Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect Of Air-Fuel Ratio on Temperature Distribution and Pollutants For Biogas Mild Combustion

This paper examines the effect of air-fuel ratio for Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion using a bluff-body burner. Exhaust gas recirculation was used to dilute the oxidizer stream prior to the combustion chamber. A low-calorie biogas fuel which consists of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide were used in the simulations using a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model with the realizable k-epsilon turbulence model. The chamber temperature distribution was found to be in small ranges and almost homogeneously distributed, verifying that MILD conditions were attained. The performance was evaluated based on the level of pollutants (Unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and carbon-mono oxide (CO)) produced and measured in the exhaust gas. Slightly lean conditions produced negligible pollutants with some excess oxygen measured in the exhaust gas. Under rich conditions, UHC and CO were produced, but when synthetic air containing oxygen with a mole fraction of 7% was used as the oxidizer instead of ordinary air, these levels were significantly reduced.
Three-dimensional modeling of radiative disks in binaries

Context. Circumstellar disks in binaries are perturbed by the companion gravity causing significant alterations of the disk morphology. Spiral waves due to the companion tidal force also develop in the vertical direction and affect the disk temperature profile. These effects may significantly influence the process of planet formation. Aims. We perform 3D numerical simulations of disks in binaries with different initial dynamical configurations and physical parameters. Our goal is to investigate their evolution and their propensity to grow planets. Methods. We use an improved version of the SPH code VINE modified to better account for momentum and energy conservation via variable smoothing and softening length. The energy equation includes a flux-limited radiative transfer algorithm. The disk cooling is obtained with the use of “boundary particles” populating the outer surfaces of the disk and radiating to infinity. We model a system made of star/disk + star/disk where the secondary star (and relative disk) is less massive than the primary. Results. The numerical simulations performed for different values of binary separation and disk density show that trailing spiral shock waves develop when the stars approach their pericenter. Strong hydraulic jumps occur at the shock front, in particular for small separation binaries, creating breaking waves, and a consistent mass stream between the two disks. Both shock waves and mass transfer cause significant heating of the disk. At apocenter these perturbations are reduced and the disks are cooled down and less eccentric. Conclusions. The disk morphology is substantially affected by the companion perturbations, in particular in the vertical direction. The hydraulic jumps may slow down or even halt the dust coagulation process. The disk is significantly heated up by spiral waves and mass transfer, and the high gas temperature may prevent the ice condensation by moving the “snow line” outward. The disordered motion triggered by the spiral waves may, on the other hand, favor direct formation of large planetesimals from pebbles. The strength of the hydraulic jumps, disk heating, and mass exchange depends on the binary separation, and for larger semi-major axes, the tidal spiral pattern is substantially reduced. The environment then appears less hostile to planet formation.
FPGA Contribution in Photovoltaic Pumping Systems: Models of MPPT and DTC-SVM Algorithms

This paper aims to propose and develop a research platform which can be utilized for rapid prototyping of control algorithms of power converters used in the field of renewable energy, such as the photovoltaic systems. This study investigates the use of the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to control the DC/DC power converter and the voltage inverters used in solar photovoltaic pumping systems. The power circuit of the pumping system consists of a PV system, a DC/DC converter, a two-level voltage inverter and an induction motor. The control system is based on an MPPT control algorithm and a Direct Torque Control with a Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) based on proportional-integral controllers. In order to perform the hardware in the loop, the power circuit is realized using the Simulink blocks and the control system is designed using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) tool. The VHDL code and the bit stream file of the suggested control algorithms have been automatically generated using the XSG tool. The hardware co-simulation step is carried out in the laboratory utilizing an FPGA Virtex 5 ML 507 and the Matlab/Simulink environment. A comparative study between the classical DTC and the DTC-SVM is presented. The FPGA-performance in terms of computation power is demonstrated.
Effects of dietary supplementation of a Meju, fermented soybean meal, and Aspergillus oryzae for juvenile parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus).

