Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse soft-tissue reactions around non-metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty - a systematic review of the literature.

UNLABELLED Adverse local soft-tissue reactions have been associated with severe osteolysis and implant failure in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (THA). Such a causal relationship has not often been associated with non metal-on-metal bearing surfaces. The purpose of this study was to assess the literature for cases of adverse soft-tissue reactions in non-metal-on-metal bearings in order to determine if a consistent histological diagnosis existed and if it was bearing-specific. METHODS A systematic review was performed in Medline and Embase databases, utilizing keyword searches to target reports of soft tissue complications following THA. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to retrieved studies in order to ensure that analyzed papers involved non-metal-on-metal bearing surfaces, had a final histological diagnosis, and had no previous history of periprosthetic infection or neoplastic process. Presenting symptoms, diagnostic work-up, histological diagnosis, and operative treatment were recorded for all reports retained for analysis. RESULTS Twenty-seven reports representing 31 cases of adverse soft-tissue reactions for non-metal-on-metal THAs met the criteria for analysis. In the majority of cases, patients presented with painful, limited motion in the affected hip, and radiological evidence of severe osteolysis. Histological examination often revealed a cystic mass, denoted by a granulomatous reaction comprised of histiocytes and giant cells, but few plasma cells. Revision of loose components was the most common successful therapeutic strategy utilized. CONCLUSION The present analysis revealed that similar adverse soft-tissue reactions have been described for both metal-on-polyethylene and ceramic bearing surfaces. When encountering such reactions in patients, a comprehensive diagnostic workup, including computed tomography (CT) scanning, lesion biopsy, and revision planning to alternate bearing surfaces should be considered.
Assessing the Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Revenue Efficiency: Evidence from Malaysian Banking Sector

The article attempts to examine the effect of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on Malaysian banks’ revenue efficiency. The data gathered in this study are divided into two event windows: the pre-merger (1995–1996) and post-merger (2002–2009) periods. The sample selected for this study comprised 34 commercial banks, including the control group of banks. We employ the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to measure the efficiency of Malaysian banks during both the pre- and post-merger periods. The results indicate that the Malaysian banks’ revenue efficiency has not significantly improved during the post-merger compared to the pre-merger period.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) of business organizations in Niger State, Nigeria: An Islamic perspective

This paper examined an Islamic perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of business organizations in Niger State, Nigeria. The study was conducted in Minna, Suleja, Kontagora and Bida towns of Niger State, Nigeria. Multi-stage and random sampling techniques were used in selecting 1,600 respondents of the study using staff of business organizations, investors, consumers and some people in the society. Information was gathered using primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were used to elicit information and were validated by experts. The data generated from the survey were subjected to descriptive analyses. The findings revealed that Islamic socio-economic rules and regulations have influence on corporate social responsibility to investors [x2 (4) = 3529.65; p<0.001]; to customers [x2 (4) = 4075.69; p<0.001], to employees [x2 (4) = 4236.19; p<0.001] and to society = [x2 (4) = 4265.19; p<0.001]. The study concluded that Islamic socio-economic system has influence on corporate social responsibility in Niger State, Nigeria. Key words: Nigeria, Niger State, Islamic, corporate social responsibility, customers, investors, employees, society.
Rule 14a-11 and the Administrative Procedure Act: It's Better to Have Had and Waived, than Never to Have Had at All

A dramatic sequence of events starting in the summer of 2007 caused the United States’ banking and financial systems to collapse and thrust the country into the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. It was not just one thing, but a confluence of factors that led to the collapse and the resultant crisis. Of particular note, though, commentators have pointed to risky lending coupled with inadequate personal savings, collateralized debt obligations backed by subprime mortgages, and flawed economic and monetary policy as the driving forces of the crisis. But the causes of the crisis were not solely the underlying fundamentals of the market, but also its participants. To be sure, chief executive officers and other corporate and institutional managers, whose recklessness and excessive risk taking allowed the crisis to burgeon, have taken the brunt of the criticism. Commentators, however, have also attacked boards of directors - tasked with overseeing some of the United States’ largest corporations - for failing to monitor closely the immoderation of corporate officers, and thereby letting down the shareholders of U.S. corporations. In response, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted Rule 14a-11 on August 25, 2010, which, in a limited manner, opens up a corporation’s proxy statement to its shareholders to nominate their own directors for the board. Rule 14a-11, as adopted by the SEC, is a sensible and appropriate response to the status quo in U.S. corporate law. In promulgating Rule 14a-11, the SEC soundly explained its rationale for proposing the Rule and, in effect, satisfied the arbitrary and capricious standard under the Administrative Procedure Act. Nevertheless, to partially negate some scholars’ concerns over the Rule’s mandatory proxy access, the SEC should amend and adopt parameters within which shareholders could tailor proxy access to a level that is appropriate for their respective corporations.
Outsourcing At-home Elderly Care and Female Labor Supply: Micro-level Evidence from Japan's Unique Experience

