Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Codes, models and reality: reductionism vs. holism in a review of microzonation studies in the Umbria-Marche region

In the 10 years since the Umbria-Marche earthquake, several microzonation studies were carried out in the two regions. In the immediate aftermath of the event, the focus was on the epicentral area and toward emergency intervention and reconstruction plans. In the following years, regional and national projects aimed to transfer the lessons learned to other towns. Usually, those two kinds of microzonation studies are referred to as «simplified» and «detailed». The difference is more subtle, and leads to the question of whether a microzonation study can be tackled following a reductionist approach, i.e. leaving different experts taking care of a limited subject (geology, geophysics, seismology, geotechnics, structural engineering). The impression looking back at 10 years of studies is that a holistic approach would be more appropriate to describe a system (structure-soil-bedrock) that is non-linear, inhomogeneous, and presenting feedback among its components. A second problem that emerges is the link with codes and practitioners. During the past 10 years the seismic code has been changed and a new version is on arrival. The last proposed version of the code is based on a parameter (Vs30) that is discussed in the same country where it was first adopted, and introduces a parameter (acclivity) that appears to be a secondor third order problem with respect to others that are completely disregarded (e.g., 2-d site effects). A possible explanation for this mismatch between codes, models and reality is that our knowledge of distribution and amplitude of site effects is biased by selective under-sampling. Being driven by damage, and paying less attention to a uniform distribution of studied sites and situations, we act like a drunk man looking of his lost keys under a street lamp, not because he is sure that he lost them there, but because the light is there.
FLUCTUATIONS OF LITHUANIAN ECONOMY: IDENTIFICATION RULES AND FEATURES

This article is focussed on the problem of economic-statistical calculations and includes an economic-statistical research of economic fluctuations. The author also discusses the rules for statistical identification of economic welfare, economic development features of Lithuania after it became a member of the European Union. The notion of specific economic indicators, their classification issues, and the role and place of economic indicators presenting a systemic view of the country’s economy through identification of economic activities and their development are also discussed. The article deals also with the methodologies based on various statistical methods and offers a methodology for revealing the components of economic fluctuations. A common notion is that the methodologies using analytical time series smoothed with the least squares method for revealing economic fluctuation components are best. The author proposes a methodology for calculating and evaluating the components of economic fluctuations, based on gross domestic product data.
The Influences of Sustainability Report and Corporate Governance Toward Financial and Entity Market Performance with Political Visibility as Moderating Variable

The aim of this research was to identify the effect of corporate governance and sustainability report on the financial performance of entities, and corporate governance and sustainability report on the market entity with political visibility as moderating variable. Sustainability report was measured by a dummy variable by the Corporate Governance Scorecard with Indonesian Institute for Corporate Directorship (IICD). Then, financial performance as measured by profitability ratio (ROA) and Liquidity Ratio (CR), as well as the market performance were measured using Tobin’s Q. Meanwhile, the political visibility was measured by the log of total assets. The analysis of the data used Path Analysis method with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The analysis shows four results by using political visibility as moderating variable. First, the quality of corporate governance affects the financial performance. Second, the quality of corporate governance influences Tobin’s Q. Third, the sustainability report has an effect on the Return on Assets and current ratio. Last, sustainability report also affects Tobin’s Q.
The Effects of TAG and SQ3R Study Skills Methods on the Academic Achievement of Junior High Students.

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on ways to enhance the study skills of students in the middle grades, and describes the use of study guides, textbook activity guides (TAGs), and the Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R) technique of textbook study. Research on the use of the techniques is reported. It is concluded that the proper use of study guides can help students attain independence and combine process and content for successful learning from content area text. Furthermore, significant student achievement may be attained if content area teachers develop instructional study guides to help students become motivated, self-directed, and eager to learn. (RH)
The Influence of Stock Market and Housing Wealth on Consumption Expenditures in Transition Countries

We explore the link between stock market wealth, housing wealth and aggregate consumption for a sample of four European post-transition economies. We use Johansen co-integration, vector error correction models and impulse response functions in order to assess the long run and the short run responsiveness of consumption to permanent changes in both types of wealth. We find evidence that supports the presence of the long run wealth effect in Bulgaria, Croatia, and the Czech Republic. In Bulgaria only stock market wealth effect appears to matter, while in the other two countries both types of wealth effects are effective. Loading factor estimates suggest that in the short run income and consumption adjust most of the discrepancies, while stock market and housing wealth are weakly exogenous.
T-TIP against the wall: feasibility, resistance, and consequences for third countries

