Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary diagnosis and REAL/WHO classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma by fine‐needle aspiration: Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic approach

The Revised European American lymphoma (REAL) and World Health Organization (WHO) classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) relies on the constellation of cytologic, phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characteristics of NHL. For the most part, the classification does not rely on architectural pattern for classification of neoplasms. This classification makes it possible to diagnose and classify lymphomas by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). In this study, we attempted to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in diagnosing and classifying NHL within the context of the REAL/WHO classifications. Cases included only those in which FNA was the primary diagnosis, followed by a surgical biopsy for confirmation. Flow cytometry (FCM) for phenotyping was carried out whenever material was available. Two groups of pathologists were identified. Group A consisted of pathologists with background training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (three pathologists). Group B consisted of experienced surgical pathologists with no training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (four pathologists). Seventy‐four cases were included in the study. FCM phenotyping was performed in 53 cases (71%). Large cell lymphoma constituted 63% of the cases. The remaining lymphomas included Burkitt's, small lymphocytic, lymphoblastic, follicle center cell, Ki‐1, mantle cell, marginal zone, and natural killer cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of lymphoma was rendered for all cases. The correct classification was seen in 63% of the cases. Classification was more accurate in immunophenotyped than in nonimmunophenotyped cases (84% vs 33%; P = 0.00004). Group A pathologists showed higher incidence of proper classification than group B (80% vs 56%; P = 0.046). The diagnosis and classification of NHL can be achieved in a large number of cases on FNA material. This accuracy can be increased if cytomorphologic criteria are established for different entities of NHL aided by FCM for phenotyping. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:191–195. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photonic Crystal Point-Shift Nanolasers With and Without Nanoslots—Design, Fabrication, Lasing, and Sensing Characteristics

GaInAsP photonic crystal point-shift nanolasers operate at room temperature under pulsed and continuous-wave condition by photopumping with an effective threshold of ~1 μW, a single-mode peak of over 40 dB, and a small modal volume of ~0.2 times the cubic wavelength. We report the details of its design, fabrication process, measurement method, and lasing characteristics. In particular, we reveal that wide spectral broadening often observed for nanolasers under pulsed condition is caused by large thermal chirping. Then, we focus on a nanolaser-based liquid index sensor that is also applicable to detecting gases and biomolecules. The dependence of the laser's sensitivity and resolution on the modal profile and spectral linewidth are investigated. We also configure the laser in a large-scale array and demonstrate spectrometer-free sensor system. Finally, we present a nanoslot (NS) nanolaser that is particularly suitable for further reducing the modal volume and enhancing light-matter interaction and sensor performance. Additionally, we demonstrate the high sensitivity and spectral narrowing by the unique optical confinement in the NS.
A Scaling-Less Newton–Raphson Pipelined Implementation for a Fixed-Point Reciprocal Operator

The reciprocal is a widespread operation in digital signal processing architectures. A usual method consists in using the Newton–Raphson algorithm or its derivatives, either in floating or in fixed-point formats. With the former format, the standardized format of the mantissa makes the implementation easier, but for the fixed-point format there are many possibilities. This forces a design with scaling of the input in order to respect a predetermined work range. Having the input in a known range makes it possible to compute a first approximation with coefficients stored in memory blocks. With this method, it is hard to propose a “ready to use” IP for all the fixed-point formats. In this letter, a novel architecture, which does not require scaling, is proposed. This design is totally pipelined, ROM-less and can be directly used in any architecture. The implementation was optimized to reach a maximum clock frequency of 740 MHz on a Virtex-7 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Outcomes of donation after circulatory death kidneys undergoing hypothermic machine perfusion following static cold storage: A UK population‐based cohort study

Evidence is currently lacking regarding the outcomes of kidneys undergoing hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in patients in the United Kingdom. Using the National Health Service Blood and Transplant database, the authors compared outcomes for recipients of single‐organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys preserved with HMP with those preserved using only static cold storage (SCS). Between 2007 and 2015, HMP was used in 19.1% (864/4,529) of kidneys. Rates of delayed graft function (DGF) were significantly lower in organs preserved with HMP than for organs preserved with SCS (34.2% vs 42.0%, P < .001), despite a slightly longer cold ischemic time (median: 14.8 vs 14.1 hours, P < .001). Multivariable analysis found the effect of preservation modality to remain significant, with HMP organs having a significantly lower rate of DGF (odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.53‐0.80, P < .001) and significantly shorter times to DGF resolution (average: 6.1 vs 7.4 days, P = .003) than SCS organs. The patient (P = .313) and graft (P = .263) survival rates were similar in the 2 preservation groups. HMP was associated with a marginal functional benefit in 1‐year creatinine values (P = .044), with adjusted averages of 1.36 mg/dL (HMP) versus 1.40 mg/dL (SCS). This study supports the use of HMP and aids decision‐making over its instigation, which may improve short‐term patient outcomes.
Adaption of the profitability estimation focused on benefits due to personal affection

