Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum: Long-term Shifts in Coral Communities On Shallow to Deep Reef Slopes of Curaçao and Bonaire: Are There Any Winners?

In the original article a correction is described taking into account a possible decrease in carbonate production with decreasing light intensities at greater depths. This correction was eventually not applied to the actual data and does not feature in the results or conclusions. The authors sincerely apologize for this unfortunate error and stress that it does not change the scientific conclusions of this article in any way. Please find below the exact segment, including “Equation (1)” that should be removed from page 4 of the original paper: “Moreover, the ReefBudget method provides calcification rates for shallow reefs between 5m and 10m depth. In order to compensate for the decrease in carbonate production with increasing depth a correction was applied to rates of carbonate production in quadrats at greater depth (Equation 1).
Evaluation of a CdTe spectrally matched c-Si PV reference cell for outdoor applications

Spectrally matched PV reference devices can aid in performance monitoring of PV power plants by improving correlation between measured irradiance and system power output. For example, CdTe reference modules are widely deployed at First Solar power plants to serve as matched reference devices for CdTe installations. However, to complement the use of full-size reference modules, compact spectrally matched PV reference cells may also be desirable, because small form factor cells are more readily cleaned and/or heated by automated systems. Here we have evaluated a CdTe spectrally matched c-Si PV reference cell. The cell was designed with a filter specifically selected to minimize the relative impact of the cell to typical variations in solar spectrum due to atmospheric precipitable water vapor content, which is the most significant factor affecting CdTe spectral mismatch versus c-Si. We review the design of the cell and the filter selection and present evaluation data comparing the cell's performance versus CdTe reference modules under a range of outdoor conditions. The results indicate a good correlation between measurements from the filtered cell versus the CdTe modules under varying spectral content and under both diffuse and direct light. We discuss the potential implications for use in CdTe PV power plant monitoring.
Intestinal trefoil factor in treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in the rat model

Sir, We read with interest the article published by Shi and colleagues w5x who state in their abstract, that intestinal trefoil factor wITFx may provide a new way for the therapy of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in rats. We would like to explain herewith our concerns with this conclusion and also with some missing references which, in our opinion, would better have been discussed. It appears to us that the authors have not thoroughly compiled the field’s recent findings. There are already several lines of evidence which suggest the beneficial effect of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) in animal models of NEC. Mashimo et al. w3x showed an impaired defence of intestinal mucosa in mice lacking TFF3. TFF3-/mice died from extensive colitis after oral administration of dextran sulphate sodium, whereas wild-type mice only exhibited mild epithelial injury. Poulsen et al. w4x studied the effect of luminal and parenteral TFF3 dimer and monomer in dextran induced experimental colitis in the rat. Intracolonic administration of TFF3 dimer improved experimentally induced colitis in rats, whereas the monomer had no effect. Contrary to the results of Shi et al., parenteral administration of TFF peptides aggravated the colitis, especially the TFF3 monomer. Using a different model, Carrasco et al. w2x showed in 1994 that after clamping of mesenterial vessels, the intestinal damage could be abrogated by enteral or subcutaneous administration of TFF3 monomer or dimer.
The Geminga pulsar wind nebula in the mid-infrared and submillimetre

The nearby middle-aged Geminga pulsar has crossed the Galactic plane within the last ∼0.1 Myr. We present archival data from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and from SCUBA and SCUBA-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope to assess whether any midinfrared and submillimetre emission arises from interaction of the pulsar wind nebula with the interstellar medium. A candidate shell and bow shock are reported. Given the low pulsar velocity and local density, dust grains appear able to penetrate into the nebula. A compact source seen towards the pulsar is fitted with a dust spectrum. If confirmed as a real association at higher resolution, this could be a circum-pulsar disc of at least a few Earth-masses, in which future planets could form.
Distance spectra and Distance energy of Integral Circulant Graphs

