Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Markets and Marketing Strategies, and Challenges in Locally Grown Fresh Produce Industry

Existing literature on locally grown food systems is extensive and spread. Navigating it can be tedious. This study uses an exploratory research approach to identify common findings and recommendations, and propose priorities, key variables, and relationships for future studies. Findings show that local food marketing through farmers’ markets and Community Supported Agriculture and the benefits of local food systems to local economies (found to be an on-going debate) dominate the literature heavily. Prior studies commonly reported enthusiasm for locally grown fresh produce, but present diverging results about significant consumer characteristics. Studies regarding marketing decisions among food growers/marketers, local foods supply chains, online markets for local food products, and the use of marketing mix tool are relatively limited. This study is helpful to researchers by directing their activities towards addressing major gaps. In addition, this study facilitates growers/marketers—especially those who are interested in implementing research-based recommendations—by providing a complied one-stop point of information. Likewise, stakeholders including community-based organizations and policy makers will find this study beneficial to their involvement in the industry.
Genetic influences on motion sickness susceptibility in adult women: a classical twin study.

BACKGROUND Motion sickness is a common and potentially debilitating condition that characteristically occurs in situations of conflicting sensory input. While the precise stimuli that give rise to this trait are increasingly well characterized, the underlying determinants of individual susceptibility to motion sickness remain unclear. This study uses a classical twin design to assess the influence of genetic and environmental factors. METHODS A postal survey was conducted in an age-matched sample of 3652 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) adult female twins selected from the TwinsUK Registry. Study participants were asked to complete items from a validated questionnaire relating to their lifetime susceptibility to motion sickness. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to motion sickness susceptibility was assessed using variance components analysis. RESULTS The response rate to the questionnaire was 78%. Approximately 40% of respondents reported at least moderate susceptibility to motion sickness. The pattern of responses among twins indicated a significant genetic contribution with heritability for a motion sickness factor score estimated as 57% (95% CI: 51%, 63%). The heritability of recalled motion sickness was at its highest in childhood (70% [59%, 80%]) and declined through puberty and the early adult years. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining an individual's underlying propensity to motion sickness and should stimulate the search for specific susceptibility genes.
The NS Segment of an H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) Is Sufficient To Alter Replication Efficiency, Cell Tropism, and Host Range of an H7N1 HPAIV

ABSTRACT A reassortant avian influenza virus (designated FPV NS GD), carrying the NS-segment of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (GD; H5N1) in the genetic background of the HPAIV strain A/FPV/Rostock/34 (FPV; H7N1), was rescued by reverse genetics. Remarkably, in contrast to the recombinant wild-type FPV (rFPV), the reassortant virus was able to replicate more efficiently in different human cell lines and primary mouse epithelia cells without prior adaptation. Moreover, FPV NS GD caused disease and death in experimentally infected mice and was detected in mouse lungs; in contrast, rFPV was not able to replicate in mice effectively. These results indicated an altered host range and increased virulence. Furthermore FPV NS GD showed pronounced pathogenicity in chicken embryos. In an attempt to define the molecular basis for the apparent differences, we determined that NS1 proteins of the H5N1 and H7N1 strains bound the antiviral kinase PKR and the F2F3 domain of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30 (CPSF30) with comparable efficiencies in vitro. However, FPV NS GD infection resulted in (i) increased expression of NS1, (ii) faster and stronger PKR inhibition, and (iii) stronger beta interferon promoter inhibition than rFPV. Taken together, the results shed further light on the importance of the NS segment of an H5N1 strain for viral replication, molecular pathogenicity, and host range of HPAIVs and the possible consequences of a reassortment between naturally occurring H7 and H5 type HPAIVs.
Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in mixed oak stands with different levels of hybridization

Oaks are model species for the study of natural introgressive hybridization. High interfertility among oak taxa might result in collective evolution, through transpecific spread of advantageous alleles, challenging the standard concept of species. Nine highly polymorphic microsatellite (nuSSR) loci were analysed in three mixed oak populations of Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus petraea (Montejo, Somosierra and Robregordo) with different density and hybridization rates. Both leaf morphology and molecular markers were used to assess individual admixture rates. Insights about the relative effect of density and hybridization rates on fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) were obtained from autocorrelograms and Sp statistics. Differences in SGS among populations were higher than between species. These differences cannot be attributed solely to census densities but also relate to other factors, such as the spatial configuration of the population. Hybridization was an important factor shaping within‐population spatial genetic structure, and an interspecific component of SGS was found in Somosierra. Indirect estimates of historical gene flow in Montejo were compared with actual values of gene dispersal assessed by parentage analysis in a former study. Similar values were found for current and historical gene flow in both species, which might reflect demographical stability.
Identification of the Cellular Sentinels for Native Immunogenic Heat Shock Proteins In Vivo

