Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring and Understanding Online Reading Behaviors of People with Dyslexia

Extending the benefits of online reading to people with reading disabilities such as dyslexia requires broader research on reading behavior in addition to existing small-scale eye-tracking studies. We conduct the first large-scale mixed-methods study of the unique reading challenges of people with dyslexia. We combine in-person interviews (N=6), online surveys (N=566) and a novel browser-based tool able to measure detailed reading behavior remotely on a controlled set of five pages (N=477) or as a browser extension (N=89) collecting long-term reading behavior data on self-selected pages. We find a variety of text and page layout factors that pose challenges to readers with and without dyslexia, and identify in-browser reading behaviors associated with dyslexia. Findings point toward improvements to technologies for identifying struggling readers, and to ways to improve the layout and appearance of online articles to improve reading ease for people with and without dyslexia.
Astragaloside IV improves vascular inflammatory reaction in diabetic mice by inhibiting NLRP3 / IL ⁃ 1β axis

Objective: To investigate the effects of Astragaloside IV(AS⁃IV) on vascular inflammatory reaction in streptozotocin (STZ)⁃induced diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. Methods:Male C57BL / 6 mice were taken, and intraperitoneally injected with STZ (100 mg / kg) to induce DM model. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into the model group (fed with high sugar and high fat diet) and AS⁃IV group ( fed with high sugar and high fat diet and treated with 20 g·kg⁃1·d⁃1 AS⁃IV by intragastric administration), 5 mice in each group. Another 5 normal mice were used as the control group. Each group was treated with the corresponding intervention for 8 weeks. During the intervention, the body weight of mice was weighed and the blood glucose was measured every week. After the last administration, the blood was collected and the aorta was separated. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) level of mice in each group was detected by biochemical analyzer. The morphological changes of the aortic vessels in each group were observed under light microscope after HE staining. The expression of Nod⁃like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in vessels of mice was detected by Western blot. The serum interleukin⁃1β(IL⁃1β) content of mice in each group was detected by enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay · 6 6 · 上海中医药大学学报 第 34 卷 第 2 期 2020 年 3 月 (ELISA). Results:1 After administration for 4 weeks, compared with the control group, the body weight of mice in the model group and AS⁃IV group was increased slowly. At each time points, there was no statistically significant difference in body weight between the model group and AS⁃IV group (P>0.05) . 2 Compared with the control group, the blood glucose concentrations of the model group and AS⁃IV group was increased significantly at each time points (P<0.01) . From the third week of intervention, the blood glucose concentration of the AS⁃IV group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P<0.05), until the end of the eighth week. After treatment for 8 weeks, the HbAlc level in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01), and the HbAlc level in the AS⁃IV group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05) . 3 HE staining showed that the intima of the aorta was significantly thickened in the model group, and AS⁃IV intervention could significantly alleviate the intima thickening of the model mice. 4 Compared with the control group, the protein expression of NLRP3 in the model group was increased significantly (P<0.01), and the level of serum IL⁃1β was increased obviously (P<0.01) . Compared with the model group, the protein expression of NLRP3 in the AS⁃IV group was decreased obviously (P<0.01), and the content of serum IL⁃1β was decreased significantly (P<0.01) . Conclusion: AS⁃IV can reduce the levels of blood glucose and HbAlc in DM mice, and improve the vascular inflammatory reaction. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition on NLRP3 / IL⁃1β axis.
A Comparison of Acoustic and Linguistics Methodologies for Alzheimer's Dementia Recognition

In the light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the need for remote digital health assessment tools is greater than ever This statement is especially pertinent for elderly and vulnerable populations In this regard, the INTERSPEECH 2020 Alzheimer's Dementia Recognition through Spontaneous Speech (ADReSS) Challenge offers competitors the opportunity to develop speech and language-based systems for the task of Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) recognition The challenge data consists of speech recordings and their transcripts, the work presented herein is an assessment of different contemporary approaches on these modalities Specifically, we compared a hierarchical neural network with an attention mechanism trained on linguistic features with three acoustic-based systems: (i) Bag-of-Audio-Words (BoAW) quantising different low-level descriptors, (ii) a Siamese Network trained on log-Mel spectrograms, and (iii) a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) end-to-end system trained on raw waveforms Key results indicate the strength of the linguistic approach over the acoustics systems Our strongest test-set result was achieved using a late fusion combination of BoAW, End-to-End CNN, and hierarchical-attention networks, which outperformed the challenge baseline in both the classification and regression tasks Copyright © 2020 ISCA
Do voluntary certification standards improve yields and wellbeing? Evidence from oil palm and cocoa smallholders in Ghana