The objective of the article is to analyze the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) as a new model of international agreements, the reasons for resistance and the consequences for third countries that are dependent on trade with the United States and the European Union (EU). Special attention is given to the relationship between Brazil and the EU in the context of this new trend of trade partnerships. Using a theoretical approach based on neoliberal institutionalism (KEOHANE, 2005; KEOHANE, NYE, 1989, 2002), the article presents a historical overview of the transatlantic negotiations and a critical analysis of the innovative aspects it brings. Even considering the potential unfeasibility of the T-TIP, it must be understood as part of a new generation of trade and investments (BALDWIN, 2011, 2008). Similar to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, the T-TIP aims to introduce a robust regulatory framework that would affect multilateralism. These “big treaties” include commitments that are not covered by the World Trade Organization and mandates that are not traditionally attributed to international institutions. Therefore, they bring to light new elements in international trends that are yet to be fully understood.
The Effects of Global Shocks on Small Commodity-Exporting Economies: New Evidence from Canada

This paper presents a structural dynamic factor model of a small commodity-exporting economy using Canada as a representative case study. Combining large panel data sets of the global and Canadian economies, we first identify those demand and supply shocks that explain most of the volatility in real commodity prices. Next we quantify their dynamic effects on a wide variety of variables for this economy. We are able to reproduce all the main stylized facts documented in the literature about business cycles in these countries. This includes spending and Dutch disease effects which have proven difficult to find in models where the innovations to commodity prices are not properly identified. Our results are quite robust to different identification schemes of the shocks.
Extending technologies among small-scale farmers in Meru, Kenya: Ingredients for success in farmer groups

Agricultural extension is evolving worldwide, and there is much emphasis today on community-based mechanisms of dissemination in order to bring sustainable change. The goal of this study was to examine the factors that make farmer groups successful in dissemination of information and technologies. A mixed-methods, multiple-stage approach was used to obtain data, using participant observation, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, social mapping, and structured questionnaires. Dairy-goat farmer groups (n = 46) and individual farmers (n = 88) were interviewed. Factors that were associated with group success in dissemination included member participation, degree of jealousy within the group, homogeneity of members, group capacity, number of linkages and type of group (project-supported versus non-supported). Some interventions that may increase the success of groups in dissemination include capacity-building, increasing linkages with other extension stakeholders, providing an enabling environment for groups to form, using established groups (as compared to forming new groups), and encouraging groups to form around common interests rather than for other reasons.
Tekoälyn kokonaiskuva ja osaamiskartoitus

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Ailisto, Heikki; Heikkilä, Eetu; Helasmaa, Heli; Neuvonen, Anssi; Seppälä, Timo
Modelling directional dispersion through hyperspherical log‐splines

Summary. We introduce the directionally dispersed class of multivariate distributions, a generalization of the elliptical class. By allowing dispersion of multivariate random variables to vary with direction it is possible to generate a very wide and flexible class of distributions. Directionally dispersed distributions have a simple form for their density, which extends a spherically symmetric density function by including a function D modelling directional dispersion. Under a mild condition, the class of distributions is shown to preserve both unimodality and moment existence. By adequately defining D, it is possible to generate skewed distributions. Using spline models on hyperspheres, we suggest a very flexible, yet practical, implementation for modelling directional dispersion in any dimension. Finally, we use the new class of distributions in a Bayesian regression set‐up and analyse the distributions of a set of biomedical measurements and a sample of US manufacturing firms.
Iron sources alter the response of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to ocean acidification

