Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rates off food poisoning in Australia

proportion of gastrointestinal disease attributable to foodborne transmission and the degree of under-reporting. Here, we offer a re-evaluation of the ANZFA estimates in the light of the CDC assumptions. Australian National Centre for Disease Control data (see Table) show an annual mean of approximately 22000 notified cases of gastroenteritis in Australia for 1995 to 1999, inclusive. ANZFA assumes all cases of gastroenteritis are of foodborne origin (which is clearly not the case), while the CDC assumes different rates of foodborne transmission for different pathogens. Applying the CDC rates for food borne transmission reduces the estimated number of foodborne gastroenteritis cases to 16525 (Table). While ANZFA assumes a multiplier of 100 in accounting for under-reporting of foodborne illness, CDC again use different mutipliers depending on the pathogen, ranging between twofold (for Listeria and S. typht) and 38-fold for organisms causing non-bloody diarrhoea (Salmonella, Campylobacter and ~rsinia). Applying the CDC multipliers to the Australian data decreases the ANZFA estimate of 2.3 million cases to 617426 cases (Table). Finally, ANZFA and CDC assume different contributions to overall levels of foodborne disease from non-notifiable bacterial (eg, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Vibrio and Bacillus) and viral disease (eg, Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Norwalk virus). The ANZFA assumption is 30%-40%,3 while the CDC assumption is 72%. Thus, from ANZFA estimates (see Table), the To THE EDITOR: The Australia and New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA) has estimated the incidence offoodborne disease in Australia as 4.2 million cases annually. This, which works out at 220 cases per 1000 population, shows a higher level in Australia than in countries with similar food systems, such as the United States (175 cases/1000), New Zealand and the United Kingdom (190 cases/l Ouu);! Recently, the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC)2 quantified foodborne disease in the USA. Several of the assumptions they used in doing so were different from John L Sumner," Tom A McMeekln,t Tom Ross*
Maggot learning and Synapsin function

Summary Drosophila larvae are focused on feeding and have few neurons. Within these bounds, however, there still are behavioural degrees of freedom. This review is devoted to what these elements of flexibility are, and how they come about. Regarding odour–food associative learning, the emerging working hypothesis is that when a mushroom body neuron is activated as a part of an odour-specific set of mushroom body neurons, and coincidently receives a reinforcement signal carried by aminergic neurons, the AC-cAMP-PKA cascade is triggered. One substrate of this cascade is Synapsin, and therefore this review features a general and comparative discussion of Synapsin function. Phosphorylation of Synapsin ensures an alteration of synaptic strength between this mushroom body neuron and its target neuron(s). If the trained odour is encountered again, the pattern of mushroom body neurons coding this odour is activated, such that their modified output now allows conditioned behaviour. However, such an activated memory trace does not automatically cause conditioned behaviour. Rather, in a process that remains off-line from behaviour, the larvae compare the value of the testing situation (based on gustatory input) with the value of the odour-activated memory trace (based on mushroom body output). The circuit towards appetitive conditioned behaviour is closed only if the memory trace suggests that tracking down the learned odour will lead to a place better than the current one. It is this expectation of a positive outcome that is the immediate cause of appetitive conditioned behaviour. Such conditioned search for reward corresponds to a view of aversive conditioned behaviour as conditioned escape from punishment, which is enabled only if there is something to escape from – much in the same way as we only search for things that are not there, and run for the emergency exit only when there is an emergency. One may now ask whether beyond ‘value’ additional information about reinforcement is contained in the memory trace, such as information about the kind and intensity of the reinforcer used. The Drosophila larva may allow us to develop satisfyingly detailed accounts of such mnemonic richness – if it exists.
A Scheme for Supporting Fast Handover in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Networks

This Letter proposes a scheme that supports a fast handover effectively in hierarchical mobile IPv6 networks (F‐HMIPv6) by optimizing the associated data and control flows during the handover. By NS‐2 simulation, we show that the proposed scheme can give better handover performance than a simple combination of existing schemes.
Large displays in urban life - from exhibition halls to media facades

