Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Usability of Climate Models through the Use of Consumer-Report-Style Resources for Decision-Making

Consumers of climate model information face difficulty in assessing which models and projections are best for their particular needs. This difficulty stems from the abundance of climate information, as well as the relative inaccessibility or unavailability of information concerning a given model’s quality, trade-offs, and suitability for a particular geographic region or decision-making application. Consumer reports have traditionally provided potential consumers with background knowledge and a review of available products and services to help to make decisions. As a knowledge broker for climate information in the Great Lakes region, the Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments (GLISA) team has developed a suite of climate model consumer-report-style documents to help climate information consumers make decisions when selecting models and projections for their work. To develop the reports, GLISA reviewed examples of consumer reports from other sectors, relied on the feedback and advice of our ongoing Practitioner Working Group composed of real-world consumers, and incorporated otherwise-unavailable information from model developers. Due to close, continuing partnership with our Practitioner Working Group, the content and the formatting of our climate model consumer reports respond directly to the needs of consumers. Our reports therefore evolve based on needs of the practitioners as well as with the knowledge generated by our research in usability of climate knowledge. We pose that climate model consumer reports, especially when developed in the context of trusted user–knowledge broker relationships, contribute to making climate information more relevant to and usable by practitioners.
Evidence of a Holocene and continuing recent expansion of lowland rain forest in humid, tropical North Queensland

The identification and radiocarbon dating of charcoal collected under tropical rain forest indicated that sclerophyll forests dominated by Eucalyptus occupied parts of the wet tropical lowlands in the Daintree region of North Queensland at least intermittently from 12,000 yr bp until very recently. The results extend the late Pleistocene expansion of pyrophytic, sclerophyll forests which occurred in the upland rain forests to a humid, megathermic coastal lowlands region. Unlike the early Holocene re-expansion of rain forests which occurred generally on the uplands, the sclerophyll forests in the lowland study area were present until at least 1400 yr bp. Changes in coastal geomorphology and coastline positions during the late Quaternary were examined in the study area by superimposing sea levels derived from published curves on sea-bed contours. The results indicate that a very rapid decrease in the extent of the coastal plain occurred during the late Pleistocene. Between 12,000 and 9000 yr bp, 26 km of the coastal plain was submerged and this would have inevitably resulted in concentrations of Aboriginal populations in the area of the present coastline. It is suggested that burning activities by Aborigines in the coastal lowlands were sufficient to reestablish sclerophyll forests during the latter part of the Holocene from approximately 4000 yr bp following a wanner and wetter period which would have been conducive to rain forest re-expansion. Although the evidence suggests that the most recent rain forest recolonization occurred in the study area more than 1000 years ago, the process is still continuing elsewhere in the wet tropical lowlands in North Queensland. The process of eucalypt forest replacement by rain forest may have accelerated since the arrival of Europeans and the concomitant decrease in Aboriginal management.
Role of Pharmacist Intervention in the Management of Anemia Associated with Chronic Kidney Diseases at the Hemodialysis Setting

Background: The potential impact of pharmacist interventions could improve health outcomes of patients with anemia. However, this attempt has not been documented yet in the developing countries. Aim of the study is to investigate the effect of pharmacist interventions in optimizing management of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. Methods: An interventional randomized control trial was carried out on 120 anemic patients on hemodialysis for eight months. The impact of the pharmacist’s interventions in optimizing anemia management to reach hemoglobin target were investigated. Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism version 8.2. 1. Results: During 16-week period, 1646 interventions and recommendations were performed. The interventions were at the physician, patients, drugs, hospital and administrative level. At the physician level a total of 180 (10.9%) recommendations were proposed, at the drug level, the pharmacist provided 595 (36.1%) interventions which were mainly related to erythropoietin and iron dose adjustment. At the patient and the hospital level 734 (44.6%) and 137 (8.3%) interventions have been made respectively. Hemoglobin level increased significantly to (11.25 ± 2.29) after 16-weeks in interventional group (p-value Key words: Anemia, Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Hemoglobin, Pharmacist intervention.
Low Complexity Signal Detection for Massive-MIMO Systems

Maximum likelihood detection is infeasible in uplink multiuser massive multiple-input and multiple-output (m-MIMO) systems due to the large dimension of the MIMO systems. Accordingly, suboptimal or near-optimal alternatives like linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) detector and Zero Forcing (ZF) are used. However, the LMMSE and the ZF detectors need matrix inversion, which is computationally costly. We propose two detection schemes for massive MIMO, which compute an approximate inverse based on the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and have quadratic complexity in the number of users. Simulation results exhibit the similarity of the BER performance of the proposed schemes to that of the ideal ZF or LMMSE.
MORPHOGENESIS OF THE LABIATE PROCESS IN THE ARAPHID PENNATE DIATOM DIATOM A VULGARE 1

