Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF INCONEL 718 AND FIBERGLASS REINFORCED VINYLESTER

Fatigue performance of structural materials depend on their microstructure and manufacturing processes. In this thesis, two different materials are investigated: additively manufactured Inconel 718 and a fiberglass reinforced vinylester composite. The microstructural features of a direct metal laser sintered Inconel 718 are compared to a traditionally manufactured wrought Inconel 718. The effects of 3D printing direction and heat treatment are studied. Low cycle fatigue specimens manufactured by Turbocam International are tested at strain amplitudes from 0.6% to 1.4% engineering strain. These data are correlated to the microstructural features seen in the electron backscatter diffraction. High cycle fatigue specimens are tested at stress amplitudes ranging from 200 MPa to 1200 MPa. Images of the fracture surfaces are utilized to find trends in the ductile and brittle fracture areas on the surface to understand the material performance in fatigue. Strain-life and stress-life curves are generated for the low cycle and high cycle fatigue data, respectively. The low cycle fatigue performance of fiberglass reinforced vinylester is also investigated. Specimens manufactured by HALO Maritime Defense Systems are subjected to tension-tension fatigue loading with maximum stresses ranging from 250 MPa to 350 MPa. A stress-life curve is generated and the results are compared to data from literature. It is observed that these composite materials have high uncertainty in fatigue performance so it is recommended to use a lower bound S-N curve for design purposes.
Large-Scale Hybrid Interlingual Translation in GF: a Project Description.

This paper describes an on-going project on machine translation addressing, at the moment, all language pairs for 11 languages: Bulgarian, Chinese, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Spanish, and Swedish. The translator is based on GF (Grammatical Framework), enhanced with a statistical model learned from a treebank. It runs on multiple platforms, including a web service and a mobile off-line Android application. These systems are open-domain browsing-quality translators, which supports high-quality domain adaptation via embedded controlled languages. The code is open-source free software.
Embracing Emergence: How Collective Impact Addresses Complexity

rganizations around the world have begun to see collective impact as a new and more effective process for social change. They have grasped the difference our past articles emphasized between the isolated impact of working for change through a single organization versus a highly structured cross-sector coalition. Yet, even as practitioners work toward the five conditions of collective impact we described earlier, many participants are becoming frustrated in their efforts to move the needle on their chosen issues. (See “The Five Conditions of Collective Impact,” below.)
Factors in Individual Acquisition of English: A Longitudinal Study of Hmong Adults.

This study documented English acquisition by a group of Hmong adult immigrants over a period of one year, and explored the factors that appeared to be affecting their progress. Based on three measures (a test of listening comprehension, communication, fluency, reading, and writing; a pictured English vocabulary recognition test; and a written English vocabulary test), it was found d'at learning was taking place, slowly, 2 to 4 years after arrival in the United States. Individuals' relative positions within the group with regard to English proficiency remained much the same over time. Both the individuals' experiences before arrival and their current activities were found to be highly correlated with English proficiency. Analyses indicate that certain background Caracteristics, especially proficiency in reading Hmong, age, and amount of education received before immigration, are strong predictors of English proficiency. As additional data are analyzed, particular attention will be paid to the apparently strong role played by literacy in Hmong, and tc the pervasive interaction between literacy and language acquisitions. (MSE) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education) **********************************************x*********************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **************:******************************************************. Factors in Individual Acquisition of English: A Longitudinal Study of Hmong Adults by Karen Reed Green Stephen Reder Literacy and Language Program Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory 300 S.W. Sixth Avenue Portland, Oregon 97204 "PERMISSION fZ REPRODUCE THIS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ECUCATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Mee Ec Lnahonat Recearch and Improvement t iC EDUCATIONAL RESOUPCES INFORMATION CENTER IL qICI XTh,s document has been reproduced as tecervea hoe, the person or organdahon OfqtrrtatPq tt 0 Minot changes have been made to trnprove reproductgon guehty TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). Pants of vrew or opruons stated kr, thisclocurnent 00 hot necessahly represent of boat OEPI poshon Or policy Paper presented at the Hmong Research Conference II: The Hmong in Transition, Southeast Asian Refugee Studies, University of Minnesota, November 17-19, 1983. In Glenn L. Hendricks, Bruce T. Downing, and Amos S. Deinard (Eds.), The Hmong in transition (pp. 299-329). Minneapolis and New York: Jointly published by the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, and the Centez for Immigration Studies, New York. 1986. Factors in Individual Acquisition of English: A Longitudinal Study of Hmong Adults*
Towards Universal Non-Volatile Resistance Switching in Non-metallic Monolayer Atomic Sheets

