Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Instantaneous Power Flow for Three-Phase PWM Boost Rectifier Under Unbalanced Supply Voltage Conditions

This paper proposes the analysis of the instantaneous power flow of three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) boost rectifier under unbalanced supply voltage conditions. An analytical expression for the instantaneous output power has been derived, which provides the link between the output dc link voltage and the instantaneous output power. A direct relationship between the dc link voltage ripples and the second harmonic component in the instantaneous output power has been established. Based on the input and output instantaneous power analytical expressions provided, the presence of the odd order harmonic components in the ac line currents can be explained. A simple cascaded PI control scheme has been developed for the dc output voltage control. The controller ensures that the dc link voltage is maintained constant and the supply side power factor is kept close to unity under the unbalanced supply voltage operating conditions. Simulation and experimental test results are provided on a 1.6-kVA laboratory-based PWM rectifier to validate the proposed analysis and control scheme.
Proteomic Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Adhering to Solid Surfaces

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic micro-organism responsible for many hospital-acquired infections. It is able to adhere to solid surfaces and develop an immobilized community or so-called biofilm. Many studies have been focusing on the use of specific materials to prevent the formation of these biofilms, but the reactivity of the bacteria in contact to surfaces remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the abiotic surface on the physiology of adherent bacteria. Three different materials, stainless steel (SS), glass (G), and polystyrene (PS) that were relevant to industrial or medical environments were characterized at the physicochemical level in terms of their hydrophobicity and roughness. We showed that SS was moderately hydrophilic and rough, potentially containing crevices, G was hydrophilic and smooth while PS was hydrophobic and smooth. We further showed that P. aeruginosa cells were more likely able to adhere to SS and G rather than PS surfaces under our experimental conditions. The physiological response of P. aeruginosa when adhering to each of these materials was then evaluated by global proteomic analysis. The abundance of 70 proteins was shown to differ between the materials suggesting that their abundance was modified as a function of the material to which bacteria adhered. Our data lead to enabling the identification of abundance patterns that appeared to be specific to a given surface. Taken together, our data showed that P. aeruginosa is capable of sensing and responding to a surface probably via specific programmes to adapt its physiological response accordingly.
Hauptsatz for higher order logic

I shall prove in this paper that Gentzen's Hauptsatz is extendible to simple type theory, i.e., to the predicate logic obtained by admitting quantification over predicates of arbitrary finite type and generalizing the second order quantification rules to cover quantifiers of other types. (That Gentzen's Hauptsatz is extendible to this logic has been known as Takeuti's conjecture; see [4].) Gentzen's Hauptsatz has been extended to second order logic in a recent paper by Tait [3]. However, as remarked by Tait, his proof seems not to be extendible to higher orders. The present proof is rather an extension of a different proof of the Hauptsatz for second order logic that I have presented in [1].
Photophysics of Aminoxanthone Derivatives and Their Application as Binding Probes for DNA†

Abstract Xanthones with amino substituents were synthesized to diminish the photoreactivity of the xanthone chromophore with DNA, with the objective of using these molecules to study their binding dynamics with DNA. The aminoxanthones showed a strong solvatochromic effect on their singlet and triplet excited-state photophysics, where polar solvents led to a decrease of the energies for the excited states. Quenching of the triplet excited states by nitrite anions was used to determine the binding dynamics, and a residence time in the microsecond time domain was estimated for the bound 2-aminoxanthone with DNA. The quenching experiments performed showed that this methodology will not be applicable to study the binding dynamics of a wide variety of guests with DNA.
Binary latent variable modelling and its applicationin the study of air pollution in Hong Kong

A binary latent variable is constructed to account for the correlation between multiple binary outcomes and is treated as a dependent variable in modelling for covariate effects. This modelling method is similar to the structural equation modelling. Three models are considered: (1) all covariates affecting the binary latent variable directly; (2) some covariates affecting the binary latent variable while other affecting the manifestation of the binary outcomes; and (3) no covariates are included. Gibbs sampling, a special case of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, is used to estimate the parameters in the models. Simulation studies show that this method is valid and reliable in estimating covariate effects. But Model (1) fitted the data best with lowest value in the deviance information criteria. The method is illustrated by applying it to the data analysis of an environmental air pollution study. The results show that air pollution (i.e. the most versus the least polluted district) (odds ratio 1.20; 95% confidence interval 0.97–1.49; p=0.102), smoking (relative to not smoking) (2.75; 2.21–3.41; p < 0.001) and mosquito coil use (relative to non‐use) (1.27; 0.99–1.62; p=0.058) had an impact on the respiratory health of male adults in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teacher Knowledge of Stimulant Medication and ADHD

