Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Faulting in the 1986 Chalfant, California, Sequence: Local Tectonics and Earthquake Source Parameters

The July 1986, moment magnitude (M w ) 6.3 Chalfant, California, earth- quake is the largest of a recent series (1978-present) of moderate-sized earthquakes near the Long Valley volcanic region of east-central California. The sequence con- sists primarily of three moderate-sized strike-slip events. High-quality aftershock relocations and short-period focal mechanisms define the temporal and spatial de- velopment of the foreshock-mainshock-aftershock periods of these three events. Faulting during the Mw 5.7 (event I; July 20) and the Mw 6.3 (event II; 21 July) events constitute a set of conjugate strike-slip faults. Event I involved predominantly left-lateral motion on a NE-striking fault plane initiating at shallow depth (7 km). Event II initiated at 10.5 km depth exhibiting right-lateral strike-slip motion on a NW-striking fault dipping moderately to the southwest. An ML 5.5 strike-slip event on 31 July (event III) extended the aftershock sequence to the south into the White Mountains fault zone. P-wave pulse-width stress drops are determined for 185 ML 2.7-4.0 earthquakes that sample the entire sequence. Higher stress drops are observed near the intersection of event I and II fault planes and at the northern and southern ends of the aftershock zone. The moving-window b-value of the temporal magnitude distribution shows a general inverse relationship to stress drop with observed changes in both the average stress drop level and the b-value preceding event III. The average aftershock stress drop tends to increase as the sequence progresses suggesting that the faulted volume is equilibrating to the regional stress. Source parameters have been determined for the principal earthquakes from teleseismic body waves, local strong-motion records, and the extent of aftershock activity. The Chalfant sequence appears to be transferring strike-slip motion away from the White Mountains front, contributing to the observed increase in the relative normal offset, from south to north, along the White Mountains and the opening of the White Mountains relative to the Sierra Nevada Range front north of Owens Valley.
Spontaneous Raman scattering for simultaneous measurements of in-cylinder species

A technique for multi-species mole fraction measurement in internal combustion engines is described. The technique is based on the spontaneous Raman scattering. It can simultaneously provide the mole fractions of several species of N2, O2, H2O, CO2 and fuel. Using the system, simultaneous measurement of air/fuel ratio and burnt residual gas are carried out during the mixture process in a Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI) combustion engine. The accuracy and consistency of the measured results were confirmed by the measured air fuel ratio using an exhaust gas analyzer and independently calculated mole fraction values. Measurement of species mole fractions during combustion process has also been demonstrated. It shows that the SRS can provide valuable data on this process in a CAI combustion engine.
Relación entre percepción del clima tarea, orientación a la tarea, claridad emocional y motivación intrínseca

espanolSon escasos los estudios que han tratado de integrar en un mismo modelo explicativo aspectos motivacionales y emocionales. Asi, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la percepcion del clima a la tarea, la orientacion a la tarea, la claridad emocional y la motivacion intrinseca. Los participantes fueron 399 deportistas espanoles, 281 hombres y 118 mujeres practicantes de futbol, balonmano, baloncesto y voleibol. Se utilizo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que mostro que el efecto total de la percepcion del clima a la tarea sobre la orientacion a la tarea se divide en un efecto directo y otro indirecto a traves de la claridad emocional. Ademas, la orientacion a la tarea tuvo un efecto directo y positivo sobre la motivacion intrinseca. Todos los efectos fueron significativos y la varianza explicada de la motivacion intrinseca fue de un 47%. Los resultados fueron discutidos desde la teoria de la autodeterminacion y la teoria de las metas de logro. EnglishFew studies have tried to integrate into a single explanatory model motivational and emotional aspect. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between the perception of task motivational climate, task orientation, emotional clarity and intrinsic motivation. The participants were 399 Spanish sportsmen, 281 men and 118 women practitioners of football, handball, basketball and volleyball. A structural equations model showed that the total effect of the perception of task climate on task orientation is divided into direct effect and other indirect through the emotional clarity. In addition, the task orientation had a direct and positive effect on intrinsic motivation. All the effects were significant and the explained variance of intrinsic motivation was 47%. The results were discussed from self-determination theory and achievement goal theory
An Interactive Auto-recharging System for Mobile Robots

