Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STATUS OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING RF PHOTO-INJECTOR DEVELOPMENT*

A status report of the superconducting RF photo electron injector development at Forschungszentrum DresdenRossendorf (FZD) is given. The SRF gun project is a collaboration of BESSY, DESY, MBI and FZD and aims at the installation of a high average current CW photo injector at the ELBE superconducting electron linac. Main design parameters of the SRF gun are an electron energy of 9.5 MeV, a maximum average current of 1 mA, transverse normalized emittances (rms) of 1 mm mrad at 77 pC and 2.5 mm mrad at 1 nC bunch charge. The 1.3 GHz niobium cavity consists of three full cells with TESLA geometry, a specially designed half-cell in which the photo cathode is placed, and a choke filter in order to prevent rf losses at the cathode side of the cavity. Presently, the helium tank welding and cavity treatment have been finished. The cavity is now in the FZD and the cryomodule assembly has been started. Various subsystems like cathode cooler, cavity tuners, cryostat components, and the niobium cavity are still being tested and measured. A photo cathode preparation system was developed and installed. The equipment is now in operation and the first series of Cs2Te photo cathodes has been produced. The development of the 262 nm driver laser system for the high charge mode (500 kHz, 1 nC) is finished. A diagnostic beamline, which is especially designed for the SRF gun parameter measurement, is being build up.
Effect Of Tax Avoidance, Size Of The Company, Leverage, Age Of The Company On Cost Of Debt In Manufacturing Companies Listed

Tax management is the right, appropriate, and effecient application of tax rules in order to achieve income and liquidity accordingly. The tax is twofold: tax avoidance and tax evasion. This research is a purpose to know the effect of tax avoidance towards the cost of debt in manufacturing companies and find about the tax avoidance which includes illegal, but can lead to the injustice that would harm the state. The samples used in this research are 30 manufacture companies listed in Indonesia stock exchange (BEI). Type of data is secondary data from each for manufacture companies listed in Indonesia stock exchange (BEI) five years from 2011 until 2015. The samples were taken by purposive sampling technics. Analysis of data used with panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) estimation and Eviews 9 SV programming. A hypothesis test used are coefficient determination test (R Square), F test, and t-test. The result of the research shows that Tax Avoidance (TAX) has positive and significant effect on the cost of debt on manufacture companies. For independent variable others, manufacture companies size and firms age have negative and significant. However, Leverage has positive and significant effect on cost of debt in companies. Therefore should add another variable closely related to tax avoidance and cost of debt.
A Text Mining Framework to Support Nano Science and Technology Management

This paper addresses how to inform nano science and technology management by mining a particularly rich information resource - the publicly accessible databases on nano fields. Empirical bibliometrics, technology forecast, technology assessment and competitive technical intelligence are not well utilized in technology management. Three factors could enhance managerial utilization: capability to exploit huge volumes of available information, ways to do so very quickly, and informative representations that help manage emerging technologies.In this paper, a framework based on text mining techniques is proposed to discover useful intelligence from the large body of nano's electronic text sources. This intelligence is a prime requirement for successful S&T management. After that the proposed method is applied to nano technology to give an empirical study.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Optimal integrated production and inventory control of an assemble-to-order system with multiple non-unitary demand classes

We study a pure assemble-to-order system subject to multiple demand classes where customer orders arrive according to a compound Poisson process. The finished product is assembled from m different components that are produced on m distinct production facilities in a make-to-stock fashion. We show that the optimal production policy of each component is a state-dependent base-stock policy and the optimal inventory allocation policy is a multi-level state-dependent rationing policy. Using numerical experimentation, we first study the system behavior as a function of order size variability and order size. We show that the optimal average cost rate is more sensitive to order size variability than to order size. We also compare the optimal policy to the first-come first-serve policy and show that there is great benefit to inventory rationing. We also propose two simple heuristics and show that these can effectively mimic the optimal policy which is generally much more difficult to determine and, especially, to implement. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Language barriers in medicine in the United States.

What the scalpel is to the surgeon, words are to the clinician. the conversation between doctor and patient is the heart of the practice of medicine. 1 The physician-patient relationship is built through communication and the effective use of language. Along with clinical reasoning, observations, and nonverbal cues, skillful use of language endows the history with its clinical power and establishes the medical interview as the clinician's most powerful tool. 2-5 Language is the means by which a physician accesses a patient's beliefs about health and illness, 6 creating an opportunity to address and reconcile different belief systems. Furthermore, it is through language that physicians and patients achieve an empathic connection that may be therapeutic in itself. 7 Because of language barriers, millions of US residents cannot have this connection with their physician. According to the 1990 US Census, 8 almost 14 million people living in the United States do
Selection of Predictors in Distance-Based Regression

