Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND OUTCOME IN CEREBRAL VEIN AND DURAL SINUS THROMBOSIS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a type of cerebrovascular disease marked by thrombosis of blood in cerebral veins, or dural sinuses, and, in rare cases, cortical veins. CVT is now a days a disease that is easy to diagnose with MRI provided the clinician suspect CVT in patients. Before CT and MRI evolution, CVT was considered as a disorder of infectious origin. Between November 2012 and December 2013, 50 patients with CVT in the neurology at the Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati, confirmed with radioimaging, were included and studied. The mean age of the patients was 27.67±9.1 years. Most of the patients were in the third decade of life; majority were women (70%). CVT. Procoagulant state is found to be major risk factor with majority belonging to postpartum state (32%) followed by dehydration (30%). Postpartum in combination with dehydration constituted the major risk factor because of local ritual belief that water should not be taken by the postpartum mother for initial few days after delivery, found to be a modifiable risk factor. Superior sagittal sinus is the commonest sinus involved (58%) with transverse sinus being the second most common sinus involved and most (64%) of the patients with CVT had involvement of more than 1 venous sinus and site of thrombosis didn’t show any correlation with presenting features. MRV brain detected CVT in all the 50 patients in the study but in 28% of the patients no evidence of CVT was found on CT brain plain and contrast suggesting the sensitivity of MRV over the CT. 70% of the patients had complete functional recovery at the end of hospital stay where as 6% of the patients died. Early diagnosis and prompt institution of anticoagulation irrespective, antioedema measures and antiepileptic drugs brings down the mortality and morbidity in patients with CVT. Decompressive craniectomy is an effective procedure decreasing morbidity and mortality and should be considered in patients with mass effect and rapid deterioration of sensorium resistant to conventional antiedema measures in patients with CVT. INTRODUCTION: Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of cerebrovascular disease marked by thrombosis of blood in cerebral veins, or dural sinuses, and, in rare cases, cortical veins. CVT accounts for 0·5 % of all strokes and its annual incidence is estimated to be 3 to 4 cases per 1 million population and up to 7 cases per 1 million children. Until a few years ago, systemic or local infections commonly affecting the superior sagittal sinus were identified as the most common causes of CVT. The recent introduction of non-invasive and highly sensitive diagnostic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance venography (MRV), and computed DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2015/853
A new design and simulation of cylindrical-gold horn Nano-antenna at terahertz region for energy harvesting application

In this paper, the design and simulate a new horn nanoantenna at terahertz frequencies by using the CST Microwave studio 2018. The proposed design be composed of an Au–Air–Au symmetric transmission line flared horn at the end, where the arranged of cylindrical gold pillars have been considered in the geometrical lattice. The Numerical simulation have been done in this work with taking in the consideration the losses of the material and the desperation. The horn nanoantenna shown with numerical results (wide bandwidth) and the directivity is greater than 10 dB from the results, the horn nanoantenna could be used in different applications such as energy harvesting, telecommunication and different technical ranging from smart lighting to optical wireless communication.
Insecticidal and repellent properties of nine volatile constituents of essential oils against the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.)

The toxic and repellent properties of nine major constituents of essential oils, comprising benzene derivatives and terpenes, were evaluated against Periplaneta americana (L.). Contact and fumigant toxicities to adult females and repellency to nymphs were determined. The decreasing order of knockdown activity via contact was methyl-eugenol>isosafrole=eugenol>safrole. The killing effect via contact was in the order eugenol=methyl-eugenol=isosafrole>safrole. Fumigant toxicity was only observed for safrole and isosafrole, with safrole being the more potent. Isoeugenol and the tested terpenes had neither contact nor fumigant toxic effect. The decreasing order of repellency to nymphs was safrole>isosafrole>methyl-eugenol=α-pinene> eugenol>isoeugenol. The benzene derivatives were generally more toxic and repellent to P. americana than the terpenes. The distance of the side chain double bond from the aromatic ring and the substitution of a methoxy group to these compounds appeared to be important determinants of their toxicity and repellency. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Behavior of xylans from Eucalyptus species. Part 1. The influence of structural features of eucalyptus xylans on their retention in kraft pulp

