Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative expression analysis of embryonic development-related genes at different stages of parthenogenetic and in vitro fertilized embryos in caprine

Summary Aberrant gene expression occurs in parthenogenetic embryos due to abnormal epigenetic modifications in the genome that probably diminish viability and enhance developmental abnormalities in these embryos. In the present study, five developmentally important genes (HPRT1, Cx43, Sox2, Mest and IGF2R) were analysed at different stages in parthenotes (haploid and diploid) and compared with similar stages in in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. The results indicated that in haploid parthenotes expression of HPRT1 was upregulated (P < 0.05) only at the 2–4-cell stage whereas Cx43 expression was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in all stages as compared with the control. However, expression of this gene was upregulated (P < 0.05) in 2–4-cell and morula stages of diploid parthenotes. Expression of Sox2 was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in morula stage haploid parthenotes, whereas it was upregulated (P < 0.05) in 8–16-cell stage diploid embryos. The expression of Mest was upregulated (P < 0.05) at the 2–4-cell stage of both haploid and diploid parthenotes, whereas it was downregulated in 8–16-cell stage diploid embryos as compared with control. IGF2R expression was upregulated (P < 0.05) only in morula stage haploid and diploid parthenote as compared with control. These results indicate that parthenogenetic embryos showed aberrant gene expression of developmentally important genes such as HPRT1, Cx43, Sox2, Mest and IGF2R in comparison with IVF embryos, this finding may be one of the major reasons for the poor developmental competence of parthenogenetic embryos.
KURUMSAL SOSYAL SORUMLULUK: KAVRAMSAL BİR BAKIŞ

Corporate social responsibility includes the activities performed by enterprises that going beyond the legitimate expectations and carried out on a voluntary basis to improve the social and environmental well-being. In this study, the concept of corporate social responsibility is examined within the frame of definition and content, social responsibility theories, causes that enterprises are moving to social responsibility activities and the scope of social responsibility. It is intended to contribute to the literature of corporate social responsibility with this study.
Intraseasonal Variability in the Makassar Strait Thermocline

Intraseasonal variability [ISV] in the Makassar Strait thermocline is examined through the analysis of along-channel flow, regional sea level anomaly and wind fields from January 2004 through November 2006. The dominant variability of 45–90 day in the Makassar Strait along-channel flow is horizontally and vertically coherent and exhibits vertical energy propagation. The majority of the Makassar ISV is uncoupled to the energy exerted by the local atmospheric ISV: instead the Makassar ISV is due to the combination of a remotely forced baroclinic wave radiating from Lombok Strait and deep reaching ISV originating in the Sulawesi Sea. Thermocline depth changes associated with ENSO influence the ISV characteristics in the Makassar Strait lower thermocline, with intensified ISV during El Nino when the thermocline shallows and weakened ISV during La Nina.
Response to the Bam Earthquake: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of the Top and Middle Level Health Managers in Kerman, Iran

Abstract Introduction The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake resulted in high casualties and required international and national assistance. This study explored local top and middle level managers’ disaster relief experiences in the aftermath of the Bam earthquake. Methods Using qualitative interview methodology, top and middle level health managers employed during the Bam earthquake were identified. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Results showed that the managers interviewed experienced two main problems. First, inadequacy of preparation of local health organisations, which was due to lack of familiarity of the needs, unavailability of essential needs, and also increasing demands, which were above the participants’ expectations. Second, inappropriateness of delivered donations was perceived as a problem; for example, foods and sanitary materials were either poor quality or expired by date recommended for use. Participants also found international teams to be more well-equipped and organised. Conclusions During the disaster relief period of the response to the Bam earthquake, local health organizations were ill prepared for the event. In addition, donations delivered for relief were often poor quality or expired beyond a usable date. MoosazadehM, ZolalaF, SheikhzadehK, SafiriS, AmiresmailiM. Response to the Bam earthquake: a qualitative study on the experiences of the top and middle level health managers in Kerman, Iran. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-4 .
Defacement of Colluding Attack Using Blowfish Algorithm

