Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can You Make Better Decisions If You Are Bilingual?

Studies have shown that “framing bias,” a phenomenon in which two different presentations of the same decision-making problem provoke different answers, is reduced in a foreign language (the Foreign Language effect, FLe). Three explanations have emerged to account for the difference. First, the cognitive enhancement hypothesis states that lower proficiency in the FL leads to more deliberate processing, reducing the framing bias. Second, contradicting the previous, the cognitive overload hypothesis, states that the cognitive load actually induces speakers to make less rational decisions in the FL. Finally, the reduced emotionality hypothesis suggests that speakers have less of an emotional connection to a foreign language (FL), causing an increase in rational language processing. Previous FLe research has involved both FL and non-FL speakers such as highly proficient acculturated bilinguals. Our study extends this research program to a population of heritage speakers of Spanish (HS speakers), whose second language (English) is dominant and who have comparable emotional resonances in both of their languages. We compare emotion-neutral and emotion-laden tasks: if reduced emotionality causes the FLe, it should only be present in emotion-laden tasks, but if it is caused by cognitive load, it should be present across tasks. Ninety-eight HS speakers, with varying degrees of proficiency in Spanish, exhibited cognitive biases across a battery of tasks: framing bias appeared in both cognitive-emotional and purely cognitive tasks, consistent with previous studies. Language of presentation (and proficiency) did not have a significant effect on responses in cognitive-emotional tasks, but did have an effect on the purely-cognitive Disjunction fallacy task: HS speakers did better in their second, more proficient language, a result consistent with neither the reduced emotionality hypothesis nor the cognitive enhancement hypothesis. Moreover, higher proficiency in Spanish significantly improved the rate of correct responses, indicating that our results are more consistent with the cognitive overload hypothesis.
Species, cultivar and seeding rate effects on non-irrigated, pesticide-free athletic fields playing surface quality

Maintaining high-quality athletic field playing surfaces without the use of synthetic pesticides is challenging. Little research is available regarding the best overseeding strategies for non-irrigated, pesticide-free, cool-season athletic fields. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of turfgrass species, cultivar, seeding rate, and seasons on turfgrass color, dark green color index (DGCI), cover, weeds, overall quality, surface hardness and volumetric water content when overseeded under trafficked conditions. Experiments were set out as randomized complete block designs arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial with three replications. Treatments consisted of three turfgrass species, perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (PRG), tall fescue [ Schedo-norus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumont] (TF), and Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (KBG), two overseeding rates, low and high, and two cultivar types, inclusion or exclusion of cultivars on the Turfgrass Water Conservation Alliance (TWCA) list. Mean responses across three locations and three years indicated that species selection has the most influence on successful overseeding with little differences detected between rate of overseeding or cultivar selection. Perennial ryegrass, regardless of seeding rate, had significantly higher color, quality, percent turfgrass cover, desirable species index, and least percent weed cover compared with TF or KBG. Based on the results of this study, the most effective overseeding strategy for improving playing surface conditions on heavily trafficked, non-irrigated, pesticide-free, cool-season athletic fields is overseeding with PRG.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Gesundheitswesen

Künstliche Intelligenz als Überbegriff steht schon länger im Fokus von Klinikern, Gesundheitsökonomen und medizinischen Wissenschaftlern. Entdeckungen in diesem weiten Feld sind aber nur vereinzelt im klinischen Alltag sichtbar, da insbesondere die diagnostische Entscheidungshoheit dem Menschen zugestanden wird. Doch steht schon heute fest: Der Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz wird nach und nach zu einem Wandel in der Medizin führen.
Evaluation of Novel Compound Benzoylphenyl-Indole-Carboxamide Effect on Hyperlipidemic and Hyperglycemic Rat

Hyperlipidemia is one of the many risk factors involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. As a consequence of hyperlipidemia treatment, a high demand for new oral antihyperlipidemic drugs is required. The present study was designed to investigate the potential effect of a novel compound N-[4benzoylphenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide on diet-induced hyperlipidemic (prepared by mixing cholesterol 0.5%, 0.25 % cholic acid, 20% fat and 2% corn oil with standard powdered animal food for two months) , triton-induced hyperlipidemic (by intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 250 mg/kg body weight) and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats (150 mg/kg body weight injected intraperitoneally). Lipid profiles [Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)] in all groups showed significant (p < 0.05) changes (±) before treatment. After 24 hrs of treatment with N-[4-benzoylphenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (15 mg/kg body weight), there was a significant decrease (p <0.05) in serum cholesterol level 60%, triglyceride 33-45%, LDL 32% and an increase in HDL 58% levels. Nevertheless, antihyperlipidemic fenofibrate used as standard reference showed parallel results to the novel compound. In addition, body weight of diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats decreased about 20%. On the other hand, the novel compound showed no significant effect on the glucose levels of hyperglycemic rats. In conclusion, the results indicate that N-[4-benzoylphenyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide possesses significant antihyperlipidemic activity and may conserve a promising potential effect in the treatment of hyperlipidemia correlated to heart diseases.
A life dedicated to the theory of simple fluids − in memory of Yiping Tang

