Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive comment on “Generation of free convection due to changes of the local circulation

develop with a potential to generate cumulonimbus etc when this point is reached. In fact, on flat terrain, at all moderate wind speeds, provided there is a positive heat flux, there is always free convection going on somewhere in the boundary layer. The point about zero wind speed is that only then does the free convection regime reach down to the surface. In this case, individual convective circulations may be more closely related to individual ground sources. In surface layer theory for flat terrain, free convection occurs for any wind speed at all heights above the Monin –Obukhov level L. The criterion used for free convection, i.e. that z/L exceeds unity simply means that the sonic (at height z) is positioned above the level L and so is within the free convection layer which, however, will rise above the sonic at higher wind speeds (or lower heat fluxes). The fact that free convection and coherent convection elements are ubiquitous in the boundary layer is shown by its use for soaring flight. Glider pilots use coherent convective elements (thermals) in the boundary layer for long soaring flights in wind speeds greater than those measured here. The main point is that as the wind speed increases, the thermals become ‘broken up’ at lower levels (i.e. the free convection level rises) and the pilot has to be launched to (and maintain) a height greater than this free convection level to enable a soaring flight to be made. Even if the wind speed is so great (or the heat flux so small) that convection is mechanically driven throughout most of the boundary layer, clouds will still develop at the top of the layer with their own coherent circulations. Now, circumstances may be very different over complex terrain (in which case concepts like u*, L etc might be irrelevant) but if this is so, the case needs to be argued.
PREDICTOR FACTORS OF THE MENOPAUSE INSTALLATION BEFORE 45 YEARS AT PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for early menopause (EM) to autoimmune thyroid disease patients (AITD). Material and methods: The study included 162 patients with AITD diagnosed before 45 years. We performed univariate analysis of several independent factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors with statistical significance (p <0.01), with a score of predictive modeling. Results: Score EM prediction = -2.2022 x Age <35 years at the diagnosis of AITD (1 / 0) + 1.9328 x Infertility (1 / 0) -0.3792 x Antiovarian antibodies (IU / ml), the criterion ≤ - 1.8359, sensitivity 90%, specificity 88 %, AUC - 0.91. Conclusions: Two predictors are linked AITD for diagnosis: age <35 years which decreases the risk and infertility which increase the risk, and may have a correlation with ovarian aging and occult ovarian failure.
Nanomaterials in dental specialities – an evolving perspective ?

Introduction: Nanotechnology has been established in dental specialities as a novel methodology for developing materials with enhanced physical properties and antimicrobial potential. In this review we discuss the current progress, prospects, and possible future applications of functional nanoparticles contained in nanomaterials as useful strategies for refining their ability to resist occlusal forces, as well as oral biofilm management. We also provide an overview of the suggested antimicrobial mechanisms for these nanoparticles. The purpose of this study was to use an evidence-based approach to assess the possible applications of nanomaterials in various fields in contemporary and potential future dentistry. Methods: A comprehensive database search was implemented by using Medline (PubMed) and ISI Web of Science. Results: Nanomaterials have significant potential for decreasing bacterial biofilm accumulation, inhibiting the demineralization process, remineralising tooth tissues, and combating cariesrelated bacteria. However, their ability to withstand intraoral forces needs to be further improved. Conclusions: The results reviewed in this work present a bright outlook and open doors for future clinical studies that will allow the admission of the therapeutic value of nanotechnology-based dental materials.
ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY CONTROL FOR VIBRATION SUPPRESSION OF A SMART BUILT-IN PLATE WITH EMBEDED PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS AND ACTUATORS

