Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMR Data Analysis: A Time-Domain Parametric Approach Using Adaptive Subband Decomposition

This paper presents a fast time-domain data analysis method for one- and two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, assuming Lorentzian lineshapes, based on an adaptive spectral decomposition. The latter is achieved through successive filtering and decimation steps ending up in a decomposition tree. At each node of the tree, the parameters of the corresponding subband signal are estimated using some high-resolution method. The resulting estimation error is then processed through a stopping criterion which allows one to decide whether the decimation should be carried on or not. Thus the method leads to an automated selection of the decimation level and consequently to a signal-adaptive decomposition. Moreover, it enables one to reduce the processing time and makes the choice of usual free parameters easier, comparatively to the case where the whole signal is processed at once. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated using 1-D and 2-D 13 C NMR signals.
Colour Vision and Seeing Colours

Colour vision plays a foundational explanatory role in the philosophy of colour, and serves as perennial quarry in the wider philosophy of perception. I present two contributions to our understanding of this notion. The first is to develop a constitutive approach to characterizing colour vision. This approach seeks to comprehend the nature of colour vision qua psychological kind, as contrasted with traditional experiential approaches, which prioritize descriptions of our ordinary visual experience of colour. The second contribution is to argue that colour vision does not constitutively involve the ability to see colours, in a natural and categorically committed sense. I argue that two subjects exactly alike in respect of their constitutive colour vision abilities could differ in respect of whether or not they have categorical perception of colour. The argument is supported by thought experiment and dissociations observed in cognitive neuropsychology. The argument also bears connections to recent neo-Whorfian accounts of colour categorization. 1. Introduction 2. Colour Vision, Experience, and Natures 3. The Central Argument 3.1. Colour constancy and discrimination 3.2. Dissociating colour vision and categorical perception for colour 4. Whorf and the View from Cognitive Neuropsychology 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction 2. Colour Vision, Experience, and Natures 3. The Central Argument 3.1. Colour constancy and discrimination 3.2. Dissociating colour vision and categorical perception for colour 3.1. Colour constancy and discrimination 3.2. Dissociating colour vision and categorical perception for colour 4. Whorf and the View from Cognitive Neuropsychology 5. Conclusion
Rumor Propagation Model on Complex Network with Repast Simulation Platform

Considering propagation characteristics of rumor on complex networks, this paper presents a rumor propagation model on complex network with Repast simulation platform. We introduce the structure and the main class library of Repast simulation platform. Then we build an efficient model based on the multi-agent modeling method. Through the model, we simulate the behavior of rumor propagation on scale-free network and calculate the propagation thresholds by corresponding dynamics equation. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show some basic rules and behavior characteristics of rumor propagation. Finally, we put forward some strategy and measures for prevention and control rumors. Keywords-rumor propagation; repast; complex networks; multi-agent modeling
Determination of effective praziquantel dose in different mouse strains: BALB/c and Swiss mice in treatment of Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease, second to malaria, affecting human’s tropics and sub-tropics. The disease condition varies in severity depending on parasite species and strain, organ system infected, geographical region, genetic constitution of the individual and nutritional status. The drug praziquantel has been the choice of drug for the treatment of schistosomisias; however, the effective dose, 450 mg/kg body weight, which is currently being used, is not able to clear the worms completely. This work sought to determine the effective dose of praziquantel in different mouse strains of which the results can be applied in human treatment. Experimental groups comprising of twelve mice and eighteen for the infected control groups were designed for both BALB/c and Swiss mice. At four weeks post infection, mice were treated with varying dosages of praziquantel namely PZQ 1350, PZQ 900, PZQ 450 mg/kg body weight. At week 6, all mice were perfused to recover adult worms. Gross pathology and histopathology of the liver tissue were examined. Serum samples were collected to determine immunological responses in all the groups at week 4 and 6. Schistosomule soluble protein (SSP) and schistosomule warm antigen preparation (SWAP) specific antibody ELISA were done. Results indicated that in the experimental groups PZQ 1350 mg/kg body weight had few numbers of worms recovered in BALB/c and Swiss mice, that is, 30.30 and 34.08%, respectively, and a high worm reduction, that is, 69.70 and 65.92% respectively. The SSP and SWAP specific IgG responses were high due to synergistic effect between the drug and immune responses. Granuloma formation was greatly reduced in PZQ 1350 mg/kg body weight group in comparison to other treatments. The findings of this study imply that the higher the dosage of praziquantel, the more the protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection, since PZQ 1350 indicated better responses in worm recovery, worm reduction, immunological response and pathology compared to other dosages. These results may be incorporated into the design of a more effective dose; however, the toxicity of the high dose should be investigated. The findings also indicate that Swiss mouse was a better permissive host than BALB/c, as it allowed more parasites to mature instead of destroying them. Hence, it is a better model in schistosomiasis experimental studies. Key words: Schistosomiasis, praziquantel, mice, pathology.
Father/baby Bonding: Impact of Vulnerability to Stress

