Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Social Enterprises in Building Inclusive Social Capital: Evidences from Multi-Case, Qualitative Field Study

The purpose of this research is to understand how income generating activities of social enterprises build inclusive social capital. Specifically, I explore the impact of structuring decision, i.e. extent of coverage and degree of participatory implementation, of social enterprises on inclusive social capital. The concept of inclusive social capital, i.e. cross-cutting ties among different socio-economic groups, implies a breakdown of unequal social norms and thus provides a deeper understanding of ‘social’ to assess the social impact of social enterprises. Through this concept, I also bridge the gap between the communitarian and the critical approach to social capital. I argue that while the communitarian approach overemphasizes the social benefits of economic programs, the critical approach struggles to explain the transformative potential of development activities. Contrasting cases where social enterprises were able to build inclusive social capital with cases where these efforts were unsuccessful, I show a transformative understanding of Bourdieu’s concept of habitus and extend the scope of the critical perspective on social capital. I used qualitative case study method to explore the research objectives. Four social enterprises that were involved in income generating activities were selected from the central province of India. Findings from this research suggest that social enterprises can build inclusive social capital if they implement their programs at village level and create discursive space to address individual as well as collective needs. Furthermore, this research also demonstrates that social enterprises that implement multiple programs to address the heterogeneity of interests, and have a long-term and deeper engagement with the communities are relatively more successful in building inclusive social capital, compare to those social enterprises that focus on scalability and prioritized financial sustainability over social objectives. Findings from this research make several contributions to the international development and management studies. It provides a conceptual framework to assess the social impact of social enterprises and offers insights in implementing development projects in hierarchical communities. This research supports that the potential of social enterprises in development can only be materialized if income generating activities of social enterprises are supported by the processes, activities, and incentives that are social in nature.
List Decoding of Polar Codes

Channel coding is an important instrument used in communication to correct errors that occur on channels. It is interesting to find the best-suited channel code for different communication systems. Polar codes have been in the spotlight lately for their simple structure and performance when in combination with list decoding and cyclic redundancy check code. Polar codes have a recursive structure that makes them interesting to implement in hardware, and they have lately been chosen as a standard for short code communication in 5G to correct bit errors. However, polar codes by themselves are shown to work poorly for practical block lengths, and it is therefore of interest to research them further. This thesis investigates polar codes with a suggested combination of list decoding and CRC. The combination is shown to improve short polar codes enough to compete with the best-known channel codes today for short block lengths. This thesis investigates why this combination works so well with polar codes. The focus lies on the selection of frozen bits in polar codes, in comparison with the similar Reed-Muller codes, and on the size and bit-placement of the CRCs. All investigations focus on codes with length 128 bits and code rate 0.5. We find that a slightly modified frozen bit selection can result in huge performance changes of polar codes. We also find how the use of a list decoder with a large list size improves Reed-Muller codes such that they challenge polar codes both with and without added CRCs. We study if a long CRC is preferred, or if the code performance can be improved by dividing it into several shorter CRCs spread out over the polar code. Results from different modifications to polar codes are presented and discussed.
A deeper convolutional neural network for denoising low-dose CT images

In recent years, CNN has been gaining attention as a powerful denoising tool after the pioneering work [7], developing 3-layer convolutional neural network (CNN). However, the 3-layer CNN may lose details or contrast after denoising due to its shallow depth. In this study, we propose a deeper, 7-layer CNN for denoising low-dose CT images. We introduced dimension shrinkage and expansion steps to control explosion of the number of parameters, and also applied the batch normalization to alleviate difficulty in optimization. The network was trained and tested with Shepp-Logan phantom images reconstructed by FBP algorithm from projection data generated in a fan-beam geometry. For a training set and a test set, the independently generated uniform noise with different noise levels was added to the projection data. The image quality improvement was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the results show that the proposed CNN effectively reduces the noise without resolution loss compared to BM3D and the 3-layer CNN.
Risk in the Technological Society

This inspiring book becomes one that is very booming. After published, this book can steal the market and book lovers to always run out of this book. And now, we will not let you run out any more to get this book. Why should be risk in the technological society? As a book lover, you must know that enjoying the book to read should be relevant to how you exactly need now. If they are not too much relevance, you can take the way of the inspirations to create for new inspirations.
ONLINE WEB TOOLS: FORMING AN EUROPEAN COMMUNITY OF LEARNING

