Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Three-dimensional model analysis of obstructive sleep apnea hyponea syndrome patients with long-term treatment of oral appliances].

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the dental changes of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with long-term treatment of oral appliances, via the method of three-dimensional model analysis. METHODS Using Geomagic Studio 2014 software, we transferred the dental models, which were from 18 OSAHS patients before and after treatment of oral appliances, into three-dimensional models for digital analysis. Datasets obtained from pre- and after treatment were compared for accuracy via paired t test using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS Eighteen patients using oral appliances for 6.57±1.98 years, showed significant differences in some dentition values between pre-treatment and after-treatment. The total dentition changes indicated intrusion of upper premolars, buccalization of upper posterior teeth and mesialization of lower posterior teeth. Statistical analysis demonstrated decrease in upper dental arch length, increase in upper posterior arch width and decrease in upper arch depth and dramatic reduction of overjet in anterior teeth. In the same time, other values evaluated showed no significant change before and after treatment of oral appliances. CONCLUSIONS Long-term wearing oral appliances results in changes in several variables of dental occlusion, which should not be ignored for dentists conducting this treatment plan. However, the side effect of dental occlusion changes is little on a whole, leading to high security in this aspect.
Macroeconomic performance of the Israeli economy in the 21st millennium

Abstract The Israeli economy in the first two decades of the 21st century is an example of an economic transformation that may serve as a role model for addressing many challenges to economic growth. Data from this period have shown significant developments in economic growth over this relatively short period of time and indicate that these advances are attributable to policies targeting inflation, labor force participation and education. While challenges remain—including economic inequality, suboptimal health care and the threat of coronavirus pandemic to global growth—we explore developments evidenced to promote economic growth.
EFFECT OF SOMATIC CELL COUNT ON PASTEURIZED FLUID MILK QUALITY

Bovine mastitis has been described as the most costly disease in the dairy industry, resulting in reduced milk yield, increased cost of milk production, and reduced milk quality (National Mastitis Council, 1996) and is defined as an inflammation of the mammary gland in the response to invading bacteria. Milk SCC is a commonly used indicator of the incidence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows (National Mastitis Council, 1996). Due to the inflammatory response during mastitis, secretion of milk components that are synthesized de novo is reduced and an influx of blood components into the milk occurs (Kitchen, 1981). These blood components include a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, which alter the milk composition through the breakdown of casein and milk fat (Grieve and Kitchen, 1985). The most important of these enzymes is plasmin, a milk protease that degrades casein (Saeman, et al., 1988). The effects of elevated milk SCC on the yield and the overall quality of milk and dairy products include poor coagulating properties and lower cheese yield (Politis and Ng Kwai Hang, 1988b, Barbano, et al., 1991, Klei, et al., 1998), increased loss of fat and casein in whey (Politis and Ng Kwai Hang, 1988a; Barbano, et al., 1991) and reduced sensory quality and shelf-life (Munro, et al., 1984). Recently, it was demonstrated that mastitis adversely affects the quality of pasteurized fluid milk by accelerating the development of sensory defects such as rancidity and bitterness (Ma, et al., 2000). These defects are caused by lipolysis and proteolysis, respectively.
Foraging Behavior of Honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.) and Ground Bumblebees (Bombus Terrestris L.) and its Influence on Seed Yield and Oil Quality of Oil Tree Peony Cultivar ‘Fengdan’ (Paeonia Ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang)

Abstract Oil peony (Paeonia spp.) is a new type of woody oil crop in China with a large cultivation area. Inadequate pollination is one of the main reasons for low seed yield. A pollination net room was built at an oil tree peony base, the numbers of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and ground bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.) were artificially increased and the foraging behaviors and daily activities of the two bees on the plants were observed. Four different pollination methods (honeybee pollination, ground bumblebee pollination, natural field pollination and pollination without insects) were applied. The visit interval, single-flower visit time, number of single-flower visits, number of flowers visited per minute and number of stigma contacts were compared. Meanwhile, the effects of honeybee and bumblebee pollination on the oil yield and quality of peony seeds were compared. There were noticeable differences in daily activity between honeybees and ground bumblebees. Significant differences in the single-flower visit time, visit interval and visit frequency were also observed; honeybee and ground bumblebee pollination increased the seed yield of oil tree peony by 78.74% and 31.88%, respectively. Therefore, both honeybees and ground bumblebees are effective pollinators of oil tree peony. These results provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of bee resources for oil tree peony pollination.
Wheat genetic resources - how to exploit?

