Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Grapevine virus A and Grapevine leafroll‐associated viruses 1 and 3 by Planococcus ficus and Planococcus citri fed on mixed‐infected plants

The Grapevine virus A (GVA) and Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1 and 3 (GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3) are associated with grapevine diseases that induce severe reductions in yield and berry quality. These three viruses are known to coexist in both grapevine and insect vectors, but their cotransmission has been poorly characterised so far. This study investigates the acquisition and transmission of GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3 and GVA by Planococcus ficus and Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) following feeding on multiple-infected plants. The retention and load of the three viruses in the two insect species were analysed. After feeding onto GVA, GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 mixed-infected grapevines, nymphs of P. ficus and P. citri showed similar virus acquisition rates and retained low quantities of viruses until the third post-acquisition day. Despite the similar acquisition patterns, the two vectors differed in transmission efficiency: P. ficus showed a higher efficiency in transmitting GVA and GLRaV-3, whereas P. citri transmitted GLRaV-1 more efficiently. When focusing on the virus cotransmission, it appears that GVA could be transmitted to grapevine without GLRaV-1 and/or GLRaV-3 and that the transmission of both GLRaVs could take place in the absence of GVA. This comparative study involving different viruses and vector species improves the current knowledge of the semi-persistent transmission of these three viruses and contributes to the understanding of grapevine virus epidemiology.
Automatic Segmentation Based on the Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image Using a Modified Fully Convolutional Network

Segmentation of the cardiac magnetic resonance image (MRI) is an indispensable step for evaluating the cardiac function. For the cardiac MRI segmentation, the traditional methods need to manually segment the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV) and myocardium (MYO), which is time-consuming and prone to mistakes. Therefore, it is still desirable to develop automatic MRI segmentation methods. Inspired by the power of deep neural networks, we propose an image-to-image modified Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) to perform the cardiac MRI segmentation. Firstly, the MRI data is preprocessed. Then, the preprocessed data is fed into modified FCN which is designed to learn the low-layer and high-layer representations from the cardiac MRI. The model of modified FCN is directly trained using cardiac MRI and a corresponding ground truth. Finally, a novel constraint scheme is introduced by combining the region loss ( R L o ss ) with the multi-class cross-entropy loss ( C L o ss ) to learn the more representative features. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a good achievement with the manual MRI segmentation results and outperforms the previous approaches in terms of the Dice Similarity Coefficient, Hausdorff distance and sensitivity.
A Modal Approach to no-clauses in Japanese

This paper examines the relation of embedding predicates and embedded clause-selection in Japanese, focusing on no-clauses. After investigating the distributional tendencies of embedding predicates, this paper proposes that, though no-clauses denote a set of events, each embedding predicate provides further conditions for the interpretation, e.g., a condition on a modal base, which is important in the (non)entailment of the proposition expressed by the complement clause, and a restriction on the theta-role of the embedded event.
Evaluation of nasal septal deviation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis – an interrater agreement study

Background: The significance of nasal septal deviations may be hard to evaluate. Patient history, clinical examination, nasal endoscopy and sinus CT scans contribute in the evaluation. We aimed to investigate the interrater agreement in the evaluation of nasal septal deviations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methodology: A total of 30 patients were included in the study. Three rhinologists using nasal endoscopy evaluated the presence and degree of septal deviation. A rhinologist and a radiologist also evaluated the presence and degree of septal deviation on sinus CT scans. Interrater agreement was measured using unweighted Fleiss’ kappa (K f ). Results: In the endoscopic evaluation of septal deviation, the raters attained a K f of 0.31 (SE 0.12), 0.33 (SE 0.11) and 0.37 (SE 0.11) for the assessment of anterior deviations, inferior/posterior deviations and deviations by the perpendicular plate, respectively. In the radiologic evaluation of septal deviation, the raters attained a K f of 0.52 (SE 0.13), 0.63 (SE 0.16) and 0.38 (SE 0.16) for the assessment of anterior deviations, inferior/posterior deviations and deviations by the perpendicular plate, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed a limited agreement in the endoscopic evaluation of septal deviation. Conversely, a higher agreement was achieved in the radiologic evaluation. Sinus CT scans might be a helpful objective examination technique, but it cannot be an alternative to clinical evaluation using acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry or Peak Nasal Inspiratory flow.
The Recent Application Of Palm Stearin In Food Industry: A Review

