Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary hypertension in potential heart transplant recipients: current treatment strategies

Purpose of reviewPulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease is the most commonly encountered form of pulmonary hypertension and is associated with a poor prognosis. As the global burden of heart failure grows, this associated disease can be a major impediment to those patients undergoing cardiac transplantation, given its association with post-transplant right ventricular failure. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart failure remains poorly understood, thereby rendering targeted treatment strategies largely undefined. In this review, we provide a review of the currently available literature in this unique patient population. Recent findingsThe current focus on better defining the underlying pathophysiology and standardizing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease need to be interpreted and made applicable in the context of clinical practice. Given the relative paucity of successful, targeted pharmacological options, there is an increasing evidence that device-based therapies, used in conjuncture with medical therapy, may help in lowering the pulmonary pressures by causing sustained left ventricular unloading. SummaryPulmonary hypertension in the context of left heart disease is the most common form of pulmonary hypertension encountered in clinical practice and is associated with worse prognosis in patients being considered for cardiac transplantation. Therapies targeting left ventricular unloading, as well as pulmonary vascular remodeling, are being increasingly studied and used in daily practice.
Development of the crude oil prices and the stock market

In this paper we analyze the development of the Crude Oil Prices and the Stock Market since the decade of the 70 ́s. We identify the cycles and the upward and downward phases of these series and analyze a number of their features: the period or length of cycle, the duration of the upward and downward phases, the relative position of the high, the percentage of return during periods of upward and downward phases and the percentage of retracement of movement from low to high. We also analyze the degree of correlation between the Oil Prices and the Stock Market. We will find if the crude oil prices will explain what “drives” the stock market. Time series theory is of interest primarily for this analysis because they help identify market cycles and turning points in those market cycles. In this work we extract the trend and the cycle with the Hodrick Prescott (HP) Filter. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is an introduction. Section 2 uses the Hodrick-Prescott Filter to find the lows or turning points of the cycles. Section 3 develops a battery of measures of the behaviour of crude oil prices during the cycles and shows the results of applying these techniques to the cycles of the crude oil prices. Also, offers some comments on the similarities or differences of these phases with those of stock market. Section 4 concludes.
Alternative mechanism for attenuated pressor responses in AV3V-lesioned dogs.

We lesioned the periventricular tissue of the anteroventral portion of the third cerebral ventricle (AV3V) of dogs to evaluate the mechanism that accounts for blunting of the pressor activity of angiotensin II (ANG II). AV3V lesions were done with a microknife using a transbuccal approach; the procedure denervated the organum vasculosum of the laminae terminalis, the nucleus medianus, and the medial preoptic nucleus. Two to four days after surgery, the conscious AV3V-lesioned dogs showed adipsia and their blood contained increased quantities of Na+ (175 +/- 2 meq/l) and an elevated osmolality (352 +/- 5 mosmol/kg). Cardiac rate was faster (131 +/- 8 beats/min) in AV3V-lesioned dogs, but their mean arterial pressure (MAP) was within normal values (99 +/- 4 mmHg). These changes were accompanied by an almost 18-fold increase in the plasma levels of immunoreactive ANG II (irANG II). In contrast, plasma vasopressin (AVP) levels fell to nondetectable values. Pressor responses produced by intravenous infusions of ANG II or injections of norepinephrine (NE) were significantly blunted 3 days after AV3V ablation. Short-term treatment of eight AV3V-lesioned dogs with the synthetic AVP analogue, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, reduced plasma Na+ and irANG II levels. The pressor activity of peripheral infusions of ANG II was restored to prelesion values, whereas pressor responsiveness to NE remained depressed. These data suggest that the blunting of the pressor action of ANG II in AV3V-lesioned dogs is an expression of a disorder in the regulation of renal and behavioral mechanisms maintaining fluid balance and AVP secretion. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Literature Review: Usability Aspects of Ubiquitous Computing

We live in a digital world which controls our physical environment. The increasing use of wireless network supports these digital devices to use mostly people. People prefer mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets to personal computers or laptops. This brings that accessing to information and services is available any time and everywhere. This can be called ubiquitous computing. There is a high demand of pervasive computing applications and they have grown in the last years. However, a large group of people do not engage with these developments. This attracted the researchers to think this problem and they link it with usability of systems. In this study we reviewed 37 the articles which published on usability of ubiquitous computing. Within the scope of this study, the first stage is defining ubiquitous and usability. In the second stage, this paper organizes and classifies the literature on the area in order to facilitate future research. The review covers 37 peer-reviewed journal articles from 18 journals published between 2000 and 2014. The resulting framework summarizes the progress in usability studies on pervasive computing environments research and provides future research directions.
Why Do Foundations Follow the Law?: Evidence from Adoption of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act

I examine the determinants of nonprofit corporate compliance with law using a large panel of over one million firm-years, and despite the absence of many formal deterrence mechanisms, find evidence consistent with widespread compliance. I exploit rolling state adoption of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Acts, which lifted some existing limits on firm spending, but which applied to some but not all firms within each state. This allows the use of triple-difference estimates that control for changes in local norms and economic conditions. Interacting the triple-difference factors with other predictors of compliance, I find no correlation between compliance and enforcement intensity, but some evidence that compliance is correlated with firm culture and reliance on accountants. I argue that my findings have important implications for the governance of charitable organizations, and may speak more generally to drivers of compliance among other organizational forms.
Are Patients With Serious Mental Illness More Likely to be Admitted to Nursing Homes With More Deficiencies in Care?

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) who qualify for nursing home placement tend to require high levels of both psychiatric and nursing care. However, it is unknown whether they are equally likely to be admitted to nursing homes with adequate quality of care compared with other patients. MethodsWe analyzed a national cohort of more than 1.3 million new nursing home admissions in 2007 using the minimum data set. The total and healthcare-related deficiency citations for each facility were obtained from the Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting file. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses determined the association of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with admissions to facilities with higher deficiencies. ResultsCompared with other patients, patients with schizophrenia (n=23,767) tended to enter nursing homes with more total (13.3 vs. 11.2, P<0.001) and healthcare-related deficiencies (8.6 vs. 7.2, P<0.001); and patients with bipolar disorder (n=19,741) were more likely to enter facilities with more problematic care too (12.5 vs. 11.2, P<0.001 for total deficiencies; and 8.2 vs. 7.2, P<0.001 for healthcare-related deficiencies). After sequentially controlling for the within-county choice of facilities, patient characteristics, and facility covariates, the association of SMI with admitting to higher-deficiency nursing homes persisted. ConclusionsPatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (ie, SMI) were more likely than other patients to be admitted to nursing homes with higher deficiency citations for both overall quality and clinical care quality. Further research is necessary to understand the reasons behind the disparity in quality of nursing home care associated with SMI.
Determination of the Territories’ Financial Independence Taking into Account 'Financial Potential' and 'The Level of Shadow Economy' Indicators

Economic success of Ukraine and its regions depends a lot upon the politics of financial decentralization. Nevertheless, the principle of financial independence remains only as a thesis and does not provide the territories with real independence. Practically, all the Ukrainian regions are subsidized from the state budget. In such conditions, decentralization of financial resources is vital for the development of the country. Results. Scientifically-methodical approach to the country’s level of financial independence determination is offered. It is designated that the quantitative criterion of the territorial financial independence determination is its financial potential. It is proposed to correct the financial potential of the territory on the level of «shadow» economy. Estimation of financial opportunities in a country must take into account the country’s tactical and strategic characteristics. Calculation of coefficients used in such estimations is proposed. The financial potential of Ukrainian regions, taking into account such coefficients and the level of the shadow economy influence, has been calculated. Usage of the financial potential in case of transfers for the inter-budgetary alignment determination, which is calculated taking into account influence of 'shadow' economy on financial flows of the territory, will allow avoiding of manipulations with monetary resources, which are allocated for development of the territory, and determining of donor-regions and regions-recipients. Conclusion. The system of the inter-budget relations may be improved by efficiency increase of territories’ financial potential usage and effective measures taking on fight against shadow economy. Financial independence of the territories leads to self-development, which is impossible without growth of financial potential.
Relevant costs and decision making of investment.

The activity of running a cultivation oyster mushroom, farmers faced with the decision of several alternative fuel to generating baglog and fresh white mushrooms, which use LPG fuel or wood fuel. Thus required an appropriate decision of some of the most favorable alternative. The study was conducted at Enterprises of White Oyster Mushroom in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using financial ratios to assess and calculate the revenues, expenses, and investment decisions. This research aims to: 1) Analyze and calculate a more favorable alternative between to the use of fuel than the fuel LPG compared fuel timber on white oyster mushroom cultivation in Samarinda City based on: (1) Costs and revenues; (2) Break even point (BEP); 2) Analyze and calculate investment decisions on White Oyster Mushroom cultivation in Samarinda by: (1) Payback Period; (2) Average Return On Investment (ROI); (3) Net Present Value (NPV). Results of the study of white oyster mushroom cultivation in Samarinda City showed that: the decision to use wood fuel more profitable than using LPG fuel.
PEPFAR support of alcohol–HIV prevention activities in Namibia and Botswana: a framework for investigation, implementation and evaluation

Background The association between harmful use of alcohol and HIV infection is well documented. To address this dual epidemic, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) developed and implemented a multi-pronged approach primarily in Namibia and Botswana. We present the approach and preliminary results of the public health investigative and programmatic activities designed, initiated and supported by PEPFAR to combat the harmful use of alcohol and its association as a driver of HIV morbidity and mortality from 2008 to 2013. Approach PEPFAR supported comprehensive alcohol programming using a matrix model approach that combined the socio-ecological framework and the Alcohol Misuse Prevention and Intervention Continuum. This structure enabled seven component objectives: (1) to quantify harmful use of alcohol through rapid assessments; (2) to develop and evaluate alcohol-based interventions; (3) to promote screening programs and alcohol abuse resource services; (4) to support stakeholder networks; (5) to support policy interventions and (6) structural interventions; and (7) to institutionalize universal prevention messages. Discussion Targeted PEPFAR support for alcohol activities resulted in several projects to address harmful alcohol use and HIV. Components are graphically conceptualized within the matrix model, demonstrating the intersections between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities and individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors. Key initiative successes included leveraging alcohol harm prevention activities that enabled projects to be piloted in healthcare settings, schools, communities, and alcohol outlets. Primary challenges included the complexity of multi-sectorial programming, varying degrees of political will, and difficulties monitoring outcomes over the short duration of the program.
Stereo views and immunogold labeling of the pellicular microtubules at the inner surface of the plasma membrane of Leishmania as revealed by fracture-flip.

We used a modification of fracture-flip to reveal the nanoanatomy of the inner surface of the plasma membrane in promastigotes of Leishmania. After freeze-fracture, lightly fixed promastigotes were coated with a stabilizing layer of carbon evaporated from an electron gun, thawed, and washed. Fractured promastigotes attached to the carbon casts by the protoplasmic (i.e., inner) halves of their plasma membranes were treated with Triton X-100, followed by exposure to low concentrations of trypsin and thorough washing. This was followed by picking up and flipping of the replicas, followed by air-drying. The actual inner surfaces of the plasma membrane were then imaged by platinum shadowing. Extended, three-dimensional, high-resolution views of the inner surface of the plasma membrane showed parallel arrays of microtubules (average spacing 47 nm) closely apposed to the inner surface. Cytochemical labeling confirmed the morphological identification of both subpellicular and flagellar microtubules, as determined by treatment with mouse monoclonal anti-alpha- or anti-beta-tubulin, followed by labeling with goat anti-mouse IgG adsorbed to colloidal gold. Removal of the microtubules revealed parallel arrays of particles (average diameter 17 nm). We hypothesize that these particles represent the cytoplasmic portion of proteins that link the microtubules to the plasma membrane.
Supplementary Appendix to "Banking Bubbles and Financial Crises"

This appendix contains four sections. Section 1 studies robustness of our model by analyzing alternative dividend policies and borrowing constraints. Section 2 considers the approach of Gertler and Karadi (2011) and Gertler and Kiyotaki (2010). Section 3 analyzes a speci c discount window policy that can make the economy achieve the unique bubbly steady state equilibrium. Section 4 studies another type of equilibrium in which the reorganized bank upon default loses its reputation by losing part of its bubble value.
Computing optimum coefficients of PID controller with genetic algorithm

This paper presents a new method with genetic algorithm (GA) to tune coefficients of PID controller base on minimizing a cost function. Often, methods that exist to find coefficients of PID controllers are based on experience and analytical methods. By development of microprocessors and increasing their speed, if we use a powerful and fast algorithms, numerical optimization has a further advantage than analytic methods. To find PID coefficients, time has an essential role; therefore use of fast algorithms is very important. By using GA, writing the formulas are not necessary and only determination of essential subject in design is sufficient. Therefore GA could be work with fast speed to solve optimization problems. To test ability and performance of GA in finding PID controller coefficients, we used it for a third order system as an practical process example and achieved acceptable results in our implementation with GA. Integral Absolute Error (IAE) criterion used to approve effectiveness of GA in comparison with Integrated Square Error (ISE) method and we found approximately 11.11% error rate improvement than ISE.
Randomized comparison of fluorouracil plus cisplatin versus hydroxyurea as an adjunct to radiation therapy in stage IIB-IVA carcinoma of the cervix with negative para-aortic lymph nodes: a Gynecologic Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group study.

PURPOSE In 1986, a protocol comparing primary radiation therapy (RT) plus hydroxyurea (HU) to irradiation plus fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CF) was activated by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma. The goals were to determine the superior chemoradiation regimen and to quantitate the relative toxicities. METHODS All patients had biopsy-proven invasive squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Patients underwent standard clinical staging studies and their tumors were found to be International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stages IIB, III, or IVA. Negative cytologic washings and para-aortic lymph nodes were required for entry. Patients were randomized to receive either standard whole pelvic RT with concurrent 5-FU infusion and bolus CF or the same RT plus oral HU. RESULTS Of 388 randomized patients, 368 were eligible; 177 were randomized to CF and 191 to HU. Adverse effects were predominantly hematologic or gastrointestinal in both regimens. Severe or life-threatening leukopenia was more common in the HU group (24%) than in the CF group (4%). The difference in progression-free survival (PFS) was statistically significant in favor of the CF group (P = .033). The sites of progression in the two treatment groups were not substantially different. Survival was significantly better for the patients randomized to CF (P = .018). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that for patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix, the combination of 5-FU and CF with RT offers patients better PFS and overall survival than HU, and with manageable toxicity.
Characterization of Inversion Tunneling Current Saturation Behavior for MOS(p) Capacitors With Ultrathin Oxides and High-$k$ Dielectrics

The inversion current conduction mechanism for MOS(p) capacitors with ultrathin oxides was analyzed from another aspect of bulk traps in this paper. The relationships between deep depletion and generation-recombination current were also studied. It was found that the generation-recombination current due to bulk traps is proportional to the deep-depletion width and dominates the inversion tunneling current. Moreover, it was observed that the inversion tunneling current levels for SiO2, Al2O3, and HfO2 gate dielectrics were different. This discrepancy was explained with their energy band diagrams. Due to the small conduction-band offset of HfO2, the gate dielectrics of HfO2 show a worse capability to block the inversion tunneling current in the saturation region than Al2O3 gate dielectrics.
Addressing Our Critics: Research Evidence for the Middle School Concept As a Pathway to Higher Test Scores

In his analysis of “the long view” featured in this section of the journal, Paul George describes many of the ways that the middle school concept “represents progressive education at its finest” (George, 2013, p. 1). He argues that the essence of progressive education is “a set of elemental beliefs in essential human goodness and the possibility of progress” (George, p. 4) and that, for most of human history, this world view has competed with one that believes in competition and survival of the fittest.
Preferential Oxidation of Triacylglyceride-Derived Fatty Acids in Heart Is Augmented by the Nuclear Receptor PPAR&agr;

Rationale: Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are the preferred substrate for energy provision in hearts. However, the contribution of endogenous triacylglyceride (TAG) turnover to LCFA oxidation and the overall dependence of mitochondrial oxidation on endogenous lipid is largely unstudied. Objective: We sought to determine the role of TAG turnover in supporting LCFA oxidation and the influence of the lipid-activated nuclear receptor, proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)&agr;, on this balance. Methods and Results: Palmitoyl turnover within TAG and palmitate oxidation rates were quantified in isolated hearts, from normal mice (nontransgenic) and mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PPAR&agr; (MHC-PPAR&agr;). Turnover of palmitoyl units within TAG, and thus palmitoyl-coenzyme A recycling, in nontransgenic (4.5±2.3 &mgr;mol/min per gram dry weight) was 3.75-fold faster than palmitate oxidation (1.2±0.4). This high rate of palmitoyl unit turnover indicates preferential oxidation of palmitoyl units derived from TAG in normal hearts. PPAR&agr; overexpression augmented TAG turnover 3-fold over nontransgenic hearts, despite similar fractions of acetyl-coenzyme A synthesis from palmitate and oxygen use at the same workload. Palmitoyl turnover within TAG of MHC-PPAR&agr; hearts (16.2±2.9, P<0.05) was 12.5-fold faster than oxidation (1.3±0.2). Elevated TAG turnover in MHC-PPAR&agr; correlated with increased mRNA for enzymes involved in both TAG synthesis, Gpam (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial), Dgat1 (diacylglycerol acetyltransferase 1), and Agpat3 (1-acylglycerol-3-phospate O-acyltransferase 3), and lipolysis, Pnliprp1 (pancreatic lipase related protein 1). Conclusions: The role of endogenous TAG in supporting &bgr;-oxidation in the normal heart is much more dynamic than previously thought, and lipolysis provides the bulk of LCFA for oxidation. Accelerated palmitoyl turnover in TAG, attributable to chronic PPAR&agr; activation, results in near requisite oxidation of LCFAs from TAG.