Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lingaliptin ( Tradjenta ® ) : A New DPP-4 Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes

STATIN THERAPY TO ACHIEVE CHOLESTEROL AND NON-CHOLESTEROL GOALS OF DECREASED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY he Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that diabetes affects 25.8 million Americans, both diagnosed (18 million) and undiagnosed (7.8 million). 1 Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) accounts for 90-95% of these cases. DM2 is characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency, and glucagon excess, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. The goal of treatment is to control blood glucose levels in order to prevent microand macro-vascular complications. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends the following targets for DM2 patients: glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) <7.0%, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 70-130 mg/dL, and post-prandial glucose (PPG) <180 mg/dL.2 Diet, exercise, and weight loss, when appropriate, are recommended for all DM2 patients. Most patients, however, will require medical management of their disease. Nine classes of drugs are currently available to treat DM2: insulin, biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Typically, treatment begins as monotherapy with insulin, metformin, or a sulfonylurea. Unfortunately, the progressive nature of DM2 results in the failure of monotherapy for many patients.3 Within three years of diagnosis, approximately 50% of patients will require multiple therapies to achieve glycemic targets. By nine years, this proportion increases to 75%. DPP-4 inhibitors are the newest drug class available for the treatment of diabetes, appearing on the market in 2006 with the introduction of sitagliptin. DPP-4 inhibitors provide glycemic control similar to other oral antidiabetic agents, are generally well tolerated, present a low risk of hypoglycemia (especially compared to sulfonylureas), and are weight neutral. This clinical profile makes DPP-4 inhibitors attractive options for improving glycemic control in patients with DM2. The ADA’s 2009 consensus algorithm for the treatment of DM2 divides treatment options into two tiers.4 Tier 1 “well-validated core treatments” include lifestyle modifications plus metformin, with recommended add-on therapies of insulin or a sulfonylurea. The “less well validated” Tier 2 choices include pioglitazone or a GLP-1 agonist. Although the ADA acknowledged that DPP-4 inhibitors lower A1C levels Lingaliptin (Tradjenta®): A New DPP-4 Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes
Chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies metamorphic rocks and associated pegmatites of East Antarctica and South India

Abstract Electron microprobe data are presented for chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies rocks and associated pegmatites of the Napier Complex and Mawson Station charnockite in East Antarctica and from the Eastern Ghats, South India. Their compositions conform to the general formula for this group, viz. A4BC2D2Si4O22 where, in the analysed specimens A = (rare-earth elements (REE), Ca, Y, Th), B = Fe2+, Mg, C = (Al, Mg, Ti, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zr) and D = Ti and plot within the perrierite field of the total Fe (as FeO) (wt.%) vs. CaO (wt.%) discriminator diagram of Macdonald and Belkin (2002). In contrast to most chevkinite-group minerals, the A site shows unusual enrichment in the MREE and HREE relative to the LREE and Ca. In one sample from the Napier Complex, Y is the dominant cation among the total REE + Y in the A site, the first reported case of Y-dominance in the chevkinite group. The minerals include the most Al-rich yet reported in the chevkinite group (≤9.15 wt.% Al2O3), sufficient to fill the C site in two samples. Conversely, the amount of Ti in these samples does not fill the D site, and, thus, some of the Al could be making up the deficiency at D, a situation not previously reported in the chevkinite group. Fe abundances are low, requiring Mg to occupy up to 45% of the B site. The chevkinite-group minerals analysed originated from three distinct parageneses: (1) pegmatites containing hornblende and orthopyroxene or garnet; (2) orthopyroxene-bearing gneiss and granulite; (3) highly aluminous paragneisses in which the associated minerals are relatively magnesian or aluminous. Chevkinite-group minerals from the first two parageneses have relatively high FeO content and low MgO and Al2O3 contents; their compositions plot in the field for mafic and intermediate igneous rocks. In contrast, chevkinite-group minerals from the third paragenesis are notably more aluminous and have greater Mg/Fe ratios.
Instability of helical tip vortices in rotor wakes

The conditions for the appearance of instabilities in systems of helical vortices constitute an intriguing problem that still remains partly unsolved. The experimental study of Felli, Camussi & Di Felice (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 682, 2011, pp. 5–53) has shed new light on some of the basic mechanisms governing the instability mechanisms.
Seed biology of Physaria ludoviciana (silvery bladderpod; Brassicaceae), an endangered species in sand prairies of the Midwest1

