Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 5 (IL‐5) and Its Receptor

The antibody response to infectious microbes is regulated by a series of interaction among T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Each B cell is genetically determined to maturate antibody (immunoglobulin, Ig)-producing cells against a distinct antigenic determinant on an infectious microbe, and the antibody produced plays a key role in the Immoral immune response against invading microorganisms. The B cell response to an antigen is regulated by a helper T cell responding to, and specific for, the same antigen molecule. Helper T cells recognize antigenic peptides in context of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on B cells, and secrete several soluble factors which can induce growth and maturation of B cells (23, 28, 36). IL-5 was initially described as a factor that induces terminal differentiation of already activated murine B cells into Ig-secreting cells and originally designated as T-cell-replacing factor (TRF) (56, 65). The establishment of a TRF-producing T-cell hybrid B151K12 (B151) which does not secrete detectable levels of other lymphokines affecting B cells demonstrated that TRF is a lymphokine distinct from IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-r) (63, 64). TRF produced by B151 was purified to homogeneity and shown to promote DNA synthesis of murine chronic B cell leukemic cells, BCL1 or of dextran sulfate-stimulated normal B cells, and this activity of TRF is called B-cell growth factor (BCGF) II activity (17, 58). We prepared rat anti-mouse TRF mAb (TB13 and NC17) by using HPLCpurified B151-TRF as irnmunogens (18). Both TB13 and NC17 mAbs blocked biological activity of B151-TRF on B cells and BCL1 cells, whereas they did not inhibit biological activities of other cytokines. B151-TRF was purified by using TB 13-coupled immunoaffinity column and found to have an approximate molecular mass of 46 kDa under nonreducing conditions and of 23 to 26 kDa under reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE analysis, indicating that B151-TRF comprises a dimer form. The molecular cloning of complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding murine TRF has convincingly demonstrated that a single molecule is responsible for both TRF and BCGFII activities (27, 42). Although TRF was initially believed to be principally active on B cells, recombinant TRF/BCGFII has been shown to be active on T cells and eosinophil progenitors as well as mature eosinophils (42, 66, 77). We therefore proposed that TRF/BCGFII be called IL-5.
Factors Associated With Iron Status Among WIC Infants and Toddlers in Rural West Virginia

Iron deficiency severe enough to cause anemia may affect children’s ability to grow and learn and, consequently, their lifelong productivity and earnings. This study examined the iron status of infants and toddlers ages 6-24 months with a prevalence of anemia of at least 10 percent participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in West Virginia counties. Blood screening performed especially for this study found that 12 of the 57 infants and toddlers (21 percent) were iron deficient, considerably more than the 4 of 49 (8 percent) with anemia. Because the screening methods routinely performed outside of the study are unable to detect iron deficiency before it progresses to anemia, primary prevention of iron deficiency is the only option that may be universally applied. Expert feeding recommendations—such as introducing iron-rich complementary foods after 6 months of age and limiting consumption of milk among children ages 12-24 months to no more than 24 ounces—are useful for promoting adequate intake of readily-available iron and may help prevent iron deficiency. Factors Associated With Iron Status Among WIC Infants and Toddlers in Rural West Virginia Contractor and Cooperator Report No. 35 December 2007 By Cindy Fitch, West Virginia University This study was conducted by West Virginia University under a cooperative research contract with USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) Food and Nutrition Assistance Research Program (FANRP): contract number 43-3AEM-0-80073 (ERS project representative: Elizabeth Frazao). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of ERS or USDA.
The fibrin cross‐linking debate: cross‐linked γ‐chains in fibrin fibrils bridge ‘transversely’ between strands: yes

