Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An enhanced software defect prediction model with multiple metrics and learners

Defect prediction is a critical technique for achieving high reliability software. Defect prediction models based on software metrics are able to predict which modules are fault-prone, which in turn. The prediction results would make the software developers to pay more attentions to these high-risk modules. For software defect prediction modelling, machine learning techniques have been widely employed. Model selection problem is always a challenge for generating an efficient predictor with a satisfied performance which is also always difficult to achieve. In this paper, a software defect prediction modelling framework based on multi-metric space and multi-type learning models is proposed. Different types of component classifiers and different software metric sets are used to build a software defect prediction ensemble model with the increment on the diversity of ensemble learning as far as possible. The proposed model is fully investigated by using a set of real project data from NASA MDP, the experimental results reveal that the model effectively improve the generalisation performance and the predictive accuracy.
Is dark carbon fixation relevant for oceanic primary production estimates?

Abstract. About half of the global primary production (PP) is generated in the euphotic layer of the ocean. The 14C method developed by Steemann-Nielsen (Nielsen, 1952) more than half a century ago has been the most frequently used method to determine PP in all aquatic systems. This method includes dark incubations to exclude the non-phototrophic CO2 fixation. The presence of significant dark DIC fixation rates has been habitually used to suggest the inaccuracy of the 14C method to determine autotrophic phytoplankton primary production. However, we suggest that the dark CO2 fixation rates should be incorporated into global oceanic carbon production estimates since the total production of organic matter is not originating only from photosynthesis but also from other processes such as chemoautotrophic and anaplerotic processes. Here we analyzed data collected over almost 30 years from the longest available oceanic time series and calculated that the inclusion of dark dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation would increase oceanic PP estimates by 5–22 % when total dark DIC fixation is included or by 2.5–11 % when only considering the nighttime DIC fixation. We conclude that dark DIC fixation should be included into global oceanic primary production estimates as it represents newly synthesized organic carbon (ca. 1.2–11 Pg C y−1) available for the marine food web.
Security in Cloud of Things (CoT)

With IoT era, development raises several significant research questions in terms of system architecture, design and improvement. For example; the requirement of virtual resource utilization and storage capacity necessitates making IoT applications smarter; therefore, integrate the IoT concept with cloud computing will play an important role. This is crucial because of very large amounts of data that IoT is expected to generate. The Cloud of Things (CoT) is used to connect heterogeneous physical things to the virtual domain of the cloud. Despite its numerous advantages, there are many research challenges with utilization of CoT that needs additional consideration. These include high complexity, efficiency, improving reliability, and security. This chapter introduces CoT, its features, the applications that use CoT. CoT, like all other networked functions, is vulnerable to security attacks. The security risks for CoT are listed and described. The security requirements for CoT are identified and solutions are proposed to address the various attacks on CoT and its components.
Historical Development of Modern Surgery in America

Surgeons use operative procedure to save life and to treat patient’s disease. Advances are made with new operations and/or designing and modification of surgical instrument. This paper reviews the great surgical advances in the United States in the last century, presented in tabular form and arranged chronologically by year of first publication. Major topics covered include: cancer management, pulmonary, cardiac and vascular surgery, war surgery, care of trauma and burn, minimal invasive and robot surgery, organ transplantation and facial reconstruction, medical and surgical devices.
Sustaining a Culture of Excellence: Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Land Management

Increasing globalization and the emergence of disruptive learning technologies have derived a pedagogical paradigm shift from the conventional on-campus higher education to the digital and online higher education. Massive open online courses (MOOCs), especially, are the most notable manifestation of educational transformation. We developed a MOOC entitled Introduction to Land Management (ILMx MOOC) for potential entrants to the land management domain, or for those who simply want to become aware of land-related challenges and brought together with thousands of participants worldwide with freely accessible course content and rooms for open discussion. Our experience with ILMx MOOC has accumulated new knowledge and insight across a broad range of questioning on how to design and develop alternative courseware and teach using digital learning technologies in land management. This paper examines an account of emerging patterns of demographics, geography, and course engagement throughout the ILMx MOOC. We found that the subject of land management in digital higher education affects gender gaps in enrolments. We also assume that the topic of land management has been globally recognized as an important nexus to guide professionals in international development studies and practices as well as sustainability research. However, new behavioral patterns of learners were also observed. They participated in the learning process very enthusiastically only during the first month of the course and this seems to be due to lack of motivation and interest to induce learners efficiently into the learning content. We believe that the culture of excellence in land management needs to be accompanied by engaged excellence and new forms of educational culture and work processes. This means that the high-quality and rigorous knowledge we produce and accumulate is coupled closely with new styles of educational development and delivery, new types of resources and hardware, and extensive engagement with countries, localities, people, and practices of those who handle land matters.
Local neighborhood artificial fish swarm algorithm based on adaptive visual and step

