Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Axis Quadcopter using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) based Labview

Quadcopter is a Miniature Aerial Vehicle (MAV) that has 4 propellers with the ability to take off, land vertically and the ability to negotiate a narrow space that allows it to be used in a messy indoor area. Because of this ability the quadcopter has recently been considered for various applications both in the military and civilian fields. In particular, quadcopter has been explored for applications such as surveillance and disaster exploration. Quadcopter is currently widely used because it has the ability to make movements that are difficult for other types of aircraft, as well as the ability to fly and land vertically in a narrow place with a complete system of rotor stability mechanisms. In this study an automatic simulation was carried out on a laptop with Labview-based programming software, the simulation in this study only used one angle on the quadcopter so that it only needed 2 motors as propeller drives or commonly called single axis quadcopter. An integral derivative (PID) controller for roll angle movement on a single shaft quadcopter is expected to be able to restore the roll position according to the setpoint and support to optimize. A control system is needed to adjust roll angle movement, so that it can move stably and be able to overcome a given disturbance. As a roll angle movement controller PID controller is used, whose parameters are determined by the Labview application program. This PID parameter in the program in Labview as well as experiment simulation. Based on the calculation results, get the value Kp = 0.8, Ki = 25, Kd = 0.004. The control system is able to reduce oscillation with a 2 degree error rate from the input. With the PID coefficient the system is able to restore the roll angle condition when given a simulation error. Keyword : Single Axis Quadcopter, Quadcopter, PID, roll, Labview 48 TELEKONTRAN, VOL. 4, NO. 2, OKTOBER 2016 I. PENDAHULUAN Quadcopter merupakan salah satu jenis pesawat tanpa awak yang memiliki empat balingbaling yang digerakan oleh empat buah motor. Keempat motor ini dapat dikendalikan kecepatannya secara terpisah, dua motor berputar searah jarum jam dan dua motor lain berputar berlawanan arah jarum jam. Helikopter merupakan salah satu alat transportasi udara yang menggunakan rotary wing untuk bergerak dan mampu untuk melayang di udara dalam posisi diam (hovering), namun memiliki kecepatan translasi yang lebih kecil. Helikopter konvensional dengan satu rotor utama dan satu rotor di ekor memiliki banyak sifat yang sama dengan quadcopter. Quadcopter tidak mempunyai bagian yang bergerak kecuali baling-baling yang digerakkan oleh motor, sedangkan helikopter konvensional membutuhkan hub kompleks untuk memutar sumbu motor agar dapat menginduksi
L'adaptation des virus de plantes aux résistances variétales

Les resistances genetiques ont permis de reduire fortement l'impact des maladies virales chez de nombreuses plantes cultivees. Leur introduction dans les varietes commerciales a ete facilitee par le controle genetique simple de beaucoup d'entre elles. Cependant, comme pour tout couple hote-parasite, les virus s'adaptent a ces resistances, meme si la durabilite de ces dernieres, c'est-a-dire le temps pendant lequel elles demeurent efficaces en condition de culture, est tres variable. Durant les deux dernieres decennies, l'application des methodes d'analyse genetique aux virus de plantes a permis de reveler les mecanismes moleculaires a l'origine de ces adaptations et laisse esperer des avancees prochaines dans la prediction de la durabilite des resistances. Si, a l'echelle de la plante, les mecanismes generant les variants viraux adaptes sont desormais identifies, les mecanismes impliques dans l'emergence de populations virales contournant ces resistances a l'echelle de l'agroecosysteme restent largement meconnus. Une meilleure comprehension de la valeur competitive des genotypes viraux, adaptes ou non aux resistances, pour l'infection de leurs plantes hotes et leur capacite de dissemination dans l'agroecosysteme est ainsi necessaire. Les difficultes de l'analyse experimentale de ces phenomenes imposent le recours a la modelisation mathematique pour definir par exemple des strategies spatiotemporelles optimales de deploiement des varietes cultivees.
Role of Adapter Function in Oncoprotein-mediated Activation of NF-κB

Mechanisms by which the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax oncoprotein activates NF-κB remain incompletely understood. Although others have described an interaction between Tax and a holo-IκB kinase (IKK) complex, the exact details of protein-protein contact are not fully defined. Here we show that Tax binds to neither IKK-α nor IKK-β but instead complexes directly with IKK-γ, a newly characterized component of the IKK complex. This direct interaction with IKK-γ correlates with Tax-induced IκB-α phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Thus, our findings establish IKK-γ as a key molecule for adapting an oncoprotein-specific signaling to IKK-α and IKK-β.
Utilización de Narración de Cuentos para motivar Programación - El uso del ambiente de programación Storytelling Alice para crear animaciones por computación inspira el interés de las chicas de la escuela media en aprender programación de computadoras.

