Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences in Family Bereavement

These case studies illustrate the stories of two families grieving the losses of their children. Some 42,000 infants and children die yearly in the United States, but there is a dearth of research for professionals to draw on when considering the family as the context for grieving the loss of a child. These narratives illustrate the identity crisis the family as whole goes through after the death of a child—the sense of parental duty, the need for communication, and the goal of reunification of the family unit. These stories also provide direction for further research with bereaved families.
Los pacientes sangran historias: Un enfoque narrativo para disminuir los desencuentros clínicos

El paradigma clinico en el ambito actual de los servicios sanitarios y de salud mental tiende a estar enfocada en “resultados” y “soluciones”. Esto y que los psiquiatras, psicologos, medicos y otros profesionales sanitarios tienden a carecer del auto–conocimiento necesario, llevan, a menudo, a desencuentros con el paciente. Como alternativa, en este articulo, se ofrece una metodologia por la que puede aumentar la eficacia del trabajo terapeutico en la consulta de salud mental o medica. A traves del uso de la narrativa, vemos que el paciente puede comenzar a definir y construir su nueva identidad. Tambien, gracias a este enfoque, el profesional, comprende mejor al paciente y a si mismo, facilitando una relacion terapeutica mas eficaz y satisfactoria.
Martian floods at Cerberus Fossae can be produced by groundwater discharge

Young flood channels emanate from Cerberus Fossae, Mars. In order to determine whether subsurface aquifers can discharge water sufficiently fast to explain these flood features, I develop a model that couples groundwater flow in a sub‐cryosphere aquifer with flow through a fissure that penetrates from the surface to the aquifer. The model is constrained by estimates of peak discharge, and the distance water flowed uphill from the fissure. Aquifer permeabilities similar to those of young basalt aquifers on the Earth, ∼10−9 m2, can produce inferred discharges of 106 m3/s [ Burr et al., 2002a ] but probably require multiple floods to create the channels.
Convergence and Collision Avoidance in Formation Control: A Survey of the Artificial Potential Functions Approach

Multi-agent Robots Systems (MARS) can be defined as sets of autonomous robots coordinated through a communication system to achieve cooperative tasks. During the last 20 years, MARS have found a wide range of applications in terrestrial, spatial and oceanic explorations emerging as a new research area (Cao et al. (1997)). Some advantages can be obtained from the collective behavior of MARS. For instance, the kind of tasks that can be accomplished are inherently more complex than those a single robot can accomplish. Also, the system becomes more flexible and fault-tolerant (Yamaguchi (2003)). The range of applications includes toxic residues cleaning, transportation and manipulation of large objects, alertness and exploration, searching and rescue tasks and simulation of biological entities behaviors (Arai et al. (2002)). The study ofMARS extends the classical problems of single robotswith new issues likemotion coordination, task decomposition and task assignment, network communications, searching and mapping, etc. Therefore, the study of MARS encompass distributed systems, artificial intelligence, game theory, biology, ethology, economics, control theory, etc. Motion coordination is an important research area of MARS, specifically formation control (Chen & Wang (2005)). The main goal is to coordinate a group of mobile agents or robots to achieve a desired formation pattern avoiding inter-agent collisions at the same time. The formation strategies are decentralized because it is assumed that every agent measures the position of a certain subset of agents and, eventually, it detects the position of other agents when a minimal allowed distance is violated and collision danger appears. Thus, the main intention is to achieve desired global behaviors through local interactions (Francis et al. (2004)). Also, the decentralized approaches offer greater autonomy for the robots, less computational load in control implementations and its applicability to large scale groups (Do (2007)). According to Desai (2002); Muhammad & Egerstedt (2004), the possible inter-agent communications and the desired relative position of every agent with respect to the others can be represented by a FormationGraph (FG). The application of different FG’s to the same group of robots produces different dynamics on the team behavior. In the literature, some special FG topologies are chosen and the convergence to the desired formation and non-collision is analyzed for any number of robots. A decentralized formation strategy must comply with two fundamental requirements: Global convergence to the desired formation and inter-agent collision avoidance (Cao et al. (1997)). 6
Increase in rat aortic endothelial free calcium mediated by metabolically sensitive calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the relationship between cellular metabolism and intracellular [Ca2+] in vascular endothelial cells, focusing on the timing, mechanism, and reversibility of intracellular [Ca2+] changes resulting from ATP depletion. METHODS Cultured rat aortic endothelial monolayers were loaded with indo-1 and exposed for 30 min to: (1) glucose-free buffer, (2) 10 mM deoxyglucose or iodoacetic acid (0.1 or 2.5 mM) to inhibit glycolysis, or (3) 2 mM NaCN to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation with or without glucose. In other experiments, the pH sensitive fluorescent indicator SNARF-1 was used to assess the relationship between observed changes in [Ca2+] and pH. RESULTS While glucose deprivation resulted in a minor increase in [Ca2+], glycolytic inhibition resulted in a larger, slowly developing, sustained increase in [Ca2+]. Endothelial [Ca2+] was not affected by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation alone, whereas a rapid, sustained, and largely reversible increase (approximately 102 nM) occurred when NaCN exposure was combined with glucose deprivation. The increase in [Ca2+] during glucose-free NaCN exposure was not altered when calcium influx was prevented by removal of extracellular calcium, but was abolished following depletion of an intracellular calcium store by the endoplasmic reticular Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. In SNARF-1 loaded monolayers, inhibition of glycolysis with iodoacetic acid decreased intracellular pH by 0.33(SEM 0.10) units whereas inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of glucose increased intracellular pH by 0.17(0.05) units. While these divergent pH changes were noted, [Ca2+] increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A metabolically sensitive endoplasmic reticular calcium store is rapidly and reversibly released in vascular endothelial cells. Endothelial [Ca2+] is shown to be dependent on glycolytic energy production. In the endothelial cell, brief periods of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of glucose rapidly affect intracellular calcium pools rather than leading to calcium influx due to non-specific cellular damage. Effects on intracellular pH alone cannot account for the changes in [Ca2+].
Analysis of the Risk Factors Associated with Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Techniques: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Study, with Emphasis on the Reduced Risk of Acute Pancreatitis with Low-Dose Anticoagulation Treatment

