Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLN3, not positive feedback, the timing of CLN2 transcrip in cycling cells determ tion

Transcriptional activation of the budding yeast CLNl and CLN2 genes during the late GI phase of the cell cycle has been attributed to a positive feedback loop, wherein the transcription of both genes is stimulated by the accumulation of their protein products. We demonstrate that in cycling cells CLN2 does not play a role in determining the timing of its own transcriptional activation. First, we show that CLN3 alone is sufficient to maximally activate CLN2 transcription. Cells that lack functional CLNl and CLN2 genes activate the CLN2 promoter with the same kinetics and at the same size as cells in which all three CLN genes are functional. In addition, CLN2 transcription is activated with similar kinetics in cells that have CLN2 as their only functional CLN gene and in CLN-deficient cells. Promoter analysis shows that CLN3-dependent activation of CLN2 transcription is directed primarily through the previously identified UASl region although another cis-acting region, UAS2, also can contribute to CLN2 activation under some conditions. The ability to activate transcription of CLN2 is not a unique property of CLN3 because ectopically expressed CLN2 can both activate the endogenous CLN2 promoter and induce Start. We propose that failure of the endogenous CLN2 gene to contribute significantly to activation of its own transcription results from its relative effectiveness at inducing Start, cell cycle progression and, subsequently, inactivation of CLN2 expression.
Taxonomy as a hypothesis: testing the status of the Bermuda buckeye butterfly Junonia coenia bergi (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Species determination and definition in eukaryotes have traditionally been based on morphology, with little focus on genetic differentiation. Molecular methods allow for the independent assessment of morphology‐based taxonomic hypotheses. Three criteria used to define a full species for taxonomic purposes are morphological distinction, formation of a monophyletic lineage, and reproductive isolation. Junonia butterflies (Nymphalidae) are becoming an important experimental model system, but the taxonomy of many New World Junonia species is unclear. One of these species is J. coenia, which contains the subspecies J. coenia coenia, J. coenia grisea and J. coenia bergi. Previous studies suggest that J. coenia grisea may meet the criteria for full species status. Therefore, we evaluated the geographically isolated and rarely studied Bermuda buckeye butterfly J. coenia bergi to determine if it was similarly distinct. Physical examination of specimens and phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear wingless, and complete mitochondrial genome sequences suggest that while J. coenia bergi is smaller in body size than many Junonia and has distinctive ventral hindwing colouration, it does not form a monophyletic lineage and shows indications of continued gene flow with North American mainland J. coenia coenia populations. Thus, J. coenia bergi does not meet the criteria for full species designation, but geographic isolation, morphological distinctiveness, and cultural importance suggest that it remain recognized as a subspecies of J. coenia. Similar analyses will be useful for addressing further taxonomic questions in Junonia and other taxa, especially where morphology‐based taxonomic determinations are ambiguous.
Novel role of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in bladder cancer cell invasion and prediction of disease progression.

e15504 Background: While XIAP is known to inhibit apoptosis, our group recently identified a new role of XIAP in promoting cancer cell invasion by regulating via its RING domain E3 ligase and RhoGDI. Here, we explored whether XIAP affects bladder cancer (BCa) invasion in vitro, associates with biological behaviors of BCa in transgenic models and can distinguish low-grade non-invasive from high-grade muscle-invasive BCa in humans, thus serving as a novel prognostic predictor. Methods: Cell lines from different grades of human BCa, tumors from transgenic mice exhibiting low-grade non-invasive or high-grade invasive BCa, and specimens from patients (12 normal urothelia, 43 low-grade and 53 high-grade BCa) were subject to immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for XIAP expression. siRNA-knockdown of XIAP and restoration of XIAP in the knockdown cells were performed followed by invasion assays. Results: Low- and high-expression of XIAP were closely associated with cell lines from low- and high-grade human B.
Fish fauna of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in Palma bay (Balearic Islands)

