Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total synthesis of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitor (+)-panepophenanthrin.

In 2002, the first natural product inhibitor of ubiquitin activating enzyme, panepophenanthrin (1), was isolated from the mushroom strain Panus rudis Fr. IFO8994. In 2003, we completed the first total synthesis of (+)-panepophenanthrin utilizing a highly stereoselective Diels-Alder dimerization of an epoxyquinol dienol monomer. Our retrosynthetic route for panepophenanthrin is depicted in Figure 1. Epoxyquinol 1 may be derived from hemiacetal formation of hydroxy ketone precursor 2. The propensity for epoxyquinol derivatives to form both hydrates and hemiacetals by reaction of water and alcohols with the electrophilic carbonyl has been documented. Open-form precursor 2 may be derived from exo-Diels Alder dimerization of epoxyquinol monomer 3, the conjugated diene isomer of the natural product panepoxydon 4. Reports by Shotwell et al have documented the facile rearrangement of 4 to conjugated isomers such as 3 under mildly acidic conditions. 4 Epoxyquinol diene monomer 3 may be derived from transformations of chiral, nonracemic epoxy ketone 5, including a Heck-type coupling to install the dienol. Compound 5 may be prepared in either antipode using tartrate-mediated asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation of a quinone monoketal precursor.
Folk Pedagogy: Nobody Doesn't Like Active Learning

In a survey of the computing education community, many respondents suggested "active learning" as a teaching approach that would increase the likelihood of student success. In light of these responses, we analyze the way in which active learning is described in the computing-education literature. We find a strong consensus that active learning is good, but a lack of precision in how the term is used, often without definition, to describe instructional techniques, rather than student learning. In addition, active learning techniques are often discussed as if they were all equally effective. We suggest that making clear distinctions, both between teaching techniques and active learning and among the teaching techniques, would be fruitful for both instructors and researchers. Finally, we propose some dimensions along which distinctions among techniques could usefully be made.
Significant levels of sequence divergence and gene rearrangements have occurred between the mitochondrial genomes of the wild mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, and its close relative, the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori.

The metazoan mitochondrial (mt) genome is typi-cally a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule between 14 and 18 kb in size. This molecule encodes 37 genes: 13 protein genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes (Wolstenholme 1992). The order of these genes varies among metazoans (Boore 1999). The mt genomes of 14 insects have been complete-ly sequenced. These include (1) seven ﬂies (Diptera), Drosophila yakuba (Clary and Wolstenholme 1985— X03240), D. melanogaster (Lewis, Farr, and Kaguni 1995—U37541), D. mauritiana , D. sechellia , D. simulans (Ballard 2000—AF200830 and AF200831 for D. mauritiana , AF200832 for D. sechellia , and AF200834, AF200841, and AF200852 for D. simulans ), Ceratitis capitata (Spanos et al. 2000—AJ242872), and Cochliomyia himinivorax (Lessinger et al. 2000—AF260826); (2) two mosquitoes
Time-Dependent, Label-Constrained Shortest Path Problems with Applications

In this paper, we consider a variant of shortest path problems where, in addition to congestion related time-dependent link travel times on a given transportation network, we also have specific labels for each arc denoting particular modes of travel. The problem then involves finding a time-dependent shortest path from an origin node to a destination node that also conforms with some admissible string of labels. This problem arises in theRoute Planner Module of Transportation Analysis Simulation System (TRANSIMS), which is developed by theLos Alamos National Laboratory and is part of a multitrackTravel Model Improvement Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We propose an effective algorithm for this problem by adapting efficient existing partitioned shortest path algorithmic schemes to handle time dependency along with the label constraints. We also develop several heuristics to curtail the search based on various route restrictions, indicators of progress, and projected travel times to complete the trip. The proposed methodology is applied to solve some real multimodal test problems related to the Portland, Oregon, transportation system. Computational results for both the exact method and the heuristic curtailing schemes are provided.
Demonstration of a Microfiber-Based Add–Drop Filter Using One Tapered Fiber

