Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight IDS Based on J48 Algorithm for Detecting DoS Attacks on IoT Middleware

Internet of Things (IoT) is starting to be broadly used in healthcare. The IoT in health comprises health sensors which need to get their data into the cloud through middleware acting as a gateway. Health sensor devices are having issues pertaining interoperability, hence a middleware is needed to resolve them. However, there are Denial of Service (DoS) threats impending the IoT middleware, which can be problems for its availability. Due to DoS attacks, sensors' data would not be able to reach the middleware. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be addressed as a solution for the attack. Since the IoT middleware is resource constrained, an IDS with lightweight algorithm is needed as solution. J48 machine learning algorithm is tested as reliable for use in constrained devices, so at this study we equipped the middleware using a lightweight IDS based on J48 algorithm to overcome the DoS menace. The test results said that the IDS could capture 75% of network packets. It had been 100% successful in detecting the intrusion, though.
Classification Consistency of Concentrated and Relaxed Mental States with EEG Signals

Using EEG signal as a mean for brain-computer interface (BCI) is a challenging task due to the high variability of the EEG signals, even for the same subject in different recording dates. In this paper, we study whether EEG signals recorded in different days can have consistent classification results with a toy-grade EEG (Electroencephalography) recorder. The experimental results show that some subjects have high consistency, but some are not. The results suggest that BCI could be implemented even with a cheap EEG device provided that subjects are pre-screened.
Perturbative Renormalization of Lattice N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory

We consider N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory on a four-dimensional lattice. The lattice formulation under consideration retains one exact supersymmetry at non-zero lattice spacing. We show that this feature combined with gauge invariance and the large point group symmetry of the lattice theory ensures that the only counterterms that appear at any order in perturbation theory correspond to renormalizations of existing terms in the bare lattice action. In particular we find that no mass terms are generated at any finite order of perturbation theory. We calculate these renormalizations by examining the fermion and auxiliary boson self energies at one loop and find that they all exhibit a common logarithmic divergence which can be absorbed by a single wavefunction renormalization. This finding implies that at one loop only a fine tuning of the finite parts is required to regain full supersymmetry in the continuum limit.
Discourse Marker Prediction ( DMP ) Natural Language Inference ( NLI ) Combination Interaction Layer Glove Glove Glove

Natural Language Inference (NLI), also known as Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE), is one of the most important problems in natural language processing. It requires to infer the logical relationship between two given sentences. While current approaches mostly focus on the interaction architectures of the sentences, in this paper, we propose to transfer knowledge from some important discourse markers to augment the quality of the NLI model. We observe that people usually use some discourse markers such as “so” or “but” to represent the logical relationship between two sentences. These words potentially have deep connections with the meanings of the sentences, thus can be utilized to help improve the representations of them. Moreover, we use reinforcement learning to optimize a new objective function with a reward defined by the property of the NLI datasets to make full use of the labels information. Experiments show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on several large-scale datasets.
Bytecode Heuristic Signatures for Detecting Malware Behavior

For a long time, the most important approach for detecting malicious applications was the use of static, hash-based signatures. This approach provides a fast response time, has a low performance overhead and is very stable due to its simplicity. However, with the rapid growth in the number of malware, as well as their increased complexity in terms of polymorphism and evasion, the era of reactive security solutions started to fade in favor of new, proactive approaches such as behavior based detection. We propose a novel approach that uses an interpreter virtual machine to run proactive behavior heuristics from bytecode signatures, thus combining the advantages of behavior based detection with those of signatures. Based on our approximation, using this approach we succeeded to reduce by 85% the time required to update a behavior based detection solution to detect new threats, while continuing to benefit from the versatility of behavior heuristics.
Security Proof of Beetle and SpoC

