Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A High Performance DTC Strategy for Torque Ripple Minimization Using duty ratio control for SRM Drive

Direct torque control (DTC) of Switched reluctance motor is known to have simple control structure with comparable performance to that of field oriented control techniques Direct Torque Control has get more and more attentions, but there still are many problems need to be solved in this field. One of these is to minimize the torque ripple and current harmonics. As we all know the output voltage in DTC contains much harmonics for applying hysteresis band in this kind of system. In this paper the torque ripple in DTC is analyzed in detail with little signal model. It is found that the torque ripple can be divided into two parts, one is only related to the motor parameter and the other is related to not only the applied voltage but also the rotor angular velocity. Based on the analysis, a duty ratio modulation method is proposed that only sends the voltage vector in part of the sampling period, while in the rest time of the sampling period zero voltage vector is sent. The duty ratio modulation algorithm, which is induced from the torque ripple analysis, allocates the sampling period. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed torque ripple minimizing method.
The Critical Success Factors of Erp Selection and Implementation: A Case Study in Logistics Sector

Today’s competitive business environment requires much greater interaction between customer and business. This means that the organization must be closely linked to both supplier and customer in order to produce goods and provide faster deliveries. In order to achieve this, the organizations need to have efficient planning and control systems in all the processes of the organization. In this case, information technology is one of the sources which organizations can apply. Especially, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is just at the heart of daily operations of a company, which leads to efficient processes. In this study, how Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), which enables such sources as workforce, machine and materials needed for the production of goods and services in organizations to be used efficiently, was founded and the problems that organizations face with during foundation were explained. In the study, qualitative analysis method was used. At the end of the study, problems during implementation of ERP system was determined and suggestions regarding to the solutions were presented.
Societal Implications of IT in Religion for Developing Countries

Information Technology has penetrated nearly all aspects of our daily lives such that relationships associated with individuals and organizations are digitally enabled and mediated. Advances in IT have led to changes in the way religious worship has traditionally been done, ushering in a new age of worship that is augmented by or anchored on a digital platform. The paper aimed at investigating societal implications of IT use in religion and to better understand the ways in which IT affects modernization of religion in developing countries. The objectives of the paper were to establish the types of IT applications being used in religion, the co-existence of IT and religious tradition and how use of IT affects the future of religion. The study was conducted through a desk search. The paper concludes that religion and technology have had some form of inter dependence on one another, and therefore for modernization of religion IT will increasingly play an important role. Religion must adopt ways to utilize IT positively while shunning negative aspects that IT can be used for in religion such as propagation of fundamentalism and extremism through IT.
Evidence for atmospheric variability over the Pacific on decadal timescales

An index of Pacific decadal variability based on a multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis of National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis is used to extract associated signals in satellite‐based measurements of atmospheric parameters. This index captures the 1976–1977 “El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐like” warming shift of sea surface temperatures (SST) as well as a more recent transition of opposite sign in the 1990s. Utilizing measurements of water vapor, wind speed, precipitation, long‐wave radiation, as well as surface observations, our analysis shows evidence of the atmospheric changes in the mid‐1990s that accompanied the “ENSO‐like” interdecadal SST changes.
Farmer Evaluations Of The System Of Rice Intensification (SRI) Compared With Conventional Rice Production In Benin

This article summarizes the evaluation of a new method for rice cultivation, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), by a group of 90 rice farmers in Benin. Between August 2009 and June 2012, a series of tests were conducted in two rice ecosystems on 32 plots. This farmer-conducted research focused on the new methodology’s agronomic performance and its labor and seed requirements, also considering what would be the constraints on adoption. The trials showed that SRI methods could increase average yields under farmer conditions by 54 %, while reducing seed requirements by 87 % and shortening the growing season by 14 days. To achieve these benefits required an increase in the amount of labor, by 36 %. Producers participating in this evaluation concluded that SRI offers significant opportunities to increase their rice production, provided its methods are adapted to local conditions
Evaluation of hydrated lime as a cubicle bedding material on the microbial count on teat skin and new intramammary infection

