Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palaeoclimate simulation of Little Ice Age

Abstract Little Ice Age (LIA) is a typical cold climate period in global scope with a profound impact upon human society. In this study, a coupled global atmospheric circulation model including the land processes (AGCM + SSiB) is used to perform the simulation of LIA climate. Under the control of solar radiation reduction mechanism, the decrease of temperature is more obvious in summer than in winter; meanwhile, there is regional difference in the change of winter temperature. But the temperature decrease is the main characteristic of the annual mean temperature. Volcanic dust has an evident effect on the winter temperature decrease, but to a less extent than the solar radiation. The synchronous function caused by the reduction of solar radiation and the increase of optic depth of volcanic dust has a superposed strengthening effect on the temperature decrease in large regions. Promotion of the vegetation cover rate profits the increase of temperature, and vise versa. Certain decrease of solar radiation wi.
Crop Yield as Affected by Rotation and Nitrogen Rate. III. Corn

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a widely grown crop in the USA that re-sponds positively to crop rotation. This study compares yields of corn grown in continuous monoculture with that of a (i) 2-yr soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.1-corn rotation; (ii) a 4-yr soybean-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchj-oat + clover [Avena L. interseeded with 80% Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. , 20% Tri-folium pratense1-E rotation; and (iii) a 4-yr oat + clover-grain sorghum-soybean-= rotation. Interactions between crop rotation and N rate were also determined. The study was conducted for 4 yr on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Continuous corn produced less grain (5.5 mg ha-' yr-I) than corn grown in rotation (7.6 Mg ha-' yr-' average). Corn fol- lowing a legume in rotation produced maximum grain yield with 90 kg N ha-', while continuous corn required at least 180 kg N ha-' for maximum yield. Corn following oat + clover produced maximum yield in a year of above-average precipitation, but this rotation was vulnerable to soil-water deficits. In 3 of 4 yr, corn following soybean in a 4-yr rotation produced more grain than other rotations.
Evaluation of the resident-species procedure for developing site-specific water quality criteria for copper in Blaine Creek, Kentucky

Acute toxicity tests were performed on each of nine different organisms in Blaine Creek (Lawrence County, KY) water to determine 48-h LC50 values for copper (Cu). Blaine Creek is the receiving stream for Kentucky Power Company's Big Sandy Plant fly-ash pond discharge. Selection of the nine tested species and integration of the results were based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) resident-species procedure. The following LC50 (μg Cu/L) values were obtained (hardness 100-120 mg/L as CaCO3): Daphnia pulex37; Physella sp. 109; Isonychia bicolor223; Pimephales promelas284; Stenonema sp. 453; Eurycea bislineata1,120; Chironomus riparius1,170; Orconectes sp. 2,370; Lepomis macrochirus4,300. A final acute value (FAV) of 10.1 μg Cu/L (hardness 50 mg/L as CaCO3) was derived using the Blaine Creek database, which is lower than the EPA's national FAV (18.5 μg/L). The differences in FAVs were due to the effect of database size, not differences in the relative sensitivity of test organisms. Our findings provide caution for dischargers who may choose to use the resident-species procedure for future site-specific water-quality-criteria demonstrations. The resident-species procedure, because of the inherent conservative bias of the calculation process, tends to produce more stringent criteria when used on a site-specific basis. A modified recalculation procedure, in conjunction with site-specific metal bioavailability data, was judged to be the most appropriate method for deriving site-specific Cu criteria for Blaine Creek.
The Role of Melanocyte Lineage Genes in Melanoma

