Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic investigation of the abietane diterpenoid degradation pathway of pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9

Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9 is able to degrade abietane diterpenoids, via a dioxygenolytic pathway. Tn5 transposon mutagenesis and inverse PCR were used to clone and sequence the dit gene cluster which encodes enzymes and a transcription regulator of the catabolic pathway for abietane diterpenoid degradation in P. abietaniphila BKME-9. The gene cluster is located on a 16.7 kb EcoRI-EcoRI DNA fragment containing 13 complete and 1 partial open reading frames (ORFs). The genes ditAl ditA2 and ditA3 encode the a and p subunits and the ferredoxin of a new class of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases. Sequence analysis of the ferredoxin indicated that it is likely to be a [4Fe-4S]or [3Fe-4S]-type ferredoxin, and not a [2Fe-2S]-type ferredoxin, as found in all previously described ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases. Expression in E. coli of ditAl A2 and dit A3, resulted in a functional enzyme. The diterpenoid dioxygenase attacks 7-oxodehydroabietic acid but not dehydroabietic acid (DhA), at C-l 1 and C12, producing 7-oxo-ll,12-dihydroxy-8,13-abietadien acid. The dioxygenase mutant strain BKME-941 {ditA l:\ln5) did not grow on nonaromatic abietanes, and transformed palustric and abietic acids to 7-oxoDhA in cell suspensions assays, demonstrating that the dioxygenase is essential and central to the abietane catabolic pathway. Using xylE reporter gene transcriptional fusions, it was shown that abietic, dehydroabietic, 7-oxodehydroabietic, isopimaric and 12,14-dichlorodehydroabietic acids induce the expression of ditAl and ditA3. In addition to the aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes, the dit cluster encodes the extradiol ring cleavage dioxygenase ditC and the IclR-type transcriptional regulator ditR. The ditC gene is required for the growth of P. abietaniphila on abietanes. Cell suspensions of the ditC mutant strain produced a yellow colored supernatant and accumulated several DhA metabolites. Although ditR is not required for the growth of strain BKME-9 on abietanes, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase activity of xylE
Effect of immobile isolated enzymes from rumen liquid by using alginate matrices on the bay leaf extraction

This research aims to develop the enzymatically of bay leaves phytochemical extraction process. The novelty and the main innovations of this research is the development of extraction process by using enzymatic extractor and isolate the enzymes from rumen liquid to shift the equilibrium phase, increase the extraction rate and increase the extraction yield. The activity of rumen liquid enzyme was represented by the activity of cellulase and protease. The analyze of total flavonoid content was performed by using UV-Vis Spectrofometry. The activity of immobilized enzyme of cellulase (0.08±0.00 U/ml) was lower than the un-immobilized one (0.23±0.00 U/ml). However, there was no difference activity of the immobilized (0.75±0.00 U/ml) and un-immobilized (0.76±0.01 U/ml) of protease. The model of mass transfer of un-immobilized enzyme can be fitted on the experimental data, however the model of mass transfer of immobilized enzyme did not match with the experimental data. The mass transfer coefficient of enzymatic extraction flavonoids bay leaf without immobilization was 0.17167 s−1 which greater than the reported value of obtained KLa from extraction by using electric heating.This research aims to develop the enzymatically of bay leaves phytochemical extraction process. The novelty and the main innovations of this research is the development of extraction process by using enzymatic extractor and isolate the enzymes from rumen liquid to shift the equilibrium phase, increase the extraction rate and increase the extraction yield. The activity of rumen liquid enzyme was represented by the activity of cellulase and protease. The analyze of total flavonoid content was performed by using UV-Vis Spectrofometry. The activity of immobilized enzyme of cellulase (0.08±0.00 U/ml) was lower than the un-immobilized one (0.23±0.00 U/ml). However, there was no difference activity of the immobilized (0.75±0.00 U/ml) and un-immobilized (0.76±0.01 U/ml) of protease. The model of mass transfer of un-immobilized enzyme can be fitted on the experimental data, however the model of mass transfer of immobilized enzyme did not match with the experimental data. The mass transfer coefficient of enzymatic .
Effects of Extract from Rosa Roxburghir Tratt or Extract of Fagopyrum Cymosum Meissn on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Carcinoma CaEs-17 Cell Line