It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat ( Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploita - tion of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci) determining the agronomic traits flowering time and grain yield, exploiting a marker-trait-association based technique. Sig - nificant marker-trait associations were obtained and are presented. The intrachromosomal location of many of these associations coincided with those of already identified major genes or quantitative trait loci, but others were detected in regions where no known genes have been located to date.
Bedeutung des ABC-Transporters MRP2/cMOAT/ABCC2 bei der Cisplatinresistenz humaner Tumorzellen

Tumour cells can develop a lot of resistance mechanisms against cytostatic drugs. Examinations of three human tumour cell lines and their cisplatinresistant variants showed an association of elevated MRP2 expression and the occurrance of cisplatinresistance. Moreover, the cisplatinresistant cell lines were crossresistant against carboplatin. To examine further factors in context of cisplatinresistance the mutation status of p53 and the cellular glutathione content of the cell lines were determined. The MRP2-open reading frame of the cisplatinresistant ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780RCIS was used for transfection into the cisplatinsensitive cell line A2780. The transfectants showed an overexpression of MRP2 and a resistance against cisplatin and carboplatin. This could be confirmed with analysis of the cell cycle and apoptosis induction after treatment with cisplatin. Using computer aided folding analysis of MRP2 mRNA parts two possible ribozyme cleavage sites were selected. The constructed anti-MRP2 hammerhead ribozymes RzM1 and RzM2 were tested in a cellfree system with respect to their cleavage activities and were found to be catalytic active. Various kinetic parameters of RzM1 and RzM2 were determined and compared with other ribozymes. The ribozymes showed a good effectivity for the substrate cleavage, although RzM1 had the better effectivity. Both ribozymes were tested for their effectiveness after transfection into the cell line A2780RCIS. The transfectants showed a lower MRP2 expression on mRNA and protein level and also a reduced resistance against cisplatin, carboplatin, daunorubicin, and etoposide. The ribozymes RzM1 and RzM2 were both equally suitable for the regulation of MRP2 expression in tumour cells. Analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis induction could confirm functionally the higher sensitivity of the A2780RCIS-antiMRP2 ribozyme transfectants after treatment with cisplatin in comparison to the cisplatinresistant cell line A2780RCIS. Therefore, the application of the ribozymes RzM1 and RzM2 for the support of cancer chemotherapy seems to be promising.
A Concept for Club Information Systems (CIS) - An Example for Applied Sports Informatics

Abstract In professional sports clubs, the growing number of individual IT-systems increases the need for central information systems. Various solutions from different suppliers lead to a fragmented situation in sports. Therefore, a standardized and independent general concept for a club information systems (CIS) is necessary. Due to the different areas involved, an interdisciplinary approach is required, which can be provided by sports informatics. The purpose of this paper is the development of a general and sports informatics driven concept for a CIS, using methods and models of existing areas, especially business intelligence (BI). Software engineering provides general methods and models. Business intelligence addresses similar problems in industry. Therefore, existing best practice models are examined and adapted for sport. From sports science, especially training systems and information systems in sports are considered. Practical relevance is illustrated by an example of Liverpool FC. Based on these areas, the requirements for a CIS are derived, and an architectural concept with its different components is designed and explained. To better understand the practical challenges, a participatory observation was conducted during years of working in sports clubs. This paper provides a new sports informatics approach to the general design and architecture of a CIS using best practice models from BI. It illustrates the complexity of this interdisciplinary topic and the relevance of a sports informatics approach. This paper is meant as a conceptional starting point and shows the need for further work in this field.
Some observations on phosphorus homoeostasis and requirements of sheep

