Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successes and Failures in the Implementation of Evidence-Based Guidelines for Clinical Practice

Background.The development and implementation of (evidence-based) clinical practice guidelines is one of the promising and effective tools for improving the quality of care. However, many guidelines are not used after dissemination. Implementation activities frequently produce only moderate improvement. It is important to study specific guideline programs in detail to learn from their successes and failures. Objectives.Experiences with more than 10 years of development and dissemination of clinical guidelines for family medicine in the Netherlands are presented in this paper. Results.More than 70 evidence-based guidelines have been set in a rigorous procedure and have been spread via a variety of strategies. Knowledge and acceptance of the guidelines in the target group is high. In particular, a multifaceted approach with written (scientific journal, support materials) and personal approaches (local consensus discussions, contact with colleagues, outreach visits by peers) seems to be effective in the dissemination. The guideline recommendations are followed in on average 67% of the decisions, but there is a large variation between different physicians and between different guidelines. Specific strategies designed to handle possible obstacles to implementation are needed to improve adherence. Specific implementation projects showed the importance of a “diagnostic analysis” of the target group and target setting before the start of the implementation. Conclusions.A program to implement a guideline should be well designed, well prepared, and preferably pilot tested before use. Such a program should be built into the normal channels and structures for improving care. More research into the details of implementation is needed to better understand the critical determinants of change in practice.
Iterative soft detection of cochannel signals using ant colony optimization

We propose an iterative soft multiuser detection technique for detecting multiple BPSK modulated cochannel signals in Rayleigh flat fading environments. Ant colony optimization is used to produce soft estimates of the transmitted signals. Our attention is focused on the challenging case of overloaded transmission, where there are fewer receive antennas than transmitted cochannel signals. Simulation results show our approach can achieve near maximum likelihood (ML) performance at significantly reduced complexity for critically loaded systems, and it continues to provide good performance under overloaded scenarios.
Pain symptoms of the spine and work ergonomics of people in south-eastern Poland.

INTRODUCTION Pain disorders of the spine are the most common causes of appointments with physiotherapists. It has been estimated that nine out of ten adults at least once in their lifetime experience spine pains and five out of ten working people have this kind of ailments a minimum once a year. OBJECTIVE The evaluation of the occurrence of spine pains in people who are professionally active with regards to obeying the rules of work ergonomics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research group has been composed of 100 people professionally active from south-eastern Poland. Their ages have been from 20 to 50 years (average age has been 35 years). In the research the authors' own survey and VAS scale have been used on which the surveyed person has marked the intensity of pain experience in the area of the spine. RESULTS Greater pain in the spine has been experienced by people who have never obeyed the rules of, among others, manual lifting and/or carrying the maximum load, lifting and carrying heavy objects, in their work. The lowest degree of pain has been experienced by those who obeyed the above-mentioned rules. CONCLUSIONS Assuming the incorrect body posture during the everyday activities and disobeying the rules of ergonomics resulting from lack of knowledge are crucial factors in the occurrence of spine pains. People who disobey rules of ergonomics experienced spine pain to a higher degree.
Are Prosocials Unique in Their Egalitarianism? The Pursuit of Equality in Outcomes Among Individualists

The present research aims to elucidate to what extent the motive to ensure equality in outcomes is general and to what extent it interacts with other important motives such as maximizing own or collective gains. Because individuals may have different considerations and motivations in decision-making situations, it is likely that people with a different social value orientation will respond differently to an unequal distribution of outcomes. Contrary to expectations, not only prosocials care about equality in outcomes. In Study 1, the authors found that individualists choose to forego personal gains, despite obvious selfish reasons to cooperate, when outcomes were distributed unequally. In a second experiment, this finding was replicated and shows that individualists, just as prosocials, demand equality in outcomes in interdependent situations. The studies suggest that typifying individualists as solely being concerned about enhancing personal outcomes is too limited and that fairness norms may trump social value orientation.
Spatially adaptive video restoration using truncated constrained least-squared filter