Palm oil is divided into two main fractions, namely solid fraction called palm stearin (PS) and liquid fraction called palm olein (PO). The separation of this fraction aims to increase the potential application of palm oil, especially palm stearin, which has flexible melting characteristics for various food industries. This review presents various uses of palm stearin for the food industry. The use of stearin is not only for fat-based food but also as a substitute material that can affect the physical and chemical characteristics of other food products. The more advanced the technology, the more research is developing the potential of stearin with various treatments, especially through interesterification technology. The uses of palm stearin for the food industry include polysaccharide-based coating substitutes, margarine, shortening, cocoa butter replacers, lard replacers, and emulsion products. Palm stearin has a good effect on the physicochemical, functional, sensorial properties of various food products.
Identification of the effect of axonal coupling to the glial matrix on axonal kinematics

The axonal kinematic response to different level of strain was examined in developing chick embryo spinal cords. Spinal cords were dissected from chick embryos at different days of development (E12, E14, E16, and E18), and the myelination of chick embryo spinal cord was characterized by immunohistochemical labeling of myelin basic protein (MBP), which is synthesized in the myelination process. Spinal cords at each developmental stage were dissected, exposed to different stretch ratios (1.05, 1.1, 1.15, 1.20), and fixed with paraformaldehyde at the stretched length. Spinal cords were then sectioned, stained immunohistochemically for neurofilament proteins, and imaged with epifluorescence microscopy. The tortuosities of hundreds of axons were traced by measuring the actual pathlength and the end-to-end length of randomly selected individual axons. The tortuosity distribution of axons before and after stretch was examined. During development, the length of the spinal cord increased 55% from E12E18 and white matter tracts were significantly myelinated. Axons in the unstretched spinal cord at each development stage were undulated. After stretching the spinal cord, axons straightened, with the decrease in tortuousity dependent on the development stage. The results indicated that in unstretched embryonic chick spinal cords, the average tortuosity of axons decreases naturally during development. Also, the percentage of
Leveraging Class Hierarchies with Metric-Guided Prototype Learning

Not all errors are created equal. This is especially true for many key machine learning applications. In the case of classification tasks, the severity of errors can be summarized under the form of a cost matrix, which assesses the gravity of confusing each pair of classes. When the target classes are organized into a hierarchical structure, this matrix defines a metric. We propose to integrate this metric in a new and versatile classification layer in order to model the disparity of errors. Our method relies on jointly learning a feature-extracting network and a set of class representations, or prototypes, which incorporate the error metric into their relative arrangement in the embedding space. Our approach allows for consistent improvement of the severity of the network's errors with regard to the cost matrix. Furthermore, when the induced metric contains insight on the data structure, our approach improves the overall precision as well. Experiments on four different public datasets -- from agricultural time series classification to depth image semantic segmentation -- validate our approach.
Meta Data Integrity Verification With Face Recognition Authentication Technique In Cloud Computing

: Cloud computing makes data available to the end user in a 24 x 7 x 365 access time, anywhere and anything. Tsunami of Internet of Things (IoT) connections and data relies more on the Cloud servers where data storage and access takes place. Cloud computing technology has multiple internal and external cloud servers together to provide high interoperability capabilities associated with a single or multiple Cloud Service Provider (CSP). The most attractive cloud service is Data Outsourcing. Any type of data file (text, word, audio, video, image, excel and portable document format files) will be encrypted first using hybrid algorithm ECC-AES (Elliptic curve Cryptography – Advanced Encryption Standard). Then file is outsourced to the cloud. Any authenticated user whose face is recognized for authentication can download the file and decrypt the cipher file. Receiver should decrypt the encrypted file using the same hybrid algorithm ECC-AES. Integrity of the outsourced file is checked using meta data integrity verification technique of parent directory path ID. This paper discusses about three different entities: sender, receiver and attacker with three different ports whose keys are checked for processing. Cyber storms come from clouds, so that security for IoT devices is not enough. Plain text attack, Cipher text attack, Chosen cipher text attack, Chosen plain text attack, brute force attack and dictionary attack are prevented in this paper. Index Terms : Cloud Computing, Integrity, Meta data, ECC and AES encryption algorithms.
Measuring transferability issues in machine-learning force fields: the example of gold–iron interactions with linearized potentials

Machine-learning force fields have been increasingly employed in order to extend the possibility of current first-principles calculations. However, the transferability of the obtained potential cannot always be guaranteed in situations that are outside the original database. To study such limitation, we examined the very difficult case of the interactions in gold–iron nanoparticles. For the machine-learning potential, we employed a linearized formulation that is parameterized using a penalizing regression scheme which allows us to control the complexity of the obtained potential. We showed that while having a more complex potential allows for a better agreement with the training database, it can also lead to overfitting issues and a lower accuracy in untrained systems.
Antiderivative antialiasing in nonlinear wave digital filters

