Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence as a Rapid Technique for Surveying Elemental Distributions in Soil

ABSTRACT Case studies from two sites demonstrate how concentration distributions of hazardous contaminants can be rapidly measured and visualized using portable XRF (X-ray fluorescence) coupled with geostatistical interpolation tools. In this study, lead is used as an exemplar due to its well-known detrimental effect on human health through long-term exposure. A portable Thermo Scientific NITON X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument was used for real-time in-situ concentration measurements, which were linked to GPS coordinates of the sampling locations. A 52 point mixed sampling density survey was performed at a site near Maynooth, Co. Kildare, and a second 58 survey undertaken at Dublin City University (DCU). At Maynooth, high concentrations of Pb (above 110 mg/kg) were found close to the site where a local canal meets a road. At the DCU site, results indicate high Pb concentrations (above 160 mg/kg) near a busy main road. Geostatistical techniques were used to generate concentration prediction and critical threshold contour surfaces for both sites. Linked with GPS coordinates for each sampling location, this technology enables the distribution of multiple elements to be mapped over wide areas in a relatively short time. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Spectroscopy Letters to view the supplemental file.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings for Induction Motor

The fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) along with condition monitoring (CM) and of rotating machinery (RM) have critical importance for early diagnosis to prevent severe damage of infrastructure in industrial environments. Importantly, valuable industrial equipment needs continuous monitoring to enhance the safety, reliability, and availability and to decrease the cost of maintenance of modern industrial systems and applications. However, induction motor (IM) has been extensively used in several industrial processes because it is cheap, reliable, and robust. Rolling bearings are considered to be the main component of IM. Undoubtedly, any failure of this basic component can lead to a serious breakdown of IM and for whole industrial system. Thus, many current methods based on different techniques are employed as a fault prognosis and diagnosis of rolling elements bearing of IM. Moreover, these techniques include signal/image processing, intelligent diagnostics, data fusion, data mining, and expert systems for time and frequency as well as time-frequency domains. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have proven their significance in every field of digital technology. Industrial machines, automation, and processes are the net frontiers of AI adaptation. There are quite developed literatures that have been approaching the issues using signals and data processing techniques. However, the key contribution of this work is to present an extensive review of CM and FDD of the IM, especially for rolling elements bearings, based on artificial intelligent (AI) methods. This study highlights the advantages and performance limitations of each method. Finally, challenges and future trends are also highlighted.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment by Economic Activity on Gross Domestic Product Growth in Kosovo

The effects of the foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth, both in developed and non-developed countries, have been investigated for decades. In Kosovo's new economy, the FDI's presence is essential for economic and social development. This study aims to examine the impact of FDI by economic activities, known as "high-level aggregation," on the gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the period 2010-2019. The multiple regression is used to analyze the strength and direction of the FDI's impact on the GDP. The results show that FDI in the activities belonging to the primary sector has negatively impacted the GDP. In contrast, the FDI in activities of the secondary sector indicates a positive impact. Concerning the tertiary sector, the result differs among the types of activities. The FDI in real estate, renting, and business activities have a positive impact on GDP. Also, the FDI in public administration, education, human health, and social work activities has a substantial impact on GDP growth. The other FDIs belonging to the tertiary sector showed adverse impacts. So, the findings suggest that in a new economy, the FDI in activities that are more apt to induce positive externalities has more potential to increase the GDP in the long run. Otherwise, the impact may be low or adverse.
Enhanced bioremediation of fuel-oil contaminated soils: laboratory feasibility study.

In this study, microcosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of (1) nutrients, hydrogen peroxide ( H2 O2 ) , and cane molasses addition; (2) soil washing by biodegradable surfactant [Simple Green (SG)]; and (3) soil pretreatment by Fenton-like oxidation on the bioremediation of fuel-oil contaminated soils. The dominant native microorganisms in the fuel-oil contaminated soils after each treatment process were determined via polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and nucleotide sequence analysis. Results show that approximately 32 and 56% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal (initial concentration of 5,000 mg kg−1 ) were observed in microcosms with the addition of nutrient and cane molasses ( 1,000 mg L−1 ) , respectively, compared to only 9% of TPH removal in live control microcosms under intrinsic conditions (without amendment) after 120 days of incubation. Addition of cane molasses would cause the increase in microbial population and thus enhanc.
Handwriter Identification Using Quantitative Features Extracted from Character Patterns

