Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A landslide expert system: image classification through integration of data mining approaches for multi-category analysis

Remote Sensing (RS) data can assist in the classification of landscapes to identify landslides. Recognizing the relationship between landform/landscape and landslide areas is, however, complex. Soil properties, geomorphological, and groundwater conditions govern the instability of slopes. Previous study of Wan (2009; A spatial decision support system for extracting the core factors and thresholds for landslide susceptibility map. Engineering Geology, 108, 237–251) used the maximum-likelihood classifier to classify the multi-category landslide image data. Unfortunately, the classification does not consider the geomorphologic condition. Accordingly, a Landslide Expert System was developed to modify these problems. The system uses multi-date SPOT image data to develop the landslide database. The threshold slope which becomes vulnerable to landslides is obtained by the K-means method. Then, an innovative Data Mining technique – Discrete Rough Sets (DRS) – is applied to obtain the core variables and their relevant thresholds. Finally, the Expert Knowledge Translation Platform (EKTP) is used to create the rules for classification. This study used a new approach called ‘Rough Set Tree’ to demonstrate the performance of the approach. The classification of landslide vulnerable areas, bare land, rock, streams, and water-body is greatly improved.
Treatment of migraine: update on new therapies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a comprehensive selection of the latest clinical trial results in antimigraine treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The oral calcitonine gene-related peptide antagonist telcagepant is efficacious in acute treatment. Compared to triptans, its efficacy is almost comparable but its tolerance is superior. The same is true for the 5HT-1F agonist lasmiditan, another agent devoid of vascular effects. Triptans, as other drugs, are more efficient if taken early but nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics remain useful for acute treatment, according to several meta-analyses. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation during the aura rendered more patients pain-free (39%) than sham stimulation (22%) in one study. Topiramate could be effective for migrainous vertigo, but it did not prevent transformation to chronic migraine in patients with high attack frequency. Onabotulinumtoxin A was effective for chronic migraine and well tolerated, but the therapeutic gain over placebo was modest; the clinical profile of responders remains to be determined before widespread use. Occipital nerve stimulation was effective in intractable chronic migraine with 39% of responders compared to 6% after sham stimulation. This and other neuromodulation techniques, such as sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation, are promising treatments for medically refractory patients but large controlled trials are necessary. One study suggests that outcome of patent foramen ovale closure in migraine might depend on anatomic and functional characteristics. SUMMARY Drugs with a better efficacy or side-effect profile than triptans may soon become available for acute treatment. The future may also look brighter for some of the very disabled chronic migraineurs thanks to novel drug and neuromodulation therapies.
ClpE, a novel member of the HSP100 family, is involved in cell division and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes

We identified, in the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, a previously unknown Clp ATPase, unique among the HSP100 proteins because of the presence of a short N‐terminal region with a potential zinc finger motif. This protein of 726 amino acids is highly homologous to ClpE of Bacillus subtilis, and is a member of a new subfamily of HSP100/Clp ATPases. The clpE gene is transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA from a typical consensus σA promoter. clpE is not stimulated by various stresses, but is upregulated in a clpC mutant. This is the first example of cross‐regulation between Clp ATPases. By constructing a clpE mutant of L. monocytogenes, we found that ClpE is required for prolonged survival at 42°C and is involved in the virulence of this pathogen. A double mutant deficient in both ClpE and ClpC was avirulent in a mouse model and completely eliminated in the liver. Electron microscopy studies did not show any morphological alterations in clpE or clpC mutants. In the clpE–clpC double mutant, however, cell division was affected, indicating that ClpE acts synergistically with ClpC in cell septation. These results show that the Clp chaperones play a crucial role in both cell division and virulence of L. monocytogenes.
Estimation of the minimum detectable activity of preclinical PET imaging systems with an analytical method.

