Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Market Model of Peninsular Malaysian Sawntimber Industry

A market model of sawn timber consisting of supply, export demand and domestic demano equations, and excess supply and price as identities was developed. The model can be used to analyse the effect of changes in exogenous variables such as export duty, substitute product prices, forest opening and economic growth on the supply, demand and price of sawn timber.
Imaging of skin dermal thermal damage by multiphoton autofluroescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy

Multiphoton autofluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy are useful in respectively identifying elastin and collagen fibers within the skin dermis. In this study, we attempt to characterize the degree of skin thermal damage by using multiphoton microscopy to characterize the thermal changes to collagen and elastin fibers. We found that autofluorescence and SHG imaging behave differently in skin dermis treated with different temperatures and that an index reflecting the relative changes in autofluorescence and SHG intensity is useful to identify the degree of dermal thermal damage to the skin. With additional development, our approach can be used to identify the extent of thermal damage in patients.
Effects of urbanization on stream water quality in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, USA

A long‐term stream water quality monitoring network was established in the city of Atlanta, Georgia during 2003 to assess baseline water quality conditions and the effects of urbanization on stream water quality. Routine hydrologically based manual stream sampling, including several concurrent manual point and equal width increment sampling, was conducted ∼12 times annually at 21 stations, with drainage areas ranging from 3·7 to 232 km2. Eleven of the stations are real‐time (RT) stations having continuous measures of stream stage/discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature and turbidity, and automatic samplers for stormwater collection. Samples were analyzed for field parameters, and a broad suite of water quality and sediment‐related constituents. Field parameters and concentrations of major ions, metals, nutrient species and coliform bacteria among stations were evaluated and with respect to watershed characteristics and plausible sources from 2003 through September 2007. Most constituent concentrations are much higher than nearby reference streams. Concentrations are statistically different among stations for several constituents, despite high variability both within and among stations. Routine manual sampling, automatic sampling during stormflows and RT water quality monitoring provided sufficient information about urban stream water quality variability to evaluate causes of water quality differences among streams. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations of most samples exceeded Georgia's water quality standard for any water‐usage class. High chloride concentrations occur at three stations and are hypothesized to be associated with discharges of chlorinated combined sewer overflows, drainage of swimming pool(s) and dissolution and transport during rainstorms of CaCl2, a deicing salt applied to roads during winter storms. One stream was affected by dissolution and transport of ammonium alum [NH4Al(SO4)2] from an alum‐manufacturing plant; streamwater has low pH (<5), low alkalinity and high metals concentrations. Several trace metals exceed acute and chronic water quality standards and high concentrations are attributed to washoff from impervious surfaces. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial covering arrays for data hiding and quantization

We consider the problem of finding a set (partial covering array) $S$ of vertices of the Boolean $n$-cube having cardinality $2^{n-k}$ and intersecting with maximum number of $k$-dimensional faces. We prove that the ratio between the numbers of the $k$-faces containing elements of $S$ to $k$-faces is less than $1-\frac{1+o(1)}{\sqrt{2\pi k}}$ as $n\rightarrow\infty$ for sufficiently large $k$. The solution of the problem in the class of linear codes is found. Connections between this problem, cryptography and an efficiency of quantization are discussed.
In situ dust measurements in the inner Saturnian system

In July 2004 the Cassini–Huygens mission reached the Saturnian system and started its orbital tour. A total of 75 orbits will be carried out during the primary mission until August 2008. In these four years Cassini crosses the ring plane 150 times and spends approx. 400 h within Titan’s orbit. The Cosmic Dust Analyser (CDA) onboard Cassini characterises the dust environment with its extended E ring and embedded moons. Here, we focus on the CDA results of the first year and we present the Dust Analyser (DA) data within Titan’s orbit. This paper does investigate High Rate Detector data and dust composition measurements. The authors focus on the analysis of impact rates, which were strongly variable primarily due to changes of the spacecraft pointing. An overview is given about the ring plane crossings and the DA counter measurements. The DA dust impact rates are compared with the DA boresight configuration around all e front matter r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. s.2006. 05.021 ing author. Tel. : +496221 516423; fax: +49 6221 516601. ess: ralf.srama@mpi-hd.mpg. de (R. Srama).
Sexism, Statements, and Audits

