Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT PERSPECTIVES OF EXTRACTS OF CHARA GLOBULARIS AND CLADOPHORA SPECIES (STRING ALGAE) SPECIES

Objectives: Marine organisms are capable of producing unusual bioactive compounds that are not observed in terrestrial sources. Algae are now drawing a greater interest following the increase in demand for biodiversity in the screening programs seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products.Methods: Hot acid extraction and cold alkali extraction of Chara globularis and Cladophora species (string algae), respectively, were carried out successfully. The extracted materials were tested for the qualitative reactions and subjected for thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet, and infrared spectral studies so as to characterize the extracted materials of two algae. They were estimated for their antioxidant perspectives by hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging and reducing power assay methods.Results: Percentage yield of the extracts was found to be 80% and 40%, respectively, for the two algal species. The IC50 value of hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of C. globularis and Cladophora species was found to be 30 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml, respectively, and the same for the standard ascorbic acid was 20 μg/ml. The results were found to be dose dependent, i.e., higher the concentration, and more was the scavenging activity.Conclusion: Despite the widespread uses and claimed advantages of the algae, only a few investigations on the chemical composition have been reported. A good correlation between the structure and activities of these most popular categories can be brought about.
After Enron: Remembering Loyalty Discourse in Corporate Law

The demise of monetary damages as a remedy for breach of the corporate director duty of due care means that only a breach of the duty of loyalty or good faith affords the possibility of holding corporate directors personally liable for wrongdoing. The author argues that the fiduciary duty of loyalty contains both a widely-appreciated, but rather minimal, non-betrayal aspect and a less-appreciated, but more affirmative, devotion dimension. The affirmative thrust of loyalty, grounded in widely-shared cultural norms and finding expression in myriad literary and religious stories, offers a doctrinal avenue for addressing a potentially broader range of director misconduct than is commonly thought. In a post-Enron world of corporate governance scandal and calls for reform, fiduciary duty law presents, as a policy matter, a possible state law-based approach for attaining greater director accountability. The wisdom of doing so will depend, in part, on whether the risk of greater financial exposure will induce enhanced discharge of director responsibilities, to the advantage of share-holders, or dissuade capable prospective director candidates from service, to the detriment of shareholders. At a more theoretical level, understanding the affirmative facet of both the social norm of loyalty and the legal duty of loyalty raises deeper questions such as whether the supposed conceptual distinction between care and loyalty is as clear as widely believed and whether corporate law fiduciary discourse should continue to be conducted in moral-sounding terms at all. This, in turn, depends on whether we sensibly conceive of directors as being moral actors and regard corporate relationships as raising moral issues, rather than just economic/financial issues for which a new (or re-loaded) discourse might be more suitable. The article closes by addressing how judges - to whom both the practical and the policy-theory issues have fallen - might explore the fuller reaches of loyalty. The article coins the notion of due loyalty to express the appropriate, context-sensitive demands of loyalty understood as devotion.
DC baseband and high-frequency characteristics of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor circuit

Silicon-based nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) are potentially next-generation candidates for achieving high-performance targets of the International Roadmap for Semiconductors due to their superior reduction of the short-channel effects and excellent compatibility with planar complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. In this work, we for the first time numerically explore the dc baseband and high-frequency characteristics, and the design of the device aspect ratio (channel length/channel thickness) for the silicon nanowire FET circuits by using a three-dimensional device/circuit-coupled mixed-mode simulation technique. With the experimentally validated simulation approach, the result shows the rather prolific dc baseband and high-frequency properties of silicon-based nanowire FET devices as active components. In design of silicon nanowire FETs, taking the nanowire's radius and channel length as two crucial factors, the demands of the device aspect ratio on dc characteristics are found to be inversely proportional to the demands of the high-frequency characteristics. Therefore, to compromise both the dc and high-frequency characteristics, the design margin of the device aspect ratio restricted, in which the requirements of dc and high-frequency characteristics provide aspect ratio upper and lower bounds, respectively. Moreover, the design margin will be more tightened for a device with larger radius due to the weakened channel controllability. The extensive results and analyses are presented for the promising devices for the design of high-frequency analog applications.
Recent Trends in Database and Future Directions

In present time Database Management Systems (DBMS) technology is a key technology in most Systems Integration projects. The fast pace of development in this area makes it difficult for SI professionals to keep up with the latest advances, and to appreciate the limitations of the present generation of products. This paper briefly discusses the p ast achievements of database research and development and comments on the current status of database technology. We then focus on new directions in this area and discuss the challenges presented by new types of applications. The existing relational DBMS (RDBMS) technology has been successfully applied to many application domains. RDBMS technology has proved to be an effective solution for data management requirements in large and small organizations, and today this technology forms a key component of most information systems. However, the advances in computer hardware, and the emergence of new application requirements such multimedia and mobile databases produced a situation where the basic underlying principles of data management need to be reevaluated.
Physioanatomical adaptations in response to salt stress in Sporobolus arabicus (Poaceae) from the Salt Range, Pakistan

