Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new parameterization of the reionisation history

Motivated by the current constraints on the epoch of reionisation from recent cosmic microwave background observations, ionising background measurements of star-forming galaxies, and low redshifts line-of-sight probes, we propose a new data-motivated parameterisation of the history of the average ionisation fraction. This parameterisation describes a flexible redshift-asymmetric reionisation process in two regimes that is capable of fitting all the current constraints.
Taking Advantage of Web 2.0 in Organized Education (A Survey)

Reports on using Web 2.0 and Social web technology and tools in education appear lately with increasing frequency year after year. Applications of blogging, wikis, social bookmarking and tagging, online communities, podcasting and more were reported. The benefits observed in connection with these new methods include: improved motivation, and quality of learning, development of analytical thinking, collaboration, teamwork, and communication skills. The second part of this work draws conclusions on methodological issues. Blogs seem to be best suited for subjective organization and reflection upon the acquired knowledge. Wikis seem to be well suited for collaborative organization of knowledge. Social bookmarking was used with success for organization of resources of various kinds. The blended learning approach seems to be the most effective way to include these activities in higher education. These tools bring a particular value into those fields of study where open ended discussion and competing opinions are valued, e.g., social sciences, but this is not a rule. Students' activities with these tools provide valuable source of assessment, however not only content contributed by individual students but also frequency and periodicity should take part in the evaluation.
An ab Initio Study of Solid Nitromethane, HMX, RDX, and CL20: Successes and Failures of DFT

Using the PW91 and PBE density functional theories (DFT), we have studied four energetic molecular crystals, nitromethane, HMX, RDX, and CL20, with a wide range of basis sets. Intramolecular distances, simple angles, and band gaps are converged at plane wave cutoff energies (Ecut) of 430 to 495 eV. Cell parameters were determined over a range of Ecut values from 280 eV to 700 or 800 eV, depending upon the system. Lattice vectors, however, display large errors in the range of 0.2 A to 1.0 A (up to a 9.6% error at the highest Ecut used here), and a very slow convergence on basis set size. We hypothesize that the error in the lattice vectors is due to a lack of van der Waals forces in current DFT functionals. This deficiency will have unforeseen consequences on all crystal calculations for organic molecules, and therefore caution should be employed whenever interpreting results obtained from the current DFT functionals available in solid state codes. To properly describe the electronic structure of these typ.
Production of DOC by Calanus finmarchicus, C-glacialis and C-hyperboreus through sloppy feeding and leakage from fecal pellets

Using 14 C-labeled phytoplankton as tracer, we investigated 2 mechanisms of immediate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release during grazing activity of Calanus spp. — sloppy feeding and leakage from newly expelled fecal pellets. Half of the carbon cleared by Calanus spp. was released as DOC through sloppy feeding. Freshly expelled fecal pellets lost more than 20% of their carbon content within the first hour, corresponding to 6% of the carbon cleared. Thus, copepods should not only be considered as an essential link to higher trophic levels, but also as a feedback link to the microbial food web.
10.321/eid0805.Typical and Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains differ in several characteristics. Typical EPEC, a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, is rare in industrialized countries, where atypical EPEC seems to be a more important cause of diarrhea. For typical EPEC, the only reservoir is humans; for atypical EPEC, both animals and humans can be reservoirs. Typical and atypical EPEC also differ in genetic characteristics, serotypes, and virulence properties. Atypical EPEC is more closely related to Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC), and like STEC these strains appear to be emerging pathogens.
Remote Monitoring of Plate‐Like Structures Using Guided Wave Arrays

A permanently attached guided wave array for the constant monitoring of defects in plate‐like structures is designed and a prototype built. Employing the first antisymmetric Lamb wave mode A0, the condition of large areas can be monitored from a single position of the device with minimum power consumption, necessary for long term operation independent of external power sources. The performance of the piezoelectric transducer elements used for the excitation and measurement of the A0 mode is studied. Preliminary measurement results on an aluminum plate containing a model defect are presented.
Comparison of levels of nitric oxide in gastric juice of smoker and non-smoker patients with dyspepsia

