Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Against Contemporary Pathogens From Urinary Tract Infections and Intra-abdominal Infections Collected From US Children During the 2016-2019 INFORM Surveillance Program.

BACKGROUND Antibacterial activity of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) was evaluated against bacterial isolates from children in the United States with a urinary tract infection (UTI) or intra-abdominal infection (IAI) during the 2016-2019 International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring program. Prevalence of isolates and susceptibility to CAZ-AVI in pediatric and adult patients were compared. METHODS Bacterial isolates were collected from children with a UTI or IAI at 70 US medical centers from 2016 to 2019. The antimicrobial activity of CAZ-AVI and comparator agents was tested by broth microdilution methods. RESULTS The most prevalent Enterobacterales pathogens in children with UTIs were Escherichia coli (62.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.1%) and Proteus mirabilis (6.2%). Minimum inhibitory concentration 90% values for CAZ-AVI against Enterobacterales (0.25 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 μg/mL) were identical for children and adults. The most prevalent Enterobacterales pathogens in children with IAIs were E. coli (57.4%), K. pneumoniae (11.1%) and Enterobacter cloacae species complex (9.3%). All isolates of Enterobacterales from pediatric patients with UTI and IAI were susceptible to CAZ-AVI, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotypes. Susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates to CAZ-AVI was 96.2% in children and 98.4% in adults with a UTI: for IAI it was 100% and 97.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary UTI and IAI pathogens collected from US children from 2016 to 2019 exhibited similar prevalence and susceptibilities as isolates collected from adult patients. CAZ-AVI exhibited potent activity against these pathogens.
Vibrio Colonization Is Highly Dynamic in Early Microplastic-Associated Biofilms as Well as on Field-Collected Microplastics

Microplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and provide a habitat for biofilm-forming bacteria. The genus Vibrio, which includes potential pathogens, was detected irregularly on microplastics. Since then, the potential of microplastics to enrich (and serve as a vector for) Vibrio has been widely discussed. We investigated Vibrio abundance and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) composition on polyethylene and polystyrene within the first 10 h of colonization during an in situ incubation experiment, along with those found on particles collected from the Baltic Sea. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and co-occurrence networks to elaborate the role of Vibrio within biofilms. Colonization of plastics with Vibrio was detectable after one hour of incubation; however, Vibrio numbers and composition were very dynamic, with a more stable population at the site with highest nutrients and lowest salinity. Likewise, Vibrio abundances on field-collected particles were variable but correlated with proximity to major cities. Vibrio was poorly connected within biofilm networks. Taken together, this indicates that Vibrio is an early colonizer of plastics, but that the process is undirected and independent of the specific surface. Still, higher nutrients could enhance a faster establishment of Vibrio populations. These parameters should be considered when planning studies investigating Vibrio on microplastics.
Efficacy and Safety of Nonvitamin K Oral Anticoagulants following Cardiac Valve Replacement

There is an increased risk of thromboembolic complications following cardiac valve replacement, with a peak incidence during the first 3 months after surgery. Current guidelines do not recommend the use of nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants following cardiac valve replacement. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists following bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement at a 505-bed community teaching hospital. Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) following bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement. Methods This was a retrospective analysis conducted at a community teaching hospital in the southeastern United States between August 2015 and August 2018. Patients 18 years of age and older who underwent cardiac valve replacement and were prescribed oral anticoagulation were screened for inclusion. Patients were excluded if they had a mechanical valve replacement, experienced a venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular accident, or acute coronary syndrome within 1 month before valve replacement, changed oral anticoagulation during the study period, were lost to follow-up, or declined to participate in the follow-up survey. The primary outcome was a composite of thromboembolic events within 90 days following bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement. The safety outcome was major bleeding within 180 days of bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement. Results The primary outcome of a composite of thromboembolic events within 90 days following bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement occurred in 1 patient (4.3%) in the VKA group and 4 patients (7.4%) in the NOAC group. Major bleeding occurred in 2 patients (8.7%) in the VKA group and 0 patients in the NOAC group. Conclusion Our study is the first to report the efficacy and safety of NOACs compared with VKA therapy following bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement irrespective of an atrial fibrillation diagnosis. Notably, two of the thromboembolic events in the NOAC group occurred while therapy was held or inappropriately dosed; when these events are removed, the rate of thromboembolism is 3.8%. This rate is consistent with the VKA group. Our study adds to a small pool of literature regarding the use of NOACs following bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement and suggests that NOACs may have similar efficacy and improved safety as compared with VKA therapy. Large randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm our observations.
Dv2v: A Dynamic Variable-to-Variable Compressor

