Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
irect spectroscopic monitoring of conductance switching in polythiophene emory devices

A large number of nonvolatile memory devices have been reported with both inorganic and organic components, and many of these involve changes in device resistance between a high conductivity “ON” state and a low conductivity “OFF” state. The mechanism of memory action in many of these devices is uncertain, and may be based on many phenomena, including redox reactions, metal filament formation, charge storage in “floating gates”, and redistribution of oxide vacancies. We report here a Raman spectroscopic probe of organic polymer memory devices which permits direct monitoring of the doping state and conductivity of polythiophene in a 3-terminal device. The polymer conductance is controlled by voltage pulses between the source and gate electrodes in FET geometry, while the conductance state is read out by a separate circuit between source and drain. The conductance was directly correlated with the Raman determination of the density of polarons in the polymer film, which was shown to control both the “electroforming” process and the conductance switching in working memory devices. The polymer conductance change requires a redox counter-reaction at the gate electrode, and atmospheric effects on performance indicate that water and oxygen reduction are involved. The observations are consistent with a redox process between the gate and source electrodes which modulates the polaron concentration and source–drain conductivity. This mechanism provides a framework for optimization of the device by changing its composition and geometry, particularly the identity of the redox counter-reaction and control of ion mobility.
What a difference peers can make: The impact of social (work) norms on unemployment duration

This article outlines a model of how social interactions among persons belonging to the same region might influence the individual unemployment duration. The impact is assumed to be enhanced through social work norms shared by peers within the group. Building on a range of German data sets and derived from multilevel analysis, the results show that social interactions in terms of social work norms, in conjunction with socio-demographic and regional characteristics, affect the individual unemployment duration.
Response to Intervention: Examining Classroom Behavior Support in Second Grade

This article reports on 2 studies investigating a response-to-intervention (RTI) approach to behavior support in 2 second-grade classrooms. The results suggest that a slightly more intensive but efficient targeted intervention (“check in and check out”) was effective in supporting the social behavior success of 4 students whose problem behaviors were unresponsive to general classroom management practices. For 4 other students whose problem behaviors continued to be unresponsive to the “check-in and check-out” intervention, more individualized and function-based interventions were indicated and proved to be effective. The results from this research suggest that RTI logic can be applied to the social behavior support of students who present interfering problem behaviors in the classroom. Implications and recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
Susceptibility of monospecies and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to essential oils

The authors thank the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for the first author's scholarship, the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for the financial support, the Foundation for Science and Technology and European Community fund European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), in the ambit of the Project PTDC/SAUESA/6460912006/FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007480.
SYNTHESIS OF CERAMICS ON CHAMOTTE BASIS. SILANE MODIFIED CERAMIC SURFACE

The present work reports for the synthesis of porous ceramics, based on chamotte and further treatment of its surface with various silanes. As a result of the treatment, the surface was converted from hydrophilic into a hydrophobic one. As initial materials for the ceramics synthesis mainly chamotte, CaCO 3 and gypsum were used. The samples were studied by X-ray analysis, DTA, FT-IR absorbance measurements and microscopic analysis. The X-ray analyses showed that the phase composition depends on the firing temperature. It was found that the share of the open porosity is very high in ceramics, synthesized at 1200°C which allows for using it as a part of an apparatus for separation and filtration of liquids. In order to convert the ceramic surfaces from hydrophilic into hydrophobic several agents were used: teflon, chlorotrimethylsilane and trichloro(octadecyl)silane. Kеywords: porous ceramic, chamotte, X-ray analysis, properties.
Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage: On the strategic similarities between Maccabi Tel Aviv BC and FC Bayern München

Abstract This paper investigates the sources of the competitive advantage of sport clubs in the business environment. The analysis uses the Resource-Based View (RBV) as a model for identifying significant resources that clubs employ in their effort to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Using two historical case examples, the Israeli basketball club of Maccabi Tel Aviv and the German soccer club of Bayern Munich, we identify the strategic resources which, in addition to other factors, contributed to the success of these clubs. The findings suggest that there are interesting similarities between the clubs. For example, despite the fact that the clubs are from different sport branches and different countries, the main source of the success of both has been excellent management teams that displayed insight as well as the ability to exploit significant historical events. The paper also contributes business and strategic dimensions to the field of sport management, and provides some revealing insights into the behavior of managers of sport clubs.
Temporary versus permanent employment: Does health matter?

