Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognizing fracture pattern signatures contributed by seismic loadings

The impacts of seismic loadings to fault zone rocks still are not well understood. Although field and experimental studies have suggested several markers, such as pseudotachylytes and pulverized rocks, for indicating seismic loadings, the corresponding markers of other types or at larger scales still are lacking. Drawing from the results of dynamic ruptures with off-fault damage, we have recognized several additional fracture features that may be used to reflect the involvement of seismic loadings. For strike-slip faults stressed at moderate to high angles, synthetic R shear is more favored during rupture propagation, but pronounced antithetic R′ shear can be generated around the termination end of the rupture. In addition, suitably oriented weak structures off the main fault can further facilitate the activation of R′ shear. For low-angle thrust faults such as subduction zones, splay faults in the form of forethrusts and backthrusts still can be generated above the coseismic rupture zone. These faults show an increased spatial extent toward the updip direction, effectively defining an outer wedge susceptible to pervasive compressional failure over its entire depth range. Moreover, a deeply nucleated megathrust rupture that eventually reaches the trench can sequentially load the frontal wedge in compression and then in extension, with the potential to leave a mixture of triggered reverse and normal faults at the final stage. Because the above results also are supported by many observations, they raise a caution that existing fault models ignoring dynamic effects should be used with care and that seismic loadings must be considered more seriously by future fault zone studies.
Predicting suitable habitats of endangered Juniperus procera tree under climate change in Northern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Juniperus procera is the most preferred tree in Ethiopia. It is an endangered tree species enumerated in IUCN red list. Accordingly, this study investigates the future suitable habitat of the J. procera under climate change in northern Ethiopia. Three occurrence districts were visited and 124 presence observations were taken. The records, altitude, and 19 bio-climatic variables were used to run a species distribution model to account for the climate change effect on the species. Maxent, Diva-GIS, and ArcGIS were used to evaluate the outputs. Future suitable habitats were projected into mid and end-century time frames with two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6 and 8.5) under one General Circulation Model, namely the Climate Community System Model Version-4. Our results showed that minimum temperature of the coldest month and altitude are main predictors of the distribution of the species. Suitable habitats of the species will be decreased by 79.84%, 91.17%, 75.31%, and 96.25% in Mid-century RCP2.6, Mid-century RCP8.5, End-century RCP2.6, and End-century RCP8.5 when compared with current distributions, respectively. This indicates that climate change will affect the future distribution of the species. The results of the study indicate that appropriate management strategies must be taken to ensure the long-term survival of J. procera.
Szczątki roślin towarzyszące ichtiofaunie w oligoceńskich wapieniach jasielskich w Sobniowie koło Jasła

PLANT REMAINS ACCOMPANYING ICHTYOFAUNA IN THE OLIGOCENE JASŁO LIMESTONES AT SOBNIOW NEAR JASŁO (SOUTHERN POLAND) Summary Megafossils found in the Jaslo limestones at Sobnioware described. The abundantichtyofauna from this locality is well known (Jerzmanska, 1960). Most of the specimens consist ofimprints ofthe vegetative parts of algal bodiesAlgitesspp. The Phanerophyta are represented by leaves (or leaflets) of dicotyledons: ? Palaeocarya sp. , Laurophyllum prince ps (Heer) Krausel et Weyland, the Theaceaefamily, and one leaf (leaflet? ) ofLeguminosae type sensu Berger. AIso some leaves of monocotyledons are present. The specimens of leaves at Sobniow are the first set of fossil remains of Phanerophytadecsribed from the Oligocene of Poland.
Wideband high‐gain multiresonance antenna based on polarization‐dependent metasurface

In this article, a novel polarization‐dependent metasurface (PDMS) structure is presented and applied to realize a wideband high‐gain antenna with multiple resonances. The PDMS element is obtained by cutting slots into the square patch unit cell of conventional metasurface (MS). Very different from the conventional MS structure, the proposed PDMS element exhibits different reflection phases and resonance frequencies, depending on the polarization state of the incident plane wave. By properly tailoring the reflection‐phase curves under different polarizations, a proper PDMS structure is introduced. Then, by arranging the PDMS elements along different orientations, a multiresonance radiator can be realized. When applying the proposed radiator to the slot‐coupled MS antenna, one broadband PDMS‐based antenna with multiple adjacent resonance frequencies can be realized by the combination of coupling slot‐mode and PDMS modes. For verification, a PDMS radiator with 4 × 4 unit cells is designed accordingly and applied to realize one C‐band broadband PDMS‐based antenna in a low profile (0.06 λ0). The measured results of the fabricated prototype PDMS‐based antenna exhibit a large –10 dB impedance bandwidth of 55% (4.31‐7.58 GHz), a maximum available gain of 10.898 dBi, and a 2‐dB gain bandwidth of 30.81% (5.1‐6.96 GHz).
Assessing Resources Management for Sharing Economy in Urban Logistics

