Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morbidity and mortality associated with large‐bore percutaneous venovenous bypass cannulation for 312 orthotopic liver transplantations

The aim of this study is to establish the incidence of serious morbidity and mortality associated with the placement of large‐bore (18 to 20 F) percutaneous bypass cannulae for venovenous bypass (VVBP) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This technique has been reported to be rapid, simple, and safe. We reviewed the case notes of 312 patients who underwent OLT in our center using this technique. We describe 4 cases of serious morbidity (incidence, 1.28%) and 1 death (incidence, 0.32%) related directly to percutaneous placement of the bypass cannula. We conclude that percutaneous cannula placement for VVBP during OLT has the potential for life‐threatening complications, and this must be considered when electing to use this technique. When percutaneous cannulae are to be used, we recommend the use of the right internal jugular vein for return cannulation and the use of ultrasound guidance, particularly in those patients in whom cannulation is predictably difficult.
Patient reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions: a review of published literature and international experience.

AIMS To synthesize data from published studies and international experience to identify evidence of potential benefits and drawbacks of direct patient reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by patients. METHODS Structured search of MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO supplemented by internet searches and requests for information to key contacts. RESULTS Seven studies (eight papers) were included in the review. None of the studies concerned spontaneous reporting by patients. Information on patient reporting systems was obtained for six countries, with summary data reported by four. Patient reports identified possible new ADRs that had not previously been reported by health professionals. The quality of patient reports appears to be similar to that of health professional reports. There is some evidence that patients report an ADR when they consider their health professional has not paid attention to their concerns. Patient reports may, at least initially, be more time consuming to process. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the evidence indicates that patient reporting of suspected ADRs has more potential benefits than drawbacks. Evaluation of patient reporting systems is needed to provide further evidence.
Distribution of noncollagenous proteins in the matrix of adult human bone: Evidence of anatomic and functional heterogeneity

The microanatomic distribution of several noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) in bone matrix was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of glycol‐methyl methacrylate‐embedded normal adult human bone biopsies. Osteopontin and bone sialoprotein stained throughout the lamellae of both trabecular and cortical bone. Cement lines (cortical and trabecular) and the mineralized matrix immediately adjacent to each Haversian canal were intensely stained. Osteocalcin was detected in cement lines; however, lamellar staining varied depending on the location within the individual unit of bone. In cortical bone, the inner concentric lamellae of osteons were often unstained but the outer lamellae were heavily stained for osteocalcin. Osteonectin was not detected in cement lines and in most specimens revealed a pattern similar to that of osteocalcin with respect to the absence of immunostaining within the inner concentric lamellae. Decorin was prominent in the perilacunar matrix, the canaliculi of osteocytes, and the matrix immediately adjacent to quiescent Haversian canals. Biglycan appeared evenly distributed throughout cortical and trabecular bone matrix. These results suggest that the incorporation of NCPs into matrix may vary depending on the stage of formation of individual bone units. The specific distribution and spatial relationship of these NCPs may be related to the function of each protein during bone resorption and formation. The distinct patterns of NCP localization in bone support the hypothesis that in addition to their structural and mineral‐inducing properties, these proteins may influence the events associated with bone remodeling, such as recruitment, attachment, differentiation, and activity of bone cells.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ASPECTS OF CULTURE, PERSONALITY, AND PUBLIC-PRIVATE RELATIONSHIP ON CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA

The history of corruption in Indonesia is marked by reforms in handling corruption cases. However, these reforms will not succeed if the culture that drives corruption is still maintained. A low level of trust can increase corruption, because it does not encourage good cooperation between the community and the government. Geographical and historical aspects correlate with the level of corruption. Therefore, certain former colonies also correlate with the level of corruption. Personality is a character owned by a person and is integrated in a unique unit, so that the person can modify and determine the adjustment. This can be seen from the high number of officials in developed countries who resigned after being suspected of being involved in corruption cases. Corruption reduces the performance of institutions in the democratic order, suppresses economic growth, exacerbates the income gap, and causes government instability. Therefore, aspects of culture, personality, and public-private relationship are directly proportional to the occurrence of corruption in Indonesia.
DPN‐DEPENDENT ENZYMES IN SERUM *

