Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Heritability of Duty and Voter Turnout

Explaining voter turnout is a central preoccupation of political scientists. This is due in no small part to the apparently paradoxical nature of participation (Grofman, 1993). The probability of being decisive in any election is very small (e.g. Gelman, Katz, & Bafumi, 2004; Riker & Ordeshook, 1968), and thus individuals can reasonably expect to receive the same benefits from the outcome of an election if they do not vote. Yet, modern democracies normally witness a majority of citizens casting ballots. Why then do we witness such high rates of turnout? Among the most important explanations is that individuals feel a duty to vote (Blais, 2000; Blais & Young, 1999; Riker & Ordeshook, 1968). According to this explanation, some citizens feel morally compelled to vote and do so independently of the expected benefits of an election and despite the costs of voting. Duty is not the only explanator of political participation. In their review of work on political participation, Fowler and Dawes (2008) count 33 different factors thought to predict voter turnout, encompassing demographic, attitudinal or behavioral, social, and institutional factors (p. 589). These factors have measurably increased our knowledge; however, such environmental accounts still only explain a relatively modest portion of the variance in political participation. In the face of this, some scholars have begun to ask whether variation in political participation can be attributed to biological and genetic factors (Dawes & Fowler, 2009; Fowler, Baker, & Dawes, 2008; Fowler & Dawes, 2008). The goal of this article is to examine whether one of the most central explanators of the decision to vote—a sense that voting is a duty—is itself heritable. To do so, we employ a twin study design with 561 twin pairs in the United States. We find significant heritable variation in the belief that voting is a duty. These results comport with recent research that other predictors of turnout we previously assumed to be exclusively the product of the environment are also heritable.
Xylella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov.: Gram-negative, xylem-limited, fastidious plant bacteria related to Xanthomonas spp.

Twenty-five phenotypically and genotypically similar strains of a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium were isolated from 10 plant disease sources including Pierce's disease of grapevines, phony disease of peach, periwinkle wilt, and leaf scorches of almond, plum, elm, sycamore, oak, and mulberry. The cells were single (occasionally filamentous), nonmotile, aflagellate straight rods (0.25 to 0.35 by 0.9 to 3.5 μm). They were gram negative, catalase positive, and oxidase negative, utilized hippurate, and produced gelatinase and often beta-lactamase but not beta-galactosidase, coagulase, lipase, amylase, phosphatase, indole, or H2S. The bacteria were strict aerobes with optimum growth at 26 to 28°C and pH 6.5 to 6.9 and had doubling times of 0.45 to 1.98 days in periwinkle wilt broth. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the Pierce's disease bacterium reacted with all strains. DNA composition was 51 to 53 mol% guanine plus cytosine, and strains were at least 85% related in DNA hybridization. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid related them to the xanthomonads. These bacteria form a distinct group, and the name Xylella fastidiosa is proposed, establishing a new genus with one species in the gamma subgroup of the eubacteria. Strain PCE-RR (ATCC 35879) is designated as the type strain.
Climate change and disease risk in the Himalayas Climate change is likely to increase the burden of infectious diseases in the Himalayas; systematic preparation must start now

The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD, Kathmandu), with funding from the MacArthur Foundation, has recently performed a detailed analysis of the impacts of climate change on the Eastern Himalayas (Sharma et al. 2009). Their report focuses primarily on biodiversity and ecosystem services. As expected, the predictions are dire while the uncertainties remain large, given the paucity of serious attention to this region compared, for instance, to the Alps or even to the Andes. While the report notes the implications of climate change for human well-being, including health, infectious disease gets only passing mention (three paragraphs out of 25 pages). This is unfortunate because there is ample reason to expect that climate change in the Himalayas will lead to a significant increase in the regional infectious disease burden due, in particular, to vector-borne tropical diseases that have historically been absent from the Himalayas. The reasons are simple. First, climate change is likely to lead to a deterioration of water quality, partly because the increased initial meltdown and excess in water availability will be followed by a very significant reduction in supply. Resulting shortages of good quality water will increase the burden of diarrheal disease. Even cholera may emerge as a significant problem because of its known asso ciation with climate (Colwell 1996), and given its current incidence in some parts of the Indian Himalayas and Nepal. Second, there will also be a likely decrease in air quality, with a higher concentration of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and airborne-particles (the latter primarily in urban areas), and an increase in lower tropospheric and ground-level ozone levels, all leading to an increased frequency of cardio-respiratory disease. Third, and perhaps most important, systematic temperature increases (0.01–0.04oC per year, according to the ICIMOD scenarios) will allow tropical diseases to expand their range to higher elevations at which they did not occur before. These include a large spectrum of vector-borne (and, often, reservoir-dependent) diseases that have already begun to become problems in the region, including (visceral) leishmaniasis (locally known as kala-azar), dengue, and malaria. (The ICIMOD report also mentions schistosomiasis but it is unlikely that this disease will emerge as a major problem in the Himalayas given its very low frequency in neighboring regions.)
A Comparative Analysis of Two Streams of Implementation Research

