Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Range expansion, genetic differentiation, and phenotypic adaption of Hippophaë neurocarpa (Elaeagnaceae) on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Plant species shift ranges in response to climate fluctuation over time. However, differentiation related to heterogeneity in space has been illustrated only rarely. Here we selected Hippophaë neurocarpa S. W. Liu & T. N. Ho (Elaeagnaceae), a shrub endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, to exemplify this process. We characterized the genotypic, phenotypic, and climatic variations among 27 populations of this species sampled across its entire distribution. Genotype analyses revealed six highly differentiated groups that may have resulted from expansions in spatial range. Despite recent fluctuation in size, it is likely that most groups survived the last glacial maximum in situ. Instead of two previously described subspecies, we identified four morphotypes (stellate, peltate, and two additional types) that can be characterized based on leaf trichomes. This phenotypic subdivision is consistent with a climate gradient defined by temperature and precipitation, although similar phenotypes may derive from distinct genotypes. Collectively, we propose that the demographic history of H. neurocarpa is characteristic of an early spatial range expansion combined with a recent bottleneck, subsequently subdivided into multiple morphotypes following local adaption to heterogeneous climates.
Bioactivity of Serratiochelin A, a Siderophore Isolated from a Co-Culture of Serratia sp. and Shewanella sp.

Siderophores are compounds with high affinity for ferric iron. Bacteria produce these compounds to acquire iron in iron-limiting conditions. Iron is one of the most abundant metals on earth, and its presence is necessary for many vital life processes. Bacteria from the genus Serratia contribute to the iron respiration in their environments, and previously several siderophores have been isolated from this genus. As part of our ongoing search for medicinally relevant compounds produced by marine microbes, a co-culture of a Shewanella sp. isolate and a Serratia sp. isolate, grown in iron-limited conditions, was investigated, and the rare siderophore serratiochelin A (1) was isolated with high yields. Compound 1 has previously been isolated exclusively from Serratia sp. , and to our knowledge, there is no bioactivity data available for this siderophore to date. During the isolation process, we observed the degradation product serratiochelin C (2) after exposure to formic acid. Both 1 and 2 were verified by 1-D and 2-D NMR and high-resolution MS/MS. Here, we present the isolation of 1 from an iron-depleted co-culture of Shewanella sp. and Serratia sp. , its proposed mechanism of degradation into 2, and the chemical and biological characterization of both compounds. The effects of 1 and 2 on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells were evaluated, as well as their effect on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. While 2 did not show bioactivity in the given assays, 1 inhibited the growth of the eukaryotic cells and Staphylococcus aureus.
Revisiting the Concept of IT Capabilities in the Era of Digitalization

In the era of digitalization, companies review how to build competitive advantage drawing on their capabilities. In this context, the paper revisits the concept of IT capabilities. We summarize the “canonical” body of literature to characterize how leading scholars conceptualized and differentiated IT capabilities and then we show how new types of IT capabilities (for example, rising from SMACIT technologies) relate to this. We find that the resource-based view is still leading in how to conceptualize IT capabilities. However, an alternative perspective on IT assets is emerging, looking at it from the angle of digital technologies as stacks. Digital technologies form the foundation for a new technology-driven perspective on IT capabilities. This new view complements the established differentiation of IT capabilities considering IT infrastructure flexibility, IT management, and IT personnel capability. Both perspectives describe the explorative and exploitative nature of IT capabilities. This paper helps scholars and practitioners to clearly distinguish different perspectives of IT capabilities on how to build a competitive advantage from IT today.
A Process Model for the Integration of Over-The-Top and Communications Service Providers

The problem between Over-the-Top (OTT) and Communications Service Provider (CSP), namely for multimedia streaming services, is not new and has been a topic much discussed in the TM Forum. At time of writing, a technical solution that would benefit both parties has not yet been presented. With the existing model (no operational integration), both OTTs and CSPs are dissatisfied. This paper proposes a technical solution that can be beneficial to both parties and can potentially solve the existing conflicts. The solution presents the high-level design of Business Processes to integrate the OTT Service Platforms in CSP Operations. Some hypothetical, but close to reality scenarios were defined in order to show how the model could be applied. The design of the models incorporates information and suggestions collected from Portuguese CSPs. To evaluate the accuracy of the methodology, a set of interviews were conducted with industry experts, who evaluated each model of the solution. A set of surveys from users of these types of services was also conducted, in order to understand their opinions about the ideas used in the construction of the model.
Cannabidiol primer for healthcare professionals

