Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF BUSINESS

Service and product development processes are vital functions for every organization in order to maintain strength in a competitive environment and these kinds of vital processes must continuously be improved. Regarding these processes it is possible to mention about two different approaches for improvement. First one is the improvement of the existing products and the processes and the second one is considering the concept with an innovative perspective. Many methodologies and structural tools are proposed and widely accepted for the first type of approach. However the second approach which will provide real leadership of the market is still vague and only a few tools are proposed by the researchers and practitioners still have problems in making use of them. TRIZ is one of these tools which give the opportunity of methodological innovation. In this study we proposed an approach which supports the process of building innovation strategies. By the use of QFD and the house of quality, the relationships between customer needs and company resources are analyzed and the contradictions which we regard as the opportunities of innovation are defined. Once the contradictions are established Business TRIZ methodology can be used in order to find the best solutions. This study proposes a structural tool that integrates QFD with TRIZ methodology for building creative and new strategies
The Effect of Non-Performing Loans on Profitability in Banking Sector in Indonesia

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of non-performing loans on bank profitability. The dependent variable in this study is profitability and the independent variable is non-performing loans by using control variables are liquidity ratio, capital adequacy ratio, gross domestic product and size. This study uses 26 conventional banks that are listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period between 2009-2017 by using purposive sampling. The results of this study show that non-performing loans variable has a significant negative influence on profitability bank. Liquidity ratio and gross domestic product have significant positive influence on profitability bank whereas capital adequacy ratio does not have significant influence on profitability bank. Implications: For conventional banking firms they are expected to do monitoring so that the level of non-performing loans is low, monitoring the level of liquidity ratio, are also contributing in increasing the growth of gross domestic product to increase profitability bank. Keywords—capital adequacy ratio, gross domestic product, liquidity ratio, non-performing loans, bank size, profitability
Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) – A functional feed ingredient for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Growth, sexual maturation and health

We have investigated feed intake and growth in autumn-transferred Atlantic salmon (S0) during their first spring in the sea, a period of low performance in commercial production. We have compared the results with those obtained from spring-transferred smolt (S1), in order to determine whether this reduction in performance is accompanied by changes in nutrient retention, levels of muscle fat, energy status or condition factor. The practical importance of the results obtained in the small scale experiments was evaluated by studies performed at two commercial farms, both using S0 salmon. The feeding rate, rate of growth and degree of feed utilization were low during the first spring in sea, for both S0 and S1 smolt. In both commercial farms the apparent feed intake in S0 was reduced by approximately 50% in the spring. This lowperforming period coincided with reduced fat and energy retention, low levels of muscle fat and poor condition factor. Fat retention was reduced from 44.8 (March-May) to 15.4% (May-June) in S0, whereas protein retention did not change, indicating that the energy demand was high during the first spring in sea.
Design of High-Efficiency Co-Designed Load Modulation Power Amplifier Using Tunable Matching Network

In this paper, design procedure of load modulated power amplifier (PA) is presented to enhance power added efficiency (PAE) at back-off power regions. The designed amplifier is composed of high-efficiency harmonic-tuned PA and output tunable matching network (TMN). The impedance tunability is implemented using varactor diodes, of which the capacitance can be controlled by the envelope signal, so that TMN presents the optimum load impedance at all envelope amplitudes. The designed PA using commercial GaN HEMT operates at a frequency of 1.85 GHz with 6 W maximum output power. Experimental result shows that the designed TMN allows an efficiency enhancement of 14.5% at 4.5 dB back-off and more than 10% at both 7 dB and 10 dB back-off regions.
Digital Switchgear: Switchgear Moves Into The Digital World

Some things evolve more slowly than others in this fast paced modern world in which live. Switchgear has historically been built in much the same way that it has been for many decades. The time has come for a new era of switchgear construction; due to advances in technology we can build switchgear to be smaller, lighter and more reliable than ever before. This is the era of Digital Switchgear.
Analyzing the Effect of Ramp Load on Closed Loop Buck Boost Fed DC Drive with PI Controller

In order to achieve good power management for simple applications can be achieved by using complete voltage range. The regulated voltage as per the load requirement can be efficiently and accurately transforms the battery voltage using buck-boost converter. This converter is designed and verified with a control range of 48-64 Volts and the ripple content is calculated. This ripple content is analyzed with closed loop operation of converter with PI controller when compared to open loop operation. The obtained graphical and numerical results show the effectiveness of the converter.
Personal Characteristics of e-Bike Riders and Illegal Lane Occupation Behavior

