Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythm in aging and Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE Normal sleep-wake regulation is dependent upon an oscillatory circadian rhythm promoting alertness and sleep at appropriate times of day. Circadian rhythms have been noted to be disturbed as a consequence of both normal aging and age-associated pathologies like Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the relationship between the consequences of normal versus pathological aging upon circadian regulation remains unclear. The authors evaluated the similarities and differences between the consequences of aging and AD on endogenous circadian rhythm. METHODS Authors measured locomotor activity and, with a constant routine protocol, core body temperature, examining differences and similarities in circadian disturbances in groups of normal elderly and patients with probable AD (pAD), as compared with a comparison group of young, normal volunteers, measuring endogenous circadian amplitude (ECA) and endogenous circadian phase (ECP) of core body temperature, and made parametric and nonparametric assessments of locomotor activity rhythms. RESULTS The ECP of core body temperature was delayed in patients with pAD versus both normal young and normal elderly subjects, whereas the ECA was reduced both in normal elderly and pAD subjects compared with a comparison group of young subjects. There was also disassociation of the activity and core body temperature rhythms in both age groups versus the young subjects. CONCLUSIONS Authors observed changes in endogenous circadian rhythm in pAD that were consonant with those seen in normal aging (amplitude reduction; loss of phase coordination) and also observed changes that were apparently discrete from those seen in normal aging (phase delay).
Morphologische Veränderungen im hochauflösenden OCT (SD-OCT) und in der Fundusautofluoreszenz bei verschiedenen ischämischen Retinopathien

Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertationsarbeit ist es, Veranderungen bei ischamischen Retinopathien anhand moderner Untersuchungstechniken zu beschreiben und interpretieren. Dafur wurden bei 27 Augen retrospektiv OCT- und Fundusautofluoreszenzaufnahmen ausgewertet. Die Beurteilung der OCT-Aufnahmen umfasste morphologische Charakteristika und reflektive Veranderungen innerhalb der inneren und auseren Netzhautschichten. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf den Ubergang der auseren nuklearen zur auseren plexiformen Schicht gelegt.
Electrocutaneous Nerve Stimulation-I: Model and Experiment

The behavior of nerve fibers in the skin during electrocutaneous stimulation has been studied in this investigation for the purpose of understanding the influence of various current pulse parameters. One part of the investigation assessed the amount of stimulus charge, for various pulse parameters, required to depolarize the nodal membrane of myelinated nerve, using the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley model for Xenopus Laevis (toad). The second part of the investigation involved the experimental application of biphasic current pulses via a concentric electrode to the skin of a number of human subjects. The subjects were asked to match the intensity of sensation as stimulus parameters were varied. The experimental results were compared to the predictions of the model by the process of normalization for temperature differences and the loss of electrode current in adjacent passive tissues.
Genetic risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in a North‐eastern Mexican population

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of Helicobacter pylori and several genetic polymorphisms in relation to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We studied 44 unrelated patients with IBD and 75 subjects with no history of IBD as controls. Using pyrosequencing technology, we identified gene polymorphisms in IL‐10, TNF‐A, ILB‐31, and TLR4. H. pylori status was determined by serology. Individuals homozygous for IL10‐592 A or IL10‐1082 A genotypes show significantly lower occurrence of IBD (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01, respectively). Individuals heterozygous at IL10‐1082 have significantly increased occurrence of IBD, both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the prevalence of H. pylori infection between cases and controls. This study provides evidence that variation in IL10 is correlated with IBD occurrence in this Mexican population.
Methamphetamine‐induced neurotoxicity: Roles for glutamate and dopamine efflux

The neurotoxic effect of methamphetamine (METH) on striatal dopaminergic neurons have been hypothesized to be mediated by excess dopamine (DA) release. In addition, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists block METH‐induced DA depletions. This suggests that glutamate also mediates the toxic effects of METH. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that DA and glutamate efflux contribute to METH‐inducted neurotoxicity.
How developers debug

—Debugging software is an inevitable chore, often difﬁcult and more time-consuming than expected, giving it the nickname the “dirty little secret of computer science. ” Surpris-ingly, we have little knowledge on how software engineers debug software problems in the real world, whether they use dedicated debugging tools, and how knowledgeable they are about debugging. This study aims to shed light on these aspects by following a mixed-methods research approach. We conduct an online survey capturing how 176 developers reﬂect on debugging. We augment this subjective survey data with objective observations from how 458 developers use the debugger included in their Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) by instrumenting the popular E CLIPSE and I NTELLI J IDEs with our purpose-built plugin W ATCH D OG 2.0. To better explain the insights and controversies obtained from the previous steps, we followed up by conducting interviews with debugging experts and regular debugging users. Our results indicate that the the IDE-provided debugger is not used as often as expected, since “printf debugging” remains a feasible choice for many programmers. Furthermore, both knowledge and use of advanced debugging features are low. Our results call to strengthen hands-on debugging experience in Computer Science curricula and can and have already inﬂuenced the design of modern IDE debuggers.
La peste porcina africana: visión general del desafío actual

