Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of, and entomopathogenic studies on, Pristionchus aerivorus(Cobb inMerrill & Ford, 1916) Chitwood, 1937 (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) from North Carolina, USA

During a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes in North Carolina, USA, a Pristionchusspecies was recovered using the Galleriabait method. Morphological studies with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, mating tests with reference strains, as well as molecular analyses of the near-full-length small subunit rRNA gene (18S) and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA gene (28S) identified this isolate as Pristionchus aerivorus. Exposed Gallerialarvae were killed within 48 h and high numbers of nematodes were recovered from the cadavers about 5 days later. Preliminary tests revealed that this nematode is capable of infecting at least two other insect species ( Helicoverpa zeaand Tenebrio molitor) under laboratory conditions. The status of the genus Chroniodiplogasteris discussed and confirmed as a junior synonym of Pristionchusbased on morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Recovery of bacterial DNA from soil with growth of wildmushroom

Bacterial DNA was isolated from two types of soil sample near the growth of wild mushroom found in Universiti Malaysia Sabah campus area and were studied by using 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) assay. Two mushroom species. the Calvalia gigantean and another unknown mushroom species were discovered. The soil samples were undergone direct DNA extraction to recover the total DNA using a modified protocol from Zhou el al., (1996). The extracted DNA was brownish in colour due to the co-extraction of humic substances. The extracted DNA was then subjected to gel electrophoresis to check for the quality of the extracted DNA while compare to the marker, Lambda HindIII. From the gel electrophoresis. the extracted DNA was in expected size which was bigger than 23kb. After the DNA extraction, the DNA was subjected to purification seen the present of humic substances which was the inhibitor for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in the DNA samples. The DNA samples were purified by using DNA Grade HTP Hydroxyapatite minicolumn method which was a modified protocol from Purdy el a/. , (1996). From the result showed in the gel electrophoresis, the concentration of first elution DNA was higher compare to second elution. Between the two DNA samples from two different types of soil sample, the first mushroom's soil purified DNA was in white colour while the second mushroom's soil purified DNA was light brown in colour. This showed that there were still humic substances contained in the second mushroom's soil purified DNA. Both purified DNA were then subjected to PCR amplification by using 16S rDNA universal primer to amplify the conserve region in the genome of microorganisms. The DNA samples were diluted in 10X, 100X and 500X to overcome the problem of inhibition causing by the humic substances. From the PCR result obtained, only the first mushroom's soil DNA sample at 10X dilution showed the amplification and the result was reproducible. While for other DNA samples, there was no amplification showed. This was mainly due to the inhibition cannot be overcome by doing dilution for second mushroom's soil sample. As the conclusion, DNA should be pure enough and in good condition in order to give a high quality of PCR product.
Haematological characteristics of the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura

The haematological characteristics of the African snakehead Parachanna obscura includes mean blood haemoglobin concentration of 5.70g/dl, mean haematocrit of 19.20%, mean red blood cell count of 1.67 x 10 12 /L, mean total white blood cell count of 19.07 x 10 3 mm -3 , mean erythrocytic haemoglobin concentration of 29.08%, mean erythrocytic haemoglobin of 39.86 g, mean erythrocytic volume of 132.84 μ 3 , mean total plasma protein of 4.45 g/dl and mean plasma glucose of 67.42 mg/dl. Correlations were found with certain blood parameters as function of the length, weight and condition factor. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (6), pp. 527-530, 2005
Hypoxia Responsive Vectors Targeting Astrocytes in Glioma

Gliomas are the most common brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). The majority of malignant gliomas arise from neoplastic transformation of resident astrocytes. Gliomas are very aggressive tumors since they are characterized by widespread invasion of brain tissue. The exact pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms for glioma cell infiltration are currently unclear. Cell-cell interaction and tissue microenvironment play an important role in tumor progression leading to modification and infiltration of surrounding tissue. The hypoxic microenvironment contributes to abnormal neovascularization of the glioma.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CONTAMINANT Lactobacillus IN A COLOMBIAN ALCOHOL FERMENTATION PLANT

