Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planar dual-frequency three-way Wilkinson power dividers with open-circuited stubs

Planar dual-frequency three-way Wilkinson power dividers with open-circuited stubs are discussed. Quarter-wavelength transmission lines of a conventional planar three-way power divider are transformed to equivalent structures presented by Cheng. However, the characteristic impedances of resultant transmission lines tend to be high. In this paper, possibilities for dual-frequency operations are discussed. Theoretical considerations are verified using a simulator of ADS2008U and by an experiment.
[Effect of hydroxyethyl starch on intracranial pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effect of hydroxyethyl starch on colloidal osmotic pressure (COP), and its effect on intracranial pressure (ICP) in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Twenty four male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and the hydroxyethyl starch group, each n =8. Cerebral I/R model was reproduced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by reperfusion after ischemia for 2 hours. Rats in hydroxyethyl starch group received hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4206 ml × kg(-1)× d(-1) ia tail vein at the beginning of reperfusion. ICP and COP were evaluated at 0, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours after the surgery. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation. The water content of the right hemisphere was measured at 24 hours after the surgery, and the ratio of apoptosis of neurons was observed by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS Two hours after surgery the ICP (mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) of model group and hydroxyethyl starch group was significantly increased compared with sham operation group (11.50 ± 1.43, 12.48 ± 0.75 vs. 7.95 ± 0.92, both P <0.05). With prolongation of time, the ICP gradually increased and reached the peak at 24 hours (22.76 ± 0.72, 23.32 ± 0.98 vs. 8.15 ± 1.09, both P <0.05). But there was no significant difference in ICP in the hydroxyethyl starch group compared with that of the model group at all time points. The COP (mm Hg) of hydroxyethyl starch group was significantly higher than the model group and sham operation group at each time point, and peaked at 6 hours after surgery (13.49 ± 0.50 vs. 12.04 ± 0.47, 12.00 ± 0.39, both P <0.01). There was no significant difference in COP between the model group and the sham operation group at all time points. The brain water content, neuronal apoptosis of hydroxyethyl starch group and model group was significantly higher than sham operation group [brain water content: (80.16 ± 0.44)%, (80.59 ± 0.67)% vs. (78.72 ± 0.52)%; neuronal apoptosis:(44.27 ± 7.86)%,(42.82 ± 7.82)%vs. (3.26 ± 0.00)%, P <0.05 or P <0.01], but there was no significant difference between the hydroxyethyl starch group and model group (both P >0.05). CONCLUSION Intravenous injection of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can increase the plasma COP, but it can not significantly reduce ICP and brain water content, and it also can not improve the neuronal apoptosis.
Physicochemical and dissolution profile characterization of pellets containing different binders obtained by the extrusion-spheronization process

Com a finalidade de se avaliar o comportamento de diferentes polimeros empregados como aglutinantes em pellets de pequeno diâmetro para uso oral foram preparadas formulacoes contendo paracetamol e um dos seguintes polimeros: PVP, PEG 1500, hidroxipropilmetilcelulose e metilcelulose por apresentarem diferentes propriedades aglutinantes. Os pellets foram obtidos pelo processo de extrusao/esferonizacao e secagem em leito fluidizado. Para avaliar a liberacao do farmaco, empregou-se o metodo 3 da Farmacopeia Americana, tambem conhecido como Bio-Dis e o metodo preconizado pela mesma farmacopeia para comprimidos de paracetamol. Os pellets foram avaliados, ainda, com relacao a granulometria, friabilidade, densidade verdadeira e teor. Os resultados indicaram que os diferentes aglutinantes empregados sao capazes de afetar a producao e algumas das caracteristicas fisico-quimicas dos pellets e o ensaio de dissolucao revelou que as formulacoes comportam-se como produtos de liberacao imediata. Os pellets obtidos apresentaram caracteristicas de liberacao favoraveis para a obtencao de comprimidos de liberacao instantânea. O aparato 3 da Farmacopeia Americana demonstrou ser um metodo com melhor capacidade discriminatoria entre as formulacoes, quando comparado com o metodo da cesta.
Lactate and lactate clearance in acute cardiac care patients

