Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a Sufficient Condition for Planar Graphs of Maximum Degree 6 to be Totally 7-Colorable

A total $k$-coloring of a graph is an assignment of $k$ colors to its vertices and edges such that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color. The Total Coloring Conjecture (TCC) states that every simple graph $G$ has a total ($\Delta(G)+2$)-coloring, where $\Delta(G)$ is the maximum degree of $G$. This conjecture has been confirmed for planar graphs with maximum degree at least 7 or at most 5, i.e., the only open case of TCC is that of maximum degree 6. It is known that every planar graph $G$ of $\Delta(G) \geq 9$ or $\Delta(G) \in \{7, 8\}$ with some restrictions has a total $(\Delta(G) + 1)$-coloring. In particular, in [Shen and Wang, "On the 7 total colorability of planar graphs with maximum degree 6 and without 4-cycles", Graphs and Combinatorics, 25: 401-407, 2009], the authors proved that every planar graph with maximum degree 6 and without 4-cycles has a total 7-coloring. In this paper, we improve this result by showing that every diamond-free and house-free planar graph of maximum degree 6 is totally 7-colorable if every 6-vertex is not incident with two adjacent 4-cycles or not incident with three cycles of size $p,q,\ell$ for some $\{p,q,\ell\}\in \{\{3,4,4\},\{3,3,4\}\}$.
Was this the face?

If it is true that, as J. A. Downie flatly declares, ‘‘We know next to nothing about Christopher Marlowe’’, we have had much ado about nothing in recent years. Park Honan’s biography comes hot on the heels of Constance Kuriyama’s Christopher Marlowe: A Renaissance Life (2002), the revised version of Charles Nicholl’s The Reckoning (2002, first published 1992) and David Riggs’s The World of Christopher Marlowe (2004). Honan is cool about these predecessors. Kuriyama’s, he says, is ‘‘a thoughtful biography with debatable interpretations’’ (as is his own); Nicholl’s is ‘‘not a biography’’ but has useful material on the Elizabethan espionage network (fair enough); Riggs’s is ‘‘intelligent on Marlowe’s art’’ but is elsewhere disdained anonymously as ‘‘a recent book’’ purveying misinformation. Honan corrects Riggs’s factual errors, as he should, but, for many, Riggs’s will be the more convincing account of the formation of Marlowe’s mind and personality, and of his distinctive achievements as a writer. Writers on Marlowe have always had to be wary of circularity; the man is deduced from the works, which are then used to interpret the man. ‘‘Scholars who claim to know the ‘real’ Marlowe’’, Lukas Erne points out in a recent trenchant essay, ‘‘claim to have access to the personality that it would have been Marlowe’s regular business
Review of the Role of Erythropoietin in Critical Leg Ischemia

There is a need to develop alternative treatment strategies for the 30% of patients with critical leg ischemia (CLI) for whom conventional modes of revascularization fail. The efficacy erythropoietin (EPO) in this regard has been verified in preclinical models. Erythropoietin receptors are expressed in the human skeletal muscle and possibly, upregulated in CLI. Furthermore, EPO induces angiogenesis and prevents apoptosis in the ischemic skeletal muscle. The use of EPO in conjunction with autologous bone marrow cells or gene-induced angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factor may be more effective in inducing angiogenesis and protecting the critically ischemic leg than EPO alone. The recently synthesized nonhemopoietic derivatives of EPO (eg, asialo erythropoietin and carbamylated erythropoietin) allow higher doses to be administered to achieve tissue protective effects, without an unwanted increase in hematocrit. This may allow translation of preclinical studies into clinical trials.
High-risk human papillomavirus viral load and persistence among heterosexual HIV-negative and HIV-positive men

