Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity of arthropod harbored Mitnan, Thymelaea hirsute, shrub under rain-fed conditions of Habbes valley, Matrouh, Egypt

Mitnan, Thymelaea hirsute (L.), is one of the abundantly distributed endemic shrubs in Matrouh's valleys. It acts as an alternative host for a vast range of arthropod species that may cause great damage for the economic cultivations. So the present work was carried out to study the arthropod diversity harbored Mitnan shrub. The collected species were belonging to 8 orders among which, order Hemiptera was the highest represented one, followed by Thysnoptera, Scorpions, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, respectively. While, orders Diptera, Collembola and Coleoptera showed the lowest representation. Scouting process using the direct count method showed the surpassing of both species and individuals of the order Hemiptera with higher representation of herbivorous individuals than beneficial ones. Among arthropod species that recovered by sweeping net method, Hymenopterous ones came on the top of the list, whereas swept individuals showed that, dipterous species that belonged to family Cecidomyiidae came firstly by 6 total collected individuals. During the context of this study, the olive scale insect; Parlatoria oleae (Colvee) was recorded for the first time on Mitnan. Calculated diversity indices exhibited that, arthropod community harbored Mitnan shrub had high species richness (14), but as it was dominated by 3 species so that the diversity of this community is moderate.
Clinal Variation of Body Size in Dichroplus pratensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Inversion of Bergmann’s and Rensch’s Rules

Abstract We studied geographical body size variation in 23 populations and sexual size dimorphism in 19 populations of the grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner in Argentina, spanning 22° of latitude and between sea level and >2,474-m altitude. Six characters were measured in 609 individuals (334 males and 275 females): total body, femur 3, tibia 3, tegmina and pronotum lengths, and pronotum height. Significant negative correlations between all six characters and latitude occurred. Correlations with altitude were weaker, although individuals at higher altitudes tended to be smaller, except at high latitudes. Extreme latitudes and altitudes correspond to the geographical and ecological margins of the species distribution and share comparable strenuous environmental conditions. Thus, this species follows the converse to Bergmann’s rule, that is, individuals tend to be smaller as the environment becomes cooler (when latitude or altitude are used as a proxy for temperature). When the six morphological characters where analyzed in both sexes with respect to mean January and July temperatures at each locality, positive (although not significant) correlations were obtained in all cases. Sexual dimorphism occurred throughout the geographic range involving not only differences in body size but also in body proportions, which can be explained through differential allometric growth and shorter developmental time in males (the species exhibits protandry). The latter can also explain the inversion of Rensch’s rule that occurs in D. pratensis: sexual size dimorphism decreases as general body size increases.
induced pluripotent stem cells Emerging potential of transposons for gene therapy and generation of

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Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production in Sheep Fed a Total Mixed Ration Containing Coffee Residue

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effect of coffee residue (CR) as a replacement of kleingrass hay in total mixed ration (TMR) on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane production in sheep. Four wethers with initial body weight (46 ± 7.2 kg) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The wethers were allotted to one of four TMR at 55 g dry matter (DM)/kg body weight -0.75/day. Four TMR used in this experiment were (CTL) Kleingrass hay + wheat + oat (50 : 25 : 25, on DM basis ) as control; (LCR) : Kleingrass hay + wheat + oat + CR treated Bio-PKC (45 : 25 : 25 : 5, on DM basis); (MCR) Kleingrass hay + wheat + oat + CR treated with Bio-PKC (40 : 25 : 25 : 10, on DM basis); (HCR) Kleingrass hay + wheat + oat + CR treated with Bio-PKC (30 : 25 : 25 : 20, on DM basis ). Bio-PKC was applied at level of 2% (w/w). The result showed that rumen pH value was maintained from 6.05 to 6.25. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in rumen pH value by inclusion of coffee residue into TMR. The NH3-N concentration and protozoa number were similar (P>0.05) among treatments. There was no difference in methane production among treatments when expressed as l/kg DMI and l/day/BW-0.75. The study suggests that forage can be replaced by coffee residue treated with BIO-PKC up to 20% of the diet DM in ruminant feed.
Targeting the TCR signaling checkpoint: a therapeutic strategy to reactivate memory T cells in the tumor microenvironment

