Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life-Prediction Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Derived from a Fatigue Approach I. Introduction: Capacity-Loss Prediction Based on Damage Accumulation

The possibility of using mechanical-fatigue life-prognostic methods for the life prediction of Li-ion batteries is evaluated. To this end, a physics-based model of a battery experiencing a single source of aging, i.e., the growth of a solid electrolyte interphase at the carbonaceous anode material, is employed as a surrogate battery. Dummy aging data sets, consisting of current microcycles at a nearly constant state of charge, are readily generated and used to evaluate the prediction capability of damage-accumulation relationships, among which is the Palmgren-Miner (PM) rule, which is well known in the field of mechanical fatigue. The PM rule is slightly more accurate than the regular damage accumulation over time. A complete methodology for predicting the aging of a battery experiencing a complex current profile is proposed in a second paper.
Evaluation of a conducting interpenetrating network based on gum ghatti-g-poly(acrylic acid-aniline) as a colon-specific delivery system for amoxicillin trihydrate and paracetamol

The objective of the present investigation was to develop colon-specific drug delivery systems for amoxicillin trihydrate and paracetamol using Gum ghatti (Gg) based cross-linked hydrogels. An interpenetrating network (IPN) of electrically active hydrogel based on Gg, poly(acrylic acid) (AA) and polyaniline was synthesized by a two-step aqueous polymerization. The radical copolymerization of Gg and AA was done using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulphate (APS) as a crosslinker-initiator system. Optimum operating conditions for maximizing the percentage swelling were solvent (ml) = 10, AA (mol L−1) = 0.291 × 10−3, APS (mol L−1) = 0.219 × 10−1, MBA (mol L−1) = 0.324 × 10−1, reaction time (min) = 180, temperature (°C) = 60 and pH = 7.0. The synthesized semi-IPN matrix was further grafted with aniline through oxidative-radical copolymerization using APS in acidic media. The resultant cross-linked hydrogels were characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ToF-SIMS and electrical conductivity. The maximum conductivity was found to be 2.5 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 1.5 N HCl concentration. The synthesized hydrogels were loaded with amoxicillin trihydrate and paracetamol as model drugs to investigate the release behaviour. Amoxicillin trihydrate follows the surface phenomena and weak bonding interaction whereas paracetamol exhibited chemical interaction with the hydrogel matrices. The release rate of both the drugs through the synthesized hydrogel matrices was found to show Fickian behaviour at each pH. The hydrogel networks showed lower release in acidic and neutral media than in basic media, making them particularly suitable carriers for colon-specific drug delivery.
Dielectric-Spectroscopic and A.C. Conductivity Investigations on Layered K1.9 Rb0.1Ti4 O9 Ceramic

The dependence of loss tangent (tanδ), real part of the dielectric constant (ϵ′) and imaginary part of the dielectric constant (ϵ″) on temperature in the temperature range 373–773 K and on frequency in the frequency range 20 kHz–1 MHz have been reported for 5.0% rubidium doped K2Ti4O9 ceramic sample. The dielectric losses in this material are the cooperative contribution of electrical conduction, dipole orientation and space charge polarization. The possible ferroelectric phase transition has been identified at 623K. The ln (σ ac T) vs 1000/T plots have been divided into four regions namely region I, II, III and IV. The mechanisms of conduction in various temperature regions are given.
Helium Tunneling through Nitrogen-Functionalized Graphene Pores: Pressure- and Temperature-Driven Approaches to Isotope Separation

