Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Characteristics of Pulmonary Nodules Using Thin-section CT Images

高分解能の薄切CT（Thin-section CT：TS-CT）画像により，肺野腫瘤陰影の精細な画像が得られるようになり，CT画像による小型肺腫瘤の質的診断が可能になってきた．肺野小型腫瘤陰影は，TS-CT画像の縦隔条件と肺野条件を比較することで，含気型陰影と充実型陰影に分類される．また，肺野条件画像所見からは，（1）Non-solid nodule（GGO：ground-glass opacity），（2）Part-solid nodule，（3）Solid noduleに分類される．GGOを呈する腫瘍性病変の代表的なものは，野口type A腺癌やAAHである．Part-solid noduleは野口type Bやtype C腺癌の病理組織を反映している．Part-solid noduleのsolid部分は，含気型腺癌では虚脱の病理組織所見に相当するのに対し，充実型腺癌では肺胞構築を破壊して増殖する腫瘍細胞の病理組織を反映しており，充実型腺癌は含気型に比べ術後の予後が不良である．Solid noduleは野口type D腺癌，扁平上皮癌・小細胞癌などが呈する画像である．TS-CTの水平断面画像所見からだけでなく，MPR画像，造影TS-CT画像，経時的変化などの多角的な画像診断を行なうことで，質的診断の精度が向上する．
Modelo Conceitual de Dados Baseado em Ontologia: Estudo de Caso CGU(Ontology Based Conceptual Data Model: A Study in a Brazilian Federal Agency)

This paper describes the study and proposal of an information architecture, in the form of an ontology-based conceptual data model, for the CGU Ministry with potential for use in the implementation of data sources governance and management based on Cobit 4.1 PO2 Define the Information Architecture process. keywords: Data Management, Ontology, Integration, Information Architecture Resumo. Este artigo descreve o estudo e a proposta de arquitetura da informação, sob a forma de um modelo conceitual de dados baseado em ontologia, para o Ministério CGU com potencial de uso na implementação da governança e gestão de fontes de dados baseada no processo PO2 Definir a Arquitetura da Informação do Cobit 4.1.
Does training with PowerCranks™ affect economy of motion, cycling efficiency, oxygen uptake and muscle activation patterns in trained cyclists?

PowerCranksTM are claimed to increase economy of motion and cycling efficiency by reducing the muscular recruitment patterns that contribute to the resistive forces occurring during the recovery phase of the pedal stroke. However, scientific research examining the efficacy of training with PowerCranksTM is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if five weeks of training with PowerCranksTM improves economy of motion (EOM), gross efficiency (GE), oxygen uptake (Error! Bookmark not defined.V . O2) and muscle activation patterns in trained cyclists. Sixteen trained cyclists were matched and paired into either a PowerCranksTM (PC) or Normal Cranks (NC) training group. Prior to training, all subjects completed a graded exercise test (GXT) using normal bicycle cranks. Additionally, on a separate day the PC group performed a modified GXT using PowerCranksTM and cycled only until the end of the 200W stage (PCT). During the GXT and PCT, FeO2, FeCO2 and V . E were measured to determine EOM, GE and V . O2max. Integrated electromyography (iEMG) was also used to examine selected muscular activation patterns. Subjects then repeated the tests following the completion of training on their assigned cranks. No significant improvements were observed for EOM, GE, V . O2max or iEMG in either the PC or NC group when subjects were cycling with normal cranks during the GXT. Likewise, no significant training effects were observed when PC subjects cycled with PowerCranksTM during the PCT. PC group subjects were significantly less efficient and economical, before and after training when cycling with PowerCranksTM compared to cycling with normal cranks. The results from this study do not support benefits claimed by PowerCranksTM, however further research is needed to examine the influence of training with PowerCranksTM on various physiological variables over a more prolonged training duration.
Nouveautés dans la ciguatéra : étude des facteurs de risque de gravité parmi une cohorte hospitalière polynésienne et conséquences sur la prise en charge en structure de soins de santé primaires

