Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the reactions ofCF3O2 with OH, HO2 andH

The kinetics of the reactions: CF 3 O 2 +OH→products (1), CF 3 O 2 +HO 2 →products (2) and CF 3 O 2 +H→CF 3 O+OH (3), have been investigated using a discharge fast-flow tube, at T=296±1 K and P=ca. 2 Torr. Two detection systems were used: laser-induced fluorescence of NO 2 produced from the titration of CF 3 O 2 with NO, and resonance fluorescence of OH. The rate constants (in cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 ) were found to be, k 1 =(4.0±0.6)×10 -11 , k 2 ⩽3×10 -12 and k 3 =(1.1±0.3)×10 - 10 . Experimental evidence suggests that the likely products of the reaction of CF 3 O 2 with OH are HO 2 and CF 3 O.
Water-dispersible near-infrared Ag2S nanoclusters with tunable fluorescence for bioimaging application

Water-dispersed NIR-emitting ultrasmall-sized Ag2S nanoclusters (NCs) are prepared directly in the aqueous phase via a facile one-step microwave synthesis. Through fine adjustment of the experimental conditions, Ag2S NCs with tunable multicolor emission are successfully realized from the visible region to the NIR region. The resultant Ag2S NCs are promising biological probes for cellular imaging.
Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Growing Culture of Leuconostoc Mesenteroides :Part IV. Oligosaccharide Formation in the Presence of Various Types of Glucobioses as Acceptors

With all glucobioses (eleven types) as acceptors, Leuconostoc mesenteroides (NRRL B-512) was grown on a sucrose medium. The trisaccharides produced were analyzed for their yields, and the trisaccharide structures were determined after separation on a column.The yield of the tri- and higher-saccharides indicated that isomaltose (28%) was the most efficient acceptor and maltose (24%) was next. With the other eight glucobioses, oligosaccharides were obtained in 3~15% yield. Among these sugars, α,β-trehalose (15%) and β,β-trehalose (11%) were efficient acceptors next to maltose, but α,α-trehalose was inert.In every case, except for cellobiose, α-glucosyl transfer occurred to the position 6 of non-reducing moiety of glucobiose.The sugars produced contained five new trisaccharides which were isolated as pure compounds.
Production of Anthracene (C14H10) Clusters using Cold Aerodynamic Source (CAS) and Verification of the Products via Time of Flight Spectroscopy

Molecular cluster is a nanoparticle that is defined as an agglomerate of few up to 106-7 of molecules (corresponding to 1- 100 nm in size) that can be manipulated by the cluster beams. Molecular cluster properties typically lie between the individual molecule and bulk matter properties. This work describes the employment of the Cold Aerodynamic Source (CAS) to produce a narrow, collimated and isolated beam of molecular clusters in gas phase and to prepare it for the spectroscopic studies. CAS was constructed in the University of Gothenburg in Sweden by Sasa Vuckovic as part of his PhD thesis to produce different types of cluster beams. CAS consists of an aggregation chamber, an aerodynamic lens system and an expansion chamber. The presence of helium carrier gas, which is mixed with the gas of the anthracene (C14H10) (produced by resistive heating of the solid anthracene) at low operating pressure that reaches 10 mbar, induces the anthracene molecules to bind together through lowering their internal energy as well as preventing them from sticking to the walls of the source and producing different sizes of anthracene clusters. The 10 mbar inlet pressure for the gas mixture (anthracene clusters - helium) enters the aerodynamic lens system (ALS) consisting of five thin orifices allowing specific sizes of anthracene clusters (C14H10)n to focus near the symmetry axis of the device. A highly collimated beam of anthracene clusters for a spectroscopic study was prepared through expanding the gas mixture through the nozzle into an evacuated chamber. The helium gas was skimmed from the beam by a skimmer, which is located at 5mm apart from the nozzle. The simulation software "FLUENT 6.2. 22" has been utilized to examine the ALS performance and showed that particles with sizes below 30 nm could be focused. Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been used in this work to characterize the beam through identifying the beam components according to their times of the flight which were absolutely proportional to the square root of their mass-to-charge ratio.
Umbrella‐sampling realization of ‘‘Widom’’ chemical potential estimation

The ‘‘Widom’’ or ‘‘test‐particle’’ technique for the computational estimation of excess chemical potentials of model fluids has been very useful at low and moderate densities. However, as usually implemented, it becomes inefficient and eventually unreliable on going to high densities, due to inadequate sampling. This article describes a straightforward solution to this problem by the use of ‘‘umbrella sampling’’ to ensure that all parts of phase space relevant to the estimation are included. The method is illustrated by application to the Lennard‐Jones system at kT/e=1.2 and at various densities up to ρσ3=0.9.
COMP9243 — Lecture 12 (20T3)