[Purpose] To investigate the effect of CL plus FR on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human esophageal carcinoma CaEs-17 cell line in vitro. [Methods] The cells proliferation inhibition were detected by MTT assay.Cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The changes of Ki-67,Bax and Bcl-2 expression were quantified by RT-PCR and Western blot. [Results] The CaEs-17 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by CL or FR alone and CL plus FR,with a dose-dependent manner.The inhibitory rate of CL at dose of IC30,FR at dose of IC30 and CL plus FR at a half dose of IC30 was 26.87%±0.29%,25.20%±0.42% and 39.58%±1.07%,respectively.The cells apoptosis rate tended to increasing orders in control,CL,FR and CL plus FR groups,and that in CL,FR group,compared with that in CL plus FR group were significantly difference(P0.05). Compared with the CL and FR alone group,the CL plus FR group's Ki-67 and bcl-2 mRNA(protein) expressions were markedly decreased and the expression of Bax mRNA(protein) was markedly increased. [Conclusion] Both CL and FR can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of CaEs-17 cells,and there is a synergistic effect of CL and FR in vitro.
Re-evaluation of nutrient sources for deep-sea wood-boring bivalves using the isotopic composition of bulk C, N, S, and amino acid nitrogen

Wood-boring bivalves (families Xylophagaidae and Teredinidae) are unique bivalves that are peculiarly adapted to feed on terrigenous woody materials, even though they inhabit the deep-sea floor far from land. Previous studies of their metabolic processes suggested the importance of symbiotic microbes that secrete cellulase to access woody carbon (carbohydrates), and supply organic nitrogen via nitrogen fixation. Since nitrogen is generally depleted in woody materials, dissolved dinitrogen in seawater has been proposed as a plausible nitrogen source for wood-boring bivalves. We evaluated the food ecology of wood-boring bivalves (genus: Xyloredo) obtained from the deep seafloor off the Ryukyu Islands by considering their bulk carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope composition and potential dietary sources (i.e. logs, particulate organic matter, and surface sediments). We also investigated the trophic interactions between wood-boring bivalves and logs based on the amino acid nitrogen isotopic composition. The bulk isotope data revealed that in wood-boring bivalves these elements are derived mainly from the logs in which they live. These results were consistent with the trophic hierarchy calculated from the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids. Ecologically, wood-boring bivalves are one step higher than logs in terms of their trophic position. Based on these data, we propose that terrigenous woody materials are the major dietary sources for wood-boring bivalves and the same standard trophic interaction exists between diet and consumer species as in the grazing food web. The symbionts may aid the digestion of woody materials, but they do not supply nitrogen via nitrogen fixation in this case.
Relationships Between Beliefs about Medication, Seizure Control and Adherence to Antiepileptic Drugs Among People with Epilepsy

Objectives: To determine the relation between beliefs about medication, seizure control and non adherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in people with epilepsy (PWE) from rural northern Indian community. Methods: Three hundred and eighty five adult PWE were included in the present cross sectional study. Morisky–Green Test was applied for evaluation of adherence level and their beliefs towards usage of AEDs by utilizing Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ). Results: 58.8 % patients were reported non adherent to treatment on the Morisky Green scale. PWE belonging to lower socio economical class has high concern towards the negative effect of AEDs (r=0.200; p<0.001). Patients with lower adherence expressed strong doubts about the necessity of AEDs (r= -0.356; p< 0.01) and increase concern about the negative consequences of taking AEDs (r= -0.433; p< 0.01) as compared to adherent patients. PWE with increased concern has significantly high seizure recurrence (r=0.397; p<0.0001) while believing in necessity of medicines was associated with fewer seizures recurrence (r= -.156; p= .02). Conclusion: Attitude towards AEDs is closely related with adherence. PWE having high concern and low necessity towards AEDs were more non adherent and had poorly controlled seizures. To improve adherence a full and inclusive evaluation of modifiable factors should be made. Present challenge is to create effective interventions to address patients’ doubts about the need for treatment and concerns about adverse consequences in order to enhance adherence.
Molecular Cloning and GUS-aided Activity Analysis of Promoter Region Sequence of AtNCED2 Gene from Arabidopsis thaliana L.

