Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil and soil-solution chemistry after burning a clear-felled area in boreal Sweden

Abstract In Scandinavian forestry, prescribed burning is carried out to promote biodiversity. This study was initiated to examine how burning of a clear-felled area affected the soil and soil-solution chemistry in a nitrogen-limited coniferous forest in boreal Sweden. The stand was clear-felled and the logging residues were left on site. The harvested area was divided into two parts: one part was burnt within three months after clear-felling while the other part was left as a control. Soil and soil-solution samples were collected before and after felling and burning. In the FH layer, pH and the concentration of K and P tended to increase immediately after burning. Six years later, only small effects on soil chemistry were indicated, but the N concentration in the FH layer appeared lower in the burnt area even after 11 years. In the deep soil solution, the total organic carbon concentration was lower in the burnt area than in the unburnt area. The -N concentration in the burnt area peaked at 0.50 mg l−1 and the mean concentration during the first seven seasons was 0.13 mg l−1. In the unburnt area, the -N concentration peaked at 3.1 mg l−1 and the corresponding mean concentration was 1.0 mg l−1. Although the general level of -N was low in this study, burning largely counteracted the increase in -N concentration that usually follows final felling.
Antenatal screening of syphilis: diagnosed by rapid plasma regain and rapid immunochromatography method

Background: Syphilis is one of the major causes of adverse outcomes in pregnancy in developing countries. Antenatal screening for syphilis aims primarily at timely detecting & treating pregnant women with congenitally transmissible syphilis, there by preventing perinatal deaths. Objective: To study prevalence of syphilis in antenatal women by screening them with the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) & rapid immunochromatographic (ICT) method. Materials and Methods: A total of 2258 pregnant women attending antenatal care from January to December 2018 were tested for Syphilis by RPR & rapid ICT. Results: Out of 2258 women screened during their antenatal visits, 12 (0.53%) were positive by RPR as well as rapid ICT test method. Conclusion(s): Early detection of syphilis in pregnancy is the best tool for prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal screening of syphilis with Rapid plasma regain (RPR) and Rapid immunochromatography (ICT) is sensitive, specific, rapid and cost-effective method.
PHYTOCHROME CONTROL OF ITS OWN SYNTHESIS IN Sorghum vulgare AND Avena sativa

The accumulation of phytochrome in the dark was measured for Avena sativa seedlings after a white light pretreatment and for Sorghum vulgare seedlings after continuous red or far‐red light treatments, using the herbicide Norflurazon to prevent greening under continuous irradiation. In both cases the accumulation of phytochrome depends on the state of the phytochrome at the light‐dark transition: high Pfr levels (red light pulse) led to a slower rate of phytochrome accumulation than lower Pfr levels (long wavelength far‐red (RG 9) light pulse). Poly‐(A+)‐RNA was isolated fromA. sativa seedlings grown for 48 h in darkness + 24 h WL + light pulse (5 min) (red, RG 9 light, red followed by RG 9 light or RG 9 followed by red light pulse) + 19 h darkness. The poly‐(A+)‐RNA was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and the translation products were immunoprecipitated by specific anti‐phytochrome antibodies. It was demonstrated that the activity of mRNA coding for phytochrome was under phytochrome control.
Environmental drivers of beta‐diversity patterns in New‐World birds and mammals

Current macroecological research places great emphasis on patterns of species richness (alpha diversity) and the underlying ecological and evolutionary processes involved in their origin and maintenance. However, few studies dealing with continental scales have addressed dissimilarities in species composition among areas (beta diversity). Using data for the occurrence of 3836 bird and 1641 mammal species in 4220 cells covering the New World, we assessed whether broad-scale macroecological patterns in beta diversity are related to dissimilarities in environmental variables and biotic units. We employed spatial regression and tree regression to model beta diversity. Difference in altitude was the best predictor of beta diversity. Accordingly, the highest beta diversity values were found in mountainous areas, particularly in the Andes, Central America and western North America. Explanatory variables related to transitions between biotic units (biome, ecoregion) were relatively unimportant. Areas that differ in altitude from their surroundings harbor different sets of species, and this may reflect either species adaptation to particular environmental conditions by range shifts, or species divergence by vicariance, or both.
Cholinergic Inhibitory Innervation of the Cardioarterial Valves in the Isopod Bathynomus doederleini

