Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvement on Dyeing Performance of Different Bifunctional Reactive Dyes for Soybean Protein Fibers

This study assesses dyeing performance of reactive dyes with monofluorotriazine and modified cvinyl-sulfone bifunctional reactive groups in alkaline/acid denaturalization bath to the soybean fibers. It has been shown that 3~4 of the dyeing pH value, 60 minutes and 70°C of dyeing time and temperature were selected for denatured bath. The denaturalization bath can dramatically improve exhaustion and fixation and significantly decrease the chromaticity of the dyeing effluent. Besides, colorimetric properties, fastness and mechanical strength of the dyed fabrics were evaluated to indicate applicability of this dyeing process of soybean protein fibers.
Confirmation of the Anomalous Fluorescence of Azulene

The light emission properties of the azulene molecule and several alkyl‐substituted azulenes have been studied. In confirmation of recent results of Beer and Longuet‐Higgins, it is found that anomalous (S″→S) fluorescence occurs in azulene, with vmax at 26 802 cm—1 (rigid glass solution in EPA at 77°K). Red‐shifts for this fluorescence are found in several alkyl‐substituted azulenes, in qualitative agreement with substitution theory. The absence of normal (S′→S) fluorescence and the absence of any phosphorescence (T→S) emission to 11 000 A, the apparatus limit, are also confirmed. The emission observations are discussed, and alternative interpretations are given.
Adubação verde com crotalária consorciada ao minimilho antecedendo a couve-folha sob manejo orgânico

Este experimento foi realizado em Seropedica, RJ, com tres tratamentos de cultivos para adubacao verde, compostos por milho, consorcio de milho com crotalaria e crotalaria, em blocos ao acaso. Durante o crescimento, realizou-se a colheita de minimilho. Apos o corte das plantas, os tratamentos foram combinados com duas formas de preparo do solo: plantio direto e preparo convencional, em esquema de subparcelas, com posterior plantio de couve-folha. As avaliacoes constaram de producao de materias fresca e seca e acumulo de nutrientes da parte aerea dos adubos verdes; produtividade, peso de palha e numero de espigas; acumulo de nutrientes nas espigas; comprimento, diâmetro e peso de espigas de minimilho e numero de espigas por planta; produtividade, numero de folhas, area foliar, materia seca, produtividade por colheita, area especifica por colheita e acumulo de N na couve-folha, e balanco de N no sistema. O monocultivo de milho proporcionou produtividade e numero de espigas de minimilho comerciais maiores (respectivamente 797,2 kg ha-1 e 123.785 un ha-1), bem como maior acumulo de N, P, Ca e Mg nas espigas despalhadas e de N, K e Ca na palha das espigas. O consorcio proporcionou maior numero de espigas por planta (0,91). A maior producao de biomassa foi proporcionada pelo consorcio de crotalaria e milho (7,43 Mg ha-1). O acumulo de nitrogenio proporcionado pelo consorcio foi superior ao do monocultivo de milho e equivalente ao do monocultivo de crotalaria. Na couvefolha, houve diferenca apenas na emissao de folhas (1.967.083 un ha-1), com superioridade do plantio direto.
Chemistry for the design and better understanding of cement-based materials and composites

Macrodefect-free (MDF) materials are one example of “hot topics” in the field of cement-based materials and composites exerting new possibilities of the exploitation of added value. These are formed through cross-linking reactions of atoms at the interfaces of cement grains and functional polymers, when medium pressure and twin-rolling procedure are applied. The MDF-relevance of the system of Portland cement + polyphosphate is reported, together with optimal synthesis conditions and limiting rules. The chemistry knowledge about MDF materials has been shown critical for both procedure design and exploitation. Chemical shifts in both 27Al and 31P MAS NMR spectra confirm Al(6)—O—P(4) cross-linking in virgin probes and indicate secondary hydrolysis during moisture uptake in domains free of cross-links. Thermogravimetric identification of the contents of hydrated and cross-linked phases in virgin and in moisture-attacked MDF probes displays that moisture uptake is accompanied by an increase in content of cementitious hydrates and CaCO3. The key phenomena governing the moisture sensitivity/resistance are the density and compactness of interfacial Al(6)—O—P(4) cross-links vs. the access of the moist environment to the unreacted cement residue.
Determining the Composition Functions of Persian Non-standard Sentences in Terminology using a Deep Learning Fuzzy Neural Network Model

