Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal expression of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-II and the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in the sheep fetal mammary gland

The mammary gland is an example of a tissue of epidermal origin that depends for the development of its characteristic morphology on underlying mesenchymal cells. The interaction between mesenchyme and epithelium appears to be mediated by polypetide growth factors. In situ hybridization has been used to study, in the mammary gland of female sheep fetuses, the distribution of mRNA for the mammary mitogens, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II, and the IGF-I receptor, from 10 to 20 weeks of intrauterine life (term is ∼22 weeks). At 10 weeks, secondary ducts had formed from the primary duct. By week 20, the gland had increased in volume and complexity, showing primitive lobules embedded in intralobular connective tissue disposed around main ducts. IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were expressed in cells of the intralobular connective tissue underlying the epithelium, while the IGF-I receptor was expressed in epithelium. Quantitation by absorbance measurements showed that mRNA expression increased with pregnancy stage for IGF-I and IGF-II, but not significantly for the IGF-I receptor, and that IGF-II was more highly expressed than IGF-I. A role for the IGF system in mediating mesenchymal–epithelial interactions in mammary development is indicated.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of somatostatin and its analogues in the treatment of enterocutaneous fistula

Objective Somatostatin analogues may help pancreatic fistula although it remains unclear whether they help nonpancreatic fistula. This study involved meta-analysis of somatostatin analogues for treatment of enterocutaneous fistula. Methods Meta-analysis of studies was undertaken, to estimate the effect of somatostatin analogues on spontaneous closure, time to closure and mortality. Results Results showed significant associations between somatostatin and both spontaneous closure rate [odds ratio (OR) 6.61, 95% (CI) confidence interval 1.35–32.43] and time to closure (standardized mean difference −0.80, 95% CI: −1.34 to −0.26). Octreotide reduced closure time (standardized mean difference −0.57, 95% CI: −0.95 to −0.20) but not spontaneous closure (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 0.64–4.76). Lanreotide also improved time to closure (mean of 17 days vs. 26 days, standard deviation not stated) but not spontaneous closure (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.42–2.12). Somatostatin, octreotide and lanreotide did not significantly affect mortality (OR: 0.30, 0.82, and 0.48; 95% CI: 0.03–3.47, 0.38–1.78, and 0.04–5.07 respectively). Conclusion Somatostatin and octreotide improved fistula closure time but only somatostatin improved spontaneous closure rate.
A Comparison of Three Videolaryngoscopes: The Macintosh Laryngoscope Blade Reduces, but Does Not Replace, Routine Stylet Use for Intubation in Morbidly Obese Patients

BACKGROUND: Many manufacturers are producing videolaryngoscopes (VLSs) with differing specifications, user interfaces, and geometry. It is clinically relevant to know the relative performance of the blades. Visualization of the glottis and intubation are often problematic in (extremely) obese patients, and the new video technology may offer better functionality and performance. Although many tracheal intubations with direct laryngoscopy are performed with an unstyletted endotracheal tube, it is recommended to use a stylet for intubation using videolaryngoscopy. In this study, we compared 3 VLSs in morbidly obese patients undergoing intubation for elective surgery and tested whether it is feasible to intubate the tracheas of morbidly obese patients without using a stylet. METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive adult morbidly obese patients (body mass index >35 kg/m2) were randomly selected to receive one of 3 VLSs: GlideScope®, Storz® V-Mac™, and McGrath®. Direct laryngoscopy scored the best possible view of the glottis; subsequently, the respective VLS was used, and the patient's trachea was intubated. Common preprocedural (e.g., Mallampati grade) and intraprocedural (Cormack-Lehane grade) metrics of intubation difficulty were measured, as well as the dependent variables of intubation time, number of attempts, and subjective difficulty. RESULTS: All 3 VLSs tested offered an equal or better view of the glottis compared with traditional direct laryngoscopy. The number of attempts necessary to intubate the trachea differed significantly among VLSs (average 2.6 ± 1.0 attempts for the GlideScope, 1.4 ± 0.7 for the Storz, and 2.9 ± 0.9 for the McGrath VLS). The average intubation times were 33 ± 18 s for the GlideScope, 17 ± 9 s for the Storz, and 41 ± 25 s for the McGrath VLS. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the VLS with the Macintosh blade (Storz VLS) had a better overall satisfaction score, intubation time, number of intubation attempts, and necessity of extra adjuncts, compared with the 2 other tested devices.
Platinum nanoparticle is a useful scavenger of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide

Bimetallic nanoparticles consisting of gold and platinum were prepared by a citrate reduction method and complementarily stabilized with pectin (CP-Au/Pt). The percent mole ratio of platinum was varied from 0 to 100%. The CP-Au/Pt were alloy-structured. They were well dispersed in water. The average diameter of platinum nanoparticles (CP-Pt) was 4.7 ± 1.5 nm. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was quenched by CP-Au/Pt consisting of more than 50% platinum whereas superoxide anion radical () was quenched by any CP-Au/Pt. The CP-Au/Pt quenched these two reactive oxygen species in dose-dependent manners. The CP-Pt is the strongest quencher. The CP-Pt decomposed H2O2 and consequently generated O2 like catalase. The CP-Pt actually quenched which was verified by a superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kit. This quenching activity against persisted like SOD. Taken together, CP-Pt may be a SOD/catalase mimetic which is useful for medical treatment of oxidative stress diseases.
Convergence Analysis of a Finite Element Projection/Lagrange-Galerkin Method for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

This paper provides a convergence analysis of a fractional-step method to compute incompressible viscous flows by means of finite element approximations. In the proposed algorithm, the convection, the diffusion, and the incompressibility are treated in three different substeps. The convection is treated first by means of a Lagrange--Galerkin technique, whereas the diffusion and the incompressibility are treated separately in two subsequent substeps by means of a projection method. It is shown that provided the time step, $\delta t,$ is of ${\cal O}(h^{d/4}),$ where $h$ is the meshsize and $d$ is the space dimension ($2\leq d \leq 3$), the proposed method yields for finite time T an error of ${\cal O}(h^{l+1}+\delta t)$ in the L2 norm for the velocity and an error of ${\cal O}(h^{l}+\delta t)$ in the H1 norm (or the L2 norm for the pressure), where l is the polynomial degree of the approximate velocity.
The Origins of HLA‐A,B,C Polymorphism

Polymorphism of HLA-A,B and C genes determines the repertoire of receptor specificities expressed by cytolytic CDS T lymphocytes (CTL) and the response of natural killer (NK) cells. In the performance of these functions HLA-A,B,C heavy chains interact with ^i-microglobulin (/A-m), a multitude of peptides of 810 amino acids, diverse T-cell receptors (TcR), the CD8 co-receptor, class I receptors of NK cells, the TAP peptide transporter, and the chaperonins calnexin and heavy chain binding protein (BIP). Polymorphism modulates all these interactions and in aggregate affects profoundly the cytolytic lymphocyte response in persons with different HLA-A,B,C types. Pairwise comparison of unrelated individuals in modern human populations shows they rarely have the same HLA-A,B,C type. As a consequence the human cytoiytic lymphocyte response to infectious agents, transformed cells, transplanted tissues and autoantigens varies from one person to another. There is no wild-type the normal individual on which research can be focused. So, to gain understanding of the human immune response and facilitate the prevention and cure of disease, it becomes necessary to study all HLA-A,B,C types. The further this endeavor has been pursued the greater the diversity of HLA-A,B and C that has been found. Although a monumental headache for the biological or clinical reductionist, the tremendous diversity of HLA-A,B,C make these genes wonderful tools for those interested in the evolution of human populations and their immune relationship to diverse pathogens.
The concept of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is valid

