Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ICA-based watermarking scheme resistant to copy attack

As an attacking approach to digital watermark, copy attack has reduced the utility of watermark and posed a threat to copyright protection. In this paper, the image dependent signature is applied to mitigate this attack, which is embedded into the host image synchronously with the watermark. In the detection both signature and watermark can be extracted effectively through independent component analysis (ICA), a classical blind source separation (BSS) technique. By comparing this extracted signature with the one recalculated from the marked image, which describe the host image and the marked image respectively, the legality of the marked image can be identified. Thus the purpose of resisting copy attack can be realized. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness and validity of this proposed scheme.
Anti–Aquaporin‐4 monoclonal antibody blocker therapy for neuromyelitis optica

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Circulating autoantibodies (NMO‐immunoglobulin [Ig]G) against astrocyte water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) cause complement‐ and cell‐mediated astrocyte damage with consequent neuroinflammation and demyelination. Current NMO therapies, which have limited efficacy, include immunosuppression and plasma exchange. The objective of this study was to develop a potential new NMO therapy based on blocking of pathogenic NMO‐IgG binding to its target, AQP4.
Prostaglandin (PG) release in the mixed lymphocyte culture; effect of presensitization by a skin allograft; nature of the PG‐producing cell

A release of prostaglandin (PG) has been demonstrated in lymphocyte culture supernatants. The amount of PG produced is strikingly increased in mixed cultures between allograft donor and recipient. This phenomenon is not yet detectable after 6 h of culture, appears at 24 h and reaches its maximum at 48 h. Little or no increase in PG production is found in the supernatant of primary mixed lymphocyte cultures (i.e. without previous allograft) at least in the first two days of culture. The difference between allografted and control animals begins at day 6 after grafting, reaches a maximum at day 12, remains high until day 20 and decreases thereafter.
Application of orthogonal codes to the calibration of active phased array antennas for communication satellites

This work describes two algorithms designed for remote calibration of an N/sub c/-element active phased-array antenna. These algorithms involve transmission of N/spl ges/N/sub c/ time multiplexed orthogonal encoded signals. The received signals are coherently detected, accumulated in vector forms, and decoded with the inverse of the orthogonal encoding matrix. The unitary transform encoding (UTE) algorithm is most suited for digital beamforming as it requires additional encoding hardware for an analog implementation. The control circuit encoding (CCE) algorithm is ideally suited for analog beamformers as it requires no additional encoding hardware. The CCE method encodes phased-array elemental signals using a Hadamard matrix to control the switching of intrinsic phase shifter delay circuits. The UTE and CCE algorithms can reduce the average measurement integration times for the complete set of calibration parameters by /spl sim/N/sub c/ relative to the corresponding values for single-element calibration procedures. This is significant for satellite systems as calibration must be performed in a short enough time window that the process can be treated as being stationary. Proofs are given that the orthogonal codes satisfy the mathematical lower bounds for the asymptotic forms of calibration parameter estimation variances.
Phase I clinical trial of i.v. ascorbic acid in advanced malignancy.

BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid is a widely used and controversial alternative cancer treatment. In millimolar concentrations, it is selectively cytotoxic to many cancer cell lines and has in vivo anticancer activity when administered alone or together with other agents. We carried out a dose-finding phase I and pharmacokinetic study of i.v. ascorbic acid in patients with advanced malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced cancer or hematologic malignancy were assigned to sequential cohorts infused with 0.4, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.5 g ascorbic acid/kg body weight three times weekly. RESULTS Adverse events and toxicity were minimal at all dose levels. No patient had an objective anticancer response. CONCLUSIONS High-dose i.v. ascorbic acid was well tolerated but failed to demonstrate anticancer activity when administered to patients with previously treated advanced malignancies. The promise of this approach may lie in combination with cytotoxic or other redox-active molecules.
Identification of a transforming gene of human papillomavirus type 16

Previously, we observed sequential two-step alteration, growth stimulation, and progression to a more malignant state in NIH 3T3 cells transfected by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA. In this study, we prepared a cDNA library from RNA extracted from cells transfected with the HPV-16 DNA and isolated cDNA clones which had growth-stimulating activity. Analysis of these cDNA clones indicated that the E7 open reading frame alone is responsible for inducing both steps of this cell transformation.
Tooth patterning and enamel formation can be manipulated by misexpression of TNF receptor Edar

