Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highlights on corticospinal damage and movement control from the commemorative symposium honoring the retirement of Professor Roger Lemon

A symposium entitled "Motor control: from the periphery to the cortex and back' was held at the University College London Institute of Neurology to commemorate the retirement of Professor Roger Lemon, whose research has significantly advanced the field of fine motor cortical control. This report focuses on discussions at the symposium regarding the descending tracts associated with motor control, highlighting the neurological response and subsequent rehabilitation of motor pathway damage resulting from cerebrovascular insults.
Compact Microstrip-Fed Square Loop Antenna for DTV Applications

A design method for a compact square loop antenna fed by a microstrip (MS) line for indoor digital television (DTV) applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a square loop, circular sectors, and an MS line. The square loop combined with circular sectors is printed on one side of a substrate, and a 75-Ω MS line is printed on the other side. The circular sectors are used as a wideband balun or transition to connect the MS line and the square loop. A prototype of the proposed square loop antenna operating in the DTV band (470–806 MHz) is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna has the desired impedance characteristics in the frequency band of 464–1,220 MHz (89.8%) for a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of <2 covering the DTV band, and a broadside gain of 0.8–3.3 dBi in the DTV band.
Natural Triploidy in Salamanders Related to Ambystoma jeffersonianum

Female salamanders with large erythrocytes and erythrocyte nuclei produced triploid larvae; females with small erythrocytes and erythrocyte nuclei produced diploid larvae. Larval chromosome counts, dimorphism in cell size, and sex inheritance indicate distinct, persisting populations of triploid females in parts of the range of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex.
Innervation of the bull testis.

補乳類精巣内の神経分布,特にその終末については,人において,いくつかのやや詳細な研究があるほか,その記載ははなはだ少ない. とくに反趨動物においては,その研究は全く見られない. 本研究では,精巣縦隔の形態,血管膜に特色のある牛の精巣内での神経分布,およびその終末をBicIschowsky鍍銀法の変法を用いて検索し,次の結果を得た. 1)白膜には,精巣動脈神経叢に由来する有髄および無髄線維からなる神経束が走る. これから有髄線維の小神経束が分岐し,白膜表層において知覚神経終末を形成する. 一方,血管膜へは,上記の神経束から,有髄および無髄線維を含む枝が分かれて,主として血管にともなう神経束となり,一部は,さらに結合組織中に分布する. 血管膜結合組織中には,知覚神経線維および知覚神経終末小体が見られた2)精巣縦隔には,白膜と同様,精巣動脈神経叢-由来の神経束が,動脈周辺の結合組織中に見られた. その分枝は,血管の周囲で神経叢を作る. この神経線維が血管に分布する. またこの神経叢からは,有髄および無髄線維からなる小神経束が分かれて,知覚神経終末,および自律神経終末となって結合組織? 中におわる. 精巣縦隔中を走る神経束のなかに,微. 細な神経線維にかこまれた間細胞群が見られた. 3)精巣中隔の結合組織中に,知覚神経終末が見られた. 4)神経線維は,血管にともなって,血管膜,あ. るいは精巣縦隔,次いで精巣中隔をへて,精巣実質に分布丁る. 微細な自律神経終末線維が,精細管基底膜にそって走るのが見られたが,精細管中にはいらないように思われた. また,間細胞群に対する自律神経終末線維の分布も確認された.
A human chromosome 8 region with abnormalities in B cell, HTLV‐I+ T cell and c‐myc amplified tumours.

We describe a region of human chromosome 8q24 involved in variant Burkitt's lymphoma translocations, and where an interstitial deletion occurs in an HTLV‐I+ ATL and three c‐myc amplicons terminate. The deletion in the ATL DNA begins within 1.3 kb of the cloned Burkitt's lymphoma translocation breakpoint and ends within 700 bases of the cloned human equivalent of the rat retroviral insertion site, mis‐1. In addition, three c‐myc amplicons terminate in this region and the end of one of these (the colon carcinoma COL0320) maps within 12 kb of the distal end of the ATL deletion. This region is probably approximately 300 kb downstream of c‐myc and the consistent occurrence of abnormalities in this region implies involvement in tumour aetiology in several different cell types.
Analysis of Survivorship After Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Ceramic Head

