Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fume emissions during gas metal arc welding

The control of exposure to welding fumes is of increasing importance in promoting a healthy, safe and productive work environment. This article describes the effects of shielding gas composition on the amount and composition of welding fumes produced during gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The amount of fumes generated during welding was measured for steady current over a range of wire-feed speeds and arc voltages using the standard procedures contained in ANSI/AWS F1.2 [American Welding Society. ANSI/AWS F1.2. Laboratory method for measuring fume generation rates and total fume emission of welding and allied processes. Miami, Florida; 1992]. Results of these measurements show that the fume formation rates (FFRs) increase with CO2 and O2 in the shielding gas mixture. The lowest FFRs were obtained with the mixtures of Ar + 2%CO2 and Ar + 3%CO2 + 1%O2. The highest FFRs were obtained with the mixtures of Ar + 18%CO2 and Ar + 5%CO2 + 4%O2. The welding fumes contains mainly iron, manganese, silicon, titanium and sodium under oxide forms. The fume cluster particles have dimensions between 0.5 and 2 µm. The FFR was found to be governed by the transfer modes of molten metal, i.e. the current intensity and arc voltage, as well as by the shielding gas mixtures composition. Thus these parameters have to be taken into consideration before designing a welding process. Whenever possible, users of GMAW should use the lowest current intensity. However, when this is not possible, due to the constraints of process productivity, welders should use higher currents, but with Ar + 2%CO2 and Ar + 3%CO2 + 1%O2 shielding mixtures, which will lead to smaller fume emissions.
Seasonal Measurement of GreenhouseGas Concentrations and Emissions Alongthe Longitudinal Profile of a Small Stream

In order to find out whether streams might be a major source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, our investigation sought to determine the total emissions of CH4, CO2, and N2O from the surface water of a small stream. Over a period of a year we used floating chambers to measure gas emissions along the longitudinal profile of Sitka Stream (Czech Republic). Additionally, we measured gas concentrations of surface and interstitial waters. We found that interstitial and surface waters were supersaturated by all monitored gases – especially by CH4 – and that the stream is a significant emitter of these greenhouse gases. The concentrations and the emission rates of all three gases were higher in the downstream part than upstream. In the case of CH4 the majority of total annual emissions (90%) was released from the most downstream section, representing only 1/5 of the stream’s total surface area (0.18 km2). The majority of CH4 and CO2 emissions were released during warmer periods of the year and the highest N2O emissions from Sitka were recorded during summer and winter. The total annual emissions of CH4, CO2, and N2O into the atmosphere from the water’s surface were estimated to be 0.6 t, 210 t, and 0.2 t, respectively. After conversion of the greenhouse gas emissions to CO2 equivalents using a calculation by IPCC, CO2 accounts for the majority of total annual emissions of greenhouse gases (70.1%), with the second being N2O (22.7%), and the last CH4 (7.2%) for a 100-year time horizon. This work brings worthwhile data of greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations from a small water stream based on seasonal measurements along the longitudinal profile.
The Emergence of “Art”: Explosion or Illusion

For some 3 million years, the archaeological record is characterized by stone tools undergoing incremental changes. Then around 40,000 years ago, the monotony of lithics is terminated by a profusion of visual representations, generally considered to be the world’s first objets d’art. This collection include a series of portable objects, especially figurines and, later on, the famous cave paintings from western Europe, as well as lesser-known shell-beads in the Levant and painted slabs in Australia. Despite myriad forms and geographic diversity, the figures of this period consistently exhibit a level of sophistication surprising for humanity’s first alleged dabbling in art. Scholars argue over the rate at which art truly emerged. Natural objects engraved with simple geometric designs have been purported to be artistic precursors — the beginning of a gradual trajectory from primitive to developed art. Scientific analysis has confirmed that the appearance of some of these artifacts is consistent with an anthropogenic origin. However, even if they are man-made, the meaning of these objects is unclear. Rather than representing artistic antecedents, they may belong to a separate class of human activity, more akin to modern doodling. This suggestion seems rather plausible due to the fact that the archaeological record has crude geometric etchings and masterful realistic creations, but very little in between. If these categories are part of the same trajectory, where is the middle of the curve?
Modern lighting sources and controls for energy efficient lighting and a smart control algorithm application

