Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns, Mechanisms and Genetics of Speciation in Reptiles and Amphibians

In this contribution, the aspects of reptile and amphibian speciation that emerged from research performed over the past decade are reviewed. First, this study assesses how patterns and processes of speciation depend on knowing the taxonomy of the group in question, and discuss how integrative taxonomy has contributed to speciation research in these groups. This study then reviews the research on different aspects of speciation in reptiles and amphibians, including biogeography and climatic niches, ecological speciation, the relationship between speciation rates and phenotypic traits, and genetics and genomics. Further, several case studies of speciation in reptiles and amphibians that exemplify many of these themes are discussed. These include studies of integrative taxonomy and biogeography in South American lizards, ecological speciation in European salamanders, speciation and phenotypic evolution in frogs and lizards. The final case study combines genomics and biogeography in tortoises. The field of amphibian and reptile speciation research has steadily moved forward from the assessment of geographic and ecological aspects, to incorporating other dimensions of speciation, such as genetic mechanisms and evolutionary forces. A higher degree of integration among all these dimensions emerges as a goal for future research.
The Measurement of Reliability based on the Heterogeneity of the Network

The reliability of complex network is an important content in the research of complex networks. In order to evaluate the reliability of the complex network, the standard deviation of the degree values to characterize the heterogeneity of the network, considering the difference of the degree distribution, such as Poisson distribution and Power-laws distribution in random network and scale-free network, a function on the reliability of the complex network is defined with convergence and monotonicity which is proved. Under two failure models, random destruction and intentional attack, we simulate the reliability function by the proportion of removed edges. Then we analysis the relation between the network heterogeneity and network reliability. The results show that the reliability function is effective and applicable to assess the reliability of complex network.
Psychological interventions using virtual reality for pain associated with medical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Virtual reality (VR) may enhance the effectiveness of psychological interventions for acute pain. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of VR-based interventions for pain associated with medical procedures. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO until June 17th 2018. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing VR-based psychological interventions to usual care, for pain intensity (primary outcome) or affective and cognitive components of pain (secondary outcomes), assessed real-time or retrospectively. Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. Risk of bias was independently evaluated by three raters using the revised Cochrane Collaboration tool. A random-effects model using the Paule and Mandel estimator was used for pooling effect sizes. Results 27 RCTs (1452 patients) provided enough data for meta-analysis. Compared to usual care, VR-based interventions reduced pain intensity both real-time (9 RCTs, Hedges' g = 0.95, 95% CI 0.32–1.57) and retrospectively (22 RCTs, g = 0.87, 95% CI 0.54–1.21). Results were similar for cognitive (8 RCTs, g = 0.82, 95% CI 0.39–1.26) and affective pain components (14 RCTs, g = 0.55, 95% CI 0.34–0.77). There was marked heterogeneity, which remained similarly high in sensitivity analyses. Across domains, few trials were rated as low risk of bias and there was evidence of publication bias. Adverse events were rare. Conclusions Though VR-based interventions reduced pain for patients undergoing medical procedures, inferring clinical effectiveness is precluded by the predominance of small trials, with substantial risk of bias, and by incomplete reporting.
Time preference of headache attack and chronotype in migraine and tension-type headache

ABSTRACT Migraine attacks have a time preference of headache attack (TPHA). Chronotype is the propensity for an individual to sleep at a particular time during a 24-h period. However, limited evidence exists regarding the association between TPHA and chronotype in individuals with migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). The aim of the present study is to investigate TPHA and chronotype in individuals with migraine and TTH, which are two of the most common primary headaches. One hundred sixty-nine first-visit migraine and TTH participants were consecutively enrolled. Information on sleep onset time and wake up time on workdays and free days, and TPHA were investigated with a face-to-face interview using a questionnaire booklet. Chronotype was assessed, using the midpoint of sleep on free days, corrected for sleep extension on free days (MSFsc), by subtracting one-half of the average weekly sleep duration. Headache frequency per month, headache intensity, impact of headache, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, insomnia severity, and mood status were also assessed. Time preference of headache attack was reported for 45.5% and 44.8% of participants with migraine and TTH, respectively. Migraineurs with TPHA had an earlier MSFsc than did migraineurs without TPHA (1:18 a.m. ± 282 min vs. 4:18 a.m. ± 186 min; p = .022). Among migraineurs with TPHA, a later MSFsc was associated with a later preferential time of attack (β = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6–2.1, p = .004). A later MSFsc was significantly correlated with a higher headache frequency per month among migraineurs with TPHA (β = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.3–3.4, p = .023), but was not significantly correlated among migraineurs without TPHA (β = 1.4, 95% CI −1.7–4.4, p = .332). Among TTH participants with TPHA, MSFsc was not significantly associated with a preferential time of attack (β = −0.2, 95% CI = −1.0 to 0.6, p = .611). Headache frequency was not associated with MSFsc among TTH participants with TPHA (β = 0.2, 95% CI = −1.2 to 1.6, p = .792) or among TTH participants without TPHA (β = 0.4, 95% CI = −0.5 to 1.3, p = .354). In conclusion, approximately one-half of participants with migraine and TTH reported having TPHA. Migraineurs with TPHA had an earlier chronotype than did migraineurs without TPHA. A later chronotype was associated with increased headache frequency and a later time of attack among migraineurs with TPHA. Among participants with TTH, TPHA and headache frequency were not significantly associated with chronotype.
Isolation and characterization of novel O-methyltransferase involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids biosynthesis in Eschscholzia californica Purwanto

