Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsteadiness and convective instabilities in two-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step

A systematic study of the stability of the two-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step with a nominal expansion ratio of 2 is presented up to Reynolds number Re = 2500 using direct numerical simulation as well as local and global stability analysis. Three different spectral element computer codes are used for the simulations. The stability analysis is performed both locally (at a number of streamwise locations) and globally (on the entire field) by computing the leading eigenvalues of a base flow state. The distinction is made between convectively and absolutely unstable mean flow. In two dimensions, it is shown that all the asymptotic flow states up to Re = 2500 are time-independent in the absence of any external excitation, whereas the flow is convectively unstable, in a large portion of the flow domain, for Reynolds numbers in the range 700 [les ] Re [les ] 2500. Consequently, upstream generated small disturbances propagate downstream at exponentially amplified amplitude with a space-dependent speed. For small excitation disturbances, the amplitude of the resulting waveform is proportional to the disturbance amplitude. However, selective sustained external excitation (even at small amplitudes) can alter the behaviour of the system and lead to time-dependent flow. Two different types of excitation are imposed at the inflow: (i) monochromatic waves with frequency chosen to be either close to or very far from the shear layer frequency; and (ii) random noise. It is found that for small-amplitude monochromatic excitation the flow acquires a time-periodic behaviour if perturbed close to the shear layer frequency, whereas the flow remains unaffected for high values of the excitation frequency. On the other hand, for the random noise as input, an unsteady behaviour is obtained with a fundamental frequency close to the shear layer frequency.
Thermodynamics of The Solubility of Some Fluoroquinolones In N- Butanol

Purpose: This study was to investigate the solubility and determine the thermodynamic parameters of solubilit y of three fluoroquinolones in an organic solvent (n-but anol) so as to establish their correlation with their transf er (absorption and penetration of bacterial cell wall) processes. Methods: The solubility of the three fluoroquinolones in nbutanol at different temperatures of 20 C, 25 C, 30 C, 37 C and 45 C, was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometry at their appropriate wavelengths of maximum absorption. Results: The results showed that the solubility of the fluoroquinolones in n-butanol increased with increa sing temperature. Of the three fluoroquinolones studied, norfloxacin was the most soluble in n-butanol. Conclusion: The solubilization process of these fluoroquinolones in n-butanol was non-spontaneous.
Testing Slim-Disk Models on the Thermal Spectra of LMC X-3

Slim-disk models describe accretion flows at high luminosit ies, while reducing to the standard thin disk form in the low luminosity limit. We have developed a new spectral model,slimbb, within the framework ofXSPEC, which describes fully relativistic slim-disk accretion and includes photon ray-tracing that starts from the disk photosphere, rather than the equatorial plane. We demonstrate the features of this model by applying it to RXTE spectra of the persistent black-hole X-ray binary LMC X-3 . LMC X-3 has the virtues of exhibiting large intensity variations while maintainin g itself in soft spectral states which are well described usi ng accretion-disk models, making it an ideal candidate to test the aptness ofslimbb. Our results demonstrate consistency between the low-luminosity (thin-disk) and high luminosity (slim-disk) regimes. We also show that X-ray continuum-fitting in the high accretion ra te regime can powerfully test black-hole accretion disk models. Accretion powers the most luminous objects in the universe by converting gravitational potential energy into highly ene rgetic radiation. In order to understand this mechanism it is cruci al to study the primary engine of accreting black-hole systems: the accretion disk. Accretion disks form when gaseous matter, usually an assembly of free electrons and various types of ions, spirals onto a central gravitating body by gradually losing its initial angular momentum as a result of viscous and magnetic stresses. The simplest analytical model of an accretion disk is the standard thin disk model (Shakura & Sunyaev 1973; Novikov & Thorne 1973) which assumes that at a given radius, r, all dissipated energy is released as radiation and that the emission at each ra dius is locally given by a blackbody spectrum. The innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), beyond which the particles in orbit become dynamically unstable and plunge into the black hole, is taken to be a manifestation of the inner disk boundary. This model, however, is only self-consistent in the limit at whic h the disk is geometrically razor thin. Consequently, its val idity is restricted to luminosities below ∼ 30% of the Eddington luminosity, LEdd ≡ 1.26 × 10 38 (M/M⊙) erg/s, when radiation pressure will cause the disk to be minimally inflated (see e.g .
ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series MEC 2017-2378