The article describes a new auto-charging system designed to enhance successful docking rates for mobile robots while at the same time monitoring the status of the charging current between the mobile robot and the docking station. The communication interface of the mobile robot and the docking station uses a wireless RF interface. The docking station is designed with one active degree of freedom and two passive degrees of freedom. Users tune the location of the charging pins on the docking station to make it possible for the mobile robot to execute an auto-recharging process. The auto-recharging process uses multiple sensors and a laser range finder located on the mobile robot. The laser range finder searches for a landmark to guide the mobile robot towards the docking station. In the experiment, the power of the mobile robot is under its threshold value. The mobile robot transmits a charging command to the docking station via a wireless RF interface. The docking station transmits a location command back to the mobile robot via this wireless RF interface. The mobile robot uses its laser range finder to search for the landmark of the assigned docking station and programs a motion trajectory to move forward to the docking station. The docking station supplies a charging current to the mobile robot by means of a charger. The power detection module simultaneously detects the charging current and the voltage values of the charging process in both the docking station and the mobile robot. The system can monitor the status of the charging process between the docking station and the mobile robot at any time. The power of the mobile robot is enough to be detected by the power detection module. When the charging process is complete, the docking station turns off the charging current and triggers the mobile robot to leave the docking station via the wireless RF interface.
Museum-Based Teacher Professional Development: Peabody Fellows in Earth Science

ABSTRACT The Peabody Fellows in Earth Science program was a professional development opportunity for middle and high school teachers to enhance their knowledge of, and teaching skills in, the Earth sciences. It combined a summer institute and academic year workshops with the production of new curricular resources on the interpretation of landforms in Connecticut. Teachers implemented these materials with the aid of an accompanying classroom kit. The program included in-depth evaluation of the project outcomes for teachers and students; focused on tectonic processes; and on erosion, weathering, and glaciers. Forty-seven teachers participated in the institute, 30 taught the full curriculum, and 21 completed all the evaluation activities. Teachers reported that they had significantly increased their geoscience content knowledge as well as their ability to teach geoscience-related skills, particularly in guiding students to make observations and inferences about the local landscape. In the majority of cases for teachers that completed all evaluation activities, there was a significant increase in student performance in at least one learning goal as a result of the teachers' participation in the program. These data show this type of informal–formal educational initiative can be highly successful in improving teacher competence and student learning in the geosciences. They also provide evidence that positive proximal outcomes for the teachers are reflected in the ultimate outcomes for students.
The Option for the Universe of Consumption and the "Efficient Consumer Response" Philosophy

The paper presents new methods of distributing non-food products that undeniably better meet customers’ rationale of purchase than traditional distribution areas. Consequently, the universe of consumption is analysed, a concept that continues to be a vital issue both in the United States and Europe. The analysis was performed through a study that aims to highlight the attempts made in the adoption of innovative retail forms in the apparel industry in Romania and future directions in this field. The need to examine the specific distribution of products in the apparel industry and the state of adoption of the new retail forms in Romania is justified by the increasing number of companies that have developed their own brands without having distribution channels appropriate to the new socio-economic conditions. The study reveals the need for knowledge and awareness of the benefits of marketing the products in the new retail forms, as well as the necessity for consumers to be initiated by distributors in the exploration of the new reinvented sale areas, by designing appropriate consumer universes through the implementation of the ECR philosophy.
Validation of a model of typification of agrarian exploitations by technicals of discriminant analysis

Galicia (no Spain) is an example of agriculture characterized by the existence of a variety land uses, different productive models, dimensional diversity and geographical dispersion of farms, in a highly heterogeneous territory in terms of constraints for farming development. Any action aimed to improve production efficiency in this activity, must fulfill the characterization of the production models, and needs of a methodology for data analysis, and the obtention of technical-economical and financial results based on models developed from representative farms in the various areas. For this reason, a methodology of grouping farms in different types was developed, based on variables from the microdata Agricultural Census, and using a combinatory analysis technique subject to constraints. In this paper, is described the validation process of this methodology by applying Discriminant Analysis techniques on population census of commercial Dairy farms in Galicia, using characterizing variables of production systems.
Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger: Towards a Coherent Policy Agenda

Alleviating hunger and poverty has been and continues to be the pre-dominant policy challenge facing global and national decision makers. This paper argues that policy interventions for addressing this challenge should be designed in the context of emerging global, regional and national trends. This paper discusses four major trends that are shaping the future food economy and consequently the prospects for meeting the hunger and poverty goals. These trends are: i) rapid urbanisation in the developing world and its impact on food markets; ii) increasing integration of global food markets through trade; iii) deterioration of natural resource base and the degradation of the global and local commons; and iv) rising transactions costs in the acquisition and use of science and technology for development.
Challenges and Opportunities in Produced Water and Drilling Waste Treatment Techniques to Mitigate the Adverse Environmental Impacts