Increased pressure for evidence-based practices in policymaking and administration has led to the growth of a new research stream of implementation science. Little is known about how this new stream of research compares with scholarship on policy implementation within public administration. This paper provides a comparative review of more than 1,500 journal articles on policy and program implementation published between 2004-2013. Using bibliometric analysis and a content analysis of abstracts, implementation articles within public affairs journals and in the emerging implementation science stream are analyzed in terms of their content, methods, and focus. Following a multi-level implementation framework, this analysis considers the level at which research is taking place within the different venues of implementation research. Through this systematic review, this paper provides new insights about the current state of research, opening up new avenues for scholars to substantively engage with and contribute to this important area of study.
Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance of 224 Strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Objective: To provide evidence for a rational and effective prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the clinical characteristics and the resistance to various antibiotics of were investigated.Methods：A retrospective analysis of 224 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various specimens from various clinical departments of our hospital (April 1, 2018 to June 31, 2019) were conducted. Identification and drug susceptibility test of isolated strains was performed using a fully automatic bacterial identification analyzer (MicroScan WalkAway-96 plus), and data analysis was performed using WH0NET5.6 software. Result：Among all the bacteria isolated in our hospital during the above period, Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 10.09% of them all and 12.57% of Gram-negative bacilli, respectively. These isolates were mainly derived from sputum specimens (68.75%), mainly from male patients (70.54%), and mostly 61-70 (27.23%) or 51-60 (22.77%) years old. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are mainly from Rehabilitation Ward, ICU, and Liver Transplantation Unit, accounted for 29.91%, 12.95% and 10.27% of all isolates, respectively. The sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antibacterial drugs, in the order of high to low were carbapenems, aztreonam, quinolones, cephalosporins, piperacillin/ tazobactam, aminoglycoside, with a lowest resistance rate (2.4%) to amikacin and a highest resistance rate to imipenem (33.0%). Conclusion：The isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was relatively stable during the study period, and among all the P. aeruginosa detected, most of them were from the respiratory secretions of elderly male patients. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to various antibiotics is mainly within 30%. Clinical units such as Rehabilitation Ward, ICU, and Liver Transplantation Unit have a high detection rate, therefore, these departments should be monitored in a focused manner. Our research provide a scientific basis for the rational use of antibiotics and a better control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
An In-depth Analysis of the Effect of Lexical Normalization on the Dependency Parsing of Social Media

Existing natural language processing systems have often been designed with standard texts in mind. However, when these tools are used on the substantially different texts from social media, their performance drops dramatically. One solution is to translate social media data to standard language before processing, this is also called normalization. It is well-known that this improves performance for many natural language processing tasks on social media data. However, little is known about which types of normalization replacements have the most effect. Furthermore, it is unknown what the weaknesses of existing lexical normalization systems are in an extrinsic setting. In this paper, we analyze the effect of manual as well as automatic lexical normalization for dependency parsing. After our analysis, we conclude that for most categories, automatic normalization scores close to manually annotated normalization and that small annotation differences are important to take into consideration when exploiting normalization in a pipeline setup.
Quantitative analysis of the root system of Avicennia alba based on the pipe model theory

Reliable estimation of the root biomass is essential to quantify the total amount and proportion of the carbon sink of a forest, especially for mangrove forests that exhibit various extensive root systems. One way to estimate root biomass is to use a quantitative root-system measurement based on the pipe model theory (PMT), which assumes that the total cross-sectional area of roots is identical among the different root-size classes for an individual plant. The PMT states that the cross-sectional area of the tree stem at the ground level supports a fixed total weight of roots. Therefore, estimation of the root weight of a tree is possible from measuring the stem diameter if that species conforms to the model. Using a water pump, the whole root system of three Avicennia alba trees, a pioneer species commonly dominating the mud flats and river edges of secondary mangrove forests in Thailand, were excavated. The living roots were sorted into diameter classes and their individual dry weights obtained. A significant inverse linear relationship was obtained between the root diameter and the number of roots of each sampled tree, with the regression slopes not statistically different from −2.0 (range −2.19 to −2.83 for the three trees) conforming to the PMT. The ratio between the total root weight and the basal area of the stem at the ground level ranged from 0.0340–0.0389, which is smaller and larger than that for Sonneratia caseolaris and Xylocarpus granatum, respectively, two other mangrove tree species previously reported to conform to the PMT.
Effects of male phermoneses on neuronal morphology in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of female Mice

