Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humanitarian space : trends and issues HPG Policy

humanitarian actors that ‘humanitarian space’ is shrinking. This is largely attributed to developments since the attacks on the United States on 11 September 2001, particularly the use of humanitarian assistance by Western governments to further their political and security objectives. The corollary of this apparent decline in humanitarian space is that things were better in the past. In reality, the history of humanitarian action over the past half century or so reveals a far more complex and ambiguous picture. There is no ‘golden age’ of humanitarian space, but rather periods in which humanitarian action was frequently and deeply politicised; when humanitarian access to conflict zones was heavily constrained by concerns for sovereignty; when access depended entirely on compromising principles and autonomy; and when neutrality was all but abandoned in favour of militarised humanitarianism. Many of the problems agencies face today in delivering relief and providing protection are all too familiar when compared with the past, and are in many respects a consequence of expanding humanitarian engagement in conflict-related crises and the changing nature of the humanitarian system.
Protection and Quench Detection of YBCO Coils Results With Small Test Coil Assemblies

This paper presents the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the stability and protection of small test coil assemblies wound with second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires. The study, conducted as a part of the efforts to improve the design and applicability of YBCO wire technology to real-life power devices, such as magnets, focused on two specific issues: 1) internal voltage developed within the winding resulting from a spatially nonuniform normal zone in a coil that is effectively short-circuited across its terminals; and 2) detection of a localized ldquohot spotrdquo with acoustic emission (AE) signals to complement the usual resistive voltage technique. Each test coil assembly, a stack of four single YBCO pancakes electrically connected in series and shunted by a ldquopersistent-moderdquo switch, simulated a power-supply driven magnet a moment after a quench zone appeared within the winding. A heater was incorporated into each pancake coil to drive 25% (one pancake), 50%, 75%, or 100% (four pancakes) of the test coil assembly. Measured internal voltages arising from different quench sizes and distributions are compared with the results of the simulation. ldquoHot-spotrdquo induced AE signals are also presented on a single coil to determine if AE signals may be useful to facilitate the early detection of a normal zone in HTS windings.
A consumer's view of restaurant reservations policies.

Restaurant customers view reservations as a form of contract, according to a survey of 1,230 frequent diners. The self-selected respondents to the survey had little patience for restaurants that fail to have tables ready, but they also thought that customers who could not honor their reservations should keep their end of the deal, by contacting the restaurant with their change of plans. Along that line, survey respondents often found it difficult to contact a restaurant when they needed to change a reservation. An examination of specific reservations-related policies found that, with regard to late-arriving diners, a policy of holding a table for no longer than a stated period, typically 15 minutes, is viewed as fair and acceptable. Also seen as relatively fair is asking guests to guarantee their reservation with a credit card. The respondents dislike the idea of premium pricing, question the fairness of policies that set a maximum duration at table or a minimum party size, and take a negative view of restaurants that penalize guests when one or more members of a party do not appear. Guests who linger at a table present a special challenge. Respondents do not want to be rushed or be asked to leave when they stay long at a table, but at the same time they realized that lingering guests cause delays for parties that follow them. One way to circumvent this issue might be for the restaurant operator to discuss time expectations when accepting the reservation.
VALUE RELEVANCE OF MANDATORY DISCLOSURE EMPIRICAL STUDY IN INDONESIAN PUBLIC COMPANIES

The objective of this study is to investigate the value relevance effects of mandatory disclosure in measuring firm value in Indonesian public companies. This study uses price model, i.e. stock price as a firm value. Value relevance is measured by earnings per share and book values per share,while mandatory disclosure is measured by index disclosure. The value relevance effect of mandatory disclosure is measured by relating variable earnings per share and book values per share with index disclosure. Regression analysis on sample of 219 firm-years from 2011 to 2012 is employed to test the hypothesis. Those samples are taken from Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in all sectors. The result of the present research shows that mandatory disclosure decreases the relevancies of earnings per share. Meanwhile, mandatory disclosure is increasing the relevancies of book value per share. Keyword: Value relevance, earnings per share, book value per share, stock price, mandatory disclosure.
Fraud Analysis Techniques Using ACL