My intent in this debate is to evaluate the evidence for or against the proposition that cross-linked c-chains in an assembled fibrin fibril are located transversely . Iwill take theaffirmativeposition andpresent the issues inanhistorical framework.For the sakeof brevity some reports are presented in summaryonly, and articles that were either redundant or that provided only a minor increment in support for either cross-linking hypothesis were omitted. (A detailed review of this subject up to 2001 has been published [1]. More recently reported fibrin-fragment E template experiments [2] include a comprehensive discussion on similar experiments by Veklich et al. [3].)
Effect of the stable thromboxane derivative, carbocyclic thromboxane A2, on membrane potential of rat myenteric neurones in culture

Abstract The effects of carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (cTXA2; 10−6 mol L−1) on membrane potential and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were measured with the whole‐cell patch‐clamp or the fura‐2 method, respectively, at rat myenteric ganglia. cTXA2 caused a hyperpolarization of myenteric neurones from −19.3 ± 2.5 to −29.3 ± 2.3 mV. In addition, the eicosanoid potentiated the carbachol‐induced depolarization from 4.2 ± 1.0 mV under control conditions to 11.1 ± 1.1 mV in the presence of the cTXA2 (n = 9). The hyperpolarization was abolished by internal application of CsCl (140 mmol L−1), a non‐selective blocker of K+ channels, or EGTA (11 mmol L−1in the pipette solution), a chelator of intracellular Ca2+. A similar inhibition was observed in the presence of charybdotoxin (10−7 mol L−1).
Discrete-time fractional-order power system stabilizers

This paper introduces a new discrete-time fractional-order power system stabilizers (DTFoPSS) that can be used to stabilize synchronous machines connected to infinite bus subject to both local and inter-area mode of oscillations. The dynamics of the proposed stabilizers are of second-order IIR-type controllers that depend only on the fractional order 0 <; α ≤ 1. The DTFoPSS will be used in both single and multi-machine infinite bus systems triggered by severe disturbances. The flat phase characteristics make the DTFoPSS more appealing to adopt than their integer-order counterparts. They outperformed the continuous integer-order power system stabilizers (IoPSS) in single-machine infinite-bus systems, while exhibit identical performance to that of the IoPSS in multi-machine ones. The main points of this work are demonstrated via numerical simulations.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Low Dose cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin) Combined with UFT and PSK in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

It is well known that cell-mediated immunity is suppressed in patients with neoplastic diseases. We have reported that soluble receptors for interleukin-2 (sIL-2R) and tumor necosis factor (sTNF-R1) are elevated in the serum of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The presence of these soluble receptors and immunosuppressive cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), might be important in the mechanisms of immunosuppression. cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) has been reported to immunomodulate, especially when used in low dose in combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). In this study, cisplatin and UFT, a form of uracil and tegafur which is a prodrug of 5-FU, were administered with immunomodulator Polysaccharide K (PSK) to ten patients with colorectal cancer, who showed distant metastasis in the liver or lung, and the serum levels of sIL-2R and sTNF-R1 and the production of γ-interferon (γ-INF) and interleukin-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured. The serum concentrations of sIL-2R and the production of IL-10 were reduced (p<0.05) after 2 months of treatment. Thus, this combination appeared to have immunomodulative potential in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Cardiac Emergency Response Planning for Schools

A sudden cardiac arrest in school or at a school event is potentially devastating to families and communities. An appropriate response to such an event—as promoted by developing, implementing, and practicing a cardiac emergency response plan (CERP)—can increase survival rates. Understanding that a trained lay-responder team within the school can make a difference in the crucial minutes between the time when the victim collapses and when emergency medical services arrive empowers school staff and can save lives. In 2015, the American Heart Association convened a group of stakeholders to develop tools to assist schools in developing CERPs. This article reviews the critical components of a CERP and a CERP team, the factors that should be taken into account when implementing the CERP, and recommendations for policy makers to support CERPs in schools.
Factors Associated with Fidelity to Substance Use Prevention Curriculum Guides in the Nation's Middle Schools

