Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the effectiveness of fascia iliaca block with standard analgesia in neck of femur fractures in a district general hospital emergency department—a prospective study with review of literature

Background: The incidence of hip fractures is increasing as the population ages with current estimates of 101,000 per year by the year 2020 in the United Kingdom. Pain has both a physiological and a psychological component to it. Early and effective analgesia has been proven to benefit patients and possibly lead to earlier return to baseline function. Through the years fascia iliaca blocks (FIBs) have been used as an adjunct management for analgesic relief in neck of femur fractures Methods: We carried out a preliminary study to assess the use of stickers to document various measures of pain management. There was patchy uptake of the aforementioned stickers, we subsequently reverted back to the use of our pre-existing hip fracture proforma for documentation of pain scores. There were two main parameters measured in our study in our Emergency Department in our District General Hospital. The first parameter was the time to reassessment from initial assessment. The second parameter was assessing the effectiveness of FIBs and the associated pain scores. In total we had 42 patients included in our study over a 6-month period with 25 patients undergoing FIBs. Results: The average time to reassessment was noted to be 72 min. In patients that underwent FIBs there was a 41.8% improvement in pain scores. From the study we noted that 9 patients refused to have the FIB (21.4%). From the 25 patients that underwent FIB, it was noted that 11 patients had no improvement of their pain scores from the pain score at reassessment (44%). However, it is worth noting the longer acting nature of the FIB provides patients with pain relief for longer periods especially if there is a delay to theatre. Conclusions: FIBs provide an effective adjunct to analgesia. We identified various measures that could be implemented for better analgesic control in patients with neck of femur fractures. We hope to undertake studies with larger number of patients to better assess the effectiveness of FIBs.
Ultrasound and motion capture analysis for pre-operative planning in lower limb joint replacement surgeries

Pre-operative planning in total knee and hip arthroplasty is important for surgical outcome and patient satisfaction. Current clinical gold standards for pre-operative planning include imaging methods which are invasive to the patient and limited to one position of analysis. Lower limb and pelvic alignment are assessed in planning for total knee and hip arthroplasty respectively and have shown to vary in their measurements between standing and supine. B-mode ultrasound has shown to be a promising method for gaining superficial structures like muscles and bones. B-mode ultrasound can be performed rapidly and is relatively cheap and measurements can be conducted with the patient in various positions. The aim of this thesis is to establish non-invasive protocols for pre-operative planning in knee and hip surgeries. Several approaches were developed to non-invasively measure lower limb and pelvic alignment. These consisted of using integrated motion capture and ultrasound system (OrthoPilot, Aesculap). A smart system (Aesculap) which consisted of a smart phone, smart tablet and ultrasound device was used to measure pelvic tilt from the anterior pelvic plane. A motion capture system on its own was used to measure the pelvic tilt in alternative manners. And finally, a synchronised ultrasound and motion capture setup was used for three-dimensional reconstructions of bone geometries. Supine and standing measurements were conducted which showed the flexibility of the measurements unlike common alternatives (X-Ray, MRI, CT). Several operators performed precise measurements of key lower limb parameters. For example, varus-valgus was shown to be measured within 1 degree across operators. Femur and tibia segment lengths were also consistent (<5mm maximum variation between operators). Femur and tibia torsion measurements were less reliable (up to 10-15 degrees of variation between operators). Pelvic tilt measurements were also found to be unreliable regardless of the measurement technique. Initial promise and feasibility of three-dimensional reconstructions of all lower limb joint axis for implementation into musculoskeletal models was also shown. Joint contact forces differences between the implementation of MRI and ultrasound parameters into the models were less than 1 body weight. Overall, ultrasound has shown to be useful in the assessment of lower limb parameters and bone geometries. This work has built upon previous findings to continue its development in the field of pre-operative planning and musculoskeletal modelling. Further work will include a large validation of subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling from ultrasound reconstructions. Improvements to the lower limb assessment with OrthoPilot will also be investigated.
Analysis and Risk Assessment of Seaweed

