Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation

The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project. This paper is a component of the report, focusing on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Utilizing the TOAR surface ozone database, several figures present the global distribution and trends of daytime average ozone at 2702 non-urban monitoring sites, highlighting the regions and seasons of the world with the greatest ozone levels. Similarly, ozonesonde and commercial aircraft observations reveal ozone’s distribution throughout the depth of the free troposphere. Long-term surface observations are limited in their global spatial coverage, but data from remote locations indicate that ozone in the 21st century is greater than during the 1970s and 1980s. While some remote sites and many sites in the heavily polluted regions of East Asia show ozone increases since 2000, many others show decreases and there is no clear global pattern for surface ozone changes since 2000. Two new satellite products provide detailed views of ozone in the lower troposphere across East Asia and Europe, revealing the full spatial extent of the spring and summer ozone enhancements across eastern China that cannot be assessed from limited surface observations. Sufficient data are now available (ozonesondes, satellite, aircraft) across the tropics from South America eastwards to the western Pacific Ocean, to indicate a likely tropospheric column ozone increase since the 1990s. The 2014–2016 mean tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) between 60˚N–60˚S from five satellite products is 300 Tg ± 4%. While this agreement is excellent, the products differ in their quantification of TOB trends and further work is required to reconcile the differences. Satellites can now estimate ozone’s global long-wave radiative effect, but evaluation is difficult due to limited in situ observations where the radiative effect is greatest.
TechNote TN-01 : The impact of sample type ( serum and EDTA-plasma ) and platelet contamination on osteomiR detection

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are 18-24 nucleotides in length and regulate gene expression by either suppressing translation or inducing mRNA degradation. Cells release a fraction of their microRNAs into the extracellular space. Extracellular (or circulating) microRNAs are protected from degradation by encapsulation in vesicles or through association with RNA binding proteins, and can be taken up by acceptor cells (figure 1). Circulating microRNAs can be found in plasma, serum as well as other biofluids. Circulating microRNAs show great potential as non-invasive biomarkers for various diseases, because microRNA expression or function is significantly altered in many disease states, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders or osteoporosis.
Reassessing the Supreme Court: How Decisions and Negativity Bias Affect Legitimacy

While the Supreme Court’s legitimacy is generally considered essential to its influence, scholars continue to debate whether the Court’s decisions affect individuals’ assessments of it. The last week of the 2013 term provides an unusual opportunity to evaluate these issues because the Court made a conservative decision concerning the Voting Rights Act (VRA) only one day before it made a liberal one about same-sex marriage. We use original panel data of individuals’ views throughout this period, including a wave collected on the day between the two decisions, to investigate the links among decisions and legitimacy. We find that diffuse support for the Court is sensitive to decisions in these two salient cases conditional on individuals’ ideological distance to the Court and their policy support. Moreover, the negative effects of an unfavorable decision are stronger than the positive effects of a favorable one.
RELATIONS AND AFFECTIVE CONTENT IN THE EXPRESSION OF OPINION IN TEXTS

The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence that the interaction of discourse structure expressed by discourse relations (Mann & Thompson 1988) and affective lexical items classified as Attitude (Martin & White 2005) have on the overall opinion in texts. We focus on the eight most frequent discourse relations in our data which we extracted from two corpora: the Simon Fraser University Review Corpus (Taboada 2008) and the Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0 (Prasad et al. 2008). The results show that “No change” of opinion polarity is the most frequent type of polarity that occurs with the analyzed discourse relations.
Scalarity and the Cantonese post-verbal particle can1

This paper provides an analysis of the Cantonese post-verbal particle can1. We argue that can1 is a resultative particle encoding the meaning of ‘a small degree’. It is only compatible with (i) verbs that entail a specific resulted state of the theme argument and (ii) verbs that encode a potential change of the theme argument (Beavers, 2011, 2013). Assuming that change of state verbs involve a property scale (Hay et al., 1999), we propose that can1 makes the property scale bounded by providing an end-point. This endpoint, however, is not precise. It consists of a range of values on the lower end of the scale.
ACOUSTIC SCENE CLASSIFICATION BY FUSING LIGHTGBM AND VGG-NET MULTICHANNEL PREDICTIONS

This report provides a solution for the task 1 of DCASE 2017 challenge. We build two parallel audio scene classification systems – LightGBM and VGG-net. Their prediction scores are output respectively from the multichannel version of the TUT Acoustic Scenes 2017 dataset. We perform a linear logistic regression method to fuse the (1) LightGBM, (2) VGG-net and (3) LightGBM+VGG-net multichannel scores. Finally, three outputs from the fused systems are submitted for the challenge. The evaluation is done on the development set.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Education for collaboration

