Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and interannual variability in grey seal diets on Sable Island, eastern Scotian Shelf

We studied seasonal and interannual variability in the diet of grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) using faecal samples collected from Sable Island, Nova Scotia between 1991 and 1998. More than 28,000 prey from at least 28 taxa were identified from 1,245 faecal samples collect mainly in spring, fall and winter. Sand lance ( Ammodytes dubius ) dominated the diet in all seasons and years, but the importance of this and other species varied over time. There was also evidence of seasonal and interannual variation in the size of prey consumed both within and among species. We compared diet composition with estimates of prey numbers and biomass from annual research trawl surveys conducted in March and July. Species-specific numerical corrections were applied to otolith counts to account for the complete digestion of otoliths, and fish catchability correction factors applied to trawl survey catches to account for trawl selectivity. Based on an odds ratio index of prey selectivity, grey seals positively selected sand lance in both seasons. Other species were either relatively avoided or eaten roughly in proportion to their estimated abundance.
Double Dissociation of Associative and Non-associative Learning following Conditioning to a Single Odorant in the Caenorhabditis elegans AWC Olfactory Neruons

Learning can be either non-associative or associative, though the molecular mechanisms underlying both remain enigmatic. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can adapt to both the AWC sensed odorants benzaldehyde (Bnz) and isoamyl alcohol (IsoA) and reciprocally crossadapt. Surprisingly, however, these four adaptation permutations actually represent two distinct forms of learning: non-associative habituation and associative learning by pairing with starvation. Conditioning to the single odorant IsoA leads to both associative and non-associative memory traces, which can be preferentially accessed by choice of a Bnz or IsoA retrieval stimulus, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the molecular mechanisms underlying each form of memory can be genetically double dissociated, with insulin signalling and egl-4 being required for associative learning and osm-9 and arr-1 being essential for IsoA olfactory habituation. This represents the first demonstration where the form of learning displayed after conditioning to a single stimulus is a function of the retrieval stimulus employed.
THE EFFECT OF SELECTED SPORT SURFACES ON VERTICAL LANDING FORCES IN JUMPING

Introduction: The jump for height has received much attention as an important element in many sport activities, but less attention is given to the impact of landing, which may result in injuries due to the large forces involved (Miller, 1976). Therefore, activities that involve landings are potentially more harmful to the joint when there is inefficient absorptive material within the shoes and/or the sport surface. Cavanagh and Lafortune (1980) found that vertical forces, with magnitudes 2.5 times those found in running, were generated when landing from a vertical jump. Nigg, Denoth and Neukomm (1981) reported a force of magnitude 3.5 times the body weight when landing from a vertical jump. Knowing the magnitude of the vertical reaction forces to human beings, when jumping on different sport surfaces, could assist surface manufacturers and shoe designers in producing products that will reduce impact and therefore reduce injuries.
The effects of implementing ISO 9001 in the Spanish construction industry

[EN] The ISO 9001 Standard – a quality assurance standard for products and services – is well established in the construction industry, which is one of the major industries in the world, including Spain. The objectives of this paper are, on the one hand, to analyse the results of adhering to this standard for construction companies in Spain, and on the other, to examine whether these results are affected by the size of the organization and the seniority of the certification. To this end, a questionnaire was sent to quality managers of 302 companies in the industry, and the responses of 126 valid questionnaires received were treated by descriptive analysis and ANOVA. From the answers gathered is concluded that obtaining the ISO 9001 certification has positive effects leading to benefits which are both “internal” and “external”. Some of the most significant internal benefits mentioned were improvements to the organisational processes, while among the external benefits, commercial aspects, such as better chances of competing on the market, were mentioned most frequently. It was also observed that the size of the organization does not significantly modify the positive effects of adherence to the standard, while the age of the certification itself, has a significant influence on the positive results of the adherence.
Mapping Yr28 and Other Genes for Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis West. , is an important constraint to wheat production in cool environments. With the purpose of identifying genes for resistance to the disease, a RFLP mapping population of recombinant inbred lines developed from a synthetic [Triticum turgidum L. x Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. ] x T. aestivum L. cv. 'Opata 85' cross was visually evaluated for seedling infection type in three greenhouse inoculation tests and for adult-plant disease severity in four field tests at Celaya and Toluca, Mexico. A previously unidentified gene from Ae. tauschii, designated as Yr28, was located on chromosome arm 4DS. Although Yr28 strongly influenced seedling resistance, it showed a strong effect in adult plants at only the warmer of the two field sites. A second gene showed high environmental sensitivity in seedling tests, with resistance associa0ted with Opata marker alleles near the adult-plant resistance (APR) gene Yr18 on chromosome arm 7DS. Gene Yr18, known to be present in Opata, strongly reduced disease response in field trials and was tightly linked with leaf-rust resistance gene Lr34. Three other regions from Opata on chromosome arms 3BS, 3DS, and 5DS were also associated with APR.
Disparities in Patient Navigation Resources in Appalachia

