Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnitude of Poor Sleep Hygiene Practice and Associated Factors among Medical Students in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Good sleep hygiene plays an important role in human health. Medical students are notorious for insufficient and irregular sleep habits which are linked with students' learning abilities, poor academic performance, and poor interpersonal relationship which predispose them to mental illnesses. However, it has not been studied among medical students in Ethiopia. Method This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 576 undergraduate medical students selected by using a stratified sampling technique. Sleep hygiene (SHI) was assessed by a 13-item sleep hygiene questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the potential determinants of poor sleep hygiene among undergraduate medical students. Variables with p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and the strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% C.I. Result The prevalence of poor sleep hygiene practice among undergraduate medical students was 48.1% (95% 43.7, 52.1). After adjusting for the possible confounders, being female (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.03, 2.26), having depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.55, 95% CI 2.26, 5.59), with stress symptoms (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.61, 3.60), and having anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.42, 3.31) were associated with poor sleep hygiene practice at p value < 0.05. Conclusion Almost half of the medical students had poor sleep hygiene practice. Routine screening of depressive and stress symptoms and education about sleep hygiene are warranted among medical students.
True Auger spectral shapes: A step to standard spectra

We have developed a novel cylindrical mirror Auger electron analyzer with the well defined electric field of 0.1°% and the residual magnetic field of less than 1 mG. The CMA has a coaxial electron gun and the entrance angles are 42.3 o ±6 o . The theoretically calculated energy resolution of 0.24% was obtained and the transmission was estimated to be 5.6%. This CMA can be used to obtain an absolute Auger electron yield with errors in peak heights of 5%, with an uncertainty in the energy position of 0.1 eV (or 0.01%), and with ghost intensities due to scattering of 0.1-0.2%; for energies greater than 10 eV. Samples of polycrystalline gold, silver, and copper have been examined
Prevalence of Focal Inner, Middle, and Combined Retinal Thinning in Diabetic Patients and Its Relationship With Systemic and Ocular Parameters

Purpose To determine the prevalence of focal inner, middle, and combined inner/middle retinal thinning (FIRT, FMRT, and FCRT, respectively) in different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) without diabetic macular edema and to assess the relationship between such findings with ocular and systemic parameters. Methods This was a cross-sectional, comparative study comprising healthy participants and diabetic patients with different stages of DR. Forty-nine horizontal macular B-scans from the selected eye were obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and analyzed for the presence of FIRT, FMRT, or FCRT and any relationship with systemic and ocular parameters. Focal retinal thinning (FRT) was subjectively defined as any evidence of inner and/or middle retinal thinning. Results A total of 190 participants (52 healthy participants and 138 diabetic patients) were included. A higher prevalence of FRT was observed in eyes with advanced DR versus healthy eyes and versus diabetic eyes with no DR or mild DR. FIRT and FCRT were significantly greater in eyes with proliferative DR treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation, and FMRT was significantly more common in eyes with severe nonproliferative DR. FRT was significantly more common in patients with coronary artery disease and was positively correlated with diabetes duration, serum creatinine, and glycosylated hemoglobin and negatively correlated with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and visual acuity. Conclusions FRT occurs in all stages of DR and is increasingly prevalent with increasing severity of DR. Translational Relevance OCT identification of FRT may provide a surrogate biomarker of retinal and systemic disease in diabetic patients.
Enhancing Structural Properties and Performance of Graphene-Based Devices Using Self-Assembled HMDS Monolayers

The performance of graphene devices is often limited by defects and impurities induced during device fabrication. Polymer residue left on the surface of graphene after photoresist processing can increase electron scattering and hinder electron transport. Furthermore, exposing graphene to plasma-based processing such as sputtering of metallization layers can increase the defect density in graphene and alter the device performance. Therefore, the preservation of the high-quality surface of graphene during thin-film deposition and device manufacturing is essential for many electronic applications. Here, we show that the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as a buffer layer during the device fabrication of graphene can significantly reduce damage, improve the quality of graphene, and enhance device performance. The role of HMDS has been systematically investigated using surface analysis techniques and electrical measurements. The benefits of HMDS treatment include a significant reduction in defect density compared with as-treated graphene and more than a 2-fold reduction of contact resistance. This surface treatment is simple and offers a practical route for improving graphene device interfaces, which is important for the integration of graphene into functional devices such as electronics and sensor devices.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Actias dubernardi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Actias dubernardi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is 15,270 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a putative control region. All of the protein-coding genes (PCGs) use the standard start codon ATN, except for cox1 which starts with CGA. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using a dataset matrix containing 13 PCGs concatenated from the mitogenomes of 14 Saturniidae species. The monophyly of the five Actias species was highly supported and Antheraea was inferred as the sister group of Actias.
Strain‐Multiplex Metalens Array for Tunable Focusing and Imaging

