Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FastLORS: Joint modelling for expression quantitative trait loci mapping in R

FastLORS is a software package that implements a new algorithm to solve sparse multivariate regression for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mapping. FastLORS solves the same optimization problem as LORS, an existing popular algorithm. The optimization problem is solved through inexact block coordinate descent with updates by proximal gradient steps, which reduces the computational cost compared with LORS. We apply LORS and FastLORS to a real dataset for eQTL mapping and demonstrate that FastLORS delivers comparable results with LORS in much less computing time.
Importance of rare and abundant populations for the structure and functional potential of freshwater bacterial communities

Lakewater microcosms were inoculated with freshwater bacterioplankton, to determine how the elimination of less abundant populations affects the structure and basic functional features (growth) of mi- crobial communities. The number of bacteria added to individual microcosms varied from <1 to 2.6 × 10 7 cells. Cultures amended with 11 mg C l -1 of either isolated hu- mic substances or phenol, as well as unamended con- trols, were studied in parallel. All cultures inoculated with 260 cells or more showed vigorous growth, whereas an inoculum size of 2.6 to 26 cells resulted in growth in the control and humic enrichment cultures only. All cul- tures were harvested at steady state within 14 d of inocu- lation. The biomass yield was only slightly affected by the dilution factor. The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene (encoding the enzyme responsible for starting the meta pathway of aromatic compound degradation) was de- tected in all phenol and in the least diluted humic en- richment cultures. Dominant members of the emerging bacterial communities were detected by terminal restric- tion fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of PCR- amplified 16S rRNA genes. The number of detected community members was much higher in the humic treatment than in the phenol and control treatments. Based on the T-RFLP data, dilution of the inoculum sig- nificantly affected the resulting community composition (p < 0.0001). Rare, opportunistic populations were ap- parently able to exploit the humic enrichment cultures. Phenol appeared to be detrimental to the most abundant members of the original inoculum, but promoted the growth of relatively rare species carrying the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene. Thus, community functioning following an environmental perturbation can depend on the presence of rare as well as abundant species.
Studies in flock mating of sheep. 4. The relation of libido tests to subsequent service activity of young rams

Seventy-five Merino rams, l 1/2 years old, were tested for libido in pens and were later observed while mating in flocks. The total number of services performed in three pen libido tests was the parameter most highly correlated with service frequency during flock mating. For the 58 rams that mounted ewes in the libido tests, the total number of services in the three tests was highly correlated with the number of services performed during the first three hours in flocks of 40 ewes containing only one ram (r56 = 0.853, P<0.001). Subsequently, pairs of rams were joined with flocks of 66 or 125 ewes. With these rams, the number of services in the pen libido tests was highly correlated with the number of services performed in three hours immediately after introduction of the rams (r20 = 0.717, P<0.001) or seven days later (r14 = 0.709). It is concluded that the number of services performed by young rams during a simple form of libido test could provide an indication of their subsequent service activity during flock mating.
Prevalence and Antibiograms of Uropathogens from the Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections affecting 150 million people each year worldwide and are increasing every day. UTIs are the significant cause of morbidity in infant boys/girls, older men, and female of all age group. UTI is the commonest disease among Nepalese population. According to the annual report published by the Department of Health service (2059/2060) morbidity of UTI in Nepal is 1,25,0584. Geographical distributions of UTI patients in Nepal in Eastern, Central, Western, Mid-western and Far-western region of Nepal were 72,426, 85,760, 77,729, 44,382 and 36,414 respectively in 2015/2016.
A STUDY OF THE FACTORS CAUSING A DECREASE IN THE RATE OF PHOSPHATE UPTAKE BY YEAST DURING PHOSPHATE ACCUMULATION

SUMMARY The decrease in the rate of P-absorption developing during P-accumulation by yeast is accompanied by a parallel decrease in glycolysis. Addition of magnesium ions diminished these effects partly suggesting that one of the causes of the decrease in the rate of phosphate absorption is an increasing lack of free magnesium ions in the cell. The possibility that the cellular orthophosphate concentration affected also the rate of P-entry was considered, too.
Does post-grazing sward height influence sward characteristics, seasonal herbage dry-matter production and herbage quality?