In this paper, we generalize the duplexing interface of the duplex mode, which encompasses Beetle as well as a new sponge-like mode SpoC (round 1 submission to NIST LwC). We call this wide class of constructions, Transform-then-Permute. We show a tight security bound for Transform-then-Permute, which reduces to finding an exact estimation of the expected number of multi-chains (introduced in this paper). Further, we give an exact estimation of the expected number of multichains in case of Beetle and SpoC, which leads to an improved security bound. For both the constructions, we show that the dominating term is rT/2 + DT/2, where D and T denote the data and time complexity, respectively, and r, c, and b denote the rate and capacity bits, respectively. In the context of NIST LwC requirement, SpoC based on 192-bit permutation achieves the desired security with as large as 64-bit rate, which is not achieved by either duplex or Beetle (as per the stateof-the-art bounds). As an extreme choice, our results imply that Beetle or SpoC mode with 160-bit permutation and 32-bit rate can also satisfy the NIST LwC requirements.
Voices of fear and safety : women’s ambivalence towards breast cancer and breast health practices in Jordan

vi List of publications . vii List of abbreviations . 2 Preface . 3 1 Background . 4 1.1 Global burden of cancer . 4 1.2 Global burden of breast cancer . 5 1.3 Cancer in the East Mediterranean region . 6 1.4 Breast cancer in Arab countries . 7 1.5 Jordan . 7 1.6 Jordan’s health system . 8 1.7 Breast cancer in Jordan . 9 1.8 Jordan’s breast health guidelines . 11 2 Points of departure . 12 2.1 Conceptual frameworks . 12 3 Aims and objectives . 15 3.1 Overall aim. 15 3.2 Specific objectives . 15 4 Methods . 16 4.1 Study setting. 16 4.2 Participants, data collection and analysis . 19 4.2.1 Article I . 19 4.2. 2 Article II . 19 4.2. 3 Article III . 20 4.2. 4 Article IV . 21 4.3 Ethical considerations . 24 5 Findings . 26 5.1 Breast health knowledge . 26 5.2 Breast health practices . 27 5.3 Perceptions on breast cancer and breast health . 29 5.3.1 Women’s perceptions . 29 5.3.2 Men’s perceptions . 35 6 Discussion . 42 6.1 Breast health knowledge and practices . 42 6.2 Perceptions on breast cancer and breast health . 44 6.3 Strengths and limitations . 49 7 Conclusions . 51 8 Policy and research implications . 52 9 Acknowledgements . 53 10 References . 56 11 Appendices . 68
School-Age Children's Perception of Stress in the Hospital: A Draw and Tell Story

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of stress for hospitalized school-age child, seven to nine years of age, through a child-centered draw and tell technique. Over 3 million children are hospitalized every year (NACHRI, 2012). Hospitalization of children is reserved for increasingly complex care. Since the 1960’s, it has been well known that hospitalization can be a traumatic experience for children (King & Ziegler, 1981; Thompson, 1986; Vernon, Foley, Simpowicz, & Schulman, 1965; Visintainer & Wolfer, 1975). This experience elicits feelings of fear, uncertainty, pain and discomfort that can affect a child’s healing, behavior and health outcomes (Hopia, Tomlinson, Paavilainen, Paivi, 2004). Although the psychosocial impact of hospitalization is evident, it has not been fully explored from a child’s perspective. Thirty child participants in a large Midwest children’s hospital were interviewed
Marine Pilot’s Reliability Index (MPRI): Evaluation of marine pilot reliability in uncertain environments

This paper proposes a hybrid human reliability analysis model, comprised of qualitative and quantitative approaches, to measure the pilot performance for accident prevention in ports. The first part of this research is a qualitative investigation aimed at developing marine pilot reliability indexes (MPRIs) by conducting field observation, semi-structured focus-group interviews, and accident data analysis at ports. The results from the first part aid the identification of the key players involved in pilotage operations and the main factors influencing pilot reliability. To examine the impact of the identified factors in shaping pilot reliability, the Delphi approach is used in the second part of the study. The Delphi approach allows for the development of a MPRI agreed upon by experts. In the third part, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to rank the importance of each identified MPRI. It is followed by an empirical assessment of the reliability of a marine pilot under uncertainty using Fuzzy Evidential Reasoning (FER). Three senior marine pilots in one of the major marine ports in the Middle East region are assessed using the developed MPRI model. The results reveal the novelty of this assessment tool in offering an effective and flexible reliability assessment and diagnostic instrument for decision makers to predict the reduction of pilot reliability.
Fermi and nearby Dark Matter subhalos

