Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triplet state solvation dynamics: Basics and applications

Applying solvation dynamics experiments to viscous liquids or glassy materials near their glass transition involves long lived triplet probes, whose time dependent phosphorescence signals depend upon the local dipolar orientational dynamics, mechanical responses, and polarities. The current understanding of experimental results regarding steady state and time dependent optical line shapes and positions is reviewed with emphasis on the relation to the macroscopic dielectric properties. Several applications are discussed in detail, where advantage is taken of the spatially local instead of ensemble averaging character of this technique. These examples include studies of dynamical heterogeneity, rotational solute/solvent coupling, secondary relaxations in the glassy state, as well as confinement and interfacial effects.
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE VALUES AND SENSE OF PLACE OF KAMPUNG MORTEN, MELAKA

Architectural heritage holds a variety of values towards the community and helps to enhance the image of a city. Currently, heritage sites all over the world are facing intense pressure from modernisation. This paper attempts to explore the relationship between the values of the architectural heritage of Kampung Morten, Melaka to its ‘sense of place’ amongst the community. To achieve this aim, the authors examine the occurrence of ‘a sense of place’, identify the architectural heritage values and analyse the challenges set by the surrounding modernisation. Methods of observation and interview were utilised in this study involving the heritage village of Kampung Morten in Melaka and its community. The findings from this study would highlight Kampung Morten’s community level of attachment to their heritage village as they reflect their experience involving the ‘sense of place’. In developing more sustainable urbanisation for Kampung Morten, this study also explores the community’s level of awareness regarding the risk of modernisation.
Renormalized CCSD(T) and CCSD(TQ) approaches: Dissociation of the N2 triple bond

The recently proposed renormalized and completely renormalized CCSD(T) and CCSD(TQ) methods, which can be viewed as generalizations of the noniterative perturbative CCSD(T) and CCSD(TQf) schemes and which result from the more general method of moments of coupled-cluster equations, are applied to the dissociation of the ground-state N2 molecule. It is shown that the renormalized and completely renormalized CCSD(T) and CCSD(TQ) methods provide significantly better results for large N–N separations than their unrenormalized CCSD(T) and CCSD(TQf) counterparts.
Summertime Biogenic Silica Production and Silicon Limitation in the Pacific Arctic Region From 2006 to 2016

We present a decade of dissolved and particulate silica concentrations within five biological “hot spots” in the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR) and the first measurements of both biogenic silica production rates (ρSi) and the kinetics of silicon utilization from a period of four years at the same sites. The “hot spots” were located within the Bering and Chukchi Seas and identified as part of the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO). Across all hot spots, the highest concentrations of silicic acid (Si(OH)4) and biogenic silica were found near the bottom of the euphotic zone and often correlated with increased ρSi. For the entire region, the average ρSi was 19 mmol m−2 day−1 and siliceous microplankton (i.e., diatoms) contributed an average of 62% to primary productivity and 82% to nitrate utilization. Irradiance and [Si(OH)4] had separate and interactive effects on ρSi. Irradiance modulated both the magnitude of ρSi and the response of diatoms to changes in Si(OH)4. Availability of Si(OH)4 limited ρSi in all hot spots in at least one of the four years. Kinetic experiments conducted in all hot spots demonstrated that the half‐saturation constant (Ks) for ρSi was 4–8 times higher than ever reported in the literature. In the southeastern Chukchi Sea, an east to west gradient in [bSiO2] and ρSi may have been driven by differences in the availability of NO3− rather than Si(OH)4. Despite strong interannual variability, we suggest that phytoplankton phenology responds to short‐term climatic changes, which can have far‐reaching effects on Arctic regions influenced by the Pacific‐origin waters flowing through the PAR.
Folate hydrolase‐1 (FOLH1) is a novel target for antibody‐based brachytherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma

Abstract Backgrounds Folate Hydrolase‐1 (FOLH1; PSMA) is a type II transmembrane protein, luminally expressed by solid tumour neo‐vasculature. Monoclonal antibody (mAb), J591, is a vehicle for mAb‐based brachytherapy in FOLH1+ cancers. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy that involves placing a radioactive material a short distance from the target tissue (e.g., on the skin or internally); brachytherapy is commonly accomplished with the use of catheters, needles, metal seeds and antibody or small peptide conjugates. Herein, FOLH1 expression in primary (p) and metastatic (m) Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is characterized to determine its targeting potential for J591‐brachytherapy. Materials & Methods Paraffin sections from pMCC and mMCC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for FOLH1. Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the physical properties of conjugated radioisotope lutetium‐177. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated based on patient outcome data and FOLH1 expression. Results Eighty‐one MCC tumours were evaluated. 67% (54/81) of all cases, 77% (24/31) pMCC and 60% (30/50) mMCC tumours were FOLH1+. Monte Carlo simulation showed highly localized ionizing tracks of electrons emitted from the targeted neo‐vessel. 42% (34/81) of patients with FOLH1+/− MCC had available survival data for analysis. No significant differences in our limited data set were detected based on FOLH1 status (p = 0.4718; p = 0.6470), staining intensity score (p = 0.6966; p = 0.9841) or by grouping staining intensity scores (− and + vs. ++, +++, +++) (p = 0.8022; p = 0.8496) for MCC‐specific survival or recurrence free survival, respectively. Conclusions We report the first evidence of prevalent FOLH1 expression within MCC‐associated neo‐vessels, in 60‐77% of patients in a large MCC cohort. Given this data, and the need for alternatives to immune therapies it is appropriate to explore the safety and efficacy of FOLH1‐targeted brachytherapy for MCC. What's already known about this topic? We report the first evidence of prevalent folate hydrolase‐1 (FOLH1; also known as prostate‐specific membrane antigen) expression within MCC‐associated neovessels. What does this study add? Herein, FOLH1 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma neovasculature is validated, and the therapeutic mechanism of specific, systemic targeting of disseminated disease with antibody‐based brachytherapy, is defined.
Measuring consumer perceptions over beef good practices and sustainable production process

PurposeInformation on scales for measuring dimensions related to consumer concerns over production processes is scarce in the literature. The purpose of this study was to develop a more comprehensive scale for measuring concern over the production process (CPP). Design/methodology/approachThe authors derive the concept based on the results of a bibliographic review, existing certification criteria, an interview with five experts and two consumer focus groups. The authors interviewed 725 frequent beef meat consumers to test the scale.FindingsStatistical tests and purification yielded a final scale with 18 items and six latent variables: animal welfare, traceability, social responsibility, environmental responsibility, legality and sanitation in slaughterhouses. The authors confirmed the nomological validity of the instrument using product involvement as an antecedent construct and attitude related to sustainable consumption as a consequent of CPP.Research limitations/implicationsThe research results may lack generalisability. New research avenues are suggested for testing the scale in other cultural contexts and with different groups of consumers and food types.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights for cattle ranchers, the industry and the retail sector in formulating communication strategies and product/brand positioning in response to consumer concerns about the production process.Originality/valueThere is no study at present that fully addresses the use of a scale to measure dimensions of production processes. The creation of the CPP scale is a relevant academic contribution that aids in assessing the influence of the environmental dimension in conjunction with other essential constructs.
Intelligent Blended Agents: Reality-Virtuality Interaction with Artificially Intelligent Embodied Virtual Humans

