Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equality constraint handling for surrogate-assisted constrained optimization

Real-world optimization problems are often subject to many constraints. Often, as the volume of the feasible space gets smaller, the problems become more complex. The zero volume of feasible spaces for optimization problems with equality constraints makes them challenging. In this paper, we present an equality constraint handling approach embedded for the first time in a surrogate-assisted optimizer (SACOBRA). The proposed technique starts with an expanded feasible area which gradually shrinks to a volume close to zero. Several well-studied constrained test problems are used as benchmarks and the promising results in terms of efficiency and accuracy are compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Beyond C4d: Other Complement‐Related Diagnostic Approaches to Antibody‐Mediated Rejection

Complement is a multifunctional system of receptors and regulators as well as effector molecules. Both the pathogenic and diagnostic power of complement is based on the capacity of the complement system to amplify innate and adaptive immunity. This amplification is accomplished through two strategies: ( 1) enzymatic reactions in the complement cascade, and ( 2) stimulation of leukocytes, platelets and parenchymal cells through specific receptors or receptor‐independent pore formation. The mechanisms by which complement mediates and modifies nonspecific inflammation, antibody‐mediated injury and T‐cell responses are of particular significance to the pathogenesis of transplant rejection. Understanding the mechanisms by which complement integrates the interactions of leukocytes, platelets and parenchymal cells offers opportunities to further refine the diagnosis of rejection.
Stability of Relative Equilibria in the Problem of N+1 Vortices

The stability of a regular polygon configuration of N vortices with a central vortex is investigated. When the strength of the central vortex has a value within a certain interval, it is shown that the configuration is locally Liapunov stable. When the stability of the configuration changes, new configurations bifurcate. Although the N+1 body problem of celestial mechanics looks similar, it has been shown there that the change of stability and the bifurcation of new configurations occur for different values of the central mass.Ever since the Adams Prize essay of Thomson, A Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings, it was known that the stability of the heptagon could not be decided by the linear terms. With methods from fluid mechanics G. J. Mertz had shown in 1978 that the heptagon is stable. By normalizing the Hamiltonian function we can show that except for rotational symmetry the heptagon is locally Liapunov stable.
Regional Ion Channel Gene Expression Heterogeneity and Ventricular Fibrillation Dynamics in Human Hearts

Rationale Structural differences between ventricular regions may not be the sole determinant of local ventricular fibrillation (VF) dynamics and molecular remodeling may play a role. Objectives To define regional ion channel expression in myopathic hearts compared to normal hearts, and correlate expression to regional VF dynamics. Methods and Results High throughput real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the expression patterns of 84 ion-channel, calcium cycling, connexin and related gene transcripts from sites in the LV, septum, and RV in 8 patients undergoing transplantation. An additional eight non-diseased donor human hearts served as controls. To relate local ion channel expression change to VF dynamics localized VF mapping was performed on the explanted myopathic hearts right adjacent to sampled regions. Compared to non-diseased ventricles, significant differences (p<0.05) were identified in the expression of 23 genes in the myopathic LV and 32 genes in the myopathic RV. Within the myopathic hearts significant regional (LV vs septum vs RV) expression differences were observed for 13 subunits: Nav1.1, Cx43, Ca3.1, Cavα2δ2, Cavβ2, HCN2, Na/K ATPase-1, CASQ1, CASQ2, RYR2, Kir2.3, Kir3.4, SUR2 (p<0.05). In a subset of genes we demonstrated differences in protein expression between control and myopathic hearts, which were concordant with the mRNA expression profiles for these genes. Variability in the expression of Cx43, hERG, Na+/K+ ATPase ß1 and Kir2.1 correlated to variability in local VF dynamics (p<0.001). To better understand the contribution of multiple ion channel changes on VF frequency, simulations of a human myocyte model were conducted. These simulations demonstrated the complex nature by which VF dynamics are regulated when multi-channel changes are occurring simultaneously, compared to known linear relationships. Conclusions Ion channel expression profile in myopathic human hearts is significantly altered compared to normal hearts. Multi-channel ion changes influence VF dynamic in a complex manner not predicted by known single channel linear relationships.
A Stochastic Metapopulation Model with Variability in Patch Size and Position

