Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Elevated Aqueous Ammonia on Liver of Rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. Histopathological and Ultrastructure Studies

The world's population is increasing while levels of capture fisheries remain roughly stable with limited potential of increase. The only choice to meet the world's increasing demand of fish is by farming them. Aquaculture is a developing industry and a large proportion of the industry is using aquaculture technology. A consequence of high-density aquaculture is the increased probability to exposure to elevated concentrations of nitrogenous wastes; the principal end product of amino acids metabolism that tends to accumulate and negatively affect the fish. Yet, the effects of ammonia on economically important rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus) are not well documented. The present study aims to investigated the hypothesis that chronic exposure of fish to increased aqueous ammonia would affect certain parameters including, the structural liver integrity. Fish were treated with total ammonia nitrogen (TA-N) using 0- 12 mg/L. Results obtained indicated that fish reared in TAN- 0 mg/ L had 100% survival and 50% weight increase in 50 days. All fish at TAN- 2 and 4 mg/ L (low dose) died, whilst fish in 6 - 12 mg/ L TA-N survived and grew albeit less than in treatment 0 mg/ L. After 20 days of the chronic exposure, fish was randomly taken from each tank in treatments 0, 2 and 10 mg/ L TA-N and their liver were fixed and stained by routine methods and examined using light and electron microscopy. Results indicated that high dose ammonia (TAN -10) is deleterious to marbled rabbitfish since histologically liver exhibited a disrupted architecture, necrosis, blood congestion and sever ultrastructural alterations in comparison to low dose exposed to TA-N -2 and those exposed to TA-N -0. Lipid droplets and glycogen content were highly accumulated in hepatocytes as a result of exposure to TA-N, this could be due to induced imbalance between fat production and utilization and disturbance in lipid metabolism. Results obtained suggests chronic structural and functional damage, as a result of exposure to ammonia. It is recommended that ammonia levels be measured regularly during production of rabbitfish and be maintained below the threshold concentration used in this study to maximize production.
Antidiuretic substance in human urine after smoking

Burn, Truelove & Burn (1945) showed that cigarette-smoking, or the injection of nicotine, inhibits water diuresis in man, probably by causing an output of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior lobe of the pituitary. If this is the correct explanation of the action of nicotine, it should be possible to show the presence of the antidiuretie hormone in'the urine after smoking, and estimate the amount present. METHODS
Nutrition parentérale à domicile : de nombreux défis à relever !

E n 1984, la circulaire ministérielle 84.B. 76 définissait les conditions de prise en charge de la nutrition parentérale à domicile (NPAD) en France. La publication au Journal Officiel de la République Française du 25 novembre 2000 de la circulaire MESSOO23522A modifie profondément les modalités de prescription de la NPAD, qui, nonobstant certaines conditions et limites abordées plus loin, est actuellement accessible à tous les prescripteurs. Certains, dont je pourrais être, se réjouiront de cet élargissement du cadre de la prescription de la NPAD et de sa prise en charge financière qui reposait jusqu’ici exclusivement sur le budget des Centres Agréés (c’est-à-dire sur le budget global des hôpitaux publics où il existait un Centre Agréé de NPAD), souvent fixe et de ce fait inadapté au coût réel de cette activité de soin hautement spécialisée. Malheureusement, et à l’inverse de ce qui s’est passé pour la nutrition entérale à domicile (NEAD ; réglementée par les arrêtés des 5 et 18 octobre 2000), la mise à disposition de la nutrition parentérale en ville ne prévoit pas de cadre logistique adapté à cette « technique » de soin globalement plus complexe à gérer que la NEAD.
Permanent magnet synchronous generator converter protection analysis during DC wind farm open-circuit fault condition

