Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serial Corrective Cast Manipulation in Idiopathic Club Foot by Ponseti Method. (A Study of 70 Feet with 3 Year Follow Up)

A total number of 70 feet in 50 patients of clubfoot were studied prospectively in Guru Govind Singh Hospital, M.P.Shah Medical College, Jamnagar during period of April 2004 to April 2008. The patients’ characteristics at the time of presentation, such as the severity of the initial club foot deformity measured by Pirani Severity Score System, age at the initiation of the treatment, total duration of the treatment, the details of tenotomy, Denis-Browne Splint and CTEV Shoes were studied in relation to the recurrence of the deformity. Parents of 42 infants (84%) were feeling discomfort with the use of the orthosis but when explained properly they co-operate. The outcome has no relation with the severity of the deformity, but the younger the age the less the number of the casts are needed. Total duration of the treatment is about 2 months and we found nearly normal range of the motion at 3 yr follow up. Parents of 46 patients (92%) accept the look of the foot nearly normal or normal. A total number of 70 feet in 50 patients of clubfoot were studied prospectively in Guru Govind Singh Hospital, M.P.Shah Medical College, Jamnagar during period of April 2004 to April 2008. The patients’ characteristics at the time of presentation, such as the severity of the initial club foot deformity measured by Pirani Severity Score System, age at the initiation of the treatment, total duration of the treatment, the details of tenotomy, Denis-Browne Splint and CTEV Shoes were studied in relation to the recurrence of the deformity. Parents of 42 infants (84%) were feeling discomfort with the use of the orthosis but when explained properly they co-operate. The outcome has no relation with the severity of the deformity, but the younger the age the less the number of the casts are needed. Total duration of the treatment is about 2 months and we found nearly normal range of the motion at 3 yr follow up. Parents of 46 patients (92%) accept the look of the foot nearly normal or normal.
Isolated trees as nuclei of regeneration in tropical pastures: testing the importance of niche-based and landscape factors

Questions Our study tests the relative importance of different attributes of isolated trees in explaining the properties of the regeneration assemblage beneath their crowns to evaluate their effect on the composition of early successional stages and understand the processes underlying this effect. We asked: (1) does the regeneration assemblage contain a high proportion of individuals conspecific with the isolated tree; (2) how does the landscape surrounding an isolated tree influence the properties of the regeneration assemblage; and (3) what is the respective importance of structural variables and functional traits of isolated trees for their influence on the properties of the regeneration assemblage? Location Three pasture sites in Guanacaste Province, a tropical seasonally dry area, Costa Rica. Methods Ninety isolated trees were characterized by their position in the landscape relative to patches of trees, individual structural variables related to tree and crown size, and species functional traits. The assemblage of woody plants regenerating under their crowns was characterized by number of individuals and species, and taxonomic and functional composition. To understand the mechanisms underlying the facilitative effect of isolated trees on regeneration, correlations between their attributes and properties of the regeneration assemblage were assessed. Results We found that a low proportion of regenerating individuals were conspecific with the isolated trees beneath which they have established. Landscape factors influenced the regeneration but their effects were site-dependent. The attributes of isolated trees correlated well with the functional composition of the regeneration assemblage: their structure and phenological habits with traits associated with drought tolerance, and their dispersal syndrome with the dispersal syndrome of the regeneration assemblage. However, isolated tree attributes correlated poorly with the regeneration assemblage's taxonomic composition. Conclusions Our study shows that an approach based on functional composition can provide a better understanding of community assembly mechanisms than does a taxonomic approach. Two main mechanisms are suggested to explain the influence of isolated trees on the regeneration assemblage: modification of micro-scale environmental conditions (shade and moisture) and influence on dispersal agents. The effect of attributes of isolated trees on the properties of the regeneration assemblage predicts a long-term legacy of the early stages of succession.
Indonesia spending reviews in the context of financial management reform

Public Financial Management Reform has emerged in Indonesia since the beginning of year 2003. One of the policy applied is implementation of Spending Review. Spending Review considered as one of management tool to get consolidate fiscal and financial after the Global Financial Crisis struck in 2007-2008. More than five years since 2013 when the first engagement of spending reviews as part of budgeting process in Indonesia, government has try to integrate spending reviews with performance based budgeting. Because through the information generated from PBB, spending review would be successfully increased the quality of public expenditure of Indonesia government. With Luder FMR model as a conceptual framework, author want to compare the policy of Indonesia in implementing spending review with the guidance of spending reviews made by OECD countries to know the success/failure of that policy. Although the conclusion made by researcher are not strong due to the limitation of descriptive analysis, the findings of this study hopefully can elaborate the political motives behind government spending reviews process in Indonesia link to budgeting context, there is the potential that improvement of what have done by spending review implementation would be useful in the future.
Causal Mapping as a Tool to Elicit Causal Ambiguity