Background: One of the major conundrums in cancer immunotherapy is why human tumors are not rejected, and progress despite the presence of inflammatory leukocytes in the tumor microenvironment. While studies addressing the mechanisms responsible for the failure of immunocompetent cells to control tumor progression have shed considerable light upon this issue, not enough is known about the mechanisms contributing to the regulation of tumor-associated T cells in the microenvironment of human tumors. Objective: A persistent and robust response is likely to be required for the complete eradication of tumors. Such a durable immune response will require the development and persistence of functional tumor-reactive memory T cells. Methods: Various studies have investigated the mechanisms of suppression in the tumor microenvironment. However, very few studies have investigated the hyporesponsiveness of tumor-associated T cells at the molecular level. This review focuses on the hyporesponsiveness of tumor-associated T cells and how this relates to the T cell receptor signaling cascade. Results/conclusions: We postulate that this hyporesponsiveness results from a normal regulatory mechanism or TCR signaling checkpoint that is initiated by the persistence of antigen. If the TCR checkpoint is defined, it will be possible to design therapeutic strategies that reverse the TCR arrest. Essentially, this will reactivate the T cells in situ, leading to the killing and lysis of tumors locally, the release of tumor antigens and the generation of a systemic antitumor immunity.
Analysis of a Blainville's beaked whale's movement response to playback of killer whale vocalizations

Increasing evidence links exposure to Navy sonar with certain mass stranding events of deep diving beaked whales. Although the cause of these strandings is unknown, one theory suggests that the animals confuse the sonar signals with vocalizations of killer whales, a known predator. Here we analyze the movement patterns of a tagged female Blainville's beaked whale in reaction to playback of killer whale predation calls. During a deep foraging dive, the whale was exposed to a playback of killer whale vocalizations with the source level slowly increased until the whale prematurely ceased foraging. The heading data from the tag were analyzed using a rotation test with a likelihood ratio calculated for a nonparametric kernel density estimate. We found a significant difference (P < 0.005) in the distribution of Δheading (the change in heading averaged over 200 s) after the cessation of the killer whale playback. A test of the angular standard deviation (SD) of the Δheading showed that after the playback, the SD was significantly reduced (P = 0.0064), which indicates that the animal maintained a straighter than normal course for an extended period of time. The prolonged directed avoidance response observed here suggests a behavioral reaction that could pose a risk factor for stranding.
The Complete Genome Sequence of the Marine, Chemolithoautotrophic, Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrosococcus oceani ATCC19707

The Gammaproteobacterium, Nitrosococcus oceani (ATCC 19707), is a Gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph capable of extracting energy and reducing power from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Sequencing and annotation of the genome revealed a single circular chromosome (3,481,691 bp; 50.4% G+C) and a plasmid (40,420 bp) that contain 3052 and 41 candidate protein-encoding genes, respectively. The genes encoding proteins necessary for the function of known modes of lithotrophy and autotrophy were identified. In contrast to betaproteobacterial nitrifier genomes, the N. oceani genome contained two complete rrn operons. In contrast, only one copy of the genes needed to synthesize functional ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, as well as the proteins that relay the extracted electrons to a terminal electron acceptor were identified. The N. oceani genome contained genes for 13 complete two-component systems. The genome also contained all the genes needed to reconstruct complete central pathways, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnass and pentose phosphate pathways. The N. oceani genome contains the genes required to store and utilize energy from glycogen inclusion bodies and sucrose. Polyphosphate and pyrophosphate appear to be integrated in this bacterium's energy metabolism, stress tolerance and the ability to assimilate carbon via gluconeogenesis. One set of genesmore » for type I RuBisCO was identified, while genes necessary for methanotrophy and for carboxysome formation were not identified. The N. oceani genome contains two copies each of the genes or operons necessary to assemble functional complexes I and IV as well as ATP synthase (one H{sup +}-dependent F{sub 0}F{sub 1}-type, one Na{sup +}-dependent V-type). « less
Chromium as an Environmental Pollutant: Insights on Induced Plant Toxicity