Objectives High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) viral load is associated with HR-HPV transmission and HR-HPV persistence in women. It is unknown whether HR-HPV viral load is associated with persistence in HIV-negative or HIV-positive men. Methods HR-HPV viral load and persistence were evaluated among 703 HIV-negative and 233 HIV-positive heterosexual men who participated in a male circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda. Penile swabs were tested at baseline and 6, 12 and 24 months for HR-HPV using the Roche HPV Linear Array, which provides a semiquantitative measure of HPV shedding by hybridisation band intensity (graded: 1–4). Prevalence risk ratios (PRR) were used to estimate the association between HR-HPV viral load and persistent detection of HR-HPV. Results HR-HPV genotypes with high viral load (grade:3–4) at baseline were more likely to persist than HR-HPV genotypes with low viral load (grade: 1–2) among HIV-negative men (month 6: adjPRR=1.83, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.52; month 12: adjPRR=2.01, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.11), and HIV-positive men (month 6: adjPRR=1.33, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.67; month 12: adjPRR=1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.54). Long-term persistence of HR-HPV was more frequent among HIV-positive men compared with HIV-negative men (month 24: adjPRR=2.27, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.51). Persistence of newly detected HR-HPV at the 6-month and 12-month visits with high viral load were also more likely to persist to 24 months than HR-HPV with low viral load among HIV-negative men (adjPRR=1.67, 95% CI 0.88 to 3.16). Conclusions HR-HPV genotypes with high viral load are more likely to persist among HIV-negative and HIV-positive men, though persistence was more common among HIV-positive men overall. The results may explain the association between high HR-HPV viral load and HR-HPV transmission.
A 24-HOUR AMBULATORY ECG MONITORING IN ASSESSMENT OF QT INTERVAL DURATION AND DISPERSION IN ROWERS WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY

Myocardial hypertrophy (MH) due to cardiac pathology is characterized by an increase in QT interval duration and dispersion, while the findings for exercise-induced myocardial hypertrophy are contradictory. The majority of published research findings have not explored this relationship, but there have only been a few conducted studies using 24-hour ECG monitoring. The aim of the study was to determine the QT interval duration and dispersion in short-term and 24-hour ECG in endurance athletes with myocardial hypertrophy and without it. Methods: A total of 26 well-trained rowers underwent a resting 12-lead ECG, 24-hour ECG monitoring and echocardiography. Results: Athletes with MH (n = 7) at rest did not show any increase in QTc interval duration and dispersion, or mean and maximal QTc duration in Holter monitoring compared to athletes without MH (n = 19). Left ventricular mass was not significantly correlated with any QTc characteristics. Furthermore, athletes with MH had significantly longer mean QT (P = 0.01) and maximal QT (P = 0.018) intervals in Holter monitoring and higher 24-hour heart rate variability indexes due to stronger vagal effects. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that athlete's heart syndrome with myocardial hypertrophy as a benign phenomenon does not lead to an increase in QT interval duration, or increases in maximal and mean duration in a 24-hour ECG. An increase in QT interval duration in athletes may have an autonomic nature.
Hepatic Shunting of Eggs and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Bmpr2(+/-) Mice with Schistosomiasis.

RATIONALE Schistosomiasis is a major cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type-II receptor (BMPR-II) are the commonest genetic cause of PAH. OBJECTIVES To determine whether Bmpr2(+/-) mice are more susceptible to schistosomiasis-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Bmpr2(+/-) mice were infected percutaneously with Schistosoma mansoni. At 17 weeks postinfection, right ventricular systolic pressure and liver and lung egg counts were measured. Serum, lung and liver cytokine, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and liver histology were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS By 17 weeks postinfection, there was a significant increase in pulmonary vascular remodeling in infected mice. This was greater in Bmpr2(+/-) mice and was associated with an increase in egg deposition and cytokine expression, which induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation, in the lungs of these mice. Interestingly, Bmpr2(+/-) mice demonstrated dilatation of the hepatic central vein at baseline and postinfection, compared with WT. Bmpr2(+/-) mice also showed significant dilatation of the liver sinusoids and an increase in inflammatory cells surrounding the central hepatic vein, compared with WT. This is consistent with an increase in the transhepatic passage of eggs. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that levels of BMPR-II expression modify the pulmonary vascular response to chronic schistosomiasis. The likely mechanism involves the increased passage of eggs to the lungs, caused by altered diameter of the hepatic veins and sinusoids in Bmpr2(+/-) mice. Genetically determined differences in the remodeling of hepatic vessels may represent a new risk factor for PAH associated with schistosomiasis.
Shape and pattern containment of separable permutations

