Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical inactivity and its association with nutritional status, body image dissatisfaction and sedentary behavior in adolescents of public schools. Inatividade física e sua associação com estado nutricional, insatisfação com a imagem corporal e comportamentos sedentários em adolescentes de escolas 

Objective: To determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with nutritional status, body image dissatisfaction and sedentary behavior in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 595 schoolchildren (196 boys and 399 girls; age from 14 to 18 years old) enrolled in public schools of Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The independent variables were age, body image perception, nutritional status and sedentary behavior (television, video game and computer). Adolescents with less than 300 minutes of physical activity per week were classified as insufficiently active. The logistic regression model was used to identify possible associations between physical inactivity and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 25.4% (male: 21.9%, female: 27,1%, p=0,20). No association between physical inactivity and the independent variables was observed among boys. In contrast, girls classified as insufficiently active presented a 2.55 times higher chance of presenting low weight (95%CI=1.36-4.77). In addition, the chance of physical inactivity was 1.67 times higher among girls who watched television for more than two hours per day (95%CI=1.03-2.71). Conclusions: One out of four adolescents was classified as insufficiently active. Low weight and watching television for more than two hours per day were strongly associated with physical inactivity among adolescent girls. The results suggest that adolescents, especially girls, need to be advised
Ecological Aspects of Influenza a Viruses in Animals and Their Relationship to Human Influenza: A Review

It is a reflection of the continuing importance of influenza that it has been termed 'the last great plague of man' (Kaplan & Webster 1977, Beveridge 1977). In many respects influenza in man is unique in its epidemiology, most particularly in that at intervals as short as 10 years or as long as 40 a 'new' virus emerges which results in worldwide infections of a large proportion of the human population (Pereira 1980). Such pandemics may have an enormous impact on society in terms of mortality, morbidity and economic factors. Because of these effects there are detailed accounts of recognizable influenza pandemics which date back many centuries. Possibly the most devastating influenza pandemic recorded occurred in 1918. It has been estimated that during this pandemic between 20 and 40 million deaths occurred throughout the world and that in a developed country, such as the USA, about 0.5%o of the population died (Kaplan & Webster 1977).
10-GHz Self-Referenced Optical Frequency Comb

A laser that emits lines every 10 gigahertz can be used for frequency calibration in spectroscopy. The femtosecond laser–based frequency comb has played a key role in high-precision optical frequency metrology for a decade. Although often referred to as a precise optical frequency ruler, its tick marks are in fact too densely spaced for direct observation and individual use, limiting important applications in spectroscopy, astronomy, and ultrafast electromagnetic waveform control. We report on a femtosecond laser frequency comb with a 10-gigahertz repetition rate that creates a stabilized output spectrum with coverage from 470 to 1130 nanometers. The individual modes can be directly resolved with a grating spectrometer and are visible by eye.
Some Results on 4-Transitive Digraphs

Abstract Let D be a digraph with set of vertices V and set of arcs A. We say that D is k-transitive if for every pair of vertices u, v ∈ V, the existence of a uv-path of length k in D implies that (u, v) ∈ A. A 2-transitive digraph is a transitive digraph in the usual sense. A subset N of V is k-independent if for every pair of vertices u, v ∈ N, we have d(u, v), d(v, u) ≥ k; it is l-absorbent if for every u ∈ V \ N there exists v ∈ N such that d(u, v) ≤ l. A k-kernel of D is a k-independent and (k − 1)-absorbent subset of V. The problem of determining whether a digraph has a k-kernel is known to be 𝒩𝒫-complete for every k ≥ 2. In this work, we characterize 4-transitive digraphs having a 3-kernel and also 4-transitive digraphs having a 2-kernel. Using the latter result, a proof of the Laborde-Payan-Xuong conjecture for 4-transitive digraphs is given. This conjecture establishes that for every digraph D, an independent set can be found such that it intersects every longest path in D. Also, Seymour’s Second Neighborhood Conjecture is verified for 4-transitive digraphs and further problems are proposed.
The Mini-Mental State Examination.

To the Editor. — In response (Archives1982;39:1443-1445) to a letter by Ganguli and Saul (Archives1982;39:1442-1443), Robins and Helzer noted that the Mini-Mental State Examination, 1 incorporated into the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) to assess cognitive impairment, had been reported by Folstein et al to differentiate between pseudodementia and true organic brain syndromes. We would like to make that statement more specific. The Mini-Mental State Examination was designed as a clinical method for grading cognitive impairment. It produces a score that can be used to follow the course of patients or as a case detection technique after cutoff scores are established. In a clinical psychiatric setting, a low Mini-Mental score can be associated with many disorders including mental retardation, delirium, manicdepressive disorder, and schizophrenia, as illustrated by Folstein et al in their pre- DSM-III article in 1975. 1,2 However, on a medical unit like the one from which Ganguli and
Pancreatic duct pressure, duct permeability and acute pancreatitis

