Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ante Natal Care (ANC) seeking behavior among women living in an urban squatter settlement: results from an ethnographic study

Background : Pakistan’s population is estimated to be 160,943,000. It ranks third among the ten high burden countries and accounts for up to 7% of worldwide neonatal deaths. According to the Pakistan’s World Health Oganization (WHO 2010) health profile, only 28% of Pakistani women have used ante natal care services (4 plus visits), whilst 39% of reported births in Pakistan had used skilled birth attendant services, whereas 59% fell within the WHO’s regional average. There is also a significant disparity, reported by the WHO, in terms of inequity between the poor and the rich in the use of skilled birth attendant services: 16% and 77 % respectively. Objective : This ethnographic study explores the perceptions about the need for antenatal care (ANC) in a disadvantaged population in Pakistan. Method : This is an Ethnographic study which makes use of standard methods such as non-participant observation, semi structured interviews, and documentary review. Data was collected over 14 months and was analyzed thematically. Key informants assisted in understanding the community norms. Open ended answer options were used in the questionnaire. Setting : The community in this case was an urban squatter settlement by the name of Ghazi Goth, which is the neighborhood of the poor people. Results : We found that 41% of the women did not receive ANC because of lack of financial support. 33% said that family did not support the decision. In 43% of the cases, the husband was the decision maker regarding where the delivery of the baby should take place. 31% of the respondents also reported that their mother-inlaws were the decision makers for the baby’s delivery. Only 3% reported a self decision. Conclusions : This a qualitative study which helps explore perceptions and attitudes of women towards ANC, through contextual data. The study shows that denied access to ANC services is a result of lack of resources, limited mobility and cultural factors.
CAD-CAM all-ceramic fully sintered zirconia crowns for the oral rehabilitation of an amelogenesis imperfecta case

Purpose: To present a case report of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta rehabilitated with 26 CAD-CAM all-ceramic fully sintered zirconia crowns. Case description: A male subject, 28 year-old, sought dental treatment presenting a clinical condition compatible with amelogenesis imperfecta. All teeth had yellow, brown, and white areas of weak enamel. Composite restorations were present on teeth 14, 16, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 46; dental caries were shown on teeth 36, 37, and 47. Hipersensitivity was reported. The treatment included fully sintered zirconia crowns for all teeth, using a CAD-CAM system. No problems of marginal adaptation of the crowns were detected, and the final results were satisfactory for both the patient and the clinician. Conclusion: The clinical rehabilitation of an amelogenesis imperfecta case is a challenge, and a multidisciplinary approach is required. Zirconia all-ceramics crowns are an excellent option to restore dental aesthetics as the opaque zirconia coping can mask dischromic abutments, and the crowns have biocompatibility and improved physical properties.
Effects of Work Values on Job Choice Decisions

Work values have been receiving increased research attention. Ravlin, Meglino, and their associates have recently conceptualized and provided measurement of work values. Although the effects of work values on job satisfaction, commitment, and individual decision making have been studied, work values have not been explicitly linked to job choice decisions. Using a sample of professional degree students and a policy-capturing design, we examined the influence of organizational work values on job choice in the context of job attributes that have been shown to affect this decision process. Organizational work values significantly affected job choice decisions. Individuals were more likely to choose jobs whose value content was similar to their own value orientation. Values are intrinsic, enduring perspectives of what is fundamentally right or wrong (Rokeach, 1973). Work values represent these perspectives as applied to work settings. England (1967) suggested that individual value orientations affect how people behave on their jobs by demonstrating that managers with strong value orientations tended to act in accordance with what they thought was "right," whereas managers with more pragmatic orientations tended to behave in ways that they thought were "successful. " Among individual work values, the work ethic (the belief that work is desirable and rewarding in its own right; Weber, 1958) has received considerable research attention (e.g., Wollack, Goodale, Wijting, & Smith, 1971), and some have suggested that a deteriorating work ethic has negatively affected both the way people feel about their jobs and their commitment to their organizations (Spence, 1985). However, in addition to the work ethic, other individual value orientations have been applied to work settings. For example, Cornelius, Ullman, Meglino, Czajka, and McNeely (1985) used a critical incident technique to elicit the work values of almost 1,000 employees in a variety of organizations. Subsequent work by Ravlin and Meglino (1987) revealed that achievement, concern for others, honesty, and fairness were the most salient work values to individuals. Achievement is descriptive of concern for the advancement of one's career and might be operationalized by willingness to work hard, seeking opportunities to learn new skills, taking on additional responsibilities, or sacrificing personal gratification for work-related objectives. Concern for others is descriptive of a caring, compassionate demeanor and might be operationalized by helping others perform difficult jobs, encouraging
A recursive model for nonlinear spring-mass-damper estimation of a vehicle localized impact