Every word has a shape determined by its image under the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence. We show that when a word w contains a separable (i.e., 3142- and 2413-avoiding) permutation \sigma\ as a pattern, the shape of w contains the shape of \sigma. As an application, we exhibit lower bounds for the lengths of supersequences of sets containing separable permutations.
A Faster Combinatorial Algorithm for the Generalized Circulation Problem

This paper presents a modified version of Algorithm MCF proposed by Goldberg, Plotkin and Tardos for the generalized circulation problem. This new combinatorial algorithm has a worst-case complexity that is better than the complexities of the MCF and Fat-Path combinatorial algorithms of Goldberg, Plotkin, and Tardos Goldberg, A. V. , S. A. Plotkin, E. Tardos. 1991. Combinatorial algorithms for the generalized circulation problem. Math. Oper. Res.16 351--379.
Relapsing polychondritis: clinical and immunogenetic analysis of 62 patients.

OBJECTIVE In this study we describe clinical and immunogenetic findings in 62 unselected patients with relapsing polychondritis. METHODS In a multicenter study, clinical data of 26 (41.9%) female and 36 (58.1%) male patients were collected. HLA-DR specificities were identified in 60, and the frequencies were compared with those in healthy controls. RESULTS The median age at the time of diagnosis was 46.6 years (range 17 to 86). 58 (93.5%) patients had auricular chondritis, 31 (50.0%) ocular symptoms, 35 (56.5%) nasal involvement. Involvement of joints (53.2%), respiratory system (30.6%), skin (24.2%), cardiovascular system (22.6%), central nervous system (9.7%), and kidneys (6.5%) was found as well. 22 (35.5%) patients had associated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. Susceptibility to relapsing polychondritis was significantly associated with HLA-DR4 (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the frequency or distribution of DRB1*04 subtype alleles between patients and healthy controls. The extent of organ involvement was negatively associated with HLA-DR6 (p < 0.011). CONCLUSION Immunogenetic findings as well as similarities and overlapping clinical symptoms with other autoimmune or rheumatic diseases suggest that immunological mechanisms play a major role in the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis.
High-Performance 45° Slant-Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna for 2–66-GHz UWB Applications

The development of a 2-66-GHz ultra-wideband 45° slantpolarized omnidirectional antenna (SPOA) is described. The antenna is radome enclosed and consists of a wideband biconical antenna that provides omnidirectional radiation patterns with vertical polarization and a multiscreen polarizer that converts vertical polarization into 45° slant-polarization. To achieve high-performance radiation characteristics, the geometrical dimensions of the multiscreen polarizer are optimized. Invasive weed optimization algorithm is used as an optimizer tool. In the optimization procedure, the antenna impedance bandwidth, pattern ripple in the azimuth plane, and copolarized gain/cross-polarized gain ratio are optimization goals. A prototype of the 45° SPOA is fabricated and measured. The measured voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna is less than 2.15. Moreover, experimental results show that pattern ripple in the azimuth plane is lower than ±1 dB, and copolarized gain/cross-polarized gain ratio is higher than 26 dB, over 2-40-GHz frequency band. The efficiency of the fabricated antenna both in bandwidth and optimality of the results is compared with a number of commercially available wideband 45° SPOAs. Comparison results show that the designed antenna outperforms other 45° SPOAs.
During Adult Liv United States Practice Patterns in the Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography er Transplantation

Objective: To characterize contemporary practice patterns in the use of transesophageal echocardiography during adult liver transplantation and to identify factors preventing more frequent use. Design: Online questionnaire. Setting: Liver transplantation centers in the United States performing 12 or more adult liver transplants in 2011. Participants: One representative from each qualifying center: The transplant anesthesiology director, a transplant anesthesiologist personally known to the authors, or the department of anesthesiology chair. Interventions: Three e-mail attempts were made to solicit participation in the study between June and August 2012. Measurements and Main Results: Of the 97 institutions identified, an anesthesiologist from each of 79 (81.4%) centers completed the questionnaire; 38.0% of centers reported routine use and 57.0% for special circumstances or rescue situations, yielding an overall use rate of 94.9%. This distribution was consistent regardless of operative volume, practice size, or academic affiliation. The sole factor
Short and long term variability of the interrupter technique under field and standardised conditions in 3–6 year old children