PURPOSE The traditional figures of merit used in the evaluation of positron emission tomography (PET) systems, including system sensitivity and spatial resolution, do not directly reflect the minimum detectable activity (MDA) performance, despite the fact that it is one of the most important tasks for a PET system. MDA, as a combination of the more traditional PET system parameters, is directly related to lesion detection. However, MDA evaluation is task specific and cannot be done by a single measurement. Therefore, a simple method to evaluate system detectability needs to be developed. METHODS In this work, an analytical method of MDA estimation was developed, taking into account system sensitivity, spatial resolution, source properties, and noise propagation in image reconstruction by using the Rose criterion and/or the Curie equation as the detection standard. In the implementation, the source background, as well as the intrinsic activity background from the scintillation material of the system, was also taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method was evaluated in two commercially available preclinical PET systems, with phantom experiments that were designed to closely mimic in vivo tumor uptake without introducing finite boundaries between the source and the background. RESULTS The lesion contrast-to-noise ratio calculated by the analytical evaluation showed good agreement with that obtained from the experiments. Visual assessment of the reconstructed images at the detection limit (based on analytical evaluation) also was in agreement with the Rose criterion. The MDA performance was quantitatively compared between the two preclinical PET systems and showed different detection limits under different imaging conditions, suggesting that the detection limit of a PET system strongly depends on the lesion properties and acquisition settings. CONCLUSIONS An analytical method of evaluating the PET system detectability was developed and validated by experiments. Overall, the analytical MDA calculation provides a simple way to evaluate the signal detectability of a PET system and can be used for comparing different systems. It also provides guidelines for designing new PET tomographs as well as optimizing data acquisition protocols.
LeaDen-Stream: A Leader Density-Based Clustering Algorithm over Evolving Data Stream

Clustering evolving data streams is important to be performed in a limited time with a reasonable quality. The existing micro clustering based methods do not consider the distribution of data points inside the micro cluster. We propose LeaDen-Stream (Leader Density-based clustering algorithm over evolving data Stream), a density-based clustering algorithm using leader clustering. The algorithm is based on a two-phase clustering. The online phase selects the proper mini-micro or micro-cluster leaders based on the distribution of data points in the micro clusters. Then, the leader centers are sent to the offline phase to form final clusters. In LeaDen-Stream, by carefully choosing between two kinds of micro leaders, we decrease time complexity of the clustering while maintaining the cluster quality. A pruning strategy is also used to filter out real data from noise by introducing dense and sparse mini-micro and micro-cluster leaders. Our performance study over a number of real and synthetic data sets demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.
Beyond the isotropic-model approximation in the theory of thermal conductivity.

By the use of an iterative method the linearized phonon-Boltzmann equation for a dielectric solid subjected to a thermal gradient is solved in the frame of three-phonon interactions. In this way it is possible to calculate the thermal conductivity of rare-gas solids starting from the pair potential and accounting for the real Brillouin zone of the lattice. The numerical results are in full agreement with experiment and represent a considerable improvement with respect to those previously deduced for an isotropic solid.
LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE AND PROTEIN STABILIZATION BY DALBERGIA SISSOO (FAMILY: FABACEAE): IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Objective: Plants of the genus Dalbergia are reported to be useful in the treatment of arthritis, gonorrhoea and rheumatic pains. Present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from Dalbergia sissoo leaves (EDS) and to support its traditional use. Methods: EDS was investigated for it's in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in human red blood cell membrane stabilization (HRBC) method and protein denaturation method. Diclofenac sodium was used as the standard drug. Results: The EDS and diclofenac sodium showed a concentration dependent stabilization toward HRBC membrane with 314.3±0.01 and 34.91±0.01 µg/ml; 50% protection, respectively. EDS and diclofenac sodium also showed dose dependent protein denaturation with IC 50 values 719.9±0.04 and 428.4±0.02 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: EDS possessed noticeable in vitro anti-inflammatory effect against the HRBC membrane stabilization method and denaturation of albumin. Further authoritative studies are necessary to make certain the mechanisms and constituents behind its anti-inflammatory actions.
Real-time dispatch of a portfolio with intermittent generation via Model Predictive Control

