Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and Dynamics of Single-isoform Recombinant Neuronal Human Tubulin*♦

Microtubules are polymers that cycle stochastically between polymerization and depolymerization, i.e. they exhibit “dynamic instability. ” This behavior is crucial for cell division, motility, and differentiation. Although studies in the last decade have made fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of how cellular effectors modulate microtubule dynamics, analysis of the relationship between tubulin sequence, structure, and dynamics has been held back by a lack of dynamics measurements with and structural characterization of homogeneous isotypically pure engineered tubulin. Here, we report for the first time the cryo-EM structure and in vitro dynamics parameters of recombinant isotypically pure human tubulin. α1A/βIII is a purely neuronal tubulin isoform. The 4.2-Å structure of post-translationally unmodified human α1A/βIII microtubules shows overall similarity to that of heterogeneous brain microtubules, but it is distinguished by subtle differences at polymerization interfaces, which are hot spots for sequence divergence between tubulin isoforms. In vitro dynamics assays show that, like mosaic brain microtubules, recombinant homogeneous microtubules undergo dynamic instability, but they polymerize slower and have fewer catastrophes. Interestingly, we find that epitaxial growth of α1A/βIII microtubules from heterogeneous brain seeds is inefficient but can be fully rescued by incorporating as little as 5% of brain tubulin into the homogeneous α1A/βIII lattice. Our study establishes a system to examine the structure and dynamics of mammalian microtubules with well defined tubulin species and is a first and necessary step toward uncovering how tubulin genetic and chemical diversity is exploited to modulate intrinsic microtubule dynamics.
E-learning en la educación médica

Con el advenimiento de las tecnologias de informacion y comunicacion se favorecio el desarrollo de experiencias academicas con e-learning en medicina. Con las herramientas tecnologicas de la web 2.0 y en la nube se promovio una participacion mas activa de los estudiantes y los profesionales medicos en los procesos de formacion a traves de diversos escenarios educativos bajo esta modalidad. A traves de la integracion de contenidos interactivos, realidad virtual, videoconferencias, contenidos digitales, recursos web combinados, la sincronia y asincronia y el acceso a los recursos y materiales mediante software multiplataforma se superan las barreras de la distancia y el tiempo en una formacion profesional, continua y para toda la vida. Diversas han sido las experiencias de su uso en medicina tanto en el pregrado como en el posgrado, y se cuenta con casos de exito en su implementacion. El proposito del presente articulo es reflexionar sobre las implicaciones del uso del e-learning en la educacion medica considerando los pros y contras de su aplicacion
Directed evolution of an esterase for the stereoselective resolution of a key intermediate in the synthesis of epothilones.

The directed evolution of an esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens using the mutator strain Epicurian coli XL1-Red was investigated. Mutants were assayed for their ability to hydrolyze a sterically hindered 3-hydroxy ester, which can serve as a building block in the synthesis of epothilones. Screening was performed by plating esterase producing colonies derived from mutation cycles onto minimal media agar plates containing indicator substances (neutral red and crystal violet). Esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the 3-hydroxy ester (ethyl or glycerol ester) was detected by the formation of a red color due to a pH decrease caused by the released acid. Esterases isolated from positive clones were used in preparative biotransformations of the ethyl ester. One variant containing two mutations (A209D and L181V) stereoselectively hydrolyzed the ethyl ester resulting in 25% ee for the remaining ester.
Social media opinion analysis for Indian political diplomats

The advent of social media and the rapid development of mobile communication technologies have dramatically changed the way to express the feeling, attitude, mood, passion etc. People often express their reactions, fancies and predilections through social media by means of short texts of epigrammatic nature rather than writing long text. Many micro blogging services like Twitter enable people to share and discuss their thoughts and views in the form of short texts without being constrained by space and time. Millions of tweets are generated each day on multifarious issues. Sentiments or opinions for diverse issues have been observed as an important dimension which characterizes human behaviour. Public frequently articulate their opinions towards various issues. In an effort to gain insights from people's point of views, this paper applies text mining on tweets generated on Τwitter sites for two famous Indian political diplomats: Arvind Kejriwal and Narendra Modi. The results reveal value of this competitive study and how these diplomats could deal with their political affairs in a better way and identify areas where they need to take a better step into. This study could really help these diplomats to improve their political strategies.
Histone H3 Lysine 56 Acetylation and the Response to DNA Replication Fork Damage