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is rapidly developing technology in biomedical implant manufacturing area. It provides the opportunity to produce custommade implants from 3D digital modeling of the desired prosthesis with complex geometries and different materials such as metal, ceramic and polymer. Although the researches are going on vigorously, there are still some gaps about manufacturing implants with in desired surface quality and dimensional accuracy. In this study the most widely used AM methods in biomedical implant manufacturing, such as Stereolithography, fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are explained. Application and recent studies in this area are reviewed in terms of orthopedic and dental prosthesis. Moreover, recent trends and future directions about AM for manufacturing more precise and accurate biomedical implants are discussed.
Alginate–Polyethylene Oxide Blend Nanofibers and the Role of the Carrier Polymer in Electrospinning

We present here a systematic investigation to understand why aqueous sodium alginate can only be electrospun into fibers through a blend with another polymer; specifically, polyethylene oxide (PEO). We seek to examine and understand the role of PEO as the “carrier polymer”. The addition of PEO favorably reduces electrical conductivity and surface tension of the alginate solution, aiding in fiber formation. While PEO has the ability to coordinate through its ether group (−COC−) with metal cation like the sodium cation of sodium alginate, we demonstrate in this study using PEO as well as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that coordination may have little effect on electrospinnability. More importantly, we show that PEO as carrier polymer provides molecular entanglement that is required for electrospinning. Since the selected carrier polymer provides the necessary entanglement, this carrier polymer must be electrospinnable, entangled and of a high molecular weight (more than 600 kDa for PEO). On the basis of these req.
Soil Management Impact on Soil Characteristics (Physiques) and Erosion on Hapludalfs Bogor

The experiments were performed to find out the effect of terrace types and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) on erosion, aggregate stability, and permeability of Typic Hapludalfs. The experiment was done in the rainy season in Sukamulya village, Sukamakmur, Bogor, West Java with the altitude of 800 m above sea level and slope of 30%. Randomized block design was used in this experiment; consist of 5 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments were: without terrace and without grass (T0) as a control, dike terrace without grass (T1), dike terrace with grass (T2), bench terrace without grass (T3), and bench terrace with grass (T4). The results showed that, there were highly significant difference effect of terrace types and grass (Pennisetum purpureum) on erosion, soil aggregate stability, and soil permeability. The treatment of the bench terrace with elephant grass (T4) gave the lightest eroded soil of 6.698 t ha. The decreasing value on aggregate soil stability and soil permeability were significantly affected by increasing erosion. These relationships were much closed, showed on the coefficients of regression determination of 96% and 97% respectively. Meanwhile the increasing of rainfall followed significantly by increasing of erosion, with a regression determination coefficient of 99%. The results of this study, showed that, there were significantly correlated between erosion with soil aggregate stability, soil permeability, and rainfall.
Asymmetry of radial heat pulse propagation at TEXTOR

Electron heat pulse propagation following sawtooth collapse has been simultaneously observed along two opposite radial directions. For a given flux surface, the arrival of the heat pulse at the high field side (HFS) is delayed by up to 1 ms as compared with the arrival at the low field side (LFS). The observed delay agrees with an estimate of the time required for parallel electron heat transport along the magnetic field lines connecting the corresponding LFS and HFS isobars. This suggests that the primary radial heat transport occurs on the LFS, whereas the HFS is fed subsequently from the LFS by temperature equilibration along the connecting magnetic field lines
MRI Lesion Load of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With CADASIL

Background and objective: Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the best known and the most common monogenic small vessel disease (SVD). Cognitive impairment is an inevitable feature of CADASIL. Total SVD score and global cortical atrophy (GCA) scale were found to be good predictors of poor cognitive performance in community-dwelling adults. We aimed to estimate the association between the total SVD score, GCA scale and the cognitive performance in patients with CADASIL. Methods: We enrolled 20 genetically confirmed CADASIL patients and 20 controls matched by age, gender, and years of education. All participants underwent cognitive assessments to rate the global cognition and individual domain of executive function, information processing speed, memory, language, and visuospatial function. The total SVD score and GCA scale were rated. Results: The CADASIL group performed worse than the controls on all cognition measures. Neither global cognition nor any separate domain of cognition was significantly different among patients grouped by total SVD score. Negative correlations between the GCA score and cognitive performance were observed. Approximately 40% of the variance was explained by the total GCA score in the domains of executive function, information processing speed, and language. The superficial atrophy score was associated with poor performance in most of the domains of cognition. Adding the superficial atrophy score decreased the prediction power of the deep atrophy score on cognitive impairment alone. Conclusions: The GCA score, not the total SVD score, was significantly associated with poor cognitive performance in patients with CADASIL. Adding the superficial atrophy score attenuated the prediction power of the deep atrophy score on cognitive impairment alone.
Multi-Drug Loaded Chitosan / Gelatin Composite Sponge for Dental Application

