Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Anatomy of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Overlapping Genes Encoding Infected-Cell Protein 22 and US1.5 Protein

ABSTRACT Earlier studies have shown that (i) the coding domain of the α22 gene encodes two proteins, the 420-amino-acid infected-cell protein 22 (ICP22) and a protein, US1.5, which is initiated from methionine 147 of ICP22 and which is colinear with the remaining portion of that protein; (ii) posttranslational processing of ICP22 mediated largely by the viral protein kinase UL13 yields several isoforms differing in electrophoretic mobility; and (iii) mutants lacking the carboxyl-terminal half of the ICP22 and therefore ΔUS1.5 are avirulent and fail to express normal levels of subsets of both α (e.g., ICP0) or γ2 (e.g., US11 and UL38) proteins. We have generated and analyzed two sets of recombinant viruses. The first lacked portions of or all of the sequences expressed solely by ICP22. The second set lacked 10 to 40 3′-terminal codons of ICP22 and US1.5. The results were as follows. (i) In cells infected with mutants lacking amino-terminal sequences, translation initiation begins at methionine 147. The resulting protein cannot be differentiated in mobility from authentic US1.5, and its posttranslational processing is mediated by the UL13 protein kinase. (ii) Expression of US11 and UL38 genes by mutants carrying only the US1.5 gene is similar to that of wild-type parent virus. (iii) Mutants which express only US1.5 protein are avirulent in mice. (iv) The coding sequences Met147 to Met171 are essential for posttranslational processing of the US1.5 protein. (v) ICP22 made by mutants lacking 15 or fewer of the 3′-terminal codons are posttranslationally processed whereas those lacking 18 or more codons are not processed. (vi) Wild-type and mutant ICP22 proteins localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm irrespective of posttranslational processing. We conclude that ICP22 encodes two sets of functions, one in the amino terminus unique to ICP22 and one shared by ICP22 and US1.5. These functions are required for viral replication in experimental animals. US1.5 protein must be posttranslationally modified by the UL13 protein kinase to enable expression of a subset of late genes exemplified by UL38 and US11. Posttranslational processing is determined by two sets of sequences, at the amino terminus and at the carboxyl terminus of US1.5, respectively, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that both domains interact with protein partners for specific functions.
THE ROLE OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS IN THE ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH EFFECT IN CHICKENS.

Abstract MANY workers have attempted to find a correlation between the antibiotic growth effect and the presence or absence of certain bacterial types in the intestinal tract. The microorganism most often implicated has been Clostridium welchii. Thus, Sieburth et al. (1951) found C. welchii in the cecal contents of turkey poults on normal rations. These were virtually eliminated by feeding 15 p.p.m. oxytetracycline. Lev et al. (1957) found C. welchii in the ceca of birds in infected, but not in uninfected quarters. Lev and Forbes (1959) reported that C. welchii depressed growth of germ-free birds. This depression was reversed when penicillin was fed. Other organisms have also been reported to decrease in numbers when antibiotics were fed. Dixon and Thayer (1951), Anderson et al. (1952), and Sieburth et al. (1954), reported decreases in numbers of enterococci in birds fed antibiotics. Slinger et al. (1954) associated the presence of enterococci in the…
Saturated hydraulic conductivity prediction from microscopic pore geometry measurements and neural network analysis

Traditional models to describe hydraulic properties in soils are constrained by the assumption of cylindrical capillarity to account for the geometry of the pore space. This study was conducted to develop a new methodology to directly measure the porosity and its microscopic characteristics. The methodology is based on the analysis of binary images collected with a backscattered electron detector from thin sections of soils. Pore surface area, perimeter, roughness, circularity, and maximum and average diameter were quantified in 36 thin sections prepared from undisturbed soils. Saturated hydraulic conductivity Ksat, particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, and chemical properties were determined on the same cores. We used the Kozeny‐Carman equation and neural network and bootstrap analysis to predict a formation factor from microscopic, macroscopic, and chemical data. The predicted Ksat was in excellent agreement with the measured Ksat (R2=0.91) when a hydraulic radius rH defined as pore area divided by pore perimeter and the formation factor were included in the Kozeny‐Carman equation.
Design and analysis of biomimetic joints for morphing of micro air vehicles

Flight capability for micro air vehicles is rapidly maturing throughout the aviation community; however, mission capability has not yet matured at the same pace. Maintaining trim during a descent or in the presence of crosswinds remains challenging for fixed-wing aircraft but yet is routinely performed by birds. This paper presents an overview of designs that incorporate morphing to enhance their flight characteristics. In particular, a series of joints and structures is adopted from seagulls to alter either the dihedral or sweep of the wings and thus alter the flight characteristics. The resulting vehicles are able to trim with significantly increased angles of attack and sideslip compared to traditional fixed-wing vehicles.
Establishment of the Callus Culture of Elaeagnus angustifolia to Produce Proanthocyanidins and Effect of UV-B Radiation on Its Accumulation