Poor health may inhibit active participation in the labour market and restrict the types of employment available to an individual. This paper uses recent survey data from New Zealand and employs a bivariate probit approach (to address sample selection issues) for investigating the relationship between health status and employment type. We find that health issues (and in particular mental health) are negatively related to the likelihood of being employed; and entering full-time and / or permanent employment. The picture with respect to temporary work is a little more fuzzy, with mixed results, and only minimal evidence is found that poor health is positively related to being in temporary employment.
PROJECTED CHANGES IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS UPON ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN THE UPPER TANA RIVER CATCHMENT, KENYA

Large areas in the Upper Tana river catchment, Kenya, have been over‐exploited, resulting in soil erosion, nutrient depletion and loss of soil organic matter (SOM). This study focuses on sections of the catchment earmarked as being most promising for implementing Green Water Credits, an incentive mechanism to help farmers invest in land and soil management activities that affect all fresh water resources at source. Such management practices can also help restore SOM levels towards their natural level. Opportunities to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, for two broadly defined land use types (croplands and plantation crops, with moderate input levels), are calculated using a simple empirical model, using three scenarios for the proportion of suitable land that may be treated with these practices (low = 40 per cent, medium = 60 per cent, high = 80 per cent). For the medium scenario, corresponding to implementation on ~348 000 ha in the basin, the eco‐technologically possible SOC gains are estimated at 4·8 to 9·3 × 106 tonnes (Mg) CO2 over the next 20 years. Assuming a conservative price of US$10 per tonne CO2‐equivalent on the carbon offset market, this would correspond to ~US$48–93 million over a 20‐year period of sustained green water management. This would imply a projected (potential) payment of some US$7–13 ha−1 to farmers annually; this sum would be in addition to incentives that are being put in place for implementing green water management practices and also in addition to the benefits that farmers would realize from the impact on production of these practices themselves. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DIFFERENT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND TEMPERATURE OPTIMA OF HETEROTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN

The temperature control of the growth of heterotrophic picoplankton was s tuhed in the Southern Ocean along a transect between the Polar Front (49" S) and the shelf ice edge at 70" S in the austral summer. Growth was measured by thymidine and leucine incorporation applying the dual-label approach. Psychrotolerant or mesophilic communities with a growth optimum of >18"C were present in surface waters at the Polar Front at an in situ temperature of 4 to SOC. Further south in surface waters of the Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC), in the marginal ice zone and at the shelf ice edge, psychrophilic communities with growth optima of 11 and 4 to 8OC, respectively, were present. Growth at the ambient temperature of ca 0°C or slightly below was reduced. By in situ hybridization with fluorescent rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes, between 63 and 96% of all DAPI-stainable picoplankton cells were identified as Bacteria whereas Archaea were never detected. Cells belonging to the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium cluster were most abundant from all bacterial groups tested (a-. P-, and y-subclass of Proteobacteria, Cytophaga/Flavobacterium cluster) and comprised 20% of DAPI counts at the Polar Front and 40% in the ACC. In the marginal ice zone during a bloom of Phaeocystis sp. they even comprised 72%. y-subclass proteobacteria accounted for <l % of DAPI counts at the Polar Front and for 7 to 9% further south, a-subclass proteobactena never exceeded 1 % and P-subclass proteobacteria were not detected at all. The results indicate that different communities of heterotrophic picoplankton established along the transect from the Polar Front south to the marginal ice zone as shown by the reduction of the temperature optima and coinciding with a change in the community structure and a pronounced dominance of bacteria of the Cytophaga/Flavobacten'um cluster in the psychrophllic communities.
Monitoring of Hazardous Scenarios using Multi-Sensor Devices

