Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consequences of workplace bullying with respect to the well-being of its targets and the observers of bullying.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of workplace bullying and the psychological work environment on the well-being and subjective stress of the targets and observers of bullying. METHODS In a questionnaire study, stress and psychological ill-health were measured, and the causes of reported stress were analyzed for municipal employees (N=949, 85% women, 15% men, mean age 41 years for the men and 40 years for the women). RESULTS Both the targets of bullying and the observers reported more general stress and mental stress reactions than did respondents from the workplaces with no bullying. The targets also expressed feelings of low self-confidence more often than did those who had not been subjected to bullying. Being bullied, but also features of one's work, especially haste, excessively difficult tasks and poor goal clarity, predicted the stress reactions reported. Of the single forms of bullying, judging a person's work unjustly or in an offending manner, restricting a person's possibilities to express his or her opinions, and assaulting one's private life were the most clearly connected with all the stress reactions measured. Victim history was associated with feelings of low self-confidence. The targets of bullying used sleep-inducing drugs and sedatives more often than did the respondents who were not bullied. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that not only the targets of bullying, but also bystanders, suffer when someone is bullied in the workplace. Bullying must therefore be regarded as a problem for the entire work unit and not merely as a problem of the target.
Study of Pesticide (Dichlorvos) Removal from Aqueous Medium By Arachis Hypogaea (Groundnut) Shell Using GC/MS

KOH, H3PO4 and ZnCl2 catalyzed Groundnut shells, subjected to a one and two steps activation methods were employed to study pesticide (Dichlorvos) uptake. The study examined activation method, nature of activating agents and concentration of the pesticide, as factors affecting removal of the pesticide. Quantitation, using GC/MS gave a percentage removal of over 98% by all the sorbent in the series. The percentage removal for the one step method follows the trend 1S/KOH/10 (100%) > 1S/H3PO4/10 (99.780%) > 1S/ZnCl2/10 (99.240%). Physicochemical data and close proximity of equilibrium results (qe) to those of similar biowaste as reviewed in literatures are indication that Groundnut Shell based sorbent in this study could compete favorably well for pesticide(dichlorvos) uptake.
Strategic Technology Investments in Open Economies

We study a general equilibrium model of international trade with heterogeneous firms, where countries can strategically invest in technology. The countries' motive is to improve firms' productivity, leading to a competitive advantage in international trade. We are interested in how trade liberalization affects this governmental incentive to invest in technology. In the closed economy countries invest if consumers have a sufficiently high preference for varieties. In the open economy we analyze the Nash-equilibrium policy and the cooperative policy. If there are no cross-country investment spillovers, countries strategically compete in their investment levels and increase their investments with higher trade openness. From a social perspective we have an overinvestment problem. If there are cross-country investment spillovers, we differentiate between weak and strong spillovers. In both cases the cooperative solution predicts a positive relationship between investments and trade openness. If there are weak (strong) spillovers, we find a positive (hump-shaped) relationship between technology investments and trade openness in the Nash-equilibrium. From a social perspective we obtain an over (under)-investment problem if spillovers are weak (strong).
The Holstein Friesian Lethal Haplotype 5 (HH5) Results from a Complete Deletion of TBF1M and Cholesterol Deficiency (CDH) from an ERV-(LTR) Insertion into the Coding Region of APOB

Background With the availability of massive SNP data for several economically important cattle breeds, haplotype tests have been performed to identify unknown recessive disorders. A number of so-called lethal haplotypes, have been uncovered in Holstein Friesian cattle and, for at least seven of these, the causative mutations have been identified in candidate genes. However, several lethal haplotypes still remain elusive. Here we report the molecular genetic causes of lethal haplotype 5 (HH5) and cholesterol deficiency (CDH). A targeted enrichment for the known genomic regions, followed by massive parallel sequencing was used to interrogate for causative mutations in a case/control approach. Methods Targeted enrichment for the known genomic regions, followed by massive parallel sequencing was used in a case/control approach. PCRs for the causing mutations were developed and compared to routine imputing in 2,100 (HH5) and 3,100 (CDH) cattle. Results HH5 is caused by a deletion of 138kbp, spanning position 93,233kb to 93,371kb on chromosome 9 (BTA9), harboring only dimethyl-adenosine transferase 1 (TFB1M). The deletion breakpoints are flanked by bovine long interspersed nuclear elements Bov-B (upstream) and L1ME3 (downstream), suggesting a homologous recombination/deletion event. TFB1M di-methylates adenine residues in the hairpin loop at the 3’-end of mitochondrial 12S rRNA, being essential for synthesis and function of the small ribosomal subunit of mitochondria. Homozygous TFB1M-/- mice reportedly exhibit embryonal lethality with developmental defects. A 2.8% allelic frequency was determined for the German HF population. CDH results from a 1.3kbp insertion of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV2-1-LTR_BT) into exon 5 of the APOB gene at BTA11:77,959kb. The insertion is flanked by 6bp target site duplications as described for insertions mediated by retroviral integrases. A premature stop codon in the open reading frame of APOB is generated, resulting in a truncation of the protein to a length of only <140 amino acids. Such early truncations have been shown to cause an inability of chylomicron excretion from intestinal cells, resulting in malabsorption of cholesterol. The allelic frequency of this mutation in the German HF population was 6.7%, which is substantially higher than reported so far. Compared to PCR assays inferring the genetic variants directly, the routine imputing used so far showed a diagnostic sensitivity of as low as 91% (HH5) and 88% (CDH), with a high specificity for both (≥99.7%). Conclusion With the availability of direct genetic tests it will now be possible to more effectively reduce the carrier frequency and ultimately eliminate the disorders from the HF populations. Beside this, the fact that repetitive genomic elements (RE) are involved in both diseases, underline the evolutionary importance of RE, which can be detrimental as here, but also advantageous over generations.
Estimation of Sparse Massive MIMO-OFDM Channels With Approximately Common Support