Yiping Tang was born on 28 October 1966, into a peasant family in Hexian, China, not far from the west bank of the Yangtze River near its estuary. He grew up in the countryside and went to local elementary and middle schools until 1983 when he was admitted by Tsinghua University, one of themost competitive colleges in China. He graduated in July 1988 as a top-ranked student in his class with two bachelor’s degrees, one in Chemical Engineering and the other in Applied Mathematics. That autumn he entered the graduate school in Tsinghua University without the National Graduate Entrance Examination. The exemption was a privilege reserved only for the best graduates at that time. While his thesis for the master’s degree was mainly concerned with experimental studies of salting effects on partially miscible liquid mixtures, it was clear that his passion as a researcher lied in liquid-state theories, in particular in analytical solutions to the Ornstein–Zernike (OZ) equation. Some original ideas for his later publications were probably conceived during a period of unemployment after he finishedmaster’s degree in July 1991 and before immigration to Canada in September 1992 for his PhD studies with Professor Benjamin C. Y. Lu at the University of Ottawa. After he obtained his PhD in 1997, he had been working as a senior research scientist first at Simulation Sciences Inc., Brea, CA, and then at Honeywell Process Solutions, London, Canada, until he died due to a brain tumour in 20 December 2014. Tang made important contributions to liquid-state theories, in particular on the analytical solutions to the OZ equation for simple fluids and on the equations of state for simple as well as polymeric systems. Regrettably, the broader impact of his work was not widely recognised due to the perceived ending of liquid-state theories and the fading of analytical research in statistical mechanics after the advent of molecular simulation. For
Student perceptions of a mobile learning application for English Oral Presentations: the case of EOPA

Abstract This study investigated student perceptions and opinions on an English Oral Presentation Application (EOPA), a mobile learning application designed to assist English learners develop oral presentations and online collaboration skills. This study was part of a Design Based Research (DBR) project which incorporated an adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire to gain insights on students’ perceptions towards EOPA. In addition, focus-group interviews were used to discover the external and internal factors involved in this type of mobile learning. Participants were 30 Taiwanese undergraduate students who took part in a six-week training course. The questionnaire results indicated that 37% of students found EOPA to be useful for learning, but 33% also found it inconvenient to use. Furthermore, attitudes towards learning suggested they had some difficulties using the app. To gain a deeper understanding of why students use EOPA and to discover other app-related learning problems, the interviews were explored using a Complex Dynamic Systems approach to find the attractor and repeller dynamic states in the learning system. These included the language and presentation skills, the multimedia learning material, app design, online collaboration, anxiety, and limited self-regulation skills. The findings will be used to refine EOPA and the oral presentation learning framework. The study demonstrates how the discovery of different dynamic states can be used to improve mobile learning design.
Changes in Soil Features and Phytomass during Vegetation Succession in Sandy Areas

This research was conducted on an area of inland sands characterised by various degrees of overgrowth by vegetation and soil stabilisation. This landscape’s origin is not natural but is connected to human industrial activities dating from early medieval times, which created a powerful centre for mining and metallurgy. This study aims to identify the changes in the above- and belowground phytomass in the initial stages of succession and their influence on the chemical properties and morphology of the soil. It was found that Salix arenaria dominated in primary phytomass production in all plots tested. The amounts of this species found in each community were as follows: 8.55 kg/400 m2 (algae–mosses), 188.97 kg/400 m2 (sand grassland–willow), 123.44 kg/400 m2 (pine–willow–mosses), 14.63 kg/400 m2 (sand grassland–mosses–willow), and 196.55 kg/400 m2 (willow–pine–sand grassland). A notable share of Koeleria glauca was found in the phytomass production of Plots IV (45.73 kg) and V (86.16 kg). Basic soil properties (pH, Corg, Nt), available plant elements (P), and plant nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, P, Fe) beneath the dominant plant species were examined. Soil acidity (pH) varied greatly, ranging from acidic (pH = 3.2) to weakly acidic (pH = 6.3). The content of organic carbon (Corg) in individual plots beneath the dominant species in the humus horizon ranged from 0.28% to 1.42%. The maximum contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in organic (O) and organic-humus (OA) horizons. The highest Pavail content was found in organic and organic-humus horizons, ranging from 10.41 to 65.23 mg/kg, and in mineral horizons under K. glauca (24.10 mg/kg) and Salix acutifola (25.11 mg/kg). The soil features and phytomass were varied differently across individual sites, representing different stages of succession.
Design and Investigation of Gate Stacked Vertical TFET with N+ SiGe Pocket Doped Heterojunction for Performance Enhancement