The distance energy of a graph $G$ is a recently developed energy-type invariant, defined as the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of the distance matrix of $G$. There was a vast research for the pairs and families of non-cospectral graphs having equal distance energy, and most of these constructions were based on the join of graphs. A graph is called circulant if it is Cayley graph on the circulant group, i.e. its adjacency matrix is circulant. A graph is called integral if all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix are integers. Integral circulant graphs play an important role in modeling quantum spin networks supporting the perfect state transfer. In this paper, we characterize the distance spectra of integral circulant graphs and prove that these graphs have integral eigenvalues of distance matrix $D$. Furthermore, we calculate the distance spectra and distance energy of unitary Cayley graphs. In conclusion, we present two families of pairs $(G_1, G_2)$ of integral circulant graphs with equal distance energy -- in the first family $G_1$ is subgraph of $G_2$, while in the second family the diameter of both graphs is three.
Invasive intracranial pressure monitoring is a useful adjunct in the management of severe hepatic encephalopathy associated with pediatric acute liver failure*

Objective: Pediatric acute liver failure is often accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy, cerebral edema, and raised intracranial pressure. Elevated intracranial pressure can be managed more effectively with intracranial monitoring, but acute-liver-failure-associated coagulopathy is often considered a contraindication for invasive monitoring due to risk for intracranial bleeding. We reviewed our experience with use of early intracranial pressure monitoring in acute liver failure in children listed for liver transplantation. Design and Patients: Retrospective review of all intubated pediatric acute liver failure patients with grade III and grade IV encephalopathy requiring intracranial pressure monitoring and evaluated for potential liver transplant who were identified from an institutional liver transplant patient database from 1999 to 2009. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 14 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Their ages ranged from 7 months to 20 yrs. Diagnoses of acute liver failure were infectious (three), drug-induced (seven), autoimmune hepatitis (two), and indeterminate (two). Grade III and IV encephalopathy was seen in ten (71%) and four (29%) patients, respectively. Computed tomography scans before intracranial pressure monitor placement showed cerebral edema in five (35.7%) patients. Before intracranial pressure monitor placement, fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, and activated recombinant factor VIIa were given to all 14 patients, with significant improvement in coagulopathy (p < .04). The initial intracranial pressure ranged from 5 to 50 cm H2O; the intracranial pressure was significantly higher in patients with cerebral edema by computed tomography (p < .05). Eleven of 14 (78%) patients received hypertonic saline, and three (22%) received mannitol for elevated intracranial pressure. Eight of 14 (56%) monitored patients were managed to liver transplant, with 100% surviving neurologically intact. Four of 14 (28%) patients had spontaneous recovery without liver transplant. Two of 14 (14%) patients died due to multiple organ failure before transplant. One patient had a small 9-mm intracranial hemorrhage but survived after receiving a liver transplant. No patient developed intracranial infection. Conclusions: In our series of patients, intracranial pressure monitoring had a low complication rate and was associated with a high survival rate despite severe hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema in the setting of pediatric acute liver failure. In our experience, monitoring of intracranial pressure allowed interventions to treat increased intracranial pressure and provided additional information regarding central nervous system injury before liver transplant. Further study is warranted to confirm if monitoring allows more directed intracranial pressure therapy and improves survival in pediatric acute liver failure.
Mechanism of Entry Determines the Ability of Toxoplasma gondii To Inhibit Macrophage Proinflammatory Cytokine Production