Most renewable energy sources are intermittent by nature and limited controllable and therefore increase the risk of increment imbalance when integrated in the production portfolio. When imbalance increases, higher imbalance fees are payed to the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and will result in higher incremental costs. This study is to determine the influence of an intelligent dispatch of the production portfolio of Electrabel NL on the imbalance reduction and economic dispatch. The result is an cost comparison based on a number of normal operating days The second part evaluates the influence of the integration of 5%, 15%, and 25% of intermittent sources in the production portfolio. There are three scenarios simulated: no forecasting, persistence forecasting and perfect forecasting of the wind power output.
Persistent Infection Mechanism of GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Differs from That of Hepatitis C Virus

Objective: Changes in the deduced amino acid sequence of the envelope 2 (E2) region of the GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) were analyzed to investigate whether or not the region contributes to persistent infection with the virus. Methods: Eight patients with acute hepatitis C and 1 patient with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology were included in the study. GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected in 6 patients, including the patient with hepatitis of unknown origin. The nucleotide sequence of the E2 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and GBV-C/HGV was determined by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products in 5 patients with HCV infection and in 6 patients with GBV-C/HGV infection twice during the period of early infection and several months or years later in each patient. Results: The mean substitution rate of the deduced amino acid sequence in the E2 region was over 100 times lower (p < 0.001) in GBV-C/HGV (0.01 ± 0.04/month/100 sites) than in HCV (2.4 ± 1.7/month/100 sites). The amino acid sequence of the loop domain of GBV-C/HGV-E2 did not change in any of the 6 patients. On the other hand, the sequence of the hypervariable region of HCV-E2 changed remarkably (5.9 ± 4.3/month/100 sites). No amino acid substitution in the loop domain was observed in 7 additional patients who showed persistent GBV-C/HGV viremia for more than 2 years. Conclusion: These results indicate that changes in the amino acid sequence of the E2 region are not involved in the mechanism of persistent GBV-C/HGV infection.
An evaluation of muscle maintenance costs during fiber hypertrophy in the lobster Homarus americanus: are larger muscle fibers cheaper to maintain?

SUMMARY Large muscle fiber size imposes constraints on muscle function while imparting no obvious advantages, making it difficult to explain why muscle fibers are among the largest cell type. Johnston and colleagues proposed the ‘optimal fiber size’ hypothesis, which states that some fish have large fibers that balance the need for short diffusion distances against metabolic cost savings associated with large fibers. We tested this hypothesis in hypertrophically growing fibers in the lobster Homarus americanus. Mean fiber diameter was 316±11 μm in juveniles and 670±26 μm in adults, leading to a surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) that was 2-fold higher in juveniles. Na+/K+-ATPase activity was also 2-fold higher in smaller fibers. 31P-NMR was used with metabolic inhibitors to determine the cost of metabolic processes in muscle preparations. The cost of Na+/K+-ATPase function was also 2-fold higher in smaller than in larger diameter fibers. Extrapolation of the SA:V dependence of the Na+/K+-ATPase over a broad fiber size range showed that if fibers were much smaller than those observed, maintenance of the membrane potential would constitute a large fraction of whole-animal metabolic rate, suggesting that the fibers grow large to reduce maintenance costs. However, a reaction–diffusion model of aerobic metabolism indicated that fibers in adults could attain still larger sizes without diffusion limitation, although further growth would have a negligible effect on cost. Therefore, it appears that decreased fiber SA:V makes larger fibers in H. americanus less expensive to maintain, which is consistent with the optimal fiber size hypothesis.
Inflammatory reactions associated with a calcium sulfate bone substitute.