In this letter, we reveal that in the massive multiple-input multiple-output system with large bandwidth, sub-channels of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing share approximately sparse common support due to the frequency difference of subcarriers. We use the approximate message passing with nearest neighbor sparsity pattern learning (AMP-NNSPL) algorithm to adaptively learn the underlying structure for improving the accuracy of channel estimation, where the learning strategy is newly derived by solving an optimization problem. In addition, the performance of the AMP-NNSPL is well predicted by the state evolution. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the algorithm in systems with large bandwidth.
Zero mass loading sensitivity of the S0 Lamb wave resonance in thin film plate acoustic resonators (FPARs)

Synchronously designed FPARs are typically operating at the upper edge of the frequency stopband due to the negative reflection coefficient of the lowest order symmetric Lamb wave (S0) in periodical strip gratings. In this study the possibility to achieve 0-sensitivity of the upper stopband edge with respect to electrode thickness tolerances is discussed for AlN based FPARs employing Al strip reflectors. 0-sensitive topologies are identified through FEM COMSOL experiments
A Comparative Investigation of Type-2 Fuzzy Sets, Nonstationary Fuzzy Sets and Cloud Models

Since Zadeh introduced fuzzy sets, a lot of extensions of this concept have been proposed, such as type-2 fuzzy sets, nonstationary fuzzy sets, and cloud models, to represent higher levels of uncertainty. This paper provides a comparative investigation of type-2 fuzzy sets, nonstationary fuzzy sets, and cloud models. Type-2 fuzzy sets study the fuzziness of the membership function (MF) using primary MF and secondary MF based on analytic mathematical methods; nonstationary fuzzy sets study the randomness of the MF using primary MF and variation function based on type-1 fuzzy sets theory; cloud models study the randomness of the distribution of samples in the universe and generate random membership grades (MGs) using two random variables based on probability and statistic mathematical methods. They all concentrate on dealing with the uncertainty of the MF or the MG which type-1 fuzzy sets do not consider, and thus have many similarities. Moreover, we find out that, the same qualitative concept “moderate amount” can be represented by an interval type-2 fuzzy set, a nonstationary fuzzy set or a normal cloud model, respectively. Then, we propose a unified mathematical expression for the interval type-2 fuzzy set, nonstationary fuzzy set and normal cloud model. On the other hand, we also find out that, the theory fundament and underlying motivations of these models are quite different. Therefore, We summarize detailed comparisons of distinctive properties of type-2 fuzzy sets, nonstationary fuzzy sets, and cloud models. Further, we study their diverse characteristics of distributions of MGs across vertical slices. The comparative investigation shows that these models are complementary to describe the uncertainty from different points of view. Thus, this paper provides a fundamental contribution and makes a basic reference for knowledge representation and other applications with uncertainty.
Factors associated with hepatitis B virus DNA breakthrough in patients receiving prolonged lamivudine therapy

Factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA breakthrough and the significance of YMDD variants without the presence of wild‐type YMDD during prolonged lamivudine treatment are unknown. We studied the amino acid sequence of codon 552 (YMDD motif) and codon 528 by means of a line probe assay in 159 chronic HBV patients (median follow‐up 29.6 months). Pretreatment HBV DNA levels and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels correlated inversely with the time to HBV DNA breakthrough with YMDD variants (r = −0.46, P = .001; r = −0.45, P = .001 respectively). Patients harboring YMDD variants 3 months before HBV DNA breakthroughs had higher HBV DNA breakthrough levels compared with those without YMDD variants 3 months before HBV DNA breakthroughs (18.9 × 106 vs. 5.4 × 106 copies/mL, P = .007). Patients with HBV DNA breakthroughs had higher percentages of YMDD variants without the presence of wild‐type YMDD compared with patients without HBV DNA breakthrough (25.6% vs. 9%, P = .007 for single M552I variant; 20.9% vs. 8.1%, P = .026 for single M552V variant; 30.2% vs. 9.9%, P = .004 for M552I/M552V variants). Patients with HBV DNA levels of more than 103 copies/mL after 6 months of lamivudine therapy had a 63.2% chance of subsequently developing YMDD variants. HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 2 patients after the emergence of YMDD variants. Only one patient developed YMDD variant after HBeAg seroconversion. There was no increase in the rate of development of YMDD variants or L528M mutation in patients receiving lamivudine 25 mg daily or famciclovir 500 mg 3 times a day before being given lamivudine 100 mg daily.
Reaching Out to Boys at Bars: Utilizing Community Partnerships to Employ a Wellness Strategy for Syphilis Control Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City

Objective: To explore the impact of a holistic approach for syphilis control to improve the sexual health and well-being of men who have sex with men (MSM). Goal: The New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) developed Hot Shot! to address a variety of general MSM health issues, including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency virus. Results: Between November 2003 and June 2004, 9 Hot Shot! events were held throughout NYC. Services delivered at events included STD/HIV screening; relevant adult vaccinations, cardiovascular health screenings; and mental health, tobacco, and other drug use assistance. Of 1634 attendees, 445 persons accessed ≥1 service; 4 persons were newly diagnosed with syphilis and 7 with HIV. Conclusions: The Hot Shot! approach to syphilis control can facilitate STD education, screening, and treatment of MSM while addressing comprehensive health issues. Future integrated health service delivery programs may be more successful by using stable venues for events to ensure continuity of care for MSM.
Maternal diet during lactation and allergic sensitization in the offspring at age of 5

To cite this article: Nwaru BI, Erkkola M, Ahonen S, Kaila M, Lumia M, Prasad M, Haapala A‐Maija, Kronberg‐Kippilä C, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Maternal diet during lactation and allergic sensitization in the offspring at age 5 years. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 334–341.
Housing Policy for Tomorrow's Cities

Foreword It is now widely acknowledged that Canada's cities need help if they are to reach their economic potential and offer a high quality of life to their citizens. Indeed, there is growing evidence that social and economic conditions have deteriorated for many urban citizens, the most vulnerable being single-parent families, Aboriginal people, recent immigrants, visible minorities, elderly women, and the disabled. Major questions remain as to what kind of help the cities need and from whom. And here much attention has turned to the federal government, even though the constitution says that municipalities are the " creatures " of the provinces, and most provinces guard this role jealously. To help clarify the potential roles for Ottawa, CPRN commissioned four papers. The first four focus on urban poverty, immigration, Aboriginal people, and housing. A fifth provides an overview of the ideas in the first four papers, and includes the reflections of a diverse group of Canadians from many sectors who participated in a Roundtable. Each of the papers provides a summary of the state of knowledge in their area and then sets out possible actions for the federal government. All four papers point to the challenges of governance of our cities. And, despite the constitutional division of powers, there is no question that the federal government is one of the key actors in Canada's cities by virtue of the fact that so many people live in cities and so much economic activity takes place there. The government is an actor as an employer, as a regulator, as a source of transfer payments to individuals, and as a taxing authority which sets many of the incentives with respect to social and economic behaviour. However, the federal government is only one of many actors. None of the policy actors – federal, provincial, municipal, corporate or voluntary – is in a position to function effectively on its own. The actions of all the actors are part of a densely woven fabric of governance which shapes the economic and social sustainability of cities. This paper, by David Hulchanski, explores the federal role in promoting access to affordable housing in Canada's major urban centres as well as the policy implications. I would like to thank the author for his excellent survey of the literature, his thoughtful proposals and his active participation in the Roundtable, as well as Leslie Seidle, who ably conceived, organized, and edited …
Prescribing practices for the treatment of hepatitis C in a Veterans Affairs medical center.

