Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory attention processing in 5-year-old children born preterm: evidence from event-related potentials

The assumption that children born preterm have difficulties in maintaining active attention was tested in passive and active tasks. Twenty 5-year-old children born preterm at 26 to 32 weeks gestational age were compared with 20 children born at term, matched for age and IQ, using an auditory paradigm. In the passive task participants had to watch a videotape of a cartoon and ignore auditory stimuli. In the active task they had to detect a rare tone (the ‘target’ tone; 10% of the tones presented) among frequent tones (the ‘standard’ tone; 90%). Accuracy and reaction time were analysed, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded at the scalp sites Fz, Cz, T3, T4, Pz, Oz, and two electrodes for the left mastoid (passive task); and Fz, F7, F8, Cz, T3, T4, Pz, and Oz (for the active task). Behavioural and electrophysiological data were analysed with repeated-measure ANOVAs. The results showed a significant group effect only on the active task. The preterm group scored fewer correct hits (correct detection of target tone) and were less efficient in their attentional strategy as assessed by ERP components.
Primary Study on Artificial Breeding of Gomphina venerformis

Since June, 2006 to January, 2007, the artificial reproducing, embryo develoment,larval rearing,settlement and juvenile growth of Gomphina venerformis were carried out. The main reproduction period is from the July to August.The zygote developing to D-larva needs 15 hours at salinity of 20～25,temperature of 24～29 ℃ ,pH 8.0. The embryo hatching rate and D-larva rate are highest at salinity of 20～25 and temperature of 24～29 ℃. The larval growth is remarkably affected by temperature and salinity.optimum temperature of pelagic larvae for growth was 24～29 ℃ and optimum salinity for pelagic larvae ranged from 20 to 25,The larvae almost could not survive at the treatments of 34 ℃. The larval survival rate is highest at the temperature of 19 ℃ ,whereas the larvae grew more slowly at 24 ℃. The larvae could have the highest survival rate at salinity of 15～25,but the larvae obtain the highest growth rate at the salinity of 20 ～25,the larvae almost could not survive at the salinity of 35. Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri are the suitable diet of pelagic larval.
Species- and Habitat-variability of Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Water Use Efficiency of Different Plant Species in Maowusu Sand Area

Photosynthesis ( P n ), transpiration ( E ) and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of more than 66 arid sand species from different environmental habitats, shifting sand dune, fixed sand dune, lowland and wetland in the Maowusu Sand Area were analyzed and the relation among these characteristics and the resource utilization efficiency, taxonomic categories and growth forms of the species were assessed. The results showed that species from Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae which possessed the C 4 photosynthesis pathway, or C 3 pathway and also with nitrogen_fixation capacities had higher or the highest P n values, i.e., 20～30 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 , while that of evergreen shrub of Pinaceae had the lowest P n values, i.e., 0～5 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 . Those species from Compositae, Scrophulariaceae, and Gramineae with C 3 pathway but no N_fixation capacity had the highest E rates, i.e., 20～30 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 and again the evergreen shrub together with some species from Salicaceae and Compositae had the lowest E rates, i.e., 0～5 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 . Species from Leguminosae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae with C 4 pathway or C 3 pathway with N_fixation capacity, both shrubs and grasses, generally had higher WUE . However, even the physiological traits of the same species were habitat_ and season_specific. The values of both P n and E in late summer were much higher than those in early summer, with average increases of 26%, 40% respectively in the four habitats. WUE in late summer was, however, 12% lower. Generally, when the environments became drier as a result of habitats changed, i.e., in the order of wetland, lowland, fixed sand dune and shifting sand dune, P n and E decreased but WUE increased.
Do Privacy and Security Matter to Everyone? Quantifying and Clustering User-Centric Considerations About Smart Home Device Adoption

While consumer adoption of smart home devices continues to grow, privacy concerns reportedly remain a roadblock to mass adoption. However, it is unclear exactly how the interplay between privacy and other factors affect consumers’ purchase decisions, and whether such considerations are held only by certain consumer groups but not others. In order to unpack the decision-making process of smart home device adoption, we conducted a mixed-method analysis using on-line survey data collected from 631 US participants. Our analysis uncovered motivators and blockers of purchase decisions, along with their relative importance. We found that consumers can be segmented based on their considerations into three clusters: affordability-oriented, privacy-oriented, and reliability-oriented. We present an in-depth quantiﬁcation of consumer considerations on smart home device adoption along with desired privacy and security features consumers wish to use to protect their privacy in the smart home.
Regressional inhibitive crosstalk models

