Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Birds of New Guinea: Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics

Birds of New Guinea: Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics by Bruce M. Beehler and Thane K. Pratt. 2016. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. 668 pp., 14 color plates. $75.00 (hardcover). ISBN 978-0-691-16424-3. For years, I’ve relied heavily on Ernst Mayr’s 1941 List of New Guinea Birds for key information on bird names, authorities, localities, and historical expeditions. Beehler and Finch’s (1985) Species-Checklist of the Birds of New Guinea has also been essential; it updated the New Guinea checklist with names of accepted species and provided the taxonomy for Beehler et al.’s (1986) now classic field guide, Birds of New Guinea. But that was more than 30 years ago, and much work has been done since. Working in Europe and the Americas, it is easy to forget how much our work relies on an authoritative checklist. In the Americas, for example, the North American Classification Committee meets annually to review the latest proposals for name changes and the associated literature. The committee ensures that names are properly formulated and that they reflect the latest understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of birds. The rest of us rarely have to look back more than a couple years for trustworthy information on bird names; usually the latest field guide or Birds of North and Middle America Checklist will provide the appropriate names for your study species. Keeping these checklists is a huge and thankless undertaking, but it is absolutely essential work for everyone from the checklist-minded birder to the professional biologist. Places like New Guinea have no checklist committee. There are no annual meetings to make sure that taxonomy is up-to-date and reflects current systematic thinking. Yet New Guinea hosts a similar number of bird species (~769) as the continental United States, with mind-boggling biogeographic complexity. Additionally, no single country has specimens from across the entire New Guinea region. Collections are scattered from the Netherlands to Paris to Sydney to Tring to New York and beyond, and many specimens were collected over a century ago. Even today, many phylogenetic studies are not constructed primarily to test New Guinea hypotheses, but they may contain key New Guinea representatives that shed new light on avian evolution on this dense island. So New Guinea bird taxonomy has been in desperate need of an overhaul. Birds of New Guinea: Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics represents an unbelievable scholarly advancement. This is not a mere checklist with summaries of work done to date. The authors have wrestled with the validity of every taxon for which there are new data post-1941 (virtually every species! ), critically evaluating the evidence supporting each taxon down to subspecies, summarizing and documenting the known distribution, considering the characters (morphological, genetic, and behavioral) that
Sistem Skoring Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score untuk Evaluasi Kasus Stroke Iskemik

Sistem skoring Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) merupakan alat skoring semi – kuantitatif sederhana untuk mengevaluasi gambaran iskemi akut pada CT scan non kontras atau MRI. Pada awal publikasinya, sistem skoring ini dianggap dapat memprediksi outcome fungsional dan kejadian transformasi perdarahan pada pasien yang menjalani trombolisis intravena dengan alteplase. Namun rekomendasi terbaru tidak lagi merekomendasikannya. Data efektivitas trombektomi mekanik pada populasi dengan nilai ASPECTS ≤ 5 belum cukup. Tulisan ini membahas cara menilai, kegunaan serta implikasi sistem skoring ASPECTS terhadap tatalaksana pasien dengan stroke iskemi akutAlberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a simple semi-quantitative scoring system to evaluate the noncontrast CT Scan or MRI imaging of acute ischemic lesion. Originally, the scoring system was considered able to predict the functional outcome and hemorrhagic transformation in patient undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. However, the latest guideline does not recommend ASPECTS to determine the eligibility of patient undergoing alteplase therapy. Data regarding the efficacy of MT in patient with ASPECTS ≤ 5 is scarce and is still a subject of debate. This article will discuss the evaluation and the implication of ASPECTS scoring system in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochra-toxin A in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) from Tunisia

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain mold species. In this primarily survey, we examined the OTA and AFB1 contamination of pearl millet grains distributed in Tunisia. Methods: Twenty-five pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) samples from different regions of Tunisia were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector in order to evaluate the contamination with of AFB1 and OTA. Statistical tests were performed with XLSTAT 2018. Results: AFB1 and OTA were detected in 32 and 28% millet samples, respectively. Mean amounts of these mycotoxins in the contaminated samples were of 24.54±17.54 µg/kg for OTA and 22.72±23.09 µg/kg for AFB1. Approximately, 28 and 24% of analyzed samples were found above the European Union limits for AFB1 and OTA, respectively. The estimated daily intake of OTA and AFB1 were 3.76 and 3.89 ng/kg b.w. per day, respectively. No significantly (p>0.05) difference in OTA and AFB1 contamination rate was found between samples taken from different regions. Conclusion: Consumption of millet in Tunisia might be an important contributing factor to the risk of dietary exposure to OTA and AFB1
In Silico Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) in Human RAG 1&RAG2 Genes of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency from Functional Analysis to Polymorphisms in microRNA

