Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aloe Vera Gel versus Normal Saline on Pain Relief and Healing Process of Episiotomy

Introduction: Spontaneous or episiotomy-induced damage to the genital organs during delivery affects the quality of active labor, especially among primiparous women. It is frequently observed during delivery and can have detrimental effects on a mother’s health and quality of life. Aim of the study to determine the effect of Aloe Vera gel versus normal saline on pain relieve and healing process of episiotomy. Materials and method: Design : A comparative quasi-experimental research design was utilized. Subjects: A convenience study subject of (120) women were selected from EL-Shatby Maternity University Hospital. Tools: Four tools were used by the researchers to collect the necessary data: Tool I: basic data structured interview schedule, Tool II: Pain Intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tool III: Wound Healing REEDA Scale and Tool IV: Bacteriological Wound Study. Results : There was a statistically significant differences between both groups in relation to perineal pain intensity after 10 postnatal days (X 2 = 7.937, p = 0.005). On the 10 th postpartum day, the entire Aloe Vera group did achieve complete healing of episiotomy wound compared to 80% of the normal saline group. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion : it could be concluded that the application of Aloe Vera gel was more effective on wound healing and perineal pain than normal saline among postnatal women with episiotomy. Moreover the growth of the isolated organisms among the episiotomy wound treated with the Aloe Vera gel were less than among those treated with normal saline. Keywords: postpartum, episiotomy, Aloe Vera Gel and normal Saline DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/70-09 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
A prospective study on prevalence and characteristics of hematologic effects associated with subclinical hypothyroidism

Background: Distinctive types of iron deficiency have been accounted for patients with obvious hypothyroidism with a predominance of up to 47%. Regardless of the fact that vitamin B12, folic corrosive and iron fixations are ordinary, weakness that standardizes in light of thyroxine substitution is found in up to 25% of hypothyroid patients. Methods: Briefly, 50 women with SCH were enrolled in the study. Patients between 18 and 65 years old, with TSH levels more than 5.0 mIU/L, the patients selected has a history of hypothyroidism for more than a year and were on oral levothyroxine. A total of 50 participants were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from 50 selected hypothyroid patients on the basis of a history of a hypothyroidism, persistent Anemia, of these patients all were females. Results: In present study 25 cases of age group 41-65 years there were almost 10 patients having high thyroid stimulating factor (Tsh) that is more than (0.3-5.0U/Ml), Constitute to be 40% cases in this age category. Hence patients with high age may slower the response towards a levothyroxine hormone and hence have the high risk of developing anemia. Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunctions have an immediate impact on hemoglobin levels and these progressions should be considered in therapeutic consideration by medical practitioner.
HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2009.

HIV infection remains of major public health importance in Europe. In 2012, 131 202 new HIV infections were diagnosed in 52 of the 53 countries of the WHO European Region1. Of those infections, 55 494 were officially reported to ECDC/WHO Regional Office for Europe by 51 countries; 29 381 of which were from the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA)2, while 75 708 infections were reported through the database of the Federal Statistics Agency of the Russian Federation [1]. The surveillance data suggest an overall rate of 7.8 diagnoses per 100 000 population for the WHO European Region and 5.8 per 100 000 for the EU/EEA. The rates are highest in the East of the Region (Table A). The main transmission mode varies by geographical area, illustrating the diversity in the epidemiology of HIV in Europe; heterosexual transmission is the main mode of transmission in the WHO European Region, while sexual transmission between men is the most common mode in the EU/EEA and transmission through injecting drug use remains substantial in the East of the Region.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Etanercept in Combination with Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis - Markov Model Based on Data from Serbia

Abstract Biological therapeutic strategies have shown positive benefits for chronic and progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical and radiological outcomes. Despite these results, the use of biological drugs in the treatment of RA is limited by high costs. The aim of this study was to compare the cost effectiveness of etanercept in combination with methotrexate and methotrexate alone in patients with RA in the socioeconomic environment of a Balkan country. We conducted a cost-effectiveness study using a Markov model from a societal perspective with a time horizon of 480 months. The cycle duration was set to one month. The basic transition probabilities and data on therapeutic efficacy were estimated from the available literature, while costs were calculated using the medical documents of patients with RA treated at the Clinical Center Kragujevac. Our results indicated that treatment of patients with RA using methotrexate alone is more cost effective, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 1.446. 640,78 RSD/QALY, than treatment with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 5.882. 714,57 RSD/QALY. The use of etanercept to treat RA is not cost effective in the socioeconomic environment of Serbia. The cost-effectiveness ratio of biological drugs would be more favourable if special strategies for the pricing policy of biological drugs were established on the basis of local pharmacoeconomic studies.
Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Membrane for Ultrafast Solvent Permeation

