Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Survival Rate of Korean Patients with COPD with or without Acute Exacerbations

Results: The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 98% and 83%, respectively. The median survival time was 78 months. The median survival time was 55 months in 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were significantly lower in the 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations than in those without any. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with CRP ＞3 mg/L than in those with CRP ≤3 mg/L (p＜0.005); it was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in those without it (p＜0.01). Conclusion: Because the 5-year survival rate is 83% in Korean patients with COPD, the management of stable patients with COPD should focus on the prevention of acute exacerbations.
Compared to a general wellness programme, an 18-month exercise programme for older women improves bone mineral density and fall risk but has similar improvements in predicted coronary heart disease risk

Commentary on: KemmlerWvon StengelSEngelkeK. Exercise effects on bone mineral density, falls, coronary risk factors, and health care costs in older women: the randomized controlled senior fitness and prevention (SEFIP) study. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:179–85.
The Use of Laser Therapy in Acupuncture

Lasers, are primarily used in Western medicine for their thermal effect. In a laser, we can concentrate intensive electromagnetic energy within a very small area and thus get a burning or cutting effect which can be utilised for various surgical measures. However, another type of laser therapy, primarily developed in the Soviet Union, has developed on the basis of different principles, using weak intensity lasers of a specific wavelength to stimulate biological functions. Laserradiation is not used here for its destructive, antibiotic effect, but for its biotic effect in the sense Inyushin calls 'light-vitamins'. This therapy is based on the principle of bio-resonance. It is a consequence of new developments in biophysical research in the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries, and hashardly begun to penetrate the West. My own knowledge of these new fields of biomedical science is based primarily on a study of scientific literature, a visit to the Soviet Union last autumn, where [ participated in a seminar on bioenergetics under the leadership of Professor Inyushin, and some limited clinical experience in the use of laser therapy and laser acupuncture. In 1923 the Russian biologist Alexander Gurvich made a fundamental discovery whose significance we have only started to realise. In his work with cell cultures, he observed that cellular division in one test tube would initiate the same response in another test tube, although there was no possibility of chemical contact between the two cell cultures. He called this phenomenon biological induction, the induction of biological processes from one living specimen to another. When he placed different screens between the two cell cultures, he found that a glass wall would inhibit the biological induction, while a quartz wall would not. Obviously the cells in the process of division were sending some kind of message to those in the other culture. This could be an example of electromagnetic radi-
Staring, tone of voice, anxiety, mumbling, and pacing in the ED were cues for violence toward nurses

L Luck Correspondence to: Ms L Luck, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia; lauretta.luck@jcu.edu. au Which components of observable behaviour in patients, their families, and friends indicate a potential for violence toward nurses in the emergency department (ED)? Instrumental case study using a concurrent mixed-method approach. 33-bed ED in a public hospital in Australia. 20 ED nurses (90% women). Phase 1 comprised thematic analysis of 50 hours of unstructured participant observation, an unstructured interview with 3 nurses, and researcher journaling. In Phase 2, these findings provided items for a structured observation tool to collect quantitative data and informed the content for the qualitative interview guide. Qualitative data collection comprised 290 hours of participant observation on 51 separate occasions over 5 months (16 violent events were observed); 16 recorded, semi-structured, 45–60 minute interviews with nurses; 13 recorded, informal, and unstructured 30–40 minute field interviews, some of which occurred after a violent event was witnessed; review of organisational documents; and research journaling. Violent behaviour was defined as physical or non-physical (eg, abusive or …
Minimal residual disease in myeloma by flow cytometry: independent prediction of survival benefit per log reduction.

The detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in myeloma using a 0.01% threshold (10(-4)) after treatment is an independent predictor of progression-free survival (PFS), but not always of overall survival (OS). However, MRD level is a continuous variable, and the predictive value of the depth of tumor depletion was evaluated in 397 patients treated intensively in the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX study. There was a significant improvement in OS for each log depletion in MRD level (median OS was 1 year for ≥10%, 4 years for 1% to <10%, 5.9 years for 0.1% to <1%, 6.8 years for 0.01% to <0.1%, and more than 7.5 years for <0.01% MRD). MRD level as a continuous variable determined by flow cytometry independently predicts both PFS and OS, with approximately 1 year median OS benefit per log depletion. The trial was registered at www.isrctn. com as #68454111.
Natural killer (NK) cell function in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a deficiency of NK cells, but not an NK cell deficiency.

