Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The taxonomic significance of the growth response to Na+ by strains of Vibrio

Eighty regional Vibrio strains were studied for their growth responses at 13 Na+ concentrations. Using a chemically defined plating medium, together with a multipoint inoculation technique, approximately 45% of the strains showed a specific growth requirement for Na+. The remaining strains grew, with a lag period, on the basal medium that contained about 2 mM background Na+. Based on the growth responses to Na+, a numerical analysis was used to explore differences between the strains. A dendrogram was produced in which the strains were grouped into four major clusters. At an equivalent level of similarity the cluster composition was not significantly different from that shown in a second dendrogram that was based on standard tests recommended in the 9th edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The study showed that, over a range of concentrations, the growth response to Na+ was taxonomically significant for Vibrio strains.Key words: Vibrio, marine bacteria, Na+ requirement, growth response.
The peanut gynophore: a developmental and physiological perspective

The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) produces flowers aerially, but it is able to "sow" its own seeds as a result of the growth of a specialized organ called the gynophore. The peanut gynophore is sensitive to light, touch, and gravity, and it is capable of transporting the recently fertilized ovules into the soil. For gynophore growth to occur, many physiological changes in plant hormone accumulation and distribution take place throughout its development. The unique characteristics and physiological events occurring during the gynophore's growth and development, such as its growth rates and indole-3-acetic acid redistribution during gravistimulation, will be reviewed. The peanut gynophore illustrates that the study of the odd or unusual can often provide valuable answers about the typical.Key words: Arachis hypogaea, geocarpy, gravitropism, gynophore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), peanut.
ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN HUMAN AND BIRDS

Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} An epidemiological study on rotavirus infection using 315 stool specimens from hospitalized diarrhoeic human patients and 251 fecal specimens from diarrheic birds (broiler) wear examined by RNA polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and silver staining (PAGE-SS) technique. Rotavirus was detected in 35.28% (111/315) stool specimens. The highest rate of rotavirus infection in human was detected in the winter (45.94%), particularly in the month of December to January (44%-51%). The rotavirus diarrhea was found slightly higher in male (35.97%) than female (34.12%). Rotavirus was detected in 13.15% (33/251) birds' fecal specimens. The birds were affected by the rotavirus, showing only the long RNA electropherotype. The antigenic studies with reference to subgroups and serotypes specificity and its zoonotic potential needs to be studied further.
Spatial attributes, scale, and species traits determine caddisfly distributional responses to flooding

Abstract We compared densities of the caddisflies Ironoquia punctatissima (Walker) and Neophylax mitchelli (Carpenter) in microhabitats (cobbles, leaf litter, bedrock) nested within pool and run macrohabitats with different bedforms (stony [cobble-dominated] or flat bedrock) before and immediately after 4 floods in a north-central Ohio intermittent stream. Our goal was to identify which microhabitat and macrohabitat types acted as flow refugia. Ironoquia densities were highest on leaf litter in stony pools prior to floods. Flooding significantly lowered larval densities in stony and bedrock pools, where most leaf litter occurred, but not in runs. The most marked changes in pre- and postflood Ironoquia densities occurred in leaf litter, where densities decreased by ∼65 to 97% in 3 of 4 floods. In contrast, preflood densities of Neophylax were highest in bedrock runs and pools. However, floods significantly decreased Neophylax densities in these macrohabitats, suggesting bedrock macrohabitats provided larvae little shelter from high-flow forces. Measurement of cobble and leafpack tracer particles confirmed that hydraulic forces were highest in bedrock runs and that cobbles were far more stable than leaf packs in all macrohabitat types. Both species apparently face conflicting demands between residing in habitat patches that are food-rich but have poor flow refugia. Behavioral observations in a laboratory flume, where larvae were exposed to incrementally increased flows, revealed that Neophylax was more resistant than Ironoquia to dislodgment from cobbles and simulated bedrock, largely because of differences in body morphology and mass. These differences also partially explain why stony macrohabitats in the stream provided better flow refugia for Neophylax than for Ironoquia. Ironoquia, but not Neophylax, laid silk draglines, which helped prevent flow-induced dislodgment in low to moderate current speeds (≤0.4 m/s). Our study demonstrates how spatial attributes, scales, and species traits interact to determine or mediate flood effects on these caddisflies.
Brand Love

