Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industry Views of Minor Crop Weed Control

The level of past industry participation in registering herbicide minor crop uses has been a function of active ingredient discovery output and the combination of incentives and barriers that drive minor use registration decisions. Over the past 10 yr there have been several external factors negatively impacting the rate of new herbicide introductions by industry. These include industry consolidation, a decrease in the global value of the conventional herbicide market, adoption of Herbicide-Resistant Crop (HRC) technology, a substantial increase in required regulatory activity primarily through reregistration programs, and increased costs of discovery research and product development. The increased cost of conducting business in an increasingly competitive market has undoubtedly influenced herbicide registrants to adopt different discovery strategies. Economics dictate registration efforts only towards crops that will create a significant, positive return on investment. In most cases, development of new herbicides for minor crops is not economically viable due to low or negative return on investment and disproportionate liability risk. Therefore, to motivate increased participation, companies need incentives and mechanisms to mitigate risk and registration barriers. Increased data protection and the Interregional Project 4 (IR-4) program, a cooperative government program with the goal of developing data to support regulatory clearances of pest control products for specialty crops, are current government programs in place that provide incentives and defray cost. Other incentives should be explored to make minor crops more attractive targets. However, product registration, liability risk, and dedicating the necessary resources to adequately research crop selectivity are still major economic barriers. Creative solutions that ensure companies are not unreasonably exposed to yield loss claims would remove a primary reason why companies are reluctant to register herbicides for minor crops.
Medically Administered Nutrition and Hydration.

Clinical Practice n Hospice and palliative nurses caring for patients and families deliberating whether to initiate, to withhold, or to withdraw MANH are responsible to ensure o Patient autonomy; o Education regarding benefits and burdens of interventions; and o Informed decision-making based on the patient's clinical condition, goals, values, beliefs, culture, ethnicity, and religion. n Hospice and palliative nurses must ensure that discussions and decisions regarding initiating, withholding, or withdrawing MANH in advanced illness and end of life are guided by ethical and cultural considerations; patient goals of care, preferences, and beliefs; and evaluation of the benefits and burdens of MANH. n Hospice and palliative nurses must ensure that patient and surrogate decision-maker wishes regarding MANH are congruent with advance care planning documents, such as advance directives, living wills, in-hospital and out-of-hospital orders for life sustaining treatments, or nursing documentation. n Hospice and palliative nurses must ensure interdisciplinary team support for patients' and families' decisionmaking related to MANH.
Fat1 regulates astrocyte maturation and angiogenesis in the retina

Angiogenesis is a stepwise process leading to blood vessel formation. In the vertebrate retina, endothelial cells are guided by astrocytes migrating along the inner surface, and the two processes are coupled by a tightly regulated cross-talk between the two cell types. Here, we investigated how the FAT1 Cadherin, a regulator of tissue morphogenesis governing tissue cross-talks, influences retinal vascular development. Through late-onset inactivation in the neural lineage in mice, we bypassed an early contribution of Fat1 to eye development, and assessed its requirement for postnatal retina angiogenesis. We found that neural Fat1 expression, by controlling the polarity of astrocyte progenitor migration, regulates astrocyte maturation. By interfering with astrocyte migration and maturation, neural Fat1 deletion deregulates the astrocyte/endothelial cell coupling, and delays retinal angiogenesis. Mice with neural-Fat1 ablation exhibit persistent abnormalities of the retinal vascular architecture, such as an increased vascular density in deep layers. Altogether, this study identifies Fat1 as a regulator of neurovascular communication, essential for retinal vascular development and integrity.
Impact of negative energy balance on production and fertility in Slovenian brown-breed dairy cows.

The aim of this study was to investigate the production andreproduction ability of Slovenian brown-breed dairy cows according totheir exposure to negative energy balance (NEB). Body condition score(BCS), concentrations of metabolites such as non esterified fatty acids(NEFA), beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), cholesterol and urea weremeasured on day 14 postpartum and progesterone profile wasdetermined for each animal. The postpartum period was closelymonitored from day 14 to conception by ultrasound examination in 10day intervals. Reproductive parameters were followed up, also. CowsweredividedintwogroupsaccordingtoNEFAandBHBconcentrationswith a threshold of 0.5 and 1.4 mmol/L, respectively. Cows withelevated NEFA and BHB levels (Group 2) in comparison to Group 1expressed a higher decrease in BCS 30 days postpartum (0.64 vs 0.33point; P<0.01), more abnormal progesteron patterns (P<0.001) andhad a significantly longer interval to first progesteron rise (49.54 vs33.82 days; P<0.05). Milk protein concentrations 30 days postpartumwere significantly lower in Group 2 comparing to Group 1 (3.08 % vs3.36 %, P<0.001) and protein ratio (FPR) 30 days postpartum wassignificantly higher in Group 2 (1.37 vs 1.21; P<0.05) comparing toGroup 1. Measurement of NEFA and BHB concentrations, bodycondition scoring and milk data recording are found to be good criteriafortherecognitionofNEBindairycowsintheearlypostpartumperiod.Key words: dairy cows, negative energy balance, body conditionscore, reproduction
Postoperative analgesia and opioid use following hip arthroscopy with ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block: a randomized controlled double-blind trial

