Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Supplier Development, Relationship Variables and Market Orientation on Performance Improvement in the Indonesian Automotive Industry

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Ultrahigh-Data-Rate Communication and Efficient Wireless Power Transfer at 13.56 MHz

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has gained renewed interest due to emerging low-power applications and high efficiency. Coupled with power in many applications is the need for communication, whether for regulation of power transfer or for transfer of information between the source and the load. Several communication methods have been proposed for use with WPT, including adjacent channel communication (non-WPT), as well as WPT-based methods, such as load modulation and passive backscattering. However, approaches using the WPT link have historically been low-speed ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$</tex-math></inline-formula>400 kb/s). In this letter, we report on an ultrahigh data-rate (3.39 Mb/s) communication method that utilizes the WPT link for both power and data transfer, operating at 13.56 MHz, capable of 3.39 Mb/s data transfer with an efficiency reduction of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$</tex-math></inline-formula>2%.
Metronomic scheduling of trofosfamide chemotherapy in human NSCLC xenografts highly increases therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional scheduling by inhibition of angiogenesis.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 62 Studies by Browder et al. (Cancer Res 60, 1878, 2000) and others showed that a metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide on rodent tumors has high efficacy and might be due to anti-angiogenic effects. Trofosfamide (TRO), a cyclophosphamide derivative, is approved in Germany and shows response with a low toxicity profile as continuous, low dose oral treatment in lymphoma, breast cancer, NSCLC and soft tissue sarcoma. In this study the anti-tumor efficacy of TRO on a human NSCLC xenograft in a metronomic and in a conventional schedule was compared. The cytotoxicity of TRO on human endothelial and NSCLC cells was determined under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Further, proliferation by Ki67 staining and microvessel density (MVD) by anti–CD31 binding were studied in the xenografts. LX1 carcinoma was used for in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical cord veins (HUVEC). For both cell-lines the cytotoxicity of activated TRO (4OH–TRO) was determined with the crystalviolet-assay. The S-, G/G1- and G2/M-phase of the cells and the doubling time were analysed flow-cytometrically by 7-AAD staining and BrdU-incorporation. LX1 xenotransplanted nude mice were treated with TRO in a conventional schedule (176.4 mg/kg, day 1 and 15) and two metronomic schedules three times a week i.p. or continuously through the drinking water. The IC50 of activated TRO was 10.2 μmol/l (20% O2) and 15.5 μmol/l (1% O2) for LX1 and 2.3 μmol/l (20% O2) and 14.7 μmol/l (1 % O2) for HUVECs. On day 3 of incubation without TRO 40.1% (20% O2) and 24.8% (1% O2) of the tumor cells were in S-Phase, while the fraction of HUVECs was 21.3% (20% O2) and 16.3% (1% O2). The duration of the synthesis phase under normoxy was 10.4 hours for LX1 and 9.5 hours for HUVECs. In contrast to the rapid growth of the LX1 tumor under the conventional schedule, a long lasting tumor growth retardation over the total treatment period of 60 days was observed under the metronomic schedule. While the growth fraction of the tumor cells remained unchanged, the MVD was significantly reduced (50%). However, in the conventional therapy a tendency to an increased MVD before the next cycle of chemotherapy was observed. In conclusion, our results show that a metronomic schedule of TRO chemotherapy is superior to conventional therapy mainly by inhibition of angiogenesis. In-vitro data show that this mechanism works under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and suggest that this is particularly due to a direct cytotoxic effect on endothelial cells. These findings could have important clinical implications on chemotherapeutic scheduling.
Developing a Forest Management Plan (DFMP) for Gatsibo District in the Eastern Province of Rwanda