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56ac) occurs in newly synthesized histones that are deposited throughout the genome during DNA replication. Defects in H3K56ac sensitize cells to genotoxic agents, suggesting that this modification plays an important role in the DNA damage response. However, the links between histone acetylation, the nascent chromatin structure, and the DNA damage response are poorly understood. Here we report that cells devoid of H3K56ac are sensitive to DNA damage sustained during transient exposure to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or camptothecin but are only mildly affected by hydroxyurea. We demonstrate that, after exposure to MMS, H3K56ac-deficient cells cannot complete DNA replication and eventually segregate chromosomes with intranuclear foci containing the recombination protein Rad52. In addition, we provide evidence that these phenotypes are not due to defects in base excision repair, defects in DNA damage tolerance, or a lack of Rad51 loading at sites of DNA damage. Our results argue that the acute sensitivity of H3K56ac-deficient cells to MMS and camptothecin stems from a failure to complete the repair of specific types of DNA lesions by recombination and/or from defects in the completion of DNA replication.
Simulation de spécifications d'applications de gestion de réseaux de télécommunications. (Simulation of management applications specifications of telecommunication networks)

La complexite des reseaux de telecommunications et des applications qui les gerent a conduit a la definition de plusieurs modeles de gestion tels OSI, ODP, etc. La simulation des specifications des applications permet de valider et de mettre au point leurs fonctions et leurs architectures avant la phase d'implantation. Dans cette these, nous nous sommes interesses plus particulierement a la validation de la dynamique des applications (egalement appelee comportement), et donc a la modelisation de cette derniere. La technique de formalisation des comportements que nous avons etudiee permet d'etendre les langages de specifications existants en integrant le schema classique d'invariants et de couples de pre/post-conditions definis par un langage d'assertions simple. La simulation des specifications d'une application doit permettre de definir ses etats successifs. Cependant, l'ambiguite des assertions peut engendrer une explosion combinatoire dans le test de toutes les successions d'etats possibles. Le but de cette these n'est pas de traiter les ambiguites mais de mettre en evidence les parties non ambigues des assertions ceci afin de faciliter la simulation. Pour cela, nous avons introduit dans les langages d'assertions un predicat integrant du determinisme explicite. Nous avons mis en oeuvre notre solution dans le langage Q-GDMO-GRM, langage de specifications du point de vue information du modele TINA (application du modele ODP pour les telecommunications). Nous avons developpe le simulateur QG2S prenant en compte la semantique operationnelle relative au determinisme explicite presente dans cette these.
A modified DBSCAN clustering algorithm for proactive detection of DDoS attacks

In this paper, an exact and proactive technique is created to distinguish Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. This is achieved by using an entropy concept to measure abnormal traffic changes according to the phases of the attack. This traffic is then clustered by using a modified DBSCAN algorithm, and the centroids for the resulting clusters are then used as patterns for efficient distance-based classification to detect DDoS attacks. The experimental results showed that the classification based on DBSCAN centroids achieved accuracy of more than (98%). This system is characterized by processing and analyzing high-speed network traffic (by using entropy), discovering and accurately identifying types of DDoS attacks to reduce false alarms, and early detecting DDoS attacks in real time.
In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Salsola oppositifolia Desf. (Amaranthaceae) in a Panel of Tumour Cell Lines

The aim of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the in vitro cytotoxic activity of fractions and isolated flavonols from Salsola oppositifolia Desf. (Amaranthaceae). The nhexane fraction demonstrated an effective cytotoxic activity on the large lung carcinoma and amelanotic melanoma cell lines with IC50 values of 19.1 μg/ml and 24.4 μg/ml, respectively. Also the dichloromethane fraction exhibited cytotoxic activity against COR-L23 (IC50 30.4 μg/ml) and C32 (IC50 33.2 μg/ml) cells, while the EtOAc fraction demonstrated a selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 67.9 μg/ml). The major active constituents of this fraction were isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (1) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), which showed an interesting activity against the cell line MCF-7 with IC50 values of 18.2 and 25.2 μg/ml, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited a strong activity against the hormonedependent prostate carcinoma LNCaP cell line with an IC50 of 20.5 μg/ml. Constituents of S. oppositifolia were identified by GC-MS and NMR analyses.
All Grounded Passive Elements Current-Mode All-Pass Filter

