Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grazing Management and Microclimate Effects on Cattle Distribution Relative to a Cool Season Pasture Stream

Abstract Because of concerns about the impact of grazing management on surface water quality, a 3-yr study was conducted to determine grazing management and microclimate impacts on cattle distribution relative to a pasture stream and shade. Three treatments, continuous stocking with unrestricted stream access (CSU), continuous stocking with restricted stream access (CSR), and rotational stocking (RS), were evaluated on six 12.1-ha cool-season grass pastures stocked with 15 fall-calving Angus cows (Bos taurus L.) from mid-May through mid-October of each year. On 2 d · mo−1 from May through September of each year, a trained observer in each pasture recorded cattle position and activity every 10 min from 0600 to 1800 hours. In years 2 and 3, position of one cow per pasture was recorded with a Global Positioning System (GPS) collar at 10-min intervals 24 h · d−1 for 2 wk · mo−1 from May through September. In week 2 of collar deployment in May, July, and September, cattle had access to off-stream water. Ambient temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were recorded at 10-min intervals and temperature humidity (THI), black globe temperature humidity (BGTHI), and heat load (HLI) indices were calculated. Based on GPS collars, mean percentage of time cows in CSU pastures were in the stream (1.1%) and streamside zone (10.5%) were greater (P < 0.05) than cows in CSR (0.2% and 1.8%) or RS (0.1% and 1.5%) pastures. Based on GPS collar data, off-stream water did not affect the percentage of time cattle in CSU or CSR pastures spent in the stream. Probabilities that cattle in CSU and CSR pastures were in the stream or riparian zones increased (P < 0.05) as ambient temperature, black globe temperature, THI, BGTHI, and HLI increased. Rotational stocking and restricted stream access were effective strategies to decrease the amount of time cattle spent in or near a pasture stream.
Length -Weight Relationship, Sex Ratio, Length at Maturity and Condition Factor of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Lake Babogaya, Ethiopia

Length weight relationship, sex ratio, size at maturity and condition of Clarias gariepinus in Lake Babogaya were studied at Lake Babogaya located in the vicinity of Bishoftu town at about 45 Km East of Addis Ababa. Samples of C.gariepinus were collected monthly during September (2005) through to August (2006) using hook - and - line method and gillnets of various mesh sizes. The relationship between total length (25 to 102 cm) and total weight (165 to 7000 g) was curvilinear and represented as TW = 0.0156 TL 2.934 , R 2 = 0.942, P < 0.05. Sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1 except in samples taken in April and July, and in length groups between 25 and 54 cm total length (TL) in the total sample. In all these cases, there was a preponderance of females over males. In the total sample, for instance, females were about 1.26 more numerous than males. The 50% sexual maturity length (L 50) was estimated at 50 cm TL for females and 56 cm TL for males. Fulton condition factor (mean ± SE) was 0.66 ± 0.04 for females, 0.63± 0.03 for males and 0.64 ± 0.01 combined for both sexes.
Significant Mitigation Measures for Critical Factors of Cost Overrun in Highway Projects of Pakistan

Stakeholders of the construction industry and academia are often facing problems of cost overrun. It has been observed that many constructions of highway projects are not completed at the approved cost due to certain factors. The objective of this research is to identify the cost overrun critical factors involved in highway projects with their significant mitigation measures. In this regard, literature review helped to identify 64 factors of cost overrun. Based on these 64 common factors, a preliminary survey was carried out among 30 selected respondents of highway projects to identify the critical factors of cost overrun and its possible mitigation measures. Results of the preliminary study reported 8 critical factors and 42 possible mitigation measures for the identified factors. Another questionnaire was established on the findings of the preliminary survey and was distributed among 350 stakeholders of highway projects to identify the significant mitigation measures of finding critical factors of cost overrun. In total, 8 significant mitigation measures were identified as causative and critical factors of cost overrun. The findings of this research would be helpful for the construction practitioners who are dealing with cost overrun issues in the highway projects of Pakistan.
Research on Algorithm of Locating License Plate and Problem of Redundant Trailer Image in Real Traffic

Locating license plate area in an image is crucial to traffic recognition. By analyzing several common algorithms and their traits, this paper establishes the improved locating algorithm, which is combined algorithm based on color features with edge features, adding neural network training model for classifying plate images. Through the algorithm test it shows that the method has a nice effect. At last, this paper proposes a problem of redundant trailer image happened in real traffic and point out a solution idea.
Humming along or buzzing off? The elusive consequences of plant-pollinator mismatches

