Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving text classification with word embedding

One challenge in text classification is that it is difficult to make feature reductions based on the definition of the features. An ineffective feature reduction may even worsen the classification accuracy. Word2Vec, a word embedding method, has recently been gaining popularity due to its high precision rate of analyzing the semantic similarity between words at relatively low computational cost. However, there is limited research about feature reduction using Word2Vec. In this project, we developed a method using Word2Vec to reduce the feature size while increasing the classification accuracy. We achieved feature reduction by loosely clustering similar features using graph search techniques. Similarity thresholds above 0.5 were used in our method to pair and cluster the features. Finally, we utilized Multinomial Naïve Bayes classifier, Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor and Random Forest classifier to evaluate the effect of our method. Four datasets with dimensions up to 100,000 feature size and 400,000 document size were used to evaluate the result of our method. The result showed that around 4–10% feature reduction was achieved with up to 1–4% improvement of classification accuracy in terms of different datasets and classifiers. Meanwhile, we also succeeded in improving feature reduction and classification accuracy by combining our method with other classic feature reduction techniques such as chi-square and mutual information.
Literature-based evaluation of the potential risks associated with impregnation of medical devices and implants with triclosan.

BACKGROUND This report is a review of the published literature for studies of triclosan that address mechanism of action, efficacy on skin and in the oral cavity, and the potential for development of resistance. METHODS Triclosan citations from the past three decades were searched using Medline and other search engines. The techniques used in these studies included in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity, molecular genetics, and enzyme and membrane biochemistry. Oral cavity efficacy and resistance studies were conducted in human volunteers in trials lasting up to 7 months. Efficacy on skin was reported in clinical trials lasting up to 12 months. RESULTS The minimal inhibitory concentration of triclosan against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is reported to be 0.1 and 5.0 microg/mL, respectively. Triclosan acts by blocking enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase, an enzyme essential for fatty acid biosynthesis. Its biocidal activity involves a plethora of nonspecific perturbations of cellular structural elements, including the cell membrane. In the oral cavity, triclosan use was associated with significant reductions in recoverable flora; there was no evidence of resistance or emergence of opportunistic pathogens. On skin, in a neonatal intensive care unit, triclosan use was associated with a significant reduction in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections, a diminished need for antibiotics, and a decreased incidence of nosocomial infections. CONCLUSION There is currently no evidence that long-term application of triclosan products to the skin or oral cavity selects for triclosan-resistant populations. Given the short-term nature of suture use, it is highly unlikely that such use would do other than reduce the risks of postoperative infection.
Predictors of tuberculin reactivity among prospective Vietnamese migrants: the effect of smoking

We investigated the prevalence and predictors of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results among prospective Vietnamese migrants. We interviewed and medically screened 1395 Vietnamese people aged over 15 years who had applied to migrate to Australia. Approximately 44% of applicants had an induration of 10 mm or more, and 18·6% had an induration of 15 mm or more. A positive tuberculin skin test at 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm of induration cut-points was significantly associated with age (OR 1·01–1·02 per year) and duration of smoking (OR 1·03–1·12 per year). Smoking appears to be an important factor associated with increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. It is not yet clear whether the increased tuberculin reactivity associated with smoking reflects an increased risk of tuberculosis among these migrants.
Cerebral embolization during cardiac surgery: impact of aortic atheroma burden.

BACKGROUND Aortic atheromatous disease is known to be associated with an increased risk of perioperative stroke in the setting of cardiac surgery. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship between cerebral microemboli and aortic atheroma burden in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS Transoesophageal echocardiographic images of the ascending, arch and descending aorta were evaluated in 128 patients to determine the aortic atheroma burden. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) of the right middle cerebral artery was performed in order to measure cerebral embolic load during surgery. Using multivariate linear regression, the numbers of emboli were compared with the atheroma burden. RESULTS After controlling for age, cardiopulmonary bypass time and the number of bypass grafts, cerebral emboli were significantly associated with atheroma in the ascending aorta (R2=0.11, P=0.02) and aortic arch (P=0.013). However, there was no association between emboli and descending aortic atheroma burden (R2=0.05, P=0.20). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a positive relationship between TCD-detected cerebral emboli and the atheromatous burden of the ascending aorta and aortic arch. Previously demonstrated associations between TCD-detectable cerebral emboli and adverse cerebral outcome may be related to the presence of significant aortic atheromatous disease.
A Bub2p‐dependent spindle checkpoint pathway regulates the Dbf2p kinase in budding yeast

