Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The System That Cried Wolf

Fire alarm and signaling systems are a networked system of fire detectors, fire control units, automated fire extinguishers, and fire notification appliances. Malfunction of these safety-critical cyber-physical systems may lead to chaotic evacuations, property damage, and even loss of human life. Therefore, reliability is one of the most crucial factors for fire detectors. Indeed, even a single report of a fire cannot be ignored, considering the importance of early fire detection and suppression. In this article, we show that wide-area smoke detectors, which are globally installed in critical infrastructures such as airports, sports facilities, and auditoriums, have significant vulnerabilities in terms of reliability; one can remotely and stealthily induce false fire alarms and suppress real fire alarms with a minimal attacker capability using simple equipment. The practicality and generalizability of these vulnerabilities has been assessed based on the demonstration of two types of sensor attacks on two commercial off-the-shelf optical beam smoke detectors from different manufacturers. Further, the practical considerations of building stealthy attack equipment has been analyzed, and an extensive survey of almost all optical beam smoke detectors on the market has been conducted. In addition, we show that the current standards of the fire alarm network connecting the detector and a control unit exacerbate the problem, making it impossible or very difficult to mitigate the threats we found. Finally, we discuss hardware- and software-based possible countermeasures for both wide-area smoke detectors and the fire alarm network; the effectiveness of one of the countermeasures is experimentally evaluated.
HYBRIDIZATION APPROACH TO ELIMINATE SPARSE DATA BASED ON NONNEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION & DEEP LEARNING

E-commerce company delivered product information to customer or customer candidate trough web portal. There is basic mechanism which a system has belong responsible to calculate and predict information that suitable to customers or customers candidate interested namely recommender system. Most successful approach to calculate customer/user interest are based on collaborative filtering. This approach relies on rating from customers to products or items as a basic approach aims calculate similarity of users responds about items to produce recommendation. In fact, just a little number of customers who giving the rating approximately less than 1 percent from all customer population in datasets. It’s a reason of rising sparse data. In this research used 2 technical approach to deal with sparse data consist Non-Negative Matrix factorization to reduce dimensional reduction and involve deep learning to compute latent factor in a part of users, item and rating. This research consider dataset from MovieLens, many researchers believe to conduct experiment their approach algorithm to increase better performance. Final experiment we used RME (Root Mean Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) to measure accuracy of result experiment and according the result, our approach has obtained good result to reduce missing value.
The effect of frequency and time of cutting on the production and quality of a barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) dominant pasture

A grazing experiment on a barley grass (Hordeum leporium Link) dominant pasture at Deniliquin, New South Wales, was carried out from May to November 1964. Monthly grazing of this pasture resulted in a greater dry matter yield of both green and total barley grass, and of crude protein, than when grazing occurred less frequently. The greatest stimulus to production was achieved when grazing occurred in August or September when the plants were approaching flowering. Rat's-tail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel), the other main component of the pasture, was not stimulated to greater total dry matter production by increasing the frequency of grazing. However, significantly more green fescue was harvested from areas grazed most frequently. The quality of both species, as estimated by nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of barley grass and nitrogen content of fescue, was higher late in the season on the monthly grazed areas than on areas grazed less frequently.
Relationships between shoot to root ratio, growth and leaf soluble protein concentration of Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum under different nutrient deficiencies

Relations between shoot to root dry weight ratio (S : R), total plant dry weight (DW), shoot and plant N concentration and leaf soluble protein concentration were examined for pea (Pisum sativum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different nutrient deficiencies. A regression model incorporating leaf soluble protein concentration and plant DW could explain greater than 80% of the variation in S : R within and between treatments for pea supplied different concentrations of NO 3 - or NH 4 + in solid substrate; pea and bean supplied different concentrations of N, P, K and Mg in liquid culture; and wheat supplied different concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, Ca and S in liquid culture. Addition of shoot or plant N concentration to the model explained little more of the variation in S : R. It is concluded that results are consistent with the proposal that macronutrient effects on S : R are primarily mediated through their effects on protein synthesis and growth.
Aggression Between Wild and Laboratory-Reared Sterile Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly in A Natural Habitat (Diptera: Tephritidae)