Middleware consists of a layer of services added between those of a regular network OS and the actual applications. These services facilitate the implementation of distributed applications and attempt to hide the heterogeneity of the underlying system architectures (both hardware and software). Middleware is usually based on a particular paradigm, or model, for describing distribution and communication. Providing such a paradigm automatically provides an abstraction for programmers to follow, and provides direction for how to design and set up the distributed applications. Recall from the first lecture that there are several advantages and disadvantages to the middleware approach. The greatest advantage is that it runs in user space and can provide independence from OS, network protocol, programming language, etc. Unfortunately, this independence means that a lot of standard OS services must be reimplemented by the middleware, leading to an overabundance of features and bloat. One direction that current middleware is taking is to increase flexibility (and reduce bloat) by focusing on adaptation and reflection. The most popular (and widely used) middleware abstraction is that of distributed objects. Besides distributed objects, other abstractions include RPC, transaction processing, message passing, events, shared data spaces, and web services. In this lecture we focus on distributed object-based middleware, message-oriented middleware, and (event-based) publish/subscribe middleware.
Thermodynamic properties of moisture adsorption of whole wheat flour. Calculation of net isosteric heat

Summary The moisture sorption isotherms of whole wheat flour were determined at 10, 20 and 30 °C over a relative humidity range of 10–90%. Two models were applied to the sorption experimental data: the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) and the Caurie models. The goodness of fit of the mathematical models was statistically evaluated by means of the root mean square per cent error (%RMS), obtaining values between 1.44 and 1.05 for GAB, and between 2.69 and 2.57 for the Caurie model. Hence, both models provided a good fit to the experimental data. The isosteric heat of sorption was calculated using two methods: the Clausius–Clapeyron expression and the Caurie equations, showing in both cases maximum values (11.03 and 12.39 kJ mol−1, respectively) when moisture content was minimum (2.5 g H2O per 100 g dry matter), and gradually diminishing to the value of the heat of vaporisation of pure water when moisture content reached a maximum value.
Electrical cell manipulation in microfluidic systems

This dissertation reports on the development of devices and concepts for electrical and microfluidic cell manipulation. In the present context, the term cell manipulation stands for both cell handling and cell modification. The combination of microfluidic channels with micropatterned electrodes allows for the definition of highly localised chemical and electrical environments with spatial resolution comparable to the size of a cell. The devices fabricated in the frame of this thesis employ dielectrophoretic particle handling schemes such as deflection and trapping in pressure-controlled laminar flows to bring cells to – or immobilise them at – locations where cell altering electric fields or chemicals are present. The two concepts of dielectrophoretic cell dipping and cell immersion are introduced and experimentally shown for erythrocytes dipped into Rhodamine in flow, and for individually immobilised Jurkat cells immersed by Trypan Blue. Also, in-situ membrane breakdown in high intensity AC electric fields is optically assessed by efflux of haemoglobin (haemolysis) and by influx of nucleic stains or fluorescence-enhancing ions. The most advanced experiments are on-chip medium exchange followed immediately by electropermeablisation or electrodeformation. The majority of assays presented in this thesis are carried out in microfabricated glass-polymer-glass chips featuring top-bottom electrodes. The devices are fluidically controlled by external gas pressure bridging circuits. Experimental evidence of the unmatched precision of pressure bridging is given in the case of micrometric xy positioning of cells at the intersection of two perpendicular microfluidic channels. Further shown in this document are two methods of optical in-situ temperature measurements, important for bioinstrument characterisation. The two concepts of thermoquenching of a fluorescent dye and the original thermoprecipitation of "smart polymers" are used. The last part of this work deals with the innovative, conceptual engineering tool Liquid Electrode. The general concept and its advantages over solid-state electrodes are given, followed by numerical particle tracking in the case of the novel lateral nDEP particle deflection. The chapter on liquid electrodes concludes with preliminary experimental results of buffer swapping of cells in flow and of AC electropermeabilisation of erythrocytes at frequencies far below the cut-off frequency of corresponding solid-state microelectrodes.
Ab initio calculations of the fundamental OH frequency of bound OH- ions

In contrast to the OH stretching frequencies of bound H2O molecules, which are always found at lower wave numbers compared to the free molecule, the experimentally determined frequency of the OH− ion can be either lower or higher than the free‐ion value. Optimized geometries and fundamental stretching frequency of OH− have been calculated here by ab initio methods at the Hartree–Fock and second‐order Mo/ller–Plesset levels for a number of cation–OH−, HOH⋅⋅⋅OH−, cation–OH−⋅q−, and cation–OH−⋅OH2 complexes for Li+, Mg2+, and Al3+. The importance of electrostatic effects on the OH− frequency has been assessed by comparison with calculations of different point‐charge and homogenous‐field OH− systems. As long as the interaction is not dominated by electronic overlap, the frequency shift is found to be largely determined by electrostatic forces: with increasing field strength the OH− frequency rises to a maximum and then decreases. The OH− dipole moment and Mulliken charges vary monotonically with the field str.
Spatial Analysis of Climate in Winegrape Growing Regions in the Western United States

