Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges Hindering the Implementation of Preventive Maintenance in Hotels in Kenya

In Kenya, the hospitality industry is regulated by the central government and all hotels are categorized into five classifications (1-Star to 5-Star). The classification and ranking of the hotels reflect the operational standards and also the level of asset management and maintenance systems in the industry as a whole. The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges affecting the implementation of preventive maintenance in the hotel establishments. The target population was five town hotels in the range of 3-Star to 5-Star in Nairobi, Kisumu, Nakuru and Eldoret towns. Purposive sampling was used to select the study area, while stratified and simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. The study sample was 100 respondents consisting of middle management, supervisors and personnel in the production and service delivery sections. Miles and Snow Generic Business-Level Strategies model was used to guide the study. Questionnaire was the main data collection instrument and data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), Spearman rank correlation and ? 2 test analysis. The study concluded that challenges do exist in the hotels in the implementation of preventive maintenance programmes in an unplanned and unstructured manner coupled with inconsistent staff training. The paper proposes that for a sustainable and continuous production and service delivery in Kenyan hotels, there is need for adoption of preventive maintenance and asset management programmes.
Absorción acústica a incidencia normal de espumas de aluminio

En este articulo se presentan los primeros resultados de absorcion acustica a incidencia normal de espumas de aluminio fabricadas mediante una tecnica pulvimetalurgica. El interes de estas espumas radica en que en ellas se combinan interesantes propiedades acusticas y mecanicas. Se estudian espumas de aluminio de distinta morfologia superficial conseguida variando el tipo de precursor y usando materiales de relleno durante el proceso de espumacion. Se muestra un estudio comparativo de las espumas fabricadas mediante esta tecnica con las espumas comerciales ALPORAS. Las espumas de menor densidad presentan una absorcion acustica comparable a la de las comerciales ALPORAS. ABSTRACT. In this paper, the first experimental data of acoustic absorption at normal incidence in aluminum foams generated by a metallurgic technique are presented. The interest of this kind of structures is due to the combination of mechanical and acoustic properties. By changing the precursor type or using filling materials during the foaming process, we have obtained aluminum foams with different surface morphologies. A comparative study between foams fabricated using this technique and ALPORAS commercial aluminum foams is shown. The foams which present the lower density show an acoustic absorption comparable to the ALPORAS commercial ones.
A SYSTEMATIC SURVEY FOR BROADENED CO EMISSION TOWARD GALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANTS

We present molecular spectroscopy toward 50 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) taken at millimeter wavelengths in 12CO J = 2 − 1. These observations are part of a systematic survey for broad molecular line (BML) regions indicative of interactions with molecular clouds (MCs). We detected BML regions toward 19 SNRs, including 9 newly identified BML regions associated with SNRs (G08.3–0.0, G09.9–0.8, G11.2–0.3, G12.2+0.3, G18.6–0.2, G23.6+0.3, 4C–04.71, G29.6+0.1, and G32.4+0.1). The remaining 10 SNRs with BML regions confirm previous evidence for MC interaction in most cases (G16.7+0.1, Kes 75, 3C 391, Kes 79, 3C 396, 3C 397, W49B, Cas A, and IC 443), although we confirm that the BML region toward HB 3 is associated with the W3(OH) H ii region, not the SNR. Based on the systemic velocity of each MC, molecular line diagnostics, and cloud morphology, we test whether these detections represent SNR–MC interactions. One of the targets (G54.1+0.3) had previous indications of a BML region, but we did not detect broadened emission toward it. Although broadened 12CO J = 2 − 1 line emission should be detectable toward virtually all SNR–MC interactions, we find relatively few examples; therefore, the number of interactions is low. This result favors mechanisms other than supernova feedback as the basic trigger for star formation. In addition, we find no significant association between TeV gamma-ray sources and MC interactions, contrary to predictions that SNR–MC interfaces are the primary venues for cosmic ray acceleration.
An Experiment on Markets and Contracts: Do Social Preferences Determine Corporate Culture?

