Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a quantum-mechanical description of metal-assisted phosphoryl transfer in pyrophosphatase

The wealth of kinetic and structural information makes inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) a good model system to study the details of enzymatic phosphoryl transfer. The enzyme accelerates metal-complexed phosphoryl transfer 1010-fold: but how? Our structures of the yeast PPase product complex at 1.15 Å and fluoride-inhibited complex at 1.9 Å visualize the active site in three different states: substrate-bound, immediate product bound, and relaxed product bound. These span the steps around chemical catalysis and provide strong evidence that a water molecule (Onu) directly attacks PPi with a pKa vastly lowered by coordination to two metal ions and D117. They also suggest that a low-barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB) forms between D117 and Onu, in part because of steric crowding by W100 and N116. Direct visualization of the double bonds on the phosphates appears possible. The flexible side chains at the top of the active site absorb the motion involved in the reaction, which may help accelerate catalysis. Relaxation of the product allows a new nucleophile to be generated and creates symmetry in the elementary catalytic steps on the enzyme. We are thus moving closer to understanding phosphoryl transfer in PPases at the quantum mechanical level. Ultra-high resolution structures can thus tease out overlapping complexes and so are as relevant to discussion of enzyme mechanism as structures produced by time-resolved crystallography.
Microbial keratitis after combined phacoemulsification and astigmatic keratotomy

Microbial keratitis after incisional refractive surgery is relatively uncommon and may occur in the early or late postoperative period. We report the occurrence of microbial keratitis in a patient three weeks after combined phacoemulsification and astigmatic keratotomy surgery. An 88-year-old female presented to the emergency department of the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne with a history of photophobia, discomfort and decreased vision in her left eye for the previous two days. She had undergone a combined phacoemulsification and astigmatic keratotomy in her left eye in a private practice three weeks prior to presentation. According to the patient, she was using prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops four times a day in the immediate post-operative period and was advised to taper the drops to once daily in the third week after surgery. The records of the cataract surgery could not be obtained from the surgeon. The general health of the patient was good with no history of diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis or collagen vascular diseases. On presentation, the visual acuity was 6/12 OD and 1/60 OS. Slitlamp biomicroscopy of the left eye showed the presence of a full-thickness corneal infiltrate on the limbus at 9’o clock with an overlying epithelial defect measuring 1.9 mm horizontally and 2.0 mm vertically. There was a 1.8 mm high hypopyon in the anterior chamber (Figure 1). Corneal scrapings were obtained from the infiltrate and sent for microbiological evaluation including Gram stain, Blankophor preparation, chocolate agar, Sabourad’s dextrose agar and thioglycollate broth. A swab was taken for the detection of herpes virus by the polymerase chain reaction. Ultrasound B scan of the posterior segment showed no abnormality. The patient was admitted to the hospital and hourly (day and night) ofloxacin 0.3% eye Figure 1. Slitlamp photograph showing the corneal infiltrate at the site of astigmatic keratotomy C L I N I C A L A N D E X P E R I M E N T A L
An Adaptive Motion-Based Unequal Error Protection Approach for Real-Time Video Transport Over Wireless IP Networks

In this work, we consider the delivery of digital video over future 3G wireless IP networks and we propose a low-complexity adaptive motion-based unequal error protection (UEP) video coding and transmission system which efficiently combines three existing error-resilience techniques by exploiting knowledge of the source material as well as the channel operating conditions. Given this information, the proposed system can adaptively adjust the operating parameters of the video source encoder and the forward error correction (FEC) channel encoder to maximize the delivered video quality based upon both application-layer video motion estimates and link-layer channel estimates. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using the ITU-T H.264 video source coder. The results indicate that a significant performance improvement can be achieved with enhanced resilience to inaccurate channel feedback information and with substantially reduced computational complexity compared to competing approaches
Insulin Resistance and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome : Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Factors Setting the stage : possible mechanisms by which acute contraction restores insulin sensitivity in muscle

Thyfault JP. Setting the stage: possible mechanisms by which acute contraction restores insulin sensitivity in muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294: R1103–R1110, 2008. First published January 23, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00924. 2007. —It has long been known that acute exercise can dramatically improve insulin sensitivity in previously insulin-resistant muscle; however, the precise mechanisms underlying this clinically significant interaction remain unknown. Using hindlimb perfusions in obese Zucker rats, our group found that acute muscle contraction synergistically improved insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle, but contrary to our hypothesis, these findings were not associated with either improved insulin signaling or decreased intramuscular lipid metabolites. A further analysis revealed that the improved insulin sensitivity was associated with a robust increase in mitochondrial energy flux. These findings and reports from other labs suggest that mitochondrial energy flux and mitochondrial oxidative capacity may govern insulin sensitivity and override insulin signaling defects associated with obesity. This review will discuss the effects of acute exercise to enhance insulin sensitivity in previously insulin-resistant muscle and present possible novel mechanisms by which alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism may play a regulatory role.
Epithelial plasticity and cancer stem cells: Major mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis and therapy resistance