Temporal mismatches among plants and pollinators, driven by climate change, are considered a potential cause of population declines of these mutualists. However, field studies demonstrating population declines as a result of climate-driven phenological mismatches are uncommon, and the extent to which mismatches will be a problem in the future remains unclear. We revisit predicted consequences of climate-driven phenological mismatch in plant-pollinator systems by identifying nine previously-applied assumptions that are violated or insufficiently understood in real systems. Briefly, the assumptions are: (1) Dates of first-flowering (DFF) or dates of first activity (DFA) correctly describe phenology, and disparities between DFF and DFA represent the magnitude of mismatch. (2) “Optimal” matches are measured correctly. (3) Advancement of DFF or DFA will be the primary phenological change in the future. (4) Future phenological shifts will be independent for each species. (5) All plant-pollinator interactions are equally effective. (6) Populations of plants and pollinators are limited by mutualistic interactions. Some previous models have also assumed that the effects of future mismatches will not be influenced by (7) emergence of novel interactions, (8) competition or facilitation from altered co-flowering and co-flight, and (9) phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution of phenology. Those assumptions affect the direction, extent, and accuracy of predicted consequences of future phenological mismatch. In discussing them, we identify important topics for future research in pollination ecology.
The Effect of Exchange Rate Risk on Stock Returns in Kenya’s Listed Financial Institutions

Uncertainties in the flow of FPI result in unpredictable behaviour of stock returns in Kenya’s economy and also at the firm level. A huge surge of the inflows, for instance, can be very inflationary because this will force the Central Bank of Kenya to expand the country’s monetary base by releasing counterpart domestic currency which eventually feeds into the inflationary process. These inflows can also cause domestic currency appreciation if they are significant enough and thereby causing a mismatch in assets and liabilities of financial institutions. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of exchange rate risk on stock returns of listed financial institutions in Kenya. The target population of the study was 21 financial institutions listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study used purposive sampling technique and concentrated on 14 financial institutions. This study used a causal research design and adopted a panel data regression using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method where the data included time series and cross-sectional. Hausman test was carried out and findings indicated that random effects model was preferable for this study. Results from panel estimation showed that exchange rate risk affect stock returns of listed financial institutions in Kenya. The study recommended that the government of Kenya should enhance stability of macroeconomic factors such as foreign exchange rate through monetary policy as they affect the performance of securities exchange hence stock returns. Keywords: Foreign portfolio equity purchases, Stock returns, financial institutions, Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya.
The Effects of Anisometropic Amblyopia on the FNS and TNO Stereotest Thresholds in Four- to Eight-Year-Olds

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between stereoacuity and factors associated with anisometropic amblyopia in children aged 4–8 years. Methods: 44 participants had their stereoacuity thresholds measured using the Frisby Near Stereotest (FNS) and the TNO Randot Stereotest (TNO). Participants were divided into anisometropic amblyopes and controls (normal uniocular visual acuity (VA) with or without glasses). FNS and TNO stereoacuity thresholds were compared based on different factors, which included interocular acuity difference (IAD), VA levels, and the degree of anisometropia. Results: All 44 participants achieved better stereoacuity with the FNS compared to the TNO (p = 0.045). The control group performed significantly better on the FNS (p = 0.012) and the TNO (p = 0.009) when compared with anisometropic amblyopes. The only statistically significant correlation was found between stereoacuity – as measured with FNS – and IAD (p = 0.009). However, the TNO showed a correlation in the presence of poor VA, larger IADs and a high degree of anisometropia. Conclusions: Stereoacuity thresholds are significantly affected by poor VA, large IAD and high degrees of spherical anisometropia when trying to distinguish the resolution of a target with the TNO yet the same factors do not appear to affect ability to distinguish the disparity of a target with the FNS. Controls also performed worse on the TNO.
A Comparative Study of MySQL Functions for XML Element Retrieval

Due to the ever increasing information available electronically, their size is growing rapidly. Since, XML documents have further information; document representation of these might be changed. Term weight technique is a mechanism to retrieve documents. In XML element retrieval applications, the weighting algorithm plays an important role and it greatly affects the precision and recall results of the retrieval systems. MySQL’s full text search algorithm is widely applied into retrieval flat document. However, for the semi-structure document hasn’t evaluation. In this paper, we have to investigate the weighting functions of MySQL and performed a comparative study of weighting schemes processing. Our objective of the study was to find out the appropriate features to achieve the effectiveness of XML element retrieval. The experiment results show the Natural Language use of vector space model function performs better than other methods measured by INEX evaluations.
Jurnal Teknologi Full Paper 3 D SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION FROM A SINGLE UNCALIBRATED 2 D IMAGE