Scientists have often observed unexpected communication between signalling pathways or molecules in the cell since 1960s. As this activity can hardly be well explained using biology theory, it has been termed as crosstalk, unwanted conversation. Recently, crosstalk has been found as a critical component of biological system robustness. More and more biologists have been working towards the understanding of the underlying mechanism of crosstalk for various signalling pathways or networks. Many qualitative models have been developed for indirect analysis of crosstalk. However, few quantitative models have been developed for such investigations. This study has employed regression approaches for modeling crosstalk between different signalling components and the end signalling components of the MAPK kinases ERK, MEK and JNK based on the published experimental data. The simulation shows that the models can well explain the crosstalk consistent with biology
Replication: On the Ecological Validity of Online Security Developer Studies: Exploring Deception in a Password-Storage Study with Freelancers

Recruiting professional developers for studies can be chal-lenging and one major concern for studies examining security development issues is their ecological validity—does the study adequately reﬂect the real world? Naiakshina et al. [28] examined the ecological validity of a password storage study conducted with students [29,30] by hiring freelancers from Freelancer.com. In the hope of increasing the ecologically validity, Naiakshina et al. used a deception study design wherein freelance developers were hired for a regular job using a company front created for the study, instead of openly telling the freelancers that they were taking part in a study. Based on their results, Naiakshina et al. propose the use of online freelancers to be examined further, to supplement other recruitment channels such as CS students and GitHub users. The deception in their study was used with the aim that results would reﬂect the real work of online freelancers. However, deception needs to be used with careful consideration, which can entail additional study design work and negotiations with ethical oversight bodies. In this paper, we take a closer look at the deception used in Naiakshina et al.’s study. Therefore, we replicate Naiakshina et al.’s work but announce and run it as a study on Freelancer.com. Our ﬁndings suggest that for this password storage study deception did not have a large effect and the open recruitment without deception was a viable recruitment method.
Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B, High Blood Pressure, and Diabetes Mellitus in the General Population of South Kivu—Results of World AIDS Day 2016

Background: It has been well-established that a program to fight HIV can accomplish the same results with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Such a strategy has not yet been the subject of a trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of HIV concurrent and respectively other chronic infectious and NCDs in the general population of South Kivu. Methods: Between 1 December 2016 and 15 January 2017, HIV, hepatitis B, high blood pressure (HBP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were tested in the general adult population ≥ 15 years, respectively, in the towns of Bukavu and Uvira, and the rural areas Nyangezi and Walungu, on World AIDS Day 2016. Previous screening of these diseases has been sought, but the association between them was modeled in a multiple logistic regression. Results: Among the three thousand eight hundred and sixty-three (3863) adult subjects > 15 years (52.1% of men) tested voluntarily, the previous screening and prevalence were 33.8% and 1.2% respectively for HIV, 1.3% and 8.3% for hepatitis B, 18.2% and 25.1% for HBP and 9.5% and 4.8% for DM. The acceptance rate for current screening was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for HIV (97.5%) than for HBP (84.6%) as well as DM (64.6%). Finally, age ≥ 60 years (adjusted OR = 1.74; p = 0.01), HBP (adjusted OR = 1.82; p = 0.004) and above all HIV (adjusted OR = 3.94; p = 0.008) showed an independent effect on the likelihood of DM. Conclusion: This study did more HIV testing than screens for other diseases. Finally, these problems can be managed (at a reasonable cost) with a view similar to the objectives of the World Health Organization (WHO).
A Logic User-Based Algorithm to Improve Node Distribution in Wireless Sensor Network

—Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a largely discussed research topic. Different solutions have been proposed to solve the localization problem over the time, exploiting techniques such as angle-based, range-based, and range-free. In our previous work, we proposed a logic range free algorithm able to uniformly distribute hubs around a given environment: this distribution is aimed to give the best coverage possible of the areas of interest. In this procedure, the presence of obstacles is taken into account, since it can impact the signal power: for this reason, an attenuation factor has been introduced to understand in which measure the obstacles modify the result. The algorithm is based on Prolog backtracking technique, which reflects the procedure of organizing the relative positions of nodes at each step, in order to optimize their distribution over the environment. The main goal of this work is to improve this approach, by considering not only the need to ensure a certain signal in each zone, but also to focus on the areas where a big usage from the clients is detected, in order to prevent the network saturation, without losing the coverage property. To this purpose, a displacement factor is introduced to vary the previous result in favor of a user-based distribution. The value of this factor has to reflect the optimum trade-off between coverage and user’s usage need.
Historical Analysis of Exploit Availability Timelines