Recent trends show an increasing prevalence of large interactive displays in public urban life. For example, museums, libraries, public plazas, or architectural facades take advantage of interactive technologies that present information in a highly visual and interactive way. Studies confirm the potential of large interactive display installations for educating, entertaining, and providing evocative experiences. This workshop will provide a platform for researchers and practitioners from different disciplines to exchange insights on current research questions in the area. The workshop will focus on how to design large interactive display installations that promote engaging experiences that go beyond playful interaction, and how to evaluate their impact. The goal is to cross-fertilize insights from different disciplines, establish a more general understanding of large interactive displays in public urban contexts, and to develop an agenda for future research directions in this area.
Study of a refractive index sensor based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber

A refractive index sensor based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with hexagonal lattice is proposed. The effects of geometrical parameters of the PCF on performances of the sensor are investigated by using the finite element method (FEM). Two fiber cores are separated by two air holes filled with the analyte whose refractive index is in the range of 1.35–1.41. Numerical simulation results show that the highest sensitivity can be up to 32682 nm/RIU(refractive index unit) when the analyte refractive index is 1.41. The lowest sensitivity can reach to 31291 nm/RIU when the analyte refractive index is 1.35. The sensor we proposed has significant advantages in the field of biomolecule detection as it provides a wide-range of detection with high sensitivity.
Mal-ONE: A unified framework for fast and efficient malware detection

With continuous increase rate of malware growth, detecting malware using conventional, signature-based method has failed to detect new or unknown malware. The new proposed framework is able to detect evasive malware and integrate key static and dynamic features to detect malware more accurately and efficiently. Our early experiments, based on 1603 malware samples, showed that the proposed system can analyze malware with the rate of about 144 seconds per binary code analyzed. Mal-One framework exhibits comparable overall time taken to detect and analyze the binary code to determine whether a binary code is malware or benign.
Une approche basée sur des données mixtes - mesures et estimations - pour la détection de défaillances d'un système robotisé

∗LIASD, Université Paris 8, 2 rue de la Liberté 93526 Saint-Denis cedex rabah@ai.univ-paris8.fr, rtaleb@ai.univ-paris8.fr, lynda.seddiki@ai.univ-paris8.fr, herman.akdag@ai.univ-paris8.fr http://www.ai.univ-paris8.fr/ ∗∗CReSTIC EA 3804, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 cyril.de-runz@univ-reims.fr, kevin.guelton@univ-reims.fr http://crestic.univ-reims.fr/
POLYANDRY REDUCES SPERM LENGTH VARIATION IN SOCIAL INSECTS

Postcopulatory sexual selection, either in the form of sperm competition or cryptic female choice, is an important selective force that is thought to have generated the enormous variation in sperm morphology observed interspecifically. However, the evolutionary significance of intraspecific variation in sperm morphology, and the role that postcopulatory sexual selection plays in influencing this variation, remains poorly investigated in invertebrates. Here, we tested the hypothesis that postcopulatory sexual selection reduces variation in sperm morphology, both between and within males, in 27 species of eusocial ants and bees. These eusocial species offer an unusual opportunity to assess how selection acts on variance in sperm morphology, as haploid males produce clonal, haploid sperm that does not experience haploid–diploid conflict. We provide solid evidence that males of polyandrous ant and bee species indeed produce less–variable sperm, indicating that sperm competition selected for sperm of superior quality. Our results offer a mechanistic explanation for the evolution of high–quality sperm and provide comprehensive evidence that sperm morphology of social insects is influenced by sexual selection.
Inter-Cellular Transport of Ran GTPase

