Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immigrant Attitudes Toward the Physician-Reply

In Reply. — I am most grateful to Dr Anderson for his letter. It is gratifying to learn that his clinical research as a physician-anthropologist interested in ethnomedicine confirms many of the conclusions I have drawn based on historical data and some contemporary reports. His interest in my essay suggests how much there is to be gained when doctors of medicine and doctors of history share their insights and expertise. I do not wish to dwell on the sentence that Dr Anderson quoted out of context in the last paragraph of his letter. As an American historian working primarily in immigration and ethnic studies, I would be the last to suggest that American standards of health and hygiene are uniformly superior to those of other countries. In this case, I believe the pejorative connotation was supplied by the reader, not the author. Those who peruse the entire article should have
Characterization of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic control in the hospitalized patient

Introduction: the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased, being one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death in the population over 45 years. Objective: to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in the internal medicine service during the period between October 2010 and August 2012 in the Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia. Material and methods: a series of cases of adult patients with type 2 diabetes independent from the reason for its hospitalization, is reported. Demographic characteristics, variables associated with diabetes (time of evolution, treatment, control by specialist and chronic complications), hospital stay, hospital complications and mortality were determined. Results: 318 patients, 283 known diabetics and 35 with de novo diabetes, mean age 65 years (SD 13.7). The leading cause of hospitalization was infectious disease (43%), followed by metabolic decompensation (21%). 81% was outside the goal of metabolic control. Neuropathy (68%) Caracterización de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el control metabólico en el paciente hospitalizado Characterization of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic control in the hospitalized patient Mónica Osuna, María claudia rivera, césar de Jesús BOcanegra, andrés lancherOs, henry TOvar, JOsé ignaciO hernández, Magda alBa • Bogotá, D.C. (ColomBia) Dras. Mónica Osuna Pérez y María Claudia Rivera Delgado: Residentes de Medicina Interna, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludHospital de San José; Dr. César de Jesús Bocanegra: Internista, Residente de Nefrología, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludHospital de San José; Dr. Andrés Lancheros Lancheros: Especialista de Medicina Interna y Endocrinología, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludHospital de San José; Dr. Henry Tovar: Especialista de Medicina Interna y Endocrinología, Instructor Asociado de Endocrinología, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludHospital de San José; Dr. José Ignacio Hernández: Especialista de Medicina Interna y Cardiología. Profesor Emérito, Instructor Asociado de Medicina Interna, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludHospital de San José; Dra Magda Alba: Epidemióloga, Jefe de División de Investigaciones Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud Hospital de San José. Bogotá, D.C. (Colombia). Correspondencia. Dra. Mónica Osuna Pérez. Bogotá, D.C. (Colombia). Correo electrónico: mosuna@fucsalud.edu. co Recibido: 08/I/2013 Aceptado: 16/X/2014
Human Error in Medicine

I can remember my first "error. " It might not be the first mistake that I made as a clinician, but it is the first I remember where I saw the immediate cause and deadly effect. The truth is that even on the day it happened I realized that I might not be to blame and certainly should not carry the sole burden. On the order of my resident we dialyzed a critically ill patient and failed to re-administer an antibiotic. Within a few hours the patient was dead. We never ascertained whether the death was a result of the lack of antibiotic or whether the multisystem organ failure was too much for the frail body. Still, with that experience I realized how potentially deadly any one of our decisions might be. There was an error, that is certain. Whether the error caused harm is unknown. It is clear, however, that
Formal verification of SoC based embedded design using context based assertions

The objective of the work is to propose a formal verification logic for mixed mode hardware using the internal and external settings of the circuits towards context based assertions. The mixed signal hardware needed for an artificial arm using a programmable system on chip (pSoC) micro controller is verified and developed. The earlier CTL and LTL use the path quantifiers and logical operators to formally verify the behaviour of the system in all possible future behaviour respectively. An extension to the existing layered approach of the verification mechanism, a context layer may be added to fulfil the mode requirement verification of the hardware circuits along with the value driven timely behaviour verification. The MAD (Mixed Analog Digital) circuits that are realized using system on chip (SoC) device are verified using the proposed Hybrid Context Mode (HCM) Logic and verified using the Model Verifier, Alloy. The proposed logic simplifies the model checking and property checking strategies of the individual MAD circuits with the context based assertion technique.
Mediendidaktik und Educational Technology. Zwei Perspektiven auf die Gestaltung von Lernumgebungen mit digitalen Medien

