Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How is evidence used for planning, implementation and evaluation of health promotion? A global collection of case studies

Like many other areas in the field of health and public health, health promotion has been influenced by the evidence-based movement. As in other fields competing for resources allocated from public funds, health promotion has embraced the ideal of scientific rationality to legitimize its claim of contributing to the betterment of society (1). Although the Ottawa Charter, and the public health strategies that were designed and implemented under its auspices, constitute a solid foundation for the dual objective of increasing population health and improving equity in health (2), it is no longer sufficient to take these strategic approaches at face value. This, combined with demands from training programmes that push the field towards increased professionalization, makes the anchoring of health promotion into scientific evidence all the more appealing. There is, however, a huge caveat that impedes health promotion’s enthusiastic embrace of the evidence-based movement, and it relates to the very core of the Ottawa Charter that identifies context as a defining principle for the field. Local relevance is paramount for health promotion, and it seems, at first glance, that there might be conflict between this principle of action and the claim to universalism that is often made in the name of scientific evidence (3).
Wideband unidirectional circularly polarized antenna for GPS/Galileo/GLONASS

A wideband unidirectional circularly polarized antenna is proposed for Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo Systems. The antenna consists of a printed dipole-like element, spaced from a planar reflector. The fed element comprises a printed asymmetrical dipole with an open-ended slot between the feed lines. The operating frequency range covers the GPS system (L1, L2), GLONASS and Galileo system (E5, E6, E1-E2-L1). A parametric study of key parameters including reflector size and spacing are discussed. The impedance bandwidth, axial-ratio and gain are analyzed.
Error analysis in T1-weighted DCE-MRI

In bolus-tracking MRI, a bolus of paramagnetic tracer is injected intravenously, and the signal changes induced by the tracer are measured in an organ-of-interest using a fast dynamic imaging sequence [1]. The objective is to measure hemodynamic properties of body tissue. For this purpose, two signal-time curves must be measured: one inside the feeding artery (the arterial input function AIF), and one in the tissue of interest. Data analysis essentially involves two separate steps: first, the concentration-time curves of the tracer must be derived from the measured signal-time curves; second, the tissue’s hemodynamic properties must be derived from the arterialand tissue concentrations using the principles from tracer-kinetic theory [2,3].
Study on symmetric key encryption: An Overview

Cryptography is the art to keep data secure from hackers by means of a secret that is only known to the communicating parties. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. This paper aims to provide an overview on symmetric key encryption.
Effect of Cooking Temperature on Some Quality Characteristics of Soy Milk

The effect of different processing temperatures on some quality characteristics of soymilk was determined. Soybean was processed at varying temperatures (80, 90 and 110°C), to produce soymilk samples A, B and D, with product processed using the normal boiling temperature of 100°C (sample C) as standard. The soymilk products were subjected to physiochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses using standard analytical methods. The moisture and crude fat contents decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in temperature from 92.05 to 89.78% and 2.26 to 2.04% respectively; while the converse was true of crude protein, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate contents, which all increased significantly (p<0.05). Total solids and pH increased from 7.95 to 10.90 and 6.50 to 6.58 respectively. The Total Viable Count (TVC) ranged from 1.4×10 3 -2.3×10 3 CFU/mL, while yeast and mould count ranged from 0.3×10 2 to 1.2×10 2 CFU/mL, with the lowest values coming from the products processed at 110°C, thus making sample D microbiologically safer than the others. Mean sensory scores for colour and flavour ranged from 5.90 to 7.00 and 5.87 to 8.33, respectively. Though all the soy milk products were acceptable, milk processed at 100°C (sample C) had the highest acceptability score (8.33) followed by samples B (6.60), A (5.89) and D (5.87) in that order. Processing at 100°C gave the best product in terms of all the attributes measured and is therefore, recommended for soy milk processors.
CMOS Image Sensor for Rapid Chemical Detection

Toxic chemicals are one of the major global issues due to their adverse effect to human health and biosystems. This present study demonstrated a CMOS image sensor based highly sensitive colorimetric sensing system for the detection various pH ranges (pH1 to 13). For the reaction, pH indicator blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium (TiO2) nanoparticle; and developed the thin hydrogel films, which was suitable chip to carry out the chemical interaction and detection by CMOS image sensor. Various pH solutions were applied on the hydrogel films, and the chemicals were reacted with pH indicator, and reactions produced the color changes based on their pH range within 30 seconds. Each film produced different color (red to blue) based on their pH range, which is useful to identify the pH range as qualitatively and the color development was quantitatively analyzed by the CMOS image sensor. The CMOS image sensor absorbed the color and displayed the red, green, and blue (RGB) color value as a digital number with the aid of an analog-to-digital converter. The sensor produced the highly sensitive results for each individual pH range based on color developed in the film. This novel method of pH detection will produce an excellent chemical sensor with rapid, cheaper, selective and user-friendly for smart on-site toxic detection.
High-density lipoprotein impedes glycation of low-density lipoprotein