In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) all-pass filter employing two Dual-Output Second-Generation Current Conveyors (DO–CCIIs), one grounded resistor and one grounded capacitor is presented. The proposed circuit exhibits low input impedance and high output impedance, which makes it suitable for cascading. Moreover, adding two extra resistors to the proposed circuit, a new gain-variable voltage-mode (VM) all-pass filter is obtained. A quadrature oscillator employing minimum number of grounded passive components is derived from the developed CM filter as an application of the first-order all-pass filter. Both of the proposed all-pass filters do not require matching of passive components. The effects of the parasitic impedances of the DO–CCIIs on the transfer function (TF) of the proposed CM filter as an example are investigated. In addition, the proposed CM all-pass filter and oscillator circuit are simulated using SPICE simulation program to confirm the theory.
Men of Low Socio-Economic and Educational Level Possess Pronounced Deficient Knowledge About the Risk Factors Related to Coronary Heart Disease

Background The aim of the present study was to determine whether certain background factors such as gender, education and social status were associated with an individual's knowledge of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Design A questionnaire survey. Methods A questionnaire survey designed to evaluate participants’ general knowledge about the risk factors for CHD was used. A total of 1011 50-year-old individuals (457 men and 554 women) from 34 Health Care Centers participated in the study. Results Knowledge about CHD risk factors was significantly poorer in men than in women. Low education and low socio-economic status were other factors related to poor knowledge of CHD risk factors. Conclusion This study showed that men with low educational level and low socio-economic status had inadequate information about the risk factors involved in CHD.
Incorporating evolutionary processes into population viability models

We examined how ecological and evolutionary (eco‐evo) processes in population dynamics could be better integrated into population viability analysis (PVA). Complementary advances in computation and population genomics can be combined into an eco‐evo PVA to offer powerful new approaches to understand the influence of evolutionary processes on population persistence. We developed the mechanistic basis of an eco‐evo PVA using individual‐based models with individual‐level genotype tracking and dynamic genotype–phenotype mapping to model emergent population‐level effects, such as local adaptation and genetic rescue. We then outline how genomics can allow or improve parameter estimation for PVA models by providing genotypic information at large numbers of loci for neutral and functional genome regions. As climate change and other threatening processes increase in rate and scale, eco‐evo PVAs will become essential research tools to evaluate the effects of adaptive potential, evolutionary rescue, and locally adapted traits on persistence.
Effective Removal of Cryptosporidium by a Novel Bioflocculant

Extracellular biopolymer produced from Klebsiella terrigena was found to have excellent flocculating ability over a wide range of colloid particles (0.5 to 25μ). The biopolymer was thermostable, with an optimum temperature for flocculation of 30°C. Analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT‐IR) shows that the biopolymer mainly possesses hydroxyl, carboxyl, and methoxyl groups, with neutral sugar and uronic acid as its major and minor components, and the structure of a polysaccharide. The average molecular weight of the biopolymer was greater than 2 × 10 3 kilodalton (KDa), as determined by gel permeation chromatography. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a porous morphology of the biopolymer. At a dosage of 2 mg/L, the purified biopolymer could remove 62.3% of Cryptosporidium oocysts (1 × 10 6) spiked in tap water samples. Calcium (5mM) was required for effective removal. The removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium oocysts by the biopolymer remained unaltered over a pH range of 6 to 8. The results of this study indicates a possible utility of the Klebsiella terrigena biopolymer as an alternative to typically used chemical flocculants for removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water.
Inferring MicroRNA-Disease Associations by Random Walk on a Heterogeneous Network with Multiple Data Sources

Since the discovery of the regulatory function of microRNA (miRNA), increased attention has focused on identifying the relationship between miRNA and disease. It has been suggested that computational method is an efficient way to identify potential disease-related miRNAs for further confirmation using biological experiments. In this paper, we first highlighted three limitations commonly associated with previous computational methods. To resolve these limitations, we established disease similarity subnetwork and miRNA similarity subnetwork by integrating multiple data sources, where the disease similarity is composed of disease semantic similarity and disease functional similarity, and the miRNA similarity is calculated using the miRNA-target gene and miRNA-lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) associations. Then, a heterogeneous network was constructed by connecting the disease similarity subnetwork and the miRNA similarity subnetwork using the known miRNA-disease associations. We extended random walk with restart to predict miRNA-disease associations in the heterogeneous network. The leave-one-out cross-validation achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.8049$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-2550432.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> across <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$341$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-2550432.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> diseases and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$476$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq3-2550432.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> miRNAs. For five-fold cross-validation, our method achieved an AUC from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.7970$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq4-2550432.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.9249$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq5-2550432.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$15$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq6-2550432.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> human diseases. Case studies further demonstrated the feasibility of our method to discover potential miRNA-disease associations. An online service for prediction is freely available at <uri>http://ifmda.aliapp. com</uri>.
Évaluation de l’utilisation de la voie intra-osseuse en médecine d’urgence pré-hospitalière

