Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FOUR WEEKS REPETITIVE MILD COLD WATER IMMERSION ON THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES DURING IMMERSION AND CIVD RESPONSE

Previous studies have reported about the changes in thermoregulatory responses due to cold adaptation, and several types of cold adaptation (insulative, metabolic and hypothermic adaptation) have been described (Bittel, 1987; Tipton et al., 2008). The differences in cold exposure and physical characteristics have been considered as the factors affecting different types of adaptation. However it has remained uncertain that the relationship between the cold adaptation type and factors affecting adaptation. Besides the whole body cold adaptation, there have been studies about peripheral cold adaptation as a cold induced vasodilatation (CIVD) in finger immersed in cold water. It was generally found that the cold adapted subjects had a more pronounced CIVD responses (Daanen, 2003; Geurts et al., 2006). It is considered that further investigation was needed to clarify the relationship between the changes in CIVD responses and whole body thermoregulatory responses after a cold acclimation. There is a possibility that the CIVD response might be one of the cold acclimation parameters affecting the thermoregulatory responses related to cold acclimation types. This study investigated the effects of 4 weeks repetitive mild cold water immersion on the thermoregulatory responses during immersion and CIVD responses during finger cold water immersion. Additionally, another purpose was to clarify the factors affecting the different cold acclimation types.
Knot what we thought before: the twisted story of replication.

DNA replication requires the unwinding of the parental duplex, which generates (+) supercoiling ahead of the replication fork. It has been thought that removal of these (+) supercoils was the only method of unlinking the parental strands. Recent evidence implies that supercoils can diffuse across the replication fork, resulting in interwound replicated strands called precatenanes. Topoisomerases can then act both in front of and behind the replication fork. A new study by Sogo et al. [J Mol Biol 1999;286:637-643 (Ref. 1)], using a topological analysis, provides the best evidence that precatenanes exist in negatively supercoiled, partially replicated molecules in vivo.
Contemporary Cleaning and Shaping of the Root Canal System

Prevention or treatment of apical periodontitis is aimed at disinfecting the root canal system so that the periradicular tissues are not vulnerable to attack from microbiota within the tooth. This is achieved by a process of cleaning and shaping the root canal space. The fundamental principles underlying this process have not changed in decades. In contrast, the armamentarium available to the clinician continues to evolve rapidly. The use of specially designed nickel titanium (NiTi) files to create a glidepath allows the clinician to manage tight curved canals more predictably in situations which would otherwise have proved too difficult using conventional techniques. Other files, designed to shape the canal, have been developed using metallurgic principles which permit NiTi files to be more flexible and resistant to cyclic fatigue. These newer systems also require fewer instruments to prepare a canal and some, which have adopted a reciprocating (rotational) motion, may only require one file. Progress is also being made in enhancing efficacy of irrigant activity using negative apical pressure systems, sonic and ultrasonic agitation techniques. These contemporary techniques used to clean and shape the root canal system should result in improved confidence and predictability when managing endodontic disease.
An Analysis of the DDoS Potential of Single Board Computers : A Raspberry Pi Case Study  

In early 2012 the Raspberry Pi was released in the UK with the intention of promoting basic computer science in schools. The Pi is a credit card sized computer board that has most of the same functionality as a desktop computer. Since the inception of the Pi there have been numerous other Single Board Computers (SBC), Beaglebone [4] and HummingBoard [17] are competitors with the same concept as the Raspberry Pi. Another competitor, Arduino [1], was even released some years prior. The number of competition is a clear sign that the popularity of SBC is on the rise. Along with the rise of these computers, Readily Bootable OS Images (RBOI) have been developed specifically for use with such devices. A notable RBOI example is Kodi, a home theater centre oriented OS. Other already existing OS Images have also found their way onto the SBC. Using online instructions a user can have the device up and running in a matter of minutes and with a few extra steps it becomes easy to enable remote access. Without proper attention to security such as setting up a custom login instead of using the default one, devices become more vulnerable, making it easier for attackers to find and infect them. Creating a botnet out of these systems for use in a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack could become more interesting for attackers as the number of SBC increases over time. Subsequently this paper proposes research into the potency of a botnet consisting of these devices executing a DDoS attack by performing an analysis of network traffic.
Definition, prevalence and development of nasal obstruction

