Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Potential of Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoids by Targeting at Glycine Receptors

The glycine receptors (GlyRs) have been identified as major inhibitory neurotransmis‐ sion receptors in the brain since the mid of last century. Unfortunately, no therapeutic agent has been developed from targeting these receptors. Accumulating evidence has suggested that GlyRs are one primary target for exogenous and endogenous cannabi‐ noids in the central nervous system. Cannabinoids enhance the function of GlyRs in various neurons in the brain. However, this line of research has been largely ignored since little is known about the molecular mechanism and behavioral implication of cannabinoid modulation of GlyRs. Recent studies using various experimental ap‐ proaches have explored molecular insights into cannabinoid-GlyR interaction and shed light on the molecular basis of nonpsychoactive cannabinoid modulation of GlyRs. Emerging evidence has suggested that cannabinoid modulation of GlyRs can contrib‐ ute to some of the cannabis-induced therapeutic effects. In this chapter, I discuss recent development in studies of mechanism and therapeutic potential of cannabinoid modu‐ lation of GlyR subunits. This research direction shows considerable promise toward the development of novel therapeutic agents acting at defined modulatory sites of GlyRs in the treatment of various chronic pain, neuromotor disorders, and other GlyR deficiency diseases.
Phylogeny of Anophelinae (Diptera _ - - - Culicidae) Based on

AB! XRACX Phylogenetic relationships of mosquit& in the s&f&y Anophelinae are presented based on acladistic analysis of 163 morphological characters from females, males, fourth&star larvae, and pupae of 64 species. Species e xamined include one Chuga+a Cruz, three Bimnellu Theobald, and 60 species representing all six subgenera of Anopheles Meigen. Urwrofuenia tii Theobald and Aed.wmyM squamipennis (Lynch Arribalzag a are used as outgroups. This analysis indicates that ) Anophelinae is monophyletic, that Chugasiu is the earliestdiverged lineage witbin Anophelinae, and that the genus Anopkk. ~, as currently de6ned, is paraphyletic because it excludes BironeZZu. Four nonhomoplastic synapomorphies support the monophyly of the clade composed of the genera Biro&la and Anopheles. Thr ee major lineages are recognized within this clade. The basal lineage (lineage 1) contains An. (Nyssorhynchus), An. (Kertesziu), and An. implextrs (Theobald). This analysis supports the monophyly of the sister groups ~ysrorhynchus Blanchard and KerteszM Theobald, but finds the Albimanus, Argyritarsis, and Myzorhynchella sections of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus to be paraphyletic. The second lineage (lineage 2) contains species of the subgenus CelliaTheobald, w hi h c is monophyletic. Except for the CeUia series, however, all other series of the subgenus C&u are pamphyletic. The third lineage (lineage 3) contains species of the subgenera Anophek Meigen, Stethomyiu Theobald, LophopodomyiQ Antunes, and of the genus BirmUu BiruneUu and Stethomyia are monophyletic sister groups. The Lophoscelomyia and Arribalzagia series are monophyletic. The Arribalzagia and Cycloleppteron series are sister groups nested within the Myzorhynchus series. We conclude that there is no support for the generic recognition of Biro&la, nor the subgeneric rank of Lophopadumyiu and StethyM.
Le genre Amylostereum (Basidiomycètes), intercompatibilités partielles entre espèces allopatriques

Etude des 4 especes d'A. dont A. ferreum comb. nov., repartition geographique, caracteres distinctifs (cle), caracteres myceliens. Alors que les 3 especes holarctiques sont totalement intercompatibles, 2 d'entre elles (A. laevigatum et A. chailletii) forment de nombreux myceliums hybrides avec l'A. ferreum neotropical. Hypotheses sur la speciation en cours
HDAC6 Deacetylates HMGN2 to Regulate Stat5a Activity and Breast Cancer Growth