Select members of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) family, such as gp96, elicit immune responses specific to their chaperoned peptides. Although immunologic effects of HSPs on APCs described to date have largely been demonstrated with cell lines or primary cells in culture, their collective responses in vitro have been consistent with priming immune responses. In this study, we examine the physiologically relevant APCs in mice that are targeted after vaccination with native, murine HSPs, and we characterize those cells. Gp96 accesses the subcapsular region of the draining lymph node, and it is internalized predominantly by CD11b+ cells in this locale. Cells acquiring gp96 can transfer protective antitumor immunity to naive mice by actively cross-presenting gp96-chaperoned peptides and providing costimulation. Our studies illustrate how HSPs act to alert the immune system of cellular damage and will be of paramount importance in immunotherapy of patients with cancer and infectious disease.
Vertebroplasty: cement leakage into the disc increases the risk of new fracture of adjacent vertebral body.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients successfully treated with vertebroplasty often return with new pain caused by a new vertebral body fracture. The new fractures often are adjacent to the vertebral bodies that were initially treated. In our clinical work, we have observed that cement leakage into the disk increases the risk of new fracture of the adjacent vertebral body. This study analyzed the risk of new fractures of adjacent vertebral bodies in relationship to cement leakage into the disk. METHODS This study was based on 38 patients with painful compression fractures treated with vertebroplasty. Patients who returned with new pain after initial successful vertebroplasty were evaluated by repeat MR imaging. We analyzed the incidence of new fractures of adjacent vertebral bodies in relationship to cement leakage into the disk that had occurred during the initial vertebroplasty. RESULTS Fourteen patients developed new fractures during the follow-up period. In 10 patients, the new fractures were associated with cement leakage into the disk, whereas four patients had new fractures that were not associated with cement leakage into the disk. This difference was statistically significant (P =.018). A detailed analysis showed that 58% of vertebral bodies adjacent to a disk with cement leakage fractured during the follow-up period compared with 12% of vertebral bodies adjacent to a disk without cement leakage (P <.0005). CONCLUSION Leakage of cement into the disk during vertebroplasty increases the risk of a new fracture of adjacent vertebral bodies.
Evaluation of protein fold comparison servers

When a new protein structure has been determined, comparison with the database of known structures enables classification of its fold as new or belonging to a known class of proteins. This in turn may provide clues about the function of the protein. A large number of fold comparison programs have been developed, but they have never been subjected to a comprehensive and critical comparative analysis. Here we describe an evaluation of 11 publicly available, Web‐based servers for automatic fold comparison. Both their functionality (e.g., user interface, presentation, and annotation of results) and their performance (i.e., how well established structural similarities are recognized) were assessed. The servers were subjected to a battery of performance tests covering a broad spectrum of folds as well as special cases, such as multidomain proteins, Cα‐only models, new folds, and NMR‐based models. The CATH structural classification system was used as a reference. These tests revealed the strong and weak sides of each server. On the whole, CE, DALI, MATRAS, and VAST showed the best performance, but none of the servers achieved a 100% success rate. Where no structurally similar proteins are found by any individual server, it is recommended to try one or two other servers before any conclusions concerning the novelty of a fold are put on paper. Proteins 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Situating Self-Employed Urban Women Conducting Business through Contemporary Social Media

Informal economy includes varied set of economic activities, enterprises, jobs, and workers. The economy typically consists of enterprises and/or people that are not regulated or protected by the state. The concept originally applied to self-employment in small unregistered enterprises. It has been expanded to include wage employment in unprotected jobs. A home based self-employed women worker can be involved as a fashion designer, a tiffin service provider, a home tutor, a person working with vendors, selling and reselling apparel, accessories to name a few. Informal self-employment is very large and heterogeneous as a category itself. There are different people working within in an informally self-employed category. The review tries to understand home based business women within the ambit of informal employment. The focus of research turns to technological advancement, social media and its impact on women's economic and business efforts. The review, using a feminist lens, understands academic researches on women's economic efforts. The review's focus will largely be owners and own account (individually run enterprises) women workers of informal enterprises in urban areas which for ease of reference, I have termed as home based self-employed urban woman.
Emergence of Echinocandin Resistance Due to a Point Mutation in the fks1 Gene of Aspergillus fumigatus in a Patient with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

