Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circuit Design of DRAM for Mobile Generation

In recent few years, low-power electronics has been a leading drive for technology developments nourished by rapidly growing market share. Mobile DRAM, as a fundamental block of hand-held devices, is now becoming a product developed by limitless competition. To support application specific mobile features, various new power-reduction schemes have been proposed and adopted by standardization. Tightened power budget in battery-operated systems makes conventional schemes not acceptable and increases difficulty of the circuit design. The mobile DRAM has successfully moved down to 1.5V era, and now it is about to move to 1.2V. Further voltage scaling, however, presents critical problems which must be overcome. This paper reviews critical issues in mobile DRAM design and various circuit schemes to solve the problems. Focused on analog circuits, bitline sensing, IO line sensing, refresh-related schemes, DC bias generation, and schemes for higher data rate are covered.
On reviewing the limitations of graphical password scheme

Authentication means it ensures that only individua ls with verified identities can log on to the system of access system resources. The most widespread authentication system used in all commer cial applications is alphanumerical usernames and p asswords. In Textual Password Scheme, user’s passwords are often guessed very eas ily by means of imposing various attacks. On the ot her hand, if a password is hard to guess, then it is often hard to remember. To address this problem, graphical password authentication schemes were developed. Many applications are developed using graphical password scheme where the images are generally used which can be remembered or recognized by the authenticated users than text. In this paper we had discussed the overviews and limitations of each method and point out the future related research directions and this review will be particularly useful for res earchers in this area.
Objective image quality measure for block-based DCT coding

Block-based discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding has been widely adopted in image/video compression standards, such as JPEG and MPEG. Such coding will produce a noticeable artifact known as the blocking effect at very low bit rate applications. In the literature, there have been various postprocessing methods proposed to reduce the blocking effect. However, there is no suitable objective criterion evaluating the effectiveness of these various methods. This paper presents a new objective measure evaluating the postprocessing methods. The proposed measure also provides an analytical result on the underlying sources of artifacts.
Pervasive Service Model: Using OWL-S to extend Service Model in OSGi Service Platform

This paper proposes an approach which is using OWL-based Web Service Ontology (OWL-S) to extend the original service model in the framework of Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi) as a new model called Pervasive Service Model (PSM). This approach can help service providers to develop integrated services by negotiating with various home services. It also allows user to execute and schedule daily tasks by using or combining existed home appliances and services. Except the system default scenarios, user now can develop and modify user-defined scenarios based on needs. What PSM will achieve is such a human-centric, flexible and integrated rich services environment applying to home.
OFDM Transmission Technique to Minimize PAPR

Multi-carrier phenomenon Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is considered to be one of the most significant developments in wireless communication. It is now becoming somewhat a critical important standard. However, high Peak Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is a key issue in OFDM systems. It resulted the lowering of power efficiency. Conventionally OFDM can be implemented using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) technique that usually adopts modulation either Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). In the study, OFDM systems employing DFT, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) had been investigated by means of computer simulation. The main aim is to assess the enactment of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and PAPR in OFDM system. The performance of the system was assessed in the occurrence of Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) as well as incorporating multipath fading as the channel impairments. The acquired preliminary findings show that the DWT technique outperforms DFT and DCT. It is therefore deemed that DWT based OFDM has the potential to significantly reduce PAPR.
Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data.

This is the first comprehensive, yet clearly presented, account of statistical methods for analysing spherical data. The analysis of data, in the form of directions in space or of positions of points on a spherical surface, is required in many contexts in the earth sciences, astrophysics and other fields, yet the methodology required is disseminated throughout the literature. Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data aims to present a unified and up-to-date account of these methods for practical use. The emphasis is on applications rather than theory, with the statistical methods being illustrated throughout the book by data examples.
Building high dimensional imaging database for content based image search

In medical imaging informatics, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques are employed to aid radiologists in the retrieval of images with similar image contents. CBIR uses visual contents, normally called as image features, to search images from large scale image databases according to users’ requests in the form of a query image. However, most of current CBIR systems require a distance computation of image character feature vectors to perform query, and the distance computations can be time consuming when the number of image character features grows large, and thus this limits the usability of the systems. In this presentation, we propose a novel framework which uses a high dimensional database to index the image character features to improve the accuracy and retrieval speed of a CBIR in integrated RIS/PACS.
Usabilidade em tecnologia assistiva: estudo de caso num sistema de comunicacao alternativa para crianças com autismo Usability in assistive technology: a case study of an alternative communication system for children with autism

