Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is minimizing flow completion time the optimal way in meeting flow's deadline in datacenter networks

In modern datacenters, the most common method to solve the network latency problem is to minimize flow completion time during the transmission process. Following the soft real-time nature, the optimization of transport latency is relaxed to meet a flow's deadline in deadline-sensitive services. However, none of existing deadline-sensitive protocols consider deadline as a constraint condition of transmission. They can only simplify the objective of meeting a flow's deadline as a deadline-aware mechanism by assigning a higher priority for tight-deadline constrained flows to finish the transmission as soon as possible, which results in an unsatisfactory effect in the condition of high fan-in degree. It drives us to take a step back and rethink whether minimizing flow completion time is the optimal way in meeting flow's deadline. In this paper, we focus on the design of a soft real-time transport protocol with deadline constraint in datacenters and present a flow-based deadline scheduling scheme for datacenter networks (FBDS). FBDS makes the unilateral deadline-aware flow transmission with priority transform into a compound centralized single-machine deadline-based flow scheduling decision. In addition, FBDS blocks the flow sets and postpones some flows with extra time until their deadlines to make room for the new arriving flows in order to improve the deadline meeting rate. Our simulation results on flow completion time and deadline meeting rate reveal the potential of FBDS in terms of a considerable deadline-sensitive transport protocol for deadline-sensitive interactive services.
Increased muscle spindle sensitivity to movement during reinforcement manoeuvres in relaxed human subjects

The effects of reinforcement manoeuvres, such as mental computation and the Jendrassik manoeuvre, on muscle spindle sensitivity to passively imposed sinusoidal stretching (1.5 deg, 2 Hz) in relaxed subjects were analysed. The unitary activity of 26 muscle spindle afferents (23 Ia, 3 II) originating from ankle muscles was recorded using the microneurographic method. Particular care was paid to the subjects’ state of physical and mental relaxation. The results showed that the activity of 54 % of the Ia afferents was modified during mental computation. The modifications took the form of either an increase in the number of spikes (mean, 26 % among 11 Ia fibres) or a shortening in the latency of the response to sinusoidal stretching (mean, 13 ms among 3 Ia fibres), or both. They were sometimes accompanied by an enhanced variability in the instantaneous discharge frequency. The three secondary endings tested exhibited no change in their sensitivity to stretch during mental computation. The increased sensitivity to passive movements sometimes began as soon as the instructions were given to the subjects and sometimes increased during mental computation. In addition, the increased sensitivity either stopped after the subjects gave the right answer or continued for several minutes. During the performance of a Jendrassik manoeuvre, the Ia units underwent changes similar to those described above for mental computation. It was concluded that muscle spindle sensitivity to movement can be modified in relaxed human subjects. The results reinforce the idea that the fusimotor system plays a role in arousal and expectancy, and contribute to narrowing the gap between human and behaving animal data.
Enticing People to Interact with Large Public Displays in Public Spaces

Large displays are increasingly being placed in public places to support community and social activities. However, a major problem that has been observed with this new form of public interaction is the resistance by the public to participate. A main reason is due to the prominence of the affective aspect of the user experience. In particular, feelings of social embarrassment often act as a barrier. Our paper is concerned with understanding why this is the case and considering how we can attempt to overcome these aspects through improving the design of public interaction. Our focus is on how groups of people socialize around large public displays, the way they move towards them, congregate around them and change from being onlookers to participants and back again. We describe a system – the Opinionizer – which we designed and placed in two authentic social gatherings, intended to encourage socializing and interaction. We present our findings in terms of the patterns of physical and social engagement that take place around it. We then present a model of public interaction flow, which we use as the basis from which to provide design recommendations for encouraging public participation.
Az állam működési zavarainak társadalmi újratermelése