Distance-based regression is a prediction method consisting of two steps: from distances between observations we obtain latent variables which, in turn, are the regressors in an ordinary least squares linear model. Distances are computed from actually observed predictors by means of a suitable dissimilarity function. Being generally nonlinearly related with the response, their selection by the usual F tests is unavailable. In this article, we propose a solution to this predictor selection problem by defining generalized test statistics and adapting a nonparametric bootstrap method to estimate their p-values. We include a numerical example with automobile insurance data.
Development of the technology and applications of the scanning probe microscope

This paper chronicles the research in the laboratory of the author at the IBM Research Division during the 1984-1994 time frame that significantly contributed to the development of the scanning probe microscopy technology and its applications. Several key technologies that are now considered commonplace in SPM were developed during that time. These include the vibrating probe AFM (also called AC AFM, non-contact AFM, or tappingmode AFM), introduction of single crystal silicon cantilevers/tips, laser sensing of the cantilever vibration, full wafer positioning and closed-loop scanning systems. Our application-driven approach led to several new microscopes for nanoscale probing of the magnetic, electrostatic, thermal and optical properties of surfaces that are widely used today. They are among the early members of the family that is now classified as scanning probe microscopes.
Improving the Relevance of Research on Price Forecasting and Marketing Strategies

Agricultural economists' research on price forecasting and marketing strategies has been used little by those in the real world. We argue that fresh approaches to research are needed. First, we argue that we need to adopt a new theoretical paradigm, noisy rational expectations. This paradigm suggests that gains from using price forecasting models with public data or from using a marketing strategy are not impossible, but any gains are likely to be small. We need to conduct falsification tests; to perform confirmation and replication; to adjust research to reflect structural changes, such as increased contracting; and always to conduct statistical tests. We also provide a modest agenda for changing our research and extension programs.
Iron(II) bleomycin-mediated degradation of a DNA-RNA heteroduplex.

The effect of iron(II) bleomycin on a DNA-RNA heteroduplex was investigated using a substrate formed by reverse transcription of Escherichia coli 5S ribosomal RNA. Both strands of the heteroduplex were cleaved by FeII.BLM A2 at comparable concentrations; complete digestion of both strands was observed using 5 microM FeII.BLM A2. The DNA strand of the heteroduplex was cleaved predominantly at 5'-G-pyr-3' sites; the sites of cleavage of the DNA strand were a subset of those observed for the corresponding DNA strand of a DNA duplex of identical sequence. The sites of cleavage of the RNA strand of the heteroduplex involved both purines and pyrimidines and were found to be different than the sites of cleavage of the 5S rRNA alone, demonstrating that cleavage of the former must actually have involved heteroduplex recognition by FeII.BLM A2. Both the DNA and RNA strands of the heteroduplex were cleaved by FeII.BLM A2 in the presence of physiological concentrations of Mg2+, consistent with the possibility that DNA-RNA heteroduplexes may be therapeutically relevant targets for bleomycin.
A comparative evaluation of NOAA/AVHRR vegetation indexes for burned surface detection and mapping

The only vegetation index (VI) used in all Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-based burned area studies performed so far is the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), in spite of serious known deficiencies caused by sensitivity to atmospheric conditions and soil background. In this study, the ability of various VI to discriminate between burned and unburned surfaces is compared, using burn maps derived from classification of Landsat thematic mapper (TM) imagery as reference data. After assessing the discriminatory potential of the AVHRR channels 1-3, the following indexes were compared: the NDVI, the VI 3 (VI3), the global environmental monitoring index (GEMI), and a modified version of GEMI, called GEMI3, VI performance was assessed in two ways: with a signal-to-noise ratio measure and a measure of the commission error resulting from segmentation of the burned area histograms at a fixed level of omission error. Maps of commission errors were generated for each VI and cross tabulated with a land cover map to identify the land cover types more prone to confusion with burns. The newly proposed index GEMI3 performs best, followed by the GEMI, VI3, and finally NDVI, the latter being clearly out performed, even by channel 2 used individually.
Frontiers in Endovascular and Interventional Neurology (FEIN): Grand Challenges – Looking Ahead