Hyperlactataemia is commonly used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in intensive care settings. Recent studies documented that serial lactate measurements over time (or lactate clearance), may be clinically more reliable than lactate absolute value for risk stratification in different pathological conditions. While the negative prognostic role of hyperlactataemia in several critical ill diseases (such as sepsis and trauma) is well established, data in patients with acute cardiac conditions (i.e. acute coronary syndromes) are scarce and controversial. The present paper provides an overview of the current available evidence on the clinical role of lactic acid levels and lactate clearance in acute cardiac settings (acute coronary syndromes, cardiogenic shock, cardiac surgery), focusing on its prognostic role.
Pulse Width and Pulse Frequency Modulation Pattern Controlled Active Clamp ZVS Inverter Link AC-DC Power Converter Utility AC Side Active Power Filtering Function for Consumer Magnetron Driver

The grid voltage of commercial utility power source in Japan and USA is 100 rms, but in China and European countries, it is 200 Vrms. In recent years, in Japan 200 Vrms out putted single phase three wire system begins to be used for high power applications. In 100 Vrms utility AC power applications and systems, an active voltage clamped quasi-resonant inverter circuit topology using IGBTs has been effectively used so far for the consumer microwave oven. In this paper, presented is a half bridge type voltage-clamped high-frequency inverter type AC-DC converter using which is designed for consumer magnetron drive used as the consumer microwave oven in 200 V utility AC power system. This zero voltage soft switching inverter can use the same power rated switching semiconductor devices and three-winding high frequency transformer as those of the active voltage clamped quasi-resonant inverter using the IGBTs that has already been used for 100 Vrms utility AC power source. The operating performances of the voltage source single ended push pull type inverter are evaluated and discussed for consumer microwave oven. The harmonic line current components in the utility AC power side of the AC-DC power converter operating at ZVS-PWM strategy reduced and improved on the basis of sine wave like pulse frequency modulation and sine wave like pulse width modulation for the utility AC voltage source.
Intralesional Bleomycin: A Potential Treatment for Refractory Orbital Lymphangiomas

The authors present 4 cases of orbital lymphangioma that had not responded to conventional therapy but responded positively to intralesional bleomycin injections. In this retrospective case series, patients were recruited from the Oculoplastics Clinic at Tygerberg Academic Hospital with histologic and/or radiologic evidence of microcystic and macrocytic deep and/or combined orbital lymphangioma. All 4 cases had multiple prior intralesional steroid injections. Three had previous intralesional bevacizumab, and 2 had prior radiotherapy. Under anesthesia, a solution containing 1 IU bleomycin per milliliter saline together with 2% lignocaine was injected in the lesion. Retreatments were performed every 4 to 8 weeks if needed. A total of 1 to 6 intralesional bleomycin injections were used to treat the 4 cases. All 4 cases showed significant regression with marked clinical improvement. No systemic or ophthalmic side effects were noted. From this series, the authors suggest that intralesional bleomycin injections might be considered as a first-line agent in cases of untreated microcystic and macrocytic deep and/or superficial orbital lymphangiomas or as an alternative treatment option for refractory cases.
Butyrate Restores Motile Function and Actin Cytoskeletal Network Integrity in Apc Mutated Mouse Colon Epithelial Cells