Abstract Physaria ludoviciana (Nuttal) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (silvery bladderpod) is a state endangered species in Illinois, Minnesota and Wisconsin, the eastern edge of its range. Our goal was to investigate its seed biology (production, dispersal, seed bank longevity, afterripening, seed longevity after storage using germination and emergence, and seedling establishment). This information will be useful for conservation efforts of this endangered species. Over a ten-year period, various seed biology parameters were measured. Infructescences were counted to estimate seed production with 110–744 seeds per reproductive plant. Soil samples were collected at various distances to estimate dispersal where seeds dispersed less than a meter, and also at various times to estimate longevity in the seed bank where only 4% as many seeds were found in November as in June. After-ripening tests used seeds imbibed every two months after harvest for ten months where germination rates increased when imbibition was delayed at least six months. Germination and emergence of stored seed was measured to estimate longevity. Seeds stored at 4 °C and 40–50% relative humidity remained viable for at least six years. For establishment and plant density, seedlings, vegetative plants, and reproductive plants were counted. For establishment, densities were 0–11 seedlings m−2. This seed biology information could be applied to conservation efforts for this endangered species.
Green Ultra Dense Networks

Tremendous Evolution has been done from the day telephone was invented over the last few decades. The number of consumers has reached over a billion with the advent of new features and the basic need of communicating with a distant relative who stays miles apart in all possible ways. Technology has improved from only voice calls to video conferencing and may pave the way for High Definition video conferencing in near future, and Fifth Generation is the starting point for this. The packet transfer data communication service begun and consequently the data rates began increasing in the third and fourth generations. The microwave spectrum has become saturated due to increase in the number of mobile devices and now new spectrum needs to be legalized to improve the data rates to Gigabits. This paper studies the various technologies that are seen as the components for fifth Generation Networks like the Air interface, Spectrum and Antennas. This paper studies the basic layout for its architecture. However increasing carbon emissions and hazardous environmental impact of generating electronic waste in excess needs to be understood and efforts should be made to reduce it. This paper studies the various technologies used in Fifth Generation and how Cloud Radio Access Network can help advanced future generation networks transform to Clean and Green Networks.
Coronary Syndrome Associated With Stopping Clopidogrel After Acute Incidence of Death and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Correction Contact me if this article is corrected. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/jama;299/20/2390 Correction is appended to this PDF and also available at Citations Contact me when this article is cited. This article has been cited 8 times. Topic collections Contact me when new articles are published in these topic areas. Infarction; Drug Therapy; Drug Therapy, Other; Cardiovascular Intervention Cardiovascular/ Cardiothoracic Surgery; Cardiovascular Disease/ Myocardial Revascularization; Cardiovascular System; Surgery; Surgical Interventions;
Contact plating material options for electronic connectors A comparison of hard gold and hard gold flashed palladium-nickel ( 80 / 20 )

Plug-in connectors are used in a wide range of different environments and must perform reliably and consistently. Connector manufacturers must therefore focus on many aspects to ensure a good quality product. This includes consideration of the shape of the contacts, the number of contact points, the normal force, relaxation of the base material and both the chemical composition and thickness of the plated contact surfaces. When choosing the right plating solution connector manufacturers must pay careful attention to numerous technical requirements and physical demands. Until today, there are many different contact surfaces for connectors available on the market. Every contact surface has its unique characteristics and its own advantages. This white paper will give a short overview over the contact system and common surface coatings used for electronic connectors. Furthermore, the focus is on a comparison between hard gold and hard gold flashed palladium-nickel (80/20), because in the field of data transmission via electronic connectors these two coatings are the most common options used. Although this topic has been discussed earlier, there are still many questions. The respective characteristics and advantages of these two surfaces will be considered in more detail and confirmed by investigations done in the HARTING Quality & Technology Center.
A Knowledge-Based Approach for Detecting Misuses in RFID Systems

In the last few years, the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology has gained increasing attention as an emerging solution for automatically identifying remote objects, people, animals. Early successful applications in asset tracking and supply-chain management and the falling cost of RFID tags have fostered a broadening of the application domain, with new pervasive, RFID-based solutions supporting more user-oriented services. As a result, RFID technology is going to contribute to the massive deployment of sensors in an ever more networked society –a coming Internet of Things where everything is alive, that is, where common objects (including those that are inanimate and abstract) can have individual identities, memory, processing capabilities, along with the ability to communicate and sense, monitor and control their own behavior (Thompson, 2004). In previous works we have explored this technology’s potential to facilitate everyday life by seamlessly integrating virtual and physical worlds, varying from personnel tracking and localization to healthcare monitoring (Ciampi et al., 2006; Coronato et al., 2009; Della Vecchia & Esposito, 2010; Esposito et al., 2009; Coronato et al., 2006). As known, typical RFID systems use a combination of tags, readers and middleware as sketched in Fig. 1. Basically, a reader broadcasts a radio frequency signal to get the data stored on the nearby tags. Data can be a static identification number, user written data or data computed by the tag itself. Having obtained tag data, the reader informs via a wired or wireless network the middleware that in turn stores both tag and reader data in a backend database. RFID systems deal with information which very often, if not always, may be critical. Such systems are intrinsically insecure and vulnerable, being prone to threats that can affect tag, reader and middleware as well . In particular, tag cloning is one of the most serious threats to the security of RFID systems. Tag cloning simply consists in catching a tag’s unique identifier with the aim of making an exact copy (clone) of the cloned tag, so that the clone can pose as the genuine tag, being indistinguishable from the original. Once legitimate tag data are obtained, attackers can reproduce their clone tags on a wide scale and gain access to secured facilities, make fraudulent purchases, alter or even disrupt supply chains, etc. One conventional approach to secure RFID systems against tag cloning might use cryptographic tags that enable strong tag authentication and make tag cloning a rather
Advanced Local-Conscious Global Register Allocator for VLIW DSP Processors with Distributed Register Files

