Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Networks and political mobilization: Beyond structural argument

The article reviews major findings in the studies of social networks and con- tentious politics within the structural approach. By discussing the contribution of struc- turally oriented research over the previous emphases on personal pathology and social disorganization, it also points to the limitations of such approach. The focus on political opportunities, resources and social networks should be supplemented with the analysis of social processes and interactive dynamics that account for the structural (or network based) effects. The problem of the interaction between structural and cultural aspects of the process of political mobilization is discussed in relation with the following topics: repertoire of action, movement emergence, scale shift, and recruitment.
Reducing speech recognition time and memory use by means of compound (de-)composition

This paper tackles the problem of Out Of Vocabulary words in Automatic Speech Transcription applications for a compound language (Dutch). A seemingly attractive way to reduce the amount of OOV words in compound languages is to extend the AST system with a compound (de-)composition module. However, thus far, successful implementations of this approach are rather scarce. We developed a novel data driven compound (de-)composition module and tested it in two different AST experiments. For equal lexicon sizes, we see that our compound processor lowers the OOV rate. Moreover we are able to transform that gain in OOV rate into a reduction of the Word Error Rate of the transcription system. Using our approach we built a system with an 84K lexicon that performs as accurately as a baseline system with a 168K lexicon, but our system is 5-6% faster and requires about 50% less storage for the lexical component, even though this component is encoded in an optimal way (prefix-suffix tree compression).
Comparative Evaluation of Small-Scale Residential PV System Applications in a Developed and a Developing Economy

This paper studies the impacts and appropriateness of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) system in the USA and Bangladesh. The cost of a residential PV system does not differ between a developed and developing country, but the break-even period is shorter in a developing country than in a developed country. This paper investigates how this expensive energy source is making the greatest impact in developing countries by improving health, education, and environment.
Biotreatments of the Phytopathogenic Fungi in Water Melon (Post-Harvest) Using Chromolaena Odorata and Azadirachta Indica Leaves Extracts

In a hungry world with an ever-increasing population, efforts are made at reducing crop loss due to pathogen infestation. In recent time, the application of synthetic fungicide proved effective in inhibiting growth of plant-pathogenic fungi and this increases the use tremendously, thereby causing a lot of harmful effects such as health and environmental problems. In the attempt to combat this, many countries have made rules and regulations in the use of fungicides. The uses of phytochemicals in the treatment of plant microbes have been found to be the better alternative. Therefore, there is need to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungi associated with the deterioration of watermelon fruits (post-harvest) and the of use different plant leaves extraction in the treatment of the phytopathogens is inevitable. The highest activity of the plant extracts was found mostly in extracts of high concentrations; showing the effects of concentration on the susceptible organisms. Thus, C. odorata and A. indica could serve as a natural fungicide in inhibiting the growth of plant-pathogenic fungi due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plants. Therefore, could serve as potential raw materials in chemical industry for producing fungicides.
Tourism and Agricultural intersectoral linkages in Suriname 1980-2010

The study focuses on the development of the tourism sector and looks at the nature of the inter-sectoral linkages between the tourism sector and the agricultural sector in Suriname over the past thirty years (1980-2010). The choice for these particular sectors is based on similar distinct characteristics such as labor intensity, geographic and economic dispersion, large number of private entrepreneurs and firms. The paper examines the question to what extent will variations in tourism output trigger a change in agricultural output? First a VECM is deployed to illustrate and describe the inter-sectoral linkages through multiple cointegration equation. With a Engle-Granger Error Correcting Mechanism (EG-ECM) we then explain the shortand long run interaction between the two sectors in a single equation. The results suggest that a change in both tourism output and per capita income will affect agricultural output in the short and long run. Moreover, it takes the agricultural sector approximately 3 years to recover from a shock (e.g. sharp drop in tourist arrivals) and return to long-run equilibrium.
UCLALES–SALSA v1.0: a large-eddy model with interactive sectional microphysics for aerosol, clouds and precipitation