Abstract In the isopod Bathynomus doederleini, the cardioarterial valves of all five pairs of lateral arteries and the pair of anterior lateral arteries are innervated by inhibitory (dilator) nerves which consist of one or two axons arising from the central nervous system. Stimulation of the valve dilator nerves produced inhibitory junctional potentials (IJPs) in valve muscle cells which arose one-to-one in response to stimulus pulses. Acetylcholine (ACh) hyperpolarized muscle cells of the valves. Both the IJPs and ACh-induced hyperpolarization brought about an increase of haemolymph pressure in the arteries, through relaxation of valve muscles. The muscarinic agonists, muscarine, carbamylcholine and arecoline, mimicked ACh-induced hyperpolarizing responses of the valve muscle cells. Atropine and methylxylocholine antagonized both the IJPs and ACh-induced hyperpolarizing potentials, while d-tubocurarine did not antagonize IJPs. These results indicate that ACh may be the transmitter for the valve dilator nerves. IJPs did not invert in Cl−-free saline. Amplitude of IJPs increased in low K+ salines, and decreased in high K+ salines. It is likely that IJPs are mediated predominantly by K+ ions. This could be the first case of cholinergic inhibitory transmission at neuromuscular junctions in crustaceans.
Male Earnings Inequality, Women's Earnings, and Family Income Inequality in Australia, 1982-2007

In the quarter century after 1982, male earnings inequality increased substantially in most industrialized countries, as did women's participation in paid work. Both trends impacted family income inequality. However, this paper's analysis of Australian data shows that the impact of women's earnings on family income inequality changed over the study period of 1982 to 1995-1996. During the same time frame, the growth in women's earnings was concentrated in households with high male earnings, pushing family income inequality higher. However, after 1995-1996, the growth in women's earnings had a moderating influence on family income inequality as it was concentrated in households with lower male earnings. These findings contribute new evidence on the importance of trends in family formation and the correlation of husbands' and wives' earnings to the evolution of family income inequality. The evidence is also suggestive of a dynamic relationship between rising family income inequality and women's participation in paid work that echoes Thorstein Veblen's ([1899] 2008) ideas regarding the importance of relative income and emulation.
Periderm‐ and cortex‐based resistance to tuber‐feeding Phthorimaea operculella in two wild potato species

The trichome‐bearing wild potatoes Solanum berthaultii (Hawkes) and Solanum tarijense (Hawkes) (Solanaceae) have noted resistance to leaf‐feeding insect herbivores; however, little is known about their resistance to tuber‐feeding herbivores. This study evaluates resistance in tubers of these two species to attack by the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Tubers from a range of accessions were presented to recently emerged neonate tuber moth larvae. Resistance to neonates varied between accessions and was generally higher in accessions of S. tarijense. The contribution to observed resistance of periderm vs. cortex factors was assessed by perforating tuber periderm in paired‐tuber experiments. Across species and accessions, an average of 62% of resistance was attributed to periderm‐related factors. All larvae entered tubers through the eyes. Unidentified cortex‐related factors affected larval development time and pupal weight. Sprouting compromised resistance by reducing the protective value of the periderm. The degree of sprouting also decreased larval development times and increased pupal weights in one of two accessions examined. These results demonstrate the potential of S. berthaultii and S. tarijense as sources of tuber‐resistance and identify accessions of both species with notably high periderm‐based protection. Levels of periderm resistance were not correlated to levels of cortex resistance and represent an independent resistance source compatible with the food value of crop potato.
Dynamic and temporal structure of the troglobitic beetle Speonomus hydrophilus (Coleoptera: Bathyscimae)

