Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is More Reliable than Somatosensory Evoked Potential or Mapping for the Detection of the Primary Motor Cortex in Proximity to a Tumor

The accurate localization of the primary motor cortex (M1) is critical for the preservation of motor function during resection of brain tumors in and around the M1. The goal of the present study was to determine which technique provided the most accurate localization of M1. The accuracy of preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and cortical mapping for the localization of M1 was determined in 17 patients with brain tumors in and around the M1. Because localization of the M1 is typically symmetrical in the cerebral hemispheres, the M1 on the affected side was localized by determination of the M1 location on the unaffected side using fMRI with patient hand clenching. The location of M1 was successfully determined by SEP in 5 of 11 cases. In the remainder of cases, the sulcus at which phase reversal occurred during SEP was shifted 1 or 2 gyri rostral to the central sulcus. The location of M1 was successfully determined by brain mapping in 9 of 15 cases. In the remainder of cases, stimulation failed to elicit a motor response. Finally, the location of M1 was successfully determined by fMRI in 16 of 17 cases. These data indicate that fMRI was more reliable than SEP or brain mapping for the detection of M1 in proximity to a tumor.
CT positive brain injury in mild TBI patients presenting with normal SAC scores.

INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury accounts for over 1 million U.S. emergency department visits annually. A significant percentage of patients undergo CT scans to exclude intracranial bleeds. The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is designed to rapidly determine whether a concussion has occurred, (0-30 scale, where ≥25 is considered normal). Although not intended to be used in isolation, results in the normal range are considered an indication of low suspicion of brain injury. This study evaluated the relationship between CT findings of structural injury (CT+) and performance on the SAC. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study on mild head-injured patients presenting to the emergency department who underwent CT scans and had SAC evaluations. RESULTS We enrolled 368 patients, of which 66 were read by a neuroradiologist as positive (CT+), with an average age of 46.7, and an average Glasgow Coma Scale of 14.85. 38.2% of these CT+ patients had a SAC score ≥25. There were no significant differences between time of injury and CT scan or SAC for those with high or low SAC scores. Both high and low SAC groups contained similar CT+ abnormalities (e.g., hematomas). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a normal SAC score alone does not exclude intracranial injury.
The sequence of rat leukosialin (W3/13 antigen) reveals a molecule with O‐linked glycosylation of one third of its extracellular amino acids.

Leukosialin is one of the major glycoproteins of thymocytes and T lymphocytes and is notable for a very high content of O‐linked carbohydrate structures. The full protein sequence for rat leukosialin as translated from cDNA clones is now reported. The molecule contains 371 amino acids with 224 residues outside the cell, one transmembrane sequence and 124 cytoplasmic residues. Data from the peptide sequence and carbohydrate composition suggest that one in three of the extracellular amino acids may be O‐glycosylated with no N‐linked glycosylation sites. The cDNA sequence contained a CpG rich region in the 3′ coding sequence and a large 3′ non‐coding region which included tandem repeats of the sequence GGAT.
Is primary prevention of asthma possible?

The increased prevalence of asthma over the past quarter century has become a major public health problem for the industrialized world. Asthma is a disease process which has a strong heritable component which is impacted by multiple environmental factors. Given the rapid increase in asthma prevalence, it is difficult to ascribe the change to a genetic alteration. Therefore, the focus for understanding the changing prevalence of asthma must be on environmental factors. This article reviews factors which may contribute, in whole or in part, to the development of the disease process. In questioning whether it is possible to prevent development of a disease (primary prevention), it is critical to understand these factors. The environment may even have an impact on the fetus during intrauterine life. There does appear to be a "window of opportunity" in early life where a variety of factors, including food and inhalant allergen exposure, exposure to pollutants, and infection with both viral and bacterial agents, may be important in initiating the development of asthma and allergy. Potential approaches to primary prevention of asthma and allergy must consider each of these important factors. Given that asthma is a multifactorial disease with both complex genetic and environmental components, it is unlikely that any single intervention will significantly decrease the prevalence of asthma.
Construction of baselines for VoIP traffic management on open MANs

In the last century, owing to the constant evolution of technologies telecommunication networks have become increasingly robust, being able to support multiple services. These services are part of the heterogeneous network traffic that can be carried through the Internet. Many of these services, including VoIP, are latency sensitive. In other words, this means that their quality depends directly on the network quality of service. Since users tend to become more sensitive with the instability and unavailability of the network, it is important to improve traffic management. A particular type of data that could be used to improve VoIP traffic management is the Internet Protocol Detail Record (IPDR). IPDRs are tickets created by all VoIP call attempts which contain a group of information related to the call history. Because of its full range of information, IPDRs can be used to create VoIP traffic baselines. This paper presents the development of baselines based on IPDRs to support VoIP traffic management in open‐access Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Editorial: Epidemiologic Studies, Warts and All, Are Our Best Chance

