Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of radio-isotopes 197 Hg and 198 Au from 198 Hg

Studies on excitation functions of neutron induced reactions are of considerable importance for testing nuclear models as well as for practical applications. Mercury can be a suitable material for spallation neutron source in an accelerator driven system (ADS) if corrosion, due to chemical wetting, gradient mass transfer, and high density heat generation are taken care of. In order to design the target system, estimation of induced activity in the target is important among other factors. In an ADS this radioactivity is induced by neutrons along with that by the primary projectile. An ADS is operated at a few GeV beam energy, but often logistic studies are carried out at much lower energies. Quantitative knowledge of the induced activity at such operating parameters is important for proper planning of the experiments [1]. The aim of the present work is to determine the excitation functions of Hg (n, 2n) Hg and Hg (n, p) Au reactions for 1-50 MeV energy using statistical and pre-equilibrium nuclear reaction model codes. This will help us to determine the total yield and induced activities due to these radio nuclides. The computed excitation functions are compared with and the reported measured data and cross sections from ENDF database [2].
What and How Long Does It Take to Get Tenure? The Case of Economics and Business Administration in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of tenure decisions in Germany, Austria and the German-speaking part of Switzerland for professorships in economics, business administration and related fields. Our dataset comprises candidates who were awarded tenure as well as those who were eligible but were not tenured. We show that business candidates have a higher probability of being tenured than economists. Youth, marital status and publications matter; gender and children do not. The market for first appointments in economics relies much more on publication performance than the market for business administration.
The role of coordinate systems, coordinates and heights in horizontal datum transformations

This paper reviews the fundamental definitions of geodetic and geocentric coordinate systems, whilst clarifying the distinction between coordinates and coordinate systems. It is then argued that the transformation of coordinates from a local geodetic datum to a geocentric datum should first employ a change of the coordinate system using a six- or four-parameter transformation, followed by further modeling of the distortion in the coordinates. It is also argued that the horizontal coordinate transformation should not include height information, since this forms an entirely different coordinate in another coordinate system.
Uma Proposta para o Desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional Integrado ao Ensino de Matemática

The introduction of the fundamentals of Computing in Basic Education has been focus of attention and discussion in recent years. In particular, Computational Thinking (CT) has become popular in the last decade as a methodology capable of developing many of the skills needed to solve problems. Concurrently, the relationship of bidirectional support between PC and Mathematics has been already discussed, in the sense that several of the skills to be developed in the different areas intersect or even complement each other. This work establishes a correlation between the areas and proposes a conceptual model for the proposition of mathematical activities that jointly promote the development of PC skills, focusing on the initial series of Primary Education. Resumo. A introdução dos fundamentos da Computação na Educação Básica tem sido foco de atenção e discussão nos últimos anos. Em particular, o Pensamento Computacional (PC) se popularizou como uma metodologia capaz de desenvolver muitas das habilidades necessárias à resolução de problemas. Também, já se discute a relação de apoio bidirecional entre o PC e a Matemática, no sentido que diversas das habilidades a serem desenvolvidas nas diferentes áreas se interseccionam ou mesmo se complementam. Este trabalho estabelece uma correlação entre as áreas e propõe um modelo conceitual para a proposição de atividades matemáticas que impulsiona o desenvolvimento de habilidades do PC, com foco nas séries iniciais da Educação Fundamental.
Insulin secretion defects of human type 2 diabetic islets are corrected in vitro by a new reactive oxygen species scavenger