We study the local flux of electrons and positrons from annihilating Dark Matter (DM), and investigate how its spectrum depends on the choice of DM model and inhomogeneities in the DM distribution. Below a cutoff energy, the flux is expected to have a universal power-law form with an index n ≈ −2. The cutoff energy and the behavior of the flux near the cutoff is model dependent. The dependence on the DM host halo profile may be significant at energies E < 100 GeV and leads to softening of the flux, n < −2. There may be additional features at high energies due to the presence of local clumps of DM, especially for models in which the Sommerfeld effect boosts subhalo luminosities. In general, the flux from a nearby clump gives rise to a harder spectrum of electrons and positrons, with an index n > −2. Using the Via Lactea II simulation, we estimate the probability of such subhalo effects in a generic Sommerfeld-enhanced model to be at least 4%, and possibly as high as 15% if subhalos below the simulation’s resolution limit are accounted for. We discuss the consequences of these results for the interpretation of the ATIC, PAMELA, HESS, and Fermi data, as well as for future experiments.
On-Line Filtering of On-Street Parking Data to Improve Availability Predictions

Knowing where to park in advance is a most wished feature by many drivers. In recent years, many research efforts have been spent to analyse massive amount of parking information, to learn availability trends and thus to predict, within a Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) system, where there is the highest chance to find free parking spaces. The most of these solutions exploits raw data coming from stationary sensors or crowd-sensed by mobile probes. In both the cases, these massive amounts of data present a high level of noise, which heavily affects the quality of availability predictions. In a previous work we demonstrated that a 2-step approach, based on machine learning techniques to filter out noise, improves the quality of parking availability predictions over raw data. In this paper we propose a further advancement of that approach, by including a technique to perform such noise filtering in real-time, with reduced computational efforts. The proposal has been empirically tested on a real-world dataset of on-street parking information from the SFpark project, and compared against a regression model based on SVR, to perform parking availability predictions. Results show that the predictions obtained with the new on-line approach show a better balance between average and entropy in errors distribution with respect to the use of raw data coming from the sensors.
Correlates of immigrant workers’ job satisfaction

Research in the career development field has primarily focused on the barriers immigrant workers face when integrating into the workforce and how they can overcome these barriers. There have been few studies investigating contextual factors that impede workplace integration. To address this gap, the current study surveyed employed immigrant workers across Canada about their job satisfaction, in relation to their bicultural competence, English language usage, social support, and workplace attitudes. A correlational analysis revealed significant correlations between bicultural competence, English language usage, social support, workplace attitudes and immigrant worker job satisfaction. Results from this study highlighted the importance of considering contextual influences such as workplace attitudes in developing research and practices to support the successful employment integration of immigrant workers.
MAGNETOCALORIC PROPERTIES OF MnAs

J.-Y. Duquesne, J.-Y. Prieur, J. Agudo Canalejo, V.H. Etgens, 2 M. Eddrief, A.L. Ferreira, 3 and M. Marangolo Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UPMC-CNRS UMR 7588, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France. Fédération Lavoisier Franklin, UVSQ, 45 avenue des Etats Unis 78035 Versailles cedex, France. Departamento de F́ısica, UFPR, Centro Politécnico, Caixa Postal 19091, 81531-990, Curitiba PR, Brazil. (Dated: May 2, 2014)
The 0.1 <z < 1.65 evolution of the bright end of the [O ii] luminosity function