A major problem in the emulation of discrete-time nonlinear systems, such as those encountered in Virtual Analog modeling, is aliasing distortion. A trivial approach to reduce aliasing is oversampling. However, this solution may be too computationally demanding for real-time applications. More advanced techniques to suppress aliased components are arbitrary-order Antiderivative Antialiasing (ADAA) methods that approximate the reference nonlinear function using a combination of its antiderivatives of different orders. While in its original formulation it is applied only to memoryless systems, recently, the applicability of first-order ADAA has been extended to stateful systems employing their statespace description. This paper presents an alternative formulation that successfully applies arbitrary-order ADAA methods to Wave Digital Filter models of dynamic circuits with one nonlinear element. It is shown that the proposed approach allows us to design ADAA models of the nonlinear elements in a fully local and modular fashion, independently of the considered reference circuit. Further peculiar features of the proposed approach, along with two examples of applications, are discussed.
Xtings -160: A Strong Diffusion Property Novel Hashing Algorithm

: This paper proposed for a novel hash algorithm called XTINGS - 160 Hash. Existing hash algorithm that is commonly used such as MD5 and SHA-1 are no longer safe to use and is vulnerable to brute force attacks. The proposed novel hash algorithm produces a 160-bit message digest having six rounds of calculation on the right half 64 bit of plaintext. The paper also illustrates how the final design of algorithm was achieved. The first two designs produce an 80 bit message digest and had contributed into attaining the XTINGS Hash algorithm which is the final design. Findings revealed that the Novel Hash Algorithm was able to meet the avalanche effect minimum expected rate of 50% in just six rounds. The novel hash algorithm is showing significant result that displays the characteristic of cryptographic property of diffusion with a robust hash function.
Research on Microgrid Power Direct Transaction Behavior Based on Blockchain

Because data mining has a good processing capacity for data, the clustering analysis of the historical data which is direct transactions of microgrid power provides a reliable technical support. In order to solve the problem of the imbalance between the power demand of users and the power supply of the grid in the direct transaction of microgrid power, an algorithm based on spectral clustering combined with empirical rules is proposed in this paper. The historical data (such as electricity energy, quotation submission time, and transaction price) between users and power suppliers who complete transaction settlement through the blockchain is used for clustering analysis by this method. By analyzing the clustering results, a reliable adjustment scheme to control the balance of supply and demand in microgrid power market is obtained. Through simulation experiments, the feasibility of the direct power trading model based on blockchain and the effectiveness of the algorithm based on spectral clustering combined with empirical rules are verified, so as to obtain the variation law of electricity demand and electricity price in different time periods.
Survey Of Indoor Positioning Techniques And Systems For Mobile Nodes

: Wireless indoor positioning frameworks are extremely well known as of late. The positioning systems are being useful in successful implementation of applications like inventory management, fire rescue operations in a building etc. This paper provides a review of existing algorithms, techniques and metrics followed in wireless positioning system and endeavors to arrange different calculations and frameworks. Three area estimation plans, for example, proximity/closeness, scene investigation and triangulation are discussed. We analyzed the usage of finger printing method in recent systems extensively as it is used in many systems. Then we examined various properties on evaluating the algorithms and using these evaluation schemes for the survey of existing systems. We also used parameters like accuracy, position error, etc. for comparing the performance of recent algorithms.
Algal blooms, circulators, waterfowl, and eutrophic Greenfield Lake, North Carolina

ABSTRACT Mallin MA, McIver MR, Wambach EJ, Robuck AR. 2016. Algal blooms, circulators, waterfowl, and eutrophic Greenfield Lake, North Carolina. Lake Reserv Manage. 32:168–181. Lake rehabilitation measures can sometimes have unintended consequences, including increasing certain eutrophication symptoms. An example involves Greenfield Lake, an urban blackwater impoundment within the City of Wilmington, North Carolina. This popular recreational impoundment has experienced noxious phytoplankton and macrophyte blooms, anoxia and hypoxia, and fish kills for many years. Chlorophyll a and biological oxygen demand are strongly correlated within the lake, indicating that decaying algal blooms are an important source of oxygen demand resulting in low dissolved oxygen. Nutrient addition bioassays demonstrated that the phytoplankton strongly responded to nitrogen (N) inputs. Spatially, ammonium, nitrate, and N/P ratios were higher in the upper lake compared with the lower lake, indicating tributary input of inorganic N, whereas phosphorus (P) was higher in the lower lake. A year-long survey indicated that waterfowl, especially cormorants, contributed somewhat to the lake's total N load but a considerable amount of P, particularly in winter. The lake sediments apparently function as P reservoirs, supplying P to the water column during summer, setting the stage for runoff-induced nitrate pulses and subsequent algal blooms. Lake restoration measures initiated in 2005 included installation of solar-powered circulators, introduction of grass carp, and herbicide treatments. These measures resulted in loss of surface macrophyte and algal mats and reduced dissolved oxygen violations but led to a significant increase in phytoplankton chlorophyll a and a tripling of chlorophyll a standard violations in comparison with pre-restoration years. The increased chlorophyll a violations have led to inclusion of the lake on the North Carolina 303(d) list of impaired waters.
Analyzing The Impact Of Weather Parameters On Thermal Behavior Of A Building In Composite Climate In India Through Predictive Modeling