Der Beitrag problematisiert die internationale Verstandigung uber die angemessene Verwendung von Fachbegriffen. Ausgehend von der deutschsprachigen Diskussion um die didaktisch motivierte Gestaltung von Lehr- und Lernumgebungen mit digitalen Medien fur formale Bildungskontexte werden exemplarisch die Ansatze Mediendidaktik und Educational Technology systematisch hinsichtlich Begriffsverstandnis, Historie und disziplinarem wie administrativem Kontext verglichen. Abschliesend werden professionsbezogene Folgerungen gezogen, die vor allem auf dem unterschiedlichen Grad an institutioneller Verankerung beider Perspektiven aufbauen. Die Autorinnen kommen zu dem Schluss, dass es keine eindeutige Ubereinstimmung von deutsch- und englischsprachigen Fachbegriffen gibt. Aus diesem Grund wird abschliesend fur eine bewusste, kontextualisierte Verwendung disziplinspezifischer Begriffe fur internationale Publikationen pladiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
Markov random field image segmentation using cellular neural network

Markovian approaches to early vision processes need a huge amount of computing power. These algorithms can usually be implemented on parallel computing structures. With the Cellular Neural Networks (CNN), a new image processing tool is coming into consideration. Its VLSI implementation takes place on a single analog chip containing several thousands of cells. Herein we use the CNN UM architecture for statistical image segmentation. The Modified Metropolis Dynamics (MMD) method can be implemented into the raw analog architecture of the CNN. We are able to implement a (pseudo) random field generator using one layer (one memory/cell) of the CNN. We can introduce the whole pseudostochastic segmentation process in the CNN architecture using 8 memories/cell. We use simple arithmetic functions (addition, multiplication), equality-test between neighboring pixels and very simple nonlinear output functions (step, jigsaw). With this architecture, a real VLSI CNN chip can execute a pseudostochastic relaxation algorithm of about 100 iterations in about 1 ms. In the proposed solution the segmentation is unsupervised. We have developed a pixel-level statistical estimation model. The CNN turns the original image into a smooth one. Then we have two gray-level values for every pixel: the original and the smoothed one. These two values are used for estimating the probability distribution of region label at a given pixel. Using the conventional first-order Markov Random Field (MRF) model, some misclassification errors remained at the region boundaries, because of the estimation difficulties in case of low SNR. By using a greater neighborhood, this problem has been avoided. In our CNN experiments, we used a simulation system with a fixed-point integer precision of 16 bits. Our results show that even in the case of the very constrained conditions of value-representations (the interval is (-64,+64), the accuracy is 0.002) can result in an effective and acceptable segmentation.
Association of reproductive factors, sedentary behavior, and genetic factors with aging in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative

Author(s): Shadyab, Aladdin Hassan | Advisor(s): LaCroix, Andrea Z. | Abstract: Background: In the United States, the aging population is rapidly growing. By 2060, it is expected that 12 million women will be ages 85 years and older. However, determinants of longevity and healthy aging in women are not fully understood. This dissertation had three objectives: 1) Determine whether ages at menarche and menopause and reproductive lifespan were associated with survival to age 90, termed “exceptional longevity;” 2) Determine whether genetic factors associated with longevity in prior studies among populations of European descent were associated with survival to ages 85 and 90 and healthy aging in white, African-American, and Hispanic women; and 3) Determine whether accelerometer-measured and self-reported sedentary time were associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a purported biomarker of aging, among older women. Methods: Three studies were conducted among participants from the Women’s Health Initiative, a longitudinal study investigating major determinants of chronic diseases in postmenopausal women. Study one was a prospective study among 16,251 women who had potential to survive to age 90 as of August 29, 2014. Study two was a prospective study among 11,154 women who could survive to age 85 as of August 29, 2014 and used genetic data from multiple genome-wide association studies. Study three was a cross-sectional study among 1,481 women with information on either accelerometer-measured or self-reported sedentary time. All studies consisted of racially diverse samples.Results: In study one, the odds of exceptional longevity were elevated among women with later menarche, later menopause, and longer reproductive lifespan. In study two, three variants at APOE were associated with survival to age 90 and healthy aging in white women, and seven variants at a novel locus were associated with survival to age 85 in Hispanic women. In study three, among women at or below the median level of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), higher accelerometer-measured sedentary time was associated with shorter LTL. Among women with higher MVPA levels, sedentary time was not associated with LTL. Conclusions: Findings suggest that reproductive and genetic factors may be associated with late-age survival and that a high level of inactivity may be associated with short LTL.
Efficient PV-grid system integration with PV-voltage-source converter reactive power support

In this work, a complete model for the integration between the Photovoltaic Distributed Generation System (PV-DGS) and the utility grid is simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The aims of this study are to provide active power of a given feeder and to improve the output power quality from the PV-DGS unit. To achieve these aims, Two PV-arrays with total power yield equal to 200 KW are modeled. The maximum power point tracking based on the perturb and observe technique is used to control the DC-DC converter. The voltage source converter is controlled to allow the system to operate in different modes. These modes are the unity output power factor and the reactive power compensation. Different control techniques have been applied including the conventional PI controller as well as the intelligent optimization tuning. A complete comparison between both techniques has been introduced and analyzed.
Queues with slowly varying arrival and service processes