Callus culture of Elaeagnus angustifolia was established with the objective to produce proanthocyanidins. The effects of different conditions on the callus growth and the production of proanthocyanidins were researched. The leaf tissue part of Elaeagnus angustifolia was optimum explant of callus induction. The best callus growth and the highest proanthocyanidins production was obtained under the culture on MS basal medium containing 4.50 μmol·L 2, 4-D and 2.20 μmol·L BA. The optimum time of subculture was 20-25 d. The content of proanthocyanidins in callus was up to 56.25 mg·g DW. Callus bud differentiation exhibited a negative correlation with proanthocyanins accumulation, UV-B radiation had remarkable promoting effects on the accumulation of proanthocyanidins in the callus of Elaeagnus angustifolia. KeywordsElaeagnus angustifolia L, callus, proanthocyanidins Abbreviations PGR, plant growth regulator; DW, dry weight; FW, fresh weight; 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; BA, 6bezyladenine; NAA, α-naphthaleneacetic acid; IAA, Indole-3-acetic acid
Procedural and declarative memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with frontostriatal abnormality. This has led to the hypothesis that the disorder is characterized by abnormality of procedural memory. However, evidence for either procedural or declarative memory disturbance has been mixed, and few studies have directly assessed both of these forms of memory in the same patient group. In the present study, we assessed encoding and retrieval in declarative memory using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and procedural memory using the Pursuit Rotor Task, in 27 adults with OCD and 29 matched healthy controls. Groups did not differ with respect to salient demographic characteristics or memory on the RAVLT. In contrast, patients with OCD performed significantly better than controls during the early, but not later trial blocks of the Pursuit Rotor Task. This pattern of results indicates intact encoding and retrieval in declarative memory, but abnormally enhanced procedural memory during the early course of learning in OCD. These findings may be consistent with striatal overactivation observed in neuroimaging studies of OCD, as well as the prominent role of the striatum during early stages of procedural memory. (JINS, 2004, 10, 647–654.)
Imprinted X chromosome inactivation: evolution of mechanisms in distantly related mammals

Abstract In females, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) ensures transcriptional silencing of one of the two Xs (either in a random or imprinted fashion) in somatic cells. Comparing this silencing between species has offered insight into different mechanisms of X inactivation, providing clues into the evolution of this epigenetic process in mammals. Long-noncoding RNAs have emerged as a common theme in XCI of therian mammals (eutherian and marsupial). Eutherian X inactivation is regulated by the noncoding RNA product of XIST, within a cis-acting master control region called the X inactivation center (XIC). Marsupials XCI is XIST independent. Instead, XCI is controlled by the long-noncoding RNA Rsx, which appears to be a functional analog of the eutherian XIST gene, insofar that its transcript coats the inactive X and represses activity of genes in cis. In this review we discuss XCI in eutherians, and contrast imprinted X inactivation in mouse and marsupials. We provide particular focus on the evolution of genomic elements that confer the unique epigenetic features that characterize the inactive X chromosome.
Ventricular ypertrophy : A “ Factor of Risk ” ass Is Reversible , but Is the Risk ?

eft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), specifically as it relates o systemic arterial hypertension, is a major risk factor nderlying coronary heart disease (CHD). The reduction of entricular mass has not yet been demonstrated to amelioate that risk, even though several reports have attested to he fact that left ventricular (LV) mass is reduced by drugs. his commentary concerns the subject of two papers pubished in this issue of the Journal (1,2) that address this opic.
Advances in Brief Nuclear Factor-B Protects the Liver against Genotoxic Stress and Functions Independently of p 531

