Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE AND INTEGRATION OF FARMING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WITHIN AGRIBUSINESS CHAINS

Nowadays is recognized that the agriculture goes beyond that only the food production, so the concept of agricultural multifunctionality is introduced in order to describe this fact, recovering the true sense of the agriculture, and classifying its functions in three groups: 1) food security, 2) environment, and 3) socio cultural. In each one of these functions, the agricultural production systems generate two categories of products: a) the traditional outputs (commodities), such as food, fibers and energy, and b) the non traditional outputs (non-commodities), which included aspects related with the environment and territory, employment, human resources and work, food safety and quality, animal welfare, food security and economic autonomy of the rural regions among others. Finally, we explore the evolution that agricultural production systems have had from a productivist focus toward a model where the new paradigm is the multifunctional agriculture, where the developing countries could have an important place.
Quasi Empirical Likelihood Estimation of Moment Condition Models

In this paper, I develop a quasi empirical likelihood estimator that has good finite-sample properties when there are many moment conditions. I show that the quasi empirical likelihood estimator, which uses semiparametric efficient estimation, is an approximation to the empirical likelihood estimator, which has been shown to have good statistical properties. The quasi empirical likelihood estimator is a consistent estimator and has a normal asymptotic distribution. As with the full-blown empirical likelihood estimator, the quasi empirical likelihood estimator reduces finite-sample bias, but is much simpler to compute than the empirical likelihood estimator. Monte Carlo experiments and a quick validation exercise confirm my theoretical results
On the Structure Sensitivity of CO Oxidation on Alumina Supported Pd--Pt Bimetallic Catalysts

Sarp KAYA, Ebru ERUNAL, Riad SHALTAF, Şinasi ELLIALTIOĞLU and Deniz UNER1,∗ Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531 TURKEY e-mail: uner@metu.edu. tr Present Address: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA Present Address: Albert-Ludwigs Universitat, Inst. fur Phys.Chem.1, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, GERMANY Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531 TURKEY Present Address: Unite Physico-Chimie et de Physique des Mat’eriaux (PCPM) Universite catholique de Louvain UCL/SE/FSA/MAPR/PCPM Louvain-la-Neuve, BELGIUM
Robustness of adiabatic passage through a quantum phase transition

We analyse the crossing of a quantum critical point based on exact results for the transverse XY model. In dependence of the change rate of the driving field, the evolution of the ground state is studied while the transverse magnetic field is tuned through the critical point with a linear ramping. The excitation probability is obtained exactly and is compared to previous studies and to the Landau–Zener formula, a long time solution for non-adiabatic transitions in two-level systems. The exact time dependence of the excitations density in the system allows us to identify the adiabatic and diabatic regions during the sweep and to study the mesoscopic fluctuations of the excitations. The effect of white-noise is investigated, where the critical point transmutes into a non-Hermitian ‘degenerate region’. Besides an overall increase of the excitations during and at the end of the sweep, the most destructive effect of the noise is the decay of the state purity that is enhanced by the passage through the degenerate region.
The short-run and long-run effects of decentralizing public employment services

A German policy experiment from 2012 allows me to identify the short-run and longrun causal effects of decentralization on the placement efficiency of public employment services (PES). I exploit variation over time and across districts with different types of PES in a difference-in-differences framework. Decentralization had significant negative effects on placements in the short run, but not in the long run. This points to a transition process, during which caseworkers acquire relevant placement skills. Decentralization also had a persistent negative effect on sanctions on the welfare recipients, which probably indicates a reluctance of local authorities to reduce the well-being of their potential voters.
Numerical simulations of a shock interacting with multiple magnetized clouds

We present 2D adiabatic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a shock interacting with groups of two or three cylindrical clouds. We study how the presence of a nearby cloud influences the dynamics of this interaction, and explore the resulting differences and similarities in the evolution of each cloud. The understanding gained from this small-scale study will help to interpret the behaviour of systems with many 10s or 100s of clouds.We observe a wide variety of behaviour in the interactions studied, which is dependent on the initial positions of the clouds and the orientation and strength of the magnetic field. We find (i) some clouds are stretched along their field lines, whereas others are confined by their field lines; (ii) upstream clouds may accelerate past downstream clouds (though magnetic tension can prevent this); (iii) clouds may also change their relative positions transverse to the direction of shock propagation as they 'slingshot' past each other; (iv) downstream clouds may be offered some protection from the oncoming flow as a result of being in the lee of an upstream cloud; (v) the cycle of cloud compression and re-expansion is generally weaker when there are nearby neighbouring clouds; (vi) the plasma β in cloud material can vary rapidly as clouds collide with one another, but low values of β are always transitory. This work is relevant to studies of multiphase regions, where fast, low-density gas interacts with dense clouds, such as in circumstellar bubbles, supernova remnants, superbubbles and galactic winds.
Privacy and Security Issues of Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is a new computing paradigm that benefit from the distributed resources to solve large scale computing problems. During the last few years, cloud computing has grown rapidly as promising business idea in the IT industry due to its characteristics such as cost reduction, flexibility, convenience, and scalability. Unfortunately, there are several issues reduce the cloud computing growth such as loss of security, privacy, and control. The security problem is considered a major factor that could prevent the development of cloud computing. In this paper, we explored the cloud computing classification, challenges, and opportunities. Moreover, we review and discuss the cloud computing security issues and accountability. We emphasize that although there are many security models were proposed to improve the cloud security, but there is no any currently available solution to handle all security issues. Therefore, the future research has to be focus on solving the security issues and an accountability mechanism has to be developed.
Periodic Signals of the Milky Way Concealed in Terrestrial Sedimentary Basin Fills and in Planetary Magmatism