We examine a generalisation of the M/G/1 queue. The arrival and service processes are governed by a Markov chain which determines the rate of arrival and the service time distribution from a finite set. This Markov chain is assumed to vary "slowly", so that we are able to derive analytical results for the stationary distribution of the queue length using an approach based on decomposability. The practical interest of this model stems from the numerous applications where the parameters of queueing systems are time varying, such as inventory models, telephone systems, time-sharing systems, computer networks with bursty traffic, etc. We also show how this approach can be extended to arbitrary networks of queues and in particular to those with product form solution.
Detecting communities from signed network based on local search

Many researchers have begun to study signed networks which are widely existed in real world. In the signed network, the links are labeled the positive or negative sign to represent the active or passive relation between individuals, such as trusted or distrusted relation in social networks. Communities mining is still a great challenge to the domain of signed networks because of negative links. Unlike communities of unsigned networks, positive links mainly occur in the communities and negative links tend to occur between the communities in the signed networks. Nowadays, many methods which are based on global search for signed network community have been raised, and most of these methods require the global information at each iteration. Besides, determining the number of communities is an important problem for current algorithm for the lack of priori knowledge. To address above problems, a novel community detection method based on local information, is proposed for signed networks in this paper. The proposed method mainly includes two steps. In the first step, the number of communities is determined in terms of the centrality of nodes. In the second step, the local objective function is optimized by the local information of nodes, so the global objective function can also be optimized indirectly. Finally, the communities in signed networks are efficiently found. To validate the proposed method, the comparisons are made with other methods in the synthetic and real signed networks. The experimental results indicate that communities in signed networks can be efficiently found by the proposed method.
An assessment of the needs of police officials regarding trauma and trauma intervention programmes : a quantitative approach

As a result of the critical nature of police officials' work, it is of utmost importance that they have direct access to support. The efficacy of the present trauma intervention programmes in the South African Police Service (SAPS) are questioned, because despite the implementation of these programmes, police officials still present high levels of acute and behavioural problems. The objective of this article was to explore the uniqueness of the South African Police Service as a profession, by discussing the continuum of trauma and stress, from the traumatic incidents, basic psychological symptoms, coping mechanisms the exhibition of pathological responses and the experience of trauma intervention programmes in the SAPS. This exploration is important to create guidelines and to make certain recommendations with regard to client-focused programmes for police officials attached to the specialist units in the North-West Province. For purposes of this article, the researcher will firstly concentrate on the problem statement with reference to trauma exposure and trauma intervention programmes in the SAPS, where after the purpose of the study will be explained. The researcher then presents a summary of the research methodology applicable to this study. This article is part of a preliminary study (situation analysis and information collection) that will form the basis for the development, implementation and evaluation of a client-oriented psychosocial therapeutic trauma intervention programme, within the context of the SAPS.
Single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) for GSM networks

This paper presents field trial results for downlink interference cancellation in a live GSM network. Uplink interference cancellation techniques have been developed in the past, which exploit the use of multiple receive antennas. However, downlink techniques are typically limited to just the use of a single receive antenna due to space limitations, cost considerations and aesthetics associated with current mobile station designs. A prototype mobile station, using a low complexity single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) algorithm, was constructed, and used to assess the network gain in both asynchronous and synchronous GSM networks. The performance results measured show that SAIC techniques can provide significant gains in C/I. In addition, network simulations indicate that this same algorithm can support voice capacity gains of 39-57%. Thus, SAIC is seen to be a very viable technology for GSM capacity improvement, which can be realized in the next generation of mobile stations.
Influence Of Rank Of Surgeon On The Outcome Of Cataract surgery in Plateau State Nigeria.

