Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Sheets, Magnetic Islands, and Associated Particle Acceleration in the Solar Wind as Observed by Ulysses near the Ecliptic Plane

Recent studies of particle acceleration in the heliosphere have revealed a new mechanism that can locally energize particles up to several MeV nucleon–1. Stream–stream interactions, as well as the heliospheric current sheet (CS)—stream interactions, lead to formation of large magnetic cavities, bordered by strong CSs, which in turn produce secondary CSs and dynamical small-scale magnetic islands (SMIs) of ∼0.01 au or less owing to magnetic reconnection. It has been shown that particle acceleration or reacceleration occurs via stochastic magnetic reconnection in dynamical SMIs confined inside magnetic cavities observed at 1 au. The study links the occurrence of CSs and SMIs with characteristics of intermittent turbulence and observations of energetic particles of keV–MeV nucleon–1 energies at ∼5.3 au. We analyze selected samples of different plasmas observed by Ulysses during a widely discussed event, which was characterized by a series of high-speed streams of various origins that interacted beyond Earth’s orbit in 2005 January. The interactions formed complex conglomerates of merged interplanetary coronal mass ejections, stream/corotating interaction regions, and magnetic cavities. We study properties of turbulence and associated structures of various scales. We confirm the importance of intermittent turbulence and magnetic reconnection in modulating solar energetic particle flux and even local particle acceleration. Coherent structures, including CSs and SMIs, play a significant role in the development of secondary stochastic particle acceleration, which changes the observed energetic particle flux time–intensity profiles and increases the final energy level to which energetic particles can be accelerated in the solar wind.
Residual-based CUSUM of squares test for Poisson integer-valued GARCH models

ABSTRACT This study considers the problem of testing for a parameter change in integer-valued time series models in which the conditional density of current observations is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. As a test, we consider the CUSUM of the squares test based on the residuals from INGARCH models and find that the test converges weakly to the supremum of a Brownian bridge. A simulation study demonstrates its superiority to the residual and standardized residual-based CUSUM tests of Kang and Lee [Parameter change test for Poisson autoregressive models. Scand J Statist. 2014;41:1136–1152] and Lee and Lee [CUSUM tests for general nonlinear inter-valued GARCH models: comparison study. Ann Inst Stat Math. 2019;71:1033–1057. ] as well as the CUSUM of squares test based on standardized residuals.
Bayesian methods for time series of count data

Abstract In this paper, we consider Bayesian methods for analyzing time series of count data under a Poisson regression model with a latent auto-regressive process embedded as an additive error term. We propose two different methods; the first method samples the latent variables one by one while the second method samples them jointly. The two methods are compared by simulation studies and an example employing real data. In terms of relative bias and root-mean-squared-errors, the two methods perform almost the same. However, the mixing performance of the first method is better than the second method for most of the simulation scenarios.
The Ridge Path Estimator for Linear Instrumental Variables

This paper presents the asymptotic behavior of a linear instrumental variables (IV) estimator that uses a ridge regression penalty. The regularization tuning parameter is selected empirically by splitting the observed data into training and test samples. Conditional on the tuning parameter, the training sample creates a path from the IV estimator to a prior. The optimal tuning parameter is the value along this path that minimizes the IV objective function for the test sample. The empirically selected regularization tuning parameter becomes an estimated parameter that jointly converges with the parameters of interest. The asymptotic distribution of the tuning parameter is a nonstandard mixture distribution. Monte Carlo simulations show the asymptotic distribution captures the characteristics of the sampling distributions and when this ridge estimator performs better than two-stage least squares.
Observation of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Silicon Nitride Integrated Waveguides

We report the first observation of backward stimulated Brillouin scattering in fully cladded Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> waveguides. The intrinsic Brillouin gain at 25 GHz and the photoelastic constant are estimated to be 4 × 10<sup>−13</sup> m/W and |p<inf>12</inf>| = 0.047 ± 0.004 respectively.
Assessing & Quantifying the Loss of Network Intrusion

Despite the increasing frequency and cost of network security breaches, many organizations still question the need to invest in security technology. This paper utilizes a Bayesian influence diagram in conjunction with a decision tree to quantify the cost of network intrusion. Quantifying this cost permits managers to compare the loss associated with network security breaches with the cost of utilizing appropriate IS security technology. The model developed within is applied to a simple example of a firewall implementation.
An Efficient Conjugate Gradient Method for Convex Constrained Monotone Nonlinear Equations with Applications