Extending the grazing season through the production and utilization of high-quality forage is a key objective in grassland-based dairy production systems. Grazing swards to a low post-grazing sward height (PGSH) is a strategy for improving grass utilization. A grazing experiment conducted in Ireland investigated immediate and subsequent effects of PGSH on sward production, utilization and structural characteristics. Swards were grazed to 2.7 cm (severe; S1) or 3.5 cm (moderate; M1) from 10 February to 18 April 2010 (Period 1; P1). From 19 April, each P1 paddock was halved and grazed to either 3.8 cm (S2) or 4.8 cm (M2), until 30 October (Period 2; P2). The first grazing rotation was +7 d on S1 swards compared with M1 swards (45 d), due to greater herbage utilization (+0.22). Herbage production during P1 was not affected by PGSH but a severe PGSH during this period reduced subsequent herbage production: 13.9 (S1) vs. 15.5 t dry matter (DM) ha.1 (M1) by the end of the study. Leaf proportion was increased (+0.10) on S2 swards compared with M2 swards, but M2 swards produced 1.2 t DM ha.1 more herbage during P2. Despite the relatively lower level of sward utilization obtained from moderate grazing in P1 (3.5 cm) and P2 (4.5-5.0 cm), such levels of PGSH increased DM production while maintaining sward quality, compared with severe grazing (2.7 cm in P1 and 3.5-4.0 cm in P2).
Potencial de las tecnologías inmersivas en el análisis del ciclo de vida de las edificaciones = Potential of immersive technologies in the analysis of the life cycling of buildings

La presente propuesta establece el potencial de la incorporacion de tecnologias inmersiva enfocada en 3 herramientas: Realidad Virtual, Mixta y Aumentada en el Analisis del Ciclo de Vida de las Edificaciones, dos tendencias que se han incorporado fuertemente en la Industria durante la ultima decada. La inversion en esta tecnologia tiene un costo inicial en equipamiento que oscila entre los 199 y 4995 USD y tienen distintos enfoques y grados de inmersion; por otra parte, los proyectos de edificacion se clasifican en distintas fases, buscando establecerla demanda de energia y la emision de gases con efecto invernadero en cada una de ellas. El reconocimiento de las herramientas tecnologicas inmersivas posibles de utilizar, en fases relevantes del ciclo de vida, permite establecer estrategias de implementacion adecuadas a los requerimientos actuales de un proyecto. Se puede observar que, toma relevancia en la etapa de diseno, la tecnologia de Realidad Virtual y visualizacion (Matterport, NavVis, Oculus y HTC); en las etapas intermedias - desde la fabricacion a la construccion – el potencial viene dado por las herramientas asociadas a la Realidad Aumentada (Hololens y Daqri) y finalmente, varias de las herramientas estudiadas cuentan con potencial para ser incorporadas en las ultimas fases llamadas de funcionamiento y demolicion o reciclaje. Abstract This proposal establishes the potential of the incorporation of immersive technologies focused on 3 tools: Virtual, Mixed and Augmented Reality in the Analysis of the Building Life Cycle, two trends that have been strongly incorporated in the Industry during the last decade. The investment in this technology has an initial cost in equipment that oscillates between 199 and 4995 USD and they have different approaches and degrees of immersion; On the other hand, building projects are classified into different phases, seeking to establish energy demand and the emission of greenhouse gases in each of them. The recognition of the immersive technological tools possible to use, in relevant phases of the life cycle, allows to establish implementation strategies appropriate to the current requirements of a project. It can be seen that, it takes relevance in the design stage, Virtual Reality technology and visualization (Matterport, NavVis, Oculus and HTC); In the intermediate stages - from manufacturing to construction - the potential is given by the tools associated with Augmented Reality (Hololens and Daqri) and finally, several of the tools studied have the potential to be incorporated into the last phases of operation. and demolition or recycling.
Assumptions underlying the use of ontogenetic sequences for determining character state order

