Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scenario Machine: fast radio bursts, short gamma-ray burst, dark energy and Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory silence

ABSTRACT We discuss the recently reported discovery of fast radio bursts (FRBs) in the framework ofthe neutron star–neutron star (NS+NS) or neutron star–black hole (NS+BH) binary mergermodel. We concentrate on what we consider to be an issue of greatest importance: what is theNS merger rate given that the FRB rate (1/1000yr −1 per galaxy) is inconsistent with gamma-ray burst rate as discussed by Thornton and should be signiﬁcantly higher. We show that thereis no discrepancy between NS merger rate and observed FRB rates in the framework of theScenario Machine population synthesis – for a kick velocity of 100–150kms −1 an average NSmerger rate is 1/500–1/2000yr −1 per galaxy up to z =0.5–1. Based on the Scenario MachineNS merger rate estimates, we discuss the lack of positive detections on the ground-basedinterferometers, considering the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory. Key words: gravitational waves–gamma-ray burst: general. 1 INTRODUCTION The discovery of four fast radio bursts (FRBs; Thornton et al. 2013)combined with the previously discussed Lorimer burst (Lorimeret al. 2007) sparked interest in the generation mechanisms of ex-tremely non-stationary and powerful radiation by neutron stars(NSs). There are different scenarios for FRBs (see Totani 2013for a review) but here we discuss only NS+NS mergers, which weconsider to be the most plausible explanation.The possibility of the FRBs being generated by coalescing NSswas predicted by Lipunov & Panchenko (1996). A sufﬁciently closeneutron binary transforms, by emitting gravitational waves, into asupercompact system with a lifetime of several milliseconds (sev-eral orbital revolutions). In the process, strong electric ﬁelds aregenerated and conditions arise for acceleration of relativistic parti-cles, which, in turn, generate non-thermal radio emission (see alsoHansen & Lyutikov 2001; Lyutikov 2013). Furthermore, Lipunova(1997) pointed out that a merger of NSs produces a highly mag-netized and rapidly rotating object (a spinar), which can lose upto 10 per cent of its total energy in the form of electromagneticradiation in the process of collapse (cf. Lipunova & Lipunov 1998;Lipunov & Gorbovskoy 2007a; Pshirkov & Postnov 2010). How-ever, the radiation of a rapidly and, possibly, differentially rotatingspinar has to be highly concentrated along the axis of the objectand, most likely, should be properly identiﬁed with the gamma-rayburst (GRB; Lipunov & Gorbovskoy 2007b).
Consumption of Substances in Nightlife Settings: A Qualitative Approach in Young Andalusians (Spain)

Adolescence and youth are stages of exploration and experimentation, when the consumption of psychoactive substances for recreational or experimental purposes often begins. The general objective of this study was to explore youth consumption habits in nightlife settings and associated factors in Andalusia (Spain). To this end, we took into account young people’s perceptions about patterns of drug polyconsumption in nightlife settings and the perceptions and actions of health and teaching professionals towards this issue. We carried out a qualitative methodology with 24 in-depth interviews and 3 discussion groups with Andalusian girls and boys aged between 16 and 22 (n = 45) and 13 in-depth interviews with social agents (health and teaching professionals). We performed narrative discourse analysis and triangulation of identified categories and measured the units of analysis. The results show information relating to gender, age of initiation, most commonly consumed substances, motivation and effects, peer group pressure and how they obtained the substances, and the perceptions held and main activities carried out in the educational institutions and health centers.
Circ_0000144 functions as a miR-623 sponge to enhance gastric cancer progression via up-regulating GPRC5A

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs serve as critical roles in human cancer, including GC. In the present study, we focused on the detailed function and mechanism of circ_0000144 on GC progression. Methods: The levels of circ_0000144, miR-623 and G-protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A (GPRC5A) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Targeted relationships among circ_0000144, miR-623 and GPRC5A were confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Measurement of glutamine and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) levels was performed using a corresponding assay kit. GPRC5A protein expression was detected using Western blot. In vivo assays were used to explore the impact of circ_0000144 on tumor growth. Results: Our data indicated that circ_0000144 was up-regulated and miR-623 was down-regulated in GC tissues and cells. Circ_0000144 interacted with miR-623 through directly binding to miR-623. Moreover, the knockdown of circ_0000144 weakened GC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and glutaminolysis and accelerated cell apoptosis by up-regulating miR-623. GPRC5A was a direct target of miR-623 and circ_0000144 protected against GPRC5A repression through sponging miR-623. Furthermore, miR-623-mediated regulation on GC cell progression was reversed by the stored expression of GPRC5A. Additionally, circ_0000144 depletion inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: Our study indicated that circ-0000144 knockdown repressed GC progression at least partly by regulating GPRC5A expression via sponging miR-623, illumining a novel therapeutic target for GC treatment.
Expanding our understanding of ovarian cancer risk: the role of incomplete pregnancies.