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) represent an emerging class of materials showing promise in a variety of applications. The judicious stacking of two-dimensional (2D) TMDs has been reported to give high-flux and energy-efficient membranes for high-resolution molecular sieving, with permeation greater than the state-of-the-art graphene-based membranes of comparable thickness. Unfortunately, current TMD-based membranes can only be used for aqueous solutions but not organic solvents, which limits their scope of application. Furthermore, it remains a challenge not only to reduce the spacing of interlayers sufficiently to exclude small molecules but also to maintain the high resolution in the face of the expected swelling when immersed in organic solvents for prolonged periods. Herein, we demonstrate the precise control of the interlayer spacing of anionic TMD laminates using cationic layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets. Moreover, the controlled interlayer distance of the TMD/LDH lamellar (TLL) me.
Farmland under urbanization pressure: conversion motivation among Norwegian landowners

ABSTRACT Irreversible conversion of farmland to built-up land occurs globally. Despite farmlands’ importance for food supply agricultural businesses, little research investigates what motivates landowners to convert their land. This paper aims to fill this gap. Based on a survey among owners of farmland in Norway, we found significant correlations between social structures and landowners’ motivation for converting farmland, namely family understanding and willingness of other local landowners to convert their land. Values and interests were also significant; landowners emphasizing private interests and private property rights were most often motivated for conversion. Further, they often struggled to realize agricultural investments, and had limited agricultural income. Landowners located in highly productive agricultural areas, but facing urban growth, were significantly more motivated to convert farmland than others. They were also more often in contact with developers. This paper adds new empirical knowledge and develops theories to understand underlying farmland conversion causes among landowners, and provide insights for future policies.
First species of Ephistemus (Coleoptera: Clavicornia: Cryptophagidae) from Baltic amber

1 Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Bol’shya Nikitskaya 2, Moscow 125009, Russia. E-mail: lgeorgy@rambler.ru 2 Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Khmielnitsky str. 15, Kiev 01601, Ukraine. E-mail: perkovsk@gmail.com 3 Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str. 123, Moscow 117997, Russia. 1 Зоологический музей, Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова, Большая Никитская ул. 2, Москва 125009, Россия. 2 Институт зоологии им. И. И. Шмальгаузена, Киев, Украина. 3 Палеонтологический институт им. А. А. Борисяка РАН, Профсоюзная ул. 123, Москва 117997, Россия.
Improving visual relationship detection using linguistic and spatial cues

Detecting visual relationships in an image is important in an image understanding task. It enables higher image understanding tasks, that is, predicting the next scene and understanding what occurs in an image. A visual relationship comprises of a subject, a predicate, and an object, and is related to visual, language, and spatial cues. The predicate explains the relationship between the subject and object and can be categorized into different categories such as prepositions and verbs. A large visual gap exists although the visual relationship is included in the same predicate. This study improves upon a previous study (that uses language cues using two losses) and a spatial cue (that only includes individual information) by adding relative information on the subject and object of the extant study. The architectural limitation is demonstrated and is overcome to detect all zero‐shot visual relationships. A new problem is discovered, and an explanation of how it decreases performance is provided. The experiment is conducted on the VRD and VG datasets and a significant improvement over previous results is obtained.
Real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography assessment of left ventricular shape and function after surgical remodelling

BackgroundReal-time three dimensional transoesoph-ageal echocardiography (RT 3D-TEE) may better reflect left ventricle (LV) shape and function than cconventional 2D-TEE. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ad-vantages of 3D analysis in shape assessment and to quantify the LV volume by ejection fraction (EF) measurement, after LV surgi-cal remodelling.MethodsIn a prospective manner, twenty consecu-tive coronary surgery patients with LV an-teroapical aneurysm and functional mitral regurgitation were analyzed by 2D- and thereafter by 3D- TEE before and after surgery. The key intraoperative inclusion criteria was a LVEF < 30% confirmed by intraoperative 3D-TEE immediately before surgical remodeling.ResultsBefore surgery, the geometry of post infarc-tion aneurysm shows negative curvatures of the antero-basal and infero-apical seg-ment and the apex of LV is shifted clock-wise, towards the mitral valve. Surgery had significantly reduced the LV volumes and the LVEF had increased by 13.3% as recorded by 2D-TEE and by 18.3% as as-sessed by 3D-TEE quantification (p < 0.001 for both). Accordingly, the longitudinal plane had been shortened, the apex was now shifted anti-clockwise towards the aorta and the inferior region had taken a more important function of the LV. Signifi-cantly lower values were observed in the EF measurement with 3D- vs 2D-TEE before remodelling (22.3 vs. 29.7%, p = 0.048). ConclusionImprovement of LV function occurred due to the increased systolic contraction of the inferior region after remodelling in pa-tients with postinfarction aneurysm.
Competitor Perceptions in Tourism Coopetition