To solve the large blindness and premature problems of basic artificial fish swarm algorithm in late stage of searching process,an artificial fish swarm algorithm using new local neighborhood structure is proposed,in which each artificial fish can only communicate with other five neighboring artificial fishes.According to the average distance between each artificial fish and other five artificial fishes in the neighborhood,its visual and step are adaptively calculated before each iteration.The swarming and following behaviors of artificial fish is improved.And the convergence of the algorithm is discussed in theory.The simulation results and an engineering example show that the proposed algorithm can converge fast and greatly improve the global searching ability;its optimization precision is even higher and its performance is better.
Hypersensitivity of glacial temperatures in Siberia

Abstract. Climate change in Siberia is currently receiving a lot of attention as large permafrost-covered areas could provide a strong positive feedback to global warming through the release of carbon that has been sequestered there on glacial-interglacial time scales. Geological evidence and climate model experiments show that the Siberian region also played an exceptional role during glacial periods. The region that is currently known for its harsh cold climate did not experience major glaciations during the last ice age, including its severest stages around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). On the contrary, it is thought that glacial summer temperatures were comparable to present-day. We combine LGM experiments from the second and third phases of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP2 and PMIP3) with sensitivity experiments with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Together these climate model experiments reveal that the intermodel spread in LGM summer temperatures in Siberia is much larger than in any other region of the globe and suggest that temperatures in Siberia are highly susceptible to changes in the imposed glacial boundary conditions, the included feedbacks and processes, and to the model physics of the different components of the climate model. We find that changes in the large-scale atmospheric stationary wave pattern and associated northward heat transport drive strong local snow and vegetation feedbacks and that this combination explains the susceptibility of LGM summer temperatures in Siberia. This suggests that a small difference between two glacial periods in terms of climate, ice buildup or their respective evolution towards maximum glacial conditions, can lead to strongly divergent summer temperatures in Siberia, that are sufficiently strong to allow for the buildup of an ice sheet during some glacial periods, while during others, above-freezing summer temperatures will preclude a multi-year snow-pack from forming.
Mass wasting as a geologic hazard in the Province of Salta, Argentina

The north-south orient ation of the mo unta inous part of the Province ofSalta form s a massive barrier to easy communication between the more populate d region in the cen tral pan of the provin ce and the com m unities to the west. Routes follow deeply entrenched valleys th at are frequ entl y th e sites ofdebris flows that cause d isruptions in th e flow of traffic during the months of December through M arch , wh en m ost of the precipitation of the region is recorded . The steep topography and the tecton ic settings have resulted in nearly 150 large landslides and debris flows most ofwhich were identi fied through stereo scopic study of airphoros, scale 1/50,000 and l/70,00 0. M ore than 100 of these are in the Cord illera Oriental and Calchaq uenia, more than 30 were noted in the Pu na, a smaller number in the Sierras Su bandinas. Several clus ters of large landslides in each of th ese rnorphos truc tural regions undoub tedly were triggered by earthquak es that may have had a magnitude (Rich ter Scale) of5 . 0 o r greater; thus their locations provide addi tiona l information on the probable epicenters of preh isto ric earthq uakes. M ost of the landslides ident ified do not in themselves present any hazard or risk at thi s time. Their locat ion s and geo logic setting ind icate locations where un stable slopes have failed , wh ich provides a warn ing that add itional slides co uld take place in similar setti ngs. Their identificat ion and location also serves as a guide to lan duse planners of th e pr ovince, so that if new construction is undertaken, measures to avoid reactiva ting old and no w stable slide masses can be avoided.
Appendix B: Zooarchaeological Analysis of the Indigenous Fishery at the Huu7ii Big House and Back Terrace, Huu-ay-aht Territory, Southwestern Vancouver Island