Abstract The study of ontogeny yields two types of information of potential use for phylogenetic reconstruction: information about characters and about transformation among the states within characters. Transformational information is used to construct hypotheses of character state homology, polarity, and order. Character state order refers to the evolutionary connections among character states, whereas polarity refers to the direction of evolution along hypothesized connections (i.e., which character conditions are primitive and which are derived). Hypotheses of either character state order or polarity require assumptions about evolutionary processes and constrain phylogenetic construction. The use of ontogeny to infer phylogenetic order among character states requires the assumption that evolution modifies states one at a time, through addition or deletion, terminally or nonterminally, in the sequence. When phylogenetic change involves the simultaneous addition or deletion of two or more states from a c.
Water sources and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of selected tree species of the Italian Alps

Selected species of the Italian Alpine region (Piceaabies (L.) Karst. , Pinussylvestris L. , Pinuscembra L. , and Larixdecidua L. ) have been investigated in terms of water-source utilization and carbon fixation estimated by the analysis of hydrogen and carbon stable isotopes composition at two sites of differing altitude (1000 and 1500 m above sea level). Larixdecidua is the species most dependent on groundwater in both sites, while Pinussylvestris utilizes rainwater to a greater extent. Concurrently, Pinussylvestris displayed the highest value of the carbon isotopic ratio (δ13C = −25.9 ± 0.6‰), while Larixdecidua had the most negative one (δ13C = −29.0 ± 0.4‰). A relationship was found between water-source utilization and carbon-isotope discrimination.
DNA markers for estimation of inbreeding depression and heterosis in the guppy Poecilia reticulata

Molecular markers have significant potential for use in precise breeding programmes in aquaculture. This paper reviews the use of DNA markers to estimate inbreeding depression and heterosis in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. Full-sib matings revealed that inbreeding causes declines in survival and salinity tolerance, but not in undwarfism, growth and high water temperature tolerance, indicating the effects of inbreeding differ among fitness-related traits. Salinity tolerance was used to quantify the level of inbreeding depression and heterosis because the trait is strongly sensitive to inbreeding and shows a linear decrease with an increase in inbreeding coefficient. A positive correlation was observed between heterozygosity at microsatellite loci and salinity tolerance among 17 guppy populations. This indicates that heterozygosity estimated from microsatellites is a useful indicator for the estimation of inbreeding depression, suggesting that overall heterozygosity is important for fitness-related traits that show inbreeding depression. Use of DNA markers to estimate the amount of heterosis in various strain combinations was examined using diallele and reciprocal crosses among four domestic strains. The amount of heterosis differed among the strain combinations and correlated with Nei's genetic distance measured by microsatellites and also by dissimilarity using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. This indicates that microsatellite and RAPD markers are useful for estimating the amount of heterosis in various strain combinations, further suggesting that the amount of heterosis depends on the genetic differences between the strains. The present study showed that DNA markers are useful tools for estimating inbreeding depression and heterosis in guppy breeding.
The effect of feeding with feedstuff containing microbial and plant phytase additive on performance of young slaughter turkeys

Abstract One hundred and twenty B.U. T.9 turkey females were studied. They were allocated into four groups, each of three equal replications. From the seventh to the 16th week of rearing, the birds were fed with balanced feedstuff mixtures (Group I – control) with the addition of phytase in the amount of 750 FTU·1 kg−1 of feed (Groups II and IV) or with 10% addition of wheat bran (Groups III and IV). The groups fed with the wheat bran addition reached 94% body mass of control group, independently from phytase additive. Birds fed without bran but with phytase additive were 0.5% heavier than the ones fed without this enzyme. Feed conversion ratio per 1 kg of body mass gain was significantly greater in the groups fed with bran additive, independent of the use of phytase and it equalled 3.02 kg·kg−1 gain, whereas in the groups fed without bran it was only 2.58 kg·kg−1 body mass gain.
An acoustic survey of baleen whales off Great Barrier Island, New Zealand

