Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryptic insertion of MLL gene into 9p22 leads to MLL–MLLT3 (AF9) fusion in a case of acute myelogenous leukemia

The formation of a leukemogenic fusion product in hematopoietic malignancies is commonly achieved by chromosomal translocation. Alternate and cytogenetically undetectable mechanisms of fusion transcript generation have been documented for BCR–AB1, AML1–ETO, PML–RARA, NPM/ALK, and MLL–MLLT2 (AF4). Here, we report the investigation of a cryptic rearrangement leading to MLL–MLLT3 transcript formation. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood from a 50‐year‐old acute myeloid leukemia patient yielded a karyotype of 47,XY,+8,del(11)(q21q23) in all metaphase cells examined. Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using the MLL probe at 11q23 revealed that the 5′ portion of the MLL gene was inserted into chromosome 9 at band p22, whereas the 3′ region of the MLL gene remained on chromosome 11. Whole‐chromosome paint analysis confirmed the cryptic transfer of chromosome 11 material to 9p22. With this information, the karyotype was reassigned as 47,XY,+8,der(9)ins(9;11)(p22;q23q23),del(11)(q21q23). RT‐PCR was used to show that the cryptic rearrangement in this patient led to the fusion of the MLL and MLLT3 transcripts on the der(9). The presence of the MLL–MLLT3 transcript is consistent with the clinical findings in this patient. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degradation of thermo-mechanically loaded adhesive Class V restorations after 18 months of water storage.

PURPOSE To assess in vitro the hydrolytic stability of adhesive systems in Class V composite restorations bonded to enamel and dentin. METHODS 16 groups of Class V cavities restored with different adhesive systems and challenged with thermal and mechanical loading under the simulation of dentin fluid were evaluated after an 18-month period of water storage at 37 degrees C. The marginal adaptation of these restorations was quantified by evaluation of gold-coated epoxy replicas with scanning electron microscopy at x200 magnification. RESULTS The percentages of "continuous margin" after 18 months of water storage with respect to the total marginal length ranged from 62.9 (5.4)% to 18.5 (3.2)% with significant differences observed among the groups (Bonferroni test P < 0.05). The range in enamel was from 71.8 (14.2)% to 8.9 (6.4)% and in dentin from 94.3 (5.1)% to 0.0 (0.0)%. Marginal adaptation of all the materials tested was affected by water storage, either in enamel, in dentin, or both. None of the restorative systems tested exhibited hydrolytically stable marginal adaptation.
Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in regulating erythropoietin‐induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Erythropoietin (EPO), the key hormone involved in erythropoiesis, beneficially affects endothelial cells (ECs), but the detailed mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a ligand‐gated non‐selective calcium (Ca2+) channel, in EPO‐mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and angiogenesis.
Multiple intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantations in the dalmatian dog.

BACKGROUND Hepatocyte transplantation is an attractive potential treatment for liver-based inborn errors of metabolism and for fulminant hepatic failure. Dalmatian dogs have a metabolic error that results in hyperuricosuria. This report focuses on the effect of multiple, sequential intrasplenic transplants of fresh and cryopreserved hepatocytes in dalmatians. METHODS Dalmatians underwent intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation with hepatocytes taken from healthy mongrels. Dalmatian urinary uric acid excretion was measured preoperatively, and this served as the control value. Three hepatocyte transplantations were performed at 30-day intervals--the first with freshly isolated cells, and both the second and the third with cryopreserved hepatocytes from the same donor. Urinary uric acid excretion was measured postoperatively twice per week. RESULTS The urinary uric acid excretion decreased an average of 54% after the first hepatocyte transplantation. The effect was transient and lasted an average of 22 days (range, 19-50 days). Subsequent intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation with cryopreserved hepatocytes resulted in similar decreases in urinary uric acid excretion. Each transplant resulted in a significant decrease in urinary uric acid excretion when compared with baseline values (P = < .001). CONCLUSIONS Sequential intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation is feasible in this model. This method provided a significant, but transient, correction in urinary uric acid excretion that was similar with either fresh or cryopreserved hepatocytes. A substantial biologic effect provided by cryopreserved hepatocytes has important implications in clinical hepatocyte transplantation.
Managerial Value, Financial Condition, and Downsizing Reform: A Study of U.S. City Governments

