Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Nature Images on Pain in a Simulated Hospital Patient Room

Background: Views of nature have been reported to relieve stress and pain, making nature an ideal medium for use in healthcare settings. In hospitals whose design does not allow for a view of nature, virtual and surrogate views of nature may be viable therapeutic options. Objective: This study tests the effects of specific nature images, as defined by Appleton's prospect refuge theory of landscape preference, on participants experiencing pain. The hypotheses were: (1) Nature views are variable in their impact on specific psychological and physiological health status indicators; and (2) Prospect and refuge nature scenes are more therapeutic than hazard nature scenes. The research question was (1) Which nature image categories are most therapeutic as evidenced by reduced pain and positive mood? Methods: An experiment using mixed methods assessed the effects of four different nature scenes on physiological (blood pressure, heart rate) and psychological (mood) responses when a person was subjected to a pain stressor. Four groups were subjected to a specific nature image category of prospect, refuge, hazard, or mixed prospect and refuge; the fifth group viewed no image. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States survey instruments were used to assess pain and mood, respectively. Continuous physiological readings of heart rate and blood pressure were collected. Pain was induced through a cold pressor task, which required participants to immerse their nondominant hand in ice water for up to 120 seconds. Results: The mixed prospect and refuge image treatment showed significantly lower sensory pain responses, and the no-image treatment indicated significantly higher affective pain perception responses. The hazard image treatment had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure readings during the pain treatment, but it also had significantly high total mood disturbance. Conclusions: Although there was no clear “most” therapeutic image, the mixed prospect and refuge image showed significant potential to reduce sensory pain. The hazard image was the most effective at distracting participants from pain, but it should not be considered a positive distraction because it also received the highest mood disturbance scores of all groups.
“Promoter Array” Studies Identify Cohorts of Genes Directly Regulated by Methylation, Copy Number Change, or Transcription Factor Binding in Human Cancer Cells

DNA microarrays of promoter sequences have been developed in order to identify the profile of genes bound and activated by DNA regulatory proteins such as the transcription factors c‐Jun and ATF2 as well as DNA‐modifying methylases. The arrays contain 3083 unique human promoter sequences from +500 to −1000 nts from the transcription start site. Cisplatin‐induced DNA damage rapidly leads to specific activation of the Jun kinase pathway leading to increased phosphorylation of c‐Jun and ATF2‐DNA complexes at hundreds of sites within 3 hours. Using three statistical criteria, approximately 269 most commonly phosphorylated c‐Jun/ATF2‐DNA complexes were identified and representative cases were verified by qPCR measurement of ChIP‐captured DNA. Expression was correlated at the mRNA and protein levels. The largest functional cohort was 24 genes of known DNA repair function, most of which exhibited increased protein expression indicated coordinate gene regulation. In addition, cell lines of prostate cancer exhibit stable methylation or copy number changes that reflect the alterations of the corresponding primary tumors. 504 (18.5%) promoters showed differential hybridization between immortalized control prostate epithelial and cancer cell lines. Among candidate hypermethylated genes in cancer‐derived lines, eight had previously been observed in prostate cancer, and 13 were previously determined methylation targets in other cancers. The vast majority of genes that appear to be both differentially methylated and differentially regulated between prostate epithelial and cancer cell lines are novel methylation targets, including PAK6, RAD50, TLX3, PIR51, MAP2K5, INSR, FBN1, GG2‐1, representing a rich new source of candidate genes to study the role of DNA methylation in prostate tumors. Earlier studies using prototype promoter arrays examine approximately 7% of the proximal regulatory sequences while the current gene regulatory events surveyed here occur on a large scale and may rapidly effect the coordinated expression of a large number of genes.
A Direct Battery Hookup Filterless Pulsewidth Modulation Class D Amplifier With >100 dB PSRR for 100 Hz to 1 kHz, 0.005% THD+N and 16 μV Noise

Due to ever-increasing demand for high-level integration, low power dissipation and high fidelity, Class D amplifier ICs (CDA ICs) need to feature very high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), very low total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD + N), low output noise, high power-efficiency, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), and fixed switching frequency. We propose a fully integrated filterless CDA IC embodying a novel loop-filter that simultaneously features an ultrahigh loop gain of >200 dB and high carrier attenuation of −10 dB. Due to the ultrahigh loop gain and high carrier attenuation, the linearity and PSRR of the CDA IC is significantly improved. The proposed CDA IC further embodies a novel deadtime circuit that can eliminate the false switching in the Class D output stage, hence reducing the EMI and further improving the linearity of the CDA IC. The proposed CDA IC simultaneously features an ultrahigh PSRR (>100 dB from 100 Hz to 1 kHz), very low THD + N (0.005%), very low output noise (16 μV), and low EMI (10 dB below the EN55022 Class B standard)—yet with fixed switching frequency (400 kHz). When benchmarked against state-of-the-art designs, our CDA IC features the highest PSRR, allowing hookup directly to the battery and features the lowest output noise.
Signal integrity timing closure of million gates SOC platform

