Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework

Integration has become both a key policy objective related to the resettlement of refugees and other migrants, and a matter of significant public discussion. Coherent policy development and productive public debate are, however, both threatened by the fact that the concept of integration is used with widely differing meanings. Based on review of attempted definitions of the term, related literature and primary fieldwork in settings of refugee settlement in the UK, the paper identifies elements central to perceptions of what constitutes ‘successful’ integration. Key domains of integration are proposed related to four overall themes: achievement and access across the sectors of employment, housing, education and health; assumptions and practice regarding citizenship and rights; processes of social connection within and between groups within the community; and structural barriers to such connection related to language, culture and the local environment. A framework linking these domains is presented as a tool to foster debate and definition regarding normative conceptions of integration in resettlement settings.
Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum Isolated from Soils of North Bengal Based on rDNA Markers and Analysis of Their PCR-RAPD Profiles

Nineteen isolates of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum obtained from rhizosphere soil of plantation crops, forest soil and agricultural fields of North Bengal region were studied using RAPD and ITS-PCR. The genetic relatedness among eleven isolates of T. viride and eight isolates of T. harzianum were analyzed with six random primers. RAPD profiles showed genetic diversity among the isolates with the formation of eight clusters. Analysis of dendrogram revealed that similarity coefficient ranged from 0.67 to 0.95. ITS-PCR of rDNA region with ITS1 and ITS4 primers produced 600bp products in all isolates. This result indicated the identification patterns of Trichoderma isolates.
Adaptive Interference Avoidance with Pre-RAKE Diversity Combining for High-Data-Rate UWB Systems

Multipath energy capture and inter-symbol interference (ISI) are two intractable problems in high-data-rate Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. To tackle the problems and simplify the receiver, we propose an adaptive interference avoidance scheme based on Pre-RAKE combining technique. The symbol repetition period (SRP) is regarded a changeable parameter in an ordered set to avoid severe interference paths and guarantee high data-rate. The set is known to both the transmitter and receiver. The index of the selected SRP is then sent to the receiver to coordinate the transmitter and receiver. The SRP can be updated adaptively according to the variations of the channels. Both theoretical analysis and simulations show that the ISI is mitigated and the transmission rate is improved simultaneously compared to the constant SRP transmission scheme.
Susceptibility of suspended and surface-attached Salmonella enteritidis to biocides and elevated temperatures

The differential resistance of substratum-attached, detached, and planktonic cells of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was studied by using several inimical processes and in vivo bioluminescence as a nondestructive, real-time reporter of metabolic activity. Bioluminescence in this strain was mediated by a construction containing the entire lux operon from Photorhabdus luminescens. An excellent correlation between bioluminescence and classical plate count data was obtained when we compared attachment profiles, biocide concentration exponents, and thermal inactivation D values (D value was the time required for a 10-fold reduction in the number of survivors). Biocide challenge of surface-adherent S. enteritidis resulted in concentration exponents that were experimentally indistinguishable from those obtained with Luria-Bertani broth-grown planktonic cells. It appears that cleansing regimes developed by using planktonic cell data are effective against surface-attached cells of this bacterium. Both attached and detached cells exhibited an approximately twofold increase in D values at 52 degrees C compared with values calculated for planktonic cells, strongly indicating that the detached cells exhibited an attached phenotype during the heating process. A model of a physiological adaptive response induced in attached cells and also reflected in detached cells is presented.
Role of Periplasmic Peptidylprolyl Isomerases in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence

ABSTRACT FkpA is a peptidylprolyl isomerase whose expression is regulated by the alternative sigma factor, sigma factor E (σE). In contrast to the results of a previous report, inactivation of fkpA was found to have only a minor effect on the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to invade and survive within epithelial and macrophage cell lines and cause infection in mice. However, an effect of the fkpA mutation on serovar Typhimurium virulence was seen if the mutation was combined with mutations in surA or htrA, two other σE-regulated genes, which encode proteins involved in protein folding and/or degradation in the periplasm.
Dynamics of Human Lumbar Intervertebral Joints: Experimental and Finite‐Element Investigations

