Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mother‐to‐infant and father‐to‐infant initial emotional involvement

While infant attachment has been largely studied, parental attachment is still relatively unknown, especially when referred to fathers. However, it is mainly recognised that parents’ emotional involvement with the newborn contributes to the quality of the interaction and the care they provide. The aim of this study was to study mother‐to‐infant and father‐to‐infant initial emotional involvement; namely, differences between mothers and fathers and changes in mother’s emotions toward the neonate within the first days after delivery. The Bonding Scale, an extended Portuguese version of the ‘New Mother‐to‐Infant Bonding Scale’, was administered during the first two days after childbirth to a sample of 315 mothers and 141 fathers (n = 456), at the Júlio Dinis Maternity Hospital (Portugal). Most mothers and fathers show positive emotions and only a few of them showed negative emotions toward the infant. Maternal and paternal emotional involvement toward the newborn tend to be similar; nevertheless, fathers show less fear and better emotional involvement with the neonate, while mothers are sadder and show more emotions not related to bonding. During the first days following delivery, emotions not related to bonding, such as fear, seem to decrease in mothers.
Selected heavy metals in some vegetables produced through wastewater irrigation and their toxicological implications in eastern Ethiopia

Vegetables widely consumed in some areas of eastern Ethiopia such as cabbage ( Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L.), potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.), and khat ( Catha edulis Forsk.) are cultivated through irrigation with wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyse the contents of selected toxic heavy metal (Cr, Co, Cd and Pb) of the vegetables, the effluents used to irrigate the crops, and the soils on which the crops were grown, using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The optimized wet digestion procedure was employed to solubilise the metals from the samples. The validation was performed by spiking the samples with a standard solution of each metal having a known concentration and the percentage recovery values in the range of 91.0–98.3% for soil, 92.0–102% for effluent, and 89.0–101% for vegetable samples. The following concentrations (mg kg -1 ) of the metals were found in the edible parts of the cabbage, potato, and khat plants, respectively: Cr [less than method detection limit (<MDL)- 17.13], (11.96-14.21), and (9.04-15.54); Co (5.72-9.72), (5.15-8.72), and (<MDL-8.87); Cd (1.15-2.46), (1.22-1.46), and (0.38-3.22); Pb (5.48-11.95), (5.43-7.78), and (4.49-11). The concentrations in the effluent samples (mg kg -1 ) ranged from 0.17-0.26, 0.57-1.02, 0.04-0.08, and 0.82-2.52 for Cr, Co, Cd, and Pb, respectively. Similarly, concentrations (mg kg -1 ) of the metals in the soil samples were in the ranges of 25.71-41.45, 17.69-23.59, 0.79-2.56, and 26.04-47.29 for Cr, Co, and Cd, and Pb, respectively. The study revealed that the concentrations of all metals in the vegetables, except Co, were found to be above the safe limits set by different international organizations for consumption, posing a serious health hazard to humans. Therefore, regular monitoring of effluents, soils, and vegetables are essential to prevent excessive build-up of the toxic heavy metals in food. Thus, the health risk and the extent of heavy metal contamination can be reduced. Keywords : Vegetables, wastewater, safe limits, irrigation
POWER OPTIMIZATION IN BIST USING MODIFIED TPG STRUCTURE

Low power consumption in the modern VLSI circuits during testing is the main problem to be analyzed. This paper presents a test pattern generator (TPG) which is a modified form of the conventional MAC (multiplier accumulator) structure. Built-In Self Test (BIST) is used to reduce the power consumed during testing, which uses the TPG to generate the test patterns to test the Circuit under Test (CUT). LFSR is the most commonly used TPG. The main objective of the proposed polynomial-based MAC is to reduce the power consumed during the generation of test patterns. Thus the proposed TPG structure uses the Galois’ theorem that is the simple bit-shift and XOR operations instead of multiplication operation in the conventional MAC and again the Galois’ theorem on the existence of finite field is used to reduce the size of these test patterns produced by the TPG, which consumes minimum power and area over the conventional MAC. This reduces the size of the register to store the test patterns and the switching activity. The new TPG is designed and the test patterns are generated and implemented using the ISCAS-89 Benchmark s27. Results shows that there is considerable reduction in the power consumed over the other TPGs. Keywords— TPG, MAC, CUT, Test patterns, Size of the register, switching activity, BIST.
A Multiscale Numerical Study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part V: Inner-Core Thermodynamics