This study aimed to reveal the potential relationship between personal characteristics of e-bike riders and illegal occupation of motor vehicle lane. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted and 350 valid copies of responses were retrieved from the e-bike riders. Depending on the number of motor vehicle lanes occupied, the risky behavior of illegal occupation was divided into four intervals: intervals A, B, C, and D. The disaggregate theory has high adaptability to the analysis of individual traffic behavior. In this study, the multinomial logit model was used, and eight personal characteristics of e-bike riders were selected. The aforementioned four intervals were the four selection limbs, and a measurement model calculating the influence of personal characteristics on the behavior of illegal occupation was built. The theory of elasticity was employed to analyze the sensitivity degree of each influence factor. The results showed that the absolute values of elasticity of all tested influence factors, including age, educational level, and eye vision, were less than 1.000. However, on the four intervals, the elasticity of riders’ temperament was 1.203, 1.656, 1.554, and 1.355, respectively, and elasticity of riding proficiency was 2.782, 3.883, 3.453, and 2.932, respectively.
The Relationship between Capital Structure, Ownership Structure and Firm Efficiency: Empirical Study of Pakistan

The aim of the study is to examine the importance of efficiency in order to measure the performance of an organization. In order to measure efficiency of firm a very important model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), constant return to scale (CRS) is used to get the accurate figure of technical efficiency. The inputs variables are total assets and total equity and outputs variables are total sales and net profit before tax are used to measure technical efficiency. This study further studied the relationship of technical efficiency with capital structure and ownership structure and found significant relationship between them. To obtain the accurate results this study used different techniques such as correlation analysis, ordinary least square regression analysis on a panel data of 100 non-financial companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (PSX-100) coving a time period of six years (2010-2016). This research examined a significant positive relationship between leverage, ownership concentrations, family owned ownership and firm efficiency (technical). On the other the study found a negative relationship between managerial ownership, institutional ownership and firm technical efficiency.
The Role of Cultural Routes in Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study of Syria’s Spiritual Route

Received: 13 December 2018 Accepted: 20 December 2019 Cultural routes and associated cultural tourism are innovative, broadly networked, and designed tourism systems that serve multiple purposes. Cultural routes had become a tool for maintaining destinations and promoting tourism simultaneously. This study assesses the potential of cultural routes in rebuilding Syria’s dire tourism infrastructure situation after the war. The aim is to examine whether the "Spiritual Route" proposed by the Syrian Ministry of Tourism has the potential to attract tourists and reinstate itself as a sustainable route generating benefits for all stakeholders. The purpose is to determine the potential the “Spiritual Route” has for tourism and how it may attract people. Data has been obtained from a literature review and reconstructed from interviews and information from tourism databases and concerned personnel on its history, geography, and potential as a sustainable culture. The results from a SWOT analysis and the literature review revealed that the “Spiritual Route” has the potential to become a primary tourism attraction for a wide audience. This can be achieved by linking the tangible heritages of different geographical areas if planning and development are appropriate; however, the current internal situation of the war is a substantial hindrance. These principal findings can contribute as a valuable review in highlighting key limitations to be dealt with by decision-makers of Syria’s “Spiritual Route” and others working on similar cultural routes in post-war Syria.
Combined Effect of Ocean Acidification and Fluid Turbulence on Puerto Rico Coastal Barriers: A Preliminary Study

A wealth of information exists on the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems. Acidifying oceans not only pose a threat to coral colonies and reef formations, but may also alter dissolution processes of other coastal barriers such as sandstone. In this paper, we examine the combined effect of OA and fluid turbulence on the Puerto Rico north coast barrier (Eolianite). We hypothesize that fluid turbulence adds an additional stressor, whose combined effects on the dissolution processes are yet to be determined. Eolianite samples were subjected to fluid stresses while submerged in seawater with lower-than-usual pH levels (6.5<pH<6.9). For this preliminary experiment, the integrity of the sample was assessed in terms of its mass loss (25.8g average). Future experiments include assessments of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, including roughness, point load stress, morphology, and carbonate composition. We ultimately aim at developing dissolution models for eventual extrapolation into field conditions. This highly interdisciplinary project supports the basis for more comprehensive efforts aiming to provide estimates of the accelerated loss of coastal barriers, OA threats, aragonite saturation, coastal vulnerability and hazards to public safety.
GRID-VOLTAGE REGULATION AS A STATCOM BY USING IUPQC CONTROLLER

