Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enrichment and Distribution of Pb2+ Ions in Zwitterionic Poly(cysteine methacrylate) Brushes at the Solid-Liquid Interface.

Cysteine-based polyzwitterionic brushes have been prepared via a two-step route. First, poly(allyl methacrylate) (PAMA) brushes have been grown from the surface of silicon substrates using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The obtained PAMA brushes with free pendant vinyl groups were further modified via radical thiol-ene addition reaction to attach L-cysteine moieties. Surface zeta potential investigations on pH-responsiveness of these poly(cysteine methacrylate) (PCysMA) brushes conﬁrm their zwitterionic character at intermediate pH range, while at pH values either below pH 3.50 or above pH 8.59, they exhibit polyelectrolyte character. Under acid (pH < 3.50) or base (pH > 8.59) conditions, they possess either cationic or anionic character, respectively. In the zwitterionic region, these PCysMA brushes show positive surface zeta potential in the presence of Pb(CH3COO)2 solutions of various concentrations. The results are in line with microscopic investigations using anomalous X-ray reflectivity (AXRR) carried out along the absorption edge of Pb2+ ions. By varying the photon energies around the absorption L3 edge of lead (13037 eV), the Pb2+ concentration normal to the silicon substrates, as a function of depth inside PCysMA brushes, could be revealed at the nanoscale. Both zeta potential and AXRR measurements confirm the enrichment of Pb2+ ions inside PCysMA brushes, indicating the potential of PCysMA to be used as a water purification material.
Machine learning for streaming data: state of the art, challenges, and opportunities

Incremental learning, online learning, and data stream learning are terms commonly associated with learning algorithms that update their models given a continuous influx of data without performing multiple passes over data. Several works have been devoted to this area, either directly or indirectly as characteristics of big data processing, i.e., Velocity and Volume. Given the current industry needs, there are many challenges to be addressed before existing methods can be efficiently applied to real-world problems. In this work, we focus on elucidating the connections among the current stateof- the-art on related fields; and clarifying open challenges in both academia and industry. We treat with special care topics that were not thoroughly investigated in past position and survey papers. This work aims to evoke discussion and elucidate the current research opportunities, highlighting the relationship of different subareas and suggesting courses of action when possible.
AP relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult white males

AP Relationship of the Maxillary Central Incisors to the Forehead in Adult White Males Maggie S. Adams, D.D.S., Peter Ngan, D.M.D., Chris Martin, D.D.S., M.S., Thomas Razmus, D.D.S., M.S., Objectives: To evaluate and compare the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult white males with harmonious profiles and in adult white male orthodontic patients. Methods: One hundred and one photographic images of adult white males with good facial harmony (control sample) were compared with 97 photographs of adult white males seeking orthodontic treatment (study sample). All images were of the face in profile with the maxillary central incisors and the forehead in full view. The images were imported into Adobe PhotoshopTM and resized and rotated to the upright head position. Reference lines were constructed to assess the anteroposterior positions of the maxillary central incisors as well as forehead inclinations. Results: In the control sample, 91% had maxillary central incisors positioned between the FFA point and glabella, 8% posterior to the FFA point, and <1% anterior to glabella. In the study sample, 34% had maxillary central incisors positioned between the FFA point and glabella, 59% posterior to the FFA point, and 7% anterior to glabella. The difference between the means for the anteroposterior maxillary incisor position were statistically significant (P=0.0001). The positions of the maxillary central incisors were poorly correlated with the forehead inclination in the control, but not in the study group (r=0.37 and r=0.53 respectively). Conclusion: The forehead is an important landmark for anteroposterior maxillary incisor positioning for adult white male patients seeking improved facial harmony.
Towards a Tool for LTL Synthesis with Bounded-Energy Constraints

MCMAS is an open-source model checker specialised in logics for multi-agent systems (MAS), in particular logics for strategic reasoning, but which at the moment can only handle qualitative objectives. We propose a first step towards extending MCMAS to certain quantitative strategic logics where the quantitative aspects have the form of energy constraints. We show that the existence of strategies for a coalition of agents for objectives given as a combination of LTL formula and bounded energy constraint can be reduced to the same problem for pure LTL objectives. Using this reduction, we run some experiments with MCMAS to solve quantitative strategic problems.
Roles of women families and communities in preventing illness and providing health services in developing countries.

