Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Networked iterative learning control design for discrete-time systems with stochastic communication delay in input and output channels

ABSTRACT This paper develops two kinds of derivative-type networked iterative learning control (NILC) schemes for repetitive discrete-time systems with stochastic communication delay occurred in input and output channels and modelled as 0-1 Bernoulli-type stochastic variable. In the two schemes, the delayed signal of the current control input is replaced by the synchronous input utilised at the previous iteration, whilst for the delayed signal of the system output the one scheme substitutes it by the synchronous predetermined desired trajectory and the other takes it by the synchronous output at the previous operation, respectively. In virtue of the mathematical expectation, the tracking performance is analysed which exhibits that for both the linear time-invariant and nonlinear affine systems the two kinds of NILCs are convergent under the assumptions that the probabilities of communication delays are adequately constrained and the product of the input–output coupling matrices is full-column rank. Last, two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed NILC schemes.
A 0.7 to 1 GHz switched-LC N-Path LNA resilient to FDD-LTE self-interference at ≥40 MHz offset

This paper proposes a self-interference-resilient LNA for the FDD-LTE covering 0.7 to 1GHz. It incorporates a switched-LC N-path network with gain-boosting and optimum-biasing techniques to enhance the out-of-band (OOB) linearity at ≥40MHz offset. Implemented in 0. 18µm SOI CMOS, the LNA achieves >31.2dB output rejection, +26.2dBm (+8dBm) OOB-IIP3 (iB1dB) at ≥40MHz offset and 6.8dB blocker NF at +4dBm blocker power for the default mode, while consuming a reasonable power of 48.4 to 62.5mW. When reconfigured to high-rejection mode, the LNA offers a tunable cancellation notch improving the output rejection to >50dBc.
Multiple wavelength generation with Brillouin/erbium fiber lasers

Brillouin/erbium fiber lasers, which have recently been demonstrated, operate with a combination of Brillouin gain and gain in erbium-doped fiber. In this letter, we describe techniques for cascading the Brillouin/erbium fiber laser to generate optical combs, and experimentally demonstrate optical comb generation. Internal and external cascading techniques are demonstrated. The line spacing in the combs is approximately 10 GHz, with operation in the 1550-nm region.
Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND Where a person lives is not usually thought of as an independent predictor of his or her health, although physical and social features of places of residence may affect health and health-related behavior. METHODS Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we examined the relation between characteristics of neighborhoods and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Participants were 45 to 64 years of age at base line and were sampled from four study sites in the United States: Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; the northwestern suburbs of Minneapolis; and Washington County, Maryland. As proxies for neighborhoods, we used block groups containing an average of 1000 people, as defined by the U.S. Census. We constructed a summary score for the socioeconomic environment of each neighborhood that included information about wealth and income, education, and occupation. RESULTS During a median of 9.1 years of follow-up, 615 coronary events occurred in 13,009 participants. Residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods (those with lower summary scores) had a higher risk of disease than residents of advantaged neighborhoods, even after we controlled for personal income, education, and occupation. Hazard ratios for coronary events in the most disadvantaged group of neighborhoods as compared with the most advantaged group--adjusted for age, study site, and personal socioeconomic indicators--were 1.7 among whites (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.3) and 1.4 among blacks (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 2.0). Neighborhood and personal socioeconomic indicators contributed independently to the risk of disease. Hazard ratios for coronary heart disease among low-income persons living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods, as compared with high-income persons in the most advantaged neighborhoods were 3.1 among whites (95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 4.8) and 2.5 among blacks (95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 4.5). These associations remained unchanged after adjustment for established risk factors for coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS Even after controlling for personal income, education, and occupation, we found that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with an increased incidence of coronary heart disease.
Human endogenous retroviruses: from infectious elements to human genes

