Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
eview eproductive experiential regulation of cognitive and emotional esilience

Adaptation virtually defines survival. For mammals, arguably, no other developmental milestone is exemplified by – nor more reliant on – the sudden and dramatic behavioral alterations observed in the maternal female, which rapidly must undergo change in order to express a large suite of proper and effective maternal behaviors. As pregnancy progresses, as well as during lactation, when pup cues are rich and rampant, the female is literally transformed from an organism that actively avoided offspring-related signals, to one highly motivated by those same cues to build nests, be attracted to pups and to retrieve, group, groom, crouch-over, care for, and protect, the young. Ancillary responses such as reference memory, spatial learning, foraging (including predation), and boldness improve in mothers compared to virgins. Such modifications arise early and are persistent, with neural benefits that last well into senescence. Evolutionarily, such enhancements have likely reduced the maternal burdens associated with sheltering and feeding the vulnerable young; collectively, this strengthens the mother’s/parent’s reproductive fitness and that of the pups in which all this effort is invested. Of the many behaviors that change as a function of pending or concurrent maternity, therefore, what is the role of modifications to resilience, the ability to withstand the numerous, unpredictable, and threatening environmental events that the mother/parent must daily, indeed, multiply daily, face and thwart in order to bring the offspring from pups to fully functioning adults. We explore these questions, and their connections, here in a multi-disciplinary manner focused on the constellation of change that summates to fundamentally alter the female for the rest of her life. Behavior, brain, neurochemistry and genes are fundamentally changed as the substrate for reproduction unfolds and expresses its inherent plasticity. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
HOW TO ACCOUNT FOR UNCERTAINTY DUE TO MEASUREMENT ERRORS IN AN UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATION

Two kinds of error are considered, namely Berkson and classical measurement error. The true values of the measurands will never be known. Possibly true sets of values are generated by the Monte Carlo simulation of the uncertainty analysis. This is straightforward for Berkson errors but requires the modeling of statistical dependence between measured values and errors in the classical case. A method is presented that enables this dependence modeling as part of the uncertainty analysis. Practical examples demonstrate the applicability of the method. Two “quick fixes” are also discussed together with their shortcomings. The uncertainty analysis of the application of a small computer model from the area of dose reconstruction illustrates, by example, the effect both kinds of error can have on model results like individual dose values and mean value and standard deviation of the population dose distribution.
Structure of the Conserved Core of the Yeast Dot1p, a Nucleosomal Histone H3 Lysine 79 Methyltransferase*

Methylation of Lys79 on histone H3 by Dot1p is important for gene silencing. The elongated structure of the conserved core of yeast Dot1p contains an N-terminal helical domain and a seven-stranded catalytic domain that harbors the binding site for the methyl-donor and an active site pocket sided with conserved hydrophobic residues. The S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine exhibits an extended conformation distinct from the folded conformation observed in structures of SET domain histone lysine methyltransferases. A catalytic asparagine (Asn479), located at the bottom of the active site pocket, suggests a mechanism similar to that employed for amino methylation in DNA and protein glutamine methylation. The acidic, concave cleft between the two domains contains two basic residue binding pockets that could accommodate the outwardly protruding basic side chains around Lys79 of histone H3 on the disk-like nucleosome surface. Biochemical studies suggest that recombinant Dot1 proteins are active on recombinant nucleosomes, free of any modifications.
Helix stabilization by Glu-...Lys+ salt bridges in short peptides of de novo design.

Four alanine-based peptides were designed, synthesized, and tested by circular dichroism for alpha-helix formation in H2O. Each peptide has three glutamic/lysine residue pairs, is 16 or 17 amino acids long, and has blocked alpha-NH2 and alpha-COOH groups. In one set of peptides ("i+4"), the glutamic and lysine residues are spaced 4 residues or 1 residue apart. In the other set ("i+3"), the spacing is 3 or 2 residues. Within each of these sets, a pair of peptides was made in which the positions of the glutamic and lysine residues are reversed [Glu, Lys (E,K) vs. Lys, Glu (K,E)] in order to assess the interaction of the charged side chains with the helix dipole. Since the amino acid compositions of these peptides differ at most by a single alanine residue, differences in helicity are caused chiefly by the spacing and positions of the charged residues. The basic aim of this study was to test for helix stabilization by (Glu-, Lys+) ion pairs or salt bridges (H-bonded ion pairs). The results are as follows. (i) All four peptides show significant helix formation, and the stability of the alpha-helix does not depend on peptide concentration in the range studied. The best helix-former is (i+4)E,K, which shows approximately 80% helicity in 0.01 M NaCl at pH 7 and 0 degree C. (ii) The two i+4 peptides show more helix formation than the i+3 peptides. pH titration gives no evidence for helix stabilization by i+3 ion pairs. (iii) Surprisingly, the i+4 peptides form more stable helices than the i+3 peptides at extremes of pH (pH 2 and pH 12) as well as at pH 7. These results may be explained by helix stabilization through Glu-. Lys+ salt bridges at pH 7 and singly charged H bonds at pH 2 (Glu0.Lys+) and pH 12 (Glu-.Lys0). The reason why these links stabilize the alpha-helix more effectively in the i+4 than in the i+3 peptides is not known. (iv) Reversal of the positions of glutamic and lysine residues usually affects helix stability in the manner expected for interaction of these charged groups with the helix dipole. (v) alpha-Helix formation in these alanine-based peptides is enthalpy-driven, as is helix formation by the C-peptide of ribonuclease A.
Online Inductance Identifications of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Adaline Neural Network