This paper reports experimental evidence on a stylized labor market. The experiment is designed as a sequence of three treatments. In the last treatment, TR3, four principals,who face four teams of two agents, compete by offering the agents a contract from a fixed menu. In this menu, each contract is the optimal solution of a (complete information) mechanism design problem where principals face agents? who have social (i.e. interdependent) distributional preferences a? la Fehr and Schmidt [19] with a specific parametrization. Each agent selects one of the available contracts offered by the principals (i.e. he ? chooses to work? for a principal). Production is determined by the outcome of a simple effort game induced by the chosen contract. In the first two treatments, TR1 and TR2, we estimate individual social preference parameters and beliefs in the effort game, respectively. We find that social preferences are significant determinants of the matching process between labor supply and demand in the market stage, as well as principals? and agents? contract and effort decisions. In addition, we also see that social preferences explain the matching process in the labor market, as agents display a higher propensity to choose to work for a principal with similar distributional preferences.
The half-bridge SiC-MOSFET switching cell : implementation in a three phase motor drive

In this paper, the concept of the Half-Bridge SiCMOSFET Switching Cell (HB-SC), and its design and test procedures are explained. The HB-SC serves as the basic switching element of scalable power electronic converter. The HB-SC combines the power semiconductor switch, optimized power layout, gate driver, and management circuitry (measurement, protection, and interface blocks). Keywords—SiC-MOSFET; integrated switch; half-bridge inverter leg; power layout for high switching speed applications; three-phase inverter
The Impact of Carbon Tax Application on the Economy and Environment of Indonesia

Abstract As the most efficient market with a mitigation instrument basis, carbon tax is highly recommended by economists and international organizations. This paper examines the impact of implementing carbon tax policy on value of change in GDP, GDP Quantity Index, Government Household Demand, Private Household Demand, and CO2emission effects in Indonesia by using the dynamic energy Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. This study used GTAP-E that was part of GTAP 9 in 2011. GTAP-E consists of 140 countries and 57 sectors aggregated into eleven regions and eight sectors. There were three scenarios of carbon tax used in this paper that were China, Singapore, and India. The result shows that both GDP and GDP index have a negative impact due to the carbon tax of US $20/tCO2, US$ 10/tCO2, and US $1.60/t CO2. The greater the application of the carbon tax is, the greater the decrease of values of GDP, Government Household Demand, Private Household Demand towards carbon tax policies in Indonesia are. The negative impact of carbon tax is greater for the Private Household Demand that is indicated by all commodities except crude oil has decreasing demand from baseline scenario (no tax). While in the Government Household Demand, agriculture sector, crude oil, refined oil product, and other industries, carbon tax has a positive impact. In the environmental facet, if the carbon tax in Indonesia is implemented in accordance with the above simulation, then it appears that carbon tax can reduce emissions of CO2.
Clinical Predictors of Intensive Care Unit Admission for Asthmatic Children

IntroductionChildren with severe asthma attack are a challenging group of patients who could be difficult to treat and leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Asthma attack severity is qualitatively estimated as mild, moderate and severe attacks and respiratory failure based on conditions such as respiration status, feeling of dyspnea, and the degree of unconsciousness. part of which are subjective rather than objective. We investigated clinical findings as predictors of severe attack and probable requirement for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission.Materials and MethodsIn a cross sectional and analytical study 120 patients with asthma attack were enrolled from April 2010 to April 2014 (80 admitted in the ward and 40 in pediatric intensive care unit). Predictors of PICU admission were investigated regarding to initial heart rate(HR), respiratory rate (RR), Arterial Oxygen Saturation(SaO2) and PaCo2 and clinically evident cyanosis.ResultsInitial heart rate(p-value=0.02), respiratory rate (p-value=0.03), Arterial Oxygen Saturation(p-value=0.02) and PaCo2(p-value=0.03) and clinically evident cyanosis were significantly different in two groups(Ward admitted and PICU admitted)Conclusion There was a significant correlation between initial vital sign and blood gas analysis suggesting usefulness of these factors as predictors of severe asthma attack and subsequent clinical course.
THE EFFECTIVITY TEST OF SHEEP RUMEN LIQUOR ENZYME ADDED TO PALM KERNEL MEAL ON ITS DECREASE OF CRUDE FIBER AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENT FOR CATFISH Pangasius hypophthalmus DIET

