Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining checkpointing and scrubbing in FPGA-based real-time systems

SRAM-based FPGAs provide an attractive solution for building high-performance embedded computing systems. Fault tolerant mechanisms are usually implemented in FPGA-based critical systems to improve their vulnerability to transient faults. Most fault tolerant approaches proposed so far in the literature for FPGA systems utilize checkpointing and scrubbing techniques for the fault recovery and repair operations, respectively, and rely on redundancy-based fault detection solutions. In this paper, we study the feasibility of building a low-cost fault-tolerant approach for FPGA-based realtime systems that combines checkpointing and scrubbing, the latter for both fault detection and repair. We calculate the checkpoint frequencies that guarantee the execution of the tasks within their deadlines in the presence of transient faults, taking into consideration the scrubbing time of the FPGA processor. Furthermore, we propose a selective scrubbing approach to reduce the scrubbing time and make feasible the fault tolerant execution of tasks with tight deadlines. We demonstrate the proposed approach in a Leon-3-based SoC in a Virtex-5 FPGA.
Characterization and application of 600 V normally-off GaN transistors in hard switching DC/DC converters

As GaN power devices emerge from research to industry, the characterization of these novel devices itself and its application in power electronic converters is essential. The purpose of this paper is to prove the capabilities of GaN technology using a novel 600 V normally-off GaN-on-Si transistor which shows no dynamic behavior of its on-resistance. A hard switching DC/DC converter prototype reveals efficiencies up to 99.3 % and switching frequencies up to 1 MHz incorporating a high power density up to 28 kW/l.
Estrogen‐like response of perfluorooctyl iodide in male medaka (Oryzias latipes) based on hepatic vitellogenin induction

Using the in vivo male medaka model, we investigated the estrogen‐like response of perfluorooctyl iodide (PFOI) which is a potential source of perfluorinated carboxylic acids. Using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the expression levels of related estrogenic genes including estrogenic receptor α (ERα), ERβ, vitellogenin I (VTG I), and VTG II in the livers of male medaka exposed to PFOI were analyzed. The results showed that PFOI upregulated the expression levels of the tested genes in a dose‐dependent manner. VTG protein levels increased in both dose‐ and time‐dependent manners due to PFOI exposure. The results suggested that PFOI is a potential estrogenic compound. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 28: 571–578, 2013.
Automatic Mode-Shifting Control Strategy With Input Voltage Feed-Forward for Full-Bridge-Boost DC–DC Converter Suitable for Wide Input Voltage Range

Full-bridge (FB)-boost converter is suitable for applications with wide input voltage range and galvanic isolation requirement, and a two-mode phase-shift (PS)-two-edge modulation (TEM) control scheme based on two modulation signals and one carrier can be used to achieve automatic mode shifting and high efficiency. In order to reduce the influence of the input voltage disturbance on the output voltage, the small-signal model of FB-boost converter is built and the input voltage feed-forward (IVFF) functions under different operating modes are derived in this paper. In view of the small-signal and large-signal control laws of the derived IVFF functions, the two-mode PS-TEM control schemes with small-signal and large-signal IVFF compensations are proposed, respectively. Both of them can realize automatic selection of operating modes and the corresponding IVFF compensations, and thus high efficiency and improved input transient response can be guaranteed. Besides, the IVFF function in boost mode is simplified for easy implementation, and the comparisons among the two-mode PS-TEM control schemes with small-signal, large-signal, and without IVFF compensations are presented in this paper. Finally, a 250-500-V input, 360-V output, and 6-kW-rated power prototype demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
Movie Recommendation System Employing the User-Based CF in Cloud Computing

Collaborative filtering algorithm is widely used in the recommendation system of e-commerce website, which is based on the analysis of a large number of user’s historical behavior data, so as to explore the user’s interest and recommend the appropriate products to users. In this paper, we focus on how to design a reliable and highly accurate algorithm for movie recommendation. It is worth noting that the algorithm is not limited to film recommendation, but can be applied in many other areas of e-commerce. In this paper, we use Java language to implement a movie recommendation system in Ubuntu system. Benefiting from the MapReduce framework and the recommendation algorithm based on items, the system can handle large data sets. The experimental results show that the system can achieve high efficiency and reliability in large data sets.
Using Goffman's Frameworks to Explain Presence and Reality

