Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thelytoky and Sex Determination in the Hymenoptera: Mutual Constraints

The Hymenoptera show a high propensity for transitions from arrhenotokous reproduction (diploid females develop from fertilized eggs, haploid males from unfertilized eggs) to thelytokous reproduction (diploid females develop from unfertilized eggs). However, the evolution of thelytoky is frequently constrained by the sex determination system. Under the ancestral system, complementary sex determination (CSD), the constraint results from the production of diploid males by thelytokous females. The magnitude of this constraint depends on the cytological mechanism of thelytoky, determining the rate at which thelytokous lines lose heterozygosity and on whether a single locus or multiple loci are involved in CSD. In this review, it is discussed how diploid male production in the case of CSD or other constraints in the case of alternative sex determination systems may impede transitions to thelytoky, but it is also shown that under particular (and presumably rare) circumstances the production of diploid males will promote rather than hamper the evolution of thelytoky. Furthermore, constraints between the evolution of thelytoky and sex determination may be mutual, because once thelytoky has evolved, it can impact on sex determination. Finally, researchers are encouraged to exploit the frequent occurrence of thelytoky as an opportunity to learn more about the mechanisms of sex determination in the Hymenoptera.
Analysis and design of a ternary FIR filter using sigma delta modulation

We present the analysis and design of a FIR filter with balanced ternary coefficients (i.e., −1, 0, +1) suitable for FPGA implementation. The ternary filter taps were generated using a ΣδM process in MATLAB® and the filter implemented in VHDL. An efficient fast adder structure accumulates the partial multiplication products. Two alternative implementations in 2's complement and redundant binary signed digit representations are compared on a range of commercial FPGA devices for both pipelined and non-pipelined organizations. Using a high performance device, the filter can operate at clock rates of more than 400MHz.
Evaluation d’une grille de supervision des laboratoires des leishmanioses cutanées au Maroc

Introduction Afin d’évaluer une grille de contrôle standardisée de laboratoire de diagnostic des leishmanioses, comme nouveau outil de supervision. Méthodes Un essai pilote a été pratiqué sur sept laboratoires provinciaux, appartenant à quatre provinces au Maroc, en suivant l’évolution de leurs performances tous les deux ans, entre l’année 2006 et 2014. Cette étude détaille la situation des laboratoires provinciaux avant et après la mise en œuvre de la grille de supervision. Au total vingt et une grille sont analysées. Résultats En 2006, les résultats ont montré clairement une insuffisance des performances des laboratoires: besoin en formation (41.6%), personnel pratiquant le prélèvement cutané (25%), pénurie en matériels et réactifs (65%), gestions documentaire et local non conformes (85%). Différentes actions correctives ont été menées par le Laboratoire National de Référence des Leishmanioses (LNRL) durant la période d’étude. En 2014, le LNRL a enregistré une nette amélioration des performances des laboratoires. Les besoins en matière de formation, qualité du prélèvement, dotation en matériels et réactifs ont été comblés et une coordination efficace s’est établie entre le LNRL et les laboratoires provinciaux. Conclusion Ceci montre l'efficacité de la grille comme outil de supervision de grande qualité, et comme pierre angulaire de tout progrès qui doit être obtenu dans les programmes de lutte contre les leishmanioses.
Random telegraph signal noise in tunneling field-effect transistors with S below 60 mV/decade

Single gate oxide defects in strongly scaled Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors with an inverse subthreshold slope well below 60 mV/decade are investigated by Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) noise measurements. The cause for RTS noise are electrons being captured in and released from individual defects in the gate oxide. Under the assumption that elastic tunneling is the underlying capture and emission mechanism, the measured RTS time constants vary with the relative position of the channel Fermi level and the defect energy level while the amplitudes — independent of the capture and release mechanism — follow the inverse of the inverse subthreshold slope.
Quantization ¥ Raw Time Varying Data Octree Encoding I Difference Encoding Display Rendering

Visualization of time-varying volumetric data sets, which may be obtained from numerical simulations or sensing instruments, provides scientists insights into the detailed dynamics of the phenomenon under study. This paper describes a coherent solution based on quantization, coupled with octree and difference encoding for visualizing time-varying volumetric data. Quantization is used to attain voxel-level compression and may have a significant influence on the performance of the subsequent encoding and visualization steps. Octree encoding is used for spatial domain compression, and difference encoding for temporal domain compression. In essence, neighboring voxels may be fused into macro voxels if they have similar values, and subtrees at consecutive time steps may be merged if they are identical. The software rendering process is tailored according to the tree structures and the volume visualization process. With the tree representation, selective rendering may be performed very efficiently. Additionally, the I/O costs are reduced. With these combined savings, a higher level of user interactivity is achieved. We have studied a variety of time-varying volume datasets, performed encoding based on data statistics, and optimized the rendering calculations wherever possible. Preliminary tests on workstations have shown in many cases tremendous reduction by as high as 90% in both storage space and inter-frame delay. Key words, time-varying data, data compression, hierarchical data structures, volume rendering, interactive visualization, distributed computing, scientific visualization Subject classification. Computer Science
Biomarkers intersect with the exposome

