Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From alienation to familiarity: experiences of mothers and fathers of preterm infants.

BACKGROUND The birth of a preterm infant has a long-term impact on both parents. Mothers report more stress and poor adjustment compared with fathers. Influencing factors, such as family situation and health status of the child, can support or weaken the coping ability of the parents. Studies on experiences of fathers are sparse. AIM The aim of this research was to study how mothers and fathers of preterm infants describe their experiences of parenthood during the infant's first 18 months of life. METHODS Seven consecutively selected sets of parents of preterm infants born at </=34 weeks of gestation with no serious congenital defects were interviewed 1-2 weeks after the infant's birth and at 2, 6 and 18 months of age, and the findings were analysed using a phenomenological method. FINDINGS Internalization of parenthood was described as a time-dependent process, with four syntheses of experiences - alienation, responsibility, confidence and familiarity. Within the syntheses, similarities in how mothers and fathers described their parental roles involved concern for the child, insecurity, adjustment and relationship with the child. Regarding differences, mothers experienced having more responsibility and control of the care and a need to be confirmed as a mother, while fathers described confidence in leaving the care to the staff and wanted to find a balance between work and family life. Important turning points in parenthood experiences often occurred when the infant could be removed from the incubator, discharged from the ward, and when the infant looked normal compared to full-term infants. CONCLUSIONS The structure of the phenomenon of parenthood was formed by the integration of the syntheses of alienation, responsibility, confidence and familiarity. The structure seems to be based on the parents' expectations of the parental role, the infant's health condition and the health care environment. These interacting factors are influenced by cultural beliefs.
A review of eleven cases of tuberculosis presenting as sternal wound abscess after open heart surgery

Abstract Background: Sternal wound infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an uncommon yet highly challenging disease that can be quite insidious with various presentations. We hereby provide a review of 10 cases in current literature and describe an additional case which illustrates the difficulties associated with diagnosis. Methods: We used PubMed and Google search engine to search the literature for all published papers reporting on cases of sternal M. tuberculosis infections post open-heart surgeries. Results: A total of 11 cases were presented, including a case of our own. The majority were males and were exposed to endemic areas. The average age was 59.6 ± 15.5 years. Coronary artery bypass surgery accounted for 73% of procedures and the average time to symptoms onset was 12.2 ± 16.6 months. Diabetes was the most reported non-cardiac comorbidity. Presenting symptoms varied and only 5 patients had other organs involved. Blood tests and radiographic studies were neither sensitive nor specific. M. tuberculosis culture on debrided tissues was the most sensitive test but often forgotten initially. Diagnostic delay was seen in almost all cases, often leading to unnecessary courses of antibiotics and aggressive surgical interventions. Finally, all patients responded well to anti-tuberculosis treatment, with reported treatment duration ranging from 9 to 12 months. Conclusion: M. tuberculosis infection of the sternum should be suspected in late-onset sternal wound infections post open-heart surgery especially when the course is chronic and indolent.
Comparative studies of the protein composition of red blood cell membranes from eight mammalian species

The polypeptide pattern of red blood cell (RBC) membranes from cow, sheep, horse, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse, analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was compared to human RBC counterpart. Some qualitative and quantitative differences were noted. Among the high molecular weight components the bands 2.1‐ 2.3 appeared slightly decreased in rabbit and rat and increased in sheep RBC membranes. Band 3 appeared to have a higher molecular weight in the cow, guinea pig and mouse RBCs, and a lower molecular weight in the sheep RBCs. Band 4.1 from the RBC membranes of cow, sheep, rabbit and guinea pig was splitted into two sub‐bands, while band 4.2 overlapped with band 4.1 in horse and guinea pig RBC membranes. There are marked differences in the number and position of bands in the 4.5 region, while band 4.9 is present in higher amounts in horse, rabbit and guinea pig RBC membranes. Band 6 (glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) was undetectable in horse, rat and mouse RBC membranes and was decreased in sheep, rabbit and guinea pig. There are also major differences in the region of band 7 and below (“post‐7”). Band 8 was undetectable in horse, cow and guinea pig, and was in higher amounts in rat. A band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 22 kD in the “post‐8” region was present only in guinea pig RBC membranes.
Domains of differential cell proliferation suggest hinged folding in avian gut endoderm

