Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new paradigm for practice education.

This paper explores the complex nature of professional practice. It suggests that educating for all practice disciplines is about to undergo a paradigm shift whereby the value of practical education and experience will be better understood, more rigorously analyzed and integrated with propositional knowledge in the construction of personal professional knowledge and identity. It relates this cross disciplinary position to the present problems of skills deficits which are evident in nurses at the point of registration and demonstrates how routinization and internalization of process and tacit knowledge can create problems for students and newly qualified staff nurses. It also suggests how this can be addressed. It discusses the present culture of 'clinical education by default', unavailability of mentors and resources, and general lack of formal collaborative structures between education and service institutions and suggests that the present system cannot sustain the complex demands, expectations and pace of the clinical context and the evolution of nursing practice. Clinical credibility is an issue as is the current heavy clinical workload of staff nurse mentors, and several collaborative clinical education models are outlined which ensure that staff nurses or resident clinical educators are available and can make clinical teaching their priority. History and the present crisis in nursing suggest that there is a case for mandatory collaborative education/service structures to ensure adequate funding and to monitor the effectiveness of selected models so that staff nurse mentors can work with lecturer colleagues to articulate and teach the complexities of clinical practice through related research. It is predicted that this collaborative approach is capable of addressing both the skills deficits and the wider intellectual challenge of developing a new paradigm of practice education and providing an integrated base for continuing professional development.
The Role of Socioeconomic Status on Health-Related Quality of Life in the West of Iran.

INTRODUCTION The quality of life involves different dimensions of people's social mental, physical welfare and health. AIM This study aimed to determine the effects of economic- social factors on quality of life in 2013 in the west of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we selected cases among different counties of Ilam province by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection tools were general economic questionnaires and the quality of life questionnaire SF-36. Data analysed using multiple regression models. RESULTS Nine hundred and eighteen participants were selected mean±sd age for the studied participant was 32.97±9.5 years and mean±sd scores for their quality of life were 61.74± 12.31. Based on results of logistic regression, the good quality of life among women was 1.2 times more than men and among married was 1.47 times more than single. After adjustments on other covariates, the odds of good quality of life for people with good and median economic condition was respectively 1.8 and 3.4 times more than groups with bad economic condition. CONCLUSION Therefore, the general improvement of people's quality of life can be influenced by increasing social cooperation, improving health care services and providing counseling services about obtained policies by health care.
Lumbar segmental 'instability': clinical presentation and specific stabilizing exercise management.

Lumbar segmental instability is considered to represent a significant sub-group within the chronic low back pain population. This condition has a unique clinical presentation that displays its symptoms and movement dysfunction within the neutral zone of the motion segment. The loosening of the motion segment secondary to injury and associated dysfunction of the local muscle system renders it biomechanically vulnerable in the neutral zone. The clinical diagnosis of this chronic low back pain condition is based on the report of pain and the observation of movement dysfunction within the neutral zone and the associated finding of excessive intervertebral motion at the symptomatic level. Four different clinical patterns are described based on the directional nature of the injury and the manifestation of the patient's symptoms and motor dysfunction. A specific stabilizing exercise intervention based on a motor learning model is proposed and evidence for the efficacy of the approach provided.
Combining Hedgehog Signaling Inhibition with Focal Irradiation on Reduction of Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis

Pancreatic cancer often presents in advanced stages and is unresponsive to conventional treatments. Thus, the need to develop novel treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer has never been greater. Here, we report that combination of focal irradiation with hedgehog (Hh) signaling inhibition exerts better than additive effects on reducing metastases. In an orthotopic model, we found that focal irradiation alone effectively reduced primary tumor growth but did not significantly affect metastasis. We hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC) of pancreatic cancer are responsible for the residual tumors following irradiation, which may be regulated by Hh signaling. To test our hypothesis, we showed that tumor metastasis in our model was accompanied by increased expression of CSC cell surface markers as well as Hh target genes. We generated tumor spheres from orthotopic pancreatic and metastatic tumors, which have elevated levels of CSC markers relative to the parental cells and elevated expression of Hh target genes. Irradiation of tumor spheres further elevated CSC cell surface markers and increased Hh target gene expression. Combination of Hh signaling inhibition with radiation had more than additive effects on tumor sphere regeneration in vitro. This phenotype was observed in two independent cell lines. In our orthotopic animal model, focal radiation plus Hh inhibition had more than additive effects on reducing lymph node metastasis. We identified several potential molecules in mediating Hh signaling effects. Taken together, our data provide a rationale for combined use of Hh inhibition with irradiation for clinical treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 1038–48. ©2013 AACR.
Nutrition and severe chronic respiratory diseases: Pathophysiologic mechanisms

Malnutrition associated with chronic respiratory failure and, more particularly, with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD), has recently been the focus of many clinical and animal research studies.I4 Among adults with COPD, 25% to 40% exhibit nutritional abnormalities that predict increased risks of mortality and morbidity independently from ventilatory function im~airment . ~ In pediatric patients, few studies have addressed the nutritional consequences of chronic respiratory diseases other than cystic fibrosis. Nevertheless, the prevalence of nutritional abnormalities is as high as in adults: we found inadequate weight gain in as many as 15% of children with chronic respiratory diseases other than cystic fibrosis (chronic bronchitis, residual virus-induced injury, asthma and so on) and in nearly 30% of children with COPD documented by lung function testing. ’ In pediatric patients, malnutrition is of particular concern since it adversely affects not only statural growth but also lung development. Thus, specific nutritional treatment is essential. This treatment rests on a clear understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying malnutrition itself and its consequences on the respiratory system.
Fluorine as a hydrogen-bond acceptor: experimental evidence and computational calculations.

Hydrogen-bonding interactions play an important role in many chemical and biological systems. Fluorine acting as a hydrogen-bond acceptor in intermolecular and intramolecular interactions has been the subject of many controversial discussions and there are different opinions about it. Recently, we have proposed a correlation between the propensity of fluorine to be involved in hydrogen bonds and its (19)F NMR chemical shift. We now provide additional experimental and computational evidence for this correlation. The strength of hydrogen-bond complexes involving the fluorine moieties CH2F, CHF2, and CF3 was measured and characterized in simple systems by using established and novel NMR methods and compared to the known hydrogen-bond complex formed between acetophenone and p-fluorophenol. Implications of these results for (19)F NMR screening are analyzed in detail. Computed values of the molecular electrostatic potential at the different fluorine atoms and the analysis of the electron density topology at bond critical points correlate well with the NMR results.
Lamina cribrosa and peripapillary sclera histomorphometry in normal and advanced glaucomatous Chinese eyes with various axial length.

PURPOSE To measure laminar and peripapillary scleral architecture in normal and glaucomatous Chinese eyes with normal and those with elongated axial length. METHODS The histomorphometric investigation included a normal group (nonaxially elongated eyes) of 40 human globes (40 patients; mean age, 41.3 +/- 13.4 years; range,15-68) enucleated because of malignant choroidal melanoma, a glaucomatous group (non-axially elongated eyes) of 55 eyes (55 patients; age, 43.3 +/- 20.3 years; range, 12-88) enucleated because of painful secondary angle-closure glaucoma, and a group of 26 glaucomatous globes (glaucomatous elongated axial length group; 26 patients; age, 29.0 +/- 14.4 years; range, 12-60) with an axial length > 27.5 mm. Anterior-posterior histologic sections were morphometrically evaluated. RESULTS The lamina cribrosa was significantly (P < 0.001) thicker in the normal group than in the glaucomatous group, in which it was significantly (P < 0.001) thicker than in the glaucomatous elongated-length group. Lamina cribrosa thickness decreased significantly with increasing axial length (P < 0.001) and presence of glaucoma (P < 0.001). Peripapillary scleral thickness close to the optic nerve scleral canal and just outside of the optic nerve meninges decreased significantly with increasing axial length (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Peripapillary scleral thickness did not vary significantly between the glaucomatous group and the normal group. The distance between the intraocular space and cerebrospinal fluid space was (P < 0.001) shorter in the two glaucomatous groups than in the normal group. CONCLUSIONS Lamina cribrosa thickness and peripapillary sclera thickness decreased significantly with axial length, in addition to a glaucoma-related thinning of the lamina cribrosa. In non-axially elongated eyes, the peripapillary sclera thickness did not vary significantly between glaucomatous eyes and normal eyes.
A CCII-Based High Impedance Input Stage for Biomedical Applications

