Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ultrastructure of a doliolid and a copepod fecal pellet

The goal of this study was to determine the morphology and ultrastructure of doliolid pellets using light, epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy and compare the results to observations of calanoid copepod pellets. For (ultra)structural analyses, pellets of gonozooids of Dolioletta gegenbauri and females of the copepod Eucalanus pileatus were produced in feeding experiments at close to environmental food concentrations. Thin sections of a representative doliolid pellet revealed that these pellets were mainly composed of intact diatom valves, a few fragmented valves and intact flagellates. While the larger diatoms, Rhizosolenia alata, were completely digested (empty valves), the smaller diatoms, Thalassiosira weissflogii ,w ere partly, or not digested at all. The phytoflagellate, Isochrysis galbana ,a ppeared to be hardly digested. Aggregations of bacteria occurred mostly inside pellets associated closely with intact I. galbana flagellates and partly digested T. weissflogii cells; some scattered bacteria were found among fragmented valves. No, or little, bacterial colonization was associated with empty R. alata valves, and hardly digested T. weissflogii cells. Whereas doliolid fecal pellets were loosely packed and composed of fully, incompletely and/or hardly digested food particles, pellets of the copepod E. pileatus were densely packed and consisted mainly of fragmented diatom valves. Pellets of doliolids and calanoid copepods can represent a high percentage of the particulate organic carbon in the water-column on subtropical continental shelves.
Predictors of Anxiety Regarding The COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health-care Workers in a Hospital Not Assigned to Manage COVID-19 Patients in Nepal.

Introduction: We studied the levels and severity of anxiety caused by COVID-19 amongst frontline health-care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care neurological hospital in Nepal, not assigned to manage COVID-19 cases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 frontline Health Care Workers (HCWs) using a 10-point subjective assessment tool, the Anxiety Level Index (ALI), and the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Score (SAS), to assess the level of anxiety regarding COVID-19. Results: On ALI 55% of HCWs were found to have marked severe anxiety (6-9), however, on SAS 44% of HCWs reported anxiety. The majority HCWs were female (n=78) with nurses forming 62% of the sample size. The mean age was 26.8 years (SD 8.17). Factors associated with significantly higher levels of anxiety regarding COVID-19 on ALI were age (p=0.002), sex (p=0.001), receiving regular COVID-19 updates via social media (p=0.011) and a high frequency of checking for COVID-19 information authenticity (p=0.039). Work experience (p=0.026) and frequency of checking for information authenticity (p=0.029) were factors found to increase SAS measured anxiety and were found to be associated with significantly higher levels of anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that respondents with work experience of less than or equal to 2 years were 0.380 (95% CI 0.158 to 0.910) times less likely to have anxiety than those with work experience of more than 2 years. Similarly, the odds of having anxiety among those who checked information authenticity less frequently was 0.377 (95% CI 0.153 to 0.931) times less than those who often did. Conclusion: The COVID-19 outbreak has caused a substantial impact on the mental health of frontline HCWs in a hospital not assigned to manage COVID-19 patients. Length of time of worked in healthcare and the frequency of checking for COVID-19-related information were significant predictors of anxiety.
Economic Downturns and Mental Wellbeing

We study the impact of the business cycle on mental wellbeing by linking rich German survey data to over a decade of detailed gross domestic product information. Endogeneity concerns are tackled using a shift-share instrumental variables approach in which exposure to macroeconomic fluctuations is estimated from regional variations in historical industry sector composition. Estimation results reveal strong negative effects of economic downturns on both life satisfaction and a multidimensional measure of mental health. We provide evidence that these effects are mediated by fear of job loss and income reductions, while actual unemployment effects are negligible. A case study of the impact of the global financial crisis reveals that adverse effects on mental wellbeing are persistent and remained even after the economy recovered.
Synchronization Pattern of Chaotic System Containing Time Delay

