Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and In Vivo Properties of Dihydrophthalazine Antifolates, a Novel Family of Antibacterial Drugs

ABSTRACT Racemic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine dihydrophthalazine derivatives BAL0030543, BAL0030544, and BAL0030545 exhibited low in vitro MICs toward small, selected panels of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Mycobacterium avium, though the compounds were less active against Haemophilus influenzae. The constellation of dihydrofolate reductases (DHFRs) present in 20 enterococci and 40 staphylococci was analyzed and correlated with the antibacterial activities of the dihydrophthalazines and trimethoprim. DHFRs encoded by dfrB, dfrA (S1 isozyme), dfrE, and folA were susceptible to the dihydrophthalazines, whereas DHFRs encoded by dfrG (S3 isozyme) and dfrF were not. Studies with the separated enantiomers of BAL0030543, BAL0030544, and BAL0030545 revealed preferential inhibition of susceptible DHFRs by the (R)-enantiomers. BAL0030543, BAL0030544, and BAL0030545 were well tolerated by mice during 5- and 10-day oral toxicity studies at doses of up to 400 mg/kg of body weight. Using a nonoptimized formulation, the dihydrophthalazines displayed acceptable oral bioavailabilities in mice, and efficacy studies with a septicemia model of mice infected with trimethoprim-resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus gave 50% effective dose values in the range of 1.6 to 6.25 mg/kg.
New simplified method for the simulation of conducted EMI generated by switched power converters

A new simplified simulation method for the calculation of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by switched power converters (SPCs) is presented. EMI simulation in real SPCs presents particular problems due to complex geometry and the wide range of time constants involved. This makes the computation of EMI a complex matter. The method presented here is based on a "source propagation path-derived disturbance" simulation process and is specially designed to simplify the mentioned computation problems. In the design of the proposed method, quick and robust simulations were preferred rather than very accurate results. The resulting models allow quite accurate predictions and sensitivity analysis when certain changes in components or layout are introduced. The paper presents two validation cases, where simulation and experimental results of conducted EMI generated by a general-purpose VSI, with different switching patterns and different layout, are compared.
Design of high-order Chebyshev FIR filters in the complex domain under magnitude constraints

This article discusses the design of FIR filters that approximate a complex-valued target frequency response in a Chebyshev sense. Additionally, the required stopband attenuation can be specified. Solving the dual of a semi-infinite linear program is currently the most efficient way to design such filters, but numerical problems prevent the design of high-order FIR filters. Modifications are proposed to overcome this limitation. Furthermore, an efficient method is presented for generating starting values that are close to the optimal solution such that the number of iterations is considerably reduced. Examples of filters with a length up to 250 taps are included.
Ecoulement et éclatement tourbillonnaires engendrés par un disque tournant dans une enceinte cylindrique

Ce travail experimental est consacre a l'etude de l'ecoulement tourbillonnaire engendre par un disque tournant au fond d'une enceinte cylindrique. L'autre extremite du domaine de l'ecoulement est bornee, soit par une paroi rigide, soit par une surface libre. Une attention particuliere est consacree a l'etude des caracteristiques des eclatements tourbillonnaires. Les experiences mettent en evidence une sensibilite importante du comportement de l'ecoulement tourbillonnaire et de l'ecoulement secondaire aux differentes conditions aux limites. Il en est de meme des courbes de stabilite de l'eclatement tourbillonnaire et de l'apparition des bulbes de recirculation. Leur domaine d'apparition a ete etabli en fonction du rapport d'aspects de la cuve et du nombre de reynolds du disque tournant. Les conditions d'eclatement tourbillonnaire ont ete comparees aux differents modeles theoriques existants. Ni les theories fondees sur l'existence d'un point critique, ni les theories fondees sur des mecanismes d'instabilites ne sont en mesure d'expliquer la formation des bulbes de recirculation observee dans nos experiences. Seul le modele de la separation inertielle semble compatible avec nos observations
Oncogenic Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax Suppression of Primary Innate Immune Signaling Pathways

ABSTRACT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus considered to be the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The viral transactivator Tax is regarded as the oncoprotein responsible for contributing toward the transformation process. Here, we demonstrate that Tax potently inhibits the activity of DEx(D/H) box helicases RIG-I and MDA5 as well as Toll-dependent TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), which function as cellular sensors or mediators of viral RNA and facilitate innate immune responses, including the production of type I IFN. Tax manifested this function by binding to the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains of TRIF and RIP1 to disrupt interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) activity, a critical type I IFN transcription factor. These data provide further mechanistic insight into HTLV-1-mediated subversion of cellular host defense responses, which may help explain HTLV-1-related pathogenesis and oncogenesis. IMPORTANCE It is predicted that up to 15% of all human cancers may involve virus infection. For example, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been reported to infect up to 25 million people worldwide and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We show here that HTLV-1 may be able to successfully infect the T cells and remain latent due to the virally encoded product Tax inhibiting a key host defense pathway. Understanding the mechanisms by which Tax subverts the immune system may lead to the development of a therapeutic treatment for HTLV-1-mediated disease.
Image registration for multi-exposed HDRI and motion deblurring

