Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alterations of the INK4a‐ARF gene locus in pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

Pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland are benign tumours composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The INK4a‐ARF (CDKN2A) locus on chromosome 9p21 encodes two tumour suppressor proteins, p16INK4a and p14ARF, which act as upstream regulators of the Rb‐CDK4 and p53 pathways. To study the contribution of each pathway in pleomorphic adenomas, this study analysed alterations of p14ARF, p16INK4a, p53, and pRb in these tumours. After microdissecting the different histological components, 42 pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland were analysed for INK4a‐ARF inactivation by DNA sequence analysis, methylation‐specific PCR (MSP), restriction enzyme‐related polymerase chain reaction (RE‐PCR), mRNA expression, microsatellite analysis, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, microdeletion of p14ARF and p16INK4a were assessed by differential PCR. The status of p53 and Rb was examined by direct sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Using microdissection, it was possible to examine the tumour components, i.e. epithelial, mesenchymal, and transitional, separately after immunohistochemical identification. Methylation of p14ARF was found in 1/42 cases and alterations of p16INK4a occurred in 12/42 of pleomorphic adenomas, which correlated with loss of mRNA transcription. Microdeletions or specific mutations of either exon were not detected. Methylation was detected exclusively in the epithelial and transitional components and not within the mesenchymal part of the tumour. p53 mutations were detected in 4/42 adenomas, also occurring solely in the epithelial components of the tumours. pRb was detected immunohistochemically in 40/42 adenomas. In normal, corresponding parotid tissue, p14ARF, p16INK4a, p53, and pRb alterations were not observed. The observation that alterations of p14ARF and p16INK4a, and also p53 mutations, occurred exclusively in the epithelial and transitional components of pleomorphic adenoma supports the theory that these areas are prone to malignant transformation to carcinoma in adenoma. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved gastric tonometry for monitoring tissue perfusion: the canary sings louder.

he report in this issue of Anesthesia t? Analgesia by Knichwitz et al. (1) of a technique for contin- uous monitoring of gastrointestinal intramucosal pH may provide a means of continuously assessing the adequacy of tissue perfusion in anesthetized or critically ill patients. They describe use of a fiberoptic Pco, sensor for continuous measurement of Pco, val- ues in the gut lumen. This report represents a major technological advance over the standard tonometric technique. This new technique may advance our un- derstanding of changes in tissue perfusion in the splanchnic bed during shock and will be valuable as a measure of the adequacy of resuscitation. An approach that measures adequacy of tissue per- fusion has been the Holy Grail of anesthesia and crit- ical care medicine. Traditional measures of tissue per- fusion have included urine output, arterial pH, blood lactate, and, more recently, mixed venous oxygen sat- uration. These measures have major limitations, and changes in these measures may significantly lag be- hind clinical interventions. Urine output and blood pH are altered by multiple factors, and lactate levels reflect tissue hypoperfusion only when a patient is grossly underresuscitated. Mixed venous oxygen sat- uration is more sensitive than the “traditional” meas- ures but reflects global rather than regional perfusion so that critical hypoperfusion of important organs may occur despite a normal venous oxygen saturation. After trauma and major surgery, patients who appear to have been adequately resuscitated by these tradi- tional measures may subsequently develop and die of multiorgan failure. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is the existence of hypoperfusion of im- portant organs despite seemingly adequate resuscita- tion. This hypothesis has led to the concept of “su- pranormal” hemodynamic therapy, whereby cardiac outputs above the normal critical values are required to maintain adequate tissue perfusion to all vascular beds (2). This approach uses aggressive intravascular
Nonlinear evolutions and non-Gaussianity in generalized gravity