Sharing economy requires cities to redefine their management strategies. As a consequence of the development of new ideas, the main aim of modern cities should focus on achieving the sustainable use of resources. In the existing literature, only a partial analysis of resources management in cities can be found. For this reason, the authors decided to prepare the framework for empirical research about resources management in sharing economy in cities, especially in the urban logistics system. The main aim of the study is systematizing criteria related to the assessment of the management of urban resources in the era of sharing economy. To achieve the goal of the research, a systematic literature review was made according to chosen approaches and procedures. This resulted in creating a set of criteria for the analysis and evaluation of resources management in urban areas. It contains five areas with 26 criteria and a map of assumed correlations between them. Those outcomes can be used by local authorities or even other urban logistics stakeholders to define or improve their actions aimed at developing a sharing economy services portfolio on the local market. Additionally, they constitute a set of initial information for further scientific research.
QTL mapping for heat tolerance related traits using backcross inbred lines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Heat stress is one of the most limiting factors for the production of wheat. Global warming and consequent changes in climate adversely affect wheat plant growth and yield. To elucidate genetic basis and map heat tolerance traits, a set of 134 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from the cross between WH730/*2 HD2733 was used. The population was evaluated under late sown (LS) and very late sown (VLS) conditions, by exposing to heat stress during rabi season. Positive association of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), thousand grain weight (TGW), grain weight per spike (GWS), biomass and grain yield (GY) under both production conditions was observed. However, canopy temperature (CT) and days to heading (DH) showed negative correlation with GY under heat stress. A total of 9 Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were discovered on 7 chromosomes, which includes 4 QTLs in LS and 5 QTLs under VLS condition. Combining the results of these QTLs revealed a major stable QTL for DH (qDH_iari_5A) on chromosome 5A with 23% and 26% explaining phenotypic variance under both sowing conditions. QTL for NDVI was detected on chromosome 1B while QTL for SL and GY on chromosome 2A. The identified QTLs in the genomic regions could be targeted for genetic improvement and marker assisted selection for heat tolerance in wheat.
Comparison Study of Multiple Precipitation Forcing Data on Hydrological Modeling and Projection in the Qujiang River Basin

As a key factor in the water cycle and climate change, the quality of precipitation data directly affects the hydrological processes of the river basin. Although many precipitation products with high spatial and temporal resolutions are now widely used, it is meaningful and necessary to investigate and evaluate their merits and demerits in hydrological applications. In this study, two satellite-based precipitation products (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission, TRMM; Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM, IMERG) and one reanalysis precipitation product (China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, CMADS) are studied to compare their streamflow simulation performance in the Qujiang River Basin, China, using the SWAT model with gauged rainfall data as a reference. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) CMADS has stronger precipitation detection capabilities compared to gauged rainfall, while TRMM results in the most obvious overestimation in the four sub-basins. (2) In daily and monthly streamflow simulations, CMADS + SWAT mode offers the best performance. CMADS and IMERG can provide high quality precipitation data for data-scarce areas, and IMERG can effectively avoid the overestimation of streamflow caused by TRMM, especially on a daily scale. (3) The runoff projections of the three modes under RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 was higher than that of RCP 8.5 on the whole. IMERG + SWAT overestimates the surface water resources of the basin compared to CMADS + SWAT, while TRMM + SWAT provides the most stable uncertainty. These findings contribute to the comparison of the differences among the three precipitation products and provides a reference for the selection of precipitation data in similar regions.
Biocompatible ionic liquids and their applications in pharmaceutics

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as solvents or materials, or both, in many applications, including pharmaceutics and medicine due to their exceptional properties consisting of the combination of “green” properties with tunable physicochemical and biological properties. The use of ILs in the pharmaceutical industry can address many challenges associated with the use of conventional organic solvents or water. ILs have been established as potential solvents to solubilize many insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs for formulations or delivery. The use of ILs can also address many of the drawbacks of solid-state drugs, including polymorphism and low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. However, many ILs are inherently toxic, which is the main challenge toward developing IL-based drug formulations and drug delivery systems. The use of second- and third-generation ILs comprising more biocompatible cations and anions, compared with the first-generation ILs, has considerably addressed the toxicity issue. A wide range of biocompatible ILs have been designed to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as the biological activity, of drugs. This review describes the advances in the area of green IL-related research and emphasizes the new conceptual development of ILs in pharmaceutics and medicine. Particular attention is given to the mechanistic knowledge in the synthesis of ILs, as well as to the ecotoxicological and biological impact of biocompatible ILs, stimulating the understanding of innovative technologies in IL-based drug delivery systems.
Experimental design for fully nonlinear source location problems: which method should I choose?

