuels and green chemicals.
Computational Statistics and Data Analysis Sparse spatially clustered coeﬃcient model via adaptive regularization

Large spatial datasets with many spatial covariates have become ubiquitous in many ﬁelds in recent years. A question of interest is to identify which covariates are likely to inﬂuence a spatial response, and whether and how the effects of these covariates vary across space, including potential abrupt changes from region to region. To solve this question, a new eﬃcient regularized spatially clustered coeﬃcient (RSCC) regression approach is proposed, which could achieve variable selection and identify latent spatially heterogeneous covariate effects with clustered patterns simultaneously. By carefully designing the regularization term of RSCC as a chain graph guided fusion penalty plus a group lasso penalty, the RSCC model is computationally eﬃcient for large spatial datasets while still achieving the theoretical guarantees for estimation. RSCC also adopts the idea of adaptive learning to allow for adaptive weights and adaptive graphs in its regularization terms and further improves the estimation performance. RSCC is applied to study the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines using county-level data in the United States and discover the determinants of vaccination acceptance with varying effects across counties, revealing important within-state and across-state spatially clustered patterns of covariates effects.
Carcinoembryonic antigen assessment during the perioperative period in patients with colorectal cancer in Poland

Introduction. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration is often elevated during the course of colorectal cancer. Assessment of the CEA level in this group of patients is recommended pre- and post-surgery, during systemic therapy, and further follow-up. A high preoperative level of CEA is a negative prognostic factor. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of CEA evaluation in the perioperative diagnostics in patients with colorectal cancer in Poland. Materials and methods. The analysis included 620 patients with stage III colorectal cancer, who underwent radical surgery in five Polish oncological centres during 2000–2014. The analysis of the clinical practice concerning the determination of CEA was based on the available medical records involving the pre- and post-operative period. Results. The determination of the CEA level before the surgery was performed in only 200 patients (32%), and in 528 patients (85%) following resection and before starting the adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. In 74% of patients the preoperative CEA level exceeded 5 ng/mL (median 10.5 ng/mL; standard deviation 4.4–22.5). After the surgical procedure in more than 85% of patients the CEA level was within to the recommended normal value of 5 mg/mL (median 1.9; standard deviation 1.1–3.4). Conclusions. Preoperative CEA level is scarcely determined in patients with colorectal cancer in Polish centres, which may impede further monitoring of the disease course. These results suggest the need for better adherence to the recommendations concerning the pre- and postoperative diagnostics in this group of patients.
How Does Federalism Condition the Employment-Welfare Relationship?: Integrating Social Welfare Policy and Active Labor Market Policy into Youth Employment Policy in Canada

To account for the formation of employment-welfare relationship, conventional studies often rely on the demand-side or the supply-side perspective. To explain the complete mechanism in the observed nexus, however, I argue that a political institution and its historical path need to be investigated. By examining youth employment policy in Canada, this paper explores how the strategy of integrating social welfare policy with active labor market policy targeting youth ended up with potentials for unilateral action, both at the federal and provincial levels, how the subsequent centralizing force undermined the devolution efforts and the ensuing reform in accordance with neo-liberal framework in labor market policy, how political institutions in a federal state came to affect the phase of employment-welfare relationship, and ultimately why such a center-governed active labor market policy often falls short of realizing its intended objective of transforming the existing nexus between welfare state and production regime.
Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Steroids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia Should Be Adjunctive Therapy for Hospitalized Patients

W discuss 10 practice-changing studies that were published in 2015. Two studies examined the effect of hospitalization on patient cognition and delirium. Two more studies should change the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia; one looked at the use of steroids, and another the choice of initial antibiotic. Two additional studies were about critical care: One examined the use of high-flow oxygen in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and the other examined the effectiveness of early goal-directed therapy in septic shock. Finally, we review one of several studies published in 2015 that examined the effectiveness of bridging therapy for patients receiving oral anticoagulation who are scheduled for procedures that could cause bleeding. We also review a study that improved the end of life for patients and their family members and friends, and a study that described the characteristics of patients readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge.
Diet-aware glasses ( Coarse-grained decision ) Smartphone ( Fine-grained detection ) Health Data Cloud

