Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of in-canopy wind profile formulations on heat flux estimation in an open orchard using the remote sensing-based two-source model

Abstract. For open orchard and vineyard canopies containing significant fractions of exposed soil (>50%), typical of Mediterranean agricultural regions, the energy balance of the vegetation elements is strongly influenced by heat exchange with the bare soil/substrate. For these agricultural systems a "two-source" approach, where radiation and turbulent exchange between the soil and canopy elements are explicitly modelled, appears to be the only suitable methodology for reliably assessing energy fluxes. In strongly clumped canopies, the effective wind speed profile inside and below the canopy layer can strongly influence the partitioning of energy fluxes between the soil and vegetation components. To assess the impact of in-canopy wind profile on model flux estimates, an analysis of three different formulations is presented, including algorithms from Goudriaan (1977), Massman (1987) and Lalic et al. (2003). The in-canopy wind profile formulations are applied to the thermal-based two-source energy balance (TSEB) model developed by Norman et al. (1995) and modified by Kustas and Norman (1999). High resolution airborne remote sensing images, collected over an agricultural area located in the western part of Sicily (Italy) comprised primarily of vineyards, olive and citrus orchards, are used to derive all the input parameters needed to apply the TSEB. The images were acquired from June to October 2008 and include a relatively wide range of meteorological and soil moisture conditions. A preliminary sensitivity analysis of the three wind profile algorithms highlights the dependence of wind speed just above the soil/substrate to leaf area index and canopy height over the typical range of canopy properties encountered in these agricultural areas. It is found that differences among the models in wind just above the soil surface are most significant under sparse and medium fractional cover conditions (15–50%). The TSEB model heat flux estimates are compared with micro-meteorological measurements from a small aperture scintillometer and an eddy covariance tower collected over an olive orchard characterized by moderate fractional vegetation cover (≈35%) and relatively tall crop (≈3.5 m). TSEB fluxes for the 7 image acquisition dates generated using both the Massman and Goudriaan in-canopy wind profile formulations give close agreement with measured fluxes, while the Lalic et al. equations yield poor results. The Massman wind profile scheme slightly outperforms that of Goudriaan, but it requires an additional parameter accounting for the roughness sub-layer of the underlying vegetative surface. The analysis also suggests that within-canopy wind profile model discrepancies become important, in terms of impact on modelled sensible heat flux, only for sparse canopies with moderate vegetation coverage.
Social cues-customer behavior relationship : the mediating role of emotions and cognition

This paper investigates the effect of social cues in a malli¯s shopping environment on customer behavior. Two competing mediation scenarios are assessed: emotion-cognition and cognition-emotion in a stimulus-organism-response (SOR)-based framework. Although the role of social cues in driving customer behavior in shopping contexts is largely addressed in the extant literature, the mechanism of the effect is still under-researched area and this study is an attempt to fill this gap. The conceptual model is validated through a questionnaire survey of 1028 shopping mall customers from three cities in Jordan. Two different conceptual models are tested. The analysis reveals that the cognition-emotion mediated model is more robust in predicting the effect of social cues than emotion-cognition mediated model. The findings indicate that a) social cues have a significant positive effect on customersi¯ emotion of pleasure; cognition; and behavioral response; and b) only pleasure and cognition mediate the effect of social cues on customersi¯ behavioral response. Theoretically, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which customersi¯ emotions and cognition mediate the effect of social cues on customer behavior; and practically, it asserts the significance of social cues as a marketing tool.
Reliability of CubeSats – Statistical Data, Developers’ Beliefs and the Way Forward

In this paper we investigate the data on 178 launched CubeSats and conduct a nonparametric and parametric analysis, where the dead-on-arrival (DOA) cases as well as the subsystem contribution to failure are specifically addressed. Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation, a Single Weibull and a 2-Weibull mixture parametric model are fitted to the non-parametric data. Furthermore, by combining developers’ beliefs on several reliability aspects from a survey conducted in late 2014 with data from past missions, we make a first attempt to correlate space engineering “best guesses” and intuition to actual data. Finally, the probabilistic CubeSat reliability estimation tool is introduced as a method to reduce the infant mortality of CubeSats: CubeSat developers should be able to estimate their required functional testing time on subsystem and system level at an early project stage, while targeting a desired reliability goal on their CubeSat.
Employment Transitions and Suicide Ideation among Echo Generation