In multi-exposure based image fusion task, alignment is an essential prerequisite to prevent ghost artifact after blending. Compared to usual matching problem, registration is more difficult when each image is captured under different photographing conditions. In HDR imaging, we use long and short exposure images, which have different brightness and there exist over/under satuated regions. In motion deblurring problem, we use blurred and noisy image pair and the amount of motion blur varies from one image to another due to the different exposure times. The main difficulty is that luminance levels of the two images are not in linear relationship and we cannot perfectly equalize or normalize the brightness of each image and this leads to unstable and inaccurate alignment results. To solve this problem, we applied probabilistic measure such as mutual information to represent similarity between images after alignment. In this paper, we discribed about the characteristics of multi-exposed input images in the aspect of registration and also analyzed the magnitude of camera hand shake. By exploiting the independence of luminance of mutual information, we proposed a fast and practically useful image registration technique in multiple capturing. Our algorithm can be applied to extreme HDR scenes and motion blurred scenes with over 90% success rate and its simplicity enables to be embedded in digital camera and mobile camera phone. The effectiveness of our registration algorithm is examined by various experiments on real HDR or motion deblurring cases using hand-held camera.
[Parametric optimization of electroacupuncture against bone-cancer pain in rats and its intervention on mRNA expression of opioid receptor and precursor].

OBJECTIVE To observe the intervention of electroacupuncture (EA) with different current frequencies and treatment frequencies on pain thresholt in rats with bone-cancer pain, so as to optimize treatment parameters of EA against bone cancer pain; and by measuring gene expression of opioid receptor and precursor in different tissues to preliminarily explore the possible mechanism of EA against bone cancer pain. METHODS Ninety healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, EA groups (6 subgroups according to different frequencies) and a sham EA group, ten rats in each one. Rats in the control group were injected with 10 µL of amicrobic phosphate buffer solution (PBS) into tibial cavity; rats in the remaining groups were injected with Walker 256 cancer cells to establish model of bone-cancer pain. No treatment was given to rats in the control group and model group; rats in the EA groups were treated with EA at bilateral "Housanli" (ST 36) and "Genduan" with 3 different current frequencies (2 Hz, 100 Hz and 2 Hz/100 Hz), once a day and once every other day, 30 min per treatment (1mA for 15 min, 2 mA for 15 min); rats in the sham EA group were treated with identical acupoints as the EA group, but the acupoints were needled subcutaneously and EA was connected with power off. All the treatment was given for 14 days. Dynamic plantar aesthesiometer was applied to measure the paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) of the affected side before the model establishment, 6d, 8d, 10d, 12d, 14d, 16d, 18d, and 20d after model establishment. The mRNA expressions of µ-opioid receptor (MOR), κ-opioid receptor (KOR), δ-opioid receptor (DOR), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and prodynorphin (PDYN) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) of L4-L6 of the affected side were detected by PCR method. RESULTS There were no differences in PWTs among all groups before model establishment (P>0. 05). Each time point after model establishment, PWTs in model group were obviously lower than those in the control group (all P<0. 01). Compared with the model group, PWTs in each EA subgroup were all increased (all P<0.05), but the differences at different time points were not significant among EA subgroups (P>0.05). The mRNA expressions of MOR, KOR, POMC, and PDYN in L4-L6 DRG in the 2 Hz/100 Hz II group were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), while the mRNA expressions of MOR, KOR, DOR, POMC and PDYN in SCDH were not different compared with the model group (P>0. 05). CONCLUSION EA treatment has obvious analgesic effect on bone-cancer pain, however, its effect is not related with current frequency and treating frequency. EA against bone-cancer pain may be related with increasing the mRNA expression of some peripheral opioid receptors and precursor.
Old and lonely?