Problem Statement: The transition to parenthood is considered normal; however, it includes the need for parental adjustment. Sometimes this transition can be disturbing and induce high levels of stress. Research Questions: How is bonding between the father and baby influenced by vulnerability to stress? Purpose of the Study: To identify the establishment of bonding between father and baby and to analyse how their emotional involvement can be influenced by vulnerability to stress. Research Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive-correlational and explanatory study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample (N= 349 fathers), with a mean age of 31.84 years (SD= 6.067). Data is collected by a questionnaire applied up to 48 hours after birth, including sociodemographic, parent involvement and obstetric characterisation, the Bonding Scale (Figueiredo, et al., 2005) and the Vulnerability to Stress Scale ‐ 23 QVS (Vaz Serra, 2000). Findings: younger participants, who became fathers for the first time, were involved in the pregnancy and spoke with the baby during the gestational period demonstrated higher levels of positive bonding. It is not clear that those who monitored labour and picked up the child after birth showed high levels of bonding. Functional inhibition and dependency is the only factor which predicts vulnerability to stress. Conclusions: Bonding is a complex process which may be influenced by context and degree of involvement during pregnancy and childbirth. Vulnerability to paternal stress is multi-determined and may be accentuated in this period of transition to parenthood. Encouragement by health professionals in the father’s emotional involvement with the baby and in early detection of vulnerability to stress is pertinent. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Climate Variability, Fish, and Fisheries

Abstract Fish population variability and fisheries activities are closely linked to weather and climate dynamics. While weather at sea directly affects fishing, environmental variability determines the distribution, migration, and abundance of fish. Fishery science grew up during the last century by integrating knowledge from oceanography, fish biology, marine ecology, and fish population dynamics, largely focused on the great Northern Hemisphere fisheries. During this period, understanding and explaining interannual fish recruitment variability became a major focus for fisheries oceanographers. Yet, the close link between climate and fisheries is best illustrated by the effect of “unexpected” events—that is, nonseasonal, and sometimes catastrophic—on fish exploitation, such as those associated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The observation that fish populations fluctuate at decadal time scales and show patterns of synchrony while being geographically separated drew attention to oceanograph.
New Speeds of Competition : Transaction Speed Risk in the Financial Sector

Following the recent deep global recession that originated in the United States subprime market,1 studies to identify its root causes are still going on today. Kashyap, Rajan, and Stein (2008) believe that the main cause was insufficient regulation of the financial sector, and they refer specifically to capital regulations. Benmelech and Dlugosz (2008), Keys et al. (2008a, 2008b), as well as, for instance, Mian and Sufi (2008) point to imperfections in the securitization process, i.e. the transfer of risk from the banking sector to investors and consequently many abuses by the financial sector. Diamond and Rajan (2008) believe that what played a very major role was the mistaken policy of the central bank, including specifically too much trust in the ability to control the liquidity of the financial sector. Czarnecki (2011) notes that many factors that brought about the instability of the system were rooted in hardto-quantify, soft factors, such as the ill-conceived system of corporate governance, specifically the executive compensation system. Acharya and Richardson (2009) and Brunnermeier (2009) undertake comprehensive analyses of the causes of the problems the world economy has been experiencing over the past few years. In general, we agree with the observations of these authors, and the aim of our paper is to provide an additional argument in the debate on the possible sources of the present instability of the financial system and, ultimately, of the volatility of the
Sociodemographic, Psychological and Politicocultural Correlates in Flemish Students' Attitudes towards French and English

An analysis of 100 Flemish high-school students' attitudes towards French and English (both foreign languages) revealed complex links etween personality factors, gender, politicocultural identity, communicative behaviour and foreign language attitudes. Attitudes towards English were found to be much more positive than those towards French, despite the fact that the participants had enjoyed a longer and more intense formal instruction in French (it being their second language). The independent variables were found to have stronger effects for French than for English, with the exception of politicocultural identity of the participant, which had a strong effect on attitudes towards French but not English. Overall, it seems that social factors, including exposure to the foreign languages, are linked with lowerlevel personality dimensions and thus shape attitudes towards these languages.
Community-based tourism and networking: Viscri, Romania