In this study, we investigate synchronization phenomena observed in coupled chaotic circuits containing time delay. Various synchronization states can be observed . Especially, we focus on relationships between synchronization state and parameters. Coexisting synchronization states depending on initial values can be observed in the proposed system by carrying out computer calculation. Moreover, we investigate the effect of chaotic behaviour on subcircuit to synchronization states. Chaotic strength of subcircuit possibly induces anti-phase synchronization. I. I NTRODUCTION Recently, researches on chaos phenomena have been attracting attention. The chaos phenomenon shows a complex unpredictable behavior. It can be observed in various science fields, such as biology, economics, physics and astronomy. A number of studies on synchronization of coupled chaotic circuits have been made [ 1]. The synchronization is one of the typical phenomena observed in nature. There are flashing of fireflies, rhythm of the heart cells and laser oscillation in examples of the synchronization. In addition, synchronization phenomenon, there is an advantage that a large energy is obtained by synchronizing the small energy. By utilizing this property, it is possible to realize a pacemaker that can control the synchronization of the cardiomyocytes of the heart, which is actually used as a medical device. On the other hand, electric circuit observed the chaotic phenomena. There are a lot of merits using electric circuit to investigate chaotic behaviour. For instance, inexpensive element, short experiment time, high repeatability of the experiment and so on. There are various types of chaotic circuits. We focus on the chaos circuit including a also time delay in that [ 2]-[4]. In this study, we investigate two coupled chaotic circuits containing time delay. Especially we focus on the synchronization phenomena of our proposed circuit. By carrying out computer simulations, two types of synchronization phenomena depending on initial values can be observed. Moreover, we investigate the relationships between parameters and synchronization phenomena. II. C IRCUIT MODEL The chaotic circuit used in this study is shown in Fig. 1. The circuit is composed of a−gLC oscillator and the amplitude control loop. −g is a negative resistance, the current flowing through the inductor L is i, the voltage between the capacitor C is v. Switching operation is shown in Fig. 2, it controls the amplitude of the oscillator. The switching controls the amplitude ofv by changing from the negative resistance to the positive resistance when the amplitude is larger than the threshold value. This switching operation is included time delay.Td denotes the time delay. First, the switch is connected to a negative resistance. v is amplified while oscillating, the amplitude is bigger a certain threshold voltage Vth. The switch does not immediately connect in the positive resistance however the switch is connected after Td seconds. In the computer simulation, Td is set toπ/(1− α).
OD Morphogenesis: The Emerging Dialogic Platform of Premises*

In recent years there has been a range of conversations at academic and practitioner conferences, and in leading OD-related publications, questioning one or more aspect of OD theory and practice. Usually the concern is about amending some dimension of OD that is considered too limiting while seeking a different formulation to allow a broader range of focus and action. These include at one time or another calls for OD to expand its primary focus on a single organization to include broader systems, such as organizational sectors, communities, or global networks. It also often includes calls to expand issues of concern beyond economic viability and quality of work life to include also issues of social justice, sustainability, global health, climate change, and so forth. The changing contexts that impact how OD is carried out, and some of the issues OD is asked to address, are also noted with calls to expand OD capabilities and responses. These include being better able to address the impacts of globalization, information technology, multi-cultural dynamics, the 24/7 and virtual work worlds, and the general move to leaner and faster moving processes with people needing to embrace “continuous change. ” Some have also wondered whether the underlying humanistic and democratic value system of OD needs to be modified to encourage more pragmatic or business-oriented thinking and action, or that social action values need to be more explicitly added. And, of course, there are all the new OD interventions, or modifications to long standing interventions, that are often the most visible and tangible aspects of any conversation about what is going on in OD; or what is OD; or what is new in OD.
DIAGNOSTICS OF IGNITION SYSTEMS

Ignition systems even in its simplest form, represent electrical system which produce voltage waveforms in a form of pulses in complex shape. For the diagnosis of these systems is necessary to use such diagnostic systems, which allow to record these waveforms for next analysis. In the presented contribution we deal with possibilities of analysis and investigation of waveforms, primary and secondary circuit fully electronic ignition systems.
Tropical secondary forests

ABSTRACT The literature on tropical secondary forests, defined as those resulting from human disturbance (e.g. logged forests and forest fallows), is reviewed to address questions related to their extent, rates of formation, ecological characteristics, values and uses to humans, and potential for management. Secondary forests are extensive in the tropics, accounting for about 40% of the total forest area and their rates of formation are about 9 million ha yr−1. Geographical differences in the extent, rates of formation and types of forest being converted exist. Secondary forests appear to accumulate woody plant species at a relatively rapid rate but the mechanisms involved are complex and no clear pattern emerged. Compared to mature forests, the structure of secondary forest vegetation is simple, although age, climate and soil type are modifying factors. Biomass accumulates rapidly in secondary forests, up to 100 t ha−1 during the first 15 yr or so, but history of disturbance may modify this trend. Like biomass, high rates of litter production are established relatively quickly, up to 12–13 t ha−1 yr−1 by age 12–15 yr. And, in younger secondary forests (< 20 yr), litter production is a higher fraction of the net primary productivity than stemwood biomass production. More organic matter is pro duced and transferred to the soil in younger secondary forests than is stored in above-ground vegetation. The impact of this on soil organic matter is significant and explains why the recovery of organic matter in the soil under secondary forests is relatively fast (50 yr or so). Nutrients are accumulated rapidly in secondary vegetation, and are returned quickly by litterfall and decomposition for uptake by roots. We propose a model of the gains and losses, yields and costs, and benefits and tradeoffs to people from the current land-use changes occurring in the tropics. When the conversion of forest lands to secondary forests and agriculture is too fast or land-use stages are skipped, society loses goods and services. To avoid such a loss, we advocate management of tropical forest lands within a landscape perspective, a possibility in the tropics because land tenures and development projects are often large.
Genetic predisposition to spontaneous preterm birth : approaches to identify susceptibility genes

