Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of formulation and evaluation of self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS)

Approximately half of the new drug applicants that reach formulation have poor water solubility. Oral delivery has been the main route of drug administration for the chronic treatment of numerous diseases. In different cases, in oral conveyance, 50 % of the medication compound is hampered because of the high lipid soluble or fat soluble of the medication itself. Around 40 % of new drug applicants show low solubility in water, which prompts poor oral bioavailability, high Intra and Intersubject changeability, and deficiency of dose proportionality Aim of review. The main aim of this review article is to gather the information related to design and evaluation of SMEDDS. These information can be utilized to enhance the bioavailability of the poorly aqueous soluble drug for various types of orally administered drugs. In this review article, various literature are reviewed and summerised in single paper to serve as reference guide to various research scholars and researchers working on self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Materials and Methods. To prepare this manuscript various keywords were searched in different search engine such as Google, Yahoo and Bing etc. This review article reviews the recent work done in the field of SMEDDS. It comprises review of literatures available in public domain and formulation of SMEDDS and its characterization is summarized in this article. Result. The various strategies to developed poor aqueous soluble drug for improvement of bioavailability for example, salt development and molecular size reduction of the compound might be one technique to enhance the dissolution rate of the drug. In any case, these methods have their limitations. SMEDDS is one of the novel applications for the delivery of low water soluble and low bioavailability of drug. SMEDDS is a method to improve the aqueous solubility of the medication; SMEDDS are described as isotropic blenders of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactant. Upon slightly stir followed by dilution with distilled water, for example, gastrointestinal liquids, these techniques can define clear o/w micro emulsion. SMEDDS is first choice and key technology for developing the lipophilic drug and other different factors that chance to affect the oral bioavailability. Conclusions. This review paper attempts to describe the preparation of SMEDDS and furthermore discusses the development of pseudo ternary phase diagram for SMEDDS. It describes the mechanism and method of preparation involved in SMEDDS. The capability of oral absorption of drug compound from the SMEDDS relies upon numerous formulation−related parameters, for example, surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant ratio, and hydrophobicity of emulsion, globule size and charge, in vitro, in vivo all of which basically characterized the ability of self-emulsification. SMEDDS are administered as unit dosage form and it also protect the degradation of drug
THE EFFECT OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION AT ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMAN 14 KABUPATEN TANGERANG IN ACADEMIC YEARS 2018/2019

A B STRACT This research aim to help students comprehend English reading texts and make students more practice in learning, especially in discussion. This research use Quantitative Research. Population in this research is 258 students of eleventh grade in SMAN 14 Kab.Tangerang. In selecting the sample, the researcher uses Purposive Sampling Technique. The sample in this research is two classes, experimental class 30 students and controlled class 34 students. There are two variables, first, variable X is Reciprocal Teaching Strategy, and Y is Reading Comprehension. The researcher used T-test to analyse the result. The result of the statistical calculation and hypothesis testing in chapter IV it shows that tcount was higher than the ttable (6,732 > 1,670) which means that Ha is accepted. It means that reciprocal teaching have a significantly positive effect on the English reading comprehension. K e ywords : reading comprehension, reciprocal teaching, conventional teaching
Economic impacts of innovations in tourism marketing

Our paper tackles the novel issues of the economic impacts and innovations in tourism marketing in the 21st century. The paper examines the economic impact of tourism and its influence on the economy and the tourism industry in general from the angle of innovations in the tourism marketing and the new challenges for the tourism industry brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic that disrupted international tourism and caused major economic losses to the industry. We analyse the changes that the coronavirus pandemic made to the tourism industry and focus on the novel trends in tourism marketing that embeds the new informational technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), online Zoom tours, and other novelties that emerged after the lockdowns and social distancing imposed in the first half of 2020 in order to prevent the spread of the coronavirus infection. Our results show that tourism marketing in the 21st century should be based on sustainable management and provide the right answers to questions about the impacts of tourism on the economy without sacrificing positive economic growth. We also show that information technologies might offer viable alternatives to massive international over-tourism and package tours ensuring both the safety of travel and deeper immersion into the travel experience before, during, and after the trip. Our outcomes might be useful for tourism scholars, policymakers, as well as stakeholders specializing in international tourism marketing.
A Soil Environmental Quality Assessment Model Based on Data Fusion and Its Application in Hebei Province