Abstract Acoustic recordings of baleen whale calls were analysed for the calendar year 1997 from a pair of fixed hydrophones located 5 km east of Great Barrier Island, New Zealand. The primary goal of the study was to examine blue whale seasonally and song type as part of a larger worldwide study. Calls were recorded from blue whales of two song types, fin whales, humpback whales, Bryde's whales, and of two unknown call types, each probably produced by Bryde's whales. The peak of calling density was May through September for the blue, fin, and humpback whales. The known Bryde's whale calls occurred year‐round and the probable Bryde's whale calls occurred from May through December. Blue whale songs of a type so far known only from New Zealand waters were detected within 2 km of shore and occurred four times from June to December, whereas the Southern Ocean blue whale songs were detected only further offshore in mid‐winter. Bryde's whale calls were the most abundant type and often occurred near the hydrophones. These data provide a baseline from which future recordings from the same hydrophones could be compared.
Biotic pollination mechanisms in the Australian flora — a review

Abstract Various aspects of pollination biology in Australia are examined and the relevant literature is reviewed in detail. The history of Australian pollination studies is briefly discussed and particular emphasis given to the contributions made by some of the more outstanding workers in this field. The enormous diversity of the pollen-vector fauna is documented and emphasis given to the adaptations of particular vector types and of the blossoms that they visit. The pollination role of the Australian invertebrate fauna is discussed and an assessment made of the proportion of anthophilous (i.e., flower-frequenting) taxa in various insect groups. Critical examination of recorded feeding habits of the Australian coleopteran and dipteran faunas reveals that at least 28 of the 121 coleopteran families (i.e., 23%) and 44 of the 87 dipteran families (i.e., 51%) contain anthophilous species. The Australian bee fauna, consisting of c. 3000 species, is exclusively anthophilous and constitutes the most important g.
The effect and molecular mechanism of powdery mildew on wheat grain prolamins

SUMMARY A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici, Bgt) on wheat grain at varying levels of disease severity and at different growth stages. Methods used to determine these effects included Kjeldahl determination, unidimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis combined with mass spectrometric analysis. The specific influences explored were those on prolamins and protein composition at the molecular level. Concentrations of both grain protein and prolamin in wheat increased as disease indices (DIs) of powdery mildew rose from 20 days after anthesis (DAA) to maturity. Globulin concentrations changed dynamically and significantly, especially at 25 DAA when DI was the highest. This was verified by proteomic analysis which showed globulins (such as globulin 3, globulin 3B, globulin 3C, gliadin/avenin-like protein and triticin) being up-regulated significantly under powdery mildew stress. It was proposed that powdery mildew might indirectly affect protein accumulation in grain by influencing the regulative enzymes (including peptidylprolyl isomerase, cyclophilin A-2 and GTPase ObgE) and metabolic processes. It was speculated that the indirect increase caused by yield reduction was not the only factor causing the increase in prolamin concentration. Another factor may be the rise of expression level of molecular chaperones and enzymes relating to protein synthesis, which led to the rise in protein synthesis.
The Effect of Auditor Tenure on Audit Independence in Botswana

