Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug Utilization Pattern in Urinary tract infections: A Retrospective study.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a frequent problem in primary care. The empirical treatment of UTI requires constant updating of the antibiotic sensitivity of the main uropathogens of the area, country or institution. Methods: The study was designed as a descriptive, retrospective study including both male & female patients of all age groups. The case record files were retrieved from the medical records department based on the ICD-10 disease coding. The demographics were recorded. Total admissions, first admission and readmissions were identified and medication status of all patients at admission and at discharge was ascertained. Drug utilization pattern was compared among different age groups (1-10 years, 10-20years, 21-40 years, 41-60 years, >60 years) of patients. Results: A total of 88 patients were included in the study, out of which 47 (53.4%) were males and 41 (46.6%) were females. Most of the patients were in above 60 years age group. Cephalosporins were the most commonly used antibiotic (72.7%) followed by penicillins (9.1%), fluroquinolones (6.8%) and aminoglycosides (6.8%). Among the patients who received cephalosporins, third generation parenteral cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefaperazone, ceftazidime) were used initially which was switched over to third generation oral cephalosporins (cefixime) in 24 patients after 4 days. Among the penicillins, piperacillin+tazobactum combination was used in 7 patients and amoxicillin was used in 1 patient. Amikacin was the most commonly used aminoglycosides followed by gentamicin and netilmicin. Mean duration of treatment is 5.9±2.52 days with a minimum duration of two days and maximum of 13 days. Conclusion: The present study concludes that third generation cephalosporin as first line drugs irrespective of the causative agent for UTI. Third generation cephalosporins should be reserved for complicated UTIs. These results highlight the necessity for a remedial education program within the health care system designed to improve adherence to the guidelines for the treatment of UTI.
Effect of crude Fatty acid extract of Streptomyces sps on biofilm forming Candida albicans MTCC 3017

The effect of crude fatty acid extract of Streptomyces sps isolated from soil on the biofilm formation by Candida albicans MTCC 3017 was investigated. Totally, 25 Streptomyces sps were isolated and identified from the soil samples collected at Nilgiris hills. All the isolates were subjected to hydrogen peroxide assay to identify fatty acid production. Crude fatty acid extracts of all the positive isolates were analyzed for inhibition of biofilm formed by Candida albicans. The extracts of five isolates AP1, AP8, AP9, AP11 and AP23 showed inhibition percentage of 80.56%, 93.25%, 79.53%, 85.39% and 73.29% at 50 µg/ml. Furthermore the �-galactosidase activity of extracts indicated capability of inhibiting the production of enzymes and reducing the hyphal growth of C. albicans. This study suggests that the crude fatty acid extracts of Streptomyces sps may be useful in preventing biofilm formation by the pathogen.
Optimizing copper spheres for precision calibration of hydroacoustic equipment

An operational definition of backscattering cross section is developed for the wideband reception of finite echoes. This is supported by relative measurements on a set of copper spheres by each of four echo sounders operating at frequencies from 38 to 120 kHz. Experiential and theoretical arguments are advanced for the superiority of commercial, electrical–grade copper in the application. An optimization problem for determining the sphere size is then formulated, and solved for the case of calibration of a 38 kHz echo sounder by a sphere of the described material. The solution: that the copper sphere diameter be 60.00 mm, is tested through a variety of measurements. These demonstrate an accuracy of 0.1 dB. The further exercise of theory indicates the feasibility of precision calibration of diverse hydroacoustic equipment by copper spheres over most of the kilohertz frequency range.
Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes

Many organisms show polymorphism in dispersal distance strategies. This variation is particularly ecological relevant if it encompasses a functional separation of short- (SDD) and long-distance dispersal (LDD). It remains, however, an open question whether both parts of the dispersal kernel are similarly affected by landscape related selection pressures. We implemented an individual-based model to analyze the evolution of dispersal traits in fractal landscapes that vary in the proportion of habitat and its spatial configuration. Individuals are parthenogenetic with dispersal distance determined by two alleles on each individual's genome: one allele coding for the probability of global dispersal and one allele coding for the variance σ of a Gaussian local dispersal with mean value zero. Simulations show that mean distances of local dispersal and the probability of global dispersal, increase with increasing habitat availability, but that changes in the habitat's spatial autocorrelation impose opposing selective pressure: local dispersal distances decrease and global dispersal probabilities increase with decreasing spatial autocorrelation of the available habitat. Local adaptation of local dispersal distance emerges in landscapes with less than 70% of clumped habitat. These results demonstrate that long and short distance dispersal evolve separately according to different properties of the landscape. The landscape structure may consequently largely affect the evolution of dispersal distance strategies and the level of dispersal polymorphism.
Biodiversity Regulation of Ecosystem Services

Coordinating Lead Authors: Sandra Dı́az, David Tilman, Joseph Fargione Lead Authors: F. Stuart Chapin III, Rodolfo Dirzo, Thomas Kitzberger, Barbara Gemmill, Martin Zobel, Montserrat Vilà, Charles Mitchell, Andrew Wilby, Gretchen C. Daily, Mauro Galetti, William F. Laurance, Jules Pretty, Rosamond Naylor, Alison Power, Drew Harvell Contributing Authors: Simon Potts, Claire Kremen, Terry Griswold, Connal Eardley Review Editors: Gerardo Ceballos, Sandra Lavorel, Gordon Orians, Stephen Pacala, Jatna Supriatna
Word of Mouth Marketing Strategy

The research is to study and understand the customer’s influence on word of mouth in marketing of a product or a service and how word of mouth helps in analyzing and creating more impact on the organization. Word of mouth being one of the simplest forms of marketing and is one of the cost effective methods of marketing a product in an organization impacts the customers and it helps the organization to create impact on its brand in the market. Although there is both positive and negative impact on the brand through word of mouth it mainly helps the customers to recognize the brand and thus gives more effect on the other customers.
Static Noise Margin Optimized 11nm Shorted-Gate and Independent-Gate Low Power 6T FINFET SRAM Topologies

This paper investigates the leakage current, static noise margin (SNM), delay and energy consumption of a 6 transistor FinFET based static random-access memory (SRAM) cell due to the variation in design and operating parameters of the SRAM cell. The SRAM design and operating parameters considered in this investigation are transistor sizing, supply voltage, word-line voltage, temperature and PFET and NFET back gate biasing. This investigation is performed using a 11nm FinFET shorted gate and low power technology models. Based on the investigation results, we propose a robust 6 transistor SRAM cells with optimized performance using shorted gate and independent gate low power FinFET models. By optimizing the design parameters of the cell, the shorted-gate design shows an improvement of read SNM of 261.56mV and an improvement of hold SNM of 87.68mV when compared to a shorted-gate cell with standard design parameters. The low-power design shows an improvement of read SNM of 146.18mV and a marginal decrease in hold SNM of 22.84mV when compared to a low-power cell with standard design parameters. Both the cells with the new optimized design parameters are shown to improve the overall SNM of the cells with minimal impact on the subthreshold leakage currents, performance and energy consumption.
Wetlands Spatial-Temporal Distribution Multi-Scale Simulation Using Multi-Agent System

Abstract —The simulation of wetland landscape spatial-temporal distribution not only can reveal the mechanisms and laws of landscape evolution, but achieve the sustainable land use as well as provide supports for wetland conservation and management. In this report, the inland freshwater wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain of China were selected for wetland landscape changing process simulation studies. Results showed that both visual effects of simulation and prediction were good and the total accuracy co-efficiency of points to points was also significantly high (above 82%), which demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of wetland landscape spatial-temporal distribution simulation using Multi-Agent System (MAS). Scales exerted influence on visual effects, simulation accuracies and statistics of landscape index. Scale effects were obvious during simulation process using MAS. It was demonstrated that 60m was the best scale for simulation. It was shown that contagion index lines were exponential distribution while accuracy lines were lognormal distribution with the scale rising, which provided a reference for scale effect assessment and simulation scale selection.
Surface heat flow, crustal temperatures and mantle heat flow in the Proterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen, Canadian Shield

