Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of energy price stickiness and real wage inflexibility for the time paths of rebound effects

There has been some controversy over the relative sizes of the short- and long-run rebound effects associated with energy efficiency improvements. Theoretical analysis by Wei (2007) and Saunders implied that the rebound effects would always be greater in the long-run than in the short-run. However, Allan et al (2007) and Turner (2009) found evidence from Computable General Equilibrium simulations that contradicted this result. In this paper we systematically explore the impact of energy price stickiness and real wage inflexibility for the evolution of rebound effects. We find that: the degree of energy price, but not wage, stickiness is an important determinant of the time path of rebound effects and of its relative size in the short- and long-runs; and that there is considerable variation in the scale of rebound effects through time, even where short-run rebound effects are lower than in the long-run. However, the most significant finding overall is that rebound reflects the system-wide interaction between energy producing and energy using sectors.
Dietary Self-Selection by Laying Hens Offered Choices of Feed

A short telm dietary self-selection experiment (28 days) was conducted with laying hens fed three treatments (Tl-T3) consisting of a commercially available layer feed (1'1, single choice), commercially available layer feed and oyster shell grit offered separately (T2, two choices) and a com mixture, soyabean meal mixture and oyster shell grit offered sejJarately (T3, three choices). Measurement of feed intake was divided into three feeding periods, from 0800-1200h, 1200-1600h and 1600-0800h. Feed and water' were available ad Ii bitum. Hens were raised under' 15 hour Photo period. Feed, energy and protein intakes were significantly better' on the commercial diet and lower in the other' two treatments. Calcium intake was significantly lower on the single choice and three choice diets. In all treatments, the hens tended to consume more feed during the pel10d between 1600-0800h (40.8-45.8% feed consumed), that is very late in the evening and very early in the morning. Similar amounts of feed (26.2-29.7% of feed consumed) were consumed between 0800-1200h and 1200-1600h. egg production, egg mass and feed conversion were significantly better' on the two and three-choice diets as compared to the single diet. There was no difJeI'ence in egg weight among the three treatments.
The Social Purpose of Corporations

What are corporations for? This paper provides an analytical review of relevant research on this question, and some thoughts on the moral evaluation of corporations. It distinguishes between the concepts of social purpose and corporate purpose. Social purpose concerns the specific contribution that a corporation makes to realis-ing societal goals. Corporate purpose concerns the goals the corporation should actively pursue. Related questions of whether corporations ought to serve a social purpose, whether they ought actively to pursue their corporate purpose, and how to articulate, pursue, and measure corporate purpose are explored. Determining social purpose quickly raises difficult political questions. The arguments for a minimalist or a maximalist approach to social purpose are set out and debated. The authors conducted interviews with 24 business leaders which highlighted frustration at the vague concept of social purpose and exactly how social and corporate purpose relate to each other. There was broad agreement that corporations should serve some social purpose, but not precisely what this might be. The authors outline three reasons why societies become entitled to make claims on corporations, based on the principle of reciprocity. Corporations rely on society's legal system for adjudication and protection. They rely on access to scarce resources that might otherwise be deployed elsewhere, and they are a constant source of social and economic disruption as they undertake their business. Efficiency and market competition are often cited as forces that might steer firms to social purpose, but the paper argues that pervasive market failures suggest that social purpose cannot be left entirely to the corporation. A web of other factors might also obstruct that goal. Likewise, corporate purpose cannot be determined by the corporation alone due to a lack of 'epistemic competence' or the ability to balance and judge competing stakeholder interests, and the fact that corporations interact within political and social structures. The paper considers the societal responsiveness and shared value approaches to articulating corporate purpose, and the shortcomings of these methodologies. One of the most complex challenges is the meaningful measurement of corporate and social purpose. Most current measures of corporate purpose are accounting measures. Social purpose also uses holistic action-guiding measures for environmental, social, and governance impacts. However, none is yet satisfactory, and measurement remains 'the most important condition for giving bite to corporate purpose'.
The Challenges of Internetworking Unattended Autonomous Sensors