A profile of proliferative growth assessed with tritium autoradiograms from White Leghorn embryo stages Hamburger–Hamilton 6–21 labeled in ovo presents evidence of hinged folding driven by localized differential cell proliferation in endoderm. There is a significant, bilateral pattern, and differences are most pronounced in axial levels that are folding and rotating. Highest proliferation is in cells producing folds; lowest proliferation is in median cells. Localized changes in cell shape are lacking, as are TUNEL markers and cell morphology that would suggest involvement of apoptosis. Folding endoderm to form gut tube appears to be a process that is driven by domains of high cell proliferation flanking a domain of significantly lower proliferation. When considered in the context of an epithelium attached to subjacent mesoderm, these differentials could produce a forced and directed buckling of endoderm into lateral folds that join and enclose a tube. Patterns suggest that endoderm folds about a median hinge. In the light of this new information, we suggest it is more precise to refine the term, median hinge point (MHP), to neural hinge point (NHP) and gut hinge point (GHP). Dev Dyn 1999;216:398–410. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors Determining Specificity of Signal Transduction by G-protein-coupled Receptors

Among subfamilies of G-protein-coupled receptors, agonists initiate several cell signaling events depending on the receptor subtype (R) and the type of G-protein (G) or effector molecule (E) expressed in a particular cell. Determinants of signaling specificity/efficiency may operate at the R-G interface, where events are influenced by cell architecture or accessory proteins found in the receptor's microenvironment. This issue was addressed by characterizing signal transfer from R to G following stable expression of the α2A/D adrenergic receptor in two different membrane environments (NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and the pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12). Receptor coupling to endogenous G-proteins in both cell types was eliminated by pertussis toxin pretreatment and R-G signal transfer restored by reconstitution of cell membranes with purified brain G-protein. Thus, the receptor has access to the same population of G-proteins in the two different environments. In this signal restoration assay, agonist-induced activation of G was 3-9-fold greater in PC-12 as compared with NIH-3T3 α2-adrenergic receptor transfectants. The cell-specific differences in signal transfer were observed over a range of receptor densities or G-protein concentration. The augmented signal transfer in PC-12 versus NIH-3T3 transfectants occurred despite a 2-3-fold lower level of receptors existing in the R-G-coupled state (high affinity, guanyl-5′-yl imidodiphosphate-sensitive agonist binding), suggesting the existence of other membrane factors that influence the nucleotide binding behavior of G-protein in the two cell types. Detergent extraction of PC-12 but not NIH-3T3 membranes yielded a heat-sensitive, macromolecular entity that increased 35S-labeled guanosine 5′-O-(thiotriphosphate) binding to brain G-protein in a concentration-dependent manner. These data indicate that the transfer of signal from R to G is regulated by a cell type-specific, membrane-associated protein that enhances the agonist-induced activation of G.
Elements of algebraic topology

Elements of Algebraic Topology provides the most concrete approach to the subject. With coverage of homology and cohomology theory, universal coefficient theorems, Kunneth theorem, duality in manifolds, and applications to classical theorems of point-set topology, this book is perfect for comunicating complex topics and the fun nature of algebraic topology for beginners.
Dietary Lipophilic Antioxidants: Implications and Significance in the Aging Process

Longevity can be explained by the free radical theory of aging, and caloric restriction (CR) studies showed that CR-induced lifespan extension is associated with the prevention of a decrease in oxidative stress. Non-enzymatic lipophilic antioxidants may play a pivotal role in our aging process, and are reflected in our dietary lifestyle and dietary supplementation. Their significance lies in their general good absorption and slow excretion within our body. Although difficulties exist with human aging studies due to the nature of our longevity in comparison with other species, findings have implied a relationship between non-enzymatic antioxidants and longevity. Common non-enzymatic antioxidants found in our dietary intake include vitamin A and E supplementation, flavanoids (major source includes tea, one of our main fluid intake), resveratrol (its protective role in cardiovascular disease and aging having stemmed from the “French Paradox”), as well as coenzyme Q10 supplementation. The review discusses current findings and their implication in the aging process. This review concludes by asserting that although none of these antioxidants has yet provided clear-cut evidence toward longevity and the aging process, they have certainly demonstrated other potential health benefits.
Restauración y reconstrucción bayesianas de imágenes usando descomposiciones multibanda