Sporobolus arabicus Boiss. is a perennial stoloniferous grass that prefers a saline or desert habitat. A natural population of Sporobolus arabicus growing in a salty area was compared with a normal nonsaline population. The salt-tolerant population showed better growth than its counterpart. Physioanatomical adaptations to saline environments in the salt-tolerant population were very specific. They included restricted toxic ion uptake, production of organic osmolytes, sclerification in roots, succulence in stem, and development of vesicular hairs on the leaves. These adaptations were not only for the excretion of toxic ions but also for the accumulation of inorganic ions in the parenchymatous tissue. The Salt Range population maintained osmotic and water potential, accumulated lower amounts of Na+ and Cl- in the roots and shoots, and had higher organic osmolytes, increased sclerification in the roots, and succulence in the stems and leaves.
Enrichment of Resveratrol in Wine through a New Vinification Procedure

Sulphur dioxide is used in the vinification process as an antimicrobial agent, but it is also considered as an important risk factor for liver diseases. Stilbenes have inhibitory effects on the growth of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from wine. The authors investigated the viability of obtaining free-SO2 resveratrol-enriched red wines. Substitution of sulfite (7 g/100kg) for resveratrol (150 mg/L and 300 mg/L) in the vinification process did not change the basic physical and chemical properties of wine or its sensorial profile. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first time that this type of vinification procedure is reported.
An Ontology Maintenance Approach Based on Collaborative Information Sources and Clustering Techniques

Considering that much of the knowledge available on organizations or on the Web are represented on text documents, this work describes a novel approach to support the information extraction and entity recognition from texts in order to leverage ontology maintenance. Our approach applies clustering techniques to speed up the entity recognition phase. For the phases of validation and classification of instances found, we propose the use of collaborative knowledge bases, as well as the help of domain experts, in a semi-automatic fashion. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model, an ontology maintenance scenario based on textual descriptions of the courses of an university is presented.
Plant growth, metabolism and adaptation in relation to stress conditions. Vii. Respiration, nitrogen and proline contents in french bean and maize plants as influenced by salinity

في هذا البحث ، وجد أن إضافة ملح كبريتات الصوديوم إلى الأوساط الغذائية لنباتي الفاصوليا والذرة ، أدت إلى زيادات واضحة في تنفس البادرات والنباتات الكاملة وكذلك الأوراق ، وكانت هذه الزيادات أكثر وضوحا بزيادة تركيز الملح في الأوساط الغذائية . ولقد أمكن تفسير الزيادة في التنفس استنادا إلى عمليات الفسفرة داخل الخلايا نتيجة لزيادة امتصاص أيونات الصوديوم وتراكمهما . ولقد أوضحت نتائج التجارب أن هناك تغيرات ملحوظة في المحتوى الكلي والجزئي للمواد النيتروجينية ، فعلى حين تزايدت كميات البرولين والأحماض الأمينية والنيتروجين الكلي الذائب ، لوحظ تناقصا في المحتوى البروتيني والمحتوى الكلي للنيتروجين . ولقد لوحظ أن قيمة هذه التغيرات قد اعتمدت على تركيز كبريتات الصوديوم وعلى النبات المستخدم. ولقد أوضحت نتائج التجارب أن هناك تغيرات ملحوظة في المحتوى الكلي والجزئي للمواد النيتروجينية ، فعلى حين تزايدت كميات البرولين والأحماض الأمينية والنيتروجين الكلي الذائب ، لوحظ تناقصا في المحتوى البروتيني والمحتوى الكلي للنيتروجين . ولقد لوحظ أن قيمة هذه التغيرات قد اعتمدت على تركيز كبريتات الصوديوم وعلى النبات المستخدم.
Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on Caribbean Coral and Fish Communities

