Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding What Drives Food Web Structure in Marine Pelagic Ecosystems

Coastal ecosystems constitute <3% of the world ocean area yet contributes to >80% to world fisheries catch. Understanding food web structure is essential in ecosystem-based management, predicting impacts of global climate change, and in determining trophic pathways of certain bioaccumulation pollutants. Within the Pacific Ocean the northern California Current ecosystem off western North America and the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition zone exhibit very high levels of primary production and secondary production, whereas the southern California and Kuroshio Currents have relatively lower levels of production. Because levels of base production can vary between ecosystems but yet many of the same fish taxa reside within these systems, a natural comparison of the relative trophic levels between conspecifics can help determine the importance of the prey community in structuring higher-level trophic interactions. In this study we hypothesized that ecosystems of high primary and secondary production will have shorter food chains due to greater omnivory by the consumption of plankton by fish; this should be expressed as lower relative trophic levels, as determined by nitrogen stable isotope values. Results showed fish from low production zones showed significantly higher relative trophic levels to those from high production zones. Overall, food webs from highly productive ecosystems are likely more web-like and non-linear compared to those from lower-production ecosystems.
Ka-Band TDD Front-End with Gate Shunt Switched Cascode LNA and Three-Stack PA on 22nm FDSOI CMOS Technology

TDD Ka-band front-end with integrated switch on 22nm FDSOI CMOS technology is implemented for 5G NR at 24-28 GHz bands. Shunt switch technique reduces front-end performance only by 2 dB at 24 GHz compared to stand-alone reference amplifiers. Output power of TX with stacked PA is 13.6 dBm with 15 dB of peak gain, and RX front-end has 5dB noise figure at 24 GHz, both measured at the antenna port. Maximum average channel power at 28 GHz was 4.8 dBm with 100 MHz 64-QAM OFDM signal within 5G ACPR and EVM specifications. The PA and LNA amplifiers dissipate 183 mW and 4.6 mW from 2.8V and 0.8V supplies, respectively, occupying only 0.19mm2.
EXPLORING THE RISK PERCEPTION DIMENSIONS THAT INFLUENCE CONSUMER’S ATTITUDE ON PURCHASE INTENTION OF PRIVATE LABEL BRANDS-A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In the present retail sector, the store brands are gaining more attraction now a day. Store brands are brands created by retailer and carried all the merchandise by our own products in their own shops. The store brands also called as private label brands. The private label brands just a brand on behalf of which the seller have to acquire entire task commencing growth, supplying as well as warehousing toward retailing with promotion. Risk perception is able to clarify like consumers’ uncertainty happening in the consequences of their purchasing choices. Main intention behind this study is to present the conceptual framework leading to the proportions of risk perception that characterizes consumer attitude leading to buying intention of store brands Perceived risk can explained as consumers’ uncertainty towards consequences of consumers purchasing choices. Perceived risk thought that the consumer about the purchase of a particular product from a retailer while it may or may not be correct. In this conceptual framework, the perceived risk model deals with fewer than six proportions. The proportions are functional risk, social risk, physical risk, financial risk, psychological risk as well as time risk. By the way, another intention of this study is to examine the consequences of risk perception dimensions during understanding the attitude of buyers and their purchase intentions of private label brands.
Trade Openness, Government Development Expenditures, Gross Capital Formation and Economic Growth: An ASEAN Case

The present study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding regarding the significance and impact of economic growth variables in Thailand. Therefore, the present study will enable signifying the areas which require efforts towards achieving economic growth development in Thailand. Furthermore, this research will offer recommendations for managing variables and establishing policies, which serve as catalysts for the economic development of Thailand’s economy. Therefore, accurate and goods actions are needed, since it is the basic pulse to achieve the development of nations. A strong economy depicts the real development situation and protects the higher prosperity of people, which develops peace and stability in the economy. Such empirical findings may provide insights to other researchers, including to investigate it and offer a better explanation. However, this study focusses upon the economic growth determination in Thailand using 40 years of data, during the period of 1976–2018.
Kolanut consumption, its benefits and side effects

This article assessed kolanut consumption, its benefits and side effects. Kolanut is the fruit of the kola tree, which is indigenous to West Africa. The two main varieties are Cola acuminata and Cola nitida. It is the most common masticatory in Nigeria, and is quite bitter but gives a sweet taste after chewing. A desk research was done using various published literatures on kolanut. It was unveiled that the consumption of kolanut has many benefits as well as side effects. The side effects are dependent on the quantity intake of caffeine, a significant substance present in kolanut. Caffeine is a stimulant like theobromine and kolanin, which are also present in coffee, tea and chocolate. Kolanuts are chewed fresh and are also in the form of extracts, which is common food flavouring found in energy drinks. Right amount of kolanut depends on factors such as age, physiology and health status, and as such, more effort should be channeled into the area of investigating more appropriate quantity of kolanut that should be consumed in relation to people’s status.
Leucyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase

Leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase was purified 100-fold from extracts of Salmonella typhimurium. The partially purified enzyme had the following Km values: leucine, 1.1 x 10-5 M; adenosine triphosphate, 6.5 x 10-4 M; tRNATLeu, 4.1 X 10-i M; tRNA1ILeU, 4.3 x 10-8 M; tRNA11jLeU, 5.3 X 10-8 M; and tRNA vtLeu, 2.9 x 10-8 M. The tRNALeU fractions were isolated from Salmonella bulk tRNA by chromatography on reversed-phase columns and benzoylated diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.5 and an activation energy of 10,400 cal per mole, and was inactivated exponentially at 49.5 C with a first-order rate constant of 0.064 min. Strain CV356 (leuS3 leuABCD702 ara-9 gal-205) was isolated as a mutant resistant to DL-4azaleucine and able to grow at 27 C but not at 37 C. Extracts of strain CV356 had no leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity (charging assay) when assayed at 27 or 37 C. Temperature sensitivity and enzyme deficiency were caused by mutation in the structural gene locus specifying leucyl-tRNA synthetase. A prototrophic derivative of strain CV356 (CV357) excreted branched-chain amino acids and had high pathway-specific enzyme levels when grown at temperatures where its doubling time was near normal. At growth-restricting temperatures, both amino acid excretion and enzyme levels were further elevated. The properties of strain CV357 indicate that there is only a single leucyl-tRNA synthetase in S. typhimurium.
Orthogonal Laguerre Recurrent Neural Networks

The inability of RNN architectures to incorporate stable discrete-time linear time-invariant dynamics has been a long-standing problem that has also affected their performance in practice. To mitigate this problem, in this paper, we propose a RNN architecture that embeds a linear time-invariant system basis comprising of Laguerre polynomials inside its structure. Laguerre functions are a family of Eigenfunctions arising from the Sturm-Liouville problem characterized by their or-thonormality. Our RNN uses the embedded full state-space representation provided by such orthonormal functions in two different variants: a general orthogonal La-guerre network and a Ladder network. The state of such systems is used as a means to preserve input information for more extended periods by an orthogonal encoding. Both variants are enhanced by a non-linear static output layer that projects the state, the memory, and the past output for the hidden state. The proposed models are benchmarked exhaustively against other dynamical systems inspired-RNN’s on two physics-based benchmarks that demonstrate their better performance.
The Role of Halal Awareness on Purchase Intention of Halal Food: Evidence from Indonesian Working Students

This study aimed to measure the effect of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on purchase behavior of working students in a private higher education in Tangerang which are mediated by purchase intention and moderated by halal awareness. Data collection was done by simple random sampling to 410 population of working students. The returned and valid questionnaire results were 211 samples. Data processing was used SEM method with Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results of this study concluded that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a significant effect on purchase intention. Meanwhile, purchase intention have a significant effect on working student purchase behavior, and halal awareness moderated effect of purchase intention on purchase behavior.
A Centralised Sparse Representation

This supplementary material is organized as follows: in section A, we provide a brief description of an other approach to take into account self similarities in sparse models. In Section B, we provide implementation details that are useful to reproduce the results of our paper (note that the code is also provided). In Section C, we present additional quantitative results that were not included in the main paper for space limitation reasons; we notably provide the SSIM quality metric [16] for grayscale, color, and demosaicking experiments; the SSIM score is sometimes more meaningful than PSNR (note that the conclusions presented in the main paper remain unchanged, except for grey image denoising, where our method becomes either closer or better than NLRN, whereas it was slightly behind in PSNR); we also present ablation studies and provide additional baselines for demosaicking and denoising. Section D is devoted to the proof of Proposition 1, and finally in Section E, we present additional qualitative results (which require zooming on a computer screen). Finally, in section F we included Visualizations of parameters learned by our model to provide better intuition regarding our approach.
GuideMe A Networked Application for Indoor Orientation and Guidance

Today’s indoor navigational systems are more and more in demand, commonly used for applications such as smart cities, robots and visually impaired people. As far as outdoor navigation is concerned, the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is still one of the most (if not the most) commonly used approaches. Even though it is still considered an ideal solution for navigating in outdoor areas, challenges and problems arise when GPS is considered for navigation inside buildings due to obstacles (e.g., shopping malls, hospitals, etc.) and because signals cannot be absorbed by the building walls. To tackle the aforementioned issue, other technologies have emerged aimed at indoor navigation, such as Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth and sensors. This paper’s contribution is towards indoor navigation and, more specifically, it targets designing and developing a tracking and navigation system aimed at people that experience difficulties in indoor orientation using a wearable device. The user takes direction from the wearable device for the indoor orientation through voice commands helping him to avoid obstacles. The central part of the system is a device that provides the ability to navigate and find a route by voice commands, based on the device's location and orientation capabilities. Keywords-GuideMe; indoor navigation; trilateration; pathfinding; UWB; BLE: people with special needs.
The patterns and modes of the evolution of disparity in Mesozoic birds