In this paper, a novel delta-doped N + Silicon-Germanium Gate Stacked Triple Metal Gate Vertical TFET (Delta doped N + GS TMG VTFET) is proposed and investigated using the Silvaco TCAD simulation tool. Four different combinations were presented and compared with and without the gate stacking method and Si0.2Ge0. 8 N + pocket delta-doped layer to render the optimized results. Among all, Delta doped N + GS TMG VTFET structure comes out with a very steep sub-threshold slope (9.75 mV/dec), 40 % lower than the first configuration of TMG VTFET. The inclusion of the N + delta-doped layer between the source and channel and gate will enhance the ON-state drive current performance by reducing the OFF-state leakage current. This happens due to the lower bandgap of the N + delta-doped layer cause narrow BTBT, which results in a high drive current. The Triple metal gate is designed to mitigate the ambipolar conduction by modulating the optimized wok function at 4.15, 4.3, and 4.15 eV. The distribution of the source channel in the vertical structure will enhance the device's scalability due to the electron tunneling moves in the vertical electric field direction. The optimally constructed structure demonstrates improved performance, such as a high ION/IOFF current ratio (~ 1013) and sub-threshold voltage (0.33 V). The results obtained from the proposed device make it suitable for the ultra-low-power device application.
The water use efficiency by plants in different breeding periods buckwheat varieties

In the increasing climate aridization context, water effective use by plants is important, which is strongly influenced by photosynthesis and plant transpiration. In these processes’ study, buckwheat plants have pronounced variances, manifested in ontogenesis and during the day at the leaves different tiers level, which accordingly affects the water use effectiveness by plants. The water effective use greatest’ values by plants are observed in the pre-dinner hours (from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.) during active vegetative growth and mass seed pouring (20 days flowering phase), when photosynthesis processes are active and transpiration is at an average level. As a breeding result, this buckwheat plants property is enhanced, which has a positive effect on seed productivity growth. Modern crop varieties outperform local populations by an average of 19.5% in water use terms during the flowering + 20 days phase, 19.8% in photosynthesis intensity terms, 3.4% in transpiration intensity terms, and 37% in seed productivity terms. At the same time, their resistance to air and soil drought tends to decrease, which negatively affects the stability and photosynthesis, and transpiration, and yield. On this basis, it is not considered appropriate to use the water effective use indicator by plants to assess the breeding material for drought resistance but to recommend it for the only highly productive genotypes’ identification. The promising forms’ selection can be carried out in the field already in the selection’ early stages - the 1st and 2nd years nurseries selection.
Friction response of bioinspired AISI 52100 steel surfaces texturized by photochemical machining

This work shows the friction response of textured steel surfaces whose deterministic design is inspired in the characteristics of the Vipera Ammodytes snake skin. The skin was studied to identify morphological, chemical, mechanical and tribological attributes that served as inspiration for the design of the deterministic patterns, which were reproduced in AISI 52100 steel samples by Photochemical Machining (PCM). The textured samples were tested in a pin-on-disc tribometer using AISI H13 steel as counter body. The results showed an effective reduction of up to 38% in the friction coefficient of the texturized samples when compared to the conventional ones, as well as an anisotropic friction behavior as a function of the sliding direction. In addition, it was observed that the percentage of texturized area of the samples strongly affected the friction response, especially for values higher than 20%.
Salmonid bioenergetic drift-foraging: swimming costs and capture success

Abstract Software is now available to apply a salmonid bioenergetic drift-foraging model to generate values of net energy intake (NEI) over a range of water depths and velocities. The predictions can be used to build univariate “habitat” suitability curves or multivariate “habitat” selection models for use in instream habitat modelling programs. Capture success and swimming cost sub-models are basic components of the bioenergetic model and there is a need to understand their influence of NEI predictions. Examination of the swimming cost sub-models showed a surprising amount of variation between species and models and this was attributed to the amount and range of data used for their derivation and the different methods of formulating the swimming cost equations. Predictions of optimal velocity for large fish (>96 g) was influenced by the choice of swimming cost sub-model but optimal velocities for smaller fish were dependent on the capture success sub-model. More research is needed to validate the capture success sub-model, especially for larger fish sizes. Swimming costs while intercepting prey, and the cost of swimming in natural streams with turbulence, are other factors that remain uncertain.
Physicochemical Properties of Peking Duck Skin Gelatin Extracted Using Acid Pretreatment (ADS) or Mixed Alkaline-Acid Pretreatment (ALDS)