Abstract Emerging research and clinical data are demonstrating potential benefits of cannabidiol for multiple medical conditions. This article gives healthcare providers information on cannabidiol and the endocannabinoid system as a foundation on which to build their medical knowledge as the risks and benefits of CBD in various diseases are further evaluated over time.
Cardiovascular fitness and executive functioning in primary school‐aged children

Abstract Previous research in children has shown that higher cardiovascular fitness is related to better executive functioning. However, the available literature is hampered by methodological limitations. The present study investigates the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and executive functioning in a large sample of healthy children (N = 814). Cardiovascular fitness was assessed with estimated VO2Max from 20 m Shuttle Run Test performance. Executive functioning was assessed using a set of computerized neurocognitive tasks aimed at executive functions (working memory, motor inhibition, interference control) and lower‐level neurocognitive functions (information processing and attention). Dependent measures derived from the neurocognitive tests were subjected to principal component analysis. Mixed model analyses tested the relation between cardiovascular fitness and neurocognitive functioning components. Results showed that children with higher cardiovascular fitness performed better on the neurocognitive function components Information Processing and Control, Visuospatial Working Memory and Attention Efficiency. The following measures contained in these components contributed to the observed relations: information processing measures, visuospatial working memory, and speed of alerting attention. No relationship was found between cardiovascular fitness and the other components: Verbal Working Memory, Attention Accuracy, and Interference Control. The present study suggests that there is a relationship between cardiovascular fitness and a specific set of executive functions and lower level neurocognitive functions. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular fitness for the overall health of school‐aged children.
The Prevalence of Internet Addiction in Turkish Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders.

Introduction The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) in adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Methods A total of 310 adolescents, aged from 12 to 18, participated in the study. The psychiatric sample group included 162 participants who had applied to the child psychiatry outpatients service. The psychiatric disorders among those in this group were assessed through clinical interviews based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). The control group was chosen from adolescents of families who had never sought psychiatric help. The demographics of the participants and the features of their Internet usage habits were gathered through a questionnaire prepared by researchers. Young's Internet Addiction Test was used to assess internet addiction. Results The frequency of IA was found to be significantly higher in the psychiatric sample group than in the control group (24.1% vs. 8.8%, respectively). A total of 23.9% of the subjects had one, and 12.6% had two or more co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses. The frequencies of the diagnostic groups were as follows: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 55.6%, anxiety disorder 29.0%, mood disorder 21.0%. Conclusion IA was found to be significantly more common among adolescents in the child psychiatry outpatient department than among the adolescents who had no psychiatric history, even after confounding variables had been controlled. Further studies are needed to define IA more precisely and to improve prevention approaches.
A meta-model to develop learning ecosystems with support for knowledge discovery and decision-making processes

There are software solutions to solve most of the problems related to information management in any company or institutions, but still, there is a problem for transforming information into knowledge. Technological ecosystems emerge as a solution to combine existing tools and human resources to solve different problems of knowledge management. In particular, when the ecosystem is focused on learning processes associated with knowledge are named learning ecosystems. The learning ecosystem metamodel defined in previous works solves several problems related to the definition and implementation of these solutions. However, there are still challenges associated with improving the analysis and visualization of information as a way to discover knowledge and support decision making processes. On the other hand, there is a metamodel proposal to define customized dashboards for supporting decision-making processes. This proposal aims to integrate both metamodels as a way to improve the definition of learning ecosystems.
Influence of Cultural Pest Management Techniques on the Infestation of Sweetpotato Weevil

In a series of field experiments conducted since 1977, various cultural pest management techniques have been tested to reduce damage by the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius formicarius F. Planting rice after harvest of the weevil-infested crop does not reduce weevil damage in the ensuing sweetpotato crop if the source of weevil is present in the vicinity. Rice rotation initiated away from the weevil source, coupled with removal of the common wild-host Ipomoea sp. , can reduce weevil infestation and maximize the effectiveness of carbofuran transplant dip treatment. In order to reduce the weevil source from the weevil-infested sweetpotato of the previous season, a 2-week flooding of the field soon after harvest practically eliminated the number of volunteer sweetpotato plants and the weevil. Covering the planted area with rice straw or plastic mulch reduced weevil infestation. RésuméAu cours d’une série d’expériences en champ conduites depuis 1977, nous avons testé plusieurs techniques culturales de lutte contre le charançon de la patate douce (Cylas formicarius). Une culture de riz aprés la récolte de patates douces infestées ne réduit pas le niveau d’infestation d’une nouvelle culture de patates douces si un réservoir de charançons existe dans le voisinage. Une rotation avec le riz, couplée avec l’élimination d’espèces végétales sauvages du genre Ipomoea quipeuvent servir d’hôte au charançon, peut réduire le niveau d’infestation ultérieur et maximiser l’efficacité du traitement par trempage dans le carbofuran avant le repiquage. Afin d’éliminer le risque d’infestation à partir des résidus d’une culture de patates douces infestée de la saison précédente, une inondation pendant 2 semaines du champ immédiatement après la récolte élimine pratiquement les plantes spontanées de patate douce ainsi que le charançon. Une couverture de la superficie plantée avec un paillis en plastique ou à paille de riz réduit également le niveau d’infestation.
Epigenomic programming in early fetal brain development

