Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies specific tonative murineT-cell receptor y6: Analysis ofyHTcells during thymic ontogeny andin peripheral lymphoid organs

Threehamster monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), all rec ingdifferent epitopes present onthenative formofthemurine T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)y8subunits, havebeengenerated. mAb3A10isspecific toapan-murine TCRv8,recognizing aCogconstant region determinant. mAb 8D6isspecific toasubset ofT cells expressing V,,4- and V8S5-encoded v6TCR,andmAb5C10isdonotypic. Using these andother mAbsdirected against avariety ofT-cell surface markers, wequantitated andcharacterized y8Tcells present indeveloping thymuses aswell asintheconventional lymphatic organs byflow cytometry. These studies revealed that (i) many v6thymocytes andperipheral Tcells bearCD4and/or CD8 molecules, (a") Tcells bearing both afiandy8TCRsarescarce, and(ii) thymocyte subsets bearing TCR yvencoded by different combinations ofVy, andVia genesegments appear in waves during ontogeny. Oneofthemostcritical steps inthevertebrate immune response istherecognition ofantigens bylymphocytes. This taskisaccomplished bytwosets ofglycoproteins, immuno- globulins andT-cell antigen receptors (TCRs). Themost extraordinary feature ofthese proteins istheir structural variability, muchofwhich originates fromtheability ofthe encoding genesegments toundergo somatic rearrangement (1). AllTCRswereinitially thought tobecomposed ofa heterodimeric protein composed ofaand . subunits. How- ever, thesearch forthegenes encoding these polypeptides ledtotheidentification ofathird rearranging gene(2,3), which waslater showntocodeforoneofthetwosubunits of another heterodimer, TCRyS(4,5). Despite thestriking similarities intheoverall structure of their genes andpolypeptide chains, TCRySy andtheTcells whichexpress itaresignificantly different fromtheir a/3 counterparts. Forinstance, ySTcells aredetected inboth the thymus (6-10) andperipheral lymphoid organs (5,11,12)in relatively lowquantity (<5%ofTcells). However, ySTcells predominate (50-100%o) within epithilia, suchasepidermis (13, 14)andsmall intestine (15, 16). Furthermore, thema- jority ofySTcells inthethymus andspleen donotexpress either CD4orCD8molecules (5-12, 17), which arefound on mostafTcells. Finally, neither thespecificity ofySTCR recognition northefunction ofy8Tcells inimmunedefense isunderstood. Todetermine thenature oftheTCR'ye andtherole ofySy Tcells, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the native receptor wouldbeextremely useful. Thisreport de- scribes theisolation ofthree different TCR'yS mAbs,each having its ownspecificity fordistinct vyTcell populations. Initial characterization ofmousethymocytes andperipheral Tcells byusing these mAbsandothers directed atvarious T-cell surface markers revealed several newaspects ofy8T cells.
Investigations on the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Sisal Fiber/Chitosan Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Sandwich Composite Scaffolds for Bone Fracture Fixation Applications

This study aims to explore the mechanical properties of hybrid glass fiber (GF)/sisal fiber (SF)/chitosan (CTS) composite material for orthopedic long bone plate applications. The GF/SF/CTS hybrid composite possesses a unique sandwich structure and comprises GF/CTS/epoxy as the external layers and SF/CTS/epoxy as the inner layers. The composite plate resembles the human bone structure (spongy internal cancellous matrix and rigid external cortical). The mechanical properties of the prepared hybrid sandwich composites samples were evaluated using tensile, flexural, micro hardness, and compression tests. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were studied to analyze the failure mechanism of these composite samples. Besides, contact angle (CA) and water absorption tests were conducted using the sessile drop method to examine the wettability properties of the SF/CTS/epoxy and GF/SF/CTS/epoxy composites. Additionally, the porosity of the GF/SF/CTS composite scaffold samples were determined by using the ethanol infiltration method. The mechanical test results show that the GF/SF/CTS hybrid composites exhibit the bending strength of 343 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 146 MPa, and compressive strength of 380 MPa with higher Young’s modulus in the bending tests (21.56 GPa) compared to the tensile (6646 MPa) and compressive modulus (2046 MPa). Wettability study results reveal that the GF/SF/CTS composite scaffolds were hydrophobic (CA = 92.41° ± 1.71°) with less water absorption of 3.436% compared to the SF/CTS composites (6.953%). The SF/CTS composites show a hydrophilic character (CA = 54.28° ± 3.06°). The experimental tests prove that the GF/SF/CTS hybrid composite can be used for orthopedic bone fracture plate applications in future.
Incorporating an Increase in Plant-Based Food Choices into a Model of Culturally Responsive Care for Hispanic/Latino Children and Adults Who Are Overweight/Obese