Recently, we showed that nitrogen-functionalized nanopores obtained by removing two rings from a perfect graphene sheet provide suitable barriers for a separation of fermionic helium-3 from its bosonic counterpart helium-4 [J. Phys. Chem. Lett.2012, 3, 209–213]. In this follow-up Article, we provide potential curves for helium passing through several different types of pores, discuss the relation of the barrier height to the effective pore size, give estimations for bound states of helium attached to the pores, and analyze the effects of isomeric and stoichiometric variations of the pore-rim nitrogen-passivation on the gas separation performance. Slight deviations in the tunneling probability for the two helium isotopes can lead to a high selectivity at an industrially acceptable gas flux if the gas temperature is kept sufficiently low. We also recently showed that the mass-dependence of quantum tunneling and zero-point energy differences at the top of the potential energy barrier allow for a classically .
Simultaneous HPTLC Analysis of E-Guggulsterone, Z-Guggulsterone, 11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid, and 3-Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid in an Anti-Arthritic Formulation

A simple, precise, and rapid HPTLC method has been established for simultaneous analysis of E-guggulsterone, Z-guggulsterone, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (11-KBA), and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (A-11-KBA) in an anti-arthritic formulation. The method involves densitometric evaluation of E and Z-guggulsterone, 11-KBA and A-11-KBA after their resolution on pre-coated silica gel 60F254 plates with n-hexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate-methanol 10:3:3:1 (v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was at 254 nm. Good resolution was achieved, with RF 0.61 ± 0.03, 0.68 ± 0.03, 0.28 ± 0.03, and 0.39 ± 0.03 for E and Z-guggulsterone 11-KBA, and A-11-KBA, respectively. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The method was linear in the range 10–90 ng per band for E and Z-guggulsterone and 50–450 ng per band for 11-KBA and A-11-KBA. Recovery at 80, 100, and 120% was 96.93 ± 0.27, 97.39 ± 0.22, 97.60 ± 0.61, and 97.19 ± 0.41% for E- and Z-guggulsterone, 11-KBA, and A-11-KBA, respectively. The method is simple, specific, precise, accurate, reproducible, and gives results comparable with those from an HPLC method.
Mercury(II) Ion Adsorption Behavior in Thiol-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Microspheres

Microspherical mercury ion adsorbents with uniform mesopore channels were prepared by fluoride-catalyzed surfactant-directed co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) using mildly acidic nonionic surfactant solutions. Using batch adsorption methods, mercury(II) adsorption isotherms and kinetic uptake profiles for these adsorbents were obtained. The mercury(II) isotherms of the microspheres with low thiol group loadings did not fit the Langmuir expression and were indicative of weak interactions between the mercury(II) ions and the adsorbents. With increasing thiol group loading, the isotherms approached type-I in appearance, indicating improved binding energetics of the ions with the adsorbents. The adsorption kinetics of the adsorbents suggested that the uptake of mercury ions by the microspheres was rather slow, with diffusion coefficients ranging between 10-14 and 10-15 m2 s-1. The coefficients were found to increase as a function of the thiol group densit.
Density-dependent instabilities in correlated two?dimensional electron systems

We have investigated the electrical transport in mesoscopic low-density 2D electron systems as a function of background disorder. At zero magnetic field, over a specific window of disorder and electron density, an unusual density-dependent oscillatory pattern in conductance was observed as the Fermi energy was swept in the localized regime. The temperature, source-drain bias and magnetic field dependence of transport indicate the formation of a pinned electron solid, which undergoes a series of order-disorder transitions as the electron density is changed by a gate.
An Empirical Dosimetry Model of Aerodynamic Particle Deposition in the Rat Respiratory Tract

AbstractModels of airborne particle behavior in both the rodent and the human lung are needed to evaluate health effects following inhalation exposures for human health risk assessment as well as for therapeutic applications. We describe an empirical dosimetry model that can be used to predict fractional deposition of particles in the aerodynamic size range (i.e., diameter >0.5 μm) in the extrathoracic (ET), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (A) regions of the rat lung. Independent equations for deposition efficiency of monodisperse particles in each of the three regions were selected after evaluating three unique functions as well as different parameterizations of independent variables consistent with the mechanisms of particle deposition in each region. For all of the functions fit to the deposition efficiency data, the asymptotic R2 exceeded 0.95. Based on comparisons of the root mean square error (MSE) from the different deposition efficiency equations, as well as of other statistical tests, the log.
Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation of Ionic Surfactants: A Critical Assessment for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride and Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate (Na Salt) by Microcalorimetric, Conductometric, and Tensiometric Measurements

