Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System level modeling of in-band wireless backhaul for 5G mmW

Due to the availability of large contiguous bands in excess of several gigahertz in the millimeter wave spectrum, millimeter wave communications will play a key role in 5G - the next generation mobile networks. The applicability of simple air interfaces without the need for complex techniques for optimized spectrum utilization make mmW carrier frequencies a preferred solution to cope with the huge traffic demand. The smaller wavelength enables usage of large antenna arrays supporting strong beamforming gains that compensate for the higher path loss at mmW frequencies and thus allow for a deployment of cellular access networks in dense urban outdoor scenarios. This work focuses on a real-time software demo of a 5G mmW network in a Chicago model operating at 73 GHz. The propagation effects and implemented channel model is based on measurements performed at 73 GHz. The 5G demo illustrates the dynamic cell re-routing caused by terminal and scatterer mobility in a 3D view of the dense urban street scenario and computes all relevant key performance indicators derived using a detailed RRM model. The key feature of this 5G mmW demo is the modeling of in-band wireless backhaul techniques to foster realistic deployments of mmW access nodes including inexpensive wireless backhaul links to the egress point(s) within the same band.
Hormonal diterpenoids derived from ent-kaurenoic acid are involved in the blue-light avoidance response of Physcomitrella patens

Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoid hormones that regulate growth and development in flowering plants. The moss Physcomitrella patens has part of the GA biosynthetic pathway from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to ent-kaurenoic acid via ent-kaurene, but it does not produce GA. Disruption of the ent-kaurene synthase gene in P. patens suppressed caulonemal differentiation. Application of ent-kaurene or ent-kaurenoic acid restored differentiation, suggesting that derivative(s) of ent-kaurenoic acid, but not GAs, are endogenous regulator(s) of caulonemal cell differentiation. The protonemal growth of P. patens shows an avoidance response under unilateral blue light. Physiological studies using gene mutants involved in ent-kaurene biosynthesis confirmed that diterpenoid(s) regulate the blue-light response. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings, and provide data for the ent-kaurene oxidase gene-disrupted mutant.
Cloud-Based Optimal Energy Forecasting for Enabling Green Smart Grid Communication

In a smart grid, micro-grids can exchange energy among themselves in order to provide reliable energy service to customers. Therefore, the micro-grids need to exchange their real-time energy status with other micro-grids, which, in turn, maximizes the energy consumption and CO2 emissions to them. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based energy forecasting scheme to minimize the energy consumption and CO2 emission towards enabling a green smart grid communication technology. Additionally, we device an optimal strategy for the proposed cloud-based energy forecasting scheme to minimize the energy consumption furthermore. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme over without cloud-based approach in terms of message overhead, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions of the micro-grids. We see that the proposed scheme can minimize the energy consumption and the CO2 emissions involved in the forecasting process significantly, which supports the green architecture of the smart grid communication technology. Additionally, the message overhead for energy forecasting can also be minimized.
Pertussis vaccination in pregnancy

ABSTRACT Pertussis has had a resurgence with the highest incidence and complication rates in young infants, and deaths occurring mainly at < age 3 months. Infants are infected by older individuals whose immunity has waned. Strategies such as targeted immunization of infant caregivers have had limited success. Pertussis vaccination in pregnancy may protect infants through passive and active transfer of maternal antibodies that protect the infant until the primary immunization series. Studies show vaccinating pregnant women with acellular pertussis vaccine is safe for mother and infant, immunogenic with efficient transfer of antibodies to infants, and effective in preventing pertussis in young infants. Vaccine uptake in pregnant women is sub-optimal, but provider recommendation is the most important factor in improving vaccination rates. Studies are ongoing to determine the best timing of vaccination to protect infants, and into other strategies. Vaccinating pregnant women offers hope to prevent pertussis-related morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide.
Internalisation and recycling of the granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) receptor on a murine myelomonocytic leukemia

