Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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This paper describes the noise reduction for fully integrated CMOS PLL. Since the Switching of large digital system introduces power supply or substrate noise which perturb the more sensitive blocks in a PLL. Which work as dominant jitter for VCO. This paper describes designs for both a PLL and a clock buffer that reduce sensitivity to supply noise for low-power applications. The supply noise rejection can be done by using active or passive filter and improving supply sensitivity. We are using both method for reduce noise to improve performance of PLL. By designing of low noise PLL, the high static and dynamic supply noise rejection have been achived. Design uses static CMOS Inverter as a building block of VCO and clocking buffering. The design is fabricated at 0.125 m technology.
Allelic diversity of butyrophilin (BTN1A1) gene in Indian bovines

Indian milch bovines comprises of 58.56% of total livestock population (512.05 million) in the country and primarily includes native and crossbred cattle (37.28%) and water buffaloes (21.28%). Milk and milk products are essential food items of Indian diet especially in children, old and senile. Milk fat is an important constituent of milk and has an economic value and its percentage in milk varies betweem species and breeds within species. Butyrophilin ( BTN1A1 ) a membrane protein regulates secretion of lipids and size of a fat globule in milk. Present study was conducted in 538 bovines of 11 breeds/populations adapted to different parts of India, with an aim to screen and determine the major allele of BTN1A1 gene using PCR-RFLP based test. Results indicate that exon 8 of BTN1A1 gene is polymorphic in Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Jhari and Belahi populations of native cattle and Holstein Friesian and Jersey crossbreds where as the same exon was monomorphic in Murrah, Chilika, Gojri, Chhattisgarhi and Bargur populations of water buffalo. We conclude that variations in BTN1A1 gene can serve as an excellent genetic marker while selecting cows for higher milk fat and can be applied while formulating their breeding plans.
Semantic based neural model approach for text simplification

The machine translation systems affect by various difficulties like long-distance dependency and long sentences having complex syntax. Text Summarization (TeSu) and Text Simplification (TeSi) are the important ways of simplifying the text for users who are having the poor reading capability, including non-native speakers, functionally illiterate and children. TeSu produce a brief summary of the main ideas of the text, while TeSi aims to reduce the linguistic complexity of the text and retain the original meaning. In many text generation tasks, sequence-to-sequence model depends upon approaches of TeSu and TeSi achieves more success, recently. Text data have low Semantic Relevance (SR), but the Simplified Text (SiTs) which generate from the Source Text (SoTs) are more similar. The goal of the paper is to work for TeSu and TeSi, for improving the SR between the original texts and the modified texts. The proposed method encouraging high semantic similarity between texts and summaries by implementing SR based Neural model (SRN). The encoder represents the SoT, whereas, the decoder produced the summary representation. During training, the representation provides maximum Similarity Score (SS) and the experi-ments conducted on the approach using two benchmark datasets. The experimental results showed that SNR approach provided better per-formance compared to the existing method in terms of metrics such as readability metrics, human-sentence level evaluation, and Post Editing (PE) evaluation.
Pathology of worm infestation in ovine and its treatment with two different plants extraction

The aim of this research was to obtain the effects of plant extraction of Fumariaceae on the control of experimental multiple nematodes infection as an antihelminthic and Scrophularia striata plant extraction as an anti-inflammatory of gastro intestinal tract (GIT) in lambs, and their effects on body weight gain. 24 lambs, 9 to 13 months of age with the average body weight of 16.175 kg, were divided in two groups. After eight weeks of parasitic infection, the experimental group of animals were treated with 3 ml/kg body weight Fumariaceae plant extract for one week. Confirmed infected animals were randomly selected and slaughtered for GIT tissues at the end of eight weeks, while the rest of lambs again treated with Scrophularia striata extraction orally were slaughtered at the end of the 11th week. Marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia was observed in all regions of GIT of infected animals. Villi were broad and appeared to be flattened in distal regions of small intestine of infected animal in comparison to treated group of the lambs after eight weeks with the plant extraction of S. striata . Significant changes were observed in protein fractions. Significant increases in body weight were also observed in infected lambs on 10th week treated animal with plant extraction. Fumariaceae and S. striata plant extraction could be use as an antihelminthic, and anti-inflammatory, although it needs further extensive study. Keyword: Helminthes, plant extraction, total protein, hematology, histology.
Taylor expansions for the generating function of Catalan-like numbers