Introduction: The national rate of obesity in US Hispanic/Latinos exceeds all other major ethnic subgroups and represents an important health disparity. Plant-based diet interventions that emphasize whole plant foods with minimal processing and less refined grains and sugar have shown great promise in control of obesity, but there is a paucity of data translating this treatment effect to disparate populations. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Healthy Eating Lifestyle Program (HELP) for accomplishing weight management in a hospital-based, family centered, culturally tailored, plant-based diet intervention for Hispanic/Latino children who were overweight or obese. Methods: Our mixed methods evaluation included: (1) A one arm study to measure changes in body mass index (BMI) from pre- to post-intervention, and (2) A stakeholder analysis of the program staff. Results: For children ages 5–12 years who were overweight/obese, we found no evidence of excess weight gain evidenced by BMI Z scores (Zpost-pre = −0.02, p = 0.11). Among the parent/guardians who were overweight or obese, we found a decrease in BMI that was stronger in men (BMI post-pre = −0.75 kg/m2, p = 0.01) than in women (BMI post-pre = −0.12 kg/m2, p = 0.30). A program strength was the cultural tailoring of the plant-based diet choices. Conclusions: The evaluation raises the possibility that incorporating intervention components of HELP (plant-based food choices, family-based, cultural tailoring) into pediatric weight management can improve the standard of care.
Dualité fonctionnelle des récepteurs des kinines en physiopathologie

Les kinines sont des peptides autacoides (hormones locales) et des neuromediateurs centraux impliques dans le controle cardiovasculaire, l’inflammation et la douleur. Leurs effets sont relayes par deux types de recepteurs couples aux proteines G: un recepteur B2, constitutif, et un recepteur B1, inductible en presence de cytokines, d’endotoxines ou de lesions tissulaires. Alors que le recepteur B2 contribue aux effets benefiques des inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine-I utilises dans le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires, il participe a la phase aigue de l’inflammation et de la douleur somatique et viscerale. Le recepteur B1 participe, quant a lui, a la phase chronique de ces reponses, et jouerait un role strategique dans les maladies ayant une forte composante immune telles que l’arthrite rhumatoide, la sclerose en plaques, le choc septique ou le diabete. Il possederait egalement une dualite fonctionnelle, se manifestant par une action protectrice (vis-a-vis de la sclerose en plaques et du choc septique, par exemple) ou deletere (dans le cas de la douleur et de l’inflammation). Ainsi, l’utilisation d’antagonistes de ces recepteurs comme agents therapeutiques necessite une evaluation rigoureuse de leurs effets.
Différenciation, fonction et contrôle de l’ostéoblaste

Les grandes etapes de l’osteogenese sont caracterisees par l’engagement, la proliferation et la differenciation de cellules souches pluripotentes, qui se differencient en osteoblastes fonctionnels charges de la synthese et de la mineralisation de la matrice osseuse. Le developpement de modeles cellulaires et genetiques a permis de mieux comprendre les mecanismes impliques dans le recrutement, la differenciation, la fonction et l’apoptose de l’osteoblaste. La differenciation des osteoblastes necessite l’expression coordonnee du facteur de transcription majeur Cbfa1/Runx2 et d’autres facteurs de transcription tels que msx-2, Dlx5 et Twist, qui controlent l’expression des genes cibles au cours de l’ossification endochondrale et membranaire. L’osteoblaste est controle de facon complexe par des facteurs systemiques et locaux dont certains mecanismes d’action ont ete identifies. De nombreux dysfonctionnements du recrutement, de la differenciation, ou de la fonction de l’osteoblaste sont a l’origine de maladies osseuses generalisees ou localisees. Le developpement des recherches dans ce domaine pourrait permettre l’identification de genes cibles regulateurs de l’osteoblastogenese et, a terme, de developper de nouvelles strategies pour stimuler l’osteoformation.
Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the analysis of acylglycerols in art and archeology.