To improve our understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the human lumbar spine, both experimental and finite-element methods are required. The experimental methods included measurement of the axial steady state response, resonant frequencies, and damping of seven lumbar motion segments under an upper-body mass of 40 kg. The influence of the presence of posterior elements and different magnitudes of compression preload on the response was also studied. To supplement the measurements, linear and nonlinear, axisymmetric, and threedimensional finite-element models of a L2-L3 disc-vertebra unit were developed to predict the free and forcedvibration responses. The step and harmonic loadings in the axial direction were considered for the forced-vibration analysis. The effect of the presence of the body mass and compression preloads were also examined. The results of experimental and finite-element studies were in good agreement with each other. They indicated that the system resonant frequencies are reduced considerably with the addition of a body mass of 40 kg and increase significantly (P < .005) as the compression preload increases. The compliance at both low and resonant frequencies decreases with increasing compression preload. Under preloads of not more than 680 N, removal of the facet joints tends to decrease slightly the segmental resonant frequencies irrespective of the magnitude of compression preload (P < .1). The finite-element model studies show quasistatic response under harmonic loads with periods much larger than the fundamental period of the segment and under step loads with slow rising times. Under a step load without the body mass, the nucleus pressure varies with both location and time and reaches a maximum of about 2.5 times that under equivalent static load. The addition of a 40-kg mass, in this case, renders a single degree-of-freedom response, with the pressure remaining nearly constant with location inside the nucleus. The stresses and strains throughout the segment in this case increase approximately twofold in comparison with equivalent static values. Partial or complete removal of the disc nucleus considerably decreases the resonant frequency and increases the corresponding segmental response amplitude (ie, compliance). The results indicate that the most vulnerable element under axial vibration loads is the cancellous bone adjacent to the nucleus space. Fatigue fracture of bone as a cumulative trauma and the subsequent loss of nucleus content likely initiates or accelerate the segmental degenerative processes. The annulus fibers do not appear to be vulnerable to rupture when the segment is subjected to pure
Observations of Sagittarius A* during the pericenter passage of the G2 object with MAGIC

Context. We present the results of a multi-year monitoring campaign of the Galactic center (GC) with the MAGIC telescopes. These observations were primarily motivated by reports that a putative gas cloud (G2) would be passing in close proximity to the super-massive black hole (SMBH), associated with Sagittarius A*, located at the center of our galaxy. This event was expected to give astronomers a unique chance to study the effect of in-falling matter on the broad-band emission of a SMBH. Aims. We search for potential flaring emission of very-high-energy (VHE; >= 100 GeV) gamma rays from the direction of the SMBH at the GC due to the passage of the G2 object. Using these data we also study the morphology of this complex region. Methods. We observed the GC region with the MAGIC Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes during the period 2012-2015, collecting 67 h of good-quality data. In addition to a search for variability in the flux and spectral shape of the GC gamma-ray source, we use a point-source subtraction technique to remove the known gamma-ray emitters located around the GC in order to reveal the TeV morphology of the extended emission inside that region. Results. No effect of the G2 object on the VHE gamma-ray emission from the GC was detected during the 4 yr observation campaign. We confirm previous measurements of the VHE spectrum of Sagittarius A*, and do not detect any significant variability of the emission from the source. Furthermore, the known VHE gamma-ray emitter at the location of the supernova remnant G0.9+0.1 was detected, as well as the recently discovered VHE source close to the GG radio arc.
Metabolic Engineering of ω3-Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production by an Exclusively Acyl-CoA-dependent Pathway*

ω3-Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFA) are essential for human development and brain function and, thus, are indispensable components of the human diet. The current main source of VLCPUFAs is represented by ocean fish stocks, which are in severe decline, and the development of alternative, sustainable sources of VLCPUFAs is urgently required. Our research aims at exploiting the powerful infrastructure available for the large scale culture of oilseed crops, such as rapeseed, to produce VLCPUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid in transgenic plants. VLCPUFA biosynthesis requires repeated desaturation and repeated elongation of long chain fatty acid substrates. In previous experiments the production of eicosapentaenoic acid in transgenic plants was found to be limited by an unexpected bottleneck represented by the acyl exchange between the site of desaturation, endoplasmic reticulum-associated phospholipids, and the site of elongation, the cytosolic acyl-CoA pool. Here we report on the establishment of a coordinated, exclusively acyl-CoA-dependent pathway, which avoids the rate-limiting transesterification steps between the acyl lipids and the acyl-CoA pool during VLCPUFA biosynthesis. The pathway is defined by previously uncharacterized enzymes, encoded by cDNAs isolated from the microalga Mantoniella squamata. The conceptual enzymatic pathway was established and characterized first in yeast to provide proof-of-concept data for its feasibility and subsequently in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. The comparison of the acyl-CoA-dependent pathway with the known lipid-linked pathway for VLCPUFA biosynthesis showed that the acyl-CoA-dependent pathway circumvents the bottleneck of switching the Δ6-desaturated fatty acids between lipids and acyl-CoA in Arabidopsis seeds.
Computational Photography: Methods and Applications

