Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Relationships among Head Blight Resistant Cultivars of Wheat Assessed on the Basis of Molecular Markers

Wheat head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwab) can dramatically reduce grain yield and quality. Breeding for resistance is an effective measure of disease control. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with various levels of Type II resistance have been reported worldwide; however, the genetic relationships among the cultivars with different origins are not well characterized. Sixty-five wheat cultivars from eight countries varying in head blight resistance levels were evaluated for Type II resistance and for genetic diversity on the basis of 322 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker alleles. Cluster analysis using AFLP and SSR markers indicated that two Japanese landraces and most of the cultivars that relate to 'Ning 7840' aarry the Ning 7840 marker alleles that are tightly linked to the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3BS. However, banding patterns of the markers linked to the major QTL in Ning 7840 were different from most of the Chinese landraces and those that originated from countries other than China and Japan. DNA fingerprinting data suggested that Chinese landrace Taiwan Wheat may be the donor of the QTL on chromosome 3BS. Combining the major QTL from Ning 7840 and other sources may facilitate pyramiding of different QTL. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) based on AFLPs and SSRs provided the best estimate of genetic relationships among wheat accessions studied. The result indicates that U.S. cultivars are more closely related to cultivars from Europe and Argentina than cultivars from Asia; therefore, integrating head blight resistance QTL from Asian sources into US wheat may increase the genetic diversity in U.S. wheat.
Are There Civic Returns to Education

The hypothesized effects of educational attainment on adult civic engagement and attitudes provide some of the most important justifications for government intervention in the market for education. In this study, I present evidence on whether these externalities exist. I assess and implement two strategies for identifying the effects of educational attainment. One is based on the availability of junior and community colleges; the other, on changes in teen exposure to child labor laws. The results suggest that educational attainment has large and statistically significant effects on subsequent voter participation and support for free speech. I also find that additional schooling appears to increase the quality of civic knowledge as measured by the frequency of newspaper readership
Genetic Variation in Blood Pressure and Lifetime Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Aims: We aimed to estimate the effect of blood pressure and blood pressure lowering medications (via genetic proxies) on peripheral artery disease. Methods and Results: GWAS summary statistics were obtained for BP (International Consortium for Blood Pressure + UK Biobank GWAS; N = up to 757,601 individuals), peripheral artery disease (PAD; VA Million Veteran Program; N = 24,009 cases, 150,983 controls), and coronary artery disease (CAD; CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes; N = 60,801 cases, 123,504 controls). Genetic correlations between systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP) and CAD and PAD were estimated using LD score regression. The strongest correlation was between SBP and CAD (rg = 0.36; p = 3.9 x 10-18). Causal effects were estimated by two-sample MR using a range of pleiotropy-robust methods. Increased SBP, DBP, and PP increased risk of both PAD (SBP OR 1.25 [1.19-1.31] per 10mmHg increase, p = 3 x 10-18; DBP OR 1.27 [1.17-1.39], p = 4 x 10-8; PP OR 1.51 [1.38-1.64], p = 1 x 10-20) and CAD (SBP OR 1.37 [1.29-1.45], p = 2 x 10-24; DBP OR 1.6 [1.45-1.76], p = 7 x 10-22; PP OR 1.56 [1.4-1.75], p = 1 x 10-15). The effects of SBP and DBP were greater for CAD than PAD (pdiff = 0.024 for SBP, pdiff = 4.9 x 10-4 for DBP). Increased liability to PAD increased PP (beta = 1.04 [0.62-1.45] mmHg per 1 unit increase in log-odds in liability to PAD, p = 1 x 10-6). MR was also used to estimate the effect of BP lowering through different classes of antihypertensive medications using genetic instruments containing BP-trait associated variants located within genes encoding protein targets of each medication. SBP lowering via calcium channel blocker-associated variants was protective of CAD (OR 0.38 per 10mmHg decrease in SBP; 95% CI 0.19-0.77; p = 0.007). Conclusions: Higher BP is likely to cause both PAD and CAD but may have a larger effect on CAD risk. BP-lowering through calcium-channel blockers (as proxied by genetic variants) decreased risk of CAD.
COVID-19: Estimation of the Actual Onset of Local Epidemic Cycles, Determination of Total Number of Infective, and Duration of the Incubation Period

