Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Healthcare Knowledge Diffusion in WeChat

Social media such as We Chat provide new ways of communicating healthcare information and knowledge. Many healthcare institutions leverage We Chat public platform to disseminate healthcare knowledge in the hope of attracting public attention. It is critical for them to build a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting WeChat users’ willingness to diffuse healthcare knowledge, an issue that has seldom been studied in the literature. This research aims to address this gap. Drawing on prior research on word-of-mouth, we develop a research model by integrating six factors regarding three key elements of healthcare knowledge communications: content (interestingness, usefulness, emotionality and positivity), source (source credibility) and channel (institution-based trust). The research model will be tested through a scenario-based online survey. This research is expected to contribute by (1) integrating factors that determine healthcare knowledge diffusion including the factors about content, source and channel, especially including institution-based trust as an important determinant, (2) examining the diffusion of healthcare knowledge and taking WeChat as the research context, and (3) using survey with subjective measurements to test a more comprehensive model. Potential practical implications are offered for healthcare organizations and practitioners.
Urtexte - Carlowitz und die Quellen unseres Nachhaltigkeitsbegriffs

Die UN-Konferenz Rio +20 hat im Sommer 2012 das Bekenntnis der Weltgemeinschaft zur Nachhaltigkeit als Leitbild erneut bekraeftigt. Die Klaerung und Schaerfung dieses Konzepts bleibt eine wichtige Aufgabe. Dazu ist die Spiegelung des Begriffs in seinen historischen Quellen unabdingbar. Am Anfang der Begriffsbildung steht das vor 300 Jahren - 1713 - erschienene Buch "Sylvicultura oeconomica" des saechsischen Kameralisten Carlowitz. Es thematisiert eine im 17. Jahrhundert europaweit prognostizierte Ressourcenkrise: den Holzmangel. Carlowitz war mit den in den deutschen Territorien, in England und Frankreich entwickelten Loesungsansaetzen zur Bewahrung der Waelder vertraut. Die traditionelle Terminologie (pfleglich, konservierend) bereichert er in seinem Buch durch den Ausdruck "nachhaltende Nutzung" des Holzes. Die Verpflichtung dazu ergibt sich fuer Carlowitz aus der Verantwortung fuer die "Posteritaet", die nachfolgenden Generationen. In Umrissen entwirft er bereits das Dreieck der Nachhaltigkeit. Sein Fokus auf das Nachwachsen, also auf die Faehigkeit von Oekosystemen zur Regeneration, rueckt die Oekologie in den Kern des Nachhaltigkeitsdenkens. (A)
Integration of Spectrum Database and Sensing Results for Hybrid Spectrum Access Systems

The database-driven spectrum access system recently attracted increasing amounts of attention. It has more benefits compared to the traditional sensing-based systems. To build a more practical and reliable system, a hybrid sensing-based and database-driven spectrum access system is a promising solution. In this paper, we consider the integration problem of the database information and sensing results, which is a very important factor in order in realizing the hybrid system. We propose the integration framework, which is implemented on the database engine. The framework is divided into two main components. The first one is to process the sensing results, which contains the predictions for locations without sensing results, and the fusion policy on the sensing samples. The second component is the dynamic integration process of the generated sensing results and the database information. We first model the evaluation of the integration results as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), which enables the database engine to know its current status. Then, we propose an iterative algorithm for the database engine to dynamically adjust its integration policy. In this way, the balanced status of the generated spectrum map is maintained. Simulations are conducted to reveal the performance of our framework.
Adaptive Preambles for Coexistence

Wireless protocols in the unlicensed spectrum are developed for different requirements in terms of range and power, which makes them difficult to coexist in the same unlicensed spectrum. One such example is Zigbee and WiFi coexistence where low-power Zigbee nodes are frequently starved by WiFi nodes. Recent standardization efforts of short range IEEE 802.11af and long range IEEE 802.22 in the TV white spaces will make this problem more severe in the future. In this paper, we propose a novel PHY and MAC protocol for coexistence. Our protocol is decentralized and simple. The key building block is an adaptive preamble support at the PHY layer that allows high-power nodes to detect a low-power transmission even when the difference in transmit power constraints between the two groups of nodes is as high as 20dB. We show that this technique can prevent starvation of low-power nodes in almost all existing scenarios. We further propose a MAC protocol that builds on CSMA MAC and exploits the adaptive preambles functionality. We extensively evaluate our system in a test-bed and in simulations. We show that we can improve the data rates of low-power links by as much as 10x over existing MACs, without sacrificing more than 20%-40% of throughput of the rest of the system.
TASA DE RENDIMIENTO DE CAPITAL DE COLOMBIA PARA EL PERÍODO ENTRE 1990-2001