Abstract Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the development of hurricanes, our knowledge of their three-dimensional structures of latent heat release and inner-core thermodynamics remains limited. In this study, the inner-core budgets of potential temperature (θ), moisture (q), and equivalent potential temperature (θe) are examined using a high-resolution (Δx = 6 km), nonhydrostatic, fully explicit simulation of Hurricane Andrew (1992) during its mature or intensifying stage. It is found that the heat energy is dominated by latent heat release in the eyewall, sublimative–evaporative cooling near the eye–eyewall interface, and the upward surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat from the underlying warm ocean. The latent heating (θ) rates in the eyewall range from less than 10°C h–1 to greater than 100°C h–1, depending upon whether latent heat is released in radial inflow or outflow regions. The latent heating rates decrease inward in the inflow regions and become negative near .
Characterization of the Role of Breast Tumor Kinase (BRK) in Breast Cancer Cells Non-responsive to EGFR-targeted Agents

Abstract : Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinases (erbB family), EGFR (erbB1) and HER2, are highly expressed in breast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. A number of EGFR and/or HER2-targeted agents are being investigated for breast cancer treatment. Brk (Breast Tumor Kinase) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that has been shown to enhance the mitogenic signaling of EGF, induce phosphorylation of erbB 3 and interact with AKT. In this study, we aim to investigate whether Brk can promote cells to become refractory to EGFR-targeted drugs. PI-3 kinase/AKT pathway mediates EGF-induced cell growth and survival and is involved in cellular resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Because the PI3K/AKT pathway is regulated by multiple activators, downregulation of the EGFR alone may not lead to its inhibition. We will investigate whether Brk promotes growth and survival as well as PI3K/AKT activity in cells treated with EGFR-targeted agents.
Promoting Students’ Achievement and Mathematical Flexibility Through Pre-Within-Post Problem Posing Tasks

This study investigated the effect of utilizing pre-within-post problem posing activities in enhancing students’ achievement and mathematical flexibility in Differential Calculus. This study was conducted in two semesters composed of 75 regular third year BSEd Mathematics students during the first semester of school year 2017-2018 and 57 irregular engineering students enrolled in special class in Differential Calculus during the second semester of school year 2016-2017 at the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines-CDO campus. Using quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design in gathering quantitative data, a 16-item achievement test and a 4-item Multiple Solutions Tasks (MST) test intended to measure students’ level of mathematical flexibility were given to the participants before and after the experiment. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results of the analysis revealed that the use of pre-within-post problem posing activities helped students’ improve their achievement and flexibility scores in Differential Calculus. The students’ level of achievement and mathematical flexibility increased as influenced by their exposure to activities using problem posing activities. Hence, the researcher recommended that mathematics teachers may use pre-within-post problem posing activities in teaching mathematics to help improve students’ mathematical flexibility. Furthermore, similar studies may be conducted to show associations between students’ mental ability and levels of mathematical flexibility and study how technology rich classroom environment can effectively foster mathematical flexibility.
Isolation and Characterization of N2 Fixing Anaerobic Bacteria from Paddy Ecosystem

