Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A question answer system based on confirmed knowledge acquired from a mailing list

Purpose – This paper aims to report a QA system that can answer how‐type questions based on confirmed knowledge acquired from mails, posted to a mailing list. It aims to propose a method of detecting incorrect information in mails posted to a mailing list (ML) by using mails that ML participants submitted for correcting incorrect information in previous mails.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses a problem of acquiring knowledge from natural language documents, then proposes a method to give these mails three kinds of confirmation labels, positive, negative, and other, depending on their credibility.Findings – The paper shows a QA system based on the confirmed knowledge. It finds mail questions that are similar to the user's question and gives answers and their confirmation labels to the user. By using the confirmation labels, the user can easily choose the information that can solve his or her problem.Originality/value – The study describes a method of detecting incorrect information in mails.
Revision rates after knee replacement in the United States.

OBJECTIVES Each year approximately 100,000 Medicare patients undergo knee replacement surgery. Patients, referring physicians, and surgeons must consider a variety of factors when deciding if knee replacement is indicated. One factor in this decision process is the likelihood of revision knee replacement after the initial surgery. This study determined the chance that a revision knee replacement will occur and which factors were associated with revision. METHODS Data on all primary and revision knee replacements that were performed on Medicare patients during the years 1985 through 1990 were obtained. The probability that a revision knee replacement occurred was modeled from data for all patients for whom 2 full years of follow-up data were available. Two strategies for linking revisions to a particular primary knee replacement for each patient were developed. Predictive models were developed for each linking strategy. ICD-9-CM codes were used to determine hospitalizations for primary knee replacement and revision knee replacement. RESULTS More than 200,000 hospitalizations for primary knee replacements were performed, with fewer than 3% of them requiring revision within 2 years. The following factors increase the chance of revision within 2 years of primary knee replacement: (1) male gender, (2) younger age, (3) longer length of hospital stay for the primary knee replacement, (4) more diagnoses at the primary knee replacement hospitalization, (5) unspecified arthritis type, (6) surgical complications during the primary knee replacement hospitalization, and (7) primary knee replacement performed at an urban hospital. CONCLUSIONS Revision knee replacement is uncommon. Demographic, clinical, and process factors were related to the probability of revision knee replacement.
Importance of Leukoaraiosis on CT for Tissue Plasminogen Activator Decision Making: Evaluation of the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study

Background: Leukoaraiosis is associated with microhemorrhages on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Such hemorrhages have been postulated to be responsible for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after thrombolytic treatment. We examined the relationship between small-vessel ischemic disease and symptomatic ICH within the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study. Methods: Baseline CT scans from the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study were re-evaluated retrospectively by blinded expert CT readers using the van Swieten Score (vSS) for leukoaraiosis. The scale examined the severity of white-matter changes on 3 serial CT slices and graded separately for the 2 distinct regionsanterior and posterior to the central sulcus: 0 = no lesion, 1 = partlyinvolving the white matter, and 2 = extending up to the cortex. Results: 603 CT scans were interpreted. The risk of symptomatic ICH increased with higher vSS in both the placebo and treatment groups. The absolute risk of symptomatic hemorrhage was 7.9% in the rt-PA-treated cohort among patients with severe white-matter disease (vSS = 3–4) versus 2.9% receiving placebo. Among severe leukoaraiosis patients (vSS = 3–4), no differential treatment effect was seen with rt-PA patients achieving better outcomes than placebo, modified Rankin score 0–1 in 31.6% of rt-PA-treated versus 14.7% of placebo-treated patients. Conclusion: The results from the present study do not support the concept that leukoaraiosis present on baseline noncontrast CT scanning is critical to thrombolysis decision making in the first 3 h from symptom onset. No clear leukoaraiosis threshold was identified below which no benefit or harm could be seen from intravenous rt-PA therapy.
(Un)Explained Hyperventilation