Computational photography refers broadly to imaging techniques that enhance or extend the capabilities of digital photography. This new and rapidly developing research field has evolved from computer vision, image processing, computer graphics and applied opticsand numerous commercial products capitalizing on its principles have already appeared in diverse market applications, due to the gradual migration of computational algorithms from computers to imaging devices and software. Computational Photography: Methods and Applications provides a strong, fundamental understanding of theory and methods, and a foundation upon which to build solutions for many of today's most interesting and challenging computational imaging problems. Elucidating cutting-edge advances and applications in digital imaging, camera image processing, and computational photography, with a focus on related research challenges, this book: Describes single capture image fusion technology for consumer digital cameras Discusses the steps in a camera image processing pipeline, such as visual data compression, color correction and enhancement, denoising, demosaicking, super-resolution reconstruction, deblurring, and high dynamic range imaging Covers shadow detection for surveillance applications, camera-driven document rectification, bilateral filtering and its applications, and painterly rendering of digital images Presents machine-learning methods for automatic image colorization and digital face beautification Explores light field acquisition and processing, space-time light field rendering, and dynamic view synthesis with an array of cameras Because of the urgent challenges associated with emerging digital camera applications, image processing methods for computational photography are of paramount importance to research and development in the imaging community. Presenting the work of leading experts, and edited by a renowned authority in digital color imaging and camera image processing, this book considers the rapid developments in this area and addresses very particular research and application problems. It is ideal as a stand-alone professional reference for design and implementation of digital image and video processing tasks, and it can also be used to support graduate courses in computer vision, digital imaging, visual data processing, and computer graphics, among others.
Frequency of Factor II G20210A and Factor V Leiden Mutations in Algerian Patients with Venous Thromboembolism

Several inherited polymorphisms are associated with the risk of venous thrombosis, including mutation at codon 506 of the factor V gene and mutation at position 20210 of the prothrombin gene. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of factor II G20210A and factor V Leiden mutations in Algerian patients with venous thromboembolism disease. In this study, genotyping for factor V Leiden and factor II G20210A mutations was performed in 40 patients with venous thrombosis by the GeneXpert Dx. According to the results of the study, factor V Leiden was detected in 5 patients (12.5%) and factor II G20210A was detected in only one patient (2.5%). Both mutations were found in heterozygous form and no patient was double heterozygous. In conclusion, the prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation was high among Algerian patients with venous thromboembolism disease however, further studies are needed in order to estimate the true prevalence of factor II G20210A and factor V Leiden mutations within this population as well as to verify where exactly they have occurred first and how they were carried to other parts of the world. Furthermore, it is hoped that new approaches namely the GWAS could be adopted towards the identification of new genetic risk factors within the Algerian population.
Modélisation du transfert technologique par système multi-agent : illustration à l'informatique verte (présentation courte)

Alors que la masse de recherche academique ne cesse de croitre, chacun peut observer la difficulte de transferer certains resultats du laboratoire vers l’industrie. Pour en comprendre les raisons, il est necessaire d’apprehender chaque acteur de ce transfert (ses motivations, ses contraintes, …). Dans cet article, nous presentons un systeme multiagent generique modelisant le transfert technologique entre le monde academique et les entreprises, et nous l’appliquons au domaine de l’informatique verte en s’interessant plus particulierement a l’impact de ce transfert sur le developpement durable dans la societe.
Built environment correlates of walking: a review.

INTRODUCTION The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in empirical investigation into the relations between built environment and physical activity. To create places that facilitate and encourage walking, practitioners need an understanding of the specific characteristics of the built environment that correlate most strongly with walking. This article reviews evidence on the built environment correlates with walking. METHOD Included in this review were 13 reviews published between 2002 and 2006 and 29 original studies published in 2005 and up through May 2006. Results were summarized based on specific characteristics of the built environment and transportation walking versus recreational walking. RESULTS Previous reviews and newer studies document consistent positive relations between walking for transportation and density, distance to nonresidential destinations, and land use mix; findings for route/network connectivity, parks and open space, and personal safety are more equivocal. Results regarding recreational walking were less clear. CONCLUSIONS More recent evidence supports the conclusions of prior reviews, and new studies address some of the limitations of earlier studies. Although prospective studies are needed, evidence on correlates appears sufficient to support policy changes.
A color image compression scheme based on the adaptive orthogonalized transform, accelerated by improvement of the dictionary