Despite some bad press, epidemiologists are in high demand these days. Epidemiologic studies play an increasingly important role in health policy decisions, and recent legislative developments in the United States— concerning comparative effectiveness research and the regulation of approved drugs—are accentuating this tendency. This issue of EPIDEMIOLOGY includes a collection of invited commentaries that highlight some areas in which observational research is becoming central, along with some crucial challenges. Hamburg, from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), describes epidemiologic research as an integral part of FDA activities. Her description of the key role assigned to epidemiologists within the agency may come as a surprise to many who view the FDA as centered around randomized clinical trials. However, one of FDA’s goals is to quantify the benefit-risk of approved drugs in real-world settings—a goal often beyond the abilities of randomized clinical trials. As Hamburg explains, epidemiologists need to participate in the development and monitoring of postapproval study requirements and, more generally, in regulatory decision making. Lauer and Hodes, from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), discuss the decades-long support of epidemiologic studies by NIH, the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Veterans Administration, and other agencies. They expect this support to increase, given the renewed focus on comparative effectiveness research in recent legislation. Both commentaries mention some successes of epidemiologic research supported by NIH and the FDA, but some apparent failures also. In particular, Lauer and Hodes offer some cautionary examples about the pitfalls of observational analyses for cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, their examples seem unrelated to residual confounding, the most widely cited weakness of observational studies. Rather, one apparent failure (antiarrhythmic drugs) resulted from equating clinical prediction with etiologic inference and the other (estrogen plus estrogen hormone therapy) was the consequence of using an analytic approach that did not match the goals of the study. Neither example implies a fatal flaw in observational data. The commentary by Madigan and Ryan presents a recent initiative to improve the analysis of observational data for comparative effectiveness research and drug safety: the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP). OMOP is a private-public collaboration chaired by the FDA and managed through the Foundation for the NIH. OMOP’s goal is to compare the performance of various methodologies for drawing inferences from observational databases. Madigan and Ryan describe the ongoing and future research activities of OMOP and invite interested epidemiologists to participate in this initiative. Finally, Reiter and Kinney tackle one of the greatest challenges in epidemiologic research for health policy: data sharing. Their commentary reviews the relative advantages and disadvantages of various methods to share data without breach of confidentiality. A
Dim Light Adaptation Attenuates Acute Melatonin Suppression in Humans

Abstract Studies in rodents with retinal degeneration indicated that neither the rod nor the cone photoreceptors obligatorily participate in circadian responses to light, including melatonin suppression and photoperiodic response. Yet there is a residual phase-shifting response in melanopsin knockout mice, which suggests an alternate or redundant means for light input to the SCN of the hypothalamus. The findings of Aggelopoulos and Meissl suggest a complex, dynamic interrelationship between the classic visual photoreceptors and SCN cell sensitivity to light stimuli, relative to various adaptive lighting conditions. These studies raised the possibility that the phototransductive physiology of the retinohypothalamic tract in humans might be modulated by the visual rod and cone photoreceptors. The aim of the following two-part study was to test the hypothesis that dim light adaptation will dampen the subsequent suppression of melatonin by monochromatic light in healthy human subjects. Each experiment included 5 female and 3 male human subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 years, with normal color vision. Dim white light and darkness adaptation exposures occurred between midnight and 0200 h, and a full-field 460-nm light exposure subsequently occurred between 0200 and 0330-h for each adaptation condition, at 2 different intensities. Plasma samples were drawn following the 2-h adaptation, as well as after the 460-nm monochromatic light exposure, and melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Comparison of melatonin suppression responses to monochromatic light in both studies revealed a loss of significant suppression after dim white light adaptation compared with dark adaptation (p < 0.04 and p < 0.01). These findings indicate that the activity of the novel circadian photoreceptive system in humans is subject to subthreshold modulation of its sensitivity to subsequent monochromatic light exposure, varying with the conditions of light adaptation prior to exposure.
Biological indicators for the assessment of human exposure to organophosphorous compounds.