Abstract: Scuba diving on coral reefs is an increasingly lucrative element of tourism in the tropics, but divers can damage the reefs on which tourism depends. By studying the effects of diving we can determine what level of use is justifiable in balancing objectives of economic gain and conservation. Off the Caribbean island of Bonaire we compared coral and fish communities between undived reserves and environmentally similar dive sites where maximum use reached 6000 dives per site per year. At these levels of diving, direct physical damage to reefs was relatively minor. There were more loose fragments of living coral in dive sites than reserves and more abraded coral in high‐ than low‐use areas. Diving had no significant effect on reef fish communities. Between 1991 and 1994, diving intensity increased 70% and coral cover declined in two of three dive sites and in all three reserves, suggesting a background stress unrelated to tourism. There was a significant decline in the proportion of old colonies of massive coral species within dive sites (19.2% loss), compared to a smaller loss in reserves (6.7%). Branching corals increased by 8.2% in dive sites, compared with 2.2% in reserves. Despite close management of reefs, diving is changing the character of Bonaire's reefs by allowing branching corals to increase at the expense of large, massive colonies. The impact of background stresses on massive corals seems to have been greater in the presence of diving. Other studies have linked disease infection to coral tissue damage, and the higher rates of abrasion we recorded in dived sites could have rendered corals there more susceptible to disease, thus mediating the decline of massive corals. Our study shows that even relatively low levels of diving can have pronounced effects manifested in shifts in dominance patterns rather than loss of overall coral cover. Bonaire's reefs have among the highest coral cover and greatest representation of ancient coral colonies of reefs anywhere in the Caribbean. Conserving the character of these reefs may require tighter controls on diving intensity.
Genetic population structure of Ovalipes punctatus revealed by AFLP markers

The population genetic structure of sand crab, Ovalipes punctatus in East China and Yellow Sea was analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 196 loci were detected by four primer combinations among 95 individuals collected from five locations, 117 of which were polymorphic (59.69%). The proportion of polymorphic loci and Nei’s genetic distances for five populations ranged from 23.15 53.49%, and from 0.0029 0.0138, respectively. AMOVA analysis and pairwise FST revealed significant genetic differentiation among five samples, supporting that there are separate populations of this species. The pattern of isolation by distance indicated that the significant genetic differentiation observed between localities of O. punctatus was mainly due to the geographic distance.
Effects of Breeder Age on Genetic Parameter Estimates of Slaughter and Carcass Traits in Japanese Quail

This study aimed to determine the phenotypic values of the slaughter and carcass traits in the flocks of quails obtained when a flock of parent quails were at 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age and to estimate the heritabilities and the genetic correlations for these traits. For this purpose, a total of 1,346 Japanese quails were slaughtered at 8 weeks of age, and their slaughter weights as well as carcass, breast, leg, and abdominal fat weights and ratios were determined. Differences in all traits were detected between female and male quails (P<0.05). The averages of many important traits, primarily slaughter weight, carcass weight, and breast weight, increased with the increase in the breeder age. On the contrary, the carcass yield decreased (P<0.05). There were no significant variations in the phenotypic and genetic variances for the slaughter and carcass traits in the flocks obtained when the breeder flock was at different ages. The heritabilities for slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat weight were estimated to be moderate, and the genetic correlations among them were estimated to be positive and high. In conclusion, it is possible to state that positive results might be obtained by using the carcass ratio as the criterion for selection in quails. Besides, the breeder age was discovered to have had no significant effect on the genetic parameter estimations.
Anxiety , Depression , and Burnout Levels in Stroke Patient Caregivers at a Rehabilitation Hospital

Following a stroke, the patient is affected in physiological, psychological, sociocultural, and economic aspects, and often becomes dependent on others for assistance with their daily activities. [2] In this country and some others, professional care, and supportive practices concerning individual care and rehabilitation are very limited, and responsibility for the patient’s care is frequently assumed by relatives and family members at home. [3] Since stroke patients require long-term care, patient relatives may experience difficulties in adapting to their new caregiving roles. Stroke creates a crisis, especially for family members who provide primary care for the patient, and anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome can frequently be observed in these caregivers if there is no intervention. [3,4]
Cigarette smoke – induced neurogenic inflammation is mediated by α , β-unsaturated aldehydes and the TRPA 1 receptor in rodents

1Center of Excellence for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. 2Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 3Departments of Physiology and Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. 4Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 5CEA, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Service de pharmacologie et d'immuno analyse (SPI), Gif sur Yvette, France. 6Pharmacology Department, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Parma, Italy. 7Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
A multi-industry default prediction model using logistic regression and decision tree

The accurate prediction of corporate bankruptcy for the firms in different industries is of a great concern to investors and creditors, as the reduction of creditors' risk and a considerable amount of saving for an industry economy can be possible. Financial statements vary between industries. Therefore, economic intuition suggests that industry effects should be an important component in bankruptcy prediction. This study attempts to detail the characteristics of each industry using sector indicators. The results show significant relationship between probability of default and sector indicators. The results of this study may improve the default prediction models performance and reduce the costs of risk management.
Body Mass Index Of Nigerian Adolescent Urban Secondary School Girls

