Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Membrane Skeleton of Pseudomicrothorax: I. Isolation, Structure and Composition

The epiplasm membrane skeleton of the ciliated protozoan Pseudomicrothorax dubius has been isolated and its three-dimensional structure and constituent proteins have been examined. The epiplasm functions as a cytoskeleton to define cell shape and the position of some cortical organelles. Scanning electron microscopy of the isolated epiplasm reveals a rococo cytoarchitecture in which basal bodies and trichocyst attachment sites are arranged in precise geometric arrays. SDS-PAGE reveals 40 bands, one of which is quantitatively the major band of the epiplasm and is composed of at least 3 different proteins and numerous isoelectric variants, as revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mapping. Polyclonal antisera were produced against native (antiserum 15) and SDS-denatured (antiserum 18) epiplasm. On immunoblots, antiserum 15 labels the hydrophilic proteins that are extracted from the epiplasm by treatment with dilute acid solution and that are predominantly glycoproteins, four of which are labeled with Concanavalin A on Western blots. On Lowicryl thin sections, antiserum 15 labels the epiplasm uniformly, except for the terminal plates, indicating that the glycoproteins are integral components of the epiplasm and are not membrane contaminants in the epiplasm fraction. Concanavalin A labeling of Lowicryl sections supports the latter result. On immunoblots, antiserum 18 labels the acid-insoluble epiplasm bands, the major structural elements of the epiplasm. One of the epiplasm bands at 52x1O 3 M r is labeled by an anti-β tubulin monoclonal antibody. Evidence is presented that this β tubulin is not due to microtubule contamination of the epiplasm fraction.
Rectilinear Locomotion in a Snake ( Boa Occidentalis )

1. The rectilinear mode of progression in Boa occidentalis is described. It is fundamentally similar to that of an earthworm. The terms ‘snail’ and ‘caterpillar’ principles of other authors are inappropriate. 2. During movement, waves of muscular contraction and relaxation pass in a posterior direction over the ventral cutaneous musculature. 3. The ventral surface moves forward in ‘steps’ while the vertebral column and all parts rigidly connected with it move forward at relatively constant speed. The ribs do not execute any appreciable movement relative to the vertebral column. 4. The probable interaction of the musculature, as deduced from the mechanics and the geometrical arrangements, is discussed. 5. Rectilinear progression is probably a unique type of vertebrate locomotion in so far as it does not involve any lever actions of skeletal structures.
Remobilization of Nonstructural Carbohydrates from Vegetative Tissues to Fruits in Tomato

Soluble sugar and starch levels were measured in leaf, stem, and petiole tissues of 3 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars throughout plant development in order to 1) assess the contribution of reserve carbohydrates to final fruit yield and quality and 2) determine whether genotypic variation exists for this trait. In all 3 cultivars — ‘VF145B-7879’ (‘7879’), ‘UC82’ (‘82’), and ‘BL6807’ (‘6807’) — leaf tissue was found to accumulate high levels of both soluble sugars and starch. Stem and petiole tissues, although having high sugar content, accumulated little starch. An estimate of the proportion of fruit dry weight attributable to remobilization of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) from vine tissue was made by determining the dry weight of sugars and starch lost from vegetative tissue once the vine had ceased gaining weight and dividing by the final fruit dry weight. Values for ‘6807’ and ‘7879’ were 4.8% and 0.3%, respectively. No remobilization of NSC was apparent in ‘82’. The primary remobilized carbohydrate was leaf starch in both ‘6807’ and ‘7879’. Leaf and stem sugars were also remobilized in ‘6807’. The relatively high degree of remobilization in ‘6807’ was associated with early maturity and a high fruit/leaf ratio.
Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Green Manure Crops