Right 許諾条件により本文は2018-07-11に公開; Ratmoyo Purwanto, Kentaro Hori, Yasuyuki Yamada, Fumihiko Sato; Unraveling Additional O-Methylation Steps in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica), Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 58, Issue 9, 1 September 2017, Pages 1528‒1540, https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcx093; This is not the published version. Please cite only the published version. この論文は出 版社版でありません。 引用の際には出版社版をご確認ご 利用ください。
Rapid communication Detection of plasmid-mediated tigecycline-resistant gene tet ( X 4 ) in Escherichia coli from pork , Sichuan and Shandong Provinces , China , February 2019

Research Combination prevention and HIV: a cross-sectional community survey of gay and bisexual men in London, October to December 2016 6 Louise Logan, Ibidun Fakoya, Alison Howarth, Gary Murphy, Anne M Johnson, Alison J Rodger, Fiona Burns and Anthony Nardone Monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends in commensal Escherichia coli from livestock, the Netherlands, 1998 to 2016 14 Ayla Hesp, Kees Veldman, Jeanet van der Goot, Dik Mevius and Gerdien van Schaik
Intraspecific genetic divergence within Helianthus niveus and the status of two new morphotypes from Mexico.

PREMISE Collecting and characterizing the genetic diversity of wild relatives of crops can contribute importantly to sustainable crop production and food security. Wild sunflower, Helianthus niveus, occurs in arid regions in western North America and is partially cross-compatible with the cultivated sunflower (H. annuus). We assessed phylogenetic relationships and patterns of genetic divergence among three previously described subspecies (subsp. niveus, subsp. canescens, and subsp. tephrodes) as well as two new morphotypes of H. niveus recently discovered in extreme drought and dune habitats in Baja California, Mexico. METHODS We measured 50 plants growing in a common garden for 27 morphological traits and conducted principal component analysis to assess patterns of phenotypic variation. Genome size of each accession was determined using flow cytometry. Pollen viability of first generation hybrids between taxa was tested to infer the strength of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive barriers. Finally, genotyping-by-sequencing data were used to investigate the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships among the previously described subspecies and new morphotypes. RESULTS The intraspecific genetic and phenotypic divergence of H. niveus populations closely tracks their geographical distribution. Subspecies niveus is phenotypically, genetically, and reproductively distinct from the other two subspecies and has a larger genome. Therefore, H. niveus as currently circumscribed should be considered to contain two distinct species, H. niveus and H. tephrodes. ABBA-BABA tests revealed substantial introgression between subsp. canescens and its sympatric congener H. petiolaris, which might contribute to their morphological similarities. The two new morphotypes collected in Mexico represent local ecotypes of subsp. niveus that occur in extreme drought and dune environments. Mantel tests showed a strong positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that geographic isolation is primarily responsible for intraspecific genomic divergence within H. niveus, while patterns of phenotypic variation appear to have been shaped by ecological selection and interspecific introgression.
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Characteristics and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Questionnaire Score in Collegiate Baseball Athletes.