The rise in anthropogenic CO2 and the associated ocean acidification (OA) will change trace metal solubility and speciation, potentially altering Southern Ocean (SO) phytoplankton productivity and species composition. As iron (Fe) sources are important determinants of Fe bioavailability, we assessed the effect of Fe-laden dust versus inorganic Fe (FeCl3) enrichment under ambient and high pCO2 levels (390 and 900 μatm) in a naturally Fe-limited SO phytoplankton community. Despite similar Fe chemical speciation and net particulate organic carbon (POC) production rates, CO2-dependent species shifts were controlled by Fe sources. Final phytoplankton communities of both control and dust treatments were dominated by the same species, with an OA-dependent shift from the diatom Pseudo nitzschia prolongatoides towards the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. Addition of FeCl3 resulted in high abundances of Nitzschia lecointei and Chaetoceros neogracilis under ambient and high pCO2, respectively. These findings reveal that both the characterization of the phytoplankton community at the species level and the use of natural Fe sources are essential for a realistic projection of the biological carbon pump in the Fe-limited pelagic SO under OA. As dust deposition represents a more realistic scenario for the Fe-limited pelagic SO under OA, unaffected net POC production and dominance of P. antarctica can potentially weaken the export of carbon and silica in the future.
Distributed Virtual Disk Storage System

Distributed Virtual Disk Storage System (DVDSS) is a reliable and fully decentralized storage system which is based on the concept of Distributed Storage and Virtual Disk. It is Client / Server architecture and utilizes all free space of desktop machines of a LAN for storage purposes. DVDSS converts all storage of computers on the LAN into a large disk, create a virtual disk and provide this disk to all users of the system. Users can store their data files and folders on this disk and they can retrieve their data whenever they need. DVDSS provides a transparent and reliable access to data. It also provides data consistency and data security. The recovery of data when a node fails is also provided by DVDSS. The objective of system is to combine the all storage space of a LAN and utilize it for storage of user's data in transparent and reliable manner. Keywords: Distributed Storage, Virtual Disk, Space Utilization, data recovery, data consistency.
DOĞRUDAN GELİR DESTEĞİNİN TARIMSAL AMAÇLI KULLANIMINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Bu calisma, Kahramanmaras Ili Pazarcik Ilcesinde ciftcilerin devletten almis oldugudogrudan gelir desteginin (DGD) nerelerde harcandigini ortaya cikarmak ve bu destegintarimsal amacli olarak kullanilmasi uzerine etki eden faktorleri belirlemek amaciylayurutulmustur. Arastirmanin verileri tabakali ornekleme yontemiyle belirlenen 112 ciftci ileyuz yuze yapilan anketlerle elde edilmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore, alinan DGDtutarindan bitkisel uretim icin en cok harcama yapilan kalem tohumluk, en az harcamayapilan kalem ise gecici isci ucreti iken hayvansal uretimde bu kalemler sirasiyla yem vetohumlama olmustur. Arastirmada yer verilen 10 sosyo ekonomik ozellikten 5 adeti ve 8haberlesme davranisindan 2 adeti ile yararlanilan DGD'nin cogunlugunun tarimsal amaclikullanimi arasinda pozitif bir baginti bulunmustur
Growth and abundance of Synechococcus sp. in a Mediterranean Bay: seasonality and relationship with temperature

In this study, we confirm the relationship between temperature and Synechococcus sp. experimental growth rates (r = 0.87, p 30%, of the total gross autotrophic production and >20% of the total autotroph~c blomass in summer Thus, Sj~nechococcus is an important source of organic C and nutrients for the coastal Mediterranean food web in the summer.
Acquisition of obligate mutualist symbionts during the larval stage is not beneficial for a coral host

Theory suggests that the direct transmission of beneficial endosymbionts (mutualists) from parents to offspring (vertical transmission) in animal hosts is advantageous and evolutionarily stable, yet many host species instead acquire their symbionts from the environment (horizontal acquisition). An outstanding question in marine biology is why some scleractinian corals do not provision their eggs and larvae with the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates that are necessary for a juvenile's ultimate survival. We tested whether the acquisition of photosynthetic endosymbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) during the planktonic larval stage was advantageous, as is widely assumed, in the ecologically important and threatened Caribbean reef‐building coral Orbicella faveolata. Following larval acquisition, similar changes occurred in host energetic lipid use and gene expression regardless of whether their symbionts were photosynthesizing, suggesting the symbionts did not provide the energetic benefit characteristic of the mutualism in adults. Larvae that acquired photosymbionts isolated from conspecific adults on their natal reef exhibited a reduction in swimming, which may interfere with their ability to find suitable settlement substrate, and also a decrease in survival. Larvae exposed to two cultured algal species did not exhibit differences in survival, but decreased their swimming activity in response to one species. We conclude that acquiring photosymbionts during the larval stage confers no advantages and can in fact be disadvantageous to this coral host. The timing of symbiont acquisition appears to be a critical component of a host's life history strategy and overall reproductive fitness, and this timing itself appears to be under selective pressure.
Computational modelling and scale model validation of airflow patterns in naturally ventilated barns