LI, Z. , AND R. A. HUMBER 1984. Erynia pieris (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), a new pathogen of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): description, host range and notes on Erynia virescens. Canadian J. of Botany 62: 653-663. LIN, J.-S. , AND J. D. HARPER 1984. Isolation and culture of Entomophthora gammae, a fungal parasite of noctuid larvae. Florida Entomol. 67: 245-250. OSBORNE, L. S. , AND Z. LANDA. 1992. Biological control of whiteflies with entomopathogenic fungi. Florida Entomol. 75: 456-471. SANCHEZ-PERA, S. R. 1997. Actividad de cepas nativas de hongos entomopat6genos y del producto MycotrolTM contra mosca blanca en invernadero, pp. 76-78 in Proceedings of the XX Congreso Nacional de Control Biol6gico. Sociedad Mexicana de Control Biol6gico, Guadalajara, Jalisco. SANCHEZ-PERA, S. R. , AND G. VAZQUEZ-JAIME. 1996. Mortalidad acumulada tras aplicaciones sucesivas de tres hongos entomopat6genos sobre ninfas de mosca blanca, pp. 23-25 in Proceedings of the XIX Congreso Nacional de Control Biol6gico. Sociedad Mexicana de Control Biol6gico, Culiacan, Sinaloa. SILVIE, P., AND B. PAPIEROK. 1991. Les ennemis naturels d' insectes du cottonier au Tchad: premieres donn6es sur les champignons de 1' ordre des Entomophthorales. Cotton et Fibres Tropicales 46: 293-308. STEINKRAUS, D. C. , A. J. MUELLER, AND R. A. HUMBER 1993. Furia virescens (Thaxter) Humber (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae) infections in the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Arkansas with notes on other natural enemies. J. Entomol. Sci. 28: 376-386. STEINKRAUS, D. C. , J. B. OLIVER, R. A. HUMBER, AND M. J. GAYLOR. 1998. Mycosis of bandedwinged whitefly (Trialeurodes abutilonea) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) caused by Orthomyces aleyrodis gen. & sp.nov. (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 72: 1-8. WRAIGHT, S. P., S. GALAINI-WRAIGHT, R. I. CARRUTHERS, AND D. W. ROBERTS. 1986. Field transmission of Erynia radicans to Empoasca leafhoppers in alfalfa following application of a dry, mycelial preparation, p.223 in R. A. Samson, J. M. Vlak, and D. Peters [eds.] Fundamental and applied aspects of Invertebrate Pathology. Proc. IV Int. Colloq. of Invertebrate Pathology. Wageninen, The Netherlands. 560 pp.
Body Weight Loss as an Indicator of Breast Cancer Recurrence

Body weight loss (BWL), a major prognostic factor in breast cancer, was included as a parameter to be monitored in the recent breast cancer surveillance guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. The aim of this work was prospectively to evaluate BWL as an indicator of breast cancer recurrence. Body weight was measured every 2 months for 10.4 - 3.7 (SD) months in 109 disease-free breast cancer patients in stage II node-positive and stage III disease. The correlation between unexplained BWL and recurrence was studied. Attempts were made to define the limits in weight variations among disease-free patients beyond which recurrence could be suspected. Unexplained BWL was observed in 16/19 (84%) patients developing recurrence, versus 9 90 (10%) patients remaining disease-free. There was a significant (p < 0.001) correlation between BWL and recurrence. BWL anticipated the diagnosis of recurrence by 6 (range 4-12) months. Based on the average percentage weight variation - 2 SD (95% confidence interval) of the disease-free group, the limits for BWL beyond which recurrence could be suspected were a 5.8% decrease in the last 6 months, 3.6% in the last 2 months or 3.0% of the patient's mean weight. However, because of the large variation in the amplitude of individual weight oscillations among disease-free patients (from < 0.5% to > 5.9% of the mean weight), individual limits derived from the patient's own body weight curve seemed more reliable. The results suggest that unexplained BWL is a valuable indicator of incipient breast cancer recurrence. Careful monitoring of body weight in breast cancer patients during follow-up is encouraged.
a2-Adrenoreceptor antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition in patients with Parkinson disease and depression