This paper defines presence in terms of frames and involvement [1]. The value of this analysis of presence is demonstrated by applying it to several issues that have been raised about presence: residual awareness of nonmediation, imaginary presence, presence as categorical or continuum, and presence breaks. The paper goes on to explore the relationship between presence and reality. Goffman introduced frames to try to answer the question, “Under what circumstances do we think things real? ” Under frame analysis there are three different conditions under which things are considered unreal, these are explained and related to the experience of presence. Frame analysis is used to show why virtual environments are not usually considered to be part of reality, although the virtual spaces of phone interaction are considered real. The analysis also yields practical suggestions for extending presence within virtual environments.
Targeting renal epithelial channels for the control of insect vectors

Three small molecules were identified in high throughput screens that 1) block renal inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels of Aedes aegypti expressed in HEK cells and Xenopus oocytes, 2) inhibit the secretion of KCl but not NaCl in isolated Malpighian tubules, and after injection into the hemolymph, 3) inhibit KCl excretion in vivo, and 4) render mosquitoes flightless or dead within 24h. Some mosquitoes had swollen abdomens at death consistent with renal failure. VU625, the most potent and promising small molecule for development as mosquitocide, inhibits AeKir1-mediated currents with an IC50 less than 100 nM. It is highly selective for AeKir1 over mammalian Kir channels, and it affects only 3 of 68 mammalian membrane proteins. These results document 1) renal failure as a new mode-of-action for mosquitocide development, 2) renal Kir channels as molecular target for inducing renal failure, and 3) the promise of the discovery and development of new species-specific insecticides.
On-orbit Servicing Mission Planning for Multi-spacecraft Using Improved QPSO Algorithm

The on-orbit servicing mission assignment is very important to improve the cooperative work ratio of the on-orbit servicing spacecraft. One mission of on-orbit servicing can be fulfilled in many ways,and proper mission assignment must be guaranteed. Based on the characteristics and technical specifications of the mission planning issues, a multi-objective quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization based on QPSO and non-dominated sorting (Improved QPSO) is proposed. Since improved QPSO has the characteristic of both QPSO, which has fast convergence rate and accurate convergence value and non-dominated sorting, used to obtain non-dominated solutions, it is used to solve spacecraft task allocation. By analyzing the critical index factors which contain target spacecraft value, task completion time and distance consumption, an on-orbit spacecraft task allocation model is formulated. The best plan was achieved by Pareto optimal sets and ideal solution can be chose as necessary. Finally the example of simulation was given, it compared with another algorithm. Simulation results show that the improved QPSO has fast convergence and better distribution.
Factoring Point Clouds into Positions and Translations for Compression

Point cloud data is taken from a still shot of a video taken from a Microsoft Kinect. A basic algorithm is proposed for ﬁnding frequently occurring translations that map the point cloud to itself. This algorithm is in turn used to generate a set of translations combined with a set of vertices that together cover the original point cloud dataset. Each vertex is associated with a subset of these translations using a bit array. A 45% reduction of the number of vertices to be sent to the graphics card is achieved without reducing the number of points rendered or the apparent quality. Compression of the point cloud is achieved with a compression ratio of 1.47. We hope to increase this number in the future, as this will help reduce the bandwidth necessary to render scenes scanned from the real world.
Asymmetry in the bone weight of the rabbit mandible.

Asymmetry in the weight of the mandible and teeth was studied in 60 rabbits consisting of 40 young rabbits (males 20, females 20, weighing around 1.9kg) and 20 adult rabbits (females 20, weighing around 2.7kg). And the authors examined whether the one sided dominance would exist or not, and the relation of the dominant side between the mandible and the teeth. The following conclusions were obtained.1. The mean weights of the mandible and the teeth are greater on the dominant side (p<0.001). 2. The degree of difference between the dominant and non-dominant side in the mandible and the teeth by the method of von VERSCHUER'S average percentile deviation is greater on adult rabbits than on young ones.3. There do not exist one-sided dominance in the mandible and the teeth of both young and adult rabbits.4. The relation of the dominant side between the mandible and the teeth is not clear in young rabbits but adult ones show the same side dominance between them.
Effects of Septoplasty on the Nasal Flora

