Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estudios Moleculares y Celulares del Sistema de Endotelinas en Cáncer Colorectal

En el presente proyecto se estudio el rol que cumple el sistema de endotelinas en el tracto digestivo murino. Previa verificacion de la localizacion del sistema en condiciones fisiologicas normales, se estudiaron los cambios en el patron de expresion de los peptidos y sus receptores durante el desarrollo de un modelo de cancer colo-rectal murino inducido por azoximetano.La caracterizacion de las diferentes etapas del desarrollo de cancer colo-rectal se realizo utilizando tecnicas de anatomia patologica clasicas, de inmunohistoquimica y de microscopia optica no lineal. Estos datos morfologicos fueron correlacionados con los niveles de expresion de los ARNms de los peptidos y sus receptores usando tecnicas de PCR semi-cuantitativa. Asimismo, las evidencias morfologicas obtenidas en los animales normales y los inducidos al desarrollo tumoral, se correlacionaron con indices de auto-fluorescencia obtenidos por microscopia de desconvolucion digital; el cual fue determinado registrando la fluorescencia endogena proveniente de la superficie epitelial del colon. Ademas de dilucidar los posibles roles del sistema Endotelinas en un modelo murino de cancer colo-rectal, con el presente proyecto se obtuvieron parametros cuantitativos e indicadores, que podrian utilizarse para evaluar el proceso cancerigeno y como un posible metodo de diagnostico temprano.
Effects of the MTHFR C 677 T Polymorphism on Prostate Specific Antigen and Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in many countries. The incidence and prevalence account for 15.3% in developed countries and 4.3% in developing countries. Diet, hormone levels, age, and both chemical and carcinogen exposure are the potential risk factors for prostate cancer. Although the etiology of prostate cancer is largely unknown, both genetic and environmental factors might contribute to the development of prostate cancer (Gambert et al., 2001; Parkin et al., 2001; Ilic et al., 2011). Prostate cancer has a long latency period however serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) showed an early rise by the specific activity of tumour cells, therefore PSA is the major serum marker of prostate cancer. Recently total serum levels of homocysteine has been identified as a marker of prostate cancer (LasalviaPrisco et al., 2003). Genetic polymorphisms that alter the activity of the enzymes of biotransformation have been reported to be associated with cancer development and progression. Previous reports revealed that polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene play a critical role in cancer development,
In Vitro Human Naphthalene Metabolism

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene is an environmental pollutant, a component of jet fuel and, since 2000, has been reclassified as a potential human carcinogen. Few studies of the in vitro human metabolism of naphthalene are available and these focus on lung metabolism. The current studies were performed to characterize naphthalene metabolism by human cytochromes P450 (CYP). Naphthalene metabolites from pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) were trans -1,2-dihydro-1,2-naphthalenediol (dihydrodiol), 1-naphthol, and 2-naphthol. Metabolite production generated Kms of 23, 40, and 116 µ M and Vmaxs of 2860, 268, and 22 pmol/mg protein/min., respectively. CYP isoform screening of naphthalene metabolism identified CYP1A2 as the most efficient isoform for producing dihydrodiol and 1-naphthol and CYP3A4 as the most effective for 2-naphthol production. Metabolism of the primary metabolites of naphthalene was also studied to identify secondary metabolites. While 2-naphthol was readily metabolized by pHLM to produce 2,6-and 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, dihydrodiol and 1-naphthol were inefficient substrates for pHLM. A series of human CYP isoforms was used to further explore the metabolism of dihydrodiol and 1-naphthol. 1,4-naphthoquinone and four minor unknown metabolites from 1-naphthol were observed, and 1A2 and 2D6*1 were identified as the most active isoforms for the production of 1,4-naphthoquinone. Dihydrodiol was metabolized by CYP isoforms to three minor unidentified metabolites with CYP3A4 and CYP2A6 having the greatest activity toward this substrate. The metabolism of dihydrodiol by CYP isoforms was lower than that of 1-naphthol. These studies identify primary and
Microscopic anatomy of the cardiac ganglion of Limulus polyphemus

