Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
6-Ostergaard & Meyrowitsch.pmd

This paper describes the effect of parental HIV on the life of children in Benin. A total of 2,043 children aged from 10 to 16 were surveyed on health, diet, violence, school attendance and psychosocial state. The results indicate that, while Beninese children who have had a parent living with HIV are not necessarily subjected to different economic and material conditions than those who have not, they do experience a much greater lack of psychosocial support. In contrast to children whose parents are not known to have HIV, these affected children are less prone to general illness (OR=0.69, 95 per cent CI 0.55-0.86). However, when they are sick, HIV-affected children are significantly more likely to undertake self-treatment (OR=1.38; 95 per cent CI 1.04-1.86) and more likely to work (OR=1.65, 95 per cent CI 1.04-2.60). They are also offered fewer meals than unaffected children (OR=1.94; 95 per cent CI 1.52-2.47). With respect to psychosocial factors, the data suggest that children who have had a parent with HIV have significantly higher levels of psychological distress than those who have not. Governments and civil society organisations need to address not only the material deprivation, especially hunger, of children thus affected by HIV, but also their need for social services.
Survey-data Estimates of the R&D Depreciation Rate

This paper presents estimates of the R&D depreciation rate using survey data on Australian inventions. Its novelty is twofold. First, it relies on direct observation of the revenue streams of inventions. This is in sharp contrast with previous studies which all rely on models based on indirect observation and require strong identifying assumptions. Second, it presents estimates of the effect of patent protection on the depreciation rate. We find that the yearly depreciation rate varies between 1 and 5 per cent, although as much as 40 per cent of the decline in value occurs within the first two years. We further find that patent protection slows down the erosion of profits by about 1–2 percentage points.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Potential Pathogenicity Effectors of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Causal Agent of Citrus Huanglongbing

Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening is currently the most important citrus disease, caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The impossibility of isolating it causes understanding its pathogenic mechanisms to be a complicated task. Recent studies identified 16 proteins with the signal peptide needed to be secreted in the plant and cause the disease. The present study aims to perform a bioinformatic analysis of these proteins with the function prediction approach by gene ontology (GO) and the detection of conserved domains. It was observed that of the 16 proteins analyzed not all are found in different infective strains reported in the literature. The GO analysis allowed us to relate different proteins with the biological process of energy and pathogenic activity, especially CLIBASIA_03315 and CLIBASIA_05115, respectively. The domain analysis allowed the observation of a β-CA domain, tentatively related to the damage caused to the chloroplast and a PAAR domain associated with the T6SS secretory system. Our results provide information on the possible function of potential pathogenicity effectors in CLas.
Phytochemicals, Nutritional Value, Antioxidant, and Anticoagulant Activity of Lactuca sativa L. Leaves and Stems

The main ingredient in the daily salad dish is the leaves of Lactuca sativa, while the stems are usually discarded and not eaten. This study was conducted to compare the stems and leaves of two selected L. sativa varieties (L. sativa var. longifolia L. and L. sativa var. capitata L.) related to the preliminary phytochemical investigation, nutrient content, DPPH assay, and in vitro anticoagulant activity by determination of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The findings revealed almost the same phytoconstituents in the leaves and stems of each variety, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, and others. Exceptionally, tannins have only been detected in the leaves. Compared to the stems, the leaves of both varieties showed statistically significantly higher levels of raw protein and raw fat. For the DPPH assay, the leaves of both varieties have a statistically significantly higher antioxidant activity than the stems. The leaves and stem extract of the two selected varieties showed a significant prolongation of PT (P <0.05 vs. NS= 12:30 s). On the other hand, the aPTT test showed a significant increase in aPTT (P <0.05 vs. NS = 32:44 s) in the stem extract of both varieties, whereas there was no statistically significant increase in aPTT in the leaves of both varieties. Both parts of each variety have a diversity of phytochemicals and nutrients. The leaves of both varieties have a higher antioxidant activity than the stems. While the stems had higher anticoagulant activity than the leaves.
Obstruction Of Information Transfer By Locality In Majorana Systems