In 2012, the oil and gas wells in the United States generated 21.2 billion barrels of produced water (PW) [1]. The PW is the aqueous liquid phase of the mixture of oil and/or gas drilled from producing wells, which contains a number of contaminants, typically BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes). The Water-to-Oil Ratio (WOR) in the mixture is about three on average globally, significantly varying over the lifetime of a field, increasing from a small portion to more than ten. The composition of the PW is complex and site-specific and a function of the geological formation, the oil and water chemistry, rock/fluid interactions, the type of production, and required additives for oil-production-related activities [2]. The PW has become the most waste stream from oil and gas industry. Ninety-seven percent of the PW is generated by the onshore wells and only three percent by offshore platforms. The oil and gas wells in the State of Texas contribute to more than one third of the total PW in the United States. Meanwhile, a considerable amount of waste has been co-produced during drilling, mainly excavated material or cuttings from the borehole and added drilling fluids.
ON THE REDSHIFT OF THE VERY HIGH ENERGY BLAZAR 3C 66A

As a bright gamma-ray source, 3C 66A is of great interest to the high-energy astrophysics community, having a potential for placing cosmological constraints on models for the extragalactic background light (EBL) and the processes which contribute to this photon field. No firm spectroscopic redshift measurement has been possible for this blazar due to a lack of intrinsic emission and absorption features in optical spectra. We present new far-ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) of the BL Lac object 3C 66A covering the wavelength range 1132–1800 Å. The data show a smooth continuum with intergalactic medium absorption features which can be used to place a firm lower limit on the blazar redshift of z ⩾ 0.3347. An upper limit is set by statistically treating the non-detection of additional absorbers beyond z = 0.3347, indicating a redshift of less than 0.41 at 99% confidence and ruling out z ⩾ 0.444 at 99.9% confidence. We conclude by showing how the redshift limits derived from the COS spectra remove the potential for this gamma-ray emitting blazar to place an upper limit on the flux of the EBL using high energy data from a flare in 2009 October.
A Decoupling Two-Grid Method for the Steady-State Poisson-Nernst-Planck Equations

Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations are widely used to describe the electrodiffusion of ions in a solvated biomolecular system. Two kinds of two-grid finite element algorithms are proposed to decouple the steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations by coarse grid finite element approximations. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show the efficiency and effectiveness of the two-grid algorithms for solving Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations.
Finding a Work-integrated Learning Strategy that Enhances the Employability of Graduates of South African Universities of Technology: A Research Agenda

Abstract A strategy refers to a plan to achieve a major goal. An important goal of South Africa’s Department of Higher Education (DHET) is to ensure that higher education institutions (HEIs) produce a steady flow of ‘ready for employment’ or ‘work-ready’ graduates. Universities of Technology (UoTs) offer a vocation-oriented curriculum. To prepare work-ready graduates, UoTs include a compulsory work-integrated learning (WIL) component in the curriculum. The expectation is that through WIL, learners will acquire the necessary practical experience to become ‘work-ready’ thereby enhancing the likelihood that they will be employed when they graduate. WIL is, therefore, a strategy for enhancing the learners’ employability graduation. WIL can be financially and nonfinancially demanding, therefore, UoTs have been searching for innovative ways to implement curricula in a costeffective manner without compromising quality and effectiveness. In this paper, the researchers outline a research agenda that can be used by South African UoTs to identify a sustainable WIL strategy.
Prompt atmospheric neutrinos and muons: NLO versus LO QCD predictions

We compare the leading and next-to-leading order QCD predictions for the flux of atmospheric muons and neutrinos from decays of charmed particles. We find that the full NLO lepton fluxes can be approximated to within {approx}10% by the Born-level fluxes multiplied by an overall factor of 2.2-2.4, which depends slightly on the PDF. This supports the approach of Thunman, Ingelman and Gondolo. We also find that their very low lepton fluxes are due to the mild slope they used for the gluon distribution function at small momentum fractions, and that substantially larger lepton fluxes result when the slope of the gluon distribution function at small momentum fractions is larger. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Blind M-FSK Modulation in the ISI Channel

Channel estimation has received considerable attention over the years for its contribution to more reliable signal decoding. General wireless communication environment would cause multi-path fading for signals that propagate through them. Multi-path fading has two major effects on the system; causing inter symbol interference (ISI) and reshaping signal constellation. Estimating the channel would enable us to combat these two effects. Channel estimation can be done either blindly or with the help of training sequences. In this thesis, we propose a new blind channel estimation technique for M-FSK modulation systems. Our method can decrease the effect of signal reshaping and thus decreasing the probability of error. It also has the ability to track the channel variations in a timevariant environment. In our method, an initial estimation is assumed as the channel impulse response. Utilizing this channel, received signals are demodulated and decoded. Based on output of the demodulator, a new estimation is generated for the channel. Consequently, a new output can be produced by exploiting the new channel estimate. This process can be done iteratively n times to reach the minimum possible probability of error.
A Critique on the Application of the Principle of Subsidiarity Concerning Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in South Africa

