Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed photonic instrumentation for smart grids

Photonic sensor networks possess the unique potential to provide the instrumentation infrastructure required in future smart grids by simultaneously addressing the issues of metrology and communications. In contrast to established optical CT/VT technology, recent developments at the University of Strathclyde in distributed point sensors for electrical and mechanical parameters demonstrate an enormous potential for realizing novel and effective monitoring and protection strategies for intelligent electrical networks and systems. In this paper, we review this technology and its capabilities, and describe recent work in power system monitoring and protection using hybrid electro-optical sensors. We show that wide-area visibility of multiple electrical and mechanical parameters from a single central location may be achieved using this technology, and discuss the implications for smart grid instrumentation.
Comparison of Transformer Detailed Models for Fast and Very Fast Transient Studies

The fast and very fast transient overvoltages can endanger the insulation of transformer windings. Therefore, it is necessary to develop models, to study these transients. This paper compares the two well-known multiconductor transmission line (MTL) and lumped parameter detailed (RLC ladder network) models. The high-voltage (HV) winding of a 220/35-kV, 50-MVA transformer has been modeled using these models. The simulation results of the MTL and the RLC ladder network models have been compared with the measurements results in the frequency domain, by application of the Pearson's correlation coefficients. It is shown that the RLC Ladder Network model should be used for fast transient overvoltage (FTO) studies, i.e. frequency range of 10 kHz < / < 1 MHz and the MTL model with frequency dependent loss factor, demonstrates a better agreement with the measurement results for very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) studies, i.e., in the frequency range of 1 MHz les / les 5 MHz.
Spinal cord pharmacology of adrenergic agonist-mediated antinociception.

Intrathecal administration of norepinephrine (NE) and alpha adrenergic agonists in rats with chronic spinal catheters produced a significant elevation of the nociceptive threshold as measured by hot plate and tail flick. The intrathecal NE effect was dose-dependent and antagonized in a competitive fashion by pretreatment with phentolamine (alpha antagonist) but not by propranolol (beta antagonist). Intrathecal administration of isoproterenol (beta agonist) did not alter the nociceptive threshold. Effective doses of intrathecal NE did not produce demonstrable motor effects. Doses 20 times greater than the maximum analgesic dose produced marked weakness of the hindlimbs and tails. The intrathecal NE effect was not antagonized by intrathecal papaverine of bradykinin (vasodilators) or mimicked by angiotensin-II (vasoconstrictor). The intrathecal NE effect was not altered by intrathecal administration of subconvulsant doses of either picrotoxin (gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist) or strychnine (glycine antagonist) or by i.p. administration of either naloxone (opiate antagonist) or methysergide (serotinin antagonist). The nociceptive threshold was significantly decreased 1 week after intrathecal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, which depleted spinal cord NE by 85%. Intrathecal administration of tyramine (indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine) produced an elevation of the nociceptive threshold in a control group of animals but was less effective in animals pretreated with intrathecal 6-hydroxydopamine. The tyramine effect was antagonized by intrathecal phentolamine. Intravenous administration of aminophylline (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) did not potentiate the intrathecal NE effect. The relative antinociceptive potencies of alpha adrenergic agonists after intrathecal administration were: l-norepinephrine = dl-epinephrine greater than dl-alpha-methyl norepinephrine greater than clonidine greater than or equal to l-phenylephrine greater than or equal to 3,4-dihydroxytolazoline greater than or equal to oxymetazoline. The relative potencies of intrathecally administered alpha antagonists in antagonizing the intrathecal NE effect were: phentolamine greater than phenoxybenzamine greater than tolazoline greater than or equal to yohimbine.
Book Reviews