Abstract 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans were isolated from the wood and pulp of different Eucalyptus species (E. dunni, E. grandis, E. nitens, E. urograndis and E. urophylla) and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The content of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid (MeGlcA) varied between the eucalyptus species from 1.90 to 2.80 expressed as MeGlcA/10 xyloses, whereas in the pulp, the total uronic acid content was approximately 1.02, from which the half was hexenuronic acid (HexA). From the MeGlcA linked to the xylan chain 9–26% are substituted in position O-2 by hexose units. The Mw of the xylans extracted from wood ranged between 26.1 and 28.4 kDa. The retention of 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans (51.3–58.7%) during kraft pulping was high, and the retention is related to the content of MeGlcA group, the content of MeGlcA group substituted at O-2, and the average molecular weight of the xylans. The parameters observed affect the overall pulp yield and pulp properties.
Evaluation of a vancomycin chiral stationary phase in packed capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

Vancomycin immobilized on an aldehyde functionalized silica support in packed capillary columns has been used as a chiral stationary phase in supercritical fluid chromatography under subcritical conditions. The use of carbon dioxide with methanol as the mobile phase modifier is shown to offer an extended scope of chiral separations compared with reversed-phase liquid chromatography, especially for basic analytes. It could be demonstrated that the chiral recognition of vancomycin for different analytes is based on several kinds of interactions. Large differences in enantioselectivity in a homologous series of local anesthetic compounds indicate that the fit of a host–guest interaction between an analyte and vancomycin could be very precise. Nonlinear van't Hoff plots implied that the enantiomers of metoprolol and the modifiers evaporated from their adsorption sites at different temperatures. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 521–533, 1999
Fundamental Considerations of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics: A New Theoretical Framework

The dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition have received renewed attention in recent decades because of the concerns over its potential feedback to predicted climate change. At present, the dominant theory of SOC decomposition is based on the idea that SOC consists of kinetically homogeneous compartments decomposing according to first-order kinetics. A simpler and more consistent theoretical framework is developed based on the view that SOC is a population of carbon with widely distributed ages, along with three fundamental assumptions-that of the possibility of steady state, linearity, and rate-time equivalence. The new theory bases its description and prediction of SOC dynamics on a single observable SOC decomposition function, the R function. A number of different measurements of SOC decomposition are shown to be connected by R. Accurate description and prediction of SOC dynamics over a wide range of time scales are obtained based on approximation of R by a simple two-parameter "hockey stick" function. Previously perceived inconsistencies in experimental observations, particularly in the determination of SOC turnover time and the response of SOC decomposition to temperature, are shown to be consistent with the new theory. The new theoretical framework can serve as the foundation for more consistent interpretation of experimental observations and for the development of more robust process-based predictive models of SOC.
Origins of Flavour in Whiskies and a Revised Flavour Wheel: a Review

The nature and origins of flavour in whiskies are reviewed with the aim of developing a revised and simplified flavour wheel for training of sensory assessors. Scotch whiskies are perceived as having distinctive characters, generally recognised in pattern recognition (perception, macroscopic brain processing), rather than being subjected to a deconstruction process of evaluating attributes (sensation, microscopic brain processing). Although consumers use simple recognition judgements on whisky flavour in categorical assimilation, industry has a requirement for monitoring spirit quality that necessitates a more reductionist approach. Whisky flavour wheels identify attributes, specific components of flavour character, which can be demonstrated to sensory assessors using reference standards. The advent of cyclodextrin bound reference standards has enabled communication of information on flavour character in training of assessors, as exploited in the brewing industry. A revised flavour wheel, with characters illustrated by reference standards, is proposed to assist sensory training on attributes of whisky flavour character.
Effects of confinement on the glass transition temperature of molecular liquids