Kutatasunk arra keresett valaszt, hogy a jelenlegi jogervenyesitesi es allamműkode si mechanizmusok milyen tagabb tarsadalmi es allamvezerlesi kornyezetbe illesz kednek. Kiindulopontunk szerint az allam es a tarsadalom "rendetlensege" azt jelen ti, hogy az allam szervezetei, a tarsadalom intezmenyei es a lakossag jelentős resze nem a tarsadalmi kozmegegyezesben elfogadott, jogszabalyokban rogzitett, atlatha to, stabil normarendszer alapjan műkodnek egyutt, mivel rovid tavon nem is erdekel tek a mindennapi elet kiszamithatosaganak, a dontesi folyamatok nyilvanossaganak es az intezmenyi stabilitasnak a fenntartasaban. Ez akkor is igaz, ha a kiszamithatat lansag karos a tarsadalom egeszere nezve. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kod: K0.
ANN based pattern generation, design and simulation of broadband fractal antenna for wireless applications

The synthesis of microstrip antenna(MSA) remains complex and time consuming from convenient design point of view. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on the other hand provides quicker and accurate solutions while multiple parameters controlling MSA designs. This paper proposes a new type of square fractal antenna (SFA) structure iterated and optimized by ANN developed using Advanced C and simulated using HFSS for optimum resonance characteristics covering 1.6-6.6 GHz frequency range. The motivation behind this work is size reduction of MSAs through FA concept with broadband resonance. It is suggested that the proposed antenna can be a right choice for various wireless applications because of its broadband functionality.
Effective strategies in the management of Parkinson's disease.

With the emergence of new pharmacological agents and the resurrection of stereotactic neurosurgery, management of Parkinson's disease has become complex. This article reviews the available and emerging treatments. The value of ancillary services, e.g. physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy, uroneurology and a multidisciplinary approach are self-evident and will not be discussed.
Ferroic properties in bi-component perovskites: artificial superlattices and naturally forming compounds

The use of four different metal cations in a bi-component perovskite ABO3 structure with 50 : 50 substitution at A sublattice as well as B sublattice, opens up the door for materials designing, with the aim to improve ferroic properties. This can be achieved following two different routes; one using the concept of artificially grown superlattices with alternating layers of ABO3 and A′B′O3 perovskites in a periodic set-up and another, through synthesis of naturally grown bulk double perovskites with ordered arrangement of A and A′ cations, simultaneously with that of B and B′ cations. The tremendous progress in layered deposition techniques as well as advances in solid state chemistry methods, has made both routes equally plausible and an area of much activity. This review summarizes some of the recent progress in this field, with a special emphasis on two computational studies, (i) one on ultra-thin 1–1 superlattices built out of paraelectric and ferroelectric components, showing tunable piezoelectric properties, and (ii) another on CrOs-based double perovskites which show multiferroic behavior, achieved through layered ordering of A and A′ cations.
Prediction of in situ root decomposition rates in an interspecific context from chemical and morphological traits.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS We quantitatively relate in situ root decomposition rates of a wide range of trees and herbs used in agroforestry to root chemical and morphological traits in order to better describe carbon fluxes from roots to the soil carbon pool across a diverse group of plant species. METHODS In situ root decomposition rates were measured over an entire year by an intact core method on ten tree and seven herb species typical of agroforestry systems and were quantified using decay constants (k values) from Olson's single exponential model. Decay constants were related to root chemical (total carbon, nitrogen, soluble carbon, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) and morphological (specific root length, specific root length) traits. Traits were measured for both absorbing and non-absorbing roots. KEY RESULTS From 61 to 77 % of the variation in the different root traits and 63 % of that in root decomposition rates was interspecific. N was positively correlated, but total carbon and lignin were negatively correlated with k values. Initial root traits accounted for 75 % of the variation in interspecific decomposition rates using partial least squares regressions; partial slopes attributed to each trait were consistent with functional ecology expectations. CONCLUSIONS Easily measured initial root traits can be used to predict rates of root decomposition in soils in an interspecific context.
A model for adaptive accessibility of everyday objects in smart cities

