Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing breastfeeding duration.

BACKGROUND Breastfeeding (BF) is well recognised as the best food for infants. The impact of antenatal BF education on the duration of BF has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal BF education for increasing BF initiation and duration. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (21 April 2010), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to April 2010) and SCOPUS (January 1985 to April 2010). We contacted experts and searched reference lists of retrieved articles. We updated the search of the Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register on 28 September 2011 and added the results to the awaiting classification section of the review. SELECTION CRITERIA All identified published, unpublished and ongoing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of formal antenatal BF education or comparing two different methods of formal antenatal BF education, on duration of BF. We excluded RCTs that also included intrapartum or postpartum BF education. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We assessed all potential studies identified as a result of the search strategy. Two review authors extracted data from each included study using the agreed form and assessed risk of bias. We resolved discrepancies through discussion. MAIN RESULTS We included 17 studies with 7131 women in the review and 14 studies involving 6932 women contributed data to the analyses. We did not do any meta-analysis because there was only one study for each comparison.Five studies compared a single method of BF education with routine care. Peer counselling significantly increased BF initiation.Three studies compared one form of BF education versus another. No intervention was significantly more effective than another intervention in increasing initiation or duration of BF.Seven studies compared multiple methods versus a single method of BF education. Combined BF educational interventions were not significantly better than a single intervention in initiating or increasing BF duration. However, in one trial a combined BF education significantly reduced nipple pain and trauma.One study compared different combinations of interventions. There was a marginally significant increase in exclusive BF at six months in women receiving a booklet plus video plus lactation consultation (LC) compared with the booklet plus video only.Two studies compared multiple methods of BF education versus routine care. The combination of BF booklet plus video plus LC was significantly better than routine care for exclusive BF at three months. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Because there were significant methodological limitations and the observed effect sizes were small, it is not appropriate to recommend any antenatal BF education.There is an urgent need to conduct RCTs study with adequate power to evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal BF education.
Energy-Efficient Elastic Optical Interconnect Architecture for Data Centers

To address the urgent need for high-capacity, scalable and energy-efficient data center solutions, we propose a novel data center network architecture realized by combining broadcast-and-select approach with elastic channel spacing technology. We demonstrate that the proposed architecture is able to scale efficiently with the number of servers and offers lower energy consumption at a competitive cost compared to the existing solutions.
A Distributed Massive MIMO Testbed to Assess Real-World Performance and Feasibility

This paper introduces a novel 128-element sub-6 GHz Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) testbed being developed by the University of Bristol in collaboration with National Instruments and Lund University as part of the BIO (Bristol is Open) city testbed. Distributed Massive MIMO systems avoid large single-piece antenna facets and their associated windage problems and also offer greater spatial diversity, but node synchronization and phase alignment becomes more challenging. Simulated network performance of a co-located 128-element 3D Multi-User MIMO system at a possible test site in Bristol are presented based on our 3D channel propagation model.
Adaptive Fuzzy High-Order Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller for Uncertain Robotic Manipulator

Abstract This paper presents a novel adaptive fuzzy high-order super-twisting sliding mode controller, based on the modified super-twisting control (STC), to achieve accurate trajectory tracking for a robotic manipulator with unknown structured uncertainties, parametric uncertainties, and time-varying external disturbances. Initially, a non-linear homogeneous sliding manifold is designed to achieve finite-time convergence, better robustness, and good transient characteristics. Afterwards, conventional STC is modified with the new sliding surface that eliminates the limitation of STC application only on relative degree 1 systems. Moreover, two adaptive fuzzy systems are designed to replace the STC signals for handling the chattering problem and overestimating the controller gains. These fuzzy systems are continuously adjusted by two adaptation laws that are deduced from the Lyapunov stability theory. These adaptive laws need only a sliding surface variable as an input and generate the optimal controller gains as an output. The finite-time convergence and stability of the proposed controller is analyzed by the homogeneous Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, to show the efficacy of the proposed method, the controller is simulated on a 2-degree-of-freedom planar robotic manipulator to obtain the accurate trajectory tracking. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed control scheme in the presence of structured and unstructured uncertainties.
Transient receptor potential channel: a reality that still requires many years of scientific efforts

