Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiotelemetry reveals variation in fever and sickness behaviours with latitude in a free-living passerine.

Summary 1. The acute phase immune response, which includes fever and sickness behaviours, carries high costs in energy and time, but enhances pathogen clearance in diverse hosts. Hypotheses based upon pathogen pressures and life-history trade-offs predict that costly immune responses will decrease in strength as latitude increases. However, whether the acute phase response shows latitudinal patterns among free-living, wild populations remains unknown. 2. Here, we studied fever and sickness behaviours during the early breeding season in free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) along a latitudinal gradient in southern California (CA), Washington (WA), and Alaska (AK). In 2007 and 2008, we injected males with lipopolysaccharide and assessed sickness behaviour by measuring changes in territorial aggression. In 2008, we monitored fever and sickness behaviour in CA and WA birds using a novel telemetric technique: skin-mounted radiotransmitters with temperature sensors. 3. In 2007, territorial defence varied by latitude, with a lower probability of territorial response at 24 h after injection in CA, but not in WA or AK. Radiotelemetry in 2008 revealed that CA birds showed pronounced and prolonged lethargy and fever (c. 2 °C above control males throughout the night), whereas WA birds showed only moderate lethargy and fever (c. 1 °C, returning to control levels during the night). 4. This study establishes radiotelemetry as a powerful method for quantifying fever and sickness behaviours in small, free-living vertebrates. Moreover, our data suggest that latitude predicts the strength of these responses. These results can provide insight into disease susceptibility and spread among wild populations.
WILDLIFE HEALTH AUSTRALIA (WHA) SUBMISSION: DRAFT NATIONAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE STRATEGY FOR THE AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL SECTOR Please find attached a submission regarding native wildlife, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy for The Australian Animal Secto

The Strategy is a great initiative. We understand that the main focus must be on livestock/domestic animal health, however we note that environment and wildlife are not specifically mentioned. The environment forms another compartment that could play a role in AMR, and although its significance in relation to AMR development and transmission is not well understood, it should be considered in relation to the Strategy, in particular the identification of surveillance and research needs for wildlife within the animal health area (Objectives 4 and 7).
A randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of zoledronate gel as a local drug delivery system in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinical and radiological correlation

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of local drug delivery system of zoledronate (ZLN) gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of human periodontal intrabony defects clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: Forty intrabony defects (three walled and combined defects without involving furcation) in moderate to severely affected forty chronic periodontitis patients (range, 30–50 years) were randomly divided into two groups and treated either with 0.05% ZLN gel (ZLN n = 20; 1 dropout) or placebo gel (control group [CG] n = 20) after SRP. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), tooth-specific pocket probing depth (TsPPD), and clinical attachment levels (TsCAL) were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months using occlusal acrylic stent. Radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months, utilizing “ONIS 2.5 PROFESSIONAL” and “SYNGO” software compatible with DentaScan to measure the volumetric bone changes in intrabony defects. Results: In intragroup comparisons, both groups showed significant PI and GI reduction (P < 0.001) after treatment at 3 and 6 months. In intergroup comparisons, TsPPD reduction and TsCAL gain were significant only in ZLN at 6 months from both baseline and 3 months. Radiographically, significant reduction in defect depth and buccolingual width with volumetric defect gain of 40.24% ± 7.44% in ZLN compared to insignificant gain of 1.60% ± 4.06% in CG was observed at 6 months. Conclusion: ZLN gel applied subgingivally in intrabony defects resulted in significant improvements both clinically and radiographically.
Classification of Simple Weight Modules over the Schrödinger Algebra

Abstract A classification of simple weight modules over the Schrödinger algebra is given. The Krull and the global dimensions are found for the centralizer ${{C}_{S}}(H)$ (and some of its prime factor algebras) of the Cartan element $H$ in the universal enveloping algebra $S$ of the Schrödinger (Lie) algebra. The simple ${{C}_{S}}(H)$ -modules are classified. The Krull and the global dimensions are found for some (prime) factor algebras of the algebra $S$ (over the centre). It is proved that some (prime) factor algebras of $S$ and ${{C}_{S}}(H)$ are tensor homological $/$ Krull minimal.
Comparative time-resolved photoemission from the Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces

Citation: Ambrosio, M. J., & Thumm, U. (2016). Comparative time-resolved photoemission from the Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces. Physical Review A, 94(6), 14. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.94. 063424
Factors Associated with Nosocomial Bloodstream Infection Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and With Mortality, from a Single Center

