Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Induces Protein Kinase C-mediated Activation Loop Phosphorylation and Nuclear Redistribution of Protein Kinase D*

Oxidative stress induced by cell treatments with H2O2 activates protein kinase D (PKD) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent signal transduction pathway (Waldron, R. T., and Rozengurt, E. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 17114–17121). Here we show that oxidative stress induces PKC-dependent activation loop Ser744 and Ser748 phosphorylation to mediate dose- and time-dependent activation of PKD, both endogenously expressed in Swiss 3T3 cells and stably overexpressed in Swiss 3T3-GFP.PKD cells. Although oxidative stress induced PKD activation loop phosphorylation and activation with identical kinetics, both were dose-dependently blocked by preincubation of cells with selective inhibitors of PKC (GF109203X and Gö6983) or c-Src (PP2). Inhibition of Src tyrosine kinase activity eliminated oxidative stress-induced direct PKD tyrosine phosphorylation, but only partially attenuated activation loop phosphorylation and activation. Mutation of a putative tyrosine phosphorylation site on PKD, Tyr469 to phenylalanine, had no effect on its activation by oxidative stress in transfected COS-7 cells. Similarly, a mutant with Tyr469 replaced by aspartic acid had increased basal activity but was also further activated by oxidative stress. Thus, PKD tyrosine phosphorylation at this site neither produced full activation by itself nor was required for oxidative stress-induced activation mediated by activation loop phosphorylation. In addition to PKD activation, activation loop phosphorylation in response to oxidative stress also redistributed activated PKD to cell nuclei, as revealed by PKD indirect immunofluorescence, imaging of a PKD-green fluorescent protein fusion construct (GFP-PKD), and analysis of nuclear pellets. Cell preincubation with Gö6983 strongly diminished H2O2-induced nuclear relocalization of GFP-PKD. Taken together, these results indicate that PKC-mediated PKD Ser744 and Ser748 phosphorylation induced by oxidative stress integrates PKD activation with redistribution to the nucleus.
Relationships between the degree of Helicobacter pylori colonisation and the degree and activity of gastritis, surface epithelial degeneration and mucus secretion.

This study investigates the question as to whether, in Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) gastritis, any statistically significant relationships are to be found between the following histological parameters: degree of H.p. colonisation, the degree and activity of gastritis, degree of replacement of the foveolar epithelium by regenerating epithelium, and degree of mucus depletion. Forceps biopsy material obtained from 240 patients with NUD and H.p. gastritis (3 specimens from the antrum, 2 from the corpus) were investigated. The 5 histological parameters employed were graduated semiquantitatively as follows: 0 = normal findings, 1 = minimal, 2 = low-grade, 3 = medium-grade, 4 = high-grade. The evaluation showed that the degree and activity of gastritis, the degree of replacement of foveolar epithelium by regenerating epithelial cells, and the degree of mucus depletion are dependent upon the degree of H.p. colonisation (p < 0.0001). The gastritis parameters were more marked in the antrum than in the corpus. The intercorrelations were highly significant for all five parameters investigated, both in the antrum and corpus (p < 0.0001). On the basis of these results it is concluded that for the histological assessment of H.p. gastritis, in addition to H.p. colonisation, and the degree and activity of gastritis, but also the state of the foveolar epithelium and the mucus production of these epithelial cells should be considered.
Ultraviolet radiation-induced cataract in mice: the effect of age and the potential biochemical mechanism.

