Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor Suppressor function of the deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 and its substrate gamma-tubulin In regulation of cell cycle and genome stability

In normal cells, the cell cycle is controlled by a complex series of signalling pathways by which a cell grows, replicates its DNA and divides. The critical task of the cell cycle is to ensure that DNA is faithfully replicated and that identical chromosomal copies are distributed equally to two daughter cells during mitosis with the help of the mitotic spindle. Thus, mitotic spindle formation is vital for proper chromosome congression, alignment and segregation during cell division. Dysregulation of any of the components involved in this process may cause mis-segregation of the chromosomes and chromosomal instability, which are commonly observed in cancer. There are a number of surveillance mechanisms to ensure errors are corrected, and if not, the cells commit suicide (apoptosis). In cancer, this tightly regulated process malfunctions as a result of genetic mutations, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. g-Tubulin is a member of the tubulin family that is required for interphase αβ-tubulin nucleation, spindle formation and centrosomal duplication. The cell cycle is a closely controlled process, involving multiple components with regulation on several levels. The findings from our studies suggest that at the G1/S-phase transition, when retinoblastoma protein (RB) releases E2 promoter binding factors (E2Fs), g-tubulin associates with and captures E2F to ensure a transient transcription of genes necessary for S-phase entry. In addition, we found that the g-tubulin deubiquitination enzyme, BRCA1 Associated Protein 1 (BAP1), was downregulated in metastatic adenocarcinoma breast cell lines compared to non-cancerous human breast epithelial cells. Reduced expression of BAP1 in breast cancer cell lines was associated with mitotic abnormalities. Rescue experiments involving expression of BAP1 reduced ubiquitination of g-tubulin and prevented mitotic defects. Furthermore, we found that the tumour suppressor function of BAP1 in neuroblastoma is mediated through the arrest of cells in S phase, and further, it promoted cell death. In conclusion, our studies define important functions of g-tubulin and BAP1 in the regulation of the cell cycle and proper segregation of the chromosomes. (Less)
Ceratobasidium albasitensis. A new Rhizoctonia-like fungus isolated in Spain

Ceratobasidium albasitensis is described as a new species based on morphological data and on phylogenetic reconstruction from rDNA sequences, including representatives of other related species. Isolates of this species were found in several localities within Albacete province (SE of Spain). This taxon is part of the Rhizoctonia s.l. species complex and is placed in the genus Ceratobasidium (Stat. Anam. = Ceratorhiza) on account of its macro- and micromorphological features. In addition, two new methods to induce sexual sporulation on plates are described.
New records of the grape berry moth hymenopterous parasitoids in Iran.

The hymenopterous parasitoids of grape berry moth Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Iran were studied sparsely. This aggregation includes to twelve species belong to five families Bethylidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae and Trichogramatidae are listed as egg (two species), larva (nine species) and pupa (four species). During this study, two species Dibrachys affinis Masi (Hym.: Pteromalidae, Pteromainae) and Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) are newly records for Iranian insect fauna and larval parasitoid of L. botrana. Finally all of the hymenopterous parasitoids of grape berry moth in Iran were reviewed.
Five new species of the genus Humidophila (Bacillariophyta) from the Maritime Antarctic Region

Five unknown taxa belonging to the newly established genus Humidophila were found during ongoing taxonomic revision of the freshwater and limno-terrestrial diatom flora of the Maritime Antarctic Region. These taxa were previously identified as Diadesmis arcuata, D. biscutella, D. comperei and D. ingeae, but detailed light and scanning electron microscopy observations allowed their clear separation from the already known taxa, and resulted in the description of five new species: Humidophila sceppacuerciae Kopalová sp. nov., H. australoshetlandica Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov., H. keiliorum Kopalová sp. nov., H. deceptionensis Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and H. vojtajarosikii Kopalová sp. nov. All five new taxa are compared with the morphologically most similar taxa, and their ecology and biogeography are discussed. Although the genus Humidophila is present worldwide, a large number of Humidophila taxa have a restricted distribution within the (sub-)Antarctic Region, showing a clear bioregionalism.
In vitro propagation of Thymus sipyleus Boiss. (Lamiaceae).