Background: Most studies of the epidemic cycles of the pandemic of Sars-CoV-2, or COVID-19 as it became known, define the beginning of specific cycles in countries from the laboratory identification of the first cases of infection, however, there is the awareness that cycles may have started earlier, without proper identification. This influences all the parameters that govern the statistical models used for controlling the infection. Purpose: This work proposes two models based on experimental data. The Logistic Model it is used to obtain three parameters of the epidemic cycle of COVID-19, namely: the final count for the total infected, the daily infection rate and the lag time. Complimentary, a novel inventory model is proposed to calculate the number of infective persons, as well as to determine the incubation period. Methods: The data on epidemic cycles of Germany, Italy, and Sweden are treated previously by the Moving Average Method with Initial value (MAMI), then a variation of the Logistic Model, obtained through curve-fitting, is used to obtain the three parameters. The inventory model is introduced to calculate the actual number of infected persons and the behavior of the incubation period is analyzed. Results: After comparing data from the three countries it is possible to determine the actual probable dates of the beginning of the epidemic cycles for each one, determine the size of the incubation period, as well as to determine the total number of infective persons during the cycle. Conclusions: The actual probable dates of the beginning of the epidemic cycles in the countries analyzed are determined, the total number of infected is determined, and it is statistically proven that the incubation cycle for Sars-CoV-2 is five days.
Silique shatter resistance and correlation analysis in Brassica napus

Silique shatter strength(SSS) of 286 Brassica napus varieties(lines) was measured using a modified fracture method.Results indicated a wide variation in silique shattering resistance among these accessions.Among 146 hybrid varieties' SSS values,3(2.05%) were less than 1N,96(65.75%) were between 1 to 2N,47(32.19%) were between 2 to 3N,no hybrid was found having more than 3N of SSS.The SSS of hybrids ranged between 0.82 to 2.87N,with an average of 1.83N,and CV(coefficient of variation) of 22.11%. Among 140conventional varieties,6(4.29%) were less than 1N,76(54.29%) were between 1 to 2N,49(35%) were between 2 to 3N,and 9(6.42%) were more than 3N.The SSS of conventional varieties ranged between 0.58 to3.47N,with an average of 1.94N,and CV of 31.55%. Correlations between SSS and silique-and seed-related traits showed that the SSS had highly significant positive correlations with single silique weight,unit area weight of silique wall,and 1 000-seed weight.And it had significant positive correlations with seed per silique and silique width.Analysis of the relations between hybrids and its restorers illustrated that the hybrid SSS had significant positive correlations with silique width,single silique weight,unit area weight of silique wall,and 1 000-seed weight of the restorer.Results indicated that silique size affected shattering trait.Rapeseed with large silique,thick wall and heavy seeds might have higher resistance to silique shattering.And large silique and heavy seeds of restorer lines would provide greater benefit to the shattering resistance of hybrids.
Oncogenic pathway driven by p85β: upstream signals to activate p110

ABSTRACT The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which is composed of the p85 regulatory and p110 catalytic subunits, is known to be downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Our recent findings revealed that p85β increases the protein level of AXL (an RTK) to activate p110, suggesting bidirectional regulation between PI3K and RTK.
A Novel Dataset for Fake Android Anti-Malware Detection

Today in the world people are able to get all types of Android applications (apps) from the app store or various sources over the Internet. A large number of apps is being produced daily, some of which are infected with malware. Thus, the use of anti-malware identification tools is essential. At the same time, a number of attackers who exploit a number of anti-malwares have been doing obtaining information from mobile phones in various ways, such as decompiling or infecting anti-malware. Therefore, in this paper, we developed a classification dataset from collected anti-malware data looking for fraudulent anti-malware products. Additionally, we applied various machine learning algorithms and we propose a combination of algorithms which provides high accuracy over various evaluation tests, showing that our approach is both practical and effective.
BREXIT: Psychometric Profiling the Political Salubrious through Machine Learning: Predicting personality traits of Boris Johnson through Twitter political text

Whilst the CIA have been using psychometric profiling for decades, Cambridge Analytica showed that peoples psychological characteristics can be accurately predicted from their digital footprints, such as their Facebook or Twitter accounts. To exploit this form of psychological assessment from digital footprints, we propose machine learning methods for assessing political personality from Twitter. We have extracted the tweet content of Prime Minster Boris Johnsons Twitter account and built three predictive personality models based on his Twitter political content. We use a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural network, a Naive Bayes multinomial model and a Support Machine Vector model to predict the OCEAN model which consists of the Big Five personality factors from a sample of 3355 political tweets. The approach vectorizes political tweets, then it learns word vector representations as embeddings from spaCy that are then used to feed a supervised learner classifier. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by measuring the quality of the predictions for each trait per model from a classification algorithm. Our findings show that all three models compute the personality trait "Openness" with the Support Machine Vector model achieving the highest accuracy. "Extraversion" achieved the second highest accuracy personality score by the Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network and Support Machine Vector model.
Tapering practices of elite CrossFit athletes