La contaminación bacteriana es un problema continuo en procesos fermentativos, particularmente, en fermentaciones para producción de etanol, donde se utiliza melaza de caña o maíz como materia prima; estos contaminantes son bacterias ácido lácticas, predominando el género Lactobacillus, principalmente. Estas bacterias crean un descenso constante del carbono disponible en la materia prima para la conversión a etanol. Compiten por factores de crecimiento necesarios para que la levadura realice su proceso fermentativo; así mismo pueden producir ácido láctico, el cual, inhibe el crecimiento de la levadura, generando una pérdida de dos moléculas de etanol por cada molécula de ácido láctico producido, disminuyendo la productividad y ocasionando pérdidas económicas. En este estudio, se colectaron muestras en una destilería colombiana de materia prima, levadura utilizada para el inóculo y cinco tanques de fermentación a diferentes tiempos, donde las bacterias ácido lácticas contaminantes fueron cuantificadas, aisladas y caracterizadas polifásicamente, utilizando métodos fenotípicos y genotípicos. Se emplearon pruebas bioquímicas de microbiología clásica, como método fenotípico y la técnica de PCR (Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa), como método genotípico. Al cuantificarlas, se evaluó su comportamiento y su impacto en la eficiencia del proceso. Se observó recuentos altos de bacterias ácido lácticas en los tanques de fermentación; también se hallaron estas bacterias en la materia prima y levadura, lo que sugiere que el proceso tiene varias fuentes de contaminación. Al realizar la identificación polifásica, el género de bacterias más representativas fue Lactobacillus.
Esterase phenotype S1 in Meloidogyne incognita in Brazilian coffee plantations.

Esterase phenotype S1 in Meloidogyne incognita in Brazilian coffee plantations The rare esterase phenotype S1 of Meloidogyne incognita is reported here for the first time in Brazil. The root-knot nematode studied population was detected in a coffee (Coffea arabica) field in the state of Sao Paulo. The affected plants had typical symptoms of the M. incognita parasitism. Em 2003, no municipio de Garca SP, amostras de solo e raiz foram coletadas em cafezais que exibiam quadro sintomatologico caracteristico do ataque de Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Femeas retiradas das raizes de cada amostra foram submetidas a analise dos fenotipos de esterase em gel de poliacrilamida. Em uma das propriedades foi encontrada uma populacao de Meloidogyne sp. com perfil de esterase diferente dos ja detectados em nematoides das galhas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.). A populacao apresentou o fenotipo S1 (Figura 1A), que se caracteriza pela presenca de uma banda de menor mobilidade em relacao aquela primeira banda de M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, utilizada como padrao de comparacao, e ao fenotipo I1, tipico de M. incognita. Para dirimir duvidas referentes ao diagnostico dessa populacao atipica foram analisados perfis de outras isoenzimas, configuracao da regiao perineal, estrutura do estilete de femeas, caracteristicas da regiao labial de machos e teste de hospedeiros diferenciadores da Universidade Estadual da Carolina do Norte. A populacao apresentou os fenotipos N1, I2 e N1 para as enzimas malato desidrogenase, superoxido dismutase e glutamatooxaloacetato transaminase, respectivamente. As configuracoes perineais das femeas avaliadas apresentaram arco dorsal alto e trapezoidal, estrias onduladas e bifurcacoes na regiao dos campos laterais (Figura 1B). O estilete das femeas possuia o cone curvo na extremidade, com aumento gradual do diâmetro da haste em direcao a base (Figura 1C). Os discos labiais dos machos mostraram-se planos a concavos. O tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ‘Rutgers’, a melancia (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) ‘Charleston Gray’ e o pimentao (Capsicum annuum L.) ‘Early California Wonder’ se mostraram hospedeiros da populacao. A analise conjunta de todas as caracteristicas confirmou que a populacao pertencia a especie M. incognita, raca 1. Este e o primeiro relato do fenotipo S1 em M. incognita infectando o cafeeiro no Brasil, fato relevante nao so para a diagnose da doenca como para os trabalhos de melhoramento visando resistencia a esse patogeno. FIG. 1 Fenotipo isoenzimatico e caracteristicas morfologicas de uma populacao de Meloidogyne incognita, proveniente de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica): A fenotipo S1 de esterase (Mj = M. javanica, utilizado como padrao de comparacao); B configuracao perineal; C estilete da femea. Mj Mj S1
Male Life History, Reproductive Effort, and the Evolution of the Genus Homo