COMIP (communication oriented multi-info processor) project is a million gates SOC platform for 3G applications, which is signed off by Prime Time SI (PTSI). Here an effective flow with less iteration is described for COMIP's signal integrity timing closure. The prevention, analysis, and repair tips and experiences for crosstalk are included as well in the flow
Regional brain responses associated with drinking water during thirst and after its satiation

Significance Drinking water in response to thirst following fluid loss is a pleasant experience, whereas drinking water after thirst has been satiated is unpleasant. The pleasantness of drinking when thirsty is associated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal region. The unpleasantness and aversion of overdrinking is associated with activations in the midcingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and periaqueductal grey. Activations in the putamen and cerebellum, and also in the motor cortex, possibly reflect volitional effort to conduct compliant drinking in the face of mechanisms inhibiting intake. These regions may contribute to the termination of drinking. Overdrinking with hyponatraemia and cerebral edema can occur in schizophrenia, reflecting that this brain disorder can derange physiological mechanisms regulating water balance. The instinct of thirst was a cardinal element in the successful colonization by vertebrates of the dry land of the planet, which began in the Ordovician period about 400 million y ago. It is a commonplace experience in humans that drinking water in response to thirst following fluid loss is a pleasant experience. However, continuing to drink water once thirst has been satiated becomes unpleasant and, eventually, quite aversive. Functional MRI experiments reported here show pleasantness of drinking is associated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 32) and the orbitofrontal cortex. The unpleasantness and aversion of overdrinking is associated with activation in the midcingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and periaqueductal gray. Drinking activations in the putamen and cerebellum also correlated with the unpleasantness of water, and the motor cortex showed increased activation during overdrinking compared with drinking during thirst. These activations in motor regions may possibly reflect volitional effort to conduct compliant drinking in the face of regulatory mechanisms inhibiting intake. The results suggestive of a specific inhibitory system in the control of drinking are unique.
Characterization of rpoB Mutations in Rifampin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Turkey by DNA Sequencing and Line Probe Assay

ABSTRACT Mutations in an 81-bp region of the rpoB gene associated with rifampin resistance were studied in 41 rifampin-resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Turkey. Fourteen different rpoB alleles, three of which had not been reported before, were found. A reverse hybridization-based line probe assay (the Inno-LiPA Rif.TB test) for rapid detection of the mutations was evaluated with these isolates. Rifampin resistance was correctly identified in 23 of 41 isolates (56.1%) with the kit's R probes specific for these mutations. Seventeen of 41 isolates (41.5%) yielded hybridization patterns, with at least one negative signal obtained with the S probes for the wild type. One isolate was identified as rifampin sensitive by the line probe assay. The rate of concordance of the results of the line probe assay with the results of the in vitro susceptibility test was high (97.6%). These results demonstrate that the line probe assay kit may be useful for the rapid diagnosis of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.
Chronic auricular fibrillation; its treatment with quinidine sulfate.

Since Frey 1 first recommended quinidine sulfate for the treatment of auricular fibrillation, much has been written concerning its merits and disadvantages in this disorder. Various workers 2 have expressed the opinion that auricular fibrillation is merely a manifestation of the unfavorable progress of otherwise severe heart disease and that in itself it does not materially alter the health of the patient or interfere with cardiac efficiency. Others, 3 however, have stated the belief that the development of auricular fibrillation adds to the cardiac insufficiency and carries with it certain dangers. The problem is unsettled and warrants further clinical and laboratory investigation. THE EFFECTS OF AURICULAR FIBRILLATION The experimental production of auricular fibrillation in animals reduces the output of the heart by an average of 40 per cent. 4 It is doubtful that auricular fibrillation causes such a pronounced reduction of function in the already failing heart, but it is
State-of-charge estimation using a self-adaptive noise extended Kalman filter for lithium batteries

Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a typical method for state-of-charge (SOC) estimation of lithium batteries. An equivalent circuit model for the lithium battery is established, and model parameters are identified by experimental methods. Based on the battery model and model parameters, an EKF is proposed for SOC estimation. Analysis is conducted on the effect of the model coefficients of EKF to the stability and rapidity of SOC estimation. By calculating the sensitivity of SOC to EMF under different SOC stages and according to the needs of various operating conditions, the EKF process noise and measurement noise are adaptively adjusted to regulate the proportion of the measurement update to estimation result. The regulation contributes to tracking the SOC and improving the smoothness of the estimation result. It is validated by experiments on lithium iron phosphate (LiFeP04) battery that the performance of the EKF on SOC estimation in different situations is optimized by the noise adaptive algorithm.
Chemotopic odorant coding in a mammalian olfactory system

