Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ERR Gamma: Does an Orphan Nuclear Receptor Link Steroid Hormone Biogenesis to Endocrine Resistance?

Abstract : Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR gamma) is an orphan nuclear receptor with structural similarities to ER alpha and ER beta (1). In addition to its ability to transactivate classical and imperfect estrogen response elements (EREs) ERR gamma is a potent activator of transcription from steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) response elements (SF-1REs). Many genes regulated by SF-1REs control key aspects of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis important not only for generation of the plasma membrane but also for the synthesis of steroid hormones (2). In this study we have investigated whether ERRy expression andlor activity regulates the level of cholesterol in a pair of breast cancer cell lines - one sensitive to endocrine therapy (SUM44) and the other resistant to endocrine therapy (LCCTam TAM). We found that endocrine-resistant LCCTam (TAM) cells which overexpress the orphan nuclear receptor ERR gamma contain significantly greater levels of cholesterol than endocrine-sensitive parental SUM44 breast cancer cells and that siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERRy in the resistant TAM cell line significantly reduces cholesterol content. SF-1RE activity is 34old higher in TAM cells as compared to SUM44 cells while expression of an endogenous gene (HMGCS2) that contains a consensus SF-1RE is also significantly overexpressed in TAM cells relative to SUM44 cells. Together these findings represent an important enhancement in our knowledge of breast cancer biology and potential therapeutic response.
Sharing of caring: nestling provisioning behaviour of long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus, parents and helpers

Abstract The optimal investment strategies of parents in biparental systems are well studied. This contrasts with a poor theoretical and empirical understanding of variation in individual investment in breeding systems with multiple carers. We used the cooperative breeding system of long-tailed tits, to investigate how parents and helpers adjust their rate of nestling provisioning in relation to measures of nestling demand and the number of helpers. Our aim was to examine whether parents and helpers follow the same provisioning rules. Overall provisioning rates were higher for parents than for helpers. However, both parents and helpers increased their provisioning rates as nestlings aged and provisioned at higher rates early in the day. Parents brought more food to larger broods when not helped, but at nests with helpers, neither parents nor helpers had significantly higher provisioning rates at larger broods. However the total provisioning rate was higher at larger broods at both nests with and without helpers. Parents reduced their work rate in response to the arrival of a helper, but neither parents nor first helpers reduced their work rates further with arrival of additional helpers. Variation in provisioning rates between parents and helpers may be the result of different cost–benefit relations, and a theoretical framework is needed within which to explore the consequences of such differences. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
La diversidad en la infancia: una mirada expedicionaria en la escuela

El articulo presenta avances en la conceptualizacion de la vulnerabilidad educativa al ser caracterizada en el espacio escolar desde tres manifestaciones especificas: vulnerabilidad academica, en la convivencia y en la condicion de ninez. Asi mismo, expone como los proyectos de vida se constituyen en factor protector ante la vulnerabilidad educativa y como la respuesta pedagogica de la escuela, para disminuir los diferentes factores de riesgo presentes en el contexto no solo escolar, sino familiar y barrial. El proceso se aborda desde un enfoque cualitativo, en el que la etnografia y la investigacion accion, son la posibilidad para explorar el entorno escolar· y asi hacer emerger en las narrativas de los ninos, ninas, padres, madres de familia y docentes frente a la vulnerabilidad educativa la posibilidad polifonica de la diversidad.
©eÊerna bolest i ateroskleroza Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis

Patogenetski se πeÊerna bolest dijeli u dvije osnovne skupine: primarnu i sekundarnu. U primarnoj πeÊernoj bolesti druga bolest nije jasno manifestna, dok kod sekundarne πeÊerne bolesti postoje uz πeÊernu bolest i jasna druga stanja koja uzrokuju ili omoguÊavaju nastanak πeÊerne bolesti. Primarna se πeÊerna bolest prema toj klasifikaciji dijeli na autoimunosni (tip 1) dijabetes melitus i neautoimunosni (tip 2) dijabetes melitus. Autoimunosno razaranje ß-stanica Langerhansovih otoËiÊa u tipu 1 πeÊerne bolesti nastaje u osoba s naglaπenom sklonoπÊu. U tipu 2 πeÊerne bolesti, s izraæenijom nasljednom komponentom, glavna su obiljeæja poremeÊaji luËenja inzulina i rezistencije perifernih tkiva na inzulinski uËinak. Autoimunosni se tip 1 dijeli na prolazno ©eÊerna bolest
Climatic variable selection using random forests regression for malaria transmission modelling in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