This paper described a simple computation to reconstruct 3D surface using a single uncalibrated 2D image from a digital camera as an image acquisition device that also focused on fast processing. An object is placed on a table with black background for the digital camera to shoot an image of the object. Image segmentation methods are applied in order to obtain the shape of the object from silhouette. The concept Radon transform is adopted to generate sinograms of the object and it is then inverse Radon transform is used to construct 2D cross-section of the object layer by layer. Canny edge detection helps to get the outline of each cross-section and coordinate points are extracted forming 3D point cloud from the image slices. 3D surface of the object is then reconstructed using Delaunay triangulation to connect each point with another. The results obtained from this project are satisfying regarding the processing time with recognizable shape and also strengthened with considerably low percentage error in the calculation for all six objects used in the experiment.
A comparative study of the biochemical compounds found in three species of Vigna (Vigna angularis L., Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L.) under salt stress conditions

Saline soils are an unfavourable environment for the growth of most legumes. The aim of this work is to compare the biochemical behaviour of three species of bean (Vigna radiata L., Vigna mungo L., and Vigna angularis L.) under salt stress conditions. In order to assess this behaviour, we analysed polyphenols and flavonoids in the roots and leaves. The results reveal variability in the accumulation of polyphenols and flavonoids, depending on the organ of the plant, the species, and the intensity of the saline treatment.
Participatory Evaluation of Water Harves ting Techniques for Establishing Improved Mango Varieties in Smallholder Farms of Mbeere District, Kenya

*Jayne Mugwe, Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O. Box 27, Embu, Kenya. ; Mick O’Neill, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. BOX 30677, Nairobi, Kenya, Current address: Agricultural Science Center, New Mexico State Univ., Farmington NM 87401; Samuel Gachanja, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) P.O. Box 27, Embu, Kenya; Jonathan Muriuki, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Jack Mwangi, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Development and Marketing (MALDA), Embu, Kenya. *Corresponding author: ICRAF-Embu@Cgiar.org ABSTRACT A participatory on-farm study was conducted in Mbeere District, Kenya, in 1996/97 to evaluate the effectiveness of two microcatchments (V-shaped and diamond shaped), and conventional planting holes in the establishment of improved/exotic mango varieties under farmer management. The study area is characterised by low erratic rainfall (600 700 mm yr), which is received in two seasons. Two types of microcatchments, V-shaped and diamond-shaped, were tested and compared with simple holes commonly used for tree planting by farmers in the area. Grafted mango varieties tested were Tommy Atkins, Van Dyke, Haden, Kent and Apple. Researchers designed the trial, laid out the microcatchments but farmers were given a free hand to manage the trees. Assessment’s done three months after planting showed high survival (>70%) in all cases, except for Van Dyke in the V-shaped microcatchment which had a survival rate of 65%. This was encouraging, as this season was characterized by drought. Through their own initiative, farmers protected, watered, mulched, and used bottle-feeding and shading methods to increase moisture availability to the young trees. These methods, however, masked the actual effects of the microcatchments but further assessments demonstrated that modifications were randomly applied. Adoption of these moisture conservation techniques indicated farmers’ awareness of the negative effects caused by moisture stress and possibly high value attached to fruit trees. Rankings by farmers identified the V-shaped microcatchment as the most effective in terms of moisture retention and labor requirements and was thus recommended for establishing improved mango varieties.
The Impact of Employee Motivation on Customer Satisfaction in the Insurance Sector in Botswana

The study seeks to measure the impact of employee motivation on customer satisfaction focusing on the insurance sector in Botswana. According to Botswana Business week report (2018) the local insurance sector is in the doldrums with one in 10 licenced operators closing down, profits are diminishing down 23%, and the high marginal decline in gross written premiums. The insurance sector is experiencing a decreasing customer base, high turnover of experienced employees, reduction in profits and low productivity. The study was quantitative in nature and the causal research design was used. The questionnaire was personally-administered to 80 participants which includes employees and customers. The findings of the study clearly acknowledged that employee motivation and customer satisfaction are positively correlated. The regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The empirical examination of the study suggests that employee motivation is vital to boost customer satisfaction, service quality and lowers staff turnover. The study results revealed that employee motivation plays a significant role in enhancing the operational performance of organizations in the service industry. It was recommended that, management should employ motivational factors (innovative promotions, involvement, fringe benefits) to enhance service delivery and customer satisfaction, emphasis on market research through design thinking, as well as, understanding of the customer needs and expectations and designing customer care service policies so that a wide number of customer complaints and areas of interests are considered . Keywords: Employee motivation, customer satisfaction, service quality
Assessment of dietary intake and sociodemographic status of patients with lung cancer