UNLABELLED The aim of the present study is to review selected biological effects of organophosphorous compounds used as pesticides and to discuss their significance in terms of occupational exposure. The results of a long-term study of the red cells and plasma ChE in group of workers engaged in the production of pesticides are also presented. Cholinesterase activity in plasma and red blood cells was determined spectrophotometrically by the Ellman modified method. Occupational exposure to pesticides was analysed by the Durham and Wolf method. CONCLUSIONS 1. Cholinesterase activity in blood serum of the workers employed at the production of organophosphorous compounds is statistically significantly lower, compared to the control group and the lower accepted standard limit. 2. Cholinesterase activity in plasma seems to be a more sensitive indicator of exposure, compared to the activity of enzyme contained in erythrocytes after a long-lasting exposure to low levels of organophosphorous compounds. 3. Changes in cholinesterase activity according to the level of exposure show a better correlation if the exposure is expressed in % of the toxic dose/day than in mg/day. Toxicological properties of organophosphorous compounds are of the great importance for this correlation.
Variations in the levels of cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors in lungs of various species at different developmental stages.

Cytoplasmic fractions obtained from lungs of several animal species at different stages of development were examined for dexamethasone receptors. Specific dexamethasone binding was measured by a charcoal assay and by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Dexamethasone receptors were demonstrated in the lungs of rabbit fetuses between the 21st day of gestation and birth, rat fetuses during the last 3 days of pregnancy, guinea pig fetuses at 35–45 days of gestation and human fetuses at the 9th to 17th gestational weeks. The dexamethasone receptors present in all the species examined sediment near 7S on linear 10–30% sucrose gradients. In human fetal lung cytosol the concentration of binding sites increased about 3-fold between the 9th and the 17th week of gestation. Lower but significant levels of the dexamethasone binding component were found in lungs of mature rabbits but it could not be detected in lungs of adult rats, mice, hamsters or guinea pigs. More detailed studies in the rat showed that the rec.
La mobilisation ethnique et les minorités d’origine asiatique et caraïbe

L'article examine les processus d'integration en Grande-Bretagne, au cours des trente dernieres annees, des communautes ethniques d'origine caraibe (495 000 habitants) et asiatique (1 500 000 habitants). Ces processus d'integration s'apparentent a la fois a la construction d'une nouvelle identite ethnique et la preservation, dans la mesure du possible, de l'identite d'origine. En depit de leurs differences sur le plan notamment de leur capacite de s'adapter a la societe britannique, les minorites caraibe et asiatique ont du l'une et l'autre se mobiliser pour preserver leurs caracteres ethniques propres. Elles ont eu recours a des strategies de lutte remarquablement similaires pour contrer diverses formes de discrimination et d'exclusion auxquelles elles etaient exposees dans la societe d'accueil.
Does the Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid Have a Complementary Effect on Audiological and Subjective Outcomes in Patients with Unilateral Conductive Hearing Loss?

Objectives: To study the effect of a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) in patients with unilateral conductive hearing loss. Study Design: Prospective evaluation on 18 subjects. Methods:Aided and unaided binaural hearing was assessed in the sound field using a sound localization test and a speech recognition in noise test with spatially separated sound and noise sources. The patients also filled out a disability-specific questionnaire. Patients: 13 out of the 18 subjects had normal hearing on one side and acquired conductive hearing loss in the other ear. The remaining 5 patients had a unilateral air-bone gap and mild symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. Results:Sound localization with the BAHA improved significantly. Speech recognition in noise with spatially separated speech and noise sources also improved with the BAHA. Fitting a BAHA to patients with unilateral conductive hearing loss had a complementary effect on hearing. Questionnaire results showed that the BAHA was of obvious benefit in daily life. Conclusions: The BAHA proved to be a beneficial means to optimize binaural hearing in patients with severe (40–60 dB) unilateral conductive hearing loss according to audiometric data and patient outcome measures.
Chebyshev Parametrization of Identification Algorithms for Linear Systems

1.0 Introduction This paper proposes a reparametization of existing identification algorithms for linear systems to improve their numerical conditioning by using Chebyshev polynomials. The idea of using Chebyshev polynomials as a basis rather than the standard power series basis is well-established. It has been applied in minimax problems, solution of ordinary differential equations, optimal control, and least squares problems [2,3,6,7]. What is new in this paper is a state space relizaion for SISO rnsfer functions in th Chebyshev polynomial basis. Two exanples, a least-squares identification problem and a model reference adaptive control problem, show the application ofthe result. 2.0 State Space Realization Suppose one is given a SISO transfer function represented in a Chebyshev basis:
A millimeter-wave power amplifier with 25dB power gain and +8dBm saturated output power