Greenhouse and field experiments were initiated to evaluate rapeseed and mustard species as green manure crops for weed suppression. Under greenhouse conditions incorporating 20 g fresh wt leaf and stem tissue of rapeseed, two white mustards, and brown mustard into 450 g Sharpsburg, silty clay loam soil resulted in significant reductions in weed emergence, biomass, and height. Kochia, shepherd's-purse, and green foxtail emergences were reduced by all green manure crops. Redroot pigweed emergence was reduced by all green manure crops except brown mustard, and velvetleaf emergence was reduced by white mustards only. Kochia and shepherd's-purse fresh weights were reduced by all green manure crops, while redroot pigweed and velvetleaf fresh weights were reduced by brown mustard and white mustard var. Salvo. Green foxtail fresh weight was reduced by all green manure crops except rapeseed. With the exception of shepherd's-purse, no relationship between glucosinolate content of the incorporated green manure and suppression of weed growth was found. Under field conditions, early spring-planted green manure crops reduced early season weed biomass in soybean at one of the two locations. Mustard species as green manure crops reduced total weed biomass in soybean by 40% 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) and 49% 6 WAE. Soybean biomass and yield were sometimes reduced by the incorporation of green manure crops in treatments containing weeds; however, hand-weeded plots with green manure treatments yielded similar to hand-weeded plots without green manure.
Estudo da proliferação, migração e diferenciação dos precursores neurais do sistema nervoso pós-natal de camundongos (Mus musculus)

18 CAPÍTULO I . 19 1.1 INTRODUÇÃO . 20 1.2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA . 23 1.2. 1 A BIOLOGIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO E AS CÉLULAS-TRONCO . 24 O século das sociedades industriais e o surgimento da embriologia . 25 O auge das sociedades contemporâneas e das ciências . 30 Conceitos gerais em células-tronco . 33 1.2. 2 DESENVOLVIMENTO DO SISTEMA NERVOSO . 35 A transição do ectoderma ao tubo neural . 36 Proliferação das células-tronco e os progenitores . 40 Os programas de migração dos neurônios imaturos . 42 O controle da proliferação e diferenciação das NSCs . 44 1.2. 3 A FORMAÇÃO DO CÓRTEX CEREBRAL . 49 Os tipos de córtex cerebral . 50 Proliferação e formação das regiões no neocórtex . 52 A migração e diferenciação dos neurônios . 53 1.3 OBJETIVO . 55 CAPÍTULO II . 57 2. ADULT BRAIN NEUROGENESIS, NEURAL STEM CELLS AND NEUROGENIC NICHES . 58 Abstract . 59 Introduction . 60 Discovering adult brain neurogenesis . 60 Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) activity . 62
Application of PCR for Selection of Gram-Positive Bacteria with High DNA G+C Content among New Isolates

A PCR condition was established to distinguish strains of Actinobacteria from both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria with low G+C content of DNA by taking advantage of a stable, specific and common insertion of a 100 bp sequence in the domain III of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene of class Actinobacteria. The PCR was designed to amplify a 380 bp fragment from Actinobacteria and a 270 bp fragment from the above bacteria. PCR-based survey of known strains as well as newly isolated soil bacteria confirmed that this PCR worked well to select Actinobacteria. In the survey it was unexpectedly found that several strains provided both 270 bp and 380 bp amplified fragments (the sequences of these two fragments obtained from Agrococcus jenensis were determined), indicating the presence of at least two copies of the domain III of the 23S rDNA gene.
A963G single nucleotide variant of BMP15 is not common bio-marker for fecundity in goat

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP 15) is crucial factor for ovulation as well as for increasing litter size. In the present investigation efforts had been carried out to assess the genetic variations in Exon 2 region of BMP 15 in goat, using polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) sequencing methods and cooperated frequency distribution to discuss its possibility of related fecundity. Across the 144samples from six breeds were identified in the A963G location of BMP15 using PCR-SSCP and sequences technology. A963A genotype was the most frequent (85.4%) and G963G was the least frequent with a frequency of 4.2% and A963G is 10.4%. It revealed non significant different between high and low fecundity breed. Therefore, this single nucleotide variant is not common Bio-Marker for fecundity in Goat.
Specific immunological reactivity in generalized forms of meningococcal infection in children

: The characteristics of immune responsiveness were studied in 455 children aged 2 months to 14 years with the generalized forms of meningococcal infection. In children of all age groups an increase in the titers of antibodies to meningococci was revealed; this increase started from day 4 of the disease, reached its maximum at the end of week 3 or the beginning of week 4 and correlated with the severity of the disease and the age of the patients. A drop in the IgG level in the course of the disease and a rise in the IgM level by the end of week 2 were observed. A decrease in the content of T-lymphocytes at the acute period of the disease and an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes, especially by the end of week 2 of the disease, were established.
Protein Sequencing and Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Kinter/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