Gender stereotypes and gender-discriminant behaviors have been shown to have strong and undesirable organizational, managerial, and economic effects. We examine the relationship between sexism and accounting practices, and the effect of contextual feedback using laboratory experiments. Sexist stereotypes and contextual feedback may affect the likelihood of financial misstatements and audits when auditors and issuers are of known gender. To investigate these aspects of sexism at zero acquaintance and after contextual feedback, we presented males and females with incentivized belief elicitation tasks about anticipated interaction behaviors and then a series of strategic-communication game decisions in same, other, and unknown gender interactions. Feedback about belief accuracy, actual behaviors, and earnings was only given after completing a full set of belief elicitations and interactions. At zero acquaintance, both genders stereotyped the other gender’s behavior propensities as relatively different than their own gender’s. Both genders’ stereotyped male and female targets similarly, and while both genders discriminated based on target gender, males’ and females’ behavior was similar. Consistent with a statistical discrimination account of sexism, stereotypes and game behaviors were adjusted after contextual feedback to more accurately reflect and predict others’ behaviors. While biosocial and evolutionary perspectives may help explain why undesirable sexism is prevalent, our results suggest that by providing contextual information and incentives in reporting and auditing settings, we can motivate sexists to moderate their stereotypes and linked behaviors.
Driving Style Influence on Vehicles Performances

Digital Object Identifier 10.32754/JMT.2018. 1.07 39 1 Abstract—Vehicle dynamics and fuel saving performances are largely influenced by the driving style of the driver. This paper will give an account of this important aspect mentioned in specialty literature, defining some driving style assessment criteria and setting their values based on the experimental data obtained from the tests conducted on a Logan Laureate. The experimental data corresponds to 50 starting samples and 50 normal movement samples, the latter being called “nonstarting” in the paper.
Importance of discards from the English Nephrops norvegicus fishery in the North Sea to marine scavengers

Discards refer to that part of the catch which is returned to the sea during commercial fishing operations. Organisms that do not survive the discarding process can provide an additional food source to scavenging species. The aim of this study was to determine whether the quantity and quality of discarded material from the intensively fished English Nephrops norvegicus fishery is such that it has a positive effect on marine scavenger populations. Field studies were used to identify marine scavenger species and estimate their abundance. Discard experiments combined with data from commercial vessels provided estimates of the partitioning of discards between aerial and marine scavengers and the spatial distribution of discarding. A bioenergetic model was devised to evaluate the importance of discards to marine scavengers. Seabirds utilised an estimated 57% of the discarded material; most discarding (83%) took place over the fishing grounds. Species identified as marine dis- card scavengers included Liocarcinus depurator, Asterias rubens, Neptunea antiqua, Pagurus bern- hardus, Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus and Myxine glutinosa. The hagfish M. glutinosa was the most abundant scavenger, and made up 79% by weight of all identified marine scavengers on the fishing grounds. The energy available from discards could potentially provide the identified marine discard scavengers on the fishing grounds with 37% of their energetic requirements during the fish- ing season. This level of contribution is probably sufficient to allow larger populations of these scavenging species to exist than would otherwise be possible.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION FROM THE CONVECTION ZONE TO THE CHROMOSPHERE

With the computer code CO 5 BOLD, a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the integral layers from the convection zone to the chromosphere has been carried out. The MHD extension of CO 5 BOLD, which is a combination of an approximate Riemann solver with a constrained transport method, is briefly described. The simulation is intended to represent magnetoconvection in a quiet network-cell interior. The following preliminary new results are obtained: The chromospheric magnetic field is marked by strong dynamics with a continuous reshuffling of magnetic flux on a time scale of less than 1 min. Rapidly moving filaments of stronger than average magnetic field form in the compression zone downstream and along propagating shock fronts that are present throughout the chromosphere. These magnetic filaments that have a field strength rarely exceeding 40 G, rapidly move with the shock waves and quickly form and dissolve with them. The picture of flux concentrations that strongly expand through the photosphere into a more homogeneous, space filling chromospheric field remains valid. With the present new code, it became for the first time possible to extend simulations of magnetoconvection of the surface layers into the chromosphere.
Comparative Study of Factors Leading to Detrimental Variations in Public Building Projects