Each valve of the araphid pennate diatom Diatoma has a labiate process (LP) at one end; in a frustule, the LPs are at diagonally opposite ends. After mitosis is over, an elongated dense body detaches from the spindle pole and migrates to one end of the daughter cell, always diagonally opposite the LP of the parental valve. This dense body trails a cone‐shaped array of microtubules (MTs). Meanwhile, the new valve has begun to form within the Silica Deposition Vesicle (SDV). Having reached the end of the cell, this dense body moves back slightly and then settles onto the SDV, developing a layered substructure as it does so. Immediately beneath it, the LP of the new daughter valve differentiates. This dense object is clearly the homologue of the fibrous Labiate Process Apparatus (LPA) involved in the differentiation of the LP in several centric diatoms. In a few cases, these LPAs also hair been shown to originate from some component of the spindle pole. Thus, the homologue of the LPA of centric diatoms has now been found in an araphid pennate diatom; in each case, the LPA apparently comes from the pole of the spindle and presumably uses a cytoskeleton of MTs to locate the LP in its correct position. These observations support the possibility that the raphe evolved from the LP.
Effect of Isotretinoin on Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level in Iraqi Patient Afflicted with Acne Vulgaris In Baghdad Governorate

Background: The predominantly typical dermatological ailment is Acne Vulgaris. Even though isotretinoin (13.cis. retinoic acid) trade name AAccutane is the drug commonly used to treat Acne Vulgaris and is a welltolerated drug, like most treatments, it has a wide range of side effects. Objective: The current research objective is in the exploration of the impact of this drug on MDA malondialdehyde level that is the resultant outcome of lipid peroxidation and the level of cholesterol and Triglycerides. Patients and Methods: The patients are those who attended the Dermatology Consultation Clinic in the Medical City Hhospital where the investigation is being conducted on the before and after treatment, with Isotretinoin being taken for a duration of two months. We measured Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cholesterol triglyceride levels. Results: There is an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) level after the treatment with Isotretinoin p value < 0.001, there is also an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride level after the treatment with a p value <0.001. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study revealed that an addition of vitamin E is the current treatment for Acne Vulgaris that reduced the oxidative stress in the pilosebaceous unit a lot, and thus increase the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) associated with Acne Vulgaris, where this treatment is not given unless truly needed.
The Effect of Brainstorming Method on Giving Exclusive Breastfeeding to Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Breastfeeding Intention Among Pregnant Women

Introduction: Breastfeeding behavior is effected by breastfeeding intention. The intention of breastfeeding is formed by three main factors, which are attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of health education with a brainstorming method about exclusive breastfeeding toward attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and mother's intention on giving exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This study used a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest of control group design. The variables in this study were brainstorming method, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and breastfeeding intention. The population of this study was second and third-trimester pregnant women at the working area of the public health center in Klampis Ngasem and Pacarkeling Surabaya, with 48 respondents selected using simple random sampling. The instrument used a questionnaire and analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann Whitney U test with significance values α=0,05. Results: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed significant differences in the attitudes (p=0.000), subjective norms (p=0.000), perceived behavioral control (p=0.000), and intentions (p=0.000) before and after brainstorming intervention. Mann Whitney U post-test showed significant differences in the attitudes (p=0.000), subjective norms (p=0.000), perceived behavioral control (p=0.000), and intentions (p=0.000) between treatment and control group. Conclusion: The intervention of health education with the brainstorming method has a significant effect of increasing attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and mother's intention on giving exclusive breastfeeding. Further research should be to analyze the impact of brainstorming toward breastfeeding intention in postpartum mothers.
A Review of Biohydrogen Productions from Lignocellulosic Precursor via Dark Fermentation: Perspective on Hydrolysate Composition and Electron-Equivalent Balance