OBJECTIFS : Le but de cette etude est de trouver des facteurs de risque de gravite de ciguatera parmi une cohorte hospitaliere polynesienne. L'objectif secondaire etait d'evaluer le recours au systeme de soins primaire. METHODE : Il s'agit d'une etude epidemiologique retrospective cas-temoins realisee au centre hospitalier de Polynesie francaise sur les dossiers de janvier 2005 a decembre 2012. Etaient inclus les dossiers codes T61.0 selon la CIM-10 de l'OMS correspondant aux dates. Etaient exclus : les dossiers perdus, les erreurs de diagnostic ou de codage. La presence d'un des signes suivants etait consideree comme grave : frequence cardiaque ˂60 bpm necessitant de l'atropine, tension arterielle systolique ˂90 mmHg, hypothermie ˂35°C ou deficit neurologique severe. Une regression pas a pas a ete utilisee pour l'analyse multivariee. Une valeur de p < 0,05 etait jugee significative. Les criteres d'evaluations de l'objectif secondaire etaient le mode d'arrivee aux urgences, l'existence d'une consultation et d'un traitement prealable. RESULTATS : 181 patients ont ete inclus : 133 severes et 48 non severes. L'existence de douleurs abdominales requerant des antispasmodiques etait associee a l'etat de gravite (OR=2,6 ; IC95 : 1.03-6.7 ; p=0,04) de meme que le delai d'hospitalisation (OR=0.808 ; IC95 : 0.692-0.943 ; p=0,007). Concernant l'objectif secondaire : 25% des patients ont consulte avant d'aller aux urgences, 78% y ont recouru spontanement. Seuls 49% avaient beneficie d'un traitement. CONCLUSION : Les episodes severes de ciguatera chez les patients hospitalises sont associes avec des douleurs abdominales necessitant l'administration d'antispasmodique. La presence de telles douleurs doivent alerter le praticien et motiver une surveillance rapprochee. Une etude comparative de cette cohorte avec les patients non hospitalises declares devrait permettre de decouvrir d'autres facteurs de risque.
A Qualitative Study of Workplace Factors Influencing Expertise in the Delivery of Children’s Education and Mental Health Services

Background : Interest in professional expertise is growing. Interactional and developmental perspectives are being adopted to understand the nature of expertise and the environmental factors that influence its development. This article provides qualitative information about the workplace factors and experiences considered important by individuals providing education or mental health services to children, with one group working within an interprofessional team approach (service providers) and the other working in a discipline-specific manner (teachers). Methods and Findings : Two focus groups were held: one involving 5 elementary or secondary school teachers and principals, and one involving 9 therapists who provide specialized children’s mental health services. Information arising in these group sessions was used to develop themes reflecting key elements discussed; the themes were then contrasted to infer differences between the two groups. The findings point to the importance of establishing a collaborative, learning-oriented workplace culture, including opportunities for varied work experiences, peer interaction and dialogue, and feedback. Conclusions: Implications include adopting relationship-oriented and collaborative service delivery models and ensuring that workplace settings encourage natural learning opportunities involving interaction, dialogue, and feedback, as well as meaningful professional development experiences of value to participants.
Polarization Orientation Angle and Polarimetric SAR Scattering Characteristics of Steep Terrain