The Korean economy is doubtlessly one of the most dynamic economies in the world, which has experienced the "miracle" of high economic growth, followed by financial crisis and then a strong recovery. The Korean economy grew very rapidly from the level of per capita income of less than 100 U.S. dollars when the first Economic Development Plan was introduced in 1962 to the one of more than 10 thousand U.S. dollars when Korea joined OECD in 1996. Accordingly, the Korean economic development model drew world-wide attention, since it showed that a poor agricultural economy could have hopes of growing to become a high income industrialized one within the period of one generation. However, the 1997 financial crisis in Korea led to some questions being raised about the Korean economic development model. Firstly, why had the seemingly successfully developed Korean economy been unable to escape the financial crisis, what kinds of problems had there been in the Korean-style economic development model, and what had made Korea, an OECD member country, vulnerable to financial crisis? In particular, the fact that the crisis occurred under the circumstances of seemingly strong macroeconomic fundamentals , such as output growth of 6 per cent, moderate inflation, a current account deficit of less than 2 per cent of GDP and a balanced
Early thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) reduction and response following panobinostat treatment in patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma following autologous stem cell transplant

Abstract In a phase 2 trial of panobinostat in 129 patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, exploratory analyses of chemokines and cytokines were prospectively performed in 109 patients to determine their association with clinical outcomes. Patients were categorized into two groups (reductions > median and reductions ≤ median) based on percentage change from baseline of log10 transformed measurements. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) was most strongly associated with clinical outcome. Early reduction of TARC was observed in responding patients, with the greatest reduction at cycle 1, day 15 (C1D15). Of 93 patients with C1D15 samples, there were three complete and 25 partial responses. The group with TARC reductions > median at C1D15 had more responders (18 [39%] vs. 10 [21%]), longer progression-free survival (10.6 vs. 4.9 months), shorter time to response and longer overall survival than the group with reductions ≤ median. This study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials. gov, NCT00742027.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1: an evolutionarily conserved fine tuner of insulin-like growth factor action under catabolic and stressful conditions

The insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are evolutionarily conserved components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. The six forms of IGFBPs (IGFBP-1–6) bind the IGF ligands (IGF-1 and -2) with high affinity and regulate the IGFs available to their receptors, therefore providing additional flexibilities in regulating IGF signalling. IGFBP-1, the first identified member of the IGFBP family is highly inducible under a variety of catabolic conditions, such as food deprivation, malnutrition, stress, injury and hypoxia. Recent in vivo studies have indicated that the induced IGFBP-1 serves as a molecular switch by restricting IGF signalling and diverts the limited energy resources away from growth and development towards those metabolic processes essential for survival. This article reviews the recent understandings of the molecular basis of IGFBP-1 regulation and its biological functions, as revealed through research in mammalian and fish models.
Infrastructureless indoor navigation with an hybrid magneto-inertial and depth sensor system

We present a novel visual-magneto-inertial system for pedestrian indoor navigation. It includes magnetic, inertial and depth sensors integrated into a device that can be hand held by a pedestrian. Our method builds upon a magneto-inertial tachymeter that is able to accurately reconstruct body speed in presence of magnetic gradient and a depth registration algorithm for computing inter-image movement. We propose a simple fusion strategy using the magneto-inertial tachymeter in the predition step and the depth image registration in the correction step. We demonstrate accurate reconstruction of indoor trajectories in infrastructureless environments, with a drift often below one percent of the length of the trajectory. We emphasize the benefit of the proposed hybrid system in situations where the 3D environment is too simple, making depth registration useless, or situations where the magnetic environment lead to failure of the magneto-inertial tachymetry.
The Creative Imagination in Ben Okri's The Landscapes Within (1981)