Our objective was to evaluate the antidepressive effect of combined treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and an a2-adrenoreceptor antagonist in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and depression. Patients were treated with citalopram and mianserin in an 8-week, open-label trial. Outcome variables were the Melancholia Scale (MES), the Montgomery & AÍ sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Clinical Global Impression of change (CGI). Twelve subjects were included, and 11 (92%) completed the 8-week study. The MES score improved from 19.2 (9.0) to 6.1 (5.2) (PB0.005). This improvement was signi® cantly more pronounced than that found in a recent study of citalopram alone in depressed PD patients (PB0.005). Eleven subjects (92%) had at least 50% reduction of the MADRS score, and six subjects (55%) were rated as `̀ markedly improved’ ’ or `̀ very much improved’ ’ (CGI) after 8 weeks. A slight worsening of parkinsonism was observed in four subjects. Side-effects were mild, and most common were dry mouth, salivation, orthostatic dizziness, and sedation. No patients withdrew due to side-effects. In conclusion, the combined treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and an a2-adrenoreceptor antagonist is useful for patients with PD and depression, and this combination seems to be more effective than citalopram alone. · Citalopram, Depression, Mianserin, Parkinson disease, Treatment.
The heterothallic life cycle of Agaricus bisporus var. burnettii and the inheritance of its tetrasporic trait

Abstract Kerrigan, R. W. , Imbernon, M. , Callac, P., Billette, C. , And Olivier, J.-M. 1994. The heterothallic life cycle of Agaricus bisporus var. burnettii and the inheritance of its tetrasporic trait. Experimental Mycology 18, 193-210. The new taxon Agaricus bisporus var. burnettii was recently proposed for a tetrasporic population of the species discovered in California. This tetrasporic variety is interfertile with the familiar bisporic variety of the species. In the present study we determined the heritability of parental basidial morphologies in 91 first-generation intervarietal hybrids descended from either of two genetically distinct strains of var. burnettii . Large samples of basidiospore offspring of one of these parental var. burnettii strains, and of one of the first-generation intervarietal hybrids, were evaluated with respect to their ploidy (n vs n + n). The life cycle of var. burnettii was deduced and the mating type alleles of the two var. burnettii parents stocks were determined. We found that: (1) The life cycle of this variety, of which more than 90% of the basidia were four-spored, was predominantly heterothallic. About 90% of the basidiospores were homokaryotic. (2) Its incompatibility system was unifactorial. Four different, previously unknown mating type alleles were found. (3) The tetrasporic trait was always transmitted to first-generation hybrids between bisporic and tetrasporic varieties. Of 91 intervarietal hybrids, 88 had a majority of four-spored basidia while 3 had predominantly three-spored basidia, and none had more than a small percentage of bisporic basidia. (4) The basidiospore offspring of these hybrids germinated normally, producing a high percentage of homokaryons. For one hybrid sporocarp this percentage was estimated at 77% by three methods (growth rate, mating competence, and multilocus allozyme genotype) which generally agreed with one another. These data shed new light on the genetics of A. bisporus and will be useful in related breeding work.
Sex differences in schizophrenia: A review

During the past decade schizophrenia research has emphasized the importance of sex differences. Most studies have found that lifetime risk of schizophrenia has been equally common in both sexes. Men develop schizophrenia 3-4 years earlier than women, regardless of culture, but late-onset schizophrenia has been found to be commoner in women. Women more often have a favorable course of schizophrenia than men: they experience fewer and shorter hospitalizations, survive longer in the community, and also have better social functioning. Men more often have chronic and more severe forms of schizophrenia, they have negative symptoms more often, and their doses of neuroleptic medication are higher. Men with schizophrenia tend to have more central nervous system abnormalities than women. In the future it is important to study factors that have been observed in sex differences, heredity, and brain physiology as they relate to schizophrenia. Sex differences as they relate to treatment programs are important both from a scientific perspective and from a practical point of view.
Empirical weighting of the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination items among nursing home residents