In 2002, Eu, Liu and Yeh introduced new Taylor expansions of the generating function of Catalan and Motzkin numbers. And they presented that this Taylor style expansion can be applied to more generating functions satisfying some relations (Advances in Applied Mathematics, 29 (2002) 345–357). In this paper, we focus on this Taylor expansion of the generating function of Catalan-like numbers, which are common generalizations of many classic counting coefficients, such as the Catalan numbers, the Motzkin numbers and the Schröder numbers. We present the recurrence relations of the coefficients and bivariate generating functions of the remainders of the new Taylor expansion of the generating function of Catalan-like numbers.
Distribution and cycling of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon in peatland-draining rivers and coastal waters of Sarawak, Borneo

Abstract. South-East Asia is home to one of the world's largest stores of tropical peatland and accounts for roughly 10 % of the global land-to-sea dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux. We present the first ever seasonally resolved measurements of DOC concentration and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) spectra for six peatland-draining rivers and coastal waters in Sarawak, north-western Borneo. The rivers differed substantially in DOC concentration, ranging from 120–250 µmol L−1 (Rajang River) to 3100–4400 µmol L−1 (Maludam River). All rivers carried high CDOM concentrations, with a350 in the four blackwater rivers between 70 and 210 m−1 and 4 and 12 m−1 in the other two rivers. DOC and CDOM showed conservative mixing with seawater except in the largest river (the Rajang), where DOC concentrations in the estuary were elevated, most likely due to inputs from the extensive peatlands within the Rajang Delta. Seasonal variation was moderate and inconsistent between rivers. However, during the rainier north-east monsoon, all marine stations in the western part of our study area had higher DOC concentrations and lower CDOM spectral slopes, indicating a greater proportion of terrigenous DOM in coastal waters. Photodegradation experiments revealed that riverine DOC and CDOM in Sarawak are photolabile: up to 25 % of riverine DOC was lost within 5 days of exposure to natural sunlight, and the spectral slopes of photo-bleached CDOM resembled those of our marine samples. We conclude that coastal waters of Sarawak receive large inputs of terrigenous DOC that is only minimally altered during estuarine transport and that any biogeochemical processing must therefore occur mostly at sea. It is likely that photodegradation plays an important role in the degradation of terrigenous DOC in these waters.
The Octopus in Hong Kong: The Success of a Smart Card-based E-payment System and Beyond

The success of the Octopus as a smart card-based E-payment system in Hong Kong is unparalleled by its counterparts worldwide. The number of daily transactions is over 8.1 million, generating over US$7 million in revenue on average. Although the majority of these transactions are transport-related, the Octopus is seeking to extend its arms into retailing payments. This research investigates whether retailers and consumers in Hong Kong would accept the Octopus better than its rivals such as cash, credit cards, or Electronic Payment System (EPS) to become a preferred payment method for retailing in Hong Kong.
Capital adequacy in the context of markets turmoil

Financial stability is the key objective that sustains and empowers investments and economic groth, or scatters the opportunities when lacking. As growth translates to profitability, and profitability is dependent upon solvalibility, the need for a deep knowledge of all potential risks surfaces. This scope is seeken through all the reglementations of the financial markets. Since the last major financial crisis had a less devastating impact on the insurance market and the losses suffered by the insurance companies were smaller than the losses of banks, we will focus on the risk valuation apllied by these insurance companies. The proper valuation of risks is mirrored in the Solvency Capital Requirement calculated,which under Solvency II framework,corresponds to Value-at-Risk of the basic own funds subjected to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year period.
Penalized Splines and Reproducing Kernel Methods