En esta tesis doctoral se abordan dos problemas de gran relevancia dentro del area del Procesamiento de Imagenes Digitales: la restauracion de imagenes y la reconstruccion de imagenes de alta resolucion a partir de varias imagenes de baja resolucion. Ambos problemas se han formulado bajo una perspectiva multicanal y siguiendo el paradigma jerarquico bayesiano para abordar su solucion. Este enfoque multicanal se basa en la herramienta de la descomposicion subbanda de imagenes, mediante la que se pueden definir modelos multicanal a partir de otros monocanal y formular convenientemente problemas multicanal. Las propiedades de las matrices empleadas para realizar esta descomposicion multicanal nos permiten, ademas, realizar implementaciones eficientes de los algoritmos desarrollados mediante operaciones rapidas en el dominio de las frecuencias. En el problema de la restaruacion de imagenes, se estudian los enfoques surgeridos anteriormente en los que se propone el uso de modelos de imagen basados en distribuciones guassianas generalizadas y se aporta un algoritmo de restauracion multicanal con estimulacion simultanea de los parametros. Dentro de este mismo problema, otra de las aportaciones es la definicion de un nuevo modelo de imagen multicanal basado en la descomposicion de modelos autorrregresivos, desarrollando algoritmos de restauracion en los que se realiza la estimacion simultanea de los parametros y la imagen basandonos en el paradigma jerarquico bayesiano. Se aborda tambien el problema de la reconstruccion de imagenes de alta resolucion a partir de observaciones de baja resolucion con multisensores. Se analiza la estimacion de los parametros desconocidos, para lo que se deriva un algoritmo iterativo para calcular su estimacion por maxima verosimilitud de forma simultanea a la reconstruccion de la imagen de alta resolucion. Se observa que se pueden emplear las mismas herramientas que e
The Influence of Varying Precompaction and Main Compaction Profile Parameters on the Mechanical Strength of Compacts

The purpose of this work was to investigate how altering the method of force application could be beneficial to tablet production in order to increase tablet strength and eliminate or minimize the incidence of capping and lamination. An integrated compaction research system (i.e., compaction simulator) was used throughout this study. Compaction profiles containing a single compaction event and a double (pre- and main) compaction event were created. The ratio and magnitude of the pre- and main compaction pressures were varied and the time interval between the pre- and main compaction events was altered to determine the effects on the crushing strengths and capping tendency of the final compacts. In all cases, for a given pressure, the double compaction event produced stronger tablets than the single compaction event. When the ratio and magnitude of the pre- and main compaction pressures were varied, the results differed depending on the material undergoing compaction. Dicalcium phosphate/microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch tablets had no significant difference in crushing strength values regardless of whether the precompaction pressure was less than or greater than the main compaction pressure. However, both direct compression (DC) acetaminophen and DC ibuprofen were found to have increased crushing strengths and decreased capping/lamination when the precompaction pressure was less than the main compaction pressure. When the time interval between the pre- and main compaction events was varied from 30 to 500 msec, no significant difference in the crushing strength or capping/lamination tendency was observed. It was concluded that the effect of altering the ratio and magnitude of the pre- and main compaction pressures varied from one material to another, suggesting that the profiles should be tailored individually for the specific material undergoing compaction.
Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation

Intraspecific variation is a major component of biodiversity, yet it has received relatively little attention from governmental and nongovernmental organizations, especially with regard to conservation plans and the management of wild species. This omission is ill‐advised because phenotypic and genetic variations within and among populations can have dramatic effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, including responses to environmental change, the maintenance of species diversity, and ecological stability and resilience. At the same time, environmental changes associated with many human activities, such as land use and climate change, have dramatic and often negative impacts on intraspecific variation. We argue for the need for local, regional, and global programs to monitor intraspecific genetic variation. We suggest that such monitoring should include two main strategies: (i) intensive monitoring of multiple types of genetic variation in selected species and (ii) broad‐brush modeling for representative species for predicting changes in variation as a function of changes in population size and range extent. Overall, we call for collaborative efforts to initiate the urgently needed monitoring of intraspecific variation.
Trypanosoma cruzi Prolyl Oligopeptidase Tc80 Is Involved in Nonphagocytic Mammalian Cell Invasion by Trypomastigotes*

Trypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite able to invade a wide variety of mammalian cells. To have access to the target organs/cells, the parasite must cross the basal laminae and the extracellular matrix (ECM). We previously characterized an 80-kDa proteinase (Tc80) secreted by the infective trypomastigotes that hydrolyzes native collagens and might be involved in infection by degrading ECM components. Here, we present evidence indicating a role for Tc80 in the invasion of nonphagocytic cells. Tc80 was classified as a member of the prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) family of serine proteases and was also found to hydrolyze fibronectin. Selective inhibitors for POP Tc80 were synthesized that blocked parasite entry into cells. Blockage occurred when trypomastigotes were preincubated with irreversible inhibitors but not after host cell preincubation, and the blockage correlated with inhibition of POP Tc80 activity in treated parasites. These data and the enzyme location inside a vesicular compartment close to the flagellar pocket, a specialized domain in endocytosis/exocytosis, strongly suggest a role for POP Tc80 in the maturation of parasite protein(s) and/or, after secretion, in a local action on parasite or host cell/ECM components required for invasion.
Taxonomic ambiguities: a case history.