Variations with their attached effects on construction projects continue to be a chronic problem worldwide and the situation is getting worse. Many public building projects, particularly in developing countries have been subjected to detrimental variations often leading to cost overruns, time overruns, project abandonment, rework, disruption and conflicts. Consequently, these have led to non-fulfillment of project objectives. Relative to their geographical locations in East African (EA), the economies of Tanzania (TZ) and Uganda (UG) mainly depend on agriculture and almost have similar characteristics and investment in the construction sector. This study was aimed at identifying, evaluating and comparing the causes of detrimental variations in public building projects in Tanzania and Uganda. This could help in monitoring the trends of deleterious variations and safeguarding the anticipated value for money in such building projects. Pertinent literature was reviewed coupled with structured questionnaire administered to 183 professionals in Tanzania to elicit relevant information with regard to causes of detrimental variations. Nevertheless, 143 responses were received constituting 78 percent response rate. Relatively, the study in Uganda used structured questionnaire administered to 54 professionals with 34 responses constituting 65.4 percent response rate. Statistical analysis such as frequencies, coefficient of variations (COV), Cronbach’s alpha reliability test and t-test were used to analyse and syntheses data collected from questionnaires. Subsequently, the causes of detrimental variation variables were ranked according to their importance and occurrence. The agreement among respondents in rating and ranking the factors of detrimental variations was found to be significant. Findings suggest the top five highly ranked factors of detrimental variations in both countries as change of plan or scope by client, design discrepancies by consultant, lack of judgement and experience by contractor, weather conditions and change in economic conditions. These factors significantly contribute detrimental effects to construction projects performance, thus jeopardizing the integrity of the construction industry. The study findings should help policy makers, construction practitioners, researchers and academicians to improve construction performance. Keywords: Causes, Detrimental, Public building projects, Tanzania, Uganda, Variations
Influence of sampling gear in assessment of reproductive parameters for bluefin tuna in the western Mediterranean

Comparative histological and stereological analysis of gonads from longline- and purse seine-caught Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus was undertaken to assess the reproductive potential of the population in the western Mediterranean breeding area. Bluefin tuna sampled by purse seine clearly had higher gonadosomatic index values (GSI) than those caught by longline. While no remarkable histological differences were found between purse seine- and longline-caught males, the ovarian histology indicated a higher level of maturity in females from purse-seine samples, where most specimens were found to be in active spawning (AS). Within the longline sample the pro- portion of active spawning females was considerably higher at the end of the fishing season (mid- June to mid-July) than earlier in May to mid-June (52.8 vs. 24%). Stereological analyses revealed that the samples collected by the 2 sampling gears differed primarily in the numbers of migratory- nucleus oocytes, which were overwhelmingly more abundant in purse-seine catches, with average relative fecundity: 59 oocytes g -1 vs. 1.2 oocytes g -1 (purse-seine vs. longline). The frequency of ovaries with postovulatory follicles (POFs) in purse seine-caught bluefin tuna was 83.7%, equivalent to a spawning interval of 1.2 d; in contrast, only 32.6% of the females in longline catches had POFs, representing a spawning interval of 3.1 d. Assuming an average individual duration of the spawning process of 14 d, and considering the estimates of fecundity and spawning interval obtained from purse-seine samples, the average annual fecundity of bluefin tuna in the Balearic spawning ground would be approximately 77 × 10 6 eggs (relative fecundity of 702 eggs g -1 BW (body weight)).
Effect of monosodium glutamate and aspartame on behavioral and biochemical parameters of male albino mice

The present study aimed to investigate the individual and combined effect of mono-sodium glutamate (MSG) and aspartame (ASM) on biochemical, blood parameters and neuro-behavioral aspects of mice. The results indicated that exposure induced many changes in fear and anxiety behavior. The non-social and social behavior of the exposed mice was significantly affected, showing an increase in the former and a decrease in the later stages, respectively. The elements of social behavior including attack, numbers of fights and bites, naso-nasal and naso-genital contacts were decreased significantly. The latencies to threat and attack and first bite were increased significantly. Locomotor activity and neuromuscular coordination (grip strength) were decreased in treated animals as compared to the control group. There was a significant decrease in the red blood cell count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count platelets count and testosterone hormone in the treated males. The activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme decreased as compared to the control. In conclusion, the current study indicated that exposure to food additives MSA and ASM was dangerous to mice in relation to behavior and biochemical analysis. In addition, these food additives need more scientific researches to investigate their effect on other parameters. Key words : Mono-sodium glutamate, mono-sodium aspartame, fear and anxiety, locomotory behavior, grip strength, acetylcholinesterase.
The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, competitive advantage and business performance among small businesses in Durban