In two experiments, the effect of applying hydrated lime as a cubicle bedding material on the microbial count on teat skin and new intramammary infection were evaluated. In experiment 1, dry dairy cows (n=60) were assigned to one of three cubicle bedding treatments for a 5 week period. The treatments applied were: Hydrated lime (HL), HL (50%) + Ground limestone (50%) (HL/GL) and GL. In experiment 2, two teat disinfectants products chlorhexidine (CH) and iodine (I) were applied to teats at milking in conjunction with two cubicle bedding materials with lactating cows (n=60) for a sixweek period. The treatments applied were: HLCH; HLI; and GLI. The HL treatment had significantly more teats (P<0.001) with no Staphylococcus spp. or Streptococcus spp. bacteria present compared to GL. There were no differences observed between treatments for California Mastitis Test (CMT) score at calving or somatic cell count (SCC) post-calving. In experiment two, the HLI treatment tended (P<0.08) to have lower bulk milk SCC than the GLI. The average bulk milk SCC over the trial period was 68,000, 54,000 and 83,000 cells/mL for HLI, HLCH and GLI, respectively. The incidences of medium-term teat changes were numerically higher with HLI and there were no differences in the mean hyperkeratosis score between treatments. The mean teat hyperkeratosis scores on day 42 were 2.2, 2.1 and 2.1 for HLI, HLCH and GLI, respectively. The HLI treatment had lower levels of Staphylococcal and Streptococcal bacteria on teats compared to GLI (P<0.001). Hydrated lime could be successfully used as cubicle bedding material for dairy cows if used at the recommended rates with either chlorhexidine or iodine based teat disinfectants.
Pathways of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: HIV as a Model System?

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) is a phenomenon found in many diseases and disorders. SMA is characterized by protein degradation induced by various pathways. Ten years ago, little was known about the mechanisms that lead from these disorders to protein degradation. Current research focuses on the mechanisms thought to induce SMA. It is now known that many of these pathways involve ubiquitin conjugate accumulation and increased proteasome activity resulting in rapid protein degradation and decreased synthesis. HIV associated proteins, such as Vpr, cause overexpression of atrogin-1 which promotes atrophy. Cachexia operates mainly through the IKK/NF_B pathway and MuRF-1 Ub-ligase overexpression causes SMA. In contrast, the onset of oxidative stress increases intracellular calcium levels, activating endoproteases and stimulating myofilament degradation. Lastly, diabetes acts in a similar way. Low insulin levels trigger ubconjugation and proteasome activity leading to SMA. In order to treat SMA in the aforementioned disorders, specified inhibitor drugs are being considered for hindering the pathway. This review proposes to use the HIV virus as a model to investigate how these diseases induce SMA with further investigations of the mechanisms from HIV to the aforementioned diseases. Possible treatments are associated with the reverse pathway, hypertrophy, which suppresses protein degradation and increases synthesis.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ PERSPECTIVES ON GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN MALAYSIA

University governance is the process of policy making at the highest level within the institutional framework so that the university as an organization could be organized and managed according to its purpose of establishment. There are several theories that can describe governance practice. Structural theory, political theory, and open systems theory have been referred to as the theories that are able to provide partial explanation for governance practice. In practice, university governance has changed over the last quarter of a century and universities are increasingly encountered with complex issues that demand better solutions. This study has been conducted on seven members of the universities’ Board of Directors from the Malaysian public universities to gain an insight into their understanding on the importance of governance as well as to find out the key elements affecting governance activities according to their experiences. Utilizing the qualitative approach, despite documents analysis, interviews with seven members of the University Board of Directors from two public universities were conducted and each interviewee was asked a semi structured open ended questions following an interview protocol. The findings suggest that there is no single theory that could best described the tenability of the governance process in Malaysia, but rather there are combinations of the structural, political and open system theories to describe the characteristics of the Malaysian public universities and how governance works in Malaysia. Several concerns have also been pointed out that have affected the governance practice. These include the aspects of university autonomy, leadership, power of the Board of Directors, representation in the Board, and laws on university governance. There should be an enabling and supportive framework so that the Board of Directors can contribute more effectively in the governance practice. Key words: board of director, governance, public university, leadership
Tumor Microenvironment In Experimental Models Of Human Cancer: Morphological Investigational Approaches

