Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Material gain of InGaAs/GaAs quantum well-dots

We study material gain of a novel type of quantum heterostructures of mixed (0D/2D) dimensionality referred to as quantum well-dots (QWDs). To evaluate the material gain in a broad range of injection currents (30–1200 A cm−2 per-layer) we studied edge-emitting lasers with various numbers of InGaAs/GaAs QWD layers in the active region and different waveguide designs. The dependence of the material gain on the current is well fitted by an empirical exponential equation similar to the one used for quantum dots (QDs) in the whole range of injection current densities. The estimated QWD transparency current-density-per-layer of 31 A cm−2 ranks between the values reported for quantum wells and QDs. The maximal QWD material gain as high as 1.1⋅104 cm−1 has been measured. The results obtained confirm specific gain properties of InGaAs QWDs making them promising active media for lasers, superluminescence diodes and optical amplifiers.
Rabot, sécateur, téléphérique : interroger la pertinence des choix lexicaux dans les outils d’évaluation du langage en orthophonie

Dans le cadre de la detection de pathologies du langage, les competences linguistiques sont le plus souvent evaluees au travers de tests ancres dans des situations formelles pour evaluer le langage des patients et poser un diagnostic. Or, on peut s’interroger sur la pertinence du contenu de ces epreuves, proposees pour apprecier un niveau linguistique. Par exemple, pour evaluer les competences lexico-semantiques en production orale, une epreuve de denomination d’items est generalement proposee au patient. Mais tres peu d’informations sur les caracteristiques de ces items et la facon dont ils ont ete choisis sont fournies dans les manuels d’utilisation desdits tests. On peut pourtant s’interroger sur leur representativite et leur pertinence. Nous presentons une etude exploratoire articulee autour de trois axes : un inventaire des items lexicaux utilises dans differents tests de langage pour des enfants de 4;06 a 8 ans ; une liste de frequence des formes produites et entendues par les enfants dans des situations naturelles ; une comparaison des resultats obtenus lors des deux premieres phases de l’etude, visant a relever la correspondance ou non des formes et de leur frequence dans les tests de langage et dans les corpus d’interactions et a mener une reflexion sur la pertinence ou non des choix d’items lexicaux.
Development of a Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complex for Improving Water Solubility and Reducing Skin Sensitivity of Salicylic Acid

The present work reports on complexation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) with salicylic acid (SA) by vacuum evaporation and inclusion behavior confirmed by FT-IR, OM and SEM. Complex stoichiometry, release mechanism and skin sensitivity were evaluated. The results showed that SA could be encapsulated into cyclodextrin at the ratio of 1:1. Negative values of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes indicated a feasible, spontaneous and exothermic process. Release studies evidenced a burst release in first 2 h, followed by a sustained release and the release rate was temperature-dependent. Furthermore, an improved water solubility and significant reduced irritation effect of SA could be obtained by HP-β-CD.
‘Lean on me’: an integrative literature review on the middle management role in lean

Leadership makes or breaks a lean transformation while mismanagement at the middle management level is likely to impede lean sustainability in particular. Although the role of leadership is widely acknowledged in lean, the middle management role remains fragmented in the literature with a limited focus to date. Taking this into account, the purpose of this paper is to gain a holistic view of the middle management role in lean and its influence on organisational transformation. An integrated literature review methodology was adopted to develop an integrated, conceptual model of the middle management role in lean. The results demonstrate that middle managers are protagonists in lean evolution and indispensable for sustainable success. In acting as cultural change agents, middle managers promote continuous improvement and conduce the transition towards a lean organisation through managerial push and soft lean evolvement, shaping and maintaining a continuous improvement-orientated culture by engaging, inspiring and enthusing the wider workforce. The integrative literature review contributes with a six-point integrative, conceptual model of the middle management role in lean, including policy deployment, leader standard work, continuous improvement promotion, self-development, coaching and gemba walks.
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: A review

During orthodontic treatment it is crucial to prevent the unintentional movement of the anchorage unit whilst causing movement of other teeth. Conventional methods of anchorage control came along with many shortcomings. The introduction of skeletal anchorage in the form of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) or miniscrews has greatly benefited orthodontists in finding a way of anchorage control with minimum patient compliance and without a complicated clinical insertion and removal procedures. This review article outlines about the types of TADs, parts, techniques of insertion and removal and its clinical applications in orthodontics.
Mapping and characterization of Ijede community - A semi-urban population in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos, Nigeria