Mammalian genomes contain a heavy load (42% in humans) of retroelements, which are mobile sequences requiring reverse transcription for their replicative transposition. A significant proportion of these elements is of retroviral origin, with thousands of sequences resembling the integrated form of infectious retroviruses, with two LTRs bordering internal regions homologous to the gag, prt, pol, and env genes. These elements, named endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), are most probably the proviral remnants of ancestral germ-line infections by active retroviruses, which have thereafter been transmitted in a Mendelian manner. The complete sequencing of the human genome now allows a comprehensive survey of human ERVs (HERVs), which can be grouped according to sequence homologies into approximately 80 distinct families, each containing a few to several hundred elements. As reviewed here, strong similarities between HERVs and present-day retroviruses can be inferred from phylogenetic analyses on the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of the pol gene or the transmembrane subunit (TM) of the env gene, which disclose interspersion of both classes of elements and suggest a common history and shared ancestors. Similarities are also observed at the functional levels, since despite the fact that most HERVs have accumulated mutations, deletions, and/or truncations, several elements still possess some of the functions of retroviruses, with evidence for viral-like particle formation, and occurrence of envelope proteins allowing cell-cell fusion and even conferring infectivity to pseudotypes. Along this line, a genomewide screening for human retroviral genes with coding capacity has revealed 16 fully coding envelope genes. These genes are transcribed in several healthy tissues including the placenta, three of them at a very high level. Besides their impact in modelling the genome, HERVs thus appear to contain still active genes, which most probably have been subverted by the host for its benefit and should be considered as bona fide human genes. Some of their characteristic features and possible physiological roles, as well as potential pathological effects inherited from their retroviral ancestors are also reviewed.
Active 30 GHz antenna array for digital beamforming and polarization multiplexing

An active 30 GHz transmit antenna array featuring digital beamforming (DBF) and polarization multiplexing is reported. The array elements rely on open substrate-integrated waveguides, as reported previously. The paper discusses the miniaturization and optimization of these radiators. Furthermore, a concept for the integration of the active components is proposed, realized, and tested on a scaled antenna version. Simulation as well as measurement data is presented and discussed.
Diabetes per se and metabolic state influence gene expression in tissue‐dependent manner of BB/OK rats

Several epidemiologic studies have clearly established that long‐term near normoglycaemia strongly protects against onset and progression of late complication of diabetes. Therefore, insulin treatment plays a crucial role in determining the quality of life of affected individuals. Here we studied the effects of exogenous insulin on gene expression levels in well‐ and poorly compensated diabetic subjects in comparison to non‐diabetic BB/OK rats to find out whether diabetes per se and the quality of insulin treatment have an effect on gene expression and whether it is tissue specific.
Upscaling of the Inkjet Printing Process for the Manufacturing of Passive Electronic Devices

This paper demonstrates the manufacturing of inductor coils, capacitors, and rectifying diodes solely using the inkjet printing technology. Industrially relevant printheads from Fujifilm Dimatix were employed to prove the process scalability of the inkjet printing technology by manufacturing hundreds of devices. Organic and inorganic conductors and different organic dielectrics were applied for the manufacturing of electrical devices as well as a p-type organic semiconductor. The manufacturing yield effects of varying printing parameters, such as print resolution (drop spacing) and the size of the printed area on the layer morphology and electrical characteristics, were investigated.
Ribosomal Helices: Formation in Escherichia coli During Acidic Growth

Ribosomal helices are formed in 100% of Escherichia coli cells during extended growth in a medium of low buffering capacity. During this time, the pH of the medium gradually decreases from 7.0 to about 5.0. Transfer of cells into preconditioned or acidified medium does not result in helix formation unless acidification is gradual and during active growth. Concomitant with helix formation is a decrease of all major biosynthetic activities and cessation of cell motility. The larger polyribosomes become converted into an inactive helical form and sediment in sucrose gradients with the wall-membrane complex.
Astrocytes in the nonmyelinated lamina cribrosa of the rat are less polarized than in the optic nerve proper: A freeze‐fracture study

Astrocytes in the lamina cribrosa of the adult rat optic nerve which is devoid of myelination were investigated by means of quantitative freeze‐fracturing. The orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) were found to be less concentrated in the membranes of subpial endfeet when compared to the OAP concentration in endfeet of the optic nerve proper. This result corresponds to that found previously in the myelin deficient rat (Rohlmann et al: Glia 5:259, 1992) suggesting that lack of myelination generally correlates with altered astrocytes. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phonetic Statistics from an Internet Articles Corpus of Polish Language

The statistics of Polish phonemes, biphones and triphones were collected from a large Internet articles corpus. The paper presents summarisation of the data and some phenomena in the statistics including a distribution of frequency of triphones occurring. Triphone statistics play an important role in automatic speech recognition systems. They are used to apply context-dependent speech units. The phonetic alphabet for Polish, SAMPA, and methods of providing phonetic transcriptions are described.
Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway in renal cell carcinoma

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway is involved in driving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-independent tumor angiogenesis, as a compensatory mechanism to escape VEGF-targeted therapies. Therefore, targeting FGF/FGFR axis seems to be a promising strategy in order to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and reduce resistance to VEGF receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This editorial is focused on the role of FGF/FGFR pathway in renal cell carcinoma and on the ongoing trials of emerging agents targeting this axis.
A Survey of Emergency Communication Network Architectures

