Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Anti-Cancer Therapy

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious because they frequently lead togenomic instability, cell death or cancer [1]. However, the formation of DSBs is also a key molecular event underlying the therapeutic effects of many anti-cancer agents. Cells have evolved complex network of DSB sensing and repair systems, collectively referred to as the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathway [2]. Manipulation of the DDR pathway has recently emerged as an alternative strategy in cancer therapy [3]. The two major DSB repair mechanisms are the error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and error-free homologous recombination (HR). NHEJ repairs DSBs by direct ligation of the DSB ends that are either processed or unprocessed [4]. The classical NHEJ pathway requires the actions of several independent protein complexes—the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer, the DNA-PKcs-Artemis nuclease and the XLF-XRCC4-LIG IV ligase— together with the polymerases λ and μ. NHEJ operates throughout the cell cycle whereas HR is mainly active in the S/G2 phases since it requires a donor template [5]. Besides cell cycle dependent selection, the pathway choice of NHEJ and HR is additionally controlled by the competition between the loading of 53BP1 and BRCA1 onto DSB-containing chromatin [6-9]. Proper DSB repair also requires the activities of DNA damage responsive protein kinases, which facilitate the activation of checkpoints to ensure cell cycle delay during DSB repair. The two key kinases are ATM and ATR. ATM, activated by DSBs, phosphorylates CHK2 and transduces the signal to p53 for G1/S checkpoint arrest whereas the ATR kinase is activated by single-strand DNA and phosphorylates CHK1 for G2/M arrest [10,11].
Version European trade with lower-income countries and the relative wages of the unskilled : an exploratory analysis for West Germany and the UK

This paper develops a Heckscher-Ohlin-type framework in which relative factor prices are affected by output prices as well as by total factor productivity growth. The empirical analysis finds no evidence that the relative prices of unskilledlabour-intensive manufactures, adjusted for total factor productivity growth, declined after 1970 to depress the wages or employment opportunities (in the presence of an inflexible wage structure) of unskilled labour. Similarly, neither in West Germany nor in the UK did changes in the commodity composition of foreign trade reflect a sustained rise in the stock of unskilled labour in the rest of the world (which they should if labour markets were strongly affected by growing developing country exports).
The essential stability of local error control for dynamical systems

Although most adaptive software for initial value problems is designed with an accuracy requirement—control of the local error—it is frequently observed that stability is imparted by the adaptation. This relationship between local error control and numerical stability is given a firm theoretical underpinning.The dynamics of numerical methods with local error control are studied for three classes of ordinary differential equations: dissipative, contractive, and gradient systems. Dissipative dynamical systems are characterised by having a bounded absorbing set $\mathcal{B}$ which all trajectories eventually enter and remain inside. The exponentially contractive problems studied have a unique, globally exponentially attracting equilibrium point and thus they are also dissipative since the absorbing set $\mathcal{B}$ may be chosen to be a ball of arbitrarily small radius around the equilibrium point. The gradient systems studied are those for which the set of equilibria comprises isolated points and all traje.
valuation of polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS ) surface modification approaches for icrofluidic applications

We evaluate four surface treatment methods to minimize the aging effects of PDMS. We examine each treatment method using up to four different techniques. Most surface treatment methods can stabilize the surface property of PDMS. The highest surface potential of PDMS is achieved via plasma treatment. Some monomer grafting methods cause heterogeneity on PDMS microchannel walls. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t
Stress Testing of Energy-Related Derivative Instruments Based on Conditional Market Risk Models

Stress testing has recently been an important risk management tool to both complement and supplement risk measurement methods under different stress scenarios. It is already a part of Basel II capital rules introduced by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. This paper performs thorough backtests under widely used risk models in combination with different conditional volatility frameworks to identify the most suitable risk model specification for structured energy instruments mostly traded in financial markets and conducts a stress test based on the specified models. We find strong evidence that, for a smaller estimation window, the volatility model that incorporates asymmetric volatility response together with Student’s t innovations clearly outperforms symmetric ones. However, the conditional empirical model is superior when larger estimation windows are considered. Also, it is shown that the backtest performances of volatility models are substantially affected by the distribution selection. Stress test results clearly indicate that energy shocks can lead greater stress losses than those observed in major currency pairs. Associated with an appropriate initial shock and estimation window size, the stress losses estimated by the selected models favorably compare with past shocks in all but one extraordinary case: the 1 st Gulf War scenarios ended in the largest ever price drops. Referring to Basel II capital calculation rules, the results imply the need for significant risk capital buffers for energy portfolios.
Groundwater Quality Assessment near an Open Dump Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria

This study assessed groundwater quality around an open dump municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal site at Ilokun, a village on the outskirts of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Three geotechnical boreholes and three water boreholes (tube wells) were drilled at intervals of 15m, 30m and 45m away from the disposal site. Soil samples were obtained near the top and at the bottom of the geotechnical boreholes. Tests carried out on these samples included the sieve analysis, specific gravity, bulk density, natural moisture contents, Atterberg limits, linear shrinkage, and hydraulic conductivity tests, and these were used to index and classify the soils at the landfill dumpsite. It was discovered that the soils belonged to the clay and clayey-sand USCS groups (CL and SC mainly). Groundwater samples were taken from the three water boreholes (tube wells), and physical, chemical and microbiological investigations carried out on the water samples and on water obtained from an existing hand-dug well in the neighbourhood of the dumpsite. The parameters obtained from the tests on the samples were compared with the Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality of the Standards Organisation of Nigeria. The water quality parameters determined included: the acidity (pH), temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), colour and odour, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), and contents of the constituents such as total iron, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, etc. The microbiological characteristics determined are the Total Bacterial Count (Total coliform count), and the presence of Faecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aeurus and Escherichia coli. It was discovered that the groundwater at the dumpsite has been heavily contaminated and unfit for human consumption or usage without appropriate treatment to render them potable and fit for domestic use.
A NEW STRATEGY FOR PHASE UNWRAPPING IN INSAR TIME SERIES OVER AREAS WITH HIGH DEFORMATION RATE: CASE STUDY ON THE SOUTHERN TEHRAN SUBSIDENCE

Abstract. The primary step in all timeseries interferometric synthetic aperture radar (T-InSAR) algorithms is the phase unwrapping step to resolve the inherent cycle ambiguities of interferometric phases. In areas with a high spatio-temporal deformation gradient, phase unwrapping fails due to the aliasing problem, and so it can result in an underestimation of deformation signal. One way to handle this problem is to use the so called Small-Baseline Subset (SBAS) algorithms; in these algorithms, by using only small-baseline interferograms – hence interferograms with small deformation gradients – the chance of unwrapping error gets reduced. However, due to more number of the used interferograms, SBAS method is computationally more expensive and more time-consuming compared to algorithms that exploit Single-Master (SM) stacks. Moreover, the existence of sufficiently small temporal baseline interferograms is not guaranteed in all SAR stacks. In this paper, we propose a new method to take advantage of short temporal baseline interferograms but effectively using SM approach. We treat the phase unwrapping step as a Bayesian estimation problem while the prior information, required by the Bayesian estimator, is extracted from few short coherent interferograms that are unwrapped separately. Results from the proposed approach and a case study over the southwest of Tehran, with a high subsidence rate (reaching to 25 cm/year), demonstrates that utilizing the proposed method overcomes the aliasing problem and produces the results equal to the conventional SBAS results, while the proposed method is computationally much more efficient than SBAS.
Utilizing Spirogyra grevilleana as a Phytoremediatory Agent for Reduction of Limnetic Nutrients and Escherichia coli Concentrations

The freshwater alga Spirogyra grevilleana was used in an experimental biofiltration system to reduce levels of Escherichia coli, nitrates, and phosphates. Water collected from a 2.32 ha lake in Atlanta, Georgia, USA was pumped at a constant rate (6.17 × 10-1 m3·hr-1) through the algal filtration devices with low and high concentrations of S. grevilleana. Effluent water was tested over time for E. coli, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, and pH levels. Both concentrations of S. grevilleana reduced E. coli by 100% and significantly reduced nitrate concentrations (30% ± 13%) and phosphate concentrations (23% ± 5%) while maintaining dissolved oxygen and pH at normal levels. Utilizing S. grevilleana in an algal filtration device could potentially provide a sustainable, flexible, and low-cost method of E. coli reduction in freshwater lakes worldwide. Initial results indicate that the use of S. grevilleana in conjunction with an algal filtration device is potentially capable of creating potable water.
CD 4 + T cell – dependent and – independent cytokine-chemokine network changes in the immune responses of HIV-infected individuals

