Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les ménages agricoles aux États-Unis

Dans les pays developpes, les menages agricoles sont hautement tributaires de la pluriactivite. L’emploi non agricole est tres repandu et pour la plupart des menages agricoles, son revenu represente une proportion non negligeable du revenu total. Selon les donnees d’une enquete nationale sur les agricultrices, menee a Penn State University en 2001, la participation des agricultrices a des emplois non agricoles a nettement augmente au cours des dernieres decennies. Pendant ce temps, le taux d’emploi non agricole des agriculteurs restait stable a 50 %. Les taux regionaux, en particulier pour les femmes, se sont montres etonnamment eleves dans les regions d’agriculture traditionnelle et de faible densite. Depuis 1980, l’evolution des taux de participation a l’emploi non agricole s’est accompagnee d’une baisse de la participation des femmes aux tâches agricoles visant l’autoconsommation et d’une hausse nette et visible de la participation des femmes aux grandes decisions concernant l’exploitation. Etant donne l’evolution recente au sein des menages agricoles, aux Etats-Unis comme dans de nombreux pays developpes, il est admis que les interactions au sein du menage sont probablement importantes. A l’aide d’une approche en termes de negociation dans le menage, l’influence des types de transmission d’exploitations entre generations – selon que l’exploitation vient de la famille de l’homme ou de celle de la femme – est testee pour determiner si le controle sur les actifs agricoles affecte la participation au travail agricole et non agricole et la prise de decision au sein de l’exploitation. L’interet de cette question vient de ce qu’il est maintenant de plus en plus frequent aux Etats-Unis que les agricultrices heritent d’une exploitation. Les resultats montrent que si l’exploitation provient de la famille de l’agriculteur, celui-ci est plus susceptible de travailler sur l’exploitation et moins interesse par des activites non agricoles, tandis que sa femme/compagne sera moins susceptible de travailler sur l’exploitation. A l’inverse, si l’exploitation vient de la famille de l’agricultrice, elle sera plus susceptible de travailler en dehors de l’exploitation, peut-etre pour apporter un soutien financier permettant de poursuivre l’activite agricole. De forts effets sur la prise de decision sont observes : les agricultrices heritieres sont beaucoup plus impliquees dans la prise de decision alors que c’est l’inverse si l’exploitation vient de la famille de l’agriculteur.
Les introductions en bourse, la structure de propriété et la création de valeur : étude comparative entre l'Euro.NM et le NASDAQ

L'introduction en bourse, en anglais : Initial Public Offering (IPO), est une etape majeure de la vie d'une entreprise. Bien preparee et opportunement decidee, l'introduction permet non seulement de trouver des fonds propres supplementaires et de diversifier les sources de financement de l'entreprise, mais aussi d'acquerir notoriete et credibilite a l'echelle nationale et internationale. La recherche s'inscrit dans un vaste courant de pensee economique qui porte sur le corporate governance. Elle a pour objectif de presenter les introductions en bourse sur les differents segments de l'Euro.NM entre 1997 et 1999 et les compare a des operations similaires realisees sur le NASDAQ. Elle analyse aussi leurs couts qui peuvent etre divises en couts explicites et en couts implicites. Les couts explicites concernent la remuneration des intermediaires financiers, les campagnes de communication, etc. ; ils representent, en regle generale, moins de 1% de la capitalisation boursiere des societes etudiees. La recherche s'interesse particulierement aux couts implicites qui sont lies a la sous-evaluation des titres a l'introduction, c'est-a-dire la difference entre le cours d'equilibre et le prix paye par les investisseurs lors de l'introduction. Les modeles theoriques n'expliquent que tres partiellement l'existence d'une telle sous-evaluation. La these aborde successivement quatre thematiques : (i) la sous-evaluation initiale des introductions en bourse ; (ii) la structure de propriete ; (iii) la liquidite de ces operations et (iv) la performance boursiere a long terme (a trois ans) apres l'introduction en bourse. Nos resultats empiriques confirment et prolongent les resultats obtenus sur les marches anglo-saxons. Ils peuvent se resumer a six points principaux : (1) la sous-evaluation des introductions en bourse sur l'Euro.NM est en moyenne plus forte que celle des operations equivalentes realisees sur le NASDAQ ; (2) les actionnaires d'origine des societes de l'Euro.NM jouent un role plus important dans l'introduction en bourse en proposant plus de titres que ceux du NASDAQ ; (3) les marches financiers ajustent les erreurs d'evaluation des le premier jour de cotation ; (4) la sous-evaluation initiale d'une offre d'introduction peut aider a stabiliser la structure de propriete apres l'introduction : cela signifie que les gros investisseurs sont discrimines dans le processus d'allocation du capital ; (5) une degradation est observee dans la performance des entreprises etudiees du NASDAQ tandis que, sur notre echantillon Euro.NM, on note une performance boursiere a long terme significativement positive ; finalement, (6) il ressort que les entreprises dont " la part detenue " par les actionnaires d'origine dans le capital est la plus importante semblent ne pas presenter de meilleures performances a long terme par rapport aux autres.
Un regard pragmatique sur les controverses publiques.