Duck skin is the by-product of duck meat production, and it is a readily available source of gelatin that may serve as an alternative to gelatin made from pigs and cows. In this study, the physicochemical properties of Peking duck skin gelatin were assessed. Duck skin gelatin was extracted using acid pretreatment (ADS) or mixed alkaline-acid pretreatment (ALDS). The extraction yield of ALDS (1.95%) was significantly higher than that of ADS (1.33%), and the recovery of protein of ALDS was 46.47% compared to 43.77% for ADS. The bloom value of ADS (364.10 g) was significantly higher than that of ALDS (205.13 g) and commercial type B bovine gelatin (BG, 224.20 g). The high bloom value of ADS and medium bloom value of ALDS mean that they can be used in many food applications. The hydroxyproline content of ADS (13.84 g/100 g) also was significantly higher than that of ALDS (10.25 g/100 g) and BG (12.87 g/100 g). The pH of ADS and BG (5.31 and 4.90, respectively) did not differ significantly, whereas the pH of ALDS was 8.34. Viscosity values of ADS and ADLS were 13.51 and 12.35 mPas, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of BG (3.62 mPas). Overall, these results show that duck skin is a potential raw material for gelatin production, as it has a high bloom value and is readily available in Malaysia.
Diagnostic significance of a color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum CXCL16 and E-cad in cervical cancer

Background The use of effective non-invasive diagnostic markers in the early stage of cervical cancer is lacking currently. This study sought to investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum CXC chemokine ligand-16 (CXCL16) and epithelial cadherin (E-cad) levels in diagnosing cervical cancer. Methods Two hundreds cervical cancer patients admitted in our hospital between May 2018 and April 2020 were selected as the observation group. The control group included 100 healthy participants. The ultrasound parameters, and the serum CXCL16 and E-cad levels between the two groups and patients at different pathological stages were compared. The correlations between disease progress and ultrasound and serological indexes were analyzed. The diagnostic efficiency of an ultrasound and measures of serum CXCL16 and E-cad levels were compared as well. Results The peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In case of the resistance index (RI), the results were the opposite to the PSV (P<0.05). The PSV (P<0.05) and RI (P<0.05) were significantly different among different pathological stages. The serum CXCL16 (P<0.05) and E-cad (P<0.05) levels of participants in the observation group were significantly higher than those of patients in the control group. A pairwise comparison showed that the serum CXCL16 and E-cad levels increased significantly as the pathological stages of the cancer progressed. The diagnosis and disease progression of cervical cancer were positively correlated with PSV, CXCL16, and E-cad levels, and negatively correlated with the RI. Combining an ultrasound diagnosis with serum CXCL16 and E-cad levels had significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than that of any individual indicator in patients with cervical cancer. The curve analysis showed that the cut-off values of PSV, the RI, CXCL16 and E-cad were 14.25, 0.50, 40.15 ng/mL and 85.36 pmmol/L, respectively. Conclusions The sensitivity of color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum CXCL16 and E-cad levels in the diagnosis of cervical cancer is high. Thus, it is recommended that it be used in clinics.
Qualitative Properties of Randomized Maximum Entropy Estimates of Probability Density Functions

The problem of randomized maximum entropy estimation for the probability density function of random model parameters with real data and measurement noises was formulated. This estimation procedure maximizes an information entropy functional on a set of integral equalities depending on the real data set. The technique of the Gâteaux derivatives is developed to solve this problem in analytical form. The probability density function estimates depend on Lagrange multipliers, which are obtained by balancing the model’s output with real data. A global theorem for the implicit dependence of these Lagrange multipliers on the data sample’s length is established using the rotation of homotopic vector fields. A theorem for the asymptotic efficiency of randomized maximum entropy estimate in terms of stationary Lagrange multipliers is formulated and proved. The proposed method is illustrated on the problem of forecasting of the evolution of the thermokarst lake area in Western Siberia.
Analysis of physics questions based on HOTS criteria: the result of physics teacher training

In the 21st century, higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) is a must-have for everyone. Teachers should train HOTS in learning physics. In the assessment of physics learning, every teacher must make a measuring instrument to measure the student’s ability in the form of physics questions. HOTS-based physics questions are needed to measure the student’s HOTS ability. Therefore, training was conducted for physics teachers in Mojokerto in August 2019 to make HOTS-based physics questions. This study aimed to analyze physics questions produced by the training participants based on HOTS-based question criteria. The method of this study used qualitative descriptive analysis. Physics questions from the results of physics teacher training analyzed one by one based on the HOTS criteria. The results show that most of the items produced had not presented contextual stimulation so that students had started to think at a higher level when reading the question stem given. Most of the problems are numerical solutions. It does not rule out that HOTS questions do not require numerical calculation but rather reasoning based on the physics concept that has been studied by students.