The exposome concept promotes use of omic tools for discovering biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of disease in studies of diseased and healthy populations. A two-stage scheme is presented for profiling omic features in serum to discover molecular biomarkers and then for applying these biomarkers in follow-up studies. The initial component, referred to as an exposome-wide-association study (EWAS), employs metabolomics and proteomics to interrogate the serum exposome and, ultimately, to identify, validate and differentiate biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of disease. Follow-up studies employ knowledge-driven designs to explore disease causality, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Cytology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate in pleural effusions

Malignant pleural effusions due to prostatic carcinoma are rare. We examined the cytologic and clinical presentations of 14 malignant pleural effusions caused by prostate cancer. These cases represented 2.3% of all positive pleural effusions at our institution. All patients (n = 10) had high grade, high stage tumors, including three with small cell anaplastic carcinoma. Three cases had clinically documented metastases to pleura, and in two cases, metastases were documented at autopsy. Most tumor cells had large nucleoli and were arranged in small, loosely cohesive groups. Fluids due to the small cell type of prostate carcinoma often contained a mixture of cells similar to those seen in small cell carcinoma of other sites such as the lung, as well as cells resembling the more typical type of prostate cancer. Prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase were positive in less than 50% of these malignant effusions. We conclude that prostatic carcinoma in pleural effusions occurs most commonly in high grade, high stage tumors and has a characteristic cytologic appearance. Negative staining for PSA and PAP does not rule out a prostatic source for malignant cells in effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 1996;15:103–107. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X-band horn antenna with integrated tunable notch filter

Electrically small resonant scatterers have gained enormous popularity in the field of electromagnetics recently due to their pivotal role in metamaterial design. One of the fundamental physical limitations restricting the application of metamaterials is the inherent narrow bandwidth of the resonators. This paper demonstrates the use of these narrowband scatterers to realize an X-band horn antenna with an integrated tunable notch filter capable of filtering over the entire band (8-12 GHz). It is generally known that the relative positions of the scatterers can be used to tune the response of a metamaterial. This knowledge is applied here along with theory that has been developed in recent years to predict the resonant frequency based upon the relative location of the scatterers.
Genetics of Parkinson disease and essential tremor.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Elucidating the genetic background of Parkinson disease and essential tremor is crucial to understand the pathogenesis and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS A number of approaches have been applied including familial and association studies, and studies of gene expression profiles to identify genes involved in susceptibility to Parkinson disease. These studies have nominated a number of candidate Parkinson disease genes and novel loci including Omi/HtrA2, GIGYF2, FGF20, PDXK, EIF4G1 and PARK16. A recent notable finding has been the confirmation for the role of heterozygous mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA) as risk factors for Parkinson disease. Finally, association studies have nominated genetic variation in the leucine-rich repeat and Ig containing 1 gene (LINGO1) as a risk for both Parkinson disease and essential tremor, providing the first genetic evidence of a link between the two conditions. SUMMARY Although undoubtedly genes remain to be identified, considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson disease. This same effort is now required for essential tremor. The use of next-generation high-throughput sequencing and genotyping technologies will help pave the way for future insight leading to advances in diagnosis, prevention and cure.
Ventricular arrhythmias associated with long-term endurance sports: what is the evidence?

Athletic performance tests the limits of the human body and mind. Awe-inspiring achievements is what makes sports so fascinating. It is well appreciated however that top-level sports may sometimes overtax the body, and can lead to injuries, most notably of musculo-skeletal nature. This paper defends the thesis that the heart can also develop sports injuries at the ventricular level. We will elaborate on our hypothesis, originally put forward in 2003, that intense endurance activities put a particularly high strain on the right ventricle (RV), which over time, may lead to a proarrhythmic state resembling right (or less often) left ventricular cardiomyopathy. This can develop even in the absence of underlying demonstrable genetic abnormalities, probably just as a result of excessive RV wall stress during exercise. The syndrome of ‘exercise-induced arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy’ may easily be overlooked. Sports cardiologists, like orthopaedic specialists, should be prepared to realise that excessive sports activity can lead to cardiac sports injuries in some, which will help to council on safe participation in all.
Service forwarding label for network function virtualization and application-centric traffic steering