Objective: To clone the promoter region sequence of AtNCED2 gene from Arabidopsis genome,and analyze its organ specificity and response to stimuli.Method: Genomic DNA was isolated and purified from Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana L.) plants through the SDS method.Based on the reported sequence in GenBank(accession No.AL161548) DNA database,a pair of specific primers were designed and synthesized to amplify the 5' flanking 2 295 bp sequence of AtNCED2 gene from Arabidopsis genome.The 2295-bp promoter region sequence of 5' upstream of initial codon of AtNCED2 gene was confirmed by BLASTn program of NCBI,and was put into the search engine of the database of plant cis-acting elements to search for cis-acting elements responsive to development signal and various environmental stimuli.The binary vector harboring the promoter sequence of AtNCED2 fused with GUS gene originated from pCAMBIA1301 was further constructed and introduced into wild type Arabidopsis through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.The resulting transgenic plants after hygromycin screening and PCR characterization were assayed for the GUS activity spatially.Result: Several important cis-acting elements,including TATA-box,CAAT-box,root organ-specific elements,ABA-responsive element(ABRE),low-temperature-responsive element(LTRE),and circadian-responsive element were existed in the promoter region sequence.GUS activity was dominantly localized in root tips and lateral root initiation sites of transgenic Arabidopsis.The GUS activity in exogenous ABA-treated roots of transgenic Arabidopsis was 174.8 nmol 4-MU min-1 mg-1 protein,significantly higher than that in control roots,which only reached 91.7 nmol 4-MU min-1 mg-1 protein.Conclusion: AtNCED2 gene may play an important role in root growth and development.The expression AtNCED2 gene in Arabidopsis roots was significantly increased by exogenous ABA application.
Processes of community assembly in an environmentally heterogeneous, high biodiversity region

Despite decades of study, the relative importance of niche-based versus neutral processes in community assembly remains largely ambiguous. Recent work suggests niche-based processes are more easily detectable at coarser spatial scales, while neutrality dominates at finer scales. Analyses of functional traits with multi-year multi-site biodiversity inventories may provide deeper insights into assembly processes and the effects of spatial scale. We examined associations between community composition, species functional traits, and environmental conditions for plant communities in the Kouga-Baviaanskloof region, an area within South Africa's Cape Floristic Region (CFR) containing high α and β diversity. This region contains strong climatic gradients and topographic heterogeneity, and is comprised of distinct vegetation classes with varying fire histories, making it an ideal location to assess the role of niche-based environmental filtering on community composition by examining how traits vary with environment. We combined functional trait measurements for over 300 species with observations from vegetation surveys carried out in 1991/1992 and repeated in 2011/2012. We applied redundancy analysis, quantile regression, and null model tests to examine trends in species turnover and functional traits along environmental gradients in space and through time. Functional trait values were weakly associated with most spatial environmental gradients and only showed trends with respect to vegetation class and time since fire. However, survey plots showed greater compositional and functional stability through time than expected based on null models. Taken together, we found clear evidence for functional distinctions between vegetation classes, suggesting strong environmental filtering at this scale, most likely driven by fire dynamics. In contrast, there was little evidence of filtering effects along environmental gradients within vegetation classes, suggesting that assembly processes are largely neutral at this scale, likely the result of very high functional redundancy among species in the regional species pool.
The Aberrant Expression of Lewis a Antigen in Intestinal Metaplastic Cells of Gastric Mucosa is Caused by Augmentation of Lewis Enzyme Expression

