Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Newton–Okounkov bodies, cluster duality, and mirror symmetry for Grassmannians

We use cluster structures and mirror symmetry to explicitly describe a natural class of Newton-Okounkov bodies for Grassmannians. We consider the Grassmannian $X=Gr_{n-k}(\mathbb C^n)$, as well as the mirror dual Landau-Ginzburg model $(\check{X}^\circ, W_q:\check{X}^\circ \to \mathbb C)$, where $\check{X}^\circ$ is the complement of a particular anti-canonical divisor in a Langlands dual Grassmannian $\check{X} = Gr_k((\mathbb C^n)^*)$, and the superpotential W_q has a simple expression in terms of Pl\"ucker coordinates. Grassmannians simultaneously have the structure of an $\mathcal{A}$-cluster variety and an $\mathcal{X}$-cluster variety. Given a cluster seed G, we consider two associated coordinate systems: a $\mathcal X$-cluster chart $\Phi_G:(\mathbb C^*)^{k(n-k)}\to X^{\circ}$ and a $\mathcal A$-cluster chart $\Phi_G^{\vee}:(\mathbb C^*)^{k(n-k)}\to \check{X}^\circ$. To each $\mathcal X$-cluster chart $\Phi_G$ and ample `boundary divisor' $D$ in $X\setminus X^{\circ}$, we associate a Newton-Okounkov body $\Delta_G(D)$ in $\mathbb R^{k(n-k)}$, which is defined as the convex hull of rational points. On the other hand using the $\mathcal A$-cluster chart $\Phi_G^{\vee}$ on the mirror side, we obtain a set of rational polytopes, described by inequalities, by writing the superpotential $W_q$ in the $\mathcal A$-cluster coordinates, and then "tropicalising". Our main result is that the Newton-Okounkov bodies $\Delta_G(D)$ and the polytopes obtained by tropicalisation coincide. As an application, we construct degenerations of the Grassmannian to toric varieties corresponding to these Newton-Okounkov bodies. Additionally, when $G$ corresponds to a plabic graph, we give a formula for the lattice points of the Newton-Okounkov bodies, which has an interpretation in terms of quantum Schubert calculus.
The Relationship Between High School Teachers' Perceptions of Organizational Culture and Motivation

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between school culture and motivation perceptions of teachers in high schools. The study tested whether the participant teachers' organizational culture and motivation perceptions were statistically different according to gender, marital status, school type and professional seniority and also it was attempted to determine whether the motivation perceptions of teachers could be statistically predicted from their organizational culture perceptions. A simple random sampling method was used in the study conducted with the teachers employed in high schools in Diyarbakır city center. The Organizational Culture Scale and the Teacher Motivation Scale were incorporated as data gathering instruments in the study. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the teachers' organizational culture perceptions statistically varied according to gender (in favor of the female teachers) and marital status (in favor of the married teachers) in the power culture dimension and according to professional seniority (in favor of those of 20 years or more teaching experience) in the support culture dimension and that the motivation perceptions of the teachers statistically varied according to gender (in favor of female teachers) in the external motivation dimension. In addition, it was found that the teachers' motivation perceptions could be statistically predicted from their organizational culture perceptions.
Modulation de la machinerie de O-GlcNACylation par l’oncoprotéineTax du virus HTLV-1 et implication dans la transactivation du promoteur viral

