Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Design Strategies for Carbon Based Metal Oxides and Sulfides Nanocomposites for High Performance Li and Na Ion Battery Anodes

Carbon‐oxide and carbon‐sulfide nanocomposites have attracted tremendous interest as the anode materials for Li and Na ion batteries. Such composites are fascinating as they often show synergistic effect compared to their singular components. Carbon nanomaterials are often used as the matrix due to their high conductivity, tensile strength, and chemical stability under the battery condition. Metal oxides and sulfides are often used as active material fillers because of their large capacity. Numerous works have shown that by taking one step further into fabricating nanocomposites with rational structure design, much better performance can be achieved. The present review aims to present and discuss the development of carbon‐based nanocomposite anodes in both Li ion batteries and Na ion batteries. The authors introduce the individual components in the composites, i.e., carbon matrices (e.g., carbon nanotube, graphene) and metal oxides/sulfides; followed by evaluating how advanced nanostructures benefit from the synergistic effect when put together. Particular attention is placed on strategies employed in fabricating such composites, with examples such as yolk–shell structure, layered‐by‐layered structure, and composite comprising one or more carbon matrices. Lastly, the authors conclude by highlighting challenges that still persist and their perspective on how to further develop the technologies.
Influence of geoelectric field on chemical reactions on Earth

The existing understanding of chemical thermodynamics presupposes that at the same temperature and other conditions being equal, the rate of a chemical reaction will always and everywhere on Earth be constant. We have found that geoelectric field generated by the Earth’s ionosphere, is capable of exerting a strong influence on the rate of chemical processes. Because of the revolution of the Earth around the Sun and varying intensity of the solar irradiance the geoelectric field is highly dynamic and causes the rate of some chemical reactions on the Earth to vary over wide ranges within a year.
Evaluation of Siltation Degree of Permeable Asphalt Pavement and Detection of Noise Reduction Degree

This study mainly uses PFC (particle follow code) to simulate the void characteristics of permeable asphalt mixture, and uses these to simulate the silting process. Then, a tire drop test was used to evaluate the noise reduction performance of permeable asphalt concrete. Finally, a self-made ring rutting test machine was used to simulate the silting process. Through experiments, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The critical size of the sludge particle size is 0.3 mm–0.6 mm. 2. The quality of the water-permeable asphalt concrete specimens increased by 13% before and after silting, and the porosity of the specimens finally decreased from about 20% to about 8%. The water-permeable function only retained less than 20% of the original, and the water-permeable function was basically lost. 3. By measuring the road noise detection, it was found that the road noise is directly proportional to the degree of blockage of the permeable road. Compared with the original road with a perfect permeable function, the road noise of the completely blocked road increased by about 4 decibels. This study reveals the silting process of permeable asphalt mixture and the key particle size of the silt, which is of great significance for the detection, cleaning and maintenance of permeable asphalt pavements.
Tip I Kollajenin Hepasellular Karsinoma Hücre Hattı (HepG2) Proliferasyonuna Etkisi

Amac: Hucre disi matriksin en yaygin bilesenlerinden biri olan tip 1 kollajenin, Hepatoselluler Karsinoma (HSK) hucre hatti olan HepG2 hucrelerinde morfoloji ve proliferasyonu uzerine etkilerini incelemek amaclanmaktadir. Materyal ve Metodlar: Klasik kultur ve iki boyutlu tip I kollajen kapli kultur kaplarinda HepG2 hucreler 37C° ve %5CO2 varliginda kulture edildi. Hucreler 72. Saat sonunda %60-80 konfluent olduklari zaman inverted mikroskop altinda morfolojik degisimleri goruntulendi ve proliferasyon hizlari MTT yontem ile incelendi. Bulgular: Tip I kollajen varliginda kulture edilen hucrelerde morfolojik olarak igsi bir form gozlenirken, proliferasyon kontrol grubuna gore anlamli bir sekilde artmistir. Sonuc: Tip I kollajen HepG2 hucrelerin, morfolojik ozelliklerini degistirmenin yaninda proliferasyon hizlarina da etki gostermektedir.
The effects of trade unions on economic performance: evidence from Chinese provincial-level data