Abstract. One of the most important problems in engineering is, among others, the vibration suppression of smart composite structures, i.e. the reduction of the oscillations, which in turn are caused by external dynamic loadings. Embedded sensors and actuators, made of piezoelectric materials, along with a suitable control system provide intelligent behavior to the smart structures. Vibration suppression can be achieved using fuzzy controllers. Fine-tuning of the involved parameters may become necessary and can be achieved either by using the trial and error method, or via global optimization, such as genetic algorithms (GAs), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE) etc. In this case the results are usually very satisfactory, however, the computational cost increases. On the other hand, adaptive, optimized neuro fuzzy controllers, like the ones which are presented here, can be even more effective in the design and application of smooth robust controllers. These smart controllers are able to follow a training procedure, and thus to increase their robustness, i.e. their adaptivity under several -and some times completely differentconditions. The modeling of neuro fuzzy controllers is quite similar to other system identification techniques. The first step is the construction of the control system and subsequently a set of training data is necessary for configuration. These data will be used for the tuning of the control parameters until an error criterion is met. In other words, the controllers are first designed, based on the dynamic characteristics of the modeled structures, and then an optimization process, which is based on adaptive neural fuzzy techniques, i.e. on neural networks, is applied. Some good results in this direction have already been presented in previous investigations of the authors [1, 2, 3]. An important feature of these controllers lies to the fact that they can achieve significant suppression of the oscillations without knowledge of the full state-space (measurements) of the problem and without the application of any classical optimization method. Recent developments and applications mostly on linear smart structures are presented here. More specifically, several plate models with different support scenarios and loadings are modeled and studied, in order to prove the robustness and the efficiency of the control.
Antibacterial effect of leaves extract on extended spectrum β-Psidium guajava lactamase and Metallo-β-lactamase producing uropathogens

Ever since the discovery of antibiotics, the threat of antimicrobial resistance was predicted by Alexander Fleming. He had stated that there may come a time when penicillin and other future discovered antibiotics may be bought by anyone in the shops. He was worried that the ignorant man will easily take a sub-minimal dose of these antibiotics as supplements which will trigger the development of antibiotic resistance among pathogens (Gallagher, 2015) We are currently living in the . future predicted by Alexander Fleming, where there is greater access to antibiotics (Ventola, 2015) and the rampant use of the same in animal husbandry and fisheries (Landers et al., 2012).
Drug-Eluting Stents in Coronary Interventions

is the main method of non-surgical coronary revascularization, accounting for more than 1,500,000 procedures worldwide every year. Despite technical advancements during recent years, with coronary stenting being the most important, restenosis remains the major problem that hampers the procedure’s efficacy. Stent restenosis rates are reported to be 15-20% in ideal lesions, but may occur in over 30-60% of patients with diabetes or with complex lesions (small vessel, long or bifurcation lesions). The introduction of drug-eluting stents represents the third revolution in interventional cardiology following balloon angioplasty and stent implantation. Today, we see the appearance of stents coated with anti-restenotic drugs capable of modulating smooth muscle cell proliferation and limiting the restenotic process. This article will summarize this new technology of drug-eluting stents, and describe the results of clinical trials in this field.
Distribution of HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphic alleles SDF-1-3′A, CCR2-64I and CCR5-∆32 in diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India

Polymorphic allelic variants of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5, as well as of stromal-derived factor-1 SDF-1, the ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4, are known to have protective effects against HIV-1 infection and to be involved with delay in disease progression. We have studied the DNA polymorphisms at the loci that encode these proteins in 525 healthy individuals without any history of HIV-1 infection from 11 diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India. The two protective alleles SDF-1-3′A and CCR2-64I at the SDF-1 and CCR2 loci, respectively, are present in all populations studied, although their frequencies differ considerably across populations (from 17% to 35% for the SDF-1-3′A allele, and from 3% to 17% for CCR2-64I ). In contrast the CCR5-∆32 allele is observed only in three populations (Yamani, Pathan and Kamma), all in low frequencies (i.e. 1% to 3%). The mean number of mutant alleles (for the three loci together) carried by each individual varies from 0.475 (in Vizag Brahmins) to 0.959 (in Bohra Muslims). The estimated relative hazard values for the populations, computed from the three-locus genotype data, are comparable to those from Africa and Southeast Asia, where AIDS is known to be widespread. [Ramana G. V. , Vasanthi A. , Khaja M. , Su B. , Govindaiah V. , Jin L. , Singh L. and Chakraborty R. 2001 Distribution of HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphic alleles SDF-1-3′A, CCR2-64I and CCR5-∆32 in diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India. J. Genet. 80, 137–140]
Cultural Dimensions of Agile Supply Chain Management 3