This paper presents an online adaline neural network (ANN) based identification method for estimating the dq-axis inductances of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM). This method only needs to sample the phase currents, bus voltage, rotor position angle and speed without any design parameters. In the proposed estimation, the rotor flux linkage and the stator winding resistance are firstly estimated offline, and then they are regarded as constants to estimate the dq-axis inductances online. The proposed method shows good stability when the load changes suddenly. The white noise is added to the load torque to validate the good robustness of the method. The results of online identification are acceptable even small error exists in the value of offline identification. Simulations using an IPMSM model illustrate the validity of the proposed online identification strategy.
Defining the life of major assets

The international trend is for power utilities having major capital equipment with service ages in excess of their assigned lifetimes. The key role for the asset manager in this situation is to be able to define the risks for future operation. This will then permit criticality based decisions for managing future operating and capital expenditure. The first step is to define relevant failure modes and from that the range of realistic life expectancies. This paper concentrates on the power transformer where key life determinants are indeed age related, but more dependent on the design and build quality together with operational utilisation rather than a simple ubiquitous ldquotime at temperaturerdquo ageing factor.
An Offline Outdoor Navigation System with Full Privacy

GPS navigation systems are a potential threat to user privacy in case of curious providers, espionage and many other aspects. Users tend to place blind trust into GPS applications without realizing the ease at which the GPS can be spoofed or their position compromised via either the hardware or software. Thus, when a high level of privacy assurance is required, the GPS should be completely switched off. This paper presents an efficient method, a smartphone-based alternative solution, for an outdoor offline navigation system, which works in the absence of GPS, wireless, and cellular signals. The proposed approach exploits the various digital and mathematical resources present to use DEM data and sensor data to minimize errors in the calculated position
Constructing Lyapunov functions for large-scale hierarchical networks of nonlinear differential equations

We present a graph theoretic framework for modeling complex hierarchical systems and a method of systematically constructing Lyapunov functions for these systems. The effectiveness of our method is illustrated by two applications: a new control protocol for the self-organization of swarms of mobile agents into a hierarchy of clusters, and a new result on the global stability of the endemic equilibrium for a multi-group, multi-stage epidemic model.
Study of proximity-coupling: Application to new RF-interconnects

The new concept of RF Interconnect presented in this paper is aimed at replacing conventional interconnections in digital circuits. The study was, thus, focused on the transmission channel composed of contactless transitions. After a brief recall of the theory, an RF interconnection was modeled through use of multiplexing digital CDMA and amplitude modulation and characterized by using a co-simulation tool. The signal forms observed along the transmission system and the frequency response of the RF channel are presented to highlight the capabilities of this RF interconnect.
Helicobacter pylori CagA transfection of gastric epithelial cells induces interleukin‐8

To determine the effect of Helicobacter pylori CagA expression on interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) induction in AGS cells, cagA and five of its fragments from strains 147A and 147C that vary in the 3′ repeat region were cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pSP65SRα. IL‐8, but not RANTES or IL‐Iβ, levels were increased in AGS cells transfected with 147A‐cagA and to a greater extent with 147C‐cagA, compared with negative controls. The 5′ b fragment from the two strains had similar effects, but the 3′ d and e fragments from 147C CagA had greater effects than those from 147A‐CagA. When the Western CagA‐specific sequence (WSS) of 147C‐cagA was replaced with East Asian CagA‐specific sequence (ESS) and cloned into pSP65SRα as an East/West chimera, there was no significant effect on IL‐8 production. Use of specific inhibitors indicates that Src kinase activation, and the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase and NF‐κB pathways are the major intermediates for CagA effects on IL‐8 induction, but the p38 MAP kinase pathway has little effect. These results indicate a direct CagA effect on IL‐8 induction by gastric epithelial cells, and indicate signal pathway loci that can be targeted for amelioration.
Client-Server Model Haroon

