Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Developmental Environment of the Preterm Baby

Over the past two decades Britain, like many other countries, has developed a system of special care units for sick and preterm babies. These, together with the intensive care units which some of them incorporate, now admit between 15 and 20% of all newborn babies. Admission to these units and the employment there of a growing range of invasive treatments has led to a profound change in the neonatal environment for these babies and their parents. Some of these changes have provoked anxiety about their possible consequences for the development of these children. This, article describes some of the aspects of the environment of the preterm baby that have given rise to concern and some of the ways in which we may reduce the potential risks.
Die Erfassung yon Konduktorinnen der progressiven Muskeldystrophie Typ Duchenne mittels Diskriminanzanalyse verschiedener Serumenzymaktivit iten

Ein eharakteristisehes Symptom bei Patienten mit X-chromosomal vererbter progressiver Muskeldystrophie vom Typ Duchenne ist die Aktivit/itssteigerung verschiedener Serumenzyme. Hierzu geh6ren z.B. die Creatinphosphokinase (CPK), die Fruetose-l,6-diphosphat-Aldolase (ALD), die Laetatdehydrogenase (LDH), die 1V[alatdehydrogenase (MDH) und die Transaminasen (GOT und GPT). Auch bei den heterozygoten Anlagetr~gerinnen (Konduktorinnen; ,,Carrier") dieser Krankhei t kSnnen leiehte bis deuttiche Aktivit/itssteigerungen dieser Serumenzyme vorkommen. Aus diesem Grunde werden bei der Untersuchung yon Duchenne-Familien bereits in gr6Berem Umfang Enzymbest immungen als Such-Tests zur Erfassung der Konduktorinnen durchgeffihrt. H~ufig genug lassen jedoeh die Untersuehungsergebnisse keine sichere Diagnose zu: bei vielen Konduktorinnen liegei1 die Aktivit/~tswerte mehrerer gleichzeitig gemessener Serumenzyme oft nur im oberen Normbereieh oder es ist nur die Aktivitiit eines dieser Enzyme deutlieh erhSht. Es scheint daher zweekm/~Big, bei der Konduktorinnensuche stets mehrere Enzyme gleiehzeif.ig zu messen und die Summe ihrer AktivitStswerte zur Grundlage der Beurteflung zu machen. Wird das gleiche Veffahren auf ein statistisch vergleiehbares Kollektiv gesunder Frauen angewendet, so kann mJt Hi~e der Diskriminanzanalyse eine Trennformel ffir beide Kollektive errechnet werden. Durch Einsetzen der im Einzelfall ermittelten Aktivitatswerte in die Formel ist eine hShere diagnostisehe Treffsieherheir bei der Konduktorinnensuehe zu erwarten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird fiber Ergebnisse einer derartigen diskriminanzanalytisehen Untersuehung yon Serumenzymaktivi ta ten beriehtet.
HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES AS COADJUVANTS IN THE ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTEWATERS

An enzymatic extract produced by Penicillium restrictum having a high level of lipase activity (17.2 U.g -1 ) was obtained by solid-state fermentation using babassu cake as substrate. The enzymatic extract was used in the hydrolysis of a dairy wastewater with high fat contents (180, 450, 900 and 1,200 mg.L -1 ). Different hydrolysis conditions were tested, and it was determined that it should be carried out at a temperature of 35oC, without agitation, with 10% v/v enzymatic extract and a hydrolysis time of 12 hours. Both crude and hydrolysed effluents were then submitted to an anaerobic biological treatment. It was observed that for the enzymatically pretreated effluent there was a significant improvement in the efficiency of the anaerobic treatment. For the highest fat content tested (1,200 mg.L -1 ), removal efficiencies of 19 and 80% were attained for crude and hydrolysed effluents, respectively. In addition, a tenfold increase in the removal rate of COD from the hydrolysed effluent (1.87 kg COD.m -3 .d -1 ) was observed in relation to the crude effluent (0.18 kg COD.m -3 .d -1 ). The results obtained in this study illustrate the viability of using a
Effect of mixed fermentation (Jiuqu and Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118) on the quality improvement of kiwi wine

