Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the exercise‐related proteome signature in skeletal muscle

Exercise training has been recommended as a nonpharmacological strategy for the prevention and attenuation of skeletal muscle atrophy in distinct pathophysiological conditions. Despite the well‐established phenotypic alterations, the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise‐induced skeletal muscle remodeling are poorly characterized. Proteomics based on mass spectrometry have been successfully applied for the characterization of skeletal muscle proteome, representing a pivotal approach for the wide characterization of the molecular networks that lead to skeletal muscle remodeling. Nevertheless, few studies were performed to characterize the exercise‐induced proteome remodeling of skeletal muscle, with only six research papers focused on the cross‐talk between exercise and pathophysiological conditions. In order to add new insights on the impact of distinct exercise programs on skeletal muscle proteome, molecular network analysis was performed with bioinformatics tools. This analysis highlighted an exercise‐related proteome signature characterized by the up‐regulation of the capacity for ATP generation, oxygen delivery, antioxidant capacity and regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Chronic endurance training up‐regulates the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation system, whereas the release of calcium ion into cytosol and amino acid metabolism are the biological processes up‐regulated by a single bout of exercise. Other issues as exercise intensity, load, mode and regimen as well as muscle type also influence the exercise‐induced proteome signature. The comprehensive analysis of the molecular networks modulated by exercise training in health and disease, taking in consideration all these variables, might not only support the therapeutic effect of exercise but also highlight novel targets for the development of enhanced pharmacological strategies.
Chemotherapy better tolerated when matched to body's rhythm

Giving chemotherapy as a variable infusion that mimics circadian rhythms rather than as a constant infusion reduces fivefold the adverse events in patients with colorectal cancer, according to the results of a randomised trial. The technique of variable drug infusion, known as chronotherapy, may benefit all patients with cancer requiring drug therapy by improving response and tolerance, believe French researchers. In their trial the investigators assigned 186 patients with previously untreated metastases from colorectal …
Impaired platelet aggregation in melanoma patients treated with interferon‐α‐2b adjuvant therapy

High‐dose interferon (INF)‐ α‐2b is the only Food and Drug Administration‐approved adjuvant treatment for patients with melanoma who are at high risk of recurrence. Although circumstantial evidence points to a potentially harmful effect of INF‐α‐2b on platelet function, to the authors' knowledge this has never been studied in humans.
Translational neurocardiology: preclinical models and cardioneural integrative aspects

Neuronal elements distributed throughout the cardiac nervous system, from the level of the insular cortex to the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, are in constant communication with one another to ensure that cardiac output matches the dynamic process of regional blood flow demand. Neural elements in their various ‘levels’ become differentially recruited in the transduction of sensory inputs arising from the heart, major vessels, other visceral organs and somatic structures to optimize neuronal coordination of regional cardiac function. This White Paper will review the relevant aspects of the structural and functional organization for autonomic control of the heart in normal conditions, how these systems remodel/adapt during cardiac disease, and finally how such knowledge can be leveraged in the evolving realm of autonomic regulation therapy for cardiac therapeutics.
Hubs and spokes of the lateral hypothalamus: cell types, circuits and behaviour

The hypothalamus is among the most phylogenetically conserved regions in the vertebrate brain, reflecting its critical role in maintaining physiological and behavioural homeostasis. By integrating signals arising from both the brain and periphery, it governs a litany of behaviourally important functions essential for survival. In particular, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is central to the orchestration of sleep–wake states, feeding, energy balance and motivated behaviour. Underlying these diverse functions is a heterogeneous assembly of cell populations typically defined by neurochemical markers, such as the well‐described neuropeptides hypocretin/orexin and melanin‐concentrating hormone. However, anatomical and functional evidence suggests a rich diversity of other cell populations with complex neurochemical profiles that include neuropeptides, receptors and components of fast neurotransmission. Collectively, the LHA acts as a hub for the integration of diverse central and peripheral signals and, through complex local and long‐range output circuits, coordinates adaptive behavioural responses to the environment. Despite tremendous progress in our understanding of the LHA, defining the identity of functionally discrete LHA cell types, and their roles in driving complex behaviour, remain significant challenges in the field. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the neurochemical and cellular heterogeneity of LHA neurons and the recent application of powerful new techniques, such as opto‐ and chemogenetics, in defining the role of LHA circuits in feeding, reward, arousal and stress. From pioneering work to recent developments, we review how the interrogation of LHA cells and circuits is contributing to a mechanistic understanding of how the LHA coordinates complex behaviour.
Changes in the detergent‐insoluble brain proteome linked to amyloid and tau in Alzheimer's Disease progression