Metalenses on a flexible template are engineered metal‐dielectric interfaces that improve conventional imaging system and offer dynamic focusing and zooming capabilities by controlling the focal length and bandwidth through a mechanical or external stretch. However, realizing large‐scale and cost‐effective flexible metalenses with high yields in a strain‐multiplex fashion remains as a great challenge. Here, single‐pulsed, maskless light interference and imprinting technique is utilized to fabricate reconfigurable, flexible metalenses on a large‐scale and demonstrate its strain‐multiplex tunable focusing. Experiments, in accordance with the theory, show that applied stretch on the flexible‐template reconfigurable diffractive metalenses (FDMLs) accurately mapped focused wavefront, bandwidth, and focal length. The surface relief metastructures consisted of metal‐coated hemispherical cavities in a hexagonal close‐packed arrangement to enhance tunable focal length, numerical aperture, and fill factor, FF ≈ 100% through normal and angular light illumination with external stretch. The strain‐multiplex of FDMLs approach lays the foundation of a new class of large‐scale, cost‐effective metalens offering tunable light focusing and imaging.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip screening programme in Chile

Abstract Purpose Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) encompasses a wide pathological spectrum, from mild acetabular dysplasia to complete congenital hip dislocation at birth. Screening policies have been implemented in an effort to effectively identify and treat patients with DDH. Since 2009 there has been a national DDH programme in Chile. The current study evaluates the results of the programme in patients born between 2010 and 2015. Methods Records of patients hospitalized from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2019 were retrieved from national databases. Those born from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2015 who underwent a procedure for DDH under general anaesthesia during their first five years of life were selected. Sex, first surgical procedure and age at first surgical procedure were analyzed. The incidence of DDH that required major surgical treatment was calculated. Results A total of 961 children born from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2015 underwent a procedure for DDH during their first five years of life. The number of major procedures was significantly lower than the number of minor procedures (269 vs 692). The incidence of major procedures was 0.18 per 1000 live births. Girls underwent a higher number of procedures than boys (831 vs 130), whereas 39.2% of the boys and 26.2% of the girls had major procedures. The mean age at the time of the first procedure was 15.35 months (sd 10.09; range 0.03 to 55.92 months). Conclusion The present study suggests that the Chilean National DDH Screening Program is an appropriate programme with substantial benefits with respect to public health. Level of evidence II
Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic influenza viruses and B7-H3 immune- checkpoint inhibitors against IC-resistant lung cancers

ABSTRACT Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) establish a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment supporting cancer growth. To interfere with cancer-mediated immunosuppression, selective immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as a standard-of-care treatment for NSCLCs. However, the majority of patients poorly respond to ICI-based immunotherapies. Oncolytic viruses are amongst the many promising immunomodulatory treatments tested as standalone therapy or in combination with ICIs to improve therapeutic outcome. Previously, we demonstrated the oncolytic and immunomodulatory efficacy of low-pathogenic influenza Aviruses (IAVs) against NSCLCs in immunocompetent transgenic mice with a lung-specific overexpression of active Raf kinase (Raf-BxB). IAV infection not only resulted in significant primary virus-induced oncolysis, but also caused a functional reversion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) comprising additional anti-cancer activity. Here we show that NSCLCs as well as TAMs and cytotoxic immune cells overexpress IC molecules of the PD-L2/PD-1 and B7-H3 signaling axes. Thus, we aimed to combine oncolytic IAV-infection with ICIs to exploit the benefits of both anti-cancer approaches. Strikingly, IAV infection combined with the novel B7-H3 ICI led to increased levels of M1-polarized alveolar macrophages and increased lung infiltration by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which finally resulted in significantly improved oncolysis of about 80% of existing tumors. In contrast, application of clinically approved α-PD-1 IC antibodies alone or in combination with oncolytic IAV did not provide additional oncolytic or immunomodulatory efficacy. Thus, individualized therapy with synergistically acting oncolytic IAV and B7-H3 ICI might be an innovative future approach to target NSCLCs that are resistant to approved ICIs in patients.
The S1A protease family members CG10764 and CG4793 regulate cellular immunity in Drosophila

In nature, Drosophila melanogaster larvae are infected by parasitoid wasps and mount a cellular immune response to this infection. Several conserved signaling pathways have been implicated in coordinating this response, however our understanding of the integration and regulation of these pathways is incomplete. Members of the S1A serine protease family have been previously linked to immune functions, and our findings suggest roles for two S1A family members, CG10764 and CG4793 in the cellular immune response to parasitoid infection.
Preparation and characterization of poly(hydroxyurethane) /halloysite nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization

Abstract Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with hollow nanotubular structures were used as a new type filler for polyhydroxyurethane. The polyhydroxyurethane/halloysite nanocomposites (PHU/HNTs) were prepared by the in-situ surface-initiated polymerization of a five-membered cyclic carbonate 2,2- bis[p-(1,3-dioxolan-2-one-4-yl-methoxy) phenyl] propane (B5CC) and hexa methylene diamine, from the surfaces of the aminopropyl halloysite nanotubes (APHNTs) for the first time. The percentage of grafting (PG %) and the grafting efficiency (GE %) of 41% and 23% were calculated from the results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and from the results of elemental analysis (EA) respectively after the free polyhydroxyurethane was washed off. The chemical grafting of the polymer was also confirmed using FTIR; the morphology of the silica nanotubes in the nanocomposite was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Inorganic oxide glasses as ionic polymers

Oxide glasses can be regarded as network polymers consisting of oxygen atoms linked through multivalent atoms such as boron, silicon and phosphorus, and many of their properties can be related to two simple parameters of the network; the crosslink density and the packing density of oxygen atoms. The effects of changes in composition on the transformation temperatures of phosphate, borate, and borophosphate glasses can be rationalised in terms of these two network parameters.
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT FOR AN OPEN-CATHODE DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL THAT UTILIZES A LIQUID BARRIER LAYER

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT FOR AN OPEN-CATHODE DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL THAT UTILIZES A LIQUID BARRIER LAYER By Cheng-Chan Kuo December 2011 Chair: William E. Lear Major: Mechanical Engineering Water management is a critical issue in a practical direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system. In this research, the interaction of water management and performance of a DMFC stack with an open-cathode design utilizing a liquid barrier layer (LBL) is studied. As compared to the traditional design, the novel DMFC stack has a passive water-recovery mechanism and eliminates the water collection and replenishment devices on the cathode side, reducing the complexity and size of the system. However, water management of the new DMFC stack can impose significant operating constraints if the water balance is not well-controlled. The purpose of this research is to analytically and experimentally study the effects of the change of the key variables on the water balance of the novel DMFC stack. A model was developed to simulate the cell performance, rate of methanol crossover, and multi-component mass transport of the novel DMFC stack. A dimensionless water balance parameter, χ, based on the conservation of mass of the water inside the stack, was also created to facilitate the study of the water balance of the stack. A water management map of the novel DMFC stack was created based on the developed model. The modeling results were validated with the data from our experiments on this novel stack design. The results showed that the stack temperature dominates the control of water management of this DMFC stack design. Increases in the
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gentiana atropurpurea and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract Gentiana atropurpurea is an annual herb belonging to section Microsperma T.N. Ho series Suborbisepalae Marquand. This species is endemic to China with its distribution limited to the southeast of the QTP. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of G. atropurpurea was characterized from Illumina pair-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome of G. atropurpurea was 145,757 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 78,287 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 16,750 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,360 bp. The overall GC content is 37.90%, while the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.8, 31.7, and 43.4%, respectively. The genome contains 132 complete genes, including 86 protein-coding genes (62 protein-coding gene species), 37 tRNA genes (29 tRNA species), and eight rRNA genes (four rRNA species). Phylogenetic analysis based on complete chloroplast genomes showed that G. atropurpurea and G. tongolensis clustered together as sisters to other related species.
The Role of Nkx3.1 in Cancers and Stemness