This paper proposes a model that exploits the Internet of Things in the urban environment to promote the accessibility to physical real-world objects especially to those with special needs. The approach is primarily based on connecting and sharing data about accessibility requirements and real-world environment data. The approach is also founded on annotating physical objects, and adapting the interaction with the virtual side of cyber-physical objects in order to make physical objects accessible in a smart environment via smart devices. We define and build our model as an extension of previous research results in order to facilitate interaction with everyday objects and promote quality of life for those with special needs.
Autonomous agents for real-time animation

Advances in computing hardware, software, and network technology have enabled a new class of interactive applications involving 3D animated characters to become increasingly feasible. Many such applications require algorithms that allow both autonomous and user-controlled animated human figures to move naturally and realistically in response to task-level commands. This thesis presents a research framework aimed at facilitating the high-level control of animated characters in real-time virtual environments. The framework design is inspired by research in motion planning, control, and sensing for autonomous mobile robots. In particular, the problem of synthesizing motions for animated characters is approached from the standpoint of modelling and controlling a “virtual robot”. Two important classes of task-level motion control are investigated in detail. First, a technique for quickly synthesizing from navigation goals the collision-free motions for animated human figures in dynamic virtual environments is presented. The method combines a fast 2D path planner, a path-following controller, and cyclic motion capture data to generate the underlying animation. The rendering hardware is used to simulate the visual perception of a character, providing a feedback loop to the overall navigation strategy. Second, a method for automatically generating collision-free human arm motions to complete high-level object grasping and manipulation tasks is formulated. Given a target position and orientation in the workspace, a goal configuration for the arm is computed using an inverse kinematics algorithm that attempts to select a collision-free, natural posture. If successful, a randomized path planner is invoked to search the configuration space (C-space) of the arm, modeled as a kinematic chain with seven degrees of freedom (DOF), for a collision-free path connecting the arm initial configuration to the goal configuration. Results from experiments using these techniques in an interactive application with high-level scripting capabilities are presented and evaluated. Finally, how this research fits into the larger context of automatic motion synthesis for animated agents is discussed.
Active site mutagenesis of the AIDS virus protease and its alleviation by trans complementation.

Replacement of the putative active site Asp residue of cloned HIV‐1 protease with Ala yields a molecule incapable of autocatalytic processing. Similarly, protease/reverse transcriptase and protease/reverse transcriptase/endonuclease polyproteins containing the same mutation accumulate as enzymatically inert polyproteins. Introduction of a second, wild‐type, copy of protease in trans alleviates this defect, leading in the case of individually cloned protease to cleavage of the mutant protein, and with the polyprotein mutants to release of the reverse transcriptase and endonuclease polypeptides, the former of which recover enzymatic activity. In related experiments, a similar inhibition and trans‐complementation of a genetically engineered gag–protease fusion protein was observed.
Maniobras de reclutamiento alveolar en pacientes oncológicos

* Médico Especialista en Anestesiología y Terapia Intensiva. Departamento de Anestesiología del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan). Departamento de Terapia Intensiva del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER). ** Médico Especialista en Neumología y Terapia Intensiva. Departamento de Terapia Intensiva del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER). *** Médico Especialista en Medicina Interna. Residente de Neumología del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER).
Will African Agriculture Survive Climate Change

Measurement of the likely magnitude of the economic impact of climate change on African agriculture has been a challenge. Using data from a survey of more than 9,000 farmers across 11 African countries, a cross-sectional approach estimates how farm net revenues are affected by climate change compared with current mean temperature. Revenues fall with warming for dryland crops (temperature elasticity of -1.9) and livestock (-5.4), whereas revenues rise for irrigated crops (elasticity of 0.5), which are located in relatively cool parts of Africa and are buffered by irrigation from the effects of warming. At first, warming has little net aggregate effect as the gains for irrigated crops offset the losses for dryland crops and livestock. Warming, however, will likely reduce dryland farm income immediately. The final effects will also depend on changes in precipitation, because revenues from all farm types increase with precipitation. Because irrigated farms are less sensitive to climate, where water is available, irrigation is a practical adaptation to climate change in Africa.
Nonlinear signalling networks and cell-to-cell variability transform external signals into broadly distributed or bimodal responses

