Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between dhfr and dhps genes in plasmodium falciparum plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi isolated from Sabah

Malaria is one of the globally challenging parasitic infectious diseases. Treatment failure due to resistance in malaria parasites is an important factor in the effective treatment of malaria. Dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) are two genes that encode the enzymes involved in the folate pathway targeted by antifolate drugs. This study was performed to compare molecular analysis of these two genes in three most prevalent human Plasmodium parasites in Sabah namely P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. knowlesi. The genes dhfr and dhps were amplified and sequenced from PCR confirmed single infection isolates of P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. knowlesi. The sequences were analysed using DNASTAR and MEGA6 softwares. Among 228 samples collected, 70 of them were P. falciparum positive, 11 were P. vivax, 5 were P. malariae and 67 P. know/esi monoinfection. DNA sequence alignment of dhfr gene among Sabah isolates was highly conserved in P. falciparum and P. vivax while P. knowlesi demonstrated polymorphisms in about 4% of the full-length pkdhfr. Meanwhile, the same rates were also observed in dhps gene of which P. fa/ciparum and P. vivax showed less number of nucleotide polymorphisms than in P. know/esi. Haplotyping analysis at positions which mutations significantly reduce antifolate drug sensitivity revealed identification of 4 pfdhfr-pfdhps (2.8% of AIRNI-SGKAA, 69.4% of ANRNI-SGKAA, 25% of ANRNI-SGKGA and 2.8% of ANRNL-SGTGA) while only 2 pvdhfr-pvdhps FRTNI-SAKAV (33.3%) and LRMTI-SGKAV (33.3%) type in the study areas. With respect to P. knowlesi, the dhfr orthologues haplotyping analysis showed wild-type sequence (ANSSI) at this locus. At present, there is no report in pkdhps gene mutation conferring resistance has been described in P. knowlesi. However, nucleotide polymorphisms observed in pkdhfr and pkdhps from Sabah isolates could have resulted from the selection of P. know/esi populations with drug resistance alleles under continuous drug pressure indicating the possible presence of human-to-human transmission. This study also shows a remarkably high prevalence of mutations linked to drug resistance in P. falciparum and P. vivax which highlights the molecular study of polymorphisms in dhfr and dhps genes remain as a useful tool to monitor the emergence and spread of antifolate drug resistance in malaria parasites from Sabah isolates.
A new genus of Eunotiales (Bacillariophyta, Bacillariophyceae: Peroniaceae), Sinoperonia, from Southeast Asia, exhibiting remarkable phenotypic plasticity with regard to the raphe system

Abstract: We describe Sinoperonia gen. nov. for freshwater diatoms from mountainous regions of south-central China and northern Vietnam, whose single species, S. polyraphiamorpha sp. nov., develops monoraphid, biraphid and araphid frustules in the general proportions of 4:2:1 (China) or 2:1:1 (Vietnam), respectively, in different populations. Light and scanning electron microscope observations of this species show that raphe-bearing valves also have rimoportulae, and thus it is assigned to the Eunotiales. The raphe-bearing valves have the raphe at or near the middle of the valves, suggesting a placement in the Peroniaceae, and this new diatom is compared with the two other genera, Peronia and Actinellopsis, in this small but phylogenetically important group. We discuss the extreme morphological variation in this new taxon, and the growing body of evidence that the freshwater diatom flora of Southeast Asia may harbour many endemic genera as well as species.
Reação de Cultivares de Oliveira a Meloidogyne mayaguensis.

A oliveira (Olea europaea L.) foi introduzida experimentalmente no Brasil, na metade do século passado. Entretanto, por problemas de aclimatação e falta de pesquisas nesse período, a cultura foi abandonada e acabou desaparecendo das regiões onde havia sido implantada. Recentemente, a cultura foi reintroduzida no sul do Brasil tendo em vista a seleção de cultivares adaptadas e com potencial produtivo para as nossas condições edafoclimáticas (COUTINHO et al., 2007).
In vitro antioxidant and in vivo xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Pandanus amaryllifolius in potassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemic rats

Summary Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays an important role in the regulation of uric acid and prevents it from being overproduced as in hyperuricemia disease. The combined effects of antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitor would become a promising approach for hyperuricemia treatment. In this research, the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf were evaluated. The leaf water extract (PA-W) showed highest total phenols, and petroleum ether extract (PA-PE) showed highest total flavonoids contents. The antioxidant activity of DPPH, metal chelating and hydrogen peroxide was highest in PA-W extract. The treatment of PA-W extract at 1000 mg kg−1 body weight in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats showed significant (P < 0.001) decrease in serum uric acid level by 85% and XO activity by 64%, respectively, as compared to the hyperuricemic rats. In conclusion, the P. amaryllifolius possess the dual effect of antioxidant and XO inhibition as potential therapeutic agents in the hyperuricemia treatment.
Somatic mutations in tumors: their detection, generation mechanisms and implications