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The aim of the present study was to analyze the risk factors associated with complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). PATIENTS AND METHODS In all consecutive endoscopic sphincterotomies carried out between September 1994 and December 1996, the possible risk factors (12 patient-related factors and 12 procedure-related ones), as well as the concomitant medical treatment, indications, techniques, and success of endoscopic sphincterotomy were evaluated prospectively. Risk factors were analyzed on an exploratory basis using univariate methods. "Potential risk factors" (univariate, P<0.1) underwent multivariate analysis to determine independent "risk factors" (multivariate, P<0.05). In addition, the complication rate was calculated according to the number of potential risk factors present. RESULTS A total of 438 patients who underwent ES were analyzed. Complications occurred in 7.5% (n = 33; acute pancreatitis 4.3%, hemorrhage 2.3 %, cholangitis 0.9%, technical 0.2%). Statistical analysis of the complications identified three independent risk factors (coagulopathy, patient age (< or =60 years, pancreas divisum), and one protective factor (pancreatic duct obstruction). The frequency of acute pancreatitis was increased by two independent risk factors (pancreas divisum, ES frequency <40 procedures/year) and was reduced if low-dose anticoagulation (unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin) was administered (0.9%, one of 115 vs. 5.8%, 18 of 313; P<0.05). The effect of anticoagulation was not confounded by the presence or absence of other potential risk factors for acute pancreatitis. Neither the risk nor the severity of hemorrhage were increased by low-dose anticoagulation. Due to the low number of events, only potential risk factors for hemorrhage were identified (coagulopathy, intensive-care treatment). The overall complication rate and the incidence of pancreatitis and hemorrhage increased significantly depending on the number of simultaneous potential risk factors present (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients at risk for complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy can be identified by risk factor analysis. These data suggest the hypothesis that low-dose anticoagulation prior to endoscopic sphincterotomy reduces the risk of acute pancreatitis after sphincterotomy.
The Effect of Food Stamps on Children’s Health

The Food Stamp program is currently one of the largest safety net programs in the United States and is especially important for families with children. The existing evidence on the effects of Food Stamps on children’s and families’ outcomes is limited. I utilize a large, recent source of quasi-experimental variation—changes in documented immigrants’ eligibility across states and over time from 1996–2003—to estimate the effect of Food Stamps on children’s health. I find loss of parental eligibility has large effects on program receipt, and an additional year of parental eligibility before age five improves health outcomes at ages 6–16.
Metabolic effects of overnight continuous infusion of unacylated ghrelin in humans.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the metabolic effects of an overnight i.v. infusion of unacylated ghrelin (UAG) in humans. UAG exerts relevant metabolic actions, likely mediated by a still unknown ghrelin receptor subtype, including effects on β-cell viability and function, insulin secretion and sensitivity, and glucose and lipid metabolism. DESIGN We studied the effects of a 16-h infusion (from 2100 to 1300 h) of UAG (1.0 μg/kg per h) or saline in eight normal subjects (age (mean±s.e.m.), 29.6±2.4 years; body mass index (BMI), 22.4±1.7 kg/m(2)), who were served, at 2100 and 0800 h respectively, with isocaloric balanced dinner and breakfast. Glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured every 20 min. RESULTS In comparison with saline, UAG induced significant (P<0.05) changes in glucose, insulin, and FFA profiles. UAG infusion decreased glucose area under the curve (AUC) values by 10% (UAG(0 - 960 min): 79.0±1.7×10(3) mg/dl per min vs saline(0- 960 min): 87.5±3.8×10(3) mg/dl per min) and the AUC at night by 14% (UAG(180)(-)(660 min): 28.4±0.5×10(3) mg/dl per min vs saline(180 - 660 min): 33.2±1.1×10(3) mg/dl per min). The overall insulin AUC was not significantly modified by UAG infusion; however, insulin AUC observed after meals was significantly increased under the exposure to UAG with respect to saline at either dinner or breakfast. The FFA AUC values were decreased by 52% under the exposure to UAG in comparison with saline (UAG(0 - 960 min): 0.3±0.02×10(3) mEq/l per min vs saline(0 - 960 min): 0.6±0.05×10(3) mEq/l per min). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to the i.v. administration of UAG improves glucose metabolism and inhibits lipolysis in healthy volunteers. Thus, in contrast to the diabetogenic action of AG, UAG displays hypoglycemic properties.
EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE INVOLVEMENT OF 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN THE LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY AMPHETAMINE OR TRANYLCYPROMINE PLUS l‐DOPA

1 Pretreatment of rats with p‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 2 × 200 mg/kg) decreased the concentration of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in the brain. It also decreased the locomotor activity produced by tranylcypromine plus l‐DOPA administration 24 h after the second dose of PCPA. 2 Pretreatment with p‐chloroamphetamine, which produced a similar decrease in brain 5‐HT concentrations did not decrease the locomotor response to tranylcypromine and l‐DOPA. 3 PCPA pretreatment decreased the rise in the concentration of DOPA and dopamine in the brain following tranylcypromine and l‐DOPA, suggesting its effect on the dopamine‐induced locomotor activity was the result of this drug diminishing dopamine formation in the brain, probably by inhibiting l‐DOPA uptake. 4 The locomotor activity produced by tranylcypromine and L‐DOPA was not decreased by pretreatment 6 h earlier with disulfiram (400 mg/kg). This argues against the locomotor activity being due to noradrenergic stimulation. 5 PCPA pretreatment did not alter amphetamine‐induced stereotypy or the circling behaviour in unilateral nigro‐striatal lesioned rats.
DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Mutations in Clinical Isolates of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis Resistant to Fluoroquinolones

ABSTRACT Twelve clinical isolates of Ureaplasma spp. and one isolate of Mycoplasma hominis were examined for resistance to fluoroquinolones. Previously described mutations at positions 83 and 95 in GyrA (Escherichia coli numbering) and positions 80 and 87 in ParC were found. Unusual alterations were described at positions ParC 123 and 134.
The dental caries experience of 12-year-old children in the United Kingdom. Surveys coordinated by the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry in 1996/97.

DESIGN This paper reports the results of standardised clinical caries examinations of 129,941 twelve-year-old children from across the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man. These 1996/97 coordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. METHOD The criteria and conventions of the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry were used. Representative samples were drawn from participating health authorities and boards and caries was diagnosed at the caries into dentine (D3) threshold using a visual method without radiography or fibre-optic transillumination. RESULTS These demonstrated once again a wide variation in prevalence across the United Kingdom, with mean values for D3MFT for the current English 'regions' (of the National Health Service) and the other UK 'territories' ranging from 0.66 in Thames South to 2.55 in Northern Ireland. The mean value for D3MFT across the United Kingdom was 1.13 (D3T = 0.48, MT = 0.10, FT = 0.54). Overall, 44% of children had evidence of caries experience at the dentinal level of detection (D3MFT > 0), although the means ranged between 31% (Thames South) and 72% (Northern Ireland). The mean D3MFT for those with disease at this threshold was 2.55. Trends over time demonstrate an improvement of 15% in overall D3MFT for Great Britain since 1992/93, compared to the 20% seen over the previous four year period. Over recent years the overall trend in this age group seems to be towards lower values. However, there has been no improvement in either mean DT or mean MT since 1992/93, while FT and care index have fallen. The number of fillings provided in 1996/97 and thus the care index, remain low, on average across the UK, only 48% of the dentinal caries experience identified by survey examinations of permanent teeth was seen as fillings (range in individual districts and boards: 27 to 76). CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings demonstrate the continuing need for more effective preventive strategies and treatment services for this important age group.
Exercise and energy metabolism.

Most of the energy required for muscle contraction is generated by the splitting of ATP. Catabolism of carbohydrates to pyruvate and lactate by glycolysis (anaerobic) produces ATP needed during exercise of high intensity and short duration but the energy release is incomplete. The first step in the release of the remaining energy is the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA which is also formed from the oxidation of fatty acids particularly during sustained exercise. Acetyl-CoA is next oxidized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle producing the reduced forms of pyridine and flavin nucleotides. The hydrogens of the reduced nucleotides are transported in the form of electrons through the electron transport (respiratory) chain to molecular O2 to form H2O. The resulting free energy change is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. Enzymes of fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiration are located inside mitochondria. Energy status of cells can be described by the relative concentrations of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) since the nucleotides act as allosteric modifiers of several key enzymes of energy metabolism. Energy is expended to synthesize and store fuel nutrients in utilizable forms (glycogen, triglycerides and proteins) and to maintain the storage forms in a dynamic steady state. The energy cost of such postprandial metabolic processes is defined as the "thermic" effect of food. Storage of dietary carbohydrates as adipose tissue triglycerides expends more energy than that of dietary fats. Overfeeding of certain individuals is known to burn more energy over and above that expected from the "thermic" effect and the process is referred to as "luxus consumption. "(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digitally tunable channel dropping filter/equalizer based on waveguide grating router and optical amplifier integration

We demonstrate a novel and powerful device that permits individual and simultaneous control of all the wavelength channels in a WDM system. The device is based on the monolithic integration of two identical waveguide grating routers with semiconductor optical amplifiers. By biasing appropriately the individual amplifier, each WDM channel can be amplified, detected or modulated. The device exhibits a channel bandwidth of 60 GHz, a channel spacing of 195 GHz and a crosstalk of /spl minus/19 dB. <<ETX>>
Another Femininity Scale?

The construction and validation of the Behavioral Self-report of Femininity is described. An initial sample of 32 male and 63 female undergraduates indicated the frequency of engaging in 91 “feminine” behaviors. The 59 items which showed good internal consistency as well as differentiation between genders were retained. Test-retest reliability over a 2-wk. period was . 90. Convergent and discriminant validities were examined by comparing our results with those obtained from the Hyperfemininity Scale and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. Responses of women in traditional and nontraditional majors were significantly different, indicating good within-sex validity. Finally, a principal components analysis identified six primary factors, accounting for 60% of common variance.
The epidemiology, consequences and management of periodontal disease in older adults.

BACKGROUND This review summarizes the literature on periodontal disease (PD) in older adults. The authors focused on significant sequelae of PD and therapy in this population. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted a search on PubMed for human studies using the terms "periodontal disease OR periodontitis" and "older adults. " They retrieved 649 articles and excluded studies that had poor experimental design. For each topic of the review, they selected one to three of the most recent studies or reviews for inclusion and cited classic articles where appropriate. RESULTS PD is a common oral chronic inflammatory disease often found in older adults. In older patients, PD may lead to root caries, impaired eating and socialization. It also may increase patients' risk of developing systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, lung disease, heart disease and stroke. Treatment is not limited by chronological age but depends on the patient's medical and emotional status and the availability of financial resources. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS General dentists usually can treat the majority of older people with mild or moderate PD. For older adults who are medically compromised and dependent, the literature supports treatment that prevents PD progression.
Physical Activity Beliefs, Behaviors, and Cardiovascular Fitness of Mexican Immigrant Women

This descriptive study examined physical activity beliefs, behaviors, and cardiovascular fitness of a convenience sample of 51 married Mexican immigrant women (MIW) with children in Northern California. Standardized tools/procedures were used to measure the variables of interest and to determine cardiovascular fitness levels. The majority (78%) was not involved in regular physical activity and had below average or poor cardiovascular fitness (76%). However, 93% had a positive attitude, were well-informed of the benefits, and perceived physical activity to be a health-promoting behavior. Cultural values and beliefs about physical activity, gender roles, and social and physiological factors were described as barriers to women’s intention to engage in physical activity.
Urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-creatinine ratio as an indicator of tubular function in Bence Jones Proteinuria

Abstract Increased urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity suggests early renal tubular damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary GGT activity as a marker of renal injury in different types of Bence Jones Proteinuria (BJP). One hundred and three individuals with BJP were included in the study. Urinary GGT activity, urinary GGT-to-creatinine ratio and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio were studied. Urine samples were tested by immunofixation agarose gel electrophoresis. Total urinary excretion of kappa and lambda light chains were measured by nephelometric method. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics of the patients in Lambda BJP, Kappa BJP and Control groups. GGT-to-creatinine ratio of the Lambda BJP group was significantly higher than Kappa BJP group and controls (p = 0.018 and 0.002, respectively). There was no correlation between the quantitative kappa and lambda BJP and urinary GGT-to-creatinine ratio. Our data have demonstrated that urinary GGT-to-creatinine ratio could be a tubular damage marker of lambda light chain proteinuria.