Malignant melanoma accounts for the highest number of deaths among all skin cancer types, and its incidence has increased dramatically over the past decades. Despite the tremendous therapeutic advances, treatment resistant cells emerge in the vast heterogeneity of melanoma, driving tumor relapse and poor patient outcome. The aims of the studies conducted in this thesis were to contribute to the knowledge with regards to therapy-resistant melanomas, and to explore tumor heterogeneity in relation to cancer progression among the chronic sun-damaged (CSD) melanomas.Therapy resistant cells have lost the melanocyte lineage-specific transcriptional program, which is mainly driven by the master-melanocyte regulator MITF. Paper I validated the MITF-negative (MITFNeg) melanomas to be highly aggressive and associated with inferior patient survival compared with the MITF-high (MITFHigh) cases. We herein discovered an even more undifferentiated melanoma subtype that lacks the MITF upstream marker SOX10 (MITFNegSOX10Neg), characterized by superior metastatic potential and resistance to targeted therapy. Importantly, we found gene methylation explaining the silencing of both MITF and SOX10 in these melanomas. To discriminate the role of SOX10 in MITFNeg cells, in Paper II we engineered SOX10KO by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Depletion of SOX10 in MITFNeg cells lead to a hyper-undifferentiated phenotype: a new distinct lineage identity state in melanoma. Paper III uncovered a novel layer of regulation of MITF at the translational level. We showed that MITF is regulated by the RNA-helicase DDX3X. DDX3X loss in melanoma leads to decreased MITF, and results in enhanced metastasis and therapy resistance. Interestingly, DDX3X is located on the X-chromosome. Thus, mutations affecting DDX3X associate with poor prognosis in male melanoma patients, implying an exclusive window of opportunity in this gender. Paper IV investigated the molecular features of a unique cohort of high and low CSD (CSDhigh, CSDlow) melanomas. Focusing on the less investigated CSDhigh subtype in view of cancer progression, we found no mutational difference between in situ or invasive phases. We further observed dissimilarity in the heterogeneity levels between CSDhigh and CSDlow melanomas, which suggests distinguishable molecular entities that progress via different routes.Overall, we unraveled the role of melanocyte-specific genes in defining diverse melanoma lineage states, while investigating novel biological mechanisms behind their regulation. Our findings further highlighted the variable heterogeneity in CSD melanoma subtypes, which should be taken into consideration for an improved diagnosis, and when choosing the best treatment options for melanoma patients. (Less)
COVID-19: Perspectives on the Pandemic and its Incidence in Dentistry

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presenting with pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China The ongoing spread of COVID-19 worldwide is creating enormous uncertainty In particular, the dental profession is facing a major challenge Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross-infection is elevated between patients and dental staff The present review aimed to briefly discuss the overview of the disease, including the basic science, epidemiology, symptoms, routes of transmission and several topics that the authors believe are binding and relevant to the dental practice The guidelines adopted by governments and international organizations also address all dental associations to protect the health of the community and to contain the spread of COVID-19 infection until a vaccine or an effective/validated treatment becomes available
El Proyecto ACERTO: un protocolo multimodal barato y eficaz para América Latina

The ACERTO project is a multimodal peri-operative care program. The set of routines and prescriptions of the ACERTO project is based on evidence-based medicine as opposed to traditional care, often empirical and taught in the same routine by successive generations of surgeons. Traditional care such as the use of nasogastric tube, abdominal drainage, preoperative colonic preparation, preoperative fasting of 6-8 hours are modified in the project based on evidence from randomized studies and meta-analysis. In addition, the project reinforces the restriction of intravenous fluids and the use of nutritional therapy in the peri-operative. The application of the ACERTO project since 2005 has been modifying results, showing significant reduction of hospitalization days and postoperative morbidity in successive clinical studies. The ACERTO project is free to use.
Estradiol‐17β and testosterone levels in the cockle Fulvia mutica during the annual reproductive cycle

Abstract In this study, we investigated seasonal variations in the concentrations of estradiol‐17β (E2) and testosterone (T) in the gonad of the cockle Fulvia mutica from March 2004 to February 2005 in relation to the reproductive cycle. Histological data showed that F. mutica is a hermaphrodite bivalve species, and gametogenesis took place during winter‐spring (November‐April) and spawning occurred in summer (May‐June) when water temperature was higher. E2 and T concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). E2 concentrations varied between 7.27 and 32.63 pg/g wet weight and T concentrations ranged from 22.83 to 77.15 pg/g wet weight throughout the year. Both steroids exhibited a similar annual pattern that correlated with the reproductive cycle. The two peaks of E2 and T concentrations in November and May‐June occurred at critical moments of the F mutica reproductive cycle: the onsets of gametogenesis and of the spawning period. E2 andT concentrations were low during the non‐reproductive period extending from July to October. These results suggest that E2and T could play a role as endogenous modulators in the reproductive cycle of F. mutica.
Clarifying the Dominant Logic Construct by Disentangling and Reassembling its Dimensions

Since its introduction, Prahalad and Bettis's concept of dominant logic has informed a variety of scholarly conversations in management and strategy research. However, scholars have interpreted dominant logic in different ways, emphasizing different aspects, such as managerial mindsets, administrative tools and management functions, as deﬁning elements. Similarly, empirical studies have captured various aspects, such as meanings of entrepreneurs, observable strategic decisions and business model similarity, as indicators of dominant logic. Consequently, the concept lacks analytical clarity, and it is difﬁcult to compare or generalize ﬁndings from this diverse set of studies. The aim of this review is to improve conceptual clarity by analysing, comparing and evaluating the existing interpretations and assessments of dominant logic in 94 studies. In the ﬁrst part of the review, by disentangling the interpretations of the concept, we show that dominant logic consists of four deﬁning dimensions: (i) shared mental models; (ii) values and premises; (iii) organizational practices; and (iv) organizing structures. In the second part, we reassemble dominant logic into an integrative model and theorize about how these dimensions operate in concert to produce a ﬁrm's dominant logic. Thus, our main contribution is a clariﬁcation and synthesis of the literature, which comes with implications on how future research can conceptualize and operationalize dominant logic more consistently.
An Analysis of Factor That Influence the Interests in Behaviors of Using Accounting Information Systems Based on E-Commerce

