Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Danish Fisheries and Aquaculture: Past, Present, and Future

Denmark has long fisheries and aquaculture traditions. Today, the marine commercial fishery has three major fleet categories with respect to the type of target species: (1) fisheries for industrial fish species, (2) fisheries for pelagic human consumption fish species, and (3) fisheries for demersal human consumption fish and shellfish species. Recreational fisheries are widespread and dominated by angling, but also include net gear fishing and spearfishing. A mandatory national license system for recreational fishers has been in place since 1987, which finances research as well as management initiatives such as stocking and habitat restoration, the latter especially in relation to streams. Written evidence of aquaculture in Denmark dates back to 1241. Presently, production is dominated by land-based facilities producing Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . Here we present a short review of the history of these three sectors, including examples of
Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Production of Bile Acids That Act as Sex Pheromones in Lampreys

Pheromones are important sexual signals in most animals, but research into their evolution is largely biased toward insects. Lampreys are a jawless fish with a relatively well-understood pheromone communication system, and they offer a useful opportunity to study pheromone evolution in a vertebrate. Once sexually mature, male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and likely other lampreys produce and release bile acids that act as sex pheromones. Spawning males do not feed and therefore produce bile acids primarily for sexual communication, whereas larvae produce the same bile acids but for digestion, offering an opportunity to compare the evolution of bile acids produced for sexual versus nonsexual functions. We profiled eight pheromone-related bile acids in livers from larvae and males and determined the effect of life stage on intra- and interspecific variation in bile acid production. Our results indicate less variation among males than larvae within P. marinus but more variation among species for males than larvae. We postulate that bile acid production in males is shaped by directional or stabilizing selection that reduces variance within P. marinus and directional or disruptive selection that promotes diversification across species. Although our results offer support for the role of sexual selection in the evolution of lamprey pheromones, they do not eliminate possible roles of other aspects of lamprey ecology.
Waterhole distribution and the piosphere effect in heterogeneous landscapes: evidence from north-western Zimbabwe

Forage, water and soil remain critical environmental variables in the distribution of most wildlife species in nearly all protected landscapes. In landscapes where water and forage are scarce and not supplemented, most species succumb to starvation. To avoid animal species succumbing to water induced deaths, waterholes can be put in place to provide water during the dry season. This study intends to find out whether the distribution of waterholes in three study sites in north-western Zimbabwe created a utilisation gradient around them. This was tested through the use of curve estimation methods using remote sensing data. The results illustrate that evenly distributed waterholes in any landscape do not allow the piosphere effect to alter the vegetation around the waterholes as compared to areas with waterholes that are not evenly distributed. As such, to avert land degradation in protected areas there needs to be proper planning in the distribution of waterholes that are sunk to support wildlife during the dry season.
A sensitive serodiagnostic tool for the detection of active infection of zoonotic visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the different serological techniques for early diagnosis of acute concurrent infections with linguatulosis in the definitive host (dogs) and an intermediate host (goats). This evaluation compared between the gold standard (GS) test (GS; examination of nasal and fecal samples in dogs and examination of lymph nodes in goats), sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA), and indirect ELISA. Materials and Methods: Fifty goats and fifty dogs were examined for the presence of Linguatula serrata nymphs and adults, respectively, besides the collection of blood samples from the examined animals for serologic testing. Results: In goats; GS, S-ELISA, and indirect ELISA showed positivity in 32 (64%), 28 (56%), and 39 (78%) samples, respectively. In dogs; GS, S-ELISA, and indirect ELISA showed positivity in 25 (50%), 25 (50%), and 30 (60%) samples, respectively. S-ELISA displayed significant higher agreement with the GS test (≥0.83) than indirect ELISA (≤0.67) in both hosts. Infection with linguatulosis showed significant relation with the age of goats and dogs and the sex of goats (p<0.05). Conclusion: S-ELISA displayed more sensitivity and specificity for the detection of concurrent infections with linguatulosis in both dogs and goats than indirect ELISA, which could detect the prior infections. Similarly, these assays could be used for diagnosis of concurrent infections with linguatulosis in human, especially the chronic ones.
Investigating the Effects of Osmolytes and Environmental pH on Bacterial Persisters

