Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of reduced perch-height separation on competition between two Anolis lizards

Some effects of the presence of Anolis bimaculatus (snout—vent length [SVL] 85 mm) on A. wattsi (SVL 49 mm) were assessed in a field experiment on the island of St. Eustatius, Netherlands Antilles. A. wattsi normally perches below 0.5 m. A. bimaculatus above 1.5 m. The effects of reducing this perch—height separation on the interaction of these species was studied in enclosures experimentally modified to contain A. wattsi alone, A. wattsi with A. bimaculatus and a normal range of available perch positions, or A. wattsi with A. bimaculatus but no available perch positions above 1.5 m in height. The presence of A. bimaculatus at normal perch heights caused A. wattsi to use perch positions with hotter microclimates and to be active at different times of day than when A. bimaculatus was absent, but A. bimaculatus did not affect the growth, egg production, or prey selection of A. wattsi during this study. Effects of perch—lowered A. bimaculatus on A. wattsi were identical, but the A. bimaculatus themselves had.
TOWARDS TRULY SMART CITY SERVICE PROVIDERS: A VIEW ON ON-DEMAND EVERYTHING AS A SERVICES

Internet of Things (IoT) connects a large number of devices/objects, and these devices are being increased that it is foretold their number will reach billions in the near future, and hence increasing the number of IoT-based services. IoT is built on and integrated with many existing technologies (e.g., wireless sensors, mobile computing, and cloud) which support its spreading and scalability and help it to overcome its known challenges like limited resources. Moreover, service composition supports IoT in the rapid development of new IoT applications leveraging the existing services. These paradigms and techniques are fundamental building blocks and enablers of smart cities. IoT service composition and IoT integration with the above-stated technologies have been addressed in research and industry works. In this paper, we review several types compositions and give our view on future smart city service providers. We also propose a location-aware architecture for integrating IoT services and mobile application services. The proposal is illustrated based on shopping mall scenario, and the high-level architecture is presented in this work.
PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF INOS-DEFICIENT ISLETS IN A MURINE ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANT MODEL

Aims: Cytokine-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO) by pancreatic islet cells has been suggested as one potential mechanism for beta cell destruction and primary non-function after islet transplantation. In this study, we investigated the impact of iNOS expression on islet cell survival in an allogeneic murine transplant model. Methods: C57BL/10 (H-2b) and iNOS-/(C57BL-background) donor islets were transplanted under the left renal capsule of streptozotocin induced diabetic C3H/He (H-2k) recipients. Islet function and survival was followed by daily assessment of blood glucose concentration and rejection defined as a return of glucose levels 200 mg/dl. To further assess the impact of systemic iNOS inhibition on graft survival, a novel compound, the 4-amino analogue of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4aminobiopterin), a pterin-based inhibitor of NO synthases was used. Animals were treated with H4aminobiopterin until p.o. d. 7. Graft survival was compared to a standard immunosuppressive treatment with Cyclosporine A (CsA) (15 mg/kg/d) for the same period of time. Results: Mean graft survival of C57BL/10 islets into untreated C3H/He recipients was 9.7 ( 2.3) days. A seven day treatment with CsA prolonged graft survival to 12 ( 2.0) days. When iNOS-deficient (-/-) islets were used, graft survival without systemic immunosuppression was significantly longer and reached a mean of 14.3 ( 0.6) days (p 0.5). Although we have previously shown that treatment with H4aminobiopterin for 8 days is effective in prolonging heart transplant survival in the same model, surprisingly no effect was noticed in the islet transplant model (mean survival 8.0 0.7 days). Histologic evaluation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines is currently performed. Conclusions: Survival of iNOS–deficient islet allografts is significantly prolonged as compared to a standard treatment with CsA or the novel iNOS-inhibitor H4aminobiopterin. We speculate that local expression of iNOS and subsequent NO formation is a key factor in the alloimmune response to islet allografts.
A New Species of Vollenhovia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) From India with Key to Known Indian Species

Vollenhovia gastropunctata Bharti et Kumar, sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) is described and illustrated based on the worker caste from India. A key to the Indian species of Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865 is provided Иллюстрированное описание Vollenhovia gastropunctah Bharti ct Kumar, sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Formieidae) по рабочим особям из Индии. Составлена таб лица для определения видов рода Vollenhovia Мауг, 1865, обитающих в Индии
SALT LOADING DOES NOT CONTROL CO2 EXCHANGE IN RAMALINA MENZIESII TAYL.

