Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthetic bxn Gene Utilization in the Resistance of Crops to the Herbicide Bromoxynil - A Review

Modern biotechnological systems refer to the application of biological methods for the production of new substances and manipulation of genetic materials of living organisms for the benefits of human future and commercial applications. Generation of herbicide resistant crops is a very important aspect of biotechnology utilization in plant genetic engineering by using genetic materials of another plant species or organisms to generate herbicide resistant transgenic crops. Nitrile group of herbicides is a large group of chemicals mostly inhibit photosynthesis in weeds and causes many loses in agricultural crops. The bromoxynil–specific nitrilase ( bxn ) gene was used widely in the production of crops resistant to the herbicide Bromoxynil. The gene was originally isolated from the soil bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae and was successfully transformed into plant or appropriate crops of commercially interest. The encoded protein catabolizes 3,5–dibromo–4–hydroxybenzonitrile (Bromoxynil) to non–phytotoxic 3,5–dibromo–4–hydroxybenzoic acid. This review described the application of synthetic and codon–optimized bxn gene for the efficient transformation into plant resistance to Bromoxynil.
Extra mouths to feed: The odds of young mothers engaging in transactional sexual relationships in South Africa

Abstract Transactional sexual relationships (TSRs) are of concern because of the negative health outcomes associated with the practice. Lack of condom use and multiple concurrent partnerships increase the risk of HIV infection and unintended pregnancies. For these reasons, a multitude of studies have been done to better understand the determinants of these relationships, particularly among youth who engage in sex with wealthier and often older partners. While the economic motivations among youth are known, broader determinants, such as having at least one child are rarely investigated. The role of having children is important to consider, as this suggests an economic motive for these relationships related to childcare needs. The objective of this study is to determine the association between having a child and TSRs among young women in South Africa. Cross-sectional data of 331 young females who engage in this practice are analysed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions are fit to the data to determine the association. Results show that youth not living with parents (84.96%) and those who see more than one sexual partner as acceptable (66.01%) engage in TSRs. Further, having at least one child increases the odds (OR = 1.98 p-value 0.004) of engaging in TSRs. In conclusion, having at least one child, as an economic motivation underlying TSRs should be taken into policy and intervention considerations. Young mothers should be specifically targeted in socioeconomic policies to enable them to care for their offspring without needing to engage in TSRs.
Electromagnetic Field Intensity Imaging by Thermofluorescence in the Visible Range

Methods to measure the electromagnetic field intensity on a large scale should be improved to meet the growing demand in civil and military applications. The recent development and an application of a microwave electromagnetic field imaging method using a thermofluorescent device and detection in the visible-light range are described. The sensor is a flexible film sensitive to either an electric field (slightly conductive film) or a magnetic field (insulating film with ferromagnetic particles) coated with a polymer doped with fluorescent molecules displaying temperature-dependent emission. We use a lock-in thermog-raphy protocol consisting of modulation of the field at low frequency, which allows us to suppress the noise due to heat-transfer phenomena and the part of the signal not directly related to field absorption. Two applications of the method are presented: (i) imaging the microwave magnetic field emitted by a resonator antenna and (ii) the local probe measurement of the electric field inside a multibeam antenna. The process to develop the sensitive film, its detailed characterization, and the thermofluorescence-image demodula-tion postprocessing are presented in detail. This approach is much cheaper than one based on infrared thermometry and could permit democratization of microwave-and radio-frequency electromagnetic field imaging.
Designing a hetrostructure junctionless-field effect transistor (HJL-FET) for high-speed applications

This paper explores the impacts of both the strained silicon layer thickness, D, and germanium mole fraction, X, on the electrical characteristics of a heterostructure junctionless (HJL)-FET by a numerical simulator. The gate controllability on the Si1−XGeX layer has been increased by reducing D for a given X, hence, OFF-state current decreases. The permittivity factor increasing prevails to the band gap reducing in the Si0.3Ge0.7 layer, for D = 0.5 nm. As a result, in a 15 nm channel length, the OFF-state current of HJL-FET with D = 0.5 nm and X = 0.7 is improved by 95%, as compared to that of the regular JL-FET. Therefore, D and X parameters can be considered to reduce the OFF-state current of HJL-FET, even without pushing the gate to a large negative voltage. We propose a novel “Modified HJL-FET (MHJL-FET)” structure which improves the subthreshold slope (SS) in comparison with HJL-FET, by employing the doping engineering. The Si1−XGeX layer of MHJL-FET has a lower doping density in comparison with the strained silicon layer. The doping engineering not only reduces SS by 10%, but also increases the ION/IOFF ratio two orders of magnitude, for 10 nm channel length. The benchmarking results indicate that the MHJL-FET device is promising for future logic transistor applications.
Predictive system text entry controlled by accelerometer with any body part