An Introduction to Protein Sequencing Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry The Primary Structure of Proteins and a Historical Overview of Protein Sequencing Fundamental Mass Spectrometry Collisionally Induced Dissociation of Protonated Peptide Ions and the Interpretation of Product Ion Spectra Basic Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis The Preparation of Protein Digests for Mass Spectrometric Sequencing Experiments Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Tryptic Digests Protein Identification by Database Searching Sequence Analysis of Novel Proteins The Characterization of Post-Translationally Modified Proteins Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry Index.
Sooty Tern behavior

A 4-year study of the breeding behavior of Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) was made at Bush Key, Dry Tortugas in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The results are compared with the behavior of other terns and the differences discussed, particularly in regard to the pelagic environment the Sooty Tern inhabits. Sooty Terns arrive at the Dry Tortugas some 2 months before eggs are first laid. At first they circle Bush Key at night only, but eventually land and extend the time they spend on the ground, arriving earlier in the evening and leaving later in the morning. After the first eggs are laid, flocking subsides. Aerial display by Sooty Terns consists mainly of the high fight in which two birds ascend, usually by jerk-fiying, circle, and then descend together in a coordinated glide. Sooty Terns may have a poorly developed low flight display. On the ground the major display is the parade, similar to that of other Sterna terns. Courtship feeding is rare. Terns often interfere with pairs attempting to copulate. The single egg is incubated about 29.5 days with the male caring for it somewhat more than the female. The birds are attentive over 95 per cent of the time, incubating when it is cool, shading when it is hot, and engaging in other activities such as preening, fighting, and loafing most commonly when they change between incubating and shading. Nest relief usually occurs in the evening after 24 or 48 hours of care. Dipping, in which adults dip their feet, bill and/or breast feathers in the ocean, is common during incubation and may cool the egg or provide it with needed moisture. Chicks are closely brooded for 4 or 5 days, after which adults seem to recognize them individually and spend progressively less time with them. By the end of the third week, chicks are alone much of the time except when fed. Adults feed the chick by regurgitation, spend about 3.5 hours per foraging trip, and often feed a chick several times after one trip. Males feed the chick somewhat more than females do. Vocal exchanges between parent and chick seem most important in individual recognition. Occasionally adults feed a chick other than their own. Chicks first fly when about 8 weeks old and leave the colony soon after that. The ground and aerial displays of Sooty Terns are similar to those of other Sterna terns, especially the Common Tem. The rarity of the low flight and courtship feeding, both of which are common in other terns, may be due to the different way in which Sooties carry food and the distance they travel to forage. Sooty Terns have a lower cutch size, longer period of development of the chick, and first breed when older than most other terns, many of which feed in marshes and coastal waters. These characteristics of Sooty Tern breeding biology are similar to those of many other pelagic birds. A distant fbod supply and high adult survivorship apparently have contributed to these differences from other terns.
Mobile genetic elements in mycobacteria.

Mobile genetic elements, ranging from plasmids and bacteriophages to insertion sequences and transposons, have come to play key roles in many aspects of basic and applied research in mycobacteriology. Plasmids and bacteriophages have been widely used as cloning vectors, especially for constructing recombinant vaccines based on bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG); composite transposons have also been used for this purpose. At the same time, insertion sequences have proved invaluable for diagnostic and epidemiological studies, and transposon mutagenesis provides a useful method for inactivating and marking selected mycobacterial genes. Plasmids are commonly found in many mycobacterial species, notably M. avium, although not in M. tuberculosis; the biological significance of these plasmids (if any) is mostly unknown. Insertion sequences, and other repetitive elements, have also been characterized from many mycobacterial species. Special attention is paid to IS6110/IS986, from M. tuberculosis, and the IS900 family from M. avium and related organisms; the latter includes the recently described highly mobile element IS1110. The emphasis of the paper is on the molecular biology and significance of plasmids and insertion sequences/transposons, in mycobacteria and in bacteria of plasmids and insertion sequences/transposons, in mycobacteria and in bacteria in general, and their applications as cloning vectors and in transposon mutagenesis.
Endocrine Activities of the Blastocyst and Early Embryonic Tissue in the Pig

