Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
水稻鎘逆境生理之研究：Glutathione、Ascorbic acid 與水楊酸之作用

In this thesis, two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (cv. Taichung Native 1 and cv. Tainung 67, TNG67) were used to study the regulatory role of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) in Cd induced toxicity. Also included in this thesis is the protective effect of salicylic acid (SA) against Cd toxicity of detached leaves of TN1 seedlings. Cd toxicity was judged by leaf chlorosis, the decrease in chlorophyll content and the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results indicated that TNG67 rice seedlings are Cd tolerance and TN1 rice seedlings are Cd-sensitive. The different Cd sensitivities between those two cultivars seem to be regulated by GSH and AsA. This conclusion was based on the observations that (a) CdCl2 treatment resulted in a decrease in GSH and AsA contents of the leaves of TN1 seedlings, but not in those of TNG67 seedlings; (b) exogenous application of GSH, AsA and L-galactono- 1,4-lactone (a precursor of AsA) could decrease the subsequent Cd toxicity in TN1 seedlings; (c) buthionine sulphoximine ( an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, BSO) treatment reduced GSH content as well as Cd tolerance of TNG67 seedlings. Detached TN1 rice leaves pretreated with SA (3 mM) resulted in an increase in H2O2 content. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and imidazloe (IMD), both are NADPH oxidase inhibitor, inhibit SA-induced accumulation of H2O2. SA pretreatment also resulted in an increase in diamine oxidase (DAO) activity. These results suggest that NADPH oxidase and DAO are H2O2-generating enzymes in SA-pretreated detached leaves. On treatment with SA, the antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT, GR, APX) and GSH contents increased, but AsA contents decreased in detached leaves. Evidence was provided to show that SA protects detached rice leaves against paraquat and Cd toxicities.
A Tutorial for Understanding Ecological Modeling Papers for the Nonmodeler

Modeling papers play a crucial role in further ing the science of entomology. In complex ecological systems, modeling can be used to predict outcomes, clarify questions, facilitate computer experiments, and manipulate key variables that would be impossible to do experimentally because of cost, logistics, or ethics. Yet, to many entomologists, models remain the domain of mathematicians, statisticians, and others from more quantitative disciplines. As a result, modeling papers sometimes are ignored by the biologists for whom these papers are written. This is unfortunate because a particular model can provide insights that might help those working on an empirical problem. Conversely, modelers can always benefit from those working closely with the biology of the systems that they are trying to model by fairly assessing the results and assumptions the modelers have used to describe the systems. It is important that both modelers and nonmodelers speak to one another. Modelers, however, seem to have a language of their own: analytic models? simulation models? individually based models? stochastic models? Readers unfamiliar with modeling might wonder how these terms relate to the modeling paper they are trying to understand.
An Adaptationist Framework for Personality Science

The field of personality psychology aspires to construct an overarching theory of human nature and individual differences: one that specifies the psychological mechanisms that underpin both universal and variable aspects of thought, emotion, and behaviour. Here, we argue that the adaptationist toolkit of evolutionary psychology provides a powerful meta–theory for characterizing the psychological mechanisms that give rise to within–person, between–person, and cross–cultural variations. We first outline a mechanism–centred adaptationist framework for personality science, which makes a clear ontological distinction between (i) psychological mechanisms designed to generate behavioural decisions and (ii) heuristic trait concepts that function to perceive, describe, and influence others behaviour and reputation in everyday life. We illustrate the utility of the adaptationist framework by reporting three empirical studies. Each study supports the hypothesis that the anger programme—a putative emotional adaptation—is a behaviour–regulating mechanism whose outputs are described in the parlance of the person description factor called ‘Agreeableness’. We conclude that the most productive way forward is to build theory–based models of specific psychological mechanisms, including their culturally evolved design features, until they constitute a comprehensive depiction of human nature and its multifaceted variations. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
Expression of the β‐Chemokines RANTES and MIP‐1β by Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells in Primary Culture

The mechanisms that regulate inflammatory cell recruitment across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during CNS inflammation have not been fully characterized. Likely players in this process include the chemokines, small secondary messengers of inflammation capable of subset-specific leukocyte activation and chemoattraction. Primary cultures of human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMEC) were examined for their in vitro expression of the beta chemokines RANTES and MIP-1β. Untreated HBMEC expressed low levels of RANTES and MIP-1β RNA that were significantly upregulated following cytokine treatment. Parallel studies performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) showed induction of RANTES but not MIP-1β RNA. Following stimulation with LPS, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β alone or in combination, HBMEC released significant amounts of RANTES and MIP-1β into the culture supernatants. RANTES secretion by HUVEC could be induced only with TNF-α/IFN-γ. Both RANTES and MIP-1β were detected by immunocytochemistry on the apical and basal surfaces of HBMEC, as well as bound to basal lamina-like material under the basal cell surface. Cytokine stimulation induced significant increase of RANTES and MIP-1β molecules associated with the EC surface and subendothelial matrix. The expression of RANTES and MIP-1β by HBMEC suggests that these chemokines may play an important role in mediating inflammatory responses and leukocyte trafficking across the BBB.
To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and lipoprotein abnormalities among siblings of young acute myocardial infarction patients.