Nasal obstruction is defined as discomfort manifested as a feeling of insufficient airflow through the nose. Thus defined, nasal obstruction is a subjective complaint. Common synonyms for nasal obstruction are nasal stuffiness and nasal blockage. However, some authors have considered the word “obstruction” to imply the existence of an obstacle in the nose, thus suggesting the term to have an objective importance. Regarding the term nasal patency, prevailing opinion in the literature is that it denotes an objective measure of how open the nose is. The practically useful methods, which in a strict sense measure nasal patency, are acoustic rhinometry, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Often rhinomanometry and nasal peak flow measurements are also included among the methods for measuring nasal patency, although they record nasal airflow with and without, respectively, simultaneous pressure recordings. The latter methods yield data on the dynamic function of the nose, whereas acoustic rhinometry and imaging provide a static impression of nasal function. “Congestion” is another word often used regarding the nose. It is used by the clinician examining the nose, or in research to denote swollen mucosa caused by dilatation of the capacitance vessels. Decongestants act by constricting blood vessels. Increased nasal obstruction is not always accompanied by increased nasal airway resistance (NAR), decreased nasal peak flow, or reduced acoustic rhinometry values. Nasal obstruction is also one of the complaints of patients with atrophic rhinitis, a disorder with wide nasal cavities. In the presence of a common cold, NAR may, at least periodically, be within normal limits, despite the patient’s sensation of nasal obstruction. On the other hand, spraying the nose with menthol increases the sensation of nasal patency withMax Jessen’, Lars Malrn2
Design of a duty boundary condition boost converter for improve wind energy conversion efficiency

A high efficiency wind power converter, mainly constructed by the proposed duty boundary condition boost converter (DBC-BC) is proposed in this paper. It can work in the high efficiency duty cycle to effectively increase the efficiency of wind power converter. A 3kW prototype is designed and implemented to assess the performance of the proposed DBC-BC. Experimental results show that a wind power converter with high efficiency 95% can be obtained by using the proposed DBC-BC.
Trends in mortality according to hepatitis C virus serostatus in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy

Objective:To study trends in overall deaths and cause-specific deaths stratified by hepatitis C virus (HCV) serostatus in a cohort of combination antiretroviral (cART)-naive HIV-infected patients in Spain. Methods:We analyzed data from 1997 to 2008 in two calendar periods: 1997–2003 and 2004–2008. Deaths were ascertained through cohort reporting and a cross-match with the Spanish National Death Index. We used Poisson regression to model mortality rates and risk factors. Results:We analyzed 5974 HIV-positive cART-naive patients: 2471 (1497 HCV positive) in the period 1997–2003, and 3503 (689 HCV positive) in the period 2004–2008. A total of 232 deaths (158 during the first period, and 74 during the second period) were detected during 19 416 person-years of follow-up; the death rate was 12.9 of 1000 person-years. Crude overall death rates [95% confidence interval (CI)] were 16.5 (14.2–19.1) in 1997–2003 and 8.5 (6.7–10.6) in 2004–2008. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) (95%CI) in 2004–2008 taking 1997–2003 as a reference was 0.51 (0.39–0.67). When we stratified by HCV serostatus, the overall death IRR (95% CI) taking 1997–2003 as reference was 0.52 (0.32–0.85) for HCV-negative patients and 1.27 (0.90–1.79) for HCV-positive patients. When we considered cause-specific deaths (liver-related, AIDS-related, and nonliver-related/non-AIDS-related), findings were similar to those for overall-deaths. Conclusion:Taking the first years of the cART era as a reference, we observed a decrease in overall and cause-specific mortality. This decrease was only observed in HCV-negative patients.
The Costs of Reneging

Reputations are supposed to matter. Decision makers consistently refer to reputations for resolve, and international relations theories confirm the value of being able to credibly signal intentions during times of crisis. However, empirical support for the effects of reputation has been lacking. Problems of strategic selection have hampered previous quantitative tests, and the qualitative literature provides scant support for the concept in individual crises. In this article, the author shifts the focus from crisis behavior to alliance commitments and examines the effects that opportunities to uphold previous commitments have on future alliance commitments and conflicts. The results demonstrate that alliance reputations do affect both alliance formation and dispute behavior.
ELECTRONICĂ A NEW VLSI ARCHITECTURE FOR 2-D DST TRANSFORM OF PRIME LENGTH

Using a recently proposed VLSI algorithm for 2-D discrete sine transform (DST) an efficient VLSI architecture is proposed. This VLSI architecture has a modular and regular hardware structure and can compute in parallel thus resulting in high speed performances. The proposed architecture has been obtained by mapping the VLSI algorithm into two linear systolic arrays and combining them into a single linear systolic array having a high computing speed and low I/O cost with a small number of I/O channels placed at the two ends of the linear array. The presented architecture has all the advantages of the systolic array paradigm, like regular and modular structure with an interconnection topology appropriated for the VLSI technology.
"Swimming-induced head twitching" in rats in the forced swimming test induced by overcrowding stress: a new marker in the animal model of depression?