ABSTRACT Cocoa and oil palm production are major agricultural activities in Ghana, contributing substantially to the national economy and rural livelihoods. Even though smallholders produce practically all cocoa and a large fraction of oil palm in Ghana, their production is currently characterized by low yields and negative environmental and socioeconomic outcomes. Different certification standards have been promoted to enhance oil palm and cocoa sustainability in Ghana. This paper assesses the impact of certification standards on farm yields and the wellbeing of oil palm and cocoa smallholders. We focus on two sites of Ghana using a combination of monetary and non-monetary wellbeing indicators and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Through certification, oil palm and cocoa smallholders adopt sustainable production practices (albeit to different extents), with certification having a mostly significant positive effect on farm yields, income and multidimensional poverty for both types of crop smallholders. However, certified cocoa smallholders have a relatively lower income diversification, which increases their vulnerability to price and yield fluctuations. It is important to build farmer capacity with income diversification strategies, possibly through the certification training received and the re-investment of the economic gains obtained through premiums and yield gains.
Microbial Strain Development for Hyperproduction of Ã¢ Glucosidase through Ã£ Rays Mutagenesis And Expression Cloning

The cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out by the synergistic action of cellulase enzyme complex, namely endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase and A¢-glucosidase (BGL). BGL is responsible for the regulation of the cellulolytic process as both endo- and exo-glucanase activities are often inhibited by cellobiose.In recent years, interest in BGL has gained momentum, owing to its potential use in various biotechnological processes including biomass degradation, fuel ethanol production, release of aromatic residues, extraction of fruit juices, production of fermented foods etc.A. niger is by far the most efficient BGL producer among the microorganisms investigated.To cope with the current industrial demand it is necessary to produce BGL with improved catalytic and kinetic properties.The current report deals with the development of A. niger strain through gamma rays treatment.Hyper producer mutant M-6 was selected on the basis of 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistance, which showed about two fold higher production of BGL as compared to control. Both the parent and mutant had shown best results with 3% wheat bran at 30 Â°C and pH 5. Random mutagenesis resulted in mutations within the BGL gene sequence, leading to overall conformational change in BGL secondary structure.The subunit and native molecular mass of the BGLs from parent and mutant were same i.e. 130 and 252 kDa, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis also confirmed the identity of protein bands as BGL from both strains with a slight difference in molecular masses.The mutant BGL proved to be 1.6 fold efficient for cellobiose hydrolysis with lower activation energy (Ea) and thermodynamically more stable against denaturants than parent BGL.The mutant BGL gene was also expressed in Pichia pastoris and the recombinant BGL possessed similar characteristics as that of the mutant BGL. Effect of metals on parent and mutant BGLs showed that Ca2+ decreased the Ea, resulting in efficient formation of ES*-complex as compared to apo-BGL, while, Mn2+ decreased the Ea at lower metal concentrations only.The heat of ionization for the acidic and basic limbs of the apo- BGL reduced significantly in the presence of Ca2+ and Mn2+. The turnover (kcat) of apo-BGL showed an increase in the presence of low concentrations of Ca2+ and Mn2+. The BGL activation mechanism by Ca2+ was of mixed nature where Ca2+ was preferably binding with free enzyme, while Mn2+ was preferably binding with ES*-complex rather than free enzyme (partially uncompetitive). Ca2+- and Mn2+- bound BGL also showed higher thermo-stability as compared to apo-BGL. Immobilization of BGL through entrapment on latex and silicone resulted in an increase in optimum temperature and thermal stability than the free enzyme.The immobilized BGL also increased the cellulose hydrolysis rate with more than 70% functional stability after multiple reuses. The current study has resulted in a highly stable and catalytically active BGL enzyme which may have substantial applications in biofuel and biorefinery industries.
Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning Algorithms

Key aim of this paper is to find out regarding various machine learning algorithms which are utilized to identify credit card fraud. Additionally, we researched various algorithm and their implementation. Different algorithms provide specific precision depending on various conditions. We also studied about a general model which explains about the steps to be followed in order to apply the algorisms and find out the performance and accuracy. Keywords— Anomaly detection, Decision Tree, Isolation Forest, Credit card fraud, ANN, LOF
Pan, Tajran, et al-Interleaving Spanish Verb Conjugation (JEP, 2018)

Do the cognitive benefits of interleaving—the method of alternating between two or more skills or concepts during training—extend to foreign language learning? In four experiments, we investigated the efficacy of interleaved versus conventional blocked practice for teaching adult learners to conjugate Spanish verbs in the preterite and imperfect past tenses. In the first two experiments, training occurred during a single session and interleaving between tenses began during the presentation of introductory content (Experiment 1) or during randomly ordered verb conjugation practice trials at the end of the training session (Experiment 2). This yielded, respectively, numerically higher performance in the blocked group and equivalent performance in the interleaved and blocked groups on a 2-day delayed test. In Experiments 3 and 4, the amount of training was increased across 2 weekly sessions in which the blocked group trained on 1 tense per session and the interleaved group trained on both tenses per session, with random interleaving occurring during verb conjugation practice trials. Interleaving yielded substantially better performance on a 1-week delayed test. Thus, although interleaving did not confer an advantage over blocking under 2 different single-session training schedules, it improved learning when used to practice conjugating verbs across multiple training sessions. These results constitute the first demonstration of an interleaving effect for foreign language learning.
Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: are there general patterns?

1 Possible patterns in nutrient resorption efficiency (% of the leaf nutrient pool resorbed) from senescing leaves of perennials were examined at both the intra- and the interspecific level. Most of the data used originated from studies with evergreen and deciduous shrubs and trees. 2 Combining all data, mean nutrient resorption efficiency was 50% for N (n = 287) and 52% for P (n = 226). N resorption efficiency of evergreen shrubs and trees (47%) was significantly lower than in deciduous shrubs and trees (54%), whereas P resorption efficiency did not differ significantly between these growth-forms (51 and 50%, respectively). Although nutrient resorption is an important nutrient conservation mechanism at the species level, it does not differ strongly between growth-forms. 3 Mean N and P concentrations in leaves of deciduous shrubs and trees were about 60% higher than in evergreen species. There were only small differences in mean resorption efficiency and nutrient concentrations in leaf litter of deciduous species were therefore much higher than in evergreens. This implies that, in comparison with deciduous species, the low nutrient concentrations in mature leaves of evergreens contribute far more to nutrient conservation than does nutrient resorption. 4 Relations between leaf nutrient status and leaf nutrient resorption were absent or very weak. Assuming that leaf nutrient status reflects nutrient availability, this implies that nutrient resorption is only weakly controlled by nutrient availability. 5 At the intraspecific level, nutrient resorption was not very responsive to increased nutrient availability. There was no response in 63% of the experiments analysed (covering 60 spp.), whereas in 32% there was a decrease in N resorption in response to increased nutrient availability. For P (37 species analysed) there was no response in 57% of the cases and in 35% of the cases P resorption decreased upon enhanced nutrient supply. Evergreen shrubs and trees showed especially low responsiveness. 6 This review shows that there are no clear nutritional controls on nutrient resorption efficiency. Future research should focus on the biochemical basis of variation in nutrient resorption efficiency and on the factors, other than nutrient availability, that control nutrient resorption efficiency.
Basics Fundamentals and the Applications of Queueing Theory

This paper characterizes the essential things of and infers fundamental Queuing systems. It starts with an review of some probability theory and after that characterizes forms used to examine Queuing systems, specifically the birth-death process. A couple of basic Queues are broke down regarding consistent state derivation before the paper talks about some endeavored field explore on the point.
Development of a scale for measuring learning stress in lower primary schools in north central Nigeria

This study developed a scale for measuring learning stress in lower primary schools in North Central, Nigeria. It identified the dimensions of learning stress in lower primary schools and as well determined the validity and reliability of the scale. It examined the relationship between learning stress in public and private schools, and also established the relationship between age and parental socio-economic status and the level of learning stress as measured by the scale. These are with a view to developing a reliable and valid scale for measuring children learning stress in lower primary schools. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population for the study comprised all teachers in the lower primary schools in North Central Nigeria. The sample comprised 800 ANALYSIS 56(296), August, 2020 DISCOVERY ISSN 2278–5469 EISSN 2278–5450
Involvement of clathrin and -arrestins in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans endocytosis of human vascular endothelial cells

Phosphorylcholine (PC) has been reported to help PC-bearing Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to gain access to the general circulation via interaction with the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) on endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that inhibition of clathrin and β-arrestins blocked bacterial PC binding to PAFR which signiﬁcantly attenuated A. actinomycetemcomitans invasion of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). These results demonstrated the involvement of clathrin and β-arrestins in PC-bearing A. actinomycetemcomitans invasion of HUVEC. Key words: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, clathrin, β-arrestins, human vascular endothelial cells.
Survival of Radiocollared Adult Moose in Lower Susitna River Valley, Southcentral Alaska