The recent severe cyclone storm in India named ‘Hudhud’ was considered as the second strongest tropical cyclone of 2014 within the North Indian Ocean. The entire communication network is lost and power lines were disrupted for three north eastern districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It took several days to resume the communication services. This lack of robust network connection has become one of the major topics for any discussion of a Disaster Information Network System. Hence, there is huge demand to establish a robust communication network which never fails during emergency times. In this paper, a survey of emergency communication network architectures has been done in detail. The existing network architectures have got several practical issues which need to be addressed. We also highlight the implementation issues of emergency communication networks which may be considered as scope of this topic.
Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between China's Fictitious Economy and Real Economy

The fictitious economy and real economy constitute a new pattern of economic system in the modern society. The theoretical model about interaction development between fictitious economy and real economy is deduced based on the theory of financial development and economic growth, and empirical analysis on the relationship between China’s fictitious economy and real economy using 2001 to 2008 monthly data is done based on the theoretical model and China’s development situation. The results show that the fictitious economy does not Granger cause real economy, the real economy also does not Granger cause fictitious economy, and there is at most one cointegrating equation between the fictitious economy and real economy. The results indicate that China’s fictitious economy departures from real economy in the short term, but they will have coordinated development in future. Some countermeasures and suggestions are given in order to promote the coordinated development and reduce the degree of departure according to the actual economic development. Keywords-cointegration relationship; departure; fictitious economy; real economy; stock market
Comparison of the Susceptibility of Six Male Broiler Hybrids to Ascites by Using Hematological and Pathological Parameters

This study was conducted to compare susceptibility of six different strains of male broilers to ascites syndrome. In this experiment, 612 one-day-old male broiler chicks from five international hybrids (e.g, Arbor Acres, Cobb 500, Hubbard, Lohmann, and Ross 508) and an Iranian hybrid (Arian) were used. Growth performance, ascites mortality ratio, the ratio of right ventricle to total ventricles weight (RV:TV) in dead and healthy broilers, hematocrit values, serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and T3: T4 ratio were studied to evaluate the susceptibility of the birds. The results showed that there were significant differences among the hybrids in ascites susceptibility. Arian and Hubbard were more susceptible, while, Lohmann was more resistant to ascites than the other hybrids. The results of this study showed that RV:TV ratio and the hematocrit value can be sensitive indicators for differentiating hybrids susceptible to ascites from the resistant ones.
Collaboration for Authentic Preservice Teacher Experiences: Mathematics and English as a Second Language.

This paper describes a collaboration between Mathematics Education and English as a Second Language (ESL) Education programs that presented opportunities for preservice teachers from both programs to work together to address curricular and linguistic gaps that occur for English language learners (ELL) in content area classrooms. By modeling collaboration, facilitating group interactions, and creating authentic field experiences, two faculty members created a space for preservice teachers to practice collaboration and to develop the necessary knowledge, skills, and dispositions to address the educational needs of diverse students. The goals for the students were for them to develop: (1) understanding of their own perspectives and those of the students they teach; (2) observing ELL in mathematics and ESL classes; (3) comparing standards for both programs; (4) identifying gaps in content standards and World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) Can-Do Descriptors (the language ELLs are able to understand and produce in the classroom); (5) planning instruction with support for ELL; (6) working collaboratively to design, implement, and assess the impact of their mathematics lessons for ELL; (7) presenting their projects; and (8) reflecting on their collaborative process in working with a group to complete the project. A graduate student/practicing teacher with several years of teaching experience described a situation she faced in her eighth grade mathematics class. She had developed a statistics lesson involving the use of Skittles. Anna designed the lesson for groups of students to collect and analyze data about the probability of having certain colors in the Skittles the teacher had randomly given each group. During the year, she had been working with students whose English language proficiency was limited. She had attended several in-services focused on developing strategies for working with students learning English, and she had incorporated those strategies into the lesson: she had carefully set up the problem, the Skittles provided manipulatives so the students could concretize the abstract concept, and working in groups allowed them to share strategies for solving the problem. Students seemed engaged in the activity, but Anna noticed four students sitting in the back of the room
Airway and vascular effects of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha in isolated perfused rat lung.