vii Chapter 1 . INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Aim and Objectives of the study . 2 1.2.1 Aim . 2 1.2.2 Objectives . 2 1.3 Limitations of the study . 2 1.4 Structure of the thesis . 3 Chapter 2 . LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.1 BIOLOGY OF MALARIA . 4 2.1.1 Vector Biology . 4 2.1.2 Parasite Biology . 6 2.1.3 Symptoms and effects of Malaria . 7 2.2 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MALARIA . 8 2.3 MALARIA CONTROL AND TREATMENT . 9 2.3. 1 Vector Control . 9 2.4 MALARIA TRANSMISSION . 16 2.4. 1 Intrinsic factors of malaria transmission . 18 2.4. 2 Extrinsic factors of malaria transmission . 18 2.5 CLIMATIC RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA . 19 2.5. 1 Temperature . 19 2.5. 2 Rainfall . 20 2.5. 3 Land use and land cover . 21 2.5. 4 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). 22 2.5. 5 Topography . 22 2.5. 6 Humidity . 23 2.5. 7 Climate change . 23 2.6 APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS, REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL STATISTICS IN MALARIA STUDIES . 24 2.6. 1 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) . 25 2.6. 2 Remote Sensing (RS) . 26
Basic Concepts for Simple and Complex Liquids

1. An introduction to liquid matter Part I. Thermodynamics, Structure and Fluctuations: 2. A reminder of thermodynamics 3. Equilibrium fluctuations Part II. Phase Transitions: 4. Mean field approaches 5. Critical fluctuations and scaling Part III. Interfaces and Inhomogeneous Fluids: 6. Macroscopic description of interfaces 7. The density functional approach 8. Curvature and fluctuations Part IV. Dynamics: 9. Phenomenological description of transport processes 10. Brownian motion, diffusion and the Langevin equation 11. Response and correlation functions 12. Slow relaxations.
Late Reverberation Suppression Using Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory

Human speech is usually distorted by room reverberation. These corruptions degrade speech quality and intelligibility, especially under a long reverberation time, and they also pose a serious problem for many speech-related applications such as automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we propose a supervised speech dereverberation algorithm that models late reverberation using a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM). By taking advantage of LSTM's ability to capture a long history, late reverberation can be effectively removed by the proposed approach. Systematic evaluations indicate that our approach improves the quality of reverberant speech in a wide range of reverberant conditions. Moreover, the proposed system is a causal system, which can be applied in real-time applications.
Thermographic Determination of Body Temperatures in Honey Bees and Hornets: Calibration and Applications

This study presents calibrations allowing absolute thermographic temperature measurements in honey bees and hornets. The band emissivity ( 3.5-5.6 µm) of a heated ~ honey bee thorax (mesosoma) is limited to a range of 0.955-0.990. The development of thoracic heat production was investigated in young honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica). Five-hour-old bees did not actively produce heat in their thoraces, whereas l- and 2-day-old bees did. We made continuous thermograpbic temperature recordings of adult honey bees during stops at a nearby feeding bowl containing 1- sucrose solution. At ambient M temperatures of 23.8-26.2C, thoracic surface temperatures were increased up to 45C, with mean values of 41.4C (41.1 43.7C) after landing and 43.5C before – taking off. initially difficult because of the low heat capacity of deg for the honey-bee thorax). Only the use of very fine thermocouples (wire diameter 50 µm or less) led 瑯 牥汩慢汥 扯摹 瑥浰敲慴畲e 牥捯牤楮杳. 䡯睥癥爬 7
PRIMARY PULMONARY LYMPHOMA; A RARE CASE PRİMER