Oxidative stress is a putative mechanism leading to beta-cell damage in type 2 diabetes. We studied isolated human pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, matched for age and body mass index. Evidence of increased oxidative stress in diabetic islets was demonstrated by measuring nitrotyrosine concentration and by electron paramagnetic resonance. This was accompanied by reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as compared to non-diabetic islets (Stimulation Index, SI: 0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 2.0±0.4, P < 0.01), and by altered expression of insulin (approximately –60%), catalase (approximately +90%) and glutathione peroxidase (approximately +140%). When type 2 diabetic islets were preexposed for 24 h to the new antioxidant bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)decandioate di-hydrochloride, nitrotyrosine levels, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (SI: 1.6 ± 0.5) and gene expressions improved/normalized. These results support the concept that oxidative stress may play a role in type 2 diabetes beta-cell dysfunction; furthermore, it is proposed that therapy with antioxidants could be an interesting adjunctive pharmacological approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Physiological responses of a small Antarctic diatom (Chaetoceros sp.) to simulated environmental constraints associated with sea-ice formation

The physiological responses of a small unicellular Chaetoceros species, isolated from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, to changes in temperature, salinity and irradiance simulating those that occur during new-ice formation were investigated. The combination of increased salinity, increased quantum irradiance and decreased temperature significantly reduced growth and photosynthetic rates compared to the control, although cellular metabolism was not inhibited. The cells retained the capacity to photoacclimate, which was observed in the variations in cellular chlorophyll a concentrations and carbon allocation patterns. In terms of photosynthesis, a doubling of quantum irradiance apparently compensated for the adverse effects of increased salinity and lowered temperature. It is thus hypothesized that at least some species of the late season phytoplankton population survive incorporation into ice and continue to photosynthesize and grow under the extreme conditions encountered during sea-ice formation. This potentially prolonges the Antarctic vegetation period well into late austral autumn and winter, enhancing the total primary production available for higher trophic levels.
Statistical Tests of Models That Include

Consider a model that proposes that some independent variable (X) is correlated with some dependent variable (Y) not because it exerts some direct effect upon the dependent variable, but because it causes changes in an intervening or mediating variable (M), and then the mediating variable causes changes in the dependent variable. Psychologists tend to refer to the X → M → Y relationship as “mediation. ” Sociologists tend to speak of the “indirect effect” of X on Y through M.
Serious Games for large-scale Argumentation Mining

Communicating a point of view and convincing a conversation partner with a clear, sophisticated line of argument is a generally demanded skill nowadays. Also, balancing pros and cons plays an important role in the daily decision making process. Thus, generally a high importance can be attributed to the theory of argumentation. There is a need for structured, annotated corpora emerging from the still young domain of computer based analysis of argumentative texts and the computer assisted writing. New approaches in the domain of Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligences and Data Mining demand such types of data sets. The characteristics of the required corpus data may demand very distinct requirements, which often implies individually tailored solutions for the use cases. However, since the manual creation of annotated corpora consumes a lot of time and labour resources, the research for novel, alternative approaches is highly appreciated. This thesis proposes a novel approach at the interface of Argumentation Mining and Serious Games to collect a large corpus of structured, high quality arguments by leveraging a game based approach with crowd-sourcing elements. The developed game is an application for browsers and smartphones which motivates the users to both generate and analyze arguments for current hot topics. The proposed game mechanics cultivate the active participation in the creation process, and furthermore have integrated a mutual validation of the generated data by the users themselves to ensure the quality of the resulting corpus. In the sense of didactic games, the proposed game furthermore imparts the foundations of argumentation theory, which provides additional incentive to participate. Finally, to examine particular aspects of the developed concept, a user study has been conducted and its results have been evaluated.
ARE THERE SEED PEDESTALS IN LENTIBULARIACEAE

The term "seed pedestal" was introduced recently to describe a structure of placental origin connecting a seed with the placenta. Seed pedestals are widespread in Scrophulariaceae and a few adjacent families, but have not been found in Lentibulariaceae so far. Here their presence is reported for Utricularia reniformis from Brazil, and their formation during seed development is described. We observed that the formation of this structure was strictly associated with seed development; seed pedestals were not formed under aborted (unfertilized) ovules.
Efficient Automatic Original Entry Point Detection

