Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey on Personal Data Protection During Big Data Time Depending on the Context

The Big Data concept provides a new way to understand and change the world, thus greatly changing people's way of thinking and way of living. With the rapid development of Internet and technology, people are interacting with the world and sharing themselves in everyday life, during which massive personal information is revealed willingly or unwillingly. From Internet of Things (IoT) to Internet of Everything (IoE), from 4G to 5G, unimaginable amount of data will be produced in coming decades. How to ensure the security of our personal data has arisen the concern of government and big enterprises. This paper is an overall analysis of the challenges we faced on personal data protection during the era of big data, which also provides relative solutions depending on different contexts of personal data.
Effect of Maternal Malnutrition and Anemia on the Endocrine Regulation of Fetal Growth

Fetal growth retardation is a result of a complex pathology caused by multiple factors of fetal, placental, and maternal origin. Hormones and growth factors released as a result of maternal‐fetal physiological interactions play an importance role in fetal well being and fetal outcome. Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) is associated with significant perinatal and childhood morbidity. It is estimated that 13.7 million infants are born annually with IUGR, comprising 11% of all births in developing countries. Both maternal malnutrition and anemia are associated with various degrees of fetal growth retardation The relationship between decreasing birth weight percentiles and increasing fetal morbidity and mortality has been demonstrated by several investigators and epidemiological studies suggest that IUGR is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of chronic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and obstructive lung disease in adult life (Barker's Hypothesis). Maternal anemia and/or malnutrition are recognized to be the most frequent cause of IUGR and SGA birth in developing countries like India. In order to investigate adaptive mechanisms by the fetus to overcome the growth disadvantage caused due to maternal nutritional limitations, we examined the quantitative variations in hormonal and growth factor profiles in paired cord blood and maternal samples obtained from neonates born to malnourished and/or anemic mothers. The results of our study show that: 1) The percentage of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates born to malnourished and anemic mothers was significantly higher than those born to mothers who were either malnourished or anemic; 2) Significantly higher levels of GH, PRL, HPL and IGF‐1 were observed in the cord blood of neonates born to malnourished and anemic mothers indicative of an adaptive response on part of the fetus to over come an in‐utero growth disadvantage; 3) The anoxemia‐related fetal perturbations may have unique features that make them distinct from nutrient deficiency‐related IUGR. Thus, these novel observations are relevant to the context of the ongoing scientific debate on Barker's hypothesis.
Investigation of anomalous perturbations in VLF signals and correlation with seismic activity

Prior to earthquakes anomalous perturbations in the ionosphere have either been observed as fluctuations in the F-region critical frequency, foF2, or as deviations in VLF signals. Such phenomena have been recorded up to 6 days before the main shock, making their identification imperative in aiding in earthquake prediction. However, a lack of reproducibility of the events and the large scale effect of solar activity on the ionosphere, isolation of seismogenic signals is difficult. Using narrowband receiver data from Hungary, VLF waves are analyzed to investigate the presence of anomalous perturbations, which are then correlated with seismic activity.
Dielectrophoresis of spermatozoa in viscoelastic medium

Knowledge of spermatozoa motility is important in selecting suitable spermatozoa for assisted reproduction procedures. By considering the internal sliding force within an active filament, its shape in a viscoelastic Oldroyd‐B fluid subjected to nonuniform electric field is presented. The resulting velocity is a function of the beating pattern and DEP force, which is dependent on the spermatozoon's morphology as well as the gradient of the mean square electric field. Finally, the velocities of the X‐ and Y‐spermatozoa are compared under various conditions of nonuniform electric field and viscoelasticity of the medium. The presence of DEP force alters their velocities to different extents, giving an 84% level of confidence for selecting spermatozoon that contains the chromosome leading to a female. Therefore, a nonuniform electric field can be used not only to sort and select spermatozoa of desired morphology, but also for gender selection. Moreover, we found that sorting in a viscoelastic fluid medium is more effective as the effect of DEP on the spermatozoa velocity is enhanced by an order of magnitude.
The epileptogenic focus in temporal lobe epilepsy from a pathological standpoint.

HUGHLINGS JACKSON 1 in 1888 described under the term "uncinate group of fits" a type of focal convulsions which in recent years has come to be known as psychomotor or temporal lobe epilepsy. Lennox 2 characterized this type of seizure by one or another of a triad of symptoms, ie, motor phenomena, automatisms, and subjective psychic states. The pathology of this form of epilepsy developed historically along two main lines of investigation that, at first, seemed unrelated but in recent years have tended to converge. The first line of investigation followed from the discovery in 1889 by Jackson and Beevor. 3 In a patient suffering from uncinate fits, the discovery was made of a tumor situated "in the extreme anterior end of the right temporo-sphenoidal lobe, especially in the front of the uncus containing the nucleus amygdalae. " Later, Jackson was careful to note that the discharging lesions of uncinate
NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS OF SURGICAL PATIENTS

('ases of starvation in the United States a t the middle of the 20th century are largely surgical. Such nutritional deficiencies are rarely due to lack of available foodstuffs in the environment, but rather to a series of conditioned deficiencies in individual patients. Thus, starvation may be conditioned by carcinoma of the esophagus or other obstructing lesions of the alimentary tract. Tt may be due to the rapid growth of a tumor that parasitizes the food supply of the hody. It may he due to overactivity of the endocrine system, with elevation of the basal metabolic rate. Acute infections with fever may step up metabolic requirements, or chronic suppuration may drain away protein, as in the case of surface burns or chronic draining sinuses. Intestinal fistulas may shunt needed nutriment to the outside, or a deficiency of digestive enzymes may permit food to run its course through the alimentary tract unabsorbed and be lost in the feces. Hypermotility with diarrhea may have a similar effect. Such patients pass through a series of screening examinations, and many of them reach our surgical wards in the hope that obstruction can be relieved, fistulas closed, or suppuration controlled. While surgical methods can often help in obtaining these objectives, the immediate effects of preoperative treatment, of operation, and of postoperative care may tend to accentuate these deficits. Furthermore, surgery in itself is a form of trauma, and it often precipitates the catabolic reaction classically described after long bone fracture by Cuthbertson and his associates in 1935.l The first three accompanying tables illustrate some of the nitrogen losses measured and reported in the literature. 1 do not have comparable data for any of the other classes of food. In the first are compiled data on preoperative l o s ~ e s ; ~ ~ in the second, losses of blood during operation; and, in the third, certain estimates of the further losses in the postoperative period. An important aspect of such cases is the interference with the progress of surgical patients that may result from protein deficiency. Examples of this have multiplied, and half a dozen are listed in TABLE 4. ('ertain patients undergoing gastroenterostomy used to develop persistent vomiting due to failure of the new stoma to function. The transfusion of such patients often changed the picture within a few days, so that gastriL emptying was prompt. In the experimental laboratory, Mecray, Barden, and Ravdin'O found a n inverse relationship between the serum protein level of dogs and the gastric emptying time after gastroenterostomy. Furthermow, this finding \vaS no! limited to fresh postoperative animals, but was fouiid to obtain in some operated upon a year earlier and, finally, in nonoperated animals. Roentgenologic observations by Rarden revealed that the effect was not limited to the stomach but was manifested in the small intestine too, where the time for the head of the nater barium meal to pass from the pylorus t o thc cecum was sharply inc reased by hypoproteinemia.
Does Training in Performing a Fit Check Enhance N95 Respirator Efficacy?

Fit testing of respirators has been recommended, legislated, and implemented in many countries. In the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health advocates a fit check, or seal check, before donning a respirator for each fit test. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between respirator fitness and performance of the fit check upon donning a respirator. Eighty-four first-year undergraduate nursing students were selected for this study; they were divided randomly into four groups. None had performed a fit test or fit check before being recruited for this study. The real-time self-developed fit test method was used to measure the ambient air particle concentration outside and inside the respirator. Results showed significant differences between groups trained to perform the fit check and those untrained. The overall fit factors were higher in the two groups trained to perform the fit check. The overall fit factors were lower in the two groups not trained to do the fit check. N95 respirators are designed to form a tight seal against wearers' faces. Each time workers don respirators, they should evaluate proper fit. Training wearers in how to fit check increases the likelihood that they will adjust respirators to proper fit.
Revision Behaviors of Normal and Hearing‐Impaired Children

Children's response to communicative failure was evaluated in terms of linguistic and nonlinguistic behaviors. Six hearing-impaired and six normal-hearing children served as subjects. Each group was comprised of three children at each of Brown's language stages I and 111. Each child was engaged in spontaneous play and received the communicative failure cue “What? ” on 20 occasions. Videorecorded responses were scored as repetitions, revisions, or no responses. Revisions were analyzed and categorized into one of nine categories according to linguistic and nonlinguistic structures. Results revealed that both groups of subjects used linguistic and nonlinguistic information in this revision behavior. However, the two groups differed in their pattern of revision behaviors. The hearing-impaired subjects, unlike the normal-hearing subjects, used less linguistic revision behaviors regardless of language development. Findings showed that the nonlinguistic as well as linguistic information may be important considerations when evaluating language with the hearing impaired.
Internal Variability of Indian Ocean SST

Abstract A 40-yr integration of an eddy-resolving numerical model of the tropical Indian Ocean is analyzed to quantify the interannual variability that is caused by the internal variability of ocean dynamics. It is found that along the equator in the western Indian Ocean internal variability contributes significantly to the observed interannual variability. This suggests that in this location the predictability of SST is limited to the persistence time of SST anomalies, which is approximately 100 days. Furthermore, a comparison with other sources of variability suggests that internal variability may play an important role in modifying the Indian monsoon or preconditioning the Indian Ocean dipole/zonal mode.
Electronic guidance system for the visually impaired — A framework

Ability to move confidently is critical in maximizing independence, regardless of age and with or without existence of other disabilities. Orientation and mobility helps both children and adults to develop and master the concepts and skills which are necessary to move safely and efficiently within their world with confidence. Mobility for the visually impaired is always a great problem. With over 39 million visually impaired people worldwide, the need for one assistive device that allows a user to navigate freely is crucial. The traditional and oldest mobility aids for persons with visual impairments are the walking cane and guide dogs. The important drawbacks of these aids are the requirement of necessary skills, range of motion and little information being conveyed. A stick requires the person to come into close proximity with the obstacle to determine its location. This paper proposes the design and architecture of a new concept of Smart Electronic Guiding Stick for the visually impaired. The proposed combination of various working units makes a realtime system in which guidance will be provided in the form of audio instructions through the headset for both indoor and outdoor environments making navigation more safe and secure.
An electroactive catalytic dynamic substrate that immobilizes and releases patterned ligands, proteins, and cells.

The ability to spatially and temporally control the attachment and detachment of molecules and cells on solid supports is important to research areas ranging from fundamental cell biology to biomaterial development and heterogeneous catalysis. Various approaches have been developed to promote or inhibit cell attachment by altering the macroscopic properties of the materials in situ, including mechanical stretching, photochemical illumination, electrochemical modulation, and thermal activation. Alternatively, other strategies have focused on manipulating the cell–surface interactions at the molecular level by incorporating specific chemistries that can alter ligand presentation for attached cell culture through a noninvasive external switch. To access more sophisticated and complex cell behavior studies, a surface strategy that can dynamically modulate attached cell culture at the molecular level catalytically, with spatial and temporal control in patterns and gradients, would greatly extend the utility of these model surfaces for a variety of cell motility, cell signaling, and cell– cell communication studies. These surfaces may also lead to the development of renewable surfaces for synthetic organic chemistry applications ranging from new solid-phase peptide synthesis resins to heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report an electroactive quinone-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold that captures and subsequently releases ligands, proteins, and cells in situ through an electrochemical potential. We also show that the surface is catalytic for multiple rounds of immobilization and release that are pH dependent. From a synthetic organic chemistry perspective, a clean and quantitative functionalgroup transformation occurs from an oxyamine group to a primary alcohol upon mild electrochemically applied potential. Furthermore, by extending this strategy with a photochemical approach, we demonstrate the immobilization and release of peptide ligands that mediate cell attachment in defined gradient patterns on inert surfaces. Our approach is based on a redox-active hydroquinoneterminated SAM that can be electrochemically oxidized to the corresponding quinone (Figure 1). The resulting quinone
Diffusion Brillouin stimulée dans les fibres optiques : amplification Brillouin large bande et laser Brillouin

Dans le cadre de ce travail de these plusieurs etudes seront exposees. La premiere aborde le probleme de la conservation de l'information lors d'un processus d'amplification Brillouin. La seconde s'attache a la realisation d'un amplificateur Brillouin possedant une large bande passante. Enfin la derniere porte sur la realisation de lasers Brillouin de tres grande coherence. Une etude experimentale de la transition entre le generateur Brillouin et l'amplificateur Brillouin dans un regime de saturation est effectuee. Elle met en evidence le transfert d'energie du generateur vers la sonde amplifiee. Nous avons prouves que meme dans un regime ou un generateur est puissant, les qualites spectrales de la sonde amplifiee sont preservees quand la resonance est atteinte. Les qualites de l'amplificateur Brillouin nous amenent dans une seconde partie a tenter d'augmenter sa bande passante car l'etroitesse de la bande de gain est une limite a de nombreuses applications, en particulier dans le domaine des telecommunications. Nous explorons la possibilite de travailler avec une pompe spectralement large et demontrons un elargissement spectral depassant 10 GHz par l'application d'une pompe originellement large. Nous demontrons un laser monomode, d'une largeur spectrale inferieure au kHz, stable en frequence et en intensite et dont le seuil est accessible par des diodes lasers DFB commerciales. Le montage est compact, robuste et le cout de revient relativement faible. La cavite peut egalement etre utilisee separement, c'est-a-dire sans pompe attribuee, pour des applications d'affinement spectral ou de filtrage. Enfin, l'application du dispositif a la caracterisation spectrale de lasers coherents est demontree et discutee.
Markers of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Epithelial Differentiation in Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: Utility in the Differential Diagnosis With Sarcoma

The distinction between sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) and bona fide sarcoma can be difficult using conventional immunohistochemical markers. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a histogenetic mechanism for the development of SC. Expression of selected markers of EMT (Twist and Slug) was compared with other markers of epithelial differentiation in SC and spindle cell sarcoma to determine the utility of these antigens in this differential diagnosis. Twenty-seven cases of SC (excluding those of gynecologic origin) were stained by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 5D3, CK5/6, and 34βE12), p63, claudin-1, claudin-7, epithelial cadherin, placental cadherin, epithelial cell adhesion molecule/epithelial-specific antigen, 14-3-3σ, Twist, and Slug. A comparison group of 21 spindle or pleomorphic spindle cell sarcomas was also studied. Immunohistochemical stains were scored in a semiquantitative manner and subsequent exploratory analyses were performed using logistic regression and χ2 tests. Only cytokeratin AE1/AE3 specifically labeled SC in a statistically significant manner. Other epithelial-specific markers tested did not distinguish SC from sarcoma primarily owing to low sensitivity. However, when positive, immunostains such as CK5/6, membranous epithelial cadherin, and nuclear p63 may aid in the distinction of SC from sarcoma. EMT markers were expressed in most cases of both SC and sarcoma, and were not useful in making a differential diagnosis between these neoplasms.
Modified Cre-loxP Recombination in Aspergillus oryzae by Direct Introduction of Cre Recombinase for Marker Gene Rescue

ABSTRACT Marker rescue is an important molecular technique that enables sequential gene deletions. The Cre-loxP recombination system has been used for marker gene rescue in various organisms, including aspergilli. However, this system requires many time-consuming steps, including construction of a Cre expression plasmid, introduction of the plasmid, and Cre expression in the transformant. To circumvent this laborious process, we investigated a method wherein Cre could be directly introduced into Aspergillus oryzae protoplasts on carrier DNA such as a fragment or plasmid. In this study, we define the carrier DNA (Cre carrier) as a carrier for the Cre enzyme. A mixture of commercial Cre and nucleic acids (e.g., pUG6 plasmid) was introduced into A. oryzae protoplasts using a modified protoplast-polyethylene glycol method, resulting in the deletion of a selectable marker gene flanked by loxP sites. By using this method, we readily constructed a marker gene-rescued strain lacking ligD to optimize homologous recombination. Furthermore, we succeeded in integrative recombination at a loxP site in A. oryzae. Thus, we developed a simple method to use the Cre-loxP recombination system in A. oryzae by direct introduction of Cre into protoplasts using DNA as a carrier for the enzyme.
Reward-Based Crowdfunding Campaigns: Informational Value and Access to Venture Capital

We consider an entrepreneur who designs a reward-based crowdfunding campaign when the campaign provides a signal about the future demand for the product and subsequent venture capital is needed. We find that both the informativeness of the campaign and considerations related to gaining access to venture capital funding affect the entrepreneur’s choice of campaign instruments, as well as her decision of whether to run a campaign. In particular, entrepreneurs should launch the campaign either when it is highly informative or when it is not informative at all. For relatively low levels of informativeness, but not so low that the venture capitalist (VC) completely ignores the campaign outcome in his funding decision, our study suggests that the entrepreneur might forgo the opportunity of acquiring information via crowdfunding because the benefits of crowdfunding are insufficient to offset the risk of campaign failure. We also find that the preference of entrepreneurs in favor of crowdfunding is stronger than .