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate union effects on wages, employment, and productivity in China. The relationships between unionization and these three economic variables are first tested at the national level and then examined in the eastern, central, and western regions, respectively.Design/methodology/approachProvincial-level panel data from 1994 to 2014 are used in this study, compiled from various Chinese Statistics Year Books, and covering 29 provinces. The Ordinary Least Square is firstly employed to examine union impacts. Then, in view of the endogeneity of unionization, the Two-Stage Least Square estimation with instrument variables is adopted to reexamine union effects. Overidentification tests are conducted, verifying the validity of these instruments.FindingsAt the national level, Chinese unions have significantly positive effects on wages but no significant effect on employment and productivity. In the eastern region, unions are significantly related to increased employment. In the western region, union activity not only significantly promotes wages but also improves productivity. In the central region, unionization has no significant impact. These findings suggest that equipping Chinese unions with a collective and cooperative face can generally help them improve workers' interests. Their effectiveness varies across the three economic regions.Originality/valueCompared with the survey data conducted in certain cities and industries, the provincial-level panel data used in this article have the advantage of capturing the overall effects of unionization. An instrument variable method is used to address the endogeneity issue. After exploring union effects at the national level, this paper focuses on observing the differences in union roles in three economic regions.
The Effect of Intangible Assets on Capital Structure

The study mainly examines whether there is effect of intangible assets on capital structure. Test was conducted on data of electronic industry in Taiwan for seven years prior and after the adoption of IFRS. Result of the study showed that the effect of intangible assets on companies’ capital structure is positive, yet not significant, before the adoption of IFRS, but is significantly positive after the adoption of IFRS. Tangible assets also appear to have significantly positive effect on companies’ capital structure both before and after the adoption of IFRS. Thus, the importance of intangible assets in measuring companies’ solvency upon financing is yet to be studied further.
Removal of oil droplets from oil-in-water mixtures by dissolved air flotation (DAF)

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a separation technique, often used after a primary gravity separator to enhance the quality of the wastewater, so it can be released to streams, rivers, and the sea in a manner not to violate the environment. DAF works by removing oil droplets from oil-in-water mixtures by air bubbles of an average diameter of 50 μm with a standard deviation of 5.5 μm. The air bubbles used in these experiments were generated as a result of rapid pressure reduction of water saturated with air when it released from the bottom of the DAF tank. The main aim of the DAF experiments reported here was to measure the removal efficiency of oil droplet mostly in a diameter range between 15 and 80 μm that were created using a static mixer. The DAF tank located at the University of Surrey was a scale model of existing DAF unit used by Thames Water plc. The effects of seven operating parameters that are believed to affect the performance of DAF were investigated. The operating parameters consist of inlet oil concentration, air saturator pressure, temperature, the salinity of continuous phase, type of oil, flow rate of the mixture and coagulant dosage. Two independent analysis methods were used to estimate the removal efficiency of oil droplet. They are a droplet counting and an oil-in-water measuring methods. The droplet counting method used a Coulter Counter that provided numbers of oil droplet passed through the aperture based on the selected size range. The oil-in-water measuring method used an ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), which the removal efficiencies were estimated from the absorbance values that were measured at the optimum wavelength of 400 nm. The analyses done with these two methods found that the inlet oil concentration and flow rate of the mixture into DAF tank were inversely proportional to the oil droplet removal efficiency. The other parameters such as saturator pressure, temperature, water salinity and alum dosage were directly proportional to the oil droplet removal efficiency. Vegetable oil, which has larger spreading coefficient than lamp oil obtained a better oil droplet removal efficiency. Coulter Counter showed that a better removal efficiency for vegetable oil obtained at larger oil droplet ranges size, 50μm and above. This was because the oil droplets were removed by gravity and enhanced by air bubbles. Contrary to lamp oil, which the worst removal efficiency was obtained at larger size ranges due to the coalescence of oil droplets. Results from these experiments were used to obtain a correlation that can predict removal efficiency. This was done by performing dimensional analysis. It was carried out using Buckingham Pi and scaling methods. It involved with the identification of two non-dimension and nine dimensional parameters. The dimensional analysis concluded that the removal efficiency is a function of eight other dimensionless groups, which are ratio of inlet oil and mixture flow rate
Tailoring the Morphology and Melting Points of Segmented Thermoplastic Polyurethanes by Self-Nucleation

It is demonstrated that the melting behavior and the morphology of three segmented thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) can be tailored by applying self-nucleation (SN) procedures. The self-nucleating temperature ranges for each of the TPU have been first determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while their morphology was studied by polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). When the samples are cooled at slow to moderate rates after SN, the crystallization temperature of the TPUs increases by up to 45 °C, when the samples are ideally self-nucleated. This large reduction in supercooling increases the melting points of the samples by approximately 20 °C. At the same time, SAXS and AFM experiments demonstrate the growth of thicker lamellae under these slow to moderate cooling conditions as compared to untreated samples. When ideally self-nucleated samples are rapidly quenched (e.g., at rates of 100 °C min–1 or larg.
Optimisation of Protease-Treated Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Broiler Feed