Aim: To evaluate the outcome of cataract surgery in terms of restoration of visual function in the operated eye in relation to the rank and experience of surgeons. Methodology: Four centres were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Consecutive patients, who had cataract extraction from 1 st October 2002 - 31 st March 2003, were recruited. The study instrument was a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Preoperative visual acuity (VA), type of cataract, type of surgery, official rank of surgeon, peri-operative events, postoperative events and physiological outcome were documented. Result: 200 patients were recruited. Mean age was 61.08 years. 219 eyes were operated. 101(46.1%) were operated by consultants, 51(23.3%) by resident doctors and 67(30.6%) by diplomats. Intraoperative complications were encountered in 57 (26%) eyes. Of these 15(26.3%), 16(28.1%), 26(45.6%) eyes were operated by consultants, resident doctors and diplomats respectively. Of 161 eyes re­assessed six weeks after surgery, 86(53.4%) had good outcome (VA=6/18), while 18(11.2%) had poor outcome (VA<6/60) with available correction. 56(68.3%), 18(42.9%), and 12(32.4%) eyes operated by consultants, residents, and diplomats had a good outcome with available correction respectively (p<0.001). Of 125 eyes refracted six weeks after surgery, 92(73.6%) had good outcome while 11(8.8%) had poor outcome with best correction. 65(89.1%), 16(57.1%), and 11(45.8%) eyes operated by consultants, residents and diplomats had a good outcome with best correction respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Resident doctors and diplomates encountered most of the intraoperative complications a
Sparse dictionary learning for resting-state fMRI analysis

Recently, there has been increased interest in the usage of neuroimaging techniques to investigate what happens in the brain at rest. Functional imaging studies have revealed that the default-mode network activity is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is no consensus, as yet, on the choice of analysis method for the application of resting-state analysis for disease classification. This paper proposes a novel compressed sensing based resting-state fMRI analysis tool called Sparse-SPM. As the brain's functional systems has shown to have features of complex networks according to graph theoretical analysis, we apply a graph model to represent a sparse combination of information flows in complex network perspectives. In particular, a new concept of spatially adaptive design matrix has been proposed by implementing sparse dictionary learning based on sparsity. The proposed approach shows better performance compared to other conventional methods, such as independent component analysis (ICA) and seed-based approach, in classifying the AD patients from normal using resting-state analysis.
A Review of Malignant Bone Tumors.

Bone tumors can either be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The latter are more prevalent than the former. The two types of tumor manage to grow and put a pressure on a healthy bone tissue, get absorbed in it, and finally replace the healthy tissue by an unnatural one. Benign tumors which are not spread are seldom life-threatening. A cancer which stems from bones (primary bone cancer) does not resemble a cancer spread throughout bones from other parts of body (secondary bone cancer). Primary bone cancer is scarce. In America, about 2,500 new cases of bone cancer are diagnosed annually. Prevalently, bone cancers occur as a result of the spreading of metastatic cancers in other body organs such as breasts, lungs and prostate. The most prevalent type of bone cancer is called osteosarcoma which appears in new bone tissues which are growing. Another type of bone cancer is chondrosarcoma which arises from cartilage. Ewing’s sarcoma is yet another type of bone cancer which is estimated to stem from immature neural tissues in bone marrow. Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcomaare often prevalent among children and adolescents, while chondrosarcoma is mostly evident in adults. Bone osteosarcoma involves knees, upper parts of arms; chondrosarcoma involves pelvic cartilage and the upper parts of ankles and shoulders; Ewing’s sarcoma in turn involves immature neural tissues often in pelvic bone marrow, upper parts of ankles, ribs and arms. Pain is the most common symptom of bone cancer. Symptoms are dependent on the cancerous organ and also the size of cancer. Tumors appearing in joints or near them cause inflammation or sensitivity in the afflicted area. Moreover, bone cancer disrupts the natural movement of bones and also weakens them. Occasionally, it causes fracture in them. Among its other symptoms are fatigue, fever, loss of weight and anemia. None of these symptoms, though, are definite signs of cancer. They might occur as a result of other non-threatening circumstances. However, they need to be controlled by physicians. Different tests are used to precisely diagnose this disease and examine the form and spread of cancer. These include blood or urine tests and medical imaging methods such as simple radiography, sonography, CT scan, MRI or radionuclide scan (bone scan). In the majority of cases, diagnosing the type of bone tumor depends on extracting part of the afflicted tissue and examine it microscopically. Several methods are used to treat bone tumors. It needs to be mentioned that to treat some of these tumors especially the malignant, more than one method is used simultaneously or consecutively. The key therapeutic methods for bone tumors are radiotherapy,
Análisis y procesamiento de la diátesis de los verbos de cambio en gallego

Partiendo de la hipotesis de que el significado de los lexemas determina sus caracteristicas sintacticas, y en concreto, de que los verbos englobados en un grupo semantico deben participar en las mismas alternancias, comparamos el comportamiento diatetico de los verbos de cambio en ingles con el de sus equivalentes en gallego. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos, proponemos una tipificacion de las diatesis de los verbos de cambio en gallego, asi como la codificacion de esta informacion en el lexico de una manera estructurada y no redundante, mediante la implementacion de una red lexica con herencia multiple en el lenguaje formal DATR. Asimismo, aportamos algunas reflexiones acerca de la viabilidad de la caracterizacion de los verbos mediante su clasificacion en clases segun criterios semanticos y sintacticos.