Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cystic Primary Lung Cancer

Purpose: Primary lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces are increasingly being recognized; however, there is a paucity of data on their natural history. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, pathologic, and imaging characteristics of cystic lung cancer in a regional thoracic surgery center with a focus on the evolution of computed tomography morphology over time. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients referred for potential surgical management of primary lung cancer between January 2016 and December 2018 were included. Clinical, imaging, and pathologic data were collected at the time of diagnosis and at the time of the oldest computed tomography showing the target lesion. Descriptive analysis was carried out. Results: A total of 441 cancers in 431 patients (185 males, 246 females), median age 69.6 years (interquartile range: 62.6 to 75.3 y), were assessed. Overall, 41/441 (9.3%) primary lung cancers were cystic at the time of diagnosis. The remaining showed solid (67%), part-solid (22%), and ground-glass (2%) morphologies. Histopathology of the cystic lung cancers at diagnosis included 31/41 (76%) adenocarcinomas, 8/41 (20%) squamous cell carcinomas, 1/41 (2%) adenosquamous carcinoma, and 1/41 (2%) unspecified non–small cell lung carcinoma. Overall, 8/34 (24%) cystic cancers at the time of diagnosis developed from different morphologic subtype precursor lesions, while 8/34 (24%) cystic precursor lesions also transitioned into part-solid or solid cancers at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cystic airspaces within lung cancers are not uncommon, and may be seen transiently as cancers evolve. Increased awareness of the spectrum of cystic lung cancer morphology is important to improve diagnostic accuracy and lung cancer management.
Prefrontal Cortical Neurons Are Selective for Non-Local Hippocampal Representations during Replay and Behavior

Diverse functions such as decision-making and memory consolidation may depend on communication between neurons in the hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). HP replay is a candidate mechanism to facilitate this communication, however details remain largely unknown because of the technical challenges of recording sufficient numbers of HP neurons for replay while also recording PFC neurons. Here, we implanted male rats with 40-tetrode drives, split between HP and PFC, during learning of a Y-maze spatial memory task. Surprisingly, we found that in contrast to their non-selectivity for maze arm during movement, a portion of PFC neurons were highly selective for HP replay of different arms. Moreover, PFC neurons' selectivity to HP non-local arm representation during running tended to match their replay arm selectivity and was predictive of future choice. Thus, PFC activity that is tuned to HP activity is best explained by non-local HP position representations rather than HP representation of actual position, providing a new potential mechanism of HP-PFC coordination during HP replay. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus (HP) is implicated in spatial learning while the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in decision-making. The question of how the two areas interact has been of great interest. A specific activity type in HP called replay is particularly interesting because it resembles internal exploration of non-local experiences, but is technically challenging to study, requiring recordings from large numbers of HP neurons simultaneously. Here, we combined replay recordings from HP with prefrontal recordings, to reveal a surprising degree of selectivity for replay, and a pattern of coordination that supports some conceptions of hippocampocortical interaction and challenges others.
LncRNA ANRIL promotes multiple myeloma progression and bortezomib resistance by EZH2-mediated epigenetically silencing of PTEN.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy of bone marrow. In the present study, we aimed to study the function and potential mechanism of the antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL) in MM. The expression levels of ANRIL in MM patients and healthy donors were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects and mechanisms of ANRIL in MM were evaluated by cell viability assay, BrdU incorporation assay, tumor xenograft model, flow cytometry, western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), transcriptome RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We found that ANRIL was upregulated in MM patients and cell lines, and associated with advanced international staging system (ISS) stage and poor overall survival. Enforced ANRIL expression promoted proliferation and tumor xenograft growth of MM cells, while knockdown of ANRIL exhibited opposite effects. Moreover, ANRIL overexpression increased the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of bortezomib and reduced bortezomib-induced apoptosis in MM cells. ANRIL was found to accumulate in the nucleus of MM cells, and interact with EZH2 by RIP assay. Transcriptome RNA sequencing identified PTEN as a target of ANRIL in MM cells. In ChIP assay, knockdown of ANRIL reduced EZH2 occupancy and H3K27me3 binding to the promoter region of PTEN. Furthermore, EZH2 knockout or PTEN restoration abrogated the effects caused by ANRIL overexpression in MM cells. Our results indicated that ANRIL exerted oncogenic functions and conferred chemoresistance of MM cells by EZH2-mediated epigenetically silencing of PTEN.
Compound essential oils relieve oxidative stress caused by PM2.5 exposure by inhibiting autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) potentially damages the respiratory system and causes respiratory diseases. Compound essential oils (CEOs) have been shown to alleviate the damage to the lung and macrophages caused by PM2.5. However, the effect of PM2.5 exposure on the brain has rarely been investigated. When oxidative stress occurs in the brain, it readily causes neurological diseases. Autophagy is intimately involved in many physiological processes, especially processes important for the brain. Blocked or excessive autophagy causes a series of brain diseases, such as cerebral ischemia and stroke. This study investigated whether CEOs regulate excessive autophagy and reduce the oxidative stress caused by PM2.5 in the brain and BV2 microglial cells. PM2.5 increased the levels of ROS, Nox2, NF‐κB and MDA while decreasing superoxide dismutase and HO‐1 levels, which led to oxidative stress in the brain. The increased LC3 level and decreased P62 level suggested that PM2.5 exposure increased the level of autophagy. After exposure to PM2.5, the levels of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased, while the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) decreased, suggesting that PM2.5 might induce autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. In addition, CEOs alleviated oxidative stress and autophagy induced by PM2.5. Therefore, we concluded that CEOs reduce oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 exposure by inhibiting autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and these findings provide new opportunities for the prevention of PM2.5‐induced brain diseases.
Improved Inference for Imputation-Based Semisupervised Learning Under Misspecified Setting