— The combination of different types of sensors to multi-sensor devices offers excellent potential for monitoring applications. This should be demonstrated by means of four different examples of actual developments carried out by Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM): monitoring and indoor localization of relief forces, a microdrone for gas measurement in hazardous scenarios, sensor-enabled radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags for safeguard of dangerous goods, and a multifunctional sensor for spatially resolved under-surface monitoring of gas storage areas. Objective of the presented projects is to increase the personal and technical safety in hazardous scenarios. These examples should point to application specific challenges for the applied components and infrastructure, and it should emphasize the potential of multi-sensor systems and sensor data fusion.
Legalization, Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics: A Cautionary Note

If the purpose of legalization is to enhance international cooperation, more may not always be better. Achieving the optimal level of legalization requires finding a balance between reducing the risks of opportunism and reducing the potential negative effects of legalization on domestic political processes. The global trade regime, which aims to liberalize trade, has become increasingly legalized over time. Increased legalization has changed the information environment and the nature of government obligations, which in turn have affected the pattern of mobilization of domestic interest groups on trade. From the perspective of encouraging the future expansion of liberal trade, we suggest some possible negative consequences of legalization, arguing that these consequences must be weighed against the positive effects of legalization on increasing national compliance. Since the weakly legalized GATT institution proved sufficient to sustain widespread liberalization, the case for further legalization must be strong to justify far-reaching change in the global trade regime.
Cellulose Acetate Sulfate as a Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyelectrolyte: Synthesis, Properties, and Application

The optimal conditions of cellulose acetate sulfate (CAS) homogeneous synthesis with the yield of 94–98 wt. % have been determined. CAS was confirmed to have an even distribution of functional groups along the polymer chain. The polymer was characterized by an exceptionally high water solubility (up to 70 wt.%). The isothermal diagrams of its solubility in water-alcohol media have been obtained. CAS aqueous solutions stability, electrolytic, thermal, and viscous properties have been defined. The main hydrodynamic characteristics such as intrinsic viscosity, Huggins constant, and crossover concentration have been evaluated. The parameters of polymer chain thermodynamic rigidity have been calculated. The formation of liquid crystalline structures in concentrated CAS solutions has been confirmed. CAS was recommended to be used as a binder for the medicinal forms of activated carbon and carbon sorbent for water treatment, hydrophilic ointment foundation.
Effects of a perovskite‐post perovskite phase change near core‐mantle boundary in compressible mantle convection

Numerical simulations of compressible, isochemical mantle convection are used to investigate the effect of the perovskite to post‐perovskite phase transition at around 2700 km depth, which has recently been discovered by high‐pressure experiments and ab initio calculations, on the convective planform, temperature, and heat transport characteristics of the mantle. The usual phase transitions at 410 km (olivine‐spinel) and 660 km (spinel‐perovskite) are also included. The exothermic post‐perovskite phase change at 2700 km depth destabilizes the lower thermal boundary layer, increasing the heat flow, increasing interior mantle temperature, and increasing the number and time‐dependence of upwelling plumes. The resulting weak, highly time‐dependent upwellings also have a smaller horizontal spacing than the plumes that occur in the absence of the phase transition. While the influence of post‐perovskite phase change may be smaller than that of some other complexities, such as compositional stratification, it appears to have an important enough effect that it should not be ignored in dynamical studies of mantle convection.
CURRENT TRENDS IN LIPID BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN DRUG DELIVERY

