Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proactive limber pine conservation strategy for the Greater Rocky Mountain National Park Area

Ecological condition and context determine the likelihood of success of management interventions to mitigate impacts of white pine blister rust (WPBR) (Schoettle et al. 2019a). In populations heavily impacted by WPBR, the remaining seed trees may be too few to support natural regeneration even with management intervention. Likewise, rust pressure can be so high that it will overcome the expression of WPBR-resistance, reducing the efficacy of planting with resistant stock. Management has a low probability of successfully rebuilding a population under these conditions (Keane and Schoettle 2011); focusing less on these areas in favor of managing areas with less rust pressure may be a better investment. In threatened or less impacted populations, regeneration management, whether it be planting genetically resistant seedling stock, maintaining and augmenting the size of the pine populations, or generating a diverse mosaic of stand ages across a landscape, can provide and position young seedlings to begin to mature to help offset mortality of the reproductive overstory trees as the disease intensifies over time (Schoettle and Sniezko 2007).
Application of Remote Sensing Data in Lithological Discrimination of Kerdous Inlier in the Anti Atlas Belt of Morocco

Remote sensing data reveals a great importance for lithological mapping due to their spatial, spectral and radiometric characteristics. Lithological mapping using spatial data is a preliminary and important step to mineral mapping. In this work, several spectral and radiometric transformations methods were applied on Landsat 8 OLI data to enhance lithological units in the study area situated in the Anti Atlas belt. The methods of Optimum Index Factor (OIF), Decorrelation Stretching (DS), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Band Ratioing (BR) showed good results for lithological mapping in comparison with the existing geological and field investigation. An RGB color composite of OLI bands 651 was developed for mapping lithological units of the study area by fusing optimum index factor (OIF) and decorrelation stretching methods. furthermore, Band ratios derived from image spectra were applied in two RGB color composites (7+4/2, PC1, PC2) and (PC1, 7/6, 3/7) providing good discrimination of the lithological units. The Landsat-8 OLI data significantly provided satisfied results for lithological mapping.
A Year of Homelessness and Housing among Status Immigrant, Non-Status Migrant, and Canadian-Born Families

greatest affordability problems, and therefore the greatest risk of homelessness. A better understanding of the way in which discrimination contributes to homelessness among immigrant and refugee families with children can improve public policy and programs for immigrant families, thereby reducing family homelessness. We therefore conducted a study of women and their families who were living in shelters, to compare the experiences of Canadian-born women, and women who had come as immigrants, refugees or other migrants to Canada.
Friction in Cold Ice Within Outer Solar System Satellites With Reference to Thermal Weakening at High Sliding Velocities

The icy shells of Enceladus and Europa consist from top down of cold (~100 K) ice at low (<0.1 MPa) pressure, cold ice at high pressure up to ~10 MPa, and warm ice near 273 K the base. The pressure ~10 MPa and temperature near 273 K of basal ice within Enceladus and Europa are similar to that within terrestrial glaciers that are known to have seismicity (icequakes). Warm ice easily melts during sliding so its icequakes are qualitatively explained and expected on these satellites if the macroscopic strain rates are comparable to those within terrestrial glaciers subjected to oceanic tides. However, cold ice at high pressures does not readily macroscopically melt during sliding. A dynamic weakening mechanism for crustal faults in rock may be applicable to Enceladus and Europa. Micron‐scale real contacts support ~0.4‐GPa shear tractions and normal tractions on rapidly sliding ice faults. At sliding velocities above ~0.1 m/s, the asperity tips of the contacts become hot and weak in ice. The macroscopic friction depends on the average strength of the asperity tips during the lifetimes of contact. The strength of the asperity tips self‐organizes so that frictional heating balances the heat lost from the asperity tip by conduction. The macroscopic coefficient of friction at coseismic sliding velocities decreases to a modest fraction of the low‐velocity coefficient of friction, but does not approach zero. This velocity‐weakening mechanism likely allows major icequakes within the cold interiors of Europa and Enceladus.
Building realistic structure models to train convolutional neural networks for seismic structural interpretation