Hermetia illucens or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have recently been used as an alternative source of protein in the processing of feed for various types of animals. Monogastric animals such as broiler, however, unable to completely consume all nutrient sources upon ingestion of the meal. The protease was then developed and used to treat the BSFL so that protein can be converted into amino acids, thereby enhancing the absorption of nutrients from broiler. In this analysis, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the optimum condition in obtaining the highest decrease in protein content (%) of the BSFL. A Central Composite Model (CCD) model with three variables: water volume (5-8 mL), protease volume (100-300 μL) and incubation time (30-90 min) was used to investigate the response variable, which was a decrease in the protein content (%). At the end of this experiment, optimum conditions were established as 5 mL of water, 100 μL of protease and 30 minutes of incubation time to treat BSFL to achieve a decrease in protein content of 10.5266%.
Degradation of α-Galactosides during the Germination of Grain Legume Seeds

Germination is one of the most effective ways of preparing grain legumes for consumption. Because it involves the total or partial elimination of some anti-nutritional compounds, it is also one of the simplest methods of enhancing the palatability of grain legumes, thereby increasing their consumption as a valuable source of nutrition. The main objective of this paper is to describe the changes that take place in α-galactosides during germination. During germination, galactose molecules gradually become detached from α-galactosides due to the effect of the enzyme α-D-galactosidase activated during the process. To simulate the degradation of α-galactosides during legume seed germination, we applied nine equations to the evaluation of the experimental data obtained with the germination of three types of grain legume seeds; mung bean, chickpea, and lentil.
Non-isothermal cure and exfoliation of tri-functional epoxy-clay nanocomposites

The non-isothermal cure kinetics of polymer silicate layered nanocomposites based on a tri-functional epoxy resin has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. From an analysis of the kinetics as a function of the clay content, it can be concluded that the non-isothermal cure reaction can be considered to consist of four different processes: the reaction of epoxy groups with the diamine curing agent; an intra-gallery homopolymerisation reaction which occurs concurrently with the epoxy-amine reaction; and two extra-gallery homopolymerisation reactions, catalysed by the onium ion of the organically modified clay and by the tertiary amines resulting from the epoxy-amine reaction. The final nanostructure displays a similar quality of exfoliation as that observed for the isothermal cure of the same nanocomposite system. This implies that the intra-gallery reaction, which is responsible for the exfoliation, is not significantly inhibited by the extra-gallery epoxy-amine cross-linking reaction.
Tef (Eragrostis tef) variety development for moisture stress areas of Ethiopia

Tef is widely cultivated grain crop in Ethiopia by concerning 6.5 million smallholder farmers on about 30% of the full-scale region distributed to cereal crops. The goal of this experiment was to identify and release stable and high yielding tef genotype for moisture stress areas of country and to determine and understand the effect of genotype, environment, and their interaction on grain yield of tef. Fourteen selected tef genotypes obtained from two autonomous crosses and progressed through alternative for a minimum of eight generations, and a local and standard check varieties, were tested over a two years at seven tef growing sites in moisture stress areas of Ethiopia namely Debre Zeit, Alemetena, Dhera, Axum, Sirinka, Minjar and Mehoni, using randomized complete block design with four replications. Among the genotype tested, DZ-Cr-387 x 3774-13(RIL120B) was found predominant in terms of yield at tested moisture stress environments. This genotype was obtained through targeted cross between DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho) selected as a maternal parent for its high yielding capability and wide adaptability and, 3774-13 as a pollen parent for its extraordinarily white seed quality and earliness. The genotype DZ-Cr-387 x 3774-13(RIL120B) gave the average grain yield 2740 kgha-1 pooled across all environments. This genotype "DZ-Cr-387 x 3774-13(RIL120B)” was later released as DZ-Cr-453(RIL 120B) or Bora by the National Variety Release Committee in 2019, and with a yield advantage of 5.7% and 24.48% over the standard (Boset) and local check, respectively.
A generalized machine learning‐based model for the detection of DDoS attacks

As time is progressing, the number and the complexity of methods adopted for launching distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are changing. Therefore, we propose a methodology for the development of a generalized machine learning (ML)‐based model for the detection of DDoS attacks. After exploring various attributes of the dataset chosen for this study, we propose an integrated feature selection (IFS) method which consists of three stages and integration of two different methods, that is, filter and embedded methods to select features which highly contribute to the detection of various types of DDoS attacks. We use light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) algorithm for training of the model for classification of benign and malicious flows. For ensuring satisfactory performance and generalized behavior of the developed model, we test it by passing records of unseen DDoS attack types. Several performance metrics are employed for the evaluation of the model. By comparing the performance of developed model against state‐of‐the‐art models, we state an improvement of around 20% for almost all the reported metrics. We also show that the performance of the model improves if feature space is reduced by 77%. Furthermore, the generalized behavior of the developed model is justified by demonstrating a trade‐off between high variance and high bias ML models.
The Compatibility of Piper retrofractum Vahl. and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Extracts for Controlling Helopeltis antonii Sign.