Abstract. Challenges in understanding the aerosol–cloud interactions and their impacts on global climate highlight the need for improved knowledge of the underlying physical processes and feedbacks as well as their interactions with cloud and boundary layer dynamics. To pursue this goal, increasingly sophisticated cloud-scale models are needed to complement the limited supply of observations of the interactions between aerosols and clouds. For this purpose, a new large-eddy simulation (LES) model, coupled with an interactive sectional description for aerosols and clouds, is introduced. The new model builds and extends upon the well-characterized UCLA Large-Eddy Simulation Code (UCLALES) and the Sectional Aerosol module for Large-Scale Applications (SALSA), hereafter denoted as UCLALES-SALSA. Novel strategies for the aerosol, cloud and precipitation bin discretisation are presented. These enable tracking the effects of cloud processing and wet scavenging on the aerosol size distribution as accurately as possible, while keeping the computational cost of the model as low as possible. The model is tested with two different simulation set-ups: a marine stratocumulus case in the DYCOMS-II campaign and another case focusing on the formation and evolution of a nocturnal radiation fog. It is shown that, in both cases, the size-resolved interactions between aerosols and clouds have a critical influence on the dynamics of the boundary layer. The results demonstrate the importance of accurately representing the wet scavenging of aerosol in the model. Specifically, in a case with marine stratocumulus, precipitation and the subsequent removal of cloud activating particles lead to thinning of the cloud deck and the formation of a decoupled boundary layer structure. In radiation fog, the growth and sedimentation of droplets strongly affect their radiative properties, which in turn drive new droplet formation. The size-resolved diagnostics provided by the model enable investigations of these issues with high detail. It is also shown that the results remain consistent with UCLALES (without SALSA) in cases where the dominating physical processes remain well represented by both models.
How Labeling of Safety and Process Attributes Affects Markets for Food

Consumers are increasingly considering information on the safety and process (how foods are produced) attributes of food in making their buying decisions. Producers, processors, and retailers may choose voluntary labeling of these attributes, may be required to label by government regulations, or may use a combination of these approaches. The market effects depend on consumer perceptions of the attributes, the benefits and costs of labeling for companies, and the goals of government policy. These effects are illustrated through a discussion of labeling of foods that are produced with the use of biotechnology (genetically modified organisms) or that are organically grown.
Interjections and the Language Functions Debate

Abstract Five views of the function of interjections, developed in the first half of the 20th century by the psychologist-linguist Bühler, the linguists Gardiner, and Jakobson, and the psychologists Révész and Duijker, are discussed. All five scholars reject the earlier psychologism that reinforced the traditional emotion-expressive view of interjections; all of them argue for a listener-directed, communicative view of language in general, and all include a specific appeal-to-the-listener-function in their model of language functions. My original hypothesis was therefore that these scholars would reject the one-sided traditional view that interjections mainly express the speaker's emotions, acknowledging instead that the central function of most interjections is to make some appeal to the listener (a view supported by recent investigation of a corpus of spoken Dutch, which shows that only 7% fulfils a purely expressive function). As it turns out, however, all five scholars support the traditional view and attributed an expressive function to interjections. In this paper I try to explain this unexpected result.
Education and Self-Employment: South Asian Immigrants in the US Labor Market

Does higher educational attainment lead to greater participation in self-employment? Available studies agree and disagree on this subject through various explanations. We invoke an empirical example from the experiences of immigrants moving from poor countries to rich countries. Further, we focus exclusively on the self-employment participation among south Asian immigration in the United States (using IPUMS Data), which the related literature has clearly neglected thus far despite long traditions of successful business ventures. We establish that higher educational attainment for immigrants from south Asia reduces the likelihood of being self-employed. In fact, a South Asian immigrant with higher educational attainment has 10% less chance of being self-employed than one without. In addition, we show that factors such as longer stay in USA and being a male, affect the likelihood of being self-employed positively. However, another interesting finding of our paper is that being a 'citizen immigrant' affects the probability of being self-employed positively. Though citizen immigrants with higher education attainment are less likely to choose self-employment, the probability is relatively higher in comparison to the non-citizen immigrant group with similar levels of education. This trend lends itself to a more than proportionate participation in self-employment by the citizen immigrants and the difference with immigrant non-citizen group becomes statistically significant. These results have various static and dynamic implications for the native labor market in host countries.
The Challenge of Antigen Sequence Diversity : Solutions with ULTRA-Peptide Libraries

Sequence diversity is a hallmark of many pathogenic viruses including HIV and Influenza, rendering the control of such infections difficult. However, recent DNA sequencing efforts have revealed similar sequence diversity among eukaryotes, including humans. Additionally, certain diseases, in particular cancer, are linked to increased numbers of somatic mutations. More complexity is added by post-translational modifications which further alter proteins and give rise to potential neo-epitopes. Sequence diversity plays an important role in immune recognition and has to be taken into account for development of immunomonitoring or -therapy approaches. Peptide libraries are ideally suited for accommodating such diversity. Here we describe approaches to representing this diversity with a minimum number of peptides.
Normal faulting at convergent plate boundaries: Mylonitic extensional fabrics in the Franciscan subduction complex in Del Puerto Canyon, California, revisited