Arnold Harberger en 1969 estimo la tasa de rendimiento de capital para Colombia. En su investigacion desarrollo una metodologia para calcular las variables relevantes que se necesitan para estimarla. Este trabajo replica la metodologia de Harberger con datos recientes y encuentra el costo de oportunidad del capital para tres escenarios diferentes. En el primer escenario se toman los datos de las Cuentas Nacionales y de las Naciones Unidas y se desarrolla la metodologia de Harberger, los resultados que se obtuvieron indican que la tasa de rendimiento al capital se ubica entre 8.1% y el 7.4%. En el segundo escenario se ajusta la tasa de depreciacion, ya que Harberger explica que esta sobre estimada y por tanto, se debe calcular de nuevo la tasa de rendimiento del capital haciendo un ajuste en las tasas de depreciacion. Siguiendo los pasos de Harberger se modifica la tasa de depreciacion y se encuentra que la tasa de retorno al capital se localiza entre 7.7% y 7.1%. Finalmente, debido a que la proporcion de capital sobre el Producto Interno Bruto que se obtiene es muy alta relativa a los datos de Planeacion Nacional, se construye un tercer escenario en que se decide utilizar una serie de capital alternativa, la cual modifica el valor estimado de la tasa de retorno al capital al ubicarla entre 11% y 10%.
Increased density of brain histamine H1 receptors in rats with portacaval anastomosis and in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy

The binding properties and the regional densities of histamine H1 receptors were studied in brain of rats with portacaval anastomosis (PCA) and in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Receptor binding studies and quantitative receptor autoradiography were performed, employing [3H]mepyramine. Histamine H1 receptors in rat brain displayed a higher density and a lower affinity compared with control human frontal cortex. Specific [3H]mepyramine binding was heterogeneously distributed throughout the brain in both species. In human brain, binding was highest in the parietal and temporal cortices and lowest in caudate‐putamen. In rat brain, binding was highest in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, ventromedial hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens. Cortical tissue from PCA rats and frontal cortical tissue from HE patients contained significantly increased densities (Bmax) of H1 receptors. A selective increase in H1 receptor density was also observed in parietal and insular cortices of HE patients. Results of the present study suggest a selective up‐regulation of brain H1 receptors in PCA rats and in patients with HE. The central histaminergic system is implicated in the control of arousal and circadian rhythmicity. Previous studies have shown that blockade of H1 receptors in PCA rats results in improved locomotor activity and circadian rhythmicity scores. The present findings suggest that cortical histaminergic hyperactivity could contribute to the neuropsychiatric symptoms characteristic of human HE, and that selective histamine H1 receptor antagonists could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of some of the symptoms of HE in cirrhotic patients.
Words in Air: The Complete Correspondence Between Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell

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A randomized controlled clinical trial of intravitreous fomivirsen for treatment of newly diagnosed peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS.

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of intravitreous fomivirsen sodium, an antisense oligonucleotide, for newly diagnosed peripheral cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN Randomized treatment intervention clinical trial. METHODS A multicenter, prospective, and randomized clinical trial compared immediate treatment of CMV retinitis with fomivirsen (165 microg administered intravitreously) to deferral of treatment until CMV retinitis lesions progressed by standard definitions. Included were patients with CMV retinitis lesions at least 750 microm outside of zone 1. Fomivirsen was injected weekly for three doses as induction therapy, followed by injection every other week as maintenance therapy. All patients were examined regularly until evidence of retinitis progression. Time to first progression was determined by two independent masked fundus photography reading centers (principal outcome) and by clinician investigators based on indirect ophthalmoscopy. Patients in the deferral of treatment group were offered fomivirsen therapy at the time of clinically determined retinitis progression. RESULTS Patients in the immediate treatment group (n = 18) and the deferral of treatment group (n = 10) were comparable at baseline. Median time to first progression of disease for the immediate treatment group was 71 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 28 days-not determinable) and for the deferral of treatment group was 13 days (95% CI 9-15 days; P =.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Progression occurred in 44% of patients in the immediate treatment group during the study compared with 70% of patients in the deferral of treatment group during the study. There were no retinal detachments among eyes treated with fomivirsen. CONCLUSIONS Fomivirsen is an effective treatment for CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS that utilizes a mechanism of action different than that of ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir.
Effect of the celexoxib in microscopic changes of the esophageal mucosal of rats induced by esofagojejunostomy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of celecoxib in the esophageal mucosa in rats undergoing esofagojejunostomy. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats from the vivarium of the University of Health Sciences of Alagoas were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups: Group I, 15 rats undergoing esofagojejunostomy with the use of celecoxib postoperatively; Group II, 15 rats undergoing esofagojejunostomy without the use of celecoxib; Group III, 15 rats undergoing celiotomy with bowel manipulation; and Group IV, 15 rats without surgery and using celecoxib. The observation period was 90 days. After the death of the animals, the distal segment of the esophagus was resected and sent for microscopic analysis. RESULTS esofagojejunostomy caused macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis. Esophagitis was equal in both groups I and II. In groups III and IV esophageal lesions were not developed. CONCLUSIONS celecoxib had neither protective nor inducing effect on esophagitis, but had a protective effect on dysplasia of the animals of group I.
AF MIMO Wireless Relay Networks under Received Power Constraint