In vitro propagation of Thymus sipyleus Boiss. (Lamiaceae), an endemic from western Anatolia was investigated. Sterilized seeds of the plant were germinated on modified Murashige-Skoog medium (mMS) and Heller's nutrient media. Then, seedlings were transferred to Murashige-Skoog basal medium containing 0.4 mg/l Naphtaleneacetic acid, (NAA) and 3 mg/l Benzyladenin (BA) and then they formed callus where they were in contact with the medium. Plantlets which regenerated on the same medium formed multiple shoots within 2 weeks and they were rooted after the 4th subculture.
Influence of sire by year interactions on the direct-maternal genetic correlation for weaning weight of Western Australian Merino sheep

The relationship between the direct-maternal genetic (co)variance σam and sire by year (SY) interactions for weaning weight in Merino sheep was examined through simulation and real data analyses. Weaning weight was simulated using models containing interaction and σam = 0 (S1), interaction and σam 0 (S3), and without interaction and σam < 0 (S4). When S1 data were analysed ignoring interaction, a negative (co)variance was observed and direct and maternal variances were inflated. Analysis of S2 data ignoring σam resulted in deflated direct and maternal variances, inflated residual and interaction variances, and no change for the permanent environmental component. Ignoring the interaction effect in S3 data resulted again in a negative (co)variance component and highly biased genetic parameters. On application to weaning weight of Merino sheep, the model ignoring SY resulted in a direct-maternal genetic correlation of –0.43. The model using both (co)variance and interaction effects fit the data better (P < 0.001). The interaction variance represented 9.2% of the phenotypic variance but explained 86% of the (co)variance between direct and maternal genetic effects estimated ignoring SY. A small (–0.096) but still negative estimate of the genetic correlation was obtained. The implication of these findings in the context of Central Test Sire Evaluation and Maternal Sire Central Progeny Test Schemes is discussed.
Influence of a single non-destructive harvest on potato plantlets grown for minituber production.

Incorporating a step of minituber production in seed production programmes of potato, may speed up multiplication and improve seed tuber quality. Therefore, growth, develop­ ment and minituber production of in vitro propagated potato plantlets were studied, after transplanting in the glasshouse at 350 plants per m2 under tuber-inducing conditions. Plants growing undisturbed were compared to plants from which tubers > 0.3 g were removed in a single non-destructive harvest, 3 to 8 weeks after transplanting. In undisturbed plants, tuber initiation slowed down 4 weeks after transplanting, and only 2 tubers per plantlet were harvested in 11 weeks (average weight 5 g). After a non-destructive harvest, new stolons and tubers were initiated. However, overall and tuber growth rates were reduced. Effects of a non-destructive harvest were probably caused by the combined influences of tuber removal, root damage and deep replanting of the plantlets. The effects of the non-destructive harvest depended on the growth phase of the plants at the moment the non-destructive harvest took place: highest tuber numbers and lowest growth rate reduc­ tions were observed when growth was at its maximum. Using this non-destructive harves­ ting procedure, over 1400 and 2400 minitubers > 0.3 g could be produced per m2 within 8 and 9 weeks after transplanting for cultivars Ostara and Bintje, respectively. These minitubers (average weight 1 2 g) seem suitable for large-scale use in a seed production programme.
Catch Rates and Harvest Results under a 14.0-Inch Minimum Length Limit for Largemouth Bass in a New Iowa Impoundment

Abstract A 14.0-inch minimum length limit on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was assessed from 1972-1976 at Big Creek Lake, Iowa, a new 850-acre lake impounded in autumn 1971. The objective of the length limit was to prevent overharvest of bass and maintain quality fishing in terms of catch per effort (C/E) and mean size. The bass were sampled each spring to determine population characteristics while a sport-fishery survey was conducted to document C/E, harvest, and exploitation. The largemouth bass population was dominated by fish stocked in 1972 and 1973. Growth rates were best during the first 2 years of impoundment; proportional stock densities were 0 in 1973, 57% in 1974, 56% in 1975, and 8% in 1976. Numerical density of the largemouth bass gradually declined from 50 per/acre in 1974 to 16 per/acre in 1976 while standing stock increased from 18 lbs/acre in 1973 to 29 lbs/acre in 1975, then fell to 6 lbs/acre by 1976. Anglers creeled 26; 1,738; 1,903; and 375 largemouth bass in 1973-1976, resp.
Effects of toxicants on freshwater ecosystems

Diese Habilitationsschrift befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen von Schadstoffen auf Suswasser-Okosysteme und betrachtet dabei verschiedene Schadstofftypen (Pestizide, generelle organische Schadstoffe, Sanitat) und biotische Endpunkte (taxonomische Gemeinschafsstruktur, merkmalsbezogene Gemeinschafsstruktur, Okosystemfunktionen). Die Habilitationsschrift besteht aus 12 peer-reviewed internationalen Publikationen zu diesen Themen. Alle Studien beruhen auf Daten aus Mesokosmen und Feldstudien, oder auf der Analyse von Daten des biologischen und chemischen Monitorings. Weitere Details zu den individuellen Publikationen finden sich in der englischen Zusammenfassung.
Estimation of Primal Cuts Yields by Using Body Size Traits in Hanwoo Steer

ABSTRACT The study aimed to develop prediction models of primal cut yield using body measurements of Hanwoo steers in Korea. The progeny of 874 steers at Hanwoo Improvement Main Center from 2008 to 2010 were recorded. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for primal cuts and other traits were estimated. Primal cuts were adjusted for slaughter date and age using the SAS GLM procedure. Afterwards, a stepwise regression was performed on each primal cut by fitting body measurement traits. An independent covariable was selected at the highest coefficient of determination with the greater fitness model using Mallows’s Cp statistic. Results showed that primal cuts were significantly influenced by slaughter date (P<0.01). The age at slaughter, however, was only significant for the top round (P<0.05). There was a moderate to high correlation between chest girth and tenderloin (0.54), loin (0.74), and rib (0.80). Most primal cut percentages were negatively related to BFT. Similar negative to low positive correlations were observed for primal cut percentage and body size traits. In addition, a correlation of 0.21 was observed between rib percentage and chest girth. The regression of body measurements on the adjusted primal cuts were significant for later traits. Regression estimates revealed that wither height, body length, rump length, hip bone width, and chest girth are important for primal cut weight and percentage determination. In particular, chest girth was always important for primal cut weight estimates. (
Isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. and Campylobacter coli from poultry carcasses by conventional culture method and multiplex PCR in Mashhad, Iran

Summary The genus Campylobacter is of great importance to public health because it includes several species that may cause diarrhoea. Poultry and poultry products are known as important sources of human campylobacteriosis. In this study, during the autumn months of 2005, a total of 100 samples from poultry carcasses, representing 20 broiler flocks were obtained by rinse test, after the chilling stage of processing. The samples were enriched in Preston broth, followed by streaking on selective media. Then, the suspected colonies were isolated on sheep blood agar and tested for morphology, motility and Gram-staining. Biochemical tests and hippurate hydrolysis activity were also performed. Concurrently, a multiplex PCR assay (m-PCR) with two sets of primers was employed for identification of Campylobacter genus and Campylobacter coli. The m-PCR assay was applied on bacterial cultures harvested from selective media plates. By conventional culture method, including hippurate hydrolysis test from suspected colonies, 76% of samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. and 2% for C. coli. In m-PCR assay 28% of the harvested cultures, were positive for Campylobacter genus but C. coli were not detected in any of the samples. According to this preliminary study, it seems that the contamination rate of poultry carcasses with other species of Campylobacter genus is higher than contamination with C. coli.
Characterization of Iranian grapevine cultivars using microsatellite markers