This paper presents an improved controller for the dual topology of the unified power quality conditioner (iUPQC) extending its applicability in power-quality compensation, as well as in microgrid applications. By using this controller, beyond the conventional UPQC power quality features, including voltage sag/swell compensation, the iUPQC will also provide reactive power support to regulate not only the load-bus voltage but also the voltage at the gridside bus. In other words, the I UPQC will work as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) at the grid side, while providing also the conventional UPQC compensations at the load or micro grid side. Experimental results are provided to verify the new functionality of the equipment.
Toxicity of Copper oxide nanoparticle on physiology and biochemistry of Solanum lycopersicum as evident by growth, photosynthetic pigment content and PS II photochemistry: toxicity alleviation by calcium

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) toxicity has greatly affected the environment and particularly plants. It causes rapid changes in plant morphology and physiology; however, the changes can be restored via exogenous supplementation of Calcium (Ca). Thus, the present work has been undertaken to elucidate the impacts of Ca supplementation on reducing the CuONPs toxicity in S. lycopersicum. CuONPs at both the doses (500 and 1000 μM) showed significant reduction in growth, protein content, photosynthetic pigments, PS II photochemistry, contrastingly the reactive oxygen species (SOR and H2O2) were significantly raised as confirmed by invitro and in-vivo visualization of SOR and H2O2 that eventually leads to cell death as evidenced. Now days the nutrient management techniques have been widely used for the release of toxic effects caused by the pollutants in plants. In this study, the toxicity alleviation is achieved by exogenous application of calcium (Ca). Ca is a macronutrient that acts as a signalling molecule and produces a remarkable enhancement in growth attributes, protein content, and photochemistry of PS II. Besides physiological responses Ca also reduced the ROS generation. Therefore, the study concludes that, Ca not only shields the growth and development of plants from CuONPs toxicity but also reduce the generation of ROS.
Effect of Coffee Consumption on the Incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache among Patients Receiving Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia provides excellent outcome for surgeries below the umbilicus like varicose veins surgery. Unfortunately, spinal anesthesia has complications such as Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH). Conservative treatments of PDPH include vasoconstrictors such as caffeine that found in coffee. The nurse observes patients for post spinal anesthesia complications especially Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) and gives appropriate nursing interventions. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Aim: to determine effect of coffee consumption on the incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache among patients receiving spinal anesthesia. Hypothesis of the study: Postoperative patients who consume coffee exhibit less incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache than who don’t consume it. Setting: The study was carried out in Main University Hospital, Alexandria. Egypt. Subjects: The sample of the study consisted of a convenience sample of 60 postoperative patients (had varicose veins surgery) received spinal anesthesia. They were divided randomly into 2 equal groups, control and study (coffee) groups. Tool: Postoperative Headache Assessment Sheet was used in order to collect data. It included four parts: Part I: Bio-socio demographic data, Part II: Headache diagnosis, Part III: Headache assessment items, and Part IV: Assessment of needing for analgesics. Results: The chief result in this study was that the incidence of PDPH is less in coffee group than in the control group with statistical significant differences between both groups (P= (0.001*, 0.020*, 0.020*, 0.038*) after 4 hours, first, second, and third days, respectively. Conclusion: The study hypothesis was accepted as incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache is decreased in postoperative patients who consumed coffee than in those who don’t consume it. Recommendation: Replicate this study among different samples (age, sex, diagnosis, type of operation).
A Dynamic Model of Leverage and Interest Rates*

I study a dynamic model where both leverage and interest rates are determined in equilibrium. The model considers risk neutral agents, or equivalently agents with an infinite elasticity of inter-temporal substitution. In this setting without financial frictions the risk-free rate is given by the discount rate of agents. However, I show that the introduction of collateral constraints creates a wedge between the equilibrium risk-free rate and agents’ rate of discount. The collateral constraint limits arbitrage and some agents enjoy risk-adjusted returns that are higher than the equilibrium risk-free rate. In a dynamic setting the possibility of enjoying these excess returns in the future makes agents willing to lend today at lower risk-free rates relative to their rate of preferences. Excess returns are expected to be larger when leverage is expected to be lower, so a more severe expected collapse in leverage increases the wedge between the rate of preferences and the equilibrium risk-free rate, i.e. reduces the risk-free rate. At the same time, the model predicts that this will increase risk premiums on debts that default when leverage is expected to be low. * I specially thank my advisor John Geanakoplos for his advise and constant encouragement. I also benefited from helpful discussions with Mikhail Golosov, Andrew Metrick, and Guillermo Ordoñez, and comments from Alexandros Vardoulakis and participants in seminars at Yale’s Macro Lunch and Central Bank of Chile. The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Board or its staff. † Email: david.e. rappoport@frb.gov.
Infants Generalize Beliefs Across Individuals

