Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goal Attainment and Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease-Related Events

Background: According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) treatment guidelines, patients with preexisting coronary heart disease (CHD) or other atherosclerotic vascular disease should lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to < 100 mg/dL. Recent statin trials document the benefit of cholesterol lowering on CHD events but do not address the optimal goal of LDL cholesterol. Methods: The pravastatin to simvastatin conversion-lipid optimization program (PSCOP) at the VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) was a formulary-conversion program designed to increase the percentage of patients who meet their recommended NCEP LDL cholesterol goal. We compared the incidence of clinical outcome and mortality between CHD patients from the original PSCOP cohort with postconversion LDL cholesterol greater than and < 100 mg/dL. A total of 524 patients were stratified by postconversion LDL cholesterol levels (greater than [N=183]) or < 100 mg/dL [N=341]) and observed for a mean duration of 27.7 months. Patients' VASDHS records were reviewed for postconversion mortality from any cause and CHD-related events. Patients were mailed a questionnaire to capture similar events that may have occurred outside of VASDHS, which might not be present in the patient's VASDHS record. Results: Lipid-lowering therapy ≤ 100 mg/dL was associated with a significantly lower percentage of total deaths and CHD-related events (40% vs 61%, P=0.008). In patients with LDL cholesterol >100 mg/dL, the relative risk of unstable angina (relative risk, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.8; P=0.004) and stroke (relative risk, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 8.6; P=0.04) were significantly greater compared to patients meeting their LDL cholesterol goal. Conclusions: Our study results support reducing LDL cholesterol to at least 100 mg/dL in the patient with CHD.
The wife of God

The case was presented of an ultra-orthodox Jewish woman who believed that she is the wife of God. Such a belief may be normative in some religions, but not in Judaism, where closeness to God is understood as a metaphor. Although the patient's beliefs are not acceptable within ultra-orthodox beliefs, there are examples of such ideas within the history of religious Judaism. The deviance of her delusions from the religious norm would appear to be deceptively minor. The similarities in content and underlying factors with possession states such as dybbuk and maggid are considered. Being the wife of God may be understood in terms of her disappointments and represent gaining control over the uncontrollable in her life and society. The details of the case management are presented to demonstrate the importance of discussing her ideas with her and working with community authority figures while respecting their status and rulings.
Regulation of Erythropoietin-induced STAT Serine Phosphorylation by Distinct Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases*

The STAT proteins are a family of latent transcription factors that are activated by a wide variety of cytokines. Upon receptor engagement, STATs become tyrosine phosphorylated, translocate to the nucleus, and induce expression of target genes. In addition to tyrosine phosphorylation, maximal activation of some STAT proteins requires serine phosphorylation within the transactivation domain. Here we focus on STAT phosphorylation after engagement of the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R). In Ba/F3-EPO-R cells, EPO induces tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, and STAT5B. Identical regions of the EPO-R couple to both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of each cognate STAT protein. A proximal region of the EPO-R lacking cytoplasmic tyrosines couples to STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation as well as ERK and p38HOGactivation, but not JNK/SAPK. STAT1 serine phosphorylation was perturbed by inhibition of ERK and p38 pathways, whereas only inhibition of ERK activation blocked STAT3 serine phosphorylation in response to EPO. STAT5A/B phosphorylation is downstream of EPO-R Tyr343, however, STAT5A/B serine phosphorylation is unaffected by either ERK or p38 inhibition. Physiological responses induced by EPO may depend on regulation of serine phosphorylation of the STAT molecules by p38HOG and the ERK family of kinases as well as additional serine/threonine kinases.
Different shades of default mode disturbance in schizophrenia: Subnodal covariance estimation in structure and function