Soil pollution has become one of the most important environmental issues in China. It is very important to evaluate soil environmental quality comprehensively and objectively. This paper proposes a soil environment quality assessment model based on the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model and data fusion. At first, 18 evaluation indicators are selected, including complex indexes, such as the industrialization index, heavy metal pollution index, organic pollution index, potential ecological risk index, and human health risk index, and single indexes such as population density, fertilizer/pesticide application intensity, annual average air quality index, etc. Then, hierarchical analysis model is constructed, and the weight of each indicator is calculated based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. According to the quartile of indicator values of 32 provincial administrative divisions on the Chinese mainland, the values of each indicator are standardized and graded. Finally, the soil environmental quality index (SEQI) is calculated by the weighted average of the standard values of the 18 indicators. The assessment model is then applied in evaluating soil quality of Hebei Province, China. The results show that the soil environmental quality of Hebei’s agricultural land is in a medium state, and the industrial land is approaching the alert state. The pressure of soil pollution mainly comes from the discharge of industrial pollutants and the application of pesticides and fertilizers. Soil pollutants, such as lead, copper, zinc, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[a] should be especially controlled.
Clonal relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the Middle East: a systematic review

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Determination of clonal relatedness among Acinetobacter baumannii strains at region level is an important epidemiological issue. In this systematic review, we analyzed 33 MLST-based studies (both Oxford and Pasteur MLST schemes) conducted in the Middle East. This study showed that multidrug-resistant ST2Pas (belonging to CC2), ST195Ox, and ST208Ox (both belonging to CC92) have been repeatedly reported from numerous Middle Eastern countries. In the Pasteur scheme, blaVIM and blaIMP as carbapenmase genes have been mainly detected from Saudi Arabia. Moreover, blaOXA-58 encoding sequence types were from Turkey (ST2, ST109, and ST84) and Saudi Arabia (ST19, ST20, ST196, ST194). On the other hand, an analysis of the Oxford scheme revealed that there were five major clonal complexes, including CC218, CC109, CC99, CC236, and CC1151. Egyptian sequence types were the main producers of blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaKPC. This study indicates that highly visited countries in this region have an important role in the distribution of major carbapenemase genes. These countries effectively involved in the expansion and circulation of multidrug-resistant sequence types throughout the Middle East.
Beaked and Killer Whales Show How Collective Prey Behaviour Foils Acoustic Predators

Animals aggregate to obtain a range of fitness benefits, but a common cost of aggregation is increased detection by predators. Here we show that, in contrast to visual and chemical signallers, aggregated acoustic signallers need not face higher predator encounter rate. This is the case for prey groups that synchronize vocal behaviour but have negligible signal time-overlap in their vocalizations. Beaked whales tagged with sound and movement loggers exemplify this scenario: they precisely synchronize group vocal and diving activity but produce non-overlapping short acoustic cues. They combine this with acoustic hiding when within reach of eavesdropping predators to effectively annul the cost of aggregation for predation risk from their main predator, the killer whale. We generalize this finding in a mathematical model that predicts the key parameters that social vocal prey, which are widespread across taxa and ecosystems, can use to mitigate detection by eavesdropping predators.
Quality of Care Delivered to Tuberculosis Patients among Public Hospitals in Central Northeast Ethiopia

Background Inappropriate Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment contributes to unfavorable health outcome among TB patients. Improving quality of healthcare service helps to avert TB related morbidity. Despite these facts, the level of quality of service is not known in the hospitals. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the quality of care delivered to TB patients among public hospitals. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 30, 2019 in North Shewa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. All TB patients who had follow-up in the hospitals were included. This resulted in the involvement of 82 TB patients. Data was collected by trained data collectors using facility audit, clinical observation checklists, structured questionnaire and in-depth interview. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify the predictors of patients' satisfaction. Results In this study, 82 respondents with a mean age of 36.48 (±13.27) years were participated. The mean quality score for structural dimension was 59.5%, and 53.7% of participants were found to be satisfied in outcome dimension. The mean score for process dimension of quality of service were 67.9%. Having TB symptoms were significantly associated with the level of patient satisfaction towards TB care [AOR = 0.217, p = 0.015]. Conclusion Quality of TB services from structural and outcome dimension were low and higher in process dimension. Thus, careful attention on the quality of services will help to reduce the burden of TB.
Married at Birth: Regulation of Cellular Fat Metabolism by ER–Lipid Droplet Crosstalk