The purpose of the present study was first, to assess the incidence of loneliness among older adults in light of gender, marital status, age and health, and second, to assess the associations between loneliness and a) descriptive characteristics and b) evaluations of the respondents' personal relationships. Interviews were conducted with 461 men and women, aged 65 and over, and living either at home or in institutions. The results show that it is necessary to examine the combined effects of marital status, gender, age and health in order to adequately assess the incidence of loneliness among older individuals. The study also reveals that an evaluation of the quality of personal relationships contributes more to the study of the incidence of loneliness than describing their characteristics.
RACIONALIDAD EN ECONOMÍA Y EN CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS

El uso del homo economicus en economia ha sido defendido principalmente porque permite elaborar modelos formales de precision que los distinguen de otras ciencias sociales. En este trabajo sostenemos que la economia no es mas “cientifica” por haber sostenido la racionalidad en sus modelos. Para verlo, realizamos un paralelismo del tratamiento de la racionalidad individual con las ciencias politicas, una disciplina con un estatus epistemologico similar a la economia, y para ello nos centramos en los modelos de votacion. El paralelismo revela la racionalidad se considero central para el desarrollo de la teoria economica, pero no en las ciencias politicas, donde la hipotesis fue testeada y abandonada sin mayores traumas o consecuencias analiticas. La valoracion reflexiva de este supuesto le permitio avanzar hacia conclusiones mas cercanas a la realidad y, en consecuencia, mas utiles y aplicadas.
PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR CLUMSY CHILDREN: AN EVALUATION STUDY

This study reports the findings of an effect‐evaluation study of physiotherapy for clumsy children. 18 children were identified by school doctors as having poor motor co‐ordination. They were followed for three months in order to exclude spontaneous improvement of motor problems; none spontaneously improved. Subsequently, these children were enrolled on a regular physiotherapy programme. Treatment was administered individually twice a week over three months. The effects of treatment for clumsy children appeared to be promising: important improvements were found on various motor skills. These benefits were maintained for a three‐month period after the end of treatment.
Online Learning: Fundamental Algorithms

The Learning Theory 1, is somewhat least practical part of Machine Learning, which is most about the theoretical guarantees in learning concepts, in different conditions and scenarios. These guarantees are usually expressed in the form of probabilistic concentration of some measure, around some optimal value which is unknown and need to discovered. These bounds are functions of problem specifications, for example,
Differential object marking and datives in basque syntax

Doktore tesi honen helburu nagusia zenbait euskal hizkeratan gertatzen den Osagarrien Markatpen Bereizgarria (Differential Object Marking, DOM) aztertzea da. Ikerketa lan honek DOM osagarrien izaera sintaktikoa argitzea du xede, eta hauek datibo markapena erakusten dutenez, bestelako datibo argumentuen ? hau da, arazi, esperimentatzaile, helburu edota jabe datiboen? sintaxia ere arakatzen da bertan. Hala, lan honetan DOM osagarrien zein gainerako datiboen sortzezko kategoria eta konfigurazio sintaktikoa, Pertsona Kasuaren Murriztapenarenaren eraginak eta berau saihesteko estrategiak edota datibo kasuaren zilegiztatzea bera azaltzen dira, besteak beste.
St John's for depression, worts and all

Your patients are using it, but does it work? D epressive disorders are serious illnesses that cause enormous personal suffering and a high economic burden. The World Health Organization projects that major depression will be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by the year 2020. Most depressed patients are treated in primary care and the most common treatment is antidepressant medication. Despite rapid growth in antidepressant prescribing, outcomes are often poor and patients are increasingly using complementary and alternative medicine such as St John's wort (SJW). In 2002, 12% of US adults reported using SJW within the past 12 months.1 Should we encourage our patients to try St John's wort for depression? > Szegedi et al conducted a methodologically sophisticated study to determine whether SJW was about as good as and no worse than paroxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depression. The study produced surprising results. Szegedi et al conducted a methodologically sophisticated study (p 160) designed to determine whether SJW was about as good as and no worse than paroxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depression. An active control, non-inferiority trial is appropriate when there are …
Marcusenius desertus sp. nov. (Teleostei: Mormyridae), a mormyrid fish from the Namib desert

We critically compared Marcusenius specimens from the mouth of the Cunene River on the Namibia/Angola border, a harsh desert environment on the Atlantic Ocean coast virtually devoid of aerial insects with aquatic larvae which are an important food item, with Marcusenius multisquamatus Kramer & Wink, 2013 from the escarpment region of that same river, in a relatively rich and productive subtropical savannah environment. River mouth specimens were differentiated in morphology and electric organ discharges, as determined by ANOVA/MANOVA comparisons, principal component and discriminant analyses on morphological and electrophysiological characters, and genetics, including sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, indicating reproductive isolation. Specimens from the river mouth differed from M. multisquamatus, their closest relatives, by having a shorter snout, a smaller eye diameter, and smaller nares separation. River mouth specimens were also differentiated from other, increasingly less-close relatives, such as M. altisambesi Kramer et al., 2007 from the Okavango River, Botswana, and from M. krameri Maake et al., 2014 from the Limpopo System, South Africa. We therefore designate the new species Marcusenius desertus sp. nov. for the Cunene River mouth population.
Agents That Inhibit Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 Do Not Block Formation of Actin Pedestals in HeLa Cells Infected with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induces formation of actin pedestals in infected host cells. Agents that inhibit the activity of Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, includingClostridium difficile toxin B (ToxB), compactin, and dominant negative Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, did not inhibit formation of actin pedestals. In contrast, treatment of HeLa cells with ToxB inhibited EPEC invasion. Thus, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 are not required for assembly of actin pedestals; however, they may be involved in EPEC uptake by HeLa cells.
Comparison of arterial and arterialized capillary blood in infants with respiratory distress.