Two data analytic research areas—penalized splines and reproducing kernel methods—have become very vibrant since the mid-1990s. This article shows how the former can be embedded in the latter via theory for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. This connection facilitates cross-fertilization between the two bodies of research. In particular, connections between support vector machines and penalized splines are established. These allow for significant reductions in computational complexity, and easier incorporation of special structure such as additivity.
THE GEOMETRIC MEAN AND THE GEODESIC FITTING PROBLEM ON THE GRASSMANN MANIFOLD

The main objective of this paper is to solve the problem of nding a geodesic that best ts a given set of time-labelled points on the Grassmann manifold. To achieve this goal and derive the corresponding normal equations, we rst deduce a formula for the geodesic arc joining two points on the Grassmannian, depending explicitly only on the given points. This allows to simplify the expression for the geodesic distance, which is crucial to generalize the best tting problem, and is also used successfully to obtain a characterization of the geometric mean of a nite set of points lying on the Grassmannian, where the given points enter explicitly.
Making Biofuels Competitive: The Limitations of Biology for Fuel Production

Our main energy consumption is based on the use of non-sustainable sources (fossil fuels). The use of biological entities utilizing renewable (biomass) is one way to provide energy rich compounds and molecules for fuels, with emphasis on liquid fuels. Their utilization could substitute for a part of our present use of fossil fuels with the added attractiveness that they have the potential to be sustainable. Bio based fuels have been classified as first, second and third generation fuels. First generation biofuels are already produced on a large scale, mainly bioethanol and biodiesel. The present manufacture of both compounds is regulation driven and subsidized. Second generation biofuels are based on cellulose or waste and are still mainly in research and development phases. The first large scale facilities were launched in 2014. Pretreatment of the lignocellulose and the complexity of waste as a substrate are the economic impediment for these raw materials. Third generation biofuels are higher alcohols (butanol), hydrogen, other drop in fuels (hydrocarbons, isoprenoids) and the use of algae with CO 2 as carbon and light as energy source. The compounds produced by algae that are of interest as biofuels are fatty acids for biodiesel production or ethanol. Except for bioethanol produced in Brazil, which is based on sugar cane as substrate, and during periods of positive economics, these processes do not allow free competition with non-sustainable energy sources. It is important to have a holistic view at the whole life cycle of the processes in order to develop a competitive alternative fuel. The benchmark is economic competiveness compared with conventional fuels. There are many intrinsic limitations for implementation of economical biofuel production one of which is thermodynamics. However, with these intrinsic limitations continued research should be able to give novel and creative solutions to solve the problem of economical competitiveness. The evaluation of the thermodynamical feasibility of the possible pathways is a first requirement. Novel pathways of cellular energetics, related to what is thermodynamically possible need to be developed. The recent decrease in price for fossil fuels, the development of novel sources (i.e. shale gas) has had a very negative effect on the progress in the biofuels manufacture and marketing. Recent standards for volumes to be reached in the coming years are decreasing both in Europe and in the USA.
A catalogue of velocities in the cluster of galaxies Abell 85

We present a catalogue of velocities for 551 galaxies (and give the coordinates of 39 stars misclassified as galaxies in our photometric plate catalogue) in a region covering about 100\'$\\times$100\' (0.94$\\times$0.94 Mpc for an average redshift of 0.0555, assuming H$_\\circ$=50 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$) in the direction of the rich cluster Abell 85. This catalogue includes previously published redshifts by Beers et al. (1991) and Malumuth et al. (1992), together with our 367 new measurements. A total of 305 galaxies have velocities in the interval 13350-20000 km s$^{-1}$, and will be considered as members of the cluster. Abell 85 therefore becomes one of the clusters with the highest number of measured redshifts; its optical properties are being investigated in a companion paper.
Tests of MCAR and estimation methods for missing data: An application to the effect of class size reduction on SAT score for grades in K-3