Ran, a member of the Ras-GTPase superfamily, has a well-established role in regulating the transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope (NE). Ran has also been implicated in mitosis, cell cycle progression, and NE formation. Over-expression of Ran is associated with various cancers, although the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Serendipitously, we found that Ran possesses the ability to move from cell-to-cell when transiently expressed in mammalian cells. Moreover, we show that the inter-cellular transport of Ran is GTP-dependent. Importantly, Ran displays a similar distribution pattern in the recipient cells as that in the donor cell and co-localizes with the Ran binding protein Nup358 (also called RanBP2). Interestingly, leptomycin B, an inhibitor of CRM1-mediated export, or siRNA mediated depletion of CRM1, significantly impaired the inter-cellular transport of Ran, suggesting a function for CRM1 in this process. These novel findings indicate a possible role for Ran beyond nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, with potential implications in inter-cellular communication and cancers.
Cep55 regulates embryonic growth and development by promoting Akt stability in zebrafish

CEP55 was initially described as a centrosome‐ and midbody‐associated protein and a key mediator of cytokinesis. More recently, it has been implicated in PI3K/AKT pathway activation via an interaction with the catalytic subunit of PI3K. However, its role in embryonic development is unknown. Here we describe a cep55 nonsense mutant zebrafish with which we can study the in vivo physiologic role of Cep55. Homozygous mutants underwent extensive apoptosis by 24 hours postfertilization (hpf) concomitant with cell cycle defects, and heterozygous carriers were indistinguishable from their wild‐type siblings. A similar phenotype was also observed in zebrafish injected with a cep55 morpholino, suggesting the mutant is a cep55 loss‐of‐function model. Further analysis revealed that Akt was destabilized in the homozygous mutants, which partially phenocopied Akt1 and Akt2 knockdown. Expression of either constitutively activated PIK3CA or AKT1 could partially rescue the homozygous mutants. Consistent with a role for Cep55 in regulation of Akt stability, treatment with proteasome inhibitor, MG132, partially rescued the homozygous mutants. Taken together, these results provide the first description of Cep55 in development and underline the importance of Cep55 in the regulation of Pi3k/Akt pathway and in particular Akt stability. —Jeffery, J., Neyt, C. , Moore, W. , Paterson, S. , Bower, N. I. , Chenevix‐Trench, G. , Verkade, H. , Hogan, B. M. , Khanna, K. K. Cep55 regulates embryonic growth and development by promoting Akt stability in zebrafish. FASEB J. 29, 1999‐2009 (2015). www.fasebj. org
Lessons learned from psychotherapy research.

BACKGROUND In addictions treatment research, there has been a relative paucity of work on mechanisms of action that account for observed treatment effects. In studies that have been done, there is little evidence that the purported active ingredients of behavioral interventions such as cognitive-behavioral treatment or motivational interviewing actually mediate treatment effects. This suggests that new approaches are needed to study the process of change in behavioral treatments for addiction. METHOD This article reviews several approaches that have been taken by psychotherapy researchers to identify mechanisms of change, including studies of critical sessions, change across sessions, and the relative importance of general vs. specific therapeutic factors. RESULTS These approaches all involve careful assessment of both therapist and patient behaviors during treatment sessions and study the relation of these factors to improvements or deteriorations in symptoms over the following weeks. CONCLUSIONS Suggestions are offered for how these methods could be used in addiction treatment research to generate hypotheses regarding mechanisms of change that could subsequently be tested in controlled studies.
Journal of Informetrics

We propose a research program to analyse spatial aspects of the science system. First, we provide a review of scientometric studies that already explicitly take the spatial dimension intoaccount.Thereviewincludesstudieson(i)thespatialdistributionofresearchandcita- tions, (ii) the existence of spatial biases in collaboration, citations and mobility, and (iii) the citation impact of national versus international collaborations. Then, we address a num- ber of methodological issues in dealing with space in scientometrics. Finally, to integrate spatial and non-spatial approaches, we propose an analytical framework based on the con- cept of proximity. A proximity approach allows for combining hypotheses from different theoretical perspectives into a single framework. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
VLSI Logic Test , Validation and Verification Lecture 6 , Sep 2 , 2002 Boolean Function Representation Instructor :