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease with an apparent disruption in the highly associative default mode network (DMN). Interplay between this canonical network and others probably contributes to goal‐directed behavior so its disturbance is a candidate neural fingerprint underlying schizophrenia psychopathology. Previous research has reported both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity within the DMN, and both increased and decreased DMN coupling with the multimodal saliency network (SN) and dorsal attention network (DAN). This study systematically revisited network disruption in patients with schizophrenia using data‐derived network atlases and multivariate pattern‐learning algorithms in a multisite dataset (n = 325). Resting‐state fluctuations in unconstrained brain states were used to estimate functional connectivity, and local volume differences between individuals were used to estimate structural co‐occurrence within and between the DMN, SN, and DAN. In brain structure and function, sparse inverse covariance estimates of network coupling were used to characterize healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia, and to identify statistically significant group differences. Evidence did not confirm that the backbone of the DMN was the primary driver of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Instead, functional and structural aberrations were frequently located outside of the DMN core, such as in the anterior temporoparietal junction and precuneus. Additionally, functional covariation analyses highlighted dysfunctional DMN‐DAN coupling, while structural covariation results highlighted aberrant DMN‐SN coupling. Our findings reframe the role of the DMN core and its relation to canonical networks in schizophrenia. We thus underline the importance of large‐scale neural interactions as effective biomarkers and indicators of how to tailor psychiatric care to single patients.
Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of early cortical development: An examination of how Pax6 coordinates cortical development

The development of the cortex is an elaborate process that integrates a plethora of finely tuned molecular processes ranging from carefully regulated gradients of transcription factors, dynamic changes in the chromatin landscape, or formation of protein complexes to elicit and regulate transcription. Combined with cellular processes such as cell type specification, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, all of these developmental processes result in the establishment of an adult mammalian cortex with its typical lamination and regional patterning. By examining in‐depth the role of one transcription factor, Pax6, on the regulation of cortical development, its integration in the regulation of chromatin state, and its regulation by cis‐regulatory elements, we aim to demonstrate the importance of integrating each level of regulation in our understanding of cortical development. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:609–629, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of different coagulant enzymes used on quality of traditional Örgü cheese (Braided cheese)

In this study, Orgu cheese has been produced by using different coagulating enzymes (calf rennet, microbial enzymes, recombinant chymosin). The effects of different coagulating enzymes which are used on the characteristic of mineral material and cheese has been observed during 90 days ripening time. Mineral material contents of Orgu cheese have been determined with ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy). Proteolysis levels of cheese have been observed with chemical analysis and help of SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The determined difference between analysis results, titratable acidity, total nitrogen, water soluble nitrogen, ripening index, total solid, fat, fat in total solid, salt, salt in total solid, ash, texture, mineral material (Ca, Fe, Cu, Al, Mg, Mn) of Orgu cheese’s analysis result haven’t been regarded as significant statistically. Each of enzymes which are used effects similarly on α-casein and β-casein during the ripening time and each of the ratios which are gained have been closely determined.
Cisplatin Induces the Proapoptotic Conformation of Bak in a ΔMEKK1-Dependent Manner

ABSTRACT In a panel of four human melanoma cell lines, equitoxic doses of cisplatin induced the proapoptotic conformation of the Bcl-2 family protein Bak prior to the execution phase of apoptosis. Because cisplatin-induced modulation of the related Bax protein was seen in only one cell line, a degree of specificity in the signal to Bak is indicated. Little is known about upstream regulation of Bak activity. In this study, we examined whether the apoptosis-specific pathway mediated by a kinase fragment of MEKK1 (ΔMEKK1) is involved in the observed Bak modulation. We report that expression of a kinase-inactive fragment of MEKK1 (dominant negative MEKK [dnMEKK]) efficiently blocked cisplatin-induced modulation of Bak and cytochromec release and consequently also reduced DEVDase activation and nuclear fragmentation. Accordingly, expression of a kinase-active MEKK1 fragment (dominant positive MEKK) was sufficient to induce modulation of Bak in three cell lines and to induce apoptosis in two of these. dnMEKK did not block cisplatin-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, in agreement with a specifically proapoptotic role for the ΔMEKK1 pathway. Finally, we show that reduction of Bak expression by antisense Bak reduced cisplatin-induced loss of mitochondrial integrity and caspase cleavage activity in breast cancer cell lines. In summary, we have identified Bak as a cisplatin-regulated component downstream in a proapoptotic, JNK-independent ΔMEKK1 pathway.
Curcumin and Apigenin – novel and promising therapeutics against chronic neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer′s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by deposition of amyloid beta, neurofibrillary tangles, astrogliosis and microgliosis, leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss in the brain. Current treatments for Alzheimer′s disease primarily focus on enhancement of cholinergic transmission. However, these treatments are only symptomatic, and no disease-modifying drug is available for Alzheimer′s disease patients. This review will provide an overview of the proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, and cognition-enhancing effects of curcumin and apigenin and discuss the potential of these compounds for Alzheimer′s disease prevention and treatment. We suggest that these compounds might delay the onset of Alzheimer′s disease or slow down its progression, and they should enter clinical trials as soon as possible.
L'interprétation épistémique du futur en italien et en français : une analyse procédurale

