Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcription of the stability operon of IncFII plasmid NR1

The stability (stb) locus of IncFII plasmid NR1 is composed of an essential cis-acting DNA site located upstream from two tandem genes that encode essential stability proteins. The stb locus was found to be transcribed from a promoter site just upstream from the first gene, stbA. This promoter was active for transcription both in vivo and in vitro and was located within the region that includes the essential cis-acting site. Transcripts initiated from this site were approximately 1,500 to 1,600 nucleotides in length. Northern (RNA) blot analysis indicated that the transcripts traversed both stbA and the downstream gene, stbB. Mutants from which the promoter had been deleted failed to produce detectable transcripts from either stbA or stbB. Transcription of a third open reading frame, stbC, which is contained within the stbB gene in the opposite DNA strand, could not be detected. For a mutant in which a transposon had been inserted in stbA, no transcription of stbB was detected. After deletion of most of the transposon, which left behind a 35-bp frameshift insertion in stbA, transcription of stbB was restored, although the insertion still had a polar effect on stbB function. The rate of in vivo transcription of the stb locus was measured by pulse-labeling of RNA followed by quantitative RNA-DNA hybridization. Mutants deleted of stbB had an approximately 10-fold increase in the rate of transcription, whereas those deleted of the promoter region had at least a 10-fold reduction in transcription rate. The half-life of stb mRNA was approximately 2 min. These data suggest that stbA and stbB are cotranscribed as an operon that may be autoregulated.
Characterization of the hipA7 allele of Escherichia coli and evidence that high persistence is governed by (p)ppGpp synthesis

The ability of a high frequency (10−2) of Escherichia coli to survive prolonged exposure to penicillin antibiotics, called high persistence, is associated with mutations in the hipA gene. The hip operon is located in the chromosomal terminus near dif and consists of two genes, hipA and hipB. The wild‐type hipA gene encodes a toxin, whereas hipB encodes a DNA‐binding protein that autoregulates expression of the hip operon and binds to HipA to nullify its toxic effects. We have characterized the hipA7 allele, which confers high persistence, and established that HipA7 is non‐toxic, contains two mutations (G22S and D291A) and that both mutations are required for the full range of phenotypes associated with hip mutants. Furthermore, expression of hipA7 in the absence of hipB is sufficient to establish the high persistent phenotype, indicating that hipB is not required. There is a strong correlation between the frequency of persister cells generated by hipA7 strains and cell density, with hipA7 strains generating a 20‐fold higher frequency of persisters as cultures approach stationary phase. It is also demonstrated that relA knock‐outs diminish the high persistent phenotype in hipA7 mutants and that relA spoT knock‐outs eliminate high persistence altogether, suggesting that hipA7 facilitates the establishment of the persister state by inducing (p)ppGpp synthesis. Consistent with this proposal, ectopic expression of relA′ from a plasmid was shown to increase the number of persistent cells produced by hipA7 relA double mutants by 100‐fold or more. A model is presented that postulates that hipA7 increases the basal level of (p)ppGpp synthesis, allowing a significantly greater percentage of cells in a population to assume a persistent, antibiotic‐insensitive state by potentiating a rapid transition to a dormant state upon application of stress.
Designing Digital Objects to Scaffold Learning

Digital objects in learning games provide opportunities to scaffold teacher and student learning toward deeper epistemological understanding of the concepts they represent. Representations encapsulated in digital objects, however, have the potential to misrepresent the concepts they stand in place of. Using student and teacher interview data after playing a physics learning game, analysis of the role of representations in studentsO epistemological development led to two design recommendations. When designing digital objects to effectively scaffold concepts, designers should pay attention to the ways in which learning environments explore the nature of core concepts represented by digital objects and explicitly model the meaning of the representations in the learning environment.
Evolutionary model for convergent margins facing large ocean basins: Mesozoic Baja California, Mexico

