Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kshv/hhv8-associated lymphomas

It was only after the discovery of KSHV/HHV8, that primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) could be recognized as a distinct entity, thanks to its consistent association with HHV-8 infection. As a consequence, PEL has been included in the recent WHO lymphoma classification, within the group of lymphomas occurring more specifically in HIV positive patients. PEL is a rare subset of AIDS non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma predominantly growing in the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities as neoplastic effusions, usually without a contiguous tumor mass. Morphologically, PEL shows features bridging immunoblastic and anaplastic large-cell lymphomas, and frequently displays a certain degree of plasma cell differentiation.
An Analytical Model of Wake Deflection Due to Shear Flow

The main motivation behind this work is to create a purely analytical engineering model for wind turbine wake upward deflection due to shear flow, by developing a closed form solution of the velocity field due to an oblique vortex ring. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated by comparing the results with those of a free-wake model. The solution of the velocity field due to an oblique vortex ring is obtained by using the result of an upright ring along with an equivalent point method. The wake model is derived using oblique ring elements with a number of suitable assumptions. Results of wake vertical deflection are compared with a free-wake solution. A linear trend between wake deflection and shear flow exponent is found with both models. The oblique ring model shows some discrepancies from the free-wake result in terms of the dependence of the deflection on the reference tip speed ratio. The oblique ring model needs further refinements and validation with experimental work and is only currently suited for the determination of general wake kinematics. It however provides immediate results for a given input and can be useful in generating databases with wake geometry information.
Physicochemical Studies of Environmental Samples and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Akinyele Abattoir, Ibadan, Nigeria

Introduction: Wastes generated from abattoirs contain pollutants including coliform that contaminates the environment. respectively, while the dissolved oxygen ranged between 0.02 mg/L and 9.7 mg/L. The biochemical oxygen demand ranged between 5.7 mg/L and 698.5 mg/L, whereas, the range of the turbidity was between 9.4 NUT and 1056.8 NUT. A total of 106 E. coli were isolated from the samples, out of which 55.7% showed resistance to ampicillin as against 1.9% that showed resistance to amikacin. Conclusion: The values of the physicochemical parameters that were above the limits coupled with the presence of multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli is an indication that the abattoir activities have been impacting negatively on the surrounding environment. Hence, adequate monitoring is required from the local authorities assigned to the management of the abattoirs to ensure that best abattoir practices are adhered to protect the health of the public.
The malaria capers : more tales of parasites and people, research and reality

A world renowned epidemoiologist explains the history and present dilemmas of the tangled and often discouraging world of tropical diseases. This book is about two of those diseases: the "black sickness", which is endemic in Indian and Bangladesh; and malaria, target of 100 years of research and still raging unabated.
Comparative palatability among eggs of mass-spawning corals

The eggs and larvae of mass-spawning reef corals are seasonally abundant and highly nutritious and are therefore a potentially important food source for planktivorous fishes. While there arc several reports of fish feeding on coral propagules, it is not known whether propagules of different coral species are equally palatable. Here we report that the planktivorous fish Pomacentrus moluccensis readily consumed, and did not distinguish between, food pellets made from eggs of Acropora millepora and A. humilis. In contrast, pellets made from eggs of Pachyseris speciosa were often tasted but then rejected. Pomacemrus moluccensis consistently selected pellets made from eggs of the Acropora species over pellets made from eggs of P. speciosa. These preliminary findings suggest that not all coral propagules are equally palatable. Consequently rates of larval mortality resulting from fish predation may vary greatly among different coral species.
A synthesis of rural livelihood approaches in analysing household poverty, food security and resilience: A case study of Rushinga rural district in Zimbabwe.