This paper presents an update of DasherUS, a predictive text system controlled by an accelerometer. The DasherUS software can be installed in any computer and it becomes faster with its use. Thanks to the calibration procedure included, user can put the sensor on any part of the body and, in a few steps, the system is able to adapt to the user mobility. In contrast to the previous version, the text can be now sent to any application that is running at the same moment of using DasherUS, without replacing any other application the user likes to utilize. Other improvements of the system will help us to polish DasherUS much better, carrying us closer to our objective: the guarantee that no one will be deprived of the right to express what feels any time anywhere.
The Relation between serum uric acid & HbA1c in geriatric patients of Type 2 Diabetes in Amravati, Maharashtra, India.

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous disease which is characterized by variable degrees of insulin resistance or/and impaired insulin secretion as well as its deficiency (absolute/relative). The study was carried out to determine the relationship between serum concentration of uric acid and HbA1c among the geriatric group with type 2 diabetes mellitus in diabetic camps carried out at Amravati. We performed a cross sectional study on 30 patients of both genders of geriatric group, and a control group of 30 age and sex matched normal healthy individuals. Serum uric acid was tested by Uricase/PAP method [7, 15] and HbA1c by NycoCard READER II (color reflectometry) [6]. We observed the positive correlation between uric acid and HbA1c, as 0.080 which was found to be significant as 2.50 between the uric acid and HbA1c in geriatric patients of type 2 Diabetes. In healthy controls, we observed the positive correlation between uric acid and HbA1c as 0.074 which was not significant.
Afan Oromo Sense Clustering in Hierarchical and Partitional Techniques

This paper presents the sense clustering of multi-sense words in Afan Oromo. The main idea of this work is to cluster contexts which is providing a useful way to discover semantically related senses. The similar contexts of a given senses of target word are clustered using three hierarchical and two partitional clustering. All contexts of related senses are included in the clustering and thus performed over all the contexts in the corpus. The underlying hypothesis is that clustering captures the reflected unity among the contexts and each cluster reveal possible relationships existing among the contexts. As the experiment shows, from the total five clusters, the EM and K-Means clusters which yield significantly higher accuracy than hierarchical (single clustering, complete clustering and average clustering) result. For Afan Oromo, EM and K-means enhance the accuracy of sense clustering than hierarchical clustering algorithms. Each cluster representing a unique sense. Some words have two senses to the five senses. As the result shows an average accuracy of test set was 85.5% which is encouraging with the unsupervised machine learning work. By using this approach, finding the right number of clusters is equivalent to finding the number of senses. The achieved result was encouraging, despite it is less resource requirement.
Product Lines, Product Design and Limited Attention

We analyze the manner in which a monopolist designs its product line when facing customers with limited attention. We assume that consumers simplify complex problems by neglecting some relevant aspects. This creates an incentive for a firm to supply simple products. Simultaneously, limited attention offers partial protection to customers from the monopolist's market power. We further assume that customers’ attention varies with the set of alternatives. A firm may then manipulate its customers’ attention through the range of products it offers. We show that a firm can increase its profit by introducing goods that have the sole function of manipulating consumer attention. Finally, we analyze the impact of limited attention on the screening of heterogeneous customers.
KONSELING PRANIKAH BERPERSPEKTIF GENDER PADA LEMBAGA (BP4) UNTUK MENURUNKAN TINGKAT PERCERAIAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pelaksanaan konseling pranikah bagi calon pengantin oleh BP4 Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan partisipatory action research. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Objek sasaran terdiri dari 14 orang panitia penyelenggara konseling pranikah.Data-data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan penelitian didapati bahwa pelaksanaan konseling pranikah bagi calon pengantin oleh BP4 Kota Pekanbaru terdiri dari dua program yaitu pertama program regular yang didanai oleh Kementrian Agama Kota Pekanbaru, kedua program mandiri yang biayanya ditanggung oleh peserta (calon pengantin). Pelaksanaan konseling pranikah bagi calon pengantin oleh BP4 kota Pekanbaru belum berwawasan gender. Materi-materi yang termuat dalam buku panduan bimbingan pranikah belum bermuatan gender baik sebagai satu pokok bahasan khusus, ataupun dalam penjelasan. Begitu juga dalam penyampaian materi oleh instruktur, tidak ada terlihat muatan-muatan gender secara eksplisit
Shifting baseline syndrome: causes, consequences and implications Running head: Shifting baseline syndrome

