Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large strain finite element analysis of a local second gradient model: application to localization

A large strain finite element formulation based on a local second gradient plasticity model is presented. The corresponding constitutive equations were developed as a direct extension of microstructured (SIAM J. Appl. Math. 1973; 25(3):556–575; Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 1964; 16:51–78) or micromorphic (In Mechanics of Generalized Continua, IUTAM Symposium, Kröner (ed.), Springer: Berlin, 1968; 18–35; J. Math. Mech. 1966; 15(6):909–924. ) continua in which a mathematical constraint between the micro kinematics description and the usual macrodeformation gradient field has been introduced. This constraint is enforced in a weak sense by the use of Lagrange multipliers in order to avoid difficulties with the C1 continuity, for the finite element method. Corresponding finite elements are then constructed involving the Lagrange multipliers field. A geometrically non‐linear 2‐D finite element code is developed within a framework of an incremental method. For every step, a full Newton–Raphson involving a numerical consistent tangent stiffness operator for the complete model (i.e., the second gradient terms as well as the classical ones) is done and some numerical tests allow to validate the method and to discuss the influence of the geometrical non‐linearity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chapter 2 of Flow in Collapsible Tubes and Past Other Highly Compliant Boundaries

This chapter gives an overview of the main physiological applications of collapsible tube flows and reviews the major theoretical and computational developments of the past twenty-five years, ranging from lumped-parameter models to three-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulations. We also discuss some of the significant questions that, despite substantial progress, still remain open. 16 M. HEIL AND O.E. JENSEN
Rol van besigheidsprosesherontwerp in die formulering van 'ninligtingstegnologiestrategie vir 'n onderneming

Role of business process re-engineering in the formulation of an information technology strategy for an organization. In this study it was concluded that business process re-engineering usually has a resulting impact on information technology, and therefore on the information technology strategy of an enterprise. Selected findings on the effect of business process re-engineering (BPR) on information technology strategies, made during the course of this study, include: information technology is an integral part of BPR; either information technology or BPR can be the driver of a re-engineering project; BPR hightens the status of information technology within an enterprise; BPR has an effect on the way information is utilized; information scientists, information technology specialists and business experts are essential for any re-engineering team; BPR affects the nature of the information technology strategy by linking it to the business strategy and BPR will necessitate the regular revision of the information technology strategy. Business process re-engineering will alter the way in which information technology strategies have been perceived and applied in enterprises. Besigheidsprosesherontwerp het 'n definitiewe impak op inligtingstegnologie en derhalwe op 'n inligtingstegnologiestrategie van 'n onderneming. Geselekteerde bevindinge wat tydens hierdie studie gemaak is, sluit die volgende in: inligtingstegnologie is 'n integrale deel van besigheidsprosesherontwerp; beide inligtingstegnologie en besigheidsprosesherontwerp kan die aandrywers wees van 'n besigheidsprosesherontwerpprojek; besigheidsprosesherontwerp verhoog die status van inligtingstegnologie in 'n onderneming; inligtingkundiges, inligtingstegnologiespesialiste sowel as besigheidspesialiste is noodsaaklik as lede van 'n besigheidsprosesherontwerpspan; besigheidsprosesherontwerp raak die aard van 'n inligtingstegnologiestrategie deurdat dit koppel aan die besigheidstrategie; besigheidsprosesherontwerp sal die gereelde aanpassing van 'n inligtingstegnologiestrategie noodsaaklik maak. Die eindresultaat is dus dat besigheidsprosesherontwerp die wyse waarop inligtingstegnologiestrategiee saamgestel en aangewend word, beinvloed.
Toward an Ecological Paradigm in Adventure Programming

Many forms of adventure therapy, in particular wilderness therapy, rely on challenges in the outdoors to achieve objectives of client change. While nature is drawn on as a medium for therapy and healing, some adventure therapists give nature little if any mention when it comes to explaining therapeutic success. The dominant paradigm in psychology and psychotherapy provides insights as to why the contributions of nature in the curative relationship are, at times, marginalized. To more fully understand why and how adventure therapy works, the role of nature as a force in human development needs to be considered. It is proposed that ecotherapy and nature-guided therapy are viable alternative theoretical frameworks for adventure therapy. Ecotherapy and nature-guided therapy provide a critical perspective on adventure and wilderness therapy in that they recognize a social, cultural, and environmental/ecological context to human well-being and behavior. Furthermore, they explicitly acknowledge the potential healing power of natural environments and natural features. Adventure therapy and wilderness therapy may be revisioned in light of ecotherapy and nature-guided healing.
The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Match Stability