Objective To investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery. Methods Patients who were scheduled to undergo elective arthroscopic hip surgery were randomly assigned to the QLB (Q) or control (C) group (n = 40 each). After general anesthesia induction, unilateral QLB was performed under ultrasound guidance in the Q group. The amount of opioid use via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and the resting and movement pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores when the patient left the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after surgery were recorded. Postoperative complications were recorded for both groups. Results At 24 hours post-surgery, opioid consumption amounts via PCA (48.4 [48.1–48.6] mL) in the Q group were significantly lower compared with the C group (52.0 [51.0–53.8] mL). A significant reduction in opioid consumption was observed between the two groups at each time point. Resting and movement VAS scores at each time point were significantly lower in the Q compared with the C group. Conclusions Hip arthroscopy patients who received QLB and general anesthesia in combination had less pain and a lower opioid requirement within 24 hours postoperatively.
Salidroside inhibits platelet function and thrombus formation through AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway

Salidroside is the main bioactive component in Rhodiola rosea and possesses multiple biological and pharmacological properties. However, whether salidroside affects platelet function remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate salidroside’s effect on platelet function. Human or mouse platelets were treated with salidroside (0-20 μM) for 1 hour at 37°C. Platelet aggregation, granule secretion, and receptors expression were measured together with detection of platelet spreading and clot retraction. In addition, salidroside (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice followed by measuring tail bleeding time, arterial and venous thrombosis. Salidroside inhibited thrombin- or CRP-induced platelet aggregation and ATP release and did not affect the expression of P-selectin, glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, GPVI and αIIbβ3. Salidroside-treated platelets presented decreased spreading on fibrinogen or collagen and reduced clot retraction with decreased phosphorylation of c-Src, Syk and PLCγ2. Additionally, salidroside significantly impaired hemostasis, arterial and venous thrombus formation in mice. Moreover, in thrombin-stimulated platelets, salidroside inhibited phosphorylation of AKT (T308/S473) and GSK3β (Ser9). Further, addition of GSK3β inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of salidroside on platelet aggregation and clot retraction. In conclusion, salidroside inhibits platelet function and thrombosis via AKT/GSK3β signaling, suggesting that salidroside may be a novel therapeutic drug for treating thrombotic or cardiovascular diseases.
The Insect Fauna of an empty Granary

A survey of an empty granary was undertaken to assess the size and composition of itsinsect fauna, and the possible importance of such insects as a source of infestation of stored goods. The most important feature of the building in this connection was the presence of boarded-up cavities in the walls. Samples were taken at random from behind all walls, from parts of the grain-distributor system, and from certain other areas. Many grain pests were found associated with the residues. In the wall cavities large populations had been built up, reaching in one case over 2,000 insects in the food material behind a foot length of wall (the average concentration over all cavities examined was 266 insects per foot of wall). The largest populations were behind the north and south walls and, in general, the numbers of insects increased on descending the warehouse. The difference in size of population of the different walls and stories depended largely upon the volume and quality of the debris present in the cavities. The increase in numbers was due to increase in number of species and to increase in individuals of some species.
Effects of puerarin on the pharmacokinetics of astragaloside IV in rats and its potential mechanism

Abstract Context Puerarin and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) are sometimes used together for the treatment of disease in Chinese clinics, however, the drug–drug interaction between puerarin and AS-IV is still unknown. Objective This study investigates the effects of puerarin on the pharmacokinetics of astragaloside IV in rats and clarifies its main mechanism. Materials and methods The pharmacokinetic profiles of oral administration of astragaloside IV (20 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats, with or without pre-treatment of puerarin (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days) were investigated. The effects of puerarin on the transport and metabolic stability of AS-IV were also investigated using Caco-2 cell transwell model and rat liver microsomes. Results The results showed that puerarin could significantly increase the peak plasma concentration (from 48.58 ± 7.26 to 72.71 ± 0.62 ng/mL), and decrease the oral clearance (from 47.5 ± 8.91 to 27.15 ± 9.27 L/h/kg) of AS-IV. The Caco-2 cell transwell experiments indicated that puerarin could decrease the efflux ratio of astragaloside IV from 1.89 to 1.26, and the intrinsic clearance rate of astragaloside IV was decreased by the pre-treatment with puerarin (34.8 ± 2.9 vs. 41.5 ± 3.8 μL/min/mg protein). Discussion and conclusions These results indicated that puerarin could significantly change the pharmacokinetic profiles of astragaloside IV, via increasing the absorption of astragaloside IV or inhibiting the metabolism of astragaloside IV in rats.
Effect of different soil tillage, weed control and phosphorus fertilization on weed biomas, protein and phosphorus content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

