Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of tolerance: the genetic basis of a host's resistance against parasite manipulation

Despite considerable theoretical advances in the evolutionary biology of host–parasite systems, our knowledge of host–parasite coevolution in natural systems is often limited. Among the reasons for the lag of experimental insight behind theory is that the parasite's virulence is not a simple trait that is controlled by the parasite's genes. Rather, virulence can be expressed in several traits due to the subtle interactions between the host and the parasite. Furthermore, the host might evolve tolerance to the parasite if there is sufficient genetic variance to reduce the detrimental effect of the parasite on these traits. We studied the traits underlying virulence and the genetic potential to evolve tolerance to infection in the host–parasite system Aedes aegypti–Brachiola algerae. We reared the mosquitoes in a half-sib design, exposed half of the individuals in each full-sib family to the parasite and measured several life history traits – juvenile mortality, age at pupation and adult size – of infected and uninfected individuals. Virulence was due in large part to a delay of the mosquito's age at pupation by about 10%. Although this imposes strong selection pressure on the mosquito to resist the parasite, all of the mosquitoes were infected, implying a lack of resistance. Furthermore, although additive genetic variance was present for other traits, we found no indication of additive genetic variation for the age at pupation, nor for the delay of pupation due to infection, implying no potential for the evolution of tolerance. Overall, the results suggest that in this host–parasite system, the host has little evolutionary control over the expression of the parasite's virulence.
Perfil, experiencia y métodos de enseñanza de los entrenadores de jóvenes futbolistas en la provincia de Huelva

La figura del entrenador es clave en el entrenamiento deportivo con jovenes deportistas, constituyendose en una de las fuerzas mas influyentes en el correcto desarrollo de los ninos y ninas (Jones, 1992). Este estudio pretendio establecer el perfil y la experiencia de los entrenadores de futbol base de la provincia de Huelva, asi como la metodologia de ensenanza utilizada. Los sujetos analizados a traves de una encuesta, fueron 79 entrenadores de futbol base de la provincia de Huelva. Los datos mostraron que el perfil del entrenador de futbol base de la provincia de Huelva se correspondio con el siguiente: hombre, entre 21 y 30 anos, con estudios secundarios, bachillerato, B.U. P./C.O. U. , que juega o ha jugado al futbol y lleva entrenando en el futbol base entre 0 y 5 anos. Tambien destaco el hecho de que a menor nivel de titulacion de futbol, menor experiencia en el campo de la ensenanza del futbol. Ademas, aproximadamente la mitad de los entrenadores solian utilizar metodos de ensenanza directivos. Seria conveniente seguir estudiando la figura del entrenador de futbol base a traves de estudios observacionales donde se puedan corroborar los datos obtenidos.
Structural Health Monitoring for Civil Infrastructure—From Instrumentation to Decision Support

In this paper, we examine the main components of structural health monitoring systems of civil infrastructure that are needed for a widespread implementation. These include instrumentation, structural system damage diagnosis and prognosis, and information delivery. The type of instrumentation is governed by the structural properties and types of damage anticipated to occur due to different loading and environmental conditions. Damage diagnosis is to a great extent dependent on the type of instrumentation used, the structural behavior, and the needs of the end-user of the information. Factors that are unique or specific to civil structures are highlighted and key impediments to implementation of the current state of monitoring are presented. It is recognized that one of the key impediments to implementation is the availability of damage diagnosis algorithms and tools. Current research on damage-diagnosis using statistical pattern recognition methods is briefly summarized drawing on the research of the author and her research team. The paper concludes with current gaps in knowledge and research needs that will advance the state of science and engineering in the field.
Construcción de bibliotecas de ADNc y análisis de expresión génica por RT-PCR en agaves

Mexico is the center of origin and diversification of agave, a highly valued crop in the agroindustry, as well as in Mexican culture. Agaves present unique biological characteristics, such as their high tolerance to abiotic stress that allows them to grow under extreme environmental conditions, and their secondary metabolism that leads to the production of molecules of biotechnological interest. However, the necessary tools to carry out molecular physiology studies in Agave, and disclose the subjacent molecular basis of their particular metabolic capacity, have not been developed. Here we evaluate the performance of a series of commercially available methods for RNA extraction and mRNA purification that may be suitable for the construction of cDNA libraries derived from different A. tequilana tissues, a process described in detail. In addition, we report sequences and methods for the analysis of gene expression using RT-PCR for physiologically relevant agave genes. Expression of rbcS, encoding the small subunit of the RuBisCO; a gene encoding an NADP + dependent malic enzyme; a gene encoding 1-SST fructosyltransferase; and a gene coding for a LEA-like abiotic stress related protein of A. tequilana, was analyzed using this methods. The methods set forth herein, and the libraries generated will subsequently be applied to molecular physiology, functional genomics, and transcriptome analysis of agaves.
Selfing Propensity under Choice Conditions in a Parasitic Fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, and Parameters Influencing Infection Success in Artificial Inoculations

The anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum has a mixed mating system, being able to either self or outcross. The infection success may be influenced by selfing or outcrossing. It will affect the amount and distribution of genetic variation within natural populations and, in particular, in this system, may explain the maintenance of common highly deleterious alleles linked to the mating‐type locus. Using artificial inoculations with two different mixtures of strains that have different identifiable genotypes on the host plant Silene latifolia, we estimate infection success and selfing propensity of this fungus. Fungal spores were placed in flowers, mimicking natural spore deposition by pollinators. Successful infection was found in 31.5% of inoculated plants, and infection success depended on the number of inoculations and host plant sex, females having a higher per‐contact risk but males a higher global probability of infection. Many host individuals were infected by more than one fungal genotype, and separate stems of the same plant were infected independently. We found 14.3% and 28.3% outcrossing events for the two mixtures of fungal strains, confirming that M. violaceum is predominantly selfing. Because we inoculated with spore mixtures, this predominant selfing did not result from a lack of available mating partners, which could further reduce outcrossing in nature. We suggest that selfing may largely result from intratetrad mating (=intrameiotic), and we estimated the intratetrad mating rate between 43.3% and 71.4%. This has important consequences for understanding the maintenance of haplolethal alleles in M. violaceum.
Rapeseed (canola) oil and other monounsaturated fatty acid-rich vegetable oils

Rapeseed (canola) and other monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich oils are viewed as good candidates to replace, at least partially, the fish oil normally included in aquaculture feeds (aquafeeds). In fact, their utilization as a dietary lipid source for aquatic animals has some advantages over other readily available terrestrial alternative oils and fats; however, this is not without difficulties. MUFA are, indeed, easily digestible and a good source of available energy, and their deposition into fish flesh is considered to be less detrimental than other fatty acid classes, from a human nutritional viewpoint. This chapter attempts to review the principal information available regarding the utilization of MUFA-rich vegetable oil (VO) in aquaculture feed. Initially the chapter focuses on the rapeseed oil eRa) industry, agronomy, quality improvement, processing, and uses, and the main chemical and physical characteristics of rapeseed oil and other MUFA-rich va such as olive oil, peanut oil, and rice bran oil, amongst others. Following this, the potential advantages and challenges of using these alternative oils in the aquaculture feed industry are presented and discussed.
Synthetische Biologie: Finale Technisierung des Lebens - oder Etikettenschwindel?

> Integration artifizieller, biochemischer Systeme in Lebewesen zur Erzielung neuer Eigenschaften; > Aufbau chemischer Systeme (neue Biomoleküle) entsprechend biologischer Vorbilder, sodass diese bestimmte Eigenschaften von Lebewesen aufweisen; > Reduktion von Organismen auf rudimentäre Systemkomponenten zwecks Erzeugung biologischer, auf externe Reize reagierender Schaltkreise durch den Einbau standardisierter Biobausteine (›Biobricks‹). «
Yersinia pestis - old and new challenges in humans and in animals.

The influence of environmental, dynamics in the evolution of the vectors and the susceptibility of the human organism are the most important factors for the infectious and epidemic process of Y. pestis. Travel, tourism, business etc. play a significant role in the emergence and spread of communicable, especially in the so-called “emerging" diseases, incl. plague. Persistence of the plague epizootic process is a function of dynamic interactions between flea vectors of disease and infected animals- reservoirs. The plague epidemic has followed climatic changes over the years. Increased humidity and temperature, associated with the global warming, could lead to an increase in the population of the reservoirs by increasing food supplies and flea population and could activate the epidemic process of plague, over the coming decades.
Evaluating flexibility values for congestion management in distribution networks within Dutch pilots

Decentralisation of electricity generation, and electrification of heating and transportation pose challenges for the distribution networks, such as possible network congestion. Network operators investigate alternatives for reinforcements. Flexibility through demand response (DR) is one of these alternatives. Four theoretical possibilities for flexibility as a solution for congestion management are presented, in relation to four pilot projects on congestion management in the Netherlands. This article evaluates these four pilot projects based on six evaluation criteria. The strengths and weaknesses of all pilots are addressed, and the results of the pilot projects are discussed.
Antimicrobial Peptides and its Role in Gastro- Intestinal Diseases: a Review