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inherited Primary immunodeficiency PID, which is characterized by the absence or dysfunction of T lymphocytes. Defects in RAG1 and RAG2 are known to cause a T-B-NK+ form of SCID. Recombinase activating genes RAG1 and RAG2 (OMIM 179615,179616 respectively) are expressed exclusively in lymphocytes and mediate the creation of double-strand. DNA breaks at the sites of recombination and in signal sequences during T− and B− cell receptor gene rearrangement. This study was focused on the effect of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the function and structure of RAG1& RAG2 genes using in silico analysis. Only nsSNPs and 3'UTR SNPs were selected for computational analysis. Predictions of deleterious nsSNPs were performed by bioinformatics software. Five damaging nsSNPs (rs112047157, rs61758790, rs4151032, rs61752933, rs75591129) were predicted in RAG1 and two damaging nsSNPs (rs112927992, rs17852002) in RAG2, all of this nsSNPs found on domain that important in binding and mutation effect in its protein function. We hope to provide more information that needed to help researchers to do further study in SCID especially in our country where consanguineous marriage is common.
Demand Learning Through Social Media Exposure in the Luxury Fashion Industry: See Now Buy Now Versus See Now Buy Later

Recently, luxury fashion brands can webcast fashion shows and analyze market feedback from social media exposure (SME). See now buy now (SNBN), a new product introduction system that allows consumers to purchase products after fashion shows, has been deemed a revolutionary movement in the fashion industry. Whether SNBN can replace see now buy later (SNBL), the traditional system in which consumers purchase products several months after fashion shows, is unclear. In this article we evaluate the value of demand learning through SME for SNBL and SNBN. We develop a stylish two-period model to characterize SNBL and SNBN with SME. We find that when the feedback accuracy and holding cost are sufficiently low, SNBN performs better than SNBL with SME. Furthermore, for SNBL, when the consumer valuation is relatively low, learning market responses from SME is effective and profit improvement with SME decreases. For SNBN, SME is not always effective. Our results imply that brands, such as Gucci, should sell trendy and fashionable items via SNBL without SME and classic products (products with high consumer preference) via SME. Brands, such as Burberry, should sell low holding cost products (e.g., shirts) through SNBN and high holding cost products (e.g., leather bags) through SNBL.
Global River Discharge and Floods in the Warmer Climate of the Last Interglacial

We investigate hydrology during a past climate slightly warmer than the present: the last interglacial (LIG). With daily output of preindustrial and LIG simulations from eight new climate models we force hydrological model PCR‐GLOBWB and in turn hydrodynamic model CaMa‐Flood. Compared to preindustrial, annual mean LIG runoff, discharge, and 100‐yr flood volume are considerably larger in the Northern Hemisphere, by 14%, 25%, and 82%, respectively. Anomalies are negative in the Southern Hemisphere. In some boreal regions, LIG runoff and discharge are lower despite higher precipitation, due to the higher temperatures and evaporation. LIG discharge is much higher for the Niger, Congo, Nile, Ganges, Irrawaddy, and Pearl and lower for the Mississippi, Saint Lawrence, Amazon, Paraná, Orange, Zambesi, Danube, and Ob. Discharge is seasonally postponed in tropical rivers affected by monsoon changes. Results agree with published proxies on the sign of discharge anomaly in 15 of 23 sites where comparison is possible.
Proteolysis and lipid oxidation during ‘mu som’ fermentation as affected by different ratios of white and black glutinous rice

Changes in muscle protein proteolysis and lipid oxidation of ‘Mu Som’ added with different white and black glutinous rice ratios (w:w) at 100:0 (W100), 75:25 (W75B25), 50:50 (W50B50), 25:75 (W25B75) and 0:100 (B100) during 72 h fermentation at 30°C were investigated. During 36 h fermentation, B100 exhibited a higher rate of fermentation than others as indicated by lowered pH and lactic acid production (p<0.05). Due to higher acid production rate, the proteolysis of muscle proteins as evidenced by the increase in trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptides and smaller molecular weight of proteins appeared as electrophoresis were more pronounced. These might contributed to higher released water and expressible water as well as pale color. Higher black glutinous tice, higher released water and expressible water were observed. The lipid oxidation in all samples was observed during fermentation. All samples had no difference in likeness scores of all attributes (p>0.05). From the results, the ratio of white and black glutinous rice might contribute to proteolysis which effected on released water of Mu Som.
Moving Beyond Clinical Risk Scores with a Mobile App for the Genomic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

Primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) is important for individuals at increased risk, and largely consists of healthy lifestyle modifications and initiation of medications when appropriate – including statins. Defining the inherent risk for any given individual typically relies on traditional risk factors established decades ago by the Framingham Heart Study. Unfortunately, recent studies have indicated that these traditional clinical risk factors systematically overestimate the risk of CAD across all major ancestries. This has increased the number of patients that would be eligible for statin therapy for the primary prevention of CAD but would likely receive little benefit and potentially incur negative consequences. On the other hand, researchers have demonstrated that genetic factors can effectively identify a subset of high risk individuals, and that the benefit from statin therapy is greatest among individuals with the highest genetic risk score (GRS). These individuals also receive the greatest absolute benefit from healthy lifestyle choices, being able to titrate their risk to normal levels despite high genetic predisposition. However, it is not yet possible for the average individual to discover their genetic risk because no tools are currently available to make such a determination. Here, we present a free mobile app – MyGeneRank – that can provide this information. Individuals may choose to use this knowledge to complement traditional risk assessments, and make critical decisions regarding lifelong statin therapy and lifestyle changes. As of 1/25/2017, MyGeneRank is currently in closed beta and will soon be available to the public.
Acclimatization Drives Differences in Reef-Building Coral Calcification Rates

Coral reefs are susceptible to climate change, anthropogenic influence, and environmental stressors. However, corals in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi have repeatedly shown resilience and acclimatization to anthropogenically-induced rising temperatures and increased frequencies of bleaching events. Variations in coral and algae cover at two sites—just 600 m apart—at Malaukaʻa fringing reef suggest genetic or environmental differences in coral resilience between sites. A reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted to determine if calcification (linear extension and dry skeletal weight) for dominant reef-building species, Montipora capitata and Porites compressa, varied between the two sites and whether or not parent colony or environmental factors were responsible for the differences. Despite the two sites representing distinct environmental conditions with significant differences between temperature, salinity, and aragonite saturation, M. capitata growth rates remained the same between sites and treatments. However, dry skeletal weight increases in P. compressa were significantly different between sites, but not across treatments, with linear mixed effects model results suggesting heterogeneity driven by environmental differences between sites and the parent colonies. These results provide evidence of resilience and acclimatization for M. capitata and P. compressa. Variability of resilience may be driven by local adaptations at a small, reef-level scale for P. compressa in Kāneʻohe Bay.
Spontaneous emergence of self-replication in chemical reaction systems

Explaining origins of life requires us to explain how self-replication arises. Specifically, how can self-replicating entities develop spontaneously from chemical reaction systems in which no reaction is self-replicating? Previous models either supply a framework for minimal living systems or only consider catalyzed reactions, and thus fail to provide a comprehensive theory. We establish a general model for chemical reaction systems that properly accounts for energetics, kinetics and conservation laws. We find that (1) some systems are collectively-catalytic (e.g., the citric acid cycle), while others self-replicate as a whole (e.g., the formose reaction); (2) side reactions do not always inhibit such systems; (3) many alternative chemical universes often contain one or more such systems; (4) in some self-replicating systems, the entropy of certain parts spontaneously decreases; (5) complex self-replicating molecules emerge spontaneously from simple reaction systems through a sequence of transitions. Together these results start to explain origins of prebiotic evolution.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA) MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ITS INTERACTION WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE CONDITIONS

Leafy greens like lettuce and spinach are a common vehicle for foodborne illness in United States. It is unknown if native plant epiphytic bacteria may play a role in the establishment of enteric pathogens on leaf surfaces. The objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial communities of fresh and packaged spinach leaves and to explore interactions with E. coli O157:H7. We assessed the bacterial diversity present on the spinach leaf surfaces and how parameters such as spinach cultivar, field conditions, post-harvest operations and the presence of E. coli O157:H7 affected its diversity. Differences in bacterial population size and species richness were associated with differences in plant topography; flat leaves had smaller bacterial populations than savoy leaves, which correlated with larger number of stomata and trichomes in savoy leaves. During spinach growing season shifts in environmental conditions affected richness and population size of the spinach bacterial community. Decreases in the overall soil and ambient temperature and increased rainfall decreased richness and bacterial population size. Fresh spinach richness and composition assessed by parallel pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA elucidated 600 operational taxonomic units, with 11 different bacterial phyla. During postharvest operations diversity indexes and evenness tended to decrease, likely attributed to storage at low temperature and time of storage (4°C and 10°C), that promoted the dominance of -Proteobacteria.
The thin red line between species – genomic differentiation of Gymnosoma Meigen, a taxonomically challenging genus of parasitoid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae)