Using a strain and rotation analysis we tested the hypotheses that top‐east mylonitic extensional structures in the uppermost Franciscan subduction complex in Del Puerto Canyon, California, accomplished exhumation of the Franciscan blueschists. We found no evidence of strongly noncoaxial deformation, instead our data indicate overall coaxial deformation in the proposed zone of mylonitic extensional deformation. There are no extensional strains, moderate vertical shortening occurred without horizontal extension and was compensated by modest deformation‐related volume loss. There is also no strain gradient toward and within the proposed shear zone. Therefore the results of our work indicate that mylonitic extensional structures in Del Puerto Canyon do not exist. Overall, we conclude that there is no currently identifiable structure adjacent to or within the Franciscan in California that could have accommodated large‐scale horizontal extension. Exhumation of the Franciscan blueschists was mainly achieved by erosion of an emergent forearc high. Our strain results and published data are also inconsistent with the development of a supercritically tapered Franciscan wedge that ultimately should have triggered normal faulting. Strain magnitudes are low despite the relatively long residence time of the rocks in the accretionary wedge. From this we infer that strain rates were low and that the wedge material flowed with a relatively high viscosity. Therefore ductile flow probably was not fast enough to form a supercritically tapered Franciscan wedge.
Winter 2-13-2013 Just-InTime Power Gating of GasP Circuits

In modern integrated circuits, one way to reduce power consumption is to turn off power to parts of the circuit when those are idle. This method is called power gating. This thesis presents a state-preserving technique to achieve power savings in GasP family of asynchronous circuits by turning off the power when the circuit is idle. The power control logic turns on the power in anticipation of the receiving data. The power control logic turns off the power when the stage is idle either because it is empty or because the pipeline is clogged. The low logical effort of GasP circuits makes just-in-time power gating possible on a stage-by-stage basis. A new latch called Lazy Latch is introduced in this thesis. The lazy latch preserves its output and permits power gating of its larger transistors. The lazy latch is power efficient because it drives strongly only when necessary. A new latch called Blended Latch is proposed in this thesis which blends the advantages of the Conventional latches and the Lazy latches. Performance of power gating is evaluated by comparing the power-gated pipeline against the non-power gated pipeline. Power savings achieved are dependent on the duty cycle of operation. The fact that just-in-time power gating achieves power savings after it is idle for a minimum of 10 cycles makes it useful in limited applications where a quick start is required after long idle times.
Web Effort Estimation Using FP and WO: A Critical Study

Web based services are becoming more ubiquitous. The ease-in access and the availability of web applications have increased the volume of the users who routinely access web for diverse functionality. Most of the organisations have endorsed web applications over traditional applications as a medium to deliver and offer their diverse services. With the increasing demand, the complexity of web application development has increased proportionally. The most important and critical component in web project management is to develop web projects on time and within budget. Accurate budget estimates have positive and productive impact on project management. Accuracy in estimated web efforts have direct and deeper influence on development industry. It is mandatory for any development industry to ensure accuracy and effectiveness in their web effort estimation process. This helps project management to acquire and retain good customer base and reputation among the other competing companies. This paper is an attempt to study the impact and effectiveness of function points(FP) and web objects(WO) on web size and consequently on web efforts estimation. A dataset of ten industrial web projects were used and it was observed that size estimated by using WO was more than FP in most of the projects however, the effort in most of the projects calculated by using WO were significantly better in comparison to FP.
A dynamical model of plant growth with full retroaction between organogenesis and photosynthesis

In this paper are presented new mathematical developments in plant growth modelling and simulation. GreenLab Model is a functional-structural plant growth model, it combines both organogenesis (architecture) and photosynthesis (biomass production and repartition). New improvements concern the retroaction of photosynthesis on organogenesis. We present in this paper the influence of available biomass on the number of metamers in a growth unit and on the branching. The general theory is introduced and applied to simple trees. Some interesting behaviours are underlined.
Analytical Investigation of a Low-Profile Multiband Circular Microstrip Antenna With Monopolelike Radiation Patterns

A circular patch antenna loading symmetrically with some conductive shorting vias can radiate monopolelike pattern in its fundamental mode as well as the higher order modes. As a result, this antenna can be considered as a candidate to replace the conventional large profile monopole antenna in many communication systems. However, no comprehensive analytical study has been presented for it. In this paper, an analytical method based on cavity model and the generalized multipole technique is intended to investigate the antenna. A sample of the antenna is designed and analyzed using the proposed theory. The electromagnetic fields, radiation pattern, input impedance, and return loss of the antenna are analytically expressed. The designed antenna is implemented and measured. The measurement results are compared with the analytical results to justify the analysis.
Effects of Multi-enzyme Feed Additive “Kemzyme” or/and Sodium Bentonite “as a Feed Binder”on Sexual Activity and Some Fertility Parameters of Rabbit Bucks