In this paper, an adaptive video restoration method is presented for removing spatially-varying blur using truncated constrained least-squared (TCLS) filter. The proposed method consists of two modules: i) spatially-varying blur estimation based on blur map optimization in temporally adjacent frames and ii) adaptive image restoration using TCLS filter according to the estimated blur parameters. The proposed method can restore a video without artifacts by estimating the optimal spatially varying blur map, and the use of the TCLS restoration filter enables fast video restoration. Experimental results show that the proposed method can better restore the test video by 1.2 times in the sense of peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).
Age-dependent residual tensile strains are present in the dura mater of rats

The objectives of this study were to determine whether residual tensile strains exist in the dura mater of mammals in vivo, and whether the strains are age-dependent. We made incisions in the parietal dura mater of immature and mature rats, and measured the retraction of the dura mater from each incision. We then used a finite-element model to calculate the strain present in the parietal dura mater of each rat. We found that age-dependent residual tensile strains are present in the dura mater of rats. The mean average residual strain of the immature rats was significantly larger than that of the mature rats (4.96±1.54% (s.d.) versus 0.39±0.13%, p<0.0001), with the mean strain calculated in the mature rats of the order of the minimum measurement that could be made using our experimental approach. In addition, in the immature rats mean residual strain in the longitudinal direction was significantly larger than mean residual strain in the transverse direction (6.11±3.62% versus 3.82±2.64%, p=0.0218). Our findings show that age-dependent residual tensile strains exist in the dura mater of rats. We speculate that these strains may reflect the rate and direction of cranial growth and may also influence cranial healing.
Reproductive rates in schizophrenic outpatients

We investigated the marriage rates, the reproductive rates and the marital reproductivity of schizophrenic outpatients in Japan. A total of 553 patients with DSM‐III‐R‐diagnosed schizophrenia at the Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched outpatients at surgical clinics of the same hospital. Our findings indicate that the reproductivity of schizophrenics is reduced, even though the sample consists of outpatient population and modern operational diagnostic criteria have been used. The marriage rate and reproductive rate of the schizophrenics were reduced, especially in men. The number of married men was significantly less than that of married women and the reduced marital reproductivity was found in women but not men. These findings indicate that the reduced reproductivity of men is accounted for largely by a reduced rate of marriage, and that in women is accounted for partly by lower rate of reproductivity within marriage.
NARROWBAND IMAGING OF ESCAPING LYMAN-CONTINUUM EMISSION IN THE SSA22 FIELD,

We present the results of an ultradeep, narrowband imaging survey for Lyman-continuum (LyC) emission at z ∼ 3 in the SSA22a field. We employ a custom narrowband filter centered at λ = 3640 Å (NB3640), which probes the LyC region for galaxies at z ⩾ 3.06. We also analyze new and archival NB4980 imaging tuned to the wavelength of the Lyα emission line at z = 3.09, and archival broadband B, V, and R images of the non-ionizing UV continuum. Our NB3640 images contain 26 z ⩾ 3.06 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) as well as a set of 130 Lyα emitters (LAEs), identified by their excess NB4980 flux relative to the BV continuum. Six LBGs and 28 LAEs are detected in the NB3640 image. LBGs appear to span a range of NB3640–R colors, while LAEs appear bimodal in their NB3640–R properties. We estimate average UV-to-LyC flux density ratios, corrected for foreground contamination and intergalactic medium absorption, finding 〈FUV/FLyC〉LBGcorr = 11.3+10.3 − 5.4, which implies an LBG LyC escape fraction fLyCesc ∼ 0.1, and 〈FUV/FLyC〉LAEcorr = 2.2+0.9 − 0.6. The strikingly blue LAE flux density ratios defy interpretation in terms of standard stellar population models. Assuming 〈FUV/FLyC〉LBGcorr applies down to L = 0.1L*, we estimate a galaxy contribution to the intergalactic hydrogen ionization rate that is consistent with independent estimates based on the Lyα forest opacity at z ≃ 3. If we assume that 〈FUV/FLyC〉LAEcorr holds at the faintest luminosities, the galaxy contribution significantly exceeds that inferred from the Lyα forest. We interpret our results in terms of a model where LyC photons escape over only ∼10%–20% of solid angle. When advantageously oriented, a galaxy will exhibit a low UV-to-LyC ratio, an effect enhanced for more compact galaxies. This model, however, does not adequately explain the extremely blue NB3640–R colors measured for some LAEs in our sample. Further follow-up study of these faint LAEs is crucial, given the potentially important contribution similar objects make to the process of reionization.
The Spatial Sorting and Matching of Skills and Firms

Using a matched employer-employee database for Italy we look at the spatial distribution of wages across provinces. This rich database allows us to contribute at opening the black box of agglomeration economies exploiting the micro dimension of the interaction among economic agents, both individuals and firms. We provide evidence that firm size and particularly skills are sorted across space, and explain a large portion of the spatial wage variation that could otherwise be attributed to aggregate proxies of agglomeration externalities. Our data further support the assortative matching hypothesis, that we show not to be driven by co-location of "good" workers and firms. Finally, we point out that this assortative matching is negatively related to local market size.
The interaction of body armor, low-intensity exercise, and hot-humid conditions on physiological strain and cognitive function.

OBJECTIVE This project was aimed at evaluating the impact of combat armor on physiological and cognitive functions during low-intensity exercise in hot-humid conditions (36 degrees C and 60% relative humidity). METHODS Nine males participated in three trials (2.5 hours), walking at two speeds and wearing different protective equipment: control (combat uniform and cloth hat); torso armor with uniform and cloth hat; and full armor (uniform, torso armor, and helmet). RESULTS As time progressed, core temperatures increased and deviated significantly among trials, rising at 0.37 degrees C h(-1) (control), 0.41 degrees C h(-1) (torso armor), and 0.51 degrees C h(-1) (full armor). Heart rates also progressively diverged, and subjects lost significantly more sweat during the two armored trials. However, cognitive-function tests revealed neither significant main effects nor time by treatment interactions. CONCLUSION The combat armor and helmet significantly increased thermal and cardiovascular strain, but these were unlikely to lead to either exertional heat illness or impaired cognitive function during uneventful urban, military patrols in hot-humid conditions.
The technique of synoviorthesis

Synoviorthesis (medical synovectomy) is a commonly utilized procedure employed in the management of recurrent intra‐articular bleeds and secondary chronic synovitis in haemophilic patients. The procedure involves the intra‐articular administration of an agent in order to induce fibrosis in the inflamed synovium so reducing the bleeding tendency. Such agents may either be chemical based (osmic acid, rifampicin) or radioactive (yttrium, gold or phosphorus). Whichever agent is employed care must be taken to avoid extra‐articular complications (radiation burn and/or inflammatory reaction) as a result of extravasation or needle track contamination. The most frequently affected joints in haemophilia are the elbows, knees and the ankles, and to a lesser extent the shoulders and hips. This article outlines the techniques of injection of the five aforementioned joints, with details of the anatomical landmarks to perform the injections correctly. Injection of the elbows, knees and ankles may be carried out simply on an out‐patient basis under local anaesthesia. However, it is advisable to perform injection of the shoulder or hip under radiographic control in order to ensure accurate placement. Very young children may require either sedation or a general anaesthetic. Strict asepsis is naturally a paramount requirement.
How Positive-Strand RNA Viruses Benefit from Autophagosome Maturation

ABSTRACT The autophagic degradation pathway is a powerful tool in the host cell arsenal against cytosolic pathogens. Contents trapped inside cytosolic vesicles, termed autophagosomes, are delivered to the lysosome for degradation. In spite of the degradative nature of the pathway, some pathogens are able to subvert autophagy for their benefit. In many cases, these pathogens have developed strategies to induce the autophagic signaling pathway while inhibiting the associated degradation activity. One surprising finding from recent literature is that some viruses do not impede degradation but instead promote the generation of degradative autolysosomes, which are the endpoint compartments of autophagy. Dengue virus, poliovirus, and hepatitis C virus, all positive-strand RNA viruses, utilize the maturation of autophagosomes into acidic and ultimately degradative compartments to promote their replication. While the benefits that each virus reaps from autophagosome maturation are unique, the parallels between the viruses indicate a complex relationship between cytosolic viruses and host cell degradation vesicles.
Continuous time bayesian network classifiers

Streaming data are relevant to finance, computer science, and engineering, while they are becoming increasingly important to medicine and biology. Continuous time Bayesian networks are designed for analyzing efficiently multivariate streaming data, exploiting the conditional independencies in continuous time homogeneous Markov processes. Continuous time Bayesian network classifiers are a specialization of continuous time Bayesian networks designed for multivariate streaming data classification when time duration of events matters and the class occurs in the future. Continuous time Bayesian network classifiers are presented and analyzed. Structural learning is introduced for this class of models when complete data are available. A conditional log-likelihood scoring is derived to improve the marginal loglikelihood structural learning on continuous time Bayesian network classifiers. The expectation maximization algorithm is developed to address the unsupervised learning of continuous time Bayesian network classifiers when the class is unknown. Performances of continuous time Bayesian network classifiers in the case of classification and clustering are analyzed with the help of a rich set of numerical experiments on synthetic and real data sets. Continuous time Bayesian network classifiers learned by maximizing marginal log-likelihood and conditional log-likelihood are compared with continuous time naive Bayes and dynamic Bayesian networks. Results show that the conditional log-likelihood scoring combined with Bayesian parameter estimation outperforms marginal log-likelihood scor-
What Works Best for Whom?: An Exploratory, Subgroup Analysis in a Randomized, Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of a Workplace Intervention in Low Back Pain Patients on Return to Work

Study Design. Exploratory subgroup analysis in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Objective. To detect possible moderators in the effectiveness of a workplace intervention in a population of workers with sick leave due to sub acute nonspecific low back pain. Summary of Background Data. In a recently published RCT, a workplace intervention was effective on return to work, compared to usual care. Examining the heterogeneity of effect sizes within the population in this RCT (n = 196) can lead to information on the effectiveness of the intervention in subgroups of patients. Methods. A subgroup analysis was performed by adding interaction terms to the statistical model. Before analysis the following possible moderators for treatment were identified: age, gender, pain, functional status, heavy work, and sick leave in the previous 12 months. Cox regression analyses were performed and survival curves were plotted. Results. The interaction (P = 0.02) between age (dichotomized at the median value) and the workplace intervention indicates a modifying effect. The workplaceintervention is more effective for workers ≥44 years (HR, 95% CI = 2.5, [1.6, 4.1] vs. 1.2 [0.8, 1.8] for workers <44 years old). The interaction between sick leave in the previous 12 months and the workplace intervention is significant (P = 0.02). The intervention is more effective for workers with previous sick leave (HR, 95% CI = 2.8 [1.7, 4.9] vs. 1.3 [0.8, 2.0]). A modifying effect of gender, heavy work, and pain score and functional status on the effectiveness of this intervention was not found. Conclusion. The findings from these exploratory analyses should be tested in future RCTs. This workplace intervention seems very suitable for return to work of older workers and workers with previous sick leave. Gender, perceived heavy work, and baseline scores in pain and functional status should not be a basis for assignment to this intervention.
Personality and Patterns of Facebook Usage

The gamut of the present study was to explore the relationship of Big Five with facebook usage among 200 students of Himachal Pradesh University (H.P.U) within the age range of 21-30 years with equal number of males and females. Data were analyzed in terms of Correlation analysis and Regression analysis. In males, extraversion explained the maximum variance (15%), followed by conscientiousness (5%), in all these variables have explained a variance of 20%. In females, agreeableness has explained the maximum variance (15%), followed by extraversion and conscientiousness; both explaining a variance of 5% each. On the whole, these variables have explained a total variance of 25% in females. The results have shown extraversion and conscientiousness as common variables in explaining the maximum
National study of the relation of primary care shortages to emergency department utilization.

BACKGROUND Emergency department (ED) visit volumes are increasing nationwide. OBJECTIVES To determine whether states with primary care shortages have higher rates of ED use. METHODS Populations residing in primary care shortage areas were abstracted from the Health Resources and Services Administration Geospatial Database. Annual ED visit volumes were available from the 2001 National ED Inventory. Population data and potential confounders were abstracted from federal data sets. All analyses were conducted at the state level. RESULTS Primary care shortage densities varied greatly across states, ranging from 3 (New Jersey) to 28 (Mississippi) medically underserved individuals per 100 people. States also varied in their annual ED visit densities, ranging from 23 visits (Hawaii) to 65 visits (Washington, DC) per 100 people. Of the 17 states in the top tertile for primary care shortage, 7 also were in the top tertile for ED visits. Primary care shortage density was positively associated with ED visit density. An increase of 10 medically underserved individuals per 100 people was associated with an annual increase of 4.2 ED visits per 100 people (p = 0.04). The association remained after controlling for six factors, with an increase of 10 medically underserved individuals per 100 people associated with an annual increase of 3.3 ED visits per 100 people (p = 0.04). Nevertheless, five states had high ED visit densities despite comparatively low primary care shortage densities (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont), whereas five others had low ED visit densities despite high primary care shortage densities (Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota). CONCLUSIONS A positive association between primary care shortage densities and ED visit densities was found. Although most states adhere to this pattern, some states do not. Further investigation of this dissociation may yield additional explanations for rising ED visit volumes.
High-Resolution Parameter Estimation Method to Identify Broken Rotor Bar Faults in Induction Motors

The classical multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method has been widely used in induction machine fault detection and diagnosis. This method can extract meaningful frequencies but cannot give accurate amplitude information of fault harmonics. In this paper, we propose a new frequency analysis of stator current to estimate fault-sensitive frequencies and their amplitudes for broken rotor bars (BRBs). The proposed method employs a frequency estimator, an amplitude estimator, and a fault decision module. The frequency estimator is implemented by a zoom technique and a high-resolution analysis technique known as the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques, which can extract frequencies accurately. For the amplitude estimator, a least squares estimator is derived to obtain amplitudes of fault harmonics, without frequency leakage. In the fault decision module, the fault diagnosis index from the amplitude estimator is used depending on the load conditions of the induction motors. The fault index and corresponding threshold are optimized by using the false alarm and detection probabilities. Experimental results obtained from induction motors show that the proposed diagnosis algorithm is capable of detecting BRB faults with an accuracy that is superior to the zoom-based MUSIC algorithm.
Basic concepts of active dispersionless metamaterial based on non-foster elements

Recently introduced concept of active non-Foster metamaterial is reviewed with an emphasis on the counter-intuitive background physics. A basic building block of this active metamaterial is an active ‘tank circuit’ that contains both conventional reactance and non-Foster negative reactance. It is shown that active metamaterial is stable if equivalent permittivity or permeability is arbitrarily small but positive number (ENZ or MNZ metamaterial). It is also shown that this metamaterial may be extremely broadband (several octaves) with almost no dispersion. The propagation within the operating band may support counter-intuitive superluminal phase and group velocities. However, causality is always preserved due to finite bandwidth of any realistic non-Foster element. Several illustrative examples of practical 1D and 2D active ENZ metamaterials developed at University of Zagreb are presented.