Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lagged and dormant season climate better predict plant vital rates than climate during the growing season

Understanding the effects of climate on the vital rates (e.g., survival, development, reproduction) and dynamics of natural populations is a long‐standing quest in ecology, with ever‐increasing relevance in the face of climate change. However, linking climate drivers to demographic processes requires identifying the appropriate time windows during which climate influences vital rates. Researchers often do not have access to the long‐term data required to test a large number of windows, and are thus forced to make a priori choices. In this study, we first synthesize the literature to assess current a priori choices employed in studies performed on 104 plant species that link climate drivers with demographic responses. Second, we use a sliding‐window approach to investigate which combination of climate drivers and temporal window have the best predictive ability for vital rates of four perennial plant species that each have over a decade of demographic data (Helianthella quinquenervis, Frasera speciosa, Cylindriopuntia imbricata, and Cryptantha flava). Our literature review shows that most studies consider time windows in only the year preceding the measurement of the vital rate(s) of interest, and focus on annual or growing season temporal scales. In contrast, our sliding‐window analysis shows that in only four out of 13 vital rates the selected climate drivers have time windows that align with, or are similar to, the growing season. For many vital rates, the best window lagged more than 1 year and up to 4 years before the measurement of the vital rate. Our results demonstrate that for the vital rates of these four species, climate drivers that are lagged or outside of the growing season are the norm. Our study suggests that considering climatic predictors that fall outside of the most recent growing season will improve our understanding of how climate affects population dynamics.
Posterior Focal Curettage and Spine Stability Reconstruction by Temporary Pedicle Screw Fixation in Children With Collapsed Vertebrae due to Eosinophilic Granuloma

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of growth-preserving posterior spinal column reconstruction surgery in children with collapsed vertebral eosinophilic granuloma (EG). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 15 confirmed cases of vertebral EG who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from March 2015 to March 2018 in our hospital. The recovery of diseased vertebrae was assessed. Results: The cases were composed of 11 males and 4 females with a mean age of 74.3 ± 38.8 months. Nine cases presented with thoracic vertebral destruction, 6 cases with lumbar vertebral destruction. Under Garg’s classification, 10, 3 and 2 cases were classified as Grade IIA, IB and IIB lesions, respectively. All patients had mild to moderate night-aggravated back pain and recovered at 1-week after surgery. Three patients had Frankel D neurologic symptoms and recovered at 1-week, 1-week and 4-weeks after surgery, respectively. Follow-up time after surgery ranged from 1.9 years to 4.5 years, with a mean of 2.9 years. The median vertebral height at 12 months after surgery was significantly higher than the preoperative height. Furthermore, the vertebral heights of all diseased vertebrae displayed significant recovery trends at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgical treatment. The percentages of vertebral height recovery to references at 12 months after surgery ranged from 34.7% to 92.5%, with an average of 71.2%. Conclusions: In children with collapsed vertebral EGs, active surgical treatment is necessary to retain the ability to restore height and to reconstruct the spine stability.
Modeling Natural Fine Particle Concentrations Using the CMAQ Model with Added Treatments of Reduced Sulfur Compounds

mass as anthropogenic air quality contributions decrease. We have examined natural particle levels using the CMAQ model (version 4.6 with the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) additions used by VISTAS: Morris et al., 2006) by adding reduced sulfur chemistry to both the gas and aqueous chemical components. Gas-phase reactions starting with H
High-Dose Fluvoxamine Augmentation to Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis

Abstract Background Although clozapine is the gold standard for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, more than 30% of patients remain unresponsive to clozapine monotherapy and may benefit from augmentation strategies. Fluvoxamine augmentation of clozapine may be beneficial in treatment resistance because of pharmacokinetic interactions, allowing for lower clozapine dosages with higher clozapine serum levels and an increased clozapine-to-norclozapine ratio, which can modify adverse effects. An augmentation strategy using higher fluvoxamine doses may also improve persistent negative, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms through fluvoxamine's serotonergic activity. Methods Through chart review, we identified 4 cases of patients with treatment-resistant psychosis who underwent high-dose fluvoxamine augmentation of clozapine to target residual negative symptoms, refractory psychosis, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Findings This augmentation strategy continued in 2 patients after discharge who showed clinical improvement without significant adverse effects. Two patients experienced adverse effects that led to the fluvoxamine discontinuation. Despite the fact that fluvoxamine augmentation led to symptom improvement in only 2 patients, all patients achieved high serum clozapine levels. Hematologic parameters were monitored in all patients, and no abnormalities were observed. No severe adverse effects of clozapine were experienced. Conclusions Although high variability of responses and adverse effects were observed during fluvoxamine augmentation to clozapine, this strategy was successful in increasing clozapine serum levels. Through fluvoxamine's serotonergic effects, this strategy may confer benefit to residual negative, obsessive, and anxiety symptoms. Limitations of this case series include the retrospective nature, absence of controls, diversity of diagnoses, multiple interventions in each patient, and lack of masked raters.
Improved biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and photodynamic efficacy using a new photostable sulfonamide bacteriochlorin

The bacteriochlorin-mediated PDT effects on melanoma tumors were investigated in correlation with its biodistribution. The pharmacokinetics of the photostable 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-N-ethylsulfamoylphenyl)bacteriochlorin was determined in DBA mice bearing S91 melanoma tumors at different time intervals (2 h–72 h) after i.p. injection of a 10 mg kg−1 drug dose. PDT efficacy was maximal when irradiation was performed 24 h after i.p. administration, and led to the complete disappearance of tumors for nearly 2 months. Compared to the analogue sulfonated compound, the median tumor growth delay with respect to the control group increased from 27 to 44 days. This improvement is attributed to the higher stability, higher absorption in the NIR, amphiphilicity, and better selectivity of the sulfonamide bacteriochlorin.
Removal of three and hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions using a microalgae biomass‐derived biosorbent

Dry biomass of green microalgae, Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorophyta), was used as a biosorbent to remove Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using batch experiments. The biomass composed of 43.5% protein, 20.2% carbohydrate, and 9.2% lipid. Different functional groups including hydroxyl, amine and sulfoxide were observed in the biosorbent. The equilibrium time for the removal of Cr(III and VI) was 120 min. The maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 6 (98.3%) and pH 1 (47.6%) for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. The kinetics data was better fitted by the pseudo‐second‐order model for both Cr species. The biosorption of Cr(III) was described by the Langmuir and that of Cr(IV) by the Freundlich isotherm models. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum biosorption capacity was 58.47 and 46.51 mg g−1 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. The regeneration of biosorbent was achieved by HNO3 (85%) for Cr(III) and NaOH (60%) solutions for Cr(VI). The application of dry microalgae biomass could be suitable as an alternative technology for the heavy metal removal from wastewater, especially for the small and medium industry. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 949–956, 2015
The need for an integrated pharmacological response to the treatment of HIV/AIDS and depression