Our study aims at understanding how coopeting tourism managers perceive their competitors. Competitor perceptions are consequential because they have implications for interfirm relationships. Collaboration with competitors offers benefits otherwise unattainable, such as improved destination marketing, more successful attracting of tourists, increased tourism product complexity, and better service, but is used to various degrees by tourism firms. We use a purposeful sampling procedure for maximum heterogeneity to select interviewees from Polish tourism DMO member firms. We inductively code and thematically group their perceptions to find that tourism managers develop a detailed understanding of collaboration with competitors and precisely identify their competitors, but interpret this so as to either facilitate collaboration or to remain in rivalrous mode, depending on their behavioral disposition. We propose a framework for developing perceptions with mindsets in a pivotal role.
Book Review: Someone to Talk To

(2018) “The Handmaid’s Tale through the Lens of Marxism,” which analyzes the book through the lens of Marxism. The Handmaid’s Tale offers an interesting and rich way to delve into important sociological discussions. The novel’s themes and questions remain relevant to society. Inspired by the events of the 1980s, the book endures as an important text through which students can examine and apply important sociological concepts and consider today’s social and political landscape. As Laz (1996:55) explains, “Because novels entail extensive development of character, setting, and plot (read: individuals and groups, society and culture, and interaction), they help students develop their sociological imaginations. ”
Some aspects of the niosomal delivery of doxorubicin.

Vesicular drug delivery systems prepared from two types of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol and other additives were studied and characterized with regard to their physicochemical and biological properties. Sorbitan ester (Span) niosomes containing doxorubicin showed an inverse correlation between mean vesicle size and surfactant hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) number (r = -0.92). The remote loading method (exploiting transmembrane proton gradients) was used to increase the encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin niosomes. Encapsulation efficiency of Span surfactant niosomes increased with increasing mean niosome size, except with Span 80 niosomes which gave lower than expected values. Span 60 niosomes in female NMRI mice bearing the MAC 15A tumour were fairly stable in vivo, with 90% of plasma doxorubicin being niosome associated (determined by a gel filtration technique) 4h after dosing and 50% niosome associated 24h after dosing. Plasma area under the time level curve (AUC) was increased 6 fold by encapsulation of the drug. Doxorubicin levels in all tissues, except the heart, were also increased. The AUC tumour to heart ratio was increased from 0.27 to 0.36. Hexadecyl-diglycerol ether (CigGi) niosomes containing doxorubicin, when compared to the free drug, doubled the area under the plasma level time curve (plasma AUC), following intraperitoneal injection, but resulted in an inflammatory response in the lung of male AKR mice. This response was however not seen when empty niosomes were administered intraperitoneally, doxorubicin niosomes were administered intravenously or with doxorubicin solution, by any route. In vivo Ĉ ^Gz niosomes were equiactive with doxorubicin solution, against a subcutaneously implanted MAC 13A tumour whereas Span 60 niosomes doubled the activity of doxorubicin against a subcutaneously implanted MAC 15A tumour. In vitro doxorubicin niosomes reduced the IC5 0 , slightly against a resistant variant of a human ovarian cancer cell line. Large (12-60pm) disc shaped structures formed from Cj^Gj were found to be an intermediate structure in the Solulan C24-mediated C^gGj vesicle to micelle transition and were termed discomes. These structures were able to encapsulate and retain 45% of an aqueous marker (5 -(6 )-carboxyfluorescein) after 24h at room temperature. From the above, there appears to be a future for niosomal drug delivery systems in the field of drug targeting.
Sclerostin - a potential new marker of exercise influence on vascular calcification and mineral and bone disorder in hemodialysed adults

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for health. Amongst CKD complications the most fatal is cardiovascular disease, which together with Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) share a possible origin in Wnt signaling pathway disturbances. Sclerostin, a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor may possibly be used as a potential new marker of exercise influence on vascular calcification and mineral and bone disorder in hemodialysed adults.
Frequency and clinical significance of extramammary findings on breast magnetic resonance imaging.

