Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equality Before the Law for Male and Female Worker at PT Perkebunan Nusantara III (PTPN III)

This study discusses the equality before the law for male and female worker at PTPN III. Ideally, human relation must be established without discrimination. This study focuses on finding out the causes of why PTPN III did not apply equality before the law to male and female workers. This is a normative legal research using a normative juridical method. There is an imbalance of the human relation among the workers since the company does not apply the principle of equality before the law. In the context of remuneration, the provisions of Article 44 Paragraph (1) and (4) of the Collective Labor Agreement for the year of 20162017 between PTPN III and the Worker Union of PTPN III (CLA) contain a discrimination against women workers. Legal protection for women workers from discrimination has been regulated in the 1945 Constitution, various laws and regulations, and ILO conventions. In conclusion, discrimination of workers is contrary to the human rights. The CLA should immediately be revised to achieve the equality before the law for male and female workers.
All three domains of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein LMP-1 are required for transformation of rat-1 fibroblasts

LMP-1, the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1, is the only protein encoded by the virus that has been shown to have the properties of a transforming oncogene in rodent fibroblasts such as Rat-1 cells. LMP-1 is phosphorylated and proteolytically cleaved in Rat-1 cells in a manner similar to that seen in human lymphocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that all three major domains of LMP-1 (N-terminal, transmembrane, and C-terminal domains) are required for the ability to transform Rat-1 cells in culture, as assayed by loss of contact inhibition. This study is the first demonstration of a functional role for the C-terminal domain of LMP-1. Our analysis suggests that there are at least three distinct regions of the C terminus involved in signalling. Amino acids 306 to 334, which generate a toxic signal in the absence of amino acids 334 to 364, and the last 23 amino acids, 364 to 386, are essential for transformation. Biochemical analysis of the LMP-1 mutants with the three domains deleted indicate that the mutant N-terminal with the domain deleted is phosphorylated normally but is inefficiently cleaved compared with the wild-type LMP-1. The mutant with the transmembrane domain deleted is also phosphorylated but is not cleaved, showing that phosphorylation of LMP-1 does not require membrane association. The nontransforming mutant with the C-terminal domain deleted that lacks the last 23 amino acids is phosphorylated and cleaved. Therefore, these processing events alone are insufficient to generate a transforming signal.
Identification of Paramyxovirus V Protein Residues Essential for STAT Protein Degradation and Promotion of Virus Replication

ABSTRACT Some paramyxovirus V proteins induce STAT protein degradation, and the amino acids essential for this process in the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) V protein have been studied. Various recombinant hPIV2s and cell lines constitutively expressing various mutant V proteins were generated. We found that V proteins with replacement of Cys residues of the Cys cluster were still able to bind STATs but were unable to induce their degradation. The hPIV2 V protein binds STATs via a W-(X)3-W-(X)9-W Trp motif located just upstream of the Cys cluster. Replacements of two or more Trp residues in this motif resulted in a failure to form a V/STAT2 complex. We have also identified two Phe residues of the hPIV2 V protein that are essential for STAT degradation, namely, Phe207, lying within the Cys cluster, and Phe143, in the P/V common region of the protein. Interestingly, infection of BHK cells with hPIV2 led to the specific degradation of STAT1 and not STAT2. Other evidence for the cell species specificity of hPIV2-induced STAT degradation is presented. Finally, a V-minus hPIV2, which can express only the P protein from its P gene, was generated and partially characterized. In contrast to V-minus viruses of other paramyxovirus genera, this V-minus rubulavirus was highly debilitated, and its growth even in Vero cells was very limited. The structural rubulavirus V proteins, as expected, are thus clearly important in promoting virus growth, independent of their anti-interferon (IFN) activity. Interestingly, many of the residues that are essential for anti-IFN activity, e.g., the Cys of this cluster and Phe207 within this cluster, as well as the Trp of this motif, are also essential for promoting virus growth.
Hybrid Insulin Receptors: Molecular Mechanisms of Negative-Dominant Mutations in Receptor-Mediated Insulin Resistance

Certain syndromes of extreme insulin resistance are the result of negative-dominant mutations of the insulin receptor. The insulin-receptor heterotetramer appears to be the minimal functional unit for insulin signal transduction probably due to a requirement for intersubunit interactions. The observation that insulin and insulinlike growth factor I receptors can be found in hybrid heterotetramers suggests that insulin receptors can be composed of heterodimers that are the products of separate genes. Such a structure provides a potential molecular mechanism for negative-dominant receptor mutations.
A 3D system prototype of an eDRAM cache stacked over processor-like logic using through-silicon vias