Le virus HTLV-1 est le seul retrovirus humain oncogene decouvert a ce jour a l’origine d’une lymphoproliferation maligne a cellules T, la leucemie aigue de l’adulte (ATL). L’oncoproteine Tax du virus HTLV-1 joue un role majeur dans l’etablissement de la leucemie mais aussi dans la replication du virus. Tax regule la transcription du promoteur viral situe au sein du LTR 5’ du virus, gouvernant ainsi sa propre production. Pour ce faire, Tax recrute des dimeres du facteur de transcription cellulaire CREB, sous forme phosphorylee, au niveau d’elements de reponse a l’AMP cyclique (vCRE) situes dans la partie U3 du LTR. La phosphorylation de CREB est un processus crucial pour la transactivation du promoteur viral. CREB est aussi cible et regule par OGlcNAcylation, modification post traductionnelle impliquee dans de nombreuses pathologies comme le cancer, dont la regulation depend de deux enzymes, l’OGA et l’OGT, formant le complexe OGlcNAzyme. Du fait que Tax deregule de nombreuses machineries de modifications post traductionnelles et que la OGlcNAcylation regule avec la phosphorylation la stabilite et l‘activite de facteurs de transcriptions, nous avons evalue pour la premiere fois le statut de la OGlcNAcylation de CREB dans le cadre de l’infection par HTLV-1 et son implication sur la regulation du promoteur viral. Nous avons pu montrer que dans le cadre de l’infection par HTLV-1, la proteine Tax deregulait la machinerie de OGlcNAcylation en inhibant l’activite de l’OGA. Pour ce faire, Tax interagit avec le complexe OGlcNAzyme entrainant une augmentation de la OGlcNAcylation de CREB favorisant ainsi la transcription du LTR 5’. Ainsi nous avons pu etablir pour la premiere fois une relation entre Tax et la OGlcNAcylation permettant de proposer un nouveau modele de regulation du LTR viral.
Scope for latitudinal extension of reef corals is species specific

In their recent paper, Muir et al. (Science, 2015, 348, 1135-1138) demonstrate that the maximum depths of staghorn coral assemblages are shallower at higher latitudes, a trend that correlates with winter light levels. Based on these findings, the authors hypothesize that light availability limits the current latitudinal extent of the group and will constrain future range expansion. Here we reanalyze their data and show that depth-latitude relationships vary substantially among species, and that most species show either no significant pattern or the opposite pattern. In so doing, our reanalysis highlights a common misinterpretation of mixed-effects models: the fallacy of the average. Our findings are also consistent with fossil and contemporary observations of coral range-shifts. The factors that limit the current range extent of corals remain elusive, but they are likely speciesspecific and will require much further research to elucidate.
The Investigation of Biodegradability of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Effluent of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Dissolved nitrogen in wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) effluent includes inorganic (ammonia, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen) and organic forms. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) becomes an important portion of WWTP effluents, because of high inorganic nitrogen removal is able to achieve in these plants. Biodegradable dissolved organic nitrogen (BDON) is a portion of DON that can be mineralized by an acclaimed mixed bacterial culture. In this study, the fate of DON and BDON in effluent of wastewater treatment plant including 4-stage Bardenpho process was investigated. DON values were determined between 4.1-19.7 mg/L in effluent. The biodegradability of WWTP effluent samples were determined by using a mixed bacteria culture and identified between 41%-98% for different sampling time. BDON/total dissolved nitrogen ratio was found in 7%-81% ranges.
FAST MONTE CARLO GREEKS FOR FINANCIAL PRODUCTS WITH DISCONTINUOUS PAY‐OFFS

We introduce a new class of numerical schemes for discretizing processes driven by Brownian motions. These allow the rapid computation of sensitivities of discontinuous integrals using pathwise methods even when the underlying densities postdiscretization are singular. The two new methods presented in this paper allow Greeks for financial products with trigger features to be computed in the LIBOR market model with similar speed to that obtained by using the adjoint method for continuous pay‐offs. The methods are generic with the main constraint being that the discontinuities at each step must be determined by a one‐dimensional function: the proxy constraint. They are also generic with the sole interaction between the integrand and the scheme being the specification of this constraint.
Spatial Assessment of Seasonal Changes in Pollution of the Air Ground Layer with Aerosol Particles in School Yards of Tiaret city (Algeria)

