Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On generating ground-truth time-lapse image sequences and flow fields

V tomto clanku je prezentovana metodologie, pomoci ktere lze automaticky vytvařet uměle obrazove sekvence, ktere výchazeji ze vzoru realneho obrazu, doplněne o jim odpovidajici optický tok. Metoda je postavena na tzv. dvou-vrstvem přistupu, ve kterem uživatelem zvolene popředi je lokalně posunute a nasledně vložene do uměle vytvořeneho pozadi. Pozadi je vizualně podobne realne předloze, popředi je z teto předlohy vyjmuto což garantuje zachovani věrnosti předloze. Metoda je schopna vytvařet 2D a 3D obrazove sekvence o libovolne delce. Zavěrem je prezentovana kratka diskuze a přiklad aplikace z oblasti opticke mikroskopie.
Information Needs Assessment for K-12 School Nurses in Rural Eastern Washington State

ABSTRACT School nurses are an often-overlooked population of health care professionals who have great importance in rural communities where access to health care is limited. In order to better serve school nurses in rural eastern Washington, an assessment was conducted to determine their information needs, behaviors, and perceptions. Results indicated this population of school nurses searches for multiple types of health information on a daily basis and navigates obstacles to information access using a variety of resources. While largely confident in their searching ability, they are open to learning more about how to find reliable health information to support their daily responsibilities. These results will guide the development of a workshop for school nurses about using reliable health information resources to improve health care in their rural communities.
Content-based Title Extraction from Web Page

Web pages are usually designed in a presentation oriented fashion, having therefore a large amount of noninformative data such as navigation banners, advertisement and functional text. For a particular user, only informative data such as title, main content, and representative images are considered useful. Existing methods for title extraction rely on the structural and visual features of the web page. In this paper, we propose a simpler, but more effective method by analysing the content of the title and meta tags in respect to the main body of the page. We segment the title and meta tags using a set of predefined delimiters and score the segments using three criteria: placement in tag, popularity within all header tags in the page, and the position in the link of the web page. The method is fully automated, template independent, and not limited to any certain type of web pages. Experimental results show that the method significantly improves the accuracy (average similarity to the ground truth title) from 62 % to 84 %.
Molecular targets and cancer therapeutics.

A1 First-in-human phase I study of a selective VEGFR/FGFR dual inhibitor sulfatinib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Jian-Ming Xu, Lin Sheng, Yan Wang, Yu-Ling Chen, Ru Jia, Jian Wang, Ke Li, Yang Sai, Jing Li, Chuan Qi, Ye Hua, Wei-Guo Su. The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China; Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Hutchison MediPharma Limited, Shanghai, China.
Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND We performed a multi-institutional randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery with surgery alone for patients with local and operable esophageal cancer. METHODS Preoperative chemotherapy for patients randomly assigned to the chemotherapy group included three cycles of cisplatin and fluorouracil. Surgery was performed two to four weeks after the completion of the third cycle; patients also received two additional cycles of chemotherapy after the operation. Patients randomly assigned to the immediate-surgery group underwent the same surgical procedure. The main end point was overall survival. RESULTS Of the 440 eligible patients with adequate data , 213 were assigned to receive preoperative chemotherapy and 227 to undergo immediate surgery. After a median possible study time of 55.4 months, there were no significant differences between the two groups in median survival: 14.9 months for the patients who received preoperative chemotherapy and 16.1 months for those who underwent immediate surgery (P=0.53). At one year, the survival rate was 59 percent for those who received chemotherapy and 60 percent for those who had surgery alone; at two years, survival was 35 percent and 37 percent, respectively. The toxic effects of chemotherapy were tolerable, and the addition of chemotherapy did not appear to increase the morbidity or mortality associated with surgery. There were no differences in survival between patients with squamous-cell carcinoma and those with adenocarcinoma. Weight loss was a significant predictor of poor outcome (P=0.03). With the addition of chemotherapy, there was no change in the rate of recurrence at locoregional or distant sites. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative chemotherapy with a combination of cisplatin and fluorouracil did not improve overall survival among patients with epidermoid cancer or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
Constraint-enabled design information representation for mechanical products over the internet