In this study, we characterized somatic mutations including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions/deletions (indels), somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and structural variations (SVs) in chicken Marek’s disease lymphomas as well as SCNAs in human osteosarcoma. We also investigated generation mechanisms of somatic mutations, especially SNVs and SCNAs in diverse tumor types. The results contribute to the understanding how somatic mutations drive tumorigenesis and shed light on the molecular mechanisms of somatic mutation generation in cancer.
Trait components of whole plant water use efficiency are defined by unique, environmentally responsive genetic signatures in the model C4 grass Setaria

Plant growth and water use are interrelated processes influenced by the genetic control of both plant morphological and biochemical characteristics. Improving plant water use efficiency (WUE) to sustain growth in different environments is an important breeding objective that can improve crop yields and enhance agricultural sustainability. However, genetic improvements of WUE using traditional methods have proven difficult due to low throughput and environmental heterogeneity encountered in field settings. To overcome these limitations the study presented here utilizes a high-throughput phenotyping platform to quantify plant size and water use of an interspecific Setaria italica x Setaria viridis recombinant inbred line population at daily intervals in both well-watered and water-limited conditions. Our findings indicate that measurements of plant size and water use in this system are strongly correlated; therefore, a linear modeling approach was used to partition this relationship into predicted values of plant size given water use and deviations from this relationship at the genotype level. The resulting traits describing plant size, water use and WUE were all heritable and responsive to soil water availability, allowing for a genetic dissection of the components of plant WUE under different watering treatments. Linkage mapping identified major loci underlying two different pleiotropic components of WUE. This study indicates that alleles controlling WUE derived from both wild and domesticated accessions of the model C4 species Setaria can be utilized to predictably modulate trait values given a specified precipitation regime.
Incubation temperature effects on broiler chicken embryos

by KATIE ELAINE COLLINS (Under the Direction of Jeanna L. Wilson) ABSTRACT Extreme variations in incubation temperature affect the broiler embryo and, ultimately, post hatch broiler performance. Previous studies have implied that incubation temperature may impact chick quality and sex of the chick. The control of both parameters would be economically beneficial to the poultry industry. This work evaluated embryonic differences between a modern high yielding broiler and a 1950s meat-type chicken strain when incubated at a 1950s incubation temperature (37.7°C) and investigated incubation temperature effects on modern broiler sex ratios. These data suggest that the incubation temperature of 50 years ago is too high for the modern broiler. Wide temperature variations (0.8°C) away from standard temperature were not found to influence the sex ratio of broiler chicks at hatch.
Some Phytochemicals and Anti-inflammation Effect of Juice from Tiliacora triandra Leaves

Tiliacora triandra (TT), native to Southeast Asia, has been widely used as folk medicine and in cuisines in many areas. Although little scientific evidence supports the health benefits of TT leaves, the juice extracted from TT leaves has become popular for consumers among all socioeconomic classes. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory properties of juice extracted from TT leaves. The result revealed that, the highest total phenolic contents (199.92 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid contents (29.76 mg RUE/g), and extraction yield (61.2%) of the lyophilized TT leaves juice powder were found in the solvent mixture of ethanol, water, and acetone extracts. The highest DPPH radical scavenging value (90.95%) of the lyophilized TT leaves juice powder was found in hot water extract. By HPLC analysis, total phenolic compounds of the lyophilized TT leaves juice powder was 3,938.1 mg/kg. Tannic acid, gallic acid, and rutin are the major phenolic compound and the juice is a rich source of chlorophyll compound (3,551.6 mg/kg). The lyophilized TT leaves juice down-regulated the induction of inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The results suggest that intake of TT leaves juice, providing various phenolic and chlorophyll compounds, has great potential for reducing the inflammatory process.
External immune defence in ant societies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): the role of antimicrobial venom and metapleural gland secretion

Recently, antimicrobial secretions acting in the env ironment of an organism have been described as exte rnal immune defence. Here, I review evidence that antimicrobial secretions from two exocrine glands of ants, the v enom gland and the metapleural glands, indeed function as external immune defence in order to increase the livelihood an hygiene within the colony. I will argue that the evolution f external immune defence has likely been favoured in social insects due to their lifestyle, i.e., due to their often lo ng-lived and large societies, with permanent nests and the potential storage of food. Although external immune defence i s widely documented for social insects, we still la ck a better understanding of how external immune defence integr a s into other parasite defence traits of social i nsects and general host physiology. Therefore, I will point to potenti al limitations and shortcomings of our current know ledge on external immune defence in insect societies and highlight po tential new avenues for future research.
The Braincase and Endocast of Parringtonia gracilis, a Middle Triassic Suchian (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)