This study examines downsizing reforms in U.S. city governments to understand the influence of managerial values and financial conditions on the implementation of downsizing strategies. Based on the analyses of national survey data, we found that downsizing tends to be implemented with a package of downsizing factor including structural and procedure changes. We further confirmed that managerial values, measured as their innovative attitudes and ethical concerns, affect downsizing factors of structural changes. Financial conditions, including budget surplus and fund deficits, are not related to downsizing strategies. Implications of the research findings are presented for future studies of public downsizing reforms.
Experimental reproduction of severe wasting disease by co-infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus.

Colostrum-deprived pigs were infected intranasally with a recent isolate of porcine circovirus (PCV2) and a porcine parvovirus (PPV), both from Canadian pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Four pigs were inoculated with PCV2 alone, three with PPV alone, five with a combined PCV2/PPV inoculum, and two with a chloroform-treated combined PCV2/PPV inoculum. Pigs were killed 21-26 days after infection and tissue samples examined for gross and microscopical lesions and for the presence of viral antigens. No clinical signs, lesions or viral antigens were detected in two uninfected control pigs or in pigs inoculated with PPV alone. One pig inoculated with PCV2 alone became dull and thin. Mild to moderate histopathological lesions containing PCV2 antigen were detected in lymphoid tissues from the pigs inoculated with PCV2 alone. Pigs given the PCV2/PPV inoculum and the chloroform-treated PCV2/PPV inoculum became dull and two died. Jaundice and hepatomegaly were seen at post-mortem examination of most of the dually infected pigs. The latter showed large amounts of PCV2 antigen in numerous tissues; PPV antigen, which was less abundant, was detected in a few tissues, especially kidney. The lesions were similar to those seen in recently described field cases of porcine PMWS in North America and Europe.
Melithaeidae of Japan (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) re-examined with descriptions of 11 new species

Abstract Japanese melithaeid type material is re-examined and re-described. The sclerites of the different species are depicted using Scanning Electron Microscopy. All Japanese species of the family Melithaeidae treated here belong to the genus Melithaea and are endemic to Japanese waters. Old museum material and newly collected specimens from Japanese waters are identified after comparison with this type material. Acabaria modesta var. abyssicola is regarded a separate species, here named Melithaea abyssicola (Kükenthal, 1909). In addition, 11 new species are described: Melithaea boninensis sp. n. , Melithaea doederleini sp. n. , Melithaea isonoi sp. n. , Melithaea keramaensis sp. n. , Melithaea oyeni sp. n. , Melithaea ryukyukensis sp. n. , Melithaea sagamiensis sp. n. , Melithaea satsumaensis sp. n. , Melithaea suensoni sp. n. , Melithaea tanseii sp. n. , and Melithaea tokaraensis sp. n. Pleurocorallium confusum Moroff, 1902, Pleurocoralloides formosum Moroff, 1902, Melitodes flabellifera Kükenthal, 1908, and Melitodes densa Kükenthal, 1908 are synonymized with Melithaea japonica (Verrill, 1865). We have designated a neotype for Melithaea mutsu Minobe, 1929. A key to the Japanese melithaeids is presented.
Phytoremediation Potential of Phragmites australis in Hokersar Wetland - A Ramsar Site of Kashmir Himalaya

