Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the FIDIS Vasculitis Multiplex Immunoassay for Diagnosis and Follow‐up of ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis and Goodpasture's Disease

Abstract: We have evaluated a new‐multiplex immunoassay (FIDIS Vasculitis) for simultaneous detection and quantification of anti‐MPO, ‐PR3, and ‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies in diagnosis and follow‐up of ANCA‐associated vasculitides (AAV) and Goodpasture's disease. ANCA were determined in sera of (a) 87 consecutive patients with biopsy‐proven pauci‐immune NCGN and 72 controls; (b) 9 patients with Goodpasture's disease; and (c) 60 WG patients and 60 controls, previously used in a multicenter comparison of direct and capture ELISA for PR3‐ANCA. Finally, for prediction of relapses, PR3‐ANCA was measured in samples preceding relapse in 23 PR3‐AAV patients and in 23 matched PR3‐AAV patients without relapse. The relative sensitivity of the FIDIS Vasculitis assay was 97.4% for MPO‐ANCA and 92.3% for PR3‐ANCA; specificity was 100% and 97.2%, respectively. Evaluation of the anti‐GBM antibody detection revealed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99.6%. The sensitivity for WG of the PR3‐ANCA detection (71.6%) approached the performance of capture ELISA (74%), although at the cost of specificity (96.7% versus 100%). For prediction of relapses a rise of 50% in ANCA level by FIDIS Vasculitis appeared optimal (ROC curve) for prediction of relapses. However, as compared to capture ELISA, both positive (63% versus 76%) and negative (68% versus 72%) predictive values were reduced. In conclusion, simultaneous detection of anti‐MPO, ‐PR3, and ‐GBM antibodies in the multiplex FIDIS Vasculitis assay has excellent performance in terms of diagnosis of patients with AAV or Goodpasture's disease. However, detection of rises in PR3‐ANCA for prediction of relapses gives less optimal results when compared to capture ELISA.
Mouse dynamics correlates to student behaviour in computer-based exams

COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. This work was funded by ‘EUSTRESS – Sistema de Informacao para a monitorizacao e avaliacao dos niveis do stress e previsao de stress conico’, N◦2015/017832 P2020 SI I&DT, (NUP, NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-017832) in co-promotion between Optimizer-Lda and ICVS/3B’s-Uminho
The NFY Transcription Factor Mediates Induction of the von Willebrand Factor Promoter by Irradiation

Summary Ionizing irradiation in patients is proposed to cause thrombus formation. An increase in von Willebrand factor secretion in response to irradiation is a major contributing factor to thrombus formation. We have previously reported that the increased VWF secretion in response to irradiation is mediated at the transcriptional level. The VWF core promoter fragment (sequences –90 to +22) was shown to contain the necessary cis-acting element(s) to mediate the irradiation response of the VWF gene. Here we report that a CCAAT element in the VWF promoter is the cis-acting element necessary for irradiation induction and that the NFY transcription factor interacts with this element. These analyses demonstrate that inhibition of NFY’s interaction with the CCAAT element abolishes the irradiation induction of the VWF promoter. These results provide a novel role for NFY and add this factor to the small list of irradiation-responsive transcription factors. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that NFY is associated with the histone acetylase P/CAF in vivo and that irradiation resulted in an increased association of NFY with coactivator P/CAF. We propose that irradiation induction of the VWF promoter involves a mechanism resulting in increased recruitment of the coactivator P/CAF to the promoter via the NFY transcription factor.
Comparison of Torula Yeast and Various Grape Juice Products as Attractants for Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