Malware authors employ sophisticated anti-reverse engineering techniques such as packing, encryption, polymorphism, etc. For a packed file, when launched, the packed executable will reconstruct the code of the original program. The OEP (Original Entry Point) is the address indicating the beginning point of the original code. Previous work or conventional unpacking tools provide a relatively large set of OEP candidates and sometimes OEP is missing among candidates. In this paper, we present an efficient OEP detection scheme for x86 Windows environments. This scheme is designed to find exact one OEP by using three methods. First, we enhanced Isawa et al.’s work by examining branch instructions. Our second method is to track the system parameters relevant to the main function in stack memory to refine OEP candidates. Our third method is that we track the startup function calls to find the installation routine for exception handling. To evaluate feasibility, we implemented our algorithm and then conducted experiments on 16 commercial representative packers and 6 previous unpacking tools/schemes. Experimental results show that even though our scheme produces a single OEP candidate for each packed file, accuracy is the highest (up to 14 times higher than the previous work).
Embryonic and larval development of Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758)

We describe the developmental stages of the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758), larvae from fertilisation through embryonic development and larval growth in the laboratory at 28 ± 1°C. Larvae were anesthetised, fixed, critical-point dried and examined using a scanning electron microscope. We examined embryonic development (fertilisation, polar body, blastomeres, gastrula) and attributes of the larval shell (size, prodissoconch I/II, growth lines, provinculum, shell fracture) and larval velum. The first polar body formed 24 min after fertilisation and fertilised eggs had a mean diameter of 59.9 ± 1.4 μm. The earliest actively swimming trochophore appeared 8–12 h after fertilisation. The D stage was reached approximately 24 h after fertilisation and measured 79.7 ± 2.3 μm in shell length. Ten-day-old larvae had umbones that arose opposite each other above the hinge axis and 22-day-old larvae, with a mean shell length of 230.8 ± 4.9 μm, developed a pigment spot just before entering the pediveliger stage.
Processing Resources in Attention, Dual Task Performance, and Workload Assessment.

Abstract : This report develops the concept of multiple resource theory in dual task performance and describes its relation to the measurement of operator work-load. Structural and capacity theories of attention and time-sharing are contrasted, and the latter are then elaborated to describe the quantitative relation between resources and performance, and the representation of dual task data by the performance operating characteristic within a resource framework. Some deficiencies with a single resource (undifferentiated capacity) model of time-sharing are pointed out, and the multiple resources model is introduced. Data are presented supporting a specific model that defines resources by stages of processing, codes of processing, and modalities of encoding. This report discuss the relation between multiple resources and operator performance strategies, and different measures of operator workload. The different implications of multiple resource theory on primary task, secondary task, and physiological and subjective measures of workload, and the relations between these are considered.
Self-presentation 1

(b) publications of the series: [H1] A. Bednorz, W. Belzig, Formulation of Time-Resolved Counting Statistics Based on a Positive-Operator-Valued Measure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 206803 (2008). [H2] A. Bednorz, W. Belzig, Models of mesoscopic time-resolved current detection, Phys. Rev. B 81, 125112 (2010). [H3] A. Bednorz, W. Belzig, Quasiprobabilistic Interpretation of Weak Measurements in Mesoscopic Junctions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 106803 (2010). [H4] A. Bednorz, W. Belzig, Proposal for a cumulant-based Bell test for mesoscopic junctions, Phys. Rev. B 83, 125304 (2011). [H5] A. Bednorz, W. Belzig, Fourth moments reveal the negativity of the Wigner function, Phys. Rev. A 83, 052113 (2011.) [H6] A. Bednorz, W. Belzig, A. Nitzan, Nonclassical time correlation functions in continuous quantum measurement, New J. Phys. 14, 013009 (2012). [H7] A. Bednorz, K. Franke, W. Belzig, Noninvasiveness and time symmetry of weak measurements, New J. Phys. 15, 023043 (2013).
Microscale electrostatic fractional capacitors using reduced graphene oxide percolated polymer composites

