Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Evaluation Method Based Multi-Dimensional Test Coverage for Software Testing

As the size and complexity of mission-critical application software continues to grow, the cost of Software Testing (ST) is also increasing. The numerous methods and processes used to evaluate ST dynamically and quantitatively to improve testing efficiency serve as practice problems in the ST field. Based on multi-dimensional test coverage models, this paper proposes a dynamic evaluation method for ST and discusses it from the viewpoint of testing monitoring information, dynamic analysis and evaluation models, and testing optimized strategy. Furthermore, a concept, Synthetic Test Coverage (STC), is defined in this paper, and its empirical formulas are also presented. Examples show that the methods are useful in helping ST evaluation groups to track and control the effects of ST and for improving the user’s ability to observe and control the ST process.
ESSAIS SUR LA DÉCENTRALISATION DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT

Visant a redefinir le role du secteur public et a ameliorer ses performances, un processus de decentralisation des fonctions gouvernementales a ete engage dans un grand nombre de pays en developpement. Cette these, s'articulant autour de quatre parties, aborde differents aspects de la decentralisation dans les pays en developpement. La partie 1, consistant en une revue de la litterature, s'attache a analyser les effets theoriques attendus de la decentralisation, a examiner leur pertinence dans le cadre particulier des pays en developpement et a dresser un bilan critique des etudes econometriques evaluant l'existence de tels effets (chapitre 1). La partie 2 s'interesse a la pertinence d'un argument essentiel en faveur de la decentralisation, largement ignore dans les etudes portant sur les pays en developpement : le principe de competition. Il s'agit alors d'analyser l'existence d'interactions strategiques entre les gouvernements locaux dans un contexte de ressources budgetaires faibles (cas du Benin, chapitre 2) et d'absence de democratie locale (cas de la Chine, chapitre 3). La partie 3 porte sur les relations verticales entre le gouvernement central et les gouvernements locaux. Plus precisement, elle se focalise sur l'effet des transferts du centre sur les recettes budgetaires propres des communes au Benin (chapitre 4) et sur les determinants de l'allocation des transferts entre les juridictions locales du Senegal (chapitre 5). Enfin, la partie 4 est consacree a determiner l'impact moyen et distributionnel de la decentralisation sur l'acces des populations locales aux services de base (chapitre 6).
Visualizing Wikipedia Article and User Networks: Extracting Knowledge Structures using NodeXL

As a public and open-source resource, Wikipedia is used by many in the public as a quick reference; academic researchers have tapped Wikipedia for humanand machine-based insights. The MediaWiki understructure enables a wide range of transparency, enabling users to very easily search and access template-structured text and image contents, source citations, contributors, page histories, and others. Transparency has been hard-wired into the platform technology. Developers have been building tools to extend the transparency of data built on a MediaWiki understructure. Network Overview, Discovery and Exploration for Excel (NodeXL) features a third-party graph data importer that enables the extraction of MediaWiki article (and user) networks, which include all of the languages of Wikipedias. This chapter highlights the uses of graphs from two main types of Wikipedia pages for increased knowledge transparency: (1) topical article pages and (2) contributor user pages (whether human or robot).
Ultrasonic impact detection techniques for an EC135 tailboom

Sandwich components with honeycomb cores and composite skins out of CFRP or GFRP afford lightweight designs with high specific stiffness and strength. They exhibit high potentials for special structures in aerospace. On the other hand these materials are impact sensitive and show a high complexity at non destructive testing or structural health monitoring methods. Within the EU project AISHA II (Aircraft integrated structural health assessment) investigations on a 3.5m long EC135 Tailboom were carried out at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) with the purpose of evaluating and adjusting established ultrasonic testing methods on the specific structure and the development of a qualified SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) system. In ultrasonic echo-technique only frequencies below 1 MHz penetrate the curved structure. Therefore a low frequency technique with one side access was adjusted for in-field inspections. The harmonics of the transmitter excitation and the scattering of the material are suppressed on the receiver side by filters. This technique provides clear results. CScans of the structure allow the identification of any relevant structure damage. However, a disadvantage is the time consuming scanning and the following costs for service inspections. SHM with Guided waves affords an alternative for damage detection in service. Guided waves like Lamb waves propagate over wide ranges with low attenuation and interact with impacts. They can by excited by PZT transducers. Lamb waves are dispersive and show an anisotropic propagation in the Tailboom structure. On low frequencies there are two wave modes. The symmetric S0 and the asymmetric A0 with different wavelengths interact together and with their reflections and refractions. Beyond that mode conversions are possible. The evaluation of single sensor signals poses a challenge. The visualisation of Lamb wave propagation provides a better understanding of wave behaviour in the structure. Therefore, an adjusted ultrasonic scanning technique was used. An air coupled sensor is moved over the component. For every scanning point a full A-Scan is stored in a special data file. Out of this different types of visualisation can be calculated (A-, B-, Cand D-scans and video animations of wave propagation). A further task for network design is the calculation of virtual sensors. A sensor layout and position can be used for calculating its expected signal. This technique enables the optimisation of entire sensor networks. This paper presents results of different ultrasonic inspection techniques for the EC135 Tailboom. A pulse-echo scanning technique is used as reference for impact visualisation. A SHM system based on Lamb waves has been developed. Impact detection resolution and fidelity are
Effect of Nano-filled Protective Coating on Microhardness and Wear Resistance of Glass-ionomer Cements