Rice is one of the most important food crops, as more than a billion people depend on its cultivation for their livelihoods and more than 3.5 billion people depend on rice for more than20% of their daily calories (Ahn et al., 2012). The most characteristic condition in paddy field is water logging or submergence of the land surface. This brings about anaerobic conditions in the soil due to the very slow diffusion of oxygen through water. After the oxygen reserve in the soil is exhausted and aerobic microorganisms have all died, facultative anaerobes dominate for some times. As anaerobic conditions continue, these microorganisms are gradually replaced by obligate or strict anaerobes (Kazutake, 2007). The major activities of microorganisms in paddy fields include methanogenesis, methane oxidation and biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur (Reddy et al., 2001; Dubey, 2005).
A Contrast of the East Asian Summer Monsoon–ENSO Relationship between 1962–77 and 1978–93*

Abstract Using station rainfall data and the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, the authors investigate changes in the interannual relationship between the east Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the late 1970s, concurrent with the Pacific climate shift. The present study focuses on decaying phases of ENSO because changes in developing phases of ENSO are less significant. Remarkable changes are found in the summer rainfall anomaly in northern China and Japan. From pre- to postshift period, the summer rainfall anomaly in eastern north China during decaying phases of El Nino changed from above to below normal, whereas that in central Japan changed from negative to normal. Consistent with this, the barotropic anticyclonic anomaly over the Japan Sea changed to cyclonic; the associated anomalous winds changed from southerly to northerly over the Yellow Sea–northeastern China and from northeasterly to northwesterly over central Japan. The change in the ENSO–related east Asian summer circu.
The expression and significance of tumor associated macrophages and CXCR 4 in non-small cell lung cancer

Correspondence to: Zhang Hongzhen, MD. Fifth Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China. Tel: + 86 0311 85998576, E-mail: 1256596529@qq.com Received: 06/10/2017; Accepted: 28/10/2017 The expression and significance of tumor associated macrophages and CXCR4 in non-small cell lung cancer Wei Yusen1,2, Wang Xia2, Yang Shengjun3, Zhou Shaohui4, Zhang Hongzhen1,2
Optical frequency/wavelength references

For more than 100 years, optical atomic/molecular frequency references have played important roles in science and technology, and provide standards enabling precision measurements. Frequency-stable optical sources have been central to experimental tests of Einstein's relativity, and also serve to realize our base unit of length. The technology has evolved from atomic discharge lamps and interferometry, to narrow atomic resonances in laser-cooled atoms that are probed by frequency-stabilized cw lasers that in turn control optical frequency synthesizers (combs) based on ultra-fast mode-locked lasers. Recent technological advances have improved the performance of optical frequency references by almost four orders of magnitude in the last eight years. This has stimulated new enthusiasm for the development of optical atomic clocks, and allows new probes into nature, such as searches for time variation of fundamental constants and precision spectroscopy.
A New Scale Free Evolving Network Model with Community Structure

Understanding and modeling the structure of a complex network can lead to a better knowledge of its evolutionary mechanisms, and to a better cottoning on its dynamic and functional behavior. The nodes within a network not only tend to connect the nodes with high degree (scale-free property), and tend to connect with their relatively close distance nodes (community structure property), and the high-degree nodes are easier to connect with their relatively far nodes comparing with the low-degree nodes in the process of network evolution. This phenomenon has been commonly observed from many real-world networks, ranging from social to biological even to technical networks. To model this kind of networks, the present letter proposes a scale free network model with community structure (SFC) to capture and describe their essential topological properties. Numerical simulations indicate that the generated network based on SFC model has scale-free and community structure property. Under the control of the parameters of the model, the community structure of network can be adjustable.
New Aspects of Virtual Sound Source Localization Research–Impact of Visual Angle and 3-D Video Content on Sound Perception

The influence of image on virtual sound source localization, called the “image proximity effect” or the “ventriloquism effect,” is a well-known phenomenon. This paper focuses on other aspects related to this effect, namely the impact of the visual angle of the presented object and 3-D video content on sound perception. The research conducted confirmed that the visual angle of the presented object determines the image proximity effect regardless of the screen size. An interesting observation was made when studying the impact of 3-D video on virtual sound source localization. When two objects are displayed in a 3-D scene, the viewer’s attention is more attracted by the object that is closer to the viewer (negative parallax). Two eyegaze tracking systems were exploited in the presented experiments to objectivize the obtained results.
Metodologia para contagem e avaliação de ninhos de jacaré-do-Pantanal usando o ultraleve.

