Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhalational versus intravenous maintenance of anesthesia for quality of recovery in patients undergoing corrective lower limb osteotomy: A randomized controlled trial

Background Inhalational anesthesia and propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) are the two most popular methods of general anesthesia with distinct characteristics that may affect quality of recovery (QOR) differently. This study compared QOR after corrective lower limb osteotomy between desflurane-based inhalational anesthesia and propofol-based TIVA. Methods Sixty-eight patients, ASA class I or II who underwent corrective lower limb osteotomy were randomized to receive either desflurane anesthesia or propofol TIVA. The primary outcome was quality of recovery 40 (QoR-40) questionnaire scores on postoperative day (POD) 1 and 2. Postoperative nausea scores, antiemetic requirements, and amount of opioid consumption via intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results Global QoR-40 scores on POD 1 (153.5 (140.3, 171.3) vs. 140.0 (120.0, 173.0), P = 0.056, 95% CI; -22.5, 0.2) and POD 2 (155.5 (146.8, 175.5) vs. 152.0 (134.0, 179.0), P = 0.209, 95% CI; -17.5, 3.9) were comparable between the two groups. Among the five dimensions of QoR-40, physical independence scores were significantly higher in the TIVA group compared to the Desflurane group on POD both 1 and 2. Nausea scores (0.0 (0.0, 0.0) vs. 1.0 (0.0, 3.5), P < 0.001) and number of patients requiring rescue antiemetics (0% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.017) were significantly lower in the TIVA group at the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). Although the number of bolus attempts between 0–24 h and the morphine equivalent dose of analgesics administered via IV PCA between 12–24 h were significantly less in the TIVA group compared to the Desflurane group, there was no significant difference between groups for the overall 48 h postoperative period. Conclusions Propofol-based TIVA did not improve global QoR-40 scores compared with desflurane-based inhalational anesthesia. However, considering the better QoR-40 scores in the domain of physical independence and less nausea in the early postoperative period, propofol TIVA should be considered as a useful option in patients undergoing corrective lower limb osteotomy.
Ce2/3Cr1/3O2+y: A New Oxygen Storage Material Based on the Fluorite Structure

In an exploratory search for new oxygen storage materials (OSMs), we have identified a fluorite-type solid solution series, Ce1−xCrxO2+y (0 < x ≤ 1/3), of which the x = 1/3 member, Ce2/3Cr1/3O2.11 (oxide I), exhibits excellent reversible oxygen release/storage properties at relatively low temperatures (∼350 °C). Oxide I prepared by a hydrothermal route crystallizes in a metastable nanocrystalline (∼4 nm) fluorite type structure (a = 5.352 A) where the cerium and chromium are randomly distributed. Characterization of oxide I by electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry for the composition, crystal structure, oxidation states of metal atoms, and oxygen stoichiometry yields the formula CeIV2/3CrVI1/9CrIV2/9O2.10 ± 0.02 for oxide I. Investigation of oxygen release/intake by temperature programmed hydrogen reduction and thermogravimetric studies has revealed that oxide I possesses a high oxygen storage capacity of 0.175 moles of O2/mole up to 550 °C; .
The porcine corneal surface bacterial microbiome: A distinctive niche within the ocular surface

Purpose The ocular surface microbiome has been described as paucibacterial. Until now, studies investigating the bacterial community associated with the ocular surface through high-throughput sequencing have focused on the conjunctiva. Conjunctival samples are thought to reflect and be representative of the microbiome residing on the ocular surface, including the cornea. Here, we hypothesized that the bacterial community associated with the corneal surface was different from those of the inferonasal and superotemporal conjunctival fornices, and from the tear film. Methods Both eyes from 15 healthy piglets were sampled using swabs (inferonasal fornix, superotemporal fornix, and corneal surface, n = 30 each) and Schirmer tear test strips (STT, n = 30). Negative sampling controls (swabs and STT, n = 2 each) and extraction controls (n = 4) were included. Total DNA was extracted and high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene was performed. Bioinformatic analyses included multiple contamination-controlling steps. Results Corneal surface samples had a significantly lower number of taxa detected (P<0.01) and were compositionally different from all other sample types (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, P<0.04). It also harbored higher levels of Proteobacteria (P<0.05), specifically Brevundimonas spp. (4.1-fold) and Paracoccus spp. (3.4-fold) than other sample types. Negative control STT strip samples yielded the highest amount of 16S rRNA gene copies across all sample types (P<0.05). Conclusions Our data suggests that the corneal surface provides a distinct environmental niche within the ocular surface, leading to a bacterial community compositionally different from all other sample types.
Life chances after surgery of congenital heart disease: A case-control-study of inter- and intragenerational social mobility over 15 years