Approximately 5.5% of all infants are born preterm (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) in Finland. Preterm birth is the cause of several life-threatening neonatal diseases and long-term morbidity. The most important risk factor for preterm birth is intrauterine infection and inflammation. Approximately 70% of preterm births have a spontaneous onset. Evidence suggests that genetic factors are involved in spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), but knowledge about the actual genes conferring genetic predisposition is limited. The major aim of this work was to identify genetic factors that predispose to SPTB. Genomewide linkage analysis was performed to identify genomic regions associating with SPTB in large northern Finnish families recurrently affected by SPTB. Genes near regions with linkage signals were subsequently analyzed in a Finnish case-control population of mothers and infants. Due to their roles in innate immunity, the genes encoding surfactant protein A (SP-A), SP-C, SP-D and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) were also investigated as candidates for SPTB in this population. In addition, expression of SP-C in human and mouse gestational tissues was examined. Linkage signals were detected on chromosome loci 15q26.3, Xq13.1 and Xq21.1 with the phenotype of being born preterm. In subsequent association analyses, the genes encoding the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) located within locus 15q26.3 and the androgen receptor (AR) located near locus Xq13.1 were identified as potential novel fetal SPTB susceptibility genes. These genes did not associate with SPTB in the mothers. An association was found between the Met31Thr polymorphism of the SFTPD gene encoding SP-D and SPTB in the infants. There was no association in the mothers. Polymorphisms of the genes encoding SP-A or MBL did not associate with SPTB. The Thr138Asn polymorphism of the SFTPC gene encoding SP-C did not associate with SPTB. However, this polymorphism associated strongly with the interval between preterm premature rupture of membranes and SPTB in the fetuses. Expression of SP-C was detected in human and mouse fetal membranes and placenta, and in mouse pregnant uterus. Currently, there is no effective method to prevent SPTB. The results of this study may help to clarify some of the biological mechanisms underlying SPTB and finally allow the development of specific treatment strategies for its prevention.
Evaluating the Impact of Systemwide Reform in Education

Recent reforms in K-12 education have increasingly emphasized the educational system as the unit of change. The theory underlying systemic or systemwide educational reform is that powerful improvements in teaching and learning can come from developing coherence and alignment across the complex and different elements and components of an educational system. The growth of systemic reform efforts has led to a rise in attempts to systemically evaluate these initiatives. Systemic evaluations involve several distinct challenges for evaluators including capturing the system as the unit of intervention, assessing the alignment and coherence between components within the system, and identifying reasonable external comparison groups. Using the example of a school district’s systemic reform initiative, the authors examine the challenges and implications of systemic
Dietary specialization and the effects of plant species on potential multitrophic interactions of three species of nymphaline caterpillars