3. Fernando César Almada Santos Address: University of São Paulo – Engineering School of Sao Carlos – Production Engineering Department Av. Trabalhador Sao-Carlense, 400 – ZIP 13566-590, São Carlos – SP – Brazil E-mail: almada@sc.usp. br Telephone: + 55 16 33739385 Diego Rorato Fogaça Address: identical to the first author’s E-mail: fogaca.diego@gmail.com Telephone: Address identical to the first author’s Rafael Querino de Souza Address: identical to the first author’s E-mail: rafaelquerino@hotmail.com Telephone: Address identical to the first author’s Raul Costa Marinho Toledo Address: identical to the first author’s E-mail: raultoledo89@gmail.com Telephone: identical to the first author’s Marcos Vinícius Guimarães Gandra Address: identical to the first author’s E-mail: mv.gandra@gmail.com Telephone: identical to the first author’s
Sociedad Española de Investigación Ósea y del Metabolismo Mineral (SEIOMM) y Sociedades afines

Gómez de Tejada Romero MJ, Sosa Henríquez M, Del Pino Montes J, Jódar Gimeno E, Quesada Gómez JM, Cancelo Hidalgo MJ, Díaz Curiel M, Mesa Ramos M, Muñoz Torres M, Carpintero Benítez P, Navarro Ceballos C, Valdés y Llorca C, Giner Ruíz V, Blázquez Cabrera JA, García Vadillo JA, Martínez Rodríguez ME, Peña Arrebola A, Palacios Gil-Antuñano S 1 Secretaria de la SEIOMM y coordinadora general del proyecto 2 Presidente de la SEIOMM 3 Vice-Presidente de la SEIOMM 4 Tesorero de la SEIOMM 5 Experto en vitamina D de la SEIOMM 6 Por la Asociación Española para el Estudio de la Menopausia (AEEM) 7 Por la Fundación Hispana de Osteoporosis y Enfermedades Metabólicas Óseas (FHOEMO) 8 Por la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT-GEIOS) 9 Por la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN) 10 Por la Sociedad Española de Fracturas Osteoporóticas (SEFRAOS) 11 Por la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología (SEGG) 12 Por la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) 13 Por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (SEMFyC) 14 Por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI) 15 Por la Sociedad Española de Reumatología (SER) 16 Por la Sociedad Española de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física (SERMEF) 17 Por la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral (SIBOMM)
Polymorphism of some Genes Associated with

Sheep is one of the most important domestic animals raised in Egypt. Sheep population in Egypt increased by 66.7% from 1961 to 2005 (FAO, 2007). There are almost 5.5 million head of sheep (FAOSTAT, 2011). Sheep are raised mainly for meat production with carpet sheep wool as a secondary product (Galal et al. 2002). The three major Egyptian sheep breeds are: Barki, Rahmani and Osseimi. They represent about 65% of the total sheep population in Egypt (Elshennawy, 1995). The Egyptian sheep breeds are characterized as small-to medium-sized body, fat tailed and fleece is coarse wool (Aboul-Ela et al. 1987). Meat is an integral part of a healthy diet and meat consumption continues to increase steadily, while the world’s producers of livestock for red meat production are finding it difficult to cope with the increase in demand (FAO, 2007). Sheep contribute 6% of the total red meat produced and are conThe genetic polymorphism of some genes related to meat production in three Egyptian sheep breeds (Barki, Rahmani and Osseimi) was studied. The candidate genes were: Calpastatin, Myostatin, Diacylglycerolacyltransferase1, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and Booroola fecundity gene. The technique applied was the restriction fragment length polymorphism for the polymerase chain reaction products. Polymorphism was found in the genes: Calpastatin, Myostatin and Diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1, while no polymorphism was exhibited by the other two genes, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and the Booroola fecundity in the three breeds understudy. Calpastatin locus digested with MspI had two genotypes MM and MN. The highest allelic frequency was for allele M. The same locus Calpastatin digested with NcoI also exhibited two genotypes MM and MN. The NN genotype was absent with both the MspI and the NcoI enzymes in all breeds. Myostatin digested with DraI had two genotypes AB and BB. The AA genotype cannot be detected. The highest allelic frequency was for allele B. Diacylglycerol-acyltransferase1 digested with AluI showed two genotypes CC and CT. The highest allelic frequency was for allele C. The detected CT genotype might explain the moderate intramuscular fat content and muscle marbling in the Egyption sheep breeds. Each of the remaining two loci (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and the Booroola fecundity) had only one genotype, BB genotype for Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 digested with HaeIII and ++ genotype for the Booroola fecundity digested with AvaII enzyme, therefore they are not recommended in the selection program. The result of Chi-square analysis indicated that the three Egyptian sheep breeds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Radiative corrections in K → π l + l − decays