S U M M A R Y Statistical experimental design (SED) is the field of statistics concerned with designing experiments to obtain as much information as possible about a target of interest. SED algorithms can be divided into two categories: those that assume a linear or linearized relationship between measured data and parameters, and those that account for a fully nonlinear relationship. We compare the most commonly used linear method, Bayesian D-optimization, to two nonlinear methods, maximum entropy design and DN-optimization, in a synthetic seismological source location problem where we define a region of the subsurface in which earthquake sources are likely to occur. Example random sources in this region are sampled with a uniform distribution and their arrival time data across the ground surface are forward modelled; the goal of SED is to define a surface monitoring network that optimally constrains this set of source locations given the data that would be observed. Receiver networks so designed are evaluated on performance—the percentage of earthquake pairs whose arrival time differences are above a threshold of measurement uncertainty at each receiver, the number of prior samples (earthquakes) required to evaluate the statistical performance of each design and the SED compute time for different subsurface velocity models. We find that DN-optimization provides the best results both in terms of performance and compute time. Linear design is more computationally expensive and designs poorer performing networks. Maximum entropy design is shown to be effectively impractical due to the large number of samples and long compute times required.
Application of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus for reducing fouling of membranes used for wastewater treatment

Abstract Background Membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems used for wastewater treatment (WWT) processes are regarded as clean technologies. Degradation capacity of the predator bacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, was used as a cleaning strategy for reducing membrane fouling. Method Wastewater with different sludge age and hydraulic retention time were filtered through Poly(ether)sulphone (PES) membranes using dead end reactor. Change in filtration performance after cleaning of membrane surface by B. bacteriovorus was measured by comparison of flux values. Bacterial community of the sludge was determined by 16SrRNA sequence analysis. Community profile of membrane surface was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Results After cleaning of MP005 and UP150 membranes with predator bacteria, 4.8 L/m2·h and 2.04 L/m2·h increase in stable flux at steady state condition was obtained as compared to the control, respectively. Aeromonas, Proteus, and Alcaligenes species were found to be dominant members of the sludge. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus lysed pure cultures of the isolated sludge bacteria successfully. FISH analysis of the membrane surface showed that Alfa-proteobacteria are the most numerous bacteria among the biofilm community on the membrane surface. Conclusion Results suggested that cleaning of MBR membranes with B. bacteriovorus has a potential to be used as a biological cleaning method.
Trajectory tracking control of a wheeled mobile robot in the presence of matched uncertainties via a composite control approach

In the present work, a novel method is devised for controlling an uncertain wheeled mobile robot (WMR) in a desired path. To achieve this objective, an optimal and robust control system with adaptive gains is combined to benefit from the advantages of both methods. In fact, applying this controller not only controls a nonlinear system robustly against uncertainties and external disturbances, but also optimizes a quadratic cost function. Also, since the upper bound of uncertainty is determined by an adaptive law, it does not need to be adjusted manually. To ensure the designed controller's finite time stability, Lyapunov theory is used. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, a case study involving a WMR is presented. By comparing the results of this approach with those of an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC), it is shown that the proposed controller uses less control effort, relative to the ASMC controller, to stabilize the uncertain WMR in the presence of external disturbances.
What is Speciation Genomics? The roles of ecology, gene flow, and genomic architecture in the formation of species

As is true of virtually every realm of the biological sciences, our understanding of speciation is increasingly informed by the genomic revolution of the past decade. Investigators can ask detailed questions relating to both the extrinsic (e.g. inter- and intra-population and ecological interactions) and intrinsic (e.g. genome content and architecture) forces that drive speciation. Technologies ranging from restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), to whole genome sequencing and assembly, to transcriptomics, to CRISPR are revolutionizing the means by which investigators can both frame and test hypotheses of lineage diversification. Our review aims to examine both extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of speciation. Genome-scale data have already served to fundamentally clarify the role of gene flow during (and after) speciation, although we predict that the differential propensity for speciation among phylogenetic lineages will be one of the most exciting frontiers for future genomic investigation. We propose that a unified theory of speciation will take into account the idiosyncratic features of genomic architecture examined in the light of each organism’s biology and ecology drawn from across the full breadth of the Tree of Life.
A new method to detect targets in hyperspectral images based on principal component analysis