Background: The short and long term variability of the interrupter technique was assessed to determine whether interrupter resistance is a stable individual characteristic over time. The effect of field and standardised measurement conditions on the within-subject variability of the interrupter technique was also examined. Methods: The interrupter technique was studied under field and standardised conditions in children aged 3–6 years. Under field conditions, five investigators performed the measurements using two different measurement devices in random sequence. Both short term (20–30 minutes) and long term variability (median 38 days) were assessed in 32 children. Under standardised conditions, a single investigator conducted all measurements using a single device; the repeated measurements were conducted at the same time of day in a familiar quiet classroom. Long term variability (median 11 days) was estimated in 15 children. Within-subject standard deviations were estimated by analysis of variance with adjustment for the effects of different investigators and measurement devices on within-subject variability under field conditions. Results: Under field conditions within-subject standard deviations for short and long term variability were 0.10 kPa/l/s (adjusted 0.10 kPa/l/s) and 0.13 kPa/l/s (adjusted 0.14 kPa/l/s), respectively. Under standardised conditions the within-subject standard deviation for long term variability was 0.10 kPa/l/s. Conclusions: Measurement of interrupter resistance under field conditions only slightly increased the within-subject variability compared with standardised conditions. The results indicate that interrupter resistance is a stable individual characteristic over a period of some weeks.
The efficacy of pursed-lips breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a limited ventilatory reserve. With increasingly severe disease, patients become unable to maintain ventilation adequate to prevent hypoxia and hypercapnia. Since the altered mechanics of ventilation are largely due to irreversible changes in the lung parenchyma and airways, effective forms of therapy are limited. One of the cornerstones in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the use of breathing exercises designed to increase tidal volume and diminish uneven ventilation. The most widely used breathing exercise utilizes prolongation of expiration with and without the active use of diaphragmatic muscles (1, 2). A commonly employed method to achieve this prolongation is expiration through pursed lips. There have been no studies, by means of blood gases and ventilatory measurements as to whether the employment of pursed-lips expiration is beneficial to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is a matter of common clinical observation that many patients with severe emphysema spontaneously expire through pursedlips, especially when they become unusually short of breath. Aside from theoretical considerations on how this form of breathing may improve the ventilation of these patients, the frequent teaching of this method of breathing has no firm basis in physiologic studies. Accordingly, this study has been conducted to elucidate the efficacy of pursed-lips breathing and the mechanism of the presumed improvement in ventilation.
Unusually intense 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by a mature ovarian teratoma: A pitfall of FDG positron emission tomography

We present a 32‐year‐old woman with an ovarian tumor. A large ovarian tumor with solid components was detected by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed strong enhancement within the solid component. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography was performed for further evaluation and intense FDG uptake into the solid component was observed with standardized uptake values of 12.8 in the early phase and 14.8 in the delayed phase. Therefore, we could not rule out the possibility of a malignant ovarian tumor, and the patient underwent unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy through laparotomy. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as a mature teratoma with no malignant elements. Histological examination revealed the solid component to be composed mainly of central nervous tissue, which was most likely to be responsible for the intense FDG uptake.
Genetic Basis of Human Brain

