Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bir Sağlık Ocağına Başvuran Erişkinlerde Metabolik Sendrom Risk Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörler

Amac: Metabolik sendrom (MS) tum dunyada giderek yayginlasan bir halk sagligi sorunudur ve bireyde bir grup metabolik risk faktorunun varligi ile karekterizedir. Calismada, eriskinler arasindaki metabolik sendrom risk duzeyleri ve iliskili faktorlerin degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Yontem: Toplum bazli, kesitsel nitelikte olan bu calismaya 20 yas ve uzerinde 300 eriskin birey alinmistir. 78 erkek ve 222 kadindan olusan orneklem Ekim 2008 - Ocak 2009 tarihleri arasinda bir Saglik Ocagi'na herhangi bir saglik sorunu nedeniyle basvuran bireylerden olusmaktadir. Orneklemin sosyo-demografik ozellikleri Kisisel Bilgi Formu (KBF), metabolik sendrom tanisi NCEP ATP-III tani kriterleri, metabolik sendrom duzeyi ise Metabolik Sendrom Arastirma Formu (MSAF) ile belirlenmistir. Bulgular: NCEP ATP-III kriterlerine gore orneklemin % 28.6'sinin Metabolik sendroma iliskin uc ve ucten fazla kriter tasidigi belirlenmistir. Orneklemin tumu metabolik sendrom acisindan farkli duzeylerde riskli bulunmakla birlikte ; %17.3'u yuksek risk, %44'u orta risk, %38.6'sinin dusuk risk tasimaktadir. MSAF ortalamasina gore ise, orneklemin orta dereceli risk grubunda yer aldigi saptanmistir (5.58 + 2.62). Ayrica calismada yer alan bireylerin c insiyet, yas ve egitim gibi demografik ozelliklerinin metabolik sendromla iliskili oldugu belirlenmistir. Sonuc: Calismada eriskinler arasinda metabolik sendrom gorulme risk duzeyi orta derecede bulunmus ve sonucun Turkiye geneli ile benzerlik tasidigi belirlenmistir. Key Words: Metabolik sendrom, metabolik risk duzeyi, metabolik sendromla iliskili faktorler, hemsirelik.
Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem

It is estimated that 50 to 70 million Americans chronically suffer from a disorder of sleep and wakefulness, hindering daily functioning and adversely affecting health and longevity. The cumulative long-term effects of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders have been associated with a wide range of deleterious health consequences including an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, heart attack, and stroke. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research concluded that although clinical activities and scientific opportunities in the field are expanding, awareness among the general public and health care professionals is low, given the magnitude of the burden. The available human resources and capacity are insufficient to further develop the science and to diagnose and treat individuals with sleep disorders. Therefore, the current situation necessitates a larger and more interdisciplinary workforce. Traditional scientific and medical disciplines need to be attracted into the somnology and sleep medicine field. Renewed and revitalized commitments to the field from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), academic health centers, private foundations, and professional societies are essential to ensure appropriate public and professional awareness, education and training, basic and clinical research, and patient care. Finally, the fragmentation of research and clinical care currently present in most academic institutions requires the creation of accredited interdisciplinary sleep programs in academic institutions. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem http://www.nap. edu/catalog/11617.html
JESS under local anesthesia: a minimally invasive technique for proximal humeral fractures -

Background: Fractures of the proximal humerus, which account for 4% to 5 % of the total fractures,[1] are usually classified as per Neer’s classification. These fractures are treated by modalities from “just a sling” to “open reduction and internal fixation”(ORIF) by locking contoured dedicated plates for the proximal humerus, with results varying from satisfactory to good. Objective: To propose a minimally invasive technique, of managing fractures of the proximal humerus, which can be done under local anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Sometimes, patients with the proximal humerus fractures are not fit for general anesthesia. Moreover, the regional block may or may not always work for shoulders; hence, we operated 18 patients and fixed the fractures with the Joshi’s External Stabilization System (JESS) under local anesthesia. Result: Of the 18 patients, all of them tolerated the procedure well except three of them, whom we supplemented with intravenous tramadol as well. While the stability with “K-wires” and “just screws” is questionable, ORIF entails a big exposure and blood loss, along with all other risks of open reduction. Moreover, all these techniques offer a debatable quality of fixation in osteoporotic fractures. Conclusion: To combat the aforesaid issues, external fixation is in popularity for a period more than a decade now. The JESS, happens to be “today’s best option,” which we attempted performing under local anesthesia.
Chronic Hypersensitivity For Inflammatory Nociceptor Sensitization Mediated by the ε Isozyme of Protein Kinase C