This paper considers an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay scheme for M-source-M-destination pairs and N relay nodes. Cooperative minimum mean square error (MMSE) strategies for wireless relay networks under both a jamming environment and channel uncertainty with received power constraints at the destination nodes are studied. The main contribution of this paper is the derivation of the MMSE-based amplifying relay matrices (ARMs) under both a jamming environment and channel uncertainty. With the proposed ARMs, the system performance under study is evaluated by observing bit error rate (BER) using Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, it is proven that the proposed ARM is the global optimal ARM.
Arithmetic co-transformations in the real and complex logarithmic number systems

The real logarithmic number system, which represents a value with a sign bit and a quantized logarithm, can be generalized to create the complex logarithmic number system, which replaces the sign bit with a quantized angle in a log/polar coordinate system. Although multiplication and related operations are easy in both real and complex systems, addition and subtraction are hard, especially when interpolation is used to implement the system. Both real and complex logarithmic arithmetic benefit from the use of co-transformation, which converts an addition or subtraction from a region where interpolation is expensive to a region where it is easier. Two co-transformations that accomplish this goal are introduced. The first is an approximation based on real analysis of the subtraction logarithm. The second is based on simple algebra that applies for both real and complex values and that works for both addition and subtraction.
The Role of Sucrose in Cariogenic Dental Biofilm Formation—New Insight

Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease, and fermentable dietary carbohydrates are the key environmental factors involved in its initiation and development. However, among the carbohydrates, sucrose is considered the most cariogenic, because, in addition to being fermented by oral bacteria, it is a substrate for the synthesis of extracellular (EPS) and intracellular (IPS) polysaccharides. Therefore, while the low pH environment triggers the shift of the resident plaque microflora to a more cariogenic one, EPS promote changes in the composition of the biofilms’ matrix. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that the biofilm formed in the presence of sucrose presents low concentrations of Ca, Pi, and F, which are critical ions involved in de- and remineralization of enamel and dentin in the oral environment. Thus, the aim of this review is to explore the broad role of sucrose in the cariogenicity of biofilms, and to present a new insight into its influence on the pathogenesis of dental caries.
Discharges of pyramidal tract and other motor cortical neurones during locomotion in the cat.

A method is described for chronically implanting fine flexible microwires into cat motor cortex, which permitted extracellular recordings to be made from 165 single neurones. Most units were recordable for 12 h and some for up to 2 days. Of the neurones tested, 57% were shown to project to the medullary pyramid (pyramidal tract neurones, p.t.n.s). Antidromic latencies corresponded to a range of conduction velocities from 63 to 9 m/s. In the animal at rest neurones discharged at rates from 0.5 to 44 impulses/s. During locomotion at 0.5 m/s (a slow walk) 56% of cells discharged faster than at rest and 80% showed frequency modulations time‐locked to the step cycle. Most fired one discrete burst of impulses per step or one peak period superimposed on a maintained discharge. In different cells peak activity occurred at widely different times during the step cycle. A few cells peaked twice per step. Peak rates (averaged over twenty steps) ranged from 10 to over 120 impulses/s, the values for most slow‐axon p.t. n.s (conduction velocity less than 21 m/s) being lower than for any of the fast‐axon p.t. n.s. For locomotion at speeds between 0.37 and 1.43 m/s a roughly linear relationship existed between discharge rate and speed in 14% of cells. However, the changes were modest and in most cells both mean rate and peak rate were unrelated to speed. In some cells discharge phasing was fixed (relative to the step cycle in the contralateral forelimb); in others there were progressive phase shifts (or more complex changes) as speed increased. During locomotion up a 10 degrees incline discharge phasings were the same as on the flat in all of the twenty‐seven neurones studied and most showed no substantial change in mean rate or peak rate (although there were substantial increases in limb muscle electromyogram amplitudes).
Adaptation Positions and Behavior Among Post—Myocardial Infarction Patients

