Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A matter of meters: state of the art in the life cycle assessment of enhanced geothermal systems

This work presents a review of the studies applying life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies to evaluate the environmental performance of enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs). Due to the scarcity of commercially installed EGS power plants such studies are rare and usually represent very site-specific conditions and plant characteristics. A detailed inspection of the outcome of these studies shows that the major environmental impacts of the investigated EGS plants are caused by the drilling of geothermal wells during construction. However, recent developments in environmentally friendly drilling technologies, which up to now have only marginally been considered in LCA studies, will provide opportunities to reduce the impact by drilling. Our analysis reveals that the use of electricity from a grid instead of diesel to drive the drilling rigs can improve the environmental performance of EGS plants significantly, provided that the employed electricity is supplied by environmentally friendly technologies. The largest share of uncertainty in the LCA of EGS plants is consequently linked to the incalculable number of boreholes that need to be drilled during the life-time of the plant in order to sustain efficient power production. From the LCA perspective, however, the power needed to drill these additional boreholes can be subtracted directly from the power production of the EGS plant. Under this presumption the examination of greenhouse gas emissions of EGS plants as a function of drilled borehole meters shows that even EGS plants with a large number of deep wells can be competitive in terms of environmental effects compared to conventional energy technologies. When predictions of technological improvements in geothermal drilling and plant design are taken into account, future EGS power plants are prone to have the potential to perform environmentally better than most other renewable energy technologies.
Polydopamine nanoparticles doped in liquid crystal elastomers for producing dynamic 3D structures

Achieving 3D structures that can be reversibly formed from dry 2D polymer films is useful for the development of suitable smart materials capable of converting an external stimulus into a mechanical response. For the construction of dynamic 3D structures, carbon nanotubes dispersed in liquid crystalline vitrimers constitute so far one of the few available materials that can show robust reconfiguration, easy repair, and low-temperature resistance. However, the severe aggregation of carbon nanotubes causes defects in the materials formed and incurs additional costs. Here, we show that organic polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles can well replace carbon nanotubes to make suitable liquid crystalline vitrimers for the construction of dynamic 3D structures. We were able to disperse the PDA nanoparticles homogenously into the polymer matrix without carrying out any surface modification and without using any dispersant or sonication, which are required procedures for dispersing almost all inorganic nanoparticles into a polymer matrix. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the liquid crystalline vitrimer were found to be greatly improved. Using this composite, we also showed here a new method to achieve light-controlled 3D deformation into static structures.
Assessment of CO
 2
 capture technologies for CO
 2
 utilization in enhanced oil recovery

: CO 2 capture is considered to be a viable means of reducing the harmful environmental impacts of the fossil fuel usage. The net cost of CO 2 capture can be reduced and, consequently, the adoption of CO 2 capture methods can be enhanced by developing revenue streams for the captured CO 2 . Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which is the process of withdrawing crude from oil reservoirs after primary and secondary withdrawal, is viewed as an attractive means of CO 2 utilization. The EOR process has the capacity to take large volumes of CO 2 captured from power plants and use them for the production of incremental oil. The process which is known as CO 2 -EOR has synergistic benefits for the oil and gas and power generation industries. Different CO 2 capture technologies are currently being used and their suitability of supplying captured CO 2 for utilization in EOR may not be similar. This study analyzes the ease of utilization of CO 2 captured from power plants in EOR applications. The analysis is done by comparing different capture technologies in terms of cost and purity of CO 2 captured and their suitability of integration with the EOR. The results determine that the post-combustion CO 2 capture is the most EOR friendly technique in terms of CO 2 stream purity, while the chemical looping combustion (CLC) is the most EOR amenable in terms of the capture cost. The results show that the CO 2 capture efforts from power plants using CLC can be fully covered by additional oil revenue at oil prices above $27.9 per barrel ($175.5/m 3 ). © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mind The Gap! The Role of Political Identity and Attitudes in the Emergence of Belief Gaps

To more fully understand the belief gap hypothesis, this study examines the effect of political identity, education, and partisan media consumption on the formation of attitudes and false beliefs. Using a two-wave, nationally representative online survey of the U.S., we assess people’s attitudes and beliefs toward climate change, on the one hand, and Syrian refugees, on the other. Building on previous studies, we demonstrate that the effect of one’s political identity on attitudes and false beliefs is contingent upon education, which appears to widen the belief gap in consort with political identity.
KOMBINASI TERAPI AUTO STRETCHING DAN ECCENTRIC STRETCHING UNTUK MENURUNKAN DISABILITAS SENDI BAHU PADA TENDINITIS SUPRASPINATUS

