Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory assessment of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate as dissolver for scales formed in sour gas wells

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) is an environmental friendly biocide commonly used in oil fields. It also has been used to control iron sulfide precipitation for water injection and to remove deposits in oil production systems. In this study, THPS was examined as the dissolver for scale deposits formed on downhole tubular of high temperature sour gas wells. These deposits consisted of a wide range of mineral phases and are often dominated with various forms of iron sulfides and iron oxyhydroxides. The THPS based dissolvers were studied at various concentrations, pH values and with different additives. These additives included ammonium chloride, chelating agents and phosphonates. Experimental results indicated that the dissolving power was not proportional to THPS concentration. The maximum dissolution was observed in THPS concentration of 25 to 50%, depending on scale composition. Its dissolving power could be significantly increased with both ammonium chloride and chelating agents. The synergistic effect of ammonium chloride was largely attributed to pH decrease. As a result, the corrosivity of THPS solution to metallurgy was increased with the addition of ammonium chloride. The corrosion rate of mild steel was increased over three times with 4% ammonium chloride added. Contrary to previous reports, phosphonate additives decreased scale dissolution and induced new precipitation. Formation of calcium sulfate precipitates was also observed during dissolution of calcite, which will limit the THPS from scales containing calcium carbonate. This study also revealed the dissolution behavior of different minerals in the THPS solution. Iron oxyhydroxides had the highest dissolution rate, followed by calcite, siderite and pyrrhotite. Pyrite, marcasite and anhydrite were almost insoluble in the tested solutions. Results from this study can be used as guideline for the development and design of THPS based scale dissolvers.
General Forms of Finite Population Central Limit Theorems with Applications to Causal Inference

ABSTRACT Frequentists’ inference often delivers point estimators associated with confidence intervals or sets for parameters of interest. Constructing the confidence intervals or sets requires understanding the sampling distributions of the point estimators, which, in many but not all cases, are related to asymptotic Normal distributions ensured by central limit theorems. Although previous literature has established various forms of central limit theorems for statistical inference in super population models, we still need general and convenient forms of central limit theorems for some randomization-based causal analyses of experimental data, where the parameters of interests are functions of a finite population and randomness comes solely from the treatment assignment. We use central limit theorems for sample surveys and rank statistics to establish general forms of the finite population central limit theorems that are particularly useful for proving asymptotic distributions of randomization tests under the sharp null hypothesis of zero individual causal effects, and for obtaining the asymptotic repeated sampling distributions of the causal effect estimators. The new central limit theorems hold for general experimental designs with multiple treatment levels, multiple treatment factors and vector outcomes, and are immediately applicable for studying the asymptotic properties of many methods in causal inference, including instrumental variable, regression adjustment, rerandomization, cluster-randomized experiments, and so on. Previously, the asymptotic properties of these problems are often based on heuristic arguments, which in fact rely on general forms of finite population central limit theorems that have not been established before. Our new theorems fill this gap by providing more solid theoretical foundation for asymptotic randomization-based causal inference. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Synthèse de filtres DBR bi-bandes à stubs en circuit-ouvert avec priseen compte des paramètres de pente

Résumé — Une nouvelle version de la synthèse de filtres DBR (Dual-Behaviour Resonator) bi-bandes est présentée. Cette version dédiée aux résonateurs à stubs en circuit-ouvert prend en compte cette fois les paramètres de pente aux 2 fréquences de résonance et associe aux résonateurs des inverseurs d’admittance bi-bandes également. Ceci permet de simplifier grandement la réalisation de filtres DBR bi-bandes d’ordre n quelconque. Un filtre bi-bande d’ordre 3 a été conçu en technologie microruban à l’aide de ces équations de synthèse. Il permet de transmettre simultanément 2 bandes centrées respectivement à 2,442 et 3,625 GHz. Les résultats obtenus en simulations et en mesures présentent une très bonne corrélation.
Transition: A Positive Start to School

46 Some children and families need extra support for a variety of reasons. A range of factors can impact on the smoothness of the transition process for children, families and educators. For example, children with concentration difficulties may find it more difficult to settle into new routines, with new people, or environments. Families may not feel confident speaking with early childhood educators and Prep teachers if they perceive that they are not welcome, or if they find conversations challenging. The level and type of support required can vary enormously from child to child and family to family. It may include (but is not limited to):
The Effects of Enclosure Type on Aggressive Behavior in Captive Chimpanzees