Analytically tractable metapopulation models usually assume that every patch is identical, which limits their application to real metapopulations. We describe a new single species model of metapopulation dynamics that allows variation in patch size and position. The state of the metapopulation is defined by the presence or absence of the species in each patch. For a system of n patches, this gives 2^n possible states. We show how to construct and analyse a matrix describing transitions between all possible states by first constructing separate extinction and colonisation matrices. We illustrate the model's application to metapopulations by considering an example of malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata, in southern Australia, and calculate extinction probabilities and quasi-stationary distributions. We investigate the relative importance of modelling the particular arrangement of patches and the variation in patch sizes for this metapopulation and we use the model to examine the effects of further habitat loss on extinction probabilities.
EXPLORING THE VARIABLE SKY WITH LINEAR. III. CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODIC LIGHT CURVES

We describe the construction of a highly reliable sample of ∼7000 optically faint periodic variable stars with light curves obtained by the asteroid survey LINEAR across 10,000 deg2 of the northern sky. The majority of these variables have not been cataloged yet. The sample flux limit is several magnitudes fainter than most other wide-angle surveys; the photometric errors range from ∼0.03 mag at r = 15 to ∼0.20 mag at r = 18. Light curves include on average 250 data points, collected over about a decade. Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) based photometric recalibration of the LINEAR data for about 25 million objects, we selected ∼200,000 most probable candidate variables with r < 17 and visually confirmed and classified ∼7000 periodic variables using phased light curves. The reliability and uniformity of visual classification across eight human classifiers was calibrated and tested using a catalog of variable stars from the SDSS Stripe 82 region and verified using an unsupervised machine learning approach. The resulting sample of periodic LINEAR variables is dominated by 3900 RR Lyrae stars and 2700 eclipsing binary stars of all subtypes and includes small fractions of relatively rare populations such as asymptotic giant branch stars and SX Phoenicis stars. We discuss the distribution of these mostly uncataloged variables in various diagrams constructed with optical-to-infrared SDSS, Two Micron All Sky Survey, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer photometry, and with LINEAR light-curve features. We find that the combination of light-curve features and colors enables classification schemes much more powerful than when colors or light curves are each used separately. An interesting side result is a robust and precise quantitative description of a strong correlation between the light-curve period and color/spectral type for close and contact eclipsing binary stars (β Lyrae and W UMa): as the color-based spectral type varies from K4 to F5, the median period increases from 5.9 hr to 8.8 hr. These large samples of robustly classified variable stars will enable detailed statistical studies of the Galactic structure and physics of binary and other stars and we make these samples publicly available.
Validation of a lateral flow test (MRLAFMQ) for the detection of aflatoxin M1 at 50 ng l−1 in raw commingled milk

Aflatoxin M1 contamination in dairy products is a risk when feedstuff contaminated with aflatoxin B1 produced by moulds is consumed by milk-producing animals. Milk can be screened for aflatoxin M1 at the European Union maximum limit of 50 ng l−1 by a lateral flow test, the MRLAFMQ (Aflatoxin M1) Test. The method takes 15 min with no milk dilution or a sample preparation step. The lateral flow assay was validated at the Technology and Food Science Unit of the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO-T&V) according to European Union guidelines using fortified raw milk samples. A detection capability of 50 ng l−1 was demonstrated with a false negative rate lower than 2% at 50 ng l−1 and a false positive rate of less than 0.3%. Quantitative readings had a mean bias of +2 to 6 ng l−1 at 50 ng l−1 with a standard deviation of 5–8 ng l−1. Based on the validation results, the test could be considered appropriate for milk screening prior to milk unload at dairies.
The Effects of Ownership, Operating Environment, and Strategic Choices on Nursing Home Efficiency

