Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I. PENDAHULUAN Indonesia merupakan negara dengan keanekara- gaman hayati terbesar kedua setelah Brazil, namun jika diperhitungkan dengan kekayaan alam lautnya, In- donesia merupakan negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang terbesar di dunia. Pemanfaatan kekayaan alam tersebut telah dilakukan sejak m

Standarisasi dan karakterisasi bahan obat dari bahan alam sangat penting untuk mendapatkan obat yang berkhasiat secara berkelanjutan dengan mutu yang terjamin. Salah satu bahan obat tradisional yang banyak digunakan adalah Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap tiga jenis ekstrak yang diperoleh dengan penyari n-heksan, metanol dan etanol 70%. Metode karakterisasi yang digunakan adalah secara spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FT-IR, TLC Scanner, dan KCKT. Analisis rendamen ekstrak menunjukkan hasil tertinggi berturut-turut sebanyak 8% dengan penyari metanol, 7,4% dengan etanol 70% dan 2,0% dengan n-heksan dengan absorpsi sinar UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 221, 256, 286, 444, dan 534 nm untuk ekstrak MeOH dan EtOH sedangkan pada ekstrak n-heksan menunjukkan profil absorpsi yang berbeda yaitu pada panjang gelombang 203, 254 dan 445 nm. Spektrum infra merah dari ketiga ekstrak menunjukkan adanya intensitas serapan yang berbeda untuk tiap ekstrak dan profiling dengan densitometry dari KLT menunjukkan perbedaan senyawa yang tersari dari ketiga pelarut tersebut. Hasil KCKT menunjukkan profil senyawa tersari pada ekstrak metanol mirip dengan ekstrak etanol kecuali perbedaan intensitas senyawa pada waktu retensi 6,99 menit dan 11,29 menit sedangkan dengan menggunakan n-hexan menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda dengan penyari sebelumnya pada kondisi KCKT yang sama. Uji antiosteoporisis terhadap ketiga ekstrak menunjukkan adanya stimulasi pada proliferasi sel osteoblast dan hambatan pada pembentukan sel osteoclast pada konsentrasi 100μg/ml. Ketiga ekstrak memiliki kemampuan lebih kuat pada stimulasi proliferasi osteoblast sel, akan tetapi lebih lemah pada kemampuan penghambatan terhadap pembentukan osteoclast sel jika dibandingkan dengan positif kontrol calsitonin. Ekstrak etanol menunjukkan hasil yang paling kuat sebagai antiosteoporosis.
Improvement in Quality of Life , Functional Capacity , and Depression Level after Cardiac Rehabilitation

Objective: In cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP), patients are supported to achieve and maintain optimal physical and psychosocial health following a recent cardiac event or procedure. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the effects of CRP in our cardiopulmonary rehabilitation unit. Material and Methods: Records of 40 patients with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and 10 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and who completed 30 sessions were evaluated. CRP comprised aerobic exercise with cycle ergometer and the upper and lower extremity strengthening exercises. The patients’ vital signs were monitored during the cycle ergometer exercise. The quality of life of the patients were evaluated with the Short Form-36 (SF-36), aerobic exercise capacity and metabolic equivalent (MET) levels were assessed with the effort test using the Bruce protocol, their functional capacity was assessed with a 6-min walk test, and depression levels were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: After CRP, there were statistically significant differences in all subunits of SF-36 except social function, emotional role, and mental component in patients with CAD (p≤0.05). In patients with CABG, physical function, physical role, social function, and mental health subunits of SF-36 significantly improved (p≤0.05). The patients’ mean MET values significantly increased in both the groups (p≤0.05). The mean 6-MWT distances significantly increased from 455.3±66.4 to 522.7±68.5 m after CRP in patients with CAD (p<0.001). Furthermore, in patients with CABG, the mean 6-MWT distances significantly increased from 389.1±88.5 to 495.0±99.1 m (p≤0.05). There was significant decrease in BDI score from 4.3±7.1 to 2.9±4.3 in patients with CAD (p≤0.05). However, no significant change in mean BDI score was observed in patients with CABG. Conclusion: In our cardiopulmonary rehabilitation unit, CRP, comprising endurance exercise using cycle ergometer, improved the quality of life and functional capacity in patients with CAD and CABG. However, the improvement in depression level was observed only in patients with CAD.
Secure Gateway for the Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) includes connected devices such as industrial embedded devices, vehicles, smart home appliances, sensors, and actuators. Even non-internet-enabled physical devices can be part of the IoT system through gateways. IoT platforms are getting the attraction of the attackers because of the security weakness of the constrained devices. They can use the IoT devices for DDOS attacking or directly attack the device to damage the overall system. Since several communication industry standard protocols such as MQTT, AMQP, and COAP can be utilized in an environment, communication between devices can be provided through a broker. Unencrypted communications can be sniffed; therefore, username and passwords can be stolen or message content can be modified by an attacker. Therefore, secure authentication and encrypted communication are required in order to make the systems secure. TLS based approaches can be utilized to provide encrypted communication. However, constrained devices cannot handle asymmetric encryption algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new approach for IoT gateways with the utilization of a secure element which has storage for keys, true random generator, and AES 128-bit encryption capability. The proposed approach includes authentication and encrypted communication between the gateway and the broker. We also proposed a new method to provide simultaneous encryption and MQTT based communication with the utilization of physical IC property of the ARM Cortex-M3. The secure element/chip is utilized in two different embedded devices, namely new developed embedded device (ARM Cortex-M0) and a demo card (ARM Cortex-M3) to test the approach and measure performances. We also investigate message integrity methods through the cryptographic hash (such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2) or cyclic redundancy check (CRC32/64) algorithms.
Diagnosis and treatment of snoring in adults – S 2 k Guideline of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery

Objectives This guideline aims to promote high-quality care by medical specialists for subjects who snore and is designed for everyone involved in the diagnosis and treatment of snoring in an inor outpatient setting. Discussion To date, a satisfactory definition of snoring is lacking. Snoring is caused by a vibration of soft tissue in the upper airway induced by respiration during sleep. It is triggered by relaxation of the upper airway dilator muscles that occurs during sleep. Multiple risk factors for snoring have been described and snoring is of multifactorial origin. The true incidence of snoring is not clear to date, as the incidence differs throughout literature. Snoring is more likely to appear in middle age, predominantly in males. Diagnostic measures should include a sleep medical history, preferably involving an interview with the bed partner, and may be completed with questionnaires. Clinical examination should include examination of the nose to evaluate the relevant structures for nasal breathing and may be completed with nasal endoscopy. Evaluation of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx should also be performed. Clinical assessment of the oral cavity should include the size of the tongue, the mucosa of the oral cavity, and the dental status. Furthermore, facial skeletal morphology should be evaluated. In select cases, technical diagnostic measures may be added. Further objective measures should be performed if the medical history and/or clinical This guideline was initially published in German: Stuck BA, Dreher A, Heiser C, Herzog M, Kühnel T, Maurer JT, Pistner H, Sitter H, Steffen A, Verse T für die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Schlafmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopfund HalsChirurgie e.V. S2k-Leitlinie “Diagnostik und Therapie des Schnarchens des Erwachsenen”. HNO 2013; 61:944–957 B. A. Stuck (*) : J. T. Maurer Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany e-mail: boris.stuck@umm.de A. Dreher Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany C. Heiser Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany M. Herzog Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany T. Kühnel Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany H. Pistner German Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Erfurt, Germany H. Sitter Institute for Surgical Research, Marburg, Germany A. Steffen Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany T. Verse Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asklepios-Klinik Harburg, Hamburg, Germany Sleep Breath DOI 10.1007/s11325-014-0979-8
Insertion torque of hybrid tapered implants with different types of instrumentation : an in vitro analysis and report of two cases

Aim The aim of this study was to observe the behavior of the hybrid implants, evaluating the insertion test with different drilling protocols and present two case reports of hybrid implant placed in the upper arch. Materials and methods For the in vitro study 50 implants were placed in 2 different types of synthetic bone blocks composed of rigid solid polyurethane (high density, type I, and low density, type IV). The implants were divided into five groups (n=10): Group 1 (Test) hybrid/conical implants of 3.75 mm x 13 mm placed in a high density bone block with oversized instrumentation; Group 2 (Control) cutting/cylindrical of 3.75 mm x 13 mm, placed in a high density bone block with regular instrumentation; Group 3 (Test) hybrid/conical implants of 4.3 mm x 13 mm placed in a low density bone block with undersized instrumentation; Group 4 (Test) hybrid/conical implants of 4.3 mm x 13 mm placed in a low density bone block with regular instrumentation; Group 5 (Control) compact/conical implants of 4.3 mm x 13 mm placed in a low density bone block with regular instrumentation. Two cases are reported of hybrid implants placed in the maxilla with 12-month follow up. Results No significant difference was observed between hybrid/conical implants and the control group, according to final placement torque in high and low density bone. However, undersized instrumentation showed a significantly increased final torque placement for hybrid/conical implant. Conclusions Implant macrostructure, bone instrumentation technique influence the insertion torque for hybrid/conical implants. At the 12-month follow-up the implants were stable. Insertion torque of hybrid tapered implants with different types of instrumentation: an in vitro analysis and report of two cases
Application of UV Imaging in Formulation Development

