Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF AGE AND EMOTIONAL VALENCE IN WORD RECOGNITION: AN EX-GAUSSIAN ANALYSIS

The aim of this work is to evaluate the roles of age and emotional valence in word recognition in terms of ex-Gaussian distribution components. In order to do that, a word recogni- tion task was carried out with two age groups, in which emotional valence was manipulated. Older participants did not present a clear trend for reaction times. The younger participants showed significant statistical differences in negative words for target and distracting conditions. Address- ing the ex-Gaussian τ parameter, often related to attentional demands in the literature, age- related differences in emotional valence seem not to have an effect for negative words. Focusing on emotional valence for each group, the younger participants only showed an effect on negative distracting words. The older participants showed an effect regarding negative and positive target words, and negative distracting words. This suggests that the attentional demand is higher for emotional words, in particular, for the older participants.
COI: A First Step towards TrueType Bytecode Analysis

TrueType fonts are ubiquitous in today’s computing environment. While TrueType is a scalable vector-based font format, optimal scaling requires font hinting for excellent font rendering at typical screen resolutions. TrueType font designers express font hints in a TrueType-specific stack-based bytecode language. Common font manipulations, such as font subsetting and merging, would therefore profit from the ability to analyze TrueType bytecode. Current tools must either omit bytecode, sacrificing readability, or conservatively generate duplicate bytecode, thus creating larger font files with considerable unused bytecode. Our work takes a first step towards TrueType bytecode analysis. We describe the design and implementation of COI, a new three-address intermediate representation for TrueType bytecode. COI greatly simplifies optimization for TrueType bytecode. We have implemented a tool that translates between TrueType bytecode and COI and performs standard static analyses on COI. Our experiments show that COI can enable the removal of unused bytecode, thus reducing font size.
Habitat use and dispersal of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii in ephemeral water bodies of Portugal

We used radio-telemetry to analyze habitat use and dispersal of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii in the extreme environmental conditions of a temporary river in southern Portugal. The rationale of this study was that an understanding of the properties that make this species a successful invader can be of help for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity. The results showed that: (1) crayfish displaced at a similar rate (ranging 2.5–38 m d−1) as other European populations; (2) movement was faster at night; (3) crayfish movement had no clear environmental correlates, except for water temperature; (4) peaks of more intense locomotion were intercalated with longer periods of slow or null speed; and (5) P. clarkii did not excavate burrows in the study habitat, but took refuge under boulders and most often occupied complex microhabitats (e.g., vegetated sections of the river). The conclusion was that, notwithstanding their extreme conditions, ephemeral water bodies in southern Europe are highly susceptible to invasion by P. clarkii.
Mature Tourist Destination: A New Tool to Forecast Internal Composition of Its Demand

Tourism activity and its impact on the development and growth of specific economies are undeniable. Although tourism in its origins was considered as a luxury event only enjoyed by the very few, it now has not only been established as an inalienable right for every human being and recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), but has also found a place in the household budget. The economic analysis of tourism is relatively recent and a review of the literature confirms the imbalance with regard to their different dimensions of tourism economics. Supply in general, specific tourist subsectors and the relationship between the public sector and tourism have received less attention in theoretical and empirical analysis. Demand, expense, forecast and impact multipliers of tourism, however, are areas that continue to be heavily studied. This chapter can now be added to the list of demand studies because it will show how tourist demand forecast can be carried out with a micro focus. This focus is essential in specific tourist destinations.
Nonlinear modulation of ion-acoustic waves in two-electron-temperature plasmas

Abstract The amplitude modulation of ion-acoustic waves is investigated in a plasma consisting of adiabatic warm ions, and two different populations of thermal electrons at different temperatures. The fluid equations are reduced to nonlinear Schrödinger equation by employing a multi-scale perturbation technique. A linear stability analysis for the wave packet amplitude reveals that long wavelengths are always stable, while modulational instability sets in for shorter wavelengths. It is shown that increasing the value of the hot-to-cold electron temperature ratio (μ), for a given value of the hot-to-cold electron density ratio (ν), favors instability. The role of the ion temperature is also discussed. In the limiting case ν = 0 (or ν → ∞), which correspond(s) to an ordinary (single) electron-ion plasma, the results of previous works are recovered.
The growth of compositionally stratified solid above a horizontal boundary