This study aims to analyze: 1) the influence of attitude on behavioral interest, 2) the influence of subjective norms on behavioral interest, 3) the influence of perceptual behavioral control on behavioral interest, 4) the influence of ease use of perception on behavioral interest and 5) the influence of the usefulness of perception on behavioral interest. There are 160 respondents in this study. They are the users of accounting information systems based on e-commerce. This study uses multiple linear regression research methods. Based on the results of the instruments can be seen that all items are valid and reliable statement. The results of the study showed that: 1) there is an influence of attitude on behavioral interest, 2) there is an influence of subjective norms on behavioral interest, 3) there is an influence of perceptual behavior control on behavioral interest, 4) there is an influence of ease of use of perception of behavioral interest and 5) there is an influence of usefulness of perception on behavioral interest.
A multi‐scale assessment of the occurrence of exotic plants on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington

Exotic plants were surveyed in 208 plots within the Dungeness and Hoh river watersheds on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA. Landscape patch types included uplands (clearcuts, young and mature forests) and riparian zones (cobble bars, shrub patches, riparian forests, and alder flats). Patterns of exotic plant invasions were assessed between watersheds, between riparian and upland areas, among patch types, and within clearcuts. 52 exotic plant species were encountered, accounting for 23% of the flora in each watershed. In both watersheds, exotic species richness was approximately 33% greater in riparian zones than in uplands, and mean number and cover of exotic species were > 50% greater in riparian zones than in uplands. Among landscape patch types, richness and mean number and cover of exotics was highest in young riparian patches, intermediate in clearcuts and riparian forests, and lowest in young and mature forests. The exception to this was Hoh alder flats, which had the highest mean cover of exotic plants. Cover of exotic plants peaked in uplands 3 to 7 yr after clearcutting, then decreased with increased canopy closure. Disturbance type and time since disturbance were major factors influencing invasibility. Landscape patch size, position within watershed (distance from patch to human population centers, major highway, or river mouth), and environmental variables (slope, aspect, and elevation) were not important indicators of landscape patch invasibility. Riparian zones facilitated movement of exotic plants through landscapes, but did not appear to act as sources of exotic plants for undisturbed upland areas.
Antiglycation capacity and antioxidant activities of different pigmented Thai rice

Summary This study investigated the antiglycation capacity and antioxidant activities of fifteen Thai rice varieties. Purple variety, Kum Rai showed the highest value of total phenolic content (245.06 ± 7.87 mg GAE/gram extract dry weight), DPPH radical scavenging activity (92.33 ± 0.49 mg Trolox/gram extract dry weight), ABTS radical scavenging activity (221.01 ± 0.25 mg Trolox/gram extract dry weight) and percentage inhibition of AGEs formation (82.03 ± 0.19%). We found that, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH assay) in rice varieties were highly correlated (P < 0.05) with their antiglycation capacity. These results indicated that the total phenolic content was responsible for antioxidant and antiglycation capacities of rice samples. This study is the first report on a correlation between anti-AGEs capacity and antioxidant activities of Thai rice varieties. Our data have provided useful information for selection of rice varieties for the bioactive compounds that may improve the health of the aged and diabetic complications.
Prebiotic fructans and organic acids as feed additives improving mineral availability

Mineral availability is one of the most important concerns in poultry nutrition. In modern, high-producing, meat and laying poultry, mineral metabolism disorders often lead to decreased eggshell quality and osteoporosis in laying hens and bone weakness in broiler chickens. This has negative effects not only on the economic profitability of production but also on the welfare of the birds. The article discusses the results of studies on the effect of chosen feed additives, namely organic acids and prebiotic fructans, on mineral utilisation in poultry. The results of some of the experiments presented in the article indicate that the use of these additives may have a positive impact on mineral metabolism in poultry.
Dynamic markdown decisions based on a quality loss function in on-site direct-sale supply chains for perishable food

