Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and descriptive genetic study of polydactyly: a Pakistani experience of 313 cases

Polydactyly, a common hereditary condition with additional digits in hands and/or feet, is a very attractive model to appreciate clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In order to get an insight into its phenotypic manifestations, we ascertained a cohort of 313 independent families with polydactyly from Pakistan; 35% cases turned out to be familial while 65% were sporadic. In majority of the index cases, polydactyly was presented as an isolated digit defect. Preaxial polydactyly types were 48.24% and postaxial were 51.8%. Familial polydactylies mainly had bilateral and symmetrical presentations, whereas sporadic cases were mostly unilateral and less often symmetrical. In the 313 index subjects a total of 508 limbs with additional digits were recorded. Variable expression was evident as the involvement of upper limbs was more common than the lower, right hand than the left, and left foot than the right. The present cohort establishes interesting epidemiological attributes of polydactyly in the Pakistani population and highlights its extraordinary clinical heterogeneity. Molecular analyses of this cohort are anticipated to elucidate novel genetic factors involved in the origin of additional digits in the growing limb and may provide clues to the role of stochastic factors in the etiology of phenotypic variability in polydactyly.
Prefixation and stress in Old English1 In memoriam Richard Hogg (1944–2007)

Some questions not usually answered in the Old English (OE) philological and linguistic canon are: to what extent is the prosodic behavior of OE prefixes attributable to their lexical form vs. the morphosyntactic nature of the bases they attach to, what taxonomy covers the distribution of stressed and unstressed forms best, how do OE prefixes compare to Present Day English (PDE) prefixes, and what do stacked prefixes reveal about the morphology-prosody interface. The paper reexamines these questions, expands considerably the empirical data-base for their discussion, and offers an account of the observed stress patterns in terms of Optimality Theory (OT).
Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Initial Flight and Shoot Departure Along a North-South Gradient

Abstract The exotic pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), established in the north central and northeastern United States (U.S.) and adjacent regions in Canada, is regulated by a federal quarantine that restricts movement of pine material during specific times of the year based on the beetle’s life history. Although climatic variation occurs across T. piniperda’s range, a single set of dates is used for timing the movement of pine logs. We monitored T. piniperda spring flight, fall shoot departure, and air and internal tree temperatures at three sites along a 300-km north-south gradient in Michigan and Indiana. We also estimated dates for initial spring flight (12°C threshold) and fall shoot departure (0°C threshold) across an 850-km gradient using historical temperature records (1901 to 1999). Average daily temperatures in fall 1997 (8 October to 12 December) and spring 1998 (20 February to 21 April) were 1.8 to 2.4°C colder, respectively, at the northern field site than at the southern field site. Fall shoot departure began at approximately the same time (day 289 to 290) at all three field sites, but complete shoot departure was extended by 3 wk at the southern site (day 336) compared with the northern site (day 317). T. piniperda adults were first captured in funnel traps on calendar day 86 at the northern site and on day 59 at the central and southern field sites. Peak flight occurred at approximately the same time (day 86) at all three sites. Within-shoot temperatures were very similar to air temperatures in the fall and aboveground inside-bark temperatures were similar to air temperatures in the spring. Average predicted dates based on historical temperature records varied by 31 d for initial shoot departure and 84 d for initial spring flight between northern Michigan and southern Indiana. Because considerable variation can occur in T. piniperda behavior across a broad geographic range, dates specified in the U.S. Federal quarantine should be adjusted according to local temperatures.
Difficulties in Recruitment for a Randomised Controlled Trial of Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Diabetes Management

Objective: To report our experience of attempting a randomised controlled trial of an intensive lifestyle intervention for early type 2 diabetes delivered in a residential setting. Methods: We established a trial requiring 84 participants (46 standard care and 38 intervention) to detect a 1% difference in HbA1c between intervention and control groups at 12 months, allowing for attrition. Ethics approval was obtained from Monash University. Results: The study was abandoned after five months of consistent promotion due to recruitment failure (four subjects recruited). Conclusion: It appears to be difficult for patients with diabetes to commit to a live-in period of education regarding lifestyle modification as a means of treating the illness. We recommend better education of patients and their doctors about the potential health benefits of lifestyle change to manage type 2 diabetes, and further research into novel methods of delivering lifestyle advice which are both effective and sustainable.
La asistencia psiquiátrica y las actitudes colectivas ante la enfermedad mental