L'A. propose une analyse pragmatique de l'usage epistemique du futur et du futur anterieur en francais et en italien dans des usages du type : On a sonne. Ce sera le facteur. L'A. cherche a donner une explication des ces emplois et de leur interpretation en exploitant l'approche procedurale a la signification des temps verbaux du modele developpe par le Groupe de Recherche sur la Reference Temporelle
Fabrication and Measurement of Low-Stress Polyimide Membrane for High-Resolution Variable Optical Attenuator

We have fabricated low-stress polyimide membranes for use as high-resolution variable optical attenuator (VOA). Polyimide membranes are assembled with fiber collimators to perform 3-D beam spoiling that varies the optical power with 0.01-dB resolution. The measured residual stress and Young's modulus of the polyimide membrane are 3.2 MPa and 15 GPa, respectively. The 41-mum deformation of the membrane is demonstrated by the electrostatic force with 170 volts. The 0.46-dB insertion loss and >15-dB dynamic range are achieved at 1550-nm wavelength
Distribution of TAG‐1 and synaptophysin in the developing cerebellar cortex: Relationship to Purkinje cell dendritic development

During postnatal cerebellar development, differentiating Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites extend towards the pial surface and progressively contact immature granule cell parallel fiber (PF) axons in the deep external granule layer (EGL), thus forming a zone of synaptic contact called the molecular layer (ML). The neuronal cell adhesion molecule, TAG‐1, is transiently expressed on PF axons in the deep EGL (Yamamoto et al. [1986] J. Neurosci. 12:3576–3594). To determine the spatiotemporal relationship between Purkinje cell dendritic differentiation and the cessation of TAG‐1 expression, sagittal sections from developing rat cerebellum were double‐labeled for TAG‐1 and the Purkinje cell‐specific marker, calbindin, by using indirect immunofluorescence. At postnatal day 2 (P2) and P5, confocal microscopy revealed that TAG‐1 immunoreactivity began above the furthest superficial extent of the Purkinje cell apical dendritic cap. By P10, PC dendrites penetrated partially into the TAG‐1‐positive deep EGL, creating a narrow region of overlap in TAG‐1/calbindin staining at the deep EGL/ML border. In contrast, at P15 and P20, TAG‐1 staining began directly above the furthest superficial extent of the Purkinje cell dendrites, with little or no overlap in TAG‐1/calbindin staining. Staining for the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein, synaptophysin, was dim throughout most of the TAG‐1‐positive deep EGL, although bright synaptophysin immunoreactivity was observed throughout the ML. Overlap in TAG‐1/synaptophysin staining was observed primarily at the deep EGL/ML border, suggesting that robust expression of synaptophysin in granule cells does not begin until after contact with Purkinje cell dendrites has been initiated. Our results suggest that factors present in the developing ML may influence the cessation of TAG‐1 expression and the initiation of synaptophysin expression at the border region between the ML and the deep EGL. J. Comp. Neurol. 395:121–135, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vers un modèle biologiquement plausible de la sélection de l'action pour un robot mobile

