Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANN Control for a PV-array Connected to Public Grid

Artificial neural network (ANN) control for a photovoltaic (PV) connected to public grid is proposed and implemented in this study. This control strategy controls the pulses input to the VSI aiming to operate at unity PF of with constant voltage by minimization of the system deviations. The system is modelled using equivalent per-unit model and it is simulated and controlled using MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. The system model is executed using detailed representation for each component; PV-array, DC-DC booster and VSI. The response is obtained in comparative form with conventional proportional integral (PI) control at same fault conditions. The maximum power is extracted from PV-array using incremental-conductance MPPT technique applied to booster switching pulses. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ANN control in enhancement the system performance and dynamic behaviour at various disturbances such as 3-phase short circuit, one line outage and atmospheric condition variations.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α regulation of bile acid and drug metabolism

The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a liver-enriched nuclear receptor that plays a critical role in early morphogenesis, fetal liver development, liver differentiation and metabolism. Human HNF4α gene mutations cause maturity on-set diabetes of the young type 1, an autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. HNF4α is an orphan nuclear receptor because of which the endogenous ligand has not been firmly identified. The trans-activating activity of HNF4α is enhanced by interacting with co-activators and inhibited by corepressors. Recent studies have revealed that HNF4α plays a central role in regulation of bile acid metabolism in the liver. Bile acids are required for biliary excretion of cholesterol and metabolites, and intestinal absorption of fat, nutrients, drug and xenobiotics for transport and distribution to liver and other tissues. Bile acids are signaling molecules that activate nuclear receptors to control lipids and drug metabolism in the liver and intestine. Therefore, HNF4α plays a central role in coordinated regulation of bile acid and xenobiotics metabolism. Drugs that specifically activate HNF4α could be developed for treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and cholestasis, as well as drug metabolism and detoxification.
Carbohydrate partitioning, photosynthesis and growth in Lemna gibba G3. I: Effects of nitrogen limitation

The growth rate of Lemna giba L. G3 was varied by limiting the supply of nitrogen (N) under otherwise constant condition. Two experimental approaches were used. 1) A series of suboptimally growing cultures were supplid daily with exponentially increasing doses on N. 2) Optimally growing cultures were transferred to a N-fre medium and cultivated in it for 10 days. Lveles of starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and systems. At RGR ranging from optimal to 50% of optimal caused decreased levels of soluble sugars, but increased lvels of starch.Starch accumulation showed a strong negative correlation with the CO2 assimilation rate, indicating increased triose phosphate/inorganic phosphate (TP/Pi) ratio in the chloroplast causing end product inhibition of photosyntheisis. The data indicat the quantitative rlationship betwen the photosynthetic activity and the carbon utilization rate influnces the activity of the sucrose synthesis pathway and thus the rate of the triose hosphate/Pi exchange at the chloroplast membrane, which in turn regulates the activity of starch synthesis and the Calvin cycle.
Get cirrus in the fight against climate change

Feathery cirrus clouds are beautiful, but when it comes to climate change, they are the enemy. Found at high-altitude and made of small ice crystals, they trap heat--so more cirrus means a warmer world. Now it seems that, by destroying cirrus, people could reverse all the warming Earth has experienced so far.
Location and kinetic properties of the cellulase system of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus

The cellulose-solubilizing and carboxymethylcellulase activities of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus were observed to exist largely in a soluble form whereas β-glucosidase activity was cell associated. Reducing agents significantly enhanced cellulose-solubilizing activity, and thiol-binding agents at micromolar concentrations resulted in almost total inhibition of this activity. Carboxymethylcellulase activity was also inhibited by these agents but to a lesser degree. Cellulose-solubilizing activity was strongly stimulated by Mg2+ and Ca2+ but these ions had a negligible effect on carboxymethylcellulase activity. Cellulase activity was not inhibited by glucose and only slightly by cellobiose. A strong preference for p-nitrophenylglucoside over cellobiose by β-glucosidase activity was observed.
Chunks et activation : un modèle de facilitation du traitement linguistique

Nous proposons dans cet article d'integrer la notion de chunk au sein d'une architecture globale de traitement de la phrase. Les chunks jouent un role important dans les theories cognitives comme ACT-R \citeAnderson04 : il s'agit d'unites de traitement globales auxquelles il est possible d'acceder directement via des buffers en memoire a court ou long terme. Ces chunks sont construits par une fonction d'activation (processus cognitif pouvant etre quantifie) s'appuyant sur l'evaluation de leur relation au contexte. Nous proposons une interpretation de cette theorie appliquee a l'analyse syntaxique. Un mecanisme de construction des chunks est propose. Nous developpons pour cela une fonction d'activation tirant parti de la representation de l'information linguistique sous forme de contraintes. Cette fonction permet de montrer en quoi les chunks sont faciles a construire et comment leur existence facilite le traitement de la phrase. Plusieurs exemples sont proposes, illustrant cette hypothese de facilitation.
Stoichiometry and Nutrition of Plant Growth in Natural Communities

Stoichiometric relations in plants, with emphasis on C:N:P, are reviewed. Both theoretically and empirically it is found for whole plants as well as for different tissues that nitrogen concentrations increase slower than phosphorus concentrations. A lack of data prevents the establishment of relations between nitrogen and other elements. Optimal element ratios where elements are simultaneously limiting growth can be established. There is a considerable variability around these optimal ratios in observed values. Conclusions about the ecological significance of stoichiometric relations based on these observations may therefore be biased. The significance of this variability remains to be established.
Effects of Increasing Age on Fecundity of Old-aged Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)

Abstract. Senescence is a decline in body function with advanced age that manifests itself in birds as a decrease in survival rates or reproduction. Senescence is difficult to study in free-ranging birds because few birds reach old age and few studies last long enough to identify those birds that do. For 21 years, I studied lifelong reproduction among Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) nesting in New Haven County, Connecticut. These data were used to determine the impact of old age on female and male fecundity during the current year and during the remainder of the birds' lives. Old-aged geese were relatively common in this population; 15% of recruited geese lived 10 years, 3% lived 15 years, and one female lived 20 years. Females that nested when they were between 5 and 9 years old had a mean clutch size of 4.5, brood size at hatching of 3.4, and brood size at fledging of 2.9. Females that nested when they were at least 10 years old had a mean clutch size of 4.7, brood size at hatching of 3.4, and brood size at fledging of 3.3. These variables were independent of age for both sexes. Future reproduction (number of future nesting years and future production of eggs, hatchlings, and fledglings) declined with parental age for males but not females. Body mass of nesting birds did not change with age for either males or females. These results provided evidence of an effect of senescence in male Canada Geese but not females. The terminal investment hypothesis (i.e., that parental investment should increase as birds become older) was not supported for either sex.
Respiratory activity of the cryophilic alga “Chlorella” saccharophila at different temperatures

Abstract This study deals with the respiratory activity of the cryophilic microalga “Chlorella” saccharophila to the growth temperatures of 4°C and 16°C. The analyses showed that this alga responded positively to the temperature rise by increasing its growth rate. Moreover, the higher temperature did not affect the ultrastructural organization of the algal cells. As regards the respiration rate, it did not show a substantial difference in algae grown at 4°C or 16°C. Respiration analyses, accomplished after treatments with inhibitors of the distinct mitochondrial electron transport pathways, as well as western analysis carried out with an antibody against the alternative oxidase (AOX), suggested that the lack of decrease in oxygen consumption at the lower temperature could depend on a great activity of the alternative cyanide-resistant pathway.
CSR Towards Workplace and Human Resource Disclosure: Employees’ Perspectives

This paper explores employee’s understanding on the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and their perceptions towards disclosure of workplace and human resource information. Twenty three employees from various levels and functions from eight Public Listed Companies (PLCs) in Malaysia were interviewed to gain their understanding on the concepts of CSR and their perceptions on the importance of company’s workplace and human resource disclosure. The results show that employees’ understanding of CSR are more on the involvement of company in society, community and environmental activities. The study also revealed a large potential of good positive effects for company to voluntarily disclose workplace and human resource information such as increased company image to the public as well as good recruitment policy and strategy for the company in getting and retaining talented staffs. As for social responsibility disclosure (SRD), employees did not really appreciate disclosure in annual reports as they fully utilised the information through the medium of internal communication such as email, company portal, bulletin and magazine.Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, workplace and human resource, employee expectations
Seed Persistence in the Field May Be Predicted by Laboratory-Controlled Aging

Abstract Weed management is complicated by the presence of soil seed banks. The complexity of soil–seed interactions means that seed persistence in the field is often difficult to measure, let alone predict. Field trials, although accurate in their context, are time-consuming and expensive to conduct for individual species. Some ex situ techniques for estimating seed life expectancy have been proposed, but these fail to simulate the environmental complexity of the field. Also, it has been questioned whether techniques such as the controlled aging test (CAT) are useful indicators of field persistence. This study aimed to test the validity of the standard CAT (seed aging at 45 C and 60% relative humidity) in use at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K., for predicting field seed-persistence. Comparison of seed persistence and CAT data for 27 northwest European species suggested a significant positive correlation of 0.31. Subsequently, 13 species of emerging and common weeds of Queensland were assessed for their seed longevity using the CAT. The seed longevity data of these species in the CAT were linked with field seed-persistence data according to three broad seed-persistence categories: < 1 yr, 1 to 3 yr, and > 3 yr. We discuss the scope for using the CAT as a tool for rapid assignment of species to these categories. There is a need for further studies that compare predictions of seed persistence based on the CAT with seed persistence in the field for a larger range of species and environments.
THE RESPONSE OF TUNDRA PLANT BIOMASS, ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION, NITROGEN, AND CO2 FLUX TO EXPERIMENTAL WARMING

