Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The two sides of border disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica): silent persistence and population collapse

Abstract In 2001, border disease virus (BDV) was identified as the cause of a previously unreported disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in Spain. Since then, the disease has caused a dramatic decrease, and in some cases collapse, of chamois populations and has expanded to nearly the entire distribution area in the Pyrenees. Chamois BDV was characterized as BDV-4 genotype and experimental studies confirmed that it was the primary agent of the disease. The infection has become endemic in the Central and Eastern Pyrenees. However, while most Pyrenean chamois populations have been severely affected by the disease, others have not, despite the circulation of BDV in apparently healthy individuals, suggesting the existence of different viral strategies for persisting in the host population. Changes in the interplay of pathogen, host and environmental factors may lead to the formation of different disease patterns. A key factor influencing disease emergence may be pathogen invasiveness through viral mutation. Host factors, such as behavior, immunity at the population level and genetic variability, may also have driven different epidemiological scenarios. Climatic and other ecological factors may have favored secondary infections, such as pneumonia, that under particular circumstances have been major contributing factors in the high mortality observed in some areas.
The Unique Expression and Function of miR-424 in Human Placental Trophoblasts1

ABSTRACT Placental hypoperfusion causes cellular hypoxia and is associated with fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. In response to hypoxia, the repertoire of genes expressed in placental trophoblasts changes, which influences key cellular processes such as differentiation and fusion. Diverse miRNAs were recently found to modulate the cellular response to hypoxia. Here we show that miR-424, which was previously shown to be upregulated by hypoxia in nontrophoblastic cell types, is uniquely downregulated in primary human trophoblasts by hypoxia or chemicals known to hinder cell differentiation. We also identify FGFR1 as a direct target of miR-424 in human trophoblasts. This effect is unique to miR-424 and is not seen with other members of this miRNA family that are expressed in trophoblasts, such as miR-15 and miR-16. Our findings establish a unique role for miR-424 during differentiation of human trophoblasts.
Inventory-Transportation Optimization in Online Shopping Supply Chain Based on Retailer ’ s Decision-Making Power on Pricing

Inventory here refers to the stock held by the retailer. There exists typical “anti-back benefits” phenomenon between stock held and transportation costs in online shopping supply chain, reduction of cost of stock storage lead to rising of transportation cost. Although there are many inventory and transportation studies, there is little literature integrating them together. The term ‘inventory-transportation integrated optimization’ (ITIO) combines the two aspects into one problem. We attempt to find an optimal solution to the joint problem rather than single problem for online shopping supply chain. This not only has theoretical value, but is also of practical significance. Under the condition that the retailer has decision-making powers on pricing, we solve the manufacturer and retailer’s optimal strategy in individual optimizations, and then solve the optimal ITIO strategy of online shopping supply chain. Finally, we compare the optimal strategies of ITIO and individual optimization, then analyze the efficiency and performance of different strategies. The study shows that: the total profits of the ITIO is greater than that of individual optimization, unit cost production, unit transportation costs and unit inventory cost have positive impact on ITIO retail price.
On an extension of the nonlinear feedback loop within a nine-dimensional Lorenz model

In a recent study, a seven-dimensional Lorenz Model (7DLM) was derived based on an extension of the nonlinear feedback loop within the five-dimensional LM (5DLM). An analysis of Lyapunov exponents indicated that the 7DLM requires a much larger critical value for the Rayleigh parameter (rc ∼ 116.9) for the onset of chaos as compared to the rc of 24.74 for the original three-dimensional (3D) LM and the rc of 42.9 for the 5DLM. To assure that the 7DLM is more stable than the 3DLM and 5DLM, analytical solutions of the critical points for the 7DLM were obtained and a linear stability analysis near the critical point solutions was performed using various values of the Rayleigh parameter (40 ≤ r ≤ 195) and the Prandtl number (5 ≤ σ ≤ 25). In derivations of the 7DLM, potential temperature is represented by the primary, secondary, and tertiary modes, while the streamfunction is represented only by the primary mode. I also further derive a nine-dimensional LM (9DLM) by extending the 7DLM with secondary and tertiary modes for the streamfunction. By comparing the 9DLM with the 7DLM, the negative nonlinear feedback associated with the tertiary temperature modes, as first identified in the 7DLM, is determined to play a dominant role in stabilizing solutions, while the secondary and tertiary modes for the streamfunction produce additional heating terms that slightly destabilize solutions. The critical value of the Rayleigh parameter for the 9DLM is determined to be 102.9, smaller than that of the 7DLM but still much larger than those within the 3DLM and 5DLM. Additionally, as indicated by the strong bivariate relationship among primary, secondary, and tertiary temperature modes, hierarchical scale dependence appears in the 9DLM as well as the 7DLM. Therefore, the comparison between the 7DLM and the 9DLM suggests that using the 7DLM is effective for examining the impact of high-wavenumber modes on solutions stability.
Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin as an Anxiolytic and Analgesic in the Perioperative Period: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Randomized Trials