La peste porcina africana (PPA) es una enfermedad virica muy compleja, de gran importancia economica y sanitaria, que afecta a los suidos y para la cual no hay vacuna disponible. Su presencia conduce a restricciones inmediatas sobre el comercio del porcino y sus productos derivados. Desde 2007 la enfermedad se encuentra en Europa del Este y desde 2014 hasta la actualidad afecta a varios paises de la Union Europea: Lituania, Polonia, Letonia y Estonia. Los brotes de enfermedad que se produjeron en 2016 en paises de la Union Europea se bebieron fundamentalmente a la infeccion de jabalies. en los paises de Europa del Este, sin embargo, es el cerdo domestico quien desempena un papel mas relevante en la difusion de la enfermedad. La existencia de distintos escenarios epidemiologicos en Europa y Africa, con amplias regiones endemicas, junto con la falta de un control eficaz en muchos paises afectados, hacen de la PPA una amenaza real para la industria porcina mundial.
Chromosome banding pattern in human colonic polyps.

The chromosome pattern was studied by conventional and Giemsa banding techniques in 5 polyps from one patient with polyposis coli and in sporadic adenomas from 4 patients. In both the familial and the non-familial types chromosomal changes preceded histologic signs of invasiveness. In both types preferential engagement of chromosomes Nos. 8 and 14 was found, suggesting a similar chromosomal evolution in colonic adenomas regardless of whether they have a hereditary basis or not. The rate of progression, however, was faster in the familia type of colonic polyps, which may reflect the more malignant potential of these tumors.
Cost-effectiveness of helicopter transport of stroke patients for thrombolysis.

OBJECTIVES Treatment with intravenous (IV) or intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke demands careful patient selection and specialized institutional capabilities. Physicians at hospitals without these resources may prefer patient transfer for acute treatment. Helicopter transport for these patients has been described but without analysis of the effects of its additional cost. The authors examined the cost-effectiveness of helicopter transport for patients with acute stroke. METHODS Costs per additional good outcome and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) were calculated using a computer model. Input variables included flight, thrombolytic agent, and angiography costs; annual cost per patient for long-term care of symptomatic stroke; percentage of transported patients treated; percentage of patients receiving IV versus IA therapy; discount rate; absolute probability of good outcome; annual mortality with and without treatment; and quality-of-life modifier. Sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS Helicopter transport of acute stroke patients to tertiary care centers for thrombolytic therapy costs $35,000 per additional good outcome and $3,700 per QALY for the reference case. Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to the effectiveness of thrombolysis but minimally sensitive to most other input values. Cost per QALY ranged from $0 to $50,000, as the absolute increase in good outcomes (minimal or no deficit) ranged from 20% to 5%. Cost-effectiveness was not sensitive to ranges of helicopter flight costs or the proportion of flown patients undergoing treatment. CONCLUSIONS This model indicates helicopter transfer of patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke for potential thrombolysis is cost-effective for a wide range of system variables.
An Adaptive Backoff Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Collision is a common problem in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks MANETs. There are several backoff algorithms that have been proposed to avoid this problem. This paper proposes a new backoff algorithm called the Square Root Backoff SRB. Moreover, it identifies that no algorithm can perform the best in all cases. Therefore, an adaptive strategy is proposed to choose the best backoff mechanism from a set of mechanisms based on network density and mobility parameters. The proposed adaptive algorithm is implemented in two phases, the offline phase and the online phase. Such design aims at reducing the time complexity of the algorithm by performing some of the computations prior to the actual deployment and of the network. Results from simulations demonstrate that the SRB algorithm achieved better performance than BEB and LB. Moreover, the adaptive backoff algorithm obtains the best throughput and end-to-end delay performance over the other backoff algorithms.
[Pathophysiology of focal cerebral ischemia: fundamental aspects and its projection on clinical practice].