This study was designed to assess general and special education teachers' knowledge, opinions, and experience related to the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its treatment with stimulant medication. A random sample of 200 general educators and 200 special educators from Wisconsin were surveyed. Results revealed that teachers had limited knowledge about ADHD and the use of psychostimulant medication. Teachers' opinions about the effect of stimulant medication on school-related behaviors were generally positive, although special education teachers were more positive than general educators. The survey confirmed previous research indicating that teachers were the school personnel who most frequently recommended an assessment for ADHD. The results are discussed in terms of their educational significance and implications for teacher preparation and continuing education.
Effects of Artificial Sand Fixing on Community Characteristics of a Rare Desert Shrub

Eremosparton songoricum (Fabaceae) is a rare, native, clonal small shrub of the deserts of central Asia. Although human activities have greatly fragmented the distribution of E. songoricum, it occurs in areas where artificial sand fixing (AS) has been implemented. We sought to explore whether AS promotes survival and growth of E. songoricum. In the Gurbantunggut Desert of northwestern China in June 2010, we established 10 plots in an area where sand fixing occurred (5–10 years previously) and 11 plots on original sand substrate on which some plants had settled without fixing sand. Sand fixing changed soil properties and biological characteristics in sand‐fixed plots. The soil surface where sand fixing occurred was covered by algal crusts and some lichen, but not bare sand (BS). Soil nutrients; water content of deep soil (30–150 cm); overall plant and herbaceous species richness, diversity, abundance, and cover; above‐ and belowground biomass; and cover, biomass, and height of E. songoricum in the sand‐fixed plots were significantly greater than in plots of BS. However, distribution of E. songoricum individuals in the 2 types of plots did not differ. Our results indicate AS may enhance survival of E. songoricum and increase the overall diversity and stability of the desert plant community. We suggest AS as a way to protect this rare desert plant in situ.
Nutritional zinc plays a pivotal role in bone health and osteoporosis prevention

Bone homeostasis is maintained through a delicate balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption [1, 2]. Bone mass is reduced by decrease in osteoblastic bone formation and increase in osteoclastic bone resorption. Numerous pathological processes have the capacity to disrupt this equilibrium leading to conditions where the rate of bone resorption outpaces the rate of bone formation. Osteoporosis is induced with decrease in bone mass. The most dramatic expression of osteoporosis is represented by fractures of the proximal femur for which the number increases as the population ages [3, 4]. Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone strength and an increased risk for lowtrauma fractures. Bone mass is dramatically reduced after menopause, which depresses the secretion of ovarian hormone (estrogen) in women [5]. Deficiency of estrogen advances osteoclastic bone resorption. This is very important as a primary osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis, a consequence of ovarian hormone deficiency, is the archetypal osteoporotic condition in women after menopause and leads to bone destruction through complex and diverse metabolic and biochemical changes.About 40% of women in developed countries will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture in the course of their lifetime, with men experiencing approximately one-third to one-half the risk of women. According to a recent World Health Organization report, osteoporosis has become a global health problem with a disease incidence and mortality rate similar to that of
Non-Line-of-Sight Beacon Identification for Sensor Localization

In recent years, sensors are often deployed to sense the target environment. Besides the sensed environmental information, sensor's position information itself is very important in most cases. With the increasing number of sensors, automatic sensor localization becomes necessary. For accurately localizing sensors, line of sight between nodes and beacons is often required. However, in many cases, it is very difficult to ensure that every beacon has the line of sight to a target sensor node. In this paper, a non-line-of-sight beacon identification approach is proposed. With which, the beacons that have no line of sight to a target sensor can be found out and then ruled out, thus the final localization result can be rectified and the accuracy can be improved. Simulations are conducted, and results show that non-line-of-sight beacons can be identified effectively. The proposed approach will be helpful in the real sensor localization in sensor networks, especially for the systems that beacons are sparsely deployed.
Capacitation‐associated changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in hamster spermatozoa

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ca2+, BSA, NaHCO3 and PVA on the capacitation‐associated time‐dependent increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction in hamster spermatozoa. Hamster spermatozoa when incubated in TALP, a medium that assists capacitation, showed a time‐dependent increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation that correlated with the capacitated state of the spermatozoa. An absence of Ca2+ or NaHCO3 in the capacitation medium delayed the phosphorylation of the proteins, but without both there was a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of the proteins throughout the period of capacitation. An absence of bovine serum albumin also caused a decrease in the phosphorylation of the proteins but this did not occur if polyvinyl alcohol was substituted for it in the medium. The percentage hyperactivation was not affected in the absence of bovine serum albumin if the medium contained polyvinyl alcohol. However, it was delayed in the absence of NaHCO3 and inhibited in the absence of Ca2+. The absence of NaHCO3 or bovine serum albumin had no effect on the acrosome reaction. These results show that hamster spermatozoa undergo capacitation‐associated protein tyrosine phosphrylation similar to that of the spermatozoa of other mammals. However, hamster spermatozoa are unique in that the capacitation‐associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation is not absolutely dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and NaHCO3. As far as we know, this study is the first to provide evidence that capacitation‐associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation is linked to hyperactivation in hamster spermatozoa.
Rapid onset of apoptosis in vitro follows disruption of beta 1-integrin/matrix interactions in human colonic crypt cells.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Apoptosis by loss of adherence is a recently described phenomenon termed "anoikis. " beta 1, integrins are heterodimeric surface molecules mediating adhesion to the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to address whether anoikis accounts for the elimination of senescent enterocytes and, if so, whether beta 1 integrins are involved. METHODS Whole crypts were isolated from normal human colonic mucosa and examined in vitro. RESULTS The vast majority of cells in resuspended crypts rapidly underwent apoptosis within 4 hours. Apoptosis was partially inhibited when cells had contact with collagen I-coated membranes or when whole crypts were embedded in a collagen gel. Preincubation of crypts with an inhibiting anti-beta 1 antibody before readhesion caused a much higher apoptotic rate. Confocal microscopy of embedded crypts revealed two critical zones of high sensitivity to temporary loss of adherence: the base of the crypts where stem cells are supposed to reside and the crypt mouth including the surface epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Survival of colonic epithelia crucially depends on matrix adhesion and is likely to be guaranteed by beta 1-integrin/ matrix interaction. The data strongly suggest that anoikis is the way senescent colon cells die.
Hematologic aspects of myeloablative therapy and bone marrow transplantation

The transplantation of bone marrow cells or isolated hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow or peripheral blood is a widely utilized form of therapy for patients with incurable diseases of the hematopoietic and immune systems. Successful engraftment of the transplanted stem cells in an adequately prepared recipient normally leads to bone marrow reconstitution over a period of several weeks, accompanied by more gradual reconstitution of the immune system. Since the recipient is profoundly ill during the initial treatment period, laboratory data is critical for monitoring engraftment, detecting residual/recurrent disease, and identifying problems that may delay bone marrow reconstitution or lead to other medical complications. Accurate blood cell counts are imperative, and most bone marrow transplantation patients undergo periodic monitoring with bone marrow aspirates and biopsies with cytogenetic, molecular, and multiparametric flow cytometric studies. The potential complications of bone marrow transplantation include engraftment failure and delayed engraftment, infection, residual bone marrow disease, acute and chronic graft versus host disease, myelofibrosis, therapy‐related acute leukemia, post‐transplant lympho‐proliferative disorders, and toxic myelopathy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 19:47–79, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B confirmed at autopsy: a case report.

OBJECTIVE To determine the correspondence between uptake of Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) in life and measures of beta-amyloid (Abeta) in postmortem tissue analysis. Patient A 76-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies underwent fluorodeoxyglucose (18)F and PiB positron emission tomographic brain scans. Imaging revealed marked region specific binding of PiB and abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Intervention Autopsy was performed 3 months after the PiB scan. RESULTS Autopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis; in addition, there was severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and only moderate numbers of parenchymal Abeta plaques. Biochemical measures revealed a positive correlation between Abeta levels and regional PiB binding. CONCLUSION This report confirms that PiB detects Abeta in the living patient and demonstrates that amyloid deposited as cerebral amyloid angiopathy can be the dominant source of signal.
Higher volume endovascular stroke centers have faster times to treatment, higher reperfusion rates and higher rates of good clinical outcomes

Background and purpose Technological advances have helped to improve the efficiency of treating patients with large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, the sequence of events prior to reperfusion may lead to significant treatment delays. This study sought to determine if high-volume (HV) centers were efficient at delivery of endovascular treatment approaches. Methods A retrospective review was performed of nine centers to assess a series of time points from obtaining a CT scan to the end of the endovascular procedure. Demographic, radiographic and angiographic variables were assessed by multivariate analysis to determine if HV centers were more efficient at delivery of care. Results A total of 442 consecutive patients of mean age 66±14 years and median NIH Stroke Scale score of 18 were studied. HV centers were more likely to treat patients after intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator and those transferred from outside hospitals. After adjusting for appropriate variables, HV centers had significantly lower times from CT acquisition to groin puncture (OR 0.991, 95% CI 0.989 to 0.997, p=0.001) and total procedure times (OR 0.991, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.996, p=0.001). Additionally, patients treated at HV centers were more likely to have a good clinical outcome (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.10, p<0.018) and successful reperfusion (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.86, p<0.008). Conclusions Significant delays occur in treating patients with endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke, offering opportunities for improvements in systems of care. Ongoing prospective clinical trials can help to assess if HV centers are achieving better clinical outcomes and higher reperfusion rates.
Half‐sib family structure of Fagus crenata saplings in an old‐growth beech–dwarf bamboo forest

Half‐sib family structure of Fagus crenata saplings was examined in an old‐growth beech–dwarf bamboo (Sasa spp.) forest using microsatellite genotypes in parentage analysis to identify the half‐sib families in two 50 × 50 m plots: one with 36 adults, 641 saplings and no Sasa cover, the other with 21 adults, 61 saplings and Sasa cover. For large proportions of the saplings (44.6% and 75.4%, respectively) both of their parents were found within the same plot, indicating that pollination events frequently involved short‐range pollen dispersal, probably because of the high density of adults in the study population. Although almost all of the adults had half‐sib families, the number of offspring in the families was highly variable. In the plot with no Sasa cover, the variation in the number of offspring was significantly explained by the size of parents, i.e. the reproductive success is higher for large adults than for small adults. The half‐sibs were aggregately distributed around their parents and the distribution overlapped among different half‐sib families, which may be due to the limited seed dispersal and overlapping seed shadows of this species. As expected, there was weak genetic structure in the plot. By contrast, in the plot with Sasa cover, the half‐sibs were distributed sparsely with a low density, and the degree of genetic structure was very weak. The difference in the half‐sib family structure and genetic structure among saplings presumably reflects the difference in density that should be affected by regeneration dynamics associated with environmental conditions.
Within‐group social bonds in white‐faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia) display male–female pair preference

White‐faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia) lack most of the behavioral and physical traits typical of primate monogamy [Fuentes, 1999 ]. In order to determine if social bonds in this species reflect patterns displayed by pair‐bonded groups or larger multimale–multifemale groups, we draw on 17 months of data collected on wild white‐faced sakis at Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname. We analyzed within‐group social bonds for three habituated groups (one two‐adult and two multiadult groups) by measuring grooming, proximity, and approach/leave patterns between adult and subadult group members. We found that both two‐adult and multiadult groups showed significantly stronger social bonds between a single male–female dyad within each group (deemed “primary dyads”). In all three groups, primary dyads were composed of the oldest adult male and a breeding female. These pairs had significantly higher levels of grooming than other within‐group dyads and were also in close proximity (<1 m) more often than nonprimary dyads. Grooming in primary dyads was nonreciprocal, and consistently biased toward female investment. Grooming patterns in nonprimary dyads varied, but were often more reciprocal. Grooming and proximity of the primary dyad also changed in relation to infant development. Our results suggest that while white‐faced sakis do not show behavioral and physical traits typical of monogamy or pair‐bonding, social bonds are strongest between a single male–female pair. Pitheciine social systems range from small group monogamy in Callicebus to large multimale–multifemale groups in Chiropotes and Cacajao. As the middle taxon in this platyrrhine radiation, behavioral strategies of white‐faced sakis provide a model for how social bonds and affiliation could be influenced by and affect the evolution of larger group size in primates. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1051–1061, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Deep Monotone Approximation Operator Based on the Best Quadratic Lower Bound of Convex Functions

This paper presents a closed form solution to a problem of constructing the best lower bound of a convex function under certain conditions. The function is assumed (I) bounded below by -ρ, and (II) differentiable and its derivative is Lipschitz continuous with Lipschitz constant L. To construct the lower bound, it is also assumed that we can use the values ρ and L together with the values of the function and its derivative at one specified point. By using the proposed lower bound, we derive a computationally efficient deep monotone approximation operator to the level set of the function. This operator realizes better approximation than subgradient projection which has been utilized, as a monotone to level sets of differentiable convex functions as well as nonsmooth convex functions. Therefore, by using the proposed operator, we can improve many signal processing algorithms essentially based on the subgradient projection.
A simple polarization-reconfigurable antenna

A wideband polarization-reconfigurable slot antenna is proposed for wireless-area network (WLAN) 802.11a applications. The antenna consists of four slots in an X-shape. Four PIN-diode switches are used to re-configure the antenna to a left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) or right-hand circulation polarization (RHCP) antenna. The proposed antenna is studied and designed using computer simulation. Results show that the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth (IMBW) of 5.11-6.21 GHz (19.5%) for S11<;-10 dB and axial-ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 5.5-5.91 GHz (7.2%). The radiation patterns and realized boresight gain also presented.