Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autoproteção para a internet das coisas

A Internet das Coisas e um novo paradigma de comunicacao baseado na presenca ubiqua de objetos que, atraves de enderecamento unico, cooperam com seus pares para atingir um objetivo em comum. Aplicacoes em diversas areas podem se beneficiar dos conceitos da Internet das Coisas, porem esta rede e muito vulneravel a ataques, seja pela possibilidade de ataque fisico, pela alta conectividade dos dispositivos, a enorme quantidade de dispositivos conectados ou a baixa quantidade de recursos disponiveis. A grande quantidade de dispositivos conectados faz com que abordagens autonomicas sejam necessarias e a reduzida quantidade de recursos exige a utilizacao de tecnicas eficientes. Este trabalho propoe uma arquitetura de autoprotecao para a Internet das Coisas utilizando as tecnicas de Rede Neural Artificial e Algoritmo de Celulas Dendriticas, duas tecnicas bio-inspiradas que, atraves de experimentos, mostraram a possibilidade de serem utilizadas na Internet das Coisas. A implementacao da Rede Neural Artificial utilizada consumiu poucos recursos de memoria do dispositivo, mantendo uma alta taxa de acerto, comparavel a trabalhos correlatos que nao se preocuparam com o consumo de recursos. A utilizacao do Algoritmo de Celulas Dendriticas se mostrou interessante pela sua distributividade, permitindo uma melhor utilizacao dos recursos da rede, como um todo.
Prolonged pulsatile administration of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in normal man.

The 24-h profiles of plasma ACTH and cortisol were determined at 15-min intervals in five normal men basally and during iv bolus injections of 25 micrograms ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) every 4 h for 72 h. Each oCRH injection was followed by a distinct elevation of plasma ACTH and cortisol levels, with a return to basal values before the next injection. The characteristics of the ACTH and cortisol pulses induced by 25 micrograms oCRH (i.e. 0.3-0.4 micrograms/kg) were similar to those observed in other studies with 1 microgram/kg human CRH. There was no significant blunting of oCRH-induced hormonal increments in the course of the 72-h study. On each oCRH injection day, the mean 24-h cortisol level was higher than that in the basal study, but there was no increase in the mean 24-h ACTH level. During the 72-h oCRH study, the preinjection ACTH and cortisol levels exhibited a diurnal variation, indicating persistence of the circadian periodicity of pituitary-adrenal activity. There was a diurnal variation of oCRH-induced ACTH increments, with highest responses at 0700 h. A small but not significant reverse trend was apparent for cortisol increments. Spontaneous pulses of ACTH and cortisol occurred throughout the 3 days of oCRH injections, and the total number of spontaneous and oCRH-induced pulses was similar to the number of spontaneous pulses observed in the basal study. All oCRH-induced and more than 90% of spontaneous cortisol pulses occurred concomitantly with an ACTH pulse. The variability of pulse increments was greater for ACTH than for cortisol. In conclusion, prolonged pulsatile administration of oCRH did not induce pituitary desensitization and did not suppress the endogenous circadian and pulsatile ACTH and cortisol variations.
Ocular Changes Induced in the Beagle Dog by Intravenous Infusion of a Novel Dopaminergic Compound, FPL 65447

FPL 65447, a selective D1 receptor agonist with a potential for the acute treatment of renal and cardiac failure and of sepsis and septic shock, was administered to beagle dogs by continuous intravenous infusion for a maximum of 14 days. Ophthalmoscopical examination revealed dose-related changes in the eye and associated structures, consisting of foci of retinal discolouration, corneal changes including oedema, keratitis, opacities and neovascularisation, and inflammation of the iris, periorbital tissues, and adnexa. Microscopical examination confirmed the presence of inflammatory lesions in the eye. These were predominantly histiocytic and were mainly focal circumscribed lesions. More diffuse inflammation with a granulocytic and lymphocytic component was also encountered in the limbus and uveal tract. A predominantly interstitial histiocytic adenitis involving various glandular structures associated with the eye and adnexa was also identified. Possible mechanisms to account for the histiocytic changes are discussed.
Comparison of characteristics between patients with GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) RNA and those with GBV-C/HGV E2-antibody in patients with hemophilia.