Abstract : New paradigms for Network Enabled Capabilities and Network Enabled Warfare, which are being developed by NATO and its member nations, will see the emergence of a new generation of autonomous sensors designed to operate without human supervision, and capable of enhancing system effectiveness by collaborating with neighbouring nodes. Several trade-offs exist between the different components of such resource-limited sensors (e.g. power consumption, processing power, network communications) that have to be taken into account to reach a workable solution that meets the requirements. The design of such innovative sensors will therefore require a holistic approach, to realize a balanced compromise between sensor capabilities and their integration with network infrastructures. This paper starts by defining the physical peculiarities that characterize unattended autonomous sensors and then discusses issues specific to classified sensors, such as protection from physical compromise against loss of information or tampering. The challenges deriving from internetworking such sensors on a local area or across a wide area network will then be discussed, from a perspective that mirrors the ISO/OSI network model. The issues of information protection (INFOSEC) will then be analysed, to touch some of the available methodologies to ensure integrity, authentication and confidentiality, together with the accompanying key distribution and management services. While the principal focus of this work is on maritime networks, the considerations presented can be similarly applied to other types of sensors.
Enhanced Deep Blue aerosol retrieval algorithm: The second generation

The aerosol products retrieved using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection 5.1 Deep Blue algorithm have provided useful information about aerosol properties over bright‐reflecting land surfaces, such as desert, semiarid, and urban regions. However, many components of the C5.1 retrieval algorithm needed to be improved; for example, the use of a static surface database to estimate surface reflectances. This is particularly important over regions of mixed vegetated and nonvegetated surfaces, which may undergo strong seasonal changes in land cover. In order to address this issue, we develop a hybrid approach, which takes advantage of the combination of precalculated surface reflectance database and normalized difference vegetation index in determining the surface reflectance for aerosol retrievals. As a result, the spatial coverage of aerosol data generated by the enhanced Deep Blue algorithm has been extended from the arid and semiarid regions to the entire land areas. In this paper, the changes made in the enhanced Deep Blue algorithm regarding the surface reflectance estimation, aerosol model selection, and cloud screening schemes for producing the MODIS collection 6 aerosol products are discussed. A similar approach has also been applied to the algorithm that generates the Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Deep Blue products. Based upon our preliminary results of comparing the enhanced Deep Blue aerosol products with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements, the expected error of the Deep Blue aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is estimated to be better than 0.05 + 20%. Using 10 AERONET sites with long‐term time series, 79% of the best quality Deep Blue AOT values are found to fall within this expected error.
2 Utility-Based Altruism : Evidence in Favour

In Dictator Game experiments where the information status of the recipient varies we find that a certain type of donator tends to reduce his offer when the recipient has incomplete information about the pie size. This result provides new evidence on those approaches on altruism, which assume that the donator takes care for the recipient’s utility when making his altruistic choice.
Archival service in the aviation domain

This paper describes Internal Research and Development (IR&D) work in progress that is being performed by Boeing Advanced Air Traffic Management (AATM) and IBM. Boeing and IBM are implementing a service that records, retrieves, analyzes and visualizes patterns using aviation data. The initial implementation is based on aircraft surveillance data. Boeing AATM has been receiving live Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (ASDI) data and archiving it for over two years. At the present time, there is not an easy mechanism to perform analytics on the data. The incoming data is large, compressed, and requires correlation with other flight data before it can be analyzed. The service exposes this data once it has been uncompressed, correlated, and stored in a database for further analysis using a variety of descriptive, predictive, and possibly prescriptive analytics tools. The service is being built partially in response to requests from Boeing Commercial Aviation for analysis of capacity and flow in the US National Airspace System. The service utilizes IBM Warehouse with DB2, WebSphere Message Broker, XML Shredding, and will be used with IBM analytics products. This paper describes the service implementation and the value it adds to the aviation domain.
Teachers' beliefs about the value of making

This paper draws on the findings of an on-going research project, funded by the Crafts Council 'Learning through Making' project and the Technology Enhancement Programme, into the competencies and capabilities which young people develop by being involved in making activities. The first phase of this research has established a general model of teachers' beliefs about the value of making. This model has been established by undertaking case study research in a number of schools, selected because of the importance which they place on making. These schools cover all key stages and the participating teachers are drawn from across the curriculum, inclusion being determined by their use of making in the teaching context. Methodologies employed are described. Teachers' beliefs were sought in three different response modes which provided a measure of triangulation and validation. Key quantitative data is provided which highlights the hierarchical manner in which teachers view competencies and capabilities when they are categorised in to three discrete classes: practical competencies, cognitive abilities and personal attributes. Finally the paper proposes conclusions about the value of making in the school curriculum and provides possible reasons for the way in which teachers prioritise and focus their teaching on certain competencies and capabilities.
Duration of Temporary Layoffs, Impact of Tenure and Enterprise Characteristics: Evidence from Sweden