Immunohistochemical staining showed an aberrant expression of Lea antigen in the intestinal metaplastic glands of the gastric mucosa of secretors, as reported by others. In this study, we have demonstrated for the first time that the Lewis enzyme is well colocalized with Lea antigen, indicating that the Lewis enzyme is responsible for Lea antigen synthesis in the gastric mucosa. The staining intensity of the Lewis enzyme was much stronger in the cells with intestinal metaplasia than the cells without metaplasia, regardless of the secretor status. The amount of transcript of the Lewis gene was related to the degree of metaplasia; i.e., the more severe the metaplastic change was, the more abundantly the transcripts of the Lewis gene were expressed. This augmentation of the Lewis enzyme in metaplastic tissues was also confirmed by Western blotting analysis using a specific antibody against the Lewis enzyme. We conclude that intestinal metaplastic change of gastric mucosa is usually accompanied by a marked augmentation of the Lewis enzyme expression, which results in the enhanced expression of Lea antigens, particularly in secretors.
Effect of cerebral hypoxic ischemia on the synthesis of glucose transporter 1 and 3 in neonatal rats

Objective To explore the effect of cerebral hypoxic-ischemia(HI) on the synthesis of glucose transporter( GLUT)1 and 3. Methods Based on the successful preparation of hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat model, immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the synthesis of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in cerebral hippocampus and cortex in neonatal rats with HI. Results There was a linear enhancement in the synthesis of GLUT1 and GLUT3 with the increase of day age. The synthesis was predominant in hippocampus comparing to that in cortex in normal group. However, HI could significantly enhance the synthesis of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the early time after HI. The synthesis reached peak at 24 h after HI, and then declined, especially GLUT3 went down to a very low level at day 7 after HI. It was noticed that the synthesis was more in cortex than that in hippocampus in HI group. Conclusion It is suggested that the increased synthesis of GLUT1 and GLUT3 induced by HI could accelerate the utilization of glucose in the brain and adapt to the requirement of anaerobic glycolysis.
review on foliar sclereids in angiosperms

A review based on the data on foliar sclereids retrieved from earlier as well as recent publications has been prepared. An analysis of the account indicates that about 430 genera belonging to 110 families spread over 47 orders have foliar sclereids. The majority of taxa exhibit diffuse pattern of distribution of sclereids and terminal pattern has been recorded in 45 genera belonging to 25 families. Their morphogenic importance is also referred.
JUNCUS ACUTUS: GERMINATION AND INITIAL GROWTH IN PRESENCE OF HEAVY METALS

The effects of Pb(N03)2, CuS04 and CdCl, on the germination and initial growth of Juncus acutus L. (Juncaceae) were studied. The metal content of the seedlings was also measured. The concentrations used were: Pb(N03)2 from 0.97 to 3.90 x 10"5 M, and CuS04 or CdCl2 from 0.12 to 1.95 x 10~5 M. Germination was not affected by any of the tested met als, whereas the initial growth was strongly inhibited by Pb(N03)2 con centrations from 1.95 x 105 M upwards, and by CuS04 and CdCl2 con centrations from 0.12 X 10~5 M. The root was affected more than the shoot and failed to develop at all the tested concentrations of CuS04. J. acutus seedlings accumulated 55% to 98% of the metals present in the culture solution. The accumulation of cadmium in the seedlings was higher than that of lead and copper.
The donor properties of resources resistance against the exciter of wheat rust wheat

A collection of soft winter wheat specimens investigated on the artificial infectious background of the leaf rust pathogen and selected resistance among them. The genetics of resistance sign in varieties and specimens were determined by hybridological analysis of F2: Lovrin 32, KM 1485-6-8, VR 89 Bo 22, Beres, Tobarzo, 0-74-8-2, MIKM 1851-80, 4347-4, NS 326-99, 5517 A-5-5 Yr, Florida 302, VR 87 Bo 15, Matyo, NS 1308, 200-830, Polka, NS 2630/1, NS 18-30, HBE 0140-119, HBE 208-120, HBE 0303 156, HBE 0425-156, Tx91v4511, Tx92v4511, Plyska, Zernogradskaya 31, Volshebnitsa, Myronivska 40, Myronivska ostysta, Myronivska 28, Estet, Volynska napivintensivna, Kyivska 8, Expromt, Mironivska 29, Remeslivna, Garant, Selyanka, Erythrospermum 15761, Erythrospermum 12557, Erythrospermum 12735, Vympel odeskyiy during 1990–2018. The gene non-identity of the investigated donors was determined. In a variety of VR 89 Bo 22, 2 resistance genes, one of them Lr19, was investigated. The results of investigations of the composition of the leaf rust pathogen population by a series of isogenic lines and varieties of carriers of known effective resistance genes are presented. The high resistance against the leaf rust pathogen in the forest-steppe of Ukraine provide the genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr37, Lr42 + Lr24, Lr43 (Lr21 + Lr39) + Lr24, Lr9 + Lr26, Lr10 + Lr24.
Male sterility applications in Alliums.

