Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dopamine D1 receptor agonist improved learning and memory in morphine-treated rats

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this article is to study the role of the dopamine (DA) D1 receptor in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) on learning and memory in morphine-addicted rats. Methods: DA D1 receptor agonist SKF81297 and D1 receptor antagonist SCH SCH23390 were administrated into the PAG, respectively, and the learning and memory behavioral changes of morphine addicted rats were detected by water maze. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) in PAG. Results: D1 receptor agonist shortened the latency to platform and increased the number of platform crossings, indicating improved learning and memory ability of morphine addict rat. D1 receptor agonist increased GAD67 expression and decreased TrkB in PAG. Conclusion: (1) The PAG is involved in the learning and memory changes of the addicted rats; (2) the activation of DA D1 receptor will increase the GAD67, reduce the damage to peripheral neurons, and improve the learning and memory of the addicted rats; and (3) D1 receptor agonists further reduced TrkB expression in morphine-addicted rats, whereas TrkB levels deviated from changes in rat behavior.
Using Questions to Enhance Rheumatology Education

Meeting the increased demand for rheumatology care in the future will require changing the way rheumatology is taught. Enhancing rheumatology education may encourage more trainees to pursue rheumatology careers and improve knowledge about musculoskeletal conditions for primary care providers. However, the inherent uncertainty that surrounds the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of many rheumatic diseases presents a unique challenge to rheumatology education and demands a distinct approach. By mastering the art of questioning, faculty can improve a learner's ability to understand and remember the material, apply knowledge in new settings, overcome cognitive biases, support an environment of inquiry, and develop metacognition, even under uncertainty. Trainees should also learn the craft of asking questions as a method of studying, a practice that stimulates curiosity, and a tool that will help them become life-long, self-directed learners. In this guide, we present the evidence behind the power of questions, provide a model for the best use of questions in various teaching venues, and recommend specific techniques for effective questioning. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Topology of Shared Control Systems—Finding Common Ground in Diversity

Shared control is an increasingly popular approach to facilitate control and communication between humans and intelligent machines. However, there is little consensus in guidelines for design and evaluation of shared control, or even in a definition of what constitutes shared control. This lack of consensus complicates cross fertilization of shared control research between different application domains. This paper provides a definition for shared control in context with previous definitions, and a set of general axioms for design and evaluation of shared control solutions. The utility of the definition and axioms are demonstrated by applying them to four application domains: automotive, robot-assisted surgery, brain–machine interfaces, and learning. Literature is discussed for each of these four domains in light of the proposed definition and axioms. Finally, to facilitate design choices for other applications, we propose a hierarchical framework for shared control that links the shared control literature with traded control, co-operative control, and other human–automation interaction methods. Future work should reveal the generalizability and utility of the proposed shared control framework in designing useful, safe, and comfortable interaction between humans and intelligent machines.
A comparison of perceptions of nuts between the general public, dietitians, general practitioners, and nurses

Background Nut consumption at the population level remains low despite the well-documented benefits of their consumption, including their cardioprotective effects. Studies have suggested that advice from health professionals may be a means to increase nut consumption levels. Understanding how nuts are perceived by the public and health professionals, along with understanding the public’s perceptions of motivators of and deterrents to consuming nuts, may inform the development of initiatives to improve on these low levels of consumption. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare perceptions of nuts among three groups of health professionals (dietitians, general practioners, and practice nurses) and the general public in New Zealand (NZ), along with motivators of and deterrents to consuming nuts amongst the general public and their experiences of receiving advice around nut consumption. Methods The NZ electoral roll was used to identify dietitians, general practitioners (GPs), and practice nurses, based on their free-text occupation descriptions, who were then invited to complete a questionnaire with 318, 292, and 149 respondents respectively. 1,600 members of the general public were randomly selected from the roll with 710 respondents. Analyses were performed using chi-squared tests to look at differences in categorical variables and linear regression for differences in other variables between the four survey groups. Results Although there were significant differences between the four groups regarding the perceptions of nuts, in general there was agreement that nuts are healthy, high in protein and fat, are filling, and some nuts are high in selenium. We noted frequent agreement that the general public participants would consume more if nuts: improved health (67%), were more affordable (60%), or improved the nutrient content (59%) and balance of fats (58%) within their diets. Over half the respondents reported they would eat more nuts if they were advised to do so by a dietitian or doctor, despite less than 4% reporting they had received such advice. The most frequently selected deterrents to increasing nut consumption were: cost (67%), potential weight gain (66%), and leading to eating too much fat (63%). Discussion It is concerning that so few among the general public report receiving advice to consume more nuts from health professionals, especially given their apparent responsiveness to such advice. Health professionals could exploit the motivators of nut consumption, while also addressing the deterrents, to promote nut intake. These factors should also be addressed in public health messages to encourage regular nut consumption among the public. Educational initiatives could also be used to improve the nutritional knowledge of GPs and practice nurses with regard to nuts, although even dietitians were unsure of their knowledge in some cases.
Auto-tuning Distributed Stream Processing Systems using Reinforcement Learning