Selected Reading There is also the question of why the absence of IRC is enough to cause mortality. ROS have been widely Basset, A. , Khush, R.S. , Braun, A. , Gardan, L. , Boccard, F. , Hoffstudied for their role in signaling, tissue injury, regulation mann, J.A. , and Lemaitre, B. (2000). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA of vascular tone, and control of inflammation. High levels 97, 3376–3381. of ROS have been implicated in long-term effects like Basset, A. , Tzou, P., Lemaitre, B. , and Boccard, F. (2003). EMBO aging and DNA damage (reviewed in Fang, 2004). But Rep. 4, 205–210. what makes the ROS so toxic to flies? Is the oxidative Brandt, S.M. , Dionne, M.S., Khush, R.S. , Pham, L.N. , Vigdal, T.J., stress enough to induce tissue damage and death? Or and Schneider, D.S. (2004). PLoS Biol. 2(12), e418 10.1371/journal.pbio. 0020418. are the ROS involved in signaling to specific mechanisms that initiate programmed cell death? Recent literaDe Gregorio, E. , Spellman, P.T. , Rubin, G.M. , and Lemaitre, B. (2001). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 12590–12595. ture shows other evidence of immune-induced signaling Fang, F.C. (2004). Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2, 820–832. molecules having a harmful effect on fly survival (Brandt
Revisiting CK 17 Linearly Homomorphic Ring Signature based on SIS

In SCIS 2017, Choi and Kim introduced the new linearly homomorphic ring signature scheme (CK17 scheme) based on the hardness of SIS problem, which overcomes the limitation of Boneh and Freeman’s scheme to implement homomorphic signatures to the real world scenario under multiple signers setting for a message. They replace the original sampling algorithm SamplePre() by Gentry et al. with Wang and Sun’s sampling algorithm GenSamplePre() to achieve the multiple-signer functionality but their work is lack of the rigorous security proof. Thus, this paper revisits the CK17 scheme and makes an advanced definition which is subring-identical linearly homomorphic signature, and suggests a security requirements on it. Then, we show the correctness and subring-identical linear homomorphism of the proposed scheme.
Social networks, risk-potential networks, health, and disease

Driven in part by recent research in the epidemiology and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and other sexually transmitted or blood-borne infections, the topic of social networks has become the focus of considerable interest and discussion. Networks offer the promise of a way to move the analytic focus one step “above” that of the individual, to consider the patterns through which individuals are linked in small groups and through them in large “sociometric” networks. Thus, network approaches offer a way to apply the analytic insights and computerized techniques of systems theories to studies of the flow of social support, social influence, and infectious diseases through populations and, as well, among organizations. Before going on, though, it might be useful to explain what a network is, what kinds of networks are of most interest, and what some key terms used in network analysis are. This can be done in mathematical language, such that a network is a set of nodes plus the set of connections linking some or all of these nodes to each other. It might be more useful, however, to use a few diagrams to explain these concepts in specific contexts relevant to the study of health and disease.
Tethering the Z ring to the membrane through a conserved membrane targeting sequence in FtsA

The cytokinetic Z ring is required for bacterial cell division. It consists of polymers of FtsZ, the bacterial ancestor of eukaryotic tubulin, linked to the cytoplasmic membrane. Formation of a Z ring in Escherichia coli occurs as long as one of two proteins, ZipA or FtsA, is present. Both of these proteins bind FtsZ suggesting that they might function to tether FtsZ filaments to the membrane. Although ZipA has a transmembrane domain and therefore can function as a membrane anchor, interaction of FtsA with the membrane has not been explored. In this study we demonstrate that FtsA, which is structurally related to eukaryotic actin, has a conserved C‐terminal amphipathic helix that is essential for FtsA function. It is required to target FtsA to the membrane and subsequently to the Z ring. As FtsA is much more widely conserved in bacteria than ZipA, it is likely that FtsA serves as the principal membrane anchor for the Z ring.
The current state of tuberculosis vaccines

Tuberculosis continues to persist despite widespread use of BCG, the only licensed vaccine to prevent TB. BCG's limited efficacy coupled with the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis emphasizes the need for a more effective vaccine for combatting this disease. However, the development of a TB vaccine is hindered by the lack of immune correlates, suboptimal animal models, and limited funding. An adolescent/adult vaccine would have the greatest public health impact, but effective delivery of such a vaccine will require a better understanding of global TB epidemiology, improved infrastructure, and engagement of public health leaders and global manufacturers. Here we discuss the current state of tuberculosis vaccine research and development, including our understanding of the underlying immunology as well as the challenges and opportunities that may hinder or facilitate the development of a new and efficacious vaccine.