exacerbated by insituting mandatory audit firm rotation (Roush et al, 2011). The primary purpose of this study is to investgate Botswana corporate community’s perspective on the issue of the recent changes in the Auditor tenure and how it impacts on auditor independence and financial reporting quality. The researcher endeavors to improve the understanding of the underlying reasons behind the positions of audit committee members on mandatory audit firm rotation. The study also examines how audit committee members currently ensure auditor independence and objectivity and how audit committee chairs maintain and monitor a series of important relationships including the audit committee-external auditor relationship, the audit committee-financial management relationship, and the external auditor-financial management relationship. Finally the study explores audit committee members’ views on the costs associated with switching audit firms. Abstract: The main objective of this study is to find out the perceived influence of timeframe of auditor on audit independence. It also helps to find out whether audit firm rotation should be familiarized in Botswana or not. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect that auditor tenure has on audit independence. The sample had been drawn from Botswana Stock exchange based on the list of accredited auditors and listed companies. Descriptive research design has been applied on a sample of 3 Accounting Firms and 12 Accountants. Data collected was analysed using statistical analyses software package, SPSS version 21 in order to determine the audit independence level in relation to audit tenure. Audit independence was determined from the analysis of different factors affecting audit independency, frequency tables where used to analyse the responses of the sample population. The findings proved that a prolonged Audit tenure results in impaired audit independence. It was recommended that there is need to develop alternative measures to safeguard auditor’s independence.
BUDAYA SIBALIPARRIQ DALAM PRAKTIK HOUSEHOLD ACCOUNTING

Abstrak: Budaya Sibaliparriq dalam Praktik Household Accounting. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menelusuri budaya sibaliparriq dalam praktik akuntansi rumah tangga. Fenomenomologi digunakan sebagai metode dengan keluarga nelayan Mandar sebagai informan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa budaya sibaliparriq membuat pendapatan sebagai rejeki dan melahirkan rasa saling percaya antara suami dan istri pada aspek pengelolaan pendapatan. Para informan tidak melakukan pencatatan baik pemasukan maupun pengeluaran. Suami langsung memberikan penghasilan kepada istri tanpa meminta istri untuk mempertanggungjawabkan secara tertulis atau memberikan laporan tentang pengalokasian tersebut. Bahasa lisan menjadi bahasa akuntansi mereka dalam mengelola keuangan keluarga. Abstract: Sibaliparriq Culture in Household Accounting Practices. This study seeks to explore the culture of sibaliparriq in household accounting practices. Phenomenology was used as a method with the Mandar fishermen family as informants. This research finds that sibaliparriq culture makes income as a fortune and breeds mutual trust between husband and wife in the aspect of income management. The informants don’t record both income and expenditure. The husband immediately provides income to the wife without asking the wife to take responsibility for writing their report on the allocation. Spoken language becomes their accounting language in managing family finances.
Dégradation des terres cultivées au Sud-Kivu, R.D. Congo : perceptions paysannes et caractéristiques des exploitations agricoles

Description du sujet. En comparaison avec les pays environnants de la région des Grands Lacs africains, il existe un manque criant d’informations actualisées sur l’état de dégradation des sols dans la dorsale du Kivu en R.D. Congo. Objectifs. Cette étude vise à caractériser la sévérité de la dégradation des sols cultivés au Sud-Kivu et comment celle-ci est affectée par la diversité des contextes biophysiques et socio-économiques, par les choix de cultures et de pratiques culturales. Méthode. Au sein de quatre territoires de la dorsale du Kivu, 720 petits agriculteurs ont été enquêtés concernant le niveau et les formes de dégradation des parcelles, les cultures et les pratiques culturales. Une classification des exploitations a été réalisée. Résultats. Les exploitations se caractérisent par leur petite taille et leur pauvreté. Globalement, l’état de dégradation est perçu comme moyen, mais il est sévère à très sévère pour un tiers des producteurs. L'érosion, les pertes d'éléments nutritifs et de matière organique sont les principaux types de dégradation. La pression démographique explique en partie les différences observées entre bassins. Les ménages les plus pauvres présentent en moyenne les niveaux de dégradation les plus élevés. Certaines pratiques (billonnage) ou cultures (manioc, café, cultures maraichères) semblent préférentiellement associées à certains états de dégradation, sans que des liens de cause à effet ne puissent être établis en raison de la prédominance des associations culturales. Conclusions. L’enquête a mis en évidence une situation interpellante, affectant particulièrement les ménages les plus pauvres, qui doit inciter à plus d’investissements en matière de conservation des sols.