The mean and standard deviation of heat flow values are 42 ± 9 mW m � 2 . I n this province, distinctive geological domains are associated with specific heat flow distributions. The heat flow pattern follows the surface geology with a central area of low values over an ancient back arc basin (Kisseynew) and an ancient island arc (Lynn Lake Belt) made of depleted juvenile rocks. Higher heat flow values found in peripheral belts are associated with recycled Archean crust. Within the Canadian Shield, there is no significant variation in heat flow as a function of age between provinces spanning about 2 Gyr. There is no geographic trend in heat flow across the Canadian Shield from the THO to the Labrador Sea. Low heat flow areas where the crustal structure is well-known are used to determine an upper bound of 16 mW m � 2 for the mantle heat flow. Present and paleogeotherms are calculated for a high heat flow area in the Thompson metasedimentary belt. The condition that melting temperatures were not reached in Proterozoic times yields a lower bound of 11–12 mW m � 2 for the mantle heat flow. INDEX TERMS: 8130 Tectonophysics: Evolution of the Earth: Heat generation and transport; 8120 Tectonophysics: Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle—general; 1020 Geochemistry: Composition of the crust; 8015 Structural Geology: Local crustal structure; KEYWORDS: heat flow measurements, crustal thermal structure, mantle heat flow
Does Inter-Municipal Cooperation Really Reduce Delivery Costs? An Empirical Evaluation of the Role of Scale Economies, Transaction Costs, and Governance Arrangements

Inter-municipal cooperation in public service delivery has attracted the interest of local authorities seeking to reform public service provision. Cost saving, together with better quality and coordination, has been among the most important drivers of such cooperation. However, the empirical results on inter-municipal cooperation and its associated costs offer divergent outcomes. By conducting a meta-regression analysis, we seek to explain this discrepancy. We formulate several hypotheses regarding scale economies, transaction costs, and governance of cooperation. While we find no clear indications of the role played by transaction costs in the relationship between cooperation and service delivery costs, we find strong evidence that population size and governance are significant in explaining the relationship. Specifically, small populations and delegation to a higher tier of government seem to offer cost advantages to cooperating municipalities. As an extension of our model, we seek to disentangle service-related transaction costs based on asset specificity and ease of measurability of the service.
WITHDRAWN: Correction to “Cassini observations of ion and electron beams at Saturn and their relationship to infrared auroral arcs”

[1] We present Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of infrared auroral emissions from the noon sector of Saturn’s ionosphere revealing multiple intense auroral arcs separated by dark regions poleward of the main oval. The arcs are interpreted as the ionospheric signatures of bursts of reconnection occurring at the dayside magnetopause. The auroral arcs were associated with upward field-aligned currents, the magnetic signatures of which were detected by Cassini at high planetary latitudes. Magnetic field and particle observations in the adjacent downward current regions showed upward bursts of 100–360 keV light ions in addition to energetic (hundreds of keV) electrons, which may have been scattered from upward accelerated beams carrying the downward currents. Broadband, upward propagating whistler waves were detected simultaneously with the ion beams. The acceleration of the light ions from low altitudes is attributed to wave-particle interactions in the downward current regions. Energetic (600 keV) oxygen ions were also detected, suggesting the presence of ambient oxygen at altitudes within the acceleration region. These simultaneous in situ and remote observations reveal the highly energetic magnetospheric dynamics driving some of Saturn’s unusual auroral features. This is the first in situ identification of transient reconnection events at regions magnetically conjugate to Saturn’s magnetopause.
Interaction using nearby-and-far projection surfaces with a body-worn ProCam system

We have been developing a wearable interface system, "BOWL ProCam (BOdy-Worn Laser Projector Camera)", for providing the user with a mixed-reality interface by not using any head-mounted devices. The BOWL ProCam is equipped with a laser projector that has the long focal depth, a high-definition fish-eye camera for enabling wide-range situation understanding, and attitude sensors for projection stabilization. In this paper, we first show an evaluation by simulation on the proper position for wearing a projector-camera system in the context of real-world task support. According to the result, the upper chest area was selected as the wearing position. Next, we briefly describe interaction techniques effectively employing both nearby projection surfaces such as the user's hands and far projection surfaces such as a tabletop and wall. This paper then presents preliminary experiments on active-stereo and hand-posture-classification techniques to realize such interaction with a proof-of-concept system that uses a conventional light-bulb projector.
Learning under fear of floating Saki Bigio

In recent years a large fraction of economies overcame the fear of floating. We study a model that describes the policy of a Central Bank uncertain about whether currency depreciations cause output to expand (textbook model) or contract (balance-sheet model). We conclude that the movement away from fear of floating may not be explained by Bayesian or Robust policies. When the private sector anticipates the Central Bank’s policy and endogenously determines the model, Central Banks may fall in a learning trap. An increase in financial volatility provides an escape to such trap that replicates patterns in the data. & 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Extremely High Dynamic Outer Extinction Ratio (9.7 dB) of 56-Gb/s PAM-4 with EA-DFB Lasers by Optical Orthogonal Polarization-Multiplexing

The highest dynamic outer extinction ratio (9.7 dB) of 56-Gb/s PAM-4 waveform is firstly achieved by employing optical orthogonal polarization-multiplexing with 1.3-pm NRZ driven EA-DFB lasers. High extinction ratio of PAM-4 improves the received sensitivity (2 dB), as compared with the conventional method.
Activity Strength Recognition Using a Binary Infrared Sensor Array

Smart environments such as smart homes and smart offices have attracted great attention in recent years. Smart home is one solution for senior care in a super–aging society like Japan. Since smart home is a private space, devices like video camera and voice recorder cannot be used. The objective of this research is to investigate technologies for constructing privacypreserving smart home systems. In this paper, we try to use an array of binary infrared sensors to recognize the activity strengths. By activity strength here we mean the speed of a certain action. Because daily–life activities (DLAs) can be considered time sequences of different activity strengths, results obtained in this paper can provide insights about sensor–based DLA recognition. Experimental results show that an array consisting of 15 sensors can provide information for a machine learner to recognize activity strengths well, and the accuracy does not depend on the location of the subject.
Session 2-3 : Toward Dynamic and Fast Locomotion 47 Slip-Model-Compatible and Bio-Inspired Robotic Leg with Reconfigurable Length

We present a novel robotic leg design with reconfigurable length. The design combines key features from bio-mechanical principles into a novel robotic leg with only two actuated degrees of freedom (DOF). The leg configuration with one rotary hip joint and one prismatic knee joint makes it compatible to the Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model and will therefore potentially allow direct transfer of suitable control parameters obtained by the simulation of the SLIP model [3]. We have implemented the first prototype and conducted preliminary hopping experiments based on energy-efficient hopping at optimal frequency in human experiment [1]. We measured the ground reaction force and electrical power consumption of the module over a range of hopping frequencies. Our results suggest that the leg driven at its optimal frequency is more dynamic and energy efficient. The externally measured ground reaction forces are very consistent with the results obtained in [1].
Simulation of Ridesourcing Using Agent-Based Demand and Supply Regional Models: Potential Market Demand for First-Mile Transit Travel and Reduction in Vehicle Miles Traveled in the San Francisco Bay Area

In this study, the authors use existing modeling tools and data from the San Francisco Bay Area (California) to understand the potential market demand for a “first” mile transit access service and possible reductions in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) (and thus GHGs) at both the regional and station level. The authors develop a project scenario that targets commuters who drive alone but could take rail (Bay Area Rapid Transit, or BART) to work. The authors use travel time, cost, and distance data from San Francisco Bay Area travel models, Google and BART APIs, and TNC fares to explore the magnitude of change in overall travel time and cost for travelers who switch from driving alone to using TNC and BART to travel to work. The analysis indicates that 31% of the identified drive-alone trips could reduce generalized costs (travel time and monetary costs) by switching to TNC and BART. If all travelers who could benefit from traveling by TNC and BART, did in fact switch from drive-alone travel, about 40 thousand new BART trips could be generated and over a half a million miles of VMT avoided during the morning commute period. Most of these trips experienced relatively high levels of cost and VMT savings, which may be more likely to motivate behavioral change. Examination of cost savings by income level and vehicle availability suggests that the new service is more likely to benefit lower income households with fewer vehicles. Sensitivity analyses indicate that even with increased TNC fares and waiting times, there is still a relatively large number of trips that could benefit from switching from driving to TNC and BART. Tests of a shared TNC BART access service suggest cost savings and VMT reductions even when travel time costs increase by 60%. Analysis of benefits by station indicate locations with relatively high market potential (i.e., trips and cost saving) and environmental benefits (VMT reduction) for early pilot implementation. These results can be used to estimate potential TNC fare subsidies to increase performance by station to achieve project objectives, such as equitable access, increased BART ridership, and reduced VMT. View the NCST Project Webpage
Voltammetric and Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of Ketoconazole anti-fungal agent with Bovine Serum Albumin

The interaction between Ketaconazole (KTZ) an anti-fungal drug, and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by voltammetric methods such as cyclic and Differential Pulse Voltammetry and different spectroscopic methods such as UV/visible spectrophotometry, spectroflourimetry and viscometric method were used to study the process. The voltammetric study of KTZ on GCE, the anodic peak was appeared at 0.667 V versus SCE corresponding peak current is -2.202×10 -6 A. The anodic peak currents were drastically decreased in the presence of BSA. The peak potential shift towards negative direction in CV and DPV suggested an electrostatic interaction, whereas Fluorescence spectra suggested that the quenching mechanism of the interaction of BSA to KTZ was a static quenching type. By the analysis of UV/Vis spectra, it was observed that KTZ had a high affinity with BSA which was indicated by the large binding constant.
Reactive oxygen species, but not Ca overloading, trigger pH- and mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent death of adult rat myocytes after ischemia-reperfusion

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August 1, 2007; 293 (2): H928-H938. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Knight, A. Stephanou, D. S. Latchman and A. P. Halestrap P. A. Townsend, S. M. Davidson, S. J. Clarke, I. Khaliulin, C. J. Carroll, T. M. Scarabelli, R. A. indirectly by reducing oxidative stress Urocortin prevents mitochondrial permeability transition in response to reperfusion injury [PDF] [Full Text] , September 13, 2007; 357 (11): 1121-1135. N. Engl. J. Med. D. M. Yellon and D. J. Hausenloy Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
The infrared absorption band at 3596 cm-1 of the recrystallized quartz from Mt. Takamiyama, southwest Japan

Abstract Micro-FTIR (MFTIR) measurements were carried out on the natural recrystallized quartz in Ryoke granites from Mt. Takamiyama. The recrystallized quartz always shows a very strong IR absorption band at 3596 cm-1 (2.10 abs. cm-1 (normalized absorbance) under unpolarized conditions at room temperature). However, naturally deformed quartz does not show this absorption band, but only a characteristic broad band centred at 3400 cm-1. This shows that the predominant forms of H-related species in the recrystallized quartz are different from those in naturally deformed quartz. The 3596 cm-1 band is not affected by room-temperature X-ray irradiation or by annealing at temperatures of up to 600°C, and shows broadening and a positive peak shift with temperature in in situ high temperature measurements. Polarized-MFTIR measurement shows that the band has a strong polarization; the OH dipole is oriented at 35° to the a-axis in the (101̄0) plane and is isotropically distributed in the (0001) plane. From the stability of the band at high temperatures and against irradiation and its sharpness, the band is considered to be due to the Al(H) type point defect with no alkali which might occupy a structural position in the quartz structure.