Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Losing Ground: How the Loss of Adequate Health Insurance Is Burdening Working Families—Findings from the Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Surveys, 2001–2007

The economic downturn is forcing working families across the United States to make tough financial choices, often involving sacrificing needed health care and health insurance. Using data from four years of the Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Survey, this report examines the status of health insurance for U.S. adults under age 65 and the implications for family finances and access to health care. Insurance coverage deteriorated over the past six years, with declines in coverage most severe for moderate-income families. As result, more families are experiencing medical bill problems or cost-related delays in getting needed care. In 2007, nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults, or an estimated 116 million people, struggled to pay medical bills, went without needed care because of cost, were uninsured for a time, or were underinsured (i.e., were insured but not adequately protected from high medical expenses). Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. This and other Fund publications are available online at www.commonwealthfund. org. To learn more about new publications when they become available, visit the Fund’s Web site and register to receive e-mail alerts. Commonwealth Fund pub. no. 1163. CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables iv About the Authors vi Acknowledgments vi Executive Summary vi
Understanding systematic reviews and their implications for evidence-based practice by examining aerobic exercise as a recreational therapy intervention for individuals with major depressive disorders

This article reviews the need for and the process of conducting a systematic review of the research literature to guide intervention development and implementation in recreation therapy practice. Descriptive information of the process that was undertaken and the outcome that resulted from reviewing the research evidence for the use of aerobic exercise as a treatment for individuals with major depressive diagnosis is provided, along with practice and research recommendations for evidence-based practice that resulted from the systematic review.
Dominance and heterosexual attraction

Four experiments examined the relation between behavioral expressions of dominance and the heterosexual attractiveness of males and females. Predictions concerning the relation between dominance and heterosexual attraction were derived from a consideration of sex role norms and from the comparative biological literature. All four experiments indicated an interaction between dominance and sex of target. Dominance behavior increased the attractiveness of males, but had no effect on the attractiveness of females. The third study indicated that the effect did not depend on the sex of the rater or on the sex of those with whom the dominant target interacted. The fourth study showed that the effect was specific to dominance as an independent variable and did not occur for related constructs (aggressive or domineering). This study also found that manipulated dominance enhanced only a male's sexual attractiveness and not his general Usability. The results were discussed in terms of potential biological and cultural causal mechanisms. Concepts that refer to an individual's relative position in a social hierarchy occupy prominent positions in current models of personality and social behavior (Edelmarv & Omark, 1973; Hogan, 1979,1982;StrayerS his analysis of personality descriptions in different language groups indicates that dominance-submission is a universal lexical feature of human languages. The research reported here concerns the relation between behavioral expressions of dominance and the sexual attractiveness of males and females. Specific relations between dominance and attraction are predicted both by sociobiological theories that emphasize evolutionarily determined behavior tendencies and by scciocultural theories that emphasize socialization practices and sex role expectations.
A tiled array of hybrid pixel detectors for X-ray imaging

A prototype multi-chip hybrid was developed, based on tiling together 8 Medipix2 readout chips onto a single silicon sensor with a sensitive area of 28 /spl times/ 56 mm/sup 2/ for a total of about 0.5 Megapixels. A main difficulty of this approach is in the high density of interconnections needed to read out all the circuits in such a tiled array. The amount of connectivity between the readout circuits is drastically reduced by the use of a high-speed serial protocol, allowing the use of Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) at frequencies above 100 MHz. To mount the multi-chip hybrid we are using a new printed-wire-board technology called multi-layer sequential build-up with staggered micro-vias, which allows to accommodate the 128 wire-bonds per chip on a ten layer printed wire board, with smallest feature size of 60/spl mu/m line width and 100/spl mu/m pitch.
Atomic-level study of TDDB mechanism of Hf-doped SiON gate dielectrics using Cs-corrected STEM and atom probe tomography

A detailed structural analysis of Hf-doped SiON dielectrics was performed by using advanced physical analysis techniques: Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and three-dimensional (3-D) atom-probe (AP) tomography. We confirmed that the distribution and agglomeration of Hf atoms cause a time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in Hf-doped SiON dielectrics gate stacks. We revealed that the behavior of Hf atoms in dielectrics is related to the TDDB lifetime, which depends on Hf concentration and the polarity of electrodes. The TDDB mechanism of Hf-doped SiON dielectrics was successfully revealed in detail, based on physical analysis results.
Role of Individual Disulfide Bonds in the Structural Maturation of a Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit*