Melatonin possesses sedative, hypnotic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antioxidative, and chronobiotic properties that distinguish it as an attractive alternative premedicant. A qualitative systematic review of the literature concerning the perioperative use of melatonin as an anxiolytic or analgesic in adult patients was carried out using the recommended guidelines provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Nine of the 10 studies showed statistically significant reduction of preoperative anxiety with melatonin premedication compared with placebo. An opioid-sparing effect or reduced pain scores were evident in five studies whereas three studies were contradictory. Thus, melatonin premedication is effective in ameliorating preoperative anxiety in adults, but its analgesic effects remain controversial in the perioperative period. Additional well designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to compare melatonin premedication with other pharmacological interventions, investigate its effect on more varied surgical populations, and to delineate its optimal dosing regimen.
Coupled Core-Edge Simulations of Pedestal Formation Using the FACETS Framework

We present coupled core-edge simulations of pedestal buildup in the DIII-D tokamak using the FACETS framework. The FACETS project provides computational flexibility by allowing users to choose the best model for a given physics target. Our goals are to develop accurate transport solvers using neoclassical and turbulent fluxes with varying degree of fidelity and computational complexity, including embedded gyrokinetic simulations. Accurate sources using both ICRH wave absorption and neutral beam injection are included using parallel source components. Detailed modeling of the plasma edge using a fluid-based physics component, UEDGE, is performed and coupled to the core solver. The core region is simulated using a newly developed parallel, nested-iteration based non-linear solver while the UEDGE uses nonlinear solves from the PETSc/SNES solver package. With this new capability, simulations of DIII-D shots 118897 and 98889 are presented and compared to experiments. For this modeling, the core fluxes are computed from GLF23, NCLASS and Horton-ETG models. Sources are taken either from an interpretive ONETWO simulation or from a self-consistent NUBEAM simulation. The sensitivity of pedestal buildup to chosen transport models it studied. The effect of wall out-gassing on the core fueling and density buildup in the pedestal is discussed.
Assessing the Predictive Power of Vulnerability Measures: Evidence from Panel Data for Argentina and Chile

This article carries out a validation exercise of vulnerability measures as predictors of poverty at the aggregate and micro levels based on short and long term panel data for Argentina and Chile. It then compares their performance to that of deprivation indicators. The main findings indicate that while vulnerability measures are good predictors of poverty in the aggregate, the same does not occur at household level. These results imply that while useful, vulnerability estimates require incorporating shocks to attenuate biased estimates if they are to be used for targeting purposes.
Agricultural Research, Technology and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between agricultural research, technology and nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), drawing upon a rich and insightful literature. African agriculture has the lowest productivity compared with other regions of the world. Huge productivity gains are possible and accrue where governments allocate the necessary resources to agricultural research and development. In SSA, however, public investment in agriculture is still far lower than needed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates show a rise in hunger globally as well as in Africa. The deterioration has been most severe in SSA. Agricultural development has enormous potential to make a significant contribution to reducing malnutrition and associated ill health. An assessment is carried out through a review of a large number of studies. These examined the factors determining adoption of innovative agricultural technology; their benefits and the underlying mechanisms; sustainability of the benefits; empowerment of women farmers and child nutrition; and the prospects of youth employment in agriculture and elsewhere. A case is then made for greater investment in agricultural research.
Voltage drop-based fault attacks on FPGAs using valid bitstreams

Due to the widespread use of FPGAs in many critical application domains, their security is of high concern. In recent systems, such as FPGAs in the Cloud or in Systems-on-Chip (SoCs), users can gain access, even remotely, to the reconfigurable fabric to implement custom accelerators. This access can expose new security vulnerabilities in the entire system through malicious use of the FPGA fabric. In the past, attacks on the power supply level required local access to the hardware. In this paper, we reveal a security vulnerability in FPGAs that allows a valid configuration to generate severe voltage fluctuations, which crashes the FPGA within a few microseconds. Moreover, the extent of this crash is so severe, that manual power-cycling is required to be able to access and use the system again. This vulnerability has been systematically exploited in two different generations of FPGAs, and a SoC containing an FPGA. Because this vulnerability can lead to severe security attacks in systems using FPGA-based accelerators, we also analyze its underlying mechanism, and discuss possibilities for mitigation.
Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Molecular pathogenesis and clinicopathological significance

