Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Developmental Analysis of Murid Spermatid-specific Thioredoxin-2 (SPTRX-2), a Novel Sperm Fibrous Sheath Protein and Autoantigen*

Thioredoxins compose a growing family of proteins that participate in different cellular processes via redox-mediated reactions. We report here the cloning, developmental expression, and location of murid Sptrx-2. Mouse and rat SPTRX-2 proteins display a high homology to their human ortholog in the thioredoxin and NDP kinase domains, and the coding genes are located at syntenic positions. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization confirmed the testis-specific expression of murine Sptrx-2 mRNA, mostly in round spermatids. Immunohistochemical analysis of the 19 steps of rat spermiogenesis showed that SPTRX-2 expression becomes prominent in the cytoplasmic lobe of step 15–18 spermatids and diminishes in step 19 just before spermiation. However, in the spermatid tail, SPTRX-2 immunoreactivity increased from step 15 to 19 and was confined to the principal piece. By immunogold electron microscopy, SPTRX-2 was first detected scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the axoneme in step 14–15 spermatids, but began to be incorporated by step 16 into the fibrous sheath (FS). During steps 17–18, the labeling increased over the ribs and columns of the assembled FS. It peaked in step 19 and remained in the FS of epididymal spermatozoa. Immunoblots of isolated FS obtained from spermatozoa confirmed that SPTRX-2 is an integral component of the FS and a post-obstruction autoantigen in vasectomized rats. Our data indicate that SPTRX-2 incorporation into the FS lags well behind FS assembly, suggesting it is required during the final stages of sperm tail maturation in the testis and/or epididymis, where extensive disulfide bonding of FS proteins occurs.
A Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficient Schemes for Green Office Networks

Power consumption in office networks has become a major issue due to its running cost. In order to reduce the power consumption, several approaches have been proposed such as Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) and Energy Efficient Wireless aggregation (EEW). In this research, we develop an analytical model and apply the model to evaluate and compare performance of the existing technologies. The parameters of interest include the number and the average throughput of clients. Our analysis results show that EEW is more efficient than EEE with a small number of clients or low average throughput. Motivated by this result, we examine the possibility of conserving more power by introducing a combination of EEE and EEW, called EEEW. EEEW can take advantage of both EEE as well as EEW and should be very strong against the varying conditions of the network. We found that when the average throughput of clients is less than 0.5Mbps, the combination can save more than 66% of the power consumed by EEE. We also describe EEEWS, a combination of EEEW and link-sleep techniques which presents a further power saving potential.
Relationship between Serum Magnesium Concentration and Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective. To establish whether there is a relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) concentration and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. There were 2855 subjects in this cross-sectional study. Serum Mg concentration was measured using the chemiluminescence method. Radiographic OA of the knee was defined as changes consistent with Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade 2 on at least 1 side. Mg concentration was classified into 1 of 4 quartiles: ≤ 0.87, 0.88–0.91, 0.92–0.96, or ≥ 0.97 mmol/l. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to test the association between serum Mg and radiographic knee OA after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. The OR with 95% CI for the association between radiographic knee OA and serum Mg concentration were calculated for each quartile. The quartile with the lowest value was regarded as the reference category. Results. Significant association between serum Mg concentration and radiographic knee OA was observed in the model after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, as well as in the multivariable model. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for radiographic knee OA in the second, third, and fourth serum Mg concentration quartiles were 0.90 (95% CI 0.71–1.13), 0.92 (95% CI 0.73–1.16), and 0.72 (95% CI 0.57–0.92), respectively, compared with the lowest (first) quartile. A clear trend (p for trend was 0.01) was observed. The relative odds of radiographic knee OA was decreased by 0.72 times in the fourth serum Mg quartile compared with the lowest quartile. Conclusion. Serum Mg concentration may have an inverse relationship with radiographic OA of the knee.
Unique inflammatory RNA profiles of microglia in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Previous studies in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) have shown that myeloid cells in the periphery as well as derivative microglial cells in the brain are infectious. Microglia can show an activated phenotype before prion protein (PrP) pathology is detectable in brain, and isolated infectious microglia contain very little PrP. To find whether a set of inflammatory genes are significantly induced or suppressed with infection, we analyzed RNA from isolated microglia with relevant cDNA arrays, and identified ≈30 transcripts not previously examined in any transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. This CJD expression profile contrasted with that of uninfected microglia exposed to prototypic inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ, as well as PrP amyloid. These findings underscore inflammatory pathways evoked by the infectious agent in brain. Transcript profiles unique for CJD microglia and other myeloid cells provide opportunities for more sensitive preclinical diagnoses of infectious and noninfectious neurodegenerative diseases.
Archaeal Flagella, Bacterial Flagella and Type IV Pili: A Comparison of Genes and Posttranslational Modifications

