Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of basic pharmacotherapy in the prevention of late adverse events after elective coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE The aim: To determine the role of adherence to the guidelines on basic pharmacotherapy in prevention of late major adverse clinical events (MAEs) in patients with stable CAD for three years following isolated CABG. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: A prospective single-centre study included 251 consecutive patients with stable CAD (mean age (61±9) years, 218 (86.9%) males), after isolated CABG. In three years MAЕs occurred in 55 (21.9%) patients. The data on pharmacotherapy at follow-up were obtained in 250 patients: 196 (78.4%) patients without MAEs (at scheduled visit) and 54 (21.6%) patients with MAEs (based on in-hospital or archive data). RESULTS Results: Basic CAD pharmacotherapy after CABG was comparable in MAEs vs. no-MAEs groups, with the vast majority of patients receiving guideline-recommended therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEII) or angiotensin-II receptors blockers (ARBs), statins and antiplatelet drugs. At three years follow-up, MAEs group, as opposed to no-MAEs group, was characterized by the lower usage of ACEII/ARBs (68.5% vs. 87.2%, respectively; p=0,001) and statins (59.3% vs. 86.7%, respectively; p<0,001), as well as basic triple therapy (ACEII or ARBs/statins/antiplatelet drugs: 35.2% vs. 70.4%, respectively [p<0,001]). CONCLUSION Conclusions: At three - year follow-up MAEs in patients with stable CAD after CABG were associated with more frequent discontinuation of previously prescribed basic pharmacotherapy, namely ACEII/ARBs and statins, as well as triple therapy (ACEII/ARBs, statins and antiplatelet drugs).
Níveis de lisina digestível em rações, em que se manteve ou não a relação aminoacídica, para frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade, mantidos em estresse por calor

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of digestible lysine levels in diets maintaining or not the relationship of amino acids, on performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days, kept under heat stress. A completely randomized experimental design was used in both trials. In the trial 1, the broilers were allotted in five treatments (0.92; 0.98; 1.04; 1.10 and 1.16% of lysine in conventional diets), eight replicates and ten broilers per replicate. In the trial 2, the broilers were allotted in four treatments (1.04; 1.10; 1.16 and 1.22% of lysine in diet maintaining the relationship of amino acids), eight replicates and ten broilers per replicate. In the trial 1, the digestible lysine levels influenced quadraticly the weight gain and the feed intake that increased up to 1.14 and 1.09%, respectively. Although feed:gain ratio had changed by linear way, the LRP model adjusted better to the data, estimating in 1.097% the lysine level where occurred a "plateau". There was no effect of treatments on absolute weights of heart, liver and intestines, while the absolute weight of gizzard increased linearly. The absolute weight of carcass increased while the relative weights of heart and liver reduced quadraticly. In the trial 2, the treatments influenced in a crescent linear way the weight gain and the feed:gain ratio while the feed intake was not influenced. The treatments influenced linearly the absolute weight of carcass while the absolute and relative weights of the organs were not influenced. It was concluded that male broilers, in the period from 1 to 21 days of age, kept under heat stress, require at least 1.14 and 1.22% of digestible lysine in conventional diet and in diet maintaining the relationship of amino acid, respectively.
Subacute enterovirus-associated encephalitis in a young adult coinfected with borrelia burgdorferI.

OBJECTIVE The aim: To pay attention of clinicians to sterile encephalitis in adults, which in fact may be caused by EVs. RESULTS Results: A young woman was admitted to our clinic because of 3-month-history of mild fever, left-sided soft facial paralysis, and generalized weakness. MR brain imaging in T2W, FLAIR, and T1W mode showed focal hyper intensive abnormalities in various parts of the left hemisphere. EV RNA was detected in the patient's CSF on admission. IgM class antibodies to B.burgdorferi were present in the blood. Antibiotics and ribavirin have been administrated with a good effect. CONCLUSION Conclusion: This case shows that EV infection may cause brainstem encephalitis accompanied by severe neurological manifestations in adults.
Special Edition on Cerebrovascular Disease

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are currently not contraindications, however, data regarding this complex issue are limited. We report 2 cases of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after IV t-PA, each with evidence of CAA. Patients with CAA may have increased risk for IV thrombolysis-associated sICH. We highlight the severe and catastrophic pattern of ICH, which may be a defining characteristic, and discuss the limitations of our current understanding of the risk of thrombolysis-associated ICH in patients with CAA and/ or CMBs.
Spatial responses of hyporheic invertebrates to seasonal changes in environmental parameters

Summary 1. Spatial relationships between hyporheic invertebrates and subsurface water flow patterns, sediment characteristics, water physicochemical parameters and several possible food sources were compared over three seasons at one site beneath a riffle. Measures of food sources included particulate organic matter (POM), bacterial activity (aerobic respiration, nitrate respiration and mineralisation of organic nitrogen) and microbial abundance. 2. Patterns of water flow changed significantly over the 9-month study period, from predominantly upwelling beneath the entire riffle in spring, to distinct differentiation between downwelling and upwelling zones in summer and autumn. Water physicochemical parameters changed accordingly, showing gradually weaker correlations with depth and stronger correlations with zone between spring and autumn. 3. Despite these changes, depth remained the strongest predictor of invertebrate richness, density and taxon composition throughout the study period. However, invertebrate distributions were secondarily correlated with water physicochemical parameters, and a minor gradient in invertebrate distributions between downwelling and upwelling zones became stronger from spring to summer. 4. The correlations between invertebrates and physicochemical parameters changed in both magnitude and direction with season. In spring, invertebrates showed a negative correlation with surface water infiltration, whereas in summer and autumn, the correlation was positive. Correlations were strongest in summer, when interstitial dissolved oxygen concentrations were lowest. 5. No relationships were found between hyporheic invertebrates and POM, microbial abundance or activity. This suggests that at this site, proximity to the streambed surface and physicochemical variables are more important than the abundance of food in controlling invertebrate distributions.
Modeling Temperature-Dependent Dermal Absorption and Clearance for Transdermal and Topical Drug Applications

A computational model was developed to better understand the impact of elevated skin temperatures on transdermal drug delivery and dermal clearance. A simultaneous heat and mass transport model with emphasis on transdermal delivery system (TDS) applications was developed to address transient and steady-state temperature effects on dermal absorption. The model was tested using representative data from nicotine TDS applied to human skin either in vitro or in vivo . The approximately 2-fold increase of nicotine absorption with a 10°C increase in skin surface temperature was consistent with a 50–65 kJ/mol activation energy for diffusion in the stratum corneum, with this layer serving as the primary barrier for nicotine absorption. Incorporation of a dermal clearance component into the model revealed efficient removal of nicotine via the dermal capillaries at both normal and elevated temperatures. Two-compartment pharmacokinetic simulations yielded systemic drug concentrations consistent with the human pharmacokinetic data. Both in vitro skin permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetics of nicotine delivered from a marketed TDS under normal and elevated temperatures can be satisfactorily described by a simultaneous heat and mass transfer computational model incorporating realistic skin barrier properties and dermal clearance components.
Fishing Effort Analysis and Its Potential to Evaluate Stock Size

The analysis of fishing effort data has long occupied fisheries researchers in deriving appropriate indices of abundance for identifying changes in the size of fish populations. During the past 50 years, contributions in the scientific literature have dealt with the general theory and concepts relating catch-per-unit-effort with abundance. Up until recently, however, the spatial component of this relationship has largely been ignored. This article reviews the major advances in the analysis of commercial catch-per-unit-effort data for estimating stock size and highlights the advantages of including spatial correlation in fisheries data.
How Do the Genetic Loads Affect the Fitness of Their Carriers in Drosophila Populations?

Most individuals in natural populations of Drosophila carry one or more chromosomes which are lethal, semilethal, subvital, or otherwise injurious in double dose (in homozygous condition). Attempts to find out what effects such chromosomes have in heterozygous carriers have given, as a review of the literature shows, apparently conflicting results. The conflicts are mostly resolved if one realizes that the genetic variants which persist in natural populations are not a fair sample of those arising by mutation. Natural selection tends to eliminate the variants that reduce the fitness of heterozygous carriers, and to conserve the quasi-neutral and useful ones. It is suggested that the genetic diversity in populations can be divided in the categories of adaptive norm, genetic load and the genetic elite. The adaptive norm lies within two standard deviations on either side of the mean fitness of individuals observed in a population under panmixia or whatever other breeding system the population has followed in its evolution. The genetic load and the genetic elite lie respectively below and above two standard deviations from the mean fitness.
Lignotuber Development and Growth Parameters in Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.): Effects of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Levels

Previous reports of nutritional and genetical effects on lignotuber development in eucalypts are summarized. Seedlings of two provenances of E. camaldulensis, one normally lignotuberous the other non-lignotuberous, were raised under combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus levels. When an effect of nitrogen on overall growth is taken into account, there is no additional effect of phosphorus on lignotuber size or plant height, but there is an effect on the number of branches. Lignotubers were not formed on plants of the southern provenance irrespective of the plane of nutrition. In the northern provenance the percentage of lignotuber-bearing seedlings was highest at high levels of phosphorus associated with low to intermediate levels of nitrogen. At high nitrogen levels there was no statistical effect of change in phosphorus level on percentage of lignotuber formation. Nitrogen supply appears to be the main controlling nutritional factor.
Effect of different grazing strategies on dry matter yields and nutritive characteristics of whole crop cereals.

Forage cereals offer the potential to increase the amount of forage grown and consumed on dairy farms in southern Australia. The effect of single or multiple grazing of winter cereal forages by lactating dairy cattle on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value at grazing and on subsequent silage production harvested at the soft-dough stage of growth was determined in three studies in south-western Victoria. In the first two studies, a range of forage cereals and an annual ryegrass were grazed either once (G1) during tillering (GS 21–29), followed by locking up for silage, grazed twice (G2) (GS 21–29 and GS 32–34), followed by locking up for silage, or not grazed (NG) and harvested for silage only. In the third study, two forage cereals were either ungrazed (NG) or grazed at either GS 21, GS 24, GS 30 or GS 32 and subsequently locked up and harvested for silage. All silage harvests occurred at GS 84 (soft dough). In all studies, grazing at early tillering resulted in DM yield of less than 1.4 t DM/ha, although crude protein (CP) (30–37% DM) and estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (12.2–14 MJ/kg DM) were high. Deferring grazing until the start of stem elongation resulted in higher DM yields (1.8–4.3 t DM/ha). Silage DM yields were higher (P < 0.05) for G1 and NG treatments than for G2 in all cases apart from McKellar wheat in study 1. At silage harvest, CP and estimated ME contents of cereals were lower than for annual ryegrass. In general, total DM yields across the growing season were higher for the G1 and NG treatments compared with forages that were grazed twice before silage harvest. Deferment of a single grazing from early tillering to stem elongation did not adversely affect total DM production. However, delaying grazing until stem elongation resulted in significant declines in CP concentration and estimated ME. These studies highlight the potential of cereal forages to contribute to DM production on dairy farms in southern Australia. They can provide additional flexibility into forage systems through the provision of forage for a single grazing in early winter and in the production of high DM yield silage harvests. Cereals grazed in early winter have a high estimated ME and CP content, whereas the nutritive characteristics when harvested for silage at soft dough are of only moderate feed value. Consideration is required as to how best to incorporate these into diets of lactating dairy cattle.
Fast-dissolving intraoral drug delivery systems

Fast-dissolving drug delivery is rapidly gaining interest in the pharmaceutical industry. These delivery systems either dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth rapidly, without requiring any water to aid in swallowing. Such technologies offer a convenient way of dosing medications, not only to special population groups with swallowing difficulties, but also to the general population. They also impart unique product differentiation, thus enabling use as line extensions for existing commercial products. This review discusses the various technologies in recent patents used to achieve quick dissolution/dispersion in the oral cavity. They are categorised based on either processing or formulation variables. Processing techniques, such as lyophilisation, tablet moulding, sublimation and spray drying, are discussed in this article. Review of the formulation techniques includes addition of sugar-based ingredients, foaming agents and disintegrants. Finally, an emerging novel dosage form, a quick-dissolving film, is discussed.
Hormonal Correlates of Dominance and Starvation‐induced Aggression in Chicks of the Blue‐footed Booby

In the blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii), the first-hatched chick aggressively dominates its sibling and sometimes kills it when food is in short supply. To investigate the endocrine correlates of dominance-subordinance and hunger-induced agonism, we deprived 15–20-d-old single-chick and two-chick broods of food during 48 h by taping chicks' necks to prevent ingestion of parentally provided food (a protocol used previously and known to elicit escalated sibling fighting). We monitored weight and levels of circulating testosterone, oestradiol and corticosterone in deprived and normally fed broods comprising singletons, seniors (= dominants) and juniors (= subordinates), and observed behaviour to verify that aggression increased in deprived two-chick broods. During the 2 d of fasting, experimental chicks lost on average 6% of their baseline weight. After normal feeding was reinstated, seniors and singletons recovered normal (control) weight, but juniors remained significantly lighter than controls. No testosterone was detected in any nestling, but baseline corticosterone level was 109% higher in juniors than in seniors or singletons, implying that elevated corticosterone in juniors is a consequence of social subordination and may facilitate submissive behaviour. Although there was evidence that aggression of seniors increased under food deprivation, the increase was not accompanied by the rise in levels of testosterone expected under the ‘Challenge hypothesis’ (Wingfield et al. 1990). This result implies that this hypothesis probably does not apply to booby nestlings in the context of starvation-induced aggression. During the 2 d deprivation period, corticosterone levels of experimental chicks increased significantly, then declined to baseline levels a day after tapes were removed. The increase was probably due to the combined effects of starvation and frustration. We suggest that corticosterone could alter responsiveness of nestling blue-footed boobies to external stimuli, resulting in more aggression by dominants and greater readiness of subordinates to submit.
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Ration Supplemented with Protected Vegetable Oils