Introduction . Tumor microenvironment (TME) is defined as the non-tumoral part of tumors. It is composed of different cell populations and structures (such as tumor-associated vasculature, immune-inflammatory cells, fibroblasts…) (Hanahan and Coussens, 2012). TME could either promote or antagonize tumor growth and has a great potential as target for novel therapeutic strategies. Along with several methods (i.e. molecular assays), morphological techniques allow to evaluate the components of TME in the setting of their action. The aim of this work was to set up and define valuable morphological approaches useful in the investigation of the TME. Materials and methods. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques, along with digital image analysis, were tested on experimental mouse models (both xenograft and genetically engineered mice) of four different human tumors (ovarian cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), colon adenocarcinoma, thyroid carcinoma). Results. Concerning the vascular compartment, CD31 immunostaining and double-immunofluorescence with CD31 and a-SMA (pericytes marker) allowed to respectively quantify vessels and evaluate their maturation degree. Immunohistochemical detection of previously administrated Pimonidazole, revealed variable extended areas of hypoxia within tumoral masses in a consistent pattern between frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Concerning the stromal component, anti-human MHC I and specie-specific markers for Vimentin demonstrated the host-derivation of stroma in xenotumors, while Sirius Red histochemical staining allowed the quantification of desmoplasia in models of PDAC. Concerning immune-inflammatory cells, an immunohistochemical panel with CD3 (T lymphocytes), B220 (B lymphocytes), MPO (neutrophils) and Iba-1 (macrophages), showed high reliability in characterizing the tumoral infiltrate. Moreover, the application of markers specific for different macrophage subsets confirmed the higher prevalence of M2 (Arginase I positive) on M1 (iNOS positive) macrophages. YM1 demonstrated a low performance in detecting the M2 population (Fig. 1). Discussion and conclusions. Due to the microenvironmental heterogeneity which influence tumor development and biological behavior, a sole quantification is unreliable for characterizing the TME. Considering that, morphological techniques proved to be a valuable approach, allowing the evaluation of the spatial distribution and mutual interaction between the different elements. Additional studies are needed for further investigate the biological significance of spatial distribution of the components of the TME.
Biological and Physicochemical Parameters Related to the Nitrogen Cycle in the Rhizospheric Soil of Native Potato ( Solanumphureja ) Crops of Colombia Nathalia Flórez-Zapata and

Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in agricultural production. This study was designed to evaluate the presence of cultivable N cycle-associated microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria—NFB, proteolytic bacteria—PR, ammonifiers—AMO, ammoniumoxidizing bacteria—AOB, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria—NOB, and denitrifiers—DEN), and their relationship with physical-chemical and agronomic soil descriptors, in Solanum phureja rhizospheric soil samples, from traditional and organic crop management farms. A cluster analysis with the physical and chemical properties of soil, allowed to identify the organic matter content as an important factor that determines the outcome of that grouping. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between farms were found in the abundance of this groups, but correlation analysis showed that proteolytic and nitrogen fixing bacteria were the main nitrogen associated functional groups affected by soils’ physical-chemical characteristics. The amount of ammonia available is affected by the agricultural management strategy, which consequently affects the NFB abundance. Finally the results showed that PR, protease activity and soil properties related with organic matter transformation has a positive relationship with productivity, which given the high organic matter content of the Andean soils being studied, we conclude that nitrogen mineralization process has an important role in the nitrogen cycle and its bioavailability in this ecosystem.
Intraregional Inequality in China: A Decomposition Analysis

This paper analyzes the development of intra‑provincial regional disparities in China between 1989 and 2001. Although previous studies did find evidence for significant regional disparities on the sub‑provincial level research on this topic remains sparse and mostly piecework. Neither trends nor causalities are sufficiently understood. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to provide an consistent measurement of level development and relative importance of intraregional disparities. The results show that intraregional disparities contribute significantly to total inequality and that the relative importance of these disparities is even increasing in recent years. By further decomposing intra‑provincial income disparities it is found that regional components account for about half of the measured intra‑provincial inequality. Thus the spatial component of intraprovincial disparities ‑ compared with a sectoral or rural‑urban division ‑ should not be ignored. Additionally the need for analysis on lower levels of aggregation is highlighted. Generally the results call for a further analysis of intraregional disparities on the sub‑provincial level.
Power of the Neyman Smooth Test for Evaluating Multivariate Forecast Densities

We compare and investigate Neyman's smooth test, its components, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) goodness-of-fit test for testing the uniformity of multivariate forecast densities. Simulations indicate that the KS test lacks power when the forecast distributions are misspecified, especially for correlated sequences of random variables. Neyman's smooth test and its components work well in samples of size typically available, although there sometimes are size distortions. The components provide directed diagnosis regarding the kind of departure from the null. For illustration, the tests are applied to forecast densities obtained from a bivariate threshold model fitted to high-frequency financial data.
Robust neural networks control of omni-mecanum wheeled robot with hamilton-jacobi inequality

