Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Safety of Long-term and Excessive Intake of L-Cystine and L-Theanine in Healthy Adult Subjects

To evaluate the safety of L-cystine and L-theanine in humans, we carried out a clinical trial of high-dose and long-term administration in the form of a controlled randomized double-blind study. Forty healthy subjects, 20 males and 20 females, were given three sachets of food containing L-cystine and L-theanine or three sachets of placebo once a day for four weeks. The dosage of L-cystine and L-theanine was three times the dosage previously shown to exert significant enhancing effect on the immune response to influenza vaccine inoculation. High-dose administration was found to cause no significant clinical changes, no abnormal findings in clinical laboratory data, and no adverse effects. Although some statistically significant changes were observed in laboratory data, all were clinically insignificant variations within the normal range. It was therefore concluded that L-cystine and L-theanine are safe when administered for four weeks at daily doses of up to 2,100mg of L-cystine and 840mg of L-theanine.
Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Sejarah Jendral Sudirman Berbasis Multimedia Menggunakan Metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle

Pada masa penggunaan teknologi sekarang ini perkembangan multimedia memiliki peran dan perkembangan yang sangat besar dalam bidang komunikasi, aktifitas bisnis, aktifitas pendidikan dan aktifitas perindustrian dikarenakan dalam penyampaian informasi akan dinamis dan efektif secara penyebarluasannya, salah satunya adalah penyampain dalam bentuk multimedia teknologi animasi berbasis dua dimensi yang salah satu objeknya bisa di ambil dari Sejarah dan merupakan suatu objek yang nyata yang bisa dikemas dalam bentuk animasi. Sejarah perjalanan tentang Jendral Sudirman merupakan salah satu sejarah yang sudah banyak diketahui masyarakat secara luas , biasanya pengetahuan sejarah disampaikan sebatas dalam bentuk ilmu sejarah di dalam ruang kelas.Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode penelitian Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) , dalam penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah media berbasis multimedia teknologi animasi berbasis dua dimensi yang baik,, menarik dan efisien sehingga memudahkan dalam penggunaan dan penyampaian informasinya kususnya dalam ilmu sejarah jendral sudirman. Kata K unci : Komunikasi , Multimedia , Informasi Animasi , Sejarah
Design and model a novel ankle foot orthosis

A lower limb orthosis is a type of external supporting devices that are used to support the patients who have problems due to trauma, incomplete spinal cord injury, stroke, etc. in the process of treatment and recovery. In the three articulations of lower extremity, ankle joint bears more weight than the other joints. Almost the current active, passive ankle orthosis systems focus on controlling dorsiflexion, plantar flexion around ankle joint or both of them. In reality, however, the locomotion of human is continuous movement of Center of Pressure (CoP) points underneath the foot. This paper suggests a novel ankle orthosis system based on CoP. This new model can control dorsiflexion, plantarflextion to prevent foot from foot slap and foot drop effect for patients who have trouble with their ankle. This paper will demonstrate the design and the model of the novel orthosis system.
Determining the dominant factors determining the variability of terrestrial ecosystem productivity in China during the last two decades

Terrestrial ecosystem productivity (TEP) is an important component of ecological services. The variability of the TEP is driven by multiple factors, both natural and anthropogenic. However, little is known about the dominant factor driving the TEP change at the pixel level, which may hinder ecosystem management particularly in face of global climate changes. In this study, a 22‐year‐long dataset including climate, net primary production (NPP), and human activity was obtained to identify, at a pixel level, the dominant factors of NPP variation in China from 1992 to 2013. The results showed that: (a) the total NPP of China varied from 3.37 to 4.55 PgC/yr and continued to increase with a larger proportion being contributed from eastern China, (b) radiation is the greatest contributor to the NPP variation in China, followed by temperature and precipitation, (c) human activity‐driven pixels are relatively dispersed, and are mainly located in the rural–urban fringe zones, and (d) a total of five subregions are identified, of which Regions I and II require more attention with regard to future NPP evolution. The results of this study are important at the policy level for future management of China's ecosystems.
Clinical value of FDG Hybrid-PET in staging and restaging of malignant lymphoma – compared with conventional diagnostic methods