Long periodic geodynamic processes with durations between 150 and 600 Million years appear to be in phase with similar galactic cycles, caused by the path of the solar system through the spiral arms of the Milky Way. This path is assumed by some authors to cause climate change due to cosmic ray fluctuations, affecting the cloud formation and the related albedo of the Earth, which periodically lead to glaciations every 150 Ma. With the glaciations, the sea level fluctuates accordingly. Subsequently, the varying sizes of shallow seas are causing periodic changes of the Moon’s tidal dissipation, which affects presumably other geodynamic processes on the Earth. The Moon may therefore synchronize directly or indirectly long periodic Phanerozoic cycles (sea level, orogeny, magmatism, sedimentation, etc.) with the Milky Way. As sea level fluctuations, orogeny, sedimentation and magmatism can be described as members of a geodynamic feedback system; no apparent reasons appear to be required to assign a cause of the cyclicity to agents outside of the galactic-climatically synchronized Earth-Moon system. However, recent observations of young volcanism on the near Earth terrestrial planets may require a new understanding. Magmatic/volcanic episodes on Venus, Mars and Mercury as well as on the Earth’s Moon are apparently contemporaneous thermal events accompanying increased magmatic/volcanic activities on the Earth, following a 300 myr cycle. Therefore, a collateral galactic thermal source within the Milky Way appears to be needed that only affects the interior of the planets without any recognizable direct effect on life and geology on the Earth. The search for such a source may lead to astrophysical questions, related to a spiral arm affected distribution of dark energy, dark matter or even specific neutrino sources. However, all possible astrophysical answers are outside of the author’s competence.
Clindamicina para el tratamiento de infecciones dentales

La clindamicina es un antibiotico de amplio espectro con actividad contra los aerobios grampositivos y una extensa gama de bacterias anaerobias, entre ellas los patogenos productores de betalactamasa. Los estudios in vitro e in vivo han demostrado que este farmaco alcanza una concentracion elevada en el punto de infeccion, reduce la virulencia de las bacterias y refuerza las actividades fagociticas de los linfocitos inmunitarios del huesped. La clindamicina por via oral se absorbe con rapidez y eficacia, y su concentracion permanece por encima de la concentracion inhibidora minima de la mayoria de los organismos por lo menos durante 6 horas. En este analisis, presentaremos pruebas de la eficacia e inocuidad de la clindamicina en el tratamiento de las infecciones odontogenicas con datos de estudios preclinicos y clinicos, los cuales avalan la aplicacion general de este antibiotico como antiinfeccioso en el campo de la odontologia
Application of Decision Analytic Model in Health Economic Evaluation: Smoking Cessation Cases

Health economic evaluation that encompasses decision analytic model is a beneficial approach for assisting decision maker to choose the best health intervention for patients. Decision analytic model has been increasingly applied in health economic evaluation. This mathematical approach is mostly used for conducting cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions. Decision tree and Markov model has been widely applied in the past 20 years. Decision tree is the simplest form of decision model that drawn by the series of branches and clear pathways. Meanwhile, Markov model is one of the powerful approaches that employ stochastic process in health economic eval­uation. This paper describes the applications of those two models in tobacco cessations, specifically for pharmacological interventions. First, decision tree for cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation program with pharmacist and thera­pies interventions compared to no program or self-aid cessation. Second, the application of Markov model estimates cost-effectiveness of veranicline, in comparison to bupropion. Markov model is constructed with morbidity and mortality states that consists of: well/no morbidities, lung cancer, COPD, stroke, myocar­dial infarction, and dead. This paper provides step by step of populating and constructing the model-with some modification of data. Several sections discuss the understanding of transition probabilities, costs data, cohort simulation, and the role of sensitivity analysis. Other models, despite deterministic approach, prob­abilistic approach are also reviewed. Both of models had both advantages and limitation that analysts should be aware of. Translating the ‘real world’ to mathematical model yields beneficial and insightful information for analysts. In addition, it could fulfill the need of evidence-based policy by decision maker. From simulation, the model may easy to be replicated-with appropriate context to generate evidence related health and costs.
Interferenzen Gi/o gekoppelter Rezeptoren am Beispiel des azetylcholinduzierbaren Kaliumstromes an atrialen Kardiomyozyten der Ratte