Radioiodinated granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (125I‐GM‐CSF) binds to specific receptors (molecular weight approximately 50,000 daltons) on the murine myeiomonocytic leukemia, WEHI‐38D+. At 4°C 125I‐GM‐CSF remains on the surface of the cells and can be eluted by washing the cells with acidified isotonic buffer. When the cells are warmed to 37°C, the 125I‐GM‐CSF is internalized rapidly (t1/2: 7 min). The internalisation appears to be entirely receptor mediated and is independent of energy sources inhibited by sodium azide. This GM‐CSF‐mediated internalisation is not due to a general increase in the turnover of cell surface molecules as the specific binding of 25I‐transferrin is not affected by incubation of WEHI‐3BD+ cells with GM‐CSF. The initial 125I released when the cells are warmed to 37°C appears to be intact 125I‐GM‐CSF; however, after 2 h 80% of the 125I released was not precipitable with trichloroacetic acid and presumably represented degraded 125I‐GM‐CSF. Ammonium chloride or monensin reduced the release of 125I‐GM‐CSF from the cells, suggesting that the receptor‐bound ligand was processed through the lysosomes. A cor siderable proportion of the internalised GM‐CSF receptors were recycled to the surface and were available for ligand binding. Synthesis of new GM‐CSF receptors contributed to the re‐expression of GM‐CSF receptors after down‐regulation and it is possible that the GM‐CSF enhances the synthesis of its own receptors.
Functional Characterization of the Higher Plant Chloroplast Chaperonins (*)

The higher plant chloroplast chaperonins (ch-cpn60 and ch-cpn10) have been purified and their structural/functional properties examined. In all plants surveyed, both proteins were constitutively expressed, and only modest increases in their levels were detected upon heat shock. Like GroEL and GroES of Escherichia coli, the chloroplast chaperonins can physically interact with each other. The asymmetric complexes that form in the presence of ADP are “bullet-shaped” particles that likely consist of 1 mol each of ch-cpn60 and ch-cpn10. The purified ch-cpn60 is a functional molecular chaperone. Under “nonpermissive” conditions, where spontaneous folding was not observed, it was able to assist in the refolding of two different target proteins. In both cases, successful partitioning to the native state also required ATP hydrolysis and chaperonin 10. Surprisingly, however, the “double-domain” ch-cpn10, comprised of unique 21-kDa subunits, was not an obligatory co-chaperonin. Both GroES and a mammalian mitochondrial homolog were equally compatible with the ch-cpn60. Finally, the assisted-folding reaction mediated by the chloroplast chaperonins does not require K ions. Thus, the K-dependent ATPase activity that is observed with other known groEL homologs is not a universal property of all chaperonin 60s.
Model predictive thrust control on parallel-connected double-sided linear induction motor

Due to the changed parameters of double sided linear induction motor (DSLIM), the field oriented control (FOC) is not suitable in control and it will result in thrust fluctuation. The thrust control in the DSLIM is a better solution to suppress the thrust fluctuation. This paper establishes the dynamic model of DSLIMs according to the change principle of parameters and uses the model predictive thrust control (MPTC) to restrain the thrust fluctuation. For comparison, the direct torque control (DTC) results are also presented. The control results show the MPTC has a better control performance in parallel connected DSLIM systems.
The seven E. coli ribosomal RNA operon upstream regulatory regions differ in structure and transcription factor binding efficiencies

Abstract Ribosomal RNAs in E. coli are transcribed from seven operons, which are highly conserved in their organization and sequence. However, the upstream regulatory DNA regions differ considerably, suggesting differences in regulation. We have therefore analyzed the conformation of all seven DNA elements located upstream of the major E. coli rRNA P1 promoters. As judged by temperature-dependent gel electrophoresis with isolated DNA fragments comprising the individual P1 promoters and the complete upstream regulatory regions, all seven rRNA upstream sequences are intrinsically curved. The degree of intrinsic curvature was highest for the rrnB and rrnD fragments and less pronounced for the rrnA and rrnE operons. Comparison of the experimentally determined differences in curvature with programs for the prediction of DNA conformation revealed a generally high degree of conformity. Moreover, the analysis showed that the center of curvature is located at about the same position in all fragments. The different upstream regions were analyzed for their capacity to bind the transcription factors FIS and H-NS, which are known as antagonists in the regulation of rRNA synthesis. Gel retardation experiments revealed that both proteins interact with the upstream promoter regions of all seven rDNA fragments, with the affinities of the different DNA fragments for FIS and H-NS and the structure of the resulting complexes deviating considerably. FIS binding was non-cooperative, and at comparable protein concentrations the occupancy of the different DNA fragments varied between two and four binding sites. In contrast, H-NS was shown to bind cooperatively and intermediate states of occupancy could not be resolved for each fragment. The different gel electrophoretic mobilities of the individual DNA/protein complexes indicate variable structures and topologies of the upstream activating sequence regulatory complexes. Our results are highly suggestive of differential regulation of the individual rRNA operons.
Minimally invasive percutaneous posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