Purpose: This paper considers how postgraduate education can contribute to the effective integration of health and social care through supporting public sector managers to develop the boundary spanning skills required for collaborative working. Design/ methodology /Approach: A reflection on and review of documentation from ten years of delivery of a part time postgraduate programme for health and social care managers, critical reflection on the findings in light of relevant literature. Findings: The health and social care managers participating in this postgraduate programme report working across complex, shifting and hidden boundaries. Effective education for integration should: ground learning in experience; develop a shared language; be inter-professional and co-produced and support skill development. Originality / Value: This paper addresses a gap in the literature relating to the educational and development needs of health and social care managers leading collaborative working.
Adrenal insufficiency in Bilateral Adrenal Metastasis implemented SBRT

How to cite this article: Cihan YB. Adrenal insuffi ciency in Bilateral Adrenal Metastasis implemented SBRT. J Radiol Oncol. 2018; 2: 009-011. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jro. 1001016 Today, there is a considerable increase in localizing adrenal bulks with the bringing radiologic diagnosis methods having high technology into use and improvement in diagnostic tests. Adrenal glands are vital tissues for the organism due to the hormones they secrete. Death is a natural result in the absence of adrenal cortex. Adrenal bulks can be seen with different clinical, laboratory and radiological data. These bulks are often benign and rarely malign. They can be functional or non-functional. Major treatment methods used fort he treatment of adrenal gland primary tumors or metastases are surgery, arterial embolisation, chemical ablation, radiofrequency ablation and radiotherapy [1-4].
A study of compensation problem for uncertainty of quality in supply chain

The uncertainty of demand occurs at a downstream side and spreads over an upstream side in a supply chain. To the contrary, the uncertainty of supply occurs at an upstream side and spreads over an downstream side in a supply chain. The quality of items is particularly important as a factor in the uncertainty. Imperfect quality items included in the procurement from a supplier brings the uncertainty of supply, that is, whether imperfect quality items are included or not, or how many imperfect quality items are included. An intangible loss due to the uncertainty of imperfect quality items is unavoidable even if the downstream side (taht is, a manufacrurer or retailer) prevented all imperfect quality items from being distributed to customers and society by perfect inspection. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the impact of the uncertainty of imperfect quality items in the situation that the imperfect quality items included in the procurement from the supplier are perfectly retrieved in the downstream side. In particular, the impact of the uncertainty of imperfect quality items is evaluated as an object of a monetary compensation. Hence, we propose a condition of the monetary compensation to maintain supply chain partnarship. Through some numerical examples, the condition of the monetary compensation for the uncertanty of imperfect quality items is illustrated.
Determination of Optimal Electricity Reserve Requirements

The continuous and safe delivery of electricity is a matter of concern amongst almost everyone, from single customers at their homes to industry owners and transmission system operators. Due to the nature of electricity, the amount produced and consumed must be equal. If, for some unexpected reason, those two quantities are not equal then the system is imbalanced and load demand has to be shed. This occurrence is costly and undesired. The main tool that transmission system operators have to avoid it is to allocate electricity reserves and use them to balance up the system if required An alternative probabilistic formulation to the traditional deterministic “n-1” criteria is given in this thesis by using a stochastic programming framework. The solution of the optimization model indicates the total amount of reserves that must be allocated at the lowest possible cost. Moreover, two ways of accounting for the risk are discussed, namely the Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and the Conditional Value at Risk (CVar) formulation. The scenarios are computed from a function of reserve needs which takes into account the power load demand forecast error, the wind production forecast error and the failures of the power plants. Finally, the usefulness of the methods is tested with data from West Denmark electricity area. The results show that the models are able to account for the market principles and provide reasonable levels of optimal reserves, with some room for improvement if the methodology is intended to be implemented in a real system.
Effect of Internet Use on Study Habits and Adjustment of Higher Secondary Students

In the present study an attempt has been made to know effect of internet use on study habits and adjustment of higher secondary students. The sample consisted 480 (240 boys and 240 girls) studying in various secondary schools of Agra city in India were selected by using purposive sampling method. Self developed S.H. I.C. S. was used to know the study habits of higher secondary students. Through this tool study habits of students from eight areas are studied: Comprehension, Concentration, Task-Orientation and Sets, Interaction, Drilling, Writing, Supports and Recording and Adjustment Inventory for College Students by A. K. P. Sinha and R.P. Singh have been taken for data collection. For the analysis and interpretation of the data, descriptive and inferential modes of treatments were adopted. CR-test was applied for testing the significance of Hypotheses. The results revealed that the mean of study habits and adjustment scores of internet users and non-users differ significantly.
Optimizing Transcriptome Assemblies for Eleusine indica Leaf and Seedling by Combining Multiple Assemblies from Three De Novo Assemblers

