Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Hypertension-Related Knowledge and Behavior and Their Associations with Socioeconomic Status among Recently Urbanized Residents in China: 2013–2016

The rapid urbanization in China has brought with it some health benefits, but it also brought about a negative influence on the lifestyle of residents. We conducted this study to assess the change in hypertension-related knowledge and behavior from 2013 to 2016 among recently urbanized residents and determine their association with socioeconomic status (SES). This research used data from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Hezuo community in Chengdu, Sichuan province of China. A total of 2268 and 2601 individuals, respectively, participated and completed standard questionnaires. According to the results, the median (IQR) scores of health knowledge was 1 (0,3) and 3 (1,5), respectively, (p < 0.001) and the median (IQR) scores of health behavior was 6 (5,6) and 5 (5,6), respectively, (p < 0.001) in 2013 and 2016. The rate of sufficient knowledge increased from 8.8% to 18.1% (p < 0.001), while the rate of correct behavior decreased from 54.5% to 45.5% (p < 0.001) in three years. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher education was associated with sufficient hypertension-related knowledge (p < 0.05), and those with higher education, unemployment, and retirement were more likely to have sufficient behavior (p < 0.05). The impact of SES on knowledge was stable between 2013 and 2016. The behavior difference between the middle school educated and the illiterate increased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05), and the behavior difference between the unemployed and manual workers decreased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that hypertension-related knowledge improved with no corresponding improvement in self-reported behavior among recently urbanized residents from 2013 to 2016. Organizational strategy should be implemented to improve health education on knowledge, and what is more, translate knowledge into behavior. All these measures should be given more attention to the lower educated and manual workers among recently urbanized residents to eliminate the SES disparity.
Non-invasive visualization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a pilot study

Early in the course of immunotherapy there is frequently a transient enlargement of tumor masses (pseudo-progression) due to tumor infiltration by TILs. Current clinical imaging modalities are not able to distinguished pseudo-progression from true tumor progression. Thus, patients often remain on treatment 4-8 weeks longer to confirm disease progression. Nuclear medicine offers the possibility to image immune cells and potentially discriminate pseudo-progression and progression. We conducted a pilot study in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving ipilimumab (IPI) or pembrolizumab (PEMBRO) to assess safety and feasibility of SPECT/CT imaging with 99mTc- interleukin-2 (99mTc-HYNIC-IL2) to detect TILs and distinguish between true progression from pseudo- progression. Scans were performed prior to and after 12w treatment. After labelling,99mTc-HYNIC-IL2 was purified and diluted in 10 mL of 5% glucose with 0.1% human serum albumin. Of the 5 patients (2 treated with IPI and 3 with PEMBRO) enrolled, two failed to complete the second scan as they discontinued IPI due grade 3 colitis (1 patient) or patient refusal after developing multiple toxicities attributed to IPI (1 patient). Following the first scan, one patient reported to have a grade 1 pruritus with grade 1 pain. No other toxicities attributed to the radiopharmaceutical infusion were reported. Metastatic lesions could be visualized by 99mTc-IL2 imaging and there was positive correlation between size and 99mTc-HYNIC-IL2 uptake, both before and after 12 weeks of therapy. The results of this pilot study demonstrate the safety and feasibility of 99mTc-IL2 imaging and has led to a number of hypotheses to be tested in future studies.
Using Graphs for Exposing the Underlying Competence Design of Academic Degrees

Academic degrees are usually presented with textual tables and lists, following a semester structure. This information is expected to help learners to create their own itineraries within a given degree, which may not be the case in a distance university, where learners may not take complete semesters. Furthermore, both tables and lists are useful to explain the contents of a speciﬁc degree, but they are limited for visualizing the relationships between the different subjects and the competences acquired and developed through them. In this paper we propose a new way to visualize an academic degree, equating subjects and competences as two complementary dimensions. We have applied this visualization to two degrees already offered by the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya and to another during its design phase, involving learners and degree managers, respectively. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS) : K.3. 1 [Computers and Education]: Computer Uses in Education— Distance Learning, H.5. 2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces—Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
Multicenter Validation of the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal Score as a Predictor of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery*