Exit from mitosis in all eukaroytes requires inactivation of the mitotic kinase. This occurs principally by ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis of the cyclin subunit controlled by the anaphase‐promoting complex (APC). However, an abnormal spindle and/or unattached kinetochores activates a conserved spindle checkpoint that blocks APC function. This leads to high mitotic kinase activity and prevents mitotic exit. DBF2 belongs to a group of budding yeast cell cycle genes that when mutated prevent cyclin degradation and block exit from mitosis. DBF2 encodes a protein kinase which is cell cycle regulated, peaking in metaphase–anaphase B/telophase, but its function remains unknown. Here, we show the Dbf2p kinase activity to be a target of the spindle checkpoint. It is controlled specifically by Bub2p, one of the checkpoint components that is conserved in fission yeast and higher eukaroytic cells. Significantly, in budding yeast, Bub2p shows few genetic or biochemical interactions with other members of the spindle checkpoint. Our data now point to the protein kinase Mps1p triggering a new parallel branch of the spindle checkpoint in which Bub2p blocks Dbf2p function.
Early Start of Chemotherapy after Resection of Primary Colon Cancer with Synchronous Multiple Liver Metastases: A Case Report

The start of chemotherapy treatment usually requires a delay of about 4 weeks after surgical resection in patients with primary colorectal cancer and synchronous distant metastasis. However, there is no evidence to indicate the required length of this delay interval. In addition, there is a chance that a patient may die because postoperative chemotherapy was not started soon enough and a metastatic tumor was able to develop rapidly. Here, we present a case in which combination chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) was started within 1 week after a right hemicolectomy for synchronous multiple liver metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the start of chemotherapy, involving treatments such as folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX); folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI); and XELOX, within 1 week after a colorectal cancer operation with anastomosis. The findings suggest possible changes in the start time of chemotherapy after surgery in the future.
FGF‐21/FGF‐21 receptor interaction and activation is determined by βKlotho

Fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF‐21) is a metabolic regulator that can influence glucose and lipid control in diabetic rodents and primates. We demonstrate that βKlotho is an integral part of an activated FGF‐21‐βKlotho‐FGF receptor (FGFR) complex thus a critical subunit of the FGF‐21 receptor. Cells lacking βKlotho did not respond to FGF‐21; the introduction of βKlotho to these cells conferred FGF‐21‐responsiveness and recapitulated the entire scope of FGF‐21 signaling observed in naturally responsive cells. Interestingly, FGF‐21‐mediated effects are heparin independent suggesting that βKlotho plays a role in FGF‐21 activity similar to the one played by heparin in the signaling of conventional FGFs. Moreover, in addition to conferring specificity for FGF‐21, βKlotho appears to support FGF‐19 activity and mediates the receptor selectivity profile of FGF‐19. All together, these results indicate that βKlotho and FGFRs form the cognate FGF‐21 receptor complex, mediating FGF‐21 cellular specificity and physiological effects. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 1–7, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum mechanics near closed timelike lines.

The methods of the quantum theory of computation are used to analyze the physics of closed timelike lines. This is dominated, even at the macroscopic level, by quantum mechanics. In classical physics the existence of such lines in a spacetime imposes "paradoxical" constraints on the state of matter in their past and also provides means for knowledge to be created in ways that conflict with the principles of the philosophy of science. In quantum mechanics the first of these pathologies does not occur. The second is mitigated, and may be avoidable without such spacetimes being ruled out. Several novel and distinctive (but nonparadoxical) quantum-mechanical effects occur on and near closed timelike lines, including violations of the correspondence principle and of unitarity. It becomes possible to "clone" quantum systems and to measure the state of a quantum system. A new experimental test of the Everett interpretation against all others becomes possible. Consideration of these and other effects sheds light on the nature of quantum mechanics.
Resolving the Compartmentation and Function of C4 Photosynthesis in the Single-Cell C4 Species Bienertia sinuspersici1[OA]

Bienertia sinuspersici is a land plant known to perform C4 photosynthesis through the location of dimorphic chloroplasts in separate cytoplasmic domains within a single photosynthetic cell. A protocol was developed with isolated protoplasts to obtain peripheral chloroplasts (P-CP), a central compartment (CC), and chloroplasts from the CC (C-CP) to study the subcellular localization of photosynthetic functions. Analyses of these preparations established intracellular compartmentation of processes to support a NAD-malic enzyme (ME)-type C4 cycle. Western-blot analyses indicated that the CC has Rubisco from the C3 cycle, the C4 decarboxylase NAD-ME, a mitochondrial isoform of aspartate aminotransferase, and photorespiratory markers, while the C-CP and P-CP have high levels of Rubisco and pyruvate, Pidikinase, respectively. Other enzymes for supporting a NAD-ME cycle via an aspartate-alanine shuttle, carbonic anhydrase, phosophoenolpyruvate carboxylase, alanine, and an isoform of aspartate aminotransferase are localized in the cytosol. Functional characterization by photosynthetic oxygen evolution revealed that only the C-CP have a fully operational C3 cycle, while both chloroplast types have the capacity to photoreduce 3-phosphoglycerate. The P-CP were enriched in a putative pyruvate transporter and showed light-dependent conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. There is a larger investment in chloroplasts in the central domain than in the peripheral domain (6-fold more chloroplasts and 4-fold more chlorophyll). The implications of this uneven distribution for the energetics of the C4 and C3 cycles are discussed. The results indicate that peripheral and central compartment chloroplasts in the single-cell C4 species B. sinuspersici function analogous to mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of Kranz-type C4 species.
A Review of Feature Extraction in Sentiment Analysis