We compared characteristics of patients with GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) RNA to those of patients with GBV-C/HGV E2-antibody. GBV-C/HGV RNA and GBV-C/HGV antibody were assayed in 83 persons with hemophilia using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected in 19 (22.9%) patients and GBV-C/HGV antibody was detected in 17 (20.5%). The background characteristics between the patient groups did not differ with respect to age, severity of hemophilia based on the frequency of use of blood product, and both the initial age at the first use and years since the first use of blood products. There were no differences in coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus, except that infection with HCV subtype 1a was more prevalent in patients with GBV-C/HGV RNA (P = 0.0229). Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing was conducted in 18 patients with GBV-C/HGV RNA and 15 patients with GBV-C/HGV E2-antibody; 13 of the patients with GBV-C/HGV antibody had either HLA DQ7, DR15, or DR8, whereas only 4 of the patients with GBV-C/HGV RNA did (P < 0. 001). It is concluded that the presumed age at the time of GBV-C/HGV infection, the frequency of exposure to GBV-C/HGV, and the time since the GBV-C/HGV infection were not associated with recovery from infection with GBV-C/HGV. Coinfection with HCV subtype 1a may be related to persistent GBV-C/HGV viremia, whereas HLA DQ7, DR15, or DR8 may be related to the clearance of GBV-C/HGV after infection.
Contactin Associates with Sodium Channel Nav1.3 in Native Tissues and Increases Channel Density at the Cell Surface

The upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.3 has been linked to hyperexcitability of axotomized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which underlies neuropathic pain. However, factors that regulate delivery of Nav1.3 to the cell surface are not known. Contactin/F3, a cell adhesion molecule, has been shown to interact with and enhance surface expression of sodium channels Nav1.2 and Nav1.9. In this study we show that contactin coimmunoprecipitates with Nav1.3 from postnatal day 0 rat brain where this channel is abundant, and from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with Nav1.3 (HEK-Nav1.3). Purified GST fusion proteins of the N and C termini of Nav1.3 pull down contactin from lysates of transfected HEK 293 cells. Transfection of HEK-Nav1.3 cells with contactin increases the amplitude of the current threefold without changing the biophysical properties of the channel. Enzymatic removal of contactin from the cell surface of cotransfected cells does not reduce the elevated levels of the Nav1.3 current. Finally, we show that, similar to Nav1.3, contactin is upregulated in axotomized DRG neurons and accumulates within the neuroma of transected sciatic nerve. We propose that the upregulation of contactin and its colocalization with Nav1.3 in axotomized DRG neurons may contribute to the hyper-excitablity of the injured neurons.
A novel type of broadband circularly polarized antenna

A new type of broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna is proposed. The new CP antenna consists of two folded off center-fed dipoles. The operating principle of this type of CP antenna is different from those of conventional CP antennas. The 90° time-phase difference required for circular polarization is obtained by the off-center feed of a half-wave dipole. This type of CP antenna features a simple planar configuration. It is shown that the new CP antenna achieves an overlapped bandwidth of 46% (1.7-2.73 GHz) for axial ratio <;3 dB and return loss >15 dB. The broadband CP antenna has a gain of 8.5 dBi on average.
L’ENDOSSEMENT PAR LES CELEBRITES: LE ROLE DE LA CONGRUENCE

Ce travail de recherche tente a donner une vue d’ensemble sur l’efficacite de la strategie d’endossement par les celebrites. Ainsi, nous proposons d’etudier les effets de la congruence percue (celebrite/marque) sur l’attitude a l’egard de la marque tout en retenant une structure bidimensionnelle de la congruence (le cote pertinent et le cote attendu). Un couple (marque/celebrite) est dit congruent s’il est pertinent et attendu, non congruent, s’il est non pertinent et non attendu. Notre etude empirique s’appuie sur le choix de quatre celebrites ayant des degres differents de congruence avec la marque. L’impact de la congruence etant maximal pour une congruence moderee (couple pertinent et non attendu).
TP53 and ATM mRNA expression in skin and skeletal muscle after low-level laser exposure