Lipid characterization in art and archeology, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is an important research area in heritage science. Lipid-based materials have been used as food since ancient times, but also employed as illuminants and as ingredients in cosmetic, ritual, and pharmaceutical preparations. Both animal and plant lipids have also been processed to produce materials used in art and crafts, such as paint binders, varnishes, waterproofing agents, and coatings. Identifying the origin of the lipid materials is challenging when they are found in association with artistic historical objects. This is due to the inherent complex composition of lipids, their widespread occurrence, and the chemical alterations induced by ageing. The most common approach for lipid characterization in heritage objects entails profiling fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after saponification or transesterification. New developments in high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for the characterization of acylglycerols, together with more efficient sample treatments, have fostered the introduction of liquid chromatography for characterizing the lipid profile in heritage objects. This review reports the latest developments and applications of HPLC-MS for the characterization of lipid materials in the field of heritage science. We describe the various approaches for sample pretreatment and highlight the advantages and limitations of HPLC-MS in the analysis of paint and archeological samples. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Opinion: Midwater ecosystems must be considered when evaluating environmental risks of deep-sea mining

Despite rapidly growing interest in deep-sea mineral exploitation, environmental research and management have focused on impacts to seafloor environments, paying little attention to pelagic ecosystems. Nonetheless, research indicates that seafloor mining will generate sediment plumes and noise at the seabed and in the water column that may have extensive ecological effects in deep midwaters (1), which can extend from an approximate depth of 200 meters to 5 kilometers. Deep midwater ecosystems represent more than 90% of the biosphere (2), contain fish biomass 100 times greater than the global annual fish catch (3), connect shallow and deep-sea ecosystems, and play key roles in carbon export (4), nutrient regeneration, and provisioning of harvestable fish stocks (5). These ecosystem services, as well as biodiversity, could be negatively affected by mining. Here we argue that deep-sea mining poses significant risks to midwater ecosystems and suggest how these risks could be evaluated more comprehensively to enable environmental resource managers and society at large to decide whether and how deep-sea mining should proceed. Midwater animal biodiversity: Squid, fish, shrimp, copepods, medusa, filter-feeding jellies, and marine worms are among the midwater creatures that could be affected by deep sea mining. Photos by E. Goetze, K. Peijnenburg, D. Perrine, Hawaii Seafood Council (B. Takenaka, J. Kaneko), S. Haddock, J. Drazen, B. Robison, DEEPEND (Dante Fenolio), and MBARI. Interest in deep-sea mining for sulfide deposits near hydrothermal vents, polymetallic nodules on the abyssal seafloor, and cobalt-rich crusts on seamounts (6) has grown substantially in the last decade. Equipment and system development are already occurring. The International Seabed Authority (ISA), the international organization created under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to manage deep-sea mining beyond national jurisdiction, is developing mineral exploitation regulations, the Mining Code. Currently, 30 ISA exploration contracts cover over 1.5 million … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jdrazen{at}hawaii.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Placenta-specific 8 limits IFNγ production by CD4 T cells in vitro and promotes establishment of influenza-specific CD8 T cells in vivo