Energy is an important measure of prosperity of a nation. Energy has been the life-blood for continual progress of human civilization. Since the beginning of industrial revolution around two centuries ago, the global energy consumption has increased by leaps and bounds to accelerate the human living standard, particularly in the industrialized nations of the world. In order to assess the energy efficiency of an indoor lighting installation, a criterion for the installed electrical power is proposed which is broadly applicable and easy to use. Introducing target values for lamps and gear and taking into account some basic lighting comfort requirements, the maximum electrical power to be installed can be predicted for any kind of application. Herewith, one or more task areas with appropriate target illuminance values may be defined. The key parameter of the criterion is the analytical expression for the target utilance as a function of common lighting design parameters. Improved system is provided automatically controlling a light level of an interior space. The system includes a light sensor, motion sensors, electronic control cards, and a PC for fuzzy controller. Fuzzy Controller is determined turning on or turning off lamp groups according to information of light level and motion sensors.
Evaluating Individual Subjective Well-being via Social Media

Subjective well-being (SWB) is now attracting more and more attention from policy makers. Traditional way of measuring SWB by self-reporting based on questionnaire has the limitation of small sample size and low survey frequency. With the rapid spread and use of social media, the online posts of users provide a new way to study SWB. But the existing work haven't gone far from word counting and ignore the components of SWB. In this paper we propose a new framework to evaluate individual SWB from social media. We leverage the language cues and introduce useful features to evaluate SWB. Moreover, we introduce a way to expand the SWB feature. To check the effectiveness of the framework, we crowdsource user tweets and their subjective well-being. Experiments on the dataset show that this way of evaluating SWB achieves a high accuracy in evaluating individual SWB.
Tax Morale, Trust and Corruption: Empirical Evidence from Transition Countries

This paper analyses tax morale in transition countries. Tax morale has been used as dependent variable working with World Values Survey and European Values data for different years (1990-2000). The results suggest that trust, measured as trust in the legal system, the government, the parliament and the national officers has a strong impact on tax morale. Furthermore, a higher degree of satisfaction with the political system leads to a higher tax morale. Furthermore, the paper investigates the correlation between corruption and tax morale. The bivariate as well as the multivariate analysis show that in transition countries a higher corruption leads to a lower tax morale.
Nutritional and Microbiological Evaluation of Ricebean (Vigna umbellata) Based Probiotic Food Multi Mix Using Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus

The sustainable developmental goal emphasized a holistic approach to achieve zero hunger, good health and wellbeing till 2030. To achieve such goal, food diversifications like food fortification can be employed to prevent hunger, starvation and micronutrient deficiencies on a long term basis. One of the best food based approach to address these issues is by development of new value added products like Food Multi Mix from local functional ingredients for better affordability, accessibility and availability among vulnerable section of our community and also for reducing the major risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. WHO and FAO also focus on utilization of some underutilized legume or pulses in recent years. The use of microbial food additives in improving productivity of functional foods is currently generating a great deal of interest in scientific food industry. The objective of the study was to standardize ricebean based probiotic FMM and to evaluate its nutritional quality. Two FMM were developed namely FMM I and FMM II. All the ingredients were preprocessed before mixing together. FMM I was formulated based on energy density value between 1512.00-1890.00 kJ (360-450 kcal) per 100 g of sample and further by mixing all the ingredients at appropriate amount. Subsequently FMM II was formulated by inoculating probiotic bacteria viz Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in FMM I both individually and in combination in different test samples. The test sample containing highest microbial viability after 30 days of storage was designated as FMM II. Both the Food Multi mixes had optimum macro and micronutrients. Results showed that probiotification played an important role in enhancing the nutrient content in FMM II. The Food Multi Mixes also had good physical properties in terms of bulk density, viscosity, water holding and fat holding capacity. Thus, the FMM concept had been an effective tool in developing food products from underutilized crops to bridge the gap between protein energy malnutrition in developing countries.
Phytochemical studies on Catharanthus roseus grown in Eco-friendly Feather compost

The present study investigated importance of feather compost as bio-fertilizer to increase the fertility of soil and growth of C. roseus. The screening of primary and secondary metabolites was carried out in the effect of feather compost on the growth of a C. roseus plant. The presence of feather compost has significantly increased primary and secondary metabolites as compared to control one. The crude ethanol extract of C. roseus plant leaves analyzed over TLC, shows prominent orange brown colour band indicating the presence of vincristine to that of standard vincristine sample. The compound was identified with alkaloid extraction of Et-OH in mass spectrum. Comparing the mass spectrum obtained with database the molecular formula C46H57N4O10 and molecular ion peak at 825 was found.
A Comparison of RECCo and FCPFC Controller on Nonlinear Chemical Reactor