Fine tuning distributed systems is considered to be a craftsmanship, relying on intuition and experience. This becomes even more challenging when the systems need to react in near real time, as streaming engines have to do to maintain pre-agreed service quality metrics. In this article, we present an automated approach that builds on a combination of supervised and reinforcement learning methods to recommend the most appropriate lever configurations based on previous load. With this, streaming engines can be automatically tuned without requiring a human to determine the right way and proper time to deploy them. This opens the door to new configurations that are not being applied today since the complexity of managing these systems has surpassed the abilities of human experts. We show how reinforcement learning systems can find substantially better configurations in less time than their human counterparts and adapt to changing workloads.
Unappreciated role of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 in pancreatic β cells: Multiple roles of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 in glucose and lipid metabolism

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related protein 1 (LRP-1) belongs to the LDLR family, which includes LDLR, LRP-2/megalin, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, and apolipoprotein E (apoE) receptor 2. Previous studies revealed that these receptors have distinct physiological roles in various organs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
LPS expands MDSCs by inhibiting apoptosis through the regulation of the GATA2/let‐7e axis

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a group of immature myeloid cells composed of myeloid progenitor cells and immature myeloid cells that can negatively regulate immune responses by inhibiting T‐cell function. In mice, MDSCs are broadly defined by the expression of CD11b and Gr1. We and others have shown that injection of a lethal or sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice could result in the expansion of MDSCs in the bone marrow (BM), spleen and blood. Until now, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this expansion are poorly studied; specifically, the roles of the individual microRNAs (miRNAs) which may be involved remain largely unknown. We performed microarray analysis to compare the miRNA expression profiles of CD11b+Gr1+ cells sorted from the BM of LPS‐injected and phosphate‐buffered saline‐injected mice. We identified let‐7e, which was highly upregulated in the LPS‐treated group, as a potent regulator of LPS‐induced MDSC expansion. Furthermore, let‐7e overexpression in BM chimeric mice led to a noticeable increase in the population of CD11b+Gr1+ cells, which resulted from reduced cellular apoptosis. Further studies showed that let‐7e could directly target caspase‐3 to inhibit cell apoptosis, and upregulation of let‐7e in LPS‐stimulated MDSCs could be due to the relieved repression of let‐7e transcription exerted by downregulated GATA2. Our findings suggest that LPS expands MDSCs by inhibiting apoptosis through the regulation of the GATA2/let‐7e axis.
Recent advances in molecular testing to improve early diagnosis in children with mucopolysaccharidoses

ABSTRACT Introduction: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders with high phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, making precise diagnosis challenging. Although enzyme activity assay is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of these disorders, molecular testing can greatly refine this task. New methods for rapid detection of variants are useful to reduce the ‘diagnostic odyssey’ faced by patients and their family, to lead to appropriate genetic counseling and to select the most appropriate therapy for each case. Areas covered: We review and discuss the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the modern technologies in the field of molecular diagnosis of MPS, presenting our own experience. Expert commentary: While current molecular genetics testing for MPS mostly relies on PCR and Sanger sequencing, promising alternative techniques have emerged over the last few years, and its application into routine clinical practice is gaining momentum.
In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction Characterization of Corrosion Products of a Ti‐Based Metallic Glass for Implant Applications

Ti‐based bulk metallic glasses are under consideration for implants due to their high yield strength and biocompatibility. In this work, in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is used to investigate the corrosion products formed from corrosion of Ti40Zr10Cu34Pd14Sn2 bulk metallic glass in artificial corrosion pits in physiological saline (NaCl). It is found that Pd nanoparticles form in the interior of the pits during electrochemical dissolution. At a low pit growth potential, the change in lattice parameter of the Pd nanoparticles is consistent with the formation of palladium hydride. In addition, a salt layer very close to the dissolving interface is found to contain CuCl, PdCl2, ZrOCl2∙8H2O, Cu, Cu2O, and several unidentified phases. The formation of Pd nanoparticles (16 ± 10 nm at 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl) containing small amounts of the other alloying elements is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The addition of albumin and/or H2O2 does not significantly influence the nature of the corrosion products. When considering the biological compatibility of the alloy, the biological reactivity of the corrosion products identified should be explored.
The Relationship Between Social Support and Personal Recovery in Bipolar Disorder

