Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Losses in Dry-Type Insulation of Medium-Voltage Power Electronic Converters

Newly available medium-voltage (MV) silicon carbide (SiC) transistors are setting new limits for the design space of MV converters. Unprecedented blocking voltages, higher switching frequencies, higher commutation speeds, lower losses, and high temperature operation can be reached, which, however, create new challenges for the electrical insulation. In particular, the dielectric losses can become significant for MV converters operated at higher switching frequencies. Moreover, the evaluation of the dielectric losses is a key element for assessing the insulation stress and for insulation diagnostics. Therefore, this paper analyzes the modeling and the computation of dielectric losses with pulsewidth modulated (PWM) voltages. After a review of the dielectric loss mechanisms occurring in polymeric insulation materials, scalable analytical expressions are proposed for the losses produced by PWM voltages. Afterward, the dielectric losses of a medium-frequency (MF) transformer, employed in a 25 kW MV dc–dc converter (7 kV–400 V) operated at 48 kHz, are analyzed and measured in detail. With epoxy resin, the insulation losses represent a significant share, i.e., up to 17%, of the total transformer losses. As shown, the transformer performance can be significantly improved with silicone elastomer insulation. Finally, design guidelines are provided for the selection of insulation materials.
Mitochondrial Ubiquinone Homologues, Superoxide Radical Generation, and Longevity in Different Mammalian Species*

Rates of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical (O·̄2) generation are known to be inversely correlated with the maximum life span potential of different mammalian species. The objective of this study was to understand the possible mechanism(s) underlying such variations in the rate of O·̄2 generation. The hypothesis that the relative amounts of the ubiquinones or coenzyme Q (CoQ) homologues, CoQ9 and CoQ10, are related with the rate of O·̄2 generation was tested. A comparison of nine different mammalian species, namely mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, pig, goat, sheep, cow, and horse, which vary from 3.5 to 46 years in their maximum longevity, indicated that the rate of O·̄2 generation in cardiac submitochondrial particles (SMPs) was directly related to the relative amount of CoQ9 and inversely related to the amount of CoQ10, extractable from their cardiac mitochondria. To directly test the relationship between CoQ homologues and the rate of O·̄2 generation, rat heart SMPs, naturally containing mainly CoQ9 and cow heart SMPs, with high natural CoQ10 content, were chosen for depletion/reconstitution experiments. Repeated extractions of rat heart SMPs with pentane exponentially depleted both CoQ homologues while the corresponding rates of O·̄2 generation and oxygen consumption were lowered linearly. Reconstitution of both rat and cow heart SMPs with different amounts of CoQ9 or CoQ10 caused an initial increase in the rates of O·̄2 generation, followed by a plateau at high concentrations. Within the physiological range of CoQ concentrations, there were no differences in the rates of O·̄2generation between SMPs reconstituted with CoQ9 or CoQ10. Only at concentrations that were considerably higher than the physiological level, the SMPs reconstituted with CoQ9 exhibited higher rates of O·̄2 generation than those obtained with CoQ10. These in vitrofindings do not support the hypothesis that differences in the distribution of CoQ homologues are responsible for the variations in the rates of mitochondrial O·̄2 generation in different mammalian species.
Retinal ganglion cell dendrites undergo a visual activity‐dependent redistribution after eye opening

Recent studies showed that light stimulation is required for the maturational segregation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) synaptic connectivity with ON and OFF bipolar cells in mammalian retina. However, it is not clear to what extent light stimulation regulates the maturation of RGC dendritic ramification and synaptic connections. The present work quantitatively analyzed the dendritic ramification patterns of different morphological subtypes of RGCs of developing mouse retinas and demonstrated that RGCs in all four major morphological subtypes underwent profound dendritic redistributions from the center to specific stratum of the IPL after eye opening. Light deprivation preferentially blocked the developmental RGC dendritic redistribution from the center to sublamina a of the IPL. Interestingly, this developmental redistribution of RGC dendrites could not be explained by a simple developmental elimination of “excess” dendrites and, therefore, suggests a possible mechanism that requires both selective dendritic growth and elimination guided by visual activity. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:244–259, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Selected Writings of Hermann von Helmholtz