Aim: To provide a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory networks in the developing human brain and a foundation for interpreting pathogenic deregulation. Materials & methods: We generated reference epigenomes and transcriptomes of dissected brain regions and primary neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from cortical and ganglionic eminence tissues of four normal human fetuses. Results: Integration of these data across developmental stages revealed a directional increase in active regulatory states, transcription factor activities and gene transcription with developmental stage. Consistent with differences in their biology, NPCs derived from cortical and ganglionic eminence regions contained common, region specific, and gestational week specific regulatory states. Conclusion: We provide a high-resolution regulatory network for NPCs from different brain regions as a comprehensive reference for future studies.
Purification and characterization of fructan: fructan fructosyltransferase from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

SUMMARY Fructan: fructan fructosyltransferase activity (FFT, EC 2.4.1.100) from Helianthus tuberosus L. was purified 221-fold by a basic procedure involving ammonium sulphate precipitation, lectin chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The resulting FFT preparation was separated into three protein bands, of apparent molecular weight 72800, 60 500 and 56 200, by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These proteins showed affinity to sucrose-Eupergit. FFT proteins with a molecular weight of 72800 were isolated by preparative native gel electrophoresis, and yielded six distinguishable forms on separation by analytical isoelectric focusing. Proteins from the basic purification were separated by preparative isoelectric focusing into several forms with isoelectric points between pH 4.3 and 4.5. Samples from the gel with FFT activity were analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three samples contained only protein with the molecular weight 72800, and one sample contained only protein of apparent molecular weight 60500. The remaining samples contained a mixture of proteins with molecular weights of 72800, 60500 and 56 200. FFT was detected by 1-kestose-dependent nystose production. The enzyme was most active at pH 65, and up to 80 % of the activity was retained on pre-incubation (1 h) at temperatures of up to 40 °C. FFT transferred fructosyl groups from oligofructans [degree of polymerization (DP) 3–8] of the inulin series. No glycosyl transfer occurred with 6-kestose, neokestose, maltose, raffinose and maltotriose as the sole substrate. Sucrose efficiently accepted fructosyl units from oligofructans with a Km of approximately 0.2 mM. The rate of fructosyl transfer increased with degree of polymerization (from DP 4). 1-kestose was shown to be an efficient donor of fructosyl units to sucrose.
Tensions between Privacy and Targeted Advertising : Is the General Data Protection Regulation being violated?

The problem of data privacy on the internet takes on a large proportion considering that personal databases are a source of economic value for companies, which leads to an ethical and legal discussion. This article aims to examine privacy, addressing the issue of Cookies, used to obtain personal information from users for targeted advertising, even when there is no user consent, or such is compromised due to lack of information or knowledge. The article questions whether the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is being violated through this increasingly common practice of Digital Marketing. The methodology used was qualitative, descriptive and bibliographic, based on the GDPR and on articles on that matter. It was concluded that internet users are highly vulnerable regarding their personal data and that companies’ digital marketing should be guided by the GDPR rules on the obtainment of Cookies for targeted advertising, which requires greater inspection over its compliance
Efficient Access Control of Large Scale RDF Data Using Prefix-Based Labeling

A massive amount of resource description framework (RDF) data are available on the web. An RDF data publisher may want to prevent a few users from accessing a certain part of the RDF data. Various approaches have been proposed to reject a given SPARQL query that is intended to access instances or classes that are required to be protected. The problem of such access control management can be cast to processing ancestor/descendant relationship query over class hierarchy. The prefix-based labeling scheme has been applied to the fast processing of ancestor/descendant relationship queries. However, we observed that the existing approaches are ineffective in dealing with massive amounts of RDF data because the adopted labeling schemes produce labels of large sizes. Hence, we adopted the state-of-the art MapReduce-based algorithm for prefix-based labeling to reduce the label size based on the structural information of RDF data. Experiments with real-world RDF datasets showed that the proposed approach is more efficient than the conventional methods.
Concordance assessment between self-reports of substance use and urinalysis: A population-based study in Mashhad, Iran