Signaling by Edar, a tumor necrosis factor receptor, is required for the development of ectodermal organs. Mutations in Edar or other molecules of the same signaling pathway cause ectodermal dysplasias in humans and mice. In these diseases, teeth are missing or malformed, and the development of hairs and several glands is hypoplastic. During tooth and hair development, Edar expression becomes patterned to ectodermal placodes and signaling centers. This localization has been suggested to be required for organogenesis. We have expressed Edar throughout the ectoderm using the keratin 14 promoter and show that this misexpression disrupts tooth patterning and differentiation. Tooth shape and cusp number are differentially affected, depending on the amount of transgene expression. In addition, tooth enamel formation is defective in a dose‐dependent manner. We speculate that the tooth patterning defects are caused by ectopic Edar activity outside the signaling centers. Developmental Dynamics 231:432–440, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Kentucky Conference on Brain Tumor Chemotherapy.

T hE Ken tucky Conference on Brain Chemotherapy was held in Lexington, Kentucky, on December 3, 1965, sponsored by the American Cancer Society, Kentucky Division, and cosponsored by the National Ins t i tu te of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. The organizational efforts were shared by Dr. Edgar A. Bering, Jr., Dr. Charles Wilson, and Dr. Horace Norrell. Colonel Charles E. Tucker , Executive VicePresident of the American Cancer Society, Kentucky Division, provided invaluable guidance and support , which are gratefully acknowledged. This paper represents a summary of the conclusions reached a t the meeting. Because of limitations of space much detail has been omitted, bu t the bibliographic references lead one to the detailed material (see Table 1 a t the end of this report). I-9~ The paper, of course, reflects the ideas of the many participants. Several topics were considered and these will be presented under the following headings:
Basic walking trajectory analysis in FLoW ROBOT

Basically Biped robots had to walk like human, to generate this system we use basic approach for analysis human walking behavior. Human walking behavior can be analyzed using Zero Moment Point (ZMP). Zero Moment Point (ZMP) is a zero point which total of gravity forces and horizontal inertia equal 0 (Zero). This paper describes about early step to made basic walking trajectory for FLoW robot. To determine the best Zero Moment Point (ZMP) reference, it can use the comparison of distance and time. From this comparison, the walking characteristic of FLoW robot was found and the best Zero Moment Point (ZMP) trajectory also founded. The basic walking trajectory will generate based on the best Zero Moment Point (ZMP) trajectory as a reference. In the FLoW robot, the best Zero Moment Point Trajectory was founded at distance of 14cm with difference of Zero Moment Point Reference and Real Zero Moment Point equal 0.012cm.
Differences in endocrine function with varying fitness capacity in postpubertal females across the weight spectrum.

OBJECTIVE To relate endocrine and nutritional correlates of fitness in postpubertal physically active females across the normal weight spectrum to identify markers and how these might serve as associations of exercise-related endocrine disruption. DESIGN Cross-sectional study analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance for frequent blood sampling. SETTING A general clinical research center. SUBJECTS Twenty-two healthy postpubertal female subjects recruited 2 years or more after menarche. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maximum oxygen consumption was determined as an index of fitness and daily caloric intake was calculated from a 3-day food diary. During the follicular phase of the cycle, luteinizing hormone was sampled every 10 minutes during a 24-hour period, while follicle-stimulating hormone and cortisol were sampled hourly. RESULTS For every 1-unit increase in maximum oxygen consumption, cortisol concentration increased by 2% (P =.005; 95% confidence interval, 1%-3%). However, there was no association between mean gonadotropin concentrations and fitness. Hormone concentrations were not significantly associated with body mass index or percentage of body fat. Higher mean caloric intake from a 3-day summary was inversely related to mean luteinizing hormone concentration, which decreased by 5.5% for every 100-kcal increase (P =.03; 95% confidence interval, 1%-10%). With every 1-year increase in age at menarche, follicle-stimulating hormone concentration decreased by 12% (P =.01; 95% confidence interval, 4%-19%) and cortisol concentration increased by 7% (P =.03; 95% confidence interval, 1%-12%). CONCLUSIONS In active adolescents, increased cortisol concentration may represent an adaptive change to exercise that may precede gonadotropin changes seen with higher levels of fitness.
The Return due to Diversification of Real Estate to the US Mixed-Asset Portfolio

Booth and Fama (1992) observe that the compound return and so the terminal wealth of a portfolio is greater than the weighted average of the compound returns of the individual investments, a difference referred to as the return due to diversification (RDD). Thus assets that offer high RDD should be particularly attractive investments. This paper test the proposition that US direct real estate is such an asset class using annual data over the period 1951-2001. The results show that adding real estate to an existing mixed-asset portfolio increases the compound return and so the terminal wealth of the fund. However, the results are dependent on the percentage allocation to real estate and the asset class replaced.
Smartphone-Based Indoor Localization System Using Inertial Sensor and Acoustic Transmitter/Receiver

