Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization in an Error Backpropagation NeuralNetwork Environment with a Performance Teston a Pattern Classification Problem

Various techniques of optimizing the multiple class cross-entropy error function to train single hidden layer neural network classifiers with softmax output transfer functions are investigated on a real-world multispectral pixel-by-pixel classification problem that is of fundamental importance in remote sensing. These techniques include epoch-based and batch versions of backpropagation of gradient descent, PR-conjugate gradient and BFGS quasi-Newton errors. The method of choice depends upon the nature of the learning task and whether one wants to optimize learning for speed or generalization performance. It was found that, comparatively considered, gradient descent error backpropagation provided the best and most stable out-of-sample performance results across batch and epoch-based modes of operation. If the goal is to maximize learning speed and a sacrifice in generalisation is acceptable, then PR-conjugate gradient error backpropagation tends to be superior. If the training set is very large, stochastic epoch-based versions of local optimizers should be chosen utilizing a larger rather than a smaller epoch size to avoid inacceptable instabilities in the generalization results. (authors' abstract)
Effect of Subchronic Administration of Captopril on a1-Adrenoceptor Agonist-Induced Contraction of Isolated Aorta in Rat

Angiotensin II is a major endocrine hormone that affects directly both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Since vascular reactivity to angiotensin II changes in more physiological and pathophysiological conditions, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and captopril (30 and 50 mg kg -1 , once daily for 8 weeks) on contractile response of rat aorta. After 8 weeks, the treated rats were anesthetized, their thoracic aortas were excised and placed in a Petri dish filled with Krebs solution for recording of contraction and relaxation response. The obtained results showed that captopril did not modify body weight gain and food or water intake but contractile response of aortic rings to phenylephrine in treated rats with 30 and 50 mg kg -1 captopril, in the presence of endothelium, decreases about 11-22% and 29-32% (P<0.05-P<0.01), respectively, when compared to the controls. Denuded aortic rings from 30 and 50 mg kg -1 captopril-treated rats showed 11-21% and 7-11% decrease in contractile response, respectively. There was a marked endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine in 50 mg kg -1 captopril-treated rats compared to the controls (P<0.05). Endothelium-independent relaxation response to isosorbide dinitrate showed no significant difference in all groups. According to these results, it is suggested that captopril exerts its relaxant effect directly and/or indirectly through endothelium by production and releasing of endothelium
Balance errors in numerical solutions of shallow water equations

Abstract: An analysis of the conservative properties of shallow water equations is presented, focused on the consistency of their numerical solution with the conservation laws of mass and momentum. Two different conservative forms are considered, solved by an implicit box scheme. Theoretical analysis supported with numerical experiments is carried out for a rectangular channel and arbitrarily assumed flow conditions. The improper conservative form of the dynamic equation is shown not to guarantee a correct solution with respect to the conservation of momentum. Consequently, momentum balance errors occur in the numerical solution. These errors occur when artificial diffusion is simultaneously generated by a numerical algorithm.
Vancomycin-Resistant MRSA Induced by β-Lactam Antibiotics in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt

Immunocompromised patients, such as those suffering from cancer often become infected by Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Particularly the infection by MRSA (Hirao et al., 2012). Owing to the multi-antibiotic-resistant nature of MRSA, only a few number of antibiotics can be tried; the commonest one is VA or the recently discovered LZD (Boucher et al., International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 3606-3619 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Random field solutions to linear SPDEs driven by symmetric pure jump Lévy space-time white noises

We study the notions of mild solution and generalized solution to a linear stochastic partial differential equation driven by a pure jump symmetric L\'evy white noise. We identify conditions for existence for these two kinds of solutions, and we identify conditions under which they are essentially equivalent. We establish a necessary condition for the existence of a random field solution to a linear SPDE, and we apply this result to the linear stochastic heat, wave and Poisson equations driven by a symmetric $\alpha$-stable noise.
Energy management strategies for combined heat and electric power micro-grid

The increasing energy production from variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar has resulted in several challenges related to the system reliability and efficiency. In order to ensure the supply-demand balance under the conditions of higher variability the micro-grid concept of active distribution networks arising as a promising one. However, to achieve all the potential benefits that micro-gird concept offer, it is important to determine optimal operating strategies for micro-grids. The present paper compares three energy management strategies, aimed at ensuring economical micro-grid operation, to find a compromise between the complexity of strategy and its efficiency. The first strategy combines optimization technique and an additional rule while the second strategy is based on the pure optimization approach. The third strategy uses model based predictive control scheme to take into account uncertainties in renewable generation and energy consumption. In order to compare the strategies with respect to cost effectiveness, a residential micro-grid comprising photovoltaic modules, thermal energy storage system, thermal loads, electrical loads as well as combined heat and power plant, is considered.
Fe + N Noncompensated Codoping TiO 2 Nanowires : The Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties

The Fe + N codoped nanowire samples are prepared by hydro-thermal method and annealed in NH 3 atmosphere. The XRD (Xray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscope), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) results indicate that the samples are pure anatase nanowires.The Fe + N codoped samples have the highest specific surface area, the largest red-shift, and the largest absorption enhancement in the visible light range compared with Fe doped, N doped, and undoped nanowires. The measurements of XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) show that N content of Fe + N codoped TiO 2 is about two times as large as that of the N doped TiO 2 . It is assumed that nitrogen doping plays a very important role for the photocatalytic activity increase and hence the Fe + N codoped nanowire TiO 2 shows the most effective photocatalytic activity under the visible light irradiation.
Six d.o.f Haptic Rendered Simulation of the Peg-in-Hole Assembly

A new paradigm for programming of robotics manipulator to perform complex constrained motion tasks is being studied. The teaching of the manipulation skills to the machine starts by demonstmting those skills in a haptic -rendered virtual environment. Position and contact force and torque data generated in the virtual environment combined with a priori knowledge about the task is used to identify and learn the skills in the newly demonstrated tasks and then to reproduce them in the robotics system. The peg-in-hole insertion problem is used as a case study. In the ftrst implementation of the virtual manipulahon envlfonment, a three degree-offreedom (3DOF) haptic device called PHANToM Premium 1.0 and its accompanying software, GHOST were used to construct the virtual manipulation. The developed system proved quite stable when the peg-in-hole insertion was performed using 3DOF Phantom. However, employment of a six degree-of-freedom PHANToM Premium 1.5 destabilised the process and introduced strong oscillations. The work conducted to stabilise this system is reported. Three new algorithms including modilled PointShell, modifted TriPolyMesh and dual-gstCylinder developed and applied to the virtual assembly are explained. The major differences between the new algorithms and previous methods are highlighted. The progress up-to-date is provided.
In Vivo Safety of Aqueous Extracts of Maytemus putterlickoides, Senna spectabilis and Olinia usambarensis on Mice Models

Plant products are used as the primary health care in developing countries due to their availability and affordability compared to conventional methods. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population use herbal preparations in the management and treatment of diseases. Herbal products are now readily available in supermarkets and drug stores. The therapeutic value of these herbal products is believed to be due to the presence of bioactive elements present in the plant parts. Toxicity studies should, however be carried to ascertain the safety of the herbal preparation. In this study, safety studies were carried out through biochemical assays, histopathology and hematological tests. The plant extracts led to changes in body weight, hematological and histopathological changes like increase in lymphocyte number. High dose of orally administered Olinia usambarensis also caused microcytic hypochromic anemia. Senna spectabilis and Olinia usambarensis revealed intense infiltration of inflammatory cells causing necrosis and loss of cellular details of the kidney. This study will enhance understanding of the safety of ethno-medical materials in the management of diarrhea caused by bacterial pathogens.
Optimal Conditions for the Control of Ebola Viral Disease

In this paper, we discuss the asymptotic behavior of the optimal condition to control Ebola virus by considering the SEIRS model. First, we show stability and dynamical behavior of the model. Then, we find the conditions on parameters used in model which would minimize number of infected individuals. Finally, we give the graphical representations for different data.
Examining intercultural differences in close friendship maintenance on Facebook: a relational dialectics perspective

Close friendship is a crucial and distinctive interpersonal tie that can survive a lifetime. Maintaining such friendships at a satisfactory level, even with the aid of social networking websites (SNS) such as Facebook, can be a challenging process. Previous research has shown that relationship satisfaction among close friends depends both upon relationship maintenance strategies (e.g., positivity, openness, supportiveness) and the management of dialectical contradictions (e.g., openness-closeness and autonomy-connection). Furthermore, cultural differences may also dictate how individuals choose to maintain close friendships online. Therefore, guided by the relational dialectic perspective, a key objective of this research was to determine whether the role of Facebook in friendship maintenance differs significantly across two cultures: the U.S. and Malaysia. All participants completed an online survey in which they were asked to think of a close friend with whom they communicated both face-to-face and on Facebook. Among others, findings showed that Malaysian respondents perceived their close friends as using certain maintenance strategies (i.e., positivity, interaction planning, openness, social information seeking, and avoidance) significantly more often than did Americans. Culture also influenced how relational dialectics moderate the relationship between maintenance strategies and relationship satisfaction among close friends. The implications of the findings for the role of Facebook in close friendship maintenance across culture, and the relational dialectics theory will be discussed. Keywords: Cultural value orientations, close friendships, relational dialectics, relationship maintenance strategies, social networking websites (SNS).
Female directorship, director compensation, managerial shareholding, and price-earnings multiple of Nigerian firms