According to the data obtained in the autumn-winter period, the excess of PM2.5 in air during the schoolday after a short stay by pupils in the school yards was 1.5 –2 times. The PM2.5 concentration in the autumn - winter period was up to 1.5 times higher than that of the spring – summer time. High concentrations of dust particles are observed in areas close to heavy traffic in winter in the South-Eastern part of the city. Low concentrations were recorded in the autumn-winter time in areas adjacent to forests in the North –Western part of the city of Tiaret. However, the protective function of forest stands in the spring – summer period in the North-Western part of the city of Tiaret is less evident. The need for introduction of several nature protection measures in the city is obvious. Among them: fuel quality control and fines for the use of low-grade fuel, increasing the density of trees and shrubs in the city in the areas uncovered by vegetation.
Hybrid PSOS Algorithm For Continuous Optimization

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the practical metaheuristic algorithms which is applied for numerical global optimization‎. ‎It benefits from the nature inspired swarm intelligence‎, ‎but it suffers from a local optima problem‎. ‎Recently‎, ‎another nature inspired metaheuristic called Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) is proposed‎, ‎which doesn't have any parameters to set at start‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎the PSO and SOS algorithms are combined to produce a new hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for the global optimization problem‎, ‎called PSOS‎. ‎In this algorithm‎, ‎a minimum number of the parameters are applied which prevent the trapping in local solutions and increase the success rate‎, ‎and also the SOS interaction phases are modified‎. ‎The proposed algorithm consists of the PSO and the SOS phases‎. ‎The PSO phase gets the experiences for each appropriate solution and checks the neighbors for a better solution‎, ‎and the SOS phase benefits from the gained experiences and performs symbiotic interaction update phases‎. ‎Extensive experimental results showed that the PSOS outperforms both the PSO and SOS algorithms in terms of the convergence and success ‎rates. ‎
SHIYF: A Secured and High-Integrity YARN Framework

Cloud computing is becoming a powerful parallel data processing method, and it can be adopted by many network service providers to build a service framework. Although cloud computing is able to efficiently process a large amount of data, it can be attacked easily due to its massively distributed cluster nodes. In this paper, we propose a secure and high-integrity YARN framework (SHIYF), which establishes a close relationship between speculative execution and the security of Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN, MapReduce 2.0). SHIYF computes and compares the MD5 hashes of the intermediate and final results in the MapReduce process by launching the speculative executions in a certain ratio, which is able to find actual and potentially malicious nodes in the Hadoop cluster. The prototype of SHIYF is implemented based on Hadoop 2.8. 0. In this paper, theoretical derivations and experiments show that SHIYF not only guarantees the security and high integrity of the MapReduce process but also successfully locates the malicious nodes and the potential malicious ones in Hadoop, while increasing overhead slightly. Furthermore, the malicious node detection ratio is more than 87%.
Interface Characterization of Ultrasonic Spot-Welded Mg Alloy Interlayered with Cu Coating

The effect of Cu coating metallic interlayer on the weldability, joint strength, and interfacial microstructure during high-power ultrasonic spot welding (HP-USW) of AZ31B Mg alloy has been studied. Interlayered samples exhibited good weldability and they resulted in strong sound joints with nearly the same strength as joints without interlayer, with the distinction of lower energy being required. The Cu interlayer affected the thermal and vibrational properties of the interface, as the maximum interface temperature decreased and approached better uniformity across the weld nugget. The base metal grain structure changed to equiaxed larger grains after ultrasonic welding and a chain of parent metal small grains were observed around the interface. A binary intermetallic compound product of Mg-Cu, which was rich in Mg, has been found around the interface that was diffused toward base metal. According to the electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) results, alongside temperature measurements and hardness data, the formation of Mg2Cu is suggested in this region. At the interface centerline, a narrow region was identified that was composed of Mg, Cu, and Al. Complementary transmission electron microscopy analysis estimated that Al-containing reaction product is a ternary alloy of the MgCuxAly type. The dispersion of fine grain intermetallic compounds as discrete particles inside Mg substrate in both interfacial regions formed a composite like structure that could participate in joint strengthening.
Assortative mating in hybrid zones is remarkably ineffective in promoting speciation

