Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 13 Plasma Vortices in Planetary Wakes

Measurements conducted in interplanetary space and in the vicinity of planets of the solar system have shown plasma structures produced by the solar wind that resemble fluid dy‐ namic features; namely, vortex rotations within the earth ́s magnetosphere and also along the Venus wake. In both planets the solar wind encounters different obstacles since the earth is protected by its intrinsic magnetic field that is compressed by the dynamic pressure of the solar wind to form a large size cavity (the magnetosphere) that bounds its direct approach to the earth ́s vicinity. At Venus the conditions are different since the planet does not have an internal magnetization that would produce an earth-type magnetic obstacle to the solar wind. Instead, the latter reaches directly upon the upper layers of the planet ́s atmosphere and interacts with its ionized components (the ionosphere). The outcome of this interaction is a plasma wake of large extent whose geometry is similar to that of the earth ́s magneto‐ spheric tail but that arises from conditions that are different in both planets. While there is evidence for the observation of fluid-like vortices as the solar wind streams along the wake of the earth and Venus there is a major issue as to the manner in which they are produced. In fact, since the solar wind is a collisionless plasma; namely its charged particles barely exe‐ cute collisions among them (their mean free path is comparable to one astronomical unit) it should not be expected that it behaves as a continuum when it interacts with planetary ob‐ stacles. The opposite has been verified by a variety of observations with indications that the physical properties of both the solar wind fluxes and the planetary particles that are being eroded through their interaction can be described in terms of fluid dynamic processes (a re‐ view of this issue was presented by Pérez-de-Tejada, 2012).
AC Analysis of PEO 10 LiCF 3 SO 3 Polymeric Material for Memory Storage Application

Problem statement: Intelligent systems that need to accurately repres ent human brain requires analogue devices such as a neural switch t hat processes decision signals and can actually remember the made decision. Polymeric material such as PEO 10 LiCF 3SO 3, which previously used in high energy, long life storage batteries, is used here to implem ent the principle of storage with the required analogue memory. Approach: A number of PEO 10 LiCF 3SO 3 devices tested in a controlled environment and their impedance response to both fr equency and temperature recorded, analyzed and plotted for interpretation. Results: The tested devices showed ability for charge storag e due to its variable impedance response at a range of frequenci es, while sustaining very high impedance at DC. The device response found to be affected by interme diate temperatures, with symmetrical response at both low, mid and high temperatures. Conclusion: The designed and tested device showed promising characteristics in terms of memory storage as a neu ral switch. Its high impedance at DC and low impedance at high frequencies with logarithmic resp onse represented the desired features in a reprogrammable analogue device.
Preferential Tax Regimes with Asymmetric Countries

Current policy initiatives taken by the EU and the OECD aim at abolishing preferential corporate tax regimes. This note extends Keen's (2001) analysis of symmetric capital tax competition under preferential (or discriminatory) and non-discriminatory tax regimes to allow for countries of different size. Even though size asymmetries imply a redistribution of tax revenue from the larger to the smaller country, a non-discrimination policy is found to have similar effects as in the symmetric model: it lowers the average rate of capital taxation and thus makes tax competition more aggressive in both the large and the small country.
Quality and Hygienic Conditions of White Lupin Silage, Affected by Forage Stage of Growth and Use of Silage Additives

A two-factor field experiment with white lupin cv. Butan was carried out. The first factor was the green forage harvest date (the flat pod stage – Cut 1 and the stage of green ripe seeds – Cut 2), while the second one – application of silage additives: biological (strains of lactic acid bacteria) and chemical (a mixture of organic acids), and the control treatment (without additives). In Cut 2 higher fresh matter (FM) and dry matter (DM) yields were obtained. Silage inoculated with the biological additive contained a significantly greater count of lactic acid bacteria. Both additives reduced counts the Clostridium bacteria, yeasts and mould fungi. The silage with the chemical additive had a three-fold higher content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), while the biological additive increased lactic acid (LA) levels. White lupin can be used as a silage raw material, but plants before ensiling should be partially wilted and silage additives should be applied
Capturing the Data Uncertainty Change in the Cocaine Consumption in Spain Using an Epidemiologically Based Model