An integrated current mode high impedance input stage designed for Electrocardiography (ECG) systems (or low frequency general applications) is presented. This feature becomes necessary when a two-electrodes ECG apparatus is used (e.g., in fetal ECG or heart monitoring in extreme sports) and a good response of the system to common mode signals is required. The proposed input stage, based on a bootstrap topology that simultaneously increases the ECG electrodes input impedance (from 5 ÷ 50 kΩ to about 50 MΩ) and amplifies the applied signal, is implemented by using a configuration that employs only two second generation current conveyors for each electrode. Post-layout simulations have proved that the proposed system is quite not sensible to electrodes mismatch and battery discharge.
An update on oligodendroglial neoplasms

Purpose of reviewThe most widely accepted brain tumor classificiation system remains morphology-based but the increasing knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of oligodendroglial tumors has spurred translational research yielding new diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms. These data have accumulated rapidly and, in combination with exciting new insights in the cellular origin of these tumors, necessitate a review. Recent findings‘Cancer stem cells’ have been identified in gliomas. Further study of these cells will not only provide information on the cellular origin and pathogenesis of these tumors but may also give rise to new treatments that target a cell pool not amenable to current therapeutic strategies. Molecular tumor characteristics have been correlated with imaging findings, treatment response and prognosis. This has enabled neuro-oncologists to take a risk-stratified approach to patients with oligodendrogliomas that optimizes treatment efficacy and minimizes toxicity. Furthermore, more accurate epidemiological data have become available from population-based studies. SummaryIn spite of remarkable progress over the last 15 years, these tumors remain incurable. The search for a cure has to go on, while currently available multidisciplinary treatments are refined.
Performance Comparison of Coded OFDM with DFT-Precoding over Nonlinear Channels

Recent wireless communications systems adopt orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling mainly due to its robustness against fading channels with simple receiver structure. However, it results in poor power amplifier (PA) efficiency or otherwise suffers from severe nonlinear distortion since the transmit signals have high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). To mitigate this, DFT-precoded OFDM has been adopted in the uplink of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, which virtually forms single-carrier signals and thus generates lower PAPR than the original OFDM. Nevertheless, the insertion of precoding for OFDM generally complicates the design of optimal detection and suboptimal detection is usually employed. Therefore, the DFT- precoded OFDM with suboptimal detection shows performance inferior to the original OFDM over frequency-selective fading channels when both the systems are protected by channel coding. This observation raises a question if the DFT-precoded OFDM system can outperform OFDM when nonlinearity associate with PA is also considered. In this work, we compare the performance of coded OFDM with and without DFT precoding where both PA nonlinearity and frequency selectiveness of channels are taken into account.
Flux-Weakening Control of IPM Motors With Significant Effect of Magnetic Saturation and Stator Resistance