3D integration (3DI) holds promise for improved performance of integrated systems by increasing interconnect bandwidth [1]. A processor stacked with cache memory is one potential application of 3DI [2]. This work describes the design and operation of a prototype of a 3D system, constructed by stacking a memory layer, built with eDRAM [3] and logic blocks from the IBM Power7™ processor L3 cache, and a “processor proxy” layer in 45nm CMOS technology [4] enhanced to include through-silicon vias (TSVs) [5]. Unlike the previously reported 3D eDRAM [6], the 3D stack described here is constructed using 50μm pitch μC4's joining the front side of one thick chip to TSV connections on the back side of a thinned chip. TSVs are formed of Cu-filled vias that are ~20μm in diameter and <;100μm deep [5].
Metabolic Substrates Exhibit Differential Effects on Functional Parameters of Mouse Sperm Capacitation1

ABSTRACT Although substantial evidence exists that sperm ATP production via glycolysis is required for mammalian sperm function and male fertility, conflicting reports involving multiple species have appeared regarding the ability of individual glycolytic or mitochondrial substrates to support the physiological changes that occur during capacitation. Several mouse models with defects in the signaling pathways required for capacitation exhibit reductions in sperm ATP levels, suggesting regulatory interactions between sperm metabolism and signal transduction cascades. To better understand these interactions, we conducted quantitative studies of mouse sperm throughout a 2-h in vitro capacitation period and compared the effects of single substrates assayed under identical conditions. Multiple glycolytic and nonglycolytic substrates maintained sperm ATP levels and comparable percentages of motility, but only glucose and mannose supported hyperactivation. These monosaccharides and fructose supported the full pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas nonglycolytic substrates supported at least partial tyrosine phosphorylation. Inhibition of glycolysis impaired motility in the presence of glucose, fructose, or pyruvate but not in the presence of hydroxybutyrate. Addition of an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation reduced motility with pyruvate or hydroxybutyrate as substrates but unexpectedly stimulated hyperactivation with fructose. Investigating differences between glucose and fructose in more detail, we demonstrated that hyperactivation results from the active metabolism of glucose. Differences between glucose and fructose appeared to be downstream of changes in intracellular pH, which rose to comparable levels during incubation with either substrate. Sperm redox pathways were differentially affected, with higher levels of associated metabolites and reactive oxygen species generated during incubations with fructose than during incubations with glucose.
Decoding intravesical pressure from local field potentials in rat lumbosacral spinal cord

Chronic monitoring of intravesical pressure is required to detect the onset of intravesical hypertension and the progression of a more severe condition. Recent reports demonstrate the bladder state can be monitored from the spiking activity of the dorsal root ganglia or lumbosacral spinal cord. However, one of the most serious challenges for these methods is the difficulty of sustained spike signal acquisition due to the high-electrode-location-sensitivity of spikes or neuro-degeneration. Alternatively, it has been demonstrated that local field potential recordings are less affected by encapsulation reactions or electrode location changes. Here, we hypothesized that local field potential (LFP) from the lumbosacral dorsal horn may provide information concerning the intravesical pressure. LFP and spike activities were simultaneously recorded from the lumbosacral spinal cord of anesthetized rats during bladder filling. The results show that the LFP activities carry significant information about intravesical pressure along with spiking activities. Importantly, the intravesical pressure is decoded from the power in high-frequency bands (83.9–256 Hz) with a substantial performance similar to that of the spike train decoding. These findings demonstrate that high-frequency LFP activity can be an alternative intravesical pressure monitoring signal, which could lead to a proper closed loop system for urinary control.
Turning Recurrent Uses of E-learning Tools into Reusable Pedagogical Activities - A Meta-modeling Approach Applied to a Moodle Case-study

The pedagogical expressiveness of designed courses using Learning Management Systems (LMS) is highly dependent on the teachersâ expertise about how to use the LMS at their disposal. The GraphiT project aims to help teachers in focusing on the specification of pedagogically sound learning scenarios that can be technically executable for automatically setting-up the LMS. We propose to provide teachers with LMS-specific instructional design languages and editors. The LMS semantics has to be raised in order to enrich the pedagogical expressiveness of the produced models. This paper deals with the proposition of a specific LMS-centered approach for abstracting the LMS low-level parameterizations and turning them into higher-level pedagogical building blocks. We choose to present and illustrate our propositions about the Moodle LMS. We focus on the first abstraction level. It consists in identifying some pedagogical activities according to recurrent uses designers make by handling the Moodle activities.
Range-Based ICA Using a Nonsmooth Quasi-Newton Optimizer for Electroencephalographic Source Localization in Focal Epilepsy

