Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
License Plate recognition in fog weather based on deep learning

The traditional license plate recognition is generally carried out under normal conditions, but there is little work to carry out license plate recognition in fog.With the deterioration of the global environment, the probability of winter fog increases. Therefore, efficient and accurate license plate recognition under fog conditions is the research focus of this paper. This paper introduces the defogging of license plate images in foggy weather and the detailed work of license plate recognition through deep learning, which can improve the accuracy of license plate recognition in foggy weather and is conducive to ensuring the driving safety of vehicles in foggy weather.
Rare findings of dichlorvos intoxication: Erythematous and bullous skin lesions

Dichlorvos (2,2 –dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) is a synthetic organophosphate used as an insecticide. Usually, systemic signs and findings are seen in patients with orally intoxicated by organophosphate. Cutaneous findings are rarely seen in oral dichlorvos intoxication. We reported a 44 years old female patient who was rushed to the emergency department just after she took 3 or 4 sips of liquid-based insecticide containing dichlorvos. On the second day of the follow up in the internal medicine department, a few bullous and erythematous lesions (max. diameter between 2 and 3 cm) showed up on her left periumbilical and bilateral inframammary region. The lesions healed after application of topical treatments. We should keep in mind that skin lesions can be seen in the course of poisoning with organophosphates like dichlorvos.
A new classification of peri implant gaps based on gap location (A case series of 210 immediate implants)

Based on our collective experiences with gap management around immediate dental implants, we have proposed a classification of gap type based on the location in relation to implant periphery. Seven types are proposed, and all but one type should heal without gap grafting provided that flap-less surgery and atraumatic extraction have been achieved. The exception is our Type II gap where the implant has been placed too far buccally leaving a gap only on the lingual/palatal. In this case, the lingual/palatal gap need not be grafted, but the buccal aspect of the implant should best to augmented to avoid the complications.
Evaluation of the Vegetation-Index-Based Dimidiate Pixel Model for Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation

Remote sensing estimation based on the dimidiate pixel model (DPM) using vegetation indices (VIs) is a common approach for mapping fractional vegetation cover (FVC). The major drawback of DPM is that it does not consider real endmember conditions and multiple scattering between soil and vegetation. An analysis of FVC uncertainties caused by these model deficiencies is still lacking. Here, we first calculated the FVC theoretical uncertainty caused by reflectance uncertainties based on the law of prapagation of uncertainty (LPU). Then, we tested the performance of DPM using six VIs over 3-D forest scenes. We simulated both Aqua-MODIS and Landsat-OLI surface reflectance (SR) at their corresponding spatial resolutions and spectral response functions (SRFs) using a well-validated 3-D radiative transfer (RT) model which helps to separate the model and input uncertainties. We found that ratio vegetation index (RVI)- and enhanced vegetation index (EVI)-based models were most affected by sensors, followed by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-, enhanced vegetation index 2 (EVI2)-, renormalized difference vegetation index (RDVI)-, and difference vegetation index (DVI)-based models. Without considering SR uncertainties, the DVI-based model performed best (FVC absolute difference < 0.1); however, the commonly used NDVI model reached a maximum difference of 0.35. At the same time, input uncertainty increased the uncertainty of FVC retrieval. We noticed that the increase of solar zenith angle (SZA) resulted in a clear increase of retrieved FVC under the uniform distribution, which can be explained by the increased shadow proportion. Besides, model accuracy was dominated by the purity of soil (vegetation) endmember in low (high) vegetation cover area. This study provides a reference for the selection of the optimal VI for FVC retrieval based on the DPM.
Robust Invariant Sets Computation for Discrete-Time Perturbed Nonlinear Systems

