Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Niche Construction and Theory of Agricultural Origins. Case studies in punctuated equilibrium

In contemporary archaeological and anthropological research, the domestication of plants and animals in the Near East during the Early Holocene is alternatively interpreted as an over­all slow and gradual, or as a rapid process. The present reanalysis of published archaeobotanical and archaeozoological data shows that the wild-domesticate-transition (WDT) was indeed initially slow (millennial scale), but terminated at 10.2 ± 0.2 ka cal BP with an abrupt switch to herding and agriculture. The abruptness of WDT can be understood as due to amplification under positive feedback conditions (resonance) of some few biological and social factors, primarily the short and long- distance transport of domesticates, in conjunction with a synchronous, abrupt climatic switch to higher precipitation.
Assessment of Robustness Index and Progressive Collapse in the RC Frame with Shear Wall Structure under Blast Loading

If in the event of a critical incident, by eliminating a structural element, a comprehensive damage occurs, such a phenomenon is called progressive collapse. At the moment of explosion, redistribute the carried load by members of damaged structural element or the adjacent members may Lead to excessive tension or exceed the load capacity of the other members of that damage is the result of diffusion. To study the phenomenon of progressive collapse and structural robustness index under blast loading, four types of structures with RC moment frame with shear walls in four, seven, twelve, and fourteen story level, which all of them have the same plan, have been considered. In the above-mentioned buildings, Some structural elements have been removed and the impact of these scenarios on the dynamic behavior of structures during the explosion has been examined. In this study, the potential and capacity structures against the progressive collapse and the failure modes using local dynamic analysis of the explosion has been determined. Also, robustness structural Index has been evaluated. So the analysis to find the most likely failure mode for development improvement purposes, it is possible that could result in structures with higher reliability in a seismic zone.
The influence of rice husk and tobacco waste biochars on soil quality

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural land threatens soil and food quality. Soil pollution could be remediate using biochar, but the effectiveness of biochar on soil quality improvement is determined by types of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. This study was aimed to explore the effect of different types of biochar on soil properties. Biochar from rice husk and tobacco waste was applied to soil contaminated with lead and mercury. This study was conducted at Sumber Brantas, Malang East Java, and used a completely randomized design with three replicates. Heavy metals content was measured using AAS. The results of measurements were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% and 1% significance levels. The initial analysis of the soil properties at the research site showed that the soil nutrient status was low, i.e. N (0.2 %), K (0.50 cmol + /kg), and CEC (5.9 me/100g) respectively, but soil pH was neutral (6.8). The research site also has crossed the threshold of heavy metal content for Hg (0.5 ppm), Pb (25.22 ppm), Cd (1.96 ppm), and As (0.78 ppm). Biochar added had a positive influence on soil characteristics improvement. It could increase the content of organic C, i.e. 35.12% and 31.81% and CEC (cation exchange capacity), i.e.30.56 me/100g and 28.13 me/100 g for rice husk biochar and tobacco waste biochar, respectively. However, N, P, and K contents were low i.e. N ( 0.33 and 0.30 %); P 2 O 5 (148.79 and 152 ppm); K (1.58 and 2.11 mg/100g) for rice husk biochar and tobacco waste biochar, respectively.
Aspergillus niger SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED NUTRIENT CONTENT AND QUALITY OF COCOA WASTE (Theobroma cacao L. )

Experiments were carried out to study the effect of fermentation of cocoa pod waste using Aspergillus niger on its nutrient content and its effect on the growth of Bali cattle. Cocoa pod waste were collected from 4 difference districts; Buleleng, Jembrana, Tabanan and Badung which considered as the centers of cocoa plantation in Bali. Four different types of cocoa waste: cocoa pod, cocoa fruits bored by insect (Conopomorpa cramerella Snellen); rotten cocoa fruit (infected by Phytopthora palmovera) and cocoa fruit infected by Helopeltis sp. were chopped then fermented using Aspergillus niger for 6-7 days. After fermentation period each samples were dried under the sun for 3-4 days then ground up. All samples were analyzed for proximate analysis and for minerals as well as for theobromine and cyanide content. Result of the pooled data in this experiment shows that the protein, ash, calcium and phosphorus content were increased 38.51%, 28.5%, 1.55% and 29.0% respectively. On the contrary, crude fi ber, organic matter, ether extract were decreased 21.61%, 2.48% and 31.31% respectively. Effect of fermentation using Aspergillus niger signifi cantly reduced theobromine and cyanide content as much as 28.97% and 28.23% when compared to the unfermented samples. When the fermented cocoa waste was used to composed 50% of the cattle diets and fed 3 kg per head/day to Bali cattle, the daily weight gain recorded was 660 g/day versus 530 g/day for the control counterpart. It was concluded that fermentation of cocoa waste using Aspergillus niger signifi cantly improved its nutrient content and quality of the feeds, and when fed to the cattle it gave 24.5% higher weight gain than their control counterpart.
A Pre-Prototype 2015 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Myanmar