We propose a novel approach to demonstrate an add–drop filter based on microfiber knot resonator (MFKR). The two coupled regions and four ports (including input port, through port, drop port, and add port) of this device are formed using the same one microfiber. By reconnecting the ends of the through and add ports with other two microfibers, this structure could serve as an add–drop filter, which is a key building block in the fields of optical networks and optical information processing system. The MFKR-based add–drop filter with the quality factor (Q-factor) of 21 000 and a diameter of 740 μm is demonstrated successfully. The intrinsic loss and extinction ratio are about –2 and 18.5 dB for the drop port, and –4.6 and 10.7 dB for the through port, respectively. The fabrication process also shows the feasibility and simplicity of this device.
Ethyl 1′′-benzyl-2′′-oxo-2′,3′,5′,6′,7′,7a’-hexahydro-1′H-dispiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,2′-pyrrolizine-3′,3′′-indoline]-1′-carboxylate monohydrate

In the title compound, C38H32N4O3·H2O, the quinoxaline–indene and pyrrolizine systems are essentially planar, with maximum deviations from their mean planes of 0.162 and 0.563 Å, respectively. The pyrrolizine ring forms dihedral angles of 88.53 (5) and 89.95 (8)° with the quinoxaline–indene system and the indoline ring, respectively. The central pyrrolidine ring has an envelope conformation with the C atom bearing the quinoxaline-indene system as the flap. The pyrrolidine ring of the indole system adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom bonded to the pyrrolizine ring N atom as the flap. The five-membered ring attached to the central pyrolidine ring adopts a twisted conformation. In the crystal, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between water molecules and pyrrolizine N and carbonyl O atoms together with C—H⋯O interactions result in chains along [100].
Spatio-diversity estimate of a system-dependent wideband directional channel

In this paper, we show that the effective multipath angle spread exhibits dependencies on both signal line-source distribution and operating frequency. As a result, the spatio-diversity gain is calculated through the integration of a continuous density function defined on the entire signal space. Starting with a simple single-cluster-single-bounce channel and perfect receiver conditions, the mathematical framework is then extended to more general situations, i.e., channels with multiple reradiation processes and scattering clusters. Numerical results show that the conventional diversity estimate for directional systems may lead to systematic prediction error of the achievable diversity gains.
Intraoperative Three-Dimensional Imaging With a Motorized Mobile C-Arm (SIREMOBIL ISO-C-3D) in Foot and Ankle Trauma Care: A Preliminary Report

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility and benefit of the intraoperative use of a mobile C-arm with 3-dimensional imaging (ISO-C-3D). Design: Prospective consecutive clinical study. Setting: University hospital, level I trauma center. Methods: The ISO-C-3D was used for intraoperative visualization in foot and ankle trauma care. Conventional C-arms were used to judge the reduction and implant position before the ISO-C-3D was used. Time spent, changes resulting from use of the ISO-C-3D, and surgeons' ratings (visual analogue scale, 0-10 points) were recorded. Patients: Between January 1, 2003 and March 15, 2004, the ISO-C-3D was used in 62 cases (factures: pilon, n = 1; Weber-C ankles, n = 7; isolated dorsal Volkmann, n = 1; talus, n = 3; calcaneus, n = 20; navicular, n = 1; cuboid, n = 1; Lisfranc fracture-dislocation, n = 6; hindfoot arthrodesis with or without correction, n = 12). Results: On average, the operation was interrupted for 440 seconds (range 330-700); 120 seconds, on average, for the ISO-C-3D scan and 210 seconds, on average, for evaluation of the images by the surgeon. In 39% of the cases (24 of 62), the reduction and/or implant position was corrected during the same procedure after the ISO-C-3D scan. The ratings of the 8 surgeons who used the ISO-C-3D were 9.2(5.2-10) for feasibility, 9.5 (6.1-10) for accuracy, and 8.2 (4.5-10) for clinical benefit. Conclusion: Intraoperative 3-dimensional visualization with the ISO-C-3D can provide useful information in foot and ankle trauma care that cannot be obtained from plain films or conventional C-arms. During the same procedure, after conventional C-arm scans judged the positioning to be correct and an ISO-C-3D scan was done, the reduction and/or implant position was corrected in 39% of the cases in this study, although not unnecessarily prolonging the operation. The ISO-C-3D appears to be most helpful in procedures with a closed reduction and internal fixation, and/or when axial reformations provide information that is not possible to obtain with a conventional C-arm and/or direct visualization during open reduction and internal fixation.
Smart city near to 4.0 — an adoption of industry 4.0 conceptual model