The extensive use of antibiotics to treat human or animal infections is the cause of an alarming increase in antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fungal pathogens. Therefore, the search continues for new antibiotics that are active in vivo, are fast acting and broad-spectrum, do not induce bacterial resistance and have limited side effects. Synthetic congeners of natural antimicrobial peptides are good candidates. One component of host defence at mucosal surfaces seems to be epithelial derived anti-microbial peptides (AMP). This review summarises the diversity of anti-microbial peptides and their role in gastrointestinal diseases.
Does Lowering Dividend Tax Rates Increase Dividends Repatriated? Evidence of Intra-Firm Cross-Border Dividend Repatriation Policies by German Multinational Enterprises

This paper explores the impact dividend taxes exert on the dividends repatriated from foreign affiliates to their German parent company. Based on an augmented Lintner model of firms' dividend payout decisions, the paper focusses on cross-border intra-firm dividend payments of wholly-owned foreign affiliates in the manufacturing sector. Firm-level data from the Microdatabase Direct Investment (MiDi) of the Deutsche Bundesbank is used. Results firstly signal the validity of the original Lintner model for cross-border intra-firm dividend payments of German affiliates abroad, although the target payout ratio and the degree of dividend smoothing drops substantially once timeinvariant unobserved heterogeneity is controlled for. Secondly, results from an augmented Lintner model imply that increases in dividend taxes indeed have a statistically significant negative impact on the expected value of dividends repatriated: Evaluated at the overall mean dividend payment a one percentage point increase in the dividend tax rate would decrease dividends repatriated by about 3.5 percent. Evaluated at the mean of positive dividend payments a semi-elasticity of -1.6 is derived.
Detection of resistance gene marker intl1 and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolated from surgical site wound infection in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital

This study was carried out to determine the presence of resistance gene intl1 in E. coli isolated from surgical site wound infection in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital. A total of 90 samples were collected from the different wound sites of patients admitted in surgical ward. The most predominant organism was E. coli 48(53.33%); followed by S. aureus 23(25.56%) and Pseudomonas 12(13.33%). Most of the isolated strains of E. coli were multidrug resistant. 46(96%) strains were shown resistant to ampicillin and most potent drug against E. coli was found to be imepenem. The extended spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli were 21(43.75%). The resistance gene marker intl1 was detected in 32(67%) E. coli isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2. 10827
Comparative analysis of CEACAM1 expression in thin melanomas with and without regression

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a key molecule in several intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways, with multiple functional and structural roles. CEACAM1 expression in melanoma is often described in the invading part of the tumor and has been associated with increased melanoma cells invasion and migration. We studied CEACAM1 expression in regressing versus non-regressing thin melanomas, knowing that phenomenon of regression represents a valuable model for understanding tumor immunity. In melanoma, through homophilic interactions, CEACAM1 inhibits natural killer cell activity, inhibits effector functions of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, such as cytotoxicity and interferon-γ release. We present a retrospective study including 53 consecutive cases of thin melanoma, 21 with regression and 32 without regression. Comparative analysis of CEACAM1 expression in regressed and non-regressed areas from melanomas with regression and in non-regressed melanomas was performed. We used three different clones of CEACAM1: AA 1-428, extracellular domain, rabbit; AA 1-428, mouse, clone 8B6E2F4; and AA 1-468, full length, mouse, clone 2F6. All three clones had similar reactivity. We identified membrane positivity of tumor cells in non-regressed melanomas and in non-regressed areas in melanomas with regression. Remaining tumor cells in regressed areas were mostly negative for CEACAM1. In non-regressed lesions, there was a stronger positivity of CEACAM1 in the deep invasive front. In thin melanomas, CEACAM1 overexpression is related with invasiveness, suggesting that CEACAM1-positive melanomas are more aggressive. Also, in areas of regression tumor cells lose CEACAM1 expression, probably correlated with the presence of natural killer cells.
Conidiogenesis of Phoma strasseri the fungus responsible for black stem and rhizomes rot in peppermint (Mentha piperita).

Phoma strasseri is one of the major pathogen of peppermint (Mentha piperita). An important criterion in the classification of Phoma spp. is conidiogenesis, which has never been studied in P. strasseri before. The analysis using a FEI Tecnai Spirit G 2 elec- tron microscope revealed enteroblastic phialidic ontogeny as a type of conidiogenesis pre- sent in this species. Conidia are formed on small conidiogenous cells, called phialides. The tip of the conidiogenous cell is surrounded by a characteristic collarette. The surface of the conidium wall is covered with a mucilaginous sheath, which may enable conidia to attach to the plant surface.
Selective feeding by protozoa: model and experimental behaviors and their consequences for population stability

