Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apertium-IceNLP: A rule-based Icelandic to English machine translation system

We describe the development of a prototype of an open source rule-based Icelandic! English MT system, based on the Apertium MT framework and IceNLP, a natural language processing toolkit for Icelandic. Our system, Apertium-IceNLP, is the first system in which the whole morphological and tagging component of Apertium is replaced by modules from an external system. Evaluation shows that the word error rate and the positionindependent word error rate for our prototype is 50.6% and 40.8%, respectively. As expected, this is higher than the corresponding error rates in two publicly available MT systems that we used for comparison. Contrary to our expectations, the error rates of our prototype is also higher than the error rates of a comparable system based solely on Apertium modules. Based on error analysis, we conclude that better translation quality may be achieved by replacing only the tagging component of Apertium with the corresponding module in IceNLP, but leaving morphological analysis to Apertium.
Fast Control Method of Parasitic Antennas Using Noniterative Algorithm in Multiantenna System

A fast control method for parasitic antennas based on a noniterative measurement is proposed in this paper. This method uses the channel state information at the receivers and predicts the channel even at the parasitic antennas that have tunable reactances instead of receivers. The channel prediction accuracy is investigated by considering the effect of the noise, and it is found that the channel at the parasitic antennas is well predicted from a few trials without recourse to iterated measurements when the signal to noise ratio is higher than 20 dB. The results of the simulation and measurement show that the interference can be suppressed even when the estimation accuracy is affected by the noise if the number of trials is sufficient. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve a fourfold channel capacity improvement and 10 dB improvement in signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) compared to two antennas without the parasitic antennas .
A Wideband Millimeter-Wave Power Amplifier With 20 dB Linear Power Gain and +8 dBm Maximum Saturated Output Power

A millimeter-wave power amplifier fabricated in 90 nm bulk CMOS technology consists of 3 identical cascode stages and on-chip matching networks (inter-stage, input, and output) implemented with wide-gap coplanar waveguides and M6-M5 (MIM) capacitors. The amplifier realizes a linear power gain of 19.7 dB at 52.4 GHz and 10.3 dB at 60 GHz. Maximum saturated output power and output-referred compression point are and 3.1 dBm, respectively. Peak PAE is 4.2%. The 1.180. 96 die consumes 75 mA when operating from a 2 V supply.
Entrepreneurs: Jacks of All Trades or Hobos?

Lazear (2005) suggests that entrepreneurs should be generalists, while those who work for others should be specialists. Many prospective entrepreneurs will develop varied skills by engaging in a variety of employment activities prior to becoming an entrepreneur, and incomes are higher for those that do so. An alternative view predicts that those with greater taste for variety are more likely to become entrepreneurs. Varied employment prior to becoming an entrepreneur is simply an expression of this taste, and is associated with lower earnings. Data from a survey of 830 independent inventors and 300 individuals from the general population are used to discriminate between these two theories. The results show that inventor-entrepreneurs typically have a more varied labor market experience, and that varied work experience is associated with lower household income.
A robust perceptual colour image compression with watermarking

The development of multimedia and digital technology has led to the requirement of high quantity of data to represent images. Also multimedia security has become an important concern in the world of internet technology. These factors indicates the need for various image compression and security techniques. This paper focuses on compression scheme which makes use of the sensitivity of the Human Visual System. A robust watermarking method is also incorporated to add copyright protection to the image. The compression technique is optimized perceptually by making use of a Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF). The technique is based on a wavelet transform technique known as Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) along with CSF quantization. A band average of CSF value is calculated for each subband which gives the quantization value for the transformed coefficients of that subband. The performance metric used are PSNR, CR, SSIM. Results shows that compression ratio is increased for the proposed method with a comparable PSNR and SSIM. Result is also evaluated based on subjective quality.
A game theoretic defending model with puzzle controller for distributed dos attack prevention

Distributed denial-of-service is hard to prevent because the attackers could use the authentic IP addresses of the zombies to hide the source of attacks and to increase the computational ability. In this paper, a game theoretic defending model with puzzle controller against this kind of attack is proposed. The malicious attackers can be distinguished from legitimate clients by consuming their computational ability dramatically with the puzzle controller. The proper puzzle difficulty to filter out attackers is also deduced to give an instruction for clients and servers. Meanwhile, the relationships between certain variables are further investigated.
Solid-flow: A flow rules security mechanism for SDN