Abstract Background and Aims: Body mass index (BMI) is an inexpensive and easy-to-perform method of screening for weight status, which may have detrimental health consequences. The aim of our study was to assess the pattern of BMI among Nigerian adolescent secondary school girls and determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among them. Materials and Methods: In this school-based cross-sectional study, weight was measured, using the spring bathroom scale which was supported at all times on a rigid base. Height was measured without footwear with the heels together. The BMI was computed, using the formula weight/height2 (kg/m2). The BMI-for-age percentile chart was used in classifying the weight status of the subjects. Results: A total of 2,159 girls from two public urban day secondary schools participated in the study. Seven students declined to participate, giving a response rate of 99.7%. The overall mean weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of the participants were 43.16±6.07 kg (95% confidence interval, CI= 42.90-43.42), 151.53±6.20 cm (95% CI=151.27-151.79) and 19.76±3.07 kg/m2 (95% CI= 19.63-19.89). The BMI values increased directly with age. Participants in the early adolescent stage demonstrated a significantly lower mean BMI value than either the middle or late adolescent stages. Based on WHO criteria, the prevalence rates of underweight, overweight and obesity were 7.1% (95% CI= 3.0-11.2), 8.3% (95% CI= 4.3-12.3) and 2.1% (95% CI= 2.0-6.2), respectively. The overall prevalence of healthy weight status was 82.5% (95% CI= 80.7-84.3). Conclusion: Nigerian adolescent secondary school girls are at increased risk of the double burden of nutrition as both underweight and overweight show a relatively similar prevalence rates.
Upstream ions converting into downstream pick-up ions: the effect of shock-decelerated frozen-in fields

Context. Observations by Voyager-2 at the crossing of the solar wind termination shock have led to unexpected discoveries, such as the downstream solar wind protons still having Mach numbers higher than 1 and temperatures, though increased by a factor of about 30, nevertheless being much lower than those expected from classical MHD shock theory. Though our earlier semi-kinetic theories of the ion passage over the termination shock, in which the conservation of the magnetic ion moment was required, provided interesting insights into the detailed microphysics occurring at the shock, our predictions for the downstream ion pressure and temperature in view of observations were both too low. Aims. Here we improve on our earlier theoretical approach by introducing a so-called “effective magnetic moment” by which we not only take into account the increase in the magnetic field magnitude over the shock, but we also respect that the ions comoving with the bulk of the plasma flow gyrate around a decelerated frozen-in field. Methods. We derive ad ifferential equation for the behaviour of the perpendicular pressure across the shock, which accounts for the conservation of the newly derived effective magnetic moment, and generalises the results of earlier studies. The resulting differential equation is then solved analytically. Results. With this new concept of conservation of the newly introduced “effective magnetic moment” we arrive at interesting new relations between upstream and downstream ion pressures and temperatures which now nicely represent the recent Voyager-2 results.
Measuring the impact of innovation on firm value: a new approach

Most of the existing empirical literature on the relationship of firm value and knowledge capital is based on the stock market valuation of companies. However, the assets of many firms are not publicly traded, and hence the calculation of market value is limited to a subsample of firms. We suggest to use a credit rating score instead and present an empirical analysis. It turns out that innovative firms, i.e. those with a reasonable knowledge stock, have a better credit rating and thus, as we propose, a higher value. However, too much of innovative activi-ties is seen as risky and the firm value decreases.
Executive Compensation: If There's a Problem, What's the Remedy? The Case for 'Compensation Disclosure and Analysis'

ABSTRACT High levels of executive compensation have triggered an intense debate over whether compensation results primarily from competitive pressures in the market for managerial services or from managerial overreaching. Professors Lucian Bebchuk and Jesse Fried have advanced the debate with their recent book, Pay Without Performance: The Unfulfilled Promise of Executive Compensation, which forcefully argues that current compensation levels are best explained by managerial rent-seeking, not by arm's-length bargaining designed to create the optimum pay and performance nexus. This paper expresses three sorts of reservations with their analysis and advances its own proposals. First, enhancing shareholder welfare is not, as a positive or normative matter, a sufficient framework for understanding the controversy or devising a remedy. Second, many of the compensation practices identified by Bebchuk and Fried as veritable "smoking guns" of managerial power may have benign explanations. Third, in improving the corporate governance apparatus in the executive compensation area, the better remedy is not a wholesale expansion of shareholder power, but a tailored series of measures designed to bolster the independence of the compensation committee. Most important, the SEC should require proxy disclosure of a "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" statement (CDA (2) in contrast, the lack of shareholder influence in the director selection process, which could otherwise buttress director independence; (3) interlocking membership among boards of directors that lead to back-scratching among business elite who share a mutual self-interest in escalating levels of executive compensation; and (4) the use of compensation consultants with disabling conflicts of interest, in particular, provision to the firm of a wide range of compensation consulting services. In reflecting upon the Bebchuk and Fried analysis, sometimes critically, I want to be clear about the importance of the book's contribution in comprehensively setting forth the different elements of compensation packages and in raising many serious questions about compensation practices and the corporate governance institutions that have countenanced them. …