Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lock-Ins and Agency: Towards an Embedded Approach of Individual Pathways in the Walloon Dairy Sector

As the 2009 dairy crisis drew attention to the situation of dairy farmers in Europe, the extent of strategical power left to farmers in dairy cooperatives of increasing size is a frequently raised issue. Four dairy cooperatives collect 97% of the milk in the Walloon Region (in the southern part of Belgium). Two of them integrated agro-food multinationals. We decided to analyze the trajectories of Walloon dairy farmers exploring alternatives to the delivery of milk to these mainstream dairy cooperatives. We focused on the territories situated to the east of the Walloon Region, where dairy farming represents 75% of farming revenues. Alternatives consist either of processing milk on farm or in concluding a contract with a cheese processor collecting milk directly from farmers. Our objective was to understand the issues faced in these alternative trajectories and the reason why these alternatives remained marginal. We designed a qualitative case study based on interviews with farmers and local cheese processors. We mobilized evolutionary approaches on the stability and transitions of systems and approaches of change at the farmer level. It appears that the alternative trajectories remain embedded in a broader dairy context. The lock-ins emerging from this context determine the evolution of the farming model towards intensification and the individual identity and capabilities of farmers. We present a model of interconnected and embedded lock-ins, from the organizational frame of the regime to the individual frame. This model illustrates how the agency articulates with structural dynamics. We propose structural measures in the organization of agricultural education and in terms of support to alternative supply chains that will enhance agency in favor of a change.
On the Market Timing and Feedback Effect of Hedging: Evidence from U.S. Oil and Gas Producers

Using a hand-collected data, we find large variations in hedging intensity and hedging profits among U.S. oil and gas producers while on average they generate significant positive profits. The profits relate positively to the intensity of hedging. Further decomposition shows that the profits relate strongly and positively to the market timing component of the hedging. Some firms can consistently generate profits from their hedging activities. Among firms who actively change their hedging positions, the winners tend to be larger firms. The hedging outcome does not increase equity beta while the pure hedging component tends to decrease equity beta. The oil and gas producers do not profit from interest rate or foreign exchange derivative transactions.
Talent management in a Swedish public hospital

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of how talent management (TM) unfolds in practice in a public organization.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory single case study was conducted of a Swedish public hospital, based on interviews, observations and documents.FindingsThe findings illustrate that despite a highly egalitarian and collectivist context, the hospital adopted an exclusive approach to TM, and a talent was not considered or identified through formal performance appraisals, but through informal criteria. The rationale behind this approach is influenced by the surrounding context, including the implementation of an innovative and strategically important practice, and the highly professionalized context.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offered a rich view of how TM unfolds in practice, which may not always be possible using large sample, survey studies; however, it limited the generalizability.Practical implicationsThe study points to important issues when designing TM.Originality/valueThe paper addresses two main shortcomings in the TM literature: the under-researched context of public organizations and the lack of contextual awareness. The empirically driven analysis constitutes an important step for further theory development regarding exclusive/inclusive approaches in TM.
The satisfaction of police officers and their spouses with 12-hour shift work schedules

The satisfaction of police officers and their spouses with two 12-hour compressed work week shift schedules and two traditional 8-hour shift schedules was examined. Data were collected from three detachments of the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary using structured interview and questionnaire procedures. Additionally, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1987) was used in a follow-up mail survey of spouses to assess the impact of the stress of police work and shift work on the quality of marital adjustment. The instruments were administered from May to September, 1994. -- In each detachment a number of groups were surveyed: the constables working the 12-hour shifts (N = 122); the shift working supervisors (N = 12); the day working supervisors (N = 7); and the spouses of the constables and supervisors working the 12-hour shifts N =77). Comparisons were drawn between the two types of 12-hour shift schedules and between the 12-hour shift schedules and the two 8-hour shift schedules previously worked in the detachments. Comparisons were also drawn between the constables, supervisors, and spouses within the detachments. -- The data provided support for the major hypothesis of this study: workers and their spouses preferred the 12-hour compressed work week shift schedules over the 8-hour shift schedules. There was no correlation between the composite satisfaction scores of workers and their spouses, implying that the factors which foster satisfaction for a worker are different from those which foster satisfaction for that worker's spouse. Surveyed spouses had, on average, a lower level of adjustment in their marriages than did respondents from previously studied non-police families. The workers reported no change in their quality of sleep or their levels of fatigue after the change to the 12-hour shift schedules. The high preference and satisfaction levels were related to the longer periods of consecutive time off and free weekend time. Overall, the 12-hour compressed work week shift schedule appeared to meet the psychosocial needs of most of the police officers and the spouses surveyed.
Care and nutrition