Due to rapid advances in sequencing technology, increasing amounts of genomic and transcriptomic data are available for plant species, presenting enormous challenges for biocomputing analysis. A crucial first step for a successful transcriptomics‐based study is the building of a high‐quality assembly. Here, we utilized three different de novo assemblers (Trinity, Velvet, and CLC) and the EvidentialGene pipeline tr2aacds to assemble two optimized transcript sets for the notorious weed species, Eleusine indica. Two RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) datasets from leaf and aboveground seedlings were processed using three assemblers, which resulted in 20 assemblies for each dataset. The contig numbers and N50 values of each assembly were compared to study the effect of read number, k‐mer size, and in silico normalization on assembly output. The 20 assemblies were then processed through the tr2aacds pipeline to remove redundant transcripts and to select the transcript set with the best coding potential. Each assembly contributed a considerable proportion to the final transcript combination with the exception of the CLC‐k14. Thus each assembler and parameter set did assemble better contigs for certain transcripts. The redundancy, total contig number, N50, fully assembled contig number, and transcripts related to target‐site herbicide resistance were evaluated for the EvidentialGene and Trinity assemblies. Comparing the EvidentialGene set with the Trinity assembly revealed improved quality and reduced redundancy in both leaf and seedling EvidentialGene sets. The optimized transcriptome references will be useful for studying herbicide resistance in E. indica and the evolutionary process in the three allotetraploid E. indica offspring.
Acoustic Scene Classification: From a Hybrid Classifier to Deep Learning

This report describes our contribution to the 2017 Detection and Classiﬁcation of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) challenge. We investigated two approaches for the acoustic scene classiﬁcation task. Firstly, we used a combination of features in the time and frequency domain and a hybrid Support Vector Machines - Hidden Markov Model (SVM-HMM) classiﬁer to achieve an average accuracy over 4-folds of 80.9% on the development dataset and 61.0% on the evaluation dataset. Secondly, by exploiting data-augmentation techniques and using the whole segment (as opposed to splitting into sub-sequences) as an input, the accuracy of our CNN system was boosted to 95.9%. However, due to the small number of kernels used for the CNN and a failure of capturing the global information of the audio signals, it achieved an accuracy of 49.5% on the evaluation dataset. Our two approaches outperformed the DCASE baseline method, which uses log-mel band energies for feature extraction and a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) to achieve an average accuracy over 4-folds of 74.8%.
A Negotiation Model for Affective Visuo-Haptic Communication Between a Human Operator and a Machine

Humans communicate with each other through a number of affective cues. The recognition as well as synthesis of these affective cues using machines have been the interest of the affective computing community. In this paper, we show how haptic and audio-visual cues can be used to display negotiation related affective states. We show that the addition of haptic cues provides a statistically significant increase in the human-recognition of the machine-displayed affective cues. We also show that, as in game theory, certain negotiation strategies such as tit-for-tat generate maximum combined utility for the negotiating parties while providing an excellent balance between the work done by the user and the joint utility.
Paleomagnetic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Costa Rican subduction zone: New results from sedimentary successions of IODP drill sites from the Cocos Ridge

The near‐flat subduction of the Cocos Ridge (CR) along the Middle American Trench (MAT) plays a pivotal role in governing the geodynamic evolution of the central American convergent margin. Elucidating the onset of its subduction is essential to understand the tectonic evolution and seismogenesis of the Costa Rican convergent margin, a typical erosive convergent margin and modern example of a flat‐slab subduction. Initial subduction of the CR has been previously investigated by examining upper plate deformation that was inferred to have resulted from the initial CR subduction. However, little attention has been paid to the extensive sedimentary archives on the CR that could hold important clues to the initial CR subduction. Drilling on the CR during IODP Expedition 344 discovered a pronounced sedimentary hiatus at Site U1381. Here we present paleomagnetic and rock magnetic results of the Cenozoic sedimentary sequences at this site that bracket the hiatus between ca. 9.61 and 1.52 Ma. We also examine the areal extent, timing, and geologic significance of the hiatus by analyzing sedimentary records from five other ODP/IODP sites on CR and Cocos plate. The analyses show that the hiatus appears to be regional and the presence/absence of the sedimentary hiatus at different locations on CR implies a link to the onset of CR shallow subduction, as a result of either bottom current erosion or CR buckling upon its initial collision at the MAT. Records directly from CR thus provide a new window to unraveling the geodynamic evolution of the central American margin.
The covariation of Northern Hemisphere summertime CO 2 with surface temperature in boreal regions