This paper raises questions concerning the complexity of the term “community” when dealing with community-based tourism initiatives. It highlights the difficulty of translating into practice the paradigm of “community-based tourism”. Through a case study of tourism in the multi-ethnic village of Viscri, Romania, the paper discusses the operational role that a network of both internal and external actors may play in piloting tourism initiatives that produce benefits for communities that are unaccustomed to participatory development processes due to various barriers. The study highlights the key role played by a local leader and an external foundation in building a network that, thanks to the bonding and bridging relations activated, led the community towards a form of sustainable tourism development and a broader amelioration of the social conditions. The network described can be replicated in other geographical contexts, provided there is strong local leadership and also international interests and donors. In the long term, however, the network needs to be strengthened by involving other actors, above all local authorities. They are needed to assure the basis for long-term empowerment, participation in decision-making and progressive diversification of economic activities.
The Balearic herpetofauna: a species update and a review on the evidence

th May. Abstract. Here, we update the current list of amphibian and reptile fauna present in the Balearic Islands, probably the most outstanding case in the Mediterranean and of the most in the world where massive species introduction is in conflict with the survi- vorship of highly restricted endemic taxa. Resulting of a long term evolution in insu- larity, endemic herpetofauna was already decimated during the Pleistocene but, after the human colonisation of the archipelago, the introduction of alien species, passive or deliberate, has been provoking new extinctions and range retractions in the native her - petofauna. Such process is not interrupted but has even intensified during the last years. The current species list is composed by five amphibians (one native) and 21 reptiles (2 native). A critical review of the evidence on extinctions and introductions is provided together with the conservation implications. Compared to the last review (Mayol, 1985) six new reptile species are now naturalised or are in process of naturalization, colubrid snakes constituting the most conflicting element due to their predator role.
Detection of Differentially Expressed Genes In Small Sets of cDNA Microarrays

Methods for testing the equality of two means are of critical importance in many areas of applied statistics. In the microarray context, it is often necessary to apply this kind of testing to small samples containing no more than a dozen elements, when inevitably the power of these tests is low. We suggest an augmentation of the classical t-test by introducing a new test statistic which we call “bio-weight. ” We show by simulation that in practically important cases of small sample size, the test based on this statistic is substantially more powerful than that of the classical t-test. The power computations are accompanied by ROC and FDR analysis of the simulated microarray data.
Social identification effects in social dilemmas : a transformation of motives

Three experimental studies were conducted to examine two alternative explanations for the widely established positive eAect of social identification in promoting cooperation in social dilemmas. We hypothesised that social identification eAects could be either ascribed to (1) an increase in the value assigned to the collective good (i.e. goaltransformation hypothesis) or (2) an enhancement of trust in the cooperation of other group members (i.e. goal-amplification hypothesis). To disentangle these two explanations, we examined the eAects of social identification on the contributions to a public good of people with a diAerent social value orientation (i.e. pre-existing diAerences in preferred outcome distribution between self and others). Following the goal transformation hypothesis, we predicted that an increased group identification would raise contributions, in particular for people essentially concerned with their personal welfare (i.e. pro-self value orientation). Alternatively, following the goal amplification hypothesis it was expected that increased group identification would primarily aAect decisions of people concerned with the collective welfare (i.e. prosocial value orientation). The results of all three studies provided support for the goal-transformation rather than goal-amplification hypothesis, suggesting that ‘selfish’ individuals can be encouraged to cooperate by increasing the salience of their group membership. Copyright # 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible/Near Infrared Spectroscopic Method for the Prediction of Lycopene in Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum , Mill.) Fruits

The aim of the present study was to predict the potential of visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) Spectroscopy in estimating the amount of lycopene in intact tomato. Eight tomato varieties from loose and cluster type were selected and harvested at commercial ripening stage for the study. The tomato cultivars were prepared after 3 days storage at 18°C and 80% Relative Humidity (RH) before they were subjected to visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy measurements. For the visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy measurements four tomato fruits from each variety were prepared as appropriate by separating of clusters, removal of attached stems and assigning a number to each of the tomato fruits. Accordingly, the spectral measurements were done on intact tomato fruits. The visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibration method such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) has showed a reasonable prediction performance. The established PLS model at full spectral range (380 – 1700 nm) was with correlation coefficient (r) =0.90 and standard error of prediction (SEP) = 0.65 mg/100g for lycopene. However, the best model for prediction was obtained when the spectral range was limited to the visible range (380 – 950 nm), correlation coefficient (r) = 0.92 and standard error of prediction (SEP) = 0.58 mg/100g. Although HPLC is the most accepted method of analysis, Vis/NIR spectroscopy measurement combined with multivariate techniques has the potential to estimate lycopene in intact tomato fruits.
EEG Long-Term Dynamics to Measure Progress of Concurrent Patients in Drug-Resistant Childhood Syndromes