Using a grounded theory approach, the authors investigate the nature and consequences of brand love. Arguing that research on brand love needs to be built on an understanding of how consumers actually experience this phenomenon, they conduct two qualitative studies to uncover the different elements (“features”) of the consumer prototype of brand love. Then, they use structural equations modeling on survey data to explore how these elements can be modeled as both first-order and higher-order structural models. A higher-order model yields seven core elements: self–brand integration, passion-driven behaviors, positive emotional connection, long-term relationship, positive overall attitude valence, attitude certainty and confidence (strength), and anticipated separation distress. In addition to these seven core elements of brand love itself, the prototype includes quality beliefs as an antecedent of brand love and brand loyalty, word of mouth, and resistance to negative information as outcomes. Both the first-order and higher-order brand love models predict loyalty, word of mouth, and resistance better, and provide a greater understanding, than an overall summary measure of brand love. The authors conclude by presenting theoretical and managerial implications.
Environmental Approaches to Poultry Feed Formulation and Management

2 Abstract: Increasing environmental pressures on the poultry industry challenge the status quo of ecological stewardship. Faced with this critical oversight, nutritionists, poultry and soil scientists, and pollution specialists are creatively proposing bundled strategies dealing with various practices related to dietar y manipulation, poultry litter management and feed additive utilization to palliate the potential environmental impact of poultry production. Their implementation has proved beneficial to both, the poultry industry and the environment.
EFFICACY OF BIO-PESTICIDES AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC. CAUSING COLLAR ROT OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)

In this study the bio efficacy of ten botanicals and eight antagonists was tested through poison food technique and dual culture technique respectively against S. rolfsii causing collar rot of chickpea. Among the 10 botanicals tested, cent per cent mycelial inhibition was observed in aqueous extract of Agave at different concentrations, followed by Henna leaves with 34.4, 71.3 and 90% at 5, 10 and 15 per cent concentration respectively and least mycelial inhibition was observed in Tridax leaves extract (5.5%) and Pongamia (7.1%). Among the eight bioagents tested against S. rolfsii, Trichoderma harzianum-55 IIHR recorded maximum inhibition of 70% followed by T. harzianum NBAII with 63% and least mycelial inhibition was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. Chickpea is one of important pulse crop which is infected with collar rot botanicals and bioagents can be used in IDM practice for management of this disease.
Relationship of seasonal changes in endogenous plant hormones and alternate bearing of olive trees

Changes in hormone concentrations in leaf, node, shoot tip, and fruit samples of three Turkish olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars ('Gemlik', 'Memecik', and 'Tavsan Yuregi') were monitored at monthly intervals over two successive years of the alternate- bearing cycle. Concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid-like substances (GA), and kinetin-like cytokinin were determined and their relation- ship to fl ower bud formation were examined during "on" and "off" years. Results showed signifi cant differences in IAA, ABA, GA3-like, and kinetin-like cytokinins between "on" and "off" cropping years in various tissues of olive trees. Relative balances between GA3-like and ABA concentrations of tissues appears to exhibit evidence of being a key regulator of fl oral development and alternate bearing. Olive is native to the Mediterranean basin, where about 97% of the world's olive crop is produced. Although olive trees are well adapted to the region, alternate bearing is one of the major cultural problems and economic drawbacks. Alternate bearing causes severe economic losses in many of the important olive cultivars. Typical yield loss in commercial plantings in the "off" year is nearly 50%. In the case of Turkey, "on" year production aver- ages about 1.8 million tons while "off" year production only reaches 0.9 to 1.0 million tons (Agricultural Structure and Production, 1989). Cultural and environmental factors, such as pruning, drought, inadequate chilling, and light intensity, may infl uence fl ower bud formation and contribute to alternate bearing (Hartmann, 1953; Lavee, 1985). Endogenous phytohormones are key factors controlling alternate-bearing physiology. Hartmann et al. (1967) measured both endogenous inhibi- tors and promoters in olive leaves and buds. Lavee (1985) found more chlorogenic acid in bearing than in nonbearing olive trees. The as- sumption that chlorogenic acid induced fl ower bud formation was not supported when ap- plication of chlorogenic acid decreased yield. Hartmann et al. (1967) found no difference in auxin concentrations of differentiating and nondifferentiating olive buds, while Epstein (1981) showed considerably higher levels of bound IAA in leaves of nondifferentiated plants. Gibberellins strongly inhibit fl ower- ing, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood (Palese et al., 2002). Alternate bearing in olives results in fewer fl oral buds being produced in the "on" year trees carrying a heavy crop load than in subsequent "off" year with trees carrying a light fruit load. The present study reports the pattern of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid-like substances (GA3), indole acetic acid (IAA), and kinetin-like cytokinins in the tissues of alternate-bearing olive trees.
Starch metabolism mutants in barley: A TILLING approach