Estudos de estimativas populacionais sao fundamentais para identificacao do estado de conservacao das especies selvagens e para avaliacao dos estoques sujeitos ao manejo (Bayliss, 1987). Normalmente, os metodos tradicionais usados para o monitoramento das densidades das populacoes naturais sao dificeis de execucao no campo e onerosos em longo prazo (Campos et al., 1995), o que determina a busca por metodologias mais economicas. Varias especies de vertebrados podem ser estudadas com o auxilio do ultraleve (Fig. 1), tanto nas contagens de suas densidades como de seus ninhos. como exemplo de contagens e animais, pode-se citar: capivaras, veados-campeiros, cervos, quatis, caititus, queixadas e porco-monteiro. Do jacare-do-Pantanal e das aves, emas e tuiuius, podem ser contados, os individuos e os seus ninhos (Campos e Coutinho, 2004a).
Effects of temperature , light , desiccation and cold storage on germination of Sophora tonkinensis ( Leguminosae ) seeds

Identification of the seed storage behaviour of a target species is essential prior to seed storage so that suitable storage strategies are taken. In the present experiments, germination characteristics, desiccation, and low temperature tolerance of seeds of Sophora tonkinensis was studied; a traditional Chinese medicine on the edge of extinction, were investigated for the first time in attempt to interpret their storage behaviour. The results indicate that the temperature optimum for seed germination ranged from 25 to 30°C, the seed germination was non-photoblastic, the seed viability declined with the decrease of moisture content by a silica gel desiccation, and a low temperature storage at -20°C for 3 months had no significant effects on the seeds desiccated to 5.4 ± 0.1% moisture content. These results suggest an intermediate seed storage behaviour. For germplasm long-term conservation purpose, a cryopreservation investigation was proposed.
Steps to a design-based understanding of depression

Guinea Pig pups cry when separated from their mothers [4]. The biological basis of this response is linked to central serotonin receptors [4]. The hypothesised evolutionary explanation for separation distress in Guinea Pig pups (and human infants) is that it is an evolutionary adaptation with the function of providing security because the cries bring about caregiver proximity [2, 8, 10]. Human antidepressant medications interfere with this stress response in Guinea Pigs, stopping attachment separation related crying before proximity has been gained. Moreover, testing whether novel compounds can terminate Guinea Pig pup separation distress is part of screening for new anti-depressants [4, 5]. Could anti-depression medications and talking therapies interfere with adaptive stress responses to depression in humans? A number of researchers have suggested that depression is an evolutionary adaptation, selected for fitness in the human environment of evolutionary adaptation (EEA) [1, 6, 3, 4]. Some researchers take the view that whilst sadness and low mood and subclinical depression have clear adaptive benefits, major depressive disorders are dysfunctional. Others suggest the boundary between subclinical and clinical depression provided by current diagnostic criteria does not constitute the correct dividing line between functional and dysfunctional symptoms, and that even in some major depressive disorders depressive symptoms can have significant adaptive benefits for the depressed person because of the impact on their social relations and thinking style [4]. This view resolves the ‘high rate problem’ in depression research by suggesting that only the most extreme cases of major depressive disorder constitute a dysfunctional response to stress and adversity [4]. Specific theories for the adaptive function of depression include:
Role of Specific Humidity Anomalies in Caribbean SST Response to ENSO

Remote influences of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) are examined using reanalysis and in-situ observational datasets. During both the warm and cold events of ENSO, latent heat flux anomalies are the major mechanism for SST anomalies over the Caribbean Sea. Results from a linear decomposition of the latent heat flux anomalies indicate that the anomalous air-sea difference in specific humidity ðDq 0 Þ is the dominant term in January, one month after the ENSO’s mature phase. Since anomalies of SST and saturation specific humidity at the sea surface are still small in January, Dq 0 is due mostly to changes in specific humidity in the lower atmosphere. Changes in surface air humidity and temperature, and their relationship to temperature variability in the upper troposphere during ENSO warm events are discussed.
The Market for NPD Services: the Emerging Business Models in Italy

