Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First full-size ATLAS barrel toroid coil successfully tested up to 22 kA at 4 T

The Superconducting Barrel Toroid is providing (together with the two End-Cap Toroids not presented here) the magnetic field for the muon detectors in the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC at CERN. The toroid with outer dimensions of 25 m length and 20 m diameter, is built up from 8 identical racetrack coils. The coils with 120 turns each are wound with an aluminum stabilized NbTi conductor and operate at 20.5 kA at 3.9 T local field in the windings and is conduction cooled at 4.8 K by circulating forced flow helium in cooling tubes attached to the cold mass. The 8 coils of 25 m /spl times/ 5 m are presently under construction and the first coils have already been fully integrated and tested. Meanwhile the assembly of the toroid 100 m underground in the ATLAS cavern at CERN has started. The 8 coils are individually tested on surface before installation. In this paper the test of the first coil, unique in size and manufacturing technology, is described in detail and the results are compared to the previous experience with the 9 m long B0 model coil.
Permeation of calcium through excitatory amino acid receptor channels in cultured rat hippocampal neurones.

1. N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐, quisqualate‐ and kainate‐induced currents were recorded in cultured rat hippocampal neurones using the whole‐cell voltage‐clamp technique. To isolate the inward currents carried by Ca2+ and other divalent cations (Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+), both Na+ and K+ in the control external solution were replaced with the impermeant cation N‐methylglucamine (NMG). 2. Replacement of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ with NMG abolished NMDA‐, quisqualate‐ and kinate‐induced inward currents. In Na(+)‐, K(+)‐free (abbreviated simply as Na(+)‐free) solution containing 10 mM‐Ca2+ NMDA caused prominent inward currents at ‐60 mV. In this solution with the internal solution containing 165 mM‐Cs+, the reversal potential of the NMDA‐induced current was ‐5.0 +/‐ 0.7 mV (n = 36), indicating a value of PCa/PCs = 6.2 for the ratio of the permeability coefficients of Ca2+ and Cs+ according to the constant‐field equation. 3. NMDA elicited inward current responses at ‐60 mV in Na(+)‐, Ca2(+)‐free solution containing 10 mM‐Sr2+, Ba2+, or Mn2+, but not in Na(+)‐free, 10 mM‐Mg2+ solution. On the basis of reversal potential measurements, the permeability sequence of NMDA receptor channels among the divalent cations was determined to be Ba2+ (1.2) greater than Ca2+ (1.0) greater than Sr2+ (0.8) greater than Mn2+ (0.3) much greater than Mg2+ (less than 0.02). 4. The reversal potential of the quisqualate‐induced current was more negative than ‐80 mV in Na(+)‐free, 10 mM‐Ca2+ solution, indicating a value of PCa/PCs less than 0.18. 5. Kainate‐induced current responses were classified into two types. In the type I response the reversal potential of the kainate‐induced current was more negative than ‐80 mV in Na(+)‐free, 10 mM‐Ca2+ solution, indicating that the Ca2+ permeability of this type of kainate channel is as low as that of the quisqualate channel. In the neurones which showed a type I response, there was a tendency of outward rectification in the current‐voltage plots of the kainate response in control solution. 6. In the type II response kainate caused prominent inward currents at ‐60 mV in Na(+)‐free, 10 mM‐Ca2+ solution. The reversal potential was ‐23.3 +/‐ 5.6 mV (n = 17), indicating a permeability ratio PCa/PCs = 2.3. In the neurones which showed a type II response, a remarkable inward rectification was observed in the current‐voltage plots of the kainate response in control solution. 7. Type II kainate channels showed relatively poor selectivity among divalent cations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Des grammaires formelles pour définir une correspondance

Dans cet article nous introduisons la notion de grammaire transductive, c’est-adire une grammaire formelle definissant une correspondance entre deux familles de structures. L’accent sera mis sur le module syntaxique de la theorie Sens-Texte et sur une famille elementaire de grammaires de dependance transductives. Nous nous interesserons a la comparaison avec les grammaires generatives, ce qui nous amenera a discuter de l’interpretation des modeles generatifs actuels.
WHO approach to track HIV drug resistance emergence and transmission in countries scaling up HIV treatment.