Despite a key role of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mechanisms that link Aβ plaques to tau neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive decline still remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to quantify proteins in the sarkosyl‐insoluble brain proteome correlated with Aβ and tau insolubility in the asymptomatic phase of AD (AsymAD) and through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and symptomatic AD. Employing label‐free mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, we quantified 2711 sarkosyl‐insoluble proteins across the prefrontal cortex from 35 individual cases representing control, AsymAD, MCI and AD. Significant enrichment of Aβ and tau in AD was observed, which correlated with neuropathological measurements of plaque and tau tangle density, respectively. Pairwise correlation coefficients were also determined for all quantified proteins to Aβ and tau, across the 35 cases. Notably, six of the ten most correlated proteins to Aβ were U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U1 snRNPs). Three of these U1 snRNPs (U1A, SmD and U1‐70K) also correlated with tau consistent with their association with tangle pathology in AD. Thus, proteins that cross‐correlate with both Aβ and tau, including specific U1 snRNPs, may have potential mechanistic roles in linking Aβ plaques to tau tangle pathology during AD progression.
Loss Reduction Through Worker Satisfaction: The Case of Workers’ Compensation

A prospective study of occupational low back pain (LBP) indicates loss reduction efforts in workers’ compensation that improve workers satisfaction with the treatment of their claim significantly improves levels of recovery (reduces losses) and lowers workers’ compensation insurance costs. The improved outcomes associated with greater worker satisfaction with the firm's treatment of their injury claim, as well as with the treatment from their health care provider, are robust to five alternative measures of back problems, including leg pain and back pain scales, measures of functional limitation, and quality of life scales. Satisfaction with effectiveness of the health care is more important in recovery than satisfaction with the provider's bedside manner. While satisfaction with health care provider significantly improves back pain and functionality at 6 months, satisfaction with the employer's treatment of the claim is equally important at 6 months and grows in quantitative importance at 1 year. Overall, higher satisfaction with claim treatment reduces the likelihood that an injury becomes an indemnity claim and results in almost a 30 percent reduction in claim costs.
Pneumatic balloon actuators for tactile feedback in robotic surgery

Purpose – Robotic surgery is limited by the lack of haptic feedback to the surgeon. The addition of tactile information may enable surgeons to feel tissue characteristics, appropriately tension sutures, and identify pathologic conditions. Tactile feedback may also enable expansion of minimally invasive surgery to other surgical procedures and decrease the learning curve associated with robotic surgery. This paper aims to explore a system to provide tactile feedback.Design/methodology/approach – A pneumatic balloon‐based system has been developed to provide tactile feedback to the fingers of the surgeon during robotic surgery. The system features a polydimethyl siloxane actuator with a thin‐film silicone balloon membrane and a compact pneumatic control system. The 1.0 × 1.8 × 0.4 cm actuators designed for the da Vinci system feature a 3 × 2 array of 3 mm inflatable balloons.Findings – The low‐profile pneumatic system and actuator have been mounted directly onto the da Vinci surgical system. Human perceptua.
Resistance training‐induced changes in integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis are related to hypertrophy only after attenuation of muscle damage

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is one of the main outcomes from resistance training (RT), but how it is modulated throughout training is still unknown. We show that changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) after an initial resistance exercise (RE) bout in the first week of RT (T1) were greater than those seen post‐RE at the third (T2) and tenth week (T3) of RT, with values being similar at T2 and T3. Muscle damage (Z‐band streaming) was the highest during post‐RE recovery at T1, lower at T2 and minimal at T3. When muscle damage was the highest, so was the integrated MyoPS (at T1), but neither were related to hypertrophy; however, integrated MyoPS at T2 and T3 were correlated with hypertrophy. We conclude that muscle hypertrophy is the result of accumulated intermittent increases in MyoPS mainly after a progressive attenuation of muscle damage.
Feature-fusion based object tracking for robot platforms

Purpose – Object tracking has been a challenging problem of robot vision over the decades, which plays a key role in a wide spectrum of visual tracking‐related applications such as surveillance, visual servoing, sensing and navigation in robotics, video compression. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel intensity, orientation codes and geometry (IOCG) histogram variant of the mean‐shift algorithm for object tracking.Design/methodology/approach – Feature cues of intensity, orientation codes and geometric information are fused together to form an IOCG histogram in combination with a conventional mean‐shift‐based tracking algorithm.Findings – Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Not only do fusing orientation codes features allow the proposed algorithm to conduct tracking in a cluttered background, but partial occlusion is also solved in the tracker in that spatial information usually lost in a conventional histogram is compensated by the introdu.
Mother to Child Transmission of HIV

Transmission of HIV from mother to child remains a global priority, despite the fact that highly active antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced the number of infants born HIV-infected in the Western world. A significant number of children worldwide continue to become infected with the virus daily. Studies examining several modified therapies during pregnancy and labor have shown a considerable reduction in the transmission rate. Beyond drug therapy, factors such as viral load, maternal disease, cesarean deliveries, and placental infection also play important roles in transmission. Breastfeeding continues to be a large source of transmission to infants in less developed countries. New studies are examining components in breast milk and drug therapy in an attempt to prevent maternal-child transmission.
The relative contributions of store‐operated and voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels to the control of Ca2+ oscillations in airway smooth muscle

Agonist‐dependent oscillations in the concentration of free cytosolic calcium are a vital mechanism for the control of airway smooth muscle contraction and thus are a critical factor in airway hyper‐responsiveness. Using a mathematical model, closely tied to experimental work, we show that the oscillations in membrane potential accompanying the calcium oscillations have no significant effect on the properties of the calcium oscillations. In addition, the model shows that calcium entry through store‐operated calcium channels is critical for calcium oscillations, but calcium entry through voltage‐gated channels has much less effect. The model predicts that voltage‐gated channels are less important than store‐operated channels in the control of airway smooth muscle tone.
Influenza: Molecular Virology

Iain Stephenson Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK Tel. : +44 116 258 6952 iain.stephenson@uhl-tr.nhs. uk “Influenza: Molecular Virology provides an up-to-date review of the advancements in molecular influenza virology, with additional discussions regarding the use of molecular technology in diagnostic platforms, and statistical modeling to quantify antigenic differences between influenza viruses. ”
Developing a Prehabilitation Program in a Collision Sport: A Model Developed Within English Premiership Rugby Union Football

summary Many sports involve contact that can result in significant injury to participants. In addition, by their very nature, the vast majority of sports have inherent injury risks that can result from the most fundamental of movements, e.g., running, sprinting, accelerating, stepping and changing direction, landing, throwing, etc. However, there is evidence within the literature that it may be possible to reduce the incidence of the most common injuries by the systematic targeting of vulnerable areas of the body. This article outlines a prehabilitation model developed as part of the strength and conditioning program in an English professional rugby union club.
Reduced Hemispheric Asymmetry of Brain Anatomical Networks Is Linked to Schizophrenia: A Connectome Study

Abstract Despite convergent evidence indicating a variety of regional abnormalities of hemispheric asymmetry in schizophrenia, patterns of wider neural network asymmetry remain to be determined. In this study, we investigated alterations in hemispheric white matter topology in schizophrenia and their association with clinical manifestations of the illness. Weighted hemispheric brain anatomical networks were constructed for each of 116 right‐handed patients with schizophrenia and 66 matched healthy participants. Graph theoretical approaches were then employed to estimate the hemispheric topological properties. We found that although small‐world properties were preserved in the hemispheric network, a significant hemispheric‐independent deficit of global integration was found in schizophrenia. Furthermore, a significant group‐by‐hemisphere interaction was revealed in the characteristic path length and global efficiency, attributing to significantly reduced hemispheric asymmetry of global integration in patients compared with healthy controls. Specifically, we found reduced asymmetric nodal efficiency in several frontal regions and the hippocampus. Finally, the abnormal hemispheric asymmetry of brain anatomical network topology was associated with clinical features (duration of illness and psychotic psychopathology) in patients. Our findings provide new insights into lateralized nature of hemispheric dysconnectivity and highlight the potential for using brain network measures of hemispheric asymmetry as neural biomarkers for schizophrenia and its clinical features.
Extending the value of ERP

Two distinct phases of ERP have been identified. The first phase refers to the changes that an organization undergoes in transforming from the old system and “going live” with the ERP system. The second phase, also called the second wave of ERP, refers to the actions subsequent to ERP implementation, that enable the organization to achieve the full capabilities and benefits of ERP. The paper examines the problems organizations frequently experience with ERP implementations, and suggests strategies for extending the value of ERP systems.
Direction of Amygdala‐Neocortex Interaction During Dynamic Facial Expression Processing

Abstract Dynamic facial expressions of emotion strongly elicit multifaceted emotional, perceptual, cognitive, and motor responses. Neuroimaging studies revealed that some subcortical (e.g., amygdala) and neocortical (e.g., superior temporal sulcus and inferior frontal gyrus) brain regions and their functional interaction were involved in processing dynamic facial expressions. However, the direction of the functional interaction between the amygdala and the neocortex remains unknown. To investigate this issue, we re‐analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 2 studies and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from 1 study. First, a psychophysiological interaction analysis of the fMRI data confirmed the functional interaction between the amygdala and neocortical regions. Then, dynamic causal modeling analysis was used to compare models with forward, backward, or bidirectional effective connectivity between the amygdala and neocortical networks in the fMRI and MEG data. The results consistently supported the model of effective connectivity from the amygdala to the neocortex. Further increasing time‐window analysis of the MEG demonstrated that this model was valid after 200 ms from the stimulus onset. These data suggest that emotional processing in the amygdala rapidly modulates some neocortical processing, such as perception, recognition, and motor mimicry, when observing dynamic facial expressions of emotion.
Expression of Serotonin2C Receptors in Pyramidal and GABAergic Neurons of Rat Prefrontal Cortex: A Comparison with Striatum