A recently described reduction in sensitivity of G protein-activated inward-rectifying K (GIRK) channels to stimulation of muscarinic M2 receptors (M2AChR) in atrial myocytes overexpressing purinergicA1 receptors (A1AdoR) was further investigated by heterologous expression of a 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and by reducing the expression level of endogenous M2AChR receptors using antisense. In 5-HT1ARexpressing myocytes, in line with previous studies, sizable GIRK currents could be activated by 5-HT. In these cells, the mean current density and activation rate of M2AChR-activated current were significantly reduced, supporting the notion that signalling via this receptor is negatively regulated by other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) coupling to the same class (Gi/o) of G proteins. To study if reducing M2AChR expression affects sensitivity of GIRK current to stimulation of A1AdoR, antisense oligodinucleotides (AsODN) against the M2AChR were used. Incubation of myocytes with M2AChR-specific AsODN resulted in a significant reduction in mean amplitude and activation rate of ACh-induced currents. This was paralleled by an increase in mean amplitude and activation rate of current activated by stimulation ofA1AdoR. Plotting amplitudes of 5-HTor Ado-induced currents from individual manipulated cells against the amplitude of ACh-induced current yielded a positive correlation between these data. Although difficult to interpret in mechanistic terms, this argues against a competition of receptors for a common pool of Gi/o. The mutual interaction between Gi/o-coupled receptors depends on manipulation of the expression level, since long-term desensitization or down regulation of M2AChR by treatment with carbachol did not affect sensitivity of GIRK current to A1AdoR stimulation, despite a substantial reduction in amplitude and activation rate of M2AChR-activated currents. These data suggest a novel crosstalk between parallel receptors converging on the same class of G proteins. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Zambia's Health Sector Wide Approach (Swap) Revisited

Prominent among the new measures for strengthening health systems and coordinating donor support in Africa are Sector Wide Approaches (SWAps). SWAps merit attention because of their emphasis on strong partnerships; focus on fostering greater efficiency and equity; reduced transaction costs; increased government ownership; and financial and institutional sustainability. Zambia implemented a health SWAp in 1993 and is regarded as one of the front runners the world over. The drive to adopt the health SWAp in Zambia was dictated by the need to improve aid effectiveness after a perceived failure of vertical projects. This book evaluates the contribution of the health SWAp to aid effectiveness in the health sector in Zambia as an aid mechanism as well as a method of working (process). The analysis is diverse and recognizes that aid does not have a direct effect on health outcomes but that it operates via transmission mechanisms which ideally determine its effectiveness. The book should be useful to policy makers in government, international and national aid agencies, and scholars in the field of health and development economics.
Coupled dynamics of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide cycling and the microbial food web in surface waters of the North Atlantic

Oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS), the main natural source of sulfur to the global atmosphere, is suggested to play a key role in the interaction between marine biota and climate. Its biochemical precursor is dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a globally distributed, intracellular constituent in marine phytoplankton. During a multidisciplinary Lagrangian experiment in the subpolar North Atlantic, we determined the fluxes of DMSP and DMS through phytoplankton, microzooplankton, and bacterioplankton and compared them with concurrent carbon and sulfur fluxes through primary and secondary productions, grazing, and release and use of dissolved organic matter. We found that DMSP and derivatives contributed most (48–100%) of the sulfur fluxes and 5–15% of the carbon fluxes. Our findings highlight DMSP as a prominent player in pelagic biogeochemical pumps, especially as a major carrier in organic sulfur cycling. Also, our results illustrate the key role played by microzooplankton and heterotrophic bacteria (hence the microbial food web) in controlling the amount of phytoplanktonic DMSP that ultimately vents to the atmosphere in the form of DMS.
The Effect Of Shape Memory Alloys In Vibration Suppression Of A Cantilever Beam

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the shape of Nitinol strips on shifting the natural frequency of a cantilever beam. Nitinol belongs to a group of metallic materials known as Shape Memory Alloys (SMA). Nitinol strips were attached to the cantilever beam in order to reduce the vibration of the beam upon activation. The results show that Nitinol strips with curved memory are more effective than straight strips in shifting the natural frequency of the system.
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