Mesozoic rocks of the Baja California Peninsula form a convergent-margin complex that is one of the best-preserved and longest-lived convergent-margin complexes in the world. It shows a three-phase evolutionary trend that we propose is typical of arc systems facing large ocean basins. The trend progresses from phase 1, highly extensional intraoceanic-arc systems, to phase 2, a mildly extensional fringing-arc system, to phase 3, a compressional continental-arc system. This trend is largely due to the progressively decreasing age of lithosphere that is sub- ducted. The modern Earth is strongly biased toward long-lived arc-trench systems, which are compressional, and so evolutionary models for convergent margins must be constructed from well-preserved ancient examples like Baja California.
Eye tracking : a perceptual interface for content based image retrieval

In this thesis visual search experiments are devised to explore the feasibility of an eye gaze driven search mechanism. The thesis first explores gaze behaviour on images possessing different levels of saliency. Eye behaviour was predominantly attracted by salient locations, but appears to also require frequent reference to non-salient background regions which indicated that information from scan paths might prove useful for image search. The thesis then specifically investigates the benefits of eye tracking as an image retrieval interface in terms of speed relative to selection by mouse, and in terms of the efficiency of eye tracking mechanisms in the task of retrieving target images. Results are analysed using ANOVA and significant findings are discussed. Results show that eye selection was faster than a computer mouse and experience gained during visual tasks carried out using a mouse would benefit users if they were subsequently transferred to an eye tracking system. Results on the image retrieval experiments show that users are able to navigate to a target image within a database confirming the feasibility of an eye gaze driven search mechanism. Additional histogram analysis of the fixations, saccades and pupil diameters in the human eye movement data revealed a new method of extracting intentions from gaze behaviour for image search, of which the user was not aware and promises even quicker search performances. The research has two implications for Content Based Image Retrieval: (i) improvements in query formulation for visual search and (ii) new methods for visual search using attentional weighting. Futhermore it was demonstrated that users are able to find target images at sufficient speeds indicating that pre-attentive activity is playing a role in visual search. A current review of eye tracking technology, current applications, visual perception research, and models of visual attention is discussed. A review of the potential of the technology for commercial exploitation is also presented.
Int´ egration de la Dimension Temporelle dans l'Analyse des R´ eseaux de Sant´ e en Francais

Le present document propose quelques elements sur l’analyse des reseaux humains par le biais de graphes dynamiques. Il se destine plus particulierement a l’evaluation de la capacite de communication des reseaux de sante francophones qui ont ete implantes ces dernieres annees dans les provinces canadiennes, suivant le modele vers l’unite pour la sante [1] recommande par l’OMS. Notre objectif dans ce premier rapport est de discuter les elements quantitatifs de la future analyse, afin d’anticiper les questions que devrait comporter notre questionnaire d’enquete visant a cartographier ces reseaux.
Neurobrucellosis in Stranded Dolphins, Costa Rica

Ten striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, stranded along the Costa Rican Pacific coast, had meningoencephalitis and antibodies against Brucella spp. Brucella ceti was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of 6 dolphins and 1 fetus. S. coeruleoalba constitutes a highly susceptible host and a potential reservoir for B. ceti transmission.
Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Wort-Bild Trainings zur Förderung der Lesefertigkeiten bei Lernschwierigkeiten und / oder onkologischen Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems

Neurokognitive Spatfolgen nach padiatrischem Hirntumor spielen bei der immer grosser werdenden Anzahl von Uberlebenden eine wichtige Rolle. Im Bereich der schulischen Fertigkeiten zeigen sich vor allem Defizite in der Lesekompetenz. Die Hauptziele der vorliegenden Studien bestanden darin, Hirnfunktionsstorungen bei einer ausgewahlten Gruppe von Kindern und Jugendlichen (Hirntumorpatienten) zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose zu erfassen, sowie Wissen uber alters- und intelligenzunabhangige Einflussmoglichkeiten auf die kognitive Leistung am Beispiel des Lesens bereitzustellen. Insgesamt flossen Daten von rund 180 Kindern und Jugendlichen in die jeweiligen Analysen ein, wobei sowohl ein klinisches Sample (Kinder und Jugendliche mit Krebserkrankungen) als auch Kinder aus unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen und in zwei verschiedenen Schulmodellen (Primarschule und Heilpadagogische Schule) berucksichtigt wurden. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass Krebserkrankungen, welche das zentrale Nervensystem betreffen, schon zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose Auswirkungen auf basale neurokognitive Fahigkeiten haben. Diese Defizite konnen zu einer Verzogerung der neurokognitiven Entwicklung beitragen. Daher mussen moglichst fruh padagogische und/oder therapeutische Massnahmen eingeleitet werden, welche in den Patienten- und Schulalltag implementiert werden konnen. Das hier vorgestellte neu entwickelte Wort-Bild-Training, das in einem ersten Schritt bei normalbegabten und geistig behinderten Kindern verschiedener Altersstufen positive Effekte auf die Verbesserung der Lesefertigkeit und des Leseverstandnisses gezeigt hat, konnte ebenfalls eine wertvolle Fordermoglichkeit fur Kinder mit Hirnfunktionsstorungen aufgrund onkologischer Erkrankungen darstellen. Obwohl die erreichte Verbesserung der Lesekompetenz eher klein ausfiel, wiesen die Effekte zumindest uber kurze Zeit eine gewisse Stabilitat auf. Dieser Befund spricht fur die Moglichkeit der Einflussnahme auf die Leseprozesse durch das (auf implizitem statistischen Lernen basierende) Training, widerspiegelt gleichzeitig aber auch deren Grenzen. Das gewonnene Wissen wird in Bezug auf die Relevanz fur die klinische und padagogische Praxis diskutiert. Ausgehend von den eigenen Studienergebnissen wird schliesslich angeregt, impliziten Lernstrategien in den Lehrplanen einen hoheren Stellenwert einzuraumen und mit der Forderung von einfachen Lesestrategien bei padiatrischen Hirntumorpatienten moglichst fruhzeitig zu beginnen.
Effects of underwater treadmill training on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury

Abstract Objective To document the effects of underwater treadmill training (UTT) on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Design Pre-test and post-test design. Setting Exercise physiology laboratory. Participants Adult volunteers with iSCI (n = 11). Intervention Participants completed 8 weeks (3 × /week) of UTT. Each training session consisted of three walks performed at a personalized speed, with adequate rest between walks. Body weight support remained constant for each participant and ranged from 29 to 47% of land body weight. Increases in walking speed and duration were staggered and imposed in a gradual and systematic fashion. Outcome measures Lower-extremity strength (LS), balance (BL), preferred and rapid walking speeds (PWS and RWS), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and daily step activity (DSA). Results Significant (P < 0.05) increases were observed in LS (13.1 ± 3.1 to 20.6 ± 5.1 N·kg−1), BL (23 ± 11 to 32 ± 13), PWS (0.41 ± 0.27 to 0.55 ± 0.28 m·s−1), RWS (0.44 ± 0.31 to 0.71 ± 0.40 m·s−1), 6MWD (97 ± 80 to 177 ± 122 m), and DSA (593 ± 782 to 1310 ± 1258 steps) following UTT. Conclusion Physical function and walking ability were improved in adults with iSCI following a structured program of UTT featuring individualized levels of body weight support and carefully staged increases in speed and duration. From a clinical perspective, these findings highlight the potential of UTT in persons with physical disabilities and diseases that would benefit from weight-supported exercise.
APPLICATIONS OF ASSOCIATION RULE MINING IN DIFFERENT DATABASES

Data mining uses expert methods and techniques to recognize trends and profiles hidden in data. Mining is an iterative process in a sequence. Data are comes from different sources such as different databases. Mining depends on databases. This research is for various association rule mining applications of different databases. There are different databases like large database, distributed database, medical database, relational database, spatial database. They are mined using in data mining techniques. For making decision association rule is most important. They are associated with association rule mining techniques.
Glucose Sensitivity of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels Is Impaired in β-Cells of the GK Rat: A New Genetic Model of NIDDM