This is the first study to document the training and tapering practices of elite CrossFit athletes. Seventy-two CrossFit athletes (39 females, 33 males) (mean ±SD; 26.5 ± 3.6 y, 167.1 ± 9.5 cm, 74.5 ± 12.7 kg, 12.8 ± 6.5 y general training, 5.4 ± 1.7 y CrossFit training) who competed at the “Regionals” level or higher in the 2018 CrossFit Games season completed a self-reported 5-page online survey. Almost all athletes (98.6%) tapered before important competitions. Taper length was 5.4 ± 2.7 days, with the step and linear tapering styles being most commonly utilised. Strength training volume peaked 5.1 ± 4.6 weeks before competition, whereas conditioning training volume peaked 4.0 ± 4.4 weeks before competition. Strength training intensity peaked 3.1 ± 2.4 weeks before competition, whereas conditioning training intensity peaked 2.8 ± 2.2 weeks before competition. Almost all athletes (90.0%) reduced training duration during tapering, but changes to frequency and intensity were mixed. Training volume decreased by 41.2 ± 15.5% during the taper, all training ceased 2.0 ± 1.1 days before competition. Tapering was performed to achieve peak performance, recover (physically and psychologically), and reduce feelings of fatigue. Poor results from tapering were experienced when athletes tapered for too long or insufficiently. This observational data may be valuable for coaches and athletes engaged in CrossFit as well as other sports with concurrent training and competition demands.
On-Line Pricing

The importance of electronic hotel-distribution routes has grown substantially in recent years. According to statistics quoted in the Horwath Worldwide Hotel Industry Studies, direct reservations fell from approximately 39 percent in 1995 to 33 percent in 1999, with the shift in sales going almost exclusively to electronic channels. While hotels continue to make extensive use of travel-agent-oriented global distribution systems (GDSs), consumer adoption of the internet as a reliable and secure commerce medium has prompted a change in the way in which hotel rooms are being distributed. The internet has dramatically changed the way people communicate, research information, and buy goods and services. Travel products in particular have proven to be suitable for sale on line. The typical internet user—an affluent, frequent Most large hotel companies offer consistent room rates on their web sites and via third-party reservation systems, except for luxury operators.
Protective Immune Responses Elicited by Deglycosylated Live-Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Are Associated with IL-15 Effector Functions

Key Points Deglycosylated SIV vaccine elicited protective response against heterologous SIV. SIV-specific CD8+ T cells did not account for the protective response. IL-15–responding NK and CD8+ T cells were associated with the protective response. Deglycosylated, live-attenuated SIV vaccines elicited protective immune responses against heterologous SIVsmE543-3, which differs from the vaccine strain SIVmac239 to levels similar to those across HIV-1 clades. Two thirds of the vaccinees contained the chronic SIVsmE543-3 infection (controllers), whereas one third did not (noncontrollers). In this study, we investigated immune correlates of heterologous challenge control in rhesus macaques of Burmese origin. Because depletion of CD8+ cells in the controllers by administration of anti-CD8α Ab abrogated the control of viral replication, CD8+ cells were required for the protective immune response. However, classical SIV-specific CD8+ T cells did not account for the protective immune response in all controllers. Instead, IL-15–responding CD8α+ cells, including CD8+ T and NK cells, were significantly higher in the controllers than those in the noncontrollers, before and after vaccination with deglycosylated SIV. It is well established that IL-15 signal transduction occurs through “trans-presentation” in which IL-15 complexed with IL-15Rα on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells binds to IL-15 Rβ/γ expressed on CD8+ T and NK cells. Accordingly, levels of IL-15 stimulation were strongly affected by the depletion of monocytes from PBMCs, implying key roles of innate immune cells. These results suggest that intrinsic IL-15 responsiveness may dictate the outcome of protective responses and may lead to optimized formulations of future broadly protective HIV vaccines.
ArhGAP15, a RacGAP, Acts as a Temporal Signaling Regulator of Mac-1 Affinity in Sterile Inflammation