Abstract Background Few studies have addressed the validity of self-reports of substance use in Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate concordance between self-reported data on drug use and urinalysis results in an adult population in Mashhad as the second most populous city in Iran. Methods This population-based study recruited 2142 Mashhad residents aged over 16 years. The data were obtained from a study conducted in 2015 on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an adult population in Mashhad. The participants were selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling. To evaluate the validity, the participants’ responses to a single-question screening test of drug use were compared with their urinalysis results. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the self-reports were also assessed. Results The prevalence of drug use was found to be 2.33% (95% CI: 1.75–3.09) based on the self-reported data and 17.74% (95% CI: 16.15–19.43) based on the urinalysis results. Opioids were the most prevalent form of drug used and the self-reports indicated low validity (sensitivity = 12.63%, 95% CI: 9.54–16.49). The women were found more predisposed than the men to misreporting their drug use. Discussion In line with other studies in Iran, the validity of the self-reports of drug use was found to be low. Policymakers should therefore avoid relying only on self-reported data to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and preventive strategies. It is recommended that further in-depth studies be conducted to address the factors affecting the validity of self-reports in Iranian populations.
A case Study of SME web application development via agile methods

The development of Web applications is an important focus of the modern information enabled organization-whether the Web application development is in-house, outsourced, or purchased as 'commercialoff-the-shelf'(COTS) software. Traditionally Web application development has been delivered via the dominant waterfall system. The waterfall system relies upon well-defined governance structures, linear phases, gating, and extensive reporting and sign-off documentation. An increasing number of development stakeholders criticise the waterfall system for web application development. The criticisms include a disproportionate focus on governance and process at the direct expense of flexibility and, most importantly, reduced productivity. One consequence of these criticisms is the increasing adoption of Web application development via agile-system methods. This agilesystem approach centres upon smaller design teams, fewer development phases, and shorter development time tables. This case study examines the implementation of the agile-system approach as used by a Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) software developer. The case study data collection involves interviews and observations across three different SME sources: project managers, Web application programmers, and customers. The case study analysis synthesises the experiences of these managers, programmers and customers to produce an overall assessment of the usefulness of Web application delivery via agile-system methods. The major conclusions from the case study are that a 'default'agile-system approach may be tailored or fine-tuned to fit an individual developer's software process. This tailoring is based upon the developer's assessment of best practice from the overall agile-system methodology. This tailoring, however, delivers a software development process that exhibits efficiencies and risks. The efficiencies include a more fulfilling role for each development team member, greater richness and continuity in design, a simple management system that delivers key information on a timely basis to all stake-holders, and increased business and technical quality within the delivered application. The risks pivot upon experience levels, skills levels, and the quality of interaction within-and between-both the development team and customer organization.
A Machine Learning Approach to Understanding Patterns of Engagement With Internet-Delivered Mental Health Interventions

Key Points Question Can machine learning techniques be used to identify heterogeneity in patient engagement with internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety? Findings In this cohort study using data from 54 604 individuals, 5 heterogeneous subtypes were identified based on patient engagement with the online intervention. These subtypes were associated with different patterns of patient behavior and different levels of improvement in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that patterns of patient behavior may elucidate different modalities of engagement, which can help to conduct better triage for patients to provide personalized therapeutic activities, helping to improve outcomes and reduce the overall burden of mental health disorders.
Applying Scrum in Data Science Projects

The rise of big data has led to an increase in data science projects conducted by organizations. Such projects aim to create valuable insights by improving decision making or enhancing an organization’s service offering through data-driven services. However, the majority of data science projects still fail to deliver the expected value. To increase the success rate of projects, the use of process models or methodologies is recommended in the literature. Nevertheless, organizations are hardly using them because they are considered too rigid and they do not support the typical iterative and open nature of data science projects. To overcome this problem, this research suggests applying Agile methodologies to data science projects. Agile methodologies were originally developed in the software engineering domain and are characterised by their iterative approach towards software development. In this study, we selected the Scrum approach and integrated it into the CRISP-DM methodology for data science projects using a Design Science Research approach. This new methodology was then evaluated in three different case organizations using expert interviews. Analysis of the expert interviews resulted in a further refinement of the Agile data science methodology proposed by this research.