Lymphoproliferative diseases that affect the lung emerges in a broad clinical and pathologic spectrum. Although malignant lymphomas are usually seen primarily nodal origin, they can be seen in the extranodal localization. Lymphomas, starting in lungs primarily, are rare. Fifty three year-old female patient with ten-month persistent cough, sputum, complaints of shortness of breath was admitted to the clinic. Cystic lung diseases were thought in clinical and radiographic evaluations. Thoracotomy was performed. A cystic lesion was seen in the middle lobe. The lesion was sent for frozen section examination. Middle lobectomy was performed since frozen section examination was reported as malignancy for suspected material. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnoses of lymphoma. Clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis are difficult in Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL). Treatment is primarily surgical. In our study, it is highlighted that PPL is seen rarely and is similar to benign cystic lung disease and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of PPL. ÖZET
EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY TEACHING BY STUDENTSâ€™ FEEDBACK

The evaluation of the learning experience and the effective use of student feedback can benefit all those with a stake in high quality teaching and learning: students, teaching staff, department and college. Feedback in medical teaching is an important part of medical education. This study was conducted with an aim to improve teaching in physiology practicals by taking student feedback at Department of Physiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar. Methods: All the second semester medical students of batch 2014 (males: 73 and females: 137) were given a pre-validated questionnaire which enclosed 10 questions (to be responded on a 5 point Likert scale) with reference to syllabus and teaching. It also had 3 open ended questions about strengths and weaknesses of laboratory teaching. Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed as percentage. Results: 120 females and 63 males returned the filled questionnaire. Majority of students found teaching and learning in the physiology laboratory motivating and of assistance for next semesters. They were happy as performing practicals helped in clearing concepts, developing clinical skills, better understanding of theoretical topics, broadening the range of thinking. They were unhappy about outdated apparatus, long demonstrations, less number of equipments, writing of practical files, not performing animal experiments and less number of practicals. The results were presented at Departmental meeting and remedial measures were initiated.
Feeding of ribbon seals (Phoca fasciata) in the Bering Sea in spring

Digestive tracts of 61 ribbon seals (Phoca fasciata) collected in the seasonal pack ice of the Bering Sea during March to June 1976–1979 were examined. Very little fresh food was found in stomachs; however, hard parts of prey, particularly fish otoliths, were found in stomachs and (or) intestines of 28 seals. Based on counts of otoliths, the main prey were pollock in south-central and central Bering Sea, and arctic cod in northern Bering Sea. Weights and lengths of fishes consumed by seals were estimated from measurements of otoliths. On the basis of estimated whole weight of prey consumed, eelpout were a major food of these seals in south-central and central Bering Sea. Comparison of the species composition of fishes caught in trawls and eaten by seals suggests that seals in central and northern Bering Sea select for pollock and arctic cod, and against sculpins and capelin. In contrast, in south-central Bering Sea pollock was the most abundant fish in both seals and trawls. Seals were nonselective with r.
Node Features Adjusted Stochastic Block Model

Abstract Stochastic block model (SBM) and its variants are popular models used in community detection for network data. In this article, we propose a feature-adjusted stochastic block model (FASBM) to capture the impact of node features on the network links as well as to detect the residual community structure beyond that explained by the node features. The proposed model can accommodate multiple node features and estimate the form of feature impacts from the data. Moreover, unlike many existing algorithms that are limited to binary-valued interactions, the proposed FASBM model and inference approaches are easily applied to relational data that generate from any exponential family distribution. We illustrate the methods on simulated networks and on two real-world networks: a brain network and an US air-transportation network.
GEOMICROBIOLOGY IN CAVE ENVIRONMENTS: PAST, CURRENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

The Karst Waters Institute Breakthroughs in Karst Geomicrobiology and Redox Geochemistry conference in 1994 was a watershed event in the history of cave geomicrobiology studies within the US. Since that time, studies of cave geomicrobiology have accelerated in number, complexity of techniques used, and depth of the results obtained. The field has moved from being sparse and largely descriptive in nature, to rich in experimental studies yielding fresh insights into the nature of microbe-mineral interactions in caves. To provide insight into the changing nature of cave geomicrobiology we have divided our review into research occurring before and after the Breakthroughs conference, and concentrated on secondary cave deposits: sulfur (sulfidic systems), iron and manganese (ferromanganese, a.k.a. corrosion residue deposits), nitrate (a.k.a. saltpeter), and carbonate compounds (speleothems and moonmilk deposits). The debate concerning the origin of saltpeter remains unresolved; progress has been made on identifying the roles of bacteria in sulfur cave ecosystems, including cavern enlargement through biogenic sulfuric acid; new evidence provides a model for the action of bacteria in forming some moonmilk deposits; combined geochemical and molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that some ferromanganese deposits are biogenic, the result of redox reactions; and evidence is accumulating that points to an active role for microorganisms in carbonate precipitation in speleothems.
TEACHING AND LEARNING THE NATURE OF SCIENCE IN INQUIRY-ORIENTED COLLEGE SCIENCE COURSES

