Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Implications of Banks’ Workforce Casualization and Contracting on Industrial Relations and Corporate Governance Profile of Nigeria State

Work force casualization and contracting has become the bane of employment practice of hirers of labour in Nigeria labour industry over the recent few decades. This research is a post-field desk evaluation of the on-going research sponsored by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND), Nigeria through the Federal University Wukari. The current position is to evaluate the extant literatures vis-à-vis the field data collection experience to establish a general overview of the “implications of banks’ workforce casualization and contracting on industrial relations and corporate governance profile of Nigeria state�? which is expected to serve as useful basis for deductions and generalization when our research hypotheses will be tested in the main report document. At this stage, desk-review method was adopted. In the plethora of literatures evaluated scholars agreed that casualization dehumanized and degrades labour integrity which ultimately results into poor work ethics, low employee commitment and productivity and increased disloyalty. Casualization creates hate and unfriendly industrial relations between the employers of labour and the organization’s workforce.
Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Further Evidence on the Causality Issue

The study specifically investigated the causality between the openness variable and economic growth, using data from the Nigerian economy. Previous studies in Nigeria have interpreted the regression results of output variables on the export trade variable as providing support for trade liberalization as an engine for growth with less emphasis on other measures like import. Such an interpretation is questionable since these regressions provided no means for determining the direction of causality. This paper performed causality tests with various forms of openness measures and economic growth. The results indicated a unidirectional relationship between openness and growth. This shows that an increasing level of openness will be beneficial, depending on the level of economic development in Nigeria. The result is robust across different measures of openness and analytical techniques.
Inorganic carbon transport in some marine microalgal species

Inorganic carbon transport was investigated in a range of marine microalgae. A small-celled strain of Stichococcus bacillaris, containing appreciable carbonic anhydrase activity, showed a high affinity for CO2, while measurement of the internal inorganic carbon pool by the silicone oil layer centrifugal filtering technique showed cells concentrated inorganic carbon up to 20-fold in relation to the external medium at pH 5.0 but not pH 8.3. The addition of 14CO2 or H14CO3− to cells in short-term kinetic experiments at pH 8.3 confirmed that only CO2 provides the exogenous substrate for substantial inorganic carbon accumulation within the cell. High-affinity HCO3− transport in Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Porphyridium purpureum is dependent on sodium ions, while intracellular carbonic anhydrase increased the steady-state flux of CO2 from inside the plasmalemma to Rubisco. In the presence of HCO3− the intracellular pH in cells of P. purpureum is 7.1 but on carbon starvation the pH falls to 6.0. Ethoxyzolamide.
Contractual Choice

This entry discusses alternative theories of contract choice and design with special emphasis on (i) the interaction between contract design and contract enforcement and (ii) the explanatory power of alternative theories. After discussing the primary functions of contract, the entry reviews the assumptions and implications for contract design of the three dominant approaches to contracting in economics. An overview of the empirical literature on contracting and contractual choice identifies the main empirical regularities and their relation to the theory. A final section addresses implications for contract law and enforcement and directions for future research.
The Semantic Expansion of ‘Wife’ and ‘Husband’ Among the YorùBa�? of Southwestern Nigeria

Although one of the existing studies on Nigerian or African kinship terms has argued that semantic expansion of such words constitutes an absurdity to the English society, none has argued for the necessity of a specialized dictionary to address the problem of absurdity to the English society, the custodian of the English language. This is important especially now that the language has become an invaluable legacy which non-native speakers of the language use to express their culture as well as the fact that the English people now accept the Greek and Hebrew world-views through Christianity. This paper provides additional evidence in support of semantic expansion of kingship terms like ‘wife’ and ‘husband’ not only in a Nigerian or an African language but also in Greek and Hebrew languages. The paper argues that if English is to play its role as an international language, it will be desirable if our lexicographers can publish a specialized dictionary that will take care of kinship terms, as it is the case in some other specialized dictionaries on the different professions such as medicine, nursing, linguistics and agriculture, to mention but a few, so as to guide against ambiguity or absurdity that may arise in language use in social interactions.
The Black-Fruited Crataegus of Western North America

Mr. W. N. SUKSDORF has sent me an interesting series of specimens of black-fruited Crataegus collected by him in the neighborhood of Bingen, Klickitat County, western Washington, and -has called my attention to some distinct variations in different individuals of these plants. He groups his plants as follows: i (D). Plants with normally twenty stamens; fruit usually in fewfruited clusters, generally not more than 8mm in diameter, and ripening sometimes as early as the first of July and sometimes not until the middle of August.
Climate change and bet‐hedging: interactions between increased soil temperatures and seed bank persistence

