Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in quality attributes of pink guava (Psidium guajava) powder with respect to different drying techniques and maltodextrin concentrations

Implication of drying techniques in preservation of fruit juice has huge advantage in quality control and packaging sector. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of drying techniques and maltodextrin concentrations on physicochemical attributes of pink guava powder. Pink guava puree was dried at -110oC and 0.001 mbar by freeze drying and at 170oCinlet air temperature and 350 ml/hr feed flow rate by spray drying with 10-20% maltodextrin concentration (MDC). The drying methods (DM) and MDC had significant effect on powder properties. Spray drying was more effective reducing the moisture content and water activity to 2.86% and 0.377, respectively, whereas, freeze drying was more suitablein the retention of color, lycopene and vitamin C. Spray drying was more economic method compared to freeze drying. Overall, spray-dried pink guava powder produced with 20% MDC had better quality than that of freeze-dried powder in terms of lowest moisture content (2.17%), lowest water activity (0.33), highest glass transition temperature (215oC), less electricity and time consumption, anda moderate retention of lycopene and vitamin C.
Egg Morphology of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the fraterculus Group using Scanning Electron Microscopy

ABSTRACT We describe detailed scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of eggs of six Anastrepha species in the fraterculus group: Anastrepha antunesi Lima, Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González, Anastrepha distincta Greene, Anastrepha turpiniae Stone, and Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, for the first time. Eggs were dissected from females captured in McPhail traps in Cariri in the state of Tocantins; Itacoatiara, Manaus, and Presidente Figueiredo in the state of Amazonas; and Porto Velho in the state of Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon. Eggs were examined using both scanning electron and optical microscopes. At least 10 eggs were examined for each species by using SEM, and 20–35 eggs per female of at least three females of each species were prepared for light microscopy. The eggs of all six species are similar in gross morphology. They are tapered at both ends, have a papilla at the anterior pole, and the micropyle is located on the dorsal side near the anterior pole. Diagnostic characters to differentiate among these six species include the chorion ornamentation, location of aeropyles, and a pronounced rim of the chorion with a woolly appearance surrounding the micropyle. None of the eggs of the studied species had a conspicuous respiratory appendage.
Eesti keele nimeolemite märgendaja analüüs ja parandamine

: Named entity recognition is a task in information extraction that aims to find proper names from text and categorizing them. There is one previous published research on named entity recognition for Estonian and as a result of that research, a named entity recognizer for Estonian was developed which is accessible through the EstNLTK project. The purpose of this thesis is to port the recognizer to the newest version of EstNLTK and analyse its performance. As a result of that analysis, rule-based improvements are proposed for the named entity recognizer. The improvements that have a positive effect on the performance of the named entity recognizer are implemented.
Predicting the Earthquake Magnitude along Zagros Fault Using Time Series and Ensemble Model

Predicting the earthquake magnitude is a complex problem, which has been carried out in recent years. The machine learning, geophysical, and regression methods were used to predict earthquake magnitude in literature. Iran is located in a highly seismically active area; thus, earthquake prediction is considered as a great demand there. In this study, two time series algorithms are utilized to predict the magnitude of the earthquake based on previous earthquakes. These models are autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and the combination of ARIMA and GARCH by multiple linear regression (MLR) technique (model 3). The 9017 events are used to train and predict earthquake magnitude. On the other hand, 6188 events are applied for training models, and then 2829 events are utilized for testing it. The statistical parameters, such as correlation coefficient, root mean square error (RMSE), normalized square error (NMSE), and fractional bias, are calculated to evaluate the accuracy of each model. The results demonstrate that the ARIMA and model 3 can predict future earthquake magnitude better than other models.
Ecophenotypic variation in the Flat Tree Oyster, Isognomon alatus (Bivalvia: Isognomonidae), across a tidal microhabitat gradient

