Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Early Impact Program: An Early Intervention and Prevention Program for Children and Families At-Risk of Conduct Problems.

The Early Impact (EI) program is an early intervention and prevention program for reducing the incidence of conduct problems in pre-school aged children. The EI intervention framework is ecological in design and includes universal and indicated components. This paper delineates key principles and associated strategies that underpin the EI program. Discussion emphasises the mutual interplay between the universal and indicated components of the intervention design and risk and protective factors associated with pre-school aged children and families at-risk of dysfunctional behavior. This preventative approach is consistent with the literature that emphasises the significance of early intervention and prevention strategies for children with conduct problems that are ecological in breadth and that target risk factors at the home and school level.
Rapid Convective Transport of Tropospheric Air into the Tropical Lower Stratosphere during the 2010 Sudden Stratospheric Warming

A possible transport mechanism from the tropical troposphere to the lower stratosphere (LS) across the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is through convective overshooting clouds (COV) that inject air with tropospheric characteristics (high carbon monoxide (CO) and low ozone (O3) concentrations) into the LS over a few days. Evidence of such convective intrusions was observed at the end of January 2010, associated with increased convective activity over the southern African continent following the onset of a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the northern hemisphere, lasting approximately two weeks. The modulation of tropical stratospheric upwelling by SSW appears to have forced stronger and deeper tropical convection, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere tropics. The tropospheric (CO-rich, O3-poor) air injected into the TTL by COV then gradually moved upward via the tropical stratospheric upwelling strengthened by SSW. Meanwhile the O3 decrease started in the middle stratosphere and descended gradually to the TTL, indicating that the effect of stratospheric upwelling reached the TTL. The present results suggest that the direct and indirect (strengthened convective clouds) effects of stratospheric upwelling modulated by SSW can have a large impact on the trace gas fields in the TTL and LS.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MELANOMA FORMATION IN XIPHOPHORUS 1

Studi es over the 1 ast years have suggested the involvement of specific cellular genes in the pathogenesis of human, rodent and avi an neop 1 asms. These genes have been identified by their biological activity in transfect i on assays by transferring the neop 1 astic phenotype to recipient cells and/or by homology to the transforming genes of known acutely transforming retroviruses. In the transforming (i . e. activated} state these genes are designated oncogenes, while in the non-transformi ng ( i. e. i nact i ve) state they are referred to as proto-oncogenes ( for a recent revi ew see Bi shop 1986) Conversi on of the non-transformi ng proto-oncogene into a transforming oncogene has been shown to be possible by either qualitative changes and/or quantitative changes of the oncogen~ product. Most of the known oncogenes can be classified into one of 4 major categories: those, like the src, yes, abl, and erb B oncogenes, which code for protern-:tyrosine--kinases; those whose products have GTP-binding activity, like ·the ras-eneogene family; those with structural homology to growtfi factors, like the sis oncogene product; and those oncogenes whose proteTn products are localized in the nucleus, like myc, myb and fos. To contribute to an understanding of the-runct1on of Or1Cogenes, we are using the Xiphophorus fish melanoma
Applying high-resolution visible-channel aerial imaging of crop canopy to precision irrigation management

Canopy cover (or vegetation cover) maps serve in irrigation management mainly to determine the primary evapotranspiration (ET) coefficient, as radiation interception and evaporative surface area are directly related to canopy cover. Crop size and development with time depends on water supply; therefore, crop canopy maps are tools for the detection of the spatial uniformity of irrigation systems. Several aerial scan campaigns were deployed in the Upper Galilee of Israel in the 2017 growing season to follow up and evaluate the irrigation uniformity and crop coefficients of peanuts and cotton by RGB scans of a Phantom 4 multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Foliage intensity and coverage were enhanced by a green-red vegetation index (GRVI), which is a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-like process where the green channel replaced the near-infrared (NIR). The results demonstrated that the GRVI is suitable for the purpose of determining the vegetation cover. Furthermore, the GRVI yielded better results than the NDVI in recognizing phenological crop changes (especially senescence). Therefore, this research proves the applicability of a low-cost digital camera mounted on an easily accessible UAV for crop cover and actual, in-field, ET coefficients determination and irrigation uniformity evaluation.
Spatiotemporal relations and movement trajectories in visuomotor synchronization