Lipid-based delivery systems are an accepted, proven, commercially viable strategy to formulate pharmaceuticals, for topical, oral, pulmonary or parenteral delivery. Lipid based formulations can be tailored to meet a wide range of product requirements dictated by disease indication, route of administration, cost consideration, product stability, toxicity, and efficacy. The proven safety and efficacy of lipid-based carriers make them attractive candidates for the formulation of pharmaceuticals, as well as vaccines, diagnostics and nutraceuticals. These systems allows oral delivery of poorly soluble API when solubilization through modification of molecular scaffold is not an option The efficacy of these biocompatible systems may be improved if their delivery rate, biodegradation, and site-specific targeting can be predicted, monitored, and controlled. However, the number of applications for lipid-based formulations has expanded as the nature & type of active drugs under investigation has become more varied. This article mainly focus on lipid formulations namely microemulsions, self emulsifying delivery systems, nanoemulsions, pickering emulsions, liposomes, phytosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, archaesomes, vesosomes, lipid microparticles and lipid nanoparticles and their prominent applications in pharmaceutical drug delivery.
Key Financials Performance Independent versus Integrated: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia Financial Service Industry (2001-2011)

The aims of the paper are to study the financial performance between the independent finance companies and the integrated finance companies over the period 2001-2011. From total 194 finance companies in the industry, the finance companies who affiliate with bank or automotive manufacturer are 65 companies that contribute to 71% of total asset of the industry. The banking industry that provides majority of funding, has made finance companies as part of their integration business model. The automotive manufacturers and dealers that provide the products of financing, have the similar strategy. The acquisition of finance companies has reached more than 30 transactions from 2002 until 2012. We analyzed seven micro key financial ratios (profitability, efficiency, growth, firm size, liquidity, solvability and risk). We use non parametric Mann Whitney and parametric Panel Data Dummy Regression. Our sample consists of 100 finance companies which continuously published their financial statement from 2001 until 2011. The empirical results show that the integrated finance companies are better in efficiency, profitability, size and growth. However, the integrated finance company has higher reserve policy and lower liquidity. On the other side, we also compare between the backward integration with bank and the forward integration with automotive manufacturer.
SENSING OF DEFORMATIONS THROUGH GRIDS OF ANTENNAS

In the present contribution, RFID tags will be thought of not only as radiotransponders, but also as sensors, capable of monitoring their mutual distance and, hence, the strain occurring in an engineering structure. The envisaged system is hence composed by a grid of RFID antennas (tags) properly placed over the structure and by a remote reader device, which wirelessly powers the sensing antennas and collects their responses. The processing of the retrieved signals from each antenna of the grid will provide an aggregated information about the deformation of the grid itself, which if compared to a reference condition, will yield the displacement that the structure has undergone.
Query Evaluation on CompressedTrees � ( ExtendedAbstract )

This paperstudiesthe problemof evaluatingunary (or nodeselecting)queries on unranked trees compressedin a natural structure-preservingway, by thesharingof commonsubtrees.The motivationto studyunary querieson unranked treescomesfrom thedatabasefield,where queryingXML documents, which canbe consider edasunranked labelledtrees,is an importanttask. We give algorithmsand complexity resultsfor the evaluation of XPath andmonadicdatalog queries.Furthermore, wepropose a new automatatheoretic formalismfor queryingtreesand give algorithmsfor evaluatingqueriesdefinedbysuch automata.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Pancreatic Pseudocyst Drainage without Fluoroscopy

배경/목적: 췌장 가성 낭종은 급성과 만성 췌장염의 흔한 합병증이다. 내시경 초음파를 통한 배액술은 여러단계와 여러장비들이 필요하다. 모든 병원에서 선형초음파내시경 기계 및 투시영상 검사실을 같이 갖추진 못하고 있다. 우리는 투시영상없이 초음파내시경을 통한 췌장가성낭종의 배액술의 안전성과 효율성을 확인하고자 한다. 방법: 2009년 1월부터 2016년 12월까지 초음파내시경을 통해서 가성낭종의 배액술을 시행한 10명의 환자를 분석하였다. 경위적 접근법을 통하여 시행하였으며, 1개 혹은 2개의 7Fr 이중돼지꼬리 플라스틱 배액관을 사용하여 배액술을 시행하였다. 결과: 기술적 성공률은 100% 이며, 임상적 성공률은 80% 였다. 2명의 환자에서는 내시경적 배액술로성공하지 못하여, 경피부배액술을 시행하였고, 수술적치료 없이 호전되었다. 3명의 환자에서는 합병증이 발생하였다(출혈, 감염, 스텐트 이탈). 평균 36. 5개월을 추적관찰하였을때 가성낭종이 재발한 환자는 없었다. 결론: 투시영상없이 초음파내시경을 통한 췌장 가성낭종의 배액술은 췌장가성낭종의 치료에서 안전하고, 기술적으로 가능하며, 효과적인 방법이다.
North Atlantic geoid high, volcanism and glaciations