In this paper, a recursive autoregressive model is presented to estimate modal parameters of the crash pulse recorded during a full-scale vehicle crash test. Those parameters can be further utilized to characterize a physical model, so called Maxwell model, which is composed of a serial spring-mass-damper model to simulate a vehicle crash event. Results produced by this viscoelastic system closely follow the reference vehicle's kinematics. Thanks to the application of nonlinear model's parameters estimated by RARMAX model it is possible to gain a closer insight into the nature of the vehicle collision. To evaluate the correctness of this methodology, the comparative analysis between the original vehicle's kinematics and behavior of a Maxwell model with the nonlinear parameters estimated by RARMAX model is presented.
Modeling and Simulation of a Selective Laser Foaming Process for Fabrication of Microliter Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Selective laser foaming is a novel process that combines solid-state foaming and laser ablation to fabricate an array of microliter tissue engineering scaffolds on a polymeric chip for biomedical applications. In this study, a finite element analysis (FEA) model is developed to investigate the effect of laser processing parameters. Experimental results with biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) were used for validation. It is found that foaming always occurs before ablation, and once it occurs, the temperature increases dramatically due to an enhanced laser absorption effect of the porous structure. The geometry of the fabricated scaffolds can be controlled by laser parameters. While the depth of scaffolds can be controlled by laser power and lasing time, the diameter is more effectively controlled by the laser power. The model developed in this study can be used to optimize and control the selective foaming process. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4037425]
Capturing moral economic context

Multiple economic experiments suggest that the moral context of consumption and/or production influences willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept. Precisely how this influence should be modeled from a theoretical perspective, however, remains understudied. The prevailing view is that moral context can be captured using an extended utility approach in which “morality” enters the utility function as any other attribute of value. However, in our view the literature does not yet suggest practical modeling strategies that yield testable hypotheses. We show herein that the state-dependent preference approach quite naturally enables modeling of the moral concerns registered in experimental settings.
The preservation of lime witches' broom phytoplasma in key lime by tissue culture

Witches’ broom disease of small-fruited lime (WBDL) is a severe disease associated with phytoplasmas in the south of Iran. In this study maintenance of WBDL phytoplasma in key lime (Citrus aurantifolia Christm) in micropropagation is reported. After the maintenance of tissue cultures in a growth chamber, symptoms of little leaves and shortening of internodes were observed in shoots from infected plants. Micropropagated shoots that developed in tissue culture were tested for the presence of phytoplasmas using the two phytoplasma-specific primers pair P1/P7 and P3/P7. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction confirms the presence of WBDL phytoplasmas in the diseased plants 10 months after the beginning of the in vitro propagation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on maintenance of lime witches’ broom phytoplasma in key lime shoots through tissue culture in Iran.
Is There Online Collective Identity within Social Bookmarking Systems

Social tagging systems attract researchers in information systems and social sciences because they offer an enormous quantity of user-generated annotations that reveal the interest of millions of people. In this paper, we develop two hypotheses around the idea of online collective identity. We present a model in which agents exchange practical and symbolic resources via opinion and frame networks. The results discussed in the paper come from the analysis of a sample of a sample of 3,668 users, 2,148 URLs and 4,776 tags from the Delicious classification system on the subject of globalization of agriculture. Our social network analysis has identified differences between networks that reflect different degrees of explicitness within the Delicious online community and it has provided an understanding of social bookmarking systems that was not previously available. This research is one of the first to apply information to the frame components in an attempt to establish the implicit links within these networks.
The influence of communication sources on perceived risk about purchasing online

In this paper we report on a qualitative study into the influence of personal and non-personal communication sources in creating, sustaining and/or mediating people's perceptions of risk about purchasing online. In terms of non-personal communication sources, our findings suggest that the popular media significantly influence both purchasers and nonpurchasers’ perceptions of risk about using the Web for purchasing. Despite these negative perceptions, those who have purchased online appear to pay little attention to change agent communications on websites, such as logos, icons and statements about secure payment systems, which are designed to alleviate these concerns. In terms of inter-personal communication sources, our findings suggest that while there is evidence that to some degree, friends or peers influenced the interviewees about purchasing online, the purchasers in our study indicated that they would not influence others to do the same. We conclude our paper with suggestions for future interpretive research into the influence of communication sources on acceptance of the Web for purchasing.
Challenges in Recognizing Arabic Characters