The appearances of multi-banks of register files, distributed register clusters, and ping-pong architectures on embedded VLIW DSP processors such as PAC architectures present a great challenge for compilers to generate efficient codes for multimedia applications. In the literature, current research results in compiler optimizations for such problems have been limited to address issues for clusterbased architectures. It includes the work on partitioning register files to work with instruction scheduling [18], loop partitions for clustered register files [19], and cluster register files [16]. The work in [15] begins to address this complex optimization issue for embedded DSP processors, but only in the layer of copy propagation optimizations, and the work in [20] attempts to deal with software pipelining issues with distributed register files. In this paper, we address the issues dealing with global register allocations.
Establishing Baseline Data: Using Institutional Data to Learn More about Completion Factors at One New Zealand University.

This paper discusses demographic and study-related factors that contribute to completion of degrees in one university in New Zealand. Although much can be learned from nationwide and crossinstitutional studies, it is important that each institution comes to an understanding of its own particular student population and the factors that impact on retention and completion in its own context. Institutions have different student populations and different contextual factors that impact on completion rates. Understanding institutional data will enable strategies and interventions that are relevant to its particular context. In this initial project we sought to replicate, as closely as possible, a nationwide study with a similar focus. Using a similar statistical approach enabled us to compare the results. The main questions the authors sought to answer, therefore, were: (1) do completion rates within one institution differ between years; (2) what are the differences in completion rates and factors between the overall national data and the single institution data, and what can be learned from that for possible interventions? The results suggest that although there are similarities between the two studies, there were significant differences as well. These differences could be used to inform institutional interventions that would enhance completion rates.
LAND USE CHANGE IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES: RETAINING FOREST STRUCTURE AND ITS SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES THROUGH SILVOPASTURE

Growing demand for locally produced agriculture in the Northeast US could result in significant land use change from forests to open pasture and other agricultural uses. This conversion may reduce the soil hydrologic flow due to tree removal and increased soil compaction, leading to increasing surface runoff and erosion. Silvopasture—an agroforestry system that integrates trees with livestock—offers a potentially more sustainable alternative to conversion to open pasture, and has recently gained interest with local land owners and farmers in the region. The retention of trees within pastures may help maintain critical hydrologic functions of forest soils by promoting higher infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivity, and thereby avoiding degradation of forest hydrologic functions. We assessed the impacts of forest-to-pasture vs. forest-tosilvopasture conversion on soil hydraulic properties at two study sites, an unreplicated treatment site at the UNH Organic Dairy Research Farm (ODRF) in Lee, NH and a replicated treatment site at the North Branch Farm (NBF) in Saranac, NY. Specifically, we measured unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K(h)) at the soil surface and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)) at 15 cm and 30 cm depths under three land uses: intact forest, open pasture, and silvopasture. Differences between land uses were observed in K(sat) results at both sites. At the ODRF, the K(sat) at 15cm depth was highest in intact forest, intermediate in silvopasture, and lowest in open pasture. However, at the 30 cm depth there were no distinct differences. The NBF site exhibited a different pattern, where the 15 cm K(sat) in silvopasture and open pasture were similar and both lower than the intact forest, but at the 30 cm depth, silvopasture K(sat) was higher than open pasture and comparable to the slightly higher intact forest. The reduced soil hydraulic conductivity under open pasture may have consequences for increasing surface runoff and soil erosion in response to high intensity rainfall. Soil hydraulic properties in silvopasture, although variable, have some potential to function as an intermediate between higher levels in the intact forest and lower levels in the open pasture which would partially maintain ecosystem and hydrologic services.
Josephson Current Suppression in Three-Dimensional Focussed Ion-Beam Fabrication of SubMicron Intrinsic Junctions