A millimeter-wave power amplifier in 90-nm bulk CMOS technology is described. Microstrip transmission lines with ground sidewalls are used for signal distribution, matching and load resonators. The 3-stage PA comprises identical cascode stages with inter-stage matching. The measured peak power-gain is 25 dB at 52 GHz and 10 dB at 60 GHz with a -3 dB bandwidth of 46-53 GHz. Saturated output power is +8 dBm with a PAE of 7%. The -1 dB compression point is 5 dBm. Extra process options are not used (e.g. MIM capacitors, trimmed polysilicon resistors, or thick oxide FETs). The 1180times960 mum2 die consumes a total of 73 mA from a 1.5 V (plusmn10%) power supply.
Glycoprotein IIIa PlA 1 / A 2 Polymorphism and Sudden Cardiac Death

OBJECTIVES We studied the association of the Pl polymorphism with coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in autopsied victims of sudden death. BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death is one of the leading symptoms of coronary heart disease in early middle age. Platelet glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa fibrinogen receptors play a key role in coronary thrombosis and MI. Pl polymorphism of the gene for GPIIIa has been previously studied in hospital MI patients. Significance of the Pl polymorphism in victims of SCD is not known. METHODS The Pl polymorphism was studied in the Helsinki Sudden Death Study comprising 700 autopsied middle-aged white Finnish men (33 to 70 years, mean 53 years) who suffered sudden or violent out-of-hospital death. RESULTS Prevalence of the A2 allele decreased with age in the series. This decrease was observed among victims of SCD (n 5 281) but not in men who died violently (n 5 258) or of other diseases (n 5 127). Of SCD victims below 50 years, 39.7% were carriers of the A2 allele compared with 28.3% among men under 50 who died of other causes (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, p 5 0.01). Men with acute fatal coronary thrombosis (n 5 39) were more often (OR 3.4, p , 0.01) carriers of the A2 allele than were men (n 5 242) with SCD in the absence of acute coronary thrombosis (48.7% vs. 24.4%, respectively). In addition, men with MI and recent or old thrombosis (n 5 67) were more often (OR 3.6, p 5 0.005) carriers of the A2 allele than were men (n 5 123) with MI in the absence of thrombosis (44.8% vs. 20.3%, respectively). These associations were especially strong in men under 60. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the A2 allele of the Pl polymorphism of GPIIIa is a major risk factor of coronary thrombosis and may be one important predictor of SCD in early middle age. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1317–23) © 2000 by the American College of Cardiology
High-Frequency Magnetic Properties of Manganites La1−xSrxMnO3

High-frequency (HF) magnetic properties have been studied for manganites La<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> with Sr = 0.2-0.4. The manganites have good HF properties with the real permeability μ<sub>0</sub>' of 50-80, maximum imaginary permeability μ<sub>max</sub>" of 22-32, and resonance frequency of 10-40 MHz. Two types of resonances are found for La<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>: one is from domain wall and the other is from natural resonance. With increasing annealing temperature Ta, μ<sub>0</sub>' significantly increases, which is attributed to an increase of density, based on the magnetic circuit model. The frequency f<sub>R2</sub> of natural resonance is almost unchanged, but f<sub>R1</sub> of wall resonance is shifted to lower frequency that has its origin in the decrease of resistivity.
Penser par cas : la littérature comme laboratoire expérimental de la démarche juridique

Cette etude poursuit deux objectifs : (1) elaborer philosophiquement ce que « penser par cas » veut dire, et (2) montrer que l’approche « droit et litterature », qui pense a partir des cas, constitue une contribution essentielle a l’etude du raisonnement juridique. L’article comprend trois sections. La premiere rapproche le raisonnement juridique (concu comme un raisonnement pratique en situation) du cas, et plus seulement de la regle. Ensuite elle etudie, a l’aide du « jugement reflechissant » de Kant, la maniere dont procede le raisonnement casuistique dans les cas les plus difficiles ou la regle et le principe semblent se derober. La deuxieme section passe en revue quelques applications connues de la methode des cas dans le raisonnement juridique (analogie, abduction, equite). Enfin, la troisieme section evoque quelques experiences pedagogiques de l’approche « droit et litterature » comme autant de propedeutiques du raisonnement par cas.
Open-Disruptive Innovation: An avenue for developing countries' independent innovation

Developing countries focus on radical innovation naturally when they implement the technology innovation to catch up with Developed countries. However, recent studies have indicated a high rate of failures in the radical innovation. This paper illustrates the obstacles for developing countries to implement the radical innovation. Then we introduce a new innovation method - Open-Disruptive Innovation (ODI). With this method, we can obtain the technological resources from outside regularly and improve the core competitiveness effectively. Actually, many companies in China achieve success with this method. It is one of the best methods for Developing Countries to achieve the independent innovation. The paper cites two China's cases to verify ODI effective in enhancing the capability of independent innovation and also summarizes the law of the innovation practice.