This thesis presents the design and the implementation of Oulu Traffic Simulation System (OTSS), a traffic simulation system for the City of Oulu, Finland. Following agent-based approach, the simulation generates artificial agents that represent the population synthesis of the City of Oulu. Data from several sources, including official statistics, government-organized open data and crowdsourced information were collected and used as input for the simulation. Two traffic demand models are presented in this thesis: (1) the random model which generates traffic trips as random, discrete events; and (2) the activity-based model which defines traffic trips as sequential events in the agents' day plan. The software development of the system follows the spiral model of software development and enhancement. During the implementation, several development cycles were conducted before the UML software design. The system was executed on two computation systems to test its real-time performance. To evaluate the traffic models, data extracted from the simulation was compared with aggregated survey data from Finnish Transport Agency and traffic count stations around the city. The results showed that a typical server is capable of running the simulation, and even though there were differences in the duration and distance of individual trips, the simulation reflects real-life traffic count significantly well.
Defining Relational Stalking in Research: Understanding Sample Composition in Relation to Repetition and Duration of Harassment

Due to ambiguities in stalking laws and the concept of stalking more generally, it is difficult for researchers to operationalize stalking for the purpose of selecting samples of perpetrators or victims. In an attempt to develop an empirical basis for operationalizing relational stalking, this study examined unwanted intrusions in a community and student sample. Participants (N = 1738) completed a questionnaire assessing the repetition and duration of their unwanted intrusive behaviour following the termination of a relationship or pursuit of a romantic relationship. The consequences of applying different cut-offs of repetition and duration of harassment were examined in relation to the proportion of participants who self-reported intent to frighten, intimidate or harm the target, perceived target fear or harm and the use of violence and/or threats. Engaging in some form of unwanted pursuit was almost normative (75% of the sample). When higher levels of repetition were used to define stalking, the sample comprised participants who reported engaging in more serious forms of intrusive behaviour. Applying different cut-offs of duration appeared to have less of an effect on sample composition than did repetition. Criteria that may help to capture more serious forms of stalking behaviour, as opposed to normative behaviour, are discussed.
Export Problems Among Small and Medium Scale Industries in Klang Valley: A Preliminary Finding

This research aims to identify the severity of the export barriers faced by small and medium scales enterprises (SMEs) in Klang Valley. Ten export barrier were listed and the result shows the five main problems are “Adapt Products”,” Fluctuating Exchange Rate”, “Lack of Foreign Channels of Distribution”, “Risks Involved in Selling Abroad”, “Lack of Capital to Finance” and “High Cost of Selling Abroad” regardless of the type of industries. The analysis indicated that the severity of the barriers differs from each industry to another. It is also found that with more years of experience in exporting the weaker will be the barriers since firms are able to cope better and learn from their experiences.
A Case Study on the Relationship between Fitness Intensity and Dietary Pattern to Intestinal Flora

Exercise and diet are two major factors that can cause change to the structure or the biodiversity of human gut microbiota. In this manuscript we have studied relationship between fitness intensity and dietary pattern to intestinal flora by evaluating case studies and analyzing data. We found that if only a single factor was considered, the correlation between diet pattern and individual intestinal flora was higher than that of body strength and individual intestinal flora. If they consider both the correlation between the two and individual intestinal flora, the correlation between fitness intensity was even higher.
Analytical approach to estimate SIF values for damaged steel plates repaired by CFRP laminate

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have shown great promise in enhancing the fatigue life of metallic structures. Stress intensity factor (SIF) is a key parameter to analyze the progress of crack development using linear elastic fracture mechanics. Much research has been done focusing on the fatigue life and the SIF value of CFRP strengthened metallic elements. However, most of these studies relied on the experimental and numerical methods, which are expensive and time-consuming. This paper aims to develop an analytical approach to estimate the SIF value of CFRP repaired steel plate. The results from the analytical method compared well with these obtained using the finite element method, which demonstrated the analytical model was applicable in SIF prediction.
Survei : Question Classification untuk Question Answering System

Question Classification (QC) merupakan salah satu dari tiga komponen utama yang ada dalam Question Answering System (QAS). QC berfungsi untuk mereduksi ruang pencarian sehingga dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan akurasi QAS. Secara umum kajian tentang QC dapat dibagi menjadi dua bidang yaitu memperdalam analisis fitur yang meliputi analisis leksikal, sintaksis dan semantik serta improvisasi algoritma klasifikasi. Artikel ini berisi laporan survei tentang algoritma klasifikasi untuk QC berdasarkan tiga pendekatan yang sering digunakan yaitu: Knowledge-Based (KB), Machine Learning (ML) dan Hybrid antara KB dan ML, serta dengan metode Feature Selection (FS). Tujuan dari survei adalah untuk melihat perkembangan QC melalui pendekatan metode yang digunakan serta melihat peluang penelitian yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan performa QC. Dari hasil survei dapat diperoleh gambaran secara umum bahwa kajian di bidang QC masih bisa dieksplorasi lebih dalam lagi terutama pada wilayah open-domain dengan ukuran data yang besar serta domain bahasa yang