Abstract During the last decade, the interest on the use of seaweed as food or feed, which was before limited to certain European regional subpopulations, has experienced a significant increase in other regions of the EU. In fact, the growing awareness and interest on sustainable and alternative food sources, healthier lifestyles and changes on dietary patterns brought seaweed to the spotlight for the general worldwide cuisine. Due to their high biosorption and accumulation capacity, seaweed can be an important source of increased exposure to persistent and potential harmful elements, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and inorganic arsenic (iAs), or even some micronutrients, particularly iodine (I), to which an antioxidant role as been described in seaweed. This concentration potential has raised the interest of several Food Authorities regarding the risk of increased exposure to these elements. Moreover, the European Commission requested the collection of monitoring data on their levels aiming to aid the performance of better risk assessments and potentially set maximum levels on the European Legislation. This work aimed to obtain levels of these elements in species of seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus, Fucus spiralis, Fucus evanescens, Saccharina latissima, ulva lactuca and Ccladophora sp.) cultivated and harvested in Denmark, following European Commission's request. Additionally, a collaboration between Denmark, Ireland, France and the Netherlands was initiated to review and collect all the data available on scientific papers regarding the levels of these contaminants in seaweed worldwide. The final result of this work would be the publication of a review article. This Fellowship also provided on‐the‐job training on the evaluation of applications of new biocides and participation in the science based advises given to the Danish Food and Veterinary Administration, Danish EPA, the Danish Medical Agency and ECHA.
Cartilage-gut-microbiome axis: a new paradigm for novel therapeutic opportunities in osteoarthritis

DNA of gut microbiota can be found in synovium of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. This finding could result from the translocation of still alive bacteria from gut to joints through blood, since the diversified dormant microbiota of healthy human blood can be transiently resuscitated in vitro. The recent finding of gut microbiome in human cartilage, which differed between osteoarthritis and controls, suggests that a similar trafficking of dead or alive bacteria from gut microbiota physiologically occurs between gut and epiphysial bone marrow. Subchondral microbiota could enhance cartilage healing and transform components of deep cartilage matrix in metabolites with immunosuppressive properties. The differences of microbiome observed between hip and knee cartilage, either in osteoarthritis or controls, might be the counterpart of subtle differences in chondrocyte metabolism, themselves in line with differences in DNA methylation according to joints. Although bacteria theoretically cannot reach chondrocytes from the surface of intact cartilage, some bacteria enter the vascular channels of the epiphysial growth cartilage in young animals, whereas others can infect chondrocytes in vitro. In osteoarthritis, the early osteochondral plate angiogenesis may further enhance the ability of microbiota to locate close to the deeper layers of cartilage, and this might lead to focal dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation, cartilage degradation, epigenetic changes in chondrocytes and worsening of osteoarthritis. More studies on cartilage across different ethnic groups, weights, and according to age, are needed, to confirm the silent presence of gut microbiota close to human cartilage and better understand its physiologic and pathogenic significance.
Predictors of Acute Theophylline Toxicity Outcomes

This study was conducted to identify predictors that might be useful for determination of prognosis for cases of acute theophylline toxicity. Thirty cases with acute theophylline toxicity were recruited and gave consent to participate in this study. Patients were subjected to full history taking, and their vital and clinical data were recorded. Serum theophylline levels and routine laboratory investigations were measured. The studied outcomes of the patients were recorded. A statistically significant association was found between each of the vital data (pulse, temperature, respiratory rate), neurological manifestations (tremors, agitations, hallucinations, seizures), serum theophylline level, and the arterial blood pH of the studied patients on one hand and each of the duration of hospital stay, the need for ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and hemodialysis on the other hand. It could be concluded that, patients presenting with neurological manifestations are at higher risk for developing complications and may have a poor prognosis. Additionally, metabolic acidosis may affect the clinical course of acute theophylline toxicity and can alter the patient's outcome. Moreover, serum theophylline level can be taken as a predictor of outcome for cases of acute theophylline toxicity.
Ultrasound imaging for measuring muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness of the anterior thigh: A two-year longitudinal study in middle age

Background Ultrasound (US) imaging technique is widely used in research and clinical settings to assess the morphology and morphometry of neuromusculoskeletal structures. The technique has reported validity and reliability in measuring the size of various muscles under controlled conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess anterior thigh thickness using US imaging, in a healthy cohort of middle-aged older adults.Methods Participants included seventeen healthy older adults involved in regular moderate-vigorous activities (age range 39-66 years). US imaging scans of the anterior thighs two years since baseline measurements were performed. Images were analyzed off-line to compare US imaging measurements of muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat (SF) of the anterior thigh taken at baseline and after two years.Results There was no significant difference between muscle thickness measurements taken at baseline and after two years (Mean, standard deviation; baseline=2.80±0.71cm; follow-up=2.77±0.72cm, p=0.33). There was also no significant change in SF thickness (baseline=1.04±0.41cm; follow-up=1.06±0.40, p=0.33). Conclusions The results show there was no decline in anterior thigh muscle thickness or increase in SF in the healthy cohort studied using US imaging over a two-year period. These findings demonstrate the robustness of US imaging measurements over time.
Iterative Change Detection Algorithm for Low-Frequency UWB SAR

This paper presents an iterative change detection algorithm for low frequency UWB synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The proposed algorithm was compared in terms of false alarm rate (FAR) and probability of detection (PD) to the method presented by the Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI) [1]. The experimental analysis considered a set of 24 SAR images acquired in a military area of 6 km in northern Sweden. The numerical results have shown that the proposed algorithm has a superior performance when compared to the algorithm proposed in [1]. Keywords— SAR, CDA, CFAR, CARABAS
Implementing a depression screening and referral program in an African American church community