Efficient drug delivery is dependent on the drug substance dissolving in the body fluids, being released from dosage forms and transported to the site of action. A fundamental understanding of the interplay between the physicochemical properties of the active compound and pharmaceutical excipients defining formulation behavior after exposure to the aqueous environments and pharmaceutical performance is critical in pharmaceutical development, manufacturing and quality control of drugs. UV imaging has been explored as a tool for qualitative and quantitative characterization of drug dissolution and release with the characteristic feature of providing real-time visualization of the solution phase drug transport in the vicinity of the formulation. Events occurring during drug dissolution and release, such as polymer swelling, drug precipitation/recrystallization, or solvent-mediated phase transitions related to the structural properties of the drug substance or formulation can be monitored and characterized by other analytical techniques like Raman spectroscopy. UV imaging is non-intrusive and simple-to-operate, which holds potential for providing a mechanistic foundation for formulation development. This review aims to cover applications of UV imaging in the early and late phase pharmaceutical development with a special focus on the relation between structural properties and performance. Potential areas of future advancement and application are also discussed.
Using nonlocal filtering and feature extraction approaches in three-dimensional face recognition by Kinect

To use low-cost depth sensors such as Kinect for three-dimensional face recognition with an acceptable rate of recognition, the challenges of filling up nonmeasured pixels and smoothing of noisy data need to be addressed. The main goal of this article is presenting solutions for aforementioned challenges as well as offering feature extraction methods to reach the highest level of accuracy in the presence of different facial expressions and occlusions. To use this method, a domestic database was created. First, the noisy pixels-called holes-of depth image is removed by solving multiple linear equations resulted from the values of the surrounding pixels of the holes. Then, bilateral and block matching 3-D filtering approaches, as representatives of local and nonlocal filtering approaches, are used for depth image smoothing. Curvelet transform as a well-known nonlocal feature extraction technique applied on both RGB and depth images. Two unsupervised dimension reduction techniques, namely, principal component analysis and independent component analysis, are used to reduce the dimension of extracted features. Finally, support vector machine is used for classification. Experimental results show a recognition rate of 90% for just depth images and 100% when combining RGB and depth data of a Kinect sensor which is much higher than other recently proposed algorithms.
XML Schemas : From Design to Exploitation and Back Again

The knowledge of XML schema of XML documents is a crucial aspect to ensure that we work with correct data, as well as a key optimization approach to XML data processing. In this paper we provide an overview of research topics related to XML schemas that we have been dealing with during our work on Information Society Project (1ET100300419). We briefly describe the current state of the art and open problems we have encountered in particular areas, the results we have acquired, as well as remaining open issues and ongoing aims we have stated.
Identification of Rice Blast ( Pyricularia Oryzae Cav . ) Races from Kenyan Rice Growing Regions Using Culture and Classical Charaterization

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the third most important cereal food crop in Kenya. The average national yields in Kenya are low. The country produces 26% of the required tonnage. Rice Blast has been singled out as one of the main causes limiting production. Variety screening to blast disease has failed due to breakdown of resistance within short periods. Pathogen variability is suspected to cause this. Achieving a stable resistance to blast is the most important goal in managing blast disease; this can be done most effectively with a proper understanding of the pathogen. The overall objective of this research therefore was to characterize the rice blast pathogen, Pyricularia oryzae Cav. population in Kenya. The specific objectives were to assess the incidence and intensity of this disease in rice growing regions of the country and to establish biological characterization of the Pathogen. Rice diseased samples were collected from rice growing regions. A GPS device was used to measure the coordinates and altitude of the locations. Fungal visual symptoms were assessed. Each field was divided into quarters, 100 randomly selected plants were observed in each quarter and the results expressed as symptom bearing plants out of 100 observed leaves. Ten infected rice plants from the field were randomly collected for spore culture at Masinde Muliro University of Science and technology laboratories. Characteristics of the different cultures were described; conidia and conidiophores description was used to further differentiate the different races. High incidence of disease was noted in Msambweni 80%, Homabay 60% and West Kano 60%. The lowest infestation was noted in Mumias 40% . A total of eight possible races were described. Pathogenicity tests on eight varieties indicated differences in virulence. Disease severity varied significantly across the varieties (df꞊8;p<0.0001). Molecular characterization was recommended for confirmation of this work.
Mathematical models for gene expression and regulation based on integer delay difference equations