This article reports on a study of the labor efficiency of 461 nursing homes located in Pennsylvania. Data envelopment analysis was used to estimate efficiency scores. Tobit equations were estimated for the entire sample and for subsamples consisting of for-profit (FP) and not-for-profit (NFP) nursing homes. The authors found that the major factors explaining efficiency were managerial and environmental characteristics such as ownership, occupancy rate, size, payment source, wage rate, and per capita income, rather than quality characteristics of nursing homes. Analysis of the FP and NFP subsamples suggests that many NFP homes may respond to environmental pressures by increasing their efficiency, whereas FP homes tend to operate at a high level of efficiency irrespective of environmental and regulatory pressures.
Angio‐oedema induced by dual dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker: a first case report

1 Williams-Herman D, Round E, Swern AS, Musser B, Davies MJ, Stein PP et al. Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2008; 27: 14. 2 Denker PS, Dimarco PE. Exenatide (exendin-4)-induced pancreatitis: a case report. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 471. 3 Napier S, Thomas M. 36-year-old man presenting with pancreatitis and a history of recent commencement of orlistat: case report. Nutr J 2006; 28: 19.
A cd3− subset of cd4−8+ thymocytes: a rapidly cycling intermediate in the generation of cd4+8+ cells

T lymphocytes with the surface phenotype CD4+8− and CD4−8+ are considered to be representative of functionally mature cells. We show here that adult murine thymus contains a subpopulation of CD4‐8+ cells that differ from CD4−8+ cells found d the periphery in that they do not express the T cell receptor‐associated CD3 molecular complex. Such CD3−4−8+ thymocytes are cortisone sensitive and rapidly cycling in situ. Furthermore, in contrast to mature T cells, most CD3−4−8+ thymocytes express low levels of CD5 and high levels of the B2A2 antigen. CD3−4−8+ thymocytes fail to respond to a variety of mitogenic stimuli in vitro but do give rise upon short‐term culture to CD4+8+ cells. It is suggested that CD3−4−8+ thymocytes represent a transitional stage of thymus differentiation between the CD4−8− and CD4+8+ compartments.
Mortality and cellular response in the skin and gills of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L) to parasite and bacteria infection

During the culture of wild-caught plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. gross skin lesions and patches of dark brown pigmentation were observed on the ocular side of the fish. Mortality increased approximately nine months a er capture, and a er 10 months, 21 of the 27 fish had died. The presence of Gyrodactylus unicopula (Glukova 1955) was demonstrated by histology and light microscopy studies of skin samples from affected fish. The parasite, probably assisted by secondary bacterial infection, caused extensive disruption of the skin and underlying tissue. No parasites or bacteria were seen in gill sections. However, epithelial hyperplasia was observed in the gills of affected fish, and suspected to be a result of the parasite infection. Histologically, malpigmentation was confirmed to be caused by melanocytes in the dermis and, to some extent, underlying tissues. These findings of high mortality and extensive ulceration of the skin suggest a direct cause-and-effect link to the specific parasite. However, the possibility of an interaction, or an additive effect of bacteria cannot be ruled out. This is the first report of mortality and skin responses of G. unicopula infection in plaice. Introduction Plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L, is a popular fish among consumers in many countries. However, reduced catches (FAO, 2007) and increased prices could make this a possible candidate for aquaculture. In wild fish stocks, parasites from a wide variety of groups are normally present in low numbers living in balance with their host. However, in aquaculture because of higher density of fish (Barton and Iwama, 1991) stressful conditions may increase susceptibility to diseases (Pickering and Po inger, 1989) and epizootics may occur if conditions are suitable (Johnson et al., 1996). The gills and skin of fish are highly susceptible to environmental influences and disruptions of these organs may have serious consequences for fish viability (Wendelaar Bonga and Lock, 1992; Noga, 2000). Different responses may occur in these organs including the occurrences of melanin-containing cells in inflammatory lesions (Roberts, 1975). The effects of parasites on wild and farmed stocks are receiving increased a ention due to economic losses and the impact on fish welfare (Scholz, 1999). The present histological study was conducted to investigate the aetiology of grossly visible skin hyperpigmentation and lesions in skin and increased mortality in a broodstock of plaice. * Corresponding author’s email: oddvar.o esen@uin.no Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. , 31(1) 2011, 17 Materials and methods
Regulation of immune response to inhaled antigen by alveolar macrophages: differential effects of in vivo alveolar macrophage elimination on the induction of tolerance vs. immunity