Selective feeding by zooplankton can have profound consequences for the stability of grazer and prey populations, as demonstrated by the behavior of plankton dynamics models. We present an analytical approach—calculation of prey ratio trajectories—that reveals unambiguously whether selective feeding behavior is stabilizing (i.e. provides a refuge for preferred prey species at low prey concentrations) or destabilizing (i.e. results in elimination of prey populations). Prey ratio trajectories were calculated for three modeled selective feeding behaviors. Constant selection was consistently destabilizing, while selection behaviors that changed in response to either prey ratio or prey abundance could be stabilizing. Batch culture experiments with four protozoan grazer species (three ciliates, one heterotrophic dinofiagellate) demonstrated that protozoa fed selectively in every case, weakly preferring the larger of the two algal species offered. Stabilizing selection was observed only in the experiment with Favella sp. , however, meaning that only this species altered its selection behavior in response to changing experimental conditions. Because protozoa are the major grazers of phytoplankton in many planktonic systems, our findings indicate that the use of selective feeding behaviors to stabilize plankton dynamics models needs careful evaluation. The modeling and graphical techniques presented here are a tool for linking further exploration of selective feeding behaviors with the development of plankton dynamics models.
Work-life, diversity and intersectionality: a critical review and research agenda

Work-life issues have important implications at both organizational and individual levels. This paper provides a critical review of the work-life literature from 1990 onwards through the lens of diversity, with a particular focus on disparities of power induced by methodological and conceptual framings of work and life. The review seeks to answer the following questions: What are the gaps and omissions in the work-life research? How may they be overcome? To answer these questions, the review scrutinizes blind spots in the treatment of life, diversity and power in work-life research in both positivist and critical scholarship. In order to transcend the blind spots in positivist and critical work-life research, the review argues the case for an intersectional approach which captures the changing realities of family and workforce through the lens of diversity and intersectionality. The theoretical contribution is threefold: first, the review demonstrates that contemporary framing of life in the work-life literature should be expanded to cover aspects of life beyond domestic life. Second, the review explains why and how other strands of diversity than gender also manifest as salient causes of difference in experiences of the work-life interface. Third, the review reveals that social and historical context has more explanatory power in work-life dynamics than the micro-individual level of explanations. Work-life literature should capture the dynamism in these contexts. The paper also provides a set of useful recommendations to capture and operationalize methodological and theoretical changes required in the work-life literature.
ROMANIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT

Present and future economic growth is increasingly dependent on trends in the global economy. They lead to an intertwining of the economic progress at a national-regional-global level. In particular to bearing economic integration, globalization, globalization of economic, political multipolarity, expanding economy on a continental and global level, etc. The effects of these changes can be both beneficial and negative, so we proposed a study on the evolution of parameters characterizing both economic growth and the evolution of this growth in Romania in the current international context.
Power‐efficient D2D relaying cellular network access

Device‐to‐device (D2D) communications are exploited in this paper to assist remote user equipments (UEs) access the cellular network with reduced energy consumption. A power‐efficient relay selection criterion is proposed to guarantee that the power saved by D2D relaying access exceeds a given threshold. Then, the relay selection criterion is equivalently transformed into a region constraint, based on which the success probability of D2D relaying access is derived. Furthermore, the power consumption of D2D relaying access is analyzed in two stages: the stage from the remote UE to the relaying UE and the stage from the relaying UE to the base station. The calculation of the average power consumption requires a double integral over the plane, and the closed‐form expression is derived by applying the Green's theorem and proper variable substitutions. Finally, simulation results validate the analytical derivations and present the impacts of system parameters on the performance of D2D relaying access in terms of the success probability and power consumption.
Differential Expression of Ovarian Superficial Epithelium Markers in Diminished Ovarian Reserve and Normal Women

In the last years, diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is becoming a frequent pathology in the human reproductive system, which also has a major impact on quality of life and fertility of reproductive age women. However, DOR remains as a disease of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to assess the differential expression levels of multipotent stem cell markers in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) of women with DOR and women with adequate ovarian reserve (AOR) that could be associated with the loss of ovarian functionality. Methods: The present study was performed by using ovary tissue samples from patients previously diagnosed as AOR and DOR according to the clomiphene citrate challenge test. The expression levels of multipotent stem cell and germline markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Our findings demonstrate that a small number of epithelial cells express the Oct4 stem cell marker and the specific germ line markers (Fragilis, Stella, and VASA) in the OSE of both AOR and DOR patients, but the number of immunostained cells were lower in the women with AOR than DOR individuals. On the other hand, the expression of SOX2 and Nanog stem cell markers was only observed in the OSE of DOR women but not in AOR patients. Conclusions: The overall results of this study show that there is a differential expression of stem cell markers in the OSE cells from DOR women as compared with AOR subjects, suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism for the generation of new multipotent cells to participate in the repair and/or renewal of the population of ovary cells in the OSE of DOR women.
L'éjaculation précoce : une revue de questions Premature ejaculation: A review of topics

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