Summary Aim of the present retrospective study was to validate the clinical value of F-18-FDG PET imaging in lymphoma patients with a dual head camera modified for coincidence detection. Staging before and after oncological treatment was compared with a conservative diagnostic approach. Methods: 48 patients (28 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 20 Hodgkin’s disease) received FDG-Hybrid-PET scans. Pretherapeutic staging was realized in 28 patients, 9 of them had control studies after they had completed therapy. Totally 29 persons were examined for posttherapeutic restaging. Computed tomography imaging and lymph node sonography was performed in all cases. Results were validated by clinical follow-up, in three cases a récidivé was proven by biopsy. Results: CT and ultrasound detected 77 lesions in 28 patients compared with 100 visualized by PET, but this difference in pretherapeutic staging did not reach significance at p >0.05 by Fisher’s t-test. Hybrid-PET obtained a sensitivity of 93%, a specifity of 79%, a positive of 82% and a negative predictive value of 92% for detection of residual disease. The values for CT + US were 87%, 64%, 72% and 88% respectively. Conclusion: FDG Hybrid-PET is as or even more accurate than standard morphologic diagnostic methods for prestaging in malignant lymphoma. Additionally, there is a substancial benefit for therapy monitoring of residual disease using coincidence detection PET with a ¾-inch crystal gamma camera.
Trait plasticity and covariance along a continuous soil moisture gradient

Plant quantitative traits are often influenced by the environment. While water availality is perhaps the greatest environmental determinant of plant yield and fitness, our understanding of plant-water relations is limited because it is primarily informed by experiments considering soil moisture variability at two discrete levels - wet and dry - rather than as a continually varying environmental gradient. Here we used experimental and statistical methods based on function-valued traits to explore responses to continuously varying soil moisture gradient in physiological and morphological traits in two species and five genotypes each of the model grass Brachypodium. We find that most traits exhibit non-linear responses to soil moisture variability. We also observe differences in the shape of these non-linear responses between traits, species, and genotypes. Emergent phenomena arise from this variation including changes in trait correlations and evolutionary constraints as a function of soil moisture. These results point to the importance of considering non-linearity in plant-water relations to understand plastic and evolutionary responses to changing climates.
Grading of steatosis and liver-fibrosis using phase contrast imaging

Poster: "ECR 2015 / B-0610 / Grading of steatosis and liver-fibrosis using phase contrast imaging" by: "M. Armbruster1, B. Zupanc1, E. Brun2, A. bravin2, W. H. Sommer1, R. Reimar1, W. Thasler1, M. F. Reiser1, P. Coan2; 1Munich/DE, 2Grenoble/FR"
Neural network features distinguish chemosensory stimuli in Caenorhabditis elegans

Nervous systems extract and process information from their environment to alter animal behavior and physiology. Despite progress in understanding how different stimuli are represented by changes in neuronal activity, less is known about how they affect broader neural network properties. We developed a framework to use graph-theoretic features of neural network activity and predict ecologically-relevant stimulus properties – namely, stimulus identity and valence. Specifically, we used the transparent nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, with its small nervous system, to define neural network features associated with various chemosensory stimuli. We trapped animals using a microfluidic device and exposed their noses to chemical stimuli known to be attractive or repellent, while monitoring changes in neural activity in more than 40 neurons in their heads. We found that repellents trigger higher average neural activity across the network, and that the tastant salt increases neural variability. In contrast, graph-theoretic features, which capture patterns of interactions between neurons, are better suited to decode stimulus identity than measures of neural activity. Furthermore, we show that a simple machine learning classifier trained using graph-theoretic features alone or in combination with neural activity features can accurately predict stimulus identity. These results indicate that graph theory reveals network characteristics that are distinct from neural activity, confirming its utility in extracting stimulus properties from neural population data. Significance Statement Changes in the external environment (stimuli) alter patterns of neural activity in animal nervous systems. A central challenge in computational neuroscience is to identify how stimulus properties alter interactions between neurons. We recorded neural activity data from C. elegans head neurons while the animal experienced various chemosensory stimuli. We then used a combination of activity statistics (i.e., average, standard deviation, and several frequency-based measures) and graph-theoretic features of network structure (e.g., modularity – the extent to which a network can be divided into independent clusters) to define neural properties that can accurately predict stimulus identity. Our method is general and can be used across species.
Influences on growth : a study of two generations based on the 1958 British Birth Cohort

