Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forty years history of physical medicine and rehabilitation in Iran.

J Rehabil Med 43 © 2011 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0785 Journal Compilation © 2011 Foundation of Rehabilitation Information. ISSN 1650-1977 While physical modalities and therapeutic exercise have been used traditionally in Persian medicine, some rehabilitation issues have also been discussed, in particular, in The Canon of Medicine by Avicenna (980–1037). For example, the recommendation of long-term exercise for weak limbs (1), the benefits of moderate-intensity exercise, and his concept of pain (2). Modern rehabilitation medicine practice in Iran dates back to 1951 with the participation of physicians in the military and public health systems (3). Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) was introduced into the academic health system with the education of medical students in Shiraz University in 1967 (4) and Tehran University in 1971 by physiatrists who supported the education of medical students in this field. Soon afterwards, Shafa Yahiaian Rehabilitation Hospital was set up in Tehran and quickly became well-known internationally as an outstanding inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation centre. The Iranian Society of PM&R was established in 1973. After the Iranian revolution Shiraz University of Medical Sciences became the pioneering participant in education. In 1979, just at the start of the Iran–Iraq war, the first residency training was set up (3). The Iranian Board of PM&R was established in 1982. Residency programmes were subsequently established in other areas, mainly by graduates of this department, and now include seven departments, training approximately 20 residents annually through a 3-year programme after medical school and the fulfilment of 2 years’ general practice. PM&R residency positions are now among the most highly competitive positions. A 1-month elective programme for medical interns at Shiraz and Tabriz University and short courses in other universities have increased the popularity of this field with young physicians. In private practice, PM&R wards have been set up in the most reputed hospitals and have a substantial role in the introduction of PM&R into the healthcare system. Fewer than 250 physiatrists are currently practising in Iran, which has a population of 70 million. However, this specialty is growing rapidly in different fields.
Changes Of Intraocular Pressure In Vitrectomised Eyes After Removal Of Silicone Oil.

BACKGROUND Patients with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop raised intraocular pressure (IOP) when they undergo pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil. The present study was done to document changes in IOP with silicone oil and after its removal. METHODS The interventional study was conducted at Eye department of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from August 2012 to July 2014 on 30 patients with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in whom pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection was indicated. IOP readings were obtained on 1st postoperative day, at one month and at 6 months; the silicone oil was removed after the third reading and the IOP readings obtained after 2 weeks. RESULTS Of the 30 patients selected for the study, there were 25 (83.3%) males and 5 (16.7%) females with ages ranging from 12-80 years (mean age 41.83±21.43 years). The mean of three pre silicone oil removal IOP readings was 27.35±9.20 mmHgwhich was reduced to a mean of 16.10±6.14mmHg following the removal of silicone oil at 6 months (p<0.001). Postoperative raised IOP values were highly predictive of persistently elevated IOP readings in patients after six months. CONCLUSIONS Vitrectomised eyes with silicone oil raised intraocular pressure which was reduced after silicone oil removal.
La réponse d'un modèle régional du climat aux erreurs du pilote

Un Modele Regional du Climat (MRC) est un important outil d'analyse pour les projections sur les changements climatiques et les implications engendrees a l'echelle regionale. Dans ce cas, le MRC est pilote a ses frontieres par des donnees qui proviennent d'un Modele de Circulation Generale Couple (MCGC) qui, evidemment, contiennent des erreurs. Nous cherchons a savoir si le MRC amplifie ou attenue ces erreurs, et quelles repercussions ces erreurs a grande echelle ont sur les petites echelles generees par le MRC. Cette etude analyse la reponse d'un MRC aux erreurs contenues dans les donnees de pilotage en utilisant le protocole experimental appele « Grand Frere ». Elle permet de separer les erreurs dues au pilotage des autres erreurs du modele et d'evaluer les petites echelles developpees par un MRC. Un climat de reference est etabli comme le resultat d'une simulation d'un MRC a haute resolution effectuee sur un grand domaine: il est nomme le Grand Frere Parfait (GFP). Pour introduire d'une maniere controlee des erreurs dans les donnees du pilote, un ensemble de simulations d'un MRC a ete realise sur des domaines de plus en plus grands et avec une resolution plus faible : ces simulations sont nommees les Grands Freres Imparfaits (GFI). Les donnees de sorties du GFI sont utilisees, apres le filtrage de petites echelles, pour piloter un autre ensemble de simulations du MRC sur un domaine plus petit, nommees Petits Freres (PF). Les differences entre les statistiques climatiques des simulations du GFI et celles du GFP illustrent les erreurs contenues dans les donnees de pilotage. La comparaison entre les statistiques climatiques des simulations du PF et celles du GFP permet d'evaluer les erreurs du MRC imputables au pilotage avec des donnees imparfaites. Les resultats d'experiences effectuees sur un domaine de l'est de l'Amerique du Nord pour la saison d'hiver montrent que le PF reproduit les erreurs des grandes echelles de son GFI et corrige partiellement les erreurs de petites echelles causees par la resolution grossiere du pilote. Donc, pour la periode et les domaines utilises dans cette etude, le MRC est fortement dependant de la qualite des donnees de pilotage. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : Modele Regional du Climat, Donnees de pilotage, Experience Grand Frere, Petites echelles, Conditions aux frontieres laterales.
Radioautographic observations on iron absorption by the duodenum of mice with iron overload, iron deficiency, and x-linked anemia.