It has been argued that infants possess a rich, sophisticated theory of mind (ToM) that is only revealed with tasks based on spontaneous responses. A mature (ToM) implies the understanding that mental states are person specific. Previous studies on infants’ understanding of motivational mental states, such as goals and preferences have revealed that, by 9 months of age, infants do not generalize these motivational mental states across agents. However, it remains to be determined if infants also perceive epistemic states as person specific. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to use a switch agent paradigm with the classic false belief violation-of-expectation task. Results revealed that 16-month-old infants attributed true and false beliefs to a naïve agent – they did not perceive beliefs as person specific. These findings indicate that the mechanisms that underlie infants’ implicit attribution of beliefs differ from those assumed for explicit reasoning about beliefs.
Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Adults in Bhaktapur, Nepal in 2015–2017

Introduction: There is an increase in the double burden of malnutrition globally, with a particular rise documented in Asia. In Nepal, undernutrition has been prevalent for decades. Today, however, the incidence of overweight and obesity (OWOB) in the country has increased substantially. There is a need to conduct local studies reporting on the concurrent burden of both underweight and OWOB across adult populations. This study addresses this need by describing the distribution of body mass index (BMI) in a defined population of adults living in the peri-urban community of Bhaktapur, Nepal. Material and methods: For this cross-sectional analysis, we used data that were available from 600 women and 445 men whose children were enrolled in an individually randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of daily vitamin B12 supplementation. Upon enrolment of their 6–11-month old children, mothers and fathers were interviewed about their socio-demographic details. In addition, their weight and height were measured by trained field workers. Each parent's BMI was calculated as the ratio of body weight (in kg) and height squared (in m), expressed as kg/m2, and categorized according to the WHO recommendation. We used linear and multinomial logistic regression models to assess associations between the BMI of the mothers and fathers, and their baseline characteristics. Results: The mean BMI was 23.7 kg/m2 for both the mothers and fathers with a standard deviation (SD) of 3.6 and 3.7, respectively. The proportion categorized as underweight, overweight, and obese was also similar in the two groups with around 5% being underweight, 30% being overweight and 5% being obese. Age was positively associated with BMI in both groups. Those categorized as daily wage earner had a lower mean BMI than those in other occupational groups. Conclusion: Our results contribute to documenting the burden of both under- and overnutrition in a selected group of young adults living in a peri-urban community in Nepal. As Nepal is undergoing an improvement in its economic situation, as well as a nutrition transition, it is important to provide sufficient information to enable timely action, and evidence-based decision-making to prevent a further increase in Nepal's growing double burden of malnutrition.
Barriers to Perinatal Palliative Care Consultation

Despite that infant mortality rates in western countries have improved over the past decade, 5.8 infant deaths per 1,000 live births are still reported, mainly due to prematurity and congenital anomalies (1, 2). According to recent data collected in the UK, the survival rate of pre-term infants born at 23+0 to 23+6 weeks of gestation and who receive active treatment is 38% (3). According to a registry study of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 20% of infants born at 22–24 weeks of gestation survives without neurodevelopmental impairment (4). Therefore, unfortunately, still a relevant number of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) could have an unfavorable diagnosis and a poor prognosis. This leads to the notion of perinatal palliative care (PnPC) as an emerging field of palliative care. It involves different healthcare providers, including neonatologists, gynecologists, midwives, and nurses, and in a broader view all professionals who provide support strategies to the mother or the family and the fetus/newborn. PnPC provides supportive care before and after birth and to families when a child is affected by congenital anomalies inconsistent with long-term survival, or when the extreme prematurity or post-natal irreversible disease of the child drastically reduces the possibility of survival (5, 6). Remarkably, in case of life-limiting fetal anomalies, palliative care could start before delivery (7) and up to 85% of parents continue pregnancies with a poor prenatal diagnosis worldwide (8). Therefore, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend parental informed consent and discussion of all available care options, including PnPC (9). Despite the importance of PnPC, several barriers to its implementation and utilization exist (10–12). At present, training programs in the field are proposed, the discipline is described as “very important” by hospital leadership but allocation of personnel, space, money, curriculum time remains poor (12). In this paper, we comment on the barriers that make the access, planning, and development of PnPC services difficult.