Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Risk Factors for Cognitive Dysfunction in Disabled Elderly Patients in Chengdu, China

Background With the aging population comes an increase in functional disability that leads to dependency and institutionalization, as well as social, medical, and economic challenges. This study aimed to classify and assess the factors affecting cognitive deficits in disabled elderly people. Material/Methods Disabled patients ≥60 years old were assessed by face-to-face cross-sectional surveys, which were conducted using advanced peer-to-peer software. The ability to perform daily life tasks was assessed using the Modified Barthel Index. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-cognitive assessment instrument. Using these surveys, 9471 individuals were included in this study. The rank-sum test was used to investigate differences between groups. Disordered multi-class logistic regression was used to correct related confounding factors for multivariate analysis. Results The ratios of normal cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia were 3.71%, 38.59%, and 57.70%, respectively. The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that older individuals (≥80 years), women, illiterate individuals, and lonely persons were more prone to dementia. Moreover, a history of hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, and fractures were significantly associated with dementia. Conclusions The proportion of dementia in the elderly disabled patients is very high (57.7%) in Chengdu City. Age (≥80 years), female sex, education level (illiterate individuals), living conditions, and chronic disease were closely correlated with cognitive functions.
Scaling of digestive efficiency with body mass in Neotoma

1. Previous authors have suggested that larger animals are more efficient at extracting energy and nutrients from food resources because of their more favourable metabolic rate to gut capacity ratio (MR/GC). For herbivores in particular, the utilization of low quality vegetation becomes progressively more difficult with decreasing size because of the time-dependent nature of the microbial fermentation of plant fibre. 2. The relationship between fibre digestibility, a measure of digestive efficiency important to herbivores, and body size was investigated for three species of Neotoma. Animals ranged in mass from 80 to 400 g. A diagram was constructed which reflected allometric predictions, but also incorporated several mediating factors, such as intake and food sorting behaviour. Because of the high correlations between the variables, path analysis was utilized to evaluate the relative importance of each factor in affecting fibre digestibility. 3. Overall, a low correlation (0.105) was found between fibre digestibility and body mass. Path analysis revealed that this low correlation could be partitioned into a relatively strong direct influence of body mass (0.761) and opposing indirect effects through intake and food sorting (-0.563 and -0.094, respectively). 4. While it is clear from the analysis that body mass is of critical importance in influencing fibre fermentation, actual ecological or evolutionary implications are more difficult to assess. It is plausible, for example, that the apparent propensity towards insular gigantism common among small herbivores is at least partially the result of selection acting on digestive efficiency
Rapid watershed assessment tools based on high-resolution terrain data

PURPOSE : The goal of this project was to develop rapid watershed assessment methods to estimate channel stability and sediment transport potential using high resolution terrain data (Light Detection and Ranging-LiDAR) to support US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) watershed planning. This project developed a suite of tools based on advanced remote sensing technologies (LiDAR) that use off-the-shelf, high-resolution terrain data to rapidly assess watershed condition at the channel, floodplain, valley, and watershed scales. The widespread availability of high-resolution terrain data provides an opportunity to assess watershed conditions in great detail over large spatial extents. Automated geomorphometric tools for extracting key floodplain, valley, and watershed scale metrics are widely developed and available. However, existing toolsets have yet to automate and identify many of the well-established fluvial geomorphological metrics and related empirical relationships at the channel scale. The metrics include width-to-depth and entrenchment ratios, sinuosity, meander wavelength, belt width, and others. For this project, a channel assessment method was developed using a new LiDAR-Hydraulic Geometry Relationships (HGR)-based approach for developing regional curves (Haring et al. 2019). Regional curves relate bankfull channel dimensions and discharge to watershed drainage area and are the basis for analyzing and defining channel metrics at large spatial scales within a watershed for this rapid watershed assessment method. If regional or LiDAR-HGR curves are unavailable for a study area, additional channel assessment methods are in development that use existing hydraulic model depth grids and existing channel surveys for analyzing and defining channel metrics. The goals and objectives of this project are the following:
Design Approach for Compact Dual-Band Dual-Mode Patch Antenna With Flexible Frequency Ratio