OBJECTIVES Loss of bone substance is a major source of disability that often requires grafting. Recently developed synthetic bone grafts have generated a lot of enthusiasm due to the lack of immunological reactions and infectious disease transmission risk. The current work describes some peculiar complications related to the use of calcium sulfate granules. METHODS 15 implantations of calcium sulfate pellets Osteoset (Wright Medical Technology) were performed following resection of bone tumors at our service during 1999. Clinical or computerized tomography scans were available in all patients. RESULTS 3 cases were encountered in which a severe inflammatory reaction developed. In one case serous drainage and an allergic reaction obligated graft removal. In another case, inflammation resolved two months following implantation. In the last case, wound breakdown occurred. CONCLUSIONS A sterile inflammatory response has previously hindered the use of absorbable poly-lactic and poly-glycolic acid rods. Apparently due to rapid graft resorption, the resulting calcium-rich fluid incites inflammation. The single case of an allergic reaction is interesting. An allergy to plaster of Paris is rare and related to minor additives. These were not present in the bone substitute used. Inflammatory complications should be considered when assessing the risk-benefit ratio of using different types of bone replacement materials, and comparing allogeneic grafts to synthetic ones.
Low-Voltage DC Distribution System for Commercial Power Systems With Sensitive Electronic Loads

In this paper, the use of DC power system to supply sensitive electronic loads is treated. First, general design issues regarding DC power systems are discussed, and then the measurement results from a scaled laboratory setup are presented. The results show that it is possible to supply sensitive electronic loads through an AC/DC interface, and to keep them online during grid transients. The use of a DC power system to supply sensitive electronic loads will have lower losses compared with a conventional AC uninterruptible power-supply solution due to fewer power conversion steps.
Short-term oral creatine supplementation in professional football players: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a short-term oral creation (Cr) supplementation on body mass and maximal performance in professional soccer players. Using a double blind randomised placebo-controlled trial, 16 male professional soccer players (8 Cr, mean age, 22.5 years; 8 placebo, 22.8 years), highly trained, were tested before (T1) and after (T2) a five days oral Cr (or placebo) supplementation (20 g per day). Body mass (kg) was measured, and peak power (W) was calculated from vertical distance jumped during a vertical jump test. From pre (T1) to post (T2) supplementation, mean body mass increased from 78.1 kg (± 7.2) to 79.8 kg (± 7.7) in the Cr group, and slightly decreased from 77.6 kg (± 5.9) to 77.4 kg (± 6.6) in the placebo group. For peak power, participants in the Cr group increased after Cr supplementation from 4728.7 W (± 607.7) to 4854.4 W (± 581.0), while peak power in the placebo group decreased from 4420.5 W (± 408.9) to 4299.2 W (± 558.7). Significant time (pre vs. post supplementation) by group (Cr vs. placebo) interactions indicated that changes in both body mass and peak power were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) greater in the Cr group compared with the placebo group. A five days oral Cr supplementation was shown to increases body mass and peak power in professional soccer players. Short term Cr supplementation could be recommended for its ergogenic effect to professional soccer players in order to enhance their peak power and consequently their performance.
How Language Locates Events