Treatment access programmes are currently expanding in resource-limited settings. The potential barriers to long-term success (such as intermittent drug supply drug stock-outs poor patient monitoring incorrect prescribing practices and low adherence) as well as the need to begin programmes quickly to treat millions of individuals have raised fears that the aggressive plan to roll out antiretroviral therapy (ART) particularly in Africa may generate an epidemic of drug-resistant strains of HIV. (excerpt)
Doppler Spectra for F2F Radio Channels With Moving Scatterers

Based on a ring, a disk, and an elliptical scattering models, the power spectral densities (PSDs) are derived and investigated for fixed-to-fixed (F2F) propagation scenarios with moving scatterers located at a predefined geometry of the models. The velocity distributions of the moving scatterers are assumed to follow uniform, exponential, and mixed Gaussian, and the scatterers can be moving with either low or high speed. The results show that the one ring, the disk, and the model in [14] are very close in describing the PSDs for the F2F radio channels. Moreover, different shape factors have little effect on the PSDs in the disk model. As the shape factor is large enough, the disk model tends to be the same as the one-ring model. The PSDs derived from the elliptical model are different from the one ring and disk models because the scatterers are not only distributed nearby the transceiver, but also distributed along the path between the two ends of the transceiver.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative isolates from outpatient clinical and environmental samples in the Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction: Infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates in patients are hard to treat and cause high morbidity and mortality. ESBL-producing bacteria have been increasingly detected in environmental samples in different countries since 2002, and have gained considerable attention worldwide.Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. The production of ESBLs was determined by the double-disk synergy test.Results: Among the outpatient clinical samples, out of 2857 Gram-negative bacteria, 184 (6.5%) ESBL-producing bacteria were isolated. In this group, 143 (77.7%) were from urine samples, 26 (14.1%) from surgical wounds, 6 (3.3%) from umbilical swabs, and 9 (4.9%) from other patients sites (upper respiratory tract, cannula, eyes, genital swabs). Escherichia coli was isolated in 62 (33.7%), and Klebsiella spp. in 50 (27.8%) cases. Among the environmental samples, out of 381 Gram-negative bacteria, 52 (13.6%) were ESBL-producing isolates. In this group, 37 (71.2%) were sampled from water, 7 (13.5%) from food, and 8 (15.4%) from environmental surfaces. The most prevalent ESBL-producing bacteria isolated from the environmental samples were E. coli (isolated from 26 samples), Klebsiella spp. (10), non-fermenters (9), and other bacteria isolated from 7 samples. The clinical outpatient ESBL-producing isolates showed resistance to all cephalosporins, ranging from 25% (cefepime) to 100% (cefuroxime). The environmental ESBL-producing isolates showed resistance to cefuroxime, aztreonam, cefpodoxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and cefoxitin in the range of 65-100%. Conclusions: Prevalence of antibiotic resistance of ESBL-producing strains is high and requires routine detection of ESBL-producing isolates in the laboratories, designing of appropriate antibiotic prescribing policies and control of the risk factors.
Multiple linear regression for protein secondary structure prediction

In the present work, a novel method was proposed for prediction of secondary structure. Over a database of 396 proteins (CB396) with a three‐state‐defining secondary structure, this method with jackknife procedure achieved an accuracy of 68.8% and SOV score of 71.4% using single sequence and an accuracy of 73.7% and SOV score of 77.3% using multiple sequence alignments. Combination of this method with DSC, PHD, PREDATOR, and NNSSP gives Q3 = 76.2% and SOV = 79.8%. Proteins 2001;43:256–259. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sistema Integrado de Simulación de NoCs

Resumen— La simulacion suele ser el metodo utilizado para evaluar diferentes propuestas sobre componentes de un sistema de computacion. Sin embargo, la mayoŕia de las veces los simuladores se limitan a modelar solo la parte del sistema en la que se esta interesado. No incluir el resto del sistema a la hora de evaluar una determinada configuracion de un componente determinado, puede no considerar detalles importantes que acaben influyendo sobre los resultados y conclusiones, que se alcancen a partir del proceso de evaluacion. Por esta razon, es cada vez mas frecuente que en el ambito de la arquitectura de computadores se usen simuladores de sistema completo, quizas no tanto en el campo especifico de los sistemas de interconexion. En este trabajo se describe una herramienta de simulacion basada en un sistema completo y orientada a la evaluacion de propuestas sobre redes en chip. Es un sistema que integra varias herramientas de simulacion ya existentes. En concreto el entorno de simulacion esta basado en Simics-GEMS extendido con un simulador de redes en chip.
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase 1α Modulates Ribosomal RNA Gene Silencing through Its Interaction with Histone H3 Lysine 9 Trimethylation and Heterochromatin Protein HP1-α*

Background: Cell cycle-specific localization and nuclear function of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase1α (PIP5K) is unclear. Results: SUMOylation of PIP5K at Lys-244 and Lys-490 directs its nuclear entry and its interaction with H3K9me3/HP1-α, respectively. Conclusion: PIP5K functions as a member of the rDNA silencing complex. Significance: Our results indicate a possible novel epigenetic role of PIP5K per se in silencing of rDNA. Phosphoinositide signaling has been implicated in the regulation of numerous cellular processes including cytoskeletal dynamics, cellular motility, vesicle trafficking, and gene transcription. Studies have also shown that nuclear phosphoinositide(s) regulates processes such as mRNA export, cell cycle progression, gene transcription, and DNA repair. We have shown previously that the nuclear form of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 1α (PIP5K), the enzyme responsible for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis, is modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1. In this study, we have shown that due to the site-specific Lys to Ala mutations of PIP5K at Lys-244 and Lys-490, it is unable to localize in the nucleus and nucleolus, respectively. Furthermore, by using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we have observed that PIP5K associates with the chromatin silencing complex constituted of H3K9me3 and heterochromatin protein 1α at multiple ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci. These interactions followed a definite cyclical pattern of occupancy (mostly G1) and release from the rDNA loci (G1/S) throughout the cell cycle. Moreover, the immunoprecipitation results clearly demonstrate that PIP5K SUMOylated at Lys-490 interacts with components of the chromatin silencing machinery, H3K9me3 and heterochromatin protein 1α. However, PIP5K does not interact with the gene activation signature protein H3K4me3. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that PIP5K, an enzyme actively associated with lipid modification pathway, has additional roles in rDNA silencing.
A Low-Power Continuously-Calibrated Clock Recovery Circuit for UHF RFID EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Transponders

A low-power, reliable and re-configurable clock recovery circuit for UHF RFID transponders for the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard is proposed. Based on a digital frequency-locked loop, the clock recovery circuit uses timing information available in the downlink data, namely, the pulse intervals of the PIE-coded data, to calibrate an oscillator's output frequency to meet the stringent frequency accuracy requirement of the standard. Fabricated in a 0.18-¿m standard CMOS technology, the clock recovery circuit provides a calibrated frequency of 2.56 MHz with a frequency deviation within the range from -3.2% to +1.2% over process, supply voltage and temperature variations. The chip has an active area of 0.22 ¿m2, operates from a supply voltage from 0.75 V to 1.3 V, and consumes less than 2 ¿W for a 1-V supply.
The tale of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling: A soigné enigma

Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) is a secreted cytokine, which intricately controls a plethora of physiological and pathological processes during development and carcinogenesis. TGFβ exerts antiproliferative effects and functions as a tumor suppressor during early stages of tumorigenesis, whereas at later stages it functions as a tumor promoter aiding in metastatic progression through an autocrine TGFβ loop. Intricate knowledge of TGFβ signaling and its regulation are still evolving. In this review, we make an attempt to showcase the associated enigma of TGFβ signaling in its dual functional role as tumor suppressor and metastatic promoter during early and late stages of carcinogenesis, respectively. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(10): 929–939, 2009
Effect of nanotubes and apatite on growth factor release from PLLA scaffolds

There is an evident clinical need for artificial bone restorative materials. In this respect, novel composites based on poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) have been described. The bone response of such polymer‐based composites is usually improved by the addition of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). However, released BMP‐2 is cleared almost immediately from the site of implantation by diffusion, whereas a prolonged retention of BMP‐2 onto the scaffold has been suggested to be more favourable. Besides the ability to improve the mechanical strength and osteoconductivity of polymeric scaffolds, both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and microhydroxyapatite (µHA) have been described to facilitate such retention of BMP‐2 when incorporated into a composite scaffold. Therefore, in the current study, radiolabelled BMP‐2 was loaded onto plain PLLA and composite PLLA–CNT–µHA scaffolds. Subsequently, the scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously for 5 weeks in rats and BMP‐2 release was measured. Release started with an initial phase of quick release, followed by a gradual release of BMP‐2. Both scaffold types comprised the same in vivo release properties for BMP‐2. The bioactivity of the BMP‐2 remained unaltered. It can be concluded that incorporated CNTs and µHA did not affect BMP‐2 release from composite scaffold materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making the Case for Hastening Progress Toward Health Equity

Health equity has been defined in many ways, but essentially the concept focuses on promoting social justice rather than economic or social status as the primary means for determining access to good health and wellbeing (Braveman, 2006). Another way, however, of viewing the concept of health equity is through the lens of social justice, given the longstanding disparities in access to opportunities available to different populations in our communities. Thus, not only is the aspiration of achieving health for all essential to a civilized and just society, but also, most importantly, health equity is a fundamental measure of our humanity. Health is of critical moral importance because it protects opportunities to pursue goals, reduce pain and suffering from poor health, and extend life expectancy. The poor health outcomes observed among people of color relative to the majority group population reduces their fair share of the available societal and economic opportunities (Daniel, 2008). Although historical injustices cannot be rewritten, there are critical moral and economic imperatives that drive researchers, policy makers, and public health professionals to seek solutions that promote health equity. The principle underlying the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides an ethical framework for society to address health inequalities. According to this principle, all human rights—civil, political, economic, social, and cultural—are interdeThe views expressed in this commentary are those of the author and not necessarily of the author’s organizations or of the Institute of Medicine. The commentary is intended to help inform and stimulate discussion. It has not been subjected to the review procedures of the Institute of Medicine and is not a report of the Institute of Medicine or of the National Research Council.
Cross-layer optimization for wireless systems: a european research key challenge

Anew design paradigm has recently arisen in wireless communications research: so-called cross-layer optimization. In fact, this implies the redefinition of the overall design strategies for this kind of system as it breaks the classical open systems interconnection (OSI) model. The endless need for higher bit rates, stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, and need for anytime anywhere wireless connections lead to the necessity of squeezing to the outmost the available radio bandwidth. Cross-layer plays a key role in achieving this goal. Literature on ross-layer-related issues is still relatively scarce, but recently published results show that the potential obtainable gains deserve the increasing attention cross-layer is getting. European research efforts on this topic have been increasing in the last years, and currently active research lines on this topic are gaining relevance. New Design Concept During the last decade, significant growth of digital wireless communications systems has arisen. Wireless networks initially inherited the traditional OSI-layer-based architecture from wired networks, where each layer is worked out based on its parameters as a separate entity. The OSI model is a widely known, well accepted framework for communication systems [1, 2]. With this model, systems are decomposed in seven layers (physical, link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application). Each is responsible for a subset of the system’s operational functions. Messages are interchanged between entities of the same layer in both the transmitter and receiver. Each layer is aware of its own messages and embeds its information into upper layer messages when they go down in the layer stack, while it discards the lower layers’ informa
Understanding Primes: The Role of Representation.

In this article we investigate how preservice elementary school (K‐7) teachers understand the concept of prime numbers. We describe participants’ understanding of primes and attempt to detect factors that influence their understanding. Representation of number properties serves as a lens for the analysis of participants’ responses. We suggest that an obstacle to the conceptual understanding of primality of numbers is the lack of a transparent representation for a prime number.
Crystal structure of cis-aquachlorido(rac-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-κ4 N)chromium(III) tetrachloridozincate trihydrate from synchrotron data

The CrIII ion in the title cationic complex is coordinated by four N atoms from the macrocyclic ligand, one water molecule and one chloride in a cis geometry, displaying a distorted octahedral environment. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Imaging medullary thyroid carcinoma with persistent elevated calcitonin levels.

PURPOSE Because calcitonin level remains elevated after initial treatment in many medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients without evidence of disease in the usual imaging work-up, there is a need to define optimal imaging procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-five consecutive elevated calcitonin level MTC patients were enrolled to undergo neck and abdomen ultrasonography (US); neck, chest, and abdomen spiral computed tomography (CT); liver and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); bone scintigraphy; and 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan (PET). RESULTS Fifty patients underwent neck US, CT, and PET, and neck recurrence was demonstrated in 56, 42, and 32%, respectively. Lung and mediastinum lymph node metastases in the 55 patients were demonstrated in 35 and 31% by CT and in 15 and 20% by PET. Liver imaging with MRI, CT, US, and PET in 41 patients showed liver in 49, 44, 41, and 27% patients, respectively. Bone metastases in 55 patients were demonstrated in 35% by PET, 40% by bone scintigraphy, and 40% by MRI; bone scintigraphy was complementary with MRI for axial lesions but superior for the detection of peripheral lesions. Ten patients had no imaged tumor site despite elevated calcitonin level (median 196 pg/ml; range 39-816). FDG uptake in neoplastic foci was higher in progressive patients but with a considerable overlap with stable ones. CONCLUSION The most efficient imaging work-up for depicting MTC tumor sites would consist of a neck US, chest CT, liver MRI, bone scintigraphy, and axial skeleton MRI. FDG PET scan appeared to be less sensitive and of low prognostic value.
Anti‐MDA5 positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis presenting with severe cardiomyopathy

Anti‐MDA5 (Melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5) positive dermatomyositis is a new variant of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis that presents with characteristic mucocutaneous findings and is associated with a higher risk of developing rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Because its presentation differs from that of classical dermatomyositis, this entity can be a diagnostic challenge for the clinician.
Impact of PET and MRI threshold-based tumor volume segmentation on patient-specific targeted radionuclide therapy dosimetry using CLR1404

Variations in tumor volume segmentation methods in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) may lead to dosimetric uncertainties. This work investigates the impact of PET and MRI threshold-based tumor segmentation on TRT dosimetry in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. In this study, PET/CT images of five brain cancer patients were acquired at 6, 24, and 48 h post-injection of 124I-CLR1404. The tumor volume was segmented using two standardized uptake value (SUV) threshold levels, two tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) threshold levels, and a T1 Gadolinium-enhanced MRI threshold. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC), jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), and overlap volume (OV) metrics were calculated to compare differences in the MRI and PET contours. The therapeutic 131I-CLR1404 voxel-level dose distribution was calculated from the 124I-CLR1404 activity distribution using RAPID, a Geant4 Monte Carlo internal dosimetry platform. The TBR, SUV, and MRI tumor volumes ranged from 2.3–63.9 cc, 0.1–34.7 cc, and 0.4–11.8 cc, respectively. The average ± standard deviation (range) was 0.19 ± 0.13 (0.01–0.51), 0.30 ± 0.17 (0.03–0.67), and 0.75 ± 0.29 (0.05–1.00) for the JSC, DSC, and OV, respectively. The DSC and JSC values were small and the OV values were large for both the MRI-SUV and MRI-TBR combinations because the regions of PET uptake were generally larger than the MRI enhancement. Notable differences in the tumor dose volume histograms were observed for each patient. The mean (standard deviation) 131I-CLR1404 tumor doses ranged from 0.28–1.75 Gy GBq−1 (0.07–0.37 Gy GBq−1). The ratio of maximum-to-minimum mean doses for each patient ranged from 1.4–2.0. The tumor volume and the interpretation of the tumor dose is highly sensitive to the imaging modality, PET enhancement metric, and threshold level used for tumor volume segmentation. The large variations in tumor doses clearly demonstrate the need for standard protocols for multimodality tumor segmentation in TRT dosimetry.