We have used overcrowding stress to study the pathogenesis of depression and the action of antidepressant drugs. In the present study, the influence of overcrowding on behavior was assessed by the forced swimming test. All the stressed rats revealed highly characteristic head twitching movement, which was not inhibited by repeated administration of diazepam and haloperidol, but was markedly suppressed by repeated administration of desipramine and mianserine. A significant positive correlation in the number of twitching episodes in each stressed rat between the first and second forced swimming test was seen. These findings support the use of overcrowding of rats as a stressor in the animal depression model because it fulfills the criteria of the model; face validity, construct validity and predictive validity. We propose the adoption of "swimming head twitching" as a new marker in the animal model of depression.
Air Quality Impact of the Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Northern Passageway of the China West-East Power Transmission Project

Abstract This paper analyzes the air quality impacts of coal-fired power plants in the northern passageway of the West-East Power Transmission Project in China. A three-layer Lagrangian model called ATMOS, was used to simulate the spatial distribution of incremental sulfur dioxide (SO2) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations under different emission control scenarios. In the year 2005, the emissions from planned power plants mainly affected the air quality of Shanxi, Shaanxi, the common boundary of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, and the area around the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. In these areas, the annually averaged incremental SO2 and PM10 concentrations exceed 2 and 2.5 µg/m3, respectively. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations are 8.3 and 7.2 µg/m3, respectively, which occur around Hancheng city, near the boundary of the Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces. After integrated control measures are considered, the maximum increases of annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations fall to 4.9 and 4 µg/m3, respectively. In the year 2010, the areas affected by planned power plants are mainly North Shaanxi, North Ningxia, and Northwest Shanxi. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations are, respectively, 6.3 and 5.6 µg/m3, occurring in Northwest Shanxi, which decline to 4.4 and 4.1 µg/m3 after the control measures are implemented. The results showed that the proposed power plants mainly affect the air quality of the region where the power plants are built, with little impact on East China where the electricity will be used. The influences of planned power plants on air quality will be decreased greatly by implementing integrated control measures.
Analytical computation of stator iron losses in interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine

The design of an electric machine should be done paying attention to core losses. This paper provides an analytical computation of the stator magnetic flux density distribution in an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine and of the related iron losses. The magnetic flux density waveform in the stator teeth and its 2D distribution in the stator yoke are obtained under load condition using an original dq decomposition of the air gap flux density. Then two iron loss models are used: a harmonic model and the time-dependent Loss Surface model. The analytical computations of iron losses with the two above-mentioned models are compared to finite-element-computed iron losses in the case of a high-speed machine. The good agreement in iron loss computations validates the use of a harmonic model for computing iron losses in the design of high-speed motors.
Sensitivity of dynamic MOS flip-flop sense amplifiers

An approximate analytic expression for the sensitivity of a dynamic flip-flop sense amplifier is derived. The calculation includes the imbalance of the flip-flop, and the approximate solution is given by means of Lynch and Boll's method. The sensitivity, which is defined by the minimum difference in input voltages, consists of two terms; one is the center voltage deviation, which is characterized by the imbalance of the device parameters, and the other is the insensitivity-width term, which greatly depends on the choice of circuit parameters. In normal highly sensitive sense amplifiers used in dynamic memories, the insensitivity-width term can be sufficiently small and the sensitivity is dominated by the imbalance of device parameters such as threshold voltages, conductances, and capacitances.
HLA-A*02 alleles are associated with tetanus antitoxin-induced exanthematous drug eruptions in Chinese patients

Objective Tetanus antitoxin (TAT) is an effective antitetanus medicine, but may sometimes cause adverse drug reactions such as rapid-onset anaphylactic shock and late-onset cutaneous adverse drug reactions, including exanthematous drug eruptions (EDE). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles are strongly associated with different types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to assess whether there is an association between TAT-induced EDE and HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C alleles in the Chinese Han population. Patients and methods We carried out an association study in 15 patients with TAT-induced EDE and two groups of general Han Chinese patients. Allele-level genotypes of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes of each patient were determined using the PCR-sequence-specific oligonucleotides method. Results The carrier frequency of HLA serotype A2 was significantly higher in the TAT-induced EDE patients than in the general Han Chinese study participants from the human major histocompatibility complex database [n=283, odds ratio (OR)=6.93; P=0.0061]. Particularly, the carrier frequency of three A2 alleles, including HLA-A*02:01, HLA-A*02:06, and HLA-A*02:07, is significantly higher than that of the control group (OR=14.40; P=2.4×10−5). Furthermore, HLA-B*39:01 was in complete linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A*02:06 in the case patients. Consequently, the distribution of the HLA-A*02:06/-B*39:01 haplotype was also significantly different in the cases and the controls (OR=105.00; P=0.0024). Conclusion The HLA-A*02:06/-B*39:01 haplotype is a potential genetic marker for the TAT-induced EDE. Furthermore, the HLA-A2 serotype, especially three alleles A*02:01, A*02:06, and A*02:07, was identified to be associated with the TAT-induced EDE in the Han Chinese population for the first time.
Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children

The persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNAs was studied in the nasal secretions of children with acute expiratory wheezing (median age: 1.7 years). On admission, 84 samples from 161 (52%) children admitted to hospital were positive by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), which detects rhino‐ and enteroviruses simultaneously. Of the samples, 26 (16%) were positive for rhinovirus, 29 (18%) enterovirus and 29 (18%) nontypable rhino‐enterovirus. After 2 weeks, 16 of these 84 (19%) samples were still positive. Rhinovirus RNA remained positive in 13 of 26 (50%) cases, whereas enterovirus RNA remained positive only in 1 of 29 (3%) cases (P = 0.0001). Respiratory symptoms at 2 weeks or systemic glucocorticoid treatment during hospital stay were not related to the persistence of viral RNA. After 5 weeks, only one sample remained PCR‐positive. Thirteen of the 79 (16%) asymptomatic control children were PCR‐positive for respiratory picornavirus. Five of the 13 (38%) PCR‐positive children developed respiratory symptoms in the following week. The study shows that after the onset of symptomatic respiratory infection enterovirus RNA may take 2–3 weeks and rhinovirus RNA 5–6 weeks to disappear from nasal mucus. J. Med. Virol. 72:695–699, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comment on the "Unnecessary assumption of statistical independence between reference signal and filter weights in feedforward adaptive systems"

Minkoff (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.45, p.2993-3004, 1997) presented a formulation in which the time-evolving weight-iteration equation for random signals is derived without the necessity of invoking the usual unsatisfactory assumption that is customarily made, namely, that the weights W and the reference signal X the weight-iteration equation are statistically independent. Minkoff neglected, however, to give a physical argument for it. That is, in this derivation, it is not necessary for W to be independent of X but only of XX which does not contain the phase information of X. The off-diagonal terms of XX contain only phase differences, which could be produced by an infinite number of different, arbitrary Xs.
Emission of Coherent THz Radiation from Superconductors

Compact solid-state sources of terahertz (THz) radiation are being sought for sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy applications across the physical and biological sciences. We demonstrate that coherent continuous-wave THz radiation of sizable power can be extracted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in the layered high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. In analogy to a laser cavity, the excitation of an electromagnetic cavity resonance inside the sample generates a macroscopic coherent state in which a large number of junctions are synchronized to oscillate in phase. The emission power is found to increase as the square of the number of junctions reaching values of 0.5 microwatt at frequencies up to 0.85 THz, and persists up to ∼50 kelvin. These results should stimulate the development of superconducting compact sources of THz radiation.
The Role of the Uncinate Fasciculus in Memory and Emotional Recognition in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: The putative neural bases of affected episodic memory and emotional recognition in early Alzheimer’s disease are suspected to be limbic and paralimbic pathological processes. The uncinate fasciculus (UF) is especially considered to be a critical structure. In the present study, we investigated microstructural UF pathology by diffusion tensor imaging in the subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and its association with memory and emotional processing impairment. Methods: Subjects included 16 patients with aMCI and 16 healthy individuals. Diffusion tensor images were acquired and the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the UF was calculated. In addition, its association with verbal memory and emotional facial recognition was investigated. Results: The FA values of the left UF were significantly lower in aMCI, and strongly correlated with episodic memory performance in aMCI. For the emotional recognition task, the aMCI subjects performed worse in negative emotion recognitions. The FA values of the left UF were correlated with the performance of fearful facial expression recognition in aMCI. Conclusion: These results indicated that microstructural alterations of the UF had already occurred in aMCI. In addition, these alterations could be one of the causes of memory and emotional processing impairment in aMCI.
Met amplification and tumor progression in Cdkn2a‐deficient melanocytes

While many genetic alterations have been identified in melanoma, the relevant molecular events that contribute to disease progression are poorly understood. Most primary human melanomas exhibit loss of expression of the CDKN2A locus in addition to activation of the canonical mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In this study, we used a Cdkn2a‐deficient mouse melanocyte cell line to screen for secondary genetic events in melanoma tumor progression. Upon investigation, intrachromosomal gene amplification of Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in melanoma progression, was identified in Cdkn2a‐deficient tumors. RNA interference targeting Met in these tumor cells resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth in vivo compared with the control cells. MET expression is rarely detected in primary human melanoma but is frequently observed in metastatic disease. This study validates a role for Met activation in melanoma tumor progression in the context of Cdkn2a deficiency.