Livelihood diversification has long been regarded as a risk mitigation strategy in the wake of increasing economic and environmental risk in developing countries. In this regard, rural households face an increasing need for alternative livelihoods, thus, participation in the non-farm sector is gaining prominence because of the increasing inability of the farm sector to sustain rural livelihoods. However, livelihood transition is determined by dynamic, complex and yet empirically unverified factors. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to profile the typology of rural livelihood strategies at the household level. The primary data were obtained from 300 households in three Wards selected through a combination of multiple stages, purposive and simple random sampling procedure. The study indicates that 51% of the households in the study area engaged livelihood diversification that combined on-farm and non-farm sector, but the value of the returns was marginally low. Chi-square and t-test were employed to compare the distribution between farm and non-farming activities against social economic variables, and correlations were found amongst a number of variables. Probit model was applied to estimate the determinant factors influencing household livelihood choice, the model demonstrated that out of the fourteen variables included, value of assets, livestock holding in Tropical Units, access to credit, access to extension services and input subsidy were found to be positive and negative determinants up to 10% probability level. The positive determinants for participation were propelled by capacity variables and the negative factors for remaining in agricultural livelihoods were driven by pull factors, in this case, input subsidies and extension services were utilities to the livelihood strategy of farming. These positive and negative factors need to be considered by policymakers in formulating rural livelihood security strategies. This suggests that the capacity of both farming and non-farming households should be strengthened in order to sustain rural livelihood security and a comprehensive scope for the development of non-farm activities is urgent to facilitate successful rural livelihood diversification.
Eumaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) del cerro San Antonio: Dinámica de la riqueza y comportamiento de “Hilltopping”

Se analiza la riqueza de la tribu Eumaeini a escala temporal en la cima del cerro San Antonio al oeste de Cali sobre recolectas efectuadas en 2003. Los especímenes se capturaron con redes entomológicas de 5 m y 1,80 m de longitud en 92 muestreos. Se realizaron curvas de acumulación de especies y análisis de similitud (Jaccard) para comparar 11 meses del año con el programa BiodiversityPro y curvas de rarefacción con EcoSim700. La riqueza de Eumaeini registrada en el cerro asciende a 72 especies distribuidas en 35 géneros. Los estimadores indican que se colectó cerca del 88% de las especies que vuelan en la zona. Al menos 20 especies se distribuyen durante todo el año, tienen poblaciones constantes en San Antonio y utilizan el cerro como lugar de encuentro de pareja. Se asume que al menos 26 especies no presentan el comportamiento de “hilltopping” o sus poblaciones son relativamente bajas en los alrededores del cerro. Los meses de julio y agosto mostraron un gran número de especies aunque los análisis de rarefacción indicaron que no existen diferencias en la riqueza de 11 meses del 2003. La similitud entre los meses es menor del 56% según el análisis de similitud de Jaccard. Los cambios en la riqueza de la comunidad son debidos principalmente al régimen de lluvias y a la mayor o menor influencia del sol sobre la zona. La gran cantidad de especies únicas puede ser debida a individuos que no presentan el comportamiento de “hilltopping” o que provienen de cerros aledaños donde tienen poblaciones grandes y estables.
The Rohingya issue and international migration: a historical perspective

This paper examines the Rohingya Muslim experience historically, but perhaps more significantly, it examines their experience through a contemporary humanitarian and human rights lens as well. Indeed, it begins with a brief history of the Rohingya Muslims in post-colonial Myanmar. The second section analyzes contemporary humanitarian developments. The third section explores several key human rights abuses perpetrated against the Rohingya Muslims. The final section concludes with recommendations.
Avaliação da leishmaniose visceral canina em Poxoréo, Estado do Mato Grosso, Brazil

Dogs play an important role as reservoir in the domestic cycle of visceral leishmaniasis, a serious public health problem. An epidemiological survey in 1,112 dogs was conducted at the Municipality of Poxoreo State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test where the prevalence was 7.8%. Significant association was found between prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis and age of the dogs. Clinical signs and presence of other animals in the backyard, like chicken being more likely associated with seropositivity. Gender, garbage collection in the residence and family financial income were not associated with visceral leishmaniasis prevalence. Analysis of the results suggests that dogs aging more than 7 years and presence of another animal species co-inhabiting with the dogs may be risk factors for canine visceral leishmaniasis.
Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). III. Molecular data confirms the species status of the purple-necked rock-wallaby (Petrogale purpureicollis Le Souef)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was undertaken to resolve the systematic uncertainties surrounding the morphologically distinct purple-necked rock-wallaby (P. lateralis purpureicollis) of north-west Queensland, Australia. A comparison of mtDNA sequence divergence using both whole mtDNA restriction site and control-region sequence analyses revealed that P. l. purpureicollis was as well differentiated from other P. lateralis (black-footed rock-wallaby) taxa as P. lateralis was from P. penicillata (brush-tailed rock-wallaby) or P. assimilis (allied rock-wallaby). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data suggests thatP. lateralis (sensu lato) is paraphyletic, with P. l. purpureicollis being more closely aligned to P. penicillataand P. assimilis than to P. lateralis (sensu stricto). Data are also presented that demonstrate significant differences in the distribution of the telomeric repeat sequence (TTAGGG)n between the chromosomes of P. l. purpureicollis and the karyotypically similar MacDonnell Ranges race of P. lateralis. In addition, meiosis appears to be severely disrupted in the majority (73%) of oocytes examined from two P. l. purpureicollis MacDonnell Ranges race hybrids. In light of these findings we recommend that the purple-necked rock-wallaby be reinstated as a full species, P. purpureicollis Le Souef 1924.
Life-history evolution in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis

Sex allocation is an important reproductive decision for parents. However, it is often assumed that females have substantial control over sex allocation decisions, and this is particularly true in haplodiploid insects, in which females apparently determine sex by deciding whether to fertilise an egg (and produce a diploid daughter) or not (and produce a haploid son). Mechanisms by which males may influence sex allocation are not so straightforward, and their potential influence on sex ratios has been somewhat neglected. Here, we test whether males influence offspring sex ratios in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. We show that some of the variation in observed sex ratios can be attributed to males when comparing the affect of male strain on sex ratio. We did not find among-male variation in sex ratio with a less powerful experiment using males from only one strain or an effect of male mating environment. Our data suggest that males can influence female sex ratios and contribute to the variation around the sex ratios optimal for females. However, the influence is not large, suggesting that females have more influence on sex allocation than do males. We conclude by considering whether male influences on sex ratio represent differences in male reproductive competence or deliberate attempts by males to increase their fitness by influencing daughter production.
Global patterns of amphibian phylogenetic diversity

Aim Phylogenetic diversity can provide insight into how evolutionary processes may have shaped contemporary patterns of species richness. Here, we aim to test for the influence of phylogenetic history on global patterns of amphibian species richness, and to identify areas where macroevolutionary processes such as diversification and dispersal have left strong signatures on contemporary species richness.
Efficiency of response surface methodology for optimizing Reactive Blue 21 dye removal with modified bentonite

Bentonite was modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by a simple method and was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Reactive Blue 21 dye. Reactive Blue 21 is an important dye used in the textile industry, which is very harmful for living creatures, especially humans. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of independent variables such as dye concentration (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/dm3), time (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min), initial pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and modified bentonite dosage (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/dm3) on Reactive Blue 21 dye removal efficiency from aqueous solutions. At the optimum conditions (modified bentonite dosage 5 g/dm3, dye concentration 61.3 mg/dm3, pH 4.78; time14.31 min), the predicted removal of Reactive Blue 21 on modified bentonite was 93.22%. In a confirmatory experiment, 92.01% dye removal has been obtained. Thus, the experimental investigation and statistical approach enabled us to model adsorption of Reactive Blue 21 on modified bentonite.
Financial Intermediation and Monetary Policy Effectiveness in Nigeria

The need to be able to assess properly the extent of the relationship between financial intermediation and monetary policies of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) gave rise to the study on ‘impact of Financial Intermediation on Monetary Policy Effectiveness in Nigeria’. It is evidently clear that financial systems world over are heavily regulated in order to achieve the macroeconomic objectives of the government. Nigeria is not an exception. For this reason, the study estimated the impact of interest rate on bank loans and advances. The study further investigates the impact of cash reserve ratio on demand deposit. The data for study were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin which was estimated using ordinary least square method. The results showed that interest rate have significant impact on bank loan and advances, while cash reserve ratio has positive and significant impact on demand deposit. Consequently, the study recommended that the Central Bank (CBN) and the authorities of the Nigeria Financial system should ensure that the effectiveness of monetary policies is maintained at all times. Also, effort should be made by the apex bank to promote the activities of the commercial banks in intermediary role and should be integrated as a primary role of the commercial banks in Nigeria.
Role for Biofilms in Infectious Disease

This chapter examines the mutualistic, commensal, and parasitic roles that biofilms play in human biology and health by using an organ system/medical specialty approach. Recently there has been a growing awareness that a number of nondevice-related chronic inflammatory conditions are, in fact, also biofilm-related. Many of these conditions, including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), otitis media, and prostatitis, are highly visible and prevalent diseases. Antibiotic sensitivities are generally determined by observing the zone of planktonic growth inhibition around a disc containing the antibiotic of interest. This chapter deals primarily with two topics: (i) how the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm bacteria has provided the data for the development of a new conceptual framework for the understanding of chronic infections and (ii) the medical effects of biofilm formation on host tissues and implanted medical devices. The cardinal clinical feature of bacterial biofilms is their refractoriness to nearly all host defense mechanisms and conventional therapeutics, including antibiotics. The removal of a single prosthetic joint due to biofilm infection is followed by the intravenous administration of hundreds of thousands of dollars of antibiotics. Bacterial and candidal vaginosis result when there is a disruption of the normal vaginal flora resulting in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Taxonomic classification of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strain INCAM-2 as Funneliformis mosseae, syn. Glomus mosseae.