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mixed fermentation of Jiuqu and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the quality of kiwifruit wine. The results showed that total titratable acidity, methanol and organic acids of kiwi wine fermented by Jiuqu + Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in other groups. There was no significant difference in the content of flavor substances in kiwi wines fermented by a mixed group and Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 alone, but the sensory evaluation showed a significantly large difference. On the sensory scale, kiwi wine fermented by mixed fermentation had a unique presentation and typical bouquet, better than those fermented by Jiuqu and Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 alone. In conclusion, mixed fermentation of Jiuqu + Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 could improve the quality of the kiwi wine, which provides a promising application prospection for kiwi wine production.
A review: the effect of the microporous support during interfacial polymerization on the morphology and performances of a thin film composite membrane for liquid purification

The thin film composite (TFC) membrane prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP) on porous supports is currently one of the most efficient technologies for brackish water purification and seawater desalination, including reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), and nanofiltration (NF). Over the past decades, there have been intensive and continuous efforts in research of polyamide layers, while there is little information in the literature about the impact that physical–chemical properties and structure of support membranes have on the formation of composite membranes. This paper reviews the recent research progress of the supporting membrane, comprehensively summarizes the support role in polyamide formation, and provides good insight into TFC membrane research and development. In addition, we discuss several types of polymer supporting membranes and related modification methods to explore the appropriate supporting membrane for enhancing TFC membrane performance and extending the applications in the future.
Naked Metal Cations Swimming in Protein Crystals

The presence of isolated metal cations, far from any other atom, is not uncommon in protein crystal structures. A systematic survey of the Protein Data Bank showed that nearly 8% of the metal cations are naked, more frequently if they can interact only electrostatically with their neighbors. Surprisingly, this seemed to be only weakly related to the crystallographic resolution.
Comparision of surgical outcomes between microsurgical lumbar discectomy and microendoscopic dis-cectomy for lumbar disc herniation

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of microsurgical lumbar discectomy(MSLD)and microen-doscopic discectomy(MED)for lumbar disc herniation(LDH). Method:A prospective clinical review was conducted on the two minimal invasion surgical methods for single segment LDH from April 2006 to October 2007,one group of 148 patients who underwent MSLD and the other of 130 patients who underwent MED.The factors considered included the length of skin incision,the operative time,amount of intraoperative bleeding,duration of hospitalization,dose of analgesic agent used after surgery,preand postoperative assessment based on the criteria of visual analog scales(VAS),the bodily pain of SF-36,the Oswestry disability index(ODI)and modified MacNab scores.Result:The mean length of skin incision was 4.5 ±1.5cm and 2.5 ±0.8cm for MSLD and MED respectively with the latter a little bit shorter than the former(P0.05). The operative time was 40.0±13.8min and 56.0±15.9min for MSLD and MED respectively,with the latter obviously longer than the former(P0.05). The blood loss was 96±77ml and 111±45ml and hospitalization time was 9.4±2.6 days and 9.8±2.8 days for MSLD and MED respectively,which had no significant difference(P0.05). The follow-up VAS score was(85.3±1.8)% and(84.5±2.1)% for MSLD and MED respectively,the bodily pain of SF-36 was(81.3±5.6)% and(80.1±6.1)% for MSLD and MED respectively,ODI was(85.3±1.8)% and(82.3±2.0)% for MSLD and MED respectively,and the total excellent to good ratio of modified MacNab score was 94.0% and 93.7% for MSLD and MED respectively,all showed no significant difference(P0.05). As for the complications in two groups:the incidence of abdominal discomfort was 14 cases(9.46%)and 12 cases(9.23%),acute urinary retention was 21(14.19%)and 18(13.84%)for MSLD and MED respectively,all showed no significant difference(P0.05). Dural tear occurred in 0 case and 2 cases(1.54%),acute hematomas of sacrospinalis occurred in 2 cases(1.36%)and 5 cases(3.85%)for MSLD and MED respectively,with MSLD lower than MED(P 0.01). Conclusion:The clinical effects of both minimal invasive methods are satisfactory,with MSLD having advantages of simpler maneuvering and less complications,as a result,MSLD is the ideal method of discectomy.
Are Nanotechnology-Based Products Safe?

