Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fiscal and Monetary Policy Instruments on Economic Growth of Nigeria from 1985-2016

This research work examined Effect of Fiscal and Monetary Policy Instruments on Economic Growth of Nigeria from 1985-2016. The study was anchored mainly on the quantity theory of money. The researcher used secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin from 1985-2016. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation and Skewness and the relationship between the variables of the model was tested using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) regression analysis after the data was found to be stationary and integrated of different orders. The result of the ARDL regression analysis shows that monetary policy rate having a positive relationship with real gross domestic product is unexpected owing to its ultimate effect on prime lending rate which affects productive economic activities. Government recurrent expenditure was found to have positive significant relationship with economic growth. Accordingly, the long run relationship between monetary policy, fiscal policy instruments and economic growth in Nigeria points to the critical role of the monetary policy decision of the Central Bank of Nigeria and Federal Government fiscal policy programmes on growth and development of economy. This study concludes that monetary policy measured by monetary policy rate and the fiscal policies proxied by government recurrent expenditure have not significantly affected economic growth in Nigeria. It was recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria should further develop the financial sector through making more funds available to the private sector by reducing monetary policy rate which affects interest rate ceiling on loans to the private sector. And that the Central Bank of Nigeria should further develop the financial sector through making more funds available to the private sector by reducing monetary policy rate which affects interest rate ceiling on loans to the private sector.
Sleep and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Man has always had a fascination with sleep; ancient philosophers considered it to be a state somewhere between life and death, though were more fascinated by dreams and their interpretation. We all know when we have had a good or bad night’s sleep and recognise that feeling of tiredness when sleep is required. However, it is easy to imagine sleep as a period of simple dormancy, the quiescent part of our daily lives, analogous to putting one’s computer or television in a standby mode. The neurological characteristics of sleep were not properly examined and described until the 1960s.1 We now understand it to be a dynamic process essential for life and health. Recently, it has become apparent that sleep quality and quantity can impact upon a number of metabolic, immune and hormonal processes including energy regulation and glycaemic control.2–5
Le modèle de revenu comme stratégie de vente des produits de base : cas des coopératives camerounaises de cacao et de café

Cet article propose le modele de revenu comme strategie de vente des produits de base aux producteurs pour lesquels les modeles existants sont inoperants. Il convoque la theorie du jeu et une regression multiple couplee d’un processus ARCH. Les donnees proviennent du CICC. Les resultats montrent que le revenu est explique par les cours futurs et par 25 % du differentiel des cours. Ce modele est plus stable et moins contraignant. C’est une des solutions pour la gestion du risque de prix. Il poursuit le meme objectif que celui des autres travaux : la reduction des fluctuations.
A retrospective literature study of osteoporosis incidence based on- 2. 5 SD criteria in mainland China

Objective To learn osteoporosis incidence based on- 2.5 SD criteria in mainland China by analyzing and evaluating the national literature of epidemiological survey about BM D.Me thods Using osteoporosis and incidence as keywords,the literature related to samples with men and women with different age,measuring sites,BM D,models of DEXA device,and the incidence of osteoporosis was selected from China Hospital Knowledge Database( CHKD) and Wanfang data.The diagnosis of osteoporosis was based on the T score lower than- 2.5SD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method.The incidence of osteoporosis in our country was analyzed using a statistical software.Re sults A total of 109 full-text documents were retrieved,in which 16 papers met the requirements.Same type of device was used to measure BM D in the 6 out of the 16 papers.The incidence of osteoporosis was 6.37% ± 2.39% in women and 4.11% ± 1.70% in men of 40-50-year-old,21.75% ± 5.96% in women and 12.90% ± 6.35 in men of 50-60-year-old,46.38% ± 12.03% in women and 19.90% ± 8.31% in men of 60-70-year-old,64.32% ± 9.79% % in women and 28.97% ± 7.63% in men of 70-80-year-old,and 76.74% ± 5.28% in women and 39.78%± 15.09% in men of 80-90-year-old,respectively.Conclusion The incidence of osteoporosis in males is lower than that in females in all age divisions,and the ratio is close to 1∶ 2.The incidence of osteoporosis is 19.74%( about 20%) in people over 40 years old,with 112 million in population.
The effects of cashless payments on corruption

