Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Feature Discovery in Relational Reinforcement Learning

We introduce a technique for model-free relational reinforcement learning in indefinite horizon undiscounted domains with bounded reward. Previous work has represented the value function as a ground relational naive Bayes net and has leveraged Bayes net parameter and structure learning techniques to refine successive approximations of the value function. Unfortunately, while value function evaluation and parameter inference are very efficient under this framework, even greedy optimal learning of highly restricted naive Bayes net structure can be computationally prohibitive in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel learning algorithm that focuses Bayes net structure learning on the frequently visited portions of state space. Inspired by the Apriori frequent-itemset data mining algorithm, this structure learning algorithm has the dual benefits of efficiency and low-variance parameter estimates. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, we present encouraging initial results in the game domains of TicTac-Toe, Backgammon, and Othello.
The biology of epidermal growth factor receptor and its value as a prognostic/predictive factor.

: Receptor tyrosine kinases play a major role in human carcinogenesis. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with poor clinical outcome in several types of cancer. In principle, as with HER2, the EGFR status of a tumor should predict the likelihood of response to EGFR-targeted therapy. However, clinical data have failed to demonstrate a relationship between EGFR expression and response to the EGFR-targeted compounds cetuximab, gefitinib and erlotinib. Recently, patients reported to be EGFR negative have been shown to respond to cetuximab. Possible explanations include methodological failures or most likely heterogeneity and complexity of the mechanisms of EGFR-mediated molecular carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemistry is the most widely used method for measuring EGFR expression; however, its value is limited by lack of methodological standardization. Other approaches to measuring EGFR such as amplification assays are currently being introduced but need further testing before they can enter clinical practice. Mutational analysis seems also fruitful in predicting response to anti-EGFR small molecules. Further work is needed to identify how EGFR contributes to the carcinogenic and metastatic processes.
Integrative art education in a metaverse: ground

Virtual learning environments (VLEs) present us with unprecedented opportunities in bringing together students and educators from widely disparate geographical locations, as well as diverse cultures and backgrounds to participate in a learning experience that should take into cognizance the affordances of these novel arenas in the design of both content and the environment(s) in which this content is to be implemented/enacted. While VLEs do seem to address the requirements of well-structured learning endeavours, the boundaries of which are clearly defined, they are challenged where complex learning material in which boundaries are less easily defined, as is the case in art/creativity education, are concerned. Given that the learning content of the creative fields is ‘open ended’ by its very nature and as such does not seem to readily lend itself to an implementation within the structure of present-day, two dimensional virtual learning environments, can such an environment/methodology be developed in the open-ended three-dimensional structure of a metaverse, based upon the critical examination of a real-life, historic precedent?
Design and Implementation of Middleware for Smartphone Environments

The various Smartphone platforms that are used currently make difficult to build efficient applications("apps") for Smartphone. Introduction of middleware in the Smartphone environment is being studied to solve this problem. By enhancing interoperability between server systems and Smartphone platforms as introducing this middleware supports efficiently for Smartphone apps to be developed and managed. Thus, the development of this middleware for Smartphone has become essential for the purpose of responding actively to the rapidly expanding Smartphone market. In this research, we designed and implemented Smartphone middleware which optimizes the cost and time for developing new application service and maintaining it. In order to test this implemented middleware`s performance and its capabilities, we also developed university Smartphone apps and activated campus twitter.
A Review of Pharmacological Treatments of NASH

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease in individuals without significant alcohol consumption and affects up to a third of the population in many developed countries. Approximately 10-30% of patients with NAFLD will progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with hepatocellular injury and inflammation resulting in progressive liver fibrosis, liver failure and liver cancer. The increase in the number of patients with advanced liver disease secondary to NASH, as well as associated hepatocellular carcinoma, will impact on the potential future demand for Liver Transplantation (LT) and also increase the cardiovascular mortality. Despite these large numbers of pharmacological agents that have been used to treat NASH, none of them have yet been shown to improve clinically meaningful outcomes. Also the long term safety of several agents remain to be established. Conclusion: In this clinical review, we will briefly review the pharmacological treatment of NASH in the last years due to the increasing incidence of NAFLD and NASH around the world.
Classification of photorefraction images using neural networks