In an age when the information and communication technology (ICT) is part of our daily lives, education changes to accommodate the growing need of users to interact and engage across geographical distances. This implies both a change of infrastructure to include the new ICT instruments and a change of student teacher relationships as they adapt to the new environment. What online tools to deem most appropriate to use so they convey the desired message is a challenge, partly due to the large offer available, and, partly, due to the lack of familiarity and the hesitance in approaching these tools. This paper is a narrative viewed through the lens of social learning theory of a training course on education web tools with participants from six countries in Europe, sponsored by the Erasmus + Program of the European Union. Its purpose is to present an example of collaborative project aimed at introducing online tools to youth workers. 1 This paper was first presented at the “Investing in Youth for a Sustainable Future” conference held in Skopje, Macedonia, on 4-5 October 2018, by the International Balkan University. EUROPOLITY, vol. 13, no. 1, 2019 82 Continuity and Change in European Governance The five different projects presented at the end, as well as the feedback from the participants, confirm this type of program answers a need of educators to know more about online tools. Furthermore, the incipient stages of building a community were exhibited. This facilitated learning and collaboration, while allowing the participants to create valuable artefacts. Methods: The paper used the researcher’s journal and observations, artefacts created during the exercises, feedback from the students at the end of the training, and reflexive letters from participants and organisers after the group training was completed. All this information was organized into a narrative that showed what happened during the one-week training, with focus on collaborative learning.
Refactoring Workbook

From the Publisher: As a programmer, you need to be able to recognize and improve problematic code, so the program remains in a working state throughout the software lifecycle. Refactoring-the art of improving the design of existing code safely-provides an efficient, reliable system for bringing order to the chaos, and one that keeps the surprises to a minimum! Refactoring can be difficult to learn, but Refactoring Workbook, by consultant William C. Wake, presents the material in a easy-learning format that makes learning enjoyable and effective. For many, the obstacle to learning refactoring is in identifying the "smells"—the potential problem areas-found in code. Instead of having you read about the smells, Refactoring Workbook makes sure you understand them. You'll solve a carefully assembled series of problems, and you'll find yourself learning at a deeper level and arriving at a few insights of your own. Wake uses the workbook method—a learning-focused approach that forces you to apply the techniques presented in the book-in the rest of the book. This approach helps you learn and apply the most important refactoring techniques to your code and, as a side benefit, helps you to think more about creating great code even when you're not refactoring. Refactoring Workbook provides user-friendly references such as: A handy, quick-reference "smell finder" A standard format for describing smells Appendices showing key refactorings A listing of Java™ tools that support refactoring This book is intended for programmers with a knowledge of Java, though a C# or C++ programmer with a basic understanding of Javwould also be able to follow and learn from the examples. It can be used as a companion to Martin Fowler's Refactoring (also from Addison-Wesley Professional), which provides step-by-step instructions for many refactorings.
Contingent reinforcement increases cocaine abstinence during outpatient treatment and 1 year of follow-up

This study assessed whether contingent incentives can be used to reinforce cocaine abstinence in dependent outpatients. Seventy cocaine-dependent outpatients were randomized into 2 conditions. All participants received 24 weeks of treatment and I year of follow-up. The treatment provided to all participants combined counseling based on the community reinforcement approach with incentives in the form of vouchers exchangeable for retail items. In I condition, incentives were delivered contingent on cocaine-free urinalysis results, whereas in the other condition incentives were delivered independent of urinalysis results. Abstinence-contingent incentives significantly increased cocaine abstinence during treatment and I year of follow-up compared with noncontingent incentives.
GFD: An R Package for the Analysis of General Factorial Designs

Factorial designs are widely used tools for modeling statistical experiments in all kinds of disciplines, e.g., biology, psychology, econometrics and medicine. For testing null hypotheses in this framework, ANOVA methods are widely used. However, the corresponding F tests are only valid for normally distributed data with equal variances, two assumptions which are often not met in practice. The R package GFD provides an implementation of the Wald-type statistic (WTS), the ANOVA-type statistic (ATS) and a studentized permutation version of the WTS. Both the WTS and the permuted WTS do not require normally distributed data or variance homogeneity, whereas the ATS assumes normality. All methods are available for general crossed or nested designs and all main and interaction effects can be plotted. Additionally, the package is equipped with an optional graphical user interface to facilitate application for a wide range of users. We illustrate the implemented methods for a range of different designs.
Employment Fluctuations with Downward Wage Rigidity 1