In this paper, we propose a systematic optimization approach to flux-weakening control of interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motors, which operate in magnetic saturation. The current commands are chosen to be optimal so as to minimize power loss not only in the constant-torque region but also in the constant-power region. Our approach aims at the same objective as the previously known flux-weakening control. Furthermore, the motor torque of an IPM motor in magnetic saturation can be made exactly linear with respect to the torque command. Thereby, our systematic approach can provide not only maximal power efficiency but also torque linearity. In doing so, we consider a more general situation than that considered in prior literature. Specifically speaking, the physical constraints in stator currents and voltages, and the effect of stator resistance are all taken into full account. As a result, the optimization problem becomes very complicated. Nonetheless, we have successfully found the approximate optimal solution, which can be readily implemented on a usual high-speed microprocessor. The practical effectiveness of the proposed control method is also demonstrated through various simulation and experimental results.
Interactions between major nutrients in the diet and the lactational performance of rats

The effect on lactational performance of replacing feed carbohydrate with fat at two different protein levels was studied. Lactating Sprague–Dawley rats with a standardized litter size of thirteen pups were allocated one of eight feeds containing either 300 or 150 g protein/kg organic matter (OM) and ranging in fat content from 100 to 550 g/kg OM from day 2 until day 14 of lactation. Daily food intake, live-weight gains, and changes in body composition of both dams and litters were measured. Feeds of low protein content resulted in a significant decline (P < 0.001) in lactational performance despite a significant increase (P < 0.001) in maternal protein mobilization. Maternal lipid mobilization was not significantly affected by feed composition. Litter lipid gain was significantly increased (P < 0.05) as fat replaced carbohydrate in the high-protein feeds, due to an increase in maternal energy intake. In contrast, lactational performance was severely depressed (P < 0.001) as fat replaced carbohydrate in the low-protein feeds. This interaction between feed components on lactational performance was in accordance with the hypothesis that the heat production of lactating rats is maximal and, hence, constraining intake.
Visual speech influences speeded auditory identification

Auditory speech perception is faster and more accurate when combined with visual speech. We attempted to replicate previous findings that suggested visual speech facilitates auditory processing when speech is paired with matching video and interferes with processing when paired with mismatched videos. Crucially we employed button presses instead of a vocal response to determine if previous results could be attributed to the specific nature of the task. Stimuli consisted of the sounds 'apa’, 'aka' and 'ata', with matched and mismatched videos that showed the talker’s whole face or upper face (control). The percentage of matched AV videos was set at 85% in the congruent condition and 15% in the incongruent condition. The results show that speeded identification decisions influence auditory processing. Furthermore, this influence is moderated by (a) visual speech acting as a temporal cue to the acoustic signal and (b) resolving the perceived differences between visual and auditory modalities. The current study builds on previous results suggesting visual speech plays a role in the termporal processing of auditory speech.
Morphology of the Trypanosome Bilobe, a Novel Cytoskeletal Structure

ABSTRACT The trypanosome bilobe is a cytoskeletal structure of unclear function. To date, four proteins have been shown to localize stably to it: TbMORN1, TbLRRP1, TbCentrin2, and TbCentrin4. In this study, a combination of immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy was used to explore the morphology of the bilobe and its relationship to other nearby cytoskeletal structures in the African trypanosome procyclic trypomastigote. The use of detergent/salt-extracted flagellum preparations was found to be an effective way of discerning features of the cytoskeletal ultrastructure that are normally obscured. TbMORN1 and TbCentrin4 together define a hairpin structure comprising an arm of TbCentrin4 and a fishhook of TbMORN1. The two arms flank a specialized microtubule quartet and the flagellum attachment zone filament, with TbMORN1 running alongside the former and TbCentrin4 alongside the latter. The hooked part of TbMORN1 sits atop the flagellar pocket collar marked by TbBILBO1. The TbMORN1 bilobe occasionally exhibits tendrillar extensions that seem to be connected to the basal and probasal bodies. The TbMORN1 molecules present on these tendrils undergo higher rates of turnover than those for molecules on the main bilobe structure. These observations have been integrated with previous detailed descriptions of the cytoskeletal elements in trypanosome cells.
ATF1 Phosphorylation by the ERK MAPK Pathway Is Required for Epidermal Growth Factor-induced c-jun Expression*

Epidermal growth factor induction of c-jun expression requires ATF1 and MEF2 sites in the c-jun promoter. We find that activation of the c-jun promoter through the ATF1 site requires phosphorylation of ATF1 at serine 63. A serine 63 to alanine mutation of ATF1 acts to block epidermal growth factor (EGF) induction of a transfected c-jun gene. ATF1 can be phosphorylated by mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), which is activated by EGF and ERK1/2. Kinase-dead MSK1 mutants blocked EGF induction of a transfected c-jun gene suggesting that MSK1 or a similar family member is required for induced c-junexpression. Use of the MEK1 inhibitor U0126 and dominant negative MEK1 further showed that MSK1 activation and c-jun induction require the ERK pathway. In contrast, a JNK inhibitor blocked EGF induction of c-jun expression but not ATF1 phosphorylation. These results show that the two MAPK pathways, ERK and JNK, are required for EGF-induced c-jun expression and that the ERK pathway acts through downstream phosphorylation of ATF1.
The large‐scale placebo‐controlled beta‐blocker studies in systolic heart failure revisited: results from CIBIS‐II, COPERNICUS and SENIORS‐SHF compared with stratified subsets from MERIT‐HF

The four pivotal beta‐blocker trials in heart failure (HF) had different inclusion criteria, making comparison difficult without patient stratifying. The aim of this study was to compare, in similar patients, the effects of bisoprolol, metoprolol controlled release/extended release (CR/XL), carvedilol and nebivolol on (i) total mortality, (ii) all‐cause mortality or hospitalization due to cardiovascular causes (time to first event), (iii) all‐cause mortality or hospitalization because of HF and (iv) tolerability, defined as discontinuation of randomized treatment.
Historical convergence and divergence in Basque accentuation

Within the Basque-speaking territory, pitch-accent phenomena are found in two areas: Northern Bizkaia and Western Navarre. These two systems differ from each other in important respects. Whereas Northern Bizkaian has a system of the Tokyo Japanese type, the Western Navarrese pitch-accent contrast is reminiscent of those of languages like Swedish. The two systems are separated by a large area without pitch contrasts, where only the position of the accent is contrastive. In this paper, building in part on earlier work, I put forward a specific hypothesis that accounts for the historical connections among these different accentual systems. Particular attention is given to the accentuation of plural forms, where, at first glance, opposite patterns (accentual protraction vs. retraction) appear to be found in neighboring areas. The development of accentual contrasts in ancient Basque is also related to certain segmental alternations in compounds through a hypothesized process of glottalization. 2. keywords accentuation, pitch-accent, stress, diachronic prosody, cliticization, accentual change 3 Languages mentioned : Basque, Spanish, Japanese, Swedish
Leveling Up: Early Results from a Randomized Evaluation of Post-Secondary Aid

Does financial aid increase college attendance and completion? Selection bias and the high implicit tax rates imposed by overlapping aid programs make this question difficult to answer. This paper reports initial findings from a randomized evaluation of a large privately-funded scholarship program for applicants to Nebraska’s public colleges and universities. Our research design answers the challenges of aid evaluation with random assignment of aid offers and a strong first stage for aid received: randomly assigned aid offers increased aid received markedly. This in turn appears to have boosted enrollment and persistence, while also shifting many applicants from two- to four-year schools. Awards offered to nonwhite applicants, to those with relatively low academic achievement, and to applicants who targeted less-selective four-year programs (as measured by admissions rates) generated the largest gains in enrollment and persistence, while effects were much smaller for applicants predicted to have stronger post-secondary outcomes in the absence of treatment. Thus, awards enabled groups with historically-low college attendance to ‘level up,’ largely equalizing enrollment and persistence rates with traditionally college-bound peers, particularly at four-year programs. Awards offered to prospective community college students had little effect on college enrollment or the type of college attended.