Dietary monitoring can provide valuable information for disease diagnosis, body weight control and dietary habit management, and thus it is welcomed by patients, dieters and nutritionists. While various techniques have been used for dietary monitoring in clinical trials and user studies, they are not ready for daily use. Existing solutions either require tedious manual recording or may impede normal daily activities. In this paper, a pair of diet-aware glasses is designed. The key idea here is that when people wear glasses, the temples of the glasses are in touch with the lower part of the temporalis muscle, one of the mastication muscles. By integrating an electromyography (EMG) sensor into glasses, the glasses can measure the muscle activity of the temporalis to detect intake-related events. This paper instantiates the idea by building a prototype equipped with an EMG sensor, a micro-controller, SD shield/card and a Bluetooth radio. When working together with a smartphone, the glasses can provide detailed information on intake schedule, the number of chewing cycles and broad food category. Extensive experiments are conducted on seven subjects and the results show appealing prospects for our diet-aware glasses. The prototype achieves 96% accuracy for counting the number of chewing cycles and up to 90.8% accuracy for classifying five types of food.
Prospect of Solid Waste Situation and An Approach of Environmental Management Measure (EMM) Model for Sustainable Solid Waste Management: Case Study of Dhaka City

Environmental Management Measure (EMM) model will be a well-designed approach for sustainable and effective solid waste management in Dhaka city. Environmental Management Measure (EMM) model has three instruments such as economic, regulatory and suasive which proposed in this paper. This paper discusses the situation of solid waste in Dhaka city as well as it offers environmental policy recommendations to concerned authorities including effective instruments to minimize the polluting behavior of individuals and industries and to recover the cost of pollution in the city. To improve solid waste management in Dhaka city, a combination of economic, regulatory and suasive instrument are recommended. The findings of the study will be helpful for policy maker, planner, implementer and other stakeholders towards adopting more effective strategy for management of solid waste in Dhaka city. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1. 11601 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 99 - 111, 2012
TREPAR 1581 No . of Pages 3 1 ? ? ? ? ? ?

Malaria: From Pathology to Cellto-Cell Communication Malaria remains one of the most devastating human diseases worldwide, accounting for approximately 438 000 deaths in 2015 alone [1]. It is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) considered one of its most virulent species. Upon their release from the liver into the blood stream, Pf invade mature red blood cells (RBCs), marking the start of the blood stage in the malaria infection cycle, the one responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. While developing inside the infected RBC (iRBC), the parasite displays on the host's cell surface its major virulence factor, PfEMP1, which binds several endothelial receptors. This allows the iRBC to cytoadhere to the microvasculature of vital organs and tissues [2], resulting in the parasite's avoidance of splenic clearance. In cerebral malaria (CM), the most severe malaria complication, cytoadherance and leakage of Pf toxins from infected cells promote microvessel inflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and endothelial cell apoptosis [3], leading to brain edema, coma, and death [4].
Light-induced activation and deactivation of bulk defects in boron-doped float-zone silicon

In this paper, we present new insight in the degradation and subsequent recovery of charge carrier lifetime upon light soaking at 75 °C observed in float-zone silicon wafers. Variations of doping type, dielectric passivation schemes and thermal treatments after layer deposition were performed. The degradation was only observed for p-type float-zone silicon wafers passivated with passivation schemes involving silicon nitride layers. An influence of thermal treatments after deposition was found. N-type wafers did not degrade independent of their passivation scheme. Room temperature re-passivation experiments showed the degradation to affect the wafer bulk, and photoluminescence studies demonstrated fine lateral striations of effective lifetime. We conclude that the degradation is caused by bulk defects that might be related to hydrogen complexes.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF OPEN APERTURE REFLECTION Z-SCAN ON MATERIALS WITH HIGH-ORDER OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES

We present a theoretical analysis of open aperture reflection Z-scan in nonlinear media with third-, fifth-, and higher-order nonlinearities. A general analytical expression for the normalized reflectance when third-, fifth- and higher-order optical nonlinearities are excited is derived and its consequences on RZ-scan in media with high-order nonlinearities are discussed. We show that by performing RZ-scan experiments at different incident intensities it is possible to put in evidence the excitation of different order nonlinearities in the medium. Their contributions to the overall nonlinear response can be discriminated by using formulas derived by us. A RZ-scan numerical simulation using these formulas and data taken from literature, measured by another method for the third-, fifth-, and seventh-order nonlinear refractive indices of As2S3 chalcogenide glass, is performed.
a-Tocopherol adipose tissue stores are depleted after burn injury in pediatric patients 1 – 3

Background: We previously showed that thermal injury depletes plasma vitamin E in pediatric burn patients; however, plasma changes may reflect immediate alterations in vitamin E nutriture. Adipose tissue a-tocopherol concentrations are generally accepted to reflect long-term vitamin E status. Objective: To test the hypothesis that thermal injury depletes body stores of vitamin E, a-tocopherol concentrations were measured in adipose tissue samples. Design: Pediatric patients (n = 8) were followed up to 1 y after burn injury. Surgically obtained samples were collected at various intervals and stored at 280 C in a biorepository. aand c-Tocopherols, cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in the same tissue aliquot. Results: During the first week after injury, adipose tissue a-tocopherol concentrations were within the expected normal range of 199 6 40 nmol/g adipose tissue but were substantially lower at weeks 2 and 3 (133 6 13 and 109 6 8 nmol/g adipose tissue, respectively). Individual rates of decrease, estimated by linear regression, showed that adipose tissue a-tocopherol decreased by an average of 6.16 0.6 nmol/g daily. During the first month after injury, adipose tissue triglyceride concentrations also decreased, whereas no changes in cholesterol concentrations occurred. Conclusions: These data emphasize that the burn injury experienced by these pediatric patients altered their metabolism such that vitamin E status diminished during the month after injury. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism and consequences of the observed vitamin E depletion. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00675714. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:1378– 84.
Fabrication and characterization of pentacene-based transistors with a room-temperature mobility of 1 . 25 cm 2 / Vs

Pentacene-based transistors produced by a novel neutral cluster beam deposition method were characterized, and the effects of the surface pretreatments were examined. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the cluster beams were quite efficient in growing high-quality, crystalline thin films on SiO2 substrates at room-temperature without any thermal post-treatment, and that an amphiphilic surfactant, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), enhances the packing density and crystallinity significantly. The observed field-effect mobilities (leff) were among the best reported thus far: 0.47 and 1.25 cm/Vs for the OTS-untreated and -pretreated devices, respectively. The device performance was found to be consistent with the estimated trap density and activation energy, which were derived from the transport characteristics for the temperature dependence of leff in the range of 10 300 K. 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. PACS: 73.40. c; 73.61. Ph
PKPD awareness is vital if we are to attempt to relate preclinical results to the acute and long term consequences in humans

Early integration of pharmacokinetic and dynamic reasoning is essential for optimal development of lead compounds: strategic considerations Johan Gabrielsson, Hugues Dolgos, Per-Göran Gillberg, Ulf Bredberg, Bert Benthem and Göran Duker Discovery DMPK & BAC CVGI, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden Bioscience CVGI, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden DR JOHAN GABRIELSSON Dr Johan Gabrielsson is a Senior Principal Scientist at AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal. He is author of the book ‘Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis: Concepts and Applications’ 4th ed. (2006). He is academically affiliated with the Department of Pharmacology, Gothenburg University, Sweden. His research focuses on modeling different aspects of endogenous turnover, such as functional tolerance and rebound phenomena by means of feedback, physiological limits and target-mediated drug disposition in collaboration with Professor Lambertus A. Peletier at Department of Mathematics at Leiden University, the Netherlands. He has conducted numerous workshops on biological (PK/PD) data analysis within and outside the pharmaceutical industry. The aims of this report are firstly to raise awareness among kineticists and pharmacologists as to why pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) integration is essential for target validation (TV), optimizing development of lead compounds (lead generation [LG] and lead optimization [LO]) and scaling these to human. A related aim is to demonstrate strategic examples of PKPD collaborations that have improved the planning, execution and evaluation of experiments in primary and safety pharmacology. Examples include design of TV studies, design and data ‘pruning’ of PKPD studies in LO, analysis of data with marginal and substantial temporal (time) differences between exposure and response, design of safety pharmacology studies, assessment of safety margin and assessment of uncertainties in predictions of first dose in human.
Effects on Willingness to Pay for Marine Conservation: Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China