Here, we report the intriguing observation of stable non-volatile resistance switching (NVRS) in single-layer atomic sheets sandwiched between metal electrodes. NVRS is observed in the prototypical semiconducting (MX2, M=Mo, W; and X=S, Se) transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which alludes to the universality of this phenomenon in non-metallic 2D monolayers, and features forming-free switching. This observation of NVRS phenomenon, widely attributed to ionic diffusion, filament and interfacial redox in bulk oxides and electrolytes, inspires new studies on defects, ion transport and energetics at the sharp interfaces between atomically-thin sheets and conducting electrodes. From a contemporary perspective, switching is all the more unexpected in monolayers since leakage current is a fundamental limit in ultra-thin oxides. Emerging device concepts in non-volatile flexible memory fabrics, and brain-inspired (neuromorphic) computing could benefit substantially from the pervasive NVRS effect and the associated wide materials and engineering co-design opportunity. Experimentally, a 50 GHz radio-frequency (RF) monolayer switch is demonstrated, which opens up a new application for electronic zero-static power RF switching technology.
Winding Connection Solutions for an Integrated Synchronous Motor Drive

With increased demand in electric drives applications for higher power density, higher efficiency and higher temperature operation, integrated motor drives are gaining greater interest in automotive, aerospace and other specialist applications. Integrated drives not only physically integrate the various components of the drive (power electronic devices, filter components etc.) the must also integrate the various connections between these components. Although fewer articles report this integration it is nevertheless of equal importance to the integration of the active and passive parts. This paper presents three winding connection solutions including two PCB (Printed Circuit Board) based solutions and a busbar solution for an integrated permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with fully integrated filter magnetics. Firstly, the design process and parameter selection considerations for two PCB solutions are presented demonstrating the requirement for extremely thick copper layers and extra connection wires. Afterwards, a busbar solution considering skin effect and litz wire connections is proposed. The total thickness, manufacture difficulty and requirement of extra connection wires of different winding configurations are compared. Finally, the busbar solution is shown to be the optimum winding connection solution. Keywords—busbar, integrated motor drive, synchronous machine, winding connection
ON THE NASH PRODUCT SHARE CRITERION FOR FAIR ALLOCATION PROBLEMS

Allocating indivisible items between agents in a fair manner is a fundamental problem that has attracted a lot of interests in the last decades due to the wide range of its applications. There are several common criteria for defining what a fair allocation is, including: max-min share, proportional share, min-max share, envy-freeness, CEEI. In this paper, we introduce a new notion of fairness, called Nash-product share, which can be determined through computing an allocation of maximum Nash-product welfare, assuming that all agents have the same additive utilities. An allocation satisfies this fairness criterion is called a Nashproduct fair allocation. We first show that computing the Nash-product share of every agent is NP-hard, even with two agents only. In addition, we prove that the problem of testing the existence of a Nash-product fair allocation is an NP-hard problem when the number of agents is part of the input. Finally, since a Nash-product fair allocation does not always exist, we investigate the problem that, given a problem instance, asks for the largest value c for which there is an allocation such that every agent receives a subset of items of values of at least c times her Nash-product share. For the case where the number of agents is constant, we present a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS).
The Akt Pathway Inhibitor Degeulin Prevents Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Induced Splenocyte Proliferation and Inflammation

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) is considered a potential biological weapon. It is toxic by both inhalation and ingestion. Effects of ingestion include fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, while inhalation may additionally result in chest pain, dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema and respiratory failure. Severe exposure may be fatal and treatment relies on symptomatic support. At a cellular level, SEB up-regulates T-cell proliferation leading to a pathological inflammatory response. Deguelin, a rotenoid isolated from the African plant Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae), has been shown to reduce cellular proliferation by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway. Using isolated murine splenocytes, we have demonstrated that treatment with deguelin reduces SEB inducing T cell proliferation by 60%. Deguelin treatment also decreased IL-2 and CCL2 secretion by splenocytes exposed to SEB. We demonstrate that targeting cellular proliferation can significantly reduce inflammation after SEB exposure and suggest that anti-proliferatives may have a role as potential generic medical counter measures if superantigens are used as biological weapons.
Why is V˙ O 2 max after altitude acclimatization still reduced despite normalization of arterial O 2 content?