The failure of business entities across the globe has continued to draw the attention of stakeholders of those entities. Due to these problems, different countries issued corporate governance regulations to avoid the repeat of the past. Part of the aims of these CG guides is to increase firm value. In Nigeria, similar guidelines issued for firms are referred to as codes of CG. However, arguments exist between stakeholders on whether those corporate governance mechanisms increase the value of shareholders. Some investment analysts suggest the consideration of governance mechanism before investment, while some argue that CG practices are not necessary for Nigeria. To address this problem, this research empirically examines the effects of female directorship, director compensation and managerial shareholding on price-earnings multiple of Nigerian firms. The research uses data from 100 firms listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The study used the generalized method of moments (GMM) to estimate the regression due to endogeneity problem amongst the variables. The study reveals a significant positive association between female directorship, director compensation, managerial shareholding and price-earnings multiple at 10%, 1% and 10%, respectively. Therefore, it recommends additional females on board, compensation for directors and more managerial share ownership.
Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in the Gulf of California, Mexico

The population of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), in the Gulf of California numbers approximately 23,000 individuals, 82% of which inhabit the northern region of the gulf above latitude 28° (AuriolesGamboa and Zavala-Gonzalez, 1994). In this region are found the most important reproductive areas and the highest pup production of the Gulf. Aurioles-Gamboa and Zavala-Gonzalez (1994) suggested that the high concentration of animals in this region is related to high abundance of pelagic fi sh such as Pacifi c sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) (also known as South American pilchard, FAO), Pacifi c mackerel (Scomber japonicus), Pacific thread herring (Opisthonema libertate), and anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus)
Working Paper Series Department of Economics University of Verona The Sharing Rule : Where Is It ?

The search for a robust and stable sharing rule has led us to novel results about identification of the rule governing the intra-household allocation of resources. We introduce an income proportionality property that directly connects distribution factors with individual incomes and implement this identifying condition to obtain an exact correspondence between the structural and reduced form of the adopted collective demand equations. The paper first reexamines the collective model of household consumption and shows that a) the collective model as traditionally developed is not identified, b) illustrates the novel income proportionality condition, and c) derives a restriction allowing full identification. In the tradition of collective theory, we exploit information about private consumption of an assignable good, clothing for adults and children in our application, prices and distribution factor variation to estimate how resources are shared between adults and children in a sample of Italian households. Previous estimations of collective models where only limited to either the direct or indirect estimation of the structure. Our results open up the possibility of a direct structural estimation of a collective system of demand equations, and associated individual Engel curves, as easily as estimating a demand system based on a unitary framework. JEL codes: C30, D11, D12, D13.
Constructivist-based Instructional Design of Workshop and Discovery

Based on the analysis of workshops teaching mode, this article integrated the constructivist concept into workshops and elaborated the four elements which should be underlined in conduction of constructivism workshop. Three patterns of constructivist instructional design workshops were developed and the respective roles of teachers and students playing in the workshop also were discussed and cleared in this paper. Index Terms - Constructivist Workshop Instructional design Discovery Learning mode
SIGNIFICANCE OF INLET AIR TEMPERATURE ON REDUCING ENGINE-OUT EMISSIONS OF DI DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN ENRICHED HYDROGEN GAS

Increase in air pollution due to automotives is an important problem worldwide. Present experimental work concerns with the influence of inlet air temperature along with oxygen enriched hydrogen gas on reduction of exhaust emission and increasing the fuel economy of a DI diesel engine. Here, the oxygen enriched hydrogen gas was produced by the process of water electrolysis. When the potential difference is applied across the anode and the cathode electrodes of the electrolyzer, water is transmuted into oxygen enriched hydrogen gas. The produced gas was aspirated into the combustion process of petroleum diesel along with intake air at the flow rate of 4.6 liters per minute (lpm). The results are very promising. The fuel economy enhanced and simultaneously engine exhaust emissions by the addition of oxygen enriched hydrogen gas with change in inlet air charge temperature. In this investigation inlet air temperature was changed from normal operating temperature of 30C to 35C and 25C. When the flow rate of the gas mixture was 4.6 lpm with increased inlet air charge temperature of 35C, brake specific energy consumption of the test engine got decreased from 14.8 MJ/kWh to 12.72 MJ/kWh, by a decrease of 14.06%, and unburned hydrocarbon emission from 66 ppm to 51 ppm, by a decrease of 22.73%. Smoke emission reduced substantially from 42 HSU to 29 HSU, by a reduction of 30.95%. However; the NOX emission got increased from 420 ppm to 496 ppm, i.e., by 18.1%. Keywords– Electrolysis, oxygen enriched hydrogen gas, inlet air temperature, engine-out emissions
A system to detect Phishing mail

