Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Collateral Status on Infarct Distribution Following Endovascular Therapy in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: We aim to examine effects of collateral status and post-thrombectomy reperfusion on final infarct distribution and early functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients with large vessel occlusion who underwent endovascular intervention were included in this study. All patients had baseline computed tomography angiography and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Collateral status was graded according to the criteria proposed by Miteff et al and reperfusion was assessed using the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) system. We applied a multivariate voxel-wise general linear model to correlate the distribution of final infarction with collateral status and degree of reperfusion. Early favorable outcome was defined as a discharge modified Rankin Scale score ≤2. Results: Of the 283 patients included, 129 (46%) had good, 97 (34%) had moderate, and 57 (20%) had poor collateral status. Successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b/3) was achieved in 206 (73%) patients. Poor collateral status was associated with infarction of middle cerebral artery border zones, whereas worse reperfusion (mTICI scores 0–2a) was associated with infarction of middle cerebral artery territory deep white matter tracts and the posterior limb of the internal capsule. In multivariate regression models, both mTICI (P<0.001) and collateral status (P<0.001) were among independent predictors of final infarct volumes. However, mTICI (P<0.001), but not collateral status (P=0.058), predicted favorable outcome at discharge. Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with large vessel occlusion stroke, both the collateral status and endovascular reperfusion were strongly associated with middle cerebral artery territory final infarct volumes. Our findings suggesting that baseline collateral status predominantly affected middle cerebral artery border zones infarction, whereas higher mTICI preserved deep white matter and internal capsule from infarction; may explain why reperfusion success—but not collateral status—was among the independent predictors of favorable outcome at discharge. Infarction of the lentiform nuclei was observed regardless of collateral status or reperfusion success.
Social behavior and coloration changes in painted greenling, Oxylebius pictus (Pisces: Hexagrammidae)

iors. In Puget Sound, adult male 0. pictus were territorial and the adults of both sexes were intraspecifically aggressive throughout the year. Total levels of aggression were similar during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons on Washington reefs, where intersexual aggression was equivalent during the two periods. More male-male aggression occurred in the breeding season than during the nonbreeding period in Puget Sound, when males also attacked other males more frequently than they attacked females. Most female aggression occurred during the nonbreeding season and was directed at other females. Fundamental sexual dichromatism in 0. pictus is modified during courtship and during agonistic interactions between individuals of the same or opposite sex. Behavioral modification of sexual dichromatisms in 0. pictus and other hexagrammids is compared to the patterns of sexual color differences known for other teleosts. Sexual color patterns are discussed in relation to niche partitioning and agonistic and epigamic sexual selection.
Inhibitory Effects of Miharamycin A on the Multiplication of Plant Viruses and the Symptom Development

Miharamycin A, a new antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces miharaensis nov. sp. , has a control effect on rice blast disease. It was also found to have a highly inhibitory effect on plant viruses.This antibiotic inhibited TMV-local lesion formation on detached Nicotiana glutinosa leaves above 90 percent at 2. 5μg/ml, and on the intact leaves 85 percent at 5μg/ml, causing no chemical injury on leaves. It also inhibited CMV (Yellow strain)-local lesion formation on intact Nicotiana glutinosa and Chenopodium amaranticolor leaves 80-99 percent at 10μg/ml. Five μg/ml of Miharamycin A almost completely inhibited TMV multiplication in tobacco leaf discs floated for 2 days on its solution. When floated for 8 days, its inhibition value reached 70 percent even at 0. 25μg/ml.Moreover, when sprayed on inoculated tobacco plants 4 times, this antibiotic inhibited the rate of tobacco mosaic virus infection by more than 70 percent at 20μg/ml, and prolonged the incubation period more than 20 days compared with control plants. In the case of PVX-Nicotiana glutinosa plants, Miharamycin A inhibited the infection 50 percent at the same concentration. When applied to rice plant by dipping roots with 10μg/ml for 40 hours, or 5μg/ml for 80 hours, this antibiotic inhibited the rice stripe virus infection by 70-80 percent.Miharamycin A caused a chemical iniury on developed leaves at above 10μg/ml, but newly developed leaves were not injured, and the plants grew normally.
Systematic review of the acute and chronic effects of high-intensity interval training on executive function across the lifespan

ABSTRACT Research regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on executive function has grown exponentially in recent years. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the current state of literature. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize previous research regarding the acute and chronic effects of HIIT on executive function across the lifespan and highlight future research directions. The results indicated that acute bouts of HIIT has a positive effect on inhibition in children/adolescents and adults, and further that chronic HIIT benefits inhibition and working memory in children. More research employing chronic interventions, focusing on middle-aged and older adults, and examining the effects on the working memory and cognitive flexibility domains of executive function are needed. Future research should also focus on a) the use of stronger research designs, b) the effects of HIIT dosage/modality, c) consideration of individual differences, d) possible underlying mechanisms, and e) examining the feasibility of translating HIIT to real-word settings.
SYNERGISM IN HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY HETEROCYCLIC AMINES IN RATS