BACKGROUND Parity is associated with decreased risk of invasive ovarian cancer; however, the relationship between incomplete pregnancies and invasive ovarian cancer risk is unclear. This relationship was examined using 15 case-control studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Histotype-specific associations, which have not been examined previously with large sample sizes, were also evaluated. METHODS A pooled analysis of 10,470 invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 16,942 controls was conducted. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between incomplete pregnancies and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were estimated using logistic regression. All models were conditioned on OCAC study, race/ethnicity, age, and education level, and adjusted for number of complete pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, and history of breastfeeding. The same approach was used for histotype-specific analyses. RESULTS Ever having an incomplete pregnancy was associated with a 16% reduction in ovarian cancer risk (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.89). There was a trend of decreasing risk with increasing number of incomplete pregnancies (two-sided Ptrend <.001). An inverse association was observed for all major histotypes; it was strongest for clear cell ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Incomplete pregnancies are associated with a reduced risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Pregnancy, including incomplete pregnancy, was associated with a greater reduction in risk of clear cell ovarian cancer, but the result was broadly consistent across histotypes. Future work should focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying this reduced risk.
Early life exposure to nicotine: Postnatal metabolic, neurobehavioral and metabolic outcomes and the development of childhood cancers.

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal and developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences in the adult offspring. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) have been developed as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and are considered safer alternatives for women to smoke during pregnancy. The safety of NRT use during pregnancy has been evaluated in a limited number of short-term human trials, but there is currently no information on the long-term effects of developmental nicotine exposure in humans. However, animal studies suggest that nicotine alone may be a key chemical responsible for many of the long-term effects associated with maternal cigarette smoking on the offspring and increases the risk of adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, dysmetabolism, respiratory illness and cancer. This review will examine the long-term effects of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure on postnatal health.
Sustained Effects on Lung Function in Community Members Following Exposure to Hazardous PM2.5 Levels from Wildfire Smoke

Extreme wildfire events are becoming more common and while the immediate risks of particulate exposures to susceptible populations (i.e., elderly, asthmatics) are appreciated, the long-term health effects are not known. In 2017, the Seeley Lake (SL), MT area experienced unprecedented levels of wildfire smoke from July 31 to September 18, with a daily average of 220.9 μg/m3. The aim of this study was to conduct health assessments in the community and evaluate potential adverse health effects. The study resulted in the recruitment of a cohort (n = 95, average age: 63 years), for a rapid response screening activity following the wildland fire event, and two follow-up visits in 2018 and 2019. Analysis of spirometry data found a significant decrease in lung function (FEV1/FVC ratio: forced expiratory volume in first second/forced vital capacity) and a more than doubling of participants that fell below the lower limit of normal (10.2% in 2017 to 45.9% in 2018) one year following the wildfire event, and remained decreased two years (33.9%) post exposure. In addition, observed FEV1 was significantly lower than predicted values. These findings suggest that wildfire smoke can have long-lasting effects on human health. As wildfires continue to increase both here and globally, understanding the health implications is vital to understanding the respiratory impacts of these events as well as developing public health strategies to mitigate the effects.
Investigating the decline in Lymphogranuloma venereum diagnoses in men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom since 2016: an analysis of surveillance data.

Background:Following an upward trajectory in Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) diagnoses in the UK from 2004 to 2016, with annual diagnoses increasing from 28 to 904, diagnoses fell to 641 in 2017; this was inconsistent with the upward trend in other bacterial sexually transmissible infections (STIs) between 2016 and 2017. An analysis of surveillance data from multiple sources to investigate the possible factors contributing to this decline in LGV was performed. Methods: LGV tests and diagnoses in the UK from 2004 to 2018 were captured through laboratory data from the LGV Reference Laboratories and laboratories conducting in-house LGV testing. These data and clinical diagnoses data from England were analysed alongside the national management guidelines issued over the course of the epidemic. Results: LGV diagnoses increased between 2004 and 2015 and then decreased between 2016 and 2018. LGV testing increased from 2010 to 2018 (2690-10850). Test positivity halved between 2015 (14.8%, 929-6272) and 2018 (7.3%, 791-10850). Peaks in LGV testing and diagnoses appeared to coincide with the publication of national LGV management guidelines and changes to clinical practice. The proportion of LGV diagnoses among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) fell between 2013 and 2018 (74-48%). Conclusions: The fall in diagnoses and positivity were likely due to increasing earlier clinical diagnosis and treatment. Changes to the national management guidelines, the clinical policy and practice of some larger clinics and potentially changes to the guidelines for the treatment of chlamydia broadened the scope of testing and increased testing in asymptomatic patients which, in combination, likely had a positive effect on the control of LGV infection.
Germs of holomorphic mappings between real algebraic hypersurfaces