Epidemiologic studies have shown that smoking is a major factor in development of malignancies in various human tissues. Smoke from every cigarette contains more than 600 µg nitric oxide radical (NO°) in gas phase. As a result of oxidation of nitrogen in gradients of tobacco and likely atmospheric nitrogen, more than 100 µg NO° is released in cigarette smoke which goes over human palate directly and without any filtering. In this research, we studied levels of nitric oxide in gastric juice of smokers and non-smokers afflicted with active peptic ulcer. Among persons referred to gastroenterology clinic, 43 smoker patients (14 men and 29 women) with average age of 45/30±13/16 who were afflicted with active peptic ulcer were determined as the case group, 43 non-smokers (13 men and 30 women) without peptide ulcer with average age of 42/67±16/04 were determined as the first control group, 43 smokers (16 men and 27 women) without peptic ulcer, with an average age of 44/58±12/07, were determined as the second control group and 43 non-smokers (23 men and 40 women) with peptic ulcer, with an average age of 45/37±13/39, were determined as the third control group. Levels of nitric oxide in gastric juice in the four groups were assessed by means of Griess colorimetric method. Compared to control groups 1 and 3, levels of nitric oxide in the case group showed a meaningful increase (in both groups, P˂0/0001) while nitric oxide levels in gastric juice of the case group and control group 2 (smokers without active peptic ulcer) did not have any meaningful difference (p=0/656). The results of this study ascertain that damage to the gastric tissue is in direct relationship with toxic elements in cigarette smoke especially NO° radical. It is very likely that peroxynitrite radical (ONOO ), which resulted from rapid reaction between NO° and O2°, is responsible for these injuries. ONOO is a powerful oxidant and nitrating element that can promote reactions of HO°, nitrosoniume (NO2°) and nitrogen dioxide.
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences

Glacier-wide mass balance has been measured for more than sixty years and is widely used as an indicator of climate change and to assess the glacier contribution to runoff and sea level rise. Until recently, comprehensive uncertainty assessments have rarely been carried out and mass balance data have often been applied using rough error estimation or without consideration of errors. In this study, we propose a framework for reanalysing glacier mass balance series that includes conceptual and statistical toolsets for assessment of random and systematic errors, as well as for validation and calibration (if necessary) of the glaciological with the geodetic balance results. We demonstrate the usefulness and limitations of the proposed scheme, drawing on an analysis that comprises over 50 recording periods for a dozen glaciers, and we make recommendations to investigators and users of glacier mass balance data. Reanalysing glacier mass balance series needs to become a standard procedure for every monitoring programme to improve data quality, including reliable uncertainty estimates.
Current rates of fruit removal and seed dispersal in New Zealand fleshy-fruited mountain plants

The New Zealand mountain flora is rich in fleshy-fruited species but many terrestrial frugivorous birds are extinct or declining, potentially putting seed dispersal mutualisms at risk. To determine whether fruits are currently being removed by animals, we measured removal rates of eight fleshy-fruited mountain plant species from five families over two fruiting seasons, at two sites in inland Canterbury. We compared fruit removal rates within cages (no animal access to fruits), on unmanipulated plants (open-access to fruits by all animals), and within lizard-only cages (large mesh). For the eight species, unmanipulated fruit removal rates were generally high, with overall percent fruit removal by the end of autumn ranging from 67% to 99% (mean 81%) in open-access treatments. Effects of cage treatments were significant for seven of the eight species, with 58-75% removal (mean 62%) in lizard-only treatments and 23-79% (mean 40%) in animal-exclusion cages. The largest difference in fruit removal between open-access and cage treatments was for the montane shrub Aristotelia fruticosa (98% vs 5% respectively) and the smallest was for Coprosma petriei (81% vs 65%, cage treatment effect non-significant). On average, fruit removal inside lizard-access cages was just over half of that on open-access plants, suggesting that lizards can move many fruits. Delays in fruit removal are unimportant provided that most fruits are removed before they rot, and levels of final fruit removal seen in this study provide no evidence for large-scale dispersal failure despite changes to the disperser fauna.
Diversity of Endophytic Diazotrophs in Non-Leguminous Crops - A Review

Endophytes promote plant growth and yield, suppress pathogens, solubilize phosphate and contribute assimilable nitrogen to the plants. Mutualistic endophyte such as Azospirillum, Gluconobacter diazotrophicus,Burkholderia sp.of rice and other grasses, are of agrobiotechnological interest.The recent isolation and study of endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria from grasses represent an exciting period in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. A substancial review work has been done in the present paper on the diversity as well as host microbe interaction of endophytic diazotrophs in non leguminous plants.
Soil erosion from two small construction sites, Dane County, Wisconsin

