Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Does the Implementation of the Proxy Pattern in Python Affect Flexibility as Measured by DAM, MOA, NOP and DCC?

This paper compares two implementations that each contains two proxy patterns, one in C++ and one in Python. This is done to investigate how the implementation in Python affects flexibility, as measured by the software metrics DAM, MOA, NOP and DCC. The implementation in Python used duck typing instead of a common interface. The result indicates that the implementation in Python increase flexibility, one big factor to this is the use of duck typing. But that there are some threats to validity and the paper suggests that there is a need for further investigation, especially with a larger code base.
Do You Get What You Pay For? Comparing The Privacy Behaviors of Free vs. Paid Apps-Submitted to FTC PrivacyCon2019

It is commonly assumed that the availability of “free” mobile apps comes at the cost of consumer privacy, and that paying for apps could offer consumers protection from behavioral advertising and long-term tracking. This work empirically evaluates the validity of this assumption by investigating the degree to which “free” apps and their paid premium versions differ in their bundled code, their declared permissions, and their data collection behaviors and privacy practices. We compare pairs of free and paid apps using a combination of static and dynamic analysis. We also examine the differences in the privacy policies within pairs. We rely on static analysis to determine the requested permissions and third-party SDKs in each app; we use dynamic analysis to detect sensitive data collected by remote services at the network traffc level; and we compare text versions of privacy policies to identify differences in the disclosure of data collection behaviors. In total, we analyzed 1,505 pairs of free Android apps and their paid counterparts, with free apps randomly drawn from the Google Play Store’s category-level top charts. Our results show that over our corpus of free and paid pairs, there is no clear evidence that paying for an app will guarantee protection from extensive data collection. Specifcally, 48% of the paid versions reused all of the same third-party libraries as their free versions, while 56% of the paid versions inherited all of the free versions’ Android permissions to access sensitive device resources (when considering free apps that include at least one third-party library and request at least one Android permission). Additionally, our dynamic analysis reveals that 38% of the paid apps exhibit all of the same data collection and transmission behaviors as their free counterparts. Our exploration of privacy policies reveals that only 45% of the pairs provide a privacy policy of some sort, and less than 1% of the pairs overall have policies that differ between free and paid versions.
Research on Decision-Making Behavior of Discretionary Lane-Changing Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory

In this paper, the decision-making model of discretionary lane-changing is established using cumulative prospect theory (CPT). Through analyzing the vehicles’ dynamic running states, safety spacing calculating approaches for discretionary lane-changing and lane-keeping have been put forward firstly. Then, based on CPT, a lane-changing decision model with accelerating space as its utility is proposed by estimating the difference between actual spacings and the safety spacings for discretionary lane-changing as well as lane-keeping. In order to calculate the utility of discretionary lane-changing, dynamic reference points and a parameter representing driver’s risk preference are introduced into the model. With the real data collected from an urban expressway, the distribution of discretionary lane-changing duration is analyzed, and the model parameters are also calibrated. Furthermore, the applicability of the model is evaluated by comparing with the actual observation and random unity model. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the model is carried out, that is, assessing the influence degree of each variable on the decision result. The study reveals that the CPT-based model can describe discretionary lane-changing behavior more accurately, which consider drivers’ risk-aversion during decision-making.
Multiple Partitioning of Multiplex Signed Networks

In a signed graph, each link is associated to a sign, which can be either positive (+) or negative (−). This type of graph can be used to model any system containing two types of antithetical relationships (like/dislike, for/against, similar/different.). A signed graph is considered structurally balanced if it can be partitioned into two or more clusters, such that positive links are located inside the clusters, and negatives ones are in-between them. However, it is very rare for a real-world network to have a perfectly balanced structure : the question is how to quantify its imbalance. Various measures have been defined for this purpose, the simplest consisting in counting the numbers of misplaced links, i.e. negative ones located inside the groups, and positive ones located between them. Such measures are expressed relatively to a graph partition, so processing the graph balance amounts to identifying the partition corresponding to the lowest imbalance measure. In other words, calculating the graph balance can be formulated as an graph optimization problem. Our goal is to use this paradigm to study the roll-call voting activity of the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) by bringing together three different disciplines : Operations Research, Social Science and Data Science. In this work, we want not only to detect groups of MEPs which would be cohesive in terms of votes, but also to identify the different characteristic voting patterns of the European Parliament (EP), i.e. the characteristic ways in which the MEP set is partitioned by these votes.
On Modelling Uncertainty in Neural Language Generation for Policy Optimisation in Voice-Triggered Dialog Assistants