Background Patients of congenital heart disease surgery have good prospects for reaching old age. Against the backdrop of increasing life expectancies, the question of how well such patients are mastering daily routines and their working life emerges. In our study, the educational and occupational performance of patients over 15 years was examined. Methods Intergenerational social mobility (changes in social positions from the parental generation to the generation of children) was examined in terms of education, and intragenerational social mobility (changes in positions within the same generation, i.e., in individuals over their life courses) was examined in terms of occupational positions. Comparisons were made between patients and a control group drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Controls were drawn from respondents who participated in the 2004 and 2018 SOEP surveys. Results The data were from 244 out of 360 patients (68%) with complete social data from the first survey (2003–2004) and who were included in the follow-up (2017–2019), and 238 controls were drawn from the SOEP. At the time of the second survey, subjects’ ages ranged from 28 to 59 years of age (M = 40.1 years). Intergenerational educational mobility did not differ between cases and controls. For intragenerational social mobility, downward changes were more frequent among controls. This latter finding may be explained by patients retiring earlier than the general population. Retirement rates increased over time, particularly among patients with severe congenital malformations. Unemployment rates were also higher among patients. Conclusions Taken together, although a considerable proportion of patients with congenital heart disease retired prematurely or never entered the labour force, their educational and occupational careers proceeded more favourably than expected.
Concussions, cuts and cracked bones: A systematic literature review on protective headgear and head injury prevention in Olympic boxing

ABSTRACT In 2013, the International Boxing Association (AIBA) prohibited the use of headguards for elite male Olympic boxing competitions. Could the removal of the headguard from elite male boxing competitions potentially cause increased injury risk for boxers? The aim of the literature review is to analyse current knowledge about the use of protective headgear and injury prevention in boxing, in order to determine if there are increased injury risks associated with headguard use. Peer-reviewed studies (language: English, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Dutch) published from 1980 and onwards were considered. Five academic databases and grey literature sources were searched, and articles were assessed for methodological quality. Only studies that included boxers as the study population with headguards as a factor were considered. A total of 39 articles were included in the review. The analysis of the reviewed literature indicates that headguards protect well against lacerations and skull fractures, while less is known about the protective effects against concussion and other traumatic brain injuries. Most of the analysed studies however use indirect evidence, obtained through self-report or observational techniques with relatively small non-representative samples. There are almost no randomised control trials, longitudinal research designs or samples from recreational boxing. Therefore, AIBA’s decision to remove the headguard has to be seen with caution and injury rates among (male) boxers should be continuously evaluated. Highlights Research does not sufficiently support the statement that boxing without protective headgear is safer than boxing with a headguard. Headguards protect well against facial cuts and skull fractures. The systematic review indicates that headguards provide some protection against linear impacts to the head. The headguards protective effects against concussion are however uncertain. A research agenda is proposed. Priority areas include a focus on longitudinal research designs, randomized control trials, samples from recreational competitive boxing, as well as further research into coaches' and athletes' experiences and perspectives on headguards and injuries.
Articulatory motor planning and timbral idiosyncrasies as underlying mechanisms of instrument-specific absolute pitch in expert musicians

The study of musical expertise illustrates how intense training in a specialized domain may instigate development of implicit skills. While absolute pitch, or the ability to identify musical pitches without external reference, is rare even in professional musicians and is understood to have a genetic component, anecdotal evidence and pilot data suggest that some musicians without traditional absolute pitch are nonetheless better able to name notes played on their musical instrument of expertise than notes played on less familiar instruments. We have previously termed this particular gain in absolute pitch identification ability “instrument-specific absolute pitch” (ISAP) and have proposed that this skill is related to learned instrument type-specific timbral and intonational idiosyncrasies and articulatory motor planning activated by the timbre of the instrument. In this Registered Report Protocol, we describe two experiments designed to investigate ISAP in professional oboists. Experiment 1 tests for ISAP ability by comparing oboists’ pitch identification accuracies for notes played on the oboe and on the piano. A subset of the participants from Experiment 1 who demonstrate this ability will be recruited for Experiment 2; the purpose of Experiment 2 is to test hypotheses concerning a mechanistic explanation for ISAP. The outcome of these experiments may provide support for the theory that some individuals have ISAP and that the underlying mechanisms of this ability may rely on the perception of subtle timbral/intonational idiosyncrasies and on articulatory motor planning developed through intensive long-term training. In general, this work will contribute to the understanding of specialized expertise, specifically of implicit abilities and biases that are not addressed directly in training, but that may yet develop through practice of a related skill set.
Ecosystem engineers drive differing microbial community composition in intertidal estuarine sediments