In the Goto-Kakizaki rat, a new genetic model of NIDDM, insulin response to glucose is selectively impaired. To elucidate the mechanism of this abnormality, we studied the properties of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, the inhibition of which is a key step of insulin secretion induced by fuel substrates, using the patch-clamp technique. The glucose-sensitivity of KATP channels was considerably reduced in GK rats. However, the inhibitory effects of ATP on channel activity and unitary conductance were not significantly different between control and GK rats. Thus, it appears that the impaired insulinotropic action of glucose in β-cells of GK rats is attributable to insufficient closure of the KATP channels, probably because of deficient ATP production by impaired glucose metabolism. KATP-channel activities in both control and diabetic β-cells were found to be equally suppressed by glyceraldehyde and 2-ketoisocaproate. These results strongly suggest that the step responsible for the metabolic dysfunction of diabetic β-cells is located within the glycolytic pathway before glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or in the glycerol phosphate shuttle.
Expression of Clock genes in the pineal glands of newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Clock genes are involved in circadian rhythm regulation, and surviving newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may present with sleep-wake cycle reversal. This study aimed to determine the expression of the clock genes Clock and Bmal1, in the pineal gland of rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Results showed that levels of Clock mRNA were not significantly changed within 48 hours after cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. Expression levels of CLOCK and BMAL1 protein were significantly higher after 48 hours. The levels of Bmal1 mRNA reached a peak at 36 hours, but were significantly reduced at 48 hours. Experimental findings indicate that Clock and Bmal1 genes were indeed expressed in the pineal glands of neonatal rats. At the initial stage (within 36 hours) of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, only slight changes in the expression levels of these two genes were detected, followed by significant changes at 36–48 hours. These changes may be associated with circadian rhythm disorder induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
Examining the influence of clinician decision making on adherence to a clinical guideline.

OBJECTIVE Reluctance to follow treatment guidelines was illustrated previously by a study in this journal that found a 5% endorsement rate for a medication-switching algorithm for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The study presented here attempted to account for this low rate by using clinical vignettes to manipulate key factors. METHODS Twenty-one psychiatric residents responded to 64 vignettes. Expected progress and patient adherence to treatment were systematically manipulated within the vignettes, because they were most responsible for clinician decisions. Endorsement was analyzed using a fully crossed 4 x 2 within-subjects design. RESULTS When expected progress and patient adherence were factored in, mean endorsement ranged from 5% to 87%. Adding guideline variables (short-term progress assessment, current condition, and guideline step) expanded the endorsement range from 1% to 90%. CONCLUSIONS The low endorsement rate found previously is explained principally by the patient's expected progress. The brief report concludes by discussing ways to promote implementation when expected progress is only moderate.
Calidad en el servicio y satisfacción del pasajero en las aerolíneas de bajo costo en el estado de Sonora. Service Quality and Passanger Satisfaction in the Low Cost Airlines in the State of Sonora

The objective of this article is to establish a causal relationship between the dimensions that measure the quality of service and its impact on passenger satisfaction in the Low Cost Airlines in the state of Sonora, by applying 765 surveys and SERVPERF measurement method. The dimension with the highest impact was the Empathy, -customer individualized attention when providing the service-. A data regression model explained 62.9% of variability in passenger satisfaction. This information will provide a basis for attracting and where appropriate, retain most customers.
PRIoritized Multimedia Adaptation Scheme over Two-Hop Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (PRiMA)