The term perihilar cholangiocarcinoma has been used for all tumours involving or requiring resection of the hepatic confluence. However, it does not distinguish between intrahepatic and extrahepatic hilar tumours, and has no clinicopathological basis. This retrospective study examined whether the concept of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is valid clinically.
Casein Kinases I of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori: Their Possible Roles in Circadian Timing and Developmental Determination

Doubletime (DBT), a homolog of casein kinase I[. epsilon] (CKI[.epsilon]), is an essential circadian clock component and developmental regulator in Drosophila melanogaster. The authors cloned a dbt homolog from the silkworm, Bombyx mori(Bmdbt), and examined its spatial and temporal expression in comparison to a CKI[. alpha] homolog (BmCKI[.alpha]). Four Bmdbt splice variants and 2 BmCKI[. alpha] splice variants were detected, and their expression patterns varied in different tissues. The level of Bmdbt transcript in the brain was constant under LD 12:12 while those of BmCKI[. alpha] transcripts fluctuated with a decrease at ZT12. In situ hybridization showed presumably identical distribution of dbt, CKI[. alpha], and per transcripts in the putative clock neurons of the head ganglia, as well as in the retina, where CKI-and PER-like immunoreactivities were colocalized, suggesting a possible involvement of both CKIs in the B. mori circadian system. Signals were detected at 4 Ia1 neurons in each dorsolateral protocerebrum, 6 to 8 cells in the pars intercerebralis, about 6 cells in the suboesophageal ganglion, 2 neurons in the frontal ganglion, and most of the photoreceptors. All these cells contained dbt, CKI[. alpha], and per antisense transcripts. The Northern analysis of dbtand CKI[. alpha] transcripts at different developmental stages showed that both genes were expressed at relatively high levels during early embryogenesis and in the ovary. The levels of CKI[. alpha] transcripts were also high in the late larval stages until the mid-fifth instar and then suddenly disappeared before larval-pupal ecdysis. In contrast, the transcriptional activity of both genes was low in diapausing eggs.
Face Recognition using Local Patterns

— Deriving an effective face representation is very essential task for automatic face recognition application. In this paper we used a feature descriptor called the Local Directional Number Pattern (LDN), which allows individual‟s face recognition under different lightning‟s, pose and expressions. Face recognition deals with different challenging problems in the field of image analysis and human computer interface. To deal with attention in our proposed work we use local patterns, a local directional number pattern (LDN) method, a six bit compact code for face recognition and understanding. By using LDN method we encode the directional information of the face images by convolving the face image with the compass mask. This compass mask extracts the edge response values in eight directions in the neighborhood. For each pixel we get the maximum and the minimum directional values which generate a LDN code i.e. generating an LDN image. Later LDN image is divided into number of blocks for each block histogram is computed and finally adds these histogram from each block to form the feature vector which acts as face descriptor to represent the face images. We perform different experiments under various illumination, pose and expression conditions.
Simulation and psychology: creating, recognizing and using learning opportunities

Purpose of review Psychology is relevant for improving the use of simulation in anesthesiology, as it allows us to describe, explain and optimize the interactions of learners and instructors as well as the design of simulation scenarios and debriefings. Much psychological expertise is not used for simulation in healthcare. This article aims to help bridging the gap between professions. Recent findings The evidence is building that simulation is effective for learning. Recent psychological work improves the understanding of why this is the case – or why not. Publications range from the elements to be simulated, to optimizing the presentation of scenarios and debriefings to an organizational overview of how simulation can contribute to patient safety, healthcare worker well-beings and quality of care. The psychological analysis helps in capturing the salient characteristics of the tasks to be simulated and in implementing them in a relevant learning setting. Summary Using psychology in simulation allows us to create, recognize and use learning opportunities. The motivations of those involved can be taken into account and the simulation activity can be channeled into a goal-oriented direction. Video abstract available See the Video Supplementary Digital Content 1 (http://links.lww.com/COAN/A26).
Ultra compact microring with resonator cavities inside