This volume presents the results of a collaborative project with the Huu-ay-aht First Nation, a Nuu-chah-nulth group near Bamfield on Vancouver Island’s west coast. It reviews ethnographic and ethnohistoric data on Huu-ay-aht territory and provides detailed descriptions and analysis of excavated materials from the site of Huu7ii, an ancient Huu-ay-aht village with an occupation span of nearly 5,000 years. The major focus is on the excavation of one very large house, argued to be a chiefly residence. Appendices present specific contributions to the research by Gay Frederick (vertebrate faunal analysis), Iain McKechnie (fish remains from the column samples), Ursula Arndt and Dongya Yang (aDNA of cetacean remains), Ian Sumpter (invertebrate faunal analysis), Beth Weathers (paleoethnobotany), and Marlow Pellatt (paleoecology and the pollen record). The results make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the Nuu-chah-nulth past and to household archaeology on the Northwest Coast.
Challenging Front-end-of-Innovation in Information Systems

The objective of the information system (IS) development project is to develop and modify systems that satisfy customers' and users' needs on schedule and within a budget. The early activities in information systems development, i.e. the front end of innovation in information systems, are recognized as critical and important steps; poor execution of these activities is an almost certain guarantee for a failure of the final IS product. However, there are many problems related to the early phases of IS development, and therefore this research paper presents a conceptual model for categorizing the problems in the front end of innovation in IS. Based on this conceptual model, we suggest that the activities in the early phases of information system development currently used in organizations do no work in large scale. In the directions for future research we discuss the need for new approaches in the front end of innovation in information systems.
STUDYING CORRESPONDENCE OF RAGWEED POLLEN’S AIRBORNE CONCENTRATION AND THE NEW GREENING MEASURES UNDER THE COMMON AGRICULTURE POLICY

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is considered as an invasive alien weed species. Based on the former field surveys, five million hectares, cca. 85% of the Hungarian agricultural area is endangered by ragweed; while around 0.7 million hectares are strongly infected. Cereal stubble is a major habitat of late-growing ragweed populations. Almost 60% of allergic patients (meaning 1.5-2 million people) suffer from ragweed pollen allergy in Hungary. Pollen concentration was measured in the air using Hirst-type pollen traps from year 2000 to 2016 at 19 monitoring stations in Hungary. A map of the crop types were created, using declared parcels of area based payments, validated by remote sensing data. Linear regression was applied to calculate relationship between seasonal pollen index and crop types at each monitoring stations. Our results showed that the land cover area of cereals, corn and sunflower showed positive correlation with ragweed pollen concentrations. This positive correlation had been changed in 2016 that is why we had started to analyse the changes of the system and their potential effects. Unexpectedly, the pollen concentration decreased rapidly in early September of 2016. No precipitation occurred at this time, i.e. reduction of pollen level could not be explained by the wash out of pollen grain from the air by raindrops. Among the possible reasons, the effect of the newly introduced greening obligations related to the area based direct payments (based on the EC regulation 1307/2013) was concerned. The new diversification requirement under the greening contains the possibility of planting catch crops between successive plantings of a main crops, that is why it have a direct effect on the arable stubble management. It is supposed that the late-growing ragweed populations may be suppressed by the catch crops. In order to perform effective ragweed eradication, further studies are needed to optimize agricultural technologies of stubble management.
Contrasting variation in aerosol optical properties during dust episodes in the Middle East and Southwest Asia: Model results and ground measurement

