Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In ovo feeding of carbohydrates for broilers—a systematic review

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence that the injection of carbohydrate-based solutions into embryonated eggs improves broiler performance. A literature search was conducted in April 2017 using the keywords broiler, carbohydrate, in ovo, nutrition and poultry. Only papers that involved in ovo carbohydrate injections in poultry were used in this study. After specific selection criteria, 17 papers were selected. The quality scoring system of the selected studies was based on the injection methodology, use of control groups, type of solution injected, period of injection, egg and hens characteristics, number of variables analysed and the statistical design. Among papers, there was no standardised procedure in to inoculate the solutions. Nevertheless, in general, in ovo feeding of carbohydrates decreases the hatch rate, improves the hatch weight, but it does not seem to influence the post-hatch performance of broilers. The inoculation of 75 mg of glucose in the albumen seems to bring better results. Further studies are needed to improve the technical methodology of in ovo injections for commercial use.
Children's medical fears, coping behaviour patterns and pain perceptions during a lumbar puncture

This study explored the relationships among medical fears, coping behaviour patterns and acute pain perceptions in 17 children with cancer who were encountering a painful medical procedure. The children completed the Child Medical Fear Scale (CMFS) before undergoing a lumbar puncture (LP), which was videotaped. The children's coping behaviour during the procedure was rated independently and classified as active or passive behaviour. Immediately following the LP, the children, using a pictorial scale, reported their pain perceptions. Most of the children's scores on the CMFS indicated a moderately low level of fear of medical experiences. A majority of the children perceived a great deal of pain during the LP. During the five phases of the painful medical procedure, more than half of the children exhibited a combination of active and passive behaviour. No significant differences were found between exhibited active or passive coping behaviour and reported medical fear levels; however, children who exhibited passive coping behaviour patterns reported more pain than those who demonstrated active coping behaviour. Implications for practice relate to the need for continual preparation and support of children during a painful procedure.
AVALIAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E DESENVOLVIMENTO PONDO ESTATURAL DE CRIANÇAS FALCÊMICAS NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

Objective: To evaluate the weight-height development and the nutritional status of a sickle cell anemia infantile sample in relation to zinc seric levels and to bone age in comparison to a control group of eutrophic children of the same Brazilian region. Methods: There were studied 66 sickle cell children (GE) and 50 eutrophic ones (GC). The nutritional status was assessed using Rohrer Index, Z-score analysis of weight/age, height/age and body mass index (BMI). Zinc seric level (SZn), growth velocity (VC) and bone age (IO) were assessed using the standards of the National Center for Health Statistic (NCHS) data and the results obtained from the GC evaluation. Results: Both groups had similar Rohrer Index. GE presented weight/age and height/age Z scores and BMI of underdevelopment levels with significant statistical difference. VC and IO were also lower in GE. The mean SZn in GE was significantly lower than in GC. Conclusion: The studied sickle cell children were born with normal stature, after that an important decrease in weight-height development occurred, which may be related to under-nourishing status, bone age delay, smaller growth velocity and worse zinc seric levels
microRNAs: small molecules with big roles –C. elegans to human cancer

miRNAs (microRNAs) were first discovered as critical regulators of developmental timing events in Caenorhabditis elegans. Subsequent studies have shown that miRNAs and cellular factors necessary for miRNA biogenesis are conserved in many organisms, suggesting the importance of miRNAs during developmental processes. Indeed, mutations in the miRNA‐processing pathway induce pleiotropic defects in development, which accompany perturbation of correct expression of target genes. However, control of gene expression in development is not the only function of miRNAs. Recent work has provided new insights into the role of miRNAs in various biological events, including aging and cancer. C. elegans continues to be helpful in facilitating a further understanding of miRNA function in human diseases.
Small regulatory non‐coding RNAs in bacteria: physiology and mechanistic aspects