In this study, the targetting-induced local lesions in genomes approach was used to identify mutants for genes related to starch metabolism in barley. Starch is the major reserve of plants and serves as primary carbohydrate component in human and livestock diets and has also numerous industrial applications. Mutants for biosynthetic or regulatory genes of starch metabolism often produce starch granules with abnormal morphological and molecular features that could be of interest for technological applications. We report the identification of 29 mutations in five starch-related barley genes (Bmy1, GBSSI, LDA1, SSI and SSII) through the molecular screening of TILLMore, a sodium azide-mutagenized population. Almost all the mutations detected were CG–TA transitions and several (c. 60%) implied a change in amino-acid sequence and therefore possible phenotypic effects. Four mutants showed non-sense or splice-junction alterations, which could drastically affect the protein function.
Protection against oxygen radicals: an important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants

Free radicals and other active derivatives of oxygen are inevitable by-products of biological redox reactions. Reduced oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide radical anion and hydroxyl radicals, inactivate enzymes and damage important cellular components. In addition, singlet oxygen, produced via formation of triplet state chlorophyll, is highly destructive. This oxygen species initiates lipid peroxidation, and produces lipid peroxy radicals and lipid hydroperoxides that are also very reactive. The increased production of toxic oxygen derivatives is considered to be a universal or common feature of stress conditions. Plants and other organisms have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to contend with this problem. The antioxidant defence system of the plant comprises a variety of antioxidant molecules and enzymes. Considerable interest has been focused on the ascorbate-glutathione cycle because it has a central role in protecting the chloroplasts and other cellular compartments from oxidative damage. It is clear that the capacity and activity of the antioxidative defence systems are important in limiting photo-oxidative damage and in destroying active oxygen species that are produced in excess of those normally required for signal transduction or metabolism. In our studies on this system, we became aware that the answers to many unresolved questions concerning the nature and regulation of the antioxidative defence system could not be obtained easily by either a purely physiological or purely biochemical approach. Transgenic plants offered us a means by which to achieve a more complete understanding of the roles of the enzymes involved in protection against stress of many types: environmental and man-made. The ability to engineer plants which express introduced genes at high levels provides an opportunity to manipulate the levels of these enzymes, and hence metabolism in vivo. Studies on transformed plants expressing increased activities of single enzymes of the antioxidative defence system indicate that it is possible to confer a degree of tolerence to stress by this means. However, attempts to increase stress resistance by simply increasing the activity of one of the antioxidant enzymes have not always been successful presumably because of the need for a balanced interaction of protective enzymes. The study of these transformed plants has allowed a more complete understanding of the roles of individual enzymes in metabolism. Protection against oxidative stress has become a feasible objective through the application of molecular genetic techniques in conjunction with a biochemical and physiological approach.
Raising potential yield of short-duration rice cultivars is possible by increasing harvest index.

Augmenter le potentiel de rendement de varietes de riz de cycle court est possible par l’augmentation de l'indice de recolteDescription du sujet. Des augmentations du potentiel du rendement de riz sont generalement associees a une plus grande assimilation de la biomasse. Objectifs. L’objectif de cette etude etait d'identifier les caracteristiques physiologiques d’un cultivar de riz de cycle court Guiliangyou 2 recemment developpe par l’Academie des Sciences Agricoles de Guangxi en Chine qui sont essentielles pour l’obtention d’un rendement eleve.Methode. Le cultivar Guiliangyou 2 (GLY2) et un cultivar Yuxiangyouzhan (YXYZ) ont ete cultives en champ a la ferme experimentale de l'Universite de Guangxi, province du Guangxi, au sud de la Chine au cours des saisons rizicoles precoces et tardives en 2013. Le rendement en grains, les composantes du rendement, les caracteristiques des plantes, y compris l'indice de surface foliaire (LAI), le contenu de la feuille en N (LNC), la duree de surface foliaire (LAD), le taux d'assimilation (NAR), l'accumulation de la biomasse et l'indice de recolte ont ete determines pour chaque cultivar au cours de chaque saison.Resultats. Le cultivar GLY2 montre un rendement en grains de 17 a 38 % superieur a celui du cultivar YXYZ avec la meme duree de croissance. Le nombre d’epillets par m2 et le poids des grains etaient plus eleves respectivement de 11 a 13 % et de 6 a 17 % pour GLY2. GLY2 avait un LAI et un LAD superieurs mais un NAR et LNC inferieurs a YXYZ. La compensation entre les caracteristiques des plantes s’est traduite par l’absence de difference significative de l'accumulation de la biomasse entre les deux cultivars. L’indice de recolte de GLY2 etait de 13 a 23 % superieur a celui de YXYZ. La grande taille des organes de stockage, la haute remobilisation des reserves stockees et la production de biomasse maintenue apres l'epiaison sont responsables de l’indice de recolte eleve obtenu pour GLY2. Conclusions. Notre etude suggere qu'il est possible d'augmenter l’indice de recolte ainsi que le rendement en grains par l'amelioration de la taille potentielle des organes de stockage et la remobilisation des reserves stockees tout en maintenant un LAI et un LAD eleves pour le riz de cycle court.
COVID-19’s Uncomfortable Revelations About Agile and Sustainable Organizations in a VUCA World

