Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) and Alpine accentor (Prunella collaris) ALAD gene molecular genetic characteristics

In recent years, in the alpine and sub alpine area of the High Tatra Mts. , threshold concentration of heavy metal lead has often been detected. Recent research studies contain data of alpine vegetation affected by the airborne lead and other metals containing pollutants (Janiga 2002). It is well known, that especially in the Tatra Mountains there are significant correlations between the orography and rainfall composition (Gazda and Hanzel 1978,Koncek et al. 1973). Long-term exposure to the limit values for lead in the environment has adverse impact on the organisms of vertebrates. In birds, there are changes in the kidneys, especially mitochondrial alteration and loss of enzyme activity involved in the synthesis of heme ALAD (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) (Hutton 1980). Studies focused on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in birds show the same enzymatic ALAD activity inhibition and increasing metal accumulation in the tissues (Vanparys et al. 2008). The reduction of ALAD activity correlates with the accumulation of lead, which was recorded in waterfowl, bird raptors or passerine species (Dieter et al. 1979, Beyer et al. 1988, Hoffman et al. 1981, Henny et al. 1994). In mammals, including humans, chronic exposure to lead causes the changes in haematopoiesis, gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and accumulation in bone tissues is also detected. The most significant lead intoxication effect is decrease of heme synthesis. The synthesis process is affected by high erythrocyte membrane permeability for lead, which is ten times higher than for calcium. Final effect of lead accumulation in erythrocytes is interference with heme synthesis degrees. Inhibition starts at blood lead concentration 15μg/100 ml. The ferochelatase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ALA – dehydrogenase are inhibited. The most sensitive indicator of lead intoxication is the heme biosynthesis enzyme – ALAD (Ava and Luz 2000).
Spectral Representation for Branching Processes with Immigration on the Real Half Line

§ Oo Introduction In the previous paper JJT], we have obtained the spectral representation for the semigroups of continuous state branching processes (CBprocesses). In this paper, we shall obtain the analogous results for continuous state branching processes with immigration (CBI-processes). CBI-processes were introduced by Kawazu and Watanabe Q3] as a continuous version of Galton-Watson processes with immigration and our results are similar to those of Karlin and McGregor []2] for GaltonWatson processes with immigration. When CBI-processes are diffusions, our representations are some concrete examples of the general represen
Male mate choice in Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana at Mt. Huangshan, China

Though females are generally more selective in mate choice, males may also benefit from mate choice if male repro- ductive success is limited by factors other than simply the number of female mates, and if females differ in short-term reproduc- tive potential. We studied male mate choice in a free-ranging troop of Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana at Mt. Huangshan, China, from August 2007 to April 2008. We employed focal animal sampling and all occurrence sampling to record sexual related behaviors. Eight adult females were divided into three female quality categories according to the females' age, rank and parity. Using male mating effort as a proxy for male mate choice, we found that males do distinguish female quality and show time-variant mating strategies. Specifically, females with dominant rank, high fecundity, and middle age attracted significantly more males. Our results suggest that female short-term reproductive potential appears to be an important variable in determining male mating effort. Male Tibetan macaques do exercise mate choice for higher quality females as well as reduce useless repro- ductive cost, which is consistent with the direct benefits theory of mate choice (Current Zoology 56 (2): 213-221, 2010).
A multilocus comparative study of dispersal in three codistributed demersal sharks from eastern Australia

Demersal elasmobranchs are ecologically important mesopredators but little is known about their population connectivity or dispersal patterns. Here we use a comparative approach based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to examine spatial genetic structure and dispersal in three closely related demersal elasmobranchs from eastern Australia: Orectolobus halei, Orectolobus maculatus, and Orectolobus ornatus. We found evidence of significant spatial genetic structure, possibly indicating regional philopatry in wobbegongs. The molecular data also indicate that dispersal in wobbegongs may be sex-biased. This represents the first genetic study of dispersal and population connectivity in codistributed demersal sharks. It provides insights into the ecology of dispersal behaviours with implications for conservation management of demersal species.
ANALYTIC APPROACH FOR THE STUDY OF AIR AND/OR LIQUID FILLED GEOMEMBRANE TUBE SECTIONS ON A HORIZONTAL

This study considers an air and liquid-filled geomembrane tube section resting on a horizontal foundation. All quantities are normalized to obtain geometrically similar solutions in the static equilibrium condition. Analytic solutions are expressed in closed form. The solution for the air or liquid-filled tube section is derived systematically as an extreme case of the air and liquidfilled tube section. The validity of these solutions is confirmed by comparing to previous study, and some results are shown for the characteristic parameters and shapes of air and/or liquid-filled cases. Using the result of present study, one can estimate the shape and characteristic parameters of a tube section without numerical integrations or iterations.
An evaluation of the viability of a single monetary zone in ECOWAS

