Effects of Different Planting Modes on Peanut Photosynthetic Characteristics, Leaf Area Index and Yield in the Sandy Area

Five planting modes were designed to study photosynthetic characteristics, leaf area index and yield of peanut variety as Fu Hua 17 in order to provide theoretical basis for peanut yield increase in the sandy area. Results showed that the mode of peanuts planted for double rows in the border check with mulched drip irrigation (T1) was the best. The second was the mode with single grain planted and staggered for double rows in the bare ridge (T2). The order for the yield from the highest to the lowest for the five modes was: those planted for double rows in the border check with mulched drip irrigation (T1) > those with single grain planted and staggered for double rows in the ridge (T2) > those planted and densified in the narrower ridge (T3) > those planted for three rows in the border check (T4) > those as normally planted in the bare field (CK). Therefore, the planting mode of double rows in the border check with mulched drip irrigation (T1) and the mode of single grain planted and staggered for double rows in the bare ridge (T2) were better for the sandy area. Keywords-planting mode; photosynthetic characteristics; canopy structure; peanut yield During the recent years, many domestic scholars attached more and more importance to high-yield colony structure in the crop high-yield cultivation[1,2]. They maintained that yield increase could be achieved by improving ventilation and light penetration for the population as far as possible[3-5], as well as by improving LUE (light utility efficiency) on the premise of satisfying soil, fertilizer and water. A few studies showed that tillage methods could not only improve colony structure, but also improve soil microenvironment[6]. At present, many scholars have done more researches on different planting density for peanuts, whereas most were limited to the planting mode of the same species [7-10]. Peanuts with different density gradients in different planting modes were studied in the experiment. With the help of the dynamic changes analysis in photosynthetic rate, content of chlorophyll (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) for peanut treatments, comprehensive analysis were assumed finally in combination with the yields to offer scientific basis for selecting favorable planting density and planting modes in the sandy semiarid region. I. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Experimental area situation The experiment was designed in Zhanggutai station of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The station lies at north latitude 42°42′, east longitude 122°32′ and height 213.1 meters. The cropped soil is loam soil, with organic content, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH as 27.4g/kg,143 mg/kg,66.0 mg/kg,108 mg/kg, and 5.6 respectively. The frostless season is 150-155 days. The active accumulated temperature (≧10°C)is 3468°C. The average temperature annually is 6.82°C. The annual precipitation is 500-520mm, most in July and August frequently. Annual evaporation is about 1600-1800mm. Dryness is about 4.0, as that in a semi arid region, where spring International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering (MEIC 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 982 drought, summer drought and autumn hanging occurs, or spring drought, summer drought and autumn hanging occurs alternately [2]. B. Experiment design This experiment was designed in the sandy soil with Fuhua17 as variety. Four treatments were specified, with an additional treatment as normally planted as control check (CK). T1 represented those planted with mulched drip irrigation. Peanuts were planted as mulched for double rows in the border check. The top width of the border was 65cm, the bottom width 95-100cm, and the height was 1020cm. There are two rows for furrow planting with row spacing of 35cm, where in the drip belts were paved, row spacing 9~10cm for single-seed planting [1314] with the density of 14000/667m2. T2 represented single grain planted and staggered for double rows in the bare ridge. The ridge spacing was 60cm, and the furrow spacing was 15cm, and 14-15cm spacing for single-grain planting as staggered with the density of 16000/667m2. T3 represented those planted and densified in narrower ridge. The ridge spacing was 45cm. Single peanut grain was planted with plant spacing 7-8cm with density of 18000/667m2. T4 represented those planted for three rows in the bare border check. The top width of the border was 100-105cm, and the bottom width was 120cm for three rows of peanuts. The spacing of the border was 30cm. Single peanut grain was planted with plant spacing 7-8cm, row spacing 3035cm with the density of 20000/667m2. T5 represented those normally planted (CK). The ridge spacing was 60cm. Single peanut grain was planted with plant spacing 9-10cm with the density of 12000/667m2. 50kg slow release fertilizer special for peanut, 10kg complex fertilizer special for peanut and 1kg plural micro fertilizer were applied to peanuts per 667m2. Each treatment was under sprinkling irrigation twice during pod swelling and maturity period (T1 under drip irrigation, however) to ensure normal need for water by peanuts in mid-later period, and the other field management was identical.