The relationship between pancreatic duct pressure, duct permeability to macromolecules and the development of acute pancreatitis was studied in a cat model. Perfusion of the pancreatic duct with 15 mM glycodeoxycholic acid, ethanol administration, or secretagogue‐stimulated pancreatic secretion against > 50 per cent duct obstruction resulted in an increase in peak pancreatic duct pressure in all animals. Duct permeability to 20 000 molecular weight dextran molecules was increased in 22 of 29 experimental animals compared with two of 22 control animals (P <0·01). Perfusion of the pancreatic duct with activated pancreatic enzymes resulted in acute pancreatitis in 24 of 29 experimental animals compared with three of 22 control animals (P <0·01). These results suggest that pancreatic ductal hypertension, resulting in increased ductal permeability to large molecules, may be a common early event in gallstone and alcoholic pancreatitis.
A 0.5-V Fully Synthesizable SAR ADC for On-Chip Distributed Waveform Monitors

This paper presents a fully synthesizable successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for on-chip distributed waveform monitoring in a low-power system-on-chip (SoC). All blocks in the proposed ADC are designed using only standard digital cells, enabling an auto-generation based on regular digital design tools. Therefore, the proposed ADC provides enhanced portability and reusability which facilitate integration into various functional blocks requiring testing and diagnosis. To implement the SAR ADC, a synthesizable voltage digital-to-analog converter (VDAC) and a rail-to-rail hybrid comparator are proposed in this paper. An inherited nonlinearity of the standard-cell-based VDAC is compensated by a histogram-based soft calibration which can be easily embedded in a waveform reconstruction module. In addition, an oversampling technique with a redundant error correction method is employed to realize the fully synthesizable design without a sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit. The proposed ADC was fabricated in 28-nm CMOS technology, occupying an active area of 0.002 mm2. The ADC achieves 5.39-bit effective-number-of-bit (ENOB) at 500-kS/s sampling rate. The power consumption of the ADC is $92.2~\mu \text{W}$ with a supply voltage of 0.5 V.
Antimicrobial Properties of Cooked African Locust Beans (Parkia biglobosa) Effluent with and without Its Chaff

Aim: This study aim to determine the antimicrobial properties of the Parkia biglobosa (Jacque Benth.) effluents (waste water from the preparation of Parkia biglobosa). The effluents were tested against some typed and clinical pathogenic microorganisms for their antimicrobial properties using the conventional antibiotics as the control. Study Design: Effluent with and without chaff is to serve as agents used to determine its antimicrobial properties on the clinical and typed isolates. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between November- 2015 and July- 2016 at the Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methodology: Locust beans bought from “Oja Oba” market, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo state were cooked until the coat was soft and the effluent (waste water from the locust beans) was decanted, cooked again and the effluent with chaffs was also decanted. Both effluents (with and without chaffs) were used against the test and clinical microorganisms using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out using tube dilution method using Mueller Hinton broth. Results: The typed pathogenic microorganisms were subjected to antimicrobial tests using the P. biglobosa effluents at 100mg/mL; the effluents were able to inhibit S. pyogenes (ATCC 29212) S. aureus (ATCC 43300), S. typhi (ATCC 35240) and E. coli (ATCC 35218) while P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and K. pneumonia (ATCC 48891) were resistant to the effluents. E. coli (ATCC 35218) had the lowest susceptibility at 6.33 ± 0.58bmm and S. pyogenes (ATCC 29212) had the highest susceptibility with 13.00 ± 1.73amm zones of inhibition for the locust beans effluent. For the clinical isolate, the effluent (waste water from the boiled locust beans) and effluent containing chaffs were also able to inhibit S. aureus, S. typhi, E. coli and S. pyogenes. For the effluent containing chaffs, S. aureus had the lowest susceptibility at 2.33 ± 0.58a mm while S. pyogenes had the highest susceptibility at 9.33 ± 0.58a mm. P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to the effluents. Conclusion: This study has provided useful information on the antimicrobial activities of the effluents against clinical and typed microorganisms used in this study.
Pre-radiotherapy PSA Level as a Predictor for Biochemical Control in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy after Radical Prostatectomy