Loss of function of the Apc gene product is an early and frequent event in colorectal carcinogenesis. Altered migration of intestinal epithelial cells has been described in vivo in the Min mouse Apc+/Min model. Using cell lines established from this model we show in vitro that Apc+/Min cells are less motile than Apc+/+ cells and exhibit a disordered actin cytoskeletal network. This would increase the probabilities of the initiated cell to acquire additional genetic alterations leading to neoplasia. Butyrate, a product of indigestible carbohydrate fermentation by the colonic flora, is able to restore both motility and actin cytoskeletal organization. This feature may contribute to explain the protective effect exerted by butyrogenic diets on colon carcinogenesis in animal models.
Endolymphatic Sac Surgery for Ménière’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective To analyze current endolymphatic surgery techniques and quantify their efficacy in controlling vertigo and maintaining hearing in the short and long term. Data Sources A comprehensive literature search using the PubMed-NCBI database from 1970 to 2013. Study Selection Articles on sac decompression and mastoid shunt (with and without silastic) were included. Included studies had to report data using the 1985 or 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Foundation (AAO-HNS) guidelines, describe surgical technique in detail, include a minimum of 10 patients, and have minimum 12 months of follow-up. Data Extraction Endpoints were vertigo control and hearing preservation using AAO-HNS guidelines. Analysis included short-term (>12 mo) and long-term (>24 mo) follow-up. Data Synthesis Data analysis was performed using MedCalc 12.7. 0. Each article was weighted according to the number of patients treated. Analysis of pooled proportion was performed, and Freeman–Tukey transformation was used to correct for probable variance. A t test (of proportions) was performed to compare differences between groups. Conclusion Endolymphatic sac surgery (sac decompression or mastoid shunt) is effective at controlling vertigo in the short term (>1 yr of follow-up) and long term (>24 mo) in at least 75% of patients with Ménière’s disease who have failed medical therapy. Sac decompression and mastoid shunting techniques provide similar vertigo control rates. Mastoid shunting, with and without silastic, also provides similar vertigo control rates. Non-use of silastic, however, seems to maintain stable or improved hearing in more patients compared to silastic sheet placement. The data suggest that, once the sac is opened, placing silastic does not add benefit and may be deleterious.
Construction and Assessment of Classification Rules

We may not be able to make you love reading, but construction and assessment of classification rules will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
Modeling and Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter-Based HVDC System Under Unbalanced Grid Conditions

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an emerging and attractive topology for the high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission system. This paper presents a generalized mathematical model for MMC in HVDC applications under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. The dynamics of the positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence components are derived from the model. Then, a dual current control scheme with positive- and negative-sequence current controllers is applied to MMC. The power controller to eliminate negative-sequence current components and the other one to eliminate double-line-frequency voltage ripple are compared. Moreover, a zero-sequence current controller is proposed in addition to the positive- and negative-sequence current controllers. Time-domain simulations on a 61-level MMC-HVDC test system are performed in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment. The results demonstrate that the MMC-HVDC system with or without converter transformer is able to operate under unbalanced conditions by the use of the proposed control scheme.
Genetic and Biochemical Manipulations of the Small Ribosomal Subunit from Thermus thermophilus HB8

Abstract Crystals of the small ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus diffract to 3Å and exhibit reasonable isomorphism and moderate resistance to irradiation. A 5Å MIR map of this particle shows a similar shape to the part assigned to this particle within the cryo-EM reconstructions of the whole ribosome and contains regions interpretable either as RNA chains or as protein motifs. To assist phasing at higher resolution we introduced recombinant methods aimed at extensive selenation for MAD phasing. We are focusing on several ribosomal proteins that can be quantitatively detached by chemical means. These proteins can be modified and subsequently reconstituted into depleted ribosomal cores. They also can be used for binding heavy atoms, by incorporating chemically reactive binding sites, such as -SH groups, into them. In parallel we are co-crystallizing the ribosomal particles with tailor made ligands, such as antibiotics or cDNA to which heavy-atoms have been attached or diffuse the latter compounds into already formed crystals.
Improving scenario selection for simulations by run-time control-flow analysis

