Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in effect and recovery of strenuous military field exercises

Purpose: Recovery and sex differences in response to strenuous military field exercises are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strenuous military field exercises and the course of recovery on body composition and physical performance, and to examine potential sex differences in these responses. Methods: 35 soldiers (23 men and 12 women) from the conscript division at the Norwegian Armed Forces Special Command volunteered to participate. Measurements were conducted before, 0 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks after a strenuous field exercise. Energy expenditure was measured during the exercise by accelerometers. Body composition was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and physical performance was measured through a countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball thrust (MBT) and anaerobic performance through an evacuation test (EVAC-test). Results: The men reduced their body mass and lean body mass (-8.16 ± 0.22 %, p < 0.001 and -6.13 ± 0.38 %, p < 0.001, respectively) more than the women (-3,96 ± 0.31 %, p < 0.001 and 0.36 ± 0.64 %, p = 1.000, respectively) after the field exercise with no different reductions in fat mass (men: 38.80 ± 3.47 %, p < 0.001, women: 27.02 ± 4.80 %, p < 0.001). All changes in body composition had recovered after 1 week. All performance variables were reduced to the same degree in men and women after the selection exercise. CMJ jump height was still reduced in both groups after 2 weeks, and the reduction after 72 hours (men -23.54 ± 6.79 %, p < 0.001, women: 14.33 ± 8.05 %, p = 0.001) and 2 weeks (men: -16.84 ± 6.10 %, p < 0.001, women: 8.88 ± 8.31 %, p = 0.026) was larger in the men compared to the women (p < 0.001). The same pattern of changes and sex differences was found for maximal power during the CMJ. MBT throw distance recovered after 1 week, and EVAC performance after 2 weeks with no differences between the groups. Conclusion: The results show that the men lost more body mass and lean mass than women after a very strenuous military field exercise. Reduction in physical performance after the field exercise was similar between men and women. Both anaerobic capacity and upper body strength had recovered within two weeks. However, explosive strength in the legs was not recovered by two weeks in neither men nor women, and the recovery was slower in men compared to women.
The Values of School Administration: Preferences, Ethics, and Conflicts

This article reports the findings of two studies focused on the personal and professional values of school administrators. Two themes were employed as general organizers for the research: the influence of personal preference and trans-rational principles on the problem solving actions of school administrators and the value conflicts that administrators experience in their work. One study was conducted in Umea (Sweden), the other in Toronto (Canada). The conceptual framework integrates Hodgkinson's (1991) values theory with information processing theory. Action research methods were adopted as a way of overcoming the special problems associated with conducting research on values. Findings suggest that administrators’ personal values are significant influences on problem solving. Specifically, the rational value types of consensus and consequences predominate in the valuation processes of school principals, personal preferences are infrequently articulated, and trans-rational principles are employed under particular circumstances.
HARGA DIRI DAN KECENDERUNGAN NARSISTIK PADA PENGGUNA FRIENDSTER

Fenomena jejaring sosial seperti Friendster kian marak dijumpai sebagai sarana berinteraksi dalam dunia maya belakangan ini. Pengguna friendster sendiri adalah kelompok yang unik dengan karakteristik yang unik. Beberapa karakteristik psikologis yang ditengarai menjadi ciri kas kelompok ini adalah kecenderungan narsistik dan harga diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empirik hubungan antara kecenderungan narsisistik dan harga diri pada pengguna Friendster. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah ada hubungan negatif antara harga diri terhadap kecenderungan narsisistik pada pengguna Friendster. Semakin rendah harga diri, maka semakin tinggi pula kecenderungan narsisistik pada pengguna Friendster, sebaliknya semakin tinggi harga diri, maka semakin rendah pula kecenderungan narsisistik pada pengguna Friendster. Subjek penelitian memiliki karakteristik, yakni aktif menggunakan Friendster selama minimal enam bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan alat ukur Skala Kecenderungan Narsisistik dan Skala Harga Diri. Kedua skala tersebut disebar di Kota Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan incidental sampling dan jumlah subjek didapat sebanyak 70 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan rxy = -0,346 dengan p negatif yang sangat signifikan antara harga diri dengan kecenderungan narsisistik pada pengguna Friendster. Dengan demikian, hasil analisis data ini mendasari bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima. Abstract The social phenomenon of social network such as Friendster can be easily found recently. The Friendster users is a group with unique characteristics such as has the tendency of narcissistic and has unique self-esteem also. The aim of this research is to test the empirical connection of the tendency to be narcissistic at Friendster users, looking at it from selfesteem point of view. From the proposed hypothesis it can be said there is a negative connection of self-esteem to the tendency to be narcissistic at Friendster users. For them, who have lower self-esteem, the higher tendency to be narcissistic and vice-versa. The respondens of the research have characteristics, i.e., active in using Friendster during six months minimum. The research uses quantity method with Narcissistic Tendency Scale and Self-esteem Scale. Both scales are distributed in Yogyakarta on an incidental sampling way and the amount of the respondens gathered are 70 people. Based on the analysis result it is gained rxy = -0,346 with p on the tendency to be narcissistic at Friendster users. Thus, the analysis result of the data provided the basis for the accepted hypothesis.
Retreatment after laser in situ keratomileusis