We show that graphene-percolated polymer composites exhibit fractional capacitance response in the frequency range of 50 kHz–2 MHz. In addition, it is shown that by varying the loading of graphene within the matrix from 2.5% to 12%, the phase can be controllably tuned from −67° to −31°, respectively. The electrostatic fractional capacitors proposed herein are easy to fabricate and offer integration capability on electronic printed circuit boards.
Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado)

Abstract The crystal structure and M-site populations of a series of micas-1M from miarolitic pegmatites that formed within host granitic rocks of the Precambrian, anorogenic Pikes Peak batholith, central Colorado, were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Crystals fall in the polylithionitesiderophyllite- annite field, being 0 ≤ Li ≤ 2.82, 0.90 ≤ Fetotal ≤ 5.00, 0.26 ≤ [6]Al ≤ 2.23 apfu. Ordering of trivalent cations (mainly Al3+) is revealed in a cis-octahedral site (M2 or M3), which leads to a lowering of the layer symmetry from C12/m(1) (siderophyllite and annite crystals) to C12(1) diperiodic group (lithian siderophyllite and ferroan polylithionite crystals). On the basis of mean bond length, the ordering scheme of octahedral cations is mostly meso-octahedral, whereas the mean electron count at each M site suggests both meso- and hetero-octahedral ordering, the calculated mean atomic numbers being M1 = M3 ≠ M2, M2 = M3 ≠ M1 and M1 ≠ M2 ≠ M3. As the siderophyllite content increases, so do the a, b, and c unit-cell parameters, as well as the refractive indices, primarily nβ. The tetrahedral rotation angle, α, is generally small (1.51 ≤ α ≤ 5.04°) and roughly increases with polylithionite content, whereas the basal oxygen out-of-plane tilting, Δz, is sensitive both to octahedral composition and degree of order (0.0 ≤ Δz ≤ 0.009 Å for siderophyllite and annite, 0.058 ≤ Δz ≤ 0.144 Å for lithian siderophyllite and ferroan polylithionite crystals).
Coordinating networked uninhabited air vehicles for persistent area denial

This paper explores the problem of cooperative control among multiple networked unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) for persistent area denial (PAD) mission. An adaptive Markov chain model is used to predict the locations of pop-up threats. The mixed information of predicted pop-up threats and actual pop-up targets is utilized to develop cooperative strategies for networked UAVs. The approach is illustrated by use of a simulation test bed for multiple networked UAVs and Monte Carlo simulation runs to evaluate our cooperative strategy. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of using predicted pop-up information in improving the overall PAD mission performance.
Autonomous Acoustic Recording Packages (ARPs) for Long-Term Monitoring of Whale Sounds

Advancements in low-power and high-data capacity computer technology during the past decade have been adapted to autonomously record acoustic data from vocalizing whales over long time periods. Acoustic monitoring of whales has advantages over traditional visual surveys including greater detection ranges, continuous long-term monitoring in remote locations and in various weather conditions, and lower cost. An autonomous acoustic recording package (ARP) is described that uses a tethered hydrophone above a seafloor-mounted instrument frame. ARPs have been deployed to record baleen whale sounds in the Bering Sea, off the coast of southern California, near the West Antarctic Peninsula, and near Hawaii. ARP data have provided new information on the seasonal presence, abundance, call character, and patterns of vocalizing whales. Current development is underway for a broader-band, higher-data capacity system capable of recording odontocete whales, dolphins, and porpoises for long time periods.
GPS observations of fault afterslip and upper crustal deformation following the Northridge earthquake

Global Positioning System (GPS) observations indicate that significant aseismic deformation occurred in the year following the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake. The postseismic observations show the same sense of motion as the coseismic. Compared with the coseismic displacements, the far-field postseismic motions (1–2 fault dimensions away) are proportionally larger than those seen in the near field. The postseismic data are best modeled with two faults: one on the rupture plane and one located in the shallow crust. The upper crustal fault may represent an actual fault or may be indicative of viscous relaxation occurring in the upper crust. The inferred afterslip and/or relaxation moment is approximately 2.9×1018 N m or 22% of the mainshock moment release. We expect that the moment release due to the afterslip and relaxation effectively reduce the earthquake hazard locally. It is not clear from this study how the postseismic deformation loads the surrounding faults or alters the state of stress on those faults.
Equine colic referred to University Veterinary hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia from 2005-2011

Equine colic has been a devastating endemic disease condition confronted by horse owners in Malaysia. However, little attention is paid to the management aspect of these horses and the prevalence of colic. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between colic cases and horse usages, gender, breed, management system of establishments and the status of horses. Data were obtained from the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia particularly from the equine and pathology units from January 2005 to December, 2011. Of the 92 number of horses studied for colic cases referred to the hospital, 40% were both stallions and mares respectively while 20% were geldings. 42% were used for patrolling, 18% for multipurpose, 14% were used for endurance followed by 10% for riding school, while 7% were used for both leisure ride and polo respectively and the least 2% were used for dressage. Three types of colic disease conditions were diagnosed and treated and these include tympanic (66%), spasmodic (23%) and impaction (11%) colic. Thus, these findings could assist veterinarians engrossed in the diagnosis and treatment of the conditions to put in place laudable measures in the prevention of the disease conditions. Keywords: Colic, prevalence, University Veterinary Hospital, 2005 to 2011,
Determination of Maximum Mechanical Energy Efficiency in Energy Galloping Systems

Transverse galloping is a type of aeroelastic instability characterized by large amplitude, low frequency, normal to wind oscillations that appear in some elastic two-dimensional bluff bodies when subjected to a fluid flow, provided that the flow velocity exceeds a threshold critical value. Such an oscillatory motion is explained because of the energy transfer from the flow to the two-dimensional bluff body. The 7 amount of energy that can be extracted depends on the cross section of the galloping prism. Assuming that the Glauert-Den Hartog quasistatic criterion for galloping instability is satisfied in a first approximation, the suitability of a given cross section for energy harvesting is evaluated by analyzing the lateral aerodynamic force coefficient, fitting a function with a power series in tan a (a being the angle of attack) to 10 available experimental data. In this paper, a fairly large number of simple prisms (triangle, ellipse, biconvex, and rhombus cross sections, as well 11 as D-shaped bodies) is analyzed for suitability as energy harvesters. The influence of the fitting process in the energy harvesting efficiency evaluation is also demonstrated. The analysis shows that the more promising bodies are those with isosceles or approximate isosceles cross sections.
Circadian rhythms and new options for novel anticancer therapies

The patterns of activity/sleep, eating/fasting, etc show that our lives are under the control of an internal clock. Cancer is a systemic disease that affects sleep, feeding, and metabo- lism. All these processes are regulated by the circadian clock on the one hand, but on the other hand, they can serve as signals to tighten up the patient's circadian clock by robust daily routine. Usually, anticancer treatments take place in hospitals, where the patient's daily rest/activity pattern is changed. However, it has been shown that oncology patients with a disturbed circadian clock have poorer survival outcomes. The administration of different anticancer therapies can disturb the circadian cycle, but many cases show that circadian rhythms in tumors are deregulated per se. This fact can be used to plan anticancer therapies in such a manner that they will be most effective in antitumor action, but least toxic for the surrounding healthy tissue. Metabolic pro- cesses are highly regulated to prevent waste of energy and to ensure sufficient detoxification; as a consequence, xenobiotic metabolism is under tight circadian control. This gives the rationale for planning the administration of anticancer therapies in a chronomodulated manner. We review some of the potentially useful clinical praxes of anticancer therapies and discuss different pos- sible approaches to be used in drug development and design in the future.