Cyber-physical systems like active safety systems in recent vehicles are significantly driven by software and rely predominantly on data that is perceived by cameras, laser scanners, and the like from the system's environment. For example, these sensor-based systems realize pedestrian protection function-alities, which cannot be tested under simplified conditions on proving grounds only or by arbitrary test-runs on public roads anymore. Instead, simulative environments are used nowadays, which provide the virtual surroundings for such a system where its real input sources are replaced with simplified sensor models. Thus, interactive and hazard-free system tests and automated system evaluations can be carried out easily. However, the simple strategy to run all available modeled traffic scenarios in the simulation on any change of the implementation would consume too much computation time to provide effective and fast feedback for developers. In this article, an improved strategy for selecting scenarios that shall be run in a simulation based on run-time control-flow analysis is proposed, which resulted from the in-depth analysis of the revision history of the source code and their accompanying simulations for two self-driving vehicles. The outlined strategy is evaluated on a self-driving miniature vehicle.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome

The arrest of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome maturation in infected macrophages is a phenomenon of dual significance both for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and as a model system to study interference of microbes with membrane trafficking and organelle biogenesis in host cells. Among other factors, compartment‐specialized regulators of vesicular trafficking and other parts of membrane fusion machinery are likely to play a role in these processes. Here we summarize the emerging view of mycobacterial phagosome maturation arrest in the context of the dynamic processes of intracellular membrane trafficking.
Breast and trunk oedema after treatment for breast cancer

Lymphoedema Practitioner, Napier University/NHS Lothian School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Care, Edinburgh Arm lymphoedema is a commonly recognised complication of breast cancer treatment (Franks et al, 2006). Given that the arm, breast and adjacent trunk quadrant share lymph drainage routes via the axilla, it is not surprising that oedema also occurs in the ipsilateral trunk quadrant and breast, with or without arm swelling, after breast cancer treatment (Figures 1 and 2). Breast and trunk oedema have a significant impact on quality of life and are associated with pain, reduced function, and tissue change and distor tion (Figure 3). They may, however, be ignored or minimised and assumed to be common sideeffects of breast cancer treatment that will resolve in time (Jeffs, 2006). Additionally, no fully validated method exists to measure oedema in these areas. Skilled assessment and management of breast and trunk oedema by specialist lymphoedema practitioners in par tnership with patients will alleviate and often resolve the problem. This paper will highlight relevant epidemiology, explore the impact of breast and trunk oedema on the patient and discuss assessment and management approaches. Breast and trunk oedema can occur with or without arm lymphoedema following breast cancer treatment and are often dismissed as common side-effects that will resolve. This paper discusses relevant epidemiology, explores the impact on patients and discusses assessment and management approaches including manual lymph drainage (MLD), compression therapy and Kinesio Taping methods. A number of issues are raised, including the lack of fully validated tools to identify and quantify breast and trunk oedema and the need for further research in this area of lymphoedema management. Anne Williams
Current Concepts for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Genital Tract Shedding

SUMMARY Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a DNA virus that is efficiently transmitted through intimate genital tract contact and causes persistent infection that cannot be eliminated. HSV-2 may cause frequent, symptomatic self-limited genital ulcers, but in most persons infection is subclinical. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the virus is frequently shed from genital surfaces even in the absence of signs or symptoms of clinical disease and that the virus can be transmitted during these periods of shedding. Furthermore, HSV-2 shedding is detected throughout the genital tract and may be associated with genital tract inflammation, which likely contributes to increased risk of HIV acquisition. This review focuses on HSV diagnostics, as well as what we have learned about the importance of frequent genital HSV shedding for (i) HSV transmission and (ii) genital tract inflammation, as well as (iii) the impact of HSV-2 infection on HIV acquisition and transmission. We conclude with discussion of future areas of research to push the field forward.
Maximal physiological responses between aquatic and land exercise in overweight women.