During type 1 immune responses, CD4 T helper 1 (Th1) cells and CD8 T cells are activated via IL-12 and contribute to the elimination of intracellular pathogens through interferon gamma (IFNγ) production. In this study, we identified Placenta-specific 8 (Plac8) as a gene that is uniquely expressed in Th1 CD4 T cells relative to other CD4 T cell subsets and hypothesized that Plac8 may represent a novel therapeutic target in Th1 CD4 T cells. First, we determined that Plac8 mRNA in CD4 T cells was induced following IL-12 stimulation via an indirect route that required new protein synthesis. Upon evaluating the functional relevance of Plac8 expression in Th1 CD4 T cells, we discovered that Plac8 was important for suppressing IFNγ mRNA and protein production by CD4 T cells 24 hours after IL-12 stimulation, however Plac8 did not contribute to pathogenic CD4 T cell function during two models of intestinal inflammation. We also noted relatively high basal expression of Plac8 in CD8 T cells which could be further induced following IL-12 stimulation in CD8 T cells. Furthermore, Plac8 expression was important for establishing an optimal CD8 T cell response against influenza A virus via a T cell-intrinsic manner. Altogether, these results implicate Plac8 as a potential regulator of Th1 CD4 and CD8 T cell responses during Th1 T cell-driven inflammation.
The role of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in autism

β-adrenergic receptor blockade has been demonstrated to benefit individuals with autism. Genetic studies have identified numerous factors linking β-adrenergic receptor blockade to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including β- adrenergic receptor variants, human leukocyte antigen genes, apoptotics factor caspase-3, glycogen synthetase kinase-3β, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. β-adrenergic receptor blockade has also been implicated in ASD via its effects on myelin basic protein, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. β- adrenergic receptor blockade may have a significant role in ASD.Therefore, the characterization of β-adrenergic receptor blockade in individuals with ASD is needed.
Compensatory Recruitment, Growth, and Mortality as Factors Maintaining Rain Forest Tree Diversity

One general hypothesis to explain how forest tree diversity is maintained is that rarer species are favored over commoner species in their reproduction, growth, and/or mortality. Mechanisms acting in this way would continually compensate for the tendency of some species to increase at the expense of others, and would reduce the chance of local extinction of rare species. Two hypotheses concerning such compensatory mechanisms were tested in subtropical and tropical evergreen rain forests in Queensland, Australia. Hypothesis 1: on the scale of 1—2 ha, commoner species have lower rates of recruitment and growth and higher rates of mortality than do rarer ones. This hypothesis was tested using abundances either of adults or of members of the same size—class, and was rejected for growth and mortality and for recruitment of over—story species, but not rejected for recruitment in subcanopy and understory species in either forest. Hypothesis 2: the close proximity of other individuals is more deleterious (i.e., causes slower growth or higher mortality) if they are the same species than if they are different species. This hypothesis was accepted for growth or survival of nearest neighbors in several of the seedling size—classes in both forests. In contrast, increased densities of the same species in quadrats had no more deleterious effect on growth and survival than did increased densities of different species. At the scale of proximity to adults, hypothesis 2 predicts that young trees have higher mortality nearer conspecific adults than farther away. In both forests, 90% of the species tested showed no such pattern of mortality of seedlings or saplings, nor was the strength or direction of the deviation from equal mortality correlated with the abundance of adults of that species. Field experiments gave the same results. In summary, tests of both hypotheses showed that some compensatory trends occurred and that these were very similar in the two forests. The mechanisms producing these compensatory trends may be attacks by natural enemies (grazers, pathogenic fungi, etc.), interference, or, less likely, competition for resources.
A proposal for addressing security issues related to dynamic code loading on Android platform

One of the constant challenges faced by the Android community, when it comes to the safety of the end users, is the ability of applications to load code dynamically. This mechanism may be used for both legitimate and malicious purposes. A particular problem is the fact that remote code is not analyzed during the veriﬁcation process because it doesn’t have to be present in the application package at the publishing time. Previous research has shown that using this concept in an insecure way can cause serious consequences for the user and his device. Solving this problem has proved to be a big challenge that many have tried to address in different ways. This paper deals with the problem of dynamic code loading on Android platform. For the purpose of this paper, an application that demonstrates the abuse of the dynamic code loading concept has been developed and published in the Google Play Store. Also, a proposal of the modiﬁed Android ecosystem that should address this problem and improve the security of the whole platform is given.
Structural and Dynamic Insight into Hirudin Epitopes-HLA- DRB1 0101 Complexes and their Modified Peptide Ligands: A Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study