Abstract Isognomon alatus is a sessile intertidal bivalve species that attaches to hard substrata. Within the Florida Keys, where tidal ranges are usually less than 1 m, settlement sites only a few centimetres apart experience drastically different tidal microhabitats. These varying conditions may create morphological gradients that can complicate taxonomic designations. To quantify and characterize the conchological effects of this microhabitat gradient and estimate the degree to which these effects can confuse species identification, I. alatus was studied in relation to tidal position using geometric morphometrics. Isognomon alatus was only found at positions 0.4 m below the highest tide mark, positions exposed to air less than 80% of the time. Below this limit specimen size, immersion time, and area available all covary. Shape differences due to ontogeny were removed using regression and the remaining phenotypic variation within these specimens is significantly correlated with the measured habitat conditions, immersion time being the more robust predictor. The observed phenotype effects are small but can influence species identification. Species assignment tests between I. alatus and the morphologically similar Indo-Pacific I. ephippium ranged in accuracy from 98 to 90% across microhabitat conditions.
Some insights of novel COVID 19 virus: structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease where the first infected case reported in Wuhan city-China, then it was spread worldwide. The causative agent belongs to novel enveloped single linear positive-sense stranded RNA Coronavirus, which is also called SARS-CoV-2 and has an affinity to lung cells. The genetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 suggested that this novel strain may be developed from the animal. origin by recombination between a bat SARS-like CoV and a coronavirus of unknown origin. The ability of the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from person to other is similar or even more than to other human viruses like influenza or plague leading to be announced as a pandemic by WHO in 2020. The mortality rate in SARS-CoV-2 increased day by day and this led the scientists to search for ways to control the virus. Most of the deaths in aged patients may be due to immune response complications where 70% of patients showed lymphopenia. This review provided some details about structure, pathogenicity, and immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The facts in this review lead to suggest that in most cases the death in SARS-CoV-2 may occur via loss of systemic inflammatory response control which leading to lung injury followed by pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and respiratory failure, hence the death especially in old patients. In concluding the early effective control of both innate and adaptive immunity may be a critical key factor in protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Once bitten twice shy: long-term behavioural changes caused by trapping experience in willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus

In dangerous situations, animals learn from experience to anticipate risks during similar subsequent occasions. Mist netting may represent just such a dangerous occasion and may serve as a tool to get insight into whether and how memorizing and recognition of the circumstances that form the prelude to a recapture can alter the animal's behaviour after capture, as well as it may affect the subsequent recapture rates. We used a playback lure to study the capture latency in willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus, both without any and with a previous capture experience (either in the same year or in a previous one). We found increased response latencies to the playback lure for experienced males, compared to naive males. Naive males responded faster in the presence of a mist net than without a mist net; while experienced males tended to increase their response latencies. Individuals with between-year capture experience showed exactly the same response pattern as individuals with a capture experience within the same year. These findings suggest that the birds may recall the capture event even a year later. It is very likely that the playback lure, with or without the net's presence, contributed significantly to the apparent risk of detection. We believe our study reveals that long-lasting modifications of behaviour induced by capture and handling deserve further attention, as they might have a serious impact on the value of behavioural and ecological data, which is either based upon observing captured individuals and/or upon the recapture rates.
ELECTRO-OSMOTIC FLOW OF COUPLE STRESS FLUIDS IN A MICROCHANNEL PROPAGATED BY PERISTALSIS

U SIR is a digi t al collec tion of t h e r e s e a r c h ou t p u t of t h e U nive r si ty of S alford. Whe r e copyrigh t p e r mi t s, full t ex t m a t e ri al h eld in t h e r e posi to ry is m a d e fre ely availabl e online a n d c a n b e r e a d , dow nloa d e d a n d copied for no nco m m e rcial p riva t e s t u dy o r r e s e a r c h p u r pos e s . Ple a s e c h e ck t h e m a n u sc rip t for a ny fu r t h e r copyrig h t r e s t ric tions.
Cynodon dactylon