We show theoretically and experimentally a mechanism behind the emergence of wide or bimodal protein distributions in biochemical networks with nonlinear input–output characteristics (the dose–response curve) and variability in protein abundance. Large cell-to-cell variation in the nonlinear dose–response characteristics can be beneficial to facilitate two distinct groups of response levels as opposed to a graded response. Under the circumstances that we quantify mathematically, the two distinct responses can coexist within a cellular population, leading to the emergence of a bimodal protein distribution. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrate the appearance of wide distributions in the hypoxia-inducible factor-mediated response network in HCT116 cells. With help of our theoretical framework, we perform a novel calculation of the magnitude of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the dose–response obtained experimentally.
[The effects of oxidative stress to PCOS].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and PCOS, to provide an evidence for the treatment of PCOS. METHODS The levels of maternal serum LPO, MDA, SOD, VE and VC were measured in 30 patients with PCOS (PCOS group 1) and in 30 normal women (control group) by chemicalorimetry. After being measured, the patients with PCOS (PCOS group 1) took VE 0.1 qd x 3 months, VC 0.2 bid x 3 months and Diane-35 (Ethinylestradiol and Cyproterone Acetate Tablets) 1 # qd x 21 d/month x 3 months. The LPO, MDA, SOD, VE and VC were measured after three months. The other 30 patients with PCOS (PCOS group 2) were chosen to take Diane-35 (Ethinylestradiol and Cyproterone Acetate Tablets) 1 qd x 21 d/month x 3 months only. The menstrual cycles were viewed in PCOS group 1 and PCOS group 2 for three months. RESULTS The levels of maternal serum LPO and MDA in patients with PCOS (PCOS group 1) were significant higher than that in normal women (control group) (P < 0.05). The levels of maternal serum VE, VC and SOD in patients with PCOS (PCOS group 1) were lower than that in normal women (control group) (P < 0.05). The levels of LPO and MDA after taking Diane-35, VE and VC were lower than that before taking Diane-35, VE and VC. The levels of VE, VC and SOD after taking Diane-35, VE and VC were higher than that before taking Diane-35, VE and VC. The recoveries of menstrual cycles in PCOS group 1 were better than that in PCOS group 2. CONCLUSION The PCOS may be related to oxidative stress (the metabolism imbalance of reactive oxygen species). The antioxidants may improve the prognosis of PCOS.
Colony growth of peripheral blood cells from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Summary The colony-forming potential of peripheral blood cells from ten patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, as well as their urinary colony-stimulating activity levels, has been studied. Peripheral white blood cells from 4 of 10 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia formed significant numbers of colonies when grown on feeder layers of normal human white blood cells. The colonies were composed of peroxidase-positive cells with lobulated nuclei. Urinary colony-stimulating activity levels were variable and appeared to be related to the total absolute granulocyte count in both treated and untreated patients.
Pseudofacilitation: A misleading term

The possible causes of the transient enlargement of muscle compound action potentials during repetitive stimulation (“pseudofacilitation”) are considered. The phenomenon cannot be due to mechanical artefact, while hypersynchronization of the muscle fiber action potentials, the usual explanation, can only make a minor contribution. A more convincing explanation, for which there is now experimental evidence, is that the muscle fibers undergo hyperpolarization, due to the intramuscular release of norepinephrine and consequent stimulation of the electrogenic Na+, K+‐pump. Defective phosphorylation of the Na+, K+‐pump is a possible cause of the transient weakness and myotonia in myotonic dystrophy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Budgeting sinks and sources of CO2 in the coastal ocean: Diversity of ecosystems counts

