Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Esta no es mi voz: una revisión del síndrome del acento extranjero

El síndrome del acento extranjero o SAE –en inglés, Foreign Accent Syndrome, FAS– es un raro desorden neurológico del habla. Los estudios de este síndrome son relativamente escasos, debido a que existen muy pocos casos registrados y, además, su sintomatología aún no es comprendida a cabalidad entre los especialistas. Asimismo, es muy frecuente que se diagnostique al paciente con otras patologías del lenguaje, como disartria o apraxia, ya que presentan determinadas características que pueden ser confundidas con las del SAE. El objetivo de este artículo es aproximar al lector al síndrome del acento extranjero a partir de los diferentes casos y estudios que se han realizado y que han permitido una mayor y mejor reflexión sobre el SAE. Del mismo modo, se explicarán sus diferentes características, con un mayor enfoque en lo fonético-fonológico, y las diferencias entre este síndrome y otras alteraciones del habla. Resumen: El síndrome del acento extranjero es un raro desorden en el habla que se caracteriza por la producción de rasgos segmentales y suprasegmentales ajenos a la lengua materna, por lo que es percibida por el oyente como una variedad extranjera. Este síndrome es adquirido a causa de un traumatismo o lesión en el cerebro como una apoplejía o un derrame cerebral. Sin embargo, en los casos estudiados, esta alteración en el habla no afecta a las propiedades naturales de la lengua, razón por la que la comunicación no se ve comprometida. En este artículo, se presentan las características principales de este síndrome, las diferencias con otros desórdenes del habla, así como los diferentes casos y estudios que se han realizado. Abstract: The foreign accent syndrome is a rare speech disorder characterized by the production of segmental and suprasegmental properties different from the speaker’s native language. This is why it is perceived as a foreign language variety by the listener. This syndrome is acquired as a consequence of a stroke or a cerebral hemorrhage. Nevertheless, in the reported cases, this speech disorder does not affect the natural properties of the language and therefore communication is not compromised. The characteristics of this syndrome, the differences with other speech disorders, as well as the reported cases and researches are presented in this paper.
Effect of cholecystokinin‐A receptor blockade on postprandial insulinaemia and gastric emptying in humans

Abstract Our aim was determine the relationship between cholecystokinin (CCK)‐A receptor blockade, glucose levels, insulin secretion and gastric emptying in humans, and to assess the effect of CCK‐A blockade on pancreatic polypeptide secretion. After a 12‐h fast, six healthy volunteers were given [99mTc]iminodiacetic acid monosodium salt (IDA) intravenously (5 mCi). One hour later they were offered a 577 kcal liquid meal containing [99mTc]diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (2 mCi) and glucose (105 g). Scintigraphic gastric and gallbladder activity, and plasma glucose, insulin and pancreatic polypeptide responses were monitored. In a second experiment, a continuous intravenous infusion of loxiglumide (7.5 mg kg h−1) was started 60 min before and continued until 120 min after test meal ingestion to block the CCK‐A receptors. Gallbladder emptying was blocked by loxiglumide. Loxiglumide accelerated gastric emptying, increased insulin secretion without alteration of glucose profiles, and abolished all phases of the postprandial pancreatic polypeptide response. Blockade of peripheral CCK‐A receptors accelerates gastric emptying of liquids with an increase in postprandial insulin levels. The lack of changes in glycaemia suggests that alternative homeostatic mechanisms also control postprandial glucose levels. Inhibition of pancreatic polypeptide release may reflect an independent effect of loxiglumide on vagal control involved in pancreatic polypeptide release.
Optimization and Improvement Based on K-Means Cluster Algorithm