This article begins by offering a justification of the title of Ben Okri's second novel, The Landscapes Within (1981. Harlow: Longman). In effect, the inner landscapes of the title become the ‘hero' of the tale in which the trajectory is the inner workings of the mind of the artist-protagonist, Omovo. Then, drawing on Okri's articulation of his dissatisfaction with the novel, which he was later to rewrite as Dangerous Love, the article invokes Milan Kundera's discussion of the significance of an ‘unfinished' story in terms of what has not been achieved. The critique of The Landscapes Within in this article focuses on the ‘unachieved', in the context of Omovo's stolen, confiscated and unfinished paintings, and Kundera's three categories of art: the art of radical divestment, the art of novelistic counterpoint, and the art of the specifically novelistic essay. It concludes by briefly justifying the article's claim that - in this novel - art, like philosophy, deals with inner reality, with ‘the landscapes within'. ‘Philosophy,' says Okri, consciously articulating the artistic process, ‘is most powerful when it revolves into story. But story is amplified in power by the presence of philosophy' (1997. A Way of Being Free. London Phoenix, 125).
Do Demographics and Functional Abilities Influence Vehicle Type Driven by Older Canadians?

RÉSUMÉ Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné les données de base Candrive (n = 928; âge de 70 à 94; 62% étaient des hommes) pour analyser si les caractéristiques des conducteurs (âge, sexe, taille, poids, IMC) et certaines capacités fonctionnelles (c’est-à-dire, le test de rythme rapide à pied, le test “Up and Go”) ont influencé les types de véhicules conduits. Il y avait des différences significatives en ce qui concerne le type de véhicule et l’âge du conducteur (F = 3,58, p = 0,003), la taille (F = 13,32, p <0,001), le poids (F = 14,31, p <0,001) , et l’IMC (F = 4,40, p = 0,001). Une plus grande proportion de conducteurs qui souffrait d’ostéoporose (χ2 = 21,23, p = 0,020) et ostéo / polyarthrite rhumatoïde (χ2 = 21,23, p = 0,020) conduisait des voitures de petite ou moyenne taille par rapport aux plus grandes tailles. D’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour examiner l’interaction des conducteurs âgés avec leurs véhicules, et la relation à la démographie et aux capacités fonctionnelles, compte tenu de la vulnérabilité de ce groupe d’âge à des blessures automobiles. ABSTRACT In this study, we examined the Candrive baseline data (n = 928; aged 70 to 94; 62% were men) to determine whether driver characteristics (i.e., age, gender, height, weight, BMI) and certain functional abilities (i.e., Rapid Paced Walk, Timed Up and Go) influenced the types of vehicles driven. There were significant differences with respect to type of vehicle and mean driver age (F = 3.58, p = 0.003), height, (F = 13.32, p < 0.001), weight (F = 14.31, p < 0.001), and BMI (F = 4.40, p = 0.001). A greater proportion of drivers with osteoporosis (χ2 = 21.23, p = 0.020) and osteo/rheumatoid arthritis (χ2 = 21.23, p = 0.020) drove small and medium-sized cars compared to larger ones. Further research is needed to examine older driver-vehicle interactions, and the relationship to demographics and functional abilities, given the vulnerability of this age group to automotive-related injuries.
Elevated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by monocytes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we examined TNF-alpha production by monocytes, serum levels of TNF-alpha, and the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING University hospital. SUBJECTS Twenty-four patients with OSAS, 15 obese control subjects, and 12 healthy subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS After polysomnography, venous blood was collected at 5 am. Spontaneous production of TNF-alpha by monocytes for 24 h and serum levels of TNF-alpha were investigated. In addition, patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS were treated with nCPAP for 1 month, and spontaneous production of TNF-alpha by monocytes and serum levels of TNF-alpha were also measured. Spontaneous production of TNF-alpha by monocytes was significantly higher in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS than in patients with mild OSAS (p < 0.0001), obese control subjects (p < 0.0001), or healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Serum levels of TNF-alpha were also significantly higher in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS than in patients with mild OSAS (p < 0.03), obese control subjects (p < 0.0005), or healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Duration of hypoxia during total sleep time was independently associated with spontaneous production of TNF-alpha by monocytes in patients with OSAS and healthy and obese control subjects. nCPAP significantly decreased spontaneous production of TNF-alpha by monocytes (p < 0.03) and serum levels of TNF-alpha (p < 0.05) in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous production of TNF-alpha by monocytes and serum levels of TNF-alpha are elevated in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS but are decreased by nCPAP.
Origines, formes et importance du capital de risque direct: un survol international