The subgenus Allium section Allium includes economically important species such as onion (Allium cepa L.), leek (A. ampeloprasum var. porrum L.) and chives (A. schoenoprasum L.). These species have a biennial habit and many cultivars are open pollinated; and high levels of heterozygosity must be maintained. The Alliums’ umbel consists of a few, to hundreds of perfect flowers of per umbel. These flowers are too small to synthetic pollination studies due to the large-scale emasculation is not practical so the development of hybrid varieties is economically feasible using systems of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS). Male sterile plants, which haven’t got any fertile pollen, incapable of self-pollination so any seed produced must result from cross-pollination. Alliums hybrid production requires the development of male-sterile, maintainer and pollinator lines with good specific combination ability. This review outlines the using male sterility feature in hybrid breeding program for Alliums especially for onions.
Understanding population dynamics of feral horses in the Tuan and Toolara State Forest for successful long-term population management

The study of any wild animal’s home range requires the collection of spatiotemporal data, obtained independently of climatic conditions or time of day. This can be achieved by the attachment of Global Position System (GPS) data loggers, which, in large species, is best achieved by remote immobilisation. Feral horses (Equus caballus) usually occupy remote areas of Australia, however a considerable population increase has been observed in a close proximity to metropolitan areas of the Australian east coast, creating increasing conflict with human interests. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of remote chemical immobilisation of feral horses with medetomidine combined with tiletamine-zolazepam to facilitate placement of satellite GPS collars. Nine feral horses were darted from the ground with 60 mg of medetomidine and 1500 mg of tiletaminezolazepam. The effects of medetomidine were reversed with 50-100 mg of atipamezole 30-40 minutes post induction (IV/IM). Physiological variables monitored during anaesthesia were heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature and oxygen haemoglobin saturation (SpO2). All horses were successfully immobilised with between one and three darts (n = 9). The mean dose of medetomidine was 0.15 ± 0.01 mg kg (SEM) and tiletamine-zolazepam was 3.61 ± 0.16 mg kg. Mean time from darting to lateral recumbency was 13 ± 2.7 min, and mean recumbency time was 54 ± 13 min. Vital signs for all anaesthetised animals remained within normal range during anaesthesia, with the exception of one animal displaying a transient drop in SpO2. No mortalities were encountered. The combination of medetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam provided
(Effect Of Addition Of Cholin Chloride On Feed On Fat And Dry Materials Without Fat From Friesian Holstein Dairy Milk Cow)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of addition of choline chloride in feed on the production of milk fat and nonfat dry matter (BKTL) of dairy cattle. This study used 8 Friesian Holstein dairy cows at the 3rd and 4th lactation month with the second lactation period. The experimental design used was cross-over designs with 2 treatments (T0 and T1) 4 replications in 2 periods. The treatment of dry matter consumption, in the first period T0 = 13.29%, T1 = 14.12% and the second period T0 = 2.91%, T1 = 3.09%. This result does not have a significant effect on BK consumption. The results of the T0 and T1 treatments are known that the addition of choline chloride in feed as much as 30 g / head / day did not have a negative effect on the nonfat dry matter (BKTL) milk produced by the T1 treatment cow. Comparison of the treatment of non fat dry matter (BKTL) T0 = 8.85%, T1 = 9.00%. Based on the results of a variety of analyzes that have been done, it can be seen that there can be a significant difference (P <0.05%) in milk fat content that occurs in both treatments, with the average percentage increase in milk fat content of T0 is 3.75% and T1 is 4.11 %. The conclusion of the research is that the addition of choline chloride in feed as much as 30 g / head / day can increase fat content and has no effect on milk-free dry matter (BKTL).