Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modernization of Agriculture and Long-Term Growth y

This paper develops a two-sector model that illuminates the mechanisms involving several macroeconomic variables for the transition from stagnation to economic growth. When traditional technology is used in agriculture, industrial TFP growth lowers the relative price of industrial to agricultural products, but has limited e¤ect on per capita income growth, because most labor must remain in farming. The economy cannot experience sustained growth until this relative price drops below a certain threshold, inducing farmers to adopt a modern technology that uses industry-supplied inputs. Once agricultural modernization begins, wage and per capita income break from stagsis to growth, the relative price stablizes, structural transformation accelarates, and land rent continues to rise. A calibrated version of our model quantitative accounts well for observed structural breaks and systematic trends in these variables based on unique data we compiled for England between 1700 and 1909, covering periods before and after the onset of the industrial revolution.
Investigating Biopolymer Structural Evolution During Different Biomass Pretreatments by In Situ SANS Studies

Project Goals: Lignocellulosic biomass comprises the vast majority of biomass on Earth and has the potential to play a major role in generation of renewable biofuels if cost-effective conversion can be achieved. Largely composed of plant cell walls, it is a complex biological composite material that is recalcitrant to the structural deconstruction and enzymatic hydrolysis into sugars that are necessary for fermentation to bioethanol. The Scientific Focus Area in Biofuels is developing “Dynamic Visualization of Lignocellulose Degradation by Integration of Neutron Scattering Imaging and Computer Simulation” for multiple-length scale, real-time imaging of biomass during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This is providing fundamental information about the structure and deconstruction of plant cell walls that is needed to drive improvements in the conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels.
Evaluation of Active Phytochemicals in Methanol extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos Linn .

Aegle marmelos (L.) is a spinous deciduous and aromatic tree of family Rutaceae with long, strong and axillary spines. The bael tree contains furocoumarins, including xanthotoxol and the methyl ester of lloimperatorin, as well as flavonoids, rutin and marmesin; a number of essential oils; and, among its alkaloids, a-argarine (allocryptopine), O-isopentenylhalfordinol, O-ethylhafordinol. Aegeline(N-[2-hydroxy-2(4methoxyphenyl) ethyl]-3-phenyl-2-propenamide) is a constituent extracted from bael leaves. Aeglemarmelosine, molecular formula C16H15NO2 [α] 27 D = +7.89° (c 0.20, CHCl3), has been isolated as an orange viscous oil. In the present investigation, the bioactive compounds in the leaves of Aegle marmelos (L.) were identified using HPTLC and GC-Mass spectroscopic techniques. The results revealed that the aqueous powder leaf extract of Bael showed eleven different phytocomounds with with eleven different Rf values from 0.04 to 0.47. The aqueous leaf showed 16 different compounds with 16 different Rf values from 0.06 to 0.51. The methanol powder extract of leaf showed one Rf value more or less equivalent to Rf value 0.70 of marmelosin. The methanol leaf extract of leaf showed one Rf value more or less equivalent to Rf value 0.69 and 0.75 of marmelosin. GC-MS chromatogram of the methanolic extract of leaves of Bael showed thirty-four peaks of phytoconstituents. In all thirty-four, compounds were identified from the GC-MS analysis of a methanolic extract of Bael leaves exhibiting various phytochemical activities and might be responsible for various biological activities.
Effect of ethylacetate extract of Cassytha filiformis leaves on haematological variables in rats

Ethylacetate extract of Cassytha filiformis leaves were evaluated for phytochemical components, acute and subchronic toxicity studies using standard methods. Carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, sterols, balsams, terpenes, resins, alkaloids, and volatile oils were detected in the ethhylacetate leaf extract of C. filiformis. Tannins, phlobotannins, and anthraquinone were not detected in the extract. The oral LD50 of the extract in mice was above 5000mg/kgbw. Oral administration of the extract for 28 days to albino rats did not cause any variation in haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) when compared with the control group that were administered normal saline. The extract at 250mg/kgbw significantly (P<0.05) elevated the PCV level while 1000mg/kgbw of the extract reduced the PCV level. The WBC counts of rats were dose dependently increased. Red blood cell (RBC) counts was significantly elevated in rats. Mean cell volume (MCV) level was significantly reduced in rats fed with 1000mg/kgbw of the extract when compared with the control. Platelet counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in rats administered 500mg/kgbw and 1000mg/kgbw of the extract. Lymphocyte counts were significantly (P<0.05) elevated when compared with the control. Neutrophil counts were significantly reduced in all the animals exposed to different doses of the extract when compared to the control. The results of this study suggest that ethylacetate leaf extract of C. filiformis may contain biological active principles that have the ability to boost the immune system through increasing the population of defensive white blood cells although it possibly possesses adverse effect on platelets and neutrophil levels.
Ethiopian vernacular bamboo architecture and its potentials for adaptation in modern urban housing: A case study

