Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of crosslink length on the Enthalpy relaxation of fully cured epoxy-diamine resins

Enthalpy relaxation of epoxy–diamine thermosets of different crosslink lengths (CLL) has been studied by DSC. The epoxy resins based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A were cured with ethylenediamine (FEDA), and diamines of polyoxypropylene of 2.6 and 5.6 oxypropylene units, named FJ230 and FJ400, respectively. As was expected, increasing the CLL decreases the glass transition temperature Tg from 121°C (FEDA) to 47°C (FJ400). Aging experiments at Tg − 20 K for each resin permit the determination of the enthalpy loss, the relaxation rate per decade (βH), and the nonlinearity parameter, x. The apparent activation energy, Δh*, and the nonexponentiality parameter β are found for each resin from intrinsic cycles in which the sample is heated at 10 K min−1 following cooling at various rates through the glass transition region. An increase of CLL is related to an increase of βH, and of the nonlinearity parameter. In agreement with the general trend for thermoplastic polymers, the increase of the parameter x is correlated with a decrease of Δh* and with an increase in the nonexponentiality parameter. Application of the Adam–Gibbs (AG) theory reveals that the parameters B and Tf/T2 increase with CLL, corresponding to a decrease of the nonlinear behavior of the glassy epoxies. However, the T2 values calculated in this way appear unrealistic, and the alternative assumption that T2 = Tg −51.6 K, making use of the “universal” WLF constant, leads to a much smaller variation of B, which nevertheless still increases with CLL. From a consideration of the minimum number of configurations required for a cooperative rearrangement, it is argued that the elementary activation energy Δμ increases, and the minimum size of the cooperatively rearranging region decreases as CLL increases. This is consistent with the relaxation process becoming more cooperative as the CLL decreases, as is suggested by the decrease in the value of β. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 456–468, 2000
Modeling and transport parameters during nanofiltration of degreasing effluent from a tannery

Degreasing effluent from a tannery is treated using a single-step membrane separation (nanofiltration) process in continuous cross-flow mode. The flow regimes encompass the laminar and turbulent zones, including laminar flows with turbulent promoters. Experimental results are reported in the range of transmembrane pressure drop from 828 to 1242 kPa for all three flow regimes. More than 50% flux enhancement is observed by using turbulent promoters compared to purely laminar flow. The performance criteria of the filtration are evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), pH and conductivity of the permeate. The proposed scheme successfully reduces COD to well below the permissible limits (250 mg/l). A combination of osmotic pressure and solution-diffusion model is used for nanofiltration. Three relevant transport coefficients, namely, the effective osmotic coefficient, solute diffusivity and solute permeability through the membrane are estimated by minimising the sum of errors between the experimental and calculated permeate flux and permeate concentrations. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Polymer Flow in Porous Media

In this paper, an extensive study is presented on the single-phase flow of xanthum/tracer slugs in a consolidated sandstone. The phenomena studied include polymer/tracer dispersion, excluded/inaccessible-volume effects, polymer adsorption, and viscous fingering. In some floods, there is also evidence of nonequilibrium effects. Macroscopic flow equations are derived that include terms to model all the behaviors listed above. A microscopic approach is also developed that describes certain features of polymer flow in porous media semiquantitatively.
Powder Properties and System Behavior during Spray Drying of Bauhinia forficata Link Extract

This article presents a study of the effects of the spray-drying conditions on product properties and dryer performance during manufacture of dried extracts of Bauhinia forficata. The product properties (loss on drying of the dried extract, flavonoids degradation ratio, product size distribution, bulk and loose densities, powder morphology) and the equipment performance were determined as a function of the input parameters (dryer inlet temperature, ratio between the feed flow rate of the extract to the dryer evaporation capacity, and feed flow rate of the drying gas). Regression equations correlating powder characteristics and dryer behavior to input process parameters were obtained. The results demonstrate significant impact of the processing conditions on product properties and dryer performance. The loss on drying is a key property, since low values are demanded for the acceptance of the dried extract. In general, due to strict product specifications, the drying conditions that give an end product with the required quality are not associated with the optimal drying performance.
Evaluation of diabetic microangiopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography

Bevezetés: Az optikai koherencia tomográfián alapuló angiográfia új noninvazív eszköz, amely lehetővé teszi a retinalis érhálózat vizsgálatát, és segítséget nyújthat a microangiopathiával járó szemfenéki betegségek nyomon követé sében. Célkitűzés: Diabeteses betegek mindkét szemén optikai koherencia tomográfiás angiográfiával meghatározni a retinalis kisér-károsodás mértékét az általános rizikófaktorok függvényében. Módszer: Optikai koherencia tomográfiás angiográfia során 36 diabeteses, valamint 45 kontrollszemély mindkét szemén meghatároztuk a retinalis érhálózat sűrűségét. Rögzítettük a magas vérnyomást, a diabetes fennállási idejét, az inzulinkezelést, a HbA1c-szintet, a dyslipidaemia és a diabeteses retinopathia jelenlétét, továbbá a szem tengelyhoszszát. A rizikófaktoroknak az érhálózat-sűrűségre és a két szem közötti aszimmetriára kifejtett hatását többváltozós regressziós modellekben vizsgáltuk. Eredmények: Diabeteses betegekben a retinalis érhálózat sűrűsége szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt, mint kontrollszemélyekben (p<0,05), és ugyanazon beteg két szemének adatai között mért különbség szignifikánsan magasabb volt, mint a kontroll egészséges személyek két szeme között mért különbség (p<0,05). Mind a retinalis érsűrűség, mind a két szem közötti aszimmetria korrelált a diabetes fennállási idejével (p<0,05), kontroll alatt tartva az általános rizikófaktorok hatását. A kontrollcsoporttal összehasonlítva a két szem közötti aszimmetria mértéke szignifikánsan magasabb volt olyan diabeteses betegek két szeme között is, akiknél a diabeteses retinopathia szemfenéki jelei nem voltak láthatók (p<0,001). Következtetések: Diabeteses betegekben csökkent az érhálózat sűrűsége egészséges személyekkel összehasonlítva, továbbá fokozott a két szem közötti aszimmetria. A csökkent érhálózat-sűrűség és a két szem közötti fokozott aszimmetria a betegség fennállási idejével arányos, és alkalmas lehet a diabeteses retinopathia igen korai, szemfenékvizsgálattal még nem látható formáinak kiszűrésére, így segítve a terápia mielőbbi megkezdését. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 320–326.
IoT Bugs and Development Challenges

IoT systems are rapidly adopted in various domains, from embedded systems to smart homes. Despite their growing adoption and popularity, there has been no thorough study to understand IoT development challenges from the practitioners' point of view. We provide the first systematic study of bugs and challenges that IoT developers face in practice, through a large-scale empirical investigation. We collected 5,565 bug reports from 91 representative IoT project repositories and categorized a random sample of 323 based on the observed failures, root causes, and the locations of the faulty components. In addition, we conducted nine interviews with IoT experts to uncover more details about IoT bugs and to gain insight into IoT developers' challenges. Lastly, we surveyed 194 IoT developers to validate our findings and gain further insights. We propose the first bug taxonomy for IoT systems based on our results. We highlight frequent bug categories and their root causes, correlations between them, and common pitfalls and challenges that IoT developers face. We recommend future directions for IoT areas that require research and development attention.
Pain Management Modalities in Total Knee Arthroplasty-A Research

Add up to knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the foremost common surgeries performed to calm joint torment in patients with endstage osteoarthritis or rheumatic joint pain of the knee. In any case, TKA is taken after by direct to serious postoperative torment that influences postoperative restoration, understanding fulfillment, and in general results. Verifiably, opioids have been broadly utilized for perioperative torment administration of TKA. Be that as it may, opioids are related with undesirable antagonistic impacts, such as sickness, respiratory sadness and maintenance of pee, which constrain their application in day by day clinical hone. The point of this audit was to examine the current postoperative torment administration regimens for TKA. Our survey of the writing illustrated that multimodal absence of pain is considered the ideal regimen for perioperative torment administration of TKA and moves forward clinical results and persistent fulfillment, through a combination of a few sorts of solutions and conveyance courses, counting preemptive absence of pain, neuraxial anesthesia, fringe nerve barricade, patient-controlled absence of pain and neighborhood penetration absence of pain, and verbal opioid/nonopioid medicines. Multimodal absence of pain gives predominant torment help, advances recuperation of the knee, and decreases opioid utilization and related unfavorable impacts in patients experiencing TKA.
Electrochemical Charging of Thermal SiO2 Films by Injected Electron Currents

When electron currents flow in thermal SiO2 films which have been exposed to water, a buildup of negative charge occurs in the oxide. This paper describes a series of experiments designed to characterize this charging effect. It is found that if water is diffused into a SiO2 film, water related centers are formed which act like electron traps with capture cross section of approximately 1.5 × 10−17 cm2. Experiments are described which show that when one of these centers captures an electron, atomic hydrogen is released which diffuses away and escapes or reacts and a stable negative charge is left behind. Electrochemical charging effects of this type have not previously been considered, although they may play a very important role in some semiconductor device failure effects.
Nudging users towards better security decisions in password creation using whitebox-based multidimensional visualisations

ABSTRACT Nudging users to keep them secure online has become a growing research field in cybersecurity. While existing approaches are mainly blackbox based, showing aggregated visualisations as one-size-fits-all nudges, personalisation turned out promising to enhance the efficacy of nudges within the high variance of users and contexts. This article presents a disaggregated whitebox-based visualisation of critical information as a novel nudge. By segmenting users according to their decision-making and information processing styles, we investigate if the novel nudge is more effective for specific users than a common black-box nudge. Based on existing literature about critical factors in password security, we designed a dynamic radar chart and parallel coordinates as disaggregated visualisations. We evaluated the short-term effectiveness and users' perception of the nudges in a think-aloud prestudy and a representative online evaluation (N=1.012). Our findings suggest that dynamic radar charts present a moderately effective nudge towards stronger passwords regarding short-term efficacy and are appreciated particularly by players of role-playing games.
Hard Attention Control By Mutual Information Maximization

Biological agents have adopted the principle of attention to limit the rate of incoming information from the environment. One question that arises is if an artificial agent has access to only a limited view of its surroundings, how can it control its attention to effectively solve tasks? We propose an approach for learning how to control a hard attention window by maximizing the mutual information between the environment state and the attention location at each step. The agent employs an internal world model to make predictions about its state and focuses attention towards where the predictions may be wrong. Attention is trained jointly with a dynamic memory architecture that stores partial observations and keeps track of the unobserved state. We demonstrate that our approach is effective in predicting the full state from a sequence of partial observations. We also show that the agent's internal representation of the surroundings, a live mental map, can be used for control in two partially observable reinforcement learning tasks. Videos of the trained agent can be found at https://sites.google. com/view/hard-attention-control.
Utilization of Kirigami Skins as a Method of Creating Bespoke Soft Pneumatic Actuators

Soft pneumatic actuators have many applications in robotics and adaptive structures. Traditionally, these actuators have been constructed by wrapping layers of reinforcing helical fibers around an elastomeric tube. This approach is versatile and robust, but it suffers from a critical disadvantage: cumbersome fabrication procedures. Wrapping long helical filaments around a cylindrical tube requires expensive equipment or excessive manual labor. To address this issue, we propose a new approach towards designing and constructing pneumatic actuators by exploiting the principle of kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting. More specifically, we use “kirigami skins”—plastic sleeves with carefully arranged slit cuts—to replace the reinforcing helical fibers. This paper presents an initial investigation on a set of linear extension actuators featuring kirigami skins with a uniform array of cross-shaped, orthogonal cuts. When under internal pressurization, the rectangular-shaped facets defined by these cuts can rotate and induce the desired extension motion. Through extensive experiments, we analyze the elastic and plastic deformations of these kirigami skins alone under tension. The results show strongly nonlinear behaviors involving both in-plane facet rotation and out-of-plane buckling. Such a deformation pattern offers valuable insights into the actuator’s performance under pressure. Moreover, both the deformation characteristics and actuation performance are “programmable” by tailoring the cut geometry. A computational model was developed to predict the deformation pattern of the kirigami skins. This study lays down the foundation for constructing more capable Kirigami-skinned soft actuators that can achieve sophisticated motions. Additional design variables were implemented into the kirigami patterns to generate for rectangular and rhomboid elements. A kirigami skin defined by these parameters can produce a wide range of actuation patterns.
Title: On the Dynamic Acquisition of Electrical Signals for Structural Health Monitoring of Carbon Nanotube Doped Composites Authors:

In the last decades, the interest on fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) has increased due to their mechanical properties and weight saving potential. This has led to the development of novel inspection techniques, being the failure modes of composite structures complex to identify. In this regard, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) purposes, thanks to their excellent electrical properties and piezoresistive behavior, which ensure for SHM higher sensitivities than other conventional techniques. The correlation between electrical properties and mechanical behavior on CNT doped nanocomposites is well known, and several analytical and numerical models have been proposed. However, most of these studies considered static and quasi-static load configuration, whereas the dynamic electromechanical behavior still unknown. This work aims to develop a novel technique for dynamic acquisition of electrical signals for SHM using CNTs. For this purpose, impact and vibration analyses on multiscale CNT-doped glass FRP have been performed. Besides, fatigue tests on CFRP lap joints bonded by a CNT-doped adhesive have been carried out. SHM is carried out by means of voltage measurement during the tests. A potentiometer is used to keep the current constant so that voltage variations correspond to resistance changes across the specimen. Dynamic acquisition is carried out using a high frequency acquisition system. The results of impact, vibration and fatigue tests prove the validity and applicability of the acquisition system. The electrical signals have been correlated with the mechanical behavior of the material, providing information on the system dynamic response and, simultaneously, on damage propagation mode.
High Serum Asprosin Levels Are Associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome

Objective Asprosin, a new adipocytokine, has reportedly been associated with glucose release, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR). However, the relationship of asprosin with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate serum asprosin levels in MetS as well as their association with various metabolic parameters in humans. Methods A total of 131 consecutive patients with MetS, and 162 age-matched, healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Serum asprosin concentrations were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipid profile, glucose, insulin, and inflammatory markers were also measured. Results Serum asprosin levels were higher in subjects with MetS (23.52 [16.70, 32.05] ng/mL) than in controls (16.70 [12.87, 22.38] ng/mL; P < 0.01), and they showed an increasing trend with increasing numbers of metabolic components (P for trend < 0.01). In all studied subjects, serum asprosin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). In multiple linear regression, asprosin was independently and positively correlated with triglyceride and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression revealed that asprosin was independently and positively correlated with the occurrence of MetS and IR, even after controlling for anthropometric variables, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers. Conclusion Asprosin is a potential metabolic-related adipokine and may be related to IR and MetS. This trial was registered with ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018347.
Generation‐annealing kinetics of the interface donor states at 0.25 eV above the midgap and the turn‐around phenomena on oxidized silicon during avalanche electron injection

The generation and the annealing kinetics of the donorlike peaked interface density of states (DOS’s) at 0.25 eV about the midgap and the turn‐around phenomenon of the flat‐band voltage generated by the avalanche electron injection are reported. The generation of the peaked interface DOS follows a first‐order kinetics and it anneals out at 25 C following a second‐order kinetics. The devices with dry oxide show a small buildup of peaked DOS as well as a small turn‐around phenomenon. However, after a deionized (DI) water rinse before gate metallization, a large buildup of peaked DOS and turn‐around states were observed. After avalanche electron injection is terminated, in the devices with small peaked DOS, the midgap slowly drifts in the negative voltage direction under negative gate bias. However, in the devices with large peaked DOS, the midgap voltage slowly drifts in the positive gate voltage direction even under negative gate bias. Detailed analyses of both the generation and annealing data suggest tha.
Extended Wigner ’ s friend problem and the internal consistency of standard quantum mechanics

The extended Wigner’s friend problem deals with two Observers each measuring a sealed laboratory in which a friend is making a quantum measurement. We investigate this problem by relying on the basic rules of quantum mechanics as exposed by Feynman in the well-known “Feynman Lectures on Physics”. Although recent discussions have suggested that the extended Wigner’s friend problem cannot consistently be described by quantum theory, we show here that a straightforward application of these standard rules results in a non-ambiguous and consistent account of the measurement outcomes for all agents involved.
A Meta Analysis of Attention Models on Legal Judgment Prediction System

Artificial Intelligence in legal research is transforming the legal area in manifold ways. Pendency of court cases is a long-lasting problem in the judiciary due to various reasons such as lack of judges, lack of technology in legal services and the legal loopholes. The judicial system has to be more competent and more reliable in providing justice on time. One of the major causes of pending cases is the lack of legal intelligence to assist the litigants. The study in this paper reviews the challenges faced by judgment prediction system due to lengthy case facts using deep learning model. The Legal Judgment prediction system can help lawyers, judges and civilians to predict the win or loss rate, punishment term and applicable law articles for new cases. Besides, the paper reviews current encoding and decoding architecture with attention mechanism of transformer model that can be used for Legal Judgment Prediction system. Natural Language Processing using deep learning is an exploring field and there is a need for research to evaluate the current state of the art at the intersection of good text processing and feature representation with a deep learning model. This paper aims to develop a systematic review of existing methods used in the legal judgment prediction system and about the Hierarchical Attention Neural network model in detail. This can also be used in other applications such as legal document classification, sentimental analysis, news classification, text translation, medical reports and so on. Keywords—Legal judgment prediction; hierarchical attention neural network; text processing; transformer