The aim of this paper was to assess dietary intake and characterize the sociodemographic and smoking status ina lungcancerpatientgroup. Material and methods: The research was performed among 15 women and 29 men who carried out a questionnaire of sociodemographic status and 24-h dietary recall from the last three days before hospitalisation. Obtained results were compared with Polish RDA (Rec ommended Dietary Allowances) and references. Results: Every third person of all respon dents had a vocational education; a sim ilar percentage of patients were prima ry educated. All subjects were current or former smokers. Intake of fat and saturated fatty acids was higher than RDA and there were found deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids and car bohydrates. The average diet of men and women provides copper and zinc below the relevant RDA. Only the aver age mean daily supply of sodium and phosphorus in meals of patients exceeded RDA of these minerals. The mean intake of antioxidant vitamins with diets was too high while the mean amount of B group vitamins in diets was lower than RDA. Conclusion: Incorrect dietary habits demonstrated in patients during the period before lung cancer diagnosis in combination with smoking and low education could contribute to the development of lung cancer.
A Survey of the Effect of Strategies, Technologies and Organizational Learning on Organization Innovation in it Organizations: Case Study of Information Technology Organization of Iran

In the present competitive world, the organizations with high innovation capacity can respond to environmental challenges rapidly. The capabilities and innovation performance are affected by absorptive, shared and applied knowledge from organization. Entrepreneurial direction providing some motivations for organizations for learning and increase of social system of company and technology organization focusing mostly on taking new technologies for innovation of capabilities for organizational innovation are necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of strategies, technologies and organizational learning on organizational innovation in IT organizations of case study of IT organizations by structural equations model. The study population is all employees of IT organization in Iran as 400. 196 employees are selected by Cochran’s formula by random sampling method. They answered technology orientation, entrepreneurial organization, organizational learning, application of knowledge management system and organizational innovation questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive indices, confirmatory analysis and structural equations model were used by SPSS, SMARTPLS software. The results of structural equations model showed that impact coefficient of entrepreneurial orientation had positive and significant effect on using knowledge management and organizational learning. Impact coefficient of technological orientation had positive and significant effect on using knowledge management and organizational learning. Impact coefficient of using knowledge management system had positive and significant effect on organizational innovation. The impact coefficient of organizational learning had positive and significant effect on organizational innovation. Totally the findings emphasized on the role of technological orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, using knowledge management system and organizational learning in organizational innovation in the studied organization. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016. v7n2s2p154
Effect of Salinity Intrusion on Food Crops, Livestock, and Fish Species at Kalapara Coastal Belt in Bangladesh

Salinity has caused significant negative effects on agricultural production. This research is focused on the vulnerabilities of soil and water salinities on crop, fish, and livestock production across the Kalapara coastal belt of Bangladesh. Several parameters were measured as indicators of salinity. The electrical conductivity of water was found to be significant with TDS, F−, Cl−, , Na
Cognitive Foundations of the Relationship between Humans and Animals among Hunters – Gatherers and Traditional Farmers

the aim of this paper is to show the possibility of different mind-sets for societies in the upper palaeolithic, Mesolithic and neolithic and use this opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of archaeological cultures. this work is based on a model that I created according to ethnography. the main criterions for creating this model were subsistence strategies and people‘s attitude to nature which arises from the concept of the world. the basic parameter of this article is the distinction between past ways of thinking and the current european way of thinking. *corresponding author. e-mail: elasv@seznam.cz 1according to the basic thesis of phenomenology the natural world exists in the phenomenal site which is reflected in the knowledge which we know from elsewhere, in our case from science, not the world itself. We do not live in the natural world, however, but in the created world in which we have ideas and beliefs about the nature of the world. We see the world through this belief (husserl 1996), through the concept. 2cognitive anthropology examines the relationship between society and culture, exploring how people perceive objects and events that make up the world and how this understanding influences their behavior