Knowledge of the spatial variation in temperature in wine regions provides the basis for evaluating the general suitability for viticulture, allows for comparisons between wine regions, and offers growers a measure of assessing appropriate cultivars and sites. However, while tremendous advances have occurred in spatial climate data products, these have not been used to examine climate and suitability for viticulture in the western United States. This research spatially maps the climate in American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) throughout California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho using the 1971–2000 PRISM 400 m resolution climate grids, assessing the statistical properties of four climate indices used to characterize suitability for viticulture: growing degree-days (GDD, or Winkler index, WI), the Huglin index (HI), the biologically effective degree-day index (BEDD), and average growing season temperatures (GST). The results show that the spatial variability of climate within AVAs can be significant, with some regions representing as many as five climate classes suitable for viticulture. Compared to static climate station data, documenting the spatial distribution of climate provides a more holistic measure of understanding the range of cultivar suitability within AVAs. Furthermore, results reveal that GST and GDD are functionally identical but that GST is easier to calculate and overcomes many methodological issues that occur with GDD. The HI and BEDD indices capture the known AVA-wide suitability but need to be further validated in the western U.S. Additionally, the research underscores the necessity for researchers, software developers, and others to clearly communicate the data time period and method of calculating GDD so that results can be correctly interpreted and compared.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF POLYPHENOL EXTRACTS OF MYRTUS COMMUNIS LEAVES

Myrtus communis have been used as a traditionally for the treatment of disorders such as diarrhea, peptic ulcer, hemorrhoid, inflammation, pulmonary and skin diseases. The aim of this study was to determine of total phenolic content, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of polyphenol extracts from M. communis leaves. Well diffusion assay was used to test antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DPPH radical scavenging activity assay was used to evaluate their antioxidant activity. FTIR and HPLC techniques were used to identify polyphenol compounds in extracts. Total phenol content of plant leaves extract were at 42.12, 94.08 and 189 mg of GAE/g in (0.1, 0.5 and 1) mg/ml of extracts. Polyphenol extract from the tissue culture exhibited significant at P value < 0.05 inhibition against pathogenic bacteria. Polyphenol extract of the study have high level 90.17% with significant at P value < 0.05 of antioxidant activities compared with ascorbic acid at 97.32% at 0.12 mg/ml of concentration. FTIR analysis of polyphenol fraction of the M. communis identified functional groups such a phenolic– OH group stretching, C-H stretching, Aromatic C=C and Aliphatic C–O in this fraction. HPLC results of extract showed specific phenolic compounds. It could be concluded that the polyphenol of the part of the plant had a good antibacterial and antioxidant effects.
Assessment of Nitric oxide Linked Atherosclerosis in Surgically Induced Type I and Streptozocin Induced Type II Diabetes Model Goats

Diabetes mellitus is associated with development of cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis. In diabetes mellitus, impaired nitric oxide (NO) activity may be present. Hence, the present study was undertaken to compare NO activity between surgically induced Type I and streptozocin induced Type II diabetes in goat. The NO activity was determined in terms of nitrate (NO3 - ). The NO3 - and peroxynitrite levels in abdominal aortas of goats were determined using validated HPLC method. The levels of NO3 were found to be 25.96 ± 8.25 ng/gm and 78.32±10.23 ng/gm in Type I and Type II diabetes model goats which is significantly difference with control group (96.53±11.23ng/gm,p=0.0012). Similarly, peroxynitrite levels were found to be 475.23±13.45 ng/gm and 325.42±9.62 ng/gm in Type I and Type II diabetes model goats respectively, which is significantly difference with control group (52.13±9.36ng/gm,p=0.0001) The result showed that NO3 - levels were decreased with increased in peroxynitrite levels. Decreased NO activity can be caused by impaired production of NO, due to uncoupling of receptor-mediated signal transduction, a deficiency of the NO synthase (NOS) substrate larginine, or a decreased availability of one or more cofactors essential for optimal functioning of NOS. Hyperglycaemia also stimulates the production of advanced glycosylated end products, enhances the polyol pathway and activates protein kinase C. These conditions may lead to increased oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species rapidly inactivate NO leading to the formation of peroxynitrite. In conclusion, the chances of atherosclerosis and peroxynitrite formation is maximum in patients with type I diabetes than type II.
Elicitation effect on cell biomass and production of alkaloids in cell suspension culture of the tropical tree Eurycoma longifolia