This paper presents a novel smartphone-based indoor localization system that integrates an infrastructure-based acoustic localization system with inertial sensor-based dead reckoning. A fuzzy inference system is developed to achieve a short-term high accuracy tracking by using inertial sensors. The acoustic positioning and the inertial sensor-based dead reckoning are then fused by a Kalman filter with a carefully designed decision making algorithm. Hence, long-term stable and precise indoor localization, which is also robust against short-term measurement noise of the acoustic system, can be achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed system is able to accurately follow the true trajectory meanwhile to maintain the robustness and stability even if the position data of acoustic localization system are missing or erroneous.
Interactions between lipopolysaccharide and the intestinal epithelium.

I ischemia often results in endotoxemia, and endotoxemia significantly increases postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in patients with ischemic intestinal disease. Even if all grossly ischemic intestine is resected, remaining intestine may be injured as a result of distention. In addition, intestine at the margins of the resection may have evidence of serosal injury and neutrophil infiltration. Endotoxemia is a result of absorption of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from intestinal gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria release LPS during periods of rapid proliferation and cell death. Once absorbed, LPS stimulates host cells, principally monocytes and macrophages, to produce and release endogenous mediators of inflammation, triggering pathophysiologic effects that range from mild fever to fatal septic shock. Although intestinal epithelial cells were once regarded as merely a barrier to LPS, it has recently been determined that these cells interact specifically with LPS molecules. Intestinal epithelial cells are normally exposed to high numbers of intact bacteria and high concentrations of bacterial products and form a barrier to LPS absorption and intestinal microbial invasion. As a result, intestinal epithelial cells must recognize and react to pathologic bacteria but avoid responding to the normal gastrointestinal tract flora. Inappropriate responses to normal gastrointestinal tract flora likely play a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Intestinal epithelial cells are regularly exposed to LPS, and small amounts of LPS may be found in the portal blood of healthy individuals. Kupffer cells in the liver typically remove this LPS before it can reach the systemic circulation. However, if the amount of LPS in the portal blood overwhelms the liver’s mechanisms for LPS removal, then LPS will enter the systemic circulation. Circulating LPS interacts with host cells via specific cell surface receptors, and the intercalation of these molecules is considered to be an important step in the activation cascade.
Purification and characterization of rat pancreatic fatty acid ethyl ester synthase and its structural and functional relationship to pancreatic cholesterol esterase

Formation of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs, catalyzed by FAEE synthase) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. In previous studies, we demonstrated that FAEE synthase, purified from rat liver microsomes, is identical to rat liver carboxylesterase (pI 6.1), and structurally and functionally different than that from pancreas. In this study, we purified and characterized rat pancreatic microsomal FAEE synthase, and determined its relationship with rat pancreatic cholesterol esterase (ChE). Since most of the serine esterases express p‐nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA)‐hydrolyzing activity as well as synthetic activity to form fatty acid esters or amides with a wide spectrum of alcohols and amines, respectively, we used PNPA‐hydrolyzing activity to monitor the purification of FAEE synthase during various chromatographic purification steps. Synthesizing activity towards FAEEs, fatty acid methyl esters, and fatty acid anilides was measured only in the pooled fractions. At each step of purification (ammonium sulfate saturation, Q Sepharose XL, and heparin‐agarose column chromatographies, and high performance liquid chromatography (anion exchange and gel filtration)) synthetic as well as hydrolytic activities copurified. Using ethanol, methanol, or aniline as substrates, the ester or anilide synthesizing activity of the purified protein was found to be 8709, 13000, and 2201 nmol/h/mg protein, respectively. The purified protein displayed a single band with an estimated molecular mass of ∼68 kD upon SDS‐PAGE under reduced denaturing conditions, cross‐reacted with antisera against rat pancreatic ChE and showed 100% N‐terminal sequence homology of the first 15 amino acids to that of rat pancreatic ChE. These results suggest that the purified protein has broad substrate specificity towards the conjugation of endogenous long chain fatty acids with substrates having hydroxyl and amino groups and is identical to ChE. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:338–345, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10097
A Pilot Study to Examine the Activity of Primary Plantar Flexor Muscles using an Electric Motorized Treadmill in Comparison to Overground Walking