This paper documents the compilation of a Pre-Prototype 2015 Social Accounting Matrix for Myanmar and provides an overview of key economic structural features of this emerging economy in a challenging process of transition. We built this Social Accounting Matrix using National Accounts and Supply and Use Table data as well as Balance of Payment data for the 2014-15 fiscal year together with Government Budget Statistics from the 2017 Statistical Yearbook. It provides a detailed representation of the Myanmar economy and identifies 43 activities and 43 commodities. We disaggregated labour by education attainment level and household income and expenditure by per capita expenditure quintiles for both urban and rural areas and farm and non-farm categories. The Social Accounting Matrix features government, investment, and foreign accounts and is a key database for conducting economy-wide impact assessments to strengthen the evidence underlying policy interventions.
Genetic parameters for type and functional traits in the French Holstein breed

In France, EBVs are routinely estimated for lactation somatic cell counts, female fertility, and functional longevity. These functional traits have rather low heritabilities, leading to limited reliabilities for young sires. To include these traits in a total merit index, it is desirable to improve their genetic evaluations taking advantage of indirect information. Type traits are potential early predictors of functional traits, because they are early scored and because their heritability is moderate to high. To combine the direct information on functional traits with the indirect information on type traits, it is necessary to know the genetic correlations between all traits. But it is difficult to estimate the genetic relationship between all these traits directly from the data. This is especially true when one of the traits is functional longevity evaluated by survival analysis. Here we present an approximate estimation of these genetic correlations in the French Holstein breed based on MACE methodology applied to A.I. bulls evaluations. These estimates are compared to correlations between proofs and, for some traits, to REML estimates obtained from smaller data samples. According to these estimates, prediction of functional longevity could be improved by udder depth and temperament, somatic cell counts by milking speed and udder depth, and (to a smaller extend) female fertility by temperament and rump angle.
Predictive Feeling of Knowing Judgements and Postdictive Confidence Judgements in Eyewitness Memory and General Knowledge

Recent accounts of feeling of knowing (FOK) judgements assume that they arise from an assessment of cue familiarity, whilst retrospective confidence judgements arise from an assessment of the retrieval process. An experiment was conducted to extend this laboratory work to the area of eyewitness memory, in order to examine whether subjects are able to make accurate feeling of knowing judgements and retrospective confidence judgements for eyewitness memory (EM), in contrast to general knowledge (GK). For confidence judgements there was a reliable within-subject assessment of confidence for both GK and EM, but reliable between-subjects confidence--accuracy correlations for general knowledge only. For FOK a different pattern emerged, with no evidence of FOK accuracy for eyewitness memory at all. The theoretical implications of this pattern are discussed. Language: en
The dynamics of a ring of coupled Phase-Locked loops

The dynamics of two and three coupled PhaseLocked loops is considered. In the bifurcation diagrams the domains of different dynamic regimes are extracted. 1. A Phase-Locked loop (PLL) is one of the typical systems of synchronization. It is a closed loop frequency system; its functioning is based on the detection of phase difference between the input and output signals of the controlled oscillators. PLLs have high accuracy, reliability, noise resistance, controllability, capability to provide high power and frequency. These properties of PLLs make them highly promising for data communication by means of chaotic signals too. The dynamical chaos may be occurred either in the single PLLs with the high order filter or in the ensemble of the PLLs with the low order filters. At the present time the ring of PLLs haven’t been considered in the scientific literature; as a result this paper is concerned with research of this rings. 2. In this part the dynamics of a ring of two phaselocked loops is considered. The equation for such a system is written as follows: dφ dτ = y, dy dτ = z, ε1ε2 dz dτ = γ − [(1 − κ1)b + 1 − κ2] sin φ − (1) − (ε1 + ε2)z − − {1 + [ε1(1 − κ1)b + ε2(1 − κ2)] cos φ}y. Here, φ current phase difference between the first and the second partial generators, b, ε1,2 parameters of the partial systems, κ1,2 parameters of the connections. System (1) has been defined on the 3D phase cylinder U={φ(mod2π), y, z}, which makes possible the existence of different types of attractors. For the simplest case of the zero order filters, when ε1,2 0, equation (1) can be written as follows: dφ dτ = γ − sinφ[(1 − κ1)b + 1 − κ2] (2) 0 k1 g k =1-(1k ) 1 2 * b g 1-k + 1-k ) 1
Anti-fibrotic effects of polygonum plebeium r.br. in CCl4-induced hepatic damage and fibrosis in rats