Teachers' fidelity of implementation of substance use prevention curricula is widely considered desirable and is linked empirically to effectiveness. The authors examine factors pertinent to teachers' fidelity to curricula guides, using data from a nationally representative sample of 1,905 lead substance use prevention teachers in the nation's public and private schools. Findings suggest that about one-fifth of teachers of substance use prevention curricula did not use a curriculum guide at all, whereas only 15% reported they followed one very closely. Positively associated with adherence were teachers' discretion in their coverage of prevention lessons, beliefs concerning the effectiveness of the most recent training they received and the curricula they taught, and level of support they received from their principals for substance use prevention. The authors conclude that some degree of curriculum adaptation is inevitable and suggest how adherence to curricula guides may be improved through teacher training.
Separation of PP2A core enzyme and holoenzyme with monoclonal antibodies against the regulatory A subunit: abundant expression of both forms in cells

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme is composed of a catalytic subunit, C, and two regulatory subunits, A and B. The A subunit is rod shaped and consists of 15 nonidentical repeats. According to our previous model, the B subunit binds to repeats 1 through 10 and the C subunit binds to repeats 11 through 15 of the A subunit. Another form of PP2A, core enzyme, is composed only of subunits A and C. It is generally believed that core enzyme does not exist in cells but is an artifact of enzyme purification. To study the structure and relative abundance of different forms of PP2A, we generated monoclonal antibodies against the native A subunit. Two antibodies, 5H4 and 1A12, recognized epitopes in repeat 1 near the N terminus and immunoprecipitated free A subunit and core enzyme but not holoenzyme. Another antibody, 6G3, recognized an epitope in repeat 15 at the C terminus and precipitated only the free A subunit. Monoclonal antibodies against a peptide corresponding to the N-terminal 11 amino acids of the A alpha subunit (designated 6F9) precipitated free A subunit, core enzyme, and holoenzyme. 6F9, but not 5H4, recognized holoenzymes containing either B, B', or B" subunits. These results demonstrate that B subunits from three unrelated gene families all bind to repeat 1 of the A subunit, and the results confirm and extend our model of the holoenzyme. By sequential immunoprecipitations with 5H4 or 1A12 followed by 6F9, core enzyme and holoenzyme in cytoplasmic extracts from 10T1/2 cells were completely separated and they exhibited the expected specificities towards phosphorylase a and retinoblastoma peptide as substrates. Quantitative analysis showed that under conditions which minimized proteolysis and dissociation of holoenzyme, core enzyme represented at least one-third of the total PP2A. We conclude that core enzyme is an abundant form in cells rather than an artifact of isolation. The biological implications of this finding are discussed.
Diagnostic performance of automated liquid culture and molecular line probe assay in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

The diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is particularly challenging, and automated liquid culture and molecular line probe assays (LPA) may prove particularly useful. The objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of automated liquid culture (ALC) technology and commercial LPA in sputum smear-negative PTB suspects. Spot sputum samples were collected from 145 chest-symptomatic smear-negative patients and subjected to ALC, direct drug susceptibility test (DST) testing and LPA, as per manufacturers’ instructions. A diagnostic yield of 26.2% was observed among sputum smear-negative TB suspects with 47.4% of the culture isolates being either INH- and/or rifampicin-resistant. Complete agreement was observed between the results of ALC assay and LPA except for two isolates which demonstrated sensitivity to INH and rifampicin at direct DST but were rifampicin-resistant in LPA. Two novel mutations were also detected among the multidrug isolates by LPA. In view of the diagnostic challenges associated with the diagnosis of TB in sputum smear-negative patients, our study demonstrates the applicability of ALC and LPA in establishing diagnostic evidence of TB.
Vibration tests on prototypes of ultrasound array transducer: Evaluation of soldering electrical performances