ABSTRACT Introduction: The coexistence of depression and HIV infection affects more than 9 million people worldwide. A literature review revealed a large gap regarding the pharmacotherapy of depression among patients dually diagnosed with HIV and depression. Areas covered:In this review, the authors covered the various dimensions of deploying integrated pharmacological treatment of HIV/AIDS and depression. This topic was addressed in two ways; first, the direct results of integrated pharmacotherapy in syndemic patients; second, the indirect effects of the integrated model on other outcomes of HIV care. Expert opinion: An integrated pharmacological response to the treatment of HIV and depression can bring substantial benefits to HIV outcomes and reduce the burden of both diseases. The direct advantages regarding pharmacological response to the treatment of depression along with HIV care are improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy, optimizing pharmacotherapy, minimizing drug interaction, and prevention of additive adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, in some cases, medication can target both depression and other neuropsychiatric or somatic comorbidities among people living with HIV/AIDS. The integrated pharmacotherapy also has some potential indirect advantages on HIV care outcomes like minimizing loss of care, reducing ongoing HIV transmission, and improving the outcomes of both diseases.
Utility of Debulk Specimens During Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND Limited literature exists regarding whether intraoperative analysis of frozen debulk specimens during Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) improves identification of high-risk features (HRF) of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). OBJECTIVE Primary: identification of new HRF on debulk specimens. Secondary: CSCC upstaged after considering debulk data. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven CSCC treated by MMS with intraoperative frozen debulk analysis. Restricted (poor differentiation, new perineural invasion ≥0.1 mm, and Breslow depth >6 mm) and nonrestricted (any worsened tumor differentiation, any new perineural invasion, and Breslow depth >2 mm) analyses were performed. RESULTS In restricted analysis, 3.94% of cases had 1 new HRF on debulk analysis. In nonrestricted analysis, 32.9% of cases had ≥1 new HRF; 7.6% increased by 2 HRF. Approximately 2.0% of cases were upstaged by American Joint Committee on Cancer system, eighth edition criteria, 1.4% by Brigham and Women's Hospital. Tumor size ≥2 cm, male sex, and moderate differentiation on biopsy were significantly associated with new HRF identified on debulk analysis. CONCLUSION Intraoperative frozen debulk analysis can reveal HRF of CSCC not seen on biopsy or MMS stages, particularly among tumors ≥2 cm. American Joint Committee on Cancer system, eighth edition T2 tumors were most likely to be upstaged. Identification of new HRF on debulk analysis can improve CSCC staging and may impact patient treatment and follow-up.
Single, Fixed-Dose Intranasal Ketamine for Alleviation of Acute Suicidal Ideation. An Emergency Department, Trans-Diagnostic Approach: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Trial

Abstract Background Suicidal patients often present to the emergency department, where specific anti-suicidal treatment is lacking. Ketamine, a Glutamate modulator and a rapidly acting antidepressant with anti-suicidal properties, might offer relief. Aims Evaluation of single, fixed-dosed intranasal ketamine for acute suicidal ideation in the emergency department. Methods Between August 2016 and April 2018, 30 eligible suicidal subjects, scheduled for psychiatric hospitalization, independently of their psychiatric diagnosis, were randomized to intranasal ketamine 40 mg or saline placebo. Safety and efficacy evaluations were scheduled for 30, 60, 120 and 240 min post administration and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 21 and 28. Primary outcome was suicidal ideation. Results Fifteen subjects were randomized for each study group. All were analyzed for primary and secondary outcomes. Four hours post administration, the mean difference in suicidal symptoms between the groups, measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) item of suicidal thoughts (MADRS-SI), was 1.267 (95% confident interval 0.1–2.43, p < 0.05) favoring treatment. Remission from suicidal ideation was evident in 80% for the ketamine group compared with 33% for the controls (p < 0.05). The mean difference in depressive symptoms, measured by MADRS, at the same time was 9.75 (95% confident interval 0.72–18.79, p < 0.05) favoring ketamine. Treatment was safe and well-tolerated. Conclusions Single, fixed-dose, intranasal ketamine alleviated suicidal ideation and improved depressive symptoms four hours post administration. We present here an innovative paradigm for emergency department management of suicidal individuals. Future larger-scale studies are warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02183272.
Journal of Reproduction and Development

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and its analogs are used to induce luteolysis in estrus synchronization programs to terminate unwanted pregnancies or to promote ovulation in certain cow subpopulations. In the past few decades, the luteolytic dose of PGF2α has remained unchanged. This review explores the clinical implications of increasing the standard dose for these applications in high-producing dairy cows. Ultrasonography may assist in selecting the most appropriate PGF2α dose and improve the results. A reference has been used for PGF2α for promoting ovulation in herds showing poor reproductive performance.
The value–complexity trade-off for reinforcement learning based brain–computer interfaces

