Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation levels and asparagine synthetase expression in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells.

The regulation of asparagine synthetase in wild type Chinese hamster ovary cells and in several mutant strains containing defective aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases has been studied. When wild type cells are transferred from complete medium to medium lacking asparagine, the extent of aminoacylation of tRNA*“” decreases and asparagine synthetase activity increases. Similar results are observed when a mutant containing a temperature-sensitive asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is transferred from permissive to restrictive conditions. Upon readdition of asparagine to wild type cells or transfer of mutant cells to permissive conditions, the extent of aminoacylation of tRNA*“” is rapidly increased and the activity of asparagine synthetase slowly decreases. An inverse correlation between the extent of tRNA*“” aminoacylation and the level of asparagine synthetase activity is observed when the mutant containing a defective asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is grown in media containing a range of asparagine concentrations. Mutants with altered leucyl-, methionyl-, and lysyltRNA synthetases alr,o have elevated asparagine synthetase activity when grown under conditions that lead to decreased aminoacylation of their cognate tRNA species. Under these conditions tRNA*“” is fully aminoacylated. The kinetics of asparagine synthetase activity regulation is very similar under conditions of asparagine deprivation or restricted charging of tRNA’““. Experiments with cycloheximide and emetine suggest that the increased asparagine synthetase activity in the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase mutants is not due to a decreased rate of protein synthesis in these cells. Therefore, elevated asparagine synthetase activity is correlated with decreased aminoacylation of several, if not all, tRNAs. This result seems to rule out a specific and direct mechanism based solely on the extent of aminoacylation of tRNA*“” in the regulation of asparagine synthetase levels in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
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Kahalalides: Bioactive Peptides from a Marine Mollusk Elysia rufescens and Its Algal Diet Bryopsis sp.(1).

In addition to the previously reported bioactive kahalalide F six new peptides are described. Six of these, including kahalalide F, are cyclic depsipeptides, ranging from a C(31) tripeptide to a C(75) tridecapeptide isolated from a sacoglossan mollusk, Elysiarufescens. The mollusk feeds on a green alga, Bryopsis sp. , which has also been shown to elaborate some of these peptides in smaller yields, in addition to an acyclic analog of F, kahalalide G. The bioassay results of antitumor, antiviral, antimalarial, and OI (activity against AIDS opportunistic infections) tests are reported.
Preliminary integrated indoor radon measurements in Transylvania (Romania)

Measurements of indoor radon concentrations were performed in 406 residential houses in five counties (Cluj, Bihor, Alba, Bistrita, and Sibiu) using Makrofol and CR-39 alpha-track detectors. From our measurements, an average indoor radon concentration of 82.5 Bq m−3 for the Transylvanian population was calculated, i.e. an annual effective dose of 2.4 mSv for the whole body. The calculated dose is 62% higher than that previously reported but yet below the recommended action level of ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). A log-normal distribution of the radon concentration was obtained for the studied counties, excluding some higher values from the Stei region – a radon-prone area in Transylvania. For the Stei region, the data show a dual log-normal distribution of the radon concentration with the second maximum being related to the houses built using uranium waste as a construction material. Assuming a cancer risk coefficient of 10−4/100 Bq m−3 year−1, one can estimate that about 600 lung cancer per year, for about 7,000,000 inhabitants of the Transylvania region, are due to radon inhalation.
The annual Pap test: a dubious policy success.

The annual Pap test became a recommended standard for American women without ever having been subjected to controlled trials to estimate its efficacy and effectiveness. After more than 30 years of routine use, the Pap test fails to meet most of the generally accepted criteria for a mass screening program. The policy persists, however, because the nation's ideology supports the maximum utilization of new technologies; and special interest groups have promoted the test as the major weapon in the "War on Cancer. " With some exceptions, this is a questionable allocation of public and private health resources.
Embolic Stroke As a Sequela of Cardiopulmonary Bypass