ABSTRACT Low-level lasers are widespread in regenerative medicine, but the molecular mechanisms involved in their biological effects are not fully understood, particularly those on DNA stability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate mRNA expression of genes related to DNA genomic stability in skin and skeletal muscle tissue from Wistar rats exposed to low-level red and infrared lasers. For this, TP53 (Tumor Protein 53) and ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated gene) mRNA expressions were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technique 24 hours after low-level red and infrared laser exposure. Our data showed that relative TP53 mRNA expression was not significantly altered in both tissues exposed to lasers. For ATM, relative mRNA expression in skin tissue was not significantly altered, but in muscle tissue, laser exposure increased relative ATM mRNA expression. Low-level red and infrared laser radiations alter ATM mRNA expression related to DNA stability in skeletal muscle tissue.
Diseases of the respiratory system. Introduction: structure and function of the lungs.

The prime function of the lungs is to bring air into close contact with blood so that oxygen may diffuse into and carbon dioxide out of the blood. In addition, the lungs have important nonrespiratory functions such as clearing particles from the airways and converting or inactivating circulating polypeptides, prostaglandins, etc. The development and growth of the lungs are complex, and these and many other aspects of the normal lung have been extensively reviewed recently1; I will therefore concentrate on the relations between structure and function in the adult lung.
Positive and negative control of ompB transcription in Escherichia coli by cyclic AMP and the cyclic AMP receptor protein

The ompB operon encodes OmpR and EnvZ, two proteins that are necessary for the expression and osmoregulation of the OmpF and OmpC porins in Escherichia coli. We have used in vitro and in vivo experiments to show that cyclic AMP and the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) directly regulate ompB. ompB expression in an ompB-lacZ chromosomal fusion strain was increased two- to fivefold when cells were grown in medium containing poor carbon sources or with added cyclic AMP. In vivo primer extension analysis indicated that this control is complex and involves both positive and negative effects by cyclic AMP-CRP on multiple ompB promoters. In vitro footprinting showed that cyclic AMP-CRP binds to a 34-bp site centered at -53 and at -75 in relation to the start sites of the major transcripts that are inhibited and activated, respectively, by this complex. Site-directed mutagenesis of the crp binding site provided evidence that this site is necessary for the in vivo regulation of ompB expression by cyclic AMP. Control of the ompB operon by cyclic AMP-CRP may account for the observed regulation of the formation of OmpF and OmpC by this complex (N. W. Scott and C. R. Harwood, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 9:95-98, 1980).
The importance of open- and closed-skill agility for team selection of adult male basketball players.

AIM Open-skill agility qualities have yet to be described in adult male basketball players. Further, the importance of open- and closed-skill agility for team selection remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to: 1) describe the open- and closed-skill agility of adult male basketball players; and 2) compare these properties between starting and non-starting players. METHODS A cross-sectional between-group design was used. Six starting (playing time: 30.1 ± 8.8 min; age: 30.5 ± 4.8 years; height: 192.1 ± 7.7 cm; body mass: 100.5 ± 15.0 kg; VO(2max): 48.4 ± 6.6 mL∙kg⁻¹∙min⁻¹) and six non-starting (4.3 ± 3.6 min; 21.3 ± 5 years; 185.7 ± 7.4 cm; 94.4 ± 17.9 kg; 50.6 ± 3.9 mL∙kg⁻¹∙min⁻¹) state-level basketball players completed multiple trials for the Change of Direction Speed Test (CODST) and Reactive Agility Test (RAT). RESULTS No statistically significant between-group differences were evident for CODST movement time (starters: 1.652 ± 0.047 s; non-starters: 1.626 ± 0.040 s, P=0.68), RAT response time (starters: 307.5 ± 100.5 ms; non-starters: 426.5 ± 140.7 ms, P=0.12), and RAT decision-making time (starters: 110.7 ± 11.0 ms; non-starters: 147.3 ± 14.2 ms, P=0.08). However, starters (2.001 ± 0.051 s) possessed significantly (P=0.02) faster RAT total movement times than non-starters (2.182 ± 0.040 s). CONCLUSION These data support the utility of perceptual and cognitive components of agility performance in distinguishing starting from non-starting players in basketball. Consequently, basketball coaching and conditioning staff should incorporate sport-specific reactive training drills for all players during the annual conditioning plan.
Engineering a nanostructured “super surface” with superhydrophobic and superkilling properties†