Cet article recapitule les resultats des divers travaux qui, dans le monde anglosaxon, ont etudie le financement direct (ou informel) de la PME. Le financement direct se compose de capitaux fournis par des particuliers, sans garanties, en dehors de tout processus formel d’intermediation et en l’absence de liens familiaux. Ces particuliers sont connus sous le terme d’anges. Contrairement aux etudes anterieures, celle-ci aborde le financement direct du point de vue de l’entreprise a la recherche de fonds et tente d’apporter des elements de reponse a trois questions. 1) Qui sont les anges et quel type d’investissement realisent-ils ? 2) De quelle maniere et sur quels criteres ces investisseurs prennent-ils leurs decisions? 3) Quels sont les couts et conditions de ce mode de financement et quelle est l'offre globale de capital direct? Le survol des etudes montre que le financement direct est un phenomene important sur le plan economique, bien que son caractere meme en rende l’evaluation precise impossible. Les travaux anterieurs permettent de tracer un portrait des investisseurs directs et de caracteriser les reseaux non structures qui les lient. Finalement, l’analyse des modes de fonctionnement des anges permet de degager certains avantages et problemes propres au financement direct et de preciser la maniere dont les PME devraient aborder ce type de financement.
Transcriptional network analysis in frontal cortex in Lewy body diseases with focus on dementia with Lewy bodies

The present study investigates global transcriptional changes in frontal cortex area 8 in incidental Lewy Body disease (iLBD), Parkinson disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We identified different coexpressed gene sets associated with disease stages, and gene ontology categories enriched in gene modules and differentially expressed genes including modules or gene clusters correlated to iLBD comprising upregulated dynein genes and taste receptors, and downregulated innate inflammation. Focusing on DLB, we found modules with genes significantly enriched in functions related to RNA and DNA production, mitochondria and energy metabolism, purine metabolism, chaperone and protein folding system and synapses and neurotransmission (particularly the GABAergic system). The expression of more than fifty selected genes was assessed with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our findings provide, for the first time, evidence of molecular cortical alterations in iLBD and involvement of several key metabolic pathways and gene hubs in DLB which may underlie cognitive impairment and dementia.
Contribution potential of glaciers to water availability in different climate regimes

Although reliable figures are often missing, considerable detrimental changes due to shrinking glaciers are universally expected for water availability in river systems under the influence of ongoing global climate change. We estimate the contribution potential of seasonally delayed glacier melt water to total water availability in large river systems. We find that the seasonally delayed glacier contribution is largest where rivers enter seasonally arid regions and negligible in the lowlands of river basins governed by monsoon climates. By comparing monthly glacier melt contributions with population densities in different altitude bands within each river basin, we demonstrate that strong human dependence on glacier melt is not collocated with highest population densities in most basins.
ncreasing Detection Rate f Benign Renal Tumors : Evaluation f Factors Predicting for Benign Tumor istologic Features During Past Two Decades

BJECTIVES To determine whether the detection of benign renal tumors is increasing and to identity the predictors of benign histologic features. The detection of renal cortical tumors has increased with the increased use of abdominal imaging. Current imaging and biopsy techniques cannot predict the renal tumor histologic features with complete accuracy, and many patients undergo surgery for benign lesions. ETHODS The Columbia Urologic Oncology Database was reviewed, and 1244 patients who had undergone partial or radical nephrectomy from 1988 to 2007 were identified. A cohort of 775 patients with a tumor diameter of 7.0 cm, nonmetastatic disease, and nonfamilial disease was selected. Univariate and multivariate logarithmic regression analyses were used to determine the parameters to predict for benign histologic features. ESULTS The proportion of renal surgery for benign tumors of 7.0 cm in diameter has increased annually. When patients were stratified by the year of surgery, the proportion of benign tumors was 5.0% before 1998, 15.2% from 1998 to 2003, and 21.2% from 2004 to 2007. The mean diameter of benign and malignant tumors was 3.0 and 3.5 cm, respectively, and the mean tumor diameter significantly decreased during the study period (P .006). Using multivariate analysis, the year of surgery, tumor diameter, and female sex were independent predictors of benign histologic features (P .05). Age, incidental diagnosis, body mass index, and race were not significant predictors (P .05). ONCLUSIONS Even when controlling for tumor diameter and sex, the incidence of benign tumors detected at renal surgery at our institution has increased significantly in the past 2 decades. UROLOGY 73: 1293–1299, 2009. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.
Hunters-Gatherers of the Levantine Epipalaeolithic: The Socioecological Origins of Sedentism