We manipulated air temperature in tussock tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska, and determined the consequences for total plant biomass, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), ecosystem nitrogen (N) pools and N uptake, and ecosystem CO2 flux. After 3.5 growing seasons, in situ plastic greenhouses that raised air temperature during the growing season had little effect on total biomass, N content, or growing-season N uptake of the major plant and soil pools. Similarly, vascular ANPP and net ecosystem CO2 exchange did not change with warming, although net primary production of mosses decreased with warming. Such general lack of response supports the hypothesis that productivity in tundra is constrained by the indirect effects of cold temperatures (e.g., low nutrient availability or short growing-season length) rather than by cold growing-season temperatures per se. Despite no effect on net ecosystem CO2 flux, air warming stimulated early-season gross photosynthesis (GP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) througho.
Laboratory assignments for teaching introductory signal processing concepts

This thesis proposes labs for a new, applications-based signal processing class. These labs span topics in audio, image, and video processing and will combine signal processing techniques with computational tools. The goal of these labs is to improve student understanding of signal processing concepts and show them the power of signal processing in everyday applications. Thesis Supervisor: Adam Hartz Title: Lecturer
Difference of Glucose variability between Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie Restriction (CR)

Background: There have been lots of discussion and controversy concerning the difference between Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie Restriction (CR). The important points include glucose variability, glucose-lowering effect, weight reduction degree and influence on lipid metabolism. Subjects and Methods: Enrolled subjects were 47 patients with T2DM. Methods included the study for providing subjects CR meal with 60% carbohydrate on day 1-2 and LCD meal with 12% on day 3-14. Daily profile of blood glucose was studied seven times a day on day 2 and day 4. Further, biomarkers including HbA1c, average blood glucose, and M value were investigated and analyzed for mutual correlations. Results: Subjects were categorized into 4 groups according to the average glucose value, which were 124mg/dL, 160mg/dL, 206mg/dL, and 281mg/dL, respectively. Data in 4 groups were as follows: Number; 12,12,12,11, Male/Female; 6/6, 3/9, 6/6, 5/6, mean age; 51.3, 60.9, 65.3, 60.6 years old, HbA1c; 6.1%, 7.1%, 8.0%, 8.9%, fasting glucose on day 2; 109 mg/dL, 136 mg/dL, 178 mg/dL, 224mg/dL, respectively. Daily profiles of blood glucose in 4 groups on day 4 were remarkably decreased than those of day 2. The levels of M value indicating average blood glucose and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) on day 2 vs 4 were compared in 4 groups, which are 7.1 vs 10.5, 39.7 vs 5.0, 139 vs 15.7, 367 vs88, respectively. Correlations among HbA1c, M value and average blood glucose showed significant correlations (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: Obtained results showed that the distribution of daily profile of blood glucose in 4 groups is separated. Further similar tendency was observed in HbA1c and M value.
Changes in megafaunal benthic communities in different habitats after trawling disturbance

As part of a long-term study to examine the ecological effects of beam-trawling, we investigated the immediate impact of fishing on the megafaunal component of a benthic community and the extent to which it had recovered 6 months later. A quantitative dredge was used to collect megafaunal samples following a replicated, paired control and treatment design to maximize the chances of detecting any effects due to trawling. There were two different habitats with distinct communities in the experimental area, one with stable sediments and a rich fauna, the other with mobile sediment and a relatively impoverished fauna. Immediately after fishing the composition of the community in the stable sediments was significantly altered. While the abundance of some species decreased (e.g. sea mice Aphrodita aculeata), others apparently increased (e.g. hermit crabs Pagurus bernhardus). Variation between samples from the fished areas was higher than those from the control areas. This suggests that the effects of trawling were not uniform, even though the treatment area was entirely swept at least once. The effects of fishing were not detectable in the mobile sediments. Six months later, seasonal changes had occurred in both communities and the effects of the trawling disturbance were no longer evident.
UNITED STATES LAND USE INVENTORY FOR ESTIMATING BIOGENIC OZONE PRECURSOR EMISSIONS

The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) EROS (Earth Resources Observation System) Data Center’s (EDC) 1-km classified land cover data are combined with other land use data using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to create the Biogenic Emissions Landcover Database (BELD). The land cover data are being used to estimate biogenic emissions in the contiguous United States. These emissions include volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from vegetation and nitric oxide (NO) from soils. The EDC data are used predominately in the western United States, while other sources, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture and the U.S. Forest Service Eastwide Forest Inventory and Analysis Database (EWDB), are used in the eastern United States. The EROS Data Center land cover classifications must be used with caution in heterogenous areas. Emission factors vary drastically by specific crop and tree genera, and mixed classes in the EDC scheme may not always accurately reflect the actual crop/genus.
Accouchement en plateau technique versus prise en charge classique, en maternité de type I pour les grossesses à bas risque obstétrical : complications marterno-foetales et néonatales. Profil socio-démographique des parturientes