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between employment transitions and suicide ideation among the echo generation. Methods: This study used survey data from the 2008 and 2010 Seoul Welfare Panel Study (Wave I, II). The sample population was restricted to the echo generation aged between18 and 31, and the total of 882 samples were included in the final dataset. Employment transitions were categorized into four groups. The groups were defined as ‘employed-employed’, ‘unemployed-employed’, ‘employedunemployed’, and ‘unemployed-unemployed’. We used logistic regression to find out the association between employment transitions and suicide ideation among the echo generation. Results: ‘Employed-unemployed’ and ’unemployed-unemployed’ groups were likely to have an association with depression (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 1.51; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.59) accordingly. ‘Unemployed-unemployed’ group also was related to suicide ideation (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.42). Interestingly, ‘unemployed-employed’ group showed a strong association with suicide ideation among the echo generation (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 3.75 to 3.95). Conclusion: Experience in unemployment increases the risk of depression and suicide ideation. Moreover, the precarious job also increases the risk of suicide ideation.
Accomplishing The Sustainable Development Goals as A Method in Women Confronting Terrorism

This paper focuses on the accomplishment of the sustainable development goals as a method in women to confront terrorism. Women have the crucial role in confronting terrorism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efforts that are made by local governments in achieving SDGs. In the achievement of this research, qualitative research method is utilized. This research found that women empowerment measures relates to the ability of women engagement in the economic sector. Women need to be improved their knowledge on the various economic opportunities. The research supports the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals that has 17 goals. The accomplishment of SDGs, especially declining the poverty line of the society is one strategic initiative to fight terrorism. Keywords—confront terrorism, women, economic opportunity, sustainable development goals
Resilience at Work

An ecological conceptualisation of resilience was one of the major orientating concepts for this doctoral research which used critical realist methodology to gain explanatory insight into the job retention challenges faced by employees recovering from mental health problems. Methods involved a literature review of qualitative job retention research, a comparative case study approach, and service user collaboration. One case study comprised seven employed people who were using acute mental health services. The second comparative case study comprised fourteen users of a community-based job retention project. Work mattered to people during recovery because of feelings of guilt about not working, and because some feared that work had, or could, exacerbate their mental health problems. Such fears co-existed with a strong sense that work was an important part of people's lives in terms of finance, social capital, occupational capital and personal capital. These assets were under threat, but they also had the potential to be deployed to support a resilient recovery. Participants were on complex and uncertain return-to-work journeys, facing a combination of internal and external obstacles. Barriers arose from the direct impacts of mental health problems, external and internalised stigma, job demands and the workplace environment - particularly relationships with colleagues and, above all, managers. Findings suggest that return-to-work trajectories are likely to be more successful and sustainable when such challenges are addressed. Broader implications were that occupational and ecological resilience perspectives can be integrated to help understand the challenges people with mental health problems encounter when seeking to retain employment.
Analysing the land-use change effects on soil erosion and sediment in the North of Iran; a case study: Talar watershed

Abstract This research aims at predicting the future land-use and examining the effects of the land-use changes on the present and future soil erosion and sediment delivery. Then, Land Change Modeler (LCM) and Geo-spatial Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP) were applied. Annual suspended sediment derived from sediment rating curves in Talar Watershed, Iran was used to evaluate the GeoWEPP. The predicted sediment load values of 2016 by GeoWEPP in the likely zone of 0.5 for Shirgah-Talar and Valikbon hydrometric stations were achieved respectively as 756094 and 62082.8 ton. Moreover, the mean annual sediment delivery per unit area of 2000, 2010, 2016 and 2030 were calculated respectively as 37.5, 43, 49.4 and 53.2 (t/ha.yr). The reason for the acquired incremental trend of the soil loss and sediment delivery was the land-use change. The results proved the acceptable performance of LCM combined by GeoWEPP to predict the nearby land-use and related sediment delivery.
Working with the community. Good practices in Rotterdam

In this paper two case studies are presented as examples of potentially good practices to reinforce community. In this paper these projects are put against the wider complex societal framework of globalization. Processes of globalization and migration have changed Dutch society. Globalization and immigration have lead to the development of a multicultural society, and in its slipstream social issues such as integration, inclusion and exclusion and in the recent years the question about Dutch identity and citizenship. Identity consist both of local and transnational identification processes. Multicultural society can be observed in the urban areas within western modern societies. Globalization processes can locally be seen in the multicultural, multiethnic neighbourhoods of western city life. Urbanized society can be characterized as ‘glocal’, an interesting contraction of global and local. ‘Multiculturalization’ of Dutch society has caused some problems between different ethnic groups but has never lead to social unrest as in France or multicultural violence in Britain the first decade of this century though how different the social circumstances in these countries might have been and the multicultural backgrounds of the conflict can be questioned as the cause of the conflicts (Community Cohesion 2001). However, there is a sense of discomfort, of uneasiness, between Dutch and immigrated non-western Dutch, especially after 9-11, the rise and murder of the right wing dandy politician Pim Fortuyn and the killing of the Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh.
Joint inversion methods with relative density offset correction for muon tomography and gravity data, with application to volcano imaging