The archaeal flagellum is a unique motility organelle. While superficially similar to the bacterial flagellum, several similarities have been reported between the archaeal flagellum and the bacterial type IV pilus system. These include the multiflagellin nature of the flagellar filament, N-terminal sequence similarities between archaeal flagellins and bacterial type IV pilins, as well as the presence of homologous proteins in the two systems. Recent advances in archaeal flagella research add to the growing list of similarities. First, the preflagellin peptidase that is responsible for processing the N-terminal signal peptide in preflagellins has been identified. The preflagellin peptidase is a membrane-bound enzyme topologically similar to its counterpart in the type IV pilus system (prepilin peptidase); the two enzymes are demonstrated to utilize the same catalytic mechanism. Second, it has been suggested that the archaeal flagellum and the bacterial type IV pilus share a similar mode of assembly. While bacterial flagellins and type IV pilins can be modified with O-linked glycans, N-linked glycans have recently been reported on archaeal flagellins. This mode of glycosylation, as well as the observation that the archaeal flagellum lacks a central channel, are both consistent with the proposed assembly model. On the other hand, the failure to identify other genes involved in archaeal flagellation by homology searches likely implies a novel aspect of the archaeal flagellar system. These interesting features remain to be deciphered through continued research. Such knowledge would be invaluable to motility and protein export studies in the Archaea.
Hubungan pola makan dengan tingkat obesitas anak (studi empiris pada anak umur 8-10 tahun di Sekolah Dasar Bunda Hati Kudus)

Masalah kegemukan atau obesitas merupakan suatu masalah yang cukup merisaukan di seluruh dunia. Penyebab masalah obesitas secara global adalah faktor genetik atau keturunan, dan faktor lingkungan justru lebih memegang peranan yang berarti. Faktor lingkungan memberikan dampak obesitas pada anak-anak seperti makanan yang tersedia di lingkungan sekolah dan pusat perbelanjaan. Kebiasaan makan adalah faktor penting yang mempengaruhi status gizi dan kesehatan anak. Prevalensi obesitas pada responden penelitian sebesar 21,35%. Berdasarkan uji Chi - Square dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pola makan yang buruk dengan obesitas (nilai p adalah 0,000 < 0,01). Maka. Perilaku gizi salah yang membentuk sebuah pola makan yang buruk dapat meningkatkan risiko seorang anak menjadi obesitas. Selain pola makan, faktor aktivitas fisik (p=0,001) juga memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas. Dengan demikian, perlu dilakukan upaya intervensi dan penanggulangan faktor risiko obesitas dengan menanamkan pendidikan kesehatan pada anak sejak usia dini serta membudayakan gaya hidup yang lebih aktif.
A novel voltage reference without the operational amplifier and resistors