While much effort has gone into user-modelling in the context of simulation for dialog policy training through reinforcement-learning (RL), the majority of this research has focused on matching user behaviour, with relatively little work dedicated to accurately replicating system uncertainty (system-error modelling) [14, 5]. In our opinion, this is unfortunate, as a primary benefit of the trained dialog policy is the ability to generate an appropriate user-prompt when the system is uncertain of the user’s true goal, hopefully salvaging a chance at user-task completion [11, 21]. In this paper we describe and compare a set of existing and novel mechanisms for simulating voice-triggered dialog system uncertainty, in the context of turn-level neural language generation. We produce measures of divergence from the errors observed in the production system, suggest current best-practice, and propose directions for future investigation.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO TRACK PUBLIC EMOTIONS RELATED TO EPIDEMICS IN MULTILINGUAL DATA

Emergence of new epidemic and re-appearance of older diseases causes great impact towards public health. Surveys based techniques which are costly and time-consuming are the most popular methods to measure information related to public health and used in decision making. Early monitoring of these epidemics helps in rapid decision making. Social media platforms provide rich source of information related to public health in forms of blogs, tweets, public posts etc., but these data is in unstructured form contains multiple languages words. This research focused on developing an automatic system for detecting public emotions related to epidemics in multilingual unstructured data to gain deeper understanding of public emotions and health related information. This approach gives timely information related to epidemics, corresponding symptoms, prevention techniques and awareness, which can help government and health agencies for rapid decision making. Experimental analysis of data set provides results that significantly beat the baseline term counting methods used for sentiment analysis.
Perceptions of local communities on the benefits of tourism in the protected areas

Tourism is indeed now playing a greater role than ever before in terms of job creation, empowerment and economic growth, both on the global stage and in South Africa. In 2011, the tourism sector worldwide supported 258 million direct, indirect and induced employment opportunities. The main aim of the current study was to analyse the local communities’ perceptions of the benefits of tourism in the protected areas concerned. The analysis was approached on the basis of surveying the local communities. The quantitative approach adopted as the chosen research method ensured that the required descriptive statistics could be derived from the research material available. A non-probability sampling approach was used to collect the data involved. The study was conducted in two villages, Ka-Mhinga and Ka-Matiani, adjacent to the Kruger National Park. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the communities from the two villages receive minimal benefits from tourism. Some of the residents noted that they were not in receipt of what they had been promised when the Kruger National Park opened. The participants from the abovementioned villages agreed that the locals were not employed in the protected area, and that the tourism goods which were sold at the Punda Maria information centre were not produced by the local residents, as well as that the Park’s management were influenced by nepotism in their employment of workers. The study concluded that community residents of Ka-Mhinga and Ka-Matiani should form part of the tourism management so as to improve the level of benefits obtained from tourism, which would enable them to enjoy the benefits of the Kruger National Park. Despite the study revealing the benefits of tourism gleaned by the two villages, engaging in an increased number of initiatives is likely to elicit even more benefits, with all the investors participating in the operation, execution, monitoring, and management of tourism activities as a form of collaboration.
Nonlinear Response, Semi-classical Percolation and Breakdown in the RRTN Model

In this chapter, we address the issue of nonlinearity of response functions of disordered, granular composite materials and more specifically, an extension of the classical percolation (a classical insulator to metal phase transition; concisely reviewed by the author of the first chapter) problem to a situation where the contributions of nonclassical or non-diffusive processes cannot be neglected. In the paradigm of charge transport in electrical composites, this implies that the charge carriers travel not only inside metallic phases or grains but also outside of it; e.g., in the microscopic gap between two such grains using some externally assisted hopping over the barrier potential due to the gap. The assistance may be due to the phonons (ambient thermal bath), impressed electrical and/or chemical potential differences, etc. As such, these processes are known to bring forth nonlinearity in the response functions of the macroscopic system. Further, if the imminent phase transition as a function of the external driving field gives rise to a hazardous failure of some sort (usually irreversible), we are faced with a generalised breakdown phenomenon. In the paradigm of electrical phenomena, if it is the failure of a dielectric/insulator to stop charges from flowing, one observes a spark discharge (e.g. lightning in nature) and the phenomenon is called a dielectric breakdown. If, on the other hand, the failure is due to the transformation of a good metal into an insulator due to a very high current, then it is called a fuse or simply electrical breakdown. Classical (or, Zener) breakdown has been concisely reviewed and a fully microscopic theory of quantum (or, Landau-Zener) breakdown have been presented in the later two chapters of this book. We discuss some aspects of reversible, semi-classical breakdown as well, later in this chapter.
MODELING AND RENDERING FOR VIRTUAL DROPPING SOUND BASED ON PHYSICAL MODEL OF RIGID BODY