Mechanical stresses, as vibrations, are the main common types of solicitation to which electronic equipment can be subjected during its useful life. For this reason drop or shock tests become important for such device; the use of a shaker system, able to produce sinusoidal and random vibrations, can simulate the operating conditions in a less expensive and faster way. In this paper the planning and implementation of vibration tests on prototypes of piezoelectric transducers is proposed. In fact the devices taken into consideration are subjected to an innovative soldering process in compliance to RoHS directive. In particular, silver conductive adhesive as soldering material is used and measurements of the electrical resistance are carried out in order to evaluate the resistance degree of the samples to mechanical stresses.
Signalling Pathway Mediated by CXCR7, an Alternative Chemokine Receptor for Stromal‐Cell Derived Factor‐1α, in AtT20 Mouse Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone‐Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Cells

Stromal cell‐derived factor (SDF)‐1 and its receptor, CXCR4, have been identified in both neurones and glia of many brain areas. Previous studies have mainly focused on the role of SDF‐1 and CXCR4 in modulating the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis and their possible involvement in the development of pituitary adenomas. An alternative SDF‐1 receptor, CXCR7, has recently been identified, but it has not been studied in the context of pituitary adenomas. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution and function of CXCR7 in pituitary adenomas. The expression of CXCR7, normalised to β‐actin, was assessed by tissue microarray analysis of 62 adenomas, including 23 growth hormone (GH)‐producing adenomas, 22 nonfunctioning adenomas, seven prolactin (PRL)‐producing adenomas, six adrenocorticotrophic hormone‐producing adenomas and four thyroid‐stimulating hormone‐producing adenomas. In vitro functional studies used RNA interference (RNAi) and cDNA microarray analysis to evaluate the CXCR7 signalling pathway in AtT‐20 mouse pituitary adenoma cells treated with recombinant mouse SDF‐1α and transfected with RNAi against Cxcr7 or control RNAi. In tissue microarray analysis, prominent expression of CXCR7 was observed in GH‐producing adenomas and PRL‐producing adenomas, and in macroadenomas (P < 0.05). Intracellular signalling via CXCR7 up‐regulated Bub1, Cdc29 and Ccnb1, and down‐regulated Asns, Gpt, Pycr1, Cars and Dars. The present study demonstrates that the SDF‐1α/CXCR7 signalling pathway regulates genes involved in cell cycle control, amino acid metabolism and ligase activity, which comprise targets that are distinct from those of CXCR4.
The interaction between p53 and papillomaviruses.

The p53 tumour suppressor is one of the host's principal defences against viral replication and subsequent cell transformation. The human papillomaviruses have evolved an elaborate strategy whereby the viral E6 proteins directly target p53 for ubiquitin mediated degradation and thus overcome the inhibitory effects of p53. However, a more detailed picture of the HPV*b1p53 interaction is now emerging in which there is a complex interplay between both positive and negative effectors of these interactions. This demonstrates the existence of a finely balanced virus*b1host relationship which, on rare occasion, fails and initiates the processes that ultimately lead to malignancy.
Analysis and comparative study of reference based adaptive control system for serial mechanisms

Motion control accuracy of robotic manipulators affects the overall robotic system performance. When the end-effector grabs different payloads, the joint motion of robotic manipulators will vary. Traditional controllers have the problem of not being able to compensate the payload variation effect. Model reference adaptive control has been proposed to address the above problem. Advances and issues of the model reference adaptive control for serial robotic mechanisms are presented in this paper. Some existing methods for the model reference adaptive control design issues are discussed and compared to further summarize and improve the methodologies in the model reference adaptive control of serial robotic mechanisms. Very few recent papers can be found in the area of model reference adaptive control of robotic manipulators, this paper will provide a guideline for future research in the direction of model reference adaptive control for robotic mechanisms.
Identifying unmet health needs in older people: comprehensive screening is not the answer.