Temporary layoffs tend to represent an important source of worker-firm attachment. We investigate the determinants of the duration of temporary layoffs using matched employee-employer dataset from Sweden. The impacts of covariates and the shapes of hazard functions vary depending on the destination of transition: recall or new job. We reject the hypothesis that firms tend to recall workers who approach the unemployment benefit exhaustion. However, we are not able to rule out the possibility that firms behave strategically through prioritizing rehiring the individuals with relatively short periods of unemployment compensation entitlement.
Accounting concepts in the construction of social status and privilege: a microhistorical study of an early Australian convict

While understandings and applications of accounting concepts in convict, colonial Australia produced economic consequences, these notions also shaped social perceptions and generated social outcomes. Presenting a microhistorical study of early convict transportee George Best, the research demonstrates how conceptualisations of accounting, together with rudimentary accounting measures and accountability reports, were implicated in the construction of notions of this convict’s success and respectability. The relevant historical economic, political, and social environment, as well as modern-day historians’ opinions and interpretations, are shown to interact with the use made and significance of accounting concepts, such as wealth, profit, assets and capital, in the selected convict’s transfigurement from an individual of the ‘criminal class’ to wealthy, well respected landholder. Utilising a plurality of philosophical perspectives to derive meaning from the data, the study revealed that rather than the application of accounting concepts serving merely to perpetuate social class, it functioned to emancipate this convict, both literally and figuratively, as well as to enable privilege. This journal article is available in Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal: http://ro.uow. edu.au/aabfj/vol1/iss4/1 The Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal, December, 2007. Bisman: Accounting Concepts in the Construction of social status. Vol. 1, No. 4. Page 1. Accounting concepts in the construction of social status and privilege: A microhistorical study of an early Australian convict Jayne Bisman Charles Sturt University
Validation of Reference Genes for qPCR Analysis of Resistance Training and Androgenic Anabolic Steroids on Hypothalamus, Adrenal Gland and Fat Tissue

Background: Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is a technique used for quantification of gene expression and the use of reference genes is very important to normalize the quantification results. Aim: To validate the most suitable reference genes for resistance exercise training (REx) and use of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) in three different rat tissues. Methods: A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: exposed to vehicle three times per week (wk) (CT); eight wk of REx exposed to vehicle three times per wk (T); exposed to DECA three times per wk (D); eight wk of REx exposed to DECA three times per wk (TD). Stability of the following genes was evaluated: beta actin (Actb), alpha Tubulin (Tubulin), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 (Hprt1) and 18s Ribossomal RNA (18s) in hypothalamus, adrenal gland and mesenteric fat tissue using GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. Results: In hypothalamus and adrenal, all genes were suitable and none was rejected by statistical analysis; however, in fat tissue, Actb, Gapdh and Hprt1 genes were rejected by geNorm but not the others two software. Conclusion: In hypothalamus and adrenal all selected genes analized were stable and can be used for qPCR gene expression analysis. However, in fat tissue we suggest the Tubulin gene as most stable gene.
Design of a Novel Ultra-Wideband Semicircular Printed Antenna with Dual-Band Notched Characteristic

─ A compact semicircular printed antenna with dual-band notched characteristic is proposed. A narrow rectangular slot is etched on the radiation patch to prevail notch band at 5.13-5.87 GHz for WLAN. By using two circular slots (C-shaped) defected ground structure, another notch band, at 7.59-9.03 GHz for some C-band satellite communication systems, is achieved. Due to the shape of the proposed antenna, the total dimension of this structure occupies very small space. The antenna is successfully simulated and measured. A simple 50-Ω microstrip line is used to excite the slot. The parameters and dimensions of the antenna have been investigated by using HFSS. Results demonstrate that the suggested antenna with small size of 20×20×1 mm3 has desired bandwidth range from 2.6-13.3 GHz for VSWR≤2, except two notch bands. Index Terms ─ Band notch, compact, microstrip antenna.
What’s Motivation Got to Do with It? A Survey of Recursion in the Computing Education Literature