CONTEXT Upper extremity (UE) musculoskeletal injuries are common in baseball athletes due to the increased demand placed on the UE. The link between risk factors for UE musculoskeletal injuries and baseball athletes' perceived UE function and pain, as measured by the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) questionnaire, is unclear. OBJECTIVE To (1) describe the musculoskeletal characteristics of the UE (posture, range of motion, flexibility, and isometric strength) in a population of baseball athletes and (2) determine the predictive capability of UE musculoskeletal characteristics for the KJOC score in these athletes. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Athletic training room. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 37 male National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball athletes (age = 20.10 ± 1.27 years, height = 186.96 ± 7.64 cm, mass = 90.60 ± 10.69 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Athletes self-reported all shoulder musculoskeletal injuries and completed the KJOC questionnaire. Postural assessment consisted of forward head and shoulder posture. Flexibility tests characterized glenohumeral internal and external rotation, posterior shoulder tightness, and pectoralis minor length. Strength tests involved the lower and middle trapezius, rhomboid, glenohumeral internal and external rotation, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, supraspinatus, and upper trapezius. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) All 10 KJOC questions were summed for an overall score out of 100. Questions 1 through 5 were summed for a pain score; questions 6 through 10 were summed for a function score. All data were assessed for normality. A stepwise multiple regression model was fit to determine if the predictor variables assessed could predict the KJOC score. We set the α level a priori at . 05. RESULTS For the KJOC total score, a 1-year history of shoulder injury accounted for 7.80% of the variance in the KJOC total score (P = .07). For KJOC questions 1 through 5, a history of UE injury in the year before testing and posterior shoulder tightness accounted for 14.40% of the variance in the KJOC total score (P = .047). CONCLUSIONS The link between a history of UE musculoskeletal injuries and the KJOC score highlights the need for continued focus on self-perceived pain and function after UE musculoskeletal injury.
Consequences of Anthropogenic Changes in the Sensory Landscape of Marine Animals

Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. This volume covers topics that include resting cysts from coastal marine plankton, facilitation cascades in marine ecosystems, and the way that human activities are rapidly altering the sensory landscape and behaviour of marine animals. For more than 50 years, OMBAR has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. From Volume 57 a new international Editorial Board ensures global relevance, with editors from the UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and Singapore. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and institutes, but also universities.
Pricing of Idiosyncratic Risk in an Intermediary Asset Pricing Model

This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself.
METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER

Drexler et al., 1993 (Leukemia and Lymphoma, 9:1-25). * Embleton et al., 1984 (Immunol Ser, 23:181-207). * Hsu, 1973 (in Tissue Culture Methods and Applications, Kruse and Patterson, Eds, Academic Press, NY, see abstract, p. 764). * Tian, Jet al., 2004 (Physiol Genomics, 17: 170-182). * Bowie (Science, 1990, 257: 1306-1310). * Burgess et al (J of Cell Bio. 111:2129-2138, 1990). * Lazaretal (Molecular and Cellular Biology, 1988, 8:1247-1252). * Stedman's medical dictionary, 25th ed., 1990, p. 1029-1030. * MPSRCH search report, 2007, us-1 1.038. 285a-5-copy-22-232.rpr, result 1, pp. 1-2. * MPSRCH search result, 2009, us-11-038-285.9 rapbm, result 5, p. 1. * Santourlidis et al., 2001, Mol carcinogenesis, 32: 36-43. * Gazinet al., 2007, Nature, 449 (7165): 1073-1077. * El-Deiry “Regulation of p53 downstream genes'. Semin.Cancer Biol., vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 345-357. 1998. Giaccia et al. “The complexity of p53 modulation: emerging patterns from divergent signals'. Genes Dev. , vol. 12, No. 19, pp. 2973-2983. Oct. 1, 1998. Burns et al. “The p53 pathway and apoptosis'. J.Cell Physiol, vol. 181, No. 2, pp. 231-239. Nov. 1999. Vogelstein et al. “p53 function and dysfunction”. Cell, vol. 70, No. 4. pp. 523-526. Aug. 21, 1992. Thompson et al. “Loss of p53 function leads to metastasis in ras--myc-initiated mouse prostate cancer. Oncogene, vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 869-879. Mar. 2, 1995. Thompson et al. "Oncogenes, growth factors, and hormones in pros tate cancer, in Hormones and growth factors in development and neoplasia. Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, 1998, pp. 327-359. Navone et al. p53 protein accumulation and gene mutation in the progression of human prostate carcinoma. J.Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol. 85, No. 20, pp. 1657-1669. Oct. 20, 1993. Eastham et al. "Association of p53 mutations with metastatic prostate cancer', Clin.Cancer Res, vol. 1, No. 10, pp. 1111-1118. Oct. 1995. Yang et al. "Clustered p53 immunostaining: a novel pattern associ ated with prostate cancer progression’. Clin. Cancer Res, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 399-401. Feb. 1996.
ESL Reading Activities on Facebook among Malaysian University Students

The integration of Facebook into English as a Second Language (ESL) environment are prevalent in many higher institution settings, but not many focuses on the receptive skills of reading. This study examines university students’ perceptions of Facebook for ESL reading activities. To accomplish this, three methods of data collection were employed; a questionnaire, an informal Facebook group (IFG), and interviews. The findings show that students with good reading ability undertook more reading activities on Facebook, perceived the highest development of language skills after using Facebook and had the most positive attitudes towards English language learning on Facebook compared to students with moderate and poor reading ability. The students saw the effectiveness of the IFG in
A constraint-based taxonomy of grasp strategies for grasping flat objects