We consider a finite Majorana system composed of two separately localised subsystems. Due to locality we find that neither non-classical correlations nor both subsystems exhibiting unpaired Majorana fermions, analogue to the Kitaev model [1], pairing up, are sufficient to establish communication between the subsystems. We further present a parity based teleportation protocol in the formalism of Majorana fermions which can be implemented in a transport setup of two quantum dots and a nano-wire. Recently both subjects have attracted a lot of attention, since Majorana wires are potential basic elements of a topological quantum computer [2, 3, 4, 5]. We record the obstruction of communication in a theorem whose proof is based on a complete set of observables argument. As a motivation, we examine communication within a generic Majorana system using numerical methods. The more subtle structure of the system is exposed in the system dynamics with Majorana fermions, which we use to show, that a canonical communication protocol fails. Regarding teleportation, the proposition for the teleportation protocol depends on whether or not parity measurements of particular subsystems can be implemented. It remains an open question if the locality constraint allows to chose from a sufficient amount of degrees of freedom to implement a suitable projection from the parity of the entire system upon the parity of a subsystem.
SALINITY AND DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE OF SOME PLANT SPECIES OF THAR DESERT, PAKISTAN: IMPLICATIONS IN BIO-SALINE AGRICULTURE

Salinity and drought are twin menaces that have major influence on the sustainability of agriculture, especially in rainfed areas of Pakistan. Therefore, to evaluate the influence of salinity and drought two pot studies were conducted to compare the salinity (study-1) and drought (study-2) stress tolerance of four common indigenous species of desert plants. The species included in both experiments were Prosopis cineraria (Kandi), Acacia senegal (Kumbhat), Salvadora oleoides (Jar) and Tecomela undulata (Rohera). Seeds of all four species were hydro-primed, placed on blotting paper and adjusted in Petri dishes, treated with 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1.0 % NaCl solution and raised on full strength Hoagland solution. In second study, seeds were placed in plastic trays having 200g acid-washed river bed sand, supplied with Hoagland solution at 5, 8, 12, 16 and 20 % moisture level. Both the experiments were conducted under controlled conditions (25 ± 2C temperature and 70±04% relative humidity) for six weeks. The results obtained from the study indicated that increasing salinity decreased various growth traits and biomass production of all four species. Both salinity and drought stresses enhanced leaf Na content in all four species, while the drought stress caused reduction in osmotic pressure and chlorophyll content in green leaves. Nonetheless, wide variation existed among species for their tolerance to salinity S. oleoides > P. cineraria. A. Senegal > T. undulata and drought stress as S. oleoides > T. undulate > P. cineraria > A. senegal. The study concluded that Jar possessed dual potential to tolerate harsh environment caused by salinity and drought, simultaneously and appeared to be the potential plant species for bio-saline agriculture.
OP-BRAI190145 1858..1875

MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image interpretation and application of MRI diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis. Some diseases, now recognized as conditions distinct from multiple sclerosis, may satisfy the MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis (e.g. neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Susac syndrome), thus making the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis more challenging, especially if biomarker testing (such as serum anti-AQP4 antibodies) is not informative. Improvements in MRI technology contribute and promise to better define the typical features of multiple sclerosis lesions (e.g. juxtacortical and periventricular location, cortical involvement). Greater understanding of some key aspects of multiple sclerosis pathobiology has allowed the identification of characteristics more specific to multiple sclerosis (e.g. central vein sign, subpial demyelination and lesional rims), which are not included in the current multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. In this review, we provide the clinicians and researchers with a practical guide to enhance the proper recognition of multiple sclerosis lesions, including a thorough definition and illustration of typical MRI features, as well as a discussion of red flags suggestive of alternative diagnoses. We also discuss the possible place of emerging qualitative features of lesions which may become important in the near future.
Magnetization net moment recovery with help of Fourier and Kelvin transforms