<p><em>Plant extracts as a botanical insecticide can be used in either single or mixture forms. Mixed extracts have advantages: reducing dependence on one plant species, being the synergistic effect which can increase the effectiveness of formulas, and reducing the possibility of resistance emergence. This study aimed to obtain compatible and synergistic comparisons of </em>P. retrofractum<em> with </em>C. xanthorrhiza<em> extracts that effectively control the third instar nymph of </em>Helopeltis antonii<em>. The comparison of </em>P. retrofractum<em> and </em>C. xanthorrhiza<em> extracts were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (w/w). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using the contact method. The LC<sub>50</sub>, LC<sub>90</sub>, and LC<sub>95</sub> values were calculated using the PoloPlus Ver 1.0 Program. The mixture interaction was determined from the Combination Index value. The results showed that</em> P. retrofractum<em> extract was compatible and synergistic with </em>C. xanthorrhiza<em> extract at a ratio of 2:1 (w/w). These were the best combination shown by the lowest LC<sub>50</sub>, LC<sub>90</sub>, and LC<sub>95</sub> values and showed consistently strong synergistic properties compared to other concentrations. The components of</em><em> </em><em>P. retrofractum</em><em> </em><em>may be responsible for the insecticidal properties are piperine; piperanine; piperidine; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol,6-methyl; Piperidine,1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-,(Z,Z)-; and (2E,4E,12E)-1-(Piperidine-1-yl)octadeca-2,4,12—trien-1-one. The insecticidal activity of </em>C. xanthorrhiza<em> may associated with its content of</em><em> xanthorrhizol, Ar-curcumene, β-curcumene, curzerene, germacrone</em>, <em>7-zingiberene, caryophyllene, and β-bisabolol. A combination of these two plant extracts has the potential to be further developed as a botanical insecticide to control</em> H. antonii<em>. </em></p>
Continuous, automated and simultaneous measurement of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide evolution in biological systems

Commercial respirometers are capable of continuously and automatically measuring oxygen uptake in bioreactors. A method for continuously and automatically measuring carbon dioxide evolution can be retrofitted to commercial respirometers. Continuous and automatic measurements of carbon dioxide evolution are achieved by measuring the change in electrical conductivity of barium hydroxide solution. Continuous stirring of the barium hydroxide solution was necessary to prevent the carbon dioxide absorption from controlling the oxygen uptake rate. Three separate experiments (aqueous biodegradation of phenol, soil slurry biotreatment of soil contaminated with phenol, and aqueous biodegradation of crude oil) were conducted to test the oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide evolution measurement system. The respiratory quotient, defined as the ratio of carbon dioxide evolution to oxygen uptake, is close to one until a plateau of oxygen uptake is reached, after which it is greater than one due to degradation of biomass and metabolite products. Unsteady‐state simulation of CO2 evolution in batch reactors, based on the experimental data, showed that carbon dioxide exists primarily as bicarbonate in the liquid phase. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas phase is small mainly due to fast reaction with the stirred barium hydroxide solution.
Perception of Undergraduate Accounting Students towards Professional Accounting Career in Nigeria

The shortage of professional accountants has been attributed to the perception accounting students hold about their intended professional careers and this affects their self-image, attitude towards the career and their confidence in the profession. Therefore, this paper critically appraises the perception of undergraduate accounting students towards professional accounting career in Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) accounting students from three universities in Nigeria participated in this study and data were elicited from the respondents with the aid of well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive Statistics and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient were used for data analysis. Findings showed that students are motivated to pursue professional accounting career by combination of prestige, extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Furthermore, results indicated that grit personality, prestige, extrinsic and intrinsic factors exhibited strong and positive correlation with student’s intention to pursue accounting career. However, social and reference factors displayed positive but weak correlation. Additionally, students perceive professional examinations to be very tough, expensive, time-consuming and frightening. Thus, they refrain from writing professional examinations and that could be detrimental to the future of professional accounting career in Nigeria. Therefore, this research suggests that educational institutions, accounting professional bodies and career counselors play their roles to inspire, support and motivate accounting students to work towards professionalism.