Objective. One of the recent developments in the field of brain–computer interfaces (BCI) is the reinforcement learning (RL) based BCI paradigm, which uses neural error responses as the reward feedback on the agent’s action. While having several advantages over motor imagery based BCI, the reliability of RL-BCI is critically dependent on the decoding accuracy of noisy neural error signals. A principled method is needed to optimally handle this inherent noise under general conditions. Approach. By determining a trade-off between the expected value and the informational cost of policies, the info-RL (IRL) algorithm provides optimal low-complexity policies, which are robust under noisy reward conditions and achieve the maximal obtainable value. In this work we utilize the IRL algorithm to characterize the maximal obtainable value under different noise levels, which in turn is used to extract the optimal robust policy for each noise level. Main results. Our simulation results of a setting with Gaussian noise show that the complexity level of the optimal policy is dependent on the reward magnitude but not on the reward variance, whereas the variance determines whether a lower complexity solution is favorable or not. We show how this analysis can be utilized to select optimal robust policies for an RL-BCI and demonstrate its use on EEG data. Significance. We propose here a principled method to determine the optimal policy complexity of an RL problem with a noisy reward, which we argue is particularly useful for RL-based BCI paradigms. This framework may be used to minimize initial training time and allow for a more dynamic and robust shared control between the agent and the operator under different conditions.
F‐wave parameters and body mass index in carpal tunnel syndrome

Severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) readily lends itself to both clinical and electrophysiological recognition. The uncertainty sometimes is in identifying and quantifying motor involvement in mild and, perhaps, in moderate CTS. Our study aimed to evaluate F responses in mild and moderate CTS and determine the contribution of BMI to the F‐wave parameters.
Spatio-temporal control of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by inducible complementation of a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase mutant

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the second step of the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Arabidopsis reduced epidermal fluorescence 3 (ref3) mutants, which carry hypomorphic mutations in C4H, exhibit global alterations in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and have developmental abnormalities including dwarfing. Here we report the characterization of a conditional Arabidopsis C4H line (ref3-2pOpC4H), in which wild-type C4H is expressed in the ref3-2 background. Expression of C4H in plants with well-developed primary inflorescence stems resulted in restoration of fertility and the production of substantial amounts of lignin, revealing that the developmental window for lignification is remarkably plastic. Following induction of C4H expression in ref3-2pOpC4H, we observed rapid and significant reductions in the levels of numerous metabolites, including several benzoyl and cinnamoyl esters and amino acid conjugates. These atypical conjugates were quickly replaced with their sinapoylated equivalents, suggesting that phenolic esters are subjected to substantial amounts of turnover in wild-type plants. Furthermore, using localized application of dexamethasone to ref3-2pOpC4H, we show that phenylpropanoids are not transported appreciably from their site of synthesis. Finally, we identified a defective Casparian strip diffusion barrier in the ref3-2 mutant root endodermis, which is restored by induction of C4H expression. Highlight The work presented this paper provides evidence of metabolite turnover, plasticity of the developmental window for lignification, and the impact of reduced and restored cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) expression on the Casparian strip.
Neural Basis of Scale Errors in Young Children

ABSTRACT In this study, we examined whether 2-and 3-year-old children exhibited activation in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal regions while engaging in a tool-based scale error task as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Results revealed no significant differences in the prefrontal activation between children who produced scale errors and those who did not. However, we found significant activations of the prefrontal region during scale error sessions compared to free play sessions. Our results do not deny that the activation of prefrontal regions may, at least in part, be associated with children’s scale error.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of carbon-fibre surfaces. Part 4.—The effect of electrochemical treatment in nitric acid

Carbon fibres, electrochemically treated using nitric acid, have been analysed using X.p.s. , F.t. i.r. and s.e. m. Substantial quantities of surface oxide (mainly carbonyl-type oxides) could be produced leading to large topographical changes on the fibre surfaces. The nature of the surface oxide depended upon the potential, the reaction time in solution and the electrolyte concentration. No nitrogen-containing species were found on the surface.
Functional contribution of DCLKs in sea urchin development