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked with aggressive tumor biology and therapy resistance. It plays central role not only in the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) but also direct them across the multiple organ systems to promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSCs are reported to express stem cell genes as well as specific cell surface markers and allow aberrant differentiation of progenies. It facilitates cancer cells to leave primary tumor, acquire migratory characteristics, grow into new environment and develop radio-chemo-resistance. Based on the current information, present review discusses and summarizes the recent advancements on the molecular mechanisms that derive epithelial plasticity and its major role in generating a subset of tumor cells with stemness properties and pathophysiological spread of tumor. This paper further highlights the critical need to examine the regulation of EMT and CSC pathways in identifying the novel probable therapeutic targets. These improved therapeutic strategies based on the co-administration of inhibitors of EMT, CSCs as well as differentiated tumor cells may provide improved anti-neoplastic response with no tumor relapse.
From More-Like-This to Better-Than-This: Hotel Recommendations from User Generated Reviews

To help users discover relevant products and items recommender systems must learn about the likes and dislikes of users and the pros and cons of items. In this paper, we present a novel approach to building rich feature-based user profiles and item descriptions by mining user-generated reviews. We show how this information can be integrated into recommender systems to deliver better recommendations and an improved user experience.
Quasi-3-D analytical modeling of the magnetic field of an axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machine

A quasi-three-dimensional (3-D) analytical model of the magnetic field in an axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machine is presented. This model is derived from an exact two-dimensional analytical solution of the magnetic field extended to the 3-D case by a simple and effective radial dependence modeling of the magnetic field. The obtained quasi-3-D solution allows rapid parametric studies of the air-gap magnetic field. Then, analytical modeling of the cogging torque is presented. It is based on the obtained quasi-3-D analytical solution. Results issued from the proposed model in the air gap are compared with those stemming from a 3-D finite-element method simulation as well as with prototype measured values.
The Oil Palm Wastes in Malaysia

Oil palm is the most important product from Malaysia that has helped to change the scenario of it’s agriculture and economy. Lignocellulosic biomass which is produced from the oil palm industries include oil palm trunks (OPT), oil palm fronds (OPF), empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm pressed fibres (PPF), palm shells and palm oil mill effluent palm (POME). However, the presence of these oil palm wastes has created a major disposal problem. The fundamental principles of waste management are to minimise and recycle the waste, recover the energy and finally dispose the waste. These principals apply to agroindustrial wastes such as palm oil residues as they do to municipal waste. We can simply no longer afford to dispose the residues when there is an economically useful alternative. We must first consider the current uses and disposal of mill residues in order to address the potential for recovery of energy in the palm oil industry. One of the unique aspects of Malaysian renewable energy sources is that the palm oil mill is self-sufficient in energy, using PPF, EFB and shell as fuel to generate steam in waste-fuel boilers for processing, and power-generation with steam turbines as described in Section 2.2.
Alterations in Rat Striatal Glutamate Synapses Following a Lesion of the Cortico- and/or Nigrostriatal Pathway

Ultrastructural changes within the ipsilateral dorsolateral striatum were investigated 1 month following a unilateral ablation of the rat frontal cortex (CTX), removing corticostriatal input, or injection of the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), into the substantia nigra pars compacta, removing nigrostriatal input. In addition, a combined ipsilateral cortical and 6-OHDA lesion (CTX/6-OHDA) was carried out. We find that following a CTX, 6-OHDA, or CTX/6-OHDA lesion, there was a significant decrease in the density of striatal nerve terminal glutamate immunoreactivity compared to the control group. There was also a significant increase in all three lesion groups in the mean percentage of asymmetrical synapses associated with a perforated postsynaptic density. There was a large increase within the CTX/6-OHDA-lesioned group and a smaller but still significant increase in the CTX-lesioned group in the percentage of terminals or boutons with multiple synaptic contacts (i.e., multiple synaptic boutons, MSBs), compared to either the 6-OHDA or the control group. There was no change in any of these measurements within the contralateral striatum. There was a significant decrease in the number of apomorphine-induced contralateral rotations in the CTX/6-OHDA versus the 6-OHDA-lesioned group. Animals receiving just the single CTX or 6-OHDA lesion recovered in motor function compared to the control group as measured by the Rotorod test, while the CTX/6-ODA-lesioned group recovered to less than 50% of the control level. The data suggest that following a CTX and/or 6-OHDA lesion, there is an increase in striatal glutamatergic function. The large increase in the percentage of MSBs in the combined lesion group suggests that dopamine or other factors released by the dopamine terminals assist in regulating synapse formation.
Achieving a Credible Health and Safety Approach to Increasing Seat Belt Use Among African Americans