We explore increases in the nominal minimum wage in a difference-in-differences setting to estimate match survival wage elasticity. The elasticity is negative and larger than one for matches directly affected by minimum wage increases, those with paying below the new minimum wage. The impact of the minimum wage is stronger for young workers and the manufacturing sector, groups with a large and increasing share of low-wage workers. Given the low-wage mobility in the Portuguese labor market and the large share of workers directly affected by the minimum wage increase (reaching almost 18%), these results call for a careful analysis of the set of policies that interfere with low-wage employment.
Whose identity politics? - Lessons for emerging critical disability geography in Hungary

Abstract. In response to the economic crisis in 2009, the Hungarian government reduced the level of support for the employment of impaired people. The withdrawal of this state support has not only resulted in a massive wave of dismissals, but has also transformed some peripheral settlements into spaces of resistance. The research presented in this paper was conducted to understand the nature of political actions organised in Bekes County (one of Hungary's disadvantaged regions) in order to support the social employment of impaired people. By analysing these political actions we have highlighted certain contradictions of applying the concept of identity politics in a post-socialist context, and the advantages of a combined, biosocial model. On the one hand, the outline of the political and economic situation helped us understand that the analysed social protests only resembled identity politics. In reality, they may even have contributed to the reproduction of ableism. On the other hand, by integrating individual experiences into the social model of disability we could also reveal that according to our impaired interviewees, it is not only their impairments and/or disabilities that render daily life difficult. Their firm call for changes in both economic and regional policy suggests that the deliberate and combined use of identity and class politics would be particularly important. Overall, our results suggest that it is essential for scholars in Hungary to engage more strongly in critical disability geography and to thus help the approach take root and develop further.
Quotients of group rings arising from two-dimensional representations

Suppose that p G—> AuttV is an absolutely irreducrble two-dimensional representa- tion of a group G over a field k Let W be a vector space over k, and σ G —> Autt W a representa- uon such that σ g is anmhilated by the charactenstic polynomial of p g, for each geG Then we prove that the k (G)-module W is isomorphic to a direct sum of copies of V This estabhshes the semisimplicity of some mod p Galois representations which occur naturally m the Jacobians of Shimura curves
Differential effect of nitrogen forms on physiological parameters and micronutrient concentration in maize ('Zea mays' L.)

Nitrogen is an essential macro nutrient for the plant growth. Plants can absorb nitrogen in cationic (NH4 + ) and anionic (NO3 - ) forms that can influence the physiological parameters, absorption of micronutrients and can cause the nutritional imbalance in plants. This study investigated the effects of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate on growth, physiological parameters and absorption of micronutrients by maize. Nitrogen forms significantly affected shoot and root dry weights, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and concentrations of zinc, manganese and copper in maize shoots and roots. Urea fed plants had maximum shoot dry weight (56.76 g pot -1 ) and root dry weight (5.50 g pot -1 ) while nitrate fed plants had minimum shoot (51.74 g pot -1 )and root dry weights (4.42 g pot -1 ). Ammonium fed plants had significantly (P < 0.05) higher stomatal conductance (0.21 mmol m -2 s -1 ), transpiration rate (5.58 mmol m -2 s -1 ) and photosynthetic rate (20.95 mg CO2 m -2 s -1 ) compared to the plants fed with other forms of nitrogen. Ammonium fed plants had significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations of zinc (53.79 mg kg -1 ), manganese (51.72 mg kg -1 ) and copper (7.19 mg kg -1 ) in shoots and similar trend was observed in roots. It was concluded that urea fed plants produced maximum shoot and root dry matter and ammonium fed plants contained maximum concentration of micronutrients in shoots and roots.
Mosquito knock-down and adulticidal activities of essential oils by vaporizer, impregnated filter paper and aerosol methods

Essential oils from 12 medicinal plants were evaluated by three different bioassay methods (Vaporizer, Filter paper and Aerosol) for Knock-down and adulticidal efficacy on the filarial vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Based on screening results the effective plants were selected for investigating Knockdown and adulticidal potential against adult female of the laboratory-reared mosquito species, Cx. quinquefasciatus. In vaporizer bioassay method four different doses (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10%) were used. Four different doses (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 10%) were used both filter paper (cm2) and aerosol (cm3) bioassay methods. Five essential oils (calamus, camphor, citronella, clove and eucalyptus) were identified as potential treatments in vaporizer bioassay. The result showed that the knock down time decreased with increased concentration in clove oil treatment; the Knock-down time (KT 50 = 46.1 ± 0.1, 38.5 ± 0.1, 30.7 ± 0.2, and 20.1 ± 0.1 minutes) was recorded at 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% /cm3 respectively. In filter paper method nine essential oils were identified as potential treatments. After 1 hr exposure period clove oil recorded the lowest median Knock-down time (KT50) which was calculated as 9.15 ± 0.1min/cm2. Followed by citronella (KT50 =11.4 ± 0.1 min) and eucalyptus (KT50 =11.4 ±0.1min) oils since they recorded lower median Knock-down time. All the twelve essential oils were identified as potential treatments in aerosol activity. The lethal time decreased when the concentration increased. At 5 % concentration the median lethal time (LT50) for clove oil was calculated as (LT50=3.80 ± 0.1minutes). The Cinnamon oil was effective which recorded (LT50 = 1.99 mins) as median lethal time. Camphor (LT50 =19.6± 0.1 min) oil were found to be less toxic by aerosol method. These results suggest that clove oil and cinnamon oil have the potential to be used as a eco-friendly approach for the control of the major important filaria vector Cx. quinquefasciatus under laboratory condition.
Millet and corn oil in sorghum-based diets for broilers