Applications of nanotechnology are being explored for use in foods and as ingredients. The available studies are limited but raise concerns about the absorption of nanoparticles in the gut and the potential impacts on nutritional status. This article explains how nanotechnology is being used in food, reviews the state of the science, and explores issues that may raise concerns for nutrition. Nutr Today. 2012;47(1):30Y32
BODY STALK ANOMALY: A CASE REPORT

The present case is the report of singled out case of still born 34 weeks old, grossly abnormal, male fetus, with gross left sided anterior abdominal wall defect, which was donated and sent to the Department of Anatomy, Bundelkhand Medical College Sagar (MP), by the Department of Obstetrics for educational purpose. The still born's mother was 21 years old, primi gravida, with history of 34 weeks amenorrhoea. Detailed maternal history was taken to elicit any relevant information. After careful examination, observations were recorded. In the fetus the stump of umbilical cord was missing. Left half of anterior abdominal wall was totally absent with abdominal organs herniating out from left side. Detail examination of the viscera was done. After careful observation it was diagnosed that this is one of the types of anterior abdominal wall anomaly and this was concluded to be a rare case of body stalk anomaly. The findings of dissection and its embryological correlation are discussed in this report.
The rate equations and kinetic models of seed germination

The germination kinetic of seed can be used to judge the seed activity and provide experimental basis for the seeds breeding. However, the research of seed germination kinetics has been paid less attention. In the present study, the expression methods of seed germination rate and kinetics are summarized. The growth rate of seed can be expressed as fresh weight, dry weight, root length and bud length, respectively, and the rate equation has been provided in detail. The kinetic models of seed germination can be expressed by the first-order kinetic equation, Elovich equation, Langmuir equation and double constant equation. The meaning of parameters and the usage of models are discussed.
Growth, Yield and Seed Nutrient Quality of Soybean (Glycine max L.) as Affected by Organic, Biofertilizer and Synthetic Fertilizer Application

Pot experiment was carried out in dry zone of Sri Lanka in the year 2015 with the aim of investigating the effects of organic manure, biofertilizers and synthetic fertilizer application on growth, yield and seed nutrient quality of soybean (Glycine max L.). Treatments were field soil only (T0), field soil and 5% biochar (T1), field soil and 5% cow dung (T2), field soil, 2.5% biochar and 2.5% cow dung (T3), field soil, 5% biochar and Bradyrhizobium (T4), field soil, 5% biochar and mycorrhizae (T5), field soil, 5% cow dung and Bradyrhizobium (T6) field soil, 5% cow dung and mycorrhizae (T7), field soil and synthetic fertilizer (T8), field soil, 2.5% cow dung 2.5% biochar and synthetic fertilizer (T9), field soil, 5% cow dung, mycorrhizae and Bradyrhizobium (T10), field soil, 5% biochar, mycorrhizae and Bradyrhizobium (T11). The treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six replicates. The results indicated that application of organic and biofertilizers with synthetic fertilizers (T9) significantly (p<0.05) improved the relative growth rate, number of leaflets, root dry weight, shoot dry weight of soybean. However, soybean yield such as the number of pods and the dry weight of 100 seeds, was significantly high (p<0.05) with field soil, 5% cow dung, mycorrhizae and Bradyrhizobium (T10). Higher seed protein percentage was observed in T10, fat percentage in T4 and crude fibre percentage in T8 treatments. In conclusion, the application of organic and biofertilizers together resulted in an improvement of the yield components and nutrient quality of soybean seeds, except for the case of crude fiber content which increased by the application of synthetic fertilizer. Overall, organic and biofertilizers could be used as efficient substitutes for synthetic fertilizers, without compromising the yield and nutrient quality of soybean.
Aristolochic Acid-Induced Genotoxicity and Toxicogenomic Changes in Rodents