Glycation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increases its atherogenicity, but whether high-density lipoprotein (HDL) can protect LDL against glycation is not known. LDL and HDL were isolated from 32 volunteers with serum HDL cholesterol concentrations ranging from 0.76 to 2.01 (mean = 1.36) mmol/L. Glycation of LDL was induced by incubation with 0–80 mmol/L glucose for 7 days at 37°C under nitrogen in the presence of and absence of human HDL. Glycation of LDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) doubled at glucose 50 and 80 mmol/L (both p < 0.001), and this increase was ameliorated by HDL. In the absence of glucose, 0.11 (0.01) [mean (standard error, SE)] mg apoB/mg LDL protein was glycated increasing to 0.22 (0.02) mg/mg at glucose 80 mmol/L in the absence of HDL, but remaining at 0.13 (0.01) mg/mg when autologous HDL was present. Heterologous HDL from a further study of 12 healthy participants was similarly effective in impeding LDL apoB glycation. HDL impeded not only glycation but also the lipid peroxidation, free amino group consumption and increased electrophoretic mobility of LDL which accompanied glycation. HDL from participants with higher serum paraoxonase1 (PON1) was more effective in impeding glycation and the related processes. In conclusion, HDL can impede the glucose-induced glycoxidation of LDL. PON1 may be important for this function of HDL.
Dose thresholds and local anhidrotic effect of botulinum A toxin injections (Dysport®)

s are invited for a 3-day symposium, Àdvances in Medical and Surgical Dermatology', to be held 79± December 2001 in New York, USA. Closing date for abstracts is 1 November, 2001. The timetable for the meeting is as follows: Friday December 7: Surgical meeting. Cutting edge lectures on all aspects of surgical and cosmetic dermatology: Saturday December 8: Live patient demonstrations of filler substances, Botox, laser treatments. Scientific meeting lectures by leaders in dermatological research. Prizes of $500, $250 and $100 will be awarded for the best three poster abstracts. Sunday December 9: Medical meeting. State-of-the-art lectures on psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, STDs, skin manifestations of HIV, topical immunomodulators, contact dermatitis. Reduced registration fee available for dermatologists outside of north America. Further information can be obtained from: http://www.mssm. edu/dermatology/symposium2001, or by contacting Donald Rudikoff MID, email: RNAhybrid(a)aol.com British Skin Foundation 2001 Awards: Call for Grant Applications The Trustees of the British Skin Foundation wish to announce that funding is again available for skin disease research. This year there are four categories of award as listed below. Applicants are asked to apply for funding from the category that they feel is most appropriate. The closing date is 17th September 2001. BSF Research Awards: Oneor 2-year project grants of up to £50,000 per annum. The BSF Fellowship: A grant of £40,000 to support a specialist registrar in dermatology through one year of research. Candidates should submit details of their proposed research and a C.V. in the manner described below. Selection will be by interview in late 2001. It is envisaged that the successful candidate will already hold an NTN or will have just completed their training. BSF Small Grant Awards: One-off payments of up to £10,000. May be used to purchase equipment or for less costly projects. BSF Studentship: A 3-year package, value £44,000, covering tuition fees, expenses and some consumables. If you wish to receive an application form for a British Skin Foundation grant, please contact the office, specifying the type of grant you are interested in at: British Skin Foundation, 19 Fitzroy Square, London WIT 6EH, U.K. Tel: 20 7383 0266; fax: 7388 5263. NEWS AND NOTICES 373
Variation in Helper Type Affects Group Stability and Reproductive Decisions in a Cooperative Breeder

Recent studies have shown that differences in life history may lead to consistent inter-individual variation in behavioural traits, so-called behavioural syndromes, animal personalities or temperaments. Consistencies of behaviours and behavioural syndromes have mainly been studied in non-cooperative species. Insights on the evolution of cooperation could be gained from studying individual differences in life histories and behavioural traits. Kin selection theory predicts that if an individual’s reproductive ability is low, it had to aim at gaining inclusive fitness benefits by helping others. We tested this prediction in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, by assessing reproductive parameters of adults that had been tested earlier for aggressiveness and for their propensity to assist breeders when they had been young (‘juveniles’). We found that juvenile aggression levels predicted the acceptance of a subordinate in the group when adult. Males which were aggressive as juveniles were significantly more likely to tolerate a subordinate in the group when compared with males which were peaceful as juveniles, whereas females which were more aggressive as juveniles tended to expel subordinates more often. Females produced significantly smaller clutches when paired to males which had helped more as a juvenile, despite the fact that adult males hardly provided direct brood care. There was no evidence that females with a high propensity to help when young, produced smaller clutches or eggs when adult, but they took longer to lay their first clutch when compared with females with a low propensity to help when young. These results suggest that variation in behavioural types might explain variation in cooperation, the extent of group-living and reproductive decisions.
[Ca2+]i transients and [Ca2+]i‐dependent chloride current in single Purkinje cells from rabbit heart.

