Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Rootstocks on Harvest Metrics of ‘Pinot Noir clone 02A’ Wine Grapes in Maritime Western Washington

The Puget Sound American Viticulture Area (AVA), located west of the Cascade Mountain Range in Washington State, is a large and uniquely situated area with diverse topography and mesoclimates. Given the young age of the AVA, little formal information exists on the appropriate rootstock–scion combination in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) for the region. This project reports on a series of rootstock trials from 2003 to 2007, which evaluated the influence of ‘420A Millardet et de Grasset’, ‘3309 Couderc’, ‘101-14 Millardet et de Grasset’ (all Vitis hybrids), and a self-rooted control on basic harvest metrics of the wine grape scion ‘Pinot noir clone 02A’. At the warmer site in Everson, WA, rootstocks had no effect on final juice harvest metrics measured by soluble solids, titratable acidity (TA), and pH. At the cooler site in Mount Vernon, WA, the use of rootstocks did not always influence soluble solids or pH but did reduce final harvest TA, a desired effect for the region that is typified by low sugar–high TA wines. Even with a reduction in TA in some rootstock–scion combinations, overall, TA remained at the upper end or above the range typically desired for many wine styles.
Utrophin, MHC and M1/M2 macrophages in GRMD dogs

Abstract Muscular dystrophies are hereditary diseases that lead to progressive degeneration of the skeletal musculature. Golden Retriever dogs are used as animal models because they show a hereditary muscle disease similar to muscular dystrophy in humans. Aims: To evaluate the immunostaining of M1 (CD68) and M2 (CD163) macrophages, MHC I, MHC II and, utrophin in muscles of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy (GRMD). Methods: Samples from 17 male dogs affected by GRMD were divided into GI - dystrophic dogs up to one year of age; and GII - dystrophic dogs over one-year-old. Results: Immunostaining of CD163 was higher than CD68 in both GI and GII. CD68 showed no variation between groups of dystrophic animals. MHC class I immunostaining was most evident in the biceps femoris and triceps brachialis. MHC class II was expressed mildly in four dystrophic muscle types in GI and GII. Utrophin immunostaining was higher in GII. Conclusion: M2 macrophages were one of the main mononuclear inflammatory cells found in dystrophic muscles. The number of M2 in muscles of dogs with GRMD increases with age, linking this cell subtype to permanent muscle damage.
Effects of dietary energy allowance in grass silage-based diets during the dry period on production responses and utilization of body reserves in dairy cows

The aim was to study if overconsumption of grass silage during the far-off dry period (FODP) and decreasing feed allowance in close-up dry period (CUDP) affect body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) changes, as well as lactation performance and body tissue mobilization after calving in dairy cows. Control diet (CON) was fed to meet the metabolizable energy (ME) requirements, the test diet (HEI) averaged 144% and 119% of ME requirements in the FODP and CUDP, respectively. All cows were fed concentrates in the CUDP (30% of ME d-1). Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were lower and insulin tended to be higher in HEI vs. CON prepartum. No dietary effects in accretion or mobilization of body reserves were observed, and accordingly no differences in silage DMI, ME balance and plasma parameters postpartum were detected. Concentrate DMI and milk yield tended to be lower in HEI vs. CON during early lactation.
Mechanism of pharmacochaperoning in KATP channels revealed by cryo-EM

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels composed of a pore-forming Kir6.2 potassium channel and a regulatory ABC transporter sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells to maintain glucose homeostasis. Mutations that impair channel folding or assembly prevent cell surface expression and cause congenital hyperinsulinism. Structurally diverse KATP inhibitors have been shown to act as pharmacochaperones to correct mutant channel expression, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we compare cryoEM structures of KATP channels bound to pharmacochaperones glibenclamide, repaglinide, and carbamazepine. We found all three drugs bind within a common pocket in SUR1. Further, we found the N-terminus of Kir6.2 inserted within the central cavity of the SUR1 ABC core, adjacent the drug binding pocket. The findings reveal a common mechanism by which diverse compounds stabilize the Kir6.2 N-terminus within the SUR1 ABC core, allowing it to act as a firm “handle” for the assembly of metastable mutant SUR1-Kir6.2 complexes.
Evaluation of the influence of homogenate filtrates of some larval habitat-inhabiting Flora and Fauna species on immature development and adult body size of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito

This study was carried out to determine the influence of breeding sites flora and fauna on mosquito developmental success (survival rate and duration of development) and adult fitness attributes. Homogenate filtrate of four organisms: tadpole (Rana temporaria), Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus), water lily (Nymphaea lotus), and a Fresh water algae (Spirogyra porticalis), were prepared and tested against freshly hatched-out mosquito larvae. Analyses of results revealed high (>90.00 %) immature survival rate, with no significant (p<0.05) difference among the filtrates. Larval survival rates ranged from 96.73±7.82 (Tilapia) to 99.99±0.83 (water lily), pupal survivorship, 87.57±10.48 (water lily) to 98.96±2.09 (tadpole), and Average Immature survivorship, 96.71±6.47 (water lily) to 99.09±3.22% (tadpole). Developmental periods of immature populations of Cx,quinquefasciatus mosquitoes significantly (p<0.05) varied among the homogenate filtrates, being as short as 8.02±0.76 days (tadpole) and as long as 9.73±1.29 days (Spirogyra filtrate). There was, however, no significant difference (p>0.05) in post-emergence longevity (range = 3.27±0.38 to 3.60±0.43 days) and Fluctuating Asymmetry (0.01 mm). Wing length measurement and volumes of adult mosquitoes in Spirogyra and Tilapia filtrates were significantly (p<0.05) lower than individuals from other filtrates: water lily filtrate producing mosquitoes with the longest wings and volume (3.73±0.45 mm and 51.90±0.09 mm). The results of this study provide a better understanding of the breeding ecology of mosquitoes, as a prelude for effective biological control of mosquito larvae.
Switchable Diplexer Based on Coupling Control

In this brief, a switchable diplexer is presented based on coupling control. It consists of two switchable filter channels that can be reconfigured with four working states. The on- and off-states of each channel are enabled by controlling the coupling between the output feeding line and a resonator in this channel. When one channel is switched off, the resonators in this channel act as non-resonance nodes of the other channel, which can generate transmission zeros to enhance the skirt selectivity of the other channel without using additional circuits. Moreover, the second, third and fourth harmonics of each filter channel are suppressed, resulting in wide stopband responses. The detailed analysis and experimental results are given to verify the proposed ideas.
Effects of Adsorption Energy on Air and Liquid Permeability of Nanowollastonite-Treated Medium-Density Fiberboard

Change in air and liquid permeability by addition of nanowollastonite (NW) to medium-density fiberboard (MDF) was studied. MDF was produced by mixing camel-thorn (CT) chips to wood fibers. CT content was up to 10% of the mixture. Addition of CT did not significantly affect air permeability in control specimens. Water permeability time values were significantly higher in comparison to the other two liquids (alcohol and kerosene), indicating lower liquid permeability of MDF panels for water. In this connection, calculation of adsorption energies showed the formation of stronger and more stable bonds between water molecules with the cellulose surface in comparison to kerosene and ethyl alcohol. Formation of stronger bonds made movement of water molecules through MDF texture more difficult, ultimately resulting in lower water permeability in MDF specimens.
Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens Associated With Ixodid Tick Species Infesting Migratory Songbirds and Ruminants