145/ 150 words) Shifting baseline syndrome (SBS) is a psychological and sociological phenomenon whereby each new human generation accepts as natural or normal the situation in which it was raised. With ongoing local, regional and global deterioration in the natural environment, this results in a continued lowering of people’s accepted norms for these environmental conditions. SBS is thus increasingly recognized as one of the fundamental obstacles to addressing a wide range of global environmental issues faced today, yet knowledge about the phenomenon remains incomplete and limited. Here, we provide an overview of the nature and extent of SBS, propose a conceptual framework for understanding its causes, consequences and implications, and suggest future research directions. Our review illustrates that there are key feedback loops by which consequences of SBS accelerate further SBS through progressive environmental degradation. We finally make several strategic recommendations to prevent, and ultimately reverse, this phenomenon.
An Investigation of a Dynamic Sensor Motion Strategy

Abstract : This paper considers a dynamic sensor coverage problem in which a single mobile sensor attempts to monitor multiple sites. Sensor motion is modeled using a discrete time, discrete state Markov process. State dynamics at each site are modeled as a linear system. A stochastic simulation is used to demonstrate previously derived theoretical conditions under which a single sensor is or is not sufficient to maintain a bounded estimate of the state of every site. Observations are made about the relationship of sensor motion to system dynamics. A strategy is presented to find a good sensor motion model based upon the system dynamics and to determine the convexity of the solution set.
The Built Environment as a Determinant of Walking Behavior: Analyzing Non-Work Pedestrian Travel in Portland, Oregon

Much has been written about the connection between land use/urban form and transportation from the perspective of impacting automobile trip generation. This only addresses half the issue. The theoretical advances in land use/transportation relationships embodied in paradigms such as the jobs housing balance, neo-traditional design (NTD) standards and transit oriented development (TOD) rely very heavily on the generation of pedestrian traffic in order to realize their proposed benefits. The analysis presented here employs similar models and data sets used in Boarnet & Greenwald for the Portland, Oregon area, but applies them towards analysis of non-work walking travel. The results suggest that whatever effects land use has on affecting individual non-work walking trip generation, the impacts take place at the neighborhood level.
Perfect load balancing on anonymous trees 1

We study the problem of load balancing with finitely-divisible loads (also known as token distribution problem) on distributed anonymous tree networks. Existing results obtaining perfect load balancing assume prior knowledge of the number of nodes and an edge coloring of the tree [8]. In this paper we show that it is possible to obtain perfect load balancing on anonymous trees without further assumptions. Moreover, we are able to compute aggregate information on anonymous trees like the number of nodes and the total load. Our algorithm runs in (M + n), where M is the total number of tokens and n is the number of nodes of the tree. To run our algorithm each node v must be able to store (d(logM + logn)) bits of information, where d is the degree of v. 2. This work was partially supported by the Future & Emerging Technologies unit of the European Commission through Project BISON (IST-2001-38923). 3. Computer Science Department, University of Bologna. Email: margara@cs.unibo. it 4. Computer Science Department, University of Bologna. Email: pistocch@cs.unibo. it 5. Computer Science Department, University of Bologna. Email: vassura@cs.unibo. it
The role of instrumental versus macroseismic locations for earthquakes of the last century: a discussion based on the seismicity of the North-Western Apennines (Italy)

Many seismological observatories began to record and store seismic events in the early years of the twentieth century, contributing to the compilation of very valued databases of both phase pickings and waveforms. However, despite the availability of the instrumental data for some of the events of the last century, an instrumental location for these earthquakes is not always computed; moreover, when available, the macroseismic location is strongly preferred even if the number of points that have been used for it is low or the spatial distribution of the observations is not optimal or homogeneous. In this work I show how I computed an instrumental location for 19 events which occurred in the Garfagnana-Lunigiana region (Northern Tuscany, Italy) beginning from 1902. The location routine is based on a Joint Hypocentral Determination in which, starting from a group of master events, the systematic errors that may affect the data are summed up in the corrective factors complementing the velocity propagation model. All non-systematic errors are carefully checked and possibly discarded by going back to the original data, if necessary. The location is then performed using the classic approach of the inverse problem and solved iteratively. The obtained locations are then compared to those already available from other macroseismic studies with the aim to check the role to be attributed to the instrumental locations. The study shows that in most cases the locations match, in particular when considering the different significance of the location parameters, especially for the strongest events: the instrumental location provides the point where the rupture begins, while the macroseismic one is an estimate of the area where the earthquake possibly took place. This paper is not meant to discuss the importance and the necessity of macroseismic data; instead, the aim is to show that instrumental data can be used to obtain locations even for older seismic events, without any intention to define which location is better or more reliable.
Synchronization of Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems in Bandlimited Channels