In the past decades the increased use of chromium (Cr) in several anthropogenic activities and consequent contamination of soil and water have become an increasing concern. Cr exists in several oxidation states but the most stable and common forms are Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species. Cr toxicity in plants depends on its valence state. Cr(VI) as being highly mobile is toxic, while Cr(III) as less mobile is less toxic. Cr is taken up by plants through carriers of essential ions such as sulphate. Cr uptake, translocation, and accumulation depend on its speciation, which also conditions its toxicity to plants. Symptoms of Cr toxicity in plants are diverse and include decrease of seed germination, reduction of growth, decrease of yield, inhibition of enzymatic activities, impairment of photosynthesis, nutrient and oxidative imbalances, and mutagenesis.
DIFFUSION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGUS HIRSUTELLA RHOSSILIENSIS IN CONTROL OF THE CYST NEMATODE HETERODERA DAVERTI UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

An epidemiological survey on 176 soil samples, collected from carnation fields in the Vesuvius area (Naples, Italy) revealed, in more than 90% of samples, the occurrence of second stage juveniles of the cyst nematode Heterodera daverti parasitized by the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis. The diffusion of the fungus over the area of cultivation of carnation could account for the substantial decrease in severity of nematode attacks, which were observed over the last five years. The influence of various factors on H. rhossiliensis-mediated suppressiveness in soils subjected to repeated treatments with fumigants is discussed.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BACILLARIOPHYCEAE AS INDICATORS OF TROPHIC STATUS IN THE TROPICAL RESERVOIR OF JEBEL EL AULIA, SUDAN

The physicochemical characteristics and Bacillariophyceae population of Jebel Aulia Reservoir were studied from January 2003 to January 2004. During the limnological investigation water temperature ranged between 19.7 o C to 30 o C , water transparency varied between 0 to cm 268.5cm and water discharge varied between 6 X10 3 M 3 and 96 X10 3 M 3 . The hydrogen –ion concentration (pH) was found to be in the alkaline range >7.2, phosphate varied between 280 μgl-1 to 420 μgl -1 , nitrate was in the range of 600 μgl-1 to 15002 μgl-1 and dissolved oxygen varied between 7mg/L and 11 mg/L and N:P ratio varied between 2:1 to 43:1. The Bacillariophyceae community of Jebel El Aulia Reservoir comprised 12 Genera dominated by the Genus Melosira that made up 66.70% by proportion ;Navicula comprised 22.72% and Gomphonema that made up 7.95% of the total Bacillariophyte abundance. The rest of the nine General ( Flagilaria, Mastigloia, Cytmatopleura, Amphora, Gytosigma, Pinnularia, Cymbella, Diatoma, Nitzschina and Gomphonema ) indicated a very low abundance % (less than 1% Cell/L). The study concluded that the water quality of Jebel El Aulia Reservoir might have deteriorated and the Reservoir can be classified as eutrophic or hypereutrophic.
Effect of grazing and nutrient supply on periphyton biomass and nutrient stoichiometry in habitats of different productivity