K-Means Cluster algorithm is one of important cluster analysis methods of data mining, but through the analysis and the experiment to the traditional K-Means cluster algorithm, it is discovered that its cluster result varies along with the initial selected cluster central point, and the difference is big. In view of this question, this text proposed the method of seeking the initial cluster center embarking from the data object distribution, Moreover in order to accurately appraise the cluster result, it also proposed cluster assessment method based on the data object. Through analyzes and contrast of the experiment, the improved cluster algorithm surpasses the traditional K-Means cluster algorithm, and also can obtain high and stable classified accuracy.
Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite recent advances in early detection, most cancerous patients are detected in advanced stages and so, 5-year survival rate is very low. So, there is an urge need for the discovery of sensitive early detection biomarkers for GC patients. Several serum tumor markers have been used in clinic for several years such as α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) and so on. Due to low sensitivity and specificity of these traditional biomarkers, researchers seek for novel noninvasive and specific biomarkers. For this purpose, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have been reported as novel cancer biomarkers. Studies indicate that these RNAs have important roles in tumorgenesis and so they could potentially use as early detection biomarkers. This review summarizes major advances in our current knowledge about molecular diagnosis of GC that have been reported in recent decades.
Estudo de hábitos alimentares e de bebida usando mídia social

New approaches to study urban social behavior use Foursquare check-ins to represent user preferences. In this direction, a previous work has presented a methodology for identifying similar cultures. Our study is based on that methodology. We use a dataset, not used previously, to compare the results obtained before, following the same methodology proposed. Our preliminary results agrees with those observed. We also propose two new approaches to identify similar cultures.
Human Glycolipid Transfer Protein Gene (GLTP) Expression Is Regulated by Sp1 and Sp3

Glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) accelerates glycolipid intermembrane transfer via a unique lipid transfer/binding fold (GLTP fold) that defines the GLTP superfamily and is the prototype for functional GLTP-like domains in larger proteins, i.e. FAPP2. Human GLTP is encoded by the single-copy GLTP gene on chromosome 12 (12q24.11 locus), but regulation of GLTP gene expression remains completely unexplored. Herein, the ability of glycosphingolipids (and their sphingolipid metabolites) to regulate the transcriptional expression of GLTP via its promoter has been evaluated. Using luciferase and GFP reporters in concert with deletion mutants, the constitutive and basal (225 bp; ∼78% G+C) human GLTP promoters have been defined along with adjacent regulatory elements. Despite high G+C content, translational regulation was not evident by the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Four GC-boxes were shown to be functional Sp1/Sp3 transcription factor binding sites. Mutation of one GC-box was particularly detrimental to GLTP transcriptional activity. Sp1/Sp3 RNA silencing and mithramycin A treatment significantly inhibited GLTP promoter activity. Among tested sphingolipid analogs of glucosylceramide, sulfatide, ganglioside GM1, ceramide 1-phosphate, sphingosine 1-phosphate, dihydroceramide, sphingosine, only ceramide, a nonglycosylated precursor metabolite unable to bind to GLTP protein, induced GLTP promoter activity and raised transcript levels in vivo. Ceramide treatment partially blocked promoter activity decreases induced by Sp1/Sp3 knockdown. Ceramide treatment also altered the in vivo binding affinity of Sp1 and Sp3 for the GLTP promoter and decreased Sp3 acetylation. This study represents the first characterization of any Gltp gene promoter and links human GLTP expression to sphingolipid homeostasis through ceramide.
Increased Production of Hydrogen Peroxide byLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus upon Aeration: Involvement of an NADH Oxidase in Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT The growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus (L. delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus) on lactose was altered upon aerating the cultures by agitation. Aeration caused the bacteria to enter early into stationary phase, thus reducing markedly the biomass production but without modifying the maximum growth rate. The early entry into stationary phase of aerated cultures was probably related to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the medium. Indeed, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in aerated cultures was two to three times higher than in unaerated ones. Also, a similar shift from exponential to stationary phase could be induced in unaerated cultures by adding increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. A significant fraction of the hydrogen peroxide produced by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus originated from the reduction of molecular oxygen by NADH catalyzed by an NADH:H2O2 oxidase. The specific activity of this NADH oxidase was the same in aerated and unaerated cultures, suggesting that the amount of this enzyme was not directly regulated by oxygen. Aeration did not change the homolactic character of lactose fermentation by L. delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus and most of the NADH was reoxidized by lactate dehydrogenase with pyruvate. This indicated that NADH oxidase had no (or a very small) energetic role and could be involved in eliminating oxygen.
Cases of buprenorphine abuse in India

Buprenorphine was introduced as a potent analgesic with low abuse potential. Reports of buprenorphine abuse by opiate abusers have accumulated over the years, highlighting its use as a cheap alternative to heroin. The lower potency compared with heroin is being compensated by using a cocktail of buprenorphine with benzodiazepines or cyclizine. This study of 18 cases seen over 3 years broadly confirms these findings. Four cases reported haematemesis during acute withdrawal, a symptom not reported in earlier studies.
Insulin sensitivity and regular alcohol consumption: large, prospective, cross sectional population study (Bruneck study)

Abstract Objectives: To assess the relation between regular alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity, and to estimate the importance of insulin in the association of alcohol with multiple vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Design: Prospective and cross sectional study of a large randomly selected population sample. Setting: Part of the Bruneck study 1990–5 (Bolzano province, Italy). Subjects: 820 healthy non-diabetic women and men aged 40–79 years. Main outcome measure: Concentrations of fasting and post-glucose insulin, cholesterol, apolipoproteins, triglycerides, Lp(a) lipoprotein, glucose, fibrinogen, and antithrombin III; blood pressure; insulin resistance estimated by the homeostasis model assessment. Results: Fasting insulin concentrations in those who did not drink alcohol and subjects reporting low (1–50 g/day), moderate (51–99 g/day), and heavy (>/=100 g/day) alcohol intake were 12.4, 10.0, 8.7, and 7.1 mU/l (P<0.001). Likewise, post-glucose insulin concentrations and estimates for insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment decreased significantly with increasing amounts of regular alcohol consumption. These trends were independent of sex, body mass index, physical activity, cigarette smoking, medication, and diet (P<0.001). Regular alcohol intake predicted multiple changes in vascular risk factors over a five year period including increased concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A I; higher blood pressure; and decreased concentration of antithrombin III. These associations were in part attributable to the decrease in insulin concentrations observed among alcohol consumers. Conclusions: Low to moderate amounts of alcohol, when taken on a regular basis, improve insulin sensitivity. Insulin is a potential intermediate component in the association between alcohol consumption and vascular risk factors (metabolic syndrome). Key messages Regular alcohol consumption predicted multiple changes of vascular risk factors over a five year period This alcohol associated metabolic syndrome is in part attributable to the decline in insulin concentrations
Combined Depressant Effects of Diltiazem and Volatile Anesthetics on Contractility in Isolated Ventricular Myocardium

&NA; LYNCH. Combined depressant effects of diltiazem and volatile anesthetics on contractility in isolated ventricular myocardium. Anesth Analg 1988;67:1036‐46. Because the volatile anesthetics depress the entry of calcium (Ca) into myocardial cells and also alter release of intracellular Ca stores, additional pharmacologic blockade of Ca entry could potentially enhance anesthetic‐induced depression. The depressant effects of the calcium entry blocker diltiazem combined with the volatile anesthetics halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane were investigated in isolated guinea pig papillary muscle. Muscle contractions were studied in normal Tyrode solution after rest and at stimulation rates of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 Hz. Anesthetics were studied in the presence of 0.1 and 1 &mgr;M diltiazem, which depressed tension to approximately 85 and 55% of control at 2‐3 Hz, respectively; depression at the higher concentration was frequency‐dependent. Depressant effects of enflurane were determined as previously done for equianesthetic concentrations (approximately 1 and 2 MAC) of halothane and isoflurane. At all stimulation rates, 1.7 and 3.5% enflurane depressed peak tension and dT/dt‐max to approximately 73 and 50% of the mean control‐recovery value, respectively. After control measurements of contractile characteristics, effects of 0.1 &mgr;M diltiazem were determined alone and then with the addition of halothane (0.75 or 1.5%), isoflurane (1.3 or 2.5%), or enflurane (1.7 or 3.5%), respectively. Recovery from anesthetic was then determined in the continued presence of diltiazem. After rest and at rates ≤ 0.5 Hz, equianesthetic concentrations of these volatile agents caused similar depression in the presence of diltiazem. At 3 Hz stimulation rate, 1.3% isoflurane caused significantly less contractile depression than did 1.7% enflurane or than 0.75% halothane. At 2‐MAC concentrations, differences among the anesthetics were more apparent: 2.5% isoflurane depressed peak tension and dT/dt‐max less than did halothane at 1‐3 Hz stimulation rates, and depressed dT/dt‐max less than 3.5% enflurane at 2‐3 Hz. Similar frequency‐dependent differences in depression by approximately 2 MAC anesthetics were observed in the presence of 1 &mgr;M diltiazem. The patterns of depressant action by the volatile anesthetics were similar to those previously observed in the absence of diltiazem. Furthermore, when the volatile anesthetic depression of contractions was combined with the depression due to diltiazem‐induced blockade of Ca entry, the resulting contractile depression did not differ significantly from a prediction that assumed simply additive effects.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy : Role in Diagnosis of Iris and Ciliary Body Tumours

Background & Aim: Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is an important tool for assessing iris and ciliary body tumours. This study sought to evaluate the role of UBM in the diagnosis of iris and ciliary body tumours. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data collected from medical records of 10 patients referred to the UBM unit, department of ophthalmology, of Cairo University, for suspected iris and ciliary body tumours from January 2003 to July 2006 and 4 patients referred to ocular diagnostic unit in King Abd El-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2007 to March 2009. Results: Fourteen eyes from 14 patients were evaluated, including six ciliary body tumours, six iris naevi, and two iris melanoma using Ultrasound biomicroscope (Model DICON P45 UBM Plus Paradigm instruments). All cases of iris and ciliary body tumours patients were also evaluated with conventional A/B-scan. Results of this study revealed that ultrasound biomicroscopy offers an accurate method to evaluate tumor shape, reflectivity, and local invasion. Ciliary body and peripheral iris involvement by tumours was significantly more frequently observed by UBM than B-scan. Conclusion: UBM is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of iris and ciliary body tumours. This study demonstrates the superiority of UBM v conventional B-scan for the precise localization of uveal tumors, especially involving the ciliary body and peripheral iris.
Evaluation of the ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral blood volume as an index of local cerebral perfusion pressure.

Local cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), a crucial parameter that should allow a better assessment of the haemodynamic compromise in cerebrovascular diseases, is not currently measurable by non-invasive means. Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that the regional ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral blood volume (CBF:CBV), as measured by PET, represents an index of local CPP in focal ischaemia. The present study was designed to evaluate further the reliability of the CBF:CBV ratio during manipulations of CPP by deliberately varying mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the anaesthetized baboon. Cortical CBF, CBV, cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and oxygen extraction fraction were measured by PET using the (15)O steady-state technique in 10 anaesthetized baboons. Five baboons (Group A) underwent four PET examinations at different levels of MAP: base line (101 +/- 6 mmHg) followed by moderate hypotension (58 +/- 3 mmHg) and, in a separate experiment, minor hypotension (72 +/- 3 mmHg) followed by profound hypotension (34 +/- 5 mmHg). Trimetaphan was used to lower MAP to minor and moderate levels while profound hypotension was achieved by the combined effects of trimetaphan and lower-body negative pressure. Five other baboons (Group B) were subjected to hypertension (121 +/- 2 mmHg) induced by metaraminol and were compared with their base line state (81 +/- 10 mmHg). While CBF displayed significant changes with varying MAP, i.e. decrease and increase with hypotension and hypertension, respectively (-11% from base line to moderate hypotension compared with -20%, from minor to profound hypotension and +31% from base line to hypertension), CBV was more variable and did not significantly change, except with profound hypotension when the increase was significant (+13%). The CBF:CBV ratio decreased significantly at all stages of hypotension (-21 and -31%) and was significantly increased during hypertension (+30%). Importantly, the CBF:CBV ratio demonstrated a significant correlation with MAP (rho = 0.78, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, P < 0.01). No major changes in CMRO2 were noted during either hypotension or hypertension. Our results demonstrate that, under physiological conditions, cortical CBF:CBV is significantly correlated with CPP, itself a function of MAP. In the investigated range of MAP, the relationships between CBF:CBV and MAP appear to be linear. These findings further argue for the reliability of CBF:CBV as an index of CPP in situations where increases or decreases of MAP without superimposed changes in cerebrovascular tone are encountered, and they confirm the potential usefulness of this regional ratio for clinical investigations and management in cerebrovascular diseases.
Metamaterials for Rapidly Forming Large-Area Distributed Plasma Discharges for High-Power Microwave Applications

Electromagnetic metamaterials have broad application potential including new high-power microwave (HPM) sources and anti-HPM devices. In the previous work, we demonstrated that an initial breakdown at one location within a multiresonator unit cell of the single-layer metamaterial emitted vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) radiation that induced breakdowns at the neighboring locations even though the electric field intensities were below the breakdown thresholds. In this paper, we report the results of experimental investigations of single-layer metamaterials deliberately designed to exploit this effect. When illuminated by 26-kW, 9.382-GHz, 0.8-μs intense microwave pulses, breakdown was initially induced only in one small location where the radio frequency (RF) electric fields exceeded the breakdown threshold. In experiments with the metamaterials, the initial breakdown locally occurred in 5-10 ns, after which the VUV preionization effect facilitated the rapid spread of the breakdown across the entire surface within 10-20 ns. In contrast, without a metamaterial, the breakdown remained localized and was delayed by 25-30 ns compared with the metamaterial cases. The experimental results are expected to provide a useful guideline for designing metamaterials in HPM systems.
A Cytogenetic Study of Inversions in Zea Mays.

LTHOUGH spontaneous and induced inversions have been reported in A many organisms, the genetic behavior of inversions is known exclusively from studies of Drosophila. It is the purpose of this study to investigate inversions in Zea mays, a t present the only organism other than Drosophila in which a relatively precise genetic and cytological analysis could be made. MULLER (1940) proposed that inversions including the centromere be called pericentric and inversions limited to a single chromosome arm be designated as paracentric. Heterozygous inversions of both types form loop bivalents a t meiotic pachytene or in the salivary gland chromosomes due to the pairing of the inverted and normally arranged homologues. Single crossover chromatids arising from exchanges within the limits of a heterozygous paracentric inversion are dicentric and form a chromatin bridge a t meiotic anaphase or are acentric and lost because of their failure to undergo regular mitotic behavior (MCCLINTOCK 1933). The dicentric and acentric crossover chromatids carry genetic duplications and deficiencies. Single crossover chromatids arising from exchanges within heterozygous pericentric inversions carry genetic duplications and deficiencies but such chromatids each have a single centromere and no chromatin bridges are produced. Double crossover chromatids arising from multiple exchanges within either heterozygous pericentric or paracentric inversions do not carry duplications and deficiencies and may be recovered in viable offspring. Duplication-deficiency chromatids ordinarily cause abortion of the gametophyte generation of plants. In animals duplication-deficiency chromatids result in aneuploid gametes which, though functional, give rise to zygotic or embryonic lethals. Consequently, heterozygous inversions have been found to reduce greatly genetic recombination within the inversion segments in Drosophila melanogaster (STURTEVANT 1926; 1931 ; STURTEVANT and BEADLE 1936) and in D. pseudoobscura (DOBZHANSKY and EPLING 1948). In the inversion heterozygote, crossing over is also frequently reduced in the regions adjacent to the breakage points (STURTEVANT and BEADLE 1936; DOBZHANSKY and EPLING 1948). Pericentric inversions are not abundant in natural populations, due apparently to the mortality caused by aneuploid gametes. Two spontaneous pericentric inversions have been reported in Drosophila robusta (CARSON and STALKER 1947) and one in D. algonquin (MILLER 1939). In contrast to the scarcity of spontaneous pericentric inversions, there is an abundance of para-