Organizations can enhance the speed of well-informed decision-making by correctly understanding and using data. Since there is a tremendous gap between the speed of data processing and data generation in the world, exploring data mining in the digital world becomes inevitable. In the Persian language, similar to other languages, with the expansion of communications through social networks, the spelling of words has become abridged and the engagement of foreign loan words and emoticons has been increasing on a daily basis. Given the richness of Persian and its typographical-grammatical similarities to Arabic, research in Persian can be applied to other akin languages as well. In this regard, the current study deals with data mining of Persian non-standard sentences in order to find the function of each word in the sentence. The volume of computation might be limited in traditional methods of natural language processing for each factor contributing to functions. That is because the minimum number of computations is (5 × number of words 9) + (5 × number of words 15). Therefore, this study adopted the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) method to process such computations. The newly proposed method reinforces the results of word function identification by using two categories of "independent" and "dependent" Persian language functions as well as five factors contributing to the functions of words in sentences as five output gates. Meanwhile, the values of the training tables in this method are fuzzy, where the center-of-gravity fuzzy method is adopted to decide on the fuzzy values as well as to reduce the complexity and ambiguity of such computations on the probability of each event occurring. Therefore, the new method is briefly called "fuzzy GRU". The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 80 % reduction in the amount of calculations per gate of updates and reinforcement is approximately 2 % up from 67 % in standard sentences to 69 % of the non-standard sentences.
Near‐band‐gap photoluminescence of Si1−xGex alloys grown on Si(100) by molecular beam epitaxy

Photoluminescence spectra in the near‐band‐gap region of Si1−xGex alloys (x=0.04 and 0.15) grown on Si(100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy have been measured at 4.2 and 12 K. Radiative recombinations of free and bound excitons in thin layers of Si1−xGex alloys have been clearly observed for the first time. No‐phonon transitions and transverse‐optical (TO) phonon‐assisted transitions have been identified.The luminescence lines become broader with an increase in excitation intensity; the broadening is interpreted to be due to the generation of the bound multiexciton complexes (BMECs). The position of the band‐edge luminescence lines is determined by the strain in the epitaxial layer as well as the alloy composition. The defect‐related L band appears in the case of x=0.15.
Electrolyte Cathode Atmospheric Glow Discharges for Direct Solution Analysis

Abstract The electrolyte cathode atmospheric glow discharge (ELCAD) invented in 1992 is a new optical emission source with upcoming application in the field of environmental protection as an outstanding instrument for monitoring the toxic heavy metal content of waters and wastewaters. The main operating parameters, mechanisms (secondary electron emission from the electrolyte cathode, self‐sustaining processes in the cathode dark space, dependence of the emitted line intensities on the discharge parameters, temperatures), and the analytical performance of this special discharge are presented through a critical review using the papers related to the ELCAD published from 1993 to 2006.
Biosynthesis of an unusual copolyester (10 mol % 3-hydroxybutyrate and 90 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate units) in Alcaligenes eutrophus from pentanoic acid

Bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) esters with a wide range of compositions (0–90 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate units) have been isolated from Alcaligenes eutrophus grown in nitrogen-free culture media containing pentanoic acid and glucose.
The quantal calculation of the photo-ionization cross-section of atomic potassium

The photo-ionization of atomic potassium is investigated using quantal methods. Emphasis is laid on the great sensitivity of the cross-section to the wave functions employed. The general features of the cross-section as revealed by the laboratory measurement can be understood. To explain the finite minimum observed in the cross-section-frequency curve it is necessary to take into account non-separability effects.
Managing Agricultural Phosphorus for Protection of Surface Waters: Issues and Options

The accelerated eutrophication of most freshwaters is limited by P inputs. Nonpoint sources of P in agricultural runoff now contribute a greater portion of freshwater inputs, due to easier identification and recent control of point sources. Although P management is an integral part of profitable agrisystems, continued inputs of fertilizer and manure P in excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil P levels, which are of environmental rather than agronomic concern, particularly in areas of intensive crop and livestock production. Thus, the main issues facing the establishment of economically and environmentally sound P management systems are the identification of soil P levels that are of environmental concern; targeting specific controls for different water quality objectives within watersheds; and balancing economic with environmental values. In developing effective options, we have brought together agricultural and limnological expertise to prioritize watershed management practices and remedial strategies to mitigate nonpoint-source impacts of agricultural P. Options include runoff and erosion control and P-source management, based on eutrophic rather than agronomic considerations. Current soil test P methods may screen soils on which the aquatic bioavailability of P should be estimated. Landowner options to more efficiently utilize manure P include basing application rates on soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff, manure analysis, and programs encouraging manure movement to a greater hectareage. Targeting source areas may be achieved by use of indices to rank soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff and lake sensitivity to P inputs.
Indexing of multi-particle diffraction data in a high-pressure single-crystal diffraction experiment

