Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS AS POTENTIAL CUES OF POPULATION ORIGIN IN THE STINGLESS BEE MELIPONA MARGINATA LEPELETIER, 1836 (HYMENOPTERA, APINAE, MELIPONINI)

Stingless bees are widely distributed by different Neotropical biomes (Sakagami, 1982). Currently, morphometric analysis is used to study population structure and geographical variation between races, or even between populations of Apis mellifera (Francoy et al., 006; Mendes et al., 007). In addition, studies on mitochondrial DNA polymorphism (Torres et al., 009) and cuticular hydrocarbons (Francisco et al., 008) have been used to identify differences between species. Hydrocarbons are very important for social insects. They constitute a protection barrier against water loss (Lockey, 1988; Nelson & Blonquist, 1995). In evolutionary process, these compounds have been used as communication cues (Le Conte & Hefetz, 2008). Howard & Blomquist (2005) consider this secondary function of hydrocarbons as a reason of cuticular compounds diversity found among insect groups. Recently, some bioassays have shown that surface hydrocarbons are important tools for recognition systems for solitary insects but above all, for social insects were the chemical communications between individuals are complex (Provost et al., 008). Hydrocarbons also showed differentiation as colony specificity, age, caste or sex of individuals (Blonquist et al., 998; Monnin & Peters, 1999; Sledge et al., 001; Provost et al., 008). In stingless bees, there are relatively few studies that investigate intra and inter specific biodiversity. In this study we showed that is possible to differentiate population of bees according to the individual profile of cuticular hydrocarbons.
Mobile Library Application Using Desktop and Smartphones

-The aim of this system was to allow students and professors easily searching for desired books and relevant information and to provide users with more convenient and practicable information services. With the advancement of information technology, the wireless network and mobile device continue development, which make people can acquire new knowledge with unlimited time and space. These reasons make the research necessary to prepare a library that can be accessed by users using Android Smartphone. The method used in this research is the First to define the problem and to analyze of user requirements. Second, to design and system design using UML (Unified Model Language). Third, develop a mobile application using android technology and SQL as databseserver, Fourth perform application testing and fault finding before this application is implemented. The system will be developed in the research is the application can be used as an alternative media library catalog search form, search Books, Magazines, Journal, Proceedings, also borrowing services online, so after doing the online borrowing member libraries can come to the library to pick up the book without to wait and queue.
The Effect of Training on Pedagogical Content Knowledge on Teachers’ Performance in Nakuru County, Kenya

DOI: 10.21276/sb.2018. 4.7. 14 Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of training on pedagogical content knowledge on teachers‟ performance; in schools within Nakuru North SubCounty, Kenya. The study was carried in the 22 public primary schools in the sub county among the 22 head teacher and 170 school teachers. The study was based on Campbell‟s theory of performance and social cognitive theory. A sample of 8 head teachers and 51 public primary school teachers was used. The sample for the head teachers was selected using purposive sampling technique while that of the head teachers was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data for the study was collected by use of questionnaires for teachers and interview schedules for head teachers respectively. Prior to use, the questionnaires were subjected to validity checks and reliability tests. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and percentages) and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software version 21. Pearson moment correlation (r) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. There was a positive Pearson correlation between Training on Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teachers‟ Performance (r = -0.37, p = 0.802). The study established that the school management and the Ministry of Education will be able to use these findings in formulating appropriate strategies that help enhance teacher performance through their continuous professional development.
CO2 EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS IN NIGERIA

Since the discovery of oil in 1956, the Nigerian economy has been dependent on fossil fuel as a means of energy generation, hence causing excessive emission of carbon dioxide in the environment. Given this background, this study investigates the effect of fossil fuel consumption on environmental quality in Nigeria. The study used secondary data from 1970- 2017 obtained from World Development Index (WDI) and employs the Johansen co-integration analysis. The result reveals that about 80% of carbon emissions in Nigeria are directly consequence of fossil fuel combustion. Also, within the period observed, pollution was found to be a rising function of income and pollution rises as communities becomes more densely populated. The study recommends an urgent design of sustainable energy framework and national sensitization on the multidimensional adverse consequences of the use of dirty fuels.
Safe Surgery in a Safe Operating Room Model: A Meta-Synthesis