We present D-v2v, a new dynamic (one-pass) variable-to-variable compressor. Variable-to-variable compression aims at using a modeler that gathers variable-length input symbols and a variable-length statistical coder that assigns shorter codewords to the more frequent symbols. In D-v2v, we process the input text word-wise to gather variable-length symbols that can be either terminals (new words) or non-terminals, subsequences of words seen before in the input text. Those input symbols are set in a vocabulary that is kept sorted by frequency. Therefore, those symbols can be easily encoded with dense codes. Our D-v2v permits real-time transmission of data, i.e. compression/transmission can begin as soon as data become available. Our experiments show thatD-v2vis able to overcome the compression ratios of the v2vDC, the state-of-the-art semi-static variable-to-variable compressor, and to almost reach p7zip values. It also draws a competitive performance at both compression and decompression.
Optimizing glycaemic control to improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD )

Background It is now established that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) drives increased morbidity and mortality, both through a specific impact upon the liver, but perhaps more importantly, through adverse cardiovascular outcomes (1, 2). Its prevalence continues to rise, and by 2020, NALFD will become the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide (3). NAFLD is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis through to inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), scarring, fibrosis with the potential to progress to cirrhosis with the consequent increased risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and our own recently published data, generated as part of our local ‘think NAFLD’ campaign, suggest that more than 13% of all patients with T2D have advanced fibrosis (4). In addition, NAFLD is associated with worsening of diabetes-related complications (5) and crucially, the development of T2D hastens the progression of NAFLD to the more advanced stages that are associated with the poorest clinical outcome (6). Finally, cross-sectional data suggest that poor glycaemic control is associated with more advanced liver disease in some, but not all clinical studies (7, 8, 9).
Granisetron, a selective 5-HT3 antagonist, reduces L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced abnormal involuntary movements in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat.

Administration of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) provides Parkinson's disease patients with effective symptomatic relief. However, long-term L-DOPA therapy is often marred by complications such as dyskinesia. We have previously demonstrated that serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptor blockade with the clinically available and highly selective antagonist ondansetron alleviates dyskinesia in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat. Here, we sought to explore the antidyskinetic efficacy of granisetron, another clinically available 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Rats were rendered hemi-parkinsonian by 6-OHDA injection in the medial forebrain bundle. Following induction of stable abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), granisetron (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) or vehicle was acutely administered in combination with L-DOPA and the severity of AIMs, both duration and amplitude, was determined. We also assessed the effect of granisetron on L-DOPA antiparkinsonian action by performing the cylinder test. Adding granisetron (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) to L-DOPA resulted in a significant reduction of AIMs duration and amplitude, with certain parameters being reduced by as much as 38 and 45% (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The antidyskinetic effect of granisetron was not accompanied by a reduction of L-DOPA antiparkinsonian action. These results suggest that 5-HT3 blockade may reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without impairing the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA. However, a U-shaped dose-response curve obtained with certain parameters may limit the therapeutic potential of this strategy and require further investigation.
Best Clinical Practices MANAGEMENT OF THE POST-CARDIAC ARREST SYNDROME

, Abstract—Background: Recent advances in resuscitation science have revolutionized care of the cardiac arrest patient. Dramatic departures from time-honored advanced cardiac life support therapies, such as cardiocerebral resuscitation and bundled post-arrest care, have given rise to a newparadigmof resuscitation practices, which has boosted the rate of neurologically intact survival. Objectives: This article reviews the pathophysiology of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, the collective pathophysiology after return of spontaneous circulation, and presents management pearls specifically for the emergency physician. This growing area of scientific inquiry must be managed appropriately to sustain improved outcomes. Discussion: The emergency physician must understand this pathophysiology, manage resuscitated patients according to the latest evidence, and coordinate with appropriate inpatient resources. Conclusion: The new approach to cardiac arrest care is predicated on a chain of survival that spans the spectrum of care from the prehospital arena through the emergency, intensive, and inpatient settings. The emergency physician is a crucial link in this chain. 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Submanifolds of (para-)quaternionic Kähler manifolds

After a concise introduction on (para-)quaternionic geometry, we report on some recent results concerning para quaternionic Hermitian and Kahler manifolds and their special submanifolds. The second part of the paper is devoted to treat in a unified way some basic matters on (para-)complex submanifolds of (para)- quaternionic manifolds.
Contribution to Special Issue : ‘ Towards a Broader Perspective onOcean Acidification Research

