Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The occurance, distribution and characteristics of sheep camps on the northern tablelands of New South Wales.

This paper examines the characteristics of sites where sheep camp or rest and explores the circumstances under which water. shelter, open space, rockiness, shade, elevation, aspect and contiguity were important in determining the location of such sites. From one to six camps were distinguished in all paddocks grazed by either Merino or Dorset Horn sheep. Camps were most conspicuous in lightly stocked native and natural pastures. A hierarchy was presented to show relationships among the various types of camp defined. Contiguous camps were a particular feature of small flocks of Merinos grazing small paddocks. In commercial flocks, Merinos mostly camped at or about the highest reasonably open locations with a north-easterly aspect. Water and shelter do not appear to be important in influencing the location of nocturnal sheep camps on the Northern Tablelands.
Using Pre-trained Transformer Deep Learning Models to Identify Named Entities and Syntactic Relations for Clinical Protocol Analysis

Transformer deep learning models, such as BERT, have demonstrated their effectiveness over previous baselines on a broad range of general-domain natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as classiﬁcation, named entity recognition, and question answering (Devlin et al. 2018). They also exhibit enhanced performance in domain-speciﬁc NLP tasks, including BioNLP tasks (Lee et al. 2019; Alsentzer et al. 2019). In this study, we focus on clinical trial protocols: exploring and extracting key terms (a named entity recognition task) as well as their relations (a relation extraction task) from the protocols using transformer pre-trained deep learning models. We compare several model conﬁgurations and report their results. Our NLP model achieves good performance considering the complex and unique nature of the language in real-world protocols, and has been integrated into the organization’s protocol analytics practice. This approach and the extracted information will greatly facilitate trial feasibility analysis for developing new drugs.
Arachidonic acid induces local but not systemic synthesis of salicylic acid and confers systemic resistance in potato plants to Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani

When the lower leaves of young potato plants (cv. Bintje) were treated with an aqueous suspension of the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA), a threefold increase in the amount of free salicylic acid (SA) in the treated leaves was observed 3 h after treatment. The highest level of free SA was measured 6 h after treatment, reaching 3.21 g/g fresh weight compared to 0.15 g/g fresh weight in controls. The levels of conjugated SA in the treated leaves increased up to 51 g/g fresh weight 3 days after treatment compared to 0.83 g/g fresh weight in controls. Four days after treatment with AA the upper leaves became resistant to the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, but no accumulation of SA was observed. This systemic protection was observed in plants treated with AA at concentrations as low as 10 ppm and is unlikely to have arisen from AA translocated in the plant. In addition, treatment with AA protected potato plants against the early blight pathogen, Alternaria solani, indicating a broader spectrum of protection. Local but not systemic accumulation of a pathogenesis-related (PR)1-like protein was observed 24 h after treatment with AA. Application of SA on potato leaves did not confer resistance against P. infestans, but a local accumulation of a PR1-like protein was observed 24 h after treatment. Younger leaves of healthy susceptible and resistant potato plants contained higher levels of SA than older leaves, and this gradient correlated with their natural resistance to P. infestans. In general, cultivars showing field resistance contained higher amounts of conjugated SA than did susceptible cultivars.
Ecological patterns in the benthic macrobiota across the continental shelf off central Chile

Abstract The upper sublittoral benthic macrobiota off central Chile (36° 32'S) was sampled on six cruises during 1984 and 1985, at four fixed benthic stations. The aim of this study was to learn about bathymetric and seasonal patterns ofdistribution and abundance of macrobenthos, including the macroinfauna and the sulfur bacteria Thioploca spp. , and their relationship to oceanographic variables, in particular, dissolved oxygen. Biotic data were analyzed by different approaches and methods, including community attributes, diversity indices, and ordination analyses: principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The relations between environmental variables and the biota were explored by PCA and correlation analyses. Results show significant declines with depth in the number of macrofaunal species, numerical abundance and biomass. Shannon-Wiener diversity differences were not significant however. According to a biomass distribution analysis, prokaryotes appear associated .
Regional dynamics of plants : a review of evidence for remnant, source-sink and metapopulations