One of the most challenging topics for both computing educators and students is recursion. Pedagogical approaches for teaching recursion have appeared in the computing education literature for over 30 years, and the topic has generated a significant body of work. Given its persistence, relatively little attention has been paid to student motivation. This article summarizes results on teaching and learning recursion explored by the computing education community, noting the relative lack of interest in motivation. It concludes by briefly discussing an approach to teaching recursion is appealing for students interested in web development.
Number 2 May 2003 Fitness and Training PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSES TO THREE DIFFERENT LANDING SURFACES DURING STEP AEROBICS

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSES TO THREE DIFFERENT LANDING SURFACES DURING STEP AEROBICS William A. Skelly, Lynn A. Darby, Kristen Phillips. JEPonline. 2003;6(2):70-79. Using a padded landing surface during step aerobics has the potential to both reduce impact forces and increase energy cost. Eleven college-aged females performed 8-min trials [2-min of each step: basic step, alternate lead (AL), knee raise (KR), and step kick (SK)] on three surfaces. Surface conditions were uncovered force platform (FP) and FP covered with each of two different pads of medium-density foam [0.025 m (Thick) & 0.010 m (Thin)]. Data for oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), maximum vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), rear-foot motion, and time of foot contact (TFC) were collected and a landing surface questionnaire was administered to obtain subjective perceptions of surfaces. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (STEP [3] × SURFACE [3]) were calculated. There were no significant differences for any variables among the surfaces. Significant differences were detected for VO2 (AL<KR,SK), HR (AL<KR<SK), ROM (AL>SK), and TFC (AL>KR,SK) among the step movements. Subjects preferred stepping on the thick pad, felt less safe on the thin pad, and perceived more lower extremity stress landing on the uncovered force platform. The addition of two different density padded surfaces to the surfaces of two force platforms did not elicit differences in physiological or biomechanical force variables during 8 min of different actions used in step aerobics.
A New Policy-Making Model for Development of National Insurance Services Market Based on Resource-Based Approach

Insurance industry is one of those industries providing financial services for people that couldn’t achieve a balanced development in provision of different services. In other words, insurance companies didn’t have a favorable performance as compared with other countries, except for provision of services for automobile industry. This actually pinpoints that the conditions for development and penetration into this market is not that much optimal. The main objective of this study is to provide a policy-making model for the development of service market under the light of a resource-based approach and investigation of model relations. The research method applied in this study is qualitative and it follows an applied objective. The population for this study are specified to the development of the model and interview was used to identify the criteria. The sample includes insurance companies’ managers and experts. These people have at least a bachelor’s degree and they have more than ten years of experience of managerial work. The number of experts included in this study include 20 people using saturation limit approach. The data were analyzed using grounded theory approach. The results showed that the main phenomenon was the concept of market-orientation. In addition, the causal conditions of this study include future-orientation and technological infrastructures. In intervention part of the study, dynamism of industry has been specified. In another part related to the context, culture has been identified. The identified strategies in the field of policy-making include innovativeness, entrepreneurialism, and a positive picture of the industry. Finally, the outcome of this model was the development of the market. The main suggestion of this study was to improve social culture. Besides, it will create a trusting mechanism with regard to policy-making and therefore the required atmosphere for the development and strengthening the market will be created.
A Distributed Flow Rate Control Algorithm for Networked Agent System with Multiple Coding Rates to Optimize Multimedia Data Transmission

With the development of wireless technologies, mobile communication applies more and more extensively in the various walks of life. The social network of both fixed and mobile users can be seen as networked agent system. At present, kinds of devices and access network technology are widely used. Different users in this networked agent system may need different coding rates multimedia data due to their heterogeneous demand. This paper proposes a distributed flow rate control algorithm to optimize multimedia data transmission of the networked agent system with the coexisting various coding rates. In this proposed algorithm, transmission path and upload bandwidth of different coding rate data between source node, fixed and mobile nodes are appropriately arranged and controlled. On the one hand, this algorithm can provide user nodes with differentiated coding rate data and corresponding flow rate. On the other hand, it makes the different coding rate data and user nodes networked, which realizes the sharing of upload bandwidth of user nodes which require different coding rate data. The study conducts mathematical modeling on the proposed algorithm and compares the system that adopts the proposed algorithm with the existing system based on the simulation experiment and mathematical analysis. The results show that the system that adopts the proposed algorithm achieves higher upload bandwidth utilization of user nodes and lower upload bandwidth consumption of source node.