day 10 (Fig. 2) . At this time no stimulation of total protein synthesis is detectable (Kaye et al., 1973). This might suggest that thymidine kinase is a critical enzyme in the oestrogeninduced stimulation of DNA synthesis, though the kinetics of enzyme stimulation do not really support such a view (Fig. 1). Detectable stimulation of DNA synthesis occurs after intraperitoneal injection of only 5Opg of oestradiol-178, though a dose of 50ng is required for maximum response (Kaye et al., 1972). In contrast, detectable stimulation of thymidine kinase activity requires a dose of 5ng of oestradioLl7g and maximum response is achieved with 100ng. This may simply represent differences in the sensitivity of the two assay procedures. In conclusion, the mechanism(s) by which steroid hormones influence uterine DNA synthesis is slowly succumbing to investigation. However, the nature of the changes in control of DNA synthesis associated with such complications as the onset of pregnancy or the development of uterine carcinoma still presents a considerable challenge.
Monitoramento de lepidópteros, associados a plantios de eucalipto da Região de Açailândia (Maranhão), no período de Agosto/90 a Julho/91

Muitas das especies de insetos associadas ao plantios de eucalipto sao consideradas pragas, enquanto outras ainda nao apresentam uma relacao definida com estas florestas. Amostragens quinzenais da entomofauna, realizadas com armadilhas luminosas, no periodo de agosto/90 a julho/91, revelaram a existencia de 263 especies de Lepidoptera associadas aos plantios de eucalipto da regiao de Acailândia (Maranhao). Destas, sete sao consideradas pragas primarias: Eupseudosoma aberransSchaus, 1905 e Eupseudosoma involutaSepp, 1852 (Arctiidae), "Thyirrteina leucoceraeaRindge, 1961, Glenaspp. , e Oxydia veuliaCramer, 1779 (Geometridae); Nystalea nyseusCramer, 1775 (Notodontidae); Sarsina violascensHerrich-Schaeffer, 1856 (Lymantriidae) e seis pragas sencundarias: Automeris illustrisWalker, 1855 Automenis sp. , Hyperchiria incisaWalker, 1855 e Hyfesiasp. (Satumiidae), Cosmosoma augeLinne, 1767 (Amatidae) e idalus affinis(Arctiidae).
Selection of B16 melanoma cells with increased metastatic potential and low intercellular cohesion using Nuclepore filters.

: A method was developed to isolate tumor cell variants which penetrate filter pores 10 X smaller than their cell diameter. Variants with very high penetration ability in a standard filter assay showed increased metastatic capacity compared to non-selected cells when assayed in vivo with intramuscular injection and removal of the primary tumor, or in a subcutaneous injection assay with the primary tumor left intact. The parent cell line, as well as randomly chosen clones displayed less metastatic capacity, which correlated with correspondingly reduced filter penetration rates. A characterization of the cells so far analyzed in vitro showed that selection through Nuclepore filters led to increased invasive spread, reduced intercellular cohesion and a somewhat higher motility. The B16 melanoma cells tested so far which showed this in vitro behavior had increased metastatic capacity, suggesting that such traits may be involved in metastatic behavior of the B16 melanoma. The procedure described for the isolation of variant tumor strains should provide cells which will help to analyze penetration phenomena in metastasis.
Prediction of Structural and Functional Aspects of Protein: In-Silico Approach

To predict the structure of protein from a primary amino acid sequence is computationally difficult. An investigation of the methods and algorithms used to predict protein structure and a thorough knowledge of the function and structure of proteins are critical for the advancement of biology and the life sciences as well as the development of better drugs, higher-yield crops, and even synthetic bio-fuels. To that end, this chapter sheds light on the methods used for protein structure prediction. This chapter covers the applications of modeled protein structures and unravels the relationship between pure sequence information and three-dimensional structure, which continues to be one of the greatest challenges in molecular biology. With this resource, it presents an all-encompassing examination of the problems, methods, tools, servers, databases, and applications of protein structure prediction, giving unique insight into the future applications of the modeled protein structures. In this chapter, current protein structure prediction methods are reviewed for a milieu on structure prediction, the prediction of structural fundamentals, tertiary structure prediction, and functional imminent. The basic ideas and advances of these directions are discussed in detail.
Phosphate rock: origin, importance, environmental impacts, and future roles