another blood gas was done, which revealed respiratory alkalosis showing pH 7.57, pCO 2 25.2 mm Hg (parallel PcCO 2 24 mm Hg), pO 2 83.7 mm Hg and bicarbonate 23.2 mmol/l. The oxygen saturation during this entire test was above 96%. Profound hyperventilation at rest was diagnosed. A suspected diagnosis of hyperventilation in a patient with atypical symptoms could be diagnosed by the use of cutaneous carbon dioxide tension monitoring. A 30-year-old man was referred from his general practitioner for resistant chronic pain, fatigue, muscular weakness, and disturbed sleep. The patient wakes up at night with his whole body being stiff, and aching and burning sensations in the upper half of the body and his face. Asked for any measure to alleviate the symptoms, he reported that sitting by the window and breathing calmly would relieve his distress to some extent. An exacerbation in pain intensity shows the following time course: air hunger, stiffness in the legs, then extending to the whole body, tingling and burning in the feet, and a feeling of pressure in the back and in his chest. Asked explicitly for respiratory symptoms he admits dyspnea at rest and occasionally on physical exercise. Lung auscultation was clear, chest X-ray showed no infi ltrates and a lung function test revealed no abnormalities. Maximum oxygen uptake on spiroergometry was 58% of predicted (22.8 ml/kg/ min), maximum heart rate achieved was 85% of predicted (154/ min) and ventilatory reserve was 30% (46.7% maximum voluntary ventilation). Arterial blood gas analysis on maximal exercise showed pH 7.38, pO 2 96 mm Hg and pCO 2 32.2 mm Hg. Daytime capnography was performed to check for hypocapnea as a marker of hyperventilation using a cutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PcCO 2 ) monitoring sensor (Sentec, Therwil, Switzerland) that was placed on the left earlobe in the sitting position. The baseline PcCO 2 value was 33 mm Hg, which gradually increased to 35 mm Hg. An arterial blood gas was performed which revealed: pH 7.46, partial pressure of carbon dioxide 36.2 mm Hg (parallel PcCO 2 35.1 mm Hg), arterial pO 2 92.2 mm Hg and bicarbonate 25.5 mmol/l. The patient was then offered a newspaper and was left alone. When the doctor arrived in the room 10 min later, the PcCO 2 value was 26 mm Hg and the patient complained of feeling faint. He was made to lay down and the blood pressure was 130/80 mm Hg in the left arm. Ten minutes later when he was feeling well, he was again left alone in the room for 10 min (PcCO 2 was 29 mm Hg) and this was done twice. The lowest PcCO 2 value recorded was 21 mm Hg when the doctor entered the room for the last time. At this time, Published online: August 30, 2005
Enhanced EBG Resonator Antenna as Feed of a Reflector Antenna in the Ka Band

Recent studies have shown that a multibeam reflector antenna could be illuminated by a multifeed electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure, in order to achieve a high gain multispot coverage with the simple "one feed by beam" concept and only one aperture. This letter deals with the design of a metallic EBG antenna in the Ka band, feeding a side-fed offset cassegrain antenna (SFOCA) for a European multispot coverage. This reflector presents a high focal-length-to-diameter ratio limiting the defocusing effects for multibeam applications. It, therefore, requires focal feeds with a high directivity and a good radiation pattern quality. The well-known drawbacks of an EBG antenna are the narrow radiation bandwidth for high directivities and also the high sidelobes level reducing the reflector antenna efficiency. Consequently, the work presented in this letter consisted in improving the EBG antenna performances by using a more efficient feed. The replacement of the usual microstrip patch by a horn allowed to double the radiation bandwidth while decreasing the sidelobes level (-15 dB) of a 24-dB EBG antenna. A metallic prototype excited by a single horn has been manufactured at 30 GHz, and the measurements agree with the simulation. This device with one feed allows good SFOCA performances, similar to those obtained with a conventional focal feed like a Potter horn.
Comparison of simulation models for self-excited induction generators

This paper examines the application of an Ideal Rotating Transformer (IRTF) model for evaluating the transient and steady state behaviour of a self-excited induction generator. The IRTF model is outlined and compared with the traditionally used dq induction machine model. Simulated results from both models are compared to experimental results obtained from a 4kW induction machine. The merits of each approach are considered.
Effects of atorvastatin metabolites on induction of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters through human pregnane X receptor

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atorvastatin metabolites differ in their potential for drug interaction because of differential inhibition of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We here investigate whether they exert differential effects on the induction of these genes via activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).
A review of wound management materials

Wound dressing is one of the main external effectors during the healing process of wounds The following characteristics are required for ideal modern and smart wound dressings bioadhesiveness to the wound surface ease of applications easily sterilised inhibition of bacterial invasion biodegradability oxygen permeability non toxic etc There is a growing concern about the usage of smart materials as wound dressings These are natural polymers such as polysaccharides and derivatives e g carboxymethlycellulose alginates chitosan and heparin proteoglycans and proteins e g collagen gelatine fibrin and keratin and what is more the impact of such materials on the wound healing process is still under investigation by scientists and experts in general Development of wound dressing materials is main objectives of this paper which will provide general information on future wound dressing materials nbsp
Design of IPMSM with eccentric rotor and search coils for absolute position sensorless drive

In this paper, a design methodology of IPMSM for absolute position sensorless drive is proposed. In conventional researches on the absolute position estimation, initial motion of the rotor was required, which was not allowed in many applications. To eliminate the initial motion, an IPMSM with eccentric rotor with search coils is devised. In the proposed design, the information of the absolute position is included in the voltage signals at the search coils. By measuring the search coil voltages and analyzing them, the absolute position can be estimated without the initial motion of the rotor. The overall performances of the proposed motor design are evaluated by rigorous finite element analyses and experimental tests.
Outcome of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia after second salvage therapy