To determine the clinical efficacy of an alumina ceramic head, 119 cemented total hip arthroplasties in 97 patients using an alumina head coupled with ethylene oxide gas sterilized polyethylene were reviewed. Eighty-two patients (101 hips) with greater than 10 years followup were evaluated clinically and radiographically (range, 10–17.6 years), and 97 patients (119 hips) were evaluated for survivorship analysis (range, 0.6–17.6 years). The average functional hip scores according to Merle d’Aubigné and Postel improved from 8.6 preoperatively to 15.0 at the final followup, and 57 patients (64 hips) had no pain. The average polyethylene wear rate was 0.15 mm/year (range, 0.04–0.34 mm/year). Patients with polyethylene wear greater than 3 mm showed significantly higher rates of acetabular loosening. Fifteen-year survival rates (with 95% confidence intervals) with radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening as the end point were 46.8% ± 13.4% in acetabular components and 91.9% ± 6.6% in femoral components. Fifteen-year survival rates of hip arthroplasties with revision because of aseptic loosening as the end point were 75.3% ± 10.2% and 97.9% ± 3.0%, respectively. Results of the current study suggest that using an alumina head instead of a metal head may not be beneficial when coupled with ethylene oxide gas sterilized polyethylene.
Structures of Cytochrome P450 2B6 Bound to 4-Benzylpyridine and 4-(4-Nitrobenzyl)pyridine: Insight into Inhibitor Binding and Rearrangement of Active Site Side Chains

The biochemical, biophysical, and structural analysis of the cytochrome P450 2B subfamily of enzymes has provided a wealth of information regarding conformational plasticity and substrate recognition. The recent X-ray crystal structure of the drug-metabolizing P450 2B6 in complex with 4-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazole (4-CPI) yielded the first atomic view of this human enzyme. However, knowledge of the structural basis of P450 2B6 specificity and inhibition has remained limited. In this study, structures of P450 2B6 were determined in complex with the potent inhibitors 4-benzylpyridine (4-BP) and 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (4-NBP). Comparison of the present structures with the previous P450 2B6-4-CPI complex showed that reorientation of side chains of the active site residue Phe206 on the F-helix and Phe297 on the I-helix was necessary to accommodate the inhibitors. However, P450 2B6 does not require any major side chain rearrangement to bind 4-NBP compared with 4-BP, and the enzyme provides no hydrogen-bonding partners for the polar nitro group of 4-NBP within the hydrophobic active site. In addition, on the basis of these new structures, substitution of residue 172 with histidine as observed in the single nucleotide polymorphism Q172H and in P450 2B4 may contribute to a hydrogen bonding network connecting the E- and I-helices, thereby stabilizing active site residues on the I-helix. These results provide insight into the role of active site side chains upon inhibitor binding and indicate that the recognition of the benzylpyridines in the closed conformation structure of P450 2B6 is based solely on hydrophobicity, size, and shape.
Electrogenic Sodium Pump and High Specific Resistance in Nerve Cell Bodies of the Squid

An electrogenic sodium pump contributes to the membrane potential in squid nerve cell bodies, imparting a temperature dependence to the resting potential that is abolished by strophanthidin. The existence of a potential produced by the pump in the soma but not the axon is correlated with a higher membrane resistance in the soma. Thus, membranes from different parts of a neuron may have functionally significant differences in resistance.
Autologous fibrin-cultured limbal stem cells permanently restore the corneal surface of patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency.