Seventeen years have elapsed since the capsaicin receptor was first cloned by Caterina et al. [1] and the excellent review with an unusual provocative title by Deruyver et al. [2] was written. The capsaicin channel, re-named transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1), is now commonly referred to as the founding member of the TRP family, as it currently includes 28 related channels, a number difficult to foresee in those early years [3].
Analysis and minimization of the input current ripple of Interleaved Boost Converter

This paper proposes a new method to quantify the input current ripple cancellation effect of Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) and derives an universal formula to quantify the input current ripple waveform of IBC. The practical factors that affect the input current ripple are presented and the comprehensive design of the input current ripple minimization of IBC is discussed based on this universal formula and the other practical factors. Simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.
Speech Recognition System for Windows Commands

To develop a system to recognize system commands through voice and convert it into equivalent text, the system accepts voice commands from user and displays its equivalent text. The system accepts voice commands, performs processing on it to recognize the actual command before displaying the corresponding output. For this particular system processing being done are noise removal, feature extraction and pattern matching. Various features are available. These are totally application dependent i.e. for a particular application particular feature is being extracted. Hence performing this various processing, text format of equivalent voice command is being displayed. To accept the voice commands User Must use a good quality microphone. The voice commands is being recorded and saved as a . wav file. Wav file is being used because it stores the data in the digital form. Initially the features of each command would be saved in a file. Once the ‗init‘ is recognized the system will then wait for the users commands. On getting a command the system will save the input as a . wav file. The features of this command are then matched against the predefined command features. If the match is found the command is a valid one. It then displays its text form. If the command is not valid it simply discards it.
Distribution-Dependent Performance of the Good-Turing Estimator for the Missing Mass

The Good-Turing estimator for the missing mass has certain bias and concentration properties which define its performance. In this paper we give distribution-dependent conditions under which this performance can or cannot be matched by a trivial estimator, that is one which does not depend on observation. We introduce the notion of accrual function for a distribution, and derive our conditions from the fact that the latter governs the decay rate of the mean of the missing mass. These results shed light on the inner workings of the Good-Turing estimator, and explain why it applies particularly well for heavy-tailed distributions such as those that arise when modeling natural language.
Photonic Microwave and mm-Wave Mixer for Multichannel Fiber Transmission

Photonic microwave and millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency conversion is a promising technique for future electronic systems due to its large bandwidth, electromagnetic immunity, and compatibility with other optical systems. However, the conversion gain of a photonic mixer is often low and may be further reduced by the fiber dispersion. In this paper, a photonic microwave and mm-wave mixer using an integrated polarization division multiplexing Mach–Zehnder modulator (PDM-MZM) is proposed, which exhibits the merits of high conversion gain, high purity, and compensation of the power fading in multichannel fiber transmission. By suppressing the optical carrier and optimizing the modulation index, the conversion gain and isolation are respectively improved by 27.6 and 55.3 dB in the experiment. After power compensation, high and relatively flat microwave and mm-wave signals from 12 to 45 GHz are obtained after transmission over 25-km fiber. In addition, an up-converted 38-GHz mm-wave signal carrying 100-MSym/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) vector signal is simultaneously transmitted over four channels with different fiber length (back to back, 4, 25, and 50 km). The power fading in each channel can be independently compensated, and good electrical spectra, constellation diagrams, and receiver sensitivity are obtained.
Rethinking the Exercise Electrocardiogram

ECG changes during exercise-induced myocardial ischemia have been recognized for three quarters of a century, and exercise provocation of ST segment depression has been a widely used method for the diagnosis and assessment of coronary artery disease for well over 50 years.1,2 The exercise ECG is relatively inexpensive, widely accessible, and technically simple. In many circumstances, it can provide useful guidance regarding the presence, severity, and prognosis of coronary disease in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with varying levels of pretest risk. However, it does so imperfectly. There are a number of problems that affect the utilization and interpretation of the test. Everyone has heard of someone who has had a myocardial infarction the week after a normal exercise test; what could be a more obvious indication of test fallibility? Some of these problems are likely unresolvable, while others may be solvable, but either way, they highlight a need to rethink the exercise ECG. Some of the following thoughts will find support in standard references,3–9 while others remain opinions.10–12 Demand-related myocardial ischemia is not a prerequisite for acute coronary events. It is catastrophic disruption of nonobstructive plaque that underlies the blood flow deficit in most forms of acute coronary syndrome. The traditional hypothesis that progressively obstructive coronary lesions cause progressively significant anginal symptoms, and then infarction, is true only occasionally. This cannot serve as a reasonable model for exercise test interpretation, and it is a limitation, but not a flaw, of the exercise ECG. Absence of functionally obstructive disease prior to the sentinel event is why approximately half of acute infarctions, often with sudden death, occur in patients with no prior angina. Accordingly, the normal exercise ECG
In-Network Packet Scheduling and Rate Allocation: A Content Delivery Perspective