Pauline M. Ross1,2*, Laura Parker3, and Maria Byrne3 School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus K12, Locked Bag 2751, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Carslaw Building, Level 5, Camperdown 2006, Australia Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, F13, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia *Corresponding author: tel: +61 2 45 701306; fax: +61 2 45 701621; e-mail: pm.ross@westernsydney.edu. au
Managing Nutrition for Optimal Milk Components

Nitrogen is the primary nutrient of concern and the most complex for both the animal and the environment. From the animal perspective it is an important nutrient for maintenance and production. Protein tends to be overfed in rations either deliberately through ration formulation, or due to inadequate monitoring of feed management practices. Protein nutrition is challenging because there are various N fractions, especially with ensiled feeds, that add complexity when formulating rations and balancing them with carbohydrates. Excess protein fed results in increased N excretion. This is both an air and water quality concern.
A historical prolegomenon of the legal framework and urban land policy in Serbia as a basis for urban development

Urban construction land is a limited natural, social, economic, and public good. Urban land as a public good is subject of the government intervention and control (land registers, urban/spatial plans, legal and tax instruments, the market price of land), sometimes and repression (the expropriation, land grabbing2, etc.). Generally, land is one of the most important sources of wealth and social prestige in many societies (among property, land rents/revenues, consumer goods, socio-cultural values, social status, power, etc., see e.g. Weber, 2014), as well as an important economic and social advantage and can be the cause of social conflicts. According to prolegomena, the study of space (including urban land) has become the key concept for understanding many socio-economic, political and other processes.
Kinematics Governing Mechanotransduction in the Sensory Hair of the Venus flytrap

Insects fall prey to the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) when they touch the sensory hairs located on the flytrap lobes, causing sudden trap closure. The mechanical stimulus imparted by the touch produces an electrical response in the sensory cells of the trigger hair. These cells are found in a constriction near the hair base, where a notch appears around the hair’s periphery. There are mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) in the sensory cells that open due to a change in membrane tension; however, the kinematics behind this process is unclear. In this study, we investigate how the stimulus acts on the sensory cells by building a multi-scale hair model, using morphometric data obtained from μ-CT scans. We simulated a single-touch stimulus and evaluated the resulting cell wall stretch. Interestingly, the model showed that high stretch values are diverted away from the notch periphery and, instead, localized in the interior regions of the cell wall. We repeated our simulations for different cell shape variants to elucidate how the morphology influences the location of these high-stretch regions. Our results suggest that there is likely a higher mechanotransduction activity in these ’hotspots’, which may provide new insights into the arrangement and functioning of MSCs in the flytrap. Dataset: 10.3929/ethz-b-000448954
Teachers' Understanding of Bullying.

Using semi-structured interviews, we examined teachers' understanding of bullying of children in their classes. Although teachers' definitions of bullying included both direct and indirect behaviours, several factors influenced how they characterized and responded to incidents. These factors included whether the teachers viewed an incident as serious or considered a victimized child responsible, whether a child matched their assumptions about victim characteristics and behaviours, and whether they described feeling empathy for a child. The nature of the school environment and organization such as availability of systemic support in addressing bullying incidents were further factors that influenced teachers' awareness and responses.
Ultrasound-guided versus conventional lung recruitment manoeuvres in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text BACKGROUND Pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position promote the formation of pulmonary atelectasis during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine whether lung ultrasound-guided alveolar recruitment manoeuvres could reduce peri-operative atelectasis compared with conventional recruitment manoeuvres during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Tertiary hospital, Republic of Korea, from August 2018 to January 2019. PATIENTS Adult patients scheduled for laparoscopic gynaecological surgery under general anaesthesia. INTERVENTION Forty patients were randomised to receive either ultrasound-guided recruitment manoeuvres (manual inflation until no visibly collapsed area was seen with lung ultrasonography; intervention group) or conventional recruitment manoeuvres (single manual inflation with 30 cmH2O pressure; control group). Recruitment manoeuvres were performed 5 min after induction and at the end of surgery in both groups. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 8 ml kg−1 and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the lung ultrasound score at the end of surgery; a higher score indicates worse lung aeration. RESULTS Lung ultrasound scores at the end of surgery were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with control group (median [IQR], 7.5 [6.5 to 8.5] versus 9.5 [8.5 to 13.5]; difference, −2 [95% CI, −4.5 to −1]; P = 0.008). The intergroup difference persisted in the postanaesthesia care unit (7 [5 to 8.8] versus 10 [7.3 to 12.8]; difference, −3 [95% CI, −5.5 to −1.5]; P = 0.005). The incidence of atelectasis was lower in the intervention group compared with control group at the end of surgery (35 versus 80%; P = 0.010) but was comparable in the postanaesthesia care unit (40 versus 55%; P = 0.527). CONCLUSIONS The use of ultrasound-guided recruitment manoeuvres improves peri-operative lung aeration; these effects may persist in the postanaesthesia care unit. However, the long-term effects of ultrasound-guided recruitment manoeuvres on clinical outcomes should be the subject of future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03607240).
Sentimental Analysis based Review Classification in E-Commerce