Internal AuditInsider Threats in Cyber SecurityFraud Toolkit for ACLForensic Accounting and Fraud ExaminationForensic AnalyticsFraud Data Analytics MethodologyBig DataJournal of Forensic AccountingForensic Accounting For DummiesFinancial Statement FraudInformation Technology AuditingComputer Aided Fraud Prevention and DetectionComputer and Intrusion ForensicsData Analytics for Internal AuditorsFraud and Fraud DetectionImproving ECommerce Web Applications Through Business Intelligence TechniquesFraud DetectionThe Handbook of Fraud DeterrenceInformation Systems Auditing and AssuranceFraud Auditing and Forensic AccountingFraud and CorruptionFraud Analysis Techniques Using ACLFraud AnalyticsInternal AuditContemporary Issues in Audit Management and Forensic AccountingHandbook of Research on Engineering, Business, and Healthcare Applications of Data Science and AnalyticsBenford's LawFraud ExaminationUsing Analytics to Detect Possible FraudKey Business AnalyticsForensic Accounting and Fraud ExaminationSolving Modern Crime in Financial MarketsForensic AnalyticsFraud and Fraud Detection, + WebsiteAccounting & Auditing ResearchIBM Watson Content Analytics: Discovering Actionable Insight from Your ContentThe Detective's HandbookFraud ExaminationAccountants' Handbook, Special Industries and Special TopicsAuditing Ecosystem and Strategic Accounting in the Digital Era
Efficacy of tacrolimus as rescue therapy for chronic rejection in orthotopic liver transplantation: a report of the U.S. Multicenter Liver Study Group.

BACKGROUND A study was performed by 17 different U.S. liver transplantation centers to determine the safety and efficacy of conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus for chronic allograft rejection. METHODS Ninety-one patients were converted to tacrolimus a mean of 319 days after liver transplantation. The indication for conversion was ongoing chronic rejection confirmed by biochemical and histologic criteria. Patients were followed for a mean of 251 days until the end of the study. RESULTS Sixty-four patients (70.3%) were alive with their initial hepatic allograft at the conclusion of the study period and were defined as the responder group. Twenty-seven patients (29.7%) failed to respond to treatment, and 20 of them required a second liver graft. The actuarial graft survival for the total patient group was 69.9% and 48.5% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The actuarial patient survival at 1 and 2 years was 84.4% and 81.2%, respectively. Two significant positive prognostic factors were identified. Patients with a total bilirubin of < or = 10 mg/dl at the time of conversion had a significantly better graft and patient survival than patients converted with a total bilirubin > 10 mg/dl (P=0.00002 and P=0.00125, respectively). The time between liver transplantation and conversion also affected graft and patient survival. Patients converted to tacrolimus < or = 90 days after transplantation had a 1-year actuarial graft and patient survival of 51.9% and 65.9%, respectively, compared with 73.2% and 87.7% for those converted > 90 days after transplantation. The mean total bilirubin level for the responder group was 7.1 mg/dl at the time of conversion and decreased significantly to a mean of 3.4 mg/dl at the end of the study (P=0.0018). Thirteen patients (14.3%) died during the study. Sepsis was the major contributing cause of death in most of these patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that conversion to tacrolimus for chronic rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation represents an effective therapeutic option. Conversion to tacrolimus before development of elevated total bilirubin levels showed a significant impact on long-term outcome.
Assessment of Quality of Continuous Intracranial Pressure Recordings in Children

