Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silicon etching mechanism and anisotropy in CF4+O2 plasma

From measurements of optical emission and silicon etch rate, we are able to separate contributions due to the chemical etching and the ion‐bombardment enhanced etching in the CF4+O2 reactive ion etching process. The chemical etching part of undoped polysilicon etch rates is linearly proportional to the ground state fluorine population and the ion bombardment part is proportional to the dc self‐bias voltage (V2.3bi). The chemical etching predominates during plasma etching, giving rise to the isotropic etch profile, while both the chemical etching and the ion‐bombardment enhanced etching mechanisms coexist during reactive ion etching. A degree of the etch anisotropy in reactive ion etching is determined by competition between the chemical etching and the ion‐bombardment enhanced etching, and can be expressed by an equation which only involves two physical quantities, etch rate and fluorine concentration, experimentally measurable in plasma etching and reactive ion etching. The silicon loading effect leads t.
Lumen and mucosa-associated Lactobacillus rhamnosus from the intestinal tract of organ donors

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the intra-individual spatial and regional distribution of intestinal microbial populations is essential to understand gut host–microbial interactions. In this study, we performed a compositional analysis of luminal and mucosal samples from the small and large intestine of four organ donors by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Since the human microbiota is subject to selection pressure at lower taxonomic levels, we isolated over 400 bacterial strains and investigated strain-level variation of 11 Lactobacillus rhamnosus from different intestinal regions. Results substantiate reported inter-individual variability as well as intra-individual differences along the gastrointestinal tract. Although the luminal and mucosal-associated communities were similar within individuals, relative abundance reflected the donors’ demographic and potential pathologies. The total bacterial load of all donors increased from small intestine to colon, while Bifidobacterium was in greater abundance in the small intestine. Comparative genomic analysis of L. rhamnosus showed the strains segregated into two distinct clusters and identified no features specific to location. Analysis revealed genetic differences for exopolysaccharide production, carbohydrate utilization, pilus formation and vitamin K biosynthesis between clusters. This study contributes to the understanding of niche-specific microbial communities, encouraging subsequent studies to better understand microbial signatures at lower taxonomic levels.
Epidemiological Descriptive Analysis of Disease Outbreaks in 2019 in Sudan

Background: Sudan has often faced outbreaks of malaria, the life-threatening waterborne disease. In 2019, the country experienced an outbreak of six different infectious diseases, i.e., cholera, chikungunya, dengue fever, diphtheria, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological descriptive analysis of data of these disease outbreaks to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of outbreaks and to estimate the magnitude of the diseases. Methods: The data consisted of the number of cases and deaths due to disease outbreaks of cholera, chikungunya, dengue fever, diphtheria, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. We analyzed the reports of an investigation conducted by the World Health Organization and the Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan. Descriptive statistics and case fatality rate (CFR) were used in this study. Results: The frequency of disease occurrence was as follows: cholera (344 cases), chikungunya (308 cases), dengue fever (4236 cases), diphtheria (105 cases), malaria (5,188,135 cases) and River Valley fever (567 cases). The CFRs for cholera, chikungunya, are diphtheria were 4.3%, 2.05%, and 9.5%, respectively. The mortality rate of malaria was 0.0013. The states most affected by outbreaks of these diseases in Sudan were the western states. Women were at a higher risk for all diseases, except River Valley fever. Conclusions: This study highlights the patterns of the outbreak of these diseases in Sudan and provides a basis for future scientific research.
Synthesis and characterization of hexakis(alkyl isocyanide) and hexakis(aryl isocyanide) complexes of technetium(I)

The complexes, hexakis(alkyl isocyanide) technetium(I) hexafluorophosphate (Tc(CNR)/sub 6/)PF/sub 6/ (where R = tert-butyl, methyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl), have been prepared by reduction of the pertechnetate ion with aqueous sodium dithionite (Na/sub 2/S/sub 2/O/sub 4/) in the presence of the isocyanide ligands. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, optical, ir, and /sup 1/H NMR spectroscopy, conductance, cyclic voltammetry, and field desorption mass spectrometry.
A profile shape correction to reduce the vertical sensitivity of cosmic‐ray neutron sensing of soil moisture