We investigate two important problems in media delivery via active network agents. First, we consider streaming multiple video assets over a shared backbone network through an intermediate proxy-server to a set of receiving clients. The proxy is located at the junction of the backbone network and the last hop to each of the clients and coordinates the delivery of the videos from the origin media server to the clients. We propose an optimization framework that enables the proxy to coordinate the streaming process such that the overall end-to-end performance of the video streams is maximized for the given data rate resources on the backbone and the last hop links. Prospective video quality requirements for the associated media sessions are also taken into consideration in the analysis. Through experiments, we study in detail the operation of the framework and the influence of the various constraints that it considers. Furthermore, we measure its performance gains relative to a sender-driven system where the media server controls the delivery of the data with no assistance from an intervening proxy. We establish an analytical relationship between the relative improvement of the proxy-based system, the network conditions on the backbone and the last hops, and the number of streams served. The gains of the proxy-driven system measured in our experiments closely match their expected values predicted by this relationship. In conjunction with the above scenario, we explore the performance gains due to multi-agent packet scheduling where there are multiple active nodes organizing the packet transmissions along the network path between a server-client pair. To this end, we design an optimization framework that coordinates the multiple scheduling agents such that an end-to-end quality-rate performance metric is maximized. We study experimentally the performance benefits due to multi-agent scheduling relative to single-agent scheduling and conventional server-driven streaming, as a function of the number of intermediate nodes at which the packet scheduling is carried out. We quantify analytically the performance gains and match them with high accuracy to the simulation data.
Ethanol exposure in early adolescence inhibits intrinsic neuronal plasticity via sigma-1 receptor activation in hippocampal CA1 neurons.

BACKGROUND We demonstrated previously that rats exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapors in early adolescence show increased magnitudes of long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory transmission when recorded at dendritic synapses in hippocampus. Large amplitude LTP following CIE exposure is mediated by sigma-1 receptors; however, not yet addressed is the role of sigma-1 receptors in modulating the intrinsic properties of neurons to alter their action potential firing during LTP. METHODS Activity-induced plasticity of spike firing was investigated using rat hippocampal slice recordings to measure changes in both field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and population spikes (pop. spikes) concomitantly at dendritic inputs and soma of CA1 pyramidal neurons, respectively. RESULTS We observed unique modifications in plasticity of action potential firing in hippocampal slices from CIE exposed adolescent rats, where the induction of large amplitude LTP by 100 Hz stimulations was accompanied by reduced CA1 neuronal excitability--reflected as decreased pop. spike efficacy and impaired activity-induced fEPSP-to-spike (E-S) potentiation. In contrast, LTP induction in ethanol-naïve control slices resulted in increased spike efficacy and robust E-S potentiation. E-S potentiation impairments emerged at 24 hours after CIE treatment cessation, but not before the alcohol withdrawal period, and were restored with bath-application of the sigma-1 receptor selective antagonist BD1047, but not the NMDA receptor antagonist d-AP5. Further evidence revealed a significantly shortened somatic fEPSP time course in adolescent CIE-withdrawn hippocampal slices during LTP; however, paired-pulse data show no apparent correspondence between E-S dissociation and altered recurrent feedback inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Results here suggest that acute withdrawal from adolescent CIE exposure triggers sigma-1 receptors that act to depress the efficacy of excitatory inputs in triggering action potentials during LTP. Such withdrawal-induced depression of E-S plasticity in hippocampus probably entails sigma-1 receptor modulation of 1 or several voltage-gated ion channels controlling the neuronal input-output dynamics.
The Use of System Dynamics Modelling in Improving Construction Safety