Key Points Deficiency of ArhGAP15 leads to increased affinity of integrin Mac-1 on leukocytes. ArhGAP15 affects leukocyte recruitment by control of postadhesion steps. During inflammation, leukocyte recruitment has to be tightly controlled to prevent overwhelming leukocyte infiltration, activation, and, consequently, organ damage. A central regulator of leukocyte recruitment is Rac1. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the RacGAP ArhGAP15 on leukocyte recruitment. Using ArhGAP15-deficient mice, reduced neutrophil adhesion and transmigration in the TNF-α–inflamed cremaster muscle and a prolongation of chemokine-dependent leukocyte adhesion could be observed. In a murine model of sterile kidney injury, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and serum creatinine levels were apparent. Further in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed a defective intravascular crawling capacity, resulting from increased affinity of the β2-integrin Mac-1 after prolonged chemokine stimulation of neutrophils. LFA-1 activity regulation was not affected. Summarizing, ArhGAP15 specifically regulates Mac-1, but not LFA-1, and affects leukocyte recruitment by controlling postadhesion strengthening and intravascular crawling in a Mac-1–dependent manner. In conclusion, ArhGAP15 is involved in the time-dependent regulation of leukocyte postadhesion in sterile inflammation.
Sequence–Activity Relationships for the Snf7 Insecticidal dsRNA in Chrysomelidae

The responsiveness of insects to oral delivery of insecticidal dsRNA has been shown to be dependent on dsRNA length and sequence match. Previous work with the western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) demonstrated that at least one ≥21 nt match must be present in the DvSnf7 dsRNA of approximately ≥60 base-pairs (bp) for activity. Further data is needed on the activity of <21 nt matches along with characterization of relationship between activity and the number of ≥21 nt matches. To characterize the sequence–activity relationship for insecticidal dsRNA further, the activity of orthologous Snf7 dsRNAs with 19, 20, and 21 nt contiguous matches against WCR was compared. Neither 19 nor 20 nt sequence matches were active, supporting that a ≥21 nt sequence match is required for activity. The relationship between the number of 21 nt matches with activity of Snf7 dsRNA orthologs from several Chrysomelid species was characterized using WCR and Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). For WCR, there was a strong relationship between an increasing number of 21 nt matches and increased activity (i.e., lower LC50 values). A similar relationship was observed for CPB with an exception for a single ortholog, which may be related to the exceptionally high rate of polymorphisms in CPB. Overall, these results demonstrate a general relationship between the number of 21 nt matches and activity, and this relationship could be used to inform a testing and assessment plan for an ecological risk assessment for an insecticidal dsRNA.
TRIAGE: Temporal Twitter attribute graph patterns

Given a node-attributed network of Twitter users, can we capture their posting behavior over time and identify patterns that could probably describe, model or predict their activity? Based on the assumption that the posts of these users are topic-specific, can we identify temporal connectivity patterns that emerge from the use of specific attributes? More challengingly, are there any particular attribute usage patterns which indicate an inherent anomaly either for users or attributes? Our study attempts to provide solid answers to all the above questions, extending previous work on other social networks and attribute types. We propose TRIAGE, a pipeline of methods which: (a) identify temporal behavioral patterns in individual attribute distributions, (b) model the temporal evolution of attribute induced graphs and (c) detect irregular attributes and users based on the patterns identified earlier; More specifically, we model the attribute distributions using the log-Odds ratio, we provide explanations with respect to the attribute induced subgraph patterns and we observe the structural differences of attribute induced subgraphs based on these patterns. Experimental results show that: most of the individual attribute distributions remain stable over time following mostly power laws norm; the temporal evolution of attribute induced graphs obey certain laws and deviations are outliers; finally, we discover that we can indeed identify the structure of each subgraph, based on the emerging patterns. Real dataset experiments on 50K Twitter users activities and attributes has successfully proven that TRIAGE has effectively identified Twitter user and attribute behavioral patterns and can identify irregular activities for users and anomalous graph structures for attribute induced subgraphs.
EEG for Diagnosis of Adult ADHD: A Systematic Review With Narrative Analysis

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and or impulsivity. Since the development of the concept, a reliable biomarker to aid diagnosis has been sought. One potential method is the use of electroencephalogram to measure neuronal activity. The aim of this review is to provide an up to date synthesis of the literature surrounding the potential use of electroencephalogram for diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adulthood. Methods A search of PsycINFO, PubMed, and EMBASE was undertaken in February 2019 for peer-reviewed articles exploring electroencephalogram patterns in adults (18 years with no upper limit) diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results Differences in electroencephalogram activity are potentially unique to adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder populations. Strongest support was derived for elevated levels of both absolute and relative theta power, alongside the observation that alpha activity is able to typically differentiate between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normative populations. Conclusions Electroencephalogram can have a use in clinical settings to aid adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, but areas of inconsistency are apparent.