Despite a long tradition in plant ecology of studies of patch dynamics, recent developments of models for large scale dynamics in source-sink and metapopulations have largely focused on animals. In contrast to mobile unitary animals, many plants resist extinction. even under conditions where only a part of the life cycle can be maintained. This model of remnant population dynamics adds to the two commonly recognized source-sink and metapopulations dynamics. A review of the literature suggests that all three types of dynamics are common in plants. Regional dynamics are related to life-cycle characteristics determining dispersal ability and longevity of life cycle stages. Short-lived or highly habitat specialized plants with good dispersal tend to build up metapopulations, i.e. systems of local populations and non-occupied but potentially suitable sites, interconnected with dispersal. and in a continuous flux of local colonization and extinction. At the other extreme, long-lived plants with clonal propagation. or plants with extensive seed banks, tend to build up remnant population systems, in which many local populations persist over periods long enough to bridge unfavourable phases of successional development, intervening periods of favourable conditions. Source-sink populations are a special case of metapopulations, in the sense that they comprise both persistent refuge populations and ephemeral populations maintained by dispersal. It is suggested that a concept of local population inertia in remnant population systems, scales to higher level phenomena of vegetation inertia, and to community stabilization (through enhanced recovery after perturbations). Such an inertia may contribute to explain cases of exceptionally high species diversity, and lack of pronounced mass extinctions of plants in the fossil record.
Cordyceps pruinosa produces cordycepin and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine in culture

Cordyceps species are entomophagous pathogens with medicinal properties, mostly linked to cordycepin and N6- (2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA). An isolate of Cordyceps pruinosa (GZUCC 8552) was obtained from a fruiting body formed on the cocoon a Limacodidae insect collected in Guizhou Province, China. Morphological and molecular analysis (combined 5.8S ITS, RPB1 and 18S RNA) confirmed the species to be Cordyceps pruinosa. Metabolites of the isolate grown in liquid static and solid-state media were established by HPLC-MS. Cordycepin (5.311 mg/g) and HEA (0.558 mg/g) were produced by this strain. This is the first record of cordycepin from an isolate of Cordyceps pruinosa. As Cordyceps pruinosa is a good source of cordycepin and HEA, it could be used as an alternative to the over-collected Cordyceps sinensis.
Outbreak of duck viral hepatitis in duckling flocks in Poland - case report

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the aetiologic agent causing deaths in two flocks of Pekin ducklings at the age of 12 d in Poland. on the basis of clinical symptoms and pathological changes, viral hepatitis infection was suspected in the birds. During the necropsy, liver sections were collected, from which total cellular RNA was isolated. Then, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using primers complementary to the pre-S region of the duck hepatitis virus genome. In all liver samples, the presence of a 530 bp PCR product was detected. The RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of genetic material of duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DH type 1) in the examined ducklings.
Genetic expression for monoterpenes in clones of Pinus sylvestris grown on different sites

The terpenic profile for 8 major monoterpenes determined on ten grafted clones of Scots pine grown on three different sites in Sweden. As graft effects could not be detected, oleoresin, samples from primary and secondary grafts were used to study genetic variation. In three quite different environmental conditions, a strong broad sense heritability was demonstrated for 3‐carene, myrcene, limonene and β‐phellandrene. Pinenes and sabinene seem to be much more dependent on environmental factors. Both site and clone × site interaction have a small effect on overall phenotypic variation. There is a strong positive correlation between concentrations of 3‐carene and terpinolene, which supports a possible pleiotropic effect of the same major gene on the two monoterpenes. The results show that there is no risk of an important bias when the comparison is made between genotypes sampled on very different sites (stands or comparative trials). The relative concentration of monoterpenes is to a great extent independent .
Effect of inorganic phosphate on lactate production by Lactobacillus helveticus grown on supplemented whey permeate

For batch culture of lactic acid bacteria, seed cultures have to be highly supplemented with complex substrates to obtain an active inoculum. In contrast, for industrial applications, nitrogen supplementation of the fermenter culture must be kept low to minimize costs. Addition of inorganic phosphate, a low cost component, to the medium increased the lactic acid production rate (40% for media supplemented with 2 g dm−3 yeast extract), but had no effect on growth rate. This effect was absent for high-nitrogen supplemented medium (20 g dm−3 yeast extract), because of the lack of phosphorus limitation. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperature and salinity tolerances of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus.

Interest in the development of aquaculture of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus, has increased markedly over the past 10 yr because of strong market demand and high prices. In Australia, economic conditions will necessitate that a semi-intensive approach be taken, possibly involving managed environmental conditions. Identification of optimal temperature and salinity levels will be necessary, and therefore two experiments were performed to examine these two parameters. Juvenile lobsters were grown in tanks at five temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 C). Growth was significantly affected by temperature (P < 0.01), and maximal growth occurred at 25-31 C. Examination of the temperature effect on molt increment and intermolt period indicated that 27 C was the optimal temperature, at which molt increment was greatest and intermolt period the least. Temperature also had a significant (P < 0.01) positive effect on apparent feed intake (AFI). Juvenile lobsters were also exposed to four different salinities (20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt) over a period of 91 d. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were apparent for both survival and growth. Lowest survival occurred at 35 ppt which may be attributable to higher cannibalism at that salinity. Growth was highest at 35 ppt and progressively less at lower salinities. Although full marine salinity (35 ppt) will generate best performance of P. ornatus, its capacity to tolerate reduced salinity will provide greater opportunity to develop commercial aquaculture.
Oméga 3 et neurotransmission cérébrale