The impact of grazing and nutrient supply on epilithic periphyton was investigated in factorial field experiments in four seasons at three Swedish sites of different productivity and herbivore composition (Lake Limmaren, Lake Erken, and Väddö, a low salinity coastal site). Nutrient supply was enhanced by a granulose fertilizer containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and grazer density was manipulated by exclusion cages. Algal biomass was increased by nutrient enrichment and reduced by grazer presence, but effects were highly variable between sites and seasons. Generally, grazers had stronger effects on algal biomass than nutrient enrichment, but there was no overriding effect of either grazing or nutrients. This indicated a simultaneous top‐down and bottom‐up control of algal biomass. Taxonomic composition of the periphyton was more affected by grazer presence than by nutrients. Internal nutrient ratios of the algae indicated N limitation at two of the sites. At all sites, the content of N and P in the periphytic assemblage was enhanced by the experimental nutrient enrichment, resulting in decreased C:N and C: P ratios. The presence of herbivores also increased periphytic nutrient content (decreased N: P and C: P ratios) in some experiments, suggesting an increase in algal P due to excretion. The effect strength of grazers and nutrients on periphyton was affected by different abiotic characteristics such as light availability, nutrient concentrations, and temperature. However, single environmental characteristics were not sufficient to explain the relative importance of grazing and nutrients.
On the identity of turmeric: the typification of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)

Although Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) is a conserved name, with C. longa L. as its conserved type, the type of C. longa is still uncertain. Numerous discussions about the identity of the taxon called C. longa by Linnaeus have been followed by various attempts to rename turmeric, suggestions as how to settle the type and proposals to conserve the name from a later author in order to stabilize the situation. Unfortunately, none of the previous proposals can be upheld for reasons which are discussed in this article. A lectotype is selected from extant material examined by Linnaeus and an epitype collected near the type locality is designated here. The identity of C. longa is discussed and a colour plate of the species is included. Synonyms of C. longa and their types are discussed and notes on the variability of C. longa are provided. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157, 37–46.
Seasonal Discrepancy in Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties from Bark of Nothapodytes Nimmoniana (Grah.) Mabb.

Seasonal discrepancy in the antioxidant potential from bark of Nothapodytes nimmoniana was evaluated using two different methods (DPPH and FRAP) and were related to total phenolic content as well as flavonoid content. Higher yield of phenolic and flavonoid were observed during summer (May) similarly, the antioxidant activities (DPPH & FRAP) also were high. The antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with total phenolics (DPPH, FRAP) in all seasons, the maximum being during the summer (May) and minimum during monsoon (August). Total phenolic content showed highest correlation with DPPH and FRAP antioxidant assays during the month of winter (December). A specific pattern of increase from August-December-May was observed in phenolic content and antioxidant activities (FRAP and DPPH) tested for respective standards.
Tissue pressures and fluid dynamics in the kidney.

: The kidney has several characteristics which make renal pressures and fluid dynamics unique when compared to other organs. Renal blood flow is roughly 100 times that of skeletal muscle. The renal circulation consists of two distinct capillary beds in series: a high pressure system in the glomerulus that favors filtration and a low pressure system in the peritubule network that favors reabsorption. The hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary is 4-6 times higher than the hydrostatic pressure in the peritubule capillary so that approximately 25% of the plasma is filtered. The bulk of the filtrate is subsequently reabsorbed by the peritubule capillary network. Micropuncture techniques have been used to obtain quantitative measurements of the pressures and fluid dynamics of the peritubule microcirculation. The net force for uptake of all the fluid reabsorbed by a single proximal tubule up to the point of micropuncture is 21 mm Hg acting over a capillary bed with a permeability surface area product of 2 nl/min per mm Hg. In contrast to subcutaneous tissue and muscle, the renal interstitial fluid pressure is positive. The consequence of a positive interstitial fluid pressure is that normal lymph flow is relatively high and changes in interstitial fluid pressure have relatively little effects on lymph flow.
Effects of combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and microbial phytase on the serum concentration and digestibility of some minerals in broiler chicks