African American youth are 60 percent less likely than children from other racial or ethnic backgrounds to be buckled up. Seat belt use among African American males has largely remained stagnant while that for outer groups has increased. Overall, African Americans buckle up less often than other racial or ethnic populations. Seat belt use is a preventive health care action within public health. Clearly, a credible health and safety message is not being communicated effectively to African American communities. This paper proposes a number of possible solutions, including: recognition of the role that health care providers play in shaping patient or consumer attitudes and subsequent behavior in terms of prevention of disease and injury, educating physicians and health care providers to routinely recommend seat belt use especially for children, culturally appropriate educational safety programs, an improved relationship between law enforcement and communities, and zero tolerance for nonuse of seat belts.
Seizures in the Developing Brain

Summary: Purpose: Development and sex hormones are important determinants of seizure susceptibility. Seizures develop in the immature brain more readily than in the mature brain. Male children experience a higher incidence of epilepsy or unprovoked seizures than do female children. Sex‐specific differences in the development of seizure‐suppressing neuronal networks may account, at least in part, for this increased age‐ and sex‐related susceptibility to seizures. The control of seizures can be influenced by the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) in an age‐ and sex‐specific manner. In the adult male rat SNR, two topographically discrete regions (SNRanterior and SNRposterior) mediate distinct effects on seizures, by using divergent output networks in response to localized infusions of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A agents, such as muscimol. The GABAA‐sensitive “anticonvulsant” region is located in the SNRanterior, whereas the GABAA‐sensitive “proconvulsant region is in the SNRposterior. In immature postnatal day (PN)15–21 male rats, the SNR is not topographically segregated, and GABAAergic drug infusions produce similar effects when applied in the SNRanterior or SNRposterior. Only a GABAA‐sensitive proconvulsant network is evident. By contrast, female SNR does not contain any region that mediates muscimol‐related proconvulsant effects. As with the adult, immature female rats do not develop a proconvulsant SNR region at any age.
Task planner for human-robot interaction inside a cooperative disassembly robotic system

This work was funded by the Spanish MEC project “Diseno, implementacion y experimentacion de escenarios de manipulacion inteligentes para aplicaciones de ensamblado y desensamblado automatico” (DPI2005-06222), and by the Spanish G.V. project “Desensamblado automatico cooperativo para el reciclado de productos” (GV05/003).
Experimental Analysis of Small Drone Polarimetry Based on Micro-Doppler Signature

We present a polarimetric analysis of small drones from different aspect angles. Polarimetric analysis can provide more information of a target, since the returned radar signal is affected by different wave polarization. The analysis is performed with micro-Doppler signature (MDS) to investigate micromotions of the drone detected by the radar. We measured operating small drones in an anechoic chamber from two aspect angles, 0° and 90°. An outdoor experiment was carried out with metal clutters for verification in real environment. The indoor analysis result shows that copolarized antenna receives signals better than cross polarized when the aspect angle is 0°, and vice versa. We also verified that cross-polarized antenna receives MDS from the drone better than copolarized antenna, from outdoors when an aspect angle is almost 90°. By utilizing the polarimetric characteristic of the drone at this frequency band, it is preferable to use a polarimetric radar for drone detection.
Morphological transition of proliferative inflammatory atrophy to high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in human prostate

Inflammation has been implicated as a potential etiological agent in human prostate cancer (PCa). Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) in prostate consists of areas of glandular atrophy associated with chronic inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation. It has been suggested that PIA is a candidate precursor of prostate malignancy. We aimed to explore the morphological transition between PIA and co‐existing high‐grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and/or PCa.
Detection of human bocavirus 1 and 2 from children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan

This study reports the detection and the genetic characterization of HBoV, a new member in the Parvoviridae family. Among 177 fecal specimens collected from children with diarrhea younger than 5 years in Japan, 11 (6.2%) were positive for HBoV. Co‐infection with other enteric viruses (norovirus and adenovirus) was found in nine (81.8%) pediatric patients, while monoinfection by HBoV alone was detected in two (18.2%) cases. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 11 Japanese HBoV strains revealed that seven HBoV sequences were most closely related to other HBoV 1 reference strains, while the other four strains were similar to HBoV 2A. These results indicated that HBoV was one of the viral agents found in stool specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis and HBoV 1 and 2A circulated in Japan between 2009 and 2010 epidemic season. J. Med. Virol. 84:901–905, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two-stage treatment for infected nonunion of the humerus: a case report