Cette these etudie les mecanismes de selection de l’action et de choix de strategie tels qu’ils apparaissent a travers des experiences animales et des enregistrements neurobiologiques. Nous proposons ensuite des modeles biologiquement plausibles de la selection de l’action. L’objectif est de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du cerveau chez les etres vivants et de pouvoir en deduire des architectures de controle bio-inspirees, plus robustes et adaptees a l’environnement. Les modeles etudies sont realises avec des reseaux de neurones artificiels, permettant de mod- eliser des regions cerebrales et ainsi pouvoir simuler le fonctionnement du cerveau, ce qui permet de tester nos hypotheses sur des robots et des agents virtuels. L’etude de la selection de l’action pour des robots mobiles implique plusieurs approches. La selection de l’action peut etre etudiee du point de vue du choix entre plusieurs actions basiques, e.g. un choix binaire aller a gauche ou a droite. Ceci passe forcement par l’acquisition et la categorisation d’instants et d’evenements speciaux, percus ou effectues, qui representent des contextes dans lesquels la perception change, le com- portement est modifie ou bien la selection est realisee. Ainsi, la these traite aussi de l’acquisition, la categorisation et l’encodage de ces evenements importants dans la selection de l’action. Enfin, on s’interessera a la selection de l’action du point de vue de la selection de strategie. Les differents comportements peuvent etre diriges consciemment ou bien etre des automatismes acquis avec l’habitude. Le but ici est d’explorer differentes approches pour que le robot puisse developper ces deux capacites, mais aussi d’etudier les interactions entre ces types de mecan- ismes dans la cadre de tâches de navigation. Les travaux de cette these se basent sur la modelisation du fonctionnement de differentes boucles hippocampo-cortico-basales impliquees dans des tâches de navigation, de selection de l’action et de categorisations multimodales. En particulier, nous avons un modele de l’hippocampe permettant d’apprendre des associations spatio-temporelles et des conditionnements multimodaux entre des evenements perceptifs. Il se base sur des associations sensorimotrices entre des cellules appelees cellules de lieu qui sont associees avec des actions pour definir des comportements co- herents. Le modele fait aussi intervenir des cellules de transition hippocampiques, permettant de faire des predictions temporelles sur les evenements futurs. Celles-ci permettent l’apprentissage de sequences spatio-temporelles, notamment du fait qu’elles representent le substrat neuronal a l’apprentissage d’une carte cognitive, situee elle au niveau du cortex prefrontal et/ou parietal. Ce type de carte permet de planifier des chemins a suivre en fonction des motivations du robot, ce qui permet de rejoindre differents buts precedemment decouverts dans l’environnement.
Purification of melanoma growth stimulatory activity

The Hs0294 human malignant melanoma cell line produces a monolayer mitogen that stimulates the serum free growth of low‐density cultures of Hs0294 cells. This report describes the purification of that mitogen, termed MGSA for melanoma growth stimulatory activity, from serum‐free conditioned medium from the Hs0294 cultures. MGSA has been purified from acetic acid extracts of lyophilized conditioned medium by gel filtration, reverse‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), and preparative electrophoresis, resulting in a >400,000‐fold purification. MGSA bioactivity resides in acid‐ and heat‐stable polypeptides of high and low molecular weight (24–28 kd and < 14–16 kd). However, the majority of the activity is reproducibly associated with the ˜16‐kd moiety eluting from RP‐HPLC at ∼35% acetonitrile. Reduction with dithiothreitol or B‐mercaptoethanol results in a loss of biological activity but does not convert the 24–28‐kd moieties to the<14–16‐kd forms of MGSA. 125l‐MGSA that has been purified by preparative electrophoresis (16 kd) specifically binds to Hs0294 melanoma cells and retains 100% of the growth‐stimulatory activity. The 16‐kd MGSA stimulates the proliferation of Hs0294 cells at concentrations of 0.3–30 pM. The electrophoretic mobility of MGSA is also unaltered by the preparative electrophoresis procedure, further demonstrating that this procedure does not alter the biochemical integrity of the growth factor. Purified MGSA does not enable anchorage‐independent growth of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells and is therefore different from the previously described transforming growth factors. The amino acid composition of MGSA differs from that of other previously described growth factors. These data demonstrate that MGSA represents a separate class of growth factors with biological and biochemical properties different from other growth factors.
Absolute Light Yield Determination for LGSO:Ce, CWO, ZnSe:Al, and GSO:Ce Crystals