Semisupervised learning (SSL) has been extensively studied in related literature. Despite its success, many existing learning algorithms for semisupervised problems require specific distributional assumptions, such as “cluster assumption” and “low-density assumption,” and thus, it is often hard to verify them in practice. We are interested in quantifying the effect of SSL based on kernel methods under a misspecified setting. The misspecified setting means that the target function is not contained in a hypothesis space under which some specific learning algorithm works. Practically, this assumption is mild and standard for various kernel-based approaches. Under this misspecified setting, this article makes an attempt to provide a theoretical justification on when and how the unlabeled data can be exploited to improve inference of a learning task. Our theoretical justification is indicated from the viewpoint of the asymptotic variance of our proposed two-step estimation. It is shown that the proposed pointwise nonparametric estimator has a smaller asymptotic variance than the supervised estimator using the labeled data alone. Several simulated experiments are implemented to support our theoretical results.
Presynaptic Gαo (GOA-1) signals to depress command neuron excitability and allow stretch-dependent modulation of egg laying in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Egg laying in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a two-state behavior modulated by internal and external sensory input. We have previously shown that homeostatic feedback of embryo accumulation in the uterus regulates bursting activity of the serotonergic HSN command neurons that sustains the egg-laying active state. How sensory feedback of egg release signals to terminate the egg-laying active state is less understood. We find that Gαo, a conserved Pertussis Toxin-sensitive G protein, signals within HSN to inhibit egg-laying circuit activity and prevent entry into the active state. Gαo signaling hyperpolarizes HSN, reducing HSN Ca2+ activity and input onto the postsynaptic vulval muscles. Loss of inhibitory Gαo signaling uncouples presynaptic HSN activity from a postsynaptic, stretch-dependent homeostat, causing precocious entry into the egg-laying active state when only a few eggs are present in the uterus. Feedback of vulval opening and egg release activates the uv1 neuroendocrine cells which release NLP-7 neuropeptides which signal to inhibit egg laying through Gαo-independent mechanisms in the HSNs and Gαo-dependent mechanisms in cells other than the HSNs. Thus, neuropeptide and inhibitory Gαo signaling maintains a bi-stable state of electrical excitability that dynamically controls circuit activity in response to both external and internal sensory input to drive a two-state behavior output.
A Study of Blended Learning Using the Smart Class Teaching Module on Psychosocial Dysfunction Course During the Training of Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Students in China

Background Online blended learning, also known as “smart classes”, has benefits when compared with traditional teaching methods that use books and lectures. This study aimed to compare the use of the Smart Class teaching module with traditional teaching on the topic of psychosocial dysfunction during the training of undergraduate occupational therapy (OT) students in China. Material/Methods We recruited Grade 2017 OT students as the Smart Class teaching module group and Grade 2016 OT students as the Traditional Class teaching module group to participate in the study. The objective evaluation (assignment score, practical exam score, written exam score, and final score) and subjective evaluation (data from student questionnaires and information from interviews with the lead teacher and assistant teachers) were performed in both groups. Results No significant difference was found in the final scores (P=0.874) and students’ questionnaire results between the 2 groups. However, data from the student questionnaires and teacher interviews indicated a preference for combining the Smart Class teaching module and the Traditional Class teaching module. Conclusions The advantage of the Smart Class teaching module is that it can effectively integrate excellent teaching resources across geographical restrictions and it is conducive to promoting independent learning for students and all-around supervision for teaching. The Smart Class teaching module was comparable to traditional teaching methods for the training of undergraduate OT students in China, but was preferred by the students.
Nutraceuticals and Bio-Inspired Materials from Microalgae and their Future Perspectives.