The extraction of impacted third molar teeth can significantly lead to postoperative pain, swelling and trismus which delay hospital discharge. Dexamethasone steroid and Diclofenac are commonly prescribed to prevent inflammatory sequelae and relieve the associated pain. In this study, gelatin / chitosan blend was used for the preparation of dexamethasonediclofenac sponge to be implanted directly to the socket benefiting from (1) the biodegradable nature of the polymers used as taking out the sponge after treatment always causes new damage to the wound. (2) The interaction between positively charged chitosan and negatively charged gelatin. The conditions expected to affect the stability of gelatin foams were optimized and the sponge was prepared by the lyophilization of stable foams generated by stirring a mixture of 7% aqueous gelatin and 2.5% chitosan in 1% acetic acid in a ratio of 1:5 respectively at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to elucidate the internal structure of the developed sponge where drug crystals were detected on the lamellae and within pores of the sponge. In general, sponge formulae D, E and F showed higher and fast absorption behaviour reaching up to 2023% of its weight after 15 minutes only.
Prothrombin Time ( PT ) Prothrombin Time Prothrombinzeit ( PT ) Prothrombin Time Tiempo de protrombina ( PT ) Prothrombin Time Taux de prothrombine ou temps de Quick ( PT ) J 201

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The Hemochron Jr. instruments utilize a mechanical endpoint clotting mech‐ anism in which testing occurs within the disposable PT cuvette. Following whole blood sample introduction, the instrument precisely measures 15 microliters of blood and automatically moves it into the test channel within the PT cuvette. The remainder of the blood sample, not needed for test‐ ing, is automatically drawn into the waste channel of the cuvette. Sample/ reagent mixing and test initiation are also performed automatically, requiring no operator interaction. After mixing with the reagent, the sample is moved back and forth within the test channel and monitored for clot formation.
Diagnostic Role of NT Pro BNP in Diabetes Type 2 Patients Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk, A Study from Central India

Cardiovascular disease is the most frequent cause of death in patient with diabetes. It is difficult to evaluate cardiovascular status of patients with diabetes because of complex symptomatology. NTproBNP, a split peptide from pro BNP molecule is a novel biomarker, released from cardiac myocytes in response to myocardial stretch, cardio vascular disease, endothelial dysfunction and heart failure. We aimed to test that is elevated NTproBNP levels associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes patients in comparison to matched control. Demographic, anthropometric measure, NT pro BNP, lipid profile, blood glucose were estimated and compared among angiographically proven cardiovascular disease patients with diabetes and healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to compare individual factor using t-Test, ANOVA and the inter group comparisons were done by using Bon ferroni Post Hoc test. Patients with type 2 diabetes were shown to have higher NTproBNP values (n=50, 1481.021±813.405) than control subjects (n=50, 23.562±23.395) (p <0.05). NTproBNP levels were independently related to diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, family history, smoking, obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile. Our data suggests that the secretion of NT pro BNP is increased in type II diabetes patients, suggesting association of diabetes and NTproBNP in cardio vascular disease with higher prevalence. Thus NTproBNP may serve as a screening tool to diagnose patients with type II diabetes with cardiovascular disease having complex symptomatology. Keyword: NTproBNP, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1. 4266 J Medicine 2010: 11: 33-38
Numerical analysis and control of the recirculation bubble strength of turbulent confined jet flow using inlet swirl

Numerical investigation of the turbulent jet flows, both central and annular type of jets has been carried out with the introduction of swirl at the inlet using the modified κ −e model. It was observed that the recirculation bubble generated by the central jet without swirl diminishes in size due to increase in swirl number, while in the case of annular jet the recirculation bubble size grows gradually by the same. Keywords: swirl, turbulent jet, modified κ −e model, recirculation bubble
Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Alkali Concentration, Corn Stover Particle Size, and Extruder Parameters for Maximum Sugar Recovery