The uptake of iron by the absorptive cells of the duodenum, and its subsequent transfer to the lamina propria, has been studied using 55Fe and high-resolution radioautography in mice rendered iron deficient by diet, in mice with dietary iron overload, and in mice with hereditary malabsorption of iron ( s/a ). In all, as in normally iron replete mice, two phases of iron absorption can be distinguished. There is an early active phase of uptake and transfer, followed by a second "storage" phase. The pathway of iron absorption is qualitatively similar to the normal with rapid uptake by the brush border, passage through the terminal web to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and areas rich in free ribosomes. Iron passes through the lateral cell membrane, intercellular spaces and epithelial basement membrane to the vessels of the lamina propria. The rough endoplasmic reiculum and areas rich in free ribosomes form the major localization of iron at all stages of absorption. Only a relatively small amount of radioactive iron is found over ferritin in iron-loaded mice and mice with s/a ; morphologically recognizable ferritin was not observed at any stage in iron-deficient animals. Significant numbers of grains have not been seen over mitochondria in any group of animals studied. In iron-deficient mice, the rate of uptake and of transfer of iron is increased. With the 10 µg dose of iron used, all iron taken up by the absorptive cell is transferred to the lamina propria within 3 hr, with none remaining in the cell during the second, storage phase. In mice with iron overload, transfer of iron is decreased, resulting in considerable storage of iron in the cell. In s/a mice, uptake does not appear to be unduly reduced, but transfer is reduced, thereby resulting in increased storage of iron in the absorptive cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and areas rich in free ribosomes appear to play an important role in the uptake, transfer, and storage of iron by the absorptive cell regardless of the state of the body iron stores. Ferritin would seem to have a less important part in iron absorption, possibly acting as a storage or detoxifying mechanism.
Ferredoxin:NADP(H) Oxidoreductase Abundance and Location Influences Redox Poise and Stress Tolerance1

The abundance and location of ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase in the chloroplast influences free radical production, chloroplast redox poise and plant stress perception. In linear photosynthetic electron transport, ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR) transfers electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) to NADP+. Both NADPH and reduced Fd (Fdred) are required for reductive assimilation and light/dark activation/deactivation of enzymes. FNR is therefore a hub, connecting photosynthetic electron transport to chloroplast redox metabolism. A correlation between FNR content and tolerance to oxidative stress is well established, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the impact of altered FNR content and localization on electron transport and superoxide radical evolution in isolated thylakoids, and probed resulting changes in redox homeostasis, expression of oxidative stress markers, and tolerance to high light in planta. Our data indicate that the ratio of Fdred to FNR is critical, with either too much or too little FNR potentially leading to increased superoxide production, and perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription. In FNR overexpressing plants, which show more NADP(H) and glutathione pools, improved tolerance to high-light stress indicates that disturbance of chloroplast redox poise and increased free radical generation may help “prime” the plant and induce protective mechanisms. In fnr1 knock-outs, the NADP(H) and glutathione pools are more oxidized relative to the wild type, and the photoprotective effect is absent despite perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription.
Random Transposition by Tn916 inDesulfitobacterium dehalogenans Allows for Isolation and Characterization of Halorespiration-Deficient Mutants