Organizations confronting the realities of a COVID-19 world find themselves managing challenging and unprecedented demands: redeploying talent, establishing remote workforces, building needed capabilities, propping up distressed supply chains, contributing to humanitarian efforts, choosing among firing/furloughing/ retaining employees, and planning for reopening amid uncertainty. In this context, the crisis has revealed three implications for research and practice on agile and sustainable organizations in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments. First, how to characterize the COVID virus and our response to it is unclear; what is clear is that we were unprepared. Second, despite the rhetoric, too many organizations did not have the capabilities to respond. Saying you are agile does not make it so. Third, the COVID-19 pandemic reveals our community’s silence on structural inequality (e.g., financial, social, and racial). We enabled unethical positions from the safety of our positivistic and supposedly neutral values. As reference, we define organization agility as the capability to make timely, effective, and sustained change when it results in a performance advantage (Worley et al., 2014). Sustainable organizations expand the term “performance” to address the optimization of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) outcomes as well as financial results. Since the relative emphasis on these outcomes changes over time and the methods for achieving them change, there is no sustainability without agility (Lawler & Worley, 2011).
The effect of a competitive microflora, pH and temperature on the growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Growth curves were generated for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in brain–heart infusion broth incubated at 37 or 15°C in the presence of individual and combinations of competing microflora. Broths were inoculated withE. coli O157:H7 (log103·00 cfu ml−1) and competitors (log104·00 cfu ml−1) and the initial pH of the broth was either neutral (7·0) or adjusted to 5·8 and then sequentially reduced to 4·8 over 10 h to simulate fermentation conditions. Growth curves were also generated for the competitors in these cultures, including Pseudomonas fragi, Hafnia alvei, Pediococcus acidilactici (pepperoni starter culture) and Brochothrix thermosphacta . Gompertz equations were fitted to the data and growth kinetics including lag phase duration, exponential growth rates and maximum population densities (MPD) calculated. In pure culture, the growth parameters for E. coli O157:H7 in neutral pH broths were significantly different from those recorded in simulated fermentation broths (P<0·05). The presence of competitors in the broth also had a significant effect on the growth kinetics of the pathogen. H. alvei significantly inhibited the growth (lag phase, growth rate and MPD) of E. coli O157:H7 at 37°C, neutral pH and outgrew the pathogen under these conditions. In neutral pH cultures, two other competitors, B. thermosphacta and P. acidilactici also inhibited the lag phase of the pathogen but had no effect on the other growth parameters. In simulated fermentation broths, the growth rate of E. coli O157:H7 was consistently slower and the MPD lower in the presence of a competitive microflora than when grown individually. At 15°C, only one competitor, P. fragi significantly inhibited the lag phase of the pathogen. The implications of these findings for food safety are discussed.
Photosynthetic activities of a synchronously grown aerobic N2-fixing unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. Miami BG 043511

Summary: Photosynthetic activities of a synchronously grown aerobic N2-fixing unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. strain Miami BG 043511, were examined. Cells 1 h after the onset of synchronous growth exhibited an O2 evolution rate of 400-500 mUmol (mg Chl aL)-1 h-1 at saturating light intensity, while it decreased to 40-80 mUmol (mg Chl a)-1 h-1 in 12 h cells. Changes in the relative fluorescence intensity (excitation wavelength 430 nm, emission 685 nm) were not as large as the changes in photosynthetic O2 evolution activity. Photosynthetic electron transport activities of both photosystem II and photosystem I in 12 h cells were lower than those in 1 h cells. Photosystem II activity with 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, and photosystem I activity with diaminodurene and methyl viologen in 12 h cells were about 64 and 46%, respectively, of those in 1 h cells. However, the reduction in photosynthetic electron transport activities was not sufficient to account for the reduction in photosynthetic O2 evolution activity in 12 h cells, which was about 14% of that in 1 h cells. Based on these observations, the reduction in photosynthetic O2 evolution activity in 12 h cells was ascribed to the combined effect of a reduction in both the photochemical and the biochemical steps of photosynthesis.