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Evaluating Assertion Set Completeness to Expose Hardware Trojans and Verification Blindspots

Assertion-based verification has been adopted by industry as an efficient specification mechanism. Handwritten assertions encode design intent in a parsable format and have been traditionally used to verify an implementation conforms to the properties outlined by the assertions. Our work makes the observation that design behavior not covered by the assertion set is equally revealing and can be leveraged to identify malicious behavior (hardware Trojans) as well as verification blindspots. The difficulty in examining this unspecified and unverified behavior is differentiating between benign functionality that is truly don’t care and that which leaks information or violates design intent. Prior work exploring assertion set completeness suffers from this inability to distinguish benign unspecified functionality from actual verification holes, while existing Trojan detection techniques can differentiate these categories, but require unspecified functionality already be characterized. Our technique uses the assertion set and simulation trace data available in most industry design flows to characterize unspecified functionality then separates Trojans and verification blindspots from benign behavior using existing Trojan detection methods. Using our technique, we uncover missing functionality in a first-in first-out (FIFO) queue implementation and demonstrate detection of information leakage Trojans. We also illustrate Trojan detection for a system containing several components connected by an AXI4-Lite bus by analyzing the completeness of the AXI4-Lite assertion set provided by ARM.
Colloquium: Artificial spin ice : Designing and imaging magnetic frustration

Frustration, the presence of competing interactions, is ubiquitous in the physical sciences and is a source of degeneracy and disorder, which in turn gives rise to new and interesting physical phenomena. Perhaps nowhere does it occur more simply than in correlated spin systems, where it has been studied in the most detail. In disordered magnetic materials, frustration leads to spin-glass phenomena, with analogies to the behavior of structural glasses and neural networks. In structurally ordered magnetic materials, it has also been the topic of extensive theoretical and experimental studies over the past two decades. Such geometrical frustration has opened a window to a wide range of fundamentally new exotic behavior. This includes spin liquids in which the spins continue to fluctuate down to the lowest temperatures, and spin ice, which appears to retain macroscopic entropy even in the low-temperature limit where it enters a topological Coulomb phase. In the past seven years a new perspective has opened in the study of frustration through the creation of artificial frustrated magnetic systems. These materials consist of arrays of lithographically fabricated single-domain ferromagnetic nanostructures that behave like giant Ising spins. The nanostructures’ interactions can be controlled through appropriate choices of their geometric properties and arrangement on a (frustrated) lattice. The degrees of freedom of the material can not only be directly tuned, but also individually observed. Experimental studies have unearthed intriguing connections to the out-of-equilibrium physics of disordered systems and nonthermal “granular” materials, while revealing strong analogies to spin ice materials and their fractionalized magnetic monopole excitations, lending the enterprise a distinctly interdisciplinary flavor. The experimental results have also been closely coupled to theoretical and computational analyses, facilitated by connections to classic models of frustrated magnetism, whose hitherto unobserved aspects have here found an experimental realization. Considerable experimental and theoretical progress in this field is reviewed here, including connections to other frustrated phenomena, and future vistas for progress in this rapidly expanding field are outlined.
MUSIC CONTENT DRIVEN AUTOMATED CHOREOGRAPHY WITH BEAT-WISE MOTION CONNECTIVITY CONSTRAINTS

We propose a novel method for generating choreographies driven by music content analysis. Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted in this field, a way to leverage various music features or music content in automated choreography has not been proposed. Previous methods suffer from a limitation in which they often generate motions giving the impression of randomness and lacking context. In this research, we first discuss what types of music content information can be used in automated choreography and then argue that creating choreography that reflects this music content requires novel beatwise motion connectivity constraints. Finally, we propose a probabilistic framework for generating choreography that satisfies both music content and motion connectivity constraints. The evaluation indicates that the choreographies generated by our proposed method were chosen as having more realistic dance motion than those generated without the constraints.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase Expression in Heart Tissue during Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice : Arginase I Is Expressed in Infiltrating CD 68 Macrophages