Summary The effect of intrathallus salt content (measured as [Na+]) on photosynthetic and dark respiratory rates in the coastal lichen Ratnalina menziesii Tayl. was investigated in three independent experiments. The first experiment demonstrated no relationship between rates of CO2 exchange in samples from a given site and distance inland, even though samples from inland sites had consistently lower salt concentrations. The second experiment showed that gas exchange rates and salt concentrations were not correlated when individual trees within one coastal and one inland site were compared. In the third experiment, thallus [Na+] was directly modified, but rates of CO2 exchange remained the same over a 27 d period. These results imply that the large variability in photosynthetic rates that is present in R. menziesii must be due to factors other than salinity.
On-Chip Over-Voltage Protection Design Against Surge Events on the CC Pin of USB Type-C Interface

As fast charging being a comprehensive application in universal serial bus (USB) type-C products, the high-power delivery may cause the USB type-C interface in the high risk of surge events. Therefore, a switch realized by high voltage N-type metal oxide semiconductor transistor (HVNMOS) has been added to the configuration channel (CC) pin to prevent the internal circuits from surge damage. However, hot carrier degradation (HCD) on the HVNMOS was induced by surge events, especially when the HVNMOS was operating in the ON-state. To mitigate HCD on the HVNMOS switch during surge events, a new over-voltage protection (OVP) design with selected voltage-level detection was proposed and verified in a 0.15- $\mu \text{m}$ BCD technology. The proposed OVP circuit with a positive feedback is designed to turn off the gate of the HVNMOS switch for a longer time when surge zapping on the CC pin. The experimental results from silicon chip have successfully verified the proposed OVP structure in device level and circuit level, respectively.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan and its linkage to infection with hepatitis C virus

Abstract Hepatitis B and C viruses are closely related to the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently these two viral agents were found to be the major causative agents of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. An increase in the number of HCV antibody-positive patients, but a decrease in the number of HBs antigen-positive patients with hepato cellular carcinoma has been noted over the last 15 years. In the late 1980s about 70% of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were found to be positive for HCV antibody and 24% for HBs antigen. Presence of several subtypes of HCV was reported. Hypervariable region (HVR) in a putative envelope, gp70, was detected within the same subtype. Variability of HVR seemed to be the result of spontaneous mutation caused after infection. Such changes with time in the sequence of the HCV genome in the blood of patients with type C hepatitis are likely to be due to immunological surveillance by the host.
Uterine contractions and the transport of sperm in the rat

Antoiiy van Leeu~veiilioeck described the independent motility of sperm in 16i7, and some years later made the pioneer experimental study of their rate of ascent in the female reproductive tract. In a rabbit examined 15 minutes after the third completed coitus, he found sperm near the vaginal end, but not in the middle, nor apex of the uterus. In a similar experiment in which he delayed the examination for about 6 hours, the sperm were completely disseminated through the horn. This relatively slow ascent of sperm in the rabbit has since been confirmed by numerous investigators, although with the exception of Bischoff, no mention has been made of the great Dutch microscopist’s observations. ’ His fundamental discovery that sperm could progress by the vibratile motion of their tails was made the basis for a generalized theory as to the
The influence of life history dynamics and environment on the determination of year class strength in North Sea herring (Clupea harengus L.)

