Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yield and soluble solids contents of fruits of strawberry cultivars in protected cultivation

Protected cultivation is an alternative to control the climatic effects in different places and times of planting, however, its effects and interactions with the strawberry crop are little known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of three cropping systems (high tunnel, low tunnel and field) on yield, mean fruit mass and the soluble solids contents of strawberry cultivars Dover, Camarosa, Sweet Charlie and Oso Grande in Guarapuava. Camarosa cultivar presents an excellent performance regarding yield and mean fruit mass in high and low tunnel cultivation; hence, these cropping system can be indicated. Fruits of Sweet Charlie cultivar had the highest content of soluble solids in all the cultivation environments. Yield and mean fruit mass obtained from high and low tunnels were significantly higher than in the field. The environment high tunnel allowed greater accumulation of soluble solids, differing significantly from other evaluated environments.
Phylogenetic and Variant Analysis of 1,040 SARS-CoV-2 Genomes

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral genome is an RNA virus consisting of approximately 30,000 bases. As part of testing efforts, whole genome sequencing of human isolates has resulted in over 1,600 complete genomes publicly available from GenBank. We have performed a comparative phylogenetic analysis of the sequences, in order to detect common mutations within the population. Analysis of variants occurring within the assembled genomes yields 417 variants occurring in at least 1% of the completed genomes, including 229 within the 5’ untranslated region (UTR), 152 within the 3’UTR, 2 within intergenic regions and 34 within coding sequences.
Stretchable and Transparent Conductive PEDOT:PSS‐Based Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaics and Strain Sensors Applications

The development of transparent, conducting, and stretchable poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐based electrodes using a combination of a polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer network and the surfactant Zonyl is reported. The latter improves the ductility of PEDOT:PSS and enables its deposition on hydrophobic surfaces such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers, while the presence of a 3D matrix offers high electrical conductivity, elasticity, and mechanical recoverability. The resulting electrode exhibits attractive properties such as high electrical conductivity of up to 1230 S cm−1 while maintaining high transparency of 95% at 550 nm. The potential of the electrode technology is demonstrated in indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐free solar cells using the PBDB‐T‐2F:IT‐4F blend with a power conversion efficiency of 12.5%. The impact of repeated stretch‐and‐release cycles on the electrical resistance is also examined in the effort to evaluate the properties of the electrodes. The interpenetrated morphology of the PEDOT:PSS and polyethylene oxide network is found to exhibit beneficial synergetic effects resulting in excellent mechanical stretchability and high electrical conductivity. By carefully tuning the amount of additives, the ability to detect small changes in electrical resistance as a function of mechanical deformation is demonstrated, which enables the demonstration of stretchable and resilient on‐skin strain sensors capable of detecting small motions of the finger.
Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization Feature Selection and Aggrandized Classifier for Uncovering Frauds in Credit Card Deals

In today's economy, credit card plays a very important role. The rise of credit card customers improved, credit card scam cases were also on the rise. Numerous procedures are anticipated to challenge the evolution of the frauds in credit cards. In this research work, proposed an innovative fraud detection method which utilizes the similar cardholder’s behavioral patterns to construct a current cardholder’s interactive profile in order to stay away from the credit card scams. However, the selection of optimal features from the samples and the decision cost for accuracy becomes main important problem. To illuminate these issues this proposed research work presents an innovative fraud detection technique that makes out of four phases: 1. To augment a cardholder’s behavioral styles, first we divide all cardholders into distinctive groups making use of the cardholder’s historical transaction data such that the members of each group have the similar transaction behavior by K-means. 2. Introduces a new Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization (FPSO) feature selection for the amplification of fraud detection in credit cards. 3. By means of a prolonged wrapper method, an ensemble classification are performed by Aggrandized Kernel based Support Vector Machine (AKSVM). 4.Refreshing the cardholder’s social profile with an input system. This Proposed work adopts the external quality metrics as Accuracy, Recall, Concept drift rate and Fraud feature rate. The UCI dataset is used and is done in MATLAB framework. The analytical measures were used to estimate the routine of the mentioned fraud detection technique. The simulation results show that this proposed innovative fraud detection method provides better accuracy results than other fraud detection techniques. The low concept drift rate results the gain of the innovative method to classify the transactions accurately.
Role of GSTT1and GSTM1genotypes in determining individual sensitivity to sister chromatid exchange induction by diepoxybutane in cultured human lymphocytes