- In web environment, browser extension extends its functionality by retrieving, presenting and traversing the information through web browser. Browser extensions run with ‘high’ privileges which consequences, vulnerable web browser extensions to steal user’s credentials and trap users into leaking sensitive information to unauthorized parties. One of the attack known as Colluding browser extension attack causes privacy leakage of share data in web browser through extensions. This paper, proposed Defacement of colluding Attack (DCA) mechanism to secure user credentials and confidential information over web browser extension. DCA mechanism encapsulate padding with blowfish algorithm to encrypt sensitive information before sharing it over common memory location. Finally the comparison evaluation of proposed mechanism is carried out with twofish, threefish, 3DES and DES on standard parameters such as encryption time, decryption time, key-length, throughput, attacks and level of security.
Criteria for the Determination of the CEOs Bonuses in Large French Companies

The purpose of this article is to analyse the criteria which determine the bonuses of the CEOs in the companies listed in the CAC 40, the French stock exchange index. The question of incentives for managers has been generally analysed in terms of the agency relationship. If one refers to the agency theory, the CEOs are agents who have the role of managing the company in the interests of the shareholders. Their objective is thus to improve the financial performance without worrying themselves with the interests of other concerned parties. The results of our research show that the executive managers are evaluated based on criteria of financial performance (net profits, dividend distribution, share prices) as the agency theory would suggest. As regards social and environmental criteria, these are totally inexistent.
Improved outcome of bacterial meningitis associated with use of corticosteroid treatment

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with bacterial meningitis following the introduction of dexamethasone treatment in Denmark. Methods Adult patients with bacterial meningitis, admitted from 2003–2010 to two different university hospitals, were included retrospectively. Data at clinical presentation, Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), cerebrospinal fluid and blood biochemistry were collected. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results One hundred and forty-seven patients were included in the study. The population had a median age of 62 years and 31% had an immunosuppressive co-morbidity. Eighty-nine patients had an unfavourable outcome (GOS score = 1–4). Adjuvant treatment with corticosteroids (RR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.30–0.76) was associated with a favourable outcome (GOS score = 5), while altered mental status (RR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.17–4.78) and age (RR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01–1.04) per year increment was associated with an unfavourable outcome. Adjuvant corticosteroid treatment did not affect short- or long-term survival. Short-term mortality was influenced by age (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.04–1.09). Long-term mortality was influenced by age (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03–1.08) and female sex (RR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.05–3.14). Conclusion This study indicated that adjuvant corticosteroid treatment in acute bacterial meningitis improves the outcome and can safely be administered in an elderly population with high levels of immunosuppressive co-morbidity.
Entrepreneurship policy brief : a tool for analysis and promotion

This note provides an overview of approaches to questions about the role of entrepreneurship and how best to help it thrives. The note begins by defining entrepreneurship and outlining how entrepreneurship promotes growth through jobs and productivity. Second, the paper maps various elements to consider when addressing entrepreneurship: entry, expansion, reallocation of resources, and exit. Finally, the discussion turns to the policy challenges that must be managed in order to promote entrepreneurship in support of job creation and productivity growth. This paper focuses only on those issues that can be affected by policymakers, rather than characteristics of entrepreneurs. In addition, an analysis of specific interventions to address the policy challenges associated with entrepreneurship will require much more detail and space than what can be achieved by this note. Further policy notes addresses specific policy interventions and provide detailed recommendations.
Business process reengineering and the commodification of managerial knowledge

With the growing influence of gurus and consultants on management and marketing practice, managerial knowledge itself is increasingly becoming commodified. This paper critically examines the latest major fad, business process reengineering—exploring the construction of these ideas and their affinity with managerial interests, the ways in which the ideas are marketed and consumed, and their impact on managerial work processes.
ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: THE IMPORTANT DRIVERS

In the advent of the 21st century, amongst other changes affecting the human civilization, the internet has had perhaps one of the biggest effects in the way humans communicate with each other, conduct business and even spend their leisure time. The Brick-and-mortar stores of the past are increasingly being given a run for their money by the click stores and even brick-andclick stores. In this scenario, the researchers have attempted to study the online consumer behavior and determine the important drivers for what persuades consumers to shop online. For this purpose, a sample of the most prolific users of the internet, the students have been selected to develop an understanding about their online behavior.
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND OPEN INNOVATION. EVIDENCE FROM THE UK