Ethiopia is not only endowed with a huge bamboo resource but also has a very rich traditional bamboo housing construction techniques, which have been in use arguably for more than thousand years. These construction practices have several benefits including provision of affordable houses for millions living in rural areas of the country, employment creation, reducing burden on natural forests for housing construction, and income generation. Two types of bamboo species are existing in Ethiopia namely, Oxytentra abyssinica commonly known as lowland bam-boo and Yushania alpine commonly known as highland bamboo. Both species are used for con-struction of residential houses where several vernacular architectural design approaches are exhibited including the Sidama house in Southern Ethiopia. This study particularly focuses on exploring how the existing bamboo construction techniques in Sidama region, provide a platform for provision of houses for emerging towns in bamboo growing areas in Ethiopia. Data collection including observation and personal interview was conducted in the region. The data was processed using both qualitative and quantitative methods where construction techniques and the overall process was analyzed technically and areas of improvement were identified. Based on the findings a modified building constriction system and construction process is proposed.
Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with learning disabilities (CIPOLD): Final report

Contents Foreword Executive summary 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 9 Chapter 2 The methodology of CIPOLD 15 Chapter 3 The number of people included in the study 19 Chapter 4 Demographic characteristics of people with learning disabilities 23 Chapter 5 The deaths of people with learning disabilities 29 Chapter 6 The health and social care needs of people with 39 learning disabilities Chapter 7 Issues that have directly contributed to premature deaths 55 Chapter 8 Issues identified in the deaths of people with learning disabilities 69 that made the person particularly vulnerable to premature death Chapter 9 Issues identified in the deaths of people with learning disabilities 77 that made the person vulnerable to a poor-quality death Chapter 10 Quality of care issues 81 Chapter 11 Comparator cases 89 Chapter 12 The impact of CIPOLD 99 Chapter 13 Conclusions and recommendations 107 Appendix The step-by-step process for CIPOLD reviews 123 Acknowledgements 124 Foreword The principles of the NHS are familiar to all of us. We expect it to be free at the point of delivery and available to everyone based on need. We expect patients to be at the centre of its care, that they will have positive experiences and be treated with dignity and respect. And we expect clinically effective, high-quality support to manage existing conditions and help us live healthy lives. People with learning disabilities should expect no less and receive no less a service than anyone else. In setting out on the CIPOLD review of deaths, we hoped that the lessons from Death by Indifference would have been learned and that the recommendations of Sir Jonathan Michael's report would have been implemented. We hoped to find that people with learning disabilities were living long and healthy lives to no lesser extent than those without learning disabilities. Our optimism has been quashed, but we have also been heartened by the many family members, carers and professionals who have been supporting people with learning disabilities creatively, optimally and with the person themselves at the centre of their care. We need to learn and share what is working well and to shine a light on what is possible, as much as identifying what is wrong. It has been a privilege to have been a part of so many people's lives. People whom we would never meet alive, but who we came to know so well once they had died. We have …
Quality of Life Satisfaction : A Comparative Survey Analysis of the Eastern Panhandle and Southern West Virginia Counties

The main objective of this paper is to analyze and report quality of life survey responses from a random sample of over 1028 individuals from 21 counties in West Virginia. The survey responses are drawn form a quality of life survey conducted in 2000. Perhaps the most interesting observation from the responses was not that differences exist among counties but that, in all counties, the level of satisfaction was remarkably high (over 50%). Only small fractions of individuals were explicitly dissatisfied, surprisingly in counties with the highest growth levels in per capita incomes. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by Hatch funds appropriated to the West Virginia University Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. 1 Former Graduate Research Assistant and Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Division of Resource Management, Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences and Faculty Research Associate at the Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University.
Annotation of Learner Corpora: first SweLL insights

co-authors for the article by Stemle et al. (2019) and are re-used with the permission of the LCR volume editors Article 42, “personal data means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person. ” (Commission, 2016, art.4). Consider Figure 1, where adding up information from the two sources – a learner text and sociodemographic metadata – can give away a learner. Even though the name as such is not revealed to the data users, indirect clues can be used to identify a person. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC METADATA • L1: Luxembourgian, Chinese • Year of birth: 1986
A Survey on Cooperative Localization in Wireless Sensor Network