Abstract: Rapid increase in internet users along with growing power of online review sites and social media has given birth to Sentiment analysis or Opinion mining, which aims at determining what other people think and comment. Sentiments or Opinions contain public generated content about products, services, policies and politics. People are usually interested to seek positive and negative opinions containing likes and dislikes, shared by users for features of particular product or service. Therefore product features or aspects have got significant role in sentiment analysis. In addition to sufficient work being performed in text analytics, feature extraction in sentiment analysis is now becoming an active area of research. This review paper discusses existing techniques and approaches for feature extraction in sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In this review we have adopted a systematic literature review process to identify areas well focused by researchers, least addressed areas are also highlighted giving an opportunity to researchers for further work. We have also tried to identify most and least commonly used feature selection techniques to find research gaps for future work.
The effect of follicular antimullerian hormone levels of non-obese, non-hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome patients on assisted reproduction outcome

Our aim is to investigate the follicular fluid concentrations of antimullerian hormone and its effect on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome in non-obese, non-hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Subjects were categorized according to in vitro fertilization (IVF) indications: Group 1 PCOS (n:16), Group 2 male factor infertility (n:19) and Group 3 unexplained infertiliy patients (n:19). Follicular fluid antimullerian hormone levels (FF AMH) on the day of oocyte retrieval were analysed and ART outcome was studied. FF AMH levels in group 1, 2 and 3 were 35.70 ng/ml (median); 17.90 ng/ml (median); 17.90 ng/ml (median), respectively (p = 0.18). There were correlations between the FF AMH levels and follicle, oocyte, 2PN and embryo numbers in pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients (p = 0.012; 0.024; 0.027; 0.013 respectively). There were no correlations between the FF AMHand ART outcome parameters in group 2 and 3. FF AMH levels were not different between the groups who were pregnant or not (p = 0.06). In conclusion there were no significant differences in terms of FF AMH levels in the three groups. FF AMH levels can predict the recovery of oocytes but not oocyte quality, embryo quality or pregnancy in non-obese non-hyperandrogenemic PCOS patient.
Diversity in expression and prognostic significance of G1/S cyclins in human primary lung carcinomas

Expression of cyclin A, cyclin E and cdk2 was examined immunohistochemically in 144 cases of primary non‐small cell lung carcinoma to evaluate their prognostic value. Cyclin A was co‐expressed with cdk2 in the proliferating cells, ie those showing positive Ki‐67 staining. The labelling index (LI) of cyclin A revealed a positive correlation with the S‐phase fraction and an inverse correlation with histological differentiation. Furthermore, high cyclin A LIs indicated a poor prognosis in all histological types. Cyclin E exhibited a characteristic staining pattern: in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), differentiated cells without Ki‐67 staining revealed cyclin E positivity with expression of cdk2. Conversely, in adenocarcinoma (AC), proliferating cells revealed cyclin E positivity. Cases of large cell carcinoma showed heterogeneous cyclin E staining patterns, unlike those of SCC or AC. Statistical analyses also revealed a marked contrast between SCC and AC. In AC, the LI of cyclin E was inversely correlated with histological differentiation and a high LI predicted a worse prognosis. In contrast, in SCC, the LI of cyclin E correlated positively with histological differentiation and better prognosis. However, the expression levels of cyclin E mRNA evaluated by quantitative RT‐PCR were higher in poorly differentiated SCC and AC, suggesting that protein turnover plays a large role in determining cyclin E protein levels. Although the expression of cyclins was demonstrated to be diversely regulated depending on the histological type, the combined immunohistochemical analyses performed in this study on these proteins could be useful tools for evaluating patient prognosis in lung carcinomas. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of conversion from bedtime NPH insulin injection to once- or twice-daily injections of insulin glargine in type 1 diabetic patients using basal/bolus therapy.

