Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Lipid Peroxidation in Meat and Meat Products -A Review

Lipid peroxidation is a primary cause of quality deterioration in meat and meat products. Free radical chain reaction is the mechanism of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical and hydroperoxyl radical are the major initiators of the chain reaction. Lipid peroxyl radical and alkoxyl radical formed from the initial react ions are also capable of abstracting a hydrogen atom from lipid molecules to initiate the chain reaction and propagating the chain reaction. Much attention has been paid to the role of iron as a primary catalyst of lipid peroxidation. Especially, heme protei ns such as myoglobin and hemoglobin and "free" iron have been regarded as major catalysts for initiation, and iron-oxygen complexes (ferryl and perferryl radical) are even considered as initiators of lipid peroxidation in meat and meat products. Yet , which iron type and how iron is involved in lipid peroxidation in meat are still debatable. This review is focused on the potential roles of ROS and iron as primary initiators and a major catalyst, respectively, on the development of lipid peroxidat ion in meat and meat products. Effects of various other factors such as meat species, muscle type, fat content, oxygen availability, cooking, storage temperature, the presence of salt that affect lipid peroxidation in meat and meat products are also discussed.
Personality and primary dysmenorrhea: a study using a five-factor model in Chinese university women

Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce/Ya z›fl m a Ad re si: Wei WANG, DSc, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Gsm: +57188208188 E-mail: drwang@doctor.com or wangmufan@msn.com Re cei ved/ G e liş ta ri h i: 30.12. 2010 Ac cep ted/ K a bul ta ri h i: 19.07. 2011 © Arc hi ves of Neu ropsy chi atry, pub lis hed by Ga le nos Pub lis hing. / Nö rop si ki yat ri Ar fli vi Der gi si, Ga le nos Ya y› ne vi ta ra f›n dan ba s›l m›fl t›r. ÖZET Am aç: Primer dismenoresi olanların, beş-faktör modelinde tanımlandığı gibi kişilik farklılıklarının olup olmadığını açık değildir. Yön tem : Anksiyetesi veya depresyonu olmayan primer dismenoreli 49 ve dismenoresi olmayan sağlıklı 142 üniversiteli kadın, Zuckerman-Kuhlman Kişilik Sorgulaması (ZKPQ) ve Dismenorenin İşlevsel ve Duygusal Ölçümü (FEMD) testleri ile değerlendirildi. Depresyon eğilimi Plutchik-van Praag Depresyon Envanteri (PVP), ağrı şiddeti görsel Analog Ölçeği ile Ölçüldü. Bul gu lar: Dismenoreli grupta, iki FEMD ölçeği, ZKPQ Nörotizm-Anksiyete ve İmpulsif Duyum Araştırma ölçekleri, görsel analog ölçeği ve PVP puanları kontrol grubuna göre yüksekti. Dismenore grubunda FEMD Duygusal ölçeği ile ZKPQ Aktivite ölçeği arasında pozitif korelasyon vardı. So nuç: Saf dismenoreli kadınlarla yapılan çalışmamızda, bu bozukluğun artmış Nörotizm-Anksiyete ve İmpulsif Duyum Yönelimi ile karakterize olduğu gösterilmiştir. (Nö rop si ki yat ri Ar fli vi 2012;49: 92-95) Anah tar ke li m e ler: Aktivite, impulsif duyum yönelimi, nörotizm-anksiyete, primer dismenore
Electronic Word-of-Mouth in Online Environments

ABSTRACT This article presents a network analysis of electronic word-of-mouth referral communication in a real life online environment. The goal of the paper was to clarify the existing terminology of electronic word-of-mouth behavior, to examine the kind of network structure that will emerge in the electronic environment, and finally to explore the impact of the network structure on the acceptance of an innovation in such a communication environment. Results indicated that the structure of an electronic communication network is different from the traditional interpersonal communication network structure. This study also showed that the network structure affects innovation adoption timing in the electronic communication environment, as a centralized network structure leads towards early adoption and as tie strength and adoption timing are related.
Effects of angiotensin, bradykinin and oxytocin on electrical and mechanical activities in the taenia coli of the guinea pig.

