Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a Printed Dipole Antenna Array for a Passive Radar System

Passive radar (or Passive Coherent Localisation) is an advancing technology for covert operation. The signal transmitted from sources of opportunity such as radio or TV stations is used as illumination for a certain area of interest. Part of the transmitted signal is reflected by radar targets, for example, moving objects such as vehicles or aircraft. Typical radar parameters are derived from the comparison between the direct line-of-sight from the transmitter and the signal scattered from the target object. Such systems are an attractive addition to existing active radar stations because they have the potential to discover low-flying and low-observable targets and no active radar transmitter is required. Printed dipole antennas are very attractive antenna elements for such systems because of their easy fabrication, low-cost, polarisation purity, and low-profile properties. The present paper describes the design of an antenna array using printed dipole elements with flared arms for a passive radar system operating in the GSM900 frequency range. Isolated antenna elements and a small uniform linear antenna array were designed and optimised using computational electromagnetic methods. Several prototypes have been fabricated on conventional microwave PCB substrate material. Preliminary measurement results for antenna matching and far-field radiation patterns are shown.
Gestural expressions in use for unveiling dynamic experience attributed to verbs

The focus of this paper is on justifying the presented experimental design that aims at examining the enactive linkages between a verb’s content and a sensorimotor experience of movement. The experiment utilised spontaneous production of hand and vocal gestures for expressing the energetic feel attributed to a word. Preliminary qualitative analysis of the expressions shows degrees of similarity in terms of experiential movement qualities. These results imply that conceiving a verb’s meaning is not necessarily far removed from bodily action.
Equilibrium Study of Cadmium Ions Adsorption on Sericin/Alginate Particles

Cadmium is a pollutant widely found in industrial effluents and its toxicity affects the ecosystem and presents human health risk. The adsorption can be used to remove toxic metals in dilute solutions. Industrial waste, such as sericin, can efficiently replace conventional bioadsorbent materials. Sericin is a protein present in silkworm cocoon and is usually discarded in effluent of spinning processes. Alginate is a polysaccharide used to improve the characteristics of the blend. The objective of this study was to investigate the use ofsericin/alginate particles as bioadsorbent to remove cadmium ions (Cd2+) in waste water through adsorptionequilibrium study. Equilibrium experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of adsorption temperature (10 °C, 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C), which indicated that the cadmium adsorption capacity increased with decreasing temperature. Adsorption isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin were used to analyse the equilibrium data. Cadmium adsorption equilibrium could be described by the Freundlich adsorption model at all the temperatures essayed. The values of the n parameter, which aregreater than unity, indicate that Cd2+ ions are favourably adsorbed by sericin/alginate particles at thetemperature range studied.
Relationship between the stage of digestive tract development in chicks and the effect of viscosity reducing enzymes on fat digestion

Different fats are added to low energy cereal diets for broiler chickens so as to satisfy the energy requirements of the chickens. However, the viscous soluble dietary fibre present in some cereals negatively affects fat digestion and absorption by chickens. Lowering the viscosity of digesta by feed enzyme supplementation of cereal diets enhances fat digestion and absorption. The effect of chicken age and the degree of saturation of the added fat on these processes are discussed.
Comparison of Functional Tasks Exercise Versus Resistance Exercise to Improve Grip Strength and Hand Function in Elderly Population