1. Single Purkinje cells, enzymatically isolated from rabbit ventricle, were studied under whole‐cell voltage clamp and internally perfused with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, indo‐1 (100 microM). 2. Fast [Ca2+]i transients were elicited by brief depolarizations from a holding voltage of ‐45 mV and by repolarization from very positive potentials. The peak [Ca2+]i‐voltage relation was bell‐shaped with a peak around +10 mV. 3. [Ca2+]i transients were completely blocked by the Ca2+ channel antagonist, nisoldipine (10 microM) and were very small when Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was prevented by superfusion of cells by caffeine (1 mM) or ryanodine (10 microM). A fast application of caffeine induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. These results suggest [Ca2+]i transients are due to Ca(2+)‐induced Ca2+ release from the SR. 4. Rate of decline of the [Ca2+]i transient was voltage dependent, suggesting contribution of the Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchanger to Ca2+ efflux. At very positive potentials (> +60 mV), Ca2+ influx through the Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchanger could be observed. 5. A transient outward current was observed at potentials positive to +10 mV, but only if depolarizing pulses were accompanied by a [Ca2+]i transient. 6. When the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient was changed by (1) changes in [Ca2+]o, (2) changes in frequency of depolarization or (3) conditioning prepulses, the amplitude of the outward current changed in the same direction. This suggests activation of the current is dependent on and graded by [Ca2+]i. 7. The outward current was observed in K(+)‐free solutions, in the presence of Cs+ and TEA+, and was not blocked by 4‐aminopyridine (10 mM). In contrast, DIDS (100 microM) decreased the outward current by 70 +/‐ 20% (mean +/‐ S.D., n = 9), without affecting [Ca2+]i. 8. When external Cl‐ was lowered, the amplitude of the outward current decreased; when internal Cl‐ was replaced by aspartate, it became apparent at more negative potentials. These interventions strongly suggest the current was carried by Cl‐; it can therefore be referred to as a [Ca2+]i‐activated Cl‐ current or ICl(Ca). 9. When ICl(Ca) was maximally activated during a conditioning step, steps to negative potentials revealed inward currents through ICl(Ca) (in symmetrical Cl‐ solutions). The fully activated I‐V relation was linear. 10. ICl(Ca) could be activated at membrane potentials between ‐80 and +80 mV by a fast application of caffeine (10 mM), inducing Ca2+ release from the SR, demonstrating that ICl(Ca) does not require membrane depolarization or Ca2+ influx through the Ca2+ channel for its activation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Urinary ethyl glucuronide testing detects alcohol consumption in alcoholic liver disease patients awaiting liver transplantation

This study compared measurement of urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a conjugated minor ethanol metabolite with a longer detection window than ethanol itself, with breath alcohol testing and self‐report as ways to disclose recent drinking by 18 liver transplant candidates with an alcoholic liver disease diagnosis that underwent an addiction group therapy program. At each therapy session, patients were questioned about any alcohol consumption in the intervening time, and they also performed a mandatory breath alcohol test, while observed urine samples for measurement of EtG were delivered on a voluntary basis. None of the patients ever admitted to intake of alcohol, and only 1 of 127 breath alcohol tests turned out positive. However, 9 patients showed positive EtG results in 24 (49%) of 49 urine samples. The individual frequency of urine samples being positive for EtG ranged from 22% to 100% with a mean value of 57%. Because 6 patients refused to provide urine on a total of 18 occasions, alcohol use might have been even more common. These results underscore the uncertainty of self‐report data and the low sensitivity of breath alcohol testing as ways to disclose recent drinking, and underline the necessity of introducing sensitive and specific objective measures of recent alcohol consumption, such as EtG, in the transplantation setting. Liver Transpl 13:757–761, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
A theorem on recursively enumerable vector spaces

This paper* is based on [1] and [2], but since we study only roe. spaces, we prefer an exposition which is almost self-contained. Let F be a countable field for which there is a one-to-one mapping φ from F onto a recursive subset of ε = (0, 1, . . .) such that: 0(OF) = 0, φ(lF) = 1, +F and . F correspond to partial recursive functions, φ(F) = (0, . . ., q 1), if card(F) = q and φ(F) = ε, if cαrd(JP) = 80 We write toF for the vector space over F which consists of all sequences of field elements with at most finitely many nonzero components, together with component-wise addition and scalar multiplication. Put
Hypnosis and Relaxation in the Context of Plastic Surgery Nursing

Hypnotic induction and relaxation strategies are discussed as helpful resources for plastic surgery nurses in providing optimal patient care. An overview of the history and context of these strategies is provided along with descriptions of specific techniques to assist patients to relax when receiving potentially painful procedures. The techniques discussed include mindful focus, focused breathing, body scan, progressive relaxation, and guided imagery. Additional resources are provided for nurses seeking further training.
CASTOR OIL AS A VEHICLE FOR PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF STEROID HORMONES.

