Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic and Faceted Classification for Intelligent Tagging and Discovery in Net-Centric Command and Control

Abstract : The success of Net-Centric Operations and Warfare (NCOW) depends upon the ability of net-centric environment (NCE) users both human and automated to readily discover useful information and services. Effective discovery requires, in turn, good semantic metadata tagging (i.e., indexing the functions of the services). Good tagging reflects the contextual relationships among the discoverable artifacts. It derives its value from the soundness and intuitiveness of its underlying approach to information and services classification. Unfortunately, classification soundness is mostly in the eye of the beholder, particularly for services that can be deployed for many different purposes, and not all necessarily foreseen by their initial developers. Ultimately, therefore, what is needed for more rapid and effective tagging and discovery is a services classification approach that accommodates multiple perspectives as to what constitutes a natural and intuitive characterization, plus tools that enable NCE users to take advantage of these capabilities without being overwhelmed by the sheer multiplicity of different classification perspectives. This paper presents a proposed structure for the semantic metadata that we believe will facilitate service and information discovery in the NCE, and will easily accommodate use by intelligent agents.
Making the Best of It: Adapting to the Ambivalence of a Nursing Home Environment

This article is based on a 9-month ethnographic study of a nursing home for older Jewish people. In this article, the process that 21 key informants went through in adapting to the dual nature of the nursing home as institution and as home is examined. A widely used phrase, “making the best of it,” was used by informants and other residents of the nursing home to describe this process. Interpretive analysis of this emic phrase revealed four dimensions: (a) recognizing the ambivalence of their living environment and situation, (b) downplaying negative aspects of it, (c) having no other options, and (d) using their will to transcend and create a home.
Test de Transformation de Modèles : Expression d'Oracles

La definition de fonctions d'oracle pour le test de transformation de modeles est compliquee par la complexite des modeles produits par la transformation. En effet, valider l'exactitude d'un modele de sortie necessite la verification d'un grand nombre de ses proprietes structurelles et semantiques. Dans cet article, nous proposons six fonctions d'oracle que nous evaluons selon deux qualites: le risque d'erreur introduit par l'oracle et la reutilisation de l'oracle.
Feeling-of-knowing in fact retrieval: Further evidence for preservation in early Alzheimer's disease

Abstract The ability to retrieve and monitor factual information varying in datedness (i.e., dated vs. contemporary) was examined in healthy older adults and patients in an early phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subjects were given free recall and multiple-choice recognition tests of 48 general knowledge questions. For all questions not responded to in recall, subjects made fecling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments. Results indicated dementia-related deficits in both recall and recognition, although both groups showed better recall and recognition with the dated compared with the contemporary questions. Importantly, despite deficits in fact retrieval, the AD patients showed intact monitoring of stored knowledge, as indicated by equivalent FOK accuracy for both groups. In addition, FOK accuracy was similar for the dated and the contemporary information in both groups, suggesting independence between level of general knowledge and the ability to supervise information stored in memory. (JINS, 1996, 2, 350–358.)
Human Knowledge and Human Nature: A New Introduction to an Ancient Debate

Introduction: Modes of Knowledge Knowledge out of Reason: Platonism The Empiricist Case against Platonism The Empiricist Case against Nativism Is Innate Knowledge even Possible? The Case for Innate Mental Structure The Case for Innate Concepts The Case for Innate Knowledge Powers of Mind: The Core of Empiricism Evolutionary Nativism and A Priori Knowledge Our Knowledge of the External World Knowledge by Best Explanation Conclusion
Comparison of relapse and treatment failure rates among patients with neuromyelitis optica: multicenter study of treatment efficacy.