La voie intra-osseuse (VIO) represente une alternative simple, rapide et efficace lorsqu’un abord vasculaire veineux classique est difficile ou impossible a obtenir. Son utilisation est recommandee dans la prise en charge de l’arret cardio-respiratoire (ACR) chez l’enfant et egalement chez l’adulte depuis 2010. Une etude prospective, descriptive et observationnelle est conduite par le Service Mobile d’Urgence et de Reanimation de l’hopital Necker–Enfants Malades a Paris depuis octobre 2011. Elle a pour but d’evaluer l’incidence et les modalites pratiques de mise en place d’une VIO en medecine d’urgence pre-hospitaliere, dans des populations adulte et pediatrique. Ainsi, entre le 1er octobre 2011 et le 30 avril 2014, 44 patients (37 adultes et 7 enfants) ont beneficie d’une VIO au moyen du dispositif motorise EZ-IO®. Les indications etaient l’ACR (75%), l’etat de choc, les brulures et les convulsions. Le taux de reussite a la 1re tentative de pose etait de 86,4%. Quatre complications mineures pre-hospitalieres ont ete recensees. Aucune complication majeure, ni pre-hospitaliere ni hospitaliere, n’a ete observee. L’etude ne permettait pas de determiner si, malgre les recommandations internationales et europeennes, la VIO etait ou non sous-utilisee. Son efficacite, sa securite et sa facilite d’apprentissage devraient permettre de rendre sa pratique plus courante et d’elargir ses indications.
Location and chemical composition of microbially induced phosphorus precipitates in anaerobic and aerobic granular sludge

This work focuses on combined scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) applied to granular sludge used for biological treatment of high-strength wastewater effluents. Mineral precipitation is shown to occur in the core of microbial granules under different operating conditions. Three dairy wastewater effluents, from three different upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and two aerobic granular sequenced batch reactors (GSBR) were evaluated. The relationship between the solid phase precipitation and the chemical composition of the wastewater was investigated with PHREEQC software (calculation of saturation indexes). Results showed that pH, Ca:P ratios and biological reactions played a major role in controlling the biomineralization phenomena. Thermodynamics calculations can be used to foresee the nature of bio-precipitates, but the location of the mineral concretions will need further investigation as it is certainly due to local microbial activity.
Lowe's oculocerebrorenal syndrome ‐ variation in lens changes in the carrier state

Abstract The lens changes in DNA based analysis compatible carriers of the gene of Lowe's syndrome in one family are discribed. The lens changes consist of a large amount of characteristic punctate cortical opacities. In two of the three carriers, formed lens opacities were found, appearing like congenital riders. In one lens containing congenital‐like riders a posterior subcapsular cataract had developed. In comparison with a previously examined family, the lens changes in the present family were overall much more extensive. It appears there is a variation in expressivity of the gene in carriers of different families.
The role of grapefruit pectin in health and disease.

Since 1973 my colleagues and I at the University of Florida have been systematically evaluating the role of citrus fruits and their products in human nutrition. We were particularly interested in establishing the role of citrus in providing certain vitamins, particularly vitamins C and folacin, replenishing lost electrolytes, and possibly inhibiting viral infections (1). More recently, our research has focused on the study of the chemistry and biological role of dietary citrus pectin in human nutrition. Pectin is one of a number of dietary fibers important in mineral metabolism. These include the celluloses, hemicelluloses, pectin and mucilages. These dietary fibers, the skeletal remains of plant cells, are not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, are hydrolyzed by colonic bacterial enzymes and increase stool weight and frequency. The importance of other effects, particularly for the celluloses and hemicelluloses are, for the most part, inconclusive. Pectin, a heterogeneous mixture of a number of complex pectic polysaccharides, appears early during plant cell wall biogenesis. It is obtained by aqueous extraction of appropriate edible plant material, usually citrus fruit or apples. All green land plants contain pectic substances which, in combination with cellulose, are responsible for the structural properties of fruits and vegetables. As a constituent in all land plants, pectin has been part of the human diet since the origin of man. Pectin has been evaluated and cleared toxicologically by the Joint World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives. It was deemed unnecessary to establish an acceptable daily uptake. National and international food regulations recognize that pectin is a valuable and harmless food additive. Pectin is included in the list of permitted additives and standardized foods when a technological need can be proven. Some preliminary studies (2, 3) have clearly suggested that pectin when supplemented in the diet of laboratory animals and/or human volunteers causes significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels. This is an important observation as it has been shown that the etiology of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease is associated with elevated serum cholesterol levels. The observed reduction of serum cholesterol