This communication presents an effective approach to design the dual-band dual-mode (DBDM) patch antenna with flexible frequency ratio, wide achievable range, and compact configuration. Initially, the TM00 and TM10 modes of such an antenna are theoretically studied based on the transmission-line model. It is revealed that the lower resonant frequency of the TM00 mode could be effectively reallocated by properly introducing the inductance at its center. Meanwhile, the upper resonant frequency of TM10 mode remains unaffected during this process. This theoretical analysis provides a physical insight into its working mechanism. Then, a set of shorting pins is symmetrically loaded in the center of the patch radiator to make use of their equivalent inductance for flexible control of its operating frequency. After parametric analysis is extensively executed, a unified design procedure is summarized. With these arrangements, a wide frequency ratio of two operating bands could be flexibly realized in a range from 1.38 to 3.36. Finally, two DBDM antennas with the same patch contour but distinct frequency ratio, i.e., 1.38 and 3.36, are designed, fabricated, and tested. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement with each other, thereby certifying the validity of the proposed method. All these results indicate that the proposed design approach with flexible frequency ratio, wide achievable range, concise procedure, and compact configuration could be widely applied to the modern communication systems.
A condition-based preventive replacement policy with imperfect manual inspection for a two-stage deterioration process

This article proposes a novel preventive replacement policy based on condition monitoring and imperfect manual inspection for systems subject to a two-stage deterioration process, where the two-stage deterioration process is modeled by the white noise process and Brownian motion with a drift, respectively. The proposed preventive replacement policy is implemented using two thresholds: a failure threshold and a preventive threshold. Specifically, if the condition monitoring measurement is observed to cross the failure threshold, then the failure replacement will be carried out; and, if the condition monitoring measurement is observed to cross the preventive threshold while lower than the failure threshold, then the system needs to be checked by manual inspection, and the preventive replacement will be carried out once the system is found to be in the defective state. In this article, we consider that manual inspection is imperfect, namely, there is a probability that the defect will be unnoticed. By minimizing the expected cost per unit time, we obtain the optimal condition monitoring interval and preventive threshold. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed condition-based replacement policy. Comparisons are made with the existing work, which shows the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed policy.
Constitutive overactivation of protein kinase C in guinea pig brain increases α‐secretory APP processing without decreasing β‐amyloid generation

Whilst it is generally accepted that the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) increases amyloid precursor protein (APP) secretion in vitro, the role of PKC in the regulation of APP processing and β‐amyloid generation in vivo is still not well understood. In order to address this question, we established the animal model of neocortical microencephalopathy in guinea pigs caused by in utero treatment with methylazoxymethanol acetate, a DNA‐methylating substance that eliminates proliferating cells of neuroepithelial origin. The induction of this neocortical malformation is accompanied by constitutive overactivation of PKC in the neocortex of the offspring. In the cortical and hippocampal tissues of juvenile microencephalic guinea pigs (postnatal day 30), we observed significant increases in basal (by 58% and 74%, respectively,) and phorbol ester‐stimulated PKC enzyme activity (by 47% and 71%) as compared to age‐matched control animals. In the same cortical/hippocampal preparations of methylazoxymethanol‐treated animals, there was increased α‐secretion of APP by 35% and 30% as measured by Western blot analysis using the antibody 6E10, whilst total APP secretion as well as APP mRNA expression remained unaltered. This upregulation of APP α‐secretion was limited to brain areas that displayed elevated PKC activity. However, constitutive overactivation of neocortical PKC did not affect the generation of β‐amyloid peptides 1–40 or 1–42 as measured by ELISA, suggesting that only the α‐secretase pathway of APP processing is affected by chronic PKC overactivation in vivo.
Assessment of AMSR2 Ice Extent and Ice Edge in the Arctic Using IMS

This work assesses the AMSR2 (the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) ice extent and ice edge in the Arctic using the ice extent products of NOAA’s Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) from the period of July 2015 to July 2019. Daily values and monthly means of four statistical scores (hit rate, false alarm ratio, false alarm rate, and Hanssen-Kuiper Skill Score) over the Arctic Ocean show distinct annual cycles. IMS ice edges often extend further south compared to those from AMSR2, with up to 100 km differences over the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas in August and September.
Konzepte für Tragstrukturen von Windenergieanlagen an Beispielen

Anhand dreier Beispiele aus eigener Forschung und Entwicklung werden Herausforderungen und Potenziale im Bereich der Planung und Konzeption innovativer Tragstrukturen für Windenergieanlagen dargestellt. Dabei ist die Ermüdung ein zentrales Thema. Durch die windrichtungsscharfe Bestimmung der Beanspruchungszyklen, die aus den Betriebslasten resultieren, lassen sich die berechneten Schädigungswerte gegenüber einer monodirektionalen Windmodellierung deutlich reduzieren. Durch die Nutzung automatisierter Berechnungswerkzeuge können in der Phase des Variantenstudiums auch Modelle für besonders hohe Gittermasten numerisch generiert und hinsichtlich Entwurf und Bemessung optimiert werden. Ein wichtiger Punkt ist, dass die deutlichsten Kosteneinsparungen bei Turmtragwerken sehr großer Höhen im Bereich von „Selbsterrichtungskonzepten“ erzielt werden, worauf der Beitrag auch eingeht. Die Randbedingungen dieser Beispiele, die eingeschlagenen Lösungswege sowie eine Auswahl der erzielten Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt.
Species Variability for Fruit Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Abilities in Mulberry