Neurogenesis in the adult mammal brain occurs throughout life. Adult neurogenesis has been clearly demonstrated in the sub granular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. Pheromones that plays an essential role in the development of the central nervous system. The male pheromones are involved in regulating neurogenesis in both the olfactory bulb and hippocampus, which may be important for female reproductive success. The golgi silver impregnation method is a powerful method still routinely used for studying neuronal morphology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pheromones on the neuronal morphology in the mice hippocampus. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult NMRI mice 6-8 weeks were used in this study. Adult female animals were divided into four groups. These intact and bilaterally ovariectomized mice and males were placed with and without wire mesh in cage. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and brain was sectioned (50 μm) and stained with golgi method and observed by microscope. Results: Neuronal arborization in pheromones group has different with and without pheromones groups. The morphology features of the dentate gyrus neurons of the hippocampus were varied in the exposure to the pheromones as compared to other group. Conclusion: This study report that the pheromones of males stimulate neurogenesis and neuronal morphology in the hippocampus of female mice.
How a Reduction of Standard Working Hours Affects Employment Dynamics

SummaryDecember 1, 1996 a new law was implemented in Portugal to gradually reduce the standard workweek from 44 to 40 h. We study how this mandatory reduction affected employment through job creation and job destruction. There was considerable regional, sectoral and firm-size variation in the share of workers who were affected by the working hours reduction. We exploit this variation to assess the impact of the workweek reduction. We find evidence that the working hours reduction had a positive effect on employment through a fall in job destruction.
Sustaining local manufacturing: a longitudinal study of Swedish companies

This paper reports an investigation of local sustainable production in Sweden aimed at exploring the factors contributing to survival and competitiveness of manufacturing. Eight companies were studied on two occasions 30 years apart; in 1980 and 2010. To provide a valid longitudinal, perspective a common format for data collection was used. As a framework for data collection and analysis the DRAMA methodology was employed (Bennett and Forrester, 1990). There are a number of results reported in detail concerning long term competitiveness and sustainability of manufacturing companies.
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, resistensi antibiotik muncul sebagai masalah kesehatan global yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius. Jenis antibiotik baru yang ditemukan semakin jarang, namun jumlah antibiotik yang berkurang efektivitasnya meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Bakteri yang resisten terhad

1Center for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies (CIVAS), Bogor, 2Konsultan Profesional, 3Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian, 4Departemen Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 5Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan, Jakarta, 6Direktorat Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta, 7Departemen Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor *Korespondensi: rianaarief83@gmail.com
Superlithiation of non-conductive polyimide toward high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Superlithiation has been observed in some carbonyl-based organic electrodes, which leads to very high battery capacity. However, as typical carbonyl polymers, polyimides (PIs) exhibited a relatively low capacity (≤250 mA h g−1) in previous studies because their poor electrical conductivity restricts superlithiation. Therefore, to realize superlithiation, in this study, multilayer graphene (MG) as a conductive additive was incorporated in PI matrix through a blending precipitation and thermal imidization method. As an electrode in lithium-ion batteries, PI–MG exhibited outstanding capacity (612 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and stable long-term cyclability (89.3% capacity retention over 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1). Moreover, the battery could be operated stably at various temperatures, and it exhibited very high specific capacity, especially at the high operating temperature of 55 °C (873 mA h g−1, 0.1C). We believe that this strategy of introducing conductive additives to promote superlithiation is highly applicable to other non-conductive carbonyl polymers for lithium-ion battery applications.
Objectification theory and its relation to disordered eating: The role of feminist attitudes and internalization of cultural standards of beauty

