Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcranial Electrical Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring During Surgery for Spinal Deformity: A Study of 145 Patients

Study Design. A descriptive historic cohort study was conducted. Objectives. To determine intraoperative response amplitude criteria for transcranial electrical motor-evoked potential monitoring that warn of neurologic damage, and to determine the additional value of monitoring six instead of two muscle sites. Summary of Background Data. Transcranial electrical motor-evoked potential monitoring provides immediate and reliable information about the integrity of the motor pathways during spine surgery. Although this monitoring technique is more frequently used, criteria for interpretation of the amplitude responses have not been defined. Methods. The intraoperative monitoring outcomes were compared with the patient’s clinical outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined for four different monitoring criteria. Results. Transcranial electrical motor-evoked potential monitoring was possible 142 of 145 patients undergoing corrective surgery. In this study, 16 patients had a neurologic event, and 11 patients showed recovery of response amplitude after a second surgical maneuver, whereas the remaining 5 patients had permanent partial neurologic damage. The criterion that at least one of six recordings must show an amplitude decrease of more than 80% was sufficiently strict to achieve a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.91. Less strict criteria, including recording at two instead of six sites, resulted in lower sensitivity, with the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval at 0.62. Conclusions. Transcranial electrical motor-evoked potential monitoring allowed successful intraoperative monitoring. The criterion of one recording showing a response amplitude decrease of more than 80% during a surgical action can be considered a valuable warning criterion for neurologic damage. The authors also consider that monitoring at six instead of two muscles improves the value of neuromonitoring.
Consistency of Risk Reporting in Financial Services Firms

While there have been substantial developments in financial reporting over many years, the reporting of risk in statutory reports is still very much in its infancy. This comes at no surprise given risk is multidimensional and can be measured in many ways. In the financial services sector (FSS), where risk-taking is the fundamental business, the industry standard for risk disclosure is "Value at Risk" (VaR). This applies to a small proportion of FSS risk - this being market risk in trading activities. Although operational risk has been at the core of the collapse of a number of financial services firms over recent years, there are no formal accounting standard for operational risk. Further, the Basel Committee's requirements on operational risk disclosures (Pillar 3) are qualitative. This paper examines the nature of current operational risk disclosures by international banks, the consistency of disclosures, and their usefulness. The information is taken from the 2004 and 2005 annual reports of fifty-seven financial institutions. We find that the quantity and quality of operational risk disclosures vary significantly across institutions. The disclosures are predominantly descriptive and of qualitative nature - in order to be useful banks need to supplement their current disclosures with quantitative information. Due to the lack of consistency and the vagueness of disclosures it is not possible for external parties at this to compare the operational risk levels of banks.
Pyogenic granuloma associated with periodontal abscess and bone loss - A rare case report

A diverse group of the pathologic process can produce the enlargement of soft tissues in the oral cavity and often present a diagnostic challenge. This soft tissue enlargement may represent a variation of the normal anatomic structure, inflammatory reaction, cyst, neoplasm, and developmental anomalies. A group of reactive hyperplasias, which develop in response to chronic recurring tissue injury that stimulates an excessive tissue repair response. The pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a reactive enlargement that is an inflammatory response to local irritation such as calculus, a fractured tooth, rough dental restoration, and foreign materials or hormonal (pregnancy tumor) and rarely associated with bone loss. This paper presents a rare case of PG associated with periodontal abscess and bone loss in a 30-year-old male.
Collaborative Methods for Business Process Discovery

Information flows across the organization are complex and procedures employed to understand, share and control organizational knowledge and experiences should be properly supported by collaborative environments. Nevertheless, few collaborative methodologies had been proposed to describe and evolve business processes. Existing tools don't provide the right methods for business processes discovery, modelling, monitoring and improvement. In the future, business processes models should be the result of cross-team and crossdepartmental collaboration, with involved business people sharing their personal knowledge and formalizing it. This discussion paper focuses on collaborative process discovery methods, tools and the importance to integrate local information into coherent and sound process definitions. Business Alignment Methodology is a methodology that provides guidance about how organizational practices and knowledge are gathered to contribute for business process improvement against current Business Process Modelling approaches.
Corporate Social Capital and Firm Performance: in the Global Information Technology Services Sector

The confluence of a number of marketplace phenomena has provided the impetus for the selection and conduct of this research. The first is the so called value relevance of intangibles in determining share market performance of publicly listed companies. The growing gap between market and book values has been proposed as an indication of the impact of intangibles on share price values. A second related phenomenon is the increasing reliance on share price appreciation as the principal means for shareholder return as opposed to returns through dividends. This suggests that share prices are becoming an even more critical firm performance measure than traditional accounting-based firm performance measures like return on investment (ROI). A third phenomenon is the rapid growth in marketplace alliances and joint ventures, the number of which has grown rapidly over the past 30 years. The explanation for these phenomena may lie in the concept of corporate social capital (CSC) which, as an intangible asset (IA), has been proposed in several normative studies. CSC has been defined as “the set of resources, tangible or virtual, that accrue to a corporate player through the player’s social relationships, facilitating the attainment of goals” (Leenders & Gabbay, 1999, p3). However, constructs for CSC have only been loosely defined and its impacts on firm performance only minimally empirically tested. This research addresses this gap in the literature. explore Through the use of CSC as a lens for viewing a firm’s intangibles, several important sub-components of the CSC formulation are exposed. These include a firm’s market centrality (CENT), absorptive capacity (AC), internal capital (INC), human capital (HC) and financial soundness. Therefore, an extended aim for this research is to identify the differential impacts of the CSC sub-components on firm performance. Firm performance was measured as ROI, market-to-book ratios (Tobin’s Q) and total shareholder return (TSR). Overall, the research provides specific insights into the links between firms and their performance, through appropriate investments in CSC. In terms of research practice, this research demonstrates the viability of computer-supported CA. Progress in the development of more intelligent search technologies will provide increasing utility to CA researchers, promising to unlock a vast range of textual source data for researchers that were previously beyond manual CA practices. and financial performance. Specific measures of return on investment (ROI), Tobin’s Q (TobQ) and total shareholder return (TSR) are used to represent firm performance for the empirical work of this thesis.
Secure and Efficient Extensible Authentication Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network

Wireless Body Area Network is the technology that focused on the field of health-oriented system. In recent years, WBAN technologies has improved and become a part of the modern medical devices. This paper focuses on the technologies used in WBAN, i.e. ACK Scheme, Certificateless Authentication Protocol, Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm, Data Communication protocol which will secure the messages among the patients and Doctors communication. By using Batch ACK Scheme it can improve for secure routing and energy efficient reliable communication in wireless body area network. The certificateless authentication protocol is efficient and lightweight. The protocol allows users to communicate with efficiency and safety mode. Energy efficient clustering algorithm including TEOSCC and ECDH-IBT algorithm obtains good energy efficiency and security, privacy for wireless body area network. The proposed method achieve satisfactory result. Keywords— Wireless Network, secure communication, authentication protocol, remote authentication, ACK.
Changes in the water relations of balsam fir and white birch saplings after thinning.

In the autumn of 1987, young balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. ) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) trees were thinned and their water relations followed during the next two growing seasons. At the beginning of the first summer following treatment, thinned trees of both species had lower osmotic potentials at full saturation (Psi(pi,sat)) and at turgor loss point (Psi(pi,tlp)) compared with controls. At this time, Psi(pi,sat) was linearly related to the percentage of full sunlight reaching the trees. A higher sugar concentration in leaves was an important component of the lower Psi(pi,sat) of thinned trees. For the other two sampling dates during the first growing season after treatment and all three sampling dates during the second growing season after treatment, little osmotic adjustment of the thinned trees relative to the control tress was observed in either species. The absence of osmotic adjustment during the second growing season following thinning suggests that other mechanisms were responsible for the acclimation of the treated trees to the higher atmospheric evaporative demand. Sapwood permeability (k) of white birch was higher than that of balsam fir, but no differences in k or in sapwood area were found between treated and control trees of either species. Predawn water potentials (Psi(pred)) of treated trees were less negative than those of controls.
FDG PET and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia

SummaryPositron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) demonstrates a typical pattern of impairment of regional metabolic rates of glucose (rCMRGlu) in most patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD): reduction of rCMRGlu in temporo-parietal association cortex, more variably also in prefontal cortex, but relative preservation of primary visual and sensorimotor cortex, striatum, and cerebellum. Apart from early stages, both hemispheres are affected, but pronounced asymmetries may be present. With the exception of Parkinson's disease with dementia, the complete pattern is rarely seen in other dementing conditions, which usually lead to more global, frontal or multifocal metabolic impairment. Severity of dementia is mainly correlated with temporo-parietal rCMRGlu reduction, probably irrespective of the cause of dementia, and the neuropsychological profile is related to the asymmetry of metabolic alterations. Procedures are available for assessment of the typical pattern that yield comparable results in different laboratories, and have a high accuracy for discrimination between normals and probable AD. Diagnostic accuracy is better for presenile than for senile dementia of Alzheimer type, and for moderate to severe cases than for mild dementia. A definitive judgement of the diagnostic value of FDG PET in AD is hindered by the lack of sufficient data with diagnosis confirmed at autopsy.
Indigenous Well-Being and Development: Connections to Large-Scale Mining and Tourism in the Pacific

Abstract:This article examines examples of indigenous conceptions of well-being and locally meaningful forms of community development in the Pacific and considers how these coincide, or collide, with development driven by the private sector. The focus is on indigenous communities who live in the vicinity of large multinational corporations, using case studies from Papua New Guinea and Fiji. We investigate how communities' perceptions of well-being intersect with the concept of development as it emanates from the private sector. In order to do this, we explore how communities perceive well-being, what materializes as being significant to its achievement, and what this means in the presence of international capital. Ultimately the purpose of investigating these concepts is to establish a point of reference for considering the effectiveness and value of corporate community development intervention from a community perspective.
Prognostic Relevance of Aberrant DNA Methylation in G1 and G2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Background/Aims: The occurrence and clinical relevance of DNA hypermethylation and global hypomethylation in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) are still unknown. We evaluated the frequency of both epigenetic alterations in PanNETs to assess the relationship between methylation profiles and chromosomal instability, tumour phenotypes and prognosis. Methods: In a well-characterized series of 56 sporadic G1 and G2 PanNETs, methylation-sensitive multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed to assess hypermethylayion of 33 genes and copy number alterations (CNAs) of 53 chromosomal regions. Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation was quantified by pyrosequencing. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering allowed to identify a subset of 22 PanNETs (39%) exhibiting high frequency of gene-specific methylation and low CNA percentages. This tumour cluster was significantly associated with stage IV (p = 0.04) and with poor prognosis in univariable analysis (p = 0.004). LINE-1 methylation levels in PanNETs were significantly lower than in normal samples (p < 0.01) and were approximately normally distributed. 12 tumours (21%) were highly hypomethylated, showing variable levels of CNA. Interestingly, only 5 PanNETs (9%) were observed to show simultaneously LINE-1 hypomethylation and high frequency of gene-specific methylation. LINE-1 hypomethylation was strongly correlated with advanced stage (p = 0.002) and with poor prognosis (p < 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, low LINE-1 methylation status and methylation clusters were the only independent significant predictors of outcome (p = 0.034 and p = 0.029, respectively). Conclusion: The combination of global DNA hypomethylation and gene hypermethylation analyses may be useful to define distinct subsets of PanNETs. Both alterations are common in PanNETs and could be directly correlated with tumour progression.
Resistance to change in public sector mergers

In the private as well as the public sectors, mergers are common events. Yet, research on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is based primarily on studies from the private sector, and it is assumed that conclusions from this context are valid for any context. In this article, the characteristics of resistance in public sector mergers is explored. Resistance is a central aspect in the M&A literature, as well as in the broader literature on organizational change. Observations from two case studies of mergers in the central public administration in Sweden – the Swedish National Audit Office and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency – are reported. Five propositions are established. For instance, it is suggested that vertical resistance tends to become more extensive in public mergers than in mergers in the private sector. This vertical resistance occurs between management and employees. It can be explained partly by different standpoints as concerns the employee’s right to influence managerial decisions. This is an argument that can be legitimized by the employee by referring to whistle-blowing ethics and the role as a guardian of democracy. (Less)
Hubungan Manajemen Laba Sebelum IPO Dan Return Saham Dengan Kecerdasan Investor Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi Association of Earnings Management Before IPO and Stock's Returns with Investors Sophistication as Moderating Variable

The major purpose of this study is to investigate association between earnings management before Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and stock’s returns with investors sophistication as a moderating variable. Institutional ownership is used to proxy investors sophistication. The JSX’s IPO companies from 1990 to 2002 were used as samples. The first sample was 75 companies which institutional ownership ≥ 40% and the second was 63 companies that institutional ownership ≥ 60%. Instrumental Variable Approach (Kang and Sivaramakrishnan, 1995) was used to detect earnings management. This study provides an evidence that issuers report unusually high earnings management around IPO (two years before and five years after IPO). Issuers used mean reversing strategy in two years before IPO period (income decreasing) for preparing earnings management in the next period (income increasing). Furthermore, this study documented a negative association between earnings management and stock’s returns with investors sophistication as moderating variable. One interpretation of this finding is that high earnings management has substantial stock’s returns consequences when investors sophistication factor was taken into account. This finding is consistent with the prior research developed by Balsam et al., 2002. Key words: IPO, Earnings Management, Instrumental Variable Approach, Stock’s Returns, Investors Sophistication.
The Effects of Perfusing the Perilymphatic Space with Artificial Endolymph

It has been postulated that, in Meniere's disease, ruptures of the membranous labyrinth occur in association with acute vertiginous episodes.3•5 •6 From examination of histopathologic sections's! and chemical analysis," it is evident that the endolymphatic space is larger than normal while the perilymphatic space is smaller. If we assume that ruptures of the membranous labyrinth occur in Meniere's disease, what might the biochemical and physiologic effects be when perilymphatic fluid is suddenly mixed with endolymph? To investigate this question artificial endolymph was introduced into the perilymphatic space in a series of animal experiments. The effects on vestibular function and changes in sodium and potassium ion concentrations of the inner car fluids were studied.
Margin Trading Bans in Experimental Asset Markets

In financial markets, professional traders leverage their trades because it allows to trade larger positions with less margin. Violating margin requirements, however, triggers a margin call and open positions are automatically covered until requirements are met again. What impact does margin trading have on the price process and on liquidity in financial asset markets? Since empirical evidence is mixed, we consider this question using experimental asset markets. Starting from an empirically relevant situation where margin purchasing and short selling is permitted, we ban margin purchases and/or short sales using a 2x2 factorial design to a allow for a comparative static analysis. Our results indicate that a ban on margin purchases fosters efficient pricing by narrowing price deviations from fundamental value accompanied with lower volatility and a smaller bid-ask-spread. A ban on short sales, however, tends to distort efficient pricing by widening price deviations accompanied with higher volatility and a large spread.
ATRIP Oligomerization Is Required for ATR-dependent Checkpoint Signaling*

The ATM and ATR kinases signal cell cycle checkpoint responses to DNA damage. Inactive ATM is an oligomer that is disrupted to form active monomers in response to ionizing radiation. We examined whether ATR is activated by a similar mechanism. We found that the ATRIP subunit of the ATR kinase and ATR itself exist as homooligomers in cells. We did not detect regulation of ATR or ATRIP oligomerization after DNA damage. The predicted coiled-coil domain of ATRIP is essential for ATRIP oligomerization, stable ATR binding, and accumulation of ATRIP at DNA lesions. Additionally, the ATRIP coiled-coil is also required for ATRIP to support ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling to Chk1. Replacing the ATRIP coiled-coil domain with a heterologous dimerization domain restored stable binding to ATR and localization to damage-induced intranuclear foci. Thus, the ATR-ATRIP complex exists in higher order oligomeric states within cells and ATRIP oligomerization is essential for its function.
cdc2 family kinases phosphorylate a human cell DNA replication factor, RPA, and activate DNA replication.

RPA is a single‐stranded DNA binding protein complex purified from human cells and is essential for the initiation and elongation stages of SV40 DNA replication in vitro. In both human and yeast cells, the 34 kDa polypeptide subunit of RPA is phosphorylated in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and not in G1. One of the major RPA kinases present in extracts of human cells was purified and shown to be the cyclin B‐cdc2 complex. This purified kinase, and a closely related cyclin A associated cdc2‐like kinase, phosphorylated RPA p34 on a subset of the chymotryptic peptides that were phosphorylated in vivo at the G1‐S transition. Two serines near the N‐terminus of RPA p34 were identified as possible sites of phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase. These same serines were necessary for RPA phosphorylation in vivo. The purified cdc2 kinase stimulated SV40 DNA replication in vitro when added to G1 cell extracts. The kinase also stimulated unwinding at the origin of replication, one of the earliest steps in DNA replication requiring RPA, but only in the presence of an additional factor present in G1 cell extracts. Thus, one or more members of the cyclin‐cdc2 kinase family may be required for the initiation and maintenance of S phase, in part due to their ability to phosphorylate and activate a cellular DNA replication factor, RPA.
NETCONF Configuration Protocol

The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) defined in this document provides mechanisms to install, manipulate, and delete the configuration of network devices. It uses an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based data encoding for the configuration data as well as the protocol messages. The NETCONF protocol operations are realized on top of a simple Remote Procedure Call (RPC) layer. [STANDARDS- TRACK]