A pesquisa relatada neste artigo contemplou avaliacoes de usabilidade sobre um sistema de Comunicacao Alternativa (CA) voltado para as necessidades de criancas com a Sindrome do Autismo. O processo de construcao do Sistema de Comunicacao Alternativa para o Letramento de pessoas com Autismo (SCALA) desdobrou-se em diferentes etapas, abrangendo desde a sua idealizacao ate a sua avaliacao efetivada com potenciais usuarios da ferramenta. Neste artigo, primeiramente sao apresentados os requisitos do sistema, sua modelagem e suas propostas de interface. Apos, relata-se como se deu a verificacao sobre a usabilidade do sistema, seguindo as heuristicas definidas por Nielsen e adaptadas por Rauber, a partir dos metodos de avaliacao Inspecao e Teste de usabilidade. No metodo de inspecao uma das autoras realizou um conjunto de dez tarefas, previamente estabelecidas, a serem realizadas com o sistema. Nos testes de usabilidade, as mesmas tarefas foram realizadas por quatro educadoras especiais atuantes em salas de recursos, com criancas com deficits de oralidade. Os resultados das avaliacoes realizadas com potenciais usuarios da ferramenta apontaram para um conjunto de melhorias a serem realizadas para a implementacao da proxima versao do sistema. No momento, a versao 2.0 do SCALA ja esta em fase de finalizacao e logo devera ser disponibilizada gratuitamente no site do projeto. Abstract The research reported in this paper included usability evaluations on a system of Alternative Communication (CA) focused on the needs of children with Autism Syndrome. The process of building system Alternative Communication Literacy for people with Autism (SCALA) was divided into different stages, ranging from its idealization to evaluation carried out with potential users of the tool. In this article, we present the first resquisitos system, its modeling and its proposed interface. After it is reported how was checking on the usability of the system, following the heuristics defined by Nielsen and adapted by Rauber, from assessment methods Inspection and Testing of usability. Inspection method in one of the authors conducted a set of ten tasks, previously established, to be performed with the system. In usability testing, the same tasks were performed by four special educators working in resource rooms, children with oral language deficits. The results of the evaluations with potential users of the tool pointed to a series of improvements are made to the implementation of the next version of the system. At the time, the 2.0 version of SCALA is already being finalized and will soon be available for free on the project site.
Design and Simulation of Single Electron Tunneling Circuits for Brownian Motion Based Logic and Arithmetic Computation

In this thesis, the implementations of Single Electron Tunneling (SET) circuits for Brownian Motion Based Logic and Arithmetic Computation were investigated. Random fluctuations and noise are major factors interfering with the operation of nanometer scale electronic devices and circuits, as the feature size decreases. In SET technology, one of these interfering effects, namely quantum tunneling, is actually utilized for computations by controlling the transport of individual electrons. However, at the single electron level, random fluctuations are largely unavoidable. In previous research, Brownian Motion based building blocks were proposed which take advantage of random fluctuations to function. i.e, Conservative Join (CJoin)and Hub. However, the SET design of the CJoin had two major limitations when taking industrial implementation into account. Firstly, it had long diagonal wires that appear on the design literally. Secondly, the circuit parameters of the tunnel junction capacitances fell short of the industrial standard. In this research we present a new design for the Cjoin, i.e, the Redesigned CJoin. In the Redesigned CJoin the long diagonal wires that cause routing problem are eliminated and additionally the circuit parameters are industrially realizable, while meeting the same functionality. Secondly, we construct networks of the Redesigned CJoin design and the Hub and show that the two blocks can be used to build computational units. We investigate networks of two Hubs and one redesign CJoin, three Hubs and two redesign CJoin and network of four Hubs and four redesign CJoin. Third, we propose logic and arithmetic computation with 2-by-2 CJoin Brownian circuit Network. We investigate the logic and arithmetic computation with 2-by-2 CJoin based NAND-gate, NOR-gate and Half-Adder. Finally, we utilized a buffering scheme from previous research to improve the functionality robustness of the Half-Adder. We also investigate static buffer with circuit parameters at 1K. We investigate a static Buffered 2-by-2 CJoin based Half-Adder. All designs in this thesis are verified through simulations. This thesis establishes a concrete design platform for complex Brownian motion Based logic and arithmetic computation.
MODELLING MUSIC WITH GRAMMARS: FORMAL LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION IN THE BOL PROCESSOR