Small businesses form the backbone of any nation’s economy, especially where unemployment is extremely high. South Africa is one of the many countries that struggle with low economic growth resulting in low employment. This study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, business performance and competitive advantage. South Africa’s small business sector is under pressure as evidence exists that the failure rate is well above 70 percent, and to an extent, up to 90 percent depending on various conditions. This study was conducted in Durban, South Africa. The study sought to answer the two questions namely: a) Is there a significant relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance? and b) Is there a mediating role of competitive advantage in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance? These questions were targeted to small business owners or managers in Durban, South Africa. Therefore, 177 participants responded, and both questions were tested and yielded positive results. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire consisting of 24 items. Indeed, the finding was that there is a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance, and that competitive advantage does mediate the relationship between business performance and entrepreneurial orientation. Finally, many studies examined in this study support the findings of this research pointing out that a strong positive relationship exists between business performance and entrepreneurial orientation. Similarly, there seems to be an agreement that there is some relationship between competitive advantage, entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. However, the literature reviewed did not clarify if competitive advantage does actually mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance whilst this study found that mediation does exist between the entrepreneurial orientation and business performance link. Hence, small businesses need to learn more about this relationship so to take advantage of possible synergies that may arise from it. Further, both the government of South Africa and the private sector should keep supporting small businesses by making use of research studies like this one and many more which are based on theory and practice.
Analysis of prognostic factors affecting poor outcomes in 41 cases of Fournier gangrene

Purpose We present our experience involving the management of this disease, identifying prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. Methods The patients treated for Fournier gangrene at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included demographics, extent of soft tissue necrosis, predisposing factors, etiological factors, laboratory values, and treatment outcomes. The severity index and score were calculated. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association between potential predictors and clinical outcomes. Results A total of 41 patients (male:female = 33:8) were studied. The mean age was 54.4 years (range, 24–79 years). The most common predisposing factor was diabetes mellitus (n = 19, 46.3%). Sixteen patients (39.0%) were current smokers. Seven patients had chronic kidney disease. The most frequent etiology was urogenital lesion (41.5%). The mortality rate was 22.0% (n = 9). Multivariate regression analyses showed that extension of necrosis beyond perineal/inguinal area and pre-existing chronic kidney disease were significant and independent predictors of mortality. Extension of necrosis beyond perineal/inguinal area was a significant predictor of increased duration in the intensive care unit and hospital stay. In addition, pre-existing chronic kidney disease was a significant predictor of flap reconstruction in the wound. Conclusion Fournier gangrene with extensive soft tissue necrosis and pre-existing chronic kidney disease was associated with poor prognosis and complexity of patient management. Early recognition of dissemination and premorbid renal function is essential to reduce mortality and establish a management plan for this disease.
Singular perturbations on the infinite interval

where e is a small positive parameter arise frequently in applications. Here/and x ate teal /c-dimensional vectors with components/= (/i,••-,/*) and x = (x¡, •••,xL), respectively, and g and y ate teal /dimensional vectors with components g = (S¡r--,gj) and y = (y\,---,y¡), respectively. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of solutions of (PE) as e -+ 0 + for í0 ^ í < co. In studying the behavior of solutions of (F£) for small positive e it is convenient to make use of two systems which are associated with (Pe). The first associated system, called the degenerate system, is obtained by formally setting e = 0 in (Pe): This gives
Spatial mapping of the Hanle and Zeeman effects on the Sun

Spatial mapping of the Hanle and Zeeman eects on the Sun has been done for the rst time, through Stokes vector imaging with a narrow-band (0.2 A) universal lter. It is shown how the polarization signatures of the Hanle and Zeeman eects can be cleanly distinguished from each other by comparing the Stokes images recorded at dierent, specially selected wavelengths within the Na i D2{D1 line system. Examples of the polarization signatures of sunspots, faculae, the supergranulation network, and large-scale canopy elds are shown. The most striking result of our observations is that the scattering polarization has an extremely intermittent structure rather than being a simple function of limb distance. These intermittent scattering polarization signals are cospatial with the facular and supergranulation network seen both in intensity and circular polarization. The observed pattern can be explained in terms of magnetic enhancement of the scattering polarization in the network and/or Hanle depolarization of the scattering polarization outside the network. Since however no magnetic elds are seen in circular polarization outside the network, the relative absence of linear scattering polarization there may be explained by Hanle depolarization only if the volume lling, depolarizing magnetic eld has mixed polarities on a subarcsec scale that is not resolved.