This work investigates how spatial and temporal aspects of rhythmic movements are affected by spatial and temporal components of a visual pacing sequence. Participants synchronized finger taps with three visual pacing sequences ( Flash , High Finger , and Low Finger ) at two tempi (500 ms and 400 ms interonset interval). The Flash sequence contained only temporal information, whereas the two Finger sequences contained apparent motion of different amplitudes. Participants9 finger movements were recorded with a motion capture system, and movement trajectories and timing accuracy were analyzed. Results indicated that apparent motion facilitates visuomotor synchronization accuracy, which likely stems from tight perception-action links. Stimulus amplitude modulated tap amplitudes in the same direction, but this spatial assimilation did not adversely affect timing accuracy. Flexion times toward the target were significantly shorter than extension or dwell times, and could indicate a relatively ballistic movement trajectory. Local deviations of tap timing correlated with the movement trajectories from the preceding and following movement cycle. For example, after a late tap, the following movement cycle had lower amplitude and shorter extension and dwell times. This could signify the workings of error correction mechanisms that ensure stable synchronization.
Solubility enhancement methods -a promising technology for poorly water soluble drugs

The most challenging task in drug development is enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of drug. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities as well as for the generic development. Drug to be absorbed should be in solution form at the site of absorption. Absorption of orally administered drugs will take place only when they show fair solubility in gastric medium and such drugs show good bioavailability. Solubility and dissolution properties of drugs play an important role in the process of formulation and development. Major challenge for formulation scientist is the solubility problem which can be solved by different technological approaches during the pharmaceutical product development work. This review gives detailed information about various technologies used for enhancing solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, including nanotechnology methods for enhancing solubility to reduce the percentage of poorly soluble drug candidates eliminated from the development. Selection of this solubility enhancing method mainly depends on drug property, site of absorption and dosage form characteristics.
Chapter 2 Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization 2

In control systems, it is necessary to observe the work of the controlled object. It is usually achieved in power electronics systems by measuring currents and voltages [7, 68]. This chapter is devoted to the problems of processing the analog current and voltage signals to convert them into digital form in power electronics systems. The problems discussed in this chapter, the author believes, are essential for the proper operation of control systems.
OF THE BACTERIAL CYTOSKELETON

■ Abstract The structural elucidation of clear but distant homologs of actin and tubulin in bacteria and GFP labeling of these proteins promises to reinvigorate the field of prokaryotic cell biology. FtsZ (the tubulin homolog) and MreB/ParM (the actin homologs) are indispensable for cellular tasks that require the cell to accurately position molecules, similar to the function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. FtsZ is the organizing molecule of bacterial cell division and forms a filamentous ring around the middle of the cell. Many molecules, including MinCDE, SulA, ZipA, and FtsA, assist with this process directly. Recently, genes much more similar to tubulin than to FtsZ have been identified in Verrucomicrobia. MreB forms helices underneath the inner membrane and probably defines the shape of the cell by positioning transmembrane and periplasmic cell wall–synthesizing enzymes. Currently, no interacting proteins are known for MreB and its relatives that help these proteins polymerize or depolymerize at certain times and places inside the cell. It is anticipated that MreB-interacting proteins exist in analogy to the large number of actin binding proteins in eukaryotes. ParM (a plasmidborne actin homolog) is directly involved in pushing certain single-copy plasmids to the opposite poles by ParR/ parC-assisted polymerization into double-helical filaments, much like the filaments formed by actin, F-actin. Mollicutes seem to have developed special systems for cell shape determination and motility, such as the fibril protein in Spiroplasma.
N A ] 1 A ug 2 01 8 Non-commutative Discretize-then-Optimize Algorithms for Elliptic PDE-constrained Optimal Control Problems ✩

In this paper, we analyze the convergence of several optimize-then-discretize and discretize-then-optimize algorithms, based on either a second-order or a fourth-order finite difference discretization, for solving elliptic PDE-constrained optimal control problems. To ensure the convergence of a discretize-then-optimize algorithm, one well-accepted criterion is to design the discretization scheme such that the resulting discretizethen-optimize algorithm commutes with the corresponding optimize-then-discretize algorithm. In other words, both algorithms should give rise to exactly the same discrete optimality system. However, such a restrictive criterion is not trivial to fulfill. By investigating a distributed control problem governed by an elliptic equation, we first show that enforcing such a stringent condition of commutative property is only sufficient but not necessary for achieving the desired convergence. We then introduce some suitable H1 semi-norm penalty/regularization terms to recover the lost convergence due to the inconsistency caused by the loss of commutativity. Numerical experiments are carried out to verify our theoretical analysis and also validate the effectiveness of our proposed regularization techniques.
Title Location , location , location : utilizing pipelines and services to more effectively georeference the world ' s biodiversity data Permalink