New services such as network virtualization, service chaining, and application-centric traffic steering bring new opportunities for network providers and service providers. Existing Internet architecture is suffering from the so-called ossification problem, which makes it difficult to support new applications. Software Defined Network (SDN) is becoming a new paradigm for both WAN and enterprise networks. By separating control and data planes, SDN allows network providers to sell new services without changing their physical switches. While SDN is poised to support new services, it is still in development stage. Mechanisms supporting new services are still missing. In this paper, we propose a new application driven mechanism called Service Forwarding Label (SFL) which can be used as a uniform label to differentiate various services and forward packets based on different service requirements. Compared with existing solutions such as VXLAN, our SFL approach introduces less overhead and supports more new services.
In smooth muscle, FK506-binding protein modulates IP3 receptor-evoked Ca2+ release by mTOR and calcineurin

Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by the IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) crucially regulates diverse cell signalling processes from reproduction to apoptosis. Release from the IP3R may be modulated by endogenous proteins associated with the receptor, such as the 12 kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP12), either directly or indirectly by inhibition of the phosphatase calcineurin. Here, we report that, in addition to calcineurin, FKPBs modulate release through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that potentiates Ca2+ release from the IP3R in smooth muscle. The presence of FKBP12 was confirmed in colonic myocytes and co-immunoprecipitated with the IP3R. In aortic smooth muscle, however, although present, FKBP12 did not co-immunoprecipitate with IP3R. In voltage-clamped single colonic myocytes rapamycin, which together with FKBP12 inhibits mTOR (but not calcineurin), decreased the rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) evoked by IP3R activation (by photolysis of caged IP3), without decreasing the SR luminal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]l) as did the mTOR inhibitors RAD001 and LY294002. However, FK506, which with FKBP12 inhibits calcineurin (but not mTOR), potentiated the IP3-evoked [Ca2+]c increase. This potentiation was due to the inhibition of calcineurin; it was mimicked by the phosphatase inhibitors cypermethrin and okadaic acid. The latter two inhibitors also prevented the FK506-evoked increase as did a calcineurin inhibitory peptide (CiP). In aortic smooth muscle, where FKBP12 was not associated with IP3R, the IP3-mediated Ca2+ release was unaffected by FK506 or rapamycin. Together, these results suggest that FKBP12 has little direct effect on IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, even though it is associated with IP3R in colonic myocytes. However, FKBP12 might indirectly modulate Ca2+ release through two effector proteins: (1) mTOR, which potentiates and (2) calcineurin, which inhibits Ca2+ release from IP3R in smooth muscle.
Immunophenotypic analysis reveals heterogeneity and common biologic aspects in monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis

Monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is the presence of small B‐cell clones in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. Most MBL have the characteristic phenotype of chronic lymphocyte leukemia (chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)‐like MBL), and depending on the number of monoclonal B‐cells, may characterize a preclinical stage of the CLL. However, there are also MBL with an atypical (CD5+CD20+/brightCD23dim/−) or a CD5neg phenotype, which remain largely unexplored. We performed an extended immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and hematologic analysis in 75 CLL‐like, 39 atypical, 50 CD5neg, and 7 biphenotypic MBL cases to detect differences or similarities among the MBL subsets. The phenotypic analysis showed expression variations in many surface markers and a wide spectrum of disease‐specific phenotypes within each MBL subtype. Interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis showed a different panel of aberrations according to the phenotype. Overall, del(13q14) and +12 were the most common abnormalities (39%), whereas del(11q13), del(17p13), and del(6q23) were detected only in 3, 1, and 0 cases, respectively. A comparison of MBL with overt chronic lymphoproliferations revealed common aspects in the preclinical state, regarding both the kind of cytogenetic aberrations detected and the lymphocyte composition. Our findings highlight not only the heterogeneity among MBL subsets but also indicate common biologic features which differentiate MBL from clinical disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supercapacitors Energy Storage System for Power Quality Improvement: An Overview

Power quality problem causes a misoperation or failure of end user equipments. Distribution network, sensitive industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from outages and service interruptions which can cost financial losses to both utility and consumers. In India the use of electronic loads is increasing very fast and the gap between demand and the supply have made the reliability and power quality a critical issue. Further there is continuous thrust on optimal utilization of the non-conventional energy sources along with the central power station. In this paper a critical review have been presented chronologically various work to improve quality of power with the help of energy storage device i.e. Supercapacitors energy storage systems for ASD, elevators, UPS, and power distribution system, ride through capability, real power injection and reactive power injection for stabilization of the system.
Prevalence of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and HIV among hepatitis C-seropositive state hospital patients: results from Oregon State Hospital.