El interés en ciencia de la computación de los estudiantes está decayendo en los EUA, así como también en otros países de todo el mundo. El Instituto de Investigación en Educación Superior encontró que la cantidad de ingresantes a educación superior que informan como probable especialización a informática cayó un 70% entre 2000 y 2005 en los EUA, y la encuesta Taulbee encontró que la matriculación en ciencia de la computación de las universidades que realizan investigación bajó en un 50% [10]. Mientras tanto, hemos encontrado que plantear a programación como un medio para lograr la narración de cuentos motiva a chicas de la escuela media (de 11 a 15 años de edad) para aprender a programar, incrementando potencialmente la cantidad y diversidad de alumnos que estudien ciencia de la computación.
Identification of Magnaporthe grisea avirulence genes to seven rice cultivars

To characterize the inheritance of avirulence in Magnaporthe grisea to specific rice cultivars, we performed a cross between two field isolates pathogenic to rice. Full-sib crosses followed by backcrosses enhanced the fertility of some matings so that tetrads could be isolated. Genetic analysis of avirulence to the rice cultivars Cica 6, Cica 8, DJ 8-341, IRAT7, Ku 86, Med Noi, and Tetep was performed with these crosses. Avirulence to rice cultivars DJ 8-341, IRAT 7, Ku 86, and Tetep is controlled by one gene []
Potencial germinativo de sementes de Aroeira Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. coletadas de população no cariri paraibano

A aroeira ( Myracrodruon urundeuva )e uma especie pioneira que apresenta ampla distribuicao geografica, podendo ser encontrada em rios, corregos, como tambem em terrenos secos e pedregosos. Na comunidade vegetal no Sitio Quixaba, Taperoa, PB, nao mais se observa uma quantidade grande de individuos como existia ha anos atras. Diante da importância que a especie possui, este trabalho visa avaliar o potencial germinativo de sementes provenientes de oito individuos coletadas em uma populacao vegetal localizada no Sitio Quixaba no municipio de Taperoa.PB. O experimento foi conduzido sob condicoes controladas (laboratorio/25oC) e nao controladas (viveiro). Foram avaliadas as seguintes caracteristicas: germinacao, indice de velocidade de germinacao (IVG) e tempo medio de germinacao, durante um periodo de 30 dias. Nas condicoes de viveiro, apos um periodo de 70 dias, foram avaliadas as seguintes variaveis: altura de plantas, numero de folhas, diâmetro de colo, massa seca de raiz e de parte aerea. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos (individuos) e quatro repeticoes de 25 sementes. Houve variacao na qualidade fisiologica das sementes provenientes dos individuos da populacao de aroeira localizada no Sitio Quixaba em Taperoa-PB; sugere-se que estudos fenologicos sejam desenvolvidos na populacao estudada e em outras existentes no Sitio Quixaba para entendimento do comportamento germinativo e de vigor das sementes.
Influence of primary reproductive investments on blood biochemistry, leukocyte profile, and body mass in a small Arctic seabird