The inter-annual variability in year class strength (1976–2000) of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus) was investigated using Paulik diagrams based on survey data and Virtual Population Analysis. The herring life cycle was split into five stages: spawning stock biomass (SSB), egg production, larvae, fish with 0 winter rings on the otolith (0-wr), 1-wr and 2-wr. Surveys were used as indices and Paulik analysis revealed relationships between stages. In 80% of the years, year class strength reflected SSB. Poorer than expected year classes were determined during the larva to 0-wr phase, whilst stronger than expected year classes were apparently determined during the 0-wr to 1-wr stage. There was no clear relationship between survival of young stages of herring and the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus but the year class strength of 0-wr and 1-wr had a negative relationship to bottom water temperature. Lower sea water temperatures in the North Sea are associated with higher Calanus abundance. The analysis shows that the strength of aberrant year classes of North Sea herring is determined between the pelagic larval and the juvenile stages.
Ciclagem de nutrientes em Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden no Norte Fluminense

Nutrient cycling in eucalypt stands allows the evaluation of changes due to management and to make inferences about plantation sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient cycling in eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) in Northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The evaluation was carried out from January to December 2001, in 8-year-old stands and 1,5 and 5 year old coppicing (second rotation). The biomass and nutrient contents of the aerial part (leaf, branch, bark and bolewood), the litterfall and litter were determined. The nutrient balance in the soil-litter-aboveground system was measured. The 8-year- old stand presented the highest DHB (diameter at breast height), section area and tree trunk volume. Consequently the biomass and the nutrient content in this component were higher than in the other stands. Litterfall production was larger in the 8-year-old stand. The nutrient annual flow in the plant-soil system was larger in the 8- year-old stand. Leaf litterfall was the component that contributed the most to nutrient deposition on the soil. Nutrient balance was positive in all stands evaluated. Despite the fact that the soil nutrient resources allows for larger productivity, a low biomass production was found, particularly in the 8-year-old stand.
Polymer Electronics: To Be or Not to Be?

The realization that polymers can be used as active material in opto‐electronic applications initiated substantial effort in the scientific community to explore new materials. Polymers can be made strong, flexible, lightweight, and can be mass produced. Furthermore, polymers can be processed at low temperatures, typically below 150 °C, creating the opportunity to use a range of plastic substrates instead of glass. Many polymers are soluble in organic solvents, making it possible to create electronically active “inks” that allow for solution‐processed electronic components as light‐emitting diodes and transistors. Examples of innovative new products based on semiconducting polymers are inkjet‐printed displays, non‐contact radio frequency identification tags, and sensors. However, the realization of polymeric displays is hindered by the relatively low efficiency of polymer‐based light‐emitting diodes. Major problems are the inability to realize multi‐layers from solution, insufficient harvesting of triplet excitons and the presence of defects. Printed circuits of organic transistors are still hampered by stability issues and relatively low charge carrier mobility of the organic semiconductors. More recently, organic electrochemical transistors have been employed as biosensors. Herein, the fundamentals and recent progress of polymer‐based light‐emitting devices and transistors are being discussed.
Chemical Examination of Local Plants. XIII. Elucidation of the Structure of a New Glycoside From the Leaves of Egyptian Hibiscus sabdariffa

The ether as well as the methanol extracts of the defatted leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa yielded a new glycoside, the structure of which has been determined, by mass and N.M. R. spectra and by synthesis, as β- sitosteryl β-D-galactoside.
Perception of Biophysical Stresses Confronted by the Farm Women: The Socio-economic and Ecological Interpretation