BACKGROUND Multiple studies have shown that individuals with severe mental illness are at increased risk for acquiring infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Moreover, patients with chronic HCV infection are at risk for fulminant hepatitis from acquired infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) or HBV, but there are limited data on the prevalence of HIV, HAV, and HBV in chronically hospitalized U.S. psychiatric patients without mental retardation who are HCV-seropositive. To address this issue, a comprehensive screening program was commenced at Oregon State Hospital (Salem, Ore.) beginning in 1999. METHOD The computerized records of all non-geriatric adult inpatients at Oregon State Hospital on April 23, 2001, were reviewed to assess physician compliance with screening and the prevalence of infection with HIV, HAV, HBV, and HCV. RESULTS Among the 535 patient records reviewed, 94.8% of patients were screened for HCV, of whom 20.3% were seropositive. Among HCV-seropositive patients, only 1.9% were not screened for HAV and HBV, but 23.3% were not tested for HIV. In the HCV-seropositive group, 35.9% were HAV-positive, 49.5% HBV-positive, and 2.6% HIV-positive. CONCLUSION Chronic psychiatric inpatients have high HCV prevalence rates. Hepatitis C-seropositive individuals may be at risk for complications unless vaccinated for HAV and HBV.
Host choice, settling and folding leaf behaviors of the larval rice leaf folder under heat stress

Abstract Extreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), in summer. Although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. Therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits of C. medinalis including host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. The results revealed that these behavioral traits were clearly influenced by high temperature. The larvae preferred maize leaves rather than rice and wheat at normal temperature of 27°C, but larvae experienced a higher temperature of 37 or 40°C for 4 h preferred rice leaves rather than maize and wheat. Capacity of young larvae to find host leaves or settle on the upper surface of leaves significantly reduced when they were treated by high temperature. High temperature of 40°C reduced the leaf-folding capacity of the third instar larvae, but no effects were observed on the fourth and fifth instar larvae. Short-term heat acclimation could not improve the capacity of the third instar larvae to make leaf fold under 40°C.
Future carbon storage in harvested wood products from Ontario's Crown forests

This analysis quantifies projected carbon (C) storage in harvested wood products (HWP) from Ontario's Crown forests. The large-scale forest C budget model, FORCARB-ON, was applied to estimate HWP C stock changes using the production approach defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Harvested wood volume was converted to C mass and allocated to four HWP end-use categories: in use, landfill, energy, and emission. The redistribution of C over time among HWP end-use categories was calculated using a product age-based C-distribution matrix. Carbon emis- sions for harvest, transport, and manufacturing, as well as emission reductions from the use of wood in place of other con- struction materials and fossil fuels were not accounted for. Considering the wood harvested from Ontario Crown forests from 1951 to 2000 and the projected harvest from 2001 to 2100, C storage in HWP in use and in landfills is projected to increase by 3.6 ~t. ~ear-' during 2001-2100, with an additional 1.2 ~t. ~ear-' burned for energy. Annual additions of C projected for HWP far outweighs the annual increase of C storage in Ontario's Crown forests managed for harvest, which is projected to increase by 0.1 ~t.year-I during the same period. These projections indicate that regulated harvest in On- tario results in a steadily increasing C sink in HWP and forests. Uncertainties in HWP C estimation are also discussed.
Database systems engineering

Preliminaries. Applications Requirements. Database Design: Data Modeling. Functional Modeling. Behaviour Modeling. Physical Design. Performance Estimation. Database Technology. Access Methods. Rules, Triggers & Stored Procedures. Transactions & Concurrency Control. Reliability. Query Processing. DBMS Models and Architectures: The Relational Model. Object-Oriented and Extended Relational Models. Other Models (Deductive, Active & Real-Time), Parallel & Distributed Data Management Issues.
Laboratory approach for diagnosis of candidiasis through ages

Fungi, once considered non-pathogenic microbiological curiosities have emerged as an important cause of community acquired and health care associated infections (Chakrabarti et al., 2000). Factors like HIV/AIDS, treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs increase the vulnerability to fungal infections (Deorukhkar et al., 2012 a). Among various pathogenic species of fungi, Candida is the most prominent cause of fungal infections (Sullivan et al., 1996). Although a part of normal microbiota, Candida is capable of causing various clinical manifestations ranging from mucocutaneous overgrowth to disseminated infections like candidemia (Eggimann et al., 2003). Only a few decades back, the role of Candida in establishment and progression of infection was considered to be passive, and organic weakness or an immunocompromised status of the host was considered as the vital mechanism responsible for candidiasis (Sardi et al., 2013). Therefore ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) pp. 206-218 http://www.ijcmas. com
Trans-Centromere Effects on Meiotic Recombination in the Zebrafish

We report that lack of crossover along one chromosome arm is associated with high-frequency occurrence of recombination close to the opposing arm's centromere during zebrafish meiotic recombination. Our data indicate that recombination behavior on the two arms of a chromosome is linked. These results inform mapping strategies for telomeric mutants.