There have been published a number of papers dealing with the action of pharmacologically active polypeptides such as angiotensin, bradykinin and oxytocin on the visceral smooth muscle (1-9). However, no one has investigated into their effects on the membrane potential. Since the work of Evans and Schild (10, 11) it has been generally accepted that the effect on the spike generating mechanisms of smooth muscle is not only one way through which drugs can exert their actions on the contractility of smooth muscle. In other words, drugs would influence the contraction of smooth muscle without direct relationship to the spike discharges. Therefore it is highly desirable to observe the effect of these polypeptides on the membrane potential of smooth muscle simultaneously with their effect on the mechanical activity. The present studies were carried out along this line with the taenia coli of the guinea pig by recording changes in the membrane potential and spike discharges concurrently with the tension change. In the present article, it is also intended to decide the site of action of these polypeptides as it is uncertain whether they would act on smooth muscle directly or indirectly through nervous elements in smooth muscle. In contrast with some of the previous reports (1, 3, 4), which insisted on the participation of the indirect mechanism, it was revealed that all the three polypeptides act directly on the smooth muscle cells. Some of the results have been reported in brief (12).
A Review of the Research Literature on Management Accounting System

Management accounting system is recognized as the most important source of formal information in an organization as it plays a vital role in helping the managers of complex and hierarchical organizations by providing the information that enables them to plan, organize, and control the organizations. The purpose of this study is to enhance researchers’ knowledge on the evolution of management accounting and the changing roles of management accountants. This study aims to define management accounting system, describe the shortcoming of the traditional management accounting system, explain the strategic management accounting, and identify the changing role of management accountants. This study covers the evolution of management accounting and the changing roles of management accountants in parallel with the development of strategic management accounting.
RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM AND ITS THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has an important role in the control of blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, and in the regulation of salt and volume homeostasis of organisms as well as in the heart failure, and other related renal dysfunctions. Renin is the main protease enzyme of the RAS. In kidney, Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are most important site for renin production. Renin act on Angiotensinogen (AOG) and cleave Angiotensin I and form different Angiotensins-ANG II, ANG 1-7, ANG 1-9 using Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensin receptors (AT-R). RAS inhibition using βBlockers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), Direct Renin Inhibitors are proven important for the study of prevention of several renal diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, several drugs such as vitamin D receptor activators, endothelin antagonists, Aldosterone antagonists, or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 antagonists are also used in controlling blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and heart failure. Aliskiren, Enalapril and other inhibitors has proved a valuable therapeutic approach in different diseases.
Effectiveness of correlation and information measures for synthesis of recurrent algorithms for estimating spatial deformations of video sequences

A comparative analysis of the efficiency of correlation (cross-correlation, Tanimoto coefficient and Kendall's rank correlation coefficient) and information (mutual information of Tsallis and Shannon, F-information measure and entropy of the joint probability distribution) measures of image similarity for the synthesis of recursive estimation algorithms is presented for the problem of estimating parameters of spatial deformations of a sequence of images. Unbiased additive Gaussian noise was used as an interfering factor in the experimental studies. It is shown that the potentially high convergence rate of the estimated parameters and the smaller variance of the estimation error from the investigated correlation measures are ensured by the Tonimoto coefficient, and from the I-information of the F-information among the information measures. According to these criteria, the Kendall's rank correlation coefficient and the M-measure of F-information are inferior, respectively.
Gamma Interferon-Producing CD4+ T Lymphocytes in the Lung Correlate with Resistance to Infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT The human immune system efficiently limits the replication ofMycobacterium tuberculosis in most infected individuals. Only 5 to 10% of infected people develop clinical tuberculosis, a sign of the inability of the immune system to control the infection. We have studied the C3H/HeJ (C3H) and C57BL/6 (B6) inbred mouse strains, which differ in their susceptibility to tuberculosis, in order to ascertain the immunological determinants of a successful immune response againstM. tuberculosis and to establish a system to identify genes that influence susceptibility to tuberculosis. We found that the resistant B6 mice were able to control infection in both the lung and spleen, while susceptible C3H mice were incapable of limiting bacteria growth, especially in the lung, and succumbed to infection within 4 weeks. We determined that the susceptibility of C3H mice was independent of the Toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) genetic locus and allelic major histocompatibility complex differences. Although the splenic immune responses were similar in the two mouse strains, the local immune responses in the lungs of the infected mice differed greatly. The pulmonary immune response in resistant B6 mice was characterized by an early influx of both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes that produced gamma interferon (IFN-γ). In contrast, the immune response of C3H mice in the lung was characterized by a delayed and decreased influx of lymphocytes, which produced little IFN-γ. These results suggest an important role for the early appearance of IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes in the lung in resistance to infection with M. tuberculosis.
Molecular cloning and characterization of outer membrane protein E of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis

Outer membrane protein E (OMP E) is a 50-kDa protein of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. It is a potential vaccine antigen because it is expressed on the surface of the bacterium and has antigenic determinants which are conserved among most strains of M. catarrhalis. To clone the gene encoding OMP E, an EMBL-3 genomic library of strain 25240 was screened with a family of degenerate oligonucleotides based on the amino-terminal protein sequence. The OMP E gene was identified in one of the six positive clones by Southern blot analysis. An open reading frame of 1,377 bp encoding a protein of 460 amino acids was identified. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein of 436 amino acid residues was 47.03 kDa, which correlated well with the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein product of the OMP E gene had a leader peptide of 25 amino acids and a signal peptidase 1 cleavage site similar to those of known OMPs of Escherichia coli. The transcription initiation site of the OMP E gene was mapped by primer extension to be 78 nucleotides upstream of the ATG start codon. Borderline homology was found to the FadL protein of E. coli (49.1% similarity and 25.6% identity), which is involved in the binding and transport of fatty acids. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the OMP E genes of 19 different strains of M. catarrhalis showed that the OMP E gene is highly conserved. The high degree of conservation of sequences of the OMP E genes of M. catarrhalis from diverse sources, along with earlier observations that the protein contains antigenic determinants on the bacterial surface, indicates that OMP E should be studied further as a potential vaccine antigen.
Evaluating Control Performance on Building HVAC Controllers

