Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Governance Mechanisms Framework for Multisourcing in Business Groups

Implementing multisourcing in business groups is challenging, and linear-extension of dyadic information technology (IT) outsourcing literature is insufficient to cope with multisourcing specifics. By pursuing design science research (DSR) as the research orientation and utilizing expert interviews, action research and case studies as individual research methods, the authors propose a multisourcing maturity model as an IT governance mechanism. This article contributes in four areas: first, it derives requirements for IT governance mechanisms intended to support the implementation of multisourcing in business groups; second, it identifies the research gap by analyzing current concepts; third, it develops a maturity model; and fourth, it demonstrates the ap­plication of the model with two real-life case examples of leading financial services providers. Moreover, the maturity model provides practical guidance for coping with the challenges of implementing multisourcing by identifying the required capabilities, illustrates a desired evolution path to effectively and efficiently utilize multisourcing, and can be employed for steering multisourcing in business groups.
A multi-mode multi-band power amplifier for quad-band GSM, dual-band TD-SCDMA, and TDD LTE band 39 cellular applications

A novel multi-band multi-mode (MMMB) power amplifier (PA) structure for GSM/TD-SCDMA/LTE cellular applications, is presented. For good harmonic suppression and high integration density performance, a Class-E PA and linear PA cores are employed with only two output paths for low band (LB) and high band (HB), respectively. The selections of modes (2G/2.5G/3G/4G) and working condition of each PA core are controlled by a commercial CMOS controller. The selection of output paths are controlled by a low-loss radio frequency switch (RFSW) within a directional coupler for good linearity and efficiency. To demonstrate the feasibility of the concept, the PA was tested under a series of discrete frequency points and generated an output power of 33.5 dBm with a PAE of better than 35% and 33.1 dBm with a PAE of better than 31% for low band and high band, respectively. When applied GMSK/EDGE, QPSK TD-SCDMA and 10MHz QPSK TD-LTE input signals, good ACPR performance are obtained with output power of 27.2, 26.5 and 25 dBm respectively.
Control of chaotic magnetic fields in tokamaks

Chaotic magnetic field lines play an important role in plasma confinement by tokamaks. They can either be generated in the plasma as a result of natural instabilities or artifficially produced by external conductors, like resonant helical windings and ergodic magnetic limiters. This is a review of works carried out at the Universidade de Sao Paulo and Universidade Federal do Parana on theoretical and experimental aspects of generation and control of chaotic magnetic field lines in tokamaks.
Absence of Epstein-Barr virus in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Aim—To identify the possible role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in Chinese patients, in the pathogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods—Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissues from 74 cases of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (28 with well differentiated, 27 with moderately differentiated and 18 with poorly differentiated carcinomas) were analysed for EBV using in situ hybridisation for EBV encoded small RNAs. Results—EBV was detected in only a few lymphocytes adjacent to the tumour epithelia in 14 (19%) cases of oesophageal carcinoma. The adjacent, non-pathological oesophageal tissue was EBV negative. Conclusions—EBV does not play a major role in the aetiology of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) inactivation of adenovirus

Aims: Adenovirus contamination can be problematic in various settings including life science laboratories and during pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Stringent and effective decontamination procedures are necessary to minimize the risk of personnel exposure or product cross‐contamination in these settings. Hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) is sporicidal, tuberculocidal and fungicidal with proven efficacy against some viruses. We investigate the efficacy of HPV for the inactivation of a recombinant adenovirus.
Biotransformation of topotecan in the isolated perfused rat liver: identification of three novel metabolites.

This study evaluates the metabolism of the anticancer drug topotecan (TPT) in the isolated perfused rat liver of male Wistar-rats. Using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method, in bile TPT, its ring-opened hydroxycarboxylate form and three new metabolites could be quantified. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the metabolites with beta-glucuronidase and mass spectroscopy revealed the existence of glucuronidated TPT as well as unconjugated and glucuronidated bidesmethyl TPT. Biliary secretion of glucuronidated N-bidesmethyl TPT was fast reaching a maximum already after 15 min(30.6 +/- 15.1 pmol/g liver.min), whereas secretion of TPT, topotecan glucuronide and N-bidesmethyl TPT was delayed (maximum at 30 min: 431 +/- 19, 6.4 +/- 2.1 and 12.7 +/- 2.7 pmol/g liver.min, respectively). No release of TPT metabolites into the perfusate was detected. The amount of TPT, TPT glucuronide, N-bidesmethyl TPT and N-bidesmethyl TPT glucuronide excreted into bile during 60 min of perfusion was 2.10 +/- 0.483%, 0.031 +/- 0.006%, 0.058 +/- 0.013% and 0.108 +/- 0.012% of TPT cleared from the perfusate over 60 min, respectively. In conclusion we could identify three novel TPT metabolites, however, their overall metabolism in the rat liver is low.
Comparative study of laparoscopic and mini‐incision open donor nephrectomy: have we heard the last word in the debate?

Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is generally considered a better option than open donor nephrectomy (ODN) as it is associated with better cosmesis, less post‐operative pain and faster recovery. Mini‐incision donor nephrectomy (MDN) has proven to be an effective and less invasive modification of classic ODN. Our aim was to compare the peri‐operative outcomes and quality of life of donors following laparoscopic and mini‐incision ODN.
Acute Otitis Media Guidelines, Antibiotic Use, and Shared Medical Decision-Making

Acute otitis media (AOM) continues to be the most common reason practitioners prescribe antibiotics for children.1 Concern over emerging resistance of the common pathogens that cause AOM has led to efforts for more judicious use of antibiotics by being more careful in making the diagnosis, selecting narrow-spectrum antibiotics, and using analgesics instead of antibiotics unless the infection fails to clear on its own.2,3 In 2004, the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American Academy of Pediatrics jointly issued guidelines with criteria for making the diagnosis, endorsing an observation option for those without severe disease, and advocating more aggressive pain management.4 With their study in this month's issue of Pediatrics , Coco et al5 report on how the guidelines have altered physicians' prescribing habits when treating AOM. In their insightful examination of the enormous National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database, the authors demonstrate that the use of analgesics and the narrow-spectrum antibiotic amoxicillin by pediatricians has increased. This is noteworthy, because guidelines historically have had little impact on physician behavior.6 In addition, those who reported not using an antibiotic initially showed a short-lived rise in frequency, but there was ultimately no significant difference by the end of the study period. In an earlier study, Halasa et al7 examined the NAMCS and National … Address correspondence to Robert M. Siegel, MD, Cincinnati Children's, Department of Pediatrics, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: bob.siegel{at}cchmc.org
Photoinactivation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport under Anaerobic and Aerobic Conditions in Isolated Thylakoids of Spinach

Abstract The effect of exposure to strong white light on photosynthetic electron transport reactions of PS I and PS II were investigated in spinach thylakoids in the absence or presence of oxygen. Irrespective of the conditions used for photoinactivation, the damage to PS II was always much more than to PS I. Photoinactivation was severe under anaerobic conditions compared to that in air for the same duration. This shows that the presence of oxygen is required for prevention of photoinactivation of thylakoids. The susceptibility of water-splitting complex in photoinactivation is indicated by our data from experiments with chloride-deficient chloroplast membranes wherein it was observed that the whole chain electron transport from DPC to MV was much less photoinhibited than that from water. The data from the photoinactivation experiments with the Tris-treated thylakoids indicate another photodam age site at or near reaction centre of PS II. DCMU-protected PS II and oxygen-evolving complex from photoinactivation. DCMU protection can also be interpreted in terms of the stability of the PS II complex when it is in S2 state.
Immunodetection of Tau microtubule-associated protein in human sperm and testis

primary antibody was omitted. The slides were observed, and images were acquired with a confocal LSM710 microscope and an Axioplan microscope (both from Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany). Tau immunostaining was detected in all smeared spermatozoa (Figure 1a). The Tau protein was located in the sperm midpiece. In testicular tissue, Tau immunoreactivity was observed in both spermatocytes and spermatids (Figure 1b). In spermatocytes, cytoplasmic f luorescent dots were located all around the nucleus (Figure 1c). In elongated spermatids, the immunolabeled zone was situated behind the nucleus (Figure 1d). No staining was observed in spermatozoa or in tissue sections of control samples lacking primary antibody (Figure 1e and 1f). Over the last decades, few researchers have studied the presence of Tau protein in the reproductive tract. Two eminent, early studies reported the presence of Tau protein in the rodent and bovine testis.4,5 In human germ cells and spermatozoa, Tau may be involved in the regulation of microtubule proteins. The spermatozoon’s main microtubule-organizing centre is the centrosome complex. It has a role in sperm and zygote aster formation, and the development of the bipolar mitotic apparatus.7 Dysfunction of the centrosome complex will result in developmental abnormalities after fertilization. The epithelium of seminiferous tubules has a vast network of microtubules (particularly within the manchette, the axoneme, and the mitotic and meiotic spindles of germ cells). 8 The presence of Tau in human testicular tissue suggests that this protein has a role in meiotic division in male germ cells and during their extension to spermatozoa. As has been suggested in the context of tauopathies,9 the aggregation, hyperphosphorylation and/or ubiquination of Tau might impair sperm microtubule function and transport. In summary, this study reports the immunoexpression of Tau microtubule-associated protein in human sperm and testis. We hypothesize that Tau is involved in the development of sperm in a man and thus may represent an additional parameter for sperm function in male fertility.
Are Training Programs More Effective When Unemployment Is High?