Researchers from all around the world emphasize on the enormous possible benefits that stem cells may have for the treatment of diseases. However, this technology is considered morally problematic when the source of the stem cell is from a human embryo. Nonetheless, there is a consensus that of all the types of stem cells, hESC (human embryonic stem cells) are the most promising for particular and important research and therapies. Yet, there are controversial issues regarding the “killing” of the human embryo for stem cell derivation. There are two general ethical conditions that should govern the instrumental use of embryo. One of them, the principle of subsidiarity, which is defined as “a state we have that we have to choose the less contentious means of achieving the intended goal”. Based on this principle, we ought only to use hESC when there are no other alternatives, which are less morally controversially. Subsidiarity is based on the assumption that there is something ethically unsound about the use of hESC. However, this principle only makes sense if it is based on consistently upheld views of the moral status of embryo, moreover, the law should also not limit or prohibit hESC research based on this principle. In this paper, I argue—using the South African law for hESC technology—that criterion for deciding which type of stem cells to use should be based on their potential and suitability for advancing scientific knowledge and development of new therapies which will be greatly beneficial in alleviating human suffering.
A Wimedia Compliant CMOS RF Power Amplifier for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Transmitter

A WiMedia compliant CMOS RF power amplifler (PA) for ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitter in the 3.1 to 4.8GHz band is presented in this paper. The proposed two-stage PA employs a cascode topology on the flrst stage as driver while the second stage is a simple common source (CS) amplifler. In order to improve the e-ciency and output power, the output impedance of the driver amplifler (flrst stage) is optimized so that it falls on the source-pull contours of the second stage amplifler. On-wafer measurement on the fabricated prototype showed a maximum power gain of +15:8dB, 0.6dB gain ∞atness, +11:3dBm of output 1dB gain compression and up to a maximum of 17.3% power added e-ciency (PAE) at 4GHz using a 50› load termination, while consuming only 25.7mW from a 1.8V supply voltage. Measurement results obtained are used to create a non-linear power-dependent S-parameter (P2D) model for wideband input and output matching optimizations and co-simulations with the UWB modulated test signals. Using the created P2D model, the PA achieved a maximum output channel power of +3:48dBm with an error vector magnitude (EVM) of i23:1dB and complied with the WiMedia mask speciflcations.
Minimization of Retrieval Time During Software Reuse

Software reuse refers to the development of software using existing software. Reuse of software can help reduce software development time and overall cost. Retrieval of relevant software from the repository during software reuse can be time consuming if the repository contains many projects, and/or the retrieval process is computationally expensive. This paper describes pre-filtering, which is a method of minimizing retrieval time during software reuse. Pre-filtering can be applied while reusing object-oriented software, whose requirement specifications contain Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams. Pre-filtering involves quickly identifying a subset of repository projects which are potentially similar to a query model. The candidate projects are subsequently compared with the query during retrieval to determine their actual degree of similarity to the query. The query and repository projects are represented by n-dimensional feature vectors, where each feature is a metric which provides a quantitative measure of properties of a software project. Experimental results show that the proposed technique leads to a significant reduction in retrieval time, even though it causes a slight decrease in mean average precision. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v34i2. 25
The Effects of Facebook on Egyptian Students' Social Well-being

The number of internet users is growing rapidly, as a result of internet new technology. Some of the users can be listed as media researchers, academicians, university students and the general public. The use of social network sites (SNS) such as Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, and twitter grew faster among Egyptian youth. The findings of 2009 research titled "the use of Arab youth in the Egyptian Universities" stresses that (65.3%) use Facebook. The intensity of using Facebook, showed some concerns about the impact of the online community on their well being, especially, more than (50%) from the Egyptian youth used Facebook when they felt depressed or lonely [1].
Wavelength Estimation Method Based on Radon Transform and Image Texture

In order to overcome the shortcoming of poor accuracy and non-serious intuitivism of traditional wavelength calculation method in serious noise, a revised Radon transform algorithm is proposed by using a straight-line instead of using the wave’s texture approximately applied to wavelength estimation. Firstly, Radon transform of the radar image is analyzed. Then, to obtain its fitting straight line combined with wave texture, the distance is calculated between straight lines to get the wavelength. Finally, the algorithm is programmed with Matlab on PC. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the estimation accuracy of the wavelength with good visibility.