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of protected vegetable oils supplementation on in vitro fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial population, and methane production in cattle. The treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design involving 2 factors i.e. oil type (sesame, canola, and flaxseed) and protection methods (non protected, calcium soap, and microencapsulation). Variables observed were rumen pH, N-NH3, total and molar proportion of VFA, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, population of protozoa and total bacteria, methane production, and hydrogen balance. Data were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the differences among treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The oil type did not affect all variables measured. The protection method using microencapsulation significantly increased N-NH3 concentration. There was an interaction between oil type and protection method on total VFA concentration, molar proportion of VFA, and methane production. The supplementation of calcium soap-flaxseed oil significantly increased total VFA production, while the supplementation of microencapsulated flaxseed oil had the highest propionate concentration and H2 utilization, the lowest A:P ratio, and methane production. It is concluded that microencapsulated flaxseed oil was the best treatment to optimize rumen fermentation.
RESILIENCE TO LARGE‐SCALE DISTURBANCE IN CORAL AND FISH ASSEMBLAGES ON THE GREAT BARRIER REEF

Recognition of the complex spatial and temporal variability of abundance and diversity found in many populations has led to a greater focus on the roles of heterogeneity, stochasticity, and disturbance in the structure and persistence of communities. This focus is directly relevant to coral reef communities that are characterized by very high species diversity in a spatially heterogeneous environment, display stochastic variability in community structure at small spatial and temporal scales, and are subject to major disturbances. We monitored coral and fish assemblages over 14 years on fixed sites spread over 80 km of the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, and found evidence of large-scale resilience and predictable recovery of these assemblages. Sometime between November 1987 and October 1989, live coral cover on the shallow northeast flanks of some reefs in the southern GBR decreased from >80% to <10%, probably as a result of storm damage. We compared the fish and benthic communities present .
Hidden Markov Modeling for humpback whale (Megaptera Novaeanglie) call classification

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are widely used for speech recognition tasks but have been used rarely for the classification of bioacoustics signals. This study proposes a new approach for the supervised classification of the calls that compose humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song sequences with the use of HMMs, based on the concept of subunits as building blocks. HMMs are suitable candidates to conduct such classification tasks because they are very flexible, which suggests that they will cope with the great variability of the humpback whale call repertoire and also with the changes in duration of individual calls. Indeed, the same vocalisations which are repeated by an individual throughout a song may vary in length as the song progresses, posing a challenge for classification algorithms. Another attractive characteristic of HMMs is that highly developed tool-set is widely available. We describe the HMM classification method and show that a high level of performance can be achieved with modest requ.
Seasonal Variation in Body Condition of Adult Barents Sea Harp Seals (Phoca groenlandica)

In the period 1990–94, harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) were sampled for ecological studies in various areas and seasons in the Barents Sea. Data on total body weight, standard body length, axillary girth, dorsal and ventral blubber thickness were collected from all seals. Data from seals with standard body length 150 cm or more were analysed in order to evaluate the seasonal dynamics in body condition of the adult seals. Blubber thickness measurements and a condition index (C) expressed as C = L / W × d, where L is standard body length (cm), W is total body mass (kg) and d is dorsal blubber thickness (cm), showed the same seasonal patterns. The seals were in poor condition in spring and early summer (May–June), condition improved during the course of summer, and the animals were in good condition in September and in October when the mean dorsal blubber thickness was approximately 88 mm. The energy stores built up during the summer and autumn were maintained until February, whereafter the seals became thinner as the stores of blubber decreased rapidly during the breeding season (late February–March). A slight, but not significant increase in dorsal blubber thickness was observed in the short period between lactation and moult (late March–early April), but the stores of blubber decreased further during moult (late April–May) to a mean dorsal blubber thickness of less than 20 mm in mid-June. No significant difference was observed in blubber thickness or condition indices between the sexes in the various periods, except during April when the females were in significantly poorer condition than the males. Harp seals sampled during the seal invasions to North Norwegian coastal waters in February 1988 were in poorer condition than seals captured in the Barents Sea in February 1993.