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a hub that coordinates neutral lipid synthesis, storage, and export. To fulfill this role, the ER maintains close contact with lipid droplets (LDs), which are evolutionarily conserved organelles for the storage of neutral lipids. Decades of biochemical evidence points to fatty acid modification and neutral lipid synthesis in the ER. Conceptually, lipid export into extracellular space or lipid retention intracellularly require the subsequent remodeling of an ER membrane leaflet that faces the lumen or cytoplasm, respectively. This is because LDs and very-low-density lipoprotein particles are all structures surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. While the export of neutral lipids via very-low-density lipoprotein production is well characterized, there has been increasing interest in the mechanisms that underlie neutral lipid retention in LDs. Structural determination, in vitro reconstitution, and localization of key proteins by advanced microscopy techniques collectively enrich models of ER-LD engagement. In this review, we consider current concepts on how LDs emerge from the ER in a directional manner and how sustained ER-LD contacts support LD expansion.
Sensory, Microbial, Texture and Nutritional Evaluation of Okara Supplemented Probiotic Dhokla

Currently an increase in knowledge of functional foods has led to develop foods with health benefits besides the basic role of nutrition. The traditional fermented foods contain high nutritive value and developed a diversity of flavours, aromas, and textures in food substrates. Now a day, food industries are focusing on different applications of probiotics in food products and creating a new generation of ‘probiotic health’ foods. Traditionally, probiotic products are usually marketed in the form of fermented milks and yogurts; however, with an increase in vegetarianism amongst consumers throughout International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Interdisciplinary phenomena and their regional differences in management science

It is of great significance to discuss the interdisciplinary phenomenon and its regional differences for a comprehensive insight into the intersection and integration of disciplines in the field of science and technology. In this study, based on the text information of the National Nature Fund Project, the corpus is constructed by using keyword information, combined with TF-IDF algorithm to improve cosine similarity, and a region-specific measurement method of discipline intersection is proposed. Using this method, the interdisciplinary difference maps of this discipline among provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in China are obtained, and the interdisciplinary and regional differences in this field are analyzed. The results show that management science has small-world characteristics, and there are great differences in the degree of discipline intersection among different regions, which verifies the effectiveness of the construction method of this study.
Species-specific morphological and physiological characteristics and progressive nitrogen limitation under elevated CO2 concentration

Abstract: Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) concentration initially enhances photosynthesis, growth and ecosystem productivity, but the excessive use of nitrogen due to the increased productivity causes uncertainty in long-term ecosystem responses. We exposed Korean red pine, Chinese ash, and Korean mountain ash to current atmospheric CO2 concentration (aCO2), 1.4 times higher CO2 concentration (eCO21.4), and 1.8 times higher CO2 concentration (eCO21.8) in an Open-Top Chamber (OTC) experiment for eight years (2010-2017) to investigate the effect on the morphological and physiological properties of trees. We also assessed whether nitrogen limitation occurred with time by comparing leaf and soil nitrogen concentration. CO2 fertilization effect was observed on tree growth for the first two years (p < 0.05), but there was no difference thereafter. For photosynthetic properties, CO2 effects were species-specific; no effects on Korean red pine and Chinese ash vs. significant effect on Korean mountain ash. However, maximum photosynthetic and carboxylation rates significantly decreased by 24.3% and 31.3% from 2013 to 2017, respectively. Leaf nitrogen significantly decreased by 21.0 % at eCO21.4 and 18.5 % at eCO21.8 compared with aCO2 treatment. This study showed the decline of leaf nitrogen and species-specific responses to long-term high CO2 concentration, which will effect on species competition and ecosystem succession.
Effect of aqueous extracts from tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) on feeding of selected crop pests

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aqueous extracts prepared from dry and fresh matter of tarragon (Arte-misia dracunculus L.) on feeding of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) and cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopa L.). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions in six replications. Extracts were prepared in concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10% for dry matter and 10%, 20% and 30% for fresh matter. In order to determine the effect of extracts on pea aphid, mortalities of wingless females and larvae were determined in 12-hour intervals. In the case of Colorado potato beetle, the mass of food consumed by imago was determined, and for cereal leaf beetle - the area of leaf parenchyma consumed by the larvae. The results of the experiment showed that all used extracts, prepared both from fresh and dry matter of tarragon, contributed to increase in mortality of wingless females and larvae of pea aphid. Moreover, extracts from dry matter limited feeding of adult Colorado potato beetle. Dry matter extracts with two highest concentrations (5% and 10%) and from fresh matter with the highest concentration (30%) caused decrease in the area of leaf damage caused by the cereal leaf beetle larvae.
Design and Experimental Analysis of a Three-Phase Active CM/DM Conducted EMI Noise Separator