A vital defect in the immune systems of HIV-infected individuals is the loss of CD4+ T cells, resulting in impaired immune responses. We hypothesized that there were CD4+ T cell–dependent and –independent alterations in the immune responses of HIV-1+ individuals. To test this, we analyzed the secretion of cytokines and chemokines from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations from HIV+ donors, healthy donors, and healthy donors with CD4+ T cells experimentally depleted. Multivariate analyses of 16 cytokines and chemokines at 6 and 72 hours after three stimuli (antibody-coated beads to stimulate T cells and R848 or LPS to stimulate innate immune cells) enabled integrative analysis of secreted profiles. Two major effects in HIV+ PBMCs were not reproduced upon depleting CD4+ T cell in healthy PBMCs: (i) HIV+ PBMCs maintained T cell–associated secreted profiles after T cell stimulation; (ii) HIV+ PBMCs showed impaired IFN-γ secretion early after innate stimulation. These changes arose from hyperactive T cells and debilitated natural killer (NK) cell, respectively. Modeling and experiments showed that early IFN-γ secretion predicted later differences in secreted profiles in vitro. This effect was recapitulated in healthy PBMCs by blocking the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor. Thus, we identified a critical deficiency in NK cell responses of HIV-infected individuals, independent of CD4+ T cell depletion, which directs secreted profiles. Our findings Corresponding author. djirvine@mit.edu (D.J.I.); lauffen@mit.edu (D.A.L.). *These authors contributed equally to this work. Author contributions: K.B.A., G.L. S. , D.J.I. , and D.A. L. conceptualized and designed this study; K.B.A. and G.L. S. performed systems analyses; G.L. S. performed all experiments; K.B.A. and G.L. S. prepared the figures; K.B.A., G.L. S. , D.J.I. , and D.A. L. wrote the paper; and G.A. gave expert advice and helped conceptualize the HIV portion of this study. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Sci Signal. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 November 05. Published in final edited form as: Sci Signal. ; 8(399): ra104. doi:10.1126/scisignal.aab0808. A uhor M anscript
EARLINET evaluation of the CATS Level 2 aerosol backscatter coefficient product

Abstract. We present the evaluation activity of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) for the quantitative assessment of the Level 2 aerosol backscatter coefficient product derived by the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS; Rodier et al., 2015). The study employs correlative CATS and EARLINET backscatter measurements within a 50 km distance between the ground station and the ISS overpass and as close in time as possible, typically with the starting time or stopping time of the EARLINET performed measurement time window within 90 min of the ISS overpass, for the period from February 2015 to September 2016. The results demonstrate the good agreement of the CATS Level 2 backscatter coefficient and EARLINET. Three ISS overpasses close to the EARLINET stations of Leipzig, Germany; Évora, Portugal; and Dushanbe, Tajikistan, are analyzed here to demonstrate the performance of the CATS lidar system under different conditions. The results show that under cloud-free, relative homogeneous aerosol conditions, CATS is in good agreement with EARLINET, independent of daytime and nighttime conditions. CATS low negative biases are observed, partially attributed to the deficiency of lidar systems to detect tenuous aerosol layers of backscatter signal below the minimum detection thresholds; these are biases which may lead to systematic deviations and slight underestimations of the total aerosol optical depth (AOD) in climate studies. In addition, CATS misclassification of aerosol layers as clouds, and vice versa, in cases of coexistent and/or adjacent aerosol and cloud features, occasionally leads to non-representative, unrealistic, and cloud-contaminated aerosol profiles. Regarding solar illumination conditions, low negative biases in CATS backscatter coefficient profiles, of the order of 6.1 %, indicate the good nighttime performance of CATS. During daytime, a reduced signal-to-noise ratio by solar background illumination prevents retrievals of weakly scattering atmospheric layers that would otherwise be detectable during nighttime, leading to higher negative biases, of the order of 22.3 %.
Interactive control capability, effective organizational learning and firm perfor-mance: An empirical study of milling and metal industry in Tegal

Article history: Received: July 31 2019 Received in revised format: July 31 2019 Accepted: September 16, 2019 Available online: September 18, 2019 This study seeks to utilize the theoretical literature and empirical studies of human resource management, resourced based view and management control system to derive the concept of interactive control capabilities, in an effort to explore the role of effective organizational learning on the capabilities of technological innovation and company performance. The study places the importance of interactive control capabilities and capabilities of technological innovation as an important element of company performance. The study was conducted in the smelting and metalwork industry in Tegal, since Tegal was nicknamed the innovative Indonesian Japanese whose industries were carried out by skilled hands and simple tools. Amos 24 software was used as a multivariate analysis tool to verify the hypothesis. The research findings verify the correlation between effective organizational learning and the capabilities of technological innovation and company performance by mediating interactive control capabilities. Based on the empirical research findings, the recommendations offered are the concept of interactive control capabilities that play an important role in improving innovative capabilities and business performance. Technological innovation is one of the drivers and fundamental instruments of growth strategy. The involvement of top management which is accompanied by the exchange of interactive information will motivate the learning process in all organizations to avoid uncertainty while ensuring that the information is not manipulated by subordinates, as well as updating strategies. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM PV PENETRATION LEVELS IN LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS USING MONTE CARLO APPROACH