The willingness to pay (WTP) for marine conservation is an important basis for the design of market-based marine protection strategies and sustainable marine environment development. Whether the individual was willing to pay and how much they would prefer to pay may be affected separately by different factors. Thus, we investigated the probability of paying for marine conservation and the payment amount to obtain evidence regarding the factors that influence the preferences of stakeholders. We considered two marine protected areas in Zhejiang Province, China, where we combined contingent valuation with logit and tobit models to measure the differences in the WTP for marine conservation between tourists and residents. The results showed that most respondents were willing to pay for marine conservation, but they were affected by different factors. The average amounts that the respondents were willing to pay were 216.20 CNY ($34.3) and 172.43 CNY ($27.4) in the Nanji Islands MPA and Putuo Islands MPA, respectively. The probability of respondents’ WTP was closely related to their individual environmental awareness, whereas the payment amount was influenced mainly by personal income. Thus, our results suggest that increasing human environmental cognition and developing differential payment schemes for the marine environment among stakeholders may promote sustainable marine protection development and management.
cells in the multiple myeloma microenvironment in humans Tumor-promoting immune-suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/content/121/15/2975.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: (182 articles) Multiple Myeloma  (1543 articles) Lymphoid Neoplasia  (5104 articles) Immunobiology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
Vitamin D status in medical students and risk factor analysis

Vitamin D is finding increasing health implications beyond calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent globally including India. Many asymptomatic individuals have hypovitaminosis implicating the need for intervention. The present study aimed at evaluating vitamin D levels among healthy medical students from southern India and its association with well-known risk factors. Hundred apparently healthy medical students between the age group of 18-25 years were recruited based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A questionnaire form with details of sun exposure, tanning, milk intake, general health and drug history were obtained. Vitamin D levels were assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). Vitamin D values were considered normal for 30-60 ng/ml, deficient for <20 ng/ml and insufficient for levels between 21-29 ng/ml. Majority of the students (89%) had deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels while 8% of the student had insufficient and 3% of the students had sufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 14.01±6.20 ng/ml, median level was 12.95 ng/ml and ranged between 5.15 to 43.01 ng/ml. No statistically significant association was noted with sex, BMI, sun exposure, dietary intake or serum calcium levels. To conclude, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in asymptomatic medical students and showed lack of relationship with the well-defined risk factors in literature prompting to look for newer risk factors in this country.
Syntactic characterizations of completeness 2 Preliminaries 2 . 1 Logics , finite models and decision problems

This article extends the work laid down by Medina and Immerman for the syntactic characterization of complete problems via first-order projections. Our first contribution is a general canonical form for the sentences that characterize complete problems. This canonical form works for a wide collection of complexity classes, including L, NL, P, NP and PSPACE, which can be given in terms of any complete problem in the class and generalizes the canonical form for NP given by Medina and Immerman. Our second contribution is the definition of a new class of syntactic operators that can be used to show the completeness of a problem by purely syntactic means. We prove basic properties of the operators including the fact that any complete problem can be shown to be complete using such operators. The practical relevance of the operators is illustrated in a number of applications which includes new completeness results, and also the application of operators at problems at the second level of the polynomialtime hierarchy. In both contributions, duals of first-order projections play a major role. Thus, our results show that such duals are in fact very powerful syntactic tools in the field.