Effects of confinement on the glass transition of several molecular liquids in porous silica glasses were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature, T g , of liquid isopropylbenzene, glycerol, di-n-butyl phthalate, tret-butylbenzene, and n-butyl acetate confined to sol-gel silica glasses with pore radii in the range 18-152 A was determined. For all liquids the confinement lowers the T g observed, and the Kelvin equation and the Ehrenfest relation were used in a phenomenological way to describe the observed trends of the glass transition with the pore size
Solid−Liquid Extraction Room Temperature Phosphorimetry and Pattern Recognition for Screening Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water Samples

Solid−liquid extraction room temperature phosphorimetry and pattern recognition are being proposed for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in water samples. Both classes of pollutants are extracted with the same membrane using a syringe kit, and their phosphorescence spectra are recorded directly from the surface of the solid support. The entire experimental procedure takes less than 8 min per sample, and the limit of detection for 10 mL of water is at the parts-per-billion level. On the basis of the sample spectrum, pattern recognition is used to classify positive water samples as containing PAH, PCB, or both. The feasibility of this approach and its ability to avoid unnecessary chromatographic analysis of uncontaminated samples is demonstrated with several complex mixtures and the analysis of heavily contaminated “real world” samples. The recognition ability was 100%, while the prediction ability was close to perfect.
SERS quantitative urine creatinine measurement of human subject

SERS method for biomolecular analysis has several potentials and advantages over traditional biochemical approaches, including less specimen contact, non-destructive to specimen, and multiple components analysis. Urine is an easily available body fluid for monitoring the metabolites and renal function of human body. We developed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique using 50nm size gold colloidal particles for quantitative human urine creatinine measurements. This paper shows that SERS shifts of creatinine (104mg/dl) in artificial urine is from 1400cm-1 to 1500cm-1 which was analyzed for quantitative creatinine measurement. Ten human urine samples were obtained from ten healthy persons and analyzed by the SERS technique. Partial least square cross-validation (PLSCV) method was utilized to obtain the estimated creatinine concentration in clinically relevant (55.9mg/dl to 208mg/dl) concentration range. The root-mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) is 26.1mg/dl. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using SERS for human subject urine creatinine detection, and establishes the SERS platform technique for bodily fluids measurement.
Synthesis of a room temperature stable 12CaO·7Al2O3 electride from the melt and its application as an electron field emitter

A room temperature (RT) stable electride was realized by thermally annealing an insulating 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) single crystal in a calcium metal vapor. Here we report a simple and direct method for synthesizing polycrystalline C12A7 electride (C12A7:e-); the solidification of a “melt” in a reducing atmosphere and the crystallization of a “glass” with an oxygen-deficient composition in a vacuum. The carbon-related anion (C22-) presumably serves as the template for the formation of the C12A7 phase in the solidification process and may be spontaneously released from the lattice during the cooling process, leaving mobile electrons in the lattice. Also the C22- ions accommodated in the glass may play a significant role in the formation of C12A7:e- during the crystallization. The polycrystalline C12A7:e- exhibits an electrical conductivity up to 5 S·cm-1 at 300 K, which corresponds to an electron concentration of ∼3 × 1019 cm-3 and a nearly equal mobility of ∼0.1 cm2·V-1·s-1 to that of the single crystalline C.
Percolation characteristics of a water‐repellent sandy forest soil

In a tracer experiment TDR transect measurements were made to study percolation behaviour in a 120‐year‐old pine stand (Pinus sylvestris) on a water‐repellent sandy soil (Haplic Arenosol). The experiment (with potassium iodide) showed an 80% labelling of the total flow in organic layers, whereas the area of transport in the mineral soil was sharply reduced to 12–30%. The average diameters of these preferential flow paths were about 8–15 cm. The TDR measurements indicate a homogeneous flow only for a short period from February until April. At this time of the year preferential flow is insignificant, because the soil is at approximately field capacity and not repellent to water. During summer (May to September) the soil dries out, and most precipitation results in preferential flow during this period. For any daily rainfall exceeding 10 mm, water infiltrates down to 1 m depth in the soil, which nevertheless, is still within the root zone. This kind of deep percolation results in the subsoil’s wetting to field capacity (pF 1.8) earlier than the topsoil. A one‐dimensional numerical model (SWAP) was used to simulate mean water balance with hydraulic functions with and without a water‐repellency term. From the results of our tracer experiment we showed that the de‐watering process in spring could be simulated well using the traditional piston flow concept, while the rewetting behaviour could be described more realistically using the mobile–immobile concept for water repellency.
Numerical simulation of scavenging of an urban aerosol by filtration taking into account the presence of coagulation, condensation, and gravitational settling

