Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why Are Firms Sold? The Role of The Target CEO’S Age, Tenure, and Share Ownership

WHY ARE FIRMS SOLD? THE ROLE OF THE TARGET CEO’S AGE, TENURE, AND SHARE OWNERSHIP Reinier Kraakman Harvard Law School John C. Coates IV Harvard Law School March 2006 Preliminary and Partial Draft. Please do not quote or cite without the permission of the authors.
Hospital Mergers in Norway: Employee Health and Turnover to Three Destinations

This article investigates the probability of turnover to three destinations following hospital merg- ers: within the hospital sector, out of the hospital sector, and out of work. It is hypothesized that mergers increase turnover to nonemployment among employees with poor health and increase turnover to employment outside of the hospital sector among healthy employees. Discrete-time survival analyses show that mergers increase turnover within the hospital sector for all employ- ees, regardless of health. Turnover to other sectors and out of work does not increase. Possible explanations for the limited turnover out of the sector associated with mergers are aspects of the Norwegian labor market such as the institution of employee participation, low unemployment, and labor shortages within hospitals.
Investigating the sustainability potential of a supplier integrating approach to product-service systems

Product-Service Systems (PSS) are seen as a mean to achieve a circular economy and a sustainable consumption. Many authors point out the importance of supply network involvement to realise the sustainable effect. However, the PSS literature lack reasoning about the effect supplier integration on PSSs sustainable mechanisms. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an understanding of how supply network integration in a PSS offer affects its sustainable mechanisms and how these are affected by product and industry context. This purpose is addressed through an exploratory single case study investigating the views of several actors from an extended supply network of a focal firm within the PC industry. Somewhat surprisingly the results show that none of the involved actors have incentives to enhance sustainable mechanisms. The two reasons for this are; (1) Contextual factors of the PC industry make long term product use in PSSs economically unfavourable and (2) Despite that the SIPSS approach have the potential to support sustainability more than a normal PSS, complexity, incentive dilution, and product-service decoupling makes this potential hard to achieve. Theoretical implications of this research is that the supplier network have big impact on the sustainable potential of PSSs and that a decoupled service and product offer also have big impact on the sustainable potential. Thus these two features are important to be considered in PSS research. Practical implications are that demands on practitioners are high in regards of decision making connected to sustainability, and that there is a need for governmental support in order to enhance sustainability incentives, in industries where incentives for sustainable mechanisms are weak.
Management Decision Emerald Article : Exploring the motives and determinants of innovation performance of Malaysian offshore international joint ventures

Purpose – The existing literature indicates that in developing countries, much remains to be done in terms of improving understanding of international joint venture (IJV) issues such as the motives for firms to pursue IJVs and the factors which affect their performance. In view of this, the present paper seeks to identify the motives of Malaysian firms for engaging in offshore IJVs, and analyze the interplay among four key variables – motive, strategic fit, knowledge transfer and innovation performance – from the perspective of Malaysian IJVs. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, theoretical linkages among the variables and relevant hypotheses were developed; then subsequently tested using bootstrap analysis. A total of 234 questionnaires were sent to managers of Malaysian IJVs abroad and 74 usable responses were returned, yielding a response rate of 31.62 percent. Findings – The results suggest that Malaysian firms pursue IJVs abroad mainly to expedite profit generation and market penetration, while acquiring knowledge is considered only as a secondary motive. At the same time the results affirm that knowledge transfer mediates the effect of strategic fit on the innovative capacity of the IJVs. This implies that although knowledge transfer is very important to IJV innovation performance, that importance is seriously underestimated by Malaysian businesses. Research limitations/implications – The study highlights the need to incorporate moderating factors in the future when examining the effect of motive and strategic fit on innovation. Results of the reliability tests also question the generalizability of existing strategic fit and knowledge transfer scales in a Malaysian setting. Practical implications – The findings provide lessons for foreign businesses by improving understanding of what Malaysian businesses seek most in an IJV, which in turn will help foster better strategic fit between partners. For Malaysian firms and policy makers, the study should serve as a reminder that knowledge transfer is very important in improving innovativeness and deserves greater attention and commitment. Originality/value – Research on IJV suggests interesting differences between firms from developed and developing nations. The current paper helps to enrich the literature on IJVs, particularly from the perspective of knowledge and learning orientation in developing nations.
Employers Size Wage Differential: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?