This is the first study to take advantage of Japan's public long-term care insurance as a unique and natural experiment to evaluate how outsourcing long-term care spurs female labor supply. We utilize our unusual and rich panel data from households with an elderly person who needs care and who became eligible to use care services through the public insurance after 2000, and those who are not eligible to use care service. Our empirical results based on the difference-in-difference estimates demonstrate that the stimulating effect of the public elderly care insurance on female labor supply was observed only for households with a less-needy care receiver in care-level 1 in FY 2001, one and a half years after the initiation. However, we clearly find a large and positive effect on the female labor supply in households in FY 2002, two and a half years after the implementation. The new public scheme enhanced the probability of being employed by 30 percent to 60 percent, working days per week by 40 percent to 60 percent and working hours per day by 50 percent to 70 percent.
DUAL ACTIONS OF MORPHINE ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: PARALLEL ACTIONS OF β‐ENDORPHIN AND ACTH

In the studies described above, the intracerebral microinjection technique was used to study the actions of morphine at morphine-sensitive sites, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the midbrain reticular formation (MRF). In the PAG, morphine exerted dual actions: inhibitory and excitatory. In the MRF, morphine exerted an excitatory action only, indicating that the dual actions of morphine are dissociable and site specific. Following microinjection into the PAG, beta-endorphin exerted an inhibitory, and ACTH an excitatory, action, i.e., each duplicated one of morphine's dual actions. These results indicated that receptors for the endogenously occurring peptides, beta-endorphin and ACTH, may play a role in morphine's potent pharmacological actions. Although these studies do not shed direct light on the physiological role of these neuropeptides and their receptors, nor on their potential roles in the functional regulation of brain (especially in diseased mental states), it may be permissible to offer some speculations. We previously proposed that beta-endorphin may be an endogenous antipsychotogen, and that a deficiency in brain beta-endorphin may underlie some forms of psychopathology. In view of beta-endorphin's biosynthetic link to ACTH, and the behavioral effects of beta-endorphin (sedated immobility) that was found to be opposite in kind to those of ACTH (fearful hyperreactivity) following administration into brain, it is possible that these two neuropeptides may have regulatory roles in maintaining a functional balance in brain. (It may be speculated that these biosynthetically linked neuropeptides served survival functions of "flight" and "freeze" in our evolutionary ancestors.) An imbalance in the bioavailability of either of the two neuropeptides, e.g., a deficiency of beta-endorphin or an excess of ACTH (perhaps due to the lack of the specific enzymes that cleave these peptides from their parent prohormone) may be an etiological factor in some forms of chronic functional disorders of the brain.
Reverse logistics : quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains

1 A Framework for Reverse Logistics. - 2 Quantitative Models for Reverse Logistics Decision Making. - 3 Managing Product Returns: The Role of Forecasting. - 4 Reverse Logistics Network Design. - 5 Collection and Vehicle Routing Issues in Reverse Logistics. - 6 Product Returns: Handling and Warehousing Issues. - 7 Lot Sizing Decisions in Product Recovery Management. - 8 Stochastic Inventory Control for Product Recovery. - 9 Managing Dynamic Product Recovery. - 10 Production Planning for Product Recovery Management. - 11 Valuation of Inventories in Product Recovery Systems. - 12 Coordination in Closed-Loop Supply Chains. - 13 Long-term Analysis of Closed-loop Supply Chains. - 14 LCA for Evaluating End-of-life Options of Spent Products. - 15 Models for Eco-eco Closed-loop Supply Chain Optimization. - 16 ICT Enabling Reverse Logistics. - Append. - Notation. - References.
Particularities of Balanced Scorecard frameworks relating to specific supply chain roles Antônio

The objective of this article is to identify particularities of Balanced Scorecard frameworks relating to specific supply chain roles. Four independent samples of Brazilian input suppliers, producers, distributors and retailers were formed. Each company was asked to indicate which performance indicators they used through a questionnaire which presented a list composed by forty-nine performance indicators divided into the four traditional perspectives. Percentages were used to identify the performance indicators use patterns and two value references (upper quartiles and estimated percentages) were used to identify the performance indicators’ set for the supply chain roles considered. According to the results presented, the group of eligible performance indicators relating to Balanced Scorecard frameworks for specific supply chain roles changes its composition significantly as different selection criteria area applied. The results also suggest that the Balanced Scorecard approach for supply chain performance measurement should consider both common and specific metrics for supply chain roles.
Adaptive simplification and the evolution of gecko locomotion: Morphological and biomechanical consequences of losing adhesion

