Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimensions and Volumetric BMD of the Proximal Femur and Their Relation to Age Among Older U.S. Men

We measured femoral neck and shaft dimensions and volumetric BMD with QCT. Relations of these measures to age were quantified in a cross‐sectional study among 3358 men 65–100 years old. Relations of femoral neck dimensions and vBMD to age differed from those in the shaft, indicating that patterns of bone modeling and remodeling in the neck and shaft are distinct.
Detection, management, and follow‐up of pre‐malignant cervical lesions and the role for human papillomavirus

Cervical cytological pathology is common. Prevention of cervical cancer by detecting the disease process at an early and pre‐malignant stage is practised globally either through population‐based screening programmes (PSP) or through non‐organised ones. High‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detected by cervical cytological screening is extensively visualised by colposcopy and successively treated by, for instance, large loop electro‐surgical excision of the transformation zone. Persistent infections with certain high‐risk human papillomavirus (hr‐HPV) genotypes play an essential role in cervical cancer carcinogenesis by mechanisms discussed in this review. HPV assessment, either DNA detection or HPV genotyping, could enhance the current cervical cancer screening programmes. Furthermore, primary prevention of cervical cancer through the introduction of HPV vaccines looks promising although the current vaccines merely protect against two hr‐HPV genotypes, leaving a niche for at least 11 other hr‐HPV's. Cervical screening in the post‐vaccination era cannot be abolished but could be altered, as discussed in this review. Algorithms with the primary objective of hr‐HPV testing followed by subjective cytology assessment in HPV‐positive women could be a solution for both pre‐ and post‐vaccination screening. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monoclonal Antibodies to the [alpha]- and [beta]-Subunits of the Plant Mitochondrial F1-ATPase

We have generated nine monoclonal antibodies against subunits of the maize (Zea mays L.) mitochondrial F1-ATPase. These monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing mice against maize mitochondrial fractions and randomly collecting useful hybridomas. To prove that these monoclonal antibodies were directed against ATPase subunits, we tested their cross-reactivity with purified F1-ATPase from pea cotyledon mitochondria. One of the antibodies ([alpha]-ATPaseD) cross-reacted with the pea F1-ATPase [alpha]-subunit and two ([beta]-ATPaseD and [beta]-ATPaseE) cross-reacted with the pea F1-ATPase [beta]-subunit. This established that, of the nine antibodies, four react with the maize [alpha]-ATPase subunit and the other five react with the maize [beta]-ATPase subunit. Most of the monoclonal antibodies cross-react with the F1-ATPase from a wide range of plant species. Each of the four monoclonal antibodies raised against the [alpha]-subunit recognizes a different epitope. Of the five [beta]-subunit antibodies, at least three different epitopes are recognized. Direct incubation of the monoclonal antibodies with the F1-ATPase failed to inhibit the ATPase activity. The monoclonal antibodies [alpha]-ATPaseD and [beta]-ATPaseD were bound to epoxide-glass QuantAffinity beads and incubated with a purified preparation of pea F1-ATPase. The ATPase activity was not inhibited when the antibodies bound the ATPase. The antibodies were used to help map the pea F1-ATPase subunits on a two-dimensional map of whole pea cotyledon mitochondrial protein. In addition, the antibodies have revealed antigenic similarities between various isoforms observed for the [alpha]- and [beta]-subunits of the purified F1-ATPase. The specificity of these monoclonal antibodies, along with their cross-species recognition and their ability to bind the F1-ATPase without inhibiting enzymic function, makes these antibodies useful and invaluable tools for the further purification and characterization of plant mitochondrial F1-ATPases.
Parasitic Protozoa and Interactions with the Host Intestinal Microbiota

ABSTRACT Parasitic protozoan infections represent a major health burden in the developing world and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. These infections are often associated with considerable variability in clinical presentation. An emerging body of work suggests that the intestinal microbiota may help to explain some of these differences in disease expression. The objective of this minireview is to synthesize recent progress in this rapidly advancing field. Studies of humans and animals and in vitro studies of the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to infectious disease are discussed. We hope to provide an understanding of the human-protozoal pathogen-microbiome interaction and to speculate on how that might be leveraged for treatment.
Circulants and Sequences