Effects of simultaneous administration of 5 or 10 heterocyclic amines at low dose levels on rat liver carcinogenesis were investigated using our medium-term bioassay protocol. Male F344 rats were initially given diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200mg/kg, i.p.) and beginning 2 weeks later received heterocyclic amines for 6 weeks. All animals were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at week 8. Five carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in each experiment 1 (Trp-P- 1, Glu-P-2, IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx) and experiment 2 (Trp-P-2, Glu-P- 1, McAαC, AαC, PhIP) were administered together or individually in the diet at levels of 1/1, 1/5, or 1/25 carcinogenic doses, and all 10 chemicals of 1/10 or 1/100 levels in experiment 3. Induction of immunohisto-chemically-demonstrated glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci, reliable preneoplastic lesions, was generally increased in the combination groups over the sum of individual effects. Thus an apparent synergism was observed based on the heteroadditive model, the most obvious effects being found in the group given all 10 chemicals at the 1/10 dose levels. However, the values in groups given chemical mixtures were generally close to means of 5 or 10 individual data in their corresponding higher dose groups, indicating that isoadditivity might occur in those groups. The theoretical basis underlying the concept of synergism is briefly reviewed and a simple method for analysis of isoadditivity is proposed.
Phase Angle Evaluation of Lung Disease Patients and Its Relationship with Nutritional and Functional Parameters

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the value of phase angle (PhA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its association with nutritional and functional parameters. Methods A cross-sectional study of 77 patients under follow-up at the pulmonary outpatient clinic of a public hospital. Anthropometric measurements and functional assessments of physical and pulmonary capacity were performed, and a regular physical activity questionnaire was administered. Results The sample consisted of 38 patients with COPD (mean age, 63.8 ± 9.9 years; 68.4% female) and 39 patients with PH (mean age, 46.6 ± 14.4 years; 79.5% female). There was no difference in anthropometric measurements between patients with COPD and PH. Patients with COPD had mild to moderate limitations of pulmonary function, while patients with PH had only mild limitations (p < 0.01). Although the median distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was different between the COPD and PH groups (p < 0.05), it was considered adequate for these populations. Mean PhA was within the range considered adequate in patients with COPD (6.3°±1°) and PH (6.2°±0.8°) (p > 0.05). In the statistical analyses, although the correlations were weak, adequate PhA correlated with fat free mass index, 6MWT, disease staging, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in the first second. Conclusion The anthropometric profile of both patient groups was very similar, and PhA values were within the expected range. Despite weak correlations, PhA is a clinical component to be followed and investigated in patients with lung disease.
Immediate effects of the implementation of nutritional warnings in Uruguay: awareness, self-reported use and increased understanding

Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of nutritional warnings during the first month after the date of full compliance by the food industry in Uruguay in terms of citizen awareness, self-reported use and ability to understand nutritional information. Design: The present work encompassed two online studies, conducted before (Study 1) and during the first month after the date of full compliance by the food industry (Study 2). An after-only design was used to assess awareness of the policy, exposure to nutritional warnings on food packages and self-reported use of warnings for making purchase decisions in Study 2. An after-only with control group experimental design was used to assess the effect of nutritional warnings on understanding of nutrition information in Studies 1 and 2. Setting: Uruguay, one of the Latin American countries, that has recently implemented nutritional warnings. Participants: A non-probabilistic sample of 1772 participants was recruited using Facebook advertisements targeted at Uruguayan adult users. Results: High awareness and self-reported use of nutritional warnings during the first month after the date of full compliance in Uruguay were observed. In addition, the before and after comparison showed that the implementation of warnings increased citizens’ ability to use nutritional information to compare products and to identify products with excessive content of sugar, fat, saturated fat and sodium. Conclusions: The current study confirms results from experimental studies and provides additional evidence to support the implementation of nutritional warnings as one of the public policies that can contribute to tackle obesity and non-communicable diseases.
Controlled local release of PPARγ agonists from biomaterials to treat peripheral nerve injury