Henar Cuervo,1 Miguel A. Pineda,1 M. Pilar Aoki,2 Susana Gea,2 Manuel Fresno,1,a and Núria Gironès1 1Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)–Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; 2Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Immunologia (CIBICI)–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
Transplantation of cell sheets from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells effectively induces angiogenesis in ischemic skeletal muscle

Индукция роста сосудов с помощью клеточной и генной терапии (известная как терапевтический ангиогенез) является одним из наиболее перспективных методов лечения целого ряда ишемических заболеваний – ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) и ишемии нижних конечностей [1]. Для этой цели в различных работах были использованы клетки, выделенные из костного мозга, периферической крови, плаценты, жировой ткани. При этом мезенхимальные стромальные клетки жировой ткани (МСК ЖТ) являются одним из наиболее доступных источников клеточного материала для терапевтического ангиогенеза [2]. Обладающие высокой паракринной активностью и способностью к эндотелиальной дифференцировке [3], МСК ЖТ сравнительно легко могут быть получены с помощью биопсии жировой ткани или при хирургических вмешательствах [4]. С подробным анализом тераТранспланТация клеТочных пласТоВ из мезенхимальных сТромальных клеТок жироВой Ткани эффекТиВно индуцируеТ ангиогенез В ишемизироВанных скелеТных мышцах П. И. Макаревич 1, 2, М. А. Болдырева 1, К. В. Дергилёв 1, Е. В. Глуханюк 2, Ю. О. Галлингер 2, А. Ю. Ефименко 2, В. А. Ткачук 2, Е. В. Парфёнова 1 1 Институт экспериментальной кардиологии, Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс Минздрава РФ, Москва, Россия 2 Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия
Encouraging Meditative Experiences through Respiratory-Musical Interaction

We have designed and implemented a chamber of complete darkness where users shape a peaceful soundscape using only their respiration. This interactive system was designed to foster a meditative experience by facilitating users’ sense of immersion while following a specific attentional pattern characteristic of mindfulness. The goal of Sonic Cradle is twofold: first, to trigger the proven effects of mindfulness on stress, and second, to help teach and demystify the concept of meditation for users’ longterm benefit. This short research note situates and presents this interaction design concept and its first implementation. We conclude by touching upon ongoing co-design sessions and our long-term plans for mixed methods validation.
Nutritional status of infant and young children at a tertiary care hospital and factors affecting the nutritional status

The guidelines have been framed at international level. As per these guidelines, they recommend giving exclusive breast feeding to the infant for not less than six months, give the breast feeding to the infant on demand, continue the breast feeding to the infant for up to two years, and as per child requirements complementary feeding should be given at an appropriate age. Special attention has to be given to achieve proper growth towards the infants and young children. This is a special high-risk group which is vulnerable to malnutrition as this period is a period of rapid growth.
A Review of WIMP Baryogenesis Mechanisms

It was recently proposed that weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) may provide new ways of generating the observed baryon asymmetry in the early universe, as well as addressing the cosmic coincidence between dark matter and baryon abundances. This suggests a new possible connection between weak scale new particle physics and modern cosmology. This review summarizes the general ideas and simple model examples of the two recently proposed WIMP baryogenesis mechanisms: baryogenesis from WIMP dark matter annihilation during thermal freezeout, and baryogenesis from metastable WIMP decay after thermal freezeout. This letter also discusses the interesting phenomenology of these models, in particular the experimental signals that can be probed in the intensity frontier experiments and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments.
Some new results on the state liveness of open guidepath-based traffic systems

Guidepath-based traffic systems is a pertinent abstraction that has been used extensively by the Discrete Event Systems (DES) community for the study of the traffic dynamics that take place in the automated unit-load material handling systems (MHS) encountered in various production and distribution facilities. A particular problem that has drawn extensive attention in the DES-based investigation of these systems, is the preservation of the system “liveness” i.e., the preservation of the ability of the system agents to complete successfully their currently allocated tasks and engage repeatedly to similar tasks in the future. The first part of this paper establishes that for a large subclass of the considered traffic systems, the preservation of their traffic liveness in a maximally permissive manner reduces to the observation of a particular property that must be possessed by the admitted traffic states. The second part of the paper provides some complexity analysis for assessing the aforementioned property on any given traffic state, under some further assumptions regarding the operation of the considered traffic systems and the structure of the traffic states under consideration. 11 The first author was partially supported by NSF grant ECCS-1707695 and the second author by the GARC project GC19-06175J.