Russell Kahl Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press 1971 pp xiv + 542 price $25 'Many academies, not only of the sciences but also of the arts . spread over the entire world from Tomsk to Melbourne, have [expressed] in terms which I cannot read without a feeling of embarrassment, their recognition of my scientific endeavours and their appreciation of them. ' Thus wrote Helmholtz at the age of 70.
Testbed diversity as a fundamental principle for effective ICS security research

The implementation of diversity in testbeds is essential to understanding and improving the security and resilience of Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Employing a wide spec- trum of equipment, diverse networks, and business processes, as deployed in real-life infrastructures, is particularly diffi- cult in experimental conditions. However, this level of di- versity is key from a security perspective, as attackers can exploit system particularities and process intricacies to their advantage. This paper presents an ICS testbed with specific focus on infrastructure diversity, and end-to-end business process replication. These qualities are illustrated through a case study mapping data flow/processing, user interactions, and two example attack scenarios.
Computer simulation of space charge distribution in an XLPE-EPR sandwich

In joints and terminations of HV cables, a dielectric-dielectric interface exists between the cable insulation (i.e. cross-linked polyethylene XLPE) and the accessory insulation (i.e. ethylene propylene rubber EPR). Under DC voltages this interface brings together a potentially mechanically weak boundary with a large field gradient and a corresponding interface charge. It is therefore likely that electrical failure will be initiated there. For this reason it is important to understand the way in which space charge is accumulated at and around the interface. Here we report the results from a computer simulation of an XLPE/EPR sandwich system based on a previous model. Results of this dynamical model will be compared with calculation based on the Maxwell-Wagner theory, and with experimental space charge measurements. Finally, we shall discuss the model limitations and expected improvements.
Processed-Centered Teaching and Its Implications in English Teaching in China.

Process-centered teaching, as a contrary to product-centered teaching, is a paradigm which emphasizes the way in which a language, syllabus, or curriculum is taught and learnt from the point of view of the learner, and how the language becomes directly relevant to the lives of the learners. This paper, based on an analysis of process-centeredness, proposes some implications in English teaching in China. It desires to enable English teachers more awaken to the process of teaching instead of just simply paying heeds to learners’ performances in examinations.
Quality of service scheduling based on utility prediction

Next generation wireless systems are expected to provide broadband access service and efficient support to multimedia applications. To overcome the limitation due to harsh propagation environments and the scarce spectrum availability, advanced transmission techniques based on multicarrier schemes and adaptive modulation are commonly considered key elements. However, in order to fully exploit these transmission schemes, scheduling mechanisms able to take advantage of the diverse channel conditions experienced by users and guarantee at the same time quality of service, are of paramount importance. In this paper we first propose a scheduling scheme that increases the achievable throughput by combining multiuser diversity with channel prediction. Then we extend the proposed scheme to incorporate quality of service requirements of multimedia services. The proposed solution has been validated within the framework of the 1ST WINNER project by means of system level simulations.
Enzyme‐Histochemical Characterization of Macrophages in the Rat Thymus, With Special Reference to Metallophilic Cells of the Corticomedullary Zone

The cortex and medulla of the normal rat thymus are populated with scattered cells which are strongly positive for acid phosphatase and only weakly (cortex) or moderately (medulla) positive for nonspecific esterase. Corticomedullary zone is characterized, as a specific entity within the thymic tissue, by the presence of very large macrophages, highly positive for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. Moreover, these cells, located exclusively in the corticomedullary zone, show very strong succinic dehydrogenase activity and contain the intracytoplasmic granules of varying size, which are aldehyde fuchsin, PAS, and oil red O positive. The presence of cholesterol was demonstrated within the lipid content.
La constitution de l’échantillon démographique permanent de 1968 à 2012