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and microbial phytase (MP) on the serum concentration and digestibility of some minerals in broiler chicks. This experiment was conducted using 360 Ross-308 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with a 3×2 factorial arrangement (0, 0.1 and 0.2% EDTA and 0 and 500 FTU MP). Four replicates of 15 chicks per each were fed dietary treatments which included; P-deficient basal diet [0.2% available phosphorus (aP)] (NC), NC + 500 FTU MP per kilogram of diet, NC + 0.1% EDTA per kilogram of diet, NC + 0.1% EDTA + 500 FTU MP per kilogram of diet, NC + 0.2% EDTA per kilogram and NC + 0.2% EDTA + 500 FTU MP per kilogram of diet. The concentration of zinc, copper and manganese of serum and their digestibility and also digestibility of apparent metabolizable energy (AME n ) was evaluated. The results showed that phytase supplementation of P-deficient diets significantly increased zinc concentration of serum (P < 0.05). Interaction effect of EDTA+MP on serum concentration of copper and manganese and also digestibility of zinc was significant (P < 0.05). EDTA supplementation of P-deficient diets significantly increased manganese digestibility in broiler chicks (P < 0.01). Keywords: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, microbial phytase, zinc, copper, manganese
Characterization of the IEll0 Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

SUMMARY We have determined the DNA sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene encoding the immediate early protein IE 110, which is involved in transcriptional activation of later virus genes. The locations of the 5' and 3' termini of IE110 mRNA, together with the positions of two introns, were identified. Examination of the DNA sequence suggested that translation starts at the first ATG after the 5' terminus of the mRNA, and that both introns occur in protein-coding sequence. The predicted IE110 polypeptide contains 775 amino acids, and has a molecular weight of 78 452. It contains a cysteine-rich region resembling regions found in several proteins which interact functionally with DNA. An antiserum was raised to the predicted C terminal amino acid sequence of the IEll0 polypeptide and was shown to immunoprecipitate the native protein from HSV-1-infected cell extracts. The functional importance of regions of the protein was evaluated by construction of frameshift and deletion mutants of a plasmid-borne IE110 gene. The mutants were tested for IE110 function by short-term transfection assays, and the results were correlated with the DNA sequence and RNA mapping studies.
Fate of photosynthetic fixed carbon in light- and shade-adapted colonies of the symbiotic coral Stylophora pistillata

The total daily flux of photosynthetically fixed carbon in light- and shade-adapted phenotypes of the symbiotic coral, Stylophora pistillata, was quantified. Light adapted corals fixed four times as much carbon and respired twice as much as shade corals. Specific growth rates of zooxanthellae in situ were estimated from average daily mitotic indices and from ammonium uptake rates (nitrate uptake or nitrate reductase activity could not be demonstrated). Specific growth rates were very low, demonstrating that of the total net carbon fixed daily, only a small fraction (less than 5 %) goes into zooxanthellae cell growth. The balance of the net fixed carbon (more than 95 %) is translocated to the host. New and conventional methods of measuring total daily translocation were compared. The ‘growth rate’ method, which does not employ 14C, emerged as superior to the conventional in vitro and in vivo methods. The contribution of translocated carbon to animal maintenance respiration (czar) was 143 % in light corals and 58 % in shade corals. Thus, translocation in the former could supply not only the total daily carbon needed for respiration but also a fraction of the carbon needed for growth. Whereas light-adapted corals released only 6%, shade-adapted corals released almost half of their total fixed carbon as dissolved or particulate organic material. This much higher throughput of organic carbon may possibly benefit the heterotrophic microbial community in shade environments.
Pharmacological studies of Stem Bark Extracts of Zanthoxylum tetraspermum Wight and Arn

Present study was undertaken to examine anti inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Zanthoxylum tetraspermum Wight and Arn. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts shows significant anti inflammatory (Carrageenan induced pawn oedema model), analgesic (Hot plate and acetic acid induced model) and wound healing (Excision wound model) activity when compared to the standard like Indomethacin (10mg/kg p.o). Pentazocine, (30mg/kg, i.p.) Indomethacin (5mg/kg), metrozyl gel. respectively. Ethanolic extract shows more significant activities when compared to aqueous extract of bark of Zanthoxylum tetraspermum Wight and Arn at different dose level.