Such a weird characterization of the rectangle is only for the sake of introducing a parameter measuring its linear size. In fact, the presented results will remain true for any bounded set localized near the origin. To be consistent with other notation, we would need to denote it as B3 (x, x3), however, we will still go with more physical Bz (x, x3). We use the following convention for the Fourier transform: f̂ (k) = F [f ] (k) = ̃ R2 e 2πi(k1x1+k2x2)f (x) dx1dx2.
OPTIMAL ASSET-ALLOCATION WITH MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND LABOR INCOME UNCERTAINTY

This paper analyzes optimal asset-allocation strategies over the life-cycle of an individual by taking into account both: the labor income risk profile of the individual, and the macroeconomic dynamics of the assets included in the portfolio. Changes on the states of the economy are characterized by a discrete-time, discrete-space Markov chain aiming to capture the dynamics of the market. Since the dynamics of the financial market affects the labor income of the individual, labor income risk is characterized by the correlation level it exists between the market and the labor income process. Under this model, the optimal asset-allocation problem is solved numerically by backwards induction. Numerical simulations show that the traditional advice of “hold stocks during the early years and gradually change them to bonds as the individual gets older”, is not optimal when the labor income of the individual is imperfectly correlated to the market and/or the economy exhibits change of regimes. These results should be considered when designing pension plans.
Vegetation Types and Diversity Patterns of Pinus densiflora Forests in South Korea

Pine (Pinus densiflora) forests of 315 sites were classified by applying the phytosociological method, TWINSPAN and DCA (detrended correspondence analysis). The floristic composition and diversity patterns of the vegetation types analyzed and documented. The vegetation types were classified 8 groups including 4 groups of Quercus mongolica type and 4 groups of Quercus serrata-Smilax china type. Taxonomically, Compositae was the most diverse family (21 genus, 45 species) and followed in order of Liliaceae (18 genus, 34 species), Rosaceae (17 genus, 34 species), and Leguminosae (15 genus, 25 species). The patterns of species richness, diveristy and evenness were significantly different among the vegetation types. In altitudinal pattern of species diversity, species richness monotonically decreased but species evenness increased with increasing altitude.
wetland wastewater treatment plant Performance prediction of a constructed

performance of a constructed wetland wastewater treatment plant (CWWTP). The model assesses the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration at outlet of a treatment plant. Training of ANN models was based on experimental results of a pilot plant study in India. The data used in this work were obtained under various hydraulic and BOD loading. Regular records of BOD were made at inlet, and outlet levels through various stages of the treatment process for over 18 months. The ANN-based models were found to provide an efficient and a robust tool in predicting CWWTP performance.
Deviations from Core Prices and Income Inequality in the Arab World

A genetic algorithm is proposed to extract the core trend of inflation in selected countries of the Arab World. The genetic estimator is based on the behavior of a semelparous organism, the Gould Octupus (Octupus Mimus): the females of the octopus mimus stop feeding before spawning and die after reproduction, due to the drastic biochemical alterations and the irreversible structural deterioration of the muscle and the digestive gland. The deviations from the core trend were used to evaluate if short term shocks in prices are drivers of income inequality, as these shocks could have a distributional impact on purchasing power. Bayesian quantile regression was used to test this hypothesis.
Basket option pricing and implied correlation in a Lévy copula model

In this paper we employ the Lévy copula model to determine basket option prices. More precisely, basket option prices are determined by replacing the real basket with an appropriate approximation. For the approximate basket we determine the underlying characteristic function and hence we can derive the related basket option prices by using the Carr-Madan formula. Two approaches are considered. In the first approach, we replace the arithmetic sum by an appropriate geometric sum, whereas the second approach can be considered as a three-moments-matching method. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of our approximations; several Lévy models are calibrated to market data and basket option prices are determined. In a last part we show how our newly designed basket option pricing formula can be used to define implied Lévy correlation by matching model and market prices for basket options. Our main finding is that the implied Lévy correlation smile is flatter than its Gaussian counterpart. Furthermore, if (near) at-the-money option prices are used, the corresponding implied Gaussian correlation estimate is a good proxy for the implied Lévy correlation.
Safety of Artificial Intelligence: A Collaborative Model

