Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI ANTARA EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum) DAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L.) TERHADAP Porphyromonas gingivalis

Almost people in the world got periodontal disease. It is about 50 % of adult population. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is anaerobic negative gram bacteria and played role in periodontitis, especially chronic periodontitis. Periodontal disease can be prevented by decreasing of plaque accumulation with oral rinse. Oral rinse can use traditional herbal, such as green and red betel leaf. Aim of this study was to know difference of antibacterial effectivity of green (piper betle l) and red (piper crocatum) betel leaf extract toward P. gingivalis. This research used well diffusion methods. There used 24 samples and divided 3 groups. First group used red betel leaf extract, second group used green betel leaf extract and third group used sterile aquadest. The samples were incubated for 24 hours in room temperature 37°C. Then, they were measured by inhibition zone by calipers. The result showed diameters of inhibition zone of green betel leaf was larger than red betel leaf and sterile aquadest. One way Anova test showed there was significant difference between the groups. The conclusion showed green betel leaf extract had antibacterial activity more than red betel leaf extract toward P. gingivalis.
Tratamiento con topiramato en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria

Objetivo. Estudiar el resultado de la administracion de topiramato (TPM) a pacientes con epilepsia refractaria al tratamiento con dos o mas farmacos antiepilepticos. Pacientes y metodos. Se evaluo un total de 50 pacientes. El 90% tenia crisis parciales (parciales simples, parciales complejas y parciales con generalizacion secundaria) y el 10% crisis generalizadas. La etiologia mas frecuente fue la sintomatica (52% de los casos). El 98% de los pacientes se trataba con dos o tres farmacos. Se anadio TPM, con un intervalo de dosis entre 75 y 550 mg, y se hicieron visitas de seguimiento durante nueve meses. Resultados. 12 pacientes permanecieron libres de crisis, al menos durante los tres ultimos meses del estudio; en 20 pacientes hubo una reduccion del 50% o mas en su numero de crisis; en 14 pacientes no se observaron cambios, y en los cuatro restantes aumento el numero de crisis. Las crisis de etiologia idiopatica tienen mejor resultado, y las crisis parciales complejas, peor. Se analizan los factores que pudieron influir en los distintos grados de respuesta. Conclusiones. El TPM fue eficaz en todos los tipos de crisis. El 24% de los pacientes se libro de las crisis, y se elevo el porcentaje total de respondedores al 64%. Ningun paciente abandono el estudio por intolerancia a la medicacion.
A single arm, multicenter, open label, phase II study of lapatinib as 2L treatment of pts with locally advanced/metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelial tract

4594 Background: Lapatinib is an oral reversible inhibitor of ErbB1 (EGFR) and ErbB2 (HER-2/neu) receptor tyrosine kinases. Methods: The primary endpoint was RECIST response rate. Key eligibility criteria included stage IIIB/IV TCC of the bladder, progression following a first-line platinum regimen, expression of ErbB1 and or ErbB2 (1, 2 or 3+ by IHC) and KPS ≥ 70. Lapatinib (1250 mg, qd) was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumor and safety assessments were performed every 8 and 4 wks, respectively. Cardiac function was monitored at baseline and every 8 wks. Tumor tissue was analyzed for biomarkers (TUNEL, p53, pAkt, Her3, pHer3, pErk, IGF-1R, Rb, pS6). Results: Fifty-nine pts were enrolled. Investigators reported 2 (3%) PRs and 12 (20%) SD; independent radiologic review (IRR) reported 1 (2%) PR and 18 (31%) SD. Based upon investigator and IRR, six and three pts had durable SD lasting 4 and 6 mos, respectively. At wk 8, 10 pts had some degree of cytoreduction; however, mos.
Immunological Response of Albino Rats Immunized with UV-Killed Candida albicans