Summary The results of phosphorus kinetic studies from 149 sheep used in previous studies of calcium and P metabolism have been analysed statistically, to provide information on the mechanism of control of P homoeostasis. Whereas the rate of absorption of dietary P was increased in direct relation to P intake, the efficiency of absorption was decreased. Both the rate and efficiency of absorption, however, were increased in response to increased P demands. These results suggest that P may be absorbed by two processes: a passive one, related to P intake, and an active one, related to P demands. Endogenous loss of P in the faeces was directly related to both P intake and P absorption but inversely related to P demands. Salivary secretion of P was directly related to P absorption and increased at a rate of 1 mg/day/kg body weight for each 1 mg/day/kg body weight increase in absorption. This finding supports the suggestion that the inevitable endogenous faecal loss of P, in animals fed exactly according to their P requirements, is not constant but varies in direct relation to the rate of P absorption, and hence to the P intake needed to supply these requirements. Urinary loss of P was generally low, but high values were found in some animals and were associated with increased rates of P absorption and decreased rates of endogenous faecal loss of P. Possible reasons for these high rates of urinary P are discussed. Increased P demands were met by a combination of an increase in P absorption and a decrease in endogenous faecal loss of P, and P retention was directly related to Ca retention. The relevance of these results to the calculation of P requirements and to the control of P homoeostasis is discussed.
Recasting the dynamic equilibrium model through a functional lens: the interplay of trait‐based community assembly and climate

According to the dynamic equilibrium hypothesis (DEH), plant species richness is locally controlled by productivity and disturbance. Given that regional conditions widely affect local environmental variables such as soil nutrient availability, the DEH predictions could be improved by considering how climate influences local controls of species richness. Further, a trait‐based approach to community assembly has the potential to reveal a deeper, mechanistic understanding of species richness variation across environments. Here, we bring together DEH and trait‐based community assembly expectations to examine whether and how local relationships between diversity, disturbance and productivity are affected by habitat filtering and regional climate. We specifically tested how gradients of local nutrient availability and disturbance intensity interact with climatic conditions to drive the species richness of grassland communities. Further, we recast the DEH through a functional lens by exploring how disturbance–diversity and nutrient availability–diversity relationships are shaped by the functional space occupied by species in a community and species packing within this functional space. The functional space occupied by co‐occurring species and the way they are functionally packed are quantified using multi‐trait indices calculated with five core plant functional traits. Working with grassland communities spread across differing regional climatic conditions, we used mixed models to test whether the variation in taxonomic and functional metrics corresponded to the DEH predictions as well as to determine the relationship between those metrics. Contrary to the expectations based on the relation between species richness and the functional components considered, taxonomic and functional metrics did not vary in accordance along environmental gradients. Climate strongly interacted with the local environment to modulate local diversity patterns, sometimes even inversing a given trend and falsifying the DEH predictions. Synthesis. Our findings quantitatively highlight the interplay between regional and local environmental gradients in driving community assembly. We demonstrate that, depending on climatic conditions, observed patterns of both taxonomic and functional community composition can be opposite to expected productivity–diversity and disturbance–diversity relationships. This emphasizes the relevance of multifaceted studies of biodiversity and the need for a more systematic quantification of regional controls in community assembly studies.
Biologically Active Peptides in Invertebrates: Discovery and Functional Studies

Abstract Animal behaviors and emotions are fine-tuned via signal transmission and communication between cells. The nervous system gives instructions and transmits signals to different parts of an organism to produce coordinated activities. Neurons are core components of the nervous system and they use various chemical messengers to communicate with one another. Neuropeptides (NPs), which are small chains of amino acids, represent the largest class of signaling molecules. Since NPs are directly involved in modulating many physiological processes, such as metabolism, reproduction, learning, memory, and social behaviors–there is a growing interest in studying their structures, functions, and distributions. This book aims to summarize advances in invertebrate NP studies concerning molecular diversities, distributions, and biological functions. In addition, the emerging mass spectrometric techniques have been discussed extensively as a powerful tool enabling accelerated invertebrate NP studies. Table of Conten.
Thermal quality influences habitat selection at multiple spatial scales in milksnakes

ABSTRACT Factors influencing habitat selection may be scale dependent, leading to different selection patterns at different spatial scales. By limiting habitat-selection studies to a single scale, important selection patterns could be missed. Despite this danger, many studies investigate habitat selection at a single scale, often ignoring macro-habitat selection: the selection of a home range within the study area. We investigated macro- and micro-habitat selection in milksnakes. Because of the importance of thermoregulation to ectotherms, we predicted that snakes would select habitats of high thermal quality at both micro- and macro-habitat scales. In 2003–2004, we located 25 individuals 890 times and characterized the habitat in detail at 279 locations used by milksnakes and at 279 paired random locations. Open habitats (fields, rocky outcrops, marshes) and edges have environmental temperatures that deviate less from the preferred body temperature range of milksnakes and offer characteristics that facilitate thermoregulation compared to forest. At the macro- and micro-habitat scales, milksnakes preferred habitats of high thermal quality: they used fields and rocky outcrops more than forests. Milksnakes also preferred edges at both scales. In addition, milksnakes preferred locations with open canopy and many rocks at the micro-habitat scale. These results support the notion that thermal quality influences habitat use in ectotherms and strengthen the idea that habitat-use studies should be conducted at more than one spatial scale to gain a complete understanding of the factors affecting selection.
Improved Semantic Segmentation of Water Bodies and Land in SAR Images Using Generative Adversarial Networks