The application of natural ventilation in livestock farming still requires better understanding. Key issues are the configuration and dimensions of the ventilation openings throughout the barn. In this paper we tested the effect of six different ventilation opening configurations upon indoor air velocities, by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The 2D CFD results were verified with data from scale model experiments in a wind tunnel. Generally, both methods showed good agreement and indicated that larger ventilation openings resulted in lower air velocities near the inlet opening, but higher velocities at the outlet. Comparison with wind tunnel experiments also showed there is still room for improvement in the used CFD models. The obvious limitations of a 2D approach can be part of the explanation. Nevertheless, the main advantage of the computational approach was the ability to visualize the indoor airflows in each of the six geometries. Further research will involve 3D modelling.
Validation of an electronic version of the Self‐Awareness Questionnaire in English and Italian healthy samples

Interoception is a general sensitivity to bodily sensations that informs motivational processes and behaviours. Interoceptive abilities seem to be impaired in several clinical conditions, and the development of new pragmatic instruments to assess subjective components of interoception are crucially needed. An easy to use paper and pencil questionnaire measuring sensitivity to bodily sensations was validated in an Italian sample (Self‐Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ).
Non-Coding RNA in Pancreas and β-Cell Development

In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.
A Review on Efficient Visual Aided Image Search System with Local Spot and Scene Search

: Recently, image categorization has been an active research topic due to the urgent need to retrieve and browse digital images via semantic keywords. As an important and challenging problem in machine learning and computer vision, multilabel classification is typically implemented in a max-margin multilabel learning framework, where the inter-label separability is characterized by the sample-specific classification margins between labels. However, the conventional multilabel classification approaches are usually incapable of effectively exploring the intrinsic inter-label correlations as well as jointly modeling the interactions between inter-label correlations and multilabel classification. To address this issue, we proposed an efficient visual aided image search application on mobile phone combined with local spot and scene search. Mobile visual search became an active filed areas in pass few year. It involves methods from several research areas. Due to the complexity of visual information compared with text or voice signals we develop a joint multilabel classification by using text, image and voice input.
The “Regulatory Compact” and Implicit Contracts: Should Stranded Costs be Recoverable?

Progress toward electricity market deregulation has brought controversy over whether or not utilities are entitled to compensation for "stranded costs", i.e., costs utilities will not be able to recover due to the advent of competition in their markets. This paper uses a legal and economic analysis of contracts to address the desirability of utility cost recovery. First, underlying principles of law are reviewed to determine whether or not there is a legal presumption of recovery. Then, the analysis considers whether or not an implicit "regulatory compact" between utilities and regulators follows from principles in the economic analysis of law, particularly theories of efficient breach and implicit contracts. The paper concludes that recovery should occur in only a proscribed set of circumstances and that, when called for, compensation should be partial, rather than full.
SUCCESSIONAL CHANGES IN CERRADO AND CERRADO/FOREST ECOTONAL VEGETATION IN WESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL, 1962–2000

Surveys over a period of 38 years have shown a rapid successional change in the remaining areas of cerrado vegetation in western Sao Paulo State. Cerradao (the dense, tall, forest form of cerrado (sensu lato)) and cerrado/Atlantic forest ecotonal vegetation have replaced more open forms (such as campo cerrado) during this period. An aerial photographic survey in 1962 showed 75% cerrado (sensu stricto), 16% campo cerrado, and only 9% cerradao, while a survey combining Landsat imaging of 1992 with aerial photography of 1984 gave 69%, 0.6%, and 30.5% respectively for the same physiognomies. Visiting 10% of the sites of the latter survey in 2000 showed that cerradao had become the dominant vegetation of 68% of them. In a particular 180 ha site in Assis municipality, cerradao increased from 12.0 to 41.4% of the area in 22 years. Reduction of anthropic pressures, such as fire and cattle-grazing, is considered responsible for these rapid changes. Conservation issues and research priorities related to these changes are discussed and proposed.