Global economy has made manufacturing industry become more distributed than ever before. Product design requires more involvement from various technical disciplines at different locations. In such a geographically and temporally distributed environment, efficient and effective collaboration on design is vital to maintain product quality and organizational competency. Interoperability of design information is one of major barriers for collaborative design. Current standard CAD data formats do not support design collaboration effectively in terms of design information and knowledge capturing, exchange, and integration within the design cycle. Multidisciplinary design constraints cannot be represented and transferred among different groups, and design information cannot be integrated efficiently within a distributed environment. Uncertainty of specification cannot be modeled at early design stages, while constraints for optimization are not embedded in design data. In this work, a design information model, Universal Linkage model, is developed to represent design related information for mechanical products in a distributed form. It incorporates geometric and non-geometric constraints with traditional geometry and topology elements, thus allows more design knowledge sharing in collaborative design. Segments of design data are linked and integrated into a complete product model, thus support lean design information capturing, storage, and query. The model is represented by Directed Hyper Graph and Product Markup Language to preserve extensibility and openness. Incorporating robustness consideration, an Interval Geometric Modeling scheme is presented, in which numerical parameters are represented by interval values. This scheme is able to capture uncertainty and inexactness of design and reduces the chances of conflict in constraint imposition. It provides a unified constraint representation for the process of conceptual design, detailed design, and design optimization. Corresponding interval constraint solving methods are studied.
Enhanced establishment of a virus carrier state in adult CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice

CD4+ T cells play an important role in regulating the immune response; their contribution to virus clearance is variable. Mice that lack CD4+ T cells (CD4-/- mice) and are therefore unable to produce neutralizing antibodies cleared viscero-lymphotropic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strain WE when infected intravenously with a low dose (2 x 10(2) PFU) because of an effective CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response. In contrast, infection with a high dose (2 x 10(6) PFU) of LCMV strain WE led to expansion of antiviral CTL, which disappeared in CD4-/- mice; in contrast, CD4+ T-cell-competent mice developed antiviral memory CTL. This exhaustion of specific CTL caused viral persistence in CD4-/- mice, whereas CD4+ T-cell-competent mice eliminated the virus. After infection of CD4-/- mice with the faster-replicating LCMV strain DOCILE, abrogation of CTL response and establishment of viral persistence developed after infection with a low dose (5 x 10(2) PFU), i.e., an about 100-fold lower dose than in CD(4+)-competent control mice. These results show that absence of T help enhances establishment of an LCMV carrier state in selected situations.
Flexible plastic substrate-based inkjet printed CPW resonators for 60 GHz ISM applications

This study investigates inkjet-printed millimetre-wave coplanar waveguide (CPW) series tuning stubs printed on flexible plastic substrates such as Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). These CPW resonators exhibit a bandpass/bandstop response that is useful for microwave and millimetre-wave filtering applications. The 60GHz CPW resonators were printed with a DMP-2800 series inkjet printing system. A silver nanoparticle colloidal solution was used as the printing ink. First, this process uses a plasma polymerization technique to improve the PET surface for printing. Next, silver lines are inkjet printed on the PET substrate and cured in an oven to remove excess solvent and material impurities. The experimental prototypes presented in this paper demonstrate the efficiency of the design method and the feasibility of creating CPW resonators using inkjet printing technology.
H∞ filtering for a class of networked systems with stochastic sampling—A Markovian system approach

This paper is concerned with the H∞ filtering for a class of networked systems with stochastic sampling, signal quantization and random packet dropouts. The measurement signal is sampled stochastically, then quantized and transmitted to the filter via a communication network. We first model the stochastic sampling process as a Markovian system, and handle the logarithmic quantization by the sector bound approach, then a binary variable is introduced to model the networked communication process, the considered filtering system is finally modeled as a Markovian system with stochastic variables and an uncertainty. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the stochastic analysis method, a sufficient condition is obtained such that the filtering error system is stochastically stable and with a prescribed H∞ performance level. The optimal filter design method is also provided. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Sub-Modular Resolution Analysis by Network Mixture Models

Inferring the structure of networks usually involves the attempt of retrieving their modular organization and knowing its possible interpretation, while quantifying the involved computational complexity through the methods and algorithms to be used. In protein interactomics, it is assumed that even the most recently created interactomes are known only up to a certain degree of coverage and accuracy, due to both experimental and computational limitations. Therefore, we need to infer from the measured interactomes about real interactomes as much as we infer from samples relative to a reference population. In order to exploit additional information sources, it is common to integrate multiple omic data and pursue method fusion. Particularly after the advent of high-throughput technologies, the increased complexity of data-intensive applications has determined an important role for network inference. Consequently, advances in spectral clustering, community detection algorithms and modularity optimization methods have been proposed, according to both deterministic and probabilistic solutions. We have considered the two kinds of approaches, and applied some of the available methods to two human interactomes obtained from high-throughput small-scale experiments and mass spectrometry measurements. The main motivation of this study is refining the resolution spectrum at which protein modularity maps can be studied. First, we started by a coarse-grained interactome decomposition through core and community structures, and by applying sub-sampling to the interactome adjacency matrix. Then, we switched to stochastic methods to uncover fine-grained interactome components, and applied both variational and mixture statistical models. Lastly, we integrated our analysis with the biological validation of the retrieved modules. Overall, the proposed approach shows potential for calibrating modularity detection in protein interactomes at different resolutions.
VTK4AR: An Object Oriented Framework for Scientific Visualization of CAE Data in Augmented Reality