OBJECTIVE The wide exposure required for a standard posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) can cause unnecessary trauma to the lumbar musculoligamentous complex. By combining existing microendoscopic, percutaneous instrumentation and interbody technologies, a novel, minimally invasive, percutaneous PLIF technique was developed to minimize such iatrogenic tissue injury (MIP-PLIF). METHODS The MIP-PLIF technique was validated in three cadaveric torsos with six motion segments decompressed and fused. Preoperative variables measured from imaging included interpedicular distance, pedicular height and width, interspinous distance, lordosis, intervertebral height, Cobb angle, and foraminal height and volume. Using the METRx and MD spinal access systems (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN), bilateral laminotomies were performed using a hybrid of microsurgical and microendoscopic techniques. The intervertebral disc spaces were then distracted and prepared with the Tangent (Medtronic Sofamor Danek) interbody instruments. Either a 10 or 12 by 22 mm interbody graft was then placed. Using the Sextant (Medtronic Sofamor Danek) system, percutaneous pedicle screw-rod fixation of the motion segment was completed. We then applied MIP-PLIF in three patients. RESULTS For segments with preoperative intervertebral/foraminal height loss, MIP-PLIF was effective in restoring both heights in all cases. The amount of improvement (9.7 to 38% disc height increase; 7.7 to 29.9% foraminal height increase) varied directly with the size of the graft used and the original degree of disc and foraminal height loss. Segmental lordosis improved by 29% on average. Graft and screw placement was accurate in the cadavers, except for a single Grade 1 screw violation of one pedicle. The average operative time was 3.5 hours per level. In our three clinical cases, the MIP-PLIF procedure required a mean of 5.4 hours, estimated blood loss was 185 ml, and inpatient stay was 2.8 days, with no intravenous narcotic use after 2 days in any of the patients. All screw and graft placements were confirmed. CONCLUSION A complete PLIF procedure can be safely and effectively performed using minimally invasive techniques, thereby potentially reducing the pain and morbidity associated with standard open surgery. Prospective, randomized outcome studies will be required to validate the efficacy of this exciting new surgical technique.
IL‐8 induces T cell Chemotaxis, suppresses IL‐4, and up‐regulates IL‐8 production by CD4+ T cells

Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a neutrophil‐activating cytokine, also activates certain T cell functions such as Chemotaxis. We additionally find (n = 6) that recombinant (rIL‐8; 1–100 ng/ml), when added to 24 h culture of human CD4+ T cells, suppressed the spontaneous production of IL‐4 (50–85%). Steady state production of IL‐4 was typically around 30 pg/ml, determined by use of a solid‐ phase immunoabsorbant assay. De novo synthesis of IL‐4 from CD4+ T cells cultured for 3 days was also evaluated by use of detection of [35S]methionine incorporation, as visualized by autoradiography of 2‐D gels, and showed that IL‐8 suppressed IL‐4 production. This suppression of IL‐4 production was confirmed in the cytosol fraction by use of Western blotting. The effect of IL‐8 (100 ng/ml) was comparable to that of 10 ng/ml recombinant interferon‐γ, both strongly suppressing IL‐4 production. The regulatory effect of IL‐8 on IL‐4 production was also indicated by the fact that addition of a neutralizing monoclonal anti‐IL‐8 antibody (WS.4) enhanced the spontaneous IL‐4 production when added to the cultures of CD4+ T cells, thereby probably inactivating the effect of IL‐8 originating from the cutured T cells. Also, we observed that IL‐4 mRNA expression was down‐regulated when the CD4+ T cells were cultured for 12 h in the presence of 100 ng/ml IL‐8. The suppression of IL‐4 mRNA expression could be prevented by adding anti‐IL‐8 (20 μg/ml) or IL‐10 (100 ng/ml) 1 h before adding rIL‐8. Thus, IL‐8 may be an important regulator of CD4+ T cell‐derived IL‐4, thereby possibly regulating the balance between humoral and cellular T cell‐dependent responses.
Assessment of RT-PCR Detection of Human Mammaglobin for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Derived Pleural Effusions