Background: To report the outcome of patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: Between May 2001 and December 2008, 53 consecutive cases of prostate adenocarcinoma treated with RP and RT were reviewed. Results: A total of 49 patients were eligible for this study. After a median follow-up of 53 months, the 4-year overall survival (OS) and biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) for all patients were 91.0% and 68.9%, respectively. According to univariate and multivariate analysis, pre-RT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was the most significant factor for bPFS. Patients with pre-RT PSA levels of < 0.2 ng/ml and ≧ 0.2 ng/ml had a 4-year bPFS of 83.1% and 52.6%, respectively (p = 0.013). The incidence of chronic rectal toxicity was low, with no grade 3 toxicity reported and grade 2 toxicity found in only 6 patients (12.2%). However, long-term urinary toxicity of grade 2 or higher was found in 24 patients (49.0%). Conclusion: For patients with increasing PSA levels following RP, local RT should be administered prior to biochemical failure (PSA ≧ 0.2), to ensure good bPFS.
Exercise and IL‐6 infusion inhibit endotoxin‐induced TNF‐α production in humans

During “nondamaging” exercise, skeletal muscle markedly releases interleukin (IL)‐6, and it has been suggested that one biological role of this phenomenon is to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, which is known to cause pathogenesis such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. To test this hypothesis, we performed three experiments in which eight healthy males either rested (CON), rode a bicycle for 3 h (EX), or were infused with recombinant human IL‐6 (rhIL‐6) for 3 h while they rested. After 2.5 h, the volunteers received a bolus of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (0.06 ng/kg) i.v. to induce low‐grade inflammation. In CON, plasma TNF‐α increased significantly in response to endotoxin. In contrast, during EX, which resulted in elevated IL‐6, and rhIL‐6, the endotoxin‐induced increase in TNF‐α was totally attenuated. In conclusion, physical exercise and rhIL‐6 infusion at physiological concentrations inhibit endotoxin‐induced TNF‐α production in humans. Hence, these data provide the first experimental evidence that physical activity mediates antiinflammatory activity and suggest that the mechanism include IL‐6, which is produced by and released from exercising muscles.
Soft tissue differentiation using multiband signatures of high resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography

In this paper, we are interested in soft tissue differentiation by multiband images obtained from the High-Resolution Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography (HUTT) system using a spectral target detection method based on constrained energy minimization (CEM). We have developed a new tissue differentiation method (called "CEM filter bank") consisting of multiple CEM filters specially designed for detecting multiple types of tissues. Statistical inference on the output of the CEM filter bank is used to make a decision based on the maximum statistical significance rather than the magnitude of each CEM filter output. We test and validate this method through three-dimensional interphantom/intraphantom soft tissue classification where target profiles obtained from an arbitrary single slice are used for differentiation over multiple other tomographic slices. The performance of the proposed classifier is assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. We also apply our method to classify tiny structures inside a bovine kidney and sheep kidneys. Using the proposed method we can detect physical objects and biological tissues such as styrofoam balls, chicken tissue, calyces, and vessel-duct successfully.
Swallowing Quality of Life After Zona Incerta Deep Brain Stimulation

Objectives: The management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been improved, but management of signs like swallowing problems is still challenging. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) alleviates the cardinal motor symptoms and improves quality of life, but its effect on swallowing is not fully explored. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported swallowing-specific quality of life before and after caudal zona incerta DBS (cZI DBS) in comparison with a control group. Methods: Nine PD patients (2 women and 7 men) completed the self-report Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) before and 12 months after cZI DBS surgery. The postoperative data were compared to 9 controls. Median ages were 53 years (range, 40-70 years) for patients and 54 years (range, 42-72 years) for controls. Results: No significant differences were found between the pre- or postoperative scores. The SWAL-QOL total scores did not differ significantly between PD patients and controls. The PD patients reported significantly lower scores in the burden subscale and the symptom scale. Conclusions: Patients with PD selected for cZI DBS showed good self-reported swallowing-specific quality of life, in many aspects equal to controls. The cZI DBS did not negatively affect swallowing-specific quality of life in this study.
Feature engineering for detecting spammers on Twitter: Modelling and analysis

Twitter is a social networking website that has gained a lot of popularity around the world in the last decade. This popularity made Twitter a common target for spammers and malicious users to spread unwanted advertisements, viruses and phishing attacks. In this article, we review the latest research works to determine the most effective features that were investigated for spam detection in the literature. These features are collected to build a comprehensive data set that can be used to develop more robust and accurate spammer detection models. The new data set is tested using popular classifiers (Naive Bayes, support vector machines, multilayer perceptron neural networks, Decision Trees, Random forests and k-Nearest Neighbour). The prediction performance of these classifiers is evaluated and compared based on different evaluation metrics. Moreover, a further analysis is carried out to identify the features that have higher impact on the accuracy of spam detection. Three different techniques are used and compared for this analysis: change of mean square error (CoM), information gain (IG) and Relief-F method. Top five features identified by each technique are used again to build the detection models. Experimental results show that most of the developed classifiers obtained high evaluation results based on the comprehensive data set constructed in this work. Experiments also reveal the important role of some features like the reputation of the account, average length of the tweet, average mention per tweet, age of the account, and the average time between posts in the process of identifying spammers in the social network.
Discriminative power of transient frames in speaker recognition