Derniere livraison de la collection « Raisons pratiques », L'experience des problemes publics, un ouvrage collectif dirige par Daniel Cefai et Cedric Terzi, permet de faire le point sur les usages contemporains de la sociologie pragmatique dans l'etude des controverses publiques. [. ]
The Relationships Between Dose and Antihypertensive Effect of Four AT 1 -receptor Blockers. Differences in Potency and Efficacy

The relationships between dose and antihypertensive effect of the first four available AT 1 -receptor blockers, i.e. losartan, valsartan, irbesartan and candesartan, were assessed based on data obtained from the FDA's evaluation reports of the respective New Drug Application files. All available randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies in adult men and women with mild to moderate primary diastolic hypertension were included, provided that the reduction in trough (24 h post-dose) supine or sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) had been assessed using the intention-to-treat approach. All studies had an initial single-blind placebo run-in period followed by at least 4 weeks double-blind treatment. The selected studies were included in a meta-analysis of the dose-response relationship for each drug. The dose-response relationship was estimated by fitting the placebo-adjusted, weighted mean reductions in DBP for each dose of the drug to an E max model. The E max (maximal effect at an infinitely large dose) for the reduction in DBP, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals in brackets, were found to be 5.6 (3.6-7.5) mmHg for losartan, 5.8 (5.0-6.6) mmHg for valsartan, 6.9 (5.9-7.9) mmHg for irbesartan and 7.5 (6.1-8.9) mmHg for candesartan ( p = 0.014, candesartan vs valsartan). In conclusion, this investigation demonstrates that candesartan can reduce DBP significantly more than valsartan, and is supportive of previous head-to-head comparisons, which have proven candesartan to have a greater antihypertensive effect than losartan at recommended doses. Thus, differences in efficacy between different AT 1 -receptor blockers do exist, and should have implications for the choice of AT 1 -receptor blocker when treating patients with hypertension, considering the importance of good blood pressure control.
¿Integración o apertura comercial? Disparidad de efectos sobre el crecimiento

Este articulo propone una revision critica de la relacion entre integracion y apertura comercial y crecimiento. La disparidad de resultados entre unos estudios y otros obedece, en muchos casos, a la utilizacion indistinta de indicadores asociados a la apertura, fundamentalmente al peso de las exportaciones e importaciones en el producto, y otros asociados al proceso de integracion, que si bien incluyen los anteriores, estan asociados, en mayor medida, a la aplicacion de politicas comerciales. En primer lugar, se realiza un analisis de los antecedentes teoricos, correspondientes, en su mayoria, al siglo XVIII y XIX. En segundo lugar, se recogen aquellos trabajos asociados a la definicion de las politicas de sustitucion de importaciones, que se aplicaron a un gran numero de paises en desarrollo durante las decadas de los 50, 60 y 70. En tercer lugar, se reflejan aquellos estudios que abogan por la orientacion exterior, centrandose en los efectos de las restricciones comerciales en los precios, el papel del entorno macroeconomico y el volumen comercial. Por ultimo, en el marco de los modelos de crecimiento endogeno, se analizan los trabajos que recogen los efectos del comercio sobre el patron de especializacion, la difusion tecnologica y la escala de produccion. El articulo finaliza con unas breves reflexiones.
$\Omega$-Gated Silicon and Strained Silicon Nanowire Array Tunneling FETs

This letter presents experimental results on tunneling field-effect transistors featuring arrays of Ω-gated uniaxially strained and unstrained silicon nanowires. The gate control of a SiO2/poly-Si gate stack is compared with a high-k/metal gate stack. Steep inverse subthreshold slopes down to 76 mV/dec and relatively high on-currents were achieved with the combination of high-k/metal gate and strained silicon nanowires. We observed negative differential conductance in the output characteristics, which we attribute to hot-carrier effects in the strong electric fields at the reverse-biased tunnel junction.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Phospholipase A2 Receptor Gene Are Associated with Genetic Susceptibility to Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

Background: The phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is a major antigen found in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). The relationship of genetic polymorphisms of PLA2R with the susceptibility and clinical outcomes of this disease is unknown. Methods: We studied 199 patients with idiopathic MN followed up for 3.7 ± 3.2 years. We enrolled 33 patients with secondary MN and 356 subjects with normal blood pressure and no proteinuria. PLA2R single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Results: The allele frequencies of C in rs35771982 and G in rs3828323 were 73.6 and 73.9%, respectively. Subjects with the CC genotype in rs35771982 had a higher susceptibility to idiopathic MN compared to subjects with other genotypes (odds ratio 2.6; 95% confidence interval 1.8–4.0). Patients with secondary MN were not different from controls with regard to PLA2R genotype. No impact of genetic polymorphisms on renal survival was detected. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that PLA2R SNPs might be associated with the risk of developing MN.
The Exposure of Children at Athens and the ἐγχυτρίστριαι