In this study, dietary supplementations of Korean Meju, fermented soybean meal (F-SBM) by Aspergillus oryzae, and A. oryzae itself were evaluated on growth performance, feed utilization, immune responses and phosphorus availability in juvenile parrot fish, a marine aquaculture fish species. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 8% soybean meal (control diet), 4% Meju (50% soybean meal was replaced by Meju), 4% F-SBM (50% soybean meal was replaced by F-SBM), or 0.08% A. oryzae itself. One of the four experimental diets was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant differences were found in growth performances and feed utilization. Red blood cell counts in the fish fed the A. oryzae diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet. The antioxidant activity in Meju diet was significantly higher than that of the control and A. oryzae diets. Fish fed Meju and F-SBM diets showed numerically higher antioxidant activity of serum compared to that of fish fed the control diet, even though it was not significant. Liver superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed the test diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet. The apparent digestibility coefficients of protein of fish fed all the diets were not significantly different. Phosphorus absorption was numerically increased in fish fed F-SBM and A. oryzae diets compared to that of fish fed the control diet. This study indicates that the fermentation process of soybean meal does not impair growth performance and feed utilization in parrot fish. The fermentation process could enhance the availability of phosphorus in soybean meal and non-specific immune responses of parrot fish.
Oxidation of the Guanine Nucleotide Pool Underlies Cell Death by Bactericidal Antibiotics

A Specific Oxidative Catastrophe Three different classes of antibiotics induce bacterial cell death by the production of hydroxyl radicals. Hydroxyl radicals are powerful oxidizing agents in living cells and will oxidize the nucleic acid base, guanine, to form 8-oxoguanine, which is potentially mutagenic because it can pair with both cytosine and adenine and form lethal double-strand DNA breaks. Foti et al. (p. 315) discovered that overproduction of the nucleotide sanitizer MutT, which hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP, gives striking protection against cell death. Several antibiotics kill bacteria by causing oxidative damage to guanine nucleotides, which then damage nucleic acids. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms that underlie antibiotic killing is important for the derivation of new classes of antibiotics and clinically useful adjuvants for current antimicrobial therapies. Our efforts to understand why DinB (DNA polymerase IV) overproduction is cytotoxic to Escherichia coli led to the unexpected insight that oxidation of guanine to 8-oxo-guanine in the nucleotide pool underlies much of the cell death caused by both DinB overproduction and bactericidal antibiotics. We propose a model in which the cytotoxicity of beta-lactams and quinolones predominantly results from lethal double-strand DNA breaks caused by incomplete repair of closely spaced 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine lesions, whereas the cytotoxicity of aminoglycosides might additionally result from mistranslation due to the incorporation of 8-oxo-guanine into newly synthesized RNAs.
The Credible Shrinking Room: Very Young Children's Performance With Symbolic and Nonsymbolic Relations

Becoming a proficient symbol user is a universal developmental task in the first years of life, but detecting and mentally representing symbolic relations can be quite challenging for young children To test the extent to which symbolic reasoning per se is problematic, we compared the performance of 2 1/2-year-olds in symbolic and nonsymbolic versions of a search task. The children had to use their knowledge of the location of a toy hidden in a room to draw an inference about where to find a miniature toy in a scale model of the room (and vice versa) Children in the nonsymbolic condition believed a shrinking machine had caused the room to become the model They were much more successful than children in the symbolic condition, for whom the model served as a symbol of the room The results provide strong support for the role of dual representation in symbol understanding and use.
Metal Hypersensitivity in Total Joint Arthroplasty

Metal hypersensitivity has been reported in various case reports and cohort studies. Type-IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity to various implant metals, most frequently nickel, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metal hypersensitivity.Currently, there are no guidelines for addressing suspected or known metal allergy preoperatively and there is no evidence-based support for either preoperative testing or routine use of hypoallergenic implants.Multiple diagnostic modalities are available for the workup of suspected metal hypersensitivity; the 2 most common are patch testing and lymphocyte transformation testing. However, the ability of these tests to diagnose disease and predict outcomes has not yet been demonstrated.Further research is warranted to help understand the prevalence, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and potential avoidance of metal hypersensitivity.
Modeling and Validation of a Data Process Unit Control for Space Applications

Data process unit (DPU) is a typical embedded system. It is widely used in space applications to collect data from sensors, process data and send the data to its upper master computer. In this paper, we use the BIP framework to model and validate a DPU system of a real space application. We first build the system model including the control software, hardware and the environment. Validation is by extensive simulation of a monitored system obtained as the composition of the DPU model with monitors. A monitor checks a requirement by continuously sensing the state of the model and reaching an error state if the requirement is violated. We checked fault-tolerance for di erent fault models and detected several errors that under some conditions, could correspond to real implementation errors.
The chick caudo-lateral epiblast acts as a permissive niche for generating neuromesodermal progenitor behaviours