p53 and NFB are two key effectors in the chemotherapy-induced genotoxic response. Although p53 is a universal inducer of apoptotosis in many stress responses, including the genotoxic response, the role of nuclear factor (NF)B is not consistent and was reported to both counteract and mediate apoptosis. Although the reason for the apparent contradictory effects of NFB is not understood, it may partly be related to the reported cross-regulation of NFB and p53. Thus far, all studies exploring the cross-talk between p53 and NFB in conjunction with apoptosis have been performed in tissue-cultured cells and may therefore not faithfully represent conditions that prevail within a chemotherapy-subjected organism. To address this concern, we examined the respective roles of NFB and p53 in a liver model of doxorubicin-induced DNA damage. Using this animal model, we report that NFB is activated in response to doxorubicin-induced genotoxic stress and exerts a pronounced protective effect in opposing chemotherapy-induced tissue damage. Importantly, the activation of NFB occurs independently of p53 status. Furthermore, although p53 is also induced in this in vivo system, its induction is independent of NFB and does not contribute to the extent of tissue damage. These findings may have important implications with respect to the potential use of NFB modulators in cancer therapy.
Technologies for a Thing-Centric Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) offers challenges that are being met by the convergence of multiple technologies, which have matured rapidly over the past decade. Broadband communication and mobile platforms enable raw data collection and its transmission to the cloud. Data science, e.g., deep learning, transforms large amounts of data from the Internet-connected sensors and personal devices in meaningful information. Nevertheless, several challenges remain open. In particular, the data deluge hinders scalability, with massive amounts of data being sent from the edge to the cloud, often unnecessarily. Simultaneously, an increasing number of smart objects must operate over extremely long time frames, necessitating sustainability. Energy efficiency is therefore a key element of the future IoT. In this paper, we identify three critical aspects for a thing-centric vision of the internet of things: sensing, processing, communication technologies. We start from the current advanced state of the art then sketch future strategies for a scalable and sustainable IoT.
Multipath transmission architecture for heterogeneous wireless networks

As growth of network technology and device technology, smart devices equipped multiple network interfaces now are increasingly emerging, and also these are able to communicate with other devices and services using the multiple networks simultaneously. Currently, transmission method using concurrent multiple paths has been studied in IETF, however there are several problems for performance degradation when traffic flows are transmitted through multiple paths over wireless networks. For instance, mobile user moving fast to different wireless network is occurring to frequently re-establish new sub-paths, so that overall throughput could be degraded even though communication session is maintained. Therefore, the paper identifies above problems and introduces new multipath transmission support architecture for heterogeneous wireless networks. The architecture introduces a novel entity ‘Multipath Anchor (MA)’, which supports not only multipath transmission but also deployabiliy by proxing and relaying packets to the receiver. Basic transmission process and handover process are describes. And we also discuss about deployment issues to realize the architecture, so MA can be installed by 3rd party. In the future works, the architecture will be implemented based on NetFPGA, and scheduling and traffic division policy will be proposed.
Laboratory Studies of a Sound System that Maintains Wakefulness

Two studies investigated the effects of a waking sound that enhances wakefulness. Study I investigated the effect of the sound level and Study 2 the effect of time and frequency variability of the sound. The recordings of EEG and subjective ratings were analysed to study the effect upon wakefulness. The waking effect increased when sound varied in duration and frequency. A number of specific conditions necessary for the waking effect are described. The exposure should be based on high frequency sounds and several tones chosen to produce disharmony. The exposure should be loud enough to be heard over the masking background noise. The duration and tonal quality should be variable from one presentation to another.
The fate of activated T cells migrating through the body: rescue from apoptosis in the tissue of origin

After activation within a lymphoid tissue, T lymphocytes enter the blood, where they circulate and then re‐enter many organs. However, they predominantly end up in the tissue of origin, a phenomenon so far thought to be caused by organ‐specific homing. We analyzed the fate of T cells from different sources stimulated via the T cell receptor and CD28 and then injected intravenously into rats. Our results showed that preferential proliferation and reduced apoptosis, rather than preferential immigration, were responsible for the accumulation of activated T cells in the tissue of origin, explaining how immune responses can spread from site to site but still be restricted to certain regions. Manipulating the life span of such cells might be a promising approach to influencing immune responses.
Design of RFID-Based Profiling Agent for Recommendation System in Smart Home

Research on ubiquitous environment has been being conducted actively until now. In particular, a user positioning system provides user location data, which is the most important context information in applications based on context information. Despite their many advantages, existing applications, which do not consider elements related to real¿time data communication among remote RFID devices, cannot support connections among heterogeneous devices effectively. As different network devices are installed in applications separately and go through different query analysis processes, there happen the delays of monitoring or errors in data conversion. A personalized profile is composed of Collector that contains the characteristics of the profile, Aggregator that collects profile data from various collectors, and Resolver that interprets profile collectors specific to profile characteristic include Contextual Information. The personalized module helps the service recommendation server make regular synchronization with the personalized profile. The proposed system can easily extend the matching of services to user profiles and matching between user profiles or between services.
Competitive-Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Serum Antibodies to Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus: Diagnostic Tool for Successful Eradication

