Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a goal programming model for optimization of truck allocation in open pit mines

Truck and shovel operations comprise approximately 60% of the total operating costs in open pit mines. In order to increase productivity and reduce the cost of mining operations, it is essential to manage the equipment used with high efficiency. In this work, the chance-constrained goal programing (CCGP) model presented by Michalakopoulos and Panagiotou is developed to determine an optimal truck allocation plan in open pit mines and reduce the waiting times of trucks and shovels. The developed goal programming (GP) model is established considering four desired goals: “maximizing shovel production”, “minimizing deviations in head grade”, “minimizing deviations in tonnage feed to the processing plants from the desired feed” and “minimizing truck operating costs”. To employ the developed model, a software is prepared in Visual Studio with C# programming language. In this computer program, the CPLEX optimizer software is incorporated for solving the developed goal programing model. The case study of Sungun copper mine is also considered to evaluate the presented GP model and prepared software. The results obtained indicate that the developed model increases the mine production above 20.6% with respect to the traditional truck allocation plan, while meeting the desired grade and the stripping ratio constraints.
Requirements Engineering and Its Role in Mobile Telephone Industry Development

This paper deals with the requirements engineering(RE) for developers of mobile telephones, and its role in mobile telephones technology development. RE is one of the most critical task in mobile telephones industry activities, because of the highly dynamic market change, especially in mobile telephony devices to meet the market needs in short time. In mobile telecommunication devices, to meet the market needs in short time RE must be properly involved in the life cycle of the development process. However, it is too often regarded as useless and overly time consuming, because nonfunctional and functional requirements can be elicited using separate teams and process, on the other hand by using RE process in product life cycle, RE tools increase productivity and quality, customer is properly managed. In this paper we proposed main problems that stand on the way towards an optimal RE practices in mobile telephone sector. Successful product development depends gradually on collaboration between the many individuals and teams involvement including system engineers, software engineers, electronic and telecommunication engineers and the engineering director, also a high degree of cooperation between the industry and research world is essential in order to achieve success in RE phase of product development in mobile phone industry.
Agents, Institutions and Regions in Transition

The goal in this paper is to sketch a line of approach which may help order considerations of transition in various regions. Adjustments to change can occur in various ways, and they do. Dealing with such diversity is a challenge for analysts and policy makers in various sectors, regions and organisations. The regional analyst has particular issues in dealing with diversity both within and between regions for which existing tools and approaches provide only partial support. Agents are a key and dynamic part of any region. They combine perceptions, decision making and activity in pursuit of selected interests. Their actions have impacts, including on enterprise, societal and regional development. They stand in contrast to the markedly more limited decision maker and the determinable system. Their potential contribution to understanding transition and regional development appears little recognised. Of particular interest is the active agent who is sensitive to institutions and other contextual aspects. A socio-environmental rational agent (SERA) is presented. Its use provides a promising and more adequate way to advance understanding of regional transition issues. It is a more adequate formulation that the conventional self-interested rationalist (SIR). This is demonstrated conceptually and through a European case application. Institutions are recognised as a key part of a transition economy or society. Their explicit incorporation allows specific framing of key aspects of transition. Determinable solutions are not expected. Rather heuristics, simulations and specific methods as explored in this paper enable regional possibilities to be more clearly grasped.
Relative efficiency within a tax administration: The effects of result improvement

This paper analyses the Spanish tax administration, evaluating the relative efficiency of each of the regional offices that are its constituent parts via output-oriented two-stage data envelopment analysis. In the study, a total of 47 regional offices were analysed, considering three inputs: 1) current expenditure in goods and services; 2) number of tax returns processed in terms of the two main direct taxes; and, 3) personnel numbers. Revenue resulting from tax assessments was considered as output. The analysis shows that the efficient action of regional offices might have increased by 21.6% the results of the management of this administration.
Above- and belowground phytomass and carbon storage in a Belgian Scots pine stand