Soil erosion from construction sites has long been identified as a significant source of sediment and other suspended solids in runoff in many parts of the United States (Hagman and others, 1980; Yorke and Herb, 1976: Becker and others, 1974). In some states, such as Wisconsin, sediment has been identified as the number one pollutant (by volume) of surface waters (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1994). Because numerous water-quality problems in streams are associated with excessive sedimentation, Federal and state regulations requiring erosion-control measures at construction sites larger than 5 acres have been developed and implemented from the 1970's to the present. During the 1990's, excessive erosion and sediment production associated with small residential and commercial sites of less than 5 acres has been increasingly recognized for its effects on streams not only erosion from individual sites but also erosion from discontinuous groups of sites within a stream basin. Currently, most Federal, state, and local construction regulations require some type of erosion control plan for sites disturbing more than 5 acres. On sites less than 5 acres, minimal erosion control measures are required. In most instances, only perimeter controls (silt fences and straw bails) and tracking pads (crushed stone or gravel at vehicle access points) are required as erosion control practices. In the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Phase II Stormwater Rules, erosion control will be required on sites less than 5 acres (small construction sites) beginning in 2003. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the significance of erosion on construction sites less than 5 acres as a source of sediment to surface waters.
Nanoscale Investigation of Thermal Alteration of Chondritic Meteorites via Simultaneous Secondary and Transmitted Electron Imaging during In Situ Heating up to 1000 oC

Chondritic meteorites are among the most primitive samples available for study and provide unique insight into the processes that occurred during the early stages of solar-system formation. While they have been affected by aqueous alteration on their parent-body asteroids, the Murchison and Tagish Lake carbonaceous chondrites experienced minimal thermal alteration [1, 2]. They contain high-levels of carbonaceous compounds and water-bearing phyllosilicates [3], and the response of these (and other) materials to external heating has important implications for the history of these meteorites and active processes occurring on their parent bodies. We are interested in learning the effects of thermal alteration on the physical and mineralogical structure of fine-grained material in carbonaceous chondrites from the micro- to the nanoscale. Herein we report on in situ heating of the fine-grained matrix material of the Murchison meteorite in a Hitachi SU9000 STEM/SEM equipped with an Oxford X-Max N 100LE EDS system and a Hitachi Blaze heating and electric bias sample holder. Using a Norcada MEMS heating chip, we proceeded with step aqueous to metamorphism, During were at 30 fpm to observe any potential structural changes. After reaching each step, the temperature was held isothermally at 200 o C for imaging and EDS mapping. Simultaneous secondary electron (SE) and scanning transmitted electron (bright-field, BF and annular dark field, ADF) imaging at 30kV reveal the changes that occur on the (SE) and throughout the bulk (ADF and BF).
MARGINS LEADING TO OVER-CAPACITY

This paper categorises and describes the design stages, stakeholders and decision processes of an overcapacity boiler upgrade that came about from the excessive use of design margins. Using a hospital case study, the reason behind the overcapacity and excessive margins is explored using semi-structured interviews, document analysis and process modelling. Design margins arise from a lack of systemic thinking during the design and installation phases. It is likely that margins are added as a matter of habit with no real thought to their applicability, calling into question the design process.
A high-performance self-powered broadband photodetector based on a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/ZnO nanorod array heterostructure

Here we report a self-powered photodetector based on a ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction and a MoO3 hole-transport layer. The organolead iodide perovskite photodetector is sensitive to broadband wavelengths from the ultraviolet light to the entire visible light region (250–800 nm), showing a high photo-responsivity of 24.3 A W−1 and a high detectivity value of 3.56 × 1014 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 500 nm without external bias voltage. Meanwhile, we found that the photodetective performances are closely related to the thickness of the MoO3 layer, which acts as a hole-transport layer and an electron-blocking layer and can effectively decrease the recombination of holes and electrons. Additionally, the as-fabricated photodetector exhibits good stability and only 9.3% photoelectric response current decay after a 3-month illumination test. The high detectivity and responsivity of such a ZnO nanorod/perovskite heterojunction are clearly demonstrated and should be widely applicable to other photoelectric detection devices.
Directivity patterns of a spark source of acoustic waves in a solid

The direcrional characteristics of a spark source of acoustic waves in a solid are studied experimentally' The angular dependence of the ampiituJes of longitudinal and shear waves and of Rayleigh surface waves is inuestigated for two principal discharge geometries. A qualitative interpretation of the observed dependences is given.
Characterization of the bubble cluster and velocity field in the focal region of a lithotripter

The cavitation bubble cluster and the velocity field in the focal region of a lithotripter are investigated. Images of the bubble cluster were captured which show the bubbles increasing in size over approximately 500 μs before collapsing rapidly. Velocity measurements were obtained using particle image velocimetry. A few milliseconds after the inception of cavitation the velocity field consisted of localized flows with maximum velocities and shear rates of the order of 100 mm s−1 and 50 s−1 respectively. At times 40 ms after cavitation an average uni-directional flow of the order of 10 mm s−1 was observed. The mechanism by which the flow is generated is also considered.
Classification of Time-course Gene Expression Data Using a Hybrid Neural-based Model