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Subordinate taxa: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. afghanicus J. R. Harlan & de Wet Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. aridus J. R. Harlan & de Wet Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. coursii (A. Camus) J. R. Harlan & de Wet Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. elegans Rendle Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. polevansii (Stent) J. R. Harlan & de Wet Other subordinate taxa are suggested by various authors, but are not recognised in the GRIN database. These include: Cynodon dactylon Steud. var. affinis ( Caro & Sánchez ) C.Romero Zarco Cynodon dactylon Steud. f. glabrescens ( Beck ) SoÓ Cynodon dactylon Steud. f. major ( Beck ) SoÓ Cynodon dactylon Steud. subsp. nipponicus ( Ohwi ) T.Koyama Cynodon dactylon Steud. var. parviglumis ( Ohwi ) F.R. Fosberg & M.H. Sachet Cynodon dactylon Steud. var. septentrionalis ( Asch. & Graebn. ) Ravarut Cynodon dactylon Steud. f. vivipara Beetle Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Cynodon dactylon subsp. hirsutissimus Litard. & Maire Cynodon dactylon var. longiglumis Caro & E.A. Sanchez Cynodon dactylon var. maritima ( Kunth ) Hack. Cynodon dactylon var. maritimum Hack. Cynodon dactylon var. pilosus Caro & E.A. Sanchez Cynodon dactylon var. pulchellus Benth.
Social Security, Intergenerational Transfers, and Growth

The paper studies the effects of social security on the long-run per capita income growth and population growth. We incorporate the substitutional effect of social security on intergenerational transfers for old-age support within the family into an endogenous growth model. We find that under either an unfunded social security system or a fully funded social security system, the effects of social security on growth largely depend on parents’ taste for the quantity of children. Social security may promote economic growth if increasing the social security tax reduces intergenerational transfers and population growth rate. Quantitative results verify the theoretical conclusions and show that an unfunded social security system is more effective in substituting intergenerational transfers within the family and hence is more likely to stimulate economic growth.
he Efficacy of Telephone Counseling for Health Promotion n People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized ontrolled Trial

Objective: To determine if motivational interviewing-based elephone counseling increases health promotion activities and mproves other health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis MS). Design: Randomized controlled trial with wait-list controls nd single-blinded outcome assessments conducted at baseline nd at 12 weeks. Setting: MS research and training center in the Pacific orthwest. Participants: Community-residing persons (N 130) with hysician confirmed MS aged 18 or older who were able to alk unassisted at least 90m (300ft). Intervention: A single in-person motivational interview folowed by 5 scheduled telephone counseling sessions to faciliate improvement in 1 of 6 health promotion areas: exercise, atigue management, communication and/or social support, nxiety and/or stress management, and reducing alcohol or ther drug use. Main Outcome Measures: Health Promotion Lifestyle Prole II plus fatigue impact, subjective health, and objective easures of strength, fitness, and cognition. Intent-to-treat nalyses of change scores were analyzed using nonparametric ests. Results: Seventy persons were randomized to treatment and 0 to the control condition. The treatment group reported ignificantly greater improvement in health promotion activiies, including physical activity, spiritual growth, and stress anagement as well as in fatigue impact and mental health ompared with controls. In addition, the exerciser subgroup howed greater improvement than controls in self-selected alking speed.
A cloned 23S rRNA gene fragment of Bacillus subtilis and its use as a hybridization probe of conserved character

Abstract A subclone of plasmid p14B8 containing the major part of a 23S rRNA gene of Bacillus subtilis was constructed and designated pJK1. Labeled plasmid pJK1 could be used as a DNA probe with conserved gene sequences. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between filter-bound DNA from various bacteria and labeled pJK1 showed a good correlation between oligonucleotide sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and DNA homology values. Application of suboptimal or stringent hybridization conditions and an additional short incubation under the same conditions following hybridization yielded the best data for differentiating organisms related to B. subtilis from less or non-related bacteria.
Coral reefs and community around larak island (Persian Gulf)