We present a nanostructured “super surface” fabricated using a simple recipe based on deep reactive ion etching of a silicon wafer. The topography of the surface is inspired by the surface topographical features of dragonfly wings. The super surface is comprised of nanopillars 4 μm in height and 220 nm in diameter with random inter-pillar spacing. The surface exhibited superhydrophobicity with a static water contact angle of 154.0° and contact angle hysteresis of 8.3°. Bacterial studies revealed the bactericidal property of the surface against both gram negative (Escherichia coli) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) strains through mechanical rupture of the cells by the sharp nanopillars. The cell viability on these nanostructured surfaces was nearly six-fold lower than on the unmodified silicon wafer. The nanostructured surface also killed mammalian cells (mouse osteoblasts) through mechanical rupture of the cell membrane. Thus, such nanostructured super surfaces could find applications for designing self-cleaning and anti-bacterial surfaces in diverse applications such as microfluidics, surgical instruments, pipelines and food packaging.
What is a clinically relevant change on the HIT-6 questionnaire? An estimation in a primary-care population of migraine patients

Objective To interpret questionnaire scores, clinicians and researchers need to know what change in score reflects a meaningful change in the condition of an individual patient, and what difference reflects a meaningful difference between groups. These values differ between different populations. We determined the within-person minimally important change (MIC) and the between-group minimally important difference (MID) of the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaire in a primary-care population of migraine patients. Methods We included 490 patients who participated in a clinical trial on the treatment of migraine in primary care. We compared their change scores on the HIT-6 questionnaire between baseline and at three-months follow-up with the answers to two anchor questions according to the ‘mean change approach’ and the ‘ROC curve approach’. Results The within-person MIC was estimated to be between −2.5 points (mean change approach) and −6 points (ROC curve approach). The choice for the within-person MIC value depends on the consequences of false positives and false negatives in a particular setting. The between-group MID was estimated at −1.5 points. Conclusions We determined the within-person MIC and between-group MID for the HIT-6 in a primary-care population of migraine patients. We recommend the use of these values for clinical care and for research.
Physiological activation of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 in human skeletal muscle

The human hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) system is activated under various pathological conditions, yet less is known about its physiological regulation in healthy human tissue. We have studied the effect of exercise on the activation of HIF‐1 in human skeletal muscle. Employing a model where oxygen consumption increases and oxygen tension can be manipulated, nine healthy male subjects performed 45 min of one‐legged knee‐extension exercise. Biopsies were taken before, directly after, and 30, 120, and 360 min after exercise. Exercise led to elevated HIF‐1α protein levels and a more prevalent nuclear staining of HIF‐1α. Interestingly, a concurrent decrease in von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL) levels was detected in some subjects. Moreover, exercise induced an increase in the DNA binding activity of HIF‐1α. Characterization of gene expression by real‐time PCR demonstrated that the HIF‐1 target genes VEGF and EPO were activated. VEGF mRNA was further increased when blood flow to the exercising leg was restricted. In conclusion, these data clearly demonstrate that physical activity induces the HIF‐1‐mediated signaling pathway in human skeletal muscle, providing the first evidence that human HIF‐1α can be activated during physiologically relevant conditions.
The effect of dexamethasone and hypoxic stress on MC 3 T 3E 1 cells

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Materials and methods 3.1. Cell culture and materials 3.2. Apoptosis assay 3.3. Cytochrome c release 3.4. Western blot analysis 3.5. Measurement of mitochondrial transmembrane potential 3.6. Quantitative real-time PCR 3.7. Statistical analysis 4. Results 4.1. Effects of Dex and hypoxic stress on murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells 4.2. The mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway is induced by Dex and hypoxic stress in MC3T3-E1 cells 4.3. The mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway is essential for Dex-induced apoptosis under hypoxic conditions 4.4. The effects of different apoptotic inhibitors on MC3T3-E1 cells 5. Discussion 6. Acknowledgements 7. References
Risk factors for shoulder pain and injury in swimmers: A critical systematic review