Fruits from five accessions of mulberry (Morussp.) representing Morus nigra, Morus lavigeta, and Morus alba were evaluated for ferric reducing antioxidant potential, diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging ability, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid contents. In fresh fruits, higher antioxidant capacity was found in M. nigra followed by M. lavigeta and the lowest capacity was observed in M. alba. Higher ferric reducing antioxidant potential and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl scavenging capacities were mainly due to higher anthocyanins. Among the black accessions evaluated, Acc. No. 362 and 497 recorded the highest ferric reducing antioxidant potential (4,515.75 and 4,224.24 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity 100 g−1 dry wt, respectively), diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (IC50 values of 0.124 and 0.116 mg−1, respectively), and anthocyanin (4,255.65 and 4,103.93 mg/100 g−1 dry wt, respectively) content when compared to other accessions. Accession number 249 (M. alba) with white colored fruits recorded the lowest antioxidant capacity. A phenolic acid profile of fruits indicated that these accessions are rich in caffeic and gallic acids. Gentisic and protocatechuic acids were also found in fairly good quantities. Dried fruits also recorded very high antioxidant (0.18–2.32 g ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity 100 g−1 dry weight) and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging abilities (IC50 of 0.3–2.98 mg, quantity needed for removing 50% of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radicals). Results indicated that black mulberry fruits could be used for preparation of high antioxidant postharvest products.
Trends in floral scent chemistry in pollination syndromes: floral scent composition in moth-pollinated taxa

We studied an assemblage of 17 species of bird-pollinated Ecuadorian plants (from 14 angiosperm families), including taxa pollinated by short-billed (trochiline) and sickle-billed (hermit) hummingbirds. Hummingbirds are widely supposed to ignore fragrance while visiting flowers. We collected floral headspace odours in order to test the general prediction that specialist hummingbird-pollinated flowers are scentless. In nine out of 17 of these species we failed to detect any odours using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), whereas the remaining eight species produced trace levels of volatile compounds. Most of these odour compounds were of terpenoid or lipoxygenase derivation and are commonly emitted by vegetative as well as floral plant tissues. Further studies will be required to determine whether these weak odours attract alternative pollinators, repel enemies or represent vestiges of a scented ancestry.
Millimeter-Wave Planar Antenna Array Based on Modified Bulk Silicon Micromachining Technology

In this communication, a planar antenna array is proposed in millimeter-wave bands by using a modified bulk silicon micromachining technology. The proposed antenna array is designed and fabricated based on air-filled microstrip line structures. By periodically blocking the microstrip line, fringing electric fields along the microstrip lines are excited in phase, which contributes to achieving high gain performance with a relatively compact feeding structure. Moreover, the proposed antenna array is designed and fabricated by a modified bulk silicon micromachining technology. The process is quite suitable for designing low loss antennas in millimeter-wave bands. In the process, the silicon wafers are deeply etched and gold-plated. As a result, microstrip line structures in the proposed antenna array are filled with air medium, which mitigates dielectric loss and improves radiation efficiency. A prototype of the proposed antenna array is fabricated and tested to verify the design strategy. The dimension of the antenna array is $49.40\times 20.00\times0.75$ mm3. The simulated −10 dB bandwidth is 58.8–59.7 GHz and the measured bandwidth is 58.8–59.5 GHz. In the operating band, the maximum simulated gain of the proposed antenna is 19.8 dBi and the minimum simulated gain is 18.3 dBi. The measurement results illustrate that the maximum gain of the proposed antenna array is 18.8 dBi and the minimum gain is 17.0 dBi.
Stinging Wasps, Ants and Bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Northern Russia

Among Aculeata, only bumblebees (Bombus spp.) have long been popular targets of entomological research in the Russian Arctic, whereas the information on wasps, ants and solitary bees from this region is scarce. Sampling in the surroundings of Nary-an-Mar in the years 2013, 2015 and 2019 yielded 39 species of Aculeata, among which 27 species are for the first time reported from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO). Noteworthy findings include Gorytes neglectus, Lasioglossum boreale, Mimumesa littoralis, Odynerus alpinus and Osmia maritima. Combined with published information, our data increased the fauna of aculeate Hymenoptera of NAO to 61 species. We also list and discuss erroneous or doubtful records of additional 11 species. Collection localities are provided for each species. Based on comparisons with northern Finland and the Murmansk Oblast in Russia we estimate that about 60 additional aculeate species could still be found in NAO.
Development of transgenic chickens expressing bacterial β‐galactosidase

