Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Evolutionary Algorithm based BDD Optimization for Area and Power

Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagram (ROBDD) is the most popular data structure for efficient representation and manipulation of Boolean functions. However, this novel data structure is very sensitive to the variable ordering, i.e. the size may vary from linear to exponential. Since finding the optimal variable ordering is an NP-complete problem and the best known algorithm has exponential runtime so in the last few years many heuristics have been presented for finding good variable orderings. But all these algorithms for input variable ordering for OBDD focus primarily on area minimization. Here we present a Genetic algorithm based approach for the computation of an efficient variable ordering heuristically, which reduces not only the size of the BDD but also the power dissipation (switching activity power and leakage) of the circuit. A trade-off has also been done for combined area and power (switching and leakage) minimization. It has been found that the proposed GA method minimizes the area by 33.16%, dynamic power by 57.28% and leakage by 29.23%.
A combined clustering algorithm for the classification of electrical equipment's family defects

Electrical equipment's family defects are common deficiencies usually caused by some particular factors such as the material of equipment and the process of design and manufacture. In order to classify these defect data, the paper proposes a clustering algorithm combines PAM and FCM. The method uses PAM firstly to generate the cluster prototypes with the goal of lowering the initial randomness of FCM, and then it runs FCM to obtain the final clustering results. These steps are expected to ensure the accuracy of the algorithm and take less iteration. Experiments using electrical equipment' s family defects data-sets to test and verify the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm are discussed. The results show that the combination methods used in this paper provide a better performance in both accuracy and run time when compared with traditional analysis approach like hierarchical clustering algorithm.
Effects of methoxamine, and alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist, and prazosin, an alpha-1 antagonist, on the stages of the sleep-waking cycle in the cat.

In these experiments the effects of alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonism and antagonism were studied on the stages of the sleep-waking cycle of the cat, in order to determine optimal levels of alpha 1-adrenergic transmission for these stages. Polygraphic 16-h recordings showed that prazosin, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, at 1 mg/kg i.p., increased paradoxical sleep (PS) time from 15.3% to 26.4% (p less than 0.001) of total time, and the number of PS episodes from 30.4 to 43.6 (p less than 0.001). The effect was prompt, reaching a maximum during the first 4 h with a shortening of PS latency from 40.4 min to 11.0 min (p less than 0.001). Prazosin at doses of 0.5 and 3.0 though not at 10.0 mg/kg also slightly, but significantly, increased PS. Methoxamine, and alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, at doses of 0.5 and 3.0 mg/kg, increased aroused waking time (low voltage mixed frequency EEG) during the first 4 h from 23.5% to 33.3% (p less than 0.05) and to 50.3% (p less than 0.01), and decreased PS. Prazosin potentiated dose-dependently clonidine-induced drowsiness ( hypersynchronized 4-8 Hz EEG), whereas the decrease in deep slow wave sleep and PS were potentiated only at the largest dose of it. These results indicate that moderate inhibition of cerebral alpha 1-adrenergic transmission facilitates paradoxical sleep in the cat. Furthermore, they suggest that the level of cerebral alpha 1-adrenergic transmission is high during aroused waking and low during drowsy waking.
Efficient coordination of ROCOF and frequency relays for distributed generation protection by using the application region

This paper proposes a method for determining the coordination of the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and under/overfrequency relays for distributed generation protection considering islanding detection and frequency-tripping requirements. The method is based on the concept of application region, which defines a region in the trigger time versus active power imbalance space where frequency-based relays can be adjusted to satisfy the anti-islanding and frequency-tripping requirements simultaneously. This method can be used to optimally determine the instantaneous and time-delay settings of different frequency-based relays in a unified manner. The application region can be also employed to evaluate how much an existing frequency-based protection scheme violates one of the above-mentioned requirements. In addition, it can be used to set different combinations of frequency-based relays in order to make the distributed generator frequency-based protection system as efficient as possible, since it respects the region that satisfies both requirements
Mutation analysis of the parkin gene in Russian families with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism

Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR‐JP) is a form of hereditary parkinsonism characterized by variable clinical presentations and caused by mutations in a novel gene, parkin, on chromosome 6q25.2–27. Until now, no Russian cases of parkin‐associated AR‐JP have been reported on. We recruited 16 patients from 11 Russian families with dopa‐responsive movement disorders according to the following criteria: 1) family history compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance; 2) onset of symptoms at ≤30 years of age; and 3) the lack of mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene (in sporadic cases). Mutation screening of the parkin gene was carried out by a semiquantitative PCR assay and direct sequencing of the coding region. Six different parkin mutations (both deletions and point mutations) were identified in the index cases from four families, including a novel point mutation in the donor splice site (IVS1+1G→A). The majority of our parkin‐associated cases were characterized by early‐onset dopa‐responsive parkinsonism with benign course and slow progression (5 patients from two families have been followed for as long as 18–36 years), and 1 patient had a phenotype of dopa‐responsive dystonia. This first description of Russian patients with AR‐JP and molecularly proven parkin mutations confirms the widespread occurrence of this polymorphic hereditary extrapyramidal disorder. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Shape and image matching with nonconvex regularization