In traditional taxonomy, species are differentiated using morphological arguments, which can be subjective and cause confusion particularly when the initial species descriptions have been inadequate. The development of DNA‐based methods has provided more objective tools to recognize and quantify species differences, as well as enabled the detection of cryptic that is morphologically indistinguishable, species. Conversely, we show here that large‐scale, genome‐wide analysis of 11 427 loci and 65 825 SNPs is mostly unable to differentiate between many of the currently valid Palearctic species of bug‐killing parasitoid flies in the genus Gymnosoma Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae), despite the proposed morphological differences. We conclude that alongside a few well‐defined taxa with discrete morphological features and unique DNA barcodes, Palearctic Gymnosoma is likely to contain a single, highly variable and geographically widespread species.
D’ une responsabilité globale vers la Perceptions des pratiques RSE par les employés : revue de littérature et liens théoriques

Society has always had companies expectations that go beyond the narrow sphere of wealth creation. What we mean by corporate responsibility today has been greatly influenced by our economic systems, the evolution of modern business and the emergence of theories of corporate responsibility itself. In management science, CSR has become a major concern of researchers with the work of Bowen (1953). Bowen's (1953) founding book "the social responsabilities of the businessman " marks the concept's emergence and its theoretical foundations. Thus the literature review on CSR intrigues its ambiguity and different interpretations and meanings. This theoretical article addresses and assesses the vision of CSR in HRM literature, which in particular makes it possible to draw up a state of the art on employees' perceptions of CSR practices and the overall influence of these on behaviors and attitudes at job.
Differential effects of the crustose Diploschistes diacapsis and the squamulose Fulgensia bracteata on the establishment of a Mediterranean grass species

The interest of the scientific community in biological soil crusts has grown exponentially over the last decades. One of the scientific research interests is the study of the effect of these crusts on plant establishment. Findings in this topic have been controversial, and some differences were attributed to crust types. Biological soil crusts dominated by lichens are common components of Stipa tenacissima steppes in arid and semi-arid environments of the southern Mediterranean. In the current study, we conducted growth chamber experiments to investigate the differential effects of two lichen species with continuous crustose thalli (Diploschistes diacapsis) and with squamulose semicontinuous thalli (Fulgensia bracteata) on seed germination, root penetration, shoot emergence and seed viability of the tussock grass species S. tenacissima. Our results showed that under laboratory conditions, two distinct lichen species had significantly different effects on the establishment of S. tenacissima. Our findings clearly demonstrated that D. diacapsis significantly decreased germination, root penetration and shoot emergence of S. tenacissima compared to F. bracteata. This can be related to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between crustose and squamulose lichens. Overall, we suggest that D. diacapsis and crustose lichens generally can act as natural barrier to the establishment of S. tenacissima.
Development of Cluster-Based Energy Management Scheme for Residential Usages in the Smart Grid Community

Several efforts have been taken to promote clean energy towards a sustainable and green economy. Existing sources of electricity present some complications concerning consumers, utility owners, and the environment. Utility operators encourage household applicants to employ residential energy management (REM) systems. Renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage systems (ESS), and optimal energy allocation strategies are used to resolve these difficulties. In this paper, the development of a cluster-based energy management scheme for residential consumers of a smart grid community is proposed to reduce energy use and monetary cost. Normally, residential consumers deal with household appliances with various operating time slots depending on consumer preferences. A simulator is designed and developed using C++ software to resolve the residential consumer’s REM problem. The benefits of the RESs, ESS, and optimal energy allocation techniques are analyzed by taking in account three different scenarios. Extensive case studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed cluster-based energy management scheme. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can save energy and costs up to 45% and 56% compared to the existing methods.
Synergy through Making: Co-designing with Educational Stakeholders in Northeastern Nigeria

: Nigerian educational statistics reflect a country in crisis. Several factors drive this trend: early marriages; poorly-trained and underpaid teachers; and extensive armed conflicts. This paper describes a collaboration between three universities on a [removed for peer review] grant-funded project to intervene in this crisis. Focusing on the educational system in two states, the project aims to improve educational materials and teaching strategies in 200 schools. Our research team employs a co-design methodology informed by the “co-creation” work of Dr. Elizabeth Sanders and Pieter Jan Stappers (2008), Dr. Allison Druin’s (1999, 2002, 2005) work on “cooperative inquiry,” and by Martens, Rinnert, and Andersen’s (2018)’s work on child-centered design. The participants provided the research team with personal perspectives through the creation of personas. This paper presents the results, and how we interpreted and analyzed the study. Our goal was to better understand the educational needs, community and people of Adamawa and Gombe states. Workshop participants in to create teacher personas, discussing the values and needs of the typical Nigerian teacher. newspapers and to