Phosphate rock (PR) is an important mineral resource with numerous uses and applications in agriculture and the environment. PR is used in the manufacture of detergents, animal feed, and phosphate (PO43–) fertilizers. Leaching or runoff losses from PR products like PO43– fertilizers, animal feeds, and detergents could cause eutrophication of surface waters enriched in PO43– by these losses. Although direct application of PR reduces pollution by acting as a slow-release fertilizer, its effectiveness is limited by several factors. The major limitation of PR in direct application is its low solubility, which reduces its availability for soil reactions or plant uptake. Strategies used to increase the effectiveness of directly applied PR are based on increasing acidity, as this increases PR solubility. The application of PR in agriculture may have adverse effects because it contains hazardous elements that could be transferred to the soil through the application of fertilizers, especially after long term use.
Association between Grain Size and Shape and Quality Traits, and Path Analysis of Thousand Grain Weight in Iranian Bread Wheat Landraces from Different Geographic Regions

Grain characteristics, particularly grain weight, grain morphology, and grain protein content (GPC), are important components of grain yield and quality in wheat. A set of 98 bread wheat landraces from different geographic regions of Iran were used across 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to determine the phenotypic diversity and relations between thousand grain weight (TGW), grain morphology and grain quality. A high-throughput method was used to capture grain size and shape. The genotypes were significantly different (P < 0.001) for all traits which reflects the high levels of diversity. A moderate to high broad sense heritability was found for all traits and ranged between 0.68 and 0.95 for grain yield and factor from density (FFD), respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between TGW and grain size (or shape) exception of aspect ratio (AR) and roundness. However, grain quality traits, especially GPC had significant negative correlation with TGW. Based on stepwise regression analysis by taking TGW as dependent variable, grain volume, FFD, width, perimeter and Hardness Index (HI) were recognized as the most important traits and explained more than 99.3% of total variation of TGW. The path analysis revealed that FFD has maximum direct effect on TGW followed by volume, whereas perimeter and width had relatively less direct effect on TGW. According to cluster analysis, landraces separated into 5 clusters, and cluster III and IV had the maximum and minimum average for the most traits, respectively. Our study provides new knowledge on the relations between TGW, grain morphology and grain quality in bread wheat, which may aid the improvement of wheat grain weight trait in further research.
The Yersinia enterocolitica situation in Denmark.

: The importance of pigs as the major Y. e. 0:3 reservoir is strengthened by the Danish investigations. Y.e. 0:3 is the only cause of yersiniosis in Denmark, and approximately 800 cases are recorded yearly. Approximately 10% of the Danish population harbour the HLAB27 factor, thus belonging to the high-potential risk group. In order to minimize the population's risk, important preventive measures by changing the slaughtering technique have now been taken.
Sediment macrobenthos of mangrove flats at Inhaca Island, Mozambique

Une etude detaillee de la macrofaune des sediments, de la granulometrie, de la teneur en matiere organique et des phytopigments a ete faite dans deux mangroves differentes : Saco et Ponta Rasa. Les resultats indiquent une dominance des sables fins et moyens, au lieu des vases, ceci en raison de la nature sedimentaire de l'ile. Une zonation tres nette des organismes macrobenthiques a ete etablie, resultant de la combination des divers facteurs qui contribuent a la definition des communautes des mangroves. La granulometrie ainsi que la salinite, l'eau phreatique et le phytobenthos, sont les facteurs determinants pour la distribution du macrobenthos ou les polychetes sont dominantes comme cela a deja ete decrit pour le SW de Madagascar. La mangrove du Saco apparait comme l'exemple de mangrove subtropicale le plus meridional d'Afrique orientale, avec une diversite et une production elevees. La mangrove de Ponta Rasa est consideree comme atypique, representant une situation extreme de faible diversite, ou sont absentes beaucoup d'especes considerees comme caracteristiques des mangroves. Les differences faunistiques entre les deux mangroves seraient le resultat de conditions microenvironnementales determinantes pour la richesse et la diversite de la macrofaune de ces ecosystemes, notamment la teneur en eaux des sediments et le phytobenthos.