Background : The study was conducted in support of an R01-funded project, “Patterns of Patient Care in Appalachia”. Most counties within Appalachia are designated as medically underserved, have sparse health care resources and lack integrated care systems. This study determined the extent of geographical differences among American Cancer Society (ACS) patient navigation resources (navigator and/or cancer resource center) in Appalachia. Specifically, this study investigated if there were barriers to access to ACS patient navigation for cancer care in the Appalachia region of PA, KY, OH, and NC. Results : Of the cancer care centers and hospitals in the Appalachia region studied, (n=232), web-based data informed that facilities (n=186, 80.0%) did not have ACS patient navigation resources compared to Appalachia cancer care centers and hospitals with ACS PN services = 20%. KY had fewer ACS PN centers (5) compared to PA (20), with Pittsburgh (Allegheny county) containing a noticeable cluster of ACS PN facilities (N = 6 out of 18 total). KY also had the lowest rates (12.5%) of facilities with ACS patient navigators. North Carolina had the highest rate of facilities with ACS patient navigation services compared to OH, KY, and PA (32.2%). The proportion of facilities with ACS PN were proportionately less for facilities located in non-Metropolitan areas (15%) compared to those located in metropolitan areas (26%, chi-square p = 0.0339). Significance : Two overarching results were identified in this study. Firstly, a large number of cancer care centers in the Appalachian region do not have ACS patient navigator services which enable patients to gain individualized assistance, overcome barriers that hinder access to care and access to information about the illness and services available. Secondly, the lack of standards and curriculum for patient navigators indicates there is considerable variation in level of exposure for each patient navigator.
Adjunctive Antiplatelet Treatment in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Despite significant advances in the management of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction is still associated with high mortality. Thienopyridines and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been used extensively in the management of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Objective: This article discusses the evidence from clinical trials and registries concerning the benefits of thienopyridines, reviews the results of published multicenter, randomized controlled trials of the efficacy and safety of platelet GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and presents the recent guidelines. Methods: Data for this review were identified by broad searches of MEDLINE, Current Contents and references from relevant articles (1980-2011); numerous articles were identified through searches of the extensive files of the authors and selected based on their importance, oppurtunity for further reading and up to date information. Search terms included thienopyridines, platelet aggregation inhibitors, percutaneous coronary intervention, antiplatelet therapy, ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Only English language papers were reviewed. No restrictions were set on the type of papers. Results: Clopidogrel is the most commonly used thienopyridine in patients undergoing primary PCI. Recently new inhibitors of P2Y12 receptors, like prasugrel and ticagrelor, have become available, which have a more potent and rapid onset of action, with similar safety profile, which is specifically targeted to the subgroup of primary PCI. On the other hand, the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have aided and abetted medical management of acute coronary syndromes and proved an important adjunctive therapy in percutaneous coronary interventions. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, although not recommended for routine therapy, have an important role at the time of primary PCI, particularly in high-risk subgroups, like the diabetics and those with a heavy thrombotic burden. Conclusion: Clopidogrel remains the most used thienopyridine together with aspirin in patients undergoing primary PCI but there are currently available new inhibitors of P2Y12 receptors, like prasugrel and ticagrelor, which have a more potent and rapid onset of action, with similar safety profile. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, although not recommended for routine therapy, can be of use at the time of primary PCI, particularly in high-risk subgroups.
Types Of Intra-Organizational Networks And Upward Strategic Communication

This paper explores the relationships between intra-organizational networks and information flows using survey research from 137 business units of established Japanese firms. We focus specifically on the upward flow of strategic information from the middle and operational levels, and mainly examine the relationships between intra-organizational networks and upward information flow. The results reveal that an increase in the number of superiors who must be persuaded of an initiative.s merits is highly detrimental to strategic information flow within an organization, whereas support from superiors tends to increase information flow. Based on these results, we contend that the state of intra-organizational networks, especially those involving superiors, is a key factor in activating emergent strategies in a business organization.
Governing Climate Change Transnationally: Assessing the Evidence from a Database of Sixty Initiatives

