Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Valuation Anchors and Premium Multiples

This study proposes a previously unexplored approach to the valuation of equity using accounting numbers. The valuation is carried out in two steps. First, a valuation anchor is provided by book value of equity or capitalized earnings. Second, a multiple based on a value driver of comparable firms, where the value driver might differ from the item that is used to provide the anchor, provides an estimate of the premium over the value anchor. The innovation of this approach is that it develops the widely-used multiples-based valuation approach to permit the incorporation of a company-specific anchor. We examine the valuation performance of this approach, by reference to the mean squared valuation error and bias and "explainability" components thereof. We find that, although our proposed approach outperforms most standard valuation approaches, it does not outperform the approach based on the simple price-toforward-earnings multiple. Valuation Anchors and Premium Multiples
Diffusion Limited Deposition 2 1 Introduction Motivation

We propose a simple model of columnar growth through diffusion limited aggregation (DLA). Consider a graph GN × N, where the basis has N vertices GN := {1, . , N}, and two vertices (x, h) and (x′, h′) are adjacent if |h − h′| ≤ 1. Consider there a simple random walk coming from infinity which deposits on a growing cluster as follows: the cluster is a collection of columns, and the height of the column first hit by the walk immediately grows by one unit. Thus, columns do not grow laterally. We prove that there is a critical time scale N/ log(N) for the maximal height of the piles, i.e., there exist constants α < β such that the maximal pile height at time αN/ log(N) is of order log(N), while at time βN/ log(N) is larger than Nχ. This suggests that a monopolistic regime starts at such a time and only the highest pile goes on growing. If we rather consider a walk whose height-component goes down deterministically, the resulting ballistic deposition has maximal height of order log(N) at time N . These two deposition models, diffusive and ballistic, are also compared with uniform random allocation and Polya’s urn. AMS 2010 subject classifications: 60K35, 82B24, 60J45.
Systemic inflammation in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with metabolic syndrome

Context: India has 18% of the global population and an increasing burden of chronic respiratory diseases. The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (MS) was found to be as high as 39.7% among Indian population. Metabolic syndrome is found to be more common in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) when compared to the general population. This study was done to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD and the association of systemic inflammation in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome. Methodology: This study enrolled 150 consecutive consenting patients of stable COPD attending the outpatient pulmonology department. Detailed history, clinical examination, spirometry, and relevant routine laboratory investigations including complete blood count, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were done. In addition, hsCRP, Serum lactate and Vitamin D level was assessed in all patients. Diagnosis of COPD and Metabolic syndrome was done according to GOLD guidelines, 2018 and the International Diabetes Federation criteria respectively. Result: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 27.3% in our COPD patients. The frequency of metabolic syndrome in GOLD stage I, II, III, and IV was 75%, 32%, 17%, and 13.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship of blood leucocyte count (OR = 0.342, CI = 0.171-0.686), hs-CRP (OR = 0.020, CI = 0.003-0.122), pack years (OR = 1.083, CI = 1.026-1.14) and vitamin D levels (OR = 1.219, CI = 1.093-1.359) with metabolic syndrome in COPD patients. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a co-morbidity that is very often overlooked in patients of COPD. Systemic inflammation which is a common characteristic of both COPD and Metabolic syndrome has been found to be an important contributor towards cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
ZnT8 Haploinsufficiency Impacts MIN6 Cell Zinc Content and β-Cell Phenotype via ZIP-ZnT8 Coregulation

The zinc transporter ZnT8 (SLC30A8) localises to insulin secretory granules of β-cells where it facilitates zinc uptake for insulin crystallisation. ZnT8 abundance has been linked to β-cell survival and functional phenotype. However, the consequences of ZnT8 haploinsufficiency for β-cell zinc trafficking and function remain unclear. Since investigations in human populations have shown SLC30A8 truncating polymorphisms to decrease the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes, we hypothesised that ZnT8 haploinsufficiency would improve β-cell function and maintain the endocrine phenotype. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate ZnT8 haploinsufficient mouse MIN6 β-cells and showed that ZnT8 haploinsufficiency is associated with downregulation of mRNAs for Slc39a8 and Slc39a14, which encode for the zinc importers, Znt- and Irt-related proteins 8 (ZIP8) and 14 (ZIP14), and with lowered total cellular zinc content. ZnT8 haploinsufficiency disrupts expression of a distinct array of important β-cell markers, decreases cellular proliferation via mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades and downregulates insulin gene expression. Thus, ZnT8 cooperates with zinc importers of the ZIP family to maintain β-cell zinc homeostasis. In contrast to the hypothesis, lowered ZnT8 expression reduces MIN6 cell survival by affecting zinc-dependent transcription factors that control the β-cell phenotype.
Deriving Low Power Test Sequences Detecting Robust Testable PDFs