Heavy metals are an important class of pollutants with both lethal and sublethal effects on organisms. Wetlands are cheap natural alternatives for removal of heavy metals from soils; however, wetland plants vary greatly in their degree of metal uptake. Hokersar wetland, a Ramsar site of Kashmir Himalaya, India is a game reserve of international importance that provides suitable habitat for resident birds and an excellent stopover point for migratory birds visiting from Palaearctic breeding grounds in Central Asia, China, N-Europe and Siberia. The toxicity of chronic dietary metal exposure in birds may have adverse reproductive effects which include decreased egg production, decreased hatchability, and increased hatchling mortality. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the heavy metal sequestration capability of one of the most common wetland plant species Phragmites australis in Hokersar wetland. The accumulation of the different elements was in order of Al > Mn > Ba > Zn > Cu > Pb > Mo > Co > Cr > Cd > Ni. Translocation factor, i.e. ratio of shoot to root metal concentration revealed that metals were largely retained in the roots of P. australis, thus reducing the supply of metals to avifauna and preventing their bio-accumulation.
Interactive Levy Flight in Interest Space

Compared to the well-studied topic of human mobility in real geographic space, very few studies focus on human mobility in virtual space, such as interests, knowledge, ideas, and so forth. However, it relates to the issues of management of public opinions, knowledge diffusion, and innovation. In this paper, we assume that the interests of a group of online users can span a Euclidean space which is called interest space, and the transfers of user interests can be modeled as the Levy Flight on the interest space. To consider the interaction between users, we assume that the random walkers are not independent but interact each other indirectly via the digital resources in the interest space. The model can successfully reproduce a set of scaling laws for describing the growth of the attention flow networks of real online communities, and the ranges of the exponents of the scaling are similar with the empirical data. Further, we can infer parameters for describing the individual behaviors of the users according to the scaling laws of the empirical attention flow network. Our model can not only provide theoretical understanding on human online behaviors, but also has wide potential applications, such as dissemination and management of public opinions, online recommendation, etc.
Unwounded plants elicit Agrobacterium vir gene induction and T‐DNA transfer: transformed plant cells produce opines yet are tumour free

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is well known to cause crown gall tumours at plant wound sites and to benefit from this plant association by obtaining nutrients called opines that are produced by these tumours. Tumourigenesis requires expression of the vir regulon in response to chemical signals that are thought to be released from wound sites. Here, we examine chemical interactions between A. tumefaciens and unwounded plants. To determine whether unwounded plants can release significant amounts of vir gene inducers, we constructed an A. tumefaciens strain carrying a PvirB–gfp fusion. This fusion was strongly induced by co‐culture with tobacco seedlings that have been germinated without any intentional wounding. The release of phenolic vir gene inducers was confirmed by GC/MS analysis. We also constructed a strain containing the gfp reporter located on an artificial T‐DNA and expressed from a plant promoter. A. tumefaciens efficiently transferred this T‐DNA into cells of unwounded plants in the absence of exogenous vir gene inducers. Many cells of seedlings colonized by the bacteria also produced octopine, which was detected using a Pocc‐gfp reporter strain. This indicates transfer of the native T‐DNA. However, these transformed plant cells did not form tumours. These results suggest that successful colonization of plants by A. tumefaciens, including T‐DNA transfer and opine production, does not require wounding and does not necessarily cause cell proliferation. Transformation of plant cells without inciting tumours may represent a colonization strategy for this pathogen that has largely been overlooked.
A randomized controlled trial of guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for erectile dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION Men with erectile dysfunction are often worried about their condition, have interpersonal difficulties, and have a reduced quality of life. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has been shown effective for a number of health problems but evidence is limited concerning the treatment of erectile dysfunction. AIM The study investigated the effects of ICBT for erectile dysfunction. METHODS Seventy-eight men were included in the study and randomized to either ICBT or to a control group, which was an online discussion group. Treatment consisted of a 7-week Web-based program with e-mail-based therapist support. Each therapist spent an average of 55 minutes per participant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The International Index of Erectile Functioning five-item version was administered via the telephone at pretreatment, post-treatment, and 6 months after receiving ICBT. RESULTS At post-treatment, the treatment group had significantly greater improvements with regard to erectile performance compared with the control group. Between-group differences at post-treatment were small (d = 0.1), but increased at the 6-month follow-up (d = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for the use of ICBT as a possible treatment format for erectile dysfunction.
Bone mass and turnover in women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drug monotherapy