Objective. Poor clinical outcomes following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are partly attributable to the limited rate of neuronal regeneration. Despite numerous potential drug candidates demonstrating positive effects on nerve regeneration rate in preclinical models, no drugs are routinely used to improve restoration of function in clinical practice. A key challenge associated with clinical adoption of drug treatments in nerve injured patients is the requirement for sustained administration of doses associated with undesirable systemic sideeffects. Local controlled-release drug delivery systems could potentially address this challenge, particularly through the use of biomaterials that can be implanted at the repair site during the microsurgical repair procedure. Approach. In order to test this concept, this study used various biomaterials to deliver ibuprofen sodium or sulindac sulfide locally in a controlled manner in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Following characterisation of release parameters in vitro, ethylene vinyl acetate tubes or polylactic-co-glycolic acid wraps, loaded with ibuprofen sodium or sulindac sulfide, were placed around directly-repaired nerve transection or nerve crush injuries in rats. Main results. Ibuprofen sodium, but not sulindac sulfide caused an increase in neurites in distal nerve segments and improvements in functional recovery in comparison to controls with no drug treatment. Significance. This study showed for the first time that local delivery of ibuprofen sodium using biomaterials improves neurite growth and functional recovery following PNI and provides the basis for future development of drug-loaded biomaterials suitable for clinical translation.
Order matters: How covert value updating during sequential option sampling shapes economic preference

Standard neuroeconomic decision theory assumes that choice is based on a value comparison process, independent from how information about alternative options is collected. Here, we investigate the opposite intuition that preferences are dynamically shaped as options are sampled, through iterative covert pairwise comparisons. Our model builds on two lines of research, one suggesting that a natural frame of comparison for the brain is between default and alternative options, the other suggesting that comparisons spread preferences between options. We therefore assumed that during sequential option sampling, people would 1) covertly compare every new alternative to the current best and 2) update their values such that the winning (losing) option receives a positive (negative) bonus. We confronted this “covert pairwise comparison” model to models derived from standard decision theory and from known memory effects. Our model provided the best account of human choice behavior in a novel task where participants (n = 92 in total) had to browse through a sequence of items (food, music or movie) of variable length and ultimately select their favorite option. Consistently, the order of option presentation, which was manipulated by design, had a significant influence on the eventual choice: the best option was more likely to be chosen when it came earlier in the sequence, because it won more covert comparisons (hence a greater total bonus). Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of how the option sampling process shapes economic preference, which should be integrated into decision theory.
Layered Silicate-Alginate Composite Particles for the pH-Mediated Release of Theophylline

Numerous natural and synthetic clay minerals have proven to be excellent drug carriers for high drug-loaded and sustained release formulations due to their considerable ion exchange, adsorption, and swelling capacities. Moreover, the synthetic smectite clays have added advantages in terms of compositional purity and controlled cation exchange capacity in comparison to natural clays. This study involves the intercalation of theophylline (TP) in a synthetic clay, Laponite® (LP), followed by the inclusion of the resulting intercalates into sodium alginate (SA) beads to achieve pH-controlled drug release. Maximum intercalated drug incorporation of 68 mg/g was obtained by ion exchange at pH 1.2 and confirmed by an increase in basal spacing of the clay from 12.9 to 15.5 Å. TP release from the binary LP-TP intercalates in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was found to be 40% and 70%, respectively. LP-TP particles were also incorporated in an SA matrix via polymer crosslinking using CaCl2(aq) to improve the pH selective release. The ternary polymer-clay-drug composite particles effectively prevented the release of TP at low pH in SGF and resulted in sustained release in SIF, with 40% dissolution within 120 min.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Anticancer Studies of Morpholinyldithiocarbamato Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes

Cu(II) and Zn(II) morpholinyldithiocarbamato complexes, formulated as [Cu(MphDTC)2] and [Zn(μ-MphDTC)2(MphDTC)2], where MphDTC is morpholinyldithiocarbamate were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure of the Cu(II) complex revealed a mononuclear compound in which the Cu(II) ion was bonded to two morpholinyl dithiocarbamate ligands to form a four-coordinate distorted square planar geometry. The molecular structure of the Zn(II) complex was revealed to be dinuclear, and each metal ion was bonded to two morpholinyl dithiocarbamate bidentate anions, one acting as chelating ligand, the other as a bridge between the two Zn(II) ions. The anticancer activity of the morpholinyldithiocarbamate ligand, Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were evaluated against renal (TK10), melanoma (UACC62) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells by a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Morpholinyldithiocarbamate was more active than the standard drug parthenolide against renal and breast cancer cell lines, and [Zn(μ-MphDTC)2(MphDTC)2] was the most active complex against breast cancer. The copper(II) complex had a comparable activity with the standard against renal and breast cancer cell lines but showed an enhanced potency against melanoma when compared to parthenolide.
Monocyte-derived macrophages promote breast cancer bone metastasis outgrowth

This study identifies a novel population of CD204+IL4R+ bone metastasis–associated macrophages (BoMAMs) in mouse models and patient samples. These BoMAMs, derived from CCR2-recruited monocytes but not from CD169+ resident macrophages, significantly promote metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer in vivo.
Evidence for local carbon‐cycle perturbations superimposed on the Toarcian carbon isotope excursion