ABSTRACT We have identified the first case of an fks1 hot spot 1 point mutation causing echinocandin resistance in a clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolate recovered from a chronic pulmonary aspergillosis patient with an aspergilloma who first failed azole and polyene therapy and subsequently failed micafungin treatment.
Subcarrier and power allocation schemes for multiuser OFDM-based cognitive radio systems

This paper proposes suboptimal schemes for subcarrier allocation with associated power loading mechanism for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based cognitive radio (CR) systems that achieve performance close to the optimal scheme but with relatively lesser complexity. The objective is to maximize the CR users' transmission capacity by adjusting the power allocation across the subcarriers so that the total power remains within the power budget and imposes interference within a permissible threshold limit to the primary user (PU) band. The suboptimal triangular and Gaussian power loading schemes as suggested here have been compared with the optimal scheme and with the uniform power loading technique. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve performance close to the optimal scheme and much better than the uniform power loading technique while satisfying the interfering constraints to PU.
Trust in Risk Management: A Model‐Based Review of Empirical Research

This review of studies of trust in risk management was designed, in part, to examine the relations between the reviewed research and the consensus model of trust that has recently emerged in other fields of study. The review begins by briefly elaborating the consensus views on the dimensionality and function of trust. It then describes the various models of trust that have been developed in the field of risk management, comparing them with the consensus approach. The findings of previous reviews are outlined, followed by a delineation of the open questions addressed by the present review, the method used, and the results. Finally, the findings of the review are discussed in relation to the important issue of trust asymmetry, the role of trust in risk management, and directions for future research. The consensus model specifies two conceptualizations of trust, each linked to particular types of antecedents. Relational trust, which is called trust in this review, is based on the relations between the trusting person and the other. Calculative trust, which is called confidence, is based on past behavior of the other and/or on constraints on future behavior. Results of this review showed that most studies of trust in risk management, while exploring matters of particular concern to the risk management community, were at least in part consistent with the consensus model. The review concludes by urging greater integration between the concerns of the former and the insights of the latter.
On the mechanism of the anaerobic synthesis of acetylcholine.

A recent review by Feldberg (1) summarizes the results of other workers dealing with the synthesis of acetylcholine in vitro. It is known that acetylcholine can be synthesized by respiring brain tissue in oxygen in the presence of glucose, lactate, or pyruvate (24) or by homogenized brain. or brain extracts anaerobically in the presence of added adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (5, 6). The synthesis is accelerated by K+ and inhibited by Cafe (7). The enzyme system appears to require active sulfhydryl groups because air, iodoacetate, iodine, cystine, and Cu++ inhibit, while cysteine (7) augments the activity of preparations which have been partially inactivated by dialysis. ATP is specific for the synthesis, since neither adenosine diphosphate nor inosine triphosphate could be substituted for ATP (6). The need for a coenzyme in the reaction has also been suggested recently (8, 9). The requirement for. choline in the synthesis of acetylcholine is well established (3, 5). The source of the acetyl group is as yet unknown. Acetic acid has no effect on the synthesis of acetylcholine either aerobically or anaerobically (1, 2, 5, 6). Pyruvate was suggested as an aerobic source by Qua&l and his associates (2, 3) and by Baer (10) who synthesized acetylcholine non-enzymatically. Acetoacetate was suggested as an anaerobic source by Stedman and Stedman (11, 12). Citrate, glutamate, and cysteine have been shown by Nachmansohn and John to activate the synthesis of acetylcholine (7), while a-keto acids inhibit it, but the mechanisms of the activation and inhibition have not been described. In this paper data are presented to show that a completely soluble enzyme system which synthesizes acetylcholine can be extracted from mammalian brain preparations. With this enzyme system, the following components are required for the synthesis of acetylcholine: choline, ATP, a substance able to provide active acetate which may be either citrate, cia-aconitate, or acetoacetate, and a thermostable coenzyme of as yet unknown composition present in boiled yeast or animal tissue extracts.
Gilbert mixers with microwave quadrature/differential generators: An approach for millimeter-wave IC

Several microwave passive components can be integrated with active circuits in standard silicon processes for millimeter-wave applications. Passive components such as Marchand baluns, quadrature couplers, and rat-race hybrids are directly implemented on a standard low-resistivity (∼10 Ω×cm) silicon substrate for size compactness because of the high dielectric constant. New circuit design concepts such as balanced path loss and distortionless transmission lines are applied to tolerate the unavoidable loss and to maintain the functionality of components.
A Win-Win Dual Internship Model for Turning Graduates Employable