This study evaluated the effects of millet and corn oil additions to sorghum-based diets on the performance, carcass yields and prime cuts (i.e., wings, breasts, thighs and drumsticks) and the relative weights of edible offal (i.e., gizzard, heart, and liver) of broiler chickens. A total of 684 Hubbard Flex chickens, including 342 broilers of each sex, were housed. The design was completely randomized, and the following diets were supplied: A) sorghum and soybean meal + soybean oil (control); B) sorghum and soybean meal + corn oil; and C) sorghum and soybean meal + millet and soybean oil. Six replicates with 38 birds each (19 males and 19 females) were evaluated regarding each experimental diet. At 14, 21, 35 and 42 days of age, the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability of the chickens were evaluated. At 42 days, the live weight, carcass yield, prime cuts and relative weight of the edible offal were measured. The dietary inclusion of either millet or corn oil did not affect any of the parameters. In conclusion, additions of millet and corn oil to sorghum-based diets of broilers do not compromise poultry performance.
Remote Sensing of Aboveground Biomass in Tropical Secondary Forests: A Review

Tropical landscapes are, in general, a mosaic of pasture, agriculture, and forest undergoing various stages of succession. Forest succession is comprised of continuous structural changes over time and results in increases in aboveground biomass (AGB). New remote sensing methods, including sensors, image processing, statistical methods, and uncertainty evaluations, are constantly being developed to estimate biophysical forest changes. We review 318 peer-reviewed studies related to the use of remotely sensed AGB estimations in tropical forest succession studies and summarize their geographic distribution, sensors and methods used, and their most frequent ecological inferences. Remotely sensed AGB is broadly used in forest management studies, conservation status evaluations, carbon source and sink investigations, and for studies of the relationships between environmental conditions and forest structure. Uncertainties in AGB estimations were found to be heterogeneous with biases related to sensor type, processing methodology, ground truthing availability, and forest characteristics. Remotely sensed AGB of successional forests is more reliable for the study of spatial patterns of forest succession and over large time scales than that of individual stands. Remote sensing of temporal patterns in biomass requires further study, in particular, as it is critical for understanding forest regrowth at scales useful for regional or global analyses.
Patterns of premarital childbearing among unmarried female youths in sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from demographic health survey

Premarital childbearing (PC) among young women remains a problem in Africa. Victims are often stigmatized, neglected and their socio-economic advancement in life is compromised. There is dearth of information on patterns of PC among unmarried female youths (UFY) in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of the study are to explore the patterns and differentials in the levels of PC in sub-Saharan Africa. It also identifies the factors that might account for high cases of PC in the region. The study used DHS dataset for Nigeria, Senegal, Rwanda, Malawi, Congo DR and Namibia. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine association between the socioeconomic factors and PC among UFY (15 to 24 years). The prevalence of PC was found to be highest in Namibia (25.5%) and least in Nigeria (4.8%). PC was more prominent among women with no formal education in Namibia (54.4%), Rwanda (16.5%) and Congo DR (7.9%). In Malawi, 4.5 and 78.0% of UFY had their first birth at ages 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years respectively. Residing in urban areas in Nigeria (OR=0.37; CI=0.28 to 0.50) and Congo DR (OR=0.66; CI=0.45 to 0.98) reduces the risk of PC. The odd of PC reduces as the level of wealth quintile increases in Nigeria, Rwanda and Namibia. The identified determinants of PC included never use of contraceptive, Christianity, Islam and early sexual initiation. The study thus revealed premarital childbearing is still a problem in sub-Saharan Africa and the hardest hit country is Namibia and women with no formal education. Strategies aimed at reducing PC among UFY in this region should include improvement in female education.
COMPUTATION INTELLIGENCE BASED DAILY ALGORITHMIC STRATEGIES FOR TRADING IN THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET

Successful trading in financial markets is not possible without a support system that manages the preparation of the data, prediction system, and risk management and evaluates the trading efficien-cy. Selected orthogonal data was used to predict exchange rates by applying recurrent neural network (RNN) software based on the open source framework Keras and the graphical processing unit (GPU) NVIDIA GTX1070 to accelerate RNN learning. The newly developed software on the GPU predicted ten high-low distributions in approximately 90 minutes. This paper compares different daily algorith-mic trading strategies based on four methods of portfolio creation: split equally, optimisation, orthogonality, and maximal expectations. Each investigated portfolio has opportunities and limita-tions dependent on market state and behaviour of investors, and the efficiencies of the trading sup-port systems for investors in foreign exchange market were tested in a demo FOREX market in real time and compared with similar results obtained for risk-free rates.
Pressure to change and resistance against it: consumer perceptions and acceptance of nutritionally modified foods.

