Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de vacunas contra el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1: Relevancia de la inmunidad celular contra subtipos

Development of vaccines for HIV-1. Relevance of subtype-specific cellular immunity . It has been � almost�30�yearssincethedetectionofthefirstHIV-1�casesandyetaneffectiveandsafevaccine� has not been developed. Although, advances in antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have produced a major impact on the pandemic, and even though HIV/aids remains a major concern for developing countries, where access to therapyislimited. �ThelastreportfromUNAIDSnotified �33�millionpeoplelivingwithHIV/aids,�worldwide,�while� in Argentina it is estimated that 120 000 persons have been infected. One of the challenges to address and ultimately overcome when developing a vaccine is the high variability of HIV-1. The M group, responsible for the pandemic, is divided into 10 subtypes and several sub-subtypes, in addition to the 48 circulating recombi- nant forms (CRF) and over one hundred unique recombinant forms (URF). The HIV epidemic in Argentina is as complex as in the rest of the world, characterized by the high prevalence of infections caused by subtype B and BF variants. Despite the wide range of publications focused on the immune response against HIV as well as to vaccine development, how to overcome variability on vaccine antigen selection is still unclear. Studies performed in our laboratory showed the impact of the immunogenicity of BF recombinant variants, both in humans and in animal models. These results are of great concern in vaccine development for our region.
Isolation of C. Sakazakii and Concentration of Enterobacteriaceae in Kitchen’s Neonatal Intensive Care (NIC)

International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Foods ranked Cronobacter sakazakii as "Severe hazard for restricted populations, life threatening or substantial chronic sequelae or long duration"(ICMSF, 2002). Among infants at greatest risk are infants less than 2 months of age. This research aimed to get more insight the habitat, to control the biological risk of the hospital kitchen`s environment at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology "Queen Geraldin", where the powered infant formula is prepared. Efficiency of risk control must be verified through the application of microbiological monitoring plan that provides application of microbiological environmental criteria, the proper cleaning of equipments used in production lines, control of the final product during their shelf live, collection of samples from the raw material, surfaces and environment as well as to take measures during preparation and reconstitution of powered infant formulae. This study was performed to determine the frequency distribution of C. sakazakii and the concentration of Enterobacteriaceae in different sampling areas of the kitchen. In order to identify potential environmental reservoirs we have analyzed 60 samples from the kitchen areas as well as personel hands. At the end we have quantified Enterobacteriaceae and isolate C. sakazakii from the total of 60 samples. We have detected the presence of C. sakazakii in two environmental samples (3.3%) of the cases. Care should be taken while preparing storing and handling PIF and rules should be respected to meet the highest level of microbiological safety in hospital/nursery as defined in MRA Series 10 (FAO/WHO 2004). Keywords: PIF; Cronobacter sakazakii; food safety, Enterobacteriaceae.
Tabagismo em gestantes de área urbana da região Sul do Brasil: 1982 e 1993

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as mudancas na prevalencia de tabagismo durante a gravidez na cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil, com base nos estudos da populacao materno-infantil realizados nos anos de 1982 e 1993. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, tendo sido identificados 6.011 e 5.304 recem-nascidos, cujas familias residiam na area urbana da cidade de Pelotas, respectivamente em 1982 e 1993. RESULTADOS: O tabagismo materno durante a gestacao apresentou uma discreta reducao de 35,7%, em 1982, para 33,5% em 1993 (p < 0,05). O habito de fumar esteve inversamente relacionado com a renda e o numero de consultas no pre-natal.
New concepts but the same solution regarding sudden infant death syndrome

El Sindrome Infantil de Muerte Subita (SIMS) es la primera causa de muerte en ninos entre un mes y un ano de vida. Se define como la muerte inesperada de un infante menor de un ano, en la que se ha realizado un analisis completo de la muerte y no se encuentra una causa aparente. A nivel mundial las campanas de sueno seguro han demostrado reduccion de la mortalidad infantil, sin embargo, aun existe desconocimiento de las recomendaciones preventivas dentro los profesionales de la salud y los padres, lo cual pone en riesgo a un alto numero de lactantes. Se han encontrado multiples asociaciones con factores que aumentan el riesgo para desarrollar SIMS, algunos asociados a la madre o el entorno y otros propios del infante. Debido al gran impacto que genera la reduccion de factores de riesgo extrinsecos, dentro de los cuales dormir en decubito prono o decubito lateral es el de mayor asociacion, sumado a la promocion de factores protectores como la lactancia materna, es importante que las recomendaciones preventivas se instauren desde el periodo prenatal. Este articulo presenta un recuento de la evidencia actual acerca de los factores de riesgo modificables y las practicas de “sueno seguro”, con el fin ultimo de prevenir muertes por SIMS.
Erradicación del Helicobacter pylori: encuesta realizada por la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología

The aim of this study is to present the results of an online survey about strategies and schemes used by members of the Colombian Association of Gastroenterology (ACG - Asociacion Colombiana de Gastroenterologia) to diagnose and eradicate Helicobacter pylori infections in light of the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Information was prospectively collected between December 2013 and May 2014 through a virtual questionnaire on the official website of the Colombian Association of Gastroenterology (ACG). The survey was answered by 114 physicians, of whom 60 (52%) were internists and gastroenterologists located in major cities. The results show that 61% (n = 71) of respondents adhere to the recommendations of Maastricht for the first line eradication scheme and 66% (n = 76) adhere to the consensus’ recommendations for the second line scheme. Another aspect of the survey that should be highlighted is that, in contrast to the recommendations of Maastricht that monoclonal fecal antigens or the urea breath test be used for assessment of eradication, the diagnostic test favored by 63% (n = 72) of respondents was upper endoscopy plus a biopsy with Giemsa staining. This is probably because of availability and costs in our country.The results of the survey show treatment schemes for eradication of Helicobacter preferred by the professionals who responded, and allow us to evaluate the acceptability of, and adherence to, the recommendationson treatment regimens of the consensus. This includes contrasts such as following up eradication treatment by endoscopy rather than the methods recommended by the consensus.
Reduction of propofol infusion pain using target controlled infusion of remifentanil

Received: June 11, 2013. Revised: 1st, July 9, 2013; 2nd, July 25, 2013. Accepted: October 8, 2013. Corresponding author: Woo Jae Jeon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 249-1, Kyomun-dong, Guri 471-701, Korea. Tel: 82-31-560-2395, Fax: 82-31563-1731, E-mail: goldnan@hanyang.ac. kr Reduction of propofol infusion pain using target controlled infusion of remifentanil
Correlates of perceived risk of HIV among injection drug users in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico

OF THE THESIS Correlates of Perceived Risk of HIV among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico by Richard F. Armenta Master of Public Health with a Concentration in Epidemiology and Master of Arts in Latin American Studies San Diego State University, 2011 Objective: The prevalence of injection drug use in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico is one of the highest in Mexico. The objective of this study was to identify correlates of perceived HIV risk among injection drugs users (IDUs) in Tijuana. Methods: IDUs ≥ 18 years of age who had injected drugs in the past six months were recruited using respondent driven sampling (RDS) from 2006-2007 and underwent interviews and testing for HIV, syphilis and tuberculosis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression with RDS adjustment was used to determine correlates of perceived HIV risk. Results: Of 1015 IDUs, 54.6% perceived themselves to be more likely to become HIV-infected relative to other IDUs in Tijuana, whereas 45.4% perceived themselves to be as likely or less likely to become HIV-infected. Factors independently associated with high perceived risk of HIV infection included: having health insurance (OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.83, 7.17), being homeless (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.26,4.76), ever being deported from the US (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.82), using a syringe to divide drugs at least half the time (OR = 6.30, 95% CI: 2.12, 18.66), never or only sometimes using a new/sterile syringe to inject drugs (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.81), injecting drugs ≥4 days a week (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.80), not having sex in the past six months (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.09), never having had a prior HIV test (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.60, 4.10), receiving something in exchange for sex in the past six months (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.96), and ever having had sex with an HIV-positive person (OR = 8.59, 95% CI: 3.13, 23.55). Conclusions: Findings suggest that the majority of IDUs in Tijuana recognize that they are at risk of HIV infection, and this recognition is associated with both high-risk behaviors and markers of vulnerability such as homelessness and deportation from the United States. The findings support efforts to encourage those who recognize their risk to adopt healthier behaviors. Such efforts should include the promotion of HIV testing and access to health care for this highly vulnerable population, coupled with free access to sterile syringes and drug abuse treatment which have been shown to reduce the risk of blood-borne infections.
ANATOMIC VARIATIONS OF PARANASAL SINUSES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SINUSITIS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CT SCAN STAGING