ABSTRACT A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was evaluated for the detection of serum antibodies to the surface envelope (SU) of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats. This assay utilized 96-well microtiter plates containing CAEV-63 SU captured by monoclonal antibody (MAb) F7-299 and measured the competitive displacement of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated MAb GPB 74A binding by undiluted goat sera (F. Özyörük, W. P. Cheevers, G. A. Hullinger, T. C. McGuire, M. Hutton, and D. P. Knowles, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8:44-51, 2001). Two hundred serum samples from goats in the United States were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of cELISA based on the immunoprecipitation (IP) of [35S]methionine-labeled viral antigens as a standard of comparison. A positive cELISA was defined as >33.2% inhibition of MAb 74A binding based on 2 standard deviations above the mean percent inhibition of 140 IP-negative serum samples. At this cutoff value, there were 0 of 60 false-negative sera (100% sensitivity) and 5 of 140 false-positive sera (96.4% specificity). Additional studies utilized IP-monitored cELISA to establish a CAEV-free herd of 1,640 dairy goats.
Midlife Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Dementia Over 43 Years of Follow-Up: A Population-Based Study From the Swedish Twin Registry.

BACKGROUND Midlife alcohol consumption (beer, wine, and spirits) was examined in relation to dementia incidence over 43 years. METHODS Participants were 12,326 members of the population-based Swedish Twin Registry born during 1907-1925 who responded to items about alcohol consumption in 1967/1970, subsequently classified as nondrinking (0 grams of ethanol per day), light (1-5g/d), moderate (5-12g/d), heavy (12-24g/d), and very heavy (>24g/d) drinking. Dementia was identified from the National Patient and Cause of Death Registries. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for cluster-correlated data were used in cohort analyses. Conditional logistic regression (dementia-discordant pairs) and mixed effects models (dementia-concordant pairs) were used in twin analyses. RESULTS Overall, nondrinkers did not differ from light drinkers in dementia risk. Heavy drinking (hazard ratio = 1.10, p = .028) and very heavy drinking (hazard ratio = 1.18, p = .033) were associated with increased dementia risk controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors. More alcohol from spirits was related to increased risk of dementia, whereas more alcohol from wine with decreased risk, although the association for wine reversed direction at high amounts. Relative to co-twins drinking light amounts, moderate-to-heavy drinking twins had (a) greater risk of dementia by 57% (p = .006, 300% in monozygotic pairs only) and (b) reduced time to dementia by 4.76 years (p = .019, 4.78 years in monozygotic pairs only). CONCLUSION Averaging more than 12 grams of alcohol per day may increase risk of dementia. Alcohol from spirits appears particularly important for the increased dementia risk. Genetic and/or familial factors do not explain these associations. Alcohol use reduction may be a useful population-wide intervention strategy.
Extending Monolingual Semantic Textual Similarity Task to Multiple Cross-lingual Settings

This paper describes our independent effort for extending the monolingual semantic textual similarity (STS) task setting to multiple cross-lingual settings involving English, Japanese, and Chinese. So far, we have adopted a “monolingual similarity after translation” strategy to predict the semantic similarity between a pair of sentences in different languages. With this strategy, a monolingual similarity method is applied after having (one of) the target sentences translated into a pivot language. Therefore, this paper specifically details the required and developed resources to implement this framework, while presenting our current results for English-Japanese-Chinese cross-lingual STS tasks that may exemplify the validity of the framework.
From Tip to Base: Parallel Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses of Successive Stages of Maize Leaf Development

Maize ( Zea mays ) leaves mature from tip to base. Thus, the entire sequence of development can be found along the length of a young, unexpanded maize leaf at the same point in time. Proliferative, symmetric cell divisions occur at the leaf base (zone 1). Distal to zone 1, symmetric divisions give
Convolutional Encoding in Bidirectional Attention Flow for Question Answering

Deep learning systems for complex natural language processing tasks like question answering are often large, cumbersome models that require excessive computational power and time. We seek to address this issue by exploring efficient and parallelizable alternatives to the more computationally expensive components of one of the top-performing question-answering architectures. In particular, we examine the use of convolutional neural networks as a replacement for the default long-short term memory units used to encode the context and question input text. The architecture we use is a streamlined version of the bidirectional attention flow model by Minjoon Seo at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.
Principles of Nano-Optics: Probe–sample distance control

1. Introduction 2. Theoretical foundations 3. Propagation and focusing of optical fields 4. Spatial resolution and position accuracy 5. Nanoscale optical microscopy 6. Near-field optical probes 7. Probe-sample distance control 8. Light emission and optical interaction in nanoscale environments 9. Quantum emitters 10. Dipole emission near planar interfaces 11. Photonic crystals and resonators 12. Surface plasmons 13. Forces in confined fields 14. Fluctuation-induced phenomena 15. Theoretical methods in nano-optics Appendices Index.