There are many different ways of representing Boolean functions, most popular of them can be classified into tabular forms, logic expressions, and binary decision diagrams. The truth table is the simplest and most prominent of tabular form representations. It is a complete listing of all points in the Boolean space and of the corresponding values of the outputs. While the truth table is a canonical1 form representation, its size is exponential in the number of input variables, and hence its use is restricted to functions of small size. Scalar Boolean functions can also be represented by expressions of literals linked by the + and operators. Common examples of logic expressions are the two-level forms and multiple-level forms of logic expressions. Two-level forms are sum-of-products or product-of-sums of literals and they can be used to represent any Boolean function. Are SOP and POS forms canonical? Multiple-level forms involve arbitrary nesting of Boolean operators using parentheses. Factored forms representation are one example of multiple-level forms. Definition . 1: A factored form is one and only one of the following: A literal. A sum of factored forms. A product of factored forms. While the above representations are quite compact, the computational complexity of checking for elementary properties of the functions (such as containment, satisfaction, tautology, etc.) from such representation is quite high [1] [2]. One representation that can represent a large class of functions succinctly, while simultaneously allowing efficient manipulation of these functions, is the Binary Decision Diagram [3] which is described below.
Persistent Memory Programming Abstractions in Context of Concurrent Applications

The advent of non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies like PCM, STT, memristors and Fe-RAM is believed to enhance the system performance by getting rid of the traditional memory hierarchy by reducing the gap between memory and storage. This memory technology is considered to have the performance like that of DRAM and persistence like that of disks. Thus, it would also provide significant performance benefits for big data applications by allowing in-memory processing of large data with the lowest latency to persistence. Leveraging the performance benefits of this memory-centric computing technology through traditional memory programming is not trivial and the challenges aggravate for parallel/concurrent applications. To this end, several programming abstractions have been proposed like NVthreads, Mnemosyne and intel's NVML. However, deciding upon a programming abstraction which is easier to program and at the same time ensures the consistency and balances various software and architectural trade-offs is openly debatable and active area of research for NVM community. We study the NVthreads, Mnemosyne and NVML libraries by building a concurrent and persistent set and open addressed hash-table data structure application. In this process, we explore and report various tradeoffs and hidden costs involved in building concurrent applications for persistence in terms of achieving efficiency, consistency and ease of programming with these NVM programming abstractions. Eventually, we evaluate the performance of the set and hash-table data structure applications. We observe that NVML is easiest to program with but is least efficient and Mnemosyne is most performance friendly but involves significant programming efforts to build concurrent and persistent applications.
Caractérisation mécanique des orthèses : Application aux ceintures de soutien lombaire dans le cadre de la lombalgie

La lombalgie est une douleur de la region lombaire du rachis. Un des moyens communement utilises pour soulager cette douleur est le port d’ortheses lombaires. Bien que l’efficacite de ces ortheses soit demontree, leur mode d’action reste mal connu. L’objectif de ce projet est d’analyser ce mode d’action dans le cas de ceintures de soutien lombaire.En lien avec des medecins et un industriel, trois approches ont ete mises en œuvre. Premierement, une approche experimentale a permis de determiner les proprietes mecaniques des ceintures de soutien lombaire et d’evaluer la pression appliquee suivant ces proprietes. Secondairement, la pression appliquee par les ceintures a ete mesuree par une approche clinique. Cette pression a ete liee a la diminution de la douleur engendree par les ceintures, au bien-etre ressenti, a la modification de la posture et a la deformation de la ceinture. Troisiemement, une approche numerique a servi a montrer les parametres influents sur le soulagement de la douleur.Un des modes d’action des ceintures de soutien lombaire, mis en evidence dans ce projet, est la pression appliquee sur le tronc qui engendre une variation des pressions abdominale et intradiscale, ainsi qu’une modification de la posture. La pression appliquee depend, entre autres, des caracteristiques mecaniques des ceintures. Les resultats mettent en evidence l’importance de maitriser cette pression appliquee ainsi que la specificite du patient sur les effets mecaniques des ceintures.Les differentes approches sont complementaires ; elles sont des moyens de caracterisation des ortheses qui pourraient etre utilises pour d’autres ortheses et egalement aider au developpement de produits.
Signal-interference RF wide-band bandpass filters using half-mode substrate-integrated-waveguide (HM SIW) directional couplers