In this paper we examine aspects of society and of behavior that encourage or discourage health concentrating on.South Asia sub-Saharan Africa and to a lesser extent the Middle East.Much of this paper focuses on child deaths.The central argument of this paper is that the persons with the greatest interest in childrens health and survival and with the greatest willingness to devote time to their protection and to care for them in sickness are childrens mothers. Children may receive less than optimal attention both in health and in sickness because their mothers are prevented from giving them the needed attention lack sufficient resources from the larger family or their husbands or lack self-confidence about their ability to care and make health decisions. Many of these elements still exist and restrict the rate of health improvement not only for the children but for their mothers as well. Moreover these restrictions on women probably also jeopardize their husbands health and survival chances. (EXCERPT)
The prevalence of obesıty and related factors among prımary and secondary school students

Objectives: Obesity was previously seen as a problem in high-income countries. It is also a problem in low and middle-income countries today. The sedentary lifestyle has made this situation more pronounced. Childhood obesity continues in adulthood. Adequate and balanced nutrition and mobile lifestyle have a great role in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity among primary and secondary school students and related factors. Methods: The sample size was calculated as 1278 (213 × 6) for the gender distribution to be appropriate and for the primary and secondary school students to be included in the district center and villages. Considering 15% of the students' non-response rate, the number of students planned to be reached is 1500. Selection was made after the students were ranked by class, gender and place of residence. Of the 1500 students who were sampled, 1298 (86.53%) were evaluated. Results: There was no difference in body mass index between gender and place of residence. The prevalence of being overweight or obesity among secondary school students (25.2%) was significantly higher than primary school students (20.5%). Conclusion: In the childhood age group; sedentary lifestyle, having breakfast and obesity in parents had a significant effect on obesity. It is considered important for children and family members to have proper nutrition and mobile life behaviors.
A combined experimental and molecular simulation study of insulin-chitosan complexation driven by electrostatic interactions.

Protein-polysaccharide complexes constructed via self-assembly method are often used to develop novel biomaterials for a wide range of applications in biomedicine, food and biotechnology. The objective of this work was to investigate theoretically and to demonstrate via constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations that the complexation phenomenon between INS and the cationic polyelectrolyte CS is mainly driven by an electrostatic mechanism. Experimental results obtained from FTIR spectra and ζ - potential determinations allowed us to complement the conclusions. The characteristic absorption bands for the complexes could be assigned to a combination of signals from CS amide I and INS amide II. The second peak corresponds to the interaction between the polymer and the protein at the level of amide II.INS-CS complexation processes not expected when INS is in its monomeric form, but for both tetrameric and hexameric forms of INS, incipient complexation due to charge regulation mechanism took place at pH 5 and complexation range was observed to be 5.5<pH<6.5. In general, when the number of INS units increases in the simulation process, the solution pH at which the complexation can occur shifts towards acidic conditions. CS´s chain interacts more efficiently, i.e. in a wider pH range, with INS aggregates formed by the highest monomer number. Charge regulation mechanism can be considered as a previous phase towards complexation (incipient complexation) caused by weak interactions of Coulombic nature.
The Holy Grail of: Teaming humans and machine learning for detecting cyber threats

Although there is a large corpus of research focused on using machine learning to detect cyber threats, the solutions presented are rarely actually adopted in the real world. In this paper, we discuss the challenges that currently limit the adoption of machine learning in security operations, with a special focus on label acquisition, model deployment, and the integration of model findings into existing investigation workflows. Moreover, we posit that the conventional approach to the development of machine learning models, whereby researchers work offline on representative datasets to develop accurate models, is not valid for many cybersecurity use cases. Instead, a different approach is needed: to integrate the creation and maintenance of machine learning models into security operations themselves.
Efficacy of intrauterine perfusion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for infertile women before embryo transfer: meta-analysis

Abstract This meta-analysis was intended to evaluate the effects of intrauterine perfusion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) on the pregnancy outcomes including clinical pregnancy rates, embryo implantation rates, live birth rates and miscarriage rates of infertile women who were undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. By searching Pubmed, Embase database, five articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included, and 1173 women were enrolled (intrauterine PBMC group: n = 514; NO-PBMC group: n = 659). For the entire IVF/ICSI population and one or two embryo transfer failure patients, there was no significant difference in endometrial thickness, embryo implantation rates, live birth rates, and miscarriage rates between the PBMC group and NO-PBMC group. Although the clinical pregnancy rates of the PBMC group were higher than that of the NO-PBMC group, the confidence interval was close to the line of unity. As for the patients with three or more implantation failures, the clinical pregnancy rates, embryo implantation rates and live birth rates were much higher in the PBMC group than that of the NO-PBMC group. In summary, current evidence suggests that intrauterine perfusion of PBMC can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes in patients who have three or more implantation failures. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? An increasing number of studies have shown that immune cells play an important role in embryo transfer. There is no reliable evidence to confirm the clinical efficacy of intrauterine perfusion of PBMC. What do the results of this study add? The current evidence suggests that intrauterine perfusion of PBMC can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes in patients who have three or more implantation failures. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? To the best of our knowledge, this meta-analysis is the first to evaluate the effect of intrauterine perfusion of PBMC on pregnancy outcomes before embryo transfer. Our study indicated that intrauterine perfusion of PBMC significantly increased clinical pregnancy rates, embryo implantation rates, and live birth rates in patients who failed more than three implants.
Reliability of a functional magnetic resonance imaging task of emotional conflict in healthy participants

