Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equilibrio en el potencial hídrico previo al amanecer entre hojas de frijol común bajo déficit hídrico edáfico

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si antes del amanecer se presenta un equilibrio hidrico en las hojas de la planta de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bajo deficit hidrico edafico. Las plantas se cultivaron en invernadero, en macetas con suelo franco-arenoso, a las cuales se aplicaron los tratamientosd e suspension de riego (SR) y riego (R). Se registraron: el potencial hidrico en las hojasdel tallo principal previo al amanecer (ψhpa), las tasas de evapotranspiracion y transpiracion, la conductancia estomatica, el progreso de la condicion de marchitez permanente (CMP) en hojas a diferente altura del tallo principal, el porcentaje de humedad del suelo y el deficit de presion de vapor (DPV). En SR y R, se alcanzo un equilibrio en el ψhpa (entre 4:30 y 6:30 h) de las hojas, a pesar de cierta evapotranspiracion, transpiracion, conductancia estomatica y DPV durante la noche. El ψhpa estuvo determinado por la humedad del suelo y, debido a la estrecha relacion que guardan ambas variables, dicho ψhpa podria servir como indicador de la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo. En SR, cuando el ψhpa se redujo desde -0.5 hasta -1.1 MPa, las tasas de transpiracion y de evapotranspiracion disminuyeron, indicando que el agua disponible en el suelo comenzo a ser insuficiente. Al inicio de la CMP de la tercera hoja compuesta se concluyo el experimento y coincidio con el ψhpa de -1.5 MPa. Consecuentemente, el ψhpa es un buen estimador cuantitativo del estres hidrico en la planta.
MEASUREMENT OF BED SHEAR STRESS UNDER WAVES

Shear stress measurements on both smooth and sand roughened beds were carried out in an oscillating water tunnel using a flexurally supported shear plate. The range of simulated wave boundary layers covered practically any situation possible in the field or laboratory. In the laminar range good agreement is obtained with the theoretical shear stress calculated from first order wave theory. However, in the turbulent flow regimes the experimental data indicates that theory results in an overestimate of the shear force by 20-50%. Limits of laminar, smooth turbulent and rough turbulent flow regimes are determined and it appears that the rough turbulent flow regime may itself be subdivided into two sections, each having different turbulence characteristics.
Intrusion detection with the K nearest neighbour algorithm

In machine learning there are many algorithms. This thesis will focus on the K-nearest-neighbour algorithm with focus on how different portions of training data and the value of k affects the predictions in three different datasets. The main focus is on discovering different types of attacks in the KDD cup dataset from 99, but the algorithm will also be tested on the built in IRIS dataset. The findings in the thesis were that the KNN algorithm proved to be quite accurate in predicting attacks.
Measuring, Understanding, and Estimating the Influence of the Environment on Low-Power Wireless Networks

After a decade and a half of research in academia and industry, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are seen as a key infrastructure able to monitor the environment in which they are immersed, thanks to their miniaturization, autonomy, and flexibility. Still, outdoor deployments of WSNs (e.g., in forests) are notoriously difficult to get right, partly due to the fact that their low-power wireless communication is greatly affected by the characteristics of the target environment (e.g., temperature, humidity, foliage). In the absence of quantitative evidence about the target application environments, the asset that drives a successful and reliable outdoor deployment is the experience gained from previous deployments, lab-like testbeds, or simulators that however often do not resemble the real-world environments. The general goal of this dissertation is to support the principled design and deployment of WSNs by improving the understanding of how the natural outdoor environment affects the network stack, and providing tools and modeling techniques to address this impact. This constitutes the premise for WSNs to be a credible tool for domain experts (e.g., biologists) operating in this field. Our own practical need to design and deploy a reliable WSN system for wildlife monitoring in the mountains near Trento, Italy, pushed our goals towards a deployment and application oriented perspective, whose ultimate objectives are: supporting the WSN deployment; informing the selection or design of protocols, to ensure they are well-suited to the target environment; deriving models to push the envelope of what can be predicted or simulated beforehand. To achieve these goals we must start from the first step—assessing quantitatively the characteristics of the low-power wireless links in-field, i.e., in the environment where the WSN must be deployed. To this end, we contribute with Trident and Harpoon, tools for in-field connectivity and routing performance assessment that support principled, repeatable, automated, and flexible collection of measurements in the target environment without the need for a tethered infrastructure and without requiring coding from the end user. Then, using these tools we collect a large set of data traces from six campaigns across different years, environments and seasons, whose analysis quantified the impact of the environmental factors on the network stack, focusing primarily on the physical and routing layers. Finally, we exploit the data traces to create models for both estimating the link quality at run-time and reproducing realistic network conditions in simulators. We argue that the tools we expressly designed for gathering in-field empirical traces, the understanding and quantitative characterization of data traces from real environments, and the modeling, together significantly advance the state of the art by rendering the process of designing and deploying a WSN more repeatable and predictable.
Wireless Network Security Architecture with Blowfish Encryption Model