The diet breadth of insect herbivores influences their response to variation in plant quality, and these bitrophic interactions have implications for the higher‐level trophic interactions between herbivores and their natural enemies. In this comparative study, we examined the role of host plant species and plant secondary chemistry on the potential interactions between three species of nymphaline caterpillars and their natural enemies. The caterpillar species (all Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) varied in their degree of specialization: the buckeye, Junonia coenia Hübner, is a specialist on plants that contain iridoid glycosides (IGs); the white peacock, Anartia jatrophae L. , feeds on plants in five families, some of which contain IGs and some of which do not; and the painted lady, Vanessa cardui L. , is a generalist, feeding on plants in at least 15 families. Each species was reared on leaves of an introduced host plant, Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae), which produces two IGs, aucubin and catalpol, and on another plant species that is a common host plant. These alternate host plants were Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) for J. coenia, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (Plantaginaceae) for A. jatrophae, and Malva parviflora L. (Malvaceae) for V. cardui. We examined growth, sequestration, and immune response of these caterpillars on the different host plant species. Junonia coenia developed more rapidly and sequestered higher IG concentrations when reared on P. lanceolata, whereas both other species grew more slowly on P. lanceolata. Host plant did not influence immune response of J. coenia or A. jatrophae, whereas V. cardui immune response was weaker when reared on P. lanceolata. Junonia coenia was most efficient at IG sequestration and A. jatrophae was least efficient, when all three species were reared on P. lanceolata. These results indicate that diet breadth may play an important role in structuring tritrophic interactions, and this role should be further explored.
Composición química y efecto antibacteriano del aceite esencial de Aloysia triphylla (L´Hér.) Britton contra patógenos genito-urinarios

The essential oil of Aloysia triphylla was obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the plant and was analyzed by GC and GC-MS Twenty two components were identified. The main constituents were geranial (27.3%) neral (22.5%), geraniol (6.2%), biciclogermacreno (5.2%) and nerol (4.9%). Evaluation of antibacterial activity by the agar diffusion method with disks against clinical isolates from urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis revealed inhibition of development of all isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella ozaenae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp.), with MIC values of 10-50 mg/ml. This is the first report about the antibacterial activity of this essential oil against genito-urinary pathogens. The low doses observed, suggested it may be used in pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of infections caused by these microorganisms.
Optical and Chemical Characterization of Polyimide in a GEO-like Environment

Groundand space-based optical observations of space objects rely on knowledge about how spacecraft materials interact with light. However, this is not a static property. Each material’s optical fingerprint changes continuously throughout a spacecraft’s orbital lifetime. These changes in optical signature occur because energetic particles break bonds within a material and new bonds subsequently form. The newly formed bonds can be identical to the original bonds or different, resulting in a new material. The chemical bonds comprising the material dictate which wavelengths of light are absorbed. Understanding the processes of material damage and recovery individually will allow development of a predictive model for materials’ optical properties as a function of exposure to the space environment. In order to characterize the properties, we have exposed samples of polyimide to high energy electrons comparable to those found in a geostationary earth orbit in order to simulate damage on orbit. The resultant changes in the material’s optical fingerprint were then characterized in the wavelength range of 0.2 to 25 microns. The chemical modifications to the material that result in these optical changes have also been identified. After initial electron-induced damage, the rate and mechanism of material recovery have been monitored and found to be extremely sensitive to the exposure of the damaged material to air. The implications of that fact and experimental progress toward complete in vacuo characterization will be discussed.
Social explanation in psychiatry

Will Davies Psychiatry is widely viewed by its practitioners as a ‘biopsychosocial’ discipline, a conception that can be traced back to Engel’s influential biopsychosocial model (BPS). In this paper I want to unpack one of BPS’s most distinctive and yet nebulous features: its emphasis on the social aspects of psychiatry. Nobody today could be in doubt as to the explanatory significance of biological and psychological factors in psychiatry – the ‘B’ and ‘P’ in ‘BPS’. In contrast, the ‘S’ in BPS has always been obscure. In what sense is psychiatry a social discipline? What explanatory roles are assigned to social factors by researchers and clinicians in psychiatry? What is the nature of the interaction between social and bio-psycho factors in mental illness? These questions have received little philosophical attention, which is a shame, because the waters aren’t half muddy.
The use of cumulative gas production technique to characterize changes in fermentation characteristics of rumen contents following variable periods of starvation and grazing in dairy cows

The effect of the duration of grazing (experiment 1) and starvation time and placement in the rumen of inert bulk material before grazing (experiment 2), on the rumen content ferment ability, was investigated by means of measuring cumulative gas production. In experiment 1, a comparison was made of four durations of grazing (1, 1·75, 2·50 and 3·25 h) after overnight starvation. Rumen samples taken from the cows after 1 h of grazing had higher values of total accumulated gas with less (P This was in agreement with the observed higher DM intake during grazing and DM rumen pools after grazing in LS cows. For both starvation periods, the presence of inert rumen bulk led to a higher total gas, a shorter half-time and less DM left unfermented. The measurement of fermentation kinetics by cumulative gas production was suitable to detect changes in rumen content fermentation patterns due to the clearance of material from the rumen (effect of starvation) or DM intake during the grazing sessions.
The Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (L)[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae]

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.