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis of fiber content in palm kernel meal (PKM) by sheep rumen liquor enzyme and to know the apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM for catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus . The first trial examined effectivity of sheep rumen liquor enzyme to decrease crude fiber content of PKM. The added volume of sheep rumen liquor enzyme was 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mL/kg PKM and then it was incubated for 0, 12, and 24 hours. A factorial completely randomized experimental design consisted of 2 variables and triplicates were selected. The second trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of hydrolized PKM for catfish. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined using chromic oxide indicator added to both reference and test diets. The feed ingredients used in the trial were hydrolyzed PKM (PKMe) and unhydrolyzed PKM (PKM). Ten fishes with weighing around 20 g were used in the trial and held in 80 l tanks. Feces were collected from three replicate groups of fish using a fecal collection column attached to fish rearing tank. PKM hydrolyzed with 100 mL/kg and incubated for 24 hour showed the lowest crude fiber content (6.99%) among the treatments (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM was 57.57% compared with unhydrolyzed PKM 15.31%. Based on the evaluation in those parameters it was concluded that sheep rumen liquor enzyme added to PKM was effective to decrease crude fiber content of PKM and improve apparent digestibility coefficient of PKM for catfish.
Exact Solutions to aClass of FeedbackSystemson

This paper provides a novel approach to the problem of attitude tracking for a class of almost globally asymptotically stable feedback laws on SO(n). The closed-loop systems are solved exactly for the rotation matrices as explicit functions of time, the initial conditions, and the gain parameters of the control laws. The exact solutions provide insight into the transient dynamics of the system and can be used to prove almost global attractiveness of the identity matrix. Applications of these results are found in model predictive control problems where detailed insight into the transient attitude dynamics is utilized to approximately complete a task of secondary importance. Knowledge of the future trajectory of the states can also be used as an alternative to the zero-order hold in systems where the attitude is sampled at discrete time instances.
Gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics of buffalo diets containing by-product from some sorghum varieties.

Sorghum is one of potencial fibre sources as buffalo feed. Quality of sorghum could be increased by irradiation mutation breeding. Samurai 1 and Samurai 2 were products of the irradiation mutation breeding of Pahat. This study was conducted to compare buffalo diets containing Samurai 2 sorghum straw and Samurai 1 bagasse sorghum compared with Pahat sorghum straw using in vitro study. Completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications was applied in this experiment. The treatment diets were P1 (50% Pahat sorghum straw + 50% concentrate), P2 (50% Pahat sorghum straw silage + 50% concentrate), P3 (50% Samurai 2 sorghum straw + 50% concentrate), P4 (50% Samurai 2 sorghum straw silage + 50% concentrate), P5 (50% Samurai 1 sorghum bagasse + 50% concentrate) and P6 (50% Samurai 1 sorghum bagasse silage + 50% concentrate). The 200 mg DM samples of diets were incubated in 30 ml rumen-buffer fluid for 48 hours. Variables measured were total gas production, CH4 production and rumen fermentation characteristics. Results showed that P2 and P4 produce the highest of gas production (P<0.05) with 60.99 and 60.86 ml/200 mg dry matter respectively. Treatments of P1, P2 and P4 produced the lowest CH4 concentration (P<0.05) with 10.57, 10.90 and 9.82% of total gas, respectively. The P4 produced the highest total volatile fatty acids (VFA), dry matter degradability and organic matter degradability with 109.83 mM, 62.93% and 59.97% respectively, meanwhile ammonia (NH3) concentration was not significantly different. The conclusion showed that straw silage of Samurai 2 was comparable to the Pahat sorghum straw and Samurai 1 bagasse sorghum as buffalo diet. Key Words: Buffalo, CH4 Concentration, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, Sorghum
Particulate emissions from commercial shipping: Chemical, physical, and optical properties