Background: Ageing is an irreversible process; the effects of a sedentary lifestyle are very evident in most people due to inactivity. When physical capacity falls below the ability required for the performance of daily tasks, functional limitations and a loss of independence may occur. The aim of the study is to determine whether functional tasks exercise program and resistance exercise program have different effects on grip strength hand function in the community-living elderly population. Study design was Quasi-experimental. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 30 male and female patients (aged above 60 years) without any severe illness. 30 subjects were divided into 2 groups, Group A was taught functional tasks exercise and Group B was taught resistance exercise for both hands, three days per week for total of 4 weeks. For the outcome measures, grip strength was measured using handheld dynamometer and hand function using Michigan hand outcome questionnaire. Findings: There is a statistical significance on comparison of pre and post mean values of functional tasks exercise group on grip strength measurements of both hands (Right p<0.05, Left p<0.05) and 3 components of Michigan hand outcome questionnaire (OAHF: over all hand function (p<0.05), ADL: activity of daily living (p<0.05) and work (p<0.05). The comparison of pre and post mean values of resistance exercise group also shows statistically significant effect on grip strength measurements of both hands (Right p<0.05, Left p<0.05) and 4 components of Michigan hand outcome measure questionnaire (OAHF: over all hand function (p<0.05), ADL: activity of daily living (p<0.05), work (p<0.05) and satisfaction (p<0.05). But there is no statistical significance on comparing the posttest mean values of hand grip strength and Michigan Hand Outcome measure Questionnaire between both the functional tasks exercise (Group A) and resistance exercises (Group B). Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference between functional tasks exercise and resistance exercise in improving the grip strength and hand function in elderly population.
Canonical Variate Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in Plants Exposed to Different Lead Concentrations in Ambient Air Conditions/ Analiza Zmiennych Kanonicznych Zawatości Chlorofilu W Roślinach Eksponowanych Na Różne Stężenia Ołowiu W Powietrzu Atmosferycznym

Streszczenie Praca prezentuje rezultaty biomonitoringu ołowiu w zróżnicowanych warunkach środowiskowych. Do oceny zawartości poziomu ołowiu wykorzystano rośliny życicy wielokwiatowej. Dodatkowo w liściach oznaczono zawartość chlorofilu (a+b, a oraz b) w świeżej masie. Rośliny eksponowano w okresie wegetacyjnym roku 2011 na pięciu stanowiskach badawczych różniących się parametrami środowiskowymi oraz w warunkach kontrolnych. Rośliny eksponowano w 28-dniowych okresach badawczych. Wyniki zawartości Pb oraz poziomów chlorofili w różnych miejscach ekspozycyjnych oraz seriach testowano z zastosowaniem wielowymiarowej analizy wariancji. Wykazano zmienność zawartości Pb oraz poziomów wszystkich form chlorofilu w różnych miejscach ekspozycyjnych i seriach. Najniższe zawartości ołowiu oraz najwyższe poziomy wszystkich form chlorofilu zaobserwowano na stanowisku podmiejskim. W pracy wykazano przydatność analizy zmiennych kanonicznych do graficznej prezentacji wyników biomonitoringu powietrza. Abstract This paper presents the results of biomonitoring of Pb in ambient air. For this purpose Italian ryegrass was used to evaluate Pb level. Additionally chlorophyll forms (a+b, a and b) were measured in leaves. Plants were exposed at 5 sites varying in environmental characteristics in the 2011 growing season. A similar set of plants was conducted in control conditions. Three 28-day long exposure series were performed. The aim of this study was to analyse the relation between Pb level and chlorophyll content in various exposure sites and series using multivariate analysis of variance. The analysis revealed variability of Pb and all chlorophyll forms contents in different exposure sites and series. The lowest level of Pb concentrations was noted at a sub-urban site together with the highest level of all chlorophyll forms contents. Canonical variate analysis could be a proper tool for a graphical data presentation of Pb level in plants exposed to various environmental conditions.
MULTI – ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PURSUIT – EVASION PROBLEM Daniel Hladek

We propose a hierarchical multi-agent control system with a rule based fuzzy system for a pursuit-evasion problem. We state a new representation of this type of problem that is based on fuzzy logic. We can express parts of the available space as fuzzy relations and assign them a name. Fuzzy logic allows easy expression of rules and the multi-agent structure supports separation of team and individual knowledge. An example application domain includes reckon and guard robots, research space probes, coordination of multiple mine sweeping devices or automatic rescue teams.
An Optimized Telecommunication System Topology for Expenditure Minimization and Improved Spectral Utilization Efficiency

Capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) has always been on the high side if transmission networks are not efficiently planned to minimize these costs. The arrays of antenna often sighted on mast/tower around often post a major risk to the industry as CAPEX increases with increased hardware and signal processing cost. This paper explores the use of point to multipoint (PMP) method of backhauling traffic for cognitive radio network as veritable alternative to existing transmission Point to Point (PTP) Topology in other to minimize the CAPEX and OPEX as well as improve spectra utilization efficiency. The work is focused on small cell deployment for more data penetration in a redundant setup to improve system availability. In the work, the Dijkstra Algorithm for Shortest route analysis was used to prove the advantage of Point to multi point approach in the optimal path planning in a transmission network taking cognizance of path costs as the capital expenditure, path loss, latency, throughput, frequency channel allocation. Furthermore, a spectrum utilization problem was defined, formulated and analyzed. Solution of this model was validated using a simulated setup on a section of Ikorodu (6°35”.37 N and 3°31”.53.99 E) transmission axis. Results obtained from the analysis show that our model of PMP method of transmitting/backhauling is more capable of improving the spectral efficiency of a wireless telecommunication network and outperforms the PTP topology on all network measures influencing capital and operational expenditures.
Microbial food web dynamics along a soil chronosequence of a glacier forefield

Abstract. Microbial food webs are critical for efficient nutrient turnover providing the basis for functional and stable ecosystems. However, the successional development of such microbial food webs and their role in "young" ecosystems is unclear. Due to a continuous glacier retreat since the middle of the 19th century, glacier forefields have expanded offering an excellent opportunity to study food web dynamics in soils at different developmental stages. In the present study, litter degradation and the corresponding C fluxes into microbial communities were investigated along the forefield of the Damma glacier (Switzerland). 13C-enriched litter of the pioneering plant Leucanthemopsis alpina (L.) Heywood was incorporated into the soil at sites that have been free from ice for approximately 10, 60, 100 and more than 700 years. The structure and function of microbial communities were identified by 13C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and phospholipid ether lipids (PLEL). Results showed increasing microbial diversity and biomass, and enhanced proliferation of bacterial groups as ecosystem development progressed. Initially, litter decomposition proceeded faster at the more developed sites, but at the end of the experiment loss of litter mass was similar at all sites, once the more easily-degradable litter fraction was processed. As a result incorporation of 13C into microbial biomass was more evident during the first weeks of litter decomposition. 13C enrichments of both PLEL and PLFA biomarkers following litter incorporation were observed at all sites, suggesting similar microbial foodwebs at all stages of soil development. Nonetheless, the contribution of bacteria, especially actinomycetes to litter turnover became more pronounced as soil age increased in detriment of archaea, fungi and protozoa, more prominent in recently deglaciated terrain.
Biologic and Economic Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Cassava Root Meal “Garri” as a Substitute for Maize.

56days experiment was carried out to study the effect of substituting dietary maize with graded levels of cassava root meal “Garri” in broiler chicken diet. The percentage dietary maize in the diet was gradually substituted with cassava root meal at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% respectively in a Completely Randomized Design. Two hundred and twenty (220) day-old unsexed broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the treatments. Each treatment consists of 20 chicks replicated twice with 10 chicks per replicate. Mean weight gain and feed-to-gain ratio of birds fed diets 1 and 2 were significantly (P 0.05) influenced, but others were. Valuesobtained were also within the range reported for healthy birds. The cost variables were significantly (P<0.05) influenced and showed an inverse relationship with the increase substitution of maize with cassava root meal. In conclusion, cassava root meal “Garri” might have depressed revenue slightly it cannot be said to be unprofitable, so it is recommended even at 100%.
Evaluation of effect of tween 80 on characteristics of tadalafil 0.1% suspension

Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor used orally as solid dosage form. The suspension of this drug has been used for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment in pediatrics. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) on the physical characteristics, drug particle size, and stress-shear rate rheogram of tadalafil 0.1% suspension. Several formulations prepared by xanthan gum as suspending agent. Glycerin has been used as wetting agent. The several amounts of Tween 80 were added and the characteristics of suspensions were evaluated during 6 months. The results showed the effect of surfactant on sediment volume and resuspendibility. The particle size of tadalafil was affected by surfactant amount. This result showed an optimum effect of Tween 80 on drug particle size. The viscosity behavior evaluation of tadalafil 0.1% suspension showed Tween 80 effect. This study showed that Tween 80 can dramatically affect viscosity of suspensions. The results of this study have demonstrated the effect of Tween 80 on physical properties of tadalafil 0.1% oral suspension. An ideal drug particle sized was observed in particular amount of Tween 80 (0.15% w/v).
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT FOR NANOFLUIDS

Usual heat transfer fluids with suspended ultra fine particles of nanometer size are named as nanofluids, which have opened a new dimension in heat transfer processes. The recent investigations confirm the potential of nanofluids in enhancing heat transfer required for present age technology. The present investigation goes detailed into investigating the increase of thermal conductivity with temperature for nano fluids with water as base fluid and particles of Al 2 O 3 or CuO as suspension material. A temperature oscillation technique is utilized for the measurement of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity is calculated from it
A Novel Compact UWB Monopole Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics with EBG Structure and Two Folded V-slot for MIMO/Diversity Applications

─ A novel compact, ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna with triple band-notched characteristics are presented for MIMO/diversity applications. Triple band-notched function is achieved by inserting two folded v-slot on the radiation patch and two modified mushrooms-like EBG structure above ground plane on either side of feed line. The designed MIMO antenna has a small size compared to the previous similar designs. With the purpose of mutual coupling reduction between antenna elements, two rows of modified mushroom-like EBG structures are inserted to suppress the effect of the surface wave between antenna elements. The MIMO performance of the proposed antenna is studied through mutual coupling (S12), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain. Index Terms ─ EBG, MIMO monopole antenna, triple band-notch, Ultrawideband (UWB).
O USO DE JOGOS COMO METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL

O presente artigo e resultado de um estudo sobre Jogos como metodologia de ensino de Matematica. O estudo buscou dar respostas a seguinte questao: como fazer uso de jogos na Educacao Infantil de modo a favorecer o ensino de Matematica? Diante desta questao, pretendeu-se com o estudo realizado analisar como as criancas de 4 e 5 anos aprendem, segundo a psicogenese piagetiana; identificar os conteudos de Matematica a serem ensinados na Pre-escola; identificar os jogos que podem ser utilizados para o ensino de Matematica nesse nivel de ensino; sistematizar os conhecimentos em torno dos assuntos abordados. Foi desenvolvido um estudo teorico-bibliografico, de natureza qualitativa, com foco nos jogos como metodologia de ensino, tendo o Construtivismo como base teorica do estudo. Os resultados indicaram, dentre outros aspectos, que os jogos tem um alto potencial pedagogico para o aprendizado do conhecimento logico- matematico, mas nao e qualquer jogo, nem de qualquer maneira. Ha varios jogos que se prestam a esse fim, mas para que se convertam em material pedagogico e preciso haver a intencionalidade do ato. Para tanto, e preciso um planejamento criterioso, com a necessaria previsao de etapas e a observância de alguns cuidados. Palavras-chave: Jogos como Metodologia de Ensino. Matematica. Educacao Infantil.
Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective

A model for the photochemistry of the global troposphere constrained by observed concentrations of H2O, O3, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, and HNO3 is presented. Data for NO and NO2 are insufficient to define the global distribution of these gases but are nonetheless useful in limiting several of the more uncertain parameters of the model. Concentrations of OH, HO2, H2O2, NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HNO2, HO2NO2, CH3O2, CH3OOH, CH2O, and CH3CCl3 are calculated as functions of altitude, latitude, and season. Results imply that the source for nitrogen oxides in the remote troposphere is geographically dispersed and surprisingly small, less than 107 tons N yr−1. Global sources for CO and CH4 are 1.5 × 109 tons C yr−1 and 4.5 × 108 tons C yr−1, respectively. Carbon monoxide is derived from combustion of fossil fuel (15%) and oxidation of atmospheric CH4 (25%), with the balance from burning of vegetation and oxidation of biospheric hydrocarbons. Production of CO in the northern hemisphere exceeds that in the southern hemisphere by about a factor of 2. Industrial and agricultural activities provide approximately half the global source of CO. Oxidation of CO and CH4 provides sources of tropospheric O3 similar in magnitude to loss by in situ photochemistry. Observations of CH3CCl3 could offer an important check of the tropospheric model and results shown here suggest that computed concentrations of OH should be reliable within a factor of 2. A more definitive test requires better definition of release rates for CH3CCl3 and improved measurements for its distribution in the atmosphere.
Experimental realization of a switchable filter based on a dynamically transformable array

