Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Between the Too Narrow and Too Wide Diagnostic Criteria

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, modified for DSM-IV and ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10-DCR), was administered to 73 consecutive patients with agoraphobia/panic disorder in order to determine diagnostic agreement for comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) between DSM-IV and ICD-10-DCR and reexamine the GAD symptom structure and significance of each symptom as diagnostic criterion for GAD. The diagnostic agreement for GAD (kappa) was 0.86. The analysis of the frequency of GAD symptoms in 45 patients suggests that in order to better differentiate GAD from depression and other anxiety disorders, a diagnostic conceptualization of GAD may be improved with the requirement of the presence of at least 4 of the 7 first-rank symptoms (pertaining to tension, vigilance and scanning) and 1 of the 5 second-rank symptoms (pertaining to physiological hyperarousal).
A Plasmonic Sensor Array with Ultrahigh Figures of Merit and Resonance Linewidths down to 3 nm

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are extremely sensitive to the surrounding refractive index and have found important applications in ultrasensitive label‐free sensing. Reducing the linewidth of an SPP mode is an effective way to improve the figure of merit (FOM) and hence the sensitivity of the plasmonic mode. Many efforts have been devoted to achieving a narrow linewidth by mode coupling, which inevitably results in an asymmetrical lineshape compromising the performance. Instead, the SPP modes are directly narrowed by elaborately engineering periodic plasmonic structures with minimized feature sizes to effectively reduce the radiative losses. A narrow linewidth smaller than 8 nm is achieved over a wide wavelength ranging from 600 to 960 nm and a minimum full width at half maximum of 3 nm at 960 nm. Benefiting from the almost perfect Lorentzian lineshape and the extremely narrow linewidth, a record FOM value of 730 is obtained. The sensor is capable of detecting bovine serum albumin with an ultralow concentration of 10−10m. The sensor has great potential for practical application for its ultrahigh FOM, broad working wavelength, and ease of high‐throughput fabrication.
Secondary Cancers in the Prostate Do Not Determine PSA Biochemical Failure in Untreated Men Undergoing Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

486 of 559 prostates at Stanford operated between January 1, 1992 and January 1, 1996 were available for analysis. Exclusions included men with missing data, inadequate PSA follow-up, any hormonal therapy, and 38 (6.8%) who had independent cancers of similar size. All prostates were sectioned by the Stanford technique of 3-mm step sections. After ink-marking all normal structures in each step section, the borders of all cancers were carefully ink-dotted, copied onto tracing paper, and the volume of all independent cancers determined by image analysis. We estimated the % Gleason grade 4/5 cancer in each tumor, multiplying it by cancer volume to derive the cm3 of grade 4/5 cancer, and its derivative the cm3 of Gleason grades 3, 2, and 1 cancers.
Revealing the interfaces of the hybrid system MgO/Co/GaAs(0 0 1): a structural and chemical investigation with XPS and XPD

Bcc metals and MgO are used in technological research for building magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), because they yield a high tunnel magnetoresistance. Thin insulating barriers are of great importance in realizing MTJs. Combined with electrons spin-injected into GaAs, tunneled electrons can be detected and manipulated. We report on a synchrotron radiation based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron diffraction study on the system MgO/Co(bcc)/GaAs(0 0 1) for ultra-low Co and MgO coverages (tCo=12 ML, tMgO⩽5 ML). As a result, we obtain a Co3Ga alloy at the Co/GaAs interface in the rare D03 structure. This structure is only 6.07 Å thick, and serves as a template for the metastable Co(bcc) structure. Co(bcc) itself grows heavily distorted in the (0 0 1) direction for the first two unit cells, due to the D03 template. The MgO/Co interface reveals a weak bonding between MgO and Co(bcc) without Co oxidation, since no compound formation was observed. Additionally, MgO grows in an amorphous phase for a thickness of tMgO⩽4 ML. At tMgO=5 ML, it crystallizes in a compressed unit cell where every second layer is shifted toward the (0 0 1) direction compared to the bulk halite structure.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of low-flow carotid-cavernous fistulae: results in a series of 25 cases.

25 patients with low-flow carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) underwent radiosurgery between 1977 and 1992. 22 had spontaneous low flow fistulae and 3 traumatic high flow fistulae which had been previously treated with internal carotid trapping. The mean preoperative symptomatic period was 12.2 months (4-24 months). Fistulae were classified according to Barrow's classification. Type T was added for traumatic, high-flow fistulae with flow reduction after internal carotid trapping. 11 cases were of type B, 4 of type C, 7 of type D and 3 of type T. The target point for radiosurgery was calculated from selective internal or external carotid angiograms. Stereotactic radiosurgery was performed with a cobalt source, with 5- to 10-mm collimators. A total dose of 30-40 Gy was delivered in all cases, except 1 posttraumatic case in which the dose was 20 Gy. The follow-up period ranged between 14 years and 15 months (mean: 49.76 months). 20 of the 22 low flow fistulae (90.9%) completely closed in a mean period of 7.5 months (range: 2-20 months) after radiosurgery. Improvement of the symptoms began at a mean period of 2.37 months (range: 0.5-14 months). There were no recurrences, the follow-up period ranging between 14 years and 15 months. 100% of type B CCF closed after a mean period of 5.9 months, 75% of type C closed after a mean period of 12.66 months, and 85.7% of cases of type D closed after a mean period of 8.16 months. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Central Nervous System Polypharmacy on Falls Liability in Community-Dwelling Elderly