Les acides gras polyinsatures (AGPI) sont des constituants structuraux fondamentaux du systeme nerveux central (SNC) dont la teneur conditionne le fonctionnement des cellules neuronales. Ils sont des acteurs de la communication intercellulaire, notamment a travers les processus de neurotransmission. De nombreuses etudes ont montre chez l’animal que le deficit des membranes cerebrales en omega 3, et plus particulierement en acide docosahexaenoique (22 : 6ω-3 ou DHA) induit par une carence alimentaire specifique en cette famille d’AGPI, s’accompagne de troubles de l’apprentissage. Un support neurochimique a ete avance, impliquant les processus de liberation de neurotransmetteurs, notamment les monoamines et l’acetylcholine. Cette relation entre AGPI ω3 et neurotransmission est d’autant plus interessante qu’elle pourrait etre egalement impliquee chez l’Homme dans l’apparition et\\ou la severite de certains troubles neuropsychiatriques dans lesquels des dysfonctionnements de la neurotransmission sont constates (schizophrenie, depression, hyperactivite chez l’enfant). En effet, de nombreuses etudes revelent un deficit du statut corporel en AGPI omega 3 (20 : 5 et 22 : 6) mais aussi en omega 6, qui peut etre corrige par voie nutritionnelle, permettant alors de reduire significativement certains des symptomes pathologiques. Dans ce contexte, nous developpons au laboratoire des recherches visant a comprendre les mecanismes d’action des omega 3, et en particulier du DHA, dans les membranes nerveuses et l’incidence sur le fonctionnement de ces cellules.
A Novel and Innovative Biochemistry Laboratory: Crystal Growth of Hen Egg White Lysozyme

Protein crystallization is the first and perhaps most important step in solving the structure of a protein via X-ray crystallography. However, very little time, if any, is spent working on this during laboratory experiments in undergraduate biochemistry courses. To remedy this, we developed a semester-long biochemistry laboratory experience that mimics a research setting centered around protein crystallization. Students are given purified lysozyme and a range of initial conditions. It is then their task to refine the crystal growth conditions by thinking critically about the problem. By understanding the theory of protein crystallization, students can manipulate whatever variable they feel will give the best final result. Throughout the semester the students set up numerous trials, learning from their previous results, in an effort to grow good single crystals of lysozyme. After good crystals are obtained, the students are asked to reproduce their results, a task that is required in a research setting. Th.
Pattern in a derived savanna in Nigeria

ABSTRACT All woody growth was enumerated in three transects, each 960 m x 20 m, in derived savanna in the Olokemeji Forest Reserve in south-west Nigeria. The data for species density, species basal area and stem girth classes were analysed by nested-block analysis of variance and covariance. The use of ‘total covariance’, the sum of all covariances at a block size, contributes to understanding of the pattern present. Three scales of pattern were evident. Patchiness at 160–320 m is interpreted as a response to soil differences or to the pattern of previous farming, which may itself have been determined by soil differences. Patchiness at 20–40 m is attributable to varying intensity of burning. At the smallest scale, of 10 m, there is evidence of regularity of distribution resulting from interference between individuals, possibly due to competition for water.
Biologia reprodutiva de Psychotria suterella Muell. Arg. (Rubiaceae) e a abordagem de escalas ecológicas para a fenologia de floração e frutificação

Foraging behavior of pollinators and seed dispersers is related to resource heterogeneity in the environment, making it important to know the spatio-temporal variation of resources in order to understand the mutualistic relationships established between plants and animals. Psychotria suterella flowered from January to April, months with highest annual rainfall, and exhibited high synchronism among the populations in the landscape studied. The flowering pattern found on the category of individuals corresponds to that one found in populations and landscape categories. Fructification occurred all year long, with greater availability of mature fruits in May and December; and synchronism was lower in this phenophase than in flowering. Only intermorph pollinations produced fruits and seeds, indicating that this plant species relies on pollen vectors for sexual reproduction. Since there is no evidence of pollen limitation, we consider that differences in fructification among populations could be related to abiotic factors. The overlap between flowering pattern of Psychotria suterella and Bombus brasiliensis foraging activicty, the fact that B. brasiliensis is the most important pollinator of this plant species, as well as the importance of P. suterella for this bee diet, suggest that selective pressures could be acting between these species, underlying this mutualistic interaction.
Adaptive short-term changes in pit design by antlion larvae (Myrmeleon sp.) in response to different prey conditions