The present study investigates the diagnostic significance of human mammaglobin (hMAM) mRNA expression in pleural effusions (PE) from breast cancer (BC) patients. Two hundred and fifty PE samples, including 32 from patients who had diagnosis of BC, 116 from patients with other cancers, and 102 from patients with benign diseases, were subjected to nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for hMAM, and the results were compared with conventional cytology. hMAM was found expressed in 76/250 (30.4%) total PE and in 23/28 (sensitivity of 82.1%) of the PE subgroup owing to metastasis from BC. The specificity for hMAM detection method was 75.7%, whereas accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 76.4%, 30.3%, and 97.1%, respectively. hMAM was also detected in 46/116 (39.6%) PE specimens from other types of cancer and in 7/102 (6.8%) from benign diseases. Comparative analysis of RT-PCR and cytology showed that 14 PE samples from metastatic BC (50%) were positive by both PCR and cytology, 9 (32.1%) were positive only by PCR and 5 (17.9%) were negative by both tests, whereas no cases were found of positive cytology with negative PCR. RT-PCR increased sensitivity of BC effusion detection to 32.1% (McNemar test, P=0.004). We demonstrated that RT-PCR for hMAM test was more sensitive than cytomorphology suggesting that, although hMAM is not BC specific, it may be useful in adjunct to cytology for the routine screening of malignant BC effusions.
Effects of physiotherapeutic TENS in a woman with unexplained infertility

Unexplained infertility (UI) is a difficult diagnosis in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. This report describes TENS treatment as an adjunct therapy for a 30-year-old woman with long-standing UI who was scheduled to undergo ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. She had three unsuccessful intrauterine insemination treatments. Her last IVF treatment also failed. The treatment consisted of burst-TENS for seven sessions, which was applied daily from the second day of induction of ovulation (IO) to hCG administration. The transvaginal ultrasonography with pulsed Doppler curves was performed to measure the uterine artery impedance indices of Pulsatility Index (PI) and Resistance Index (RI). Before TENS application, on the first day of IO, the PI and RI for right side uterine artery were 3.96 and 0.96, respectively. For left uterine artery, the PI and RI were 6.92 and 1, respectively. After treatment with TENS, on the day of hCG administration, the PI and RI for right side uterine artery were 3.39 and 0.90, respectively. On the left side, they were PI=2.62 and RI=0.86. IVF was performed and on the day of oocytes collection, 22 oocytes were collected and inseminated. Fertilization was confirmed 16 hours after insemination by visualization of 2 pronuclei. A singleton pregnancy was achieved by the presence of a fetal sac during an ultrasound examination. It is concluded that the addition of TENS resulted in remarkable reduction of uterine artery PI and RI and a successful pregnancy after IVF for this woman with UI.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of ALK5 Causes Selective Induction of Terminal Differentiation in Mouse Keratinocytes Expressing Oncogenic HRAS