We use the Hamilton-Jacobi theory to study the nonlinear evolutions of inhomogeneous spacetimes during inflation in generalized gravity. We find the exact solutions to the lowest order Hamilton-Jacobi equation for special scalar potentials and introduce an approximation method for general potentials. The conserved quantity invariant under a change of timelike hypersurfaces proves useful in dealing with gravitational perturbations. In the long-wavelength approximation, we find a conserved quantity related to the new canonical variable that makes the Hamiltonian density vanish, and calculate the non-Gaussianity in generalized gravity. The slow-roll inflation models with a single scalar field in generalized gravity predict too small non-Gaussianity to be detected by future CMB experiments.
A combined iterative interference alignment scheme for K-user MIMO interference channel

In this paper, utilizing the high performance of MAX-SINR and the low complexity of MIN-Leakage, a new combined iterative interference alignment scheme for K-user MIMO system is proposed to achieve a high channel capacity with low complexity. Moreover, because the iteration of MIN-Leakage and MAX-SINR can be decided independently, this proposed iterative scheme has a high flexibility to satisfy the requirements in different cases. The method of how to decide the iteration of these two processes is introduced in this paper and we show that our proposed scheme has a competitive performance based on the results of the simulation.
The comparison of postoperative pain: total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus vaginal hysterectomy

목적 복강경하 자궁절제술과 질식 자궁절제술의 수술법에 따른 수술 후 통증의 정도를 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 진행하였다 연구방법 2010년 6월부터 2010년 8월까지 한림대학교 강남성심병원에서 양성질환에 한해 복강경하 자궁절제술을 받은 환자 56명과 질식 자궁절 제술을 받은 환자 66명을 포함한 122명을 대상으로 분석을 시행하였다. 수술후 통증의 정도는 비무작위적으로 비교되었고, 또한 수술 전, 수술 중, 수술 후 특징을 함께 전향적으로 분석하였다. 수술 후 1시간, 1일, 3일째 visual analog scale (VAS; 통증의 강도를 가시화한 점수 로 10점이 최고 통증) 지표를 측정하고 또한 입원기간 동안 통증완화를 위한 추가적인 진통제의 요구량이 통증의 척도로 사용되었다. 결과 수술 후 3일동안 진통제 사용량은 복강경하 자궁절제술을 한 환자군이 질식 자궁절제술을 한 환자군 보다 더 낮았다(pethidine, P ＜0.05; NSAIDs, P ＜0.05). VAS 지표 또한 질식 자궁절제술을 한 환자군이 복강경하 자궁절제술을 한 환자군 보다 더 높았다(VAS-수술 후 1시간 째, P ＜0.05; VAS-1일째, P ＜0.05; VAS-3일째, P ＜0.05). 수술 시간, 이전 복식을 통한 수술 과거력 및 복강내 유착을 제외한 수술 전, 수술 중, 수술 후 특징은 두 환자군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 이 연구를 통해 복강경하 자궁절제술이 질식 자궁절제술에 비해 통증이 적은 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 경험이 많은 수술자에 의해 시행될 경우, 양성 부인과질환에 있어 질식 자궁절제술의 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Standards for XML and Web Services Security

XML schemas convey the data syntax and semantics for various application domains, such as business-to-business transactions, medical records, and production status reports. However, these schemas seldom address security issues, which can lead to a worst-case scenario of systems and protocols with no security at all. At best, they confine security to transport level mechanisms such as secure sockets layer (SSL). On the other hand, the omission of security provisions from domain schemas opens the way for generic security specifications based on XML document and grammar extensions. These specifications are orthogonal to domain schemas but integrate with them to support a variety of security objectives, such as confidentiality, integrity, and access control. In 2002, several specifications progressed toward providing a comprehensive standards framework for secure XML-based applications. The paper shows some of the most important specifications, the issues they address, and their dependencies.
Prevalence of Incidental Findings in Computed Tomographic Screening of the Chest: A Systematic Review