Intelligent virtual agents (VAs) already support us in a variety of everyday tasks such as setting up appointments, monitoring our fitness, and organizing messages. Adding a humanoid body representation to these mostly voice-based VAs has enormous potential to enrich the human–agent communication process but, at the same time, raises expectations regarding the agent’s social, spatial, and intelligent behavior. Embodied VAs may be perceived as less human-like if they, for example, do not return eye contact, or do not show a plausible collision behavior with the physical surroundings. In this article, we introduce a new model that extends human-to-human interaction to interaction with intelligent agents and covers different multi-modal and multi-sensory channels that are required to create believable embodied VAs. Theoretical considerations of the different aspects of human–agent interaction are complemented by implementation guidelines to support the practical development of such agents. In this context, we particularly emphasize one aspect that is distinctive of embodied agents, i.e., interaction with the physical world. Since previous studies indicated negative effects of implausible physical behavior of VAs, we were interested in the initial responses of users when interacting with a VA with virtual–physical capabilities for the first time. We conducted a pilot study to collect subjective feedback regarding two forms of virtual–physical interactions. Both were designed and implemented in preparation of the user study, and represent two different approaches to virtual–physical manipulations: (i) displacement of a robotic object, and (ii) writing on a physical sheet of paper with thermochromic ink. The qualitative results of the study indicate positive effects of agents with virtual–physical capabilities in terms of their perceived realism as well as evoked emotional responses of the users. We conclude with an outlook on possible future developments of different aspects of human–agent interaction in general and the physical simulation in particular.
Herbicide Symptomology and The Mechanism of Action of Methiozolin

Abstract Methiozolin is a new herbicide with an unknown mechanism of action (MOA) for control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in several warm- and cool-season turfgrasses. In the literature, methiozolin was proposed to be a pigment inhibitor via inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferases (TATs) or a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI). Here, exploratory research was conducted to characterize the herbicide symptomology and MOA of methiozolin. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) and P. annua exhibited a similar level of susceptibility to methiozolin, and arrest of meristematic growth was the most characteristic symptomology. For example, methiozolin inhibited A. thaliana root growth (GR50 8 nM) and shoot emergence (GR80 ∼50 nM), and apical meristem growth was completely arrested at rates greater than 500 nM. We concluded that methiozolin was neither a TAT nor a CBI inhibitor. Methiozolin had a minor effect on chlorophyll and alpha-tocopherol content in treated seedlings (<500 nM), and supplements in the proposed TAT pathway could not lessen phytotoxicity. Examination of microscopic images of roots revealed that methiozolin-treated (100 nM) and untreated seedlings had similar root cell lengths. Thus, methiozolin inhibits cell proliferation and not elongation from meristematic tissue. Subsequently, we suspected methiozolin was an inhibitor of the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway, because its herbicidal symptomologies were nearly indistinguishable from those caused by lovastatin. However, methiozolin did not inhibit phytosterol production, and MVA pathway metabolites did not rescue treated seedlings. Further experiments showed that methiozolin produced a physiological profile very similar to cinmethylin across a number of assays, a known inhibitor of fatty-acid synthesis through inhibition of thioesterases (FATs). Experiments with lesser duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.; syn. Lemna paucicostata Hegelm.) showed that methiozolin also reduced fatty-acid content in Lemna with a profile similar, but not identical, to cinmethylin. However, there was no difference in fatty-acid content between treated (1 µM) and untreated A. thaliana seedlings. Methiozolin also bound to both A, thaliana and L. aequinoctialis FATs in vitro. Modeling suggested that methiozolin and cinmethylin have comparable and overlapping FAT binding sites. While there was a discrepancy in the effect of methiozolin on fatty-acid content between L. aequinoctialis and A. thaliana, the overall evidence indicates that methiozolin is a FAT inhibitor and acts in a similar manner as cinmethylin.
American football uniforms elicit thermoregulatory failure during a heat tolerance test

ABSTRACT The Israeli Defense Force’s heat tolerance test (HTT) helps clinicians make return-to-activity decisions following exertional heatstroke. Participants fail the test and are “heat intolerant” if rectal temperature (TREC) or heart rate (HR) exceed 38.5°C or 150 bpm, respectively. Ideally, tests assessing athlete heat tolerance would incorporate sport-specific factors (e.g., protective equipment). Because few clothes are worn during a HTT, its ability to assess American football players’ heat tolerance may be limited. We hypothesized wearing an American football uniform (PADS) during a HTT would lead to more classifications of heat intolerance. In this randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study, 10 men without recent exertional heat illness (age: 23 ± 3 y; mass: 78.5 ± 10.3 kg; height: 179.6 ± 7.6 cm) completed a standard HTT (CONTROL) or an HTT with PADS donned. TREC and HR were monitored continuously for 2 hours or until TREC reached 39.5°C. We noted when HTT failure criteria occurred. All participants failed the HTT in PADS (n = 2, TREC >38.5°C; n = 8, HR >150 bpm); 5 failed in CONTROL (n = 1, TREC >38.5°C; n = 4, HR >150 bpm). Participants completed more of the HTT before failure in CONTROL than PADS (61.7 ± 23.5 min vs. 43.4 ± 14.2 min; t9 = 1.9, P =.04). The HTT cannot be made more sport-specific by simply donning PADS because PADS impaired thermoregulatory ability and produced more false positive HTT results. Consequently, the HTT should not be the sole determinant of an American football players return-to-activity following heat illness. New methods of testing heat tolerance in American football players are needed since the existing HTT is not sport specific.ABBREVIATIONS: EHS: exertional heatstroke; HR: heart rate; HTT: The Israeli Defense Force’s heat tolerance test; PADS: full American football uniform consisting of a helmet; shoulder, knee, thigh, hip and tailbone pads; a jersey top; undergarments; and half-length pants; PHT: probability of heat tolerance; RMANOVA: repeated measures analysis of variance; RPE: rating of perceived exertion; RTP: return to play; TCR: thermal-circulatory ratio; TREC: rectal temperature; VO2max: maximal oxygen consumption
CAPAIAN PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA DAN STIMULASINYA PADA ANAK USIA 4 TAHUN

Perkembangan seluruh aspek perkembangan anak usia dini akan maksimal jika dilakukan stimulasi yang tepat. Informasi mengenai stimulasi yang tepat didapatkan melalui referensi yang sudah ada berdasarkan hasil penelitian dilapangan. Penelitian ini mencoba menguraikan stimulasi salah satu aspek perkembangan, yakni perkembangan Bahasa yang tepat pada anak usia dini khususnya usia 4 tahun sebagai best practice kepada orangtua atau pengasuh. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi tidak langsung atas kejadian yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian di Soul, Korea Selatan. Pengamatan dilakukan seminggu sekali mengenai keseharian subjek dimulai pada pagi hari hingga malam hari, segala aktivitas anak terekam oleh kamera yang disiarkan oleh stasiun tv yang menjadi sumber data utama peneliti pada bulan Maret – Mei 2020. Fokus pengamatan dipersempit pada indicator capaian perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia 4 tahun berdasarkan Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak. Subjek penelitian sebanyak dua anak yang dipilih secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria: (1) anak usia dini; (2) berusia 4 tahun; (3) sumber data mudah dijangkau oleh peneliti; (4) sumber data mampu menggambarkan informasi secara utuh mengenai focus penelitian. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan narasi deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedua anak telah memenuhi capaian perkembangan pada bahasa anak berdasarkan standar usia subjek khususnya dalam hal: (1) memahami Bahasa dan (2) mengungkapkan bahasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ada beberapa stimulasi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan capaian aspek perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia 4 tahun, yakni (1) mendengarkan setiap cerita anak; (2) memberikan apresiasi berbentuk pujian pada cerita anak; (3) membiasakan anak menyatakan pendapat; (4) membiasakan anak mengikuti perintah; dan (5) memberikan reward anak jika anak berhasil melakukan hal positif.
Changes of refractive indices of the ternary mixtures chlorobenzene + n-hexane + (n-nonane or n-decane) at 298.15 K

The measures of the refractive indices of the ternary mixtures chlorobenzene + n-hexane + (n-nonane or n-decane) have been done at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure in the whole composition diagram. The composition dependence of the derived magnitude has been compared with the data obtained with several theoretical models. Attending to the accurate results of these models, the equation of state enclosing mixing rules are pointed out as simple procedures for a multicomponent estimation of refractive indices, the corresponding binary parameters could be used to other thermophysical studies.
Inferring Ties in Social IoT Using Location-Based Networks and Identification of Hidden Suspicious Ties

Stochastic Internet of Things (IoT)-based communication behavior of the progressing world is tremendously impacting social networks. The growth of social networks helps to quantify the effect on the Social Internet of Things (SIoT). Multiple existences of two persons at several geographical locations in different time frames hint to predict the social connection. We investigate the extent to which social ties between people can be inferred by critically reviewing the social networks. Our study used Chinese telecommunication-based anonymized caller data records (CDRs) and two openly available location-based social network data sets, Brightkite and Gowalla. Our research identified social ties based on mobile communication data and further exploits communication reasons based on geographical location. This paper presents an inference framework that predicts the missing ties as suspicious social connections using pipe and filter architecture-based inference framework. It highlights the secret relationship of users, which does not exist in real data. The proposed framework consists of two major parts. Firstly, users’ cooccurrence based on the mutual location in a specific time frame is computed and inferred as social ties. Results are investigated based upon the cooccurrence count, the gap time threshold values, and mutual friend count values. Secondly, the detail about direct connections is collected and cross-related to the inferred results using Precision and Recall evaluation measures. In the later part of the research, we examine the false-positive results methodically by studying the human cooccurrence patterns to identify hidden relationships using a social activity. The outcomes indicate that the proposed approach achieves comprehensive results that further support the theory of suspicious ties.
The analysis of influencing factors on the going concern audit opinion – a study in manufacturing firms in Indonesia

It is argued that the going concern opinion is issued if auditors have a doubt about financial condition of a company. Provision of the going concern audit opinion may worsen the company in terms of gaining public trust and may even indicate bankruptcy. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the auditor's going concern opinion. ,This research used secondary data obtained from annual reports and independent audit reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this research included manufacturing firms registered in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019. The sample after the purposive sampling technique being applied consisted of 33 companies. The data were analyzed using logistic regression performed in the statistical analysis software, SPSS 24.0. ,The results indicated that leverage positively affected the going concern audit opinion, then the audit quality, profitability and liquidity negatively affected the going concern audit opinion, whereas firm size and audit lag did not affect the going concern audit opinion. ,This study is in contrast to several existing studies on the determinants of the auditor's going concern opinion and provides knowledge on developing more factors affecting the auditor's going concern opinion.
124 Butyric acid and derivatives: In vitro effects on barrier integrity of porcine intestinal epithelial cells quantified by transepithelial electrical resistance

Intestinal barrier function in vitro is quantified by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across epithelial cell monolayers due to polarization and expression of tight junction proteins. The objective of the current study was to measure the TEER of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) treated with butyric acid, sodium butyrate, monobutyrin and tributyrin. MTT assays were performed for each compound to determine cell viability and appropriate treatment doses. Butyric acid and tributyrin treatments were: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mM. Monobutyrin and sodium butyrate doses were: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 mM. Cells were seeded at 5 × 105 cells/mL into 12-well plates on Corning transwell inserts. Cells were cultured for 4 to 5 days (until all wells had TEER close to 1000 Ωcm2) and were then treated with organic acids. Each compound was tested in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates. TEER was measured in Ωcm2 using a Millicell ERS-2 voltohmmeter at 0 h (before treatment) and at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment. All data were analyzed by PROC MIXED of SAS. Butyric acid linearly enhanced (P < 0.001) TEER of IPEC-J2 dose-dependently, with the highest TEER observed at doses of 1 and 2 mM at each time point. Sodium butyrate did not impact TEER at h 24, but linearly increased (P < 0.05) TEER at h 48 and 72. Treatment of monobutyrin linearly improved (P < 0.001) TEER at h 24, 48, and 72, with the highest TEER observed at the dose of 8 mM. Tributyrin had the tendency to improve (P < 0.10) TEER at h 48 and 72 when the highest dose was applied. Results of the current in vitro study indicate that butyric acid and its derivatives may improve intestinal barrier function of pigs, which requires verification in vivo.