A probabilistic model is proposed to study the transmission dynamics of the cocaine consumption in Spain during the period of 1995–2011. Using the so-called probabilistic fitting technique, we study if the model is able to capture the data uncertainty coming from surveys. The proposed model is formulated through a nonlinear system of difference equations whose coefficients are treated as stochastic processes. A discussion regarding the usefulness and limitations of probabilistic fitting technique in order to capture the data uncertainty of the proposed model is presented.
Feedbacks between oceanic redox states and marine productivity: A model perspective focused on benthic phosphorus cycling

A new model for the marine cycles of particulate organic carbon (POC), oxygen, nitrate, and phosphorus has been developed and applied to explore the controls and constraints on marine productivity and nutrient inventories. The coupled benthic‐pelagic model uses a new approach for the simulation of the reactive phosphorus turnover (Preac corresponding to the sum of organic P, authigenic P, and adsorbed phosphate) in marine sediments. The simulated POC/Preac burial ratio in shelf, slope and rise, and deep‐sea sediments increases under strongly reducing conditions in agreement with field observation. The model runs revealed that the spread of anoxia in bottom waters may enhance the productivity of the global ocean by one order of magnitude if sufficient nitrate is provided by N2‐fixation. Thus anoxic bottom waters promote eutrophic conditions and vice versa. Additional model runs showed that the productivity and nutrient inventory of the glacial ocean were probably enhanced due to the falling sea level. Marine regression induced a narrowing of the depositional areas on the continental shelves and thereby an increase in the fraction of POC exported to the deep ocean. The accelerated POC delivery, in turn, decreased the oxygen contents of the deep water and thus favored the release of phosphate from deep‐sea and rise sediments. Enhanced recycling of phosphate at the seafloor promoted further POC export in a positive feedback loop.
Constructing a Perfect Reconstruction System by a Quincunx Sampling Grid

In this study, a matrix grid D is used to analyze and synthesize a multidimensional signal comprising an important and useful tool for sublatticed processing in the decomposition and reconstruction of a signal into its polyphase components. Also presented is a filter bank with polyphase components functioning freely as aliases when using a quincunx matrix to specify obligatory and sufficient conditions and to simplify the requisite procedures for determining the number of variables and equations for a perfect reconstruction of an analysis/synthesis system.
Synthesis of a wavelet transform using neural network

Wavelet transform has a wide area of application in signal processing. However there is no single wavelet perfectly suitable for every task. In practice Daubechies 4 is the most commonly used wavelet, since it is well suited for analysis of many natural signals and it oers a straightforward interpretation of the results. It would be very useful to develop a method for adaptive synthesis of a wavelet transform suitable for particular task. Artificial neural networks oer such ability. So far this approach wasn’t explored. This paper presents neural network for synthesis of orthogonal wavelet transform and a method of unsupervised training of this network.
Does the Value-Added Tax Shift to Consumption Prices?

This paper deals with the question of how consumption taxes, especially the value-added tax, affect consumption prices. The analyses are based on data from EU countries for the period 1970–2004. The starting point is a conventional supply-demand analysis of the tax incidence problem. This problem is solved using some simple price mark-up equations, Phillips curves and inflation forecast error equations. All these equations are estimated from panel data from EU countries using different estimators and variable specifications. In addition, an analysis is carried out with Finnish excise taxes using commodity/outlet level micro data for the early 2000s. A general result of all analyses is that more than one half of a tax increase shifts to consumer prices. By contrast, there is less evidence on shifts to producer prices.
Investigation of the response time of the equatorial ionosphere in context of the equatorial electrojet and equatorial ionization anomaly