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is enriched in several serotonin receptors, including 5-HT1A-R, 5-HT2A-R, and 5-HT3-R. These receptors modulate PFC activity due to their expression in large neuronal populations (5-HT1A-R, 5-HT2A-R) or in selected GABAergic populations (5-HT3-R). They are also relevant for antidepressant and antipsychotic drug action. Less is known about the localization of 5-HT2C-R, for which atypical antipsychotics show high affinity. Here, we report on the cellular distribution of 5-HT2C-R in rat PFC and striatum, using double in situ hybridization histochemistry. In PFC, 5-HT2C-R are expressed in pyramidal (VGLUT1-positive) and GABAergic (GAD-positive) neurons, including parvalbumin-positive neurons. There is a marked dorso-ventral gradient in the proportion of VGLUT1-positive cells expressing 5-HT2C-R (9% in the cingulate cortex, 61% in the tenia tecta and 66% in the piriform cortex), less marked for GABAergic neurons (13-27%). There is also a laminar gradient, with more cells expressing 5-HT2C-R in deep (V-VI) than in intermediate (II-III) layers. In common with 5-HT3-R, layer I GABAergic cells express 5-HT2C-R. The proportion of 5-HT2C-R-expressing striatal neurons was 23% (dorsolateral caudate-putamen), 37% (ventromedial caudate-putamen), 53% (nucleus accumbens-core), and 49% (nucleus accumbens-shell). These results help to better understand the serotonergic modulation of PFC-based networks, including basal ganglia circuits, and atypical antipsychotic drug action.
Organizational innovation management: An organization-wide perspective

Purpose – Organizational innovation management (OIM) is one of the critical means to sustain competitiveness in organizational innovation in the long term. Although literature in innovation management has discussed the notions of OIM, an organization‐wide OIM framework has not yet been developed and validated. This project is thus carried out to develop and validate an organization‐wide OIM framework.Design/methodology/approach – From an extensive review of literature, core values and concepts of an OIM conceptual system are developed. Then, OIM critical factors are identified and validated by questionnaires and interviews in the HK/PRD manufacturing industry.Findings – The OIM critical factors are validated by examining the importance of OIM critical factors and the relationship between company accomplishment in individual factors and performance in organizational innovation. Also an organization‐wide OIM hierarchical framework is formulated based on the OIM factors, with an evaluation of the HK/PRD manu.
Where does TMS Stimulate the Motor Cortex? Combining Electrophysiological Measurements and Realistic Field Estimates to Reveal the Affected Cortex Position

Abstract Much of our knowledge on the physiological mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stems from studies which targeted the human motor cortex. However, it is still unclear which part of the motor cortex is predominantly affected by TMS. Considering that the motor cortex consists of functionally and histologically distinct subareas, this also renders the hypotheses on the physiological TMS effects uncertain. We use the finite element method (FEM) and magnetic resonance image‐based individual head models to get realistic estimates of the electric field induced by TMS. The field changes in different subparts of the motor cortex are compared with electrophysiological threshold changes of 2 hand muscles when systematically varying the coil orientation in measurements. We demonstrate that TMS stimulates the region around the gyral crown and that the maximal electric field strength in this region is significantly related to the electrophysiological response. Our study is one of the most extensive comparisons between FEM‐based field calculations and physiological TMS effects so far, being based on data for 2 hand muscles in 9 subjects. The results help to improve our understanding of the basic mechanisms of TMS. They also pave the way for a systematic exploration of realistic field estimates for dosage control in TMS.
Post‐exercise recovery of contractile function and endurance in humans and mice is accelerated by heating and slowed by cooling skeletal muscle

We investigated whether intramuscular temperature affects the acute recovery of exercise performance following fatigue‐induced by endurance exercise. Mean power output was better preserved during an all‐out arm‐cycling exercise following a 2 h recovery period in which the upper arms were warmed to an intramuscular temperature of ̴ 38°C than when they were cooled to as low as 15°C, which suggested that recovery of exercise performance in humans is dependent on muscle temperature. Mechanisms underlying the temperature‐dependent effect on recovery were studied in intact single mouse muscle fibres where we found that recovery of submaximal force and restoration of fatigue resistance was worsened by cooling (16–26°C) and improved by heating (36°C). Isolated whole mouse muscle experiments confirmed that cooling impaired muscle glycogen resynthesis. We conclude that skeletal muscle recovery from fatigue‐induced by endurance exercise is impaired by cooling and improved by heating, due to changes in glycogen resynthesis rate.