The population ecology of the beetle Speonomus hydrophilus, occurring both in caves (reduced fluctuations in many abiotic parameters) and under the deepest layer of soil in mountains (MSS, more exposed to climatic variations), was studied in four habitats in the French central Pyrenees We have assessed some of the characteristics of the environment where these populations occur c g physical data (altitude and exposure), geologic data (nature of the parent-rock) and abiotic parameters (temperature with its seasonal fluctuations) and we investigated the relative importance of environmental structure and ecological characteristics on the temporal organization of S hydrophilus and the troglobitic fauna which cohabits The climatic study shows the existence of an annual thermal cycle which is regular and well marked for the MSS habitats but slightly out of phase with the surface cycle These periodic variations however slight may be stressful for troglobitic species In the MSS populations, the phenology of the entire community is reflected in the pattern seen in Speonomus The analysis of faunal profiles shows that samples follow the same seasonal succession during the annual cycle A potential seasonal rhythm of emergence may reflect a seasonal rhythm of vitellogenesis which produces a rhythm of egg-laying
Imitation learning for structured prediction in natural language processing

Imitation learning is a learning paradigm originally developed to learn robotic controllers from demonstrations by humans, e.g. autonomous flight from pilot demonstrations. Recently, algorithms for structured prediction were proposed under this paradigm and have been applied successfully to a number of tasks including syntactic dependency parsing, information extraction, coreference resolution, dynamic feature selection, semantic parsing and natural language generation. Key advantages are the ability to handle large output search spaces and to learn with non-decomposable loss functions. Our aim in this tutorial is to have a unified presentation of the various imitation algorithms for structure prediction, and show how they can be applied to a variety of NLP tasks. All material associated with the tutorial will be made available through https://sheffieldnlp.github. io/ImitationLearningTutorialEACL2017/.
Deriving the Predicate-Argument Structure for a Free Word Order Language

In relatively free word order languages, grammatical functions are intricately related to case marking. Assuming an ordered representation of the predicate-argument structure, this work proposes a Combinatory Categorial Grammar formulation of relating surface case cues to categories and types for conectly placing the arguments in the predicateargument structure. This is achieved by treatmg case markers as type shifters. Unlike other CG formulations, type shifting does not proliferate or cause spurious ambiguity. Categories of all argument-encoding grammatical functions follow from the same principle of category assignment. Normal order evaluation of the combinatory form reveals the predicate-argument structure. The application of the method to Turkish is shown.
Generalized Penalty for Circular Coordinate Representation

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) provides novel approaches that allow us to analyze the geometrical shapes and topological structures of a dataset. As one important application, TDA can be used for data visualization and dimension reduction. We follow the framework of circular coordinate representation, which allows us to perform dimension reduction and visualization for high-dimensional datasets on a torus using persistent cohomology. In this paper, we propose a method to adapt the circular coordinate framework to take into account the roughness of circular coordinates in change-point and high-dimensional applications. To do that, we use a generalized penalty function instead of an \begin{document}$ L_{2} $\end{document} penalty in the traditional circular coordinate algorithm. We provide simulation experiments and real data analyses to support our claim that circular coordinates with generalized penalty will detect the change in high-dimensional datasets under different sampling schemes while preserving the topological structures.
Pteridofitas indicadoras de alteración ambiental en el bosque templado de San Jerónimo Amanalco, Texcoco, México