A novel voltage reference has been proposed and simulated using a 0. 18μm CMOS process in this paper. A near-zero temperature coefficient voltage is achieved in virtue of the bias voltage subcirciut which consists of two MOSFETs operating in the saturation region. The kind of bias voltage subcirciut is used to adjust the output voltage and compensate the curvature. The output voltage is equal to the extrapolated threshold voltage of a MOSFET at absolute zero temperature, which was about 591.5 mV for the MOSFETs we used. The power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is improved with three feedback loops. Although the output voltage fluctuates with process variation, the circuit can monitor the process variation in MOSFET threshold voltage. The simulation results show that the line regulation is 0.75 mV/V in a supply voltage range from 1.6 V to 3.1 V and the temperature coefficient is around 10.8 ppm/°C to 28.5 ppm/°C at 9 different corners in a temperature range from -20°C to 120°C. The PSRR is -70 dB at 100Hz with a supply voltage at 1.8 V, and the layout size is 0.012mm 2 . The results of simulation and post layout simulation are almost the same.
Reply to letter to the editor

To the Editor: Le on et al studied the second, third, and forth tumor in patients with malignant head and neck index tumor. Adjusted survivals were applied to compare head and neck tumors by chronology of appearance, although they report a significant difference between categories of head and neck tumor, given the adjusted survival curve (see Figure 1 of their article). The basic assumption before applying adjusted survival curve is that the groups should be independent in nature. The basic assumption was violated. Each patient’s consecutive tumor must be dependent on the earlier tumor. Kaplan–Meier curve is a step function curve. However, the curve observed for first and second tumors does not appear to be a step function curve (see Figure 1 of their article). In their article, Le on et al established the significant difference between index tumor, second tumor, third tumor, and fourth tumor through chi-square statistics. Null hypothesis before applying the chi-square test is to assumed that the location of the second and successive head and neck neoplasm in patients with a head and neck index were independent and no difference. However, it is again violating the clinical relevance of occurrence of the second, third, and fourth tumors after the first/index tumor on the same site. The results of adjusted survival curve (see Figure 1 of their article) may not reflect the actuarial life table contribution of occurrence of consecutive tumors on the patients.
Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxigenase (IDO) is critical for host resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi

Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxigenase (IDO) is an inflammatory cytokine‐inducible rate‐limiting enzyme of the tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, which is involved in the inhibition of intracellular pathogen replication as well as in immunomodulation. Here we demonstrated the effect of IDO‐dependent Trp catabolism on Trypanosoma cruzi resistance to acute infection. Infection with T. cruzi resulted in the systemic activation of IDO. The blocking of IDO activity in vivo impaired resistance to the infection and exacerbated the parasite load and infection‐associated pathology. In addition, IDO activity was critical to controlling the parasite's replication in macrophages (Mos), despite the high production of nitric oxide produced by IDO‐blocked T. cruzi‐infected Mos. Analysis of the mechanisms by which IDO controls the parasite replication revealed that T. cruzi amastigotes were sensitive to l‐kynurenine downstream metabolites 3‐hydroxykynurenine (3‐HK) and 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid, while 3‐HK also affected the trypomastigote stage. Finally, 3‐HK treatment of mice acutely infected with T. cruzi was able to control the parasite and to improve the survival of lethally infected mice. During infection, IDO played a critical role in host defense against T. cruzi; therefore, the intervention of IDO pathway could be useful as a novel antitrypanosomatid therapeutic strategy. —Knubel, C. P., Martínez, F. F. , Fretes, R. E. , Díaz Lujan, C. , Theumer, M. G. , Cervi, L. , Motran, C. C. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxigenase (IDO) is critical for host resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi. FASEB J. 24, 2689–2701 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Hunger in Latin America: What Can We Do?