Background Disruption in the balance of the nasal flora influences infectious diseases of the nose. We characterized the changes in nasal flora of the middle meatus of patients with a symptomatic deviated nasal septum before and after septoplasty. Methods The study cohort included 33 patients with symptomatic deviated nasal septum who underwent septoplasty from 1998 to 2001. Cultures from the middle meatus were taken preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Results Fifty-two percent of the preoperative cultures and 76% of the postoperative cultures were positive. The preoperatively cultured bacteria were similar to those usually cultured from the nose of a healthy individual–-mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium. The postoperative cultures included bacteria not considered as being nasal flora and infrequently cultured from the nose: Pseudomonas, Haemophilus influenza, and Staphylococcus coagulase negative. Conclusion Symptomatic septal deviation does not influence nasal flora. The bacterial changes without clinical complaints that we found postseptoplasty might call for a more in-depth workup.
Traffic Signal Control with Connected Vehicles

The operation of traffic signals is currently limited by the data available from traditional point sensors. Point detectors can provide only limited vehicle information at a fixed location. The most advanced adaptive control strategies are often not implemented in the field because of their operational complexity and high-resolution detection requirements. However, a new initiative known as connected vehicles allows the wireless transmission of the positions, headings, and speeds of vehicles for use by the traffic controller. A new traffic control algorithm, the predictive microscopic simulation algorithm, which uses these new, more robust data, was developed. The decentralized, fully adaptive traffic control algorithm uses a rolling-horizon strategy in which the phasing is chosen to optimize an objective function over a 15-s period in the future. The objective function uses either delay only or a combination of delay, stops, and decelerations. To measure the objective function, the algorithm uses a microscopic simulation driven by present vehicle positions, headings, and speeds. The algorithm is relatively simple, does not require point detectors or signal-to-signal communication, and is completely responsive to immediate vehicle demands. To ensure drivers' privacy, the algorithm does not store individual or aggregate vehicle locations. Results from a simulation showed that the algorithm maintained or improved performance compared with that of a state-of-the-practice coordinated actuated timing plan optimized by Synchro at low and midlevel volumes, but that performance worsened under saturated and oversaturated conditions. Testing also showed that the algorithm had improved performance during periods of unexpected high demand and the ability to respond automatically to year-to-year growth without retiming.
Enhancement of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Transferred From Si (111) Substrate Onto Electroplating Cu Submount With TiO$_{2}$/SiO$_{2}$–Al Omnidirectional Reflector

In this paper, crack-free InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were transferred from Si (111) substrate onto the electroplating Cu submount, with inserting a 5-pair TiO2/SiO2 omnidirectional reflector (ODR) and an Al mirror, defined as TiO2/SiO2-Al ODR. The reflectivity in the blue spectral range of the TiO2/SiO2-Al ODR was as high as 97%. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics showed no obvious degradation of electrical properties for the ODR-based LED on Cu. In comparison to conventional LEDs on Si without ODRs, the light output of ODR-based LEDs on Cu was enhanced by 59.3% at a driving current of 350 mA. The improvement is mainly attributed to the following factors: the removal of the opaque Si substrate, the inserting of the high-reflectivity TiO2/SiO2-Al ODR, and the transfer onto the Cu submount with better thermal conductivity.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C

ABSTRACT Introduction: The sofosbuvir (SOF) plus ledipasvir (LDV) fixed dose combination is the first direct action antiviral (DAA) single-treatment regimen (STR) to be commercialized. It is approved for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1,3,4,5 and 6. Following approval in 2014, new pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data were reported, which led to important clinical applications. Areas covered: This article reviews the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the SOF/LDV fixed dose combination for the treatment of HCV. The topics covered include data regarding the drug´s absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and antiviral activity strategies such as the clinical dose selection and treatment duration. Expert opinion: The SOF/LDV fixed dose combination has good pharmacological properties that lead to a high sustained virological response after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment; there is minimal interference with other drugs or associated renal or hepatic impairment, such that dose adjustment is not necessary.
Delta-gamma coupling as a potential neurophysiological mechanism of fl uid intelligence

Electrophysiological investigations have pointed out significant yet weak correlations between intelligence and oscillatory brain activity, including the spectral power, frequency, complexity, synchrony, and coherence of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, however neglecting the interplay between fast and slow neuronal oscillations underlying information transfer in the brain. We found that fluid intelligence level (gf) depends on the precise synchronization of fast oscillations to a specific time window of slow brain rhythms. Specifically, by examining EEG recordings of 50 people in resting state as well as during performance at two gf tasks we found converging evidence that high-gf participants display stronger Phase-Amplitude Coupling (PAC) related to an increased concentration of gamma (~36 Hz) spectral power at the descending phase of delta oscillations (~3 Hz). Delta-gamma PAC strength explained 35% variance in scores on multiple gf tests, outperforming six alternative EEG-based predictors including spectral power, complexity and amplitude-amplitude coupling. Present results suggest PAC as a neurophysiological substrate of gf in humans, offering novel insight about the role of slow and fast brain rhytms in high-order cognition, as well as a potential new target for neuromodulatory interventions in the healthy and pathological brain.
The role of systemic inflammation in age‐related muscle weakness and wasting