In support of conservation of its fragile land resource, the government of Rwanda has proposed the management of all forests in the country under a specific management plan. This assignment sought to develop a management plan for the public productive forests of Gatsibo District in Eastern province of Rwanda. Data was collected from 1468 plots, proportionally allocated by size to the 375 forest stands. Information about the forest (qualitative data) was recorded and then forest measurements (inventory) done in a concentric cycle of 9.77 m and 3.99 m radius and all data recorded in a digital format using the survey CTO platform. The data was summarized and analyzed in a harmonized forest management tool for Rwanda comprising of six interlinked excel files based on Rwanda’s silvicultural regimes and treatments. This analysis resulted to planning for silvicultural activities in each forest up to the year 2070. Results show that the public plantation forests of Gatsibo are poorly stocked mainly due to poor management and the best stocked forest had a basal area of only 13.3 m2/ha. This implied low forest volumes for each of the wood requirements; timber wood, service wood and energy wood. Eucalyptus forests are the most common but are poorly stocked compared to the Pinus patula forests which are even aged by plantation. A projection of stocks shows that the forests can be sustained with an average wood volume of 73 m3/ha, to provide harvests yearly and reduce the wood supply and demand gap in the district. A viability analysis indicates that some forests are viable for leasing with good profits in the short term (10 years) and full term planning (40 years). However, some forests may not be commercially viable due to their current stocks and agro bioclimatic conditions, and these would be rehabilitated for ecosystem services. This plan supports the restoration of the forests of Gatsibo district through provision of specific guidelines for the management of the forests.
Relationship of copeptin, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin, with change in total kidney volume and GFR decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: results from the CRISP cohort.

BACKGROUND Experimental studies indicate that arginine vasopressin (AVP) may have deleterious effects in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, the significance of AVP in human ADPKD is unclear. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal observational study with 8.5 (IQR, 7.7-9.0) years' follow-up (CRISP [Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of Polycystic Kidney Disease]). SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 241 patients with ADPKD with creatinine clearance >70 mL/min. PREDICTOR Plasma copeptin concentration, a surrogate marker for AVP. OUTCOMES Change in measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR, assessed by iothalamate clearance) and total kidney volume (measured by magnetic resonance imaging). MEASUREMENTS Baseline copeptin level, plasma and urinary osmolality, and measurements of total kidney volume and mGFR during follow-up. RESULTS In these patients (median age, 34 [IQR, 25-40] years; 38% men; median mGFR, 94 [IQR, 79-145] mL/min/1.73 m(2); median total kidney volume, 859 [IQR, 577-1,299] mL), median copeptin level was 2.9 (IQR, 1.8-5.1) pmol/L. Copeptin was not associated with plasma osmolality (P = 0.3), the physiologic stimulus for AVP release, but was associated significantly with change in total kidney volume during follow-up (P < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and diuretic use (P = 0.03). Copeptin level was associated borderline significantly with change in mGFR after adjusting for these variables (P = 0.09). LIMITATIONS No standardization of hydration status at time of copeptin measurement. CONCLUSIONS These data show that in ADPKD, copeptin level, as a marker for AVP, is not correlated with plasma osmolality. Most importantly, high copeptin levels are associated independently with disease progression in early ADPKD. This is in line with experimental studies that indicate a disease-promoting role for AVP.
Treatment options for alopecia: an update, looking to the future

Introduction: Hair loss is a very common complaint. The diagnosis is based on clinical, dermoscopic and pathological examination. The treatment is usually continuous and requires strong compliance. Areas covered: This article aims to i) summarize current treatment options for the most common forms of hair loss; ii) update the literature on treatment options to emerge over the 3 years since the release of the first edition of this article in 2009; and iii) outline future strategies for treating alopecia. Expert opinion: There is good evidence-based information for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. There are very few good-quality randomized studies, and no information about long-term results for most of the available treatments for alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias. Significant research success has been achieved over the past few years through i) discovering the genetic profile of alopecia areata; ii) working on follicular neogenesis in androgenetic alopecia; and iii) discovering the PPAR-γ pathway in scarring alopecia.
Electron Microscopy of Staphylococcus aureus Cells and Cell Walls After Treatment with Lysozyme Chalaropsis

Lysozyme Chalaropsis, a β-1,4-N,6-O-diacetylmuramidase, attacks the cell wall murein of Staphylococcus aureus H in a random manner. In hypertonic sucrose solutions, true protoplasts are produced and, in the process, mesosomal tubules are extruded into the medium.
Governance of Crown Financial Assets

This paper investigates the agency problems associated with the public management of a large financial asset portfolio. After considering the relevant theoretical and empirical literature, a set of institutional arrangements are presented that should reduce the extent of the potential agency problems faced. Key design features include: mechanisms for enhancing policy credibility; the use of existing market mechanisms and regulation where possible; and the creation of a public-sector institution to perform administrative functions. The paper does not consider the issues of optimal fiscal policy, or the appropriate risk tolerance for the Crown, although the conclusions drawn from this study may contribute to these debates.
Treatment options in the management of ovarian cancer