Localization technology in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which can obtain location information of node data sources, is considered to be one of the key technologies. Therefore, WSN is widely used in military, commercial and public services and other aspects. Traditional positioning technique, which requires a large number of anchor nodes to be deployed, that is, through the anchor nodes with Global Position System (GPS) location information, to locate the agent nodes without location information accurately. However, extensive deployment of anchor nodes is expensive. In this case, there are many researchers who have done tremendous research on this problem in recent years, and proposed Cooperative Localization, which utilizes the communication between target nodes to assist in positioning. This paper makes a detailed investigation on the cooperative positioning technology, analyzes and discusses the hot and difficult problems of the current research, and points out the future development direction and application prospect.
Foreign Institutional Investors and Mutual Funds in India – Their Interrelationship and their impact on the Indian Stock Market

The shifting of the financial markets from dominance by retail investors to institutional investors is a global phenomenon. The paper examines the role of two key institutional investor’s viz., Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) and the Mutual Funds (MF) in India’s financial market and their impact on the Indian stock market. Econometric test confirms that FII inflows have a causal relationship with MF inflows and Nifty and an inverse relationship with MF inflows. Furthermore, the paper establishes that FII flows to India have a bi-directional relationship with both Nifty and MF inflows.
Effect of Curvature and Roughness on Grasping Point Decision

This paper explores the human behavior of selecting stable grasping points on objects, when presented with objects with curvature and texture roughness cues. Subjects demonstrated a clear preference for curvature than texture, shown by the lower variance on curvature than that on texture in the control experiments. In the combined experiment, subjects did not show a clear preference for curvature alone. They used other information to deduce the best and second-best curvatures, and then made their selection based on the texture on those two curvatures. The cue integration prediction model only predicted the selection based on the low variance of curvature from the control experiments. It did not factor in the extra information subjects used in the combined experiment to deduce the two best curvatures. Hence, the model did not correctly predict the use of texture in the decision.
No association between VDR gene polymorphisms and lumbar disc herniation in a Chinese population

Objective: To explore the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene [Fok I (rs2228570), Apa I (rs7975232), Taq I (rs731236)] polymorphisms and lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Method: 120 patients with LDH and 120 healthy controls were recruited from different hospitals in Tianjin. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the lumbar spine were performed for all subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. The polymorphisms of Fok I, Apa I and Taq I in the VDR gene were detected using SNapShot. The genotype and the gene frequency distribution were detected in both LDH patients and normal controls. Results: Compared with controls, no significant differences were found in the genotype and gene frequency of Fok I, Apa I, Taq I in patients with LDH (p>0.05), but BMI was significantly higher in LDH patients (p=0.014). After adjusting age, gender and BMI, no significant difference was found in allele Fok I, Apa I and Taq I between LDH patients and controls. After adjusting age and gender, however, it was found that BMI>25 Kg/m2 was associated with LDH (OR=0.292, 95% CI=0.171-0.500, p<0.05). Conclusions: Polymorphisms of Fok I, Apa I and Taq I are not risk factors for LDH in our study. BMI>25 Kg/ m2 may be a risk factor for LDH.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF JOB SATISFACTION , EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT , AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN XMG REAL ESTATE BROKER

This study aims to describe the following conditions of job satisfaction, employee engagement, and organizational commitment in XMG’s real estate agents. Firstly, the job satisfaction (X) is described within these nine influential factors, such as: pay, promotion, supervision, benefit, rewards, operating conditions, coworkers, nature of work, and then communication. Then, the employee engagement (Y) is described within these ten influential factors, such as: career development, training, leadership, work environment, recognition, management, alignment, infrastructure, performance measurement, and communication. Lastly, the organizational commitment (Z) is described within these categories, such as: affective commitment, continuance commitment, and then normative commitment. The analytical tool used to describe in this study is the standard statistical analysis with mean, standard deviation, mode, and median in each of the influential factors. The population for this study is the entire real estate agents in XMG, which is 42 people, and the sample size is 32 people determined by using non-probability purposive sampling in which only those who have worked since before March 2017. Based on the results of the analysis, it has been described that the job satisfaction is qualified as moderately high, where the highest satisfaction is seen in the nature of work factor, and the lowest is in the pay factor. Then, the employee engagement has been described and qualified as moderately high, where the highest engagement came from the leadership factor, and the lowest is in communication factor. Lastly, commitment has been qualified as moderately high which the highest form commitment is affective commitment and the lowest form of commitment is continuance commitment.
Towards the Speech Features of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Universal Evidence from Structured and Unstructured Connected Speech of Chinese