Introduction: Asian countries have the highest burden of liver diseases. Polygonum plebeium (P. plebeium), a.k. a. the common knotweed, is a species of plant in the knotwood family that can act as a blood purifier and has been widely used in Pakistan to cure liver disorders like jaundice and hepatitis. The plant is also used in the treatment of pneumonia, bowel complaints, diarrhea, dysentery, eczema and ring worms. Tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids are the major components of P. plebeium. Since its use in folk medicine in Pakistan, there has been little scientific evidence or information on it. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the anti-fibrotic effects of P. plebeium in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity and fibrosis. Methods: The extracts of whole plant of P. plebeium were prepared and administered by oral gavage in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CCl4. To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of P. plebeium, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) levels were quantified. Histological evaluation of liver tissue revealed tissue necrosis and extracellular matrix deposition. Real-time PCR was done to evaluate mRNA expression of genes related to liver fibrosis. Results: The groups treated with P. plebeium extract showed an ablation in liver damage; the elevated enzyme levels of ALT, AST and γGT were decreased. Treatment with P. plebeium extract treatment restored the CCl4-induced tissue fibrosis by significantly suppressing alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumor growth factor beta (TGF-β) and collagen mRNA expression levels. Histology of liver sections also showed that the CCl4-induced fibrosis was improved in the treatment groups. Conclusion: Polygonum plebeium has therapeutic potential and can be used for preventing fibrosis in inflammatory liver disease.
Social networking and identity theft in the digital society

This paper explores the vulnerability of social network users to identity theft when they share personal identification information online. The sharing of details like age, sex, address and other personal information like photographs can assist in establishing an identity. Identity criminals exploit social network users and the weaknesses of social networking sites to gather the information needed to commit identity theft and identity fraud using this identification information. While there are mechanisms that can reduce the incidence of this crime, information sharing on social networks is voluntary, which, makes its control difficult. This paper presents an exploration of existing literature from Australia, the United States and United Kingdom and highlights the importance of the relationship between social networking and identity crime. The drivers to sharing information on these platforms are considered. The paper provides opportunities to improve the understanding of the relationship between personal information and the crime. A difficulty in having preventative mechanisms in place is that social networking sites have a vested interest in promoting rather than preventing the sharing of information. Further, identity crime is pervasive which, makes the amelioration of risks difficult. In conclusion, efforts have been made in this paper to outline arguments that will assist in resolving the crime given vulnerability of social network users
Estimating nonuse values using conjoint analysis

Conjoint analysis is a stated-preference technique for eliciting valuations of nonmarket, multi-attribute commodities. Recently it has begun to be used in environmental economics as an alternative to contingent valuation. In applications to environmental economics, though, conjoint analysis has been used to estimate use values or total values—the sum of use and nonuse values. We show a simple way to estimate the value of a resource to those who should have only nonuse values and illustrate using two surveys about national parks in Maine.
CO-EXPRESSION OF GALECTIN-3 AND αVβ3 INTEGRIN AT PINOPODES OF HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM

Background: Pinopodes are suggested as biological markers of uterine receptivity, but their molecular components are unknown. Objective: Co-expression of galectin-3 and ? v? 3 integrin at human pinopodes has been examined in this study to propose a role for them during adhesion phase of embryo implantation. Materials and Methods: Biopsies were obtained from early and mid luteal phase endometrium of 12 fertile women with regular menstrual periods (25-35 days) and the mean age of 37 years (range 25–45). Then, they were examined under light and scanning electron microscopy for detection and dating of pinopodes. Using immunofluorescent staining and immunogold electron microscopy, the expression of galectin-3 and ? v? 3 integrin in human endometrium and pinopodes was detected. Further, statistical analysis was performed using immunogold electron microscopy to investigate the expression and subcellular distribution of these, before and during the frame of implantation window. Results: The results demonstrated that pinopodes of luminal epithelial cells exhibited immunoreactivity for both galectin-3 and ? v? 3 integrin, which was increased statistically significant (pl 0.05) at the time of implantation window. Furthermore, area-related distribution of these proteins was found higher in pinopodes compared to the neighboring apical membrane without pinopode. Conclusion: Temporal and spatial expression of galectin-3 and ? v? 3 integrin at pinopodes proposes a role for pinopodes in the adhesion of embryo and the involvement of galectin-3 as a binding partner of integrins in the human utero-fetal complex.
The Role of Urban Villages in the Development of Surrounding Villages