We calculate radiative corrections to the flavor-changing neutral current process K → πll, both for charged and neutral kaon decays. While the soft-photon approximation is shown to work well for the muon channels, we discuss the necessity of further phase space cuts with electrons in the final state. It is also shown how to transfer our results to other decays such as η → γll or ω → πll. PACS. 13.20. Eb Decays of K mesons – 13.25. Jx Decays of other mesons – 13.40. Ks Electromagnetic corrections to strongand weak-interaction processes
Title Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts , terminology , and methods

Recent projections of climatic change have focused a great deal of scientific and public attention on pat terns of carbon (C) cycling as well as its controls, particularly the factors that determine whether an ecosystem is a net source or sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (C02). Net ecosystem production (NEP), a central concept in C-cycling research, has been used by scientists to represent two different concepts. We propose that NEP be restricted to just one of its two original definitions? the imbalance between gross primary production (GPP) and eco system respiration (ER). We further propose that a new term? net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB)? be applied to the net rate of C accumula Received 13 July 2005; accepted 6 January 2006; published online 17 November 2006. * Corresponding author; e-mail: ferry. chapin<^uaf.cdu tion in (or loss from [negative sign]) ecosystems. Net ecosystem carbon balance differs from NEP when C fluxes other than C fixation and respiration occur, or when inorganic C enters or leaves in dissolved form. These fluxes include the leaching loss or lateral transfer of C from the ecosystem; the emission of volatile organic C, methane, and carbon monoxide; and the release of soot and C02 from fire. Carbon fluxes in addition to NEP are particularly important determinants of NECB over long time scales. How ever, even over short time scales, they are important in ecosystems such as streams, estuaries, wetlands, and cities. Recent technological advances have led to a diversity of approaches to the measurement of C fluxes at different temporal and spatial scales. These approaches frequently capture different compo nents of NEP or NECB and can therefore be com pared across scales only by carefully specifying the
Reply to review 1 of paper by Lefever

Too long. In particular, when you state a result you do not need to provide explanation. For example, on P12463 L20, everything after the comma can be deleted. We have re-written most of the abstract, using the new conclusion text given here. This revised abstract is 33 lines long (length in original manuscript was 45 lines) and takes into account the guideline reminded by the reviewer. P12464 L1 ‘may be related’. That’s speculative. I would delete this part of the sentence.
Beginning with his time as a student in Christ College , Harvey aligned himself with the followers of the French arts master

The poets must be read. History must be mastered. The writers in all the noble arts, even mathematics, physics, and—unless I’m mistaken—metaphysics too, must be read and studied, and, for the sake of practice, must be praised, interpreted, corrected, criticized, and refuted. In sum, that course of subjects which the Greeks call “general education” [encyclopedia], and whatever other curriculum might exist for talent and learning, must be completed in their entirety by the orator (Harvey, 1577/2001, p. 15 my emphasis).
Constructivism , epistemology and information processing *