Die Registrierung von zwei oder mehreren Bildern ahnlicher Objekte ist von groser Bedeutung in verschiedenen Bereichen der Bildverarbeitung (z.B. bei medizinischen oder biologischen Anwendungen). Hier werden zwei derartige Probleme behandelt, zuerst als kontinuierliche Variationsmodelle welche dann fur die numerische Behandlung diskretisiert werden. Eine Gemeinsamkeit der hier vorgestellten Modelle ist die Verwendung von nicht-konvexer Regularisierung, zusatzlich zur bereits vorhandenen Nicht-Konvexitat der Registrierungsprobleme. Das erste Problem ist Abgleichung von Oberflachen. Hier sind die Daten zwei verschiedene Oberflachen. In diesem Zusammenhang behandeln wir Oberflachen, welche in einer Rechendomane durch eine vorzeichenbehaftete Distanzfunktion dargestellt werden. Unser Arbeit basiert auf Schalen-Energien welche Expansion, Kompression und Biegung der ersten Oberflache penalisieren. Diese werden durch Level-Set-Darstellung und die Geometrie der zweiten Oberflache vereinfacht. Fur dieses Problem werden zwei Modelle vorgeschlagen. Das Erste ist ein direkter Zugang welcher die Geometrie direkt reprasentiert. Die zweite Formulierung ermoglicht es, schwache Unterhalbstetigkeit und die Existenz von Minimierern zu beweisen. Numerisch kann sie effizient auf adaptiven Rastern implementiert werden. Das zweite Problem ist die Schatzung des optischen Flusses einer Sequenz von Bildern. Hier schlagen wir eine neuartige Regularisierung entlang der Trajektorien des Flusses vor. Diese penalisiert konvektive Beschleunigung der enstehenden Vektorfelder anstelle der Zeitableitung des Eulerschen Geschwindigkeitsfeldes. Das entstehende Problem kann auf semi-implizite Art durch eine Abfolge linearer Probleme approximiert werden. Verglichen mit der Verwendung der Zeitableitung, zeigen unsere numerischen Ergebnisse eine deutliche Verbesserung.
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR PERITONEAL ACCESS

Faculdade de Enfermagem, Nutricao e Fisioterapia,1 Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Nephrology,2 Serdang Hospital, Jalan Puchong, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Sheffield Kidney Institute,3 Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Nephrology,4 Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Renal Services,5 Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Nephrology,6 Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India; Dialysis Unit,7 Dianet Dialysis Centers and Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Cardiovascular Effects of Intraperitoneal Insufflation with Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide in the Dog

Cardiovascular changes caused by intraperitoneal insufflation with CO2 or N2O were measured in 15 mongrel dogs. Moderate progressive increases in intra-abdominal pressure (to 40 mm Hg) with either gas produced increases in mean arterial, right atrial, pleural, and femoral-vein pressures. Cardiac output and inferior vena caval flow were momentarily increased following the commencement of insufflation. However, both flows decreased precipitously as insufflation pressure was increased. At an intra-abdominal pressure of 40 mm Hg cardiac output and inferior vena caval flow were reduced more than 60 per cent in most cases. Peripheral resistance increased by approximately 200 per cent. Upon sudden release of abdominal pressure cardiac output and inferior vena caval flow increased but then returned to pre-insufflation values within seconds. Directly measured right atrial pressure increased with increasing insufflation pressure, but calculated transmural right atrial pressure decreased with the increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Insufflation with CO2. produced significant increases in PaCO2. However, cardiostimulatory effects due to elevated blood CO2. levels were not seen. The data from this study indicate that intraperitoneal insufflation produces serious hemodynamic alterations which are manifested by low cardiac output and elevated total peripheral resistance. In addition, directly measured right atrial pressure cannot be used clinically as an indicator of venous return to the heart since it reflects a composite of pleural and intra-abdominal insufflation pressures.
Optimal control of networked control systems with limited communication and delays

This paper investigates the optimal controller design problem for a networked control system (NCS) with medium access constraints and network-induced delays. Firstly, we restrict feasible communication sequences to periodic ones to preserve the structural properties of the plant, which separates the selection of the communication sequences from the controller design. Secondly, the discrete NCS is transformed into a normal form that contains no time delay, which is based on the corresponding communication sequences and time-delay processing technology. Then, an optimal controller is proposed to stabilise the closed-loop networked control system. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the advantage of the proposed approach.
Does idiosyncratic volatility matter in the emerging markets? Istanbul stock exchange evidence