ABSTRACT Early research investigating attractants for the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew, during the 1930s indicated that fermentation products were effective attractants for Mexican fruit flies and other tropical Tephritidae, but that attraction to fruit components was only of academic interest. Tests reported here were carried out on populations of Mexican fruit flies from 2004 to 2011. Trapping experiments carried out at sites in the states Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi compared grape juice, reconstituted grape concentrate and powdered grape mixes, and torula yeast extract in orchards at each site. The Nuevo Leon orchard was mixed with alternate rows of pears and surrounded by alternate hosts. The San Luis Potosi site was surrounded by other orange orchards or nonhosts. Each test was run for at least 10 mo and included highest and lowest trapping periods. Results showed that grape juice captured the most total flies and had the fewest samples with zero flies. However, in the series of experiments, each product had the most captures in at least one experiment. Hydrolyzed torula was superior in one of the six experiments. In five of the tests, polyethylene glycol was tested as an additive to the grape products but never improved capture rate compared with the product without the additive. These results indicate that grape juice is superior to grape concentrate or powder and grape juice is at least equal to torula yeast hydrolysate for trapping pest populations of Mexican fruit flies in commercial citrus orchards.
Secondary metabolites of fungi from marine habitats.

Covering: 2006 to mid-2010 Marine-derived fungi continue to produce structurally unique secondary metabolites, a considerable number of which display promising biological and pharmacological properties. This review gives an overview of new natural products from marine-derived fungi and their biological activities, focusing on the period from 2006 until mid-2010. Overall, 690 structures and 478 references are presented.
Do needle and syringe programs reduce risky behaviours among people who inject drugs in Kermanshah City, Iran? A coarsened exact matching approach

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS In this study, we used a 'coarsened exact matching' method to evaluate the relationship between two levels of needle and syringe program (NSP) utilisation and HIV-related risk behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID). DESIGN AND METHODS Using snowball sampling, we recruited 500 PWID (all male) in Kermanshah City, Iran between September and December 2014 in a cross-sectional survey. We categorised participants into two groups, including high (i.e. receiving 60% or more of their syringes from an NSP) and low (i.e. receiving less than 60% of their syringes from NSP) NSP users. Then, we applied coarsened exact matching to match the two groups based on confounding covariates (age, place of residence, income, receiving methadone maintenance treatment) and made statistically equivalent comparison groups to estimate the effect of the NSP on injection risk behaviours. RESULTS Participants with low NSP use were more likely to report borrowing syringes in past 2 months (odds ratio [OR] 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 1.86; P < 0.04), in comparison with participants with high NSP use. Regarding recent syringe lending, low NSP use was also significantly and positively associated with this outcome (OR 3.34; 95% CI 1.70, 5.20; P < 0.02). Reusing one's own syringe was reported more frequently in low NSP use group (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.22, 3.97; P < 0.03). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS NSPs are a promising approach to reduce injection-related risk behaviours among PWID in Kermanshah, Iran. Expanded coverage of high-quality NSPs is recommended.
Real‐time model predictive control based on dual gradient projection: Theory and fixed‐point FPGA implementation

This paper proposes a method to design robust model predictive control (MPC) laws for discrete‐time linear systems with hard mixed constraints on states and inputs, in case of only an inexact solution of the associated quadratic program is available, because of real‐time requirements. By using a recently proposed dual gradient‐projection algorithm, it is proved that the discrepancy of the optimal control law as compared with the obtained one is bounded even if the solver is implemented in fixed‐point arithmetic. By defining an alternative MPC problem with tightened constraints, a feasible solution is obtained for the original MPC problem, which guarantees recursive feasibility and asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system with respect to a set including the origin, also considering the presence of external disturbances. The proposed MPC law is implemented on a field‐programmable gate array in order to show the practical applicability of the method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knockout of a P‐glycoprotein gene increases susceptibility to abamectin and emamectin benzoate in Spodoptera exigua