Mieltymykset ja tottumukset ohjaavat yksilollisia ruokavalintoja ja voivat helposti johtaa esimerkiksi rasvan tai ruokasuolan liialliseen kayttoon. Aistinvaraista tutkimusta tarvitaan mitattaessa koostumuksen vaikutusta elintarvikkeiden aistittavaan laatuun ja hyvaksyttavyyteen. Perinteisessa aistinvaraisessa tutkimuksessa maaritetaan tuotteen aistittavia ominaisuuksia koulutetun raadin avulla, hyvaksyttavyystutkimuksessa etsitaan tuotteen suosion tai kelpaamattomuuden syita tuotteen lisaksi kuluttajasta ja tilanteesta.Rasvan maaran ja laadun vaihtelu havaitaan elintarvikkeen rakenteessa. Rasvasisallon muutos vaikuttaa myos tuotteen aromiin ja makuun. Rasvan ja ruokasuolan korvaaminen muilla aineilla ei ole helppoa, mutta esim. maustamalla voi korjata suolan vahentamisesta johtuvaa miellyttavyyden vahenemista. Useimpien aineosien maaralla elintarvikkeessa on kullakin oma aistinvarainen optiminsa, jolloin tuotteen aistittava laatu vastaa kuluttajan aikaisempiin kokemuksiin pohjautuvia odotuksia. Yhden valmistusaineen pienehkot muutokset eivat kuitenkaan valttamatta vaikuta tuotteen hyvaksyttavyyteen. Tuotteen ravintosisallosta annettu tieto voi vaikuttaa suotuisasti etenkin uuden tuotteen vastaanottoon. Tiedon vaikuttavuus vaihtelee tuotteen ja yksilon mukaan, ja mm. kuluttajan terveystietoisuus edistaa tiedon vaikutusta.
Multigenerational Perspectives on Coping with the Holocaust Experience: An Attachment Perspective for Understanding the Developmental Sequelae of Trauma across Generations

In this paper, we advance a new approach to the intergenerational transmission of Holocaust experiences, by focusing on attachment theory. The approach is used as a framework for interpretation of the results of three studies on Holocaust survivors and their offspring, from different countries (The Netherlands, Canada, and Israel), and based on different conceptual approaches and methods of data collection (quantitative as well as qualitative). The literature is divided with regard to the extent and depth of long-term effects of the Holocaust. Attachment theory allows the integration of the phenomena of attachment, separation, and loss, which appear to be core concepts in the three studies presented here. The notion of insecure-ambivalent attachment sheds some light on the observed preoccupation with issues of attachment and separation in the second generation. Furthermore, the theme of “the conspiracy of silence” is discussed in the context of attachment disorganisation. Attachment theory transcends the traditional boundaries between clinical and nonclinical interpretations, in stressing the continuous and cumulative nature of favourable and unfavourable child-rearing circumstances. In this context, insecure attachment should be regarded as coping with suboptimal child-rearing environments.
The Star Formation Rate of Molecular Clouds

We review recent advances in the analytical and numerical modeling of the star formation rate in molecular clouds and discuss the available observational constraints. We focus on molecular clouds as the fundamental star formation sites, rather than on the larger-scale processes that form the clouds and set their properties. Molecular clouds are shaped into a complex filamentary structure by supersonic turbulence, with only a small fraction of the cloud mass channeled into collapsing protostars over a free-fall time of the system. In recent years, the physics of supersonic turbulence has been widely explored with computer simulations, leading to statistical models of this fragmentation process, and to the prediction of the star formation rate as a function of fundamental physical parameters of molecular clouds, such as the virial parameter, the rms Mach number, the compressive fraction of the turbulence driver, and the ratio of gas to magnetic pressure. Infrared space telescopes, as well as ground-based observatories have provided unprecedented probes of the filamentary structure of molecular clouds and the location of forming stars within them.
Political Connections and Trade Expansion : Evidence from Chinese Private Firms 1

This paper, by using a survey of Chinese private firms in 2004, empirically studies the impacts of political connections (measured as the deputy to the Chinese People’s Congress) on trade expansion. It is found that political connections lead to an increase of trade expansion. Meanwhile, the expansion into other administrative areas requires a high hierarchical level of political connections, i.e., at the corresponding administrative level or above. Furthermore, it is found that political connections affect trade expansion by overcoming insecure property rights institutions and ineffi cient contracting institutions.