Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parieto-occipital arteriovenous malformation.

BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the occipital lobe has been known to cause visual symptoms and headaches. Arteriovenous malformation is a congenital anomaly that consists of abnormal arteries and veins without the presence of a capillary bed. The majority of patients initially manifest intracranial hemorrhage, while others manifest symptoms of seizures, headaches, and progressive neurological deficits. CASE REPORTS A 45-year-old man was referred for a baseline threshold visual field before neurosurgery for his arteriovenous malformation. The patient's medical history included seizures with visual aura. The seizures were originally attributed to alcohol withdrawal; later, he was diagnosed with a right parietooccipital AVM. Optometric examination revealed an incomplete left inferior homonymous quadranopsia. He subsequently had the embolization and resection procedures for his AVM. Seizures and visual aura symptoms terminated after AVM surgery; the visual field defect increased slightly in extent. Two additional cases are presented to highlight some common characteristics-as well as the variability-in cerebral AVMs. The second case involves a 47-year-old man with a history of left frontal lobe AVM resection 7 years earlier and headaches. The third case is that of a 60-year-old man with a large left parietal lobe AVM with seizures who is anticipating neurosurgery. CONCLUSION Clinical differentiation of migraine from arteriovenous malformation is often regarded as difficult, since both conditions may manifest similar features of visual aura, with or without headaches. Early diagnosis and treatment of AVM may reduce the risk of serious complications. When a patient manifests alarming headaches with or without visual aura, neuro-imaging workup is warranted to rule out sinister causes.
Herpes simplex virus 2 infection in women attending an antenatal clinic in Fuzhou, China

Genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in developed and developing countries. The monitoring of HSV-2 seroprevalence in pregnant women can identify women at a higher risk of HIV and of neonatal HSV transmission. Very few data are available on type specific seroprevalence of HSV-2 in China, with only one previous study from southern China. Consequently, we conducted a survey to determine type specific seroprevalence of HSV-2 and associated risk factors in Fuzhou City, eastern China.
Antibody responses in serum and nasal secretions according to age of recipient and method of administration of A2-Hong Kong-68 inactivated influenza virus vaccine.

Neutralizing antibody responses in serum and nasal secretions following vaccination with A2/Hong Kong/68 inactivated influenza virus vaccine were compared according to age and route of administration. Among all of the age groups receiving one dose of vaccine subcutaneously or intranasally, children developed the greatest frequency of antibody response and increase in mean antibody titer in both serum and nasal secretions. In adults, vaccination by either route induced less serum antibody and was ineffective in inducing nasal antibody. Neutralizing activity of nasal wash specimens was removed by absorption with antiserum directed against secretory piece. Vaccination also resulted in rises in antibody titer in serum and nasal secretions to A/Equi-2 virus, a type known to be antigenically related to A2/Hong Kong/68 influenza virus.
Accidental intrathecal administration of bleomycin: favorable outcome after pneumo-encephalus and cerebrospinal fluid exchange: a case report

Bleomycin is generally used as an antineoplastic drug for the intravenous treatment of germ cell tumors or lymphomas. Due to its toxic effect on epithelial cells bleomycin is also used for the treatment of malignant pleural or pericardial effusions. Inadvertent intrathecal administration of cytotoxic drugs may occur due to increasingly complex therapeutic protocols, even when control mechanisms are applied. We report the case of a 39-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia. During the treatment of a lymphoblast crisis 30 mg of bleomycin were inadvertently injected intrathecally. Prompt cerebrospinal fluid exchange, dilution with normal saline, and corticosteroid treatment resulted in a positive outcome without major side effects.
Density-functional theory for time-dependent systems.

The time-dependent density-functional theory of Runge and Gross [Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 997 (1984)] is reexamined on the basis of its limitations, and the criticisms raised by Xu and Rajagopal [Phys. Rev. A 31, 2682 (1985)] are addressed, within the imposition of natural boundary conditions of vanishing density and potential at infinity. Also, for a single-particle system characterized by an arbitrary time-dependent potential, the uniqueness of the density-to-potential mapping is established explicitly for both bound and scattering states.
A risk-based sensor management using random finite sets and POMDP

In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling an agile sensor to perform an optimal control action in the case of the multi-target tracking scenario. Our purpose is to present a random finite set (RFS) approach to the multi-target sensor management problem formulated in the Partially Observed Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework. The reward function associated with each sensor control (action) is computed via the Expected Risk Reduction between the multi-target predicted and updated densities. The proposed algorithm is implemented via the Probability Hypothesis Density filter (PHD). Numerical studies demonstrate the performance of this particular approach to a radar beam-pointing problem where targets need to be prioritized.
Differential Regulation of Human and Mouse Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner Promoter by Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1*

Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an unusual orphan nuclear receptor that lacks a conventional DNA-binding domain and acts as a modulator of transcriptional activities of a number of nuclear receptors. Herein, we report that the human SHP promoter (hSHP) is activated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), which regulates the expression of various genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Overexpression of SREBP-1 activated the human but not mouse SHP promoter, although SREBP-2 had little effect on the SHP promoter in CV-1 cells. Serial deletion reporter assays revealed that SREBP-1-responsive region is located within the sequences from –243 to –120 bp in the hSHP promoter. DNase I footprinting, gel shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that SREBP-1 binds directly to the hSHP promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis made it clear that the hSHP promoter activation by SREBP-1 is mostly mediated by the SRE1 (–186 to –195 bp) in the hSHP promoter, which is not conserved in the mouse SHP promoter. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of SREBP-1c/ADD-1 induced SHP mRNA expression and repressed CYP7A1 expression in HepG2 cells. Finally, we found that a four-nucleotide deletion (–195CT-GAdel) in the hSHP promoter, which is reported to be associated with altered body weight and insulin secretion in human, coincides with the SRE1. This mutation strongly decreased both basal and SREBP-1 dependent activities of the hSHP promoter, because of the reduced binding of SREBP-1 to the mutated SRE1. Overall, our results demonstrate a differential regulation of human and mouse SHP promoters by SREBP-1. We propose a possible role of SREBP-1 in the species differential regulation of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis via a novel mechanism of up-regulation of the hSHP gene expression.
Framework for handling personal data: analysis of buying information by questionnaire

With the development of the latest telecommunication technologies and their pervading applications, the harvesting of personal information that we call 'big data' has recently exploded and is being dispersed throughout society. While companies make use of these data for marketing purposes and governments also discuss their application to social systems, individuals not only find them difficult to access, but also do not have any means of benefiting from their own data, even though they generate the data themselves. In this paper, we propose a framework that enables individuals to use their personal data and to receive a proper reward from companies that have access to it. In particular, we focus on buying information ands how the results of a questionnaire survey on handling buying information that was conducted to investigate the resistance that users feel to allowing companies to use the data to obtain more rewards within this framework.
Perspectives on the Performance of Supply Chain Systems: the Effects of Attitude and Assimilation

The introduction of information systems into industry to enhance operational efficiency is a common business strategy. Introducing such information systems should be expected to enhance employee satisfaction if the systems work as expected. Based on previous studies of supply chain management (SCM) and using institution theory, and technology use and acceptance models, this study applies the lens of attitude and assimilation to explore employee behavior toward using SCM systems after implementation, as well as how employees' attitude and assimilation impact on the performance of the supply chain. Collecting data from employees in the relevant departments from selected companies through a survey and applying SEM in the analysis, the study finds that the employee's perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and the subjective norm (Theory of Reasoned Action) have a positive impact on their attitudes toward their use of the SCM systems. Furthermore, it was found that top management's positive beliefs and participation also have a positive impact on assimilation and SCM performance. Finally, it was found that attitudes toward the use of SCM systems impact upon information performance but not in other outcomes of SCM operations. Implications for research and practice are raised. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by adding to our understanding of the relationships among users' attitude, assimilation, and business performance at the post-adoption stage within the context of SCM systems.
BSHI Guideline: HLA matching and donor selection for haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation

A review of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (BSHI) “Guideline for selection and HLA matching of related, adult unrelated donors and umbilical cord units for haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation” was undertaken by a BSHI appointed writing committee. Literature searches were performed, and the data extracted were presented as recommendations according to the GRADE nomenclature.
Toward Designing Provably Secure Cryptographic Protocols for RFID Tags

It is well known that RFID is subject to various security threats, most notably tag cloning and tracking. To cope with these security threats, we need to implement cryptographic protocols on RFID tags. However, designing a cryptographic protocol is a difficult process. It is even more difficult when the design is restricted by the limited computational power of the targeted devices. Meanwhile, RFID tag is perhaps the device with least computational power due to a very tight price constraint of a RFID tag. Therefore, designing a secure yet lightweight cryptographic protocol for RFID tags is both challenging and tempting. There are two approaches in designing cryptographic protocols for low cost and low computational power devices: finding more efficient implementation of existing protocols and designing new lightweight protocols from ground-up. This paper deals with the latter. Underlying foundation for security of a cryptographic protocol is based on hard computational problem. Intuitively speaking, a cryptographic protocol is said to be secure if breaking security is computationally equal to solving a hard problem. Popular hard problems for existing cryptographic protocols include integer factoring (IP), discrete logarithm (DLP) and Diffie-Hellman problem (DHP). In this whitepaper, we discuss the advantages of designing cryptographic protocols for RFID tags based on unconventional hard problems rather than IP, DLP or DHP. We show an example by presenting several lightweight cryptographic protocols based on a hard learning problem called Learning Parity with Noise problem (LNP).
Genome‐wide association studies identify new interesting loci for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease

Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer’s disease Harold et al. (2009) Nature Genetics 41:1088–1093 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting more than 26 million people worldwide and is one of the major healthcare challenges of this century. AD, first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, is an incurable, neurodegenerative, and terminal disease, which is generally diagnosed in people over the age of 65, although familial AD may occur much earlier (1). AD begins with deficits in short-term memory and culminates in total loss of cognition and executive functions. It is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of extracellular plaques enriched in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing the hyperphosphorylated tau protein (2). However, the mechanism by which these deposits lead to neurodegeneration is not adequately understood. So far, only three genes have been described to be involved in AD including amyloid precursor protein (APP), and presenilins 1 and 2 (PSEN1, PSEN2 ) (2). However, mutations in these genes only account for less than 1% of all patients with AD, whereas the more common sporadic form of the disease has a more complex genetic background. Previous twin studies suggest that heritability of late-onset AD is about 70%, however, until now, APOE has been the only gene identified as a risk factor for late-onset AD (2). Recently, Lambert et al. and Harold et al. have completed two independent two-stage genomewide association studies (GWAS) that together identify three new genetic loci associated with lateonset AD. In the initial discovery screen, Lambert et al. included 2032 AD patients and 5328 controls from the French Three-City (3C) prospective population-based cohort, while Harold et al.
Cone beam CT scans with and without artefact reduction in root fracture detection of endodontically treated teeth.

OBJECTIVES Cone beam CT (CBCT) is used widely to depict root fracture (RF) in endodontically treated teeth. Beam hardening and other artefacts due to gutta-percha may increase the time of the diagnosis and result in an incorrect diagnosis. Two CBCT machines, ProMax(®) (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) and Master 3D(®) (Vatech, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea), have the option of applying an artefact reduction (AR) algorithm. The aim of this study was to determine whether using an AR algorithm in two CBCT machines enhances the accuracy of detecting RFs in endodontically treated teeth. METHODS 66 roots were collected and decoronated. All roots were treated endodontically using the same technique with gutta-percha and zinc oxide cement. One-half of the roots were randomly selected and fractured using a nail that was tapped gently with a hammer until complete fracture resulted in two root fragments; the two root fragments were glued together with one layer of methyl methacrylate. The roots were placed randomly in eight prepared beef rib fragments. RESULTS The highest accuracy was obtained when the ProMax was used without AR. The lowest accuracy was obtained with the Master 3D when used with AR. For both machines, accuracy was significantly higher without AR than with AR. Both with and without AR, the ProMax machine was significantly more accurate than the Master 3D machine. The same rank ordering was obtained for both sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS For both machines, AR decreased the accuracy of RF detection in endodontically treated teeth. The highest accuracy was obtained when using the ProMax without AR.
Detection and Characterization of T Cells Specific for BDC2.5 T Cell-Stimulating Peptides1

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice expressing the BDC2.5 TCR transgene are useful for studying type 1 diabetes. Several peptides have been identified that are highly active in stimulating BDC2.5 T cells. Herein, we describe the use of I-Ag7 tetramers containing two such peptides, p79 and p17, to detect and characterize peptide-specific T cells. The tetramers could stain CD4+ T cells in the islets and spleens of BDC2.5 transgenic mice. The percentage of CD4+, tetramer+ T cells increased in older mice, and it was generally higher in the islets than in the spleens. Our results also showed that tetAg7/p79 could stain a small population of CD4+ T cells in both islets and spleens of NOD mice. The percentage of CD4+, tetramer+ T cells increased in cells that underwent further cell division after being activated by peptides. The avidity of TCRs on purified tetAg7/p79+ T cells for tetAg7/p79 was slightly lower than that of BDC2.5 T cells. Although tetAg7/p79+ T cells, like BDC2.5 T cells, secreted a large quantity of IFN-γ, they were biased toward being IL-10-producing cells. Additionally, <3% of these cells expressed TCR Vβ4. In vivo adoptive transfer experiments showed that NOD/scid recipient mice cotransferred with tetAg7/p79+ T cells and NOD spleen cells, like mice transferred with NOD spleen cells only, developed diabetes. Therefore, we have generated Ag-specific tetramers that could detect a heterogeneous population of T cells, and a very small number of NOD mouse T cells may represent BDC2.5-like cells.
Changes in liver copper concentration of thoroughbred foals from birth to 160 days of age and the effect of prenatal copper supplementation of their dams.