This paper argues that the basic modes of spatial cognition can be best identified in terms of argument/participant location, and shows that natural language uses ‘simple’ types of semantic denotations to encode spatial cognition, and further notes that spatial expressions should be interpreted not as locating an event/state as a whole but as locating arguments/participants of the event. The ways of locating events/states are identified in terms of ARGUMENT ORIENTATION(AO), which indicates semantic patterns of linking locatives to specific arguments. Four patterns of argument orientation described here reveal substantial modes of spatial cognition, and the AO patterns are mostly determined by the semantic classes of English verbs combining with locative expressions, i.e., by the event type of the predicate. As for the denotational constraint of locatives, the paper concludes that semantic denotations of locative PPs are restricted to the INTERSECTING functions mapping relations to relations. 요 약 본 논문은 사건/사태에 대한 공간적 인지가 수행되는 기본적인 방식을 규명하기 위해서는 그 사건/사태에 참여하는 참가자의 위치가 가장 주요한 요인임을 주장하고 , 자연언어는 공간적 인지를 표현하기 위해 비교적 “단순한” 의미유형을 사용하고 있으며 , 공간표현을 해석할 때 사건/사태 전체의 위치를 지정하는 것으로 해석하지 않고 , 그 참가자로 표현된 논항(arguments)의 위치를 지정하는 것으로 해석한다는 것이다. 본 논문은 장소표현이 타동사의 두 논항의 위치를 지정하는 방식을 네 가지 유형의 논항지향성 (argument orientations)으로 분류하여 기술하였고, 논항지향성을 통하여 영어를 포함한 자연언어의 장소표현이 관계(relations)의 집합에서 관계의 집합으로 사상하는 교차함수 (intersecting functions)로 해석되어야 한다는 의미해석상의 제약이 있음을 밝히고 있다. Keyword locative, spatial cognition, argument orientation, event, prepositional phrases, subject-orientation, object-orientation, intersecting function, denotational constraint This paper argues that the basic modes of spatial cognition can be best identified in terms of argument/participant location, and shows that natural language uses ‘simple’ types of semantic denotations to encode spatial cognition. First we review event-based approaches to spatial location, and point out that spatial expressions should be interpreted not as locating an event/state as a whole but as locating arguments/participants of the sentence/event. Section 2 identifies the ways of locating events/states in terms of argument orientation, which indicates the ways of interpreting locative expressions. We identify four patterns of argument orientation which reveal substantial modes of spatial cognition —spatial properties and relations. Section 3 illustrates various classes of English * The author wishes to acknowledge the finantial support of the Korea Research Foundation made in the program year of 1997. The early versions of this paper were read at the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society held at Stanford University in 1997 and Seoul International Conference on Linguistics held at Seoul in 1997. ** Seoul National University: nam@plaza.snu. ac.kr
A G-Protein-Coupled Neuropeptide Y-Like Receptor Suppresses Behavioral and Sensory Response to Multiple Stressful Stimuli in Drosophila

Recent studies suggest that human neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a prominent role in management of stress response and emotion, and higher NPY levels observed in combat-exposed veterans may help coping with posttraumatic stress. Neuropeptide F (NPF), the counterpart of NPY in Drosophila melanogaster, also displays parallel activities, including promotion of resilience to diverse stressors and prevention of uncontrolled aggressive behavior. However, it remains unclear how NPY family peptides modulate physical and emotional responses to various stressors. Here we show that NPFR1, a G-protein-coupled NPF receptor, exerts an inhibitory effect on larval aversion to diverse stressful stimuli mediated by different subtypes of fly and mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) family channels. Imaging analysis in larval sensory neurons and cultured human cells showed that NPFR1 attenuates Ca2+ influx mediated by fly TRPA and rat TRPV1 channels. Our findings suggest that suppression of TRP channel-mediated neural excitation by the conserved NPF/NPFR1 system may be a major mechanism for attaining its broad anti-stress function.
Positive impact of cladribine on quality of life in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis

Background: A number of elements of the pivotal ‘cladribine tablets treating multiple sclerosis orally’ (CLARITY) trial have remained unpublished. Objective: To report the impact of cladribine on health-related quality of life (QoL) in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis (pwRMS). Methods: QoL data from the phase III trial of two different doses (3.5 and 5.25 mg/kg) of oral cladribine in pwRMS were acquired from the European Medicines Agency through Freedom of Information. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to analyse the relationship between baseline QoL scores and baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Responses of the Euro Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaires were compared between treatment and control groups using univariate analyses of covariance. Results: In total, n = 5148 EQ-5D responses and n = 894 MSQOL-54 physical, mental health and dimension scores were extracted. Baseline EQ-5D indices correlated with EDSS scores. After 2 years, pwRMS taking 3.5 (p = .001) and 5.25 mg/kg (p = .022) reported significantly improved EQ-5D index scores compared with placebo. Positive, yet non-significant, differences were detected in MSQOL-54 scores between cladribine and placebo. Conclusion: Analysis of the CLARITY dataset suggests that, over and above its established clinical efficacy, cladribine leads to improved QoL over 96 weeks. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00213135.