Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of amino sugar metabolism in Escherichia coli and isolation of mutants unable to degrade amino sugars.

1. Growth of Escherichia coli on glucosamine results in an induction of glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase [2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose 6-phosphate ketol-isomerase (deaminating), EC 5.3. 1.10] and a repression of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase (l-glutamine-d-fructose 6-phosphate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.16); glucose abolishes these control effects. 2. Growth of E. coli on N-acetylglucosamine results in an induction of N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase and glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase, and in a repression of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase; glucose diminishes these control effects. 3. The synthesis of amino sugar kinases (EC 2.7.1.8 and 2.7.1.9) is unaffected by growth on amino sugars. 4. Glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase is inhibited by glucosamine 6-phosphate. 5. Mutants of E. coli that are unable to grow on N-acetylglucosamine have been isolated, and lack either N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase (deacetylaseless) or glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase (deaminaseless). Deacetylaseless mutants can grow on glucosamine but deaminaseless mutants cannot. 6. After growth on glucose, deacetylaseless mutants have a repressed glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase and a super-induced glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase; this may be related to an intracellular accumulation of acetylamino sugar that also occurs under these conditions. In one mutant the acetylamino sugar was shown to be partly as N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate. Deaminaseless mutants have no abnormal control effects after growth on glucose. 7. Addition of N-acetylglucosamine or glucosamine to cultures of a deaminaseless mutant caused inhibition of growth. Addition of N-acetylglucosamine to cultures of a deacetylaseless mutant caused lysis, and secondary mutants were isolated that did not lyse; most of these secondary mutants had lost glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase and an uptake mechanism for N-acetylglucosamine. 8. Similar amounts of (14)C were incorporated from [1-(14)C]-glucosamine by cells of mutants and wild-type growing on broth. Cells of wild-type and a deaminaseless mutant incorporated (14)C from N-acetyl[1-(14)C]glucosamine more efficiently than from N[1-(14)C]-acetylglucosamine, incorporation from the latter being further decreased by acetate; cells of a deacetylaseless mutant showed a poor incorporation of both types of labelled N-acetylglucosamine.
A review of the efficacy of lower‐limb orthoses used for cerebral palsy

Christopher Morris MSc SR Orth, Principal Orthotist,Department of Orthotics, Nufﬁeld Orthopaedic Centre NHSTrust, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.E-mail: christopher.morris@worc.ox. ac.ukChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) are functionally limited tovarying degrees because of their decreased central control andcoordination of their movements. The effects of growth pre-dispose children with neurological impairments to the sec-ondary problems of muscle contractures, bony deformities,and unusual gait abnormalities.
A planar PDMS micropump based on in-contact low-leakage check valves

This paper presents a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) micropump with a simple planar design that incorporates check valves and a pumping chamber into one single layer, allowing for reliable operation and easy system integration. This micropump mainly consists of a pneumatically driven thin membrane, and a pumping chamber sandwiched between two in-plane check valves. The novelty of the micropump lies in the use of the in-plane in-contact valves based on the simple flap-stopper configuration to allow minimal reverse leakage critically improving the reliability of the micropump operation. In a systematic characterization, we have investigated the micropump operation with respect to key parameters including the driving pneumatic pressure, the pumping chamber height, and backpressure. Experimental results demonstrate that this micropump is capable of reliably generating a maximum flow rate of 41 μL/min, and operating stably against a backpressure up to 25 kPa.
NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Abstract Major studies have demonstrated an association between poor glycaemic control and the development of micro - and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Optimized metabolic control, including treatment of hyperglycaemia and other risk factors, reduces the risk of complications. Current strategies aiming at achieving the best possible control include a non-pharmacological approach consisting of lifestyle intervention using physical exercise and modifi cation of nutrition intakes in the early stage of type 2 diabetes, or in later stages, combined with pharmacotherapy. Such an approach is also effi cient in preventing type 2 diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. The purpose of this review is to analyse, in a clinical practice perspective, the current recommendations with respect to lifestyle modifi cations.
The Sources and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health in University Students

The dose rates out of doors and.in houses are giveii in Table I. The mean out-of-door dose rate of 104 mrad per year in Aberdeen is more than twice the mean of 48&5 mnrad per: year in Edinburgh. In houses built of local stone the mean in Aberdeen (all granite houses) is 87 mrad per year and in Edinburgh (sandstone houses) 48-5 mrad per year. The mean dose rates for all the, houses in the respective cities (see Table I) differ to a lesser extent, because the proportion of brick houses in Aberdeen lowers the mean dose rate to 85*3 mrad per year and in Edinburgh raises it to 60-0 mrad per year. The third line of Table I gives a "twenty-four-hour average" dose rate which is calculated on the basis that people spend three-fourths of their day indoors, and the fourth line gives the. dose rate which is received by the bone marrow. This-dose rate has been found by experiments with models to be about 64% of that recorded by the dose meter standing free in air. The fifth line of Table I states the dose rate which is received by bone marrow from sources other than the local gamma radiation; this contribution arises principally from cosmic rays and from the natural radioactive isotope potassium-4 which is present in the body potassium. --The total doses per year given in the last line of Table I show that there is a difference of 21 mrad per year between the mean annual doses to the bone marrow of the populations in Ednburgh and Aberdeen. This difference is a known measure with which other low dose rates can be compared.
A Programmable High Speed Vision System with Superscalar PE and Its Parallel Computing Language

Pixel-parallel PE and SIMD architectures are widely used in high-speed image processing to enhance computing power. With fully exploiting the data level parallelism of low- and middle-level image processing, SIMD architecture is able to finish great amount of computation with much less instruction cycle thus satisfy the high-speed system requirement. The main computation parts in those SIMD image processing hardware is known as PE (processing element) and it is responsible for transferring, storing and processing the image data. This paper describes a high-speed vision system with superscalar PE to enhance system performance and its dedicated parallel computing language specifically devel-oped for this vision system. The vision system can achieve motion detection at more than 2000fps and face detection at more than 100 fps which overwhelms some general serial CPUs in the same applications.
Back radiation reduction of a printed Yagi antenna backed by a metalized reflector for C-band applications at 3.7–4.2 GHz

A new design of a printed Yagi antenna with a rectangular-shaped reflector is proposed in this letter. In this design, the driver dipole is fed by a 50 Ω coaxial probe realized with two parallel strips printed on the opposite sides of two substrates. Using the two substrates increases the height of the antenna and causes a wider impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, applying a metalized reflector behind the antenna and via holes at the sides and behind the substrates reduces the back radiation almost as much as 15%. According to the measured results, the proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth of 830 MHz (3.75–4.58 GHz), peak gain of 7.78 dBi and compact size of 70×67 mm2.
Characterization of a Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis is mainly an inflammatory cell response. In earlier work we showed that activation of human neutrophils by a cell-free water extract of H. pylori is characterized by increased expression of neutrophil CD11b/CD18 and increased adhesiveness to endothelial cells. The work reported here indicates that the neutrophil-activating factor is a 150,000-molecular-weight protein (150K protein). Neutrophil proadhesive activity copurified with this protein, which is a polymer of identical 15K subunits. Specific antibody, prepared against the purified 15K subunit, neutralized the proadhesive activity of the pure protein and of water extracts obtained from different strains of H. pylori. The gene (napA) for this protein (termed HP-NAP, for H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein) was detected, by PCR amplification, in all of the H. pylori isolates tested; however, there was considerable strain variation in the level of expression of HP-NAP activity in vitro. HP-NAP could play an important role in the gastric inflammatory response to H. pylori infection.
Propagation modeling based on measurements and simulations of surface scattering in specular direction

Accurate channel modeling for future THz communication systems requires knowledge of the reflection properties of typical building materials. Using Fresnel's equations it is possible to obtain this data from simple measurements of the dielectric properties in case of smooth material surfaces. We extend this method to model rough surfaces in the specular direction and verify our model with direct reflection measurements on two common building materials, namely ingrain wallpaper and concrete plaster.
UFMC-based wideband spectrum sensing for cognitive radio systems in non-Gaussian noise

Cognitive radio (CR) is an important technology that allows to deal with spectrum congestion, where secondary applications (users) attempt to access a frequency band that is reserved for a primary application. A challenging function for a CR is to sense a frequency band and detect the absence or presence of a licensed user, a task referred to as spectrum sensing. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the Rao-test based detector for wideband spectrum sensing under non-Gaussian noise in a multi-carrier transmission framework. Specifically, we incorporate this detector into the universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) modulation scheme envisaged for 5G systems. Through numerical simulations, we show that the Rao-test based detector combined with UFMC outperforms the traditional OFDM based system in a realistic non-Gaussian noise environment.
Fluid shear stress induces endothelial KLF2 gene expression through a defined promoter region

Abstract Fluid shear stress is crucial for maintenance of a properly functioning endothelium. In this study we demonstrate that the KLF2 transcription factor is greatly induced by pulsatile shear stress in murine microvascular endothelial cells. The promoter elements responsible for the induction were studied by transfection with luciferase-reporter plasmids including the 5′ flanking region of the murine KLF2 gene. Deletion analysis reveals that the responses are regulated by a region from -157 to -95 bp from the start site of transcription. Furthermore, shear stress induces specific nuclear binding within this region. These results define a novel shear stress response region that is highly conserved between mouse and human homologs.
Kidney transplantation: determination of the problems encountered by Turkish patients and their knowledge and practices on healthy living.

BACKGROUND Although renal transplantations remove many limitations, dialysis can improve quality life in patients with end-stage renal disease, once transplantation has been performed and the patient has been discharged with a functioning graft, life with a chronic illness continues. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was carried out to define problems encountered by patients undergoing kidney transplantation and their knowledge and practices on healthy living. DESIGN This study was designed as a retrospective and descriptive survey. METHODS This study was performed on 125 patients who were followed at Social Insurance Institute's Ankara Specialty Hospital Transplantation Clinic between March and August 2001. A convenience sample was drawn from the population of renal transplant patients. A questionnaire was prepared based on the literature, which included patients' socio-demographic information, physiological problems, diseases and repeated hospitalizations; side-effects and usage of immunosuppressive drugs, knowledge and practices of patients regarding healthy living and their knowledge needs. Data were collected through interviews. Percentage and chi-square test were used in evaluation of the data. RESULTS Physiological problems and diseases after renal transplantations were seen such as 38.4% had infections in urinary and respiratory tract. Some had hypertension (22.4%) hypercholesterolaemia (26.5%) and 5.6% had malignancy. Most (67.2%) developed antirejection drugs side-effects. About 55.2% were admitted to hospital after renal transplantation and 68.8% had not received any training after transplantation from a health professional. Only 35.2% knew the signs and symptoms of rejection entirely or partly. It was determined that 55.2% stated that they avoid sunlight and 56% stated that they exercise regularly. Only 26.8% of female patients do regular breast self-examination. While 52.8% listed the forbidden foods correctly, only 27.2% could list the forbidden beverages accurately. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, patients undergoing renal transplantation experience various problems that may influence their quality of life adversely and their knowledge and practice is not adequate for them to continue to lead healthy lives. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE In accordance with the results of the study, offering continuing education and counselling services, preparing training guides, brochures, video cassettes and CDs for patient education, improving the national web sites to inform the public and creation of a home care system were suggested.
HEMATOPOIESIS AND STEM CELLS Runx 1 and Cbf b regulate the development of Flt 3 1 dendritic cell progenitors and restrict myeloproliferative disorder

Diversified subsets of mature blood cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via intermediate progenitor populations with limited self-renewal and lineage potential. HSCs are enriched in the LinSca1c-kit (LSK) fraction of bone marrow (BM) cells and differentiate into Flt3CD115 (Macrophage-colony-stimulating factor receptor [MCSF-R]) macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) progenitors (MDPs), Flt3IL7R common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), and CD16/32 granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs) via an intermediate Flt3 LSK population, called lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs). Balanced multilineage differentiation from HSCs to lineage-restricted progenitors requires gene expression programs regulated by transcription factors, such as Sfpi1 (PU.1), Ikzf1 (Ikaros), Gfi1, and Cebpa. The Runx family of transcription factors plays key roles in the development of HSCs, lymphocytes, and megakaryocytes. The Runx family consists of 3a subunits, Runx1, Runx2, andRunx3, and 1 b subunit, Cbfb, which functions as the obligatory dimerization partner for eacha subunit to formDNA-binding complexes.Alteration of Runx1 or Cbfb function caused by chromosomal translocations is frequently found in human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), whereas Runx3 deficiency has been implicated in myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs) in agedmice. AlthoughRunx1 is essential for HSC formation from hemogenic endothelial cells during embryogenesis, conditional deletion of Runx1 in HSCs neither influences the survival of mice nor the maintenance of long-term HSCs. By contrast, Runx1 is required for the development of B and T lymphocytes andmegakaryocytes, suggesting that it functions in cell fate decisions during BMprogenitor differentiation. Although Runx1 is essential for the development of pro-B cells and doublenegative thymocytes, its requirement in early BM progenitors has not been defined. Furthermore, compound disruption of multiple Runx genes results in stronger phenotypes than single Runx gene inactivation, suggesting that the 3 Runx proteins have partially redundant functions. This redundancy may underestimate the importance of Runx proteins in HSCs or early hematopoiesis, and therefore it remains unclear whether Runx proteins are important for HSC differentiation and prevention of MPD or leukemia. In this study, we demonstrate that Runx1 and Cbfb are absolutely required for the development of Flt3DC progenitors and all mature DC lineages. Pan-hematopoietic Cbfb-deficient mice show aberrant differentiation of HSCs to GMPs, leading to MPD and severe anemia. The expression of Irf8 is downregulated in Cbfb-deficient progenitors, and forced expression of Irf8, which is known to inhibit the development of granulocytes from HSCs, rescues defective
Evaluation of Positron Emission Tomography With Tracer 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose in Addition to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer in Selected Women After Ultrasonography