The outcome of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who undergo second salvage therapy has been characterized poorly. This is important with regard to investigational approaches aimed at helping this subset of patients. The objectives of the current study were to predict outcomes and determine the prognostic factors associated with second salvage therapy in patients with ALL.
A BROADBAND X-RAY STUDY OF THE GEMINGA PULSAR WITH NuSTAR AND XMM-NEWTON

We report on the first hard X-ray detection of the Geminga pulsar above 10 keV using a 150 ks observation with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observatory. The double-peaked pulse profile of non-thermal emission seen in the soft X-ray band persists at higher energies. Broadband phase-integrated spectra over the 0.2–20 keV band with NuSTAR and archival XMM-Newton data do not fit to a conventional two-component model of a blackbody plus power law, but instead exhibit spectral hardening above ∼5 keV. We find that two spectral models fit the data well: (1) a blackbody (kT1 ∼ 42 eV) with a broken power law (Γ1 ∼ 2.0, Γ2 ∼ 1.4 and Ebreak ∼ 3.4 keV) and (2) two blackbody components (kT1 ∼ 44 eV and kT2 ∼ 195 eV) with a power-law component (Γ ∼ 1.7). In both cases, the extrapolation of the Rayleigh–Jeans tail of the thermal component is consistent with the UV data, while the non-thermal component overpredicts the near-infrared data, requiring a spectral flattening at E ∼ 0.05–0.5 keV. While strong phase variation of the power-law index is present below ∼5 keV, our phase-resolved spectroscopy with NuSTAR indicates that another hard non-thermal component with Γ ∼ 1.3 emerges above ∼5 keV. The spectral hardening in non-thermal X-ray emission as well as spectral flattening between the optical and X-ray bands argue against the conjecture that a single power law may account for multi-wavelength non-thermal spectra of middle-aged pulsars.
Chronic subdural hematoma in the elderly: not a benign disease.

OBJECT Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is perceived to be a "benign," easily treated condition in the elderly, but reported follow-up periods are brief, usually limited to acute hospitalization. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of data obtained in a prospectively identified consecutive series of adult patients admitted to their institution between September 2000 and February 2008 and in whom there was a CT diagnosis of CSDH. Survival data were compared to life-table data. RESULTS Of the 209 cases analyzed, 63% were men and the mean age was 80.6 years (range 65-96 years). Primary surgical interventions performed were bur holes in 21 patients, twist-drill closed-system drainage in 44, and craniotomies in 72. An additional 72 patients were simply observed. Reoperations were recorded in 5 patients-4 who had previously undergone twist-drill drainage and 1 who had previously undergone a bur hole procedure (p = 0.41, chi-square analysis). Thirty-five patients (16.7%) died in hospital, 130 were discharged to rehabilitation or a skilled care facility, and 44 returned home. The follow-up period extended to a maximum of 8.3 years (median 1.45 years). Six-month and 1-year mortality rates were 26.3% and 32%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis (step-wise logistic regression), the sole factor that predicted in-hospital death was neurological status on admission (OR 2.1, p = 0.02, for each step). Following discharge, the median survival in the remaining cohort was 4.4 years. In the Cox proportional hazards model, only age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06/year, p = 0.02) and discharge to home (HR 0.24, p = 0.01) were related to survival, whereas the type of intervention, whether surgery was performed, size of subdural hematoma, amount of shift, bilateral subdural hematomas, and anticoagulant agent use did not affect the long- or short-term mortality rate. Comparison of postdischarge survival and anticipated actuarial survival demonstrated a markedly increased mortality rate in the CSDH group (median survival 4.4 vs 6 years, respectively; HR 1.94, p = 0.0002, log-rank test). This excess mortality rate was also observed at 6 months postdischarge with evidence of normalization only at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS In this first report of the long-term outcome of elderly patients with CSDH the authors observed persistent excess mortality up to 1 year beyond diagnosis. This belies the notion that CSDH is a benign disease and indicates it is a marker of other underlying chronic diseases similar to hip fracture.
MSC microvesicles for the treatment of lung disease: a new paradigm for cell-free therapy.