AIM The aim of this study is to review the basic aspects of focal cerebral ischemia as a fundamental element in clinical practice and of neuroprotective strategies. DEVELOPMENT Ischemia triggers several different responses in nerve tissue which, according to the degree of energetic limitation, can be adaptive or lead to cell death due to necrosis or apoptosis. Establishing these processes is a complex task and the mechanisms involved have still not been fully explained; this is made more difficult by the fact that many of them are simultaneous and also because of the implications they may have, not only in cell death but also in the adaptation of the neurons that suffered ischemic stress and survived. We outline the foundations for understanding the physiopathological phenomena at work in ischemia: neuronal stress and death, and the reaction of the macroglial and microglial cells. This is also illustrated by original images from research into cell response to ischemia at a pre-clinical level in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats, evaluated using, for example, hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical techniques for several cell markers. CONCLUSIONS Cell death in ischemia is a complex phenomenon that can have two different outcomes: necrotic death or apoptotic death. Basic knowledge of the pathophysiology of ischemia and of the response of microglial and macroglial cells is the foundation for elaborating neuroprotective-type strategies, which must not only be oriented towards preventing acute cell death, but also later modes of cell death or strengthening the surviving tissue.
/spl lambda//4 stepped-impedance resonator bandpass filters fabricated on coplanar waveguide

Simple and compact multi-stage microwave bandpass filters (BPFs) using /spl lambda//4 stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) fabricated on coplanar waveguide (CPW) are presented, which are applicable for MMICs or high-T/sub c/ superconducting filters. An accurate, tuning-free, design method of the /spl lambda//4 SIR-BPF is demonstrated with assistance of full-wave electromagnetic field simulator, which is based on a conventional filter design method using impedance inverters. Full-wave simulation and experimental results for a two-stage Chebyshev BPF designed at 5 GHz agreed well with theoretical results.
AHF related protein in clinical praxis.

Factor VIII (AHF) antigen and activity have been determined in 243 patients with various diseases. A rise of both antigen and activity was found in all groups. The correlation between antigen and activity was not good in some of the diseases, however. The reason is discussed. Factor VIII protein was isolated from one patient with necrosis of the liver and its properties were compared to those of normal factor VIII protein.
Cloning and expression of Aujeszky's disease virus glycoprotein E (gE) in a baculovirus system

Aujeszky' s disease (AD) is an infectious disease causing important economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The disease is caused by an alpha-herpesvirus, Aujeszky' s disease virus (ADV), an enveloped virus with a double stranded linear DNA genome. The ADV genome encodes 11 glycoproteins, which are major targets for the immune system of the host in response to the infection. The glycoprotein E (gE) is a non-essential protein and deletion of the gE gene has been used for the production of marker vaccines. Aiming to develop molecular reagents for the production of a gE specific ELISA test, the gE gene was amplified by PCR, cloned and expressed into a baculovirus expression system. The recombinant DNA vector pFastBac-gE-ADV was used for site-specific transposition into the recombinant baculovirus (bacmid). Colonies with recombinant bacmid-pFastBac-gE-ADV were selected by antibiotic and color selection and the presence of the gE gene was confirmed by PCR. The recombinant bacmid-pFastBac-gE-ADV was cotransfected in insect Trichoplusia ni and the presence of the recombinant DNA and gE protein were detected by PCR, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, respectively.
Down‐regulated NPY receptor subtype‐5 mRNA expression in genetically obese mouse brain

BRAIN neuropeptide Y (NPY) subtype-5 (Y5 receptor) mRNA expression in lean (+/+) and obese (ob/ob) C57Bl/6 mice was examined using a non-radioactive in sit u hybridization detection method. Significant decreases in Y5 receptor mRNA expression were found in the ventromedial, dorsomedial and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, midline thalamic nuclei, piriform, cingulate and retrosplenial granular cortices of the obese mouse brain. There were minor changes in the amount of Y5 receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation and medial habenular nucleus. Results indicated that Y5 receptor mRNA expression is downregulated in hereditary obese (ob/ob) mice. This is possibly due to over-expression of hypothalamic NPY which occurs in this phenotype.
How Human Resource Practices Impact Knowledge Sharing in R&D Teams

Within organizations, employees create, accumulate, and share knowledge, often within teams. To increase team effectiveness, today's organizations seek to promote knowledge sharing among their employees. Previous studies of knowledge sharing within organizations have ignored a critical factor: human resource management (HRM). To address this oversight, we recruited 172 research-and-development (R&D) teams (made up of 860 individuals) to participate in a study of the relationship between HRM and the willingness of team members to share knowledge. Fifty-two sets of completed questionnaires from 203 employees formed the basis of our empirical analysis. We classified team members according to their work values and focused on exploring whether the HRM of teams with different work values would differentially impact knowledge sharing. We discuss our findings in terms of their implications for management practices and future research.
Distributed sparse approximation for frog sound classification