In this article, we study the maximal robust invariant set estimation problem for discrete-time perturbed nonlinear systems within the optimal control framework. The maximal robust invariant set of interest is a set of all states such that every possible trajectory starting from it never violates a specified state constraint, regardless of actual disturbances. The maximal robust invariant set is shown to be the zero level set of the unique bounded solution to a Bellman type equation, which is a functional equation being widely used in discrete-time optimal control. Consequently, the maximal robust invariant set estimation problem is reduced to a problem of solving a Bellman type equation. This is the main contribution of this article. The uniqueness of bounded solutions enables us to solve the derived Bellman type equation using numerical methods such as the value iteration and policy iteration, which provide an approximation of the maximal robust invariant set. Finally, two examples demonstrate the performance of our Bellman equation based method.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Metalloporphyrins, DNA and Iron-Lanthanide Clusters in the Liquid Phase

Ultraschnelle Dynamik von verschiedenen organischen und anorganischen molekularen Systemen wurde unter Verwendung der zeitaufgeloste Anregungs-Abfrage-Technik in Kombination mit anderen spektroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Diese Dynamik umfasst, z.B. die Relaxationsprozesse in Metalloporphyrins, die Ladungstransfer zwischen Donor und Akzeptor durch DANN-Doppelhelix sowie die Dynamik von Ladungstrager in anorganischen nanostrukturierten zyklischen koordinierten Eisen-Lanthanoide Clustern.
The 515NM electrochromic absorption change and photosynthetic electron transport

The factors controlling the generation of the fast (phase a) and slow (phase b) rises of the flash-induced 515nm electrochromic absor­ ption change (AA^j.) in chloroplasts have been investigated. Redox potentiometric titrations indicate that phase a (complete in < ms) is apparent over the redcx potential span of the initial photochemical reactions of photosystems 1 and 2. Three waves in the low potential titration of phase a with 7 5 °f +60mV, -190mV and < -4-OOmV can be detected. From the insensitivity to the inhibi­ tor DCMU, it is proposed that the species with E „ r of -190mV m , /. 5 and < -4-OOmV are both related to photosystem 1. A much slower phase, which occurs in the millisecond time domain, can be detected at positive redox potentials. It is enhanced in amplitude over the +100mV redox potential range, in which the plastoquinone pool is chemically re­ duced, but is attenuated at redcx potentials in which the cytochrome b-563 is reduced. Changes in the amplitude of both phase a and phase b are incurred upon the destacking of the thylakoid grana. To determine the underlying mechanism generating phase b, flashinduced studies of the and of the cytochrome b -563 and cytoch­ rome f redox reactions, have been carried out, using different reductants and under different salt conditions. These indicate that phase b can be correlated with cytochrome b-563 re oxidation, via a Q-cycle type mechanism. This conclusion is further supported by studies of the effect of electron transfer inhibitors on phase b, and their effect on cytochrome redox changes and proton uptake/release.
Visit Places on YourWay: A Skyline Approach in Time-Dependent Networks

Many people take the same path every day, such as taking a specific autobahn to get home from work. However, one needs to frequently divert from this path, e.g., to visit a Point of Interest (POI) from a category like the category of restaurants or ATMs. Usually, people want to minimize not only their overall travel cost but also their detour cost, i.e., one wants to return to the known path as fast as possible. Finding such a POI minimizing both costs efficiently is highly challenging in case one considers time-dependent road networks which are the case in real-world scenarios. For such road networks time decency means the time a user needs to traverse a road, heavily depends on the user’s arrival time on that road. Prior works have several limitations, such as assuming that travel costs are coming from a metric space and do not change over time. Both assumptions hardly match real-world requirements: Just think of traffic jams at the rush hour. To overcome these limitations, we study how to solve this problem considering time-dependent road networks relying on linear skylines. Our main contribution is an efficient algorithm called STACY to find all non-dominated paths. A large-scale empirical evaluation on real-world data reveals that STACY is accurate, efficient and effective in real-world settings.
Best Practices for Real-Time in Situ Atomic Force and Chemical Force Microscopy of Crystals