The evolution of male life history traits was central to the emergence of the genus Homo. Compared with earlier hominins, changes in the behavioral and physiological mechanics of growth, survivorship, reproductive effort, and senescence all likely contributed to shifts in how males contributed to the evolution of our genus. For example, the range of paternal investment in modern Homo sapiens is unusual compared with most mammals and primates, all but certainly contributing to the evolution of the suite of life history traits that define Homo, including high fertility, large bodies, altricial offspring, large brains, and long lives. Moreover, the extensive range of phenotypic and behavioral variation in somatic and behavioral reflections of male reproductive effort across modern H. sapiens is especially noteworthy. We propose that selection for a broad range of variation in traits reflective of male reproductive effort was important to the evolution of Homo. We examine factors that contribute to this variation, proposing that selection for paternal and somatic investment plasticity across the entire male life span was important for the evolution of Homo. Potential research strategies and directions for new research for exploring these issues in the fossil record are also discussed.
A AMBIDESTRALIDADE EM EMPRESAS DE GRANDE PORTE NA REGIÃO DE GUARAPUAVA- PR SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA CONTINGENCIAL

A pesquisa buscou analisar a ambidestralidade no setor produtivo de empresas de grande porte voltando-se a Teoria da Contingencia para entender os processos de inovacao incremental e radical dentro deste contexto. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como qualitativa, estudo de casos multiplos, com dados coletados por meio de entrevistas e observacoes. Os resultados demonstraram que as empresas possuem capacidade ambidestra, mas que tendem a desenvolver mais inovacoes incrementais do que radicais. Quanto aos fatores contingenciais apontou-se que a estrutura e a cultura organizacional, bem como a comunicacao influenciam diretamente no processo inovativo, configurando-se como barreiras e condutores a inovacao.
The role of Akt1 in skin barrier formation

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by pruritus, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and dry skin. Association of filaggrin mutations with AD has been reported, however not all AD patients have filaggrin mutations suggesting other mechanisms give rise to the barrier defect present in AD. Akt1 activity is essential for cornified envelope formation and correct profilaggrin processing, although the functional role of Akt1 in these processes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of downstream targets of Akt1 signaling in profilaggrin processing and cornified envelope formation. Using shRNA to knock down Akt1 activity in rat epidermal keratinocyte cell lines, an in vitro organotypic model was created that phenocopies AD displaying hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and impaired filaggrin processing. Results show that reduced Akt activity led to decreased lamin A/C degradation disrupting nuclear disintegration process giving rise to parakeratosis. HspB1 is reported to interact with filaggrin and also involved in filaggrin processing. Inhibition of Akt activity demonstrated a switch between HspB1-filaggrin to HspB1- actin interaction in the upper epidermis, which may interfere with filaggrin processing. Cathepsin H (Ctsh) was down regulated 4-fold in our Akt1 knockdown cultures and its expression co-localized with filaggrin in the granular layer of human epidermis. Filaggrin processing was impaired in Ctsh shRNA knockdown cell lines, and both Ctsh+/− and Ctsh−/− mice displayed hyperkeratosis and reduced filaggrin expression. Inhibition of RAPTOR (a component of mTORC1) has previously been reported to increase Akt1 activity. Raptor overexpression in REKs showed a decrease in Akt phosphorylation, Ctsh and filaggrin processing, and treatment with Rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, reverses these effects. In uninvolved AD skin, increase in RAPTOR correlated with decrease in both Akt phosphorylation and filaggrin expression. This thesis presents a novel mechanism where increase in RAPTOR can lead to a reduction in epidermal granular Akt1 phosphorylation leading to impaired filaggrin processing and barrier defects in AD.
Coxsackievirus B3 infection and its mutation in Keshan disease