Vulnerability management is an important cybersecurity function. Within vulnerability management, there are multiple points where knowing whether an exploit targeting a given vulnerability is publicly available would inform vulnerability mitigation priority. Despite the value of this question, there is no available historical baseline of when and how many vulnerabilities get associated public exploits. We analyze all vulnerabilities with CVE-IDs since two common repositories of public exploit data became available and ﬁnd that 4 . 1% ± 0 . 1% of CVE-IDs have public exploit code associated with them within 365 days. We analyze eight features of a CVE-ID for how they inﬂuence exploit publication. Some categories of vulnerability (CWE) are much more likely to have exploit code published than others. Vendor is a sporadic predictor of exploit publication likelihood. More vendors involved in a CVE-ID does not appear to affect exploit publication. CVSS score, commonness of the CWE, and how recently the CVE-ID was published all slightly increase the exploit publication likelihood; the conﬁdence intervals for the size of these three effects overlap. Of 75,807 vulnerabilities studied, 3,164 had public exploits over the whole six year study; for those with exploits, the median time to publication is two days, though the mean time is 91 days.
Towards multi-way join aware optimizer in SAP HANA

Existing binary join based plans may be suboptimal for important, emerging applications. Typical query optimizers enumerate plans using binary joins only. In this paper, we introduce the multi-way join aware optimizer in SAP HANA. The naive way to extend the existing query optimizer to be aware of multi-way joins (m-way joins for short) is to enumerate m-way joins on top of a traditional binary join enumeration framework. However, many different binary joins correspond to the same m-way join. Thus, unnecessary join enumerations would be required for such naive integration. To solve this problem, we introduce the new concept of an m-way join unit and explain how the construction of join units is plugged into the SAP HANA query optimizer. We also provide a series of optimizer enhancements by exploiting m-way join unit characteristics. Using TPC-H and our customer workloads, we showcase the superiority of our m-way join aware optimizer.
Post-Stroke Depression

Introduction: The depression is a common mental disorder, especially after a stroke, which further aggravates the recovery. Aim: To analyze depression within 48 hours and fifteen days after ischemic stroke in relation to gender and location (brain hemisphere and brain circulation). Methods: We analyzed 40 patients (65.3±10.3 years), half of them were women. Mean age of women was 66.35±7.31 years and men 64.2±12.68 years (p= 0.5). Ischemic stroke was verified by computed tomography. Levels of depression were measured with self-estimated Zung’s scale. On the tests, score of 50 and higher verified depression. Criteria made by Domasio were used to determine location of the IS. Results: Mean value on depression scale in acute phase of ischemic stroke was 46.85 ± 8.6 and in subacute phase 43.4 ± 8 (p =0.06). In 19 (47.5%) patients (55% of women, 40% of men; p=0.3) depression was found during the first and in 10 (25%) patients (35% of women, 15 % of men; p=0.06) during the second evaluation (p<0.019). Mean value on depression in acute phase of illness in women was 49.1 ± 7.38, as well as in men 44.6 ± 9.22 (p=0.088) and in subacute phase in women 45.25 ± 8.04, as well as in men 41.5 ± 7.75 (p=0.16). Concerning location of ischemic stroke, there were no significant differences in levels of depression. Conclusion: Number of patients with post-stroke depression is significantly lower in subacute phase of ischemic stroke. Although the number of depressive women and their depression scores are higher, gender differences are not statistically significant. There is no correlation between post-stroke depression and location of lesion in acute and subacute phase of illness.
Gauged current vector potential and reentrant corners in the FEM analysis of 3D eddy currents

The nodal finite element realization of the T-/spl Omega/ method involving a gauged current vector potential, T, is shown to yield erroneous results if applied to 3D eddy current problems with reentrant corners in the conducting region. The reason for the problem is pinpointed and a remedy is suggested.
Predictors of Distinct Trajectories of Medical Responsibility in Youth with Spina Bifida.

OBJECTIVE To determine if there are distinct developmental trajectories of medical responsibility in youth with spina bifida (SB) across ages 8-17 years and to identify condition-related, parental, and family systems predictors of membership in these trajectory groups. METHODS Participants were 140 youth with SB and their parents who participated in four waves of a longitudinal study across 6 years (ages 8-15 years at Time 1). Multi-method (questionnaires and observed family interactions) and multi-respondent assessments were conducted during home visits. RESULTS Findings revealed that there were two distinct developmental trajectories that characterized this sample, with one being labeled "high increasing" (two thirds of the sample) and one labeled "low increasing" (one third of the sample). Most predictor variables were significantly associated with trajectory group membership, with the exception of ethnicity, SES, and measures of conflict. When all significant univariate predictors were included in the same model, only intelligence quotient (IQ), family stress, and gender were retained as significant. CONCLUSIONS Most youth exhibited relatively rapid increases in responsibility over the course of late childhood and adolescence, but there was a smaller portion of the sample that did not exhibit this type of developmental trajectory. The magnitude of the IQ effect on group differentiation appeared to attenuate the effects of most other predictors. It will be important for clinicians working with youth with SB to recognize that the transfer of medical responsibility from parent to child cannot be expected to unfold in the same manner for all families of youth with SB.
Memory and Personality Development in Adulthood: Evidence From Four Longitudinal Studies.