The thermodynamics of micelle formation of ionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), and sodium salt of dioctyl sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT or AOT) have been thoroughly assessed from microcalorimetric, conductometric, and tensiometric measurements, and the results have been rationalized in terms of physicochemical concepts and relations. The past and recent critical micellar concentration (CMC) data on SDS have been considered and compared; the CMCs of SDS, CPC, and AOT determined in this and earlier studies have been processed to evaluate the energetic parameters (free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity) of micellization. The effect of the salt, NaCl, on the CMC and energetics of micellization of the surfactants has been also examined.
Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary

Spectral absorption coefficients of the total particulate, ap(λ), nonalgal particulate, ad(λ), and phytoplankton pigment, aph(λ), in the Pearl River estuary and its vicinity waters were determined using the quantitative filter technique. The particulate absorption ap(443) ranged from 0.04 to 1.82 m−1, with the corresponding aph(443) ranging from 0.016 to 0.484 m−1. Two typical spectral patterns are found for the total particulate absorption. For the first typical spectral pattern, the total particulate absorption spectra are similar to that of nonalgal particulate, with values of absorption coefficient decreasing with wavelength. In contrast, for the second spectral pattern the spectral absorptions by total particulate are very similar to that of phytoplankton pigment. The spectral dependency of absorption by nonalgal particulate follows an exponential increase toward short wavelengths, with an average slope of 0.012 ± 0.002 nm−1. The nonalgal absorption and the fraction of the nonalgal particulate absorption to the total particulate absorption exhibit a distinct trend of decreasing with salinity of the surface water. Phytoplankton pigment absorption exhibits a clear trend of increasing nonlinearly with chlorophyll a concentration. The relationships between the phytoplankton pigment absorption and chlorophyll a concentration can be described by power law, with the determination coefficient r2 of 0.82. But only weak relationships between ap(λ) and chlorophyll a concentration are observed, with the determination coefficient r2 of 0.42. The relatively large scatter around ap(443) versus chl-a relationship would be attributed to the effects of loading of the nonalgal particulate absorption. Our analysis indicated that such relationships similar to that for Case I waters can be applicable to optically complex Case II waters if the effects caused by nonalgal are corrected. The chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton pigment are not constant, it increases with decreasing chlorophyll a level. To improve the accuracy of bio-optical algorithms for remote sensing in coastal waters, further investigations on the variations of specific absorption of chlorophyll pigment must be made.
Progress in clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is the most common disease in children associated with lifelong disability in many countries. Clinical research has demonstrated that traditional physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapies cannot alone cure cerebral palsy. Stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy that has been applied in clinical trials for a variety of neurological diseases because of the regenerative and unlimited proliferative capacity of stem cells. In this review, we summarize the design schemes and results of these clinical trials. Our findings reveal great differences in population characteristics, stem cell types and doses, administration methods, and evaluation methods among the included clinical trials. Furthermore, we also assess the safety and efficacy of these clinical trials. We anticipate that our findings will advance the rational development of clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy and contribute to the clinical application of stem cells.
Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communications of the neurogliovascular unit

The cortical grey matter of mammals has a specific cyto-architecture defined by the process of “tiling” in which protoplasmic astrocytes parcellate the nervous tissue into spatially segregated territorial domains. Within these domains astrocytes integrate neuronal structures, microglial cells and neighboring capillaries into the neurogliovascular unit or neurogliovascular unit (NGVU) (Verkhratsky and Nedergaard, 2018; Sweeney et al., 2019). Signaling within NGVU is of fundamental importance for sustaining brain function, while disruptions of these signaling pathways define many aspects of neuropathology.
Efficacy of short-term multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation in patients with different Parkinson’s disease motor subtypes: a prospective pilot study with 3-month follow-up

Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be classified into three motor-based subtypes: postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD), tremor dominant (TD), and indeterminate. The neuropathophysiological mechanisms of the three motor subtypes are different, which may lead to different responses to therapy. Sixty-nine patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn–Yahr stage ≤ 3) were screened from 436 patients with Parkinsonism recruited through outpatient services and the internet. According to the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) TD/PIGD ratio, the patients were divided into PIGD (TD/PIGD ≤ 0.09; n = 36), TD (TD/PIGD ≥1.15; n = 19), and indeterminate (TD/PIGD = 0.90–1.15; n = 14) groups. All patients received 2 weeks of multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) during hospitalization, as well as a remote home rehabilitation health education class. Compared with the scores at admission, all patients showed significant improvements in their MDS-UPDRS III score, walking ability, balance, and posture control at discharge. Moreover, the MDS-UPDRS III score improvement was greater in the PIGD group than in the TD group. The follow-up data, collected for 3 months after discharge, showed that overall symptom improvement in each group was maintained for 1–3 months. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the duration or grade effects of symptom improvement among the three groups. These findings suggest that 2 weeks of MIRT is effective for improving motor performance in all three motor subtypes. Patients in the PIGD group had a better response after hospitalization than those in the TD group. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital Medical University of China (approval No. 2018bkky022) on May 7, 2018 and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No. ChiCTR1900020771) on January 19, 2019.
Antimicrobial protein production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27: Optimization of culture conditions using Taguchi's experimental design

We report the applicability of the Taguchi DOE methodology for optimization of culture conditions for maximum antimicrobial protein (AMP) production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27. The influence of individual factors and the relationships between the factors and their levels were established. Three factors viz, pH, incubation temperature and incubation period, each at three levels were selected and an orthogonal array (OA) layout of L 27 containing 27 welldefined experiments were performed. Two response variables (bacterial growth and inhibitory activity of the AMP) were measured. Maximum AMP production of 6774.85 AU/ml against S. aureus was predicted at pH 7.0, incubation period 36 h and at temperature 30°C using response surface plots. This study serves as another example for the application of the Taguchi methodology for improvement of biological processes.
Beta-manganese dioxide nanoflowers self-assembled by ultrathin nanoplates with enhanced supercapacitive performance

Hierarchical porous β-MnO2 nanoflowers self-assembled by ultrathin (thickness less than 10 nm) nanoplates have been successfully fabricated at room temperature. Because of its high specific surface area (267 m2 g−1) and proper pore size distributions (average pore size, ca. 5.9 nm), the obtained 3D nanomaterials achieve enhanced capacitance as high as 296.3 F g−1 at a scanning rate of 2 mV s−1, which is ∼20 times of those of the traditionally prepared nanostructural β-MnO2 (e.g. 1D hollow β-MnO2 nanorods with ∼14.9 F g−1). Furthermore, it has an appreciable ability to deliver large energy densities at high rates (67.4% capacitive retention). The comparable property with α-MnO2 indicates that such low-cost porous β-MnO2 nanoflowers may also be a very promising candidate material for supercapacitors besides lithium battery material.
A Rapid Method for Quantifying Total Anthocyanins in Blue Aleurone and Purple Pericarp Wheats

ABSTRACT A simple, rapid method for determining total anthocyanins was developed for use in developing wheat cultivars with dark-blue grains. The method was evaluated as a screening test and for quantification of total anthocyanins in blue and purple wheats and related cereals. Wheat anthocyanins were significantly more extractable in ethanol or methanol than in water at different pH levels. A sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:8 at pH 1 and 25°C was used. Anthocyanin extracts of pigmented wheat and barley grains exhibited absorbance spectra similar to cyanidin 3-glucoside. The absorbance of anthocyanin extracts of 160 blue wheat experimental lines were significantly correlated with whole-grain Hunterlab color values. Total anthocyanins averaged 157 mg/kg in blue wheat whole meal and 104 mg/kg in purple wheat whole meal, whereas blue wheat bran contained 458 mg/kg as compared with 251 mg/kg in purple wheat bran.
La qualité de service dans l'Internet