By gaining an appreciation of the underlying basis for success and reducing causal ambiguity, it’s argued that firm’s performance can be managed better. By identifying and managing resources and associated patterns long term growth and superior performance can be achieved. However, there are few research methods available that support scholars or managers in this pursuit. This paper, which adopts a resource-based view of the firm conceptual lens and a strategy as practice perspective, aims to rectify this by exploring the use of causal mapping to identify and understand both the resources and the patterns of resources. Thus scholars will gain a better appreciation of the systemic nature of resources, and managers will be able to exploit the resources.
The European Financial System in Limelight

Efficient use of resources depends on better allocation through financial systems. Development of financial systems can be measured through the performance of banks, financial markets and insurance companies. This paper identifies several key attributes to measure the level of financial development in Europe using data from 1990 to 2011. First, an index is constructed by employing the method of Principal Component Analysis to measure the strength of financial systems in European countries. Second, based on relative raking a comparison is made for better interpretation of results in European countries. The top five countries include Switzerland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Spain and Germany. The results of this study can be helpful to assess the relative strength of European economies and frame future policies to promote efficiency of financial systems.
Bioactive properties, fatty acid composition and mineral contents of grape seed and oils

The oil content of grape seed samples changed between 4.53% (Adakarasi) and 11.13% (Sauvignon blanc). While the linoleic acid contents of grape seed oils ranged from 47.34% (Sangiovese) to 72.91% (Cinsaut), the oleic acid contents varied between 13.35% (Cabernet Sauvignon) and 26.30% (Sangiovese) (p < 0.05). Also, the palmitic acid and stearic acid contents of grape seed oils ranged from 7.15% (Cinsaut) to 16.06% (Sangiovese) and from 2.43% (Narince) to 6.55% (Sangiovese) respectively (p < 0.05). The flavonoid contents of the seeds changed between 263.53 (mg CE/g) and 1 706.00 (mg CE/g) (Cabernet Sauvignon). Total phenols were found to be between 6 711.14 (mg GA/g extract) (Sangiovese) and 8 818.69 (mg GA/g extract) (Narince). The linoleic contents of oils changed from between 47.34% (Sangiovese) and 72.91% (Cinsaut). The K contents of the grape seed samples changed between 4 347.80 mg/kg (Cabernet Sauvignon) and 9 492.60 mg/kg (Gamay) (p < 0.05). The Fe contents of seeds were found to be between 29.96 mg/kg (Narince) and 73.82 mg/kg (Sangiovese). As a result, the current study shows that grape seeds are useful for human nutrition due to their components.
A rheological study of acid-set "simulated yogurt milk" gels prepared from heat- or pressure-treated milk proteins

The application of high pressure as an alternative to heat treatment in the acid-set gelling of milk proteins was studied using a "simulated yogurt milk" (SYM) system, containing phosphocasein and whey protein isolate (WPI) in a ratio of 4:1. Gels were made by acidification of SYM with glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) at 40 o C to pH 4.6 and their properties measured by dynamic rheology using a Bohlin CVO rheometer. Gelation was studied in heat - (90 o C × 10 min) or pres- sure - (700 MPa × 20 min) treated SYM or SYM containing heat - (78 o C × 30 min) or pressure - (0-700 MPa × 20 min) treated WPI. For a constant time (20 min) and temperature (25 o C), the extent of whey protein denaturation was dependent on the applied pressure. Although pressures of ≤ 400 MPa caused as much as 57% denaturation, they did not support acid-set gelation when pres- sure-treated WPI was incorporated into SYM. Pressurisation of WPI at 600 and 700 MPa, which re- sulted in 86.5 and 91.4% denaturation, respectively, resulted in the formation of cohesive gels when SYM was acidified with GDL. The acid-induced gelation profiles of SYM pressurised at 700 MPa × 20 min and SYM containing WPI pressurised under the same conditions were different, suggesting that the kinetics of aggregation were different, presumably due to the disruption of casein micelles in the SYM system during the pressurisation step. Gels prepared from SYM containing pressure-treated WPI were weaker, i.e., they had lower values for G' throughout acidification, than those prepared from SYM containing heat-treated WPI. The gelation properties of heated SYM containing native or pressurised WPI were similar, indicating that the combination of pressurisation of WPI followed by heating SYM does not have an additive effect in relation to acid-induced gelation. Heating was more efficient at producing casein/whey protein interaction products that were suitable for the formation of gels on acidification. high pressure / heat treatment / whey protein isolate / phosphocasein / acid gel
A model for assessing investments in intensive grazing technology.

