Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current concepts of photosensitivity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) represents a complex autoimmune disease with a broad phenotypic spectrum ranging from acute to chronic destructive cutaneous lesions. Patients with CLE exhibit high photosensitivity and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can lead to systemic flares in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the exact mechanisms how UV irradiation enhances cutaneous inflammation in lupus are not fully understood. Recently, new molecular mechanisms of UV-driven immune responses in CLE were identified, offering potential therapeutic approaches. Especially the induction of type I interferons, central cytokines in lupus pathogenesis which are released by various skin cells, have become the focus of current research. In this review, we describe current pathogenic concepts of photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus, including UV-driven activation of intracellular nucleic acid sensors, cellular cytokine production and immune cell activation. Furthermore, we discuss activated pathways contributing to enhanced apoptosis as well as intracellular translocation of autoantigens thereby promoting CLE upon UV light exposure.
Using A Path Matching Algorithm to Detect Inter-Component Leaks in Android Apps

Android has become the most popular mobile phone operating system over the last three years. There are thousands of applications emerging every day. As of May 2013, 48 billion apps have been installed from the Google Play store, and as of September 3, 2013, 1 billion Android devices have been activated1. Meanwhile, the Android operating system also becomes a worthwhile target for security and privacy attacks. A major problem in Android is private data leaks. A lot of data leaks have been reported these years, such as passive content leaks [? ] which cause affected applications to passively disclose in-application data and capability leaks which analyze the reachability of a dangerous permission from a public and unguarded interface.
Contributions to Distributed Detection and Estimation over Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks have matured over the last several years from popular research and development platforms to commercially-available sensors and systems. In many applications, wireless sensor networks have size, weight, power, and cost limitations. These constraints directly affect the ability of sensor nodes to adequately process and reliably communicate information within the sensor network. This dissertation examines aspects of distributed detection and estimation over a sensor network while considering limitations inherent in wireless networks. First, we consider the problem of distributed detection from a large network of sensors and introduce a realistic network model. Sensor nodes make individual decisions from their local observation and then communicate these decisions through a shared and imperfect communications channel to a central decision node. The key difference from previous research is the network model allows the decision rule to leverage errors in the channel to improve detection performance. We derive analytical expressions that characterize the detection performance of the system with respect to both sensor density and communications delay. We show that the detection performance improves with network density when sensor nodes are appropriately censored and desensitized, despite increasing message collisions. In addition, we show that detection performance using the protocol model, with imperfect communications, rapidly converges to the perfect communications case as the number of communication slots increase.
OVERHEIDSTOEZICHT DOOR DE INSPECTIE VOOR DE GEZONDHEIDSZORG

textabstractHet rijksoverheidstoezicht door de Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg (IGZ) zoals we dat nu kennen heeft zijn wortels in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw. In deze bijdrage gaat het over het verleden en de toekomst van het overheidstoezicht door de IGZ als een van de actoren binnen de complexe sturingsrelaties in de gezondheidszorg. De sectorschets is geschreven in opdracht van de Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid (WRR). Tijdens het schrijfproces heeft de WRR een expertbijeenkomst georganiseerd met de auteurs en deskundigen uit het toezicht, de zorg en de wetenschap. De tijdens deze bijeenkomst gemaakte opmerkingen zijn verwerkt in de tekst. De auteurs zijn verantwoordelijk voor de inhoud van de sectorschets.
Eye gaze tracking using correlation filters

In this paper, we studied a method for eye gaze tracking that provide gaze estimation from a standard webcam with a zoom lens and reduce the setup and calibration requirements for new users. Specifically, we have developed a gaze estimation method based on the relative locations of points on the top of the eyelid and eye corners. Gaze estimation method in this paper is based on the distances between top point of the eyelid and eye corner detected by the correlation filters. Advanced correlation filters were found to provide facial landmark detections that are accurate enough to determine the subjects gaze direction up to angle of approximately 4-5 degrees although calibration errors often produce a larger overall shift in the estimates. This is approximately a circle of diameter 2 inches for a screen that is arm’s length from the subject. At this accuracy it is possible to figure out what regions of text or images the subject is looking but it falls short of being able to determine which word the subject has looked at.
Developing Awareness of Cross-Cultural Communication.

