Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reinventing the Role of Information and Communications Technologies in Education

A system for transmitting compressed data for multiple channels or contexts from a single node which system reduces memory utilization without significant adverse effect on compression ratio by providing a separate history buffer for each channel, with a single hash table being provided for generating potential match addresses in the history buffer for at least selected ones of the channels. A single chain table may also be provided, the chain table having a single offset address for the corresponding offset addresses in the buffers for the selected channels. Collisions in the common hash table may be reduced by including channel address or the like as an additional input to the hash table, thereby biasing the address outputs therefrom.
Dynamic CMOS amplifiers

A family of dynamic CMOS amplifiers is presented and discussed. First, the concept of dynamic circuit is introduced. Then two groups of circuits with different biasing principles are shown, and experimental results are presented. The advantages of dynamic amplifiers are low power consumption, high voltage gain, large bandwidth, and low offset voltages.
Information Extraction for Freight-Related Natural Language Queries

The ability to retrieve accurate information from databases without an extensive knowledge of the contents and organization of each database is extremely beneficial to the dissemination and utilization of freight data. Advances in the artificial intelligence and information sciences provide an opportunity to develop query capturing algorithms to retrieve relevant keywords from freight-related natural language queries. The challenge is correctly identifying and classifying these keywords. On their own, current natural language processing algorithms are insufficient in performing this task for freight-related queries. High performance machine learning algorithms also require an annotated corpus of named entities which currently does not exist in the freight domain. This paper proposes a hybrid named entity recognition approach which draws on the individual strengths of models to correctly identify entities. The hybrid approach resulted in a greater precision for named entity recognition of freight entities-a key requirement for accurate information retrieval from freight data sources.
Minimisation of data collection by active learning

Uses the 'query-by-committee' approach for building an active scheme for data collection. In this method data gathering is reduced to a minimum, yet modelling accuracy is uncompromised. The authors' active querying criterion is determined by whether or not several models agree when they are fitted to random subsamples of a small amount of collected data. Experiments with neural network models to establish the feasibility of the authors' algorithm have produced encouraging results.
Issues and applications of case‐based reasoning in design

issues and applications of case based reasoning to design. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the issues and applications of case based reasoning to design your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.
Corporate Intranet Security: Packet-Level Protocols for Preventing Leakage of Sensitive Information and Assuring Authorized Network Traffic

Securing large corporate communication networks has become an increasingly difficult task. Sensitive information routinely leaves the company network boundaries and falls into the hands of unauthorized users. New techniques are required in order to classify packets based on user identity in addition to the traditional source and destination host addresses. This paper introduces Gaussian cryptographic techniques and protocols to assist network administrators in the complex task of identifying the originators of data packets on a network and more easily policing their behavior. The paper provides numerical examples that illustrate certain basic ideas.
Pseudonoise-coded image communications

Baseband image communication systems using code division multiple access are proposed. We investigate such a system using fixed-length pseudonoise (PN) codes and one using variable- length PN codes. We can find that the number of channels can be reduced when the latter is employed. Such a situation leads us to employ chaotic sequences, whose code-lengths can be arbitrarily chosen, for such variable-length PN codes.
Color Comprehension And Color Categories Among Blind Students: A Multi-Sensory Approach In Implementing Concrete Language To Include All Students In Advanced Writing Classes

This study investigates teaching methods regarding color comprehension and color categorization among blind students, as compared to their non-blind peers and whether they understand and represent the same color comprehension and color categories. Then after digit codes for color comprehension teaching and assistive technology for the blind had been implemented to replace the traditional way of teachings, their color comprehension was re-investigated through color categories test, examining their ability in distinguishing between shades of similar colors and expressing correct color naming that is relevant to given contexts. Further discussion from the study also reveals how this understanding of color comprehension and color categories can help modify print materials which would allow blind students, students with low vision, as well as those with color blindness to be exposed to all the components of language and literacy-related activities as they wish, and how the teachers can make use of this color comprehension and color categories to integrate a multi-sensory approach to benefit all students, not just those with special needs.
Regional scale spatio‐temporal consistency of precipitation variables related to water resource management and planning