A new type of mixed-technology RF bandpass filter integrable with broad-band substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) antennas is presented. It makes use of a half-mode (HM) SIW 3-dB quadrature coupler in a transversal signal-interference scheme with microstrip loading stubs. This bandpass filter, being the first one of this class that utilizes SIW elements, enables to realize passband-widths limited in practice by the operative bandwidth of the HM SIW 3-dB coupler. Electromagnetic-simulation results of two layout-level-designed 14-GHz filters with fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 25% and 50%, along with their ideal synthesized equivalent circuits, are shown for verification.
Differential effects of reduced protein diets on fatty acid composition and gene expression in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Alentejana purebred and Large White × Landrace × Pietrain crossbred pigs

The present study assessed the effect of pig genotype (fatty v. lean) and dietary protein and lysine (Lys) levels (normal v. reduced) on intramuscular fat (IMF) content, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) deposition, fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of genes controlling lipid metabolism. The experiment was conducted on sixty intact male pigs (thirty Alentejana purebred and thirty Large White × Landrace × Pietrain crossbred), from 60 to 93 kg of live weight. Animals were divided into three groups fed with the following diets: control diet equilibrated for Lys (17·5 % crude protein (CP) and 0·7 % Lys), reduced protein diet (RPD) equilibrated for Lys (13·2 % CP and 0·6 % Lys) and RPD not equilibrated for Lys (13·1 % CP and 0·4 % Lys). It was shown that the RPD increased fat deposition in the longissimus lumborum muscle in the lean but not in the fatty pig genotype. It is strongly suggested that the effect of RPD on the longissimus lumborum muscle of crossbred pigs is mediated via Lys restriction. The increase in IMF content under the RPD was accompanied by increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and PPARG mRNA levels. RPD did not alter backfat thickness, but increased the total fatty acid content in both lean and fatty pig genotype. The higher amount of SAT in fatty pigs, when compared with the lean ones, was associated with the higher expression levels of ACACA, CEBPA, FASN and SCD genes. Taken together, the data indicate that the mechanisms regulating fat deposition in pigs are genotype and tissue specific, and are associated with the expression regulation of the key lipogenic genes.
A novel MEMS-based lab-on-a-tube technology and its application

In this paper, we present a novel micro lab-on-a-tube technology, which is a combination of three-dimensional (3D) photolithography, nanoimprint and other processes, in order to directly fabricate micro functional structures and devices on tiny capillaries. The new technology is mainly MEMS-based and several sensor prototypes including micro temperature sensor, micro coils and electrochemical electrodes have been successfully prepared on capillaries with the diameter from 300 μm to 1 mm. The minimum feature sizes have been successfully reduced down to 2 μm and smaller. Experimental characterization of the fabricated prototypes revealed that more interesting applications could be expected through integrating new bio and nanomaterials directly into the novel lab-on-a-tube technology.
Effect of availability and acceptability of lethal instruments on suicide mortality AN ANALYSIS OF SOME INTERNATIONAL DATA

Suicide mortality in the 5 years 1969–73 in 11 countries is examined in relation to the methods used. Some countries have substantially high suicide rates for each method, others have increased mortality for certain specific methods. In this latter group it is suggested that some of the variations in total suicide mortality can be explained by variations in either the availability or the acceptability of certain specific instruments for causing death, particularly domestic gas, firearms and hanging.