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new approach that aims to virtualize networking by decoupling data plan from the control plan. As this approach influenced many actors in the networking community because of its agility, programmability and central management. Many questions have been raised about issues that come with it. One of the biggest concerns related to SDN is security, this aspect is fundamental when deciding to adopt SDN as a solution or not. Security threats are targeting the application layer, control layer, and data layer. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism called “SOLID-FLOW” to enhance flow rules database integrity within the SDN controller. First, we discuss security threats related to SDN mechanisms regarding the control layer, and then we debate appropriate solutions that have been presented in the literature to address security related issues. Finally, we present our new mechanism.
Wind turbine reduced-order model for power system analysis

This papers presents a general formulation for obtaining a reduced-order model by using selective modal analysis. A reduction example with one and another with three relevant modes are shown. By using eigenvalue sensitivity with respect to a positive bus power injection (negative load), the impact of wind turbine generators (WTGs) on power system operation is analyzed. Lastly, electricity market issues are discussed. The WTG reduced-order model is found attractive for studying new operational and planning procedures in power systems along with the design of appropriate market structures.
Evidence on Finance and Economic Growth

This paper reviews and appraises the body of empirical research on the association between financial markets and economic growth that has accumulated over the past quarter-century. The bulk of the historical evidence suggests that financial development affects economic growth in a positive, monotonic way, yet recent research endeavors have provided useful and important qualifications of this conventional wisdom. Moreover, the proliferation of micro-level datasets has enabled researchers to study more precise links between theory and measurement. The paper highlights the mechanisms through which financial markets benefit society, as well as the channels through which finance can slow down long-term growth. JEL Classification: O4, G1
P2P bot detection system based on map reduce

Among the various sorts of malware, botnets are rising briskly as one of the most serious threat against cyber-security. Botnets supply a distributed platform for many prohibited activities like launching distributed denial of service attacks against crucial targets, phishing, malware dissemination, click fraud etc. The characteristic of botnets is that they use command and control channels to keep themselves updated and directed. P2P Botnets are one of the most malevolent threats to the Internet users due to their resiliency against takedown. This paper proposes a scalable model which can be used for botnet detection in P2P network. This proposed system treats network traffic as a data stream, segregating the traffic into two parallel streams. The detection is based on failure traffic, communication traffic and frequency of traffic. The traffic is analyzed during small time window, and the infected hosts are reported immediately.
Ectoderm–mesoderm crosstalk in the embryonic limb: The role of fibroblast growth factor signaling

In this commentary we focus on the function of FGFs during limb development and morphogenesis. Our goal is to understand, interpret and, when possible, reconcile the interesting findings and conflicting results that remain unexplained. For example, the cell death pattern observed after surgical removal of the AER versus genetic removal of the AER‐Fgfs is strikingly different and the field is at an impasse with regard to an explanation. We also discuss the idea that AER function may involve signaling components in addition to the AER‐FGFs and that signaling from the non‐AER ectoderm may also have a significant contribution. We hope that a re‐evaluation of current studies and a discussion of outstanding questions will motivate new experiments, especially considering the availability of new technologies, that will fuel further progress toward understanding the intricate ectoderm‐to‐mesoderm crosstalk during limb development. Developmental Dynamics 246:208–216, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced signature verfication using neural network based on statistical features

Signature verification is done by using neural network to improve accuracy by reducing False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate(FRR). The two types of signature verification are online and offline signature verification. In this project offline signature verification is used in which signature is acquired using camera. Signature is checked by a specific resolution after the acquisition and preprocessing was done to remove the noise present in the image. Additional features are considered and extracted from an image and are trained using neural network to improve the accuracy. The same procedure is repeated for the test signature. The result of training and testing the signature leads to identify whether the signature is genuine or not with improved accuracy in comparison with conventional SVM technique.
ENSE A BLE S EARCH : Selective Query Disambiguation

We present a method for detecting and resolving lexical ambiguity in information retrieval queries. Leveraging existing word sense disambiguation tools, we define a measure of query term ambiguity based on the distribution of word senses in the relevant document set. If a query term is ambiguous, we allow the user to select the correct sense of the query term, in the style of Google’s spelling correction. Secondly, we present a method for results diversification, where one word sense dominates the top results, but there is a sizable number of documents with a second sense. We present a successful qualitative evaluation of our methods which demonstrates the plausibility and applicability of the approach.
Which is a more serious factor to the bandwidth of GI POF: differential mode attenuation or mode coupling?