Intertidal systems are complex and dynamic environments with many interacting factors influencing biochemical characteristics and microbial communities. One key factor are the actions of resident fauna, many of which are regarded as ecosystem engineers because of their bioturbation, bioirrigation and sediment stabilising activities. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the evolutionary implications of the ecosystem engineering process by identifying, if any, aspects that act as selection pressures upon microbial communities. A mesocosm study was performed using the well characterised intertidal ecosystem engineers Corophium volutator, Hediste diversicolor, and microphytobenthos, in addition to manual turbation of sediments to compare effects of bioturbation, bioirrigation and stabilisation. A range of sediment functions and biogeochemical gradients were measured in conjunction with 16S rRNA sequencing and diatom taxonomy, with downstream bacterial metagenome function prediction, to identify selection pressures that incited change to microbial community composition and function. Bacterial communities were predominantly Proteobacteria, with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Alphaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia being partially displaced by Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi as dissolved oxygen concentration and redox potential decreased. Bacterial community composition was driven strongly by biogeochemistry; surface communities were affected by a combination of sediment functions and overlying water turbidity, and subsurface communities by biogeochemical gradients driven by sediment reworking. Diatom communities were dominated by Nitzschia laevis and Achnanthes sp. , and assemblage composition was influenced by overlying water turbidity (manual or biogenic) rather than direct infaunal influences such as grazing.
Role of lithium and co-existing cations in electrolyte to improve performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with an electrolyte including mixed cations was evaluated, and the relevant carrier dynamics were investigated by the heterodyne transient grating method. The performance of the DSSCs showed maximum conversion efficiency for an Li+ cation ratio of 75% with 25% other cations.
HUMAN iPSC ENGINEERED CARDIAC TISSUE PLATFORM FAITHFULLY MODELS IMPORTANT CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY.

Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) may provide an important bridge between animal models and intact human myocardium. Fulfilling this potential is hampered by their relative immaturity. hiPSC-CMs grown in monolayer culture lack a t-tubular system, have rudimentary intracellular calcium-handling systems, express predominantly embryonic sarcomeric protein isoforms, and preferentially use glucose as energy substrate. Culturing hiPSC-CM in a 3D environment and the addition of nutritional, pharmacologic and electromechanical stimuli have proven to be beneficial for maturation. We present an assessment of a model in which hiPSC-CMs and hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts are co-cultured in a 3D fibrin matrix to form human engineered cardiac tissue constructs (hECT). The hECT respond to physiological stimuli, including stretch, frequency and β-adrenergic stimulation, develop a t-tubular system, and demonstrate calcium-handling and contractile kinetics that compare favorably with ventricular human myocardium. Transcript levels of genes involved in calcium-handling and contraction are increased. These markers of maturation become more robust over a short period of time in culture (6 weeks vs. 2 weeks in hECT). A comparison of the hECT molecular and performance variables with those of human cardiac tissue and other available engineered tissue platforms is provided to highlight strengths and weaknesses of these preparations. Important and noteworthy aspects of this human cardiac model system are its reliance on 'off-the-shelf' equipment, ability to provide detailed physiological performance data, and the ability to achieve a relatively mature cardiac physiology without additional nutritional, pharmacological and electromechanical stimuli that may elicit unintended effects on function.
Thirty Years of HER3: From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Interventions

HER3 is a pseudokinase member of the EGFR family having a role in both tumor progression and drug resistance. Although HER3 was discovered more than 30 years ago, no therapeutic interventions have reached clinical approval to date. Because the evidence of the importance of HER3 is accumulating, increased amounts of preclinical and clinical trials with HER3-targeting agents are emerging. In this review article, we discuss the most recent HER3 biology in tumorigenic events and drug resistance and provide an overview of the current and emerging strategies to target HER3.
Survival in hospice patients with dementia: the effect of home hospice and nurse visits

Hospice patients with dementia are at increased risk for live discharge and long lengths of stay (>180 days), causing patient and family caregiver stress and burden. The location and timing of clinician visits are important factors influencing whether someone dies as expected, in hospice, or experiences a live discharge or long length of stay.
Improving Understanding of and Response to Infodemics During Public Health Emergencies