Quantitative freatures extracted from hand-written character pattern were applied to handwriter identification, and the efficiency for hand-written character recognition was evaluated. Three features including local direction contributivity (LDC) feature, directional element (DE) feature and weighted direction index histogram (WDIH) feature of each sample character pattern collected from 20 writers were enforced to learn by the hierarchical neural network (HNN) in order to apply the tool for handwriter identification. Correct identification on DE and WDIH features through one character by HNN ranged from 82.5 to 85.5%, While that by visual inspection of expert examiners was 85.5%. Moreover, this tool performed the perfect identification using the combining sum of HNN's output values for sample characters. These results support that the application of feature extraction on hand-written characters using HNN is significantly effective for handwriter identification.
Isomorphic representations of hyperfine structure of binary silicates by interior stress, vibrational wavenumber and spacial fractional dimension

Stress index of tetrahedron (SIT) was defined to describe the topological connectivities among various silicon-oxygen tetrahedra (SiOT) in anionic clusters of binary silicate crystals, glasses and melts. It was found that the value of SIT was well correlated with the wavenumber of Raman active symmetric stretching vibration of non-bridging oxygen of SiOT. And also the spatial fractional dimension of hyperfine structure was introduced while comparative analysis being made with the value of SIT. It can be concluded that the concepts of SIT, vibrational wavenumber and spatial fractional dimension were inherently and holographically correlated and exhibit isomorphic representations of complex structure of binary silicates. Experimental Raman spectra of binary silicates with different alkali cation were investigated. It was demonstrated that alkali cation has little effect on the vibrational wavenumber of symmetric stretching of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) of SiOT, but remarkably affects its Raman active optical cross section, as was consensus resulted from ab initio calculation. It also can be concluded that the spatial fractional dimension of binary silicate is predominantly determined by the hyperfine structure of the anionic clusters and little affected by alkali cation, although the species of anionic clusters and their distributions were originally assigned by the content of alkali oxides.
New Porous Silicon-Containing Organic Polymers: Synthesis and Carbon Dioxide Uptake

The design and synthesis of new multifunctional organic porous polymers has attracted significant attention over the years due to their favorable properties, which make them suitable for carbon dioxide storage. In this study, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde reacted with phenyltrichlorosilane in the presence of a base, affording the corresponding organosilicons 1–3, which further reacted with benzidine in the presence of glacial acetic acid, yielding the organic polymers 4–6. The synthesized polymers exhibited microporous structures with a surface area of 8.174–18.012 m2 g−1, while their pore volume and total average pore diameter ranged from 0.015–0.035 cm3 g−1 and 1.947–1.952 nm, respectively. In addition, among the synthesized organic polymers, the one with the meta-arrangement structure 5 showed the highest carbon dioxide adsorption capacity at 323 K and 40 bar due to its relatively high surface area and pore volume.
Personalized Recommendation System for Promotion of Tourists Places

: Tour is going to be the foremost uttered word in weekends and summer breaks. So as to formulate tourism scenarios, the previous researches have provided an analysis report supported processing the downloaded images which seems to be partially accurate and time latency. The goal of our project is to verify the attractiveness of places supported location provided along-side the dataset taken such foreign tourists and tourists on-site to market the tourist places(feedback) and also to segregate the people into ages and suggesting them tourist spots. We are getting to build an internet application for our project. This concept benefits the tourists in various aspects like suggesting better places that also includes less popular but exorbitant sites.
Determination of hypertension disease using chirp z-transform and statistical features of optimal band-pass filtered short-time photoplethysmography signals

Hypertension is the condition where the normal blood pressure is high. This situation is manifested by the high pressure of the blood in the vein towards the vessel wall. Hypertension mostly affects the brain, kidneys, eyes, arteries and heart. Therefore, the diagnosis of this common disease is important. It may take days, weeks or even months for diagnosis. Often a device, called a blood pressure holter, is connected to the person for 24 or 48 h and the person’s blood pressure is recorded at certain intervals. Diagnosis can be made by the specialist physician considering these results. In recent years, various physiological measurement techniques have been used to accelerate this time-consuming diagnostic phase and intelligent models have been proposed. One of these techniques is photopletesmography (PPG). In this study, a model for the detection of hypertension disease in individuals was proposed using chirp z-transform and statistical features (total band power, autoregressive model parameters, standard deviation of signal’s derivative and zero crossing rate) of optimal band-pass filtered short-time PPG signals. The proposed method was successfully applied to 657 PPG trials, which each of them had only 2.1 s signal length and achieved a classification accuracy rate of 77.52% on the test data. The results showed that the diagnosis of hypertension can be performed effectively by chirp z-transform and statistical features and support vector machine classifier using optimal frequency range of 1.4–6 Hz.
Settling and dewatering characteristics of sludge from baker's yeast production wastewater treatment