Arterial sampling for monitoring blood gases and pH in respiratory distress of the newborn is only practised in a few centres in Britain. For control of acid base balance most paediatricians rely on capillary samples, which do not require experienced medical staff for collection. Micro-equipment for measuring Po2 in capillary samples is now commercially available. This study was planned to assess the practical value of capillary readings. One previous study in sick newborns has been reported (Gandy et al., 1964), but this was in babies of 2000 g. or more.
Increased zidovudine prescribing associated with lamivudine availability.

To the Editor. —We previously described a significant decrease in zidovudine use in British Columbia following the announcement of the Concorde Trial during the first quarter of 1993. 1 We conducted the present analysis to assess recent rates of prescribing zidovudine in the province. The distribution of antiretroviral drugs in British Columbia is free of charge through the provincial Centre for Excellence in HIV/ AIDS [human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Treatment Program. 1 For physicians to prescribe zidovudine, they must complete a patient enrollment form that serves as the drug prescription. This application is accompanied by a CD4 cell count determination. Individuals infected with HIV are eligible to receive zidovudine from this program if they have at least one CD4 cell count less than 0.50×10 9 /L (500/μL). There is no other legal source of zidovudine in the province. Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) first became available through an open-label expanded-access program
Aerophagia as cause of gaseous abdominal distention in a toddler.

involves excessive air swallowing causing progressive abdominal distension. The symptoms in children are a nondistended abdomen in the morning, progressive abdominal distension during the day, visible, often audible, air swallowing, and excessive flatus. Reso-lution of the abdominal distension occurs during the night by absorption of gas and by flatulence. Although aerophagia in childhood the it We a 32-month-old toddler a of functional constipation whom the severe pain at the involved site. Subcutaneous crepitus may be felt. Radiographs may reveal gas or fluid in the fascial planes, which can be confirmed by CT. Absence of these findings, however, does not negate a diagnosis of NF, and suspicion should remain in the case of rapidly progressing cellulitis and a deteriorating clinical status. The causative organisms of NF are variable. Staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteriae, and hemolytic streptococcal species are frequently present. A combination of facultative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria may be isolated, and synergistic action of such a combination may result in a fulminant course. The diagnosis is confirmed by operative exploration of the wound, which reveals edema and necrosis. Treatment consists of aggressive surgical debridement and wide spectrum antibiotics. Hyperbaric oxygen has been reported to be useful in the treatment of group A streptococcal necrotizing infections, but its use as standard therapy for NF is controversial. Physician awareness and early diagnosis with prompt surgical and medical intervention remain the greatest predictive factors for a favorable outcome.
A Capacitor-Less LDO With High-Frequency PSR Suitable for a Wide Range of On-Chip Capacitive Loads

This paper presents an on-chip, low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator with improved power-supply rejection (PSR) able to drive large capacitive loads. The LDO compensation is achieved via a custom, wide bandwidth capacitance multiplier (c-multiplier) that emulates a nanofarad-range capacitance at the LDO output node. The LDO frequency response resembles that of externally compensated LDOs, leading to a wide PSR frequency range without using an off-chip capacitor. To drive large capacitive loads without stability concerns, the supply-line capacitance of the load circuit is incorporated to the design of the LDO compensation scheme. The power-stability-performance tradeoffs involved in the design are discussed in detail. The LDO and the c-multiplier are implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology and target applications with load currents in the 10-mA range. Experimental results show that the LDO achieves a PSR better than -39 dB up to 20 MHz at 1.2 V output voltage, while maintaining a 97.4% current efficiency.
Biomimetic Oculomotor Control

Oculomotor control in a humanoid robot faces similar problems as biological oculomotor systems, that is, capturing targets accurately on a very narrow fovea, dealing with large delays in the control systems, the stabilization of gaze in the face of unknown perturbations of the body, selective attention, and the complexity of stereo vision. In this article, we suggest control circuits to realize three of the most basic oculomotor behaviors and their integration: the vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response (VOR–OKR) for gaze stabilization, smooth pursuit for tracking moving objects, and saccades for overt visual attention. Each of these behaviors and the mechanism for their integration were derived with inspiration from computational theories as well as behavioral and physiological data in neuroscience. Our implementations on humanoid demonstrate good performance of oculomotor behaviors, which proves to be a viable strategy to explore novel control mechanisms for humanoid robotics. Conversely, insights gained from our models have been able to directly influence views and provide new directions for computational neuroscience research.