The paper is introducing an adoption of Industry 4.0 Concept on Smart City theoretic model. Cities are upgraded with latest computing and ICT technologies throughout all systems and infrastructure. New data are collected in big amounts and ability to use them is changing how city subsystems can communicate together, to make cities work better and serve better to their users. Smart Cities are convoluted Cyber Physical Model Systems with gradually growing network of all of its parts including human social networks. Cities are under continuous development, in relation to attractiveness of city structure, based on all activities and transactions conducted in city area and related surrounding, newly also through connected virtual world. Industry 4.0 Concept is one of segments of city's recent or near future upgrade. Integration of advanced computing technology and Information Computing Technology throughout whole production enterprise enable to share data, information, and instructions between all agents during all phases of product lifecycle, a product partially participating as a vehicle of product development instructions. Industry 4.0 concept includes six principles, which are compared to Smart City near to 4.0 model. Triangle Rule Diagram is introduced to investigate relationships between all main domains in city live — Client, Enterprise and Facilitator at concept of Smart City near to 4.0, where integration of computing technologies is embedded in all of these domains and inside all city systems and processes connecting them together. Services become a predominantly main city's product as outcome of City Enterprise. Ability to carry portion of instruction about product development is part of new Smart city near 4.0 concept, as well as during post-product development phases.
Interaural Stacked Auditory Brainstem Response Measures for Detecting Small Unilateral Acoustic Tumors

The Stacked auditory brainstem response (SABR) was developed and investigated as a screening tool for small (≤1 cm) unilateral acoustic tumors (vestibular schwannomas) that were missed by standard clinical auditory brainstem response (ABR) measures [Don et al.: Am J Otol 1997;18:608–621; Audiol Neurotol 2005;10:274–290]. While the SABR measure provided much greater sensitivity than the standard ABR measures for small tumor detection, we believed that the large intersubject variability of the SABR measure compromised both the sensitivity and specificity of the measure. However, as we demonstrate in this paper, the variability between ears of a given individual is small. Thus, we introduced an interaural SABR (ISABR) amplitude difference measure to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the SABR amplitude measure to detect small unilateral acoustic tumors. Its main advantages are two-fold. First, it is somewhat immune to variables that affect the absolute SABR amplitudes because it is a relative measure. Second, it is better at assessing tumor patients with very large and non-tumor patients with very small absolute SABR amplitudes. We believe that the ISABR is a useful addition to ABR measures aimed at detecting the presence of unilateral acoustic tumors.
Comprehensive Assessment and Standardization of Solid Phase Multiplex‐Bead Arrays for the Detection of Antibodies to HLA

Solid phase multiplex‐bead arrays for the detection and characterization of HLA antibodies provide increased sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional lymphocyte‐based assays. Assay variability due to inconsistencies in commercial kits and differences in standard operating procedures (SOP) hamper comparison of results between laboratories. The Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation Antibody Core Laboratories investigated sources of assay variation and determined if reproducibility improved through utilization of SOP, common reagents and normalization algorithms. Ten commercial kits from two manufacturers were assessed in each of seven laboratories using 20 HLA reference sera. Implementation of a standardized (vs. a nonstandardized) operating procedure greatly reduced MFI variation from 62% to 25%. Although laboratory agreements exceeded 90% (R2), small systematic differences were observed suggesting center specific factors still contribute to variation. MFI varied according to manufacturer, kit, bead type and lot. ROC analyses showed excellent consistency in antibody assignments between manufacturers (AUC > 0.9) and suggested optimal cutoffs from 1000 to 1500 MFI. Global normalization further reduced MFI variation to levels near 20%. Standardization and normalization of solid phase HLA antibody tests will enable comparison of data across laboratories for clinical trials and diagnostic testing.
Examining the Evidence for a Common Structural Basis to Autism