L'echantillon demographique permanent (EDP) a ete mis en place par l'Insee il y a une cinquantaine d'annees pour etudier les comportements demographiques (nuptialite, fecondite, mortalite) selon differentes caracteristiques sociodemographiques, ainsi que la mobilite geographique, professionnelle et sociale. Il est constitue par la juxtaposition d'informations issues de differentes sources statistiques au niveau individuel pour les personnes appartenant a l'echantillon. La base d'etudes de 2012, mise a disposition en decembre 2013, comporte 2,7 millions de personnes, pour lesquelles on dispose d'une ou plusieurs observations. Moins de 500 000 d'entre elles ont ete recensees en 1968 ; plus de 600 000 en 1999 et moins de 400 000 dans l'enquete annuelle de recensement 2010. Pres de 600 000 personnes sont entrees dans l'echantillon a leur naissance. La facon de definir l'echantillon, les informations prises en compte et la facon de produire la base de donnees ont evolue au cours du temps avec des implications sur les usages possibles et sur la facon d'utiliser l'EDP.
The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Lens Epithelial Cell Proliferation Using a Capsular Bag Model

Purpose: This study was performed to elucidate the role of nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) in lens epithelial cell proliferation in the capsular bag model for this study. Methods: Capsular bags were prepared from porcine eyes and cultured in a 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C. NF-ĸB translocation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The effects of sulfasalazine and SN50 peptide, inhibitors of NF-ĸB activation, were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results: NF-ĸB was found in the cytoplasm of nonproliferated lens epithelial cells. However, NF-ĸB moved to the nucleus in proliferation cells, proliferating-cell-nuclear-antigen-positive cells. This translocation was inhibited by treatment with sulfasalazine or NF-ĸB SN50 peptide. These inhibitors also blocked lens epithelial cell migration from the equatorial to the posterior capsule. Conclusion: NF-ĸB controls proliferation and regulates the growth of lens epithelial cells. In this study, sulfasalazine and NF-ĸB SN50 peptide inhibited cell proliferation in the capsular bag model. These results suggest that the regulation of NF-ĸB in lens epithelial cells may modulate posterior capsule opacification.
High Accuracy Signal Recognition Algorithm Based on Machine Learning for Heterogeneous Cognitive Wireless Networks

—Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HWNs), including several different wireless technologies, are recent solutions that provide seamless communication for mobile users. However, with the development of various wireless networks, the spectrum detection of cognitive networks and terminals becomes more complicated, which decreases the detection performance. The accuracy and efficiency of the spectrum detection will be reduced due to integrating various wireless networks with different characteristics into a diverse overlay system. In this paper, we design a high accuracy recognition algorithm for Cognitive Radio (CR) signal based on machine learning in HWNs, which can recognize the received signal type through extracting the features. This algorithm can recognize the signal types blindly with low complexity, and prevent the influence of “hostile terminals”. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm we proposed can achieve high recognition accuracy under either Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel or Rayleigh fading channel.
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus

The dentate gyrus (DG) contains one of the few neuronal populations in the mammalian brain that are generated throughout life. Research into the regulation and function of adult neurogenesis continues its rapid growth in popularity. With the researcher new to the field in mind, we review the processes that together constitute adult neurogenesis and some of the methods most commonly used for studying these processes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acquisition et apprentissage de la phonologie anglaise par les francophones : le rôle des segments et suprasegments