Significance The gecko adhesive system has garnered considerable interest from scientists over the past several decades. Most research has focused on the function and microanatomy of the adhesive system. However, it is currently unclear what impact the secondary loss or simplification of the adhesive system might have on the evolutionary biomechanics of gecko locomotion, which is critical for pinpointing the constraints that accompany such an innovation, and ultimately the release from these constraints. We found that geckos exhibit elevated rates of morphological and kinematic evolution when their adhesive system is lost/simplified, providing evidence that the loss of an innovation can have profound evolutionary impacts on organismal structural and functional divergence Innovations permit the diversification of lineages, but they may also impose functional constraints on behaviors such as locomotion. Thus, it is not surprising that secondary simplification of novel locomotory traits has occurred several times among vertebrates and could potentially lead to exceptional divergence when constraints are relaxed. For example, the gecko adhesive system is a remarkable innovation that permits locomotion on surfaces unavailable to other animals, but has been lost or simplified in species that have reverted to a terrestrial lifestyle. We examined the functional and morphological consequences of this adaptive simplification in the Pachydactylus radiation of geckos, which exhibits multiple unambiguous losses or bouts of simplification of the adhesive system. We found that the rates of morphological and 3D locomotor kinematic evolution are elevated in those species that have simplified or lost adhesive capabilities. This finding suggests that the constraints associated with adhesion have been circumvented, permitting these species to either run faster or burrow. The association between a terrestrial lifestyle and the loss/reduction of adhesion suggests a direct link between morphology, biomechanics, and ecology.
Dimensions of the Internationalization-Performance Relationship： Applied to Euronext 1 O0 Multinationals

In spite of the extensive literature regarding the relationship between corporate internationalization and performance, questions still remain due to conflicting empirical results. Is this due to the diversity of the conceptualization of international profile? The results of statistical non-parametric tests obtained from a sample of 68 Euronext 100 companies over the period 2005-2009 point to a different relationship, between internationalization and performance, depending on whether the extent of international activities or their dispersion is considered.
The Hedonic Nature of Wine Tourism Consumption: An Experiential View

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use the experiential view of consumption to better understand the nature of the motivations of the wine tourist in a congested wine region environment. It also aims to determine the impact of travel antecedents such as the perceived characteristics of the wine region, information sources utilised, and previous knowledge of the region and its products on the destination decision-making process and ultimately the visitation motivations.Design/methodology/approach – Information is obtained from a random sample of 304 respondents from 12 wineries representing all size groups situated on the Paarl Wine Route (PWR) in South Africa. Data are collected through the use of a self-administered, highly structured questionnaire, self-completed by respondents at each of the winery cellar door venues.Findings – The most important characteristic of the entire winescape is the region’s scenic beauty. Other high impact characteristics are the friendly people and their hospitality, overall ambience and the diversity of wine estates. These factors point to hedonic behaviour in a highly social context and primarily a search for enjoyment/pleasure, mainly by first-time visitors. The dynamic of first-time and repeat visitation plays a key role in visitors’ wine tourism behaviour. The decision to engage in wine tourism is generally impulsive, even spurious, the visit duration short and the motivations guiding the visitors’ behaviour predominantly hedonic in nature.Research limitations/implications – The impact of the natural landscape underlines the premise that an experiential research approach can yield valuable insights and sheds new light on the fact that a memorable experience for a wine tourist does not only evolve inside the winery’s cellar door. In the process it exposits what could be unique selling points for marketing differently positioned wine regions.Originality/value – This study is of value to academic researchers, travel and accommodation providers and wine industry practitioners alike as it highlights important aspects of wine tourism behaviour with regard to the actual (underlying) motivations that drive them to visit cellar doors in awine region.
Characteristics of Sperm Motility Induced on the Egg-Jelly in the Internal Fertilization of the Newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster

Abstract Most urodeles undergo internal fertilization and sperm are directly inseminated onto the surface of egg-jelly. Feature of sperm motility induced on the egg-jelly was examined in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. When sperm were directly inseminated onto an egg-jelly, sperm motility was immediately induced on its surface. The egg-jelly of C. pyrrhogaster was composed of six sublayers that were added by turns in oviduct. When the eggs with various sets of the sublayers were obtained and sperm were inseminated onto the egg-jelly, the immediate activity for the initiation of sperm motility was observed only on the outermost sublayer. Similarly, the immediate initiation of sperm motility was induced in the sperm suspended in the extract of the egg-jelly (JE). The initiation of sperm motility was affected by the external pH, and the motility was activated in the moving sperm. A K+-channel antagonist, charybdotoxin (CTX), or a Ca2+-channel antagonist, gallopamil inhibited the initiation of sperm motility in a dose dependent manner. These results demonstrated the feature of the mechanism regulating sperm motility under stable surroundings in the internal fertilization of amphibians.
Androgen Receptor Phosphorylation