We have identified a mechanism, mediated by the ε isozyme of protein kinase C (PKCε) in peripheral neurons, which may have a role in chronic inflammatory pain. Acute inflammation, produced by carrageenan injection in the rat hindpaw, produced mechanical hyperalgesia that resolved by 72 hr. However, for up to 3 weeks after carrageenan, injection of the inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 or 5-hydroxytryptamine or of an adenosine A2agonist into the same site induced a markedly prolonged hyperalgesia (>24 hr compared with 5 hr or less in control rats not pretreated with carrageenan). A nonselective inhibitor of several PKC isozymes and a selective PKCε inhibitor antagonized this prolonged hyperalgesic response equally. Acute carrageenan hyperalgesia could be inhibited by PKA or PKG antagonists. However, these antagonists did not inhibit development of the hypersensitivity to inflammatory mediators. Our findings indicate that different second messenger pathways underlie acute and prolonged inflammatory pain.
The Influence of Age on the Skin Sensitiveness of Tuberculous Guinea Pigs

Young experimentally infected guinea pigs show slight if any reaction to the injection into the dermis of a watery extract of B. tuberculosis despite the presence of gross lesions of tuberculosis in the regional lymph nodes and in the spleen. The adult mother pigs infected under the same conditions when injected with the same extract show at site of injection marked redness, edema and necrosis.
High-flow nasal cannula therapy for respiratory support in children.

BACKGROUND Respiratory support is a central component of the management of critically ill children. It can be delivered invasively via an endotracheal tube or non-invasively via face mask, nasal mask, nasal cannula or oxygen hood/tent. Invasive ventilation can be damaging to the lungs, and the tendency to use non-invasive forms is growing. However, non-invasive delivery is often poorly tolerated by children. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen delivery is a relatively new therapy that shows the potential to reduce the need for intubation and be better tolerated by children than other non-invasive forms of support. HFNC therapy differs from other non-invasive forms of treatment in that it delivers heated, humidified and blended air/oxygen via nasal cannula at rates > 2 L/kg/min. This allows the user to deliver high concentrations of oxygen and to potentially deliver continuous distending pressure; this treatment often is better tolerated by the child. OBJECTIVES To determine whether HFNC therapy is more effective than other forms of non-invasive therapy in paediatric patients who require respiratory support. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 4); MEDLINE via PubMed (January 1966 to April 2013); EMBASE (January 1980 to April 2013); CINAHL (1982 to April 2013); and LILACS (1982 to April 2013). Abstracts from conference proceedings, theses and dissertations and bibliographical references to relevant studies were also searched. We applied no restriction on language. SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quas-randomized trials comparing HFNC therapy with other forms of non-invasive respiratory support for children. Non-invasive support encompassed cot, hood or tent oxygen; low-flow nasal cannulae (flow rates ≤ 2 L/min); and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) delivered via facial or nasal mask/cannula. Treatment failure was defined by the need for additional respiratory support. We excluded children with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed all studies for selection and data extraction. We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. MAIN RESULTS Our search yielded 922 records. A total of 109 relevant records were retrieved with reference to our search criteria. After duplicates and irrelevant studies were removed, 69 studies were further scrutinized. Of these, 11 studies involved children. No study matched our inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this review, no evidence is available to allow determination of the safety or effectiveness of HFNC as a form of respiratory support in children.
Side dominance does not affect dynamic control strength ratios in the shoulder

Purpose: To examine the normal strength relationship between eccentric external rotation (EccER) and concentric internal rotation (ConIR) strength ratios of the shoulder in the dominant and non-dominant extremities of healthy subjects. Methods: Fourteen men and sixteen women were tested in the scapular plane using two angular velocities: 90 and 120°/s. The dependent variables were: peak torque (PT), work per repetition (W/rep), and total work (TW) ratios. Results: The EccER: ConIR ratio in a non-athletic population was significantly greater (p < 0.05) for the dominant than the non-dominant extremities for PT, W/rep, and TW. There was no significant difference in torque production between the two-isokinetic velocities. W/rep and TW ratios were significantly higher in females than in males. Although PT was not statistically significant, a similar relationship existed (p = 0.069). Conclusion: In a healthy, non-athletic population, when tested at 90 or 120°/s, the EccER is just slight greater than its ConIR counterpart in women and men alike.
Modelling a Morpheme-based Lexicon for Modern Greek