In finance literature, Capital Asset Pricing Model predict only systematic risk is priced in equilibrium and neglect firm specific (idiosyncratic) risk which can be eliminated by diversification. However in real world investors, who are disable to diversify their portfolios, should take into consideration idiosyncratic risk beside of systematic risk in prediction of expected return. In this article, we examine real market conditions in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE), an emerging market stock exchange, over the period 2007:01 to 2010:12 by studying market wide and idiosyncratic volatility following the methodology of Campbell et al.(2001). Our findings suggest that, in 2007-2010 period, idiosyncratic volatility is the biggest component of total volatility and shows no trend in this period. Beside that our analyses about the predictive ability of various measures of idiosyncratic risk provide evidence that idiosyncratic volatility is not a significant predictor for future return.
Cálculo diferencial e integral y su relación con el aprendizaje fuera del aula en educación superior

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar el quehacer de los estudiantes de licenciatura de una Institucion de Educacion Superior (en adelante IES) en el segundo semestre fuera del aula para relacionar las actividades de autoestudio con el aprendizaje en la asignatura de calculo diferencial e integral I. Para eso, se conto con 47 sujetos de la investigacion, la cual fue un estudio exploratorio que resulta de un estudio de caso y su respectivo analisis. Como un resultado fundamental, se percibio que los estudiantes, en general, estudiaban individualmente una vez en la semana fuera de la clase, hasta por treinta minutos sin realizar ejercicios.
[Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae infections at a general university hospital over a 10-year period].

BACKGROUND Streptococcus agalactiae is a known causal agent of neonatal meningitis, sepsis and puerperal infections. The incidence of invasive infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae has increased in recent years in non gestating adults: in the elderly, patients receiving prolonged steroid treatment or those with chronic immunosuppressive diseases. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated to invasive infections caused by S. agalactiae were analyzed. METHOD A retrospective study was undertaken in patients with invasive disease by S. agalactiae attended in the Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol in Badalona (Barcelona), Spain, from 1983 to 1993. RESULTS S. agalactiae was isolated in 51 patients including 13 (25%) neonates. Three patients presented invasive puerperal infection. Thirty-five adult patients with a mean age of 62 years presented invasive disease. Infection involved bacteremia in 26 (74.2%) patients. S. agalactiae was isolated in the ascitic fluid of 4 patients with liver cirrhosis with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (one with bacteriemia) and in the peritoneal exudate of two patients with peritonitis secondary to intestinal perforation. Of 5 patients with septic arthritis, 3 involved bacteremia. Two patients presented empyema by S. agalactiae. Mortality was 28%, being directly related with infection in 4 cases (7.8%). CONCLUSIONS Without taking pregnant women into account, 68% of the cases of invasive infections by S. agalactiae were observed in adults with associated base disease, with liver cirrhosis, neoplasms and diabetes mellitus being the most frequent. Advanced age was also found to be an important predisposing factor.
Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile Status in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in South Western Nigeria

Malnutrition and increased free radicals generation are common findings with tuberculosis patients and these can impair their antioxidant capacity. The present study was carried out to estimate the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants: albumin, vitamin C and E, selenium and lipid fractions in sixty–five (M = 29; F = 36) newly diagnosed (untreated) adult active tuberculosis (TB) patients and to compare them with the levels in fifty (M = 25; F = 25) apparently healthy tuberculosis free individuals of the same age group and location. Lipid fractions, MDA, albumin, vitamins C and E were estimated by standard spectrophotometric methods while selenium concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. There was a significantly increased concentration of MDA (P < 0.001) in TB patients when compared with the control subjects and significantly reduced concentrations of albumin, vitamin C and E, selenium, total–cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001in each case) and triglyceride (P < 0.01) were observed when the TB patients were compared with non TB infected individuals. The study showed that TB patients are predisposed to oxidative stress and reduced concentrations of lipid fractions. Highly nutritious diet fortified with antioxidants supplements is advocated for TB patients alongside chemotherapeutic management and their lipid fractions status should be monitored while managing the patients.
Source Attribution of Black Carbon in Arctic

Snow samples obtained at 36 sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Russia, and the Arctic Ocean in early 2007 were analyzed for light-absorbing aerosol concentration together with a suite of associated chemical species. The light absorption data, interpreted as black carbon concentrations, and other chemical data were input into the EPA PMF 1.1 receptor model to explore the sources for black carbon in the snow. The analysis found four factors or sources: two distinct biomass burning sources, a pollution source, and a marine source. The first three of these were responsible for essentially all of the black carbon, with the two biomass sources (encompassing both open and closed combustion) together accounting for >90% of the black carbon.
Environmental effects on the structure of the G‐matrix

