Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of treatment adherence in young children with type 1 diabetes.

AIM This paper reports a study to investigate whether diabetes-specific, demographic and psychosocial variables predict adherence in young children with type 1 diabetes. BACKGROUND Paediatric diabetes rates are increasing worldwide; however, young children are neglected in treatment adherence research, despite the importance of adherence for health. Greater understanding of adherence in this group could enhance nurses' ability to provide care tailored to families' needs. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2001 and 2003 with 65 children aged 2-8 years and their mothers in Britain. Mothers were interviewed about children's diabetes care, nutritional analyses were conducted and mothers completed assessments of diabetes knowledge, parenting stress, family functioning and child psychological adjustment. Demographic and medical information was collected from patient records. FINDINGS Consistent with older populations, blood glucose monitoring and dietary regimens showed greater adherence variability than injection frequency and injection time consistency. Better maternal diabetes knowledge correlated with less injection time variability, more frequent blood glucose monitoring, lower percentage energy intake from extrinsic sugars, lower glycosylated haemoglobin levels and fewer relationship difficulties. Longer diabetes duration, greater injection time variability and higher percentage energy intake from extrinsic sugars predicted less frequent blood glucose monitoring. More relationship difficulties and less frequent blood glucose monitoring predicted higher percentage energy intake from extrinsic sugars. CONCLUSIONS Nurses can facilitate treatment adherence through provision of educational, practical and socio-emotional support. Nursing interventions should target blood glucose monitoring and dietary regimens in particular, and nurses should be sensitive to the various caretaking challenges presented to parents by different components of the diabetes regimen.
ccurrence of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin in chronic isease of dairy cows

Botulism caused by neurotoxins of Clostridium (C.) botulinum is a rare, but serious lifethreatening disease in humans and animals. Botulism in livestock is usually caused by the oral uptake of C. botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) via contaminated feed and is characterized by flaccid paralysis. In the recent past a new syndrome caused by BoNT in dairy cattle was postulated. It was supposed that C. botulinum is able to colonize the lower intestine and may subsequently produce neurotoxin. The continuous resorption of small amounts of these BoNT may then provoke the so called syndrome of ‘‘chronic’’ or ‘‘visceral’’ botulism involving unspecific clinical symptoms, reduced performance of dairy cows and massive animal losses in the affected herd. To test this hypothesis a case-control study was conducted involving 92 affected farms and 47 control farms located in Northern Germany. Fecal samples of 1388 animals were investigated for the presence of BoNT to verify the key requirement of the hypothesis of chronic botulism. BoNT was not detected in any of the fecal samples using the most sensitive standard method for BoNT detection, the mouse bioassay. Therefore, the existence of ‘‘chronic’’ or ‘‘visceral’’ botulism could not be proven. 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Corresponding author. Tel. : +49 3641 804 2295; : +49 3641 804 2228. E-mail address: christian.seyboldt@fli.bund. de (C. Seyboldt).
Lupus anticoagulant and late onset seizures