Most controllers in Heating, Ventilation and Airconditioning (HVAC) applications remain the Proportional-Integral (PI) type. Poorly performing control loops is a common issue, resulting in wasted energy, reduced occupant comfort, and excessive and unnecessary wear of actuators. In this paper, different methods are evaluated for assessing the controller performance in HVAC applications. Each assement method is evaluated statistically using the simulation data from Modelica based heating and cooling coil models, which denote the good and two bad controls. Two performance indices are selected based on evaluations using the simulation data. These indices are further evaluated using real data from building HVAC control loops, which inlcude the hot water supply temperature control, hot water loop differential pressure control, room (served by VAV box) air temperature control, Air Handling Unit (AHU) supply air pressure control.
A conceptual framework for the analysis of vulnerability in supply chains

A conceptual framework for the analysis of vulnerability in supply chains is developed. The conceptual framework is limited to the inbound logistic flow of manufacturers. The study has been performed as a two‐step process. Step one explores the concept of vulnerability from the point of view of an inductive approach. The conceptual framework is generated and based on the empirical findings from a case study of a Swedish car manufacturer in the automotive industry. Step two is deductive in terms of testing in other industries the generated conceptual framework that originates from step one. The conceptual framework consists of two dimensions, namely categories of disturbance and sources of disturbance. Principally, categories of disturbance are divided into quantitative and qualitative disturbances. Sources of disturbance are divided into atomistic (direct) and holistic (indirect) disturbances. In addition, the specific criteria of an inbound logistic flow indicate how vulnerability in supply chains is proposed to be analysed according to the developed conceptual framework of vulnerability.
Reservoir animals for nephropathia epidemica in Norway: indications of a major role for the bank vole (C. glareolus) in comparison with the woodmouse (A. sylvaticus)

SUMMARY Small rodents were collected live in two different locations within a nephropathia epidemica (NE) endemic area, and tested for both antiviral serum antibodies and viral antigens in lung sections. In one location, only Apodemus sylvaticus (woodmice) were found in the traps, in the other, both A. sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus (bank voles) were collected. Among the woodmice from the former location the prevalence of NE virus markers was significantly lower than for either woodmice or bank voles from the other location, and no NE antigen-positive animals was found. The woodmice co-existing with bank voles had a lower prevalence of NE antigen and antibodies than the bank voles, and fewer woodmice had both antibodies and antigen. The results emphasize the important role of bank voles as a major NE virus reservoir and probable source of human infections.
C-Fos in enteric nerves after extrinsic denervation of guinea pig ileum.

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal function is controlled partly by an interaction between extrinsic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory) and intrinsic (enteric) nerves. However, normal gut function occurs in the absence of extrinsic innervation as enteric nerves adapt to the loss of extrinsic nerves from the gut wall. Expression of the proto-oncogene product, c-Fos, is a signal for activity-dependent changes in gene expression and immunocytochemical detection of c-Fos is used as a marker for changes in neuronal activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if enteric neurons in guinea pig ileum respond to loss of extrinsic innervation by expressing c-Fos protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fos protein was localized using immunohistochemical methods and an antiserum raised against synthetic Fos. Segments of ileum were extrinsically denervated by crushing the mesenteric nerves in anesthetized animals or by treating animals with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) or capsaicin to destroy sympathetic and extrinsic sensory nerves, respectively. RESULTS One week after surgical extrinsic denervation of loops of ileum, 12 +/- 1 nuclei/submucosal ganglion and 114 +/- 6 nuclei/myenteric ganglion contained Fos immunoreactivity (ir). These values were greater (P < 0.05) than those from unoperated segments from the same animals (4 +/- 1 Fos-ir nuclei/submucosal ganglion and 13 +/- 4 Fos-ir nuclei/myenteric ganglion) or from sham-operated segments. Significantly more nuclei contained Fos-ir at 4, 7, 10, and 24 weeks after denervation. Finally, capsaicin or 6-OH-DA treatment increased the number of Fos-ir nuclei in enteric ganglia. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Fos expression may be part of the adaptation of enteric nerves to extrinsic denervation.
Gridification and workflow scheduling for the German D-grid