The effects of 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, a recently discovered noncyclooxygenase free radical-catalyzed product of arachidonic acid, on pulmonary vascular and airway tone, its potency, and its mechanism of action were studied. Progressively increasing bolus doses (1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 micrograms) of 8-epi-PGF2 alpha were injected into the pulmonary artery catheter of 18 isolated rat lungs, and a single dose (40.0 micrograms) was injected into 7 additional rat lungs. The lungs were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution containing 3% bovine serum albumin at 50 ml.kg-1.min-1 during ventilation with 21% O2-5% CO2-74% N2. 8-Epi-PGF2 alpha caused rapid pulmonary vascular and airway constrictor responses, which were followed by a gradual return over 10 min to baseline levels. Double vascular occlusion at peak rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) revealed a 28% increase in arterial resistance. The rise in Ppa with 20 micrograms of 8-epi-PGF2 alpha was approximately twofold greater than with 20 micrograms of the cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandin PGF2 alpha. The addition of 100 microM N-nitro-L-arginine, a blocker of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, in the perfusate potentiated the rise in Ppa by 244%. Injection of 40 micrograms of rat atrial natriuretic factor at peak response to 20 micrograms of 8-epi-PGF2 alpha accelerated the return to baseline Ppa, resistance to airflow across the lung, and dynamic lung compliance values. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
INTEGRATING CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC FORESTRY COMPLEX AT ARABARI, WEST BENGAL

SUMMARY In the southern laterite tracts of West Bengal, large areas of sal (Shorea robusta) forests have been made unproductive through overutilization by poverty-stricken villagers. To conserve the forests it was considered essential to develop the neighbouring villages, and in 1972 an experimental project was launched at Arabari with the aim of integrating conservation and development. This paper presents a sociological investigation of the factors determining the forest's potential for rational management. Four factors have largely contributed to project success: taking into account the needs of local people in the planning phase; popular involvement; strong leadership; and a system of controls based on a just and equitable distribution of resources.
Predominance of genetic monogamy by females in a hammerhead shark, Sphyrna tiburo: implications for shark conservation

There is growing interest in the mating systems of sharks and their relatives (Class Chondrichthyes) because these ancient fishes occupy a key position in vertebrate phylogeny and are increasingly in need of conservation due to widespread overexploitation. Based on precious few genetic and field observational studies, current speculation is that polyandrous mating strategies and multiple paternity may be common in sharks as they are in most other vertebrates. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining the genetic mating system of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, using microsatellite DNA profiling of 22 litters (22 mothers, 188 embryos genotyped at four polymorphic loci) obtained from multiple locations along the west coast of Florida. Contrary to expectations based on the ability of female S. tiburo to store sperm, the social nature of this species and the 100% multiple paternity observed in two other coastal shark species, over 81% of sampled bonnethead females produced litters sired by a single male (i.e. genetic monogamy). When multiple paternity occurred in S. tiburo, there was an indication of increased incidence in larger mothers with bigger litters. Our data suggest that sharks may exhibit complex genetic mating systems with a high degree of interspecific variability, and as a result some species may be more susceptible to loss of genetic variation in the face of escalating fishing pressure. Based on these findings, we suggest that knowledge of elasmobranch mating systems should be an important component of conservation and management programmes for these heavily exploited species.
Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Characteristics in Patients With Unilateral Ménière's Disease

Objective: The pathophysiologic concept of Ménière's disease assumes that endolymphatic hydrops is the cause of the symptoms via increased pressure in the endolymphatic space and/or ionic disorder due to ruptured membrane. The goal of this study was to assess whether the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) properties in patients with Ménière's disease were consistent with the classical theory. Material and Methods: We studied 34 patients (19 women, 15 men) presenting with unilateral Ménière's disease divided into 2 groups according to the duration of the disease: 18 were in the early stage (<12 mo), and 16 were in the late stage (≥12 mo). Nineteen patients were examined during an attack. Eight of them and the 15 other patients were tested during the interval between attacks. Their characteristics were compared with those of a group of 22 normal subjects. The VOR function was evaluated via standard caloric and impulse rotatory tests (velocity step). A mathematic model of vestibular function was used to characterize the VOR response to rotational stimulation. Dynamic VOR parameters (sensitivity coefficient, time constant, gain, and asymmetries between the 2 directions of rotation) were statistically compared between the 2 groups of patients during and between attacks and between the patients and controls. Results: All dynamic VOR parameters showed no statistically significant difference both with normal controls and among the patients during and between attacks (p > 0.05) except for gain asymmetry (p ≤ 0.008). During attacks, patients with early Ménière's disease displayed a higher gain in rotation toward the affected ear, the opposite being observed in patients with late disease. Caloric test revealed a moderate canal paresis on the affected side during the crisis and a slight asymmetry between attacks. Conclusion: During attacks in patients with early Ménière's disease, the VOR gain toward the affected side is higher than that toward the intact side, supporting the fact that that the sensitivity of the cupuloendolymphatic system on the affected ear is increased. This observation is in agreement with a mechanical pressure effect of hydrops on the vestibular organs.