Muography is a relatively new geophysical imaging method that uses muons to provide estimates of average densities along particular lines of sight. Muography can only see above the horizontal elevation of the detector and it is therefore attractive to attempt a joint inversion of muography data with gravity data, which is also responsive to density but generally requires combination with another geophysical data set to overcome issues related to non-uniqueness and poor depth resolution. Some previous work has investigated this joint inverse problem and demonstrated the potential improvements to be gained by jointly inverting muography and gravity data. However, there has yet to be a thorough investigation of different numerical approaches for formulating the joint inverse problem. Particularly important is how to account for the fact that even though the two data types are sensitive to the same physical quantity, density, they respond through different response functions. Moreover, the two measurements are affected by different systematic uncertainties that are difficult to model. In this work, we considered an approximation where the two density quantities, inferred from the two data types, can be related by an unknown scalar offset. We considered various existing and new joint inversion methods that might solve this problem and we applied them to a synthetic volcano imaging scenario based on the Puy de Dome volcano in the Central Massif region of France. We used unstructured meshes in our modelling to adequately honour the significant topography in that scenario. Our experiments indicated that the most successful joint inversion method for this type of geological scenario was one in which the data misfit function is reformulated to automatically determine the best-fitting offset following a least-squares minimization argument. However, other approaches showed merit and we suggest several of the investigated methods be applied and compared for any specific joint inversion scenario.
Exploring the Interplay Between Passive Following on Facebook, Fear of Missing out, Self-esteem, Social Comparison, Age, and Life Satisfaction in a Community-based Sample

Facebook is amongst the most frequently used Social Networking Sites (SNSs) worldwide. Previous research reported SNS use such as Facebook use may have both positive and negative psychological impact on users, particularly with regards to users’ psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction. To fully acknowledge the extent to which SNS use may affect psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction, different forms of SNS use and experiences need to be taken into account by researchers. There is currently a lack of research investigating how Passive Facebook Use may impact on users’ well being. The present study sought to investigate how passive following on Facebook, fear of missing out, selfesteem, social comparison, and age may affect life satisfaction. A sample of 196 Facebook users (Mean age = 31.16, SD = 8.75) completed an online survey consisting of several psychometric tools. Overall, the results obtained suggest that life satisfaction may be differentially affected by a wide range of SNS-related experiences such as social comparison and fear of missing out. The implications of these findings for the use of SNSs are discussed.
Effects of femoral head diameter on the predicted acetabular cup wear volume of CP-Ti and UHMWPE hip implants

Numerical investigation is a method capable to study the expensive and long-time duration wear problems in biotribology. The technique has been used to predict the wear of hip implants specially those made from metal on polymer biomaterials. This research studied the effect of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) femoral head diameter on the wear volume of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup. Diameter variations are 22 mm, 28 mm and 32 mm. Hip implant models were created and the numerical approximations conducted with the finite element method. Wear calculations used a nonlinear load and contact area mathematical model. A Python script was developed to proceed the calculations. Accurate wear predictions can be obtained with the use of fine elements those maximum contact loads are closer to the physiological load. Verification with experimental data on the 32 mm femoral head model shows a good agreement with error rates below 1%.
PREVENTION OF EPILEPSY BY LOW-DOSE ARTESUNATE + ESOMEPRAZOLE-FUROSEMIDE SEQUENTIAL THERAPY.