A single intratracheal instillation of liposomes containing dichloro methylene diphosphonate into rats eliminated > 80% of the alveolar macrophage (AMϕ) population, and the population was not significantly renewed during the ensuing week. AMϕ depletion markedly increased local antibody production in the lung wall in pre‐primed animals exposed to antigen aerosols. However, AMϕ depletion did not affect the normal development of protective tolerance (particularly in the IgE antibody class) to inhaled antigen in immunologically naive rats. These results are discussed in relation to regional control of immune responses in the upper vs. the lower respiratory tract.
Tiger Mother Anxiety

A child’s hand-drawn birthday card rejected by her mother for its shoddy artistry, hours and hours of piano practice with no bathroom breaks, no grade below “A,” no play dates, and a performance at Carnegie Hall—at this point in time, it may be hard to find a media-savvy American reader who does not get this string of references. And it may be even harder to find an urban middle-class parent in this country who does not have a strong opinion about Amy Chua, the Yale law professor and mother who maintained these rules for her two girls and then wrote about them in a parenting memoir, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, unless that middle-class parent studiously avoids NPR, the Internet, and newspaper editorials. At this point, in fact, Chua’s infamy may be fading, and one hopes no more death threats accompany her high Amazon ratings. As the dust begins to settle on the thousands of blog posts, reviews, and author interviews that Tiger Mother, and its excerpt in the Wall Street Journal (“Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior,” January 8, 2011) provoked, it is worth exploring the firestorm the book generated from an anthropological point of view. Chua’s book is, ostensibly, a memoir, although we might note, as some others have, not one particularly heavy on that key element of the genre: self-transformation (Chua cannot bring herself to modify her “Tiger Mother” attachment to strict, achievementoriented micro-management of her children, even after the infamous denouement in which her younger daughter, forced to play violin against her will and denied choices or free time, shatters glassware in a Moscow restaurant and tells patrons and her family what a horrible mother she has). In chapter after chapter, crafted to demonstrate the cause and effect relationship between single-minded maternal dedication to rigorous practice and children’s competitive triumphs, Chua drives home her view that Chinese parenting, with its emphasis on extremely hard work and dogged determination to be the “best,” is an ideal strategy through which to raise competitive and economically and socially successful children. At the same time, she offers a pointed critique of self-esteem oriented “Western” parenting, which she reads as prone to overpraising, and wedded to ideals of personal freedom—tendencies that Chua thinks pro-
The Safety of Fluoxetine - An Update

Fluoxetine is a new antidepressant agent which is a selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin uptake; it has minimal affinity for muscarinic, dopaminergic, histaminic, serotonergic, or noradrenergic receptors (Stark et al, 1985). This specificity of activity suggests that fluoxetine may have a side-effect profile which is different from previously available antidepressants. The safety of fluoxetine has been extensively studied: several hundred patients have received the drug continuously for more than one year - some have had therapy for 5 years or more. Previous reviews of the safety of fluoxetine (Wernicke, 1985; Zerbe, 1986) have described a smaller population of patients than is now available. This review is drawn from data pooled from comparative clinical trials, which included 4336 patients: fluoxetine - 2938, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - 599, and placebo - 799 patients. The TCAs studied were amitriptyline, imipramine, and doxepin. Most patients were adults with major depressive disorder, and the most common study design was a 6-week comparative double-blind phase, followed by unblinded long-term treatment. While the core of this study is a data base of 2938 fluoxetine-treated patients, all serious adverse events reported in over 7500 fluoxetine-treated patients worldwide, as of mid-1987, have been included.
Devenir du mismatch perfusion/diffusion chez les patients non recanalisés après thrombolyse