Over the last couple of decades, many methods for synchronizing chaotic systems have been proposed with communications applications in view. Yet their performance has proved disappointing in face of the nonideal character of usual channels linking transmitter and receiver, that is, due to both noise and signal propagation distortion. Here we consider a discrete-time master-slave system that synchronizes despite channel bandwidth limitations and an allied communication system. Synchronization is achieved introducing a digital filter that limits the spectral content of the feedback loop responsible for producing the transmitted signal.
Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials

The development of an open-access, reliable database for embodied energy and carbon (dioxide) emissions associated with the construction industry is described. The University of Bath's inventory of carbon and energy database lists almost 200 different materials. The data were extracted from peer-reviewed literature on the basis of a defined methodology and a set of five criteria. The database was made publicly available via an online website and has attracted significant interest from industry, academia, government departments and agencies, among others. Feedback from such professional users has played an important part in the choice of ‘best values’ for ‘cradleto-site’ embodied energy and carbon from the range found in the literature. The variation in published data stems from differences in boundary definitions (including geographic origin), age of the data sources and rigour of the original life-cycle assessments. Although principally directed towards UK construction, the material set included in the d.
Temperature Dependent Transcription Initiation in Archaea: Interplay between Transcription Factor B and Promoter Sequence

In Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu), a hyperthermophile archaeon, two transcription factor Bs, TFB1 and TFB2 are encoded in the genomic DNA. TFB1 is the primary TFB in Pfu, and is homologous to transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) in eukaryotes. TFB2 is proposed to be a secondary TFB that is compared to TFB1, TFB2 lacks the conserved Bfinger / B-reader / B-linker regions which assist RNA polymerase in transcription start site selection and promoter opening functions respectively. P. furiosus, like all Archaea, encodes a single transcription factor E (TFE), that is homologous to the N-terminus of transcription factor II E (TFIIE) ! subunit in eukaryotes. TFE stabilizes the transcription bubble when present, although it is not required for in vitro transcription. In this study, in vitro transcription is used to reveal how TFB2 responds to different temperature (65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C, and 85 °C) at promoters for three different kinds of gene: nontemperature responsive, heat-shock induced, and cold-shock induced in the absence or presence of TFE. The activity of transcription complexes formed by TFB2 is always lower than by TFB1 in all temperatures and promoters. However, with heat-shock gene promoters, the activity of transcription complexes formed by TFB2 increases more than those formed with TFB1 with increasing temperatures. The temperature-dependent activities of TFB1 and TFB2 are similar with the non-temperature responsive gene promoter. With the cold-shock gene promoter, the activity of transcription complexes formed by both TFB1 and TFB2 has the highest activity in lower temperatures. When TFE is present, the activity of transcription complexes formed by TFB2 is enhanced with heat-shock gene promoters particularly at lower temperatures, and makes TFB2 behave
Subregional Hippocampal Thickness Abnormalities in Older Adults with a History of Heavy Cannabis Use

Abstract Background and Aims: Legalization of cannabis (CB) for both medicinal and, in some states, recreational use, has given rise to increasing usage rates across the country. Of particular concern are indications that frequent CB use may be selectively harmful to the developing adolescent brain compared with adult-onset usage. However, the long-term effects of heavy, adolescent CB use on brain structure and cognitive performance in late-life remain unknown. A critical brain region is the hippocampus (HC), where there is a striking intersection between high concentrations of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors and age-related pathology. Design: We investigated whether older adults (average age=66.6+7.2 years old) with a history of early life CB use show morphological differences in hippocampal subregions compared with older, nonusers. Methods: We performed high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging combined with computational techniques to assess cortical thickness of the medial temporal lobe, neuropsychological testing, and extensive drug use histories on 50 subjects (24 formerly heavy cannabis users [CB+ group] abstinent for an average of 28.7 years, 26 nonusers [CB− group]). We investigated group differences in hippocampal subregions, controlling for age, sex, and intelligence (as measured by the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading), years of education, and cigarette use. Results: The CB+ subjects exhibited thinner cortices in subfields cornu ammonis 1 [CA1; F(1,42)=9.96, p=0.0003], and CA2, 3, and the dentate gyrus [CA23DG; F(1,42)=23.17, p<0.0001], and in the entire HC averaged over all subregions [F(1,42)=8.49, p=0.006]. Conclusions: Negative effects of chronic adolescent CB use on hippocampal structure are maintained well into late life. Because hippocampal cortical loss underlies and exacerbates age-related cognitive decline, these findings have profound implications for aging adults with a history of early life usage. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01874886.