THERE has been considerable interest in the structural pathologies reported in autism. This annotation will review the findings in this area to date. The increasing availability of structural and functional imaging techniques and detailed histopathology has led to a gradual exploration of the CNS factors thought to underly the behavioural presentation of autism. These methods have helped to clarify the extent to which individuals whose behaviour would receive a diagnosis of autism are both qualitatively and quantitatively differentiable from other populations. There have been a number of volumes'-6 and reviews'. outlining progress in our understanding of autism. Attempts at reaching a consensus have not been helped by the changing diagnostic goalposts'.
Power management by brain emotional learning algorithm

Nowadays having the most energy efficiency is desirable in its own right from both economical and environmental points of view. Dynamic power management is a system level solution for reducing the consumed energy with putting off unused parts of the system and putting them on in an efficient time. The Emotional Learning Algorithm has been introduced to show the effect of emotions as well known stimuli in the quick and almost satisfying decision making in human. The remarkable properties of emotional learning, low computational complexity and fast training, and its simplicity in multi objective problems has made it a powerful methodology in real time control and decision systems, where the gradient based methods and evolutionary algorithms are hard to be used due to their high computational complexity. Recently the emotional approach has been successfully used to obtain multiple objectives in prediction problems of real world phenomena. At first we introduce methods of dynamic power management and then a new method based on BELBIC would be explained. The simulation results show that this method has a high efficiency in various systems.
Effect of posture and drink volume on the swallowing of capsules.

After barium meal and swallow examinations in which normal oesophageal motility was found 50 patients (22 men, 28 women, aged 20-87 years) swallowed four standard hard gelatin capsules (Farillon Lok-Cap) filled with 97% barium sulphate while standing and lying supine with 15 ml and 60 ml water. The time for the capsule to pass from the oropharynx to stomach was measured during screening. If after 10 minutes the capsule remained in the oesophagus, it was washed out with water before proceeding to the next swallow. Four patterns of capsule movement were seen. Normal transit-In 28% of patients all capsules passed into the stomach in < 15 seconds. Delayed transit-In 20% of patients the capsule passed into the stomach in >20 seconds without dispersal. Delay occurred at the level of the left main bronchus on one occasion, above the lower oesophageal sphincter on six, and at both sites on eight. All these patients had gastro-oesophageal reflux with or without hiatus hernia. No other consistent relation between radiological diagnosis and pattern of capsule movement was found. Five of 22 (23%) patients complained that tablets tended to stick, and three of 14 (21%) normally swallowed tablets without water. Arrested transit-In 52% of patients the capsule disintegrated. Capsules lodged at the level of the left main bronchus on seven occasions or above the lower oesophageal sphincter on 29. Disintegration occurred between two and three minutes and the remnants remained adherent for 10 minutes until washed off. This group included eight of 10 (80%) patients with dysphagia for food, five of eight (62.5%) who complained of difficulty in swallowing tablets, 14 of 22 (64%) who complained of tablets sticking, and seven of 14 who took tablets without liquid. Most (68%) patients said tablets stuck in the throat but this was never shown. Three patients were aware that the capsule had stuck and two localised it correctly. Delayed by gastro-oesophageal reflux-A capsule was delayed on a column of refluxed barium on 10 occasions and lodged and distintegrated on three. No capsule was seen to reflux from stomach to oesophagus. The figure shows the clearance of capsules from the oesophagus. All capsules swallowed while standing with 60 ml water entered the stomach within 5 seconds. The four groups were significantly different at the p < 0-01 level (Friedman). 4 Analysed independently the erect position and 60 ml volume had highly significant effects on capsule transit (both p < 0-001, Wilcoxon). 4
Mutations in Novel Organic Cation Transporter (OCTN2), an Organic Cation/Carnitine Transporter, with Differential Effects on the Organic Cation Transport Function and the Carnitine Transport Function*