The author analyzes the main models of artificial intelligence which dea1 with the transition from one stage to another, a central problem in development. He describes the contributions of rule-based systems and connectionist systems to an explanation of this transition. He considers that Artificial Intelligence models, in spite of their limitations, establish fruitful points of contact with the constructivist position.
European route choice determinants Examining fuel and route charge trade-offs

Different charging zones are found within European airspace. This allows airlines to select different routes between origin and destination that have different lengths and en-route charges. There is a trade-off between the shortest available route and other routes that might have different charges. This paper analyses the routes submitted by airlines to be operated on a given day and compares the associated costs of operating those routes with the shortest available at the time, in terms of en-route charges and fuel consumption. The flights are characterised by different variables with the idea of identifying a behaviour or pattern based on the airline or flight characteristics. Results show that in some areas of the European airspace there might be an incentive to select a longer route, leading to both a lower charge and a lower total cost. However, more variables need to be considered and other techniques used, such as factor analysis, to be able to identify the behaviour within an airline category. Keywords— airspace en-route charges; route selection; aircraft operators’ behaviour
STRATEGY OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION : PERCEPTIONS OF HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS

This study examined multiple dimensions of opponunity recognition (OR) among a group of exceptionally successful etitrepreneurs and a control group of mote randomly selected entrepreneurs. There were few differences between the two groups. Results indicated that OR stetnmed fi'om prior experience, focusing on markets and customers, and responses to spemfic problems along with several other sources. Furthermore, OR appeared to be a imtltiple-step process far more frequently than a "eureka" experience. These results support much of the conventional wisdom about OR and intlicate that multiple approaches to OR can lead to success.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MASTITIS CAUSED BY STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE AND STREPTOCOCCUS UBERIS IN FOUR DAIRY HERDS IN NORTH OF PORTUGAL

i AGRADECIMENTOS . ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . iv INTRODUCTION . 1 1. Bovine mastitis. 1 2. Streptococcus . 2 2.1. Streptococcus agalactiae . 2 2.2. Streptococcus uberis . 3 3. Mastitis resistance . 4 4. Bacterial tools to successfully infect the host . 5 4.1. Invasiveness patterns. 6 4.2. Virulence patterns. ,,. 6 5. Mastitis control programs. 8 6. The role of molecular biology in veterinary epidemiology . 9 7. Main goals to achieve. 10 MATERIAL AND METHODS . 10 1. Milk samples and bacterial isolates . 10 2. Bacterial culture conditions and DNA extraction . 11 3. PCR amplification . 12 4. Dot Blot screening . 13 5. CAMP test.14 RESULTS. 15 1. Mastitis frequency in herds . 15 2. Preliminary tests. 17 3. Assays with selected strains. 17
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes

American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 1941-7705. Online ISSN: 2013 Copyright © Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 72514 Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111. 000041 2013; 2013;6;148-156; originally published online March 12, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes Sarah K. Wallace, Benjamin S. Abella and Lance B. Becker Outcome : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Quantifying the Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality on Cardiac Arrest http://circoutcomes.ahajournals. org/content/6/2/148.full on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located 041.DC1. html http://circoutcomes.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2013/03/13/CIRCOUTCOMES.111. 000 Data Supplement (unedited) at:
Model-based Analysis of the GLP-1 Response Following an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

� The GLP-1 response is increased in the presence of nutrients in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and thus also following intake of oral glucose. � It is not clear how dynamics of such a response is changed under pathological conditions eg. in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. � Compared to a standard analysis (AUC and C max ), a PK/PD model of the response will provide more information regarding dynamics and can easily be used to detect the impact of demographic factors on these.
Evidence of magma activation beneath the Lunayyir basaltic field ( Saudi Arabia ) from attenuation tomography

Evidence of magma activation beneath the Lunayyir basaltic field (Saudi Arabia) from attenuation tomography I. Koulakov, S. El Khrepy, N. Al-Arifi, I. Sychev, and P. Kuznetsov Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Prospekt Koptyuga, 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, NRIAG, 11421, Helwan, Egypt