Objective: Mood symptoms may impact on personal recovery and psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to explore whether recent mood symptoms were associated with recovery and social support from friends, family, and partners. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 312 participants who self-reported a confirmed diagnosis of BD and were recruited through social media. Results: A series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. Those who reported depression (52%) or hypo/mania (47%) reported lower recovery scores. Those who reported seeing family and >1 friend reported higher recovery scores along with those who were employed, did not receive benefits, and had higher education. Recent hypo/mania symptoms were associated with less family contact. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Friends and family may be conducive to recovery, however recent symptoms may have an impact. More research is required to understand how hypo/mania symptoms may influence accessing family support.
Fractal Intelligent Privacy Protection in Online Social Network Using Attribute-Based Encryption Schemes

While the online social network (OSN) has brought much convenience to users, there are still some serious problems, such as personal privacy leaks. Today, OSN security and privacy protection are one of the most important focuses of the research. In this paper, we present an intelligent privacy protection approach to solve problems of security and privacy protection in OSNs. First, the proposed algorithm combines a neural network with a hybrid hierarchy genetic algorithm and radial basis function, which is used to construct a prediction model of OSN security. Then, a support vector machine is applied to preprocess information of the OSN, and the attribute-based encryption scheme is adopted to encrypt the OSN information. Finally, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to improve OSN security and privacy protection. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bayesian Admission Policies for Cloud Computing Clusters

Cloud computing providers must handle heterogeneous customer workloads for resources such as (virtual) CPU or GPU cores. This is particularly challenging if customers, who are already running a job on a cluster, scale their resource usage up and down over time. The provider therefore has to continuously decide whether she can add additional workloads to a given cluster or if doing so would impact existing workloads' ability to scale. Currently, this is often done using simple threshold policies to reserve large parts of each cluster, which leads to low average utilization of the cluster. In this paper, we propose more sophisticated Bayesian policies for controlling admission to a cluster and demonstrate that they significantly increase cluster utilization. We first introduce the cluster admission problem and formalize it as a constrained Partially Observable Markov Decision Problem (POMDP). We then fit the parameters of the POMDP on a data trace from Microsoft Azure. As it is infeasible to solve the POMDP optimally, we then systematically design heuristic Bayesian admission policies that estimate moments of each workload's distribution of future resource usage. Via simulations we show that our Bayesian admission policies lead to a substantial improvement over the simple threshold policy. We then evaluate how much further this can be improved with learned or elicited prior information and how to incentivize users to provide this information.
Toward General Robustness Evaluation of Incentive Mechanism Against Bounded Rationality

An incentive mechanism is designed to achieve desired outcomes as Nash equilibrium, by assuming agents to be fully rational. Nevertheless, practical agents may violate this assumption for various reasons, causing mechanisms to fail. Thus, before deploying a mechanism in practice, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate to what extent the Nash equilibrium can resist different kinds of bounded rationality, termed robustness. In this paper, focusing on Nash equilibrium, we first propose a general robustness formulation as the upper bound of the stable region of equilibrium strategies by generalizing existing bounded rationality models. We also show that different existing robustness formulations of Nash equilibrium can be derived from this general formulation, which verifies the soundness of our formulation. Then, we develop a robustness evaluation framework specifically for incentive mechanisms, of which the key component is the empirical stability test given a certain level of bounded rationality. Finally, the evaluation framework is validated on three typical but distinct incentive mechanisms, and the robustness computation results conform to our theoretical analysis. The comparison also offers us a good reference for making a proper selection among different designs.
Graphene Oxide-Doped Conducting Polymer Nanowires Fabricated by Soft Lithography for Gas Sensing Applications

This paper reported a high-performance e-nose type chemiresistive gas sensor composed of graphene oxide-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanowires. Large scale and well-defined sub-100-nm nanowires were prepared using nanoscale soft lithography in a highly efficient and facile way, facilitating subsequent device integration. The responses of the nanowire sensors to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be tuned by different polymer components, which are utilized to constitute unique identification codes for ethanol, n-hexane, acetone, and p-xylene and realize the discrimination of different VOCs. Besides, the score plot and classification matrix obtained, respectively, from the principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis provide sufficient information to differentiate different VOCs.
Finanspolitikk og finanskrise – hvilken effekt har egentlig finanspolitikken?