Strategic investment decisions are characterized by high innovation potential and long term effects on the competitiveness of enterprises. Due to uncertainty and risk in this complex decision-making situation, the need for well-structured support activities arises. A method that considers cost and the long-term added value is the cost-benefit effectiveness estimation. One of those methods is the “profitability estimation focused on benefits – PEFB”-method (trans. Savelsberg 2008) developed at the institute of management cybernetics at RWTH Aachen University in 2000, by weyDanDT in the course of his PhD. This method copes with the challenge of strategic investment decision by integrating long term non-monetary aspects as well as by mapping the chronological sequence of an investment within the organisation ́s target system. For that reason, this method is characterised as a holistic approach for the evaluation of costs and benefits of an investment. In applying this participation-oriented method in business environment, the overall interdisciplinary investment teams were formed by more than 500 participants. Due to feedback of these participants within accomplished assessments, a survey with 110 participants was conducted focussing on the statements of verbal probability. The results of the survey identified a structural deficit in the conception of the methodology regarding the estimation of probabilities due to personal affection. This paper describes the well-structured PEFB-method to reduce risk and uncertainty in decision making progress. Moreover, the results of the survey concerning the bias due to personal affection within the evaluation process are 1 Institute for Management Cybernetics e.V. assoc. Institute of RWTH Aachen University E-mails: stephan.printz@ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de, rene.vossen@ima-zlw-ifu.rwthaachen.de, sabina.jeschke@ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de http://dx.doi. org/10.14195/978-989-26-1039-9_11 250 addressed. Finally, to achieve more accurate PEFB-method results, recommendations for an adaption of the PEFB are given.
Antigen-induced differential gene expression in lymphocytes and gene expression profile in synovium prior to the onset of arthritis

To explore early signature genes playing critical roles in the initial steps in an autoimmune murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis; PGIA), we performed gene expression profiling of “arthritogenic” spleen cells stimulated with cartilage PG, and compared them to differentially expressed genes, identified in joints prior to the onset of arthritis, and then in the acute and chronic phases of the disease. A total of 280 genes were up-regulated and 226 genes were suppressed in in vitro PG-stimulated lymphocytes at a minimum of 2-fold expression change. Functional gene classification identified several major clusters of biological activity. Expression of immunoglobulin genes (66 transcripts) was downregulated by ∼3.7-fold, whereas most of the other genes with immune/inflammation-associated functions such as interleukins (IL-1, -2, -4, -6, -10, -12, -16, -17), chemokine receptors and their ligands (Cxcl1, Ccl2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, Ccr2, Ccr5), and major components of the complement cascade were upregulated. Using adoptive disease transfer with stimulated lymphocytes into SCID mice, followed by gene expression profiling of SCID paws, indicated that 37 genes were differentially expressed in yet non-inflamed (pre-arthritic) paws; these genes were related mostly to chemokine, IFN-γ and TNF-α signaling. However, the majority of differentially expressed immune response-related genes were silent in pre-arthritic joints, and only 12 genes were found differentially expressed both in antigen (PG)-stimulated lymphocytes and in the synovium prior to the onset of arthritis. Most of these “arthritis-initiation” genes belonged to chemokine mediated cell motility. Transcripts of chemokine receptor 5 (Ccr5), chemokine ligand 7 (Ccl7) and IFN-γ-inducible proteins (Ifi47) and GTP-ase 1 were expressed at the highest levels in both antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and pre-inflamed synovium, which suggests a key role of these genes in both lymphocyte maturation and arthritis initiation.
Cultural Capital in Dazhai and Its Reproduction under the Backdrop of Tourism Development

Dazhai Village,Xiyang County of Shanxi Province has traversed from brilliance to decay and achieved "second enterprising" from the sixties of the 20th century up to now.In 1993,the local government began to develop tourism on a large scale.In order to explore the cultural vicissitude in Dazhai after tourism development,after nearly three months of field investigation,the author tries to use Bourkieu's theory of cultural reproduction as framework for the analysis.Starting from the formation of cultural capital and based on its three forms,he makes an analysis of the reproductive mechanism of cultural capital in Dazhai from four dimensions;namely;the transition of economic structure,power intervention,the inter-generational transfer of capital and the tactics of capital conversion.
Biosynthesis, Localization, and Macromolecular Arrangement of the Plasmodium falciparum Translocon of Exported Proteins (PTEX)*