Background: Increasing the quantity and quality of data is a key goal of biodiversity informatics, leading to increased fitness for use in scientific research and beyond. This goal is impeded by a legacy of geographic locality descriptions associated with biodiversity records that are often heterogeneous and not in a map-ready format. The biodiversity informatics community has developed best practices and tools that provide the means to do retrospective georeferencing (e.g., the BioGeomancer toolkit), a process that converts heterogeneous descriptions into geographic coordinates and a measurement of spatial uncertainty. Even with these methods and tools, data publishers are faced with the immensely time-consuming task of vetting georeferenced localities. Furthermore, it is likely that overlap in georeferencing effort is occurring across data publishers. Solutions are needed that help publishers more effectively georeference their records, verify their quality, and eliminate the duplication of effort across publishers. Results: We have developed a tool called BioGeoBIF, which incorporates the high throughput and standardized georeferencing methods of BioGeomancer into a beginning-to-end workflow. Custodians who publish their data to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) can use this system to improve the quantity and quality of their georeferences. BioGeoBIF harvests records directly from the publishers’ access points, georeferences the records using the BioGeomancer web-service, and makes results available to data managers for inclusion at the source. Using a webbased, password-protected, group management system for each data publisher, we leave data ownership, management, and vetting responsibilities with the managers and collaborators of each data set. We also minimize the georeferencing task, by combining and storing unique textual localities from all registered data access points, and dynamically linking that information to the password protected record information for each publisher.
Comparison of time-varying systemidentification methods to assess jointimpedance by Sven Kraaijevanger

Joint impedance describes the dynamic resistance of a joint in response to position perturbations. Joint impedance is known to vary nonlinearly during movement caused by varying joint angle and muscle activation. The nonlinear behaviour can be described using linear time-varying models under certain assumption. Recently a number of time-varying system identification algorithms to estimate joint impedance have been developed. System identification algorithms are typically validated in simulation. These algorithms have not yet been compared using the same simulated data or validated using real experimental data in this application. In this study the algorithms are assessed on their ability to estimate joint stiffness using three data sets. The first data set is from a simulation model representing joint dynamics with time-varying stiffness and damping. The second data set is from a mechanical variable stiffness device. A mapping of the true stiffness of the device was extracted by interpolating the estimated stiffness of time-invariant trials. The last data set is real experimental data from a human ankle with varying contraction levels to which small position perturbations were applied. The simulation study and the experimental mechanical study suggest that when estimating stiffness the linear parameter varying (LPV) method has a bias, the kernel based regression (KBR) method overall has the highest error, the ensemble impulse response function (eIRF) method needs many repetitions, the basis impulse response function (bIRF) method is able to achieve the lowest error, the short data segment (SDS) method is the most robust to different perturbation signals, and the ensemble spectral methods (ESM and mESM) are able to achieve reasonable results. The results of the experimental human study show that the estimated stiffness by the ensemble and short data segment methods have a trend similar to that of the EMG signal, albeit with different offsets. The bIRF, SDS, ESM and mESM make a reasonable compromise between smoothness and required repetitions. Keywords—Joint impedance, System identification, Timevarying systems, Human motor control
A G ] 1 3 A ug 2 01 8 Cone spherical metrics and stable vector bundles

Cone spherical metrics are conformal metrics with constant curvature one and finitely many conical singularities on compact Riemann surfaces. A cone spherical metric is called irreducible if each developing map of the metric does not have monodromy lying in U(1). We establish on compact Riemann surfaces of positive genera a correspondence between irreducible cone spherical metrics with cone angles being integral multiples of 2π and line subbundles of rank two stable vector bundles. Then we are motivated by it to prove a theorem of Lange-type that there always exists a stable extension of L∗ by L, for L being a line bundle of negative degree on each compact Riemann surface of genus greater than one. At last, as an application of these two results, we obtain a new class of irreducible spherical metrics with cone angles being integral multiples of 2π on each compact Riemann surface of genus greater than one. MSC2010: primary 51M10; secondary 14H60.
A 125-year journey and quest for better choice: OA or LA?