Field surveys pertaining to coral reef studies were performed from November 2010 to August 2011 around Larak Island in the Persian Gulf. The Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was applied to record biotic and abiotic components of the coral reefs at two sites around Larak Island: North East (NE) and South West (SW) with two stations per site. Mean "Live Coral Coverage" (LCC) and “Dead Coral Coverage” (DCC) at SW 21.74% ± 1.92%, 4.58% ± 0.65%and NE sites were 5.69% ± 0.54%, 35.64% ± 3.28% respectively. Dead Coral Coverage was more prevalent in the NE than in SW. Based on Mann-Whitney U-test LCC and DCC showed significant difference (p< 0.05) among these two sites, (p< 0.05); The Kruskal-Wallis test also showed significant difference (p< 0.05) among four stations within two sites. This study indicated that coral communities of the NE site have been more destroyed by human impacts such as municipal run-off, breakwater construction, trap fishing, over-fishing and several other human activities.
Analysis of migraine polygenic risk score associates with efficacy of migraine-specific drugs

Introduction: Migraine is a prevalent and disabling disease with an incompletely understood etiopathology. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyse the migraine polygenic risk score associates with efficacy of migraine-specific drugs. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Baqai MedicalUniversity, Karachi during August 2019 till December 2019. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected through a qualitative method. All patients with migraine were interviewed face to face or by telephone by a trained physician or trained senior medical student using a semi-structured interview. The semistructured interview included questions covering the necessary clinical data for migraine diagnoses and information on the effect of migraine treatment. Results: The data consisting of 200 patients. The male:female ratio in patients with migraine was 1:4.7; this was slightly lower in MO (1:5.8) than in MA (1:3.8) (p = 2.7 × 10). The patients with migraine were on average 44.2 years old with an SD of 12.8. There was no significant difference in age (SD) between MO and MA (44.0 [12.1] years and 44.4 [13.6] years, respectively). A higher response rate was found for MO than MA in acute and prophylactic treatment response. Conclusion: It is concluded that PRS may be useful in the investigation of shared genetic risk with comorbidities, in studying the relation between primary headache disorders and their subforms, and to personalize migraine treatment. Corresponding Author; Dr Muhammad Wajih Ansari Baqai MedicalUniversity Karachi ansariwajih9@gmail.com GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2020 ISSN 2320-9186 3615 GSJ© 2020 www.globalscientificjournal. com
Over-Sampling Methods for Polarity Classiﬁcation of Imbalanced Microblog Texts

Polarity classiﬁcation is the task of classifying sentiments or opinions shown in a given text into positive, negative or neutral. Most previous studies have developed and evaluated their methods on balanced datasets. However, in Twitter, the polarity distribution is highly imbalanced since most tweets are neutral. This paper proposes novel methods to train an accurate classiﬁer from imbalanced data for polarity classiﬁcation of tweets. They are kinds of synthesizing over-sampling methods that newly generate minority samples to balance the polarity distribution. In our approach, since sentiment words are effective features, minority samples are synthesized more from a sample that includes sentiment words. Furthermore, the number of synthesized minority samples is carefully determined by measuring the performance on development data. According to our experiments using an imbalanced dataset of tweets, the F1-measure of the polarity classiﬁcation is much improved when our proposed methods are combined with two existing over-sampling methods SMOTE and ADASYN.
Ecogeographic size variation among the living and subfossil prosimians of Madagascar