The compositional stratification in solid formed by cooling a binary alloy from below is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that in order to grow composite solid the boundary temperature needs to be below the eutetic temperature. Two separate cases are considered. In the first, heavy fluid is released on solidification. The solid growth is then governed by the diffusive transport of heat and composition. The resultant solid is shown to have a fixed composition until the far-field conditions change. In the second case, light fluid is released on solidification. This generates turbulent compositional convection in the melt which significantly increases the transport of heat and composition across the solid/melt interface. As a result, the fraction of heavy component in the solid initially increases, but subsequently decreases to conserve mass. A simple theoretical model, using the approximation of a flat solid/melt interface is developed; this predicts differences in the thermal flux in saturated and undersaturated melts. Laboratory experiments involving aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate cooled from below which released light fluid displayed compositional convection and stratification of the solid as predicted.
Regulation of planktonic ciliate dynamics and functional composition during spring in Lake Constance

Protozoans are among the most important grazers of phytoplankton and remineralizers of nutrients in marine and freshwater ecosystems, but less is known about the regulation of their pop- ulation dynamics. We analyzed a 12 yr data set of ciliate biomass and species composition in large, deep Lake Constance to understand the factors influencing ciliate spring development. The start of ciliate net growth in spring was closely linked to that of edible algae, chlorophyll a and the vertical mixing intensity, but independent of water temperature. During ciliate spring growth, the relative contribution of ciliated interception feeders was positively related to that of cryptomonads, whereas the relative contribution of filter feeders correlated positively with that of non-cryptomonads. The duration of ciliate dominance in spring was largely controlled by the highly variable onset of the phytoplankton bloom, as the termination of the ciliate bloom was less variable. During years with an extended spring bloom of algae and ciliates, internally forced species shifts were observed in both communities. Interception feeders alternated with filter feeders in their relative importance as did cryptomonads and non-cryptomonads. Extended spring blooms were observed when vertical mixing intensity was low at low temperatures during early spring, which will become less likely under the anticipated climate change scenarios. The termination of the ciliate spring bloom occurred prior to a reduction in food concentration and mostly also prior to the mass development of daphnids alone, but coincided with increased grazing by various predators together, such as rotifers, copepods and daphnids in late May/early June.
The Psychology of Intuitive Forecasts of New Product Utility

When faced with the decision to adopt a product or service innovation consumers often need to forecast the long-run utility it will provide relative to incumbent goods. In this paper we review recent psychological research on the ability of people to forecast their own future preferences and discuss its implications for new product adoption decisions. We identify and review evidence for four distinct ways in which new product valuations may depart from those that would be prescribed by normative economic theory: projection biases, telescoping, emotional myopia, and loss framing. One of the implications of these biases is a predicted tendency for consumers to systematically overvalue and overbuy technology—at least under some conditions. We conclude with a discussion of the opportunities—and risks—these biases pose for managers seeking new ways to encourage consumer adoption of novel products and services. Disciplines Advertising and Promotion Management | Behavioral Economics | Business | Business Administration, Management, and Operations | Business Intelligence | Marketing | Operations and Supply Chain Management | Sales and Merchandising | Technology and Innovation Comments This is an unpublished manuscript. This working paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/marketing_papers/326 The Psychology of Intuitive Forecasts of New Product Utility Robert J. Meyer Shenghui Zhao* *Robert Meyer is the Gayfryd Steinberg Professor of Marketing at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, and Shenghui Zhao is Assistant Professor of Marketing at the School of Business Administration, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124.
Professional Identity or Best Practices?—An Exploration of the Synergies between Professional Learning Communities and Communities of Practices

This paper attempts to find the synergies between Professional Learning Community (PLC) and Community of Practice (CoP), with the view to enhance teacher professionalism. Based on the review of literatures, we highlight the different motivations of PLCs and CoPs, and the value-assumptions informing the two initiatives. We argue that both initiatives serve critical functions in augmenting teacher autonomy. Although conceptually distinctive, the underpinning values of the approaches to organizing teacher professional communities are complementary. Therefore, a two-prong approach is proposed. One seeds teacher professionalism through emergent best practices. The other consolidates these best practices into a coherent teacher professional identity through the introduction of structural affordances.
ROUGH SETS ANALYSIS WITH ANTISYMMETRIC AND INTRANSITIVE ATTRIBUTES: CLASSIFICATION OF BRAZILIAN SOCCER CLUBS