Introduction: Despite all available theoretical assumptions, there is no study defining the prevalence of lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities among siblings of young acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients. This is the first such study. Methods: This was a case-control study. A total 110 siblings of young acute MI patients (Group A) and 50 healthy young controls (Group B) were studied for a duration of 2 years. Clinical profiles included age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia for both cases and controls.The primary objective was to study the prevalence of dyslipidemia and lipoprotein abnormalities. The secondary objective was to study the prevalence of conventional risk factors among siblings of young (<45 years) acute MI patients. Results: On analyzing lipid profiles, it was found that total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, ApoB100, ApoB100: ApoA-1 ratio, and lipoprotein (a) were significantly raised in Group A in comparison to Group B. On studying conventional risk factors, it was observed that history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and increased waist circumference were more prevalent in Group A in comparison to Group B. Conclusion: Conventional atherosclerotic risk factors, lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities were significantly more prevalent in siblings of young acute MI patients in comparison to healthy controls and may be an answer to the possible cause of familial clustering in young MI emphasizing the importance of familial screening. Therefore, intensive efforts should be made to identify and alter modifiable risk factors in these cases.
Turkiyc'de Ramusella Hammer, 1962 (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae) turleri icin ilk kayrtlar

Three species belonging to the genus Ramusella of oribatid mites in soil and litter samples collected from Erzurum province, R. (s. str.) puertomonttensis, R. (s. str.) assimilis and R. (lnsculptoppia) elliptica were determined. These were the first records for the Turkish fauna.
Effects of Oviposition Time, Hen Age, and Extra Dietary Calcium on Egg Characteristics and Hatchability

Abstract This study sought to determine the effect of extra dietary calcium, oviposition time, and hen age on eggs produced by a commercial broiler breeder flock at 46 and 65 wk of age. A breeder flock of approximately 15,400 birds (13,900 females) was divided into two groups: no extra calcium supplementation (NC), and extra calcium supplementation (CS). The CS group received a coarse limestone supplement (4g/hen/day) at 16:30 hr. Eggs were collected at 2 hr intervals between 08:00 and 18:00 hr. For both ages, egg weight decreased and specific gravity increased as time of laying became later in the day. Egg specific gravity, fertility, embryo viability, and hatchability declined with hen age. At 46 wk of age specific gravity (SG) rose slightly but significantly when the calcium supplement was provided. Added calcium had no statistically significant effect on other variables studied. At 65 wk of age, SG and egg weight loss during incubation were the only variables not influenced by the calcium supplementation. Egg weight, fertility, embryo viability, and hatchability were significantly (P
Myosonography: An Easy and Painless Technique to Detect Tongue Fasciculations

550 A 58-year-old woman was diagnosed with motor neuron disease (ALS) of 8-month duration. Examination showed spastic dysarthria, atrophic tongue, diffuse fibrillations, mild wasting, and weakness of intrinsic muscles of hands, brisk tendon jerks, and bilateral flexor plantar response. Nerve conduction study was normal. Needle electromyography (EMG) of tongue showed diffuse fibrillations (40–50 Hz) and no fasciculation [Video 1]. High-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) of the tongue was done with 12–3 MHz linear transducer as shown in Figure 1a. The B-mode scan showed fasciculations appearing as involuntary twitching of small parts of resting genioglossus [Video 2] within 30 s. The M-mode scan showed irregular vertical cracks corresponding to each fasciculation [Figure 1b]. HRUS also revealed fasciculations in bilateral deltoid, biceps, triceps, and brachioradialis which were absent on EMG.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Secondary to Bacterial Infections

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) secondary to infectious aetiology has become rare in the antibiotic era, but is still encountered in clinical practice occasionally. In this study, we describe the clinical profile, diagnosis, and management of patients with CVT secondary to an infectious aetiology. Methods: This retrospective study included all adult patients over 15 years (1 January 2002 to 1 January 2017). Adult patients with a diagnosis of infective CVT secondary to bacterial infections were included in the study. Results: Totally, 22 patients were identified with CVT complicating bacterial infections. The focus of infection in 12 (54.54%) patients was pyogenic meningitis, 9 (40.9%) patients had a parameningeal focus and one patient developed CVT secondary to bacterial sepsis from a remote focus. Fever was the most common symptom seen in 77.3% followed by headache and depressed sensorium in 72.7% and 63.6%, respectively. The most common organism in the meningitis group was Streptococcus species, and in the parameningeal group was Staphylococcus aureus. At presentation MRI identified CVT in all 7 patients as compared to CT brain with contrast in 2/3 (66.6%). Transverse sinus was the most commonly involved sinus in meningitis. All patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics and anticoagulation was used in 50% of the patients. The in hospital, mortaility was 9%. Conclusion: Septic CVT, though rare can be a complication of bacterial meningitis and facial infections. Clinical symptoms that suggest a co-existing CVT should be identified and diagnosed at the earliest. The mainstay of treatment is antibiotics; the role of anticoagulation is controversial.
Patent ductus arteriosus treatment in preterm neonates, which is the drug of choice paracetamol vs ibuprofen?

Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most prevalent problems in preterm infants. Although ibuprofen represents one of the choices for the closure of PDA, this treatment can cause severe gastrointestinal and adverse renal effects and worsen platelet function. Effective therapy for PDA had been suggested as paracetamol. Aim Our study is aiming to compare the efficacy and safety of paracetamol and ibuprofen. Patients and methods A prospective observational, single-center study was performed from December 2016 until August 2017, at ElGalaa Teaching Hospital in Cairo. In this study we included neonates with a gestational age of 28–36 weeks, diagnosed with a significant hemodynamically PDA using clinical and ultrasonographic cardiac evaluation. The pediatric cardiologist performed an echocardiographic examination before the start of the treatment and after seven days. Results We found that paracetamol had good efficacy on PDA in preterm infants, and the closure rate of paracetamol was comparable to that of ibuprofen. Conclusion Paracetamol may confer comparable treatment efficacy for the closure of PDA to ibuprofen, although paracetamol is associated with lower risk of adverse events.
The Provident Sea

Preface Units used in the text 1. Fisheries in prehistory and in antiquity 2. The preindustrial fisheries 3. The cod fishery off Newfoundland 1502-1938 4. The North Sea herring fishery 5. The first industrialization of fisheries 6. The great whales 7. The Pribilov fur seal fishery 8. The Newfoundland harp seal fishery 9. The origins of fisheries science 10. Institutions before the Second World War 11. Fisheries research 1945-65 12. Institutions between 1945 and 1965 13. The second industrialization 14. Fisheries research since 1965 15. Institutions since 1977 16. The provident sea References Index.
Impacts of Translocation on Behavior and Survival of Timber Rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus

The impact of translocation on timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) was assessed experi- mentally by moving 11 specimens distances of between 8 km and 172 km away from their native popula- tions and releasing them into a study area having a resident rattlesnake population. All translocated snakes were equipped with radio transmitters, and their behavior, survival, and interaction with resident snakes were observed. Eighteen resident snakes were also telemetrically monitored during the fouryear study. Six of the 11 (54.5%) translocated snakes are known to have died while only 2 of the 18 (11.1%) resident snakes experienced mortality during the period they were radiotracked. Of the six translocated specimens that died, three experienced overwinter mortality despite their location of resident hibernacula, two were killed by predators, and one died from disease. The mean daily survival rate of translocated snakes (0.9973) was significantly lower than that of resident snakes (0.9993). Translocated snakes selected habitats similar to that of residents, foraged successfully, and maintained body mass. However, translocated snakes exhibited atyp- ical movement patterns consisting of extensive and long-distance traveling. The six translocated male rat- tlesnakes averaged 15,017 m (SE = 2184.3) in total distance traveled from release until hibernation with daily movements of 123.8 m (SE = 19.40) and convex polygon activity range areas of 600.6 ha (SE = 253.0). Comparatively, the total active season distance traveled by the seven resident male rattlesnakes averaged only 5575 m (SE = 936.5) with mean daily movements of 36.9 m (SE = 5.36) and convex polygon activity ranges of 59.9 ha (SE = 13.04). Mean activity parameters 3 to 5 times larger than those of resident snakes were also typical for translocated female rattlesnakes. Translocated snakes located active hibernacula ap- parently by following resident snakes; however, their overwintering mortality was higher than that of res- idents. Translocated snakes that successfully survived the first overwinter period continued to exhibit more extensive movements in their second active season than did residents. However, there was evidence of the establishment of a more resident-like pattern of movement among these specimens during the second year. Translocation of adult snakes is not recommended as a standard conservation practice because of its im- mediate and long-term negative impacts.
Simultaneous Assessment of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Mice Using Passive Infrared Sensors: A User's Guide