Neuromesodermal progenitors (NMps) are a population of bipotent progenitors that maintain competence to generate both spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm throughout the elongation of the posterior body axis. Recent studies have generated populations of NMp-like cells in culture and have been shown to differentiate to both neural and mesodermal cell fates when transplanted into either mouse or chick embryos. Here, we aim to compare the potential of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived progenitor populations to generate NMp behavior against both undifferentiated and differentiated populations. We define NMp behaviour as the ability of cells to i) contribute to a significant proportion of the anterior-posterior body axis, ii) enter into both posterior neural and somitic compartments and, iii) retain a proportion of the progenitor population within the posterior growth zone. We compare previously identified ES cell-derived NMp-like populations to undifferentiated mouse ES cells and find that they all display similar potentials to generate NMp behaviour in vivo. To assess whether this competence is lost upon further differentiation, we generated anterior and posterior embryonic cell types through the generation of 3D gastruloids and show that NMp competence is lost within the anterior (Brachyury negative) portion of the gastruloid. Taken together, this demonstrates that the chick caudo-lateral epiblast is a highly permissive environment for testing NMp competence and is therefore not suitable as a positive test of neuromesodermal progenitor identity (ie. specification). However, it does act as an appropriate system to test for the loss of NMp potential, and therefore offers insight as a functional test for the regulation of NMp competence in vivo.
Effect of high pH on the growth and survival of marine phytoplankton: implications for species succession

Ten years of pH measurements (1990 to 1999) in the surface waters of the eutrophic Mariager Fjord, Denmark, revealed profound seasonal variation. Typically, pH was relatively constant around 8 from January to March, increased during spring, reached maximum levels in July to August (9 to 9.7), and declined during autumn to about 8 in Octo- ber. The influence of pH on the growth rate of phytoplankton was tested on 3 species (Cer- atium lineatum, Heterocapsa triquetra and Prorocentrum minimum) in laboratory experi- ments. The growth rate was highest at pH 7.5 to 8.0 in all species. The growth rate of C. lineatum declined by ~20% at pH 8.3 to 8.5, while a similar reduction in the growth rate in H. triquetra and P. minimum was observed at pH 8.8 to 8.9. C. lineatum stopped growing above pH 8.8, while growth ceased at about pH 9.45 in H. triquetra and 9.6 in P. minimum. Compilation of literature data on pH and phytoplankton growth suggested that while some species cannot grow at pH 8.4, others are able to grow up to pH 10. However, none of the species studied can attain their maximum growth rate above pH 9. Competition experi- ments using a mixture of C. lineatum, H. triquetra and P. minimum always resulted in the species with the highest pH tolerance (P. minimum) outcompeting the other species, irre- spective of the initial pH value. The role of high pH in the succession of marine phyto- plankton in nature is discussed.
Physiological Studies on Ratoonability of Sugarcane Varieties under Tropical Indian Condition

The ratoon crop occupies approximately 40% of the total area of sugarcane crop in tropical India. The main reason for the lower average cane productivity is the yield decline in ratoon crops (40 - 50 t/ha) despite the release of the high yielding varieties and advanced cane production technology. The physiological factors associated with ratooning performance and the variation in growth and yield were studied in 11 sugarcane varieties in two cycles of one plant and two ratoon crops each. The first ratoon and second ratoon crop showed 17.0% and 28.1% reduction in tiller production and 15.5% and 15.7% reduction in NMC, respectively, over plant crop. The differences in growth parameters between the plant and ratoon crops at the formative phase were lesser than that of grand growth and maturity phases. Varieties Co 86032, Co 97008, Co 95020 Co 99004 and Co 2000-10 showed better physiological efficiency in terms of plant height, shoot population, leaf size, TDMP, partitioning efficiency, chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity and significantly higher yield components such as NMC, SCW, cane length, internodal length as well as cane yield compared to other varieties. The higher reduction in ratoon yield in Co 99008, Co 94012, Co 8021 and Co 97009 (>35.00% reduction) was due to higher reduction in tiller production associated with stunted plant growth and root system, reducetion in individual leaf size and LAI, TDMP, total chlorophyll content, NMC, internodal length and SCW. The results obtained indicated that the plant height, TDMP, stem partitioning, leaf size, total chlorophyll content, SCW, cane length and cane girth were highly associated with yield of first and second ratoon crops than that of plant crop. Therefore the difference in the association between physiological parameters with yield of plant and ratoon crops therefore decides the ratooning potential of the crop.
Characterizing Milk Supply and Marketing Chains and Losses in Wolmera and Ejere Districts of Ethiopia