The opinion which had already been expressed more than once in earlier publications (see the literature cited by Blumner, Privataltertimer3, p. 77) that, to get rid of undesired children, the Greeks have used to a large extent the expedient of exposing new-born infants has been treated more recently and in a fuller way by Glotz (Dictionnaire des Antiquites, s.v., "Expositio") and has since found general acceptance. After a renewed investigation of the whole problem and the arguments which have been put forward, I have come to the following conclusion: That no fact can be pointed out, nor an utterance cited, as regards the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. which could be used as a proof that the exposure of infants by their parents was a common thing in Athens; that, on the contrary, indications are to be found which justify the drawing of the opposite conclusion. By a coincidence Professor Van Hook has also, as I found out after the writing of my article, devoted a study to the same subject, the results of which have been published in Volume LI of the Transactions of the American Philological Association. His conclusions are so similar to those of the first, more general, part of my article, that in concert with the editor, the publishing of that part in this periodical has been omitted. In the following part a special question, which has been left aside by Professor Van Hook in his study, is investigated. When inquiring into the extent which the phenomenon of the exposure of infants is said to have had at Athens, one meets with a generally adduced fact, which, if it proved to be true, would be capable of silencing all doubt.
An update on treatment of onychomycosis

Onychomycosis (OM) is a fungal infection of the nail plate or nail bed which is highly prevalent in the general population and also responsible for significant morbidity. The condition needs to be treated in view of the physical and emotional handicap it produces. The peculiarities of the nail apparatus in health and disease lead to difficulties in being able to successfully treat this condition. Hence, the very same antifungals which produce high cure rates in skin infections are rendered less efficacious in nail disease. Low cure rates and high relapse rates even with highly efficacious antifungals have lead to an increasing interest in exploring newer treatment options which can ensure drug penetration, drug persistence, mycological cure and effective prevention of relapse. The current review aims to summarize our current status of knowledge about the treatment options for OM. It also summarizes the newer areas of research especially with respect to devices related therapies; physical measures to enhance penetration through nail; and development and evaluation of synergistic combinations.
Bone tissue response following local drug delivery of bisphosphonate through titanium oxide nanotube implants in a rabbit model

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate whether surface chemistry-controlled TiO2 nanotube structures may serve as a local drug delivery system for zoledronic acid improving implant-bone support. METHODS Twenty-four screw-shaped Ti implants with surface chemistry-controlled TiO2 nanotube structures were prepared and divided into a zoledronic acid-formatted test and a native control group. The implants were inserted into contra-lateral femoral condyles in 12 New Zealand White rabbits. Bone support was evaluated using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and removal torque (RTQ), as well as histometric analysis following a 3-weeks healing interval. RESULTS Zoledronic acid-formatted TiO2 nanotube test implants showed significantly improved implant stability and osseointegration measured using RFA and RTQ compared with control (p < 0.05), and showed significantly enhanced new bone formation within the root of the threads compared with control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TiO2 nanotube implants may prove to be a significant delivery system for drugs or biologic agents aimed at supporting local bone formation. Additional study of candidate drugs/agents, optimized dosage and release kinetics is needed prior to evaluation in clinical settings.
A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae : Oxudercinae)

The gobiid subfamily Oxudercinae was revised to assess the monophyletic nature of the subfamily; the intergeneric relationships within the subfamily; the relationships of oxudercines to other gobiid genera; the recognisable species and their distinguishing characters; and the distribution patterns of the subfamily and component taxa. The following results were obtained: (1) The Oxudercinae can be defined on the basis of derived states of certain neurocranial bones and muscles, eye position, nasal flap morphology, the palatine-ectopterygoid arrangement, reduction in size of the premaxillae ascending processes, and in having a single anal fin pterygiophore anterior to the first hemal spine. (2) Within the subfamily, one undefined and nine monophyletic terminal assemblages are recognised, with relationships amongst them based on derived states of various morphological features. These assemblages are recognised at the generic level and one new genus (Zappa) is described; a key to the genera is provided. Thirty four species are recognised of which one (Boleophthalmus birdsongi) is described for the first time. Each species is described in detail and a key is provided for each genus. (3) Two monophyletic assemblages (one comprising three genera, the other seven) are recognised at the tribal level. Defining characters for each tribe are provided and illustrated. (4) Biogeographic analysis indicated that nine of the ten genera are distributed in an area bounded by the Arabian Gulf to the west, southern Japan to the north, northern Australia to the south, and Papua New Guinea to the east. The remaining genus, Periophthalmus, overlaps and exceeds the above limits, ranging from west Africa eastward to Samoa. Species-specific correlations linking Periophthalmus with mangrove distributions are discussed.
Optimizing the Moisture Management Tightrope with Wound Bed Preparation 2015©.