Sound production by means of a physical model for falling objects, which is intended for audio synthesis of immersive contents, is described here. Our approach is a mathematical model to synthesize sound and audio for animation with rigid body simulation. To consider various conditions, a collision model of an object was introduced for vibration and propagation simulation. The generated sound was evaluated by comparing the model output with real sound using numerical criteria and psychoacoustic analysis. Experiments were performed for a variety of objects and floor surfaces, approximately 90% of which were similar to real scenarios. The usefulness of the physical model for audio synthesis in virtual reality was represented in terms of breadth and quality of sound.
Autoencoding Neural Networks as Musical Audio Synthesizers

A method for musical audio synthesis using autoencoding neural networks is proposed. The autoencoder is trained to compress and reconstruct magnitude short-time Fourier transform frames. The autoencoder produces a spectrogram by activating its smallest hidden layer, and a phase response is calculated using real-time phase gradient heap integration. Taking an inverse short-time Fourier transform produces the audio signal. Our algorithm is light-weight when compared to current state-of-the-art audio-producing machine learning algorithms. We outline our design process, produce metrics, and detail an open-source Python implementation of our model.
INVESTIGATING PUSH AND PULL FACTORS OF TOURISTS VISITING BALI AS A WORLD TOURISM DESTINATION

This research investigates tourists’ motivations visiting Bali – a world tourism destination which specifically explored from the push and pull factors of the tourists spending their holidays on the island.The data were collected from surveys conducted in five regencies: Badung, Tabanan, Buleleng, Karangasem and Gianyar and Denpasar city. The surveys involved 127 English speaking tourists who were selected through purposive random sampling in which all respondents understand English to fill in the questionnaires and had just visited the selected tourism objects to assure they have experiences visiting the sites. The study finds that the tourists visiting Bali were due to push and pull motivations in which the intention to escape from daily routine and to engage with local cultures are the two most significant reasons for push factors; meanwhile, the richness of Bali on natural and cultural resources which attracted them to travel to Bali which serve as pull factors.
Stochastic Differential Equations, Sixth Edition Solution of Exercise Problems

This is a solution manual for the SDE book by Øksendal, Stochastic Differential Equations, Sixth Edition. It is complementary to the books own solution, and can be downloaded at www.math.fsu.edu/z̃eng. If you have any comments or find any typos/errors, please email me at yz44@cornell.edu. This version omits the problems from the chapters on applications, namely, Chapter 6, 10, 11 and 12. I hope I will find time at some point to work out these problems.
The Interaction of Wildfire Risk Mitigation Policies in the Presence of Spatial Externalities and Heterogeneous Landowners

The dramatic increase in the number of uncontrollable wildfires in the United States has become an important policy issue as they threaten valuable forests and human property. The derived stochastic dynamic model of this study is capable of determining optimal fuel treatment timing and level simultaneously and as a function of fire risk and fuel biomass dynamics. This study develops a stochastic dynamic model to evaluate the interaction of fuel treatment decisions for two adjacent landowners under various scenarios of misinformation about fire occurrence and spread. Findings indicate that a landowner tends to free ride on fuel treatment undertaken by his adjacent landowner. However, the study finds that the free riding potential of a landowner could be alleviated to some extent by having a neighboring landowner who is aware of fire spillover effects. In addition, the study reveals that the social cost resultant from free riding behavior is lower that the social cost associated with complete absence of fire externality awareness for both landowners. These findings imply that governments could introduce more effective educational programs to ensure that all landowners are fully aware of cross-parcel benefits of fuel treatment in order to align socially and privately optimal decisions, thus minimizing externality costs.
The Influence of Job Satisfaction on Employee Turnover Intention in the Manufacturing Industry of Malaysia