Task‐based functional neuroimaging methods are increasingly being used to identify biomarkers of treatment response in psychiatric disorders. To facilitate meaningful interpretation of neural correlates of tasks and their potential changes with treatment over time, understanding the reliability of the blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) signal of such tasks is essential. We assessed test–retest reliability of an emotional conflict task in healthy participants collected as part of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression. Data for 36 participants, scanned at three time points (weeks 0, 2, and 8) were analyzed, and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to quantify reliability. We observed moderate reliability (median ICC values between 0.5 and 0.6), within occipital, parietal, and temporal regions, specifically for conditions of lower cognitive complexity, that is, face, congruent or incongruent trials. For these conditions, activation was also observed within frontal and sub‐cortical regions, however, their reliability was poor (median ICC < 0.2). Clinically relevant prognostic markers based on task‐based fMRI require high predictive accuracy at an individual level. For this to be achieved, reliability of BOLD responses needs to be high. We have shown that reliability of the BOLD response to an emotional conflict task in healthy individuals is moderate. Implications of these findings to further inform studies of treatment effects and biomarker discovery are discussed.
Granular Sludge Coupling Nitrate/Nitrite Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation with Anammox: from Proof-of-Concept to High Rate Nitrogen Removal.

This work develops a novel Membrane Granular Sludge Reactor (MGSR), which equipped with gas permeable membrane module for efficient methane delivery to cultivate nitrate/nitrite dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) microorganisms in granular sludge. As proof of concept, the MGSR was fed with synthetic wastewater containing nitrate and ammonium to facilitate the growth of n-DAMO microorganisms. The granular sludge of n-DAMO and Anammox gradually developed and achieved a nitrogen removal rate of 1.08 g NO3--N L-1 d-1 and 0.81 g NH4+-N L-1 d-1. Finally, enriched granular sludge was successfully applied for nitrogen removal from the synthetic partial nitritation effluent. The combined dominance of n-DAMO archaea, Anammox bacteria and n-DAMO bacteria in the microbial community was confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that a layered structure was formed in the granular sludge with Anammox bacteria in the outer layer and n-DAMO microorganisms in the inner layer when granules were fed with nitrite and ammonium. The high performance of nitrogen removal (16.53 kg N m-3 d-1) with satisfactory effluent quality (~8 mg N L-1) and excellent biomass retention capacity (43 g VSS L-1) makes the MGSR promising for practical application of n-DAMO and Anammox in wastewater treatment.
Bayesian Supervised Topic Modeling with Covariates

Topic modeling is a latent variable approach to quantitatively model text. This approach assumes that text can be summarized as a mixture of latent categories (i.e., topics; Blei, Ng, & Jordan, 2003). By representing patterns of word co-occurrences as topics, underlying features of the text can be extracted and studied on their own or used as variables in subsequent analyses. Applications of topic modeling in psychological research typically estimate topics and then use them as predictors in later regression models. However, this two-stage procedure ignores variability in the topic estimates, which can produce incorrect estimation and inference. Blei and
Synthetic Strategies for Artificial Lipidation of Functional Proteins.

Biosynthesis of natural lipidated proteins is linked to important signal pathways, and therefore analyzing protein lipidation is crucial for understanding cellular functions. Artificial lipidation of proteins has attracted attention in recent decades as it allows modulation of the amphiphilic nature of the protein of interest, and is used in the design of drug delivery systems containing antibodies anchored on a lipid bilayer carrier. However, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of lipids makes the synthesis of lipid-protein conjugates challenging with respect to the yield and selectivity of the lipidation. In this minireview, we discuss the development of chemical and enzymatic synthetic strategies for the preparation of a range of lipid-protein conjugates that do not compromise the functions of the proteins as well as applications of the conjugates.
The therapeutic mechanism macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α/CCL3) neutralizing antibody in Clostridium difficile infection in mice.