The area of character recognition has been receiving considerable attention by researchers all over the world in the last three decades. Many methods, algorithms and systems have been developed for recognizing Latin and Chinese characters. However, work on Arabic characters has been relatively sparse. The cursive nature of Arabic writing doesn't allow direct application of many of these algorithms applied on other languages. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive list of the characteristics of the Arabic characters, and to address the challenges posed by the nature of the characters. The paper ended with some concluding remarks and recommendations.
Atmospheric Water Vapor Transport in NCEP–NCAR Reanalyses: Comparison with River Discharge in the Central United States

Abstract The authors extract the water transport produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis for a 10-yr period, 1984–93, and compare its convergence into two river basins with an independent dataset, river discharge (streamflow). Analysis focuses on two basins in the United States, the Upper Mississippi and the Ohio–Tennessee Basins, where the relatively high density of routine upper-air observations might be expected to give the reanalysis its closest rendition of the actual water transport. Over periods of several years, water input by the atmosphere should match water output from these basins in streamflow. However, in both basins an imbalance between the two with biases with respect to streamflow approaching 40% is found. The accuracy attributed to river discharge measurements averaged over several years and the apparent lack of significant multiyear storage in the basins lead us to conclude that the bias is largely an inaccuracy in the atmospheric transport. Temporal var.
The Heat Kernel on Hyperbolic Space

The purpose of this note is to provide a new proof for the explicit formulas of the heat kernel on hyperbolic space. By definition, the hyperbolic space Hn is a (unique) simply connected complete n‐dimensional Riemannian manifold with a constant negative sectional curvature −1. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 58G32, 58G11.
A Concept of Forest Information System in Hyrcanian Forests Case Study: Kheiroud Forest

Now a day, Forestry managers tend to plan a comprehensive module for sustainable management of forest lands of Iran in order to achieve the aims of sustainable forest management due to concerns about large data volume, competition in acquiring information and data organizing/processing. In this work, we have designed the forest information system for Hyrcanian forests (Iran) for the first time; the system was experimentally planned for research/extension station of Kheiroud (Mazandaran prov.). Forest information system results from integrating spatial- and non- spatial data of various points of the forest land in data bank format. Conceptual data model was designed using Gee! Software based on the entity relationship, then planned at physical level under Access2007; non-spatial data entity relationship given in Access2007 also cover spatial data using Arc view 2.3a software. Finally, the work indicates a promising perspective resulting from systemic view over sustainable forest management emphasizing the advantages of planning forest information system as a way to future sustainable forest management compared with traditional method applied in forest lands at present.
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT PIPE AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBERS, VELOCITY STATISTICS AND LARGE SCALE MOTIONS

In recent years there has been a considerable research effort dedicated to turbulent pipe flow. Topics of interest are, amongst others, the scaling of near wall turbulent statistics and the existence of very large scale turbulent structures at higher Reynolds numbers. These structures have been observed experimentally in boundary layers, Hutchins & Marusic (2007) and pipes, Monty et al. (2007). Recently these structures have also been observed in moderate Reynolds number direct numerical simulations of channel and boundary layer flows. In this paper we will report on the simulation of turbulent pipe flow at bulk Reynolds numbers of 24600, 37500, and 75,000. The numerical grid (up to 7.6e9 grid nodes) is comparable to the grid used by Jimenez & Hoyas (2008) and should be sufficiently fine to resolve all scales. At high Reynolds numbers we observe some evidence of the aforementioned long scale structures.
Robust Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Dynamic Regulator for Trajectory Tracking of a Pendulum-Cart System

Starting from a nonlinear model for a pendulum-cart system, on which viscous friction is considered, a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy augmented model (TSFAM) as well as a TSFAM with uncertainty (TSFAMwU) is proposed. Since the design of a T-S fuzzy controller is based on the T-S fuzzy model of the nonlinear system, then, to address the trajectory tracking problem of the pendulum-cart system, three T-S fuzzy controllers are proposed via parallel distributed compensation: (1) a T-S fuzzy servo controller (TSFSC) designed from the TSFAM; (2) a robust TSFSC (RTSFSC) designed from the TSFAMwU; and (3) a robust T-S fuzzy dynamic regulator (RTSFDR) designed from the RTSFSC with the addition of a T-S fuzzy observer, which estimates cart and pendulum velocities. Both TSFAM and TSFAMwU are comprised of two fuzzy rules and designed via local approximation in fuzzy partition spaces technique. Feedback gains for the three fuzzy controllers are obtained via linear matrix inequalities approach. A swing-up controller is developed to swing the pendulum up from its pendant position to its upright position. Real-time experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, keeping the pendulum in its upright position while the cart follows a reference signal, standing out the RTSFDR.
Images of Breastfeeding on Instagram: Self-Representation, Publicness, and Privacy Management