Care is the provision in the household and the community of time, attention and support to meet the physical, mental, and social needs of the growing child and other household members (ICN 1992). This provision of time, attention, and support is manifest in certain types of behaviors exhibited by caregivers (typically women ): (1) care for pregnant and lactating women, such as providing appropriate rest time or increased food intake; (2) breast-feeding and feeding of very young children; (3) psychosocial stimulation of children and support for their development; (4) food preparation and food storage behaviors; (5) hygiene behaviors; and (6) care for children during illness, including diagnosis of illness and health-seeking behaviors (Engle 1992). Provision of these behaviors depends on the availability of the resources for care at the household level: education and knowledge, health of the caregiver, time, autonomy, and social support. Although many researchers over the past 30 years have emphasized the importance of behavioral factors for adequate child growth in conditions of poverty and food constraints (Sims, Paolucci, and Morris 1972), the linkages between food availability, caregiving behaviors, and child nutrition are now being recognized at a policy level (ICN 1992). The conceptual model underlying the role of care in child nutrition has been applied more frequently over the past 10 years (UNICEF 1990). This paper will review new conceptual developments and the implications for the measurement and monitoring of care resources and care behaviors. Section 2 reviews the evolution of the original care conceptual model. Sections 3 and 4 review the development of indicators for care resources and care behaviors, respectively. Section 5 concludes with suggestions for further research.
Vitiligo in children

ABSTRACT: Hundred children (upto 12 years of age) with vitiligo seen over a 1-year period were evaluated for their clinical pattern and therapeutic response to various modalities. Maximum number (29 percent) of patients were in the age group 6 to 9 years. Most of the patients (94 percent) had upto 5 percent skin involvement and the commonest (61 percent) clinical variant was vitiligo vulgaris followed by focal vitiligo (23 percent). None of the patients had any associated systemic diseases. Most satisfactory response was seen with PUVA-Sol and systemic corticosteroid combination. Overall good response with topical corticosteroids was seen in 44 (55 percent) patients. Lesions over the face showed best response. There was no correlation of response to treatment with age, sex, duration of disease and family history of vitiligo.
AI-Based Physical and Virtual Platform with 5-Layered Architecture for Sustainable Smart Energy City Development

To build sustainable smart energy cities (SECs) around the world, many countries are now combining customized services and businesses within their energy infrastructure and urban environments. Such changes could then promote the development of platforms that ultimately provide benefits for citizens such as convenience, safety, and cost savings. Currently, the development of technologies for SECs focuses on independent products and unit technology. However, this is problematic, as it may not be possible to develop sustainable cities if there is a lack of connectivity between various elements within the SEC. To solve such problems, this paper presents an AI-based physical and virtual platform using a 5-layer architecture to develop a sustainable smart energy city (SSEC). The architecture employs both a top-down and bottom-up approach and the links between each energy element in the SSEC can readily be analyzed. The economic analysis based on return on investment (ROI) is carried out by comparing the economic benefits before and after the application of this system. Deploying the proposed platform will enable the speedy development and application of new services for SSECs and will provide SSECs with measures to ensure sustainable development, such as rapid urban development, and cost reductions.
Spatial Microeconomics: Implications for the Use of Concentration Ratios to Represent Monopoly Power

The Department of Justice typically uses concentration ratios in antitrust litigations to demonstrate the degree of monopoly power as well as the anti-competitive impact on mergers. However, the empirical research generally shows only a weak relationship between concentration and competitive position. The purpose of this presentation is to add another voice to those challenging regulators' reliance on the assumption of a concentration to a higher collusive price to market power causal relationship.
Pathologies associées au virus HTLV-1 à Dakar (1992-1995)

Afin d'apprecier l'implication du virus HTLV-1 (Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1) dans diverses pathologies, une etude clinique et biologique a ete conduite dans 3 services hospitaliers de Dakar, Service de Neurologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fann (845 patients) de 1992 a 1995, Service de Dermatologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Le Dantec et Service d'Oncologie de l'Hopital Principal (7 patients) en 1994 et 1995. En neurologie, l'implication globale des retrovirus humains a paru faible (HTLV-1: 2 %, VIH: 3 %) et seuls 6 cas de paraparesie spastique tropicale (PST) associes a la presence d'anticorps anti-HTLV-1 specifiques ont ete diagnostiques chez 3 hommes et 3 femmes âges de 51 ans. Ces cas etaient non distincts des cas de PST decrits aux Antilles et au Japon, ce qui confirme que cette pathologie existe au Senegal. Trois cas de paralysie faciale isolee, survenue chez des patients VIH positifs, ont ete egalement observes. Les co-infections VIH/HTLV-1, au nombre de 3, ne revetaient pas d'aspect clinique particulier. Par ailleurs, 4 patients presentant une leucemie lymphome T de l'adulte (ATL) ont ete depistes. Il s'agissait dans 2 cas d'une forme leucemique avec proliferation des CD4+ et des CD25+ et hypercalcemie et, dans un cas, d'une forme lymphomateuse. Dans un de ces cas d'ATL, les auteurs ont montre l'existence de deux provirus dans les cellules tumorales circulantes. Il s'agissait des premiers cas d'ATL decrits au Senegal. La caracterisation moleculaire d'une partie du gene d'enveloppe (gp 21) provenant de patients hospitalises en milieu neurologique et presentant une PST, a demontre que le virus present au Senegal appartenait au type cosmopolite HTLV-1 A. Ce travail prouve l'existence des deux types de maladies associees a l'HTLV-1 au Senegal. Il devrait permettre la mise en place d'etudes epidemiologiques visant a apprecier la reelle prevalence de ce virus et des maladies qui lui sont associees. La prevention devrait passer, en partie, par un depistage systematique des donneurs de sang tel qu'il vient de debuter au Centre de Transfusion Sanguine de Dakar.
The influence of Obesity on outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty

With the rising obesity and the increasing age of the population, a large proportion of patients who undergo Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) are obese. Knowing the health risks associated with obesity, it is important to determine if the outcomes of a TKA is compromised in obese patients. Significant discrepancies in the findings of previous studies assessing the effect of body mass index (BMI) on TKA outcomes were observed in a literature review, thus making it difficult to confirm an effect of obesity measured as BMI on the outcomes after TKA. This thesis comprises two studies which further explored the effects of BMI and other body composition measures on the outcome of TKA. 1. The aim of a retrospective epidemiological study was to assess the effect of BMI on patient reported outcomes after TKA. 2. The aim of the prospective cohort study was to assess the effect of body composition, measured by waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), ultrasonography (US) and BMI, on patient reported outcomes after TKA. It was concluded from these two studies that group division of obesity based on the classification of BMI greater or less than 30 kg/m2 could not identify an effect of obesity on outcomes. However, on using BMI as a continuous variable, an adverse effect of BMI on knee function and overall physical health was evident for higher BMI ranges. Body composition measures of BIA and US did not detect an effect of obesity for any outcomes. Effect of obesity detected by BMI and WC was similar. The negative association of BMI and outcomes observed was very weak across BMI ranges of 25-30 kg/m2and a significant association was achieved due to poorer patient reported physical function (indicated by Short Form 12 and Oxford Knee Score questionnaires) in some cases with very high BMI values (> 40 kg/m2). In addition to this finding, the lack of group difference when outcomes were evaluated across a BMI of 30 kg/m2in the two studies and the disparity between studies in the results when using a BMI classification of 30 kg/m2 supported the conclusion that a BMI classification across a cut-off value of 30 kg/m2 does not predict a poor result in obese after TKA. However, because of the limited number of highly obese (> 35kg/m2) participants in both studies of the thesis and often in previous studies, no definite conclusions regarding the effect of higher obesity levels on the outcome of TKR can be drawn from the studies in this thesis. Adequately powered future studies with more morbidly obese participants could give more definitive answers to the effect of BMI and other measures of body composition on outcomes following TKA.
Contemporary Human Resource Management Practices in Russia: Flexibility under Uncertainty

Abstract This article develops the concept of flexibility in Human Resource Management (HRM) practices which can increase a company’s potential to respond to substantial variation in the business environment. It reveals the characteristics of flexible HRM practices in Russian companies in an uncertain external and internal environment. Cranet survey data gathered from October 2014 until March 2015 is used for measuring the environmental uncertainty and flexibility of staffing, training, and development, pay, employee relations, and communication. A comparison of the flexibility indices for the four HRM practices shows a higher level of flexibility in training and development practices. The research results confirm a direct positive relationship between the complexity of the environment and the flexibility of HRM practices.
Family businesses, risk and adverse selection in the agency relationship