Currency convertibility and monetary integration activities of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are directed at addressing the problems of multiple currencies and exchange rate changes that are perceived as stumbling blocks to regional integration. A real exchange rate (RER) variability model shows that ECOWAS is closer to a monetary union now than before. As expected, the implementation of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) by various governments in the subregion has brought about a reasonable level of convergence. However, wide differences still exist between RER shocks facing CFA zone and non-CFA zone West African countries. Further convergence in economic policy and alternatives to dependence on revenues from taxes on international transactions are required for a stable region-wide monetary union in West Africa.
A longitudinal study on stress sources perceived by Chilean dental students

Introduction: Establishing the perception of academic stress by university students is highly relevant to obtain valuable feedback on the efficiency and acceptability of educational methods. Objective: To evaluate the differences in stress factors perceived by first-year dental students during the first and second semesters according to gender. Materials and methods: Exploratory, non-experimental, longitudinal descriptive study. The Spanish version of the Dental Environment Stressors (DES) questionnaire was applied, adapted and validated for the dental students of the San Sebastian University (Concepcion, Chile) in May and October 2016. The sample consisted of 83 first-year students evaluated. A general comparison of the variables under study (stress and its dimensions) was made for both periods, considering genders and using the Student’s t-test. Fisher’s F test was used after estimating whether or not there was equality of variances between the groups. Results: The second measurement revealed that the “clinical training” dimension in women was the only component that showed significant differences with values above the mean. Conclusion: The perception of stress was estimated for all items of the DES questionnaire, obtaining a higher score in the “clinical training” dimension in women.
A parallel view for search engines

To engineer a search engine is a challenging task. Search engines index tens to hundreds of millions of web pages involving a comparable number of distinct terms. They answer tens of n-tillions of queries every day. Despite the importance of large-scale search engines on the Web, very little academic research has been done on them. Furthermore, due to rapid advance in technology and web proliferation, creating a web search engine today is very different from years ago. In most papers the index simply ”is”, without discussion of how it was created. But for a indexing scheme to be useful it must be possible for the index to be constructed in a reasonable amount of time, and so papers describing complex indexing methods should also describe and analyze a mechanism whereby the index can be built. Scalability is of concern during index construction as well as during query processing. This paper describes the cooperative work between the Crawler, Indexer and the Searcher. Key-Words: Search Engine, Web, Crawler, Index, Searcher, Inverted Lists, BSP
An Intelligent Distributed K-means Algorithm over Cloudera /Hadoop

The 21 century evolved with tsunami of data generation by the human civilization that has delivered new words like Big Data to the world of vocabulary. Digitization process has almost overtaken all the major sectors and it has played a pivotal role of dominance as for as virtual digital world is concerned. This in turn has landed us in most debated term “Big Data” in the present decade. Big Data has made the traditional relational databases (RDMS) handicapped in terms of their huge size and speed of its creation. The hunger to manage and process this gigantic complex heterogeneous data, has again followed the age old rule of “Necessity is the mother of Invention”, and came up with idea of HadoopMapReduce for the same. The given work uses KMeans clustering algorithm on a benchmark MRI dataset from OASIS database, in order to cluster the data based upon their visual similarity, using WEKA. Until a threshold size it worked out and after that compelled WEKA to prompt an emergency message “out of memory” on display. A Map/Reduce version of K-means is implemented on top of Hadoop using R, so as to cure this problem. The given algorithm is evaluated using Speedup, Scale up and Size up parameters and it neatly performed better as the size of the input data gets increased.
A NOVEL METHOD TO INVESTIGATE PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF CANCERS USING A MICROFLUIDIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY SYSTEM

This paper presents a massively multiplexed and quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) platform using microfluidics technology. The device was fabricated with two-step multiplayer soft lithography and a microvalve was integrated to simultaneously flow 10 biomarkers into individual reaction channel. The microfluidic massive IHC system enabled 20 IHC assays on a biological specimen at the same time, saving 16-fold time consumption. Moreover, the expressions of the biomarkers were quantitatively compared. The immunohistochemical staining from the microfluidic system showed accurate localization and comparable quality with that of conventional IHC method. Proteomic profiling was examined for 4 breast cancer cell lines, AU-565, HCC70, MCF-7 and SK-BR-3. The microfluidic massive IHC system is expected to be useful for accurate histopathological diagnosis using numerous specific biomarkers at a time.
Toward Understanding Subtle Instrumentation Effects Associated with Weak Seismic Events in the Near Field