This work aims to develop alternative classifications for teams in a Championship. Data from the 2005 Brazilian National Soccer Championship are analyzed. Rough Sets Theory (RST) is employed in this analysis. By evaluating the quality of the approximation in terms of probabilities of concordance and discordance between the classification by the set of decision attributes and by the set of condition attributes of a randomly chosen pair of objects as discernible or indiscernible, the modification of RST employed allows to consider antisymmetric and intransitive relations. The balance between the numbers of goals scored by the pairs of clubs in direct confrontations is one such relation.
The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Organizational Entrepreneurship (Case Study of Government Agencies in the City of Sanandaj)

In the new economy, intellectual capital has been described as intangible assets which can be used as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Leading organizations are those which create value by relying on intellectual capital. The development of entrepreneurship in today's organizations is one of the main goals of any organization to achieve sustainable growth and development. This experimental study investigated the influence of the three components of intellectual capital; in other words, human capital, structural capital and customer capital on corporate entrepreneurship in the public institutions of the city of Sanandaj. For exploration and development of the questionnaire items, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear structural relations (LISREL) is used. The model's final estimates indicate a positive impact of each component of the intellectual capital on enterprise
Hierarchy of plasticity traits in responses of Quercus aliena to light conditions and water availability

This study aimed to investigate plasticity of different plant traits to varied light and water availability. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with Quercus aliena seedlings with two light and four soil water levels. Plant traits related to leaf physiology, morphology, anatomy, and biomass production were determined. The results showed that plant size had significant effects on leaf area, leaf number, shoot height, basal diameter and crown area. After excluding the influence of plant size, water treatment had stronger effects on plants compared to light levels, and their interaction effect was significant. The limited water supply significantly inhibited leaf photosynthetic rate and the fluorescence efficiency under high light. However, leaves submitted to moderate drought stress showed enhanced fluorescence activity under shade condition. Grand plasticity of leaf physiology and growth was the highest, followed by biomass allocation and leaf morphology, and lastly anatomy, and this ranking did not change as resources considered. Among the variables, leaf petiole length, chlorophyll content and leaf area could be selected as candidates for estimation of species’ plasticity to water, light and their interaction, respectively. Therefore, our results suggested that there was a hierarchy existing among traits plasticity in Q. aliena, and supported the aboveground facilitation hypothesis that shade could alleviate the adverse effect of drought. Additional key words: Above-ground hypothesis, grand plasticity, leaf anatomy, light-water interaction Addresses: N. Xu, R. Wang, P. Lu, W. Guo, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China, e-mail: guo_wh@yahoo.com R. Wang, J. Liu, Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
Non-adiabatic control of quantum energy transfer in ordered and disordered arrays

An elementary excitation in an aggregate of coupled particles generates a collective excited state. We show that the dynamics of these excitations can be controlled by applying a transient external potential which modifies the phase of the quantum states of the individual particles. The method is based on an interplay of adiabatic and sudden time scales in the quantum evolution of the many-body states. We show that specific phase transformations can be used to accelerate or decelerate quantum energy transfer and spatially focus delocalized excitations onto different parts of arrays of quantum particles. We consider possible experimental implementations of the proposed technique and study the effect of disorder due to the presence of impurities on its fidelity. We further show that the proposed technique can allow control of energy transfer in completely disordered systems.
School governing bodies: the experiences of South African educators

The South African Schools Act of 1996 (SASA) mandates the establishment of school governing bodies (SGBs), comprising parents, educators and non-educator members of staff. As parents are required to form the majority on an SGB, they have been placed in a powerful position with authority to influence fundamental issues, such as school budget, school and language policy, discipline, and appointment and promotion of teaching and administrative staff. A survey of educators' experiences and perceptions of the role of SGBs, followed by in-depth interviews with selected principals, was undertaken. Findings suggested that educators do not consider their SGBs to be very effective. They support the role of the SGB in learner discipline, but they have reservations about its role in matters of educator misconduct. The role of the SGB in appointing staff is accepted, although educators feel that school governors should be trained for this and all other functions of the SGB. Many educators are concerned that the principal may dominate the SGB. Results further suggested that a purely legalistic approach to dividing the responsibilities of SGBs may not always be helpful and that the emphasis should rather be placed on the constitutional principles for co-operative governance. South African Journal of Education Vol.24(1) 2004: 49-54
VALIDATION OF THE SAFETY LAGRANGIAN ATMOSPHERIC MODEL (SLAM) AGAINST A WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENT OVER AN INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AREA