Two formal tests of missing completely at random (MCAR) assumption are developed for unbalanced panel data. The powers of tests are examined with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimator and multiple imputation-based (MI) estimator under missing at random (MAR) assumption are studied as methods for missing data when MCAR assumption is violated. Theoretical predictions for IPW and MI estimators are tested with MC simulation. Proposed tests and IPW and MI methods for missing data are applied to estimate the effect of class size reduction (CSR) on student academic achievement for grades in K-3 using the early educational experiment Project STAR. The results show the violation of MCAR assumption in Project STAR application so we applied IPW and MI methods for missing data under MAR assumption. The IPW estimates for effect of CSR on student achievement score in grades K-3 is about 4 to 5 percent while unweighted estimates with complete-case is about 6 to 7 percent. Estimators which ignore missing data overestimate the effect of CSR on student score by about 1 to 2 percentage points.
Functional Boundaries as a Tacit Knowledge Sharing Factor and Its Effect on Public Sector Performance in Kenya

Knowledge is a crucial component in the growth of any organization and it forms a significant fraction of all the resources required for organizational growth. Out of the renowned factors of production namely land, labor, capital, entrepreneur and management, three out of the five factors (60%) are human factors (resource) which are actually the main drivers of knowledge management and tacit knowledge sharing. The world revolution has seen economies come from reliance on land ownership (the agricultural age), where the backbone of the economy is purely agriculture, through to the industrial age (reliance on industrialization) and now is the knowledge focus (reliance on knowledge gathering, acquisition and storage as a competitive advantage) which is the third wave of human socio-economic development. In a knowledge society, the basic economic resource is no longer capital, or natural resources or even labour, but knowledge. Knowledge is now recognized as a resource that is at par with other economic resources. It is noted that in the knowledge age, 2% of the working population will work on the land (agriculture), 10% will work in the industry (industrialization) and the rest will be in knowledge (tacit). In the Kenyan civil service, there seems to be ignorance in the amount of knowledge that flows through the Kenyan civil service every day. Chief among the reasons for this scenario is strong hierarchical (functional boundaries or strict demarcations), and bureaucracies that impede generation, distribution and sharing of knowledge and information. The performance of the Kenya public sector had failed to meet the stipulated targets as was indicated by the performance of the economic, social and other sectors in the year 2012 and 2013. In addition, empirical evidence reveals that there is a lacuna in the studies associated with tacit knowledge sharing and performance of the public sector in Kenya. The study therefore focuses on the influence of functional boundaries as a factor of tacit knowledge sharing and how they affect public sector performance in Kenya.
Offset Drift Dependence of Hall Cells with their Designed Geometry

In this paper, the performance of CMOS Hall Effect Sensors with four different geometries has been experimentally studied. Using a characteristic measurement system, the cells residual offset and its temperature behavior were determined. The offset, offset drift and sensitivity are quantities that were computed to determine the sensors performance. The temperature coefficient of specific parameters such as individual, residual offset and resistance has been also investigated. Therefore the optimum cell to fit the best in the performance specifications was identified. The variety of tested shapes ensures a good analysis on how the sensors performance changes with geometry.
Applying the Bass model to pharmaceuticals in emerging markets

Albeit the Bass model was not designed for predicting sales of newly launched drugs, pharmaceutical companies commonly use it for this purpose, mainly because of its good predictive power. Empirical experience, however, mainly refers to mature markets and it is unclear how the model behaves in emerging markets. We try to fill this gap in the literature by comparing the estimation results of the Bass model between emerging markets and mature markets in a big dataset including more than 5,000 new launches from different countries. Our results show a good performance of the model in emerging markets. Compared to mature markets the estimated parameters on average are the same, but there is a higher heterogeneity between individual countries. Our findings favour the application of the Bass model in emerging markets, but also highlight the importance of selecting individual parameters for each country and therapeutic class.
Jellyfish monitoring on coastlines using remote piloted aircraft