Polarization orientation angle (POA) is an important parameter of polarimetric radar scattering from slopes in mountainous region. It is known that surface tilted in azimuth direction and buildings not aligned in the along-track direction induce polarization orientation shifts. Earlier research has established orientation angle as a function of radar imaging geometry and surface slopes, and that POA estimation can be derived from polarimetric radar data using circular polarization. Besides these, polarimetric scattering from steep slopes and its relation to POA remain not well understood. In this paper, we address these issues by adopting a tilted surface model based on Bragg scattering. We have found that, as the azimuthal slope increases, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>VV</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> decreases at a faster rate than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>HH</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, they become equal, when POA is ±45°, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>HH</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert >\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>VV</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> afterward. In other words, the Pauli component, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>HH</italic>-<italic>VV</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduced to zero at POA = ± 45°, and the typical Bragg scattering characteristics of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>VV</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert >\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>HH</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> does not apply when steep slope is present inducing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula>POA<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert > 45^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, the cross-pol <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula><italic>HV</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> does not always increase with azimuth slope but also reaches a maximum then decreases to zero. In addition, we investigate the effect of soil moisture on polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) scattering characteristics of steep terrain and the effect of vegetation over surface on POA estimation. The latter is demonstrated with NASA/JPL TOPSAR L-band PolSAR data and C-band InSAR data. Another significance of this paper is that it provides a direct and rigorous derivation of POA equations. The earlier version was derived from a different concept.
A genetic algorithm for constrained via minimization

Constrained via minimization is a typical optimization problem in very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) routing. It is used to minimize the number of vias introduced in a VLSI routing. The first genetic algorithm for the constrained via minimization problem is proposed. Experimental results show that the developed genetic algorithm can consistently produce the same or better results than the best deterministic constrained via minimization algorithms.
Klassifikation nachgiebiger Mechanismen und Aktuatoren

Nachgiebigkeit wird heute nicht mehr nur als ein Nachteil mechanischer Systeme aufgefasst, sondern es werden deren Vorteile, wie Ausnutzung elastischer Krafte, Moglichkeit der Energiespeicherung, Koharenz der Struktur etc., gezielt eingesetzt, um qualitativ neue Eigenschaften eines Systems zu erreichen. Um die Anwendung nachgiebiger Systeme voranzutreiben, wird in diesem Beitrag Klassifikation nachgiebiger Mechanismen und Aktuatoren gegeben. Auserdem wird die Nachgiebigkeit, als eine wichtige Eigenschaft derartiger Systeme, sowie deren Ursache und Wirkung betrachtet. Diese Ausfuhrungen sollen bei einem Entwurf bzw. einer Wahl nachgiebiger Systeme helfen.
Detecting Leaks of Sensitive Data Due to Stale Reads

It is well-established that out-of-bounds buffer reads and writes pose a major threat to an application's security. Less appreciated is that even in-bound reads have the potential to lead to a violation of a security property of the application, especially confidentiality-based requirements. For example, an uninitialized or stale portion of a buffer might contain sensitive information and generally should not be read. This paper introduces a heuristic-driven dynamic analysis that aims to detect reads that may be accessing stale sensitive data. We apply this analysis to two real-world programs where in-bounds stale reads led to leakage of sensitive data: the Jetty web server (with the JetLeak vulnerability) and OpenSSL (with the Heartbleed vulnerability). Our approach was able to detect JetLeak, and with some modifications was also able to detect Heartbleed. We furthermore applied our analysis to the GNU Coreutils, and report results from that experiment. We suggest a number of directions for future work to refine and extend our approach.
A Fuzzy-Based Approach for Modelling Preferences of Users in Multi-Criteria Recommender Systems

Recommender systems (RSs) are web-based tools that use various machine learning and filtering methods to propose useful items for users. Several techniques have been used to develop such a system for generating a list of useful recommendations. Traditionally, RSs use a single rating to represent preferences of a user on an item. A multi-criteria recommendation is a new technique that recommends items to users based on multiple attributes of the items. This technique has been used to solve many recommendation problems. Its predictive performance has been tested and proved to be more efficient than the traditional approach. However, this paper presents a model that is based on the architecture and main features of fuzzy sets and systems. Fuzzy logic (FL) is widely known for its application in different fields of study with its main advantage being that it does not need a lot of training data and its ability to combine human heuristics into the computer-assisted decision making process. FL is highly applicable in the domain of RS. The proposed study is to test and provide the predictive performance of the fuzzy-based multi-criteria technique and compare it with a single rating RS. Experimental results on real-world datasets from Yahoo! Movies proved that the proposed technique has remarkably improved the accuracy of the system
Deterministic replay debugging of embedded real-time systems using standard components

Men and women make mistakes. They always have and they alwayswill. Naturally, software engineers are no exception to thisrule. When software engineers make their mistakes, these manifest inthe form of buggy software. Luckily, men and women often strive tocorrect the mistakes they make. In software engineering, this processis called debugging.In simple sequential software, debugging is fairly easy. However, inthe realm of embedded real-time software, debugging is madesignificantly harder by factors such as dependency of an externalcontext, pseudoparallelism or true parallelism, and other real-timeproperties. These factors lead to problems with execution behaviorreproducibility. When a failure is discovered, we need to be able toreproduce this failure in order to examine what went wrong. If theerroneous behavior cannot be reproduced, we will not be able toexamine the process leading to the failure.Previous work has proposed the use of execution replay debugging inorder to solve this problem. Execution replay is a general term for aset of methods to record system behavior during execution and to usethese recordings in order to reproduce this behavior during debuggingsessions. This way, we may achieve a reproducable execution behaviorfor non-deterministic systems. Historically, many replay methods havebeen highly platform-dependent, craving specialized hardware,operating system or compilers.In this thesis, we describe a replay method, called DeterministicReplay, able to run on top of standard components. We also describethe Time Machine, which is the implementation of the DeterministicReplay method. Further, we give an in-depth description of the methodfor pinpointing interrupts used by the Time Machine. In addition, wepresent results from two case studies where the Deterministic Replaymethod was incorporated into two full-scale industrial real-timesystems. These results show that our method of debuggingmulti-tasking real-time systems not only is applicable in industrialapplications, but also that it can be introduced with little effortand small costs regarding application performance.
Critical Role of Somatosensation in Postural Control Following Spaceflight: Vestibularly Deficient Astronauts Are Not Able to Maintain Upright Stance During Compromised Somatosensation

The free-fall of orbital spaceflight effectively removes the gravitational vector used as a primary spatial orientation reference on Earth. Sustained absence of this reference drives adaptive changes in the internal perception-action models of the central nervous system (CNS), most notably in the processing of the vestibular otolith inputs. Upon landing, the return of the gravitational signal triggers a re-adaptation that restores terrestrial performance; however, during this period, the individual suffers from a functional vestibular deficiency. Here we provide evidence of a transient increase of the weighting of somatosensory inputs in postural control while the CNS resolves these vestibular deficiencies. Postural control performance was measured before and after spaceflight in 11 Shuttle astronauts and 11 matched controls and nine elderly who did not experience spaceflight. A quiet-stance paradigm was used that eliminated vision, modulated the lower extremity somatosensory cues by subtly modulating the orientation of the support surface beneath feet of subjects in all groups. Additionally, in astronauts and matched controls, we challenged the vestibular system with dynamic head tilts. Postural stability on the landing day (R+0) was substantially decreased for trials with absent visual and altered somatosensory cues, especially those also requiring dynamic head tilts ( ± 5° @ 0.33 Hz) during which 20/22 trials ended prematurely with a fall. In contrast, none of the astronauts fell during eyes-closed, dynamic head tilt trials with unaltered somatosensory cues, and only 3/22 trials resulted in falls with eyes-closed and altered somatosensory cues, but static upright head orientation. Furthermore, postural control performance of astronauts was either statistically not different or worse than that of healthy elderly subjects during the most challenging vestibular conditions on R+0. Overall, our results demonstrate a transient reweighting of sensory cues associated with microgravity-induced vestibular deficiencies, with a significant increase in reliance on somatosensory cues, which can provide an effective reference even without vision and with dynamic vestibular challenges. The translation of these results to aging population suggests that elderly individuals with visual and vestibular deficits may benefit from therapeutic interventions enhancing sensorimotor-integration to improve balance and reduce the risk of falling.
Compensated Integrated Gradients to Reliably Interpret EEG Classification