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to launch a depression screening and stigma reduction program in a nondenominational church that serves mainly African Americans. Potential links between stigma, such as beliefs related to mental illness, and how education can influence help-seeking and health literacy among ministerial leaders were identified. Methods: From March to June 2019, 28 African American ministerial leaders participated in this depression/suicidality educational awareness program. Three instruments were selected for this study: a demographic questionnaire, a Mental Health Knowledge pre/posttest, and a Community Attitudes Towards Mental Illness pre/post survey. Paired sample t-tests were used to determine preand post-education mental health knowledge and the presence of stigmatizing attitudes among ministerial leaders. Results: There was an increase in the mental health knowledge which was retained for a period of at least 3 months, t (25) = 9.74; p <. 001. Two of the four Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill subscales showed significant reductions in negative attitudes on both the Authoritarianism and Social Restrictiveness scales, t (25) = -9.05, p < . 001; t (25) = -7.65, p < . 001, respectively. Recommendations: Many Americans do not have their depression needs assessed. African Americans are one of the populations that are most likely to be missed. Additional efforts, such as collaboration with community mental health providers, seem to be promising steps towards optimizing diagnosis, treatment, follow up, and sustainability of faith-based programs. Key terms: African Americans, depression, church, suicidality, minister, clergy, congregant, depression screening tools, stigma. IMPLEMENTING A DEPRESSION SCREENING AND REFERRAL PROGRAM 4 Table of
Global burden of pancreas cancer: regional disparities in incidence, mortality and survival

Introduction: Despite its low incidence, pancreas cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. This study aims to provide a global overview of pancreas cancer as to incidence, mortality and survival, in selected countries of the world. Methods: Incidence was extracted from CI5plus and NORDCAN. Pancreas cancer deaths and populations were extracted from the WHO mortality database. Age-standardised incidence/mortality rates per 100,000 person-year were computed. Recent mean rates for incidence and mortality and annual percent changes (APC) over the last ten years were computed. Age-standardised relative survival was retrieved from the SEER database, Eurocare-5, NORDCAN and SURVCAN. Results: Recently, incidence ranged from 2.0 in Uganda to 12.9 in Slovakia in men and from 1.3 in India to 7.3 in Slovakia in women. Mortality rates ranged from 1.3 in Thailand to 10.7 in Estonia in men and from 1.0 in Thailand to 6.7 in Finland in women. Over the last ten years, incidence increased in 21/26 countries in men (APC: –6.09% in Uganda to 4.51% in India) and in 23 countries in women (APC: –5.50% in Costa Rica to 6.51% in India). Increasing mortality trends were observed in 16/30 countries for men (APC: –2.62% in Northern Ireland to 4.73% in Thailand) and in 22 countries for women (APC: –1.27% in Mexico to 4.80% in Thailand). Five-year survival ranged from 3.0% (Northern Ireland) to 17.2% (Hong Kong). Survival trends increased since the 1970’s from less than 5% to nearly 10% in recent years for USA and Northern Europe. Survival by stage indicated better survival for localised cancer with survival reaching 36% in 2010 compared to regional (11%) and distant cancer (3%). Conclusions: Disparities in pancreas cancer incidence and mortality were observed worldwide. Globally, pancreas cancer survival remained low but increases in one-year relative survival and survival of localised cancer are promising.
Assessment of Curve Correction in Cases of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Operated Through Posterior Approach by Ordinary Pedicle Screws

Background: Curve correction is the main aim in treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Many methods were published for correction and the most common method now is curve correction through posterior approach. Objective: This study was conducted to assess curve correction in cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that were operated through posterior approach by ordinary pedicle screws. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at Al-Azhar University Hospitals between November 2018 and August 2019. Twenty (20) patients with AIS were treated through posterior approach by ordinary pedicle screw. The patients were cooperative and reliable. The sample was comprised of 17 female and 3 male patients with a mean age of 15.3 ± 2.9 years (range 10 - 20 years). Results: The results were analyzed and compared with the results published by other authors which revealed that SRS 24 questionnaire with an average of 100.2 (of total score 120 representing good outcome). All patients gained height ranged from 3 cm to 8 cm with an average of 4.6 cm. Correction of rib hump ranged from 2.2 cm to 7.4 cm with an average of 4.5 cm (about 77%). Conclusion: Finally, we concluded that all pedicle screw constructs are reliable in the treatment of AIS, while longer follow up period is needed.
Receptores solúveis do fator de necrose tumoral como preditores de mortalidade e disfunção renal após transplante hepático