The case for routine comprehensive screening for unmet health needs in the older population has collapsed. A very large randomised controlled trial in the UK has demonstrated that there are little or no benefits to quality of life or health outcomes from population screening,1 endorsing the deletion of the obligation to offer annual screening from the contract for general practice in Britain. The evidence of benefit from such whole population screening had always been thin, and the UK's ‘75 and over checks’ had stalled long before they disappeared quietly from the new GP contract, suggesting that a mechanistic approach to needs assessment without a robust evidence base makes both bad science and bad policy.2 In contrast, the editorial3 accompanying the paper by Fletcher et al 1 concluded that people over 75 should be offered ‘preventative home visits’ and argued that ‘the common core is the multidimensional geriatric assessment, which helps to identify and manage the multiple problems and risks of older people’. The belief that screening could prevent functional impairment in older people has had an enduring appeal to researchers, clinicians, and older people, since the original study by Williamson.4 The accumulating evidence against the value of whole population screening is not going to extinguish this enthusiasm for intervention, and nor should it, since there is some evidence that needs assessment of older people followed by active management may improve survival and function.3 Efforts to improve the health of an ageing population should logically focus on a two-stage process, with case finding leading to highly selective comprehensive geriatric assessment, as advocated by GPs over a decade …
NF 1-associated pilocytic astrocytoma Somatic neurofibromatosis type 1 ( NF 1 ) inactivation characterizes Material Supplemental

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2013/01/02/gr.142604. 112.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/23/3/431.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 66 articles, 18 of which can be accessed free at: License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ described at a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the
SHENQI DETOXIFICATION GRANULE INHIBITS FIBROSIS IN ADENINE INDUCED CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE RATS

Background: Progressive fibrosis accompanies all chronic renal disease, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF,) and platelet-derived growth factor-B, (PDGF-B,) play important roles in extra-cellular matrix abnormal accumulation, while endothelin -1 (ET-1) nitric oxide (NO,) are related to endothelial dysfunction, which mediates the progression of renal fibrosis. Shenqi Detoxification Granule (SDG), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been used for treatment of chronic renal failure in clinic for many years. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the efficacy, and explore the mechanism of SDG to inhibit the progression of renal fibrosis, study was carried out using the adenine-induced Wister rats as the CRF model, and losartan as postive control drug. Levels of serum creatinine [Scr], and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin (ALB), 24hrs, urine protein (24hUP), triacylglycerol (TG), and cholesterol (CHO), together with ET-1, and NO were detected. Pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by HE, staining. In addition, CTGF and PDGF-B expression were analyzed by immuno-histo-chemistry. Results:The results indicated that SDG can effectively reduce Scr, BUN, 24hUP, TG, and CHO levels, increase ALB levels, inhibit renal tissue damage in CRF rats, and the mechanism maybe reduce PDGF-B, CTGF expression and ET-1/NO. Conclusion: Shenqi Detoxification Granule is a beneficial treatment for chronic renal failure.
Intraspecific variations in home range overlaps of a semi-free range herbivore are explained by remotely sensed productivity

In this study, we used remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) as a measure of food abundance to explain intraspecific home range overlap of Global Positioning System (GPS) collared semi-free range herbivores (Bos taurus). We then tested whether seasonality (estimated using the coefficient of variation of EVI) was related to intensity of home range overlap. We also tested whether the intensity of home range overlap was related to distance from water, particularly during the dry season. We determined the intensity of home range overlap using the Utilization Distribution Overlap Index. We then modelled the intensity of home range overlap as a function of seasonality. Results show that intensity of home range overlap varied with seasonality in a non-linear U-shaped manner. In addition, results showed that at both high and low levels of seasonality, intensity of home range overlap was high while it was low at moderate levels of seasonality. Results also indicated that the intensity of home range overlap increased with distance from water during the dry period. The U-shaped relationship obtained in this study conform to the behavioural theory that predicts similar relationships between food abundance and territoriality, indicating that remotely sensed productivity is an ecologically meaningful measure of food abundance. This further amplifies the utility of the combination of GPS animal movement data and remotely sensed data in spatial ecology.