Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflicting Obligations: Role Conflict among Health Care Complaints Managers

Dieser Artikel beschaftigt sich mit ausgewahlten Ergebnissen aus einer Untersuchung zu Konflikten und Spannungen, die mit der Tatigkeit im Beschwerdenmanagements des britischen National Health Service (NHS) einhergehen. Es wird angenommen, dass die Balance zwischen der Loyalitat zum Gesundheitswesen einerseits und den Bedurfnissen der Klager(innen) andererseits zu einem inharenten Widerspruch im Aufgabenfeld Beschwerdenmanagement fuhrt. Diese Annahme wird gestutzt durch vorliegende Literatur zu Konfliktmanagement, Administration und sozialen Akteuren im Bereich der Forschung zur Sozialgesetzgebung, zu offentlicher Verwaltung und durch soziologische/sozialpsychologische Ansatze. In der Studie, die zwischen 1999 und 2002 im Grosraum London und im Sudosten von England durchgefuhrt wurde, kamen qualitative Verfahren zum Einsatz, insbesondere ausfuhrliche Telefoninterviews mit 30 im NHS-Beschwerdenmanagement tatigen Personen. Im Fokus dieses Beitrags stehen diejenigen 21 Interviews, die mit Beschaftigten in NHS-Krankenhausern gefuhrt wurden (die ubrigen waren im Bereich der ambulanten Versorgung tatig). Die Befunde der Untersuchung betreffen vor allem drei Themenfelder: 1. Beschaftigte im Beschwerdenmanagement sind Widerspruchen ausgesetzt, die aus ihrer Berufsrolle resultieren; 2. aus diesen Widerspruchen folgen wiederum sehr unterschiedliche Reaktionen, mit denen sich die Mitarbeiter(innen) dann auseinandersetzen mussen; 3. die Art der Auseinandersetzung hangt mit unterschiedlichen Typen von Beschaftigten in diesem Berufsfeld zusammen. In dem hier prasentierten Beitrag geht es insbesondere um das erstgenannte Themenfeld, also um Rollenwiderspruche, die aus der Tatigkeit im Beschwerdenmanagement resultieren. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs080187
Coccomyxa cimbrica sp. nov., a green microalga found in association with carnivorous plants of the genus Drosera L.

ABSTRACT Coccomyxa Schmidle (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) is a genus of green microalgae that has worldwide distribution, with representatives found in a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Members of this taxon can be free-living and/or associated with other organisms, establishing different types of relationships (e.g. parasitic, symbiotic). The most frequent organisms forming associations with Coccomyxa are fungi and marine animals, most importantly mussels. Moreover, there is a well-documented association between a Coccomyxa strain and Gingko biloba and some Coccomyxa-like microalgae have been found in the bark of other trees. Here we describe a green algal strain found in association with carnivorous plants of the genus Drosera L. The systematics of Coccomyxa based only on classical methods is problematic, due to the very simple morphology of the genus and its high phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, the microalga associated with Drosera plants was isolated, maintained in culture and subjected to an integrative taxonomy approach, including morphological, ultrastructural and molecular analyses, along with ecological considerations. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the rbcL and 18S rRNA genes and molecular data obtained from the ITS2 spacer, including both sequence and secondary structure analyses, showed that the investigated microorganism belonged to a lineage distinct from those sequenced so far. An accurate taxonomic comparison between the microalga associated with Drosera and each of the species already described for the genus Coccomyxa was also carried out, considering morphology, ultrastructure and ecology. The results as a whole allowed us to erect a new species inside the genus Coccomyxa: Coccomyxa cimbrica K.Sciuto, B.Baldan & I.Moro
Ageing and the Drosophila circadian clock

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Automated Quantification of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Clinical Brain MRI across Sites

Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are structural brain changes visible in MRI, and are a marker of cerebral small vessel disease. Most studies use time-consuming and subjective visual scoring to assess these structures. Recently, automated methods to quantify enlarged perivascular spaces have been proposed. Most of these methods have been evaluated only in high resolution scans acquired in controlled research settings. We evaluate and compare two recently published automated methods for the quantification of enlarged perivascular spaces in 76 clinical scans acquired from 9 different scanners. Both methods are neural networks trained on high resolution research scans and are applied without fine-tuning the networks parameters. By adapting the preprocessing of clinical scans, regions of interest similar to those computed from research scans can be processed. The first method estimates only the number of PVS, while the second method estimates simultaneously also a high resolution attention map that can be used to detect and segment PVS. The Pearson correlations between visual and automated scores of enlarged perivascular spaces were higher with the second method. With this method, in the centrum semiovale, the correlation was similar to the inter-rater agreement, and also similar to the performance in high resolution research scans. Results were slightly lower than the inter-rater agreement for the hippocampi, and noticeably lower in the basal ganglia. By computing attention maps, we show that the neural networks focus on the enlarged perivascular spaces. Assessing the burden of said structures in the centrum semiovale with the automated scores reached a satisfying performance, could be implemented in the clinic and, e.g., help predict the bleeding risk related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Hot tops, cold bottoms: Synergistic climate warming and shielding effects increase carbon burial in lakes

In this article, we challenge the notion that global warming stimulates organic matter mineralization and increases greenhouse gas emissions in lakes via direct temperature effects. We show that the interactive effects of warming and transparency loss due to eutrophication or browning overrides atmospheric warming alone. Thermal shielding enables a longer and more stable stratification that results in bottom‐water cooling, prolonged anoxia, and enhanced carbon preservation in a large proportion of global lakes. These effects are strongest in shallow lakes where an additional burial of 4.5 Tg C yr−1 increases current global estimates by 9%. Despite more burial, the net global warming potential of lakes will increase via enhanced methane production, related to prolonged periods of anoxia, rather than warming. Our understanding of how whole‐lake carbon cycling responds to climate change needs revision, as the synergistic influence of warming and transparency loss has much broader ecosystem level functional consequences.
Diversity, distribution and habitat requirements of aquatic insect communities in tropical mountain streams (South-eastern Guinea, West Africa)

Considering that knowledge of the biodiversity of a region is the first step toward its conservation and given the paucity of studies on aquatic insects from the Simandou streams, the diversity of these communities was assessed. Aquatic insects were sampled with a hand-net (mesh size: 250 μm) on four occasions between March 2011 and September 2012 at 27 sites. Environmental variables were also recorded. Overall, 129 taxa belonging to 51 families and eight orders were recorded. Multivariate analyses gathered sites into three clusters in regard to aquatic insect composition. The rarefied taxonomic richness showed decreases in association with increasing levels of human impact. Cluster 1 that contained most disturbed sites displayed low taxonomic richness compared with the two others. The highest taxonomic richness was registered in cluster 2 that contained a mixture of upland and lowland sites; the latter remained minimally disturbed. These sites could be considered as reference sites in studies for assessing water quality. Generalised additive models calculated for the most frequent taxa showed that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and pH were the incorporated explanatory variables. Therefore, further anthropogenic activities should preserve the surrounding forest in order to preserve the quality of Simandou streams and consequently aquatic biodiversity.
Identifying the metabolic 'Achilles heel' of adult and paediatric glioblastoma multiforme

Despite substantive efforts to characterise glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) at the molecular level, improvements to the overall survival of patients have yet to be seen within the clinic. Intratumour heterogeneity describes the co-existence of several subpopulations of GBM cells that are genetically distinct. This phenomenon provides one mechanism by which GBM recurs via the presence of resistant subclonal cells. However, questions remain as to whether cancer cell metabolism demonstrates the same level of heterogeneity given the metabolic regulatory role of several oncogenes and tumour suppressors. We applied liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to profile the metabolome and lipidome of tumour fragments sampled from adult GBM patients. The extent of heterogeneity in metabolomic and lipidomics profiles differed between patients but was predominantly observed between non-invasive and invasive regions. Evidence for normal brain metabolism influencing the metabolomic profile of the invasive region was detected, calling for isolation of the tumour cell component. Despite this caveat, dysregulated proline metabolism was identified for further mechanistic and therapeutic study. The identification of intratumour metabolic heterogeneity in GBM has therapeutic implications in terms of the utilisation of single-agent therapies targeting metabolism. However, elucidation of a metabolic dependency in GBM cells representing an ‘Achilles heel’ may circumvent intratumour genetic heterogeneity. Glucose is not the only nutrient utilised by cancer cells. The dependence of GBM cells on external sources of lipid and cholesterol species in the form of lipoproteins was assessed to determine the consequences on cellular viability and metabolism. Growth inhibitory responses were demonstrated under lipoprotein deficient conditions, associated with cell line-specific responses indicative of different metabolic stress responses in adult and paediatric GBM. Consistent observation of reduced cellular cholesterol levels across all cell lines presented a metabolic vulnerability that was pharmacologically replicated using liver X receptor (LXR) agonists. The identification of reduced cellular viability following exposure to LXR agonists and transcriptomic responses associated with a reduced proliferative response provide impetus for further drug development in terms of combination strategies and alleviation of deleterious side-effects.
Testing heterogeneous anchoring and shift effect in double-bounded models: The case of recreational fishing in Tasmania

This paper explores the extent and nature of anchoring and shift effects in a double-bounded contingent valuation of recreational fishing in Tasmania’s inshore saltwater fishery. In particular we model the situation where respondents, when answering the second valuation question, evaluate the bid amount partly with reference to the size of the first bid amount. The estimates of the coefficients and mean WTP for a day of fishing are compared across different contingent valuation models, including a single-bounded model, a conventional double-bounded model and models that control anchoring and exogenous shift effects in both homogeneous and heterogeneous forms. Overall we find consistent evidence of anchoring, but mixed evidence of a shift effect. Results show that both males and females anchor in the same way, but that respondents who have a mainstream view of what recreational fishing represents anchor more strongly than those whose view of fishing is not mainstream. The estimated mean WTP for a day’s recreational fishing is consistently higher in all models which account for bias in responses than in either the single-bounded or double-bounded models. We indicate the possibility that anchoring behaviour may be more complex than is captured in our models and suggest that this needs to be addressed if the results of contingent valuations are to reliably inform resource allocation decisions and recreational fishing management.
CORPORATE BOARD, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND THE INVOLUNTARY DELISTED FIRMS

The Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan has advocated the importance of corporate governance for several years. The purpose of this study is to act in concern with the policy through the test of the relationship between the corporate governance mechanism, especially Board of Directors’ composition and ownership structure, and the involuntary delisted firms. The study extracts 58 involuntary delisted firms from Taiwan Securities Exchange (TSE) during 1997 to 2007 and matches with 112 similar control firms. The results from probit regression suggest that Board of Directors (BOD) with more number of outside independent directors, larger board size, lower ratio of shares pledged to the total shares, higher seats over control right, and lower control right over right for cash flow may reduce the likelihood of delisting. The study could become monitoring indices for internal examination system, the warning signals for investors, and the reference for the policy makers.
How Eye Gaze Feedback Changes Parent-child Joint Attention in Shared Storybook Reading ? An Eye-tracking Intervention Study

This paper studies how eye-tracking can be used to measure and facilitate joint attention in parent-child interaction. Joint attention is critical for social learning activities such as parent-child shared storybook reading. There is a disassociation of attention when the adult reads texts while the child looks at pictures. We hypothesize the lack of joint attention limits children’s opportunity to learn print-related skills. Traditional research paradigm does not measure joint attention in real-time during shared storybook reading. In the current study, we simultaneously tracked eye movements of a parent and his/her child with two eyetrackers. We also provided real-time feedback to the parent where the child was looking at, and vice versa. Changes of dyads’ reading behaviors before and after the joint attention intervention were measured from both eye movements and video records. Baseline data show little joint attention in parent-child shared book reading. The real-time eye-gaze feedback significantly changes parent-child interaction and improves learning. Author
Characterizing Communal Creativity in Instrumental Group Learning

Situated broadly within the field of secondary (high) school education, and with a specific focus on the subject area (and extra-curricular educational setting) of instrumental music education, this essay provides evidence of the meaning of communal creativity as it arises in three interrelated practices: creative learning practice, creative teaching practice, and creative teacher leadership practice. This article reports on how learning is enhanced by experiences of communal creativity as illustrated in the case of a particular instrumental ensemble called Percussion 1 . Findings support the specific nature of communal creativity, expressed in terms of embodiment, immersion, enhancement, and empowerment, and constituted socially (made manifest in a social context) through activity. Communal creativity has the potential to transform the experience of instrumental group learning with regard to the pedagogical values that aim to engage the whole community of learners.
Bioelectric Oscillations of Bean Roots: Further Evidence For a Feedback Oscillator I. Extracellular Response to Oscillations in Osmotic Pressure and Auxin

Bean roots subjected to oscillations in osmotic pressure or in the auxin concentration of their weakly conducting bathing medium exhibit corresponding oscillations in their bioelectric fields with a resonance at the natural period of oscillation (approx. 5 min). The amplitude and phase responses, expressed as a function of the periods of the applied oscillations, are in agreement with those predicted from a theoretical model of a feedback loop. A physiological model compatible with the theoretical one is suggested.
Shear Stress as a Major Driver of Marine Biofilm Communities in the NW Mediterranean Sea

While marine biofilms depend on environmental conditions and substrate, little is known about the influence of hydrodynamic forces. We tested different immersion modes (dynamic, cyclic and static) in Toulon Bay (north-western Mediterranean Sea; NWMS). The static mode was also compared between Toulon and Banyuls Bays. In addition, different artificial surfaces designed to hamper cell attachment (self-polishing coating: SPC; and fouling-release coating: FRC) were compared to inert plastic. Prokaryotic community composition was affected by immersion mode, surface characteristics and site. Rhodobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae dominated the biofilm community structure, with distinct genera according to surface type or immersion mode. Cell density increased with time, greatly limited by hydrodynamic forces, and supposed to delay biofilm maturation. After 1 year, a significant impact of shear stress on the taxonomic structure of the prokaryotic community developed on each surface type was observed. When surfaces contained no biocides, roughness and wettability shaped prokaryotic community structure, which was not enhanced by shear stress. Conversely, the biocidal effect of SPC surfaces, already major in static immersion mode, was amplified by the 15 knots speed. The biofilm community on SPC was 60% dissimilar to the biofilm on the other surfaces and was distinctly colonized by Sphingomonadaceae ((Alter)Erythrobacter). At Banyuls, prokaryotic community structures were more similar between the four surfaces tested than at Toulon, due possibly to a masking effect of environmental constraints, especially hydrodynamic, which was greater than in Toulon. Finally, predicted functions such as cell adhesion confirmed some of the hypotheses drawn regarding biofilm formation over the artificial surfaces tested here.
Evidence based review of Legionella elimination in building water systems

Legionnaires disease can be acquired through exposure to Legionella pneumophila, a gram-negative bacteria ubiquitous in both natural and engineered water systems. Over the years, a number of disinfection techniques notably, chlorination, ozonation, thermal, UV and copper-silver ionization have been employed across different kinds of engineered water systems with diverse measures of success. Available evidence portends, most of the aforementioned techniques often have to be combined to achieve long-term efficacy. Remarkably, albeit the extensive research and reportage on Legionnaires outbreak in the developed world, very few studies have been carried out with regards to Africa. We reviewed existing literature on the application of the aforementioned techniques in buildings. Our study concurs with earlier studies; most of the disinfection techniques will have to be combined to achieve the desired efficacy. We found very scanty studies on Legionella or reportage of its outbreak within Africa. Our study also found very little in terms of any of the techniques been applied with the specific aim of reducing Legionella proliferation in engineered water systems within Africa. This is alarming, especially, on a continent where several communities have little or no access to quality water and healthcare. In light of the above, stronger measures such as sensitization, properly managed water distribution systems, as well as policies aimed at enforcing national and international guidelines on Legionella control is recommended. Key words: Legionnaires disease, water disinfection, engineered water system, Africa.
Particularidades dos diferentes tecidos adiposos

Objetivo: apresentar os possíveis mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na regulação metabólica pelo tecido adiposo conforme sua particularidade celular. Métodos: para isso, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, utilizando a base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed) considerando publicações a partir de 2007. Resultados e Discussão:como resultado da revisão de literatura foram identificados quatro abordagens principais que tratam da influência dos diferentes depósitos de gordura no estado metabólico: 1- Características Fisiológicas dos Adipócitos; 2- Teoria Portal; 3- Hipótese da Expansão do Adipócito; 4- Relação da Expansão do Adipócito com a Inflamação e Fatores Adversos. Conclusão: nesse sentido, as evidências têm apontado que a distribuição da gordura corporal associada as caracteristícas moleculares, função e localização específicas dos diferentes tipos de adipócitos podem ser mais determinantes que a quantidade total de gordura corporal, no que diz respeito ao estabelecimento de um perfil metabólico mais saudável.