Regulatory ncRNAs (non‐coding RNAs) adjust bacterial physiology in response to environmental cues. ncRNAs can base‐pair to mRNAs and change their translation efficiency and/or their stability, or they can bind to proteins and modulate their activity. ncRNAs have been discovered in several species throughout the bacterial kingdom. This review illustrates the diversity of physiological processes and molecular mechanisms where ncRNAs are key regulators.
Patterns and controls of the dynamics of net primary production by understory macroalgal assemblages in giant kelp forests

Macroalgae are important primary producers in many subtidal habitats, yet little information exists on the temporal and spatial dynamics of net primary production (NPP) by entire subtidal assemblages. This knowledge gap reflects the logistical challenges in measuring NPP of diverse macroalgal assemblages in shallow marine habitats. Here, we couple a simple primary production model with nondestructive estimates of taxon‐specific biomass on subtidal reefs off Santa Barbara, California to produce a 4‐year time series of net primary production by intact assemblages of understory macroalgae in giant kelp forests off Santa Barbara, California, USA. Daily bottom irradiance varied significantly throughout the year, and algal assemblages were on average exposed to saturating irradiance for only 1.3–4.5 h per day, depending on the time of year. Despite these variable light‐limiting conditions, biomass rather than irradiance explained the vast majority of variation observed in daily NPP at all times of the year. Measurements of peak biomass in spring and summer proved to be good predictors of NPP for the entire year, explaining as much as 76% of the observed variation. In contrast, bottom irradiance was a poor predictor of NPP, explaining <10% of the variation in NPP when analyzed seasonally and ~2% when evaluated annually. Our finding that annual NPP by macroalgal assemblages can be predicted from a single, nondestructive measurement of biomass should prove useful for developing time series data that are necessary to evaluate natural and anthropogenic changes in NPP by one of the world's most productive ecosystems.
Women's global health.

For decades, and through the 1980s, maternal health in the developing world remained virtually absent from the global public health agenda. Combating diseases, particularly those affecting infants and young children persisted to be the essential focus of maternal and child health (MCH) efforts, with little attention given to other aspects of maternal health. It was not until 1985, when Deborah Maine and I published a paper in Lancet with the sub-heading, ‘‘Where is the M in MCH? ’’ that the public health community paused to recognize that half a million women each year, or one every minute of every day, were dying due to avoidable complications from pregnancy and childbirth. Unfortunately, little has changed in the last few decades. Today, 500,000 women continue to die every year, mainly in resource-poor countries, from obstetrical complications. We now know that high-technology is not needed to stem this crisis. In rural areas of poor countries in Africa and South Asia, with few physicians and almost no obstetricians, training nonphysician medical
Teleconferencing as a Method of Educating Men About Managing Advanced Prostate Cancer and Pain

Abstract Although prostate cancer is prevalent among older men in the United States today, the problems associated with diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation have received scant attention in the psychosocial community. Controversy surrounding the efficacy of treatment, the reputed equivalency of treatment options, socially unacceptable side effects, and debilitating bone pain in advanced disease can be overwhelming for this group of patients. An innovative, cost-effective, interdisciplinary educational intervention was developed to address these issues and was delivered to 107 men using the teleconferencing method. The hour-long program consisted of three segments: 25 minutes of medical information provided by an urologist, 25 minutes of information about pain management and psychosocial issues provided by a social worker, and 10 minutes of questions and answers. A posttest was administered by telephone after the intervention, and patients were asked to complete a mailed satisfaction survey. The author.
Gene silencing in Fucus embryos: developmental consequences of RNAi‐mediated cytoskeletal disruption