Background: While central nervous system (CNS) active medications such as psychotropics and narcotic analgesics have been implicated in contributing to falls in older adults, the combined effect of multiple CNS-active medications has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence, in community-dwelling elderly, of (1) taking multiple CNS-active medications on fall liability and (2) individual classes of CNS-active medications (using discrete drug classification) on the risk of falls after controlling for important confounders – age, mobility, cognition and depression. Methods: 305 community-dwelling male veterans (age: 70–104) were screened at study entry for mobility, cognition and depression. CNS-active medications were categorized as benzodiazepines, other sedative-hypnotics, neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants, and opioid analgesics. Subjects were prospectively followed for 6 months to monitor falls; at the end of this time period, subjects were classified as fallers (at least one fall) or nonfallers. The relationship between CNS-active drug use and falls was examined using multivariable analyses. Results: The risk of falls was significantly greater in CNS-active medication users as compared with nonusers. Adjusted odds ratio for one CNS-active drug was 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.07–2.22) and for two or more agents 2.37 (95% confidence interval 1.14–4.94). Conclusions: In community-dwelling elderly, the use of multiple CNS-active medications is associated with enhanced falls liability, over and above the use of one CNS-active drug alone. This apparent dose-response relationship provides support for causality.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptors Are Expressed by the Enteroendocrine Cell Line STC-1: Relationship with Proliferation and Cholecystokinin Expression

Receptors for insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) are expressed in mammalian intestinal epithelium. No information on the presence of IGF receptors in intestinal endocrine cells is available. We tested for IGF-I receptors the endocrine cell line STC-1, which synthesizes and processes cholecystokinin (CCK) among other peptides, and assessed the effects of IGF-I on cell growth and CCK content. Cell monolayers in serum-free culture medium specifically bound [125I]IGF-I. Scatchard analysis was consistent with a single class of high affinity binding sites (KD = 0.91 nM; Bmax = 4,700 sites/cell). In competitive binding assays, unlabeled IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin displaced in a dose-dependent manner [125I]IGF-I binding with the following potencies (KI): IGF-I (0.74 nM) > IGF-II (3 nM) >> insulin (1 µM). Affinity cross-linking with [125I]IGF-I using disuccinimidyl suberate and SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions yielded a polypeptide band with apparent Mr 130,000, consistent with the α-subunit of the IGF-I receptor. IGF-I and IGF-II (0.3–30 nM) dose-dependently stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation, with a maximal response of 110% above basal. IGF-II was approximately 10-fold less potent than IGF-I, suggesting a mediation through IGF-I receptors. In addition, the numbers of cells treated with 3 nM IGF-I amounted to 116, 130 and 159% of control values after 1, 2 and 4 days of incubation, respectively (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the cell CCK contents was observed after a 48-hour exposure to 3 or 30 nM IGF-I. These results demonstrate IGF-I receptor expression by the enteroendocrine cell line STC-1. IGF-I stimulates proliferation in short-term experiments, and increases intracellular levels of CCK.
Preferential Distribution of Boron to Developing Tissues Is Mediated by the Intrinsic Protein OsNIP31[OPEN]

Boron is preferentially delivered in rice to developing tissues by OsNIP3;1 located in the nodes, which is regulated at both the transcriptional and protein levels in response to external boron concentration. Boron is especially required for the growth of meristem and reproductive organs, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the preferential distribution of B to these developing tissues are poorly understood. Here, we show evidence that a member of nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP), OsNIP3;1, is involved in this preferential distribution in rice (Oryza sativa). OsNIP3;1 was highly expressed in the nodes and its expression was up-regulated by B deficiency, but down-regulated by high B. OsNIP3;1 was polarly localized at the xylem parenchyma cells of enlarged vascular bundles of nodes facing toward the xylem vessels. Furthermore, this protein was rapidly degraded within a few hours in response to high B. Knockout of this gene hardly affected the uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of B, but altered B distribution in different organs in the above-ground parts, decreased distribution of B to the new leaves, and increased distribution to the old leaves. These results indicate that OsNIP3;1 located in the nodes is involved in the preferential distribution of B to the developing tissues by unloading B from the xylem in rice and that it is regulated at both transcriptional and protein level in response to external B level.
Development of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in the Neonatal Rat