A graph G is stable if its normalized chromatic difference sequence is equal to the normalized chromatic difference sequence of G X G, the Cartesian product of G with itself. Let $\alpha$ be the independence number of G and let $\omega$ be its clique number. Suppose that G has n vertices. We show that the first $\omega$ terms of the normalized chromatic difference sequence of a stable graph G must be $\alpha/n$ and further show that if $G$ has odd girth 2k+1, then the first three terms of its normalized chromatic difference sequence are $\alpha/n,\alpha/n,\beta/n$, where $\beta \geq \alpha/k$. We derive from this sequence an upper bound on the independence ratio of $G$, which agrees with the lower bound of Haggkvist for $k=2$ and of Albertson, Chan, and Haas for $k\geq 3$ [Ann. Discrete Math., 13 (1982), pp. 89--100; linebreak[4]J. Graph Theory, 17 (1993), pp. 581--588]. Zhou has shown that circulants and finite abelian Cayley graphs are stable. Let G be a circulant with symbol set $S$ and $n$ vertices [Discrete Math., 90 (1991), pp. 297--311; Discrete Appl. Math., 41 (1993), pp. 263--267]. We say that $S=\{a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_s\}$ is reversible if $a_1+a_s= a_2+a_{s-1}=\cdots=a_{\lfloor \frac{s}{2}\rfloor}+a_{\lceil \frac{s}{2}\rfloor}$. We show that the independence ratio $\mu(G)\leq \mu(S)$ and that if S is reversible, then $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\mu(G)=\mu(S)$. We conjecture that $\mu(G)=\mu(S)$ for a reversible circulant with sufficiently many vertices.
Observadores en situaciones de victimización por intimidacíon escolar: caracterización y razones de su rol*

Este estudio se encamina a la comprension del rol de los observadores ante una situacion de victimizacion por intimidacion escolar, el objetivo es caracterizar el rol y precisar sus elementos cognitivos y emocionales. Con una muestra de 91 participantes pertenecientes a un colegio publico y otro privado de la ciudad de Buga, Valle del Cauca. Se aplico el instrumento Efectos Psicologicos Roles Intimidacion Escolar EPRIE (Marmolejo y Cuevas, 2010), una adaptacion del Scan-Bullying (Del Barrio et al, 1999), apoyado en grupos focales que se realizaron con 32 estudiantes, 16 de cada colegio, para un total de ocho grupos focales de los cuales se extrajo la informacion necesaria para responder a los objetivos planteados. Se encontro que la mayoria de representaciones de los observadores estimulan la perpetuacion de la intimidacion, por tanto, son elementos que deben ser foco de intervencion.
Distributed decision tree v.2.0

Decision Tree is a state-of-the-art classification and prediction algorithm in machine learning which constructs tree-structured set of attributes. Its distributed implementation, i.e. Distributed Decision Tree generates a specified number of trees (depending upon number of partitions of input dataset) and at the end collects votes or averages the prediction or classification. Here, the overall idea of achieving parallelism depends upon number of partitions. Parallelism can be achived by proper tuning of number of partitions. However, this kind of setup in-turn leads to a problem of compromise in accuracy, because there is always a tradeoff between accuracy and size of partition. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed an improved Distributed Decision Tree algorithm to achieve true parallelism without loss in accuracy. The improved Distributed Decision Tree is implemented using open-source distributed frameworks Hadoop and Spark. We measure learning time, size of tree and accuracy to set up benchmarking using medium to large datasets.
Validating Severity of Illness Scoring Systems in the Prediction of Outcomes in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Background:Severity of illness scores are helpful in predicting mortality; however, no standardized scoring system has been validated in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). The modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), the CURB-65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age 65) and the Charlson weighted index of comorbidity (CWIC) were compared in predicting outcomes at the onset of SAB. Methods:All adult inpatients with SAB from July 15, 2008, to December 31, 2009, were prospectively assessed. The 3 scoring systems were applied: REMS, CURB-65 and CWIC. The end points were attributable and overall mortality. Results:A total of 241 patients with SAB were reviewed during the study period. The all-cause mortality rate was 22.8% and attributable mortality 14.1%. Patients who died had higher mean CURB-65 score and REMS than those who lived, whereas the difference in the CWIC score was not significant. Two logistic regression models based on CURB-65 score or REMS, after controlling for CWIC, revealed that both scores were independent predictors of mortality, with an odds ratio of 3.38 (P < 0.0001) and 1.45 (P < 0.0001) for CURB-65 and REMS, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a cutoff point of 3.0 (CURB-65) and 6.0 (REMS) provided the highest sensitivity and specificity. The area under the curves for all-cause mortality were 0.832 and 0.806, and for attributable mortality 0.845 and 0.819, for CURB-65 and REMS, respectively. Conclusions:REMS and CURB-65 scores outperformed CWIC as predictors of mortality in SAB and may be effective in predicting the severity of illness at the onset of bacteremia.
Muscular design in the equine interosseus muscle