Background: Bad quality of continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings may potentially give wrong diagnostic information. Method: This study examined the ICP recordings of 33 children undergoing ICP monitoring during a 12-month period. Their ICP recordings were stored as raw data files and analyzed retrospectively. An automatic algorithm applied to every subsequent 6-second time window of each recording assessed the quality of ICP recordings. Time windows containing 4–18 cardiac beat-induced single ICP waves were accepted; time windows containing artifact-induced pressure waves due to noise in the signal were rejected. For every ICP recording, the number of accepted and rejected time windows were determined. In addition, the raw data ICP signal was assessed by visual inspection to verify the automatic algorithm. Two methods of computing mean pressure of a time window are compared; mean ICP was either computed according to current practice independent of the presence or absence of single ICP waves or computed only for single ICP waves within the time window (meanSW ICP). Results:In 4 of the 33 patients (12%), more than 70% of the time windows of their ICP recordings were rejected; in 3 patients 95–100% of time windows were rejected. Visual inspection of the raw ICP signals confirmed the absence of single ICP waves. In these cases, computing meanSW ICP, not by mean ICP, revealed the bad signal quality. Conclusions: This retrospective study showed that in 3 of 33 patients (9%) the quality of the ICP recordings was so bad that they gave wrong diagnostic information. One way of obtaining quality control is to compute meanSW ICP, determined only for cardiac beat-induced single ICP waves within a time window.
Pricing strategy for products in the healthy fast food sector in Stockholm

The demand of fast food is increasing in current food market worldwide. But fast food, as one of the unhealthy food types, cannot deny its impact as one of the causes of leading death in populations of most high income countries. Healthy fast food is called by governments, health organizations and societies, and desired by customers especially in Sweden because it is affordable, easy accessible, and most immortally, healthy. Companies are emerging based on the current fast food demand to provide healthy one in its unique style and format to meet the needs of healthy food in Sweden market. This research focuses on pricing approach and strategy that is suitable for products of healthy fast food based on literature research and interviews of fast food business owners in Stockholm. According to both literature information and interview results, value based pricing strategy was indicating as a better solution in health fast food business especially in start-up business. The application of value based pricing strategy requires discipline and practice with barrier overcome solutions, and factors with impact on pricing decision making need to be considered to ensure maximum profitability. Furthermore, healthy fast food is a new and promising business trend with developable future, and environmental friendly packaging fits to its business style and customer need.
THIRD PARTY SERVICES IN THE LOGISTICS OF GLOBAL FIRMS

Today, many firms, including freight forwarders, customhouse brokers, ocean and air carriers, both domestic and foreign, as well as logistics management companies are capable of offering bundled services for the movement of international freight. They are third-party logistics providers. The use of such offerings by major importing and exporting firms depends upon several factors influencing the economics and utility of those services.
Engagement of CD14 Mediates the Inflammatory Potential of Monosodium Urate Crystals1

Phagocyte ingestion of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals can induce proinflammatory responses and trigger acute gouty inflammation. Alternatively, the uptake of MSU crystals by mature macrophages can be noninflammatory and promote resolution of gouty inflammation. Macrophage activation by extracellular MSU crystals involves apparent recognition and ingestion mediated by TLR2 and TLR4, with subsequent intracellular recognition linked to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β processing driven by the NACHT-LRR-PYD-containing protein-3 inflammasome. In this study, we examined the potential role in gouty inflammation of CD14, a phagocyte-expressed pattern recognition receptor that functionally interacts with both TLR2 and TLR4. MSU crystals, but not latex beads, directly bound recombinant soluble (s) CD14 in vitro. CD14−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) demonstrated unimpaired phagocytosis of MSU crystals but reduced p38 phosphorylation and ∼90% less IL-1β and CXCL1 release. Attenuated MSU crystal-induced IL-1β release in CD14−/− BMDMs was mediated by decreased pro-IL-1β protein expression and additionally by decreased caspase-1 activation and IL-1β processing consistent with diminished NACHT-LRR-PYD-containing protein-3 inflammasome activation. Coating of MSU crystals with sCD14, but not sTLR2 or sTLR4, restored IL-1β and CXCL1 production in CD14−/− BMDMs in vitro. Gain of function of CD14 directly enhanced TLR4-mediated signaling in response to MSU crystals in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. Last, MSU crystal-induced leukocyte influx at 6 h was reduced by∼75%, and local induction of IL-1β decreased by >80% in CD14−/− mouse s.c. air pouches in vivo. We conclude that engagement of CD14 is a central determinant of the inflammatory potential of MSU crystals.
Consolidating evidence based studies in software cost/effort estimation — A tertiary study