Rapid globalization increases the growing demand of energy in building sector all over the world. Building inner environment is highly influenced by the outer weather conditions and directly affects the cooling or heating demand of buildings. Many studies report relationship between outdoor weather conditions and occupants thermal comfort behavior and it is very important to provide comfort inside the building as people spend most of their time indoors. The present study have examined the significance of outdoor weather parameters (ambient temperature, humidity, global radiation, wind speed and wind direction) with respect to the outer wall temperature of all the four walls and roof of the building situated in composite climate near Delhi. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS to quantify the effect of these attributes on the inside temperature. A high value of coefficient of determination (R2) achieved during the study (between 0.7-0.86 for various walls) indicate that the variable selected in the study are able to explain 7080% variability in the inside wall temperature. Outside physical parameters plays a vital role in improving the indoor comfort of the occupants. The model clearly indicates the prime factor which influence the inside temperature or thermal comfort of the building situated in composite climate and also it helps the engineers and architects to modify the building design as per the most affected parameter for the particular climate.
Sources of primordial matter in the asteroid belt

Asteroids are numerous small bodies orbiting the sun with heliocentric distances mainly between that of Mars and Jupiter. They have diverse compositions, ranging from metallic [27], to rocky, to carbonaceous [13], to water[7, 25] and organic-rich [4]. These last categories include objects that compositionally may form a continuum with comets [10], which also contain important amount of water ice [9, 5, 23], organics [3] and other volatile compounds [20, 17]. The volatile-rich composition indicates that these bodies formed in the cold regions of the protoplanetary disk [19], probably much farther away than one astronomical unit from the Sun. Some of these bodies might also contain matter that formed before our Sun was born, in the interstellar
Crambescidins: new antiviral and cytotoxic compounds from the sponge Crambe crambe

The present invention is directed to several novel compounds isolated from the sponge Crambe crambe, and designated herein as Crambescidin 816 (Compound 1), Crambescidin 830 (Compound 2), Crambescidin 844 (Compound 3), and Crambescidin 800 (Compound 4), as well as several derivatives thereof. The 816, 830, 844 and 800 compounds are four preferred species of complex pentacyclic guanidines linked by a linear ω-hydroxy fatty acid to a hydroxyspermidine, that have been obtained by a bioassay-guided isolation procedure, involving solvent partition and chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, cyano, and C-18 columns, from extracts of the red, encrusting sponge Crambe crambe (Order Poecilosclerida, Family Esperiopsidae).
Role of CMR Mapping Techniques in Cardiac Hypertrophic Phenotype

Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases potentially leading to heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, and eventually death. Myocardial dysfunction is associated with different underlying pathological processes, ultimately inducing changes in morphological appearance. Thus, classification based on presenting morphological phenotypes has been proposed, i.e., dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, and right ventricular cardiomyopathies. In light of the key diagnostic and prognostic role of morphological and functional features, cardiovascular imaging has emerged as key element in the clinical workflow of suspected cardiomyopathies, and above all, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) represents the ideal technique to be used: thanks to its physical principles, besides optimal spatial and temporal resolutions, incomparable contrast resolution allows to assess myocardial tissue abnormalities in detail. Traditionally, weighted images and late enhancement images after gadolinium-based contrast agent administration have been used to perform tissue characterization, but in the last decade quantitative assessment of pre-contrast longitudinal relaxation time (native T1), post-contrast longitudinal relaxation time (post-contrast T1) and transversal relaxation time (T2), all displayed with dedicated pixel-wise color-coded maps (mapping), has contributed to give precious knowledge insight, with positive influence of diagnostic accuracy and prognosis assessment, mostly in the setting of the hypertrophic phenotype. This review aims to describe the available evidence of the role of mapping techniques in the assessment of hypertrophic phenotype, and to suggest their integration in the routine CMR evaluation of newly diagnosed cardiomyopathies with increased wall thickness.
A Review On Different Techniques Used To Detect The Malicious Applications For Securing The Android Operating System

: Android is an open source operating system which is mainly used for the smartphones, there are other operating systems also exist for smartphones such as IOS and windows. Majority of the people have the Android operating system and as it is open source malware attacker mainly attacks this system to gain user personal information or to harm the privacy. There are different ways to attack through the malicious application and thus its prevention and detection is the major issue. This paper discusses some of the techniques used to detect malicious applications to secure the Android operating system.