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between cashless payments and corruption in European countries from period of year 2000 to 2015. This is a secondary-based research whereby all the data is obtained from European Central Bank (ECB) data warehouse, with a total of 432 observations. This research examines empirically whether the corruption level is related to changes in Cashless Payments, Government Size, Democracy and Economic Prosperity. Generalized Method of Moments is adopted in this study to capture the effects of independent variables due to the fact that we used dynamic panel date in this research. The empirical result showed that both cashless payments and economic prosperity are significantly and negatively correlated to corruption. On the other hand, government size and democracy are found to be significantly and positively correlated to corruption. This research allows the government to understand the variables that may impact corruption level. Thus, this research is useful for the government in choosing the method of cashless transaction to focus on in bringing down the rate of corruption.
It Depends on What You Share: The Elusive Cost Savings from Service Sharing

Intermunicipal cooperation is the most prevalent alternative service delivery method for US local governments. While aspirations for budgetary savings are one motivating factor, increased service quality and regional coordination are also important goals. We use an original 2013 survey of local governments in New York State to assess the level of service sharing and outcomes. We match our survey with 20 years (1996–2016) of service-level costs data to explore the relationships between sharing and costs across 12 common local government services. We contribute to the literature by providing the first multivariate assessment of the effect of cooperation on costs in the United States, and we contribute theoretical insights on the objectives and type of cooperation to explain differences in the effects of cooperation on costs across a variety of services. Our multivariate time series regressions find that service sharing leads to cost reductions in solid waste management, roads and highways, police, library, and sewer services; no difference in costs for economic development, ambulance/EMS, fire, water, and youth recreation; and higher costs in elder services, and planning and zoning. These differences are explained by whether services have characteristics such as asset specificity and the ability to achieve economies of scale on the one hand, or if sharing leads to greater administrative intensity or promotes other objectives such as quality and regional coordination outcomes on the other hand. We also analyze the effect of sharing on service costs over time, and find solid waste, roads and highways, police, and library are the only services where costs show a continued downward trend. These results show the limited role for economies of scale, even in asset specific services. Because cost savings are elusive, public sector reformers should be careful not to assume cost savings from sharing. The theoretical foundations for service sharing extend beyond economies of scale and transaction costs. Scholars should give more attention to organizational form and the broader goals of sharing.
The Effect of Communication Media on Information Sharing in Supply Chains

Using laboratory experiments, we study how communication media affect cooperation in a supply chain when the buyer has private information about the end‐customer demand. We show that coordinating contracts (quantity discount) combined with efficient means to electronically share private information (one‐way, pre‐defined text message) result in almost efficient outcomes, but only if verbal communication takes place before the actual contracting stage. Content analysis shows that verbal communication is especially effective in establishing trust and trustworthiness when players talk about reciprocal strategies and it is more so when the buyer clearly expresses guilt from lying. Furthermore, the clarification of the mutual benefits of information sharing moves the buyer to truthfulness. Finally, we show that our results are not due to a reputation building mechanism of repeated interaction.
Mining and Local Economies: Dilemma between Environmental Protection and Job Opportunities

Mining areas often experience a climate of social tension due to the potential trade-off between expected employment impact and concerns for environmental damage. We address this topic from a theoretical perspective that, unlike most empirical research, includes medium-term dynamics. We developed a two-sector dynamic model that provides a new way to identify differences among mining regions in terms of conflict risk, local development, and welfare. There are critical points in the natural-resource base of local nonmining activities and in the pollution rate of mining operations, which determine the type of dynamics and its welfare outcomes due to the opening up of the economy to mining investment. Pollution control is a sine qua non for welfare gains despite new job opportunities in the mining sector.
In the Shadow of State Government: Changes in Municipal Spending After Two Recessions

This research estimates a model of own-source revenue diversification and a model of changes in operational spending in municipal governments from 1997 to 2012 to determine how these governments have adapted to the two significant recessions that occurred during this time period. The first model examines factors that affect revenue diversification, focusing on the state–local fiscal context and how the level of urbanization of the area surrounding the municipalities impacts the effect of state–local context and other factors. The second model examines how municipal governments in the United States have adapted their spending to the two severe recessions of the 2000s, focusing on how state context, revenue diversification, and other factors affect changes in operational spending. Finally, this research also looks at the conditional effects of the size of government on the impact of state context, environmental pressures, and revenue structure on changes in operational spending.
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Carbon Emissions and Their Influencing Factors for Tourist Attractions at Heritage Tourist Destinations