The present study tests the effect of different elicitor on cell biomass and alkaloid production in Eurycoma longifolia cells. The cell suspension cultures were prepared by inoculating 0,5g FW (fresh weight) of cells obtained from first batch of suspension cultures prepared from callus in liquid MSBs medium. Different concentration of chitosan, NaH2PO4, Na2CO3 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added as elicitor to optimize cell biomass and alkaloid production. MSBs medium supplemented with100mg/L chitosan induced significant increment in the cell biomass while higher amount of chitosan (150mg/L) induced the highest production of 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one (0,44%) but not 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. The addition of 2mg/L and 20mg/L NaH2PO4 induced the highest increment in cell biomass and alkaloid production respectively. However, addition of different concentration Na2CO3 and polyvinylpyrrolidone showed inhibitory effect on cell growth with no significantly increased in alkaloid production.
Amelioration of Carbon Removal Prediction for an Activated Sludge Process using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

A dynamic simulation model of the Ankara central wastewater treatment plant (ACWTP) was evaluated for the prediction of effluent COD concentrations. Firstly, a mechanistic model of the municipal wastewater treatment process was developed based on Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) by using a GPS-X computer program. Then, the mechanistic model was combined with a feed-forward back-propagation neural network in parallel configuration. The appropriate architecture of the neural network models was determined through several iterative steps of training and testing of the models. Both models were run with the data obtained from the plant operation and laboratory analysis to predict the dynamic behavior of the process. Using these two models, effluent COD concentrations were predicted and the results were compared for the purpose of evaluation of treatment performance. It was observed that the ASM1 ANN model approach gave better results and better described the operational conditions of the plant than ASM1.
Establishing a training set of San Francisco street view photos for the image segmentation model on biking environment

This research focuses on retraining the SegNet image segmentation model to make it more suitable for San Francisco street views by building a training dataset based on San Francisco Google Street View. This research first tested the original SegNet image segmentation model on several street view photos of San Francisco, yet the segmentation result is not ideal. After that I figured out the most efficient way to improve the segmentation model is to train it on the local street view photos instead of the official training set given by Cambridge University. Therefore, I decided to build up my own training set by gathering 405 street view photos from Google Street View. I labeled each photo into 9 classes by using LabelMe. The labelling process is to add polygons onto every photo and classify these polygons into different classes: lane divider(continuous), lane divider(discontinuous), sidewalk, vehicle, bus stop, yellow lane divider, bike mark, separate bike lane and green bike mark. Other parts of the street view photo are not considered and not labelled in this training set and thus all became background. After labelling all the images, I transformed them into PNG files, which can be used by model training. In order to have uniform size, I resized the PNG files and the original images into 480*360 pixels and transform and normalize it into 1-dimensional grayscale images. Finally, the combination of 405 original street view images and the corresponding label mask files become the training set of the new model. I use the training set to retrain the image segmentation model. The testing result of this new model is relatively better than the official model and prove the potential feasibility of using street view images to automatically evaluate the biking environment of the city.
A Topology Informed Random Forest Classifier for ECG Classification

This paper accompanies Team Cordi-Ak‘s entry to the classification of 12-lead ECGs for the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020. Our approach leverages mathematically computable topological signatures of 12-lead ECGs as proxy for features informed by medical expertise to train a two-level random forest model in a multi-class classification task. We view ECGs as multivariate time series data and convert different segments and groupings of leads to point cloud embeddings. This stores both local and global structures of ECGs, and encodes periodic information as attractor cycles in high-dimensional space. We then employ topological data analysis on these embeddings to extract topological features based on different summaries available in the literature. We supplement these features with demographic data and statistical moments of RR intervals based on the Pan-Tompkins algorithm for each lead to train the classifier. Our classifier achieved a challenge validation score of 0.304, and a final score of −0.113 on the full hidden test data, placing us 37th out of 41 officially ranked teams that participated in this year's Challenge.
Drying Characteristics of Six Varieties of Sweet Potatoes in Different Dryers

Abstract In this work, which was designed for drying of agro-food products, six varieties of potatoes (Santana, Santea, Marfona, Diamant, Koncord, Renjer) were chosen as drying material. A pilot-scale tray dryer, with and without air circulation, and a fluidized bed dryer were used for performing drying experiments. The experiments were performed with and without blanching. The changes in structure and colour of six varieties of potatoes were studied. Temperature did not show significant effect on shrinkage, but blanching time and air circulation had significant effect on shrinkage as well as on the appearance of dried product. Less shrinkage occurred in Renjer and Diamant varieties at 80°C in comparison with other varieties. Santana (at 80°C), Santea (at 70°C) and Renjer (at 80°C) had better appearance and colour after free convection drying, whereas the appearance, colour and quality of Marfona variety was not acceptable at all. The quality and appearance of Marfona variety improved by using a tray dryer with air circulation. The quality and appearance of all varieties was very good in fluidized bed dryer. Blanching was effective in improving the colour of all dried varieties.