The characterization of dynamic crystal surfaces with their surroundings can be elusive because their growth and dissolution usually occur at length scales and in environments that are incompatible with most microscopy methods. Real-time in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and chemical force microscopy (CFM) have emerged over the past two decades as powerful tools for the investigation of crystal growth in environments of interest, enabling quantitative characterization of dynamic growth processes at the near-molecular level as well as surface adhesion. Herein, we describe protocols that we view as best practices for these measurements, which permit substantial insight into crystal growth mechanisms and phenomena that often govern aggregation and adhesion of crystals. These protocols are illustrated with a focus on soft organic crystals relevant to human health, such as the pathological crystal l-cystine, which forms kidney stones in patients suffering from cystinuria. This manuscript also describes cha.
Morphology of {{Fe}} Nanolayers with {{Pt}} Overlayers on Low-Temperature Annealing

Agglomeration or dewetting is technologically important in the microelectronics industry as it is one of the methods of producing arrays of nanosized metal clusters. This report investigates the grain morphology evolution due to low-temperature annealing (473 K) in Fe layers with Pt overlayers. X-ray diffuse scattering and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) have been used to access different correlation lengths and correlate them with grain sizes from transmission electron microscopy. Overall, the GISAXS data indicate that the nanoparticles or nanoclusters in the samples appear as bimodal distributions. It is shown that, for an Fe layer with vertical grain sizes of 5 and 11 nm, irrespective of cluster size, there is no signature of agglomeration between the Fe and Pt layers even with very long annealing times (3000 min). The vertical grain sizes are mediated by the film thickness. Furthermore, an alternating variation with grain sizes of 4 and 7 nm is achieved by Al doping, but without a restriction on the Fe layer thickness. Even in this case, the agglomeration process is seen to remain unaffected by annealing for the same time durations, but only for the larger sized nanoclusters. The smaller ones are seen to grow in size, with increased correlation lengths for the maximum annealing time owing to higher surface energy.
Challenges to Peacebuilding Approaches: Analysing Sri Lanka’s Peace Efforts During the First 10 Years Ending the Civil War

Sri Lanka’s 26-year long civil war ended with a military victory over the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in 2009. The direct victims of this civil war were mostly the people residing in the Northern and Eastern Provinces of the island. According to data gathered by the state, the impact of the war has been severe and there had been 71,201 war-related deaths between 1983 and 2011 (Department of Census and Statistics, 2011, p. 9). In addition to this, there were 800,000 internally displaced people, 900,000 war-affected children (Husain et al., 2011, p. 523), and nearly 89,000 war widows (Quist, 2015, p. 5).
Application of an industrial waste magnetic iron dust as a solid phase support for immobilizing enzyme of industrial applications

Magnetic iron dust, a byproduct by many chemical industries that performs the reduction of nitro compounds to amine, was used for laccase immobilization. The characterization of magnetic iron dust was done by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, and dynamic light scattering. Biodegradable polymer, chitosan, was coated on to the magnetic iron dust by reverse phase suspension method, which was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Immobilization of the laccase enzyme was done onto the chitosan-coated and non-coated magnetic iron dust. The immobilization was monitored by Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Binding efficiency, optimum pH, and optimum temperature for these immobilized laccases were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern of magnetic iron dust confirmed presence of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) with a particle size of 529.6 nm measured by dynamic light scattering. Laccase was immobilized on chitosan-coated and non-coated magnetic iron dust, monitored by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Binding efficiency of the laccases was found to be 100% onto the coated and non-coated magnetic iron dust and their activity remained to be 63% and 82%, respectively, even after the 10th cycle of their use. The present results demonstrated the applicability of these immobilized laccase system in the industry in terms of their reusability and waste recycling.
Comparative Assessment of Maximum Voluntary Bite Force and Electromyography of Masseter Muscle Pre- and Post-oral Rehabilitation in Children between 3 and 14 Years of Age: An In Vivo Study