Calbet, Sønder-gaard, D. Wagner, and B. Saltin. Why is V˙ O 2 max after altitude acclimatization still reduced despite normalization of arterial O 2 content? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284: R304–R316, 2003. hypoxia (AH) reduces maximal O 2 consumption (V˙ O 2 max ), but after acclima- tization, and despite increases in both hemoglobin concentration and arterial O 2 saturation that can normalize arterial O 2 concentration ([O 2 ]), V˙ O 2 max remains low. To determine why, seven lowlanders were studied at V˙ O 2 max (cycle ergometry) at sea level (SL), after 9–10 wk at 5,260 m [chronic hypoxia (CH)], and 6 mo later at SL in AH (F I O 2 (cid:1) 0.105) equivalent to 5,260 m. Pulmonary and leg indexes of O 2 transport were measured in each condition. Both cardiac output and leg blood ﬂow were reduced by (cid:2) 15% in both AH and CH ( P (cid:3) 0.05). At maximal exercise, arterial [O 2 ] in AH was 31% lower than at SL ( P (cid:3) 0.05), whereas in CH it was the same as at SL due to both polycythemia and hyperventilation. O 2 extraction by the legs, however, remained at SL values in both AH and CH. Although at both SL and in AH, 76% of the cardiac output perfused the legs, in CH the legs received only 67%. Pulmonary V˙ O 2 max (4.1 (cid:4) 0.3 l/min at SL) fell to 2.2 (cid:4) 0.1 l/min in AH ( P (cid:3) 0.05) and was only 2.4 (cid:4) 0.2 l/min in CH ( P (cid:3) 0.05). These data suggest that the failure to recover V˙ O 2 max after acclimatization despite normalization of arte- rial [O 2 ] is explained by two circulatory effects of altitude: 1 ) failure of cardiac output to normalize and 2 ) preferential redistribution of cardiac output to nonexercising tissues. Oxygen transport from blood to muscle mitochondria, on the other hand, appears unaffected by CH.
Discussion Methodological Developments vs . Regulatory Requirements

This is a discussion of the following three papers appearing in this special issue on adaptive designs: ‘FDA’s critical path initiative: A perspective on contributions of biostatistics’ by Robert T. O’Neill, ‘A regulatory view on adaptive/flexible clinical trial design’ by H. M. James Hung, Robert T. O’Neill, SueJane Wang and John Lawrence; and ‘Confirmatory clinical trials with an adaptive design’ by Armin Koch.
10 Mechanisms of Salivary Gland Secretory Dysfunction in Sjögren ’ s Syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disorder affecting exocrine organs such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. SS is characterized by severe dryness of the mouth and eyes due to inflammatory reactions against salivary and lacrimal glands, respectively. Dryness of other mucosal surfaces such as skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and vagina, has also been observed. SS patients also exhibit systemic symptoms such as Raynaud’s phenomenon, arthritis, fatigue, peripheral neuropathies, and cognitive impairment. SS exists in two forms: primary SS, unassociated with other autoimmune disesases; and secondary SS, accompanied by another autoimmune disease such as scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus (Fox and Kang 1992). SS is the second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease, with a prevalence in the United States estimated at 2-4 million people (Kassan and Moutsopoulos 2004), with a female to male ratio of 9:1. Although SS affects men and children as well, it is most commonly seen if perior postmenopausal women.
Hypertension in elderly

With increase in modern healthcare access thanks to the developments in technology, the advances in preventive and treating medicine and the improvements in health organization, the expected length of life is prolonged, and the population ages rapidly. The elderly people ≥60 years is the most rapidly growing segment in the population. In our country, the observation of increase in the aging population, was clearly revealed with the last two population censuses. In the last census, population ≥75 years nearly doubled compared to the previous census.
Evaluation of Egg Quality Traits of Rhode Island Red and Bovans White Under Intensive Management in Mekelle, Ethiopia

700 Rhode Island Red (RIR) and 600 Bovans white exotic poultry breeds were maintained under intensive management by private poultry farm in Mekelle were studied for external and internal egg qualities. Weight of egg (g), length (cm) and width of egg (cm), shape index, egg shell thickness (mm) and egg shell weight (g) were studied as external egg quality traits while yolk and albumen weight (g), yolk and albumin height (mm), Haugh Unit (HU) and yolk color were recorded as internal egg quality traits of RIR and Bovans White. Among external egg quality Weight, length and width of egg of RIR was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Bovans White while shape index, egg shell thickness and egg shell weight (g) were found to be non significant. Among internal egg quality yolk and albumen weight, yolk and albumin height of RIR was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Bovans White while Haugh Unit (HU) and yolk color were found to be non significant. Key words; RIR, Bovans White, egg quality, Mekelle
Chapter 21 The Tambien Group, Northern Ethiopia (Tigre)