Safety is the cornerstone of patient care. There are numerous challenges to patient safety in the operating room. The present study conducted aim to identify risk factors related to the operating room and present a model for promoting safety in the operating room via the meta-synthesis systematic review method. The purpose of operating room safety is to perform safe operations for both patients and employees, which can be achieved through teamwork, promoting safety culture and continuous education, supervision and control of environmental risk factors.
Plastochron index of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines in Fronteira Oeste, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

The objective of this work was to estimate the plastochron index of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevine varieties in Fronteira Oeste, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2010, in a completely randomized design, using 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines grown in the municipalities of Itaqui, Sao Borja, and Macambara, which were referred to as sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Phenological monitoring of the varieties was done from the beginning of sprouting until the pruning of canes (green trimming). The daily thermal sum (dTS, oC day) was calculated using the cardinal temperatures for node appearance in grapevines (10, 25, and 35oC), whereas the accumulated thermal sum (aTS, oC day) was obtained by adding up the dTS. The plastochron index was estimated by the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression between the number of nodes per cane and aTS. In all three sites, both 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' required degree-days of 10°C and aTS of 810oC to complete the cycle from the beginning of sprouting until the end of flowering. The estimated plastochron indexes of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines, in Fronteira Oeste, in the state Rio Grande do Sul, were 40.4 and 49.7oC day per node, respectively.
WOUND HEALING RATE IN ORIENTAL BEECH TREES FOLLOWING LOGGING DAMAGE

Beech is the most important commercial species in the Caspian forests of Iran. Selective cutting and harvesting methods may adversely impact the quality of the residual trees, as the injuries make the trees prone to future disease, insect infestations or timber defects. Although attempts to better understand how wounds affect the residual trees have been made in many different contexts, there are still few investigations on uneven-aged forests. In this study the key objectives were to determine and model the healing rate for different wound parameters (width, length, and area of wound); to analyse the relationship between wound healing rate (WHR), tree diameter growth and tree height growth; to analyse the WHR in relation to wound position on the stem; and to analyse the relationship between WHR, width and area of wound in DBH classes and social classes, with the aim of enabling the prognosis of logging wounds. Wounded beech trees were examined immediately after selective logging and after a 5-year period. The WHR was 31.2 ±7.7 cm2 year-1. The wound width healing rate (18.4 ±3.4 mm·year-1) was significantly higher than the wound length healing rate (4.5 ±1.6 mm·year-1). Only 12% of wounds were completely closed after a 5-year period, and 15 years are necessary for the complete closure of 80% of total wounds. The ratio of wound area to stem area at wound height (RWS) showed a more pronounced effect on diameter than on height. Regression analysis showed that WHR was correlated negatively with wound area and width and positively with tree diameter growth, but no significant relationship was found between height growth and WHR parameters. The WHR was significantly higher
Adaptive Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme for Islanded Distribution Network based on Swing Equation

Power system stable operation requires, generating power of the system equivalent to the sum of all losses and affiliated load. Therefore, excess of load needs to be shed especially in islanding mode because generators are running at rated capacity. Different factors e.g. over current, low voltage level and frequency affect system performance but among them constant frequency is imperative for the steady functioning of power system because frequency is constant at every voltage level and hence, a dependable and reliable parameter to show imbalance situation. Additionally, active power deficit. System frequency is very sensitive to disturbance specially in islanding mode and is severely affected by the power imbalance between power generation and load which leads to overload or power generation loss. To shed excess load, U.F. L.S. (Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme) is implemented. This research here presents Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme for islanded distribution network. This proposed adaptive U.F. L.S scheme use swing equation to find power imbalance. It takes into consideration ROCOF (rate of change of frequency) and power imbalance and based on this data load is shed in single step which is better than cascading as other traditional U.F. L.S implements cascading steps and the response time to any magnitude of disturbance is also better than others. The adaptive U.F. L.S scheme is tested in Simscape Power System and Simulink (Software Packages in MATLAB) and the results shows that it stabilized the frequency thus stabilizing the system by shedding the right amount of imbalance load. Keywords— Load Shedding, ROCOF (Rate Change of Frequency), Adaptive U.F. L.S, Islanding and Overload.
Relación entre el estrés académico percibido y los