ABSTRACT The evolution of the braincase and brain of early pseudosuchians through to the earliest crocodylomorphs is poorly understood given the paucity of specimens, lack of well-preserved material, and lack of consensus on the phylogenetic relationships of the major clades of Pseudosuchia. Here, we describe three differently sized braincases diagnosable as belonging to the archosaur Parringtonia gracilis from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania. One of them, a nearly complete and exceptionally preserved braincase, possesses a complex set of character states typically present in early-diverging Pseudosuchia, but it also possesses nearly all of the character states previously hypothesized to represent synapomorphies exclusive to aetosaurs and crocodylomorphs. Details of the internal anatomy and a reconstructed endocast were obtained through high-resolution computed tomographic data and show a high degree of conservation of brain architecture across Pseudosuchia, in stark contrast to the extensive shifts observed within Theropoda to crown Aves. Integrating cranial and postcranial data into a phylogenetic analysis, we find Parringtonia gracilis to be closely related to a Revueltosaurus-Aetosauria clade at the base of Suchia and distantly related to crocodylomorphs. No matter which pseudosuchian clade is the most closely related to crocodylomorphs, we deduce that homoplasy in the braincase appears to be common across Pseudosuchia.
Habitat use by the brush-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus blythi)

Abstract. One of the largest remaining marsupial predators to persist across the Australian arid zone, despite increasing pressures, is the brush-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus blythi). Although D. blythi populations have declined since European settlement, they are currently considered stable, persisting in small, low-density isolated populations during periods of low rainfall. The main threat to the species is currently thought to be large introduced and feral predators. Through spool and line tracking, we examined how the species utilises its surroundings in relation to access to food resources and exposure to predators during a low-rainfall period. We found that D. blythi uses the open space between vegetation, a microhabitat that is known to support important prey species. We found that some individuals experiencing greater physiological demands consistently used resource-rich patches (such as termite mounds). We also identified the repeated use of great desert skink (Liopholis kintorei) burrows, which may provide access to prey items (such as young skinks), protection from predators and/or thermoregulation benefits. This study shows that D. blythi utilises several components in the landscape to increase access to reliable food resources and shows little active selection for areas that provide protection from predators.
Breeding for increased drought tolerance in wheat: a review

Abstract. Drought, being a yield-limiting factor, has become a major threat to international food security. It is a complex process, and drought tolerance response is carried out by various genes, transcription factors, microRNAs, hormones, proteins, co-factors, ions and metabolites. This complexity has limited the development of crop cultivars for drought tolerance. Breeding for drought tolerance is further complicated because several types of abiotic stress, such as high temperatures, high irradiance, and nutrient toxicities or deficiencies, can challenge crop plants simultaneously. Although marker-assisted selection is now widely deployed in wheat, it has not contributed significantly to cultivar improvement for adaptation to low-yielding environments, and breeding has relied largely on direct phenotypic selection for improved performance in these difficult environments. Advances in plant breeding to produce improved and higher performing wheat cultivars are key to making dryland food-production systems more efficient and more resistant to pressure from drought, extremes of cold and heat, unpredictable rainfall, and new pests and diseases. For optimal performance, wheat cultivars can be targeted to specific farming systems, depending on local conditions and stresses. Genetic gain in wheat yield potential during the last century has been achieved by plant breeding and is well documented. It has been studied by comparing, in the same field trial, the yield of cultivars characterised by different years of release. Genomic selection (GS) and high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) have attracted the interest of plant breeders, and both approaches promise to revolutionise the prediction of complex traits, including growth, yield and adaptation to stress. This review describes the impact of drought on yield, trends in yield for boosting crop yields to meet the projected demands of rising global population by 2050, and genetic gain achieved by plant breeding in the last decades; and gathers known functional information on the genes, metabolites and traits and their direct involvement in conferring drought tolerance in wheat. In addition, it discusses recently developed techniques (i.e. GS and HTP) integrated with approaches such as breeding, genetics, genomics, and agronomic strategies for improving drought in wheat.
Meningiomas – insights into genetics and correlations with histological features

Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors. They occur more frequently in women and may be completely asymptomatic. According to the World Health Organization, the ability to invade and to develop recurrences represents the criterion which is used to designate three grades of meningiomas. In the last decade, advanced knowledges in genetics and molecular biology have improved our understanding of the clinical behavior of meningiomas. In addition to mutation or loss of NF2 gene, recurrent mutations of other genes, such as TERT, TRAF7, AKT1, AKT3, SMO, KLF4, SMARCE1, POLR2A, SUFU, BAP-1, PIK3CA, TSLC1, CDNK2A, PTCH1, TP73, PTEN, NDRG2, S6K, and CDNK2B have been identified within subsets of meningiomas. This review provides an overview and updates of the current knowledge of the genetics of meningioma in correlation with its histopathology. The insights into genetics and molecular profile of meningiomas may provide a valuable step towards developing new therapeutic approach for this type of intracranial tumor.
In vivo conservation of agro-biodiversity: A selective but practical approach for its sustainable utilization