This paper reviews the current technological development of bio-hydrogen (BioH2) generation, focusing on using lignocellulosic feedstock via dark fermentation (DF). Using the collected reference reports as the training data set, supervised machine learning via the constructed artificial neuron networks (ANNs) imbedded with feed backward propagation and one cross-out validation approach was deployed to establish correlations between the carbon sources (glucose and xylose) together with the inhibitors (acetate and other inhibitors, such as furfural and aromatic compounds), hydrogen yield (HY), and hydrogen evolution rate (HER) from reported works. Through the statistical analysis, the concentrations variations of glucose (F-value = 0.0027) and acetate (F-value = 0.0028) were found to be statistically significant among the investigated parameters to HY and HER. Manipulating the ratio of glucose to acetate at an optimal range (approximate in 14:1) will effectively improve the BioH2 generation (HY and HER) regardless of microbial strains inoculated. Comparative studies were also carried out on the evolutions of electron equivalent balances using lignocellulosic biomass as substrates for BioH2 production across different reported works. The larger electron sinks in the acetate is found to be appreciably related to the higher HY and HER. To maintain a relative higher level of the BioH2 production, the biosynthesis needs to be kept over 30% in batch cultivation, while the biosynthesis can be kept at a low level (2%) in the continuous operation among the investigated reports. Among available solutions for the enhancement of BioH2 production, the selection of microbial strains with higher capacity in hydrogen productions is still one of the most phenomenal approaches in enhancing BioH2 production. Other process intensifications using continuous operation compounded with synergistic chemical additions could deliver additional enhancement for BioH2 productions during dark fermentation.
A Revised Inverse Data Envelopment Analysis Model Based on Radial Models

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in applying inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) to a wide range of disciplines, and most applications have adopted radial-based inverse DEA models. However, results given by existing radial based inverse DEA models can be unreliable as they neglect slacks while evaluating decision-making units’ (DMUs) overall efficiency level, whereas classic radial DEA models measure the efficiency level through not only radial efficiency index but also slacks. This paper points out these disadvantages with a counterexample, where current inverse DEA models give results that outputs shall increase when inputs decrease. We show that these unreasonable results are the consequence of existing inverse DEA models’ failure in preserving DMU’s efficiency level. To rectify this problem, we propose a revised model for the situation where the investigated DMU has no slacks. Compared to existing radial inverse DEA models, our revised model can preserve radial efficiency index as well as eliminating all slacks, thus fulfilling the requirement of efficiency level invariant. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity and limitations of the revised model.
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING RED CLOVER CONSERVED BY DRYING OR ENSILING ON REPRODUCTION IN THE EWE

Forage diets were prepared from ryegrass (non oestrogenic control) and from red clover as pellets or as unwilted silage. Each diet was fed to separate groups of 20 Border Leicester × Cheviot ewes for three weeks prior to the introduction of the ram, and for two cycles after mating. Subsequently, all three groups of ewes were fed in a similar manner until lambing and the reproductive performance of the ewes was measured. The control diet was prepared by barn drying a primary growth crop of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne cv S23. Tetraploid red clover, Trifolium pratense cv. Hungarpoly, was harvested as a first regrowth crop and the pelleted diet prepared by high temperature drying, grinding (2 mm screen) and pelleting. The silage was prepared without wilting. The level of formononetin in the red-clover silage was three times that in the dried red-clover pellets. Compared with the control grass diet, the feeding of red clover in either form significantly reduced (P<0·001) the number of lambs born. The incidence of barrenness was higher (P<0·001) for ewes fed red-clover silage compared with red-clover pellets and the control diet. The rate of twinning was significantly (P<0·001) higher for the ewes fed the control grass diet than for either of the red-clover diets. The resultant lambing percentages were 190,165, and 100% for the control grass, red-clover pellet and red-clover silage treatments. In flock management, both the grazing of red clover and the feeding of red-clover pellets or silage, prior to and during mating, should be avoided.
New Mesozoic cockroaches (Blattaria: Blattulidae) from Jehol Biota of western Liaoning in China

Macaroblattula ellipsoides gen. et sp. nov., Elisama cuboides sp. nov. and E. extenuata (Ren, 1995) of the dominant cockroach family Blattulidae are described from the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning in China. Forewing venation of E. extenuata reveals low variation (CV for total number of veins = 6.22), which indicates active flight of this advanced taxon. Presence of Macaroblattula gen. nov. suggests a generic variation and high adaptability of the family. Taxonomic composition supports the transitional Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous age of the Yixian Formation and dominance of the family Blattulidae within assemblage indicates their significance in food chain.
Low income farm households’ access to markets and household food security: The case of two economically distinct areas in rural Tanzania