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) represent acoustic energy generated by the cochlear amplifier which contributes to auditory sensitivity and frequency discrimination. Therefore the OAEs can serve as a noninvasive tool to study the cochlear amplifier. While transient evoked OAEs (TEOAEs) are generally recorded clinically in man, it has been difficult to record them in animals and instead cubic distortion product OAEs (DPOAEs) have been experimentally studied in animals. In a previous study, we perfected a method of recording TEOAEs routinely in rats and this technique was used here to study the development of OAEs in neonatal rats. TEOAEs were recorded and compared to the DPOAEs on several postnatal days. With increasing postnatal age, TEOAE peak-to-peak amplitude and spectral energy in the 2- to 4-kHz band increased, their threshold decreased and their input-output functions became less monotonic with a change in slope (notch and/or plateau) in the mid-intensity region. The DPOAEs to higher frequencies appeared first, then the TEOAEs, followed by the DPOAEs to lower frequencies. With age, their amplitude also increased, thresholds decreased and a notch appeared in their input-output functions. The TEOAEs were measurable during the continuum of the appearance of the DPOAEs and the developmental sequences of both types of OAEs were similar. This may be evidence that similar mechanisms account for their maturation which probably initially involves a reduction in the air-bone gap with maturation of the outer and middle ears, and then elevation of the endocochlear potential and additional micromechanical maturations.
A Millimeter-Wave Self-Mixing Array With Large Gain and Wide Angular Receiving Range

The concept of self-mixing antenna arrays is presented and analyzed with respect to its beneficial behavior of large gain over a wide angular range. The large gain is attained by an antenna array with large element spacing, where all array element signals are combined approximately coherently over the entire angular receiving range. This functionality is achieved by the self-mixing principle, where an exact description via an intermediate frequency (IF) array factor is derived. For verification purposes, a $4\times 2$ self-mixing array is fabricated and measured in the frequency range from 34 to 39 GHz. A multiple-resonance millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna has been especially developed to achieve large bandwidth and a wide angular receiving range. The broad beamwidth is achieved by two parasitic patches and suitable radiation characteristics of the resonant modes. The self-mixing of the receive signal is realized at each antenna element by a Schottky diode with an optimized operating point. The down-converted array element signals are then combined and measured at the IF. The receive power is increased significantly over a large angular range compared with conventional array feeding techniques. The simulation results are verified by measurements, which show very good agreement.
Dietary Variation in Diana Monkeys (Cercopithecus diana): The Effects of Polyspecific Associations

Establishing dietary central tendencies and extremes remains an important goal of primate research. While habitat differences and spatial discontinuity are well-documented contributors to dietary variation, other factors including polyspecific associations may significantly impact diet through changes in strata use and/or increased feeding competition. Here, we examine polyspecific association with closely related species as a source of dietary variation in a rain forest primate. Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) in Côte d'Ivoire's Taï Forest frequently participate in mixed-species groups. We use data collected over a 5-year period on 4 Diana monkey groups to examine how association affects group diets. Groups exhibited significant differences in association rates with other guenon species, but this minimally influenced diet when food categories (fruit, invertebrates, leaves) were compared: diet overlap of 4 groups across the study period ranges from 90.8 to 98.1%. Examination of species composition within food categories is more revealing: intergroup dietary overlap decreases to 69.8-79.4% across the study period when comparing species contributing to total frugivory and folivory. These data support earlier findings that Diana monkeys maintain fruit-rich diets by competitively excluding sympatric congeners while highlighting that even selective frugivores such as Diana monkeys may exhibit remarkable dietary flexibility. Our study underscores the fact that broad categorical labels can obscure significant dietary differences.
Interference of Light

When plane waves come in contact with a barrier that is not significantly larger than their wavelength, the waves spread out into spherical waves (figure 1). The effect is to allow waves to spread out in all directions from the edges of the barrier, a phenomenon called diffraction. This spreading enables the waves to “go around corners”. If two or more rays pass through the same point in space at the same time, they interact with each other. Of special interest is the case in which light passes through slits in a barrier. At any point in space beyond the slits, the local oscillation of the electric field (and the magnetic field, too) will be the result of the sum (or superposition) of the waves from each slit. Such interaction is called interference. Interference may be constructive or destructive. In destructive interference, the peak of one wave meets with the trough of another wave (the two waves are said to be 1/2 wavelength out
Immunohistochemical Study of E–cadherin and ZO–1 in Allergic Nasal Epithelium of the Guinea Pig