Background: To survive, Plasmodium falciparum parasites export proteins into their host cell. Results: We have characterized the localization, synthesis, and macromolecular-arrangement of the protein export machinery in Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusion: This machinery is carried into the host-cell and is present as a large macromolecular complex. Significance: These data fill current gaps in the field relating to the biochemical nature of Plasmodium falciparum protein export. To survive within its host erythrocyte, Plasmodium falciparum must export hundreds of proteins across both its parasite plasma membrane and surrounding parasitophorous vacuole membrane, most of which are likely to use a protein complex known as PTEX (Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins). PTEX is a putative protein trafficking machinery responsible for the export of hundreds of proteins across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and into the human host cell. Five proteins are known to comprise the PTEX complex, and in this study, three of the major stoichiometric components are investigated including HSP101 (a AAA+ ATPase), a protein of no known function termed PTEX150, and the apparent membrane component EXP2. We show that these proteins are synthesized in the preceding schizont stage (PTEX150 and HSP101) or even earlier in the life cycle (EXP2), and before invasion these components reside within the dense granules of invasive merozoites. From these apical organelles, the protein complex is released into the host cell where it resides with little turnover in the parasitophorous vacuole membrane for most of the remainder of the following cell cycle. At this membrane, PTEX is arranged in a stable macromolecular complex of >1230 kDa that includes an ∼600-kDa apparently homo-oligomeric complex of EXP2 that can be separated from the remainder of the PTEX complex using non-ionic detergents. Two different biochemical methods undertaken here suggest that PTEX components associate as EXP2-PTEX150-HSP101, with EXP2 associating with the vacuolar membrane. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that EXP2 oligomerizes and potentially forms the putative membrane-spanning pore to which the remainder of the PTEX complex is attached.
A Ripple-Based Design-Oriented Approach for Predicting Fast-Scale Instability in DC–DC Switching Power Supplies

This paper presents a design-oriented analytical approach for predicting fast-scale instability in power electronics converters under voltage-mode control strategy. This approach is based on the use of the ripple amplitude of the feedback control voltage as an index for predicting subharmonic oscillations in these systems. First, the work revisits the stability analysis technique based on the nonlinear discrete-time model, demonstrating that the ripple amplitude can be included within the expression of the Jacobian matrix of this model, hence giving a mathematical support to extend the ripple index to more complex topologies. A simple but representative buck converter under voltage-mode control is used to illustrate the approach. Using the ripple-based index, closed-form expressions of stability boundaries are derived. Unlike other available results obtained from existing methods, the stability boundary, in this work is expressed analytically in terms of both power stage and controller design parameters. Moreover, one can determine how these parameters are involved in the closed form expressions and, furthermore, how each parameter affects the stability of the system. The approach is validated by numerical simulations from the state equations and also experimentally within a wide range of the design parameter space.
Urinary angiotensinogen excretion is associated with blood pressure in obese young adults

Abstract Intrarenal RAS has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. It was recently reported that urinary angiotensinogen excretion levels are associated with intrarenal RAS. However, few markers predicting intrarenal RAS have been investigated in obese young subjects. The present study evaluated the association between blood pressure and intrarenal RAS activity, inflammation and oxidative stress in obese young adults. Urinary angiotensinogen excretion and urinary monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and urinary thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) as markers of intrarenal RAS activity, inflammation, and oxidative stress, respectively, were determined from morning urine of 111 young male adults. Participants were divided into two groups based on the body mass index (BMI). Natural log-transformed urinary angiotensinogen excretion level was significantly associated with blood pressure, MCP-1 excretion, and TBARS excretion elevation in the obese group (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Multivariable analyses showed that every 1 standard deviation increase in natural-log transformed urinary angiotensinogen and MCP-1 excretion, but not TBARS excretion level was associated with elevated blood pressure in the obese group. These results indicate that urinary angiotensinogen and MCP-1 excretion were associated with blood pressure elevation in this population of obese young adults. It suggested that inappropriate RAS activity and inflammation precedes hypertension in obese young subjects and urinary angiotensinogen could be a screening maker for hypertension in young obese subjects.
Sensitive PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay for Detection and Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Human Feces