The treatments of systemic candidiasis in humans with the current antifungal drugs of choice such as azole derivatives and amphotericin B have raised issues of toxicity and resistance among others. The immunogenic property of killed C. albicans was explored to evoke immunological response in the possible prevention of candidemia. Rats were immunized after acclimatization on two occasions with 106 cells/ml of Ultraviolet radiation killed C. albicans and subsequently challenged with 106 viable C. albicans. Two other groups; positive and negative controls received same dose of viable C. albicans and normal saline respectively. Five rats each from the groups mentioned were bled for the determination of antibody titers and white blood cell differentials. Also, other rats from the three groups were observed for 28 days for survival after challenge to determine the protective effect of the ultraviolet killed C. albicans. The results revealed that Ultraviolet killed C. albicans stimulated a significant amount of antibodies and white blood cell differentials that were immunoprotective. We also found that all immunized rats survived challenge with 106 viable cells while the kidneys of the dead unimmunized rats showed a positive growth of C. albicans. Thus, Ultraviolet killed C. albicans could provide significant protection.
Study on factors involved in formation of in vitro potato seedlings and microtuber

The effects of sterilization methods and various combinations of BA and 2, 4-D in different concentrations on induction of adventitious buds, of light condition on microtuber formation, and of method of forcing on rate of bud sprouting in potato were studied. The results indicated that the sterilization using 70% ethanol 30 sec, 0.1% HgCl_(2) 1 min improved survival rate of the stem meristem; the combination of 0.4 mg/L BA and 2 mg/L 2, 4-D enhanced dventitious bud induction; low supplemental light increased microtuber yield; thorned microtuber that experienced soaking in a solution of 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D and GA_(3) for 8 hours gave the best rate of bud sprouting.
ICD-1/BTF3 antagonizes SKN-1-mediated endoderm specification in Caenorhabditis elegans

Figure 1: A) Amino acid sequence of ICD-1. The putative nuclear localization signal is highlighted in red. B) The effects of icd-1 RNAi on N2, skn-1(zu67), mom-2(or42), and mom-4(or39) absence-of-endoderm phenotype. At least three replicates were performed per experiment with >200 embryos scored per experiment. Student t-test (NS p-value> 0.05, ** p-value ≤ 0.01, *** p-value ≤ 0.001). C) Hypothesized model of ICD-1 function in endoderm specification, positing that it antagonizes the SKN-1 input upstream of END-1/3.
Modelling and analysing the coexistence of dual dilemmas in the proactive vaccination game and retroactive treatment game in epidemic viral dynamics

The dynamics of a spreadable disease are largely governed by four factors: proactive vaccination, retroactive treatment, individual decisions, and the prescribing behaviour of physicians. Under the imposed vaccination policy and antiviral treatment in society, complex factors (costs and expected effects of the vaccines and treatments, and fear of being infected) trigger an emulous situation in which individuals avoid infection by the pre-emptive or ex post provision. Aside from the established voluntary vaccination game, we propose a treatment game model associated with the resistance evolution of antiviral/antibiotic overuse. Moreover, the imperfectness of vaccinations has inevitably led to anti-vaccine behaviour, necessitating a proactive treatment policy. However, under the excessively heavy implementation of treatments such as antiviral medicine, resistant strains emerge. The model explicitly exhibits a dual social dilemma situation, in which the treatment behaviour changes on a local time scale, and the vaccination uptake later evolves on a global time scale. The impact of resistance evolution and the coexistence of dual dilemmas are investigated by the control reproduction number and the social efficiency deficit, respectively. Our investigation might elucidate the substantial impacts of both vaccination and treatment in the framework of epidemic dynamics, and hence suggest the appropriate use of antiviral treatment.
Visualization and Analysis of Whole Depot Adipose Tissue Innervation