The gait during overground (OG) and treadmill (TM) walking was already investigated by different scientific groups. Differences in the muscle activation and in the kinetics were found. The aim of the present examination was to find conditions for a comparable or higher activation of the plantar flexor muscles during TM walking in order to give recommendations for training and rehabilitation. A pilot study with different conditions (e.g. with and without inclination) was done. Furthermore, the aspect of different walking velocities in OG and TM walking was investigated. The self selected speed was reduced during TM walking (1.1 km/h). Regarding the muscle activation, it is recognizable that the primary plantar flexor muscles react similarly. The activation is reduced during TM walking. Based on the inclination of 1.5 %, a little larger activity during TM walking is observed for the muscles M. gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis. Our results confirm that there are differences between OG and TM walking in the activation of the primary plantar flexor muscles. The results indicate that there is an effect of different, adjustable conditions (speed and inclination). Further examinations are planned to find detailed information about the different conditions and their impact on the
Guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of human infrabony defects. Clinical, radiographical and microbiological results: a pilot study.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographical and microbiological outcome after using guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with a bioabsorbable membrane, Resolut. Subjects with bilateral infrabony defects at single rooted teeth were selected. A total of 22 teeth, 2 in each 1 of 7 patients and 4 in 2 patients, with probing pocket depth > or =5 mm, 3 months after scaling, participated. At baseline, assessments of plaque and gingival indices, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level were recorded and reproducible radiographs for computer-based bone level measurements were taken. Bacterial samples were collected to investigate the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria, e.g., Porphyromonas/Prevotella- and Fusobactrium-like micro-organisms. One tooth was randomly treated with GTR and the contralateral with an open debridement procedure as a control. Clinical, radiographical and microbiological examinations were repeated 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Both procedures demonstrated a statistically significant improvement of gingival conditions, reduction of pocket depths and gain of attachment. When evaluating the differences between test and control teeth, none of the clinical parameters yielded statistical difference. Computer-based bone-level measurements showed only small differences in the majority of both test and control sites. The differences were not significant. Periodontitis-associated bacteria were present at baseline, but the appearance was not related to any specific site or patient and did not demonstrate any unwanted change in the 6- and 12-month samples. The findings suggest that the clinical, radiographical and microbiological improvements were not significantly enhanced with the GTR therapy.
SYNONYMOUS NON-TAXONOMIC RELATIONS EXTRACTION

Construction of ontology is a difficult task, expensive and time-consuming. Concept, taxonomy and nontaxonomic relations, are the three important components in the development of ontology. These three components are used to represent the whole domain texts. Currently, most of studies focused on extracting the concept, the taxonomic relationships and the non-taxonomic relationships within the scope of single sentence. In order to enrich the domain ontology, we introduced a method to extract the non-taxonomic relations by using the similarities of relations that exist in more than one sentence. The most appropriate predicate are used as a reference to relate between concepts that occur not only in the same sentence, but also in different sentences. Here, the proposed method was tested using a collection of domain texts that described electronic voting machine and are evaluated based on the standard information retrieval performance metrics, i.e. precision and recall.
Advancing Sustainability Through Change and Innovation: A Co-evolutionary Perspective

This article addresses the problem of how change and innovation can create a fuller voice for ecological interests in organizations and public policy, raising issues about change mechanisms at the institutional versus organizational level. First, it suggests that the newer, systems-based and inclusive approaches to organizational development practice and theory may overcome shortcomings of earlier approaches to planned change. Second, it argues that co-evolutionary approaches that use complex adaptive systems thinking will more effectively structure such third-generation interventions by focusing on issues at the institutional level. Third, the article examines a dialectical model of institutional change which incorporates activist input and channels conflict into innovative outcomes. Finally, it presents a case example of how a dialectical model combined with a co-evolutionary perspective could foster the institutional change required to facilitate the integration of ecological priorities into the human systems of organizations.
Differences in finger localisation performance of patients with finger agnosia

Several neuropsychological studies have suggested parallel processing of somatosensory input when localising a tactile stimulus on one's own by pointing towards it (body schema) and when localising this touched location by pointing to it on a map of a hand (body image). Usually these reports describe patients with impaired detection, but intact sensorimotor localisation. This study examined three patients with a lesion of the angular gyrus with intact somatosensory processing, but with selectively disturbed finger identification (finger agnosia). These patients performed normally when pointing towards the touched finger on their own hand but failed to indicate this finger on a drawing of a hand or to name it. Similar defects in the perception of other body parts were not observed. The findings provide converging evidence for the dissociation between body image and body schema and, more importantly, reveal for the first time that this distinction is also present in higher-order cognitive processes selectively for the fingers.