Objective: To perform a systematic review on the prevalence of incidental findings in computed tomographic (CT) screening studies of the chest. Methods: We selected CT screening studies of the chest (screening for coronary artery disease [CAD] [coronary calcium and CT coronary angiography] and lung cancer screening). Screening protocols, descriptions of baseline characteristics, range of incidental findings, and recommendations for follow-up were abstracted. Results: Eleven chest CT screening studies were identified. The proportion of people with at least 1 imaging abnormality requiring follow-up varied widely between studies (3%-41.5%). This was largely due to considerable variation in follow-up recommendations for incidental findings across studies. Analyzed by subgroup, 7.7% (confidence interval, 7.0%-8.3%) of 6421 participants in CAD screening had further investigations compared with 14.2% (confidence interval, 13.2%-15.2%) of 4531 participants in lung cancer screening. Conclusions: In this review, 7.7% and 14.2% of patients undergoing either CAD or lung cancer screening with CT were found to have clinically significant incidental findings requiring additional investigations.
Quality evaluation today: the Dynamic Quality Framework

Translation quality is one of the key topics in the translation industry today. In 2011, TAUS developed the Dynamic Quality Framework (DQF) in an attempt to standardize translation quality evaluation. In this paper, we will describe common approaches to translation quality and introduce the TAUS framework for QE. We will show that the development of this framework, initiated by the industry, was necessary to fill the gap between theory and practice. In We will give a short summary of the survey on quality evaluation and DQF that was conducted in the summer of 2014 among users of the DQF tools. Finally, we will suggest some ways academia and industry could and should collaborate with each other in the field of quality evaluation in the future.
Prevalence of Serum IgE Antibodies to the Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins (SAE, SEB, SEC, SED, TSST-1) in Patients with Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

Background: Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and their specific IgE antibodies were thought to be important in worsening atopic dermatitis. However, few studies have documented an association between S. aureus or its exotoxins and exacerbations of upper airway/nasal disease. In the current study, we determined the prevalence of serum-specific IgE towards staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, C, D (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) in patients suffering from rhinitis and/or asthma due to allergy. Therefore, we examined whether SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1 were important in worsening the clinical status of patients allergic to house dust mites by means of assessing serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), which is thought to be a reliable marker of asthma and rhinitis severity. Methods: 198 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis and/or asthma due to house dust mites were evaluated. Specific IgE towards SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, TSST-1, timothy grass and birch pollen recombinant allergens, and other aeroallergen extracts from common allergen sources were evaluated by the Pharmacia CAP System. Serum ECP was assessed, too. Results: The percentages of sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxins of 198 house dust mite-allergic patients were as follows: TSST-1-specific IgE 24.7% (n = 49), SEC-specific IgE 22.2% (n = 44), SEB-specific IgE 15.1% (n = 30), SEA-specific IgE 9.1% (n = 18), and SED-specific IgE 5.5% (n = 11). Out of 198 individuals allergic to house dust mites 136 patients suffering from persistent rhinitis were subdivided into two subgroups: 53 patients with serum-specific IgE to at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin and 83 patients without specific IgE towards staphylococcal enterotoxins. Patients sensitive to staphylococcal enterotoxins had higher serum ECP levels than patients lacking specific IgE to SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1(geometric mean 24.3 vs. 16.6 µg/100 ml; p = 0.029), as well as total IgE levels (geometric mean 564 vs. 161 kU/l, p = 0.00063) and specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (geometric mean 16.7 vs. 6.6 kU/l; p = 0.0235) and Dermatophagoides farinae (geometric mean 18.6 vs. 7.8 kU/l; p = 0.0246). Conclusion: A status of sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxins seems to be a factor increasing serum ECP, which is thought to be a reliable marker of clinical severity of allergic disease. Therefore, the evaluation of SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1-specific IgE antibodies may have additional significance for the prognosis of persistent allergic diseases of the upper airway.
Photic Entrainment of Circannual Rhythms in Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels: Role of the Pineal Gland