ABSTRACT The relationship between language and culture is examined briefly, and instructional approaches to developing cultural awareness in language students, particularly Chinese students of English as a Second Language (ESL), are discussed. It is noted that effective cross-cultural communication requires an understanding of culture's role in governing appropriate language use, and that cultural errors can have more serious results than linguistic ones. Cultural knowledge affects listening comprehension, oral prodUction, reading, and the accuracy of translation. Major causes of cultural errors are inadequate knowledge of and insufficient exposure to the target culture, and lack of comparative studies of cultures, and cultural awareness must be made a goal of the language curriculum and testing. While traditional second language instructional materials focused on grammar and other linguistic elements, a more culture-based approach to their construction is needed, particularly one reflecting contemporary social and language changes and social language usage. Teachers can promote cultural awareness through cultural comparison, explanation of cultural context for language use, incorporation of cultural topics, visual aids, and use of cultural readings. Teacher familiarity with the target culture is also recommended. (MSE)
Hybrid Model for Load Balancing and Server Consolidation in Cloud

One of the most pressing and critical issues in cloud is Power Optimization. Due to the popularity of cloud, many computing applications are being hosted in the cloud. Naturally, many Cloud Centers (CCs) are experiencing huge power consumption problem, which leads to higher operational cost and environmental hazards due to carbon emissions. The two important concepts used to achieve power optimization are: load balancing and server consolidation. The first concept aims to achieve fair distribution of computing load on different Physical Machine (PM); whereas, the second concept aims to shutdown PMs, which are having limited computational load. One of the most popular techniques to achieve load balancing and server consolidation is Virtual Machine (VM) migration technique; where, the VMs are packed inside limited PMs; such that, load is fairly balanced among PMs, and limited usage PMs are relieved of their computational load and can be shutdown. However, VM migration requires excessive cost, and results in excessive computed task wastage. Hence, in this work, a new hybrid scheme which does not migrate VMs, and migrates only suitable tasks from overloaded VMs and lightly loaded PMs is presented. The proposed hybrid model is compared against contemporary VM migration technique to assess resource usage merits. The proposed hybrid model significantly outperforms the contemporary VM migration techniques in resource usage efficiency.
Fruit and vegetable consumption of 10-11-year-old children in a region of Scotland

The fruit and vegetable consumption of nearly 2000 10-11-year-old children in Tayside, Scotland was assessed using a simplified food- frequency questionnaire. Only a quarter of children ate fruit and veget ables three or more times a day. Although overall fruit and vegetable consumption (mean 2.3 portions/day, excluding potatoes) was similar across different groups of the children, it was found that girls rather than boys, those from schools in an owner-occupied as opposed to a local authority housing scheme catchment, and those in a rural area rather than an urban area had a higher percentage of frequent green-vegetable-eaters, and a lower consumption of chips and baked beans.
SLI or 'slow' to develop English additional language (EAL) learners - how do we know? : an in depth investigation of English additional language learners in the foundation phase with suspected specific language impairment.

Background: This study formed part of a larger longitudinal research study by Jordaan (2009), who tracked the development of language for academic purposes in grade 13 English Additional Language (EAL) and English First Language (EFL) learners attending English only programmes in Gauteng over a period of three years. These learners attended schools in two different educational contexts where there is a marked heterogeneity in the linguistic backgrounds of both the learners and teachers investigated. Results from Jordaan‟s (2009) study revealed that some EAL and EFL learners appeared to be slow in the development of their academic language abilities (as no progress was evident over the period of three years), relative to their peers, and thus these learners may have a language impairment. Purpose: This study investigated in detail, these “slow to learn” EAL and EFL learners in the foundation phase, in order to determine whether they have a language impairment and to determine how the language impairment manifests in these learners. Participants: Sixteen learners (5 EFL learners and 16 EAL learners) who demonstrated no improvement in their academic language abilities from grade one to grade two as determined by their performance on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation Criterion Referenced (DELV-CR) test were the participants of this study. Method: The participants were assessed on the Automated Working Memory Assessment (AWMA) test, a Non Word Repetition test (Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998), a Sentence Repetition test (Redmond, 2005) and the Gray Oral Reading Test (GORT-4). Educators were also asked to rate these learners‟ oral language, written language and reading comprehension abilities on a scale of 05. The research design utilized was a non experimental, descriptive quantitative design, involving both correlational and comparative components. The data obtained was then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to establish whether there was a relationship between the cognitive processing and the language proficiency measures as well as the teacher ratings in order to provide information regarding these tests as assessment tools for EAL learners as well as to further enhance the validity of this study. Independent sample t-tests were also conducted to determine whether there were any significant differences between the EFL and EAL learners‟ performance in the two different educational contexts, so as to establish whether bilingual learners with
Should Firms Keep a Balance between State and Foreign Ownership? A Perspective on Financial Constraints and Investments in Vietnam

