Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute postcesarean pain is associated with in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding, length of stay and post-partum depression.

STUDY OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the proposed study was to determine the association between postoperative pain and breastfeeding after cesarean delivery during hospital stay. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Postoperative recovery area and operating room. PATIENTS Data was obtained on singleton pregnancies undergoing scheduled cesarean deliveries under spinal anesthesia between 2013 and 2016. INTERVENTIONS Determine the association between postoperative pain and breastfeeding after cesarean delivery. MEASUREMENTS Postoperative pain score, breastfeeding, LATCH score post-partum depression and length of stay values collected. MAIN RESULTS The dataset consisted of electronic medical records from 5350 patients. We found that the pain score is negatively associated with the LATCH score; higher pain was associated with lower LATCH scores, -0.01 [-0.01,-0.00], p < . 0402. Every one-point increase in average pain score was associated with a 21% reduction in the odds of in-hospital exclusive breast-feeding relative to exclusive formula-feeding, OR = 0.79 [0.70-0.90], p < . 0002. We observed that the post-partum depression status was associated with the average postoperative pain score, F (1, 5347) = 41.51, p < . 0001. We also found a significant positive association between the average pain score and the duration of hospital stay (p < .0001); every one-point increase in the average pain-score was associated with a 7.98 [6.28, 9.68] hour increase in length of stay. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate significant association between the increase in post-cesarean pain scores and deterioration of breastfeeding initiation while also exposing slight reductions in the quality of breastfeeding. Additionally, we found that increases in post-cesarean pain scores also positively associate with postpartum depression and duration of stay, with each increase in pain score resulted in an almost one-day increase in the length of stay.
Human Blastomycosis in South Africa Caused by Blastomyces percursus and Blastomyces emzantsi sp. nov., 1967 to 2014

We reevaluated 20 cases of blastomycosis diagnosed in South Africa between 1967 and 2014, with Blastomyces dermatitidis considered to be the etiological agent, in light of newly described species and the use of more advanced technologies. In addition to histopathological and/or culture-based methods, all 20 isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized, including multilocus typing of five genes and whole-genome sequencing. ABSTRACT We reevaluated 20 cases of blastomycosis diagnosed in South Africa between 1967 and 2014, with Blastomyces dermatitidis considered to be the etiological agent, in light of newly described species and the use of more advanced technologies. In addition to histopathological and/or culture-based methods, all 20 isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized, including multilocus typing of five genes and whole-genome sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed as outlined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute documents M27-A3 and M38-A2. We merged laboratory and corresponding clinical case data, where available. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of five-gene and whole-genome sequences revealed two groups, both of which were closely related to but distinct from B. dermatitidis, Blastomyces gilchristii, and Blastomyces parvus. The first group (n = 12) corresponded to the recently described species Blastomyces percursus, and the other (n = 8) is described here as Blastomyces emzantsi sp. nov. Both species exhibited incomplete conversion to the yeast phase at 37°C and were heterothallic for mating types. All eight B. emzantsi isolates belonged to the α mating type. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed distinct species identities as well as the absence of a full orthologue of the BAD-1 gene. Extrapulmonary (skin or bone) disease, probably resulting from hematogenous spread from a primary lung infection, was more common than pulmonary disease alone. Voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin had the most potent in vitro activity. Over the 5 decades, South African cases of blastomycosis were caused by species that are distinct from B. dermatitidis. Increasing clinical awareness and access to simple rapid diagnostics may improve the diagnosis of blastomycosis in resource-limited countries.
EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for the management of gastric outlet obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is characterized by epigastric pain and postprandial vomiting secondary to mechanical obstruction. Management of GOO is usually focused on alleviating the symptoms of obstruction and can be achieved by surgical gastrojejunostomy or enteral stenting. Recent studies have shown success with EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) in the management of GOO but data is limited. We, therefore, conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-GE in the management of GOO. A comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching the Embase and PubMed databases from inception to January 2019 to identify all studies that evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS-GE in GOO. Our primary outcome was to evaluate technical success and clinical success. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate the need for reintervention and adverse events of the procedure. Twelve studies including 285 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Technical success was achieved in 266 patients with a pooled technical success of 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88%–95%). Clinical success was achieved in 90% of the patients (95% CI: 85%–94%). Recurrence of symptoms or unplanned reintervention was needed in 9% of the patients (95% CI: 6%–13%) and adverse events were reported in 12% of the patients (95% CI: 8%–16%). The heterogeneity tests among studies were nonsignificant with I2 = 0. EUS-GE is a safe and efficacious treatment modality for the management of benign and malignant GOO. Larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate its utility in GOO.
Confirming the recessive inheritance of PERP‐related erythrokeratoderma