The efficacy of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with either once- or twice-daily glargine insulin injection was evaluated in this long-term, prospective, nonrandomized study. Eighty-two type 1 diabetic patients were followed over 12–15 months after conversion from a single bedtime NPH insulin injection to a single bedtime insulin glargine injection. These patients were switched with the availability of glargine insulin to reduce frequency and severity of nocturnal hypoglycemia and to improve fasting glucose levels. This group of type 1 diabetic patients was switched to glargine insulin in place of twice-daily NPH. These patients continued their same bolus therapy with either insulin lispro or aspart and underwent frequent (three to five times daily) home glucose monitoring. This study showed the expected fewer nocturnal hypoglycemic events, but the primary outcome was an improvement in glycemic control based on the HbA1c values. …
(1–3)-β-D-glucan levels in candidiasis infections in the critically ill neonate

Introduction: The diagnosis of neonatal invasive Candida infections (ICIs) is problematic because the clinical signs are not specific and blood cultures are rarely positive. Hence, new diagnostic markers are needed. Objective: To assess the contribution of serum (1–3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) levels to the diagnosis of neonatal ICIs and to analyse the change in this parameter during antifungal therapy. Methods: This retrospective study (December 2010-March 2012) was performed at Amiens University Medical Center (Amiens, France). We included newborns in whom a BDG assay was performed for a suspected ICI and classified as infected (n = 18) or non-infected (n = 43). Results: Sixty-one patients (median (IQR) gestational age: 28.5 weeks (26.7–30.6); birth weight: 1000 g (910–1440)) were included. The BDG level was higher in the infected group (364 pg/ml (131–976) vs. 89 pg/ml (30–127); p < 0.001). The optimal BDG cut-off for distinguishing between non-infected and infected patients was 125 pg/ml (Se = 84%, Sp = 75%). The BDG level fell over the course of antifungal therapy. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that BDG levels were increased in neonatal invasive Candida infections (cut-off for BDG positivity > 125 pg/ml). The change in the serum BDG levels may be of value in evaluating the efficacy of antifungal therapy.
New insights into viral structure and virus–cell interactions through proteomics

Although genomics techniques such as DNA microarrays have been widely used in virology, much more limited use has been made of proteomics. Although difficult, proteomics can greatly contribute to an understanding of virus–cell interactions, including the ternary structure of viral receptors at the cell surface, post-translational modifications and isoforms of critical viral and cellular proteins and even to the structure of viruses. Proteomics techniques also offer the potential for discovering markers for diagnostic and prognostic tests of viral infections in vivo. This review describes the use of several proteomic approaches for the analysis of HIV–cellular receptor interactions, the molecular mechanisms of transport of herpes simplex virus within neurons, and the structure of the tegument of herpes simplex virus.
Robust control for spacecraft rendezvous system with thrust saturation

The paper designed a robust nonlinear continuous static gain scheduling controller for the spacecraft rendezvous system with thrust saturation and parametric uncertainties by combining the parametric Riccati equation and the existing gain scheduling technique. By introducing the design parameter, the dynamic performance of the closed-loop system can be improved. In order to apply the proposed method, only need to solve a scalar nonlinear equation. The simulation results show the high dynamic performance and robustness of the designed controller.
A portrait of a sucker using landscape genetics: how colonization and life history undermine the idealized dendritic metapopulation

Dendritic metapopulations have been attributed unique properties by in silico studies, including an elevated genetic diversity relative to a panmictic population of equal total size. These predictions have not been rigorously tested in nature, nor has there been full consideration of the interacting effects among contemporary landscape features, colonization history and life history traits of the target species. We tested for the effects of dendritic structure as well as the relative importance of life history, environmental barriers and historical colonization on the neutral genetic structure of a longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus) metapopulation in the Kogaluk watershed of northern Labrador, Canada. Samples were collected from eight lakes, genotyped with 17 microsatellites, and aged using opercula. Lakes varied in differentiation, historical and contemporary connectivity, and life history traits. Isolation by distance was detected only by removing two highly genetically differentiated lakes, suggesting a lack of migration–drift equilibrium and the lingering influence of historical factors on genetic structure. Bayesian analyses supported colonization via the Kogaluk's headwaters. The historical concentration of genetic diversity in headwaters inferred by this result was supported by high historical and contemporary effective sizes of the headwater lake, T‐Bone. Alternatively, reduced allelic richness in headwaters confirmed the dendritic structure's influence on gene flow, but this did not translate to an elevated metapopulation effective size. A lack of equilibrium and upstream migration may have dampened the effects of dendritic structure. We suggest that interacting historical and contemporary factors prevent the achievement of the idealized traits of a dendritic metapopulation in nature.