It is clarified for the first time that the effect of the mode coupling on the bandwidth characteristic is very small in the graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) compared with in the step-index (SI) POF. Although there have been several trials regarding the theoretical prediction of bandwidth characteristics of the GI POF, a disagreement between measured and estimated properties was observed. The origin of disagreement has been generally explained as the mode coupling effect. However, it is clarified in this paper that the effect of the differential mode attenuation is the dominant factor of disagreement between measured and predicted bandwidth characteristics, while the effect of the mode coupling is small. In order to clarify the reason why the calculated bandwidth characteristics of the GI POF show a disagreement with that measured, differential mode delay and differential mode attenuation were investigated. It was found that the highest order mode in the poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) base GI POF attenuated 17 dB compared with the lowest order mode through 100-m transmission. By taking into account this differential mode attenuation, an excellent agreement is observed between calculated and measured results of both the bandwidth characteristics and group delay, in which no mode coupling was considered.
3D Modeling from Multi-views Images for Cultural Heritage in Wat-Pho, Thailand

Abstract. In Thailand, there are several types of (tangible) cultural heritages. This work focuses on 3D modeling of the heritage objects from multi-views images. The images are acquired by using a DSLR camera which costs around $1,500 (camera and lens). Comparing with a 3D laser scanner, the camera is cheaper and lighter than the 3D scanner. Hence, the camera is available for public users and convenient for accessing narrow areas. The acquired images consist of various sculptures and architectures in Wat-Pho which is a Buddhist temple located behind the Grand Palace (Bangkok, Thailand). Wat-Pho is known as temple of the reclining Buddha and the birthplace of traditional Thai massage. To compute the 3D models, a diagram is separated into following steps; Data acquisition, Image matching, Image calibration and orientation, Dense matching and Point cloud processing. For the initial work, small heritages less than 3 meters height are considered for the experimental results. A set of multi-views images of an interested object is used as input data for 3D modeling. In our experiments, 3D models are obtained from MICMAC (open source) software developed by IGN, France. The output of 3D models will be represented by using standard formats of 3D point clouds and triangulated surfaces such as . ply, . off, . obj, etc. To compute for the efficient 3D models, post-processing techniques are required for the final results e.g. noise reduction, surface simplification and reconstruction. The reconstructed 3D models can be provided for public access such as website, DVD, printed materials. The high accurate 3D models can also be used as reference data of the heritage objects that must be restored due to deterioration of a lifetime, natural disasters, etc.
Determination of earthquake energy release and ML using TERRAscope

We estimated the energy radiated by earthquakes in southern California using on-scale very broadband recordings from TERRAscope. The method we used involves time integration of the squared ground-motion velocity and empirical determination of the distance attenuation function and the station corrections. The time integral is typically taken over a duration of 2 min after the P-wave arrival. The attenuation curve for the energy integral we obtained is given by q(r) = cr^(−n)exp(−kr)(r^2 = Δ^2 + h_(ref)^2) with c = 0.49710, n = 1.0322, k = 0.0035 km^(−1), and h_(ref) = 8 km, where Δ is the epicentral distance. A similar method was used to determine M_L using TERRAscope data. The station corrections for M_L are determined such that the M_L values determined from TERRAscope agree with those from the traditional optical Wood-Anderson seismographs. For 1.5 6.5, M_L saturates. The ratio E_S/M_0 (M_0: seismic moment), a measure of the average stress drop, for six earthquakes, the 1989 Montebello earthquake (M_L = 4.6), the 1989 Pasadena earthquake (M_L = 4.9), the 1990 Upland earthquake (M_L = 5.2), the 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake (M_L = 5.8), the 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake (M_L = 6.1), and the 1992 Landers earthquake (M_w = 7.3), are about 10 times larger than those of the others that include the aftershocks of the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake, the Sierra Madre earthquake, the Joshua Tree earthquake, and the two earthquakes on the San Jacinto fault. The difference in the stress drop between the mainshock and their large aftershocks may be similar to that between earthquakes on a fault with long and short repeat times. The aftershocks, which occurred on the fault plane where the mainshock slippage occurred, had a very short time to heal, hence a low stress drop. The repeat time of the major earthquakes on the frontal fault systems in the Transverse Ranges in southern California is believed to be very long, a few thousand years. Hence, the events in the Transverse Ranges may have higher stress drops than those of the events occurring on faults with shorter repeat times, such as the San Andreas fault and the San Jacinto fault. The observation that very high stress-drop events occur in the Transverse Ranges and the Los Angeles Basin has important implications for the regional seismic potential. The occurrence of these high stress-drop events near the bottom of the seismogenic zone strongly suggests that these fault systems are capable of supporting high stress that will eventually be released in major seismic events. Characterization of earthquakes in terms of the E_S/M_0 ratio using broadband data will help delineate the spatial distribution of seismogenic stresses in the Los Angeles basin and the Transverse Ranges.
Instantaneous kinematic analysis for a crawler type in-pipe robot

