Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of smartphone use styles on typing performance and biomechanical exposure

Abstract Twenty-seven subjects completed 2-min typing tasks using four typing styles: right-hand holding/typing (S-thumb) and two-hand typing at three heights (B-low, B-mid and B-high). The styles had significant effects on typing performance, neck and elbow flexion and muscle activities of the right trapezius and several muscles of the right upper limb (p < 0.0001 by repeated-measure analysis of variance). The subjects typed the fewest words (error-adjusted characters per minute: 78) with the S-thumb style. S-thumb style resulted in similar flexion angles of the neck, elbow and wrist, but significantly increased muscle activities in all tested muscles compared with the B-mid style. Holding the phone high or low reduced the flexion angles of the neck and right elbow compared with the B-mid style, but the former styles increased the muscle activity of the right trapezius. Right-hand holding/typing was not a preferable posture due to high muscle activities and slow typing speed. Practitioner Summary: Right-hand holding/typing was not favoured, due to increased muscle activities and slower typing speed. Holding the phone high or low reduced the flexion angles of the neck and right elbow, but the former styles increased the muscle activity of the right trapezius compared with holding the phone at chest level.
Using continuous auditing life cycle management to ensure continuous assurance

The main purpose of this study is to develop a model of key steps for the successful implementation of continuous assurance software, and to reduce the impact of internal auditor technology on ensuring enterprise business assurance by monitoring business systems and their procedures, activities, transactions, and events in a real-time manner. The continuous auditing methodology effectively enhanced audit quality and reduced internal compliance cost for Mutli-Fab with across Taiwan and Chinese-based companies and ensure the continuous assurance in this case field study. Continuous auditing lifecycle management will consider continuous data retrieval, continuous data analysis, continuous data control, and continuous data monitor. This field study also provides useful findings and suggestions related to the insights and experiences learned.
Audit Tenure, Rotation and Accounting Conservatism: Empirical Evidences from Nigeria

Accounting regulators have, for many years, had concerns about the possible lack of Independence between auditors and their clients, which arises from a long-standing professional relationship between the two parties. The reservation stems from a widely-held belief that the risk of audit failure increases when an auditor and a client remain together for a long period of time. The possibility exists that auditors might get too familiar with their clients and in consequence loses professional scepticism and objectivity when the relationship goes on for too long. Stakeholders are therefore interested in if long-term relationship between companies and their auditors gives rise to closeness that impairs auditors’ independence and reduces quality of audit work. With these in view, an attempt was made by the research to examine the link between audit tenure, rotation, and accounting conservatism using empirical data from Nigeria. Secondary data were randomly gathered by drawing 100 observations from the published financial statements of sample companies operating in the financial and non-financial sectors. Quantitative methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple- regression analysis were used for data analyses. Findings were that; the tenure of auditor has a significant positive influence on firms accounting conservatism; the rotation of audit firms also significantly influences accounting conservatism. The study recommends the mandatory rotation of audit firms’ lead engagement partner and the review partner on an engagement for publicly listed companies, and the strict prohibition of providing non-audit services by auditors to their clients to enhance auditors’ independence and the quality of audit services.
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT RELATIONSHIPS WITH PATIENTS AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS

In today’s healthcare sector, in which the influence of competition is very important, there is a need to collect information about current and potential patients to provide them with adequate healthcare services. The more efficient the service that healthcare organizations provide to their patients, the step further will be made in retaining patients and their loyalty. Systems of managing relations with patients (Customer Relationship Management CRM) provide healthcare organizations complete solution for managing of patient care. One of the most interesting aspects in healthcare is the question how to manage relations between givers and receivers of healthcare services. CRM for healthcare contains a number of software products which will help healthcare organizations to maintain efficient relations with their patients. CRM solutions are focused on helping healthcare organizations to prepare suggestions and proces applications in faster and more accurate manner, as well as to understand the needs and habits of their patients in order to give then better services on time-efficient manner. CRM concept ensures that marketing policy of the healthcare organization is in accordance with market needs. Adequate CRM system gives a healthcare organization a chance to win over patients as well as to maintain relations with them. Primary task for managers in healthcare sector is to create an insight into patient perception on service quality as well as their appropriate sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The role of informations in creating competitive advantage for CRM business strategy for healthcare institutions is crucial. Quality of information is necessary for it to be useful in creating competitive advantage, information must be accurate and accessible to all who need it. CRM systems for healthcare provide services for sale, marketing and demands of customer services to the biggest healthcare organizations. CRM system covers all the processes that healthcare organization uses to organize and monitor interactions with potential or current patients, while with the use of CRM tools it is enabled to efficiently advertise healthcare services that organization provides. This paper points that necessary requirement of efficient use of CRM is that healthcare organizations must know needs of their patients, which is accomplished with collecting and analyzing data about patient preferences and behaviors and this way it is allowed to get competitive advantage. Corporate image, patient satisfaction and their loyalty can help health institutions to participate in market competition in a highly competitive environment.
Somatostatin immunoreactive C cells in thyroid glands from various mammalia species