Carbon emissions play an important role in sustainable tourism development at heritage sites. The study takes the Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (WSHIA) as an example, and primary and secondary data sources are used to measure and estimate the carbon emissions of tourist attractions from 1979 to 2014. The temporal and spatial evolution of carbon emissions and their influencing factors for tourist attractions at heritage tourist destinations are analyzed. The results show that there are great differences in carbon emissions per visitor across the different types of tourism attractions at the heritage tourist destination, and there are significant monthly and interannual differences in the carbon emissions of the tourism attractions in the WSHIA. The main influencing factors include tourism seasonality, the rapid growth of China’s tourism market, and the rising popularity of heritage tourism. The spatial evolution of carbon emissions of the tourist attractions can be divided into three stages, and its main influencing factors include functional zoning and environmental regulation at the heritage sites and diversified evolution of the heritage tourist attractions. The findings of this study could enrich theories of low-carbon tourism and provide the low-carbon development measures of sustainable tourism in heritage tourist destinations for policymakers.
Completing Our Streets: Lessons for Los Angeles from peer agencies creating safer, multimodal streets

Author(s): Schilling, Malia | Advisor(s): Goh, Kian | Abstract: This report analyzes ten peer cities across the state, country and globe with the goal of providing best practices and lessons learned for Los Angelesâ€™ update of its street design guidance: Atlanta, Dallas, London, Mumbai, Philadelphia, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Toronto, and Washington DC. Specifically, the report examines each cityâ€™s development and implementation of its street design guidelines through semi-structured interviews and an analysis of six priority complete streets design treatments. Treatments analyzed include corner radii, curb extensions, pedestrian refuge islands, raised crosswalks, roundabouts, and transit platforms. Based on my analysis, I recommend three policy guidelines for the City of Los Angeles: 1) prioritize street design regulations over recommendations, 2) choose flexibility over specificity, and 3) create unified documentation.
Agricultural Trade Diversity of India with Asean

The ASEAN is India’s fourth-largest trading partner after the EU, the US and China. Considering the significance of trade relation between India and ASEAN, the present study has been conducted with an objective to analyse the diversity in agricultural trade between India and ASEAN nations. The study has incorporated HS-2 digit codes to classify agricultural products and selected products falling under 01 to 24 chapters, which are agricultural products. Time series data of trade from 2001 to 2015 has been used in the present analysis. To see the importance of ASEAN as a major trading partner, shares of India’s trade with ASEAN relative to world has been computed. It is apparent from the result that India’s import from ASEAN is more than its export for the entire period. Simpsons Index of Diversity has been used to know the degree of diversification in agricultural trade between the two trading partners. The findings concluded that India exports of agricultural products are comparatively diversified with ASEAN compared to its import. The result suggests that there is stability in agriculture export earnings of India from ASEAN which in long run can contribute to the Economic growth. Highlights m India exports of agricultural products are diversified with ASEAN compared to its import which leads to stability in income earning for economic growth.
Role of mutual identification in motivating employee’s labor donations within employee-customer dyad

Komplexitat von Aufgaben, umgebende Unsicherheit und unvollstandige Vertrage sind nur wenige prominente Faktoren, die es erschweren traditionelle Motivationsmechanismen in Unternehmen anzuwenden. Wahrenddessen erlauben uns die gleichen Faktoren die Vorzuge von pro-soziale Motiven zu erkennen, um Verhalten entsprechend zu steuern. Basierend auf interdisziplinarer Literaturrecherche unterscheiden wir zwischen pro-sozialen Verhalten, das einerseits durch andere und andererseits durch selbstbezogene Motive ausgelost werden kann. Das durch andere ausgeloste pro-soziale Verhalten wird vielfach mit Empathie in Verbindung gebracht und das selbstbezogene pro-soziale Verhalten wird mit der Wahrung des Selbstbildes assoziiert. Bestehende Forschung zeigt, dass Empathie zunimmt, wenn die Distanz in einem pro-sozialen Akt zwischen Bereitsteller und Begunstigen geringer wird. Anderseits steigt auch die Wahrung des Selbstbildes, wenn pro-soziales Verhalten beobachtbar wird. In unserer Forschung fokussieren wir auf das pro-soziale Verhalten von Angestellten gegenuber Kunden. Wir stellen die Hypothesen auf, dass es zu einem Anstieg der Leistung kommt, wenn die soziale Distanz zwischen den Angestellten und den Kunden reduziert wird bzw. wenn die Angestellten identifizierbar gegenuber dem Kunden sind. In mehrdimensionalen Aufgaben, abhangig von verwendeten Mechanismen, kann die Leistung hinsichtlich des Outputs in Form von Quantitats- oder Qualitatsattributen gelenkt werden. Damit diese Hypothesen getestet werden konnen, wurden 100 Studierende der Universitat Wien angeworben, eine Aufgabe fur einen echten Kunden durchzufuhren. Wie angenommen, sorgten die Teilnehmenden, deren Identitat offen gegenuber dem Kunden war, fur eine positive Imagedarstellung und maximierten die sichtbaren Attribute der Qualitat. Obwohl die Quantitat fur den Kunden sehr wertvoll ist, aber auch schwer messbar, wurde die Leistung somit auf Kosten der Quantitat sichtbar gemacht. Teilnehmende, die individuelle Informationen uber den Kunden erhielten, maximierten die Quantitat in Verbindung mit mehreren Qualitatsattributen. Gemas den Ergebnissen der weiterfuhrenden Studie, dank dieser kundenzentrierten Strategie, erhielt deren Output signifikant hohere Zufriedenheitsraten bei den potentiellen Kunden.
Health and Development