PURPOSE To study the effect of age on the morphologic and biochemical alterations induced by in vivo exposure of ultraviolet radiation (UV). METHODS Young and old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to broadband UVB+UVA and euthanized after 2 days. Another batch of UV-exposed young mice was monitored for changes after 1, 2, 4, and 8 days. Age-matched nonexposed mice served as controls. Lens changes were documented in vivo by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and dark field microscopy photographs ex vivo. Lens homogenates were analyzed for glutathione (GSH) level, and the activities of thioredoxin (Trx), thioltransferase (TTase), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD). Glutathionylated lens proteins (PSSGs) were detected by immunoblotting using GSH antibody. Western blot analysis was also done for the expression levels of TTase and Trx. RESULTS Both age groups developed epithelial and superficial anterior subcapsular cataract at 2 days postexposure. The lens GSH level and G3PD activity were decreased, and PSSGs were elevated in both age groups, but more prominent in the older mice. TTase and Trx activity and protein expression were elevated only in the young mice. Interestingly, lens TTase and Trx in the young mice showed a transient increase, peaking at 2 days after UV exposure and returning to baseline at day 8, corroborated by lens transparency. CONCLUSIONS The lenses of old mice were more susceptible to UV radiation-induced cataract. The upregulated TTase and Trx likely provided oxidation damage repair in the young mice.
Effects of School-Based Physical Activity Program on Students' Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Perceptions of Physical Competence.

BACKGROUND The study examined the effects of school-based program on students' self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity and physical competence, and associated links to gender, grade, body mass index, and physical education assessments. METHODS Participants were 240 middle school students (143 intervention, 97 control) from 3 small cities in North-East Finland. The intervention group received task-involving climate support in physical education classes and additional physical activities during school days across 1 year. RESULTS The intervention group's physical competence increased, whereas the control group's competence remained stable across the period. However, physical activity levels were stable in both groups. The findings also showed that body mass index was negatively associated with physical competence and activity in the intervention group at the follow-up measure. Physical education assessments were positively related with only the baseline scores of physical competence in the intervention group. In contrast, the assessments had positive relationships with physical competence and activity of control group students. CONCLUSIONS The present program was an effective protocol to increase student's perceptions of physical competence. Since the quantity of school physical education including recess activities cannot be dramatically increased, positive learning experiences should be provided, and thus, support perceptions of physical competence.
Evidence for the involvement of GPR40 and NADPH oxidase in palmitic acid-induced superoxide production and insulin secretion

G protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex have been shown to be involved in the fatty acid amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The effect of palmitic acid on superoxide production and insulin secretion by INS-1E cells and the possible involvement of GPR40 and NADPH oxidase in these processes were examined in this study. Cells were incubated during 1 h with palmitic acid in low and high glucose concentrations, a GPR40 agonist (GW9508) and inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium, DPI) and PKC (calphostin C). GW9508 induced superoxide production at 2.8 and 5.6 mM glucose concentrations and stimulated insulin secretion at 16.7 mM glucose concentration involving both PKC and NADPH oxidase activation. Palmitic acid induced superoxide production through NADPH oxidase and GPR40-dependent pathways and the stimulation of insulin secretion in the presence of a high glucose concentration was reduced by knockdown of GPR40 using siRNA. Our results suggest that palmitic acid induces superoxide production and potentiates GSIS through NADPH oxidase and GPR40 pathways in pancreatic β cells.
Glyoxalase System and Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification System in Plant Abiotic Stress Response and Tolerance: An Intimate Relationship

Plants are sessile and sensitive organisms that inevitably encounter a variety of abiotic stresses in nature. Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, heavy metal toxicity and extreme temperatures are critical factors that reduce crop yields by more than 50% worldwide (Wang et al., 2003). The scenario is even more aggravated by the predicted forthcoming global changes in climate, foreseen extremization of environmental conditions, continuous increase of world population, ever-increasing deterioration of arable land, and scarcity of fresh water, all underscoring the importance of developing stress-resistant crops that are able to sustain growth and productivity in stressful environments. Plants tolerate abiotic stresses by modulating multiple genes and by coordinating the action of various genes from different pathways or systems (Sasaki-Sekimoto et al., 2005; Ahuja et al., 2010). During the past few years, the complex interrelationship of biochemical pathways that changes during stress has become appreciated, although we are far from understanding this complexity. A thorough understanding of biochemical and molecular responses of plants to various abiotic stresses and the interaction of different molecular pathways is, therefore, essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanisms under stressful conditions. The regulatory roles of the glyoxalase system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification systems in plant abiotic stress tolerance have increasingly attracted much interest because excessive production of ROS and methylglyoxal (MG) is a common consequence of both abiotic and biotic stresses in plants (Veena et al., 1999; Chen et al., 2004; Yadav et al., 2005a, 2005b; Singla-Pareek et al., 2006; Hossain & Fujita, 2009, 2010; Banu et al., 2010; El-Shabrawi et al., 2010; Hossain et al., 2009, 2010, 2011). ROS and MG are highly toxic to plant cells, and in the absence of adequate protective mechanisms, they can react with proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and inactivate the vital defense system leading to irreparable metabolic dysfunction and death. Plants have a complex network of enzymatic
Characterization of Hydrogenase II from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and Assessment of Its Role in Sulfur Reduction