In this research paper ,we developed a model for a large network, wireless nodes are interconnected and each can be considered as a node processor that offer services to other node processors connected to a specific network. A very high proportion of the nodes that offer services need to carry out an authentication process so as to make an access request to the node offering the service. In this context, an integrated reconfigurable network security architecture moved to the application layer has become the need of the day for secure wireless data sharing. The security schemes of the seven layer OSI architecture need to be placed intrinsically in the wireless node itself and should be capable of supporting the MAC layer, IP address based layer and the routing protocols of the network layer. This work focuses on the use of emulator and embedded hardware architectures for wireless network security. In this work, the individual nodes can have a unique security signature pattern maintained by respective wireless nodes using an encryption algorithm and this is made dynamic. The metrics includes latency, throughput, Scalability, Effects of data transfer operation
Everyday Life Information Seeking

Information seeking may be analyzed in two major contexts: job-related and nonwork. The present entry concentrates on nonwork information seeking, more properly called everyday life information seeking (ELIS). Typically, ELIS studies discuss the ways in which people access and use various information sources to meet information needs in areas such as health, consumption, and leisure. The entry specifies the concept of ELIS and characterizes the major ELIS models. They include the Sense-Making approach (Dervin), the Small world theory (Chatman), the ecological model of ELIS (Williamson), ELIS in the context of way of life (Savolainen), the model of information practices (McKenzie), and the concept of information grounds (Fisher). ELIS practices tend to draw on the habitualized use of a limited number of sources which have been found useful in previous use contexts. Since the late 1990s, the Internet has increasingly affected the ELIS practices by providing easily accessible sources. Even though the popularity of the networked sources has grown rapidly they will complement, rather than replace, more traditional sources and channels
Software integration between external game APIs and the GameBus repository

Many games exist to serve a unique purpose for different domains, so is the case with healthcare. However, when it comes to integrating such games to achieve healthcare benefits, and an integrated, enjoyable experience, not enough has been done due to factors such as shortage of resources, time to market and others. This report describes the design and implementation of the GameBus data model to realize such an integrated platform. This model is the technology independent core of the solution. Moreover, the model is a common language for different developers and partners, which contributes to bringing the functional design closer to the software design. This report encompasses and explains all the different aspects of the development throughout this project. These include problem analysis, system architecture, design and its implementation.
RED SUPERGIANTS IN THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY (M31)

Red supergiants (RSGs) are a short-lived stage in the evolution of moderately massive stars (10–25 M☉), and as such their location in the H-R diagram provides an exacting test of stellar evolutionary models. Since massive star evolution is strongly affected by the amount of mass loss a star suffers, and since the mass-loss rates depend upon metallicity, it is highly desirable to study the physical properties of these stars in galaxies of various metallicities. Here we identify a sample of RSGs in M31, the most metal-rich of the Local Group galaxies. We determine the physical properties of these stars using both moderate resolution spectroscopy and broadband V − K photometry. We find that on average the RSGs of our sample are variable in V by 0.5 mag, smaller but comparable to the 0.9 mag found for Magellanic Cloud (MC) RSGs. No such variability is seen at K, also in accord with what we know of Galactic and MC RSGs. We find that there is a saturation effect in the model TiO band strengths with metallicities higher than solar. The physical properties we derive for the RSGs from our analysis with stellar atmosphere models agree well with the current evolutionary tracks, a truly remarkable achievement given the complex physics involved in each. We do not confirm an earlier result that the upper luminosities of RSGs depend upon metallicity; instead, the most luminous RSGs have log L/L☉∼5.2–5.3, broadly consistent but slightly larger than that recently observed by Smartt et al. as the upper luminosity limit to Type II-P supernovae, believed to have come from RSGs. We find that, on average, the RSGs are considerably more reddened than O and B stars, suggesting that circumstellar dust is adding a significant amount of extra extinction, ∼0.5 mag, on average. This is in accord with our earlier findings on Milky Way and Magellanic Cloud stars. Finally, we call attention to a peculiar star whose spectrum appears to be heavily veiled, possibly due to scattering by an expanding dust shell.
Electron cooling and the connection between expansion and flux-density evolution in radio supernovae

Radio supernovae (RSNe) are weak and rare events. Their typical maximum radio luminosities are of the order of only 10 27 erg s ―1 Hz ―1 . There are, however, very few cases of relatively bright (and/or close) RSNe, from which the expansion of the shock and the radio light curves at several frequencies have been monitored covering several years. Applying the standard model of radio emission from supernovae, it is possible to relate the defining parameters of the modelled expansion curve to those of the modelled light curves in a simple algebraic way by assuming an evolution law for the magnetic field and for the energy density of the population of synchrotron-emitting electrons. However, cooling mechanisms of the electrons may considerably affect this connection between light curves and expansion curve, and lead to wrong conclusions on the details of the electron acceleration and/or on the CSM radial density profile. We study how electron cooling modifies the flux-density decay rate of RSNe for a set of plausible/realistic values of the magnetic field and for different expansion regimes. We use these results to estimate the magnetic fields of different RSNe observed to date and compare them to those obtained by assuming energy equipartition between particles and magnetic fields. For some of the best monitored RSNe, for which deceleration measurements, optically thin spectral index, and power-law time decay have been observed (SN 1979C, SN 1986J, SN 1993J, and SN 2008iz), we find self-consistent solutions for the index of the power-law circumstellar density profile (s = 2 for all cases), the index of the power-law relativistic electron population (rather steep values, p = 2.3-3.0) and the initial magnetic field (ranging from ∼20 to > 100 G).
On the Accuracy of Particle Filter-Based Object Tracking

In particle filter framework, there are many parameters need to be set to have the object tracking work best. On the other hand, the success of an object tracking is also determined by the characteristics of the video being used. Different videos might require different values of parameters to obtain best performance. This paper investigates thoroughly the effect of parameters in object tracking within particle filter framework for videos with different characteristics. We also propose a new method in selecting particle number and matrix value that used in propagation model. This work finds best parameters for video with particular characteristics and contributes in providing guideline of parameter setting in particle filter-based object tracking.
Stellar populations of Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with and without discs: a dichotomy in age?

Using Very Large Telescope/FORS2 spectroscopy, we have studied the properties of the central (inner 320 pc) stellar populations of a sample of 26 nucleated early-type dwarf (dE) galaxies in the Virgo cluster with a magnitude range of -18.59 ≤ M r ≤ -15.39 mag. With the addition of the data of the MAGPOP-IPP team (Michielsen et al.), extending the sample to 38 dEs, we find that these galaxies do not exhibit the same average stellar population characteristics for different morphological subclasses. The nucleated galaxies without discs, which are, on average, fainter than dEs with discs and distributed in regions of higher local density, are older and more metal-poor (mean ages 7.5 ± 1.89 and 3.1 ± 0.83 Gyr, mean [Z/H] = -0.54 ± 0.14 and -0.31 ± 0.10 dex, respectively). The α-element abundance ratio appears consistent with the solar value for both morphological types. Besides a well-defined relation between metallicity and luminosity, we also find a clear anticorrelation between age and luminosity. More specifically, there appears to be a bimodality: brighter galaxies (M r ≤ -16.5 mag), including the disc galaxies, exhibit significantly younger ages than fainter dEs (M r ≥ -17.0 mag). The magnitude overlap between these two subgroups appears to be resolved when considering, in addition, the weak correlation between age and local density, such that older galaxies at a given magnitude are located at higher densities. Thus, there seems to be no significant difference between the stellar populations of dEs with and without discs when compared at the same magnitude and density. Thereby, we revisit the question whether both could belong to the same intrinsic population, with discs surviving only in lower-density regions. However, it appears less likely that fainter and brighter dEs have experienced the same evolutionary history, as the well-established trend of decreasing average stellar age when going from the most luminous ellipticals towards low-luminosity ellipticals and bright dEs is broken here. The older and more metal-poor dEs could have had an early termination of star formation activity, possibly being 'primordial' galaxies in the sense that they have formed along with the protocluster or experienced very early infall. By contrast, the younger and relatively metal-rich brighter dEs, most of which have discs, might have undergone structural transformation of infalling disc galaxies.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION Gender, age, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with major dietary patterns in the Spanish Project SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra)

Objective: To ascertain the major dietary patterns in the cohort ‘SUN’ and to assess the association of several sociodemographic (including age and gender) and lifestyle variables with the adherence to these dietary patterns. Design: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 3847 subjects (1587 men and 2260 women) belonging to a prospective cohort study based on self-reported questionnaires. A factor analysis based on 30 predefined food groups was conducted to ascertain the major dietary patterns in the cohort. Multiple regression models were fitted to assess the relationship between several sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and the adherence to these dietary patterns (measured using two scores with observed values ranging from 7 3.2 to þ 4.6 for the Western pattern and 7 3.1 to þ 5.5 for the Mediterranean pattern). Results: Two major dietary patterns were found. The first pattern was labelled as a ‘Western’ dietary pattern and the other as a ‘Spanish-Mediterranean’ dietary pattern. Younger subjects were more likely to follow a ‘Western’ dietary pattern; the coefficient representing the change for every 10 y increase in age was b ¼ 7 0.24 (P < 0.001) for men and b ¼ 7 0.12 (P < 0.001) for women. More physically active subjects were less likely to follow a ‘Western’ dietary pattern and more likely to follow a ‘SpanishMediterranean’ dietary pattern. Conclusions: An association between a higher level of physical activity during leisure time and adherence to a ‘SpanishMediterranean’ diet was apparent. However, the profile of being a young, sedentary and single male was identified as the most likely to exhibit a departure from the traditional ‘Spanish-Mediterranean’ diet and follow a ‘Western’ dietary pattern. Sponsorship: Departments of Health and Education of the Navarre Regional Government and FIS (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias) of the Spanish Ministry of Health.
Cordycepin improves behavioral‐LTP and dendritic structure in hippocampal CA1 area of rats

Cordycepin, an adenosine analog, has been reported to improve cognitive function, but which seems to be inconsistent with the reports showing that cordycepin inhibited long‐term potentiation (LTP). Behavioral‐LTP is usually used to study long‐term synaptic plasticity induced by learning tasks in freely moving animals. In order to investigate simultaneously the effects of cordycepin on LTP and behavior in rats, we applied the model of behavioral‐LTP induced by Y‐maze learning task through recording population spikes in hippocampal CA1 region. Golgi staining and Sholl analysis were employed to assess the morphological structure of dendrites in pyramidal cells of hippocampal CA1 area, and western blotting was used to examine the level of adenosine A1 receptors and A2A receptors (A2AR). We found that cordycepin significantly improved behavioral‐LTP magnitude, accompanied by increases in the total length of dendrites, the number of intersections and spine density but did not affect Y‐maze learning task. Furthermore, cordycepin obviously reduced A2AR level without altering adenosine A1 receptors level; and the agonist of A2AR (CGS 21680) rather than antagonist (SCH 58261) could reverse the potentiation of behavioral‐LTP induced by cordycepin. These results suggested that cordycepin improved behavioral‐LTP and morphological structure of dendrite in hippocampal CA1 but did not contribute to the improvement of learning and memory. And cordycepin improved behavioral‐LTP may be through reducing the level of A2AR in hippocampus. Collectively, the effects of cordycepin on cognitive function and LTP were complex and involved multiple mechanisms.
Prognostic importance of PTEN, EGFR, HER-2, and IGF-1R in gastric cancer patients treated with postoperative chemoradiation

Background/aim This study aimed to describe the prognostic importance of epidermal growth factor (EGFR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), human EGF receptor-2 (HER-2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in gastric cancer patients treated with postoperative chemoradiation therapy. Materials and methods Sixty-nine patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiation therapy were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor samples were stained immunohistochemically. Results All patients were treated with 3D conformal radiation therapy with concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Perineural invasion (PNI) (P = 0.042), prechemoradiation therapy albumin levels below 3.5 mg/dL (P = 0.011), and EGFR positivity (P = 0.008) had negative effects on overall survival (OS). The median OS was 26 months for patients with PNI (+), 34.9 months for those with PNI (–), 19.5 months for those with albumin levels below 3.5 mg/dL, and 33.2 months for those with albumin levels above 3.5 mg/dL. IGF-1R (+) (P = 0.035) and history of cigarette smoking (P = 0.033) were observed to have a statistically significantly negative effect on disease-free survival (DFS). The median DFS was 29.2 months for IGF-1R (+) patients, 37.9 months for those with IGF-1R (-), and 26.3 and 40.59 months for smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. Conclusion IGF-1R and EGFR may be used for patient selection in future prospective studies that evaluate the prognostic importance of these receptors.
DISCOVERY OF THE SMALL-DIAMETER, YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANT G354.4+0.0

We report the discovery of a shell-like structure G354.4+0.0 of size 1. ′6 that shows the morphology of a shell supernova remnant (SNR). Part of the structure shows polarized emission in a NRAO VLA sky survey map. Based on 330 MHz and 1.4 GHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations and existing observations at higher frequencies, we conclude that the partial shell structure showing synchrotron emission is embedded in an extended H ii region of size ∼4′. The spectrum of the diffuse H ii region turns over between 1.4 GHz and 330 MHz. The H i absorption spectrum shows this objected to be located more than 5 kpc from Sun. Based on its morphology, non-thermal polarized emission, and size, this object is one of the youngest SNRs discovered in the Galaxy with an estimated age of ∼100–500 yr.
The challenge for global health systems in preventing and managing obesity

Few health crises have been as predictable as the unfolding obesity pandemic. Clinical and public health services remain the front line of efforts to reduce the burden of obesity. While a range of clinical practice guidelines exist, the need for clinical interventions exceeds the capacity of health systems to provide care for those affected with obesity, and routine clinical practices fall far short of guidelines recommendations even in high‐income countries. In this manuscript, we discuss current recommendations regarding obesity interventions and key challenges facing global health systems in managing the health needs of people with obesity. Improving the provision of obesity‐related health care is a considerable challenge and will require changing existing perceptions of obesity as a matter of personal failure to its recognition as a disease, innovative approaches to health system reform, clinician capacity building and implementation support, a focus on prevention, and wise resource allocation. Leadership from governments, the medical profession, and patient and community groups to address the issues raised in this manuscript is urgently needed to address the growing health concern.