Background: Academic stress is an important research topic due to the effect it has on the quality of life of students, future professionals and therefore, adult contributors in a society. It has been shown that students in the health field face additional stressors specific from their careers, and suffer greater stress than the general population of the same age. Methods: 52 students, 23 from Physiotherapy and 29 from Medicine programs were surveyed with Academic Stressors Academic Scale (SAS) to know academic stress level and IL-6 was quantified in serum. Results: It was found that students who perceive the academic semester as stressful “fairly often” and “many times”, increases in 50%, 75% and 76.9% during the semester; while “anxiety/distress” feeling was predominant. The most frequent SAS scale factors were “methodological deficiencies”, “student overload”, “beliefs about performance”, “lack of content value”, “participation” and “exams” Conclusion: The study revealed an IL-6 increment, and their association with “Methodological Deficiencies” at 1st moment. This study showed the importance of academic stressors identification at same time that it is a call to construct strategies to reduce stressors in University context.
CADMIUM CONCENTRATION AFFECTS THE ROOT BIOMASS ADVERSELY DURING PHYTOEXTRACTION EXPERIMENT

Plants can be used to remove, transfer, stabilize and degrade contaminants (Ali et al., 2004 and Maiti et al., 2001) and the process is known as phytoremediation Phytoremediation is an emerging, environment friendly green technology in which plants are used to clean up the pollutants from their surrounding. Six plant species, namly Raya (Brassica juncea), Toria (B. compastris), Oat (Avena sativa), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Bathua (Chenopodiun murale) and Rijhka (Medicago sativa) were grown in two types of cadmium spiked soils (soil-1, sandy loam soil and soil-2, sewage water irrigated soil). The pot study was conducted with five Cd levels, i. e, 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg Cd Kg -1 soil. Root biomass of all the six species was investigated in both soils. The increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in soil results decreases in the yield of all the six species. Although the dry matter yield was greater in the soil -2 than the soil -1.
Using Stein’s method in random geometry

University of Southern California Spring 2015 Abstract Recently, Stein’s method has been one of the most used tools for proving limit theorems. These lecture notes present the background theoretical material and the main techniques for giving Berry-Esseen bounds for functionals of a binomial process or a Poisson point process. Apart from some illustrative combinatorial examples, we are interested here in examples from stochastic geometry, such as the boolean model, nearest neighbor statistics, random convex hull, etc.
The Metaphysical Role of Traditional Courts in Solving Conflicts in Nembudziya Area in Gokwe North District of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018. 6.3. 32 Abstract: The traditional legal system is viewed with suscipicion when it comes to the issue of conflict resolution and transformation. The contemporary world perceives it as backward, incompetent, uncivilized and barbaric. This qualitative research set out to critique the metaphysical role of traditional courts in solving conflicts in Nembudziya Area in Gokwe North District of Zimbabwe. The researcher employed the phenomenological research method to carry out the study. Nine participants were selected using snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were used to generate data. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data. The researcher found that the role of traditional courts included playing people-centred courts, mediating, negotiating, truth-telling, reparation, compensation, restitution, hearings, adjudication, healing, reconciliation, restoration, and application of customary law. The researcher concluded that without hearing, the traditional legal system ceases to function well. Second, the researcher is content that the traditional legal justice is people-centred, unlike the Roman-Dutch law principles that are divisive, separatist and discriminatory. Third, the researcher observed that adjudication was seen as a method preferred by the traditional courts to settle/resolve conflicts/disputes affecting rural communities in the country. Fourth, the researcher concluded that traditional courts embrace the mediation process to control the legal process and craft logical solutions compatible to them. The researcher recommends that whatever judgements made from Civil Courts on the resolved appealed disputes/conflicts/cases should be made available to the traditional courts so that roles/methods of conflict transformation can be perfected in accordance to the anomalies arising from appeal conflicts/disputes. The researcher finds it is prudent that the traditional courts should initially meet each side separately in order to have a clear understanding of the conflicts/disputes so as to carefully plan for a dialogue rather than victims/plaintiffs alone. The gulf between civil courts and traditional courts necessitate the need for more research in order two harmonise the functions between the two forms of legal system.
Review on the effect of probiotics in poultry production industry

All the available evidences indicates that the discovery of the growth promoting property of antibiotics led to their use as antibiotic feed additives in animal feed at sub-therapeutic doses. However, the continued and non-judicious use of antibiotics has led to the selection and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains of poultry pathogens. The use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry feeding has been suggested. This paper was aimed at reviewing the role of probiotics on the poultry industry. Many authors, reported that probiotics increase feed conversion ratio and improve both economic and biological efficiency of poultry farms. Probiotics is reported to have increased the production performance of chicks and could be used as substitute of antibiotic in poultry feeding. Inclusion of Probiotics in broiler diet, competitively excluded salmonella bacteria from the intestinal tract. Inclusion of probiotics in broilers ration also increased the number of antibodies and effectiveness of macrophages. It was reported that feeding of probiotics or inclusion in drinking water of poultry improved the performance of all animal species of poultry and prevented bacterial diseases conditions. Thus the general tendency is that probiotics are found to be potential substitute for antibiotic feeding.
Factors Associated with Missed and Cancelled Appointments in the Endoscopy Unit: Descriptive Study

