Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial Research Topic “Chemokines and chemokine receptors in brain homeostasis”

The present Frontiers eBook “Chemokines and chemokine receptors in brain homeostasis” grew from a delightful conference held in Rome, Italy from 25th to 27th, 2013. It's our hope that this eBook will enable you to sense the conviviality and intellectual ferment of that weekend, as you won't be able to taste the wine or pasta. The 11 articles in this compilation (Biber and Boddeke, 2014; Clark and Malcangio, 2014; Freitag and Miller, 2014; Guyon, 2014; Hosking and Lane, 2014; Limatola and Ransohoff, 2014; Michlmayr and Lim, 2014; Mony et al., 2014; Rosito et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2014; Wurth et al., 2014) comprise a spectrum of chemokine neurobiology much of which will be unfamiliar (and thus, one hopes, fascinating) both to chemokine aficionados and neuroscientists. Only one paper (Mony et al., 2014) addresses purely the best-known aspect of chemokine action in the context of neurological pathology: their role in accumulation of inflammatory blood-derived leukocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Williams et al. (2014) also study leukocyte recruitment to the CNS but additionally evaluate evidence that CXCL12 (the chemokine on which they focus) can either promote or degrade neural function during altered homeostasis. Limatola and Ransohoff (2014) examine how a neuronal chemokine (CX3CL1) signals to its microglial receptor (CX3CR1) to help determine cell death or survival in the context of varied pathological processes. One group of scientists (Rosito et al., 2014) present their data about how chemokine-mediated cell-cell communication among neurons and glia supports neuronal function after focal cerebral ischemia. Two groups (Hosking and Lane, 2014; Michlmayr and Lim, 2014) integrate these topics (chemokine-regulation of inflammatory host defense; chemokine effects on cell death or survival) by utilizing informative models of encephalitis. Three groups (Biber and Boddeke, 2014; Clark and Malcangio, 2014; Freitag and Miller, 2014) describe their work using chemokine biology to unravel the puzzle of neuropathic pain. There is a heterogeneity of additional topics. Guyon (2014) examines how CXCL12 signaling modulates GABA neurotransmission. Wurth et al. (2014) study the same chemokine (CXCL12) now in the guise of an autocrine and paracrine signal to promote growth of glioma stem cells and maintain a supportive microenvironment. It will be appreciated that the common rubric “Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines” no longer encompasses even a tiny fraction of the activities of these versatile mediators in CNS physiology and pathology. The predominant focus currently lies on CXCL12 and CX3CL1 but other players (ELR+ CXC chemokines; CCL21; CXCL16) also begin to be heard from. Given the pace at which molecular components of development and disease are being identified, it is plausible to hope that this eBook represents only the tip of an iceberg which will calve rapidly into knowledge that promotes the treatment of neurological disorders.
Privacy policy inference of multiple user-uploaded images on social context websites (Automated generation of privacy policy)

Social networking websites are the most active websites on the Internet and millions of people use them every day to engage and connect with other people. Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Google Plus seems to be the most popular Social networking websites on the Internet. In this manner, recommendation policy is required which supply client with an adaptable help for organizing security settings in much easier way. Images are shared extensively now days on social sharing sites. Sharing takes place between friends and acquaintances on a daily basis. In this thesis, we are implementing an Adaptive Privacy Policy Prediction (A3P) system which will provide users a disturbance free privacy settings experience by automatically generating personalized policies.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate Provides an Alternative to Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors by Stimulating the Dissociation of GDP from Cdc42Hs*