Ageing is associated with a slow, but progressive muscle weakness, which is largely attributable to muscle wasting. A diminished function of satellite cells at old age may hamper preservation and repair from (contraction)‐induced injury and contribute to the age‐related muscle wasting. Satellite cell function may be affected by circulating factors, as muscle regeneration in old mice sharing the circulation of young mice is not impaired. Chronic low‐grade systemic inflammation in old organisms may be that environmental factor. Indeed, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) negatively affects the muscle regenerating capacity. TNFα destabilizes MyoD, a muscle‐specific transcription factor involved in satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, and induces apoptosis of satellite cells, particularly at old age. Here it is proposed that some of these effects are mediated by TNFα‐induced expression of inhibitors of differentiation proteins. Yet, the increase in TNFα during the normal inflammatory response helps, rather than impairs, the repair process. This apparent contradiction may be resolved by the fact that the effects of TNFα are concentration and time dependent. Thus, the negative effect of systemic inflammation on muscle strength at old age may only become apparent when it exceeds a certain threshold and persists for a prolonged period.
Brefeldin A Inhibits Circadian Remodeling of Chloroplast Structure in the Dinoflagellate Gonyaulax

Circadian increases in the rate of carbon fixation in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax are correlated with extensive plastid remodeling. One marker for this remodeling is mobilization of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) from the plastid periphery to plastid regions nearer the cell center called pyrenoids. Nuclear‐encoded proteins such as Rubisco transit through the Golgi in dinoflagellates; hence, we blocked protein import into the plastids using Brefeldin A (BFA) to explore the mechanism for plastid remodeling. We find that pyrenoid formation normally occurs concurrently with increased Rubisco synthesis rates in vivo, and when BFA is given prior to the onset of Rubisco synthesis, pyrenoid formation is partially or completely inhibited by 0.1 or 0.3 µg/mL BFA, respectively. Rubisco synthesis itself is not affected, and BFA‐treated cells accumulate Rubisco in novel structures we term BFA bodies. Interestingly, when given just after the onset of Rubisco synthesis, BFA delays but does not block Rubisco mobilization, suggesting that a timing signal for plastid remodeling is delivered to the organelles at the same time as newly synthesized Rubisco. BFA also inhibits the circadian increases in carbon fixation rates, supporting the hypothesis that the biochemical basis for this circadian rhythm may be Rubisco distribution within the plastid.
The response of mice to large intravenous injections of ectromelia virus. II. The growth of virus in the liver.

IT was shown in the previous paper that when ectromelia virus is injected intravenously into mice it is taken up by the littoral cells lining the liver sinusoids. However much is injected, it does not reach hepatic cells. Nossal and de Burgh (1954) investigated the growth of ectromelia in the liver of mice following massive intravenous injections of virus. They decided that there was a stepwise increase in virus titre in the infected liver, occurring over the course of at least 24 hr. From the histological appearances 18 hr. after the injection each hepatic cell was judged to have been infected from the start, and they therefore suggested that there was a stepwise increase in titre in individual hepatic cells. If, however, injected virus does not infect hepatic cells at all, Nossal and de Burgh's conclusions are almost certainly incorrect and the growth and spread of virus in the liver deserves a fuller investigation. A detailed study of the matter has therefore been made, using the fluorescent antibody technique in addition to infectivity titrations.
Optical properties of manganese-doped nanocrystals of ZnS.

We report for the first time that doped nanocrystals of semiconductor can yield both high luminescent efficiencies and lifetime shortening at the same time. Nanocrystals of Mn-doped ZnS with sizes varying from 3.5 to 7.5 nm were prepared by a room temperature chemical process. These nanosized particles have an external photoluminescent quantum efficiency as high as 18% at room temperature and a luminescent decay at least 5 orders of magnitude faster than the corresponding ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ radiative transition in the bulk crystals. Luminescent measurements show that the efficiency increases with decreasing size of the particles, as expected within the framework of an electron-hole localization theory. These results suggest that doped nanocrystals are indeed a new class of materials heretofore unknown.