Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are you what you eat? Physiological constraints on organismal stoichiometry in an elementally imbalanced world

The relative supply of energy and elements available to organisms in the environment has strong effects on their physiology, which, in turn, can alter important ecological processes. Here we consider how resource imbalances affect three basic physiological processes common to all organisms: elemental uptake, incorporation, and release. We review recent research that addresses these core issues (uptake, incorporation, and release) as they relate to elemental homeostasis in autotrophs and heterotrophs. Our review shows the importance that organism elemental homeostasis plays in determining the types of physiological processes used to acquire, assemble, store, and release biogenic elements, which are found in widely varying ratios in the environment. Future research should examine the degree to which organisms assess their internal nutritional composition and that of their food sources within a multiple elemental and biochemical context. Also, scientists should explore if and how the stoichiometry of cellular and molecular responses underlying nutrient (elemental and biochemical) acquisition, incorporation, and release depends on the nutritional composition of food resources. These types of queries will further improve our understanding of the physiological processing of primary elements involved in growth, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Can we Continue to Afford Access to Cancer Treatment

O ncology is facing a crisis of affordability that is not sustainable. The economic burden of cancer is growing, as a result of the rising cancer incidence and increased survival, alongside growing investment in disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The prices of new cancer drugs continue to increase, placing growing pressure on many healthcare systems. The aim of this article is to explore the reasons why the cost of cancer care is increasing, and why this increase may become unsustainable unless changes are made. There are only limited options for future health spending. Finding ways to improve the allocation of existing resources to achieve the best outcomes for patients will be key to achieving sustainability, whilst safeguarding the continued development of new, effective cancer treatments. Currently, too many cancer drugs are approved without robust evidence of value, and spending more on treatments does not necessarily translate to improvements in health. For all new drugs, in addition to efficacy and safety, there should be a focus on value, with measured outcomes and pricing that ensures these drugs are affordable. Fundamental changes to healthcare systems and industry are needed to sustain cancer care and allow continued access to effective and safe treatments for all patients.
Implementation of gravitational shocks in two-dimensional Fokker-Planck models

We derive analytical formulae for drift and dispersion terms of energy and angular momentum (� ΔE� , � (ΔE) 2 � , � ΔJ� ,a nd� (ΔJ) 2 � )a s well as their cross term (� ΔEΔJ� ) for stellar systems under an impulsive perturbation. These terms are expressed as functions of E, J, and orbit averages of powers of radius (r) and the product of radius and velocity (rv), and we confirm our formulae with a numerical simulation. Then with another numerical simulation for a time-varying (Gaussian) perturbation, we find that the adiabatic corrections suggeted by Gnedin and Ostriker can be applied not only to the energy changes (drift and dispersion) but also tothe angular momentum changes, if the changes are expressed as functions of energy only. The corrections do not describe the changes accurately when the changes are considered as functions of both energy and angular momentum. The deviations between the numerical simulation and analytical expectations are consierable only in the cluster core though, where the effect of perturbation is relatively weaker. These results are to be implemented in two-dimensional (E − J) Fokker-Planck models of the evolution of globular clusters.
The Home Verbal Environments of Non-Talking Children.

ABSTRACT Examined were the home verbal envircrments cf three multiply handicapped language impairei children (3, 6, and 8 years old). Each child wore an FM transmitter-micrcpbcne fcr 3 1/2 consecutive days. Prliminary analysis of the accustic data was in terms of actual data time, parental lesscn time, and number of engaged (verbal interactions) and unengaged times in the natural environment. Descriptive analysis was then Eerfcrmed along four dimensions: an overview of the househcld, the vccal ccntrols directed to the child, the vocal movements displayed by the child, and the non-vocal movements displayed by the child which were the setting for engagements. Two major conclusicns were that each child spent the majcr portion of the day unengaged thus limiting the cpEcrtunities for the establishment cf verbal behavicr; ar.d that the nature and functions of the engagements which did take place were unlikely to enhance the establishment of verbal belavicr. The results underscored the need for parent education programs. (DB)
Cost Structures of Information Technology Products and Digital Products and Services Firms: Implications for Financial Analysis

Academic studies investigating the financial management of companies routinely segment data by broad industry groups to facilitate an “apples to apples” comparison and remove possible industry effects. One common segmentation method is to group all information technology (IT) companies into a single category. However, not all IT companies are created equal and their financial management differs greatly due to differences in cost structure, growth potential, products delivered, and general business model. In this study we address the differences between mature publicly-traded digital product and service (DPS) firms and information technology product (ITP) firms using equity market data from 1991-2011. We compare the characteristics of the two firm types and find that DPS firms are significantly less risky, less reliant on physical assets, and outperform the ITP firms. We also find that the market returns for ITP firms are more reactive to costs than DPS firms, yet the reaction to revenue changes appear to be similar. The overall conclusion is that DPS and ITP firms are different and should not be combined into a general information technology category when analyzing their financing needs or strategic decision making. Ignoring these differences will lead to inappropriate or misleading conclusions.
An Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Behçet's Disease

Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-1803 / Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Behcet’s Disease" by: "R. Yuksekkaya1, F. Celikyay1, C. Deniz1, K. Fatih2, E. gokce2, M. M. FIRAT2, J. Yuksek2; 1Turkey/TR, 2Tokat/TR"
Emotion Estimation of Comments on Web News by SVM and Naive Bayes Based Classifiers

Social communication tools such as Twitter or Facebook spread the web service ability. Using their APIs, we can gather many users’ comments easily. Such comments are usually short sentences but they also have many emotional comments. In this paper, we propose emotion estimation methods for multilabeled short comments of web news. Our methods can be applied to sentiment analysis and opinion mining. At first, we show the performance evaluation of a naive Bayes classifier and an SVM classifier. Then, we propose two improved methods. The first is an improved naive Bayes method which classifies each emotion label into two opposite emotions and uses their weights. We call this the weighting method. The second method consists of two stages of classifiers. The first stage distinguishes these oppositely classes, and the second stage selects one emotion from the opposite emotions. From our evaluation, we conclude that the weighting method is better among the naive Bayes classifiers and its performance is as good as SVM’s.
Relationships between ruminant management and sensory characteristics of cheeses: a review

This review summarises the last 10 years' knowledge established on the relationships between the management of animals (genetics, physiology and feeding) and the sensory quality of cheese. In the production of full-fat raw milk cheese, the cow's breed can modify the texture of cheeses because of differences in fat in dry matter content due to variations in the fat/protein ratio in milk. Within the same breed, large differences in texture and taste were observed between cheeses issued from milk differing by the genetic variant of β-casein (in dairy cows) or αs1- casein (in goats). Except in very early or late lactation, the physiological stage had no significant effect on cheese sen- sory characteristics. In contrast, mastitis has a well-known negative impact on cheese sensory pro- perties. Feeding dairy cows or goats with corn silage by comparison with hay or grass silage leads to whiter cheeses and sometimes to differences in flavour. Conserving grass as silage, by compari- son with hay, has no important effect on cheese sensory characteristics, except on colour, which is yellower with grass silage. Conversely, major differences in sensory characteristics were observed between cheeses made with milk produced by cows fed winter diets (based on hay and grass silage) or turned to pasture in the spring. Several recent experiments showed a significant effect of grass' botanical composition on cheese texture and flavour. Those effects are due to the presence in milk of specific molecules or structures directly induced by feeding (carotenes and terpenes) or produced by the animals (plasmin, fatty acids and casein micellar structures) according to their genetic or phy- siological characteristics or under the effect of specific diets. Milk / cheese / sensory characteristic / feeding / genetic characteristic
Planning the integration of ex situ plant conservation in Tasmania

Tasmania has a strong record of successful in situ plant conservation but there will always be a role for the integration of various ex situ measures into a plant conservation program due to pressure by threatening processes on wild populations. This paper replaces a 15 year old strategy for ex situ conservation in Tasmania. Progress in ex situ measures for Tasmanian plants is described and broadly evaluated against the previous strategy. Rare and threatened species are considered to be a high priority group for resources if intensive management is required. Endemic species likely to be adversely impacted by climate change would be a high priority for ex situ conservation. Seed banking to capture as much genetic variation in these species is suggested. Eight ex situ methods are briefly described and their application in Tasmanian instances noted. The Tasmanian Seed Conservation Centre established at the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a central part of Tasmanian ex situ conservation efforts for ex situ conservation programs. An ongoing role for this facility is considered fundamental.
Optimal Relay Selection Strategy for Joint Data and Energy Transfer in Wireless Systems

We study a problem of relay selection in a twohop amplify-and-forward (AF) enabled relaying network for facilitating simultaneous Wireless Transmission of Information and Energy (Wi-TIE) to a destination able to perform both information processing and energy harvesting concurrently. Considering the time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS) based Wi-TIE schemes, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the overall user data rate while ensuring a minimum harvested power. In this context, we obtain suitable closed form solution and demonstrate through simulation results the RateEnergy (R-E) trade-off in two different scenarios: (i) with only the relay assisted link, and (ii) with the direct link together with the relay assisted link.
Optical Coherence Tomography in the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents: An Indispensable Workhorse