This work has been aimed at measuring the absolute light yield of LGSO:Ce, CWO, ZnSe:Al, and GSO:Ce scintillators in photons/MeV using the PMT intrinsic resolution method. Special feature of this paper is simultaneous and self-consistent determination of absolute light yield and light collection coefficient of the detector.
Motors/generators for traction/propulsion applications: A review

The growing interest in electrification has led to a growing interest in hybrid/electrical traction applications. Many hybrid/electrical vehicles have been commercially introduced. Various technologies for the traction motors/generators have been developed. The requirements for motors/generators for hybrid/electrical traction applications are very demanding in terms of power density, efficiency, and cost. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the state of the art highlighting the key global trends and tradeoff of various technologies. The article will also discuss future trends and potential areas of research. The article will cover light-duty vehicles (with more focus), medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, off-highway vehicles (OHVs), locomotives, and ship propulsion. The goal of the article is to serve as a comprehensive reference for engineers working in the traction/propulsion area.
Induction of meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on conversion of the transcriptional represssor Ume6 to a positive regulator by its regulated association with the transcriptional activator Ime1

The transcription of meiosis-specific genes, as well as the initiation of meiosis, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on IME1. IME1 encodes a transcriptional activator which lacks known DNA binding motifs. In this study we have determined the mode by which Ime1 specifically activates the transcription of meiotic genes. We demonstrate that Ime1 is recruited to the promoters of meiotic genes by interacting with a DNA-binding protein, Ume6. This association between Ime1 and Ume6 depends on both starvation and the activity of a protein kinase, encoded by RIM11 In the absence of Ime1, Ume6 represses the transcription of meiotic genes. However, in the presence of Ime1, or when Ume6 is fused in frame to the Gal4 activation domain, Ume6 is converted from a repressor to an activator, resulting in the transcription of meiosis-specific genes and the formation of asci.
Isotope effect in the formation of H 2 from H 2 CO studied at the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR

Abstract. Formaldehyde of known, near-natural isotopic composition was photolyzed in the SAPHIR atmosphere simulation chamber under ambient conditions. The isotopic composition of the product H2 was used to determine the isotope effects in formaldehyde photolysis. The experiments are sensitive to the molecular photolysis channel, and the radical channel has only an indirect effect and cannot be effectively constrained. The molecular channel kinetic isotope effect KIEmol, the ratio of photolysis frequencies j(HCHO→CO+H2)/j(HCDO→CO+HD) at surface pressure, is determined to be KIEmol=1.63−0.046+0.038. This is similar to the kinetic isotope effect for the total removal of HCHO from a recent relative rate experiment (KIEtot=1.58±0.03), which indicates that the KIEs in the molecular and radical photolysis channels at surface pressure (≈100 kPa) may not be as different as described previously in the literature.
Comparison of infrastructure of Germinating Pea Leaves Prepared by High-Pressure Freezing-Freeze Substitution and Conventional Chemical Fixation

High-pressure freezing-freeze substitution (HPF-FS) methods were applied to germinating pea leaves. Good ultrastructural preservation without visible freezing damage was obtained up to 200 fan in thickness. Compared to conventional chemical fixation (CF), cellular membranes were smoother without undulation, and organelles appeared more turgid. The matrices of cytoplasm and organelles were denser and more homogeneous. These features imply that HPF-FS samples retain more substances and ultrastructure closer to the living state. There were differences in membrane stainability among organelles in HPF-FS specimens, which were not seen after CF. Bundles of microfilaments were observed frequently after HPF-FS.