This research was carried out in Central Anatolian Region (Haymana, Turkey) throughout 2 years (2002 and 2003). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different soil tillage methods, weed control and phosphorus fertilizer doses on yield and yield componenets of chickpea. The experimental design was split split plot with three replications. In the research, two different soil tillage methods (moldboard plow and rotary tiller), two weed control methods ( hand weeding and herbicide application) and three phosphorus doses (30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha) were used. According to the results, different soil tillage methods and phosphorus fertilization did not have any effect on yield components. In addition to it, increasing levels of phosphorus had decreased the grains phosphorus content. Weed control methods had effect on dry weed biomass and grain yield. If weed control, by hand is not possible, herbicide application may advice as an alternative solution.
Micro-community associated with ectomycorrhizal Russula symbiosis and sporocarp-producing Russula in Fagaceae dominant nature areas in southern China

Russula griseocarnosa, an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus, is a species of precious wild edible mushrooms with very high market value in southern China. Its yield is affected by many factors including the tree species and environmental conditions such as soil microbiome, humidity. How the microbiome promotes the ECM fungus symbiosis with Fagaceae plants and sporocarp-producing has never been studied. In this study, we collected rhizosphere samples from Fujian province, the microbiota in the root and mycorrhizal rhizosphere were identified by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. First, we compared three types of fungal communities: root tips infected with ECM Russula (type 1), tips with Russula sporocarp (type 2) and tips without ECM (type 3). Our results showed that the fungal richness was negatively correlated with Russula. Russula, Tomentella and Lactarius were common in Fagaceae ECM roots. As to the mycorrhizal interactions, Boletus may be considered as an indicator species for sporocarp-producing Russula, and Acremonium, Cladophialophora were associated with Russula symbiosis. Second, we analyzed the fungal and bacterial communities in rhizosphere soils from the corresponding to previously three types (type 1, 2, 3). Dacryobolus and Acidocella may be considered as an indicator species for sporocarp-producing Russula. Fungi Tomentella, Saitozyma, Elaphomyces and bacteria Acidicaldus, Bryobacter, Sorangium and Acidobacterium occurred more frequently in the ECM Russula rhizosphere. Furthermore, the indicators Elaphomyces, Tomentella, Sorangium had a positive correlation with Russula symbiosis by network analyses. Overall, our results suggest a relationship between micro-community and ECM Russula formation and Russula sporocarp, which may provide new strategies for improving Russula symbiosis rate and sporocarp production.
A Panel of Four-lncRNA Signature as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Survival in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as biomarkers for the carcinogenesis and development of various cancers. However, the prognostic significance of lncRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the predictive ability of lncRNAs in clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Among the cohort of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) of the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 525 patients were enrolled in our study. Expression of lncRNAs based on RNAseq was obtained from TCGA. Kaplan-Meier prognostic analysis and a Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to assess related factors. The lncRNA signature was then validated in an independent cohort of an additional 60 ccRCC patients. Hierarchical clustering of the KIRC TCGA dataset identified 26 differentially expressed lncRNAs (11 down-regulated and 15 up-regulated) using average linkage clustering. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis identified 30 statistically significant lncRNAs that strongly predicted prognosis, with 4 ccRCC-specific lncRNAs (TCL6, PVT1, MIR155HG, and HAR1B) being differentially expressed and correlating significantly with OS. Patients assigned to the high-risk group were associated with poor OS compared with patients in the low-risk group (HR = 2.57; 95%CI, 1.89-3.50; p < 0.001). This finding was validated in the Tongji Hospital cohort, and the four-lncRNA signature was shown to be significantly predictive of ccRCC prognosis (p < 0.001). In this study, we constructed an applicable four-lncRNA-based classifier as a reliable prognostic and predictive tool for OS in patients with ccRCC.
Stationary distributions and metastable behaviour for self-regulating proteins with general lifetime distributions