Replication‐defective retroviral vectors are efficient vehicles for the delivery of exogenous genes, and they may be used in the generation of transgenic animals. The replication‐defective retroviral SNTZ vector carrying the lacZ gene with a nuclear localized signal was injected into the subgerminal cavity of freshly laid eggs. Subsequently, the eggs were allowed to hatch, and the chickens were screened for the lacZ gene by using the polymerase chain reaction. Eight of 15 male chickens that survived to sexual maturity contained the lacZ gene in their semen. Subsequently, these males were mated with wild‐type female chickens. From one of the eight lacZ‐positive G0 males, two lacZ‐positive male chickens were produced from a total of 224 G1 progeny for a germline transmission rate of 0.89%. Both G1 male chickens carrying the lacZ gene were mated with wild‐type female chickens and 46.5% of the G2 progeny contained the lacZ gene, which is consistent with the expected Mendelian 50% ratio for a heterozygous dominant allele. The product of the lacZ gene, nuclear localized β‐galactosidase, was expressed in primary myoblast cultures derived from G2 chickens, and it was also expressed in whole G2 chicken embryos. Developmental Dynamics, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IOT in Agricultural Crop Protection and Power Generation

—Agriculture is the science and art of growing plants. Agriculture plays predominant position in the financial improvement of our country and this is the primary profession from many years. To extend the efficiency of the yields and to limit the costs of rural practices we go for smart techniques of agriculture by using IOT technology. Protection of crop during rainy season is major challenge for farmers. By incorporating Greenhouse technology, an environment condition for a crop to grown will created along the various features like sensor based totally monitoring, security, crop safety from excessive rain and automatic roof overlaying facility. Greenhouse is operated in two modes i.e, automatic mode and manual mode. It makes use of telegram app for communicating with the cultivators about various environmental factors continuously. Various sensor nodes are deployed at special locations in the greenhouse. Controlling those parameters are through any remote device or internet services and the operations are completed by means of interfacing sensors, with microcontroller. Power generation and supply is usually a massive problem. This project is also consisting of solar power generation and rainwater harvesting as technology method is implemented along with crop safety.
Effect of recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin on mammary gland synthetic capacity in lactating goats

Zusammenfassung Der Einflus von bovinem Somatotropin auf die Milchsyntheseleistung bei laktierenden Ziegen Vier Ziegen erhielten taglich 9 IU bovines Somatotropin uber 13 Tage in der Mitte ihrer Laktation durch subcutane Injektion. Zwei Ziegen dienten als Kontrolltiere. Bei 3 von 4 behandelten Ziegen wurde die Milchmenge durch die Behandlung gesteigert (+9,60 ± 1,78%, P 0,1). Die Aktivitat der Laktose-Synthetase (EC 2.4.1.22) stieg nicht an. Bei den nicht behandelten Tieren wurde dagegen ein Abfall der Milchleistung und Enzymaktivitaten im gleichen Beobachtungszeitraum gefunden. Der Anstieg der Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase- und Acetyl-CoA-Synthetase-Aktivitaten deutet auf einen Anstieg der de novo-Fettsaurensynthese und einen erhohten Energieumsatz in der Milchdruse der behandelten Tiere. Daraus kann abgeleitet werden, das Somatotropin einige Schlusselenzyme und damit die Synthesekapazitat der Milchdruse stimuliert und so einen galaktopoetischen Effekt ausubt.
Efficient Distributed Preprocessing Model for Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection over Large-Scale Cybersecurity Datasets

New computational and technological paradigms that currently guide developments in the information society, i.e., Internet of things, pervasive technology, or Ubicomp, favor the appearance of new intrusion vectors that can directly affect people’s daily lives. This, together with advances in techniques and methods used for developing new cyber-attacks, exponentially increases the number of cyber threats which affect the information society. Because of this, the development and improvement of technology that assists cybersecurity experts to prevent and detect attacks arose as a fundamental pillar in the field of cybersecurity. Specifically, intrusion detection systems are now a fundamental tool in the provision of services through the internet. However, these systems have certain limitations, i.e., false positives, real-time analytics, etc., which require their operation to be supervised. Therefore, it is necessary to offer architectures and systems that favor an efficient analysis of the data handled by these tools. In this sense, this paper presents a new model of data preprocessing based on a novel distributed computing architecture focused on large-scale datasets such as UGR’16. In addition, the paper analyzes the use of machine learning techniques in order to improve the response and efficiency of the proposed preprocessing model. Thus, the solution developed achieves good results in terms of computer performance. Finally, the proposal shows the adequateness of decision tree algorithms for training a machine learning model by using a large dataset when compared with a multilayer perceptron neural network.