BACKGROUND Ocular burns cause depletion of limbal stem cells, which leads to corneal opacification and visual loss. Autologous cultured epithelial cells can restore damaged corneas, but this technology is still developing. We sought to establish a culture system that allows preservation of limbal stem cells and preparation of manageable epithelial sheets and to investigate whether such cultures can permanently restore total limbal stem cell deficiency. METHODS We selected a homogeneous group of patients whose limbal cell deficiency was evaluated by scoring the gravity of the clinical picture and the keratin expression pattern. Stem cells, obtained from the limbus of the contralateral eye, were cultivated onto a fibrin substrate and their preservation was evaluated by clonal analysis. Fibrin cultures were grafted onto damaged corneas. RESULTS Fibrin-cultured limbal stem cells were successful in 14 of 18 patients. Re-epithelialization occurred within the first week. Inflammation and vascularization regressed within the first 3-4 weeks. By the first month, the corneal surface was covered by a transparent, normal-looking epithelium. At 12-27 months follow-up, corneal surfaces were clinically and cytologically stable. Three patients had a penetrating keratoplasty approximately 1 year after restoration of their corneal surface. Their visual acuity improved from light perception or counting fingers to 0.8-1.0. CONCLUSIONS Preservation of limbal stem cells in culture gives new perspectives on the treatment of ocular disorders characterized by complete limbal stem cell deficiency. The multicenter nature of this study and the handiness and ease of long-distance transportation of the fibrin-cultured epithelial sheets suggest that this technology can now be widely applied.
PREDICTING HOME SERVICE DEMANDS FROM APPLIANCE USAGE DATA

Power management in homes and offices requires appliance usage prediction when the future user requests are not available. The randomness and uncertainties associated with an appliance usage make the prediction of appliance usage from energy consumption data a non-trivial task. A general model for prediction at the appliance level is still lacking. In this work, we propose to enrich learning algorithms with expert knowledge and propose a general model using a knowledge driven approach to forecast if a particular appliance will start at a given hour or not. The approach is both a knowledge driven and data driven one. The overall energy management for a house requires that the prediction is done for the next 24 hours in the future. The proposed model is tested over the Irise data and the results are compared with some trivial knowledge driven predictors. Keywords-Appliance Usage Prediction, Enriched Learning Algorithm, Energy Management in Homes, Data Mining.
A game of substrates: replication fork remodeling and its roles in genome stability and chemo-resistance

During the hours that human cells spend in the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, they may encounter adversities such as DNA damage or shortage of nucleotides. Under these stresses, replication forks in DNA may experience slowing, stalling, and breakage. Fork remodeling mechanisms, which stabilize slow or stalled replication forks and ensure their ability to continue or resume replication, protect cells from genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Fork remodeling includes DNA strand exchanges that result in annealing of newly synthesized strands (fork reversal), controlled DNA resection, and cleavage of DNA strands. Defects in major tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, and a subset of the Fanconi Anemia genes have been shown to result in deregulation in fork remodeling, and most prominently, loss of kilobases of nascent DNA from stalled replication forks. This phenomenon has recently gained spotlight as a potential marker and mediator of chemo-sensitivity in cancer cells and, conversely, its suppression - as a hallmark of acquired chemo-resistance. Moreover, nascent strand degradation at forks is now known to also trigger innate immune response to self-DNA. An increasingly sophisticated molecular description of these events now points at a combination of unbalanced fork reversal and end-resection as a root cause, yet also reveals the multi-layered complexity and heterogeneity of the underlying processes in normal and cancer cells.
An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Housing Price in Shanghai

Being one of the most booming and prosperous cities of China, Shanghai is attracting more and more talents from all over the world. Although the development of real estate market contributes a lot to the economic take-off, the excessively high the housing price may cause big troubles. In order to find the main factors affecting the housing price in Shanghai, an econometric model is established and seven explanatory variables, per capita disposable income in Shanghai, land transaction price index, construction cost, urbanization rate, interest rate, CPI of residence and investment in real estate in Shanghai are taken into consideration based on the supply and demand theory. With the help of regression analysis, only interest rate is kicked out and the other six can all be a good explanatory variable for the housing price.
Mobility using first and second derivatives for kernel-based regression in wireless sensor networks

This paper deals with the problem of tracking and monitoring physical phenomena using wireless sensor networks. It proposes an original mobility scheme that aims at improving the tracking process. To this end, a model is defined using kernel-based methods and a learning process. The sensors are given the ability to move in a manner that minimizes the approximation error, and thus improves the efficiency of the model. First and second derivatives of the approximation error are used to define the new positions of the nodes. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated in the context of monitoring gas diffusion with wireless sensor networks.
Impaired endothelial regulation of vascular tone in patients with systemic arterial hypertension