The financial profitability of intensive grazing management techniques such as short duration grazing (SDG) and the Savory Grazing Management (SGM) has received very little attention in the range management or economics literature. Most research has emphasized variables which measure technical rather than economic efficiency. A conceptual economic model is presented which illustrates the importance of the management factor in determining the optimal stocking rate and profitability of cell grazing practices. Empirical results yield internal rates of return on an after-tax basis for a SlO,OOO grazing cell for 11-4095 assuming cow herd productivity is maintained at, or increased above, pre-adoption levels. As cell costs increase and stocking rates increase, ranch profitability declines and increases respectively in almost all cases. The principal determinant of long-run profits is found to be livestock productivity since this factor has a greater impact on profitability than stocking rate levels or cell investment costs. Increased stocking rates with intensive grazing technology do not insure Increased profits unless concurrent improvement in range, livestock, and business management practices are adopted.
Modeling Cost of Quality in the Construction IndustryA closer look at the Procurement Process using System Dynamics

The aim of this research is to develop the Cost of Quality (COQ) model for the procurement process of the construction industry and establish a general course of action for minimizing quality costs. A case study in a large Canadian construction company was conducted and the use of the Prevention-Appraisal-Failure (PAF) approach for the COQ model of the procurement process was explored. In contrast to the conventional COQ analysis we take into account not only the internal quality costs within the company, but also the costs of its suppliers. Several different policies were designed and their effects on quality costs investigated through System Dynamics (SD) simulation. The findings suggest that Prevention costs should be increased to minimize failures. It was also found that Appraisal cost is quite high in the procurement process and should be reduced in order to minimize overall COQ. However, this strategy could increase failure occurrences thereby damaging a company’s reputation. The possible reductions of Appraisal cost in the construction companies should thus be carefully considered.
Benchmark results in the 2D lattice Thirring model with a chemical potential

We study the two dimensional lattice Thirring model in the presence of a fermion chemical po- tential. Our model is asymptotically free, contains massive fermions that mimic a baryon and light bosons that mimic pions. Hence it is a useful toy model for QCD, especially since it too suffers from a sign problem in the auxiliary field formulation in the presence of a fermion chemical potential. In this work we formulate the model in both the world line and fermion-bag representations and show that the sign problem can be completely eliminated with open boundary conditions when the fermions are massless. Hence we are able accurately compute a variety of interesting quantities in the model, and these results could provide benchmarks for other methods that are being developed to solve the sign problem in QCD.
Tropospheric carbon monoxide variability from AIRS under clear and cloudy conditions

Abstract. We study the carbon monoxide (CO) variability in the last decade measured by NASA's Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) on the Earth Observing System (EOS)/Aqua satellite. The focus of this study is to analyze CO variability and short-term trends separately for background CO and fresh CO emissions based on a new statistical approach. The AIRS Level 2 (L2) retrieval algorithm utilizes cloud clearing to treat cloud contaminations in the signals, and this increases the data coverage significantly to a yield of more than 50% of the total measurements. We first study if the cloud clearing affects CO retrievals and the subsequent trend studies by using the collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask to identify AIRS clear sky scenes. We then carry out a science analysis using AIRS CO data individually for the clear and cloud-cleared scenes to identify any potential effects due to cloud clearing. We also introduce a new technique to separate background and recently emitted CO observations, which aims to constrain emissions using only satellite CO data. We validate the CO variability of the recent emissions estimated from AIRS against other emission inventory databases (i.e., Global Fire Emissions Database – GFED3 and the MACC/CityZEN UE – MACCity) and calculate that the correlation coefficients between the AIRS CO recently emitted and the emission inventory databases are 0.726 for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and 0.915 for the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The high degree of agreement between emissions identified using only AIRS CO and independent inventory sources demonstrates the validity of this approach to separate recent emissions from the background CO using one satellite data set.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Analysis of Brassica juncea Seeds

Introduction: Brassica juncea is an economically important plant that has been well-known in India for centuries for its medicinal and nutritive values. The broad spectrum of benefi cial effects of the seeds perceived with this plant warrants further exploration of B. juncea seeds as a potential source for obtaining pharmacologically standardized phytotherapeutics, which could be potentially useful. The objective of the present study was to perform the pharmacognosy of mustards seeds inclusive of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, fi ngerprinting by infrared spectroscopy and high performance thin layer chromatography analysis and toxicity assessment in vitro. Methods: Different sections of seeds were taken and stained with 0.1% phloroglucinol for microscopic examination. The seeds were extracted by 80% alcohol on a rotary shaker to perform phytochemical analysis and fi ngerprinting. The toxicity assessment of this extract was performed on human dermal fi broblast cells. Results: Microscopic examination of seeds showed characteristic features of mustard seeds. The extraction of these seeds by 80% alcohol resulted in IC 50 value of 103 ± 3 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The fi ngerprinting analysis of this extract indicated probable presence of sinigrin, quercetin, vanillin, catechin, vitamin E and sulfur-containing compounds. This extract exhibited 50% toxicity (IC 50 ) at 1.79 mg/mL. Conclusion: The result achieved will be used to assess the therapeutic effi cacy of seed extracts for future pharmacological evaluations.
Restorative mowing on semi-natural grasslands: community-level changes and species-level responses