The pathophysiology of brain injury in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass remains unclear despite several decades of inquiry. The advent cit noninvasive high‐resolution brain and cerebrovascular imaging by magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography now permits in vivo assessment of pathophysiological mechanisms. Neuroradiographic and carotid duplex studies were performed in patients who developed neurological deficits following cardiopulmonary bypass. Among 30 symptomatic patients undergoing magnetic resonance or computed tomography brain scans, 18 (60%) had findings of acute ischemic injury. Embolic infarction was evident in 14 (78%) of these 18 patients. Watershed injury was the predominant finding in a single patient, while findings consistent with global anoxia were present in another patient. Carotid atheroemboli were excluded as a possible source of embolism in 11 patients whose carotid duplex studies were unremarkable preoperatively as well as in 3 further patients whose neuroradiographic findings did not correspond with their moderate carotid disease. It is concluded that infarction due to noncarotid embolism is the primary pathophysiology of neurological deterioration following cardiopulmonary bypass.
Substrain Differences Reveal Novel Disease-Modifying Gene Candidates That Alter the Clinical Course of a Rodent Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a rodent model of multiple sclerosis that is executed in animals by immunization with myelin Ag in adjuvant. The SJL/J autoimmune-prone strain of mouse has been used to model relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. However, significant variations in peak scores, timing of onset, and incidence are observed among laboratories, with the postacute (relapse) phase of the disease exhibiting significant inconsistency. We characterized two substrains of SJL/J mice that exhibit profoundly different EAE disease parameters. Induction of EAE in the first SJL/J substrain resulted in many cases of chronic EAE that was dominated by an aggressive B cell response to the immunizing Ag and to endogenous CNS Ags. In contrast, the other SJL/J substrain exhibited a relapsing–remitting form of EAE concomitant with an elevated number of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells in the CNS. Exploiting these interstrain differences, we performed a genome-wide copy number analysis on the two disparate SJL/J substrains and discovered numerous gene-dosage differences. In particular, one inflammation-associated gene, Naip1, was present at a higher copy number in the SJL/J substrain that exhibited relapsing–remitting EAE. These results demonstrate that substrain differences, perhaps at the level of genomic copy number, can account for variability in the postacute phase of EAE and may drive chronic versus relapsing disease.
Characterization of Oligomeric Human Half-ABC Transporter ATP-binding Cassette G2*

Human ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2, also known as mitoxantrone resistance protein, breast cancer-resistance protein, ABC placenta) is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that have a wide variety of substrates. Overexpression of human ABCG2 in model cancer cell lines causes multidrug resistance by actively effluxing anticancer drugs. Unlike most of the other ABC transporters which usually have two nucleotide-binding domains and two transmembrane domains, ABCG2 consists of only one nucleotide-binding domain followed by one transmembrane domain. Thus, ABCG2 has been thought to be a half-transporter that may function as a homodimer. In this study, we characterized the oligomeric feature of human ABCG2 using non-denaturing detergent perfluoro-octanoic acid and Triton X-100 in combination with gel filtration, sucrose density gradient sedimentation, and gel electrophoresis. Unexpectedly, we found that human ABCG2 exists mainly as a tetramer, with a possibility of a higher form of oligomerization. Monomeric and dimeric ABCG2 did not appear to be the major form of the protein. Further immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the oligomeric ABCG2 did not contain any other proteins. Taken together, we conclude that human ABCG2 likely exists and functions as a homotetramer.
Genetically Engineered Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Gene Therapy: Application for Treatment of Malignant Disease

ABSTRACT We report here the generation of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) able to produce the suicide gene product thymidine kinase (TK) or cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4). In vitro cells infected with the engineered viruses expressed remarkably high levels of biologically active TK or IL-4 and showed no defects in replication compared to the wild-type virus. Recombinant viruses retained their ability to induce potent apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, while normal cells were evidently more resistant to infection and were completely protected by interferon. Significantly, following direct intratumoral inoculation, VSV expressing either TK or IL-4 exhibited considerably more oncolytic activity against syngeneic breast or melanoma tumors in murine models than did the wild-type virus or control recombinant viruses expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Complete regression of a number of tumors was achieved, and increased granulocyte-infiltrating activity with concomitant, antitumor cytotoxic T-cell responses was observed. Aside from discovering greater oncolytic activity following direct intratumoral inoculation, however, we also established that VSV expressing IL-4 or TK, but not GFP, was able to exert enhanced antitumor activity against metastatic disease. Following intravenous administration of the recombinant viruses, immunocompetent BALB/c mice inoculated with mammary adenocarcinoma exhibited prolonged survival against lethal lung metastasis. Our data demonstrate the validity of developing novel types of engineered VSV for recombinant protein production and as a gene therapy vector for the treatment of malignant and other disease.
Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Phosphorylation and Activation of Human Cdc25-C at the G2/M Phase Transition in HeLa Cells*

The human tyrosine phosphatase (p54 cdc25-c ) is activated by phosphorylation at mitosis entry. The phosphorylated p54 cdc25-c in turn activates the p34-cyclin B protein kinase and triggers mitosis. Although the active p34-cyclin B protein kinase can itself phosphorylate and activate p54 cdc25-c , we have investigated the possibility that other kinases may initially trigger the phosphorylation and activation of p54 cdc25-c . We have examined the effects of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase II) on p54 cdc25-c . Our in vitro experiments show that CaM kinase II can phosphorylate p54 cdc25-c and increase its phosphatase activity by 2.5–3-fold. Treatment of a synchronous population of HeLa cells with KN-93 (a water-soluble inhibitor of CaM kinase II) or the microinjection of AC3-I (a specific peptide inhibitor of CaM kinase II) results in a cell cycle block in G2phase. In the KN-93-arrested cells, p54 cdc25-c is not phosphorylated, p34 cdc2 remains tyrosine phosphorylated, and there is no increase in histone H1 kinase activity. Our data suggest that a calcium-calmodulin-dependent step may be involved in the initial activation of p54 cdc25-c .
Vibrotactile thresholds at the sole of the foot: Effect of vibration frequency and contact location

