Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oligo-Heparin Action on Endogenous Glycosaminoglycans. Pharmacokinetics: Direct and Mediated Effects

The possibility of extracting from plasma the admin istered glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as heparin and hep arin fragment of 2 kDa called OLIGO-H, has enabled us to determine their pharmacokinetics and compare them with that calculated with biologic methods directly on plasma (see Bianchini et al. in this issue of Seminars). This comparison highlighted a different behavior of some molecular species of the administered GAGs immedi ately after intravenous administration with changes in plasma biologic activities (see Bianchini et al.). The per centage that disappears from plasma is likely captured by tissues on which it can produce some effects. Our hy pothesis was that a part of OLIGO-H molecules are cap tured by a cellular compartment, for instance, blood ves sel endothelium. Because mesenterium is representative of a strongly vascularized tissue, with low parenchymal components and high ratio between the blood vessel wall surface and tissue weight, it has been considered suitable to examine the GAG concentration of the vascular bed
Changes in Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and Procollagen Type-1 C-Peptide After Static and Dynamic Exercises

We investigated the effects of two types of nonweight-bearing exercise on changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and procollagen type 1 C-peptide (P1P). BAP is a specific marker of bone synthesis, whereas P1P reflects synthesis of type 1 collagen in other organs as well as bone. Eight participants performed static and dynamic unilateral knee extensions. BAP and P1P were measured before, and at 1, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hr after exercise. P1P increased at 24 hr after a static knee extension exercise, whereas BAP did not change during the experimental period. We found no changes in these markers after dynamic exercise. These results imply that type 1 collagen synthesis in tendons increases after static exercise.
In vitro Activity of Sagamicin against Ocular Bacterial Isolates

The in vitro antibacterial activity of sagamicin, gentamicin, tobramycin and norfloxacin was evaluated against 180 recent clinical isolates obtained from patients with ocular infections. Good activity was demonstrated for the 3 aminoglycosides against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. All 4 compounds showed a lower activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Sagamicin was highly effective against enterobacteriaceae with a MIC90 of 2 mg/l and presented good antipseudomonal activity similar to that of gentamicin. Intraocular lenses impregnated with a sagamicin solution showed a good antistaphylococcal activity immediately after preparation. In our strain collection, the ability to produce slime was more frequent among methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis strains than methicillin-sensitive S. epidermidis (85 versus 70%). The attachment of 2 S. epidermidis strains to plastic surfaces was partially prevented by sagamicin subinhibitory concentrations. On the contrary, sub-MIC levels of norfloxacin increased the adhesion of S. epidermidis.
No support for HLA-DQ encoded susceptibility in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To test predictions based on data from immunogenetic and peptide-binding studies of collagen-induced arthritis in mice, in which it has been suggested that susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might be determined by the interaction between susceptibility alleles at the HLA-DQ locus and protective alleles at the HLA-DRB1 locus (including susceptibility effects for HLA-DQ7 and DQ8). METHODS Predictions based on these models were tested in 166 healthy controls and 167 patients with RA, all of whom were typed for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQ alleles. RESULTS In this population, HLA-DQ7 did not encode an increased risk for RA. This lack of susceptibility effect of HLA-DQ7 could not be attributed to competing HLA-DQ susceptibility alleles, protective HLA-DRB1 alleles, or the absence of DQA1*0301. CONCLUSION These observations do not support the DR/DQ hypothesis in its present form.
The control of anterior foregut motility during a larval molt of the moth Manduca sexta involves the modulation of presynaptic activity

SUMMARY In the moth, Manduca sexta, anterior foregut motility is modulated during the larval–larval molts in order to control the timing of molting fluid (MF) ingestion. MF is the enzymatic mixture that destroys the outer cuticle so that it can be shed at the end of the molt. The onset of the larval–larval molt is characterized by a dramatic decline in the amplitude of the anterior foregut contractions so that MF is not prematurely ingested. As the end of the molt approaches, the robust contractions of the anterior foregut return and the MF is ingested, enabling the larva to free itself from its old cuticle. In the present study we examine possible mechanisms involved in modulating anterior foregut motility during a larval–larval molt. Our results reveal that the release of a blood-borne factor plays a role in the decline in anterior foregut peristaltic activity during the molt. This blood-borne factor reduces the efficacy of the presynaptic endings of the motorneurons, resulting in a reduction in the amplitude of the excitatory junctional potential (EJP) recorded from the anterior foregut musculature. We also present evidence that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) targets the motorneuron terminals and its actions are sufficient to trigger the dramatic increase in EJP amplitude and anterior foregut contractions. Finally, the surgical ablation of the subesophageal ganglion, which has been previously described to be a source of CCAP neurons and the CCAP projections to the anterior foregut region, blocks both the increase in anterior foregut motility and the ingestion of MF that normally occur at the end of a larval–larval molt.
Immigration and low birthweight in the US: The role of time and timing