We studied the forelimb interosseus muscle in horses, Equus caballus, to determine the muscular properties inherent in its function. Some authors have speculated that the equine interosseus contains muscle fibers at birth only to undergo loss of these fibers through postnatal ontogeny. We describe the muscle fibers in eight interosseus specimens from adult horses. These fibers were studied histochemically using myosin ATPase studies and immunocytochemically using several antibodies directed against type I and type II myosin heavy chain antibodies. We determined that 95% of the fibers were type I, presumed slow‐twitch fibers. All fibers exhibited normal morphological appearance in terms of fiber diameter and cross‐sectional area, suggesting that the muscles are undergoing normal cycles of recruitment. SDS‐PAGE studies of myosin heavy chain isoforms were consistent with these observations of primarily slow‐twitch muscle. Fibers were determined to be ∼800 μm long when studied using nitric acid digestion protocols. Short fiber length combined with high pinnation angles suggest that the interosseus muscle is able to generate large amounts of force but can produce little work (measured as pulling the distal tendon proximally). While the equine interosseus muscle has undergone a general reduction of muscle content during its evolution, it remains composed of a significant muscular component that likely contributes to forelimb stability and elastic storage of energy during locomotion. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclotomic optical orthogonal codes of composite lengths

Optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) have applications in optical code-division multiple-access communications systems and other wideband code-division multiple environments. They can also be used to construct protocol sequences for multiuser collision channel without feedback, and constant-weight codes for error detection and correction. We have given a cyclotomic construction of several classes of (2/sup m/-1,w,2) OOCs recently. The purpose of this paper is to present five classes of (q-1,w,2) OOCs, and thus five classes of binary constant-weight cyclic codes, where q is a power of an odd prime.
CHANGES IN THE MULTIPLE HEMOGLOBIN PATTERNS OF SOME PACIFIC SALMON, GENUS ONCORHYNCHUS, DURING THE PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION.

By employing starch gel electrophoresis it has been found that coho salmon fry and smolts contain 10 anodal-migrating, and 12 cathodal-migrating, hemoglobin fractions. Prepuberal -year-old coho salmon caught at sea and sexually mature adults taken from fresh water contained the same anodal fractions and at approximately the same concentrations as were found in fry and smolts. However, the concentrations of the cathodal fractions had increased so that these were very nearly equal to those of the anodal fractions. Similar hemoglobin changes were found in both anadromous and land-locked sockeye salmon, but in this species seven anodal and six cathodal fractions were present at their "adult" concentrations in fry and smolts. Six other cathodal fractions which were absent entirely or present only in trace amounts in fry and smolts increased to their adult concentrations some time later in the life cycle of both varieties of sockeye. It is postulated that these changes reflect an ecological adaption to life in .
A Prospective, Open Label, Observational Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Cough Syrup Mykoff® in Patients Suffering from Cough of Varied Aetiologies