Regulatory molecules such as transcription factors are often present at relatively small copy numbers in living cells. The copy number of a particular molecule fluctuates in time due to the random occurrence of production and degradation reactions. Here we consider a stochastic model for a self-regulating transcription factor whose lifespan (or time till degradation) follows a general distribution modelled as per a multidimensional phase-type process. We show that at steady state the protein copy-number distribution is the same as in a one-dimensional model with exponentially distributed lifetimes. This invariance result holds only if molecules are produced one at a time: we provide explicit counterexamples in the bursty production regime. Additionally, we consider the case of a bistable genetic switch constituted by a positively autoregulating transcription factor. The switch alternately resides in states of up- and downregulation and generates bimodal protein distributions. In the context of our invariance result, we investigate how the choice of lifetime distribution affects the rates of metastable transitions between the two modes of the distribution. The phase-type model, being non-linear and multi-dimensional whilst possessing an explicit stationary distribution, provides a valuable test example for exploring dynamics in complex biological systems.
Antibiotic-dependent relationships between nasal microbiome and secreted proteome in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps

Background Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); however, the effects of antibiotics on the microbiome and secreted proteome remain unknown in regard to CRS. Objective We analyzed the effects of antibiotics on the nasal microbiome and secreted proteome in the context of CRS using multi-omic analysis. Methods Nasal secretions were collected from 29 control, 30 CRS patients without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 40 CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). A total of 99 subjects were divided into two groups that included subjects who had taken antibiotics 3 months prior to sampling (ABX) and those who had not (NABX). We performed 16S rDNA sequence analyses and Orbitrap mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses in data-independent acquisition (DIA) on the nasal secretions. Spearman correlation was used to assess the correlations between the nasal microbiome and secreted proteome. Results We observed a strong association between the nasal microbiome and secreted proteome according to disease status. Antibiotic use reduced differences in the microbial community and secreted proteome according to disease status. Interestingly, in nasal polyp (NP) patients, antibiotics exhibited strong effects not only on the nasal microbiome and the secreted proteome but also on their associations. Additionally, their correlations were strengthened in subjects who had taken antibiotics. Conclusion Integrative analyses revealed that the correlations between the microbiome and the secreted proteome could be altered and strengthened in subjects who used antibiotics. These findings provide novel insight into the effects of antibiotics on the nasal environment and the host responses in CRS.
C-Terminal HA Tags Compromise Function and Exacerbate Phenotypes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bloom’s Helicase Homolog Sgs1 SUMOylation-Associated Mutants

The Sgs1 helicase and Top3-Rmi1 decatenase form a complex that affects homologous recombination outcomes during the mitotic cell cycle and during meiosis. Previous studies have reported that Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 function is regulated by SUMOylation that is catalyzed by the Smc5-Smc6-Mms21 complex. These studies used strains in which SGS1 was C-terminally tagged with three or six copies of a human influenza hemagglutinin-derived epitope tag (3HA and 6HA). They identified SGS1 mutants that affect its SUMOylation, which we will refer to as SGS1 SUMO-site mutants. In previous work, these mutants showed phenotypes consistent with substantial loss of Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 function during the mitotic cell cycle. We find that the reported phenotypes are largely due to the presence of the HA epitope tags. Untagged SGS1 SUMO-site mutants show either wild-type or weak hypomorphic phenotypes, depending on the assay. These phenotypes are exacerbated by both 6HA and 3HA epitope tags in two different S. cerevisiae strain backgrounds. Importantly, a C-terminal 6HA tag confers strong hypomorphic or null phenotypes on an otherwise wild-type Sgs1 protein. Taken together, these results suggest that the HA epitope tags used in previous studies seriously compromise Sgs1 function. Furthermore, they raise the possibilities either that sufficient SUMOylation of the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 complex might still occur in the SUMO-site mutants isolated, or that Smc5-Smc6-Mms21-mediated SUMOylation plays a minor role in the regulation of Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 during recombination.
An Ecological Model of Female-Bonded Primate Groups

1. Multi-female groups of primates fall into two main classes, (a) female-bonded (FB) and (b) non-female-bonded (non-FB). A model is presented to account for the evolution of FB groups in terms of ecological pressures on female relationships. 2. The model suggests that FB groups have evolved as a result of competition for high-quality food patches containing a limited number of feeding sites. Groups are viewed as being based on cooperative relationships among females. These relationships are beneficial because cooperators act together to supplant others from preferred food patches. 3. Ecological data support the model for most FB species, but not for Theropithecus gelada or Colobus guereza, whose foods are not found in high-quality patches with limited feeding sites. Non-FB species conform to expectation, either because they do not use high-quality patches, or because feeding competition has disruptive effects during periods of food scarcity. 4. The behaviour of females differs as expected between FB and non-FB species in group movements and in inter-group interactions; in both contexts females are more involved in FB species. 5. Multi-male groups tend to be found in non-territorial FB species. The presence of several males per group is suggested to benefit females by raising the competitive ability of the group in inter-group interactions. 6. Competitive relationships among females are more strongly marked in FB groups than in non-FB groups. The model suggests that relationships in most FB groups are ultimately related to feeding competition.