Language impairment is a sensitive biomarker for the detection of cognitive decline associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recently, knowledge about distinctive linguistic features identifying language deficits in MCI has progressively been enriched and accumulated. However, the employment of a single speech task to elicit connected speech (e.g., structured vs. spontaneous conversations) might limit the generalization of salient linguistic features associated with MCI. Not to mention the scarcity of reports on analysis of extended speech of Chinese. The present study aimed to examine if connected speech production in both situational picture description and spontaneous self-introduction tasks could be used to distinguish individuals with psychometric evidence of MCI and those who were cognitively intact. Speech samples produced by 75 elderly native speakers of Mandarin Chinese, including 19 with MCI and 56 healthy controls were obtained. Macrostructural aspects of language, including lexico-semantic, syntactic, speech fluency, and acoustics were analyzed by applying the linear mixed-effect regression model. Our study revealed decreasing linear trends in semantic contents and syntactic complexity, as well as significantly greater signs of disfluency and reduced speech production in participants with MCI. The findings extended what was reported in the literature, and carry important implications to the screening and diagnosis of suspected MCI.
Integration of Massive Open Online Education ( MOOC ) System with in-Classroom Interaction and Assessment and Accreditation : An extensive report from a pilot study

The advent of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in the arena of online education in the recent years has catapulted several novel ventures, both commercial and non-commercial, offering access to quality online courses at higher education level. MOOC, by its very definition, throws open the door of knowledge to any motivated individual learners anytime and anywhere for free, but having no formal accreditation attached to it. The new MOOC wave into the sea of higher education has obviously attracted an incredible number of individual learners in tens of thousands globally. Contrary to the notion of MOOC courses having no formal accreditation, the authors propose a clear purpose of participation and accreditation by transferring ‘credits’ of successful students towards completion of undergraduate degree program. This paper explores a possibility of integrating Winter 2013 DB Course, a MOOC course by Stanford University, for a group of students within a formal higher education institution in India combining classroom interaction, proctored evaluation of this online course and a clear purpose of transfer of credits towards completion of the home institution’s “An Introduction to Database Management System Course”. This paper presents a study of this experiment and its opportunities and challenges, and suggests recommendations for its effective implementation in the
Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W bosons in pp collisions at √ s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a high-mass Higgs boson is performed in the H →WW → `ν`ν decay channel using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 13.2 fb−1, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of a high-mass Higgs boson is found. Upper limits on σH × BR(H→WW ) as a function of the Higgs boson mass and width are obtained in the mass range between 300 GeV and 3 TeV. © 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration. Reproduction of this article or parts of it is allowed as specified in the CC-BY-4.0 license.
Dynamic Systems and Applications 24 ( 2015 ) 361-374 INTEGRAL CURVES OF A LINEAR VECTOR FIELD IN SEMI-EUCLIDEAN SPACES

In this paper, we study integral curves or flow lines of a linear vector field in (2n+1)dimensional semi-Euclidean space E ν . The skew symmetric matrix has been found depending on the number of timelike vectors are odd or even. Taking into consideration of the structure, we obtained the linear first order system of differential equations. This system gives rise to integral curves of linear vector fields. Meanwhile solution of the system has also been presented and discussed.
A Fast Fully Implicit Backward Euler Solver for Dendritic Neurons

We develop and test a C implementation of a discretization of the Hodgkin Huxley equations for dendritic neurons which employs backward Euler in time and nite di erences in space We make use of the sparse anayltical Jacobian matrix to perform the nonlinear solve required at each time step via Newton s method
Self-Attention Transducers for End-to-End Speech Recognition

Recurrent neural network transducers (RNN-T) have been successfully applied in end-to-end speech recognition. However, the recurrent structure makes it difficult for parallelization . In this paper, we propose a self-attention transducer (SA-T) for speech recognition. RNNs are replaced with self-attention blocks, which are powerful to model long-term dependencies inside sequences and able to be efficiently parallelized. Furthermore, a path-aware regularization is proposed to assist SA-T to learn alignments and improve the performance. Additionally, a chunk-flow mechanism is utilized to achieve online decoding. All experiments are conducted on a Mandarin Chinese dataset AISHELL-1. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves a 21.3% relative reduction in character error rate compared with the baseline RNN-T. In addition, the SA-T with chunk-flow mechanism can perform online decoding with only a little degradation of the performance.