The literature exploring the health consequences of immigration is largely dominated by efforts to replicate, across outcomes and populations, and explain two widely observed findings: that foreign nativity is protective (yielding the “healthy migrant effect” or “immigrant paradox”) and that the health advantage of immigrants diminishes over time in the host country. In this study, we focus on the second of these patterns and provide evidence that a lifecourse perspective can help to explain the apparent deterioration in health by incorporating attention to immigrants’ timing of arrival. We examine the role of immigrants’ exposure to the US, in terms of both age at immigration and length of residence, in shaping birthweight, a well measured and consequential marker of health, and maternal smoking, an important risk factor for low birthweight.
Wall fluctuation modes and tensor CMB anisotropy in open inflation models

We calculate the spectrum of large angle cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies due to quantum fluctuations of the gravitational wave modes in one-bubble open inflation models. We find the bubble-wall fluctuation modes, which had been thought to exist discretely in previous analyses, are actually contained in the continuous spectrum of gravitational wave modes when the gravitational coupling is correctly taken into account. Then we find that the spectrum of the tensor CMB anisotropy can be decomposed into the part due to the wall fluctuation modes and that due to the usual gravitational wave modes in a way which is almost model-independent, even when the gravitational coupling is strong. We also discuss observational constraints on the model parameters. We find that an appreciable portion of the parameter space is excluded but the remaining allowable region is still wide enough to leave the one-bubble scenario viable.
Applied behavior analytic interventions for children with autism: a description and review of treatment research.

BACKGROUND Autism is a disorder characterized by pervasive delays in the development of language and socialization, and the presence of stereotyped, repetitive behaviors or nonfunctional interests. Although a multitude of treatments for autism exist, very few have been the subject of scientific research. The only treatment that has been supported by substantial empirical research is treatment based on applied behavior analysis (ABA). METHODS This article describes components of comprehensive ABA treatment programs, reviews research on effectiveness, and discusses issues related to collaboration between ABA and psychiatry. RESULTS ABA has been supported by several hundred single case experiments and an increasing number of between-groups studies. Comprehensive ABA treatment programs are comprised of multiple intervention procedures, such as discrete trial instruction and natural environment training, and are founded on basic principles of learning and motivation, such as positive reinforcement, extinction, stimulus control, and generalization. Clinicians in the fields of ABA and psychiatry have similar goals regarding client outcome, and several ABA measurement and analysis procedures produce information that may be useful to psychiatrists. CONCLUSIONS ABA treatment programs for individuals with autism are supported by a significant amount of scientific evidence and are therefore recommended for use. Patient care would likely benefit from a greater degree of collaboration between practitioners in the fields of ABA and psychiatry.
The Arg279Glu Substitution in the Adenovirus Type 11p (Ad11p) Fiber Knob Abolishes EDTA-Resistant Binding to A549 and CHO-CD46 Cells, Converting the Phenotype to That of Ad7p

ABSTRACT The major determinant of adenovirus (Ad) attachment to host cells is the C-terminal knob domain of the trimeric fiber protein. Ad type 11p (Ad11p; species B2) in contrast to Ad7p (species B1) utilizes at least two different cellular attachment receptors, designated sBAR (species B adenovirus receptor) and sB2AR (species B2 adenovirus receptor). CD46 has recently been identified as one of the Ad11p attachment receptors. However, CD46 did not seem to constitute a functional receptor for Ad7p. Although Ad7p shares high knob amino acid identity with Ad11p, Ad7p is deficient in binding to both sB2AR and CD46. To determine what regions of the Ad11p fiber knob are necessary for sB2AR-CD46 interaction, we constructed recombinant fiber knobs (rFK) with Ad11p/Ad7p chimeras and Ad11p sequences having a single amino acid substitution from Ad7p. Binding of the constructs to A549 and CHO-CD46 BC1 isoform-expressing cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results indicate that an Arg279Glu substitution is sufficient to convert the Ad11p receptor-interaction phenotype to that of Ad7p and abolish sB2AR and CD46 interaction. Also a Glu279Arg substitution in Ad7p rFKs increases CD46 binding. Thus, the lateral HI loop of the Ad11p fiber knob seems to be the key determinant for Ad11p sB2AR-CD46 interaction. This result is comparable to another non-coxsackie-adenovirus receptor binding Ad (Ad37p), where substitution of one amino acid abolishes virus-cell interaction. In conjunction with previous results, our findings also strongly suggest that sB2AR is equivalent to CD46.
$L^2$-boundedness of a singular integral operator

In this paper we study a singular integral operator $T$ with rough kernel. This operator has singularity along sets of the form $\{x=Q(|y|)y'\}$, where $Q(t)$ is a polynomial satisfying $Q(0)=0$. We prove that $T$ is a bounded operator in the space $L^2(R^n)$, $n\ge 2$, and this bound is independent of the coefficients of $Q(t)$. We also obtain certain Hardy type inequalities related to this operator.
Effects of obesity surgery on the metabolic syndrome.