ABSTRACT Growing evidence indicates that producing eggs may constitute a considerable cost of reproduction. If female parental care, which in many species exceeds male performance, is added to these initial costs, it may be concluded that females contribute more to reproduction than males. However, this additional burden on females should reduce their survival and skew the usually equal sex ratio, but this is generally not the case. A resolution of this apparent paradox requires studies estimating the parental investments of both sexes at different stages of breeding, with particular focus on the initial reproductive stage. In the present study, egg composition and its energetic value was estimated in the Dovekie (or Little Auk, Alle alle), a seabird exhibiting bi-parental care except for the end of the chick-rearing period, when the female deserts the brood while the male continues the feeding and escorts the chick during fledging. Condition estimates (size-adjusted body mass and several hematological and biochemical parameters, including concentrations of hemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as the leukocyte profile) were also examined in both sexes during the prelaying, laying/relaying, and chick-rearing periods. The egg composition and its energy content indicate that the energetic demands of egg production are not as high as previously assumed, and the non-resource–based costs in females seem to be similar to those experienced by males during the mating period (nest site and/or paternity guarding). However, it was also found that females had lower body mass than males throughout the whole breeding season, suggesting overall female-biased costs of reproduction despite very similar parental performance. This suggests that females are more susceptible to the negative effects of reproduction. If so, their earlier brood desertion may be a response to the additive costs of parental investments.
Molecular and palaeoecological evidence for multiple glacial refugia for evergreen oaks on the Iberian Peninsula

Aim A multiple glacial refugia hypothesis for Mediterranean plant species was tested with the evergreen Quercus complex (Quercus suber L., Quercus ilex L. and Quercus coccifera L.) from the Iberian Peninsula, using molecular and palaeobotanical data.
Light and electron microscopic investigations on the endocrine pancreas in Angora rabbit.

Bu calismada, Ankara tavsanlarinin (10 adet, saglikli ve eriskin) endokrin pankreasi histokimyasal ve elektron mikroskobik olarak incelendi. Tavsanlardan alinan pankreas ornekleriBouin, Carnoy ve gluteraldehit-paraformaldehit solusyonlarinda tespit edildi. Aldehit fuksin light green orange G (AF) ile histokimyasal olarak boyanan pankreas kesitlerinde 2 tip endokrin hucre belirlenmesine ragmen, elektron mikroskobik incelemelerde endokrin adaciklarin A, B ve D hucrelerinden olustugu gozlendi.Langerhans adaciklarinin merkezinde mor-menekse boyanan cok sayida B hucrelerinin ve periferinde sarimsi-yesil boyanan az sayida A hucrelerinin bulundugu saptandi. Elektron mikroskobik olarak, A hucrelerinin salgi granulu genellikle yuvarlak ve elektron cok yogun iken, B hucrelerinin sitoplazmasinda salgi icerigi ile salgi membrani arasinda belirgin bosluk bulunan elektron cok yogun ve elektron az yogun granuller tespit edildi. D hucrelerinin de elektron cok yogun ve elektron az yogun materyale sahip yuvarlak 2 cesit granul icerdigi ancak, bu granullerin A ve B hucrelerinin granullerinden daha kucuk oldugu gozlendi. Bu calismanin sonucunda, Ankara tavsani endokrin pankreasinin cok sayida B hucreleri, az sayida A hucreleri ve cok az sayida da D hucrelerinden olustugu saptandi
Comportamiento de indicadores del suelo y del pastizal en un sistema silvopastoril de Leucaena leucocephala/Cynodon nlemfuensis con ganado vacuno en desarrollo

Se desarrollo una investigacion en areas del Instituto de Ciencia Animal, con el objetivo de caracterizar un sistema silvopastoril para la produccion de ganado en desarrollo, basado en Cynodon nlemfuensis, como pasto base, y Leucaena leucocephala. Durante los anos 2002, 2003 y 2007, se realizo la evaluacion del sistema, el cual se encuentra ubicado en un suelo pardo mullido carbonatado. Se escogieron dos cuartones representativos, en los que se midio composicion botanica, densidad y frecuencia de aparicion de las especies, disponibilidad de biomasa, tamizado en seco y en humedo, resistencia a la penetracion, estabilidad estructural, valor N y fitomasa subterranea. Para el muestreo de suelo en cada cuarton se abrio una calicata, de donde se tomaron dos muestras inalteradas, para las profundidades de 0 a 15 cm, de 16 a 30 cm y mas de 30 cm, respectivamente. Mediante el analisis de componentes principales se determinaron los indicadores que mejor explicaron la variabilidad en el sistema. Entre las variables evaluadas, en el componente vegetal, las de mayor peso fueron el porcentaje de leguminosas naturales, las malezas, el pasto estrella y la disponibilidad de biomasa. En el suelo estuvieron la resistencia a la penetracion, entre 20 y 30 cm de profundidad, la estabilidad estructural, los agregados, en humedo, mayores de 5 mm, y menores de 1mm de diametro, y el valor N. Ademas, el suelo se determino como arcilloso. Se mantuvo como pasto base predominante C. nlemfuensis, con valores superiores a 52 %, mientras que las leguminosas naturales mostraron descenso progresivo entre los anos evaluados. Las malezas oscilaron entre 21 y 35 % en su composicion botanica, lo que indico la necesidad de mejorar el sistema de manejo. Los agregados en humedo, mayores de 5 mm, y menores de 1 mm de diametro, disminuyeron entre anos. Esto, unido al incremento de la estabilidad estructural y mejora del valor N, asi como al comportamiento positivo .
In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Mondia whitei (Hook. f.) Skeels