Improvisation in North Indian tabla drumming is similar to speech insofar as it is bound to an underlying system of rules determining correct sequences. The parallel is further reinforced by the fact that tabla music may be represented with an oral notation system used for its transmission and, occasionally, performance. Yet the rules are implicit and available only through the musicians' ability to play correct sequences and recognise incorrect ones. A linguistic model of tabla improvisation and evaluation derived from pattern languages and formal grammars has been implemented in the Bol Processor, a software system used in interactive fieldwork with expert musicians. The paper demonstrates the ability of the model to handle complex structures by taking real examples from the repertoire. It also questions the relevance of attempting to model irregularities encountered in actual performance.
Features of Russian affricate production by Native English speakers

Along with the sounds that are characterized by stable articulation, the languages of the world have complex sounds in the production of which speech organs gradually change their position from the one that is peculiar to the production of the initial element to the position peculiar to the next element or elements. Phonemic interpretation of affricates is one of the most difficult phonological issues that goes back to the general problem of dividing the flow of speech into the minimum elements. To speak a foreign language, the pronunciation is as important as the development of vocabulary, grammar, etc. Native English speakers often assess Russian as a very difficult language to learn. Does that mean that the acquisition of Russian affricates will be complex for Native English speakers? The analysis of the data indicates the tendency to replace Russian affricates by Native English speakers.
Broadband over power lines

Over the past few years advances in signal processing technology have enabled the advent of modem chips that are able to overcome the transmission difficulties associated with sending communications signals over electrical power lines. In the United States, this capability has been termed “Broadband over Power Lines” or BPL. There are two predominant types of BPL communications configurations: Access BPL and In-Home BPL. Access BPL is comprised of injectors (used to inject High Frequency (HF) signals onto medium or low voltage power lines), extractors (used to retrieve these signals) and repeaters (used to regenerate signals to prevent attenuation losses). In addition to taking advantage of the power line infrastructure, In-Home BPL modems utilize the existing house wiring to provision a Local Area Network (LAN) that can be used throughout the home. One of the largest commercial markets for BPL is the ability to provide Internet Services by means of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocols, which can support voice, data, and video services. Another significant benefit from BPL is the ability to employ “intelligent” power line networks that make use of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) devices, dynamic provisioning, and other forms of modernized electrical power networks. A SCADA system can save time and money by reducing the need for service personnel to physically visit each site for inspection, data collection, and routine logging or even to make adjustments. The benefits also include the ability for real-time monitoring, system modifications, troubleshooting, increased equipment life, and automatic report generating. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) monitors approximately 59,000 frequencies for military, National Security & Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP), and other purposes. A key concern associated with the BPL is that coupling of HF signals onto unshielded wiring, such as that used for outdoor power lines, may generate interference signals that could impact licensed services such as amateur radio, or “hams”. Public safety agencies including fire, police, the Red Cross and other agencies also depend on the use of the special propagation properties found only in the HF radio spectrum. This Technical Information Bulletin (TIB) examines the architecture and considers possible benefits and concerns of BPL technology with respect to the National Communications System (NCS) and the communication requirements for NS/EP.
The NAIST Dependency Parser for SANCL2012 Shared Task

This paper presents the NAIST dependency parser for the SANCL2012 “Parsing the Web” Shared Task. Our base system is an in-house shift-reduce parser. In order to robustly adapt the parser to heterogeneous web data, we enhanced it with (1) dependency-based clusters and (2) consensus labels from unlabeled corpora. We found that these two enhancements gave small but promising improvements of 0.2-0.3 unlabeled attachment score (UAS).
Design and analysis of a brain-computer interface-based robotic rehabilitation system