Demographic and health surveys provide household level data on population dynamics and health-related issues. Findings from a well characterized community can be used by relevant stakeholders to plan appropriate and acceptable health interventions for the benefit of the citizens. This project aimed to characterize Ijede community in Ikorodu LGA of Lagos State, Nigeria in preparation for a more appropriate Demographic and Health Surveillance System (DHSS) in the community. The study carried out a cross-sectional study in Ijede community in Lagos State. Buildings and structures in the community were mapped, a census of the community taken, socio-demographic details of household heads obtained, availability of water, sanitation and hygiene, and other facilities assessed. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of data. The population of the community was 8,208 persons in 2,171 households with a male-female ratio of 1:1. About half of the populations (47.4%) were aged less than 20 years. Majority of household heads were males (72.4%), aged 40-59 years (43.0%), retail traders (25.8%), and married (68.8%). Multifarious tenement buildings constituted majority of buildings. The major source of water supply is the borehole (59.6%) and the water is not purified in 60.0% of cases. The flush toilet constitutes majority of toilet facilities but 15.4% are still uncovered pit latrines. Ijede community has been characterized, with a population of 8,208 and key demographic parameters obtained, thus providing required baseline for the establishment of a DHSS in this community. Key words: Mapping, demographic, surveillance, health, population.
Oxygen partial pressure influenced stoichiometry, structural, electrical, and optical properties of DC reactive sputtered hafnium oxide films

HfO2 films have been deposited on quartz and p‐type Si (100) substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique by sputtering of hafnium target at different oxygen partial pressures. Variation of cathode potential with oxygen partial pressure was systematically studied. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on chemical composition, crystallographic structure, and optical properties of HfO2 films was systematically investigated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis were employed to determine the chemical composition. The films formed at oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10−4 Torr were of stoichiometric HfO2. X‐ray diffractometer studies revealed that the films formed at 5 × 10−4 Torr were weakly crystallized with monoclinic structure. Optical bandgap of the HfO2 films increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure. Metal oxide semiconductor structures with configuration of Al/HfO2/p‐Si were fabricated and studied its dielectric and electrical properties. From these studies, it is confirmed that HfO2 film‐based metal oxide semiconductor devices formed at an optimum oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10−5 Torr showed dielectric constant of 13 with leakage current density of 4.7 × 10−7 A/cm2.
The effects of interactive E-learning on delirium recognition ability and delirium-related strain of care among critical care nurses

Background Nursing care for patients with delirium is very complex and stressful and is associated with considerable care strain for nurses. Delirium recognition is the first step to the prevention and management of delirium and reduction of strain of care. Education is one of the strategies for improving nurses’ delirium recognition ability. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of interactive E-learning on delirium recognition ability and delirium-related strain of care among critical care nurses. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 using a two-group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 98 critical care nurses recruited through a census from two hospitals in Iran. They were non-randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Study intervention was an interactive E-learning program with four parts on delirium, its prevention, its treatment, and its diagnostic and screening procedures. The program was uploaded on a website and its link was provided to participants in the intervention group. Before and two months after the intervention, data were collected using the Strain of Care for Delirium Index and five case vignettes. For data analysis, the Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, independent-sample t, and paired-sample t tests were performed usingthe SPSS software (v. 16.0). Findings Groups did not significantly differ from each other regarding the pretest mean scores of delirium recognition ability and strain of care. After the intervention, the mean score of delirium recognition ability in the intervention group was significantly greater and the mean score of strain of care was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Interactive E-learning is effective in significantly improving critical care nurses’ delirium recognition ability and reducing their strain of care. As nurses’ heavy workload and limited free time are among the main barriers to their participation in face-to-face educational programs, interactive E-learning can be used for in-service education.
Examining spring phenological responses to temperature variations during different periods in subtropical and tropical China