OBJECTIVES To monitor the change in liver copper concentration of Thoroughbred foals from birth to 160 days of age and to determine the effects of supplementation by two injections of copper edetate given to dams in late gestation on the liver copper concentration of their foals at birth. PROCEDURE Ten mares pregnant to the same stallion were randomised into two groups on the basis of age, liver copper concentration and expected foaling date. The treatment group mares were given 100 mg and 250 mg copper edetate intramuscularly during the ninth and tenth months of gestation respectively. Foals had liver biopsies taken weekly in the first month of life, then monthly for four months. Foals were euthanased at 160 days of age; liver samples were taken and the copper concentrations were determined. RESULTS Two distinct patterns of age dependent decline in liver copper concentration were evident. The mean (+/- SD) liver copper concentration of the foals was high at birth (374 +/- 130 mg/kg DM), and for seven it declined to adult values by 160 days of age (21 +/- 6 mg/kg DM). In three foals the decline was at a slower rate than in the other seven and at 160 days of age the mean concentration was 162 +/- 32 mg/kg DM. Repeated measures analysis showed significant differences between each biopsy (P < 0.01) and between 'normal' and 'accumulator' foals (P < 0.002). Copper injections given to mares in late pregnancy had no effect on the liver copper concentration of foals at birth. CONCLUSIONS The significance of the two patterns of age dependant decline in liver copper concentration is unknown. Parenteral copper supplementation of the dam in late gestation had no effect on the liver copper concentration of the foal at birth.
A Pipelined Architecture for V-BLAST OFDM Detection

V-BLAST can be combined with OFDM to achieve high data rate transmission in frequency selective fading channels. Due to the high data rates nature in V-BLAST OFDM systems, a dedicated silicon solution for V-BLAST detection will be cost effective. In this paper a pipelined architecture for V-BLAST OFDM detector is presented. It is designed for a 3times3 MIMO wireless LAN system with 48 data subcarriers/20 MHz radio bandwidth and a maximum throughput of 162 Mbps
Characterization of human interleukin 2 receptor (Tac antigen) in normal and leukemic T cells: co-expression of normal and aberrant receptors on Hut-102 cells.

Human interleukin 2 receptors ( IL2R ) from various cell sources such as mitogen-activated normal human T cells, adult T cell leukemia (ATL)-derived cell line cells (MT-1, ATL-6, Hut-102), and a natural killer-like cell line YT cells, were studied both by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with a monoclonal anti- IL2R antibody (anti-Tac). In synthetic labeling with [35S]methionine, anti-Tac specifically precipitated two glycoproteins, one with m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 and pI 4.2 to 4.7, and the other with m.w. about 40,000 and pI 6.2 to 6.5. A study of surface iodination revealed that the former component was membrane-associated mature IL2R , and a pulse-chase study showed that the latter component was a precursor for IL2R that already possessed tunicamycin-sensitive N-linked sugar side chain(s). This precursor was found to be posttranslationally processed into mature IL2R by further glycosylation within 240 min. Among the cells studied, a human T cell leukemia virus-positive leukemic cell line, Hut-102, was distinctive in that it possessed an additional membrane glycoprotein (m.w. 55,000 to 60,000, pI 4.2 to 5.0) also defined by anti-Tac. This unique glycoprotein of Hut-102 cells appeared to be an aberrant IL2R .
Protecting forests, biodiversity, and the climate: predicting policy impact to improve policy choice

Policies must balance forest conservation’s local costs with its benefits—local to global—in terms of biodiversity, the mitigation of climate change, and other eco-services such as water quality. The trade-offs with development vary across forest locations. We argue that considering location in three ways helps to predict policy impact and improve policy choice: (i) policy impacts vary by location because baseline deforestation varies with characteristics (market distances, slopes, soils, etc.) of locations in a landscape; (ii) different mixes of political-economic pressures drive the location of different policies; and (iii) policies can trigger ‘second-order’ or ‘spillover’ effects likely to differ by location. We provide empirical evidence that suggests the importance of all three considerations, by reviewing high-quality evaluations of the impact of conservation and development on forest. Impacts of well-enforced conservation rise with private clearing pressure, supporting (i). Protection types (e.g. federal/state) differ in locations and thus in impacts, supporting (ii). Differences in development process explain different signs for spillovers, supporting (iii). Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
Relative contributions of testosterone deficiency and metabolism syndrome at the risk of reduced quality of life: A cross‐sectional study among Chinese mid‐aged and elderly men

Testosterone deficiency and metabolism syndrome (MetS) are universal among ageing males, and they have been suggested responsible for poorer quality of life (QoL). We aimed to evaluate the relative contributions of reproductive hormones and components of MetS at the risk of reduced QoL among Chinese mid‐aged and elderly men. A cross‐sectional study recruited 2,364 males aged 40–79 years, and 2,165 was included for analysis eventually. The Chinese version of ageing male symptoms scale, 36‐item Short Form and Beck Depression Inventory were applied to assess QoL. Bivariate correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relative contributions of reproductive hormones and components of MetS at the risk of reduced QoL. Testosterone deficiency and MetS contributed to poorer QoL, of which higher fasting blood glucose made the primary contribution, lower total testosterone mainly contributed to poorer physical functioning.