Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dynamics in Northern Marginal Seas

The marginal seas have, despite their relatively small area, an important role in the global carbon cycle. They are largely influenced by carbon and nutrient fluxes from land and a large part of the biological production occurs in the marginal seas. The carbon dynamic in two shelf areas – The Baltic Sea System (the Baltic Sea, the Kattegat and the Skagerrak) and the Siberian Shelf Seas (the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea and the Chukchi Sea) has been studied in this thesis. Results from a study using historical data on Total Alkalinity (TA) from the Baltic Sea shows that there has been a change in the riverine TA concentrations. TA has increased in rivers draining areas where limestone dominates the bedrock while there has been a decrease in TA concentrations in granite dominated areas. We give two explanations to this change; acid precipitation and increased concentrations of CO2 from decay of organic matter. The Baltic Sea has high DIC concentration relative to its salinity (also due to river input) and as the surface water leaves the Baltic Sea also the DIC is exported and will in the end add to the North Sea carbon budget. We estimated the net carbon export from the Baltic Sea to 5.5 ± 0.3 Tg C year. Furthermore, the carbon dynamics in the Skagerrak during 2006 has been studied and we found it to be a sink of carbon with a sea-air flux of 1.3 · 10 mol m year. We also found Skagerrak to be a reasonable source of carbon to the North Sea by a continental shelf pump. In the Arctic and especially in the Laptev Sea, the large amounts of organic carbon transported by the major Russian rivers as well as from coastal erosion will decay in the shelf seas. This will result in a net efflux of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, in the eastern part of the East Siberian Sea and in the Chukchi Sea, the river discharge is much less and the biological activity is high. This will instead cause under-saturated surface waters in respect to CO2. The particulate organic carbon produced in the surface will sediment and starts to decay in the bottom water. As the water flows off the shelf and in to the Arctic Ocean this will result in surface waters under-saturated in pCO2 and subsurface waters over-saturated in pCO2. The marginal seas investigated in the thesis are located in the northern hemisphere and there are fundamental differences in temperature and population density along the coasts. Nevertheless, both areas are influenced by the properties and the carbon content in the entering river water and both areas appear to export carbon to the open ocean trough a continental shelf pump.
Sustainability and meat consumption: is reduction realistic?

Abstract Meat is critical with respect to sustainability because meat products are among the most energy-intensive and ecologically burdensome foods. Empirical studies of the meat-consumption frequency of Dutch consumers show that, apart from meat-avoiders and meat-eaters, many people are meat-reducers that eat no meat at least one day per week. Meat-consumption frequencies provide empirical evidence for different modes of “flexitarianism,” including light, medium, and heavy flexitarians. In particular, the existence of heavy flexitarians suggests that the customary position of meat and other animal-based dietary products in the food hierarchy is not inviolable. To improve our understanding of meat reduction, cluster analysis adds information about differences across flexitarians. Given the enormous environmental impact of animal-protein consumption and the apparent sympathy of consumers for meat reduction, it is surprising that politicians and policy makers demonstrate little, if any, interest in strategies to reduce meat consumption and to encourage more sustainable eating practices.
Reprogrammed Parthenogenetic ES Cells - New Choice for Regenerative Medicine