AIM: To investigate coxsackievirus B3 infection and its gene mutation in Keshan disease. METHODS: The expression of Coxsackievirus B3 RNA was detected in autopsy specimens of acute (12 cases), sub-acute (27 cases) and chronic (15 cases) Keshan disease by in situ hybridization. In sub-acute Keshan disease specimens, 3 cases with positive result by in situ hybridization were selected RT-PCR analysis. The DNA segments were then sequenced. RESULTS: Coxsackievirus B3 RNA was detected in the cytoplasm of myocardiocyte. The positive rate was 83% in acute, 67% in sub-acute and 80% in chronic Keshan disease. In the conservative region of Coxsackievirus B3 genome, there was a mutation in 234 (C-T) compared to the noncardiovirulent strain, CVB3/0. CONCLUSION: Coxsackievirus B3 RNA can survive and replicate in heart muscle of Keshan disease, which may play an important role in the occurrence of Keshan disease. The possible mechanism of occurrence of Keshan disease is associated with point a mutation in Coxsackievirus B3 genome.
Is a new paradigm emerging for oceanic island biogeography?

Following several decades during which two dissimilar and incompatible models (equilibrium and vicariance) dominated island biogeography, recent publications have documented patterns that point the way towards a new paradigm that includes elements of both models, as well as some novel aspects. Many of these seminal contributions have been made possible by the recent development of robust, temporally calibrated phylogenies used in concert with increasingly precise and reliable geological reconstructions of oceanic regions. Although a new general model of oceanic island biogeography has not yet been proposed, in this brief overview I present six hypotheses that summarize aspects of the emerging paradigm. These hypotheses deal with: the frequency of dispersal over oceanic water barriers by terrestrial organisms; the existence of substantial variation in the amount of dispersal (and gene flow) within a given set of related species within a given archipelago; the frequency, extent and impact on species richness of diversification within archipelagos; the frequent correlation of island age and the age of the species that live on the island; the long‐term persistence of species on oceanic islands; and the occasional recolonization of continents by species from clades that diversified on islands. Identifying, testing, and seeking means of synthesizing these and other emerging hypotheses may allow a new conceptual paradigm to emerge.
Occurrence and distribution of Fusarium species in wheat grain.

Wheat fungal infections caused by Fusarium spp. is of great economic importance in cereal growing countries including Bulgaria. These infections greatly reduced crop yields and significantly decrease grain quality, because of mycotoxins production, that make grain unsuitable for human food and livestock diets. To establish the occurrence and distribution of Fusarium spp. were tested 21 samples of wheat from Stara Zagora area. To determine the internal contamination by microscopic fungi of grains, the agar plate method was applied. One hundred grains were tested for each sample. The grains were sterilized with 70 % ethanol, rinsed with sterile water, dried and placed on Petri dishes containing Chapeck-Doxs agar medium. After incubation, the number of fungal genera detected in each sample was calculated. Conclusive identification of Fusarium spp. was made after transfer of selected isolates on SNA (Synthetischer nahrstoffarmer agar) on the basis of their morphological and cultural characteristics. As a result of mycological investigation, fungi of 9 genera were obtained: Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Rhizoctonia and Nigrospora spp. From contaminated with Fusarium spp. wheat samples were identified 62 isolates attributed to the 8 sections. Most common isolated species were Fusarium verticillioides, followed by Fusarium poae and Fusarium solani. Particular interest is the species Fusarium equiseti, which is isolated for the first time from Bulgarian wheat.
Regulation of assimilate partitioning by daylength and spectral quality

The effects of daylength and spectral quality on assimilate partitioning and leaf carbohydrate content should be considered when conducting controlled environment experiments or comparing results between studies obtained under different lighting conditions. Changes in partitioning may indicate alterations to photoregulatory processes within the source leaf rather than disruptions in sink strength. Moreover, it may be possible to use photoregulatory responses of assimilate partitioning to probe mechanisms of growth and development involving translocation of carbon or adaptation to environmental factors such as elevated CO2. It may also be possible to steer assimilate partitioning for the benefit of controlled environment agriculture using energy-efficient manipulations such as daylength extensions with dim irradiances, end-of-day alterations in light quality, or shifting plants between different spectral qualities as a part of phasic control of growth and development. Note that high starch levels measured on a one-time basis provide little information, since it is the proportion of photosynthate stored as starch that is meaningful. Large differences in starch content can result from small changes in partitioning integrated over several days. Rate information is required.
Hydrology and Diatom Phytoplankton of High Arctic Lakes and Ponds on Store Koldewey, Northeast Greenland, International Review