taxonomic identification, polyphasic taxonomy Palabras clave: glomerales, caracterizacion molecular, identificacion taxonomica, taxonomia polifasica ABSTRACT. The strain INCAM-2 outstands among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strains from the INCAs collection due to its economic and ecological significance. It constitutes the base of bioproducts which are applied in different agricultural systems and are extensively commercialized at world level. This work aimed in confirms the taxonomic classification previously done of this strain through polyphasic taxonomy. For this, the spore morphologic characteristics with major depth were analyzed and other molecular protocols were used (rDNA ITS region and V-H + -ATPasa). The results showed that INCAM-2 strain is Funneliformis mosseae, syn. Glomus mosseae. The spores distinguish by their big size, color dark yellow to amber, the wall composed by three layers (C1 hyaline mucilaginous, C2 hyaline and C3 laminated). C1 stains reddish with Melzers reagent. Subtending hypha has a funnel shape and forms a recurved septum, the pore is occluded. The phylogenetic analysis of obtained sequences of both genes reveled a 98 % of homology with some ecotypes of the same species registered in the data bases of National Center of Biotechnologic Information of the United States of America (NCBI).
BIOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES IN POULTRY LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM

The objectives of this work were to analyze the basic lipids metabolism in poultry and to identify the main differences between genetic lines and productive purposes: Information from the last 50 years included in the BBCSLILACS, Fuente Academica, IB-PsycINFO, IBSSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus and Scirus, databases as well as historical articles, texts and references cited in research published to date were analyzed. Important information related to the proposed objectives in the present review was found and analyzed, reason why it can be divided into five sections as follows: lipid digestion and absorption in poultry, exogenous lipids transport, endogenous lipids transport, differences on lipid metabolism in broilers and differences for lipid metabolism in laying hens. Portomicrons In poultry are transported by portal vein instead of by lymphatic vessels as it happens with chylomicrons in mammals. In the lipoprotein metabolism, the serum lipids and the lipid accumulation levels are different between males and females and lineage or genetic line.
Drought resistance and germplasm improvement : ongoing research of the upland rice consortium

La secheresse est l'un des facteurs limitant le rendement du riz pluvial. La demarche du consortium est de saisir le probleme au travers de l'amelioration du germplasm. La variabilite de la morphologie des racines des cultivars de riz pluvial a ete etudiee sur trois sites. Les cultivars ont ete classes selon un index des differents parametres des racines. La variabilite entre et a l'interieur d'un groupe varietal a ete etabli par l'etude des isozymes. Les varietes tropicales japonica et les varietes traditionnelles aus apparaissent comme de meilleures sources de germplasm. Le controle genetique de quelques parametres a ete realise en utilisant des marqueurs moleculaires sur les populations indica japonica. Les QTL identifies pour l'enroulement des feuilles ont ete compares avec des donnees genetiques secondaires et avec les QTL controlant la morphologie des racines. D'aures orientations de recherche sont proposees par le consortium
Mass spectrometry of acylated peptides and proteins

The majority of naturally occurring proteins are modified in some manner, with many biological systems requiring these modifications in order to function properly. Acylation is one such type of modification. For example, the neuropeptide ghrelin, which plays a critical role in appetite stimulation, is octanoylated on its ser-3 residue. Many proteins are palmitoylated at one or more cysteine residues, with the lipid moiety essential for membrane binding. It is likely that many biological systems rely on protein acylations, and it would be beneficial to develop techniques that allow a facile detection of naturally occurring acylations. Synthetically acylated peptides and proteins (a class of have many potential uses. Synthetically acylated peptides and proteins are being developed for use as therapeutic agents and also as chemical standards. Synthetically acylated peptides, for example, have the potential for use as vaccines for diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. The ability to successfully characterise these types of semi-synthetic molecules is imperative in their development process. In this work, mass spectrometry is explored as a means of analysing acylated peptides and proteins.