PURPOSE To provide an overview of moisture management and its importance in wound care. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. OBJECTIVES After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:1. Summarize causes and treatments for moisture balance issues of chronic wounds.2. Recognize the properties of dressings used for treatment for moisture management of chronic wounds and antiseptic agent cytotoxicity.3. Explain study findings of the effectiveness of dressing choices for treatment of chronic wounds. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of moisture management and its importance in wound care. The authors evaluate the impact of moisture management for optimal wound care and assess current wound management strategies relating to antisepsis and moist wound healing utilizing the wound bed preparation paradigm 2015 update. The discussion distinguishes the form and function of wound care dressing classes available for optimal moisture management. CONCLUSION Moisture management for chronic wounds is best achieved with modern moist interactive dressings if the wound has the ability to heal.
Rapid face recognition based on single-trial event-related potential detection over multiple brains

The automatic machine face recognition has achieved great performance but is still far from satisfactory in the uncontrolled environments. Human brain has a powerful ability to recognize faces across various conditions, which makes it possible to introduce brain-computer interface (BCI) technology to face recognition. However, the performance of single-participant based BCI suffers from the low signal-to-noise ratio of electroencephalography (EEG) signals, especially detecting the event-related potential (ERP) in single trial. Here, we propose a rapid face recognition approach based on single-trial ERP detection, but the EEG signals are integrated from multiple participants. After the first-layer classifier to detect the ERP of each individual, the support vector machine scores of all individuals are concatenated and inputted to a second-layer classifier by the voting method to obtain the final classification results. The results show that our approach significantly outperforms the single-participant based BCI, and the voting method is superior to the ERP averaging method. In addition, when the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is required to be greater than 0.9, our approach can recognize target faces about 300 ms ahead of button-press responses when integrating EEG signals from 9 participants. These results indicate that our approach can integrate decisions from multiple individuals to achieve rapid and accurate face recognition.
Xenomas in Crassostrea rhizophorae (Ostreidae) from Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil.

50 m 50 m This paper reports the occurrence of xenomas in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) gills. Xenomas are formed when intracellular parasites accumulate within host cells, causing hypertrophy of the cell and its nucleus. In fish, the xenomas are commonly caused by microsporidians (Matos et al., 2003), but in the oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) they are caused by ciliates, genus Sphenophrya (Bower et al., 1994; Winstead et al., 2004; Scarpa et al., 2006). In Brazil, Nascimento et al. (1986) observed such organisms in C. rhizophorae from Todos os Santos Bay (Bahia), but these authors didn’t make reference to xenoma formation. Thus, the present study is the first report of xenomas in C. rhizophorae. A total of 394 oysters were monthly collected between August 2006 and August 2007 in the Maraú Península estuary region (14° 06’ 55”-13° 59’ 92” S and 39° 02’ 83”-38° 59’ 92” W), Camamu Bay (Bahia, Brazil), on roots of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. The oysters were measured (dorso-ventral axis) and shucked. Meat fragments were kept in Davidson’s fixative solution (Shaw and Battle, 1957) for 24-30 hours, and then transferred to 70% ethanol. The material was processed for histology, with paraffin embedding, production of 7 μm thick sections and staining with Harris hematoxilin and Eosin (HE). The sections were examined with light microscopy. The water temperature ranged from 23.5 to 30 °C and the salinity from 15 to 35. The height of the oysters ranged from 2.7 to 10.2 cm and the xenomas occurred in animals measuring between 4.3 to 5.5 cm. The prevalence of xenomas was 2.53% (10/394). As reported in C. virginica (Bower et al., 1994; Winstead et al., 2004; Scarpa et al., 2006), the xenomas of C. rhizophorae were, very probably, caused by ciliates, genus Sphenophrya. The xenomas were formed in the gills epithelium (Figure 1). According to Bower et al. (1994), single Sphenophrya-like ciliates can also be observed attached on palps and possibly on the mantle of oysters. Unlike what has been reported in C. virginica (Scarpa et al., 2006), no macroscopic evi-
Multiband mm-wave transceiver analysis and modeling

As broadband application needs increase above 100 GHz, the performance demands on transceiver designs increase as well. The multiplication structures often found on the transmit side at these higher frequencies bring issues with power control and stability. Higher-order harmonic conversion structures often used on the receive side can have complicated linearity, LO dependence, and de-sense behaviors that are a function of LO waveform processing. These issues will be explored with measured data and modeled results across several topologies in the 60-140 GHz range to study structure dependencies and multiplication order trends.