Abstract. Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) and Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) are two large-scale processes in the equatorial/low latitude ionosphere, driven primarily by the eastward electric field during daytime. In the present paper we investigate the correlation between the Integrated EEJ strength (IEEJ) and the EIA parameters like the total electron content at the northern crest, location of crest in Magnetic latitude and strength of the EIA for the Indian sector. A good correlation has been observed between the IEEJ and EIA when a time delay is introduced between IEEJ and EIA parameters. This time delay is regarded as the response time of equatorial ionosphere in context of the evolution of EIA vis-a-vis EEJ. Further, a seasonal variation in the time delay has been observed, which is believed to be due to changes in thermospheric wind. Using the response time and the linear relationship obtained, the possibility of near-real time prediction of EIA parameters has been attempted and found that the prediction holds well during the geomagnetically quiet periods. The paper discusses these aspects in detail.
A MIMO ANTENNA DECOUPLING NETWORK COMPOSED OF INVERTERS AND COUPLED SPLIT RING RESONATORS

A decoupling network for a pair of strongly coupled MIMO antennas is presented. The decoupling network is composed of two inverters and two split ring resonators (SRRs) that are also coupled. By properly transforming the mutual admittance of the original coupled antennas and properly designing the coupling between the two SRRs, more than 20 dB isolation between the two antennas can be achieved while their respective matching performances remain good. To validate the concept, a microstrip decoupling network is designed and implemented for a pair of wideband printed monopole antenna elements. Measurement results have demonstrated that nearly 10% bandwidth for 20 dB isolation can be achieved. Measured radiation patterns have demonstrated a significant reduction of the correlation coefficient, which makes the proposed technique a promising candidate for both current and future generations of MIMO-enabled mobile terminals.
A river in drought: consequences of a low Nile at the end of the Old Kingdom

It is thought that a significant factor in the fall of the Egyptian Old Kingdom was the occurrence of a number of lower than average inundation events that led to a decline in agricultural output, causing a famine that undermined the authority of the government. However, very little consideration has been given to how a lesser volume of water may have impacted upon the Nile itself. This composition investigates the potential for ecological change that may have developed as a consequence of a lower river. Since a lower river exhibits less force, its physical properties should change, which would in turn alter the chemical and biological factors that are expressed. A low Nile should therefore have resulted in changes to the distribution and abundance of plant life along the river. Four plants characteristic to Pharaonic times were investigated to see how they may have responded. Papyrus and Phragmites are suggested as plants that would benefit from a situation where the nutrients remained within the river, whereas Typha and Lotus display characteristic that benefit less when the river retains nutrients that would have normally been lost to the surrounding landscape.
Pregnancy with thalassemia: challenges and outcomes

More than 70 000 babies are born with thalassemia worldwide each year and there are 100 million individuals who are asymptomatic thalassemia carriers. Thalassemia syndromes are autosomal recessive disorders and the most commonly inherited haemoglobinopathies in the world. The pathophysiology of thalassemia syndromes is characterised by extravascular haemolysis due to the release into the peripheral circulation of damaged red blood cells and erythroid precursors because of a high degree of ineffective erythropoiesis. Thalassemia is of two types: αthalassemia and βthalassemia. HbE beta thalassemia is a double heterozygous state of HbE and beta thalassemia. It is the most common type of thalassemia in eastern India. Antenatal counselling is required for all antenatal mothers with thalassemia. Guidelines should be set up for the proper management of such a case during both antenatal and postnatal period. This study is conducted to document the management given to mothers with thalassemia in a tertiary care hospital and the outcome in each case.
Asthma inhalation devices