We estimate short‐run, medium‐run, and long‐run individual labor market effects of training programs for the unemployed by following program participation on a monthly basis over a 10‐year period. Since analyzing the effectiveness of training over such a long period is impossible with experimental data, we use an administrative database compiled for evaluating German training programs. Based on matching estimation adapted to address the various issues that arise in this particular context, we find a clear positive relation between the effectiveness of the programs and the unemployment rate over time.
Tirando o chapéu à Wikipédia: A coleção do Págico e o Cartola

Este artigo apresenta a colecao do Pagico, ou seja, a colecao subjacente ao Pagico, e o pacote de recursos do Pagico, o Cartola, que inclui a propria colecao. O artigo da particular destaque a construcao da colecao do Pagico, uma colecao de documentos da Wikipedia portuguesa. Esta colecao foi criada com o objetivo de garantir (i) igualdade no recurso usado por todos os participantes, (ii) homogeneidade nas respostas e (iii) semi-automatizacao na avaliacao das respostas. Em primeiro lugar, sera justificada a necessidade da criacao deste recurso. Posteriormente, serao apresentadas as alternativas existentes para a sua criacao, qual a escolhida, e quais os problemas encontrados. Alem disso, o artigo caracteriza, segundo varias vertentes, a colecao do Pagico bem como uma subcolecao desta, correspondente ao monte do Pagico. O monte do Pagico, tambem incluido no Cartola, inclui todas as respostas e justificacoes distintas encontradas pelos criadores de topicos e pelos participantes.
Patent profile and corporate performance: Moderation of technological attractiveness

Intangible assets are more difficult to imitate than tangible assets, so competitive advantages are less obtained from the allocation of tangible assets, and more from intangible assets according to resource-based view (RBV). Patents, one of intangible assets, are important for corporate performance. This study explores the influences of the three aspects of patent profile - R&D capability, the degree of leading, concentration of resource investment in a firm's most important technological field - upon its performance and discusses the moderation effect of technological attractiveness of the most important technological field. The results indicate that companies should enhance their R&D capabilities, the degree of leading, and concentration of R&D investment in their most important technological fields to increase their performance. Besides, this study demonstrates that the more technological attractiveness of a firm's most important technological field, the more is the extent of the positive relationship between corporate performance and patent profile.
The Importance of ATP Binding and Hydrolysis by Hsp90 in Formation and Function of Protein Heterocomplexes*

The chaperone hsp90 is capable of binding and hydrolyzing ATP. Using information on a related ATPase, DNA gyrase B, we selected three conserved residues in hsp90’s ATP-binding domain for mutation. Two of these mutations eliminate nucleotide binding, while the third retains nucleotide binding but is apparently deficient in ATP hydrolysis. We first analyzed how these mutations affect hsp90’s binding to the co-chaperones p23 and Hop, and to the hydrophobic resin, phenyl-Sepharose. These experiments showed that ATP’s effects, specifically, increased affinity for p23 and decreased affinity for Hop and phenyl-Sepharose, are brought on by ATP binding alone. We also tested the ability of hsp90 mutants to assist hsp70, hsp40, and Hop in the refolding of denatured firefly luciferase. While hsp90 is capable of participating in this process in a nucleotide-independent manner, the ability to hydrolyze ATP markedly potentiates hsp90’s effect. Finally, we assembled progesterone receptor heterocomplexes with hsp70, hsp40, Hop, p23, and wild type or mutant hsp90. While neither ATP binding nor hydrolysis was necessary to bind hsp90 to the receptor, mature complexes containing p23 and capable of hormone binding were only obtained with wild type hsp90.
Development of Competence of Haemophilus influenzae

Spencer, Hugh T. (The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md.), and Roger M. Herriott. Development of competence of Haemophilus influenzae. J. Bacteriol. 90:911–920. 1965. —A chemically defined nongrowth medium was developed for the induction of competence of Haemophilus influenzae by a stepdown procedure. Cells grown logarithmically in Heart Infusion Broth became competent after being transferred to a medium which consisted of amino acids, sodium fumarate, and inorganic salts. Chloramphenicol (2 μg/ml) or l-valine (1 μg/ml) in the nongrowth medium inhibited development of competence. The inhibitory action of l-valine was reversed by comparable concentrations of l-isoleucine. Kinetic studies of the development of competence showed a variable capacity of competent cells to take up deoxyribonucleic acid and reaffirmed earlier findings that competence was not transmissible in H. influenzae. Addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, thiamine, calcium pantothenate, uracil, and hypoxanthine to the medium for competence resulted in a minimal growth medium in which reduced levels of competence were developed.
OCR For Printed Urdu Script Using Feed Forward Neural Network