Over the last few years, the increasing market turbulence and competition, the time reduction of products life cycle and the increased variety of products and services have required companies to be more flexible in order to respond effectively to market requirements. In today global competitive environment, one of most important decision that managers deal with is the innovation and developing of the technology: inside o trough external organisations? In this perspective, nowadays companies aim at developing only their own core competences and to outsource no-core activities, even commonly considered strategic, like RD Kelley, 2001; Chiesa et al., 2004). What it is still not studied, in depth and in a wider sample, it is the way these firms are managed (in terms of structure, organisation, services provided, and network of collaborations, etc.).
Effect of an adhesive interlayer on the fracture of a brittle coating on a supporting substrate

The role of a compliant adhesive interlayer in determining critical conditions for radial fracture at the undersurfaces of brittle coatings bonded to substrates of dissimilar materials is investigated. Semi-empirical relations for the critical loads are derived by treating the adhesive as part of an effective substrate, thereby reducing the problem to that of a bilayer. A finite-element analysis of a model silicon/epoxy/glass system is used to evaluate adjustable parameters in the analytical relations. In situ experimental observations of crack initiation on the same material system are used to verify these relations. The critical loads depend sensitively on the adhesive thickness and modulus. Delamination at the interface in poorly bonded specimens greatly reduces the critical loads. This analysis affords a basis for predicting the prospective fracture resistance of brittle coatings joined by adhesives.
Evaluation of the in vitro cholesterol‐lowering activity of the probiotic strain Bacillus coagulansMTCC 5856

Emerging scientific evidence suggests that the supplementation of probiotics may help to reduce/manage blood cholesterol levels in humans. We evaluated the in vitro cholesterol-lowering activity of the probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856. This probiotic de-conjugated bile salts and liberated deoxycholic acid, confirming its bile salt hydrolase activity. Furthermore, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced cholesterol levels in culture media under growing (48.42%), resting (live but suspended in buffer, 36.47%) and even heat-killed (dead, 8.5%) conditions. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 significantly reduced the cholesterol levels in cholesterol-rich foods, such as egg yolk (39.79%), chicken liver (45.44%) and butter (49.51%), when incubated for 24 h in conditions mimicking the in vivo environment. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 also produced significant (P < 0.05) amounts of propionic acid and butyric acid while fermenting cholesterol-rich foods. The multitudinous ways by which B. coagulans MTCC 5856 reduces cholesterol levels endorses its application in functional food formulations and as a dietary ingredient for the management of hypercholesterolemia, potentially reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease and other related disabilities.
Phylogeny and evolution of structure

Darwin’s conviction that all living beings on Earth are rela t d and the graph of relatedness is tree-shaped has been essentially confirmed by phyl ogenetic reconstruction first from morphology and later from data obtained by molecul ar sequencing. Limitations of the phylogenetic tree concept were recognized as more and more sequence information became available. The other path-breaking ide a of Darwin, natural selection of fitter variants in populations, is cast into simpl e mathematical form and extended to mutation-selection dynamics. In this form the t heory is directly applicable to RNA evolutionin vitro and to virus evolution. Phylogeny and population dynamics of RNA provide complementary insights into evolut i n and the interplay between the two concepts will be pursued throughout this cha pter. The two strategies for understanding evolution are ultimately related th rough the central paradigm of structural biology: sequence ⇒structure⇒ function. We elaborate on the state of the art in modeling both phylogeny and evolution of RNA drive n by reproduction and mutation. Thereby the focus will be laid on models for phy logenetic sequence evolution as well as evolution and design of RNA structures w ith selected examples and notes on simulation methods. In the perspectives an atte mpt is made to combine molecular structure, population dynamics and phylogeny in modeling evolution.