We present the [Oii] (λλ3729,3726) luminosity function measured in the redshift range 0.1 <z< 1.65 with unprecedented depth and accuracy. Our measurements are based on medium resolution flux-calibrated spectra of emission line galaxies with the visual and near UV FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph (FORS2) for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and with the SDSS-III/BOSS spectrograph. The FORS2 spectra and the corresponding catalog containing redshifts and line fluxes are released along with this paper. In this work we use a novel method to combine these surveys with GAMA, zCOSMOS, and VVDS, which have different target selection, producing a consistent weighting scheme to derive the [Oii] luminosity function. The[Oii] luminosity function is in good agreement with previous independent estimates. The comparison with two state-of-the-art semi-analytical models is good, which is encouraging for the production of mock catalogs of [Oii] flux limited surveys. We observe the bright end evolution over 8.5 Gyr: we measure the decrease of log L∗ from 42.4 erg/s at redshift 1.44 to 41.2 at redshift 0.165 and we find that the faint end slope flattens when redshift decreases. This measurement confirms the feasibility of the target selection of future baryonic acoustic oscillation surveys aiming at observing [Oii] flux limited samples.
Essentiality of the Maltase AmlE in Maltose Utilization and Its Transcriptional Regulation by the Repressor AmlR in the Acarbose-Producing Bacterium Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110

Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 is the wild type of industrial production strains of the fine-chemical acarbose (acarviosyl-maltose), which is used as α-glucosidase inhibitor in the treatment of type II diabetes. Although maltose is an important building block of acarbose, the maltose/maltodextrin metabolism has not been studied in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 yet. Bioinformatic analysis located a putative maltase gene amlE (ACSP50_2474, previously named malL; Wendler et al., 2015a), in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR (ACSP50_2475), and a gene downstream (ACSP50_2473) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. Targeted gene deletion mutants of amlE and amlR were constructed by use of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. By growth experiments and functional assays of ΔamlE, we could show that AmlE is essential for the maltose utilization in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. Neither a gene encoding a maltose phosphorylase (MalP) nor MalP enzyme activity were detected in the wild type. By this, the maltose/maltodextrin system appears to be fundamentally different from other described prokaryotic systems. By sequence similarity analysis and functional assays from the species Streptomyces lividans TK23, S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. glaucescens GLA.O, first hints for a widespread lack of MalP and presence of AmlE in the class Actinobacteria were given. Transcription of the aml operon is significantly repressed in the wild type when growing on glucose and repression is absent in an ΔamlR deletion mutant. Although AmlR apparently is a local transcriptional regulator of the aml operon, the ΔamlR strain shows severe growth inhibitions on glucose and – concomitantly – differential transcription of several genes of various functional classes. We ascribe these effects to ACSP50_2473, which is localized downstream of amlE and presumably involved in the metabolism of the second messenger c-di-GMP. It can be assumed, that maltose does not only represent the most important carbon source of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110, but that its metabolism is coupled to the nucleotide messenger system of c-di-GMP.
Engineering Photoactivatability in Genetically Encoded Voltage and pH Indicators

Genetically-encoded indicators of neuronal activity enable the labeling of a genetically defined population of neurons to optically monitor their activities. However, researchers often find difficulties in identifying relevant signals from excessive background fluorescence. A photoactivatable version of a genetically encoded calcium indicator, sPA-GCaMP6f is a good example of circumventing such an obstacle by limiting the fluorescence to a region of interest defined by the user. Here, we apply this strategy to genetically encoded voltage (GEVI) and pH (GEPI) indicators. Three photoactivatable GEVI candidates were considered. The first one used a circularly-permuted fluorescent protein, the second design involved a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair, and the third approach employed a pH-sensitive variant of GFP, ecliptic pHluorin. The candidate with a variant of ecliptic pHluorin exhibited photoactivation and a voltage-dependent fluorescence change. This effort also yielded a pH-sensitive photoactivatable GFP that varies its brightness in response to intracellular pH changes.
Airway Pressure Gradient May Decrease the Beating Amplitude of Cilia