The origin of birds from non-avian theropod dinosaurs is one of the greatest transitions in evolution. Shortly after diverging from other theropods in the Late Jurassic, Mesozoic birds diversified into two major clades—the Enantiornithes and Ornithuromorpha—acquiring many features previously considered unique to the crown group along the way. Here, we present a comparative phylogenetic study of the patterns and modes of Mesozoic bird skeletal morphology and limb proportions. Our results show that the major Mesozoic avian groups are distinctive in discrete character space, but constrained in a morphospace defined by limb proportions. The Enantiornithines, despite being the most speciose group of Mesozoic birds, are much less morphologically disparate than their sister clade, the Ornithuromorpha—the clade that gave rise to living birds, showing disparity and diversity were decoupled in avian history. This relatively low disparity suggests that diversification of enantiornithines was characterized in exhausting fine morphologies, whereas ornithuromorphs continuously explored a broader array of morphologies and ecological opportunities. We suggest this clade-specific evolutionary versatility contributed to their sole survival of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan with Sodium Carboxymethyldextran

Mixing of chitosan with sodium carboxymethyldextran having opposite charge gave rise to the formation of novel water-insoluble precipitates. The mole ratios of N/COO− in the polyelectrolyte complexes thus prepared were estimated to be 0.248–1.658. It was found that pH, mole ratio of N/Na and the order of mixing play an important role in determining the composition ratio of N/COO− in the polyelectrolyte complexes. IR spectroscopic studies, blood clotting test, elementary analyses, the color reaction with Toluidine Blue and studies on solubility of polyelectrolyte complexes revealed that there is no noticeable interactions between –COOH groups and –OH groups. However, the –NH3+ groups in chitosan participate in the binding with carboxymethyldextran, probably through its –COO− groups, in the polyelectrolyte complexes. It seems that the number of binding sites between –NH3+and -COO− groups in the polyelectrolyte complexes at pH 3.0 is smaller than those prepared at pH 6.5. Both the polyelectrolyte complexes p.
Assessment of Thematic Mapper Imagery for Forestry Applications under Lake States Conditions

Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data have only very general utility for forest type mapping and condition assessment under environmental conditions typical of the Lake States. Accurate classification is hindered by the considerable species and site vanablhty of this regIOn and the relatively coarse spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution of the MSS. This paper presents a preliminary assessment of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data for forestry apphcatlOns under Lake States conditions. Two study sites in Wisconsin with distinctly different forest character were analyzed uSlllg both visual and computer-assisted interpretation techniques. Highly accurate hardwood versus softwood and upland versus lowland forest type separations were made, and further specification was shown possible. Distinction of Jackpllle budworm defohatlOn levels was also achieved. Approaches to digital data analysis which incorporate visual analySIS techlllquesor spatlallllformatlOn appear needed to fully exploit the information value of the higher resolution data. This research lIldlcates that TM data can provide better forest type mapping and condition assessment information than MSS data and may, therefore, be more widely used in forestry applications. However, additional analyses are needed to fully assess the capablhty of TM imagery for forestry applications in the Lake States region.
Increasing Robustness to Spurious Correlations using Forgettable Examples

Neural NLP models tend to rely on spurious correlations between labels and input features to perform their tasks. Minority examples, i.e., examples that contradict the spurious correlations present in the majority of data points, have been shown to increase the out-of-distribution generalization of pre-trained language models. In this paper, we first propose using example forgetting to find minority examples without prior knowledge of the spurious correlations present in the dataset. Forgettable examples are instances either learned and then forgotten during training or never learned. We show empirically how these examples are related to minorities in our training sets. Then, we introduce a new approach to robustify models by fine-tuning our models twice, first on the full training data and second on the minorities only. We obtain substantial improvements in out-of-distribution generalization when applying our approach to the MNLI, QQP and FEVER datasets.
Potential of Piper betel Leaf Extract as Meat Preservative