Sixty-two grapevine ( Vitis spp.) accessions from Iran and the USA were characterized at 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci using fluorescent primers and a capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing system. The number of alleles observed per locus ranged from 4 to 16 and heterozygosity values ranged from 0.47 to 0.86. Genetic similarity was estimated for each pair of accessions as the proportion of shared alleles. A phenogram constructed from genetic dissimilarity values revealed three clusters, one each for table grapes, wine grapes and rootstocks. The phenogram also revealed three clonal sets (Askari, Bidane and Yaghoti) as well as some synonyms and homonyms among Iranian table grape cultivars.
Isolation of Major Phenolic Compounds from the Extracts of Prunella L. Species Grown in Turkey and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities

The major phenolics of Prunella L. species were isolated, and antioxidant activites were determined by 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid). The isolated compounds were identified as rutin, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The results show that the phenolic compounds were isolated from Prunella L. species with high content ranged from 74% (Prunella grandiflora L.) to 99% (Prunella orientalis Bornm.), and the major compound of rosmarinic acid was isolated above 90% in all species. Antigrowth effects of Prunella L. species were tested against human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive) and MDAMB231 (estrogen receptor-negative) by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) viability assays. To determine the mode of cell death, M30-antigen assay was performed in order to measure apoptosis. It was found that Prunella laciniata (L.) L. , P. orientalis Bornm. and P. grandiflora L. species showed antigrowth effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, but apoptosis was not observed.
Guía básica para el estudio no invasivo de la isquemia crónica de miembros inferiores

La isquemia crónica de miembros inferiores es sin duda una de las patologías más frecuentes y que más tiempo ocupa en la programación de los laboratorios vasculares y quirófanos. Su diagnóstico, antaño basado esencialmente en la angiografía, se ha sustituido progresivamente por métodos no invasivos, y se ha reservado la punción arterial y la inyección de contraste nefrotóxico para el momento del tratamiento. Esta quinta guía básica de diagnóstico no invasivo repasa los conocimientos esenciales para poder establecer el diagnóstico y planear el tratamiento de la isquemia crónica de miembros inferiores en el laboratorio vascular, empezando por los diferentes métodos de valoración indirecta (Doppler continuo, grabación del volumen del pulso, fotopletismografia) y concluyendo con la cartografía arterial (mapping) realizada con eco-Doppler. No es objetivo de esta guía, como tampoco lo ha sido de ninguna de las anteriores, describir otros métodos no invasivos, como la angiorresonancia magnética o la angiotomografía computarizada, que no suelen formar parte del utillaje de los laboratorios vasculares.
Rapid gain and loss of evolutionary resistance to the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the copepod Acartia tonsa

Evolutionary resistance of the copepod Acartia tonsa to the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides was investigated to establish whether zooplankton can rapidly adapt to harmful algal blooms (HABs). Copepod resistance was evaluated by egg production rates when feeding on C. polykrikoides relative to the nontoxic flagellate Rhodomonas lens. An experiment with six geographically separate A. tonsa populations demonstrated that the copepods collected during C. polykrikoides blooms within eastern Long Island bays were significantly more resistant to C. polykrikoides than their conspecifics in nearby nonbloom regions. An artificial selection experiment with a naïve A. tonsa population demonstrated that copepod resistance significantly increased when individuals were chronically exposed to C. polykrikoides (three times greater than the control after four generations). Following a two‐generation relaxation of selection, however, the elevated resistance in A. tonsa was completely lost. Such rapid gain and loss of resistance suggests that copepod adaptation to C. polykrikoides in the bays of eastern Long Island may mainly result from the selection of resistant genotypes by an ongoing bloom event rather than prior HABs, which could shape trophic interactions between zooplankton and harmful algae.
Biochemical Genetics of Lobsters: Genetic Variation and the Structure of American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Populations