Copyright: © 2012 Nammas W, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Undoubtedly, the breakthrough introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) has nearly abolished the need for reintervention, accounting for nearly 10-15% need for target vessel revascularization (TVR) at longterm follow-up [1,2]. Indeed, the enthusiasm associated with the early results of first-generation DES let us believe that the long-standing concern inherent to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has probably come to a pleasant end. After years ‘in duty’, however, worrisome reports have raised concerns about disturbingly high rates of late and very late (after one year) stent thrombosis associated with DES, that frequently culminates into myocardial infarction or, even more gravely, death [3]. Scaring enough, these reports launched a ‘wake-up call’ to carefully evaluate the likely mechanisms underlying this potentially life-menacing event. Insights from histopathological studies suggested that delayed neointimal coverage of DES struts a built-in problem of these devices was reasonably the first ‘suspect’ to condemn [4]. One more suspect was stent strut malapposition, again a favorable position for struts to remain ‘nude’ [5]. In the quest to ‘see what is going on’ in vivo, invasive imaging techniques were called into action. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS), the benchmark of these, did demonstrate a 10-20% incidence of strut malapposition associated with DES; almost double that reported following bare-metal stent implantation [6,7]. Unfortunately, however, the resolution of IVUS (100-200 μm) is clearly less sensitive to visualize slight degrees of strut malapposition, and rationally, far below that needed to reveal the ultrathin early and healthy neointimal layer covering stent struts. In this context, an advanced high-resolution imaging tool perfectly capable of portraying the vessel wall-lumen interface has long been awaited.
Investigation on occurrence of elevated edges in Selective Laser Melting

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a layer-wise material additive process for the direct fabrication of functional metallic parts. During the process, successive layers of metal powder are fully molten and consolidated on top of each other by the energy of a high intensity laser beam. The process is capable of producing almost fully dense three-dimensional parts having mechanical properties comparable to those of bulk materials. However, one of the problems encountered in SLM process is the occurrence of elevated ridges of the solidified material at the edges of the successive layers. Those ridges reduce the dimensional accuracy and topology of the top surface. The edge-effect problem is encountered not only in SLM, but also in other production techniques applying melting processes such as LENS® (The Laser Engineered Net Shaping) and EBM (Electron Beam Melting). In this study, the reasons for elevated edges and solutions to this problem are investigated and reported. Different scan strategies as well as different hatching and contour parameters are tested to reduce the edge-effect problem. Besides, the influence of applying laser re-melting in combination to selective laser melting has been investigated. It turns out that re-melting layers deposited by SLM improves the part density and surface roughness, but creates on its own elevated edges.
A critical assessment of energy-economy-climate models

Energy-economy-climate models are used extensively in the policy debate to address issues on energy planning and climate mitigation scenarios. We present an overview of types of models commonly used in policy processes, and we analyze some of the main mechanisms in these models. For example, parameterization of aspects such as technology diffusion and intangible and transaction costs may have great importance for the results and the dynamics of the model. We also find that model comparison papers tend to offer little qualitative insight into the effect of different model approaches and mechanisms. Finally, an extensive sensitivity analysis and a skilled modeling team are of key importance for the usefulness of these kinds of models as policy input.
HEPARAN SULFATE AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE: GENERAL ASPECTS OF THEIR PARTICIPATION DURING Plasmodium falciparum DEVELOPMENT

1 Biomedical Research Group UniRemington, Medicine Programe, Faculty of Health Sciences, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia 2 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Luís Carlos Burgos Herrera, Medellín Colombia – Suramérica lcburgos@gmail.com Raúl Leonardo Rocha, Medellín – ColombiaSuramérica raul.rocha@uniremington.edu. co Authors for correspondence: Erika Francisca Garrido, Medellín – ColombiaSuramérica erikafgz@gmail.com or erika.garrido@uniremington.edu. co Funding statement This work was supported by Faculty of Health Sciences of Corporación Universitaria Remington. ABSTRACT
Mechanism of Alkaline Lignin Oxidation Using Laccase-methyl Syringate Mediator System

The mechanism of alkaline lignin oxidation in presence of laccase-methyl syringate (MS) mediator is discussed in terms of morphological changes that take place during exposure of the lignin to the phosphate buffer solution (pH=6.5) for 72hr at 70 o C. The SEM analysis of lignin before and after enzymatic treatment reveals the morphological changes explained by the interaction of the lignin surface groups with laccase-methyl syringate system. The BET analysis confirms that this interaction causes the change in the surface area from 2.75 to 5.50cm 2 /g. The corresponding pore-size distribution in lignin sample treated with laccase-methyl syringate is much broader in comparison to the untreated lignin and the pores within 25-150nm range are detected as a result of the BJH analysis. The electrochemical study of lignin, lignin with laccase, and lignin with laccase in presence of the mediator in the buffer solution has been performed in the potential range from -0.3 to +1.0V vs. Ag, AgCl, Cl - reference electrode. The cyclic voltammetry confirms reversible oxidation-reduction behavior of the methyl syringate natural mediator in anaerobic and aerobic environment. Specifically in anaerobic conditions three oxidation anodic peaks (0.265V, 0.474V and 0.884V) and two reduction peaks (0.421V and 0.103V) were detected out of which the oxidation peak at 0.474V was assigned to the formation of MS∙ radical. In aerobic conditions the methyl syringate demonstrates two oxidation peaks (0.473V and 0.812V) and two reduction peaks (0.410V and 0.135V). The mechanism of MS radical stability in oxygen vs. anaerobic environment is proposed based on formation of MS∙ radicals.
Palatability, decomposition and insect herbivory: patterns in a successional old‐field plant community