Monitoring of the emission of air pollutants, either canalized or fugitive ones, is a key issue for industrials to quantify and reduce their environmental impact. The aim of this work is to present a validation of an atmospheric dispersion modelling and operational tool for the near field of the release, which would enable the monitoring of an industrial area with almost real time calculation. One of the main issues in the modelling of the atmospheric dispersion on industrial areas is to describe the flow around buildings or complex obstacles. Therefore we have developed a new approach (Vendel et al., 2010), based on the use of CFD detailed calculations, which are saved in a database and then coupled with the Safety Lagrangian Atmospheric Model (SLAM), a new real time lagrangian particle dispersion model. This model is able to produce a concentration field in a few minutes of calculation while a full CFD code requires 4-5 hours for the same result. In order to validate the model, SLAM has been compared with a full CFD calculation done with Fluent and with a wind tunnel experiment, performed on a reduced scale model of an oil refinery. Numerical and experimental simulations were done for neutral atmospheric conditions. Two wind directions and two source locations were studied. Steady concentrations were measured along transverse profiles, at different downwind distances, with a Flame Ionisation Detector. The comparisons for the different configurations show that the SLAM model gives satisfactory results, which are in the uncertainty margin of the measurements and which are very close to the results obtained with the FLUENT calculations. In this paper, we present the validation of a new approach (Vendel et al., 2010), based on the use of a database of CFD simulations, coupled with the operational use of a Lagrangian particle model. In the first section, we briefly present the main features of the approach and the SLAM model. In the second part, we describe the numerical and experimental configurations used for comparison. Finally in the last section, we present the results of the comparisons.
STIMULANT DRUG THERAPY AND CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER: AN ETHICAL ISSUE

Many children who experience learning difficulties in school are diagnosed to be suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). In some cases amphetamines are prescribed to correct the disorder. It is assumed that once the child's attention is under control, the child will find it easier to learn. The attentional disorder is believed to stem from a neurochemical imbalance in the brain. Amphetamines are thought to correct the imbalance. The ethical issue of using drugs to correct learning problems is discussed. The efficacy of such a procedure is also debated. Finally, possible reasons to account for the onset of children's attentional problems are posited and a call is made for educators to provide environments that cater to children's unique styles of learning. RESUME Les enfants qui eprouvent des difficultes d'apprentissage a l'ecole souffrent pour la plupart d'entre eux d'une carence d'attention. Dans certains cas, on prescrit des amphetamines pour y remedier. On estime en effet qu'une fois qu'on aura surmonte cette carence d'attention chez l'enfant, on aura du meme coup regle les troubles d'apprentissage. La carence d'attention provient, croit-on, d'un desequilibre neurochimique dans le cerveau. Or, les amphetamines retabliraient l'equilibre. Dans cet article, l'auteur examine l'enjeu moral que constitue l'emploi de produits pharmaceutiques pour venir a bout de problemes d'apprentissage. Il analyse egalement l'efficacite de ce genre de procede. Enfin, il expose les motifs possibles qui declenchent l'apparition des carences d'attention chez les enfants et lance un appel aux educateurs pour qu'ils offrent aux enfants des conditions qui tiennent compte de leurs differents besoins en matiere d'apprentissage.
Geographic Location and Linguistic Diversity: The Use of Intensifiers in Egyptian and Saudi Arabic

Numerous studies have indicated that geographic location plays an essential role in language variation and the emergence of dialects. That is, when speakers of the same group are geographically apart, it is more likely that they use language differently. The unprecedented widespread of communication channels in what is referred to now as the global age, however, has raised many doubts in relation to the connection between space and geographic location on the one hand and language variation on the other hand. In other words, many linguists have come to question the rationality of geographic location in language variation. In the face of this controversial issue, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of geographic location on linguistic diversity in relation to Arabic. The study is limited in scope. It is only concerned with the use of intensifiers in the spoken forms of Egyptian and Saudi spoken Arabic. The rationale is that intensifiers are very frequent in everyday communication and occur naturally without much thinking on the part of speakers. In order to achieve this objective, the study is based on a corpus of selections from the Egyptian radio show Ish Sabahak (Live Your Morning) on Nogoum FM Radio Channel and the Saudi radio show Caffeine on Mix FM. Results indicate clearly that there are linguistic differences between Egyptian and Saudi speakers in the use of intensifiers in terms of frequency, type, and the linguistic structure. This suggests that distance or geographic location is still a considerable factor in linguistic diversity since it is deeply rooted in the cultural evolution of people from different nations.