Ab s t r Ac t Aim: The aim of the study was the assessment of maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) and electromyography (EMG) of masseter muscle pre and post oral rehabilitation in children between 3 years and 14 years of age. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 60 children aged 3–14 years of age divided into 3 groups of 20 each based on the dentition. The MVBF and the EMG of the masseter muscle were recorded pre and post oral rehabilitation. Results: The MVBF in phase I and II for right side was found to be 32.32 and 36.59 kg, respectively, and for the left side was found to be 32.24 and 36.53 kg, respectively, which was highly significant. Electromyography of masseter muscle for both the phases was found to be 283.87 μV in phase I and 329.64 μV in phase II with a high significance. Conclusion: A significant improvement was observed post oral rehabilitation in the MVBF and the electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle. Maximum voluntary bite force was seen more in males as compared to females with no side predilection. Hence, the effect of dental caries on bite force and masticatory muscle activity was established.
ZigZag: Enlarging Joint Architecture-Mapping Design Space Exploration for DNN Accelerators

Building efficient embedded deep learning systems requires a tight co-design between DNN algorithms, hardware, and algorithm-to-hardware mapping, a.k. a. dataflow. However, owing to the large joint design space, finding an optimal solution through physical implementation becomes infeasible. To tackle this problem, several design space exploration (DSE) frameworks have emerged recently, yet they either suffer from long runtimes or a limited exploration space. This article introduces ZigZag, a rapid DSE framework for DNN accelerator architecture and mapping. ZigZag extends the common DSE with uneven mapping opportunities and smart mapping search strategies. Uneven mapping decouples operands (W/I/O), memory hierarchy, and mappings (temporal/spatial), opening up a whole new space for DSE, and thus better design points are found by ZigZag compared to other SotAs. For this, ZigZag uses an enhanced nested-for-loop format as a uniform representation to integrate algorithm, accelerator, and algorithm-to-accelerator mapping. ZigZag consists of three key components: 1) an analytical energy-performance-area Hardware Cost Estimator, 2) two Mapping Search Engines that support spatial and temporal even/uneven mapping search, and 3) an Architecture Generator that auto-explores the wide memory hierarchy design space. Benchmarking experiments against published works, in-house accelerator, and existing DSE frameworks, together with three case studies, show the reliability and capability of ZigZag. Up to 64 percent more energy-efficient solutions are found compared to other SotAs, due to ZigZag's uneven mapping capabilities.
Ownership structure, dividend policy, and financial performance: A causality analysis

In recent decades, many theoretical and empirical studies (Liargovas & Skandalis, 2010; Mirza & Javed, 2013; Omondi & Muturi, 2013; Akben-Selcuk, 2016; Batchimeg, 2017; Matar, Al-Rdaydeh, Al-Shannag, & Odeh, 2018; Apan & İslamoglu, 2018; Tabash, Al-Homaidi, Ahmad, & Farhan, 2020) in the financial literature have paid particular attention to company performance, and more specifically to factors that may influence the performance of the company. According to Ting, Kweh, and Somosundaram (2017), the ownership structure (OS) and the dividend policy (DP) could play a particularly important role in the financial performance (FP) of the company and offer useful information to the decision-makers interested in improving the corporate governance systems. Empirically, the majority of the existing literature conducted so far mainly focuses primarily on studying the impact of OS and DP on performance or testing the relationship or correlation between OS, DP, and firm performance (Alslehat & Altahtamouni, 2014; Ehikioya, 2015; Rehman, 2016; Elvin & Hamid, 2016; Khan, Nadeem, Islam, Salman, & Gill, 2016; Leon, 2017; Ting et al., 2017; Bayero & Bambale, 2017; Rafindadi & Bello, 2019; Rajverma, Misra, Mohapatra, & Chandra, 2019; Kautsar, 2019; Khan et al., 2019; Iwasaki & Mizobata, 2020). But, the direction of causal relationship that may exist between the various dimensions of corporate governance (such as, OS, DP) and FP is ambiguous and until now has not been established (Olarewaju, Abstract
Empirical Relationship Between the Doppler Centroid Derived From X-Band Spaceborne InSAR Data and Wind Vectors