ABSTRACT Macrophages (Mφ) infected with tachyzoites of the opportunistic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii are blocked in production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggering, and this is associated with parasite-induced inhibition of NFκB translocation. Here, we demonstrate a requirement for active invasion in the ability of the parasite to mediate suppression. Neither soluble tachyzoite antigen nor secreted products were suppressive, and heat-inactivated, antibody-coated tachyzoites, which efficiently entered the cell through receptor-mediated uptake, failed to inhibit LPS responses. Cytochalasin D, a drug blocking tachyzoite invasion of, but not adherence to, Mφ, severely curtailed Toxoplasma-induced suppression. In addition, parasite-induced nonresponsiveness, as measured by TNF-α production, was reversed by treating infected cells with the toxoplasmastatic drugs pyrimethamine and 6-thioxanthine prior to LPS stimulation. A divergence in IL-12 and TNF-α responses was found during extended incubation of tachyzoites and Mφ in that 24 h of incubation of infected Mφ resulted in IL-12, but not TNF-α, secretion, and production of the latter cytokine remained suppressed when these cells were subjected to LPS triggering. Our results demonstrate that active invasion and survival of the parasite within the parasitophorous vacuole are required to induce and maintain Mφ cytokine-specific nonresponsiveness to LPS. They also show that the effects of Toxoplasma on IL-12 and TNF-α production are nonidentical, with the parasite exerting a longer-lasting suppression of the latter.
Model to predict mortality in critically ill adults with acute kidney injury.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis is associated with high mortality. Most prognostic tools used to describe case complexity and to project patient outcome lack predictive accuracy when applied in patients with AKI. In this study, we developed an AKI-specific predictive model for 60-day mortality and compared the model to the performance of two generic (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]) scores, and a disease specific (Cleveland Clinic [CCF]) score. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Data from 1122 subjects enrolled in the Veterans Affairs/National Institutes of Health Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study; a multicenter randomized trial of intensive versus less intensive renal support in critically ill patients with AKI conducted between November 2003 and July 2007 at 27 VA- and university-affiliated centers. RESULTS The 60-day mortality was 53%. Twenty-one independent predictors of 60-day mortality were identified. The logistic regression model exhibited good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.85 (0.83 to 0.88), and a derived integer risk score yielded a value of 0.80 (0.77 to 0.83). Existing scoring systems, including APACHE II, SOFA, and CCF, when applied to our cohort, showed relatively poor discrimination, reflected by areas under the ROC curve of 0.68 (0.64 to 0.71), 0.69 (0.66 to 0.73), and 0.65 (0.62 to 0.69), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our new risk model outperformed existing generic and disease-specific scoring systems in predicting 60-day mortality in critically ill patients with AKI. The current model requires external validation before it can be applied to other patient populations.
Radiation‐induced Reductions in Macrophage Recruitment Have Only Slight Effects on Myelin Degeneration in Sectioned Peripheral Nerves of Mice

Macrophage recruitment into the distal nerve stump of the cut or crushed sciatic or saphenous nerves of C57BL/6J mice was reduced by prior whole body irradiation. This procedure was successful in keeping the numbers of cells stained with the mouse macrophage‐specific antibody F4/80 to the levels found in unsectioned nerves. Quantitative image analysis of immunostained sections showed that the rate of loss of myelin basic protein was identical in nerves from irradiated and unirradiated mice up to 5 days but thereafter was slower in macrophage‐deprived nerves. Similar analysis of semithin sections stained with toluidine blue detected more undegenerated myelin in the nerves from irradiated mice 10 days after operation. Quantitative counts made from electron micrographs of the sectioned nerves at 7 days also showed slightly less extensive myelin breakdown in the nerves from irradiated mice. Complete removal of myelin from some Schwann cells can occur without macrophages, but macrophages accelerate the removal of myelin in the later stages of Wallerian degeneration. It is concluded that there are two phases to the breakdown of myelin in peripheral nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration: an initial stage entirely dependent on the activity of Schwann cells and a later stage dependent on both Schwann cells and the presence of macrophages.
Intravenous midazolam for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus

ObjectiveTo determine the usefulness of midazolam as a therapeutic agent for status epilepticus refractory to conventional treatment. DesignRetrospective study. SettingICUs of two university hospitals. PatientsSeven patients with refractory status epilepticus who failed treatment with diazepam, lorazepam, and phenytoin, with or without phenobarbital. All patients received mechanical ventilation before receiving midazolam. InterventionsIntravenous midazolam by bolus administration followed by infusion. Measurements and Main ResultsMidazolam terminated status epilepticus in all patients in >100 sees, as determined by clinical observation (three patients) or electroencephalographic monitoring (four patients). One patient developed mild hypotension. ConclusionsIn this small study, midazolam appears to be an effective and safe alternative to high-dose barbiturate coma for the termination of status epilepticus when conventional agents have failed.
Attachment of the chromosomal terminus of Bacillus subtilis to a fast-sedimenting particle

After gently lysed protoplasts of exponential phase cells of Bacillus subtilis were treated with restriction endonuclease BamHI, 99% of the DNA did not sediment with the plasma membrane. This DNA was fractionated on sucrose gradients into (i) a fast-sedimenting fraction highly enriched for genes from the origin and terminus (purA and ilvA), (ii) a 50 to 100S component also enriched for purA and ilvA, and (iii) the bulk of the DNA. The fast-sedimenting fraction was dissociated by Sarkosyl; this fraction contained a substantial amount of protein and is probably a membrane subparticle. The S value of the 50 to 100S component was not greatly affected by Sarkosyl treatment, but these particles were unable to penetrate an agarose gel during electrophoresis and were retained by nitrocellulose filters. The terminus DNA in the fast-sedimenting fraction and the 50 to 100S component contained a large restriction fragment (1.5 x 10(7) to 2.0 x 10(7) daltons) encoding ilvA, thyB, and ilvD. The bulk of the SP beta prophage and metB, which lie to the right and left, respectively, of the ilvA-ilvD cluster, were not part of the complex. citK, which lies to the right of SP beta, appeared to be present in the fast-sedimenting complexes. The neighboring genes kauA and gltA were not part of the fast-sedimenting complexes. The presence of terminus DNA in the fast-sedimenting components was also demonstrated by a radiochemical method.
SMES strategy to minimize frequency fluctuations of wind generator system

Due to random variations of wind speed, output power of wind generator fluctuates randomly, and consequently fluctuations of power system frequency occur. These frequency fluctuations pose serious problems on the system, for example, lamp flicker and inaccuracy in the timing devices. Therefore, minimization of fluctuations of power system frequency is very important from the viewpoint of power system security. This paper proposes an SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage) strategy for minimization of frequency fluctuations of grid-connected wind generator system. A multi-machine power system consisting of hydroelectric generators, diesel generators and a fixed speed wind generator is considered. The performance of SMES is evaluated in detail considering different load demands and energy capacities of SMES. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SMES is a very effective means of minimization of frequency fluctuations of power system including wind generator. Also, the proposed SMES can well smooth the transmission line power. Moreover, it is seen that the SMES with larger energy capacity is better from the viewpoint of fluctuations minimization. However, to reduce the installation cost, the SMES size should be selected such that it is a tradeoff between higher cost and better performance.
Supplemental oxygen and hyperbaric treatment at high altitude: cardiac and respiratory response.