The authors are engaged in a long-term study of the instructional practices and student outcomes in a mature inquiry-oriented undergraduate science program. The research reported here began with an assessment of science faculty members' implicit theories of inquiry-oriented teaching and learning. Their practices were assessed through classroom observation and analyses of outof-class assignments. Inquiry-related student outcomes were assessed through a questionnaire that required open-ended responses to simple scientific research scenarios and an interview that probed epistemological views. Both instruments were administered at the beginning and the end of introductory, inquiry-oriented courses in a range of fields. Comparison data was collected from beginning students who were not enrolled in science courses and from several more traditional introductory courses. Current results suggest that students in inquiry-oriented courses showed greater gains in scientific reasoning skills and epistemology than students in the comparison groups. Stillings, Ramirez, & Wenk 4 5/20/07
Heteroclinic orbits for a class of hamiltonian systems on riemannian manifolds

Let $\mathcal M$ be a smooth Riemannian manifold with the metric $(g_{ij})$ of dimension $n$, and let $H= 1/2 g^{ij}(q)p_ip_j+V(t,q)$ be a smooth Hamiltonian on $\mathcal M$, where $(g^{ij})$ is the inverse matrix of $(g_{ij})$. Under suitable assumptions we prove the existence of heteroclinic orbits of the induced Hamiltonian systems.
Generation of Patient Specific Stem Cells: A Human Model System

In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka and colleagues reported that only four transcription factors were needed to reprogram mouse fibroblasts back in development into cells similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These reprogrammed cells were called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The year after, iPSCs were successfully produced from human fibroblasts and in 2008 reprogramming cells were chosen as the breakthrough of the year by Science magazine. In particular, this was due to the establishment of patient-specific cell lines from patients with various diseases using the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technique. IPSCs can be patient specific and therefore may prove useful in several applications, such as; screens for potential drugs, regenerative medicine, models for specific human diseases and in models for patient specific diseases. When using iPSCs in academics, drug development, and industry, it is important to determine whether the derived cells faithfully capture biological processes and relevant disease phenotypes. This chapter provides a summary of cell types of human origin that have been transformed into iPSCs and of different iPSC procedures that exist. Furthermore we discuss advantages and disadvantages of procedures, potential medical applications and implications that may arise in the iPSC field.
Veloutsou, C. and Ahmed, S.R. (2005) Perception of sex appeal in print advertising by young female Anglo-Saxon and second generation

The aim of this research, is to provide empirical data to either support or challenge the view that subculture has an impact on how sex appeal in advertising is perceived. It looks at young females of two specific British subcultural groups, Anglo-Saxon and Asian-Islamic British. It reveals that there are differences in the perception of sex appeal, since the Asian-Islamic British have a rather more negative attitude towards this particular appeal, while the Anglo-Saxon have a much more positive attitude towards it.
Architectural Control of Freeze‐Cast Ceramics Through Additives and Templating

The freezing of concentrated colloidal suspensions is a complex physical process involving a large number of parameters. These parameters provide unique tools to manipulate the architecture of freeze-cast materials at multiple length scales in a single processing step. However, we are still far from developing predictive models to describe the growth of ice crystals in concentrated particle slurries. In order to exert reliable control over the microstructural formation of freeze-cast materials, it is necessary to reach a deeper understanding of the basic relationships between the experimental conditions and the microstructure of the growing solid. In this work, we explore the role of several processing variables (e.g., composition of the suspension, freezing rate, and patterning of the freezing surface) that could affect the formulation strategies for the architectural manipulation of freeze-cast materials. We also demonstrate, using freeze-cast lamellar structures, that reducing the lamellar thickness by less than half increases the compressive strength by more than one order of magnitude.
Bond and site color-avoiding percolation in scale-free networks