The paper proposes an improvement of coding performance for a color image compression scheme based on the adaptive orthogonalized transform (AOT). The paper proposes that the performance of the coder will be accelerated by reducing the dictionary size to 25% and by maintaining the approximation gain of the LBG algorithm by virtue of the fact that the AOT increases the approximation gain of the dictionary. The effectiveness of the proposal is confirmed by numerical experiments. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(8): 1–8, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10218
Low Body Mass Index Is an Important Risk Factor for Low Bone Mass and Increased Bone Loss in Early Postmenopausal Women

Thinness (low percentage of body fat, low body mass index [BMI], or low body weight) was evaluated as a risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD) or increased bone loss in a randomized trial of alendronate for prevention of osteoporosis in recently postmenopausal women with normal bone mass (n = 1609). The 2‐year data from the placebo group were used (n = 417). Percentage of body fat, BMI, and body weight were correlated with baseline BMD (r = −0.13 to −0.43, p < 0.01) and 2‐year bone loss (r = −0.14 to −0.19, p < 0.01). Women in the lowest tertiles of percentage of body fat or BMI had up to 12% lower BMD at baseline and a more than 2‐fold higher 2‐year bone loss as compared with women in the highest tertiles (p ≤ 0.004). Women with a lower percentage of body fat or BMI had higher baseline levels of urine N‐telopeptide cross‐links (r = −0.24 to −0.31, p < 0.0001) and serum osteocalcin (r = −0.12 to −0.15, p < 0.01). To determine if the magnitude of treatment effect of alendronate was dependent on these risk factors, the group treated with 5 mg of alendronate was included (n = 403). There were no associations between fat mass parameters and response to alendronate treatment, which indicated that risk of low bone mass and increased bone loss caused by thinness could be compensated by alendronate treatment. In conclusion, thinness is an important risk factor for low bone mass and increased bone loss in postmenopausal women. Because the response to alendronate treatment is independent of fat mass parameters, prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis can be equally achieved in thinner and heavier women.
The complex interplay between folate metabolism and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects all agegroups, although it is much more common inpediatric patients, with a peak incidence betweenthe ages of 1 and 4 years and a median age of 13 yearsat diagnosis (Surveillance, Epidemiology and EndResults [SEER] 2003–2007 data). While deregula-tion of pathways that control cell proliferation,differentiation, and survival contributes to its patho-genesis, the precise etiology of ALL is not yetunderstood. Many patients with ALL are in factchildren, and few have predisposing genetic syn-dromes or known carcinogenic exposures, such asionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents.Therefore increasing attention is being placed onidentifying underlying factors that increase thesusceptibility to the development of ALL. Folatemetabolism is essential to numerous cellular pro-cesses, including DNA and RNA synthesis as well asmethylation reactions involving homocysteine andDNA [1,2]. Rapidly dividing cells, therefore, havehigh folate requirements, and polymorphisms infolate-related genes can alter the amount or distribu-tion of this substrate available to cells. This has ledinvestigators to examine possible associations be-tween polymorphisms in the wide variety of genesinvolved in folate metabolism and the developmentof ALL. While there is a growing body of literatureexamining such associations, the results are not allconcordant.In this issue of Leukemia and Lymphoma,Yang et al. record the results of their study evaluatingsuch associations in the Han Chinese population [3]. This study reports on polymorphisms in ninedifferent folate-related genes in both adult andpediatric patients with ALL and found that in thepopulation studied, variations in RFC1 (reducedfolate carrier 1) and MTRR (methionine synthasereductase) confer an increased risk for developingadult ALL while MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofo-late reductase) and ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassettesub-family G member 2) polymorphisms confer adecreased risk. No signiﬁcant associations werefound between polymorphisms in any of the genesstudied and the risk of pediatric ALL.The most studied folate-related gene variants todate, in relation to ALL risk, are the 677C4T and1298A4C polymorphisms in MTHFR. While thereare conﬂicting results from various studies, severalmeta-analyses suggest a reduced risk of adult ALLwith the homozygous TT genotype but perhaps lessof a risk reduction with this genotype in pediatricpopulations [1,4,5], similar to what was observed byYang et al. in their report here [3]. There have beenseveral studies in pediatric populations, however,which identiﬁed a reduced risk of pediatric ALL withthe 677T allele [2,6]. Fewer studies are available onother genes involved in folate metabolism, and theresults in different populations vary. In general,though, studies that evaluated polymorphisms inRFC1 found a signiﬁcantly increased relative risk ofALL in patients with the 80G4A variant [2,7],similar to the results reported by Yang et al. [3]. On