One of the challenges in ocean surface current retrieval from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is the estimation and removal of the wave-induced Doppler centroid (DC). This article demonstrates empirically the relationship between the dc derived from spaceborne X-band InSAR data and the ocean surface wind and waves. In this study, we analyzed over 300 TanDEM-X image pairs. It is found that the general characteristics of the estimated dc follow the theoretically expected variation with incidence angle, wind speed, and wind direction. An empirical geophysical model function (GMF) is fit to the estimated dc and compared to existing models and previous experiments. Our GMF is in good agreement (within 0.2 m/s) with other models and data sets. It is found that the wind-induced Doppler velocity contributes to the total Doppler velocity with about 15% of the radial wind speed. This is much larger than the sum of the contributions from the Bragg waves (~0.2 m/s) and the wind-induced drift current (~3% of wind speed). This indicates a significant (dominant) contribution of the long wind waves to the SAR dc. Moreover, analysis of dual-polarized data shows that the backscatter polarization ratio ( $PR=\sigma ^{0}_{VV}/\sigma ^{0}_{HH}$ ) and the dc polarization difference ( $PD={|dc_{VV}|-|dc_{HH}|}$ ) are systematically larger than 1 and smaller than 0 Hz, respectively, and both increase in magnitude with incidence angle. The estimated PR and PD are compared to other theoretical and empirical models. The Bragg scattering theory-based (pure Bragg and composite surface) models overestimate both PR and PD, suggesting that other scattering mechanisms, e.g., wave breaking, are involved. In general, it is found that empirical models are more consistent with both backscatter and Doppler data than theory-based models. This motivates a further improvement of SAR dc GMFs.
Calretinin immunohistochemical staining in Hirschsprung’s disease: An institutional experience

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the results obtained by calretinin staining on tissue samples for diagnosing Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) in a single institution, by single expert. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was done for calretinin immunostaining in HD patients for a period of 3 years. Calretinin staining was evaluated in nerve fibers. Calretinin immunohistochemistry was considered positive if any staining was seen in nerve fibers and/or ganglion cells in the lamina propria, muscularis mucosa or submucosa. According to staining intensity, staining was classified as strong, weak or negative. The pathological diagnosis was based on presence or absence of ganglion cells (G0/G1) and nerve hypertrophy (N0/N1). Samples were classified according to the depth (presence of submucosa or intermuscular area), the type (biopsy or resection specimen) and staining intensity of calretinin (strong, weak, or negative staining). Results: A total of 96 tissue samples from 56 patients were studied. Tissues were from colon (43.8%), rectum (43.8%), stoma (6.2%), ileum (3.1%) and appendix (3.1%). The pathological diagnosis was G0N0 in 14.6%, G1N0 in 54.2%, G0N1 in 25% and G1N1 in 6.2% of cases. Our materials consisted of 92 tissue biopsies and four resection specimens. Intermuscular layer was present in 87.5% of materials and 12.5% of biopsies contained submucosa. Calretinin staining was negative (C0) in 37.5% of cases, strong positive (C1) in 47.9%, and weak positive (C2) in 14.6%. When the C0 category was taken as the reference, the status of calretinin staining as C2 (weak positive) in cases with pathological diagnosis of G1N0 was found to be 37.575 times that of cases with G0N0 (OR [95% CI]: 37.575 [2.928, 482.176], p=0.006) and the status of calretinin staining as C1 (strong positive) in cases with pathologic diagnosis of G1N0 was found to be 131.401 times that of G0N0 (OR [95% CI]: 131.401 [9.263, 1864.082), p<0.001). Conclusion: Calretinin staining is positive whenever ganglion cells are present independent from presence of nerve hypertrophy, the depth and the site of the biopsy or staining intensity. It is negative in all aganglionic samples. Calretinin staining is a reliable ancillary test in HD diagnosis.