State and foreign ownership are increasing their role in financial management and performance of Vietnamese enterprises in the context of global and regional economic integration. Meanwhile, financial constraints and investments are two essential elements affecting corporate financial success. This study investigates the influences of governmental and foreign ownership on financial constraints and investment decisions of enterprises in Vietnam. Using regression models for panel data of 657 non-financial firms listed in Vietnam stock market, the study reveals that Vietnam listed firms with higher rates of state-owned shares exhibit higher levels of financial constraints. State ownership also restricts firms’ investments. On the other hand, foreign ownership helps to reduce the investment – cash flow sensitivity and enhances the firms’ investment levels. As a result, the study recommends that Vietnamese firms should try to eliminate the role and percentage of state ownership as well as attract more foreign investors to enhance the financial barrier and increase more promising investment opportunities to boost the firms’ financial outcomes.
Real-Time Collision Detection

Written by an expert in the game industry, Christer Ericson's new book is a comprehensive guide to the components of efficient real-time collision detection systems. The book provides the tools and know-how needed to implement industrial-strength collision detection for the highly detailed dynamic environments of applications such as 3D games, virtual reality applications, and physical simulators.Of the many topics covered, a key focus is on spatial and object partitioning through a wide variety of grids, trees, and sorting methods. The author also presents a large collection of intersection and distance tests for both simple and complex geometric shapes. Sections on vector and matrix algebra provide the background for advanced topics such as Voronoi regions, Minkowski sums, and linear and quadratic programming.Of utmost importance to programmers but rarely discussed in this much detail in other books are the chapters covering numerical and geometric robustness, both essential topics for collision detection systems. Also unique are the chapters discussing how graphics hardware can assist in collision detection computations and on advanced optimization for modern computer architectures. All in all, this comprehensive book will become the industry standard for years to come.
Experiences of the GPU Thread Configuration and Shared Memory

Nowadays, GPU processors are widely used for general-purpose parallel computation applications. In the GPU programming, thread and block configuration is one of the most important decisions to be made, which increases parallelism and hides instruction latency. However, in many cases, it is often difficult to have sufficient parallelism to hide all the latencies, where the high latencies are often caused by the global memory accesses. In order to reduce the number of those accesses, the shared memory is instead used which is much faster than the global memory being located on a chip. The performance of the proposed thread configuration is evaluated on the GPU 960 processor. The experimental result shows that the best configuration improves the performance by 7.3 times compared to the worst configuration in the experiment. The experiences are also discussed for the shared memory performance when compared to that of the global memory.
Metals in the environment as risk factors for infectious diseases: gaps and opportunities

Many parts of the world in which common infectious diseases are endemic also have the highest prevalence of trace metal deficiencies or rising rates of trace metal pollution. Infectious diseases can increase human susceptibility to adverse effects of metal exposure (at suboptimal or toxic levels), and metal excess or deficiency can increase the incidence or severity of infectious diseases. The co-clustering of major infectious diseases with trace metal deficiency or toxicity has created a complex web of interactions with serious but poorly understood health repercussions, yet has been largely overlooked in animal and human studies. This book focuses on the distribution, trafficking, fate, and effects of trace metals in biological systems. Its goal is to enhance our understanding of the relationships between homeostatic mechanisms of trace metals and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Drawing on expertise from a range of fields, the book offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge on vertebrate metal-withholding mechanisms and the strategies employed by different microbes to avoid starvation (or poisoning). Chapters summarize current, state-of-the-art techniques for investigating pathogen-metal interactions and highlight open question to guide future research. The book makes clear that improving knowledge in this area will be instrumental to the development of novel therapeutic measures against infectious diseases. ContributorsM. Leigh Ackland, Vahid Fa Andisi, Angele L. Arrieta, Michael A. Bachman, J. Sabine Becker, Robert E. Black, Julia Bornhorst, Sascha Brunke, Joseph A. Caruso, Jennifer S. Cavet, Anson C. K. Chan, Christopher H. Contag, Heran Darwin, George V. Dedoussis, Rodney R. Dietert, Victor J. DiRita, Carol A. Fierke, Tamara Garcia-Barrera, David P. Giedroc, Peter-Leon Hagedoorn, James A. Imlay, Marek J. Kobylarz, Joseph Lemire, Wenwen Liu, Slade A. Loutet, Wolfgang Maret, Andreas Matusch, Trevor F. Moraes, Michael E. P. Murphy, Maribel Navarro, Jerome O. Nriagu, Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens, Elisabeth G. Pacyna, Jozef M. Pacyna, Robert D. Perry, John M. Pettifor, Stephanie Pfaffen, Dieter Rehder, Lothar Rink, Anthony B. Schryvers, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Eric P. Skaar, Miguel C. P. Soares, Kyrre Sundseth, Dennis J. Thiele, Richard B. Thompson, Meghan M. Verstraete, Gonzalo Visbal, Fudi Wang, Mian Wang, Thomas J. Webster, Jeffrey N. Weiser, Gunter Weiss, Inga Wessels, Bin Ye, Judith T. Zelikoff, Lihong Zhang
Vergleich zweier Lokalanästhesietechniken für die Laparotomie beim Rind

