Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity, DNA Damage, and Development of Obesity-Related Diseases

Obesity has been recognized to increase the risk of such diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. It indicates that obesity can impact genome stability. Oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly occurring in obesity, can induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair mechanisms. Accumulation of DNA damage can lead to an enhanced mutation rate and can alter gene expression resulting in disturbances in cell metabolism. Obesity-associated DNA damage can promote cancer growth by favoring cancer cell proliferation and migration, and resistance to apoptosis. Estimation of the DNA damage and/or disturbances in DNA repair could be potentially useful in the risk assessment and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders as well as cancers. DNA damage in people with obesity appears to be reversible and both weight loss and improvement of dietary habits and diet composition can affect genome stability.
Mental health disorders and substance use among people living with HIV in Nepal: their influence on non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy

ABSTRACT People living with HIV often experience mental health disorders and engage in substance use. Evidence, however, is limited about the influence of mental health disorders and substance use on non-adherence to ART. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 682 HIV-positive people on ART in Nepal. We measured their depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress levels, substance use, and non-adherence to ART. We developed logistic regression models to examine the association of mental health disorders and substance use with non-adherence to ART. Experiencing depressive symptoms was positively associated with ART non-adherence among HIV-positive people (men: AOR = 2.77, p = .001; women: AOR = 3.69, p = .001). Additionally, both men and women were more likely to have non-adherence to ART when they had anxiety (men: AOR = 2.19, p = .022; women AOR = 2.83, p = .001) and higher stress scores (men: AOR = 1.11, p = .001; women: AOR = 1.08, p = .001). While substance use was associated with non-adherence only in HIV-positive men (AOR = 3.12, p < .001). Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and high level of stress had negative roles on adherence in HIV-positive men and women. While substance use had a negative role on ART adherence among men only. Results highlight that the HIV-positive people should be screened and provided treatment and psychosocial support while providing ART services to improve their medication adherence.
Virtual Reality, Music and Pain: developing the premise for an interdisciplinary approach to pain management.

Research in pain management seeks to offer new approaches to pain treatments that present severe side effects. This endeavor is of increasing importance as opioid misuse and deaths in the United States rise, and as health care practitioners and patients are advised to move away from opioid-based pain management. Virtual reality (VR) and music therapy (MT) have been separately explored as interventions for alleviating pain with relatively consistent levels of success. In this article, we refer to VR as immersive computer-generated environments designed to make a user experience them as real. Music therapy refers to the use of music to promote healing. An approach to pain management that combines MT and VRmay present novel opportunities for reducing patient pain suffering by presenting a focused aesthetic multisensory stimulation. This might in turn regulate mood, emotions, attention demands, memory, and patients’ engagement. Although many nonpharmacological methods of pain control have been explored (eg, hypnosis andmeditation),wehave chosen to focus on VR and MT as 2 highly compatible methods, with the intent of addressing our concepts and perspectives as basic scientists, musicians, physicians, and educators. We conducted a PubMed literature search using the terms: VR and pain; MT and pain. We found 288 and 243 articles, respectively, and reviewed them (E.H. and L.C.). Manually, we also found 37 additional published data-based articles and comprehensive reviews. We presented a total of 53 selected data-based articles (Table 1). Studies were selected that directly investigated the relationship between music or virtual reality and pain in both healthy and pain-afflicted populations using objective and subjective measures of pain as the primary outcome. Studies that assessed multiple interventions beyond virtual reality or music were excluded.
Harpagoside Content in Devil's Claw Extracts

Devil's claw is a common ingredient in nutraceutical products for the treatment of inflammation due to arthritis. The secondary root extract of Harpagophytum procumbens contains bioactive iridoid glycosides known as harpagosides. Recent scrutiny of the nutraceutical industry claims that products listing devil's claw on their labels should refer only to H. procumbens, while the closely related, and less expensive, H. zeyheri is not to be classified as devil's claw. This assertion is in contrast to botanists who claim that either species of Harpagophytum can be generically referred to as devil's claw. The current research aimed to determine the chemical composition of extracts from H. procumbens and H. zeyheri, with the intent to identify whether the bioactive harpagosides were similarly present between species, and how their presence resembled or deviated from commercially available H. procumbens extracts commonly used in nutraceutical products. A microwave extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis of root samples from botanical specimens of H. procumbens and H. zeyheri identified similar quantities of harpagoside, regardless of species. The chemical composition between root extracts for each species was found to contain varying quantities of non-harpagoside constituents, however their harpagoside content was comparable. These findings are intended to inform policymakers, nutraceutical manufacturers, and the general public of the distinction between myth and reality regarding devil's claw supplements.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy–Like Phenotype in a GBA E326K Mutation Carrier