As recent feminist studies have recognized, breastfeeding is an interesting area of investigation since it encompasses several social and cultural issues involving both the private and the public sphere. These range from how motherhood is lived and interpreted, the representation of the body, how children are reared, women’s self-representation, breastfeeding support, and maternal work. The article illustrates a qualitative analysis of a sample of Instagram images tagged with breastfeeding-related words, with the aim of analyzing how breastfeeding is represented and the relationship between private and public discourses. For this reason, images coming from both mothers and breastfeeding promoters were analyzed. The analysis shows that breastfeeding representation on Instagram confirms, and also goes beyond, the common image of breastfeeding a newborn, showing toddlers’ breastfeeding or mothers pumping breastmilk. It also shows that breastfeeding may be connected with a wider approach to parenthood, based on proximity, and that children are active subjects of the decisions taken. The research indicates that the relationship between public and private discourses is an overlapping of shades. On one hand, research results showed several strategies enacted by parents for protecting their children’s privacy; on the other hand, the functions of images posted veer between fixing a private moment and creating public discourses using specific hashtags aimed, for example, at normalizing public breastfeeding or offering new types of support. Instagram appears, then, as a platform where personal choices and beliefs can flow into public discourse and a place for investigating how public discourses and social and cultural issues (such as breastfeeding promotion and representation) shape the way that breastfeeding is lived.
Exploiting DHT's Properties to Improve the Scalability of Mesh Networks

Over the past few years, the IEEE 802.11 family of standards has become a dominant solution for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) due to its performance, low cost and fast deployment characteristics (Hartmann & Meister, 2008; Sgora, Vergados, & Chatzimisios, 2009). The rapid growth of both Internet and wireless communications, create an increasing demand for wireless broadband access and higher data rates (Jiang et al., 2006). In this context, Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) concept appears as a promising solution for wireless environments, due to its characteristics, and fields of application (Farkas & Plattner, 2005). Akyildiz et al. (2005) gives numerous application examples for WMNs, which goes from simple communication environments as broadband home networking, community and neighborhood networks, enterprise networking, building automation, to more complex environments as industrial networks, disaster recovery networks, public safety and many others. In order to cope with all requirements from these applications, one of the most important characteristics is the scalability. A WMN that does not scale well has limited usefulness. This is the case of traditional IEEE 802.11-based mesh networks, which offers limited scalability, caused mostly by the underlying IEEE 802.11 mechanisms and multi-hop communication issues. This characteristic makes it a questionable candidate for large-scale network deployments. In fact, scalability is a well-known issue in multi-hop networking, not only WMNs. Studying the scalability of this type of network is important as WMNs tend to be deployed over large areas and hence the self-organization property may gather a large number of stations whitin the same mesh network. Basically, the lack of network scalability means that when the size of the network increases, its performance behavior may significantly degrade1. In such a case, traditional routing protocols may not be able to find paths and MAC protocols may manifest high delays. Seeking for more scalable solutions, researchers have looked to scalable mechanisms created for Peerto-Peer (P2P) systems, such as the Distributed Hash Table (DHT). Originally designed to create an overlay network that allow more scalable and faster to search and to recover information over the P2P systems, now its use is proposed to increase the network scalability and speed up the overall network performance. Galán-Jiménez & Gazo-Cervero (2011) presented an interesting survey on the use of overlay networks. The authors emphasize the following properties of overlay networks:
Robust High-Gain Observers Based Liquid Levels and Leakage Flow Rate Estimation

The paper aims to solve the problem of liquid level and leakage flow rate estimations for a state coupled four-tank process, that is why an UIO is developed to simultaneously estimate the unmeasured state variables and the perturbations considered as unknown inputs. We have proposed a state repartition that allows putting the model of the quadruple tank system to the canonical form for which the design of the observer is more easier. The observation scheme that uses a combination of high-gain observers and sliding mode observers allows improving robustness in the state estimation quality and a perfect reconstruction of the disturbance waveforms.