Assortative mating and other forms of partial prezygotic isolation are often viewed as being more important than partial postzygotic isolation (low fitness of hybrids) early in the process of speciation. Here I simulate secondary contact between two populations (‘species’) to examine effects of pre- and postzygotic isolation in preventing blending. A small reduction in hybrid fitness (e.g., 10%) produces a narrower hybrid zone than a strong but imperfect mating preference (e.g., 10x stronger preference for conspecific over heterospecific mates). This is because, in the latter case, rare F1 hybrids find each other attractive (due to assortative mating), leading to the gradual buildup of a full continuum of intermediates between the two species. The cline is narrower than would result from purely neutral diffusion over the same number of generations, largely due to the frequency-dependent mating disadvantage of individuals of rare mating types. Hybrids tend to pay this cost of rarity more than pure individuals, meaning there is an induced postzygotic isolation effect of assortative mating. These results prompt a questioning of the concept of partial prezygotic isolation, since it is not very isolating unless there is also postzygotic isolation.
Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Speed Tuning Optimization with Energy Saving in Railway: Application and Case Study

In this paper an approach is proposed for optimization of speed profiles in railway integrating energy saving. This approach deals with a multi-objective problem involving three criteria: reduction of the travel duration, reduction of the delays and minimization of the energy consumption. Based on a state of the art evolutionary algorithm, the proposed approach searches for diversified solutions in a continuous search space. These solutions are evaluated and compared according to the Pareto approach in such a way that the proposed solutions are different and incomparable, in order to help the decision makers. After having reminded railway dynamics elements, the approach is detailed as well as the evolutionary algorithm and its problem-related components. Two case studies (the Gonesse junction and the line Saint- ´ Etienne – Rive de Giers in France) and results are then provided and analyzed.
Port-contact systems in bilateral telemanipulation

In this paper we develop one of the first control applications of the recently proposed port-contact framework. We show how it is possible to model and control a bilateral telemanipulation system using port-contact systems and we develop a port-contact impedance controller that allows to impose a desired interactive behavior and a zero steady state position error during contact tasks.
Perceptual Judgments of Logical Propositions

Aims: This study is part of a series aiming to evaluate the computational complexity used by the human brain while perceptually judging a logic proposition. Methods: In the present article we report a psychophysical study in which the hypothesis that efficiency and efficacy of these perceptual decisions depend on the proposition but not on the validating sensory stimuli was tested. Subjects had to judge whether a color stimulus verifies a proposition under a go/no-go protocol. Different protocols were used for the evaluation of the relative weight of proposition connectors on the latency, accuracy and precision of the responses. Results and Discussion: Errors and latencies increase with the minimum description length of the proposition, but the relative weight of absences was double than the weight of presences (even when brief and single color stimuli ruled out visual search). However, values predicted by this rule are smaller than those found for conditionals and larger than those found for biconditionals and exclusive disjunctions. We postulate that the brain uses a “one and only one is valid” operator (which is equivalent to exclusive disjunction in dyadic statements) to deal with these propositions. Conclusions: Decision difficulty (including within this term time and accuracy) depends on proposition structure. We provide a heuristic rule that predicts evaluation time better than previously proposed hypotheses. Original Research Article Piffaretti et al.; AJORRIN, 2(1): 1-14, 2019; Article no.AJORRIN. 46665 2
The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort

Abstract Former studies done by other authors investigated the first- and second-layered air gaps beneath the clothing garments. None of the previous studies reported multidisciplinary clothing design testing approach linking both the objective measuring methods and subjective responses, while testing the thermal properties linked to a microclimatic volume formed between the layers of garments forming the ensemble. Neither was determined the limiting value of the microclimatic volume for outerwear garments, after which the thermal insulation will start to decrease due to convection. By taking the advantage of the precise three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology and reverse engineering 3D CAD tool, the volume of the microclimatic air layers formed under outerwear garments was determined to study the impact of the ensemble’s microclimatic volume on the overall insulation value, measured by means of the thermal manikin. The jacket with the smaller microclimatic volume provided 5.2–13.5% less insulation than wider jackets, while the ensembles with tighter jackets showed 0.74–1.9% less insulation in static and 0.9–2.7% more insulation in dynamic conditions, thus proving that the limiting value of the microclimatic volume is greater than previously reported for three-layered ensembles. The effective thermal insulation value was reduced in average by 20.98–25.34% between standing and moving manikins. The thermal manikins are designed for steady-state measurements and do not work well under transient conditions, so three human subjects were employed as evaluators of the clothing thermal quality. In cooler climatic conditions, the measured physiological parameters and subjects’ grades pointed to discomfort while wearing ensembles with tighter jackets.
Microfinance and Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Darjeeling District