Rhodospirillum centenum is a remarkable non-sulfur purple photosynthetic bacterium isolated in our laboratory in 1987. The first published description of the organism (Favinger et al., 1989) detailed an assortment of characterisics that placed it in the genus Rhodospirillum (morphology, in vivo absorbancy spectrum of photopigments, general physiology, nutritional requirements). We named the organism Rhodospirillum centenum in recognition of the fact that it was discovered on the 100th anniversary of the isolation of the first pure culture of an anoxyphototroph, Rhodospirillum rubrum. The latter became an important experimental organism whose study revealed many of the basic aspects of anoxygenic photosynthesis, including the discovery of photophosphorylation. Soon after isolation of the original type strain of Rhodospirillum centenum, it was deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC 43720 (non-phototactic variant) ; a phototactic variant was later deposited as ATCC 51521.
Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Memory for Emotional Words in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression.

BACKGROUND Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and late-life depression (LLD) are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is also true for aMCI with concomitant depressive symptoms (aMCI/D+), but few studies have investigated this syndrome. OBJECTIVES We aimed to clarify the association between cognitive and depressive symptoms in individuals at risk for AD by examining episodic memory for emotional stimuli in aMCI, aMCI/D+, and LLD. METHODS Participants were 34 patients with aMCI, 20 patients with aMCI/D+, 19 patients with LLD, and 28 healthy elderly adults. In an implicit encoding task, participants rated the emotional valence of 12 positive, 12 negative, and 12 neutral words. Immediately and 20 minutes later, participants recalled as many words as possible. They were also asked to identify previously presented words during a yes/no recognition trial. RESULTS At immediate recall, aMCI participants displayed better recall of emotional words, particularly positive words. aMCI/D+ and control participants displayed better recall of positive and negative words compared to neutral words. LLD participants recalled more negative than neutral words. At delayed recall, emotional words were generally better-remembered than neutral words by all groups. At recognition, all subjects responded more liberally to emotional than to neutral words. CONCLUSION We find that the type of emotional information remembered by aMCI patients at immediate recall depends on the presence or absence of depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to identifying sources of heterogeneity in individuals at risk for AD, and suggest that the cognitive profile of aMCI/D+ is different from that of aMCI and LLD. Future studies should systematically consider the presence of depressive symptoms in elderly at-risk individuals.
Maxwell Finland Lecture. Random gleanings from a life with the pneumococcus.

The man we honor annually with this lecture has had one of the most distinguished careers in the contemporary history of infectious diseases. Recognized throughout the world for his manifold contributions, Maxwell Finland has dealt, at one time or another, with a significant proportion of the varied problems encompassed by this area of medicine. I am privileged this evening to touch upon one of those areas to which he has made multiple contributions, that of pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal pneumonia was a major preoccupation of Maxwell Finland during the 1920s and 1930s; and, in my own endeavors, I have had frequent occasion to draw upon his numerous publications for guidance. Although it was not my good fortune
Grounding LD Definitions and Practices in Systems of Educational Thought

Any definition of learning disabilities (LD), if it is to be relevant to the needs of teachers, must address fundamental educational concerns, including implications for intervention. In addition, a useful definition must be embedded in a system of educational thought. Such a system must be both internally consistent and non-reductionistic. Inconsistency within a system leads to the use of mutually exclusive and contradictory approaches with students, sometimes with the same student. Reductionism leads to the tendency to be anti-theoretical and to view basic issues of educational philosophy as unimportant. Theory is necessary however, in order to evaluate as well as to defend one's practices. The current LD literature is used to provide examples of reductionism. While not advocating that all of us should adhere to the same specific system of thought, we argue that each of us should develop or adopt a system and try to use it consistently. The paper concludes with an example of how one could proceed as we suggest, using the cognitive-field system of thought as a base. The cognitive-field approach is shown to encompass some aspects of other approaches, to be non-reductionistic, and to have considerable potential as a foundation for the education of LD students.
Cluster Based Speed and Effective Feature Extraction for Efficient Search Engine

Giving different Keywords to the Search engine till getting the best results is tedious process. Because we get redundant and irrelevant data. User can sends request and get response to the request. Many things have been occurred between clients and server in the process of searching. Not only user most of them don’t know about the internal process of searching records from a large database. Let’s see how an internal process of searching taken place. Feature selection identifies a subset of the most useful features that produces compatible results as the original entire set of features. Feature selection concerns both efficiency and effectiveness. Many problems have been occurs during text classification that are handled by FAST Algorithm. The FAST algorithm works in two steps. In the first step, features are divided into clusters by using graph-theoretic clustering methods. In the second step, the most representative feature that is strongly related to target classes is selected from each cluster to form a subset of features. Features in different clusters are relatively independent; the clustering-based strategy of FAST has a high probability of producing a subset of most useful and independent features.