Air‐water CO2 fluxes were up‐scaled to take into account the latitudinal and ecosystem diversity of the coastal ocean, based on an exhaustive literature survey. Marginal seas at high and temperate latitudes act as sinks of CO2 from the atmosphere, in contrast to subtropical and tropical marginal seas that act as sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. Overall, marginal seas act as a strong sink of CO2 of about −0.45 Pg C yr−1. This sink could be almost fully compensated by the emission of CO2 from the ensemble of near‐shore coastal ecosystems of about 0.40 Pg C yr−1. Although this value is subject to large uncertainty, it stresses the importance of the diversity of ecosystems, in particular near‐shore systems, when integrating CO2 fluxes at global scale in the coastal ocean.
Age and bone mass in premenopausal women

It is important to determine the bone mass in normal premenopausal women because increasing numbers of conditions have been identified that result in premenopausal osteoporosis. The relationship between age and bone density was evaluated in 57 carefully characterized normal, premenopausal women using both single energy quantitative computed tomography (SEQCT) and dual energy (DEQCT). The mean bone density measurements were 172 mg/ml K2HPO4 SEQCT and 185 DEQCT. Bone density showed no statistically significant decline between age 18 and age 44. Single‐ and dual‐energy data were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89), and dual energy appeared to confer no advantage. There was an inverse relation between density and age of menarche. Bone density did not correlate with ideal body weight, percentage fat, or subcutaneous fat area.
Hynotizability, dissociation and three factors of eating behaviour

Concepts such as hypnosis and dissociation have attracted increasing interest within dietary disorder research, especially in the investigation of bulimia nervosa and bulimic tendencies. A number of studies have revealed that, compared with agematched controls, individuals expressing bulimic tendencies demonstrate elevated levels of hypnotizability (e.g., Pettinati, Horne & Staats, 1985; Groth-Marnat & Schumaker, 1990; Barabasz, 1991; Kranhold, Baumann & Fichter, 1992; Covino, Jimerson, Wolfe, Franko & Frankel, 1994) and increased dissociative capacity (e.g., Sanders, 1986; Torem, 1986; Demitrak, Putnam, Brewerton, Brandt & Gold, 1990; McCallum, Lock, Kulla, Rorty & Wetzel 1992; Vanderlinden, Van Dyck, Vandereycken & Vertommen, 1993; Rosen & Petty, 1994). Despite evidence that dissociative and hypnotic capacities are both greater in bulimics, measures of these two capacities are themselves only modestly correlated (Nadon, Hoyt, Register & Khilstrom, 1991; Frischholz, Braun, Sachs, Schwartz, Lewis, Shaeffer, Westergaard & Pasquotto, 1992; Oakman, Woody & Bowers, 1996) and may represent the operation of different, yet related, psychological processes. Given that hypnosis and dissociation are only loosely correlated and, in view of the complex nature of bulimic aetiology, it appears likely that hypnotic and dissociative mechanisms may operate on different psychological aspects of this type of eating disorder. The use of specific psychological measures of eating behaviours and attitudes is helpful in constructing theoretical frameworks that may relate aspects of bulimic tendencies to hypnotic and dissociative mechanisms. Unfortunately, few studies have as yet identified specific behavioural and psychological patterns, relating to hypnotic and dissociative capacity, which are associated with bulimic behaviour and bulimic tendencies. Groth-Marnat and Schumaker (1990) did find interesting associations between hypnotizability and concerns over weight and fat, suggesting the operation of social factors, possibly moderated by hypnotic capacity. Similarly, Wybraniec and Oakley (1996) found moderate correlations between hypnosis in a waking context and cognitive aspects of dietary restraint. In terms of dissociative capacity Rosen and Petty (1994) found high to moderate correlations in a college population between both affective and loss-of-control aspects of dissociation and a wide range of eating disordered behaviours and attitudes, including bulimic tendencies.