The standard regimen used as primary chemotherapy of ovarian cancer is combination chemotherapy using paclitaxel and carboplatin. The main objective of first-line chemotherapy is to induce complete response. Although most cases respond to the initial chemotherapy, many cases relapse within 3 years. Such relapsed and persistent cases become resistant to first-line chemotherapy and require second-line chemotherapy. Objectives of such a second-line chemotherapy are to obtain disease palliation to cease disease progression. Meanwhile, consolidation or maintenance chemotherapy may be added to prevent or inhibit disease relapse for patients with advanced disease after induction of complete remission by a primary chemotherapy. When the unresectable tumour is presumed by primary surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be selected. Recently, conventional cytotoxic anticancer drugs containing paclitaxel have been shown to be capable of inhibiting angiogenesis. The notion of ‘redefining’ chemotherapeutic drugs has been recognised; thus, continuous low-dose chemotherapy – so-called metronomic chemotherapy – has been approved as a new concept. Many new molecular-targeted therapies became available for clinical cancer therapy. The explosion of new molecular targets and the development and application of many powerful technologies should accelerate the discovery of innovative molecular therapeutics. Understanding the molecular mechanisms will help to clarify the pathways in ovarian cancer development and help to identify new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. These are exciting times for new drug development and the treatment of cancer. Cautious optimism should prevail for all investigators involved in translating these exciting new biological findings into new pharmacological agents for treatment of cancer.
The Environmental Perspectives of Apple Fruit Supply Chain Management in Chitral, Northern Pakistan

Abstract- With increasing population the demand for fresh fruits is on the rise in Pakistan. Because of perishing nature and short shelf life, fruits require proper and effective supply chain management (SCM) for securing them to be wasted. Fruits of Chitral, Northern Area of Pakistan face supply chain (SC) issues and challenges. The main purpose is to conduct a detailed insight of the present apple fruit SCM system in Chitral for identifying the related environmental perspective of apple. That small subsistence farming should be view as a business. As compare to the producers’ income with others intermediaries, (27% to 73%) it is significantly lower. Focus should be given that the distribution of the marketing margin across the players can be measured fairly. The anticipated research work is exploratory in nature using secondary data, undertakes a meticulous review of basic and up to date literature available and tried to explain the factors affect the supply chain of Apple Fruit sector in Chitral, Northern Area of Pakistan.
Red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and oxygen affinity

The ease with which haemoglobin releases oxygen to the tissues is controlled by erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) such that an increase in the concentration of 2,3-DPG decreases oxygen affinity and vice versa. This review article describes the synthesis and breakdown of 2,3-DPG in the Embden-Meyerof pathway in red cells and briefly explains the molecular basis for its effect on oxygen affinity. Interaction of the effects of pH, Pco2, temperature and 2,3-DPG on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve are discussed. The role of 2,3-DPG in the intraerythrocytic adaptation to various types of hypoxaemia is described. The increased oxygen affinity of blood stored in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution has been shown to be due to the decrease in the concentration of 2,3-DPG which occurs during storage. Methods of maintaining the concentration of 2,3-DPG in stored blood are described. The clinical implication of transfusion of elderly people, anaemic or pregnant patients with ACD stored blood to anaesthetically and surgically acceptable haemoglobin concentrations are discussed. Hypophosphataemia in association with parenteral feeding reduces 2,3-DPG concentration and so increases oxygen affinity. Since post-operative use of intravenous fluids such as dextrose or dextrose/saline also lead to hypophosphataemia, the addition of inorganic phosphorus to routine post-operative intravenous fluid may be advisable. Disorders of acid-base balance effect oxygen affinity not only by the direct effect of pH on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve but by its control of 2,3-DPG metabolism. Management of acid-base disorders and pre-operative aklalinization of patients with sickle cell disease whould take account of this. It is known that anaesthesia alters the position of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve, but it is thought that this is independent of any effects which anaesthetic agents may have on 2,3-DPG concentration. In vitro manipulation of 2,3-DPG concentration with steroids has already been carried out. Elucidation of the role of 2,3-DPG in the control of oxygen affinity may ultimately lead to iatrogenic manipulation of oxygen affinity in vivo.
Responsabilidade social corporativa no setor bancÃ¡rio: um estudo comparativo