With this paper we present an analysis of sixty transnational governance initiatives and assess the implications for our understanding of the roles of public and private actors, the legitimacy of governance ‘beyond’ the state, and the North–South dimensions of governing climate change. In the first part of the paper we examine the notion of transnational governance and its applicability in the climate change arena, reflecting on the history and emergence of transnational governance initiatives in this issue area and key areas of debate. In the second part of the paper we present the findings from the database and its analysis. Focusing on three core issues, the roles of public and private actors in governing transnationally, the functions that such initiatives perform, and the ways in which accountability for governing global environmental issues might be achieved, we suggest that significant distinctions are emerging in the universe of transnational climate governance which may have considerable implications for the governing of global environmental issues. In conclusion, we reflect on these findings and the subsequent consequences for the governance of climate change.
Effect Intellectual Capital (Value Added Intellectual Capital) to Market Value and Financial Performance of Banking Sector Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital to the market value and financial performance of companies with Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAICTM) . The Sample in this study were 16 banking companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2005-2009 by using purposive sampling method. The three components of the intellectual capital that is physical capital (VACA), human capital (VAHU), and structural capital (STVA) as independent variables. Market-to-book ratio as a proxy for market value and Return On Assets (ROA) as a proxy for financial performance of the company became the dependent variable. Testing panel data regression in this Added Intellectual Capital (VAICTM), namely physical capital (VACA) to the market value and there is influence from three components of Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAICTM) to the company's financial performance.
Gaits of Mammals and Turtles

Legged animals are walking robots whose designs have been optimized by millions of years of evolution by natural selection. Theoretical analyses of walking and running by animals may be equally applicable to robots, and the study of animals may generate ideas that are useful to roboticists. There are two large groups of legged animals, the arthropods (insects, crabs, spiders etc.) and the land vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). This review is concerned mainly with mammals, but also considers the turtles because the slowness of their walking raises a special problem. These relatively large animals seem more likely to present useful hints for robot design than the generally small arthropods. Mammals such as dogs and horses walk to go slowly, trot at intermediate speeds and gallop to go fast. Measurements of the oxygen consumption of horses show that each gait is the most economical of energy in the range of speeds in which it is use dl) . This paper asks why. An animal travelling steadily over level ground does very little net work, because frictional losses are small. However, its muscles do positive work at some stages of the stride and negative work (degrading mechanical energy to heat) at others. We will adopt the hypothesis that gaits have evolved to minimize the positive work required of the muscles. This may be over simple, because muscles use metabolic energy wherever they exert tension, even if they do not shorten and so do no work. The relationship between muscle force, work and metabolic energy cost is not fully understood2).
Effects of Salinity on Egg Development, Hatching and Larval Deformation in the Marble Goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus

: Marble go by Oxyeleotris marmoratus is an important aquaculture freshwater (FW) species in Southeast Asia. To improve hatching technique, eggs from a river population in Sabah, Malaysia were incubated in FW and seawater (SW) diluted to 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 psu, comparing hatching rates and larval deformation. Egg development, hatching rates, hatching periods, larval deformation and survival at 10 days after fertilization (dAF) were then compared in FW and 10 psu Sw. Salinities from FW to 15 psu SW were tolerated, with the highest hatching observed at 10 psu SW (60.0 ± 2.0%, mean ± SD). Significantly higher hatching rates and lower deformation rates were observed at 10 psu SW than in FW. In FW, embryonic developed at similar rate with 10 psu SW, but hatching was delayed and all larvae died by 10 dAF Peak of hatching in 10 psu SW observed in 48-60 hours after fertilization (hAF) (33.1 ± 5.6%) while hatching in FW was delayed and peaked 72-84 hAF (10.6 ± 3.4%). Larvae that hatched later had higher deformation rates. The eggs incubated in 10 psu SW had a shorter hatching period, higher hatching rate and better larval survival than those in FW.
Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Inorganic Nutritional Composition of Rice Seed from IRSSTN Genotypes in Iraq

The study aimed to determine the agronomic traits of two rice modules (IRSSTN 1 for a coastal salinity-wet season, and IRSSTN 2 for an inland salinity-coastal salinity-dry season) to select promising genotypes that have highest grain yields, early maturity, and stable under Al-mishkhab, Iraq environmental conditions by using inorganic and organic nutrition. The results showed that genotype IR72049-B-R-22-3-1-1 performed the best agronomic traits with late flowering (>130 days), shorter plant height, the highest ratio of seeds/panicle and grain yield compared to control, while genotype IR70023-4B-R-12-3-1 gave the highest panicle length and the highest number of panicle/m2. Significant differences were found at macronutrient (N, P, K, Na, Mg, and Ca) and micronutrient (Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu). ‘IRSSTN module 1’ genotypes showed superiority in P, Mg, and Cu and IRSSTN module 2 genotypes had superiority in N, Ca, and Cu. The simple correlation analysis shows that 6 genotypes of 2 sets of IRSSTN genotypes improved the nutritional quality of whole grain may be having a stable medium. It can be recommended to improve the new cultivars at a research station and producing good seed quality.
Three “other” diseases impacting avocado productivity in Australia