Abstract Target detection (TD) is a major task in hyperspectral image (HSI) processing which, due to the high spectral resolution, requires dealing with the curse of dimensionality. The integrated feature extraction and selection is a well-known solution for dimensionality reduction of HSIs. In this study, a new method is presented to improve the performance of TD algorithms based on principal component analysis (PCA) feature space. In this method, using the implantation of the target spectrum (TS) in the HSI and following the simulated targets in the PCA feature space, the best principal components (PCs) are selected. Then, using the mixing and unmixing coefficients of the PCs, a new TS and a new image in the PCA feature space are created. Afterwards, using the new spectrum of the target, the TD algorithm is run on the new HSI. The performance of the proposed method is compared to nine counterpart algorithms on Hymap and Hyperion HSI. All the comparisons are performed using adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) TD algorithm. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method, compared to its counterparts, yields superior performance based on the false alarm rate (FAR) measure. It gives an average FAR value of about 16, which is approximately 9% better than that of its best counterparts.
Food Values, Benefits and Their Influence on Attitudes and Purchase Intention: Evidence Obtained at Fast-Food Hamburger Restaurants

This paper analyzes the effects of: (i) Food values on their related benefits (hedonic and utilitarian); (ii) both kinds of benefits on attitudes toward eating hamburgers; and (iii) attitudes on purchase intention. To this end, we adapted the food values scale to the context of fast-food hamburger restaurants. Data were collected from a survey of 512 Mexican consumers and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that the strongest influences are those exerted by food values, first, on hedonic benefits and, second, on utilitarian benefits. In contrast, the weakest influence is that exerted by utilitarian benefits on attitudes, followed by that exerted by hedonic benefits on attitudes. Among other findings, this study highlights the importance consumers give to the taste and safety of food, as well as the greater importance given to hedonic benefits compared to utilitarian ones. These findings have several important implications for managers in the industry.
Etapas para validação de instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida

A avaliação da qualidade de vida por meio de escalas e questionários tem sido cada vez mais utilizada, principalmente depois que suas propriedades psicométricas foram comprovadas como um parâmetro válido e reprodutível. A maior parte dos instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida foram criados na língua inglesa. Para esses instrumentos serem usados em uma população de idioma e cultura diferentes é necessário seguir algumas etapas para a sua tradução, adaptação cultural do idioma e avaliação de suas propriedades psicométricas. O objetivo dessa revisão integrativa foi fazer uma breve descrição das etapas de tradução e adaptação cultural dos instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida e descrever detalhadamente as propriedades psicométricas necessárias para avaliar sua validade e confiabilidade. Foram feitas buscas nas bases eletrônicas MEDLINE, SciELO e BVS com os seguintes descritores: Questionários (Questionnaires); Escalas (Scales); Tradução (Translating); Confiabilidade (Reliability); Validade (Validity). De acordo com os resultados da literatura analisada, um conjunto de instruções padronizadas para a tradução e adaptação cultural dos instrumentos de qualidade de vida devem incluir cinco passos: tradução, síntese, tradução de volta, revisão pelo comitê e pré-teste. Para avaliar a manutenção das características originais dos instrumentos traduzidos e adaptados culturalmente, os domínios confiabilidade e validade foram os mais utilizados. O domínio confiabilidade contém as propriedades psicométricas: consistência interna, confiabilidade (teste-reteste, inter-avaliador e intra-avaliador) e erro de medida. O domínio validade contém as propriedades psicométricas: validade de construção, validade de conteúdo e validade de critério. Assim, com esse artigo de revisão, espera-se ajudar os profissionais de saúde a identificar e distinguir esses diferentes domínios e propriedades psicométricas ao utilizar um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida ou ao realizar um estudo de validação.
Network Speed Scaling

Speed scaling for a network of servers represented by a directed acyclic graph is considered. Jobs arrive at a source server, with a specified destination server, and are defined to be complete once they are processed by all servers on any feasible path between the source and the corresponding destination. Each server has variable speed, with power consumption function P, a convex increasing function of the speed. The objective is to minimize the sum of the flow time (summed across jobs) and the energy consumed by all the servers, which depends on how jobs are routed, as well as how server speeds are set. Algorithms are derived for both the worst case and stochastic job arrivals setting, whose competitive ratio depends only on the power functions and path diversity in the network, but is independent of the workload.
Media and Politics in Indonesia: The Alignments of the Media in the 2019 Elections

This study aims to determine the framing of the news in the Kompas and the Republika newspapers on the debates of the presidential and vicepresidential candidates in the 2019 elections in the Republic of Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method comprising the framing analysis developed by Zongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki which suggests four analytical tools, namely Syntactic, Script, Thematic and Rhetorical structures. The results showed that the Kompas newspaper reported the presidential and vice-presidential debates in a balanced and neutral manner, because the owners of this media were not affiliated with any political interests in the 2019 presidential elections. The Republika newspaper constructed the news of the presidential and vicepresidential debates by giving coverage to news in favour of the presidential election of Jokowi and Ma'ruf Amin. This is influenced by media ownership factors, as its owner, Erick Thohir is a chairman of the National Winning Team (TKN) for Jokowi and Ma'ruf Amin.