Infected non-union of the humerus is a chronic and debilitating disorder, which represents a very complex problem for the surgeon both in terms of costs and time-effective treatment. It is one of the most common complications of humeral fractures with an incidence ranging between 2% and 30%1. The rate varies between 2%-13% in nonoperative approaches, and between 15% to 30% in surgical treatments2. Several risk-factors have been identified, some of them being patient-related such as age, sex, tobacco smoke, metabolic disorders and nutritional deficiencies. Patient independent risks include: fracture type and location, soft tissue injury, type of surgical treatment and the presence of an infection3. Many attempts have been done to identify specific fracture patterns that could predispose to non-union; transverse and short oblique fractures appear to be the most susceptible to non-union4. The authors present the case of infected non-union of the humerus treated in two stages with an excellent functional outcome and no evidence of infection at 1-year follow-up.
Hard X-Ray-selected AGNs in Low-mass Galaxies from the NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey

We present a sample of 10 low-mass active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the 40-month Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) serendipitous survey. The sample is selected to have robust NuSTAR detections at , to be at , and to have optical r-band magnitudes at least 0.5 mag fainter than an galaxy at its redshift. The median values of absolute magnitude, stellar mass, and 2–10 X-ray luminosity of our sample are , , and erg s−1, respectively. Five objects have detectable broad Hα emission in their optical spectra, indicating black hole masses of . We find that of the galaxies in our sample do not show AGN-like optical narrow emission lines, and one of the 10 galaxies in our sample, J115851+4243.2, shows evidence for heavy X-ray absorption. This result implies that a non-negligible fraction of low-mass galaxies might harbor accreting massive black holes that are missed by optical spectroscopic surveys and X-ray surveys. The mid-IR colors of our sample also indicate that these optically normal low-mass AGNs cannot be efficiently identified with typical AGN selection criteria based on Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer colors. While the hard ( keV) X-ray-selected low-mass AGN sample size is still limited, our results show that sensitive NuSTAR observations are capable of probing faint hard X-ray emission originating from the nuclei of low-mass galaxies out to moderate redshift ( ), thus providing a critical step in understanding AGN demographics in low-mass galaxies.
Sol-gel synthesis of 1393 bioactive glass powders containing therapeutic agents

In the current study cerium or galliumcontaining silicate based 13-93 bioactive glass powders were prepared using sol-gel method. Cerium and gallium ions were chosen due to their well-known therapeutic actions and antimicrobial properties. Effect of cerium and gallium substitution (up to 5w%) on the in vitro bioactivity, and mechanical properties of the prepared powders and scaffolds were assessed. Results revealed that, additions of cerium or gallium has no significant negative effect for in vitro bioactivity and hydroxyapatite forming ability of the glass for long immersion times in simulated body fluid. An increase in mechanical properties was observed in cerium doped (>3%) glass samples presumably due to CeO2 formation during sintering. It was concluded that bioactive glass powders containing therapeutic metal ions prepared in the study via sol-gel process may find applications in biomedical applications in near future.
Draft Genome Sequence of Arthrobacter enclensis NCIM 5488T for Secondary Metabolism

ABSTRACT Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Arthrobacter enclensis NCIM 5488T, an actinobacterium isolated from a marine sediment sample from Chorao Island, Goa, India. This draft genome sequence consists of 4,226,231 bp with a G+C content of 67.08%, 3,888 protein-coding genes, 50 tRNAs, and 10 rRNAs. Analysis of the genome using bioinformatics tools such as antiSMASH and NaPDoS showed the presence of many unique natural product biosynthetic gene clusters.
IoDDoS - The Internet of Distributed Denial of Sevice Attacks - A Case Study of the Mirai Malware and IoT-Based Botnets

The Internet of Things (IoT), a platform and phenomenon allowing everything to process information and communicate data, is populated by ‘things’ which are introducing a multitude of new security vulnerabilities to the cyber-ecosystem. These vulnerable ‘things’ typically lack the ability to support security technologies due to the required lightweightness and a rush to market. There have recently been several high-profile Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks which utilized a botnet army of IoT devices. We first discuss challenges to cybersecurity in the IoT environment. We then examine the use of IoT botnets, the characteristics of the IoT cyber ecosystem that make it vulnerable to botnets, and make a deep dive into the recently discovered IoTbased Mirai botnet malware. Finally, we consider options to mitigate the risk of IoT devices being conscripted into a botnet army.