Purpose: To develop a hirudin therapeutic protein that eliminates unwanted immune response. Methods: Molecular dynamic simulation was performed on immunodominant hirudin epitopes 1-15 and 13-27 and its analog, modified peptide ligands (MPLs), namely, [Lys 4 ] Hir1-15 and [Gly 9 ] Hir1-15, [Gly 21 ] Hir13-27 and [Lys 21 ] Hir13-27. The selected epitopes were modeled and 20 ns of molecular dynamics simulation was performed on peptide-HLA1 0101 and MPLs-HLA1 0101 complexes to gain a better understanding of molecular recognition mechanisms of MHC peptide binding. Characterization of the process was done by evaluation of root mean square deviation (RMSD) and total energy of binding. Result: All complexes of MPLs-HLA-DRB1 0101 showed thermodynamically unstable structure in comparison with native epitopes-HLA-DRB1 0101. The findings indicate that these analogs have different orientation in HLA grooves and are not available for suitable interaction with HLA-DRB1 0101. Conclusion: Altogether, the results show the potentials of predictive methods and molecular modeling in molecular mimicry of peptide-MHC interaction and provide insights into the binding characteristics of antigen presentation mechanism.
Insulin-like Growth Factor I Controls Adhesion Strength Mediated by α5β1 Integrins in Motile Carcinoma Cells

One of the intriguing questions regarding cell motility concerns the mechanism that makes stationary cells move. Here, we provide the first physical evidence that the onset of breast cancer cell motility in response to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) correlates with lowering of adhesion strength from 2.52 0.20 to 1.52 0.13 dynes/m 2 in cells attached to fibronectin via 51 integrin. The adhesion strength depends on the dose of IGF-I and time of IGF-I treatment. Weakening of cell–matrix adhesion is blocked significantly (p < 0.01) by the catalytically inactive IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase) inhibitor LY-294002, but it is unaffected by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor UO-126 and Src kinase inhibitor PP2. Sustained blockade of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) with Y-27632 down-regulates adhesion strength in stationary, but not in IGF-I-treated, cells. Jasplakinolide, a drug that prevents actin filament disassembly, counteracts the effect of IGF-I on integrin-mediated cell adhesion. In the absence of growth factor signaling, ROCK supports a strong adhesion via 51 integrin, whereas activation of the IGF-IR kinase reduces cell–matrix adhesion through a PI-3K– dependent, but ROCK-independent, mechanism. We propose that disassembly of the actin filaments via PI-3 kinase pathway contributes to weakening of adhesion strength and induction of cell movement. Understanding how cell adhesion and migration are coordinated has an important application in cancer research, developmental biology, and tissue bioengineering.
Prognostic utility of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-related markers in patients with coronary artery disease

TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-related biomarkers, including TRL-cholesterol (TRL-C), remnant-like lipoprotein particle-cholesterol (RLP-C), and apoC-III have been associated with atherosclerosis. However, their prognostic values have not been fully determined, especially in patients with previous CAD. This study aimed to examine the associations of TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III with incident cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the setting of secondary prevention of CAD. Plasma TRL-C, RLP-C, and total apoC-III were directly measured. A total of 4,355 participants with angiographically confirmed CAD were followed up for the occurrence of CVEs. During a median follow-up period of 5.1 years (interquartile range: 3.9–6.4 years), 543 (12.5%) events occurred. Patients with incident CVEs had significantly higher levels of TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III than those without events. Multivariable Cox analysis indicated that a log unit increase in TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III increased the risk of CVEs by 49% (95% CI: 1.16–1.93), 21% (95% CI: 1.09–1.35), and 40% (95% CI: 1.11–1.77), respectively. High TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III were also independent predictors of CVEs in individuals with LDL-C levels ≤1.8 mmol/l (n = 1,068). The addition of RLP-C level to a prediction model resulted in a significant increase in discrimination, and all three TRL biomarkers improved risk reclassification. Thus, TRL-C, RLP-C, and apoC-III levels were independently associated with incident CVEs in Chinese CAD patients undergoing statin therapy.