This research paper proposes a derivative-free method for solving systems of nonlinearequations with closed and convex constraints, where the functions under consideration are continuousand monotone. Given an initial iterate, the process first generates a specific direction and then employsa line search strategy along the direction to calculate a new iterate. If the new iterate solves theproblem, the process will stop. Otherwise, the projection of the new iterate onto the closed convex set(constraint set) determines the next iterate. In addition, the direction satisfies the sufficient descentcondition and the global convergence of the method is established under suitable assumptions.Finally, some numerical experiments were presented to show the performance of the proposedmethod in solving nonlinear equations and its application in image recovery problems.
Economic modelling for global mental health

Presents clear and practical information about how to conduct mental health trials in low and medium resource countries Brings together the expertise of the world's leading researchers in randomised controlled trials International author team provides a truly global perspective Global mental health is a dynamic field of global health; a core aspect of the story which has led to its emergence has been the conduct of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating innovative delivery systems of packages of care for mental disorders in low-resource settings. Global Mental Health Trials brings together many of the world's leading researchers active in the fields of RCTs in low- and medium-resource countries and settings related to improving mental health care. It presents clear and practical information about how to conduct such trials in these settings, along with critical methodological and ethical issues related to such trials, learning from the positive and negative experiences of expert scientists in many countries worldwide who have completed such trials. This book serves as a valuable resource for practitioners in mental health - psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses nursing, psychologists, social workers, and occupational therapists - as well as researchers in the areas of psycho-social treatments in mental health, mental health services research, and programme and systems evaluation. Readership: Practitioners in mental health: psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses nursing, psychologists, social workers, and occupational therapists, as well as researchers in the areas of psycho-social treatments in mental health, mental health services research, and programme and systems evaluation.
Transparence des algorithmes face à l'Open Data : Quel statut pour les données d'apprentissage ?

Cet article s'interesse aux problematiques liees a l’application d’algorithmes dans les decisions administratives, et plus particulierement aux donnees et methodes utilisees dans ces applications. Le legislateur s’est jusqu’a present focalise sur la transparence de la “decision” qui n’est qu’un certain type de traitement de donnees. Mais rien n’est precise sur les donnees qui vont influencer ces algorithmes, c’est a dire les donnees qui se trouvent en amont de la decision. On fait l’hypothese dans cet article que ce droit a l’explication devrait porter aussi sur les donnees utilisees pour entrainer ces algorithmes. On fera d’abord un rappel de l’evolution des politiques d’Open data, puis on parlera des nouvelles tendances vers l’algorithmisation du droit et de l’administration dans le contexte du gouvernement ouvert et le role joue par les donnees au sein de ces nouveaux processus decisionnels. Enfin, on analysera la difficulte d’assurer une reelle transparence pour de nouveaux types d’algorithmes (e.g. les algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique) qui seront de plus en plus utilises au sein de l’administration. Nous soulignerons notamment la necessite - actuellement encore peu exploree - de garantir non seulement l’acces au code source de ces algorithmes, mais aussi l’acces aux bases de donnees qui les ont entraines, ainsi qu’aux criteres de selection utilises pour construire ces base d’apprentissage.
Modification Research of the Internal Substructure Method for Seismic Wave Input in Deep Underground Structure-Soil Systems

A new internal substructure method for seismic wave input in soil-structure systems was recently proposed. This method simplifies the calculation of equivalent input seismic loads and avoids the participation of artificial boundaries in the process of seismic wave input. However, in previous research and applications, the internal substructures are usually intercepted down from the free surface, which forms large substructures and increases the computational effort for data management on the substructure nodes, especially for deep underground structures. In this study, the internal substructure method is modified by intercepting the internal substructures entirely beneath the free surface and adjacently around the underground structures. Then, the equivalent input seismic loads are obtained through the dynamic analysis of the internal substructures and applied to the corresponding positions of the total soil-structure models. Thus, the earthquake energy can be more efficiently input into the region near the underground structures without losing computational accuracy. We provide the detailed implementation procedures of this modified method and validate its applicability and accuracy through the scattered problems of underground cavities in homogeneous and layered half-space sites.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS DE PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE PELOS ENFERMEIROS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA

O termo “Promocao da Saude” configura-se como um conjunto de estrategias e formas de produzir saude, tanto no âmbito individual como no coletivo, sendo a atencao primaria espaco ideal para desenvolver essa pratica.Nesse contexto, o estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a utilizacao das tecnologias de promocao da saude por enfermeiros da Atencao Primaria em Saude (APS) pertencentes a um municipio do sertao central cearense.Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, com corte transversal. A coleta de dados ocorreu no periodo de agosto a outubro de 2015, sendo analisados por meio de estatistica descritiva e organizados em tabelas e graficos. Esta pesquisa foi submetida ao Comite de Etica em Pesquisa do Centro Universitario Catolica de Quixada.A tecnologia acolhimento foi mencionada como sendo uma estrategia utilizada por (89%), enquanto que a consulta de enfermagem voltada ao atendimento da criancana puericultura foi descrita como uma atividade realizada por todos os profissionais participantes deste estudo (100%). Jaquanto ao preenchimento de instrumentos voltados ao atendimento dos publicos que frequentam a APS pesquisadas, 8 (89%) dos profissionais afirmaram fazer o preenchimento da caderneta da crianca,ao passo que as reunioes com grupos de gestantes foi uma tecnologia citada por 4 (44%) dos enfermeiros entrevistados. Diante desse contexto, as tecnologias sao usadas com frequencia no atendimento aos diversos publicos assistidas, sendo citada por todos os participantes a utilizacao das mesmas no âmbito da APS no atendimento a crianca, mulher e idoso.
Design of compensation network with variable inductance for wide variation of coupling coefficient in inductive power transfer

In this paper, a design of the compensation network with a variable inductor is proposed, considering a wide variation of the coupling coefficient in the inductive power transfer (IPT). The characteristics of the proposed compensation network are analyzed with respect to the variable antenna coupling conditions. The realization of the zero voltage switching (ZVS) and the reactive power demand are discussed through the theoretical deduction and numerical simulation. Influence of the variable inductor on the compensation network characteristics is examined in detail, and the control algorithm for achieving the coupling independent constant output voltage is proposed. Detailed steps to design a prototype fulfilling all performance requirements are given. Verification of the proposed method was carried out on the experimental model. Recorded output voltage variation is within 5% over the wide coupling range, implying a quite well characteristic of the coupling independent voltage output. Experimental results match well with the calculations, validating the rightness of the proposed variable inductor tuning method.
Memoria de trabajo y actividades complejas de la vida diaria en el estadio inicial de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of the working memory (WM) permits analysis of the degree of anterograde amnesia and fixation deficit present in patients with Alzheimer s disease (AD). Complex activities of everyday life (AEL) are also affected early. There is a close relation between the degree of cognitive deterioration and loss of functional competence in AEL. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the degree of memory loss and performance in carrying out complex AEL in patients with AD and mild cognitive disorder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Evaluation of functional disorder, using Pfeffer s functional activity questionnaire (FAQ), and cognitive evaluation, using the WM examination protocol in a group of 36 patients. RESULTS: In the total MT (4.2+/-5.7) there were significant differences between patients with age associated memory impairment (AAMI) (11+/-7) and possible EA (3.2+/-4.6) and between AAMI and probable AD (2.8+/-4.8). The functional evaluation of the AEL (FAQ) gave a mean of 8.5+/-7.1. There were significant differences between probable AD (11+/-8) and possible EA (6+/-4) with the group AAMI 1+/-1.8. There was significant correlation between FAQ and total WM ( 0.70, p= 0.0001). It was found that patients with high FAQ scores had lower total WM scores. CONCLUSION: FAQ and WM have high correlation and are useful instruments for the evaluation of patients with cognitive deterioration at the initial stages.
Real-Space Mapping of the Two-Dimensional Phase Diagrams in Attractive Colloidal Systems

Phase diagrams reflect the possible kinetic routes and guide various applications such as the designed assembly and synthesis of functional materials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been a focus of ongoing research due to their wide applications; therefore, researchers are highly motivated to discover the general principles that control the assembly of such materials. In this study, we map the 2D phase diagrams of shortand long-range attractive colloids at single-particle resolution by video microscopy. Phase boundaries, including (meta)critical or triple points and corresponding real-space configurations, are precisely specified. Profiles of 2D phase diagrams with attractive interactions resemble their 3D counterparts. For short-range systems, by measuring the deepest achievable supercooled states on the phase diagram, a “crater” structure surrounding the metastable fluid-fluid critical point indicates an enhanced nucleation rate within the crater and further suggests a local minimum of the free-energy barrier for crystallization in this area. During a dense fluid-mediated two-step crystallization process, we observe that multiple crystallites could form within a single dense fluid cluster, partly due to its highly amorphous shape. This highly amorphous shape is found for all observed well-developed dense fluid clusters. It is a supplement to the multistep nucleation process. For long-range systems, equilibrium vapor-liquid coexistence is observed, which paves the way for the exploration of critical behaviors. Rigidity percolation of crystallites, and bulk fluid-solid coexistence which provide clear evidence of a possible first-order transition for 2D melting, are observed for both systems. Our experiments reveal the general features of phase behaviors shared by 2D attractive systems including graphene, protein membranes, and adsorbed nanocrystals.
Ruin probabilities for risk processes in a bipartite network