The relative distribution of somatostatin‐ and calcitonin‐containing cells in thyroid glands from various mammalian species was investigated by immunoperoxidase staining, and the concentration of immunoreactive somatostatin by radioimmunoassay. In the thyroid glands of guinea pigs and rabbits, most of the calcitonin cells were also immunoreactive to the somatostatin antiserum, and high concentration of immunoreactive somatostatin was obtained. On the other hand, in the thyroids of other animal species—rats, dogs, pigs, cows, goats, cats, monkeys, mice, and hamsters—only a few C cells revealed the immunoreaction for somatostatin, and the concentration of somatostatin was low. In all animal species studied, the somatostatin was present in the same cells that contain calcitonin, though in guinea pigs and rats there were some C cells containing a large number of reaction products for somatostatin but very few for calcitonin. Thus, it was concluded that there was a considerable variation in somatostatin immunoreactivity of thyroid C cells from species to species.
Acute Nitroglycerine Poisoning.

THIS paper was prompted by my experience recently in a case in which a man was tried for a common assault which it was alleged he committed while under the influence of alcohol. In accordance with the medical evidence, I expressed the opinion that, though the behaviour of the accused was consistent with intoxication from alcohol, it was not only also consistent with, but overwhelmingly in favour of, intoxication from nitroglycerine. Owing to the requirements of war, many thousands of people are now exposed daily to nitroglycerine and nitroglycerine-containing materials. My purpose, therefore, is to outline briefly the toxicology of nitroglycerine; the resemblance between nitroglycerine poisoning and alcoholic intoxication; the peculiar eSfect of even small amounts of alcohol on a person who has absorbed nitroglycerine and, thus, the hazards and necessary precautions in the manufacture and handling in general of nitroglycerine and nitroglycerinecontaining materials.
Hip Mechanics After Posterior Structure Repair in Total Hip Arthroplasty

This study investigated the rotational response of the hip with different repairs of posterior structures after using the posterior approach in total hip replacement. Five groups were tested: (1) the normal hip without a replacement, (2) the normal hip with a vented capsule, (3) no repair of the capsule and external rotators after total hip replacement, (4) repair of only the piriformis tendon, and (5) repair of the capsule and external rotators as a flap of tissue (capsule, piriformis, obturator internus, gemellae, and quadratus) to the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter. Hemipelvis cadaveric specimens were attached to a joint testing device for testing at full extension, 30°, 60°, and 90° hip flexion as internal and external rotation was applied to the femur and the load deflection curves were recorded. Specimens after total hip replacement were externally rotated in full extension until dislocation occurred and the maximum torque was recorded. Each specimen then was rotated internally at 90° flexion to the point of dislocation and the maximum torque was recorded for comparison as well. The posterior approach had significantly decreased internal rotational support with no repair or only piriformis repair. When the capsule and external rotators were repaired, a more normal load deflection curve resulted when comparing the full repair group with the normal hip. Significantly higher torque was needed to dislocate the hip in flexion when a full posterior repair was done, and most specimens dislocated in flexion without complete failure of the repair.
A New Cost-Aware Sensitivity-Driven Algorithm for the Design of FIR Filters