Regenerative medicine using pluripotent stem cells is indispensable for cell transplantation therapy for the patients; however, the production of human embryonic stem (hES) cells from fertilized embryos or cloned embryos often become the ethical concerns because it needs destruction of viable embryos. On the other hand, the production of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells do not need viable embryos; whereas, it is necessary to confirm safety for the use of iPS cells that containing viruses or expression plasmids. Here, we would like to propose parthenogenetic ES (PGES) cells as the 3rd pluripotent stem cells for cell transplantation therapy because the production of PGES cells from fertilization-failure or surplus oocytes overcome both problems (Fig. 1). PGES cells do not need destruction of viable embryos and viruses or expression plasmids for the establishment. Nevertheless, PGES cells have a big hurdle to overcome, namely genomic imprinting. Mammalian parthenotes cannot develop to term. Mouse parthenogenetic embryos die by day 10 of gestation (Surani et al., 1984; Surani et al., 1986). Most notably, they fail in the trophectoderm and primitive endoderm, which results in failure of the extraembryonic tissues in the whole parthenogenetic conceptus (Surani et al., 1983). Alternatively, viable parthenogenetic chimeras can be produced by normal host embryo rescue, and parthenogenetic cells can give rise to a functional germline (Stevens et al., 1977; Stevens, 1978). In the somatic-lineages of chimeras, parthenogenetic cells are allocated initially randomly in the embryo proper (Clarke et al., 1988a; Clarke et al., 1988b; Thomson & Solter, 1989), but this is followed by a progressive elimination of parthenogenetic cells, most notably between days 13 and 15 of gestation (Fundele et al., 1990). In addition, PG chimeras often show the reduction of body weight. These can be explained by parent-specific epigenetic modification of the genome, genomic imprinting which leads to the altered expressions of imprinted genes in parthenogenetic cells. In general, gene expressions of imprinted genes are greatly dependent on the cytosine-guanine (CpG) methylation status in differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imprinted genes (Fig. 2). In PG with the two maternal genomes, paternally expressed genes, Peg1/Mest (Kaneko-Ishino et al., 1995), Peg3 (Kuroiwa et al., 1996), Snrpn (Barr et al., 1995) and Igf2 (DeChiara et al., 1991), are silenced; whereas, maternally expressed genes, Igf2r (Barlow et al., 1991), p57kip2 (Hatada & Mukai, 1995) and H19 (Bartolomei et al., 1991; Ferguson-Smith et al., 1991), are expressed excessively (Fig. 3). Thus, biallelic expression and repression of imprinted genes in parthenogenetic cells could restrict to produce transplantable tissues for regenerative
Effect of Different Concentrations of Nickel on Some Secondary Metabolites in Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.)

Nickel is a heavy metal that is toxic for humans, animals and plants. However, some plants are known as accumulator plants. In some plants, nickel has been introduced as beneficial element for growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of nickel on some metabolites of Coriandrum Sativum L . The experiment was done under controlled conditions. Plant samples were kept in a growth chamber under standard conditions and treated with various concentrations of nickel for 12 weeks. Based on these results, leaf protein and sugar content decreased while the content of flavonoids, phenolic and flavonol increased. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2. 12059 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 28-32
Nutrient Metabolism Catechin Is Metabolized by Both the Small Intestine and Liver of Rats

Flavan-3-ols are the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet, but little is known about their absorption and metabolism. In this study, the absorption and metabolism of the monomeric flavan-3-ol, catechin, was investigated after the in situ perfusion of the jejunum 1 ileum in rats. Five concentrations of catechin were studied, ranging from 1 to 100 mmol/L. The absorption of catechin was directly proportional to the concentration, and 35 6 2% of the perfused catechin was absorbed during the 30-min period. Effluent samples contained only native catechin, indicating that intestinal excretion of metabolites is not a mechanism of catechin elimination. Catechin was absorbed into intestinal cells and metabolized extensively because no native catechin could be detected in plasma from the mesenteric vein. Mesenteric plasma contained glucuronide conjugates of catechin and 39-O-methyl catechin (39OMC), indicating the intestinal origin of these conjugates. Additional methylation and sulfation occurred in the liver, and glucuronide 1 sulfate conjugates of 39OMC were excreted extensively in bile. Circulating forms were mainly glucuronide conjugates of catechin and 39OMC. The data further demonstrate the role of the rat small intestine in the glucuronidation and methylation of flavonoids as well as the role of the liver in sulfation, methylation and biliary excretion. J. Nutr. 131: 1753–1757, 2001.
Microbiological load of yoghurt sold in Omoku schools, Rivers State, Nigeria

Sachets of various brands of yoghurt were randomly purchased from different retail outlets within Omoku schools and its pH and microbiological quality were determined using standard method. Total bacterial count (TBC) and Coliform count were done using standard plate count method after making serial dilutions of yoghurt samples. Nutrient agar (NA) was used for enumeration of TBC. NA plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Coliform count was carried out using MacConkey agar (MCA) incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Total fungi were determined by using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and the plates were incubated at room temperature for 5-7 days. The pH of yoghurt samples ranged from 2.38±0.81 to 3.2±0.08, TBC ranged from 3.1 x 105 to 5.1x 105 cfu/mL. Total fungi count ranged from 3.2 x 103 to 4.9 x 103 cfu/mL. Total coliform count ranged from 0 to 1.0 cfu/mL. There was no significant difference in TBC and total coliform counts (p>0.05), but there was significant differences in total fungi counts (p<0.05). Results indicate that yoghurt sold in Omoku schools is of poor microbiological quality and thus their production and sale should be closely monitored in order to protect students and pupils and the general public from food-borne infection. Key words: Contaminated, total bacteria count, total coliform, total fungi, bacteria, pathogens, yoghurt.
Diagnostic Value of Elastosonographic Evaluation of Cervix in Idiopathic Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage in the First Trimester

Ad­dress­for­Cor­res­pon­den­ce/Ya­z›fl­ma­Ad­re­si­Doğa Fatma Öcal Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 533 659 98 89 E-mail: eadoga@yahoo.com Received/Gelifl­Tarihi:­28 March 2016 Ac­cep­ted/Ka­bul­Ta­ ri­hi:­16 May 2016 İlk Trimester Tekrarlayan Spontan Gebelik Kayıplarında Servikal Elastosonografinin Tanısal Değeri
Entomological Impact and Current Perceptions of Novaluron and Temephos against the Aedes Aegypti (Skuse) Vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Arboviruses in a Coastal Town in Ecuador

Objective Two larvicides, temephos (Abate®) and novaluron (Mosquiron®) were compared in a field trial in Colonche, Ecuador against Aedes aegypti (Skuse). Community perceptions of dengue fever along with acceptance of new methods were evaluated. Methods: Homes were inspected for water storage containers and the evaluation of two larvicides was conducted post-application to 189L drums citywide. The city was split in half using the main street to assign treatment areas: the northern part of the city received temephos in 43 drums, while the southern side of the city received novaluron applications in 66 drums. Aedes population density was assessed by eggs counts. Eggs were collected from oviposition traps every 7days for 56 days. A survey was administered to the community to determine dengue related knowledge and risk perception. Results Eggs were reduced from an average of 37 and 15 to 0 at day 7 post-treatment for the temephos and novaluron sites, respectively. Significant reductions were found only at days 7 and 14 for both treatment sites. Most of the respondents thought that protection against mosquito bites was important, however only 50% of them knew about either the locations of larval habitats or source reduction practices. About 16% reported they did not want to use a different larvicide than temephos. Yet, some participants reported concerns about temephos applications. Conclusion Results showed that fewer eggs were collected at pre and post-treatment but were apparently lower in the novaluron site. Both interventions were effective up to 15 days post-application. Short effect could be explained by the lack of knowledge in the community about dengue prevention practices. Interventions need to be tailored to the local ecology and social conditions so they can be effective, thus such should follow the principles of integrated vector management.
Effect of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of Salvia species

Medicinal plants play a key role in the human health and have a huge share in the global economy. Cultivation of Salvia species is increasing mainly due to high commercial worth of this plant in food, medicine, perfumery, and cosmetic industries. The aims of this research were: (1) to determine drought tolerant Salvia spp. and (2) examining drought stress effects on germination and seedling growth, separately. Seeds of 36 Salviaaccessions (15 species) collected from different regions of Iran were primarily treated by soaking and gibberellic acid was used to break the seed dormancy. Afterwards, germination rate, percentage and early seedling growth were measured in two separate tests with four osmotic potentials: 0 (control), -0.3, -0.6, and -0.9 MPa using polyethylene glycol (PEG, 6000). The principal-component analysis (PCA) summarized all traits into two components ("germination" and "seedling growth") in all osmotic treatments. There was significant correlation between germination traits and among seedling growth traits in -0.3 and -0.6 MPa, but correlation between the traits of two components was not significant. Tolerance of genotypes to drought stress in germination and seedling stage showed a high diversity. Tolerant accessions for both components are suitable for cultivation in controlled conditions, but tolerant accessions only for "seedling growth" component, probably would be appropriate for distribution in their habitats for conservation purposes. However, the accessions which simply germinate at water stress conditions, but are susceptible at seedling stage, will die and lose their seed bank in the soil. Key words: Germination, medicinal plant, osmotic stress, polyethylene glycol (PEG), Salvia, seedling growth.
The Effect of Parental Involvement in Preventing a Children's Behaviour Disorders

The supposition of this study is that involvement of parents in school events, which covers manifold positions of communication between parents and schools and a corporation in decision making, is advantageous for the educational and general progress of students. This article focused to explore the effect of parental involvement in preventing children’s behaviour disorders. The study is conceptual review, content analysis of the qualitative approach were used to accumulate information about the subject matter. The findings revealed that parental involvement help to prevent a children’s behaviour disorders. However, it also indicates that parent’s involvement do not only benefit the children’s educational performance but also influence in many aspects of their life including the way they behave. For that, government as well as private agencies have to work immensely to ensure the successful involvement of parents. Parents also have to understand that they are primarily needed to provide good citizens who are morally sound. Keywords: effect, parents, involvement, preventing, children, behaviour disorders.
REVEGETATION OF FLY ASH ‒ A REVIEW WITH EMPHASIS ON GRASS-LEGUME PLANTATION AND BIOACCUMULATION OF METALS

Uninterrupted generation of fly ash by the coal based thermal power plants and its dumping has lead to steady encroachment of useful land in India. The deleterious effects of fly ash on the nearby environment are inevitable due to its fine texture and presence of toxic metals. Thus, proper revegetation programme of the sites are highly desirable due to their continuance in being the part of landscape. This paper conglomerates all the issues which should be taken into account to prevent groundwater contamination and increase phytostabilization of metals. An insight to the past and the prevailing restoration scenario will help in selecting of plant species for biomass production. Primarily, an integrated approach towards revegetation is necessary which comprises native and exotic grass-legume species, readily available composts, green manure, and mulches. The paucity of studies in relation to the long term changes in fly ash due to vegetation is to be permeated through regular analysis of substrate nutrient status, extent of nutrient loss, bioavailable toxic metals, in restoration sites. The range of methodologies and indexes discussed here will benefit the future management approaches of fly ash with emphasis on phytoremediation of trace metals, development of aesthetically pleasant landscape and productivity.
Inflection and Word Identity

This article argues that inflection should be seen as a (partial) criterion that defines homonymy: when two word meanings have different inflected forms, they have to belong to different lexical entries. If this were not the case, it could not be maintained that inflection is a property of lexical entries, but we have to rather say that each word sense has its own inflectional paradigm, even though in most cases all senses of a word inflect in the same way. Although there are apparent cases where it looks like inflection might be in fact dependent on word meaning, none of these cases really goes against the hypothesis that inflection is a property of lexical entries, and not of word senses.
Evaluation of data mining features, features taxonomies and their applications

The World Wide Web has brought an enormous improvement in the lives of people, during the last couple of decades. E-commerce is a new area arisen during this evolutionary period and has changed the traditional trading approaches for selling products and services. It uses different techniques to discover a market trend and analyze the competitor’s activities by exploiting reviews’ information. On the other hand, potential customers, also, use the online opinion to make their purchase decision. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis are the most critical and fundamental domains of data mining which can be useful for variety its sub-domains such as opinion summarization, recommendation system and opinion spam detection. Opinion mining and all its sub-branches can be performed efficiently when there is a comprehensive understanding of the most effective features applied in those domains. To achieve the best results, we need to use the most proper set of features for different case studies in order to classification or clustering. To the best of our knowledge, there is no extensive study and taxonomy of variety range of features and their applications in opinion mining. In this paper, we do comprehensive investigation on various types of features exploited in variety sub-branches of opinion mining domain. We present the most frequent features’ sets including structural, linguistic and relation-based features as a complete reference for further opinion mining research. The results proved that using multiple types of features improve the accuracy of opinion mining applications.
Immunohistochemical Detection of BMP-2 and BMP-4 in the Developing Neural Tube and Spinal Cord of Human Embryos

El papel de las proteinas morfogeneticas oseas (BMP-s) ha sido ampliamente estudiado en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso en embriones de aves y roedores. Los embriones humanos rara vez han estado disponibles para la deteccion de la expresion de BMP. En este estudio se investigaron 39 embriones humanos de los estadios Carnegie (CS) 10-20. Los embriones fueron fijados en paraformaldehido, embebidos en parafina y seccionados en serie en direccion transversal. Se determino por inmunohistoquimica BMP-2 la expresion de la proteina BMP-4 en el tubo neural y en la medula espinal caudal en desarrollo. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la BMP-s tienden a ser mas expresadas en el tubo neural en etapas tempranas, en particular, se encontro tincion BMP-4 mas alta en comparacion con CS10 CS20. Un analisis mas detallado se realizo en embriones de CS14-18. En la parte dorsal se observo mayor expresion de BMP-2 y de BMP-4 que en la parte ventral de la medula espinal. No se observaron diferencias en la intensidad de la tincion de BMP-s en los ganglios espinales. Curiosamente, en las celulas de la cresta neural BMP-2 la tincion fue mas fuerte en CS16 y CS18 en comparacion con CS14, mientras que no se encontraron diferencias en la tincion de BMP-4. Por otro lado, en el ectodermo no neural se encontro tincion BMP-4 mas fuerte en CS16 que en CS14, mientras que no se observaron diferencias para BMP-2. En conclusion, la expresion de BMP-s en el tubo neural en desarrollo y la medula espinal de embriones humanos esta generalmente de acuerdo con los hallazgos realizados en roedores y aves.
Mending Broken Hearts: Effects of Expressive Writing on Mood, Cognitive Processing, Social Adjustment and Health Following a Relationship Breakup

Seventy-two male and 73 female undergraduates were randomly assigned to an experimental group, in which they wrote expressively about a relationship breakup, or to a control group, in which they wrote in a non-emotional manner about impersonal relationship topics. Control participants reported short-term increases in upper respiratory illness (URI) symptoms, tension and fatigue, whereas experimental participants did not. Further, higher levels of intrusive thoughts and avoidance were associated with short-term increases in URI symptoms in the control group, but were unrelated to URI symptoms in the experimental group. Finally, there was a trend ( p <0.06) suggesting that experimental participants were more likely to reunite with their ex-partner than were control participants. These findings indicate that expressive writing has a wide range of social, emotional, and physical health benefits for individuals coping with stressful events, particularly if they are experiencing ongoing intrusive thoughts and avoidance responses related to the stressor.
mLearning Journeys: Redesigning Teaching for mLearning

Abstract: The excitement surrounding the potential of web2.0 tools within education has continued to grow. While almost everyone has now heard of PODCasting and YouTube, there are many more examples of social networking and content sharing tools that can be harnessed for education. Recently Twitter (microblogging) has been popularised by the media, with a reported explosive growth rate (uptake by new users) of 1500% during early 2009. While this illustrates that there is undoubtedly phenomenal interest in web2.0, there are still few concrete examples illustrating how to integrate these tools using an explicitly social constructivist pedagogical model within contemporary tertiary education environments. This paper describes the purposeful integration of web2.0 and mobile web2.0 tools within a first year Bachelor of Product Design programme, based upon an under-pinning social constructivist pedagogy. Examples of the use of several web2.0 tools that support the development of collaborative student-centred learning environments are given. Initial feedback from lecturers and students are also reported.