Differential equations usually used to establish the mathematical model for the gene expression and regulation. However, the molecular discreteness and the time delay effect are not negligible for the biochemical reactions and gene netwoks. In order to describe a more realistic cell world, we attempt to use integer delay difference equations to study the processes of gene expression and regulation, with the number of discrete molecules instead of continuous molecule concentration, taking into consideration the delay effect in transcription, translation, and regulation. The models constructed include single gene expression model, regulatory network model of multiple genes, and signal pathway-gene regulation model. Some processes, such as process of genes activated by transcription factors, process of membrane receptor activated by extracellular ligands, process of transcription factor activated by membrane receptor, are similar but somewhat different. Therefore, this paper constructs a framework for the competition model between the ligands to bind one receptor. The above models are carried out with numerical simulation in this paper reproducing biological phenomena such as ‘transcriptional bursting’, ‘translational bursting’, and ‘gene switch’. In addition, the paper has discovered and proved average concentration formula of mRNA associated with the delay parameters under the assumption that the gene is activated and inactivated alternately.
Effects of water browning and visual predator cues on Rana ( Lithobates ) clamitans and Rana ( Lithobates ) catesbiena foraging behavior

Increased amounts of terrestrially derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are not only changing the color of waterways, but also the physical properties of freshwater habitats throughout the northeastern United States. These changes could be affecting the biodiversity, survivability, distribution, and foraging behavior of animals which inhabit these ecosystems. We investigated the effects of increased DOC levels on the foraging behavior of L. clamitans and L. catesbeiana tadpoles in the presence and absence of predators to evaluate not only the effects of water transparency on their foraging behavior, but also if visual predator cues affect foraging. To do so, we collected tadpoles of both species from lakes in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and ran lab trials in aquariums filled with water prepared to different DOC levels with and without visual predator cues. Our results showed that the visual presence of predators resulted in a significant increase in L. clamitans tadpole foraging in both high and low DOC treatments. Also, our results showed that L. clamitans showed a significant preference for foraging at the surface in the absence of predators and a significant preference for foraging from the bottom of the water column when exposed to visual predator cues. L. catesbeiana showed no significant changes in foraging behavior across any treatment. These results suggest that visual cues, an area of little previous study in tadpoles, can influence tadpole foraging behavior. Furthermore, these findings suggest that increased amounts of terrestrially-derived DOC could facilitate the spread of species with high invasive potential, such as L. catesbeiana, within affected ecosystems across the country. Introduction Water “browning” has been occurring in lakes throughout the northeastern United States since the 1980’s due to increased levels of terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter (DOC) in conjunction with other factors including decreased acid precipitation, increased precipitation (causing increased erosion of terrestrial organic matter), changes in land use, and iron interactions (Williamson et al., 2015). Furthermore, increases in overall DOC and DOC interactions that increase color can cause changes in water conditions (Brothers et al., 2014; Wehenmeyer et al., 2014). Although the causes and future trends of this phenomenon are unclear (Graneli, 2012), studies have shown water browning to increase water temperature and thermal stratification, lead to oxygen depletion, alter vertical habitat and food distribution, and “switch lake metabolisms from autotrophy to heterotrophy” (Williamson et al., 2015), indicating the immense potential of this phenomenon to catalyze significant ecosystem changes. Water
Immigration and the Stock Market : How Immigration Policy Affects the Stock Prices of Firms that Employ Low-Skilled Workers

The Center for Growth and Opportunity at Utah State University is a university-based academic research center that explores the scientific foundations of the interaction between individuals, business, and government. This working paper represents scientific research that is intended for submission to an academic journal. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center for Growth and Opportunity at Utah State University or the views of Utah State University.
Crustacea : non-cladoceran Branchiopoda

INTRODUCTION Branchiopod crustaceans are common inhabitants of temporary pools throughout the world. They are often divided by workers into the cladocerans (sometimes treated as the order Cladocera; see Martin and Davis 2001, for discussions on the classification of the cladoceran groups) and the non-cladoceran large branchiopods. This artificial division is unfortunate. It masks the large size that some cladocerans can attain, as well as giving the impression that the large branchiopods (traditionally, the orders Anostraca, Notostraca, and Conchostraca; Fig. 1, Table 1) are somehow more closely related to each other than they are to any of the cladoceran groups. The truth is that relationships within the Branchiopoda are still poorly understood, and division of the group into large branchiopods and smaller ones (cladocerans) is an obviously artificial grouping of convenience by those who work on the groups. Few branchiopods have been reported from Southeast Asia (defined by us as including Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, and the Philippines). No large branchiopods were reported from Malaysia prior to a recent report (Martin et al. 2003) of the clam shrimp species Cyclestheria hislopi (family Cyclestheriidae) from tin mine lakes in the vicinity of Kuala Lumpur. However, large branchiopods in general are widely distributed, and it is reasonable to expect that additional species might occur in Malaysia.