Abstract Swimming is one of the most popular recreational and competitive sporting activities. In the 2013/2014 swimming season, 9630 men and 12,333 women were registered with the National Collegiate Athletics Association in the USA. The repetitive nature of the swimming stroke and demanding training programs of its athletes raises a number of concerns regarding incidence and severity of injuries that a swimmer might experience during a competitive season. A number of risk factors have previously been identified but the level of evidence from individual studies, as well as the level of certainty that these factors predispose a swimmer to pain and injury, to our knowledge has yet to be critically evaluated in a systematic review. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to conduct a systematic review to critically assess the published evidence for risk factors that may predispose a swimmer to shoulder pain and injury. Three electronic databases, ScienceDirect, PubMed and SpringerLink, were searched using keywords “(Injury OR pain) AND (Swim*)” and “(Shoulder) AND (Swim*)”. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2731 unique titles were identified and were analyzed to a final 29 articles. Only articles with a level of evidence of I, II and III were included according to robust study design and data analysis. The level of certainty for each risk factor was determined. No studies were determined to have a high level of certainty, clinical joint laxity and instability, internal/external rotation, previous history of pain and injury and competitive level were determined to have a moderate level of certainty. All other risk factors were evaluated as having a low level of certainty. Although several risk factors were identified from the reviewed studies, prospective cohort studies, larger sample sizes, consistent and robust measures of risk should be employed in future research.
A MEMS microphone interface based on a CMOS LC oscillator and a digital sigma-delta modulator

Capacitive or resistive sensors can be included in the feedback network of an oscillator to implement a data acquisition system. A higher sampling rate, compared with standard oversampled converters, is required to maintain a sufficient SNR in this case. In this paper, we propose an architecture based on a LC-CMOS oscillator and a digital interface that can be completely integrated on chip and satisfies low clock specifications of standard microphone capacitive interfaces. The complete system outputs one-bit bitstream at 15.53MHz and achieves SNR of 55.38dB for -26dBfs input tone.
Bedside lung ultrasound in emergency (BLUE) protocol: a suggestion to modify.

1the authors describe the use of lung ultrasound in evaluating patients with acute respiratory failure. The algorithmic approach Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency, the BLUE protocol, is described with a diagnostic accuracy of 90.5%. Three hundred and one consecutive patients with acute respiratory failure were assessed; 260 were included (cardiogenic pulmonary edema, 64; pneumonia, 83; decompensated COPD, 49; acute asthma, 34; pulmonary embolism, 21; and pneumothorax, 9) and 41 were excluded from the study (rare causes, 9; no fi nal diagnosis, 16; and several fi nal diagnoses, 16). Among all the patients with a fi nal diagnosis, there was not a single patient with diaphragm paralysis. This could be because of the design of the BLUE protocol, as it does not have assessment of diaphragm function as a step in the algorithm. Diaphragm paralysis, although not a common cause of acute respiratory failure, is likely underdiagnosed, and it is not unusual for an intensivist to come across such a case. Diaphragm paralysis can be diagnosed with the use of bedside ultrasound. 2 , 3 Unilateral diaphragm dysfunction is easier to diagnose than bilateral and, in the presence of comorbid conditions, can be a cause of acute respiratory failure. Trauma (surgical or nonsurgical) and malignancy involving the phrenic nerve are common causes of diaphragm paralysis. 4 The assessment of diaphragm function in patients with these conditions and respiratory distress is important. I came across two cases with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure who had unilateral diaphragm paralysis (one left and one right), as seen on ultrasound and fl uoroscopy examination. In both cases, unilateral diaphragm paralysis was considered to be the main reason for respiratory failure, but comorbid conditions were believed to be contributory. I have been using the BLUE protocol in my clinical practice and have found it be helpful in bedside evaluation of patients with acute respiratory distress. I suggest that the addition of diaphragm function assessment, a simple technique, as a step in the BLUE protocol will enhance its diagnostic accuracy.
Optimization of charge pumping technique in polysilicon TFTs for geometric effect elimination and trap state density extraction

Charge pumping (CP) technique is optimized to minimize the geometric component in the CP current in polysilicon TFTs, by taking into account the pulse waveform and its transition times. Based on the optimization, ideal CP curves similar to those in MOSFETs are obtained. Important information on the trap state density of polysilicon TFTs, i.e., the mean value as well as the energy distribution within the band-gap, can be reliably extracted in different ways.