Background : Supraspinatus tendinitis is a inflammation on the supraspinatus tendon because tendon friction in the shoulder bone which is a subacromal narrowing. Objective : This study is intended to prove the impairment of shoulder joint caused of supraspinatus tendinitis by administering a combination of auto stretching and better eccentric stretching from auto stretching and ultrasound. Methods : This study used an experimental design with pre-test design and post-test group. Subjects 28 people with supraspinatus tendinitis. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, ie group I of 14 patients were given a combination of automatic stretch therapy and eccentric stretching 3 times a week for 1 month, while group II of 14 patients were given combination of auto stretching and ultrasound therapy, 3 times a week for 1 month. The measurement of disability degradation test using shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). Data were analyzed using statistical program for social science (SPSS). Result : Statistical test of paired sample t-test in group I and II obtained p= 0.001 where (p <0,05) There was a decrease of disability. Significant amounts in group I and group II. The result of post-post comparative test with independent t-test shows the value of p = 0,003 (p <0,05). Conclution : The analysis can recognize that there is a significant difference between the two, which is the automatic stretching and better eccentric stretching of automatic stretching and ultrasound in reducing the disability of the shoulder joint due to supraspinatus tendinitis.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Nibrin in Epithelial Dysplasia and OSCC: A Cross-Sectional Study

Inherited defect in DNA repair capability is the fundamental problem causing mutations to be passed on to new generation of cells leading to cancer. The NBS1/Nibrin/p95 belongs to the family of the DNA double-strand break repair complex (hMre11 complex) which is a transcript of the mutated NBS gene, located on human chromosome 8q21 The protein complex containing nibrin binds to the edges of the DNA double-stranded break causing defective repair process. Nibrin also activates various signaling cascades such as; phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases PI3-kinase/Akt triggering the oncogenic process. Original Research Article Abidi et al.; JAMMR, 33(6): 42-48, 2021; Article no.JAMMR. 66873 43 Aims: The purpose of this research was to aid in the diagnosis of oral cancer and dysplastic lesions in Karachi population. Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. All samples were recruited for the study after obtaining written informed consent from patients and seeking ethical approval from Ethic Review Committee Ziauddin University (Reference Code: 0330618FAOM), Karachi Pakistan. Place and Duration of Study: Ziauddin hospital north Nazimabad Karachi, November 2018 to September 2019. Methodology: Expression of Nibrin (NBS1) was evaluated by Immunohistochemistry on dysplasia and OSCC biopsies by H-Score method. The tumor was graded by broder system. Immunohistochemical analysis for nibrin was performed on the tumor block. Mean, frequency, percentages were calculated for quantitative variables, chi square was used for qualitative variables. A value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: 92% OSCC cases were positive for Nibrin while 80% of oral dysplasia revealed Nibrin expression. This accounts for significant statistical association of Nibrin with OSCC (0.012*) and dysplasia (0.001*). Unfortunately, apart from moderaterly histological differentiation (0.012) none of these clinicopathological parameters showed statistical significance. Conclusion: We conclude that a Nibrin protein showed overexpression among 92% of OSCC patients out of total 100 cases and in 80% out of 30 cases of dysplasia so the association of histological grading with expression of Nibrin was significant and expression of Nibrin intensity with histological grading was significant as well. Our study suggests that this expression of Nibrin may be used as a diagnostic marker for potential OSCC patients.
Can we reduce oxidative stress with liver transplantation?

Background The aim of this study was to determine the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood serum of patients with cirrhosis and liver transplantation. Methods In this study, serum malondialdehyde acid (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured spectrophotometrically and compared to the results of the healthy control group. Results SOD, CAT and GSH activities were significantly decreased in the patient groups compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). MDA levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the healthy control group (p <0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, this study demonstrated that oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of liver cirrhosis and in liver transplantation. This study is the first one to show how MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH levels change in liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation, while further studies are essential to investigate antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress status in patients with cirrhosis and liver transplantation.
Dark matter haloes of massive elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 are well described by the Navarro–Frenk–White profile