Antiepileptic drugs, particularly cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers, are associated with disorders of bone metabolism. We studied premenopausal women with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drug monotherapy (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine). Subjects completed exercise and nutrition questionnaires and bone mineral density studies. Serum was analyzed for indices of bone metabolism including calcium, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, insulin growth factor I, insulin binding protein III, and bone formation markers, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin. Urine was analyzed for cross‐linked N‐telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker. Calcium concentrations were significantly less in subjects receiving carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproate than in those receiving lamotrigine (p = 0.008). Insulin growth factor‐I was significantly reduced in subjects receiving phenytoin compared with those receiving lamotrigine (p = 0.017). Subjects receiving phenytoin had significantly greater levels of bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.007). Our results demonstrate that phenytoin is associated with changes in bone metabolism and increased bone turnover. The lower calcium concentrations in subjects taking carbamazepine or valproate compared with those taking other antiepileptic drugs suggest that these antiepileptic drugs may have long‐term effects. Subjects receiving lamotrigine had no significant reductions in calcium or increases in markers of bone turnover, suggesting this agent is less likely to have long‐term adverse effects on bone. Ann Neurol 2005;57:252–257
China’s Energy Consumption Rebound Effect Analysis Based on the Perspective of Technological Progress

Energy issues are the focus of global concern, and estimations of the energy rebound effect are very important for energy policy. Existing research has proved the existence of the energy rebound effect. This paper, based on the estimation of China’s capital stock in 1952, establishes three elements of the neoclassical production function to calculate the contribution rate of technological progress on economic growth. It then calculates China’s energy rebound effect over the past 20 years from the perspective of technological progress. The research results show that though China’s energy intensity has been declining from 1994 to 2017, the energy rebound effect each year is obviously different, with an average level of 54.4%. Technological progress leads to the improvement of energy efficiency, which reduces energy consumption, but the rebound effect makes energy savings less effective than expected. This paper proved the Granger causality between energy structure adjustment and the rebound effect. And the increase of coal consumption will enhance the rebound effect. So, upgrading the structure of energy consumption is considered helpful to reduce the energy rebound effect, which can promote energy conservation and emission reduction.
Addiguration: Exploring configuration behavior of Spartan-3 devices

Reconfigurability of FPGAs is an enabler for many applications. In recent years a lot of different reconfiguration approaches and methodologies were presented, including full and partial reconfiguration of devices. In this paper we present the novel methodology of addiguration for Xilinx Spartan-3 devices. Our proposed methodology exploits special properties of the configuration logic and enables to incrementally configure on top of an existing design already running on an FPGA. This work demonstrates a basic technology that might be exploited for testing scenarios or as an entry vector for attacks on FPGA designs. Prototypical experiments have shown that the addiguration can easily be carried out during runtime of the device and over a standard configuration interface.
Characterising Draught in Mediterranean Multifamily Housing

Social housing dating from the postwar years through the end of the twentieth century is one of the major stores of European cities’ residential stock. As it is generally characterised by a poor thermal performance and an inefficient control of energy consumption, it constitutes one of the main targets for residential heritage renewal. This study aimed to locate and quantify air leaks across building envelopes in Mediterranean multifamily housing with a view to curbing the uncontrolled inflow of outdoor air that has a direct impact on occupant comfort and housing energy demand. Airtightness tests conducted in a series of protocols to quantify draught across envelope elements were supplemented with qualitative infrared thermographic and smoke tests to locate leakage pathways. Air was found to flow mainly across façade enclosures, primarily around openings, as well as through service penetrations in walls between flats and communal areas accommodating electrical and telecommunication wires and water supply, domestic hot water (DHW), and drainage pipes. The general absence of evidence of draught across structural floors or inter-flat partitions was consistent with the construction systems in place.
Identification of synaptic activity‐dependent genes by exposure of cultured cortical neurons to tetrodotoxin followed by its withdrawal