The impact of the green revolution in India has got a dichotomy of both achievements as well as failure. The four pillars of green revolution have contributed to accentuating the productivity level from 55 MT to 120 MT, on the other hand, the fall out of green revolution started eliciting the pernicious effect by increasing heavy metal load in the food chain, drifting of manual labours off the field and the creation of chasms between marginal and rich farmers. The worst victim of these is farm women. A study was conducted with objectives to generate classified information on the occupational hazards of farm women. A study was carried out at Boinchigram village under Pandua Block in Hooghly district of West Bengal with one hundred twenty farm women as respondents. Family income, B.M. I. , functional literacy, total calorie consumption used etc variables were taken for collecting data. Farm women are mainly suffering from fever, stomach problems, skin abnormalities, weakness, gynaecological problems, respiratory hazards, kidney malfunction, spinning head, increased heartbeat etc. Total calorie consumed per day and family income plays an important role in this. So, both preventive and curative measures should be taken immediately, otherwise, it will affect the future workforce of Agriculture. Original Research Article Chatterjee and Acharya; AJAEES, 38(4): 51-63, 2020; Article no.AJAEES. 53825 52
Development of osteological structures in the sea bream: vertebral column and caudal fin complex

The development of cartilaginous structures in cultured sea bream Sparus aurata larvae and the timing of their ossification was studied. In cultivated sea bream larvae the first cartilaginous structure to be identified was hypural 1 at 4.1 mm notochord length (LN). By 5.3 mm LN, prior to the onset of ossification, it was possible to distinguish the following cartilaginous structures: all 23 neural arches, all 13 haemal arches and two of the four pairs of parapophyses. The neural arches 1–4 and 15–23 were formed on the notochord and elongated dorsally, while neural arches 5–14 appeared on the dorsal side of the spinal cord and elongated ventrally. Initiation of ossification occurred at 5.7–6.0 mm standard length (LS) when the cartilaginous ontogeny of the vertebral column was completed. Ossification was coincident with dorsal flexion at the posterior end of the notochord and occurred in a sequential manner: (1) dorsoanteriorly, the cartilaginous neural arches and the centra were the first structures to ossify; (2) ventrad at the centre, at 7.0–7.5 mm LS; (3) posteriorly at 7.1 mm LS the hypural complex and urostyle (24th centrum) were ossified; and (4) dorsad at the centre (neural arches and spines).
Synchronous pollination within and between ears improves kernel set in maize

In maize (Zea mays L.), the later-fertilized ovaries often abort, thereby reducing kernel set. We examined whether altering the time interval between pollination of florets within an ear or between ears could affect final kernel number per plant. Synchrony of pollination was varied by natural- and hand-pollination of four hybrids, contrasting in prolificacy (ears plant -1 ). Plants were grown in the field at low (2.5 and 3 plants m -2 ) and high (7.5 and 9 plants m -2 ) plant populations, without water or nutrient stress. Increasing plant population generally delayed silk appearance, but most silks were exposed within 5 d after silking (DAS). Synchronous pollination of all exposed silks on apical and sub-apical ears 5 DAS improved kernel number (KN) per plant and the floret fertility index (FFI = number of kernels/ number of pollinated silks), relative to open-pollinated plants. At low plant populations, the KN plant -1 increase resulted primarily from a large increase (39-535%, depending upon the hybrid) in kernels on sub-apical ears. At high plant populations, only apical ears set kernels. Synchronous pollination increased KN in these ears 8 to 31%, depending on the hybrid. Thus, timing of pollination had a large impact on kernel set, and the disadvantage associated with an ontogenetic delay in silk emergence could be partially overcome by synchronous pollination. Because delayed pollination of early-silking ovaries allowed a greater number of the late-silking ones to set kernels, factors other than assimilate availability per fertile floret likely are involved in controlling kernel set.
Research on the Relationship Between Social Capital and Social Entrepreneurship Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Bricolage

As a new form of entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship aims at solving social problems, takes the establishment of social enterprises or non-profit organizations as the main form, and has attracted wide attention and discussion among practitioners, policy makers and scholars. By constructing a theoretical model of social capital and social entrepreneurial intention, this study explores the relationship between social capital and social entrepreneurial intention of Chinese social entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs who are willing to engage in social entrepreneurship. The results showed that social capital has a positive influence on entrepreneurial bricolage and social entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial bricolage has a positive influence on social entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial bricolage plays a part of intermediary role between social capital and social entrepreneurial intention. This research will be helpful for social entrepreneurs to recognize their own social capital, effectively obtain resources through social capital and make up the value of resources through entrepreneurship, thus it can stimulate the social entrepreneurial intentions of social entrepreneurs.
Tracing the patterns of non‐marine turtle richness from the Triassic to the Palaeogene: from origin to global spread