This work investigates three-phase electromagnetic interference (EMI) conducted emission (CE) measurements with the aim to separate the noise voltages in their common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) parts. By doing so, the converter input and/or output filter stages can be individually optimized to improve the CM or DM attenuation depending on the origin of the CE disturbances. An overview of various ways to achieve this separation is provided and an active three-phase noise separator is presented. The main advantage of the presented active solution is the absence of magnetic components in the signal path which drastically facilitates the matching at high frequencies. The influence of asymmetries and mismatches of the component parasitics as well as in the circuit board layout are analyzed. To assess the performance of the proposed system according to widely known metrics such as CM and DM transfer functions and rejection ratios, different test methods are established and the implied limitations regarding maximum measurable performance are considered. Finally, experimental results verifying the calculated separation capabilities are provided.
Bibliography and checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies of Bhutan

An overview is given of literature containing distribution records of dragonflies and damselflies in Bhutan. Based on this an annotated checklist is presented which contains 92 species. Camacinia gigantea (Brauer, 1867) and Libellago lineata (Burmeister, 1839) are listed as new to Bhutan.
A role for Sel-Plex™, a source of organic selenium in selenised yeast cell wall protein, as a factor that influences meat stability

Selenium is an important mineral required in the antioxidant system in animals, which is involved with oxidative stability in tissues, particularly membranes, and is involved in various aspects of meat quality and stability on the shelf, due to its protective properties on lipids, preventing rancidity. Se can be supplied in an inorganic or chemically organic form, and it is well known that the latter has beneficial properties and improved functionality in physiological systems compared to the former. Research has shown that organic Se is associated with increased tenderness and the prevention of certain problems in pale exudative meat, discolouration and off-flavours and odours in meat, although this depends on other components of the antioxidant system, such as vitamin E, being present as well. The change in prominence of glutathione peroxidase forms in their interaction with vitamin E in cell membranes is also noted. The following review (the third in a series) details the research that has been conducted into the role of Se in meat stability and related factors, with specific focus on organic forms of Se, namely the commercial product Sel-Plex ™ (Alltech Inc, Nicholasville, KY, USA), which is derived from yeast and in which selenium replaces sulphur in methionine forming selenomethionine in yeast protein.
Treatment Algorithm for Hyaluronic Acid-Related Complication Based on a Systematic Review of Case Reports, Case Series, and Clinical Experience

Study Design: Systematic review of hyaluronic acid (HA)-related complications. Objective: To systematically review all available literature including case reports and case series to identify a pattern for the management of vascular compromise resulting in facial skin ischemia and ocular manifestations following HA injection. Methods: This review was based on a systematic search of 3 electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus for all available literature including case series and case reports from database inception to July 2019. Only a total of 52 case reports/series were eligible for review and included 107 patients. Results: The reviewed literature available was comprised from case reports/series and indicated that management of both impending skin necrosis and visual disturbances is variable with no repetitive pattern of action. Yet, successful management is time dependent as early interventions stopped progression and, in some cases, even reversed adverse effects. Conclusion: Results found no universal protocol for achieving optimal results for adverse effects and as such, we present a step-by-step algorithm for the emergency management of complications following HA injection.
Dietary zinc inhibits the formation of colonic preneoplastic lesion induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate in mice

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in western countries or in the developed countries. Zinc intake has been associated with decreased risk of CRC. We investigated the effect of zinc on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by azoxymethane followed by dextran sodium sulfate in mice. Five-week old ICR mice were fed with the different zinc levels (0.01, 0.1, 1 ppm) for 12 weeks. The numbers of ACF were measured in the colonic mucosa. The ACF number of HZn group was significantly low compared with LZn group or MZn group. Cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity was the highest in HZn group, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level for lipid peroxidation was the highest in LZn group. There was no difference in number of PCNA-positive proliferative cells among the groups. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were increased in HZn group compared with LZn group. The HZn group exhibited a decrease of β-catenin immunostaining areas compared with the LZn or MZn group. These findings indicate that dietary zinc might exert a protecting effect against colon carcinogenesis by inhibiting the development of ACF in the mice.