ABSTRACT An assay that uses heminested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for the detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis on the basis of polymorphism in the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene was developed. This assay was evaluated with DNA extracted from purified parasite material, bacterial cultures, whole human feces containing G. duodenalis and other parasites, and their corresponding immunofluorescence-stained fecal smears on glass microscope slides. The assay was specific and discriminated between G. duodenalis assemblages A and B. RFLP analysis further distinguished two groups (designated groups I and II) within assemblage A. Among 35 DNA samples extracted from whole feces from patients with confirmed sporadic giardiasis, the tpi gene was amplified from 33 (94%). Of these, nine (27%) samples contained assemblage A group II, 21 (64%) contained assemblage B, and 3 (9%) contained a mixture of assemblage A group II and assemblage B. The tpi gene of G. duodenalis assemblage B was amplified from 21 of 24 (88%) DNA samples extracted from whole feces from patients with confirmed cases of infection in a nursery outbreak. No amplification was detected from the remaining three DNA samples. Overall, analysis of DNA extracted from material recovered from stained microscope slides identified identical G. duodenalis genotypes in 35 (65%) of the 54 samples for which a genotype was established with DNA from whole feces. The heminested PCR method developed is sensitive, simple, and rapid to perform and is applicable for the analysis of other intestinal pathogens.
Mechanical Stimulation of Tissue Repair in the Hydraulic Bone Chamber

A hydraulically activated bone chamber model was utilized to investigate cellular and microstructural mechanisms of mechanical adaptation during bone repair. Woven trabecular bone and fibrotic granulation tissue filled the initially empty chambers by 8 weeks postimplantation into canine tibial and femoral metaphyses. Without mechanical stimulation, active bone remodeling to lamellar trabecular bone and reconstitution of marrow elements were observed between 8 and 24 weeks. In subsequent loading studies, the hydraulic mechanism was activated on one randomly chosen side of 10 dogs following 8 weeks of undisturbed bone repair. The loading treatment applied an intermittent compressive force (18 N, 1.0 Hz, 1800 cycles/day) for durations of a few days up to 12 weeks. Stereological analysis of three‐dimensional microcomputed tomography images revealed an increase in trabecular plate thickness and connectivity associated with the loaded repair tissue microstructure relative to unloaded contralateral controls. These microstructural alterations corresponded to an over 600% increase in the apparent modulus of the loaded bone tissue. A significant increase in the percentage of trabecular surfaces lined by osteoblasts immunopositive for type I procollagen after a few days of loading provided further evidence for mechanical stimulation of bone matrix synthesis. The local principal tissue strains associated with these adaptive changes were estimated to range from approximately −2000 to +3000 μstrain using digital image‐based finite element methods. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of bone tissue and cells to a controlled in vivo mechanical stimulus and identifies microstructural mechanisms of mechanical adaptation during bone repair. The hydraulic bone chamber is introduced as an efficient experimental model to study the effects of mechanical and biological factors on bone repair and regeneration.
Differences between niche cells and limbal stromal cells in maintenance of corneal limbal stem cells.

PURPOSE To investigate the differing characteristics of limbal niche cells (LNCs) and limbal stromal cells (LSCs) in the maintenance of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells in the cornea. METHODS Limbal niche cells were obtained from direct dissection of the human corneal limbus, and LSCs were obtained from explant cultures of limbal stromal tissues under the same culture conditions. The resulting cultures were examined for their ability to support the growth of limbal stem/progenitor cells in colony-forming capacity, stratified epithelial cell sheet formation, maintenance of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cell characteristics, and gene expression levels of factors that supported the limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells. RESULTS The colony-forming efficiency of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells in the LNC group (6.57 ± 1.54%) was significantly higher than that in the LSC group (1.43 ± 0.47%). The epithelial cell sheets in the LNC group stratified into four or five layers compared with two or three stratified layers in the LSC group. Staining of both the colonies and the epithelial cell sheets in the LNC group showed a higher intensity of the limbal stem cell marker ΔNp63 than in the LSC group. Moreover, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that compared with the common expression of EGF and so on, the LNCs showed a higher expression level of E-cadherin and a lower expression level of neurotrophin-3 (NT3) than the LSCs. CONCLUSIONS LNCs have a different role compared to LSCs in their ability to support epithelial stem/progenitor cells and epithelial cellular sheet formation.
Dynamic portfolio selection of risky assets under uncertain exit time and stochastic market environment

Using Lagrange duality method,this paper investigates a multi-period mean-variance portfolio selection problem under uncertain exit time and stochastic market environment.We assume that all the assets in the market are risky,and there are only a finite number of states in the market and the state transition process follows a time varying Markov chain,and the random returns of the assets over every period not only depend on the time but also depend on the market state.Firstly,by using the dynamic programming technique and the Lagrange duality method,we obtain the explicit expressions for the efficient investment strategy and the efficient frontier.Then,we provide and prove a multi-period version of two fund separation theorem.Finally,a numerical example is presented to illustrate the results obtained in this paper.