The early evaluation of the visual status of human infants is of critical importance. Among the objective methods of refraction photorefractive techniques are specifically designed for screening young children. Over the years we have set-up a number of systems with different grades of complexity and automation. One problem that we have to deal with in any approach is the interpretation and classification of the acquired photorefraction images. Previously we used conventional image processing operators and Fourier techniques. In this paper we report on the use of neural networks for automated classification of photorefraction images.
Robust h ∞ consensus analysis of a class of second-order multi-agent systems with uncertainty

This study is concerned with consensus problems for a class of multi-agent systems with second-order dynamics. Some dynamic neighbour-based rules are adopted for the agents with the consideration of parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Sufficient conditions are derived to make all agents asymptotically reach consensus while satisfying desired H∞ performance. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Partial-flooding multicast routing protocol for ad hoc wireless networks

This paper propose a new multicast protocol for ad hoc wireless networks. The scheme, named Partial Flooding, increases packet delivery ratio at high mobility speeds and high traffic rate, without increasing the control overhead. The basic principle is that, nodes will switch to flooding when link failures happen between nodes that are involved in the multicast process. At high mobility speeds link failures are expected to increase and increasing the frequency of updates is not always the ideal way. Our scheme is adaptive to high and low mobility speeds.
A multilayer Monte Carlo method with free phase function choice

This paper presents an adaptation of the widely accepted Monte Carlo method for Multi-layered media (MCML). Its original Henyey-Greenstein phase function is an interesting approach for describing how light scattering inside biological tissues occurs. It has the important advantage of generating deflection angles in an efficient - and therefore computationally fast- manner. However, in order to allow the fast generation of the phase function, the MCML code generates a distribution for the cosine of the deflection angle instead of generating a distribution for the deflection angle, causing a bias in the phase function. Moreover, other, more elaborate phase functions are not available in the MCML code. To overcome these limitations of MCML, it was adapted to allow the use of any discretized phase function. An additional tool allows generating a numerical approximation for the phase function for every layer. This could either be a discretized version of (1) the Henyey-Greenstein phase function, (2) a modified Henyey-Greenstein phase function or (3) a phase function generated from the Mie theory. These discretized phase functions are then stored in a look-up table, which can be used by the adapted Monte Carlo code. The Monte Carlo code with flexible phase function choice (fpf-MC) was compared and validated with the original MCML code. The novelty of the developed program is the generation of a user-friendly algorithm, which allows several types of phase functions to be generated and applied into a Monte Carlo method, without compromising the computational performance.
Operator-specific model: An assembly time prediction model

A model was developed to predict assembly time for a circuit board assembly task. It was based upon the GOMS language developed for task time prediction in human-computer interaction. It incorporated sequential elements of information processing, defined by cognitive, motor, and perceptual processors, in a critical path network. The model was used to predict assembly time for four assembly strategies using four different combinations of workstation and assembly sequences. The model was useful in predicting cognitive changes associated with the development of expertise. As assemblers gained experience, structural changes in the network implied that several processors were chunked. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Music as mirror of mind

Hierarchical and other historically dominant models of perceived musical organisation are increasingly inapplicable to new musical processes and repertoire. The next major paradigm shift for music models, structures and concepts, perhaps comparable in importance to that in which polyphony gave way to homophony, may be a shift of emphasis from means of acoustic production and the nature of sound per se to new musical models based on psychoacoustics, cognitive studies and subjective auditory experience.
DSP structure to motion computation on reconfigurable hardware

Since the world presents a dynamically changing environment, we need synthetic systems that can process and respond to motion. The main contribution of this work is the efficient implementation of a biologically inspired DSP architecture for gradient motion estimation that borrows nature templates as inspiration and makes use of an specific model of human visual motion perception: Multi Channel Gradient Model. This model can be enhanced using psychophysical and bioinspired properties according to biological vision in order to mimic the behavior and the performance of the mammalians. The architecture is designed with an asynchronous pipeline, chaining several signal processing stages. Experimental results and resource consumption are discussed, analyzing the associated customization of the system. This work concludes with several comparisons with the actual contributions and examples for synthetic sequences and real image applications.
Facial Expression Generated Automatically Using Triangular Segmentation

The advancement in computer technology provided instant messaging software that makes human interactions possible and dynamic. However, such software cannot convey actual emotions and lack a realistic depiction of feelings. Instant messaging will be more interesting if users’ facial images are integrated into a virtual portrait that can automatically create images with different expressions. This study uses triangular segmentation to generate facial expressions. The application of an image editing technique is introduced to automatically create images with expressions from an expressionless facial image. The probable facial regions are separated from the background of the facial image through skin segmentation and noise filtration morphology. The control points of feature shapes are marked on the image to create facial expressions. Triangular segmentation, image correction, and image interpolation technique are applied. Image processing technology is also used to transform the space of features, thus generating a new expression.
Planning of Innovation in Higher Education