This paper discusses the protection schemes for the converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to enhance the fault ride-through (FRT) capability. The power conversion topology of the studied system includes a rectifier, DC/DC boost converter and a voltage source inverter (VSI) connected to the grid. A protection scheme with rectifier-boost damping resistor and inverter DC-link voltage damping resistor is proposed as the main protection devices. After the analysis of fault condition, protection resistance value is calculated for practical application. The protection switching and FRT performance are simulated with PSCAD/EMTDC, including power and torque fluctuation, rectifier voltage, and rotor speed with and without protection scheme. The proposed protection scheme can effectively protect the system, hence improving the PMSG fault ride-through performances.
The Economic Value of Protecting Inventoried Roadless Areas: A Spatial Hedonic Price Study in New Mexico

"The objective of this paper is to examine the off-site benefits, as capitalized into housing values, of protecting 1.6 million acres of Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) in the state of New Mexico, United States. In light of petitions filed by various U.S. states to maintain the status of IRAs as roadless lands, spatial hedonic price models are estimated and used to calculate the implicit value of IRAs in New Mexico. Findings show that a two-stage least squares (2-SLS), robust spatial-lag model is the most appropriate econometric representation of the hedonic price function, and that IRA lands are a significant and positive determinant of house value. After controlling for the presence of Wilderness Areas (WAs) and other characteristics, results indicate that, on average, there is a 5.6% gain in the property value of a house from being located in, or adjacent to, a Census tract with IRAs. In the aggregate, this gain represents 3.5% of the value of all owner-occupied units in New Mexico ($1.9 billion in capitalized value, or an annualized value in perpetuity of $95 million, assuming a 5% interest rate). " ("JEL" R22, H40, Q51, C21) Copyright (c) 2010 Western Economic Association International.
The Role of Inflammation in Lumbar Pain

The clinical features of many cases of low back pain is inadequately explained by anatomic abnormalities alone. A pathophysiologic mechanism that includes a combination of mechanical and biochemical factors is an alternative explanation that is accompanled by less paredox than a purely structural paradigm. A potential unifying feature includes inflammation of neural elements caused by the chemical components of the intervertebral disc. There is a historical basis to the concept of an immunologic potential of the lumbar disc. No discrete insitu evidence or discrete mechanism has been previously identified. The recent demonstration of immunohistopathologic evidence of an immunocompetent celluiar response at the epidural interface of lumbar HNPs supports the concept of the immunogenic capacity of nucleus pulposus. The identification of high levels of an inflammatory enzyme, phospholipase A2, in lumbar herniated and degenerative discs presents the basis for a direct inflammogenic capability of lumbar discs, separate from a immunologic mechanism. Subsequent experimental findings of conduction block and perineural inflammation as a consequence of extrathecal application of autologous nucleus pulposus and axonal injury after animal nerve injection of the human disc phospholipase A2 further validates this concept. There is a strong theroretic basis to support the concept that the clinical features of many lumbar disc patients may be explained by inflammation caused by biochemical factors alone or combined with mechanical deformation of lumbar tissues, rather than mechanical factors alone.
Clinical Characteristics of Kawasaki Syndrome and the Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Lesions in China

Background: Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in childhood in developed countries. This study was designed to identify the clinical characteristics of a large cohort of KS in China and explore the risk factors for coronary artery lesions. Methods: Clinical records of 1370 patients with acute KS were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features of different age groups were analyzed, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for coronary artery lesions caused by KS. Results: The prevalence of redness at a Bacille Calmette-Guèrin inoculation site was greatest in infants younger than 6 months (18.4%), whereas cervical lymphadenopathy was more frequent in patients older than 60 months (61.5%). Age, sex, therapeutic time, intravenous immunoglobulin dose, platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were risk factors for coronary artery lesions (P < 0.05). A total fever duration >10 days was a risk factor for coronary artery aneurysms in patients with coronary artery lesions (P < 0.05). Conclusions: KS occurs more frequently in children younger than 5 years, in boys and during the summer months. Redness at a Bacille Calmette-Guèrin inoculation site signals the diagnosis of incomplete KS in infants and young children. Male gender, younger age, intravenous immunoglobulin dose, delayed administration (>10 days), high platelet level and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are predictive for coronary artery lesions, and total fever duration (>10 days) is predictive for coronary artery aneurysms in patients with coronary artery lesions.
Medindo o tamanho da caixinha de surpresas em ligas de futebol