The treatment of baker9s yeast production wastewaters by a sequence of anaerobic and aerobic processes at the Pakmaya Izmit Plant results in the generation of three types of sludge, namely anaerobic, aerobic, and a mixture of the two. Formation of inorganic salts results in the accumulation of sludge in the bottom of the anaerobic reactors. Consequently, the volatile solids content of the sludges in the lower levels of the anaerobic reactors is lower. The higher levels of the anaerobic reactors are well mixed due to high circulation rate and biogas bubble rising. Settling and conditioning experiments were performed with all three types of sludge. The SVI values for all three types of sludge were low, indicating good settling characteristics. A high molecular cationic polyelectrolyte was found to be an effective conditioning chemical. Buchner Funnel Tests indicated that the SRF values for the anaerobic sludge were lower as compared to the aerobic sludge. The optimum dosage of the polymer for all three types of sludge was determined as 15 ml of 0.1% by weight solution per litre of sludge. Sludge thickening and dewatering with polymer conditioning have been applied successfully and economically on a full scale at the Pakmaya Plant using a combination of a rotary drum thickener and a belt filter, resulting in the production of sludge cake of 18–22% dry weight.
Serum Creatinine can be Reduced by Applying Homeopathic Medicines according to the Symptom Similarity: Case Study Analysis of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Background: Over the past few decades, chronic kidney disease (CKD) with high serum creatinine has turned into an intensive clinical and epidemiological research in Bangladesh as well as globally. Even though the transparency provided by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines, there appears to be within the CKD with high serum creatinine research literature significant dissimilarity on how to define CKD and assess kidney function. In this situation homeopathic symptomatic treatment can play a vital role in CKD with high creatinine. Original Research Article Rasel et al.; JOCAMR, 12(1): 1-10, 2020; Article no.JOCAMR. 62529 2 Methods: The cases of four patients with CKD and high creatinine from our observations are discussed, those whom were benefited by homeopathic treatment. The more common remedies administered in the treatment of CKD with high creatinine include: Lycopodium clavatum, Apis mellifica, Apocynum cannabinum, Aurum muriticum, Cuprum metalicum Cantharis, Sarsaparilla, Glonoine, Serum anguillae, Berbaris vulgaris,. etc. The patho-physiologies, diagnosis, review of CKD and serum creatinine are discussed. These case study analyses of CKD emphasize that a consideration of CKD symptoms with high serum creatinine, in addition to more constitutional symptoms, is important when homeopathically analyzing these cases. Results: The positive effects of different homeopathic medicines were clearly reducing serum creatinine during the treatment of CKD patients without hemodialysis with cost effectiveness and most harmless way. Conclusions: These case study analyses found that early proper diagnosis, most appropriate selection of homeopathic remedies and follow-up is important to cure the CKD with high serum creatinine and possible resulting renal failure can be dreadful.
The stages of nitrogen aggregation in diamond

An experiment is described in which a synthetic diamond containing a high concentration of dispersed nitrogen atoms was heated at 2400 degrees C and 2500 degrees C under a stabilising pressure of about 9.5 GPa. The nitrogen atoms aggregated to form the types of nitrogen centres which are found in natural type 1a diamonds. Of particular interest was the formation of platelets in the cube planes. The results strongly suggest that the platelets were mainly composed of nitrogen atoms.
Co-supplementation of colostrum powder on performance, intestinal morphology, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of broilers in heat stress

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of colostrum powder on performance, intestinal morphology, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of broilers in heat stress. In this experiment 224 Ross-308 broiler chicks were used from 1 to 42 days in 5 treatments and 4 replicates (12 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1) control (without using colostrum), 2) 0.5% of colostrum, 3) 1% of colostrum, 4) 1.5% of colostrum, and 5) 2% of colostrum powder. Colostrum powder was added in first 10 days of broilers breeding period in their diets. Colostrum powder had significant effects on performance, carcass traits and intestinal cells morphology of broilers in heat stress (P < 0.05). In grower period the highest amounts of final body weight and body weight gain were obtained with 2% of colostrum powder. Colostrum powder in contrast to control improved the percentages of gizzard, liver, bursa of fabricious, thighs and breast (P > 0.05). The highest villies, the lowest crypts and the highest ratio of villies/crypts were obtained with colostrum powder adding (P > 0.05). Colostrum powder had no significant effects on blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of broilers. The overall resulted showed that in broilers in heat stress condition using colostrum powder up to 2% in starter period has beneficial effects on performance, carcass traits and intestinal morphology of broilers.
Highly transparent, ultra‐thin flexible, full‐color mini‐LED display with indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin‐film transistor substrate