The emergence of DNA microarray technologies leads to significant advances in molecular biology. Time-course gene expression data are often measured in order to study dynamic biological systems and gene regulatory networks. It is believed that genes demonstrating similar expression profiles over time might give an informative insight into how underlying biological mechanisms work. This importance leads that in microarray gene research, statistical and intelligent models have received considerable attention to analyze complex time-course gene expression data. Recently, various classification models have been applied in order to find genes which show similar periodic pattern expression. In this paper, we consider the classification of gene expression in temporal expression patterns; then propose an Intelligent hybrid classification model, in which an artificial neural network is combined with a multiple linear regression model to classify genes data. Empirical results show that the proposed model can yield more accurate results than other well-known statistical and intelligent classification models. Therefore, it can be applied as an appropriate approach for classification of gene expression data.
Sharp Style Analysis in the MSCI Sector Portfolios: A Monte Caro Integration Approach

We examine a decision-theoretic Bayesian framework for the estimation of Sharpe Style portfolio weights of the MSCI sector returns. Following van Dijk and Kloek (1980) an appropriately defined prior density of style weights can incorporate non-negativity and other constraints. We use factor-mimicking portfolios as proxies to global style factors such as Value, Growth, Debt and Size. Our computational approach is based on Monte Carlo Integration (MCI) of Kloek and van Dijk (1978) for the estimation of the posterior moments and distribution of portfolio weights. MCI provides a number of advantages, such as a flexible choice of prior distributions, improved numerical accuracy of the estimated parameters, the use of inequality restrictions in prior distributions and exact inference procedures. Our empirical findings suggest that, contrary to existing evidence, style factors do explain the MSCI sector portfolio returns for the particular sample period. Further, non-negativity constraints on portfolio weights were found to be binding in all cases.
Kazein içerikli besinler ve dental ürünler

Kazein, inek sutundeki proteinlerin yaklasik %80’ini olusturan bir fosfoproteindir. Kazein fosfopeptitleri, fosfoseril uzantilar araciligiyla kalsiyum ve fosfati, kazein fosfopeptit-amorf kalsiyum fosfat nanokompleksi seklinde stabilize edebilmektedir. Kazein sut, yogurt, cikolata gibi besinlerde bulunmasinin yani sira kazein fosfopeptit amorf kalsiyum fosfat nanokompleksi olarak bircok dis bakim urunu (dis macunu, gargara, sakiz) ve dolgu materyalleri (kompozit rezin, cam iyonomer siman, fissur ortucu) icerisinde de kullanilmaktadir. Bu urunler, dis sert dokularinda demineralizasyonu onleyerek ve remineralizasyonu arttirarak baslangic curuklerinden korunmada, dental erozyon olusumunun onlenmesinde ve tedavisinde buyuk rol oynamaktadir. Bu derlemenin amaci, kazein iceren besinler ve dental urunler hakkinda guncel bilgiler sunmaktir
The prediction of psychological well-being according to family function and basic psychological needs of students

Introduction: This research studies the prediction of psychological well-being according to family functioning and essential psychological needs among the students of high school in the second grade of Tehran city. Materials and Methods: The research population of the study consisted of the whole female student of the second grade of high school in Tehran during the academic year 2014-2015. 254 female students were selected according to random sampling method from the district 3, 8, 15 and 18 in Tehran and Reef psychological well-being questionnaire including 54 questions, family functioning questionnaire including 45 questions (FADI) and essential psychological needs questionnaire were distributed among them and in order to identify the ration of each variable’s functionality i.e. psychological well-being, family functioning and essential psychological needs the students completed the questionnaires. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed via hierarchical and multiple regression and corelation tests. Results: The findings showed that there were significant relationships among family functioning and essential psychological needs and psychological well-being. Conclusion: The factor emotion expression from the family functioning variable and the aspects autonomy and competence from the essential psychological needs can be regarded as good predictions for the psychological well-being.
Neurofeedback Training Intervention for Enhancing Working Memory Function in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Chinese Students

Our study aimed to develop a neurofeedback training programme for enhancing the EEG-based alpha band and executive working memory. The study design is pre-test/post-test Control Group (CG), and analyses were limited to those randomized to the neurofeedback intervention. The sample were ADHD students below 15 years of age (7-14 years), of whom 10 completed the 5-week training assessment in the experimental group (EG), whereas 9 completed the assessment in the CG, students from elementary and secondary schools referred to a Chinese psychiatry clinic. The average age of the sample was 13.48 years in the EG. The findings showed the beneficial effects of neurofeedback training, which improved in ADHD students. These findings revealed that most of the working memory function measurements exhibited significant differences between the EG and CG. A neurofeedback training programme enhances the working memory function in ADHD students.