provide chemical and physical characteristics including sulfate (SO4� ) mass, organic matter (OM) mass, black carbon (BC) mass, particulate matter (PM) mass, number concentrations (condensation nuclei (CN) > 5 nm), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Optical characterization included multiple wavelength visible light absorption and extinction, extinction relative humidity dependence, and single scatter albedo (SSA). The global contribution of shipping PM was calculated to be 0.90 Tg a � 1 , in good agreement with previous inventories (0.91 and 1.13 Tg a � 1 from Eyring et al. (2005a) and Wang et al. [2008]). Observed PM composition was 46% SO4� , 39% OM, and 15% BC and differs from inventories that used 81%, 14%, and 5% and 31%, 63%, and 6% SO4� , OM, and BC, respectively. SO4� and OM mass were found to be dependent on fuel sulfur content as were SSA, hygroscopicity, and CCN concentrations. BC mass was dependent on engine type and combustion efficiency. A plume evolution study conducted on one vessel showed conservation of particle light absorption, decrease in CN > 5 nm, increase in particle hygroscopicity, and an increase in average particle size with distance from emission. These results suggest emission of small nucleation mode particles that subsequently coagulate/condense onto larger BC and OM. This work contributes to an improved understanding of the impacts of ship emissions on climate and air quality and will also assist in determining potential effects of altering fuel standards.
Consequences of Climate Change Damages for Economic Growth

This report focuses on the effects of climate change impacts on economic growth. Simulations with the OECD’s dynamic global general equilibrium model ENV-Linkages assess the consequences of a selected number of climate change impacts in the various world regions at the macroeconomic and sectoral level. This is complemented with an assessment of very long-run implications, using the AD-RICE model. The analysis finds that the effect of climate change impacts on annual global GDP is projected to increase over time, leading to a global GDP loss of 0.7% to 2.5% by 2060 for the most likely equilibrium climate sensitivity range. Underlying these annual global GDP losses are much larger sectoral and regional variations. Agricultural impacts dominate in most regions, while damages from sea level rise gradually become more important. Negative economic consequences are especially large in South and South-East Asia whereas other regions will be less affected and, in some cases, benefit thanks to adjustments from international trade. Emissions to 2060 will have important consequences in later decades and centuries. Simulations with the AD-RICE model suggest that if emissions continue to grow after 2060, annual damages of climate change could reach 1.5%-4.8% of GDP by the end of the century. Some impacts and risks from climate change have not been quantified in this study, including extreme weather events, water stress and large-scale disruptions. These will potentially have large economic consequences, and on balance the costs of inaction presented here likely underestimate the full costs of climate change impacts. More research is needed to assess them as well as the various uncertainties and risks involved. However, this should not delay policy action, but rather induce policy frameworks that are able to deal with new information and with the fact that by their nature some uncertainties and risks will never be resolved.
A rolling analysis on the prediction of value at risk with multivariate GARCH and copula

Risk management has been a crucial part of the daily operations of the financial industry over the past two decades. Value at Risk (VaR), a quantitative measure introduced by JP Morgan in 1995, is the most popular and simplest quantitative measure of risk. VaR has been widely applied to the risk evaluation over all types of financial activities, including portfolio management and asset allocation. This paper uses the implementations of multivariate GARCH models and copula methods to illustrate the performance of a one-day-ahead VaR prediction modeling process for high-dimensional portfolios. Many factors, such as the interaction among included assets, are included in the modeling process. Additionally, empirical data analyses and backtesting results are demonstrated through a rolling analysis, which help capture the instability of parameter estimates. We find that our way of modeling is relatively robust and flexible.
Author Attribution of Arabic Texts Using Extended Probabilistic Context Free Grammar Language Model