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, predictability and safety of LASIK retreatment for corecting residual myopia. Method: Forty eyes(32 patients) underwent secondary LASIK at 3～24 months after primary LASIK procedure. Following-up were three days, 1,3 and 6 months after LASIK retreatment respectively. Results: After reoperation, mean uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) improved significantly(P0.01), whereas best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) had no significant difference. The mean postretreatment refraction decreased significantly than before (P0.01). There was increased stability of refraction with the ablation diameter used (odds ratio=2.685). Conclusions: Secondary LASIK was an effective, safe method to treat regression after primary LASIK for high myopia.
Pyrolysis of Lignins: Experimental and Kinetics Studies

Lignins are generally used as a low grade fuel in the pulp and paper industry. In this work, pyrolysis of Alcell and Kraft lignins obtained from the Alcell process and Westvaco, respectively, was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor and in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) using helium (13.4 mL/min/g of lignin) and nitrogen (50 mL/min/g of lignin), respectively. The reaction temperature was increased from 300 to 1073 K, while the heating rates were varied from 5 to 15 K/min. The gaseous products mainly consisted of H2, CO, CO2, CH4, and C2+. With increase in heating rate from 5 to 15 K/min both lignin conversion and hydrogen production increased from 56 to 65 wt % and from 25 to 31 mol %, respectively for fixed-bed pyrolysis reaction of Alcell lignin at 1073 K, whereas at the same condition the conversion and hydrogen production increased from 52 to 57 wt % and from 30 to 43 mol % for Kraft lignin. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was used to analyze complex reactions involved in the lignin p.
Individualized and inverse optimized needle configuration for combined intracavitary-interstitial brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer

Objectives: The aim of this study is to address the limitation of combined intracavitary-interstitial (IC/IS) brachytherapy (BT) in locally advanced cervical cancer using standardized applicators and to determine the optimal dose distribution in patients with challenging tumors, innovative methods of customizing and optimizing the IS needle configuration for combined IC/IS BT are proposed and investigated. Materials and Methods: A software module that could customize the IS needle configuration and subsequently generate the digital model of guiding template for three-dimensional printing was developed and integrated into our in-house treatment planning system for BT. The inverse optimization method based on the technique of mixed-integer linear programming was introduced to determine the needle tracks out of a candidate pool and dwell times at corresponding locations to best meet dose objectives. A treatment planning study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed methods. Results: The workflow for combined IC/IS BT with customized and inverse optimized IS needle configuration was presented. Dosimetric results of the treatment planning study showed that sufficient target coverage could be obtained with the customized IS needle configuration for challenging cases. The proposed dose-based optimization method for IS needle configuration was feasible and effective. Improved target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing were achieved using the inverse planning method. Conclusions: Using the proposed methods of customizing and optimizing the IS needle configuration, the limitation in the standardized design of combined IC/IS applicators can be addressed, and sufficient target coverage is obtained in cervical cancer patients with unfavorable tumor topography and/or extra lateral expansion.
INTRACRANIAL VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS AND ANEURYSMS, MODERN IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS

Imaging of intracranial vascular structures and pathology has become more complex in the recent decade and involves multiple modalities, including conventional endovascular techniques (catheter angiography), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Vascular malformations may be characterized physiologically as high or low flow, a determination that can dramatically affect treatment plans. Further characterization of high-flow vascular malformations in the brain is made based on complexity and drainage patterns of the malformation itself. Imaging of aneurysms has been shown with MRA, CTA, and conventional angiography, but the controversy still exists as to when and how to use these modalities in various clinical settings. The purpose of this chapter is to briefly review the types of intracranial vascular malformations, discuss the preferred methods of imaging in each case, and attempt to provide a rational approach to imaging the intracranial vascular structure and pathology with techniques available in 2007.
Effect of interval and continuous training on proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α and lactate dehydrogenase B levels in adult rat heart