Software Effort Estimation is key to the success of any project since all downstream activities such as planning, budgeting, developing and Monitoring cannot be executed without clarity on the scope of the activity that needs to be performed. This is a tertiary study that follows the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) process as put forth by Kitchenham in her seminal paper, based on five criteria: estimation technique, estimation accuracy, type of dataset and independent variables used in empirical research on effort estimation. Our study covering 820 Primary Studies through 14 SLRs, shows that Software Effort Estimation studies focus more on statistical techniques and Machine Learning is taking precedence in comparison to the others; whereas Expert Judgement is preferred by the industry due to its intuitiveness. There is a need for models that are simple to understand and global, due to the distributed nature of software development. The studies are inconclusive about the accuracy benefits of using a within company dataset vs.external datasets. Machine learning techniques such FL and GA in combination with Analogy methods generate more accurate estimates. There is increasing consensus on the use of Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE), Median Magnitude of Relative Error (MdMRE) and Prediction Pred (25%) as the accuracy metric. 78% of the Primary Studies reported accuracy using MMRE. The best MMRE reported is in the range of 7 to 75. ISBSG (International Software Benchmarking Standards Group) and Desharnais datasets with 27% and 17% usage respectively are the most widely used datasets in empirical studies on effort estimation. Fewer than 20 independent variables account for more than 90% impact of variables in empirical analysis on Software effort estimation.
NCAM1 association study of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: polymorphisms and alternatively spliced isoforms lead to similarities and differences

Objective The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1) is a multifunction transmembrane protein involved in synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and neurogenesis. Multiple NCAM1 proteins were differentially altered in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NCAM1 gene were significantly associated with bipolar disorder in the Japanese population. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may share common vulnerability or susceptibility risk factors for shared features in each disorder. Methods Both SNPs and splice variants in the NCAM1 gene were analysed in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. A case-control study design for association of SNPs and differential exon expression in the NCAM1 gene was used. Results A genotypic association between bipolar disorder and SNP b (rs2303377 near mini-exon b) and a suggestive association between schizophrenia and SNP 9 (rs646558) were found. Three of the two marker haplotypes for SNP 9 and SNP b showed varying frequencies between bipolar and controls (P<0.0001) as well as between schizophrenia and controls (P<0.0001). There were nine NCAM1 transcripts present in postmortem brain samples that involve alternative splicing of NCAM1 mini-exons (a, b, c) and the secreted (SEC) exon. Significant differences in the amounts of four alternatively spliced isoforms were found between NCAM1 SNP genotypes. In exploratory analysis, the c—SEC alternative spliced isoform was significantly decreased in bipolar disorder compared to controls for NCAM1 SNP b heterozygotes (P=0.013). Conclusions Diverse NCAM1 transcripts were found with possibly different functions. The results suggest that SNPs within NCAM1 contribute differential risk for both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia possibly by alternative splicing of the gene.
Pharmacological treatment of childhood absence epilepsy

This review discusses current pharmacological treatment of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). The key to successful treatment is the correct diagnosis of the epileptic syndrome, hence the initial part of the paper discusses the definition, diagnostic criteria and epidemiology. This is followed by a detailed analysis of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of CAE. The characteristics of old and new anticonvulsants used in the treatment of CAE are also reviewed. For each of the drugs, the mechanism of action, usual dose, common side effects and recommendations for treatment are also discussed. A separate section focuses on instances when anticonvulsants may exacerbate seizures. Particular emphasis is given to the evidence currently available, on which clinical practice needs to be based.
Expression of functional estrogen receptor beta in locus coeruleus-derived Cath.a cells.