Missing items in the Mini Mental State examination are dealt with in different ways. The main aims of this study were to calculate a weighted item score for organic disorder on the basis of the item score of the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE) test regardless of the completeness of the test and to compare the criterion validity of the weighted scores with the ordinal scores for the SMMSE test. With a participation of 91%, the study included 100 nursing residents. All residents were tested with the SMMSE test and concurrently diagnosed in accordance with the ICD-10 by a consultant psychiatrist. The two assessments were mutually blinded. Multiple conditional forward logistic regression was used to select the items that most strongly predicted organic disorder as assessed by the psychiatrist. The weighted score had significantly better validity parameters, performed better on a receiver operating curve (ROC), and was better at dichotomizing the population into organic disorder than the commonly used ordinal score. We propose that missing items in the SMMSE should be scored as missing and included in empirical weighting on SMMSE items, which will then be substantially more valid than the SMMSE score itself.
Tri and tetra-chloroveratrole, metabolites produced by bacterial O-methylation of tri- and tetra-chloroguaiacol: an assessment of their bioconcentration potential and their effects on fish reproduction

We have demonstrated that strains of bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter possessed the ability to transform, by O-methylation, components of spent bleachery effluent such as 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol and high molecular weight chlorinated lignin. O-Methylation could be enhanced by the presence of a cosubstrate such as succinate or 4-hydroxybenzoate. We have used zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) to examine bioconcentration potential, toxicity to embryos and larvae, and the sensitivity of the offspring of exposed adults. Bioconcentration factors (total wet weight) on a logarithmic scale were 3.5 and 4.4 for 3,4,5-trichloroveratrole and tetrachloroveratrole, respectively. The potential for bioconcentration of the other neutral metabolites was inferred from estimated values of the octanol–water partition coefficients. 3,4,5-Trichloroveratrole, tetrachloroveratrole, pentachloroanisole, and 1,2,3-trichloro-4,5,6-trimethoxybenzene had threshold toxic concentrations to zebra fish embryos and.
ARTIFICIAL SURFACTANTS BASED ON ANALOGUES OF SP-B AND SP-C

The hydrophobic proteins SP-B and SP-C are important components of natural surfactant preparations currently used in clinical practice, and physiologically active surfactants can be made from isolated SP-B and/or SP-C reconstituted with synthetic lipids. Efforts have been made to produce these polypeptides, or analogues with similar function, by organic synthesis or expression in heterologous systems. It is important to obtain proper folding of the synthetic peptides, as required for optimal interaction with the surfactant lipids. Another issue is to avoid loss of SP-C activity due to f -helix to g -sheet transition. This latter problem can be circumvented by replacing the polyvaline stretch of SP-C with a polyleucine stretch containing a few lysines. Palmitoylation of cysteines or serines at positions 5 and 6 also seems important for the properties of SP-C. SP-B, which is too big a molecule to be easily produced by organic synthesis, apparently can be replaced in an artificial surfactant by a peptide capable of cross-linking phospholipid bilayers. The development of synthetic analogues of the surfactant proteins might make it possible to tailor artificial surfactants for specific therapeutic missions, for instance by enhancing resistance to inactivation by meconium, plasma proteins, or oxygen radicals or maximizing bacteriostatic effects.
Rheumatoid factors from patients with rheumatoid arthritis react with Des‐Lys58 ‐β2m, modified β2‐microglobulin

Ten polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) preparations, affinity‐purified from IgG columns, from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied for their ELISA reactivity with native β2m in parallel with Lys58‐cleaved β2m and Des‐Lys58‐β2m, the latter representing cleavage products of the native molecule present in some pathologic human sera. Most RF showed positive reactions with the native form of β2m but reduced reactivity for the cleaved forms of β2m. Reactions between cleaved β2m and RF, in solution, were demonstrated by inhibition of RF binding to native β2m by prcincubation with a range of concentrations of Dcs‐Lys58‐β2m. By contrast, eight of nine murine MoAbs to human β2m showed approximately equivalent binding to native β2m, Lys58‐cleaved β2m, and Des‐Lys58‐β2m. Reactions between individual human RF and the altered forms of β2m (Lys58‐cleaved β2m and Des‐Lys58‐β2m) appeared to parallel the previously determined β2m single ammo acid specificities, in that RF’ showing strong reactivity with Lysine 58 also showed a significant diminished reactivity with the Des‐Lys58‐β2m lacking the critical lysine residue. The present studies demonstrate that while human RF react with Lys58‐cleaved β2m or Des‐Lys58‐β2m, preferential reactivity is observed for native unaltered β2m.
In vivo evaluation of submicron emulsions with pilocarpine: the effect of pH and chemical form of the drug