With great challenges comes great opportunities and we personally are greatly optimistic about the prospect of field of endovascular and interventional neurology field. This field has been paved by pioneers from Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology worldwide who put us at a very unique stage ready for the next level of achievements and milestone by motivated neuro-interventionalist, vascular neurologists, neuro-intensivists and vascular neurosurgeons worldwide. The past two decades have seen the rise of Neuro-interventional specialty and discipline worldwide, especially with in United States and Europe. Simultaneously we have seen a greater number of clinician such as neurologists and neuro-surgeons becoming neuro-interventionalists; joining the interventional neuro-radiologist colleagues in the endovascular management of cerebrovascular diseases. Back in 1991 it was estimated that only five neurologists were performing interventional procedures but today Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN) has registered around 100 neurointerventional Neurologists and about 10–12 are being trained every year. Most neurologists were trained by interventional neuro-radiologists and endovascular neuro-surgeons. Today, the field is advanced by all three specialties. Moreover, the advances and remarkable achievement in the field would have not been possible without the scientific contribution of the three specialties as well as the vascular neurologists, who are advancing the field with randomized controlled trials such as the PROACT, MELT, IMS, and ISAT trials to promote evidence based medicine in the neuro-interventional procedures. (Furlan et al., 1999; Molyneux et al., 2002; IMS II Trial Investigators, 2007; Ogawa et al., 2007) Such trials take the field to new frontiers that would excel the clinical practice and move it forward. The following are some of the short and long term challenges the field of neurointervention, endovascular and interventional neurology need to over come.
Point mutations in the c‐K‐ras 2 gene in multiple colorectal carcinomas

Abstract The c‐K‐ras 2 gene mutations were examined in colorectal tumours from patients with synchronous or metachronous tumours in order to investigate tumorigenesis. Sixty‐seven colorectal carcinomas from patients with a single lesion, 50 from patients with synchronous lesions, and 12 from patients with metachronous lesions were analysed for the presence of point mutations in codons 12 and 13 of c‐K‐ras proto‐oncogene. In the patients with metachronous or synchronous lesions, the finding of the mutation in one tumour was not associated with a greater frequency of the mutation in other carcinomas from the same patient. In the patients with tumours that each contained the mutation, the mutations were not always the same. In tumours from the patients with original and synchronous lesions, the mutation frequency was significantly lower in advanced carcinomas invading through the entire muscularis propria (10.5%) than in early carcinomas confined to the mucosa (47.8%), and the mutation frequency in carcinomas invading through the entire muscularis propria was significantly lower in patients with synchronous lesions (10.5%) than in patients with a single lesion (37.7%). These results suggest that the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinomas from patients with synchronous lesions is different from that in patients with a single lesion.
Synthèse de la fonction d'Havriliak-Negami pour l'identification temporelle par modèle non entier et modélisation du système musculaire

Le theme general des travaux qui font l'objet de ce memoire concerne l'introduction de la fonction d'Havriliak-Negami en identification par modele non entier. Le premier chapitre presente les notions de physiologie musculaire et de neurophysiologie considerees lors de la modelisation du systeme musculo-tendineux. Le deuxieme chapitre est un etat de l'art des differents modeles du systeme musculo-tendineux developpes au cours des 80 dernieres annees. Le troisieme chapitre etablit deux methodes de synthese de la fonction d'Havriliak-Negami pour l'identification temporelle et frequentielle. La premiere est fondee sur une approche recursive de la synthese de l'operateur non entier. La seconde est basee sur la decomposition de la fonction d'Havriliak-Negami en une fonction de type Davidson-Cole et une fonction complementaire, respectivement synthetisees par une distribution recursive et une distribution non recursive de poles et de zeros. A travers l'etude de differents processus physiques, le quatrieme chapitre illustre l'interet de la fonction d'Havriliak-Negami en identification frequentielle et temporelle. L'identification frequentielle de trois geometries de systemes thermiques est realisee. Enfin, trois exemples temporels sont traites : l'impedance d'une batterie au plomb pour automobile, un banc d'essais thermique et l'identification de phenomenes thermiques lors d'une operation d'usinage par tournage. Des comparaisons entre les modeles issus d'etudes anterieures et les modeles bases sur la fonction de Havriliak-Negami, font clairement apparaitre un apport quand a la compacite parametrique des modeles obtenus pour approximer les systemes diffusifs sur de larges bandes de frequence. La premiere partie du dernier chapitre presente un ensemble d'observations realisees au niveau du muscle et de l'unite motrice. Base sur ces observations, un multimodele fractionnaire est propose dans la deuxieme partie du chapitre. Pour une duree de simulation de l'ordre de la seconde, ce multimodele permet de predire la reponse d'une unite motrice a une stimulation de l'ordre de la minute. Ce modele permet ainsi d'envisager son utilisation temps reel au sein d'un robot.
Parasite virulence, co-infections and cytokine balance in malaria

Abstract Strong early inflammatory responses followed by a timely production of regulatory cytokines are required to control malaria parasite multiplication without inducing major host pathology. Here, we briefly examine the homeostasis of inflammatory responses to malaria parasite species with varying virulence levels and discuss how co-infections with bacteria, viruses, and helminths can modulate inflammation, either aggravating or alleviating malaria-related morbidity.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Salvadora persica Extracts on a Monospecies Biofilm on Orthodontic Brackets In Vitro.