Bacterial persisters are phenotypic variants that temporarily demonstrate an extraordinary tolerance toward antibiotics. Persisters have been linked to the recalcitrance of biofilm-related infections; hence, a complete understanding of their physiology can lead to improvement of therapeutic strategies for such infections. Mechanisms pertaining to persister formation are thought to be associated with stress response pathways triggered by intra- or extracellular stress factors. Unfortunately, studies demonstrating the effects of osmolyte- and/or pH-induced stresses on bacterial persistence are largely missing. ABSTRACT Bacterial persisters are phenotypic variants that temporarily demonstrate an extraordinary tolerance toward antibiotics. Persisters have been linked to the recalcitrance of biofilm-related infections; hence, a complete understanding of their physiology can lead to improvement of therapeutic strategies for such infections. Mechanisms pertaining to persister formation are thought to be associated with stress response pathways triggered by intra- or extracellular stress factors. Unfortunately, studies demonstrating the effects of osmolyte- and/or pH-induced stresses on bacterial persistence are largely missing. To fill this knowledge gap within the field, we studied the effects of various osmolytes and pH conditions on Escherichia coli persistence with the use of phenotype microarrays and antibiotic tolerance assays. Although we found that a number of chemicals and pH environments, including urea, sodium nitrite, and acidic pH, significantly reduced persister formation in E. coli compared to no-osmolyte/no-buffer controls, this reduction in persister levels was less pronounced in late-stationary-phase cultures. Our results further demonstrated a positive correlation between cell growth and persister formation, which challenges the general notion in the field that slow-growing cultures have more persister cells than fast-growing cultures.
A Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring System to Facilitate the Children's Understanding of Animals' Stories Through Keywords Extraction and Multimedia Elements

Teaching children with intellectual challenges requires significant efforts to be done by the special education instructors. They needs to repeat each lesson several times and in different periods of times. They also need to simplify the meaning of each entity and concept in the lesson by using different elements including physical objects. To find such elements that suit the understanding capabilities of each child in the classroom the instructors spend a considerable amount of time. In addition, many of the children cannot understand with the retrieved objects. In this paper we propose a fully Arabic integrated intelligent tutoring system in which the lesson’s script (i.e., animal story) is processed and the main entities such as animals and habitats named entities are visualized by using different images and mutimedial objects. Our proposed system entitled “Understanding Children Arabic Educational Texts (UCAET)” is based on an Arabic ontology for the animal domain, which is used to retrieve the corresponding multimedia elements and to extract new knowledge from the existing one.The proposed approach is highly apprecaited by the insttuctor in the special education center in Doha, Qatar.
Revisiting the phylogeny of Dipsacales: New insights from phylogenomic analyses of complete plastomic sequences

Phylogenetic relationships in Dipsacales have long been a major challenge. Although considerable progress has been made during the past two decades, questions remain; the uncertain systematic positions of Heptacodium, Triplostegia, and Zabelia, in particular, impede our understanding of Dipsacales evolution. Here we use 75 complete plastomic sequences to reconstruct the phylogeny of Dipsacales, of which 28 were newly generated. Two primary clades were recovered that form the phylogenetic backbone of Dipsacales. Seven of the primary clades correspond to the recognized families Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae s. str. , Diervillaceae, Dipsacaceae, Linnaeaceae, Morinaceae, and Valerianaceae, and one corresponds to Zabelia, which was found to be the closest relative of Morinaceae in all analyses. Additionally, our results, with greatly increased confidence in most branches, show that Heptacodium and Triplostegia are members of Caprifoliaceae s. str. and Dipsacaceae, respectively. The results of our study indicate that the complete plastomic sequences provide a fully‐resolved and well‐supported representation of the phylogenetic relationships within Dipsacales.
Ectopic expression of secretory peptide PdEPF3 in Arabidopsis confers drought tolerance with reduced stomatal density

Drought is one of the most prevalent environmental stresses that affect plant growth and development. Improvement in drought tolerance is associated with reduced stomatal density and higher water use efficiency (WUE). In this study, an epidermal patterning factor (EPF), PdEPF3, from a fast-growing poplar clone, NE-19 [Populus nigra × (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra)], was characterized. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the transcription of PdEPF3 was induced by drought. We further found that the transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing PdEPF3 had an earlier seedling germination and longer primary roots under osmotic stress treatments, compared with the WT and mutant epf1-1. In addition, ectopic overexpression of PdEPF3 in Arabidopsis plants was able to enhance drought tolerance. This observation was associated with the reduced stomatal density of transgenic plants, which would limit transpiration and reduce water loss, consequently improving the WUE of plants. Interestingly, the reduction of stomatal density in transgenic plants overexpressing PdEPF3 did not affect their photosynthetic capacity. These results indicate that PdEPF3 could be used in transgenic breeding to enhance plant drought tolerance.
A Unified Analog Synthesis Approach Considering Parasitic Effects and Process Variations

Manually designing the analog/RF and power circuits to meet requirements is often considered a difficult task that takes a lot of time. Several automatic circuit-sizing approaches have been proposed for typical analog circuits to solve this bottleneck, but the performance and yield is unexpected if the non-ideal effects are not considered. In this chapter, an equation-based automatic synthesis approach for analog circuits is proposed. The layout-induced parasitic effects and process variations are also considered simultaneously to guarantee the circuit performance after manufacturing. As shown in the experimental results, the proposed approach successfully solves the unreachable specification in previous work and keeps the performance and yield of the generated circuit even in post-layout simulations. The incurred hardware overhead is also reduced by using the proposed unified approach, which demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of this approach.
The Review of Chinese Word Segmentation Technology