IMPORTANCE Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the optic nerves and spinal cord that leads to blindness and paralysis. Effective immunosuppression is the standard of care for relapse prevention. OBJECTIVE To compare the relapse and treatment failure rates among patients receiving the 3 most common forms of immunosuppression for NMO: azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a retrospective, multicenter analysis of relapses in 90 patients with NMO and NMO spectrum disorder treated with azathioprine, mycophenolate, and/or rituximab at the Mayo Clinic and the Johns Hopkins Hospital during the past 10 years. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Annualized relapse rates. RESULTS Rituximab reduced the relapse rate up to 88.2%, with 2 in 3 patients achieving complete remission. Mycophenolate reduced the relapse rate by up to 87.4%, with a 36% failure rate. Azathioprine reduced the relapse rate by 72.1% but had a 53% failure rate despite concurrent use of prednisone. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Initial treatment with rituximab, mycophenolate, and, to a lesser degree, azathioprine significantly reduces relapse rates in NMO and NMO spectrum disorder patients. Patients for whom initial treatment fails often achieve remission when treatment is switched from one to another of these drugs.
Current Steering Creates Additional Pitch Percepts in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients

Objective: The number of spectral channels is the number of discriminable pitches heard as current is delivered to distinct locations along the cochlea. This study aimed to determine whether cochlear implant users could hear additional spectral channels using current "steering. " Current steering involves the simultaneous delivery of current to adjacent electrodes, where stimulation can be steered to sites between the contacts by varying the proportion of current delivered to each electrode in an electrode pair. Current steering may increase the number of spectral channels beyond the number of fixed electrode contacts. Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Twelve tertiary care centers in North America. Patients: The subjects were 106 adults with postlingual onset of severe-to-profound hearing loss. Interventions: Subjects received the Advanced Bionics CII or HiResolution 90K device (Advanced Bionics Corporation, Valencia, CA, USA). Main Outcome Measures: After loudness balancing and pitch ranking the 3 electrode pairs (2 and 3, 8 and 9, and 13 and 14), the subjects identified the electrode with the higher pitch while current was varied proportionally between the electrodes in each pair. The smallest change in proportion yielding a discriminable change in pitch was defined as the spectral resolution. Results: The data from 115 ears indicate that the number of spectral channels averaged 3.8 for the basal pair, 6.0 for the midarray pair, and 5.3 for the apical pair. Assuming that the number of channels on these 3 electrode pairs represents the entire array, the total potential number of spectral channels was calculated and ranged from 8 to 451, with an average of 63. Conclusion: These results indicate that additional pitch percepts can be created using current steering.
Effect of Acetylcholine and New Cholinergic Derivative on Amylase Output, Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin Secretions from Perfused Isolated Rat Pancreas

The effect of infused acetylcholine and (2-acetyllactoyloxyethyl)-trimethylammonium hemi-1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate (aclatonium napadisilate), a new cholinergic drug . On endocrine and exocrine secretory responses was simultaneously investigated during the perfusion of isolated rat pancreases. Acetylcholine (1.1 microM) stimulated the output of pancreatic juice and amylase, and significantly elicited the production of both insulin and glucagon. Its effect on somatostatin secretion, however, was minimal. Both pancreatic juice flow and amylase output were also significantly stimulated by aclatonium napadisilate (12 microM). These stimulatory effects of aclatonium napadisilate on the exocrine pancreas were blocked by atropine (25 microM). Aclatonium napadisilate could stimulate glucagon, but could not influence insulin and somatostatin secretion. The addition of atropine had no effect on the release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. These results indicate that the effects of aclatonium napadisilate is cholinergic, and that the action is muscarinic. In addition, it can be concluded that pancreatic somatostatin secretion, as well as other hormones from islet cells, is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.
Geminivirus Infection Up-Regulates the Expression of Two Arabidopsis Protein Kinases Related to Yeast SNF1- and Mammalian AMPK-Activating Kinases1