The morphology of the cardiac ganglion of Limulus polyphemus (L) was examined by reconstructions from stained serial sections. This ganglion is composed of two distinct parts: a fiber tract extending the entire length of the heart and a cellular portion underlying the fiber tract. The cellular portion extends continuously from the third pair of ostia to the posterior terminus of the heart. The mean number of ganglion cell bodies is 231. Most of the ganglion cells are located among the glial elements of the cellular portion. The greatest density of cells is found in segments 5 and 6. Six cell types are recognized: (1) large pigmented unipolar cells approximately 120 μ in diameter with distinct connective tissue capsules around them; (2) large pigmented bipolar cells approximately 120 μ in length which are also encapsulated; (3) pigmented multipolar cells approximately 80 μ in diameter which are free of capsules; (4) small pigmented bipolar cells approximately 40 μ in length which are encapsulated but which are found exclusively within the fiber tract; (5) non‐pigmented multipolar cells approximately 30 μ in diameter which are found scattered among the connective tissue elements of the cellular portion; and (6) small non‐pigmented cells approximately 10 μ in diameter which are found within the unipolar cell capsule and scattered among the connective tissue elements of the ganglion.
Análise de desempenho de técnicas de multiplo acesso em redes de rádios cognitivos com sensoriamento imperfeito

Radio cognitivo e um novo paradigma no desenvolvimento de sistemas de comunicacao sem fios que permite o acesso dinâmico ao espectro eletromagnetico e e, portanto, forte candidato como solucao tecnologica para as redes do futuro. Nesses sistemas, os protocolos de multiplo acesso tem grande impacto no desempenho das redes, sendo responsaveis por organizar o acesso ao meio dos diferentes tipos de usuarios e evitar ou tornar a interferencia toleravel para os usuarios primarios. Neste trabalho analisa-se o desempenho, em termos da vazao e atraso medio de acesso, de uma rede de radios cognitivos que utiliza os protocolos Slotted Aloha e (CSMA -Carrier Sense Multiple Access). No estudo realizado, os resultados previamente apresentados na literatura, que consideram o impacto no desempenho da rede do efeito de captura e da taxa media de erro de pacote (PER– Packet Error Rate), sao estendidos para tambem considerar o sensoriamento imperfeito e diferentes niveis de potencia na rede cognitiva.
Colorectal cancer screening: clinical guidelines and rationale.

Evidence exists that reductions in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality can be achieved through detection and treatment of early-stage CRCs and the identification and removal of adenomatous polyps, the precursor to these cancers. An expert, multidisciplinary panel was convened to review this evidence and to produce recommendations to guide clinicians and the public in making decisions regarding CRC screening and surveillance. As part of its review, the panel also commissioned a simulation model that estimates and compares the clinical consequences (benefits and major complications) of each screening approach. This guideline report presents the panel’s recommendations with respect to screening and surveillance in people at average risk for CRC and those at increased risk because of a family history of CRC or genetic syndromes or a personal history of adenomatous polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, or curative-intent resection of CRC. The cost-effectiveness of potential screening strategies was taken into account when preparing the recommendations. A summary of the evidence on each screening test’s performance, effectiveness, frequency, complications, and patient acceptance is included. Also provided are suggestions for ways to increase compliance with the recommendations, questions for which additional research is needed, and the results of the simulation model on screening consequences.
SAFETY FACTORS OF TROPICAL VERSUS TEMPERATE LIMPET SHELLS: MULTIPLE SELECTION PRESSURES ON A SINGLE STRUCTURE