Achieving and assuring the safety of systems that use artiﬁcial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML), pose some speciﬁc challenges that require unique solutions. However, that does not mean that good safety and software engineering practices are no longer relevant. This paper shows how the issues associated with AI and ML can be tackled by integrating with established safety and software engineering practices. It sets out a three-layer model, going from top to bottom: sys-tem safety/functional safety; “AI/ML safety”; and safety-critical software engineering. This model gives both a basis for achieving and assuring safety and a structure for collaboration between safety engineers and AI/ML specialists. The model is illustrated with a healthcare use case which uses deep reinforcement learning for treating sepsis patients. It is argued that this model is general and that it should underpin future standards and guidelines for safety of this class of system which employ ML, particularly because the model can facilitate collaboration between the different communities.
Forecasting Stock Market Trend using Machine Learning Algorithms with Technical Indicators

—Stock market prediction is a process of trying to decide the stock trends based on the analysis of historical data. However, the stock market is subject to rapid changes. It is very difficult to predict because of its dynamic & unpredictable nature. The main goal of this paper is to present a model that can predict stock market trend. The model is implemented with the help of machine learning algorithms using eleven technical indicators. The model is trained and tested by the published stock data obtained from DSE (Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh). The empirical result reveals the effectiveness of machine learning techniques with a maximum accuracy of 86.67%, 64.13% and 69.21% for “today”, “tomorrow” and “day_after_tomorrow”.
FEATUREDARTICLE HUARIDELPHIS RAIMONDII, A NEW EARLYMIOCENE SQUALODELPHINIDAE (CETACEA, ODONTOCETI) FROM THE CHILCATAY FORMATION, PERU

The fossil record of odontocetes (toothed cetaceans) is relatively scarce during the Oligocene and early Miocene compared with later in the Miocene and Pliocene; most of the odontocete families from these epochs are known by a limited number of species and specimens. Among those, Squalodelphinidae is a family of smallto medium-sized platanistoids with single-rooted teeth, which until now has included only four genera based on diagnostic material, from the early Miocene of Europe, Argentina, and North America. Recent field work in the Pisco-Ica desert, southern coast of Peru, has resulted in the discovery of several marine vertebrate-rich localities in various levels of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Chilcatay Formation. Based on three specimens from Ullujaya and Zamaca, including two well-preserved skulls with periotics, we describe a new squalodelphinid genus and species, Huaridelphis raimondii. This new species increases the early Miocene diversity of the family and is also its smallest known member. It further differs from other squalodelphinids by its thin antorbital process of the frontal, abruptly tapering rostrum, and higher tooth count. A more fragmentary skull, from Zamaca, is referred to Squalodelphinidae aff. H. raimondii. This skull provides information on the morphology of the tympanic, malleus, and incus, currently unknown in H. raimondii. Focusing on platanistoids with single-rooted teeth, our phylogenetic analysis suggests that Squalodelphinidae are monophyletic and confirms the sister-group relationship between the latter and Platanistidae. The relationships within Squalodelphinidae are not fully resolved, but H. raimondiimight be one of the earliest diverging taxa.
A BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION OF TOXIC ALGAE AND BIO-TOXIN IN THE YANGTZE ESTUARY