Mutations in the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene ( GBA OMIM * 606463), encoding the lysosomal enzyme that is deﬁcient in Gaucher’s disease (GD), are important and common risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD; i.e., a -synucleinopathies). 1 PD patients with GBA mutations have younger age at onset and are more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction. 2 There are approximately 300 known GBA mutations and determining accurate exact genotype-phenotype corre-lations is challenging. In general, GBA mutations were found to variably inﬂuence PD risk according to their impact on the pro-tein function. For instance, the “severe” mutations L444P bears the highest risk of developing PD (OR:10 – 21), whereas the risk is much lower for the “mild” mutation N370S. 3 The GBA variant, E326K, has long been considered a polymorphism, given that homozygous individuals do not develop GD. 4 However, this variant was found to reduce GBA enzymatic activity in vitro and mildly increase the risk to develop PD (OR:1.7), with frequent development of associated dementia. 3,5 The impact of GBA mutations on the risk to develop tauopa-thies is less deﬁned, given that previous studies failed to report a signiﬁcant association with PSP and corticobasal degeneration. 6 recent data suggest the clinical phenotype of GBA-associated neurodegeneration is more heterogeneous than
State-wide implementation and clinical outcomes associated with evidence-based psychotherapies for traumatized youth.

BACKGROUND Highly efficacious evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) exist for children and youth exposed to trauma, yet very few who need the treatments in the community receive them. Research within real-world settings is needed to better understand what is required to translate treatments into the community. PURPOSE We aimed to examine the implementation and clinical outcomes of a multiyear project installing 2 EBPs for trauma-exposed youth in community agencies across the state of New Hampshire. METHOD We invited clinicians to 2 days of training plus weekly group consultation calls for 9 or 12 months in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Child Parent Psychotherapy. Implementation metrics included clinician adherence to training, consultation, and treatment delivery expectations. Clinical outcomes included treatment dropout, as well as posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. RESULTS Of the 292 clinicians meeting eligibility and agreeing to participate, 243 (83%) attended trainings, 168 (58%) began consultation calls, and 70 (24%) adhered to implementation expectations by attending 80% of consultation calls and beginning the treatment with 2 youths. According to (completing) clinicians' reports, of the 363 youths tracked over the 9 to 12 month consultation periods, 47% dropped out of treatment and 44% were ongoing. Pre-post PTS scores (n = 82) demonstrated clinically meaningful reductions for 59% of youth. CONCLUSIONS Clinical outcomes were robust for those who completed treatment, rivaling those of highly controlled trials. However, implementation outcomes indicate an uphill battle in reaching youth who need the treatment. Implementation outcomes were mixed compared with those of more resource-intensive implementation models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Measuring QoS in an Aeronautical Opportunistic Network Architecture with Limited Access to a Satellite Communications Backhaul

We measure quality of service (QoS) in a wireless network architecture of transoceanic aircraft. A distinguishing characteristic of the network scheme we analyze is that it mixes the concept of Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) through the exploitation of opportunistic contacts, together with direct satellite access in a limited number of the nodes. We provide a graph sparsification technique for deriving a network model that satisfies the key properties of a real aeronautical opportunistic network while enabling scalable simulation. This reduced model allows us to analyze the impact regarding QoS of introducing Internet-like traffic in the form of outgoing data from passengers. Promoting QoS in DTNs is usually really challenging due to their long delays and scarce resources. The availability of satellite communication links offers a chance to provide an improved degree of service regarding a pure opportunistic approach, and therefore it needs to be properly measured and quantified. Our analysis focuses on several QoS indicators such as delivery time, delivery ratio, and bandwidth allocation fairness. Obtained results show significant improvements in all metric indicators regarding QoS, not usually achievable on the field of DTNs.
Radioprotective effects of mistletoe extract in zebrafish embryos in vivo