Nous avons etudie le stockage du carbone dans le sol, dans la litiere et dans differents compartiments de la phytomasse d'une plantation de pins sylvestres (Pinus sylvestris L.), âges de 69 ans, localisee a Brasschaat, region de la Campine, Belgique. La quantite totale de carbone stockee au niveau de cette plantation etait de 248,9 t ha -1 . 47 % etaient localises dans la matiere organique du sol, 11 % dans la litiere, et 42 % dans la phytomasse. Plus de 60 % de la quantite totale de carbone se trouvait dans le sous-sol. La quantite de carbone contenue dans la phytomasse etait de 212 t ha -1 . La plus grande partie de ce dernier a ete trouve dans les tiges (70 %). Le systeme racinaire etait tres superficiel et ne contenait que 14 % du carbone de la phytomasse, principalement localise dans les grosses racines. Bien que la longueur des racines fines et vivantes ait ete importante (3,3 km m -2 ), elles ne representaient que 2 % de la phytomasse totale.
Intellectual Performance Analysis of Students byUsing Data Mining Techniques

Education Data Mining concerns the prediction of school failures in different levels such as primary, secondary and higher level. This paper intends to analysis the students’ performance in different categories of measurements. In this analysis categorize the college student’s academic performance for Villupuram district. Based on the clustering methods such as centroid based, distribution based and density based clustering. Cluster includes groups with small distance among the cluster members. The performance of student’s multi-level of optimization formulated by using clustering. In centroid based clustering, clusters are represented by a central vector. The number of clusters is fixed to k, k-means clustering gives a formal definition as an optimization problem. The clustering model most closely related to statistics is based on distribution model. Experiments attempts to improve the accuracy by using the method of Gaussian mixture model. The data set is modeled with a fixed number of Gaussian distribution that is initialized randomly and the parameters are iteratively optimized to fit better to the data set. The density based clustering method is a linkage based clustering. The range parameter e produces a hierarchical result related to that of linkage clustering. Clustering can be represents in a large range of classifications and applications. K-means algorithm categorizes the large dataset. In this analysis use genetically improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to model the students level. The GAI-PSO algorithm searches the solution space to find the optimal result. The processing of refining use the k-means algorithm.
Nonlinear Instabilities of Multi‐Site Breathers in Klein–Gordon Lattices

We explore the possibility of multi‐site breather states in a nonlinear Klein–Gordon lattice to become nonlinearly unstable, even if they are found to be spectrally stable. The mechanism for this nonlinear instability is through the resonance with the wave continuum of a multiple of an internal mode eigenfrequency in the linearization of excited breather states. For the nonlinear instability, the internal mode must have its Krein signature opposite to that of the wave continuum. This mechanism is not only theoretically proposed, but also numerically corroborated through two concrete examples of the Klein–Gordon lattice with a soft (Morse) and a hard (ϕ4) potential. Compared to the case of the nonlinear Schrödinger lattice, the Krein signature of the internal mode relative to that of the wave continuum may change depending on the period of the multi‐site breather state. For the periods for which the Krein signatures of the internal mode and the wave continuum coincide, multi‐site breather states are observed to be nonlinearly stable.
Proteome coverage prediction with variants of the Chinese restaurant process construction

The characterization of complex protein mixtures is an essential task in proteomics. The predominant approach is shotgun proteomics a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method which detects proteins by means of peptides obtained after enzymatic digestion. In order to identify as many proteins of the mixture as possible, i.e. to maximize the proteome coverage, the experiments have to be extensively repeated. Proteome coverage at an early stage of experimentation avoids uninformative experiments. Recently, an in nite Markov model has been proposed to address the task of proteome coverage prediction [1]. The goal of this work is to explore model and inference variants of the in nite Markov model to improve proteome coverage prediction. We examine model variants covering Dirichlet and Pitman-Yor processes. For parameter inference we either use the maximum likelihood method or a fully Bayesian approach. Experiments on simulated data ensure that the models work properly for di erent parameter settings. Further tests on a set of real data from LC-MS/MS experiments show that model variants based on Pitman-Yor processes extrapolate more precise than those based on Dirichlet processes. Finally, we discuss the in uence of the discretization approximation introduced by the in nite Markov model on the estimated parameters and the proteome coverage prediction performance. Acknowledgments I would like to say thanks to Manfred Claassen for the excellent support. With his profound knowledge and great experience in machine learning and biology he could always feed me with new input and help me to see the problems from di erent angles. In the countless discussions I appreciated his helpful and patient manner. Also I would like to thank Prof. Joachim M. Buhmann for his supervision and all the others that helped me with this thesis. Table of
Assessing the status of biological control as a management tool for suppression of invasive alien plants in South Africa