Submicron emulsions containing 2.0% w/v pilocarpine as pilocarpine HCl, soybean oil (10% w/v) and egg lecithin (1.2% w/v) were formulated. Emulsions at pH 5.0, 6.5 and 8.5 were applied to the rabbit ’ s eye, and the reduction in pupil diameter was measured for 6 h. The miotic e å ect was compared with that obtained with aqueous solutions at the same pH. A prolonged miotic e å ect was observed when the submicron emulsion was used as a vehicle. After application of emulsions at pH 5.0, 6.5 or 8.5, the time when 20% reduction of pupil diameter was still observed was 3:9 § 1:1 h, 4:3 § 1:3 h and 5:3 § 0:8 h, respectively, while, after application of a solution, this parameter was shorter by 30– 40%. AUC0-6h values were larger after application of the submicron emulsions in comparison to aqueous solutions; however, statistically signi cant diå erences were only observed for emulsions at pH 6.5. Although the bioavailability of the drug is pH dependent, emulsions at higher pH cannot be considered for clinical use because of pilocarpine degradation which occurs with a similar rate as in aqueous solutions. Introduction of pilocarpine into the oily phase in the form of pilocarpine base or its oleate did not improve either the physicochemical or the pharmacological properties of the formulations. Irrespective of the pH and chemical form of pilocarpine used for emulsion preparation, practically all drug was found in the aqueous phase of the emulsion; thus, partitioning to the oily phase was negligible.
Tiller axis observations for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea): Number of active phytomers, probability of tiller appearance, and frequency of root appearance per phytomer for three cutting heights

Abstract Counts of phytomers in various developmental stages from formation at the apical meristem to senescence following root formation and death are presented for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Total number of active phytomers on tiller axes averaged 18.7 for perennial ryegrass and 16.3 for tall fescue (P < 0.05) and decreased with increasing cutting height (P < 0.05). Ryegrass maintained more primordia than tall fescue between the apical meristem and the emerging leaf, but had fewer fully emerged live leaves per tiller. Numbers of tillers and roots formed per phytomer are reported as nodal probabilities and nodal frequencies, respectively. The nodal probability of daughter tiller formation Tn varied over time from 0 to 0.7, and was highest when swards had a low leaf area index shortly after establishment. Nodal frequency of root formation Rn was relatively constant at around 1.5 per phytomer for both ryegrass and tall fescue. The first root was most commonly found at the phytomer immediately belo.
Microspheres of alginate-chitosan containing isoniazid

Isoniazid was encapsulated into microspheres of alginate-chitosan by means of a complex coacervation method in an emulsion system. Since the encapsulation of isoniazid tends to be limited by its hydrophilic characteristics, this study proposes its microencapsulation by adsorption. The particles were prepared in three steps: (1) preparation of a W/O emulsion; (2) phase separation; and (3) adsorption of the drug. The isolated particles were placed in a solution of the drug under stirring to allow adsorption. The morphology and particle size were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The isoniazid content was determined by extraction in 1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5 under stirring for 4 h. Finally, the samples were filtered and analysed in an UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 260 nm. In vitro release tests were carried out in 0.05 m phosphate buffer pH 7.5. The results showed that microspheres of alginate-chitosan obtained were of spherical shape. The emulsion used for microparticle formation allows the preparation of particles with a narrow size distribution. The adsorption observed is probably of chemical nature, i.e. there is an ionic interaction between the drug and the surface of the particles.