INTRODUCTION The most effective treatment for high altitude sickness is prompt descent. However, rapid descent is sometimes impossible and alternative solutions are desirable. Supplemental oxygen at ambient pressure and hyperbaric oxygen in a hyperbaric tent have both been demonstrated to improve symptoms and increase arterial oxygenation (SaO2) in those with high altitude sickness; however, their use in combination has not previously been described in a controlled study. METHODS AND RESULTS In this feasibility study, the SaO2 of six healthy, well-acclimatized participants rose from 76.5 to 97.5% at 4900 m and 72.5 to 96.0% at 5700 m following the administration of oxygen via a nasal demand circuit (33 ml of oxygen per pulse) inside a hyperbaric tent (107 mmHg above ambient barometric pressure) (p < 0.05). This contrasted with an increase in SaO2 to 89.5% at 4900 m and 86.3% at 5700 m with only supplemental oxygen and an increase in SaO2 to 92.8% (4900 m) and 90.5% (5700 m) with only hyperbaric exposure. In addition, combining treatments also resulted in an increase in tidal volume (29.0 and 31.0%) and minute ventilation (12.0 and 23.0%) together with a fall in heart rate (15.0 and 17.0%) at 4900 and 5700 m, respectively. No significant differences in heart rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, SaO2, or respiratory rate were seen when hyperbaric treatment and supplemental oxygen were directly compared. CONCLUSIONS In healthy, well-acclimatized subjects the combination of hyperbaric exposure and supplemental oxygen has a noteworthy effect on physiological parameters at high altitude. Awareness of this knowledge may enhance the treatment of patients with life-threatening high altitude sickness.
A simple and fast frequency domain analysis method for calculating the frequency response and linearity of electro-optic microring modulators

A fast and simple frequency domain method is introduced for the analysis of microring modulator response using the Jacobi Anger expansion method. Resonance frequency modulated microring (FMMR) modulators and coupling modulated microring modulators (CMMR) are analyzed using this method. The linearity of these modulators is analyzed. The third order intercept point (IP3) is calculated for CMMR devices and compared to Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulator devices. It is shown that CMMR devices can achieve a 12dB higher IP3 compared to MZI devices. CMMR devices have high second order nonlinearity, while MZI devices second order nonlinearity is zero. A novel geometry based on dual CMMR modulators is introduced to improve the second order nonlinearity of CMMR modulators.
The effects of gabapentin on acute and chronic postoperative pain after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of perioperative gabapentin on postoperative acute and chronic pain after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with median sternotomy and internal mammary artery harvesting. DESIGN A double-blind randomized clinical study. SETTING A single-academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients with ischemic heart disease who were scheduled to undergo CABG surgery. INTERVENTIONS Forty patients were allocated randomly into 2 groups; the gabapentin group (n = 20) received 1.2 g/d of oral gabapentin before and for 2 days after surgery, and the placebo group (n = 20) received a placebo capsule instead. The primary outcome was to evaluate the effects of gabapentin on acute and chronic pain after surgery. The postoperative evaluation included the assessment of pain at rest and when coughing, intravenous tramadol usage, postoperative morbidities, and side effects of gabapentin. Postoperative analgesia at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours after extubation and at discharge was evaluated with the visual analog scale. The assessment of postoperative pain at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups was performed using a numeric rating scale. MAIN RESULTS Postoperative pain scores at 1, 2, and 3 days were significantly lower in the gabapentin group when compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). Pain scores at 1 and 3 months postoperatively were lower in the gabapentin group than in the placebo group (p > 0.05). Consumption of intravenous tramadol given as rescue analgesic within 24 hours after extubation in the gabapentin group was 99.0 ± 53.8 mg versus 149.4 ± 72.5 mg in the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the incidence of side effects and time to extubation between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Gabapentin significantly reduced the intensity of pain and tramadol consumption in the early postoperative period after CABG surgery. Pain scores at 1 and 3 months after surgery were low in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups.
An extensive electrostatic analysis of dual material gate all around tunnel FET (DMGAA-TFET)

In the proposed work an analytical model of a p-channel dual material gate all around tunnel FET (DMGAA-TFET) is presented and its performance is compared with the conventional GAA-TFET. The electrostatic potential profile of the model is obtained using 2-D Laplace’s solution in the cylindrical coordinate system. A quantitative study of the drain current has been carried out using electric field in the z-axis and tunneling path. However the potential and current analysis is prolonged to different combinations of gate length in the DMGAA-TFET model. The results show an improvement in drain current and subthreshold swing as compared to GAA-TFET, which makes this model a potential replacement for low power application. Also the effect of scaling of the gate oxide thickness and cylindrical pillar diameter on the surface potential, initial tunneling point and tunneling current are analyzed.