Erythrokeratoderma (EK) is heterogeneous clinical entity characterized by excessive scaling with resulting erythrokeratotic plaques. Several genes have been linked to EK and they encode a number of proteins that are important for the integrity of the keratinocyte layer of the epidermis. PERP is a transcription factor that is activated by both p53 and p63. However, its deficiency in a mouse model appears to only recapitulate p63‐mediated role in skin development and organization. We report an extended multiplex consanguineous family in which an EK phenotype with a striking similarity to that observed in Perp−/− mice, is mapped to an autozygous region on chromosome 6 that spans PERP. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a novel variant in PERP that fully segregated with the phenotype. Functional analysis of patient‐ and control‐derived keratinocytes revealed a deleterious effect of the identified variant on the intracellular localization of PERP. A previous report showed that PERP mutation causes a dominant form of keratoderma but a single patient in that report with a homozygous variant in PERP suggests that recessive inheritance is also possible. Our results, therefore, support the establishment of an autosomal recessive PERP‐related EK phenotype in humans.
Dose and blending fraction quantification for adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction based on low‐contrast detectability in abdomen CT

Abstract Purpose The utilization of iterative reconstruction makes it difficult to identify the dose‐noise relationship, resulting in empirical design of scan protocols and inconsistent conclusions on dose reduction for consistent image quality. This study was to quantitatively determine the dose and the blending fraction of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) based on the specified low‐contrast detectability (LCD). Methods A tissue equivalent abdomen phantom and a GE discovery 750 HD computed tomography (CT) were utilized. The normality of the noise distribution was tested at various spatial scales (2.1–9.8 mm) in the presence of ASIR (10–100%) with a wide range of doses (2.24–38 mGy). The statically defined minimum detectable contrast (MDC) was used as the image quality metric. The parametric model decomposed the MDC into two terms: one with and the other without ASIR, each was related to the dose in the form of power law with factors and indices dependent on spatial scales. The parameters were identified by least‐square fitting to the experimental data. By considering the constraint of the blending fraction in the range of [0, 1], the dose and ASIR blending fraction were determined for any specified low‐contrast detectability (LCD), quantified by the MDC at the concerned lesion size. Results It was verified that noise distribution is normal in the presence of ASIR. It was also found that the noises obtained from the subtractions of adjacent slices had an underestimate of 20% as compared to the ground truth noises, regardless of the spatial scale, pitch, or ASIR blending fraction. The least‐square fitting for the parametric model resulted in correlation coefficients from 0.905 to 0.996. The root‐mean‐square errors ranged from 1.27% to 7.15%. Conclusion The parametric model can be used to form a look‐up‐table for dose and ASIR blending fraction. The dose choices may be substantially limited in some cases depending on the required LCD.
PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION FACING THE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGE

Purpose: This essay aims to signal up the detrimental effects of sedentary behaviours determined by extensive use of technology. Material: The paper is a survey of the most relevant data related to physical inactivity consequences with a specific reference to the Eastern Europe countries. Results . There is no doubt that children and young people will prefer the technology and its commodities, but they need to be encouraged to practice exercise, to control their posture and weight. Physical activity favorably influences on mental health and reduces the incidence and severity of diseases and pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and obesity. Conclusions . Promoting physical activity as a healthy life style component in schools and in universities targets the enhancement of vigour, resilience, employement and social outcomes for graduates and comunities.
The formation of the thumb requires direct modulation of Gli3 transcription by Hoxa13