A vitória no futebol é uma mistura de habilidade e sorte. Mas quanto de sorte e de habilidade há em uma vitória? A fim de responder a esta pergunta, neste artigo analisamos campeonatos de futebol que seguem o sistema de pontos corridos. Desenvolvemos uma escala baseada em três pontos de referência onde localizamos uma medida, também produzida neste trabalho, da variabilidade observada em um campeonato. Ao todo, analisamos os dados de dez temporadas de seis campeonatos. Esta análise permite avaliar em que medida um campeonato é mais surpreendente que outro e quantifica a noção de que o futebol é uma caixinha de surpresas.
Diastolic Heart Failure

Multiple recent epidemiologic studies have highlighted the importance of diastolic heart failure (DHF) as a public health problem. Approximately half of patients presenting with symptomatic heart failure (HF) have DHF and they suffer from morbidity and mortality comparable to those with systolic HF. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of DHF has evolved rapidly over the last decade, and the associated echo-Doppler findings that assist with its diagnosis are greatly refined. Recently, there has been increased recognition of the role of diastolic dysfunction and DHF in the care of critically ill patients, including those admitted to noncardiac units. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the concepts of the pathophysiology of DHF. In addition, we provide an overview of the diagnostic approaches, prognostic identifiers, and associated comorbidities that make DHF more resistant to manage with a focus of the patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The current approach to managing patients with DHF is also reviewed.
Network-Dependent Image Annotation Based on Explicit Context-Dependent Kernel Maps

It is commonly known that the success of support vector machines in image classification and annotation it highly dependent on the relevance of the chosen kernels. The latter, defined as symmetric positive semi-definite functions, take high values when images share similar visual content and vice-versa. However, usual kernels relying only on the visual content are not appropriate in order to capture the true semantics of images which are nowadays expressed through the rich contextual cues available in image collections. Relevant kernels should instead reserve high values not only when images share similar content but also similar context. In this paper, we introduce a novel method that upgrades usual kernels and makes them context-dependent. Our kernel solution corresponds to an optimum of an energy function that trades off content and context. We will show that the proposed kernel can be expressed with an explicit mapping which is computationally efficient and also effective for image annotation. We corroborate all these statements through our participation in the recent and challenging Image CLEF 2013 annotation benchmark which ranks our method first among 58 participants' runs.
Transmission Parameters for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate acquisition and inoculation (together, transmission) efficiency of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the pathogen associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB) by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). In laboratory studies, nymphs reared on Las infected plants were more likely to acquire the bacterium than adults. Acquisition by nymphs ranged from 60 to 100%, whereas acquisition by adults only reached 40% after 5 wk of feeding on Las-infected plants. Similar rates of pathogen acquisition by psyllids after nymphal and adult feeding were observed in the field. Transmission of Las from parent to offspring (transovarial) occurred at a rate of 2–6%. One year after psyllid inoculations, successful transmission by individual D. citri ranged from 4 to 10%, whereas groups of 100 or more D. citri transmitted the pathogen at a rate of ≈88%. In addition, the proportion of Las-positive adult psyllids, determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, decreased over time when held on healthy plants. Due to the low rate of pathogen acquisition and long time period required for successful inoculation by adult D. citri, experiments designed to determine the latent period required for replication and successful inoculation of Las by D. citri did not result in Las-infected plants after >1 yr of incubation after inoculation. Collectively, these results indicate that adult D. citri which acquire the HLB pathogen as adults are poor vectors of the pathogen compared with adults that acquired the pathogen as nymphs.
Transneuronal labeling of neurons in the adult rat brainstem and spinal cord after injection of pseudorabies virus into the urethra