Abstract Independent component analysis (ICA) aims at separating a multivariate signal into independent nongaussian signals by optimizing a contrast function with no knowledge on the mixing mechanism. Despite the availability of a constellation of contrast functions, a Hartley-entropy–based ICA contrast endowed with the discriminacy property makes it an appealing choice as it guarantees the absence of mixing local optima. Fueled by an outstanding source separation performance of this contrast function in practical instances, a succession of optimization techniques has recently been adopted to solve the ICA problem. Nevertheless, the nondifferentiability of the considered contrast restricts the choice of the optimizer to the class of derivative-free methods. On the contrary, this letter concerns a Riemannian quasi-Newton scheme involving an explicit expression for the gradient to optimize the contrast function that is differentiable almost everywhere. Furthermore, the inexact line search insisting on the weak Wolfe condition and a terminating criterion befitting the partly smooth function optimization have been generalized to manifold settings, leaving the previous results intact. The investigations with diversified images and the electroencephalographic (EEG) data acquired from 45 focal epileptic subjects demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in terms of computational savings and reliable EEG source localization, respectively. Additional experimental results are available in the online supplement.
Properties and Phylogeny of 76 Families of Bacterial and Eukaryotic Organellar Outer Membrane Pore-Forming Proteins

We here report statistical analyses of 76 families of integral outer membrane pore-forming proteins (OMPPs) found in bacteria and eukaryotic organelles. 47 of these families fall into one superfamily (SFI) which segregate into fifteen phylogenetic clusters. Families with members of the same protein size, topology and substrate specificities often cluster together. Virtually all OMPP families include only proteins that form transmembrane pores. Nine such families, all of which cluster together in the SFI phylogenetic tree, contain both α- and β-structures, are multi domain, multi subunit systems, and transport macromolecules. Most other SFI OMPPs transport small molecules. SFII and SFV homologues derive from Actinobacteria while SFIII and SFIV proteins derive from chloroplasts. Three families of actinobacterial OMPPs and two families of eukaryotic OMPPs apparently consist primarily of α-helices (α-TMSs). Of the 71 families of (putative) β-barrel OMPPs, only twenty could not be assigned to a superfamily, and these derived primarily from Actinobacteria (1), chloroplasts (1), spirochaetes (8), and proteobacteria (10). Proteins were identified in which two or three full length OMPPs are fused together. Family characteristic are described and evidence agrees with a previous proposal suggesting that many arose by adjacent β-hairpin structural unit duplications.
West Nile Virus Infection in Mosquitoes in the Mid-South USA, 2002–2005

Abstract West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) was first detected in the Tennessee Valley and in Alabama in August 2001. In summer 2002, intensive viral activity was seen, but in subsequent years, viral activity settled into an enzootic pattern. Here, we report an analysis of viral activity in the mosquito fauna in the Mid-South from 2002 (the first year viral activity was detected in mosquitoes) through 2005. Eight mosquito species were infected with WNV during 2002. However, viral activity was only detected in four species—Culex salinarius Coquillett, Culex erraticus Dyar & Knab, Coquillettidia perturbans Walker, and Aedes vexans Meigen—in multiple years. The greatest number of positive pools was in Cx. erraticus and Cx. salinarius. Despite being specifically targeted for collection, Aedes albopictus Skuse was only found to be infected during the epiornitic year (2002), suggesting that under enzootic transmission conditions its role as a bridge vector in the region may not be significant. Virus-positive pools of Cx. erraticus were identified from winter-resting and early season dry ice-baited trap collections in 2005, implicating this species in WNV overwintering in Alabama. Molecular analysis of individuals initially identified as members of the Culex pipiens L. complex suggested that alleles characteristic of Cx. pipiens predominated in mosquitoes collected in Huntsville, AL, whereas alleles in the Auburn, AL, population were predominately characteristic of Culex quinquefaciatus Say. The southern boundary of the overlap zone of the two species seems to be located primarily between Huntsville and Auburn, a distance of 350 km.
Employer and Employer Association Matters in 2011

During 2011, employer associations have been very active in lobbying for legislative change in industrial relations. The changes they are seeking are in line with past policies to diminish collective bargaining and increase managerial control in the workplace. The political and economic contexts have provided opportunities and, with the impending review of the Fair Work Act, encouraged such lobbying for change. While the major employer bodies are adopting similar stances on the need for change, there is diversity in the industrial relations strategies being engaged by employers in individual workplaces.
The TRAF Family of Signal Transducers Mediates NF-κB Activation by the TRANCE Receptor*