MOLECULAR DETECTION OF TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH IXODID TICK SPECIES INFESTING MIGRATORY SONGBIRDS AND RUMINANTS by Nabanita Mukherjee August 2013 Ticks are hematophagous arthropods and capable of inoculating various infectious agents to their vertebrate hosts. Ticks attached to birds and ruminants are capable of carrying tick-transmitted microorganisms. In our study, the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens was examined in ticks infesting migratory songbirds and Pakistani ruminants. During spring migration seasons, ticks were removed from northward-migrating songbirds in Louisiana and identified as Amblyomma Jongirostre, Amblyomma nodosum, Amb/yomma ca/caratum, Amblyomma maculatum, and Haemaphysalis species, all are considered as Neotropical ticks. Ticks removed from ruminants were identified as Hya/omma anatolicum, Hyalomma dromedarii, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A total of 112 and 72 bacterial genera identified in ticks and migratory songbirds respectively by using 454-based pyrosequencing. Taxonomic classification of ticks from ruminants reveals that the most predominant phylum was proteobacter in both Hyalomma spp. and firmicutes in Rhipicephalus microplus. The overall microbial diversity found highest in Rhipicephalus microplus (one-host tick), Hyalomma dromedarii (two-host tick), and Hyalomma anatolicum (three-host ticks). The prevalence of SFGR were ii determined by amplifying ompA (outer membrane protein A) gene. The nucleotide sequence of amplicons were homologous with several SFGR including Rickettsia amblyommii, was confirmed by ompB probe based qPCR assay. Rickettsia amblyommii was found predominant in Amb/yomma longirostre and Haemaphysalis species among the Neotropical tick species as well as most prevalent in ticks with the lowest microbial diversity and least prevalent in highest microbial diversity in the ticks from ruminants. Our results indicate a rich tick and microbial diversity of epidemiological roles infesting the migratory songbirds and ruminants in Pakistan.
Deactivation of after-treatment catalysts for bio-fuelled engines

To decrease the emissions of anthropogenic CO2 from vehicles one option is to increase the utilization of biobased fuels. However, there are challenges with this transition, one being the mitigation of emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane, which is the main constituent of biogas. Another relates to the presence of catalyst poisons in biofuels due to a wide variety of raw materials that are used for the production of these fuels. In this thesis, the aim is to investigate how exhausts from biogas and biodiesel impact the emission control system of a heavy-duty vehicle. The catalysts in the emission control system are studied individually and as a system, with commercial biobased fuels and synthetic gas feeds containing catalyst poisons. After exposure to biogas exhaust for 900 h in an engine-bench, the Pd/Pt-Al2O3 oxidation catalyst was found to be severely deactivated in terms of CH4 oxidation activity. A decrease in low-temperature activity for NO oxidation to NO2 was observed, which impacts the performance of the SCR-catalyst down-stream in the system. This loss in activity is explained by the finding of catalyst poisons as well as metal segregation and sintering of the noble metal particles. The V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR-catalyst in the engine-bench system remained active for NOx reduction after long-term ageing, however, the decrease in NO2 formation over the oxidation catalyst at low temperatures could cause an increase in NOx emissions even if the SCR catalyst itself is still active. Except for the vanadium-based SCR catalyst also a Cu-CHA catalyst was studied. Both types of SCR catalysts were found to be sensitive to phosphorus poisoning and the Cu-CHA catalyst was also found to be sensitive to sulfur. From results obtained we propose that the SO2 exposure leads to the formation of Cu-bisulfate species that reduce the amount of copper sites available for NOx reduction in the Cu-CHA SCR catalyst. The degree of deactivation is also dependent on the reaction condition where the standard SCR reaction is more impacted than the fast SCR reaction.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Artocarpus altilis Against Human Pathogens

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities have been performed using methanol fruit extract of Artocarpus altilis. Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that methanolic extract of A. altilis fruits contain flavonoids, phenols, steroids and glycosides. The investigation on these constituents was done using the phytochemical screening with modification. The soxhlet apparatus was employeded to extract the dried plant using methanol as a solvent. It was observed that the extract has characteristics of antioxidant using DPPH assay. The antibacterial and antifungal potential of methanolic fruit extract were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella spp, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This test was performed by using disc-diffusion method with different concentrations of fruit extract. It was found that one bacterial species (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus) showed inhibition zone with maximum (zone of inhibition≈15mm) using 150 mg/ml of fruit extract. Methanolic extracts of A. altilis had no effect on growth of the remaining microorganisms. The phytoconstituents and characteristics of microorganisms might be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the extract. Further purifications of secondary metabolites and structural studies may lead to the isolation of the active compounds.
Micropropagation to Conserve the Endangered Gabal Elba Dragon Tree (Dracaena ombet Heuglin ex Kotschy & Peyr)