We tested the hypothesis that selective feeding by insect herbivores in an old-field plant community induces a shift of community structure towards less palatable plant species with lower leaf and litter tissue quality and may therefore affect nutrient cycling. Leaf palatability of 20 herbaceous plant species which are common during the early successional stages of an old-field plant community was assayed using the generalist herbivores Deroceras reticulatum (Mollusca: Agriolomacidae) and Acheta domesticus (Ensifera: Gryllidae). Palatability was positively correlated with nitrogen content, specific leaf area and water content of leaves and negatively correlated with leaf carbon content and leaf C/N-ratio. Specific decomposition rates were assessed in a litter bag experiment. Decomposition was positively correlated with nitrogen content of litter, specific leaf area and water content of living leaves and negatively correlated with leaf C/N-ratio. When using phylogentically independent contrasts the correlations between palatability and decomposition versus leaf and litter traits remained significant (except for specific leaf area) and may therefore reflect functional relationships. As palatability and decomposition show similar correlations to leaf and litter traits, the correlation between leaf palatability and litter decomposition rate was also significant, and this held even in a phylogenetically controlled analysis. This correlation highlights the possible effects of invertebrate herbivory on resource dynamics. In a two-year experiment we reduced the density of above-ground and below-ground insect herbivores in an early successional old-field community in a two-factorial design by insecticide application. The palatability ranking of plants showed no relationship with the specific change of cover abundance of plants due to the reduction of above- or below-ground herbivory. Thus, changes in the dominance structure as well as potentially associated changes in the resource dynamics are not the result of differences in palatability between plant species. This highlights fundamental differences between the effects of insect herbivory on ecosystems and published results from vertebrate-grazing systems.
Source Finiteness and Rupture Propagation Using Higher-Degree Moment Tensors

Higher-degree moment tensor representation of seismic sources is obtained for a horizontally layered homogeneous medium. A Taylor series expansion of Green’s function around a reference source position and time is made, and this enables us to approximate the seismic radiation in both the regional and teleseismic distances through a sequence of terms representing increasingly detailed aspects of the source behavior. Source coefficients and orientation factors of the first- and second-degree moment tensors are obtained. The representation is applied to a unilateral rupture Haskell fault model, and the synthetic seismograms of different models calculated by the higher-degree moment tensors are compared with the theoretical solutions for a propagating source. Our results show that, the representation of higher- degree moment tensors up to degree 2 can describe the response of a moving source well enough, and it’s possible to use the moment series as a tool for calculating seismograms from finite and propagating faults in the forward sense. The computation takes much less time than the method of summing point sources over the fault surface. The information yielded by the higher-degree moments may solve problems such as the fault-plane ambiguity and the space–time evolution of the rupture propagation of an earthquake.
Filiation de manuscrits sanskrits et arbres phylogénétiques

La fabrication d’un stemma codicum est l’une des approches les plus rigoureuses de la critique textuel le. Elle exige la reconstruction de l’histoire du texte en classifiant le corpus pour decider si un groupe de manuscrits est engendre par un intermediaire perdu. Pour classifier notre corpus, nous employons des methodes de l’analyse textuelle informatisee et de la reconstruction phylogenetique afin d’etablir un arbre de la filiation. Les techniques employees sont dediees a un corpus de manuscrits sanskrits avec toutes les specificites de cette langue.
Controlled partial teleportation of entangled states

In this paper, we introduce the controlled partial teleportation of entangled states. By controlled partial teleportation we mean that teleportation will occur mediated by a third part and changing one of the partners of the entangled state to be teleported. We also provide a scheme for implementing controlled partial teleportation using internal degrees of freedom of trapped ions. Our scheme is insensitive to the exchange of vibrational energy with the environment.
Computing Additive Chained Volume Measures of GDP Subaggregates

This paper derives formulas for additive "chained volume measures" (CVMs) of GDP subaggregates depending on the underlying GDP quantity index. In turn, this paper explains why the formulas used in current practice yield nonadditive CVMs. This paper's additive formulas have significant practical implications given that nonadditivity prevails in all countries that have adopted the CVM framework for GDP and considering that more countries will be adopting this framework.