A comparison of the safety factors of tropical and temperate limpet shells in the eastern Pacific yielded two results of significance. A safety factor was defined as shell strength/maximum tenacity, where maximum tenacity (force required to detach foot) determines the maximum prying force that a crab or bird predator can exert on the shell. 1) On average, shell strength and foot tenacity for the tropical limpets were twice those for the temperate limpets. In contrast, the average safety factors for the two groups were approximately equal. This comparatively narrow range of safety factors was due to a highly significant association of greater shell strengths with greater foot tenacities. The implication of this result is that selection has acted to closely link the mechanical performances of these two rather independent structures, the shell and the foot. 2) The presence of an additional class of predators which feed on the tropical limpets was reflected in the safety factors of their shells. Whereas the shells of both tropical and temperate limpets are exposed to predator‐induced prying forces, the shells of the tropical group are also exposed to lateral crushing forces generated by fish predators. This additional selection pressure was associated with several deviations from a regression of safety factor versus variability in shell strength which had been calculated previously for the temperate limpets. As predicted, the magnitudes of these deviations were correlated with the degree of exposure to this additional selection pressure. Hence, the presence of more than one selection pressure appears to have influenced the precision with which the shells of these species have become adapted to a single selection pressure. The use of safety factor analysis provides a very useful methodology for identifying additional selection pressures or adaptive constraints on biological structures.
The effect of computerized tailored brief advice on at-risk drinking in subcritically injured trauma patients.

BACKGROUND One-third of injured patients treated in the emergency department (ED) have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Few are screened and receive counseling because ED staff have little time for additional tasks. We hypothesized that computer technology can screen and provide an intervention that reduces at-risk drinking (British Medical Association criteria) in injured ED patients. METHODS In all, 3,026 subcritically injured patients admitted to an ED were screened for an AUD using a laptop computer that administered the AUD Identification Test (AUDIT) and assessed motivation to reduce drinking. Patients with a positive AUDIT (n = 1,139) were randomized to an intervention (n = 563) or control (n = 576) condition. The computer generated a customized printout based on the patient's own alcohol use pattern, level of motivation, and personal factors, which was provided in the form of feedback and advice. RESULTS Most patients (85%) used the computer with minimal assistance. At study entry, a similar proportion in each group met criteria for at-risk drinking (49.6% versus 46.8%, p = 0.355). At 6 months, 21.7% of intervention and 30.4% of control patients met criteria for at-risk drinking (p = 0.008). Intervention patients also had a 35.7% decrease in alcohol intake, compared with a 20.5% decrease in controls (p = 0.006). At 12 months, alcohol intake decreased by 22.8% in the intervention group versus 10.9% in controls (p = 0.023), but the proportion of at-risk drinkers did not significantly differ (37.3% versus 42.6%, p = 0.168). CONCLUSIONS The computer-generated intervention was associated with a significant decrease in alcohol use and at-risk drinking. Research is needed to further evaluate and adapt information technology to provide preventive clinical services in the ED.
The 'blue eye' phenomenon

Diffuse clouding of the cornea ('corneal oedema', 'blue eye') of sudden onset and usually transient duration and with accompanying anterior uveitis, may be attributable to natural infection with canine adenovirus type 1 (CA-1) or to vaccination with live modified virus. It is now recognised that kerato-uveitis is a manifestation of type III hypersensitivity in which immune complex formation resulting from the release of virus, especially from infected corneal endothelial cells, brings about corneal endothelial damage and hence corneal oedema. A proportion of cases fail to resolve. At least one breed, the Afghan hound, appears to be particularly susceptible. The incidence of ocular lesions resulting from vaccination has stimulated the development of new vaccines incorporating canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), a serotype which has been shown not be cause endogenous ocular disease.
Quad-Band Probe-Fed Stacked Annular Patch Antenna for GNSS Applications

A novel probe-fed stacked annular patch antenna is proposed for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. The antenna has been designed to operate at the satellite navigation frequency bands including GPS, GLONASS, BDS-1, and BDS-2. In the design, four annular patches are stacked to achieve multiband operation and compactness. Quadrature phase feed network comprising four 90° stripline baluns is employed to ensure circularly polarized (CP) radiation. Another key feature of our design is the stepped-radius shorting pillar to reduce the well-known inductance due to longer feeding probes. The final antenna exhibits good impedance matching, broad pattern coverage, and pure CP performance at all designed bands. Details of design considerations and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Sensory integration dysfunction.