This paper presents a method for designing and organizing a multi-purpose morpheme-based lexical database for Modern Greek. The authors are in favour of multi-purpose lexical databases, to avoid a repetition of effort from one application to another, and of morpheme-based lexica, to achieve flexibility, reusability, expandability, and compact representation of data for future developments. The suggested method for modelling the lexical database in the word-processing function is the Entity/Relationship model, according to the linguistic theory of Generative Lexical Morphology. In the framework of this model, which depicts rich linguistic information, we can introduce new data structures for storing the morphemes. These new data structures are matrix encoding schemes; one type, called the Cartesian Lexicon, has been designed as a part of our research. The matrix data structures combine the advantages of hash-tables and tries, which are very popular data structures in supporting machine readable dictionaries. Our system was tested on the Modern Greek language, and demonstrated a satisfactory overall performance in word-processing. These methods could also be applicable to other languages having morphological systems similar to Modern Greek.
Anticoagulación estratificada por riesgos

venous thromboembolism is a major cause of morbility and mortality worldwide and the appropiate management of anticoagulated patients important because of its relationship to log-term disabilities. Specialised anticoagulation facilities have improved outcomes in this group of patients by following an evidence-based approach. This revision aims to provide a decision-making algorithm when dealing with patients suffering from thrombotic disorders.
Emerging links between non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction, metabolic syndrome and its components: A systematic review

We carried out a systematic review in order to determine the connection between lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to bladder outlet obstruction and metabolic syndrome with its components. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Web of Science from their inception until January 2015 to identify all eligible studies on the effect of metabolic syndrome (or component factors) on the presence or severity of lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction in men. This analysis was carried out according to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology guidelines. In total, 19 studies were identified as eligible for this systematic review. The quality assessment score was ≥50% in more than half of the studies (11/19). The evidence synthesis showed a positive association between metabolic syndrome, number of components and lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction. In particular, the major endocrine aberrations of this connection are central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The links between insulin resistance and lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction should be better investigated. Ethnic disparities in all examined studies showed a different impact of metabolic syndrome on lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction severity and such influence still remain unclear. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction open the way for introducing physical activity and diet as recognized first‐line interventions for treating lower urinary tract symptoms. However, this connection should be investigated in two different ethnic cohorts (i.e. Asian vs Caucasian) in order to better understand the impact of ethnic disparities on metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction severity.
Diagnóstico prenatal molecular indirecto de Hemofilia A y B.

La hemofilia A (HA) y B (HB), son enfermedades hereditarias de la coagulacion sanguinea, su mecanismo de transmision es recesivo ligado al cromosoma X y son debidas a mutaciones en los genes que codifican respectivamente para el factor VIII, localizado en Xq28 y para el factor IX, localizado en Xq27; esto ocasiona deficiencia o ausencia de estas proteinas en el plasma. Multiples mutaciones son responsables de la alteracion en estos dos genes, razon por la cual resulta poco practica la aplicacion de un metodo de diagnostico molecular directo en la identificacion de mujeres portadoras y de fetos afectados; por ello, la estrategia diagnostica adecuada es el empleo de polimorfismos ligados al gen, los cuales son independientes de la mutacion y su analisis permite seguirle la pista al cromosoma X portador de la mutacion, apoyandose en el estudio del arbol genealogico familiar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar desde el punto de vista molecular, gestantes portadoras de HA o HB y fetos varones afectados o no por estas enfermedades, referidos a la Unidad de Genetica Medica de la Universidad del Zulia (UGM-LUZ), Maracaibo, Venezuela. Se analizaron 32 muestras de DNA correspondientes a 8 gestantes, 8 fetos, 8 varones afectados y 8 varones sanos para el factor VIII. A traves de la reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa(PCR), se amplifico un fragmento de 142 pares de bases (pb) que corresponde al intron 18 del gen, el cual contiene un polimorfismo de restriccion para la enzima BclI y a traves de PCR duplex se amplificaron secuencias STRs de los intrones 13 y 22, y para el factor IX, se amplificaron los polimorfismos HinfI, XmnI y TaqI; se pudieron elaborar los haplotipos respectivos en las personas clave de las familias afectadas, que permitieron identificar en 5 de las 8 familias al cromosoma X portador de la mutacion responsable de estas enfermedades, logrando diagnosticar tres fetos varones sanos, dos fetos varones afectados con HA y tres fetos hembras.
The impact of lacking metadata for the measurement of cultural and linguistic change using the Google Ngram data sets - Reconstructing the composition of the German corpus in times of WWII