We have fabricated intrinsic Josephson junction arrays in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 thin films using three-dimensional focussed ion-beam milling. We have measured the dependence of the switching current density of these arrays at 4.2 K upon the junction cross-sectional area. There is strong suppression of the switching current density for junctions of area less than 1 m 2 , the current extrapolating to zero at an area of 0.25 m 2 . We discuss the roles of gallium ion implantation and both thermal and quantum fluctuations in this current suppression. INTRODUCTION Since the spacing of consecutive copper-oxide double planes in many cuprate superconductors is greater than the coherence length in the c-direction, these planes are Josephson coupled. Hence a cuprate superconductor structure in which the current is forced to flow in the c-direction acts as a series array of “intrinsic” Josephson junctions [1]. Such junctions show promise for a wide variety of applications. For example, zero-crossing Shapiro steps at frequencies up to 2.5 THz have been measured in single crystal Bi-Sr-CaCu-O intrinsic junctions [2], suggesting that they are suitable for development as voltage standards and sub-mm-wave oscillators. In addition there is a range of applications for submicron intrinsic junctions which exploit the Coulomb blockade effect, such as electric-field sensors and quantum current standards [3]. Intrinsic junctions are particularly suited to such applications since electron-electron interactions between neighbouring junctions (which are separated by ~ 1.7 nm) may lead to an enhancement of the charging energy, EC, by a factor on the order of 10 3 [4, 5]. With such applications in mind, a variety of thin-film-based intrinsic junction device geometries has been proposed; for a review of such devices see [6]. We have developed a method for fabricating intrinsic Josephson junctions using three-dimensional focussed ionbeam milling [7, 8] of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 (TBCCO) thin films on lanthanum aluminate substrates. Such devices show high-quality underdamped (Stewart – McCumber parameter c > 10 3 ) current-voltage characteristics which are comparable to those obtained on single crystals. Here we show that the strong suppression of the apparent critical current for junctions of cross-sectional area A less than 1 m 2 may be the result of quantum fluctuations.
Anticancer Property of Simple Ascidian Phallusia Nigra Savigny, 1816 against MDA-MB-231 Cells

: Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent disease affecting women. Methods: Female adult Swiss albino mice weighing 20-25 g were used to assess anticancer activity of the ethanol extract of the simple ascidian Phallusia nigra against human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) by evaluating cytotoxicity, relative organ weight of vital organs, tumor weight, % inhibition, solid tumor volume, median survival time, % increase of lifespan, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable cell count adopting standard procedures. Results: 100% cytotoxicity was obtained at 0.60 mg/ml concentration. Negligible changes were noted in relative organ weight. There was a dose dependent increase in % inhibition of tumor and decrease in tumor weight. A highly significant reduction in tumor volume was noted. Median survival time, % increase of life span, non viable cells increased significantly and packed cell volume, viable cells decreased. Conclusion: In-vivo studies indicate the presence of bioactive compounds in Phallusia nigra with anticancer property against MDA-MB-231.
The role of oxygen vacancy in the photoluminescence property at room temperature of the CaTiO3

In this paper, electron paramagnetic resonance, photoluminescence PL emission, and quantum mechanical calculations were used to observe and understand the structural order-disorder of CaTiO3, paying special attention to the role of oxygen vacancy. The PL phenomenon at room temperature of CaTiO3 is directly influenced by the presence of oxygen vacancies that yield structural order-disorder. These oxygen vacancies bonded at Ti and/or Ca induce new electronic states inside the band gap. Ordered and disordered CaTiO3 was obtained by the polymeric precursor method. © 2009 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.3190524
Seasonal variations in the condition of two Daphnia species and their hybrid in a eutrophic lake: evidence for food limitation

As seston and chlorophyll concentrations in eutrophic lakes are usually high all year round, it was hypothesized in the past that food limitation is of major importance for the seasonal dynamics of herbivorous zooplankton in such lakes. Since direct measurements of food are hampered by the lack of knowledge on the exact nature of the food in eutrophic conditions, indirect measurements are necessary to estimate the degree of food limitation in these circumstances. Hence, we used laboratory- and field-derived relationships between the body length and body carbon content of different species of Daphnia, which were collected from the highly eutrophic Tjeukemeer, the Netherlands. From a seasonal survey of the carbon content of the daphnids. we concluded that in Tjeukemeer D.galeata, D.galeata x cucullata and D.cucullata are food limited during the largest part of the year. Since the condition of the hybrids was relatively high as compared with the parental species when the food concentration was high, D.galeata x cucutlaia is expected to be the more successful taxon during periods of high food availability.