Asthma is treated mainly with inhaled medications in several forms, including the pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI). Unfortunately, appropriate delivery of the chosen drug depends heavily on the patient’s inhaler technique. The Global initiative for Asthma (GINA) suggests that the correct use of inhalers is an important feature in preventing exacerbations of asthma. Several studies have shown that poor use of the inhaler device is the main feature in poorly controlled disease. Many asthma patients derive incomplete benefit from their inhaled medication because they do not use their inhaler devices correctly or they fail to maintain the correct inhaler technique. This is clearly one of the major limitations in treating Asthma. Informing patients about their asthma could help in achieving better control over their asthma symptoms. Asthma patients need also to be shown and trained on how to use their prescribed inhaler devices properly. Not only various patients’ characteristics but also the device that patients use to inhale the medicine has an effect on correct inhalation technique. Further, there is evidence that the use of multiple inhaler types confuses the patient and increases the risk of errors in their inhaler use.
Flume observations on flow dynamics in Zostera marina (eelgrass) beds

Flow dynamics in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) were studied in a large seawater flume. Velocity and turbulence intensity profiles were measured at 3 free-stream flow velocities (5. 10 and 20 cm S-'), at 5 shoot densities (1200, 1000,800, 600 and 400 shoots rne2), and at 5 along-stream positions relative to the leading edge of the eelgrass bed (10 cm upstream of the bed; 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm downstream of the leading edge of the bed). All the profiles (75) above the canopy or over bare sand fitted a log-profile relationship. At all densities and ambient velocities tested, mean velocity increased above the canopy, while within the bed water speed dropped distinctly below the canopy-water interface. Depending on shoot density, water speed was from 2 to 10 times lower under the canopy than upstream of the seagrass bed. Shear velocities (U%) above the canopy were 2 to 11 times greater than outside the bed at equivalent height, and Increased significantly with distance into the meadow. No significant differences among dens~ties were observed. Turbulence intensity showed a dramatic increase in all the profiles at the canopy-water interface, a significant increase with distance into the bed, but showed no significant differences between densities. Fluid flux within the bed decreased significantly with distance into the meadow, but exhibited no significant dependence on density. Downstream, vertically integrated fluid flux at 100 cm into the bed ranged between 14.7 and 40.6 O/O of upstream values. The least flux reduction occurred at the highest velocity (20 cm S-'). Trends in shear velocity and turbulence intensity show clearly that within the bed one can distinguish 2 dynamically different environments. The 'canopy-water interface' habitat 1s characterized by high shear stress and high turbulence intensity; the 'below-canopy' habitat is characterized by low shear stress and a reduction of turbulence intensity.
Kinetic-Eddy Simulation of Static and Dynamic Stall

A Kinetic-Eddy Simulation (KES) approach has been developed for large-eddy simulation (LES) of wall-bounded turbulent flow at high Reynolds numbers. The model solves for the local unresolved kinetic energy and the local subgrid length scale. The dissipation of the kinetic energy depends on the length scale, as well as on the length scale gradient. In most of flow domain of simulated cases, the subgrid length scale is of the order of the computational grid scale, and the KES approach behaves like a LES. In some other regions the length scale tends toward the integral scale and thus, smoothly approaches the very large-eddy simulation (VLES) limit. A robust KES approach is demonstrated here that employs the realizability constraints to bound the model parameters. The realizable KES has been applied to static stall around a 3D NACA0015 wing, oscillatory attached and dynamic light stall, and dynamic deep stall flows around a 2D NACA0015 airfoil. Vortex shedding and massive separation of the boundary layer at high Reynolds number are clearly captured. The behavior of the realizable KES approach on high angle-of-attack aerodynamics is studied.
Revised Super-long Down-regulation Protocol Improves the Outcome of Infertile Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure in IVF/ICSI-ET