Introduction: Hunger is a global problem and has increased in recent years. In Latin America, hunger continues in high numbers. Although the level of hunger is relatively low compared to other regions, this increase in Latin America is mainly explained by the economic slowdown in South America. Also, climate changes are already weakening the production of the main crops in tropical and temperate regions. Aim: Report the numbers of hunger in Latin America. Methods: A cross-sectional study with reports of the World Health Organization’s hunger figures, September 2018. Results: The number of hungry people in the world has increased for the third consecutive year and affects 821 million people, according to a report released by UN agencies. This corresponds to one in nine people in the world. In Brazil, the figures indicate that more than 5.2 million people spent a day or more without consuming food by 2017, which corresponds to 2.5% of the population. In Latin America and the Caribbean, hunger has also increased and affects some 39 million people. Discussion: Hunger is a catastrophic problem in Latin America. Involving professionals in food and nutrition to try to reduce these numbers appears to be a good strategy because just as the doctor treats the disease, the involvement of other specialists to address the cause of the problem can bring long-term benefits. A social project for this purpose that mobilizes chefs and nutritionists is in progress in Brazil.
Electron mobility enhancement in uniaxially strained MOSFETs: Extraction of the effective mass variation

In this paper, we investigate electron mobility enhancement in uniaxially stressed nMOSFETs with three different channel orientations on a (001) Si substrate. We have experimentally demonstrated that, for stress applied in a [110] direction, electrical results cannot be explained without considering that in-plane masses for the (001) 2-fold valleys (Delta2) are varying with strain. For the first time, their values in the transport direction, perpendicular and parallel to an applied stress, have been extracted from electrical measurements. It has been found that a tensile uniaxial [110] stress reduces the transverse conductivity mass mT of Delta2 while a tensile uniaxial [-110] stress increases mT. These results reinforce several previous theoretical works
Bedside Evaluation of the Acute Stroke Patient

Emanating from the results of the original National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (NINDS rt-PA) trial [1], the management of acute stroke has evolved as a cornerstone of emergency medical care, hospital medicine, and clinical neurology. While the only treatment for acute ischemic stroke approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) remains intravenous (IV) rt-PA administered within 3 hours of symptom onset, the field continues to expand with a focus on more timely treatment, expanding the pool of patients eligible for treatment, and optimization of methods of reperfusion. These advances include the use of IV rt-PA beyond the 3-hour window, the direct administration of intra-arterial rt-PA, and implementation of a variety of devices aimed at mechanical thrombectomy and other interventional means of cerebrovascular recanalization. However, integrating all of the scientific evidence guiding the acute stroke paradigm is daunting, even for the most seasoned vascular neurologist. According to the National Guideline Clearinghouse, an initiative of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in the De partment of Health and Human Services, there are currently 225 published guidelines related to “acute stroke” from various organizations and societies around the world [2]. The current standard of stroke care in the US is guided by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association’s (AHA/ASA) Get With the Guidelines (GWTG) program [3]. While stroke therapeutics will be discussed in detail elsewhere in this book, the aim of this chapter is to offer a simple, practical approach to the bedside evaluation of the acute stroke patient. As the opinions and recommendations herein draw on experience treating acute stroke, they also reflect the literature and guiding evidence. The chapter will broadly highlight seminal studies, published AHA/ASA guidelines, FDA regulations, and The Joint Commission (TJC) certification requirements for primary/comprehensive stroke centers – links to further resources can be found in the Appendix, Chapter 9. Explored in detail will be the various issues facing neurologists or other physicians in acute stroke scenarios, including an accurate gathering of history, essentials of the acute stroke physical exam, radiological diagnosis, and potential hurdles precluding a treatment decision. While these necessary steps are very much protocol driven, the reality of the acute stroke setting dictates a somewhat simultaneous process in order to achieve the efficient delivery of treatment. Ultimately, the aim of the chapter is to further promote rapid diagnosis and timely management for all acute stroke patients, as the medical community continues to strive for the best possible outcomes from this disabling and deadly disease.
Are you hiding it?: usage habits of lifelogging camera wearers