The availability of computationally efficient and powerful Deep Learning frameworks and high-resolution satellite imagery has created new approach for developing complex applications in the field of remote sensing. The easy access to abundant image data repository made available by different satellites of space agencies such as Copernicus, Landsat, etc. has opened various avenues of research in monitoring the world’s oceans, land, rivers, etc. The challenging research problem in this direction is the accurate identification and subsequent segmentation of surface water in images in the microwave spectrum. In the recent years, deep learning methods for semantic segmentation are the preferred choice given its high accuracy and ease of use. One major bottleneck in semantic segmentation pipelines is the manual annotation of data. This paper proposes Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) on the training data (images and their corresponding labels) to create an enhanced dataset on which the networks can be trained, therefore, reducing human effort of manual labeling. Further, the research also proposes the use of deep-learning approaches such as U-Net and FCN-8 to perform an efficient segmentation of auto annotated, enhanced data of water body and land. The experimental results show that the U-Net model without GAN achieves superior performance on SAR images with pixel accuracy of 0.98 and F1 score of 0.9923. However, when augmented with GANs, the results saw a rise in these metrics with PA of 0.99 and F1 score of 0.9954.
A Century of American Viticulture

It is difficult to categorize the research of the early 1900s because many early papers in the Proceedings encompassed multiple subjects. For example, the first paper on grapes to appear in the Proceedings was contributed by S.A. Beach (1903), one of the founders of ASHS, and the first words of its title were Grape Breeding, but the paper presented correlations of fruit size with seed size and the relationship of seed size to germination rate and seedling vigor (Beach, 1903). T.V. Munson (1905) perhaps is best known for his role in demonstrating that vinifera scions grafted onto North American rootstocks could resist phylloxera. However, he made important contributions to grape breeding and showed that all native North American species were dioecious (Booth, 1911; Munson, 1905). Booth (1911) used this information and other observations to clarify that grape cultivars generally considered to be of native species origin (V. labrusca) such as ‘Catawba and ‘Concord (‘Bull s Concord ) are indeed hybrids, probably owing their trait of perfect flowers to an admixture of V. vinifera parentage. The dominance of ‘Concord in the industry is borne out by the fact that many of the papers published in the first half or more of the 20th century were based on this cultivar.
Dhat

Anxiety about semen loss is a culture-bound syndrome related to beliefs about the relationship of semen to spiritual and physical health. Such beliefs are most prominent on the Indian subcontinent, although they can be found elsewhere. There is an early description of the syndrome by Morris Carstairs, a British psychiatrist who worked in a North Indian village (Carstairs, 1955, 1957). The term &dquo;dhat syndrome&dquo; was introduced by Wig (1960). The name derives
Follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol trajectories from menopausal transition to late postmenopause in indigenous Chinese women

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) trajectories in indigenous Chinese women through the ovarian aging process from 10 years before the final menstrual period (FMP) to 20 years after. Methods A prospective community-based longitudinal cohort study of 362 Chinese middle-aged women with a clearly determined FMP was performed. Results FSH and E2 trajectories were identified according to years from FMP and the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 (STRAW + 10), and further classified by body mass index. E2 decreases relatively steadily from Stage −2 to +1c, while FSH stabilizes quickly from Stage −2 to +1a. Obese women have higher E2 levels and lower FSH levels during menopausal transition, which last for decades after the FMP. There was no obvious decline in FSH levels for at least 20 years after the FMP. Conclusions The FSH and E2 trajectories in this indigenous Chinese cohort appear similar to those discussed in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, with ethnic differences. STRAW + 10 criteria may be used to ascertain the ovarian aging process in Chinese women. Obese women may experience different levels of hormonal fluctuations during the menopause transition, while FSH levels in all women appear to remain high even at late postmenopause.