This study explores myocardial infarction patients' experiences of adaptation to illness consequences after one year, focusing on experiences of “the self. ” The study sample consisted of 19 respondents (10 women, 9 men) who have suffered a first-time myocardial infarction. They were interviewed 1 year after the acute heart attack. A constant comparative method for grounded theory provided the strategies used for data collection and analysis. Codes emerged and memos clarified theoretical reflections. The resulting model was able to illustrate possible mechanisms underlying two different behaviors: self-modifying and self-protecting behavior. Four different adaptation positions were identified: put up with current health, struggle for health, ignore illness , and struggle against illness. These categories were related to two core categories: self-agency and coping with illness consequences . This model may clarify the different adaptive behavior observed among post—myocardial infarction patients.
A Quantitative, Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Ephedrine Versus Phenylephrine for the Management of Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery

This quantitative systematic review compared the efficacy and safety of ephedrine with phenylephrine for the prevention and treatment of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Seven randomized controlled trials (n = 292) were identified after a systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry), published articles, and contact with authors. Outcomes assessed were maternal hypotension, hypertension and bradycardia, and neonatal umbilical cord blood pH values and Apgar scores. For the management (prevention and treatment) of maternal hypotension, there was no difference between phenylephrine and ephedrine (relative risk [RR] of 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–1.06). Maternal bradycardia was more likely to occur with phenylephrine than with ephedrine (RR of 4.79; 95% CI, 1.47–15.60). Women given phenylephrine had neonates with higher umbilical arterial pH values than those given ephedrine (weighted mean difference of 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02–0.04). There was no difference between the two vasopressors in the incidence of true fetal acidosis (umbilical arterial pH value of <7.2; RR of 0.78; 95% CI, 0.16–3.92) or Apgar score of <7 at 1 and 5 min. This systematic review does not support the traditional idea that ephedrine is the preferred choice for the management of maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery in healthy, nonlaboring women.
Evaluation of platelet membrane glycoproteins in coronary artery disease : consequences for diagnosis and therapy

Platelets play a fundamental role in atherogenesis and development of ischemic complications.1 2 3 Under physiological conditions, platelets do not interact with the vessel wall. Injury of vascular intima disrupts the antithrombotic properties of endothelium and exposes the blood to adhesive molecules of the subendothelium. Platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall is the first step in hemostasis and thrombosis.4 Platelet adhesion is followed by spreading and activation, resulting in release of granule components and aggregate formation.5 6 On initial contact, platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib/V/IX complex binds to von Willebrand factor associated with collagen on the subendothelial surface (Figure 1⇓)4 5 and thus arrests the platelet on the vessel surface. The collagen receptor α2β1 is an important secondary receptor for platelet adhesion. α2β1-Collagen interaction leads to platelet activation and is critical for the spreading process involving the fibrinogen receptor GP IIb/IIIa to ensure close contact of the spread platelet with the surface.5 Other adhesion receptors, including the fibronectin receptor α5β1 and the laminin receptor α6β1, support and strengthen secondary adhesion (Figure 1⇓). The fibrinogen receptor GP IIb/IIIa is particularly important in platelet-platelet coadhesion, termed aggregation. This requires conformational changes in GP IIb/IIIa that allow binding of soluble fibrinogen to the platelet membrane (Figure 2⇓). Thus, fibrinogen bridging allows formation of platelet aggregates (Figure 2⇓). 6 7 8 9 Figure 1. Platelet membrane glycoproteins and primary hemostasis. vWF indicates von Willebrand factor; Fn, fibronectin; Col, collagen; Lam, laminin; and AA, arachidonic acid. Figure 2. Platelet aggregation. Epi indicates epinephrine; Col, collagen; and Fg, fibrinogen. Platelet adhesion and aggregation induce intracellular signaling, which mediates several responses, such as formation and secretion of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), serotonin, and ADP6 (Figure …
Estrous cycle patterns in cattle monitored by electrical resistance and milk progesterone.

An electronic probe with parallel stainless steel electrodes was designed to measure changes in electrical resistance in the anterior vagina associated with increased cervical mucus secretion at estrus. Three groups of Holsteins were probed, and a sample of residual milk after milking was taken for progesterone assay every 2nd day for 28 to 40 days. Group I consisted of 29 cycling virgin heifers, Group II consisted of 24 lactating cows in the Cornell herd, and Group III consisted of 62 lactating cows in three commercial herds. Lactating cows were 26 or more days postpartum when sampling began. In Group I, 77% of the measurements at the ventral surface of the anterior vagina were lowest on the day of estrus and correlated well with days KaMaR Heatmount Detectors were triggered or chalk was erased. In Groups II and III, average electrical resistance also was minimal at estrus and was correlated . 92 to . 99 with average milk progesterone during the 4 days preceding and including estrus. The electronic probe appears to enable one to detect which cows are cycling normally and to aid in determining when to expect estrus.