Approximately 15% of all children will experience some type of sensory integration dysfunction. This frequently interferes with the child's learning and subsequently may cause behavioral problems. Subtle signs can be manifested as early as the first day of life as well as throughout childhood. However, this problem is frequently missed until the child enters school and manifests learning or behavioral problems. Nurses need an understanding of this dysfunction so they can better recognize early signs and then refer parents to the best source of assistance before learning and behavioral problems develop.
Los estudiantes repetidores de una asignatura y la realimentación negativa: aspectos comparativos

Una asignatura puede considerarse como un sistema de produccion de conocimiento que tiene los mismos elementos que un sistema de control. Posee, por tanto, unos flujos de entrada y salida, asi como unos mecanismos de regulacion que aseguran que entre dichos flujos de entrada y de salida exista una cierta relacion estable. Esta relacion puede definirse mediante alguna funcion matematica, lineal o no, que rija o defina la transferencia entre los mencionados flujos de entrada y de salida.
Reversible flocculation of silica colloids in liquid mixtures.

We report some observations concerning the reversible flocculation of silica colloids in reentrant liquid mixtures of 3-methylpyridine plus water plus heavy water and 2,6-lutidine plus water. Our research involved a detailed determination of the line of flocculation temperatures for phase-separating as well as non-phase-separating mixtures. We find that the flocculation temperature is more influenced by the impurities in the suspension rather than the concentration and size of the spheres. For a fixed volume fraction and diameter of the colloids, we notice a close similarity between the dome of flocculation temperatures and the bulk-coexistence surface but with different amplitudes and exponents in each case.
Dedicated Hardware Architecture for Partially Mapped Crossover

This paper discusses new dedicated hardware architecture for partially mapped crossover (PMX). The proposed architecture introduces a new PMX algorithm which is suitable for hardware. It creates the matching-table using a register as preprocessing. The matching-table reduces the number of steps for comparison processing which is required in PMX algorithm. Thus, the proposed architecture requires only one clock cycle for the comparison processing, and achieves the high speed processing. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture achieved five times more high-speed processing than conventional PMX on average.
Characterization of cis-acting elements in light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the A subunit of chloroplast isozymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana

We have characterized cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (GapA) encoding the A subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results show that a 1.1-kb promoter fragment of the GapA gene is sufficient to confer light inducibility and organ specificity in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants, using the beta-glucuronidase gene of Escherichia coli as the reporter gene. Deletion analysis indicates that the -359 to -110 bp region of the GapA gene is necessary for light responsiveness. Within this region there are three copies of a decamer repeat (termed the Gap box) having the consensus sequence 5'-CAAATGAA(A/G)A-3', which has not been characterized in the promoter regions of other light-regulated genes. A deletion (to -247) producing loss of one copy of these elements from the GapA promoter reduces light induction by two- to threefold compared with a promoter deletion (to -359) with all three Gap boxes present, while deletion of all three Gap boxes (to -110) abolishes light induction completely. Gel mobility shift experiments using tobacco nuclei as the source of nuclear proteins show that GapA promoter fragments that contain these repeats bind strongly to a factor in the nuclear extract and that binding can be abolished by synthetic competitors consisting only of a monomer or dimer of the Gap box. Furthermore, a trimer, dimer, and monomer of the Gap box show binding activity and, like the authentic GapA promoter-derived probes, show binding activities that are correlated with Gap box copy number. These results strongly suggest that these repeats play important roles in light regulation of the GapA gene of A. thaliana.
When Is Information Sufficient for Action? Search with Unreliable yet Informative Intelligence