Using ground observed Melia azedarach budburst, first leaf unfolding, and first flowering dates and daily mean temperature data (1981 to 2014) at 37 stations in China's subtropical and tropical zones, we identified the positive and negative temperature effects on spring phenology from winter and spring, and their spatial and seasonal variations. Then, we grouped the spatial variations into temperature effect phases. Lastly, we examined relationships between mean temperature during the positive effect phase and effective accumulated temperature during the negative effect phase. Results show that Melia azedarach spring phenology is positively influenced (delayed) by preseason winter temperatures and negatively influenced (advanced) by preseason spring temperatures. The negative spring temperature effect on the three phenophases was detected at all stations, while the positive winter temperature effect was apparent only at 51%–78% of stations. The number of stations with the positive winter temperature effect is larger in colder areas and for earlier occurring phenophases, and smaller in warmer areas and for later occurring phenophases. In addition, either negative responses of spring phenology to spring temperature or positive responses of spring phenology to winter temperature are more sensitive at warmer locations than colder locations. Further analyses indicate that the lower the mean temperature during the positive winter temperature effect phase at a specific station, the less the effective accumulated temperature needed for budburst, first leaf unfolding, and first flowering during the negative spring temperature effect phase at the same station. This implies that effective accumulated temperature during the negative effect phase depends on temperature status during the positive effect phase. Our study highlights that the interannual variation of Melia azedarach spring phenology is triggered by the net interaction impacts of winter and spring temperatures.
Influence of Complex Refractive Index on Diffuse Reflection of Biological Tissues

Complex refractive indices are introduced to solve various boundary questions at the interfaces when modelling light migration within heterogeneous tissues. Combined with the complex refractive index, Fresnel's formulaeare used to describe the reflection and transmission at the interfaces between two heterogeneous tissues layers.Using the Monte Carlo method, the influence of the complex refractive index on diffuse reflection of semi-infinite biological tissues is discussed. The results show that neglecting the imaginary part of the refractive index of tissues will bring a major deviation in the diffuse reflection of semi-infinite biological tissues when its emitting point is apart from the incident point.
Design and performance of a transformer-coupled double resonant quadrature birdcage coil for localized proton and phosphorus spectroscopy in the human calf muscle at 7 T

One of the major advantages of high field magnets is the increased signal-to-noise and spectral resolution for in vivo localized spectroscopy. In muscle studies, for example, the combination of proton and heteronuclear spectroscopy allows quantification of lipid content, fiber orientation, and cellular metabolic status. For clinical utilization it is important that spectra can be acquired in relatively short acquisition times for patient comfort and minimizing the effects of motion. Radiofrequency coils should ideally be fixed tuned and have relatively small effects with loading. Here, the design process and performance of a transformer-coupled double-tuned quadrature proton/phosphorus birdcage coil is described. The resulting coil is highly load-independent in terms of tuning, and despite the intrinsic reduced proton sensitivity compared to a single-tuned coil, clinically useful proton and phosphorus spectra can be acquired in a total time of less than 30 min. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 42A: 155–164, 2013.
Ultraviolet-B radiation induces cell death in root tips and reprograms metabolism in Arabidopsis

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation inhibits root system growth, however, the influence of UV-B radiation on the regulation of root development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of UV-B radiation on root growth and metabolism in Arabidopsis using physiological, pharmacological, and transcriptome approaches. Our previous study has demonstrated that UV-B radiation depresses auxin accumulation in roots by reducing auxin biosynthesis, transport, and response. In this study, we found that UV-B radiation inhibited primary root (PR) growth by inducing root tip cell death and thereby disrupting cell division and elongation in root tips. The destructed root structure and distorted auxin flow caused by UV-B-induced root tip cell death also led to a reduced auxin accumulation in roots. Supplementation with an auxin α-naphthylacetic acid alleviated UV-B-repressed PR growth and further supported a notion that auxin is involved in UV-Brepressed PR growth. The UV-B radiation downregulated the expression of genes encoding the enzymes or regulators of the biosyntheses and degradations of the structural constituents of cell wall and genes involved in wax, cutin, and suberin biosyntheses, thereby repressing root system growth and development. The UV-B radiation also markedly repressed photosynthesis-related gene expression in roots, a non-photosynthetic organ. Taken together, this study suggests that UV-B radiation affects root growth by inducing cell death in root tips and reprogramming metabolism in roots. Additional key words: endogenous auxin flow, gene expression, α-naphthylacetic acid application, primary root growth. Submitted 2 April 2020, last revision 27 July 2020, accepted 19 August 2020. Abbreviations: ANAC032 NAC domain containing protein 32; bZIP60 basic region/leucine zipper motif 60; Col-0 Columbia-0; CYCs cell cycle regulators cyclins; DAPI 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEGs differentially expressed genes; DIN2 dark inducible 2; GO gene ontology; IBS1 BABA-induced sterility 1; MYB2 myeloblastosis domain protein 2; NAA α-naphthylacetic acid; PCD programmed cell death; PI propidium iodide; PR primary root; ROS reactive oxygen species; SRA Short Read Archive; UV-B ultraviolet-B; WOX WUSCHEL-related homeobox. Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the Central Laboratory of the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden for providing research facilities. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0501901), the China National Natural Sciences Foundation (31772383), the Basic Research Program of Qinghai Province (2019-ZJ-7033), and the Qinghai innovation platform construction project: Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area (2017-ZJ-Y20). * Corresponding authors; e-mails: zhangping2@xtbg.ac. cn; wangyb02@126.com This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Licence
Revisiting gradient wind balance in tropical cyclones using dropsonde observations