The construction project has a predetermined date of delivery, is subject to one or several performance goals, and consists of a number of complex activities. These characteristics make the construction industry one of the most hazardous industries, resulting in high rates of accidents. The main cause of construction accidents is viewed as the direct result of having a poor safety culture. Much attention has been paid to organizational safety culture, and to the development of tools for monitoring its health, in order to identify areas for safety improvement. This paper aims to develop the construction safety culture (CSC) dynamic model, utilizing the system dynamics (SD) modeling, to capture the interactions among key factors of CSC over a period of time. The CSC index, developed through SD modeling, is used to measure the level of CSC maturity, and identify areas for safety improvement. Furthermore, dynamic simulations for two organizations are performed, and simulation results are investigated. The organizations could also perform a number of policy experiments to underline areas for safety improvement, and select the best policy that matches its situation.
A Revisit of Refractive Index Profiles Design for Reduction of Positive Dispersion, Splice Loss, and Enhancement of Negative Dispersion in Optical Transmission Lines

Loss and dispersion are two crucial parameters to be determined as low as possible while designing optical fibers as optical transmission lines. In designing dispersion shifted fibers, one has to reduce the core diameter to smaller than unshifted single mode fiber (USMF) at 1550 nm wavelength region. This issue causes the nonlinear phenomenon of four wave mixing (FWM) to appear at 1550 nm. One of the approaches to reduce the effectiveness of the FWM is to shift the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) to some other wavelength in the third window of optical fiber communication. Dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) with high negative dispersion are used in wavelength division multiplexing systems for neutralization of pulse spread in transmission fibers for higher system capacity. One of the approaches of securing a high negative dispersion is to change the refractive index profile of DCFs. In this paper, by using Optifiber software, the shifting of the ZDW is made by varying the refractive index profile of a USMF, then the designed profile is optimized for low dispersion and splice loss. The obtained results show that in designed profile the effective mode field diameter is reduced, which can effectively reduce the splice loss. In another attempt, the parameters of different DCF profiles are optimized to enhance negative dispersion of about -710 ps/nm.km, which is 5 times higher than the reported experimental results.
A novel core‐stateless ABR‐like congestion avoidance scheme in IP networks

We propose a novel explicit rate‐based congestion avoidance scheme. The scheme is similar to ATM available bit rate (ABR) services but its complexity is largely reduced to enable implementation in IP networks. In our proposed scheme, sources can adapt their sending rate according to network status. Adaptation of sending rates converges to max–min fairness with minimal rate guarantee. Furthermore, routers do not maintain per flow state; they use FIFO packet scheduling enhanced by an explicit rate feedback mechanism with estimations, including number of active flows, number of bounded flows and total bounded rate, based on a simple algorithm motivated by Bloom filter. We present and discuss simulations on the performance under various network conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Impact of Migraine

Summary Migraine is a remarkably disabling condition, although unpredictable and heterogeneous in frequency, duration and severity. It can be difficult to manage in primary care, where it is under-recognised, under-diagnosed and under-treated. Proposals have been made that migraine care could be improved by incorporating assessments of migraine impact into management strategies. Research has shown that measuring headache-related disability, together with assessments of pain intensity, headache frequency, tiredness, mood alterations and cognition can be used to assess the impact of migraine on sufferers’ lives and society. From this research, two simple and brief impact tools were developed: the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire and the Headache Impact Test (HIT). Both tools are scientifically valid measures of migraine severity and have the potential to improve communication between patients and their physicians, assess migraine severity and act as outcome measures to monitor treatment efficacy. Each of these tools offers its own advantages. For example, HIT was designed for greater accessibility (on the Internet at www.headachetest.com and www.amIhealthy.com, and as a paper-based form known as HIT-6) and has a wider coverage of the spectrum of headache than MIDAS. Impact tools are also being increasingly recommended as part of generalised headache management guidelines to produce an individualised treatment plan for each patient in concert with other clinical assessments. It is not possible as yet to recommend unequivocally the optimal impact tool for use in primary care, but it should be usable by GPs, pharmacists, nurses and patients, and for research purposes.
A circularly polarized microstrip-fed T-slot antenna

This paper reports a study of a microstrip-fed T-type slot antenna for circular polarization. Two narrow slots are connected together in the T-type form and this T-slot antenna can be fed by a single microstrip line on the other side of the substrate for circular polarization. Ansoft's Ensemble was used to model the return loss and axial ratio of this T-slot antenna. It is demonstrated that this simple T-type slot antenna with a single microstrip feed line can provide 12 percent bandwidth for 10 dB return loss and 5.5 percent bandwidth for 6 dB axial ratio. Measured results for the return loss agree well with the simulated ones by Ensemble.