Predators that live in environments with variable prey availability should be capable of modifying their behaviour in order to maximize their consumption rate. Sit-and-wait predators that use passive traps should modify trap architecture depending on the local conditions of prey availability. We quantified the short-term behavioural response of Myrmeleon sp. larvae in their pit-trap design in response to different experimentally modified prey conditions. The larvae (1) increased the diameter of the trap (which should increase prey encounter rates) but not the depth of the trap when prey were absent or scarce and, (2) increased the depth of the trap (which should minimize the probability of prey escape) under high availability of prey that were capable of escaping from the pit trap. Myrmeleon sp. larvae are thus capable of quickly adapting to different types and availability of prey. This behaviour could have been selected as a strategy to survive in poor environments with unpredictable prey availability.
Hybrid Neural Networks Applied to Brazilian Stock Market

The stock market is a stochastic, dynamic environment and is in constant evolution, and its prediction represents a big challenge. Many studies presented in the state of the art are facing this challenge, by making use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a tool to make such prediction. In this paper a comparative study is made with different methods in order to predict the Brazilian stock market through the Bovespa Index. An ANN was developed and its performance was compared against a hybrid model, in which a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed as an alternative to improve the performance of this ANN. The results obtained were an average accuracy of 55.04% and 55.73% respectively, demonstrating that algorithms such as a GA have the capability of improving the performance of ANN for the stock market prediciton.
ANOTHER CANDIDATE IG KAPPA-LIKE GENE IN THE SEA STAR A. RUBENS

In a recent paper we have shown that Ig Kappa genes (region MOPC 63, region K2), of 250 nucleotides each, were present in the sea star Asterias rubens. Two years later, a 697 nucleotide Ig Kappa chain V-V region K2 gene was accentuated.
Mosaik and PADE: Multiagents and Co-simulation for smart grids modeling

This paper describes the integration process between two tools in order to perform co-simulation for representation and analysis of dynamic environments in the context of smart grids. The integrated tools are Mosaik, a software to co-simulation management, and PADE, a software to multi-agent systems development. As a study case for demonstrate the integration, a scenary was utilized composed of a low voltage electricity distribution grid with 37 load bus, 20 photo-voltaic distributed generations, randomly connected to load bus, as well as, 20 PADE agents associated to distributed generation, modeling the behavior of electricity storage systems. The simulation results show the integration happening and demonstrate how useful is to model the dynamics of distributed electric resources with multi-agent systems.
Characterization of Antibacterial Compounds from Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 and Its Growth Inhibition Effect on Food-Borne Pathogens

In this study, Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 harboring antibacterial activity was isolated from meju. The antibacterial activity of Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 was stable in the pH range of 3.0~9.0, but it disappeared after culture at for 24 hr. Antibacterial activity was inactivated by proteinase K, protease, and -chymotrypsin, indicating its proteinaceous nature. The growth inhibitory effects of B. polyfermenticus CJ6 culture on food-borne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were examined in this study. Approximately 6~6.2 log CFU/mL of each pathogen was co-cultured with B. polyfermenticus CJ6 in a 50 mL culture volume for 24 hr. Growth of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was completely inhibited after 3 hr of incubation. Growth of S. Typhi and E. coli O157:H7 was also completely inhibited after 6 hr of incubation. The antibacterial compounds from B. polyfermenticus CJ6 were purified by solid phase extraction (C18 Sep-pak cartridge), recycling preparative HPLC, and analytical HPLC. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis were used to identify the purified antibacterial compounds, which were confirmed to be five peptides (757.4153 Da, 750.3444 Da, 1024.5282 Da, 1123.6083 Da, and 1617.8170 Da).
INCIDENCE OF TOOTH BREAKAGE AMONG LARGE, PREDATORY MAMMALS

Data on the frequency of tooth breakage among nine, large carnivorous mammals suggest that the probability of an individual predator's breaking at least one tooth in its lifetime is greater than 0.25. This figure is similar to published estimates of bone-fracture incidence in primates and viverrid carnivores and indicates that the safety factors of teeth and bone are similar. Given that bones heal and teeth do not, the equivalent rates of fracture are surprising. It suggests that the cost of tooth fracture is slightly less than that of bone fracture. The highest incidences of tooth breakage (0.35, 0.40) were found in the habitual bone eaters (hyenas), and the lowest (0.15-0.24) in the felids and the African wild dog. The gray wolf, a moderately frequent bone eater, was intermediate (0.29). Eating bone appears to increase the risk of accidental fracture because it produces relatively high, unpredictable loads. The most commonly broken teeth are canines, followed by premolars, carnassial molars, and incisor.