The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of Kemzyme or Bentonite and their mix as feed additives on the main semen characteristics, testicular enzyme markers, plasma testosterone level and fertility indices of bucks. Twenty four mature NZW rabbit bucks of about 4-month age and average body weight 2.400 kg were equally divided into four groups (6 in each). The first group was kept untreated (C). The second group (K) was supplemented with 0.1% “Kemzyme”, a multi-enzyme. The third group (B) was supplemented with 2% sodium bentonite while the fourth group (KB) was supplemented with Kemzyme plus bentonite. The dietary treatment lasted for 10 weeks to cover a complete spermatogenic cycle. Results obtained revealed better sexual activity and higher libido of (K) and (KB) bucks. Besides, significant improvement in their different semen parameters, blood testosterone level, seminal total lipids concentration and the activities of different seminal enzymes. Such improvement was complementary to the higher fertility indices that also noticed on bucks of the same groups. Practically, it could be considered that (K) supplementation is a good reproductive promotant tool in the field of rabbit production.
Panretinal Photocoagulation Plus Intravitreal Bevacizumab Versus Panretinal Photocoagulation Alone for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE To compare panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) plus intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) against PRP alone in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in terms of mean change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), neovessels on disc (NVD) and neovessels elsewhere (NVE). STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Ophthalmology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, from December 2014 to July 2015. METHODOLOGY Sixty eyes were randomized into two groups with 30 eyes in each. In group A, IVB was given 15 days prior to PRP but in group B only PRP was given. In both groups, BCVA and neovessels status at disc and elsewhere was assessed before and at day 30. NVDs were judged as per percentage of NVD occupying surface of the disc (DD%). NVE were also judged as per reference to diameter of disc surface. RESULTS The mean age of the study patients was 52.27 ±6.7 years. Mean BCVA (logMAR) in the PRP plus IVB group improved considerably from mean 0.64 ±0.17 to mean 0.49 ±0.21 at 30th day. However, in PRP group, there was no significant change in BCVA 0.64 ±0.16 at baseline to 0.63 ±0.18 at day 30. There were extremely significant changes between the two groups at 4th week (p<0.001). Mean NVE at baseline in PRP plus group was 3.30 ±0.95% at baseline that changes to 1.50 ±1.06% at day 30. While in only PRP group, mean NVE was 3.33 ±0.7% at baseline and 3.17 ±0.7% at one month of follow-up. In PRP plus group, NVD changes from mean 31.27 ±9.8% at baseline to 11.40 ±5.5% at one month of follow-up. In only PRP group, NVD changes from mean 31.13 ±10.23% at baseline to 29.53 ±11.04% at 1 month of follow-up. There were extremely significant changes between two groups at day 30 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Intravitreal bevacizumab in short duration is effective as adjunctive treatment to PRP with early and greater rate of regression of retinal neovessel than PRP alone in PDR patients.
The Effects of Different Sperm Activator Medias on the Velocity and Movement Style Brown Trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1792) Sperm Cells

The brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) belongs to the Salmonidae family. Species have a wide distribution range and naturally live in Western Asia, including Europe, North Africa and Anatolia. Brown trouts have been moved beyond natural habitats such as North and South America, New Zealand, Australia, and Africa, although it has naturally existed for over a hundred years. This species is important for sportive fishing and aquaculture (Şahin, Akbulut, Çakmak & Çavdar, 2010). Salmo trutta has increased with the way aquaculture production, including marine and inland waters and produced about 2924 tons as of 2017 in Turkey (TUIK, 2017). In fish with external fertilization, the sperm cells are immobilized in the testis and seminal fluid, and the initial of motility depends on the conditions of fertilization environment. While many factors are known to regulate motility of sperm cells, ion concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3 etc.), osmolality and pH in activator media are among the most important of these. In trouts, when the sperm cells are released into Abstract
On the Convolution of Functions of Generalized Bounded Variations

Abstract Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be 2π periodic functions. If 𝑓 ∈ 𝐿1[0, 2π] and 𝑔 is from ∧ 𝐵𝑉(𝑝)[0, 2π] or, Lip(α, 𝑝)[0, 2π] or, 𝑟 – 𝐵𝑉 [0, 2π], then 𝑓 convolution 𝑔 inherit the same property.