Inzelberg and Korczyn (Acta Neurol Scand 1989: 79: 114-1 18) propose that hypercoagulability of the blood in their four patients with lupus anticoagulant may explain the occurrence of late onset seizures. Although one cannot rule out the possibility that hypercoagulability was indeed the cause of the late onset seizures, the absence of clinically apparent ischaemic manifestations in the patients described, as well as the usual absence of seizures in other entities associated with hypercoagulability, does not make a strong claim for this mechanism. In two of their patients pathological antinuclear factor titres in serum were also found. They dismissed a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because their patients did not fulfill the revised ARA criteria for SLE. These criteria, however, were developed in order to discriminate SLE from the other connective tissue diseases and not for the diagnosis of SLE as such (1). Central nervous system (CNS) disorders especially focal cerebral ischemia, seizures and psychosis, frequently occur in SLE but not in other connective tissue diseases (CTD) such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease. Although the latter may frequently lead to abnormalities of the peripheral nervous system, most notably neuropathies and myopathies, there rarely or never give rise to central nervous system abnormalities (2). Therefore, in patients with an unknown CTD the appearance of a CNS disorder points to a diagnosis of SLE. Generally, patients who show an insufficient number of ARA criteria for SLE, the appearance of cerebral ischemia, seizures or psychosis can establish that diagnosis. However, in patients who present themselves with abnormalities of the CNS only, and who are thus primarily seen by neurologists, and in whom a positive lupus serology is found, the validity of the ARA criteria has, as far as we know, never been formally tested. We think that this is the reason that the mere presence of a CNS disorder in association with lupus serology, was never considered to be sufficient for the diagnosis of SLE. In patients presenting with a CNS disorder and anti-nuclear antibodies, other additional positive serological lupus criteria, such as antibodies to nDNA and Sm-antigen, positive LE cell test, lupus band test of the skin or complement consumption may be sufficient for a diagnosis of SLE (3). For that reason, we suggest that at least the two patients with antinuclear antibodies possibly suffered from SLE. It would be of interest to know whether other SLE serological markers were present in these patients, which, if positive, make a diagnosis of SLE probable.
Chemical stress by different agents affects the melatonin content of barley roots

Abstract: The presence of melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) in plants has been clearly demonstrated. However, while this indoleamine has been intensively studied in animals, especially in mammals, the same is not true in the case of plants, where one of the most interesting aspects is its possible role as antioxidative molecule in physiological processes. Some data reflect the possible protective role that melatonin may exert in some stress situations such as ultraviolet (UV)‐radiation, induced senescence and copper stress. The present work was designed to establish how the melatonin content changes in plants as a result of chemically induced stress. For this, barley plants were exposed in different treatments to the chemical‐stress agents: sodium chloride, zinc sulphate or hydrogen peroxide. After different times, the content of melatonin in treated roots and control roots were determined using liquid chromatography (LC) with time‐of‐flight/mass spectrometry and LC with fluorescence detection for identification and quantification, respectively. The data show that the melatonin content in roots increased due to stress, reaching up to six times the melatonin content of control roots. Induction was time dependent, while hydrogen peroxide (10 mm) and zinc sulphate (1 mm) were the most effective inducers. The capacity of roots to absorb melatonin from soil was also studied. The data establish, for first time, that the chemical‐stress agents assayed can induce the biosynthesis of melatonin in barley roots and produce a significant increase in their melatonin content. Such an increase in melatonin probably plays an important antioxidative role in the defense against chemically induced stress and other abiotic/biotic stresses.
Hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive‐stranded RNA virus with a 7.2 kb genome that is capped and polyadenylated. The virus is currently unclassified: the organisation of the genome resembles that of the Caliciviridae but sequence analyses suggest it is more closely related to the Togaviridae. Hepatitis E virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes both epidemics and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries of Asia and Africa but only rarely causes disease in more industrialised countries. Initially the virus was believed to have a limited geographical distribution. However, serological studies suggest that HEV may be endemic also in the United States and Europe even though it infrequently causes overt disease in these countries. Many different animal species worldwide recently have been shown to have antibodies to HEV suggesting that hepatitis E may be zoonotic. Although two related strains have been experimentally transmitted between species, direct transmission from an animal to a human has not been documented. There are four currently recognised genotypes and two of the four contain viruses isolated from swine as well as from humans. Regardless of country of origin or genotype of the virus, most, if not all, strains belong to a single serotype. A promising recombinant vaccine candidate comprised of a truncated capsid protein is currently under evaluation in Nepal. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parainfluenza virus respiratory infection after bone marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND Pneumonia complicates about half of all bone marrow transplantations, and in about a third of the cases no specific cause is identified. Although parainfluenza virus is a common cause of respiratory infection in normal children, its role in transplant recipients is unknown. METHODS We describe the incidence and clinical course of parainfluenza infection among the 1253 recipients of bone marrow transplants at our center from 1974 through 1990. We performed viral cultures on all such recipients who had manifestations of a viral infection or fever without apparent cause. RESULTS Among the 1253 patients, we found 27 (2.2 percent) who had parainfluenza virus infection as demonstrated by culture (12 of 580 adults and 15 of 673 children). Eight of these patients had only upper respiratory tract involvement, all of whom had positive nasopharyngeal cultures. Of the remaining 19, 8 had symptoms of both upper and lower respiratory tract involvement, and 11 had only lower respiratory involvement, of whom only 6 had positive nasopharyngeal cultures. Four required bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis. A median of nine days elapsed from the onset of symptoms until the culture became positive, and overall only 33 of 118 cultures obtained were positive. Respiratory failure developed in 6 of the 19 patients with lower respiratory tract involvement, and all died. CONCLUSIONS Parainfluenza virus is a cause of serious lower respiratory tract involvement in both adults and children who undergo bone marrow transplantation. Given the insensitivity of current culturing techniques, it may be underdiagnosed.
School bus routing problem based on ant colony optimization algorithm