: Male chimpanzees are known to be aggressively territorial in the wild. It is expected that the limited enclosures of captivity would make them even more aggressive. The Kansas City Zoo was chosen as an ideal venue to explore this assumption because it boasts the largest outdoor enclosure of its kind, and the apes alternate between this and much smaller indoor housing. Quantitative data on crowd size, time of day, temperature, and frequency/intensity/duration of aggressive behaviors were recorded for the alpha male in both enclosures during 300 hours of observation. These data were used to test the following hypotheses: as measured by frequency/intensity/duration, aggression will increase 1) inside relative to outside, 2) with number ofvisitors, 3) with temperature, and 4) during the middle of the day. Statistical tests and graphical analysis showed that the frequency and duration of aggressive events did, in fact, increase inside, while the intensity decreased. The number of visitors, temperature, and time of day showed little relationship to aggressive interaction, although a few patterns were seen. These conclusions not only aid in the understanding of captive chimpanzee aggression, but also can be used to improve conditions for chimpanzees in zoological parks throughout the United States.
Inhibition of microphytobenthic photosynthesis by the herbicides atrazine and diuron

Les herbicides atrazine et diuron sont retrouves en concentrations non negligeables dans les sediments des vasieres littorales des Pertuis Charentais, sur la cote atlantique. Ils ont donc potentiellement un effet toxique sur le microphytobenthos, le compartiment primaire le plus productif de ces milieux intertidaux, par l'action directe qu'ils ont sur les processus meme de la photosynthese. Cet effet a ete etudie par fluorimetrie PAM sur des communautes naturelles, extraites du sediment et soumises a des concentrations d'herbicides de 0,1 μg, L -1 a 10 mg L -1 . Les variations du rendement effectif Φ PSII du photosysteme II en fonction du temps d'exposition aux concentrations indiquees permettent de quantifier l'effet relatif des herbicides sur l'activite photosynthetique. Cet effet est tres rapide puisqu'il s'exprime en moins de 15 minutes. L'exposition a des concentrations de 0,1 μg L-' d'atrazine ou de diuron n'indique aucune reduction significative du rendement photosynthetique. Au-dela de cette concentration, Φ PSII diminue progressivement jusqu'a une inhibition totale du processus photosynthetique pour des valeurs de 100 μg L -1 pour le diuron, et 10 mg L -1 pour l'atrazine. Le diuron apparait donc comme un inhibiteur plus fort que l'atrazine. Seuls les melanges des plus faibles concentrations d'herbicides montrent un effet synergique.
Believing in “making a difference” to collective efforts: Participative efficacy beliefs as a unique predictor of collective action

When rational actors believe that their group can achieve its goals through collective action (i.e., when they have strong group efficacy beliefs), they should not participate in it because they expect little benefit from their own participation. Paradoxically, however, research shows that individuals are more likely to participate when their group efficacy beliefs are stronger. In contrast to approaches that explain this paradox by invoking different psychological mechanisms (e.g., group identity, group-based anger), we provide a novel efficacy-based explanation by introducing the notion of participative efficacy beliefs (i.e., beliefs that one’s own actions will “make a difference” to collective efforts aimed at achieving group goals). Three correlational studies supported the construct and predictive validity of participative efficacy beliefs across different samples and contexts. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this notion for the psychology of collective action and social change.
Biofilm Environmentome: A Survival Experiment

Microbial biofilms are communities of constant symbiosis and interaction in adaptation with their environment. This signaling network determines the chemistry as well as the physiology of the biofilm, it also confers protection to the microorganisms embedded in this formation, which improves the chances of survival in the face of external aggression. This mechanism known as Quorum Sensing (QS) responds to both intracellular and extracellular signals and modulates the response of the biofilm to the immune system. This chemical response to the environmental factors involved, together with the genetic factors of the genome in the development of an individual constitute the environmentome, it which represents a new source of promising therapeutic targets for the development of new treatments that prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of this comment paper is briefly to explore the initial elements of an approach that can be applied in the development of new tools for clinical diagnosis and treatment, as well as in other areas such as ecology.
Continuing Studies of Water Quality in Farmington Bay and the Great Salt Lake, Utah

The brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and a predatory corixid insect, Trichocorixa verticalis, co-occur in Farmington Bay. The purpose of my research was to discover what part this predation plays in decreasing the population of Artemia in the bay. A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure predation rates of corixids on three size classes of brine shrimp (nauplii, juvenile, and adult) at 20oC. Mean daily consumption rates of individual corixids in the experiment were 17, 30 and 12 nauplii, juvenile and adult brine shrimp, respectively. At their current densities in the bay (50/m), corixids could impart mortality rates of 21-62% per day on brine shrimp. This is equal to or higher than population growth rates reported for other Artemia populations, suggesting that corixids in Farmington Bay have the potential control the brine shrimp population. Additional research is needed to determine the exact effect of corixid predation in Farmington Bay under natural conditions. Michael J. Hadley 16 December 2002 Aquatic, Watershed and Earth Resources 4510 Hadley – Corixid predation 50
Photoemission perspective on pseudogap , superconducting fluctuations , and charge order : a review of recent progress

