Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding depression and inbreeding avoidance in a natural population of guppies (Poecilia reticulata).

Maintenance of genetic variation in the face of strong natural selection is a long-standing problem in evolutionary biology. One of the most extreme examples of within-population variation is the polymorphic, genetically determined color pattern of male Trinidad guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Female mating preference for rare or novel patterns has been implicated as a factor in maintaining this variation. The origin of this preference is not understood, although inbreeding avoidance has been proposed as a mechanism. Inbreeding avoidance is advantageous when populations exhibit inbreeding depression and the opportunity for mating between relatives exists. To determine whether these conditions are met in a natural guppy population, we assessed mating and reproductive patterns using polymorphic molecular markers. Females produced more offspring with less-related males than with more-related ones. In addition, females were more likely to have mated with lessrelated males, but this trend was only marginally significant. Male heterozygosity was positively correlated with mating success and with the number of offspring sired, consistent with strong inbreeding depression for adult male fitness. These results provide substantial insight into mating patterns of a wild guppy population: strong inbreeding depression occurs, and individuals tend to avoid mating with relatives.
Alpine and Apennine barriers determining the differentiation of the rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) in the Italian peninsula

– A phylogeographic study of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus L. (Pisces: cyprinidae) was addressed to determine the differentiation of Italian populations in relation to the presence of mountain barriers, which identify two biogeographic districts (Padano-Venetian, Tuscano-Latium). At this scope, 409 bp long sequences of mtDNa cytochrome b gene were obtained from Italian and central European samples. Italian rudds phylogeny showed low level of divergence which although resulted from the central European haplotypes. The genetic structure of haplotypes in the studied districts revealed a significant recent fragmentation event. The Padano-Venetian populations showed patterns of past range expansion caused by the specie dispersion by river connections occurred during Pleistocene. This pattern provides evidence for (i) the role of Alps as a barrier for rudd dispersion; (ii) a significant genetic structure among the studied districts related to recent isolation events by the Apennine barrier; (iii) the role of Pleistocene sea level variations in determining phylogeography of the Padano-Venetian populations. Resumen 1 Desarrollamos un estudio filo-geografico de Scardinius erythophthalmus con el fin de determinar diferencias entre poblaciones italianas y establecer posibles relaciones con las barreras orograficas que separan dos distritos bio-geograficos. Con este fin, analizamos 91 individuos de 15 localidades con tecnicas de secuenciacion 409 bp del gen cyt. b (mtDNA). 2 En la peninsula italiana, S. erythropthalmus mostro un bajo nivel de divergencia pero distinta de los haplotipos de Europa central. La estructura genetica de los haplotipos de los distritos estudiados revelo una fragmentacion reciente. Las poblaciones del distrito Padano-Veneciano evidenciaron una antigua expansion que pudo deberse a conexiones fluviales durante el Pleistoceno. 3 Los patrones observados nos permiten concluir en que: (A) Los Alpes jugaron un papel importante como barrera a la dispersion de la especie. (B) Existe una estructura genetica significativa entre los distritos investigados como resultado de eventos de aislamiento recientes. (C) Las variaciones de nivel del Mar Adriatico durante el Pleistoceno condicionaron la filo-geografia de las poblaciones Padano-Venecianas.
THREE‐WAY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI, HERBIVOROUS INSECTS AND THEIR HOST PLANTS

652 ( I ) Direct effects of non-vector herbivores 653 (2) Indirect effects, mediated through the host 654 IV. Root-shoot interactions 657 ( I ) Above-ground insects and below-ground fungi 657 (2) Above-ground fungi and below-ground insects 658 . 11. The effect of plant pathogenic fungi on herbivorous insects . (c) Effects on insects . 648 . 111. The effect of herbivorous insects on plant pathogenic fungi . V. Induced resistance a common defence against pest and pathogen ? 660 ( I ) The hypersensitive response and lignification . 661 ( 2 ) Phytoalexins . 662 (3) Proteinase inhibitors 663 (4) Lipoxygenase 664
Predicting the efficacy of Akt inhibitors using AutoDock Vina software

Akt is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has a central role in sustaining cellsurvival and growth in health and disease. In this study we aimed to uncover the bestinhibitor, among the commercially available ones, for targeting Akt by predictingtheir specificity and potency using docking software AutoDock Vina. Our datarevealed that the studied inhibitors had different energy requirements to performsuccessful docking with Akt, as Akti-1/2 inhibitor showed first highest docking scorewith -15.2 kcal/mol and GSK 690693 inhibitor showed second highest docking soreswith -10.0 kcal/mol. However, Perifosine showed the lowest docking scores with -7.5kcal/mol. Interaction studies also confirmed that Akti-1/2, the inhibitor with thehighest docking score, have been seen to build hydrogen bonds, build electrostaticand hydrophobic interactions and conquer the affinity of the most favorable bindingpockets when bound with Akt. Due to their specific binding and potency, werecommend Akti-1/2 and GSK 690693 as the first and second best inhibitors fortargeting Akt, respectively. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirmthese results.
Neoadjuvant treatment strategy for locally advanced thoracic esophageal cancer