This paper considers a dynamic matching model with imperfectly observable worker effort, combining the matching technology of Mortensen and Pissarides (1994) with the shirking problem of Shapiro and Stiglitz (1984). We characterize the equilibrium and propose a quick algorithm for computing it to arbitrary accuracy. In our economy, the no-shirking condition endogenously imposes real downward wage rigidity on the matching market. This type of wage rigidity implies that inefficient separations occur, as in Ramey and Watson (1997). Nonetheless, our main numerical finding is that imperfectly observable effort smoothes job destruction over the cycle, because firms are forced, in good states, to terminate some marginal jobs which they cannot commit to maintain in bad states. This time-inconsistency problem casts doubt on the importance of inefficient churning (”contractual fragility”) as an explanation of observed employment fluctuation. On the other hand, the no-shirking condition implies that firms’ share of surplus is procyclical, which can amplify fluctuations in job creation. Thus, our model is consistent with recent evidence that job creation is more important than job destruction in driving labor market fluctuations, and it therefore also tends to generate a robust Beveridge curve. However, the overall impact on unemployment and vacancy volatility is ambiguous. JEL classification: C78, E24, E32, J64
El léxico disponible y sus mecanismos de asociación: un análisis con grafos

A typology of association mechanisms underlying the activation of the available lexicon of bogotanian students is presented. The lexicon available under consideration is obtained from 192 surveys, structured in 5 centers of interest (CI): i) The Human Body, ii) Clothing, iii) Food and drinks, iv) Professions and jobs, and v) City. In the analysis of the relationship between the lexical units graphs are used. Also, the type of analysis proposed consists of two broad categories: formallinguistic and semantic-cognitive association mechanisms. In the first case, it is mechanisms that respond to strictly linguistic properties (e.g., morphological and phonetic lexical associations) and in the second, mechanisms that are part of the plane of meaning and of mental representations (e.g., synonyms, opposites, spatial associations, etc.). Sumario 1 Introducción. – 2 Metodología. – 3 Tipología. – 3.1 Mecanismos lingüístico-formales. – 3.1. 1 Composición sintagmática. – 3.1. 2 Derivación. – 3.1. 3 Asociación fonética. – 3.2 Mecanismos semántico-cognitivos. – 3.2. 1 Categorización. – 3.2. 2 Hiperonimia. – 3.2. 3 Sinonimia. – 3.2. 4 Opuestos. – 4. Consideraciones finales
POVERTY IMPACT OF THE FOOD CRISIS ON POVERTY IN CAMBODIA

This paper has examined the impacts of recent food price increases, especially cereal price increases, on Cambodian households. A large percentage of Cambodian households are net food consumers even in rural areas, where 80 percent are net food consumers and 61 percent are net cereal consumers. These households will have lower levels of welfare from increases in food prices. Estimates based on household survey data indicates that, when food prices increase uniformly by 10 percent, the welfare of the average household (as measured by consumption expenditure) falls by 2.3 percent and the national poverty rate rises by 1.4 percentage points. When cereal prices increase (uniformly) by 10 percent, the average household’s welfare increases by 0.67 percent and national poverty rate falls by 0.34 percentage points. Using actual price changes that occurred in 2008, this paper finds that, holding all else constant, those price increases reduced average household welfare by 0.89 percentage points. In addition, those price increases raised the poverty headcount rate by 3.2 percentage points. On the other hand, holding other prices constant, the actual increases in cereal price alone raised average household welfare by 3.7 percent in 2008, and reduced the poverty headcount rate by 0.2 percentage points during the same period. Thus, it is the increases in prices of non-cereal foods that led to major negative impacts on household welfare and poverty in Cambodia. This is the case because most of Cambodians are net consumers of non-cereal foods.
Mitos y cuentos de los indios chiriguano

Durante una expedicion que realice en la primera mitad de 1929 al Chaco boliviano, entre los indios Chiriguano Chane, pude recoger cierto numero de mitos y textos que me propongo publicar en este articulo. No sin cierta dificultad reuni los mitos y los cuentos que transcribo en las paginas siguientes. Si la cultura material de los Chiriguano se ha conservado con sus rasgos esenciales entre las comunidades de esta tribu que viven en las tolderias del Alto Pilcomayo y del valle de Caipipendi, poco queda sin embargo de su religion y de sus tradiciones.
Deployment Strategies for a Fleet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Wireless voice and data communications have become an essential part of our day to day lives. The current infrastructure is mainly consists of cellular towers with gateways to the telecommunication backbone. The wireless infrastructure is doing an adequate job of providing voice and data services, getting more powerful and efficient every day. However, because wireless infrastructure is mainly based on fixed cell towers, it lacks the flexibility and dynamism that may be needed in several scenarios. The emergence of UASs to be used in many applications provides a solution to add dynamism and flexibility to the current wireless infrastructure. In this publication we define an optimization problem where for a given set of UAVs and a given area to provide service for, we answer the question of how to deploy each UAV such that we have maximum possible coverage. The idea of having a population map as an input to our optimization problem and several sub-optimal solutions for the optimization problem are discussed, simulated and compared. We also consider the changes applying the same approaches to large areas and introduce the concept of reconfiguration as an important part of the system.
Memoranda Changing interactions on markets for competing commodities : the case of natural and synthetic rubber prices