Design for low complexity FIR filters has been an area of intensive research over the last two decades. Recent approaches to integrating common subexpression elimination with filter coefficient synthesis are based on single-minded reliance on bit width truncation or common subexpression sharing to fulfill the frequency response specifications. Such biases have a strong tendency to overfit or underfit the response prematurely, and increase the implementation cost. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to synthesize finite-precision coefficients with low implementation cost from the frequency response specifications of linear phase FIR filter. Overfitting is overcome by admitting the most sensitive subexpressions followed by isolated nonzero digits according to their sensitivities to the change in frequency response error if they are independently removed. To leverage on adder reuse of common subexpressions, common subexpressions of each length are admitted into the coefficients immediately after their most sensitive member. Trivial nonzero digits piggybacked on the admission of common subexpression are pruned to remove the excess slack from the finally selected least cost finite-precision coefficient set. To avoid underfitting, the filter length and word length of coefficients are not fixed but determined by how much incremental slack in the frequency response can be harvested from each additional tap and expanded bit. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in designing low power and area-efficient FIR filters is demonstrated by comparing its logic synthesis and power simulation results with other FIR filter coefficient synthesis algorithms. On average, the proposed algorithm saves about 20.9% to 72.7% of area and power consumptions on various sizes of benchmark FIR filters, and improves the area and power efficiency of a filter bank designed for feature extraction of EEG signals by 33.9% to 54.8% over the competing algorithms.
Antibody‐free virion titer greatly differs between hepatitis C virus genotypes

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) virions have been shown to be bound to antibodies in patients with chronic HCV infection. The sera from patients infected with genotype 1b HCV contained more antibody‐free virions than those from patients with genotype 2a/2b HCV. When compared at the same levels of serum HCV RNA, free virion titers of genotype 2a/2b‐infected patients were much lower than those of genotype 1b‐infected patients, indicating that a larger fraction of HCV virions are bound to antibodies in the former than in the latter. The gene segments encoding the hypervariable region (HVR) 1, a principal neutralization epitope, of HCV were amplified from the patients' sera by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The majority of genotype 2a/2b‐infected patients had very similar HVR 1 sequences to one another, whereas patients infected with genotype 1b HCV had highly heterogeneous sequences. Differences in the amount of antibody‐free virion and HVR1 sequence variability between genotypes may have an implication in HCV pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 61:37–43, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergy between antibiotics and natural agents results in increased antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most frequent causes of biofilm-associated infections on indwelling medical devices. With the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE), there is an urgent need to discover novel active agents against a range of Gram-positive pathogens. We screened the clinical isolates of S. epidermidis for susceptibility/resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Furthermore, we tested some natural agents alone and in combination with antibiotics to find possible synergistic antimicrobial effects. METHODOLOGY S. epidermidis clinical isolates were screened for susceptibility/resistance against vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ofloxacin, cephalexin, and gentamicin using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial potential of Camellia sinensis, Juglans regia, and Hippophae rhamnoides alone and in combination with antibiotics were examined using the disk diffusion method, where the antimicrobial potential activity was measured in terms of formation of zones of inhibition. RESULTS Most S. epidermidis isolates were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics. Gentamycin and ofloxacin were found to be the most effective antibiotics against S. epidermidis isolates. Extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides, Juglans regia, and Camellia sinensis were found to be equally effective against S. epidermidis isolates. In combination with antibiotics, these extracts exhibited appreciable synergistic activity; the highest synergistic activity was observed with erythromycin and cephalexin. In the case of cephalexin, a reversion in resistance was observed. CONCLUSIONS The plant extracts used in the study exhibited additive and synergistic antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, hence providing an effective alternative to deal with the problem of multidrug resistance.
Single voltage‐activated Na+ and K+ channels in the somata of rat motoneurones.