Wage differential due to employer size is one of the key areas of interest in labor market research because a strong positive relationship between employer size and wages has been observed in developed and developing countries. It is, however, relatively neglected area of research in Pakistan. The purpose of present study is to investigate the employer size wage differential by looking at human capital factors. The study is based on standard methodology and estimates earning functions on Labor Force Survey (LFS) data for year 2007-08. Results clearly show that human capital investment has a bigger role in determining wages in the larger firms as compared to smaller firms. The main policy implications emanating from the analysis are the higher investment in skill which increases opportunities for workers in the labor market for higher wages and for jobs with good characteristics especially in large sized firms. The government policy towards education and skill formation needs serious reforms and better allocation of funds so that people get chance to enhance their skill level hence wages
Examining the Differences in Assessing Quality of Translations and Acceptability of Texts

The main focus of modern Translation Studies seems to be the ever changing challenges of successful cross–cultural communication. With globalisation of society, limitations in mutual understanding are surfacing, which are usually followed by the communicator’s failure to meet the other party’s expectations. Such expectations are not only linguistically, but culturally embedded and might prove difficult to grasp for those who are not closely connected to the particular culture. Mastering linguistic abilities is an inevitable requirement and represents an important aspect of cross–cultural communication, but achieving a high level of acceptability of (translated) texts proves to be just as important, while not always directly related to the traditional linguistic aspects of the text. It requires meeting the expectations of the target audience which exceed the scope of grammar and vocabulary. Prior cultural and discoursal experience with relevant texts proves to play an important role in producing translations which meet the target audience’s expectations in terms of linguistic, but more importantly in terms of discoursal characteristics.
News media, asset prices and capital flows: evidence from a small open economy

Objectives This work investigates the role for the content of print news media in determining asset prices and capital flows in a small open economy (South Africa). Specifically, it examines how much of the daily variation in stock prices, bond prices, trading volume and capital flows can be explained by phrases in the print news media. Furthermore, this work links such evidence to the existing theoretical and empirical literature. Methods This work employs natural language processing techniques for counting words and phrases within articles published in national newspapers. Variance decompositions of the resulting word and phrase counts summarise the information extracted from national newspapers in this way. Following previous studies of the United States, least squares regression relates stock returns to single positive or negative ‘sentiment’ factors. New in this study, support vector regression relates South African stock returns, bond returns and capital flows to the high-dimensional word and phrase counts from national newspapers. Results I find that domestic asset prices and capital flows between residents and non-residents reflect the content of domestic print news media. In particular, I find that the contents of national newspapers can predict 9 percent of the variation in daily stock returns one day ahead and 7 percent of the variation in the daily excess return of long-term bonds over short-term bonds three days ahead. This predictability in stocks and bonds coincides with predictability of the content of domestic print news media for net equity and debt portfolio capital inflows, suggesting that the domestic print news media affects foreign residents’ demand for domestic assets. Moreover, predictability of domestic print news media for near future stock returns is driven by emotive language, suggesting a role for ‘sentiment’, while such predictability for stock returns further ahead and the premium on long-term bonds is driven by non-emotive language, suggesting a role for other media factors in determining asset prices. These results do not seem to reflect a purely historical phenomenon, finite-sample biases, reverse causality, serial correlation, volatility or day-of-the-week effects. The results support models where foreign agents’ short-run beliefs or preferences respond to the content of domestic print news media heterogeneously from those of domestic agents, while becoming more homogeneous in the medium term.
Towards a better understanding of mix engineering

This thesis explores how the study of realistic mixes can expand current knowledge about multitrack music mixing. An essential component of music production, mixing remains an esoteric matter with few established best practices. Research on the topic is challenged by a lack of suitable datasets, and consists primarily of controlled studies focusing on a single type of signal processing. However, considering one of these processes in isolation neglects the multidimensional nature of mixing. For this reason, this work presents an analysis and evaluation of real-life mixes, demonstrating that it is a viable and even necessary approach to learn more about how mixes are created and perceived. Addressing the need for appropriate data, a database of 600 multitrack audio recordings is introduced, and mixes are produced by skilled engineers for a selection of songs. This corpus is subjectively evaluated by 33 expert listeners, using a new framework tailored to the requirements of comparison of musical signal processing. By studying the relationship between these assessments and objective audio features, previous results are confirmed or revised, new rules are unearthed, and descriptive terms can be defined. In particular, it is shown that examples of inadequate processing, combined with subjective evaluation, are essential in revealing the impact of mix processes on perception. As a case study, the percept ‘reverberation amount’ is expressed as a function of two objective measures, and a range of acceptable values can be delineated. To establish the generality of these findings, the experiments are repeated with an expanded set of 180 mixes, assessed by 150 subjects with varying levels of experience from seven different locations in five countries. This largely confirms initial findings, showing few distinguishable trends between groups. Increasing experience of the listener results in a larger proportion of critical and specific statements, and agreement with other experts.
The perception of effort is not a valid tool for establishing the strength-training zone