We investigate the internal structure of elliptical galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 from a joint lensing–dynamics analysis. We model Hubble Space Telescope images of a sample of 23 galaxy–galaxy lenses selected from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) survey. Whereas the original SLACS analysis estimated the logarithmic slopes by combining the kinematics with the imaging data, we estimate the logarithmic slopes only from the imaging data. We find that the distribution of the lensing-only logarithmic slopes has a median 2.08c ± 0.03 and intrinsic scatter 0.13 ± 0.02, consistent with the original SLACS analysis. We combine the lensing constraints with the stellar kinematics and weak lensing measurements, and constrain the amount of adiabatic contraction in the dark matter (DM) haloes. We find that the DM haloes are well described by a standard Navarro–Frenk–White halo with no contraction on average for both of a constant stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L) model and a stellar M/L gradient model. For the M/L gradient model, we find that most galaxies are consistent with no M/L gradient. Comparison of our inferred stellar masses with those obtained from the stellar population synthesis method supports a heavy initial mass function (IMF) such as the Salpeter IMF. We discuss our results in the context of previous observations and simulations, and argue that our result is consistent with a scenario in which active galactic nucleus feedback counteracts the baryonic-cooling-driven contraction in the DM haloes.
Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Service Among Nurses in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Cervical cancer is a preventable cause of death among women especially in developing nations which can be prevented through regular and timely screening. Nurses who are assume to be knowledgeable about cervical cancer screening options and ought to act as leading examples in utilization of cervical cancer screening services, however studies have documented otherwise, The purpose of this study therefore, is to evaluate the Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Service among Nurses in Ekiti State, as little literary study have been done on the topic among nurses in the setting. A mixed method design study was conducted in four health facilities that were purposively selected in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 278 consenting nurses participated in the study. Data were collected using self- structured questionnaire and interview guide. Data were analyzed using chi square and Student's t-test at p = 0.05. Nurses’ mean age was 35 years with average work experience of 10 years. Results from the study shows that a preponderance of the nurses which stood at 75.8% had never been screened for cervical cancer while only 24.2 have been screened and 90.6% willing to be screened if given the opportunity. It was observed that Nurses’ avoid cervical screening exercise as a result of the following; lack of time, fear of positive result, embarrassment of exposing the vulva to the opposite sex, cost implication and spiritual assurance that they can never be a victim of cervical cancer. Also 164 (59.2%) of the participants had adequate knowledge about cervical cancer screening, while slightly more than half 143 (51.6%) of the respondent had positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening, There was also a significant association between years of professional practice and utilization of cervical cancer screening service as p value was 0.003 This implies that participants who had longer years of professional experience are more likely to utilize cervical cancer screening services than those who had shorter years of professional experience. Therefore, the null-hypothesis was rejected. it was also noted that participants’ level of academic education did not determine whether or not their attitude was positive or negative as the p value gotten was 0.544 The null-hypothesis was not rejected. It was concluded that nurse’s utilisation rate was very low. Thus, regular educational programs on cervical cancer, government and hospital management should make policies that will encourage utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses are recommended.
The Topological Distribution of the Chromocenter in Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister) Malpighian Tubule Cells Examined by Confocal Microscopy

Summary Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister) and Triatoma infestans (Klug), blood-sucking hemipterans in the Reduviidae family, are vectors of Chagas disease. Both species exhibit holocentric chromosomes and conspicuous heterochromatin bodies (chromocenters), but they diﬀer in chromosome number and chromocenter structure and composition patterns. In the Malpighian tubule cells of T . infestans , the chromocenters are positioned close to the nuclear periphery throughout the life of the insect, with no apparent association with overall gene silencing. Because chromocenter topology may vary in diﬀerent species of the same genus and the spatial distribution pattern of the chromocenter of P. megistus has not yet been described, we used confocal microscopy to evaluate the spatial organization of this heterochromatic body in the Malpighian tubule cells of this species during nymphal development and in the adult phase compared to data reported for T. infestans . Despite the dif-ferences in chromocenter composition, structural pattern, and size between P. megistus and T. infestans , the chromocenter of P. megistus nymphs and adults, similar to those of T. infestans , was found to occupy a nonincidental position close to the nuclear periphery. The topological pattern observed at the chromocenter of P. megistus , which is consistent with the previous report of highly concentrated dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 residues at the nuclear periphery was not found to be directly related to gene silencing or modulation.
Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Prophylaxis and Therapy

Graft-versus host disease is one of the major causes of death in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Major contributing factors to severity of graft-versus host disease include HLA mismatch, conditioning regimen intensity, age of donor and recipient, source of stem cell, and donor type. Strategies and clinical trials are ongoing to reduce the incidence of graft-versus host disease, and to improve on the survival outcome of patients with graft-versus host disease, Research efforts continue to develop new ways of identification, prevention, and treatment for graft versus host disease. In addition, efforts are also being made to incorporate biomarker for the early detection of graft versus host disease. In addition, strategies utilizing monoclonal antibodies and cytokines are being tested as potential therapeutic options. Here we provide evidence for recommended regimens for graft versus host disease, prophylaxis and treatment.
Spray and combustion of waste cooking oil biodiesel in a compression-ignition engine