Introduction: Mitochondrial biogenesis is affected by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and can be induced through physical exercise. Lactate from the skeletal muscle produced in the heart during exercise can be used as an energy source through conversion by lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH B). This study compared the effects of continuous training (CT) and interval training (IT) on PGC-1α and LDH B levels in the adult rat hearts. Materials and Methods: Fifteen male adult Wistar rats (12 months old) were randomly divided into three groups as follows: A control Group (c), a CT group and an IT group. Training was conducted using a rodent treadmill, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The duration was 50 min for the CT group. In the IT group, training consisted of 4 bouts of 4 min of exercise, followed by rest intervals of 1 min. Speed was increased each week. After 8 weeks of training, the rats were sacrificed, and the levels of PGC-1α and LDH B in heart tissue were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Differences in PGC-1α levels between groups were statistically significant (P = 0.008), while differences in LDH B levels were not statistically significant (P = 0.063). Levels of PGC-1α and LDH B were higher in the CT group than in the IT group. Conclusion: We concluded that CT has a greater effect on energy metabolism in the heart than IT.
Study on Correlation Between MTHFR Polymorphisms and Unexplained Repeated Spontaneous Abortion

Objective:To study the correlation on MTHFR C677T,MTHFR A1298C,and the combined genotype of them with unexplained repeated spontaneous abortion(URSA). Methods:Gene polymorphisms were detected by the technique of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:C/C gene in URSA was significantly lower than that in normal control.The total mutant T allele frequency was significantly higher than that in control group.There had no significant difference in ages,rural areas or cities,period,and primary or secondary abortions with MTHFR C677T polymorphism.T carrier frequency was related to abortion times.There was no significant difference in the genotypes of MTHFR A1298C in URSA.The combined genetypes of heterozygotes of A 1298C and C677 TC/T caused a relative risk for URSA.Conclusions:MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism not A1298C is the genetic risk factor for URSA.
CAMBIOS EN LOS TEJIDOS BLANDOS RELACIONADOS CON EL MOVIMIENTO DE LAS ESTRUCTURAS DURAS EN CIRUGÍA BIMAXILAR, A LOS DIECIOCHO MESES 1 SOFT TISSUE CHANGES IN RELATIONSHIP TO MOVEMENT OF HARD STRUCTURES IN BIMAXILLARY SURGERY, EIGHTEEN MONTHS FOLLOW UP 1

Introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term follow up of soft tissues to hard tissues after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with or without mentoplasty Methods: twenty two patients treated at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paul (HUSVP) during years 2004 to 2006. Two radiographs were taken: pre-surgery (T1) one month before surgery and post-surgery (T2) eighteen months after the procedure. Results: it was found in this study that in the horizontal maxillary plane, upper labralis had the highest follow up with 95 %, followed by subnasal and nasal tip with 67 and 60% respectively. In the mandible the results were 111%, 81.9, 69, 68 and 30% for inferior labralis, Point B, menton, pogonion and gnation respectively; In the vertical plane the follow up was 112, 100 and 55% for upper labralis, nasal tip and subnasal respectively. The mandible showed a follow up of 92% for menton, 72 for gnathion, 54 for pogonion and 32 for Point B in relationship with their corresponding hard tissue points. When we compared the differences of follow up of soft tissues in relation with the hard tissues in the horizontal plane in patients with and without mentoplasty,a statistically significative difference was found for point B and Pogonion: in the vertical plane the difference was significant for Gnation, Point B and pogonion. Conclusions: it is concluded that the follow up of soft tissues to hard tissues after orthognathic bimaxillary surgery eighteen months later is different to uni-maxillary surgery and new parameters must be established for the Latin American population.
A Correlation Analysis Between Rate of Force Development of the Quadriceps and Postural Sway in Healthy Older Adults

Purpose: The abilities to generate force quickly and control postural sway are shown to decrease with age. Therefore, the intent of this investigation was to examine the relationship between rate of force development (RFD) and control of postural sway in healthy older adults. Methods: Data from 27 subjects (67.7 ± 5.7years ) were collected in a single‐session design. Data included time in milliseconds to reach 30% and 90% of maximal isometric knee extensor force and the amount of postural sway during eyes opened and closed dynamic balance conditions. Results: Correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between RFD and the magnitude of postural sway. Conclusions: Although the ability to generate muscular forces quickly and control of postural sway decline as a function of aging, the data of this investigation suggest that these two variables do not share a relationship in healthy, older adults.
Gunstige en ongunstige effecten van zonlichtexpositie