Abstract This article studies risk balancing features in an insurance market by evaluating ruin probabilities for single and multiple components of a multivariate compound Poisson risk process. The dependence of the components of the process is induced by a random bipartite network. In analogy with the non-network scenario, a network ruin parameter is introduced. This random parameter, which depends on the bipartite network, is crucial for the ruin probabilities. Under certain conditions on the network and for light-tailed claim size distributions we obtain Lundberg bounds and, for exponential claim size distributions, exact results for the ruin probabilities. For large sparse networks, the network ruin parameter is approximated by a function of independent Poisson variables.
Ceramics Inspired by String Theory

I describe a series of 30 ceramic works that I made to represent my research in mathematical physics. My research is concerned with ﬁnding the potential between charged particles in a supersymmetric ﬁeld theory. After some introduction to the math and physics involved I outline how the calculation is done and the mathematics required for it. I mostly present it through photographs of those ceramic vessels. The forms of the pots is related to the question studied and they are all decorated with details of the calculations.
A compact Gysel power divider design using U-shaped and T-shaped resonators with harmonics suppression

ABSTRACT In this paper, design process of a new compact microstrip Gysel power divider (GPD) with harmonics elimination is proposed. In the designed GPD structure, two types of resonators are applied to make transmission zeros (TZs). T-shaped resonator makes one TZ at lower frequency and U-shaped resonator makes two TZs at higher frequencies. These three created transmission zeroes by applied resonators result in the good harmonics suppressing in the Gysel divider. The LC-equivalent circuit (LCEC) of the resonators is extracted and the locations of these three transmission zeroes are calculated analytically. The proposed GPD creates three transmission zeros at near 3 GHz, 4.9 GHz, and 9.1 GHz. The proposed Gysel power divider (GPD) with applied resonators reduces the circuit size more than 66% (occupied 34% size) compared with the conventional GPD with λ/4 transmission lines. Moreover, the fractional bandwidth of the proposed divider is 50% and also suppresses up to seventh harmonic.
Dual-Polarized Broadband Base Station Antenna Backed With Dielectric Cavity for 5G Communications

A compact dual-polarized antenna with total dimensions of 31 × 31 × 14 mm3 is proposed for the fifth-generation base stations at 3.5 GHz. The antenna consists of two orthogonal bow-tie dipoles. The bandwidth is enhanced using eight parasitic strips along with the dipole patches, two U-shaped slots around the feeding positions, and dielectric cavity, which brings two resonant frequencies closer to each other. The isolation between the dual polarization is improved by adding two shorting pins symmetrically with respect to the feeding cable. The proposed antenna operates in the range of 3.2–3.9 GHz with S11 ≤−15 dB and has port isolation better than 40 dB. The measured results show good performances in front-to-back ratio, cross-polarization discrimination ratio, and stable radiation patterns. Finally, the proposed antenna is used to construct a 2 × 4 multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a compact size of 101 × 170 × 14 mm3 (1.16 λ0 × 1.96 λ0 × 0.16 λ0). The MIMO antenna is fabricated and tested. Good results are observed.
A Unified Scheme of Stochastic Physics and Bias Correction in an Ensemble Model to Reduce Both Random and Systematic Errors

This study experimented with a unified scheme of stochastic physics and bias correction within a regional ensemble model [Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System–Regional Ensemble Prediction System (GRAPES-REPS)]. It is intended to improve ensemble prediction skill by reducing both random and systematic errors at the same time. Three experiments were performed on top of GRAPES-REPS. The first experiment adds only the stochastic physics. The second experiment adds only the bias correction scheme. The third experiment adds both the stochastic physics and bias correction. The experimental period is one month from 1 to 31 July 2015 over the China domain. Using 850-hPa temperature as an example, the study reveals the following: 1) the stochastic physics can effectively increase the ensemble spread, while the bias correction cannot. Therefore, ensemble averaging of the stochastic physics runs can reduce more random error than the bias correction runs. 2) Bias correction can significantly reduce systematic error, while the stochastic physics cannot. As a result, the bias correction greatly improved the quality of ensemble mean forecasts but the stochastic physics did not. 3) The unified scheme can greatly reduce both random and systematic errors at the same time and performed the best of the three experiments. These results were further confirmed by verification of the ensemble mean, spread, and probabilistic forecasts of many other atmospheric fields for both upper air and the surface, including precipitation. Based on this study, we recommend that operational numerical weather prediction centers adopt this unified scheme approach in ensemble models to achieve the best forecasts.