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are an important algal class that play a range of key ecological roles. They are often important components of rocky shore communities. A number of members of the Fucales and Ectocarpales have provided models for the study of multicellular evolution, reproductive biology and polarized development. Indeed the fucoid algae exhibit the unusual feature of inducible embryo polarization, allowing many classical studies of polarity induction. The potential of further studies of brown algae in these important areas has been increasingly hindered by the absence of tools for manipulation of gene expression that would facilitate further mechanistic analysis and gene function studies at a molecular level. The aim of this study was to establish a method that would allow the analysis of gene function through RNAi‐mediated gene knockdown. We show that injection of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) corresponding to an α‐tubulin gene into Fucus serratus Linnaeus zygotes induces the loss of a large proportion of the microtubule cytoskeleton, leading to growth arrest and disruption of cell division. Injection of dsRNA targeting β‐actin led to reduced rhizoid growth, enlarged cells and the failure to develop apical hair cells. The silencing effect on actin expression was maintained for 3 months. These results indicate that the Fucus embryo possesses a functional RNA interference system that can be exploited to investigate gene function during embryogenesis.
Allelopathy in the tropical alga Lobophora variegata (Phaeophyceae): mechanistic basis for a phase shift on mesophotic coral reefs?

Macroalgal phase shifts on Caribbean reefs have been reported with increasing frequency, and recent reports of these changes on mesophotic coral reefs have raised questions regarding the mechanistic processes behind algal population expansions to deeper depths. The brown alga Lobophora variegata is a dominant species on many shallow and deep coral reefs of the Caribbean and Pacific, and it increased in percent cover (>50%) up to 61 m on Bahamian reefs following the invasion of the lionfish Pterois volitans. We examined the physiological and ecological constraints contributing to the spread of Lobophora on Bahamian reefs across a mesophotic depth gradient from 30 to 61 m, pre‐ and post‐lionfish invasion. Results indicate that there were no physiological limitations to the depth distribution of Lobophora within this range prior to the lionfish invasion. Herbivory by acanthurids and scarids in algal recruitment plots at mesophotic depths was higher prior to the lionfish invasion, and Lobophora chemical defenses were ineffective against an omnivorous fish species. In contrast, Lobophora exhibited significant allelopathic activity against the coral Montastraea cavernosa and the sponge Agelas clathrodes in laboratory assays. These data indicate that when lionfish predation on herbivorous fish released Lobophora from grazing pressure at depth, Lobophora expanded its benthic cover to a depth of 61 m, where it replaced the dominant coral and sponge species. Our results suggest that this chemically defended alga may out‐compete these species in situ, and that mesophotic reefs may be further impacted in the near future as Lobophora continues to expand to its compensation point.
Histone demethylases in chromatin cross‐talks

The ‘histone code’ hypothesis states that chromatin‐based regulation of nuclear processes such as transcription is brought about by the combination of distinct modifications (histone marks) at specific loci. Its correct establishment involves chromatin cross‐talks, ensuring an ordered and concerted deposition/removal of a particular set of modifications that act together to give the correct transcriptional outcome. Histone methylation on lysine residues can negatively or positively impact on gene transcription, depending on the residue and on its degree of methylation. Thanks to this complexity and given the number of chromatin ‘readers’ that can recognize methylated lysine residues, histone methylation plays a very special role in specifying the various chromatin states. The recent discovery of histone demethylases, which represent a large family of enzymes often containing histone modification binding modules, sheds new light on cross‐talk mechanisms involving methylated residues. In the present review, after a brief overview of the various families of histone demethylases, we describe the different mechanisms by which they participate in chromatin cross‐talks and how these mechanisms are integrated to achieve the mutual exclusion or the link between chromatin marks, leading to the establishment of the correct histone code.
Relación entre onicofagia y manifestaciones clínicas de trastornos temporomandibulares en dentición mixta primera y/o segunda fase: Una revisión narrativa

