Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engineering of core/shell nanoparticles surface plasmon for increasing of light penetration depth in tissue (modeling and analysis)

Objectives: In this article, a new procedure for increasing the light penetration depth in a tissue is studied and simulated. It has been reported that the most important problem in biomedical optical imaging relates to the light penetration depth, and so this makes a dramatic restriction on its applications. In the optical imaging method, the detection of the backscattered photons from a deep tumor is rarely done or is done with a low efficiency; it is because of the high absorption and scattering losses. Methods: Unlike the common methods (using a high energy laser for deep penetration) by engineering the nanoparticles’ optical properties such as their anisotropy, absorption, and scattering efficiency, which are distributed into a tissue, the detected photons amplitude can be manipulated. In other words, by engineering the nanoparticle plasmon properties and their effect on the dye molecules’ quantum yield, fluorescence emission and more importantly influence on the scattering direction, the light penetration depth is dramatically increased. Results: The modeling results (Monte-Carlo statistical method) illustrate that the detected photons dramatically increased which is on order of 4 mm. So, this method can fix the light penetration problems in the optical imaging system. Conclusions: Finally, the original idea of this study attributes to the indirect and transient manipulation of the optical properties of the tissue through the nanoparticles plasmon properties engineering. Moreover, by engineering plasmonic nanoparticles, maybe, the penetration depth can be enhanced which means that we can easily send light into a soft tissue and get its back scattering.
Neural stem cell differentiation in vascular microenvironment

Here, we present a novel method to create in vivo-like vascular microenvironment of neural stem cell (NSC) and to quantify the influences of three-dimensional vascular microenvironment for guiding the differentiation of NSCs embedded in extracellular matrix using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Using our new assay, we found that NSC differentiation in reconstituted vascular microenvironment differs from the one in macro in vitro system (Qin Shen et al., Science, 2004).
Genetic Engineering of Baculoviruses

Baculoviruses are arthropod‐specific, enveloped viruses with circular, supercoiled double‐ stranded DNA genomes [1]. They infect Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Hymenoptera (sawflies) and Diptera (mosquitoes) [2]. While many viruses are studied because of their damaging effects, the study of baculoviruses was stimulated by their potential utility to control insect pests [3]. Later, the utility of baculovirus as gene expression vectors was evidenced and a new research area emerged [4]. A major step forward was the development of bacmid technology [5] (the construction of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing the genome of the baculovirus) which allows the manipulation of the baculovirus genome in bacteria. With this technology, foreign genes can be introduced into the bacmid by site‐ directed recombina‐ tion or by transposition. Baculoviruses have been used to explore fundamental questions in molecular biology such as the nature of programmed cell‐death [6]. Moreover, the ability of baculoviruses to transduce mammalian cells led to the consideration of their use as gene therapy and vaccine vectors. Strategies for genetic engineering of baculoviruses have been developed to meet the requirements of new application areas, and the establishment of new genetic modification systems is still necessary when an unexplored experimental system is to be addressed. The aim of this chapter is to detail the areas of application of the baculovirus in basic molecular biology and applied biotechnology and the strategies used to generate genetically modified baculoviruses according to each area of study.
Association Mapping for Grain Quality in a Diverse Sorghum Collection

Knowledge of the genetic bases of grain quality traits will complement plant breeding efforts to improve the end‐use value of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Candidate gene association mapping was used on a diverse panel of 300 sorghum accessions to assess marker–trait associations for 10 grain quality traits measured using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The analysis of the accessions through 1290 genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separated the panel into five subpopulations that corresponded to three major sorghum races (durra, kafir, and caudatum), one intermediate race (guinea‐caudatum), and one working group (zerazera‐caudatum). These subpopulations differed in kernel hardness, acid detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients. After model testing, association analysis between 333 SNPs in candidate genes and/or loci and grain quality traits resulted in eight significant marker–trait associations. A SNP in starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene was associated with kernel hardness (KH) with a likelihood ratio‐based R2 (RLR2) value of 0.08, a SNP in starch synthase (SSIIb) gene was associated with starch content with an RLR2 value of 0.10, and a SNP in loci pSB1120 was associated with starch content with an RLR2 value of 0.09.
The Role of Stormwater Research in BMP DesignPathogens and Regulatory Demands