Live multimedia streaming is one of the greatest promises of a wireless network operator. In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest in the feedback-oriented multimedia streaming in the wireless domain, in both industry and academia. However, the lack of an acceptable and guaranteed quality of service (QoS) in the wireless domain results in the media packets experiencing dynamic variations in bandwidth, delays and loss rate as they traverse from the sender to the receiver. Moreover, the plethora of wireless devices in the market ranging from i-phone and PDA to laptop, HDTV etc. makes it difficult to provide optimum video quality of the same multimedia content to all the devices simultaneously. In this work, a WiMAX-based two-hop cellular network is considered for multimedia transmission across different hand-held wireless devices. A feedback- based prioritized multimedia adaptive scheme (PRiMA) is proposed for two-hop heterogeneous wireless networks, which ensures that different clients receive the same video with different perceived quality (satisfactory, good and excellent); depending on: (a) the action content in the video, (b) the end-user's choice of service, and importantly, (c) the user's device characteristics. The base station (as the web server) communicates with the end-users through the relay nodes which act as proxy servers. It has been observed that such a prioritization not only results in a higher average perceived quality of the network but also provides a higher perceived quality to majority of the end-users, as compared to the case when there is no prioritization.
On Modeling a Social Networking Service Description

With the proliferation of the Internet, different online representations of social networks emerged, so-called online social networks (OSN), which allow for reflecting and building durable social networks over large distances. Unlike relationships in the physical world, OSN do not require a user to keep a connection alive by communicating at least sporadically. Instead, they foster the passive acquisition of information, so sources of information in form of passing acquaintances will not be lost. Mobile computing supports the use of OSN even more. Due to mobile devices and mobile Internet, online social networking becomes ubiquitous and people are able to exchange information over OSN at any time or place. Most online social networking platforms (OSNP) especially enhance mobile use cases, e.g., by offering push notification. This way, users are enabled to benefit fully from the knowledge of their contacts.
Toward a conceptual framework of key‐frame extraction and storyboard display for video summarization

Two key problems in developing a storyboard are (a) the extraction of video key frames and (b) the display of the storyboard. On the basis of our findings from a preliminary study as well as the results of previous studies on the computerized extraction of key frames and human recognition of images and videos, we propose an algorithm for the extraction of key frames and the structural display of a storyboard. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, we conducted an experiment, the results of which suggest that participants produce better summaries of the given videos when they view storyboards that are composed of key frames extracted using the proposed algorithmic method. This finding held, regardless of whether the display pattern used was sequential or structural. In contrast, the experimental results suggest that in the case of employing a mechanical method, the use of a structural display pattern yields greater performance in terms of participants' ability to summarize the given videos. Elaborating on our results, we discuss the practical implications of our findings for video summarization and retrieval.
Prevalence of acidosis and inflammation and their association with low serum albumin in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Low serum albumin is a strong risk factor for mortality, but its association with low serum bicarbonate and inflammation in the setting of mild to moderately decreased kidney function is uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from 15594 subjects over the age of 20 who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mL/min/1.73 m2 was estimated by the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation using appropriately calibrated serum creatinine. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin <3.8 g/dL) at a GFR of 90, 60, 30, and 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 19%, 21%, 38%, and 59%, respectively, while the age-adjusted prevalence of C-reactive protein (CRP) >or= 0.22 mg/dL was 36%, 44%, 69%, and 81%, respectively, both P trend <0.001. Age, female gender, non-Hispanic black compared with non-Hispanic white race, diabetes, hypertension, hepatitis C, urine albumin: creatinine ratio >1 g/g, dietary protein intake, dietary caloric intake, serum bicarbonate, CRP, and GFR category were all significant predictors of hypoalbuminemia on univariate analysis. On simultaneously adjusting for the above variables, hypertension, diabetes, GFR, and dietary protein and caloric intake were no longer significant independent predictors of hypoalbuminemia. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of serum bicarbonate (by quartile) for hypoalbuminemia was 1.0 for serum bicarbonate >28 mEq/L (reference), 1.25 for 26-28 mEq/L, 1.51 for 23-25 mEq/L, and 1.54 for <or=22 meq/L. The adjusted OR of CRP for hypoalbuminemia was 1.0 for CRP < 0.22 mg/dL (reference), 2.60 for 0.22-1.0 mg/dL, and 5.56 for >1.0 mg/dL. CONCLUSION Elevated CRP and low serum bicarbonate are independently associated with hypoalbuminemia, explaining much of the high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia in chronic kidney disease.