P‐glycoprotein [P‐gp or the ATP‐binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1)] is an important participant in multidrug resistance of cancer cells, yet the precise function of this arthropod transporter is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of P‐gp for susceptibility to insecticides in the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene‐editing technology. We cloned an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the S. exigua P‐gp protein (SeP‐gp) predicted to display structural characteristics common to P‐gp and other insect ABCB1 transporters. A knockout line with a frame shift deletion of four nucleotides in the SeP‐gp ORF was established using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing system to test its potential role in determining susceptibility to chemical insecticides or insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Results from comparative bioassays demonstrate that knockout of SeP‐gp significantly increases susceptibility of S. exigua by around threefold to abamectin and emamectin benzoate (EB), but not to spinosad, chlorfenapyr, beta‐cypermethrin, carbosulfan indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, phoxim, diafenthiuron, chlorfluazuron, chlorantraniliprole or two Bt toxins (Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa). Our data support an important role for SeP‐gp in susceptibility of S. exigua to abamectin and EB and imply that overexpression of SeP‐gp may contribute to abamectin and EB resistance in S. exigua.
What price the moral high ground

Are people fundamentally selfish? In textbook accounts of rational choice, economists generally take an agnostic position on this question: a person's tastes are her own business, and rationality requires merely that she act efficiently in pursuit of whatever preferences she happens to hold. This approach affords obvious flexibility. A person's anonymous gift to charity, for example, can be readily explained as the consequence of a taste for helping others. But this flexibility comes at the expense of what George Stigler might have called the "crankcase oil" problem. If we see a person drink the used crankcase oil from his car, and he then writhes in agony and dies, we can assert that he must have really liked crankcase oil. (Why else would he have drunk it? ) Virtually any behavior, no matter how bizarre, can be "explained" after the fact by simply assuming a taste for it. With this difficulty in mind, many economists assume -implicitly or explicitly-that people are essentially self-interested. Thus, in Gordon Tullock's words, "the average human being is about 95 percent selfish in the narrow sense of the term" [21; 12, 12]. This approach has generated many powerful insights into human behavior. It explains, for example, why car pools form in the wake of increases in gasoline prices and why the members of "service" organizations are more likely to be real estate salespersons, dentists, chiropractors, insurance agents, and others with something to sell than to be postal employees or airline pilots. But the assumption of selfishness is not without drawbacks of its own. The most apparent is that, for every behavior that is consistent with this assumption, there seems to be another that contradicts it. Travelers on interstate highways leave tips for waitresses they will never see again. People vote in presidential elections and they walk away from profitable transactions whose terms they believe to be "unfair. " Soldiers throw their bodies atop live grenades to save the lives of their comrades. In these and countless other ways, people do not seem to be maximizing utility functions of the egoistic sort. A second difficulty with the selfishness assumption is that our models of human behavior appear to mold the behavior of both the modelers themselves and those they teach. Thus, Gilovich, Regan and I found evidence that people with extensive training in economics are less likely than
Characteristics, sexual behaviour and risk factors of female, male and transgender sex workers in South Africa.

BACKGROUND In South Africa, information on sex workers' characteristics, sexual behaviour and health needs is limited. Current social, legal and institutional factors impede a safe working environment for sex workers and their clients. OBJECTIVES To describe characteristics and sexual behaviour of female, male and transgender sex workers, and assess their risk factors for unprotected sex. METHODS Repeat cross-sectional surveys among sex workers were conducted in Hillbrow, Sandton, Rustenburg and Cape Town in 2010. Sex workers were interviewed once; any re-interviews were excluded from analysis. Unprotected sex was defined as any unprotected penetrative vaginal or anal sex with last two clients. RESULTS Trained sex workers interviewed 1 799 sex workers. Sex work was a full-time profession for most participants. About 8% (126/1 594) of women, 33% (22/75) of men, and 25% (12/50) of transgender people had unprotected sex. A quarter of anal sex was unprotected. Unprotected sex was 2.1 times (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% CI 1.2 - 3.7; p=0.011) more likely in participants reporting daily or weekly binge drinking than non-binge drinkers. Male sex workers were 2.9 times (AOR, 95%CI 1.6 - 5.3; p<0.001) more likely, and transgender people 2.4 times (AOR, 95% CI 1.1 - 4.9; p=0.021) more likely, than females to have unprotected sex. Sex workers in Hillbrow, where the only sex work-specific clinic was operational, were less likely to have unprotected sex than those in other sites. CONCLUSION Tailored sex work interventions should explicitly include male and transgender sex workers, sex work-specific clinics, focus on the risks of unprotected anal sex, and include interventions to reduce alcohol harm.
Primary nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma of uterine cervix mimicking leiomyoma

Nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) accounts for about 5% of all Hodgkin lymphomas and predominantly involves peripheral lymph nodes. Primary NLPHL of uterine cervix is very rare. Here, we report cervical NLPHL with CD21 expression in a 43‐year‐old woman, who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding for 1 year.
Critical Review of 'The Usability Metric for User Experience'

In 2010, Kraig Finstad published (in this journal) ‘The Usability Metric for User Experience’—the UMUX. The UMUX is a standardized usability questionnaire designed to produce scores similar to the System Usability Scale (SUS), but with 4 rather than 10 items. The development of the questionnaire followed standard psychometric practice. Psychometric evaluation of the final version of the UMUX indicated acceptable levels of reliability (internal consistency), concurrent validity, and sensitivity. Critical review of this research suggests that its weakest element was the structural analysis, which concluded that the UMUX is unidimensional based on insufficient evidence. Mixedtone item content and parallel analysis of the eigenvalues point to a possible two-factor structure. This weakness, however, is of more theoretical than practical importance, given the overall scale’s apparent reliability, validity, and sensitivity.
Cyclic metabolism of photoreceptor cells.

iis issue of INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE contains three papers dealing with the cyclic nature of photoreceptor cell metabolism. ' 9i 26 This field of investigation represents one of the most active areas of vision research today. The speed and range of studies on photoreceptors and their supportive tissue, the pigment epithelium, have accelerated to the degree that more new information on the control mechanisms of outer segment turnover has been obtained within the last 2 years than had formerly been obtained in a decade. Any chronology of this line of investigation must begin with a reference to the early ultrastructural studies of the human pigment epithelium by Bairati and Orzalesi. These authors were the first to interpret correctly the lamellar inclusion bodies within this tissue, now termed phagosomes, as having originally been a part of the photoreceptor outer segments. They further suggested that the detachment and phagocytosis of this material from the outer segment tip should be balanced by the addition of newly formed membrane material to the outer segment base. This set the stage for the classic autoradiographic studies of Young and Young and Droz, which firmly established that the outer segment membranes of rod photoreceptors are renewed throughout life. When animals were injected with radioactive amino acids to label newly synthesized protein, the first site of incorporation was within the photoreceptor inner segment as had been observed by Droz earlier. Much of this newly synthesized protein was then transported to the outer segment base where it was used to form a band of radioactive outer segment membrane discs. As this process of membrane addition continued, the radioactive band was displaced along the length of the outer segment to the tip where it was shed as a packet of membrane discs. ' 28 These membrane fragments were then phagocytized and degraded by the pigment epithelium. ' 20 The experiments of Hall et al. further demonstrated that much of the new membrane protein was the rod visual pigment rhodopsin. This pattern of rod outer segment renewal has been observed in every vertebrate examined. Throughout these autoradiographic studies, cone outer segments were observed to become diffusely labeled, but a discrete band of labeled discs was never formed. This led Young to suggest that cone outer segments were renewed by the replacement of individual molecules throughout the outer segment rather than by the rod system of membrane assembly at the base and loss of membrane packets from the tip. However, the morphological studies of cone photoreceptors in the squirrel retina by Anderson, Fisher, and Steinberg" and in the human retina by Steinberg, Wood, and Hogan21
Preschool Worth 4-Shape test: testability, reliability, and validity.