As an important aspect of the educational service, school bus plays a significant role in student's daily travel. School bus routing problem is an important part of school bus transport system. Rational optimization of the school bus routing operation can reduce the cost of school bus service and bring convenience to students and their families, so it has theoretical and practical significance. This paper studies the related model and algorithm of school bus routing problem. For single-center and single-vehicle problem, mathematical model is built. As a case, a secondary school in Beijing is selected and analyzed intensively. The strategy of location-allocation-routing is used to complete the questionnaire analysis, address distribution analysis, stops selection and route generation. Then the problem is solved by ant colony optimization algorithm. The results show that the model proposed in this paper is applicable to real life.
Essentiality of Histidine in Ruminant and Other Animals Including Human Beings

Concept and establishment of essential amino acids in animals and human beings rendered immeasurable contributions to animal production and human health. In ruminant animals, however, essential amino acids have never been completely established. The present review proposes a hypothesis that histidine may not be an essential amino acid for normal growing cattle (Japanese black) at least at the growing stage after about 450 kg of body weight on the basis of the experimental results of histidinol dehydrogenase activities in some tissues of the cattle together with hints from which the hypothesis was derived. At the same time, histidinol dehydrogenase activities in liver, kidney and muscle of swine, mouse, fowl and wild duck will be shown and the essentiality of histidine in these animals will be discussed. Finally, the essentiality of histidine for adult human will briefly be discussed. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 3 : 445-454)
Two miRNA Clusters, Mir-17-92 (Mirc1) and Mir-106b-25 (Mirc3), Are Involved in the Regulation of Spermatogonial Differentiation in Mice1

ABSTRACT Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be critical players in spermatogenesis. The miRNA expression profiles of THY1+-enriched undifferentiated spermatogonia were characterized, and members of Mir-17-92 (Mirc1) and its paralog Mir-106b-25 (Mirc3) clusters are significantly downregulated during retinoic acid-induced spermatogonial differentiation, both in vitro and in vivo. The repression of microRNA clusters Mir-17-92 (Mirc1) and Mir-106b-25 (Mirc3) by retinoic acid in turn potentially upregulates the expression of Bim, Kit, Socs3, and Stat3. The male germ cell-specific Mir-17-92 (Mirc1) knockout mice exhibit small testes, a lower number of epididymal sperm, and mild defect in spermatogenesis. Absence of Mir-17-92 (Mirc1) in male germ cells dramatically increases expression of Mir-106b-25 (Mirc3) cluster miRNAs in the germ cells. These results suggest that Mir-17-92 (Mirc1) cluster and Mir-106b-25 (Mirc3) cluster miRNAs possibly functionally cooperate in regulating spermatogonial development.
Centrally administered nesfatin-1 inhibits feeding behaviour and gastroduodenal motility in mice

Nesfatin-1 was recently identified as a peptide with anorexigenic effects that is localized in the hypothalamus and adipocytes. Not much is known about the effect of nesfatin-1 on gut motility. Food intake was measured after intracerebroventricular administration of nesfatin-1 in food-deprived mice. Antral and duodenal motility was assessed by using a manometric method in conscious fed mice. We found that centrally administered nesfatin-1 decreased food intake and inhibited gastroduodenal motility in mice. These results suggest that nesfatin-1 influences gut motility and feeding behaviour.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LACTATE TURNPOINT AND THE TIME AT VO2 max DURING A CONSTANT VELOCITY RUN TO EXHAUSTION