This paper analyzes the motion of a crawler type in-pipe robot which has three driving module. The analogousness between the crawler in-pipe robot and parallel manipulator was analyzed, and then the instantaneous kinematic of the robot is derived using the screw theory. The in-pipe robot used in this paper, called PAROYS-II, consists of three driving parts and mechanism parts which are adaptable to various pipe diameters. The navigation method using Jacobian is suggested and verified by simulation and experiment.
Automated segmentation of retinal layers from OCT images using structure tensor and kernel regression+GTDP approach

Macular edema (ME) is trending to be an increasing disease among the working adult group that causes retinal swelling within sub-retinal layers due to accumulation of protein deposits. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technique gives a complete cross-sectional view of the retina and helps in early detection of ME. In this paper, we explore different techniques for accurate and reliable segmentation of retinal layers. It uses advance edge detection technique of structure tensor for accurate layer segmentation. Structure tensor algorithm is compared with kernel regression and GTDP (Graph Theory and Dynamic Programming) based layer segmentation technique. The evaluation is performed using a subset of publicly available OCT image dataset of 10 patients containing 108 OCT scans which is provided by Duke University.
Simultaneous Measurement of Antenna Gain and Complex Permittivity of Liquid in Fresnel Region and Evaluation Methodology of Uncertainty

Hiroki Shiga, Naoto Ikarashi, Nozomu Ishii, Ken-ichi Sato, Lira Hamada, and Soichi Watanabe 1 Graduate School of Science and Technology and 2 Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University 8050, Ikarashi 2-nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan 3 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1, Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-9795, Japan 4 NTT Advanced Technology 3-9-11, Midori-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 182-0012, Japan e-mail: nishii@eng.niigata-u.ac. jp
Phase-Oriented Sensing by Means of Loaded UHF RFID Tags

Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are currently evolving from an augmented version of barcodes to passive and distributed sensors in the emerging Internet of Things. Most of the RFID sensing devices that have been experienced till now are based on power metrics. The change in the environment is converted into a variation of the antenna performance remotely sensed by a reader through a modulation of turn- on or backscattered power. This paper investigates a new sensing paradigm derived from the measurement of the phase of the electromagnetic signals that are backscattered from the tag in the UHF-RFID band. The main goal is to introduce a model of the phase response of antennas that are loaded by lumped sensitive materials (SMs). General properties, data-processing issues, the achievable dynamic ranges, sensitivities, and the measurement reproducibility of phase-oriented sensing are investigated by means of both numerical analysis and experimentations concerning an RFID humidity sensor as case study.
A Novel Discrete ARMA-Based Model for Piezoelectric Actuator Hysteresis

Hysteresis is an important nonlinear effect exhibited by piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) and its modeling has been drawing considerable attention. This paper presents the development of a novel discrete model based on the concept of autoregressive moving average for the PEA hysteresis, and its parameter identification method as well. Experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the developed model. The result obtained shows that the developed model can well represent the PEA hysteresis, with improved performance over an existing discrete hysteresis model.
Consistency and Validity of Perturbative Formulations for Scattering From Rough Multilayers

Two different perturbative approaches have been recently presented for the evaluation of scattering from layered media characterized by rough interfaces: the Boundary Perturbation Theory (BPT) and the Volumetric-Perturbative Reciprocal Theory (VPRT). These two approaches are conceptually different: They employ different strategies to provide closed-form solutions to the scattering problem, and, at first sight, they rely on different basic assumptions, so that different regimes of validity seem to be expected. In spite of that, both approaches lead to the same expression of the first-order scattered field. To solve this (seeming) incongruence, in this paper a careful theoretical analysis of basic assumptions of VPRT is carried out. This requires also considering the procedure to obtain the VPRT solution that, in this paper, is reformulated relying on a more physically sound way. The performed analysis demonstrates that, actually, basic assumptions of VPRT are equivalent to those of BPT, so that their ranges of validity are, consistently, also the same. Thus, the seeming incongruence is solved: The two theoretical constructs can be now regarded in a conceptually coherent frame.
Earth-System Models of Intermediate Complexity Introductory Remarks

Background and Motivation Investigating the dynamic behavior of the Earth system remains a “grand challenge” for the scientific community. It is motivated by our limited knowledge about the consequences of large-scale perturbations of the Earth system by human activities, such as fossil-fuel combustion or the fragmentation of terrestrial vegetation cover. Will the system behave resilient with respect to such disturbances, or could it be driven towards qualitatively new modes of planetary operation?