HYPOTHESIS Individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MS), a clustering of risk factors (high levels of triglycerides and serum glucose, low level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, abdominal obesity) defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel of Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (ATPIII), are at high risk of developing coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus and may benefit from surgically induced weight loss. DESIGN Prospectively controlled clinical study. SETTING A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS From December 1, 1999, to March 31, 2002, 645 consecutive morbidly obese patients were enrolled in a surgically supervised weight loss program, and the efficacy of weight loss 1 year after surgery was examined. INTERVENTION Laparoscopic weight reduction surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of the MS as defined by the ATPIII (>3 of the following): waist circumference greater than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women; serum triglyceride level of at least 150 mg/dL (1.70 mmol/L); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) in men and 50 mg/dL (1.30 mmol/L) in women; blood pressure of at least 130/85 mm Hg; and serum glucose level of at least 110 mg/dL (6.11 mmol/L). RESULTS Of 645 individuals, 337 (52.2%) met the ATPIII definition of the MS. Individuals with the MS had significant differences in age (31.5 years vs 28.1 years), sex (127 [37.7%] of 337 men vs 81 [26.3%] of 308 women), and many metabolic abnormalities compared with patients without the MS. Laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty was performed in 528 patients (81.9%) and laparoscopic gastric bypass in 117 (18.1%). A significant decrease in weight was found in both groups, but individuals who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass lost significantly more weight (mean +/- SD, 38.4 +/- 14.4 kg vs 35.1 +/- 16.8 kg) and achieved a lower body mass index (29.3 +/- 4.8 vs 32.0 +/- 5.4) than individuals who underwent laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty. Substantial mean weight reduction (31.9%) of patients with the MS resulted in a substantial reduction of systolic (11.0 mm Hg) and diastolic (11.4 mm Hg) blood pressure and levels of glucose (46.1 mg/dL [2.56 mmol/L]), triglycerides (196.6 mg/dL [2.22 mmol/L]), and total cholesterol (33.7 mg/dL [0.88 mmol/L]) 1 year after surgery. These improvements resulted in a 95.6% resolution of the MS 1 year after surgery. There was no difference between operations (laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty or laparoscopic gastric bypass) in the resolution rate of the MS 1 year after surgery (95.0% vs 98.4%, respectively). CONCLUSION The MS is prevalent in 52.2% of morbidly obese individuals enrolling in an obesity surgery program. Significant weight reduction 1 year after surgery markedly improved all aspects of the MS and resulted in a cure rate of 95.6%. Obesity surgery performed by laparoscopic surgery is recommended for obese patients with the MS.
Shear Piezoresistance in MOSFET Devices Under General Operating Conditions

This paper describes the modeling and characterization of in-plane stress sensors based on the shear piezoresistance effect in field-effect-transistor (FET) inversion layers. FET test structures fabricated in a commercial 0.6-μm complementary MOS technology were subjected to in-plane shear and normal stresses. A complete set of inversion layer piezoresistive coefficients was extracted for gate, bulk, and inversion carrier potentials covering the entire operating range. Stress sensitivities of the pseudo-Hall voltage of rectangular 100-μm-long 3-μm-wide n- and p-MOSFETs with multiple lateral channel contact pairs were determined. The experimental values are compared to predictions from an analytical model treating the stress as a perturbation of the unstressed device. Strongly enhanced sensitivities associated with the large potential drop close to the pinch-off point are observed in saturation for lateral contact pairs near the drain. The inaccuracy of the model for sensor operation at |VG| = 5 V is better than 14% for n-type devices and 5% for p-type devices for lateral channel contact pairs distant from source and drain by more than 12.5 μm. For contact pairs 1 μm from the drain, due to degradation effects, the inaccuracies increase to 70% and 52% for n- and p-type devices, respectively.
Runge-Kutta Central Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for the Special Relativistic Hydrodynamics

Abstract. This paper develops Runge-Kutta PK-based central discontinuous Galerkin (CDG) methods with WENO limiter for the oneand two-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamical (RHD) equations, K = 1,2,3. Different from the non-central DG methods, the Runge-Kutta CDG methods have to find two approximate solutions defined on mutually dual meshes. For each mesh, the CDG approximate solutions on its dual mesh are used to calculate the flux values in the cell and on the cell boundary so that the approximate solutions on mutually dual meshes are coupled with each other, and the use of numerical flux will be avoided. The WENO limiter is adaptively implemented via two steps: the “troubled” cells are first identified by using a modified TVB minmod function, and then the WENO technique is used to locally reconstruct new polynomials of degree (2K+1) replacing the CDG solutions inside the “troubled” cells by the cell average values of the CDG solutions in the neighboring cells as well as the original cell averages of the “troubled” cells. Because the WENO limiter is only employed for finite “troubled” cells, the computational cost can be as little as possible. The accuracy of the CDG without the numerical dissipation is analyzed and calculation of the flux integrals over the cells is also addressed. Several test problems in one and two dimensions are solved by using our Runge-Kutta CDG methods with WENO limiter. The computations demonstrate that our methods are stable, accurate, and robust in solving complex RHD problems.
Transmit Design for Short-Range MIMO Channels With the Spherical-Wave Model

In this letter, we investigate the transmit design for short-range multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with the spherical-wave model (SWM) in three-dimensional (3D) space. We first establish the antenna array with arbitrary orientations in 3D space. On this basis, we propose a practical and low-complexity transmit scheme with the SWM in short-range MIMO channels. The analytical expressions for the transmit directions and the power allocation of the proposed transmit scheme is also derived. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain performance improvement compared with the equal power transmission.
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Response characteristics of cutaneous cold receptors in the monkey.

1. The receptive fields of 48 specific cold units, located in the hairy and glaborous skin of fore- and hindlimbs of rhesus monkeys, were mapped and scale drawings made. Forty-five percent had single spotlike receptive fields of 1-2 mm diameter or were up to 2 mm wide and 3-5 mm long, and formed straight, crescent, or right-angle shapes. The remaining 55% had two to five discrete spots or small areas innervated by a single fiber. Area or number of receptive fields per unit did not vary significantly along the limb axis. 2. Of the 48 specific cold units, 15 were held sufficiently long to record their dynamic responses to intensity-rate series of temperature changes from several adapting temperatures (ATs) between 20 and 45 degrees C. Six cold units showed a paradoxical increase in the steady-state response at the 45 degrees C compared to that at the 40 degrees C AT. Of the 15 cold units, 7 discharged in bursts at the 35 degrees C or lower ATs. The proportion of short intervals (intraburst intervals) increased as the adapting temperature decreased. 3. Both the latency and the temperature change at the onset of the dynamic response to cooling remained relatively constant for ATs up to and including 35 degrees C. The response latencies were approximately 200-400 ms, while the temperature changes at response onset were -0.02 to -0.06 degrees C. Both increased sharply at the 40 degrees C and still more at the 45 degrees C ATs. 4. The rate of increase in the frequency of the dynamic response to cooling by the fast rate increased to maximum at the 30 degrees C AT and then decreased at the higher ATs. For the slow rate the highest rate of increase in frequency occurred at the 20 degrees C AT. The fast rate of cooling always induced a faster rate of increase in frequency than slow rate of cooling. 5. Four indices of response magnitude were used in the analysis of the dynamic responses. These were peak frequency, cumulative impulses in the first 4 s following stimulus onset, average frequency during stimulations plus 3 s, and the total impulses during stimulation. The first three indices gave similar representations of the dynamic responses to the rate and intensity of cooling and the effect of the AT. The slow rate of cooling invariably yielded a smaller index of response magnitude than the fast rate. The difference became more pronounced as the intensity of cooling increased. The stimulus intensity-response magnitude functions were nonlinear. This nonlinearity was more pronounced at the low than at the high ATs. As the AT was increased, the response indices approached linearity at the 35 and 40 degrees C ATs. The greatest sensitivity of cold units to cooling was from the 35 degrees C AT. The fourth index, total impulses during stimulation minus steady state, gave a different picture. This index of response magnitude was linearly related to stimulus intensity for both rates of cooling from all adapting temperatures except for the slow rate of cooling from the 45 degrees C AT.
Phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of mixed murine spinal cord neuronal cultures

The phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid compositions of mixed murine spinal cord neuronal cultures are reported. The phospholipid composition was primarily comprised of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (44.8%) and choline glycerophospholipids (43.5%). Plasmalogens made up 29.1% of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (13.0% of the total phospholipids) and 4.5% of the choline glycerophospholipids (1.9% of the total phospholipids). Other phospholipids ranged from 2.9% for sphingomyelin to 1.0% for phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate. The fatty acid compositions of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, choline glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol were also determined. The choline glycerophospholipids were the most saturated and contained the smallest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ethanolamine glycerophospholipids were the most unsaturated and contained the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The phospholipids contained minimal amounts of 20:3 n‐9 (Mead acid) and are not considered polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient. Thus, for the mixed neuronal spinal cord cultures, the phospholipid fatty acid compositions were not polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient and contained a large amount of polyenoic fatty acids of both the n‐3 and n‐6 series. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.