Recently the problem of classes of vulnerable vertices (represented by colors) in complex networks has been discussed, where all vertices with the same vulnerability are prone to fail together. Utilizing redundant paths each avoiding one vulnerability (color), a robust color-avoiding connectivity is possible. However, many infrastructure networks show the problem of vulnerable classes of \textit{edges} instead of vertices. Here we formulate color-avoiding percolation for colored edges as well. Additionally, we allow for random failures of vertices or edges. The interplay of random failures and possible collective failures implies a rich phenomenology. A new form of critical behavior is found for networks with a power law degree distribution independent of the number of the colors, but still dependent on existence of the colors and therefore different from standard percolation. Our percolation framework fills a gap between different multilayer network percolation scenarios.
Slightly hydrogenated TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic performance

Hydrogenated TiO2 (H-TiO2) has triggered intense research interest in photocatalysis due to its substantially improved solar absorption and superior activity. However, the main factors that induce the enhanced photocatalytic performance of H-TiO2 are still under debate. In order to clarify this issue, the structural properties of H-TiO2, and their effects on photo-generated charges are comprehensively investigated in this study. H-TiO2 nanoparticles with different hydrogenation degrees are rapidly synthesized through H2 plasma treatment in several minutes; and their photocatalytic activities are evaluated by methylene blue (MB) degradation and CO2 reduction in aqueous and gaseous media, respectively. The slightly hydrogenated TiO2 (s-H-TiO2) nanoparticles with the original white color exhibit enhanced photoactivity compared with the pristine TiO2 (pristine-TiO2) nanoparticles especially for CO2 reduction; while the gray or black H-TiO2 nanoparticles with higher hydrogenation degrees (h-H-TiO2) display much worse catalytic performances. Further investigations reveal that the higher ratio of trapped holes (O− centers) and a lower recombination rate induced by the increase of surface defects might be the critical factors for the high activity of s-H-TiO2; in contrast, h-H-TiO2 nanoparticles possess high concentration of bulk defects, leading to a significantly decreased amount of O− centers and enhanced non-radiative recombination, which strongly inhibit their photoactivity. These results might provide new insights into the photoactivity of H-TiO2, and pave the way for further studies of other hydrogenated metal oxides for photocatalytic applications.
Influence of density fluctuations on the O–X mode conversion and on microwave propagation

Full-wave simulations are performed in order to investigate the interaction of plasma density per- turbations and microwaves. The perturbations are divided into two cases: A single blob-like structure and a fully turbulent density profile. The resulting scattering of a microwave beam and the effect on the O-X mode conversion are presented for both cases. Quantitative analyses are performed as a function of the average size and position of the perturbations. The usage of spatial coordinates normalized to the vacuum wavelength of the microwave allows to easily adopt the results to a specific problem.
Study of foundation tone after application to the skin (I)

従来メーキャップ製品を肌に塗布したときの色 (化粧肌色) は, 実際に塗布した後, 視感判定あるいは測色を行って始めて把握できるものとされてきた。 それに対して我々は, 化粧肌色の反射率をKubelka-Munkの理論を基に予測する方法を報告している。 しかしながら, 化粧肌色の反射率を予測するために必要なデータベース作りは容易ではない。 その上事例を重ねるに従って, 幾つかの問題が生じてきた。 そこで, 報告以後生じた問題の解決を目的とする塗布色予測方法・予測作業の見直しを行った。 更に事例として, 健常肌の化粧肌色だけでなく新たに青あざ (太田母斑), 赤あざ (血管腫) にファンデーションを塗布する場合についてもこの方法が適用できるか否かを調べた。 その結果, 塗布色予測方法・予測作業の見直しに関しては, ファンデーション塗膜の印刷が再現よくできる印刷機の新規開発, 固有反射率採取方法の変更, Saundersonの補正式で取り扱うK1, K2の設定値の大きさと予測値の関係が把握できるソフトと最新のレーザ膜厚計の導入という4つの改良を行うことで, 従来の問題点をクリアした。 また, 健常肌以外のあざの部分についても, 実際にメーキャップ製品を塗布することなく化粧肌色が推定できることが確認された。