This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of controlling mechanical objects of unspecified description, considering variable operating conditions. The controlled object is a mobile robot with mecanum wheels (MRK M). To solve the control task, taking into account compensation for nonlinearity and the object variable operating conditions, the Lyapunov stability theory is applied, including the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) inequality. A neural network with basic sigmoid functions is used to compensate for the nonlinearity and variable operating conditions of the robot. A simulation example is provided in order to evaluate the analytical considerations. The simulation results obtained confirmed high accuracy of the predicted robot motion in variable operating conditions.
Detoxification of copper fungicide using EDTA-modified cellulosic material.

Pesticides are poisons and can be particularly dangerous when misused or carelessly disposed. The detoxification of a copper fungicide (KOCIDE 101) using maize cob, a cellulosic material, was studied. Based on copper as the active agent (after a sorption period of 1 h), the concentration of the fungicide reduced from an initial value of 2000 to 206.25 ppm for the unmodified maize cob and to 24.31 ppm for the modified maize cob. The pseudo-first and second order rate equations were used to model the detoxification process. The intraparticle diffusivity and mechanism of the sorption was proposed. Also, equilibrium sorption isotherms were evaluated using the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. This results show that maize cob is an effective adsorbent for copper fungicide deactivation and detoxification.
Detection of Non-Linearity in the Time Series Using BDS Test

The need to determine the status of the series is a very important issue that must be addressed before embarking on the statistical analysis of such series; this paper therefore, examines the status of the commercial bank savings in Nigeria. From the analysis we discovered that at level the series was not stationary as shown in figure 1, however at the first difference (figure 2) the series was stationary, so also the unit root test applied shows that at level the series was not stationary (table 1) but at first difference it was stationary (table 2) and this actually paved way for the application of Brock- Dechert-Scheinkman (table 3) test which actually revealed that this series could be best estimated by the use of non-linear model as the null hypothesis of linearity of the series was out rightly rejected and the alternative was accepted. The importance of this result lies on the fact that it guides against model misspecification as using linear model to estimate the parameter of the non-linear model will result in model judgmental error.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 14.5° N in 1989 and 2013 and 24.5° N in 1992 and 2015: volume, heat, and freshwater transports

Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is analyzed by applying a box inverse model to hydrographic data from transatlantic sections along 14.5∘ N, occupied in 1989 and 2013, and along 24.5∘ N, occupied in 1992 and 2015. Direct comparison of water mass properties among the different realizations at the respective latitudes shows that the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) became warmer and saltier at 14.5∘ N, and the densest Antarctic Bottom Water became lighter, while the North Atlantic Deep Water freshened at both latitudes. The inverse solution shows that the intermediate layer transport at 14.5∘ N was also markedly weaker in 2013 than in 1989, indicating that the AAIW property changes at this latitude may be related to changes in the circulation. The inverse solution was validated using the RAPID and MOVE array data, and the GECCO2 ocean state estimate. Comparison among these datasets indicates that the AMOC has not significantly weakened over the past 2 decades at both latitudes. Sensitivity tests of the inverse solution suggest that the overturning structure and heat transport across the 14.5∘ N section are sensitive to the Ekman transport, while freshwater transport is sensitive to the transport-weighted salinity at the western boundary.
Population genetic structure of Calanoides natalis (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Benguela upwelling system

The population genetic structure of Calanoides natalis (ex Calanoides carinatus; Copepoda, Calanoida), an ecologically important component of African upwelling systems, was studied in order to (i) search for potential cryptic species, (ii) describe spatial patterns in the distribution of genetic variance and (iii) identify potential barriers to gene flow. Samples were obtained in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Iberian Peninsula to Namibia. Analysis of mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; COI) and nuclear (citrate synthase; CS) marker genes revealed a genetically cohesive population of C. natalis with a prevalent shift in allele frequencies. The discovery of a deep split solely present in the mitochondrial dataset does not point to cryptic speciation, but rather suggests the occurrence of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes or incomplete reproductive isolation upon secondary contact. Genetic differentiation between the northern and southern hemisphere was significant, which may point to a potential, but permeable barrier close to the equator. No vertical genetic structuring was detected in the northern Benguela implying that horizontal differentiation was more pronounced than vertical structuring. Retention mechanisms and the oxygen minimum zone did not have a strong impact on genetic differentiation of C. natalis in the Benguela region.