Entrainment of circannual rhythms of body mass and reproduction was monitored for 3 years in female golden-mantled ground squirrels maintained in a simulated natural photoperiod. Both pinealectomized and pinealintact squirrels generated circannual rhythms of body mass and estrus, but only the intact animals entrained these rhythms to a period of 365 days. In the second and third years after treatment, the period of the body mass rhythm was significantly shorter than 365 days for pinealectomized squirrels, and variance in tau among these animals was significantly greater than for intact squirrels. Asimilar pattern was evident in the rhythm of reproduction, which was phase-disrupted in pinealectomized squirrels but entrained in intacts. Seasonal changes in duration of nocturnal melatonin secretion by the pineal appear to be necessary to produce phase-delays required to entrain the circannual clock to a period of 12 months.
Training and Detraining Effects on Functional Fitness after a Multicomponent Training in Older Women

Background: Several studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the potential influence of increased physical activity on the health, biological ageing and functional ability of the elderly. However, only limited information is available on the effects of multicomponent training and detraining on functional performance. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8-month multicomponent training and 3-month detraining on the functional fitness of older women. Methods: Fifty-seven women were randomly assigned to an exercise (n = 32; 68.4 ± 2.93 years) or a control group (n = 25; 69.6 ± 4.20 years). The training program consisted of 2 sessions per week of aerobic, strength, balance and flexibility exercises. The functional fitness test battery was performed to assess the physical parameters associated with independent functioning in older adults. Results: No significant changes were observed in body mass index and cardiovascular endurance as a result of the exercise training. Training induced significant (p < 0.05) improvements in chair stand (27.3%), arm curl (17.4%), chair sit-and-reach (17.4%), up-and-go (11%) and back scratch (14.5%) tests. However, both upper and lower body strength and upper and lower flexibility declined significantly after detraining in the exercise group. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the negative effects of interrupting exercise on several physical parameters of functional fitness.
N-3 fatty acids: priority for post-myocardial infarction clinical trials.

Alarge body of data points to potential benefits of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). 1 Available data suggest that higher intakes of N-3 fatty acids will reduce various forms of CVD, especially sudden cardiovascular death. These data derive from laboratory animal studies, epidemiological data, metabolic studies, and smaller clinical trials. The literature also contains other evidence that N-3 fatty acids may help to prevent or treat several non-cardiovascular diseases. This editorial nonetheless will limit itself to the cardiovascular system. See p 1852 N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are principally of 2 types: (1) a long-chain, 18-carbon atom fatty acid with 3 double bonds (α-linolenic acid), and (2) very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of 20 carbon atoms and 5 double bonds (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) and of 22 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]). α-linolenic acid comes largely from plant oils; the primary sources of EPA and DHA are fish oils. The human body can convert a portion of dietary α-linolenic acid into EPA and DHA. The latter are labeled “essential” fatty acids because they are required for normal development and function of the retina and brain. Most putative health benefits of N-3 fatty are thought to derive from EPA and DHA. Nonetheless, adequate intakes of α-linolenic acid allow for formation of enough EPA and DHA to meet normal requirements. N-3 fatty acids undoubtedly modify biochemical function in many systems.1–7 They enter membrane phospholipids and may alter membrane function there. They decrease the arachidonic acid content of cell membranes, which reduces eicosanoid production. Consequently, N-3 fatty acids can inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, eg, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-2; these in turn may destabilize atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, N-3 fatty acids reduce aggregational properties of blood platelets, thereby …
C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors of incident coronary and cardiovascular events and total mortality

Summary Previous studies have shown an association between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The roles of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are less well established. The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations of CRP, IL-6 and TNFα with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) events, CVD events, and total mortality. A random population sample, including men and women aged 25–64 years was examined in Finland in 1992.The sample size was 7,927 and 6,051 (76%) participated. The cohort was followed up until the end of 2001. During the follow-up, 151 incident CHD events, 205 CVD events and 183 deaths from any cause were observed. A stratified random subsample (n=313) was used as the comparison group. After adjustment for conventional CVD risk factors, CRP showeda significant association with CHD risk in men (HR=2.39, 1.08–5.28, comparing fourth quartile to the first quartile). This association remained significant after further adjustment for TNFα. TNFα also was a significant predictor of CHD among men, but the association was nonlinear (HR=2.21, 1.18–4.14 comparing the three upper quartiles to the first quartile). Further adjustment for CRP did not change this association substantially. Both CRP and TNFα predicted also all CVD events and total mortality among men. Among women the findings were nonsignificant. In conclusion, CRP andTNFα were significant, independent predictors of CHD and CVD events and total mortality among men. These findings provide further support to the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CVD.
Being “On Stage”: Improving Platform Presentation Skills with Microteaching Exercises and Feedback