Estimates of survival for adult moose (Alces alces) are presented by sex, season, and calendar year (CY) for 204 (66 M, 138 F) radiocollared adult moose monitored from aircraft in lower Susitna River Vallev (LSRV) in southcentral Alaska during May 1980 through February 1991. Deaths were attributed to capture problems, hunter kills, defense of human life or property (DHLP), illegal harvest, collisions with trains, and unverified other causes. Capture-related deaths were not included in survival analyses. Hunter kills were mainly censored from survival calculations. Moose were censored from the study for loss of signal contact and shed radiocollars. Summer survival curves did not differ among CYs for females (P = 0.501) or for males (P = 0.819) or among sexes (CYs pooled; P = 0.817). Autumn survival curves did not differ among CYs for females (P = 0.617) or for males (P = 0.617); a difference was detected among sexes (CYs pooled; P < 0.001) with survival higher for females (0.98, SE = 0.007) than for males (0.90, SE = 0.032). We speculate that lower autumn survival in males was from bullet wounding, wounding from rut-related fights with other bull moose, illegal harvest, and fatal encounters with bears. Survival in winter and annual survival varied by sex and CY and was affected largely by mortality associated with accumulation of snow. Given low densities of wolves and no observations of wolf sign at mortality sites we contend that malnutrition was the main cause of mortality in deep snow winters. Nonhunting deaths of male moose in winter was not correlated negatively with hunter kills of males in the previous autumn-early winter. Moose managers should be cognizant of nonhunting mortality of males in autumn and snow conditions through mid-May to evaluate annual survival and to accurately predict size and composition of post-winter populations. Moose management programs should be sufficiently responsive to modify autumn harvest quotas in accordance with survival data collected the previous winter 5 months after autumn post-hunt population surveys.
Hindi hE ‘to be’ in Bangla – Issues in Machine Translation

The main verb hE ‘to be’ has been used in Hindi in the equative as well as existential sense. It also occurs as a verbalizer in complex predicate. Bangla, on the other hand, is either verbless or has a copula hOoyaa in equational sentence which is distinct from the existential verb aach. We observe that the drop of copula in Bangla has a close association with the appearance of classifier on the subject in those contexts. Hindi verb hE ‘to be’ in negative contexts is translated into two different negative verbs. All these factors make the task of automatic translation of Hindi verb hE ‘to be’ to Bangla very challanging. This paper intends to examine syntactic and semantic clues that will determine the translation of hE to the appropriate form (verbless or hOoyaa or aach) in a given context in Bangla. A set of tranfer rules has also been formulated as part of the transfer grammar module of Setu MT system. The rules transfer Hindi structure with the main verb hE ‘to be’ to the rightful structure in Bangla. 1.0 Introduction The main verb hE ‘to be’ has both copulative and non-copulative usages in Hindi. The task of translation of these two kinds of hE ‘to be’ in a genetically related language Bangla encounters the following issues: a. The copula hE ‘to be’ is generally absent in simple present tense in Bangla. b. However, there are contexts in which the copula has to be mandiatorily present in Bangla even in simple present tense. c. Bangla uses two different verbs for translating the Hindi verb hE ‘to be’: hOoyaa ‘to be’ in equational sense and aach ‘to be’ for non-copulative use such as existence. 1 hE , the 2 person singular non-honorific form (which is also the form for 3 sg), is taken as a citation form for ‘to be’ in this paper. 2 The verb hE ‘to be’ is also used as an auxiliary in Hindi. In this paper, we are not concerned about the auxiliary use of hE ‘to be’. The phrase “Hindi verb hE” is to be understood as “Hindi main verb hE” in this paper. 3 They are, however, present in other tenses and also in non-finite form. 4 Most Dravidian languages make a clear cut distinction between existential and equational sentences. In these languages equational sentences are either verbless or have a copula which is distinct from the existential verb. Lakshmi Bai (1986) comments that an examination of modern IA languages with regard to the ‘be’ verb leads to a clear cut division of them into two
Algorithm and VLSI Design for 1-Bit Data Detection in Massive MIMO-OFDM

The use of low-resolution data converters in the radio-frequency (RF) chains of all-digital massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) basestations promises significant reductions in power consumption, hardware costs, and interconnect bandwidth. We propose a quantization-aware data-detection algorithm which mitigates the performance loss of 1-bit quantized massive MIMO orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Since the system performance heavily depends on the quality of channel estimates, we also develop a nonlinear 1-bit channel estimation algorithm that builds upon the proposed data detection algorithm. We show that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform linear data detectors and channel estimators in terms of bit error rate. For the proposed nonlinear data detection algorithm, we develop a very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture and present implementation results on a Xilinx Virtex-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA). Our implementation results are, to the best of our knowledge, the first for 1-bit massive MU-MIMO-OFDM systems and demonstrate comparable hardware efficiency with respect to state-of-the-art linear data detectors designed for systems with high-resolution data converters, while achieving lower bit error rate.