In recent years, cosmic‐ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has shown a large potential among proximal sensing techniques to monitor soil moisture noninvasively, with high frequency and a large support volume (radius up to 240 m and sensing depth up to 80 cm). This signal is, however, more sensitive to closer distances and shallower depths. Inherently, CRNS‐derived soil moisture is a spatially weighted value, different from an average soil moisture as retrieved by a sensor network. In this study, we systematically test a new profile shape correction on CRNS‐derived soil moisture, based on additional soil moisture profile measurements and vertical unweighting, which is especially relevant during pronounced wetting or drying fronts. The analyses are conducted with data collected at four contrasting field sites, each equipped with a CRNS probe and a distributed soil moisture sensor network. After applying the profile shape correction on CRNS‐derived soil moisture, it is compared with the sensor network average. Results show that the influence of the vertical sensitivity of CRNS on integral soil moisture values is successfully reduced. One to three properly located profile measurements within the CRNS support volume improve the performance. For the four investigated field sites, the RMSE decreased 11–53% when only one profile location was considered. We therefore recommend to install along with a CRNS at least one soil moisture profile in a radial distance <100 m and a measurement depth down to 50 cm. Profile‐shape‐corrected, CRNS‐derived soil moisture is an unweighted integral soil moisture over the support volume, which is easier to interpret and easier to use for further applications.
Ovarian function and pregnancy of dairy goats supplemented with pequi oil

The objective of the work in question was to evaluate the ovarian function of Saanen goats supplemented with pequi oil. The experiment was carried out at the IFCE Ovine Caprinoculture vivarium, campus Crato. Eight pure Saanen goats were used, weighing an average of 1025,15 pounds, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments. The first treatment constituted soy oil as the lipid source and the second treatment with pequi oil. Two estrous cycles were evaluated to analyze the reproductive parameters of the females. In the first cycle, a non-castrated sheep was used as a ruffian to identify estrus, and the ovarian function was evaluated for the presence and number of follicles by ultrasound. In the second cycle, a Saanen was used in order to mate with the females. Ultrasound was performed to assess conception, fertility and prolificacy rates. The computer software SAEG 9.1 was used to analyze the values obtained. It was found that females supplemented with soybean oil stood out in comparison to goats treated with pequi oil, except for body weight, follicular diameter and body condition score, concluding that the use of pequi oil for Saanen goats it presents itself as an economically unfeasible alternative, as it has a higher acquisition value. Keywords— Goat, estral cycle, flushing, energetic, reproduction animal.
Transformer Encoder With Multi-Modal Multi-Head Attention for Continuous Affect Recognition

Continuous affect recognition is becoming an increasingly attractive research topic in affective computing. Previous works mainly focused on modelling the temporal dependency within a sensor modality, or adopting early or late fusion for multi-modal affective state recognition. However, early fusion suffers from the curse of dimensionality, and late fusion ignores the complementarity and redundancy between multiple modal streams. In this paper, we first introduce the transformer-encoder with a self-attention mechanism and propose a Convolutional Neural Network-Transformer Encoder (CNN-TE) framework to model the temporal dependency for single modal affect recognition. Further, to effectively consider the complementarity and redundancy between multiple streams we propose a Transformer Encoder with Multi-modal Multi-head Attention (TEMMA) for multi-modal affect recognition. TEMMA allows to progressively and simultaneously refine the inter-modality interactions and intra-modality temporal dependency. The learned multi-modal representations are fed to an Inference Sub-network with fully connected layers to estimate the affective state. The proposed framework is trained in a nutshell and demonstrates its effectiveness on the AVEC2016 and AVEC2019 datasets. Compared to state-of-the-art models, our approach obtains remarkable improvements on both arousal and valence in terms of concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) reaching 0.583 for arousal and 0.564 for valence on the AVEC2019 test set.
Negawatt planning via stochastic programming

: Power suppliers generate electricity constantly to ensure that the power generated equals demand. The vast daily fluctuations in electricity demand result in very high generation costs. One of the solutions to this problem is known as negawatt trading. This is a contract between power suppliers and customers that involves the promise of a fixed amount of power demand reduction in advance. In this study, a stochastic programming model is formulated for a negawatt planning operation, considering the uncertainty of the power demand and the probability of the customer’s failure to reduce it. The stochastic programming method was used to optimise the operation, maximising the profit for customers, and its effect was verified. The experiment results show that customers can choose an operation method tailored to their strategy while controlling the value of the failure probability. Compared to using a deterministic model, this stochastic programming model ensures high profits and a stable supply to consumers.
Throughput performance of mmWave HetNets using three-sector picocell

: Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) which combine with macro-cell and picocell in the same coverage are key technology to increase the sys-tem capacity. Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is expected to achieve higher data rates or user throughput in ﬁfth-generation (5G) mobile systems. In HetNets, cell range expansion (CRE) technique, which virtually expands the picocell coverage using cell selection oﬀset (CSO), is very important. In this paper, we investigate average and 5-percentile user throughput of the mmWave HetNets using three-sector picocell as a function of CSO in the CRE using system-level computer simulations. We also compare the throughput with those of non-sector picocell, i.e., omni picocell. We conﬁrmed that a CSO of 36 dB can provide the best performance, assuming that the signal bandwidth of picocell is 10 times wider than that of microcell. We also con-ﬁrmed that the proposed “three-sector picocell” can improve the average and 5-percentile user throughputs by 2.1 and 1.8 times, respectively, compared with conventional “omni picocell”.
Removal of organic compounds from landfill leachate by Fenton process in combination with acidification, precipitation and lime coagulation