Aristolochic acid (AA) is a group of structurally related nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids found in many plants that are widely used by many cultures as traditional herbal medicines. AA is a causative agent for Chinese herbs nephropathy, a term replaced later by AA nephropathy. Evidence indicates that AA is nephrotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic in humans; and it also induces tumors in the forestomach, kidney, renal pelvis, urinary bladder, and lung of rats and mice. Therefore, plants containing AA have been classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In our laboratories, we have conducted a series of genotoxicity and toxicogenomic studies in the rats exposed to AA of 0.1–10 mg/kg for 12 weeks. Our results demonstrated that AA treatments induced DNA adducts and mutations in the kidney, liver, and spleen of rats, as well as significant alteration of gene expression in both its target and nontarget tissues. AA treatments altered mutagenesis- or carcinogenesis-related microRNA expression in rat kidney and resulted in significant changes in protein expression profiling. We also applied benchmark dose (BMD) modeling to the 3-month AA-induced genotoxicity data. The obtained BMDL10(the lower 95% confidence interval of the BMD10that is a 10% increase over the background level) for AA-induced mutations in the kidney of rats was about 7 μg/kg body weight per day. This review constitutes an overview of our investigations on AA-induced genotoxicity and toxicogenomic changes including gene expression, microRNA expression, and proteomics; and presents updated information focused on AA-induced genotoxicity in rodents.
Standardization of Litchi Leaf Nutrient Composition for Tissue Analysis in Sub Tropics of India

ABSTRACT Variation in leaf nutrient composition with leaf age and position of leaflets was assessed for ‘Calcuttia’ and ‘Dehradun’ litchi cultivars under loam to sandy loam soils of north India. Leaf samples were collected from first to sixth pair of leaflets starting from the apex of terminal shoots to downward positions during December to May at monthly intervals at two locations for three successive years. The leaves were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations. In both litchi cultivars, leaf N, P, Zn and Cu contents remained more in young leaves; whereas, leaf Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe contents were observed higher in older leaves. Leaf K concentration exhibited inconsistent patterns; however, leaf K concentration in pair of leaflets on the shoot declined basipetal, being maximum in upper pair of leaflets and minimum in lower pair of leaflets. Levels of macro and micronutrients exhibited a degree of stability at second and third pair of leaflets when sampled during February–March. Leaf compositions differed significantly during active vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit development. The results revealed that 4–5 months old leaves from autumn flush at second and third pair of leaflets from the apex of terminal litchi shoots at the advent of panicle initiation (February–March) should be collected to assess the nutritional concentrations of litchi orchards under North India conditions.
Effect of Controlled Oxygen Vacancy on H2‐Production through the Piezocatalysis and Piezophototronics of Ferroelectric R3C ZnSnO3 Nanowires

This study is the first to demonstrate that ferroelectric R3c LiNbO3‐type ZnSnO3 nanowires (NWs), through the piezocatalysis and piezophototronic process, demonstrate a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The polarization and electric field curves indicate that ZnSnO3 NWs exhibit typical ferroelectric hysteresis loops. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra reveal that the relaxation time increases with the increasing concentration of oxygen vacancies. Moderated 3H‐ZnSnO3 NWs (thermally annealed for 3 h in a hydrogen environment) have the longest extended carrier lifetime of approximately 8.3 ns. The piezoelectricity‐induced HER, via the piezocatalysis process (without light irradiation), reaches an optimal H2‐production rate of approximately 3453.1 µmol g−1 h−1. Through the synergistic piezophototronic process, the HER reaches approximately 6000 µmol g−1 in 7 h. Crucially, the mechanical force–induced spontaneous polarization functions as a carrier separator, driving the electron and hole in opposite directions in ferroelectric ZnSnO3 NWs; this separation reduces the recombination rate, enhancing the redox process. This theoretical analysis indicates that the photocatalytic and piezocatalytic effects can synergistically enhance piezophototronic performance through capitalizing on well‐modulated oxygen vacancies in ferroelectric semiconductors. This study demonstrates the essential role of this synergy in purifying water pollutants and converting water into hydrogen gas through the piezophototronic process.
SAT0418 Musculoskeletal Pain in Schoolchildren Across Puberty: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