More than 70 percent of Tanzanians live in rural areas and close to 90 percent of thempractice agriculture. Kishapu and Mvomero Districts are highly food insecure,nutritionally vulnerable, lack nutritional interventions and differ in rain patterns, farmingpractices and economic activities. This study sets out to examine how market accessinfluences the food security status of low-income farm households in rural Tanzania.Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected in 2014: quantitative datacomprised structured questionnaires in two phases of household surveys (before and afterharvest) and monthly market price surveys. Qualitative data comprised key informantinterviews and focus group discussion. Coding, cleaning and analysis of quantitative datawas done in SPSS while qualitative data was transcribed, coded and organised intothemes. Mvomero exhibited significantly better household incomes, food security andmarket accessibility than Kishapu. Binomial regression was performed on householdfood security determining variables which were categorised into food secure and foodinsecure, variables in the models explained more than 60 percent of variations in thedependent variables. Results indicated statistical significance in the pre-harvest seasonsuch that households close to the market, owning bicycles, in higher income quartilesand with smaller household size were less likely to be food insecure than theircounterparts. Post-harvest regressions showed no statistical significance except for theprevalence category of household food insecurity where market access did not have anystatistical significance but ownership of a bicycle and having more off-farm incomemeant households were less likely to be food insecure. Addressing rural food securityissues should consider the differences within the contexts of rural areas. Policies tosupport the improvement and diversification of farm and off-farm incomes, andincreasing farm output have important implications for low-income farm households.Such initiatives could include improvements in transport infrastructure and access tocredit, both of which would support market access, augment farm production andimprove off-farm income. However, such policies and strategies would be more robustwith more tests.Key words: Market Access, Food Security, Rural Tanzania, Food Economies
Collaboration mitigates barriers of utility ownership on policy adoption: evidence from the United States

Informed by literature on collaboration, policy adoption, and utility governance, this paper develops and empirically tests hypotheses addressing the implications of collaboration, utility ownership and city-level commitment to sustainability on city-level clean energy policy decisions. This paper offers an answer to the question, “to what extent does collaboration between utilities and local governments influence policy adoption. ” We utilize cross-sectional data from the United States focused Integrated City Sustainability Database (ICSD) to perform an ordinary least squares regression analysis that investigates the degree that specific city attributes and state policy influence the creation of city-scale policy. This analysis shows that cities with a Publicly Owned Utility (POU) adopt close to two energy policies more than similar cities served by an IOU. Higher levels of collaboration among cities and with an Investor Owned Utility (IOU) can offset a portion of the adoption gap for community-oriented energy policy, but has little to no impact on governmental or renewable policies.
Age at weaning and the endocrine response to stress

Seventy-five Angus x MARC II crossbred heifers were used to assess the effects of age at weaning on calf performance and blood constituents. Calves were weaned at 150, 210, or 270 days of age with comparisons made to their non-weaned counterparts. Changes in blood chemistry and hematology (cortisol, glucose, T3, total proteins, packed cell volume and the differential white blood cell count) were recorded on the day of weaning (day-0), and at 2, 7, 14, and 28 days post-weaning. Calves weaned at 210 days of age presented the highest plasma cortisol, glucose, and total protein concentrations during their early post-weaning period. Calves weaned at 150 days of age had significantly lower plasma T3 values. Packed cell volume and differential white blood cell counts showed no relationship to age at weaning. Calves weaned at 210 days of age presented the most rapid post-weaning growth performance, relative to the 150 or 270 days of age weaned calves.
Aflatoxin-detoxification achieved with Mexican traditional nixtamalization process (MTNP) is reversible

To evaluate the effectiveness of maize detoxification achieved with the Mexican traditional nixtamalization process (MTNP), grain contaminated with 678.3 µg/kg of total aflatoxins was processed into tortillas. The MTNP caused an apparent 93.2% decrease in aflatoxin content in tortillas. However, extracts acidification prior to mycotoxin quantification caused in maize dough (masa) a 57.2% reformation of the original aflatoxin and 33.9% in tortillas. According to these results, the MTNP seems not to be safe for total detoxification, since a high percentage of the original aflatoxin content can be reverted to the original fluorescent form by the acidic medium. Acidification of the aflatoxin extracts, as occurs during digestion, would lead to a rebuilding of the aflatoxin molecule. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Proximate Analysis of Fish Tissue by Mid-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy

Mid-infrared spectroscopy was assessed as a means for rapidly determining the fat, protein, and moisture content of fish tissues. For fat and protein, a sample preparation protocol was developed for the conversion of fish tissue into a milk-like emulsion for analysis by a Multispec MK I infrared milk analyser. Fish (cod, tuna, and mackerel) were minced, dissolved, and emulsified in 0.2 M NaOH using a polytron and analysed for fat and protein using the conventional fat and protein wavelengths used for milk analysis. Instrument calibration for fat and protein was based on the Mojonnier and Kjeldahl procedures, respectively. Moisture was determined separately by extracting the water from the minced tissue using absolute methanol and measuring the absorbance of the resulting solution using a 5.56/6.02-μm filter pair. The instrument was calibrated using standardized water–methanol mixtures and the results compared with the standard vacuum oven method. Rapid analyses of fat and protein were possible giving indi.