Le peuplement ichtyologique des herbiers de Posidonia oceanica a ete etudie dans la baie de Palma (Iles Baleares) pendant le mois de mai de 1991. Un total de 41 especes appartenant a 20 familles a ete recolte en huit echantillons a la profondeur de 25-30 metres grâce a un chalut a perche de petite dimension. Des differences nycthemerales quantitatives ont ete observees qui sont dues a la dominance, aussi bien en nombre qu'en biomasse, de la famille Centracanthidae dans les echantillons nocturnes et des familles Labridae et Scorpaenidae dans les echantillons diurnes. Cependant, les indices globaux d'abondance de biomasse et de diversite ne permettent pas de mettre en evidence des differences. La composition specifique du peuplement est semblable a celle de la faune ichtyologique des autres herbiers de Mediterranee a meme profondeur. Les parametres ecologiques du peuplement different parfois, en liaison avec quelques facteurs environnementaux qui ont une grande influence sur ces types de peuplements.
Seasonal variation in cold hardiness and peak rates of cold-induced thermogenesis in the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)

-I used helium-oxygen (heliox) gas mixtures (approximately 79.5% He: 20.5% 02) to study seasonal variation in cold resistance and peak rates of thermogenesis (Vo2 max = maximum oxygen consumption maintained over a 10-min period) in Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis). Cold tolerance increased markedly in winter-acclimatized juncos. Heliox temperatures required to induce hypothermia within 90 min in more than 50% of the birds tested were 4? C in summer and -9? C in winter. In winter, Vo2 m. increased significantly on both a per-bird and mass-specific basis. In summer, Vo2mm,, was 5.78 ml 02/min (20.75 ml 02 g-1 h-'), and 7.39 ml 02/min (23.42 ml 02 gh-1) in winter. Vo2m,, exceeded standard metabolic rate by 6.6 times, and by 6.7-7.2 times in winter. Maximal instantaneous oxygen consumption (Vo2 i = maximal 1-min Vo2) under cold stress did not vary seasonally on either a per-bird or mass-specific basis. Mass loss rates during cold stress did not vary seasonally. Winter increases in V02 ma, and cold tolerance characterize metabolic acclimatization in Dark-eyed Juncos. Received 2 May 1989, accepted 29 January 1990. SMALL birds that overwinter in temperate climates show marked seasonal changes in cold tolerance (Hart 1962, Barnett 1970, Pohl and West 1973, Dawson and Carey 1976, Dawson et al. 1983). Seasonal variation in peak rates of cold-induced thermogenesis (Vo2ma., defined here as maximal Vo2 maintained over 10 min) in these birds has received little attention, mostly because of problems associated with generating experimental temperatures low enough to elicit maximum metabolism. High specific heat helium-oxygen gas mixtures (heliox) facilitate heat loss, and induce V02 max at less extreme temperatures (Rosenmann and Morrison 1974). Consequently, heliox gas mixtures have been used to document winter increases in maximal thermogenic capacity in several mammals, including snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus; Feist and Rosenmann 1975), red-backed voles (Clethrionomys rutilus; Rosenmann et al. 1975), and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus; Wickler 1980). In birds, Dawson and Smith (1986) documented an increased Vo2ma in winter-acclimatized American Goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) from Michigan compared with those acclimatized to spring conditions. Higher VO2max in winter may indicate changes in the metabolic machinery involved in thermogenesis that increase thermogenic capacity and enable small birds to prolong cold resistance. However, it remains unclear whether seasonal variation in maximal thermogenic capacity is widespread among small birds wintering in temperate cli-
Assessment of the role of plasmalogen in the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis

ii PREFACE.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.vi PUBLICATIONS.ix LIST OF TABLES.xv LIST OF FIGURES.xvii ABBREVIATIONS.xx 1 LITERATURE REVIEW . 2 1.1 OVERVIEW OF ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE . 2 1.1.1 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of ischaemic heart disease . 2 1.1.2 Risk factors associated with ischaemic heart disease . 3 1.1.2.1 Major risk factors . 4 1.1.2.1.1 Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) . 4 1.1.2.1.2 Triglycerides . 5 1.1.2.1. 3 High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) . 6 1.1.2.1. 4 Other major risk factors . 6 1.1.2.2 Emerging risk factors . 8 1.1. 3 Primary and secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease . 8 1.1. 3.1 Statins . 8 1.1. 3.2 Omega-3 fatty acids . 10 1.1. 3.3 Anti-oxidant vitamins . 13 1.2 OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION AS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS . 16 1.2.1 Oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular system . 16 1.2.1.1 Major sources of reactive oxygen species . 16 1.2.1.1.1 NADPH oxidase . 16 1.2.1.1.2 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase . 16 1.2.1.1. 3 Xanthine oxidase . 17 1.2.1.1. 4 Myeloperoxidase . 17 1.2.1.2 Markers of inflammation . 18
Scaling up movements: from individual space use to population patterns

Studying multiple individuals from multiple populations would add knowledge about the proportion of different movement strategies (migratory vs. resident) and how space use patterns vary within and across populations. This allows for effective conservation or management of partially migratory animal populations by identifying the appropriate size of management units and temporal interventions. However, this knowledge is often lacking as only a few individuals from a single population are tracked in space and time. To understand the drivers of intraspecific variation in movement patterns across a broad scale, we analyzed the multiannual space use of 307 moose (Alces alces), containing 544 single-year trajectories, from 10 study areas that are spread over a 1500-km latitudinal gradient. Using a novel approach, we quantified within- and among-population variation in movement and space use patterns. We identified the movement strategy (migratory, sedentary, nomadic, or dispersal) of moose and computed annual and seasonal home ranges. Individuals demonstrated variable movement strategies from migration to year-round residence. Summer home ranges were larger in northern study areas, whereas no geographical trends were detected among populations in winter home ranges. Individual-level traits, such as sex and age, along with factors related to the landscape, such as land use and habitat, explained variation within populations, whereas climatic factors such as temperature and vegetative productivity explained variation among populations. Importantly, the variables that explained individual-level variation in space use within populations were different for all our populations. We demonstrate the intricate interplay between individual life history and landscape scale variables and how they may determine the observed movement patterns and influence the scale of management.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to maize streak virus

Maize streak virus (MSV) causes a major disease of maize in Africa. TZi17, a tropical maize inbred with general resistance to MSV, was crossed to a susceptible tropical maize inbred, Hi34, and 110 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were produced by single seed descent without selection. The RILs were genotyped with 116 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and 4 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The same population was also evaluated for resistance to MSV under natural infection in winter 1992 and winter 1993 at IITA, Nigeria. RFLP markers were shown to be linked to a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1 conferring resistance to MSV through the composite interval mapping. The interval between RFLP marker asg30 and umc167 explained about 29.6% of the phenotypic variance with a peak LOD score of 6.0. A minor QTL for resistance to MSV was also identified and mapped on chromosome 9. with a peak LOD score of 3.0 that explained about 5.9% of the phenotypic variance.
Identification d'éléments régulateurs du gène CFTR et applications pour la mucoviscidose

La mucoviscidose est la maladie genetique letale la plus frequente dans les populations d’origine Caucasiennes et resulte de mutations du gene CFTR. Bien que de nombreux travaux aient permis de comprendre le mode de synthese et de maturation de la proteine ainsi que la fonction du canal CFTR, les mecanismes qui controlent l’expression de ce gene restent peu connus. En effet, le gene CFTR est finement regule au niveau tissulaire et au cours du developpement pulmonaire. Le controle de cette expression necessite le recrutement d’elements regulateurs qui modulent a la fois l’activite de son promoteur et la stabilite de son transcrit en contexte physiologique et lors de stress cellulaires induits par la pathologie. Le premier travail a ete d’identifier en contexte physiologique des regulateurs, incluant des facteurs de transcription et des miARNs, qui participent a la repression de l’expression du gene CFTR dans des cultures pulmonaires fœtales et matures. La determination d’elements cis represseurs a permis le developpement d’outils capables de stabiliser les transcrits CFTR. Grâce a l’utilisation d’oligonucleotides modifies bloquant la fixation des miARNs sur le transcrit CFTR, nous avons montre dans un modele ex vivo issu de patients CF, une augmentation du taux d’ARNm et de la quantite de proteines CFTR (p.Phe508del) ainsi qu’une restauration de l’activite du canal mute. Le second travail fait suite a l’exploration du locus CFTR, par des sequenceurs de deuxieme generation, des regions non codantes incluant les introns, sequences encore peu etudiees a ce jour. Sur une cohorte de patients CF chez qui une seule mutation avait ete identifiee, nous avons detecte de nouvelles mutations affectant l’epissage a travers l’insertion d’un exon cryptique. L’utilisation d’oligonucleotides modifies, specifiquement localises sur les introns cibles, a permis de restaurer la sequence normale des transcrits. Enfin, dans le but d’identifier de nouveaux miARNs qui participent a la physiopathologie CF, le profil d’expression des miARNs a ete evalue a partir de differents epitheliums respiratoires (polypes, nez, bronches) issus d’individus sains ou atteints de mucoviscidose. La caracterisation d’elements cis- et trans-regulateurs est essentielle pour poursuivre la comprehension des mecanismes impliques dans l’expression du gene CFTR ainsi que pour determiner de nouvelles cibles pour combattre la mucoviscidose.
Étude histologique du développement embryonnaire de quelques hydroméduses de Roscoff: Phialidium hemisphaericum (L.), Obelia sp. Péron et Lesueur, Sarsia eximia (Allman), Podocoryne carnea (Sars), Gonionemus vertens Agassiz

Nous avons étudié le développement embryonnaire de cinq Hydroméduses appartenant à quatre groupes différents (Leptoméduses, Anthoméduses Filifères et Gapitées, Limnoméduses). Les oeufs sont pondus et fécondés dans le milieu externe, la division est totale, radiaire et subégale et produit un embryon du type blastula (coeloblastula ou sterroblastula). La structure didermique est acquise après une gastrulation qui est différente selon les groupes, il s’agit d’une migration unipolaire, d’une délamination ou d’un réarrangement cellulaire par infiltration. La planula se différencie ensuite selon diverses modalités, mais correspond toujours au schéma classique connu : nous avons comparé la structure histologique de ces planudas en nous intéressant particulièrement aux cellules glandulaires et à la cnidogenèse.
Salt Stress Response of Sunflower Breeding Lines Developed After Wide Hybridization

Response of sunflower germplasms viz. cultivated sunflower H. annuus and two breeding lines H. annuus × T. rotundifolia and H. annuus × V. encelioides developed after wide hybridization were used for identification of salt tolerant sunflower genotypes at the seedling growth stage. Two levels of salinity stress (100 and 200 mM NaCl) were created and performances were monitored against a control. Physiological and biochemical stress, determining parameters such as root and shoot lengths, fresh weight, and antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPO), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were compared between seedlings of all three genotypes. The results indicated that all three genotypes had similar responses at different NaCl concentrations for seedling growth parameters studied which decreased with increasing salinity. The data obtained on antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD, GPO, and APX have shown significant differences among examined genotypes. Such differential responses of the enzymatic antioxidant systems of the tested sunflower genotypes with different origin put in evidence that the contrast between these genotypes in terms of salt tolerance exists. Of the three genotypes examined, hybrid line H . annuus × V. encelioides followed by line H. annuus × T. rotundifolia were more salt-tolerant as compared to the cultivated cultivar H. annuus cv 1114. Key words: Antioxidant enzymes, Helianthus annuus L. , intergeneric hybridization, interspecific hybridization, Tithonia rotundifolia , Verbesina encelioides
Effect of spices and Maillard reaction products on rancidity development in precooked refrigerated meat

Lipid oxidation in mutton, pork and chicken cooked in the presence of various spices, salt and Maillard reaction products (MRPs), followed by refrigerated storage was studied. Mutton was found to be least susceptible to rancidity development(Warmed over-flavour) compared to chicken and pork. Clove and MRPs exhibited very good antioxidative effects in all the three species, compared to salt and other spices. Studies in a model system, comprising methyl linoleate indicated that clove and MRPs were very effective in arresting the build up of secondary oxidation products, mainly formed during refrigerator storage of cooked meat. They were also found to affect the extent of release of non-haem iron during cooking of meat, which is believed to be the primary catalyst accelerating lipid oxidation.
A review of studies on effects of the Grent Gormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) colonies and roosts on forest ecosystem

コロニーや集団ねぐらとしてカワウに利用された森林における森林生態系の変化について,これまで明かとなっている知見を紹介し,研究の意義および今後の課題を論じた. 森林の植物や土壌は,糞の付着,羽ばたきや踏みつけによる枝葉の折り取り,巣材採集により影響を受けていると考えられた. 植物や土壌が受けた影響により,森林内の植物-土壌間,植物-植物間の相互作用,さらには土壌動物や菌類などの生物の群集構造が変化していると推察された. それら生物間,生物-非生物間相互作用のバランスの変化は,森林の遷移様式を大きく変えていると推察された. 今後,植物衰弱•枯死のメカニズムの解明,森林植生の長期変化のモニタリングと予測モデルの構築,森林 に生息する生物個体群動態と群集構造の変化の解明,コロニーや集団ねぐらで問題とされる個々の現象の検証に課題が残されていることを指摘した. 以上のような基礎的研究が,カワウによる森林被害問題の解決に向けた方策の模索に重要な役割を果たすことを指摘した.
Phytochemical Characterization Of Vernonia Amygdalina.Del Ethanolic Extract Fraction And Contractile Response On Isolated Uterine Tissue In Female Albino Wistar Rats

The aim of the research is to analyze the phytocomponent in the contractile fraction of Vernonia amygdalina on uterus using GC-MS analysis. In the present research, extract for leaf of Vernonia amygdalina was screened for contractile potential by standard test procedures and this study was further extended by fractionation and analyzing the potent bioactive compounds in the ethanolic extract fraction of Vernonia amygdalina leaves using GC-MS analysis. Using physiograph uterine tissue contractile amplitudes were determined at 0.25 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.7 mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 1.25mg/ml and 1.5mg/ml for the different fractions. Fraction F5 had the best contractile response on isolated uterine tissue in the presence of agonist acetylcholine (ACh). F5 was used for characterization by GCMS analysis. In the quantitative phytochemical characterization using various extracts of the plant, it was found that most of the biologically active phytochemicals were present in the ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of F5 revealed the presence of eleven bioactive compounds which includes, 3, 5-bis 1, 1 dimethylethyl (Phenol) ; Tetradecanoic acid ; 1, 2epoxyhexadecane(Oxirane) ; Methylhexadecanoate (Palmitic acid) ; Hexadecanoic acid (Eicosanoic acid); 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Linoleic acid); 3, 7-dimethyldodecan-1-ol (Phytol) ; 6-octadecenoic acid(Oleic acid); octadecanoic acid(Stearic acid); Cholest-5, 3-ol, 5-acetate (Cholestane) and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (Di-n-octyl phthalate). Results confirmed the presence of contractile potent compounds in the leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina Key Word: Vernonia amygdalina, Phytochemicals, GC-MS, Uterine tissue.
Phytochemical and Micromorphological Traits of Geranium dalmaticum and G. macrorrhizum (Geraniaceae)

A study of types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, chemical composition of essential oil, and the content of macroelements and trace elements was conducted on endemic and previously uninvestigated Geranium dalmaticum (Beck) Rech. f. and widely distributed G. macrorrhizum L. growing in Croatia. The essential oil of G. dalmaticum was characterized by a high concentration of monoterpenes (82.2%) and the oil of G. macrorrhizum by mainly sesquiterpenes (76.7%). Among the investigated macroelements, the content of Ca was the highest (19,125.6 mg/kg and 22,439.6 mg/kg in G. dalmaticum and G. macrorrhizum, respectively). The content of trace elements ranged from 0.16 (Cr) to 110.01 mg/kg (Al) in G. dalmaticum, and from 0.01 (Cd) to 101.8 mg/kg (Al) in G. macrorrhizum. Non-glandular trichomes and two (in G. dalmaticum three) types of capitate glandular trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2 composed of one basal epidermal cell, one or two stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 3 composed of one basal epidermal cell, 2–6 stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, stems and calyxes.