Estudios indican que mas del 50% de la poblacion ha padecido alguna vez manifestaciones clinicas relacionadas a trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM). La prevalencia de consultas odontologicas por dolor orofacial ha aumentado, y la edad de inicio de la sintomatologia es cada vez mas temprana. La etiologia de este cuadro es multifactorial, debida entre otros a habitos parafuncionales. La onicofagia es una parafuncion prevalente en ninos. Esta relacionada a la tension psiquica, por lo cual el sujeto puede presentar el habito parafuncional de manera continua o por periodos exacerbados por estres. Esto justifica su alta prevalencia en la sociedad actual. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue recopilar de manera clara y actualizada la informacion disponible y concluir si la literatura cientifica relaciona la onicofagia y las manifestaciones clinicas de TTM en ninos con denticion mixta, primera y/o segunda fase. Gracias a esto surgio la siguiente pregunta clinica: ? Relaciona la literatura cientifica actual, el mal habito de onicofagia con las manifestaciones clinicas de TTM en individuos con denticion mixta primera y/o segunda fase? En cuanto a la metodologia utilizada, se procedio al analisis acucioso de cada referencia, donde se analizo: La calidad de la informacion, la validez y su consecuente grado de recomendacion. Por ultimo, concluimos que para contestar nuestra pregunta clinica y analizar medidas de salud publica, es necesario realizar mas estudios sobre el tema. Para lograr generar un impacto a nivel poblacional, es necesario educar y crear consciencia a nivel social, y capacitar mas profesionales para tratar estas alteraciones tempranamente.
Nutritional stress effects under different nitrogen sources on the genes in microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis and the assistance of Alteromonas macleodii in releasing the stress of amino acid deficiency

The expressions of nine nitrogen assimilation‐associated genes, NRT2, NAR1, NIA2, NIR, GLN2, GLSF, GSN1, GDH, and AAT2, in the microalga Isochrysis zhangjiangensis were investigated to unveil the effects of limitations of various nitrogen sources (NaNO3, NH4Cl, NaNO2, and an amino acid mixture) on the microalgae. The results demonstrated that the NRT2, NAR1, GLN2, GSN1, and AAT2 genes were highly expressed in lipid‐rich microalgae under inorganic nitrogen‐deficient conditions and they decreased after nitrogen resupply. Significant increases in the expressions of NAR1, GLN2, and GLSF were found in nitrate‐depleted microalgae, whereas significant increases in the expressions of NRT2, NAR1, GLN2, and GSN1 were found in nitrite‐depleted microalgae. Significant increases in the expressions of only NRT2 and GSN1 were found in ammonium‐depleted microalgae (P < 0.05). Except for the NRT2, other genes were expressed at lower levels under amino acid‐deficient conditions compared with amino acid‐sufficient controls. The expression of the NIA2 gene decreased in nitrogen‐depleted microalgae regardless of the initial nitrogen source. However, the results of fatty acid analyses showed that the features of fatty acid profiles followed a similar mode, in which the percentage compositions of C16:0 and C18:1Δ9 increased in nitrogen‐depleted cells and that of C16:1Δ9, C18:3Δ9,12,15, C18:4Δ6,9,12,15, and C18:5Δ3,6,9,12,15 decreased, regardless of the type of nitrogen source applied. It was also found that the epiphytic bacterium Alteromonas macleodii played a particularly important role in releasing microalgae from the stress of amino acid deficiency. These findings also provide a foundation for regulating microalgal lipid production through manipulation of the nitrogen assimilation‐associated genes.
Paradoxical effects of temperature and solar irradiance on the photodegradation state of killed phytoplankton

The aim of this paper was to study the effects of temperature and irradiance on the photodegradation state of killed phytoplankton cells. For this purpose, killed cells of the diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis RCC2022 were irradiated (photosynthetically active radiation) at 36 and 446 J · s−1 · m−2 (for the same cumulative dose of irradiation energy) and at two temperatures (7°C and 17°C). Analyses of specific lipid tracers (fatty acids and sterols) revealed that low temperatures and irradiances increased photooxidative damages of monounsaturated lipids (i.e., palmitoleic acid, cholesterol and campesterol). The high efficiency of type II photosensitized degradation processes was attributed to: (i) the relative preservation of the sensitizer (chlorophyll) at low irradiances allowing a longer production of singlet oxygen and (ii) the slow diffusion rate of singlet oxygen through membranes at low temperatures inducing more damages. Conversely, high temperatures and irradiances induced (i) a rapid degradation of the photosensitizer and a loss of singlet oxygen by diffusion outside the membranes (limiting type II photosensitized oxidation), and (ii) intense autoxidation processes degrading unsaturated cell lipids and oxidation products used as photodegradation tracers. Our results may explain the paradoxical relationship observed in situ between latitude and photodegradation state of phytoplankton cells.
Photosynthetic activity and proteomic analysis highlights the utilization of atmospheric CO2 by Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta) for rapid growth