Seismic structural interpretation involves highlighting and extracting faults and horizons that are apparent as geometric features in a seismic image. Although seismic image processing methods have been proposed to automate fault and horizon interpretation, each of which today still requires significant human effort. We improve automatic structural interpretation in seismic images by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that recently have shown excellent performances in detecting and extracting useful image features and objects. The main limitation of applying CNNs in seismic interpretation is the preparation of many training data sets and especially the corresponding geologic labels. Manually labeling geologic features in a seismic image is highly time-consuming and subjective, which often results in incompletely or inaccurately labeled training images. To solve this problem, we have developed a workflow to automatically build diverse structure models with realistic folding and faulting features. In this workflow, with some assumptions about typical folding and faulting patterns, we simulate structural features in a 3D model by using a set of parameters. By randomly choosing the parameters from some predefined ranges, we are able to automatically generate numerous structure models with realistic and diverse structural features. Based on these structure models with known structural information, we further automatically create numerous synthetic seismic images and the corresponding ground truth of structural labels to train CNNs for structural interpretation in field seismic images. Accurate results of structural interpretation in multiple field seismic images indicate that our workflow simulates realistic and generalized structure models from which the CNNs effectively learn to recognize real structures in field images.
Post-dredging fish species composition and relative abundance of kubanni reservoir Zaria, Kaduna state Nigeria

A survey of fish species composition and relative abundance of Kubanni reservoir was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018 after dredging. 2009 fish, comprising fourteen species belonging to 7 families were caught using an experimental gill net. Family Cichlid has the highest abundance rate of 1091 followed by Latidae with 382. Oreochromis niloticus dominated the catches with 918(45.69%) followed by Lates niloticus with 382 (19.01). The fish family Cichlid was found to be dominant in all the habitats during the sampling period, followed by Latidae and Schilbeidae. Gillnet with the smaller mesh size has the highest number of catch. The result of fish species composition and relative abundance after dredging shows no significant difference to what was reported before dredging, which could be due to short time exposure of the fish to the effect of the dredging.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination Level (Mercury, Lead, Cadmium) in Fishery Products Exported From Senegal

Domestic, hospital and industrial wastes are major generators of heavy metals. These wastes added to those found in nature pollute the aquatic environment through the discharge. Heavy metals are toxic to living organisms. They accumulate in these beings. Humans get intoxicated by ingesting fish species contaminated by heavy metals. To evaluate the risk of intoxication of humans, it is proposed to determine the mercury, lead and cadmium content of fish and shellfish processed in Senegal. The contamination level of mercury content is determined by the DMA 80. The lead and cadmium content in the species is made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results obtained show that among the metals measured, lead has the highest content in all species. This is due to its abundance in the waste. Lead is more concentrated in species that live on the bottom. Large species concentrate high levels of mercury due to accumulation and biomagnification. Cadmium is the most concentrated in invertebrates, most of whose consumption consists of plants. The levels of all heavy metals measured in species do not exceed national and international standards. But as metals accumulate, monitoring is needed to limit poisoning.
The Effects of Different Angles of Wedged Insoles on Knee Varus Torque in Healthy Subjects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the angle of a wedged insole on knee varus torque during walking. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited. Knee varus torque was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis (Elite). Knee varus torque was normalized to gait cycle (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral initial contact) and stance phase (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral toe off). The average peaks of knee varus torque during the stance phase of the gait cycle according to the different insole angles (10 or 15 degrees) were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that in the early stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for both the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions and decreased significantly for both the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p.05). In the late stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions (p.05). We suggest that these results may be beneficial for manufacturing foot orthotic devices, such as wedged insoles, to control medial and lateral compartment forces in the knee varus-valgus deformity. Further studies of the effects of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque in patients with medial-lateral knee osteoarthritis are needed.
Gobernanza en la gestión integral de recursos hídricos en las subcuencas Río Sabinal y Cañón Del Sumidero en Chiapas, México

Se analizan los procesos de gobernanza del agua de las subcuencas Río Sabinal y Cañón del Sumidero en Chiapas, México, con el objetivo de ofrecer una visión de conjunto de los principales problemas que las afectan y los mecanismos para abordarlos. Se utiliza el enfoque metodológico denominado Marco Analítico de la Gobernanza (Hufty, 2004) para dar cuenta de tres experiencias de gobernanza del agua que aglutinan a un nutrido grupo de actores. Se abordan cinco dimensiones analíticas: definición del problema, nodos o espacios de interacción, actores, normas y procesos de interacción, valorando a los sectores involucrados en la construcción de una gobernanza del agua participativa y efectiva.
Effects of Pilot Injection Timing on The Engine Performance of A Diesel Dual Fuel Engine