Mondia whitei (Periplocaceae)is an aromatic plant used as aphrodisiac and for the treatment of urinary infection, jaundice, headache and diarrhoea in Nigeria. The plant was screened for phytochemical components using standard techniques. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the plant were evaluated. The free radical scavenging activity was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antimicrobial activity of M. whitei extracts against nine clinical isolates was determined by agar well diffusion method. Data were statistically analysed. The root was richer in saponins and tannins than the leaf whereas the leaf contained more flavonoids. The root gave 47.23% inhibition against DPPH+. There was positive correlation between the polyphenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the plant parts. At 300mg/ml, the water extracts of both the leaf and root were more active than the ethanolic extracts. The higher antimicrobial activity of the water extract could be attributed to the solubility of active constituents of the plant in water. The root showed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than the leaf. M. whitei root could be very effective in the management of metabolic and infectious diseases. However, toxicological studies will confirm its safety in administration.
Transgenesis as a Tool to Reduce Parasite -Vector Interaction: a Review on the Progress for the Use of Genetically Manipulated Anopheles Mosquitoes to Control Malaria

Malaria kills millions of people every year, imposing major economic and social burdens. Despite many efforts the classical control interventions which focus mainly on vector management and treatment of affected individuals with drugs. These interventions have proven inadequate to stop the transmission of Plasmodium parasites, subsequently the spread of malaria by Anopheles mosquitoes. The progressive numbers of insecticide-resistant insects and drug-resistant parasites have led to the search for a novel arsenal of strategies for inhibiting Plasmodium infection of mosquitoes. This work reviews current knowledge on genetic manipulation in mosquitoes that holds promise for development of transgenic mosquito refractory to malaria parasites transmission.
Studies on the Physiology of the Maternal Placenta in the Rat

Although a great many investigators have made adequate studies on the maternal placenta from the morphogenetic point of view, little attention has so far been given to the humoral conditions which make the formation of the placenta materna possible. Experimental investigations of the problems of placental physiology have as yet been few, and leave unanswered many important questions. Which are the factors determining the life span of the placenta, and what is responsible for its ageing ? In what way are the pregnancy changes influenced by the three structures —maternal placenta, foetal placenta, and embryo—present during gestation, and what is the role of each ? Recent advances in the physiology of reproduction have made it possible to attempt the elucidation of these problems under unusually favourable conditions. Of great importance was the observation of Leo Loeb that the maternal placenta could be produced experimentally in the rodent. Furthermore, we have reported experiments which showed that the embryos could be removed from the pregnant rat and mouse without interfering with the development of either the foetal or the maternal placenta. These facts, together with the important progress of the past few years in the physiology of the female sex hormones in general, have formed the basis for our present studies, and have enabled us to elucidate some of the problems indicated above.
Predicting changes in food energy requirements due to genetic changes in growth and body composition of growing ruminants