Sparse approximation has now become a buzzword for classification in numerous research domains. We propose a distributed sparse approximation method based on l 1 minimization for frog sound classification, which is tailored to the resource constrained wireless sensor networks. Our pilot study demonstrates that l 1 minimization can run on wireless sensor nodes producing satisfactory classification accuracy.
Visualization of Batik Cloth Based on Diffusion

This paper presents a framework which is composed of a batik cloth model, a differential equation and an ellipse model for simulating batik cloth. The batik cloth model consists of three layers: wax layer, warp layer and weft layer. Warp and weft layer interlace between the wax layers. Based on Fick's second law, the differential equation is used to describe diffusion process and is discretized. Equation is in consideration of diffusion, adsorption and supply, and uses parameters such as porosity, tortuosity and connection. The ellipse model is used for simulating rectangular weaves which will be blurred in HSV color space. Experiment shows that this framework can visualize batik cloth satisfactorily, and the method has less computation compared with Japanese tie dye simulation.
Effects of green tea powder on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding green tea powder on laying performance and egg quality in hens. A total 180 'Tetran Brown' laying hens aged 40 weeks were assigned to 6 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of five replicates accommodating six layers per replication. The experimental diets were a negative control containing no green tea, a positive control diet containing antibiotics (0.05% chlortetracycline) and diets containing 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% green tea powder. Egg production rate of layers fed the diets containing green tea powder did not differ significantly from that of the negative and positive controls (p>0.05). Egg weight was decreased significantly in the group fed the diet containing 0.5% green tea powder (p-linolenic acids tended to increase in the group fed diets containing 1.5% green tea powder even though there were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). The oleic and docosahexaenoic acid contents of the egg yolk were similar among treatments (p>0.05). Based on the results of the experiment, it is concluded that green tea powder inclusion in the diet for layers at 2.0% level can reduce the cholesterol content and TBA value of the egg yolk, implying its potential effect on egg quality parameters.
Ikh Nart Nature Reserve , Mongolia

The argali (Ovis ammon) is a species of great conservation concern throughout its range in central Asia, and is particularly sensitive to human disturbance and habitat degradation. Recent increases in livestock numbers have potentially reduced the capacity of habitats to sustain argali because of forage or interference competition. We studied the potential for forage competition between argali and domestic livestock in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia by quantifying overlap among seasonal diets using microhistological analysis of fecal samples. We collected 100 fecal samples from argali and 100 fecal samples from livestock during June 2002, August 2002, January 2003, and April 2003. Argali and livestock used the same plant species with the exception of five used only by livestock. We also quantified forage availability in both summer (2002) and winter (2003) seasons. Total mean biomass in summer ðx 1⁄4 19:0g=m2Þ declined w82% to a winter mean of 3.5 g/m2 (t 1⁄4 10.00, P < 0.0001). Dietary overlap between argali and livestock was high, varying from 72% in summer to 95% in winter. We concluded that high degree of overlap for forage coupled with the low available vegetative biomass in winter suggests the potential for competition between argali and livestock. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Preface to the Special Section on Web Services

Backed by major IT vendors, Web services have received wide attention during the past years in which the basic set of standards was agreed upon, middleware products were designed, and the concept was intensely marketed. Technically, Web services promise to facilitate the integration of distributed systems within and across the boundaries of an organization by using standards from the Web environment such as HTTP and XML as a basis for the interaction between applications. They provide additional mechanisms to describe and publish interfaces to interacting applications forming simple and composite Web services based on expressive description languages. From a business point of view, Web services bear the potential to increase strongly the use of online services from outside an organization in a dynamic way, which used to be implemented within a company or have not been available at low cost. This potential opens the path to cost savings on the one hand and new business opportunities for service providers on the other hand. Now, with the basic technology in place and the deployment starting beyond the early adopters and simple solutions, we want to use the focus area of this edition of Electronic Markets to revisit the current state of the art, investigate current issues in building and using Web services, and discuss future developments – from a technology point of view but also in particular from its impact on doing business online.
Synthesis of signal-code sequence for OFDM in the channel with permanent parameters

The signal-code sequence (SCS) synthesis method for OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) subcarriers is presented for achievement the required bit error rate (BER) on the receiver side in the channel with permanent parameters. The method is proposed as an alternative against the single carrier (SC) transmission and for achievement the required BER.