The main purpose was to investigate whether the perception of effort during the two first repetitions of strength exercises could be an adequate strategy for estimating the strength-training zone. The sample comprised 11 women (18 to 35 years-old). In the first week, the volunteers performed a 1-RM test in seven exercises on strength machines, and the load was calculated to reach 50%, 70% and 90% of the 1-RM. Over the next three weeks, the volunteers were required to perform randomly the exercises at these three intensities. After the two first repetitions, the volunteers were questioned about how many repetitions they believed they could achieve until failure (self-estimated). Additionally, volunteers were asked to indicate their exertion according Borg scale. After volunteers performed every exercise until concentric failure to complete the repetition maximum test (RMs test). The data were analyzed using linear regression, Pearson correlation and paired t-test. The results showed that the self-estimated number of repetitions underestimated 44% and 30% of the mean values of repetition maximum obtained directly at intensities of 50% and 70% (p < 0.05), respectively. Although repetition maximum were correlated with Borg scale (r = -0.23 to -0.41; p < 0.05) and self-estimated number of repetitions (r = 0.25 to 0.41; p < 0.05), the standard errors of estimate obtained by linear regression were very high (40% to 49%), which prevented any estimation equations. In conclusion, the perception of effort during the two first repetitions is not a satisfactory strategy for estimating the strength-training zone.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPENSATION AND OBSERVABLE LUCK FOR DUTCH CEOS

The Principal-agent theory states that, under the assumption of a risk-averse agent and a risk-neutral principal, the risk should be allocated optimally between the principal and the agent. The literature on management control states that under certain circumstances the agent should bear some risk in the form of incentive pay. These incentives deliver risk and can influence the performance both in a good, as well as in a bad way. In order to test for this relationship, we gathered information regarding the compensation of the CEOs, and the performance of Dutch firms. This data was assembled from the Wharton Research Data Services. This was supplemented by information on the investment performance for the Nasdaq and Dow Jones. Finally the relationship between compensation and luck is tested by using a TSLS model with the return on investments for both the Nasdaq, as well as the Dow Jones as instrumental variables. We find that this risk is a driving force behind the compensation for Dutch CEOs. This leads to the conclusion that CEOs of Dutch companies are paid for observable luck. We analysed this by using three types of compensation namely total compensation, base wage, and bonus. All types of compensation show to have a positive relation with observable luck.
A Graph-Theoretic Approach to Timbre Matching

This paper presents a novel approach to the matching problem associated with timbre morphing. In particular a graph-theoretic technique, that of subgraph isomorphism, is applied to find correspondences between graph representations of a feature set for each timbre. The features are identified from Wigner distributions of the sounds using an adaptation of the McAulay-Quatieri sinusoidal analysis techniques. These features are then interpreted as nodes in graph representations of timbre. An audio morphing application can then be implemented by the application of spatial warping and linear interpolation of the Wigner distributions based on the correspondences established.
Effects of gender and school type on attitudes towards mathematics

Attitude and perception plays a crucial role in the learning of mathematics. This study was designed to investigate the different attitudes towards mathematics at the secondary school level. The purpose of this study is to find out the students attitude towards mathematics based on their individual genders and their school type i.e. single sex or coeducational school. The sample consisted of 180 secondary school students across three schools. A questionnaire was used to examine the attitudes towards mathematics by asking questions related to self-confidence in doing mathematics and perception about the usefulness of mathematics. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was utilized to analyze the collected data. The results highlight differences in attitude towards mathematics between boys and girls that are more pronounced when they are in different school types. Moreover, we propose using a fuzzy concept for the measurement of Likert-type scale to measure student attitudes toward mathematics.
Active fire and hotspot emissions in Peninsular Malaysia during the 2002 burning season