Objectives: We sought to validate the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score, a novel disease severity index, as a predictor of outcome in a multicenter cohort of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Seven tertiary-care referral centers. Patients: Neonates defined as age less than or equal to 30 days at the time of cardiac surgery. Interventions: Ventilation index, Vasoactive-Inotrope Score, serum lactate, and Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score were recorded for three postoperative time points: ICU admission, 6 hours, and 12 hours. Peak values, defined as the highest of the three measurements, were also noted. Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal was calculated as follows: ventilation index + Vasoactive-Inotrope Score + &Dgr; creatinine (change in creatinine from baseline × 10). Primary outcome was prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, defined as greater than 96 hours. Receiver operative characteristic curves were generated, and abilities of variables to correctly classify prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation were compared using area under the curve values. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was also performed. Measurements and Main Results: We reviewed 275 neonates. Median age at surgery was 7 days (25th–75th percentile, 5–12 d), 86 (31%) had single ventricle anatomy, and 183 (67%) were classified as Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Mortality Category 4 or 5. Prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation occurred in 89 patients (32%). At each postoperative time point, the area under the curve for prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly greater for the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score as compared to the ventilation index, Vasoactive-Inotrope Score, and serum lactate, with an area under the curve for peak Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77–0.88). On multivariable analysis, peak Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score was independently associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, odds ratio (per 1 unit increase): 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12). Conclusions: In this multicenter cohort of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery, the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score was a reliable predictor of postoperative outcome and outperformed more traditional measures of disease complexity and severity.
Macronutrient Composition of the Australian Population’s Diet; Trends from Three National Nutrition Surveys 1983, 1995 and 2012

Although the role of individual macronutrients in the development of obesity remains controversial, changes in macronutrient composition of the diet may have played a causal role in the obesity epidemic. The aim of this analysis was to determine the percentage energy (%E) for protein, carbohydrate and fat of Australian adults’ diets over time. Cross-sectional, national nutrition surveys from 1983, 1995 and 2012 assessed diet using one 24 h recall. The prevalence of obesity increased between each survey, from 9.6% to 19.7% and 27.7%. Protein (%E) differed between each survey and contributed 17.7%, 16.8% and 18.3% energy in 1983, 1995 and 2012, respectively (p < 0.001). Carbohydrate (%E) increased from 40.0% in 1983 to 44.9% in 1995 (p < 0.001), with no change in dietary fibre but declined in 2012 to 43.1%. Fat (%E) declined between each survey from 35.3%, 31.9%, to 30.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). Alcohol (%E) has declined for younger adults and men but intake increased for women aged >45 years. Prospective cohort studies with comprehensive assessment of foods consumed, together with measurements of weight and height, will advance the understanding of the relationship between macronutrients and changes in body weight and obesity.
What People Want to Know About Their Genes: A Critical Review of the Literature on Large-Scale Genome Sequencing Studies

From a public health perspective, the “All of Us” study provides an opportunity to isolate targeted and cost-effective prevention and early-detection strategies. Identifying motivations for participation in large-scale genomic sequencing (LSGS) studies, and motivations and preferences to receive results will help determine effective strategies for “All of Us” study implementation. This paper offers a critical review of the literature regarding LSGS for adult onset hereditary conditions where results could indicate an increased risk to develop disease. The purpose of this review is to synthesize studies which explored peoples’ motivations for participating in LSGS studies, and their desire to receive different types of genetic results. Participants were primarily motivated by altruism, desire to know more about their health, and curiosity. When asked about hypothetically receiving results, most participants in hypothetical studies wanted all results except those which were uncertain (i.e., a variant of uncertain significance (VUS)). However, participants in studies where results were returned preferred to receive only results for which an intervention was available, but also wanted VUS. Concerns about peoples’ understanding of results and possible psychosocial implications are noted. Most studies examined populations classified as “early adopters,” therefore, additional research on motivations and expectations among the general public, minority, and underserved populations is needed.
A Fast Linear Complementarity Problem (LCP) Solver for Separating Fluid-Solid Wall Boundary Conditions

We address the task of computing solutions for a separating ﬂuid-solid wall boundary condition model. We present an embarrassingly parallel, easy to implement, ﬂuid LCP solver. We are able to use greater domain sizes than previous works have shown, due to our new solver. The solver exploits matrix-vector products as computational building blocks. We block the matrix-vector products in a way that allows us to evaluate the products, without having to assemble the full systems. Any iterative sub-solver can be used. Our work shows speedup factors ranging up to 500 for larger grid sizes.
Visual Analysis of Relations in Attributed Time-Series Data