Significance To understand the special morphology of the thumb (digit 1), an important adaptation of the human hand, we studied Hoxa13-null mice that specifically lack this digit. We show that Hoxa13 mutant limbs specifically lose Hoxd13 expression in the presumptive digit 1 region, correlating with increased Gli3 transcription and Gli3 repressor activity. We also show that Hox13 paralogs regulate Gli3 transcription by negatively modulating the activity of Gli3 enhancers. Our results indicate that mutual antagonism between Gli3 and Hox13 paralogs determines the anterior−posterior asymmetry of the handplate and that Hoxa13 acts hierarchically to initiate formation of a digit 1 territory by attenuating Gli3 transcription and enabling second-phase expansion of 5′Hoxd expression. In the tetrapod limb, the digits (fingers or toes) are the elements most subject to morphological diversification in response to functional adaptations. However, despite their functional importance, the mechanisms controlling digit morphology remain poorly understood. Here we have focused on understanding the special morphology of the thumb (digit 1), the acquisition of which was an important adaptation of the human hand. To this end, we have studied the limbs of the Hoxa13 mouse mutant that specifically fail to form digit 1. We show that, consistent with the role of Hoxa13 in Hoxd transcriptional regulation, the expression of Hoxd13 in Hoxa13 mutant limbs does not extend into the presumptive digit 1 territory, which is therefore devoid of distal Hox transcripts, a circumstance that can explain its agenesis. The loss of Hoxd13 expression, exclusively in digit 1 territory, correlates with increased Gli3 repressor activity, a Hoxd negative regulator, resulting from increased Gli3 transcription that, in turn, is due to the release from the negative modulation exerted by Hox13 paralogs on Gli3 regulatory sequences. Our results indicate that Hoxa13 acts hierarchically to initiate the formation of digit 1 by reducing Gli3 transcription and by enabling expansion of the 5′Hoxd second expression phase, thereby establishing anterior−posterior asymmetry in the handplate. Our work uncovers a mutual antagonism between Gli3 and Hox13 paralogs that has important implications for Hox and Gli3 gene regulation in the context of development and evolution.
Estimating Food Demand System and Rural Household Welfare: A Case study from Pakistan

This article adds to the existing literature by analyzing static and dynamic welfare impacts of food price changes for rural households in Pakistan. All three waves of Pakistan Rural Household Survey (2001, 2004, and 2010) were used. Lagrange Multiplier and of test on the coefficients of squared expenditure term (Likelihood Ratio test) were used to determine whether QUAIDS is an appropriate model or not. Nonlinear Seemingly Unrelated Regression (NLSUR) was used to estimate demand functions for eight food groups (Cereals, milk, and milk products, vegetables, cooking oil, pulses and other food). Results indicate inelastic expenditure elasticity of cereals in the pooled sample. Own price elasticities for all food groups, except other food, are smaller than zero during the entire sampled period (2001, 2004, 2010), and cereals are complimentary with meat and pulses, as suggested by cross price elasticity (uncompensated). Furthermore, results reveal that rural households needed a 28 percent increase in food expenditure and 26 percent increase in total expenditure to return to the previous level of welfare (year-2001).
The safety and efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients

Abstract Background: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical illness with high mortality and a worse prognosis. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is currently considered to be one of the most effective methods of treating ARDS. In this meta-analysis, we discussed the efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in treating ARDS. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), Ovid Medline, Embase, and PubMed were systematically searched with the keywords of “ARDS” and “APRV”. The studies containing the treatment of APRV in ARDS were included. According to the MV protocol used in the studies, the comparison was undertaken between the APRV group vs low tidal volume (LTV) group and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) group. The relative risk (RR) and the standard mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for the comparison between groups. Results: Fourteen studies with 2096 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The average increasing rate of PaO2/FiO2 was 75.4% in the APRV group vs 44.1% in the non-APRV group. No significant differences were found in mortality and duration of ICU stay between APRV vs LTV (P = .073 and P = .404) and APRV vs SIMV (P = .370 and P = .894). Conclusion: The APRV protocol would have a higher increase in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, which was a safe protocol with a compatible effect comparing to LTV and SIMV.
Complete Genome Sequence of Serratia Phage Muldoon

Serratia marcescens is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium that is linked with emerging opportunistic infections. In this report, we describe the isolation and annotation of an S. marcescens myophage called Muldoon. Related to T4-like phages, such as Serratia phage PS2, Muldoon contains 257 predicted protein-coding genes and 4 tRNA genes. ABSTRACT Serratia marcescens is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium that is linked with emerging opportunistic infections. In this report, we describe the isolation and annotation of an S. marcescens myophage called Muldoon. Related to T4-like phages, such as Serratia phage PS2, Muldoon contains 257 predicted protein-coding genes and 4 tRNA genes.
Pure additive contribution of genetic variants to a risk prediction model using propensity score matching: application to type 2 diabetes

The achievements of genome-wide association studies have suggested ways to predict diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most T2D risk prediction models have used SNPs in combination with demographic variables. However, it is difficult to evaluate the pure additive contribution of genetic variants to classically used demographic models. Since prediction models include some heritable traits, such as body mass index, the contribution of SNPs using unmatched case-control samples may be underestimated. In this article, we propose a method that uses propensity score matching to avoid underestimation by matching case and control samples, thereby determining the pure additive contribution of SNPs. To illustrate the proposed propensity score matching method, we used SNP data from the Korea Association Resources project and reported SNPs from the genome-wide association study catalog. We selected various SNP sets via stepwise logistic regression (SLR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and the elastic-net (EN) algorithm. Using these SNP sets, we made predictions using SLR, LASSO, and EN as logistic regression modeling techniques. The accuracy of the predictions was compared in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The contribution of SNPs to T2D was evaluated by the difference in the AUC between models using only demographic variables and models that included the SNPs. The largest difference among our models showed that the AUC of the model using genetic variants with demographic variables could be 0.107 higher than that of the corresponding model using only demographic variables.
Optimal effect-site concentration of propofol for tracheal suctioning during emergence from ophthalmic surgery