Notre objectif etait de determiner le mismatch PWI/DWI sauve et d’identifier les facteurs influencant le devenir du tissu severement hypoperfuse. Methodes : 57 patients avec infarctus de la circulation anterieure sans recanalisation malgre la thrombolyse etaient inclus. En utilisant une analyse voxel a voxel des IRMs initiales et a 24 heures apres recalage, le mismatch sauve etait defini comme le mismatch PWI/DWI qui ne se superposait pas avec l’infarctus final. Les valeurs de Tmax moyennes ont ete comparees entre le mismatch sauve et infarci. Une association entre les facteurs de risques cardiovasculaire, les donnees cliniques initiales et le taux de mismatch sauve a ete recherchee. Resultats : En utilisant un seuil de Tmax>6 secondes, 60,4% [40,0-­-83,8] du mismatch PWI/DWI echappait a l’infarctus. Le mismatch sauve restait important pour Tmax > 8s (50,5% [30,1-­-80]) et pour Tmax > 10s (41,1% [22,2-­-70,3]). Le mismatch sauve etait initialement moins hypoperfuse que le mismatch infarci (Tmax: 8,3sec [7,8-­-9,1] vs 10,2 [8,9-­-11,4], P<0,001). Les diabetiques avaient un pourcentage plus faible de mismatch sauve que les non diabetiques (41,7 vs 62,9%, P=0,046). Conclusion : Une importante part du mismatch PWI/DWI echappait a l’infarctus chez les patients non recanalises meme avec des seuils de Tmax stricts.
Fast Wafer Level Reliability Monitoring: Quantification of Plasma-Induced Damage Detected on Productive Hardware

This paper describes the investigation of a Plasma-Induced Damage (PID) event in the metal stack of an 8-in 130-nm-high volume process line. The relevant PID stress and measurement sequence used during standard productive fast Wafer Level Reliability Monitoring, which had detected this event, is discussed, and it is shown to be very effective. Additionally, hot carrier stress was performed on MOS transistors with antenna structures connected to the gate electrode for the quantification of the effect of PID on MOS device characteristics. It is demonstrated that the complete investigation can be done on production wafers in a very short time and only on scribe line test structures, saving time and hardware cost for extra wafers.
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Protein 1 (TRAP1) in Apoptosis Induced by β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin*

β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (β-HIVS), a compound isolated from the traditional oriental medicinal herb Lithospermum radix, is an ATP non-competitive inhibitor of protein-tyrosine kinases, such as v-Src and EGFR, and it induces apoptosis in various lines of human tumor cells. However, the way in which β-HIVS induces apoptosis remains to be clarified. In this study, we performed cDNA array analysis and found that β-HIVS suppressed the expression of the gene for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), which is a member of the heat-shock family of proteins. When human leukemia HL60 cells and human lung cancer DMS114 cells were treated with β-HIVS, the amount of TRAP1 in mitochondria decreased in a time-dependent manner during apoptosis. A similar reduction in the level of TRAP1 was also observed upon exposure of cells to VP16. Treatment of DMS114 cells with TRAP1-specific siRNA sensitized the cells to β-HIVS-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the reduction in the level of expression of TRAP1 by TRAP1-specific siRNA enhanced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria when DMS114 cells were treated with either β-HIVS or VP16. The suppression of the level of TRAP1 by either β-HIVS or VP16 was blocked by N-acetyl-cysteine, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the expression of TRAP1. These results suggest that suppression of the expression of TRAP1 in mitochondria might play an important role in the induction of apoptosis caused via formation of ROS.