Motile cilia reside on the surface of the epithelial layer of the lungs and facilitates the clearance of mucus in the airways. Bordering the epithelial layer and surrounding cilia is the periciliary liquid (PCL) that lubricates the epithelial layer. In the present work, we propose a novel approach to study how changes in biomechanics affect the physiological functioning of cilia in healthy subjects and in patients with CF, COPD and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). In particular, we investigate the response of cilia to different local pressure gradient during gaseous exchange. We hypothesize that the airway pressure gradient that occur during inhalation and exhalation may displace mucus and PCL and exert pressure on cilia. Therefore, cilia must be able to withstand the forces created by the airway pressure gradient, otherwise the magnitude of its efficient strokes and its rate of mucociliary clearance would decrease. We develop a computational model of the airways to quantify the effect of airway pressure gradient on cilia dynamics. In the model, cilia are represented as elastic solids, PCL and mucus is represented as fluids with different densities and viscosities. The simulation results show that in diseases such as PCD, where there exist changes in ciliary structure, the airway pressure gradient may affect the effective stroke of cilia and decrease the rate of mucociliary clearance. Simulation results predict that the average stress experienced by cilia varies exponential with the number of cilia shed from CF and COPD airways.
Acute Chemogenetic Activation of CamKIIα-Positive Forebrain Excitatory Neurons Regulates Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Mice

Anxiety disorders are amongst the most prevalent mental health disorders. Several lines of evidence have implicated cortical regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and insular cortex along with the hippocampus in the top–down modulation of anxiety-like behaviour in animal models. Both rodent models of anxiety, as well as treatment with anxiolytic drugs, result in the concomitant activation of multiple forebrain regions. Here, we sought to examine the effects of chemogenetic activation or inhibition of forebrain principal neurons on anxiety and despair-like behaviour. We acutely activated or inhibited Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CamKIIα)-positive forebrain excitatory neurons using the hM3Dq or the hM4Di Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) respectively. Circuit activation was confirmed via an increase in expression of the immediate early gene, c-Fos, within both the hippocampus and the neocortex. We then examined the influence of DREADD-mediated activation of forebrain excitatory neurons on behavioural tests for anxiety and despair-like behaviour. Our results indicate that acute hM3Dq DREADD activation of forebrain excitatory neurons resulted in a significant decline in anxiety-like behaviour on the open field, light–dark avoidance, and the elevated plus maze test. In contrast, hM3Dq DREADD activation of forebrain excitatory neurons did not alter despair-like behaviour on either the tail suspension or forced swim tests. Acute hM4Di DREADD inhibition of CamKIIα-positive forebrain excitatory neurons did not modify either anxiety or despair-like behaviour. Taken together, our results demonstrate that chemogenetic activation of excitatory neurons in the forebrain decreases anxiety-like behaviour in mice.
The p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Facilitates TrkB Signaling and Function in Rat Hippocampal Neurons

Neurotrophins activate Trk receptor signaling to support neuronal survival and many aspects of neuronal function. Early studies demonstrated that TrkA formed a complex with the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which increased the affinity and selectivity of NGF binding, however, whether interaction of p75NTR with other Trk receptors performs a similar function to enhance ligand binding has not been demonstrated. We investigated the interaction of TrkB with full length p75NTR in hippocampal neurons in response to BDNF and found that the association of these receptors occurs after ligand binding and requires phosphorylation of TrkB, indicating that formation of this receptor complex was not necessary for ligand binding. Moreover, the interaction of these receptors required internalization and localization to early endosomes. We found that association of TrkB with p75NTR was necessary for optimal downstream signaling of the PI3K-Akt pathway, but not the Erk pathway, in hippocampal neurons. The absence of p75NTR impaired the ability of BDNF to rescue hippocampal neurons in a trophic deprivation model, suggesting that p75NTR facilitates the ability of TrkB to activate specific pathways to promote neuronal survival.