Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional factors (nutritional aspects) in biliary disorders: Bile acid and lipid metabolism in gallstone diseases and pancreaticobiliary maljunction

Nutritional factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of biliary diseases such as gallstones and pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Gallstones are primarily classified into cholesterol stone and pigment stone according to the major composition. Cholesterol gallstone formation is very likely based upon supersaturated bile formation, and pigment stones are formed in bile rich in bilirubin. Thus, defects of hepatic metabolism of lipids and organic anions lead to biliary stones. Here, the recent understanding of cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis is elaborated. On the other hand, there is another important link of biliary lipid degradation to serious biliary disease, namely pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a derivative of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase A2, is a highly abundant bioactive lipid mediator present in circulation as well as in bile. Increases in bile of lysoPC and phospholipase A2 have been reported in pancreaticobiliary maljunction and considered to be the major risk factor for biliary tract cancers. Further, oxidized fatty acids have been established as a potent ligand for G2A, a member of G protein‐coupled receptor family that mediates a diverse array of biological processes including cell growth and apoptosis. Thus, both of lysoPC and free fatty acids are supposed to play an important role through G2A in biliary inflammation and carcinogenesis of pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Taken together, nutritional factors, especially lipid compounds, are seemingly crucial in the pathogenesis of biliary diseases, and such a causal relationship is reviewed by mainly authors’ previous publications.
Encouraging high expectation entrepreneurship : the implications of Australian policy practices

Recent studies have shown the important roles that new high growth firms can play in job creation and economic development. This paper reviews the positioning of present Australian government policies and programs that intend to be supportive of the development of more high growth businesses; that is those that employ greater than twenty persons. The research explores the environments of a group of new high growth Australian firms and the roles that the various identified government support initiatives have played in their development. The paper also draws on recent research on survival and growth patterns of spin-off companies generated by publicly funded research agencies to map the government support initiatives with the different stages of the high growth business life cycle. The paper reviews issues in the Australian business environment that may have affected the rate of generation of new high growth firms. Of particular relevance has been the progressive freeing up of the Australian labour market and a greater resource allocation to research commercialisation by publicly funded research providers. The analysis has finally separately considered how to produce and support more founders of such high growth firms, their future chief executive officers, the specialist consultants and other professional support people and issues related to access to finance that such firms will need. The research findings draw attention to the important role of government financial support for industry research, particularly at the point where the first product is in the market and resources are scarce. At this point support is vital both to increase the market penetration of the core product and for R&D for product customisation and increasing the product range.
[Investigation of the prevalence of drug-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients medicated with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus].

PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of gingival overgrowth(GO) in a group of renal transplant recipients medicated with cyclosporine A(CsA) in comparison to those medicated with tacrolimus(Tcr). METHODS 107 renal transplant recipients ( 85 CsA and 25 Tcr) were recruited into this study. Demographic, pharmacologic and periodontal data was recorded. The prevalence and severity of GO were compared between the two groups. The data was analyzed by SPSS13.0 software package for independent sample t test, chi(2) test, Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of GO in the CsA group(49%)was significantly higher than that in the Tcr group(16%)(P<0.05). The CsA group showed a higher mean GO score (30.3+/-15.5) compared with the Tcr group(17.5+/-9.6) (P<0.001). In addition, the patients with GO presented a significantly higher plaque index and papilla bleeding index than those without GO in two groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of GO is higher in renal transplant recipients taking CsA compared to Tcr. Plaque-induced gingival inflammation has a close relation with the severity of GO.
Bridging the Reporting Gap: A Proposal for More Informative Reconciling of Book and Tax Income

In this paper, we review the history and purpose of the corporation income tax return's Schedule M-1 in light of recent attention to corporate reporting issues. Although the traditional role for the schedule has been to assist the audit process, the reconciliation of book to tax accounting numbers also provides information useful to tax analysts. We find the existing tax return Schedule M-1, largely unchanged since its introduction in 1963, provides insufficient detail for complex reconciliation issues. We propose revisions to the M-1 to achieve better reconciliation, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public disclosure of such data.
Creative Outposts: Tourism's Place in Rural Innovation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of local tourism innovation in order to see how tourism development benefits tourism stakeholders including the local community. The paper is concerned with the social impacts of tourism and contends that there is a latent positive social capital in rural communities. Some “creative outposts” manage not just to survive but to thrive, and tourism often acts as a catalyst for innovative local development. Examples of tourism innovation can be new and better interactions among tourism stakeholders as well as changes in institutional arrangements. Entrepreneurs and institutional stakeholders are interviewed to investigate the dynamics of local tourism innovation. The social dimension in which tourism stakeholders operate is poorly understood and this paper presents a case study of Jokkmokk village with results showing tourism has a subtle yet palpable positive social role in the community. Themes emerging from the interviews are: the tourist office and tourism firms co-evolve over time, tourism networks are loose and project-based, tourism is a desirable diversifier, and tourism contributes to the local leisure space. Particular focus is given to the fact that this is an Arctic rural community, and the research provides a basis for understanding tourism innovation systems in this context. Tourism development is found to be complementary to rural coping strategies in “creative outposts”.
Two Mutations of synaptic transmission in Drosophila

Evoked transmitter release is abnormal at the larval neuromuscular junctions of two Drosophila mutants. Following a single nerve impulse, the increased calcium conductance at the nerve terminal, which lasts for 1 ms in normal larvae, lasts for at least 60 ms in one mutant and several seconds in the other. Both mutations appear to affect the same gene on the X-chromosome. Normal larvae treated with 4-aminopyridine, a potassium channel blocking agent, mimic the abnormal synaptic transmission of one mutant. Normal larvae treated with tetraethylammonium, another potassium channel blocking agent, mimic the abnormal synaptic transmission of the other mutant. From these and other experiments, we suggest that the abnormal neuromuscular transmission in these mutants may be caused by defective potassium channels in the nerve terminal membrane.
Moving closer to the customers: effects of vertical integration in the Swedish commercial printing industry

This paper reports on a study regarding how vertical integration is used to increase customer relations in the printing industry and illustrates the competitive consequences with vertical integration towards customers. Results show that since direct customers are perceived as more loyal and profitable than advertising agencies and/or print brokers, integration of content creation is common to increase relations with direct customers. However, as direct customers' part of total production is still very small, integration of content creation gives rise to a potentially competitive situation between printing firms and advertising agencies. Printing firms recognized this problem as they try to avoid this competition. Two different approaches to the problem are illustrated. Printing firms either focus on simple jobs that are not of advertising agencies' interest or they isolate these services in a separate firm, and consequently can compete for direct customers and still be a printing firm to advertising agencies.
Cause marketing: a new direction in the marketing of corporate responsibility

Reports on recent marketing strategies that simultaneously demonstrate a sense of social responsibility and satisfies shareholders′ demands for increased profits and market share, also known as cause marketing. Discusses the implementation of cause marketing through three forms of corporate sponsorship and examines consumer motivations and cause marketing strategies. Presents a study on consumer attitudes towards altruism and cause marketing segmentation with coupons. Provides managerial implications and recommendations for implementing strategies.
A tale of two markets: Who can represent the soybean futures markets in China?

There exist two soybean futures markets in China Dalian commodity exchange (DCE), that is, No.1 and No.2 soybean futures markets (SB#1 and SB#2 for short respectively). Due to its dominant market share, trading volume and turnover, SB#1 is taken for granted to be the only representative of China’s soybean markets; so that, there is an implicit misconception in current literature that researchers can simply study the SB#1 to obtain the understandings of the whole China’s soybean futures markets and apply their findings in SB#1 to the whole soybean markets in China. This article mainly doubted whether SB#1 can represent China’s soybean futures markets or not, and provided empirical evidence that although, SB#2 only take small percentage in the whole market share, it is completely distinct from the SB#1. The study also found by means of information share (IS) model that instead of the previous misconception, SB#2 is much more important in that its information share is larger than its market share. Key words: No.1, soybean futures market (SB#1), No.2 soybean futures market (SB#2).
[DDT/DDE concentrations and risk of hypospadias. Pilot case-control study].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between maternal serum DDT/DDE levels and risk of hypospadias. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study in Mexico City was conducted during 1997-1999 among 41 subjects with hypospadias and 28 controls. Blood samples were obtained from study subjects. Information was obtained using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Maternal DDT and DDE levels showed no association with hypospadias (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.24-5.29 and OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.15-1.60, respectively). Associated factors were older age of mothers (OR 8.69; 95% CI 1.69-44.9), and working during pregnancy (OR 4.68; 95% CI 1.15-18.9). CONCLUSIONS Information about the endocrine effects of different levels of DDT/DDE in human subjects is scarce; dosage may be a determinant factor of the type of effect. The English version of this paper is available at:http://www.insp. mx/salud/index.html.
Miniature dual-band patch antennas with mushroom-structure loading

A miniature dual-band patch antenna loaded with mushroom-structure is proposed. Two arrays of mushroom-structures are symmetrically positioned under the radiating edges of an aperture-coupled patch. With the capacitive and inductive loading from the mushroom-structure, the patch antenna achieves a frequency reduction of 74.5% compared with the unloaded one in the same dimensions and a dual band with frequency ratio of 1.43. In addition, symmetrical radiation and low cross-polarization are obtained because of the symmetrical loading structures.
A New Era of Pulmonary Delivery of Nano-antimicrobial Therapeutics to Treat Chronic Pulmonary Infections.

Pulmonary infections may be fatal especially in immunocompromised patients and patients with underlying pulmonary dysfunction, such as those with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, etc. According to the WHO, lower respiratory tract infections ranked first amongst the leading causes of death in 2012, and tuberculosis was included in the top 10 causes of death in low income countries, placing a considerable strain on their economies and healthcare systems. Eradication of lower respiratory infections is arduous, leading to high healthcare costs and requiring higher doses of antibiotics to reach optimal concentrations at the site of pulmonary infection for protracted periods. Hence direct inhalation to the respiratory epithelium has been investigated extensively in the past decade, and seems to be an attractive approach to eradicate and hence overcome this widespread problem. Moreover, engineering inhalation formulations wherein the antibiotics are encapsulated within nanoscale carriers could serve to overcome many of the limitations faced by conventional antibiotics, like difficulty in treating intracellular pathogens such as mycobacteria spp. and salmonella spp. , biofilmassociated pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, passage through the sputum associated with disorders like cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, systemic side effects following oral/parenteral delivery and inadequate concentrations of antibiotic at the site of infection leading to resistance. Encapsulation of antibiotics in nanocarriers may help in providing a protective environment to combat antibiotic degradation, confer controlled-release properties, hence reducing dosing frequency, and may increase uptake via specific and non-specific targeting modalities. Hence nanotechnology combined with direct administration to the airways using commercially available delivery devices, is a highly attractive formulation strategy to eradicate microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract, which might otherwise present opportunities for multi-drug resistance.
THE GAP OF HOSPITAL SERVICE PERFORMANCE BY USING SERVICE QUALITY ANALYSIS

Patient is a customer of the Hospital whose satisfaction must be noticed. The satisfaction of patient is depended on the service performance which has been performed by the hospital. Service quality analysis is used to measure the expectations and the perceptions of respondents about service quality which has been provided by the hospital, so the occurred score gap can be known. The samples are 96 inpatients who have been selected by using accidental sampling method. The data collection has been carried out by using questionnaires. This research recommends that the hospital should find strategies in order to improve their service quality and to maintain consumer (consumer retention).
Extending sustainability to suppliers: a systematic literature review

Purpose – To make their supply chains more socially responsible, many companies are implementing supplier assessment tools and collaborative practices. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic literature review on the governance structures used to extend sustainability to suppliers. More specifically, the authors aim to answer two questions: “What is the impact of these mechanisms or governance structures on sustainable performance? ” and “What are the enablers of these mechanisms? ”. Design/methodology/approach – A structured literature review is carried out that analyses published studies, evaluates contributions, summarises knowledge and identifies managerial implications and lines for further research.Findings – Both assessment and collaboration have a positive impact on environmental performance and corporate social responsibility, although the most recent collaborative paradigm stresses that assessment alone is not enough. Some enablers of these practices are identified.Research limitations/imp.
An analytical approach to develop hedging strategies for mining companies

Abstract The volatility in metal prices affects negatively the financial structure of mining companies. The management of mining companies needs an effective tool to overcome the adverse effects of the price changes in order to stabilise the cash flow of the company.In this respect, hedging is an effective tool in dealing with, and managing, the price risk in the contemporary business environment. The main purpose of this article is to introduce information about hedging and its applications for mining companies and recommend an analytical tool based on statistics for developing sound hedging strategies for the producers of the metals and metal concentrates. An analytical model based on statistics is recommended in order to develop a sound hedging programme. This model will help managers, whether they are familiar with the hedging concept or not, to develop effective hedging strategies for their companies by statistically inferring the parameters of hedging instruments, such as forward sales, put and call options.
Sexual dysfunction in India

Sir, Avasthi and Biswas 1 presented a useful discussion on the current status of the pharmacotherapy of sexual dysfunction. In this context, I observe with surprise that there has been no survey on sexual dysfunction in India, much as there has been in other countries. 2 Surveys of this nature are necessary to understand the magnitude and determinants of the problem, especially as may be regionally modulated by psychosocial, economic and possibly even biological factors. To illustrate my meaning, I cite four hypotheses.
Cohesin complex is a major player on the stage of leukemogenesis.