ABSTRACT The fermentative hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosuscontains an NADPH-utilizing, heterotetrameric (αβγδ), cytoplasmic hydrogenase (hydrogenase I) that catalyzes both H2 production and the reduction of elemental sulfur to H2S. Herein is described the purification of a second enzyme of this type, hydrogenase II, from the same organism. Hydrogenase II has an Mr of 320,000 ± 20,000 and contains four different subunits withMrs of 52,000 (α), 39,000 (β), 30,000 (γ), and 24,000 (δ). The heterotetramer contained Ni (0.9 ± 0.1 atom/mol), Fe (21 ± 1.6 atoms/mol), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) (0.83 ± 0.1 mol/mol). NADPH and NADH were equally efficient as electron donors for H2 production withKm values near 70 μM andkcat/Km values near 350 min−1 mM−1. In contrast to hydrogenase I, hydrogenase II catalyzed the H2-dependent reduction of NAD (Km, 128 μM;kcat/Km, 770 min−1 mM−1). Ferredoxin from P. furiosus was not an efficient electron carrier for either enzyme. Both H2 and NADPH served as electron donors for the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) and polysulfide by hydrogenase I and hydrogenase II, and both enzymes preferentially reduce polysulfide to sulfide rather than protons to H2using NADPH as the electron donor. At least two [4Fe-4S] and one [2Fe-2S] cluster were detected in hydrogenase II by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, but amino acid sequence analyses indicated a total of five [4Fe-4S] clusters (two in the β subunit and three in the δ subunit) and one [2Fe-2S] cluster (in the γ subunit), as well as two putative nucleotide-binding sites in the γ subunit which are thought to bind FAD and NAD(P)(H). The amino acid sequences of the four subunits of hydrogenase II showed between 55 and 63% similarity to those of hydrogenase I. The two enzymes are present in the cytoplasm at approximately the same concentration. Hydrogenase II may become physiologically relevant at low S0concentrations since it has a higher affinity than hydrogenase I for both S0 and polysulfide.
Two-dimensional Analytical Drain Current Model for Multilayered-Gate Material Engineered Trapezoidal Recessed Channel ( MLGME-TRC ) MOSFET : a Novel Design

In this paper, for the first time, a two-dimensiona l (2D) analytical drain current model for sub-100 nm multi-layered gate material engineered trapezoidal recessed chann el (MLGMETRC) MOSFET: a novel design is presented and invest igated using ATLAS and DEVEDIT device simulators, to mitigate th e large gate leakages and increased standby power consumption th at arise due to continued scaling of SiO2-based gate dielectrics. T he twodimensional (2D) analytical model based on solution of Poisson’s equation in cylindrical coordinates, utilizing the cylindrical approximation, has been developed which evaluate th e surface potential, electric field, drain current, switching metric: ION/IOFF ratio and transconductance for the proposed design. A good agreement between the model predictions and device simulation results is obtained, verifying the accuracy of the proposed analytical model. Keywords—ATLAS, DEVEDIT, NJD, MLGMETRC MOSFET.
Object-oriented stereo-image digital watermarking