Effective communication during epidemics and outbreaks is a critical component of a public health response. Even more than usual, people need accurate information so that they can adapt their behavior and protect themselves, their families, and their communities against infection, onward transmission, and death. However, during an epidemic or pandemic, the communication environment can be complicated by an ‘‘infodemic,’’ which is the rapid, large-scale spread of health information and misinformation through a variety of media and informational channels. This overabundance of information— some accurate and some not—makes it difficult for people to differentiate between false and true information, and has been particularly challenging to address during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Addressing infodemics is a new and centrally important challenge to responding to acute health events. Given its global scale and rapid spread, the current COVID-19 infodemic is an important opportunity to find and adapt new preparedness and response tools to manage the information ecosystem in which we live. Just as the tactics for health education, social mobilization, and public communication that helped eradicate smallpox over 40 years ago have evolved, so have the tactics used by purveyors of false information. Disinformation has become increasingly sophisticated, hard to track, and emotive and can imperil public trust in health authorities and service delivery. Misinformation and distrust can be a particularly toxic mix that causes people to reject health interventions such as vaccines, as in the case of polio; disregard health guidance, as has been seen with Ebola; or try out unproven and dangerous therapies like ingesting methanol to prevent COVID-19. Disinformation and misinformation can even be used to foment social and political instability, effectively weaponizing false information.
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) based technologies for storage and shelf life extension

1-MCP is an inhibitor of ethylene perception that can markedly affect ripening and/or senescence processes of many horticultural products. In general, 1-MCP delays ripening and senescence and reduces ethylene production, respiration, colour change and softening. Information about these effects is increasing rapidly and is available on a regularly updated website (http://www.hort.cornell.edu/mcp/). 1-MCP is registered for use on a number of horticultural products in several countries, although commercial information remains limited except for apple fruit and ornamental products. The commercial potential for 1-MCP will be affected by many factors including the product response (especially in relation to quality as perceived by the consumer), how successfully 1-MCP use can be incorporated into handling, storage and transport systems, the scale of the industry involved, competition in the marketplace, and whether it provides access to markets that are otherwise unavailable using current technologies.
Neurophysine – molekulare und zelluläre Aspekte†

Neurophysine sind lineare, cysteinreiche Proteine aus 93–95 Aminosaureresten, die wie die Neurohypophysenhormone Oxytocin und Vasopressin im Hypothalamus entstehen und von dort zum Hypophysen-Hinterlappen gelangen. Meistens enthalt eine Spezies zwei (oder drei) Neurophysine, die sich nur geringfugig in Kettenlange und/oder Sequenz unterscheiden. Viele Beobachtungen sprechen dafur, das sowohl Oxytocin und eines der Neurophysine als auch Vasopressin und das andere Neurophysin einen gemeinsamen Vorlaufer haben, dessen lange Kette in Neurophysin und Hormon gespalten wird. An Ratten mit erblichem Diabetes insipidus lies sich zeigen, das ein einziges Gen die Biosynthese des Vasopressins und eines der Neurophysine kontrolliert.
The GRSS Standard for GNSS-Reflectometry

In February 2019 a Project Authorization Request was approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Association with the title “Standard for Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) Data and Metadata Content”. A Working Group has been assembled to draft this standard with the purpose of unifying and documenting GNSS-R measurements, calibration procedures, and product level definitions. The Working Group (http://www.grss-ieee.org/community/technical-committees/standards-or-earth-observations/) includes members, collaborators, and contributors from academia, international space agencies, and private industry. In a recent face-to-face meeting held during the ARSI+KEO 2019 Conference, the need was recognized to develop a standard with a wide range of operations, providing procedure guidelines independently of constraints imposed by current limitations on geophysical parameters retrieval algorithms. As such, this effort aims to establish the fundamentals of a potential virtual network of satellites providing inter-comparable data to the scientific community.
Extractability and adsorption of sulphate in soils

SUMMARY Virtually all of the indigenous sulphate (SO4) in a range of UK soils with moderately high pH values (> 6) was found to be present in the soil solution and, as a consequence, was highly susceptible to leaching. For acid soils containing adsorbed SO4, the extractability of SO4 in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions was dependent on both the ionic strength and cation species. Addition of small amounts (<∼ 10−2M) of either NaCl or CaCl2 actually decreased the amount of SO4 extracted, but SO4 extractability increased sharply with concentrations of NaCl or CaCl2 higher than about 0.1 M. At a similar ionic strength, more SO4 was extracted by NaCl than CaCl2. Sequential extraction with 1 M NaCl removed essentially all of the absorbed SO4. The release characteristics of SO4 were very different to those of phosphate and this difference in behaviour is not easily reconciled with the view that SO4 is chemisorbed, as is phosphate. Except for a few acid soils with high oxide contents, the capacity of the soils to adsorb added SO4 was quite small. None of the soils with pH values higher than 6 adsorbed a significant amount SO4. The results raise questions regarding the efficiency of SO4-containing fertilizers in correcting and preventing S deficiency in situations where leaching is important.