The aim of present work was to examine the relationship between the running velocity at the lactate turn-point (vLTP) and the time at which VO can be sustained (TVO ) during a continuous run to exhaustion at a minimal running velocity that yields VO (vVO ). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between vLTP and TVO and between other selected physiological variables. Correlations between the relative vLTP and v VO was significant (r=0.63) at the p<0.04 level, TVO and T vVO (r=0.91) at p<0.001 level, and T vVO and TAVO (r=0.80) at p<0.01 level.
A Novel 2.6–6.4 GHz Highly Integrated Broadband GaN Power Amplifier

In this letter, a novel methodology to achieve output broadband matching is proposed. Based on this methodology, a broadband gallium nitride power amplifier (PA) with input matching and stabilization circuit integrated on-chip is designed. The implemented PA achieves a maximum drain efficiency of 62%–79.2% from 2.6 to 6.4 GHz (84.4% fractional bandwidth), with a saturated output power (Psat) of 34.3–35.8 dBm, while providing a gain larger than 10 dB. When tested with 802.11ac VHT80 MC9 (80 MHz, 256-QAM) with 11.3-dB peak-to-average power ratio, PA achieves a drain efficiency of 22.1%–25.2% with an average output power of 23–25.4 dBm across the whole band, while meeting the standard specification of error vector magnitude below −32 dB.
Efectos de una intervención educativa sobre el dolor en cónyuges de pacientes con fibromialgia: estudio mixto con diseño exploratorio secuencial

Pregunta de investigacion: ? Que efectos tiene una intervencion educativa sobre los conocimientos y creencias del dolor en los conyuges de pacientes con fibromialgia? Objetivos: Objetivo general: explorar las creencias y conocimientos en relacion al dolor de los conyuges de personas diagnosticadas de FM para desarrollar una intervencion educativa. - Fase Cualitativa: Explorar las creencias y conocimientos sobre el dolor de los conyuges de las personas diagnosticadas de FM. - Fase Cuantitativa: Objetivo principal: Evaluar los efectos de una intervencion educativa sobre el conocimiento del dolor en los conyuges de pacientes con FM en comparacion al tratamiento convencional. Objetivos especificos: Evaluar la intensidad del dolor, el catastrofismo al dolor y el impacto de la FM en los pacientes diagnosticados de FM despues de que sus conyuges hayan recibido la intervencion educativa. Metodologia/Diseno: Estudio mixto, con diseno exploratorio secuencial, con una duracion de 22 meses. La fase cualitativa seran entrevistas semiestructuradas, con muestreo no probabilistico discrecional, hasta saturacion de informacion. Una vez recogidos los datos y analizados, con los resultados se desarrollara la intervencion educativa, que durara un mes con 4 sesiones semanales, cuyos efectos se analizaran a traves de un estudio piloto con diseno de ECA a doble ciego. Estara formado por 2 grupos: grupo control de 15 sujetos, que recibira la educacion marcada por la guia de Fibromialgia del CATSALUT; y grupo experimental de 15 sujetos, que recibira la intervencion educativa basada en los resultados obtenidos de las entrevistas realizadas previamente en la fase cualitativa. Esta intervencion dispondra de informacion en un dossier y en la pagina web, junto con material audiovisual y los cuestionarios. La valoracion se hara pre-intervencion, post-intervencion y a los 3, 6 y 12 meses, tanto a los conyuges como a los pacientes con FM, a los cuales se les valorara del dolor, el catastrofismo al dolor y el impacto de la Fibromialgia. Financiacion: se preve una financiacion a traves de la beca de introduccion a la investigacion para estudiantes universitarios del Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte.
A Defence of Intentionalism about Demonstratives