Genetic correlations between traits determine the multivariate response to selection in the short term, and thereby play a causal role in evolutionary change. Although individual studies have documented environmentally induced changes in genetic correlations, the nature and extent of environmental effects on multivariate genetic architecture across species and environments remain largely uncharacterized. We reviewed the literature for estimates of the genetic variance–covariance (G) matrix in multiple environments, and compared differences in G between environments to the divergence in G between conspecific populations (measured in a common garden). We found that the predicted evolutionary trajectory differed as strongly between environments as it did between populations. Between‐environment differences in the underlying structure of G (total genetic variance and the relative magnitude and orientation of genetic correlations) were equal to or greater than between‐population differences. Neither environmental novelty, nor the difference in mean phenotype predicted these differences in G. Our results suggest that environmental effects on multivariate genetic architecture may be comparable to the divergence that accumulates over dozens or hundreds of generations between populations. We outline avenues of future research to address the limitations of existing data and characterize the extent to which lability in genetic correlations shapes evolution in changing environments.
Goose-Type Lysozyme Inhibitor (PliG) Enhances Survival of Escherichia coli in Goose Egg Albumen

ABSTRACT The goose-type lysozyme inhibitor PliG enhances the survival of Escherichia coli in goose but not in chicken egg white, which contains goose- and chicken-type lysozymes, respectively. These results indicate that both the type of host lysozyme and the type of bacterial lysozyme inhibitor may affect bacterium-host interactions.
Antimicrobial properties and therapeutic benefits of honey in the quest for more efficient antimicrobial agents

The currently global and urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies to fight the continuous rise of microbial resistance led to a re-evaluation of the therapeutic use of ancient medicines such as honey. The antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) properties of honey are dependent on physicochemical parameters, floral and entomological origin, harvesting process and storage conditions. Large clinical evidence concerning the use of honey in wound care, where the rationale of its therapeutic use takes account of the debridement, anti-inflammatory action, antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory role, is based on several studies demonstrating the broad antibacterial activity. Honeys selected for use in medical devices are chosen on the basis of their antibacterial effectiveness, the most well-known being manuka honey. This mini-review covers the antimicrobial properties of honey produced by Apis mellifera (honeybee) from floral sources (unifloral or multifloral) and discusses some of the proposed mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial action.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with a Prior Fracture of the Tibial Plateau

Background: A fracture of the tibial plateau may predispose the knee to the development of posttraumatic arthritis. Malunion, intra-articular chondro-osseous defects, limb malalignment, retained internal fixation devices, and poor surrounding soft tissues may in turn compromise the outcome of total knee arthroplasty. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of total knee arthroplasty in patients with a previous fracture of the tibial plateau.Methods: The results of sixty-two condylar total knee arthroplasties performed with cement, from 1988 to 1999, in sixty-two patients with a previous fracture of the tibial plateau were reviewed. The fracture of the tibial plateau had been treated by open reduction and internal fixation in thirty-eight knees, external fixation in one knee, and nonoperatively in twenty-three knees. There were forty women and twenty-two men with an average age of sixty-three years at the time of the arthroplasty. Knee Society scores were recorded preoperatively and at the time of follow-up, at an average of 4.7 years, and complications were noted. No patient was lost to follow-up.Results: The mean Knee Society scores improved significantly (p < 0.0001), from 43.9 points for pain and 52 points for function preoperatively to 82.9 and 84 points, respectively, at the time of the latest follow-up. There were thirteen reoperations, which included manipulation with the patient under anesthesia (five knees), wound revision (three knees), and component revision (five knees). There were six intraoperative complications (10%). A postoperative complication occurred in sixteen knees (26%). Conclusions: The vast majority of patients treated with total knee arthroplasty after a previous fracture of the tibial plateau have substantial improvement in function and relief of pain. However, these patients are at increased risk for perioperative complications, as evidenced by the high reoperation rate of 21% in this study.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructons to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
On the Detection of the Number of Signals in Multilead ECGs

Abstract: New methods which have been developed in the field of signal processing to detect the number of intrinsic source signals in a set of multiple signals have been studied in their application to the analysis of multilead ECGs (body surface maps). All these methods are based on the analysis of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix related to the observed data. By using artificial multilead ECGs in which the properties of the signal and noise parts were known, the effect of taking into account these properties was investigated. It was found that the method based on information-theoretic criteria was superior in detecting the number of signal components, in the case that the noise in the data is non-white, as compared to a simple threshold method.
The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer

The age‐specific proportion of breast and ovarian cancer in the general population that is likely to be due to a breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene(s) is estimated. In addition, the age‐specific penetrance of ovarian cancer for women predicted to be carriers of a susceptibility gene is calculated using population‐based data.