1588 Background: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), often obtained for management of newly diagnosed breast cancer, or other indications, uncovers extra-mammary findings (EMF) with some frequency. These results often prompt further work-up and cause pt concern. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1322 breast MRI reports performed at the University of Iowa between 2007 and 2012. We completed a chart review of the radiology reports, patient characteristics, and breast cancer characteristics. We then focused specifically on the EMFs that were detected on breast MRI. The EMFs in the field of breast MRI include lesions in the chest (lung, heart, mediastinum, and chest wall), liver, bone, spleen, lymph nodes, blood vessels, and bones. Results: A total of 1,322 MRI reports were reviewed. EMFs were reported in 130 (9.8%). An EMF was more likely to occur in postmenopausal pts (p = 0.021) or if the MRI indication was for breast cancer (p <0.001). EMFs were more frequent in pts with hormone receptor (HR) posi.
Data-Driven, Data-Informed, Data-Augmented: How Ubisoft’s Ghost Recon Wildlands Live Unit Uses Data for Continuous Product Innovation

To stay ahead of the competition, firms must continuously learn from their customers and swiftly adopt those lessons to improve their products. A unit at Ubisoft, a leading game publisher headquartered in Paris, has established a three-pronged approach to drive product innovation based on three practices: data-driven exploration, data-augmented ideation, and data-informed validation. By establishing processes and capabilities for these practices and blending them in a portfolio approach to product design, they maximize the value generation potential of the data at their disposal. Product development in a variety of industries can benefit from the lessons of these data-oriented innovation practices.
Macroscopic band width inequalities

Inspired by Gromov's work on 'Metric inequalities with scalar curvature' we establish band width inequalities for Riemannian bands of the form $(V=M\times[0,1],g)$, where $M^{n-1}$ is a closed manifold. We introduce a new class of orientable manifolds we call filling enlargeable and prove: If $M$ is filling enlargeable and all unit balls in the universal cover of $(V,g)$ have volume less than a constant $\frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_n$, then $width(V,g)\leq1$. We show that if a closed orientable manifold is enlargeable or aspherical then it is filling enlargeable. Furthermore we establish that whether a closed orientable manifold is filling enlargeable or not only depends on the image of the fundamental class under the classifying map of the universal cover.
Resolving Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Conflicts: A Comparison of the Practice of Mediation with Method-of-Levels Psychotherapy

This paper compares and analyzes two ostensibly disparate fields of professional practice: the mediation of disputes and a psychological therapy called Method of Levels (MOL). Mediators address interpersonal conflicts, while MOL therapists help clients cope with intrapersonal conflicts. The academic literatures of the two practices do not overlap. While the techniques of mediation have developed pragmatically from a variety of theoretical perspectives, MOL derives explicitly from a single psychological theory: perceptual control theory (PCT). The PCT account relies on understanding the nature of control, considering controlled experiences in a multi-leveled hierarchy from concrete (sensory perceptions) to abstract (values, ideals, principles), and appreciating the pivotal role of the depth and duration of present-moment awareness. We argue that, in spite of differences, the two fields of practice have many similarities, and we show how PCT works equally well to analyze the interpersonal conflicts addressed by mediation as the intrapersonal conflicts addressed by MOL, and thus, that the two kinds of conflict are closely related. We conclude that the two fields of practice can be of mutual benefit to each other and that PCT can provide a useful theoretical foundation for both.
The employee experience: how employees make meaning of employee engagement

ABSTRACT This study sought to understand the lived experiences of employees by taking a co-creational approach to examine how employees make meaning of employee engagement. Phenomenological interviews (n = 32) revealed that engagement starts with dialogue supported by active listening. Formal internal communication emerged from the data as a contributor to meaning-making, but not to the extent the previous literature would suggest. Dialogic interactions carried more weight in constructing employee engagement. Thus, the findings demonstrate that the meaning of employee engagement is in fact a paradoxical balancing act between co-creational and functionalistic approaches, offering an alternative theoretical understanding of how employees make meaning of their engagement experiences.
A comparative study of depression among infertile and fertile women

Background: Infertility has been a major medical and social preoccupation since the dawn of human existence and women have always been the symbol of fertility. Infertility is a stressful life event and depressive symptoms are normal responses to the life crisis of the infertile women. Aim and objective of the study was to determine the severity of depression in infertile females as compared to control group and to correlate the duration of infertility to depression in infertile females. Methods: The Present study was carried out on 70 patients in both groups. After randomization, assessment of Sociodemographic details was done with the help of semi-structured performa and severity of depression by beck depression rating scale. The proposed study was conducted in phased manner observing ethics of voluntary participation and informed consent of the participants were taken. Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age, socioeconomic status, occupation, education, religion, family type and area. No significant differences found between both groups with respect to the sociodemographic profile (p-value >0.05). The mean age of infertile women was 28.72 year and fertile women 27.45 years. We found that maximum female was from a middle class in both groups, 48 (68.57%) in infertile and 50 (71.42%) in the fertile group. Conclusions: Depression was more in infertile women. Depression severity was positively correlated with age of women and duration of infertility. Low socioeconomic status, low educated and rural background was a risk factor for severity of depression for infertile women.