Height is a well-established health indicator, which is determined by genetic and early environmental factors. This thesis investigates (i) contributions of a wide range of early environmental factors on growth at each life stage; (ii) whether the strength of the associations has changed between two generations; and (iii) whether social inequalities in height have narrowed. The study is based on the 1958 British Birth Cohort, all bom between 3rd-9th March 1958, followed up at 7, 11, 16, 23, 33, and 41y, and their offspring. Fetal and childhood influences on growth of cohort members were examined using information on height at all ages simultaneously. Multivariate response models were used to explore these effects on growth trajectories, because these models take into account the fact that measurements on the same individual are correlated and also allow the comparison of the strength of associations across ages. Multilevel models were applied to compare the early life influences on childhood height between two generations taking account of correlations between cohort members and their offspring, and offspring themselves within families. Early life factors, including maternal smoking during pregnancy, social class, family size, household crowding, and parental divorce, had stronger effects on childhood height than on adult height. This suggests that children whose growth is adversely affected by unfavourable early conditions may catch up later. Childhood height is therefore a better indicator of early life circumstances than final adult height. However, the impact of some influences has changed over time, with some factors (i.e. maternal smoking, breastfeeding, maternal age at childbirth, social class, number of younger siblings, crowding, maternal education, and parental divorce) showing a decline in importance in a younger generation. Increases in height across generations, i.e. the secular trend, were due to a greater height gain in manual social class. This resulted in a narrowing of inequalities in height in more recently bom British children.
Effects of aerobic training on FBS, HbA1C, Fructosamine and plasma lipid profile in male with type 2 diabetes

Regular exercise represents an effective strategy to prevent and treat type 2 Diabetes.The present study examined the effects of aerobic exercise on glycemic control and serum lipid profile in men with type 2 diabetes.20 men with type 2 diabetes (age:45.05 ± 3.8) were randomly divided into aerobic exercise group (n=10) and control group(n=10). Exercise Group participated in aerobic training program at 50 -70 % HRR for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Fasting blood sugar (FBS),Fructosamine, HbA1C, Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) were measured before and after 8 weeks. Paired and independent t tests were used for data analysis ( P<0.05). At the end of period, significant decreases have been found in FBS (p=0.017),HbA1c(p=0.045),Fructosamine(p=0.012) and LDL (p=0.048) levels and a significant increase has been observed in HDL(p=0.012) of exercise group, while there were no significant changes for the investigated factors in control group (P>0.05). Also there was a significant difference in FBS (p=0.03) and HDL levels (p=0.04) between 2 groups.Aerobic trainings effectively improve lipid profile and lead to better glycemic control in men with type 2 diabetes
A study on haloperidol and risperidone induced metabolic derangements in patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients has been increasing with the use of second generation antipsychotics. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic derangements induced by one of the typical antipsychotic – Haloperidol and an atypical antipsychotic – Risperidone in patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia in a tertiary care hospital. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in department of Psychiatry in collaboration with Institute of Pharmacology and Department of Biochemistry, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai from December 2014 to June 2016 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional ethical committee, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai (Letter no 13432/E1/5/2014). 60 patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia were selected based on eligibility criteria. The anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist circumference were measured and body mass index was calculated. Out of 60 patients, 30 patients received tablet haloperidol and the remaining 30 patients received tablet risperidone orally. Blood samples were taken for the parameters like fasting blood glucose level and fasting lipid profile at baseline, at the end of 3 and 6 months of drug therapy. The metabolic derangements induced by the two antipsychotics in these patients were compared at end of 3rd and 6th month using students t test in SPSS 16 statistical software. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up till the end of the study. There were no dropouts. Out of sixty patients who participated in the study, 45% were males and 55% were females. At the end of 6th month statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in weight, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, fasting triglyceride and high density lipoprotein level between the haloperidol and risperidone group on following the IDF criteria of metabolic syndrome. Risperidone caused metabolic abnormalities in 13.3% patients whereas none of the patients in haloperidol group developed metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Hence it is concluded that the atypical antipsychotic risperidone has been associated with an increased risk of causing metabolic abnormalities than the typical antipsychotic haloperidol.Regular and periodic monitoring of the anthropometric and metabolic parameters in schizophrenic patients on antipsychotics especially the atypical antipsychotics is mandatory to prevent further complications.
Triple-negative breast cancers – update in classification and biomarker profile

Invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) is a heterogeneous disease, with more than 20 distinct histologic types recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (1). In addition to immunohistochemical (IHC) methods, molecular techniques have yielded information on the genetic characteristics of IBC by gene expression profiling (GEP), adding another perspective onto IBC classification. Five intrinsic subtypes of IBC: luminal A, luminal B, normal breast-like, HER2-enriched, and basallike have been identified, with demonstrable correlation with patient demographics, disease biologic behaviour and response to treatment (2, 3, 4).
Improvisation Methods And Techniques For Music Therapy Clinicians Educators And Students

Eventually, you will certainly discover a supplementary experience and capability by spending more cash. nevertheless when? complete you receive that you require to get those all needs when having significantly cash? Why don't you attempt to get something basic in the beginning? That's something that will guide you to understand even more re the globe, experience, some places, later history, amusement, and a lot more?
Blood vessel diameter in glaucoma

Glaucoma is a leading cause of visual disability in the UK and major referral reason between high street optometry and hospital based ophthalmology. The standard optometric tests used to determine necessity of referral are currently leading to a high false positive burden on glaucoma clinics. The disease of glaucoma is considered to be multifactorial in the reasons for its onset and progression. An increasing body of research proposes a vascular dysregulation hypothesis, and retinal artery diameter reduction, as a recognisable risk factor for both the onset and progression of glaucoma. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a commercially available laser scanning ophthalmoscope designed principally for the detection of glaucoma by evaluation of the optic disc neuroretinal rim. An additional ability of the HRT is to measure, via an interactive window, the blood vessels of the scanned image without the need for export of the image or magnification to view them in detail. This thesis contributes to the field of early glaucoma detection by measurement of artery diameter via the interactive window on the HRT machine. The volunteers were divided into three groups normal, glaucoma and ocular hypertensive (OHT) and followed over a period of one year to determine if vessel diameter changed in relation to visual field or neuroretinal rim parameters. The main results in this thesis show that artery diameter does change with glaucoma onset and that the HRT machine is a valid instrument for collection of this data.
Logit models for the analysis of two-way categorical data

This article discusses the application of logit models for the analyses of 2-way categorical observations. The models described are generalized linear models using the logit link function. One of the models is the Rasch model (Rasch, 1960). The objective is to test hypotheses of marginal and conditional independence between explanatory quantities and multiple binary responses. By means of a numerical example, the relevance of such hypotheses for educational research is demonstrated. The aim is, in particular, to extend the applicability of the Rasch model to test hypotheses of conditional independence.
Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Related to Patient Transfer Tasks Using the Direct Nurse Observation Instrument Method

Background: Nurses represent an important job group commonly affected by musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). One of the main reasons is patient transfer tasks. Handling patients using a safe work technique is considered as one prevention strategy when integrated in multidimensional interventions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the musculoskeletal disorders risks related to patient transfers in nursing personnel using the direct nurse observation instrument (DINO) method. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 nurses working in affiliated hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Data were collected by Nordic questioners and the DINO index check list. The validity and reliability of the DINO checklist were reviewed and approved. To analyze the data, independent t- test, chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Results: The prevalence of MSDs was 87.6% in a 12-month period. The average result of the DINO checklist was 9.73 points (SD = 1.8), which can suggest that the way in which the technical transfer was carried out might not have been the safest. The results from logistic regression showed that the occurrence of MSDs in nursing staff was significantly associated with final scoring of the DINO index (P < 0.001 and B = -0.533) (Odds ratio = 0.587). Conclusions: According to the findings of the current study, DINO is an appropriate tool to assess MSDs risk due to patient handling in the nursing personnel. This method can be used in the evaluation of patient transfer educational programs and also to identify and assess an unsafe work technique used by the nurses.
Singlet fission in a hexacene dimer: energetics dictate dynamics†

Singlet fission (SF) is an exciton multiplication process with the potential to raise the efficiency limit of single junction solar cells from 33% to up to 45%. Most chromophores generally undergo SF as solid-state crystals. However, when such molecules are covalently coupled, the dimers can be used as model systems to study fundamental photophysical dynamics where a singlet exciton splits into two triplet excitons within individual molecules. Here we report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of singlet fission of a hexacene dimer. Comparing the hexacene dimer to analogous tetracene and pentacene dimers reveals that excess exoergicity slows down singlet fission, similar to what is observed in molecular crystals. Conversely, the lower triplet energy of hexacene results in an increase in the rate of triplet pair recombination, following the energy gap law for radiationless transitions. These results point to design rules for singlet fission chromophores: the energy gap between singlet and triplet pair should be minimal, and the gap between triplet pair and ground state should be large.