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is an emerging multi-drug nosocomial pathogen. We compared factors associated with bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by CRKP and carbapenem-sensitive K. pneumoniae (CSKP) and risk factors associated with mortality. A retrospective cohort design was conducted by our tertiary-care university teaching hospital with 3000 beds. All adults with CRKP and CSKP BSI from January 2010 to December 2016 were included. CRKP and CSKP BSI isolated from blood culture were identified retrospectively in the microbiology laboratory. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from electronic medical records. Multivariate analysis was used to examine risk factors of mortality, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This study included 140 patients, 29 with CRKP BSI and 111 with CRSP BSI. Patients with CRKP BSI had undergone more invasive procedures, tended to have more comorbidities measured by the Charlson index, and had higher rates of previous antimicrobial exposure than those with CRSP BSI. The crude and attributable mortality at 4 weeks for the 29 patients with CRKP BSI was 41.4% and 25.9%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased mortality with CRKP BSI were use of ventilation (OR 13.6, 95% CI 3.0-62.3) and tigecycline treatment (110.5, 5.8-2096.2) and appropriate antibiotics empirical therapy was associated with decreased mortality (0.01, 0.001-0.086). Summary, risk factors for CRKP BSIrelated mortality were ventilation, tigecycline treatment and inappropriate antibiotics empirical therapy. The higher mortality associated with CRKP than CSKP BSI may be mediated by failure to provide effective therapy.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Spirulina In the Treatment of Formaldehyde Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Swiss Albino Mice

The present study evaluates the anti-arthritic effect of Spirulina fusiformis on formaldehyde induced Rheumatoid arthritis in mice. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of formaldehyde (0.1 ml of 2%v/v) into the right hind paw of Swiss albino mice. Spirulina fusiformis (500mg/kg b.wt & 1000mg/kg/b.wt) was orally administrated for 10 days. The anti arthritic effect of Spirulina fusiformis was evaluated by measuring changes in the paw volume, body weight, protein, uric acid, serum and liver lysosomal enzymes such as Acid phosphatase, â -glucuronidase and âgalactosidase, protein-bound carbohydrates such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose in control and experimental groups. In formaldehyde induced arthritic animals, the levels of lysosomal enzymes in serum and liver were decreased and the levels of protein-bound carbohydrates and paw volume were increased. However the body weight was found to be reduced when compared to control animals. Oral administration of Spirulina fusiformis (1000mg/kg/b.wt) significantly altered these physical and biochemical changes observed in arthritic animals to near normal conditions. Hence results of this study clearly indicate that Spirulina fusiformis has promising anti-arthritic activity against formaldehyde induced rheumatoid arthritic animals.
Recent Advances in Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices Based on Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) offer several attractive features for use in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Device applications of TMDCs have gained much research interest, and significant advancement has been recorded. In this review, the overall research advancement in electronic and optoelectronic devices based on TMDCs are summarized and discussed. In particular, we focus on evaluating field effect transistors (FETs), photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, lasers, and integrated circuits (ICs) using TMDCs.
Social Organization of Marine Tucuxi Dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, in the Cananéia Estuary of Southeastern Brazil

Abstract Social organization is an important component of the population biology of a species that influences gene flow, the spatial pattern and scale of movements, and the effects of predation or exploitation by humans. An important element of social structure in mammals is group fidelity, which can be quantified through association indices. To describe the social organization of marine tucuxi dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) found in the Cananéia estuary, southeastern Brazil, association indices were applied to photo-identification data to characterize the temporal stability of relationships among members of this population. Eighty-seven days of fieldwork were conducted from May 2000 to July 2003, resulting in direct observations of 374 distinct groups. A total of 138 dolphins were identified on 1–38 distinct field days. Lone dolphins were rarely seen, whereas groups were composed of up to 60 individuals (mean ± 1 SD = 12.4 ± 11.4 individuals per group). A total of 29,327 photographs were analyzed, of which 6,312 (21.5%) were considered useful for identifying individuals. Half-weight and simple ratio indices were used to investigate associations among S. guianensis as revealed by the entire data set, data from the core study site, and data from groups composed of ≤10 individuals. Monte Carlo methods indicated that only 3 (9.3%) of 32 association matrices differed significantly from expectations based on random association. Thus, our study suggests that stable associations are not characteristic of S. guianensis in the Cananéia estuary.
I Inequity Aversion