- in order to get the sensitive user data like online banking user-id and passwords or credit card information, social networking site’s data which may then be used by ‘phishers’ for their own personal gain or they may hire by firm or agency to do this is the primary objective of the phishing e-mails. Online activities has increased now a days exponentially so phishing scams which have now started achieving monstrous proportions. In this paper we present an Anti-Phishing application for the end user which keeps track of the url’s and sites with which the user indulges in financial transactions, scans his e-mail account for mails which appear to have come from these institutions and detect him against suspected phishing e-mails, if the same are detected in his mailbox.
Intraspecific Diversity of Freshwater Murrel, Channa punctatus

Variation in the morphometric and meristic characters of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) across the different environmental gradient was analyzed in order to study the intraspecific divergence in C. punctatus. A linear relationship was noted between different body measurements and total length of the fish in each environment. Significant variations in the morphometric and meristic characters were noted between the populations of C. punctatus. In one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), a total of 13 morphometric traits out of 15 and 2 meristic traits out of 5 were found to be significantly different (p<0.05) between the populations, in which most of the morphometric traits were highly significant (p<0.001). Differences between the slopes of various regression lines of each morphometric measurements between the compared populations were also found to be significant at 0.1%, 1% and 5%. These findings indicate the presence of different phenotypic stocks of C. punctatus across the environmental gradient.
Increased Visual Attention to Moderate Causes Mitigates the Discounting Effect

Previous research has demonstrated that people exhibit discounting when presented with two possible causes of an event. That is, when a moderately effective cause is learned about in the presence of a highly effective cause, the efficacy of the moderate cause is underestimated (e.g. Goedert & Spellman, 2005). According to the EXIT model (Kruschke, 2001), people learn which cues in their environment are relevant and shift attention away from non-relevant cues; thus, discounting may involve a "learned inattention. " Here, I directly assessed whether forcing individuals to attend to a candidate cause changes their perceptions regarding the cause's effectiveness. Participants simultaneously learned about two potential causes of a common outcome: one moderately effective in producing the outcome (target) and the other either strongly effective, weakly effective or confounded with the target. During encoding of the contingency information, I manipulated participants' visual attention by asking them to perform a secondary peripheral cueing task that directed their attention primarily towards the left or the right. After encoding the contingency information, participants rated the effectiveness of each cause on a numeric scale ranging from -100 to +loo. When the target appeared on the right, discounting disappeared, which suggests that discounting may be due in part to an a-priori rightward attentional bias. At the same time, increasing attention to the alternative, confounded cause enhanced participants' propensity to control for that alternative when judging the effectiveness of the target cause.
The Evaluation Criterion for Color Image Segmentation Algorithms

The Evaluation Criterion for Color Image Segmentation Algorithms Image segmentation is first and very important step in image analysis. The main idea of image segmentation is to simplify and change image into easier and meaningful form to analyze. Image segmentation is process, which locate objects in image. Many segmentation algorithms have been created for different applications. The algorithms are used in traffic applications, army applications, web applications, medical applications, studying and many others. In present time, do not exist restful objective methods to evaluate segmentation algorithms. This paper presents evaluation criterion based on measurement of precision of boundary segmentation. Moreover, the automatic segmentation algorithms in comparison with human segmentation results were tested. Four most used image segmentation algorithms, namely, Efficient graph based, K-means, Mean shift and Belief propagation are compared by designed criterion. The criterion computes three evaluation parameters like precision, recall and F1 and the results are presented in the tables and graphs at the end of the paper.
ROBUSTNESS OF OPTION PRICES AND THEIR DELTAS IN MARKETS MODELLED BY JUMP-DIFFUSIONS

We study the robustness of option prices to model variation within a jump-diusion framework. In particular we consider models in which the small variations in price dynamics are modeled with a Poisson random measure with innite activity and models in which these small variations are modeled with a Brownian motion. We show that option prices are robust. Moreover we study the computation of the deltas in this framework with two approaches, the Malliavin method and the Fourier method. We show robustness of the deltas to the model variation.