Introduction : Le plateau technique, alliant physiologie et moindre medicalisation, n'engendre-il pas un sur risque materno-foetal ? le profil socio-demographique des meres n’est-il pas specifique ? Objectifs : Decrire les complications maternelles et neonatales au cours du travail et de l’accouchement et le profil epidemiologique des parturientes selon le type de prise en charge. Materiel et methode : Etude de cohorte incluant 291 parturientes a bas risque. Les donnees maternelles et perinatales etaient analysees. Resultats : 85,71% des enfants sont nes par voie basse spontanee en plateau contre 71,34% en maternite niveau 1, cette difference n'etant pas significative. Au sein du plateau technique, a ete constate un taux significativement inferieur : d'analgesie peridurale (35,29% versus 69,73%), de delivrance dirigee (19,3% versus 87,25%), d'amniotomie (16,61% versus 47,87%), d'ocytociques (16% versus 51,06%) et d'episiotomies (11,26% versus 25,44%). Aucune difference significative concernant l’issue neonatale. Bien que comparables du point de vue geographique, de la parite et de la corpulence, les parturientes en plateau etaient significativement plus âgees (64,08% de 30/40 ans), d'un niveau d'etudes plus eleve (82,44% d'enseignement superieur), moins consommatrices de tabac (15,53%) et mieux couvertes socialement (6,67% de CMU). Discussion : Indeniablement satisfaites, les parturientes accedant au plateau beneficient d'une alternative sure, sous couvert d'une prise en charge hospitaliere si necessaire. Conclusion : les parturientes s'orientant vers le plateau technique, en moyenne plus âgees,appartiennent a une CSP plus elevee. Cette pratique n'induit pas davantage de complicationsmaterno-foetal, voire ameliore le pronostic maternel.
Grazing Lawns in Terai Grasslands, Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal 1

We compared the community structure, nutritive quality, and aboveground biomass of grazing lawns (patches of shortgrass communities) to neighboring grasslands in the Terai of western Nepal. Grazing lawns differed from the adjacent grasslands in species composition and community structure. Species diversity and species richness were higher on grazing lawns (H = 1.60, S = 20.93) than the grasslands (H = 0.97, S = 8.97). Fencing that excluded grazers for 150 days made areas of grazing lawns indistinguishable from neighboring grasslands in terms of plant height and biomass. Growing shoots of forage from grazing lawns had higher digestibility, crude protein, and sodium than forage from the grasslands. Grazing lawns appear to be maintained by continuous grazing and are enriched by deposition of urine, dung, and by certain plant species not found in the the adjacent grasslands.
Numerical modeling of lightning initiation and stepped leader propagation

Initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) observed at the beginning of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes and stepped leaders that followed IBPs were modeled using multi-sensor electric field change (E-change) measurements. This study uses data collected with a network of ten E-change sensors located at Kennedy Space Center. Locations (x, y, z, t) of IBPs were found using a time-of-arrival technique called PBFA. Location errors were determined from Monte Carlo simulations and were usually less than 100 m for horizontal coordinates and several hundreds of meters for altitude. Comparison of PBFA source locations to locations from a VHF lightning mapping system shows that PBFA locates most of the ‘classic’ IBPs while the VHF system locates only a few percent of them. As the flash develops during the IB stage, PBFA and the VHF system obtain similar locations when they detect the same IBPs. PBFA also can reliably locate the IBPs of intra-cloud flashes and return stroke (RS) locations. PBFA locations were used as constraints to model six ‘classic’ IBPs using three modified transmission line (MTL) models (MTLL–linearly decaying current, MTLE–exponentially decaying current, MTLEI–exponentially increasing current) from the literature and a new model, MTLK, with the current following the Kumaraswami distribution. All four models did a good job of modeling all six IBPs; the MTLE model was most often the best fit. It is important to note that for a given pulse, there is good agreement between the different models on a number of parameters: current risetime, current falltime, two current shape factors, current propagation speed, and the IBP charge moment change. Ranges and mean values of physical quantities found are: current risetime [4.8– 25, (13±6)] μs, current falltime [15–37, (25±6)] μs, current speed [0.78–1.8, (1.3±0.3)]×10 m/s (excluding one extreme case of MTLEI), channel length [0.20–1.6, (0.6±0.3)] km, charge moment [0.015–0.30, (0.12±0.10)] C km, peak current [16–404, (80±80)] kA , and absolute average line