Plant tissue culture offers opportunities for the rescue and conservation of endangered plant species. Here, we report the successful in vitro propagation of Dracaena ombet, an endangered plant. Several physical and chemical seed treatments were evaluated to develop a propagation approach. Germination of D. ombet seeds was monitored for 16 weeks by placing them onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Maximum seed germination (20%) was recorded when seeds were soaked-scarified, whereas all other treatments did not result in seed germination. Fragmented (longitudinally bisected) and intact in vitro shoots were cultured onto MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole butyric acid (IBA) to induce axillary shoots. Longitudinal fragmentation of explants had a greater effect than the intact explants for shoot proliferation when cultured onto medium containing plant growth regulators. Fragmented shoots cultured onto MS medium supplemented with 2 mg·L−1 BAP and 0.5 mg·L−1 IBA treatment resulted in the highest amount of axillary shoots (seven shoots per explant). The intact shoots had the highest axillary shoots (1.8 shoots per explant) when cultured onto a medium supplemented with a combination of 1 mg·L−1 BAP and 0.5 mg·L−1 IBA. One hundred percent rooting was obtained using half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 or 1 mg·L−1 IBA. With full strength MS medium, a maximum rooting of 60% was obtained with 1 mg·L−1 IBA or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) addition. The plantlets were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions with a 95% survival rate. This study offers a simple method for in vitro propagation of D. ombet, which is valuable to enable conservation of this endangered species.
Moderating effect of access to finance of the gem and jewelry industry

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio es investigar el efecto moderador del acceso a la financiacion sobre los vinculos entre las orientaciones estrategicas y el desempeno de las pequenas y medianas empresas (PYME) de la industria de la gema y la joyeria en Tailandia. La muestra de este estudio consistio en 116 empresas que operan en el negocio de joyas y gemas en Tailandia. En este estudio, los datos se recopilaron utilizando la tecnica de muestreo sistematico. En base a los resultados del analisis obtenidos, se encontraron relaciones positivas y significativas entre la orientacion del mercado (MO), orientacion de aprendizaje (LO) y el desempeno de las PYMES, mientras que la orientacion emprendedora (EO) no tuvo una relacion positiva significativa con el desempeno de las PYMES. EnglishThis study aims to investigate the moderating effect of access to finance on the linkages between strategic orientations and small medium enterprises (SMEs) performance of the gem and jewelry industry in Thailand. The sample of this study consisted of 116 firms operating in the gem and jewelry business in Thailand. In this study that data were collected using the systematic sampling technique. Based on the obtained analysis results, positive and significant relationships were found between market orientation (MO), learning orientation (LO), and SMEs performance, while entrepreneurial orientation (EO) was not found to have a positive significant relationship with SMEs performance.
Theory of Characteristic Modes for Nonsymmetric Surface Integral Operators

The theory of characteristic modes is formulated with nonsymmetric surface integral operators for perfect electric conductors, impedance surfaces, and homogeneous dielectric bodies. For nonsymmetric (nonself-adjoint) operators, the eigenvectors are not orthogonal with respect to the weighted inner product defined with the weighting operator of the generalized eigenvalue equation. Rather, this orthogonality holds between the eigenvectors of the original equation and the adjoint equation, including adjoint operators. This implies that the modal expansion, used to express any scattering or radiation solution as a linear combination of the modes, requires these two sets of eigenvectors. For matrix equations, the eigenvectors of the adjoint equation correspond to the left eigenvectors of the original equation.
The Classification and Detection of Malware Using Soft Relevance Evaluation