Integrated gradients are widely employed to evaluate the contribution of input features in classification models because it satisfies the axioms for attribution of prediction. This method, however, requires an appropriate baseline for reliable determination of the contributions. We propose a compensated integrated gradients method that does not require a baseline. In fact, the method compensates the attributions calculated by integrated gradients at an arbitrary baseline using Shapley sampling. We prove that the method retrieves reliable attributions if the processes of input features in a classifier are mutually independent, and they are identical like shared weights in convolutional neural networks. Using three electroencephalogram datasets, we experimentally demonstrate that the attributions of the proposed method are more reliable than those of the original integrated gradients, and its computational complexity is much lower than that of Shapley sampling.
The tuberization signal StSP6A represses flower bud development in potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) can reproduce sexually through flowering and asexually through tuberization. While tuberization has been thoroughly studied, little research has been done on potato flowering. Flower bud development in the strictly short-day tuberizing S. tuberosum group Andigena is impaired under short-day conditions. This impaired development may indicate that tuberization negatively influences flowering. Here, we determine how tuberization affects flower bud development. To find out whether the absence of tubers improves flowering, we prevented tuberization by: (i) grafting potato scions onto wild potato rootstocks, which were unable to form tubers; (ii) removing stolons, the underground structures on which tubers form; and (iii) using plants that were silenced in the tuberization signal StSP6A. Additionally, transgenic plants with increased StSP6A expression were used to determine if flower bud development was impaired. The absence of a tuber sink alone did not accelerate flower bud development, nor did it allow more plants to reach anthesis (open flowering stage) or have more open flowers. Interestingly, reducing StSP6A expression improved flower bud development, and increasing expression impaired it. Our results show that flower bud development in potato is repressed by the tuberization signal StSP6A, and not by competition with the underground tuber sink.
Molecular and mechanical factors contributing to ductus arteriosus patency and closure

Regulation of the ductus arteriosus, an essential fetal vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and aorta, is complex. Failure of this vessel to close after birth may result in a persistent left-to-right shunt through the patent ductus arteriosus, a condition associated with significant morbidities. Numerous factors contribute to the shift from fetal ductus patency to postnatal closure, requiring precise coordination of molecular cues with biomechanical forces and underlying genetic influences. Despite significant advances, questions remain regarding signaling dynamics and the natural time course of ductus closure, particularly in preterm neonates. This review highlights the contributions of early investigators and more recent clinician scientists to our understanding of the molecular and mechanical factors that mediate ductus patency and closure.
A Map of Knowledge

Knowledge representation has gained in relevance as data from the ubiquitous digitization of behaviors amass and academia and industry seek methods to understand and reason about the information they encode. Success in this pursuit has emerged with data from natural language, where skip-grams and other linear connectionist models of distributed representation have surfaced scrutable relational structures which have also served as artifacts of anthropological interest. Natural language is, however, only a fraction of the big data deluge. Here we show that latent semantic structure, comprised of elements from digital records of our interactions, can be informed by behavioral data and that domain knowledge can be extracted from this structure through visualization and a novel mapping of the literal descriptions of elements onto this behaviorally informed representation. We use the course enrollment behaviors of 124,000 students at a public university to learn vector representations of its courses. From these behaviorally informed representations, a notable 88% of course attribute information were recovered (e.g., department and division), as well as 40% of course relationships constructed from prior domain knowledge and evaluated by analogy (e.g., Math 1B is to Math H1B as Physics 7B is to Physics H7B). To aid in interpretation of the learned structure, we create a semantic interpolation, translating course vectors to a bag-of-words of their respective catalog descriptions. We find that the representations learned from enrollments resolved course vectors to a level of semantic fidelity exceeding that of their catalog descriptions, depicting a vector space of high conceptual rationality. We end with a discussion of the possible mechanisms by which this knowledge structure may be informed and its implications for data science.