Clientserver is a system that performs both the functions of client and server so as to promote the sharing of information between them. It allows many users to have access to the same database at the same time, and the database will store much information. This paper will provide information about client-server model in terms of its introduction, architecture, recent development and issues.
Myosin-I molecular motors at a glance

ABSTRACT Myosin-I molecular motors are proposed to play various cellular roles related to membrane dynamics and trafficking. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review and illustrate the proposed cellular functions of metazoan myosin-I molecular motors by examining the structural, biochemical, mechanical and cell biological evidence for their proposed molecular roles. We highlight evidence for the roles of myosin-I isoforms in regulating membrane tension and actin architecture, powering plasma membrane and organelle deformation, participating in membrane trafficking, and functioning as a tension-sensitive dock or tether. Collectively, myosin-I motors have been implicated in increasingly complex cellular phenomena, yet how a single isoform accomplishes multiple types of molecular functions is still an active area of investigation. To fully understand the underlying physiology, it is now essential to piece together different approaches of biological investigation. This article will appeal to investigators who study immunology, metabolic diseases, endosomal trafficking, cell motility, cancer and kidney disease, and to those who are interested in how cellular membranes are coupled to the underlying actin cytoskeleton in a variety of different applications. Summary: Here, we review and illustrate the proposed cellular functions of metazoan myosin-I molecular motors by examining the structural, biochemical, mechanical and cell biological evidence for their proposed molecular roles.
EUROPEAN STROKE PREVENTION STUDY 2: DIPYRIDAMOLE AND ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IN THE SECONDARY PREVENTION OF STROKE

In 1988, an optimal antiplatelet regimen for secondary stroke prevention remained to be defined. We undertook a randomised, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), modified‐release dipyridamole, and the two agents in combination. Patients with prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were randomised to treatment with ASA alone (50 mg daily), modified‐release dipyridamole alone (400 mg daily), the two agents in a combined formulation, or placebo. Primary endpoints were stroke, death, and stroke or death. TIA and other vascular events were secondary endpoints. Patients were followed on treatment for two years. We concluded that dipyridamole, in a modified‐release form, at a dose of 200 mg b.d. and ASA 25 mg b.d. , have been shown to be equally effective in the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke and TIA; that when co‐prescribed, the protective effects are additive, the combination being significantly more effective than each agent prescribed singly; and that low‐dose ASA does not eliminate the propensity for induced bleeding.
TRANSITS OF TRANSPARENT PLANETS—ATMOSPHERIC LENSING EFFECTS

Light refracted by the planet's atmosphere is usually ignored in analysis of planetary transits. Here, we show that refraction can add shoulders to the transit light curve, i.e., an increase in the observed flux, mostly just before and after the transit. During transit, light may be refracted away from the observer. Therefore, even completely transparent planets will display a very similar signal to that of a standard transit, i.e., of an opaque planet. We provide analytical expression for the amount of additional light deflected toward the observer before the transit, and show that the effect may be as large as 10−4 of the stellar light and therefore measurable by current instruments. By observing this effect, we can directly measure the scale height of the planet's atmosphere. We also consider the attenuation of starlight in the planetary atmosphere due to Rayleigh scattering and discuss the conditions under which the atmospheric lensing effect is most prominent. We show that, for planets on orbital periods larger than about 70 days, the size of the transit is determined by refraction effects, and not by absorption within the planet.
Pathogenicity and Molecular Analysis of an Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolated from Malaysian Village Chickens

Abstract The characteristics of the pathogenic infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) that infected avian species other than commercial chickens were largely unknown. In this study, by using in vivo and molecular methods, we had characterized an IBDV isolate (named 94268) isolated from an infectious bursal disease (IBD) outbreak in Malaysian village chickens—the adulterated descendant of the Southeast Asian jungle fowl (Gallus bankiva) that were commonly reared in the backyard. The 94268 isolate was grouped as the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strain because it caused severe lesions and a high mortality rate in village chickens (>88%) and experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free chickens (>66%). In addition, it possessed all of the vvIBDV molecular markers in its VP2 gene. Phylogenetic analysis using distance, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods revealed that 94268 was monophyletic with other vvIBDV isolates and closely related to the Malaysian vvIBDV isolates. Given that the VP2 gene of 94268 isolate was almost identical and evolutionarily closely related to other field IBDV isolates that affected the commercial chickens, we therefore concluded that IBD infections had spread across the farm boundary. IBD infection in the village chicken may represent an important part of the IBD epidemiology because these birds could harbor the vvIBDV strain and should not be overlooked in the control and prevention of the disease.
Net ecosystem CO2 exchange measured by autochambers during the snow‐covered season at a temperate peatland

Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 was measured at a temperate peatland in southeastern New Hampshire. Classified as a mineral‐poor fen owing to deep, water‐logged peats that are influenced to a limited extent by groundwater, the ecosystem is dominated by plants such as sedges (Carex spp.) and evergreen shrubs. Ten automatic chambers measured fluxes every 3 h by sampling changes in headspace concentration of CO2 from November 2000 through March 2001. The fen was covered in snow for most of this period and CO2 was emitted from the snow pack throughout the winter. The largest fluxes were associated with ground temperatures of 0°C and with declining atmospheric pressure. CO2 effluxes up to 3 µmol m−2 s−1 were recorded when the ground temperature reached the thaw point. Fluxes were lower when the ground temperature rose above 0°C, however, suggesting that the large fluxes were associated with a build up and release of stored CO2 degassing as soon as the ground thawed, or by enhanced microbial activity associated with freeze–thaw dynamics. The large number of thaw events coupled with frequent short‐term releases of CO2 suggest that degassing occurred on a regular basis with changes in atmospheric pressure and/or microbial decomposition occurred beneath the snowpack. The extent of soil freezing prior to thaw was also an important factor, with colder soils yielding smaller CO2 emissions upon thaw. Although most of the observed CO2 flux was efflux from the ecosystem, occasional CO2 uptake by the ecosystem of up to 1 µmol m−2 s−1 was also observed, indicating small rates of photosynthesis even during winter. Photosynthesis occurred only when the ground temperature was >0°C. The implications for a warmer climate are unclear. If warmer winter temperatures yield less snow in the temperate region, then soils could freeze more deeply and result in lower CO2 emissions. However, if less snow results in a higher frequency of freeze–thaw events, then winter CO2 emissions could be larger with a warmer climate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The case for rhinoviruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

The family Picornaviridae includes six genera: rhinoviruses, enteroviruses including polioviruses, apthoviruses, cardioviruses, hepatoviruses, and parechoviruses. Rhinoviruses are probably the most common microbe affecting humans, responsible for many or most cases of the ‘common cold’ or upper respiratory infection (URI). We present evidence for the hypothesis that there may be an important link between rhinovirus infections and the induction of multiple sclerosis (MS). These arguments are presented as a basis for thought, discussion, and further research in this important field. At least five observations lend support to the possibility that rhinoviruses may be implicated in MS:
Design of Double Gate Vertical MOSFET using Silicon On Insulator (SOI) Technology

Application of symmetric double gate vertical metal oxide semiconductorfield effect transistors (MOSFETs) is hindered by the parasitic overlapcapacitance associated with their layout, which is considerably larger than fora lateral MOSFET on the same technology node. A simple processsimulation has been developed to reduce the parasitic overlap capacitance inthe double gate vertical MOSFETs by using SOI (Silicon on Insulator) inbottom planar surfaces side. The result shows that while channel lengthdecreases, the threshold voltage goes lower, the DIBL rises and subthresholdswing tends to decrease, for both structures. It is noted that the SOI DGVMOSFET structure generally have better performance in SCE controlcompared to bulk vertical MOSFET. The presence of buried oxide is believed to increase the performance of vertical MOSFET, essentially incontrolling the depletion in subthreshold voltage
Common genetic variants in pre‐microRNAs were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in Chinese women

Small, noncoding RNA molecules, called microRNAs (miRNAs), are thought to function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs may change their property through altering miRNA expression and/or maturation, and thus they may have an effect on thousands of target mRNAs, resulting in diverse functional consequences. However, it remains largely unknown whether miRNA SNPs may alter cancer susceptibility. We evaluated the associations of selected four SNPs (rs2910164, rs2292832, rs11614913, and rs3746444) in pre‐miRNAs (hsa‐mir‐146a, hsa‐mir‐149, hsa‐mir‐196a2, and hsa‐mir‐499) with breast cancer risk in a case‐control study of 1,009 breast cancer cases and 1,093 cancer‐free controls in a population of Chinese women and we found that hsa‐mir‐196a2 rs11614913:T>C and hsa‐mir‐499 rs3746444:A>G variant genotypes were associated with significantly increased risks of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.48 for rs11614913:T>C; and OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.51 for rs3746444:A>G in a dominant genetic model) in a dose‐effect manner (P for trend was 0.010 and 0.037, respectively). These findings suggest, for the first time, that common SNPs in miRNAs may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. Further functional characterization of miRNA SNPs and their influences on target mRNAs may provide underlying mechanisms for the observed associations and disease etiology. Hum Mutat 0, 1–6, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant gliomas in adults.

Approximately 5% of patients with malignant gliomas have a family history of gliomas. Some of these familial cases are associated with rare genetic syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2, the Li−Fraumeni syndrome (germ-line p53 mutations associated with an increased risk of several cancers), and Turcot’s syndrome (intestinal polyposis and brain tumors). 10 However, most familial cases have