Activity‐dependent gene expression is one of the key mechanisms of synaptic plasticity that form the basis of higher order functions such as learning and memory. In the present study, we surveyed for activity‐dependent genes by analyzing gene expression changes accompanying reversible inhibition of synaptic activity by tetrodotoxin (TTX) using two types of DNA microarrays; our focused oligo DNA microarray “Synaptoarray” and the commercially available high‐density array. Cerebral cortical cells from E18 rat embryos were cultured for 14 days to ensure synaptogenesis, then treated with 1 μM TTX for 48 hr without detectable effect on cell viability. Synaptic density estimated by the amount of Synapsin I and Synaptotagmin I was decreased 21–24% by TTX treatment, but recovered to the control level 48 hr after TTX withdrawal. Comparison of gene expression profiles by competitive hybridization of fluorescently labeled cRNA from TTX‐treated and control cells showed an overall downregulation of the genes on the Synaptoarray by TTX‐treatment with different recovery rates after TTX withdrawal. With 16 representative genes, microarray data were validated by real‐time PCR analysis. Genes most severely downregulated by TTX and upregulated above the control level at 5 hr after TTX withdrawal were munc13‐1 (involved in docking and priming of synaptic vesicles) and Shank2 (involved in the postsynaptic scaffold). In addition, comprehensive screening at 5 hr after TTX withdrawal using high density arrays resulted in additional identification of Rgs2, a regulator of trimeric G‐protein signaling, as an activity‐dependent gene. These three genes are thus likely to be key factors in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of alcohol compounds found in hemicellulose hydrolysate on the growth and fermentation of ethanologenic Escherichia coli

Lignocellulose can be readily hydrolyzed into a mixture of sugars using dilute mineral acids. During hydrolysis, a variety of inhibitors are also produced which include aromatic alcohols from lignin and furfuryl alcohol from pentose destruction. Seven compounds were investigated individually and in binary combinations (catechol, coniferyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, guaiacol, hydroquinone, methylcatechol, and vanillyl alcohol). Aromatic alcohols and furfuryl alcohol inhibited ethanol production from xylose in batch fermentations primarily by inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli LY01, the biocatalyst. The toxicities of these compounds were directly related to their hydrophobicity. Methylcatechol was the most toxic compound tested (MIC = 1.5 g/L). In binary combination, the extent of growth inhibition was roughly additive for most compounds tested. However, combinations with furfuryl alcohol and furfural (furaldehyde) appear synergistic in toxicity. When compared individually, alcohol components which are formed during hemicellulose hydrolysis are less toxic for growth than the aldehydes and organic acids either on a weight basis or a molar basis. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 68: 524–530, 2000.
Development of a biological process for livestock wastewater treatment using a technique for predominant outgrowth of Bacillus species.

The investigation has been carried out by treating 1 m3/day of livestock wastewater for 9 months. The biological process is composed of two reactors connected in series. Each reactor has been designed to stimulate the growth of Bacillus sp. , spore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. As a consequence, the population of Bacillus sp. is aptly increased via the cycle of sporulation, germination and proliferation. With a predominant growth of Bacillus sp. , the microbial activity has been increased comparing to activated sludge based on the result of measuring specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR). This process was able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter efficiently. More than 98% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were removed. In term of removing the total nitrogen (T-N), about 98% of this was reduced. On average, the T-N concentration in the feed was 3,270 mg/l but 74 mg/l in the effluent including 30 mg/l of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen. The total phosphorus (T-P) reduction averaged 87.5%. As a result, it would be advantageous to load this process in order to deal with high-strength wastewater.