Introducao: diversos fatores de risco influenciam a sobrevivencia apos o transplante hepatico (TH). O objetivo primario desta pesquisa foi verificar a capacidade dos receptores soluveis do fator de necrose tumoral (STNF-R) em predizer disfuncao renal ou obito apos o TH. Alguns estudos tem demonstrado a relacao do receptor soluvel de fator de necrose tumoral 1 (STNF-R1) e receptor soluvel de fator de necrose tumoral 2 (STNF-R2) em pacientes hepatopatas com pior evolucao clinica, porem nao ha relatos de correlacao de medida dessesmarcadores no perioperatorio e prognostico apos o TH. Acredita-se que o conhecimento do grau de ativacao imune a partir da dosagem perioperatoria dos receptores soluveis do TNF possa auxiliar na predicao de evolucao apos o TH. Metodo: os dados foram coletados de forma prospectiva de 122 pacientes submetidos a transplante hepatico ortotopico com doador cadaver, de setembro de 2008 a dezembro de 2011. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em sete momentos distintos do perioperatorio (periodo entre inducao anestesica e incisaocirurgica - T1; imediatamente antes da clampagem da veia porta - T2; 5 minutos antes da perfusao do enxerto - T3; 15 minutos apos a reperfusao - T4; 2 horas apos a reperfusao - T5, 8 horas apos a reperfusao - T6 e 24 horas apos a reperfusao - T7) e analisadas pelo metodo Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). A analise estatistica foi realizada com analise univariada seguida de regressao logistica multivariada. Os valores preditivos das variaveis significativasforam calculados com base na curva receiver-operator characteristic (ROC). Resultados: a sobrevida em 30 dias e um ano apos o TH foi de 91% e 81%, respectivamente. A incidencia de disfuncao renal pos-operatoria no primeiro mes foi de 17%. Cada aumento de 1.000 pg/mL do STNF-R1 apos 24 horas da reperfusao do enxerto associou-se a necessidade de hemodialise no posoperatorio(OR 1,25) e a mortalidade em um ano (OR 1,10). A necessidade derealizacao de hemodialise foi fortemente associada a mortalidade em 30 dias e um ano apos o TH (OR 19,78 e 45,45 respectivamente). Conclusao: elevados niveis de STNF-R1 24 horas apos o TH sao preditores independentes de disfuncao renal pos-operatoria e mortalidade em um ano apos o TH. A necessidade de hemodialiseno primeiro mes apos o TH e um preditor de mortalidade em 30 dias e um ano.
Are sportive games affecting the lipid profile in adolescents?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sportive games on the lipid profile in some selected branches for ten weeks applied to adolescents. 11-14 age range; A total of 52 children, 26 in the study group and 26 in the control group, participated voluntarily in research. While the participants in the control group were only attending physical education lessons, participants in the research group played sport games for ten weeks, three times in a week, 60 minutes in a day different branches. Blood samples were taken from both groups two times before and after ten weeks of the program. Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels of were determined in taken blood samples. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS 22.0 Package program. Independent samples t test was used to determine differences between groups, and Paired samples t test was used to determine intra-group differences. When the pretest values ​​of the participants were compared, there was no difference between the groups in the values ​​of Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL Cholesterol (p>0,05), HDL cholesterol levels were different in favor of the study group when the post test values ​​were compared. In the intra-group evaluations, there was no difference between the pre-post tests values ​​of the control group, it was determined that the research group had differences in the levels ​​of cholesterol and HDL cholesterol (p<0,05). As a result, sportive games that applied throughout ten weeks to adolescents had positive effects on lipid profile, it can be said that they may have a health promoting role if they are made permanent.
Speech Recognition using Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy (ANFIS) to Control 5 DoF Arm Robot

This research shows the implementation of speech recognition to control arm robot. The method to identify the speech recognition using Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). LPC method used to feature extraction the signal of speech and ANFIS method used to learn the speech recognition. The data learning which used to ANFIS processed are 6 features. The examination system of speech identification using trained and not trained data. The result of the research shows the successful grade for trained speech data is 88.75% and not trained data is 78.78%. Identification of speech recognition system was applied to controlled arm robot based on Arduino microcontroller.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLASSIFICATION APPROACHES FOR BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is one of the greatest common diseases among women in Africa and worldwide. Accurate and early diagnosis is very significant phase in therapy and action. However, it is not an easy one due to some doubts in detection of breast cancer. Machine learning helps us to extract information and knowledge from this the basis of past experiences and detect hard-to-perceive pattern from large and noisy dataset. This paper compares and analysis the performance of machine learning algorithms, namely Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) for detecting breast cancer. The data set used for comparison was from UCI Wisconsin original breast cancer data set. The result outcome shows that Logistic Regression performs better and classification accuracy is 96.93%.