We document hydrological and phytoplankton characteristics of nine lakes and two ponds on Store Koldewey, a culturally undisturbed island off Northeast Greenland. The limnological survey included the recording of temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and saturation, pH, ionic composition, transparency, and the diatom phytoplankton community. In summer 2003, the lakes were cold, monomictic, thermally unstratified, alkaline and likely oligotrophic water bodies. Diatom phytoplankton was present in six lakes and consisted of four dominant species (Aulacoseira tethera, Cyclotella pseudostelligera, C rossii, and Fragilaria tenera). The concentration of planktonic diatoms varied distinctly between the lakes.
Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA Sequences

1. Phylogenetic inference, DNA sequence analysis, and the future of molecular systematics 2. DNA sequencing: strategy and methods to directly sequence large DNA molecules 3. The application of automated DNA sequence analysis to phylogenetic studies 4. Computer alignment of sequences 5. Aligning DNA sequences: homology and phylogenetic weighting 6. Relative efficiencies of different tree-making methods for molecular data 7. Compositional statistics evaluated by computer simulations 8. Weighted parsimony: does it work? 9. Testing the theory of descent 10. Parsimony and phylogenetic inference using DNA sequences: some methodological strategies 11. Evolutionary analysis of length-variable sequences: divergent domains of robosomal RNA 12. Statistical methods for testing molecular phylogenies 13. Discriminating between phylogenetic signal and random noise in DNA sequences 14. When are phylogeny estimates from morphological and molecular data incongruent? 15. Congruence among data sets: a Bayesian approach
Phenotypic plasticity and inbreeding depression in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae)

Hypothesis: The mating system (outbred or inbred) a plant utilizes could influence the degree of phenotypic plasticity exhibited by the progeny. We predicted that progeny of outbred parents would display greater phenotypic plasticity when grown under soil moisture stress than progeny of selfed individuals. Organisms: Seventeen families (8 outbred and 9 selfed) of mixed-mating wetland species, Mimulus ringens, were grown along a soil moisture gradient in the field and in the greenhouse. Times and places: Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted at the University of Virginia’s Blandy Experimental Farm, Boyce, Virginia, USA. Analytical methods: Both fitness and morphological characters were measured for three soil moisture levels. All data were analysed using mixed-model analysis of variance or analogous accelerated failure time models. Two-way factorial analyses of variance were performed for each character to test for breeding (fixed) and water (fixed) effects individually and for their interactive effect across blocks (random). A difference in levels of plasticity was defined by a significant interaction effect between breeding and water. Results: Inbreeding had little effect on phenotypic plasticity in the field or greenhouse. Plasticity in corolla width showed opposite patterns in inbred and outbred plants and growth rate showed greater plasticity in outbred plants in the greenhouse. There was little evidence of inbreeding depression among inbred or outbred M. ringens.
A concise bibliographic overview of Annonaceae

It is important that taxonomic knowledge is disseminated by those who possess it. This can be carried out via online databases, printed publications or training in taxonomic practice. For Annonaceae, the online database AnnonBase includes all published names of Annonaceae at any rank worldwide. Recently, an updated index to genera, species and infraspecific taxa of Neotropical Annonaceae was published in hard copy. This manuscript contains a concise update to the Bibliography of Annonaceae published by the late E. A. Mennega in 1993. Since his publication, much work has been carried out on systematics and evolution of Annonaceae, with the advent of molecular phylogenetics providing an additional stimulus. Here, however, we concentrate only on taxonomic papers focusing specifically on the description and circumscription of taxa (e.g. revisions, monographs, floras, checklists, descriptions of new species or phylogenetic studies that show monophyly/polyphyly/paraphyly of genera). The index should provide an easy entrance into the most important taxonomic literature on Annonaceae from 1900 onwards for the trained and untrained taxonomist with an interest in Annonaceae. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 169, 41–73.