Abstract The mounting costs of higher education mean that successful innovation cannot be left to chance. Over the last two decades the increase of innovation in higher education has highlighted a need for understanding of the processes of innovation and the ways in which successful innovation may be achieved. Planning of innovation is a management process aiming to facilitate the widespread and enduring adoption of the innovation. This paper considers the planning of innovation in higher education from four aspects: the nature of innovation, the planning process, educational planning and higher education. There are both technical and human constraints in planning of innovation. In the absence of sudden external pressures to change attitudes and beliefs, planning of innovation must seek to create a favourable environment. This may be achieved through altered organisational structures and the provision of support for innovation.
A method of improving misframe for HEC-based variable length frame suitable for IP services

As the layer 2 technology for transfer of the IP packet, a variable length frame has been proposed in which the HEC (Header Error Control) and the frame length are defined in the header. In this paper, it is shown with regard to these HEC-based variable length frames that the phenomenon of misframing is likely, in which a hunt state appears by mistake due to frame error. As a method for improvement, a forced 2-bit error correction method is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is clarified and the sufficient characteristic is demonstrated. In addition, from the point of view of reframe time and false frame probability, the order of the generating polynomial of CRC optimum for HEC and the backside protection stage number are presented. From a similar viewpoint, it is shown quantitatively that the error detection is superior to the error correction with regard to CRC operation in the hunt state and pre-sync state. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(6): 46–58, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10018
Use of collection development policies in electronic resource management

Purpose – Library resources evolve daily with ongoing expansion of electronic offerings by publishers and vendors. Collection development policies have long been employed to guide decision making and inform stakeholders, but how are these policies serving libraries and their users as our collections continue to move online? This paper aims to discuss the role of collection development polices, past and present, and the challenge of collections moving to an electronic format.Design/methodology/approach – The authors performed a content analysis to discover how academic libraries are addressing this change in collection development.Findings – The paper finds that virtually all libraries do an excellent job of addressing the traditional elements of collection development. About half of the libraries mentioned electronic licensing issues in the policy, but most of those were general statements.Originality/value – Although the library profession is well aware of the changes that electronic resources bring to l.
Power analysis and countermeasure of RSA cryptosystem

Public-key cryptography such as RSA cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography are used in electronic transactions. Since the security of the cryptography depends on the cryptographic key which is stored on an IC chip, security was believed to have been established as long as we use smart cards. However, since the mid-1990s, one technique after another has been developed for extracting the secret key without unsealing the IC chip. In particular, the power analysis by Kocher's group is an attack that can be carried out by using practical resources, and various applications have been proposed. In this paper, we study the power analysis of modular exponentiation, which is a primitive of RSA cryptography, and its countermeasures. Specifically, starting with the countermeasures to single-exponent multiple-data (SEMD), multiple-exponent single-data (MESD), and zero-exponent multiple-data (ZEMD) attacks of Messerges's group, we illustrate feasible attacks such as the Big Mac attack of Walter and Thompson, the template attack of Chari's group, and an attack proposed by the authors. We propose a countermeasure and present an implementation in a smart card. If the proposed method is applied to 1024-bit modular exponentiation, adequate security can be obtained in a processing time less than twice the time without countermeasures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(8): 10–20, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20213
Evaluating the Impact of Naltrexone on the Rat Gambling Task to Test Its Predictive Validity for Gambling Disorder.

Gambling Disorder has serious consequences and no medications are currently approved for the treatment of this disorder. One factor that may make medication development difficult is the lack of animal models of gambling that would allow for the pre-clinical screening of efficacy. Despite this, there is evidence from clinical trials that opiate antagonists, in particular naltrexone, may be useful in treating gambling disorder. To-date, the effects of naltrexone on pre-clinical models of gambling have not been evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of naltrexone in an animal model of gambling, the rat gambling task (rGT), to determine whether this model has some predictive validity. The rGT is a model in which rats are given a choice of making either a response that produces a large reward or a small reward. The larger the reward, the greater the punishment, and thus this task requires that the animal inhibit the ‘tempting’ choice, as the smaller reward option produces overall the most number of rewards per session. People with gambling disorder chose the tempting option more, thus the rGT may provide a model of problem gambling. It was found that naltrexone improved performance on this task in a subset of animals that chose the ‘tempting’, disadvantageous choice, more at baseline. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the rGT should be further investigated as a pre-clinical model of gambling disorder and that further investigation into whether opioid antagonists are effective in treating Gambling Disorder may be warranted.
Application of the Hough transform for automated interpretation of linear features in imageries