In the course of seeking the microscopic mechanism of superconductivity in cuprate high temperature superconductors, the pseudogap phase—the very abnormal ’normal’ state on the holedoped side—has proven to be as big of a quandary as superconductivity itself. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful tool for assessing the momentum-dependent phenomenology of the pseudogap, and recent technological developments have permitted a more detailed understanding. This report reviews recent progress in understanding the relationship between superconductivity and the pseudogap, the Fermi arc phenomena, and the relationship between charge order and pseudogap from the perspective of ARPES measurements.
Molecular subtypes of breast cancer with pathological features prevalent in Zhuang and Han ethnic groups in China : a study of 990 patients

To compare the difference of molecular types and clinical pathological characteristics of breast cancer between Zhuang and Han ethnic groups of patients, and to provide improved treatment regimens for individuals with breast cancer. 278 cases of Zhuang women with breast cancer and 712 cases of Han female breast cancer patients were selected and divided into four molecular subtypes according to expression of 4 immunohistochemical (IHC) markers: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and Ki-67. Then they were divided into the 4 subtypes, which were Luminal A type, Luminal B type, HER-2 over-expression type and the Triple negative type, and these were analyzed and compared with clinical and pathological features. The molecular subtypes of the Zhuang and Han patients were mainly Luminal B, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, there were several clinical parameters that were found to be statistically different between the Zhuang and Han patients in the 4 subtypes classified including family history of breast cancer, the number of births, incidence of tumor position and tumor diameter as well as differences in the operation mode, endocrine therapy and in the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy (P < 0.05). There are differences in molecular classification and clinical pathological features between the Zhuang and Han female patients with breast cancer, and a better understanding of these differences can provide guidance for improved individual treatment of breast cancer.
FUSION OF HYPERSPECTRAL AND VHR MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATIONS IN URBAN α–AREAS

Abstract. An energetical approach is proposed for classification decision fusion in urban areas using multispectral and hyperspectral imagery at distinct spatial resolutions. Hyperspectral data provides a great ability to discriminate land-cover classes while multispectral data, usually at higher spatial resolution, makes possible a more accurate spatial delineation of the classes. Hence, the aim here is to achieve the most accurate classification maps by taking advantage of both data sources at the decision level: spectral properties of the hyperspectral data and the geometrical resolution of multispectral images. More specifically, the proposed method takes into account probability class membership maps in order to improve the classification fusion process. Such probability maps are available using standard classification techniques such as Random Forests or Support Vector Machines. Classification probability maps are integrated into an energy framework where minimization of a given energy leads to better classification maps. The energy is minimized using a graph-cut method called quadratic pseudo-boolean optimization (QPBO) with α-expansion. A first model is proposed that gives satisfactory results in terms of classification results and visual interpretation. This model is compared to a standard Potts models adapted to the considered problem. Finally, the model is enhanced by integrating the spatial contrast observed in the data source of higher spatial resolution (i.e., the multispectral image). Obtained results using the proposed energetical decision fusion process are shown on two urban multispectral/hyperspectral datasets. 2-3% improvement is noticed with respect to a Potts formulation and 3-8% compared to a single hyperspectral-based classification.
Tunable multiphonon blockade in coupled nanomechanical resonators

A single phonon in a nonlinear nanomechanical resonator (NAMR) can block the excitation of a second phonon [Phys. Rev. A 82, 032101 (2010)]. This intrinsically quantum effect is called phonon blockade, and is an analog of Coulomb blockade and photon blockade. Here we predict tunable multiphonon blockade in coupled nonlinear NAMRs, where nonlinearity is induced by two-level systems (TLSs) assuming dispersive (far off-resonance) interactions. Specifically, we derive an effective Kerr-type interaction in a hybrid system consisting of two nonlinearly interacting NAMRs coupled to two TLSs and driven by classical fields. The interaction between a given NAMR and a TLS is described by a Jaynes-Cummings-like model. We show that by properly tuning the frequency of the driving fields one can induce various types of phonon blockade, corresponding to the entangled phonon states of either two qubits, a qutrit and quartit, or two qudits. Thus, a $k$-phonon Fock state (with $k=1,2,3$) can impede the excitation of more phonons in a given NAMR, which we interpret as a $k$-phonon blockade (or, equivalently, phonon tunneling). Our results can be explained in terms of resonant transitions in the Fock space and via phase-space interference using the $s$-parametrized Cahill-Glauber quasiprobability distributions including the Wigner function. We study the nonclassicality, entanglement, and dimensionality of the blockaded phonon states during both dynamics and in the stationary limits.
Evaluation of rumEn fErmEntation kinEtics of somE by-products using in situ and in vitro gas production tEchniquE