In this thesis, we have investigated the effect of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) which enable direct communication between a brain and a computer, to increase the patient's active involvement to his/her task in the robotic rehabilitation therapy. We have designed several experimental paradigms using electroencephalography (EEG) based BCIs which can be used to extract information about arm movement imagery in the context of robotic rehabilitation experiments. In particular, we propose a protocol that extracts and uses information about the level of intention of the subject to control the robot continuously throughout a rehabilitation experiment. In this context we have developed and implemented EEG signal processing, learning and classiffication algorithms for o ine and online decision-making. We have used di erent types of controlling methods over the robotic system and examined the potential impact of BCI on rehabilitation, the effect of robotic haptic feedback on BCI, and information contained in EEG about the rehabilitation process. Our results verify that the use of haptic feedback through robotic movement improves BCI performance. We also observe that using BCI continuously in the experiment rather than only to trigger robotic movement may be preferable. Finally, our results indicate stronger motor imagery activity in BCI-based experiments over conventional experiments in which movement is performed by the robot without the subject's involvement.
A new model of global parallel genetic algorithm

The authors describe a multithreaded parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) implementation. Considering the basic models of parallel genetic algorithms, we identify a variant of global PGA (GPGA) as the most appropriate one for use on a multiprocessor system with few processors. The difference between the synchronous and asynchronous model is analyzed and their characteristics are evaluated. Unlike some authors, we choose not to allow a single individual to be engaged in a tournament competition in more than one instance (no duplicates). The probability of selection for elimination of an individual is than determined based on the fitness of the chromosome and compared with the same probability of the duplicate-allowing algorithm. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the GPGA as well as performance comparison with sequential GA are stated.
Behavioural investigations into uncertainty perception in service exchanges: Lessons from dual-processing theory

: Uncertainty perception is a core issue as it determines decision making and behaviour. Different organisations can perceive uncertainty differently based on contingencies in their environment and their capabilities. Uncertainty perception is also an individual characteristic as it is influenced by experience and knowledge. Based on dual-processing theory, this paper proposes an analysis method for assessing both explicit and implicit uncertainty perception depending on the individual’s use of tacit or explicit knowledge. Analysing two industrial case studies of service relationships, this paper investigates the perceptions of three uncertainty types: environmental, relational and organisational uncertainty. The findings suggest that implicit uncertainty perception is prevalent and that uncertainty types are interrelated meaning that one uncertainty type can give rise to another one. Thus, this paper contributes to the literature in three major areas: First, showing the relative importance of the three uncertainty types in inter-organisational relationships complements the literature as existing approaches tend to focus on one uncertainty type such as environmental uncertainty. Second, the different uncertainty types are interrelated in inter-organisational relationships showing that one company’s perception of one uncertainty type can cause the partner to perceive another uncertainty type. Finally, a novel method for assessing uncertainty perception is demonstrated.
Application Layer Multicast Techniques in Grid Environments Técnicas Multicast a Nivel de Aplicación en Entornos Grid

Resource and service discovery, data transfer or replica management, are some examples of basic operations of a grid which can gain efficiency by using multicast transmission techniques. However, the sparse deployment of IP multicast is the internet today is a major limitation for exploiting this communication paradigm in grid environments. Over the last few years, Application Layer Multicast has emerged as a novel and powerful technique for providing one-to-many and many-to-many data transfer over networks without infrastructure support for IP multicast. In this approach multicast functionality is implemented at the end-host systems instead of network routers, and it is based on the construction of a logical overlay over the underlying network topology. Application layer multicast techniques have been used mainly for real-time multimedia applications (such as Internet telephony, video streaming services, videoconferencing, etc.), and P2P applications (like data delivery and dissemination, etc.). However, the application of these techniques to grid environments has not been deeply analyzed.
TOPOLOGICAL DESIGN OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

: An important aspect of communication network development has been the reduction in cost and the improvement in speed and quality of transmission link . A topological network design problem is solved by selecting the subset of links while minimizing the total cost subject to k connectivity and diameter constraint. Diameter is set to two links only as we want to design a fast network whose speed would be comparable to the complete connected network (having the diameter of one link) at low cost. A fault tolerant network is able to maintain connectivity under the failure condition only if there are multiple links disjoint paths for each node pair. Designing is a well-known optimization problem and difficult to solve. For N number of nodes, maximum numbers of links are n*(n-1)/2, and the maximum number of topological configurations of n nodes are 2 n*(n-1).
Technical Report 2011-001 Pumping Visibly Pushdown Languages

Visibly pushdown languages are a subclass of context-free languages and are particularly well suited for specification and verification of application sof tware. We find that, in addition to the pumping theorem inherited from context-free languages, visibly pushdown languages have some specific pumping properties. These properties have consequ ences in the recursive constructs of a process algebra based on visibly pushdown languages.