In recent years, researchers have made a great success on the automatic classification and detection of malware utilizing machine learning methods. However, most machine learning based approaches over rely on the training samples such that a new malware family not belonging to the training set cannot be identified. To address such issue, we propose a soft relevance value (s-value), a new evaluating way of feature soft relevance that uses the mixed distance criterion to assess classified results. Specifically, we leverage the mixed distance criterion from pattern recognition to distinguish testing samples as a new family which is not labeled in training set. Finally, we evaluate how s-value can be used to distinguish and classify a new malware family with the malware datasets from the Research Prediction Competition of Microsoft Malware Classification Challenge and Windows (Kaggle). The experimental results show that, the train-ing time is approximately 12 hours, while the prediction time is only ∼0.5 second. Comparing against the Kaggle winner, our time costs for training and pprediction only occupy 16.7% and 3.8% of the winner.s time costs, respectively. The accuracy of classifying malware reaches 99.8%. Such results indicates that our proposed s-value achieves a balance in accuracy, training and prediction time, and outperforms the state-of-the-art machine learning based malware detection approaches. Besides, our method is able to identify new malware families that are not included in the training set.
Wideband Decoupling of Integrated Slot Antenna Pairs for 5G Smartphones

This communication proposes a wideband decoupling technique to suppress the strong coupling between two extremely closely spaced open-slot antennas and implements a wideband integrated slot antenna pair for fifth-generation (5G) metal-rimmed smartphones. By simply inserting a connecting line between two closely spaced open-slot antennas, a top slot structure can be constituted with odd- and even-mode resonances in the lower and higher bands, respectively, to cancel the original strong mutual coupling. In addition to the decoupling effect, the top slot can also expand the effective radiation aperture of the antenna pair for the bandwidth improvement. The proposed slot antenna pair, with a compact footprint of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$28 \,\, \times 7\,\,\times1.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>3</sup>, shows good impedance matching, isolated and diversity performance across 3.3–5.0 GHz. Then, an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, constituted by four sets of slot antenna pairs, is simulated, fabricated, and measured. Both the simulated and experimental results show that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO system can offer isolations of better than 10.8 dB and envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) of less than 0.14 between all eight ports across 3.3–5.0 GHz. Also, a total efficiency of 55.0%–83.1% and 52.5%–83.1% is achieved for Ant1 and Ant2, respectively. Featuring wide bandwidth, compact size, high integration level, and metal rim compatibility, we forecast the proposed solution has great potential for future 5G smartphones.
Developmental time course of SNAP-25 isoform regulation of hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning

SNAP-25 is essential in activity-dependent vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release in the nervous system. During development and adulthood, SNAP-25 appears to have differential influences on long- and short-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The involvement of SNAP-25 in this process may be altered by two different splice variants expressed in adolescences versus adulthood in hippocampal neurons. This study suggests that the adolescent isoform, SNAP-25a can contribute to developmental regulation of the expression of LTD and LTP. In mice deficient in SNAP-25b, the adult isoform, Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses showed slower release kinetics, reduced initial release probabilities, decreased LTP and enhanced LTD at 1 month. By 4 months of age, when mice have fully developed in the absence of SNAP-25b, the gene targeted mice appear to have compensated for the lack of the adult SNAP-25b isoform. Moreover, hippocampal-dependent training reversed reductions in LTP, but not LTD, seen at 1 month. In 4 month old adult mice, training prevented the compensatory reversal of LTD that had been observed prior to training. These findings support the hypothesis that immature SNAP-25a plays a strong role in the expression of plasticity at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in adolescent mice, but compensatory mechanisms that reverse alterations in synaptic plasticity once mice reach adulthood.
Characterization of the Gonococcal Calprotectin Zn-Acquisition System, TdfH, and the Efficacy of Metal Starvation for Treating Gonococcal Disease

xvi Chapter 1: Introduction.1 I. Neisseriaceae.1 II. Pathogenic Neisseria.1 III. Meningococcal disease.2 A. Epidemiology.2 B. Disease.3 C. Treatment and Prevention.4 IV. Gonococcal disease.7 A. Epidemiology.7 B. Disease.8 C. Treatment.9 V. N. gonorrhoeae virulence factors.10 A. Type IV Pilus.13 B. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS). 14 C. Porin.16 D. Opacity (Opa) proteins.17 VI. Iron sources in humans.18