A novel add-drop filter based on microring embedded with several resonator cavities is proposed, and the effects of the numbers and radius of the cavities, as well as gaps between cavities and microring, on the performance of this filter are analyzed. The simulations show the spectrum of the filter could be improved when the resonance of cavities inside the microring are excited. This filter exhibits much smaller size and better spectrum than the conventional microring filter.
CMS 2001 Strategy Stream Understanding Organisational Strategy

'Strategy' is apparently an easily understood concept; this has led academics to overlook research into its meaning in favour of prescribing/describing its formation. Their lack of success in this endeavour may be rooted in an insufficient understanding of the phenomenon, for when prominent writers define strategy they conclude after much elaboration that it is an ‘elusive’ phenomenon. This inquiry unravels the elusiveness of strategy by investigating managers’ perception of strategy. Grounded theory is used, generating data from interviewing a theoretical sample of managers and triangulating with the archives and the literature. Strategy is revealed as a complex, goal-directed, social and psychological process of interactions. The emerging core theme is navigational translation; subsuming the themes of gazing, envisioning, interconnecting, interrelating, translating, navigating and power exercise. The process is conditioned by mutually impacting relationships with the organisation’s resource configuration, the surrounding social and cultural environment, the character of individual managers, and chance/opportunistic occurrences. Defined thus, strategy ceases to be autonomous, objective or neutral; rather it becomes a social and cultural practice. This is the first interpretative inquiry that finds the dominant rational discourse problematic. It shows that each strategy is unique, prescriptions are unobtainable, and the deployment of rational tools is inadequate without knowledge of the social/cultural contexts within which strategy is made. The resulting grounded theory explanation is so highly conceptual that it does not provide a strong explanatory framework. Another methodological implication is that the appropriateness of the method for investigating the micro and macro aspects of strategy is demonstrated. “As we enter the 1990s, strategy as a field of study has fallen on hard times” (Prahalad & Hamel, 1994). This sentiment is also articulated by Feurer & Chaharbaghi (1995), Hendry (1995) and others; yet the problem of divergence between strategy research and managers’ perceptions of its usefulness is not a recent one. Two decades ago, Schendel & Hofer (1979: 512) expressed a similar concern, they quoted a practitioner to illustrate the point; “by and large you do research that is not very relevant to us”. Indeed, studies that predate the current strategy literature demonstrate that strategy processes are persistently non-rational, resembling what has become to be known as ‘muddling through’ and ‘organised anarchy’ (Braybrooke & Lindblom, 1963; Cyert & March, 1963; Cohen et al., 1972). The disillusionment with the value of the strategy literature had quickly spread to other academics see Mintzberg (1994). The very concept of purposeful strategy seems to be seriously undermined by the recognition that unintended organisational strategies often emerge out of social interactions and adaptation within and outside their boundaries (Mintzberg & Quinn, 1991; Stacey, 1996a; McMaster, 1996; Levy, 1994). Levy (1994) acknowledges that conventional strategy research,
Identification of two strains of cultured canine renal epithelial cells (MDCK cells) which display entirely different physiological properties.

Cultured monolayers of Madin-Derby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown upon permeable filter supports display many features of in vivo epithelia. Measurements of transmonolayer resistance, open-circuit p.d. , dilution and bi-ionic p.d. s have been made of MDCK monolayers mounted in Ussing-type chamber (0.75 cm window radius). Previously reported values of transmonolayer resistance of 100 omega cm2 (Cereijido, Robbins, Dolan, Rotunno & Sabatini, 1978; Misfeldt, Hamamoto & Pitelka, 1976) indicate a 'leaky' epithelium. The major finding of this work is that MDCK monolayers can also display values of transmonolayer resistance similar to 'tight' epithelia (mean value = 4116 omega cm2). The reason for such differences is the existence of separate strains of MDCK cells. High-resistance monolayers originate from cell stocks of sixty serial passages whilst low-resistance monolayers originate from cell stocks of 109 serial passages. Measurements of transmonolayer dilution, and bi-ionic p.d. s together with Na ion tracer fluxes and electron microscope observations of La3+ penetration through the apical tight junctions, substantiate the finding of high-resistance properties in MDCK monolayers and confirm the existence of two separate MDCK cell strains displaying entirely different physiological properties. Differences extend to cellular morphology and cellular volume in the two strains of MDCK cells.
BB 0172 , a Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Membrane Protein That Binds