Abstract Intentionalism about demonstratives is the view that the referent of a demonstrative is determined solely by the speaker’s intentions. Intentionalists can disagree about the nature of these intentions, but are united in rejecting the relevance of other factors, such as the speaker’s gestures, her gaze, and any facts about the addressee or the audience. In this paper, I formulate a particular version of this view, and I defend it against six objections, old and new.
Estimation of effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor using spatial moments of observed moisture plume

Knowledge of unsaturated zone hydraulic properties is critical for many environmental and engineering applications. Various stochastic methods have been developed during the past 2 decades to estimate the effective unsaturated hydraulic properties. Independent of these stochastic methods, we develop in this paper a practical approach to estimate the three‐dimensional (3‐D) effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor using spatial moments of 3‐D snapshots of a moisture plume under transient flow conditions. An application of the new approach to data collected at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State yields an effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor that exhibits moisture‐dependent anisotropy. The effective hydraulic conductivities compare well with laboratory‐measured unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data from small core samples; they also reproduce the general behavior of the observed moisture plume at the site. We also define a moisture diffusivity length concept which we use in conjunction with estimated correlation scales of the geologic media at the field site to explain deviations between the observed and simulated plumes based on the derived effective hydraulic properties.
Weak representational bias and the discovery of linguistic categories from speech waveforms

How does a child start to learn the sound patterns of her native language? There are two diametrically opposed approaches to this problem. According to one approach, the learner always looks for a symbolic representation in input, and such representation is based on a set of universal phonetic features (Chomsky and Halle, 1968). Since phonetic segments – or more intuitively “speech sounds” – are treated as bundles of these features, the universal feature-based representation also implicitly assumes a temporally discrete, segmental input to the learner. In this paper, this perspective will be referred to as strong representational bias. In contrast, the connectionist approach (Elman and Zipser, 1989) claims that the basis of phonological acquisition is the ability to extract statistical information from speech signals. At the level of categories, networks have been trained to simulate the perceptual change experienced by infants after exposure to input distributions (Guenther and Gjaja, 1996). Some believe that phonetic segments are an “emergent” property (Plaut and Kello, 1999) in the learning system, and that universal features offer little insight regarding how phonological acquisition can proceed from acoustic signals. Hence, connectionism illustrates a class of approaches that consider no representation bias as necessary for the learner to accomplish the task. This paper takes an intermediate standpoint between the two views, which we have named weak representational bias. Intuitively, the current approach treats phonological acquisition as a problem of “breaking the speech code”, where the input is raw speech signals, and the “code” is made of abstract representations similar to those of adult language. The emphasis on the “code”, or a highly constrained hypothesis space, is shared by the weak and the strong
The conceptual and semantic shift of “noble” and its synonyms as a case of semiosis

Abstract The paper explores the interrelation between the socially biased phenomena, affecting the conceptual domain of “knighthood” in the XIII-XV centuries. Nobility and knighthood as interrelated conceptual entities became increasingly complicated, due to cultural semiosis, which brought about drastic conceptual and semantic changes in the adjectives under scrutiny: worthy, noble, gentle. The analysis of corpus and lexicographic material as well as romances of the period demonstrated that conceptual changes became the major triggers for the large-scale semantic changes within the category.
NATURAL SELECTION AGAINST WHITE PETALS IN PHLOX

Collection localities and host plants of origin for specimens used in this study. In parentheses are the number of sequenced specimens sharing a COl haplotype for species illustrated in figure 3. Additional specimens were also sequenced for other Ophraella species, as reported by Funk et al. (1995). Ophraella arctica: Canada, N.W. T. , Inuvik, Solidago multiradiata (I); O. artemisiae: Minn. , Anoka Co., Bethel, Artemisia ludoviciana (2); O. bilineata: Canada, Sask. , Chaplin, Chrysopsis villosa (1,1); Mont. , Cascade Co., Cascade, C. villosa (I); O. communa: Calif. , San Diego Co., Kitchen Creek, Ambrosia psilostachya (I); Calif. , Inyo Co., Antelope