In the last ten years many Augmented Reality (AR) applications for Scientific Visualization have been developed, attesting the effectiveness of this technique for data visualization and interaction. In all these applications, a software framework for scientific visualization was used to process data to be visualized, while an AR system was employed to display these data within an AR context. Hence, everyone who intended to approach the development of such applications should become necessarily familiar with the scientific visualization framework and the augmented reality one. This is of course an hurdle for the applications development, and the idea behind this work is exactly to provide a software framework that simplifies the development of such applications. With this in mind, we extended an existing and powerful open source library for scientific visualization (VTK) with few but useful classes for the interfacing with an existing AR library (ARToolKit) to easily handle the video see-through and the video-tracking functionalities. The resulting software tool, called VTK4AR, can be considered as an all in one software framework specific for scientific visualization in AR. Moreover, since it is built on top of VTK, it will be possible to employ a wide range of visualization techniques in many application fields. In particular, it has been tested in two AR applications: one for displaying data relative to a CFD simulation of a flow past a helmet, and another for displaying the forming error obtained prototyping an ankle support with the incremental forming technique.
The cytolytic toxin aerolysin must aggregate to disrupt erythrocytes, and aggregation is stimulated by human glycophorin

The hole-forming toxin aerolysin was shown to aggregate after binding to erythrocytes at 37 degrees C. Although the protein also bound and aggregated at 4 degrees C, hole formation was not observed, indicating that aggregation preceded penetration of the lipid bilayer. Aggregation, but not binding, could be blocked by pretreatment of the toxin with diethyl pyrocarbonate, a histidine-reactive reagent. This resulted in inactivation of the toxin. Incubation of aerolysin with glycophorin purified from human erythrocytes caused aggregation and complete inactivation. Erythrocytes which lacked glycophorin were less sensitive to the toxin. Proaerolysin, the inactive precursor of aerolysin, also bound to erythrocytes; however, it did not aggregate, nor did it aggregate when preincubated with glycophorin. The protoxin could be activated by treatment with trypsin even after it had bound to erythrocytes. Activation could also be achieved by reaction of proaerolysin with a variety of other proteases, each of which brought about a similar reduction in protein molecular weight. The activated protein was resistant to further proteolysis. These results indicate that aggregation is a necessary step in hole formation and that the sites on aerolysin required for binding and for aggregation and hole formation are separate.
Inflammation and Degeneration in Cartilage Samples from Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement.

BACKGROUND Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been reported as a cause of hip pain in young patients and is suggested as the trigger for hip osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of this study was to quantify the metabolic profiles of articular tissues (cartilage, synovium, and labrum) harvested from patients with FAI and with end-stage OA. In addition, we sought to investigate the development of secondary OA in hips with FAI. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from thirty hips undergoing arthroscopic surgery for FAI with or without labral tear and thirty hips undergoing total hip arthroplasty for OA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and metabolic (anabolic and catabolic) enzymes. The differences in gene expression in articular tissues from the patients with FAI were also evaluated on the basis of clinical parameters (age range and alpha angle). RESULTS The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-8 and of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 (a catabolic gene) in both the synovium and the labrum, and the expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (an anabolic gene) in the labrum, was higher in the samples from hips with OA than in those from hips with FAI (p < 0.05). In cartilage, however, the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines and the catabolic genes MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4) was higher in the FAI samples compared with the OA samples (p < 0.01). When the expression of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated among the three types of tissues within each disease group, the expression levels were the highest in cartilage within the FAI samples (p < 0.01). In FAI cartilage, we found higher gene expression of aggrecan (ACAN) and ADAMTS-4 in the samples from patients with larger alpha angles (≥60°) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the metabolic conditions of articular cartilage in FAI and OA are different and that the expression of genes associated with inflammation is greater in the articular cartilage of patients with FAI compared with the synovium and the labrum. The metabolic changes were heightened by mechanical impingement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The articular cartilage from the impingement lesion in patients with FAI showed biologically higher inflammation and degeneration, supporting the concept that FAI may be a trigger for joint degeneration.
Students' data privacy: How far it is protected? (Ethical Percpective)