PURPOSE The oral cavity is a rich ecosystem with a plethora of microorganisms, and different components of fixed orthodontic appliances may contribute to a shift in the balance of oral ecology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of hexane and ethanol extracts of Salvadora persica on a monospecies biofilm model established on orthodontic brackets in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptococcus mutans biofilm was formed on mini diamond orthodontic brackets following three days of anaerobic incubation at 37˚C. The bacterial cell viability of this biofilm was measured after their exposure to saline, hexane extract of S. persica, ethanol extract of S. persica and 0.2% chlorhexidine using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. On half of the brackets, the colony forming units (CFU) were counted. Both experiments were performed in triplicate. RESULTS The absorbance values obtained from the MTS reduction assay after exposure to the different test agents showed a decline in the bacterial cell viability of the S. mutans biofilm as follows: chlorhexidine (+)<hexane extract (S. persica, 5 mg/ml)<ethanol extract (S. persica, 5 mg/ml)<saline+2% DMSO (-). There was significant difference between saline+2% DMSO and the other test solutions (p<0.05). The mean absorbance values showed that the antimicrobial activity of hexane extract was slightly more effective than that of the ethanol extract and was nearly as effective as chlorhexidine (+). However, the differences in the absorbance values between the extracts of S. persica and chlorhexidine (+) were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The CFU counts of S. mutans obtained from chlorhexidine exposure were lower than from hexane and ethanol extracts. CONCLUSION S. persica extracts were found to have antimicrobial effects on S. mutans biofilm established in vitro on orthodontic brackets suggestive of its potential use as an oral antimicrobial agent for orthodontic patients.
Management of Arrhythmias in Heart Failure

Heart failure patients are predisposed to develop arrhythmias. Supraventricular arrhythmias can exacerbate the heart failure symptoms by decreasing the effective cardiac output and their control require pharmacological, electrical, or catheter-based intervention. In the setting of atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation becomes paramount to prevent systemic or cerebral embolism. Patients with heart failure are also prone to develop ventricular arrhythmias that can present a challenge to the managing clinician. The management strategy depends on the type of arrhythmia, the underlying structural heart disease, the severity of heart failure, and the range from optimization of heart failure therapy to catheter ablation. Patients with heart failure, irrespective of ejection fraction are at high risk for developing sudden cardiac death, however risk stratification is a clinical challenge and requires a multiparametric evaluation for identification of patients who should undergo implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator. Finally, patients with heart failure can also develop symptomatic bradycardia, caused by sinus node dysfunction or atrio-ventricular block. The treatment of bradycardia in these patients with pacing is usually straightforward but needs some specific issue.
Perception of complex sounds: abnormal pattern of cortical activation in autism.

OBJECTIVE Bilateral temporal hypoperfusion at rest was recently described in autism. In normal adults, these regions are activated by listening to speech-like sounds. To investigate auditory cortical processing in autism, the authors performed a positron emission tomography activation study. METHOD Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in five autistic adults and eight comparison subjects during rest and while listening to speech-like sounds. RESULTS Similar to the comparison subjects, autistic patients showed a bilateral activation of the superior temporal gyrus. However, an abnormal pattern of hemispheric activation was observed in the autistic group. The volume of activation was larger on the right side in the autistic patients, whereas the reverse pattern was found in the comparison group. The direct comparison between the two groups showed that the right middle frontal gyrus exhibited significantly greater activation in the autistic group. Conversely, the left temporal areas exhibited less activation in autistic patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that abnormal auditory cortical processing is implicated in the language impairments and the inadequate response to sounds typically seen in autism.
A p67Phox-Like Regulator Is Recruited to Control Hyphal Branching in a Fungal–Grass Mutualistic Symbiosis[W]

Key requirements for microbes to initiate and establish mutualistic symbiotic interactions with plants are evasion of potential host defense responses and strict control of microbial growth. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by a specific NADPH oxidase isoform, NoxA, regulate hyphal growth in the mutualistic interaction between the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae and its grass host Lolium perenne. Unlike mammalian systems, little is known about the fungal NADPH oxidase complex and its response to differentiation signals. We identify an E. festucae p67phox-like regulator, NoxR, dispensable in culture but essential in planta for the symbiotic interaction. Plants infected with a noxR deletion mutant show severe stunting and premature senescence, whereas hyphae in the meristematic tissues show increased branching leading to increased fungal colonization of pseudostem and leaf blade tissue. Inhibition of ROS production or overexpression of noxR recapitulates the hyperbranching phenotype in culture. NoxR interacts in vitro with the small GTP binding protein RacA and requires a functional RacA binding site to complement the noxR mutant and restore the wild-type plant interaction phenotype. These results show that NoxR is a key regulator of NoxA in symbiosis, where it acts together with RacA to spatially regulate ROS production and control hyphal branching and patterning.