Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colony differences in response to trapping in roseate terns

Both members of seabird pairs are normally required to fledge young. Seabirds that nest in sites accessible to predators usually have one parent in attendance during the egg/chick phase (Burger and Gochfeld 199 1 a). Time devoted to foraging can vary with individual skill and age, prey availability and abundance (Searcy 1978), and distance to foraging grounds (Safina 1990). Although average skill of similar-aged individuals should not vary from colony to colony (Ryder 1980), prey availability and abundance, and spatial distribution of foraging grounds may vary. Thus, the percent of time both members of a pair are present at the nest site may vary in different colonies. In this paper, we examine parental behavior in response to trapping in Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) nesting in three of the six major colonies in the northeastern United States: Cedar Beach, New York; Falkner Island, Connecticut; and Bird Island, Massachusetts. Roseate Terns were listed on the United States' Endangered Species List in 1987. We were interested in differences among colonies in how often both parents were present, how soon a mate returned to the nest if one parent was temporarily removed, how soon a trapped bird returned to the nest after release, and the time during which the nest was left unguarded. We feel it is important to recognize and make management decisions based on colony differences where they exist. Our study follows directly from earlier work at Cedar Beach on trapping vulnerability of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Roseate Terns (Burger and Gochfeld 1991 b). Nisbet (1981 la) reported that Roseate Terns at Bird Island required about three hours to return to the nest after trapping.
THE ROLE OF KINETIN (6‐FURFURYLAMINOPURINE) IN PROMOTING DIVISION IN CELLS OF VINCA ROSEA L *

Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) and certain other 6-substituted purines have been found to act in a number of fundamental ways as growth-regulating substances in higher plants. '" Such substances are of particular interest because when used in association with an auxin, they promote cell division in many different plant species. Because of the diverse biochemical and morphological responses that these substances elicit in plants, it was of interest to learn whether a compound such as kinetin is directly concerned in promoting cell division, as is now generally assumed, or whether this compound serves merely to trigger the synthesis by plant cells of substances that are specifically involved in that process. For a study of this type, the crown gall tumor system of plants appeared to be admirably suited. It has been found that during the transformation of a normal plant cell to a crown gall tumor cell, the biosynthetic system concerned with the production of cell division-stimulating substances is persistently activated, with a resulting production by the tumor cells of significant amounts of such cell divisionpromoting substance^. ^*^ These substances have been found to play a central role in the development of a capacity for autonomous growth of the crown gall tumor ell. ^. ^ Normal cells of the type from which the tumor cells were derived possess, on the other hand, an absolute exogenous requirement for either kinetin, or some other 6-substituted purine, or a naturally-occurring cell division-promoting substance in addition to other metabolies if cell growth and division are to O C C U ~ . ~ ~ Two naturally-occurring biologically active compounds, which differ in their physical properties, have been isolated and partially characterized chemically from rapidly growing, fully autonomous crown gall tumor cells of Vinca rmea L. The evidence thus far obtained suggests that these two compounds have a nicotinamide ring, a glucose sugar moiety, a sulfur in the form of sulfate or sulfonate and one or more methyl groups. Qualitative chemical tests have thus far failed to reveal differences between the two biologically active compounds. These substances have a molecular weight of approximately 400 g per mole. They have characteristic infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra.10 The final chemical characterization of these compounds will have to await further work, including a synthesis of the biologically active substances. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this paper, which is essentially conceptual in nature, the ultimate chemical characterization of the biologically active substances is not essential. It is sufficient to know that they differ chemically from the 6-substituted purines. Since kinetin represents the prototype of the 6-substituted purines that are concerned in promoting cell division in many plant cell types, an attempt was made in this study to learn whether this substance, when used in association with an auxin, is itself directly involved in promoting cell division, or whether it
Mammary cell turnover and expression of lipogenic genes in response to silage induced CLA and diet energy density in lactating cows

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate possible effects of silage induced differences in milk conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and diet energy density on cell turnover and production capacity in the mammary gland. Cows were given high levels of canola fat and fed either grass or maize silage at either a high or a low diet energy density. Mammary biopsies were obtained and evaluated for cell turnover and gene expression. Diet energy density did not affect CLA concentration in milk fat and cell turnover. Feeding maize silage increased milk fat concentrations of cis9, trans11-CLA and trans10, cis12-CLA compared to grass silage. Cell proliferation tended to be greater in cows fed with maize compared to grass silage, indicating no negative effects of CLA on cell number. Feeding high energy density diets and maize silage diets tended to lower abundances of mammary lipogenic gene mRNAs presumable due to the effect of trans10, cis12-CLA.
Determinação do período mais propício às ocorrências de incêndios em vegetação na área urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG

Resumo – Os incendios em vegetacao podem provocar severos danos ao ambiente, alem de consequencias economicas consideraveis, como a destruicao de habitats, a queima de madeira e os custos para o seu combate. Para estabelecer politicas de controle e prevencao, faz-se necessario conhecer o perfil dos incendios. As estatisticas de ocorrencia dos incendios em vegetacao sao as principais ferramentas para se tracar seu perfil. Com esses dados, pode-se planejar o controle de modo mais eficiente, diminuindo gastos, tempo e riscos em seu combate. O objetivo deste estudo visou a determinacao da epoca do ano e horario de maiores ocorrencias de incendios em vegetacao no Municipio de Juiz de Fora, MG. Para isso, foi utilizada uma serie temporal de 10 anos (1995 - 2004), com dados de ocorrencias de incendios e elementos climaticos na area urbana do municipio. De acordo com os resultados, foi caracterizado o periodo de junho a outubro como a estacao normal do fogo. Em relacao as horas do dia, o periodo das 10 as 20 h foi o que concentrou o maior numero de ocorrencias, tendo seu pico entre 15 e 16 h. Palavras-chave: Fogo, Horario e Epoca do ano.
Floral Character Displacement Generates Assemblage Structure of Western Australian Triggerplants (Stylidium)

We studied the pollination ecology and assemblage structure of 31 species of Stylidium (Stylidiaceae) at 25 sites in Western Australia. The number of species per study site varied between two and six. Stylidium species are pollinated by a variety of nectar-seeking solitary bees and bombyliid flies. Within and among species there is sig- nificant variation in nectar-tube length (and therefore in the insects that visit the flowers) and in pollen placement on pollinators. Pollen is placed "explosively" on the insect by a motile column of fused staminate and pistillate tissues; the position and reach of the column varies within and among species, thereby causing variation in site of pollen deposition. When discrete pollination niches were defined for all species, only one niche overlap was observed across the 86 interacting pairs of Stylidium species at the 25 sites. To determine whether this was a nonrandom assemblage structure we compared our observation with the outcome of null models. We developed three null models to cover the most likely structuring processes: that communities are organized by (1) ecological sorting, (2) evolution of plant phenotypes, or (3) both processes. We concluded that it was unlikely (P = .055- .002) that so few overlaps in pollination niches would occur by chance. We developed another null model to test whether chance could have created the apparent pattern of character displacement in pollination niches exhibited by the nine species showing intra- specific variation. The analysis indicated that character displacement has probably occurred (P = .014). This study is one of the clearest demonstrations to date of reproductive inter-
The effect of bait type, tunnel design, and trap position on stoat control operations for conservation management

Abstract The effectiveness of trapping stoats (Mustela erminea) using different bait types, tunnel designs, and trap positions was investigated during and following stoat population irruptions in Eglinton Valley, Fiordland, and Hawdon Valley, near Arthur's Pass, in the summers of 1990/91, 1991/92, and 1992/93. Each summer, different baits were used. Comparisons were made between broken, whole and hard boiled eggs, tinned cat food, possum flesh, dead mice, and synthetic lures based on the anal sac secretions of mustelids. Broken and hard boiled eggs were the most effective and practical lures. Tunnels with partially camouflaged traps were no more effective than those with wooden bases and visible traps, which are faster and easier to check in the field. Single‐entrance tunnels caught about as many stoats as the traditional double‐ended ones. More stoats, especially males, were caught at the edges of a trapping grid than within it.
Optimiser la composition corporelle et la qualité des viandes de volailles en modulant le métabolisme par les acides aminés alimentaires

To optimize body composition and meat quality while ensuring the efficiency of production systems, it is necessary to understand and control the mechanisms regulating the metabolic utilization of nutrients. In this review, we present an overview on the nutritional regulation of metabolism. Selected and representative examples (i.e. protein and amino acid provision, nutrient delivery) are used to illustrate this type of research by focusing on the results obtained from recent studies and indicating their practical interest. We detail their impact on the quality of products, and more generally the efficiency of production systems for poultry meat, through studies involving basic and applied research. The following issues are discussed: body composition, meat quality in relation to its susceptibility to oxidation or to its pH. For example, in the chicken, the ultimate pH is a key element, which influences several technological and sensory meat quality traits. It is largely determined by the content of muscle glycogen at slaughter that also depends on the nutritional status of the animals. The challenge for this work is to generate original scientific knowledge but also to optimize dietary supplies (quantitative and qualitative) over time and as a function of production targets.
Diet Choice in the Herring Gull: Constraints Imposed by Reproductive and Ecological Factors

Studies of diet choice in carnivorous animals typically concentrate on maximizing rates of energy intake, and rarely emphasize either constraints on choice or alternate currencies. We examined diet choice in a generalist carnivore, the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, in relation to both nesting habitat and reproductive performance over a 2—yr period. During prelaying and incubation periods 75—80% of Herring Gulls specialized on either intertidal organisms, human refuse, or other seabirds, while only 20—25% had generalized diets. Specific types of specialists tended to nest in particular habitats. Foraging tactics associated with each of three diets were related to time budgets and ecological constraints, i.e., levels of predation or intraspecific competition in specific habitats. Variation in diet choice was also strongly related to individual breeding performance. Intertidal specialists laid eggs earlier, produced larger and heavier clutches, and had higher rates of hatching than generalists and other specialists. This pattern held true over both years of the study even though weather conditions, and food accessibility, differed between years. Despite differences in performance related to laying and hatching, there were no significant differences in fledging rates, either between years or among diets. These results suggest that (a) choice of nesting habitat may constrain diet choice, (b) diet choice may have major effects on breeding performance, and (c) energy may not be the proper currency for examining diet choice in carnivores subject to a variety of constraints.
POLYPHENOLS, COLOUR AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY CHANGES IN FOUR ITALIAN RED WINES DURING STORAGE

The evolution, during one year of storage, of the antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and colour of four red wines, obtained from two different Sardinian important cultivars (Cannonau and Cagnulari) and kept in stainless steel tanks or in bottle, was evaluated. Two samples were subjected to the microoxygenation process, with one of these derived from a late grape harvest. Wines stored in stainless steel tanks showed a decrease in phenolic content and antioxidant activity, while the bottled wine did not show significant variations. The different degree of microoxygenation caused some significant differences with regard to the decrease in phenolic compounds during the storage, being lower in the sample microoxygenated for a longer time and with more oxygen. Correlation coefficients between anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were high for all the samples analysed. Regarding the colour, percent of blue showed a significant increase in microoxygenated wines. PCA, applied to the data set of phenolic compounds showed that Cannonau wine is different from Cagnulari samples, because of the higher content of cinnamic acids. Cagnulari bottled wine differed from the two Cagnulari stored in steel tanks, in particular for the anthocyanins content, confirming the reducing activity of the bottle.
Enxertia de progênies de maracujazeiro-roxo australiano em espécies nativas

Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), even though is unknown in Brazil, can be an alternative income for the farmers due to good price and acceptance by the European market. Aiming to evaluate the production of clonal nursery plants of Australian purple passion fruit it was realized at the Fruit Section of University of Brasilia an experiment from May 2005 to February 2006. Randomized blocks were used with 3 replications in a factorial arrangement 7 x 2 x 3 with 7 rootstock, 2 varieties and 3 periods of evaluation, where each parcel had 3 plants. P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. serrato digitata, P. nitida, P. coccinea, (P. coccinea X P. setacea), P. quadrangularis, P. edulis e P. edulis f. flavicarpa 'EC-2-0' were used as rootstock and as a scion the purple passion fruit '96A' and '25' from Australia. The rooted rootstock was transferred to plastic bags and kept under misting condition and grafted 30 days later. The rooting success rate was evaluated 31 and 61 days after grafting (DAG). The scion/rootstock combination ("25" and "96 A" X P. nitida) followed by ("25" and "96 A" X P. edulis f. flavicarpa 'EC-2-0') with 100%, 90%, 90% and 80%, respectively, achieved high success rate 61 DAG. The production of purple passion fruits grafted onto native and commercial species as rootstock P. nitida, P. quadrangularis, P. edulis f. flavicarpa 'EC-2-0' and P. edulis is viable since there is no evidence of incompatibility and the grafted plants showed high percentage of success rate.
Efeito do manejo de plantas daninhas sobre Neoseiulus californicus (Acari:Phytoseiidae) em pomar de macieira

The influence of weed management on tetranychid mites (Panonychus ulmi and Tetranychus urticae) and phytoseids movement was evaluated. Neoseiulus californicus populations were released in an apple orchard for biological control of tetranychid mites. Three kinds of weed management were used: no weed control at all, manual control and control with herbicide. The mites were evaluated in Plantago tormentosa, Erigeron sp, and apple tree leaves. The highest population of N. californicus was observed where weed was not controlled. Tetranychid mites populations were abundant on apple trees when herbicide was used, probably due to the low population of N. californicus. P. tormentosa was the preferred host of phytoseids. The conclusion was that weed management plays an important role in the regulation of mite species in apple orchards.
Effect of Deoiled Jojoba Meal on Feed Intake in Chickens: Satiating or Taste Effect?

Jojoba is an oilseed shrub of the desert. Deoiled jojoba meal represents a potential ingredient for animal feed due to its high protein content. However, a jojoba-rich diet decreases feed intake. This study aimed to discriminate between satiation and palatability effects of jojoba meal in chickens. In a first experiment, broilers did not freely prefer jojoba meal-supplemented feed when they had another choice. A second experiment was based on a model that could differentiate satiety from palatability effects. A satiety factor inhibited feed intake to a lesser degree in fasted than in nonfasted chickens, whereas the reduction in feed intake due to an unpalatable tasting agent was less affected by hunger. When feed was supplemented with jojoba meal, the reduction in feed intake did not differ between fasted and nonfasted chickens. In conclusion, jojoba meal reduces feed intake in chickens by its taste rather than by inducing satiation. Keywords: Jojoba; chickens; feed restriction; taste; satiation
Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of synthesized sintenin derivatives

Three series of sintenin derivatives (compounds 1–14) were designed and prepared and their antioxidative and neuroprotective effects were evaluated. The in vitro models of scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, chelating ferrous ions, inhibiting the rat brain homogenates lipid peroxidation, and protecting neurons damaged by hydrogen peroxide were employed for bioassays. It was found that sintenin derivatives 4 and 13 showed remarkable antioxidative and neuroprotective activities.
Genetic relatedness of Portuguese rice accessions from diverse origins as assessed by microsatellite markers

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers detect a significantly high degree of polymorphism in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and are particularly suitable for evaluating genetic diversity among closely related cultivars. A total of 176 rice accessions originating from 19 countries in the Portuguese working germplasm collection and two standard rice varieties (IR36-indica and Nipponbare-japonica) were analyzed for DNA profile using 24 SSR loci covering two loci per chromosome. A total of 184 alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 16, with an average of 7.7, and the PIC value ranged from 0.179 to 0.894 with an average of 0.667. All the loci were polymorphic among the accessions and clearly distinguished the indica and japonica subspecies. At 20% similarity, cluster analysis of the 178 accessions revealed three major groups, japonica, basmati, and indica (Groups I, II, and III, respectively). The japonica group contained 87% of the accessions and showed a wide range of similarity values (0.21-0.92), revealing a high degree of diversity among the accessions. Many of the accessions included in this study are morphologically similar and lack pedigree information. Hence, identification of genetic distances among the accessions should improve their use in breeding programs. As a result of this study, genetically diverse parents can be identified, increasing the usefulness of germplasm collections by broadening the genetic base of rice varieties.
Addressing the Challenges of I/O Variability in Post-Petascale HPC Simulations. (Relever les défis de la variabilité des E/S dans les simulations HPC post-petaflopiques)

Million-core supercomputers have become a reality in 2012 with LLNL's Sequoia supercomputer. Following Moore's law, Exascale machines (capable of 10E18 floating point operations per second) are expected by 2018. Such an immense computational power is used in many research areas, including earth sciences, biology, climate, or cosmology, where large-scale simulations are conducted to understand physical phenomena better. These simulations aim to replace real experiments that are either too expensive, irreproducible or simply unfeasible. But larger simulations on larger machines lead to the production of larger amounts of data. These data need to be efficiently stored and processed in order to retrieve scientific insights. The traditional approach to data management consists of storing the output of the simulation during its run, move it and analyze it later offline. With an increasing gap between the performance of storage systems and the computation capabilities of recent post-Petascale supercomputers, this approach becomes unsustainable. This Ph.D. thesis explores new approaches to data management for post-Petascale supercomputers. We first introduce the Damaris approach, which leverages the multicore nature of recent machines to offload data-management tasks into dedicated cores. We study in particular how Damaris can be used to hide the variability in I/O (Input/Output) performance, and to provide in situ visualization capabilities to simulations in a way that does not impact their performance. We then use Damaris to evaluate the energy consumption of various data management approaches, including the use of dedicated I/O nodes. We then study the effect of multi-application I/O contention on the performance of the storage system. We propose the CALCioM approach, which provides a coordination layer between distinct applications to mitigate I/O interference. In regard to access patterns, it has been observed that most applications have a repetitive behavior with respect to I/O, and that a model of this behavior can be useful to many systems (including CALCioM, but also any scheduler, caching or prefetching system). Based on this, we propose Omnisc'IO, an approach that leverages grammars to predict the spatial and temporal access patterns of HPC simulations at run time. This thesis includes results of experiments conducted with real scientific simulations, including CM1, GTC, LAMMPS and Nek5000, on real petascale and post-petascale platforms, including NCSA's Blue Waters, ORNL's Titan, NICS's Kraken and ANL's Intrepid.