Prices on commodity markets are often correlated because they react to similar cycles in the economy. This is especially true for commodities which are inputs into the same products. And even more so for commodities which are considered here as partial substitutes. Prices of such commodities are considered to be highly correlated. This paper investigates the leads and lags in prices for natural rubber (NR) and synthetic rubber (SR). It concludes that prices of NR lead prices of SR by about three to six months, depending on the country concerned. This influence is, however, changing over time, as can be estimated when using the Kalman filter approach for a model with time-varying parameters. The relationships are reducing in significance over time: both positive and negative coefficients tend to zero, implying that both markets are increasingly separated. The influence of demand on the other hand remains quite stable. A notable exception is the EU. The two markets, NR and SR, are increasingly insulated and the consumption side continues to play a steady and significant role.
Twisting algebraically special solutions in five dimensions

We determine the general form of the solutions of the five-dimensional vacuum Einstein equations with cosmological constant for which (i) the Weyl tensor is everywhere type II or more special in the null alignment classification of Coley et al, and (ii) the 3 × 3 matrix encoding the expansion, shear and twist of the aligned null direction has rank 2. The dependence of the solution on two coordinates is determined explicitly, so the Einstein equation reduces to PDEs in the three remaining coordinates, just as for four-dimensional (4d) algebraically special solutions. The solutions fall into several families. One of these consists of warped products of 4d algebraically special solutions. The others are new.
Identifying People with Hearing Issues and Optimizing Communication: A Pharmacist's Point of View

For the average person, hearing loss can be a gradual condition that occurs over time and usually becomes more prevalent as people age. It is estimated that 15% of all American adults have hearing loss ranging from mild to severe [1,2]. The incidence can increase to 50% of the population in people over the age of 75. The primary treatment for hearing loss is hearing aids, but due to the expense, lack of insurance coverage, the stigma created when using them, and the process to obtain hearing aids, only about 1/3 of eligible adults 70 years or older in the United States use them compared to 16% of 20 to 69-year-olds. When patients do not hear well and are undertreated, the impact can be a poor quality of life, less earning potential, increased morbidity, and mortality [3].
Principles for educational game development for young children

Abstract The use of media devices such as tablets is increasing with 41% of children engaged in more than two hours of screen time per day. The number of educational games has also significantly increased but little has been to done to assess the effectiveness and validity. Given the increase in access and use of devices, and increased popularity of educational games, a set of principles is needed. We present guiding principles that are useful for the design and development of educational games for children, under 5 years. We provide evidence from child development research findings that games should: (1) be developmentally appropriate content; (2) integrate the theoretical frameworks from the learning science field; (3) embed learning in socially rich contexts; (4) develop diverse content; and (5) create a balance between play and real-world learning opportunities. We build the principles around a hypothetical educational game designed to facilitate language development.
Shape Memory Polymer Composite Actuator: Modeling Approach for Preliminary Design and Validation

The work at hand focuses on the modeling, prototyping, and experimental functionality test of a smart actuator based on shape memory polymer technology. Particular attention is paid to the specific modeling approach, here conceived as an effective predictive scheme, quick and, at the same time, able to face those nonlinearity aspects, strictly related to the large displacements shape memory polymers usually undergo. Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) may play a critical role for many applications, ranging from self-repairing systems to deployable structures (e.g., solar sails, antennas) and functional subcomponents (e.g., pliers, transporters of small objects). For all these applications, it is very important to have an effective tool that may drive the designers during the preliminary definition of the main parameters of the actuation system. For the present work, a SMPC plate sample has been conceived and realized in view of aerospace applications. An external fibre optic sensor has been then fixed with special adhesive. The temperatures needed for the activation of the Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) and strain storing have been provided by a thermo-gun and complete load–unload cycles, including strain storing, have been performed. Experimental displacements and strains have been used to validate a dedicated predictive theoretical approach, suited for laminates integrated with SMP layers.