The National Research Council (2000) has set a goal for the biobased industry of providing at least 10% of liquid fuels by the year 2020 and providing 50% of liquid fuels by the year 2050. The 2007 Energy Act mandates the production of 21 billion gallons of biofuels from non-corn starch materials by 2022. Brazil and the US produce about 60% of the world’s ethanol, exploiting sugarcane and corn, respectively. Economics and limitation in grain supply lead to search for alternative resources. Lignocellulosic materials are the most abundant renewable resources on earth (Lynd et al., 2005) and cheaper than corn. Among the crop residues, corn and wheat are the most abundant in the US, roughly 96% of the total biomass (Little, 2001). Corn stover is being considered as one of the main renewable feedstocks for conversion into fuels and chemicals. According to Kadam and McMillon (2003), about 80-100 dry tons of corn stover/year can be utilized for ethanol production. It has been estimated that approximately 256 million dry tons of corn stover will be available in the year 2030 due to collection technologies improvement and a steady yield increase (Perlack et al., 2005). Moreover, corn stover is projected as the feedstock in two of the six commercial-scale lignocellulosic biorefineries supported by the US Department of Energy (Service, 2007). Ethanol production from biomass is quite different from the process used for corn grain, because the carbohydrates in biomass are more difficult for hydrolytic enzymes to access than the starch in grain (Gibbons et al., 1986). Unlike corn grain, biomass is composed of 40– 50% cellulose, 25–35% hemicellulose, and 15–20% lignin (Saha & Bothast, 1997). Because of the complex structure of biomass and its recalcitrant nature, an additional step called pretreatment is required for ethanol production from biomass in addition to the steps involved in corn ethanol production. The purposes of pretreatment are to open up the biomass structure, to increase accessible surface area, to reduce the cellulose crystallinity, and to increase the porosity, pore size, and pore volume. Extensive pretreatment effort has been made using several methods on different biomasses with varying degrees of success. Acid, alkali, hydrothermal (steam, steam explosion, hot water, pH controlled hot water), and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) are a few well recognized pretreatment methods.
Data Mining in-IDE Activities: Why Software Developers Fail

This paper addresses the hindrances behind software developers’ failures as perceived from software build failures. We capture and correlate the routines and patterns of developers’ interactions in IDE, their backgrounds, expertise, and geographic locations with their failure instances. Our study is based on a large dataset of 85 developers’ 11 million interactions/events in Microsoft Visual Studio IDE over 15,000 work-hours. The ﬁndings from this study will help developers and organizations in shaping their working style for higher success rate.
MR Study of Postnatal Development of Myocardial Structure and Left Ventricular Function

Results: Morphologically, LV size increased with age. Functionally, stroke volume and cardiac output increased. Heart rate increased gradually and became stable after day 14. On average, ejection fraction increased within the first 4 days, decreased at day 7, gradually increased until day 21, and became stable afterward. Structurally, double-helical myocardial structure was found as early as day 2. Myocardial fiber parameters, described by fractional anisotropy, mean apparent diffusion coefficient, and axial diffusivity, increased within the first 4 days. Then radial diffusivity increased until day 7 while other parameters decreased up to day 56.
Hypertrophe Kardiomyopathie

Hohnec Die hypertrophe Kardiomyopathie ist die häufigste genetisch bedingte Herzerkrankung, charakterisiert durch eine ausgeprägte Hypertrophie des linken und/oder rechten Ventrikels ohne erkennbare Ursache. Klinisch bleibt die Erkrankung oft asymptomatisch. Das Risiko für den plötzlichen Herztod ist von der klinischen Symptomatik jedoch unabhängig, weshalb bei jedem Patienten eine Risikostratifizierung erfolgen sollte. Einen Überblick über diagnostische und therapeutische Optionen gibt dieser Beitrag.
Evaluating the Existence of Structural Change in the Brazilian Term Structure of Interest Rate: Evidence Based on Cointegration Models with Structural Break

This paper investigates whether there is evidence of structural change in the Brazilian term structure of interest rates. Multivariate cointegration techniques are used to verify this evidence. Two econometrics models are estimated. The rst one is a Vector Autoregressive Model with Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) with smooth transition in the deterministic coe¢ cients (Ripatti and Saikkonen [25]). The second one is a VECM with abrupt structural change formulated by Hansen [13]. Two datasets were analysed. The rst one contains a nominal interest rate with maturity up to three years. The second data set focuses on maturity up to one year. The rst data set focuses on a sample period from 1995 to 2010 and the second from 1998 to 2010. The frequency is monthly. The estimated models suggest the existence of structural change in the Brazilian term structure. It was possible to document the existence of multiple regimes using both techniques for both databases. The risk premium for di¤erent spreads varied considerably during the earliest period of both samples and seemed to converge to stable and lower values at the end of the sample period. Long-term risk premiums seemed to converge to inter-national standards, although the Brazilian term structure is still subject to liquidity problems for longer maturities.
Tabvertising : formatos y estrategias publicitarias en tabletas

Las tabletas digitales han revolucionado el mercado de los dispositivos moviles y han cambiado la forma en la que el usuario interactua con la publicidad. Se han definido nuevas estrategias, nuevas tipologias de apps, nuevos formatos interactivos y no interactivos; y se han encontrado grandes posibilidades para los anunciantes. Este libro pretende mostrar algunas de las estrategias publicitarias mas comunes entre el anunciante, asi casos de exito en el mundo de las tabletas digitales que los ejemplifiquen. El storytelling, el advergaming, el advertainment, la publicidad para revistas,la prensa diaria o las aplicaciones de anunciantes mas descargadas configuran el Tabvertising, la denominada por el Interactive Advertising Bureau como publicidad creada para tabletas digitales