Gliadins and glutenins are the major storage proteins that accumulate in wheat endosperm cells during seed development. Although gliadins are mainly monomeric, glutenins consist of very large disulfide-linked polymers made up of high molecular weight and low molecular weight subunits. These polymers are among the largest protein molecules known in nature and are the most important determinants of the viscoelastic properties of gluten. As a first step toward the elucidation of the folding and assembly pathways that lead to glutenin polymer formation, we have exploited an in vitro system composed of wheat germ extract and bean microsomes to examine the role of disulfide bonds in the structural maturation of a low molecular weight glutenin subunit. When conditions allowing the formation of disulfide bonds were established, the in vitrosynthesized low molecular weight glutenin subunit was recovered in monomeric form containing intrachain disulfide bonds. Conversely, synthesis under conditions that did not favor the formation of disulfide bonds led to the production of large aggregates from which the polypeptides could not be rescued by the post-translational generation of a more oxidizing environment. These results indicate that disulfide bond formation is essential for the conformational maturation of the low molecular weight glutenin subunit and suggest that early folding steps may play an important role in this process, allowing the timely pairing of critical cysteine residues. To determine which cysteines were important to maintain the protein in monomeric form, we prepared a set of mutants containing selected cysteine to serine substitutions. Our results show that two conserved cysteine residues form a critical disulfide bond that is essential in preventing the exposure of adhesive domains and the consequent formation of aberrant aggregates.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis After Open Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects – A Serious Threat

Abstract Objective: Neonates with congenital heart disease are at risk to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Especially in the postoperative period after correction of a congenital heart defect this intestinal inflammatory disease can be a potentially life-threatening complication. The purpose of this case series is to define the specific features of NEC in the postoperative situation, with emphasis on diagnostic difficulties. Patients and Methods: Medical records of neonates developing severe NEC in the postoperative period after surgical correction of a congenital heart defect from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed and compared. Results: 7 neonates with NEC after surgical correction of a congenital heart defect were identified. In all 7 patients typical radiologic findings of NEC were missing. Diagnosis was late in all 7 cases; 5 patients already had intestinal perforation. In 3 patients NEC successfully managed before surgical correction of the congenital heart defect dramatically relapsed in the postoperative period. 2 patients showed intestinal mucormycosis, an entity not clearly differentiated from NEC. Due to progressed disease at diagnosis all patients required extensive surgical procedures; 2 of them subsequently died. Conclusion: In the postoperative situation after surgical correction of a congenital heart defect diagnosis of NEC might be challenging. The general condition of these children complicates clinical examination and characteristic radiologic signs are absent. Late diagnosis and exclusive pathogens cause high morbidity and mortality.
More Extensive Nodal Dissection Improves Survival for Stages I to III of Colon Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Objective:To determine whether analyzing more lymph nodes in colon cancer specimens improves survival. Summary Background Data:Increasing the number of lymph nodes analyzed has been reported to correlate with improved survival in patients with node-negative colon cancer. Methods:The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for all patients undergoing resection for histologically confirmed colon cancer between the years 1988 and 2000. Patients were excluded for distant metastases or if an unknown number of nodes was sampled. The number of nodes sampled was categorized into 0, 1 to 7, 8 to 14, and ≥15 nodes. Survival curves constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method were compared using log rank testing. A Cox proportional hazard model was created to adjust for year of diagnosis, age, race, gender, tumor grade, tumor size, TNM stage, and percent of nodes positive for tumor. Results:The median number of lymph nodes sampled for all 82,896 patients was 9. For all stages examined, increasing nodal sampling was associated with improved survival. Multivariate regression demonstrated that patients who had at least 15 nodes sampled as compared with 1 to 7 nodes experienced a 20.6% reduction in mortality independent of other patient and tumor characteristics. Conclusions:Adequate lymphadenectomy, as measured by analysis of at least 15 lymph nodes, correlates with improved survival, independent of stage, patient demographics, and tumor characteristics. Currently, most procedures do not meet this guideline. Future trials of adjuvant therapy should include extent of lymphadenectomy as a stratification factor.
Aversion conditioning treatment of alcoholism.