Geminivirus Rep-interacting kinase 1 (GRIK1) and GRIK2 constitute a small protein kinase family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). An earlier study showed that a truncated version of GRIK1 binds to the geminivirus replication protein AL1. We show here both full-length GRIK1 and GRIK2 interact with AL1 in yeast two-hybrid studies. Using specific antibodies, we showed that both Arabidopsis kinases are elevated in infected leaves. Immunoblot analysis of healthy plants revealed that GRIK1 and GRIK2 are highest in young leaf and floral tissues and low or undetectable in mature tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the kinases accumulate in the shoot apical meristem, leaf primordium, and emerging petiole. Unlike the protein patterns, GRIK1 and GRIK2 transcript levels only show a small increase during infection and do not change significantly during development. Treating healthy seedlings and infected leaves with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 resulted in higher GRIK1 and GRIK2 protein levels, whereas treatment with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide reduced both kinases, demonstrating that their accumulation is modulated by posttranscriptional processes. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated that GRIK1, GRIK2, and related kinases from Medicago truncatula and rice (Oryza sativa) are most similar to the yeast kinases PAK1, TOS3, and ELM1 and the mammalian kinase CaMKK, which activate the yeast kinase SNF1 and its mammalian homolog AMPK, respectively. Complementation studies using a PAK1/TOS3/ELM1 triple mutant showed that GRIK1 and GRIK2 can functionally replace the yeast kinases, suggesting that the Arabidopsis kinases mediate one or more processes during early plant development and geminivirus infection by activating SNF1-related kinases.
Ketanserin‐sensitive depressant actions of 5‐HT receptor agonists in the neonatal rat spinal cord

1 . The monosynaptic reflex (MSR), recorded in vitro from the neonatal rat spinal cord, was depressed by 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), 5‐carboxamidotryptamine (5‐CT), methysergide and R(+)‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino) tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT), and also by the selective 5‐HT1D agonists, sumatriptan and N‐methyl‐3‐(1‐mettiyl‐1‐piperidinyl)‐lH‐indole‐5‐ethane sulphonamide (GR 85548). 2 . Ketanserin (1 μm) and methiothepin (1 μm) reduced the duration of depressions elicited by 5‐CT, but not those produced by 5‐HT, sumatriptan, GR 85548, methysergide or 8‐OH‐DPAT. 3 . The IC50 for MSR depression by 5‐CT was 3.6, 2.1–6.2nM (n = 4), by sumatriptan was 15.2, 12.9–18.0nM (n= 32), by GR 85548 was 18.4, 11.7–29.1 nm (n= 12), by methysergide was 29.8,10.2–87.1nM(n=4) and by 8‐OH‐DPAT was 0.21,0.11‐0.43 μm (n = 3) (geometric means and 95% confidence limits). 4 . Ketanserin (0.1 or 1 μm) antagonized competitively responses to sumatriptan (apparent pA2 7.8 ± 0.1, n = 5), GR 85548 (apparent pA2 7.6, unpaired data, n = 5), methysergide (apparent pA2 7.9 ± 0.12, n=4) and 8‐OH‐DPAT (apparent pA2 8.3 ± 0.1, n = 3). Concentration‐response curves to 5‐CT showed a smaller, parallel shift to the right (apparent pA2 6.8 ± 0.1, n= 4), but responses to 5‐HT were unaffected by ketanserin (1 μm) (n = 4). 5 . Methiothepin (1 μm) antagonized competitively responses to GR 85548 (apparent pA2 7.7, unpaired data, n = 5). 6 . Mianserin (0.3μm), a concentration sufficient to cause substantial block of 5‐HT2C‐mediated responses but have only a small effect on 5‐HT1D‐mediated actions, caused a small, non‐parallel shift of the concentration‐response curve to sumatriptan. 7 . Depression of the MSR by sumatriptan was not blocked by (±)‐cyanopindolol (0.1 μm), (+)‐propranolol (0.5 or 1 μm) or spiroxatrine (0.1 μm), and depression of MSR by 8‐OH‐DPAT was not blocked by spiroxatrine (0.1 μm). (±)‐Cyanopindolol (0.1 and 1 μm) itself induced a slow depression of the MSR. 8 . The novel 5‐HT1d antagonist, N‐[4‐methyl‐1‐piperazinyl) phenyl]2′‐methyl‐4′‐(5‐methyl‐1, 2, 4‐oxa‐diazol‐3‐yl) [1, 1‐biphenyl]‐4‐carboxamide (GR 127935, 30 nm to 1μm) caused a concentration‐related depression of the reflex (up to 50%) usually slow in onset. Neither with these concentrations nor with concentrations in the range 1‐3nM was there any unequivocal blockade of responses to sumatriptan. 9 . It is concluded that sumatriptan, GR 85548, methysergide and 8‐OH‐DPAT depress the MSR in the neonate rat spinal cord via ketanserin‐sensitive receptors, which have some similarities to 5‐HT1Dα receptors but which are not blocked by GR 127935. 5‐HT released by tryptaminergic pathways may act via the same receptors to depress the MSR. 5‐HT applied to the cord probably acts via a different, possibly novel 5‐HT receptor to depress the MSR.
Modeling of Multi-Terminal VSC HVDC Systems With Distributed DC Voltage Control