A prospective, open label, observational study was conducted at general outpatient clinic to assess the safety and efficacy of herbal cough syrup Mykoff® in patients suffering from cough of varied aetiologies. The patients of either sex, age > 3yrs, suffering from cough due to common cold, mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections, allergic cough and smoker’s cough were enrolled. The safety was evaluated by means of an analysis of adverse events. In addition, efficacy and tolerability were analysed from the following grades by patients and confirmed by doctor. Of 50 patients, 63% were diagnosed with cough due to upper respiratory tract infections, 17% common cold, 12% allergic cough and 8% smoker’s cough. Substantial improvement, i.e., excellent to good response, in relief of cough was noted in 42 (84%) out of 50 patients and fair response in another 4 (8%). Only 4 out of 50 patients showed no relief in symptoms. Most of the patients (98%) accepted the remedy well. Only one adverse event was reported. However, a relation to the medication was classified to be unlikely. The test drug Mykoff® is an effective and safe cough syrup that is highly acceptable for patients with cough of short duration.
Rethinking relational economic geography

Recent theoretical and empirical work in economic geography has experienced what might be termed a ‘relational turn’ that focuses primarily on the ways in which socio-spatial relations of economic actors are intertwined with processes of economic change at various geographical scales. This phenomenon begs the questions of whether the ‘relational turn’ is simply an explicit reworking of what might be an undercurrent in economic geography during the late 1970s and the 1980s, and whether this ‘turn’ offers substantial advancement in our theory and practice. In this paper, I aim to evaluate critically the nature and emergence of this relational economic geography by revisiting its antecedents and conceptual frameworks. This evaluation opens up some significant conceptual issues that are further reworked in this paper. In particular, I argue that much of the work in this ‘relational turn’ is relational only in a thematic sense, focusing on various themes of socio-spatial relations without theorizing sufficiently the nature of relationality and its manifestation through power relations and actor-specific practice. This paper thus illuminates the nature of relationality and the multiple ways through which power works itself out in ‘relational geometries’, defined as the spatial configurations of heterogeneous power relations. As a preliminary attempt, I first conceptualize different forms of power in such relational geometries and their causal effects in producing concrete/spatial outcomes. I then show how this relational view can offer an alternative understanding of a major research concern in contemporary economic geography – regional development.
Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and the Risk of Death from Esophageal Cancer: Does Hardness in Drinking Water Matter?

The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the relationship between total trihalomethanes (TTHM) levels in public water supplies and risk of esophageal cancer occurrence and (2) determine whether calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels in drinking water modify the effects of TTHM on risk to develop esophageal cancer. A matched case-control study was used to investigate the relationship between the risk of death attributed to esophageal cancer and exposure to TTHM in drinking water in 53 municipalities in Taiwan. All esophageal cancer deaths in the 53 municipalities from 2006 through 2010 were obtained from the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the Taiwan Provincial Department of Health. Controls were deaths from other causes and were pair-matched to the cancer cases by gender, year of birth, and year of death. Each matched control was selected randomly from the set of possible controls for each cancer case. Data on TTHM levels in drinking water were collected from Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Information on the levels of Ca and Mg in drinking water was obtained from the Taiwan Water Supply Corporation. The municipality of residence for cancer cases and controls was presumed to be the source of the subject's TTHM, Ca, and Mg exposure via drinking water. Relative to individuals whose TTHM exposure level <4.9 ppb, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for esophageal cancer was 1.02 (0.84–1.23) for individuals who resided in municipalities served by drinking water with a TTHM exposure ≥4.9 ppb. There was evidence of an interaction between drinking-water TTHM levels and low Ca and Mg intake. Our findings showed that the correlation between TTHM exposure and risk of esophageal cancer development was influenced by Ca and Mg levels in drinking water. This is the first study to report effect modification by Ca and Mg intake from drinking water on the correlation between TTHM exposure and risk of esophageal cancer occurrence. Increased knowledge of the interaction between Ca, Mg, and TTHM in reducing risk of esophageal cancer development will aid in public policymaking and standard setting for drinking water.
ArticleOpen Access Journal of Parkinson ’ s disease & Alzheimer ’ s disease