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low‐grade tumor closely associated with chronic inflammation such as that of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Tumor regression by H. pylori eradication alone is well known in gastric MALT lymphoma, but some tumors occur in the absence of pre‐existing chronic inflammation. The understanding of MALT lymphoma biology has significantly improved, and recurrent cytogenetic alterations have been detected. These include the trisomies 3 and 18, and the translocations t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), and t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). At least some of these alterations result in the constitutive activation of the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway, and may exert anti‐apoptotic action. Apoptosis inhibitor 2–MALT lymphoma‐associated translocation 1 (API12‐MALT1) fusion, resulting from t(11;18)(q21;q21), is specific to, and is the most common in, MALT lymphomas, and its clinicopathological significance has been studied extensively. The focus of the present review is on the recent progress made in elucidating MALT lymphomagenesis and its clinicopathological impact, especially in terms of the effect of API2‐MALT1 fusion on this unique tumor.
Ligands Regulate Cell Surface Level of the Human κ Opioid Receptor by Activation-Induced Down-Regulation and Pharmacological Chaperone-Mediated Enhancement: Differential Effects of Nonpeptide and Peptide Agonists

Two peptide agonists, eight nonpeptide agonists, and five nonpeptide antagonists were evaluated for their capacity to regulate FLAG (DYKDDDDK)-tagged human κ opioid receptors (hKORs) stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells after incubation for 4 h with a ligand at a concentration ∼1000-fold of its EC50 (agonist) or Ki (antagonist) value. Dynorphins A and B decreased the fully glycosylated mature form (55-kDa) of FLAG-hKOR by 70%, whereas nonpeptide full agonists [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(2R)-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylcyclohexyl-]acetamide (U50,488H), 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5-epoxy-6-[N-methyl-trans-3-(3-furyl) acrylamido] morphinan hydrochloride (TRK-820), ethylketocyclazocine, bremazocine, asimadoline, and (RS)-[3-[1-[[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl]-methylamino]-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]phenoxy] acetic acid hydrochloride (ICI 204,448) caused 10–30% decreases. In contrast, pentazocine (partial agonist) and etorphine (full agonist) up-regulated by ∼15 and 25%, respectively. The antagonists naloxone and norbinaltorphimine also significantly increased the 55-kDa receptor, whereas selective μ, δ, and D1 receptor antagonists had no effect. Naloxone up-regulated the receptor concentration- and time-dependently and enhanced the receptor maturation extent, without affecting its turnover. Treatment with brefeldin A (BFA), which disrupts Golgi, resulted in generation of a 51-kDa form that resided intracellularly. Naloxone up-regulated the new species, indicating that its action site is in the endoplasmic reticulum as a pharmacological chaperone. After treatment with BFA, all nonpeptide agonists up-regulated the 51-kDa form, whereas dynorphins A and B did not, indicating that nonpeptide agonists act as pharmacological chaperones, but peptide agonists do not. BFA treatment enhanced down-regulation of the cell surface receptor induced by nonpeptide agonists, but not that by peptide agonists, and unmasked etorphine- and pentazocine-mediated receptor down-regulation. These results demonstrate that ligands have dual effects on receptor levels: enhancement by chaperone-like effects and agonist-promoted down-regulation, and the net effect reflects the algebraic sum of the two.
Optimizing Growth of Toddler Children Through Nutrition Counseling

In Bandung district, toddler with status less body weight as much as 10355 toddlers (3.72%) and who experienced very less weight (< 2.5 kg) is as much as 810 toddlers (0,25%). Therefore, need for nutrition counseling. Research is done by qualitative approach using Q short method. The aim research is to know the type of nutrition education needed by integrated service post (commonly called Posyandu) managers in Bandung district. Q-short results followed up with counseling on 81 posyandu managers, is a representative of posyandu managers from 31 sub districts. The result of need assessment showed that nutritional counseling needed were knowledge of toddler growth (28,39%), processed milk substitute feed (26,54%) and disciplined pregnant mother and toddler came to Posyandu ( 22.22%). The result of the research shows that there is an increase of post nutrition nutrition knowledge which is average result of pretest value is 43,57 whereas average result of posttest is 76,28 so that there is increase of knowledge equal to 32,71%. Skill required by posyandu manager that is processing mother's milk substitute food namely liquid food, soft food and cookies of beans supplemented by rice bran as source of vitamin B1, while to discipline the presence of toddlers and pregnant women is made "Control Card" so that more orderly come to Posyandu in order to support policy ' Healthy Village ". Keywords— method of Q short, posyandu manager, breastmilk substitute, control card, peanut cookies
[The comparison of platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich plasma in releasing of growth factors and their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE To compare the releasing of growth factors between platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro. METHODS Blood was taken from central artery of rabbits, acquiring PRF was acquired through one time centrifuge and PRP through two times centrifuge. Five milliliters of fresh alpha-MEM was added to PRF and PRP and incubated at 37 degrees C. The time points to collect exudates was in day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and the mass concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet derived growth factor-AB(PDGF-AB) were quantified in PRF and PRP. Then the exudates of PRF and PRP were used to culture ADSCs and evaluate the effects of PRF and PRP on proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs. RESULTS 1) Growth factor release: In the PRF exudates at different time points, the mass concentration of TGF-beta1 was the highest at day 14 and the highest mass concentration of PDGF-AB at day 7, the mass concentration of both TGF-beta1 and PDGF-AB was the highest at the first day and then gradually declined. 2)The effect on proliferation and differentiation: PRF exudates of day 14 expressed the maximum proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. PRF exudates of day 1 demonstrat the maximum proliferation and ALP activity. CONCLUSION Comparing to PRP, PRF releases growth factors gradually and expressed stronger and more durable effect on proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs in vitro.
Empirical analysis of airline choice using survey data in Hong Kong

This study aims to evaluate the level of importance of choice factors on airline choice. Empirical study is conducted to obtain relevant data from Hong Kong residents. Regarding the service perceptions, the results showed that there are significant differences among passengers who travel for different purposes, take different roles (decision makers against non-decision makers), as well as at different age and income groups. The findings also indicated that passengers consistently rank cost as the most important factor when deciding where to make the reservation and the airline choice. This may explain why Low-Cost Carriers (LCC) have an increasing market share in the recent years. To compete with the LCC, Full-Service Carriers (FSC) should focus on efficient flight operations, such as increasing flight frequency and minimizing delays. As these factors are greatly emphasized by passengers.
FLOW IN THE LEFT VENTRICLE WITH FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION

This paper describes the results of a simulation of blood flow and myocardium motion in an average canine left ventricle (LV) with fluid-structure interaction. The computed LV cavity pressure was in fair agreement with previous measurements over most of the cardiac cycle; however, during rapid filling, the calculated pressure was lower than the measured one, which led to non-physiological backflow. Trends of LV cavity volume changes were nearly physiological for three of the four phases of the cardiac cycle but the ejection fraction was lower than physiological. This method predicts appreciable pressure variations in the LV cavity, in contrast to solid-only simulations which assume uniform cavity pressure. The dependence of the results on various model parameters is briefly discussed along with suggestions for future work. INTRODUCTION Numerical simulations of the mechanics of the heart require the use of models for both the deformation of the solid wall and the flow of blood as well as a mechanism for coupling the two, namely fluid-structure interaction (FSI). Previous FSI simulations of the heart (Peskin and McQueen, 1996; Watanabe et al., 2004; Krittian et al., 2010) have made many simplifying assumptions in their solid mechanics models and, although predicting realistic blood flow patterns, were of limited success in simulating accurately the stressstrain behaviour of the wall. The objective of the present study was to perform FSI simulations of the mechanics of an average canine left ventricle (LV) over the full cardiac cycle. In earlier phases of this project, we have developed a material model for the myocardium (Doyle et al., 2010) and generated a set of initial conditions which are suitable for cardiac cycle simulations (Doyle et al., 2011). As part of the third phase of this study, this article reports results of these simulations over the cardiac cycle. METHODS Geometry and Mesh The solid and fluid geometries in this work are idealized and have been defined in their reference states to be representative of an average canine LV at diastasis, which is the middle phase of ventricular filling (diastole). The solid geometry was defined as a truncated prolate ellipsoid (i.e., a solid generated by an ellipse that has been revolved around its major axis), as shown in Figure 1a, with dimensions a = 46.92 mm, b = 27.84 mm, ta = 6.83 mm, tb = 12.42 mm, and h = 60.14 mm. The fluid geometry, shown in Figure 1b, consists of two parts; a lower part, for which the outer surface matches the inner surface of the solid geometry, and an upper part, consisting of two cylindrical tubes, which represent the LV inflow and outflow tracts, and a section of a sphere, which caps the truncated ellipsoid. The dimensions of the upper part of the fluid geometry were DAV = 9.78 mm, DMV = 18.88 mm, L1 = 9.78 mm, L2 = 7.78 mm, w1 = 26.71 mm, α = 60°, β = 75°, and θ = 135°. The solid geometry was meshed using ten-node tetrahedral elements, whereas the fluid was meshed using four-node tetrahedral elements, both on unstructured grids, as shown in Figure 2. Simulations were performed for the finest solid
Strain residual during hydraulic fracturing : an elastic model scenario with microseismicity

We study the induced strain and stress regimes of an Earth model during hydraulic fracturing simulations. A three dimensional (3D) stress and flow numerical scheme is developed to study the microseismic observations with respect to deformation behavior. The simulated fracture in the Earth model is calibrated in time and space to the microseismic geometries. A geomechanical interpretation, through parameter selection, is performed to explain how the fractured region deformed. The strain residual model results show the areas of deformation and identify the subsurface parameters that caused the deformation.