This study was made with the purposes of characterizing milk supply and marketing chains, post-production losses of milk, and evaluating the potential of supply chain management approach to reduce milk losses in Ethiopia. Primary data were collected by semi-structured survey questionnaire and interview of key informants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel sheets. Mapping, characterizations, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Both quantitative and qualitative-narrative methods were used in analysis. The finding revealed that farmers, cooperatives/unions, traders, and catering institutions were the major chain actors in milk chain in the study area. With 73% of milk sold by farmers passing through cooperatives/unions to the next chain actors, cooperatives/unions were the focal firms in this supply chain. Production was characterized by smallholders with few numbers of cows and low productivity of milk per cow per day. Cow breed and lack of access to credit were identified as critical resource and the most constraint that hinder production improvement. Marketing relationships among the chain actors were characterized as lacking long-term market orientation and were mostly on the spot and transaction based. The assessment on the enabling environment indicated further need of support from governmental and non-governmental stakeholders to build the capacity of chain actors, particularly the farmers. The study indicated existence of significant amount of milk losses in the milk chain. With 39% of the total losses happening at cooperatives/ union stage, cooperatives/unions were identified as loss hotspot point in the chain. Poor milk handling practice at the collection points, lack of immediate acceptors, milk carrying tools used, means of transport used, and ineffective communication with other partner in the chain were identified in order of severity as important problems causing milk losses in the study area. Based on the study results and review of others’ work in similar contexts, this study argued for SCM to be part of solution in improving this dairy chain. The study showed cases where effectively implemented SCM approach converted dairy chains from chains characterized by dismantled, high conflicts of interests among the chain actors, and high losses of food in the chain to chains with mutual interest trying to maximize the profit to the whole chain actors. Integrated and collective actions by all chain actors aiming at reducing costs, improving quality, and minimizing food losses in the chain were central to these efforts. Therefore, SCM approach needs to be part of the solution in increasing profitability and reducing milk losses in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. However, the needs for detailed further study, some of which are recommended by this study, are worthwhile.
Generating monotone quantities for the heat equation

Abstract The purpose of this article is to expose and further develop a simple yet surprisingly far-reaching framework for generating monotone quantities for positive solutions to linear heat equations in euclidean space. This framework is intimately connected to the existence of a rich variety of algebraic closure properties of families of sub/super-solutions, and more generally solutions of systems of differential inequalities capturing log-convexity properties such as the Li–Yau gradient estimate. Various applications are discussed, including connections with the general Brascamp–Lieb inequality and the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup.
Variation in bleaching sensitivity of two coral species across a latitudinal gradient on the Great Barrier Reef: the role of zooxanthellae

The ability of corals to cope with environmental change, such as increased temperature, relies on the physiological mechanisms of acclimatisation and long-term genetic adaptation. We experimentally examined the bleaching sensitivity exhibited by 2 species of coral, Pocillopora damicornis and Turbinaria reniformis, at 3 locations across a latitudinal gradient of almost 6 degrees on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Target bleaching temperature was reached by using a ramping rate of 0.2°C/h. We found that the bleaching sensitivity and recovery of both species differed between corals with clade D symbionts and those with clade C. However, in P. damicornis bleaching susceptibility corresponded more strongly with latitude than with zooxanthella type and hence, temperature history, suggesting that local adaptation has occurred. The observed bleaching sensitivity was shown by a decrease in photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ) in both species of coral. The rate of recovery in T. reniformis was highest in explants containing clade D symbionts. The occurrence of clade D in the northern section of the GBR may reflect a long-term response to high sea water temperatures, while the presence of clade D in low abundance in T. reniformis at Heralds Prong Reef and Percy Island may be a result of recent bleaching events.
MISSING MISCOMMUNICATIONS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY DESIGN PRACTICE

Interdisciplinarity is a key ingredient in amplifying the breadth of design explorations and the ability to merge different perspectives is essential for the future of design innovation. Several studies on collaborative work emphasize and support this point of view, however creative collaboration can trigger conflicts mainly due to interpretative differences between individuals with diverse disciplinary backgrounds. A common conception in design and interdisciplinary practice assumes that communications should be clear and effort should be made to reduce ambiguity in order to enhance creativity and efficiency. However, a number of case studies from interdisciplinary collaborations have indicated that the reverse may be true, that in fact miscommunications are a key ingredient of creativity and serendipitous exploitation of different meanings can engender new innovative solutions. Issues that arise in the course of interdisciplinary work can become a bridge or a barrier depending on team context and the ability to identify and investigate the nature of these issues can broaden the opportunity for translation. ‘I’ll take 9’ is a masters teaching module that was selected for analysis to test the identification of miscommunications and the maximising of creative potentials. The findings shed light on interdisciplinarity and question the assumption that clarity and the avoidance of ambiguity in communication is a desired practice. Missing miscommunications emerges as a powerful insight into design creativity across disciplines and signifies the opportunity of using diverse interdisciplinary teams to creatively explore cultural, material, disciplinary and cognitive differences to exploit the chaos in design systems.