This thesis operates at two levels of ecological research, describing the effects of withdrawal and reintroduction of management on grasslands. The aim of the community-level survey was to explore the effects of abandonment, mowing and grazing on semi-natural meadows in northern Finland. At the species level, the aim was to evaluate the responses of three monocarpic meadow species to various degrees of simulated grazing under natural growth conditions. The community-level studies suggest that strongly competitive grass species with rapid vegetative growth, especially those forming tussocks, are able to retain or increase their cover in abandoned meadows. However, most species are able to persist in a meadow for a long time after abandonment, even when a group of immigrants arrive. This leads to a temporary increase in species diversity, and it may therefore be used as an indicator of ongoing succession. Nevertheless, abandonment is harmful for the rare archaeophytic species in the long run. Late mowing does not have extensive short-term impacts on grass-dominated semi-natural meadows. Therefore, it is neither an efficient nor a substitutional way of management when the goal is to restore a formerly grazed pasture. Mowing executed early in the season may, however, be a more appropriate way of inducing changes in species composition and enhancing species richness. According to the results of the species-level studies, Erysimum strictum and Rhinanthus minor tolerate well minor apical damage, while more severe damage has a detrimental impact on the performance of both species. The observed differences in regrowth responses between the two species are presumably due to their different habitat requirements in relation to competition. The species-level experiment with two late-flowering populations of field gentian Gentianella campestris ssp. campestris revealed that the southern, Swedish population that has been regularly grazed and mown overcompensated for the intermediate (50%) damage level, whereas the northern, Finnish field gentians growing in unmanaged habitats showed at best partial or full compensation. Regular grazing and mowing have presumably favoured grazing-tolerant plant species, i.e. species with a good
From Local Adaptation to Speciation: Specialization and Reinforcement

Local adaptation is the first step in the process of ecological speciation. It is, however, an unstable and dynamic situation. It can be strengthened by the occurrence of alleles more specialized to the different habitats or vanish if generalist alleles arise by mutations and increase in frequency. This process can have complicated dynamics as specialist alleles may be much more common and may maintain local adaptation for a long time. Thus, even in the absence of an absolute fitness tradeoff between habitats, local adaptation may persist a long time before vanishing. Furthermore, several feedback loops can help to maintain it (the reinforcement, demographic, and recombination loops). This reinforcement can occur by modifying one of the three fundamental steps in a sexual life cycle (dispersal, syngamy, meiosis), which promotes genetic clustering by causing specific genetic associations. Distinguishing these mechanisms complements the one- versus two-allele classification. Overall, the relative rates of the two processes (specialization and reinforcement) dictate whether ecological speciation will occur.
Sexual Coercion and Associated Factors among Female Students of Madawalabu University, Southeast Ethiopia

Introduction. Violence against women, in its various forms, is an important social and public health problem in different communities around the world. Although violence against women is against the inalienable human right and resulted in physical, sexual, and psychological harm or suffering to women, little has been documented regarding its factors and distribution among youth population such as university students. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess factors associated with sexual coercion among female students at Madawalabu University. Methods. This was a cross-sectional institution based study conducted on 411 female students which were selected by systematic random sampling from the list of female students. Data were collected in April 2012 using structured-interview administered questionnaire. Descriptive, binary, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS version 16. Result. In this study, the mean (±SD) age at first sex was 18.19 (
Modeling Effects of Climate Change on Air Quality and Population Exposure in Urban Planning Scenarios

We employ a nested system of global and regional climate models, linked to regional and urban air quality chemical transport models utilizing detailed inventories of present and future emissions, to study the relative impact of climate change and changing air pollutant emissions on air quality and population exposure in Stockholm, Sweden. We show that climate change only marginally affects air quality over the 20-year period studied. An exposure assessment reveals that the population of Stockholm can expect considerably lower NO2 exposure in the future, mainly due to reduced local NOx emissions. Ozone exposure will decrease only slightly, due to a combination of increased concentrations in the city centre and decreasing concentrations in the suburban areas. The increase in ozone concentration is a consequence of decreased local NOx emissions, which reduces the titration of the long-range transported ozone. Finally, we evaluate the consequences of a planned road transit project on future air quality in Stockholm. The construction of a very large bypass road (including one of the largest motorway road tunnels in Europe) will only marginally influence total population exposure, this since the improved air quality in the city centre will be complemented by deteriorated air quality in suburban, residential areas.