The presence of anatomic variations of paranasal sinuses must be noted in order to attain a full understanding and accurate diagnosis of chronic sinusitis. The frequency of anatomic variations in chronic sinusitis is different in various studies. The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of anatomic variations in chronic sinusitis patients admitted to Otolaryngology ward of Shahid Sadoughi hospital in the year 2004 and underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Based on preoperative paranasal sinus CT scan the extent of patients diseases on a scale of 0-IV and the presence of anatomic variations was determined. A total of 120 patients were included. We found Agger Nasi cells in 43(36), Haller cells in 5 (4.17) conchae bullosa in 15(12.5), paradoxical middle turbinate in 2 (1.67) and septal deviation in 54 patients (45). Patients with Agger Nasi (P.value : 0.015) and conchae bullosa (P.Value : 0.024) demonstrated significantly higher scores on sinus CT scan compared with patients without Agger Nasi cells and conchae bullosa respectively. Three months postoperatively we observed significantly less resolution of nasal congestion (P.Value : 0.006) in patients with septal deviation than patients without it. No significant difference was seen among patients with and without other anatomic variations with regard to resolution of rhinorrhea and nasal congestion three months postoperatively. © 2007 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Studies with a murine monoclonal antibody that abolishes ristocetin- induced binding of von Willebrand factor to platelets: additional evidence in support of GPIb as a platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor

: A murine monoclonal antibody directed at or near a platelet membrane receptor for the von Willebrand factor was produced by the hybridoma technique. Purified F(ab')2 fragments and/or intact antibody completely blocked the agglutination of platelets induced by both ristocetin and bovine von Willebrand factor and the binding of von Willebrand factor antigen to platelets. The antibody also decreased platelet retention, prevented the reduction in platelet electrophoretic mobility caused by bovine von Willebrand factor, and decreased the serum prothrombin time. Radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments bound to or approximately 2.5 X 10(4) sites on normal platelets with high affinity (KD or approximately 1.5 X 10(-8) M); there was no binding to platelets from 2 patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome. Immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography studies indicated that the antibody binds to glycoprotein lb at a site contained on the externally oriented portion of the GPIb alpha chain (glycocalicin). An unidentified mol wt or approximately 20,000 molecule labeled by periodate/NaB3H4 coprecipitated and copurified with GPIb.
Massive fetomaternal hemorrage cause hydrops in pregnancy at term: Case report and literature revision

Objetivo: la hemorragia fetomaterna masiva es una complicación rara del embarazo, que puede causar anemia fetal severa y muerte fetal intrauterina. Se presenta un caso clínico con el objetivo de hacer una revisión de la fisiopatología del diagnóstico y del tratamiento Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer en la semana 39 de embarazo, remitida al Hospital La Paz de Madrid, centro de referencia de atención materna y perinatal, por signos ecográficos de hidrops y de insuficiencia cardíaca derecha. El registro cardiotocográfico evidenció un patrón sinusoidal. La recién nacida presentó acidosis metabólica y anemia severa. El estudio anatomopatológico de la placenta fue sugestivo de anemia fetal crónica. El test de Kleihauer-Betke evidenció hemorragia fetomaterna de 90-100 ml. HEMORRAGIA FETOMATERNA MASIVA COMO CAUSA DE HIDROPS EN GESTACIÓN A TÉRMINO. REPORTE DE CASO Y REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
Systemic Sublingual Delivery of Octreotide Acetate Utilizing Low-Current Oral Electrical Stimulation in Rabbits

Systemic Sublingual Delivery of Octreotide Acetate Utilizing Low-Current Oral Electrical Stimulation in Rabbits. (August 2012) Christina Marie Bolch, B.S., Texas A&M University; M.E. , Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. John C. Criscione A sublingual electronic pill is a novel device designed to enhance delivery of drugs/ biologics sublingually utilizing low-current electrical stimulation. Our primary aim was to explore safe limits of oral electrical stimulus in animals and conduct a randomized, sham-controlled animal study to quantify benefits of electrical stimulation on sublingual absorption of octreotide (a small peptide) as a first step in the development of this technology. A system to deliver low-current alternating and direct current stimuli to the oral mucosa of rabbits was constructed, and five groups were studied to determine the significance of sublingual octreotide diffusion in the presence of three different electrical stimulation scenarios: +DC (+4 mA), -DC (-4 mA), and AC (2 mA peakto-peak, 20 Hz square wave). These were compared to an Oral Baseline Absorption Group (sublingual diffusion in the absence of stimulation) to determine statistical significance of electrical stimulus; and a Subcutaneous Control Group (bolus injection) to discern therapeutic significance.
Exactitud del test ADN-HPV para la detección de la enfermedad cervical de alto grado (NIC 2+) en mujeres con anormalidades citológicas (ASC-US y LSIL), afiliadas a la seguridad social en Bogotá (Colombia)

Objective: evaluating the accuracy of the HPV DNA test as a complementary test for diagnosing highgrade cervical disease (high-grade squamous intra epithelia lesions-HSIL) in women with minor cytological abnormalities (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). Methodology: a diagnostic validity study based on a cross-sectional design was applied to 429 women who had had a cytological report of ASC-US and/or LSIL who were attending a health maintenance organisation’s cervical cancer screening programme in Bogota, Colombia between January 2006 and October 2008. Colposcopy reports and HPV-DNA testresultswerecomparedwithpathologicalreports which were considered the gold standard.Results: 344 (80.2%) of the 429 women had a cytological report of ASC-US and 85 (19.8%) of them one for LSIL. High-risk HPV infection prevalence was 52.9% and 75.7% in patients having an ASC-US and LSIL report, respectively. A biopsy specimen was obtained in 379 of the 429 participants and 24 high-grade cases (6.3%) were diagnosed. DNA-HPV test sensitivity was 88% and specificity was 44% for detecting high-grade disease (CIN 2+) in women having an ASC-US and LSIL cytology report . The presence of high-risk HPV virus was detected in 21 of the 24 HSIL cases (87.5%). Conclusion: the DNA-HPV test’s higher sensitivity compared to the PAP smear (due to high NPV) means that it could be considered a useful tool for stratifying risk and improving the diagnostic approach to premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix in patients having a cytological report of ASC-US.
Conceding and concealing judgement in termination of pregnancy; a grounded theory study

This study aimed to elicit some of the affective attributes in nurses and midwives involved in caring for those undergoing abortion and explore how they may affect the care given. Nurses and midwives face challenges in caring for women during abortion. Recent advances have resulted in more nursing/midwifery input into abortions. Impending legislation is also likely to increase nursing involvement and yet little is known of the likely impact on those involved. Twelve nurses and midwives working in termination of pregnancy services throughout Wales were interviewed using a grounded theory approach. An early affective attribute was being non-judgemental, but the core category derived from comparative analysis revealed that nurses and midwives conceded judging the women, but then concealed their judgements. To help them conceal their judgements maxims were used such as ‘there but for the grace of God go I’. Goffman’s work on stigma was used to challenge and integrate the grounded theory into the literature. As being non-judgemental is an aspiration, acknowledging that judgement occurs may be more appropriate for clinical nurses in order for them to devise strategies to conceal judgements in a considered manner.
Orientações sobre amamentação: a vantagem do Programa de Saúde da Família em municípios gaúchos com mais de 100.000 habitantes no âmbito do PROESF

OBJETIVOS: Descrever as orientacoes sobre amamentacao fornecidas as gestantes e comparar sua frequencia durante o pre-natal de acordo com o modelo de atencao: Programa de Saude da Familia (PSF) ou Tradicional. METODOS: Integrando a pesquisa de avaliacao do PROESF/UFPEL (2005), estudou-se mulheres que tiveram filhos nos dois anos anteriores a entrevista, residentes na area de abrangencia de 93 Unidades Basicas de Saude (UBS) em 17 municipios gauchos com mais de 100.000 habitantes. Entre marco e maio de 2005, 15 entrevistadores selecionados e capacitados coletaram informacoes em entrevistas domiciliares de 568 mulheres que fizeram o pre-natal na UBS de sua area de abrangencia, atraves de questionarios padronizados e pre-codificados. Na analise dos dados, utilizou-se o teste t para a comparacao entre as medias e o teste do qui-quadrado para associacao entre as proporcoes, considerando-se significativas as diferencas com valor p inferior a 0,05. Tambem foram calculadas as razoes de prevalencia (RP), com intervalos de confianca de 95%. RESULTADOS: Todas as proporcoes de orientacoes sobre amamentacao foram significativamente mais referidas por moradoras de areas com PSF do que em moradoras de areas de UBS tradicionais. Quando as orientacoes foram analisadas em um escore quantitativo, verificou-se que 18% das maes nao receberam nenhuma orientacao, 39% receberam pelo menos uma e 43% receberam todas as orientacoes investigadas e estas proporcoes foram significativamente diferentes de acordo com o tipo de UBS, em favor do PSF. CONCLUSOES: Os servicos de atencao primaria do PSF mostraram-se mais efetivos no fornecimento de informacoes sobre amamentacao, o que constitui uma vantagem que deve ser incentivada, tanto com a expansao da estrategia, ampliando sua cobertura populacional, quanto recomendando que profissionais vinculados a atencao tradicional possam ser motivados a incluir em seus atendimentos de pre-natal o reforco as orientacoes preconizadas em aleitamento materno.
Hydrops Fetalis Caused by α-Thalassemia: An Emerging Health Care Problem

HYDROPS FETALIS is a serious disorder, usually indicative of an ominous prognosis for the affected fetus. There are many causes, including both hereditary and acquired diseases. [1-3][1] In southeast Asia, α-thalassemia is the most common cause of fetal hydrops, accounting for 60% to 90% of the
Propiedades químicas y biológicas de Arbutus unedo: una planta con potencial medicinal

Introduction: in recent years, there has been encouragement for the search of new treatments based on natural products with rather good acceptance worldwide; however, toxicity, dose and mechanism of action of many of these plants are unknown. Arbutus unedo, known as the strawberry tree, is widely used in traditional medicine around the world, popularly known for its diuretic, antiseptic properties and its use in cardiovascular diseases and hypertension Objective: to determine the chemical composition and biological applications of Arbutus unedo to establish its potential for treatment of chronic infectious diseases. Methods: comprehensive and updated review was conducted from 1999 to 2014 in different databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, Ebsco, PubMed and SciELO; it served to identify the main chemical compounds and the biological activity of extracts from different A. unedo parts. Results: ihe review allowed us to determine the chemical wealth in terms of phenolic compounds and the variety of biological activities presented by this species which expands the possibilities of using it as a source of antioxidants, antibacterial, antihypertensive, anti-atherogenic and antiplatelet compounds, among others. Conclusion: chemical richness, reports on few adverse effects in human beings, existence of vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and tannins turn this plant into a potential source of useful phytodrugs for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. It is necessary to continue performing bio-directed research to identify active principles for the development of antibiotics, antioxidants, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs of natural origin.
Phase I study of sequential targeted gene delivery: Intravenous infusions of Rexin-G followed by Reximmune-C induce tumor necrosis and recruitment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in cancerous lesions

3077 Background: Rexin-G and Reximmune-C are pathotropic nanoparticles bearing a cytocidal cyclin G1 gene and a granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene respectively. The purpose of the Phase I study is to evaluate the safety and therapeutic potential of i.v. infusions of Rexin-G followed by Reximmune-C, in an effort to achieve a personalized cancer vaccination in vivo in patients with chemo-resistant solid tumors. Methods: Seven patients received Rexin-G i.v. at a dose of 4 x 10e10 cfu per day for 2 -6 weeks followed by Reximmune-C i.v. at 2.5 x 10e9 cfu or 5 x 10e10 cfu per day for 2 to 5 days (Cumulative Dose: 1.00 -1.25 x 10e10 cfu). Results: There was no dose-limiting toxicity noted and GM-CSF protein was NOT detected in serum samples obtained during and after treatment with Reximmune-C. Immunologic reactions consisted of flu-like symptoms in two patients, redness and swelling of tumor-infiltrated cervical lymph node and metastatic chest nodule in two patients, swelling and acu.