ABSTRACT In just over 20 years, all 78 million baby boomers will have reached their “coming of age. ” When this demographic milestone occurs, one in every five Americans will be at least 65 years old; millions will have comorbid and chronic conditions requiring better prepared health care providers and markedly improved services than are presently available. Thus, geroeducators must teach current and future practitioners what they need to know to help their patients have the best possible old age. To ensure that this outcome occurs, teachers must observe students and practitioners demonstrating their ability to perform taught skills competently. Using microteaching and feedback can help clinical educators be those better teachers of the caregivers of older people.
Understanding Web server configuration issues

This paper proposes a methodological approach to the evaluation of Web server performance in a simple local area network test environment. The paper examines how different system and application configuration parameters can, over a range of workloads, impact the performance of a Web server. Our approach relies on relatively fine‐grain reporting of performance data for a broad set of system‐level metrics. Graphical visualization of these performance indices helps to identify the primary system bottleneck in each configuration studied.
Morphological analysis of subgingival biofilm formation on synthetic carbonate apatite inserted into human periodontal pockets.

BACKGROUND Details of the development of human subgingival biofilm are unknown due to the difficulties in conducting experiments and especially in obtaining undisturbed materials. METHODS This study was performed using deposits on carbonate apatite that had been inserted into human periodontal pockets for up to three weeks. Scanning electron microscopy using the vertically sectioned method and transmission electron microscopy using the freeze-substitution method were adopted. RESULTS The development of subgingival biofilm occurred in five sequential phases: pellicle formation, microbial adherence, initial colonization, microbial organization, and establishment. Certain species in each of the initial, secondary and tertiary colonizers were considered to have a predilection for biofilm formation. Gram-positive, bacillary initial colonizers and gram-negative, filamentous secondary colonizers organized one stable structure that served as the framework for biofilm formation, and gram-negative, rod-shaped tertiary colonizers with cell-surface vesicles showed multigeneric coaggregation. The microbiota in the tertiary colonizers underwent repeated microflora alteration. CONCLUSIONS Subgingival biofilm is constituted by initial, secondary and tertiary colonizers. Microflora alteration which is suggested to be related to periodontal disease, frequently occurred in the tertiary colonizers.
Method of Traffic Analysis Zone Partition for Traffic Impact Assessment

AbstractIn order to predict and analyze the attributes of macro traffic flow on road network and micro traffic flow at intersection accurately during traffic impact assessment (TIA), a method of combining traffic volume distribution model with traffic simulation was developed. First, based on Geography Information System (GIS), Voronoi diagrams were used to traffic analysis zone (TAZ) partition, and the attribute data was also partitioned correspondingly. Then, multiplicative competitive interaction (MCI) model was adopted to estimate the new OD matrix. As a result, the output of traffic demand model can be input to micro traffic simulator directly to simulate and analyze the micro traffic flow. Finally, a numeric test was done to show the validity and accuracy of the presented method.
25 B 08 Dust in Magnetized Plasmas

Overview of recent progress in studies of magnetize d dusty plasmas is presented. Dust dynamic under th e influence of an applied magnetic field in various t ypes of discharges and conditions (including dust dynamic in the magnetized plasma sheath) is examine d. The various dust driven mechanisms in magnetized plasma are considered and comparison experimental a d theoretical data is performed. Influence of magnetic field on dust structures are analyzed as w ell as dust stabilization (freezing) in the alterna ti g magnetic field.