The research provides fresh empirical evidence on the role of firms absorptive capacity and the geographical scope of knowledge collaboration in affecting firms differences in innovation performance. The work is based on an in-depth analysis of two different data bases are used the Fourth Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) and the 2004 Survey of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises from the Centre for Business Research (CBR) at the University of Cambridge. The empirical evidence is complemented by the results of a detailed case study analysis conducted on 13 enterprises selected from the CBR data set. There are a whole range of indicators of firms absorptive capacity, including organisational structure and management practices, collaborations, use of government agencies for business advice, employee training and R&D intensity levels. The results indicate that while there are important differences in innovation levels, these differences can to a significant extent be explained by variations in firms absorptive capacity and innovation collaboration patterns. Further, the paper provides evidence on the actual returns of the propensity of firms to cooperate with different types of public and private partners in terms of how the introduction of innovation is actually carried out, i.e. whether within the firm, in collaboration with cooperation partners or by way of adoption.
Microenvironments in Tuberculous Granulomas Are Delineated by Distinct Populations of Macrophage Subsets and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase Isoforms

Macrophages in granulomas are both antimycobacterial effector and host cell for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet basic aspects of macrophage diversity and function within the complex structures of granulomas remain poorly understood. To address this, we examined myeloid cell phenotypes and expression of enzymes correlated with host defense in macaque and human granulomas. Macaque granulomas had upregulated inducible and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS and eNOS) and arginase (Arg1 and Arg2) expression and enzyme activity compared with nongranulomatous tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated macrophages adjacent to uninvolved normal tissue were more likely to express CD163, whereas epithelioid macrophages in regions where bacteria reside strongly expressed CD11c, CD68, and HAM56. Calprotectin-positive neutrophils were abundant in regions adjacent to caseum. iNOS, eNOS, Arg1, and Arg2 proteins were identified in macrophages and localized similarly in granulomas across species, with greater eNOS expression and ratio of iNOS/Arg1 expression in epithelioid macrophages as compared with cells in the lymphocyte cuff. iNOS, Arg1, and Arg2 expression in neutrophils was also identified. The combination of phenotypic and functional markers support that macrophages with anti-inflammatory phenotypes localized to outer regions of granulomas, whereas the inner regions were more likely to contain macrophages with proinflammatory, presumably bactericidal, phenotypes. Together, these data support the concept that granulomas have organized microenvironments that balance antimicrobial anti-inflammatory responses to limit pathology in the lungs.
Using Accounting Ratios in Predicting Financial Distress: An Empirical Investigation in the Vietnam Stock Market

Financial distress prediction is an important and practical research topic for many stakeholders and has attracted extensive studies over the past decades. This paper investigates the challenging issue of financial distress in Vietnam by distinguishing "healthy" companies from "financially distressed" companies using a data sample of firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. Employing the logistic regression model to predict financial distress with a unique data set, we characterize the determinants of financial distress in terms of firm accounting and financial ratios over the period from 2007 to 2012. The results indicate that financial ratios can be employed as an early warning of financial distress as financial ratios are significantly correlated with the probability of firm financial distress.
Dynamics of Messenger RNAs Encoding Inhibin/Activin Subunits and Follistatin in the Ovary During the Rat Estrous Cycle

Abstract Quantitative changes in ovarian inhibin/activin subunit and follistatin mRNAs during the rat estrous cycle were examined by ribonuclease protection assay using digoxygenin-labeled RNA probes. Levels of ovarian inhibin α subunit mRNA remained low throughout estrus, metestrus, and diestrus; abruptly increased on the morning of proestrus; then rapidly decreased when the primary gonadotropin surge occurred. A similar changing pattern was observed in inhibin/activin βA subunit mRNA. On the other hand, inhibin/activin βB subunit mRNA showed a different changing pattern. Levels of βB subunit mRNA remained constant during metestrus and diestrus, abruptly decreased on the afternoon of proestrus, then quickly recovered from the nadir by 1100 h on estrus. Throughout the rat estrous cycle, especially during the periovulatory period, α subunit mRNA levels were considerably higher than βA and βB subunit mRNA levels. In addition, changes in plasma concentrations of inhibin A and inhibin B were very similar to that in ovarian βA and βB subunit mRNA levels, respectively, with several-hour delays. These results suggest that levels of β subunit mRNAs restrict secretion of dimeric inhibins. Levels of follistatin mRNA remained low from the midnight of metestrus to the midnight of diestrus, then increased until initiation of the primary gonadotropin surge. Thereafter, follistatin mRNA decreased, reached the nadir at 0200 h on estrus, then increased abruptly at 1100 h on estrus. Afterward, follistatin mRNA levels remained high until the morning of metestrus. The changing pattern of ovarian follistatin mRNA was similar to, and preceded, the changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone, suggesting that ovarian follistatin may modulate progesterone secretion during the rat estrous cycle.
Tissue factor antigen is elevated in patients with microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.