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes diarrhea and colitis. We aimed at finding a common pathogenic pathway in CDI among humans and mice by comparing toxin-mediated effects in human and mouse colonic tissues. METHOD We determined the cytokine secretion of toxin A- and B-treated human and mouse colonic explants using multiplex ELISA. RESULTS Toxin A and toxin B exposure to fresh human and mouse colonic explants caused different patterns of cytokine secretion. Toxin A induced macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) secretion in both human and mouse explants. Toxin A reduced chloride anion exchanger SLC26A3 expression in mouse colonic explants and human colonic epithelial cells. C. difficile-infected patients had increased colonic MIP-1α expression and reduced colonic SLC26A3 expression compared to controls. Anti-MIP-1α neutralizing antibody prevented mortality, ameliorated colonic injury, reduced colonic IL-1beta mRNA expression, and restored colonic Slc26a3 expression in C. difficile-infected mice. The anti-MIP-1α neutralizing antibody prevented CDI recurrence. Slc26a3 inhibition augmented colonic IL-1β mRNA expression and abolished the protective effect of anti-MIP-1α neutralizing antibody in C. difficile-infected mice. CONCLUSION MIP-1α is a common toxin A-dependent chemokine in human and mouse colon. MIP-1α mediates detrimental effects by reducing Slc26a3 and enhancing IL-1β expression in the colon.
Release-controlled microcapsules of thiamethoxam encapsulated in beeswax and their application in field

Abstract Using beeswax as wrapping matrix, two types of release-controlled TM (thiamethoxam)/BK(beeswax-kaolin) microcapsules were prepared by adsorbing TM on kaolin and then encapsulated with beeswax, or directly wrapping TM with beeswax. The structure and morphology of the TM/BK microcapsules were characterized. The effects of different preparation methods, the particle size, pH conditions and different additives on the release property of the TM/BK microcapsules were investigated in water and soil column to compare the advantages of the two approaches. Finally, the insecticidal effect of the TM/BK microcapsules against sugarcane borer and rice planthopper was tested. The results show that the TM/BK microcapsules have a better sustained-release in both water and soil, and the release rate is different under different pH conditions. In addition, the releasing time of the TM/BK microcapsules can be modified by different preparation methods and combination of different additives. In the field applications, the insecticidal activity of the TM/BK microcapsules was better than that of non-sustained control group. Especially in the rice field test, 45 days after the application, the control group lost the activity against rice planthopper because of drug loss, whereas the TM/BK microcapsule group still retained about 90% of the insecticidal activity. The results suggest that the microcapsules have better agricultural application for insect control.
Recurrence risk of preterm births: a retrospective Indian study

Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal deaths and India is the biggest contributor to the global burden of PTBs. This study aimed to determine the risk of recurrence of PTBs and factors associated with recurrence among mothers delivered at a tertiary care perinatal centre in India. This retrospective study comprised women who had delivered singleton preterm babies (24–37 weeks of gestation and weighing ≥500 g) in 2009 and 2010, and had subsequent deliveries beyond 24 weeks of gestation by the end of March 2016. Preterm births were stratified as spontaneous and those with an indication for delivery. Information on demographic data and maternal and neonatal outcomes was accessed from the case records or enquired over telephone. Among 291 eligible women, the recurrence rate of PTB was 31.6%; 29.1% for prior spontaneous and 34.0% for indicated preterm deliveries. This recurrence risk is similar to that in the western populations. In 75.0% of the cases, the type of recurrent PTB corresponded to the index PTB. Preeclampsia (PE) was significantly associated with recurrence (OR 7.10; 95% CI: 3.33, 15.11; p < .001); thus, prevention of PE is a key component in the prevention of PTB. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Preventing preterm birth (PTB) remains a challenge because the causes of PTBs are numerous, complex and poorly understood. Spontaneous PTB before 34 weeks of gestation is a strong predictor of subsequent spontaneous PTB. Spontaneous PTB is not only associated with increased recurrence of spontaneous but also medically indicated PTB and vice versa. Risk factors may vary by the clinical subtype of the most recent PTB. What the results of this study add? Despite the highest reported number of PTBs, there are no data on recurrence from India. This study reveals that the recurrence rate of PTBs in an Indian population appears to mirror the rates in the developed nations and preeclampsia (PE) is strongly associated with recurrence. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or future research? The results of this study are useful for counselling women who had previous PTBs regarding their future obstetric outcomes. Focussed research on prediction and prevention of PE is an essential element in the algorithm for prevention of PTBs.