The Google Ngram Corpora seem to offer a unique opportunity to study linguistic and cultural change in quantitative terms. To avoid breaking any copyright laws, the data sets are not accompanied by any metadata regarding the texts the corpora consist of. Some of the consequences of this strategy are analyzed in this article. I chose the example of measuring censorship in Nazi Germany, which received widespread attention and was published in a paper that accompanied the release of the Google Ngram data (Michel et al. (2010): Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books. Science , 331(6014): 176–82). I show that without proper metadata, it is unclear whether the results actually reflect any kind of censorship at all. Collectively, the findings imply that observed changes in this period of time can only be linked directly to World War II to a certain extent. Therefore, instead of speaking about general linguistic or cultural change, it seems to be preferable to explicitly restrict the results to linguistic or cultural change ‘as it is represented in the Google Ngram data’. On a more general level, the analysis demonstrates the importance of metadata, the availability of which is not just a nice add-on, but a powerful source of information for the digital humanities.
Etiología bacteriana de la infección urinaria en niños

Objectives: To contribute to the knolewdge about the etiologic behavior of the most frequent microorganisms causing urinary tract infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility to the antibiotics of the main causative agent. Methods: retrospective, observational, and descriptive study conducted in the microbiology laboratory of "Juan Manuel Márquez" pediatric hospital in the period of January 1st through December 31st, 2010. The register of urine cultures of the mentioned laboratory was revised, from which the 579 positive cultures from presumptively diagnosed children with urinary tract infection were taken. They made up the universe of study. Results: the most frequent microorganisms found were Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella spp. , with clear predominance in both sexes; Proteus spp. in males and Serratia spp. in females. The main causal agent, Escherichia coli, showed over 80% susceptibility to meropenem, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, amykacin, gentamycin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, whereas susceptibility to cotrimoxazole and to ampicillin was 62 % and 33 % respectively. Conclusions: Escherichia coli is the main causative agent of urinary tract infection at "Juan Manuel Márquez" hospital, so the knowledge of its susceptibility to various antibiotics can guide the doctor in its daily practice at the time of beginning the empiric treatment, prior to the bacteriological confirmation of the illness.
Tumor pseudopapilar sólido del páncreas. Reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: report of two cases and literature review The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm usually found in young women. The typical solid pseudopapillary tumor is characterized by a well-encapsulated mass generally associated with intratumoral hemorrhage. However, this tumor may have an atypical appearance, such as metastasis, ductal obstruction, parenchymal and extracapsular invasion. It may mimic an islet cell tumor, present intratumoral calcification, or occur in male patients. Both typical and atypical manifestations of solid pseudopapillary tumor can be seen with cross-sectional imaging. The purpose of this report is to present two cases of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas, and to make a brief literature review.
Sperm and seminal fluid proteomes of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus: identification of novel proteins transferred to females at mating

Reproductive proteins are amongst the most evolutionarily divergent proteins known, and research on genetically well‐characterized species suggests that postcopulatory sexual selection might be important in their evolution; however, we lack the taxonomic breadth of information on reproductive proteins that is required to determine the general importance of sexual selection for their evolution. We used transcriptome sequencing and proteomics to characterize the sperm and seminal fluid proteins of a cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, that has been widely used in the study of postcopulatory sexual selection. We identified 57 proteins from the sperm of these crickets. Many of these had predicted function in glycolysis and metabolism, or were structural, and had sequence similarity to sperm proteins found across taxa ranging from flies to humans. We identified 21 seminal fluid proteins, some of which resemble those found to be involved in postmating changes to female reproduction in other species. Some 27% of sperm proteins and 48% of seminal fluid proteins were of unknown function. The characterization of seminal fluid proteins in this species will allow us to explore their adaptive significance, and to contribute comparative data that will facilitate a general appreciation of the evolution of reproductive proteins within and among animal taxa.
RNA‐sequencing analysis reveals abundant developmental stage‐specific and immunity‐related genes in the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus

The pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) is a major pest of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and other cruciferous crops in Europe. Pesticide‐resistant pollen beetle populations are emerging, increasing the economic impact of this species. We isolated total RNA from the larval and adult stages, the latter either naïve or immunized by injection with bacteria and yeast. High‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was carried out to establish a comprehensive transcriptome catalogue and to screen for developmental stage‐specific and immunity‐related transcripts. We assembled the transcriptome de novo by combining sequence tags from all developmental stages and treatments. Gene expression data based on normalized read counts revealed several functional gene categories that were differentially expressed between larvae and adults, particularly genes associated with digestion and detoxification that were induced in larvae, and genes associated with reproduction and environmental signalling that were induced in adults. We also identified many genes associated with microbe recognition, immunity‐related signalling and defence effectors, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lysozymes. Digital gene expression analysis revealed significant differences in the profile of AMPs expressed in larvae, naïve adults and immune‐challenged adults, providing insight into the steady‐state differences between developmental stages and the complex transcriptional remodelling that occurs following the induction of immunity. Our data provide insight into the adaptive mechanisms used by phytophagous insects and could lead to the development of more effective control strategies for insect pests.