High-pressure single-crystal diffraction experiments often suffer from the crushing of single crystals due to the application of high pressure. Consequently, only diffraction data resulting from several particles in random orientations is available, which cannot be routinely indexed by commonly used methods designed for single-crystal data. A protocol is proposed to index such diffraction data. The techniques of powder pattern indexing are first used to propose the possible lattice parameters, and then a genetic algorithm is applied to determine the orientation of the reciprocal lattice for each of the particles. This protocol has been verified experimentally.
Retention of Pollutants by Mangrove Soil and the Effects of Pollutants on Kandelia Candel

Mangrove wetlands were effective in retaining heavy metals and nutrients from wastewater. Significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were found in the surface soil layer (0 - 5 cm) of a mangrove tide-tank system after receiving synthetic wastewater for 16 weeks. The pollutant concentrations in NW (normal wastewater) and 5NW (5 times of normal wastewater) treated surface soils did not change significantly after flushing with clean seawater for 38 weeks (the recovery period), suggesting the pollutants retained in mangrove systems were not leached out. On the other hand, a significant reduction of heavy metals (except Ni) and TKN in surface soils receiving the strong wastewater (25 NW, 25 times of normal wastewater) was observed at the end of the recovery period. During the first 6 weeks of the recovery period, heavy metals and nutrients were detected in the effluent discharged from 25NW tank indicating that some initial washout of pollutants in mangrove soils with more metals accumulation, although their concentrations declined rapidly. The growth of Kandelia candel, a dominant mangrove plant, was not inhibited by wastewater treatment and best growth was observed in tide tanks treated with 25NW. These results suggested that the tide-tank system was effective in retaining wastewater-borne pollutants and the problem of releasing the pollutants back to the flushing seawater was not obvious. Indeed, the retained nutrients and trace elements in mangrove soils provided an extra nutrient source and supported better plant growth.
The dependence of the effective anisotropy constant on particle concentration within ferrofluids, measured by magnetic resonance

From an initial ferrofluid with magnetite particles dispersed in kerosene and stabilized with oleic acid, having particle concentration n = 7.7×1016 cm-3 (determined from magnetic measurements), 11 samples were obtained by successive dilution with kerosene (with a dilution ratio 2:3). Using magnetic resonance measurements for each ferrofluid sample, we have studied the dependence on particle concentration of the effective anisotropy constant of magnetite colloidal particles. The obtained results show an increase of the effective anisotropy constant by increasing the particle concentration. This behaviour is assigned to interparticle magnetic interactions.
Deposition of amorphous silicon films by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition

Device-quality a-Si:H films have been deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). We have investigated the influence of deposition parameters on the film growth and properties. The most important deposition and growth processes that influence the optoelectronic material properties of a-Si:H deposited by HWCVD are clarified. During the deposition process attention must be paid to accurately control the substrate temperature, which is a key parameter to obtain device-quality films. A heat transport model is presented to be able to correct for the heating of the substrate by the filaments. It is found that films deposited at high deposition temperatures are under a high compressive stress. We show how the hydrogen incorporation in the layer is influenced by hydrogenation of subsurface layers by the atomic hydrogen flux that is inherent to the HWCVD process. We further identify the fundamental differences between plasma enhanced CVD and HWCVD material.
Low-Frequency Chain Dynamics of Poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) by Dielectric Spectroscopies

The study of poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) has been performed by both thermo-stimulated currents (TSC) and dynamic dielectric spectroscopy (DDS) in order to better define the nature of molecular mobility in the glass transition temperature range. TSC results reveal the existence of three dipolar relaxation modes: α, ascribed to the glass relaxation; β, assigned to a secondary relaxation mode; and α‘, associated with the dielectric manifestation of the liquid−liquid transition. DDS allowed us to follow the merging of the α and β modes as frequency increases from 10-2 to 106 Hz. Then the fractional polarizations protocol permitted us to define at low frequency (10-3−10-2 Hz) the fine structure of these complex relaxations: relaxation times isolated for the β and α modes are widely distributed and obey an Arrhenius law while those isolated for the α‘ mode are narrowly distributed and are better defined by a Vogel−Tamman−Fulcher law. Finally, the evolution of the activation enthalpy helps us to precise the nat.
ANTIOXIDANT AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Euphorbia hirta LEAVES CRUDE EXTRACT

Today, exposure to free radicals and gout cases have been a concern, showing several health effects from synthetic medications and clinical drugs for antioxidant effect and xanthine oxidase inhibition effect, respectively; all of which lead to the discovery of natural inhibitors from medicinal plants. In this study, a green solvent known as the deep eutectic solvent is synthesised to replace conventional solvents for the extraction of free radical inhibitors and xanthine oxidase inhibitors from a medicinal plant that has shown many health benefits and is widely used in traditional medicine, the Euphorbia hirta. The leaves extract from Euphorbia hirta showed the highest inhibition (87.95 ± 0.0061%) on free radical assays. The IC50 for free radical inhibition of the leaves extract is 10.56 ± 0.58 μg/mL. The IC50 value for xanthine oxidase inhibition of allopurinol was the lowest, which was at 6.94 ± 0.32 μg/mL; while the leaves extract of Euphorbia hirta exhibited value at 9.40 ± 0.13 μg/mL. The correlation value between the antioxidant effect and the xanthine oxidase inhibition of the leaves extract was 0.960, which indicated that there is a strong relationship between the two said parameters. From the Lineweaver-Burk plot and solver function analysis, the mode of enzyme inhibition was a non-competitive inhibition.
EVALUATION THE ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS AS PROMOTER ROOTING FOR STEM CUTTINGS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)

This study was conducted in the botanical garden, Department of biology, College of Science / Mustansiriyah University in spring season, where the starts from (15 February to 15 March, 2019). Under the natural environmental conditions in the greenhouse in order to evaluate the effectiveness of some plant extracts as a promoter for rooting the apical stem cutting of rosemary plants at different concentrations compared with the IBA growth regulator. Plant extracts are Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Dill (Anethum graveolens) and date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) were used with concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5 g / l). The IBA concentration was (100 mg / L) with dipping time 24 hour for all treatments. The following measurements were taken after 30 days from the beginning of the experiment: rooting percentage, (number and length of roots), (soft and dry) weight of roots, number of new (leaves and branches) and the longer leaves rate, for all treatments. Plant hormone concentrations, analyzed for the extract that gave the highest values for all traits. The results showed that there were significant differences between treatments and indicated that parsley extract in the concentration (2.5 g/L) exceeded on the other treatments. The results also showed that the apical cuttings surpassed the basal cuttings in all studied trait. The chemical analysis of parsley extract showed the presence of the hormones IAA, GA3 and cytokinin. It can be concluded from this study the possibility of using available plant extracts and inexpensive such as parsley in rooting instead of the growth regulators which are not available and expensive.
A simple and rapid method for determination of petroleum oils in sewage sludge samples with ultrasonic solvent extraction by infrared spectrophotometry under optimized analytical conditions

This study presents an analytical method for the determination of petroleum oils in sewage sludge samples using infrared spectrophotometry. The proposed method is based on the use of ultrasonic solvent extraction for sample preparation. Analytical conditions were studied and optimized through uniform experimental design of U9*(95). The optimized experimental conditions were obtained as follows: the extraction temperature was 50 °C, the extraction time was 45 min, the volume of extractant was 30 mL, and the ultrasonic power was at 250 W. The moisture content of the sewage sludge samples was below 10%. Similar extraction effects could be achieved through both ultrasonic solvent extraction and Soxhlet extraction methods. The detection limit was 0.9 mg kg−1 (k = 3, N = 8) with 91.6–102.0% recovery. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) for the measurements of the sewage sludge samples was in the range of 1.6% and 3.5%. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of simulation soil samples and successfully applied to the determination of petroleum oils in real samples of sewage sludge with satisfactory results.
The Separation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Through a Supported Ionic Liquid Membrane

Abstract Ionic liquids can be considered as environmentally friendly solvents because of their low vapor pressures. Room-temperature ionic liquids are used as a supported liquid membrane for separation of aromatic from aliphatic. Aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene are successfully transported through the polypropylene supported ionic liquid membrane based on 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium chloride. The separation performances, represented by the percentage extraction and separation factor, are analyzed systematically by varying the operating parameters: the contact time, membrane phase composition, and initial feed phase concentration. The mathematical models that have been used to simulate experimental data have been discussed. The scanning electron microscope combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of membranes after continuous operation shows that the membrane phases are still retained within the membrane pores and only small losses of the membrane phase initially located on the surface are observed.