1. Voltage‐activated Na+ and K+ channels were investigated in the soma membrane of motoneurones using the patch‐clamp technique applied to thin slices of neonatal rat spinal cord. 2. One type of TTX‐sensitive Na+ channel, with a conductance of 14.0 pS, was found to underlie the macroscopic Na+ conductance in the somata of motoneurones. These channels activated within a potential range between ‐60 and ‐20 mV with a potential of half‐maximal activation (E50) of ‐38.9 mV and steepness factor (k) of 6.1 mV. 3. Kinetics of Na+ channel inactivation could be fitted with a single exponential function at all potentials investigated. The curve of the steady‐state inactivation had the following parameters: a half‐maximal potential (Eh,50) of ‐81.6 mV and k of ‐10.2 mV. 4. Kinetics of recovery of Na+ channels from inactivation at a potential of ‐80 mV were double exponential with fast and slow components of 16.2 (76%) and 153.7 ms (24%), respectively. It is suggested that the recovery of Na+ channels from inactivation plays a major role in defining the limiting firing frequency of action potentials in motoneurones. 5. Whole‐cell K+ currents consisted of transient (A)‐ and delayed‐rectifier (DR)‐components. The A‐component activated between ‐60 and +20 mV with an E50 of ‐33.3 mV and k of 15.7 mV. The curve of steady‐state inactivation was best fitted with an Eh,50 of ‐82.5 mV and k of ‐10.2 mV. The DR‐component of K+ current activated smoothly at more positive potentials. E50 and k for DR‐currents were +1.4 and 16.9 mV, respectively. 6. The most frequent single K+ channel found in the somata of motoneurones was the fast inactivating A‐channel with a conductance of 19.2 pS in external Ringer solution. In symmetrical high‐K+ solutions the conductance was 50.9 and 39.6 pS for inward and outward currents, respectively. The channel activation took place between ‐60 and +20 mV. The curve of steady‐state inactivation of single A‐channels had an Eh,50 of ‐87.1 mV and k of ‐12.8 mV. In high‐Ko+ solution A‐channels demonstrated a rapid deactivation at potentials between ‐110 and ‐60 mV. The time constant of the channel deactivation depended on the membrane potential and changed from 1.5 ms at ‐110 mV to 6.3 ms at ‐60 mV. 7. Delayed‐rectifier K+ channels were found in the soma membrane at a moderate density. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Manifestation of Berry's Phase in Metal Physics

It is shown that in crystals the semiclassical quantization condition for energy levels of electrons in the magnetic field depends on Berry’s phase. When the electron orbit links to the band-contact line of the metal (i.e., surrounds it), Berry’s phase is nonzero and the quantization condition differs from that commonly used. This result is closely analogous to the Aharonov-Bohm’s effect provided the bandcontact line plays the role of the infinitely thin “solenoid” with the fixed “magnetic flux. ” The predicted effect must manifest itself in oscillation phenomena for a number of metals. [S0031-9007(99)08623-8]
Compliance for the Italian Listed Companies and the Corporate Governance Codes

Corporate Governance Codes are well developed among main countries and attain the role and the structure of the board, the role and function of internal committees, the fee structure and acceptance procedure for action with interrelated counterparties. Differently respect to other countries like the United Kingdom, in Italy the corporate governace code is not compulsory and periodically Assonime makes a survey about the implementation od these best practices in the Italian market.The article proposes an empirical analysis on the Italian market and point out the need of more substantial compliance for the Italian listed companies.
Transmitter Cooperation Under Finite Precision CSIT: A GDoF Perspective

The benefits of partial and full transmitter cooperation are evaluated for a two user interference channel under finite precision channel state information at the transmitters (CSITs), using the generalized degrees of freedom (GDoFs) metric. Under finite precision CSIT, the benefits of interference alignment are completely lost, so that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channel obtained by partial transmitter cooperation does no better than the underlying interference channels. Full transmitter cooperation produces a vector broadcast channel, which has a strict GDoF advantage over partial cooperation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> channel) and whose GDoF is fully achieved by interference enhancement.
The importance of treating patients early

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are biologic response modifiers that have significantly improved functional outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a progressive disease in which structural joint damage can continue to develop even in the face of symptomatic relief. Before the introduction of biologic agents, the management of RA involved the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) early in the course of disease. This focus on early treatment, combined with the availability of the anti-TNF agents, has contributed to a shift in treatment paradigms favoring the early and timely use of DMARDs with biologic therapies. Improvement in symptom control does not always equate to a reduction in disease progression or disability. With the emergence of structurerelated outcome measures as the primary means for assessing the effectiveness of antirheumatic agents, the regular use of X-rays is recommended for the continued monitoring and evaluation of patients. In addition to the control of symptoms and improvement in physical function, a reduction in erosions and joint-space narrowing should be considered among the goals of therapy, leading to a better quality of life. Adherence to therapy is an important element in optimizing outcomes. Durability of therapy with anti-TNF agents as reported from clinical trials can also be achieved in the clinical setting. Concomitant methotrexate therapy might be important in maintaining TNF antagonist therapy in the long term. Overall, the TNF antagonists have led to improvements in clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with RA, especially those who have failed to show a complete response to methotrexate.