Word segmentation is the basis of the Chinese language processing and word segmentation system is the major components of the Chinese language processing,the word segmentation in Chinese text has been widely used in the domain chinese natural language understanding、literature retrieval、search engine、text mining system and so on.This paper provides an overview of Chinese Word segmentation technology,analyses the technical characteristics of the existing word segmentation methods,points out the advantages and disadvantages of some word segmentation methods.
Time‐Efficient Event Processing Using Provisioning‐to‐Signaling Method in Data Transport Systems Requiring Multiple Processors

In connection‐oriented data transport services, data loss can occur when a service experiences a problem in its end‐to‐end path. To resolve the problem promptly, the data transport systems providing the service must quickly modify their internal configurations, which are distributed among different locations within each system. The configurations are modified through a series of problem (event) handling procedures, which are carried out by multiple control processors in the system. This paper proposes a provisioning‐to‐signaling method for inter‐control‐processor messaging to improve the time efficiency of event processing. This method simplifies the sharing of the runtime event, and minimizes the time variability caused by the amount of event data, which results in a decrease in the latency time and an increase in the time determinacy when processing global events. The proposed method was tested for an event that required 4,000 internal path changes, and was found to lessen the latency time of global event processing by about 50% compared with the time required for general methods to do the same; in addition, it reduced the impact of the event data on the event processing time to about 30%.
An Improved Indexing Method for Xpath Queries

Today, the XML is used as data storage for complex data models like bioinformatics information. A bioinformatics system deals with large data sets and complex queries. Thus, it is necessary to have accessing methods for XML data. XPath is a method to quickly locate any information that we need in an XML (tree) data starting from the context node in a root node to subtrees. In this paper, we propose a system model to store XML data more efficiently and also an improved indexing method to support Xpath queries. In the system model, we integrated big data model with relational data model in order to get benefit from both of them. The new indexing method is an improvement of R-tree that helps Xpath queries run more efficiently in some axes. Our experiments showed that the proposed method gains better results for node queries compared to the R-tree in transformed XML data. Our method is intended to apply to phylogenetic queries of Treefam databases.
Neurology-related protein biomarkers are associated with general fluid cognitive ability and brain volume in older age

Identifying the biological correlates of late life cognitive function is important if we are to ascertain biomarkers for, and develop treatments to help reduce, age-related cognitive decline. This study investigated the associations between plasma levels of 91 neurology-related proteins (Olink® Proteomics) and general fluid cognitive ability in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936, N=798), the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (LBC1921, N=165), and the INTERVAL BioResource, (N=4,451). In LBC1936, we also examined mediation of protein-cognitive ability associations by MRI-derived indices of brain structure. In the LBC1936, 22 of the proteins and the first principal component (PC) created from a PC analysis of the 91 proteins, were associated with general fluid cognitive ability (β between −0.11 and −0.17, p<0.0029). Total brain volume partially mediated the association between 10 of these proteins and general fluid cognitive ability. Effect sizes for the 22 proteins, although smaller, were all in the same direction as in LBC1936 in an age-matched subsample of INTERVAL. Similar effect sizes were found for the majority of these 22 proteins in the older LBC1921. The associations were not replicated in a younger subset of INTERVAL. In conclusion, we identified plasma levels of a number of neurology-related proteins that were associated with general fluid cognitive ability in later life, some of which were mediated by brain volume.
RANCANGAN ROUTING PROTOCOL DLD-LEACH (DUAL LEVEL DYNAMIC-LEACH) PADA WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir penerapan Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) telah merambah berbagai bidang. Salah satu yang paling popular adalah penerapan WSN dalam komunitas node yang banyak. Dynamic Clustering pun menjadi salah satu pilihan yang favorit untuk menjembatani komunikasi data antar node atau dari node ke base station. Dan sistem cluster yang kami pilih adalah Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). Dalam paper ini akan dijelaskan sebuah routing protocol baru yang diusulkan untuk menjembatani permasalahan borosnya routing protocol jaringan proactive pada WSN. Routing protocol ini nantinya akan berfokus pada penghematan energy dengan jangkauan jaringan yang luas. Dimana akan dibentuk database sederhana yang akan membuat penentuan Cluster Head akan menjadi lebih mudah dan tidak memakan waktu lama. Selain itu peneliti lebih memilih untuk membentuk cluster dengan luas jangkauan yang lebih kecil untuk mengurangi beban dari Cluster Head (CH), sehingga dalam area yang luas sangat dimungkinkan terbentuk lebih dari satu cluster. Masing-masing cluster tersebut memiliki node lain diluar cluster yang menumpang pada node terdekat yang merupakan anggota cluster (kami menyebutnya Node Tumpangan). Node yang menumpang pada node tumpangan itu tadi lah yang merupakan level kedua dari cluster.
A C. elegans model for the rare human channelopathy, Timothy syndrome type 1