This paper presents research aimed at comparing the efficiency of organic compound removal from landfill leachates using acidification and precipitation, lime coagulation, and FeSO4 in combination with highly efficient Fenton oxidation. The tested leachate originated from a stabilized solid waste landfill characterized by high salinity and a significant content of organic pollutants expressed as the chemical oxygen demand (COD) indicator. The research was carried out using variable dose reagents in the coagulation process as well as hydrogen peroxide and iron in the Fenton method. The precipitation process was carried out in leachate samples in the pH range of 1.6–2. Basic analytical tests included the measurements of color, COD, total organic carbon (TOC), UV254nm absorbance, 16 PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and selected heavy metals in raw waste. The obtained results indicate the possibility of the effective removal of impurities using CaO, FeSO4 coagulation, and the Fenton method. Relatively high efficiency of removing organic compounds from the effluents that was obtained after the acidification process, where there is intensive precipitation of the suspension at a pH below 2. After removing the precipitate, decreases in color, COD and TOC, and UV254nm absorbance were obtained by 55.1%, 32.3%, 27.4%, and 41.9%, respectively. In addition, in such treated effluents, an increase in the efficiency of Fenton impurities removal has been recorded. In this case the COD reduction was 82%, TOC 77%, and UV254nm 89.6%. Slightly higher removal efficiency of color 98.8% and COD 82.7% was observed only in the Fenton process after lime coagulation.
Synthesis of an amino‐terminated hyperbranched polymer and its application in reactive dyeing on cotton as a salt‐free dyeing auxiliary

A water-soluble amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer was synthesised from methyl acrylate and diethylene triamine by melt polycondensation. Its molecular weight and possible structure were characterised by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The zeta potential of cotton fabrics treated with the aqueous solution of the amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (6 g dm−3) in the presence of citric acid (2 g dm−3) and sodium hypophosphite (3 g dm−3) of the liquid phase is positive at pHs lower than 7.5. Dyed with reactive dyes, the treated cotton fabric displayed a markedly enhanced colour strength, even when dyeing had been carried out in the absence of the electrolyte. The washing fastness, rubbing fastness and levelling properties of the dyed, treated cotton fabrics were also good compared with that obtained by conventional dyeing. The dyeing behaviour of Reactive Brilliant Yellow A-4GLN on treated cotton fabric was examined and found to follow a Langmuir-type adsorption curve. It is concluded that the amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer can be used as a salt-free auxiliary in reactive dyeing on cotton.
The beneficial effects of green tea on human health: an updated review

Green tea is un-fermented product of Camellia species. The leaves of both Camellia sinensis and Camellia assamica, are used for the production of green tea, but C. assamica is mainly used for the production of black tea. Green tea is widely produced from the leaves of C. sinensis, now a day’s which is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Over the past 50 years or more, scientists have studied this plant with respect to potential health benefits. Research has shown that the main components of green tea that are associated with health benefits are the catechins. The four main catechins found in green tea are: (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Of these four, EGCG is present in the largest quantity, and so has been used in most of the researches. Among the important health benefits of green tea are: anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, and benefits in cardiovascular disease and oral health. Research has been carried out using various animal models and cells lines, and is now more and more being carried out in humans. This type of research will help us to better understand the direct benefits of green tea. This review will focus primarily on researches conducted on human subjects to investigate the health benefits of green tea.
Design and Implementation of Log Data Analysis Management System Based on Hadoop

: With the rapid development of the Internet, many enterprises have launched their network platforms. When users browse, search, and click the products of these platforms, most platforms will keep records of these network behaviors, these records are often heterogeneous, and it is called log data. To effectively to analyze and manage these heterogeneous log data, so that enterprises can grasp the behavior characteristics of their platform users in time, to realize targeted recommendation of users, increase the sales volume of enterprises’ products, and accelerate the development of enterprises. Firstly, we follow the process of big data collection, storage, analysis, and visualization to design the system, then, we adopt HDFS storage technology, Yarn resource management technology, and gink load balancing technology to build a Hadoop cluster to process the log data, and adopt MapReduce processing technology and data warehouse hive technology analyze the log data to obtain the results. Finally, the obtained results are displayed visually, and a log data analysis system is successfully constructed. It has been proved by practice that the system effectively realizes the collection, analysis and visualization of log data, and can accurately realize the recommendation of products by enterprises. The system is stable and effective.
Bifunctional N-Doped Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalysts

We have successfully prepared visible-light-active mesoporous N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) photocatalysts by the precipitation of titanyl oxalate complex ([TiO(C2O4)2]2−) by ammonium hydroxide at a low temperature followed by calcination at different temperatures. The structures of N-TiO2 photocatalysts have been characterized in detail by means of powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms, infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV−vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope. The calcination process of the catalyst precursor was also studied by means of temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy. N-TiO2 photocatalysts exhibit comparable UV-light activity and visible-light activity in the photodegradation of methyl orange. The doped N species locates at the interstitial sites in TiO2, which leads to the band gap narrowing of TiO2. A novel and interesting result is that N-doped TiO2 calcined at 400 °C (N-TiO2-400) has Bronsted acid sites arising.
What If? Tinkering with the Counterfactual: A Comment on US–Washing Machines (Article 22.6-US)

Abstract Typically, the WTO Arbitrator, when charged with evaluating the permissible level of countermeasures (suspension of concessions), has chosen a counterfactual state of the world where the challenged (illegal) measure has not been adopted at all. The Arbitrator then would calculate the trade lost because of the adopted (illegal) measure, and thus, decide on the level of permissible countermeasures. In US–Washing Machines (Article 22.6-US), deviating from this custom, the Arbitrator adopted a different counterfactual, assuming that the complainant had adopted a different, ‘reasonable’ measure. The Arbitrator then evaluated the trade lost based on the distance between the adopted (illegal) and the ‘reasonable’ measure and calculated the level of countermeasures. In this paper, we explain the multitude of perils facing dispute settlement if this approach is adopted in future disputes. We also advance a few thoughts on rethinking the workings of the Arbitrator when measuring the level of permissible countermeasures, since similar slippery slopes risk being reproduced in future cases.
PREVALENCE OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER IN PATIENTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / PREVALÊNCIA DE DISTÚRBIO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR EM PACIENTES COM FIBROMIALGIA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) and Fibromyalgia (FM) may share similar signs and symptoms. Among them, muscle pain may be involved and significantly reduce the quality of life of these patients. AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of TMD in patients with FM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this systematic review six electronic databases (LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Web of Science), as well as three grey literature databases (Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest) were searched. Cross-sectional studies were selected by two independent reviewers and analyzed in two-phases, following the PRISMA statement. Risk of bias was assessed through the MASTARI (Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument for observational studies from the Joana Briggs Institute). RESULTS: From 660 articles, 51 were eligible for full-text reading and six were finally included. None of the articles met all quality methodological criteria. Therefore, considering the overall risk of bias, one article was judged with moderate risk and five with low risk of bias. A heterogeneity was considered high; thus, a meta-analysis was not performed. From the qualitative analysis it was possible to determine that between 13% to 87.1% of patients with FM can present TMD. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TMD in patients with FM ranged from 13% to 87.1%. It is suggested that further studies be carried out, mainly with longitudinal design and better quality methodology to help answer whether fibromyalgia is a risk factor for the development of TMDs.
Trabalhadoras domésticas no Brasil: sujeitos ou sujeitadas na classe, no gênero e na raça?

Revisitamos escritos sobre trabalhadoras domesticas, com enfase em seu processo de organizacao sindical. Ressalta-se o interesse das sindicalistas em ser reconhecidas como parte da classe trabalhadora. Classe que cada vez mais descola subjetividades de experiencias vividas em entrelacamentos de diferentes processos sociais, como genero e raca. Classe diversificada em termos de composicao social e lugar historico na formacao capitalista. Um debate classico sobre o trabalho domestico no campo feminista marxista e acessado, e apresentam-se dados sobre o perfil das “domesticas” no Brasil de hoje e como elas estao afirmando resistencias nestes tempos de pandemia e barbarie. Palavras-chave: Plataformizacao da economia; Trabalho; Emprego; Direito do trabalho.
Comparison of Vitronectin and Fibronectin as Substrates during the Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The feeder free culturing of pluripotent stem cells aims to eliminate the use of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as substrate during in vitro culturing. Here, the potential of fibronectin and vitronectin to keep stem cells undifferentiated was compared using two different stem cell lines (HUES1 and HUES7). Cells were cultured on vitronectin and fibronectin for 3 weeks. Results showed that cells cultured in fibronectin appear to adhere slightly well initially while those in vitronectin detached and bulked up in culture. However, cells cultured on either substrate were well attached and expressed Oct4 and Nanog at the end of the 3-week protocols. This signals the capacity of both vitronectin and fibronectin to keep stem cells undifferentiated after a few passages. Such comparisons of stem cell culture substrates allow the maximization of stem cell culture conditions that are specific to the cell line in use.