The focus of this research was to determine the extent of spatio‐temporal changes in precipitation patterns using methods that can be regionalized and applied to various water resources such as lakes, streams, reservoirs or other water bodies. Many water resources throughout the world have demonstrated changes in historic water levels. As precipitation is the major input to these water bodies, it is important to investigate any changes in rainfall in both time and space. To investigate these patterns regionally, appropriate distributions, either gamma or generalized extreme value (GEV), were fitted to variables at a number of rainfall gauges within 40 km of a particular lake using maximum likelihood estimation. The variables included total annual rainfall, rainfall days per year, maximum annual event rainfall and maximum annual interevent days. Once the distribution parameters were estimated, an average, representative, distribution for each variable with 99% confidence limits was developed to determine if the fits for all gauges and variables were contained by these limits. To examine the temporal variation, distribution parameters were allowed to vary with time and then compared to constant parameter fits via likelihood ratio tests to determine if the varying parameter model significantly improved the fit. The spatial distribution of rainfall variables was found to be quite homogenous within the given confidence limits with some exceptions at high and low percentiles. Furthermore, the temporal distribution of rainfall variables was found to be stationary with only one gauge showing a significant trend. The average distribution for each precipitation variable developed can be applied at water resources within the region without rainfall gauges in proximity due to the spatial homogeneity and temporal stationarity identified. The methodology can be adapted to water resource management and planning in other regions. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The New IS Manager for the 1990s

Abstract This decade holds a variety of challenges for new IS managers, including increasing their knowledge of both business and technology issues and managing the IS department during times of downsizing and decentralization. As a result, these new IS managers require a new, unique set of skills and goals to help them successfully manage in the 1990s. This article describes this new skill set and how an IS employee can make the move from contributor to IS manager.
Wykorzystanie kompilacji iteracyjnej do optymalizacji warstwy programowej systemów wbudowanych

Embedded systems are special-purpose computers that perform one or few dedicated tasks. They are mostly part of larger electronic devices, such as communication devices, home appliances, office automation, business equipment, automobiles, etc. Complexity of computers has grown tremendously in recent years, because multi-core processors are in widespread use. Parallelized programs must be run on multi-core processors to use the most of its computing power. Exploiting parallel compilers for automatic parallelization of sequential programs accelerates design processes and reduces costs of the designed systems. In this paper there is described a WIZUTIC iterative compiler developed by the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology of the West Pomeranian University of Technology. It uses the source code of PLUTO parallel compiler developed at the Ohio State University by Uday Bondhugula. A simulated annealing algorithm is used for finding optimization passes for the given program features. Parameters that are changed in each iteration are tile sizes of loop transformation tiling. Experimental tests are described and the speed-up results obtained for the DES encryption algorithm are given.
Systolic sorter for WSI implementation

A hybrid scheme to solve the synchronization problem due to clock skew in VLSI is proposed. It is shown that the hybrid system is reconfigurable and suitable for wafer-scale integration (WSI) implementation. The redundancy architecture capable of fault tolerance is also proposed. The redundancy scheme based on a modified data manipulator is a powerful fault-tolerance architecture in the WSI implementation. <<ETX>>
Using web 2.0 technology in entrepreneurship education: Wikis as a tool for collaborative and collective learning

The challenge facing higher education is to maintain and increase the quality of teaching and learning against a backdrop of stakeholders' financial and, particularly, social and employability demands (Anon, 2009). This paper presents the results and experiences of an entrepreneurship education study involving web 2.0 technology, specifically Wikis. The properties of Wikis mean that documents can be created, shared and edited among multiple users, ideal for social learning in student groups. Web 2.0 is evolving rapidly, and it is clear that these new technologies bring diverse groups together; connecting previously unconnected businesses with universities and students in social learning.
A Profit Evaluation System (PES) for logic cores at early design stage

In this paper, we propose a Profit Evaluation System (PES) for IC designers. This system will help designers to determine the yield and test plan when specified quality level is given. Type of circuit fabric and raw manufacturing data (i.e., wafer size, wafer cost, defect density and distribution) are given for the system. The outputs of the system are the values of yield and fault coverage that will generate maximal profit. Different yield models and cost models are selectable for the users. Experimental results show that the system can find the optimal yield and test plan for generating the maximal profit. In the future, the building blocks for SOC (system-on-a-chip) designs may be a controller core, embedded SRAM memory, and some dedicated logic. Therefore, we will find the yield models and the cost models for these blocks to make our system suitable for SOC systems.
Research Methods for Business Students