Abstract Broadband observations of small earthquakes at short epicentral distances reveal a mixture of near-field effects and instrumental artifacts. We investigated these phenomena at a station equipped with an STS-2 and CMG-40T sensor situated almost above shallow M 3.0 to 3.8 events (peak ground acceleration 2×10 -1 m/sec 2 ). The horizontal components were systematically accompanied by tiltlike disturbances, and the tilt obtained from the STS-2 records exceeded more than 10 times the values predicted by the source model. We also observed a so far uncommonly recognized type of disturbance, whose shape is the first derivative of the tiltlike disturbance. The most likely explanation seems to be clipping of high-frequency signal peaks within the sensor system. A computational model of a broadband feedback velocimeter as a linear dynamic system with saturation proved this interpretation on a qualitative level. Generally, any asymmetry in the transfer of high frequencies in the feedback velocimeter would produce a long-period disturbance of this type. Users of near-fault broadband velocigrams may numerically simulate the disturbances, without any knowledge of their physical nature, and subtract them from the records. The decontaminated records still may have a strange, bow-shaped form, related to the near-field ramp and the static displacement (of the order of 1×10 -5 m in this article). The effects studied in this article seem to have a general character, for apparently any feedback-controlled broadband velocimeter.
Tpda2 Algorithm for Learning Bn Structure From Missing Value and Outliers in Data Mining

: Three-Phase Dependency Analysis (TPDA) algorithm was proved as most efficient algorithm (which requires at most O(N 4 ) Conditional Independence (CI) tests). By integrating TPDA with “node topological sort algorithm”, it can be used to learn Bayesian Network (BN) structure from missing value (named as TPDA 1 algorithm). And then, outlier can be reduced by applying an “outlier detection & removal algorithm” as pre-processing for TPDA 1 . TPDA 2 algorithm proposed consists of those ideas, outlier detection & removal, TPDA, and node topological sort node.
Comparison of Transverse Flux Rotary Machines with Different Stator Core Topologies

The objective of this paper is to provide a comparison between two transverse flux rotary machines (TFRM) with different topologies of stator cores. Depending on how to make stator core with laminated steel sheets, the one topology is ‘perpendicular stacking core’ and the other is ‘separated core. ’ Both of the two cores have been designed considering 3-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux path with the same output power conditions, but the core losses are quite different and it causes different magnetic and thermal characteristics. For comparison of these two topologies of stator cores, therefore, core losses have been calculated and used as a heat source in noload conditions, and the thermal stress has been also calculated. 3-D finite element method has been used for the magnetic field, thermal, and stress analysis to consider the 3-D flux path of the TFRM. After comparing the analysis results of the two topologies, experimental results are also presented and discussed.
Safety and Efficacy of Peptide Based Vaccines

A vaccine is a biological preparation which produces immunity from diseases or infections. A vaccine can be administered by either of the route, orally (through mouth) or through needle injections or by aerosol [1]. Vaccine development process involves induction of inactive organism or live attenuated for antigen specific responses. With ever increasing development in rDNA technology, it is possible to dichotomize the epitopes (anti-genic determinant) from tumor cell and antibodies usually linked to surface proteins or pathogen, which are generated after the disruption of the pathogens and these proteins stimulate an immune response. Based on this phenomenon peptide vaccine can be developed and used as vaccine. There are some examples of peptide vaccine like ALVAC-CEA, TA-NIC, HPV, NicVAX-TA-CD. Vaccines have been used very effectively from several decades for reducing mortality and morbidity rate due to infectious diseases. The main reason of stress for vaccines, such as those that involve whole organisms or large proteins, and they appear to be the addition of unnecessary antigenic load, that is not contributed to protective immune responses. The peptide vaccine is an attractive alternative strategy, and this is used in isolation, these often weakly possess the ability to elicit an immune response and require particulate carriers for delivery named adjuvant. This article deals with the use of peptide based vaccine and their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Additionally, it also discussed the whole pharmacological activity in regards to new development and challenges in peptide based vaccine therapy.
Multiscale Simulations Using Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP) Method And SAMRAI Parallel Processing