In speaker recognition, several recent studies attempt to integrate prior knowledge in order to make better distinction between speakers. This paper studies the relative speaker discriminative power of speech transient and steady zones. An automatic segmentation is used to localize these two types of zones. Experiments are carried out with the KIST 2003 speaker evaluation database. They show that transient frames, in the neighborhood of segment boundaries, are more speaker discriminative than the middle frames of long segments which correspond to the steady parts of phones. In addition, this study leads to a higher efficiency system (than the baseline one) by processing roughly three times less data during the scoring stage.
Gut-sparing treatment of urinary tract infection in patients at high risk of Clostridium difficile infection

Background: Recipients of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) remain at markedly increased risk of re-infection with C. difficile with new antibiotic provocations. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common indications for antibiotics in these patients, often resulting in C. difficile re-infection. Methods: We present a case series of 19 patients treated with parenteral aminoglycosides for UTI following FMT for RCDI. A 3 day outpatient regimen of once-daily intramuscular administration of gentamicin was used to treat 18 consecutive FMT recipients with uncomplicated UTI. One other patient was treated for a complicated UTI with intravenous amikacin. Profiling of 16S rRNA genes was used to track changes in faecal microbial community structure during this regimen in three patients. Results: The protocol was highly effective in treating UTI symptoms. None of the patients suffered a re-infection with C. difficile. The faecal microbial communities remained undisturbed by treatment with intramuscular administration of gentamicin. Conclusions: Despite falling out of favour in recent years, aminoglycoside antibiotics given parenterally have the advantage of minimal penetration into the gut lumen. A brief (3 day) course of parenteral gentamicin was safe and effective in curing UTI in patients at high risk of C. difficile infection without perturbing their gut microbiota.
Abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel pretreatment: the ISAR-REACT 2 randomized trial.

CONTEXT No specifically designed studies have addressed the role of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor abciximab in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after pretreatment with 600 mg of clopidogrel. OBJECTIVE To assess whether abciximab is associated with clinical benefit in high-risk patients with ACS undergoing PCI after pretreatment with 600 mg of clopidogrel. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS International, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted from March 2003 through December 2005, enrolling 2022 patients (mean age, 66 years) with non-ST-segment elevation ACS undergoing PCI. INTERVENTIONS Patients were assigned to receive either abciximab (0.25 mg/kg of body weight bolus, followed by a 0.125-microg/kg per minute [maximum, 10 microg/min] infusion for 12 hours, plus heparin, 70 U/kg of body weight) or placebo (placebo bolus and infusion of 12 hours, plus heparin bolus, 140 U/kg). All patients received clopidogrel, 600 mg, at least 2 hours prior to the procedure, as well as 500 mg of oral or intravenous aspirin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent target vessel revascularization occurring within 30 days after randomization; secondary end points were rates of in-hospital major and minor bleeding. RESULTS Of 2022 patients enrolled, 1012 were assigned to abciximab and 1010 to placebo. The primary end point was reached in 90 patients (8.9%) assigned to abciximab vs 120 patients (11.9%) assigned to placebo, a 25% reduction in risk with abciximab (relative risk [RR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97; P = .03). Among patients without an elevated troponin level, there was no difference in the incidence of primary end point events between the abciximab group (23/499 patients [4.6%]) and the placebo group (22/474 patients [4.6%]) (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.56-1.76; P = .98), whereas among patients with an elevated troponin level, the incidence of events was significantly lower in the abciximab group (67/513 patients [13.1%]) compared with the placebo group (98/536 patients [18.3%]), which corresponds to an RR of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54-0.95; P = .02) (P = .07 for interaction). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the risk of major and minor bleeding as well as need for transfusion. CONCLUSIONS Abciximab reduces the risk of adverse events in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS undergoing PCI after pretreatment with 600 mg of clopidogrel. The benefits provided by abciximab appear to be confined to patients presenting with an elevated troponin level. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00133003.
Reciprocal translocation associated with multiple exostoses in seven members of a three generation family and discovered through an infertile male

We report a four generations family with multiple exostoses segregating with a reciprocal translocation t(8;19)(q24.11;q13.13) in 8 members of three generations. FISH investigations detected a breakage of the dosage‐sensitive EXT1 gene. Although three members of the family died perinatally from unknown causes and one carrier had four spontaneous abortions, the translocation was discovered only when the cytogenetic analysis was requested in an affected male because of oligozoospermia. In fact, it is well known that infertile males may be carriers of reciprocal or Robertsonian translocations with a higher frequency than the general population. This family stresses the importance of requesting the cytogenetic analysis in all cases in which a dominant disease segregates with repeated miscarriages and/or newborn deaths of unknown cause. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.