PURPOSE The Worth 4-Dot is used to assess binocular fusion, but it is difficult to use with young children. We modified the Worth 4-Dot by replacing the circles with shapes while maintaining the same color configuration. The purpose of this study was to determine the testability, reliability, and validity of the Worth 4-Shape test. METHODS Subjects aged 2 to 8 years and 4 patients aged over 8 years with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or greater (n = 131 patients, n = 123 normals) attempted test and retest at 35 cm and 3m using the Worth 4-Shape and Worth 4-Dot. To provide a gold standard, medical history, bifoveal fixation, and stereoacuity were reviewed. RESULTS Testability of the Worth 4-Shape was significantly higher than the Worth 4-Dot both in children aged less than 4 years (95.9% vs 79.5% at 35 cm, P <.001; 79.5% vs 55.1% at 3 m, P <.001) and older than 4 years (98.5% vs 88.6% at 35 cm, P <.001; 90.9% vs 82.4% at 3m, P =.04). Test-retest analysis found comparable concordance for the Worth 4-Shape and Worth 4-Dot tests (P >.3). The sensitivity and specificity of the Worth 4-Shape (92%, 97%) and Worth 4-Dot (90%, 94%) were comparable. Between-test analysis found 96% agreement between both tests at 35 cm and 97% agreement at 3m. CONCLUSIONS The success rate for the Worth 4-Shape is higher than the Worth 4-Dot, especially in children aged less than 4 years, and has equivalent accuracy. The Worth 4-Shape test-retest reliability is high supporting its validity for use with young children.
Addiction Effects on The Ego Strength Scores : A Comparing Study between Two Groups of Addicted and non-Addicted People

-The aim of this research was to compare the ego strength of addicted and non addicted people. The sample size of 200 men (100 addicts+ 100 non addicts) living in Karaj and Tehran cities of Islamic Republic of Iran that was selected through the availability sampling. To collect data, a 52-item BESS (Barrons ego strength scale) questionnaire was used. Averages and t test were applied as statistics methods and for data analysis SPSS soft ware was used. The results indicated that the differences are meaningful between the addicts and normal people. Keywords---Addiction, Ego strength, Addicted and normal
onstruction , characterization and preclinical evaluation of MTBVAC , he first live-attenuated M . tuberculosis-based vaccine to enter linical trials

The development of a new tuberculosis vaccine is an urgent need due to the failure of the current vaccine, BCG, to protect against the respiratory form of the disease. MTBVAC is an attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidate genetically engineered to fulfil the Geneva consensus requirements to enter human clinical trials. We selected a M. tuberculosis clinical isolate to generate two independent
Functional interactions of manno-oligosaccharides with dietary threonine in chicken gastrointestinal tract. III. Feed passage rate

1. A 3 × 2 factorial experimental design was used to investigate the interaction between threonine concentration (0·70, 1·0 and 1·3 of National Research Council (NRC), 1994, recommendations) and manno-oligosaccharides (0 and 2 g/kg) on feed passage rate in relation to intestinal microbial activities and crude mucin turnover. 2. There was no interaction between the effects of manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) and dietary threonine on total tract transit time. However, an interaction between MOS and threonine was apparent where increasing threonine in the absence of MOS led to a reduction in the mean retention time, but a trend in the opposite direction in the presence of MOS. The ileal mean retention time at deficient and adequate concentrations of threonine was also significantly shorter in the presence of MOS. 3. In the jejunum, dietary MOS interacted with threonine to increase the villus-to-crypt ratio with deficient and adequate concentrations of threonine but not with an excess. In the ileum, MOS had no effect on the villus-to-crypt ratio at the deficient and adequate concentrations of threonine but significantly increased the ileal villus-to-crypt ratio with an excess. 4. There were significant interactions between MOS and dietary threonine in their effects on ileal flow of crude mucin, with MOS supplementation increasing mucin concentration and output when threonine was adequate but not when deficient or in excess. 5. Neither MOS nor threonine affected volatile fatty acids and intestinal musculature. No effects of gut microflora or voluntary feed intake on feed passage rate was attributable to dietary threonine or MOS supplementation.
Being Mentally Ill

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