The use of satellite images for evaluation of structural geology is traditionally undertaken by geologists who manually work through lineament maps as a basis for their further interpretations. The application of the Hough transform as an automated detection of linear features has been discussed by several authors. They have demonstrated that this algorithm has the potential of detecting lines and linear features on images, and thereby allows automated mapping of lineaments for further interpretation of structural geology. The present paper describes an application of the Hough transform for the interpretation of digitally enhanced satellite imageries covering an area of central Norway. The processing of the images includes directional filtering and a maximum filter prior to segmentation of structural features. A novel algorithm based on the Hough transform combined with a moving window algorithm has been implemented and applied for the classification of lineaments according to directionality and length. Regional and local variations of linear features emerge by using different window sizes and "step lengths". The results of the automatic analysis are compared with published interpretations of the structural geology of the investigated area, and it is concluded that the relevant geological features can be detected by this automatized method. <<ETX>>
Private Key Management Scheme Using Image Features

Cryptographic keys used in encryption algorithms face the disadvantages of difficulty in key management especially when it comes to keys generation, sharing, and storage. In this article, using gray level co-occurrence matrix, a textured image is partitioned into regions and textural features were extracted to produce a maximum of 120 bits cryptographic keys. Results showed that by manipulating neighboring pixels, suitable keys of varying lengths and patterns could be generated. The same key used for encryption can be reproduced consistently; this will provide a reliable and flexible method of key generation, sharing, and storage.
Fast Analysis of Structural Reliability Using Gaussian Process Classification Based Dynamic Response Surface Method

The performance function of large-scale complicated engineering structure is always highly nonlinear and implicit, and its reliability needs to be evaluated through a time-consuming Finite Element method (FEM). A new method, Gaussian process classification (GPC) dynamic response surface based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) was proposed. Small training samples were created using FEM and Markov chain. Then, the most probable point (MPP) is predicted quickly using MCS without any extra FEM analysis. Furthermore, an iterative algorithm is presented to reduce the errors of GPC by using information of MPP to improve the reconstructing precision constantly. Then, Monte Carlo method combined with GPC surface is applied to get the probability of failure. Several examples results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, compared with the results of common reliability methods.
Fluctuation phenomena in nerve membrane

The fluctuations of the voltage across the resting membrane of myelinated nerve fibers have been analyzed. They show a 1/f spectrum and a Gaussian amplitude distribution and are related to the net flow of potassium through the membrane. When the average membrane voltage is made more negative by means of an external current, depolarizing deflections can be observed. They cause an asymmetry in the noise amplitude distribution and a marked increase in the subaudio spectral components of the noise. The depolarizing deflections can be attributed to batch-wise inflow of sodium ions. Possible mechanisms of both types of membrane voltage fluctuations are discussed.
Radiologisch-interventionelle Verfahren zur Therapie von kolorektalen Lebermetastasen

Zusammenfassung Mikrotherapeutische Verfahren in der interventionellen Radiologie stellen bei Inoperabilität (technische Inoperabilität, funktionelle Inoperabilität, Komorbiditäten, Wunsch des Patienten) neben der Chemotherapie eine Möglichkeit zur lokalen Kontrolle von Lebermetastasen dar. Einen Schwerpunkt stellen lokale Verfahren wie die Radiofrequenzablation oder die interstitielle Brachytherapie dar, bei denen unter Bildführung durch Ultraschall sowie CT- oder offene MRT-Systeme eine thermische bzw. radiogene Ablation der Malignome durchgeführt wird. Diese erweisen sich als sehr effektiv, sind dabei aber auf einen oligonodulären Befall limitiert. Zur Behandlung einer disseminierten Metastasierung haben sich lokoregionäre Techniken wie die Yttrium-90-Radioembolisation etabliert. Hier wird unter angiografischer Kontrolle der Wirkstoff in Form von radioaktiv markierten Mikrosphären über einen arteriellen Zugang appliziert. Dieser Artikel fokussiert sich auf Metastasen des kolorektalen Karzinoms als häufigste Tumorentität zur interventionell-radiologischen Therapie.