Se estudiaron los patrones de distribucion de 26 especies de pteridofitas como posibles indicadoras de alteracion ambiental en los bosques templados de San Jeronimo Amanalco, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico. La presencia y abundancia de la pteridoflora se relaciono con variables edaficas, topograficas y de vegetacion en 100 sitios de muestreo en un area de 494 ha. Con base en el Analisis Canonico de Correspondencia se pudo explorar la relacion entre variables. Se determinaron cinco paisajes en el area de estudio con base al grado de deterioro: erosion severa, erosion, montana con deterioro moderado reversible, montana sin deterioro aparente y canada sin deterioro aparente. Cheilanthes bonariensis y Pellaea ternifolia son indicadores de deterioro ambiental. Los taxones que unicamente crecen en paisajes sin alteracion aparente son: Adiantum andicola, Adiantum poiretii, Argyrochosma incana, Asplenium blepharophorum, Dryopteris pseudo filix-mas, Equisetum hyemale y Pteris cretica.
A Study on More Realistic Room Simulation for Far-Field Keyword Spotting

We investigate the impact of more realistic room simulation for training far-field keyword spotting systems without fine-tuning on in-domain data. To this end, we study the impact of incorporating the following factors in the room impulse response (RIR) generation: air absorption, surface-and frequency-dependent coefficients of real materials, and stochastic ray tracing. Through an ablation study, a wake word task is used to measure the impact of these factors in comparison with a ground-truth set of measured RIRs. On a hold-out set of re-recordings under clean and noisy far-field conditions, we demonstrate up to 35.8% relative improvement over the commonly-used (single absorption coefficient) image source method. Source code is made available in the Pyroomacoustics package, allowing others to incorporate these techniques in their work.
Serving DNNs like Clockwork: Performance Predictability from the Bottom Up

Machine learning inference is becoming a core building block for interactive web applications. As a result, the underlying model serving systems on which these applications depend must consistently meet low latency targets. Existing model serving architectures use well-known reactive techniques to alleviate common-case sources of latency, but cannot effectively curtail tail latency caused by unpredictable execution times. Yet the underlying execution times are not fundamentally unpredictable-on the contrary we observe that inference using Deep Neural Network (DNN) models has deterministic performance. Here, starting with the predictable execution times of individual DNN inferences, we adopt a principled design methodology to successively build a fully distributed model serving system that achieves predictable end-to-end performance. We evaluate our implementation, Clockwork, using production trace workloads, and show that Clockwork can support thousands of models while simultaneously meeting 100 ms latency targets for 99.997% of requests. We further demonstrate that Clockwork exploits predictable execution times to achieve tight request-level service-level objectives (SLOs) as well as a high degree of request-level performance isolation.
Effects of Dietary Chlorella ellipsoidea Supplementation on Growth, Blood Characteristics, and Whole‐Body Composition in Juvenile Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Chlorella powder (C) supplementation on growth performance, blood characteristics, and whole-body composition in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four experimental diets were supplemented with C at 0, 1, 2 and 4% (C0, C1, C2, and C4) on a dry-weight basis. Three replicate groups of fish averaging 1.13 ± 0.02 g (Mean ± SD) were randomly distributed in each aquarium and fed one of four experimental diets for 12 wk. After 12 wk of the feeding trial, fish fed C2 diet had higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than did fish fed C0 and C1 diets (P 0.05); however, there was no significant difference among fish fed C1 and C4 diets, and among fish fed C2 and C4 diets (P > 0.05). Fish fed C2 and C4 diets had a lower serum cholesterol level than did fish fed C0 and C1 diets (P 0.05). Fish fed C2 and C4 diets had a lower body fat than did fish fed C0 (P 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation of 2%Chlorella powder in the commercial diets could improve growth, feed utilization, serum cholesterol level, and whole-body fat contents in juvenile Japanese flounder.
The Late Cretaceous transgression in the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin (Germany): old story, new data and novel findings