Incorporation of food intake into breeding objectives for ruminants is often difficult because the relevant genetic parameters are unavailable. A non-statistical approach to estimating the genetic relationships between food costs and genetic changes in growth and body composition traits was therefore developed. Equations which predict additional food requirements associated with genetic changes in growth and body composition traits are derived from an interspecies growth model. In the growth model, a genotype is mainly described according to its expected mature weights of protein, lipid and a composition trait of interest in the empty body under non-limiting conditions. Other model parameters describe the expected growth of the animal in a specific environment. An example is shown for beef cattle in the United Kingdom, where increases in carcass weight by 1 kg and carcass subcutaneous fat proportion by 0·01 result in increases in food costs by £0·97 and £7·34 respectively for a production system where animals are given an intensive silage/concentrate diet, are slaughtered at 305 kg and have a commercial fat grade 4L. A strong dependence of the results on the type of production system, especially the degree of maturity in protein at slaughter, is demonstrated. The model is easily adapted to other breeds and ruminant species. The approach is recommended for incorporating food intake into breeding objectives for ruminants in situations where reliable estimates of the necessary genetic parameters for a more conventional specification of the breeding objective are unavailable.
Dry wildebeest carcasses in the African savannah: the utilization of a unique resource

Utilization of dry wildebeest carcasses by spotted hyaena in an African savannah setting is investigated. Four transects of varying length (3–10 km) were located in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. Measuring carcass weight changes biweekly over a period of 9 months monitored hyaena use of dry wildebeest carcasses. Nutrient quality of dry carcasses (skin and bone) and of flesh was analysed in the laboratory using the material collected in the field. Contrary to common expectation, carcass weight change was significantly higher when the migrants were present in the Reserve than when they were absent in all transects monitored. This is thought to indicate greater carcass utilization during periods of relative prey scarcity caused by the migratory herd movements within the Reserve, and perhaps, the territorial nature of spotted hyaenas. Nutrient analysis indicated that dry carcasses contain significant amounts of protein, carbohydrates and minerals, although lacking in fats compared with flesh. The opportunistic nature and evolution of a digestive physiology in this species capable of utilizing dry carcasses appears to have important adaptive value in an environment frequented by thousands of migrant herbivores for short periods every year. Resume L’utilisation des carcasses seches de gnous par l’hyene tachetee est etudiee dans un environnement de savane africaine. Quatre transects de longueur variable (de 3 a 10 km) ont ete choisis dans la Reserve Nationale de Masai Mara, au Kenya. On a suivi l’utilisation des carcasses par les hyenes en mesurant les changements de poids des carcasses toutes les deux semaines pendant neuf mois. Les qualites nutritionnelles des carcasses seches (peau et os) et de la viande ont ete analysees en laboratoire en se servant de materiel preleve sur le terrain. Contrairement a ce que l’on aurait attendu, le changement de poids des carcasses etait significativement plus eleve lorsque les migrateurs etaient presents dans la reserve que lorsqu’ils etaient absents de tous les transects controles. On pense que cela indique une plus forte utilisation des carcasses au cours des periodes ou les proies sont relativement rares en raison des deplacements migratoires des troupeaux dans la reserve, et peut-etre aussi la nature territoriale des hyenes tachetees. L’analyse nutritionnelle indiquait que les carcasses seches contiennent des quantites significatives de proteines, d’hydrates de carbone et de sels mineraux, mais qu’elles manquent de graisses si on les compare a la viande. La nature opportuniste et l’evolution de la physiologie digestive de cette espece capable d’utiliser des carcasses dessechees semblent avoir une importante valeur d’adaptation dans un environnement frequente pendant de courtes periodes chaque annee par des milliers d’herbivores migrateurs.
Efecto de Beauveria bassiana y Beauveria brongniartii en el control de moscas (Musca domestica) en condiciones de laboratorio y en galpones avícolas

*Autor de correspondencia: covaordaz@yahoo.es Se realizo un experimento en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela con el objetivo de evaluar en condiciones de laboratorio y en galpones avicolas la patogenicidad de Beauveria brongniartii (cepa LF-05) y Beauveria bassiana (LF-08) sobre Musca domestica. Se determino que a la dosis de 1,2 x 107 conidiosporas/mL para B. brongniartii y B. bassiana los tiempos letales (TL50 y TL95) fueron 5 y 9 dias y 5 y 6 dias, respectivamente. En condiciones de campo las esporas de B. brongniartii y B. bassiana fueron nebulizadas en el interior de galpones de cria de pollos con una densidad de 7 pollos/m2, a dosis de 9 x 107 conidias/mL en 15L de agua por cada 1200 m2; el porcentaje de reduccion poblacional despues de nebulizar una vez por semana, durante tres semanas, fue de 13, 99 y 100% para B. brongniartii y -35, 91 y 100% para B. bassiana.