Mini‐LED and micro‐LED are expected to be the next‐generation display by virtue of their diverse applications. In this study, an 8‐inch flexible mini‐LED display was fabricated using an indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane that adopted a top‐gate structure, with a pixel pitch of 0.55 mm and a resolution of 320 x 160, 46 PPI. With colorless polyimide (CPI) as the substrate, the mini‐LED panel has a thickness of less than 0.2 mm, and a transmittance is over 60%. The world's first 8‐inch, full‐color, flexible mini‐LED with IGZO‐TFT backplane is demonstrated.
Adsorption removal of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from waste water using nano‐cellulose hybrids containing reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes

Cellulose is an important biomass in natural material fields. Reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (R-POSS) bearing multi-N-methylol groups is novel high reactive POSS monomer. The nano-cellulose hybrids containing R-POSS were synthesized by crosslinking reaction. It was interesting to investigate properties and applications of hybrids containing R-POSS. In this work, nano-cellulose hybrids as novel biosorbent were used for adsorpting copper and nickel ions in aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm of Cu2+ and Ni2+ on the nano-cellulose hybrids were investigated. The results showed that R-POSS had been grafted to cellulose macromolecule. The nano-cellulose hybrids could form new adsorptive position for heavy metal ions. The adsorption capacities of hybrid materials were obviously higher than that of control cellulose. The adsorption of heavy metal ions on nano-cellulose hybrids followed the second-order model. The equilibrium isotherms for adsorpting copper and nickel ions on the hybrids followed Langmuir isotherm model. Nano-cellulose materials containing POSS as biosorbents or ultrafiltration membranes would be used in separation of toxic heavy metal ions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Family Bonds: Kinship Reciprocity, Female Teenage Trafficking and Domestic Labor Exploitation in Peru

ABSTRACT In this article we share the findings resulting from interviews with 25 female domestic workers in Lima between August and December of 2016. We argue that the experiences of these workers, who migrate from the provinces to the capital city of Lima as minors, frequently qualify them as victims of human trafficking – not because they are forced to move or deceitfully recruited, but due to their exploitation as adolescent domestic workers. We also analyze the drivers behind teenage female migration to Lima to work in the domestic sector under abusive conditions and offer future policy directions.
Breakdown voltage enhancement of gate field plate Al0.295Ga0.705N/GaN HEMTs

ABSTRACT The breakdown characteristics of Al0.295Ga0. 705N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been studied with Al0.04Ga0. 96N blocking layer and gate field plate technique. LG = 0.4 µm HEMT with 0.8 µm SiN passivation shows 2.16 A/mm drain current (IDSmax) at gate voltage, VGS = 2 V. The breakdown voltage of the HEMT is investigated for various field plate length (LFP = 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 µm) and the device shows the maximum VBR of 871 V and JFoM of 34.88 THz-V for a gate-field plate length (LFP) = 1.75 µm. The device performance has also been studied for the high-k passivation HfO2 layer with an identical structure. The device shows an enhanced VBR of 912 V with JFoM of 25.53 THz-V. These results indicate that the proposed Al0.295Ga0. 705N/GaN/Al0.04Ga0. 96N double heterojunction (DH) HEMTs are suitable devices for next-generation high-power microwave applications.
The Protective Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Part of Er MiaoSan on Adjuvant Arthritis Rats by Regulating the Function of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells

Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Er Miao San (EMS) and the regulative function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. Methods. The ethyl acetate part of EMS (3 g/kg, 1.5 g/kg, and 0.75 g/kg) was orally administered from day 15 after immunization to day 29. The polyarthritis index and paw swelling were measured, the ankle joint pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the spleen and thymus index were determined. Moreover, T and B cell proliferation were determined using the CCK-8 assay. The expression of BMDC surface costimulatory molecules and inflammatory factors were determined using flow cytometry and ELISA kits, respectively. Results. Compared with the AA model rats, the ethyl acetate fraction of EMS obviously reduced paw swelling (from 1.0 to 0.7) and the polyarthritis index (from 12 to 9) P < 0.01 and improved the severity of histopathology P < 0.01 . The treatment using ethyl acetate fraction of EMS significantly reduced the spleen and thymus index P < 0.01 and inhibited T and B cell proliferation P < 0.01 . Moreover, EMS significantly modulated the expression of surface costimulatory molecules in BMDCs, including CD40, CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) P < 0.01 . The results also showed that the ethyl acetate part of EMS significant inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 23 tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and inflammatory factor prostaglandin (PG) E2 in the supernatant of BMDCs. However, the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased P < 0.01 . Conclusion. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate part of EMS has better protective effects on AA rats, probably by regulating the function of BMDCs and modulating the balance of cytokines.