PURPOSE To investigate the maximal physiological responses between aquatic and land-based graded exercise tests in overweight women. METHODS Twenty healthy, overweight (body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg.m(-2)), Caucasian women (mean +/- SD; age 48 +/- 7 yr, BMI 30 +/- 4 kg.m(-2)) completed a deep water running (DWR) and treadmill walking (TMW) graded exercise test. Maximal responses during the DWR and TMW graded exercise tests were compared using paired t-tests. Comparisons were made in the incidence of achievement of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) criteria between DWR and TMW protocols. Criteria were a plateau in VO2 (change < 2.1 mL.kg.min(-1)), heart rate (HR) equal to or above the age-adjusted maximum, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) > or = 1.15. RESULTS Maximal responses for VO2max (22.5 +/- 4.86 vs 27.7 +/- 4.73 mL.kg.min(-1)), HRmax (159 +/- 16 vs 170 +/- 12 bpm), and RER (1.03 +/- 0.06 vs 1.10 +/- 0.06) were significantly lower (P < 0.01) for the DWR test compared with the TMW test, respectively. Achievement of various VO2max criteria was demonstrated more consistently during the TMW test than the DWR test. CONCLUSION Maximal physiological responses of overweight women to DWR and TMW are significantly different but are comparable with other populations. As the maximal responses for DWR compared with TMW differ, the use of land-based criteria for VO2max is not recommended for a graded DWR exercise test.
A problem-solving based computer-assisted tutorial for the earth sciences

This study investigated the effects of a Problem-Solving based Computer-Assisted Tutorial (PSCAT) on earth science achievement and attitudes toward earth science of tenth graders (16-year olds) in a senior high school in Taiwan. A total of 137 students who were enrolled in four earth science classes participated in this pre-test/post-test control-group experiment. The experimental groups received the PSCAT; whereas the comparison groups received a Lecture-Internet-Discussion (LID) teaching approach. A multivariate analysis of covariance on the post-test scores of the Earth Science Achievement Test and Attitudes Toward Earth Science Inventory, with students' pre-test scores as the covariates, suggested that PSCAT produced (almost) significantly greater gains on students' earth science achievement than did the LID approach and that no statistically significant increase or decrease in student attitudes toward earth science was found for either group.
Room-temperature fabrication of flexible gallium-doped zinc oxide thin-film transistors on plastic substrates

Bottom-gate-type oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) on flexible plastic substrates have been fabricated, with Gallium-doped ZnO (GZO) by radio frequency (RF) sputtering as the channel material at room temperature. The devices use SiO2 as gate insulator and indium tin oxide (ITO) as gate, source and drain electrodes. To optimize performance of AZO TFTs, we studied effects of different oxygen/argon gas flow ratio on electrical properties of TFTs. We found that O2/Ar flow ratio influence the performance of GZO TFTs very significantly. Finally, we gained high performance GZO TFTs with excellent electrical properties, such as a drain current on/off ratio of 107, a subthreshold swing of 394mV/decade, a threshold voltage of 3.2V, and a field effect mobility of 20.7cm2/ V·s in saturation region.
Distinct actions of Akt1 and Akt2 in skeletal muscle differentiation

Differentiation, maturation, and repair of skeletal muscle requires ongoing cooperation between signaling cascades activated by hormones and growth factors, and intrinsic regulatory programs controlled by myogenic transcription factors. The insulin‐like growth factor—phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase—Akt pathway has been implicated in muscle growth and regeneration after injury, in counteracting sarcopenia during aging, and in maintaining muscle cell viability. Here we present evidence for distinct roles for Akt1 and Akt2 in different phases of muscle differentiation. Targeted knockdown of either Akt had no effect on C2 myoblast proliferation, even though Akt1 concentrations are markedly higher than Akt2 levels under growth‐promoting conditions. Akt2 concentrations rose by nearly an order of magnitude during muscle differentiation, while Akt1 levels remained constant, yet loss of either protein did not increase myoblast death. Rather, knockdown or genetic knockout of Akt1 blocked differentiation at its earliest stages, preventing induction of muscle‐specific proteins and inhibiting formation of multinucleated myofibers, while myoblasts lacking Akt2 differentiated normally, although resultant myofibers were thinner and incorporated fewer nuclei than controls. Forced expression of knockdown‐resistant Akt1 partially reversed the deficit in differentiation seen in myoblasts lacking Akt1. Our results define isoform‐specific Akt actions in muscle cells, and demonstrate that both Akts are necessary for full myoblast differentiation and maturation. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 503–511, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.