The significance of enzymes in cellular metabolism is well known; the specific enzyme pattern of different tissues is the basis of their physiological function. However, we know little about the enzymes in serum or their physiological importance. In recent years it has been found that normal human serum contains a number of enzymes that are part of the reaction sequences of cellular metabolic processes such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and transaminase systems. The classic spectrophotometric methods developed by Warburg' permit us, under various physiological and/or pathological conditions, to detect the following enzymes among others in human serum :2-6 lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase. I n normal serum the enzymes found are functioiially inactive because of a lack of coenzymes. Under pathological conditions some enzymes can be found in pleural exudate, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and in other body fluids.j. Under normal conditions LDH and hlDH have been found to be about 3 to 10 times as high in activity as the others mentioned above. Both of these enzymes, as representatives of the diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) dependent enLymes, attracted our special attention. I t i s the purpose of this paper to present data concerning their properties and to discuss their physiological functions.
Remifentanil Versus Alfentanil: Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Healthy Adult Male Volunteers

Background Remifentanil is an esterase-metabolized opioid with a rapid clearance. The aim of this study was to contrast the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil and alfentanil in healthy, adult male volunteers. Methods Ten volunteers received infusions of remifentanil and alfentanil on separate study sessions using a randomized, open-label crossover design. Arterial blood samples were analyzed to determine drug blood concentrations. The electroencephalogram was employed as the measure of drug effect. The pharmacokinetics were characterized using a moment analysis, a nonlinear mixed effects model (NONMEM) population analysis, and context-sensitive half-time computer simulations. After processing the raw electroencephalogram to obtain the spectral edge parameter, the pharmacodynamics were characterized using an effect compartment, inhibitory maximum effect model. Results Pharmacokinetically, the two drugs are similar in terms of steady-state distribution volume (VDss), but remifentanil's central clearance (CLc) is substantially greater. The NONMEM analysis population pharmacokinetic parameters for remifentanil include a CLc of 2.9 l *symbol* min sup -1, a VDss of 21.81, and a terminal half-life of 35.1 min. Corresponding NONMEM parameters for alfentanil are 0.36 l *symbol* min sup -1, 34.11, and 94.5 min. Pharmacodynamically, the drugs are similar in terms of the time required for equilibration between blood and the effect-site concentrations, as evidenced by a T12 Ke0 for remifentanil of 1.6 min and 0.96 min for alfentanil. However, remifentanil is 19 times more potent than alfentanil, with an effective concentration for 50% maximal effect of 19.9 ng *symbol* ml sup -1 versus 375.9 ng *symbol* ml sup -1 for alfentanil. Conclusions Compared to alfentanil, the high clearance of remifentanil, combined with its small steady-state distribution volume, results in a rapid decline in blood concentration after termination of an infusion. With the exception of remifentanil's nearly 20-times greater potency (30-times if alfentanil partitioning between whole blood and plasma is considered), the drugs are pharmacodynamically similar.
Comparative hepatic microsomal biotransformation of selected PBDEs, including decabromodiphenyl ether, and decabromodiphenyl ethane flame retardants in Arctic marine‐feeding mammals

The present study assessed and compared the oxidative and reductive biotransformation of brominated flame retardants, including established polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and emerging decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) using an in vitro system based on liver microsomes from various arctic marine‐feeding mammals: polar bear (Ursus maritimus), beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), and ringed seal (Pusa hispida), and in laboratory rat as a mammalian model species. Greater depletion of fully brominated BDE209 (14–25% of 30 pmol) and DBDPE (44–74% of 90 pmol) occurred in individuals from all species relative to depletion of lower brominated PBDEs (BDEs 99, 100, and 154; 0–3% of 30 pmol). No evidence of simply debrominated metabolites was observed. Investigation of phenolic metabolites in rat and polar bear revealed formation of two phenolic, likely multiply debrominated, DBDPE metabolites in polar bear and one phenolic BDE154 metabolite in polar bear and rat microsomes. For BDE209 and DBDPE, observed metabolite concentrations were low to nondetectable, despite substantial parent depletion. These findings suggested possible underestimation of the ecosystem burden of total‐BDE209, as well as its transformation products, and a need for research to identify and characterize the persistence and toxicity of major BDE209 metabolites. Similar cause for concern may exist regarding DBDPE, given similarities of physicochemical and environmental behavior to BDE209, current evidence of biotransformation, and increasing use of DBDPE as a replacement for BDE209. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1506–1514. © 2011 SETAC
Reducing Losses Due to Fringing Flux in an Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine

This paper deals with iron losses caused by fringing fluxes generated by the concentrated stator windings of an axial-flux permanent-magnet synchronous machine. Fringing fluxes enter the laminated stator stack perpendicularly to the plane of the laminated silicon steel sheets. They cause additional eddy currents and losses in the sheets. Three approaches for reducing these losses are compared experimentally with a dedicated setup. The setup has no moving parts and makes accurate iron loss measurement possible. The first method directly restricts the eddy-current losses by segmenting the lamination surface. The second method deflects the fringing flux by using soft magnetic composite. The third method magnetically short circuits the fringing flux using ferromagnetic wires. The first method gives the best results, with a reduction of 6% of the total iron loss at an induction level of 0.6 T and a frequency of 200 Hz.
Expression of the mitotic checkpoint gene MAD2L2 has prognostic significance in colon cancer