This paper discusses the extension of electromechanical stability models of voltage source converter high voltage direct current (VSC HVDC) to multi-terminal (MTDC) systems. The paper introduces a control model with a cascaded DC voltage control at every converter that allows a two-terminal VSC HVDC system to cope with converter outages. When extended to an MTDC system, the model naturally evolves into a master-slave set-up with converters taking over the DC voltage control in case the DC voltage controlling converter fails. It is shown that the model can be used to include a voltage droop control to share the power imbalance after a contingency in the DC system amongst the converters in the system. Finally, the paper discusses two possible model reductions, in line with the assumptions made in transient stability modeling. The control algorithms and VSC HVDC systems have been implemented using both MatDyn, an open source MATLAB transient stability program, as well as the commercial power system simulation package EUROSTAG.
Clinical management of medulloblastoma in adults

Although medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, 30% of cases occur in adults. Recent therapeutic advances in the treatment of average-risk childhood medulloblastoma have emphasized the reduction of treatment-related toxicity while improving progression-free survival. However, lessons learned from the pediatric experience have not been widely applied to the adult population in Phase II or randomized clinical trials. This review will compare adult and pediatric medulloblastoma, highlight case series of adults treated at major academic institutions, and suggest directions for the contemporary management of adults with medulloblastoma.
Properties of Hybrid Water/Gas DC Arc Plasma Torch

A new type of plasma torch with combined stabilization of electric arc by water vortex and gas flow was investigated. This hybrid water/gas stabilization offers the possibility of adjusting plasma jet parameters within a wide range from high-enthalpy low-density plasmas typical for liquid stabilized torches to lower enthalpy higher density plasmas generated in gas stabilized torches. The torch was operated at an arc power from 22 to 130 kW with an exit centerline plasma velocity from 2 to 6.5 km/s and a plasma temperature from 14 000 K to 22 000 K. Moreover, gas flow in the cathode part protects a cathode tip and thus a consumable carbon cathode used in water torches could be replaced by a fixed tungsten cathode. The characteristics of the electric arc with combined gas/water stabilization were measured and the effect of gas properties and flow rate on plasma properties and gas-dynamic flow characteristics of the plasma jet were studied for argon, and mixtures of argon with hydrogen and nitrogen
Modelos Deformáveis em Imagem Médica

Modelos deformaveis sao actualmente bastante utilizados em imagem medica pois, atraves da utilizacao de principios fisicos, simulam de forma bastante satisfatoria o comportamento dos objectos reais.Basicamente os modelos deformaveis sao inicializados junto dos objectos a considerar, por processos automaticos ou semi-automaticos, e a aproximacao para a posicao final desejada e conseguida atraves de um processo de minimizacao de energia. Esta minimizacao de energia e verificada quando o modelo atinge o equilibrio, entre as suas forcas internas e as forcas externas originadas pelos dados e por eventuais forcas impostas pelo utilizador.Neste relatorio sao apresentados os fundamentos dos modelos deformaveis e indicados alguns exemplos de aplicacao em imagem medica, nomeadamente na segmentacao, no emparelhamento, no alinhamento e na reconstrucao de dados 2D e 3D.Palavras-chave: Contornos activos, imagem medica, modelos deformaveis.
Novel Approaches to Obesity Prevention: Effects of Game Enjoyment and Game Type on Energy Expenditure in Active Video Games