The individual genotoxic response of cultured human lymphocytes to diepoxybutane (DEB), an epoxide metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, shows a bimodal distribution. Blood donors can be classified as either DEB-sensitive or DEB-resistant on the basis of the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by DEB in whole-blood lymphocyte cultures. The genetic basis of this phenomenon has thusfar been unknown. To investigate if differences in the ability of individuals to detoxify DEB could explain the bimodal response, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by a 48-h treatment with DEB (2 and 5 microM) were analyzed in whole-blood lymphocyte cultures of 20 human donors with known genotypes of two polymorphic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), GSTT1 and GSTM1. Both polymorphisms include a homozygous null genotype lacking the respective GST gene and isozyme. The mean frequency of SCEs/cell was 1.6 times higher among GSTT1 null donors (n = 8) than GSTT1 positive donors (n = 12) at both 2 microM DEB (mean 67.3 versus 40.9) and 5 microM DEB (mean 123.2 versus 77.5), with no overlapping in DEB-induced individual SCE frequencies between the two genotypes. Thus, all DEB-sensitive individuals were of the GSTT1 null genotype, while all DEB-resistant persons had a detectable GSTT1 gene. A significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation (r = -0.65 at 5 microM, r = -0.56 at 2 microM) was obtained in the GSTT1 positive donors between DEB-induced individual SCE frequency and RBC GSTT1 activity, measured by formaldehyde formation from dichloromethane; the GSTT1 null individuals showed no GSTT1 activity. At 5 microM DEB, the lymphocyte cultures of the GSTT1 null donors also had a significantly decreased replication index, indicating an impact of GSTT1 genotype on the cytotoxicity of DEB. No influence on DEB-induced SCEs or cytotoxic effects was observed for GSTM1 genotype. It is concluded that sensitivity to in vitro SCE induction by DEB is explained by the lack of GSTT1.
Trophic and Spatial Niches of two Large-sized Species of Leptodactylus (Anura) in Southeastern Brazil

Leptodactylus ocellatus (LO) and L. labyrinthicus (LL) are known to prey on other frogs. Here we compare their food habits based on the analysis of stomach contents and their spatial distribution when in sympatry. LO was found most frequently near stream banks, and LL on the margins of lakes and ponds. LO was found within 10 m of permanent water bodies; LL frequently used ponds far from lakes and rivers. Coleoptera, Formicidae, and Isoptera comprised 52% of the prey types identified in the LO sample, whereas Coleoptera and insect larvae represented 58% of the prey items of LL. Frogs were not frequent in the diet of either species but, in volume, represented the second most important category for LO and the first for LL. LO showed a larger trophic niche breadth than LL. The trophic niche overlap between the two species was 68.3% for percentage of prey items. The present work confirms the relative importance of frogs in the diet of both species. The greater capacity of LL in moving far away from permanent water bodies may generate better opportunities for prey selection and a narrower trophic niche breadth. The large range of prey used by these two species indicates they are generalist/opportunistic feeders.
Effects of litter and standing biomass on growth and reproduction of two annual species in a Mediterranean old‐field

1 We tested the hypothesis that the competitive ability of a plant changes during its lifetime, by evaluating variations in the relative influence of standing biomass and litter on plant performance. 2 Seedlings of two annual herbaceous species (‘targets’), of contrasted life‐forms (Crepis foetida and Bromus madritensis) were transplanted into an old‐field. The competitive ability of seedlings, vegetative and reproductive plants towards neighbours was recorded over one growing season. 3 Fourteen traits related to plant morphology, growth and reproduction were measured to assess the competitive ability of targets. Relationships among traits were characterized to identify a set of traits as a surrogate of target competitive ability. 4 The two target species responded similarly. Early growth was facilitated by litter and, to a greater degree, by vegetative biomass. Thereafter, the effect of neighbouring vegetation on target performance was negative, with a maximum depressing effect on reproduction (especially seed number and date of flowering) despite a weak facilitative effect of litter. Plant basal diameter, measured at peak growth period, and total number of inflorescences per plant, were found to predict growth and reproductive components of competitive ability, respectively. 5 Assessing the effects of competition for population success from the response of vegetative plants will underestimate its importance because competition appears to exert its maximal impact on seed production.
A phylogenetic analysis of the isopod family Janiridae (Crustacea)

A phylogeny of the isopod family Janiridae and genera from presumptive outgroups, Acanthaspidiidae, Joeropsididae and Microparasellidae is estimated. Characters were gathered from the published literature, and assembled into a data matrix for cladistic analysis. The data, when evaluated with heuristic search algorithms, yielded eight most-parsimonious trees, none of which supported the monophyly of the Janiridae. To evaluate the impact of homoplasy, characters with a rescaled consistency less than 0.1 were deleted, resulting in four somewhat different trees that were non-monophyletic for the janirids. With the smaller data set, trees supporting janirid monophyly were 10 steps longer. A permutation tail probability test found substantially more hierarchical information in the janirid data set than in randomised data. Internal topologies of the shortest trees were evaluated as hypotheses for new family-level groups, although new family-level classifications cannot be proposed at this time owing to insufficient evidence. The Janiridae therefore cannot be considered monophyletic.
Statistical analysis of a Danish SEDM