De laatste eeuwen is in westerse landen het menselijk ge drag ten aanzien van zonlichtexpositie aan verandering onderhevig geweest. In de negentiende eeuw was ‘bleek’ het schoonheidsideaal en werden allerlei strategieen bedacht om de zon zoveel mogelijk te vermijden. In het begin van de twintigste eeuw veranderde de mode en werd een gebruinde huid het schoonheidsideaal. Tevens dateert uit die eeuw het inzicht dat zonlicht essentieel is voor de botontwikkeling; ook werd (kunst)zonlicht toegepast bij de behandeling van uiteenlopende ziekten, zoals rachitis, tuberculose, psoriasis en eczeem. In de loop van de twintigste eeuw werd echter steeds duidelijker dat zonlicht ook ongunstige effecten heeft, vooral op de huid. Al in 1936 werd in het Journal of the American Medical Association een redactioneel artikel gewijd aan de gevaren van zonlicht. 1 Vanaf de zestiger jaren werden eerst vooral in Australie en de Verenigde Staten, maar later ook in West-Europa in toenemende mate publiekscampagnes gehouden om de bevolking tot minder zonexpositie te bewegen. 1 Het lijkt alsof er nu weer een nieuwe periode aanbreekt. De laatste 10 jaar is er een stijgend aantal publicaties over de gunstige effecten van zonlicht, vooral op andere vormen van kanker dan huidkanker. In dit artikel geven wij een overzicht van diverse invloeden van zonlicht op ziekte en gezondheid, met name op kanker.
Nonspecific benign pathological results on computed tomography-guided lung biopsy: A predictive model of true negatives

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a predictive model for identifying true negatives among nonspecific benign results on computed tomography-guided lung biopsy. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. Between December 2013 and May 2016, a total of 126 patients with nonspecific benign biopsy results were used as the training group to create a predictive model of true-negative findings. Between June 2016 and June 2017, additional 56 patients were used as the validation group to test the constructed model. Results: In the training group, a total of 126 lesions from 126 patients were biopsied. Biopsies from 106 patients were true negatives and 20 were false-negatives. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were identified a biopsy result of “chronic inflammation with fibroplasia” as a predictor of true-negative results (P = 0.013). Abnormal neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level (P = 0.012) and pneumothorax during the lung biopsy (P = 0.021) were identified as predictors of false-negative results. A predictive model was developed as follows: Risk score = −0.437 + 2.637 × NSE level + 1.687 × pneumothorax - 1.82 × biopsy result of “chronic inflammation with fibroplasia. ” The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.78 (P < 0.001). To maximize sensitivity and specificity, we selected a cutoff risk score of −0.029. When the model was used on the validation group, the area under the ROC curve was 0.766 (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Our predictive model showed good predictive ability for identifying true negatives among nonspecific benign lung biopsy results.
Level of insufficient physical activity among adults in a rural area of South India: A population-based cross-sectional study

Introduction: Insufficient physical activity is the fourth leading cause of death globally. Increased physical activity improves the physical and psychological well-being and decreases the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and cancer. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 267 adults from a rural area of Kancheepuram District in Tamil Nadu, South India. Cluster sampling method was used. Clusters were selected randomly. Within each clusters, the simple random sampling method was used to select the individual participants. Data were collected using the World Health Organization's standard Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Overall prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults in a rural area of South India was 22.5% (17.88–27.85) (n = 60), and the prevalence of sufficient physical activity was 77.5 (72.2–82.08) (n = 207). Among overall physical activity, major contribution was from work (75%) followed by transport time activity (18%) and the least by leisure-time physical activity, which was only 7%. With increase in age, level of adequate physical activity was decreasing (adjusted odds ratio (0.95 [0.92–0.98], P < 0.001). Insufficient physical activity was not associated with any other studied factors (gender, employment, education, occupation, and marital status). Conclusion: In a rural area of South India, the physical activity was contributed majorly by work domain and least by other domains. Leisure-time physical activity in rural community was poor and to be encouraged in future by community interventions.
Melanoma liver metastases with special imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging after microwave ablations: How to evaluate technical efficacy?

Purpose: To evaluate the technical feasibility of microwave ablation (MWA) for melanoma liver metastases with persistent high signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Seven patients with 22 target melanoma liver metastases who underwent MWA treatment were included. All procedure-related complications were observed and recorded. One month after MWA, the imaging features of treated liver metastases and ablation zones with different MRI sequences were reviewed to evaluate technique efficacy. To verify the correctness of the evaluation, MRI scans during patient follow-up were reviewed and compared with images before MWA to analyze changes in treated liver metastases and ablation zones. Results: All ablations were performed successfully, and there were no procedure-related major complications. After ablation, according to MRI T1-weighted pre-contrast or contrast sequences, the persistence of high signals from the treated lesions was noted inside the ablation zones of 19 lesions. Among these 19 lesions, 17 were completely covered by the ablation zones and were considered successfully treated, whereas two lesions were not completely covered and were considered unsuccessfully treated. Three lesions could not be detected on any MRI sequence after ablation and were also considered successfully treated. Finally, MRI scans during patient follow-up care verified these evaluations. Conclusion: MWA is a technically feasible option for melanoma liver metastases with special imaging features on MRI.