It is well known that in order to study the evolution of a drug-resistant epilepsy, it is necessary to practice a lot of Electroencephalographic signals (EEG) studies during the child’s life. The number of EEG collected by parents during the child’s life might easily range between 10 and 20, depending of the severity of the affection, age and neurologist’s requirements. With all these data, natural questions posed by parents and physicians are as follows: (a) Which zone of the brain has been the most affected so far? (b) On which year was the child better? Naturally, the neurologist would wish to correlate these answers with the prescribed drugs history but responding objectively those questions is certainly not easy (or even impossible). However, both questions were already answered quantitatively in [1] where a very difficult case of Doose syndrome (DS) was investigated. In this work, we propose to go further answering an additional question frequently posed by parents and physicians which is as follows: (c) How bad is our child with respect to other with similar affections? Note that replying this question results also very difficult because this would imply to compare sets of multiple, massive EEG (one for every kid involved in the study). In addition, the possibility of answering this question also implies to compare medications/results among all the children in the investigation. What we propose here is to answer quantitatively question (c) by using our complexity measures and indices introduced here and the experience obtained in [1] with all this linked to medications. The question arises as follows: Why to use complexity, that is, entropy to characterize EEG information? Because it would be formidable to determine a mathematical model which could represent in general, each case of DS or LGS. This is not yet possible but after analyzing a set of nonlinear models, we concluded that it is more reliable to work with nonlinear statistics (entropies) to extract information from EEG in children epilepsy [1]. As a result of this, we offer here the multiscale entropy (MSE) index and the bivariate multiscale (BMSE) index to evaluate all channels of multiple EEG. © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Calibration of an M L Scale in the Alborz Region , Northern Iran by

We have calculated empirical attenuation curves for the local magnitude scale (ML) in the Alborz region of northern Iran. The maximum trace amplitudes derived from synthetic Wood–Anderson seismograms of 1290 records of 59 events in the distance range of 8.5–550 km recorded by the short-period Iranian Seismic Telemetry Network (ISTN) were inverted for the attenuation curve, magnitudes, and station corrections. The earthquakes ranged from ML3:25 to 5.65 and were recorded at 26 stations in the region. We used both nonparametric and parametric least-squares methods for inversion. The resulting parametric equation is logA0 1:1725 log R 0:0021R 0:4450. The two methods yielded very similar results and are very close to Richter’s original attenuation curve for southern California. The station corrections vary between 0:42 and 0:47 suggesting that local site effects may have a strong influence on the amplitudes.
Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells – A Clinician’s Current View

With the advent of technology that can reliably detect them, interest in circulating tumor cells have escalated with over 18,000 publications and its involvement in 911 trials. Its presence in the blood stream connotes more aggressive and serious disease. This has led to a revision in the American Joint Commission on Cancer TNM classification for breast cancer. Presence of circulating tumor cells upcodes presumed non-metastatic breast cancer (M0) to an intermediate stage M0(i+). This review will describe the methods to capture and detect circulating tumor cells with a focus on the most analytically valid system – CellSearch. The studies underpinning the established uses of CTC enumeration in prognosis of metastatic cancers (breast, prostate and colon) will be highlighted as well as the imminent deployment in early breast cancer. Emerging applications in monitoring cancer treatment and promising indications in other cancers will also be examined. Correspondence to: Tar-Choon AW, Singapore Institute of Advanced Medicine, Orchard Medical Specialists Centre, 304 Orchard Road, #05-01 Lucky Plaza 238863, Singapore, Tel: +65-67373867; Fax: +65-67333527; E-mail: tarchoon@ gmail.com
Fiscal stimulus in a model with endogenous firm entry

This paper explores different fiscal stimuli within a business cycle model with an endogenous mass of firms which we estimate for the U.S. economy using Bayesian techniques. We demonstrate that a changing mass of firms is a crucial dimension for evaluating fiscal policy since it can both accelerate and decelerate the impacts of fiscal stimuli. When fiscal interventions cause the mass of firms to decline, an additional crowding-out effect of investment in new firms results in a multiplier below that of the standard RBC model. In the presence of demand stimuli, fiscal multipliers are small and the mass of firms may decline. This holds in particular under distortionary tax financing. By contrast, policies that disburden private agents from income taxes are effective in boosting economic activity and product creation.