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Vergleich zweier Lokalanästhesietechniken zur Laparotomie in der Flanke beim Rind hinsichtlich Durchführbarkeit und Wirksamkeit. Material und Methodik: Bei je 50 Rinderpatienten wurde eine modifizierte Schnittlinien-Infiltration (MSI) oder eine proximale Paravertebralanästhesie (PPVA) mit 2%igem Procain durchgeführt. Indikationen waren Labmagen- und Blinddarmverlagerungen, Rumenotomien und diagnostische Laparotomien. Registriert wurden Durchführbarkeit der Anästhesietechnik, Reaktionen auf das Setzen der Lokalanästhesie und benötigte Menge des Lokalanästhetikums. Bei der Operation wurden die Reaktionen auf die Durchtrennung der einzelnen Schichten der Bauchwand, die Reaktionen während der Bauchhöhlenexploration sowie beim Verschluss der Bauchhöhle erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Durchführbarkeit der MSI wurde als schwieriger empfunden als die der PPVA (p = 0,13), obwohl die durchschnittlich benötigte Zeit (8 Minuten) nicht differierte. Im Mittel wurde für die PPVA signifikant weniger Procainlösung benötigt als für die MSI (144 vs. 195 ml). Beim Vergleich der Techniken hinsichtlich „keine Reaktion“, „unspezifische Reaktion“ und „spezifische Reaktion“ der Patienten ergab sich für die PPVA ein signifikant (p = 0,01) besseres Resultat, wenn alle Reaktionen auf die Eröffnung der Bauchhöhle aufsummiert wurden. Die PPVA erwies sich bei der Inzision des äußeren schiefen Bauchmuskels zwar als tendenziell schlechter, schnitt aber bei der Exploration der Bauchhöhle, bei der Naht des äußeren sowie des inneren schiefen Bauchmuskels signifikant (p < 0,05) besser ab als die MSI. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz: Beide Anästhesietechniken konnten die Schmerzreaktionen nur bei 49% der Tiere vollständig unterdrücken. Die Schmerzen waren unter PPVA zuverlässiger ausgeschaltet als unter MSI. Eine Nachdosierung von Lokalanästhetikum sollte bei beiden Techniken eingeplant werden. Für die PPVA sollte eine Kombination von Procain und Epinephrin Verwendung finden. Weiterhin erscheint eine leichte Sedation (Xylazin, 0,01 mg/kg KM i. v.) der Tiere angebracht. Potentere Lokalanästhetika als Procain 2%, beispielsweise Lidocain, sollten für die Laparotomie beim Rind zugelassen werden.
Awareness of antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance among interns in a tertiary care hospital

Antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world. New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Reducing the incidence of drug resistant infections is crucial and is a top priority of the World Health Organization (WHO), pharmaceutical industry, and many national health agendas. A major driver of drug resistance is antibiotic misuse, which is pervasive worldwide. Misuse contributes to the spread of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). Infections caused by MDROs result in longer hospital stays and increased morbidity and mortality. In India, MDROs are responsible for over 58,000 deaths each year in the neonate population alone.
Real Time PCR HBV-DNA Analysis in HBsAg Positive Patients

Introduction: The hepatitis B virus is a global public health concern and leading cause of chronic liver disease in Bangladesh. For the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of Hepatitis B virus infection, HBV-DNA detection and quantification is now extensively used worldwide. Objectives: The objective of this study was to detect HBV-DNA by real time PCR method in HBsAg positive patients, to compare the results of HBVDNA detection with HBeAg and Anti-HBe and to monitor the response after antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients and also to observe the intensity of hepatitis B infection in relation to age and sex. Methods: This was a cross sectional type of study conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment. In this study, 56 sera of HBsAg positive patients were selected who all were subjected to do HBV-DNA (real time PCR) analysis during the period of 29 July to 30 0ctober, 2013. Results: Out of 56 HBsAg positive patients, HBV-DNA was detected in 34 patients. Among these, 8 (23.5%) patients were HBeAg positive, 16 (47%) patients were anti-HBe positive and 10 (29.5%) were negative for both HBeAg and anti-HBe. Age limit of patients was up to 60 years. HBV-DNA positive patients showed male predominance; 26 (76.5%) patients were male and 8 (23.5%) patients were female. Mean age of the patients was 35±14 years. Among 56 HBsAg positive patients, fifteen were receiving antiviral therapy. Out of them, HBV-DNA was decreased among 4 patients and could not be detected among 11 patients. Conclusion: Real time PCR method of detection of HBV-DNA is very important in patients who are HBeAg negative and this method is also applied to monitor treatment response to antivirals and to detect occult HBV infections immune control phase and also to detect reactivation of HBV cases. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014