textabstractMany physiological processes in organisms are regulated by a relatively small number of steroid honnones. Androgens are the so-called male sex steroid hormones which control growth, differentiation and functions of male reproductive and accessory sex tissues. Androgens are mainly produced in the testis and circulate in the blood. They diffuse in and out of all cells, but are retained with high affinity and specificity in target cells by an intranuclear binding protein, termed the androgen receptor. Once bound by androgens, the androgen receptor undergoes a conformational change allowing the receptor to bind with high affinity to DNA and to modulate transcription of certain genes. The androgen receptor appears to be a transcription factor, regulated by androgenic steroids. Phosphorylation is the predominant cellular mechanism for reversible modification of proteins, and the fact that many transcription factors are phosphoproteins suggests a regulatory role of phosphorylation. In this thesis, studies on phosphorylation of the androgen receptor in human prostate tumor cells (LNCaP) are described. In LNCaP cells, the androgen receptor protein is present as two isofonlls with apparent molecular masses of 110 and 112 kDa during SDS-PAGE. The 112 kDa isoform reflects the phosphorylated receptor, whereas the 110 kDa isoform is the non-phosphorylated receptor. Both isoforms are able to bind androgens with high affinity and can subsequently be transformed to the DNA binding form. It appears to be unlikely that phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of steroid- or DNA binding affinity. Upon incubation of the prostate tumor cells with androgens, the phosphOlylation degree of the androgen receptor was rapidly increased. Multiple phosphorylation sites on serine residues are located in the N-terminal f/'al/~activation domain and not in the DNA- and ligand binding domains. Tryptic phosphopeptide maps of the androgen receptor show induction of phosphorylation at a novel site(s) by hormone treatment. It is proposed that this extra phosphorylation in the N-terminal domain causes a conformational change, enabling protein-protein contacts of the trails-activation domain with other transcription factors or co-activators on a target gene promoter.
Comparative Functional Genomic Analysis of Solanum Glandular Trichome Types1[W][OA]

Glandular trichomes play important roles in protecting plants from biotic attack by producing defensive compounds. We investigated the metabolic profiles and transcriptomes to characterize the differences between different glandular trichome types in several domesticated and wild Solanum species: Solanum lycopersicum (glandular trichome types 1, 6, and 7), Solanum habrochaites (types 1, 4, and 6), Solanum pennellii (types 4 and 6), Solanum arcanum (type 6), and Solanum pimpinellifolium (type 6). Substantial chemical differences in and between Solanum species and glandular trichome types are likely determined by the regulation of metabolism at several levels. Comparison of S. habrochaites type 1 and 4 glandular trichomes revealed few differences in chemical content or transcript abundance, leading to the conclusion that these two glandular trichome types are the same and differ perhaps only in stalk length. The observation that all of the other species examined here contain either type 1 or 4 trichomes (not both) supports the conclusion that these two trichome types are the same. Most differences in metabolites between type 1 and 4 glands on the one hand and type 6 glands on the other hand are quantitative but not qualitative. Several glandular trichome types express genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation, indicating that some carbon destined for specialized metabolism is likely fixed within the trichome secretory cells. Finally, Solanum type 7 glandular trichomes do not appear to be involved in the biosynthesis and storage of specialized metabolites and thus likely serve another unknown function, perhaps as the site of the synthesis of protease inhibitors.
Scaling up access to antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection: the impact of decentralization of healthcare delivery in Cameroon

Background:The independent evaluation of the Cameroonian antiretroviral therapy (ART) Programme, which reached one of the highest coverage in the eligible HIV-infected population (58%) in Sub-Saharan Africa, offered the opportunity to assess ART outcomes in the context of the decentralization of HIV care delivery. Materials and methods:A cross-sectional survey (EVAL, ANRS 12-116, 2007) was carried out in a random sample of 3151 HIV-positive patients (response rate 90%) attending 27 treatment centres at the different level of the healthcare delivery (central, provincial and district), as well as in the exhaustive sample of doctors in charge of HIV care in these centres (response rate 92%, n = 97). Multivariate two-level analyses were conducted to assess the impact of the level of healthcare delivery on CD4 cell gains since initiation of treatment and adherence to treatment in the subsample of patients who were ART-treated for 6 months or more (n = 1985). Results:District treatment centres were characterized by more limited technical and human resources but a lower workload. ART-treated patients followed up in these centres had significantly lower socioeconomic status. After adjustment for other explanatory factors, immunological improvement was similar in patients followed up at the central and district level, whereas adherence to ART was better both at provincial and district levels. Conclusion:Success in scaling-up access to ART in Cameroon has been facilitated by decentralization of the healthcare system. Long-term sustainability urgently implies better integration of this HIV-targeted programme in the global healthcare reform of financing mechanisms, management of human resources and drug procurement systems.