This work studies the scavenging efficiencies of an average urban aerosol by means of filtration after a given mechanism of removal (coagulation, heterogeneous nucleation, and gravitational settling) as a function of time. Filtration is a simple, versatile, and economical mean for collecting samples of aerosol particles. The capture of aerosol particles by filtration is the most common method of aerosol sampling and is a widely used method for air cleaning. At low dust concentrations, fibrous filters are the most economical means for achieving high-efficiency collection of submicrometer particles. Aerosol filtration is used in diverse applications, such as respiratory protection, air cleaning of smelter effluent, processing of nuclear and hazardous materials, and clean rooms. The process of filtration is complicated, and although the general principles are well known there is a gap between theory and experiment. In this paper, we review filtration in order to provide an understanding of the properties of fibrous and porous membrane filters, the mechanisms of collection, and how collection efficiency and resistance to airflow change with filter properties and particle size.
Rate constants and mechanisms for the reaction of OH (OD) radicals with acetylene, propyne, and 2-butyne in air at 297 ± 2 K

OH (OD) radical initiated photooxidation of acetylene, propyne, and 2-butyne was studied at atmospheric pressure at 297 +/- 2 K. The rate constants were determined to be (8.8 +/- 2.0) x 10/sup -13/, (5.71 +/- 0.18) x 10/sup -12/, and (3.01 +/- 0.28) x 10/sup -11/ cm/sup 3/ molecule/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ for acetylene, propyne, and 2-butyne, respectively, by the competitive reaction method using cyclohexane as a reference compound (k/sub (OH + cyclohexane)/ = (7.57 +/- 0.05) x 10/sup -12/ cm/sup 3/ molecule/sup -1/ s/sup -1/). The major ultimate products are . cap alpha. -dicarbonyl compounds, i.e., glyoxal from acetylene, methyglyoxal from propyne, and biacetyl from 2-butyne, as well as formic acid from acetylene and propyne and acetic acid from 2-butyne. On the basis of product analyses the reaction of OH with alkynes was deduced to proceed via addition resulting in the formation of hydroxyvinyl radicals, which further react with O/sub 2/ to give carboxylic acid + RCO or . cap alpha. -dicarbonyl compounds. 30 references, 8 figures, 2 tables.
Ordered Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses for Bone Tissue Regeneration

A series of ordered mesoporous SiO2−CaO−P2O5 sol−gel glasses which are highly bioactive has been synthesized through evaporation-induced self-assembly in the presence of a nonionic triblock copolymer, EO20PO70EO20 (P123), template. By keeping constant the SiO2 + P2O5/P123 ratio, the influence of the CaO precursor, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, on the mesostructure has been determined. After calcination at 700 °C, ordered mesoporous glasses are obtained, showing structures that evolve from 3D-cubic to 2D-hexagonal when the CaO content increases. The mesoporous glasses are highly bioactive compared with conventional ones, due to the increased textural characteristics supplied by the template. The bioactivity tests point out that the surface area, porosity, and 3D-structure become more important than chemical composition during the apatite crystallization stage in these materials, due to the very high textural parameters obtained.
Biological Elimination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Solvent Extracts of Polluted Soil by the White Rot Fungus, Bjerkandera Sp. Strain BOS55