Objectification Theory and Its Relation to Disordered Eating: The Role of Feminist Attitudes and Internalization of Cultural Standards of Beauty. (August 2009) Analesa N. Clarke, B.A., Pennsylvania State University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Marisol Perez The current study had three main objectives: to examine the relation between trait and state self-objectification and various eating pathology, including restricted eating; to examine the role of general and specific feminist attitudes on body dissatisfaction and trait disordered eating; and to merge two empirically supported models of eating disorders. Using a quasi-experimental research design with an elaborate cover story, one hundred and three women completed a variety of baseline measures and were assigned to one of two state self-objectifying conditions (swimsuit vs. sweater) where body image and body shame were measured at post. Additionally, following the manipulation, participants caloric intake during a snack break was measured. Results indicated that trait self objectification was associated with disordered eating symptomatology and analyses found an effect of condition on body shame, and that this effect was moderated by trait self-objectification. These results were not documented for caloric intake and body dissatisfaction, likely due to time of assessment of these variables. Also, results indicate that objectification theory and the dual pathways model merge well and that in the dual pathway, body shame may be a component of body
Contribution Maximization in Probabilistic Datalog

The use of probabilistic datalog programs has been recently advocated for applications that involve recursive computation and uncertainty. While using such programs allows for a flexible knowledge derivation, it makes the analysis of query results a challenging task. Particularly, given a set O of output tuples and a number k, one would like to understand which k-size subset of the input tuples have contributed the most to the derivation of O. This is useful for multiple tasks, such as identifying the critical sources of errors and understanding surprising results. Previous works have mainly focused on the quantification of tuples contribution to a query result in non-recursive SQL queries, very often disregarding probabilistic inference. To quantify the contribution in probabilistic datalog programs, one must account for the recursive relations between input and output data, and the uncertainty. To this end, we formalize the Contribution Maximization (CM) problem. We then reduce CM to the well-studied Influence Maximization (IM) problem, showing that we can harness techniques developed for IM to our setting. However, we show that such naïve adoption results in poor performance. To overcome this, we propose an optimized algorithm which injects a refined variant of the classic Magic Sets technique, integrated with a sampling method, into IM algorithms, achieving a significant saving of space and execution time. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, even where the naïve approach is infeasible.
Increased Slc 12 a 1 expression in b-cells and improved glucose disposal in Slc 12 a 2 heterozygous mice

The products of the Slc12a1 and Slc12a2 genes, commonly known as Na-dependent K2Cl co-transporters NKCC2 and NKCC1, respectively, are the targets for the diuretic bumetanide. NKCCs are implicated in the regulation of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl]i) in pancreatic b-cells, and as such, they may play a role in glucose-stimulated plasma membrane depolarization and insulin secretion. Unexpectedly, permanent elimination of NKCC1 does not preclude insulin secretion, an event potentially linked to the homeostatic regulation of additional Cl transporters expressed in b-cells. In this report we provide evidence for such a mechanism. Mice lacking a single allele of Slc12a2 exhibit lower fasting glycemia, increased acute insulin response (AIR) and lower blood glucose levels 15–30 min after a glucose load when compared to mice harboring both alleles of the gene. Furthermore, heterozygous expression or complete absence of Slc12a2 associates with increased NKCC2 protein expression in rodent pancreatic b-cells. This has been confirmed by using chronic pharmacological down-regulation of NKCC1 with bumetanide in the mouse MIN6 b-cell line or permanent molecular silencing of NKCC1 in COS7 cells, which results in increased NKCC2 expression. Furthermore, MIN6 cells chronically pretreated with bumetanide exhibit increased initial rates of Cl uptake while preserving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, our results suggest that NKCCs are involved in insulin secretion and that a single Slc12a2 allele may protect b-cells from failure due to increased homeostatic expression of Slc12a1. Key Words
8 GHz High-Power RF Amplifier

OWER amplifiers (PAs) are high-frequency amplifiers that are designed to output especially high amounts of power, typically on the order of 1 Watt or higher. A PA is generally used as the stage preceding the antenna in a wireless transmitter. PAs boost the strength of the signal to be transmitted so the antenna can broadcast the signal over a larger range. Two prime considerations in PA design are output power and linearity. A high output power predictably increases the transmit power of a circuit. A highly linear PA can output strong signals without distorting them in either the time or frequency domain. PAs do not necessarily require high gain. The primary goal of a PA is to output high power signals, not to amplify weak signals. According to Steve Cripps, “PAs are amplifiers whose outputs either directly or indirectly make an impact on the human sensory system” [1]. Because PAs deal with such large RF signals, they consume a large amount of DC power, which generates a significant amount of heat. An important consideration in PA design is thermal management. Reducing the amount of DC power consumed by the PA means less heat is generated. Therefore, maximizing the efficiency of a PA is a key design objective. PAs are large-signal circuits, which makes them difficult to model accurately and design.