Abstract The Tambien Group of northern Ethiopia (Tigre), with probable correlatives in Eritrea, is a 2–3-km-thick siliciclastic–carbonate succession that was deposited in an intra-oceanic arc platform setting within the southern Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) area (southern extension of the Nakfa Terrane) of the Mozambique Ocean. Its deposition occurred prior to ocean closure between converging fragments of East and West Gondwana and concomitant structural emergence of the East African Orogen (EAO). The Tambien Group is well exposed and best studied in the Mai Kenetal and Negash synclinoria, where litho- and chemostratigraphy (including δ13Ccarb, 87Sr/86Sr) provide the basis for a composite reference section. Two glaciogenic intervals have been suggested from exposures within the Didikama and Matheos Formation in the Negash Synclinorium. No reliable palaeomagnetic data exist to constrain the palaeolatitude of Tambien Group deposition and the southern ANS, but palaeogeographic reconstructions and evaporite pseudomorphs in lower carbonate units (Didikama Formation) imply low to intermediate latitudes (<45°). Integration of available geochronological information (regional magmatism and detrital zircon) suggests c. 775–660 Ma as a plausible window constraining deposition of the prospective glacial intervals. The Tambien Group appears to preserve a coherent chemostratigraphic framework that can be effectively subdivided according to shifts in δ13Ccarb polarity [polarity intervals A (+), B (–), C (+), D (–)]. Slates underlying and interstratified with polarity interval A carbonate preserve evidence of extreme chemical weathering that lessened prior to deposition of polarity interval B carbonate. Tambien Group carbonate units have sedimentological characteristics consistent with both shallow and deeper marine depositional settings. The lower prospective glacial interval lacks diagnostic sedimentological evidence of synglacial deposition, but is overlain by negative δ13C carbonate (polarity interval B) with sedimentological characteristics consistent with well-documented cap-carbonate successions. The upper prospective glacial interval in the Negash Synclinorium (Matheos Diamictite) best exhibits characteristics consistent with glaciogenic deposition (matrix-supported polymictic clasts, possible dropstones, possible bullet-nosed and striated clasts). In contrast to pericratonic rift margin settings that are common for Cryogenian glaciogenic deposits, palaeogeographic reconstructions for the 775–660 Ma timeframe place northern Ethiopia within an intra-oceanic setting that was likely far removed from cratonic hinterlands. More work on Tambien Group sedimentology, geochronology and palaeogeography is required to better evaluate the extent and timing of glacial conditions associated with the prospective glaciogenic intervals. Supplementary material: Supplementary Table 21.1 of Tambien Group geochronological age constraints is available at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18462.
MMP2 -1306C>T polymorphism in patients with COPD

The remodeling of the bronchial walls is an important process of the pathophysiology of COPD as the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is shown to play an important role in this process. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the possible role of MMP2 -1306C>T promoter polymorphism as risk factor of COPD. We genotyped by PCR-RFLP 84 patients with COPD and 71 control individuals. The genotype, but not allele distribution, differed between COPD patients and controls (p=0.021 and 0.602, respectively). Carriers of the variant T allele (CT+TT) tended to have 1.64-fold higher risk for COPD (95% CI: 0.82-3.26, p=0.164) than those with CC genotype, as that risk was significant in the subset of older than 65 years individuals (OR=4.24, 95% CI:1.31-13.57, p=0.019). The risk for COPD of T carriers (CT+TT) was significant and even higher in the subset of older individuals (more than 65 years) and in those without diabetes as a co-morbidity. Patients with T genotypes had later onset of the disease (64.1±7.1 years) than those with CC genotype (59.7±9.5 years, p=0.045). In conclusion, our results suggest that the T genotypes of MMP2 -1306C>T SNP may determine a risk for COPD especially in advanced age.
Heating (gapless) color-flavor locked quark matter

We explore the phase diagram of neutral quark matter at high baryon density as a function of the temperature T and the strange quark mass M{sub s}. At T=0, there is a sharp distinction between the insulating color-flavor locked (CFL) phase, which occurs where M{sub s}{sup 2}/{mu}<2{delta}, and the metallic gapless CFL phase, which occurs at larger M{sub s}{sup 2}/{mu}. Here, {mu} is the chemical potential for quark number and {delta} is the gap in the CFL phase. We find this distinction blurred at T{ne}0, as the CFL phase undergoes an insulator to metal crossover when it is heated. We present an analytic treatment of this crossover. At higher temperatures, we map out the phase transition lines at which the gap parameters {delta}{sub 1}, {delta}{sub 2}, and {delta}{sub 3} describing ds pairing, us pairing and ud pairing, respectively, go to zero in an Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. For small values of M{sub s}{sup 2}/{mu}, we find that {delta}{sub 2} vanishes first, then {delta}{sub 1}, then {delta}{sub 3}. We find agreement with a previous Ginzburg-Landau analysis of the form of these transitions and find quantitative agreement with results obtained in full QCD at asymptotic density for ratios of coefficients in the Ginzburg-Landaumore » potential. At larger M{sub s}{sup 2}/{mu}, we find that {delta}{sub 1} vanishes first, then {delta}{sub 2}, then {delta}{sub 3}. Hence, we find a ''doubly critical'' point in the (M{sub s}{sup 2}/{mu},T) plane at which two lines of second order phase transitions ({delta}{sub 1}{yields}0 and {delta}{sub 2}{yields}0) cross. Because we do not make any small-M{sub s} approximation, if we choose a relatively strong coupling leading to large gap parameters, we are able to pursue the analysis of the phase diagram all the way up to such large values of M{sub s} that there are no strange quarks present. « less