Humans are an exceptionally cooperative species, regularly engaging in cooperate acts with both related and unrelated individuals. Cooperation in humans has played a fundamental role in the success of our species, yielding unprecedented collective action and a capacity to transmit information through vast social networks, which has provided humans with a key selective advantage that has enabled population growth into even boreal climates (Boyd et al. 2011). In particular, such cooperative tendencies have been vital to our cultural development, facilitating our ability to accumulate complex traits and knowledge over time (cumulative culture), a process that is widely believed to underpin humanity’s extraordinary biological success. Given the selective advantage wide-scale cooperation has conferred to our species, it is important to address why this capability may have evolved and the processes that may underpin it. In this entry, we consider one mechanism that may be essential to maintaining the success of cooperation, inequity aversion. When considering behaviors, evolutionary scientists typically focus on two features: its function, or why it evolved, and the mechanism(s) by which it operates. Regarding the first of these, the evolutionary pathway that leads to cooperation is relatively well understood. It is typically accounted for by one of the three theories: kin selection, reciprocity, or mutualism. The kin selection account of cooperation is that cooperation can evolve when cooperative acts provide a fitness advantage to related individuals, despite a cost to helper organisms. The account of cooperation that involves direct reciprocity indicates that cooperation can arise when the short-term net losses are outweighed by the long-term benefits of cooperative interactions, often with specific partners. Finally, mutualism describes cooperation that can result in greater immediate payoffs
Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction and Shock

Shock is one of the most challenging life-threatening conditions with high mortality and morbidity; the outcomes are highly dependent on the early detection and management of the condition. Septic shock is the most common type of shock in the Intensive Care Unit. While not as common as other subsets of shock, obstructive shock is a significant subtype due to well defined mechanical and pathological causes, including tension pneumothorax, massive pulmonary embolism, and cardiac tamponade. We are presenting a patient with obstructive shock due to inferior vena cava obstruction secondary to extensive deep venous thrombosis. Chance of survival from obstructive shock in our patient was small; however, there was complete and immediate recovery after treatment of the obstruction on recognizing the affected vessels. This case alerts the practicing intensivist and the emergency medicine physician to consider occlusion of the great vessels other than the pulmonary artery or aorta as causes of obstructive shock.
Protein expression patterns in cancer-associated fibroblasts and cells undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancers

Recent studies have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to invasive and metastatic abilities of ovarian cancer (OC) cells. In the present study, we attempted to identify the role of CAF- and EMT-related proteins in OCs, including serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma using an immunohistochemical approach. The following CAF-related markers were used: CD10, podoplanin, fibroblast activating protein (FAP), platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRα), PDGFRβ, S100A4 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In addition, the following EMT-related markers were investigated: Slug, TWIST1 and ZEB1We performed hierarchical cluster analysis to group the samples according to their scoring. Subgroup 1 was characterized by high expression of CD10, podoplanin, α-SMA, Slug and ZEB1, whereas subgroup 2 was closely associated with high expression of podoplanin, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, α-SMA, and Slug. In addition, marked expression of CD10 was observed in subgroup 3. High expression of α-SMA was a distinctive feature in subgroup 4, and expression of podoplanin and α-SMA characterized subgroup 5. Each subgroup was correlated with a histological type. The fact that different histological types were associated with different subgroups suggests the presence of distinct and heterogeneous subpopulations of CAFs in OC.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE MIDDLE AMERICAN JUMPING PITVIPERS (GENUS ATROPOIDES) AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ATROPOIDES NUMMIFER COMPLEX

We used 1400 bp of mitochondrial DNA sequence from two gene fragments (ND4 and cyt-b) to investigate phylogenetic relationships within Atropoides, with emphasis on the subspecies of A. nummifer. Although many relationships within the genus are strongly supported, monophyly of Atropoides was never supported, although it could not be rejected with statistical confidence. In most analyses, the genus was paraphyletic with respect to Porthidium and Cerrophidion, due to the problematic placement of A. picadoi. Our results suggest that the current taxonomy may underestimate species diversity within this group. Atropoides nummifer was found to comprise three distinct phylogroups, generally coinciding with the current subspecies recognized under A. nummifer but paraphyletic with respect to A. olmec. Additionally, disjunct populations previously thought to represent A. nummifer in Oaxaca, Mexico, and Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, appear to represent A. olmec. We use the phylogeny recovered for A. nummifer and A. olmec to discuss geological and climatic events that may historically have affected gene flow within this complex.
Compiler fuzzing through deep learning