In this paper we examine whether the Solow growth model is consistent with across-countries variations in standard of living once investments in education and health are explicitly and simultaneously taken into account. Using a sample of low- and middle-income economies, we provide evidence that per capita GDP is positively affected by population's health, here proxied by the life expectancy at birth. Public expenditure on health affects indirectly the level of per capita income through its positive effectect on life expectancy. Using a Finite Mixture approach, we also show that richer economies are those where the impact of unobserved factors on the level of per capita income is stronger.
Security analyst firm reputation and investors’ response to forecasted stocks in the biotechnology sector

ABSTRACT Stock analyst reputation bridges the gap between technical knowledge of the high-technology and the investor's response to its stock, implying that the reputation of the stand-alone analyst serves this purpose. However, global firms have a stronger influence on their stock analysts than do small firms with 2 personnel. Does firm reputation affect the individual analyst and attract investor attention to forecasted stocks? Evidence from SAFs (security analyst firms) in the biotechnology sector supports this question and proposition. Four moderators (interactive predictors of organisational reputation) show positive correlations. They are the SAF's age, size, performance, and media coverage. These organisational level measures contribute to the institutional theory compared to the literature that focuses on the individual analyst without their organisations. In line with institutional theory, we make three explicit points. First, high uncertainty in the biotechnology sector turns investors to the organisational legitimacy and reputation of the analyst. Second, the organisational age, size, performance and media coverage of the security firm reduces uncertainty of the investor in the biotechnology sector. Third, the reputation of security firm flow to its individual analysts as well as from the individual analyst to the security firm. Thus, the organisational context matters in a social setting.
Fiscal Episodes in the EMU: Elasticities and Non-Keynesian Effects

We estimate short- and long-run elasticities of private consumption for fiscal instruments, using a Fixed Effects model for the 19-euro area countries during the period of 1960-2017, to assess how fiscal elasticities vary during fiscal episodes. According to the results, positive “tax revenue” elasticities indicate that consumers have a Ricardian behaviour, whereby they perceive an increase in taxation to be a sign of future government spending. “Social benefits” appear to have a non-keynesian effect on private consumption. In addition, using a narrative approach to identify fiscal consolidations, it is seen that private consumption continues to exhibit a non-keynesian response to tax increases, both in the short and long-run, and “other expenditures” have a recessive impact during “normal times”. Furthermore, “social benefits” are more contractionary in consolidations than in both expansions and “normal times”. Additionally, after the launch of the EMU, expansionary fiscal consolidations became harder to observe, and “other expenditure” and “investment” lost their non-keynesian role.
Gobernanza territorial de la seguridad en la ciudad de Natal - Brasil

La inseguridad urbana es un fenómeno cada vez más común en las ciudades contemporáneas. Su emergencia y consolidación repercuten de forma decisiva en el espacio urbano, en su (des) organización, (re) producción y vivencias. En este contexto, surgen acciones conjuntas entre diversos actores con el objetivo de combatir la inseguridad urbana que crece asociada a la insuficiencia de las acciones estatales. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la movilización social frente a la inseguridad urbana como formas de gobernanza territorial. Para ello, nos valemos de la investigación cualitativa en Geografía, para discutir dos ejemplos de gobernanza territorial de la inseguridad en la ciudad de Natal-RN, Brasil. Estos ejemplos aparecen como ensayos de gobernanza que asocian distintos agentes (sociedad civil organizada, poder público y poder privado) a través del uso de dispositivos (celulares, cámaras, smartphones) construyendo una red que favorece el ejercicio de la ciudadanía y ofrece modelos de superación del problema de la inseguridad.
Evaluation of indications for cataract surgery.

: The large number of cataract operations performed in the United States annually has raised questions as to the indications and methods of documentation. The criteria designed for the Physicians and Surgeons Review Organization (PSRO), the thrust of second opinions, and an evaluation of the types of cataracts producing visual impairment are discussed. The contralight test of Junker is demonstrated as a means of determining the effect of cataracts on visual acuity and could be used as an indicator of the need for surgery.