: In the simulation of a wide range of mechanics problems including impact/contact/penetration and fracture, the material point method (MPM), Sulsky, Zhou and Shreyer (1995), demonstrated its computational capabilities. To resolve alternating stress sign and instability problems associated with conventional MPM, Bar-denhagen and Kober (2004) introduced recently the generalized interpolation material point (GIMP) method and implemented for one-dimensional simulations. In this paper we have extended GIMP to 2D and applied to simulate simple tension and indentation problems. For simulations spanning multiple length scales, based on the continuum mechanics approach, we present a parallel GIMP computational method using the Structured Adaptive Mesh Reﬁnement Application Infrastructure (SAM-RAI). SAMRAI is used for multi-processor distributed memory computations, as a platform for domain decomposition, and for multi-level reﬁnement of the computational domain. Nested computational grid levels (with successive spatial and temporal reﬁnements) are used in GIMP simulations to improve the computational accuracy and to reduce the overall computational time. The domain of each grid level is divided into multiple rectangular patches for parallel processing. This domain decomposition embedded in SAMRAI is very ﬂexible when applied to GIMP. As an example to validate the parallel GIMP computing scheme under SAMRAI parallel computing environment, numerical simulations with multiple length scales from nanometer to millimeter were conducted on a 2D nanoindentation problem. A contact al-1
Individualized Housing Careers in Early Adulthood: Conditions and Constraints in a Familistic Society

This article discusses the unsteady and uncertain conditions in which a potentially individualized life course co-exists with and survives in a so-called institutionalized, standardized, familistic and sub-protective society. For the purpose, non-family living in early adulthood in a southern European country (Portugal) is taken as the example. On one hand, data from the 2006 European Social Survey (23 countries, N=43000) is used to contextualize the Portuguese transition to adulthood and the preconceptions about the so-called familistic societies in general. On the other hand, data on events and values from a small sample of young adults living alone in Portugal (aged 24-30, N=120, approximately 1% of the universe considered), along with official statistics on a housing programme for these young adults (Rental Incentive for Young People), allows us to analytically deconstruct preconceptions about the relation between intergenerational support and welfare policies in familistic societies. This data demonstrates most of all how a mismatch between the still-prevailing institutionalization of life courses in some societies and the reflexivity characterizing contemporary biographies produces critical points in young people's lives. It also demonstrates the adaptability of family cultures to these ‘choice biographies’ in comparison to the lack of adaptability of some youth policies, in particular those involving housing. These processes of mismatching and misunderstanding reflect and promote the inadequacy and inefficiency of communication between youth research and policy-making.
Design of a new tendon driven haptic interface with six degrees of freedom

A six degrees-of-freedom manipulator with force feedback capabilities has been designed for using as a haptic interface (HI) in virtual environments and teleoperators. The HI system is devised to address tasks performed by people with small tools, involving dextrous manipulation. The proposed manipulator new kinematics is fully parallel and actuator redundant. Actuator redundancy refers to the addition of more actuators than strictly necessary to control the mechanism, without increasing the mobility. The use of this form of redundancy includes the ability to partially control the internal forces and augments the kinematic dexterity. A new tendon drive is used for each of the six degrees of freedom, allowing all actuators to be fixed to the ground. Kinematic optimization of the dexterity and redundant actuation analysis of the manipulator has been developed.
Adaptive neural network control for stochastic constrained block structure nonlinear systems with dynamical uncertainties

Stochastic adaptive dynamic surface control is presented for a class of uncertain multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and full state constraints in this paper. The controller is constructed by combining the dynamic surface control with radial basis function neural networks for the MIMO stochastic nonlinear systems. The nonlinear mapping is applied to guarantee the state constraints being not violated. The unmodeled dynamics is disposed through introducing an available dynamic signal. It is proved that all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded in probability and the error signals are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square or the sense of four‐moment and the state constraints are confirmed in probability. Simulation results are offered to further illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Comparison of the Performance Speed of the Induction Motor Drives by the Predictive Control and PI Regulator, Using Space Vector Modulation

The predictive control is born of a real need in the industry. A need for systems capable of regulating higher performance than conventional controllers (PID), while respecting the constraints of operation and producing even higher. Many predictive control algorithms have been developed and their differences are based on the types of prediction model used to represent the process, the noise and the performance function to be minimized. In this paper the generalized predictive control (GPC) is used on the induction machine for speed control. The philosophy of this command is based on four main ideas reproducing the basic decision-making mechanisms of human behavior: Creating an anticipatory effect by exploiting the path to follow in the future definition of a numerical model prediction, minimizating of a quadratic criterion with finite horizon. We present in this paper a comparative study between two control strategy of electrical machines for controlling the speed The comparison is based on several criteria including: static and dynamic performance, structure and implementation complexity, Also, we present in this study the advantages and disadvantages of each control scheme, the best is the one that better meets the requirements.
Do children in private Schools learn more than in public Schools? Evidence from Mexico

In this study I try to answer the question whether private schools do better in the human capital accumulation process than public schools in Mexico. The analysis is based on panel data including out-of-school cognitive skill tests, which allows dealing with some potential endogeneity problems due to the selection process into private schools. The absolute advantage of private school graduates in cognitive skills disappears once controlling for the selection bias, where no positive eect is found anymore.