Transneuronal tracing techniques were used to identify sites in the central nervous system involved in the neural control of urethral function. The distribution of virus‐infected neurons was examined in the spinal cord and brainstem at various intervals (56‐96 hours) following pseudorabies virus (PRV) injection into the urethra. In the lumbosacral (L6‐Sl) spinal cord at 56 hours, neurons containing PRV immunoreactivity (PRV‐IR) were located in the region of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN), around the central canal, and in the dorsal commissure. Some animals also exhibited PRV‐IR in cells in the L6 dorsolateral motor nucleus. At longer survival times (72‐96 hours), PRV‐IR cells were observed in the superficial and deeper laminae of the dorsal horn, and increased numbers of PRV‐IR cells were consistently detected in the region of the SPN, around the central canal, and in the dorsal commissure. PRV‐IR fiber‐like staining also occurred along the lateral edge of the dorsal horn extending from Lissauer's tract to the region of the SPN. In rostral lumbar segments (Ll‐L2), PRV‐IR cells were located in the region of the dorsal commissure and the intermediolateral cell nucleus (IML), around the central canal, and in the dorsal horn. After 72‐84 hours, PRV‐IR cells were also noted at more rostral levels of the neuraxis including the medulla, pons, midbrain, and diencephalon. At 72 hours, PRV‐IR cells were consistently observed in Barrington's nucleus (pontine micturition center), nucleus raphe magnus (RMg), parapyramidal reticular formation, and the A5 and A7 regions. At 78–84 hours, additional regions exhibited PRV‐IR cells, including the periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, the dorsal and ventral subcoeruleus alpha, and the red nucleus. A few cells were also located in the lateral hypothalamic area. This distribution of PRV‐labeled cells in the spinal cord and brainstem is similar in many respects to the distribution of cells labeled in previous studies by PRV injection into the urinary bladder. This overlap of urethra and bladder neurons is consistent with the results of physiological experiments indicating a close coordination between the central nervous control of bladder and urethral activity.
Wirkung von Feedback-Training im Radsport auf physiologische und biomechanische Parameter

Gibt es den so genannten „Runden Tritt“ im Radsport? Diese Frage hinsichtlich der Pedaliertechnik ist diejenige nach der Kraftverteilung im Kurbelkreis. Die hochsten vortriebswirksamen Krafte finden sich im Bereich um 90° Kurbelposition. Obwohl in Fachkreisen immer wieder postuliert, ziehen selbst hochklassige Radfahrer nicht oder nur in Einzelfallen im Bereich von 270° Kurbelposition am Pedal (Coyle et al., 1991; Hillebrecht et al., 1998).
Suicide by hanging: multicentre study based on coroners' records in England

Summary We studied 162 cases of hanging by suicide occurring in 24 coroners' jurisdictions in England within a 6-month period in 2001. Prison and psychiatric ward suicides accounted for only 6% of these. The most frequently used ligatures (ropes, belts and cable) and ligature points (beams, girders, lofts and trees) are commonly available in community settings, limiting opportunities for prevention. In only half the cases (52%) were victims fully suspended with both feet off the ground. Four per cent had also taken an overdose.
‘Life is a Highway’: Membrane Trafficking During Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis, the final stage of the cell cycle, is an essential step toward the formation of two viable daughter cells. In recent years, membrane trafficking has been shown to be important for the completion of cytokinesis. Vesicles originating from both the endocytic and secretory pathways are known to be shuttled to the plasma membrane of the ingressing cleavage furrow, delivering membrane and proteins to this dynamic region. Advances in cell imaging have led to exciting new discoveries regarding vesicle movement in living cells. Recent work has revealed a significant role for membrane trafficking, as controlled by regulatory proteins, during cytokinesis in animal cells. The endocytic and secretory pathways as well as motor proteins are revealed to be essential in the delivery of vesicles to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis.
Results of treatment of acetabular fractures.