To the editor: Treatment of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor deficiency paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) has been revolutionized by the use of the anti-C5 antibody eculizumab, which blocks complement-mediated hemolysis and the associated pathology. [1][1],[2][2] In addition to
Acute GVHD in patients receiving IL-15/4-1BBL activated NK cells following T-cell-depleted stem cell transplantation.

Natural killer (NK) cells can enhance engraftment and mediate graft-versus-leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the potency of graft-versus-leukemia mediated by naturally reconstituting NK cells following HSCT is limited. Preclinical studies demonstrate that activation of NK cells using interleukin-15 (IL-15) plus 4-1BBL upregulates activating receptor expression and augments killing capacity. In an effort to amplify the beneficial effects of NK cells post-HSCT, we conducted a first-in-human trial of adoptive transfer of donor-derived IL-15/4-1BBL-activated NK cells (aNK-DLI) following HLA-matched, T-cell-depleted (1-2 × 10(4) T cells/kg) nonmyeloablative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children and young adults with ultra-high-risk solid tumors. aNK-DLI were CD3(+)-depleted, CD56(+)-selected lymphocytes, cultured for 9 to 11 days with recombinant human IL-15 plus 4-1BBL(+)IL-15Rα(+) artificial antigen-presenting cells. aNK-DLI demonstrated potent killing capacity and displayed high levels of activating receptor expression. Five of 9 transplant recipients experienced acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following aNK-DLI, with grade 4 GVHD observed in 3 subjects. GVHD was more common in matched unrelated donor vs matched sibling donor recipients and was associated with higher donor CD3 chimerism. Given that the T-cell dose was below the threshold required for GVHD in this setting, we conclude that aNK-DLI contributed to the acute GVHD observed, likely by augmenting underlying T-cell alloreactivity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01287104.
Gender differences in trauma mechanisms, and outcomes in a rural hospital which is not designed as trauma centre

Objectives This study aimed to investigate how trauma characteristics and outcomes differ between genders in a rural hospital. Methods Records of trauma patients admitted to a state emergency department (ED) in eastern Turkey, between January 2006 and December 2007 were reviewed and data were analysed based on gender. Results In total, 5379 (87.0%) men and 806 (13.0%) women, totalling 6185 patients, were assessed. Mean age was 26.5 (1 month – 80 years) years for men and 24.7 (2 month – 81 years) years for women. Men comprised 90.2%, 81.3% and 77.3% of the patients injured by assault, motor vehicle incidents and falls, respectively. Women comprised a significantly larger share of suicide attempts (70.8%) than men. Of the men injured, 90.6% were discharged after treatment in the ED. The per cent of hospitalised women (5.8%) was increased compared with the per cent of hospitalised men (p=0.011). There was a higher frequency of transfer among women (8.6%) when compared with men (p<0.001). Women had a mortality frequency of 1.2%, which was similar to the mortality per cent calculated for men. Conclusions Men were at an increased risk for trauma, especially assault. The percentage of women injured and admitted to the ED due to assault was low compared with statistics reported in the literature. However, assault is the most common cause of trauma among women. The high per cent of hospitalisation and transfer among women may indicate that women are exposed to more severe trauma, and therefore experience increased morbidity compared with men.
Escolha da via de parto pela mulher: autonomia ou indução?

This study aimed to assess the perception and preference of pregnant and postpartum women for vaginal and cesarean section. Cross-sectional survey of exploratory, quantitative and qualitative approach, which occurred in four Basic Health Units (BHUs) of a small city's of Taquari Valley. The sample consisted of 81 pregnant women, which means 20.88% of annual births, and 28.72% of pregnant women registered in System Information Program for Humanization of Prenatal and Birth of the Ministry of Health (SISPRENATAL); of these, 75% (n=61) would prefer the vaginal and 25% (n=20), abdominal delivery. These data indicates that the preference reported by pregnant women is not influencing the type of delivery, because the rate of cesarean delivery in the municipality in question is 89%. Three postpartum women who underwent abdominal delivery and for these vaginal birth is more risky during labor were interviewed. It is clear that one is necessary to perform more humanized care in prenatal and delivery care, along with medical recommendations, so that it can reduce the cesarean delivery and induce abdominal delivery and the belief that this offers less risk in parturition.
Compensatory Midfoot Dorsiflexion in the Individual with Heelcord Tightness: Implications for Orthotic Device Designs

The purpose of this article is to review the functional biomechanics of the ankle foot complex. In addition, assessment and orthotic design implications for individuals in the many diagnostic groups who present with limited talocrural dorsiflexion secondary to soft-tissue limitations will be discussed. Adequate ankle dorsiflexion is necessary for many functional activities, especially walking. When range is unavailable, compensatory strategies are used. A common compensation to supplement limited ankle motion is to utilize midtarsal joint dorsiflexion that occurs in conjunction with subtalar joint pronation. Orthotic management of heelcord tightness falls into three general categories: (1) passive splints for stretching; (2) ankle foot orthoses to improve mobility; and (3) orthoses to decrease pain secondary to chronic excessive subtalar joint pronation. Specific design features can be built into the orthotic devices used in all of these categories. These features can improve the device’s effectiveness in preventing compensatory midfoot dorsiflexion and thereby targeting stretching forces to the talocrural joint. Talocrural joint motion can be increased or maintained through use of the device in this manner. The features that should be considered when utilizing an orthotic device for this purpose include contouring of the foot piece, control of distal and proximal pronatory forces, and ankle mobility.
Ethical research standards in a world of big data

In 2009 Ginsberg et al. reported using Google search query volume to estimate influenza activity in advance of traditional methodologies. It was a groundbreaking example of digital disease detection, and it still remains illustrative of the power of gathering data from the internet for important research. In recent years, the methodologies have been extended to include new topics and data sources; Twitter in particular has been used for surveillance of influenza-like-illnesses, political sentiments, and even behavioral risk factors like sentiments about childhood vaccination programs. As the research landscape continuously changes, the protection of human subjects in online research needs to keep pace. Here we propose a number of guidelines for ensuring that the work done by digital researchers is supported by ethical-use principles. Our proposed guidelines include: 1) Study designs using Twitter-derived data should be transparent and readily available to the public. 2) The context in which a tweet is sent should be respected by researchers. 3) All data that could be used to identify tweet authors, including geolocations, should be secured. 4) No information collected from Twitter should be used to procure more data about tweet authors from other sources. 5) Study designs that require data collection from a few individuals rather than aggregate analysis require Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. 6) Researchers should adhere to a user’s attempt to control his or her data by respecting privacy settings. As researchers, we believe that a discourse within the research community is needed to ensure protection of research subjects. These guidelines are offered to help start this discourse and to lay the foundations for the ethical use of Twitter data.
Ensuring that your dart will hit the mark: An introduction to dart contracts

This paper presents Dart Contracts, an embedded contract language for Dart with non-null annotations, whose design was inspired by the Java Modeling Language, Spec# and Microsoft's Code Contracts, among others. Dart is a dynamically typed object-oriented language with first class functions and an optional static type system. Dart is useful for engineering web apps (running in browsers) as well as server-side programs. The Dart programming language is one of Google's responses to the deficiencies of JavaScript when it comes to engineering large-scale Web applications.
Scalp Nerve Block pada Kraniotomi Evakuasi Pasien Moderate Head Injury dengan Subdural Hemorrhage dan Intracerebral Hemorrhage Frontotemporoparietal Dekstra Mencegah Stress Response Selama dan Pascabedah

Insisi kulit dan kraniotomi selama operasi intrakranial merupakan stimulus berbahaya yang dapat menghasilkan stress response yang menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial. Scalp nerve block efektif dalam mengurangi stress response ini, selain itu juga dapat digunakan sebagai analgetik pascabedah. Seorang laki-laki usia 22 tahun dengan moderate head injury , subdural hemorrhage , dan intracerebral hemorrhage at regio fronto-temporo-parietal dextra dilakukan kraniotomi evakuasi dalam combined scalp nerve block - general anesthesia di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada tanggal 14 Agustus 2012. Setelah dilakukan induksi dan sebelum insisi dilakukan scalp nerve block dengan bupivakain 0,5%. Hemodinamik (tekanan darah dan denyut jantung) setelah insisi kulit dan kraniotomi, serta glukosa darah pascabedah tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan. Analgetik pascabedah baru diberikan setelah 8 jam sejak dilakukan blok. Hasil ini menunjukkan scalp nerve block menggunakan bupivakain 0,5% mampu menumpulkan stress response dan dapat digunakan sebagai analgetik pascabedah. Kata kunci: Kraniotomi evakuasi, scalp nerve block , stress response Scalp Nerve Block in Craniotomy Evacuation on a Patient with Moderate Head Injury with Subdural Hemorrhage and Right Frontotemporoparietal Intracerebral Hemorrhage Prevents Intra and Post Operative Stress Response Abstract Skin incision and craniotomy are recognized as an acute noxious stimulation during intracranial surgery which may result in stress response causing an increase in intracranial pressure. Scalp nerve block may be effective in reducing stress response. It can also be used to provide post-operative analgesia. A twenty two years old male with moderate head injury, subdural hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage at right fronto-temporo-parietal region underwent evacuation craniotomy with combined scalp nerve block and general anesthesia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung on August 14th 2012. After induction and before incision of the skin, a scalp nerve block was performed using 0.5% bupivacaine. Hemodynamic (blood pressure and heart rate) changes after incision of the skin and craniotomy were not significant, and so was post-operative blood glucose concentration. Post-operative analgetic was given eight hours after the block. The result demonstrates that scalp nerve block using 0.5% bupivacaine successfully blunts stress response and can be used as post-operative analgesia. Keywords : Craniotomy evacuation, scalp nerve block, stress response DOI : 10.15851/jap.v1n3. 199
Energy-efficient urban form.

The impact of cities—and urban design—on the global climate is becoming increasingly important. In 2008, urbanites will outnumber rural dwellers globally for the first time in human history (2). China’s population doubled between 1952 and 2003, but its urban population increased 7-fold; today, 170 Chinese cities have at least 1 million residents (3). The U.S. has 39 such cities (4). In coming decades, urban populations are expected to double while rural populations level off or decline. I mproving city layouts and transportation networks could reduce carbon emissions more than replacing all gasoline with corn ethanol (1). Although much attention on mitigating climate change has focused on alternative fuels, vehicles, and electricity generation, better urban design represents an important yet undervalued opportunity. Fortunately, such decisions are well within the reach of local governments and leaders and can reduce long-term carbon emissions. is to c k p h o to Interview
A FOXy target in B-cell survival.

In this issue of Blood , van Keimpema et al present a novel study highlighting the role of FOXP1 in cooperation with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the survival and proliferation of B cells. [1][1] ! [Figure][2] The FOXP1 and NF-κB pathways work together to promote the growth of normal
HLA-matched related-donor HSCT in Fanconi anemia patients conditioned with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine.

To the editor: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare, phenotypically heterogeneous inherited disorder clinically characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and a predisposition to develop malignancies. [1][1] Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only
Lunar base construction robots

President Bush called for the construction of a permanently manned lunar base. All serious plans for such a base require the use of lunar soil as shielding material against the Sun's radiation. Plans rely on the use of a large bulldozer-like vehicle to be driven by an astronaut, either locally or under teleoperation control. Brooks and Flynn (89) proposed an alternate approach to a single large and complex robot based on many small totally autonomous robots which trade off time to achieve the task with lowered complexity and cost of the system. In this paper the authors describe an experimental system they are building with 20 small bulldozers, which work without explicit coordination or communication, but nevertheless cooperate to achieve tasks that will be useful in building a manned lunar base. In particular the authors believe such tasks as digging out trenches in which the habitation units will be placed, stockpiling a supply of loose lunar soil to cover the habitation units, and actually covering them when delivered, can all be carried out by such small bulldozers. <<ETX>>
Nährstoffgehalte und Eignung des Grundfutters zur Pferdefütterung: Eine Erhebung unter schweizerischen Bedingungen

For horses no special tables related to nutrients for Swiss roughage exist. For this reason samples of hay, straw, silage/haylage and green forage were taken from 46 horse keeping farms in 22 cantons. The samples were judged by sense and following the nutrient--and macromineral--content as well as the content of fructans were analysed. Regarding its quality no sample was totally inadequate for horses. The mean contents of crude protein in Swiss hay for horses were clearly lower than in hay for ruminants and in German hay for horses. The mineral contents (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus) showed a wide range. On average they were also lower than the values provided in tables for ruminants. Except for one sample the silages/haylages showed a dry matter content of more than 40 %. No nutrient tables for silage or haylage, which are such high in dry matter contents, were found in the literature. The contents offructans in silage/haylage and green forage also showed a wide range with a maximum of 94 g/kg DM fructan.
Índices pronósticos de mortalidad en cuidados intensivos pediátricos

Introduccion Los modelos de prediccion del riesgo de mortalidad constituyen un metodo objetivo para cuantificar la gravedad de la enfermedad. En los pacientes pediatricos el mas utilizado es el Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score (PRISM), pero tambien se han creado el Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) y una version posterior de este ultimo (PIM-2). Objetivos Validar el PRISM, el PIM y el PIM-2 en nuestra unidad de cuidados intensivos pediatricos (UCIP). Material y metodo Estudio prospectivo y observacional en el que se incluyeron 1.420 ninos criticamente enfermos ingresados de forma consecutiva en la UCIP del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias durante 9 anos. Para evaluar el funcionamiento general de los 3 indices se utilizo la razon de mortalidad estandarizada (RME), comparando la mortalidad obtenida en el estudio con la mortalidad esperada por cada uno de los indices. Para evaluar la calibracion de cada indice (exactitud de las predicciones de riesgo realizadas por el modelo) se aplico la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow, segun la cual la calibracion del indice se evidencia por una p > 0,05; a mayor valor de p, mejor ajuste del modelo. Para valorar la discriminacion (capacidad del modelo para discriminar entre pacientes que sobreviven y pacientes que fallecen) se analizo el area bajo la curva de eficiencia diagnostica (curva ROC). Resultados La mortalidad fue del 3,3 % (47/1.420). Los 3 indices resultaron utiles para predecir la mortalidad, ya que la probabilidad de muerte de los fallecidos segun PRISM, PIM y PIM-2 fue de 66 ± 37 %, 29 ± 28 % y 32 ± 30 %, respectivamente, mientras que la probabilidad de muerte de los supervivientes fue de 8 ± 18 %, 3 ± 6% y 3 ± 6 %, respectivamente (p Conclusiones PRISM, PIM y PIM-2 presentan una aceptable capacidad de prediccion del riesgo de mortalidad en nuestra unidad, aunque el PRISM sobrestima las muertes esperadas con respecto al PIM y PIM-2. Aunque los 3 modelos discriminan muy bien entre pacientes fallecidos y supervivientes, el riesgo de mortalidad calculado no es suficientemente fiable.
A fingertip sensor with proximity, tactile and force sensing capabilities

Discusses the motivations for designing a novel tactile device incorporating different sensing elements for detecting a range of information, including proximity, force/torque and tactile. The fabrication and calibration of some of the sensors, which make use of three different transducer technologies, namely strain gauges, semiconductive polymers and piezoelectric polymers, are also described. <<ETX>>