How to use this book Guided tour Preface Contributors 1 The nature of business and management research and structure of this book 2 Formulating and clarifying the research topic 3 Critically reviewing the literature 4 Understanding research philosophies and approaches 5 Formulating the research design 6 Negotiating access and research ethics 7 Selecting samples 8 Using secondary data 9 Collecting primary data through observation 10 Collecting primary data using semi-structured, in-depth and group interviews 11 Collecting primary data using questionnaires 12 Analysing quantitative data 13 Analysing qualitative data 14 Writing and presenting your project report Appendices Glossary Index
Pass-transistor dual value logic for low-power CMOS

This paper presents new pass-transistor logic termed DVL which contains fewer transistors than its counterpart DPL yet maintaining comparable performance. A method for synthesis of such networks is also developed and demonstrated in this paper. The new logic is characterized by good speed and low power. The simulations and tests were performed using 1-/spl mu/m CMOS.
Generalizing the transfer in iterative error correction

Iterative decoding with message-passing is considered. The message format is generalized from the classical, single probability value for each code symbol to a probability distribution by introducing an additional logarithmic probability measure. Thereby, the representation of the probability distributions underlying the constituent code constraints by the messages is improved in terms of the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Simulation shows that this improvement can transfer to the error correcting performance.
A Novel Dictionaries Preconditioning Algorithm for Compressive Sensing

A Novel dictionaries preconditioning algorithm for compressive sensing is proposed in this paper. This algorithm uses alternating projection method to construct sensing and measurement dictionaries with low mutual and cumulative cross coherence. The coherence property of the constructed dictionaries is superior to those constructed by Schnass’ method and by Dictionaries Construction algorithm. The complexity and computation amount is lower than Dictionaries Construction algorithm. The constructed dictionaries improve the performance of OMP and SP algorithms.
Locomotion of animals

This book is about how animals travel around on land, in water and in the air. It is mainly about mechanisms of locomotion, their limitations and their energy requirements. There is some information about muscle physiology in Chapter 1, but only as much as seems necessary for the discussions of mechanisms and energetics. There is information in later chapters about the patterns of repetitive movement involved, for instance, in different gaits, but nothing about nervous mechanisms of coordination. I have tried to include most ofthe widely-used methods of locomotion, but have not thought it sensible to try to mention every variety of locomotion used by animals. This book is designed for undergraduates, but I hope that other people will also find it interesting. It is possible and sometimes illuminating to use complex mathematics in discussions of animal locomotion. This book includes many equations, but little mathematics. Such mathematics as there is, is simple. Discussions of the mechanisms and energetics of locomotion inevitably involve mechanics. I expect that some readers will know a lot of mechanics, and some hardly any. I have tried to help the latter without boring the former, by putting a summary of the necessary mechanics in an appendix (p. 140). References from the main text to the appendix will tell readers where they can find help, if they need it. Figures and equations in the appendix have numbers distinguished by a prefix A (for instance, Figure A.3).
A Novel Shared Segment Protection Algorithm for Multicast Sessions in Mesh WDM Networks

This paper investigates the problem of protecting multicast sessions in mesh wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) networks against single link failures, for example, a fiber cut in optical networks. First, we study the two characteristics of multicast sessions in mesh WDM networks with sparse light splitter configuration. Traditionally, a multicast tree does not contain any circles, and the first characteristic is that a multicast tree has better performance if it contains some circles. Note that a multicast tree has several branches. If a path is added between the leave nodes on different branches, the segment between them on the multicast tree is protected. Based the two characteristics, the survivable multicast sessions routing problem is formulated into an Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Then, a heuristic algorithm, named the adaptive shared segment protection (ASSP) algorithm, is proposed for multicast sessions. The ASSP algorithm need not previously identify the segments for a multicast tree. The segments are determined during the algorithm process. Comparisons are made between the ASSP and two other reported schemes, link disjoint trees (LDT) and shared disjoint paths (SDP), in terms of blocking probability and resource cost on CERNET and USNET topologies. Simulations show that the ASSP algorithm has better performance than other existing schemes.
Cognitive principles in the design of computer tutors

Abstract : A set of principles are derived from the ACT theory of cognition for designing intelligent tutors: identify the goal structure of the problem space, provide instruction on the problem-solving context, provide immediate feedback in errors, minimize working memory loads, use production system models of the student, adjust the grain size of instruction according to learning principles, enable the student to approach the target skills by successive approximation, and promote use of general problem-solving rules over analogy. These principles have successfully guided our design of tutors for college students learning to program LISP and for high school students learning geometry.
Bit-parallel wavelength links for high-performance computer networks