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Reproductive capacity and amount of host‐feeding of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae)

The reproductive capacity and the amount of host-feeding of Encarsia formosa Gahan, a parasitoid of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), were studied in two experimental series. Firstly, to measure the percentage survival and the developmental period from egg to adult emergence of the wasp, hosts of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, early 4th, middle 4th and late 4th instar on tobacco leaves, were exposed to female wasps. Those hosts in which eggs of the wasp were deposited, were reared in a leaf cage attached to a tobacco leaf until adult wasps emerged. Secondly, to measure the fecundity and the total number of hosts killed by host-feeding during the life span of female wasps, 36 whitefly larvae in the 4th instar were presented daily to wasps from emergence to death. These experiments were conducted under a photoperiod of 16L8D at 25 ± 1 °C. The percentage survival of the wasps scarcely varied with the host stages parasitized, but the developmental period from egg to adult emergence of the wasps was significantly effected by the host stage parasitized. When eggs were deposited in young hosts (1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars), the period from egg to adult emergence took a longer time than when hosts of the 4th larval instar were parasitized. The average life span of adult female wasps was 36.8 days and during this period wasps deposited about 442 eggs and killed about 101 hosts by host-feeding. From these results the intrinsic rate of natural increase was calculated to be about 0.2/female/day. Zusammenfassung Fortpflanzungsvermogen und Haufigkeit von, ‘host-feeding’ bei Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) Das Fortpflanzungsvermogen und ‘host-feeding’ von Encarsia formosa Gahan, einem Parasiten der Weisen Fliege Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), wurde in zwei Versuchsreihen erforscht. Erstens wurden die 4 Larvalstadien der Weisen Fliege — das vierte weiter aufgeteilt in fruhes, mittleres und spates viertes Stadium — den weiblichen Wespen zur Erfassung deruberlebungsrate und der Entwicklungsdauer zur Verfugung gestellt. Die belegten Wirte wurden bis zum Schlupfen der Wespen in Blattkafigen an Tabakblattern gehalten. Zweitens wurden an weiblichen Wespen wahrend ihrer gesamten Lebensdauer taglich 36 Larven der Weisen Fliege im fruhen 4. Stadium angeboten, zur Erfassung der Fruchtarbeit und der Haufigkeit von ‘host-feeding’. Die Experimente wurden bei 25 ± 1 °C und einer Photoperiode von 16L8D durchgefuhrt. Das Stadium, in dem die Larve der Weisen Fliege parasitiert wurde, beeinfluste dieuberlebungsrate der Wespen kaum, verlangerte aber die Entwicklungsdauer erheblich. Bei Eiablage in Junglarven (Stadium 1, 2 und 3) war die Zeit vom Ei bis zur Imago langer als bei Eiablage in Larven des 4. Stadiums. Die weibliche Imago von Encarsia lebte im Durchschnitt 36,8 Tage. In dieser Frist wurden 442 Eier abgelegt und auserdem 101 Wirte durch ‘host-feeding’ abgetotet. Aus den Daten ergibt sich eine naturliche Vermehrungsrate von etwa 0,2 pro Weibchen pro Tag.
Contribuição ao conhecimento dos mamíferos dos Campos de Palmas, Paraná, Brasil

Contribution to knowledge of Palmas Grassland mammals, Parana, Brazil. The southern region of Parana State is considered to be a priority area for mammal research in the state. This work aimed to present an inventory of the mammal species occurring in the locality known as Campos de Palmas, Parana, Southern Brazil (26o34’59”S and 51o36’16”W), and to promote discussion about their importance for regional conservation. This assessment was carried out in two fi eld stages, totaling 15 days. Thirty-fi ve mammal species were recorded by direct observation, capture with mist nets, presence of feces and tracks, and identifi cation of animals killed on the BR-280 highway. This inventory registered endangered species for Parana and Brazil, as well as other important records of some mammal species at regional and national level.
Recent woody invasion of wetlands on the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska: a major regime shift after 18 000 years of wet Sphagnum–sedge peat recruitment

We document accelerating invasion of woody vegetation into wetlands on the western Kenai Peninsula lowlands. Historical aerial photography for 11 wetland sites showed that herbaceous area shrank 6.2%/decade from 1951 to 1968, and 11.1%/decade from 1968 to 1996. Corresponding rates for converting herbaceous area to shrubland were 11.5% and 13.7%/decade, respectively, and, for converting nonforest to forest, were 7.8% and 8.3%/decade, respectively. Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests on three wetland perimeters established since the Little Ice Age concluded in the 1850s. Dwarf birch shrubs at three wetland sites showed median apparent tree-ring age of 13 years, indicating recent shrub colonization at these sites. Peat cores at 24 wetland sites (basal peat ages 1840 – 18 740 calibrated years before present) indicated that these peatlands originated as wet Sphagnum–sedge fens with very little woody vegetation. Local meteorological records show a 55% decline in available water since 1968, of which.
One-Photon Upconversion-Like Photolysis: A New Strategy to Achieve Long-Wavelength Light-Excitable Photolysis