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding a protective coating on the microhardness and wear resistance of glass ionomer cements (GICs). Specimens were prepared from GIC and resin-modified GIC (RMGI), and divided into 3 groups based on surface protection: (1) no coating (NC), (2) Equia coat coating (EC), and (3) un-filled adhesive coating (AD). All specimens were then placed in distilled water for 24 h. Surface hardness (n = 10) was evaluated on a Vickers hardness testing machine. Wear resistance (n = 10) was evaluated after subjecting the specimen to thermocycling for 10,000 cycles using a chewing simulator. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Surface hardness was highest in the NC groups, followed by the EC and AD groups. The wear depth of GI + NC was significantly higher than that of all RMGI groups. EC did not significantly lower the wear depth compared to AD. Based on these results, it was concluded that although EC does not increase the surface microhardness of GIC, it can increase the wear resistance.
Concerns about High Functionality IP Cores in a System with Functional Redundancy

Thispaperdiscussesthe impactof theuseof high functionality IP cores on software developmentfor a system designedwith FunctionalRedundancy . FunctionalRedundancyis a novel approach for systemdesignwhich aimsat shorteningTAT (Turn Around Time) for SoCdesignsand allowing dynamicexchange of system’ s characteristicsof powerconsumptionand performance. It is basedon having differentimplementationinstancesof circuitswith same functionality, but with different performance-ener gy consumptioncharacteristics,in thesamechip. AnRTOSaware of thefunctionalredundancypresentin thecircuit will make the dispatch of instructionsto the highestperformanceor to the lowestpower consumingIP core, according to the systemload, thus,obtainingminimumpowerconsumption whilemeetingperformancerequirements.Problemsrelated with IP cores’ level of functionality and its applicability to Functional Redundancydesignapproach are also discussed.
Pt-Dumbbells in Ba3Pt2: Interplay of Geometric and Relativistic Effects on Pt–Pt Bonding

Abstract Ba3Pt2 has been synthesized by reaction of a 3 : 2 mixture of Ba and Pt at 1223 K in argon, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination and electrical resistivity measurements. Ba3Pt2 crystallizes in the Er3Ni2 structure type (space group R3̅ with a = 962.40(6), c = 1860.6(1) pm, Z = 9, R(F)N′ = 0.063, N′(hkl) = 777), and is isotypic to Ca3Pt2 and Sr3Pt2. The Pt atoms occur in pairs at a distance of 303 pm. According to the analysis of the Electron Localization Function and the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population obtained from DFT band structure calculations, covalent bonding can be assumed in the Pt-dumbbells, although it is weaker in Ba3Pt2 than in Ca3Pt2. The peculiarities of the platinum compounds due to relativistic effects are elaborated by a comparison with theoretical results for Ca3Pd2. Ba3Pt2 exhibits metallic conductivity (ρ270 = 0.7 mΩ · cm), which is in accordance with band structure calculations.
Sea water absorption on corrosion and hardness properties of lining brake with hybrid particulates composites

This work is focused on study water absorption behavior on hybrid particle reinforcement for phenolic resin composites. This experiment works subjected to investigates corrosion and hardness properties effect of seawater absorption. Hybrid composites were constructed by three types of particles such as basalt, seashell, and alumina were mixed for reinforcement, and the phenolic resin was employed as a matrix. Specimens were manufactured by using the hot-press process on temperatures and pressure of 150°C and 2000N. Water absorption test was carried out by immersing specimens in seawater at room temperature for different time durations (3, 14, 24, 30, and 60 days) according to ASTM D 570 standard. The morphology of hybrid particles composites was investigated by SEM. The result showed that the increasing weight fraction of basalt powder has increased the hardness of specimens. Water absorption was shown monotonous trend on all hybrid composites configuration. In addition, hybrid composite immersion in seawater made hybrid particle composites corrosive.
Estimation of probabilistic worst case execution time while accounting OS costs