Nutraceuticals are food or component of food that do not only promote health but also help in recovery and combating health disorders. Algae are microorganisms that are used as supplements used in treating health disorders. They are rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidant pigments, and other micronutrients. These algae are gaining importance as functional components in the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and applications in fabrics incorporated antimicrobial agents and pharmaceuticals. The present review focus on the distinctive algal components that are beneficial in biomedical applications. It also focuses on the research techniques to enrich the macronutrients and micronutrients by altering growth conditions and susceptible nutritional factors. A diagram model for a systematic review is utilized for this search. The research is conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. Results: Here, in this review, current reviewers put forward the importance of microalgae and other algae as alternative marine nutrient sources of dietary supplements for human consumption. In this context, extrinsic and intrinsic environmental parameters manipulative studies by eminent research groups to enhance the nutrient composition of these marine creatures are focussed. Some cost-effective approach based techniques for industrial output also manifested. Role of Algae as bio-inspired material for the production of biosynthetic metal nanoparticles, water soluble polymers, bioplastic, antimicrobials, antifouling agents has been incurred as research interests past decades. In spite of being so impressive as nutraceuticals and bio inspired material component, research gaps still exist. The purpose of the manuscript is to cover such gaps and show a new paradigm of biomedical applications.
RNAi‐mediated suppression of vimentin or glial fibrillary acidic protein prevents the establishment of Müller glial cell hypertrophy in progressive retinal degeneration

Gliosis is a complex process comprising upregulation of intermediate filament (IF) proteins, particularly glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin, changes in glial cell morphology (hypertrophy) and increased deposition of inhibitory extracellular matrix molecules. Gliosis is common to numerous pathologies and can have deleterious effects on tissue function and regeneration. The role of IFs in gliosis is controversial, but a key hypothesized function is the stabilization of glial cell hypertrophy. Here, we developed RNAi approaches to examine the role of GFAP and vimentin in vivo in a murine model of inherited retinal degeneration, the Rhodopsin knockout (Rho−/−) mouse. Specifically, we sought to examine the role of these IFs in the establishment of Müller glial hypertrophy during progressive degeneration, as opposed to (more commonly assessed) acute injury. Prevention of Gfap upregulation had a significant effect on the morphology of reactive Müller glia cells in vivo and, more strikingly, the reduction of Vimentin expression almost completely prevented these cells from undergoing degeneration‐associated hypertrophy. Moreover, and in contrast to studies in knockout mice, simultaneous suppression of both GFAP and vimentin expression led to severe changes in the cytoarchitecture of the retina, in both diseased and wild‐type eyes. These data demonstrate a crucial role for Vimentin, as well as GFAP, in the establishment of glial hypertrophy and support the further exploration of RNAi‐mediated knockdown of vimentin as a potential therapeutic approach for modulating scar formation in the degenerating retina.
Formulation of Gelucire®-Based Solid Dispersions of Atorvastatin Calcium: In Vitro Dissolution and In Vivo Bioavailability Study

Atorvastatin (ATV) is a poorly water-soluble drug that exhibits poor oral bioavailability. Therefore, present research was designed to develop ATV solid dispersions (SDs) to enhance the solubility, drug release, and oral bioavailability. Various SDs of ATV were formulated by conventional and microwave-induced melting methods using Gelucire®48/16 as a carrier. The formulated SDs were characterized for different physicochemical characterizations, drug release, and oral bioavailability studies. The results obtained from the different physicochemical characterization indicate the molecular dispersion of ATV within various SDs. The drug polymer interaction results showed no interaction between ATV and used carrier. There was marked enhancement in the solubility (1.95–9.32 folds) was observed for ATV in prepared SDs as compare to pure ATV. The drug content was found to be in the range of 96.19% ± 2.14% to 98.34% ± 1.32%. The drug release results revealed significant enhancement in ATV release from prepared SDs compared to the pure drug and the marketed tablets. The formulation F8 showed high dissolution performance (% DE30 value of 80.65 ± 3.05) among the other formulations. Optimized Gelucire®48/16–based SDs formulation suggested improved oral absorption of atorvastatin as evidenced with improved pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax 2864.33 ± 573.86 ng/ml; AUC0-t 5594.95 ± 623.3 ng/h ml) as compared to ATV suspension (Cmax 317.82 ± 63.56 ng/ml; AUC0-t 573.94 ± 398.9 ng/h ml) and marketed tablets (Cmax 852.72 ± 42.63 ng/ml; 4837.4 ± 174.7 ng/h ml). Conclusively, solid dispersion-based oral formulation of atorvastatin could be a promising approach for enhanced drug solubilization, dissolution, and subsequently improved absorption.
The Moderating Effect of Older Adults' Receptive Arts Engagement on the Association Between Resilience and Anxiety Symptoms During Coronavirus Breakout

Abstract In this study, we evaluated whether levels of receptive arts engagement (visiting museums/concerts/the theater/the cinema) during the year preceding the COVID-19 outbreak may have served as a psychological resource for older adults that mitigated the association between resilience levels and COVID-19 anxiety when the pandemic broke out. Data were collected after the enactment of the first emergency regulations (between March 15 and April 1, 2020) via the Qualtrics Survey Software link that was sent out through social media platforms. In total, 205 participants aged 65 to 92 (mean age, 72.32; SD, 5.63) reported general anxiety symptom levels (GAD-7) (Spitzer et al., 2006), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), frequency of receptive arts engagement in the previous year, health status, exposure to risk situations, and behavioral changes due to the pandemic. Our hypothesis that receptive arts would moderate the resilience–COVID-19 anxiety link was examined by a multiple hierarchical regression analysis and with the PROCESS computational tool. Findings show that resilience was associated with COVID-19 anxiety and that this association was moderated by levels of receptive arts engagement. The findings show that high levels of prior art engagement constituted a potent buffer against subsequent COVID-19 anxiety. Policy makers may benefit older adults by encouraging their engagement in arts activities, even during social distancing.
Application of Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Micro Inorganic Analysis

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used in analyzing various real complex samples due to its superiority in fast and non-destructive determination. It is difficult, however, for the technique to analyze the components of micro-content, especially the inorganic components, because NIR spectrum contains only the weak signals of C—H, O—H and N—H, and inorganic components generally generate no response in the spectrum. In this review, the principle and appli- cations of NIRS in analyzing inorganic components in environmental, soil, plant and bio-samples are summarized. The feasi- bility of applying NIRS in micro-inorganic analysis was proved by various applications of the technique in analyzing lake or river sediments, forest or farmland soils, straw, amaranth, clover, paprika, rice, wheat, meats, and sea foods. Because multi- variate calibration technique is generally adopted in NIR spectral analysis, quantitative analysis can be achieved by modeling the spectral responses in which the interactions of the inorganic components and organic contents are included or by using the correlationship between the micro and macro components. However, the models must be used with care in such applications because they may fail when the predicted samples are heavily deviated from the calibration ones. Furthermore, applications of preconcentration techniques in NIR analysis are also summarized in this paper. By adsorption of an inorganic analyte onto the surface of a high efficient adsorbent from a dilute solution, the interactions between the analyte and the adsorbent can be directly measured by using NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS), and the relationship between the contents of the analyte and the spectra can be modeled with multivariate calibration techniques. The adsorbents of functionalized resins, thiol-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate clay, nano-hydroxyapatite, etc. have been studied for detection of micro inor- ganic ions in dilute solutions such as Hg 2 + , Ag + , Pb 2 + , Zn 2 + , Cu 2 + , Co 2 + , Ni 2 + , Cd 2 + and Cr 3 + . The results of these studies showed that the adsorption can significantly improve the detection limit and fast detection can be achieved by NIRDRS measurements and multivariate calibration.
Synergistic Promotion of Co/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts by Niobia and Platinum

Transition-metal oxides and noble metals are well-known selectivity and activity promoters in cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch catalysis. Niobia has been shown as an effective selectivity promoter as support material; however, its low porosity limits the cobalt loading. To combine the selectivity-promoting properties of niobia with a highly porous support, niobia-modified silica was prepared and applied as a support for Co and PtCo catalysts with cobalt loadings up to 21 wt %. Niobia promotion was found to increase the C5+ selectivity at 1 bar; however, it appeared to be ineffective at 20 bar. Promotion of Co/SiO2 by a combination of platinum and niobia yielded an increase of the cobalt-weight normalized activity by a factor of 2–3 in the case of amorphous niobia and by a factor of 3–4 with niobia nanocrystals present, due to both an increased number of active sites and an increased cobalt-surface specific activity (turnover frequency).
Different disease characteristics in young patients with colorectal cancer: a large retrospective study in a city in Romania

Objective In 2018, colorectal cancer (CRC) was the second most frequent malignancy in Romania after lung cancer. Although CRC is typically encountered in patients >50 years old, CRC's global incidence among younger adults has been increasing. We aimed to compare the disease characteristics of patients with CRC aged ≤50 years with those >50 years old. Methods We retrospectively evaluated data from patients with CRC who underwent standard surgery at “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (patients ≤50 years old) and Group 2 (patients >50 years old). Six parameters were analyzed (sex, residence location, age, tumor localization, microscopic findings, pathological staging). Results Data on age-related CRC were available for 1380 patients treated from January 2012 to December 2018. Group 1 included 120 patients while group 2 included 1260 patients. Significantly more Group 1 patients presented with advanced CRC compared with Group 2 patients (94.2% vs. 87.4%). Furthermore, CRC in younger adults was more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage. Conclusions Monitoring the CRC incidence in younger adults is essential to assess whether screening practices require changes and to raise awareness among clinicians of the increasing CRC incidence among younger patients.