NORGES BANK Penger og Kreditt 2/2010 (årg. 38) 32–46 Da finanskrisen nådde sitt mest kritiske stadium etter at investeringsbanken Lehman Brothers kollapset i september 2008, sto myndighetene i Norge og andre land overfor en sjelden utfordring. Pengeog kapitalmarkedene stoppet opp fordi bankene ikke lenger ville låne ut penger til hverandre, og sentralbanker verden over måtte foreta betydelige rentereduksjoner og skaffe til veie nærmest ubegrensede mengder likviditet til banker for å holde dem i live. Kollapsen i finansmarkedene fikk globale makroøkonomiske følger gjennom stigende arbeidsledighet og negative vekstutsikter. Det ble tidlig klart at pengeog likviditetspolitiske virkemidler ikke ville være tilstrekkelig; det var også behov for finanspolitiske tiltak. Finanspolitiske stimuleringspakker ble lansert i et forsøk på å motvirke den negative effekten på økonomisk aktivitet. Stimuleringspakkene ble alle til etter kort planlegging, involverte meget store beløp og skulle i hovedsak tre i kraft i løpet av to år. Til tross for at studiene av hvilken effekt finanspolitikk har på realøkonomien er mange, hersker det fremdeles betydelig usikkerhet. En god forståelse av hvilken effekt finanspolitikk har, er viktig, både for private aktører som skal fatte konsumog investeringsbeslutninger, og i utformingen av pengepolitikken. Mot denne bakgrunnen vil det være hensiktsmessig å vurdere hvilken effekt finanspolitiske virkemidler – i kombinasjon med pengeog likviditetspolitiske virkemidler – har hatt som tiltak mot finanskrisen. Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over de ulike faktorene som bidrar til usikkerheten knyttet til effekten av finanspolitikk, og analyserer i lys av finanskrisen de hypoteser og resultater som foreligger. Resten av artikkelen er organisert på følgende måte: Avsnitt 2 gir en kort oversikt over hvordan finanskrisen har påvirket ulike land, og presenterer finanspolitiske stimuleringspakker for utvalgte land. Avsnitt 3 analyser usikkerheten knyttet til hvor stor effekt finanspolitikk har på realøkonomien, mens avsnitt 4 diskuterer hvorvidt effekten påvirkes av valg av finanspolitisk instrument. Avsnitt 5 drøfter betydningen av forventninger og troverdig kommunikasjon av fremtidige finanspolitiske beslutninger. Avsnitt 6 analyserer ulike situasjoner som har betydning for finanspolitisk handlingsrom. Avsnitt 7 konkluderer.
SQL-to-Text Generation with Graph-to-Sequence Model

Previous work approaches the SQL-to-text generation task using vanilla Seq2Seq models, which may not fully capture the inherent graph-structured information in SQL query. In this paper, we propose a graph-to-sequence model to encode the global structure information into node embeddings. This model can effectively learn the correlation between the SQL query pattern and its interpretation. Experimental results on the WikiSQL dataset and Stackoverflow dataset show that our model outperforms the Seq2Seq and Tree2Seq baselines, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.
Disulfide reductase systems in liver

Intermediary metabolism and detoxification place high demands on the disulfide reductase systems in most hepatocyte subcellular compartments. Biosynthetic, metabolic, cytoprotective and signalling activities in the cytosol; regulation of transcription in nuclei; respiration in mitochondria; and protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum all require resident disulfide reductase activities. In the cytosol, two NADPH‐dependent enzymes, glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as a recently identified NADPH‐independent system that uses catabolism of methionine to maintain pools of reduced glutathione, supply disulfide reducing power. However the necessary discontinuity between the cytosol and the interior of organelles restricts the ability of the cytosolic systems to support needs in other compartments. Maintenance of molecular‐ and charge‐gradients across the inner‐mitochondrial membrane, which is needed for oxidative phosphorylation, mandates that the matrix maintain an autonomous set of NADPH‐dependent disulfide reductase systems. Elsewhere, complex mechanisms mediate the transfer of cytosolic reducing power into specific compartments. The redox needs in each compartment also differ, with the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondrial inter‐membrane space and some signalling proteins in the cytosol each requiring different levels of protein oxidation. Here, we present an overview of the current understanding of the disulfide reductase systems in major subcellular compartments of hepatocytes, integrating knowledge obtained from direct analyses on liver with inferences from other model systems. Additionally, we discuss relevant advances in the expanding field of redox signalling.