Para centrar nuestro analisis nos circunscribiremos al concepto de que la enfermedad, en un modelo psicologico, es un monto excesivo de an­siedad para la capacidad del sistema o subsistema implicado, en un mo­mento dado, lo que traera aparejada la necesidad de recurrir a mecanis­mos arcaicos y estereotipados para el control o descarga de dicha ansiedad en cualquiera de los niveles senalados.
Vici syndrome—A rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with hypopigmentation, immunodeficiency and myopathic changes on muscle biopsy

Since its first description by Vici et al. [ 1988 ], further reports have continued to broaden the clinical phenotype of this rare multisystem disorder. Main features of agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC), hypopigmentation, immunodeficiency/recurrent infections, cataracts, severe failure to thrive, and profound psychomotor delay have been reported in all cases. An additional feature is the recent evidence for neuromuscular involvement. We describe a female infant with the above core features in whom an initial rapid neurological deterioration and associated transient left ventricular hypertrophy and liver dysfunction was followed by relative clinical stability after ten months of age. This case further underlines the clinical phenotype of Vici syndrome as an early onset neurodegenerative disorder with hypopimentation, recurrent infections and muscle findings indicating myopathic and neurogenic features. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Data Processing Model of Bank Credit Evaluation System

Data extraction and transform are based on the mapping relationship between the new system database and old system database. In generally, transform also includes data cleaning, which is to clear the dirty data that is from original database. Before data cleaning, analysis of data quality is demanded.Data loading is to load the data which has been extracted and transformed into the destination database through loading tools and SQL sentences programmed manually. This paper detailedly analysis the model of data processing in the credit evaluation system , in which the process and methods of data extraction,transform and loading have been studied deeply, and the steps of data integration also have been presented. It also constructs a XML data model for data integration, which can implement structured data of relational type as well as describe unstructured data and semi-structured data. The model has been apllied to the bank credit evaluation system,and proved to be more efficient implementation, it can be used as the principle guiding of data processing in bank system.
Mitochondrial DNA and Alu insertions in a genetically peculiar population: The Ayoreo Indians of Bolivia and Paraguay

A total of 91 Ayoreo individuals previously studied for blood groups and protein markers, living in two Bolivian and one Paraguayan communities, were extensively investigated in relation to the hypervariable 1 segment of the control and eight coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). They show an extremely reduced mtDNA variability, the observed haplotypes being classifiable in just two haplogroups (C and D). They were also variously studied in relation to six Alu insertions; in this case, however, the prevalences found did not depart markedly from those obtained in other populations of this ethnic group. To assess the Ayoreo position in relation to these populations, 11 other groups that had also been studied for these systems and for blood groups and proteins were selected. The dendrograms obtained with two of the three sets of markers showed distinct patterns, but the Ayoreo were placed in a central position in both the blood group + proteins and Alu insertions trees. Therefore, they are clearly distinct in relation to their mtDNA only, suggesting a strong founder effect and/or random loss of variability in this system. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:479–488, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid hormone regulates the obesity gene tub

Thyroid hormone T3/T4 is a major regulator of energy metabolism in vertebrates, and defects in thyroid status are frequently associated with changes in body weight. It is demonstrated here that thyroid hormone regulates in vivo and in vitro the tub gene, which when mutated in tubby mice causes obesity, insulin resistance and sensory deficits. Hypothyroidism in rats altered tub mRNA and protein in discrete brain areas. These changes could be attributed to thyroid hormone deficiency since T3/T4 treatment restored normal tub expression. T3 also upregulated tub mRNA within 4–6 h in neuronal cells in culture, suggesting that T3 is a positive regulator of tub gene expression. Thus, these results establish a novel pathway of T3 action and provide an important molecular link between thyroid status and the tubby‐associated syndrome.
Morphologie mathématique appliquée au développement d'outils de maillage EF automatiques dans le cas de microstructures hétérogènes bi et multiphasées