Micro finance in the form of Self-Help Group (SHG) Linkage model has been able to inspire hope in the lives of thousands of rural poor especially poor women by shifting them from debt-trap of informal credit sources to formal credit system. In this context the present study makes a modest attempt to examine that extent to which microfinance programme is effective in empowering rural women. A primary field survey has been carried out in Kharibari block of Darjeeling district to get the real picture. Survey method was applied and interview schedule has been used to collect relevant data from the respondents. Using tabular analysis and chi square test, results of this study indicate significant differences between SHGs women (i.e., those involved with SHG) and non-SHGs women regarding various economic, socio-cultural and political indicators of empowerment. It was also found that SHGs women have more active participation in various income generating activities. They earned more income, saved more money and at the same time owned more assets than non-SHGs women. The study also stresses the need of more loans to be expanded to rural poor women folk to enhance their economic solvency and empower them economically.
Identification of Theileria Species in Sheep and Vector Ticks Using PCR Method in Zabol, Eastern Iran

Background: Theileria is a protozoal parasite that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by various species of Theileria. Among these species, T. lestoquardi (T. hirci) is highly pathogenic, while other species such as T. ovis make Subclinical and mild infections in small ruminant. Therefore, the precise identification of the species and the vector ticks are very essential for epidemiological studies and the design of control programs. Methods: This research was conducted with the aim of molecular study to identify Theileria species and vectors in Zabol, eastern Iran in 2015. The presence of Theileria in 80 blood samples and vector ticks was evaluated using PCR method. Results: Of 80 blood samples, PCR analysis showed that 50 samples (62.5%) were infected with Theileria. The evaluation of the first phase PCR with Nested PCR showed that infections with Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi were 67.45% and 32.55% cases respectively. Overall, 110 ticks (78 males and 32 females) were collected and generally two genera and six species including Rhipicephalus bursa (9.1%), Rh. sanguineus (29.1%), Rh. turanicus (10.9%) Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum (23.63%), Hy. excavatum (10.9%), Hy. anatolicum (16.37%) were detected. After evaluating ticks infection by PCR method, three species of Rh. turanicus, Rh. sanguineus and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, were infected. Conclusion: Theileria ovis has a high prevalence among the sheep of zabol and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, Rh. sanguineus and Rh. turanicus may be the main vectors of Theileria species in this area.
Exploring the links between tourism and quality of institutions

This paper introduces a new perspective on the impacts of tourism on host communities by analyzing the links between tourism specialization and quality of institutions. Our research has two principal aims: firstly, to test the significance and sign of this relationship; and secondly, to explore the channels through which tourism could affect institutional quality. To this end, an econometric analysis is conducted using a sample of 92 countries over the period 1995-2014. The results indicate that there is a significant and positive association between tourism specialization and institutional quality. Moreover, this relation can be explained through three main channels: level of income, income inequality, and economic freedom. Este trabajo aporta una nueva perspectiva sobre los impactos del turismo analizando las relaciones entre la especialización turística de un país y la calidad de sus instituciones. La investigación plantea dos objetivos: (1) testar empíricamente la significatividad y signo de dichas relaciones y (2) explorar los canales a través de los que se producen. Realizamos un análisis econométrico para 92 países y 20 años. Los principales resultados indican la existencia de una asociación significativa y positiva entre turismo y calidad institucional que se produce principalmente a través de tres canales: nivel de renta, distribución de la renta y libertad económica.