This study determined the potential of betel leaf extract as a meat-preserving agent. Specifically, it determined the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of the meaty and fatty parts of the extract-treated meat and its colony count after 15, 20, and 25 days. The betel leaf extract was prepared by treating the pulverized dried leaves of the plant with 95% ethanol for 48 hours then evaporating the alcohol using the rotary evaporator. The resulting solution was used to treat the meat cubes at controlled environmental conditions. Results of the experiment revealed that the extract-treated meat was not as effective as the salt-treated meat in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, but this can be remedied by increasing the volume of the extract. Also, no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups was observed in terms of their internal and surface texture, and color but the contrary was observed in terms of their moisture content. The meat treated with the betel leaf extract has a higher moisture content than the salt-treated meat, and this is why it has higher bacterial count since moisture enhances the growth of bacteria. Based on the findings of the study, the following are the recommendations forwarded for the future direction of related studies: (1) the meat should be sliced thinner (1 cm) to allow the extract to penetrate deeply into the tissues, (2) the meat should be immersed in boiling water before the application of salt/betel extract to lessen the bacterial load, (3) the proportion of extract to the meat should be increased while maintaining the ratio of the salt to the meat (example: 300 grams meat: 300 grams extract; 300 grams meat: 100 grams salt), and (4) the experiment should be performed to other meat samples like beef, chicken, fish to maximize the utilization of the extract.
TOWARD A NEW COMPARATIVE PUBLIC LAW OF CENTRAL BANK LEGISLATION: Designing Legislative Mandates for Central Bank Private Securities Assets Purchases and Nominal GDP Targeting

Abstract What role could unconventional monetary policy – and particularly unconventional policies like private asset purchases under a quantitative easing or lender of last resort scheme – play in influencing economic growth directly? A wide literature in economics explores the pros and cons of using these policies. However, most studies also point to the uncertain and antagonistic legal basis for such purchases. In this paper, we show how the statutory mandate for nominal GDP targeting could best put in place the legal foundations for such asset purchases. We review the legislative and regulatory bases for private securities purchases made by central banks in a sample of countries. We discuss – if legislators and policymakers wanted to – how they might introduce clearer mandates to make such purchases into their public law. We finally show how legal authorizations for GDP targeting might (and probably should) provide for such authorisations. Our discussion sheds light on the fascinating and almost completely ignored area of public law, namely central bank law.
Comparison of multiple flatfoot indicators in 5–8-year-old children

Abstract Background The foot posture is age dependent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 6-item version of the foot posture index (FPI) and other clinical, foot anthropometric, radiological measurements for the foot position in 5–8-year-old children. Methods A total of 301 participants with a mean age of 6.4 ± 1.14 years were enrolled in the study. Children were examined physically, clinically, and radiologically to measure the FPI and navicular drop (ND) test, resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP) angle, Chippaux–Smirak index (CSI), Staheli index (SI), calcaneal pitch (CP) angle, talocalcaneal angle (TCA), and the first lateral metatarsal angle. Tibial torsions, internal rotation of the hip as an indirect method of femoral anteversion, and Beighton scale were analyzed for factors associated with flatfoot prevalence. Results The study included children with normal and flexible flatfeet. Statistical analysis showed a significant FPI score correlation with other parameters (SI, CSI, RCSP, ND, CP, TMA, and TCA showed strong and moderate correlations, p < 0.001). Overall, the strongest associates are CSI (β = 0.34) and ND (β = 0.28). Other indicators have relatively small relationships with the FPI. Conclusion A positive correlation was observed between FPI-6 and ND test, CSI in 5–8-year-old children. All three prominent foot posture indicators (FPI-6, ND, and CSI) might be used as a primary or preferred tool in clinical practice.
Advancements in the Evolution of Human Capacities to Know

Abstract The premise of this paper is that there are three distinct and hierarchical ‘categories of knowledge’ (Pharoah 2018). The first of these is physiological knowledge which is acquired over generations through the interaction between replicating lineages and the environment. This interaction facilitates the evolution of meaningful physiological structures, forms, functions, and qualitative ascriptions. Second, there is phenomenal knowledge which is qualified by the utilisation of real-time experience to effect an individuated spatiotemporal subjective perspective. This capability requires sophisticated cognitive capabilities. Conceptual knowledge is the third category and constitutes a network of abstracted principles about the spatiotemporal and phenomenal world of experience. From this starting premise, I argue that human knowledge can still be viewed as impoverished because of the absence of the next category which has not yet emerged. I suggest that this category will be apparent when a fuller understanding is acquired concerning the dynamic nature of concept construction and structuring. This will demand a transdisciplinary and multimodal approach.
Plurilingualism, learner autonomy and constructive alignment: A vision for university language centres in the 21st century

Abstract This article is my answer to the question: What is your vision of university language centres in the 21st century? I argue that language centres can best establish themselves as beacons of good practice by embracing, exploring and further developing the concept of plurilingualism, promoting the autonomy of their students, and constructively aligning curriculum, teaching/learning and assessment. Each of these activities requires research, so the realization of my vision entails that language centres should have the same obligation to engage in research as other academic departments. At present this is rarely the case, which suggests an important advocacy role for CercleS as it enters its fourth decade.