ABSTRACT To allow for the molecular analysis of halorespiration by the strictly anaerobic gram-positive bacterium Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans, halorespiration-deficient mutants were selected and characterized following insertional mutagenesis by the conjugative transposon Tn916. To facilitate rapid screening of transconjugants, a highly efficient method for the growth of single colonies on solidified medium has been developed. A streptomycin-resistant mutant of D. dehalogenans was isolated and mated with Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 carrying Tn916. Insertion of one or two copies of Tn916 into the chromosome of D. dehalogenanswas observed. From a total of 2,500 transconjugants, 24 halorespiration-deficient mutants were selected based upon their inability to use 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as an electron acceptor. Physiological characterization led to the definition of three phenotypic classes of mutants that differed in their ability to use the additional terminal electron acceptors nitrate and fumarate. The activities of hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase were determined, and the transposon insertion sites in selected mutants representing the different classes were analyzed on the sequence level following amplification by inverse PCR. The results of the molecular characterization as well as the pleiotropic phenotypes of most mutants indicate that genes coding for common elements shared by the different respiratory chains present in the versatile D. dehalogenans have been disrupted.
Contracultura y asentamientos alternativos en la España de los 90 un estudio de antropología social

Este estudio antropologico analiza los movimientos contraculturales de la ultima mitad del siglo XX, en el escenario de la peninsula iberica de los anos 90, basandose principalmente en el caso de los rebotados de las ciudades que buscan en el campo el escenario de una alternativa, nacida del rechazo a la sociedad circundante y en construccion permanente. Back-to-the-land, new travellers, hippies, son todas palabras anglosajonas con las que se ha bautizado a estos grupos, mostrando la proveniencia de su nacimiento en los EE.UU de los 70 y el Reino Unido de los 90. En Espana, las influencias son determinantes, sobre todo de un movimiento llamado Rainbow, pero la contracultura es como todo, cultural, y en Espana, toma un matiz local.El estudio analiza los temas claves del nacimiento de este movimiento y lo que su existencia y desarrollo implica : el desencanto radical con el mundo actual y la sociedad de consumo, la lucha contra la banalidad y el nihilismo y la busqueda de la conciencia, el desarrollo y la transformacion personal, como solucion propuesta a la transformacion social. Para esto, siguen la via romantica de la huida, el viaje y la construccion de crono-topos ideales, que en la practica, encuentran todas las limitaciones y problemas que, por definicion, atraviesa cualquier intento utopico en su vano intento de materializacion. Con todo, estos movimientos y asentamientos alternativos resisten y forman redes y posibilidades por las que transitan miles de estos desencantados.Esta tesis esta basada en un trabajo de campo de larga duracion, a traves del cual, el antropologo sufre un proceso de membresia y transformacion que son la principal fuente, en el contraste con los otros de sus hipotesis, reflexiones y analisis.
Interferon alpha antagonizes the anti-hepatoma activity of the oncolytic virus M1 by stimulating anti-viral immunity

Alpha virus M1 is an oncolytic virus that targets zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP)-defective cancer cells, and may be useful for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most of HCC patients have hepatitis and need long-term antiviral medication. Thus, it is necessary to clarify whether anti-virus medicines influence oncolytic effect of M1. We examined the effect of drugs used to treat hepatitis B/C on M1-mediated oncolysis in vitro and in vivo. Interferon (IFN)-α induces expression of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in HCC cells with moderate sensitivity to M1 virus. This leads to reduced replication of M1, and blocking of M1-mediated apoptosis. The antagonistic effect of IFN-α is positively related with the expressive level of ISGs. We also examined a population of 147 HCC patients. A total of 107 patients (73%) had low ZAP expression in liver tissues relative to adjacent tissues. Among these 107 patients, 77% were positive for hepatitis B and 2% were positive for hepatitis C. A combination of M1 virus and IFN should be avoided in those patients with HBV or HCV infection, of who ZAP expression is low but ISGs expression is moderate. In conclusion, this study provides a basis for anti-viral regimens for HCC patients with hepatitis B or C who are given oncolytic virus M1.
Acceptance and valued living as critical appraisal and coping strengths for caregivers dealing with terminal illness and bereavement

Abstract Objective: Informal caregivers of palliative care patients play an essential role in the coordination of care for patients during their final phases of life. However, undertaking a caregiving role can have enduring psychological consequences for caregivers and interfere with functioning. Studies have investigated a variety of factors associated with individual differences in caregiver psychosocial outcomes, but little is known about their relative impact, and there is a need for guiding models to support research in this area. Method: A review of the literature was conducted on factors influencing the psychological distress and grief of caregivers. Drawing from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and Stroebe and colleagues' integrative risk factor framework, we developed a process model to describe individual differences in caregiver psychological distress and grief. Results: The model presents caregiver psychological distress and grief as functions of death attitudes and communication about death and dying, mediated by acceptance and valued living from an ACT perspective. An outline of the empirical and theoretical underpinnings for each component in the model is provided. Significant of results: The presented model is an inherently strengths-based model that is concordant with acceptance- and values- (ACT) based interventions to facilitate coping in caregivers.
VIOLENCIA DE PAREJA. REPERCUSIONES EN LA SALUD MENTAL DE LA MUJER