We present an object-oriented method for watermarking stereo images. Since stereo images are characterized by the perception of depth, the watermarking scheme we propose relies on the extraction of a depth map from the stereo pairs to embed the mark. The watermark embedding is performed in the wavelet domain using the quantization index modulation method. Experimental results show that the proposed method is a semifragile one that is robust toward JPEG and JPEG2000 compression and fragile with respect to other signal manipulations.
p-Type ${\hbox{Cu}}_{x}{\hbox{O}}$  Films Deposited at Room Temperature for Thin-Film Transistors

Thin-films of copper oxide (Cu<i>x</i>O) were sputtered from a metallic copper (Cu) target and studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure (O<sub>PP</sub>). A metallic Cu film with cubic structure obtained from 0% O<sub>PP</sub> has been transformed to cubic Cu<sub>2</sub>O phase for the increase in O<sub>PP</sub> to 9% but then changed to monoclinic CuO phase (for O<sub>PP</sub> ≥ 25%). The variation in crystallite size (calculated from x-ray diffraction data) was further substantiated by the variation in grain size (surface microstructures). The Cu<i>x</i>O films produced with O<sub>PP</sub> ranging between 9% and 75% showed p-type behavior, which were successfully applied to produce thin-film transistors.
Canonic Realizations of Voltage-Controlled Floating Inductors Using CFOAs and Analog Multipliers

New voltage-controlled floating inductors employing CFOAs and an analog multiplier have been presented which have the attractive features of using a canonic number of passive components (only two resistors and a capacitor) and not requiring any component-matching conditions and design constraints for the intended type of inductance realization. The workability and applications of the new circuits have been demonstrated by SPICE simulation and hardware experimental results based upon AD844-type CFOAs and AD633-type/MPY534 type analog multipliers.
Diesel engine optimisation, with emissions constraints, on a prescribed driving route

A method for evaluating driving technique and engine operation, with emissions constraints, on a real driving route, is presented. A single degree of freedom vehicle model with simple resistive forces is driven along the pre-planned route. Instead of the velocity trajectory being determined a priori, the optimisation can choose the optimal speed along the route as well as the engine operating point. When constraints on the total emissions are imposed, the engine no longer operates on the minimum fuel locus; the power delivery changes as the emissions constraints are tightened. The driving technique changes from a series of bang-bang switches, into a smoother application of the engine power. The route is driven in the absence of stops and traffic restrictions.
Dative and genitive variability in Late Modern English: Exploring cross-constructional variation and change

We present a cross-constructional approach to the history of the genitive alternation and the dative alternation in Late Modern English (AD 1650 to AD 1999), drawing on richly annotated datasets and modern statistical modeling techniques. We identify cross-constructional similarities in the development of the genitive and the dative alternation over time (mainly with regard to the loosening of the animacy constraint), a development which parallels distributional changes in animacy categories in the corpus material. Theoretically, we transfer the notion of ‘probabilistic grammar’ to historical data and claim that the corpus models presented reflect past speakers’ knowledge about the distribution of genitive and dative variants. The historical data also helps to determine what is constant (and timeless) in the effect of selected factors such as animacy or length, and what is variant.
Contribution à l'optimisation du rendement d'électroluminescence des LED de puissance : décorrélation des différentes composantes du rendement