New approach to deriving low power test sequences that detects robust testable PDFs in logical circuits is suggested. Decreasing power consumption is provided by decreasing the number of switches during testing and cutting the sequence length. The approach is based on finding all test pairs consisting of neighbor Boolean vectors for a circuit path. The test pairs are compactly represented by the proper ROBDD. Each pair of neighbor Boolean vectors generates three neighbor Boolean vectors that detect robust testable PDF for both rising and falling transitions. Current approaches are oriented to finding if only one test pair for rising (falling)transition of a circuit path. Applying all test pairs and using intersections of ROBDDs representing these pairs we provide addition facilities to cut power consumption of the test sequences and their lengths. Different algorithms of deriving the test sequences are suggested. Experimental results demonstrate high quality of the test sequences.
THE DETERMINANTS OF INFLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH : A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN ( 2002-2010 )

Attempt is made to identify the determinants of fresh inflation in Pakistan. Specific objectives are, to find out the relationship between inflation, Interest Rate and Money Supply; analyze policies of the State Bank of Pakistan and the tools it is using to control inflation. Literature Review shows that the expansionary economic policies of the government and of the central bank (State Bank of Pakistan – SBP), which on one hand resulted in remarkable economic performance, but on the other hand stirred a rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Some experts make fiscal or monetary policies responsible for, while others blamed it as an imported inflation, administered prices or mismanagement and weak control of the government. Non-contrived convenient random sampling Method was used in survey to collect data from State Bank of Pakistan, National Bank of Pakistan and Statistical and planning division of Pakistan. An econometric framework was used to focuses on the detection of the main determinants of recent inflation trends. The analytical result indicated by applying Regression model method and SPSS tool on collected data from the July 2002 to Feb 2010, suggest that in the long-run inflation is not only related to Interest Rate but also with supply of money. Hence, the findings imply that the Interest rate has a greater impact on the inflation in Pakistan.
The Application of Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling to the Maternal Brain: Implications for Mother-Infant Bonding.

Maternal bonding early postpartum lays an important foundation for child development. Changing brain structure and function during pregnancy and postpartum may underscore maternal bonding. We employed connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to measure brain functional connectivity and predict self-reported maternal bonding in mothers at 2 and 8 months postpartum. At 2 months, CPM predicted maternal anxiety in the bonding relationship: Greater integration between cerebellar and motor-sensory-auditory networks and between frontoparietal and motor-sensory-auditory networks were associated with more maternal anxiety toward their infant. Furthermore, greater segregation between the cerebellar and frontoparietal, and within the motor-sensory-auditory networks, was associated with more maternal anxiety regarding their infant. We did not observe CPM prediction of maternal bonding impairments or rejection/anger toward the infant. Finally, considering 2 and 8 months of data, changes in network connectivity were associated with changes in maternal anxiety in the bonding relationship. Our results suggest that changing connectivity among maternal brain networks may provide insight into the mother-infant bond, specifically in the context of anxiety and the representation of the infant in the mother's mind. These findings provide an opportunity to mechanistically investigate approaches to enhance the connectivity of these networks to optimize the representational and behavioral quality of the caregiving relationship.
REAL TIME SCAL QUALITY CONTROL: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

Core analysis data acquired by commercial vendors generate crucial input for static and dynamic reservoir models. Safeguarding the value of these investments demands assurance of the quality of the data generated in the laboratory. Historically however, the lack of both reported experimental information and systematic approaches to laboratory data analyses have contributed to significant uncertainty in reservoir model parameters. This paper presents a methodology based on a simple 2 2 full factorial Design of Experiments (DoE) to systematically evaluate the different experimental factors, and interactions between these factors, that can affect the estimation of the electrical properties parameters from lab data. The methodology proposed is presented through an example of a Quality Control (QC) evaluation of formation factor, porosity compaction, and multiple salinity tests Co-Cw raw data used to estimate Archie and intrinsic cementation factor ‘m’ and ‘m*’ as part of a special core analysis lab (SCAL) programme for a gas reservoir. The selection of an adequate sleeve conformance pressure (SCP) value and brine resistivity (Rw) variability as a function of formation water salinity (FWS) were the two factors analysed to evaluate their potential effect on the estimation of ‘m’ and ‘m*’. A statistical correlation model for ‘m’ found for this particular data set and based on the factors analysed, provides a design space for ‘m’ which gives the final user a better idea of the range in which ‘m’ can fluctuate based on the factors analysed as well as the associated experimental uncertainties. The statistical model obtained for intrinsic cementation factor ‘m*’ is limited by the experimental data available but could be improved by running a central composite experimental design to determine the effect of multiple factors instead of two. This QC approach assumes that the variability in the estimated values of m and m* are due to experimental factors, and not to inherent factors to the rock sample, which should be taken into account during the interpretation of the final QC data set containing m and m*.
Harmonic measure for biased random walk in a supercritical Galton–Watson tree

We consider random walks $\lambda$-biased towards the root on a Galton-Watson tree, whose offspring distribution $(p_k)_{k\geq 1}$ is non-degenerate and has finite mean $m>1$. In the transient regime $0<\lambda<m$, the loop-erased trajectory of the biased random walk defines the $\lambda$-harmonic ray, whose law is the $\lambda$-harmonic measure on the boundary of the Galton-Watson tree. We answer a question of Lyons, Pemantle and Peres by showing that the $\lambda$-harmonic measure has a.s. strictly larger Hausdorff dimension than the visibility measure, which is the harmonic measure corresponding to the simple forward random walk. We also prove that the average number of children of the vertices along the $\lambda$-harmonic ray is a.s. bounded below by $m$ and bounded above by $m^{-1}\sum k^2 p_k$. Moreover, at least for $0<\lambda \leq 1$, the average number of children of the vertices along the $\lambda$-harmonic ray is a.s. strictly larger than that of the $\lambda$-biased random walk trajectory. We observe that the latter is not monotone in the bias parameter $\lambda$.
The Dimension of Food Souvenir: An Exploratory-Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Food souvenirs as the tangible reminder that encounters the travelling experience are considered as an essential element in the tourism industry. However, the studies exploring the dimension of food souvenirs, are limited, and most of them applying single factor analysis, either exploratory or confirmatory. In response to the identified gap, this research scrutinizes the aspects of food souvenirs by utilizing a mixed method of exploratoryconfirmatory factor analysis. The data was collected from 252 domestic tourists in Bandung, Indonesia. The exploratory factor analysis test identifies four dimensions of food souvenirs: tangible, brand and packaging, value, food quality. Although confirming the food souvenir dimension, the confirmatory factor analysis notes that the elements of the dimensions are different from that identified in exploratory factor analysis. Besides offering a theoretical understanding on the food souvenirs dimension, this study extends our understanding of a methodological issue that the exploratory-confirmatory factor analysis offers a better explanation on the food souvenir dimension compared to that of single factor analysis.
Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates present in tap water of public toilets

Abstract Background The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India. Methods Water samples from the taps of the public toilets were collected in sterile containers and physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was performed using standard methods. Also, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterial isolates was performed using different biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics based on their mode of action. A biofilm assay was performed to assess the adhesion potential of the isolates. Results A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified from the water samples, including Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas sp. RR013, Pseudomonas sp. RR021, Pseudomonas sp. RR022, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the antibiotics cefodroxil, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ceftazidime and amoxyclav were found to be mostly ineffective against various isolates. The biofilm assay revealed the weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers among them. Conclusions The tap water in the public toilets was microbially contaminated and needs to be monitored carefully. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that of 25 bacterial isolates, 5 were multidrug resistant. Bacterial isolates exhibited strong to weak adhesion potential in the biofilm assay.
Community privacy estimation method based on key node method in space social Internet of Things

Based on the research of social network and the Internet of Things, a new research topic in the field of Internet of Things, Social Internet of Things is gradually formed. The SIoT applies the research results of SIoT from different aspects of the Internet of Things, and solves the specific problems in the research of Internet of Things, which brings new opportunities for the development of the Internet of Things. With the development of the Internet of Things technology, in the spatial social Internet of Things structure, user information includes sensitive attributes and non-sensitive attribute information. This information can be inferred from public user information to infer the information of the private user and even speculate on sensitive attributes. This article proposes an information speculation method based on the core users of spatial social networks, and estimates the non-core user information through the core user public information. First, the user’s spatial social network is divided into communities, and the core nodes of the community in the spatial social network are calculated by PageRank algorithm and the convergence of the algorithm is proved. Then, through the public information of the core nodes divided by the community in the space social network, the private information of relevant users to these core nodes can be speculated. Finally, by experimental analyzing the community structures of SIoT (Social Internet of Things) like Twitter, Sina Weibo, ER random networks, and NW small-world network, and making 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% information anonymous respectively in these four kinds of networks, we can analyze their clustering coefficient, Q-modularity and properties. Finally, the key node information of the four spatial social structures is speculated to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the non-core speculation method, this method has advantages in speculative information integrity and time.
The influence of speed ofintegration on M&A integration Success

Despite the importance of the dimension of time in the world of competitive strategy, only a few researches have focused on the issue of the speed of the integration (SOI) in the process of merger/acquisition (M&A) and its impact on the deal-success. This article focused on the issue of speed of integration and its impact on the integration effectiveness and the success of the M&A. This impact changes depending on the combination of a number of variables such as the main reason of the acquisition, the type of acquisition, the characteristics of the companies involved in the acquisition, and the selected integration approach. Therefore, every acquirer has to pay attention to the SOI variable and to adjust the optimal speed to the specific acquisition scenario.
Blocking of Impacts of Single Ionizing Particles by CMOS C-Element in Two-Phase Systems

The work presents the TCAD simulation of the 65 nm bulk CMOS C-element as resistant to the single-event transients. The charge collection from a track of a single nuclear particle simulates in impacted on drain regions of the transistors, which leads to the error pulses in the output of 2-phase inverters and C-element. The TCAD simulation used the tracks along the normal to the chip. The linear energy transfer from a particle to the track is 60 MeV.cm2/mg.
On the (Methodological) Future of Law and Economics. The Uneasy Burden of Value Judgments and Normativity

Abstract Taking as its starting-point Guido Calabresi’s latest book – The Future of Law and Economics – the present article aims to explore the often neglected issue of value judgments and normativity in Law and Economics. I will show the importance of enquiring Calabresi’s methodological distinction between Law and Economics and Economic Analysis of Law and the related bilateralism thesis in order to understand the problematic relationship between methodological value judgments and ethical value judgments, the ‘distance’ between Calabresi and Posner and the problematic notion of reformism. Then I will try to introduce a different notion of normativity. I will also show the existence of an unresolved tension in Calabresi’s methodological discourse between a positive approach, which seems to be privileged in this book, and his insistence on the inevitability of value judgments in economic analysis. Finally, I clarify the reasons for the ‘ignorance’ of values by the economist by distinguishing between economists’ “lack of self-awareness”, economists’ idolatry and the economists’ lenses.
Peptidoglycan layer and disruption processes in Bacillus subtilis cells visualized using quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy

Peptidoglycan, which is the main component of the bacterial cell wall, is a heterogeneous polymer of glycan strands crosslinked with short peptides and is synthesized in cooperation with the cell division cycle. Although it plays a critical role in bacterial survival, its architecture is not well understood. Herein, we visualized the architecture of the peptidoglycan surface in Bacillus subtilis at the nanometer resolution, using quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy. Filamentous structures were observed on the entire surface of the cell, where filaments about 11-nm wide formed concentric circles on cell poles, filaments about 13-nm wide formed a circumferential mesh-like structure on the cylindrical part, and a “piecrust” structure was observed at the boundary. When growing cells were treated with lysozyme, the entire cell mass migrated to one side and came out from the cell envelope. Fluorescence labeling showed that lysozyme preferentially bound to a cell pole and cell division site, where the peptidoglycan synthesis was not complete. Ruffling of surface structures was observed during electron microscopy. When cells were treated with penicillin, the cell mass came out from a cleft around the cell division site. Outward curvature of the protoplast at the cleft seen using electron microscopy suggested that turgor pressure was applied as the peptidoglycan was not damaged at other positions. When muropeptides were depleted, surface filaments were lost while the rod shape of the cell was maintained. These changes can be explained on the basis of the working points of the chemical structure of peptidoglycan.