Social responsibility, in the business context, is the focus of study and attention of companies in various fields of activity. This concern, which is necessary for the promotion of community development, is also a key element in the competitiveness issue among organizations, since it can determine the much sought-after differential in the consumer market. In this way, the present research seeks to know and analyze the main lines of action and directives of work in corporate social responsibility undertaken by companies of the banking sector, considering the actions developed by five banks. Through the analysis of banks' sustainability reports and the search for information in other sources of secondary material, it was observed that the social responsibility actions reside in five main axes of work, arranged in order of importance and volume of investments, namely: access to education; environmental risk management and waste control; support for culture and sport; ethics and corporate transparency and financial inclusion. Each one seeks to influence and produce impacts on different target groups, with the aim of stimulating the development and reduction of the most urgent social inequalities.
Virtual Reality Versus Computer-Aided Exposure Treatments for Fear of Flying

Evidence is growing that two modalities of computer-based exposure therapies—virtual reality and computer-aided psychotherapy—are effective in treating anxiety disorders, including fear of flying. However, they have not yet been directly compared. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of three computer-based exposure treatments for fear of flying: virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), computer-aided exposure with a therapist’s (CAE-T) assistance throughout exposure sessions, and self-administered computer-aided exposure (CAE-SA). A total of 60 participants with flying phobia were randomly assigned to VRET, CAE-T, or CAE-SA. Results indicate that the three interventions were effective in reducing fear of flying at posttreatment and at 1-year follow-up; furthermore, there were no significant differences between them in any of the outcome measure. Large within-group effect sizes were found for all three treatment conditions at both posttreatment and at follow-up. The results suggest that therapist involvement might be minimized during computer-based treatments and that CAE can be as effective as VRET in reducing fear of flying.
Anesthesia for pediatric lithotripsy

Background: We describe 7 years experience of providing anesthesia for children undergoing lithotripsy in a hospital without pediatric inpatient facilities. A pediatric team, including anesthetist, pediatric nurse along with the equipment travel across the city with the patient from the children's hospital. As a high incidence of postoperative vomiting and discomfort was observed, the effect of increasing intraoperative analgesia and the use of antiemetic medication was examined.
Exponential Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna With Exponential Dielectric Lens

The expansion of wireless technologies poses various requirements such as stable radiation characteristics in a wide frequency range. This letter presents an exponential antipodal Vivaldi antenna with a dielectric lens replacing part of the substrate in antenna aperture, with dimensions of 76 × 130 mm2. The shape of the lens also follows exponential structure in its inner (where lens meets the antenna substrate) and outer edges. Using a dielectric with higher constant in the proposed antenna provides 1 dB improvement in antenna gain and 24% of 3-dB beamwidth reduction.
Designing adaptive learning support through machine learning techniques

The use of web 2.0 technologies in web based learning systems has made learning more learner-centered. In a learner centered environment, there is need to provide appropriate support to learners based on individual learner characteristics in order to maximize learning. This requires a Web-based learning system to have an adaptive interface to suit individual learner characteristics in order to accommodate diversity of learner needs and abilities and to maintain an appropriate context for interaction and for achieving personalized learning. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how machine learning techniques can provide adaptive learning support in a Web-based learning system. In this research, two machine learning algorithms namely: Heterogeneous Value Difference Metric (HVDM) and Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) were used. HVDM was used to determine those learners who were similar to the current learner while NBC was used to estimate the likelihood that the learner would need to use additional materials for the current concept. To demonstrate the concept we used a course in object oriented programming (OOP).
DNA REPAIR AND MUTAGENESIS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS *, †

Abstract— Mutations may result from imperfect DNA replication, unrepaired DNA damage, and errorprone DNA repair. DNA damage may induce any or all of these effects. Numerous physical and chemical agents damage DNA, and the repair of such damage may be either incomplete, error‐free, or error‐prone. It is assumed that correctly repaired DNA damage has no deleterious biological consequence. Unrepaired or misrepaired DNA damage has been related to such physiological changes as cell death, division suppression, gene repression and derepression, altered transcription, elevated cAMP levels, predisposition of the cell to viral transformation, decreased cellular respiration, and mutation. Defective DNA repair has been linked in man to cancer, birth defects, arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, aging, and neurological dysfunction. Various clinical syndromes including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Fanconi's anemia (FA), progeria, actinic keratosis (AK), and possibly Cockayne syndrome (CS) have been described as being defective in at least one of the various forms of DNA repair.