TGFβ has both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in cancer development. We previously showed that SB431542 (SB), a small molecule inhibitor of the TGFβ type I receptor (ALK5) kinase, suppressed benign epidermal tumor formation but enhanced malignant conversion. Here, we show that SB treatment of primary K5rTA/tetORASV12G bitransgenic keratinocytes did not alter HRASV12G-induced keratinocyte hyperproliferation. However, continuous SB treatment significantly enhanced HRASV12G-induced cornified envelope formation and cell death linked to increased expression of enzymes transglutaminase (TGM) 1 and TGM3 and constituents of the cornified envelope small proline-rich protein (SPR) 1A and SPR2H. In contrast, TGFβ1 suppressed cornified envelope formation in HRASV12G keratinocytes. Similar results were obtained in HRASV12G transgenic mice treated topically with SB or by coexpressing TGFβ1 and HRASV12G in the epidermis. Despite significant cell death, SB-resistant HRASV12G keratinocytes repopulated the primary culture that had overcome HRas-induced senescence. These cells expressed reduced levels of p16ink4a and were growth stimulated by SB but remained sensitive to a calcium-induced growth arrest. Together these results suggest that differential responsiveness to cornification may represent a mechanism by which pharmacologic blockade of TGFβ signaling can inhibit the outgrowth of preneoplastic lesions but may cause a more progressed phenotype in a separate keratinocyte population. Mol Cancer Res; 9(6); 746–56. ©2011 AACR.
Hemodynamic Patterns of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: A Possible Association with Rupture

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The anterior communicating artery (AcomA) is a predilect location of aneurysms which typically carry higher rupture risks than other locations in the anterior circulation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the different flow types present in AcomA aneurysms and to investigate possible associations with rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient-specific computational models of 26 AcomA aneurysms were constructed from 3D rotational angiography images. Bilateral images were acquired in 15 patients who had both A1 segments of the anterior cerebral arteries, and models of the whole anterior circulation were created by fusing the reconstructed left and right arterial trees. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed under pulsatile flow conditions measured on a healthy subject. Visualizations of flow velocity, instantaneous streamlines, and wall shear stress (WSS) were performed. These were analyzed for flow patterns, size of the impaction zone, and peak WSS and then correlations were made with prior history of rupture. RESULTS: Aneurysms with small impaction zones were more likely to have ruptured than those with large impaction zones (83% versus 63%). Maximum intra-aneurysmal WSS (MWSS) for the unruptured aneurysms ranged from 10 to 230 dyne/cm2 (mean, 114 dyne/cm2) compared with ruptured aneurysms, which ranged from 35 to 1500 dyne/cm2 (mean, 271 dyne/cm2). This difference in MWSS was statistically significant at 90% confidence levels (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: Aneurysms with small impaction zones, higher flow rates entering the aneurysm, and elevated MWSS are associated with a clinical history of previous rupture.
Effects of the home environment on respiratory symptoms of a general population sample in middle Italy.

The effects of home environment characteristics were evaluated in a multistage, stratified, cluster sample (N = 3,866) of the general population who lived in the district of Pisa (middle Italy). Each subject completed a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire that contained questions about respiratory symptoms/diseases and risk factors (e.g., type of heating, fuels used for cooking and heating). Cough and asthma were significantly more frequent in men who did not smoke and who did not use natural gas for cooking and heating. Attacks of shortness of breath accompanied by wheeze, dyspnea, and cardiovascular conditions in female nonsmokers were associated with use of a stove or forced-air circulation for heating; the type of fuel used did not affect this result. Multiple logistic models, which accounted for independent effects of age, smoking status, pack-years, childhood respiratory illness, education, zone of residence, and work exposure to dusts, chemicals, or fumes, showed significantly increased odds ratios for (a) cough and phlegm in males (associated with bottled gas for cooking), (b) wheeze and shortness of breath with wheeze in females (associated with the use of a stove or forced-air circulation). These results, which confirm our previous observations in an unpolluted rural area of north Italy, indicate that characteristics of the home environment, as assessed by questionnaire, may be linked to mild adverse health effects, i.e., respiratory symptoms, in the general population. The results also identify the need to better characterize the dose-response relationship in indoor air pollution monitoring studies that include subsamples of this population.
Coordinated control of Fossil-Fuel power plant based on the fuzzy PID control

In this paper, a new sequential relay feedback method for the tuning of decentralized PID controllers in intelligent coordinated control systems (CCS). Based on the specified phase and gain margin, the parameters of the fuzzy self-adjusting PID controllers and the fuzzy gain scheduling PID controllers are determined. The scheme is implemented through the function code in typical DCSs (EDPF-NT, XDPS, etc). It has been used for control of the 300MW Fossil-Fuel units. The industrial applications show that the scheme achieves better performance in the specific range of load variations.