The objective of this article is to review the literature on family businesses in relation to risk and adverse selection. Outstanding aspects such as the relationship with finances, socio-emotional wealth, incentives, problems of management and business performance, agency costs, diversification, succession, risk, institutionality and agency costs were found. In many cases the results are inconclusive and contradictory. However, it was possible to identify that organizational cultures can be explained from changing environments. This generates new risks and uncertainties in the organization. The relevance of the speed of information exchange in the market as a source of risk and adverse selection was also identified.RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre las empresas de familia en relación con el riesgo y la selección adversa. Se encontraron aspectos destacados como la relación con las finanzas, la riqueza socioemocional, los incentivos, los problemas de la gestión y el desempeño empresarial, los costos de agencia, la diversificación, la sucesión, el riesgo, la institucionalidad y los costos de agencia. En muchos casos los resultados no son concluyentes y son contradictorios. Sin embargo, se logró identificar que las culturas organizacionales se pueden explicar a partir de los entornos cambiantes. Esto genera nuevos riesgos e incertidumbres en la organización. También se identificó la relevancia de la velocidad de intercambio de información en el mercado como fuente de riesgo y selección adversa.RESUMOO objetivo deste artigo é revisar a literatura sobre empresas de familia em relação ao risco e seleção adversa. Encontramos aspectos marcantes como a relação com finanças, riqueza socioemocional, incentivos, problemas de gestão e desempenho empresarial, custos de agência, diversificação, sucessão, risco, institucionalidade e custos de agência. Em muitos casos, os resultados são inconclusivos e contraditórios. No entanto, foi possível identificar que as culturas organizacionais podem ser explicadas a partir de ambientes em mudança. Isso gera novos riscos e incertezas na organização. A relevância da velocidade de troca de informações no mercado como fonte de risco e seleção adversa também foi identificada.
National Identity of Mass Media: Retrospective Study of the Russian Language Mass Media Prevalence in Eastern Europe

The research focuses on the issues, concerning the national identity of mass media in the era of globalization. It was the attempt to examine the linguistic situation in the multi-ethnic society, which consists of clearly defined groups of national minorities. Revealing the problems and consequences of language groups’ shift through mass media became the main objective of the research. The retrospective data on the Russian language mass media prevalence in the Eastern European countries (for example, of Estonia) were used as an analytical background. In Estonia, almost half of the Russian-speaking population cannot follow mass media due to limited knowledge of the language. These particularities for 1998-2013 were described in this article. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the major part of the Russian-speaking population of Estonia mainly follows the Russian television channels and, therefore, is more integrated in the Russian information realm than in Estonian. The multidirectional dynamics of mass media activity on prevalence was revealed. The contradictions between the Russian and Estonian mass media, Estonia and the EU on multilingual social mass media role were highlighted in the article.
FAILING TO PREDICT FUTURE CHANGES IN MEMORY: A Stability Bias Yields Long-Term Overconfidence

Author Note Nate Kornell, Department of Psychology, Williams College. Thanks to Robert Bjork and Matt Hays for their comments on a draft of this chapter. Thanks also to Elizabeth Bjork, Lindsey Richland, and Sara Appleton-Knapp. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Nate Kornell, Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267. E-mail: nkornell@gmail.com.
Diferenzas rexionais en gasto sanitario: unha análise de converxencia

espanolEn este trabajo analizamos el gasto sanitario en las distintas comunidades autonomas espanolas a traves del estudio de convergencia durante un periodo de doce anos (2007-2018). En concreto, examinamos dicho gasto desde dos puntos de vista: el porcentaje que representa sobre el PIB regional y en terminos per capita. En este sentido, llevamos a cabo este analisis a traves de dos tipos de convergencia: σ y β. Los resultados empiricos obtenidos indican la existencia de ambos tipos de convergencia. Por consiguiente, puede afirmarse que las comunidades autonomas convergen hacia un mismo estado estacionario en cuanto a las dos vertientes de gasto sanitario consideradas. galegoNeste traballo analizamos o gasto sanitario nas distintas comunidades autonomas espanolas a traves do estudo de converxencia durante un periodo de doce anos (2007-2018). En concreto, examinamos ese gasto desde dous puntos de vista: a porcentaxe que representa sobre o PIB rexional e en termos per capita. Neste sentido, levamos a cabo esta analise a traves de dous tipos de converxencia: σ e β. Os resultados empiricos obtidos indican a existencia de ambos os dous tipos de converxencia. Por conseguinte, pode afirmarse que as comunidades autonomas converxen cara a un mesmo estado estacionario en canto as duas vertentes de gasto sanitario consideradas. EnglishIn this paper, we analyse the health care expenditure of the seventeen Spanish Autonomous Communities through a convergence study during a period of twelve years (2007-2018). Specifically, we examine the health care expenditure from two points of view: the percentage over the regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in per capita terms. In this sense, we carry out the analysis of σ and β convergence. Our empirical findings indicate the existence of both types of convergence. Thus, in terms of the two aspects considered of health expenditure, we can confirm that the Spanish Autonomous Communities converge towards the same stationary state.
Reliability assessment of ageing distribution cable for replacement in 'smart' distribution systems

14 Chapter one . 22 Introduction . 22 1 Power system reliability studies . 22 1.1 Distribution network reliability . 24 1.2 Reliability evaluation methods . 26 1.3 Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) . 28 1.4 Research motivation . 33 1.5 Research question . 35 1.6 Research aim and objectives . 35 1.7 Contributions . 37 1.8 Thesis structure . 38 Chapter two . 42 Thermal modelling of ageing cables . 42 2 Modelling of ageing cables . 42