Multimodal treatment combining surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is necessary to improve the chances of survival in patients with locally advanced thoracic esophageal cancer. Based on the results of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group 9907 (JCOG9907) trial, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, two courses of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), followed by esophagectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is the recommended treatment in Japan. Alternatively, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) typified by carboplatin and paclitaxel plus concurrent radiotherapy with 41.4 Gy (Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer followed by Surgery Study [CROSS]) has shown promising outcomes in some Western countries. Currently, several clinical trials are being conducted within and outside of Japan to confirm the best neoadjuvant treatment regimen. For instance, a three‐arm phase III randomized controlled trial (JCOG1109) is ongoing in Japan. The three arms comprise a doublet regimen (two courses of cisplatin 80 mg/m2 day 1 and 5‐FU 800 mg/m2 days 1‐5; repeated every 3 weeks) versus a triplet regimen (three courses of docetaxel, 70 mg/m2 day 1; cisplatin 70 mg/m2 day 1; and 5‐FU 750 mg/m2 days 1‐5; repeated every 3 weeks) versus a chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimen (radiotherapy of 41.4 Gy/23 fractions with two courses of cisplatin 75 mg/m2 day 1 and 5‐FU 1000 mg/m2 days 1‐4; repeated every 4 weeks). Development of a multimodal strategy for neoadjuvant therapy is expected to receive the continuous focus of research in the hope of achieving better outcomes from treatment of patients with advanced thoracic esophageal cancer.
Qualidade de vida e fatores associados em mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer do colo do útero

O tratamento para o câncer do colo do útero pode levar à ocorrência de efeitos adversos tardios, como disfunções sexuais, intestinais ou urinárias; menopausa precoce e linfedema em membro inferior, os quais podem ter impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de sobreviventes ao câncer do colo do útero, seus fatores associados e comparar a qualidade de vida com um grupo controle de mulheres sem história de câncer. O grupo câncer foi composto por mulheres com término do tratamento há três meses (n= 37). O grupo controle, de base populacional, foi composto por mulheres sem história de câncer (n= 37). A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL-bref e a função sexual pelo Female Sexual Function Índex. Variáveis clínicas, terapêuticas e socioeconômicas foram avaliadas por questionário desenvolvido pelos autores. Em comparação ao controle, o grupo câncer apresentou maior percentual de mulheres que viviam sem companheiro, que consideravam o relacionamento com o companheiro como ruim/regular e que apresentavam disfunções urinárias, intestinais e sexuais. Além disso, o grupo câncer apresentou piores escores nos domínios “Físico” e “Relações Sociais” do WHOQOL-bref (p=0,03 e 0,01, respectivamente). Foram fatores independentemente associados ao domínio “Físico”: linfedema de membros inferiores e retenção urinária; e ao domínio “Relações Sociais”: apoio social de amigos e estenose/encurtamento vaginal. Os resultados sugerem impacto negativo da doença e de seu tratamento sobre a qualidade de vida das sobreviventes. Deve-se investigar a qualidade de vida e os fatores que a influenciam, visando um atendimento mais integral, direcionado às necessidades das pacientes, por meio de equipe multiprofissional.
Effects of the Argentine Ant on Arthropod Fauna of Hawaiian High‐Elevation Shrubland

Human-caused biological invasions by an alien species are a worldwide phenomenon. They are particularly significant on isolated oceanic islands and represent a serious threat to endemic biota. The Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) has become established in portions of the high-elevation shrubland of Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii, over the past 25 yr. This ecosystem lacks native ants but possesses many locally endemic and rare arthropod species. Pitfall trapping and under-rock surveys were conducted to determine the effects of I. humilis on the local arthropod fauna. More than 180 taxa were sampled, mostly Arthropoda. Presence of the Argentine ant is associated with reduced populations of many native and non-native arthropod species, including important predator species and major pollinators of native plants. Effects of ant invasion were particularly severe at higher elevations of Haleakala volcano where endemic species normally exist at low densities. Some taxa, primarily alien species, were more abundant in the presence of ants. Invasion of the Argentine ant has locally reduced the abundance of many endemic species in the shrubland ecosystem. Although the spread of this ant species is slow, I. humilis appears to have the potential to invade a much larger area of Haleakala National Park than it now occupies. Active management of Argentine ant populations will be nec- essary if the endemic fauna is to be preserved.
Train low-level behavioral policy to match motion capture feature distribution Train high-level task policy by RL using lower-level behaviors