The dexterity with which humans manipulate a variety of flat objects is remarkable, as they cope with this task by not only utilizing contact with the environment, but also by using different strategies depending on constraints posed by the object or the environment. As a precedent, consider the case of the different strategies involved in grasping a smartphone, a book or a plate lying on a table. This work presents an approach for selecting a suitable grasp strategy for grasping flat objects from support surfaces. Grasp strategies generally involve contact with the support surface and are robust to object pose estimation errors. Apart from the feasibility of the approaching direction and the spread adequacy, this approach takes into account the geometric convexity of the object-surface combination yielding three main strategies.
RELEVANCE OF GROUND MOTION NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS : WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED SINCE THE ESG ’ 2006 BENCHMARK ?

In parallel to the acquisition of field data and on-site observations, the theoretical understanding of site effects and the corollary development of numerical simulation are essential. Th is is particularly true in areas of low seismicity, where limited availab le data must be supplemented with numerical simulations. Before apply ing these approaches to the civil engineering design purposes, i t is necessary to evaluate their reliab ility. The ESG 2006 simulat ion benchmark concluded that: ―The way [was] still long towards a routine, debugged used of numerical simulat ion [. ], including new benchmarking exercises; the results and lessons drawn [. ] constitute a few, solid, forward steps in that direction‖. The logical and necessary continuation to the ESG 2006 exercise is the ―EuroseisTest Verification and Validation Project (E2VP)‖. The E2VP focuses on the Volvi Mygdonian basin (Greece) for which a detailed 3D model and local earthquake recordings are available. It involves numerical-modeling teams from Europe, Japan and USA employing a wide range of d ifferent numerical methods – finite-d ifference, fin ite-element, global pseudospectral, spectral-element, discrete-element and discontinuous Galerkin. The problem configurations include elastic and visco-elastic rheologies, different basin velocity models and different source scenarios. The characteristics of the site basin size o f tens of kilometers, shear wave velocities as low as 200 m/s with VP/VS ratios as high as 7.5 and frequencies in the range [0-4 Hz] make the E2VP an unprecedented effort in assessing the reliab ility of 3D numerical simulat ion to model earthquake ground motion in realistic config urat ions. The results achieved so far show that a proper method and implementation of a continuous and discontinuous material heterogeneity, large Poisson‘s ratios, attenuation, non-reflecting boundary and free-surface condition are the key elements of a reasonable numerical simulation. The pro ject confirms that still some important methodological questions remain to be addressed and answered before the methods are confronted with data, and highlights the necessity of a continuing methodology development of the traditional and new methods in their application to the complex realistic models.
Response of certain physical and chemical treatments to improve seed germination of Rauvolfia serpentina ( L . ) Benth

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. is a threatened plant species because of extensive utilization for its wide ranging medicinal applications. The roots of R. serpentina are under use in traditional and Modern systems of medicine. The wild population of this valuable medicinal plant is in dwindling stage in the natural habitats due to over exploitation and different anthropogenic activities. R. serpentina can be propagated by both seed and propagules but seed mediated propagation is unsatisfactory due to dormancy and poor germination. Thus efforts were made in this study to break dormancy and improve germination of seeds for boosting conservation. The viability of R. serpentina was found 69%. Germination percentage of treated seeds showed improved germination of 27.5% when treated with H 2 SO 4 for 30 minutes. Scarified seed exhibited 38% germination and the highest germination achieved by Gibberellic acid 300ppm (59.7%) over control which resulted into only 13% germination. Temperature also influenced the germination percentage that was obtained highest at 30C. Results of treatments indicate the presence of coat induced and non-deep physiological dormancy in this species. Due to its potential to cure different diseases it is therefore essential to cultivate this drug yielding plant on large scale for the mass multiplication and production of quality planting material of R. Serpentina.
FRACTIONATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF GRAPE SEED ( VITIS VINIFERA ) BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION

Supercritical fl uid extraction (SFE) was used for fractionation of grape seed to be applied in natural products of the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industry. A two-step process was developed, consisting of conventional alcoholic extraction followed by SFE with carbon dioxide. The effects of pressure and concentration of co-solvent (ethanol) at constant temperature and solvent to feed-ratio were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of extracts and raffi nates was measured with the DPPH* free radical scavenging assay. It was observed that supercritical carbon dioxide can be used in the described process for fractionation of an alcoholic grape seed extract to obtain a product with noticeably high antioxidant activity and a second one with no antioxidant activity or pro-oxidant activity.