A C. elegans model for the rare human channelopathy, Timothy syndrome type 1 Ross C. Lagoy†, Heesun Kim†, Craig C. Mello, Dirk R. Albrecht Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, these authors contributed equally.
New Material of Paleocene-Eocene Pellornis (Aves: Gruiformes) Clarifies the Pattern and Timing of the Extant Gruiform Radiation

Pellornis mikkelseni is an early gruiform from the latest Paleocene-earliest Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark. At approximately 54 million years old, it is among the earliest clear records of the Gruiformes. The holotype specimen, and only material thus far recognised, was originally considered to comprise a partial postcranial skeleton. However, additional mechanical preparation of the nodule containing the holotype revealed that the skeleton is nearly complete and includes a well-preserved skull. In addition to extracting new information from the holotype, we identify and describe two additional specimens of P. mikkelseni which reveal further morphological details of the skeleton. Together, these specimens show that P. mikkelseni possessed a schizorhinal skull and shared many features with the well-known Paleogene Messelornithidae (“Messel rails”). To reassess the phylogenetic position of P. mikkelseni, we modified an existing morphological dataset by adding 20 characters, four extant gruiform taxa, six extinct gruiform taxa, and novel scorings based on the holotype and referred specimens. Phylogenetic analyses recover a clade containing P. mikkelseni, Messelornis, Songzia and crown Ralloidea, supporting P. mikkelseni as a crown gruiform. The phylogenetic position of P. mikkelseni illustrates that some recent divergence time analyses have underestimated the age of crown Gruiformes. Our results suggest a Paleocene origin for this important clade, bolstering evidence for a rapid early radiation of Neoaves following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ENDOPHYTIC Bacillus sp.

Endophytic bacteria are the bacteria that live in plant tissues. In oil palm tissue there are many types of endophytic bacteria and have a role that can be beneficial for the plant, one of them is endophytic Bacillus sp. The aim of these research was to obtain morphology, physiology and molecular characteristics of endophytic Bacillus sp. originating from oil palm tissue. Sampling was done by random simple sampling method. Isolation of bacteria was performed on plant tissues such as roots, midribs, stems and leaves of oil palm plants. The results of morphological characterization such as colony color, colony shape and colony edge show similarity in each isolate but there are differences in the surface morphology of the colony, where there are 6 isolates with convex surface and 6 isolates with flat shape. Physiological test results such as catalase test, oxidase test, starch hydrolysis test, motility test and temperature effect test on bacterial growth showed positive results in each isolate. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA primers based on BLASTn shows that all isolates tested have similarities with Bacillus sp. Based on the phylogenetic tree it was found that the endophytic bacteria of Ba-B2 isolates were associated with Bacillus flexus with 100% consistency index grouped at a distance of 0.03 and Ba-P2 isolates were related to Bacillus substilis at a distance of 0.01 with an 89% consistency index.
Mitigation Of Climate Change Of Coffee Production Systems In Cundinamarca, Colombia

Production systems with woody perennial plants, ideally timber trees, are technologies accepted in carbon (C) projects to mitigate climate change. This research had as purpose the estimation of C storage and fixation in coffee production systems in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Carbon in biomass, necromass and soil were estimated in coffee plantations with three different shade levels (low, medium and high) in three municipalities using IPCC’s recommendations. Soil stored 75% of the total C (93.9 to 137.7 Mg C ha–1 in the upper 30 cm), followed by trees (19%). Carbon increases with a rise in shade (55.8 vs 42.0 vs 23.0 Mg C ha–1 for high, medium and low shade, respectively). These coffee plantations fixed a mean of 2.3 Mg C ha–1 year–1, with a maximum value of ~7.1 Mg CO2 ha –1 year–1 under a shade of 30% to 40%. Coffee plantations, especially with high shade, have a high potential of C fixation and mitigate climate change.
Integrating Concept Mapping and the Learning Cycle to Teach Genetics and Reproduction to High School Students

Although many studies have investigated the effectiveness of concept mapping and the learning cycle, in Korea none have explored the effectiveness of concept mapping and the learning cycle combined. This study explored the effectiveness of concept mapping, the learning cycle, and a combination of concept mapping/learning cycle(CL) in high school biology class. Students' science achievement, the science related attitudes and scientific inquiry ability was measured. The results indicated that concept mapping, the learning cycle, and CL treatment were significantly different from the traditional one in science achievement(p