The discovery of the endothelium as a major regulator of vascular tone triggered intense research among basic and clinical investigators to unravel the physiologic and pathophysiologic significance of this phenomenon. Importantly, endothelial modulation of the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle has been shown to be impaired in atherosclerosis and in several conditions known to be associated with the premature development of atherosclerosis. Studies in several different animal models of arterial hypertension, and in patients with both essential and secondary hypertension, have demonstrated an association between elevated systemic blood pressure and impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. More recently, a diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a mechanism responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Different processes may, in turn, explain this decreased vascular activity of NO. The present review focuses on those clinical studies that are aimed at identifying the precise abnormality responsible for reduced NO-depen-dent vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension. Understanding of the basic mechanisms of this process may prove to be beneficial for the development of more specific therapies and ultimately for the outcome of hypertensive patients.
Gaussian process based subsumption of a parasitic control component

Many existing control architectures assume that the main control system being designed is the only controller that governs a system's actuators. However, with the increasing availability of off-the shelf controls packages, the number of internal unadjustable control systems is increasing. Some of these control systems may behave in parasitic way by enforcing a rigid set of behaviors that could disrupt a desired system behavior. We present a control architecture that can subsume parasitic control behavior through iteratively shaping the main control command with an intelligent feed-forward term. Our architecture requires very little prior knowledge about the subsystem whose behavior is to be subsumed, rather it relies on online learned sparsified predictive Gaussian Process (GP) models. We provide rigorous quantifiable bounds relating the sparsification of the GP to the accuracy in estimating and subsuming the parasitic subsystem. The presented subsumption architecture is realized using a variant of D-Type iterative learning control (ILC) and is validated through a series of flight tests on a Parrot AR Drone 2.0 quadrotor where the quadrotor's sonar based altitude control loop's behavior of maintaining a fixed altitude over ground surfaces is subsumed through a main controller via a feed-forward term.
Temperature as an external field for colloid–polymer mixtures: ‘quenching’ by heating and ‘melting’ by cooling

We investigate the response to temperature of a well-known colloid–polymer mixture. At room temperature the gas–liquid critical value of the second virial coefficient of the effective pairwise colloid–colloid interaction for the Asakura–Oosawa model predicts the onset of gelation observed experimentally with remarkable accuracy. Upon cooling the system the effective attraction between colloids induced by polymer depletion is reduced, because the polymer radius of gyration decreases as the θ-temperature is approached. Paradoxically this raises the effective temperature, leading to ‘melting’ of colloidal gels. We find that the Asakura–Oosawa model of effective colloid interactions, together with a simple description of the polymer temperature response, provides a quantitative description of the observed location of the fluid–gel transition in the colloid volume fraction polymer reservoir number density plane. Further, we present evidence for enhancement of crystallization rates in the vicinity of the metastable critical point.
Erythropoietin: Multiple Physiological Functions and Regulation of Biosynthesis

Erythropoietin (Epo), which is produced by the kidney in the adult and by the liver in the fetus, increases red blood cells by supporting the survival of erythroid progenitor cells and stimulating their differentiation and proliferation via binding to Epo receptor (EpoR). The main signal in the control of Epo production is oxygen; hypoxia stimulates Epo production through activation of Epo gene transcription. Tremendous progress in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of Epo action on erythroid cells and regulation of the Epo production has been made by manipulation of cDNAs and genes of Epo and EpoR. Studies on hypoxic induction of Epo gene transcription led to the identification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), a transcriptional factor, that functions as a global regulator of hypoxic gene expression. Paracrine Epo/EpoR systems that are independent of the endocrine erythropoietic system (kidney/bone marrow) have been found in the central nervous system and uterus. Novel functions of Epo at these local sites and tissue-specific regulation of Epo production including a newly found potent regulator (estrogen) have been proposed. The tissue-specific regulation rationalizes the specific functions of Epo produced by individual tissues.
Modal Interferometer Using Three-Core Fiber for Simultaneous Measurement Strain and Temperature