Background: Some active video games have been found to promote physical activity adherence because of enjoyment. However, many active games are exercise themed, which may interfere with the distracting properties that make game-based exercise more enjoyable than traditional exercise. This study compared exercise-themed and game-themed active games to investigate differences in energy expenditure and enjoyment. Method: Young adults (N = 100, 50 female, 55 overweight, aged 18–35 years) played two of four Wii Fit games (one aerobic game and one balance game per person) for 10 min each. Of the two aerobic games, one was exercise themed (jogging) and the other was game themed (hula hooping). Both balance games were game themed. Energy expenditure and enjoyment were measured. Results: After adjustment for gender and weight, aerobic games produced 2.70 kcal/kg−1/h−1 (95% confidence interval 2.41, 3.00) greater energy expenditure than balance games (p < .001), but balance games were more enjoyable (p < .001). In aerobic games, jogging produced greater energy expenditure than hula hooping in normal-weight and male participants (p < .001); in overweight and female participants, no differences were found (p > .17). Hula hooping was enjoyed more than jogging (p = .008). Enjoyment predicted energy expenditure in aerobic games (B = 0.767, p = .010). Conclusions: Aerobic games produced greater energy expenditure but lower enjoyment than balance games, and a game-themed aerobic game was found more enjoyable than an exercise-themed aerobic game. Integrating more strenuous activity into entertaining games instead of games that simply simulate exercise may be a fruitful avenue for active game development.
Tillage Effects on Soil Quality after Three Years of Irrigation in Northern Spain

Irrigation is being initiated on large areas of traditionally rainfed land to meet increasing global demand for food, feed, fiber and fuel. However, the consequences of this transition on soil quality (SQ) have scarcely been studied. Therefore, after previously identifying the most tillage-sensitive SQ indicators under long-term rainfed conditions, conversion of a research site on a Haplic Calcisol in Navarre, in northeast Spain provided an ideal location to reevaluate those SQ indicators after three years of irrigated management. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to test our hypothesis that adopting irrigation could change the sensitivity and importance of non-irrigated SQ indicators. Several soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators along with crop yields were used to evaluate SQ three years after initiating irrigation on a long-term conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) study where either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was being grown. The results confirmed our hypothesis that irrigation would change the relative importance of various SQ indicators and suggested that some SMAF algorithms, such as those used to assess bulk density, needed to be recalibrated for these Mediterranean soils.
Matching preclusion and Conditional Matching preclusion for Crossed Cubes

The matching preclusion number of a graph is the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph that has neither perfect matchings nor almost-perfect matchings. For many interconnection networks, the optimal sets are precisely those induced by a single vertex. Recently, the conditional matching preclusion number of a graph was introduced to look for obstruction sets beyond those incident to a single vertex. It is defined to be the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph with no isolated vertices that has neither perfect matchings nor almost-perfect matchings. In this paper, we find the matching preclusion number and the conditional matching preclusion number, and classify all optimal sets with respect to these problems for the dual-cube, a network designed as an improvement of the hypercube.
Impaired DNA Damage Response in Cells Expressing an Exon 11-Deleted Murine Brca1 Variant That Localizes to Nuclear Foci

ABSTRACT Both human and mouse cells express an alternatively spliced variant of BRCA1, BRCA1-Δ11, which lacks exon 11 in its entirety, including putative nuclear localization signals. Consistent with this, BRCA1-Δ11 has been reported to reside in the cytoplasm, a localization that would ostensibly preclude it from playing a role in the nuclear processes in which its full-length counterpart has been implicated. Nevertheless, the finding that murine embryos bearing homozygous deletions of exon 11 survive longer than embryos that are homozygous for Brca1 null alleles suggests that exon 11-deleted isoforms may perform at least some of the functions of Brca1. We have analyzed both the full-length and the exon 11-deleted isoforms of the murine Brca1 protein. Our results demonstrate that full-length murine Brca1 is identical to human BRCA1 with respect to its cell cycle regulation, DNA damage-induced phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and association with Rad51. Surprisingly, we show that endogenous Brca1-Δ11 localizes to discrete nuclear foci indistinguishable from those found in wild-type cells, despite the fact that Brca1-Δ11 lacks previously defined nuclear localization signals. However, we further show that DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of Brca1-Δ11 is significantly reduced compared to full-length Brca1, and that gamma irradiation-induced Rad51 focus formation is impaired in cells in which only Brca1-Δ11 is expressed. Our results suggest that the increased viability of embryos bearing homozygous deletions of exon 11 may be due to expression of Brca1-Δ11 and suggest an explanation for the genomic instability that accompanies the loss of full-length Brca1.