In order to predict the long‐term consequences of climate change, it is necessary to link future environmental changes to mechanisms that control plant population processes. This information can then be incorporated into strategies to more accurately model climate change impacts on species or to estimate future extinction risks. We examined the impact of increased temperatures on the longevity and dynamics of the persistent soil seed banks of eight ephemeral species from arid Australia. We found that the predicted global temperature increases under climate change will be reflected in increased soil temperatures, and that seeds in the soil seed bank will be exposed to long durations of high temperatures over the summer months. Three of the eight species studied had significantly greater levels of germination after exposure to predicted increased soil temperatures. Another species displayed a dramatic decrease in seed viability after such exposure. The capacity of such species to use the seed bank to bet hedge against rainfall events that cause germination but are insufficient to allow plant maturation, is compromised by increased germinability and subsequent loss or reduction of seed bank persistence. These predicted changes in the dynamics of soil seed banks increase the risk of local extinctions of these species, while the composition of the community may be altered by changes in species abundance. Our results show that the risk spreading mechanism provided by persistent seed banks could be compromised by the mechanistic impact of forecast temperature increases in arid habitats, and highlight the need to understand mechanisms that control population dynamics when attempting to address likely future impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
On the Structure of a New C-Glycosyl Flavone Embinin, Isolated from the Petals of Iris germanica Linnaeous

proposed the formula C28H32O20,5H2O as a flavonol-di-rhamnoside. However, no isolation of its aglycon have been made. The present paper deals with the elucida tion of the structure of embinin (I) isolated from a different source, i.e. the fresh petals of Iris germanica Linnaeous*3 belonging to the same Family. As a result of detailed examination, it has been found that hydrolysis with 5% sulfuric acid of embinin (I) gave, not only two moles of L-rhamnose, but also a new aglycon (II), C23H24O10, mp 236•`8•Ž, which will be named embigenin hereafter.
Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Diaemus youngi: First record for the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil.

Diaemus youngi is one of the three species of extant Neotropical hematophagous bats (Greenhall and Schutt Jr. 1996). Morphologically, it differs from the other two vampires in the lack of a calcaneum and a tail, and it also has white wing tips (Nowak 1994). Both sexes of this species possess cup-shaped scent glands located bilaterally inside the mouth, which emit an offensive odor (Greenhall and Schutt Jr. 1996). Its diet comprises mostly avian blood (Bredt et al. 1998).
Time-Varying Effect of Uncertainty Shocks on Unemployment: A Note on Caggiano Castelnuovo and Groshenny (2014)

We employ a time-varying parameter VAR to examine the dynamic effect of uncertainty shocks on unemployment during different recessions. We find that the impact of uncertainty shocks during the Great Recession is significantly larger compared to previous recessions. Empirical studies should consider that economic dynamics of the Great Recession are substantially different.
Degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro de algumas gramíneas sob pastejo contínuo

Foram avaliadas a cinetica de degradacao e a degradabilidade efetiva (DE) da materia seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e proteina bruta (PB) com ou sem correcao para contaminacao por proteina de origem microbiana da aveia preta, capim-Mombaca, grama estrela roxa e milheto, provenientes de pastagens sob pastejo continuo. A forragem foi colhida em diferentes pontos do piquete a cada 14 dias para aveia preta e, a cada 28 dias, para as outras forrageiras. Os alimentos foram incubados no rumen em sacos de nailon nos tempos 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 h. Foram utilizados tres bovinos machos, inteiros, com 350 kg PV. Para correcao da contaminacao por proteina microbiana nos residuos de incubacao, foi determinado o teor de proteina insoluvel em detergente neutro. Para MS, a aveia preta e o milheto apresentaram maior fracao soluvel (a = 32 e 24%) e maior DE a 5%/h (53 e 48%). A grama estrela roxa de inverno apresentou menor fracao soluvel (14%) e menor DE da MS a 5%/h (23%). Para PB corrigida, a aveia preta e o milheto apresentaram maior DE a 5%/h (80 e 75%) em relacao as outras gramineas (DE media de 67%). A taxa de degradacao e a DE da PB foram subestimadas quando nao foi feita a correcao para contaminacao microbiana. A porcentagem de contaminacao foi semelhante entre as forrageiras e para os diferentes tempos de incubacao, com valores medios de 52%. Para FDN, a aveia preta apresentou maior DE a 5%/h (40%), seguida pelo milheto (35%), estrela roxa no verao (23%), estrela roxa no inverno (19%) e Mombaca (16%). A aveia preta e o milheto apresentaram maior fracao soluvel, maior taxa de degradacao e maior DE da MS, PB e FDN em relacao a grama estrela e ao capim-Mombaca.
Does Accessibility to Higher Education Matter? Choice Behavior of High School Graduates in the Netherlands