demonstrated significantly more severe SVD-associated pathology compared to controls, which suggests that SVD may have a role in the pathophysiology of PD [12]. Another longitudinal study by Foo et al. demonstrated that progression of SVD was associated with significant cortical thinning in the frontoparietal regions with concomitant decline in memory, executive functions, and motor functions in PD patients [13]. This implies that the extent and progression of SVD could be associated with focal cerebral atrophy and domain-specific cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, it could be possible that concomitant SVD in PD could alter the clinical-cognitive symptom presentation and treatment response of PD [14]. Additionally, Arena et al. showed that deep WMH burden was not only associated with worse performance on UPDRS, such as speech, facial expression, neck rigidity, postural stability, posture, and global spontaneous movements, but also worse response to L-Dopa [15]. This has important clinical relevance in patient management. Presence of WMH may impact response to L-dopa treatment and deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS), since evidence has established the correlations between response to L-Dopa and DBS [15]. Despite the consequence of SVD in PD, there is a paucity of literature investigating the impact of SVD as a whole in the pathophysiology of PD. Even within those who examined SVD in PD, the findings have been heterogeneous. This could be a result of the challenges to image and investigate small vessels in vivo, especially when imaging of small vessel disease are typically measured using subjective visual ratings instead of objective volumetric analysis; and the imprecise and inconsistent methods of classifying the lesions that could lead to under or over diagnosis of SVD [8]. In turn, it is imperative to establish the contributions of SVD to the underlying neuropathophysiology of PD in order to benefit subsequent patient management and treatment.
Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia and eosinophilia

A 59-year-old man presented with abdominal pain that was subsequently diagnosed as acute appendicitis. His past medical history was signiﬁcant only for lower back pain, organic impotence, hip arthralgia, and depression. He did report exposure to Agent Orange while serving in Vietnam. His pre-operative work-up revealed a white count of 13.5 (cid:1) 109 L (cid:2) 1 , anemia with a hemoglobin of 7.9 g/dL, an MCV of 99 fL, and mild thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 128 (cid:1) 109 L (cid:2) 1 . He denied gastro-intestinal bleeding or any other recent blood loss. His ferritin and RBC folate levels (268 and 5.1 ng/ mL, respectively) were both normal, as was his PSA (0.3 ng/mL). A chest X-ray and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated no evidence of malignancy. Hisperipheral blood ﬁlm revealed marked aniso-poikilocytosis and rouleaux formation, neutrophilia with a left shift and signiﬁcant dysplasia, and marked eosinophilia (Image 1). Additionally, numerous
Thermomechanical modeling and evaluation of the impacts of BGA warpage on low-cycle solder fatigue

Given the complex, 3D nature of electronic component geometries, high package assembly temperatures, and the large difference in thermomechanical properties between silicon dies, organic substrates, and package lids or molding compounds, commercial electronic components typically exhibit significant warpage behaviors over temperature. Warpage measurements are presented for various ball grid array (BGA) packages. For these components, warpage behaviors include simple convex or concave in addition to more complex shapes, with zero-warpage temperatures ranging from 180°C to room temperature to sub-room temperature. Results of finite-element-based thermal fatigue analyses for various idealized and increasingly realistic cases demonstrate that package warpage has a larger effect on BGA fatigue than in-plane CTE mismatch between the package and underlying printed circuit board (PCB). While the choice of zero-warpage reference temperature is observed to affect subsequent fatigue life predictions, the magnitude of this effect over a wide range of reference temperature values is less than plus-or-minus 2 percent.
IoT-based system for indoor location using bluetooth low energy

This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based system for indoor localization using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. Our solution consists of two main systems: an acquisition system and a central server, under the Client-Server paradigm and the IoT philosophy. We report the development of different modules: measurement (Bluetooth beacons), data aggregation and transmission, storage, web-interface and cloud services for data, and results visualization. The localization mechanism of the proposed system is based on a simple location algorithm stemming from the Received Signal Strength (RSS) footprinting method, which allow us to detect reference zones inside closed environments. We performed real experiments in order to assess the proposed system. This paper reports the design, implementation and evaluation of an IoT-based system for indoor location using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology.