Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting behavior of monometallic catalyst s in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Catalyst is essential for the controlled synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, it is difficult to observe these nano-sized particles in their original forms and in a statistical manner, which resulted in a vague understanding of the behaviors of these particles. We present a technique to solve this long-standing issue. The key is to have a MEMS fabricated suspended SiO2 layer, which is thick enough to support catalyst deposition and nanotube growth but thin enough to allow electron beam to transit. On a 20 nm SiO2 film, we confirm that catalyst can be observed at an atomic resolution, and the catalyst-SWNT junctions can also be routinely observed. As a demonstration of this technique, we revisited the behavior of monometallic catalyst through a systematic investigation on the size, chemical state, and crystal structure of particles before and after the high temperature CVD. The active catalyst are found to follow a tangential growth mode, while the inactive catalyst are divided into three mechanisms: size growth, metal loss, and inappropriate precipitation. The latter two mechanisms were not possible to observe by previous techniques. *correspondence may be addressed: xiangrong@photon.t. u-tokyo.ac. jp (R. X.) and maruyama@photon.t. u-tokyo.ac. jp (S. M.)
Long-Term Growth Driven by a Sequence of General Purpose Technologies

We present a Schumpterian model of endogenous growth with General Purpose Technologies (GPTs) that captures two important historical stylized facts: First, from the beginning of mankind until today GPTs are arriving at an increasing frequency and, second, all GPTs heavily depended on previous technologies. In our model, the arrival of GPTs is endogenous and arises stochastically depending on the currently available applied knowledge stock. This way of endogenizing the arrival of new GPTs allows for a model which is more in tune with the historical reality than the existing GPT models.
An empirical examination of factors contributing to the adoption of IFRS in developing countries

This research aims to analyze factors that influence the likelihood of IFRS adoption in developing countries. Research that focuses on the IFRS adoption in developing countries is limited. Developing countries are supposed to get many benefits from the adoption of IFRS as it is a cheap shortcut to improve the quality of financial reporting to attract foreign capital and to finance its development. In addition to macroeconomic factors, this research also examines the influence of institutional factors and the development of local accounting standards. Using the binomial logit regression, the result shows that the regulatory quality of a country positively af-fects the possibility of IFRS adoption in developing countries. It means that the better quality of the regulator in those countries, the higher possibility to fully adopt the IFRS. Furthermore, there is a tendency that the countries will fully adopt the IFRS when they already have local accounting standards that previously referred to international standards. The results imply that the IASB strategy should focus more on cooperation with local regulators or groups of regional cooperation to reach its objective to develop single set of high quality international standard.
Data-Driven Approaches for Circular Economy in Manufacturing for Digital Technologies: A Review of Current Research and Proposed Framework

The Circular Economy has been of growing significance within academic, policymaking and industry groups. Latest developments in the field of Circular Economy has led to an expansion of CE studies focused on interrogating CE as a paradigm, its relationship with sustainability and concepts and definitions of the Circular Economy. Research has also identified the significant potential of applying circular approaches to areas of the economy, including manufacturing and Industry 4.0, which, with data, is enabling latest the advances in digital technologies. This is the first review paper to integrate the fields of CE and digital technologies resulting in a framework which provides directions for policymakers and guidance for future research. To achieve this, we conduct a systematic literature review of the empirical literature related to digital technologies, industry 4.0 and circular approaches, from the point of the 9 Rs. The systematic literature review (SLR) is based on peer-reviewed articles published between 2000-2018. The findings reveal that while research on the circular economy has been on an annual rise, research on digital technologies enabled circular economy is still relatively an untouched area of research across all nine (9) circular approaches. As such this is an area rife for further research. This paper also presents illustrative charts and graphs to summarize the current trends in circular economy research in manufacturing. From this, a framework for future circular economy research for manufacturing for digital technologies is proposed.
Constructing drug effects: A history of set and setting

Set and setting is a term which refers to the psychological, social, and cultural parameters which shape the response to psychedelic drugs. The concept is considered fundamental to psychedelic research and has also been used to describe nonpharmacological factors which shape the effects of other agents such as alcohol, heroin, amphetamines, or cocaine. This paper reviews the history and evolution of the concept of set and setting from the 19th-century Parisian Club des Hashischins, through to 1950s psychotomimetic research on nondrug determinants of psychopharmacology, the use of extra-drug techniques by psychedelic therapists of the 1950s, and the invention of the concept of set and setting by Leary. Later developments and expansions on the concept of set and setting are discussed, and the term of collective set and setting is suggested as a theoretical tool to describe the social forces which shape individual set and setting situations. The concept of set and setting, it is argued, is crucial not only for psychedelic research but also for advancing drug research and developing more effective drug policy.
Assets Valuation Using a Contingent Claim

In this paper we consider the price dynamics of a portfolio consisting of risk-free and risky assets. The paper discusses the pricing process of a contingent claim, the pricing equation and the risk-neutral valuation under the Martingale representation property. A partial differential equation with an unknown price function is formulated. The solution of this PDE gives a unique pricing formula.
Towards a Multimodal Silent Speech Interface for European Portuguese

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in the presence of environmental noise is still a hard problem to tackle in speech science (Ng et al., 2000). Another problem well described in the literature is the one concerned with elderly speech production. Studies (Helfrich, 1979) have shown evidence of a slower speech rate, more breaks, more speech errors and a humbled volume of speech, when comparing elderly with teenagers or adults speech, on an acoustic level. This fact makes elderly speech hard to recognize, using currently available stochastic based ASR technology. To tackle these two problems in the context of ASR for HumanComputer Interaction, a novel Silent Speech Interface (SSI) in European Portuguese (EP) is envisioned. A SSI performs ASR in the absence of an intelligible acoustic signal and can be used as a human-computer interface (HCI) modality in high-background-noise environments such as, living rooms, or in aiding speech-impaired individuals such as elderly persons (Denby et al., 2010). By acquiring sensor data from elements of the human speech production process – from glottal and articulators activity, their neural pathways or the brain itself – an SSI produces an alternative digital representation of speech, which can be recognized and interpreted as data, synthesized directly or routed into a communications network. The aim of this work, is to identify possible multimodal solutions that address the issues raised by adapting existing work on SSIs to a new language. For that motive, a brief state-ofthe-art review including current SSI techniques, along with the EP language characteristics that have implications in the capabilities of the different techniques, is provided. The work here presented, describes an initial effort in developing a SSI HCI modality which targets all users (universal HCI) including elderly, for EP. This SSI will then be used as a HCI modality to interact with computing systems and smartphones, respectively, in indoor home scenarios and mobility environments. This paper focuses on the approaches of Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) and Acoustic Doppler Sensors (ADS) for speech recognition, evaluating novel methodologies in order to cope with EP language characteristics. The work here presented describes the initial stage of a novel approach to VSR based on feature tracking using the FIRST algorithm for information extraction. FIRST stands for Feature
Effects of genotype on hematological and serum biochemical responses of turkey hens to stress

Abstract. Stress accompanying animal production is both an indicator of welfare and a factor that affects economic parameters. Dynamic development of alternative poultry production systems such as outdoor, free range or ecological, strives to achieve best-quality products and to improve the living conditions of birds. Apart from the type and intensity of the external stimuli, the response to stress is determined genetically. Poultry rearing in the aforementioned systems requires selecting the appropriate genotype of birds, often including crosses of fast-growing and slow-growing lines. The objective of this study was to demonstrate differences in the physiological response to stress of fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) turkeys and their crosses: SF (SG × FG) and FS (FG × SG), based on hematological and biochemical blood analyses. Blood was sampled from 30 turkey hens from each of four genotypes, aged 14 weeks, subjected to standard pre-slaughter handling procedures. Compared to FG and FS turkeys, the SG and SF birds had a high total protein concentration, a higher heterophil (H) ∕ lymphocyte (L) ratio and a higher concentration of cortisol. In turn, the FG turkeys had the highest activity of enzymes: alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase. Conversely, the FS turkeys had the highest concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDLC) and the lowest concentration of cortisol. Significant positive effects of crossing were reported for total protein, cholinesterase and cortisol. Effects of crossbreeding on the percentage of H, concentrations of total cholesterol, and LDLC and activity of aspartate transaminase in blood of the crosses were significant but negative and more dependent on the sire line. Except for albumins, whose concentration in blood of crosses was higher compared to birds of pure lines, there were no advantages of heterosis. Negative heterosis was estimated for creatinine, the enzymes alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, and for cortisol. The most similar regarding creatinine, bilirubin, albumins, total protein, H, L and H ∕ L were the FS and SF groups. The greatest differences were in the following parameters: triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDLC), LDLC, glucose and lactate, which occurred between the pure lines of turkeys. Study results demonstrate various responses to stress in the analyzed groups of turkeys, with the level of stress measured with hematological and biological blood markers being mostly determined by additive genetic variation, and to a lesser extent by the maternal and sire effects.
A Control Topology to Enhance Performance of Weak Grid under Different Power Levels

The main objective of this paper is to provide a new control topology for improving the performance of weak grid by damping power and frequency oscillations. To attenuate power and frequency oscillations, a linear controller is used based on droop characteristics. The controller has cascaded angle, frequency and power loops for frequency and angle regulation. The controller provides new control technique for VSC to damp power and frequency oscillations by automatically synchronizing the VSC to grid. The linear controller can also be suitable for both islanded and grid connected operation without reconfiguration. The controller offers stable and smooth operation. Also analysis of system performance at low and high-power references, transition to islanding, selfsynchronization were carried out.
The relationship between peer victimization and post-traumatic stress symptomatology in a rural sample

Peer victimization (PV) has been associated with a number of negative psychological sequelae. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between PV and the symptomatology of post-traumatic stress disorder, and no studies to date have examined this relationship in a rural sample. Adapted versions of the SEQ-SR and the TSCC were used to assess the relationship between PV and post-traumatic stress symptomatology in a sample of 244 rural youths (ages 10–14) in two school districts in a south-central area of the United States. In addition to a positive relationship between PV and post-traumatic stress symptomatology, the results indicated relatively high rates of adult presence and peer bystanding during PV experiences. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Survey Paper on Filter Unwanted Messages from Walls and Blocking Non-legitimate Users in OSN

In recent years, Online Social Networks (OSNs) have become an vital part of daily life. Users build specific networks to represent their social relationships. Users can upload and share information associated to their personal lives. The privacy risks of such behavior are often ignored. And the basic issue in today On-line Social Networks is to give users the ability to control the messages posted on their own private space to avoid that unwanted content is displayed. Today OSNs provide very little or no support to prevent unwanted messages on user walls. For that purpose, we proposed a new system allowing OSN users to have a direct control on the messages posted on their walls. This is achieved through a flexible rule-based system, that permits users to customize the filtering criteria to be applied to their walls, and a Machine Learning (ML) based soft classifier automatically labeling messages in support of content-based filtering. The system utilizes a ML soft classifier to enforce customizable content-dependent Filtering Rules. And the flexibility of the system in terms of filtering options is enhanced through the management of Blacklists. The proposed system gives security to the On-line Social Networks. Communication technology and information plays a vital role in today's networked society. It has affected the online interaction between users, who are aware of security applications and their implications on personal privacy. There is a requirement to develop a lot of security mechanisms for various communication technologies, significantly online social networks. OSNs provide very little or no support to prevent unwanted messages on user walls. With the lack of classification or filtering tools, the user receives all messages posted by the users he follows. In most cases, the user receive a noisy stream of updates. In OSNs, information filtering can even be used for a various, more distinct, purpose. This is due to the fact that in OSNs there is the possibility of posting or commenting other posts on particular public/private areas, known as general walls. In the proposed system Information filtering can therefore be used to give users the ability to automatically control the messages written on their own walls, by filtering out unwanted messages. The aim of the present work is therefore to propose and experimentally evaluate an automated system, called Filtered Wall (FW), able to filter unwanted messages from OSN user walls. We tend to exploit Machine Learning (ML) text categorization techniques (2) to automatically assign with every short text message a set of categories based on its content. The major efforts in building a robust short text classifier are focused in the extraction and selection of a group of characterizing and discriminate features. 2. Literature Review
TELEMETRY DESIGN FOR A BOBSLED ANALYSER

This paper was prepared as part of the team design competition for a graduate level course given at the University of Canterbury, in Christchurch, New Zealand. It presents a high level design of a bobsled data acquisition system which is intended to aid athletes and coaches in achieving the maximum benefit from their time at the bobsled track. The system will measure every applicable aspect of the bobsled’s performance down the track, and provide real time and near real time feedback for the athletes and the coach. This system implements an inertial navigation and position system, monitors wind speed, measures the drivers steering input and effort, measures individual pushing effort in the critical start stage of the run, and provides cue signals to the runners when to mount the sled. A robust packet format and error correction in conjunction with a EROM backup system ensure data integrity. The data is transmitted utilising a GMSK signalling scheme, operating at a frequency of 400MHz. A space conserving patch antenna is mounted on the bobsled and a leaky wave antenna placed alongside the track for the transmission system. A link budget and the error performance of the transmission system are analysed. A graphical front end at the coach’s base station provides real time data display and analysis.
Innate Immune Responses in HIV-Infection

The immune system comprises complex cellular and humoral systems, which are forming an interactive network to recognize and eradicate invading pathogens. Foreign molecules present on viruses, bacteria and parasites, but not on host cells, are discriminated from self through pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Upon entry of the pathogen into the body immediate non-specific immune responses are triggered and within a short time the innate immune system is completely activated. The innate immune system is composed of multiple humoral and cellular players, including cytokines, complement proteins, acute-phase proteins, dendritic cells, macrophages, NK cells, that co-operate in a complex to generate an efficient defense against infection (Figure 1). At best, these immediate innate immune responses are able to clear infection or bridge the period until the adaptive, specific immune response is taking effect.
Simultaneous measurement of RBC velocity, flux, hematocrit and shear rate in vascular networks in vivo

Blood flow directly affects nutrient and oxygen as well drug delivery in tumors. The distribution of blood within tumor is disturbed by structural and functional abnormalities, and may be further altered by therapy. In turn, this results in heterogeneous distribution of drugs and/or oxygen, with direct effects on the efficacy of cytotoxic therapies. These heterogeneities are poorly understood because of the inability of current techniques to characterize the function of individual vessels and their local network. To address this problem, we have developed a novel methodology for simultaneously quantifying blood flow (velocity, flux, hematocrit and shear rate) in extended networks at the single capillary level. Our approach relies on deconvolution of signals produced by labeled red blood cells as they move relative to the scanning laser of a confocal or multiphoton microscope, and provides fully‐resolved three‐dimensional flow profiles within vessel networks. Using this methodology, we show that blood velocity profiles are perturbed and asymmetrical near intussusceptive tissue structures in tumors. Furthermore, we show that subpopulations of vessels, classified by functional parameters, exist in different tissue regions, and that Angiopeitin‐1 can improve tumor perfusion by inducing arteriogenesis.
Phenotypic evolution in high‐elevation populations of western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Adaptive divergence in response to variable habitats, climates, and altitude is often accentuated along elevation gradients. We investigate phenotypic evolution in body size and coloration in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis Baird & Girard, 1852) across elevation gradients in Yosemite National Park, California, situated in the Sierra Nevada mountains of Western North America. High-elevation populations occurring above 2100 m a.s. l. are recognized as a separate subspecies (Sceloporus occidentalis taylori Camp, 1916), with a distinctive phenotype characterized by a large body size and extensive blue ventral pigmentation. We sampled S. occidentalis from across elevation gradients in Yosemite National Park, California, and collected phenotypic data (body size and ventral coloration measurements; 410 specimens) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data (complete NADH1 gene; 969 bp, 181 specimens) to infer phylogenetic relationships, and examine the genetic and phenotypic diversity among populations. Populations of S. occidentalis in Yosemite National Park follow Bergmann's rule and exhibit larger body sizes in colder, high-elevation environments. The high-elevation subspecies S. o. taylori is not monophyletic, and the mitochondrial DNA genealogy supports a model of convergent phenotypic evolution among high-elevation populations belonging to different river drainages. The hypothesis that separate populations of S. occidentalis expanded up river drainages after the recession of glaciers is supported by population demographic analyses, and suggest that Bergmann's clines can evolve rapidly along elevation gradients. The distinctive high-elevation phenotype that is attributable to S. o. taylori has evolved independently several times, and includes adaptive phenotypic changes associated with increases in body size and ventral coloration. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 630–641.