An experimental study was carried out to compare the spray and combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel with those of conventional diesel in a common-rail direct-injection compression-ignition engine. The indicated mean effective pressure of approximately 0.7 MPa was tested under an engine speed of 800 r/min. The fuels were injected at an injection timing of −5 crank angle degree after top dead center with injection pressures of 80 and 160 MPa. The experiments were performed to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics in a metal engine, while spray and combustion flame characteristics in an optical engine. The morphological and compositional features of particulate matter were also analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The direct imaging of the spray indicated a longer injection delay for waste cooking oil biodiesel. However, it exhibited longer liquid penetration length and narrower spray angle than diesel as the spray developed. Waste cooking oil biodiesel combustion showed a longer ignition delay with a slightly lower peak of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate than diesel due to the deteriorated atomization and evaporation of fuel spray. In terms of emission, waste cooking oil biodiesel showed benefits in reduction of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and particulate matter emissions. The particulate matter from waste cooking oil biodiesel was composed of smaller primary particles and more volatile organic fraction than diesel soot. The combustion flame imaging verified the retarded combustion phase of waste cooking oil biodiesel. Waste cooking oil biodiesel combustion showed lower flame luminosity accompanied by shorter visible flame duration, at both injection pressures. The flame spatial fluctuation and flame nonhomogeneity were also lower for waste cooking oil biodiesel.
Amplified charge transfer for anionic redox probes through oriented mesoporous silica thin films

Diffusion of anionic species through ordered mesoporous silica films is considerably restricted due to electrostatic repulsion by the negatively charged silica surface and this effect is even worse in low ionic strength media (owing to Donnan exclusion effects). This is at the origin of the poor electrochemical response of anionic redox probes at electrodes modified with such mesoporous thin films. Here, by using indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrodes covered with vertically aligned mesoporous silica films generated by electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA), we show that charge transfer for anionic redox probes [i.e. Fe(CN)63−/4−] can be dramatically amplified by using a neutral [ferrocene dimethanol, Fc(MeOH)2] or cationic [(Ru(NH3)63+] redox mediator. This has been observed by cyclic voltammetry, showing current enhancement in the presence of the mediator, which acts as a mobile electron shuttle between the charge-excluded Fe(CN)63−/4− species from the mesoporous silica film and the underlying ITO surface owing to the ability of the mediator species to diffuse freely through the oriented mesopore channels. This behavior was significantly affected by the relative contents of Fe(CN)63−/4− probe to Fc(MeOH)2 mediator, the potential scan rate, and the supporting electrolyte concentration. The most effective improvements were reached at low Fe(CN)63−/4− concentration, high mediator content, low potential scan rate, and low ionic strength.
Checkpoint Control of DNA Repair in Yeast

Budding yeast has been a model organism for understanding how DNA damage is repaired and how cells minimize genetic instability caused by arresting or delaying the cell cycle at well-defined checkpoints. However, many DNA damage insults are tolerated by mechanisms that can both be error-prone and error-free. The mechanisms that tolerate DNA damage and promote cell division are less well-understood. This review summarizes current information known about the checkpoint response to agents that elicit both the G2/M checkpoint and the intra-S phase checkpoint and how cells adapt to unrepaired DNA damage. Tolerance to particular bulky DNA adducts and radiomimetic agents are discussed, as well as possible mechanisms that may control phosphatases that deactivate phosphorylated proteins.
Flexible Semantic Network Structure Supports the Production of Creative Metaphor

ABSTRACT Metaphors are a common way to express creative language, yet the cognitive basis of figurative language production remains poorly understood. Previous studies found that higher creative individuals can better comprehend novel metaphors, potentially due to a more flexible semantic memory network structure conducive to remote conceptual combination. The present study extends this domain to creative metaphor production and examined whether the ability to produce creative metaphors is related to variation in the structure of semantic memory. Participants completed a creative metaphor production task and two verbal fluency tasks. They were divided into two equal groups based on their creative metaphor production score. The semantic networks of these two groups were estimated and analyzed based on their verbal fluency responses using a computational network science approach. Results revealed that the semantic networks of high-metaphor producing individuals were more flexible, clustered, and less rigid than that of the low-metaphor producing individuals. Importantly, these results replicated across both semantic categories. The findings provide the first evidence that a flexible, clustered, and less rigid semantic memory structure relates to people’s ability to produce figurative language, extending the growing literature on the role of semantic networks in creativity to the domain of metaphor production.