The well-known androgen-regulated homeobox gene, NKX3.1, is located on the short arm of chromosome 8. It is the first known prostate epithelium-specific marker, and is a transcription factor involved in development of the testes and prostate. In addition to specifying the prostate epithelium and maintaining normal prostate secretory function, Nkx3.1 is an established marker for prostate cancer. Over the years, however, this gene has been implicated in various other cancers, and technological advances have allowed determination of its role in other cellular functions. Nkx3.1 has also been recently identified as a factor capable of replacing Oct4 in cellular reprogramming. This review highlights the role of this tumor suppressor and briefly describes its functions, ranging from prostate development to maintenance of stemness and cellular reprogramming.
Long-term micro-structure and cerebral blood flow changes in patients recovered from COVID-19 without neurological manifestations.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly progressed to a global pandemic. Although patients totally recover from COVID-19 pneumonia, long-term effects on the brain still need to be explored. Here, two subtypes (mild type-MG and severe type-SG) with no specific neurological manifestations at the acute stage and no obvious lesions on the conventional MRI three months after discharge were recruited. Changes in gray matter morphometry, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and white matter (WM) microstructure were investigated using MRI. The relationship between brain imaging measurements and inflammation markers were further analyzed. Compared with healthy controls, the decrease in cortical thickness/CBF, and the changes in WM microstructure were observed to be more severe in the SG than MG, especially in the frontal and limbic systems. Furthermore, changes in brain microstructure, CBF and tracts parameters were significantly correlated with inflammatory markers. The indirect injury related to inflammatory storm may damage the brain, that led to these interesting observations. There are also other likely potential causes, such as hypoxemia and dysfunction of vascular endothelium, et al. The abnormalities in these brain areas need to be monitored in the process of complete recovery, which could help clinicians to understand the potential neurological sequelae of COVID-19.
Mathematical Modeling of Char Reactivity in Ar−O2 and CO2−O2 Mixtures

The kinetics of the coal char + O2 reaction was studied by thermogravimetry. Low sample masses were employed to ensure an approximate kinetic regime. Special emphasis was placed on clarifying how the recirculation of the flue gases (i.e. the presence of a high amount of CO2 at low O2 concentrations) affects the reactivity. The ambient gas concentrations varied from 100% O2 to 5% O2 in CO2 or Ar. A semiempirical model is presented that can approximate the reactivity changes during the conversion and takes into account the heterogeneity of the samples. A least-squares evaluation procedure resulted in a good fit to the experimental data over a wide variety of temperature programs and ambient gas concentrations. The overall burn-off time of the samples varied from 8 min to 3 h depending on the experimental conditions. The reaction rate was found to be proportional to the O2 concentration of the ambient gas and was not influenced by the presence of high amounts of CO2. The reaction started with a sharp acceler.
[Prevalence of sarcopenia in older age hospitalized persons, as determined by different sets of diagnostic criteria.]

OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterised by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and physical performance; it carries the risk of physical incapacity and reduced quality of life. This work reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in people aged ≥65 years, all in-patients at the Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, as determined by three sets of diagnostic criteria. The suitability of the indistinct use of these criteria sets was discussed. METHODS This was a cross sectional study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed depending on muscle mass, strength and functionality according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), EWSOP2 and SARCF criteria. This study involved 295 people, all aged ≥65 years, and all of whom had been admitted to the above hospital between 1st March and 30th September 2018. Sampling was consecutive and performed at the internal medicine ward. RESULTS The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 43.7% [95%CI 38-49.4%] according to the EWGSOP criteria, 28.5% [23.3-33.7%] according to EWGSOP2, and 37.6% [32-43.1%] according to SARCF. The EWGSOP criteria showed sarcopenia to be significantly more common among men than women (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sarcopenia recorded differed depending on the set of criteria used; they cannot, therefore, be used indistinctly for the diagnosis of this condition. Rather, given the results obtained, it would seem reasonable, in Europe, to continue using the EGSWOP criteria while research continues in this area.
The determination of the optical band and optical constants of non-crystalline and crystalline ZnO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis

The optical constants and optical band gaps of the non-crystalline and crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited by the spray pyrolysis method onto glass substrates at the different deposition times have been investigated by optical characterization method. The structure of the films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the results obtained showed that the film structure changed from non-crystalline to crystalline with increasing the deposition time. The effect of film thickness on the bandgap and optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient and dielectric constants) of these films has been investigated and the film thickness changes the optical constants and Urbach energy values of the films. The direct band gaps Egi of S1, S2, S3 and S4 thin films were determined 3.295 eV 3.280 eV, 3.297 eV and 3.295 eV, respectively. It can be evaluated that the film thickness does almost not change the optical band gap of the films. The width of the tails of localized states in the optical band gap of the films increases with increasing non crystalline film thickness. The dispersion curves of the refractive index of the non crystalline films obey single-oscillator model, whereas the curves of the crystalline films do not obey this model. The dispersion parameters such as Eo (single-oscillator energy) and Ed (dispersive energy) of the non crystalline films were determined. These values increase with increasing film thickness.