En los dos ultimos siglos, un conjunto de hechos y doctrinas, enraizados en defender los derechos humanos y en la conviccion de igualdad entre sexos, ha irrumpido vigorosamente. Como parte de esa lucha por la defensa de la mujer (principal victima del desequilibrio), desde el ultimo tercio del siglo XX ha aumentado el interes por la violencia de pareja (VP). En la sanidad tambien se refleja este interes por el estudio, sobre la salud femenina, de la VP. Tradicionalmente tuvieron mas relevancia las repercusiones fisicas de esta violencia pero, en las ultimas decadas, se enfatiza mas en el impacto psicilogico de esta. A mayor conocimiento del problema mayor posibilidad de abordaje preventivo y terapeutico eficaz. La enfermera/o, en primera linea de atencion al enfermo, debe asumir estos conocimientos y tener un papel relevante en la deteccion y abordaje de la VP.
Detección de patrones para la prevención de daños y/o averías en la industria automotriz

Resumen. La problematica planteada en este articulo es en referencia a los danos y/o averias que se producen en automoviles 0 KM desde que salen de produccion hasta que llegan a su destino final, ya que ocasionan una perdida de dinero importante para la compania quien debe hacerse cargo del arreglo de las averias ocurridas. Detectar e identificar determinados patrones de comportamiento es de importancia para la estimacion de costos y presupuestos tanto para el cambio de la parte o reparacion de la parte danada o averiada segun corresponda. Ademas, disponer de este tipo de informacion tambien permite tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar siniestros o preparar las instalaciones por donde transitan o se estacionan las unidades para reducir el porcentaje de los mismos.
Willingness of Regular and Special Educators to Teach Students with Handicaps

A mailed questionnaire containing 99 demographic and attitudinal variables regarding handicap integration drew responses from 128 regular educators and 133 special educators in 21 school districts. Separate discriminant function analyses using “I would be willing to teach a student with (a handicap)” as the criterion variable were conducted for the two groups of educators. A comparison of the group profiles revealed few similarities. Regular educator willingness depended more heavily upon demographic variables; special educator willingness, upon attitudinal variables. Teacher group membership could be predicted from the profiles with 96% accuracy in each case. The results are discussed in terms of implications for consultants and inservice and preservice programs.
Regulation of Human Endothelial Cell Focal Adhesion Sites and Migration by cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase I*

cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGK I), a major constituent of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)/nitric oxide/cGMP signal transduction pathway, phosphorylates the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a member of the Ena/VASP family of proteins involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by both ANP and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP) activates transfected cGK I and causes detachment of VASP and its known binding partner (zyxin) from focal adhesions in >60% of cells after 30 min. The ANP effects, but not the 8-pCPT-cGMP effects, reversed after 3 h of treatment. In contrast, a catalytically inactive cGK Iβ mutant (cGK Iβ-K405A) was incapable of mediating these effects. VASP mutated (Ser/Thr to Ala) at all three of its established phosphorylation sites (vesicular stomatitis virus-tagged VASP-AAA mutant) was not phosphorylated by cGK I and was resistant to detaching from HUVEC focal adhesions in response to 8-pCPT-cGMP. Furthermore, activation of cGK I, but not of mutant cGK Iβ-K405A, caused a 1.5–2-fold inhibition of HUVEC migration, a dynamic process highly dependent on focal adhesion formation and disassembly. These results indicate that cGK I phosphorylation of VASP results in loss of VASP and zyxin from focal adhesions, a response that could contribute to cGK alteration of cytoskeleton-regulated processes such as cell migration.
Cross-sectional assessment of neuromuscular function using mechanography in women and men aged 20-85 years.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the influence of age and sex on neuromuscular function of the lower limbs using mechanography. 704 adults aged 20-85 years from Germany participated in this study. METHODS Ground reaction force and power were assessed with countermovement jumps and the chair rising test on a ground reactions force plate. RESULTS While ground reaction force per unit body mass declined by about 20% from the third to the ninth decade, the decline of power per unit body mass was much greater, varying between 40-50%. Men and women are affected equally by the decline. Age and sex explained the variability of the power parameters to a much greater extent (R(2)=0.54 to R(2)=0.70) than the force parameters (R(2)=0.18 to R(2)=0.36). CONCLUSIONS Our reference values can help to identify those who might be affected by the development of sarcopenia. Preventive exercise programs should focus on preserving muscle power in addition to the training of muscle force.