Eventually the world is depending on the online sales of products rather than the offline sales since the comfort of online products is much more than the offline products. Amazon and has made a trademark in the retail business and ecommerce in the present world. So for each and every product there lies a review and how good is the product. The reviews are completely based and analysed depending upon the customer reviews and not on how the customer feels. Even when there are fake reviews you will never which might be a good product online. So, here we make use of ranking algorithm and sentimental analysis to bring out most high rated products based of consumer or customer reviews. Ranking is performed based on the aspect and features of the product. The reviews are consumed and analysed based on the sentiments of each aspect of the product. Based on the aspect ranking is consumed and thereby product ranking is also done. So, sentimental analysis plays a major role is detecting each consumers' sentiments in their text or reviews. Finally from this we can infer the best features of the product and also based on the aspect we can compare and get the best products from the online retail markets.
The Impacts of Institutions, Openness and Macroeconomic Stability on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis on Middle Income Countries

This study aims to analyze the impacts of indirect determinants such as institutions, trade-financial openness and macroeconomic stability on economic growth in 48 middle income countries. With this purpose, the impacts of the ten indicators in total belonging to the aforesaid variables for the term of 2002-2011 on economic growth are econometrically analyzed by using panel data analyses. According to the results of the analysis, institutions (political stability and absence of violence, regulatory quality and rule of law), trade and financial openness (M2/GDP), and macroeconomic stability (central government revenues/GDP) affect economic growth in a positive way. The results of the analysis show that institutions, openness and macroeconomic stability in middle income countries contribute to economic growth but that the level of this contribution is low.
RESTRUCTURING PRODUCTION AND WORK by Assar Lindbeck and

The paper analyzes the contemporary organizational restructuring of production and work and derives some salient implications for the labor market. The analysis focuses on the switch from occupational specialization at “Tayloristic” organizations to multi-tasking at “holistic” organizations. The restructuring process is shown to create demands for new combinations of skills and thereby “resegment” the labor market, raising the wages and job opportunities of some workers relative to others. We are indebted to Michael Orszag for his insightful comments, and have benefited from the suggestions of Ruth Klinov, Reuben Gronau, Eric Mellander, Torsten Persson, Jorgen Weibull, and seminar participants at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research (Stockholm), and the Institute for International Economic Studies (Stockholm). We have profited from discussions with Solveig Wikstrom on the reorganization of firms, and are grateful to Jorgen Nilsson for drawing the figures. REORGANIZATION OF FIRMS 1
Role of Edaravone as a Treatment Option for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to a loss of muscle control due to nerve cells being affected in the brain and spinal cord. Some of the common clinical presentations of ALS include weakness of muscles, changes in behavior, dysfunction in speech, and cognitive difficulties. The cause of ALS is uncertain, but through several studies, it is known that mutations in SOD1 or C9orf72 genes could play a role as a factor of ALS. In addition, studies indicate that an excessive amount of free radicals, the reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to neuronal damage by the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the neuronal cells. Edaravone, the newly approved antioxidant drug for ALS, halts the progression of ALS in the early stages through its cytoprotective effect and protects the nerves by reducing ROS. In this review, different aspects of ALS will be discussed, including its pathology, genetic aspect, and diagnosis. This review also focuses on edaravone as a treatment option for ALS, its mechanism of action, and its pharmacological properties. Clinical trials and adverse effects of edaravone and care for ALS patient are also discussed.
Displacing Lagrangian toric fibers by extended probes

In this paper we introduce a new way of displacing Lagrangian fibers in toric symplectic manifolds, a generalization of McDuff’s original method of probes. Extended probes are formed by deflecting one probe by another auxiliary probe. Using them, we are able to displace all fibers in Hirzebruch surfaces except those already known to be nondisplaceable, and can also displace an open dense set of fibers in the weighted projective space P . 1; 3; 5/ after resolving the singularities. We also investigate the displaceability question in sectors and their resolutions. There are still many cases in which there is an open set of fibers whose displaceability status is unknown.