The paper analyses the influence of photovoltaic (PV) system on voltage profile and planning of low voltage (LV) networks. Further integration of PV should not be limited, despite their substantial impact on network performance. This is the reason the network planning methods should be upgraded taking into account the stochastic nature of LV networks and uncertainties regarding future location of PV in the network. Using Monte Carlo method the voltage situation in the future can be assessed and thus results of different voltage management strategies compared.
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTS ON THE AMOUNT AND STABILITY OF GRAIN YIELD IN THE MODERN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS II. EVALUATION OF EACH VARIETY

Cultivars grown at the farmers’ Şelds were selected and tested for three consecutive years at eight locations in Bulgaria, which were representative for the entire territory of the country and had contrasting soil and climatic conditions for crop growing. SigniŞcant variations of grain yield were found among the investigated cultivars regardless of their speciŞc response to the year conditions and the location. The interaction genotype x environments was signiŞcant and high, and was of non-linear type. The changeable environmental conditions caused different reactions of the cultivars, which allowed dividing them into groups according to the plasticity and stability they demonstrated. The variation in this experiment determined through Principal Component Analysis (PCA reached level four, which is comparatively rare for this trait. On the whole, PC1 had low value (49%), while PC2 was high (16%). There were several cultivars with very high PC2 values, exceeding several times the values of their respective PC1. The percent of variation caused by the environment was signiŞcant for grain yield under the conditions of Bulgaria. The investigated cultivars differed not only by grain yield but also by their plasticity and stability under changeable environments, the percent of the genotype effect being about 12 % for the entire experiment. It was found that each cultivar can give high grain yield at high ecological stability regardless of its genetic potential for quality. Best balance between grain yield and stability was found in cultivars Aglika, Demetra, Iveta (Şrst quality group), Galateya, Slaveya (second quality group) and Todora, Kristal and Pryaspa (third quality group)
Effect of time and concentration of nano-Fe foliar application on yield and yield components of wheat.

Iron (Fe) is one of the essential elements for plant growth and plays an important role in the photosynthetic reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations and different application times of Nano-Fe fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative aspects of wheat. A field experiment was carried out at the Research Center Research for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sabzevar, northeastern Iran, during 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of concentration and time of application of Nano-Fe on wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield and yield components with a factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Treatments consisted of 3 application times (tillering, stem elongation and tillering+stem elongation) and 4 Nano-Fe application rates (spraying with concentrations of 0, 2‰, 4‰ and 6 ‰ as corresponding with 0, 2, 4 and 6 kg Fe ha -1 water-soluble Fe (Nano_Fe Chelates). Nano_Fe Chelates used in this study contained 9% Fe, 1% Zn and 1% Mn without ethylene compounds from Khazra Company. Results revealed that the time of application had a significant effect on tillers number, seeds per spike, grain yield, biological yield and thousand grains weight. Foliar application of Fe at tillering+stem elongation and at tillering had 9.17% and 5.19% more grain yield, respectively, compared to foliar application of Fe at stem elongation. Increasing Nano-Fe concentration, increased wheat yield and yield components. In this study, spraying with concentrations of 4‰ produced maximum grain yield, with no significant differences found between 4‰ and 6‰ concentrations. Foliar application of Fe at 2‰, 4‰ and 6‰ produced an increase of 12%, 22.09% and 19.07% grain yield, respectively, over the control.
Business Cycles and the Asset Structure of Foreign Trade

International financial market linkages are widely believed to be important for the international transmission of business cycles, since these govern the extent to which individuals can smooth consumption in the presence of country-specific shocks to income. This paper develops a two-country, general equilibrium model with restricted asset trade and provides a detailed analysis of the channels through which these financial linkages affect international business cycles. Our central finding is that the absence of complete financial integration may not be important if the shocks to national economies are of low persistence, or are transmitted rapidly across countries over time. However, if shocks are highly persistent or are not transmitted internationally, the extent of financial integration is central to the international transmission of business cycles.