Thermal emissions from vegetation fires in Peninsular Malaysia as monitored by the National Oceanic Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) satellite during the burning season from February to March 2002 had showed that the states of Perak, Selangor and Pahang exhibited higher burning activities compared to other states. The hotspots displayed patterns of clusters that were variable temporally and spatially. Incomplete and uncontrolled vegetation burning can be a potential polluter to the surrounding atmosphere. Estimates of the emissions and dispersion of pollutants such as particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons were investigated. The emission estimates showed that comparatively, carbon monoxide ranked as the highest polluter, followed by particulate matter and nonmethane hydrocarbons. Estimates of the greenhouse gases showed that carbon dioxide was much higher than either the emissions of nitrous oxides or methane. Keywords: greenhouse gases, hotspots, particulates, pollutants, thermal emissions, vegetation fires
Synthesis of the silky sifaka’s distribution (Propithecus candidus)

In this paper I 1) review the population abundance and distribution of Propithecus candidus, 2) comment on Rabearivony et al. (2015) and Rasolofoson et al. (2007) regarding P. candidus elevational range, distribution, and lack of occurrence in the pet trade. Resume Dans cette contribution je (1) reprends l’abondance et la distribution de la population de Propithecus candidus, et (2) commente les contributions de Rabearivony et al. (2015) et de Rasolofoson et al. (2007) a propos de l’aire de repartition et de la distribution altitudinale de P. candidus, ainsi que de son absence dans le commerce des animaux domestiques.
Towards an Integrated Model of Smart Manufacturing Enterprises

This research aims to provide enterprise architecture modeling support for smart manufacturers (industry 4.0 companies) by introducing several architectural patterns based on ArchiMate. A comparison is made between the ArchiMate 3.0 meta-model and the ISA-95 standard for enterprise systems and control systems integration. Several new constructs are introduced to ArchiMate to compensate for deficiencies found. The results are validated as part of a case study at a large steel manufacturer.
Sputum culture yield: comparing an automated diagnostic system to Löwenstein-Jensen medium in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis*

*Study carried out at the Instituto Clemente Ferreira Coordenadoria de Contole de Doenças Secretaria de Estado da Saúde São Paulo **Specialist, as designated by the Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia Correspondence to: Elisabete Ap. Almeida. Rua da Consolação, 717. CEP: 01301-000, São Paulo, SP. Phone: 55 11 3257-0624. E-mail: bete.alme@ig.com. br Submitted: 18 May 2004. Accepted, after review:20 January 2005 J Bras Pneumol 2005; 31(3): 231-6.
Approaches for Autonomous Vehicles in Civil Airspace: Giving Sight to the Blind

The growing prevalence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) brings great potential for public benefit, but in order to fly in civil airspace UAVs must avoid traffic without the benefit of an onboard human. Developing this capability presents many system integration challenges. This report examines the integration of automated detect, see, and avoid (DSA) systems on aircraft. For context, the need for UAV operations is reviewed. The report then examines how DSA fits into the entire framework for aviation safety. The research, test results, and conclusions that follow provide the necessary information to decide: • how to test and evaluate new DSA technology; • what is the necessary performance for installed DSA systems; • what is currently available and what possibilities are in development. Finally, after surveying available technologies, recommendations are given for some specific UAV platforms and missions. This report would be useful for persons engaged in DSA development, acquisition, or testing. It is applicable for all small aircraft because future advances may make DSA technology feasible for the entire aviation community. The emphasis, however, is on enabling safe UAV operation world-wide.
Farm segmentation and agricultural policy impacts on structural change: evidence from France

This study aims at investigating the impact of agricultural policies on structural change in farming. As not all farms may behave alike, a mixed Markov chain modelling approach is applied to capture for unobserved heterogeneity transition process of farms. A multinomial logit specification is used for transition probabilities and the parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood method and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. An empirical application to an unbalanced panel from 2000 to 2013 shows that the French farms mainly consists of a mixture two farm types characterized by specific transition processes. The main result of this paper is that the impact of farm subsidies from both the two pillars of the Common Agricultural policy (CAP) highly depends on the type membership of farms. From this result it is argued that more attention should be paid to both observed and unobserved farm heterogeneity in assessing agricultural policy impact on structural change in farming.
A Case Study in the Application of Model-Based Systems Engineering to Laboratory Research Science

A CASE STUDY IN THE APPLICATION OF MODEL-BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TO LABORATORY RESEARCH SCIENCE by Brad Crochet December 2017 This dissertation presents an exploration of the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tools and methods to the design and execution of sophisticated laboratory experiments. An experiment to measure the first excited state diffusion coefficient, recently attempted by the author, is used as an example. Several MBSE analysis methods are applied, retrospectively, to the process by which the experiment in question was planned and executed. The potential for increased efficiency in managing the diverse types of information associated with such laboratory experiments is demonstrated, as well as possible further avenues for future research.