The main objective of this research is to study the influence of job satisfaction on employee turnover intention in the manufacturing industry of Malaysia. The research objectives are divided into two which includes to examine the relationship between the factors of job satisfaction and employee turnover intention, which factor of job satisfaction contribute most to employee turnover intention. Basically, this research is an inferential research design, descriptive research design and correlation research design. The respondents are those in the management level that works in the manufacturing industry in. The collected data was analysed by adopting mean scores, Pearson’s r correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that there is a negative relationship between career development, supervision and employee turnover intention. The results also indicated that the overall level of job satisfaction is high and career development is the factor that contributes most to employee turnover intention.
Terrain height estimation in global frame with a mobile mapping platform

of the master’s thesis Author Eero Santamala Title Terrain height estimation in global frame with a mobile mapping platform Degree programme Automation and electrical engineering Major Control, robotics and autonomous systems Code of major ELEC3025 Supervisor Prof. Ville Kyrki Advisor D.Sc. (Tech.) Tapio Taipalus Date 23.9. 2019 Number of pages 52 Language English
Modeling Dynamic Policyholder Behavior through Machine Learning Techniques

In this paper, we focus our attention on the most relevant non-market risk in insurance, that is, lapse risk. It is basically linked to the behavior of policyholders facing various situations such as aging, actual economic condition, contract features, and so on. At the same time, policyholder’s retention directly impacts the profitability of the product itself, thus the profitability of the company as a whole. Through the first part of our analysis, we will recognize some relevant lapse risk factors from a specific dataset including a number of explanatory variables. More importantly, the predictive results from the traditional logistic regression will be compared to those of a bagging classification tree, in order to select the most powerful model. Furthermore, the goal of the second part of the analysis is the valuation of the impact on the profitability of a specific insurance product based on the predicted lapse rates. We will observe how significant the policyholder behavior can be as soon as it is introduced within the profit valuation in a dynamic fashion.
Employee Engagement on Employee Relations with Supervisor and Employee Performance Relationship in Developing Economy: Critical Analysis with PLS- SEM

Performance of employee brings organization’s achievements in the business world where rivalry among the organizations is very common. In this connection, the academicians and practitioners do struggle to reach a conclusion about the determinants of employee performance. As a result, the study endeavors to develop a structural equation model with the help of PLS technique in determining the relationship among employee relations with supervisor, employee engagement, and employee performance in the context of developing country. The opinions of 392 employees have been collected through survey method who works in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh. The findings of the study revealed that employee relations with supervisor have influence on employee performance and employee engagement; and employee engagement mediates employee relations and employee performance relationship. Therefore, the model is expected to be used in the developing context as a method for increasing employee performance.
HARD REAL-TIME ONSET DETECTION OF PERCUSSIVE SOUNDS

To date, the most successful onset detectors are those based on frequency representation of the signal. However, for such methods the time between the physical onset and the reported one is unpredictable and may largely vary according to the type of sound being analyzed. Such variability and unpredictability of spectrum-based onset detectors may not be convenient in some real-time applications. This paper proposes a real-time method to improve the temporal accuracy of state-of-the-art onset detectors. The method is grounded on the theory of hard real-time operating systems where the result of a task must be reported at a certain deadline. It consists of the combination of a time-base technique (which has a high degree of accuracy in detecting the physical onset time but is more prone to false positives and false negatives) with a spectrum-based technique (which has a high detection accuracy but a low temporal accuracy). The developed hard real-time onset detector was tested on a dataset of single non-pitched percussive sounds using the high frequency content detector as spectral technique. Experimental validation showed that the proposed approach was effective in better retrieving the physical onset time of about 50% of the hits detected by the spectral technique, with an average improvement of about 3 ms and maximum one of about 12 ms. The results also revealed that the use of a longer deadline may capture better the variability of the spectral technique, but at the cost of a bigger latency.
In-law Resources and Distribution Within Marriage

There has been increased attention in recent years to decision-making within the context of multi-member households in which individual members differ in their preferences. Two implications of various alternative specifications of the non-unitary household framework that highlight optimization by individuals have received particular attention and have important implications for the design and consequences of programs that seek to influence resource allocations via income transfers. The first is that the distribution of resources within the household may depend on who in the household receives income transfers. Recent changes in family welfare rules in England, which mandated a shift in the payments of family allowances to married couples from husbands to wives, is an example of a social policy attentive to the proposition that households engage in non-unitary decision-making (Lundberg, Pollak and Wales (1997)).
RESITANCE IN THE PAST AND IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH

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