The archaeological record of the Levantine Epipalaeolithic has generally been interpreted as showing an abrupt and marked change from a system of simple, mobile hunter-gathering to one of sedentary complex foraging. Thus the Natufian is seen to represent a revolutionary break from its immediate predecessors, the Kebaran and Geometric Kebaran are shown not to conform to the small, simple and mobile paradigm and it is possible to document processual change leading to the Natufian. While the Natufian did emerge within a setting of palaeoenvironmental change, it is argued that the origins of this archaeological culture are best explained within a framework of evolving socioecological relationships.
Dimensionally Constrained Symbolic Regression

We describe dimensionally constrained symbolic regression which has been developed for mass measurement in certain classes of events in high-energy physics (HEP). With symbolic regression, we can derive equations that are well known in HEP. However, in problems with large number of variables, we find that by constraining the terms allowed in the symbolic regression, convergence behavior is improved. Dimensionally constrained symbolic regression (DCSR) finds solutions with much better fitness than is normally possible with symbolic regression. In some cases, novel solutions are found.
Study of piezoresistive properties of advanced CMOS transistors: Thin film SOI, SiGe/SOI, unstrained and strained Tri-Gate Nanowires

We hereby present an exhaustive extraction and study of piezoresitive (PR) coefficients in advanced CMOS transistors. In particular, we have evidenced the dependence with channel thickness and channel material compositions (SiGe with various Ge contents). Moreover we report for the first time the measurement of PR coefficient on uniaxially strained and unstrained Tri-Gate Nanowires transistors.
The autophagic pathway is a key component in the lysosomal dependent entry of Trypanosoma cruzi into the host cell

The etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, infects mammalian cells activating a signal transduction cascade that leads to the formation of its parasitophorous vacuole. Previous works have demonstrated the crucial role of lysosomes in the establishment of T. cruzi infection. In this work we have studied the possible relationship between this parasite and the host cell autophagy. We show, for the first time, that the vacuole containing T. cruzi (TcPV) is decorated by the host cell autophagic protein LC3. Furthermore, live cell imaging experiments indicate that autolysosomes are recruited to parasite entry sites. Interestingly, starvation or pharmacological induction of autophagy before infection significantly increased the number of infected cells whereas inhibitors of this pathway reduced the invasion. In addition, the absence of Atg5 or the reduced expression of Beclin1, two proteins required at the initial steps of autophagosome formation, limited parasite entry and reduced the association between TcPV and the classical lysosomal marker Lamp-1. These results indicate that mammalian autophagy is a key process that favors the colonization of T. cruzi in the host cell.
Towards a Theory of Early Visual Processing

We propose a theory of the early processing in the mammalian visual pathway. The theory is formulated in the language of information theory and hypothesizes that the goal of this processing is to recode in order to reduce a generalized redundancy subject to a constraint that specifies the amount of average information preserved. In the limit of no noise, this theory becomes equivalent to Barlow's redundancy reduction hypothesis, but it leads to very different computational strategies when noise is present. A tractable approach for finding the optimal encoding is to solve the problem in successive stages where at each stage the optimization is performed within a restricted class of transfer functions. We explicitly find the solution for the class of encodings to which the parvocellular retinal processing belongs, namely linear and nondivergent transformations. The solution shows agreement with the experimentally observed transfer functions at all levels of signal to noise.