This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition and estimation of nutritive value of brewers’ grain, apple pomace, orange pulp and lemon pulp by-product using in vitro gas production technique. Test feeds had significant differences in chemical composition. Brewers’ grain had the highest (P<0.05) crud protein (19.5 % DM) and ether extract (7.8 % DM). Apple pomace contained the highest neutral detergent fibre (43.3 % DM), acid detergent fibre (32.3 % DM) and lowest ash (3 % DM). Cumulative gas production was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of incubation and the equation Y = A (1-e -ct ) was used to describe the kinetics of gas production. Potential gas production (A) and rates of gas production (c) differed (P<0.05) among feeds. Apple pomace showed higher potential gas production (A) (341 ml g -1 DM) and orange pulp had higher rate of gas
Traumatic brain injury in dogs and cats: a systematic review

Traumatic brain injury occurs frequently in dogs and cats due to motor vehicle accidents, falls and crush injuries. The primary lesion occurs at the time of injury and causes direct, irreversible damage to the brain parenchyma and vasculature. Secondary lesions occur in the minutes following the trauma due to a combination of physical and biochemical changes that lead to intracranial hypertension. Therefore, knowing the pathophysiology of the cranioencephalic trauma is essential for treatment directed at minimising secondary damage. The approach to the patient affected by traumatic brain injury is based on the ABCD of trauma, guided by the neurological examination with the aid of imaging exams and adequate therapeutic measures. The treatment of patients with cranioencephalic trauma is still in many ways controversial. For that reason, this literature review aims to address the main points regarding the pathophysiology of this disease and to describe the clinical and surgical therapeutic options currently available.
Silicon Controlled Drift Detectors for Imaging Applications

A. Castoldi Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Nucleare Ce.S. N.E. F. , 20133 Milano, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy C. Guazzoni Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, 20133 Milano, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy S. Masci Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, 20133 Milano, Italy R. Hartmann PN Sensor GmbH, Roemer Strasse 28, Munchen D-80803, Germany L. Struder Max Planck Institut fur Extraterrestriche Physik, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, Munchen D-81739, Germany
Exact and mid-point rounding cases of power(x,y)

Correct rounding of the power function is currently based on an iterative process computing more and more accurate intermediate approximations to x^y until rounding correctly becomes possible. It terminates iff the value of the function is not exactly a floating-point number or an midpoint of two floating-point numbers of the format. For other elementary functions such as exp(x), arguments for which f(x) is such an exact case are, few. They can be filtered out by simple tests. The power function has at least 2^35 such arguments. Simple tests on x and y do not suffice here. This article presents an algorithm for performing such an exact case test. It is combined with an approach that allows for fast rejection of cases that are not exact or mid-point. The correctness is completely proven. It makes no usage of costly operations such as divisions, remainders or square roots as previous approaches do. The algorithm yields a speed-up of 1.8 on average in comparison to another implementation for the same final target format. It reduces also the percentage of average time needed for the exactness test from 38% at each call to 31% under unlikely conditions. The algorithm is given for double precision but adapts and scales perfectly for higher precisions such as double-extended and quad precision. Its complexity is linear in the precision.
Profiles of fatigue severity and variability among adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy

ABSTRACT Background: Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) experience progressive changes in functional status with the development of secondary impairments such as fatigue. Detailed accounts of the fatigue experience in CP are lacking. Purpose: This study describes the severity and variability of fatigue in CP using the Fatigue Impact and Severity Self-Assessment. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study surveying 130 (61 males) individuals (mean age 18 years, 11 months; SD 4 years, 6 months) with CP. Analyses comprised comparisons between two groups (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I and II–V), frequency counts and proportions. Results: Significant differences exist between GMFCS groups for all fatigue severity questions. In addition, 38% of individuals classified as GMFCS level I reported their average fatigue as moderate to severe and 53% experienced fatigue on three or more days in the previous week. Sixty-eight percent of individuals classified as GMFCS levels II–V reported their average fatigue to be moderate to severe and 78% were fatigued on three or more days in the previous week. Conclusions: Fatigue is a highly individualised phenomenon with significant burden for individuals with CP regardless of functional ability. Individuals in GMFCS levels II–V reported increased fatigue severity and would benefit from specific management interventions.