24 INTRODUCTION Phytophthora root rot is undoubtedly the single most important constraint to orchard productivity in Australia (and probably South Africa too). However, in recent years the industry in Australia has also faced significant tree deaths and/or yield reductions resulting from other fungal pathogens, viz. black root rot, brown root rot and branch dieback. The purpose of this article is to heighten awareness in the South African industry to these disease problems. Black root rot is a severe disease of young avocado trees caused by soilborne fungal pathogens in the Nectriaceae family (Dann et al., 2012; Ramírez Gil, 2013; Vitale et al., 2012). The most severe symptoms of black root rot include leaf wilt and chlorosis and rapid decline and death of young orchard transplants. Affected roots have distinct brown to black, sunken lesions. There have been several reports of fungi associated with avocado black root rot, however, there is considerable confusion with respect to taxonomy and nomenclature (names) of causal agents. Ilyonectria destructans associated with avocado was first reported by Joe Darvas (1978) and subsequently others as Cylindrocarpon destructans (Besoain and Piontelli, 1999; Ramírez Gil, 2013) and as Neonectria radicicola (Zilberstein et al., 2007). Species confirmed by pathogenicity tests as the cause of black root rot in avocado include Calonectria ilicicola in Australia (Dann et al., 2012), which also caused severe stunting, and Dactylonectria macrodi­ dyma (as Ilyonectria macrodidyma) in Italy (Vitale et al., 2012). Ilyonectria liriodendri, and an undescribed Gliocladiopsis sp. were not pathogenic to avocado seedlings in glasshouse pathogenicity tests (Dann et al., 2012). A clear understanding of the taxonomy and pathogenicity of these fungi is necessary for accurate diagnosis and management strategies. Brown root rot is caused by the basidiomycete fungus Phellinus noxius, and is characterised by rapid leaf wilting and tree death, with a fungal crust or “stocking” sometimes evident on the trunk (Dann et al., 2013). This fungus has an extremely wide host range amongst woody species in tropical and subtropical environments, and has been reported in many African countries including Cameroon, Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but not, Three “other” diseases impacting avocado productivity in Australia
Study of Unsteady Heat Transfer as a Key Parameter to Characterize Limit Cycle of High Amplitude Pressure Oscillations

The objective of the studies presented in this paper is the numerical prediction of unsteady heat flux and pressure fluctuations during the unstable regime of a combustor. The studied laboratory-scale lean partially premixed combustor was built in the LIMOUSINE project, to explore the mechanisms driving thermo-acoustic instabilities in conditions representative of gas turbine combustors.Due to the thermal interaction between hot gases and the colder liner wall, and also the correlation between gas temperature, density and speed of sound, prediction of the transient heat transfer rate is of high importance. In this paper analysis of transient heat transfer is conducted by coupling of fluid flow and solid body (liner) in one computational domain and thereby taking into account the thermal convection with the environment around the combustor and also the heat conduction transients within the liner. Conjugate heat transfer modeling can give access to the transient temperature distribution in the structure of the combustor which is important for the dynamic heat storage. Also this can be used to estimate the thermal stresses and creep strain as required to evaluate the lifetime assessment of the combustor. In this work the commercial CFD code ANSYS CFX is used to solve the problem, in which fluid and solid regions are solved simultaneously with a finite volume approach. In the fluid region, three dimensional compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved, while for the solid region only the enthalpy conservation equation is solved. To remove any interpolation errors, in all cases the skin (interface) mesh cells for both the fluid and solid are similar in resolution on either side of the interface. By comparing heat release and pressure data available from the measurements it follows that this simulation can give more accurate prediction of the amplitudes of thermoacoustic instabilities as compared to the solution with imposed thermal boundary conditions (such as isothermal). In the latter case the time history of heat accumulation in the solid is predicted incorrectly. Because the spatial scales of the solid temperature profiles are different in case of steady state or transient oscillatory heat transfer, care has to be taken in the meshing in these two situations. When meshing for a transient oscillatory heat transfer case, the solid mesh resolution needs to be adapted to the thermal penetration depth of the surface temperature oscillations. Hence for the transient heat transfer in limit cycle combustion oscillations, the meshing strategy and size of the grid in the solid part of the domain will play a very important role in determining the magnitude for the pressure fluctuations.Copyright © 2014 by ASME