Doublecortin‐like kinase1 and 2 (DCLKs) are protein Ser/Thr kinases important for neuronal development. More recently, they are also reported to regulate plasticity such as cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and cancer cells, but the details of their functions in this biological context are still unclear. With an attempt to reveal the functions of DCLKs in plasticity regulation, we here used the sea urchin embryo that undergoes highly regulative development as an experimental model.
Zur Parametrisierung des Gasaustauschs mit Hilfe von Laborexperimenten

In der folgenden Arbeit werden in Laborexperimenten die Mechanismen des Gasaustausches zwischen Atmosphare und Meer untersucht. Dazu wurde erstmals ein ringformiger Wind-Wasser-Kanal eingesetzt, der gegenuber linearen eine Reihe von Vorteilen aufweist. Der Einflus der Zentrifugalkrafte auf die Austauschprozesse erwies sich als gering. Gemessen wurden neben der Gasaustauschrate fur CO2 der Transfer von Warme in Wasser, die Verdunstungsrate, die Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit und mit Hilfe einer optischen Methode Neigungsspektren und mittlere Neigungen der Wasserwellen. Im glatten Fall entspricht die viskose Grenzschicht beiderseits der Wasseroberflache vollig der an einer festen Wand. Das bestatigen die Experimente sowohl durch die absoluten Raten als auch durch die Schmidtzahlabhangigkeit des Gasaustausches von Sc^(-2/3), die unmittelbar aus Kontinuitatsuberlegungen resultiert. Mit dem Auftreten von Kapillarwellen steigen die Transfergeschwindigkeiten der wasserseitig kontrollierten Austauschprozesse stark an. Die Erhohung des Gasaustausches ist besonders gros, da sich gleichzeitig die Schrnidtzahlabhangigkeit auf Sc^(-1/2) andert. Zur Erklarung des hohen Anstiegs reichen die bisherigen theoretischen Vorstellungen eine Grenzschichtdickenvariation durch Kapillarwellen nicht aus. Die Anderung der Schmidtzahlabhangigkeit des Gasaustausches deutet vielmehr an, das durch das Wellenfeld sich ein neuer Mechanismus des turbulenten Transports einstellt. Zur Parametrisierung des Einflusses der Wellen erscheint die mittlere quadratische Neigung der Wellen als geeignete Grose. In Ubereinstimmung mit Laborexperimenten an linearen Wind-Wasser-Kanalen entfaltet sich der Einflus der Kapillarwellen in einem Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeitsbereich von u = 10-30 cm/sec (U10 = 3-8 m/sec). In diesem Bereich steigt der Gasaustausch mit u_*^2 bis u_*^3 an. Bei hoheren Geschwindigkeiten ist der Gasaustausch proportional zu u_*. Das Zusammenwirken von turbulentem Transport und chemischer Reaktion last sich mit genugender Genauigkeit mit dem tau-Modell berechnen.
Risk of fatigue with PARP inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 phase II/III randomized controlled trials

Fatigue was a frequently reported adverse event associated with the use of PARP inhibitors. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to fully investigate the fatigue of PARP inhibitors in cancer patients. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) treated with PARP inhibitors till July 2020. Twenty-nine RCTs and 9479 patients were included. This meta-analysis suggests that the use of PARP inhibitors significantly increase the risk of developing all-grade (RR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.20–1.31; p < 0.00001; I2 = 48%) and high-grade fatigue (RR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.51–2.45; p < 0.00001; I2 = 11%). Veliparib was associated with a relatively lower risk of fatigue. Patients with ovarian cancer tend to be associated with a higher risk of fatigue than those with non-ovarian cancer. Longer duration of therapy was associated with a higher risk of all-grade fatigue. Patients receiving PARP inhibitor monotherapy tends to be associated with a higher risk of all-grade fatigue than those receiving combination treatment.