Meißen, Dresden, Pirna and Bad Schandau is characterised by widespread strata of Late Cretaceous age, constituting the Cenomanian–Coniacian Elbtal Group. Current consensus on the course of the early Late Cretaceous transgression is that a first ingression from the northwest took place in the late Early Cenomanian (Meißen Formation). In the Middle Cenomanian, contemporaneous onlap is allegedly only documented by the fluvial Niederschöna Formation while marine strata are completely absent (see also Hancock 2004, p. 617). In the Late Cenomanian, marine onlap continued with two pulses of sea-level rise, i.e. in the C. naviculare and M. geslinianum ammonite zones, respectively (e.g. Voigt 1994, Tröger 2003). However, new observations such as the presence of a Middle Cenomanian index ammonite in the Meißen Formation (Wilmsen & Nagm 2014) and the record of other presumably marine Middle Cenomanian strata (Tröger 2017) cast doubt on these interpretations. Here, we present new integrated stratigraphic and sedimentological data on the timing and extent of the marine inundation of the Saxonian part of the Saxo-Bohemian Cretaceous Basin from the Meißen–Niederau area, including the first evidence of the Praeactinocamax primus Event for Saxony. Furthermore, the results of this study require modifications of the current lithostratigraphy of the Elbtal Group.
Syntactic Search by Example

We present a system that allows a user to search a large linguistically annotated corpus using syntactic patterns over dependency graphs. In contrast to previous attempts to this effect, we introduce a light-weight query language that does not require the user to know the details of the underlying syntactic representations, and instead to query the corpus by providing an example sentence coupled with simple markup. Search is performed at an interactive speed due to efficient linguistic graph-indexing and retrieval engine. This allows for rapid exploration, development and refinement of syntax-based queries. We demonstrate the system using queries over two corpora: the English wikipedia, and a collection of English pubmed abstracts. A demo of the wikipedia system is available at https://allenai.github. io/spike/ .
The Proteaceae record in New Zealand

Proteaceae pollen appeared in New Zealand during the Late Cretaceous and increased in diversity until the Early-mid Eocene. Diversity then decreased, reducing to the present two species in the Early Pleistocene. Proteaceae macrofossils extend back to the Early Paleocene. Twelve parataxa of Proteaceae dispersed cuticle are documented. These include two new parataxa of unknown affinity from the Paleocene, and nine new parataxa from the Miocene and one previously recorded from Western Australia. Three of these are identified as species of Helicia, Macadamia and Musgravea, one has affinities with Gevuininae-Hicksbeachia, and one with Tribe Embothrieae.
Phase transitions in non-linear urns with interacting types

We investigate reinforced non-linear urns with interacting types, and show that where there are three interacting types there are phenomena which do not occur with two types. In a model with three types where the interactions between the types are symmetric, we show the existence of a double phase transition with three phases: as well as a phase with an almost sure limit where each of the three colours is equally represented and a phase with almost sure convergence to an asymmetric limit, which both occur with two types, there is also an intermediate phase where both symmetric and asymmetric limits are possible. In a model with anti-symmetric interactions between the types, we show the existence of a phase where the proportions of the three colours cycle and do not converge to a limit, alongside a phase where the proportions of the three colours can converge to a limit where each of the three is equally represented.
Problems of dataset creation for light source estimation

The paper describes our experience collecting a new dataset for the light source estimation problem in a single image. The analysis of existing color targets is presented along with various technical and scientific aspects essential for data collection. The paper also contains an announcement of an upcoming 2-nd International Illumination Estimation Challenge (IEC 2020).
Screening of yeast species for the stereo-selective reduction of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione

Yeast strains from more than 31 different genera were screened for the enantioselective reduction of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione (1). Reducing activity was found in 80% of the screened yeasts. Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione was enantioselectively reduced (>98% ee) to (1R,4S,6S)-6-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-one (−)-2 by 69% of the strains. Enantioselective reduction of the diketone to (1S,4R,6S)-6-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-one ((+)-3, >98% ee) as a major product is reported for the first time. Candida tropicalis UOFS Y-0534 and Candida wickerhamii UOFS Y-0652 displayed this unusual diastereoselectivity.