The living Malagasy prosimians and their recently extinct subfossil relatives include about 20 genera and 8 families that can be considered one contemporenous fauna. They exhibit morphological, behavioral, and ecological differences comparable to living anthropoid primates. This diversity is matched by the equally varied topography, climate, and vegetation of Madagascar. To investigate habitat‐related size variation, skull lengths of wild‐caught adults were used to compare sizes of closely‐related conspecific and congeneric “sister taxa. ” More than 1,550 museum specimens were examined representing virtually all known forms of extant and subfossil Malagasy prosimians. A total of 98 pairwise, sister‐taxa comparisons among 76 different taxa from six broadly defined ecogeographic regions revealed a consistent pattern of size variation: (1) the smallest Malagasy prosimians inhabit the semiarid forests, bush, and thickets of the South; (2) next largest are those from the dry deciduous forests of the West and the humid but seasonal forests of the Sambirano; (3) larger yet are those from humid tropical and secondary forests of the East; and (4) the largest of all are the extinct forms of the central highlands that lived in what was probably a savanna‐bush‐woodland mosaic in the past but is now grasslands devoid of living prosimians. Taxa from the extreme North are more variable in size (small, intermediate, or large), which may reflect the mixture of local habitats in northern Madagascar. The ecogeographic size differences may be adaptive responses related to the carrying capacity of local environments such that smaller‐sized species are favoured where the resources they exploit are more limited. Field observations on behavioral thermoregulation, home range size, and population densities offer some support for this hypothesis. Ecologically induced size differences among local populations were probably one factor in speciation events leading to the modern diversity of the Malagasy primates.
Estimating regional plant biodiversity with GIS modelling

In this study, we analysed a statewide species database together with a county‐level geographic information system (GIS) to build a model based on well‐surveyed areas to estimate species richness in less surveyed counties. The Illinois Plant Information Network (ILPIN), a species‐based database on all the vascular flora of Illinois, contains county distributions (totalling nearly 90,000) for each taxon and information on the taxonomy, ecology, biology, and ecodistribution. We compiled a statewide database with 112 variables on climate, landuse (current and historic), landscape pattern, soils and human population. We used a subset of this database to build a regression model for assessing native plant species richness for thirty‐three botanically well‐surveyed counties in Illinois. The best model was then used to predict the richness of the remaining sixty‐nine less botanically surveyed counties. The model involved GIS (Arc/Info) and statistics (S‐PLUS), including spatial statistics (S+SpatialStats). The resultant model had an R2 of 0.80 and used the following variables: percentage of the county in cropland, the percentage with soils somewhat limiting for agriculture, the percentage of urban land, and the average size of farms. Although this particular model is not transferable to other locations without validation, the methodology shown here should be useful in estimating species richness patterns across regions where botanical sampling is heterogeneous.
Tracking multi-site seizure propagation using ictal high frequency activity

Objective: Characterization of progressive multi-site seizure recruitment using high frequency oscillations. Methods: Ictal and interictal high frequency oscillations were identified in a series of 13 patients with 72 seizures recorded by stereotactic depth electrodes, using previously validated methods. Channels with ictal high frequency oscillations were assigned to distinct spatial clusters, and seizure hubs were identified by stereotypically recruited non-overlapping clusters. Clusters were correlated with asynchronous seizure terminations to provide supportive evidence for independent seizure activity at these sites. The spatial overlap of ictal and interictal high frequency oscillations were compared. Results: Ictal high frequency oscillations were detected in 71% of seizures and 10% of implanted contacts, enabling tracking of contiguous and noncontiguous seizure recruitment. Multiple seizure hubs were identified in 54% of cases, including 43% of patients thought preoperatively to have unifocal epilepsy. Noncontiguous recruitment was associated with asynchronous seizure termination (Odds Ratio=10, 95% CI 2.9-41, p<0.001). Interictal high frequency oscillations demonstrated greater spatial overlap with ictal high frequency oscillations in cases with single seizure hubs than in those with multiple hubs (100% vs 66% per patient, p=0.03). Significance: Analysis of ictal high frequency oscillations can serve as a useful adjunctive technique to distinguish contiguous seizure spread from propagation to remote seizure sites. This study demonstrated that multiple seizure hubs were commonly identified by spatial clustering of ictal high frequency oscillations, including in cases that were considered unifocal. The distinction between initially activated and delayed seizure hubs was not evident based on interictal high frequency analysis, but may provide important prognostic information.