In the last 10 years the number of jellyfish shoals that reach the swimming area of the Mediterranean Sea are increasing constantly. The term "Jellyfish" refers to animals from different taxonomic groups but the Scyphomedusae are within the most significant one. Four species of Scyphomedusae are the most conspicuous ones inhabiting the studied area, the Barcelona metropolitan area. Jellyfish are usually found at the surface waters, forming big swarms. This feature makes possible to detect them remotely, using a visual camera and image processing algorithms. In this paper we present the characteristics of a remote piloted aircraft capable to perform monitoring flights during the whole summer season. The requirements of the aircraft are to be easy to operate, to be able to flight at low altitude (100 m) following the buoy line (200 m from the beach line) and to be save for other users of the seaside. The remote piloted aircraft will carry a vision system and a processing board able to obtain useful information on real-time.
Laboratory Study to Investigate the Response of Cucumis sativus L. to Roundup and Basta Applied to the Rooting Medium

Roundup and Basta are commonly used herbicides in both agricultural and non-agricultural systems. They are non-selective broad spectrum post-emergence herbicides, relatively nontoxic to environment. Their mode of action is connected with inhibition of amino acids biosynthesis (Cobb, 1992; Wakabayashi & Boger, 2004). Herbicide Basta is also know as glufosinate or phosphinothricin. Glufosinate is a structural analogue of glutamic acid and it irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS) which synthesises glutamine from glutamate and ammonium. Consequently, ammonium concentration in plant tissues strongly increases and causes metabolic disruption and plants’ death. Roundup’s active ingredient is glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] that inhibits 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3phosphate synthase (EPSPS). As a consequence, the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids is inhibited. Besides, glyphosate is known to have secondary mode of action connected with the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis resulting from a glyphosate-mediated inhibition of -aminolevulinic acid synthesis (Pline et al., 1999). Both herbicides alter the cellular pools of amino acids that results in disruption of nitrogen metabolism. Indirectly they affect protein synthesis, nitrate assimilation and nitrogen fixation (Bellaloui et al., 2006; Sacala et al., 2008). Nitrogen is an essential element that strongly influence and regulate plants’ growth. For most plants in moderate climate regions, the main source of nitrogen is nitrate obtained from the soil. Nitrate is utilized in a linear pathway that involves its uptake and transport within the plant and then its assimilation, ammonium assimilation and amino acid and protein biosynthesis (Sitt et al., 2002). The first step in nitrate assimilation pathway, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, is catalyzed by nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1–2). This enzyme plays a central role in nitrogen assimilation and is considered as a key point of metabolic regulation, as well as a rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Nitrate reductase is known to modulate rapidly to environmental stress conditions and is responsive to metabolic and physiological status of plants (Kaiser & Huber, 1994). Hence, sometime it is used as a biomarker of plant stress. Nitrate reduction occurs in both shoots and roots of plants and the relative contribution of each is dependent on the particular species, plant age and growth conditions.
Visual analysis of Spanish male mortality

Statistical analysis is the study of data sets. Simple data sets can be thought of as (a collection of) tables which list variables and the values they get at data points (measurement points). For example, a data set can be a list of places and the temperature measured at these places on the 3rd of February, 1900, at 9 am. Or, it can be a list of all children in school and their height and age. A statistical analysis of these data sets employs techniques to gather understanding from the raw data – children of age of twelve years are more likely to be 150 cm tall than 190 cm tall 1 . An important, but all too often ignored, part of a statistical analysis is to look at – visualize – the data set. Common visualization methods can be in the form of graphs or charts. For modern complex data sets, it is not always clear how such visualization should be done, so this is an active research area.