We analyze a variant of the whereabouts search problem, in which a searcher looks for a target hiding in one of n possible locations. Unlike in the classic version, our searcher does not pursue the target by actively moving from one location to the next. Instead, the searcher receives a stream of intelligence about the location of the target. At any time, the searcher can engage the location he thinks contains the target or wait for more intelligence. The searcher incurs costs when he engages the wrong location, based on insufficient intelligence, or waits too long in the hopes of gaining better situational awareness, which allows the target to either execute his plot or disappear. We formulate the searcher’s decision as an optimal stopping problem and establish conditions for optimally executing this search-and-interdict mission.
Osmotherapy: a call to arms.

Osmotherapy: A Call to Arms To the Editor: We read with interest the report by Bereczki and colleagues, 1 who failed to find evidence supporting the use of mannitol in acute stroke after a thorough search of the available medical literature. The authors found only one “unconfounded” randomized clinical trial evaluating mannitol in stroke. Not surprisingly, mannitol holds a preeminent position in the limited clinical armamentarium of neurological critical care, despite the virtual absence of well-designed studies addressing its role in stroke. The rationale of osmotherapy in brain ischemia is mainly inferred from two circumstances: (1) brain edema is intricately involved in cellular damage during ischemia and (2) the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains basically intact during the first few hours after the onset of ischemia. Perivascular glial edema occurs within minutes after the induction of ischemia and is followed by neuronal edema. 2 Due to the small pore size of cerebral endothelium, the BBB has a very low hydraulic conductivity, which limits the passage of small molecules and even restricts the permeability of water. 3 A hydrostatic pressure gradient across the BBB develops early after ischemia, leading to the accumulation of interstitial fluid.4 In addition, an osmotic gradient develops 3 to 6 hours after ischemia. 4 Nevertheless, experiments using Evans blue and Na-fluorescein fail to demonstrate leakage of dye into brain parenchyma, indicating that BBB remains intact during the initial phase of ischemia. 5
In vivo Raman spectroscopic identification of premalignant lesions in oral buccal mucosa

Abstract. Cancers of oral cavities are one of the most common malignancies in India and other south-Asian countries. Tobacco habits are the main etiological factors for oral cancer. Identification of premalignant lesions is required for improving survival rates related to oral cancer. Optical spectroscopy methods are projected as alternative/adjunct for cancer diagnosis. Earlier studies have demonstrated the feasibility of classifying normal, premalignant, and malignant oral ex-vivo tissues. We intend to evaluate potentials of Raman spectroscopy in detecting premalignant conditions. Spectra were recorded from premalignant patches, contralateral normal (opposite to tumor site), and cancerous sites of subjects with oral cancers and also from age-matched healthy subjects with and without tobacco habits. A total of 861 spectra from 104 subjects were recorded using a fiber-optic probe-coupled HE-785 Raman spectrometer. Spectral differences in the 1200- to 1800-cm−1 region were subjected to unsupervised principal component analysis and supervised linear discriminant analysis followed by validation with leave-one-out and an independent test data set. Results suggest that premalignant conditions can be objectively discriminated with both normal and cancerous sites as well as from healthy controls with and without tobacco habits. Findings of the study further support efficacy of Raman spectroscopic approaches in oral-cancer applications.
A soft-switching interleaved boost rectifier

A soft-switching single-phase high power factor interleaved boost rectifier is proposed in this paper. The proposed rectifier includes two identical boost rectifiers which are operated in interleaved operation mode to increase the output power and reduce the input ripple current and output capacitor size. The proposed rectifier uses a soft-switching auxiliary circuit to get the soft-switching function on main switches and auxiliary switches. Furthermore, the problem of switching losses and EMI can be improved. In the control strategy, the proposed rectifier uses the average current control mode to synthesize a stable sine-wave input current with low harmonics. A prototype has been implemented in laboratory to verify circuit theory.