Systematic mapping studies involving 365 odorant chemicals have shown that glomerular responses in the rat olfactory bulb are organized spatially in patterns that are related to the chemistry of the odorant stimuli. This organization involves the spatial clustering of principal responses to numerous odorants that share key aspects of chemistry such as functional groups, hydrocarbon structural elements, and/or overall molecular properties related to water solubility. In several of the clusters, responses shift progressively in position according to odorant carbon chain length. These response domains appear to be constructed from orderly projections of sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and may also involve chromatography across the nasal mucosa. The spatial clustering of glomerular responses may serve to “tune” the principal responses of bulbar projection neurons by way of inhibitory interneuronal networks, allowing the projection neurons to respond to a narrower range of stimuli than their associated sensory neurons. When glomerular activity patterns are viewed relative to the overall level of glomerular activation, the patterns accurately predict the perception of odor quality, thereby supporting the notion that spatial patterns of activity are the key factors underlying that aspect of the olfactory code. A critical analysis suggests that alternative coding mechanisms for odor quality, such as those based on temporal patterns of responses, enjoy little experimental support. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:1–34, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular heterogeneity in lung cancer

Sixty‐six lung carcinomas have been examined by light and electron microscopy, as well as by immunocytochemical techniques using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. There was considerable heterogeneity with regard to cell type and in only 18 cases was it possible to classify the tumour as a solely small cell, squamous or adenocarcinoma. In the remaining cases there was evidence of two or three cell types. These findings support the thesis that all lung cancers are derived from a pluripotential basal or reserve cell in the bronchial mucosa which may proliferate along one or more lines of differentiation. This view of the histogenesis of lung cancer would account for the heterogeneous appearance of many tumours and the difficulty experienced in placing them in one of the standard classifications.
Intravenous epoprostenol treatment of patients with connective tissue disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension at a single center

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of epoprostenol treatment in Japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue disease (CTD). MethodsSixteen patients with PAH–CTD treated with continuous intravenous epoprostenol at a single center between 2000 and 2009 were enrolled. Baseline characteristics, short-term and long-term outcomes, predictors of mortality, and safety profiles were evaluated. For survival analysis, 16 controls were selected who matched the underlying CTD, World Health Organization functional class, and use of PAH drugs, except for epoprostenol.ResultsSix patients had systemic lupus erythematosus, five had mixed CTD, four had systemic sclerosis, and one had primary Sjögren’s syndrome. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac index (CI), pulmonary vascular resistance, and functional class were significantly improved during the first 6 months of epoprostenol treatment. Cumulative survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years in epoprostenol-treated patients were 69, 69, and 55 %, respectively, and were significantly better than those of the controls. Functional class, CI at baseline, and reduction of mPAP at 6 months were identified as predictors of survival. Adverse events, including flushing and catheter-related infection, were frequent, but all patients tolerated the treatment.ConclusionBased on the improvements in both short-term and long-term outcomes among our patient cohort, epoprostenol is an effective treatment for CTD patients with advanced PAH.
[Nosocomial outbreaks and resistant microorganisms].

OBJECTIVE To determine the number and duration of nosocomial outbreaks caused by highly resistant microorganisms (HRMO) posing a potential threat to public health, in order to undertake a risk assessment. DESIGN Descriptive study. METHOD Data on nosocomial outbreaks were collected from April 2012 to June 2014. The following characteristics were recorded at the start and end of each outbreak: type of microorganism, reason for reporting, phase of outbreak, number of patients colonised and infected, and infection prevention measures implemented. RESULTS 47 medical institutions reported 87 outbreaks (mean: 3 outbreaks per month). 20 outbreaks were reported in 2012 (2.2/month), 39 in 2013 (3.3/month), and 28 in the first six months of 2014 (4.7/month). Outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (n = 26), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; n = 23) and resistant or highly resistant Enterobacteriaceae (n = 17) were reported most frequently. 65 outbreaks (75%) were controlled within two months of reporting. CONCLUSION Transparent reporting of HRMO outbreaks is important for correct public perceptions of the safety of hospitals and nursing homes in the Netherlands. Reports to the Hospital-acquired Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Group show that HRMO outbreaks are an almost daily occurrence in Dutch hospitals. However, most outbreaks are quickly controlled without posing a threat to public health.
Regulation of the Stability of P-Glycoprotein by Ubiquitination

Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating protein turnover. Here we show that ubiquitination regulates the stability of the MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein, thereby affecting the functions of this membrane transporter that mediates multidrug resistance. We found that P-glycoprotein was constitutively ubiquitinated in drug-resistant cancer cells. Transfection of multidrug-resistant cells with wild-type ubiquitin or treatment with an N-glycosylation inhibitor increased the ubiquitination of P-glycoprotein and increased P-glycoprotein degradation. Carbobenzoxy-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-leucinal (MG-132), a proteasome inhibitor, induced accumulation of ubiquitinated P-glycoprotein, suggesting the involvement of the proteasome in the turnover of the transporter. Treatment of multidrug-resistant cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a phorbol ester that increases the phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein through activation of protein kinase C, or substituting phosphorylation sites of P-glycoprotein by nonphosphorylatable residues did not affect the ubiquitination of the transporter. Enhanced ubiquitination of P-glycoprotein resulted in a decrease of the function of the transporter, as demonstrated by increased intracellular drug accumulation and increased cellular sensitivity to drugs transported by P-glycoprotein. Our results indicate that the stability and function of P-glycoprotein can be regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and suggest that modulating the ubiquitination of P-glycoprotein might be a novel approach to the reversal of drug resistance.
The Relationship of Causal Beliefs and Contact With Users of Mental Health Services To Attitudes To the 'Mentally Ill'

Programmes to destigmatise 'mental illness' have traditionally been based on the 'mental illness is an illness like any other' metaphor and have been largely unsuccessful. By measuring attitudes towards, and etiology beliefs about, 'mental illness' before and after a series of four undergraduate lectures presenting the psychosocial causes of, and solutions to, severe mental health problems, this study (a) replicated previous studies demonstrating a relationship between biogenetic causal beliefs and negative attitudes towards 'mental patients'; (b) found that following the lectures attitudes improved, particularly around the key variables of dangerousness and unpredictability; and (c) demonstrated that amount of contact with people who had received psychiatric treatment was an even stronger predictor of positive attitudes than acceptance of a psychosocial perspective.
The NLANR network analysis infrastructure

The National Laboratory for Applied Network Research is creating a network analysis infrastructure (NAI) to support network research and engineering of high performance research networks. The NAI includes a passive monitoring project, an active monitoring project, and the collection of network management and control data. Together these projects have deployed more than 120 monitors around the high-performance research networks in the United States. This article describes NAI and the projects using it. The article concludes with a discussion of the future plans for the infrastructure.
Joint Antenna Beamforming, Multiuser Scheduling, and Power Allocation for Hierarchical Cellular Systems

Cognitive radio (CR) is concretely embodied in hierarchical cellular systems by deploying an underlying microcellular system to reuse the underutilized spectrum of a macrocellular system. One of the key challenges to the success of hierarchical cellular systems is to manage the intercell interference between the macrocell and the microcell and to maximize the spectrum efficiency. In this paper, antenna beamforming, power allocation, and multiuser scheduling are jointly designed to opportunistically utilize the macrocell's uplink spectrum in serving multiple secondary microcellular users concurrently. The joint design of antenna beamforming, power allocation, and scheduling with the objective of maximizing the sum rate is indeed a mixed-integer nonlinear programming NP-hard problem. The proposed simpler iterative subgradient projection and semidefinite programming approach can obtain better performance than the conventional zero-forcing beamforming. Furthermore, unlike the optimal singular value decomposition (SVD) beamforming that requires all users to have channel knowledge at the receiver for cooperation, the proposed joint design methodology requires no channel knowledge at the receiver and can outperform the SVD beamforming without user scheduling. When considering both implementation complexity and performance enhancement issues, the proposed joint power allocation, multiuser scheduling, and antenna beamforming technique can help provide important insights into the design of interference management techniques for hierarchical CR systems.
Structural Basis for the Autoinhibition and STI-571 Inhibition of c-Kit Tyrosine Kinase*

The activity of the c-Kit receptor protein-tyrosine kinase is tightly regulated in normal cells, whereas deregulated c-Kit kinase activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancers. The c-Kit juxtamembrane region is known to have an autoinhibitory function; however the precise mechanism by which c-Kit is maintained in an autoinhibited state is not known. We report the 1.9-Å resolution crystal structure of native c-Kit kinase in an autoinhibited conformation and compare it with active c-Kit kinase. Autoinhibited c-Kit is stabilized by the juxtamembrane domain, which inserts into the kinase-active site and disrupts formation of the activated structure. A 1.6-Å crystal structure of c-Kit in complex with STI-571 (Imatinib® or Gleevec®) demonstrates that inhibitor binding disrupts this natural mechanism for maintaining c-Kit in an autoinhibited state. Together, these results provide a structural basis for understanding c-Kit kinase autoinhibition and will facilitate the structure-guided design of specific inhibitors that target the activated and autoinhibited conformations of c-Kit kinase.