The arrival of modern and more complex processors (e.g., use of caches, multi-and many-core processors) increases the timing variability of tasks, i.e., the worst case execution time (WCET) is becoming significantly larger, while the probability of appearance of a worst case execution time is extremely low. Approaches taking into account this probability have been the topic of last years research by defining the probabilistic worst case execution time of a task as a probabilistic bound on all execution time scenarios. Existing measurement-based approaches consider the execution of the tasks in isolation and our contribution provides hints for accounting OS costs.
Active Server Pages 2.0 Unleashed

From the Publisher: Active Server Pages 2.0 Unleashed has been completely revised to answer the needs of the intermediate/advanced ASP 2.0 user. The book has been refocused to provide detailed coverage of the core concepts within ASP as well as more advanced topic coverage. Topic coverage will include in depth coverage of the ASP objects as well as topics such as building custom components, scriptlets, working with transactions, DNA, CDO, ADO, and more. Each chapter stands on its own so that you can focus on the topics you are currently interested in. To help you get the most out of each chapter, examples will be presented that contain functionality used in real-world Web applications. This will allow you to port the code to your own applications quickly and easily.
Study of statistical distribution for four-port TEM cell

The transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cells are widely used for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing and field probe calibrations. We propose the verification of TEM mode with statistical method using a four-port TEM cell. The verification results are compared with Normal, Rayleigh, and Gamma distribution. As a result, the 75 % quantile of the Rayleigh distribution is excellent agreement with the true quantiles for a number of calibration points.
Clinical observation of hydromorphone in the prevention of postoperative analgesia after cesarean section

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate and compare the effects and safety of the epidural injection of different doses of hydromorphone hydrochloride on postoperative analgesia after cesarean section. Methods: A total of 150 full-term singleton primiparas who underwent cesarean section under combined spinalepidural anesthesia (CSEA) were enrolled and randomly divided into group A, group B, and group C according to a random number table, with 50 parturients in each group. At the end of the operation, parturients in the three groups were connected with an epidural catheter and a disposable analgesic syringe pump for postoperative analgesia. The analgesic pump configurations in the groups A, B and C were respectively as follows: 2 mg, 4 mg and 6 mg hydromorphone hydrochloride + 238.4 mg ropivacaine. The visual analogue scale (VAS), numeric rating scale (NRS), Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) and incidence of postoperative adverse reactions were recorded at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th and 48th hour after operation. Results: Parturients in the group C had significantly lower VAS and NRS scores than those in the groups A and B at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th hour after operation, and those in the group B had lower VAS and NRS scores than those in the group A (all P<0.05). Parturients in the group C had significantly higher RSS score than those in the groups A and B, and those in the group B had higher RSS score than those in the group A (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Epidural injection of different doses of hydromorphone hydrochloride has a good analgesic effect in the early stage after cesarean section, of which 6 mg hydromorphone hydrochloride is more effective.
Examining Linguistic Characteristics of Paraphrase in Test-Taker Summaries. Research Report. ETS RR-12-18.

This annotation study is designed to help us gain an increased understanding of paraphrase strategies used by native and nonnative English speakers and how these strategies might affect test takers' essay scores. Toward that end, this study aims to examine and analyze the paraphrase and the types of linguistic modifications used in paraphrase in test-taker responses and differences that may exist between native and nonnative English speakers. We are also interested in how these factors might influence final essay score. Outcomes discussed in this report can be used to inform the development of new e-rater® scoring engine features that capture information related to paraphrase, specifically in nonnative speaker responses to the TOEFL® exam integrated writing task.
Study on the association of platelet membrane glycoprotein IaC 807 T gene polymorphism with the susceptibitity to ischemic cerebrovascular disease in Han population of Henan province

69 Study on the association of platelet membrane glycoprotein IaC807T gene polymorphism with the susceptibitity to ischemic cerebrovascular disease in Han population of Henan province. Liu Wei, Lu Guangxiu, Xu Yuming, Zheng Hong Department of Neurology in HuaiHe Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Kaifeng 475000 Department of Neurology in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001
New Event Detection Based on Division Comparison of Subtopic

New event detection is an important research in the field of topic detection and tracking, and its task is real-time monitoring the stream of news stories and identifying the new topics in it. Current methods match the topics and stories as they are single-structured vectors of terms, which make the subtopics become noises of each other, and these noises often describe wrong semantics, by which the identification of new topics would be misled. In response to this defect, this paper proposes a new event detection method based on division comparison of subtopics, which divided each topic and story into different subtopics and identified new topic basing on the proportion and distribution relations of the relevant subtopics. This method achieves substantial improvement on TDT4 and TDT5, whose minimum cost of detection error is 0.4061 and missing probability is 0.1859.
Exploration of the Working Principle and Application of Word2vec