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency strives to protect human health, ensure the safety of drinking and recreational waters, support economic and recreational activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants, and wildlife. To accomplish these objectives, the Agency emphasizes restoring and maintaining our oceans, watersheds, and their aquatic ecosystems. Urbanization results in more impervious areas that cause larger quantities of stormwater runoff. This runoff can contribute significant amounts of pollutants (e.g., litter, oils, microorganisms, sediments, nutrients, organic matter, and heavy metals) to receiving waters. To improve water quality in urban and suburban areas, watershed managers often incorporate structural best management practices (BMPs) to remove or reduce pollutants contained in stormwater runoff. In this project, constructed wetlands and retention ponds were evaluated for reducing microbial concentrations from urban stormwater runoff. Several studies have looked at the capabilities of these BMPs to reduce pollutant concentrations and loadings. Few studies, however, have focused on the internal mechanisms occurring in these BMPs and fewer yet on using these BMPs for treating microbial pollutants. Preliminary results indicate both types of BMPs can lower microbial concentrations from urban stormwater runoff. Retention ponds had greater removal rates for enterococci and E. coli in June and September sampling events. However, further reduction may be limited by irreducible concentrations contained in the urban stormwater runoff and/or the sediments entering into or existing within the BMPs. The disparity in results may be due to light, temperature, and predation differences between the two treatments.
Large area silicon photomultipliers : Performance and applications

The Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) with large area up to 10 10mm are considered and their optimal parameters, such as efficiency, gain, dark rate, afterpulsing probability and optical crosstalk are discussed. The 3 3mm SiPM is described and its performance is demonstrated. Three examples of 3 3mm SiPM application are given: (1) transition radiation X-ray detection; (2) time of flight measurements with fast scintillators; (3) detection of PET gammas using LYSO crystals. Corresponding experimental results are presented and discussed. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 29.40. Mc; 85.60. Gz; 87.58. Fg
δ Orionis: further temporal variability and evidence for small-scale structure in the interstellar medium

We report here the detection of both spatial and temporal variations in interstellar absorption in the line of sight to δ Orionis. First, we present new high-resolution (R≈110 000) observations of the interstellar D lines of Na i towards both δ Ori A and C. Comparison of these spectra highlights variations in absorption between the two stars, indicative of small-scale spatial structure in the interstellar medium in this direction over distances of less than ≈15 000 au (the projected separation of the two stars). Components with the largest Na i column densities and lowest velocity dispersions are, in general, found to be subject to the greatest differences; in fact the narrowest component detected is only observed in one of the sightlines. This effect has also been reported by Meyer & Blades. Secondly, we present new ultra-high-resolution (R≈900 000) Na i D1 observations and high-resolution (R≈110 000) Ca ii H & K observations of δ Ori A which, through ultra-high-resolution work conducted between 1994 and 2000, has been shown to exhibit a time-variable interstellar Na i absorption component. These new observations, while revealing the further reduction in intensity of the time-variable Na i absorption, indicate constant Ca ii absorption over the same period. This results in a dramatic reduction in the Na°/Ca+ abundance ratio, perhaps indicating the line of sight to be gradually probing a less-dense outer region of an absorbing filament.
The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Highlights on Recent Papers in Exercise-Induced Immune Response

We are glad to introduce the ninth Journal Club. This edition is focused on several relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of Exercise-Induced Immune Response, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for sport seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
Why are Married Men Working so Much?

We document a negative trend in the leisure of men married to women aged 25-45, relative to that of their wives, and a positive trend in relative housework. We develop a simple bargaining model of marriage, divorce and allocations of leisure-time and housework. Calibration to US data shows the trend in the wage gender gap explains most of the trend in relative leisure, but has little effect on married women's labor supply, which appears to be due mainly to the trend in the price of home equipment.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONTROLLING PHYTOPLANKTON PROCESSES IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN1

The factors controlling the distribution of phytoplankton stocks, species composition, and their physiological status in the Southern Ocean are reviewed. In the last decade, the key data sources have been observational and experimental. Together, they provide a framework to understand the complex temporal and spatial patterns of environmental control within the distinct basins and ecological provinces. High resolution remotely sensed observational data have overcome the issue of geographical remoteness. Furthermore, by exploiting seasonal and spatial differences in algal distributions, observational data have enabled the cross‐correlation of such trends with patterns in other environmental properties. Perturbation experiments have offered a mechanistic understanding to help interpret observational data by altering environmental properties under carefully controlled conditions. A consistent set of trends, on the modes of environmental control of phytoplankton processes, is now emerging across the different basins and provinces. The key determinants are light, iron, and silicic acid supply (top‐down control was not considered). However, their interplay in time and space (i.e. simultaneous limitation of phytoplankton processes) is less clear, requires further study, and is discussed. Future challenges include the need to understand better the mode(s) of environmental control on key algal functional groups via more taxon‐ and species‐specific studies. The initiation of more time‐series moorings with “smart” bio‐optical and sampling sensors are needed to define the seasonal distributions of algal taxa. Moreover, new perturbation experiments are required to investigate the influence on phytoplankton processes of projected climate‐mediated alteration of mixed layer depth and nutrient supply as widely predicted by modelers.
An Enhanced Distributed Weighted Clustering Routing Protocol for Key Management

Key management is an essential part of multicast security. The distribution of keys in an authenticated manner is a difficult task in MANETS and when a mobile node leaves or joins generates new session key. The combination of Enhanced Distributed Weighted Clustering Routing Protocol (EDWCRP) and RSA has been proposed to secure multicast key distribution. Cluster Head (CH) maintains the group key and it also updates the group key whenever there is a change in the membership. A Secondary Cluster Head (SCH) is also elected to avoid the CH from becoming a bottleneck. Mobile nodes get authenticated using MD-5 hash authentication mechanism. The performance of the system is evaluated based on attackers and metrics like Packet Delivery Ratio, energy consumption and packet drop. As demonstrated by simulation results, the proposed algorithm improves the overall performance and reduces energy utilization.
The activity of Stichopus hermanii extract on triglyceride serum level in periodontitis

Background The level of triglyceride can be used as a parameter of hypercholesterolemia. Periodontitis can make the condition of hypercholesterolemia worse. Stichopus hermanii extract is a source of saturated fatty acid containing omega-3 which can decreasetriglyceride blood level. Purpose The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Stichopus hermanii extract in triglyceride blood level of wistar rats which got periodontitis. Methods The samples of this research were 30 rats divided into 5 groups, namely group K(–) as negative control group (without treatment), group K(+) as positive control group (induced with periodontopathogen mix), group P1 as treatment group1 (induced with periodontopathogen and Stichopus hermanii extract mix, 0.09 ml/kgW), Group P2 (induced with periodontopathogen and Stichopus hermanii extract mix, 0,18 ml/kgW), and group P3 (induced with periodontopathogen and Stichopus hermanii extract mix, 0,36 ml/kgW). Then, all of those rats were sacrificed and all serum was measured for their level of triglyceride. Results All data was analyzed with ANOVA test showing a significant result. LSD test showed a significant different between group K(–) and group K(+), and between group K(+) and group P2 and P3. Conclusion Stichopus hermanii extract can decrease the triglyceride blood level in wistar rats with periodontitis.
Dissemination of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli Isolated from Najaf Hospitals

Collectively 117 isolates of E. coli were obtained from 3 hospitals in Najaf during June to Augest 2010. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined by disk approximation test. Phenotypic confirmatory test (PCT) was carried out for screening of ESBLs by CHROMagar method.Present study revealed that no ESBL producer E. coli isolates were confirmed by disk approximation test, the efficacy of CHROMagar method for the recognition of ESBL-producing isolates was second documented in Najaf. The high occurrence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates in this study may perhaps due to the large amount of third generation cephalosporins consumption, which has been reported as a risk factor for infection with ESBL-producing isolates bacteria
A project Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of master of science in mathematics

Multi-objective formulations are a realistic models for many complex optimization problems. In this project we presented multiobjective optimization problems using genetic algorithms developed specifically for the problems with multiple objectives. Customized genetic algorithms have been demonstrated to be particularly effective to determine excellent solutions(pareto-optimal points) to the problems. Moreover, in solving multi-objective problems, designers may be interested in a set of pareto-optimal points instead of a single point. Since genetic algorithms(GAs) work with a population of points, it seems natural to use GAs in multi-objective optimization problems to capture a number of solutions simultaneously. In this project we also describe the working principle of a binary-coded and real-parameter genetic algorithm, which is ideally suited to handle problems with a continuous search space.Moreover, a non-dominated sorting-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), called non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), is also presented.
Rhodolith bed structure along a depth gradient on the northern coast of bahia state, brazil

The aim of this study was to determine the structure of a rhodolith bed along a depth gradient of 5 to 25 m in the shelf in front of Salvador City, a region of northeastern Brazil. The dimensions, morphology and coralline algae composition of the rhodoliths were analyzed, as well as the vitality, density, and associated flora of the bed at three depths: 5, 15 and 25 m. Samples were obtained by SCUBA divers in summer 2007. Five rhodolith-forming taxa were identified: Sporolithon episporum, Lithothamnion brasiliense, Lithothamnion superpositum, Mesophyllum erubescens, and Lithophyllum sp. The encrusting growth form and the spherical shape were predominant at all depths. Rhodolith dimensions and vitality decreased and the density increased from the shallow to the deepest zones. Fifty-six macroalgal species were found as rhodolith-associated flora. The shallower depth presented higher values for macroalgal biomass and number of species. These results associated with other recent rhodolith bed descriptions indicate that the pattern of Brazilian rhodolith bed structure along depth gradients may be related to a combination of the extent and slope of the continental shelf.
Text Processing for Urdu TTS System

Natural Language Processing plays an important role in any Text to Speech (TTS) system. The raw text given as input to TTS may consist of numbers, dates, time, acronyms or symbols. NLP processes the raw text and converts it in the form that can be used by TTS to generate its corresponding speech. NLP consists of three parts; "Text Processing", "Text Annotation" and "Phonological Annotation". This paper enhances earlier work and details the text processing in NLP from the perspective of Urdu and also reports the results given by NLP.
Dual-Mode Vehicle Motion Pattern Learning for High Performance Road Traffic Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection on road traffic is an important task due to its great potential in urban traffic management and road safety. It is also a very challenging task since the abnormal event happens very rarely and exhibits different behaviors. In this work, we present a model to detect anomaly in road traffic by learning from the vehicle motion patterns in two distinctive yet correlated modes, i.e., the static mode and the dynamic mode, of the vehicles. The static mode analysis of the vehicles is learned from the background modeling followed by vehicle detection procedure to find the abnormal vehicles that keep still on the road. The dynamic mode analysis of the vehicles is learned from detected and tracked vehicle trajectories to find the abnormal trajectory which is aberrant from the dominant motion patterns. The results from the dual-mode analyses are finally fused together by driven a re-identification model to obtain the final anomaly. Experimental results on the Track 2 testing set of NVIDIA AI CITY CHALLENGE show the effectiveness of the proposed dual-mode learning model and its robustness in different real scenes. Our result ranks the first place on the final Leaderboard of the Track 2.
Effluent Cleaning, Greener Catalysts and Bioecomaterials from Agricultural Wastes

1. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain. 2. Institute of Catalysis and Petroleochemistry, CSIC, Spain. 3. Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC, Spain. 4. Institute of Biofunctional Studies, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. 5. INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building (C+04), Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. 6. Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Ghent, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium. 7. Destilerias Munoz Galvez S.A. , Av. Ciudad de Almeria 162, Murcia, Spain. 8. Acesur-Tarancon, Carretera Madrid-Valencia, KM 80.2, 16400 Cuenca, Spain. 9. Mahou-San Miguel S.A. C/ Avda. de la Industria Poligono Industrial "El Segre" 25191 Lleida, Spain. 10. Createch Medical S. L. , Pol. Kurutz Gain, 20850 Mendaro (Guipuzcoa), Spain. 11. Maicerias Espanolas, S.A. (DACSA), Spain.
1 On converting the Furthest-Pair-Based Binary Search 2 Tree to a Decision Tree : Experimental Results on Big 3 Data Classification 4

Big Data classification has recently received a great deal of attention due to the main 9 properties of Big Data, which are volume, variety, and velocity. The furthest-pair-based binary 10 search tree (FPBST) shows a great potential for Big Data classification. This work attempts to 11 improve the performance the FPBST in terms of computation time, space consumed and accuracy. 12 The major enhancement of the FPBST includes converting the resultant BST to a decision tree, in 13 order to remove the need for the slow K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and to obtain a smaller tree, 14 which is useful for memory usage, speeding both training and testing phases and increasing the 15 classification accuracy. The proposed decision trees are based on calculating the probabilities of 16 each class at each node using various methods; these probabilities are then used by the testing 17 phase to classify an unseen example. The experimental results on some (small, intermediate and 18 big) machine learning datasets show the efficiency of the proposed methods, in terms of space, 19 speed and accuracy compared to the FPBST, which shows great potential for further enhancements 20 of the proposed methods to be used in practice. 21
PERCEPTION OF SAFETY AMONG CYCLISTS IN DUBLIN CITY

Non-motorized travel modes such as, walking and cycling has been recognized as critical in solving problems related to growing traffic congestion, harmful vehicle emissions and public health issues. As a result, in recent years the policy makers and practitioners are actively promoting walking and cycling as sustainable alternatives to motorized travel. Unlike walking, cycling requires sharing of road space with other modes of travel. To promote cycling in a city like Dublin, it is important to establish the safety and efficiency of the existing road transport network from a cyclist’s perspective. This paper presents a study on understanding the safety behaviour and perceived safety of cyclists in the city of Dublin. A questionnaire based survey was conducted on the existing cyclists in Dublin. The survey responses were analysed in an Ordered Logistic Regression framework to identify the factors which act as motivators and deterrents in influencing the safety experience of cyclists. The findings of this analysis reaffirms that cyclists do not consider that they experience superior safety than car-drivers. This indicates that serious policy interventions are necessary to improve the safety experience of existing cyclists which in turn will motivate non-cyclists to convert to cycling.