Aneuploidy and genetic instability are a hallmark of colorectal cancer and other solid tumors, and they are thought to enhance tumor progression. The gene MAD2L2 (mitotic arrest deficient 2‐like 2) encodes the spindle checkpoint protein MAD2L2 (or MAD2B), a key component of a surveillance system that delays anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly oriented. Defects in this mitotic checkpoint are known to contribute to genetic instability, i.e., numerical and structural aberrations of chromosomes. We have previously identified MAD2L2 as significantly upregulated in locally restricted colorectal tumors by gene expression profiling. So far, MAD2L2 has not been reported to play a major role in human cancer in contrast to its homologue MAD2. To address this question, 118 histologically confirmed colorectal lesions were analyzed by quantitative real‐time PCR for expression of MAD2L2, and compared to normal colon tissue from 11 patients. Twenty‐five out of 118 tumor samples (21%) showed MAD2L2 overexpression of 3‐fold or more compared to normal colon, and the fraction of overexpressing tumors increased with tumor stage. Correspondingly, protein levels of MAD2L2 were found to be significantly upregulated in tumors as compared to matched normal tissue. Tumors with upregulated MAD2L2 expression had significantly higher numbers of aberrant mitotic figures (anaphase bridges), an indication of chromosomal instability. Elevated expression of MAD2L2 was significantly correlated with reduced patient survival. By multivariate analysis, MAD2L2 expression was retained as an independent prognostic parameter for patient survival. Thus, our results demonstrate that overexpression of MAD2L2 correlates with bad prognosis in colorectal cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The WT1 Wilms tumor gene product: a developmentally regulated transcription factor in the kidney that functions as a tumor suppressor

Alteration of transcription factor function is becoming a common theme in molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis. A recent example of this trend is the isolation and characterization of the chromosome 11p13 Wilms tumor suppressor gene, WT1. The WT1 protein contains a DNA binding domain consisting of four zinc fingers of the Cys2‐His2 class and a proline‐glutamine rich region capable of regulating transcription. Deletions of the WT1 gene or point mutations which destroy the DNA binding activity of the protein are associated with the development of the pediatric nephroblastoma Wilms tumor and Denys‐Drash syndrome. This article reviews the role of WT1 in normal kidney development processes, the known biochemical functions of the protein and the status of identifying target genes regulated by this potentially oncogenic transcription factor. —Rauscher, F. J., III. The WT1 Wilms tumor gene product: a developmentally regulated transcription factor in the kidney that functions as a tumor suppressor. FASEB J. 7: 896‐903; 1993.
Travel agents as market mavens: An empirical study on travel agencies in Izmir

Despite the developments in computer-mediated communication after the advent of the Internet, traditional word-of-mouth (WOM) marketing is still influential on consumers’ buying decision processes. As one of the WOM influencer groups, market mavens are information providers who affect buying decision of other consumers with their product knowledge and marketplace expertise. The purpose of the study is to examine whether front-line employees working at travel agencies are market mavens or not. A survey of 120 travel agency employees was conducted using a structured questionnaire including open-ended questions as well. Descriptive statistics, parallel test, minimum average partial test, exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-test, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 24.0 software. The conclusion of the study revealed that the front line employees in travel agencies had a tendency to give recommendations and share information as market mavens.
Performance Evaluation of Large Capacity Ultra-Compact Waveband Cross-Connect

We introduce and demonstrate an ultra-compact 5×5 waveband cross-connect module that can process 80 channels (50-GHz spacing) per fiber; it combines 50-100-GHz interleavers and two 5 × 5 waveband cross-connect (WBXC) modules with 100-GHz channel spacing that are staggered by 50 GHz. The interleavers have a nearly rectangular spectral shape so that this scheme minimizes the spectrum narrowing effect. Our proposed 50-GHz spaced waveband cross-connect holds the 3 dB bandwidth of 86% of the component WBXC module that is designed for 100-GHz spaced channels. This architecture yields very small size WBXCs that provide wide passband and sharp cutoff. Its routing capability and transmission characteristics are also confirmed.
Functional regulation of HIF‐1α under normoxia—is there more than post‐translational regulation?

The hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) is an oxygen‐regulated transcriptional activator playing a pivotal role in mammalian physiology and disease pathogenesis, e.g., HIF‐1 is indispensable in a broad range of developmental stages in different tumors. Its post‐translational regulation via PHDs under the influence of hypoxia is widely investigated and accepted. Different non‐hypoxic stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), thrombin, and angiotensin II (Ang II), have been proven to enhance HIF‐1 levels through activation of regulative mechanisms distinct from protein stabilization. Some of these stimuli specifically regulate HIF‐1α at the transcriptional, post‐transcriptional, or translational level, whereas others additionally influence post‐translational modifications. Thus, it is difficult for the investigators to discern the impact of the different mechanisms leading to functional HIF‐1 protein. Nevertheless, profound knowledge of additional regulatory networks appears to depict new therapeutic opportunities and thus is an interesting and important field for further investigations. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 514–524, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphorus in prebiotic chemistry

The prebiotic synthesis of phosphorus-containing compounds—such as nucleotides and polynucleotides—would require both a geologically plausible source of the element and pathways for its incorporation into chemical systems on the primitive Earth. The mineral apatite, which is the only significant source of phosphate on Earth, has long been thought to be problematical in this respect due to its low solubility and reactivity. However, in the last decade or so, at least two pathways have been demonstrated which would circumvent these perceived problems. In addition, recent results would seem to suggest an additional, extraterrestrial source of reactive phosphorus. It appears that the ‘phosphorus problem’ is no longer the stumbling block which it was once thought to be.
Entorno de Código Móvil Seguro

En este trabajo se presenta la ĺinea Codigo Movil Seguro del grupo de investigacion “Procesadores de Lenguajes” del Departamento de Computacion de la Universidad Nacional de Ŕio Cuarto. Se presenta una tecnica para garantizar codigo movil seguro, denominada ProofCarrying Code based on Static Analysis (PCC-SA), cuya principal ventaja es que el tamano de las pruebas generadas es lineal respecto a la longitud de los programas. A fin de demostrar la aplicabilidad de esta tecnica, se han implementado prototipos de un compilador certificante y un verificador de codigo basados en ella. En este trabajo tambien se presentan nuevas lineas de trabajo iniciadas, entre las cuales se destacan la extension del prototipo de compilador certificante, la paralelizacion de PCC-SA y un modelo de seguridad para programas concurrentes.
Design and development of hydrogel nanoparticles for mercaptopurine

Hydrogel nanoparticles have gained attention in recent years as they demonstrate the features and characters of hydrogels and nanoparticles at the same time. In the present study chitosan and carrageenan have been used, as hydrogel nanoparticles of mercaptopurine are developed using natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymers like chitosan and carrageenan. As these polymers are hydrophilic in nature, the particles will have a long life span in systemic circulation. Hydrogel nanoparticles with mercaptopurine is form an antileukemia drug by the counter polymer gelation method. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) studies have shown a compatibility of polymers with the drug. The diameter of hydrogel nanoparticles was about 370 – 800 nm with a positive zeta potential of 26 – 30 mV. The hydrogel nanoparticles were almost spherical in shape, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drug loading varied from 9 to 17%. Mercaptopurine released from the nanoparticles at the end of the twenty-fourth hour was about 69.48 – 76.52% at pH 7.4. The drug release from the formulation was following zero order kinetics, which was evident from the release kinetic studies and the mechanism of drug release was anomalous diffusion, which indicated that the drug release was controlled by more than one process.
Implementing technology roadmapping with supplier selection for semiconductor manufacturing companies

The rapid pace of technological innovation in the semiconductor manufacturing industry has necessitated the acquisition of competitive advantage from strategic technology planning. The vital requisite for this is well-timed investment including the replacement of old equipment with advanced new equipment. In such investment, selecting the appropriate semiconductor manufacturing equipment from the appropriate supplier is a key factor for successful technology planning. Therefore, equipment supplier selection should be taken into account in the technology planning of semiconductor manufacturing companies. One of the most widely used tools for technology planning is the technology roadmap (TRM). However, conventional TRMs have not considered the task of supplier selection. To address this limitation, this study proposes an extended, four-layered TRM that adds the layer of equipment supplier to the conventional layers of market, product, and technology. The equipment suppliers to be included in the new layer are selected from the supplier portfolio matrix composed of two performance axes: supplier performance and equipment performance. The candidates of equipment suppliers are placed on the supplier portfolio matrix according to the values of two axes determined by evaluation using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed TRM is expected to be useful for technology planning by adding a consideration for equipment supplier selection in semiconductor manufacturing companies.