Abstract In ophthalmic surgery, coughing during emergence from general anesthesia may have a detrimental effect on intraocular pressure. Tracheal suction during emergence may elicit this reflex. The optimal effect-site concentration (EC) of propofol to prevent triggering of the cough reflex during tracheal suctioning is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the optimal EC of propofol for tracheal suctioning during emergence in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Twenty-one patients were enrolled, all of them American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II non-smokers undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Anesthesia was induced and maintained under total intravenous anesthesia using target-controlled infusion. During emergence from general anesthesia, tracheal suction was performed at different propofol concentrations as required for Dixon's up-and-down method with a step size of 0.2 μg/ml. A propofol concentration at which the cough reflex was not triggered during tracheal suctioning was considered successful. The EC50 of propofol for tracheal suction without cough was 1.4 μg/ml and the EC95 was 1.6 μg/ml. Tracheal suction may be accomplished without triggering the cough reflex when the propofol effect-site concentration is higher than 1.6 μg/ml.
Chaos in a Driven Mechanical Oscillator

A forced, damped, nonlinear oscillator was shown to exhibit chaotic behavior at driving frequencies slightly below its resonant frequency. Phase space diagrams that lack periodicity and show sensitivity to initial conditions are contrasted with phase spaces in a periodic regime. Potential wells were calculated, showing that the Duffing oscillator is bistable, regardless of whether its regime is chaotic or periodic, but that the symmetry of the potential well is contingent upon whether the springs used have equal stiffness. The full range of motion of the system, additionally including the angle of the driver, is presented in cylindrical coordinates.
The Dialectal Shared Linguistic Features of the Diverse Arabic Dialects Resulting a Lingua Franca Dialect of Arabic

Arabic is a very morphologically rich Semitic language so it has several dialects across the Arab homeland, the paper focuses on the similarities and differences between the Arabic dialects. The research tries to find out the most shares features among the Arabic dialects and decide a dialect a lingua franca of Arabic language to be used and taught as for learners of Arabic. This lingua franca dialect could be used outside the Arabic countries.
THE EFFECT OF CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS) ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN MALE WISTAR RAT (LETTER TO EDITOR)

* Corresponding Author: Tel: +9851138763852 Fax: +9851138763852 DR_ALIghorbani87@yahoo.com Dear editor In recent years, the number of scientific research papers of Iranian scientists has substantially grown in national and international journals that indicates particular attitude of Iranian scientific community to the development of knowledge in different fields. Moreover, improvement of quality of scientific papers is necessary. For this purpose, criticism of published studies is a way to increase the quality of articles and make them clear. In Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, volume (5), issue (2), year 2015, an article entitled “Effects of aqueous extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves on spermatogenesis in healthy male rats” was published and the papers like this should be appreciated. However, the paper has some drawbacks which if not resolve, could be misleading for researchers who tend to use it or do research in its direction. So, with all due respect to the research team, we decided to evaluate the paper ambiguities in order to improve the quality of future articles.
Audio Compression Using Fractal Coding

Audio Fractal Compression is based on the concept of partitioned iterated function system (PIFS). It exploits the self similarity that is commonly present in audio; this similarity could exploit as a sort of redundancy to compress the audio data. Audio fractal compression finds similar patterns that exist in different scales and different places in audio, and then eliminates as much redundancy as possible. The introduced system consists of two major units; the first is the Encoding unit and the second one is the Decoding unit. In the Encoding unit, the original audio is partitioned into range blocks (non overlapping blocks) and the domain blocks are generated using down sampling with overlapping partitioning, the partitioning step is accomplished using fixed block size audio partitioning scheme. The best matched domain block (i.e., the more self-similar blocks) must be found for each range block by applying an approximate affine transformation. The compression process is finished by storing only the affine transform parameters for every range block. The task of finding self-similarities (via the matching process) is accomplished by making search overall blocks of the domain pool, this will require high computational complexity. This considered a major drawback of the fractal audio compression method. The Decoding unit is typically done by iteratively applying the affine transformations starting with randomly initialized audio data; this transformation repetition is continued until convergence is achieved. The decoding module is less computational demanding than the encoding module. The developed software was tested using four wave samples of data, and it gives encouraging compression result.