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), a member of the TNF family expressed on activated T-cells, bone marrow stromal cells, and osteoblasts, regulates the function of dendritic cells (DC) and osteoclasts. The TRANCE receptor (TRANCE-R), recently identified as receptor activator of NF-κβ (RANK), activates NF-κB, a transcription factor critical in the differentiation and activation of those cells. In this report we identify the TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family of signal transducers as important components of TRANCE-R-mediated NF-κB activation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments suggested potential interactions between the cytoplasmic tail of TRANCE-R with TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF5, and TRAF6. Dominant negative forms of TRAF2, TRAF5, and TRAF6 and an endogenous inhibitor of TRAF2, TRAF-interacting protein (TRIP), substantially inhibited TRANCE-R-mediated NF-κB activation, suggesting a role of TRAFs in regulating DC and osteoclast function. Overexpression of combinations of TRAF dominant negative proteins revealed competition between TRAF proteins for the TRANCE-R and the possibility of a TRAF-independent NF-κB pathway. Analysis of TRANCE-R deletion mutants suggested that the TRAF2 and TRAF5 interaction sites were restricted to the C-terminal 93 amino acids (C-region). TRAF6 also complexed to the C-region in addition to several regions N-terminal to the TRAF2 and TRAF5 association sites. Furthermore, transfection experiments with TRANCE-R deletion mutants revealed that multiple regions of the TRANCE-R can mediate NF-κB activation.
Induction of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 gene expression in hypoperfused skeletal muscle of patients with peripheral arterial disease.

BACKGROUND A growing amount of data supports the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic diseases but the cellular source of cytokines has not been clearly identified. Cytokines could be produced by inflammatory cells, activated endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and by the tissue exposed to recurrent ischemia. Accordingly, we evaluated whether hypoperfusion induces gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in the skeletal muscle of patients with peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia. METHODS Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained, during a femoral-distal bypass, from normoperfused (control) and hypoperfused skeletal muscles in 8 patients. Gene expression was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, using glyceraldehyde-phosphate-deydrogenase mRNA levels as a normalization factor. RESULTS In the hypoperfused biopsies, the level of IL-1beta gene expression was significantly higher in all but 2 patients (mean upregulation > 8.8 fold, p = 0.043), and the level of IL-6 gene expression was significantly higher in all but 1 patient (mean upregulation > 23.7 fold, p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS We report that IL-1beta and IL-6 gene expression is markedly upregulated in hypoperfused skeletal muscle of patients with critical lower limb ischemia. To our knowledge this is the first report of a local activation of the inflammatory cascade at the level of hypoperfused skeletal muscle. This activation, which could worsen symptoms and tissue viability and be involved in the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury, might be considered as a therapeutic target. It remains to be investigated whether our results may also apply to coronary artery disease.
Sexual Assault Perpetrators’ Tactics: Associations With Their Personal Characteristics and Aspects of the Incident

Past theory and empirical research have consistently associated a number of risk factors with sexual assault perpetration. This study extends past research by considering if the tactics which perpetrators use to obtain sex are associated with these risk factors or with characteristics of the sexual assault. Audio computer-assisted self-interviews were completed with a community sample of young, single men. Few participants reported using physical force as a tactic to obtain sex, thus this article focuses on 457 participants who used verbal coercion ( n = 152) or the victim’s impairment (n = 39) to obtain sex or who were nonperpetrators (n = 266). Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 70% of participants. As hypothesized, analysis of covariance indicated that both groups of perpetrators scored higher than nonperpetrators on measures of negative attitudes toward women, positive attitudes about casual sex, personality traits associated with nonclinical levels of psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and alcohol problems. As compared to nonperpetrators describing their worst date, perpetrators knew the woman longer, used more isolating and controlling behaviors, misperceived her sexual intentions for a longer period of time, and engaged in more consensual sexual activities with the woman. Perpetrators who used impairment tactics did not usually consume more alcohol than other participants; however, they consumed much more alcohol during the incident. Although verbal coercion and taking advantage of an impaired victim are sometimes viewed as less serious tactics than the use of force, these findings demonstrate that perpetrators who use these strategies have personality, attitude, and experience profiles that distinguish them from nonperpetrators.
Investigation and therapy in patients with different types of dyspepsia: a 3 year follow-up study from general practice.

BACKGROUND Decisions by GPs on investigation and treatment are based on the symptoms presented by the patient. The relevance of dyspepsia subgroups has been questioned, but their value in general practice has not been tested. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate how dividing dyspepsia into different subgroups (ulcer-like, reflux-like, dysmotility-like, uncharacteristic and relapsing dyspepsia) affected the approach of GPs to patients with dyspeptic complaints. METHODS A random sample of GPs' patients consulting for different dyspepsia subtypes were studied by postal questionnaires 3 years after the initial consultation, obtaining information from the GPs' records on investigations, prescriptions of dyspepsia medication and gastrointestinal morbidity. RESULTS In the 3 years studied, 48% of the patients were prescribed dyspepsia medication, 14% were endoscoped and 3% were referred to a specialist. The dyspepsia subtype was significantly related to the type of drug prescribed, but not to investigations or referrals. Ulcer-like and reflux-like dyspepsia were treated in the same way. DISCUSSION Dyspepsia subtypes significantly influenced the treatment. Danish GPs treat all acid-related dyspepsia in the same way, and differently from other types of dyspepsia.