This study diagnoses the degree of gradient wind balance (GWB) in dropsonde observations of 30 tropical cyclones (TCs) divided into 91 intense observation periods. The diagnosed GWB in these observation periods are composited to investigate which characteristics of a TC are significantly related to departures from GWB. This analysis confirms that on average the flow above the boundary layer is approximately in GWB. Supergradient flow is more common near the radius of maximum wind (RMW) in the upper boundary layer than above in the free troposphere or outside the RMW and is also more common in strong storms than in weak storms. In contrast, the degree of GWB does not differ between intensifying, steady‐state and weakening storms. Storms with a peaked wind profile have a higher probability of showing supergradient winds than those with a flat wind profile. The comparison of two commonly used functions to fit observations shows that the diagnosing GWB from dropsonde observations is highly dependent on the analysis technique. The agradient wind magnitude and even sign is shown to depend on which of these functions is used to fit the observations. The use of a polynomial fit consistently diagnoses the presence of supergradient winds far more frequently than a piece‐wise function, and also shows a marked degree of imbalance above the boundary layer. Therefore, caution is warranted when determining the degree of GWB with a polynomial fit.
Fatores sustentáveis que contribuem as organizações como vantagem competitiva: uma revisão da literatura.

A pressão para adotar comportamentos ambientalmente responsáveis motiva as empresas a iniciar práticas sustentaveis, as quais impactam os seus pilares econômico, social e ambiental. Os esforços para além dos requisitos legislativos justificados pela redução potencial de custos, juntamente com a necessidade de pensamento baseado em riscos, apoiam os investimentos em projetos sustentáveis. Este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma revisão da literatura, com intuito de identificar os fatores sustentáveis mais utilizados nas empresas, como forma de prover vantagem competitiva para as organizações. Diante da análise de 50 artigos, seis fatores destacaram-se como poteciais alavancadores de vantagem competitiva para as organizações, verificando sua importância para os tomadores de decisão no gerenciamento de projetos, dando-lhes ferramentas para poder liderar e gerenciar suas atividades e processos estratégicos.
Influence of Prednisolone and Alendronate on the de novo Mineralization of Zebrafish Caudal Fin

Dysregulated balance between bone resorption and formation mediates the onset and progression of osteoporosis. The administration of prednisolone is known to induce osteoporosis, whereas alendronate is commonly used to reverse the process. However, the assessment of the effects of such medicines on the nanostructure of bone remodeling and mechanical properties remains a major technical challenge. The aim of this study was to apply various analytical approaches to evaluate the compositional, morphological, and mechanical properties of regenerative zebrafish caudal fin bony rays affected by prednisolone and alendronate. Adult wild‐type AB strain zebrafish were first exposed to 125μM of prednisolone for 14 days to develop glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis. Fish fins were then amputated and let to regenerate for 21 days in tank water containing 30μM of alendronate or no alendronate. The lepidotrichia in the proximal and distal regions were evaluated separately using confocal microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron‐dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and a triboindenter. As expected, prednisolone led to significant osteoporotic phenotypes. A decrease of Ca/P ratio was observed in the osteoporotic subjects (1.46 ± 0.04) as compared to the controls (1.74 ± 0.10). Subsequent treatment of alendronate overmineralized the bony rays during regeneration. Enhanced phosphate deposition was detected in the proximal part with alendronate treatment. Moreover, prednisolone attenuated the reduced elastic modulus and hardness levels (5.60 ± 5.04 GPa and 0.12 ± 0.17 GPa, respectively), whereas alendronate recovered them to the pre‐amputation condition (8.68 ± 8.74 GPa and 0.34 ± 0.47 GPa, respectively). As an emerging model of osteoporosis, regrowth of zebrafish caudal fin was shown to be a reliable assay system to investigate the various effects of medicines in the de novo mineralization process. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.