Shallow topography, geoid high and intense volcanism in the northern Mid Atlantic Ridge are interpreted as enhanced by the loading on the adjacent continents by ice caps during upper Cenozoic glaciations. The load of ice packs on the continental lithospheres of North America and northern Europe generated radial mantle flow at depth. In our model, these currents, where flowing from west and east, faced each other below the northern Atlantic, joining together and upwelling. Numerical modeling of this process supports the development of dynamic topography leading to uplift of the sea‐floor and inducing a regional geoid high. The upper mantle, being pumped from the deep mantle and rising to a few km shallower than average, may have contributed to larger asthenospheric melting, and to ridge centered excess magmatism, as observed in the Northern Atlantic.
ROSAT observations of Cepheus OB3: the discovery of low‐mass stars

We present X-ray images of the high-mass star-forming region Cepheus OB3, in which we discover over 50 point sources, the majority of which are T Tauri stars. We use the ratio of highmass to low-mass stars to constrain the initial mass function, and ®nd that it is consistent with that for ®eld stars. This supports the picture that there is little difference between high-mass and low-mass star-forming regions. The presence of low-mass stars between the high-mass stars and the molecular cloud they are ionizing argues against mechanisms whereby heating of the cloud inhibits low-mass star formation. Finally, the ef®ciency of star formation in this region is shown to be of the order of a few per cent.
When Old Meets New: How China’s ‘Double-Eleven’ Day Challenges Confucianism

‘Double-Eleven’ Day (aka 11.11 [November 11], Singles Day, and Bachelors Day) is an e-commerce shopping spree celebrated by millions of Chinese e-shoppers. Since 2013, Chinese e-tailers have experienced record one-day sales on that date. Qualitative secondary data about ‘Double-Eleven’ Day e-shoppers suggests they are short-term oriented and individualistic, anti-hierarchical in buyer-seller relationships, focused on immediate consumption and hedonic pleasure, and prone to spontaneous trust and superficial interactions when online. In contrast, traditional Chinese shoppers conform to long-established Chinese personal selling strategies by being long-term oriented, collectivistic, and seekers of long-term mutual trust in hierarchical buyer-seller relationships. Hence, Chinese e-tailersshould adapt their selling practices to Chinese e-shoppers’ attitudes and behaviors.
ABSTRACT PROTOTYPING IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: A REVIEW OF APPROACHES

Abstract prototyping (AP) is a pre-implementation testing approach in software engineering, based on low-fidelity prototypes. It supports demonstration and evolution of software concepts at an early stage. It allows designers to optimize the operation of the software and allows end users to understand how to work with the system. In this paper we survey various ‘approaches’, i.e. both the way of developing the content of AP and the manner of using them in software engineering. We developed a reasoning model intuitively and defined research questions to structure our review and this paper. Our objective was to get insights in the existing definitions, information contents, construction processes and application opportunities for AP. We have found that AP is simultaneously a challenging scientific and a complex practical issue, which usually raises a large number of sub-issues and questions. In addition we observed that there are multiple interpretations of AP which are disturbing a clear picture. Based on the findings we observed that it is possible to generalize the key constituents of AP and to integrate them into a simplified and application-independent AP methodology.