There are 13 toxic HABs in the Changjiang estuary and nearby sea areas during 2004 and 2005,the causing species include Alexandrium catenella,Gymnodinium sanguineum,kerina mikimotoi and Heterocapsa circularisquama,in which kerina mikimotoi and Heterocapsa circularisquama had caused a great deal of harm to aquaculture in 2005.According to the seasonl investigation in the Yangtze estuary during 2004 and 2005,there are 10 toxic algae including PSP causing algae(Alexandrium catenella,Alexandrium tamarens),DSP causing algae(Dinophysis caudata,Dinophysis forti),NSP causing algae(Pseudo-Nitzschia pungens,Pseudo-Nitzschia multiseries,Pseudo-Nitzschia multistriata),and other toxic algae(Gymnodinium sangium,kerina mikimotoi,Heterocapsa circularisquama). The species number and abundance of toxic algae are relatively high during Spring and Summer than the other seasons,which is consistent with the contents of PSP and DSP in mollusks in Shenshan.A monitoring scheme of toxic algae and bio-toxin is put forward based on the existing problems due to the harm of red tides caused by toxic algae.
Clone and stress expression analysis of iron superoxide dismutase fromIsatis indigotica

Superoxide dismutase is a scavenger of superoxide anion free radical in vivo.They can effectively prevent reactive oxygen species damage to organism.An iron superoxide dismutase gene was isolated fromIsatis indigotica,and was named as IiFeSOD.The full-length cDNA of IiFeSODcontained a 834bp open reading frame(ORF)and encoded 277amino acids,which might locate in mitchondria.Real-time PCR analysis showed that IiFeSODhad the highest expression in leaves,then in stems,and the least in roots.The expression level of IiFeSODcould be induced by NaCl.Levels of IiFeSODtranscripts could increase at three days after salt stress.However,the expression of IiFeSODfirst increased and then decreased after salt stress at 100mmol/L.Activity of SOD was also induced by NaCl and showed the analogous change rule with gene expression.Studies showed that massive accumulation of SOD was closely related with the stress tolerance of plants.
SACK TCP with Probing Device

This paper describes a modification to the SACK (Selective Acknowledgement) Transmission Control Protocol’s (TCP), called SACK TCP with Probing Device, SACK works in conjunction with Probing Device, for improving SACK TCP performance when more than half a window of data lost that is typical in handoff as well as unreliable media. It shows that by slightly modifying the congestion control mechanism of the SACK TCP, it can be made to better performance to multiple packets lost from one window of data.
HUMOUR PRODUCTION IN CHILDHOOD

Humour is a central feature of social interactions in childhood that has received little attention. In a sample of 86 7-year-old children (M age = 7.82 years, SD = 0.80), we investigated patterns and individual differences in spontaneous humour observed during free play with their older (M age = 9.55 years, SD = 0.88) or their younger sibling (M age = 5.87 years, SD = 0.96). We coded children’s instances, categories, and responses to humour. We investigated the nature of children’s humour on the dyadic and individual level. Humour was common, and siblings’ production of humour was highly interdependent between play partners. Dyadic humour differed according to structural features of the sibling relationship (age, gender composition), and 7-yearold focal children’s humour varied according to gender. This study contributes to knowledge regarding the dyadic nature of children’s humour and individual patterns of humour beyond the preschool years.
Single-sided deafness related to neural vascular conflict: A case report from Saudi Arabia

The impact of single-sided deafness (SSD) is well known, particularly on children. These include difficulties in speech comprehension with background noise, localization, and spatial appreciation. The social and emotional status of the child may be compromised. In addition, parents are keen to understand the etiology and consequences of SSD. Different etiologies are correlated with SSD, and etiology identification is a crucial step toward better management and parent counseling. SSD related to neural vascular conflict (NVC) of the cerebellopontine angle is uncommon. This is the first case, up to my knowledge so far, to be reported in Saudi Arabia. A 13-year-old Saudi girl presented with a history of difficulty in hearing in the left ear, and audiological evaluation demonstrated left-sided profound sensorineural hearing loss. Upon further investigation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left-sided neural vascular conflict of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) loop and the left cochlear nerve. In this case, SSD was related to NVC since clinical history, and other investigations did not justify another cause. This report will embrace the role of audiological and radiological investigation, which in turn will help with management recommendations, and help clinicians in dealing with similar challenges.