Author attribution is the problem of assigning an author to an unknown text. We propose a new approach to solve such a problem using an extended version of the probabilistic context free grammar language model, supplied by more informative lexical and syntactic features. In addition to the probabilities of the production rules in the generated model, we add probabilit ies to terminals, non-terminals, and punctuation marks. Also, the new model is augmented with a scoring function which assigns a score for each p roduction rule. Since the new model contains different features, optimu m weights, found using a genetic algorithm, are added to the model to govern how each feature participates in the classification. The advantage of using many features is to successfully capture the different writ ing styles of authors. Also, using a scoring function identifies the most discriminative ru les. Using optimu m weights supports capturing different authors' styles, which increases the classifier's performance. The new model is tested over nine authors, 20 Arabic documents per author, where the training and testing are done using the leave-one-out method. The initial error rate of the system is 20.6%. Using the optimu m weights for features reduces the error rate to 12.8%.
Future Risk Assessments for the Impact of Climate Change on Vector- Borne Viruses of Livestock: Potential of Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics Approaches - A Review

Climate and habitat change, together with globalisation, are important factors in the emergence of arthropodborne viruses (arboviruses). Changes in the range and abundance of the virus, vectors and hosts may create new combinations of host-pathogen-vector interactions for which data are not available. This paper reviews the genomics data currently available for arboviruses, their vectors and hosts, and assesses the level of understanding of the genetic factors affecting their adaptation to climate. It is anticipated here that genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics approaches may enable the breakdown of the traditional risk assessment pathways into the individual biochemical steps for each of the three interfaces between the virus, vector and host such that future risk assessments could be based on looking for certain gene combinations and their resulting expression profiles. Differences in the virus interaction with the arthropod midgut have been implicated in specifically affecting the extrinsic incubation period for some arboviruses, while differences in viral replication and dissemination through the arthropod may affect vector competence for other arboviruses. Genomics approaches to identify the proteins involved will enhance our understanding of vector competence and may explain why some arbovirus genotypes are more efficiently replicated in the vector at elevated temperatures. Such studies may also reflect the diversity present in real-world systems to a greater extent than experimental systems involving a single combination of vector and virus genotypes. Understanding the genetic basis for tissue tropism will facilitate prediction of new routes of transmission.
CONCENTRATION, MARKET POWER, AND COST EFFICIENCY IN THE CORN SEED INDUSTRY

The paper presents a model developed to examine the effects of industry concentration on market power and cost efficiency in the seed industry. In addition, the paper presents preliminary measures of the relative strengths of these effects for the case of the U.S. corn seed industry over the past 3 decades. The model uses conjectural elasticities and is estimated using data collected from USDA sources. The empirical results allow us to distinguish between the market power and cost effects of concentration, and to ascertain the tradeoff between the cost efficiency and market power resulting from higher concentration in the corn seed industry.
Designing and Implementation of Efficient (2i x j) Reversible RAM-Array Module

In the modern digital-world, power dissipation in microprocessors is becoming a significant challenge for the researchers to design an efficient reversible logic circuit. Thus, study on reversible logic design has been rapidly increased in present days for its application in Nano technology as well as in low energized VLSI design etc. In this current study, have realized a QC (i.e. quantum-cost) efficient (2i x j) reversible RAM array module with (3 x 3) New Modified Fredkin (NMF) reversible gate. Additionally, have introduced a Reversible D-Flip-Flop (RDFF) with less QC, and Reversible (i x 2i) decoder which produces the effective results in terms of QC and garbage-outputs. Finally, the study analyzed the designed architecture in terms of worst case delay.
The Research of Corporate Governance, Industrial Over-investment and Corporate Over-investment

The corporate governance of listed companies is the focus and hot spot of financial research in recent years. Using a sample of A-share listed firms in China for the period 2003-2015, the paper investigates corporate governance on the relationship between industrial over-investment and the over-investment. The results show that: (1) The information transparency restrains the positive relationship between industrial over-investment and the next period of over-investment. (2) Major shareholder increases the positive relationship between industrial over-investment and the over-investment.