PMB group of NIAB has created new agro-bio-diversity through conservation into commercial cultivars, genomes of 5 different accessions of Aegilops geneculata (syn. ovata). The objectives were to produce new agricultural bio-diversity for stressed lands and enhancing the existing one through the use of wild relatives of wheat. The accessions were collected from abroad and within the country and are no more available. However, the genomes of these accessions conserved in commercial cultivars are available for improvement of salinity and water deficiency tolerance in wheat. Compared to in situ and ex situ, in vivo conservation is selective yet two steps ahead of the former two. Firstly, genome conserved in vivo is known for its specific characters. Secondly, its cross-ability with wheat is also known. For in-situ and ex-situ conservation, first the germplasm is to be collected followed by screening for specific characters. The selected species/accession would then be crossed to transfer the required characters to the commercial cultivars if the two are crossable. In-vivo conservation is therefore, less cumbersome, economical, and more practical.
EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid. Keywords :
The Antiviral Effects of Curcumin Nanomicelles on the Attachment and Entry of Hepatitis C Virus

Background and Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, which causes approximately 500,000 deaths annually. HCV infection treatment is often associated with significant adverse effects. Curcumin is an active ingredient of turmeric which has therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases including infectious ones. Although curcumin is not soluble in water, if it is synthesized in the form of nanomicelles, it will be water soluble and can be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). In this study, the antiviral effects of curcumin nanomicelles were investigated on the attachment and entry of HCV particles. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of curcumin nanomicelles was determined in Huh7.5 cells and their antiviral effects on the attachment and entry of HCV was investigated in a cell culture system. Results: Curcumin nanomicelles could decrease the viral load in the cell culture supernatants compared to virus control. Conclusions: According to the results of this research, we determined the antiviral effects of curcumin nanomicelles in the later stages of HCV replication.
Enhancement of Transgene Expression by NF-Y and CTCF

If a transgene is effectively delivered to a cell, its expression may still be limited by epigenetic mechanisms that silence the transgene. Indeed, once the transgene reaches the nucleus, it may be bound by histone proteins and condensed into heterochromatin or associated with repressor proteins that block transcription. In this study, we sought to enhance transgene expression by adding binding motifs for several different epigenetic enzymes either upstream or downstream of two promoters (CMV and EF1α). Screening these plasmids revealed that luciferase expression was enhanced 10-fold by the addition of a CCAAT box just upstream of the EF1α promoter to recruit nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y), while inserting a CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) motif downstream of the EF1α promoter enhanced expression 14-fold (14.03 ± 6.54). ChIP assays confirmed that NF-Y and CTCF bound to the motifs that were added to each plasmid, but the presence of NF-Y and CTCF did not significantly affect the levels of histone acetylation (H3K9ac). Overall, these result show that transgene expression from the EF1α promoter can be significantly increased with motifs that recruit NF-Y or CTCF.
Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis UL719 et la nisine : une nouvelle approche dans le traitement des infections à Clostridium difficile

iv Table des matières . v Liste des tableaux . xi Liste des figures . xii Liste des abréviations . xv Remerciements . xvii Avant-propos . xix Introduction . 1 Chapitre 1 Revue de littérature . 3 1.1 Le microbiote gastro-intestinal . 3 1.1.1 La répartition des microorganismes dans le tractus gastro-intestinal . 3 1.1. 2 L’établissement et l’évolution du microbiote colique au cours du temps . 4 1.1. 3 Les facteurs qui influencent le développement du microbiote colique . 5 1.1. 3.1 Le mode d’accouchement et le terme à la naissance . 5 1.1. 3.2 Les habitudes alimentaires et d’hygiène . 6 1.1. 3.3 Le mode d’alimentation . 6 1.1. 3.4 L’usage d’antibiotiques . 7 1.1. 4 Les interactions du microbiote avec l’hôte . 7 1.1. 4.1 Le développement et la maturation du système immunitaire grâce au microbiote intestinal . 7 1.1. 4.2 La protection de l’hôte par le microbiote intestinal . 8 1.1. 4.3 Le développement de la structure et des fonctions normales du tractus gastrointestinal grâce au microbiote . 9 1.1. 4.4 La nutrition et le métabolisme . 10 1.1. 4.4.1 Le métabolisme des glucides . 10 1.1. 4.4.2 Le métabolisme des protéines . 11 1.1. 4.4.3 Le métabolisme des lipides . 12 1.1. 5 Techniques d’étude de la diversité bactérienne du microbiote intestinal . 12 1.1. 5.1 La PCR en temps réel (qPCR) . 14