There seems to be a growing concern about the skill set needed in university graduates which is a factor inhibiting numerous students from acquiring proper employment. This has drawn the attention of employers and universities to work hand in hand to provide real time work exposure to students in developing the required skill set by way of internship. While most universities still follow the traditional method of offering single internship, Botho College, Botswana has gone an extra mile in introducing dual Internship for its students. This enables students to identify their lacking skills from their first internship experience and develop them through customized support sessions offered by the tutors. This is believed to prepare them for the second internship. Some employers also found that the interns on second internship were of better quality due to the impact of first internship and support sessions empowering them with the necessary employability skills. Most students also found this to help them in identifying an area for final year project and focus in developing the skills required to accomplish the project work and towards future job. It also enabled them to make future decision in terms of their career prospects and higher education. This article discusses on the impact of dual internship on academic performance and employability factor in University graduates. Authors believe from the lessons learnt that dual internship promotes both the employability and technical skills in students transforming them as well rounded graduates for immediate job market.
The Effect of Extraction Solvents, Temperature and Time on the Composition and Mass Fraction of Polyphenols in Dalmatian Wild Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Extracts

Summary The effect of extraction solvents (30, 50 and 70 % aqueous solutions of ethanol and acetone, and 100 % distilled water), extraction temperature (60 and 90 °C) and extraction time (30, 60 and 90 min) on the composition and mass fraction of polyphenolic compounds in Dalmatian wild sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extracts has been investigated. The total polyphenolic content of sage extracts was determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu method, whereas the individual polyphenols were determined by HPLC UV/PDA method. Results indicated that the main polyphenols in sage extracts were vanillic, caffeic, syringic, salvianolic K and salvianolic I acids, methyl rosmarinate, 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-glucoside, luteolin-7-glucuronide, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucunoride, apigenin-7-glucoside, with rosmarinic acid and luteolin-3-glucuronide as predominant compounds. The mass fractions of total and individual polyphenols significantly depend on the type of extraction solvent, solvent composition and extraction temperature. The results showed that binary solvent systems are more efficient than mono-solvent systems in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds in regard to their relative polarity. The aqueous solutions of ethanol or acetone (30 %), extraction temperature of 60 °C and extraction time of 30 min were the most efficient for the extraction of polyphenols from dry sage leaves.
Factors Related to the Localisation of Symptoms to the Chest in Depression

Over a hundred years ago Griesinger (1861) identified hypochondriasis with melancholia; and quite recently, Kenyon (1964) in a study of 512 patients with a diagnosis of hypochondriasis concluded that it was always part of another syndrome, most commonly a depressive or anxiety state. Many patients with a depressive illness experience localized somatic symptoms. The question arises why, during an episode of depression, some patients have localized somatic symptoms, sometimes consistently in the same site in recurrent episodes, whilst others have none. The head, chest and abdomen have been reported as the most common sites (Schneider, 1959; Gittleson, 1962). Jaspers (1913–46) pointed out that ‘we should distinguish between phenomenological description of actual bodily experiences and any discussion of the significance for the individual of his own body in terms of the effective meaningful connections where there are hypochondriacal narcissistic or symbol-forming tendencies influencing the self-awareness'. The present study is concerned with the possible meaningful connections related to the localization of symptoms to the chest in depression, and follows a descriptive account of respiratory symptoms in depression (Burns, 1971). These symptoms include sighing respiration, hyperventilation, ‘vital feelings' on the chest and depressive delusions directed towards the chest.
Export Potentials Among BIMSTEC and Japan: An Empirical Measurement

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), which is a bridge between South Asia and South East Asia sub-region, is a new entrant into the regional trade groupings in Asia with the objective of enhancing intraregional trade to the maximum possible levels. Japan is the second largest trading partner for BIMSTEC countries. It is in this context, the objectives of this paper are: (a) whether there is significant trade potential among BIMSTEC members, and between BIMSTEC and Japan; and (b) whether BIMSTEC and Japan are able to reach their bi-lateral export potentials. JEL Classification Numbers: F10, C23, and C24.
Democracy and Human Capital Formation

This article examines the relationship between democratic representation and spending on education in Latin America. The authors assess the impact that democracy has on the distribution of resources between different levels of schooling and on total spending on education. Specifically, they test whether democratic governments allocate a greater share of resources to primary education, the level that benefits the largest segment of the electorate and that is most critical for human capital formation in developing countries. Using time-series cross-sectional analysis, the authors find that democracies devote a higher percentage of their educational resources to primary education and that they maintain higher absolute spending levels on education in the aggregate, thereby enhancing the prospects of human capital formation.