A structure made of tapered three-core fiber and CO<sub>2</sub> laser notch long-period fiber grating is proposed in this paper. By adjusting the taper waist diameter of a three-core fiber, this structure is made suitable for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. The effectiveness of the proposed structure in realizing simultaneous measurement sensitivity is verified by measuring the sensitivities of the two peaks at the variation of the wavelength and the depth difference. Experimental results indicate that the wavelength sensitivities of the two peaks are -2.96 nm mε<sup>-1</sup>, 42.9 pm °C<sup>-1</sup> and -1.52 nm mε<sup>-1</sup>, 47.4 pm °C<sup>-1</sup> for strain and temperature, respectively, and the depth sensitivities of two peaks can reach 2.5 dB mε<sup>-1</sup>, 0.007 dB °C<sup>-1</sup> and -2.8 dB mε<sup>-1</sup>, -0.013 dB°C<sup>-1</sup>. It can therefore be concluded that the proposed structure can be realized by adjusting the taper waist diameter of a three-core fiber for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements.
Efficacy of Intravenous Disopyramide in the Termination of Supraventricular Arrhythmias

C ARDIAC arrhythmias often constitute a very important therapeutic problem that must be treated effectively. This is particularly so in patients with coronary heart disease where arrhyth.mias have been implicated as the major cause of death.1’2 During the last years very few antiarrhythmic drugs have been introduced, and many common antiarrhythmic agents may have unfavorable side effects. Therefore, it is of prime importance to develop effective and safe drugs for the treatment of disturbances in cardiac rhythm. Disopyramide [4 diisopropylamino -2phenyl 2 (2 pyridyl)butyramide phosphate] is an antiarrhythmic agent which is structurally unrelated to any of the conventional antiarrhythmic compounds.
Consequences of Combining Cystic Fibrosis— and Non-Cystic Fibrosis-Derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiotic Susceptibility Results in Hospital Antibiograms

Background: In preparing hospital antibiograms for individual organisms and antibiotics, laboratories often combine susceptibility data for isolates from a variety of sources and patient types. If results from patients with known resistance patterns that vary from normal are included, the overall susceptibility value for the institution could be misleadingly skewed. Objective: To assess the degree of bias introduced into a hospital antibiogram by combining cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to produce one hospital-wide percent susceptible figure for each tested antibiotic. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of an academic, tertiary care medical center's microbiology database. We examined quarterly and annual susceptibility data from 2004, comparing non-CF data with combined susceptibility data for 10 antibiotics within each quarter, as well as those reported in the annual antibiogram. Differences were assessed for statistical significance using x2 testing with Bonferroni correction. Results: Large differences were observed between non-CF and combined percent susceptible data in the 4 quarters (aminoglycosides 3% vs 20%, fluoroquinolones 2% vs 18%, respectively) and when comparing annual non-CF (n = 191) with annual combined (n = 266) data. With the annual figures, these differences were frequently statistically significant (70% vs 58%, 91% vs 83%, 85% vs 70%, and 72% vs 60% for gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and gatifloxacin/levofloxacin, respectively; all p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Combining CF and non-CF P. aeruginosa susceptibility into one percent susceptibility value for all isolates may produce figures that underestimate the activity of some antibiotic classes against non-CF isolates. Clinicians may make less than optimal empiric antibiotic selection choices based on such data.
SEASONAL ARIMA MODELLING OF NIGERIAN MONTHLY CRUDE OIL PRICES

The time plot of the series NCOP reveals a peak in 2008 and a depression in early 2009. The overall trend is horizontal and no seasonality is obvious. Twelve-month differencing yields SDNCOP exhibiting still a peak in 2008 and a trough in 2009, the overall trend being slightly positive and seasonality not easily discernible. Nonseasonal differencing of SDNCOP yields DSDNCOP with an overall horizontal trend and no obvious seasonality. However its correlogram reveals an autocorrelation structure of a seasonal model of order 12. Moreover it suggests the product of two moving average components both of order one, one non-seasonal and the other 12-month seasonal. The partial autocorrelation function suggests the involvement of a seasonal (i.e. 12-month) autoregressive component of order one. A (0, 1, 1)x(1, 1, 1)12 autoregressive integrated moving average model was therefore proposed and fitted. It has been shown to be adequate.