This paper identifies pivotal factors behind individual decision-making in the transition from high school to post-secondary education in the Netherlands. We apply a multinomial logit framework to individual data on post-secondary education choices. Specifically, our modeling approach accommodates two types of effects that have not received ample attention in the literature. First, we include information regarding the geographical accessibility of the higher education system. Second, we allow the individual observations to be correlated within schools in order to account for localized social interactions. Our results confirm the paramount influence of the student's track record and talent. The results, however, also show that geographical proximity to universities or professional colleges significantly increases the probability of high school leavers continuing their education at the post-secondary level.
Desarrollo financiero, acumulación de capital foráneo y pobreza: modelo teórico RBC en economía pequeña abierta (Financial Development; Foreign Capital Accumulation and Poverty: A Theoretical Rbc Model for a Small Open Economy)

<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> La economía mundial se caracteriza por altos niveles de pobreza. Algunos autores han relacionado el desarrollo financiero, entendido como todas aquellas medidas que le permiten al sistema financiero reducir los costos de información y transacción, facilitando la movilización y locación eficiente del capital con los niveles de pobreza de los países. Este artículo utiliza el marco teórico Kollintzas y Vassilatos (2000) para hacer una aproximación desde un modelo simple de Ciclos Económicos Reales (o RBC por sus siglas en inglés), endogeneizando los costos de transacción, relacionándolos con el desarrollo financiero de los países. Los resultados indican que mejorías en el desarrollo financiero afectan las decisiones óptimas de los individuos e incide indirectamente en la remuneración de los factores de producción, entre ellos el trabajo. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Global economy is characterized by high levels of poverty. Some authors have linked financial development, understood as all those measures that allow the financial system to reduce information and transaction costs, and facilitate the mobilization and efficient location of the capital, to poverty levels of the countries. This paper uses the theoretical framework of Kollintzas and Vassilatos (2000) as a reference for a simple Real Business Cycle (RBC) model endogenizing transaction costs, referring to the financial development of countries. The results show that improvements in financial development affect the optimal decisions of individuals and indirectly affect the remuneration of the factors of production, including labor.
Markets Swing on Trade and Monetary Policy

Starting in May, prices of risky assets seesawed in response to unexpected turns in trade policy and adjustments to monetary policy.1 The rally in equity and credit markets seen in early 2019 reversed course in May on the prospect of higher tariffs on US-China trade and US imports from Mexico. Facing weakening growth and subdued inflation, central banks in advanced economies (AEs) as well as emerging market economies (EMEs) eased policy to pre-empt a further deterioration.
Identificação e quantificação dos componentes de perdas de produção do tomateiro em ambiente protegido

ABSTRACT Identification and quantification of tomato yield losscomponents in unheated greenhouse The tomato production components of loss were identified andquantified in unheated greenhouse, in the summer-autumn period,evidencing the tomato critical production component and the losskey-factor, using the methodology of the crop life table. Theexperiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Vicosa,Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from January to June 2001 and consistedof two treatments (cultivar Santa Clara I 5300 and hybrid DeboraPlus) in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications.During the tomato cycle, the number of dead plants, its causes andthe number of flowers and fruits/plant were evaluated. At harvest,the healthy fruits were counted, weighted and classified; the causesof fruit damage were identified and the loss quantified. There wasno significant difference between commercial yield of ‘Sta. Clara’(40.18 t/ha) and ‘Debora Plus’ (54.98 t/ha). The classified yieldsbetween ‘graudos A’ fruits (‘Sta. Clara’: 24.39 t/ha; ‘Debora Plus’:32.32 t/ha) were not different either. The yield of ‘medio extra’ fruits(‘Sta. Clara’: 7.60 t/ha; ‘Debora Plus’: 10.77 t/ha) and the sum of‘medio especial’ with ‘pequenos’ fruits (‘Sta. Clara’: 8.19 t/ha;‘Debora Plus’: 11.90 t/ha) were low. Total losses were moreinfluenced by fruits (r = 0.89) (
Price Dynamics on a Stock Market with Asymmetric Information

The appearance of a Brownian term in the price dynamics on a stock market was interpreted in [De Meyer, Moussa-Saley (2003)] as a consequence of the informational asymmetries between agents. To take benefit of their private information without revealing it to fast, the informed agents have to introduce a noise on their actions, and all these noises introduced in the day after day transactions for strategic reasons will aggregate in a Brownian Motion. We prove in the present paper that this kind of argument leads not only to the appearance of the Brownian motion, but it also narrows the class of the price dynamics: the price process will be, as defined in this paper, a continuous martingale of maximal variation. This class of dynamics contains in particular Black and Scholes' as well as Bachelier's dynamics. The main result in this paper is that this class is quite universal and independent of a particular model: the informed agent can choose the speed of revelation of his private information. He determines in this way the posterior martingale L, where L_{q} is the expected value of an asset at stage q given the information of the uninformed agents. The payoff of the informed agent at stage q can typically be expressed as a 1-homogeneous function M of L_{q+1}-L_{q}. In a game with n stages, the informed agent will therefore chose the martingale Lⁿ that maximizes the M-variation. Under a mere continuity hypothesis on M, we prove in this paper that Lⁿ will converge to a continuous martingale of maximal variation. This limit is independent of M.
Switched Reluctance Motor, the future of Modern Electric Vehicle - A Technical Review

Development is always the concern of the world. World always looks forward to more and more comforts in the life of people. One of the areas which contributed to this development is the automation, which reduced the effort of people, reduced the distance and the time required for a job. The distance and time could be shortened by the engines used for vehicles, starting with internal combustion engine, steam engine and so on. But at the same time, development had brought in few unwanted features too. The next phase of modernization is to reduce this unwanted features. This brought in the idea of electric drives, even to the electric vehicle. The new era progresses in this search of upgrading the technology with electric and hybrid vehicles, where the conventional electric motors, induction or DC motors, replace the drive. It is the apt time to progress above the same with special electrical machines namely Switched Reluctance Motor. Researches show that the machine will have a far reaching influence in the development of the world, in different areas of automation, especially in the vehicle technology.
Association between Water Status and Sucrose Metabolism in Cell Suspension Culture of Carrot

This work was undertaken to investigate the relationship between water status and sucrose metabolism of suspension culture of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells. Embryogenic callus was induced on carrot hypocotyl in vitro. The cell suspension culture was then produced from this callus.In suspension culture, water potential and pH of the culture solution were decreased immediately after culture initiation to -0.62MPa and 4.5 respectively, but gradually increased from 2 days after culture initiation. Sucrose in suspension culture solution was found to be immediately hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose after the initiation of culture and disappeared within 2 days from culture initiation. The disappearance of sucrose from the culture solution within 2 days of culture initiation corresponds with increases in the activity of cell-wall-bound acid invertase. These results indicate that the decline of water potential of the culture solution at the early stages of carrot suspension culture was associated with sucrose metabolism as a result of an increase in acid invertase activity.
Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: A Banking Industry Perspective

This paper addresses interrelation of corporate governance mechanism and income-increasing earnings management from a banking perspective. Specifically, it investigates the impact of Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code (measured by board and audit committee characteristics) on earnings management, using a sample of 28 banks listed in Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Market from 2005 to 2016. By using two earnings management proxies, namely small positive net income (SPOS) and loan loss provisions (LLP), applying logit and linear regression models respectively, this study documents that increasing number of committees under board of directors (NOCOM) and proportion of audit experts on audit committee (AUEXP) will decrease the tendency as well as the magnitude of upward earnings management in banks listed in Hong Kong. The paper adds to the body of research on corporate governance and earnings management in the East Asian region and help regulators to find out the effectiveness of Corporate Governance Code in constraining opportunistic behavior in the banking industry. <br>
Governance Matters VII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators, 1996-2007

This paper reports on the latest update of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) research project, covering 212 countries and territories and measuring six dimensions of governance between 1996 and 2007: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption. The latest aggregate indicators are based on hundreds of specific and disaggregated individual variables measuring various dimensions of governance, taken from 35 data sources provided by 32 different organizations. The data reflect the views on governance of public sector, private sector and NGO experts, as well as thousands of citizen and firm survey respondents worldwide. We also explicitly report the margins of error accompanying each country estimate. These reflect the inherent difficulties in measuring governance using any kind of data. We also briefly describe the evolution of the WGI since its inception, and show that the margins of error on the aggregate governance indicators have declined over the years, even though they still remain non-trivial. We find that even after taking margins of error into account, the WGI permit meaningful cross-country comparisons as well as monitoring progress over time. In less than a decade, a substantial number of countries exhibit statistically significant improvements in at least one dimension of governance, while other countries exhibit deterioration in some dimensions.
Post Listing Performance of Initial Public Offers (IPOs) in Indian Capital Market – A Study

The robust economic growth achieved by the Indian Economy in the post reform period attracted lot of interest from foreign institutions which stimulated strong performance of the Indian Capital market. This has led to large influx of primary issues, as promoters wanted to take advantage of booming market. With Indian economy is slowing down for last three years and the surge in gold prices, it is imperative to know the performance of Indian IPOs which came in market during this period. The paper deals with the analysis of performance of Initial public offers which were offered to public through Bombay Stock Exchange, in-between July 2010 to June 2013 are studied. Sector wise performance of these IPOs that is appreciation in price over and above issue price in secondary market over a period from six to thirty-six months is studied.