Xin Chen (陈 新), Jinsong Gao (高劲松), and Bonan Kang (康博南)* State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China *Corresponding author: kbonan@163.com Received May 7, 2018; accepted June 13, 2018; posted online July 30, 2018
2 What You See Is Not What You Execute

This is a survey paper investigating approaches to static program analysis on executable code. Analysis on executable code is important because in some cases the source code does not describe what happens during execution well enough. In other cases, only the executable may be available. Several difficulties are involved in analysing executables though, including incomplete information about the program flow, missing information about program variables, bit manipulation etc. This article surveys different suggested approaches to overcome some of these problems.
Impact of aerosols on the OMI tropospheric NO2 retrievals over industrialized regions how accurate is the aerosol correction of cloud-free scenes via a simple cloud model?

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has pro-vided daily global measurements of tropospheric NO 2 for more than a decade. Numerous studies have drawn atten-tion to the complexities related to measurements of tropospheric NO 2 in the presence of aerosols. Fine particles affect the OMI spectral measurements and the length of the average light path followed by the photons. However, they are not explicitly taken into account in the current operational OMI tropospheric NO 2 retrieval chain (DOMINO – Deriva-tion of OMI tropospheric NO 2 ) product. Instead, the operational OMI O 2 − O 2 cloud retrieval algorithm is applied both to cloudy and to cloud-free scenes (i.e. clear sky) dominated by the presence of aerosols. This paper describes in detail the complex interplay between the spectral effects of aerosols in the satellite observation and the associated response of the OMI O 2 − O 2 cloud retrieval algorithm. Then, it evalu-ates the impact on the accuracy of the tropospheric NO 2 retrievals through the computed Air Mass Factor (AMF) with a focus on cloud-free scenes. For that purpose, collocated OMI NO 2 and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spec-troradiometer) Aqua aerosol products are analysed over the strongly industrialized East China area. In addition, aerosol effects on the tropospheric NO 2 AMF and the retrieval of OMI cloud parameters are simulated. Both the observation-based and the simulation-based approach demonstrate that the retrieved cloud fraction increases with increasing Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), but the magnitude of this increase depends on the aerosol properties and surface albedo. This increase is induced by the additional scattering effects of aerosols which enhance the scene brightness. The decreasing effective cloud pressure with increasing AOT primarily represents the shielding effects of the O 2 − O 2 column located below the aerosol layers. The study cases show that the aerosol correction based on the implemented OMI cloud model results in biases between − 20 and − 40% for the DOMINO tropospheric NO 2 product in cases of high aerosol pollution (AOT ≥ 0 . 6) at elevated altitude. These biases result from a combination of the cloud model error, used in the presence of aerosols, and the limitations of the current OMI cloud Look-Up-Table (LUT). A new LUT with a higher sampling must be designed to remove the complex behaviour between these biases and AOT. In contrast, when aerosols are relatively close to the surface or mixed with NO 2 , aerosol correction based on the cloud model results in an overestimation of the DOMINO tropospheric NO 2 column, between 10 and 20%. These numbers are in line with comparison studies between ground-based and OMI tropospheric NO 2 measurements in the presence of high aerosol pollution and particles located at higher altitudes. This highlights the need to imple-ment an improved aerosol correction in the computation of tropospheric NO 2 AMFs.