De plus en plus de chercheurs s'accordent a dire que la prosodie a un role crucial dans la communication, la comprehensibilite du discours et la detection d'un accent etranger. L'apprentissage et l'enseignement de l'anglais langue etrangere beneficieraient ainsi a mettre au premier plan les traits suprasegmentaux, ou prosodiques (accent, rythme et intonation), plutot que les traits segmentaux (consonnes et voyelles) comme le font beaucoup d'enseignants, d'autant que les erreurs prosodiques ont souvent un effet plus nefaste que les erreurs segmentales. Cette these de doctorat part de l'hypothese que les francophones apprenant l'anglais pourraient davantage ameliorer leurs capacites a l'oral (production et perception) si on leur enseignait avant tout les caracteristiques prosodiques de la langue cible, plutot que de mettre en avant les segments. Notre etude experimentale compare ainsi l'impact d'une approche « prosodique » avec l'impact d'une approche « segmentale » sur des apprenants francais non-debutants. Bien que les deux methodes d'enseignement aient permis aux participants de s'ameliorer en production et perception L2, en comparaison avec un groupe de controle n'ayant pas recu de cours, aucune des deux methodes ne leur a permis d'ameliorer leurs capacites a l'oral davantage que l'autre, ce qui montre l'importance tout aussi forte d'inclure les aspects segmentaux que suprasegmentaux dans l'enseignement de l'anglais langue etrangere.
Procurement of spore‐free Bacillus anthracis for molecular typing outside of BSL3 environment

Aims: To (i) develop a protocol that would eliminate or greatly reduce sporulation within Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells, and (ii) harvest an adequate number of cells and sufficient DNA suitable for molecular methods including Riboprint® analysis and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
The Relationship between Parenting Stress of Mothers of Children with ADHD and Family Resilience

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the causal relationship between mother's parenting stress and family resilience in children with ADHD. Methods: The results of the survey were hierarchically regressed. The participants were 113 mothers of children with ADHD and who lived in resident in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do Province. The main contents of the study were as follows: First, there was a significant difference in family resilience level according to mother's educational background and family monthly income. Second, the higher the parenting stress, the lower the family resilience (r = -. 622 ), and all three types of coping methods showed the highest correlation with family resilience. Third, the variables affecting family resilience were in the order of problem centered coping (β = .376), parenting stress (β = -. 338) and mother's academic ability (β = .239). Based on this study, this study suggested a social welfare practice plan to reduce the parenting stress and increase the resilience of the mother of the child with ADHD. ■ keyword :∣Children with ADHD∣Family Resilience∣Parenting Stress∣Stress Coping Method∣ 접수일자 : 2018년 12월 11일 수정일자 : 2018년 12월 26일 심사완료일 : 2019년 01월 15일 교신저자 : 최연옥, e-mail : ok106@hanmail.net ADHD아동을 양육하는 어머니의 양육스트레스 대처와 가족탄력성의 관계 97
Scholarly monographs: why would I want to publish electronically?

Looks at the implications of electronic scholarly monograph publishing for authors, publishers and readers. It stems from original research undertaken by the authors in 1998 as part of the JISC Electronic Libraries Programme (eLib). Since the formal completion of the work both authors have remained active in the area and have monitored new developments. The project included a comprehensive literature search and review; a survey of UK and international publishers of electronic monographs by means of an interrogation of their Web sites, and case studies conducted with selected UK publishers. A separate investigation of the publishers of national bibliographical sources and services was also undertaken, and UK university libraries were surveyed by means of an e‐mail questionnaire. Offers a description of the structure of electronic monograph publishing, including the roles of the various parties involved in the publishing process, and addresses such issues as provision, costing, authoring and editorial responsibilities and challenges. An analysis of the issues associated with the characteristics of Web monographs is provided, together with a delineation of the nature of narrative content, added value components, subject orientations and quality control. Concludes with a brief consideration of some of the challenges that confront the user of electronic scholarly monographs, including issues of access.
High-Speed Metal–Germanium–Metal Configured PIN-Like Ge-Photodetector Under Photovoltaic Mode and With Dopant-Segregated Schottky-Contact Engineering