Background and aim Canceled and missed appointments at the endoscopy unit affect the quality of the provided services and can negatively impact patient outcomes. Assessing the association between the various factors relating to nonattendance will show whether the defective aspects are organizational or personal, which is essential to improve the quality of the healthcare system. Moreover, this study will be of value in our region due to the current scarcity of studies in the Middle East. Methods A descriptive study was conducted at King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A database of participants was established from those who missed/canceled their outpatient endoscopy clinic appointment; purposive sampling was applied, excluding those who are under 14 years old. Demographic data and organizational factors (e.g., referred clinic and the lead time) were collected from the patients’ files and a structured interview done by phone within 7-14 days of the missed/canceled appointment. Results A total of 919 endoscopy procedures were scheduled in an eight-week period, and 179 procedures were missed/canceled (19.48%); 84% were missed, and 16% were canceled. The highest percentage of the population had a high-school diploma or less. The results showed that roughly half of the patients were unemployed. More than two-thirds of the patients had undergone an endoscopy within the past year or less. The majority stated that they underwent the procedure in a different facility, which might be due to various reasons, one of which could be justified as long lead time. Conclusion An annual update of patients’ files is suggested. Text messages can help serve as a reminder in addition to clear appointment instructions that will aid in minimizing the absence rates. Overbooking is recommended to decrease the lead time and increase clinic efficiency. Raising patients’ awareness regarding the effect of missing appointments as well as upgrading the communication methods will assist in decreasing the rate of missed appointments.
Children’s mobility and playability: planning with children equitable spaces

City planning generally assumes that providing a service or designing a system for ablebodied adults is equivalent to addressing the well-being of children. An underlying premise is that adults are the guardians of children, who are deemed dependable and vulnerable. Thus, a city that is convenient for adults will also be beneficial for children. However, the idea behind planning with children is just the opposite: providing for the needs of children also provides for the basic needs of society. Recognizing the need for children to intrinsically read, build, play and move in a city, this paper highlights how a car-centered society has socially excluded children, and other populations; it has impoverished their mobility. Based on a participatory action-research approach, this is a case study of a marginalized community in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The purpose is to answer two questions: what are some strategies to innovate space re-imagined by children, and what are useful approaches and techniques to engage children in city planning. With an emphasis on play, used techniques were community photo shooting, mapping and chalk street play. Strategies re-imagined by children included beautification of the neighborhood, sharing the street for play, finding home for the homeless instead of removal, and a straightforward eradication of criminal activity. These reflect children’s strong sense of beauty, empowerment, equity and justice. Engaging children to do city planning requires time, flexibility and much observation, as well as hands-offs approach from adults. Using play as a guiding principle for developing a planning process, as well as an objective of planning, is recommended. With this two-fold purpose, child led pop-ups seem a useful strategy for city planning since it involves serious play as well as tangible outcomes.
ADHOC Networks Improving Power Efficiency using Multicast Multi-Path Routing Technology

-The proposal of this paper presents a measurement-based routing algorithm to load balance intra domain traffic along multiple paths for multiple multicast sources. Multiple paths are established using application-layer overlaying. The proposed algorithm is able to converge under different network models, where each model reflects a different set of assumptions about the multicasting capabilities of the network. The algorithm is derived from simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation and relies only on noisy estimates from measurements. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the additional benefits obtained by incrementally increasing the multicasting capabilities. The main application of mobile ad hoc network is in emergency rescue operations and battlefields. This paper addresses the problem of power awareness routing to increase lifetime of overall network. Since nodes in mobile ad hoc network can move randomly, the topology may change arbitrarily and frequently at unpredictable times. Transmission and reception parameters may also impact the topology. Therefore it is very difficult to find and maintain an optimal power aware route. In this work a scheme has been proposed to maximize the network lifetime and minimizes the power consumption during the source to destination route establishment. The proposed work is aimed to provide efficient power aware routing considering real and non real time data transfer.