Turtles are key components of modern vertebrate faunas and their diversity and distributions are likely to be affected by anthropogenic climate change. However, there is limited baseline data on turtle taxonomic richness through time or assessment of their past responses to global environmental change. We used the extensive Triassic–Palaeogene (252–223 Ma) fossil record of terrestrial and freshwater turtles to investigate diversity patterns, finding substantial variation in richness through time and between continents. Globally, turtle richness was low from their Triassic origin until the Late Jurassic. There is strong evidence for high richness in the earliest Cretaceous of Europe, becoming especially high following the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum and declining in all continents by the end‐Cretaceous. At the K–Pg boundary, South American richness levels changed little while North American richness increased, becoming very high during the earliest Palaeogene (Danian). Informative data are lacking elsewhere for this time period. However, the Selandian–Thanetian interval, approximately 5 myr after the K–Pg mass extinction, shows low turtle richness in Asia, Europe and South America, suggesting that the occurrence of exceptional turtle richness in the post‐extinction Paleocene fauna of North America is not globally representative. Richness decreased over the Eocene–Oligocene boundary in North America but increased to its greatest known level for Europe, implying very different responses to dramatic climatic shifts. Time series regressions suggest number of formations sampled and palaeotemperature are the primary influencers of face‐value richness counts, but additional factors not tested here may also be involved.
Improvement of raw material picking process in sewing machine factory using lean techniques

Received: 2 October 2018 Abstract Accepted: 14 February 2020 This study demonstrates application of Lean techniques to improve working process in a sewing machine factory, focusing on the raw material picking process. The value stream mapping and flow process chart techniques were utilized to identify the value added activities, non-value activities and necessary but non-value added activities in the current process. The ECRS (Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange and Simplify) in waste reduction was subsequently applied to improve the working process by (i) adjusting the raw material picking procedures and pre-packing raw material as per demand, (ii) adding symbols onto the containers to reduce time spent in picking material based on visual control principle, and (iii) developing and zoning storage area, identifying level location for each row and also applying algorithms generated from a solver program and linear programming to appropriately define the location of raw material storage. Improvement in the raw material picking process was realized, cutting down six out of 11 procedures in material picking or by 55%, reducing material picking time from 24 to 4 min or by 83%. The distance to handle material in the warehouse can be shortened by 120 m per time or 2,400 m per day, equal to 86% reduction. Lean techniques proved to provide significant improvement in sewing machine company operations.
Tire-Ground Interaction Force Model and Its Parameter Identification Considering Tire Geometry and Pressure

： Tire-ground interaction plays an important role in vehicle design, trafficability evaluation, control and simulation. The traditional model is based on the assumption of plate pressure, which makes it difficult for the parameters of the model to simultaneously respond to the influence of tire geometry and tire pressure. The virtual rigid wheel shape is established by using the elastic deformation of tire under specific geometry and pressure, and based on the stress distribution of rigid wheel shape, a new tire-ground interaction model is derived. According to tire motion state, the model can be divided into vertical load model with tire quasi-static load and pulling force model with tire steady slip, which can reflect the correlation between tire geometry, tire pressure and soil mechanical properties. The model of tire-ground interaction force and its parameter identification results are validated by soil-bin and in-situ tests. The test results show that the maximum error between calculation and test is not more than 0.1 kN under different tire geometric sizes and tire pressures, and the relative error between the parameter identification result and the test result is less than 12%. The root mean square error between the tire tractive force and the test result is 0.37. Therefore, the model can be effectively applied to the mechanical calculation of tire-ground interaction considering tire geometry and tire pressure.