Adipose tissue requires neural innervation in order to regulate important metabolic functions. Though seminal work on adipose denervation has underscored the importance of adipose-nerve interactions in both white (energy storing) and brown (energy expending) adipose tissues, much remains a mystery. This is due, in part, to the inability to effectively visualize the various nerve subtypes residing within these tissues and to gain a comprehensive quantitation of neurite density in an entire depot. With the recent surge of advanced imaging techniques such as light sheet microscopy and optical clearing procedures, adipose tissue imaging has been reinvigorated with a focus on three-dimensional analysis of tissue innervation. However, clearing techniques are time consuming, often require solvents caustic to objective lenses, alter tissue morphology, and greatly reduce fluorophore lifespan. Not only are current methods of imaging wholemount adipose tissues inconvenient, but often attempts to quantify neurite density across physiological or pathophysiological conditions have been limited to representative section sampling. We have developed a new method of adipose tissue neurite imaging and quantitation that is faster than current clearing-based methods, does not require caustic chemicals, and leaves the tissue fully intact. Maintenance of a fully intact depot allowed for tiling z-stacks and producing maximum intensity projections of the entire adipose depot, which were then used to quantify neurite density across the tissue. With this processing method we were able to characterize the nerves, nerve-subtypes, and neurovascular interactions within the inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice using up to five fluorescent channels at high resolution. We also utilized second harmonic generation, which provides label-free imaging, to investigate collagen fiber abundance in adipose of obese mice.
Localized accumulation of Xist RNA in X chromosome inactivation

The non-coding RNA Xist regulates the process of X chromosome inactivation, in which one of the two X chromosomes present in cells of early female mammalian embryos is selectively and coordinately shut down. Remarkably Xist RNA functions in cis, affecting only the chromosome from which it is transcribed. This feature is attributable to the unique propensity of Xist RNA to accumulate over the territory of the chromosome on which it is synthesized, contrasting with the majority of RNAs that are rapidly exported out of the cell nucleus. In this review I provide an overview of the progress that has been made towards understanding localized accumulation of Xist RNA, drawing attention to evidence that some other non-coding RNAs probably function in a highly analogous manner. I describe a simple model for localized accumulation of Xist RNA and discuss key unresolved questions that need to be addressed in future studies.
Drug-Induced Musculoskeletal Syndromes and Soft-Tissue Rheumatism

Drug-induced musculoskeletal syndromes represent a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic biological abnormalities to severe organ-threatening manifestations. Many drugs have been implicated in inducing rheumatological adverse events. For some compounds, there is pathological or epidemiological evidence for a causal link, and for others, the association is based on anecdotal reports. Several different types of musculoskeletal symptoms occur ranging from chondropathy to arthritis to periarticular symptoms. The most common afflictions are hyperuricemia and gout arising from a variety of commonly used medications such as antitubercular drugs, diuretics, and low-dose aspirin. Although virtually all drug classes may induce some form of musculoskeletal disorders, a significant chunk is corticosteroids, especially injectable, antibiotics, lipid-lowering agents, and newer generation antidiabetics. Knowledge of drug-induced musculoskeletal disorders avoids burdening the patient with an array of unnecessary investigations and allows optimal management of the patients, which includes early discontinuation of the offending agent.
THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT OF ALZHEIMER'S

■ Abstract Recent developments in basic research suggest that therapeutic breakthroughs may occur in Alzheimer’s disease treatment over the coming decades. To model the potential magnitude and nature of the effect of these advances, historical data from congestive heart failure and Parkinson’s disease were used. Projections indicate that therapies which delay disease onset will markedly reduce overall disease prevalence, whereas therapies to treat existing disease will alter the proportion of cases that are mild as opposed to moderate/severe. The public health impact of such changes would likely involve both the amount and type of health services needed. Particularly likely to arise are new forms of outpatient services, such as disease-specific clinics and centers. None of our models predicts less than a threefold rise in the total number of persons with Alzheimer’s disease between 2000 and 2050. Therefore, Alzheimer’s care is likely to remain a major public health problem during the coming decades.
Age-Related Structural and Functional Changes in the Mouse Lung

Lung function declines with advancing age. To improve our understanding of the structure-function relationships leading to this decline, we investigated structural alterations in the lung and their impact on micromechanics and lung function in the aging mouse. Lung function analysis was performed in 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months old C57BL/6 mice (n = 7–8/age), followed by lung fixation and stereological sample preparation. Lung parenchymal volume, total, ductal and alveolar airspace volume, alveolar volume and number, septal volume, septal surface area and thickness were quantified by stereology as well as surfactant producing alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cell volume and number. Parenchymal volume, total and ductal airspace volume increased in old (18 and 24 months) compared with middle-aged (6 and 12 months) and young (3 months) mice. While the alveolar number decreased from young (7.5 × 106) to middle-aged (6 × 106) and increased again in old (9 × 106) mice, the mean alveolar volume and mean septal surface area per alveolus conversely first increased in middle-aged and then declined in old mice. The ATII cell number increased from middle-aged (8.8 × 106) to old (11.8 × 106) mice, along with the alveolar number, resulting in a constant ratio of ATII cells per alveolus in all age groups (1.4 ATII cells per alveolus). Lung compliance and inspiratory capacity increased, whereas tissue elastance and tissue resistance decreased with age, showing greatest changes between young and middle-aged mice. In conclusion, alveolar size declined significantly in old mice concomitant with a widening of alveolar ducts and late alveolarization. These changes may partly explain the functional alterations during aging. Interestingly, despite age-related lung remodeling, the number of ATII cells per alveolus showed a tightly controlled relation in all age groups.
Sensorimotor Contingencies as a Key Drive of Development: From Babies to Robots

Much current work in robotics focuses on the development of robots capable of autonomous unsupervised learning. An essential prerequisite for such learning to be possible is that the agent should be sensitive to the link between its actions and the consequences of its actions, called sensorimotor contingencies. This sensitivity, and more particularly its role as a key drive of development, has been widely studied by developmental psychologists. However, the results of these studies may not necessarily be accessible or intelligible to roboticians. In this paper, we review the main experimental data demonstrating the role of sensitivity to sensorimotor contingencies in infants’ acquisition of four fundamental motor and cognitive abilities: body knowledge, memory, generalization, and goal-directedness. We relate this data from developmental psychology to work in robotics, highlighting the links between these two domains of research. In the last part of the article we present a blueprint architecture demonstrating how exploitation of sensitivity to sensorimotor contingencies, combined with the notion of “goal,” allows an agent to develop new sensorimotor skills. This architecture can be used to guide the design of specific computational models, and also to possibly envisage new empirical experiments.
ER Stress and the UPR in Shaping Intestinal Tissue Homeostasis and Immunity

An imbalance in the correct protein folding milieu of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can cause ER stress, which leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR constitutes a highly conserved and intricately regulated group of pathways that serve to restore ER homeostasis through adaptation or apoptosis. Numerous studies over the last decade have shown that the UPR plays a critical role in shaping immunity and inflammation, resulting in the recognition of the UPR as a key player in pathological processes including complex inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. The intestinal epithelium, with its many highly secretory cells, forms an important barrier and messenger between the luminal environment and the host immune system. It is not surprising, that numerous studies have associated ER stress and the UPR with intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the roles of ER stress and the UPR in shaping immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, the role played by the UPR in disease, with emphasis on IBD and CRC, is described here. As a key player in immunity and inflammation, the UPR has been increasingly recognized as an important pharmacological target in the development of therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated pathologies. We summarize available strategies targeting the UPR and their therapeutic implications. Understanding the balance between homeostasis and pathophysiology, as well as means of manipulating this balance, provides an important avenue for future research.
Effects of hip replacement combined with alendronate sodium on postoperative healing of osteoporotic femoral neck fracture and levels of CTX-1 and BALP in patients

This study aimed to explore the improvement of hip replacement combined with alendronate sodium on the condition of patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fracture and factors affecting the efficacy of patients. In total, 140 patients with femoral neck fracture from July 2015 to October 2017 in the Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University were collected. Of these, 61 patients were treated with hip replacement as the control group and 79 patients were treated with alendronate sodium as the observation group on the basis of the control group. ELISA was used to detect levels of carboxy-terminal opeptide of type I collagen (CTX–I) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in serum of patients before and after treatment. Harris score was used to compare the clinical efficacy of patients after treatment. Changes in the expression of CTX–I and BALP before and after treatment were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between CTX–I and BALP levels and Harris score was analyzed. According to the clinical efficacy of patients, the two groups were divided into the significant effect group and poor effect group. Risk factors affecting the efficacy of patients were analyzed, and the ROC of subjects with risk factors was drawn. After treatment, the expression of BALP in serum increased significantly compared with that before treatment, and the expression of CTX–I decreased significantly. After treatment, the expression of BALP in serum in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, time of operation, CTX–I after treatment and BALP after treatment were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of patients. In conclusion, hip replacement combined with alendronate sodium can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of patients, and age, time of operation, CTX–I after treatment and BALP after treatment are found to be independent risk factors affecting the postoperative efficacy of patients.
Jumping Height Does Not Increase in Well Trained Volleyball Players After Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation

Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) increases corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability, and may be a new tool for increasing muscle explosive performance in sports training. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether tsDCS can enhance jumping ability in trained humans practicing volleyball. Twenty eight participants completed the study, including 21 men and 7 women. We investigated the effects of a single 15-minute session of sham, anodal, and cathodal tsDCS over spine and shoulder on repeated counter movement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) performance at 0, 30 and 60 min post-stimulation. The order of SJs and CMJs sets in each session was randomized. Each SJ and CMJ set consisted of 3 jumps. The break between each attempt was 1 min and the interval between the sets was 3 min. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA did not show effect of time, nor stimulation method, nor stimulation method × time interactions on SJ (time: F(1.8,142.1) = 1.054; p = 0.346, stimulation: F(2,78) = 0.019; p = 0.981, stimulation × time: F(3.6,142.1) = 0.725; p = 0.564) or CMJ (time: F(1.8,140.9) = 2.092; p = 0.132, stimulation: F(2,78) = 0.005; p = 0.995, stimulation × time: F(3.6,140.9) = 0.517; p = 0.705) performance. Single session of tsDCS over spine and shoulder does not increase jumping height in well-trained volleyball players. This is an important finding for coaches and strength conditioning professionals for understanding the practical utility of tsDCS for enhancing muscular explosiveness.
Treatment with toll-like receptor 2 inhibitor ortho-vanillin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in mice

Reducing inflammation is a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of septic acute kidney injury (AKI), since AKI is characterized by excessive inflammation in the kidney. Previous studies have demonstrated that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is overstimulated, which promotes inflammation by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of AKI mice. For the present study, it was hypothesized that TLR2 inhibition could reduce inflammation and consequently prevent septic AKI. Therefore, the potential renal protective effects of ortho-vanillin (OV), an inhibitor of TLR2, were investigated in the present study in vitro and in vivo. In vitro treatment with OV on LPS-stimulated mouse podocyte cell line MPC5 did not affect TLR2 expression but interrupted the interaction between TLR2 and its downstream adaptor MyD88, resulting in the reduction of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α expression. In vivo OV treatment in an LPS-challenged mouse model effectively alleviated LPS-induced kidney injury as indicated by histology analysis and the significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β expression were also significantly reduced in mice with OV treatment. Signaling pathway analysis further demonstrated that OV treatment did not affect the expression of TLR2 and p65 but suppressed p65 phosphorylation. Taken together, data from the present study demonstrated that OV was effective in protecting renal function against LPS-induced AKI through the inhibition of TLR2/NF-κB signaling and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production. These findings indicated that OV or targeting TLR2 signaling in general, represents a novel therapeutic approach for use in the prevention and treatment of AKI.