OBJECTIVES Personality traits have been related to concurrent memory performance. Most studies, however, have focused on personality as a predictor of memory; comparatively less is known about whether memory is related to personality development across adulthood. Using 4 samples, the present study tests whether memory level and change are related to personality change in adulthood. METHOD Participants were drawn from 2 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduates (WLSG; N = 3,232, mean age = 64.28, SD = 0.65) and Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Siblings (WLSS; N = 1,570, mean age = 63.52, SD = 6.69) samples, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 1,901, mean age = 55.43, SD = 10.98), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 6,038, mean age = 65.47, SD = 8.28). Immediate and delayed recall and the 5 major personality traits were assessed at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS There was heterogeneity in the associations across samples. A meta-analysis of latent change in the four samples indicated that lower baseline memory performance was related to an increase in neuroticism (B = -0.002; 95% CI = -0.004, -0.0008) and a decrease in agreeableness (B = 0.004; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.007) and conscientiousness (B = 0.005; 95% CI = 0.0008, 0.010). In addition, declines in memory were related to steeper declines in extraversion (B = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.003, 0.11), openness (B = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.007, 0.069), and conscientiousness (B = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.019, 0.09). DISCUSSION The present study indicates that poor memory and declines in memory over time are related to maladaptive personality change. These associations, however, were small and inconsistent across samples.
Combining Inorganic Chemistry and Biology: The Underestimated Potential of Metal Complexes in Medicine

The vast majority of investigated compounds in modern medicine are based on organic molecules. Within the last decades, the field of medicinial chemistry is shifting towards the application of metal complexes. These compounds offer different mechanisms of action in comparison to organic molecules due to their unique properties, making them novel drug candidates. Herein, the successful combination of metal containing compounds and medicine is highlighted by their application for photodynamic therapy.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action

Abstract Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost. While metformin has been shown to have pleotropic effects on glucose metabolism, there is a general consensus that the major glucose-lowering effect in patients with type 2 diabetes is mostly mediated through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, despite decades of research, the mechanism by which metformin inhibits this process is still highly debated. A key reason for these discrepant effects is likely due to the inconsistency in dosage of metformin across studies. Widely studied mechanisms of action, such as complex I inhibition leading to AMPK activation, have only been observed in the context of supra-pharmacological (>1 mM) metformin concentrations, which do not occur in the clinical setting. Thus, these mechanisms have been challenged in recent years and new mechanisms have been proposed. Based on the observation that metformin alters cellular redox balance, a redox-dependent mechanism of action has been described by several groups. Recent studies have shown that clinically relevant (50-100 μM) concentrations of metformin inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis in a substrate-selective manner both in vitro and in vivo, supporting a redox-dependent mechanism of metformin action. Here, we review the current literature regarding metformin’s cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.
Patterns of Nodal Metastases and Predictors of Occult Disease in HPV-Associated Oropharynx Cancer

Objective For human papilloma virus–associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC), we evaluated the distribution of neck-level lymph node (LN) metastasis, based on postsurgical histopathology, and the incidence of and risk factors for occult LN metastases, as these patterns need clarification for this newer cancer subset. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods We analyzed 2358 patients in the NCDB with HPV+ OPSCC who underwent neck dissection (ND) from 2010 to 2015. Incidence and distribution of LN metastases were calculated for neck levels I to V. Variables associated with occult LN metastasis were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results In therapeutic NDs (n = 1935), the following proportions of positive LNs were found: level I, 9.0% (n = 175); level II, 81.0% (n = 1568); level III, 29.6% (n = 573); level IV, 11.9% (n = 230); and level V, 4.9% (n = 95). In elective NDs (n = 423), occult-positive LNs were found in 35.8% (n = 152), with the following proportions by level: level I, 3.3% (n = 14); level II, 26.9% (n = 114); level III, 8.7% (n = 37); level IV, 4.0% (n = 17); and level V, 0.2% (n = 1). The presence of occult LNs was independently associated with a Charlson-Deyo score of 1 (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.18-4.31; P = .014) and lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio, 5.91; 95% CI, 3.21-11.18; P < .001). Occult LN metastases were not significantly associated with pT classification, primary site, or number of LNs resected. Conclusion For HPV+ OPSCC, occult nodal disease is common. Therapeutic NDs should encompass at least levels II, III, and IV and possibly I, whereas elective NDs could possibly encompass levels II and III. Level of Evidence 4.