Rapid progress in deep reinforcement learning has made it increasingly feasible to train controllers for high-dimensional humanoid bodies. However, methods that use pure reinforcement learning with simple reward functions tend to produce non-humanlike and overly stereotyped movement behaviors. In this work, we extend generative adversarial imitation learning to enable training of generic neural network policies to produce humanlike movement patterns from limited demonstrations consisting only of partially observed state features, without access to actions, even when the demonstrations come from a body with different and unknown physical parameters. We leverage this approach to build sub-skill policies from motion capture data and show that they can be reused to solve tasks when controlled by a higher level controller. [video abstract]
Investigation on the role played by fermentation esters in the aroma of young Spanish wines by multivariate analysis

The role played by ethyl esters of fatty acids and by acetates of higher alcohols on the aroma of young wines from neutral grape varieties has been investigated. The statistical methods used have been stepwise linear regression and principal components analysis. Very significant conclusions have been reached. The role played by these compounds depends on the type of wine. In white wines their main role is in the perception of tree fruit and tropical fruit notes. It has been demonstrated that the former notes are linked to ethyl esters, while the latter are linked mainly to acetates of higher alcohols. In rose wines the intensity of tree fruit aroma was correlated with ester content, however no clear conclusion was reached about the role of various compounds on the perception of quality. Finally, in red wines these compounds do not determine the intensity of fruit aromas, and they only play a modulating role on aroma quality. This indicates that red grape varieties must have other aroma compounds which are responsible for the fruity characteristics of wines.
tHe iNNoVatiVe PsyCHologiCal CliMate: its sCoPe, struCture aND ParaMeters

The research reported here was designed to investigate the notion of psychological climate. The study presents the types of climate in organizations, namely, psychological, socio-psychological, organizational, innovative and psychological and carries out their scientific analysis. In addition, it presents the author’s understanding of the concepts of innovative and psychological climate and its integrated parameters (psychological impact, educational communication, multi-motivation, positive and harmonious I-concept) as multi-dimensional phenomenon of modern education. The approach used in the research is based on the parallels drawn between the abilities and efficacy of human activity in certain geographical and psychological climate conditions, thus climatic determinism approach was referred to.
The Effect of Age at Diagnosis on Neuropsychological Functioning for Survivors of Pediatric Brain Tumors Treated with Proton Radiation Therapy

Compared to photon radiation, proton radiation spares healthy tissue by better targeting the tumor, reducing entrance dose, and eliminating exit dose (Semenova, 2009). Research thus far has largely focused on intelligence and adaptive profiles for individuals treated with proton radiation therapy (PRT; Patel, Mullins, O-Neil, & Wilson, 2011). Additionally, the effect of age varies in regard to age being protective or not (Levisohn, Cronin-Golomb, & Schmahmann, 2000; De Ruiter, Van Mourik, Schouten-Van Meeteren, Grootenhus, & Oosterlann, 2013; Wolfe, Madan-Swain, & Kana, 2012). This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effect of age on diagnosis on neuropsychological functioning for individuals with infratentorial tumors treated with PRT. Archival data from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) was used. A total of 24 participants were eligible to participate in the current study. A descriptive approach was used to describe the group’s performance because of the small sample size. A variety of measures were used to assess verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills, processing speed, verbal and visual memory, visual-motor/motor skills, and attention and inhibition abilities. Verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning were found to be largely intact across all groups. Processing speed and visual-motor integration skills were Low Average, and dominant-hand fine-motor skills were Impaired. All other domains varied tremendously. Potential explanations of the current findings are discussed. The primary limitations of this study are its small sample size and limited generalizability. More longitudinal research is needed to fully understand the impact of PRT on survivors of pediatric brain tumors. Lastly, directions for future research are also discussed.
Consequences of Embryonic UV‐B Exposure for Embryos and Tadpoles of the Plains Leopard Frog

Abstract: In organisms with complex life cycles, understanding the effects of environmental change requires investigating the possibility that the effect of such change on one stage will have consequences for other stages. We investigated the effects of embryonic exposure to UV‐B radiation on embryo and tadpole development of the plains leopard frog ( Rana blairi). Embryos were exposed to sunlight filtered to provide two levels of UV‐B exposure (e.g., at 310 nm: high exposure is approximately 84% transmittance and low exposure is approximately 58% transmittance). Hatching success of embryos exposed to different UV‐B levels did not differ. Tadpoles resulting from exposed embryos were raised at three densities. Growth and development were slower in tadpoles exposed to higher UV‐B levels as embryos. Density negatively affected growth and development. Survivorship did not differ among UV‐B or density treatments. Our results suggest that even if lethal effects are not exhibited at one stage, sublethal effects may manifest themselves at other stages, possibly affecting the long‐term success of exposed individuals and populations.
Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831. In : Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)