Objective To investigate the outcome of revised super-long down-regulation protocol (RSDP) for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) in the special infertile patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF). Methods Patients with RIF were divided into RSDP group and routine long down-regulation protocol (RLDP) group. In RSDP group, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) was injected intramuscularly by 2.5 mg in mid-luteal phase for the first time and 1.25 mg after 28 d; gonadotropin (Gn) was started 14 d later after the second GnRHa dose. IVF/ICSI-ET was performed according to the routine procedure. The clinical outcomes of RSDP group were compared with those of RLDP group. Results In RSDP group, the number of retrieved oocytes and valid embryos was significantly lower (P 0.05); both good-quality embryo rate and implantation rate were significantly increased (P Conclusion RSDP can improve the IVF outcomes significantly in RIF patients.
EFFECT OF GROUP LOGOTHERAPY IN REDUCING DEPRESSION AND INCREASING HOPE IN DRUG ADDICTS

Today, addiction is a major problem in human society, threatens health of the community, family, and individual, and leads to loss of personal, occupational, family and social achievements. This experimental pretest-posttest study with control group aimed to determine the effect of group logotherapy in reducing depression and increasing hope in drug addicts. From a total of 70 addicts, 60 were selected by random sampling method, and finally 20 were selected with the highest scores in Beck's depression inventory and the lowest scores in Snyder’s adult hope scale, who were then randomly divided into control and trial groups. The trial group received 10 sessions of group logotherapy, and the control group received no intervention at all. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis) statistics. Results showed significantly lower mean depression scores, and significantly higher mean hope scores in posttest in trial group compared to control group. According to results, it can be concluded that group logotherapy is effective in reducing depression and increasing hope in drug addicts.
Resident Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Modeling and Scheduling Mechanism in the Smart Grid

With the development of smart grid and the increase of global resident Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) market in the near future, the interaction between limited distribution grid capacity and uncontrollable PEV charging loads can lead to violations of local grid restrictions. And the proper model charging scheduling mechanism is the key to assess and satisfy various resident charging requirements and help in optimizing utility utilization. In this paper, the distribution grid profile model with PEV charging power is firstly constructed for the purpose of studying resident PEV charging impact on the distribution grid. To better reflect the actual impact of PEVs, we use real data on driving behaviors, vehicle characteristics, and electricity loads to generate our model. Furthermore, an improved queuing-theory-based scheduling mechanism is proposed, the distribution grid communication structure and the algorithm are illustrated, and computer simulations are demonstrated to verify their performance. The results show that the proposed scheduling mechanism will enhance the distribution grid flexibility to meet various charging requirements while maximizing the grid capacity.
Human tissue kallikreins, uPA and PAI-1 as prognostic markers in ovarian carcinoma

In epithelial ovarian cancer, tumor-associated biomarkers useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and/or therapy response prediction are in short supply. Protein levels of the proteolytic factors uPA, PAI-1, and tissue kallikreins hK5, hK6, hK7, hK8, hK10, hK11, hK13 were determined in extracts of ovarian cancer patient tumor tissue. Distribution, correlation, the impact on survival and surgical success and the presence of changes from primary to metastatic tumor tissue have been explored. Using a homogeneous patient collective, it could be shown that human kallikreins, uPA and PAI-1 are clinically relevant in ovarian cancer.
The perceptions of parents of their role in the democratic governance of schools in South Africa: Are they on board?

I argue that parent participation in SGBs is an important ingredient in building democracy in the schooling system, as well as in the wider society of South Africa. At some schools in South Africa, parents are not yet playing their full role as governors mandated by legislation. Parents at some rural schools are reluctant to participate in the decision-making by School Governing Bodies (SGBs) as a result of their low educational level or of power struggles in SGBs. In some former model C schools, on the other hand, lack of participation is related to a level of education of parents in general, lack of education on parental involvement in school activities, a fear of ‘academic victimisation' of their children, language barrier, and difficulty in attending meetings. This lack of involvement is at its highest in school governing bodies. It appears therefore that while representation and debate are theoretically open and fair, there are still factors that inhibit SGBs from operating democratically. Although the political control of apartheid has gone, issues related to full democratic participation have not been resolved. South African Journal of Education Vol. 29 (1) 2009: pp. 83-103