Random program generation — fuzzing — is an effective technique for discovering bugs in compilers but successful fuzzers require extensive development effort for every language supported by the compiler, and often leave parts of the language space untested. We introduce DeepSmith, a novel machine learning approach to accelerating compiler validation through the inference of generative models for compiler inputs. Our approach infers a learned model of the structure of real world code based on a large corpus of open source code. Then, it uses the model to automatically generate tens of thousands of realistic programs. Finally, we apply established differential testing methodologies on them to expose bugs in compilers. We apply our approach to the OpenCL programming language, automatically exposing bugs with little effort on our side. In 1,000 hours of automated testing of commercial and open source compilers, we discover bugs in all of them, submitting 67 bug reports. Our test cases are on average two orders of magnitude smaller than the state-of-the-art, require 3.03× less time to generate and evaluate, and expose bugs which the state-of-the-art cannot. Our random program generator, comprising only 500 lines of code, took 12 hours to train for OpenCL versus the state-of-the-art taking 9 man months to port from a generator for C and 50,000 lines of code. With 18 lines of code we extended our program generator to a second language, uncovering crashes in Solidity compilers in 12 hours of automated testing.
A Data Quality Framework for Process Mining of Electronic Health Record Data

Reliable research demands data of known quality. This can be very challenging for electronic health record (EHR) based research where data quality issues can be complex and often unknown. Emerging technologies such as process mining can reveal insights into how to improve care pathways but only if technological advances are matched by strategies and methods to improve data quality. The aim of this work was to develop a care pathway data quality framework (CP-DQF) to identify, manage and mitigate EHR data quality in the context of process mining, using dental EHRs as an example. Objectives: To: 1) Design a framework implementable within our e-health record research environments; 2) Scale it to further dimensions and sources; 3) Run code to mark the data; 4) Mitigate issues and provide an audit trail. Methods: We reviewed the existing literature covering data quality frameworks for process mining and for data mining of EHRs and constructed a unified data quality framework that met the requirements of both. We applied the framework to a practical case study mining primary care dental pathways from an EHR covering 41 dental clinics and 231,760 patients in the Republic of Ireland. Results: Applying the framework helped identify many potential data quality issues and mark-up every data point affected. This enabled systematic assessment of the data quality issues relevant to mining care pathways. Conclusion: The complexity of data quality in an EHR-data research environment was addressed through a re-usable and comprehensible framework that met the needs of our case study. This structured approach saved time and brought rigor to the management and mitigation of data quality issues. The resulting metadata is being used within cohort selection, experiment and process mining software so that our research with this data is based on data of known quality. Our framework is a useful starting point for process mining researchers to address EHR data quality concerns.
Benchmark levels for the consumptive water footprint of crop production for different environmental conditions: a case study for winter wheat in China

Abstract. Meeting growing food demands while simultaneously shrinking the water footprint (WF) of agricultural production is one of the greatest societal challenges. Benchmarks for the WF of crop production can serve as a reference and be helpful in setting WF reduction targets. The consumptive WF of crops, the consumption of rainwater stored in the soil (green WF), and the consumption of irrigation water (blue WF) over the crop growing period varies spatially and temporally depending on environmental factors like climate and soil. The study explores which environmental factors should be distinguished when determining benchmark levels for the consumptive WF of crops. Hereto we determine benchmark levels for the consumptive WF of winter wheat production in China for all separate years in the period 1961–2008, for rain-fed vs. irrigated croplands, for wet vs. dry years, for warm vs. cold years, for four different soil classes, and for two different climate zones. We simulate consumptive WFs of winter wheat production with the crop water productivity model AquaCrop at a 5 by 5 arcmin resolution, accounting for water stress only. The results show that (i) benchmark levels determined for individual years for the country as a whole remain within a range of ±20 % around long-term mean levels over 1961–2008, (ii) the WF benchmarks for irrigated winter wheat are 8–10 % larger than those for rain-fed winter wheat, (iii) WF benchmarks for wet years are 1–3 % smaller than for dry years, (iv) WF benchmarks for warm years are 7–8 % smaller than for cold years, (v) WF benchmarks differ by about 10–12 % across different soil texture classes, and (vi) WF benchmarks for the humid zone are 26–31 % smaller than for the arid zone, which has relatively higher reference evapotranspiration in general and lower yields in rain-fed fields. We conclude that when determining benchmark levels for the consumptive WF of a crop, it is useful to primarily distinguish between different climate zones. If actual consumptive WFs of winter wheat throughout China were reduced to the benchmark levels set by the best 25 % of Chinese winter wheat production (1224 m3 t−1 for arid areas and 841 m3 t−1 for humid areas), the water saving in an average year would be 53 % of the current water consumption at winter wheat fields in China. The majority of the yield increase and associated improvement in water productivity can be achieved in southern China.