Very recent findings indicate an important neuromodulatory role for astrocytes in altering neural circuit activity and behaviour. Artesunate, esomeprazole and furosemide are now verified agents that modulate noxious agents-induced hazardous orchestra via ATPP2X7R-P2YINLRP3-A2AR signalling in astrocytes. Their mechanisms of action converge on down-regulating hyperglutamatergic excitotoxicity-and caspase-I-induced pyroptosis. They are therfore in a position to downregulate inflammatory-related oxidative stress implicated in the mechanisms of chronic CNS diseases such as type 2 diabetes-induced complications, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. Importantly, these agents, which also exhibit anti-malarial activities, may become significant alternatives to present AEDs which are associated with short-comings such as drug resistance, cognitive decline, oxidative stress and even metabolic syndrome. In the present study, the effect of intermittent low-dose artesunate + esomeprazole and furosemide sequential therapy was investigated for their anti-epileptic effects. In children, intermittent use of these agents over a period of 4 months significantly (P< 0.05) abrogated seizure recurrence in six patients with epilepsy and status epilepticus studied. Episodes of fever were also reduced in those who were placed on the sequential combination therapy. The drugs deserve careful attention in our locality where malaria, other infections and birth injuries have co-operated to maintain, at least, a sustained prevalence rate of epilepsy and related illnesses. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 6.647 Volume 6, Issue 8, 183-194 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 Article Received on 12 June 2017, Revised on 02 July 2017, Accepted on 23 July 2017, DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20178-9856 *Corresponding Author
Zmspk1, a member of plant snrk2 subfamily in maize enhances tolerance to salt in transgenic Arabidopsis.

SnRK2s play a key role in the plant stress signaling transduction pathway. In previous study, ZmSPK1, a SnRK2 member has been cloned from maize. Expression pattern analyses showed that ZmSPK1 is induced by mannitol, salt and ABA. To investigate its role under stresses, in this study, ZmSPK1 was subcloned into the plant expression vector pGreen0029 under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transferred into Arabidopsis by Agrobacterium tumefaciens . When treated with salt, compared to wild type, transgenic Arabidopsis grow better, have higher seedling fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), proline content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; whereas, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the relative electric conductivity of transgenic plants are kept to a relative lower level. Our results suggest that ZmSPK1 may play an important role in salt resistance.
Resistance of early maturity maize genotypes to southern corn leaf blight

In order to study the resistance of early maize genotypes to Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) or Maydis Leaf Blight (MLB), RCBD experiments with 20 inbred lines and hybrids in 2014 and 16 genotypes in 2015 were conducted at Karaj and Sari Stations. Inoculation was carried out with spore suspension using syringe (3ml/each whorl) firstly at 3–4 leaf stage of maize, and then, sorghum grain inoculated with fungus was applied at 6–8 leaf stage in whorl of each plant using the bazooka technique. Evaluation was done on the basis of disease progress at pollination stage and two weeks after pollination stage with scale 0–5. The results of variance analysis and mean comparison showed that there are different reactions among genotypes to disease. In this study, in 2014, 15% genotypes categorized into resistant group, and these were genotypes: KE 77003/10 × KE 75039, KE 72012/12 × K1263/1 (KSC 400), and K 2331 × KE 75039. Among 16 genotypes in 2015, three hybrids – No. 16 with pedigree (KE 76009/311× K 1264/5-1), No. 10 with pedigree (K 2331 × KE 75039) and No. 9 with pedigree KSC 400 (KE 72012/12 × K1263/1) – were identified as resistant hybrids that can be a good source of resistance to SCLB.
Bending of a single crystal: discrete dislocation and nonlocal crystal plasticity simulations

We have recently proposed a nonlocal continuum crystal plasticity theory that is based on a statistical-mechanics description of the collective behaviour of dislocations. Kinetic equations for the dislocation density fields have been derived from the equation of motion of individual dislocations and have been coupled to a continuum description of single slip. Dislocation nucleation, the material resistance to dislocation glide and dislocation annihilation are included in the formulation. The theory is applied, in this paper, to the problem of bending of a single-crystal strip in plane strain, using parameter values obtained previously from fitting to discrete dislocation results of a different boundary value problem. A numerical solution of the problem is obtained using a finite element method. The bending moment versus rotation angle and the evolution of the dislocation structure are analysed for different orientations and specimen sizes with due consideration of the role of geometrically necessary dislocations. The results are compared to those of discrete dislocation simulations of the same problem. Without any additional fitting of the parameters, the continuum theory is able to describe the dependence on slip plane orientation and on specimen size.
A Functionalist Theory of Oversight

The literature on oversight provides various approaches that have been used to measure oversight effectiveness. They include inferring oversight from the quality of governance, equating it with the presence of oversight activities as well as equating it with oversight capacity. However all these approaches are problematic as they wrongly consider oversight to be unidimensional. As a result they tend to produce measures that are too general and vague to provide a meaningful assessment of oversight effectiveness. It is in this context that this paper identifies the structural elements of oversight and goes on to contend that since oversight is a multifaceted activity a more appropriate way to measure its effectiveness must assess how effective an oversight activity is in performing a specific function. We finally argue that parliaments/parliamentarians are more likely to effectively perform their oversight function if they believe their actions will be rewarded by the electorate.