SIGNIFICANCE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease of infancy, is a major complication of preterm birth that, despite improvements in neonatal respiratory support and perinatal care, remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, often with severe adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae. Even with major advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, BPD remains essentially without adequate treatment. RECENT ADVANCES Cell-based therapies arose as a promising treatment for acute and chronic lung injury in many experimental models of disease. Currently, more than 3000 human clinical trials employing cell therapy for the treatment of diverse diseases, including cardiac, neurologic, immune, and respiratory conditions, are ongoing or completed. Among the treatments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most studied and have been extensively tested in experimental models of BPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and acute lung injury. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite the promising potential, MSC therapy for human lung disease still remains at an experimental stage and optimal transplantation conditions need to be determined. Although the mechanism of MSC action can be manifold, accumulating evidence suggests a predominant paracrine, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective effect. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The current review summarizes the effect of MSC treatment in models of lung injury, including BPD, and focuses on the MSC secretome and, specifically, MSC-derived microvesicles as potential key mediators of therapeutic action that can be the focus of future therapies.
lucose and Surgical Sepsis : A Study of Underlying mmunologic Mechanisms

BACKGROUND: Early clinical trials investigating the role of tightly controlled glucose levels showed marked benefit in survival of critically ill patients. However, a recent meta-analysis and large randomized controlled trial have failed to reproduce the benefit, showing instead substantially increased risk of dangerous hypoglycemia. We sought to investigate the effects of varying glucose concentrations on previously tested, prognostically significant, innate immune parameters, to define any potential effects of glucose at the cellular level. STUDY DESIGN: After formal approval and informed consent, venous blood samples were collected from young healthy volunteers. Up to 11 corresponding (same-subject) samples were incubated at 100, 350, or 600 mg/dL glucose concentrations and analyzed to determine human leukocyte antigen-DR surface receptor expression, cytokine release, phagocytic capacity, and formation of reactive oxygen species. Data are presented as mean SEM. RESULTS: After incubation, the change in human leukocyte antigen-DR mean channel fluorescence from resting baseline values in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes was not significantly different between 100, 350, and 600 mg/dL (1,749 110; 1,748 120; and 1,725 96, respectively; p 0.89). Tumor necrosis factorconcentrations were significantly lower for samples incubated at higher glucose concentrations (179 50 pg/mL, 125 30 pg/mL, and 107 29 pg/mL; p 0.05). The phagocytic capacity of the innate immune system was marginally enhanced by glucose. However, the formation of reactive oxygen species was markedly impaired by rising glucose (55% to 66% impairment; p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing glucose concentrations exert considerable opposing effects on several wellestablished innate immunologic processes. The opposing findings might contribute to recent clinical controversies. Physician judgment and experience are essential to imminent treatment of critically ill and perioperative surgical patients. ( J Am Coll Surg 2010;210:966–974. © 2010 by the American College of Surgeons)
Adaptive modulation scheme for spatially correlated OFDM with Time Shifted Sampling

In this report, an adaptive modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme that provides efficient data transmission for correlated receiver antenna arrays is proposed. Previously reported adaptive modulation schemes generally select the modulation scheme based on the estimated carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) on each subcarrier. However, in antenna array communication in addition to the CNR, the spatial fading correlation should also be considered to evaluate the system performance. Especially, when the Time Shifted Sampling (TSS) technique is applied which overcomes the spatial correlation for some subchannels of an OFDM symbol, the spatial correlation varies dramatically through subcarriers. In this work, modulation scheme is selected based on the CNR and the spatial correlation coefficient for each subcarrier when the TSS technique is employed at the receiver. Numerical results through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional systems in achieving a target BER and establishing reliable communication while having almost the same transmission rate.
Contribution au classement statistique mutualisé de messages électroniques (spam). (A contribution to shared classification of electronic messages (spam))

Depuis la fin des annees 90, les differentes methodes issues de l'apprentissage artificiel ont ete etudiees et appliquees au probleme de classement de messages electroniques (filtrage de spam), avec des resultats tres bons, mais pas parfaits. Il a toujours ete considere que ces methodes etaient adaptees aux solutions de filtrage orientees vers un seul destinataire et non pas au classement des messages d'une communaute entiere. Dans cette these notre demarche a ete, d'abord, de chercher a mieux comprendre les caracteristiques des donnees manipulees, a l'aide de corpus reels de messages, avant de proposer des nouveaux algorithmes. Puis, nous avons utilise un classificateur a regression logistique avec de l'apprentissage actif en ligne - pour demontrer empiriquement qu'avec un algorithme simple et une configuration d'apprentissage mieux adaptee au contexte reel de classement, on peut obtenir des resultats aussi bons que ceux que l'on obtient avec des algorithmes plus complexes. Nous avons aussi demontre, avec des ensembles de messages d'un petit groupe d'utilisateurs, que la perte d'efficacite peut ne pas etre significative dans un contexte de classement mutualise.
A wide-band electro-optical E-field probe for electromagnetic pulse measurement

This paper addresses the design and the experiment of a new E-field probe with small size and ultra wide band. The probe uses an electrical small monopole antenna to sense the outer E-field. A preamplifier based on a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) increases the probe's sensitivity and the input impedance. A DFB-LD (Distributed feedback laser) modulated by the field strength is employed to transmit the electrical signal to optical signal. The probe was tested in a TEM cell and proved to be able to use in High Power Microwave measurement.