Stat5a is a transcription factor utilized by several cytokine/hormone receptor signaling pathways that promotes transcription of genes associated with proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cancer cells. However, there are currently no clinically approved therapies that directly target Stat5a, despite ample evidence that it contributes to breast cancer pathogenesis. Here, deacetylation of the Stat5a coactivator and chromatin-remodeling protein HMGN2 on lysine residue K2 by HDAC6 promotes Stat5a-mediated transcription and breast cancer growth. HDAC6 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo enhances HMGN2 acetylation with a concomitant reduction in Stat5a-mediated signaling, resulting in an inhibition of breast cancer growth. Furthermore, HMGN2 is highly acetylated at K2 in normal human breast tissue, but is deacetylated in primary breast tumors and lymph node metastases, suggesting that targeting HMGN2 deacetylation is a viable treatment for breast cancer. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism by which HDAC6 activity promotes the transcription of Stat5a target genes and demonstrate utility of HDAC6 inhibition for breast cancer therapy. Implications: HMGN2 deacetylation enhances Stat5a transcriptional activity, thereby regulating prolactin-induced gene transcription and breast cancer growth. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 994–1008. ©2016 AACR.
Destruction Of Rat-Liver Microsomal Cytochrome-P-450 Invitro By A Monoterpene Ketone, Pulegone A Hepatotoxin

Significant destruction (68%) of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and homogeneous cytochrome P-450 purified from PB-treated rats is noticed upon incubation with 10 mM pulegone at 37-degrees-C for 30 min. There is also a concomitant loss of heme. The destructive phenomenon does not require metabolic activation of pulegone. The destruction of purified cytochrome P-450 is time-dependent and saturable. Structure-activity studies suggest that an alpha-isopropylidine ketone unit with a methyl positioned para to the isopropylidine group as in pulegone is necessary for the in vitro destruction of cytochrome P-450. SKF-525A at a concentration of 4-mM obliterates the destruction of cytochrome P-450 by pulegone. Experiments with C-14-pulegone suggest that pulegone or its rearranged product binds covalently to the prosthetic heme of cytochrome P-450.
Fast Electrochemical miRNAs Determination in Cancer Cells and Tumor Tissues with Antibody-Functionalized Magnetic Microcarriers

Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been linked with various regulatory functions and diseases and constitute important targets in future medical diagnostics and prognostics. We report here a novel sensitive and rapid bioelectrochemical strategy for miRNA determination. This strategy involves the development of a sensing approach making use of magnetic beads (MBs) modified with a specific DNA-RNA antibody as capture bioreceptor and amperometric detection implying the H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) system at disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The developed biosensor exhibits a dynamic range from 8.2 to 250 pM and a detection limit of 2.4 pM (60 amol) of a synthetic target without any amplification step in 2 h. The usefulness of the approach was evaluated by analyzing total RNA (RNAt) extracted from metastatic cancer cell lines and human tumor tissues, which demonstrated its potential to perform determination of mature miRNAs in these complex samples. Moreover, the feasibility of the developed me.
Investigation on phytochemical, antimicrobial activity and essential oil constituents of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. in different regions of Nepal

Nardostachys jatamansi (N. jatamansi) belonging to the family Valerianaceae has great medicinal value. Many research works have shown that it has antifungal and antibacterial[1], anticonvulsant[2], anti-oxidant, anti-cataleptic[3,4], anticancer[5], anti-depressant[6], anti-Parkinson[4,7], anti-diabetic hepatoprotective[8,9], tranquilizing and anti-inflammatory activities [10-12]. It has also effected on estrogen, hair growth and against androgen[13-15]. Nardostachys is a primitive genus having restricted geographical distribution in India[16], Southwest china[17], Nepal[18], Bhutan and Sikkim[19,20]. There is conflicting information regarding its occurrence in Myanmar, Afghanistan and Pakistan[14]. The herbs are distributed on undisturbed slopes (2 200–5 000 m) of the alpine region of Himalayas[21]. Nepal is a Himalayan country with great repository of natural products. So, there is a huge scope for the characteristic detailed study of many ethno botanical plants including N. jatamansi having significant medicinal values in Nepal[22]. The species is commonly available in the local markets of nearly all over the Nepal. In Nepal, there is limited information available regarding the essential oil content, antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of N. jatamansi. Thus, the aim of the present study is to know variation of chemical constituents of essential oil, perform phytochemical screening, and evaluate antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Hybridization between two serranids, the coney (Cephalopholis fulva) and the creole-fish (Paranthias furcifer), at Bermuda

Intergeneric hybridization between the epinepheline serranids Cephalopholis fulva and Paranthias furcifer in waters off Bermuda was investigated by using morphological and molecular characters. Putative hybrids, as well as members of each presumed parent species, were analyzed for 44 morphological characters and screened for genetic variation at 16 nuclear allozyme loci, two nuclear (n)DNA loci, and three mitochondrial (mt)DNA gene regions. Four of 16 allozyme loci, creatine kinase (CK-B*), fumarase (FH*), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH-S*), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-B*), were unique in C. fulva and P. furcifer. Restriction fragments of two nuclear DNA intron regions, an actin gene intron and the second intron in the S7 ribosomal protein gene, also exhibited consistent differences between the two presumed parent species. Restriction fragments of three mtDNA regions—ND4, ATPase 6, and 12S/16S ribosomal RNA—were analyzed to identify maternal parentage of putative hybrids. Both morphological data and nuclear genetic data were found to be consistent with the hypothesis that the putative hybrids were the result of interbreeding between C. fulva and P. furcifer. Mean values of 38 morphological characters were different between presumed parent species, and putative hybrids were intermediate to presumed parent species for 33 of these characters. A principal component analysis of the morphological and meristic data was also consistent with hybridization between C. fulva and P. furcifer. Thirteen of 15 putative hybrids were heterozygous at all diagnostic nuclear loci, consistent with F1 hybrids. Two putative hybrids were identified as post-F1 hybrids based on homozygosity at one nuclear locus each. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that the maternal parent of all putative hybrid individuals was C. fulva. A survey of nuclear and mitochondrial loci of 57 C. fulva and 37 P. furcifer from Bermuda revealed no evidence of introgression between the parent species mediated by hybridization.
The discovery of new bioactive microbial metabolites: screening and identification

Presentation des nouveaux procedes de selection permettant la decouverte de nouveaux metabolites ayant des activites biologiques. L'identification de ces produits, une fois isoles, et qui sont sans doute plus de 1200, pose un probleme grandissant. L'interet d'une base de donnees permettant une identification des caracteristiques specifiques de ces metabolites, est discute
Climate Change Effects on North American Inland Fish Populations and Assemblages

Climate is a critical driver of many fish populations, assemblages, and aquatic communities. However, direct observational studies of climate change impacts on North American inland fishes are rare. In this synthesis, we (1) summarize climate trends that may influence North American inland fish populations and assemblages, (2) compile 31 peer-reviewed studies of documented climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages, and (3) highlight four case studies representing a variety of observed responses ranging from warmwater systems in the southwestern and southeastern United States to coldwater systems along the Pacific Coast and Canadian Shield. We conclude by identifying key data gaps and research needs to inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches to managing North American inland fishes and fisheries in a changing climate.
Misinterpreting proxy data for paleoclimate signals: A comment on Shukla et al. 2020

Shukla et al. explored paleoclimatic signals from a ~8 m thick profile of a moraine-dammed lake in the central Himalaya exposed due to lake burst from a flash flood in 2013. The main objective of their research work is to understand the complex glacial-climate system during late-Holocene. They attempted a novel multi proxy approach for paleoclimate reconstruction but their work suffers from misinterpretation of various proxies and erroneous/misleading discussion. We therefore report following major points in this comment article. (1) Misinterpretation of magnetic parameters: Magnetic susceptibility (χlf) has been used to interpret changes in magnetic mineralogy rather than concentration of magnetic minerals. Susceptibility of anhysteretic remanence (χARM) has been used at several places to indicate presence of superparamagnetic (SP) and multi domain (MD) ferrimagnetic particles rather than single domain (SD) ferrimagnetic (magnetite) particles. Interpreting erroneous negative values of percentage of frequency dependent susceptibility (χfd%) for climate change. (2) Poor chronology: Overlaps in ages of glacial-lake sediments. (3) References: Several statements in paper have not been referenced and some of them have out of place citations. (4) Carefree writing: Authors have shown typical example of carefree writing of a research article, for example, giving units to dimensionless parameter S-ratio, and χfd%, differences in units of χlf in text and figure, different depths for the same age in text and figure. (5) Over interpretation: Authors at places have interpreted climatic variations based on only one sample. (6) Poor justifications: Authors did not provide any detailed justification for proxy data while interpreting climatic variations. (7) No data (results) on mineralogy and trace elements were given. Overall it is not only a problem of presentation and misinterpretation of proxy data but the study also fails to deliver the final message of climate change and glacier dynamics in the central Himalaya.
Organization and consequences of functional responses in microglia upon activation of the TLR4 complex

Microglia are resident macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system (CNS) which constantly survey the tissue for signs of homeostatic disturbance. As the major immunocompetent effector cells in the brain parenchyma, they express a large variety of receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among them, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 allows microglia to respond not only to bacterial infection but also to damage. Stimulation of TLR4 by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as self-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released upon tissue impairment triggers signaling via both TRIF- and MyD88-dependent routes. The ultimate secretion of cytokines and chemokines attracts and instructs peripheral immune cells to enable protection of the CNS as well as promotion of tissue regeneration. We show here that the TLR4 co-receptor CD14 is an essential gatekeeper for mounting immune reactions in the CNS to LPS and E.coli administration as well as upon mechanical trauma and ischemic stroke. Unlike extraneural macrophages, microglia employ CD14 to gain extreme sensitivity to very small amounts of LPS. At the same time, CD14 protects microglia from overshooting responses to high doses of LPS, thereby especially preventing an excessive production of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1. Accordingly, CD14 supports the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils into the CNS as challenged by low doses of LPS, while simultaneously preventing an augmented neutrophil influx upon exposure to high amounts of LPS or E.coli. Importantly, we demonstrate a mandatory requirement of CD14 in DAMP-triggered and TLR4-mediated immune reactions. CD14 deficiency (in cd14-/- conditions) or block (e.g. by an antibody) completely abrogates microglial responses triggered by plasma fibronectin (as a representative DAMP) and impairs leukocyte infiltrations following traumatic CNS injury. Upon ischemic CNS injury, cd14-/-mice do not only display fewer monocytes in the brain but also an enlarged stroke size. Notably, we found that interferon (IFN) b is a key element in the CD14-mediated containment of CXCL1 synthesis, suggesting a negative CD14/TLR4-TRIF-IFNb-INAR1-Jak feedback loop on the MyD88-driven chemokine induction. Finally, even though CD14 orchestrates TLR4-mediated responses to infectious and non-infectious stimuli, its expression is under the control of various TLR ligands and cytokines. Thus, CD14-controlled functions of microglia are themselves subject to a versatile control by other CNS-resident and incoming peripheral cells. These regulations will allow for an incorporation or the exclusion of the damage-sensing capacity of the TLR4 complex during CNS responses to most diverse pathological scenarios.
A GIS-based analysis of catchment properties within a drumlin field

When considering water protection, the spatial distribution of catchment properties is relevant, since the areas adjoining the water body contribute more to water quality than the remote areas near the water divide. This study presents an approach to describe catchments spatially; two-dimensional descriptions allow calculations of horizontally distributed properties of catchments as a function of distance to the water body by using the concept of the typical water flow path. The study area, situated in a drumlin field in central Finland, included 14 third-order catchments that were further divided into 782 head-water catchments using a 25 m x 25 m digital elevation model. For each head-water catchment, a typical water flow path with slope, elevation, length, relative width, and soil type was calculated. The flow path geometry was diverging towards the water body and there was a 25 m section with a gentle slope adjacent to the water body followed by a steeper slope. Mineral soils dominated throughout the typical water flow path. On the basis of the results, we proposed characteristics for an average head-water catchment with the following properties: area 109.1 ha and length of the water flow path 954 m with maximum elevation 11.5 m. The peatlands were concentrated within a distance of 50 m to the water body; the rest consisted of mineral soil. The results can be utilized, for example, in calculating the impacts of forest management practices on the quality of runoff water. The results offer a baseline for evaluating how typical previously studied catchments are in relation to larger catchment populations. They also enable a regional estimate of the distribution of the relative proportion of areas situated along the water flow path.
The Pollination Spectrum in the Southwestern

The cacti of the American Southwest, defined as the region from southern California to Texas, are surveyed for types of pollination systems and their frequencies. Four types of pollination systems are known to occur in the southwestern cactus flora: bee, hummingbird, hawkmoth, and bat pollination. Two other modes are suspected but not documented: miscellaneous small insect pollination and autogamy. —Bee flowers comprise a wide and nearly continuous series of size classes from very small to very large. The large bee flowers, with perianths 5.5 to 12.5 cm in diameter, form a prominent but arbitrarily delimited subcategory in the bee pollination system. Promiscuous flowers and autogamous flowers, if they occur, are included with the medium sized and small bee flowers in our present classification, due to lack of information, and will have to be separated out when our knowledge is more complete. The overwhelming majority of species in the southwestern cactus flora are bee flowers. Between 39 and 44% of the species are large bee flowers. Another 50 to 56% of the species are classified as medium-sized and small bee flowers; while some of these may turn out to be promiscuous flowers and autogamous flowers, most of them are undoubtedly bee flowers. —Humming bird, hawkmoth, and bat pollination are conspicuous but statistically minor components of the pollination spectrum, occurring in only one or a few species (see Table 2). Hummingbird pollination has arisen from bee pollination in the Southwest. The species or species groups with hawkmoth and bat pollination, on the other hand, are basically tropical groups which developed their advanced pollination systems in the tropics.
Preparation of benzoxazine-modified halloysite nanotubes and its application on epoxy/benzoxazine composites

Benzoxazine monomer (named as B-aptes) was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550), bisphenol A (BPA), and paraformaldehyde. Subsequently, functionalized halloysite nanotubes were obtained by introducing B-aptes onto the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Then, benzoxazine-modified halloysite nanotubes (B-HNTs) were used to combine with BPA epoxy resin to prepare the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/B-HNTs composites. The homogeneous dispersion state of modified HNTs in the cured composite matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate polymerization behaviors of ternary composites. The results showed that the ternary composite possessed lower polymerization temperature compared with the neat DGEBA/benzoxazine. According to the results of thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of DGEBA/benzoxazine copolymers was improved by the modified HNTs, the char yield increased with the increase of HNTs mass ratio. The results of mechanical tests and dynamic mechanical analysis displayed that the DGEBA/B-HNTs composites possessed promoted mechanical properties.
Fetal and lamb losses from pregnancy scanning to lamb marking in commercial sheep flocks in southern New South Wales

Perinatal lamb mortality is a major challenge for sheep producers worldwide. Lamb losses from ultrasound pregnancy scanning to lamb marking were assessed in 125 mobs of ewes sourced predominantly from sheep flocks in southern New South Wales. In total, 103 086 lambs were marked from100 165 ewes present at joining. Despite the majority of producers undertaking best-practice ewe management, including ultrasound scanning for pregnancy and preferential feeding of multiple bearing ewes, losses were similar to those reported previously (11% and 29% for singles and twins respectively). Non-Merino ewes had significantly lower losses than did Merino ewes, irrespective of ram type (13% versus 21%, P < 0.001). There was a tendency for mob size in twin-bearing ewes to influence survival, with a lower mob size (<200) having lower losses (29% versus 33%, P = 0.07). These results are discussed in the context of existing extension advice about ewe management and perinatal lamb mortality.