Eight populations of American lobsters, Homarus americanus, were surveyed for genetic variation at 44 loci encoding electrophoretically detectable proteins. Rather low levels of genetic variability were found, the average proportion of heterozygous loci per individual being 3.8%. Genetic variation is concentrated at only eight loci, with just five loci — Acid phosphatase-1, Esterase-2, Phosphoglucose isomerase-4, Phosphoglucomutase-1, and Tetrazolium reductase-2 — having proportions of heterozygotes greater than 20%. Interpopulation differences are small; the genetic identity averaged over all loci, I, is above 0.99 in all but three comparisons. Differentiation between populations was found only at the Malic enzyme locus, but the degree of this differentiation supports the suggestion from previous migration and morphological studies that H. americanus is subdivided into a number of more or less geographically isolated inshore and offshore populations. These local populations are nonetheless genetically si.
Biological control of Scotch broom : modelling the determinants of abundance and the potential impact of introduced insect herbivores

Simulation and analytical models are developed for the European shrub Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius Link (Fabaceae). The simulation model is spatially explicit and allows us to explore not only changes in population size but also the proportion of ground covered by the weed. The simulation model incorporates spatially local density-dependent competition, asymmetric competition between seedlings and established plants, a seed bank, local seed dispersal and an age-structured established plant population. This model is designed to incorporate much of the known population biology of broom. The analytical models are simple approximations of the simulation. The basic model contains nine parameters: the probability a site is disturbed, p dist ; the probability a seed becomes a seedling, g; the probability a seedling survives the first year, s; the probability a seed is lost from the seed bank, d; the minimum age for reproduction, A min ; maximum plant age, A max ; seed production per site, F; the probability a seed is retained in the parental site, fh; and the probability a site becomes suitable for colonization after broom senesces, p so . We review published data on the demography of broom from studies around the world, and also present some previously unpublished data. These data suggest that broom in some exotic habitats can achieve higher fecundities and live longer than in its native range. Analytical approximations provide a good description of the simulation results over a wide range of biologically reasonable parameter values. Specifically, the analytical modekls work well when plants are long-lived or highly fecund. Analysis of the models indicates that when broom colonizes all suitable sites with probability one, that the fraction of sites occupied by broom is determined by only three parameters: the probability of disturbance, p dist the probability a site becomes suitable for colonization following plant senescence, p so ; and maximum longevity, A max . In exotic habitats, where individual broom plants can produce several thousand seeds, differences in these parameters are the most likely reason why broom populations are more weedy than in the native range. The impact of insect herbivores, which reduce plant fecundity, on broom abundance is explored for several environmental scenarios. This analysis suggests that potential biological control agents are most likely to have a substantial impact if the disturbance rate is high, plant fecundity is low, and seedling survival is low. Even herbivores that reduce seed production by only 75% can have a dramatic impact on broom abundance, in contrast to several published predictions. Extensions to the models to allow for arbitrary patterns of age-dependent senescence, and site-specific probabilities of disturbance are presented.
NF‐κB activation in human prostate cancer: Important mediator or epiphenomenon?

The NF‐κB family of transcription factors has been shown to be constitutively activated in various human malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, and a number of solid tumors. NF‐κB is hypothesized to contribute to development and/or progression of malignancy by regulating the expression of genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, anti‐apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Prostate cancer cells have been reported to have constitutive NF‐κB activity due to increased activity of the IκB kinase complex. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between androgen receptor (AR) status and NF‐κB activity was observed in prostate cancer cell lines. NF‐κB may promote cell growth and proliferation in prostate cancer cells by regulating expression of genes such as c‐myc, cyclin D1, and IL‐6. NF‐κB may also inhibit apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through activation of expression of anti‐apoptotic genes, such as Bcl‐2, although pro‐apoptotic activity of NF‐κB has also been reported. NF‐κB‐mediated expression of genes involved in angiogenesis (IL‐8, VEGF), and invasion and metastasis (MMP9, uPA, uPA receptor) may further contribute to the progression of prostate cancer. Constitutive NF‐κB activity has also been demonstrated in primary prostate cancer tissue samples and suggested to have prognostic importance for a subset of primary tumors. The limited number of samples analyzed in those studies and the relative lack of NF‐κB target genes identified in RNA expression microarray analyses of prostate cancer cells suggest that further studies will be required in order to determine if NF‐κB actually plays a role in human prostate cancer development, and/or progression, and to characterize its potential as a therapeutic target. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.