This paper describes a new interconnect and local area network transmission concept for computer communications based on spectrally encoding one or more computer words into a wavelength datagram. At physical and data link level, this system resembles an optical ribbon cable, except that all the bits pass on one fiber optic waveguide. At the network level, such fiber optic link segments can be interconnected all-optically using 2x2 optical switches into ShuffleNet or other architectures that permit a photonic packet to pass from source to destination without being incumbered with the extra delay and bandlimiting associated with electronic switching and regeneration. Unique properties of such a system include low latency (<10ns), very high bandwidth (<100Gbit/s per port), precise time alignment (<10ps) of the individual word bits over km distances, and dynamic scalability to support cluster computing and distributed supercomputing. Novel system elements disclosed in this paper include: (J) a bit parallel wavelength (BPW) fiber optic link that uniquely maintains wavelength channel time alignment, (2) an innovative parallel stepped wavelength optical transmitter that time synchronizes each laser diode element at its optical output, (3) a spectral encoder/decoder that adds fault tolerance and optical message addressing capability, and (4) a technique for transmitting and maintaining time aligned multi-X solitons as parallel bits through fiber media. Applications to teraflop high performance parallel computing and DoD input/output (I/O) bound applications are described.
Analisis Kinerja Rate-Distortion Codec Wyner-Ziv Video Coding Berbasis Discrete Wavelet Transform

Abstrak—Pengkodean video Wyner-Ziv (WZVC) merupakan salah satu paradigma baru dalam pengkodean video, dimana korelasi temporal sumber di eksploitasi disisi decoder. Encoder video hanya mengirimkan informasi seminimal mungkin, dan selanjutnya decoder video akan membuat skema pembangkitan side information (SI) menggunakan frame-frame sebelumnya yang sudah didekodekan. Pembangkitan SI di decoder adalah persoalan utama untuk menghasilkan kinerja rate-distortion (RD) yang mendekati kinerja RD pengkodean video konvensional seperti MPEG dan H,264. Paper ini akan mereview penerapan teknik discrete wavelet transform (DWT) pada codec WZVC. Dengan sifat hirarki berlapis, DWT dapat membuat eksploitasi spatial dari orde redah sampai orde tinggi. Dengan kemapuan ini, codec WZVC dapat menerapkan DWT untuk mengkeploitasi hirarki lapisan orde tinggi untuk pembangitan SI di decoder. Implementasi DWT pada codec DWT dapat diklasifisikan menjadi (i) penerapan langsung DWT sebagai teknik transformasi dan (ii) menggunakan hirarti lapisan orde rendah sebagai auxiliary information (AI) untuk menningkatkan akurasi pembangkitan SI di decoder. Studi literatur menunjukan bahwa imlementasi DWT pada codec WZVC mampu menghasilkan kinerja RD yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan H.264 pada pengkodean Intra.Hal ini memungkinkan encoder video dapat dirancang berkompleksitas rendah. Kata kunci—WZVC; DWT; Rate-Distortion; Side Information; Auxiliary Information;
Artificial neural networks with nonlinear synapses and nonlinear synaptic contacts

A neural network model with polynomial synapses and product contacts is investigated. The model further generalizes the sigma-pi and product units models. All the coefficients and exponents of the polynomial terms and the degrees of the polynomials (the number of polynomial terms) are learned, not predetermined. The polynomial synapses together with product contacts can produce any polynomial term. Since the number of learnable parameters is learned, in this aspect the present network is much like the growth networks. Several mechanisms in the present network contribute to a better generalization performance than the growth networks, which usually exhibit poor generalization. Gradient descent algorithms for training feedforward networks with polynomial synapses and product contacts are developed. Experimental results are presented. <<ETX>>
Auto−marking 2: An update on the UCLES−Oxford University research into using computational linguistics to score short‚ free text responses

At last year's conference we introduced our on-going three year investigation into the automatic marking (scoring) of short, written answers of one or two sentences (Sukkarieh et al, 2003, henceforth SPR*). We described and gave initial results for preliminary implementations of two approaches to the automatic marking of some GCSE Biology questions. The first approach involved the use of information extraction techniques to extract significant features from answers and match them with patterns in a hand crafted marking way. The second approach used text classification techniques to match new, un-marked answers with the nearest equivalent answers in a sample of human-marked "training" answers. In the present paper, we report new results following refinements to the first approach, discuss problems encountered and describe progress towards our goal of automating the process of configuring the system to mark new questions. We finish by briefly discussing our priorities for future research and our plans for a real, low stakes application of auto-marking to be trialled during the coming year.