This paper is an invited contribution to the Zootaxa series ‘Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. ’ (Zhang 2011). This series pertains to living biodiversity and the species numbers given here are more or less derived from the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), for which the two authors of this paper are listed as editors (PEB hands-on editor; DPG advisory editor). Thus circumscribed, Bryozoa includes 3 classes, 4 orders, 187 families, 808 genera and 5869 species [Phylactolaemata 86 species, Stenolaemata 543 species, Gymnolaemata 5240 species (Ctenostomata 319 species, Cheilostomata 4921 species)]. Although all Phylactolaemata and several species of Ctenostomata are freshwater organisms, the full list of bryozoan species is accessible on WoRMS. The WoRMS list must be understood to be provisional, owing to the need for taxonomic revisions of many genera. Nevertheless, even if not all species in the list are accurately attributed to genera, the names represent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that are indicative of living species diversity as known to date.
Rounding With Teams: An Evaluation of Interprofessional Collaborative Practice

Summary: Poster describes results of evaluations of teamwork collected through on-site observations of 3 Medical Surgical teams and one Operating Room team in addition to surveys of patient observations. Research was done in part of a larger HRSA funded grant project which facilitates interprofessional collaboration, education, and teamwork. Content Outline: Content Outline for Rounding with Teams: an Evaluation of Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
Analysis and Maximizing Energy Harvesting from RF Signals using T-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna

The advancement of the modern world requires catering the power crisis. New methodologies for energy harvesting were considered, but their succession in a different environment is still to explore. This paper deals with antenna designing to harvest energy from radio signals. The rummage of energy from surrounding sources is considered a harvesting of energy and it would be an alternative approach for low energy utilization. As comparatively well-known sources are considered for energy harvesting; such as wind and solar, radio frequency signal can provide continues supply of energy harvesting. Alternatively, we are getting the maximum usable energy resources which are challenging the amplitude of arriving signal, which is considered very low and the requirements for operating available antennas are proportionally higher. Using the Microstrip patch antenna limited the energy resources, because it is low profile, easy to configure, simple in design at the lowest rate. Furthermore, the combined the configuration and proposed antenna design provide the maximum energy efficiency. More simulation iterations are performed to maximize the gain of ISM band of 2.4 GHz. The operating frequency of microstrip patch antenna is 2.4GHz, which provides the gain of 7.2dB, return loss -20dB and the directivity of 7.44dB. The achieved result of source voltage is 900 mv after rectification the output voltage 2.5v. The results are efficient and suitable to overcome litter bit power crisis.
Relative growth of the major body componrnts of the southern elephant seal. Mirounga leonina (L.)

Relative growth of the main body components (fat, muscle, bone, viscera, and skin) is dealt with in detail, particularly in animals which had not attained nutritional independence; a period of accelerated growth in these animals was followed by a complete fast of 5-7 weeks. Seal pups more than trebled their birth weight over the 23-day suckling period, a high percentage of this increase being attributed to deposition of the blubber. During the postweaning fast, muscle, fat, and viscera were lost at a rate similar to the rate of gain during the suckling period, whereas bone and skin did not alter significantly in weight during the fasting phase. After the pups attained nutritional independence, the main body components grew at the same rate as body weight, except that in males at puberty muscle weight increased relatively more quickly than the body weight, and at the expense of bone and viscera. Developmental patterns within the musculature were studied by dissecting the muscles individually, and grouping them according to anatomical location into 10 muscle groups. The development of the musculature during the suckling period tended to be reversed during the postweaning fast. During these two phases, elephant seal pups remained on land most of the time. Developmental changes in the musculature occurred after the seal entered the water, and were modified slightly in sexually mature bulls. These changes are associated with the ecology of this group of animals. Evidence is given that developmental changes within the musculature occurred in response to functional requirements, and it is proposed that this could be brought about by alteration of growth gradients, which are not necessarily reversible during body weight loss. Individually dissected bones were allotted to one of five major anatomical groups, and the weight of the bone groups expressed as a percentage of the total bone weight was used in assessing the results of the changes in bone weight distribution with age. The weight of the bone groups was compared with the corresponding groups in new-born animals. It was found that those bones which are most important structurally (enabling the seal to meet the demands placed on it by the force of gravity) grew most during postnatal life, and that developmental changes in the skeleton occurred in response to functional demands. The winter "rest" periods that immature animals spend ashore are apparently necessary to direct the development of the growing animal to meet these structural demands when it hauls out on land, which it must do later in life to moult and to breed.
Stimulating Curiosity

The article discusses the development and nurturing of curiosity and suggests the following principles: the rewarding of questioning, the use of open questions, delaying answers, accepting that knowledge is not finite and that our vision of the world is incomplete. The writer also suggests various teaching techniques: brain questioning, role playing, hypothesizing and pursuing curiosity.