L'Internet, comme la majorité des réseaux en mode paquet, n'a pas été initialement conçu pour prendre en compte les paramètres de qualité de service. Les réseaux en mode paquets ont été développés à une époque où la bande passante était rare, la stratégie étant d'obtenir une occupation maximum des liens quitte à introduire des délais supplémentaires dans la transmission des données. Le principe du Best Effort, qui est une politique de gestion de la pénurie, se traduit par une simplification à l'extrême des équipements d'interconnexion. Quand la mémoire d'un routeur est saturée, les paquets entrant sont rejetés. Le principe de bout-en-bout de l'Internet est également adopté pour le contrôle de flux grâce aux algorithmes de Slow-Start et de Congestion Avoidance introduits dans TCP par Van Jacobson en 1988 [1][2]. Ils sont essentiels au bon fonctionnement du réseau et l'introduction d'autres types de flux ne peut se faire qu'en en connaissant l'impact sur les flux TCP. Ces algorithmes, en plus de la détermination de la bande passante acceptable, offrent un partage des ressources à peu près équitable entre les connexions TCP. Les principaux inconvénients de cette politique de contrôle de flux sont un trafic en dent de scie composé de phases où le débit augmente puis est réduit brutalement et une absence de garantie à long terme. Si l'on dispose à un instant donné des ressources nécessaires à une application, rien de garantit que celles-ci seront disponibles à l'instant suivant.
Planar Defects in Sn-Doped Single-Crystal ZnO Nanobelts

Sn-doped ZnO nanobelts were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. These single-crystalline nanobelts with a wurtzite structure grow along the direction. Transmission electron microscopy shows the existence of planar defects in the middle of each nanobelt, which contains antiphase and inversion boundaries. The appearance of inversion boundaries parallel to the (0001) plane is attributed to the release of structural strains, which result from the introduction of Sn+4 ions. In photoluminescence measurements, a strong ultraviolet peak and a weak visible band were observed at room temperature.
Fenóis halogenados e/ou sulfatados de macroalgas marinhas

During the biological evolution, marine macroalgae have developed biochemicals tools in order to utilize components of seawater such as sulfates and halogens, to produce a variety of chemicals (secondary metabolites). This review shows and discuss the occurrence of sulfated and/or halogenated phenolic compounds in seaweeds.
One-Step Synthesis of Polycrystalline Carbon Nanofibers with Periodic Dome-Shaped Interiors and Their Reversible Lithium-Ion Storage Properties

Carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes continue to draw unwavering interest from industrial and academic communities because of their fascinating properties and their projected application values. This paper reports a one-step synthesis of high-purity carbon nanofibers with dome-shaped interiors by the noncatalytic thermal decomposition of acetylene over a copper surface at atmospheric pressure. These uniquely shaped carbon nanofibers were impurity free, and their dome-shaped interiors could be repeated with high periodicity throughout the length. In addition, Y-junction and forklike carbon nanofibers with the same internal structure were also formed as byproducts. The growth of these unique carbon nanomaterials could be rationalized by a mechanism based on the autocatalytic chemical vapor deposition of 3D graphene flakes. Preliminary electrochemical measurements indicated that the carbon nanofibers could be used as the active anode material for lithium-ion batteries, delivering good cyclability and a rev.
EFFICIENCY OF PRE-PLANT, TOPDRESS, AND VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN IN WINTER WHEAT

Past research about the efficiency of nitrogen application in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on source and timing has produced inconsistent results. The majority of the literature used data from few locations over short time periods. This study used a unique data set of yields and nitrogen quantities from 2002–2009 at ten different locations in Oklahoma, USA. The objective of this research was to determine wheat yield response for granular pre-plant, uniform foliar topdress, and variable rate foliar topdress. Topdress liquid nitrogen had a 19% higher NUE than pre-plant urea, and was the most profitable source of nitrogen.