Epigenetic changes are increasingly being recognized as part of the multistep tumorigenesis process in cancer. These changes, including DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and nucleosome remodeling, work together to regulate the functioning of the genome by altering the local structural dynamics of chromatin, primarily regulating its accessibility and compactness (1). Other chromatin organizing factors are believed to bind to noncoding regions and control long-range looping of DNA, which is important in regulating the spatial relationships between gene enhancers and promoters that control gene expression (2).
Effect of myocardial viability assessed by technetium-99m-sestamibi SPECT and fluorine-18-FDG PET on clinical outcome in coronary artery disease.

UNLABELLED PET imaging of myocardial perfusion and metabolism identifies regional viability as well as patients at high risk for future cardiac events. This study evaluated a combined "hybrid" imaging approach using 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET with regard to reversibility of regional dysfunction and to patient clinical outcome during a 2-yr follow-up. METHODS In this study, 161 consecutive patients underwent baseline viability imaging. All had regional wall motion (RWM) abnormalities and 88% had a history of previous myocardial infarction. Regions were classified by semiquantitative analysis of sestamibi and FDG uptake as normal, mild match, mismatch or scar. For clinical outcome, patients were divided into three groups: predominantly scar tissue (Group A, n = 90), mild match (Group B, n = 26) and mismatch (Group C, n = 45). Treatment was performed with the knowledge of nuclear results. Cardiac events during follow-up were defined as death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring revascularization, heart transplantation and survived resuscitation. RESULTS Patients were followed for 29 +/- 6 mo. Revascularization rate was 30% in Group A, 81% in Group B and 80% in Group C, whereas the other patients were treated by medication. Only Group C demonstrated a significant reduction of cardiac events after revascularization, whereas, particularly in Group A, revascularization did not influence the frequency of events. Subjective assessment of angina pectoris and heart failure revealed more patients with improvement after revascularization as compared with conservative treatment. Of the 84 revascularized patients, 61 underwent follow-up angiography at 5 +/- 2 mo with RWM analysis using the centerline method. RWM improved only in mismatch regions from -2.2 +/- 1.0 s.d. to -1.0 +/- 1.4 s.d. (p < 0.01), whereas regions with a mild match or scar did not change. CONCLUSION Nuclear imaging using 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT and [18F]FDG PET allows diagnosis of viability in regions with reduced perfusion and function with prognostic implications for functional outcome as well as for identification of patients who benefit most from revascularization.
Intussusception revisited: is immediate on-site surgeon availability at the time of reduction necessary?

OBJECTIVE The American College of Radiology recommends that fluoroscopically guided intussusception reduction be performed with a surgeon readily available. At many institutions, this may not be feasible. The purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of immediate surgical services at the time of radiologic intussusception reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS All radiologic intussusception reductions at a tertiary care children's hospital from November 2007 through August 2012 were reviewed to determine method, complications, clinical status of the child, and time between unsuccessful reduction and operative intervention. RESULTS Among 433 patients with intussusception referred for fluoroscopic reduction, 86.1% (n = 373) had successful reductions, and 13.9% (n = 60) had unsuccessful reductions. Five perforations represented 8.3% (5/60) of the unsuccessful and 1.2% (5/433) of the total reduction attempts. Six patients' conditions became hemodynamically unstable during attempted reduction (four perforations, two unsuccessful reductions without perforation), representing 10% (6/60) of unsuccessful and 1.4% (6/433) of total reduction attempts. Percutaneous needle decompression and cardiopulmonary resuscitation restored hemodynamic stability in all cases. The mean time to surgery after perforation was 1.3 hours, after unsuccessful reduction complicated by hemodynamic instability was 2.2 hours, and after unsuccessful radiologic reduction without complication was 4.3 hours. CONCLUSION In this series, complications requiring immediate medical or surgical attention were rare, occurring in 1.6% of cases (five bowel perforations, two cases of hemodynamic instability without perforation). On-site surgeon presence may not be necessary at the time of radiologically guided reduction attempts provided that the attending physician is facile with percutaneous needle decompression and management of hemodynamic instability and that ultimate surgical care can be arranged expeditiously.