This paper deals with an Optical Character Recognition system for printed Urdu, a popular Pakistani/Indian script and is the third largest understandable language in the world, especially in the subcontinent but fewer efforts are made to make it understandable to computers. Lot of work has been done in the field of literature and Islamic studies in Urdu, which has to be computerized. In the proposed system individual characters are recognized using our own proposed method/ algorithms. The feature detection methods are simple and robust. Supervised learning is used to train the feed forward neural network. A prototype of the system has been tested on printed Urdu characters and currently achieves 98.3% character level accuracy on average . Although the system is script/ language independent but we have designed it for Urdu characters only.
Development of an Inpatient Treatment Alliance Scale

Although alliance has been one of the most widely investigated variables in outpatient treatment research, its role in inpatient care has received little attention. One factor likely contributing to the lack of inpatient alliance research is the burdensome quality of most alliance scales. Guided by the existing alliance literature, we developed a brief 10-item scale that is designed to measure patients’ overall level of alliance to their inpatient care. This new scale was administered to 140 inpatients receiving standard inpatient care early in their hospitalization. Seventy-two patients completed the scale a second time at discharge. The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties including internal consistency, adjusted item-to-scale correlations, and test-retest reliability. Scores from the inpatient alliance scale were meaningfully related to multiple outcome and treatment variables. Overall, this study demonstrates both the feasibility and potential benefit of exploring the effect of alliance on the process and outcome of inpatient treatment.
Trends in life expectancy of HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy across the globe: comparisons with general population

Purpose of reviewImproved virological and immunological outcomes and reduced toxicity of antiretroviral combination therapy (ART) raise the hope that life expectancy of HIV-positive persons on ART will approach that of the general population. We systematically review the literature and summarize published estimates of life expectancy of HIV-positive populations on ART. We compare their life expectancy with the life expectancy of the general or, in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-negative populations, by time period and gender. Recent findingsTen relevant studies were published from 2006 to 2015. Three studies were from Canada, two from European countries, three from sub-Saharan Africa and two were multicountry studies. Life expectancy increased over time in all studies and regions. Expressed as the percentage of life expectancy in the HIV-negative or general population, estimated life expectancy at age 20 years in HIV-positive people on ART ranged from 60.3% (95% CI 58.0–62.6%) in Rwanda (2008–2011) to 89.1% (95% CI 84.7–93.6%) in Canada (2008–2012). The percentage of life expectancy in the HIV-negative or general population achieved was higher in HIV-positive women than in HIV-positive men in all countries, except for Canada wherein the opposite was the case. SummaryLife expectancy in HIV-positive people on ART has improved worldwide in recent years, but important gaps remain compared with the general and HIV-negative population, and between regions and genders.
Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A Review

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a disease of unknown cause. The hallmark of CEP is eosinophil accumulation in the lungs. While the triggering factor is unknown, eosinophil accumulation in the lungs is now believed to be secondary to the actions of eosinophil-specific chemoattractants, including eotaxin and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and IL-5 released from Th2 lymphocytes in the lungs. There is a female preponderance in CEP, with a peak incidence in the 5th decade; the onset is insidious with weight loss, cough, and dyspnea. An atopic history is common, but asthma is not a prerequisite for the development of CEP. Airways obstruction may develop during the course of CEP, but may also result from CEP. The chest x-ray usually shows bilateral peripheral shadows, which may be migratory. Peripheral eosinophilia is usual. Standard treatment of CEP is with oral steroids, usually with dramatic resolution of symptoms and radiographic changes; however, relapses are common when the daily steroid dose is reduced below 15 mg. Current data suggest that when treatment is stopped, relapse is common in the majority of patients (>80%) followed for a sufficiently long period of time. Some recent reports suggest that treatment with inhaled steroids may be of some value in this condition.
Real Polygonal Covers of Digital Discs - Some Theories and Experiments

There are several algorithms for digitization of a real disc (circle) to derive a digital disc, and also for finding the real disc corresponding to a digital disc. However, the correspondence of a digital disc with a regular polygon in the real plane is not well studied. This paper presents some theories and related experiments on setting the correspondence from a digital disc to its polygonal cover in the real plane. For an ideal regular polygon covering a digital disc, all the grid points of the digital disc should lie on and inside the polygon, and vice versa. That an ideal regular polygon corresponding to a digital disc is possible for some of the digital discs, especially for the ones having smaller radii, is shown. Further, for a disc whose ideal regular polygon is not possible, an approximate polygon, tending to the ideal one, is possible, in which the error of approximation can be controlled by the number of vertices of the approximate polygon. These (ideal or approximate) polygonal covers of digital discs have several applications in many problems of point set pattern matching. We have reported the conditions under which an ideal regular polygon always exists corresponding to a digital disc, and the conditions under which the existence of an ideal regular polygon becomes uncertain. Experimental results have been given to demonstrate the possibilities of approximation and the trade-off in terms of error versus the number of vertices in the approximate polygon.