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent priority pollutants of soil and sediments. Miscible solvent extraction of the soil has previously been shown to effectively clean-up PAH pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the white rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 in initiating the degradation of PAH present in solvent extracts. The PAH in extracts of polluted soil added to 9-day-old liquid fungal cultures were removed by 80% in 7 days with 2% (v/v) ethanol in the medium. Smaller PAH compounds of only a few rings were degraded more rapidly than complexer PAH compounds having more rings. Phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene with 3 to 4 rings were eliminated by 96.8 to 99.5%; whereas, benzo[b]fluoranthene and indeno[123cd]pyrene of 5 and 6 rings were eliminated by 52 and 20% in 7 days, respectively. When the PAH extract of polluted soil was incubated in fungal cultures together with 20% acetone or ethanol, the cells were killed by the solvent. Nonetheless, partial bio.
General Collision Theory Treatment for the Rate of Bimolecular, Gas Phase Reactions

A collisional approach, somewhat similar to the Wang‐Chang and Uhlenbeck treatment for the transport properties of polyatomic molecules, is used to obtain a general expression for the rate of a bimolecular chemical reaction in terms of reaction cross sections. Specialization is then made to the case where a Maxwell‐Boltzmann velocity distribution may be assumed for the reactants. This leads to a Laplace transform relation between the rate constants for reaction of molecules in definite internal quantum states and the reaction cross sections. The further assumption of a Boltzmann distribution among the internal energy states of the reactant molecules then leads to a rate equation of the usual form and to an explicit expression for the single over‐all rate constant. This expression is used to rederive the results of the old ``simple'' collision theories. Finally, a collisional approach is used to rederive the usual rate expression of the Eyring theory of absolute reaction rates. The rather drastic approximations which seem to be necessary for such a derivation are pointed out and discussed.
Mini Review: Electroanalytical Sensors of Mesoporous Silica Materials

Mesoporous silica materials are promising substrates for electroanalytical sensors and electrocatalysis. Their characteristics include uniform pore sizes, surface areas in excess of 1000 m2 g−1, and long-range ordering of the packing of pores. The size scale, aspect ratio, and properties of mesoporous silica provide advantages in a variety of sensor applications. To improve performance, miniaturize platforms, and expand applications for trace analysis, novel materials with high sensitivity and rapid response have been developed and employed in recent years. These materials include pure mesoporous silica, mesoporous silica functionalized with organic groups, and composite or hybrid mesoporous silica. In this review, recent advances are outlined involving the application of mesoporous silica-based materials in electroanalytical sensors.
Zinc hydroxide/oxide and zinc hydroxy stannate photocatalysts as potential scaffolds for environmental remediation

This work describes the facile aqueous solution based syntheses and detailed characterization of zinc based hydroxide/oxide and zinc hydroxy stannate materials and their efficient utilization as catalyst for the photodegradation of harmful organic dye, i.e. Rhodamine B. The detailed studies revealed that the reaction time and temperature are important parameters by which the crystal phases and morphology of prepared materials can be controlled. Therefore, it was observed that with increasing the reaction time and temperature, a mixed phase of Zn(OH)2 and ZnO and pure ZnO can be prepared. The detailed characterizations showed that zinc hydroxy stannate cubes grow in high density and possess cube shaped morphologies. The detailed photocatalytic experiments revealed that as-synthesized ZnSn(OH)6 cubes possess higher photoactivity compared to the zinc based hydroxide/oxide materials. The stability results indicated no significant deactivation even after four successive re-uses in RhB photodegradation. Furthermore, the rate of ˙OH radical formation during UV irradiation was also tracked to investigate the mechanism of RhB photodegradation. The same trend was also observed on comparing the photoactivity and rate of ˙OH radical formation. Thus, it can be proposed that the mechanism of RhB degradation catalyzed by the as-synthesized materials followed an indirect oxidation of the dye by ˙OH radicals formed over the photocatalyst during UV irradiation, instead of direct electron transfer between dye and photocatalyst because there was no remarkable adsorption of the dye onto the photocatalyst surface.