Nasal epithelial damage during allergic inflammation was studied by observing the distribution of cell adhesion molecule E–cadherin and tight junction (zonula occludens) cell–cell contact associated protein ZO–1. The guinea pig model of nasal allergy, sensitized with intraperitoneally administered ovalbumin (OA) and subsequently challenged with OA intranasally, was used. In control epithelium, E–cadherin immunoreactivity was detected continuously along neighboring epithelial cell borders. ZO–1 spot–like immunoreactivity was detected in the apicolateral portion of epithelial cells corresponding to the tight junction (TJ) position, but no changes in immunoreactivity were found between control and challenged epithelia. In the challenged epithelium of sensitized animals, marked infiltration of eosinophils and structural changes, such as widening of the intercellular spaces and detachment of adjacent epithelial cells, were observed concurrently. In addition, spots negative for E–cadherin immunoreactivity were noted in the epithelium, associated with the extracellular deposition of eosinophil granule proteins. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed a decrease or disappearance of E–cadherin immunoreactivity, which took place not only in regions where intercellular spaces were wide and adjacent epithelial cells were detached, but also at the point of contact between infiltrating eosinophils and epithelial cells. Approximately 87% of eosinophils observed in the challenged epithelium were associated with such loss of E–cadherin immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the intimate epithelial cell contact mediated by E–cadherin is loosened as a consequence of eosinophil infiltration, which may trigger the initial step of subsequent epithelial destruction in allergic states.
Case - Bladder paraganglioma in a pediatric patient.

A 12-year-old boy presented with a two-day history of gross hematuria and vomiting. Further questioning revealed a oneyear history of position-induced paroxysmal headaches, polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, dehydration, and lethargy. He denied any syncopal episodes, palpitations, night sweats, blurry vision, or anxiety attacks. He was noted to have normal pubertal development. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, and showed an 8.1 x 7.5 cm bladder mass on the posterior bladder wall with hypervascular components (Fig. 1). The patient was brought to the operating theater for cystoscopy, which revealed a large, necrotic mass on the postero-lateral bladder wall. Bladder biopsy was performed. There were significant blood pressure fluctuations during the biopsy. Final pathology reported the mass to be a bladder paraganglioma (PGL). The patient received a two-week course of alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin and amlodipine for blood pressure control prior to definitive surgery. Echocardiogram did not reveal significant cardiomyopathy. Positron emission/ computed tomography (PET/CT) scan showed no evidence of metastatic disease, but avid F18-fludeoxyglucose ([F-18] FDG) uptake was noted at the tumour site (Fig. 2).
Blood lipid profile in hemodialysis patients treated with human erythropoietin.

Dr. Olivier Mat, Service de Dialyse, Institut Medico-Chirurgical, 80, Chaussée de St-Amand, B-7500 Tournai (Belgium) Sir, Hyperlipidemia is common among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, usually characterized by elevated triglycer-ides and cholesterol levels, an increase in very-low-density lipoprotein and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a type IV hyperlipidemia, independent of years on hemodialysis [1]. All patients have an increase ( > 1) in the ratio of serum apolipoprotein B to serum apolipoprotein Al. This abnormality may represent a possible mechanism for accelerated atherosclerosis. During human recombinant erythropoie-tin (rHuEpo) treatment, increased food intake, anabolic effect and tissue oxygenation can influence lipid metabolism [2]. For these reasons it would be interesting to know if long-term treatment with rHuEpo could induce changes in the lipid profile of hemodialysis patients [3], Lipid patterns in 24 hemodialysis patients (sex ratio: 15/9) were analyzed before and 9-36 months (19.2 ± 7.3) after rHuEpo administration 100 U/kg/HD (hemodialysis). They were dialyzed from 6 to 90 months (46.3 ± 26.3) and all had a good response to rHuEpo. Dry weight, blood pressure and glucose levels did not change significantly throughout this period. The dialytic program was unchanged and drugs with known influence on lipid metabolism were avoided. Blood samples were collected immediately before dialysis treatment after a 12-hour fast. Cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins Al and B were measured and the results presented in figure 1. We conclude that long-term treatment with rHuEpo does not significantly change lipid blood values in hemodialysis patients. No difference was seen according sex, years on hemodialysis and dialysate buffer composition (acetate or bicarbonate).
Post‐translational modifications as key regulators of apicomplexan biology: insights from proteome‐wide studies

Parasites of the Apicomplexa phylum, such as Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, undergo complex life cycles involving multiple stages with distinct biology and morphologies. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation, regulate numerous cellular processes, playing a role in every aspect of cell biology. PTMs can occur on proteins at any time in their lifespan and through alterations of target protein activity, localization, protein–protein interactions, among other functions, dramatically increase proteome diversity and complexity. In addition, PTMs can be induced or removed on changes in cellular environment and state. Thus, PTMs are likely to be key regulators of developmental transitions, biology and pathogenesis of apicomplexan parasites. In this review we examine the roles of PTMs in both parasite‐specific and conserved eukaryotic processes, and the potential crosstalk between PTMs, that together regulate the intricate lives of these protozoa.