Estrogen may have an important role in the brain beyond the development and regulation of reproductive function. Gender differences in the incidence of depression suggest that regulation of mood represents one such action. The locus coeruleus, a brain stem noradrenergic nucleus implicated in mood regulation, concentrates [(3)H]estradiol, but expression of the two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes (ERalpha and ERbeta) varies across species. Further, the role of each subtype in estrogen action on noradrenergic neurons is unknown. We examined the expression of ERs in the Cath.a (central-adrenergic-tyrosine-hydroxylase-expressing) cell line derived from mouse brain stem and found that they express ERbeta protein but not ERalpha protein. Transient transfection assays using an estrogen-responsive reporter gene indicate that ERbeta is functional. The pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 completely abolished estrogen's effects. Selective ER modulator results suggest that ER in Cath.a cells behaves in a manner consistent with ERbeta pharmacology. R,R-Tetrahydrochrysene, an ERalpha agonist, had no effect on luciferase-driven activity in Cath.a cells. This study provides the first report of a cell line that spontaneously expresses functional ERbeta protein. Cath.a cells may prove to be a useful tool in elucidating basic pharmacologic properties of ERbeta. It may also help reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in mood regulation by estrogen.
A TDMA baseband design for physiological signal transmission application based on FPGA

In this paper, a time division multiple access (TDMA) baseband design for multi-biosensor nodes to a central processing node communication is proposed. The communication protocol is achieved by introducing the control codes of tag/data type and synchronization reference and the bit error rate (BER) is reduced by using the multiple reading technique. The designed TDMA baseband system is implemented by a FPGA of Altera Cyclon II with burning the designed verilog codes in it. The resulted performances are verified with transmission data rate of 4Mbps based on 64MHz system clock.
An alliance generation algorithm based on modified particle swarm optimization for multiple emotional robots pursuit-evader problem

This paper researches the alliance generation algorithm with emotional factors on the basis of multiple robots pursuit-evader problem. Firstly, this paper constructs an emotional model for pursuit robots: we not only apply the basic emotion method to the emotional expression, but also simulate the process of emotional transfer with Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Secondly, we determine the cooperation intention according to the robots' emotional factors, so that we can prevent the robots with the negative emotions from involving in the mission in case of a negative impact on the alliance. Then, we introduce the subgroup size on the foundation of particle swarm optimization (PSO) to avoid the premature convergence problem, thus the algorithm can obtain the maximum profit in a relatively short period of time. Finally, we bring in the dynamic redistribution mechanism for a better pursuit efficiency.
SoMeRA 2014: social media retrieval and analysis workshop

The SoMeRA workshop targets cutting edge research from all fields of retrieval, recommendation, and browsing in social media, as well as the analysis of user's multifaceted traces therein. Submissions to the workshop cover a broad range of topics including multimedia retrieval and exploration, user-aware recommender systems, network analysis, event detection, and computational linguistics.
Semi-fragile watermark for sensor data

This paper proposes a novel semi-fragile watermarking technique for sensor data. The proposed watermarking technique embeds the secret watermark in the order of the data readings rather than the data values themselves, thus, does not cause distortion to the transmitted data values. Transmitted data readings are organised in groups of fixed length. The watermarking algorithm then reorders data readings relative to each other according to the value of the secret watermark. The proposed scheme tolerates minor changes that might be caused by channel error. In case of a single attack, the proposed technique can identify the victim element with high probability. The paper provides detailed security analysis to show the robustness of the proposed techniques against various types of attacks. Extensive experiments are performed to measure the attack detection and victim identification rate. The execution time of the watermark embedding and integrity check is also shown.