Abstract Introduction: Radioprotectors can enhance the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy, but their clinical use remains uncommon. The present study aimed to assess the radioprotective potential of mistletoe extract (commercial name: Abnoba Viscum), a well-known complementary cancer medicine, in zebrafish larvae. Materials and methods: Wild-type AB zebrafish embryos at 4 h-post-fertilization were exposed to 5 Gy 9-MeV electron beam irradiation after being treated for 1 h with 4 mMl/L amifostine or 0.2 mg/ml Abnoba Viscum A, F, M, or Q. Primary endpoints were abnormality-free survival and abnormality-free rates among survivors at 5 days-post-fertilization. Results: The crude abnormality-free survival rates were 33.7%, 49.0%, 38.8%, 43.9%, 38.1%, and 52.6%, whereas abnormality-free rates among survivors were 36.4%, 49.6%, 37.8%, 45.6%, 52.0%, and 62.8% for the control (with no pharmacologic treatment), amifostine, Abnoba Viscum A, F, M, and Q groups, respectively. Abnormality-free survival rates in the amifostine and Abnoba Viscum Q groups were significantly different from those in the control (p = .040 and .012, respectively), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–3.51] and 2.20 (95% CI: 1.19–4.08), respectively. Abnormality-free rates among survivors in the amifostine and Abnoba Viscum M and Q groups were significantly different from those in the control group (p = .048, .042, and <.001, respectively), with an OR of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.00–3.20), 1.82 (95% CI: 1.02–3.26), and 2.98 (1.67–5.33), respectively. Conclusion: Abnoba Viscum Q has at least a similar radioprotective effect to that of amifostine. Mistletoe extracts have been clinically applied for a long time and their effectiveness and feasibility have been verified. Abnoba Viscum Q might be a new candidate radioprotectant to enhance cancer radiotherapy efficacy. Graphical Abstract
Effects of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Functional Training on Glucose Control and Body Composition among Overweight and Obese Adults

High-intensity exercise has been found to positively influence glucose control, however, the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) for overweight and obese sedentary adults without diabetes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in body composition and glucose control from eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training (A-RT) compared to HIFT. Session time spent doing daily workouts was recorded for each group. Baseline and posttest measures included height, weight, waist circumference, dual X-ray absorptiometry (body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass), and fasting blood glucose. Participants completing the intervention (78%, n = 9 per group) were 67% female, age = 26.8 ± 5.5 years, and had body mass index = 30.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2. Fasting blood glucose and 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests were used as primary outcome variables. On average, the HIFT group spent significantly less time completing workouts per day and week (ps < 0.001). No significant differences were found for body composition or glucose variables within- or between-groups. Even though our findings did not provide significant differences between groups, future research may utilize the effect sizes from our study to conduct fully-powered trials comparing HIFT with other more traditional training modalities.
The Role of the Posterior Fusiform Gyrus in Reading

Studies of skilled reading [Price, C. J., & Mechelli, A. Reading and reading disturbance. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 231238, 2005], its acquisition in children [Shaywitz, B. A. , Shaywitz, S. E. , Pugh, K. R. , Mencl, W. E. , Fulbright, R. K. , Skudlarski, P., et al. Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 101110, 2002; Turkeltaub, P. E. , Gareau, L. , Flowers, D. L. , Zeffiro, T. A. , & Eden, G. F. Development of neural mechanisms for reading. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 767773, 2003], and its impairment in patients with pure alexia [Leff, A. P., Crewes, H. , Plant, G. T. , Scott, S. K. , Kennard, C. , & Wise, R. J. The functional anatomy of single word reading in patients with hemianopic and pure alexia. Brain, 124, 510521, 2001] all highlight the importance of the left posterior fusiform cortex in visual word recognition. We used visual masked priming and functional magnetic resonance imaging to elucidate the specific functional contribution of this region to reading and found that (1) unlike words, repetition of pseudowords (solst-solst) did not produce a neural priming effect in this region, (2) orthographically related words such as corner-corn did produce a neural priming effect, but (3) this orthographic priming effect was reduced when prime-target pairs were semantically related (teacher-teach). These findings conflict with the notion of stored visual word forms and instead suggest that this region acts as an interface between visual form information and higher order stimulus properties such as its associated sound and meaning. More importantly, this function is not specific to reading but is also engaged when processing any meaningful visual stimulus.
Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures

This issue is concerned with structural and phase transitions in heterogeneous and composite materials, the effects of external magnetic fields on these phenomena and the macroscopic properties and behaviour of materials with isotropic and anisotropic internal structures. Using experimental, theoretical and computer methods, these transitions are studied at the atomic and mesoscopic levels. The fundamental specific feature of structural transitions in many heterogeneous media consists of the fact that these transitions are stacked for a long time in non-equilibrium states that appear due to either macroscopic dissipative processes (an alternating magnetic field or hydrodynamic flow, for instance) or system lifetime in a metastable state. It is important to explain and describe these transitional states using the general approach of non-equilibrium physical mechanics. The review and research articles in the issue will cover the whole spectrum of scales (from nano to macro) and materials (from metastable liquids to biological polymers) in order to exhibit recently developed trends in the field of heterogeneous materials. Atomistic modelling, structuring induced by external magnetic fields and hydrodynamic flows, metastable and non-ergodic states, mechanical properties and phenomena in heterogeneous materials—all these are covered. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.
Enhanced Performance of a CVD MoS2 Photodetector by Chemical in Situ n-Type Doping.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a category of promising two-dimensional (2D) materials for the optoelectronic devices, and their unique characteristics include tunable band gap, nondangling bonds as well as compatibility to large-scale fabrication, for instance, chemical vapor deposition (CVD). MoS2 is one of the first TMDs that is well studied in the photodetection area widely. However, the low photoresponse restricts its applications in photodetectors unless the device is applied with ultrahigh source-drain voltage ( VDS) and gate voltage ( VGS). In this work, the photoresponse of a MoS2 photodetector was improved by a chemical in situ doping method using gold chloride hydrate. The responsivity and specific detectivity were increased to 99.9 A/W and 9.4 × 1012 Jones under low VDS (0.1 V) and VGS (0 V), which are 14.6 times and 4.8 times higher than those of a pristine photodetector, respectively. The photoresponse enhancement results from chlorine n-type doping in CVD MoS2 which reduces the trapping of photoinduced electrons and promotes the photogating effect. This novel doping strategy leads to great applications of high-performance MoS2 photodetectors potentially and opens a new avenue to enhance photoresponse for other 2D materials.
Balancing Performance and Interpretability: Selecting Features with Bootstrapped Ridge Regression

Informctticists sometimes attempt to predict chronic healthcare events that are not fully understood. The resulting models often incorporate copious numbers of predictors derived across diverse datasets. This approach may yield desirable performance characteristics, but it sacrifices interpretability and portability. The Bootstrapped Ridge Selector (BoRidge) offers a tool to balance performance with interpretability. Compared to two modern feature selection methods, Bootstrapped LASSO regression (BoLASSO) and a minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance selector (mRMR), the BoRidge bested them for binary classification on artificially generated data (sensitivity: 0.83, specificity:0.72) versus BoLASSO (sensitivity: 0.1, specificity:1) and mRMR (sensitivity: 0.69, specificity: 0.69). On a dataset used to validate a published suicide risk prediction model, the BoRidge selected an equally precise model to the publication, with far fewer predictors (114 versus the 1,538 used in the published model). The BoRidge has the potential to simplify classification models for complex problems, making them easier to translate and act upon.
Plasma proteome profiling discovers novel proteins associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the population and can progress to cirrhosis with limited treatment options. As the liver secretes most of the blood plasma proteins, liver disease may affect the plasma proteome. Plasma proteome profiling of 48 patients with and without cirrhosis or NAFLD revealed six statistically significantly changing proteins (ALDOB, APOM, LGALS3BP, PIGR, VTN, and AFM), two of which are already linked to liver disease. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) was significantly elevated in both cohorts by 170% in NAFLD and 298% in cirrhosis and was further validated in mouse models. Furthermore, a global correlation map of clinical and proteomic data strongly associated DPP4, ANPEP, TGFBI, PIGR, and APOE with NAFLD and cirrhosis. The prominent diabetic drug target DPP4 is an aminopeptidase like ANPEP, ENPEP, and LAP3, all of which are up‐regulated in the human or mouse data. Furthermore, ANPEP and TGFBI have potential roles in extracellular matrix remodeling in fibrosis. Thus, plasma proteome profiling can identify potential biomarkers and drug targets in liver disease.
Comparison of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Palatal versus Lipoaspirated Adipose Tissue

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the proliferation and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from palatal adipose tissue (PAT) and lipoaspirated adipose tissue (LAT). Materials and Methods: PATs were obtained from 2 healthy female patients undergoing surgery for gingival recession, and LATs were obtained from 2 healthy female patients undergoing plastic surgery. LAT- and PAT-derived MSCs were confirmed by flow cytometry using MSC-specific surface markers. The multilineage differentiation capacity of the MSCs was analyzed. The expression of immunophenotyping, embryonic, and differentiation markers was compared between both MSC lines. The proliferation of PAT- and LAT-MSCs was evaluated using a real-time cell analyzer, and telomerase activity was determined using an ELISA-based TRAP assay. Stem cells isolated from PAT and LAT were analyzed by real-time PCR and whole genome array analysis. Results: The cells isolated from PAT had MSC characteristics. In addition, PAT-MSCs had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic potential than LAT-MSCs. Although the proliferation and telomerase activities of LAT-MSCs were higher than those of PAT-MSCs, the difference was not statistically significant. The level of embryonic stem cell markers (Oct4 and Nanog) was higher in LAT-MSCs than in PAT-MSCs. The whole genome array analysis demonstrated that 255 gene sequences were differentially expressed, with more than a twofold change in expression. Conclusions: This is the first comparative analysis of the isolation and characterization of MSCs from PAT and LAT. PAT is an accessible source of MSCs, which could be used in periodontal and craniofacial tissue engineering.