Dust storms deteriorated air quality over the Gulf Region, Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan during the last decade. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in aerosol optical and radiative properties during a dust episode over the various locations in the Middle East and Southwest Asia using data from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) during March, 2012. Maximum aerosol optical depth (AOD) values were found to be 2.18, 1.30, 4.33 and 1.80 over Lahore, Kanpur, Kaust, and Mezaira, respectively. The Volume Size Distributions, Single Scattering Albedo, Refractive Index, and Asymmetry parameter indicated that coarse mode aerosols were predominant relative to fine mode aerosols during the dust event. The average shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) values at the earth’s surface were found to be -96±45 W m-2, -86±22 W m-2, -77±51 W m-2, and -75±40 W m-2, over Lahore, Kanpur, Kaust and Mezaira, respectively. Likewise, the averaged ARF values over Lahore, Kanpur, Kaust and Mezaira at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) were found to be -45±25 W m-2, -27±9 W m-2, -41±29 W m-2, and -75±40 W m-2, respectively. The large differences between surface and TOA forcing produced significant heating within the atmosphere.
Resource allocation schemes in amplify-and-forward OFDM cooperative relay systems with multimedia traffic

A framework of resource allocation for multimedia traffic in point-to-point OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) cooperative relay systems was presented,an optimal adaptive power,carrier and bit allocation scheme was proposed. A sub-optimal fast-searching algorithm was proposed for practical implementation,which allocated the minimum resource to each service according to the channel conditions. Simulation results show that this scheme can meet the QoS (quality of service) requirement of the multimedia traffic while improve the spectral efficiency significantly. Moreover,performance of the sub-optimal search algorithm in terms of throughput is close to optimal scheme by 0.6bit/(s.Hz) at all SNR regime,with reduced complexity in linear polynomial level rather than O(3N).
Row Row Row Your Boat

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People-Specific Languages: a case for automated programming language generation by reverse-engineering programmer minds

The innovation of DSLs was the recognition that each application domain has its few idiomatic patterns of language use, found often in that domain and rarely in others. Capturing these idioms in the language design makes a DSL and yields gains in productivity, reliability and maintainability. Similarly, different groups of programmers have different predominant cognitive quirks. In this article I argue that programmers are attracted to some types of languages that resonate with their quirks and reluctant to use others that grate against them. Hence the question: could we tailor or evolve programming languages to the particular personality of their users? Due to the sheer diversity of personality types, any answer should be combined with automated language generation. The potential benefits include a leap in productivity and more social diversity in software engineering workplaces. The main pitfall is the risk of introducing new language barriers between people and decreased code reuse. However this may be avoidable by combining automated language generation with shared fundamental semantic building blocks.
Validating synthetic health datasets for longitudinal clustering

Clustering methods partition datasets into subgroups with some homogeneous properties, with information about the number and particular characteristics of each subgroup unknown a priori. The problem of predicting the number of clusters and quality of each cluster might be overcome by using cluster validation methods. This paper presents such an approach incorporating quantitative methods for comparison between original and synthetic versions of longitudinal health datasets. The use of the methods is demonstrated by using two different clustering algorithms, K-means and Latent Class Analysis, to perform clustering on synthetic data derived from the 45 and Up Study baseline data, from NSW in Australia.
Enhancing Gesture Dictionary of a Commercial Data Glove Using Complex Static Gestures and an MLP Ensemble

This paper focuses on the enhancement of the static gesture dictionary of commercial data glove 5DT 5 Ultra, with the primary goal to improve its ergonomic features and usability for Mechanical CAD (MCAD). The standard gesture dictionary of this data glove is based on 16 joint-limit simple static gestures designed in the 1990s by the NASA Aimes laboratory. Although simple to learn and perform and easy to recognize, most of these gestures have poor ergonomic features and are non-intuitive in the symbolical sense. The authors addressed this problem and suggested improvements by eliminating 11 original simple static gestures and substituting them with new complex static gestures. Since the restructured gesture dictionary of 12 simple and complex static gestures imposed a problem of lower gesture recognition rate, this issue was approached using artificial intelligence. Namely, an ensemble of five multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) with backpropagation was used as gesture classifier. Bearing in mind that variable hand anatomies of different data glove users are one of the crucial factors impeding gesture recognition, two female and three male subjects participated in the gesture data acquisition to provide a total of 2400 static gestures which were used to train, validate and test the ensemble classifier. For each of the five member networks, a resampling of the data set was performed, aleviating the problem of variance. The results showed that the proposed restructuring of data dictionary can be efficiently supported by the ensemble-based gesture classifier.
Cases In Contemporary Strategy Analysis

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