From the past to the present time, in all civilizations and countries, urbanization is considered the most striking evolution of human societies. With the advent of the industrial revolution and the rapid expansion of cities, societies were faced with numerous problems. One of the most significant problems is Extreme centralization in one city or more and fragmentation of urban hierarchical system in most countries. Due to overcrowding in large cities and its related problems and exorbitant costs to build new cities in Iran and failure to success completely, as well as strengthening satellite cities, which in the long run leads to centralization and overpressure on the mother cities, one of the best ideas for decentralization and development in all regions of the country and strengthening a regular urban grid is to create urban villages. From this perspective, the general aim of this research is to elucidate the role of urban villages in rural development.
Self-Directed Learning and Adults: The Role of Personal Control Beliefs.

A study examined the relationship of personal control-of-learning beliefs (learning locus of control) and three separate components of self-directed learning: cognitive strategy use, metacognitive self-regulation, and resource management. Subjects were 88 undergraduate and 2 graduate students from 3 institutions of higher education in Western New York and Northern Pennsylvania. Participants completed the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire that included separate scales for each variable examined. Findings suggested that cognitive strategy use was related to personal control-of-learning beliefs, and this relationship remained constant across three age groups, ranging from 17-49. Metacognitive strategy use was not related to personal control-of-learning beliefs, and this relationship also remained constant. Resource management was significantly related to personal control-of-learning beliefs. This relationship became significantly stronger from the 17to 20-year-old range to the 21to 25-year-old range, but not significantly so. The relationship then became less strong between the second group and the 26to 49-year-old range, but not significantly so. The findings suggested that learning locus of control was related to two dimensions of self-directed learning, but age differences were found only for the resource management dimension. (Contains 19 references.) (Author/YLB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Self-Directed Learning and Adults 1 Running Head: SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING AND ADULTS Self-Directed Learning and Adults: The Role of Personal Control Beliefs Carol Van Zile-Tamsen State University of West Georgia This paper is based on findings presented at the Eastern Educational Research Association Annual Conference in Hilton Head, SC. February 19-22, 1997. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EfiUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
A Framework of Adaptive Multimodal Input for Location-Based Augmented Reality Application

Location-based AR is one of the most familiar mobile application currently being used. The position of the user relative to the real world will be located and digital information can be overlaid to provide information on the user’s current location and surroundings. Four main types of mobile augmented reality interfaces have been studied and one of them is a multimodal interface. Multimodal interface processes two or more combined user input modes (such as speech, pen, touch, manual gesture and gaze) in a coordinated manner with multimedia system output. In the multimodal interface, many frameworks have been proposed to guide the designer to develop multimodal applications including in augmented reality environment but there has been little work reviewing the framework of adaptive multimodal input in mobile augmented reality application. This paper presents the conceptual framework to illustrate the adaptive multimodal interface for location-based augmented reality application. We reviewed several frameworks that have been proposed in the field of multimodal interfaces, adaptive interface and location-based augmented reality. We analyzed the components in the previous frameworks and measure which input modalities can be applied in mobile devices. Our framework can be used as a guide for designers and developers to develop a location-based AR application with an adaptive multimodal interaction.
A test of the sponge-loop hypothesis for emergent Caribbean reef sponges

The sponge-loop hypothesis proposes that coral reef sponges convert the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by benthic primary producers into particulate detritus available to higher trophic levels. The hypothesis was developed and subsequently supported from studies of cryptic, encrusting sponges; however, the sponge-loop has yet to be considered for massive, emergent sponge species that dominate the surface of Caribbean reefs and represent a large proportion of sponge community biomass. We tested the generality of the sponge-loop for emergent sponge fauna by using direct In-Ex methods combined with acoustic Doppler velocimetry and sponge volume calculations to quantify carbon flux for 9 sponge species representing a variety of functional types. The diet of 5 species hosting abundant symbiotic microbes (HMA) primarily consisted of dissolved organic car bon (DOC), while 4 species with low microbial abundances (LMA) primarily consumed detritus and picoplankton. None of the sponge species studied were found to produce significant quantities of detritus. We conclude that, instead of releasing assimilated carbon in the form of detritus, as originally proposed by the sponge-loop for encrusting, cryptic sponges, emergent sponge species likely retain assimilated carbon as biomass. Given the high rates of DOC uptake observed for HMA species, we propose an additional pathway by which the sponge-loop fuels higher trophic levels via predation by fish, turtle, and invertebrate spongivores.