E-learning systems and the application of emerging digital technologies has received wide acceptance all over the world. There are many e-learning systems used in many academic and educational institutions like: Moodle, WebCT, Eduwave, and Renzoli. Some are commercial and some are open source (Ryan et al. 2000). The development of common ethical standards in e-learning environment can support the growth of online education and training. Even those e-learning systems which have widely been used in many universities, but it come with some important issues that have to be tackled [1]. Ethical standardization is an example of these issues, failing to develop ethical standards and procedures in e-learning environment may minimize the effectiveness of e-learning implementations in academic institutions and therefore decrease the value perception of these systems. The main aim of this paper is to work in students' data as part of the privacy ethical issue to propose ethical standards that can protect these data. Establishing common ethical standards in e-learning environment can help in enhancing the effectiveness of these systems.
Stent-assisted coil embolization of aneurysms with small parent vessels: safety and efficacy analysis

Background Stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) is a viable therapeutic approach for wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. However, it can be technically challenging in small cerebral vessels (≤2 mm). Objective To present our experience with stents approved for SACE in aneurysms with small parent arteries. Methods All patients who underwent stent-assisted aneurysm treatment with either a Neuroform or an Enterprise stent device at our institution between June 2006 and October 2012 were identified. Additionally, we evaluated each patient's vascular risk factors, aneurysm characteristics (ruptured vs non-ruptured, incidental finding, recanalized) and follow-up angiography data. Results A total of 41 patients with 44 aneurysms met our criteria, including 31 women and 10 men. Most of the aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation (75%). Stent placement in vessels 1.2–2 mm in diameter was successful in 93.2%. Thromboembolic complications occurred in 6 cases and vessel straightening was seen in 1 case only. Initial nearly complete to complete aneurysm obliteration was achieved in 88.6%. Six-month follow-up angiography showed coil compaction in three cases, one asymptomatic in-stent stenosis and stent occlusion. Twelve to 20-months’ follow-up showed stable coil compaction in two patients compared with previous follow-up, and aneurysm recanalization in two patients. Twenty-four to 36-months’ follow-up showed further coil compaction in one of these patients and aneurysm recanalization in a previous case of stable coil compaction on mid-term follow-up. Conclusions Our results suggest that SACE of aneurysms with small parent vessels is feasible in selected cases and shows good long-term patency rates of parent arteries.
The Distinct Role of the Amygdala, Superior Colliculus and Pulvinar in Processing of Central and Peripheral Snakes

Introduction Visual processing of ecologically relevant stimuli involves a central bias for stimuli demanding detailed processing (e.g., faces), whereas peripheral object processing is based on coarse identification. Fast detection of animal shapes holding a significant phylogenetic value, such as snakes, may benefit from peripheral vision. The amygdala together with the pulvinar and the superior colliculus are implicated in an ongoing debate regarding their role in automatic and deliberate spatial processing of threat signals. Methods Here we tested twenty healthy participants in an fMRI task, and investigated the role of spatial demands (the main effect of central vs. peripheral vision) in the processing of fear-relevant ecological features. We controlled for stimulus dependence using true or false snakes; snake shapes or snake faces and for task constraints (implicit or explicit). The main idea justifying this double task is that amygdala and superior colliculus are involved in both automatic and controlled processes. Moreover the explicit/implicit instruction in the task with respect to emotion is not necessarily equivalent to explicit vs. implicit in the sense of endogenous vs. exogenous attention, or controlled vs. automatic processes. Results We found that stimulus-driven processing led to increased amygdala responses specifically to true snake shapes presented in the centre or in the peripheral left hemifield (right hemisphere). Importantly, the superior colliculus showed significantly biased and explicit central responses to snake-related stimuli. Moreover, the pulvinar, which also contains foveal representations, also showed strong central responses, extending the results of a recent single cell pulvinar study in monkeys. Similar hemispheric specialization was found across structures: increased amygdala responses occurred to true snake shapes presented to the right hemisphere, with this pattern being closely followed by the superior colliculus and the pulvinar. Conclusion These results show that subcortical structures containing foveal representations such as the amygdala, pulvinar and superior colliculus play distinct roles in the central and peripheral processing of snake shapes. Our findings suggest multiple phylogenetic fingerprints in the responses of subcortical structures to fear-relevant stimuli.