Free‐floating Ulva prolifera is one of the causative species of green tides. When green tides occur, massive mats of floating U. prolifera thalli accumulate rapidly in surface waters with daily growth rates as high as 56%. The upper thalli of the mats experience environmental changes such as the change in carbon source, high salinity, and desiccation. In this study, the photosynthetic performances of PSI and PSII in U. prolifera thalli exposed to different atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels were measured. Changes in photosynthesis within salinity treatments and dehydration under different CO2 concentrations were also analyzed. The results showed that PSII activity was enhanced as CO2 increased, suggesting that CO2 assimilation was enhanced and U. prolifera thalli can utilize CO2 in the atmosphere directly, even when under moderate stress. In addition, changes in the proteome of U. prolifera in response to salt stress were investigated. Stress‐tolerance proteins appeared to have an important role in the response to salinity stress, whereas the abundance of proteins related to metabolism showed no significant change under low salinity treatments. These findings may be one of the main reasons for the extremely high growth rate of free‐floating U. prolifera when green tides occur.
Case study on the orientation of phaco hand pieces during steam sterilization processes

Case study on the orientation of phaco hand pieces during steam sterilization processes J.P.C.M. van Doornmalen Gomez Hoyos *, R.A. C. van Wezel , H.W. J.M. van Doornmalen d a Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands b 3M Deutschland GmbH, Infection Prevention Division, Europe, Middle East & Africa, Neuss, Germany Department of Clinical Pharmacy Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Causa BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Neurological Reorganization After Brain Injury: Stimulation by Robotic Therapy

Abstract Research involving cortical reorganization has shown that the brain compensates for injury by reorganizing itself far more extensively than previously thought possible. These recent discoveries have used histopathology, microelectrode stimulation of cortical regions, elimination of afferent signals, and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain neuroplasticity. Basic science discoveries have encouraged the development of new therapy methods for neurologically injured people. It was found that engaging neuroplastic mechanisms is facilitated by intense, focused physical therapy. To provide efficient use of therapist time during time-consuming task training sessions, several device-oriented approaches have been explored to facilitate improvement in movement capability among patients after stroke or other neurological injury. Several devices are described that encourage patients with neurological damage and challenge patients to improve their function by repetitively performing increasingly more difficult tasks. As histopathological staining and imaging methods improve and neuroplasticity mechanisms are better understood, new therapies will be developed. (The J Histotechnol 30:229, 2007) Submitted September 9, 2007; accepted with modifications October 8, 2007
Surgery for fracture of the calcaneus: 5 (2–8) year follow-up of 20 cases

20 displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Results were evaluated according to a standardized protocol. With an average follow-up of 5 (2–8) years, results were excellent or good in 15 cases and fair or poor in 5 cases. An accurate radiographic study and CT scanning are essential for understanding these fractures. We feel that restoring calcaneal shape as anatomic as possible, getting an appropriate reduction of the posterior joint surface by a surgical procedure with early mobilization, and delayed weight bearing would be a good option in treatment of these fractures.
Hepatic Cat Scratch Disease: Case Report and Review of the Differential Diagnosis of Necrotizing Granulomatous Inflammation in the Liver

Cat scratch disease (CSD) was initially described in 1931, but the etiologic agent (Bartonella henselae) was not elucidated until decades later. Hepatic CSD is an atypical presentation that lacks the characteristic of superficial lymphadenopathy and inoculation site papule, and may be initially misdiagnosed as another infectious process or neoplasm. The hallmark histologic lesion is a necrotizing granuloma with distinct zonation and a central stellate microabscess. This review presents a case of hepatic CSD, and discusses the history and epidemiology of CSD, pathologic features, current diagnostic modalities, and a detailed differential diagnosis that focuses on the different morphologic patterns of hepatic granulomas, particularly in infectious diseases.