A Jurassic negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE), co‐evolved with Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) at ~183 Ma, is suggested to be linked to a global carbon‐cycle perturbation and is well documented for Toarcian terrestrial fossil woods and marine sediments around the globe. A theoretically coupled δ13Ccarb‐δ13Corg pattern due to such dubbed global carbon‐cycle event from the negative CIE in Dotternhausen Toarcian stratigraphic profile (southwest Germany) is unexpectedly disturbed by two‐step δ13Ccarb‐δ13Corg decoupling in which the last step, upper in the stratigraphic order, is of higher magnitude. However, the trigger(s) for these sudden decoupling disturbances are still poorly constrained. Here, connecting new carbon and oxygen isotope data with documentary lipid biomarkers shows that the global carbon cycle during the Toarcian OAE was disturbed by enhanced green sulfur bacteria (GSB) metabolisms and early diagenesis at local scales. The first step δ13Ccarb‐δ13Corg decoupling was induced in the initial stage of the GSB bloom. The second step of much larger δ13Ccarb‐δ13Corg decoupling arising from a GSB prosperity was, however, exaggerated by early diagenesis through the respiration of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB). Paleo‐geographically distinct localities of the Tethys region show contrasting decoupled δ13Ccarb‐δ13Corg patterns, which implies that the second‐order carbon‐cycle perturbations have pervasively and independently impacted the global carbon event during the Toarcian OAE.
Dismantling the Fragility Index: A demonstration of statistical reasoning

The Fragility Index has been introduced as a complement to the P‐value to summarize the statistical strength of evidence for a trial's result. The Fragility Index (FI) is defined in trials with two equal treatment group sizes, with a dichotomous or time‐to‐event outcome, and is calculated as the minimum number of conversions from nonevent to event in the treatment group needed to shift the P‐value from Fisher's exact test over the . 05 threshold. As the index lacks a well‐defined probability motivation, its interpretation is challenging for consumers. We clarify what the FI may be capturing by separately considering two scenarios: (a) what the FI is capturing mathematically when the probability model is correct and (b) how well the FI captures violations of probability model assumptions. By calculating the posterior probability of a treatment effect, we show that when the probability model is correct, the FI inappropriately penalizes small trials for using fewer events than larger trials to achieve the same significance level. The analysis shows that for experiments conducted without bias, the FI promotes an incorrect intuition of probability, which has not been noted elsewhere and must be dispelled. We illustrate shortcomings of the FI's ability to quantify departures from model assumptions and contextualize the FI concept within current debate around the null hypothesis significance testing paradigm. Altogether, the FI creates more confusion than it resolves and does not promote statistical thinking. We recommend against its use. Instead, sensitivity analyses are recommended to quantify and communicate robustness of trial results.
Buoy Measurements of Wind–Wave Relations during Hurricane Matthew in 2016

Studies suggested that neutral-stability wind speed at 10mU10$ 9m s 21 and wave steepnessHs/Lp$ 0.020 can be taken as criteria for aerodynamically rough ocean surface and the onset of a wind sea, respectively; here,Hs is the significant wave height, and Lp is the peak wavelength. Based on these criteria, it is found that, for the growing wind seas when the wave steepness increases with time during Hurricane Matthew in 2016 before the arrival of its center, the dimensionless significant wave height and peak period is approximately linearly related, resulting in U10 5 35Hs/Tp; here, Tp is the dominant or peak wave period. This proposed wind–wave relation for aerodynamically rough flow over the wind seas is further verified under Hurricane Ivan and North Sea storm conditions. However, after the passage of Matthew’s center, when the wave steepness was nearly steady, a power-law relation between the dimensionless wave height and its period prevailed with its exponent equal to 1.86 and a very high correlation coefficient of 0.97.
Layering-MCMC for Structure Learning in Bayesian Networks

Bayesian inference of the Bayesian network structure requires averaging over all possible directed acyclic graphs, DAGs, each weighted by its posterior probability. For approximate averaging, the most popular method has been Markov chain Monte Carlo, MCMC. It was recently shown that collapsing the sampling space from DAGs to suitably defined ordered partitions of the nodes substantially expedites the chain’s convergence; this partition-MCMC is similar to order-MCMC on node orderings, but it avoids biasing the sampling distribution. Here, we further collapse the state space by merging some number of adjacent members of a partition into layers. This renders the computation of the (unnormalized) posterior probability of a state, called layering, more involved, for which task we give an efficient dynamic programming algorithm. Our empirical studies suggest that the resulting layering-MCMC is superior to partition-MCMC in terms of mixing time and estimation accuracy.