Abstract Photolysis reactions are widely utilized to release desired molecules under the control of light irradiation in the fields of photochemistry, biology, and drug delivery. In biological and medical applications, it is highly desired to increase the excitation wavelength for activating photolysis reactions, since the long-wavelength light (red or near-infrared light) has deep tissue penetration depth and low photocytotoxicity. Here, we briefly summarize current strategies of achieving long-wavelength light-excitable photolysis. We highlight our recently developed strategy of one-photon upconversion-like photolysis. Compared with the multiphoton upconversion-based photolysis, the one-photon strategy has a simpler energy transfer process and a higher energy utilization efficiency, providing a new path of activating photolysis reactions with increased excitation wavelength and photolysis quantum yield.
Different antibiotic resistance of neustonic and planktonic bacteria in a freshwater coastal lake: implication for strain selection

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria was observed in various aquatic environments including seas, rivers, lakes, coastal areas, surface water and sediments. The increased implementation of antibiotics into these environments through medical therapy, agriculture and animal husbandry has resulted in new selective pressures on natural bacterial aquatic populations. Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the surface microlayer and subsurface water of freshwater coastal polymictic and low-productive lake was studied. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the single disc diffusion method. The resistance level of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. Bacteria were most resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin and penicillin. Majority of bacterial strains showed resistance to 4–6 out of 18 antibiotics tested. As a rule, neustonic bacteria (antibiotic resistance index, ARI 0.44) were more resistant to the studied antibiotics than planktonic bacteria (ARI 0.32). 70–90% of neustonic bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin, 60– 70% of planktonic bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and penicillin. Differences between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria in their resistance to the tested antibiotics were observed. Above 40% of achromogenic bacterial strains were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin and penicillin. Among bacterial strains characterised by their ability to synthesize carotenoids, more than 30% was resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Bacterial resistance level to antibiotics depended on their chemical structure. Bacteria isolated from study lake were most resistant to quinolones and lincosamides while they were most susceptible to tetracyclines and aminoglycosides. Results presented in this paper indicate that antibiotics are a significant selection factor and probably play an important role in regulating the composition of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems. Adaptive responses of bacterial communities to several antibiotics observed in the present study may have possible implications for the public health.
The development of the skull of Psammophis sibilans. II. The fully formed chondrocranium

The fully formed chondrocranium of the Egyptian snake, Psammophis sibilans has been described in detail. The tectum synoticum is very broad and there is apparently no tectum posterius. The notochord is completely embedded in the occipital condyle. The connection between the condyle and the odontoid process persists to the fully formed stage. There is only one commissure, representing the anterior basicapsular commissure, connecting the auditory capsule to the basal plate. The fisura metotica is continuous postero‐dorsally with the fissura occipitocapsularis. The distal bent end of the shaft of the columella auris represents the processus dorsalis, and the nodule that separates from it and fuses with the quadrate is the intercalare. The interorbital septum, orbitosphenoid cartilages, basitrabecular processes and planum supraseptale are completely absent. The concha nasalis is of the simplified type, the active factor in its formation is the folding of the olfactory epithelium. The solum nasi is greatly reduced and comprises the floor of the cupola anterior, the composite lamina transversalis anterior, cartilago ectochoanalis, cartilago hypochoanalis and ectochonal plate. The branchial arches are completely absent. The pterygoquadrate is represented only by the quadrate cartilage. The ceratohyals are extremely long.
A comparative study of prediction and classification models on NCDC weather data

Weather forecasting plays a significant role in different aspects of life such as in the operation of hydro-power plants, renewable energy, flood management, and agriculture. Recently, machine learning techniques have been used for weather forecasting for large periods of time, as it is more accurate than models based on physical principles. To address various problems, varieties of machine learning algorithms are applied in different fields. In our work, to examine whether these models are robust to predict National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) weather conditions, we carried out to compare newly emerging models with traditional meteorological models. In this paper, a set of the most common machine learning techniques are explored to generate robust weather forecasting model for long periods of time. Moreover, the combinations of all the model parameters are considered for simulations and the performance results of each method using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure are presented. The experimental results of the classifiers show that the decision tree CART, XGBoost and AdaBoost models exhibit better classification accuracy when compared with the other methods and for regression task, the linear regression method performs better in terms of R2 metric.