Abstract Food loss and waste have become a critical problem worldwide. Determining an appropriate promotional strategy for reducing waste and environmental impacts to ensure sustainability is essential in supply chains (SCs). Considering quality losses, this paper proposes an on-site direct-sale dynamic SC inventory model involving one retailer and one contracted supply centre for perishable foods. This model enables the determination of optimal price markdown decisions while maximizing the total channel profit. Regularly priced and markdown products are substitutable during the markdown period, and their demand rates are dependent on price, quality, and time. The optimal solution for the price markdown timing is derived analytically, and a sensitivity analysis of various model parameters is conducted. Numerical studies are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results; three scenarios with different types of customers served by the retailer are considered (general customers, product-quality-oriented customers, and price-oriented customers). Based on the theoretical and numerical findings, several managerial insights are provided.
STEADY ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHESIS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONTROLLING SYSTEMS WITH INCOMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT THE OBJECT STATE

In this paper, questions of forming and creation of steady synthesis algorithms of multidimensional controlling systems at incomplete information on object status are considered. It is shown that the matrix of feedback coupling on a status at the complete information is not determined. The different algorithms of steady calculation of a matrix pseudo-inverse to the matrix of outputs using these or those decomposition of matrixes are analyzed. Algorithms of iterative specification of a required solution of "skeletal" decomposition are given. The given expressions allow synthesizing the simplified computing procedures of synthesis of multidimensional controlling systems at incomplete information on object status.
Total, water-soluble and acid-soluble arabinoxylans in western Canadian barleys

Non-starch polysaccharides, such as β-glucan and arabinoxylan, are often implicated as a cause of the poor feeding value of barley for poultry. Levels of arabinoxylan in Canadian barley types, though, have not been thoroughly investigated. Total, water-extract and acid-extract arabinoxylan levels were determined for six-rowed (covered), two-rowed (covered) and hulless (both six- and two-rowed) barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars and genotypes grown in the 1991 Western Canadian Barley Cooperative Program. Analyses were performed using a dichromatic modification of the orcinol method. The six-rowed barley types contained significantly greater total, water-extract and acid-extract arabinoxylan concentrations than hulless or two-rowed types (P < 0.05). In hulless barley, total (P < 0.01), water-extract (P < 0.01), and acid-extract (P < 0.05) levels of arabinoxylan were, respectively, less than, greater than and similar to levels of arabinoxylan in samples of two-rowed barley. Environment had a significant effe.
Fire history in Andean Araucaria–Nothofagus forests: coupled influences of past human land-use and climate on fire regimes in north-west Patagonia

Historical fire regimes are critical for understanding the potential effects of changing climate and human land-use on forest landscapes. Fire is a major disturbance process affecting the Andean Araucaria forest landscape in north-west Patagonia. The main goals of this study were to reconstruct the fire history of the Andean Araucaria–Nothofagus forests and to evaluate the coupled influences of climate and humans on fire regimes. Reconstructions of past fires indicated that the Araucaria forest landscape has been shaped by widespread, stand-replacing fires favoured by regional interannual climate variability related to major tropical and extratropical climate drivers in the southern hemisphere. Summer precipitation and streamflow reconstructions tended to be below average during fire years. Fire events were significantly related to positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode and to warm and dry summers following El Nino events. Although Euro-Chilean settlement (1883–1960) resulted in widespread burning, cattle ranching by Pehuenche Native Americans during the 18th and 19th centuries also appears to have changed the fire regime. In the context of climate change, two recent widespread wildfires (2002 and 2015) affecting Araucaria forests appear to be novel and an early indication of a climate change driven shift in fire regimes in north-west Patagonia.
Standardization of vegetable oils composition to be used as oleochemistry feedstock through a selective hydrogenation process

Selective hydrogenation over pre-reduced 8% Cu/SiO2 catalysts has been carried out on a series of non-food oils methylesters. The catalyst shows a very high diene:monoene selectivity, thus allowing one to reduce not only the linolenic component, but also the linoleic one in this way enriching the oil in oleic acid and avoiding a contemporary increase in stearic acid concentration. This treatment improves the oxidation stability of the oil while keeping acceptable viscosity and cold properties and can be used to standardize a wide variety of different available feedstock. Practical applications: Vegetable oils from different sources can be used as primary, secondary (when they are residues of other processes), or tertiary (post-consumer wastes) feedstock for the chemical industry. Their composition can be very different as far as unsaturated components are concerned. This variability is an issue because it can lead to multiple products and moreover the unsaturation level, that is the iodine value, is strongly related to oxidation unstability. The process we propose here allows one to standardize the oil composition improving the oxidation stability and keeping acceptable fluidity. The very mild experimental conditions, 4–6 atm of H2 and 160–180°C, the use of a non-toxic and cheap metal, make this process sustainable and easily viable, e.g., in hardening plants.