Steroid hormones may be administered parenterally in high concentrations as oil solutions. In this form they exhibit a prolonged action and reduce the number of injections required. To accommodate the demand for increasingly greater concentrations of hormones in solution, castor oil in combination with other suitable oilmiscible solvents, has been found to fulfill a need. The development of several formulations together with the results of animal testing, as well as clinical trials in humans, attest to the acceptability of this oil for the purposes intended.
Long-term course and outcome of functional capacity in rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of disease activity and radiologic damage over time.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the evolution of functional capacity, disease activity, and joint destruction over time in a 12-year prospective cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to study the relative contribution of disease activity and joint destruction to the loss of functional capacity. METHODS One hundred thirty-two female patients with recent-onset RA were assessed at 0, 3, 6, and 12 years of followup for functional capacity (Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ] score), disease activity (Disease Activity Score [DAS]), and joint destruction (Sharp score of radiologic damage). RESULTS The Sharp score deteriorated steadily over time, while the HAQ score and DAS showed a variable course. The DAS correlated strongly with the HAQ score throughout the disease course. The correlation between the Sharp score and the HAQ score was weak at study start, but became strong after 12 years. After 12 years of followup, disease activity was the main determinant of the HAQ score when entered in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Functional capacity is strongly influenced by disease activity throughout the course of RA. Even in longstanding RA, disease activity proves to be the main determinant of the HAQ score for functional capacity.
[The utility of bispectral index monitoring in general anesthesia].

BACKGROUND The Bispectral Index (BIS), a parameter derived from the electroencephalograph, has been shown to correlate with increasing sedation and loss of consciousness. This study was designed to investigate whether using BIS would improve anaesthetic drug management and immediate recovery after anaesthesia. METHODS 160 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were studied. The patients were randomised to receive either propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia. In each group 40 patients were anaesthetised with BIS monitoring and 40 without BIS. In BIS groups, propofol and sevoflurane dose was adjusted to achieve a target BIS values between 40-60 during the whole procedure. Drug consumption, intraoperative responses, times of recovery after anaesthesia and a "Clinical Quality Scale of Recovery" score were recorded from blinded observators. RESULTS Demographic data were similar between groups. BIS monitoring improved the immediate recovery after propofol anaesthesia, while no significant differences were observed in patients receiving sevoflurane. The consumption of both propofol and sevoflurane significantly decreased (30 and 40%, respectively). There was no significant differences in the incidence of intraoperative responses between groups. The BIS groups had a higher percentage of patients with better ICU assessments. CONCLUSIONS BIS monitoring decreased the consumption of both propofol and sevoflurane and facilitated the immediate recovery after propofol anaesthesia. Intraoperative course was not changed. These findings indicate that the use of BIS may be a valuable guide of the intraoperatively administration of propofol and sevoflurane.
Adsorption of Carbon‐14 Dextran to Human Blood Platelets and Red Blood Cells, in Vitro *

A carboxy‐labeled dextran fraction was incubated with human whole blood. The platelets and erythrocytes were separated by differential centrifugation and washed 6 times with compatible human plasma containing non labeled dextran. After the cells were oxidized by wet combustion, the CO2 was collected in an ionization chamber and the activity was determined with a Vibrating Reed Electrometer. It was found that 2.4 to 15.0 times 103 dextran molecules were associated with each cell. This indicates that much more than interstitial dextran remains with the cells.
Through Silicon Capacitors (TSC) for noise reduction in Power Distribution Network

Inspired from Through Silicon Vias (TSVs), Through Silicon Capacitors (TSCs) are newly developed and integrated throughout silicon interposers. Thanks to the use of the third dimension in the silicon interposer, TSC technology allows to obtain high capacitance density, up to 56 nF/mm2. This paper deals with a demonstrator to investigate the impact of large matrices of TSCs (13×13 TSCs) on the electrical performance of Power Distribution Networks (PDN). First, the frequency response of TSCs matrix is modeled from DC to 10 GHz. Next, extracted spice models are used to simulate the PDN impedance of a typical processor circuit. Finally a transient analysis is performed to evaluate the performance of the PDN in the time domain. TSCs allow to reduce considerably voltage ripples on the PDN and one obtained less than 10% of voltage ripples for a total capacitance of 1.4 μF.