Objective: To determine whether positron emission tomography (PET) with tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) yields additional information in the diagnosis of malignancy compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in selected women after screening for ovarian masses by ultrasonography (US). Methods: After 49 patients were screened by US and physical examination (including a pelvic examination) by 2 experienced gynecologic oncologists, 38 patients suspected of having ovarian cancer were enrolled in the study. All 38 underwent MRI and FDG-PET. The results of the histologic findings were used to assess the accuracy of the imaging findings. Results: Of the 38 women, 23 had malignant lesions and 15 had benign lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging, PET, and MRI with FDG-PET diagnoses had sensitivities of 91%, 78%, and 91%, respectively; specificities of 87%, 87%, and 87%, respectively; and diagnostic accuracy of 92%, 82%, and 92%, respectively. Conclusion: The addition of FDG-PET to MRI does not yield significant additional information for differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian masses in selected women after US.
Neonatal campylobacter enteritis.

Campylobacter jejuni/coli (C. jejuni/coli) is now established as a common bacterial cause of diarrhea. "4 Little is known of the consequences of campylobacter enteritis during pregnancy on the health of the mother and her baby. Nine cases of neonatal campylobacter enteritis have previously been recorded,5 but insufficient clinical details were provided. We report a further case of neonatal campylobacter enteritis that was probably acquired from the mother during birth. Such infections should now be preventable by proper diagnosis and treatment of campylobacter enteritis occurring during pregnancy.
Downstream Genes of Sox8 That Would Affect Adult Male Fertility

Sertoli cells provide nutritional and physical support to germ cells during spermatogenesis. Sox8 encodes a high mobility group transcription factor closely related to Sox9 and Sox10. Sertoli cells produceSOX8 protein, and its elimination results in an age-dependent deregulation of spermatogenesis resulting in male infertility. This suggests that Sox8 is a critical regulator of Sertoli cell function for the maintenance of male fertility beyond the first wave of spermatogenesis. To better understand the roles of Sox8 in testicular development and maintenance of male fertility, we have performed a detailed analysis to explore its downstream genes. We have used mRNA expression profiling to identify affected genes in Sertoli cells in the mutant testes of 2-month-old mice. Expression profiling of the heterozygous and homozygous Sox8 mutant testes indicates alterations in several important spermatogenesis and blood-testis barrier genes, providing insight into the molecular basis of the defects in Sox8–/– testes beyond the first wave of spermatogenesis.
A conceptual model and an information tool for the establishment of production networks based on small and smallest enterprises

Especially small and medium-sized enterprises possess not sufficient know-how and resources for developing and producing complex products desired by the customer. Collaborations within production networks with equal righted partners offers the chance to solve this problem. To enable the participation within the network, the paper illustrates the evolution and extension of the management and operation concept Extended Value Chain Management (EVCM), by which the whole life-cycle of such production networks, starting from the generation and ending by the decomposition of this network, is covered. Further, an information tool to support the EVCM is presented.
Selective Inhibition of Bacterial Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetases by Indolmycin Is Mechanism-based*

Indolmycin is a natural tryptophan analog that competes with tryptophan for binding to tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) enzymes. Bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic TrpRSs have comparable affinities for tryptophan (Km ∼ 2 μm), and yet only bacterial TrpRSs are inhibited by indolmycin. Despite the similarity between these ligands, Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bs)TrpRS preferentially binds indolmycin ∼1500-fold more tightly than its tryptophan substrate. Kinetic characterization and crystallographic analysis of BsTrpRS allowed us to probe novel aspects of indolmycin inhibitory action. Previous work had revealed that long range coupling to residues within an allosteric region called the D1 switch of BsTrpRS positions the Mg2+ ion in a manner that allows it to assist in transition state stabilization. The Mg2+ ion in the inhibited complex forms significantly closer contacts with non-bridging oxygen atoms from each phosphate group of ATP and three water molecules than occur in the (presumably catalytically competent) pre-transition state (preTS) crystal structures. We propose that this altered coordination stabilizes a ground state Mg2+·ATP configuration, accounting for the high affinity inhibition of BsTrpRS by indolmycin. Conversely, both the ATP configuration and Mg2+ coordination in the human cytosolic (Hc)TrpRS preTS structure differ greatly from the BsTrpRS preTS structure. The effect of these differences is that catalysis occurs via a different transition state stabilization mechanism in HcTrpRS with a yet-to-be determined role for Mg2+. Modeling indolmycin into the tryptophan binding site points to steric hindrance and an inability to retain the interactions used for tryptophan substrate recognition as causes for the 1000-fold weaker indolmycin affinity to HcTrpRS.