A pilot study of a single trial aversion conditioning to alcoholism using succinylcholine was carried out. The method used and the selection of the subjects followed closely that of the original investigators. We were unable to confirm their results. Our results were no better than we had been achieving in these subjects with no special treatment.
Face Detection and Recognition Methods- A Survey

A human face is central constituent of communal interaction. It is the main basis by that people recognizes every single supplementary and the focus across a conversation. As the skill to recognize every single supplementary is one of human’s core skill, then a usual question to ask is whether a computer might replicate this ability. The need to craft mechanisms that are as human as probable sparks the scrutiny on face recognition. Face credit is one of the countless frank skills that are needed in order to craft a man like machine. For most protection authentication requests whereas nearly each nature or situation needs a key, card, or password for admission can be substituted or more enhanced by face recognition. Employing face credit will considerably raise the ease of use and implementation as well as finished elegance of use. If face credit is utilized parallel alongside continuing admission methods, next the protection level might be considerably increased. This paper surveys present Face Detection and Credit Methods.
Mining data with random forests: current options for real‐world applications

Random Forests are fast, flexible, and represent a robust approach to mining high‐dimensional data. They are an extension of classification and regression trees (CART). They perform well even in the presence of a large number of features and a small number of observations. In analogy to CART, random forests can deal with continuous outcome, categorical outcome, and time‐to‐event outcome with censoring. The tree‐building process of random forests implicitly allows for interaction between features and high correlation between features. Approaches are available to measuring variable importance and reducing the number of features. Although random forests perform well in many applications, their theoretical properties are not fully understood. Recently, several articles have provided a better understanding of random forests, and we summarize these findings. We survey different versions of random forests, including random forests for classification, random forests for probability estimation, and random forests for estimating survival data. We discuss the consequences of (1) no selection, (2) random selection, and (3) a combination of deterministic and random selection of features for random forests. Finally, we review a backward elimination and a forward procedure, the determination of trees representing a forest, and the identification of important variables in a random forest. Finally, we provide a brief overview of different areas of application of random forests. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2014, 4:55–63. doi: 10.1002/widm.1114
Interest-Based Internet Advertising and Privacy Concerns : How to Increase the Acceptance of a Rising Marketing Phenomenon

As marketing expenditures in the Internet rush, effectiveness and efficiency become increasingly relevant. Particularly online-firms offering free content need to provide powerful marketing tools to advertisers to support their own business model. Behavioral targeting enables websites to selectively display advertisements to consumers according to their surfing profiles, making advertisements more relevant, thereby increasing advertising revenues from websites. However, targeting can cause privacy concerns and negative consumer reactions. Furthermore, there is increasing regulatory pressure for websites to inform surfers about targeting practices and provide them with opt-out functions. Proactively addressing those challenges is highly important for advertising-supported websites. Building on privacy related fairness norms, the authors develop mechanisms to increase consumers’ acceptance of targeted advertising. In a laboratory and a large-scale field experiment, they find that under certain conditions, surfers are motivated by reciprocity. When reminded that targeted online advertisements help fund free content, consumers are not only more willing to provide information but also perceive targeted advertisements as less intrusive. To further address privacy concerns, websites should allow consumers to access and edit their information.
Interobserver discrepancy in liver fibrosis using transient elastography

Summary. Transient elastography is a useful method to assess liver fibrosis, but uncertainties still exist regarding reliability and reproducibility of the technique. We aimed to improve knowledge on interobserver variability with the procedure and tried to find factors associated with such variability. This was a cross‐sectional study to compare the results of transient elastography performed by two different operators, one test made just after the other. We assessed both results with correlation tests and with repeated parametric or nonparametric tests, as needed. We also carried out a multivariate analysis to find factors associated with discrepancy in the results obtained by the two operators. We included a total of 333 pairs of transient elastography tests, belonging to 274 different patients. A total of 325 pairs of tests (97.6%) were valid. Results of the first and the second tests were, respectively, median (and interquartile range) of direct measurement 6.2 (4.6–10.6) and 6.0 (4.4–10.1) kPa (P = 0.012), and mean ± standard deviation of log10 of direct measurement 0.892 ± 0.316 and 0.871 ± 0.324 (P = 0.001). In 87 pairs of tests (26.7%), a discrepancy of at least 2 kPa between both results was found, and in 15 pairs of tests (4.6%), a discrepancy of at least 10 kPa was found. Discordance of at least one stage between both measurements was noted in 74 pairs of tests (22.8%). An association was found between higher stiffness and discrepancy between both operators (P < 0.001). Although transient elastography is a very convenient test to assess liver fibrosis in clinical practice, interobserver discrepancy in results is common and represents a significant problem with the technique. Discrepant results are more common in patients with higher values of stiffness.
Employee Perceptions of Outsourcing of Information Technology Operations: An Empirical Investigation

Little research exists that address employee perceptions of information technology (IT) outsourcing, and its effects on IT employees. This chapter examines a study that investigated perceptions of employees directly involved in IT outsourcing and correlated these perceptions with factors identified in earlier studies. The following human resource factors associated with outsourcing were evaluated: job security, benefits and compensation, morale, productivity, training and skills, and career opportunities. The study evaluated four hypotheses that contended transitioned employees benefited more from IT outsourcing. Results 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.irm-press.com IRM PRESS This chapter appears in the book, Issues of Human Computer Interaction edited by Anabela Sarmento. Copyright © 2005, IRM Press, an imprint of Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Employee Perceptions of Outsourcing of Information Technology Operations 153 Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. substantiated those of two previous studies of employee perception of IT outsourcing. However, there was no statistical evidence to support the contention that transitioned professionals benefit more from outsourcing than retained professionals. To assist management with addressing these issues, a Modified Management Outsourcing Adoption Model, based on an earlier study, is presented as a tool for use in management action plans to incorporate employee perspectives into the outsourcing process and potentially lead to more successful outsourcing ventures.
Contribution of Investors in Stock Exchange Development in Tanzania: A Case of Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange

This study aimed to assess the contribution of investors to stock market development in Tanzania using DSE as a case study. Specifically, the study aimed to analyze the growth of the market value of equity share listed in Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange by the investors, to analyse the increase of market value of equity share traded in Dar es salaam stock Exchange, to identify and examine efforts being made by stock exchanges to attract participation in the market place and to analyze the extent to which DSE has been successful in achieving its objectives. The methodology used to conduct this study was case study research method and used both primary and secondary data. The study found that equity share was growing year after year at DSE as market value of shares listed have been growing at the annual average rate of 52.3% for the last eight years (2007-2014). Compared to the Nairobi and Uganda Stock exchanges, DSE was found to have the highest percentage change of market value of share listed followed by Uganda Stock Exchange (USE). In terms of market value to equity share traded, the value at DSE has been increasing at the annual average rate of 12.6% for the last eight years. Likewise, DSE was ahead of Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) and Uganda Stock Exchange (USE) in terms of percentage change of market value of equity share traded. The study noted that DSE was effective in attracting investors. According to the calculation made, it was interpreted that DSE has made big efforts in attracting investors. Lastly, it was recommended that DSE should make more efforts to attract more investors since it was found that stock exchange performance depended much on the value of equity share traded.
A commutative Encryption and Watermarking (CEW) scheme for JPEG2000 compression standard

Commutative Encryption and Watermarking (CEW) combines encryption and watermarking to provide a comprehensive security protection for multimedia data. On the other hand, the storage and transmission is an important dilemma due to enormous size of multimedia data, therefore an effective solution to both bandwidth and storage problem is the use of data compression. In this paper, we propose a commutative watermarking and encryption (CEW) scheme for jpeg2000 compression standard.The commutative property of the proposed scheme allow to encrypt a watermarked image without interfering with the embedded watermark, or to watermark encrypted image and still allowing a perfect decrypting. The encryption and watermarking are carried out after the quantization step in jpeg2000 compression standard. It is based on decomposed data after quantization into two parts. One part is encrypted and the other is watermarked. The security of the scheme is assured since the encryption and watermarking is implemented in compressed domain. Experimental Results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Tunnel FET based ultra-low-leakage compact 2T1C SRAM

In this paper, an ultra-low-leakage 2T1C compact SRAM is proposed using Tunnel FETs (TFETs). Proposed design utilizes negative differential resistance property of TFETs and capacitor leakage to implement 1T1C latch. Additional 1T read port is added for reading to avoid data stability issues during read operation. Proposed SRAM design is scalable and easily adaptable for lower technology nodes. Ultra-low leakage below 1fA/bit is achieved in the proposed design. Read and write cycle times of sub-2ns and sub-4ns are designed.