In recent years, scientists from many domains have discovered Grid technology which offers new possibilities for solving problems that are difficult to handle with traditional distributed computing. In the first part of this thesis we examine the process to enable life science applications for execution on the Grid. Such applications often require the analysis of very large data sets and consist of several successive program runs. As a case study we describe the adaptation of the genefinding tool AUGUSTUS to Grid computing in the context of the MediGRID virtual organization which is part of the German D-Grid. At first we show how the application can be run manually on Grid resources by means of the Grid middleware. Afterwards, we describe how the application is represented as a Petri net workflow comprising several tasks which are automatically distributed to appropriate Grid resources by an advanced workflow engine. Finally, we show how a convenient graphical user interface for end users is created within a portal framework. In the second part of the thesis we concentrate on general Grid workflow scheduling in MediGRID which is concerned with the mapping of workflow tasks to Grid resources. We start our analysis with measurements of the availability of resources in D-Grid and identify four problems inherent to meta-scheduling that make Grid scheduling nearly always a delicate task. To address these issues we present three methods to estimate the queue waiting times of the prevalent cluster resources. Additionally, we propose three selection algorithms to automatically select the best current estimation method. Evaluation shows that prediction works very well on most resources and recognizes the peaks in waiting times that can last up to hours. For the scheduling of workflow tasks we propose and evaluate a two-tier approach that combines contemporary scheduling strategies for workflows and for Grids, and that is suitable for production environments. The first tier uses a list scheduling heuristic to create a full-ahead schedule of tasks based on predictions of task execution times. The second tier performs a just-in-time mapping of the prioritized tasks to resources according to performance predictions that incorporate the estimated queue waiting times. In the end, the two-tier approach is integrated into the MediGRID workflow engine. We assess the improved scheduling by measurements and demonstrate a significant acceleration of up to 28% in workflow processing compared to the existing strategies.
Systems Thinking in Supply Chain Measurements

Both practitioners and research scientists have noted a number of problems regarding measurement activities during the past decade. The problems reported suggest that measurement activities are fragmented both within and across organizations. Expands on a systems perspective on supply chain measurements and describes how problems can be communicated, understood and managed by developing methods and tools for describing interrelationships within supply chains. Empirical evidence from a case study of a Swedish home furnishing business supply chain provides data suggesting that firms within a supply chain cannot simply be categorized as either having adopted systems thinking or not. Rather, both structured models indicating a high degree of systems thinking, and problems showing fragmentation, are present. A performance model, which is used to reflect the systemic structure of an underlying supply chain and a potential integrator, is introduced and suggested as the focus of future research initiatives within supply chain measurements.
Visual cognitive tests, central auditory function and auditory communication

A cognitive, text-based test battery, presented as text on a computer screen (TIPS), was used to assess properties of central cognitive processing relevant for visual and audiovisual speech comprehension. TIPS was compared and contrasted with another, purely auditory, battery, ACE, aimed at assessing afferent (A), central (C) and efferent (E) auditory communicative functions. The results show that there is no overlap with the 'A' component, but some overlap between TIPS parameters and the 'C' component, especially when the auditory-language tests are used in the C estimate. However, the TIPS parameters show high correlations with the 'E' component (i.e. measuring output and phonological parameters), suggesting that the efferent component may be composed of an interesting central feature. TIPS parameters do not fare as well in the predictions of the auditory ecological test performances, but the ACE parameters do, especially when organized according to a cognitive complexity parameter. In order to optimize the conceptual and practical benefit of the TIPS and ACE concepts, TIPS needs to be adapted auditorily and ACE tests need to be audiovisual. These developments will become important for ecological audiology.
Peripheral Tolerance in Transgenic Mice: Tolerance to Class II MHC and non‐MHC Transgene Antigens

Itnmunological toleratice to self is one of the central issues in the study of the immune system, for it is important to understand how a system devised for aggression against foreign antigens can prevent aggression against self. Most of us accept on faith that the immune system will be tolerized to all those antigens expressed in the developing organism. For immunologists, however, that faith is only the beginning of the real question; that is, how is the immune system component of the immune system trained to recognize all of those antigens? If the T-lymphocyte component of the immune system is generated in only one organ (the thymus), then how can the developing cells be exposed to all of the body's tissue-specific antigens? Perhaps more importantly, why does the system fail and cause autoimmune disease? Many of the body's self antigens are present in such abundance that they are easily presented within the thymus to developing T cells. Tolerance to such antigens has been shown to involve deletion of the reactive clones (Kisielow et al, 1988, Sha et al, 1988, Kappler et al, 1987), However, tolerance must also be induced to less abundant antigens, especially those tissue-specific antigens expressed only in nonlymphoid cells. These antigens are referred to as peripheral antigens, and immunological tolerance to them is defined as peripheral tolerance. Although the questions concerning peripheral tolerance are the same as those