This paper studies the working principle and application of Word2vec,defines the key problems of statistical language model, analyzes the characteristics of word vector, probes into the basic principles of neural network language model,Log_Linear model and Log_Bilinear model,makes a detailed analysi on the working principle of word vector's training framework of word2vec, and derives the objective functions of the training models,and introduces the main files in Word2vec project and training parameters, and applies Word2vec into the training of Chinese word vector.
An Extended Relational Model & SQL for Fuzzy Multidatabases

This chapter investigates the problems in integration of fuzzy relational databases and extends the relational data model to support fuzzy multidatabases of type-2 that contain integrated fuzzy relational databases. The extended model is given the name fuzzy tuple source (FTS) relational data model which is provided with a set of FTS relational operations to manipulate the global relations, called FTS relations, from such fuzzy multidatabases. The chapter proposes and implements a full set of FTS relational algebraic operations capable of manipulating an extensive set of fuzzy relational multidatabases of type-2 that include fuzzy data values in their instances. To facilitate formulation of global fuzzy query over FTS relations in such fuzzy multidatabases, an appropriate extension to SQL can be done so as to get fuzzy tuple source structured query language (FTS-SQL). Many real world problems involve imprecise and ambiguous information rather than crisp information. Recent trends in the database paradigm are to incorporate fuzzy sets to tackle imprecise and ambiguous information of real world problems. Fuzzy query processing in multidatabases have been extensively studied, however, the same has rarely been addressed for fuzzy multidatabases. This chapter attempts to extend the SQL to formulate a global fuzzy query on a fuzzy multidatabase under FTS relational model discussed earlier. The chapter provides architecture for distributed fuzzy query processing with a strategy for fuzzy query decomposition and optimization. Proofs of consistent global fuzzy operations and some of algebraic properties of FTS Relational Model are also supplemented.
DETECTING DEFECTS DURING POWDER DEPOSITION IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing applications, in areas such as aerospace and medicine, are limited due to the lack of process stability and quality management [1]. In particular, geometrical inaccuracies and the presence of mechanical defects hinder repeatability of the process. To break into industries with very high quality standards, an important issue to be addressed is in-situ quality control during a built. The work which will be presented here is focused on image based process monitoring of the powder bed after the deposition of a new powder layer. We will also discuss the effects these might have on powder-metal consolidation. Preliminary results will be shown of defects identified and processes after a new powder layer has been deposited.
Residual stress evaluation at macro- and micro-scales for non-oriented electrical steels

Non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) is a magnetic flux carrying material, which has been extensively used in application of electric motors. Studies have been carried out for the purpose of improving the motor efficiency through optimising the steel texture, grain size, and chemical compositions. Recently, the importance of residual stresses induced during manufacturing processes was recognised as another major factor influencing the motor efficiency. In order to further improve it, reliable residual stress measurement techniques are required. In this study, a micro-stress measurement technique, combining nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy, was established. Firstly, fundamental studies about material responses under indentation were carried out using polycrystalline Fe as a model. The phenomena of pop-in, plastic zone size, and relationship between macro-stress and micro-stress were investigated. Using the proved procedures from the fundamental studies, residual stresses induced by interlocking and coating processes for NOES were measured. Significant strain hardening effects, as well as residual stresses were calculated based on material hardness variations. The determined stress profile and size of the stress effect regions demonstrated good agreements with what has been reported before. %%%%Les aciers electriques non-orientes (NOES) sont des materiaux magnetiques qui sont tres utilises comme moteurs electriques. Des etudes ayant pour but d'ameliorer l'efficacite des moteurs en optimisant la texture cristalline, la taille des grains et la composition des aciers NOES. Recemment, l'importance du stress residuel cree par le procede de fabrication a ete determinee comme un des facteurs importants qui influence l'efficacite du moteur. Pour ameliorer le procede de fabrication, des techniques de mesures precises du stress residuel sont necessaires. Dans cette etude, une technique de mesure du stress qui combine la nanoindentation et le microscope a balayage a ete etablie. Premierement, une etude fondamentale de la reponse du materiau apres indentation a ete faite sur un materiau polycristallin de Fe comme modele. Le phenomene de pop-in, taille de la deformation plastique et relation entre le macro-stress et micro-stress ont ete etudies. Utilisant les memes procedures qui ont ete verifies avec le modele, le stress residuel induit par emboitement et le procede de recouvrement des NOES a ete mesure. Un effet d'ecrouissage important et stress residuel ont ete calcules selon la variation de la durete du materiau. Le profil de stress determine et la taille de la region stressee s'accordent avec les etudes precedentes.