Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaic with the distribution network

The recent incentivation of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and deregulation of the electricity market present a major challenge to the design and operation of the conventional power system. This article presents an impact analysis of this game-changing technology distributed on the IEEE 13-bus distribution feeder using actual local demand load profile, temperature and irradiance data. We analyse impacts on active power demand, voltage and component of power losses at various penetration levels. In addition, simulation results quantifying the components of power losses which are load, line and transformer losses are presented. These losses are pivotal considerations for effective distribution system design as it transits from a passive network to an active one. Using the Open source Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS), results show a significant decrease in active power demand, load and line losses with improvement in voltage profile at various penetration levels.
Design and optimization of redistribution layer (RDL) on TSV interposer for high frequency applications

The fabrication of redistribution layer (RDL) for TSV 3D integration and its optimization are presented in this paper. BCB is selected as the passivation layer and the electroplated Cu is used as the metal layer. CYCLOTENE 3024–46 is utilized and it is deposited by spin-coating and soft cure at 210 °C in annealing oven for 40 minutes with N2 protection. Sputtered Ti/W/Cu and electron beam evaporated Ti/Cu on BCB have shown good adhesion. Daisy chain of the two metal layers and double layer of CPW are fabricated. The RDL of MSL and CPW are simulated by Ansoft HFSS. In condition of folded shape of RDL, multilayer of folded RDL gives the better performance than that of single layer and even has lower attenuation than straight line by optimization. Multilayer of RDL can also offset the insertion loss brought by TSV and has lower return loss. Multilayer of RDL with increasing width of metal line gradually from bottom to top is good for signal transmission and system reliability.
Arabidopsis shoot organogenesis is enhanced by an amino acid change in the ATHB15 transcription factor.

The hoc mutant displays high organogenic competence for in vitro shoot regeneration without addition of exogenous phytohormones. The genetic basis of this phenotype is investigated here. Using genetic mapping, the HOC locus was identified on chromosome 1. A point mutation was found in the At1g52150 gene, which encodes ATHB15/CORONA/INCURVATA4, a class III HD-ZIP transcription factor. The mutation replaced a serine with a cysteine in the MEKHLA domain of the protein. The wild-type ATHB15 gene was able to complement the hoc phenotype. Organogenesis response experiments revealed that hoc organogenic capacity was affected by the genetic background, and that it was not caused by a loss of ATHB15 function but by an effect of the mutation on protein function.
Robust Non-Rigid Registration of Multimodal Medical Image by Combining Local Phase Coherence with Residual Complexity Measure

In this paper, a robust non-rigid multimodal image registration method is proposed using the local phase coherence representation (LPCR) as well as the residual complexity (RC) similarity measure. By integrating the LPCR and RC measure, we can find and track the non-rigid transformation of each pixel under diffeomorphism between the source and target images. Experiments using multimodal images are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
More than Pathological Formalization: Understanding Organizational Structure and Red Tape

Most research has conceptualized red tape as being a pathological subset of organizational formalization. This article argues that focusing on a single dimension of organizational structure as a red tape driver is unrealistically narrow. Specifically, the article advances hypotheses as to how organizational centralization and hierarchy affect perceived red tape, in addition to formalization. This reasoning is tested using survey data from employees of three local government organizations in the southeastern United States. All three hypotheses are supported: higher levels of organizational formalization, centralization, and hierarchy are associated with more red tape. Open-ended comments also indicate that red tape is not solely perceived as related to formalization. The findings imply that red tape is a multifaceted perception of organizational structure rather than perceived pathological formalization.
Quantitative Assessment of Anterior Chamber Parameters in Pigmentary Glaucoma Using Slit-Lamp Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose. To quantitatively assess the parameters of anterior chamber and angle dimensions by slit-lamp optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT) in eyes with pigmentary glaucoma (PG). Methods. A total of 18 eyes of 11 patients with PG and 18 eyes of 11 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), spur distance (internal horizontal anterior chamber diameter), central corneal thickness (CCT), angle opening distance at 500 urn from the scleral spur (AOD 500), and trabecular iris space area at 500 μm from the scleral spur (TISA 500) parameters were detected by SL-OCT. The differences of anterior chamber parameters between patients with PG and the control group were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Mean ACD and ACV were measured as 3.28±0.38 mm and 191.6±39.7 mm3 respectively in the PG group. Mean AOD 500 and TISA 500 were 0.88±0.47 mm and 0.29±0.15 mm2 at the nasal angle and 1.14±0.67 mm and 0.41 ±0.23 mm2 at the temporal angle, respectively. Nasal and temporal angles were 49.83±11.1° and 53.83±10.46°. In eyes with PG, the midperipheral iris configuration was found to be considerably concave in 15 eyes (83.3%). Except CCT and spur distance, all anterior chamber dimension and angle parameters detected by SL-OCT were found to be significantly higher in the eyes with PG (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05). Conclusions. SL-OCT provided highly quantitative data on the parameters of anterior chamber and angle dimensions in PG. The evaluation of the anterior segment anatomy using SL-OCT revealed increased anterior chamber dimensions and posterior bowing of the iris consistent with the increase in angle parameters in patients with PG.
Inhibition of high glucose‐induced inflammatory response and macrophage infiltration by a novel curcumin derivative prevents renal injury in diabetic rats

Inflammation is involved in the development and/or progression of many diseases including diabetic complications. Investigations on novel anti‐inflammatory agents may offer new approaches for the prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Our previous bioscreening of synthetic analogues of curcumin revealed C66 as a novel anti‐inflammatory compound against LPS challenge in macrophages. In this study, we hypothesized that C66 affects high glucose (HG)‐induced inflammation profiles in vitro and in vivo and then prevents renal injury in diabetic rats via its anti‐inflammatory actions.
Racial and ethnic variations in albuminuria in the US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) population: associations with diabetes and level of CKD.

BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic differences in prevalence of albuminuria in a nationally representative population with and without diabetes were assessed. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data collected for the 20,050 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to determine factors that contributed to racial/ethnic differences in microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria prevalence. RESULTS For the 15,522 NHANES III participants for whom relevant data were available, racial/ethnic minorities tended to be younger, be less well educated, have lower income, and be less likely to have insurance than non-Hispanic whites, findings that were similar for those with and without diabetes. After adjusting for baseline covariates and medication use, racial and ethnic minorities with and without diabetes had greater odds of albuminuria compared with whites without diabetes (blacks with diabetes, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 2.72), Mexican Americans with diabetes (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.11), and those of other ethnicity with diabetes (aOR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.28 to 6.75). Of those without diabetes, blacks had 2.18-fold (95% CI, 1.44 to 3.30) and Mexican Americans had 1.81-fold (95% CI, 1.08 to 3.02) greater odds of microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria than whites after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Stratifying by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (<1.00 mL/s) showed similar results for racial/ethnic minorities and those with diabetes, whereas results were significant only for blacks with and without diabetes for those with an eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or greater. Level of metabolic control (hemoglobin A(1c) level), systolic blood pressure, income, diuretic use, and hypertensive treatment status remained independent factors associated with albuminuria. CONCLUSION Racial and ethnic minorities have greater odds of albuminuria than whites with and without diabetes, which persists primarily for those with an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2).
How to Prevent Hepatitis B in Pakistan: Role of Social Marketing

Hepatitis B is a deadly infectious disease, which is increasing now days in Pakistan. This disease is also rooted in the poverty and illiteracy. There are huge discrepancies in health conditions between rural and urban areas and among different socio-economic strata, played role in increased burden of this deadly disease. Furthermore, multiple social and cultural barriers are prevailing in the country might have played an important role in increasing the burden of this disease in the society. The most important step is to target high risk groups including injection drug users, health workers and recipients of blood transfusion. The first step is to change the behaviour of these high risk groups through education and counselling by adapting the innovative approaches. One of these strategies is social marketing, which might help people to change their behaviour. Thus, the purpose of this review was to use the social marketing approach as the innovative strategy to change the behaviour of people. This change in behaviour might play role in preventing the epidemics of hepatitis B across the world and particularly in developing countries.
Conditional and marginal estimates in case-control family data – extensions and sensitivity analyses

This work considers two specific estimation techniques for the family-specific proportional hazards model and for the population-averaged proportional hazards model. So far, these two estimation procedures were presented and studied under the gamma frailty distribution mainly because of its simple interpretation and mathematical tractability. Modifications of both procedures for other frailty distributions, such as the inverse Gaussian, positive stable and a specific case of discrete distribution, are presented. By extensive simulations, it is shown that under the family-specific proportional hazards model, the gamma frailty model appears to be robust to frailty distribution mis-specification in both bias and efficiency loss in the marginal parameters. The population-averaged proportional hazards model, is found to be robust under the gamma frailty model mis-specification only under moderate or weak dependency within cluster members.
An Epidemiological Survey of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Italian Children in the Decade 1990–1999

Background A retrospective–prospective survey of Italian children with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was planned in 1998 to explore the epidemiologic features of infection during the past decade. Methods Anti-HCV–positive patients (or HCV RNA–positive infants) aged 1 month to 16 years, consecutively observed in 20 pediatric Institutions, were considered. An anonymous epidemiologic questionnaire based on clinical records was used. Results From 1990 through March 1999, 606 patients were observed (296 boys, average age 5.8 years). Maternal infection (46% of cases) and blood transfusions (34%) were the most frequent risk factors. Of 279 infected mothers, 61% did not recall a putative source of infection (by history, many could possibly have had exposure through routes such as therapeutic injections with nondisposable material), whereas 94 (34%) admitted drug abuse, including 49 (17%) coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only 157 (26%) children were born after 1991: 90% of their mothers were infected (11% were HIV coinfected vs. 25% mothers of older children, P < 0.01). Conclusions Maternal infection is a prominent source of pediatric HCV infection in Italy. The fact that most mothers had a history of covert exposure to HCV, probably through percutaneous routes that are no longer operating, and that the number of those with HIV coinfection has decreased suggests that the frequency of pediatric infection could decrease in the future.
Sphingolipid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes FEN 1 and SUR 4 Modulate 1 Amphotericin B Resistance 2 Running Title : FEN 1 and SUR 4 Modulate Amphotericin B Resistance

4 Sushma Sharma, Md. Alfatah, Vinay K. Bari, Yashpal Rawal, Sanjoy Paul and K. Ganesan 5 CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh-160 036, India. 6 7 8 9 1 Joint first authors 10 * Current address: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 11 Umeå, Sweden 12 ¶ Current address: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of 13 Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA 14 # Corresponding author. Mailing address: CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, 15 Chandigarh160036, India. Phone: +91-172-6665305; Fax: +91-172-2690585; Email: 16 ganesan@imtech.res.in 17 18 19 AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 6 January 2014 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.02130-13 Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Fish uptake of inorganic and mucus complexes of lead.

Carassius auratus were exposed to lead in synthetic water. Mucus secreted from the fish was measured and characterized for its lead binding capacity. The increase in mucus concentration in the water depended on secretion and degradation rates and the former was speeded up by lead. The complexation between mucus and lead can be described based on a single-site interaction model. Lead speciation in the system with or without mucus was calculated using chemical equilibrium modeling. The dominant species of lead was PbCO(3)(0). Other major species included Pb(OH)(+), Pb(OH)(2)(0), Pb(CO(3))(2)(2-), Pb-mucus, and Pb(2+), among which free lead and lead hydroxo complexes were available to fish uptake.
Regulation of Phosphatidylglycerophosphate Synthase Levels inSaccharomyces cerevisiae *

The PGS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PG-P) synthase. PG-P synthase activity is regulated by factors affecting mitochondrial development and through cross-pathway control by inositol. The molecular mechanism of this regulation was examined by using a reporter gene under control of the PGS1 gene promoter (P PGS1 -lacZ). Gene expression subject to carbon source regulation was monitored both at steady-state level and during the switch between different carbon sources. Cells grown in a non-fermentable carbon source had β-galactosidase levels 3-fold higher than those grown in glucose. A shift from glucose to lactate rapidly raised the level of gene expression, whereas a shift back to glucose had the opposite effect. In either a pgs1 null mutant or a rho mutant grown in glucose, P PGS1 -lacZ expression was 30–50% of the level in wild type cells. Addition of inositol to the growth medium resulted in a 2–3-fold reduction in gene expression in wild type cells. Inino2 and ino4 mutants, gene expression was greatly reduced and was not subject to inositol regulation consistent with inositol repression being dependent on the INO2 andINO4 regulatory genes. P PGS1 -lacZexpression was elevated in a cds1 null mutant in the presence or absence of inositol, indicating that the capacity to synthesize CDP-diacylglycerol affects gene expression. Lack of cardiolipin synthesis (cls1 null mutant) had no effect on reporter gene expression.
Expression of GDNF and its receptors in developing tooth is developmentally regulated and suggests multiple roles in innervation and organogenesis

Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a recently identified survival factor for several populations of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system that also regulates kidney development. To study the roles of GDNF in the regulation of tooth innervation and formation, we analyzed by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of GDNF and its receptors Ret, GDNF family receptor alpha‐1 (GFRα‐1), and GFRα‐2 from the initiation of first molar formation to the completion of crown morphogenesis. At the time of trigeminal axon ingrowth, GDNF mRNAs were expressed in the mesenchyme around the tooth germ (i.e., target field of the dental innervation), suggesting that it is involved in the regulation of the embryonic tooth innervation. This hypothesis was supported by the ability of GDNF to induce neurite outgrowth from embryonic day 12 (E12) to E15 trigeminal ganglia. This timing correlated with the appearance of Ret in the subset of cells in the trigeminal ganglion at E12, whereas GFRα‐1 and GFRα‐2 receptors were constantly expressed in trigeminal ganglion during E11–E15. After birth, GDNF expression showed apparent correlation with the ingrowth and presence of trigeminal nerve fibers in the tooth, suggesting that GDNF is involved in the regulation of innervation of the dental papilla and dentin postnatally. Ret, GFRα‐1, and GFRα‐2 mRNAs were expressed in the dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells at stages when epithelial‐mesenchymal signalling regulates critical steps of tooth morphogenesis. Ret and GFRα‐2 were colocalized in the dental mesenchyme during bud and cap stages. Expression of GFRα‐1 associated with the formation of the epithelial enamel knot, which is a putative embryonic signalling center regulating tooth shape. During postnatal development, GDNF and its receptors were expressed in dental papilla mesenchyme. In addition, GDNF and GFRα‐1 transcripts were seen in the preodontoblasts and odontoblasts, suggesting that they may be involved in differentiation and maintenance of functional properties of the odontoblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that GDNF acts as a target‐derived neurotrophic factor during tooth innervation. In addition, GDNF and its receptors may have nonneuronal organogenetic functions during tooth morphogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 1997; 210:463–471. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflation hedging abilities of indirect real estate investments in Switzerland

Real Estate investments have been discussed for a long time in both academic literature and practice. Intuitively, many people assume that real estate returns may have a high correlation with inflation (Fama and Schwert, 1977: 4; Anson, 2009: 78). They therefore expect real estate investments to provide inflation hedging abilities (Wohlwend and Goller, 2011; Marti, Meier, and Davidson, 2014: 12). Accordingly, most of the past research on real estate has focused on the diversification effects of real estate in portfolios of stocks and bonds and on the inflation hedging abilities of real estate.
New Method for Monitoring Partial Weight Bearing (PWB) of Outpatients with an Independent Insole Sensor System.

UNLABELLED PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Partial weight bearing (PWB) is commonly prescribed post operatively following lower limb fractures and compliance with the weight bearing protocol is an essential element of the rehabilitation. So far it is unknown to what extent patients do comply with PWB during the healing process as instructed by the surgeon. Our aim is to assess a new device for real-time feedback and long-term measurement of PWB of outpatients. The device offers the possibility to monitor the outpatient's activity. The applicability, reliability and validity of the new device should be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS 20 young, healthy subjects complete a course of 500 m that contained several stairs, with a PWB of 15 kg. During the entire test, the axial load, the acceleration and the temperature were measured with a novel insole sensor system. The results were compared with reference measurements performed with a force plate. RESULTS Altogether, the 20 subjects performed 11,106 steps during the completion of the walking circuit. In 23.6% of the steps, the subjects applied a PWB of 10 to 20 kg. In 5.5% of all steps, PWB was superior to 60 kg. The mean bias of the insole was 11,58 N. Limits of agreement were +/- 125 N and the interclass correlation coefficient was r = 0.945. CONCLUSIONS The presented sensor sole might be a useful tool to obtain more precise insight of outpatients' activity and load to the injured limb during the healing process. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that even young and healthy subjects are not able to keep the prescribed PWB. This raises the question, if patients who have been recently operated are able to follow the instructions concerning the PWB. KEY WORDS partial weight bearing (PWB), insole sensor system, sensor sole, monitoring, outpatients.
Does CAP spending reflect taxpayer preferences? An analysis of expenditures for public goods and income redistribution in relation to preference indicators

Public support for agriculture in the European Union (EU) and other European countries targets two main objectives: providing public goods and securing a fair standard of living for farmers. However, whether the current level of spending on measures targeting these two goals reflects taxpayer preferences is unknown. We used a cross-section of countries to explore how levels of support relate to likely indicators of taxpayer demand. The indicators were derived from theoretical considerations, empirical literature on the demand for public goods, and opinion research about specific policy preferences. We evaluated eleven expectations concerning the relationships between these indicators and spending on direct payments (pillar 1), total payments for voluntary measures (pillar 2) and agri-environment measures in the reference year 2012. We found that spending on public goods was consistently related to variations in income and other indicators of willingness to pay. Spending on income support, in contrast, did not show the expected relations with preference indicators. Furthermore, the study revealed that reliable information about parameters of taxpayer preferences for agricultural support is currently largely lacking. More decentralized and participatory processes in agricultural policymaking would improve our knowledge about taxpayer preferences, and reduce the information needs of policy makers.
Design of an FPGA based visible light communication system

Visible light communication (VLC) has won much attention in recent years. In this work a visible light communication system based on IEEE 802.3 standard Media Access Control (MAC) layer is presented. The digital signal processing module of the physical (PHY) layer is implemented in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The PHY layer is connected to the MAC layer via a Media Independent Interface (MII) which has been specified in IEEE 802.3 standard. The digital part of the system is tested by a Streaming Media Server system. Maximum data rate of 30 Mb/s is achieved.