In this paper, we present visual-interactive techniques for revealing relations between two co-existing multivariate feature spaces. Such data is generated, for example, by sensor networks characterized by a set of (categorical) attributes which continuously measure physical quantities over time. A challenging analysis task is the seeking for interesting relations between the time-oriented data and the sensor attributes. Our approach uses visual-interactive analysis to enable analysts to identify correlations between similar time series and similar attributes of the data. It is based on a combination of machine-based encoding of this information in position and color and the human ability to recognize cohesive structures and patterns. In our ﬁgures, we illustrate how analysts can identify similarities and anomalies between time series and categorical attributes of metering devices and sensors.
What information professionals need to know: Job ads analysis

A large number of ASIS&T members are involved in their academic programs' development, accreditation and assessment of academic degrees' offerings in relation to the professional market needs. The paper presents information about secondary sources of evidence regarding the library and information science professional market and argues that job advertisements offer rich data on desirable professional competencies and students' aspirations.
Human values and trust in scientific journals, the mainstream media and fake news

What factors influence trust in online information? Americans increasingly get information from social media, public distrust in the mainstream media is growing and “fake news” is an important new phenomenon. This paper examines the factors that influence trust in scientific claims posted via social media, including the use of hyperlinks and readers' values. The paper describes a crowdsourcing‐based experimental design using Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The core of the experiment was a set of 10 scientific findings reported in open‐access, peer‐reviewed scientific journals, which were in turn linked to in articles in both the mainstream media and “fake news” sites. Data analysis involved exploration of relationships between trust and the presence or absence of hyperlinks, and between trust and human values using nonparametric statistical methods. In terms of the influence of hyperlinks on trust, inclusion of hyperlinks to scientific journals, mainstream media articles, and even hidden URLs led to higher trust than hyperlinks to “fake news” sites or posts without hyperlinks (p < 0.001). Participants who clicked on hyperlinks to scientific articles placed higher trust in the claims than those who did not (p < 0.001). In terms of the influence of values on trust, values had the most impact in cases where individuals saw, but decided not to click on, hyperlinks; this finding seems to indicate that in the absence of firsthand examination of the hyperlinked sites, participants tend to rely more heavily on their values to determine their trust in a scientific claim. These findings indicate that both the presence and absence of hyperlinks and the values of the reader both significantly impact trust judgments.
An Aromatic Farnesyltransferase Functions in Biosynthesis of the Anti-HIV Meroterpenoid Daurichromenic Acid1

A farnesyl diphosphate-preferring aromatic prenyltransferase plays a key role in the biosynthetic pathway of daurichromenic acid, an anti-HIV meroterpenoid, in Rhododendron dauricum. Rhododendron dauricum produces daurichromenic acid, an anti-HIV meroterpenoid, via oxidative cyclization of the farnesyl group of grifolic acid. The prenyltransferase (PT) that synthesizes grifolic acid is a farnesyltransferase in plant specialized metabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that the isoprenoid moiety of grifolic acid is derived from the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway that takes place in plastids. We explored candidate sequences of plastid-localized PT homologs and identified a cDNA for this PT, RdPT1, which shares moderate sequence similarity with known aromatic PTs. RdPT1 is expressed exclusively in the glandular scales, where daurichromenic acid accumulates. In addition, the gene product was targeted to plastids in plant cells. The recombinant RdPT1 regiospecifically synthesized grifolic acid from orsellinic acid and farnesyl diphosphate, demonstrating that RdPT1 is the farnesyltransferase involved in daurichromenic acid biosynthesis. This enzyme strictly preferred orsellinic acid as a prenyl acceptor, whereas it had a relaxed specificity for prenyl donor structures, also accepting geranyl and geranylgeranyl diphosphates with modest efficiency to synthesize prenyl chain analogs of grifolic acid. Such a broad specificity is a unique catalytic feature of RdPT1 that is not shared among secondary metabolic aromatic PTs in plants. We discuss the unusual substrate preference of RdPT1 using a molecular modeling approach. The biochemical properties as well as the localization of RdPT1 suggest that this enzyme produces meroterpenoids in glandular scales cooperatively with previously identified daurichromenic acid synthase, probably for chemical defense on the surface of R. dauricum plants.
Impedance Pumping and Resonance in a Multi-Vessel System

Impedance pumping is a mechanism that generates flow in a compliant vessel by repeatedly actuating the vessel asymmetrically, without employing any internal valves, blades, or other mechanisms. The net flow is obtained by establishing a constructive wave pattern. Elaborate studies of impedance pumping in a single vessel have shown that the flow rate strongly depends on the actuation frequency, as well as on other parameters, such as actuator location and amplitude, and that it operates best in the resonance mode. The present study extends these principles to a network of multiple compliant vessels, representing a cardiovascular system. The flow is modeled numerically by the one-dimensional approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Two configurations were examined, systems consisting of three and five compliant vessels. First, the natural frequencies of these configurations were identified. Then, the dependence of the net flow rate (NFR) on the actuating frequency was explored, showing that impedance pumping operates best in the resonance mode in the case of a network of vessels as well. The impact of other parameters were studied as well, such as the location of one or two actuators, actuation amplitude, actuator width, the duty cycle, and the phase lag between the actuators. The results show that impedance pumps can generate significant NFR and the obtained NFR can be manipulated by properly setting up one or more of the governing parameters. These findings indicate that impedance pumping principles may be applied to flow control of the cardiovascular system.
Is informal data citation for data sharing and re‐use more common than formal data citation?

Data citation to reflect instances of data sharing and re‐use is becoming more common, although it is not yet widely adopted. We investigate how common formal and informal data citation are in bioscience/biomedical research. We found that informal data citation (i.e., acknowledgments embedded in publications outside of formal references) is far more common than formal citations. Informal citations go unrecorded, and therefore authors of datasets largely do not receive credit for having informed or influenced the research of others.
Creating New Chinese Fonts based on Manifold Learning and Adversarial Networks

The design of fonts, especially Chinese fonts, is known as a tough task that requires considerable time and professional skills. In this paper, we propose a method to easily generate Chinese font libraries in new styles based on manifold learning and adversarial networks. Starting from a number of existing fonts that cover various styles, we ﬁrstly use convolutional neural networks to obtain the representation features of these fonts, and then build a font manifold via non-linear mapping. Using the font manifold, we can interpolate and move between those existing fonts to get new font features, which are then fed into a generative network learned via adversarial training to generate the whole new font libraries. Experimental results demonstrate that high-quality Chinese fonts in various new styles against existing ones can be efﬁciently generated using our method.
Anodic reactions of NADH model compound by utilizing both light irradiation and riboflavin as a redox mediator

ABSTRACT Both light and a redox mediator riboflavin (RF) were utilized to promote the electro-oxidation of an NADH model compound (1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide, BNAH), which is a key process for enzymatic biofuel cells to obtain a high performance. At the cathode, H+ ions were simultaneously reduced to produce H2 gas. To elucidate the cell reactions of this photogalvanic cell, which is significant information about the fabrication of enzymatic biofuel cells with a high performance, the effect of the BNAH and RF concentrations on the cell current, the light wavelength dependence on the current, and reduction of the RF concentration were evaluated. The obtained results strongly suggest that the anodic reactions were composed of the following reactions: 1) the photo-excitation of RF, 2) the attack of the excited RF on the BNAH and the generation of the radical species of BNAH and RF, and 3) the chain reactions between the radical species. Graphical Abstract The RF-mediated oxidation of BNAH was composed of 1) the photo-excitation of RF, 2) the attack of the excited RF on the BNAH, and 3) the chain reactions between their radicals.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as an Adhesion Substrate for Different Tumor Cells Expressing RGD-Binding Integrins

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in addition to their function as a host defense mechanism, play a relevant role in thrombus formation and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Here we screened different cancer cell lines endogenously expressing a variety of integrins for their ability to bind to NETs. To this end, we used NETs isolated from neutrophil-like cells as a substrate for adhesion assays of HT1080, U-87 MG, H1975, DU 145, PC-3 and A-431 cells. Levels of α5, αIIb, αv, β1, β3 and β5 chains were determined by western blot analysis in all cell lines and levels of whole integrins on the plasma membrane were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. We found that high levels of α5β1, αvβ3 and αvβ5 enhance cell adhesion to NETs, whereas low expression of α5β1 prevents cell attachment to NETs. Excess of cyclic RGD peptide inhibited cell adhesion to NETs by competing with fibronectin within NETs. The maximal reduction of such adhesion was similar to that obtained by DNase 1 treatment causing DNA degradation. Our findings indicate that NETs from neutrophil-like cells may be used as a substrate for large screening of the adhesion properties of cancer cells expressing a variety of RGD-binding integrins.