Dans cette etude est proposee une methode de description exhaustive d'une microstructure 2D et 3D afin d'en extraire des composantes morphologiques pertinentes qui seront la base d'une triangulation surfacique. Nous proposons cette structure triangulaire morphologiquement optimisee comme base d'entree d'un des nombreux codes commerciaux de maillage qui utilise comme source d'entree une description vectorielle d'une image 2D ou une triangulation surfacique d'une image 3D. Ces outils de maillage seront utilises dans le cadre d'un calcul element fini afin devaluer la pertinence morphologique de notre triangulation. Les descripteurs morphologiques d'une image 2D sont simples et exhaustifs. Ils permettent l’application de la triangulation de Contrainte de Delaunay dans les cas bi et multiphase. En 3D, le cas biphase differe du cas multiphase. Dans le cas biphase, nous etudions les limites de la morphologie mathematique dont les outils peuvent encore etre utilises dans quelques etapes de la triangulation comme la definition de surface des objets dans l'image. La triangulation proprement dite sera realisee par des outils morphologiques originaux. Dans le cas multiphase, les descripteurs morphologiques ne sont plus definissables simplement et uniquement par les outils morphologiques classiques; l'etablissement de nouveaux concepts mathematiques, donnant lieu a des propositions et parfois a des preuves, est necessaire. Ces nouveaux outils vont nous permettre a la fois de realiser une description fidele des composantes de l'image, mais aussi de proposer une methode originale de triangulation de ces surfaces.
Metabolism of trimethylselenonium ion in selenium accumulator, Allium sativum

To understand selenium (Se) circulation in the biosphere, the metabolism of organic Se, in particular, Se metabolites, in animals and plants should be elucidated. In this study, garlic, Allium sativum, a well-known Se accumulator with high Se metabolic ability, was hydroponically cultivated and then exposed to trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe), a urinary metabolite. Thereafter, the Se concentration in several parts of garlic, such as roots, bulbs, and leaves, was determined. To reveal the metabolic pathway of TMSe, the Se species in A. sativum were investigated by speciation using HPLC hyphenated with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LC-ICP-MS). Se was mostly accumulated in the roots. TMSe was detected in the extract of each plant part. However, the amount of Se incorporated from the medium was not completely recovered in the garlic, suggesting that a part of TMSe was metabolized into volatile Se. Consequently, we conclude that the majority of TMSe incorporated into garlic is accumulated as is, the rest is partially desmethylated to form a volatile Se compound, such as a dimethylated Se compound.
Das Paradoxon der Marktwirtschaft: Die Verfassung des Marktes und das Problem der "sozialen Sicherheit"

Die Unterscheidung zwischen grundlegenden Ordnungsprinzipien und real existierenden Ordnungsformen ist entscheidend, wenn es darum geht, die tatsachlichen Ursachen von Erscheinungen zu identifizieren, die Anlass fur Unzufriedenheit bieten, und um die Richtung identifizieren zu konnen, in die Reformen gehen mussen, sollen sie diese Ursachen beseitigen. Sie andert jedoch nichts an dem grundsatzlichen Problem der zwiespaltigen Einstellung der Menschen zum Marktwettbewerb. Im folgenden soll das der marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnung inharente Spannungsverhaltnis von geschatzten Vorzugen und ungeliebten Anforderungen etwas naher untersucht und die Frage nach den Moglichkeiten erortert werden, mit dem "Paradoxon der Marktwirtschaft" umzugehen.
EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis

Objectives: To develop European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of small and medium vessel vasculitis. Methods: An expert group (consisting of 10 rheumatologists, 3 nephrologists, 2 immunologists, 2 internists representing 8 European countries and the USA, a clinical epidemiologist and a representative from a drug regulatory agency) identified 10 topics for a systematic literature search using a modified Delphi technique. In accordance with standardised EULAR operating procedures, recommendations were derived for the management of small and medium vessel vasculitis. In the absence of evidence, recommendations were formulated on the basis of a consensus opinion. Results: In all, 15 recommendations were made for the management of small and medium vessel vasculitis. The strength of recommendations was restricted by low quality of evidence and by EULAR standardised operating procedures. Conclusions: On the basis of evidence and expert consensus, recommendations have been made for the evaluation, investigation, treatment and monitoring of patients with small and medium vessel vasculitis for use in everyday clinical practice.
Lubricant use and condom use during anal sex in men who have sex with men in Tanzania

The lack of data on condom and lubricant use among African men who have sex with men (MSM) hinders prevention efforts. We describe use, knowledge, and access to lubricants in Dar es Salaam and Tanga, Tanzania. Data were collected in 2012 and 2013 from a cross-sectional survey of 200 MSM in Dar es Salaam and 100 MSM in Tanga, Tanzania. The most common reason for not using condoms was dislike of condoms. Two-thirds of the men reported always using a lubricant for anal sex. Results showed that: fewer men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) know about lubricants; more MSM look for, have difficulty finding, and find lubricants to be expensive; and MSM use lubricants to facilitate penetration. MSMW commonly receive their lubricants from their sexual partner, while MSM got them from friends and pharmacies. HIV-negative MSM used lubricants to facilitate penetration and reduce pain. HIV-positive MSM are likely to get their lubricants from pharmacies or friends. MSMW use Vaseline® significantly more than MSM as a lubricant. Results suggest that HIV prevention knowledge among MSM is greater, so HIV prevention efforts should emphasise carrying water-based lubricant among MSMW. Consequently, there is an opportunity to co-market condoms and water-based lubricants.
Letter by Rai regarding article, "Bystander-initiated rescue breathing for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of noncardiac origin".

To The Editor: I read with interest the study by Kitamura et al published in a recent issue of Circulation . 1 This nationwide, population-based study found significantly higher rate of favorable neurological outcome in the conventional-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group compared to the compression-only-CPR group for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of noncardiac origin (NCO). However, 2 recent randomized controlled trials showed no benefit of rescue-breathing in for OHCA.2,3 Even for NCO-OHCA, Rea et al found no significant difference in survival to hospital discharge ( P =0.29) or in neurological outcome ( P =0.42) between compression-only-CPR and conventional-CPR groups.2 Although important, these findings are not new. However, they do …
Effects of phenotypic plasticity on post-metamorphic traits during pre-metamorphic stages in the anuran Pelodytes punctatus

Question: In organisms with a complex life cycle, are stages phenotypically coupled or does metamorphosis break all developmental links? Hypothesis: For those organisms with developmental phenotypic plasticity, if metamorphosis does not break all developmental links, then changes in juvenile performance will occur as a cost of phenotypic plasticity. Organism: The anuran Pelodytes punctatus from the north-east Iberian Peninsula. Methods: Two experimental treatments: (1) constant water level and (2) drying treatment. Larvae phenotypic plasticity was measured using morphological and life-history (time to and mass at metamorphosis) traits. After metamorphosis, toadlet morphology and its jump capacity were measured in both treatments. Results: Tadpoles in the drying treatment accelerated metamorphosis and reached this stage with a lower body mass. They also showed a reduced tail fin during the larval phase. Toadlets in the drying treatment showed shorter and less muscular hind limbs and a reduced jump capacity compared with individuals in the constant water treatment independently of time of development.
Courbures et lignes de crête sur des images en niveaux de gris : Etude comparative et application aux sillons corticaux

Nous nous interessons, dans ce travail, aux caracteristiques differentielles des iso-surfaces des images en niveaux de gris. Les notions de courbures et de lignes de crete sont definies et les methodes de calcul evaluees. Nous avons ensuite utilise ces notions pour l'extraction des sillons corticaux du cerveau sur des images IRM, en supprimant l'etape des segmentations prealables. Les courbures 2D et 3D s'expriment en fonction des derivees partielles des images. Leur precision depend alors du calcul de ces derivees. Nous presentons differentes methodes de calculs de ces courbures et mesurons leur precision sur des images-test. Parmi les methodes testees, ce sont les approches lissantes qui generent globalement l'erreur la plus faible sur des images bruitees. La taille du lissage est un parametre crucial car il depend du bruit a eliminer dans l'image et de la taille des structures a detecter. Pour segmenter les cretes et les vallees, nous nous sommes egalement interesse a l'extraction des lignes de crete sous forme discrete dans l'espace image et sous forme analytique. L'utilisation d'un logiciel de calcul formel s'est avere necessaire pour etablir l'expression analytique des lignes de crete. Les expressions complexes obtenues definissent les lignes de crete pour des polynomes particuliers. Dans un cadre general, ces expressions n'ont pas de solutions simples. Elles constituent des perspectives tres interessantes pour l'extraction des cretes et des vallees [etc]
The role of music in the lives of older adults with dementia ageing in place: A scoping review

The number of people around the world living with dementia is predicted to rise from 44 million to 135 million by 2050. Traditional treatments for dementia have been largely unsuccessful and prompted the emergence of alternative strategies. Music is emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy for older adults with dementia however, most of the work to date has focused on institutions. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize what is known about the role and impact that music plays in the lives of community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Using a five-stage framework for conducting a scoping review, analysis revealed three ways in which music influences the lives of community-dwelling older adults with dementia: (a) reduced agitation, (b) improved cognition, and (c) enhanced social well-being. The concept of personhood provided a lens with which to conceptualize the findings and highlights the need for continued research.