T he combination of interferons and ribavirin is the cornerstone of treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. 1,2 Close monitoring is necessary for patients on therapy for HCV since 10–15% of patients will discontinue therapy because of adverse effects such as neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and suicidal ideation. 1-3 Recommendations for HCV treatment were developed at the National Institutes of Health in 1997, 4 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published recommendations for the identification , counseling, testing, and referral of persons at risk for HCV infection in 1998. 5 These recommendations were updated when FDA approved the combination of interferon plus ribavirin to treat HCV infection. and peginterferon alfa-2a are now approved by FDA as treatment options against HCV. Treatment guidelines for the duration of the therapy, the monitoring of the potential adverse effects, and the subsequent necessary dosage adjustments were developed The opinions expressed are those of the authors and may not represent those of the Department of Veterans Affairs. by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 12 and specific clinics for the treatment of hepatitis C have been set up in several VA medical centers throughout the United States. The costs of treating HCV infection with interferon-based regimens are substantial. The total cost of in-terferon and ribavirin therapy to the VA in fiscal year 2001 was approximately $19 million. Since the approval of peginterferon alfa-2b and peginterferon alfa-2a, and the un-bundling of ribavirin from interfer-on, the costs of therapy increased to approximately $60 million in fiscal year 2003. It was not known at our facility whether the treatment guidelines for the duration of therapy, monitoring of adverse events, laboratory test values, and subsequent dosage reductions were appropriately followed. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the monitoring and duration of therapy of patients with HCV infection and to determine the costs of treatment outside the recommended guidelines. Methods. All patients evaluated in this retrospective study were veterans of the U.S. military and were enrolled in the HCV clinic. Patients who had received treatment for HCV with a combination of interferon and ribavi-rin (Rebetron, Schering, Kenilworth, NJ) from 1998 to 2001 were identified in the computerized database. Once these patients were identified, the laboratory, clinic, and hospitalization data were extracted from the database. The data collected included the patients' age and weight at initiation of therapy, duration of therapy, viral genotype and load, and …
Skin‐specific expression of ictacalcin, a homolog of the S100 genes, during zebrafish embryogenesis

Full‐length cDNA coding for the ictacalcin gene, a homolog of the S100 genes, was isolated in zebrafish and mapped on linkage group 16 using the LN54 radiation hybrid panel. The homology and phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, showed the orthologous relationship of ictacalcin genes between zebrafish and other fish species. However, ictacalcin genes constitute an out‐group with respect to other members of the S100 gene family. This result supports the findings that fish ictacalcin genes are new members of the S100 gene family and may have evolved after the divergence of teleosts and tetrapods. The zebrafish ictacalcin gene was zygotically transcribed from 12 hours postfertilization onward and was stably expressed throughout adulthood. During zebrafish embryogenesis, the ictacalcin gene was specifically expressed in striated epidermal cells covering the entire embryo. The ictacalcin staining in keratinocytes of striated epithelia was absent in the cytoplasm surrounding the nuclei, but it was highly concentrated in the peripheral margin. Tissues enriched with epithelia folds, such as olfactory epithelium, hatching gland, pectoral fin buds, urogenital opening, and pharynx, showed a robust ictacalcin expression. The strikingly heavy staining of ictacalcin in the pharyngeal region provides us with an early marker to follow the pharynx formation in zebrafish embryos. Developmental Dynamics 228:751–766, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the Availability of On-street Parking Affect Car Ownership of Households with Off-street Parking?

Local governments' minimum street-width standards often force developers to over-supply, and residents to pay for, a large quantity of on-street parking in residential neighborhoods. Such a policy is believed to encourage car ownership while reduce the affordability of housing. This paper examined the car ownership impact and focused on households who already have off-street parking. A sample of 403 households are randomly selected from a household travel survey in the New York City region. Their off-street and on-street parking supply are measured through Google Street View and Bing Maps Birds Eye View. After controlling for the endogeneity between parking supply and car ownership and the correlation between off-street and on-street parking supply, this paper finds that free and readily available on-street parking increases private car ownership by 8.8 percent, or one out of eleven cars purchased by households with off-street parking in the study region can be explained by on-street parking availability. Because private developers are reluctant to provide on-street parking and residents are unlikely to pay for such parking if the cost is not bundled with housing, this increased car ownership is largely the result of (ineffective) government intervention in the market. Local governments should revise their street standards and make the provision of on-street parking optional. They should let the market decide whether, and how many, on-street parking spaces to provide in new residential developments.
Nontraditional mortgages: appealing but misunderstood

Nontraditonal mortgages offer potential benefits for home buyers in strong, stable housing markets. Various payment options increase flexibility and enable borrowers to significantly reduce payments in the short term. In rapidly appreciating housing markets, these options also allow borrowers with certain needs, such as those who must live in areas defined by their employers (e.g., police, municipal workers, etc.), to make home purchases where real estate price increases have outpaced their capacity to buy using conventional financing. These mortgages typically feature lower initial monthly payments, or the option to make lower payments for some period, compared with traditional fixed or adjustable rate mortgages. However, these lower payments can increase significantly if the borrower initially makes only the minimum payment, which may comprise less than the interest due. Nontraditional mortgage products can be effective tools for borrowers who are financially sophisticated and understand the risks of payment shock and negative amortization.1 Less financially savvy and less credit-worthy borrowers may not necessarily understand the terms and consequences of these products. In some instances, borrowers have found they owe more than their house is worth, even in appreciating markets, as a result of negative amortization.