Patients with late diabetic complications have increased levels of parameters indicating activation of coagulation (Takakashi et al., 1989; Ceriello, 1993; Murakami et al., 1993; Kario et al., 1995; Shimizu et al., 1995; Yokoyama et al., 1996), endothelial cell damage (Jensen, 1989; Iwashima et al., 1990; Sernau et al., 1995; Gabath et al., 1996). TF is believed to activate the coagulation mechanism in patients with late complications of diabetes. We studied the TF antigen plasma levels in 72 patients with diabetes mellitus (36 type I, 36 type II) with respect to its relevance as a marker of microvascular diabetic complications. TF levels did not correlate with macrovascular disease, diabetes type or age. Sixty patients with decreased renal function not due to diabetes were studied for evaluation of the contribution of renal failure to TF antigen plasma levels. We did not find a significant correlation of TF with s-creatinine in non diabetic patients (r = 0.27, p > 0.05). However, TF levels were elevated in diabetic patients with microvascular disease. Patients with retinopathy had higher TF levels than without (0.30 ng/ml vs 0.11 ng/ml, p < 0.007). When patients were divided into subgroups according to the urine albumin concentration, TF antigen of patients without albuminuria (0.019 ng/ml, n = 25) did not differ from patients with microalbuminuria (0.095 ng/ml, n = 19 p > 0.05). However, TF levels were significantly higher in patients with macroalbuminuria (n = 28; 0.215 ng/ml, p < 0.005). Thus activation of coagulation in patients with microvascular complications of diabetes may be triggered by tissue factor.
Developing a Risk Analysis Framework for Hospital Information Security Management

The purpose of this paper is to develop the hospital information security risk framework and to raise organizational risk sense and effective decision making. This study adopted the ISO27799 with the ten controls items for risk management. In order to make sure the feasibility of the proposed framework, we conducted a field study for a medical center to investigate the risk of identification, analyses, measurement and control, respectively. Based on the result, the proposed framework be able to elicit the real risk attitude of each stakeholder more accurate than the Riskit model. Additionally, it implicated a great diversity of human decision behavior uncertainty under risky environment. According to the review of the risk experiences, it can know the potential incident well by investigate into the risk cognition of stakeholders more in detail. Further, it not only can realize the more accurate potential risk incident by utilize the non-parameter method, but also achieve the purpose of shift risk and control losses. The proposed framework can deal with information security risk about hospital-wide by considering stakeholders’ decision positions and behavior attribute, and provide decision makers the effective support for quality decision making. Finally, the implications of the research findings could use and to probing into other similar decision making issue under risk.
Closing the Gap: Communicating to Change Gardening Practices in Support of Native Biodiversity in Urban Private Gardens

Private gardens collectively comprise the largest green space in most cities and the greatest potential for increasing the extent of wildlife-friendly and native-dominated habitat, improving the quality of ecosystem services, and providing opportunities for urban dwellers to reconnect with nature. Because attitudes and values driving landscape preferences in gardens are complex and often not conducive to biodiversity, and a gap exists between the possession of knowledge or values and the expression of pro-environmental behavior, facilitating change in gardening behavior is challenging. We attempted to improve knowledge and influence values, attitudes, and gardening behavior of 55 householders in favor of native biodiversity and environmentally friendly practices, through a two-way communication process, or interactive dialog, during a process of biodiversity documentation of their gardens. Informative feedback on their garden with a normative component was also provided. Despite being well educated and knowledgeable about common species at the start of the study, an increase in knowledge and shift in attitude was detected in 64% of householders: 40% reported a greater understanding of wildlife, and 26% made changes in their gardens, 13% to support native biodiversity. The normative component of our feedback information was of particular interest to 20% of householders. Because neighborhood norms influence gardening practices, changes adopted by a proportion of householders should be perpetuated across neighborhoods. The process of biodiversity assessment, dialog, and feedback was effective in improving knowledge of wildlife and native species, and stimulated a shift in attitude that resulted in native-friendly gardening practices. These changes were detected primarily through open self-report questions, rather than quantitative measures.