Abstract. We observe significant interannual variability in the strength of the seasonal cycle drawdown in northern midlatitudes from measurements of CO 2 made by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). This variability correlates with surface temperature in the boreal regions. Using TCCON measurements, we find that the slope of the relationship between the X CO 2 seasonal cycle minima and boreal surface temperature is 1.2 ± 0.7 ppm K −1 . Assimilations from CarbonTracker 2011 and CO 2 simulations using the Simple Biosphere exchange Model (SiB) transported by GEOS-Chem underestimate this covariation. Both atmospheric transport and biospheric activity contribute to the observed covariation.
Perspectives of Simplified Graphical Domain-Specific Languages as Communication Tools in Developing Mobile Systems for Reporting Life-Threatening Situations

Abstract Reporting systems, based on mobile technologies and feedback from regular citizens, are constantly gaining popularity, especially when it comes to environmental and cultural heritage protection. Reporting life-threatening situations, such as sudden natural disasters or traffic accidents, constitutes the same class of problems and could be aided by IT systems of similar architecture. Emergency services also could benefit from such kinds of solutions, e.g., by getting an accurate location of the place where help is needed as well as fast exchange of information. Designing and developing systems for reporting life-threatening situations is not a trivial task, requiring tight cooperation among software developers and experts of different domains, who most likely would have trouble with industrially recognized languages and notations. Thus, the question is whether using simplified graphical domain-specific languages (SGDSLs) could help in creating a common communication platform. In order to answer that question, short workshops were conducted at the University of Economics in Prague, Czech Republic and in Lublin, Poland. They involved people trained during their studies to work in administration and emergency services, among others, as policy makers, medicine specialists, environmentalists, or managers. All participants received brief training in graphical modeling languages in the context of modeling mobile applications and were asked to voluntarily fill in an anonymous survey in order to check their knowledge about and attitude toward the presented technologies. Most respondents claimed that SGDSLs oriented on defining a flow of actions might be valuable as tools for creating a common communication platform.
RePair and All Irreducible Grammars are Upper Bounded by High-Order Empirical Entropy

Irreducible grammars are a class of context-free grammars with well-known representatives, such as Repair (with a few tweaks), Longest Match, Greedy, and Sequential. We show that a grammar-based compression method described by Kieffer and Yang (2000) is upper bounded by the high-order empirical entropy of the string when the underlying grammar is irreducible. Specifically, given a string <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over an alphabet of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, we prove that if the underlying grammar is irreducible, then the length of the binary code output by this grammar-based compression method is bounded by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|S|H_{k}(S) + o(|S|\log \sigma)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for any <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k\in o(\log _\sigma |S|)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{k}(S)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-order empirical entropy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This is the first bound encompassing the whole class of irreducible grammars in terms of the high-order empirical entropy, with coefficient 1.
Peace and cohesive harmony: A diachronic investigation of structure and texture in ‘end of war’ news reports in the Sydney Morning Herald

This paper presents one aperture from a multistratal, diachronic investigation of the changing context of war news reporting in the Sydney Morning Herald from 1902 to 2003. The larger study applies an ensemble of systemic analyses and theoretical perspectives to ‘end of war’ reports from seven wars over this period. In this paper, a cohesive harmony analysis (following Hasan, 1984, 1985) is applied to three texts (Boer War, Korean War and Iraq War), providing empirical evidence for structural boundaries in the texts and giving an account of the semantics of topical relevance (cf. Cloran, 1999; Lukin, 2008 in press). The findings are compared across the three texts and considered as evidence for shifts in the contextual configuration of the parameters of field, tenor and mode (cf. Halliday & Hasan, 1985; Hasan, 1995). Key Terms: cohesive harmony, diachronic, context, media discourse, Sydney Morning Herald, armistice
Harmonic/Percussive Separation Using Median Filtering

In this paper, we present a fast, simple and effective method to separate the harmonic and percussive parts of a monaural audio signal. The technique involves the use of median filtering on a spectrogram of the audio signal, with median filtering performed across successive frames to suppress percussive events and enhance harmonic components, while median filtering is also performed across frequency bins to enhance percussive events and supress harmonic components. The two resulting median filtered spectrograms are then used to generate masks which are then applied to the original spectrogram to separate the harmonic and percussive parts of the signal. We illustrate the use of the algorithm in the context of remixing audio material from commercial recordings.