Lyme disease is a multisystemic disorder caused by Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Upon infection, some B. burgdorferi genes are upregulated, including members of the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) protein family, which facilitate B. burgdorferi adherence to extracellular matrix components of the host. Comparative genome analysis has revealed a new family of B. burgdorferi proteins containing the von Willebrand factor A (vWFA) domain. In the present study, we characterized the expression and membrane association of the vWFA domain-containing protein BB0172 by using in vitro transcription/translation systems in the presence of microsomal membranes and with detergent phase separation assays. Our results showed evidence of BB0172 localization in the outer membrane, the orientation of the vWFA domain to the extracellular environment, and its function as a metal ion-dependent integrin-binding protein. This is the first report of a borrelial adhesin with a metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) motif that is similar to those observed in eukaryotic integrins and has a similar function.
Understanding the past - illuminating the future

This is the report of a project funded by the British Educational Communications and Technology Research Agency (Becta) to identify the key—but forgotten—information and communication technology research projects in the UK between 1980 and 1999 and to review the contribution that these projects can make in informing the current Becta research agenda and making future research more efficient.
A Report on a Resin Composition Capable of Bonding to Human Dentin Surfaces

IT IS generally known that presently available filling materials have no appreciable adhesion to tooth structure under oral condition. '-4 Restorative materials capable of forming strong bonds to tooth structure would offer many advantages. Resistance and retention forms in cavity preparation would be less critical. Such a material could be used in sealing pits and fissures for caries prevention and in the repair of incisal fractures without the need for cutting tooth structure. The leakproof cementation of bridges and inlays would be possible. In order to realize these and additional advantages, we directed our efforts toward the development of an adhesive filling material. The results of one phase of our work are presented in this paper, wherein we report a series of in vitro experiments demonstrating a resin material capable of forming strong bonds to dentin surfaces.
Hemolytic anemia with IgG and IgM autoantibodies and allontibodies.

In discussing Dr. Dacie's Whipple Lecture, it is difficult for me to add anything to his lucid and stimulating presentation. Instead, I thought it appropriate, in tribute to both Lawrence Young and John Dacie, to try to show how their experience, at the bench and at the bedside, can be applied to the investigation and management of the individual patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). To do this, I shall present the history and serological findings of a patient whose case illustrates some of the serological complexities that may be encountered in patients with AIHA, and some of the problems of management which they pose. PATIENT SUMMARY A 70-year-old man was referred to Toronto in August 1974 because it had become impossible to find compatible blood for transfusion. There is little information about the early months of his illness. He became severely anemic suddenly, in January 1974. There was no
Partial imputation approach to analysis of repeated measurements with dependent drop‐outs

In clinical trials repeated measurements of a response variable are usually taken at prespecified time‐points to compare the treatment effects. However, the comparison of treatment effects is often complicated by missing data caused by the withdrawal of some patients before the end of the study (that is, drop‐outs). When the drop‐out process depends on the response variable of interest, ignoring missing data may lead to biased comparison of the treatment effect. In this paper, conditions for ignoring the dependent missingness are investigated and a new approach using the usual testing procedure based on data with partial carrying‐forward imputation is proposed. The proposed approach is conceptually and practically simple, and is motivated by making incremental improvement on the familiar ‘all available data’ (AAD) approach and the ‘last value carrying forward’ (LVCF) approach, which are commonly used in data analysis with drop‐outs by practitioners. It is also compared favourably to the mixed‐effect model approach with dependent drop‐outs. Simulations and real data are used to evaluate and illustrate statistical properties of the proposed approach. The principle of the proposed approach can also be extended to using other imputation methods such as the multiple imputation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.