Novel organic cation transporter (OCTN2) is an organic cation/carnitine transporter, and two missense mutations, L352R and P478L, in OCTN2 have been identified as the cause for primary carnitine deficiency. In the present study, we assessed the influence of these two mutations on the carnitine transport function and the organic cation transport function of OCTN2. The L352R mutation resulted in a complete loss of both transport functions. In contrast, the P478L mutation resulted in a complete loss of only the carnitine transport function but significantly stimulated the organic cation transport function. Studies with human OCTN2/rat OCTN2 chimeric transporters indicated that the carnitine transport site and the organic cation transport site were not identical. Because carnitine transport is Na+-dependent whereas organic cation transport is Na+-independent, we investigated the possibility that the P478L mutation affected Na+ binding. The Na+ activation kinetics were found to be similar for the P478L mutant and wild type OCTN2. We then mutated nine different tyrosine residues located in or near transmembrane domains and assessed the transport function of these mutants. One of these mutations, Y211F, was found to have differential influence on the two transport activities of OCTN2 as did the P478L mutation. However, the Na+ activation kinetics were not affected. These findings are of clinical relevance to patients with primary carnitine deficiency because whereas each and every mutation in these patients is expected to result in the loss of the carnitine transport function, all of these mutations may not interfere with the organic cation transport function.
Drosophila D1 dopamine receptor mediates caffeine-induced arousal

The arousing and motor-activating effects of psychostimulants are mediated by multiple systems. In Drosophila, dopaminergic transmission is involved in mediating the arousing effects of methamphetamine, although the neuronal mechanisms of caffeine (CAFF)-induced wakefulness remain unexplored. Here, we show that in Drosophila, as in mammals, the wake-promoting effect of CAFF involves both the adenosinergic and dopaminergic systems. By measuring behavioral responses in mutant and transgenic flies exposed to different drug-feeding regimens, we show that CAFF-induced wakefulness requires the Drosophila D1 dopamine receptor (dDA1) in the mushroom bodies. In WT flies, CAFF exposure leads to downregulation of dDA1 expression, whereas the transgenic overexpression of dDA1 leads to CAFF resistance. The wake-promoting effects of methamphetamine require a functional dopamine transporter as well as the dDA1, and they engage brain areas in addition to the mushroom bodies.
Use of oligodeoxynucleotide signature probes for identification of physiological groups of methylotrophic bacteria

Oligodeoxynucleotide sequences that uniquely complemented 16S rRNAs of each group of methylotrophs were synthesized and used as hybridization probes for the identification of methylotrophic bacteria possessing the serine and ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathways for formaldehyde fixation. The specificity of the probes was determined by hybridizing radiolabeled probes with slot-blotted RNAs of methylotrophs and other eubacteria followed by autoradiography. The washing temperature was determined experimentally to be 50 and 52 degrees C for 9-alpha (serine pathway) and 10-gamma (RuMP pathway) probes, respectively. RNAs isolated from serine pathway methylotrophs bound to probe 9-alpha, and RNAs from RuMP pathway methylotrophs bound to probe 10-gamma. Nonmethylotrophic eubacterial RNAs did not bind to either probe. The probes were also labeled with fluorescent dyes. Cells fixed to microscope slides were hybridized with these probes, washed, and examined in a fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate filter sets. Cells of methylotrophic bacteria possessing the serine or RuMP pathway specifically bind probes designed for each group. Samples with a mixture of cells of type I and II methanotrophs were detected and differentiated with single probes or mixed probes labeled with different fluorescent dyes, which enabled the detection of both types of cells in the same microscopic field.
Evidence for Grain Growth in the Protostellar Disks of Orion

We present a Brα (λ = 4.05 μm) image of the largest silhouette proplyd in Orion (114-426) using the facility near-IR spectrometer NIRSPEC at the Keck Observatory. This is the longest wavelength observation of a silhouette disk to date. The diameter of the disk at 4 μm is only marginally smaller than that observed in the optical with the Hubble Space Telescope. This may be the first signature of chromatic extinction for the translucent outer edges of the disk, suggesting that the near-IR opacity is dominated by processed grains with typical sizes greater than 1.9 μm, but not ≫4 μm.