The objective of this paper was to present a performance comparison between a new fuzzy (cloud-based) predictive functional control (FCPFC) and the Robust Evolving Cloud-based controller (RECCo). Both methods use the same type of fuzzy cloud-based system (the same antecedent part). The clouds are used for partitioning the data space and dealing with the non-linearity of the processes. In case of FCPFC the fuzzy cloud-based model is used to identify the process model while the control signal is analytically calculated to minimize some criterion. In case of RECCo algorithm the clouds are used to identify the operating region and the control signal is adapted in online manner. The controllers were tested on a second order nonlinear, locally oscillating, chemical process CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). The performance and control effort of the methods were compared according to several criteria. The results show that the proposed controller FCPFC has slightly faster response but longer settling time than the RECCo controller.
The Moderating Role of Country-specific Characteristics on Pay-performance Relationship in Asian Markets: A Meta-Analysis Approach

The purpose of this study is to integrate the findings of the studies related to the relationship between CEO compensation and firm performance in Asian countries. The second concern of the paper is to explore the moderating role of country-specific characteristics on the pay-performance relationship in Asian markets. In order to achieve the study’s objective, meta-analysis technique is utilized through CMA. Basically, the results are analyzed with both the fixed effect and random effect models. however, the assumption of the fixed effect model regarding same true effect size was not fulfilled. Moreover, a higher level of heterogeneity was detected. Therefore, this study ignores the results denoted by the fixed effect model and follows the results prescribed by the random effect model. After eliminating outliers, the findings from 22 studies revealed that CEO compensation in Asian markets is aligned with firm performance but with the small magnitude. Furthermore, the results from the method of moments suggested that there is a positive effect of country’s development and literacy on the pay-performance link, however, the negative effect of gender inequality and Islamic practices are evaluated. Conversely, no significant effect of corruption on the pay-performance relationship is purported in the study. As the authors find the influence of country-specific characteristics on the pay-performance relationship in Asian markets, this study confirms the need for enhancing pay-performance sensitivity in Asian markets to mitigate potential agency conflicts.
Laser-Scribing Technology for Wafer-Scale Graphene Devices

Graphene has attracted a lot of attention due to its amazing properties. A huge number of novel devices, covering the electric, acoustic, photonic, magnetic and mechanical domains, can be developed with graphene. Its ultrahigh mobility can enable ultra-fast transistors or photodetectors. However, the natural zero bandgap of graphene, with insufficient on/off ratio, limits its practical applications. In this chapter, we introduce laser-scribing technology that enables wafer-scale production of graphene devices. Moreover, such laser-scribed graphene (LSG) is, infact, semi-reduced graphene oxide with a finite bandgap, which is suitable for practical applications. We show five kinds of representative LSG devices and their integration. These devices are a resistive memory, an earphone, a strain sensor, a pressure sensor and a light-emitting device. These LSG devices are high-performance, flexible and low cost, which demonstrates the practical nature of laser-scribed graphene-based materials. Finally, an outlook is presented regarding how laser scribing, a serial patterning method, may lead to similar developments in various other serial lithography techniques, such as ion beam lithography. A graphene light-emitting device is also developed with a tuneable emission wavelength. These results demonstrate that laser-scribing technology can be used as a platform to develop novel graphene devices. As a serial lithography technique, at the forefront of controlled graphene oxide reduction, laser scribing serves as a model for similar developments in other patterning techniques, such as ion beam lithography.
Major in Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics University of Barcelona Fundamental Theorems of Functional Analysis and Applications

Among the fundamental theorems of Functional Analysis are the open mapping theorem, the closed graph theorem, the uniform boundedness principle, the BanachSteinhaus theorem and the Hahn-Banach theorem. We study them in the context of Banach spaces and applications in Analysis like the divergence of Fourier series, the Riesz representation theorem, the existence of nowhere differentiable continuous functions, etc. Apart from Mathematics, we demonstrate that those theorems can play an important role in Physics by examining two more applications: the moment problem and a rocket ascent. The whole thesis outlines that those theorems are applied in many disciplines and can lead to relevant results.
Moisture properties of self-levelling flooring compounds. Part II. Sorption isotherms.

Moisture sorption in self-levelling flooring compounds was investigated by using a sorption balance. Results are presented as sorption isotherms. Influence of temperature, age, water to binder ratio and carbonation are also presented. An increased temperature and increased water to binder ratio gives lower moisture sorption. Results from scanning curves indicate that, when changing sorption mode, even a minute change in moisture content may result in a significant change in relative humidity in the material.
Efectividad de la miotomía de aductores y tenotomía de psoasiliaco en la prevención de la luxación de cadera en la parálisis cerebral espástica

espanolSe evaluaron 208 pacientes con paralisis cerebral infantil espastica, sin retardo mental, con potencia de marcha; la edad oscilo entre los 16 meses y los 13 anos de edad con un promedio de 5 anos. El seguimiento fue de la 10 anos, con promedio de 6,2 anos. A los que se realizo miotomia de aductores y tenotomia del psoasiliaco. Los resultados fueron valorados con el indice de migracion lateral. Los mejores resultados se logran en ninos de 2 anos con 8 5% de caderas reducidas. EnglishWe rewiewd 208 spastic cerebral palsied patients, without mental ratardation and with gait potential. They were 16 months to 13 years old (average 5 years). Follow-up was 1 to 10 years (average: 6,2 years). Myotomy were evaluated by lateral migration index. Best results were obteined in children of 2 years with 85% of reducted hips.
Phytofabrication for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles – Review

The synthesis of nanostructure substances, specifically metal nanoparticles, has accrued utmost concern over the last decade owing to their particular properties that cause them to applicable in distinctive fields of technology era. The biological technique of nanoparticle synthesis is a relatively easy, reasonably-priced, and environmental friendly approaches than the conventional chemical technique of synthesis and accordingly profits a top hand. The bio mineralization of nanoparticles in protein cages is one among such biological approaches used inside the era of nanoparticles. In this review we attempted to explore different techniques of synthesis of nanoparticles and its characterization. Further this review extended the usage of such nanoparticle in different fields.
Translocations and rapid evolutionary responses in recently established populations of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)

The response of quantitative traits in translocated populations has not been well explored. Evolutionary shifts in quantitative traits, such as life history characteristics, are of particular interest because of their obvious association with fitness. In a recent survey, Stockwell (1995) examined life history variation of four populations of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) that were derived from a common ancestral population 55–58 years earlier. Three life history traits differed considerably among the four sites and appeared to be correlated with local environmental conditions. To test whether these differences were due to plasticity or rapid evolution, fish from the four sites were maintained under common‐garden conditions for two generations. After two generations a genetic basis was inferred for two of the three traits (size at maturity and fat content), but not for the third trait (offspring size). Thus, rapid evolution had occurred for two life history traits in these recently established populations. This case of rapid life history evolution may be due to genetic drift and/or natural selection. These data suggest that translocations may lead to rapid evolutionary responses of targeted taxa. Rapid evolutionary responses are of special concern for ‘refuge’ populations that are maintained as a hedge against extinction.
Evaluating the Quality of Malaria-Related Health Information in the Nigerian Internet Context

Background: Patients and public are increasingly relying on Internet for health information. Health care providers are using internet for dissemination of health information. However, health information available on internet is not well regulated, and information quality varies greatly. Malaria is the leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries and has serious health burden around the world. The Internet could become a major resource for malaria education and information in Africa. This may potentially save millions of lives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of malaria health and treatment information available on the internet provided by the Nigerian context. Methods: Two key terms (malaria & treatment) were entered into three search engines: Google, Yahoo! and Bing. In order to retrieve articles as if the searches were conducted in Nigeria, the Local Area Network (LAN) settings were changed to a Nigerian proxy server, with a local Internet Protocol address. Three raters evaluated the quality of information using the DISCERN [9] instrument criteria. Kendall’s concordance coefficient (W) was calculated to determine the level of agreement among the three raters. Results: Thirty-eight websites evaluated, and the highest inter-rater average score was attributed to the Patient.co.uk website, followed by Wikipedia web site and Malaria Site. The “Home Remedies for You” website received the lowest score. Most evaluated websites were . com domains. The highest average score was given to . co.uk domains while . int had the lowest score. Conclusions: Improving the quality of malaria-related health information could lead to empowering communities, engaging and assisting them to strengthen their health and social information sharing and support.
Phytosociological characterization of weed species as affected by soil management.

Under tropical environments, the soil seed bank ensures floristic diversity and raises the ability of weeds to infest the area repeatedly whn weed/soil management practices are applied. The objective of this study is to identify weed species emerged phytosociologically from different depths in soils with distinct uses. The trial was carried out with soil samples collected from four agricultural areas with contrasting activities (1) Silvopastoral system composed by coconut trees with Brachiaria decumbens subjected to grazing; (2) same as 1, but without grazing; (3) sugarcane field; and (4) area with conventional tillage used for annual crops. The experiment was set up at the Campus II of the Vale do Rio Doce University, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytosociological characterization of weed species emerged from soil seed bank was carried out at soil depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm in each area. The results showed that a total of 32 species were emerged in the samples. The higher similarity of plant species was observed in the upper layer of soil by decreasing in the total number of species where depth increased. For areas with lower machine traffic and/or trampling by animals, i.e, with less compaction, the greatest similarity of plant species was observed in the upper layer, indicating either a decrease in number of seeds or increase in seed dormancy as depth increased/ or both of them. Results showed that the management applied in each area promotes changes in the seed bank also as a function of soil depth.