The combustion process in dual fuel diesel engines occurs sequentially starting with premix burning. The premix burning starts with the ignition delay process. The presence of CNG causes the ignition delay process to become longer, thereby reducing engine performance and increasing emissions on dual fuel diesel engines. This study uses diesel engine type Diamond DI 800 with dual fuel indirect injection model system. The method used a variation of diesel pilot injection timing 110 CA, 130 CA, 150 CA, 170 and 190 CA BTDC. Testing is done with a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm and loading 500 to 3000 watts with 500-watt intervals. The results show that by advancing the diesel pilot injection timing where brake horsepower and the average effective pressure between single fuel and dual fuel is not too far as the current and voltage changes generated by the generator are not too small. While optimal thermal efficiency increased by 4.11%, while CO and HC emissions decreased respectively by 10.85% and 8.28% at occurred at the pilot injection timing 170 CA BTDC but still under the single fuel engine.
Linking spectral signals with novel photosynthetic parameters from the leaf to the canopy

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Structural and kinematic analysis of a shutter from monocoque trailer

The bodies of trucks or trailers are provided with automatic folding shutters to ease the discharge of the transported materials. Typically, these shutters are powered by mechanisms that have active motor groups such as RRTaR or RR-RR-RTaR (i.e. motor dice or triads) and passive motor groups such as RRR, RR-RR-RR etc. If the technological forces are high and the relative speeds between the elements forming the steering coupler are small, the motor groups are formed by rigid bars and hydraulic cylinders. If relatively high gear ratios are required, then pneumatic cylinders may be used. If required relatively high speeds in the driving couplings, then you can use pneumatic cylinders. This paper presents structural and kinematic analysis of a shutter from a trailer used to transport bulk agricultural products, discharge towards the back. For the kinematic analysis of the folding shutter mechanism, computational procedures written in the Matlab syntax are used. The results of the calculations are presented in tabular and diagrams. After the cinematic analysis of the mechanism, it is possible to perform its cinetostatic analysis, i.e. the determination of the reactions from the kinematic couplers, as well as the hydraulic force in the hydraulic cylinder. Results can be used for the dimensional verification of the chosen elements.
A cross-sectional study on prevalence of obesity in adults of rural area (hajin block) of Kashmir valley with reference to their demographic profile

Background: Obesity results when the size or number of fat cells in a person's body increases. When a person gains weight, these fat cells first increase in size and later in number. When a person starts losing weight, the cells decrease in size, but the number of fat cells generally stays the same. This is part of the reason that once you gain a significant amount of weight, it is more difficult to lose it. The global epidemic of overweight and obesity - “globesity” - is rapidly becoming a major public health problem in many parts of the world. The obesity epidemic moves through a population in a reasonably consistent pattern over time and this is reflected in the different patterns in low-and high income countries. In more affluent countries, it is associated with lower socioeconomic status, especially in women, and rural communities. Material and Methods: The study was a population based cross sectional survey conducted among residents of rural area of Kashmir Valley in the age group of 25-64yrs. WHO STEP wise approach was utilized for conducting the study. A multistage cluster sampling design was used. People having secondary obesity, drug induced obesity and pregnant ladies were excluded from this study. The data was collected and analyzed using statistical software and chi square statistical test were applied. Results: Out of total 960 participants 12.29% were obese. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in females with 48.11%. Highest prevalence for overweight/obesity was in age group of 45-54 years (55.55%). The percentage of Overweight/obese was highest in post graduates (65.78%). The prevalence of Overweight/Obese increases with higher socio-economic classes. Overweight/obese was highest in married (46.31%) followed by ever married (44.18%) and then by unmarried (28.52%). This association was statistically highly significant (p value<0.001). Conclusion: This study found a high burden of major risk factor of non-communicable diseases with 40.62% overweight or obese. Since risk factors for major NCDs tend to appear in early life and track down into adulthood, it is thus, needed to identify those adults or groups with unfavorable risk profiles.
Drivers And Impacts Of The Invasive Round Goby (neogobius Melanostomus) In Michigan Tributaries To The Great Lakes

The abundance and persistence of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has often resulted in antagonistic interactions between the invasive and its native competitors. In this study, I sought to quantify the consequences and environmental context of these interactions in Great Lakes tributaries. Specifically, I aimed to identify changes in feeding and reproductive behavior in a native competitor in response to round goby invasion, identify potential solutions to increase regular stream monitoring by tapping into citizen science programs, and quantify the environmental context associated with successful goby invasion. Surveys of fish communities were conducted over three years in seven Michigan tributaries to the Great Lakes. Each site was evaluated for fish assemblage composition, round goby abundance, and habitat quality. Individual round goby and a native competitor, the Johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum), were dissected for a diet comparison and to identify investment in reproduction to illustrate changes in feeding and reproductive behavior by the native species. To inform better practices for stream management and invasion detection, a quality assessment of two citizen science programs in the area was completed. Citizen data was directly compared to traditional research focused sampling methods to verify the validity of the data and its potential inclusion in ecological research. Finally, a model was developed to identify the environmental context common to sites invaded by round goby. Results suggest that Johnny darter diet diversity decreases, trophic position increases, and reproductive timing changes when goby are present. Citizen science may provide a way to monitor stream degradation which can facilitate these negative interactions. Despite differences in sampling methodology, qualitative citizen data reached similar conclusions about site quality as quantitative research methods. As identified by the environmental context model, altered riparian land use and decreased native species diversity are common characteristics of sites invaded by round goby. Regular monitoring for these characteristics may help identify locations vulnerable to round goby invasion so prevention and mitigation resources can be efficiently allocated. This research provides background on round goby invasion that can be utilized to better manage native species and ecosystems to increase resistance to and reduce the impacts of invasion.
Intraspecific Variation of One of the Oldest Litopterna (Mammalia), Protolipterna ellipsodontoides, and Redescription of the Species

Abstract. Acknowledgment of intraspecific variation is an important part of a reliable species diagnosis. For mammalian taxonomy, tooth morphology is an especially important trait and, therefore, the morphological variability of these structures is also greatly significant. Here we describe major dental variation present for Protolipterna ellipsodontoides Cifelli (Litopterna) based on a sample of more than 500 teeth and provide a differential diagnosis distinguishing the species from its sister taxa. Initially, the sample was carefully observed under stereomicroscope in order to identify variable traits. Further variable features were also highlighted by a geometric morphometric analysis. We conducted statistic tests to assess the likelihood that the fossils belong to a single species and the single identity of the sample was recovered. A great deal of our results show that structures like the parastyle, hypocone, conular cristae and ectoflexus can show different degrees of development for the same species. The tooth outline may also show some variation in shape and proportions. Many of those features are used as characters of phylogenies, however, the results obtained indicate these traits to be inappropriate for this sort of study, as they are variable within a single species. Some accessory cusps were also found, but they have very low frequency. Furthermore, these traits lack a clear phylogenetic signal and hence are of dubious validity to taxonomy and systematics.
Aspects on Revascularization for Coronary Artery Disease -From a Patient, Health Care Provider and Societal Perspective

Background: Balloon dilatation with related techniques (PCI) is well established for treatment of angina pectoris. New techniques, that may increase costs, have been developed with the aim of reducing the risk of recurrent stenosis and symptoms, restenosis. It has, however, not been defined what a restenosis means to the patient or what expectations patients in general have prior to investigation and treatment of coronary artery disease. Aims: To evaluate the effects increased usage of stents in association with PCI, what it means to the patient to have a restenosis and to collect patients ́ expectations, perceptions and attitudes in connection to investigation for suspect coronary artery disease. Results: Increased use of stents in association with PCI resulted in fewer new revascularizations without influencing subsequent mortality or risk for acute myocardial infarction. The initial in-hospital costs increased but were unchanged in the long term, as were sick leaves. The patients ́ perception of restenosis was dominated by the experience of “living with uncertainty”. With a newly developed questionnaire patients ́ expectations, perceptions and attitudes prior to and after a planned coronary angiography were collected and compared with quality of life measured with established instruments. The majority of patients had high expectations before the health care process and a positive attitude to treatment, life style changes and to be involved in the health care process. The expectations were, however, six months later fulfilled to a lower degree. Those who had their expectations fulfilled had higher quality of life and improvement in quality of life than those who did not have their expectations fulfilled. Conclusions: Increased use of stent implantations in association with PCI reduced the need for new revascularizations but had no effects on serious cardiac events, costs or sick leaves. To suffer from a restenosis is associated with a strong experience of uncertainty that affect different aspects of daily life. Fulfillments of expectations are associated with improvement in quality of life why questions regarding fulfillment of expectations may be used as meaningful patient reported outcome measures (PROMs).