Members of the Rho subfamily of Ras-related GTP-binding proteins play important roles in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and in the regulation of cell growth. We have shown previously that the dbl oncogene product, which represents a prototype for a family of growth regulatory proteins, activates Rho subfamily GTP-binding proteins by catalyzing the dissociation of GDP from their nucleotide binding site. In the present study, we demonstrate that the acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), provides an alternative mechanism for the activation of Cdc42Hs. Among a variety of lipids tested, only PIP2 was able to stimulate GDP release from Cdc42Hs in a dose-dependent manner, with a half-maximum effect at ∼50 μM. Unlike the Dbl oncoprotein, which requires the presence of (free) guanine nucleotide in the medium to replace the GDP bound to Cdc42Hs, PIP2 stimulates GDP release from Cdc42Hs in the absence of free guanine nucleotide. PIP2, when incorporated into phosphatidylcholine carrier vesicles, binds tightly to the guanine nucleotide-depleted form of Cdc42Hs and weakly to the GDP-bound form of the GTP-binding protein but does not bind to GTP-bound Cdc42Hs, similar to what was observed for the Dbl oncoprotein. However, mutational analysis of Cdc42Hs indicates that the site that is essential for the functional interaction between PIP2 and Cdc42Hs is distinct from the Dbl-binding site and is located at the positively charged carboxyl-terminal end of the GTP-binding protein. The GDP-releasing activity of PIP2 is highly effective toward Cdc42Hs and Rho (and is similar to the reported effects of PIP2 on Arf (Terui, T., Kahn, R. A., and Randazzo, P. A., (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28130-28135)), is less effective with Rac, and is not observed with Ras, Rap1a, or Ran. The ability of PIP2 to activate Cdc42Hs (or Rho) and Arf provides a possible point of convergence for the biological pathways regulated by these different GTP-binding proteins and may be related to the synergism observed between Arf and Rho-subtype proteins in the stimulation of phospholipase D activity (Singer, W. D., Brown, H. A., Bokoch, G. M., and Sternweis, P. C. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 14944-14950).
A flexible 3G WebService based gateway for wireless sensor networks in support of remote patient monitoring systems

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have attracted an increasing attention, therefore, the number of WSN deployments is expected to grow rapidly in the near future. Sensors can be deployed in various environments to monitor and collect information. Most current research is interests in the application layer to develop a WSN with various applications. In this paper we design an application-layer approach for a WebService Gateway to interact with WSN. In our proposed architecture, the gateway manages the service consumption. This architecture intended to support heterogeneous WSN protocols.
"I plan to have the HIV test"--predictors of testing intention in women attending a London antenatal clinic.

In order to identify which factors predict a parturient womans intention to take up voluntary HIV testing in the antenatal clinic, 318 women were surveyed by anonymous self-completion questionnaire. The strongest predictors of intention to be tested were the perceived benefit of the test to the woman herself, her partner, and the midwife, perceived risk of HIV infection, younger age and being single and having a poor knowledge of the sexual routes of HIV transmission. Health education strategies should therefore concentrate on: (a) increasing the parturient woman's knowledge of HIV transmission which will increase accuracy of perception of risk; and (b) stressing the potential benefits of HIV testing to all antenatal attenders, particularly to those who are older and in long term relationships.
PB-PKI: A Privacy-aware Blockchain-based PKI

Conventional public-key infrastructure (PKI) designs using certificate authorities and web-of-trust are not optimal and have security flaws. The properties afforded by the Bitcoin blockchain are a natural solution to some of the problems with PKI - in particular, certificate transparency and elimination of single points-offailure. Proposed blockchain-based PKI designs are built as public ledgers linking identity with public key, providing no privacy. We consider cases requiring privacy-aware PKIs, which do not link identity with public key. We show that blockchain technology can be used to construct a privacy-aware PKI while eliminating some of the problems of conventional PKI, and present PB-PKI, a privacy-aware blockchain-based PKI.
123 I-BZA 2 as a Melanin-Targeted Radiotracer for the Identification of Melanoma Metastases : Results and Perspectives of a Multicenter Phase III Clinical Trial

Florent Cachin1–3, Elisabeth Miot-Noirault2,3, Brigitte Gillet4, Vanina Isnardi5, Bruno Labeille6, Pierre Payoux7, Nicolas Meyer8, Serge Cammilleri9, Caroline Gaudy10, Micheline Razzouk-Cadet11, Jean Philippe Lacour12, Florence Granel-Brocard13, Christelle Tychyj14, Fathalah Benbouzid15, Jean Daniel Grange15, Françoise Baulieu16, Antony Kelly1, Charles Merlin1, Danielle Mestas1, Françoise Gachon17, Jean Michel Chezal2,3, Françoise Degoul2,3, and Michel D’Incan2–4
Integrated Hall sensor array microsystem

A CMOS microsystem consists of an array of miniature integrated Hall sensors and dynamic offset cancellation interface electronics. It has 86 V/Tesla magnetic sensitivity, 160 μTesla magnetic offset field, and 0.8 μTesla/√Hz noise density while consuming 2.3 mA from a single 5 V supply. It measures the Earth's magnetic field with 5% precision.
A Prospective Study of De Novo Scoliosis in a Community Based Cohort

Study Design. A 12-year prospective study of de novo scoliosis in a community based cohort. Objective. To investigate factors associated with development of de novo scoliosis. Summary of Background Data. De novo scoliosis is becoming one of the most prevalent findings in the aging spine, and this condition is associated not only with severe back or leg symptoms but also with complicated surgical outcomes. Cross-sectional studies were limited in distinguishing de novo scoliosis from preexisting deformities, and there had been controversies over the etiology of degenerative scoliosis. Methods. Community based volunteers were recruited, then examined by orthopedic physicians. Radiologic measurements using entire spine radiographs included the angle of scoliosis and sagittal spinal curvatures, sagittal spinal balance, grade of bone atrophy, number of degenerated discs, and vertebral fractures. We defined radiologic parameters, the disc index, and lateral osteophyte difference to evaluate the asymmetrical spinal degeneration. Results. A total of 60 subjects aged 50–84 years and without scoliosis at baseline were selected and followed for a mean of 12.0 years. De novo scoliosis ≥10° developed in 22 subjects, and logistic regression analysis revealed that the baseline disc index and lateral osteophyte difference values were independent predictors (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Incidence of de novo scoliosis was predictable by assessing asymmetric disc degeneration in frontal radiograph. More than 20% decrease in unilateral disc height or more than 5 mm longer osteophyte on one side led to increased incidence of de novo scoliosis, which might also influence long-term results of spinal surgery.
Development of catecholaminergic neurons in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis: I. Embryonic development of dopamine‐containing neurons and dopamine‐dependent behaviors

The embryonic development of the catecholaminergic system of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, was investigated by using chromatographic and histochemical methods. High performance liquid chromatography suggested that dopamine was the only catecholamine present in significant concentrations throughout the embryonic development of Lymnaea. Dopamine first became detectable at about embryonic stage (E) 15 (15% of embryonic development) and then increased in amount during early development to reach about 120–140 fmol per animal by around E40. Dopamine content remained stable during mid‐embryogenesis (E40–65), increased slowing for the next couple of days, and then increased rapidly to culminate at about 400 fmol per animal by hatching. The detection of aldehyde‐ and glyoxylate‐induced fluorescence and of tyrosine hydroxylaselike immunoreactivity indicated that the first catecholaminergic cells appeared in the late trochophore or early veliger stage of embryonic development (E32–35). The paired perikarya of these transient apical catecholaminergic (TAC) neurons were located beneath the apical plate, remained outside of the central ganglia during embryogenesis, and no longer contained detectable catecholamines close to hatching. TAC neurons bore cilia on the ends of short processes that penetrated the overlying epithelium; their long processes branched repeatedly under the ciliated apical plate. Several smaller catecholaminergic cells first appeared in the anterior margin of the foot at a stage when the embryos began to metamorphose from the veliger form (E55). Similar bipolar cells later appeared in the tentacle and lips. The axons of all of these small peripheral cells projected centrally and terminated within the neuropil of different central ganglia. Central catecholaminergic neurons, including RPeD1, differentiated only after metamorphosis was complete (E75). Development of locomotor, respiratory, and feeding behaviors correlated with maturation of catecholaminergic neurons, as indicated by histology and chromatography. J. Comp. Neurol. 404:285–296, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of early osteochondral defect repair in a rabbit model utilizing fourier transform-infrared imaging spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and quantitative T2 mapping.

CONTEXT Evaluation of the morphology and matrix composition of repair cartilage is a critical step toward understanding the natural history of cartilage repair and efficacy of potential therapeutics. In the current study, short-term articular cartilage repair (3 and 6 weeks) was evaluated in a rabbit osteochondral defect model treated with thrombin peptide (TP-508) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), quantitative T2 mapping, and Fourier transform-infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS). METHODS Three-mm-diameter osteochondral defects were made in the rabbit trochlear groove and filled with either TP-508 plus poly-lactoglycolidic acid microspheres or poly-lactoglycolidic acid microspheres alone (placebo). Repair tissue and adjacent normal cartilage were evaluated at 3 and 6 weeks postdefect creation. Intact knees were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging for repair morphology, and with quantitative T2 mapping to assess collagen orientation. Histological sections were evaluated by FT-IRIS for parameters that reflect collagen quantity and quality, as well as proteoglycan (PG) content. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in volume of repair tissue at either time point. At 6 weeks, placebo repair tissue demonstrated longer T2 values (p < 0.01) than TP-508 did. Although both placebo and TP-508 repair tissue demonstrated longer T2 values than adjacent normal cartilage did, the 6-week T2 values of the TP-508 specimens were closer to those of the adjacent normal cartilage than were the placebo values. FT-IRIS analysis demonstrated a significant increase in collagen content, integrity, and PG content of the TP-508 repair tissue from 3 to 6 weeks (p < or = 0.05). In addition, the collagen and PG content of the TP-508 samples were closer to normal cartilage at 3 weeks than were the placebo samples. Further, there was a significant inverse correlation between the T2 relaxation values and collagen orientation in the normal cartilage. However, there were no significant correlations between T2 relaxation values and any FT-IRIS parameter in the repair tissue. Together, the data demonstrate that MRI and FT-IRIS assessment of cartilage repair tissue provide molecular information that furthers understanding of the cartilage repair process.
GenomeVx: simple web-based creation of editable circular chromosome maps

UNLABELLED We describe GenomeVx, a web-based tool for making editable, publication-quality, maps of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes and of large plasmids. These maps show the location of genes and chromosomal features as well as a position scale. The program takes as input either raw feature positions or GenBank records. In the latter case, features are automatically extracted and colored, an example of which is given. Output is in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) and can be edited by programs such as Adobe Illustrator. AVAILABILITY GenomeVx is available at http://wolfe.gen.tcd.ie/GenomeVx
Linezolid and vancomycin in treatment of lower-extremity complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with and without vascular disease.

BACKGROUND We evaluated drug efficacy and safety among patients with and without vascular disease who were treated with linezolid or vancomycin for a lower-extremity complicated skin and skin structure infection (cSSSI) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS We pooled data from two randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of linezolid 600 mg intravenously (IV) or orally every 12 h and vancomycin 15 mg/kg or 1 g IV every 12 h for the treatment of cSSSI caused by culture-proved MRSA. RESULTS There were 477 patients for analysis. Among patients with vascular disease (linezolid n=139, vancomycin n=135), the clinical success rate was 80.4% and 66.7% (p=0.02) for patients treated with linezolid and vancomycin, respectively. Among patients without vascular disease (linezolid n=91, vancomycin n=112), the clinical success rate was 94.5% and 89.4%, respectively (p=0.24). Linezolid-treated patients had fewer IV catheter-site complications and less kidney impairment but more frequent thrombocytopenia than those who received vancomycin, regardless of the presence or absence of vascular disease. CONCLUSION Linezolid is an effective treatment for patients with and without vascular disease who have a lower-extremity cSSSI caused by MRSA. The safety data were consistent with the known safety profiles of linezolid and vancomycin given for this indication.
Etude numérique des forces agissant sur une sphère en chute libre dans un tube rempli d'un fluide Newtonien au repos

Cette etude s’interesse a l’action des forces sur une sphere en chute libre dans un tube, et plus particulierement, a celle de la force de repulsion de la paroi sur la sphere. Pour mieux comprendre les mecanismes en jeu, le probleme est decouple en deux cas : l’etude de l’ecoulement sur une sphere en translation uniforme dans un tube puis l’etude de la trajectoire d’une sphere possedant les trois degres de liberte en translation et chutant sous l’action de la force de gravite.
Learning effective test driven development Software Development Projects in an Energy Company

The tests needed to prove, verify, and validate a software application are determined before the software application is developed. This is the essence of test driven development, an agile practice built upon sound software engineering principles. When applied effectively, this practice can have many benefits. The question becomes how to effectively adopt test driven development. This paper describes the experiences and lessons learned by two teams who adopted test driven development methodology for software systems developed at TransCanada. The overall success of test driven methodology is contingent upon the following key factors: experienced team champion, well-defined test scope, supportive database environment, repeatable software design pattern, and complementary manual testing. All of these factors and the appropriate test regime will lead to a better chance of success in a test driven development project.
Allocentric Spatial Learning by Hippocampectomised Rats: A Further Test of the “Spatial Mapping” and “Working Memory” Theories of Hippocampal Function

This paper reports a series of three experiments that tested the “spatial-mapping” and “working-memory” theories of hippocampal function. The experimental designs incorporate separate reference- and working-memory procedures of a water-escape task, using both spatial and non-spatial learning. In Experiment 1 (Reference memory), rats with hippocampal (HC) or cortical (CC) lesions and unoperated (UNOP) rats learned to swim to a rigid visible escape platform while avoiding contact with a floating one. In the nonspatial task, the platforms each occupied any of 8 possible positions in the pool over successive trials but differed in appearance. In the spatial task, the platforms were of identical appearance but the safe one always occupied a single fixed location. The HC rats showed a highly specific spatial learning impairment but did learn to perform consistently above chance towards the end of training. In Experiment 2 (working memory), new groups of rats were trained on similar spatial and nonspatial tasks, but the platform designated correct-in terms of its visual appearance or its spatial location-was randomly changed each day. No animal learned the nonspatial task despite extensive training. Performance on the spatial version unexpectedly revealed an impairment in the CC as well as the HC group relative to the UNOP rats. However, the HCs again performed at above chance levels and demonstrated rapid (I-trial) spatial learning towards the end training. Experiment 3 used a place navigation matching-to-sample task examine spatial working memory further. Each day, an underwater platform was hidden at any of 4 possible locations, and the rats were given 2 trials to search for it. Both UNOP and CC rats located the platform faster on Trial 2 than on Trial 1, even when the inter-trial interval was long as 30min. HC rats were no faster on Trial 2 than on Trial 1. We conclude that hippocampal lesions (1) severely but partially impair spatial but not visual reference memory and (2) give rise to different patterns impairment in different working-mermory tasks. The results are a challenge to both the spatial-mapping and working-memory theories.
Trans-stilbene oxide administration increased hepatic glucuronidation of morphine but decreased biliary excretion of morphine glucuronide in rats.

The effect of the inducing agent trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) on the metabolism and biliary excretion of [14C]morphine was studied in the isolated in situ perfused rat liver. After administration of morphine by intraportal injection or by the segmented retrograde intrabiliary injection technique, the TSO-treated group showed a marked decrease in the biliary recovery of morphine as its glucuronide conjugate [morphine-3-glucuronide (MG)]. However, recovery of MG in the venous outflow of the single pass perfusate was greatly increased. These findings suggested that TSO treatment enhanced the formation of MG from morphine and changed the primary route of hepatic elimination of MG. TSO treatment also decreased the excretion of morphine (as MG) in the bile of anesthetized renal-ligated rats. This decreased biliary function required several days to develop and appeared closely associated with the inductive effect of TSO. After i.v. administration of [14C]MG itself, biliary recovery was also markedly decreased in TSO-treated rats. It is postulated that the effect of the TSO treatment led to either a decrease in canalicular transport of MG into bile or an increase in the efficiency of transfer of MG to the blood at the sinusoidal side of the hepatocyte. Regardless of the mechanism, the results indicate the need to study compartmentalization of drug transport and metabolism functions.