Though still a rare sight, body-worn lifelogging cameras such as Mofily's YoCam or the Narrative Clip have become increasingly popular amongst tech-savvy audiences. In this paper, we investigate whether users of those devices prefer to wear them openly or in a concealed, less obtrusive manner. We discuss the camouflage of lifelogging cameras based on results from an online study (N=117), including the why (not) and how as well as qualitative insights on how social contexts influence usage habits. The results of our study provide empirical evidence that deliberate concealment can be perceived unethical, and that moderate noticeability is favoured. We furthermore found contrary effects of lifelogging cameras in interpersonal relationships, including self-censorship by the user, avoidance behaviour by her/his peers and conversation starting character of the device itself. We conclude by highlighting design challenges concerning ubiquitous, body-worn cameras.
The cytoplasmic domain of the LDL receptor‐related protein regulates multiple steps in APP processing

The low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein (LRP) has recently been implicated in numerous intracellular signaling functions, as well as in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Studies have shown that the β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) interacts with LRP and that this association may impact the production of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ). In this report, we provide evidence that LRP regulates trafficking of intracellular proteins independently of its lipoprotein receptor functions. We show that in the absence of LRP, Aβ production, APP secretion, APP internalization, turnover of full‐length APP and stability of APP C‐terminal fragments are affected. Importantly, these changes are not APP isoform dependent. Using deletion constructs, the critical region in LRP that modulates APP processing was mapped to a seven peptide domain around the second NPXY domain (residues 4504–4510). Therefore, we propose a model by which LRP functionally modulates APP processing, including those steps critical for Aβ production, through interactions of the cytosolic domains.
Membrane Topology and Identification of Key Functional Amino Acid Residues of Murine Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase-2*

Triacylglycerols are the predominant molecules of energy storage in eukaryotes. However, excessive accumulation of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue leads to obesity and, in nonadipose tissues, is associated with tissue dysfunction. Hence, it is of great importance to have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of triacylglycerol synthesis. The final step in triacylglycerol synthesis is catalyzed by the acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2. Although recent studies have shed light on metabolic functions of these enzymes, little is known about the molecular aspects of their structures or functions. Here we report the topology for murine DGAT2 and the identification of key amino acids that likely contribute to enzymatic function. Our data indicate that DGAT2 is an integral membrane protein with both the N and C termini oriented toward the cytosol. A long hydrophobic region spanning amino acids 66-115 likely comprises two transmembrane domains or, alternatively, a single domain that is embedded in the membrane bilayer. The bulk of the protein lies distal to the transmembrane domains. This region shares the highest degree of homology with other enzymes of the DGAT2 family and contains a sequence HPHG that is conserved in all family members. Mutagenesis of this sequence in DGAT2 demonstrated that it is required for full enzymatic function. Additionally, a neutral lipid-binding domain that is located in the putative first transmembrane domain was also required for full enzymatic function. Our findings provide the first insights into the topography and molecular aspects of DGAT2 and related enzymes.
Worksite Primary Care: An Assessment of Cost and Quality Outcome Metrics

The health care reform legislation is not likely in the near term to impact health care delivery in the United States, which is broadly considered to be expensive, imperfect, and ineffective. It is responsible for 60% of personal bankruptcies.1 It now consumes 17% of the nation’s economy and will reach 21% by 2020, if trends continue.2 Relative to effectiveness, the United States is ranked number 37 in the world by the World Health Organization.3 The costs associated with health care rank with the price of energy, a broken tort system, and the excessive corporate taxes in creating a major disadvantage for American businesses. The World Health Organization’s 2008 statistics demonstrate the significant gap that exists between the U.S. private sector spending on the per capita cost of health care relative to other major industrialized countries such as Germany, Canada, Japan, and the UK, an average of about six-to-one. When comparison is made with such developing economies as China and India, the differences can reach orders of magnitude (Fig. 1). 4 Because 60% of Americans get their health insurance coverage through their employer,5 transforming health care is critical for American businesses to achieve global competitiveness. Many large and mid-sized U.S. employers (1000 or more employees) have considered the opportunity to offer worksite primary care as a means to not only control the costs of health care but also to improve the effectiveness of care and to enhance human performance. In general, worksite primary care can impact health care costs through the following mechanisms: