Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Rape Myth Acceptance and Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention

Bystander interventions for sexual assault promote third-party interference. People who endorse rape myths blame victims more and perpetrators less; consequently, rape myth acceptance (RMA) can impede helping behaviors toward sexual assault victims. Acute alcohol intoxication may exacerbate the effects of RMA on bystander intervention. In this study, we examined the influence of RMA—and potential moderating effect of acute alcohol intoxication—on predictors of bystander intervention. Young adults (N = 128) completed a survey in a lab setting, then consumed either an alcoholic or control beverage, read and listened to a fictional sexual assault scenario, and finally completed a semi-structured interview and postexperiment survey assessing their perceptions of the scenario. Using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), we found people with higher RMA blamed the victim more and perpetrator less; they were also less likely to perceive responsibility to intervene for a sexual assault victim. Alcohol intoxication did not exacerbate these effects. That is, alcohol intoxication was not a context in which RMA was expressed more strongly. We recommend bystander programs continue to address RMA, specifically as a barrier to intervening.
Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACT Background: Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in adults over the age of 50 in the United States of America. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is sight-threatening, but can be treated by three currently utilized, intravitreally administered drugs: aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. Ziv-aflibercept is an analogue of aflibercept, containing the same active molecule in a different buffer solution, and its recent availability has prompted numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials addressing its viability for intraocular use, summarized herein. Results: Trial outcomes demonstrate that ziv-aflibercept has a similar safety profile to other indicated drugs with effective maintenance or improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and reduction of retinal fluid or central foveal thickness (CFT). Clinical trials of ziv-aflibercept in other neovascular disorders such as diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have shown similar results. Conclusion: Further prospective, randomized studies of ziv-aflibercept are needed, particularly in eyes with nAMD.
Lowering blood pressure after acute intracerebral haemorrhage: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis using individual patient data from randomised controlled trials participating in the Blood Pressure in Acute Stroke Collaboration (BASC)

Introduction Conflicting results from multiple randomised trials indicate that the methods and effects of blood pressure (BP) reduction after acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are complex. The Blood pressure in Acute Stroke Collaboration is an international collaboration, which aims to determine the optimal management of BP after acute stroke including ICH. Methods and analysis A systematic review will be undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data (IPD) guideline. A search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and MEDLINE from inception will be conducted to identify randomised controlled trials of BP management in adults with acute spontaneous (non-traumatic) ICH enrolled within the first 7 days of symptom onset. Authors of studies that meet the inclusion criteria will be invited to share their IPD. The primary outcome will be functional outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale. Safety outcomes will be early neurological deterioration, symptomatic hypotension and serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes will include death and neuroradiological and haemodynamic variables. Meta-analyses of pooled IPD using the intention-to-treat dataset of included trials, including subgroup analyses to assess modification of the effects of BP lowering by time to treatment, treatment strategy and patient’s demographic, clinical and prestroke neuroradiological characteristics. Ethics and dissemination No new patient data will be collected nor is there any deviation from the original purposes of each study where ethical approvals were granted; therefore, further ethical approval is not required. Results will be reported in international peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019141136.
Cyclophilin A allows the allosteric regulation of a structural motif in the disordered domain 2 of NS5A and thereby fine-tunes HCV RNA replication

Implicated in numerous human diseases, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are dynamic ensembles of interconverting conformers that often contain many proline residues. Whether and how proline conformation regulates the functional aspects of IDPs remains an open question, however. Here, we studied the disordered domain 2 of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A-D2) of hepatitis C virus (HCV). NS5A-D2 comprises a short structural motif (PW-turn) embedded in a proline-rich sequence, whose interaction with the human prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA) is essential for viral RNA replication. Using NMR, we show here that the PW-turn motif exists in a conformational equilibrium between folded and disordered states. We found that the fraction of conformers in the NS5A-D2 ensemble that adopt the structured motif is allosterically modulated both by the cis/trans isomerization of the surrounding prolines that are CypA substrates and by substitutions conferring resistance to cyclophilin inhibitor. Moreover, we noted that this fraction is directly correlated with HCV RNA replication efficiency. We conclude that CypA can fine-tune the dynamic ensemble of the disordered NS5A-D2, thereby regulating viral RNA replication efficiency.
Human demonstrations for fast and safe exploration in reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning is a promising framework for controlling complex vehicles with a high level of autonomy, since it does not need a dynamic model of the vehicle, and it is able to adapt to changing conditions. When learning from scratch, the performance of a reinforcement learning controller may initially be poor and -for real life applications- unsafe. In this paper the effects of using human demonstrations on the performance of reinforcement learning is investigated, using a combination of offline and online least squares policy iteration. It is found that using the human as an efficient explorer improves learning time and performance for a benchmark reinforcement learning problem. The benefit of the human demonstration is larger for problems where the human can make use of its understanding of the problem to efficiently explore the state space. Applied to a simplified quadrotor slung load drop off problem, the use of human demonstrations reduces the number of crashes during learning. As such, this paper contributes to safer and faster learning for model-free, adaptive control problems.
Past, present and future of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is the most common form of autoimmune diabetes diagnosed in adults. Similar to type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of LADA is impacted by ethnicity and geography. LADA is characterized by β cell loss due to autoimmunity and insulin resistance and has highly heterogeneous clinical features, autoimmunity, and genetics in a glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titre‐dependent manner, suggesting LADA is part of a continuum spectrum between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although LADA is the most frequent form of autoimmune diabetes diagnosed in adults, clinical trials involving LADA are scarce. Here we review the recent advancements in LADA epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and interventions. We also highlight the environmental factors that are thought to play an important role in addition to genetics in the pathogenesis of LADA. In the future, high‐throughput molecular profiles might shed light on the nature of LADA among the wide spectrum of diabetes and offer new opportunities to identify novel LADA‐specific biomarkers.
Detection of Bovine TMEM95 p.Cys161X Mutation in 13 Chinese Indigenous Cattle Breeds

Simple Summary Chinese indigenous cattle are economically important cattle breeds for animal husbandry development. The promotion and development of Chinese cattle breeds is essential. A previous study found that a nonsense mutation (rs378652941, c.483C > A, p.Cys161X) in bovine transmembrane protein 95 gene (TMEM95) seriously reduced reproductive performance in male Fleckvieh cattle; therefore, this locus was considered a candidate genetic marker in bovine marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding. Until now, no study has identified this mutation in Chinese cattle breeds. Herein, we detected this c.483C > A mutation in 13 Chinese cattle breeds. Importantly, we found that this mutation did not exist at this locus in our analyzed breeds. Interestingly, we first identified a frameshift insertion/deletion (indel) mutation (NC_037346.1: g.27056998_27057000delCT) in the bovine TMEM95 gene in 11 cattle breeds. Together, the results of this study suggest that the mutation c.483C > A cannot serve as a genetic marker for molecular breeding among Chinese indigenous cattle breeds. Abstract Chinese indigenous cattle breeds have abundant genetic resources, which are valuable for the molecular breeding of cattle around the world. Thus, identifying important candidate genes and their genetic markers is very important for cattle molecular breeding. A previous study found that a nonsense mutation (rs378652941, c.483C > A, p.Cys161X) in the bovine transmembrane protein 95 gene (TMEM95) seriously reduced the reproductive performance in bulls, but few studies have detected this mutation in Chinese indigenous cattle breeds. Since the mutation c.483C > A may serve as a potential genetic marker for selecting higher fertility bulls, in the present study, using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR), forced PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (forced PCR-RFLP), and DNA sequencing methods, the mutation c.483C > A was detected in 765 individuals from 13 Chinese cattle breeds. However, the results showed that this mutation did not exist at this locus in our analyzed breeds. Interestingly, we identified a newly frameshift insertion/deletion (indel) mutation (NC_037346.1: g.27056998_27057000delCT) in the bovine TMEM95 gene in 11 cattle breeds, which changed the location of the termination codon and changed the 16 amino acids in the C-terminal to 21 amino acids. Combined with previous studies, our study provides evidence that in Chinese cattle breeds the mutation c.483C > A cannot be used as a genetic marker in molecular breeding.
Glyconanoparticles for Targeted Tumor Therapy of Platinum Anticancer Drug.

An important requirement to decrease the side effects of chemotherapy drugs is to develop nanocarriers with precise biological functions. In this work, a set of glyconanoparticles was prepared via self-assembly of amphiphilic glycoblock copolymers for the targeted delivery of a hydrophobic chemotherapy drug. Well-defined glycoblock copolymers that consist of 1,1-di-tert-butyl 3-(2-(metyloyloxy)ethyl)-butane-1,1,3-tricarboxylate (MAETC) together with three different protected-sugar moieties (β-D-glucopyranoside, β-D-mannopyranoside, and β-L-fucopyranoside) were synthesized by using RAFT polymerization. Copolymers were deprotected and conjugated with the cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-Pt) anticancer drug. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed that cis-Pt conjugated glyconanoparticles were sufficiently stable under physiological conditions and had diameters of approximately 100 nm with considerably narrow size distributions. They were intracellularly taken up by the breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), prostate cancer (PC3), renal cancer (769-P) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. PC3 and 769-P cell lines showed a high preference for the glycosylated nanoparticles. Glycoblock copolymers were found nontoxic, but showed high cytotoxicity and increased efficacy after conjugation with cis-Pt anticancer drug. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assays in cancer cell lines demonstrate that cis-Pt loaded glycopolymer-based nanoparticles have a higher cytotoxicity than free cis-Pt. Overall, our results suggest that glyconanoparticles have a great potential to be used as an effective cis-Pt drug carrier for targeted cancer therapy.
Web Services Composition with QoS Bound Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm

In order to enable quality-aware web services selection in the process of service composition, this paper first describes the non-functional requirements of service consumers and the quality of elementary service or composite service as a quality vector, and then models the QoS(quality of service)-aware composition as a multiple criteria optimization problem in extending directed graph. A novel simulated annealing algorithm for QoS-aware web services composition is presented. A normalizing for composite service QoS values is made, and a secondary iterative optimization is used in the algorithm. Experimental results show that the simulated annealing algorithm can satisfy the multiple criteria and global QoS requirements of service consumers. The algorithm produces near optimum solution with much less computation cost.
Yq Microdeletion in a Patient with VACTERL Association and Shawl Scrotum with Bifid Scrotum: A Real Pathogenetic Association or a Coincidence?

VACTERL association is defined by the occurrence of congenital malformations: vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, radial and renal dysplasia, and limb defects. No genetic alterations have been discovered except for some sporadic chromosomal rearrangements and gene mutations. We report a boy with VACTERL association and shawl scrotum with bifid scrotum who presented with a de novo Yq11.223q11. 23 microdeletion identified by array CGH. The deletion spans 3.1 Mb and encompasses several genes in the AZFc region, frequently deleted in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Herein, we discuss the possible explanation for this unusual genotype-phenotype correlation. We suggest that the deletion of the BPY2 (previously VCY2) gene, located in the AZFc region and involved in spermatogenesis, contributed to the genesis of the phenotype. In fact, BPY2 interacts with a ubiquitin-protein ligase, involved in the SHH pathway which is known to be implicated in the genesis of VACTERL association.
Concerns on future fertility among users and past-users of combined oral contraceptives: a questionnaire survey

Abstract Objective: The combined oral contraceptive pill is the most preferred contraceptive method worldwide. Despite high life-time prevalence of infertility of 16–26%, scarce data about concerns of future fertility among COC users are available. We aimed to study whether COC usage induces concerns about fertility. Methods: Online questionnaire-based survey included 1283 current COC users and 1006 past users. The questionnaire covered knowledge and concerns of various aspects of fertility with respect to COC usage. Results: Significantly, more current users (66%) than past users (52%) had considered whether or not COC usage could affect future fertility (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.3–1.9). Nearly 50% of both groups believed COC usage could impair conception rates after discontinuation. Furthermore, 28% current vs. 19% past users believed COC could diminish the ovarian reserve more permanently. Conversely, 14% current and 11% past users believed that lack of ovulation could ‘spare’ the eggs (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.7–1.3). Significantly fewer current users (22%) vs. past users (35%) had heard, primarily by female friends, that a short break of 1–2 months during long-term COC usage was healthy, (OR 0.72, 95%CI = 0.56–0.92). Conclusions: Health care professionals prescribing hormonal contraception should be aware of misapprehensions and concerns of fertility among users of COC.
Sexual Orientation Identity, Race/Ethnicity, and Lifetime HIV Testing in a National Probability Sample of U.S. Women and Men: An Intersectional Approach.

Purpose: We examined differences in lifetime human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in relation to both sexual orientation identity and race/ethnicity among U.S. women and men. Methods: We used 2013-2017 National Health Interview Survey data and multivariable logistic regression to assess the distribution of lifetime HIV testing across and within sexual orientation identity and racial/ethnic groups of U.S. women (n = 60,867) and men (n = 52,201) aged 18-64 years. Results: Among women, Black lesbian (74.1%) and bisexual (74.0%) women had the highest prevalence whereas Asian lesbian women (32.5%) had the lowest prevalence of lifetime HIV testing. Among men, the prevalence of lifetime HIV testing was the highest among Latino gay men (92.6%) and the lowest among Asian heterosexual men (32.0%). In most cases, Black women and Black and Latino men had significantly higher adjusted odds whereas Asian women and men had lower adjusted odds of lifetime HIV testing compared with their White counterparts within sexual orientation identity groups. In many instances, bisexual women and gay men had significantly higher adjusted odds of lifetime HIV testing relative to their heterosexual counterparts within racial/ethnic groups. Compared with White heterosexual individuals, most sexual orientation identity and racial/ethnic subgroups had significantly higher adjusted odds whereas Asian heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian women and Asian heterosexual and bisexual men may have lower adjusted odds of lifetime HIV testing. Conclusion: Culturally relevant, linguistically appropriate, and structurally competent programs and practices are needed to facilitate lifetime HIV testing among diverse sexual orientation identity and racial/ethnic subgroups of women and men, including multiply marginalized subgroups that are undertested or disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS.
Mechanical stress impairs pheromone signaling via Pkc1-mediated regulation of the MAPK scaffold Ste5

This study shows that Pkc1 inhibits yeast pheromone signaling upon intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical stress. Pkc1 phosphorylates the RING-H2 domains of the scaffolds Ste5 and Far1, thereby preventing their interaction with Gβγ at the plasma membrane. This crosstalk mechanism regulates polarized growth and cell–cell fusion during mating.
Effects of high-intensity interval training on platelet function in cardiac rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial

Objective To compare effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on platelet function in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation, as hyper-reactive platelets are involved in atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Methods In this single-centre parallel group randomised controlled trial, male patients after an acute coronary syndrome under dual antiplatelet therapy performed MICT or HIIT+MICT for 12 weeks. Main outcome was platelet reactivity measured by the half-maximal concentration (EC50) of platelet agonist thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6) in terms of P-selectin expression. EC50 was determined at baseline, after 6 and 12 weeks, each time at physical rest and on exertion. Results 82 patients were randomised to MICT or HIIT+MICT. Mean (95% CI) baseline EC50values at physical rest were 6.7 µM (6.3 µM to 7.0 µM) TRAP-6. After 6/12 weeks, 36/33 MICT and 34/28 HIIT+MICT patients were examined. HIIT+MICT patients had 0.9 µM (0.4 µM to 1.4 µM)/0.5 µM (−0.1 µM to 1.0 µM) higher EC50values than MICT ones, and the propensity of their platelets to form aggregates with monocytes was significantly lower after 12 weeks. Short-term strenuous physical exertion was generally associated with platelet activation and an EC50reduction of 0.7 µM (0.6 µM to 0.8 µM). HIIT+MICT patients tended to be fitter after 12 weeks. No serious harms were observed. Conclusions Including HIIT in cardiac rehabilitation seems to confer additional benefits compared with MICT alone, which should be confirmed in clinical trials with hard endpoints. Exertion-induced platelet activation and hyper-reactivity occur despite dual antiplatelet therapy. Trial registration number NCT02930330; Results.
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells

Progression of prostate cancer to lethal forms is marked by emergence of hormone-independent proliferation of the cancer cells. Nutritional and epidemiological studies have indicated that prostate cancer progression is correlated with the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). To shed additional light on the cell-level mechanisms of the observed correlation, we compared the sensitivity of hormone-dependent and hormone-independent prostate cancer cells to growth medium supplementation with free PUFAs in a cell proliferation and viability assay. Our data show that the hormone-dependent cells are comparatively insensitive to various PUFAs, at the same time as the growth and viability of hormone-independent cells lines are strongly inhibited by most of the tested PUFAs, whether n–3 or n–6. We speculate that this difference may be at least partially responsible for the observed effects of specific dietary lipids in prostate cancer. The new data strengthen the case for dietary intervention as part of potential new therapeutic strategies seeking to impede prostate cancer progression.
[Current status and prospect of treatment for severe community acquired pneumonia].

OBJECTIVE Severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP) has raised substantial concern due to high morbidity and mortality. SCAP is usually associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and sepsis. It is suggested that organ function and coagulation/fibrinolysis improvement, organ injury reduction and organ repair facilitation are highly required besides microbiology detection and optimization of antibiotics strategy on treatment of SCAP. Neutralization antibody, steroid, immunmodulatory therapy, and Chinese medicine etc. contribute to organ function improvement from different perspective. The unique profile of multiple target and personalized therapy of Chinese medicine may become a promising new option for SCAP and MODS. The combination of Western and Chinese Medicine shed new light on SCAP treatment.