Studies of vibration perception in the glabrous skin of the human hand have identified four mechanoreceptor channels, with each channel showing characteristic variations in thresholds with variations in the frequency of vibration and the area of vibration excitation. To advance understanding of the channels mediating vibration perception on the sole of the foot, this study determined how thresholds depend on the frequency of vibration, the location on the foot (the big toe, the ball of the foot, and the heel), and the gap between a vibrating probe and a fixed surround. Thresholds at the three locations were obtained at the 12 preferred one-third octave centre frequencies from 20 to 250 Hz using a 6-mm diameter probe with both a 10-mm and a 20-mm diameter surround. With the 10-mm surround, the displacement thresholds at all three locations showed flat responses from 20 to 40 Hz. With both the 10-mm and the 20-mm surround, the displacement thresholds at the three locations showed “U-shaped” responses from 40 to 250 Hz. Relative to thresholds obtained with the 20-mm surround, thresholds obtained with the 10-mm surround were lower at the toe and the heel with 20- and 25-Hz vibration, but higher at the ball of the foot with 31.5- to 250-Hz vibration. It is concluded that absolute thresholds for the perception of vibration at the sole of the foot show important variations with location and with contact conditions and tend to be mediated by the NP I channel in the range from about 20 to 40 Hz and the P channel from about 40 to 250 Hz.
Service layer components for decentralized applications

Im Vortrag wird gezeigt, wie diese Ergebnisse in industriellen Anwendungen genutzt werden konnen. Drei Anwendungsszenarien aus verschiedenen Industrieprojekten werden analysiert. Ausgehend vom Ergebnis dieser Analyse wird eine komponentenbasierte Architektur vorgeschlagen, die es erlaubt, aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten in industrielle Anwendungsbereiche zu ubertragen und fehlende Funktionalitat zu identifizieren. Fur jedes der drei Anwendungsszenarien wird eine neue Softwarekomponente vorgestellt, die die fehlende Funktionalitat bereitstellt und so den Einsatz von peer-to-peer-basierter Dezentralisierung in dem entsprechenden Szenario ermoglicht.
Increased Fibrinolysis and Platelet Activation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery

Reexploration for hemorrhage after cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Elderly cardiac surgical patients have an increased risk of excessive bleeding and reexploration. In the present study we investigated the perioperative hemostatic function in elderly patients compared with younger patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Twenty-five elderly (75 yr and older) and 25 younger (younger than 60 yr) patients were included in the study. Blood samples for the analysis of platelet counts, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, d-dimer, antithrombin, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, plasmin inhibitor, neutrophil-activating peptide 2, and platelet-monocyte complexes were drawn preoperatively, 30 min, and 3 h postoperatively and approximately 20 h postoperatively. Elderly patients had an increased activation of the hemostatic system. In particular, elderly patients showed a more pronounced increase in fibrinolysis and platelet activation postoperatively compared with younger patients.
Homotransplantation of the kidney in the human; supplemental report of a case.

Successful homotransplantation of human tissue is a subject of great interest to the medical profession. Because widely diversified and conflicting theories still exist as to the efficacy of this procedure (since most of the important experimental work has been done on laboratory animals and the results may not always be similar in man), and inasmuch as these conflicting views have led to an attempt to evaluate homografting in man, this study was made. The preliminary report of this case appeared inThe Journal, Nov. 4, 1950. 1 Therein it was reported that the operation took place on June 17, 1950. At that time a kidney from a woman of approximately the same age, blood type, and Rh type as the patient was transplanted to the renal pedicle of the patient after the removal of a polycystic left kidney. An end-to-end anastomosis of the renal vessels and ureter around a catheter
Comparison of 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine for PET-guided stereotactic brain biopsy of gliomas.