If it is not possible to achieve a satisfactory position by conservative methods, surgical treatment is indicated in displaced fractures of the acetabulum in order to restore and stabilize both the hip joint structure and the integrity of the pelvic ring. Restoration of the joint surfaces to as near normal as possible offers the best chance for a symptom-free hip. The postoperative recovery time is not hastened, but the conditions for early activity and restoration of function are improved. As demonstrated in 270 cases reported here, and as is well recognized in the past, a significant proportion of patients will require secondary or salvage surgery, i.e., total hip arthroplasty. Such treatment may not be possible if there is extensive residual disorganization of the hip joint. Preparation for future reconstructive surgery is important as an indication for operative reduction of the acetabulum.
Dynamin 2 associates with complexins and is found in the acrosomal region of mammalian sperm

Previous data showed that complexin I, a SNARE regulatory protein, is localized in and/or around the acrosome and is necessary for the acrosome reaction in sperm. To understand how complexin I regulates the acrosome reaction, we used complexin‐GST pulldown assays to identify interacting proteins. We showed that both complexins I and II bound mouse sperm dynamin 2. Dynamin 2 is a 100 kDa GTPase essential to many aspects of endocytosis but its potential role in exocytosis is unknown. Dynamin 2 is expressed in rat testis and widely expressed in other tissues; however, the function of dynamin 2 in germ cells is uncertain. Dynamin 2 protein was detected in mouse testis and was most abundant in or around the developing acrosome of spermatids. In addition, dynamin 2 was co‐localized with complexin I in the acrosomal region of mammalian sperm. Its co‐localization and interaction with complexin I suggest that dynamin 2 may play a role during acrosome formation and/or acrosomal exocytosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 750–757, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haptophyte Diversity and Vertical Distribution Explored by 18S and 28S Ribosomal RNA Gene Metabarcoding and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Haptophyta encompasses more than 300 species of mostly marine pico‐ and nanoplanktonic flagellates. Our aims were to investigate the Oslofjorden haptophyte diversity and vertical distribution by metabarcoding, and to improve the approach to study haptophyte community composition, richness and proportional abundance by comparing two rRNA markers and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Samples were collected in August 2013 at the Outer Oslofjorden, Norway. Total RNA/cDNA was amplified by haptophyte‐specific primers targeting the V4 region of the 18S, and the D1‐D2 region of the 28S rRNA. Taxonomy was assigned using curated haptophyte reference databases and phylogenetic analyses. Both marker genes showed Chrysochromulinaceae and Prymnesiaceae to be the families with highest number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), as well as proportional abundance. The 18S rRNA data set also contained OTUs assigned to eight supported and defined clades consisting of environmental sequences only, possibly representing novel lineages from family to class. We also recorded new species for the area. Comparing coccolithophores by SEM with metabarcoding shows a good correspondence with the 18S rRNA gene proportional abundances. Our results contribute to link morphological and molecular data and 28S to 18S rRNA gene sequences of haptophytes without cultured representatives, and to improve metabarcoding methodology.
Renal allograft rejection: expression and function of VCAM‐1 on tubular epithelial cells

The interaction between vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and very late antigen‐4 (VLA‐4) is known to play an important role in stabilizing the adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells. Such cellular adhesion is crucial to many immunological processes including lymphocyte‐mediated cell lysis. In this study the expression of VCAM‐I on renal tubular epithelial cells is demonstrated on biopsy sections recovered during acute renal allograft rejection. Experiments performed using epithelial cells cultured from renal tubules show that VCAM‐1 is up‐regulated by addition of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ). Combination of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ synergized to induce high levels of VCAM‐1 expression. Further experiments demonstrated that the cytokines produced by activated lymphocytes in mixed leucocyte culture also up‐regulate expression of VCAM‐1. Assays of the adhesion of lymphoid cells to cultured renal epithelial cells showed that cytokine pretreatment of the renal cells enhanced the binding of lymphoid cells. The proportion of bound lymphoid cells was significantly reduced by addition of an antibody capable of blocking the interaction of VCAM‐1 with VLA‐4. This result indicated that the VCAM‐1 induced on renal epithelial cells by inflammatory cytokines is functionally capable of binding VLA‐4, thereby enhancing the adhesion of potentially graft‐damaging lymphoid cells.