Background Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain (MSP) in children can be due to various non-inflammatory conditions, such as the benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) or idiopathic MSP (IMSP). MSP heavily influences patient’s quality of life and is often misdiagnosed or included in the vast category of unspecific MSP. A careful differential diagnosis and knowledge of possible risk factors are needed to properly approach a child/adolescent with osteoarticular symptoms. Objectives Aim of the study was to evaluate the persistence of osteoarticular symptoms in a cohort of schoolchildren with MSP followed for three years and to analyze the main risk factors for it, with particular attention to the role of the pubertal stage. We also evaluated the immunological profile and its relation with MSP and puberty. Methods The participants were selected among an initial cohort of 88 schoolchildren with MSP, aged 11-16 years, followed for three years. Chronic MSP was defined as continuous or recurrent pain lasting more than 3 months interfering with daily life activities in the previous 6 months. All children underwent a general and rheumatologic examination focused on the presence of generalized joint hypermobility, identified by Beighton score ≥4/9, the body mass index and the pubertal stage. Finally, a laboratory test was performed to determine the presence of ANA, ENA and anti-dsDNA. Results Seventy subject entered the study: 38 (54.3%) still presented MSP, including 27% with BJHS and 27% with IMSP. Main symptoms were lower limbs arthralgia and myalgia. MSP persisted more in females than in males (p=0.038) and in pubertal rather than pre-pubertal subjects (p=0.022). In particular, the pre-pubertal patients recovered significantly more frequently from BJHS (p=0.004) and IMSP (p=0.016) than the pubertal ones. Gender did not influence the distribution of MSP according to pubertal stage. ANA (titer ≥1:80) was found in 42.9%; none of the subjects resulted positive at ENA or anti-dsDNA tests. No significant association between ANA-positivity and MSP or BJHS was found. Conclusions Pre-pubertal patients have a higher probability of recovering from MSP than the pubertal ones; vice versa pubertal subjects are at high risk for suffering from MSP during early adulthood, especially females with BJHS. The prevalence of ANA-positivity in this cohort was particularly high but was not significantly associated with BJHS or IMSP. These findings clearly suggest that female gender, BJHS and pubertal stage are important risk factors for persistence of MSP. Further studies are needed to evaluate the natural history of MSP towards adulthood and the role of ANA in the pubertal age. References Sherry DD. Pain syndormes in Children. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2000; 2:337-42. Kirk JA, Ansell BM, Bywaters GL. The hypermobility syndrome: musckuloskeletal complaits associated with generalized joint hypermobility. Ann Rheum Dis 1967;26:419-425. Beighton P, Soloman L, Soskolne CL. Articular mobility in an African population. Ann Rheum Dis 1973;32:413-418. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Macrophage-mediated regulation of joint homeostasis

Synovitis, a major component of osteoarthritis, is driven primarily by macrophages. Macrophages induce an inflammatory response (M1 phenotype), but also drive tissue repair and resolve inflammation (M2 phenotype). Macrophage phenotypes in the synovium from osteoarthritic and healthy joints have not been characterized. The objective of this study was to compare the patterns of macrophage phenotypes (M1:M2) in healthy and osteoarthritic equine joints. We hypothesized that synovium from osteoarthritic joints would have increased M1:M2 ratios compared to normal joints. Immunohistochemistry for M1 (CD86), M2 (CD206, IL-10), and pan macrophage (CD14) markers was performed on synovial biopsies from healthy (n=29) and osteoarthritic equine joints (n=26). Cytokines and growth factors in synovial fluid were quantified. All markers were co-expressed in all joints with minimal differences between groups. Intensity of expression varied with degree of synovial inflammation. CD14, CD86, CD206, and IL-10 were highly expressed in grossly inflamed osteoarthritic joints, with CD86
Study on Prevention of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin(rhEPO)on Chemotherapy-related Anemia and Influence on QOL

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) for maintain hemoglobin in advanced cancer patients on combination chemotherapy.Methods 93 advanced cancer patients on combination chemotherapy were divided into 2 groups:one is with rhEPO(45);another is without rhEPO(48). The hemoglobin levels were monitoring at the 4,8,16 weeks after treatment,at the end of the 16 week,a 52-Item short health survey(QLQ-52) was used to investigated the quality of life(QOL) for the patients.Results Hb was maintained throughout the study in the chemotherapy with rhEPO group,whereas Hb decreased relative to baseline(126.0±12.0)g/L in the chemotherapy group(98.0±10.2)g/L after four cycles,the difference was very significant(P0.01). Hb decreased to 100 g/L in 23 patients of chemotherapy group.Most rhEPO patients did not require dose adjustments.rhEPO was well tolerated.Nausea and fatigue were the most common adverse events,with no differences between groups in frequency or pattern of events.QOL in chemotherapy only patients were influenced significantly(P0.05). Conclusion rhEPO is safe and effective in maintaining Hb levels and QOL in advanced cancer patients receiving combination chemotherapy.