In this letter, we present a high-speed metal- germanium-metal configured Ge-photodetectors (MGM-PDs) under photovoltaic mode (i.e., 0-V operation). The metal contacts are engineered by an asymmetrical (i.e., boron and arsenic) dopant-segregation scheme on Schottky-contacts to suppress the dark current, and are with scaled spacing ( ~ 0.8 mum). The MGM-PD (with ~ 300-nm-thick Ge) is integrated on a silicon-on-isolator waveguide with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor compatible process. For lambda = 1550 nm, under 0-V bias, the devices illustrate a reasonable responsivity ~ 0.17 A/W and a fast pulse response of 18 ps.
Lean CLEAN: Deconvolution Algorithm for Radar Imaging of Contiguous Targets

High-resolution microwave images of contiguous targets often suffer from sidelobe artifacts. Deconvolution algorithms, such as Coherent CLEAN, do not perform well in these scenarios because of spurious peaks and peak mislocations. These spurious and mislocated peaks are often interpreted as real targets by the CLEAN algorithm. In this paper, we propose the Lean CLEAN technique that addresses this problem. The Lean CLEAN technique consists of a postprocessing block that works with the CLEAN algorithm. It detects and discards the spurious peaks and then consolidates the multiple small peaks corresponding to mislocated targets. Extensive simulations suggest that the proposed technique works well with different CLEAN techniques.
Inter‐test agreement and quantitative cross‐validation of immunochromatographical fecal occult blood tests

Immunochromatographical fecal occult blood tests were shown to have higher sensitivity for detecting colorectal neoplasms than the commonly used guaiac‐based test. However, positivity rates, sensitivity and specificity vary widely. We aimed to assess the reasons for this heterogeneity. Six dichotomous (qualitative) immunochromatographical tests were used in the same stool samples, taken before cathartic bowel preparation, from 1,330 participants of the German colonoscopy screening program. Positivity rates were determined, and inter‐test agreement beyond chance was quantified by kappa coefficients (κ). In addition, kappa coefficients were expressed in relation to their maximum possible values given differences in test positivity rates (κ/κmax). Furthermore, the distribution of fecal hemoglobin concentration was assessed by an additional quantitative test in participants classified as clearly positive, borderline positive or clearly negative according to the qualitative tests. Positivity rates strongly varied from 6.4 to 46.8%. As a result, overall agreement between tests was only poor to moderate, with κ ranging from 0.14 to 0.61. However, apart from the different positivity rates, agreement was mostly very high, with κ/κmax ranging from 0.53 to 1.00, and exceeding 0.70 in 12 of 15 cases. Distribution of fecal hemoglobin concentrations in the various categories strongly varied across tests. The observed patterns suggest that the strongly different positivity rates essentially reflect different cutoff levels of tests with otherwise very high inter‐test agreement. Definition of cutoffs is a critical issue in the application of immunochromatographical tests and should be redefined for several of these tests.
Protective actions of corticotropin-releasing factor on thermal injury to rat pawskin.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41-residue peptide, inhibits the edema and protein extravasation produced by heat applied to the rat pawskin. Here, the time course of CRFs actions against heat-induced swelling was investigated. The paws of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were immersed in 58 degrees C water for 30 sec and the resultant swelling was measured by the fluid displacement method. Human/rat CRF, 28 micrograms/kg s.c. , injected 0.5 to 2 hr before heat exposure reduced swelling by over 50%. Pretreatment at 4 hr before heat was also effective, but not at 12 or 24 hr. CRF, injected 28 micrograms/kg i.v. 0, 10 or 20 min after heat exposure, inhibited the progressive development of swelling immediately. Histological examination of skin showed that CRF, given before or after heat, reduced vesication, edema, epidermal necrosis and the disruption of tissue architecture produced by thermal injury. The alpha-helical CRF(9-41) antagonist administered alone, 92 micrograms/kg i.v. , before or after heat did not affect heat injury. The antagonist, however, both prevented and reversed the inhibitory effects of CRF on the swelling produced by heat. The antagonist-induced reversal occurred as late as 2 hr after CRF, 28 micrograms/kg s.c. Overall, these results suggested that CRF is a potent and efficacious agent in protecting skin against experimental thermal injury.