The 24‐hr cycle of activity and sleep provides perhaps the most familiar example of circadian rhythms. In mammals, circadian activity rhythms are generated by a master biological clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). This clock is synchronized (entrained) to the external light environment via light input from retinal photoreceptors. However, sleep is not a simple circadian output and also is regulated by a homeostatic process whereby extended wakefulness increases the need for subsequent sleep. As such, the amount and distribution of sleep depends upon the interaction between both circadian and homeostatic processes. Moreover, the study of circadian activity and sleep is not confined only to these specialized fields. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption is common in many conditions, ranging from neurological and metabolic disorders to aging. Such disruption is associated with a range of negative consequences including cognitive impairment and mood disorders, as well as immune and metabolic dysfunction. As circadian activity and sleep are hallmarks of normal healthy physiology, they also provide valuable welfare indicators. However, traditional methods for the monitoring of circadian rhythms and sleep in mice can require separate specialized resources as well as significant expertise. Here, we outline a low‐cost, non‐invasive, and open‐source method for the simultaneous assessment of circadian activity and sleep in mice. This protocol describes both the assembly of the hardware used and the capture and analysis of data without the need for expertise in electronics or data processing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Predicting Early Warning Signs of Psychotic Relapse From Passive Sensing Data: An Approach Using Encoder-Decoder Neural Networks

Background Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are chronic conditions, but the severity of symptomatic experiences and functional impairments vacillate over the course of illness. Developing unobtrusive remote monitoring systems to detect early warning signs of impending symptomatic relapses would allow clinicians to intervene before the patient’s condition worsens. Objective In this study, we aim to create the first models, exclusively using passive sensing data from a smartphone, to predict behavioral anomalies that could indicate early warning signs of a psychotic relapse. Methods Data used to train and test the models were collected during the CrossCheck study. Hourly features derived from smartphone passive sensing data were extracted from 60 patients with SSDs (42 nonrelapse and 18 relapse >1 time throughout the study) and used to train models and test performance. We trained 2 types of encoder-decoder neural network models and a clustering-based local outlier factor model to predict behavioral anomalies that occurred within the 30-day period before a participant's date of relapse (the near relapse period). Models were trained to recreate participant behavior on days of relative health (DRH, outside of the near relapse period), following which a threshold to the recreation error was applied to predict anomalies. The neural network model architecture and the percentage of relapse participant data used to train all models were varied. Results A total of 20,137 days of collected data were analyzed, with 726 days of data (0.037%) within any 30-day near relapse period. The best performing model used a fully connected neural network autoencoder architecture and achieved a median sensitivity of 0.25 (IQR 0.15-1.00) and specificity of 0.88 (IQR 0.14-0.96; a median 108% increase in behavioral anomalies near relapse). We conducted a post hoc analysis using the best performing model to identify behavioral features that had a medium-to-large effect (Cohen d>0.5) in distinguishing anomalies near relapse from DRH among 4 participants who relapsed multiple times throughout the study. Qualitative validation using clinical notes collected during the original CrossCheck study showed that the identified features from our analysis were presented to clinicians during relapse events. Conclusions Our proposed method predicted a higher rate of anomalies in patients with SSDs within the 30-day near relapse period and can be used to uncover individual-level behaviors that change before relapse. This approach will enable technologists and clinicians to build unobtrusive digital mental health tools that can predict incipient relapse in SSDs.
Early parenting is associated with the developing brains of children born very preterm

Abstract Objective Examine relationships between parenting and brain structure and growth in children born very preterm (VPT). Methods Participants were 118 children born VPT (<30weeks’ gestation or <1,250 g birth weight) and their parents. Parenting behavior was observed at 2 years’ corrected age. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed at term equivalent age and 7 years’ corrected age with brain volumes and white matter microstructure analyzed. Results More sensitive parenting at 2 years was associated with larger basal ganglia volumes at 7 years for boys, greater growth in basal ganglia volume from term to 7 years, and greater growth in amygdala volume growth for boys. More intrusive parenting was associated with smaller intracranial and grey matter volumes at 7 years, as well as lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity in the cerebellar white matter, cerebral peduncle, corticospinal tract, anterior thalamic radiation, and superior longitudinal fasciculus at 7. Conclusions Early positive parenting may be more strongly associated with subcortical brain development for boys born VPT, while early intrusive parenting may be associated with smaller cortical brain volumes and altered white matter microstructure in children born VPT.
Evaluation of the effect of narrative writing on the stress sources of the fathers of preterm neonates admitted to the NICU

Abstract Objective Identification of the nurses and fathers’ understanding of the stress sources facilitates nursing interventions and increases parental satisfaction. Materials and methods The quasi experimental study with pretest and posttest was administered to a sample size of 70 fathers with preterm neonates hospitalized in the NICUs of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences in 6 months. The Parental Stressor Scale (PSS) was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results Evaluation of the differences in the domains showed that narrative writing had significant effects on all three domains. The results showed that the highest stress reduction was observed in parents’ relationship followed by infant behavior and appearance while the lowest stress reduction was observed in the sights and sounds in the intervention group. Conclusion Narrative writing may be considered an efficient supportive intervention to reduce the fathers’ stress, infant behavior and appearance in the NICUs.