Appendectomy is now 125years old and we salute it. It is the operation for the removal of an inflamed symptomatic appendix to cure acute appendicitis (AA), the commonest surgical emergency world over. There are two variants of appendectomy: 1. Open and 2. Laparoscopic. Open appendectomy (OA) dominated the surgical word for about 85years and in 1980 was challenged by the laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Thirty years since then a pseudo controversy continues as to which is a better choice despite a lot of literature to support LA. Using the terms laparoscopic appendectomy, open appendectomy and appendicitis, a literature search was made using Medline and google. About 2100 citations were analyzed and several meta-analyses were studied to resolve the controversy. Laparoscopic appendectomy is worth recommending as an effective and safe procedure for acute appendicitis in both adults and children in all types of symptomatic appendicitis. Overall LA is more patient friendly than open appendectomy and deserves to be a gold standard surgical modality.
Absolute ill-formedness and other morphophonological effects

In this paper I explore the theoretical significance of phonologically conditioned gaps in word formation. The data support the original approach to gaps in Optimality Theory proposed by Prince & Smolensky (1993), which crucially involves MPARSE as a ranked and violable constraint. The alternative CONTROL model proposed by Orgun & Sprouse (1999) is found to be inadequate because of lost generalisations and technical flaws. It is shown that a careful distinction between various morphophonological effects (e.g. paradigm uniformity effects, phonological repair and ‘stem selection’) is necessary to shed light on the morphology–phonology interface. The data investigated here support affix-specific constraint rankings, but argue against any stratal organisation of morphology.
Management Forecasts and Bad News Hoarding: Evidence from Stock Price Crashes

Many recent studies have explored how the properties of mandatory disclosure, such as opacity, conservatism, and comparability, are related to future stock price crashes. However, Beyer et al. (2010) estimate that mandatory disclosures account for less than 12% of the total stock return variance explained by financial disclosures, compared to over 55% from earnings guidance. We extend prior studies by investigating the relation between earnings guidance, forecast bias, and crash risk. We find a significant positive relation between guidance and crash risk that is economically large. We show that optimistic guidance drives this positive relation. We also provide the first direct evidence on how the forecast bias gets impounded into price, which leads to future crashes. We conduct a battery of tests to mitigate concerns about endogeneity and alternative explanations. Overall, our findings highlight the agency problem in guidance disclosure and its effects on capital market beyond a short horizon.
Comparing neighborhood density and clear speech effects in the French vowel system

This study investigates fine-grained phonetic variation conditioned by communicative context and phonological neighborhood density (ND). Both of these factors have been associated with hyperarticulation and/or reduction in phonetic realization. For example, talkers speak louder and slower in a noisy room (Lombard 1911), louder and with less phonological reduction when speaking to someone hard-of-hearing (Picheney, et al. 1986), and with an expanded vowel space simply when asked to speak more clearly (Bradlow et al. 1996). Similarly, words with many phonologically-similar neighbors (i.e., high-ND words, which are subject to greater lexical competition) show greater vowel dispersion (Wright 2004), more extreme voiceless stop VOT (Baese-Berk & Goldrick 2009), and increased nasal and vowel-to-vowel coarticulation (Scarborough 2013), relative to words with fewer neighbors (i.e., low-ND words) in English. Both clear speech effects and neighborhood-conditioned effects have been interpreted as listener-directed accommodations to potential difficulties, communicative or lexical, encountered by listeners. Comparisons of contextual clarity and neighborhood density effects in English indicate that the two types of effects indeed involve similar, but essentially independent, phonetic adjustments, and that ND effects are comparable or greater in magnitude, relative to clarity effects (Scarborough & Zellou 2013).
Differential Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): Tissue Distribution of PPAR-a, $3, and -y in the Adult Rat*

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that can be activated by various xenobiotics and natural fatty acids. These transcription fac- tors primarily regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and also play a role in adipocyte differentiation. We present the expression patterns of the PPAR subtypes in the adult rat, determined by in situ hybridization using specific probes for PPAR-u, -p and =y, and by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody that recognizes the three rat PPAR subtypes. In numerous cell types from either ectodermal, mesodermal, or endodermal origin, PPARs are coex- pressed, with relative levels varying between them from one cell type to the other. PPAR-LU is highly expressed in hepatocytes, cardiomyo- cytes, enterocytes, and the proximal tubule cells of kidney. PPAR-p is expressed ubiquitously and often at higher levels than PPAR-(Y and =y. PPAR-y is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and the immune system. Our results suggest new potential directions to investigate the functions of the different PPAR subtypes. (Endocri- nology 137: 354-366, 1996)
A NEW COMPRESSED-AIR-FOAM TECHNOLOGY

Because of its inexpensive cost and superior fire suppression performance, halon has been the agent of choice and has been used widely, including in applications where halon is not necessarily the only option. This prevented development of other fire suppression technologies that have good potential. With the restriction on the use of halons, it may be wise to look at some of the other fire suppression technologies as a basis for further development to substitute for halon.