UNLABELLED We compared the contributions of the labeled tracers (11)C-methionine (Met) and (18)F-FDG for PET-guided stereotactic biopsy of brain gliomas. METHODS In 32 patients with glioma, stereotactic Met PET and (18)F-FDG PET were integrated in the planning of stereotactic brain biopsy. PET images were analyzed to determine which tracer offered the best information for target definition. The stereotactic coregistration of PET images allowed accurate comparison of the level, distribution, and extent of uptake for both tracers according to tumor location and grade. RESULTS A histologic diagnosis was obtained for all patients. All gliomas had an area of abnormal Met uptake, and 27 showed abnormal (18)F-FDG uptake. (18)F-FDG was used for target selection when its uptake was higher in tumor than in gray matter (14 gliomas). Seven were in the basal ganglia or brain stem. Met was used for target selection when there was no (18)F-FDG uptake or when (18)F-FDG uptake was equivalent to that in the gray matter (18 gliomas). Thirteen were in the cortex. Sixty-one of the 70 stereotactic trajectories obtained from the 32 patients were based on PET-defined targets and had an area of abnormal Met uptake. These 61 Met-positive trajectories always yielded a diagnosis of tumor. All nondiagnostic trajectories (n = 9) were obtained in areas with no increased uptake of Met. In all patients with increased uptake of both tracers, the focus of highest Met uptake corresponded to the focus of highest (18)F-FDG uptake. However, the extent of uptake of both tracers was variable. CONCLUSION Distributions of highest Met and (18)F-FDG uptake are similar in brain gliomas. Because Met provides a more sensitive signal, it is the molecule of choice for single-tracer PET-guided neurosurgical procedures in gliomas.
Purification and Chemical Composition of Reticulate Bodies of the Meningopneumonitis Organisms

Reticulate bodies of the meningopneumonitis (MP) microorganism were purified from L cells 18 hr after infection by the combination of differential centrifugation in 30% sucrose solution and potassium tartrate density gradient centrifugation. It was ascertained by electron microscopy that purified preparations of reticulate bodies obtained were almost entirely free of host-cell components and of infectious elementary bodies of MP microorganisms. Purified reticulate bodies were easily disrupted by mechanical agitation, and it was observed in shadowed preparation that ribosome-like particles 15 mμ in diameter were scattered from broken reticulate bodies. In shadowed preparations, reticulate bodies were found to range in size from 1.0 to 1.6 μ in diameter, but in cross-section the range was 0.5 to 1.0 μ. In these preparations, the purified reticulate bodies were irregular in shape, round or oval, and were composed of rather homogenous, amorphous, or reticulate material with moderate density. Some particles exhibited a less-dense internal structure, in which a coarse fibrous reticulum was seen. Chemical fractionation of 32P-labeled purified reticulate bodies showed that they contained three times more ribonucleic acid (RNA) than deoxyribonucleic acid, with the RNA being composed primarily of 21S, 16S, and 4S RNA. No infectivity of purified reticulate bodies could be demonstrated.
New techniques for labor analgesia: PCEA and CSE.

Overview Obstetric anesthesia has undergone a significant evolution over the past 2 decades. Prior to 1980, very few anesthesia practices had dedicated obstetric anesthesia personnel and few patients requested or received epidural analgesia. When they did receive an epidural, labor analgesia was typically administered by an intermittent bolus technique in which each time the patient requested analgesia additional local anesthetic was administered (a redose). This technique significantly increased workload since anesthesia personnel administered each redose. Relatively large boluses of concentrated local anesthetic were administered in an attempt to prolong the duration of analgesia and reduce the number of redoses. Unfortunately, undesirable side effects such as hypotension and motor blockade were also produced that made epidural analgesia relatively unpopular with the patients and the increased workload involved with redosing the epidural catheters made obstetric anesthesia an unpopular subspecialty. In the 1980s, infusion pumps were used to administer continuous infusions of epidural solutions. Continuous infusion techniques greatly reduced the need for redoses. In addition, relatively dilute concentrations of local anesthetic could be used to produce and maintain labor analgesia when administered continuously, which resulted in fewer side effects. With fewer side effects and improved administration techniques, the use of epidural analgesia in obstetrics significantly increased. Although administering local anesthetics by continuous infusion is a significant improvement over intermittent bolus administration, the primary drawback is that the set infusion rate might not be able to produce adequate analgesia throughout the patient’s entire labor since analgesic requirements typically increase as labor progresses. An ideal labor analgesic would produce prolonged pain relief without side effects and be flexible enough to accommodate the changing analgesic requirements throughout laCorrespondence:Robert D’Angelo, MD, Obstetric Anesthesia Forsyth Medical Center 3333 Silas Creek Pkwy Winston-Salem, NC 27103 E-mail: rdangelo@wfubmc. edu CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Volume 46, Number 3, 623–632 © 2003, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
THE STABILITY OF NON-DISSIPATIVE COUETTE FLOW IN HYDROMAGNETICS.

* Sponsored, in part, by the Office of Naval Research. Reproduction in whole or in part permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. 1 Walsh, J. L. , "A generalization of Faber's polynomials," Math. Annalen, 36, 23-33 (1958). 2 Walsh, J. L. , "Sur l'approximation par fonctions rationelles et par fonctions holomorphes bornees," Ann. di Mat. (4), 39, 267-277 (1955). 3The proof of (1) yields, for K not a power of 2, the bound '/2(K' 1) for some k. The corresponding region is still larger than f2, except for K = 3, where V = 1 3/4, versus V = 3 for RI, and V = 2 for R2.