Ce travail de these, realise au sein du CEA-LETI, consiste en la decorrelation des differents mecanismes ayant lieu dans une LED a base de GaN par voie de simulation numerique et de caracterisation experimentale. Dans les chapitres 1 et 2, les theories des differents mecanismes presents dans une diode/LED sont decrites. Dans le chapitre 3, la simulation numerique d’une structure LED VTF ("vertical thin film" en langue anglaise) determine les mecanismes predominants dans les differentes gammes de tension. Une etude parametrique s’ensuit afin d’evaluer les interactions entre les mecanismes.Dans le chapitre 4, les simulations sont effectuees en ajoutant un modele de dependance des mobilites des porteurs au champ electrique. En presence de ce modele, les caracteristiques electro-optiques simulees tendent vers les caracteristiques reelles a haute tension.Les resultats des mesures de vitesse des porteurs dans le GaN-p sont egalement reportes dans le chapitre 4. En utilisant un motif d’echantillon specifique et la methode de mesure quatre points, les resultats suggerent une tendance a saturer de la vitesse des porteurs, ou une tendance a decroitre de la mobilite, a fort champ electrique. Ces resultats renforcent l’hypothese de simulation utilisee dans le chapitre 4.Les simulations presentees dans les chapitres 3 et 4 permettent de proposer un schema equivalent d’une LED en decorrelant les differents mecanismes et en ne gardant que les mecanismes dominants. Ce schema equivalent permettrait, par exemple, a identifier les differents regimes dans une caracteristique electrique d’une LED reelle afin de proceder des ameliorations du fonctionnement de la LED.Le chapitre 5 presente une etude par electroluminescence pulsee, une methode de caracterisation frequentielle, sur des LED commerciales. L’etude des temps de montee et de descente des signaux electro-optiques, ainsi que l’etude de duree de vie differentielle des porteurs de charge dans une LED, fourniraient des informations supplementaires concernant l’injection des porteurs dans la LED.
An associated classification of triple negative breast cancer: the risk of relapse and the response to chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is heterogeneous and considered as an aggressive tumor. This study was to evaluate the associated classification and its correlations with prognosis and the response to chemotherapy in Chinese women. METHODS Four hundred and twenty-eight cases of invasive TNBC were involved in this study. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), Ki67 and p53 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and compared with patient outcome, and its implications and chemotherapy response were evaluated in four subgroups: typical medullary carcinoma (TMC), atypical medullary carcinoma (AMC), non-specific invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and other types. RESULTS The factors of tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node status, EGFR/CK5/6 status and p53 labeling index were different among the groups. TMC tumors had the lowest rate of relapse (5.8%), while AMC, IDC and other types were associated with an increased risk of relapse (19.1%, 26.7% and 38.2% respectively). Many factors were risk predictors of relapse for TNBC and IDC, while only positive lymph node was for AMC. For MC tumors, adjunctive chemotherapy decreased the risk of relapse in lymph node positive subgroup (36.8% and 66.7%), while not significant in lymph node negative one (8.1% and 10.0%). CONCLUSION The classification based on histologic and IHC findings may be a significant improvement in predicting outcome in TNBC. The different chemotherapy response in subgroups may contribute to guiding the treatment of TNBC.
The effect of varied functional biointerfaces on the sensitivity of silicon nanowire MOSFET

A biocompatible and functional interface can improve medical applications of bioelectronic. Here, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used to modify the surface of silicon nanowire (NW) -MOSFETs. AFM and electrical pH sensing verified which monolayer was capable of performing better electrical signal for subsequent immobilization of biomolecule. APTMS-SAM modified NW-MOSFETs showed more uniform modification on NW-MOSFETs and better electrical response to pH sensing. Biomolecule, such as antibody against prostate-specific antigen (anti-PSA), immobilized on APTMS-SAM modified NW-MOSFETs also successfully sensed those corresponding antigens in electrical measurement system. It elucidated that the suitable surface modification would profoundly affect the sensing response and sensitivity.
Small Neural Networks can Denoise Image Textures Well: a Useful Complement to BM3D

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in deep neural networks fueled by their successful applications in numerous image processing and computer vision tasks. However, such applications typically come with huge computational loads. In this article, we explore the possibility of using small neural networks to denoise images. In particular, we present SSaNN (Self-Similarity and Neural Networks), a denoising algorithm which combines the strength of BM3D on large-scale structured patterns with that of neural networks on small-scale texture content. This algorithm is able to produce a better overall recovery than both BM3D and small neural networks.