Background : Biological control of invasive alien plants (IAPs) using introduced natural enemies contributes significantly to sustained, cost-effective management of natural resources in South Africa. The status of, and prospects for, biological control is therefore integral to National Status Reports (NSRs) on Biological Invasions, the first of which is due in 2017. Objectives : Our aim was to evaluate the status of, and prospects for, biological control of IAPs in South Africa. We discuss expansion of biological control and suggest indicators to be used in the upcoming NSR to assess sufficient growth. Method : We used published literature, unpublished work and personal communication to assess the status of biological control of IAPs. We propose indicators based on the targets for biological control that were proposed in the 2014 ‘National Strategy for dealing with biological invasions in South Africa’. To prioritise targets for future efforts, we used published lists of damaging IAPs and assessed the prospects for their biological control. Recommendations for using biological control as a management tool were made after discussion among the authors and with colleagues. Results : Significant control of several Cactaceae, Australian Acacia species and floating aquatic plants, and many other IAPs has been achieved in South Africa since 1913. Recently, biological control has benefited from improved international collaboration, a streamlined application process for the release of new biological control agents (resulting in the approval of 19 agents against 13 IAP species since 2013), and increased funding and capacity. There is still a need to improve implementation and to better integrate biological control with other control methods. In order to maximise benefits from biological control, increased investment is required, particularly in implementation and post-release evaluation, and in targeting new IAPs. Proposed targets for growth between 2017 and 2020 include an increase in financial investment in research by 29%, implementation by 28% and mass-rearing by 68%. Research capacity should increase by 29%, implementation capacity by 63% and mass-rearing capacity by 61%. New research projects should be initiated on 12 new IAP targets, while post-release monitoring efforts should be expanded to another 31 IAPs. Conclusion : Biological control of IAPs has contributed substantially to their management in South Africa, and continues to do so. Further investment in targeted aspects of IAP biological control will increase this contribution.
State Repression and the Tyrannical Peace

Existing literature on state repression generally ignores the diversity that exists within autocracies. At present, different political systems are collapsed together, leaving unique approaches to political order unexamined. This limitation is important for policymakers, activists, and everyday citizens around the world seeking new ways to reduce government coercion. Within this study, the author explores an alternative path to decreasing repression — a `tyrannical peace'. Examining 137 countries from 1976 to 1996, he finds that single-party regimes are generally less repressive than other autocracies. Results also show that military governments decrease civil liberties restriction and the end of the Cold War has varied influences on repression, depending upon the form considered and whether this variable is interacted with another. There are thus alternative routes to peace, but these routes are not equally robust. The implications of this analysis are threefold. First, those interested in understanding why states restrict civil liberties and violate human rights must disaggregate their conceptions of system type and repression. Second, policymakers must adjust their approach to reducing state repression according to the type of authoritarian government they are confronted with. Third, advocates for human rights must accept that, in lieu of full democratization, alternatives exist.
Armine Ishkanian Democracy promotion and civil society

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Ruminal methanogenesis and its alternatives

Methanogenesis is the terminal step in carbon flow in many anaerobic habitats including marine and freshwater sediments, marshes and swamps, rice paddies, geothermal habitats, anaerobic sewage digestion systems and animal gastrointestinal tracts. Biological methanogenesis plays a major role in the carbon cycle on earth. Methane escaping from anaerobic habitats can serve as a carbon and energy source for aerobic methanotrophic bacteria or can escape to the atmosphere, where it is a major participant in atmospheric chemical reactions and is an important greenhouse gas (Zinder, 1993). The rumen and the large intestine of humans and monogastric animals, do not completely convert organic matter to CH 4 and C0 2. They accumulate high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (c.a. 60 mM acetate, 20 mM propionate and 10 mM butyrate) which are available to the animal host as an energy source. The predominant substrates for methanogens in these ecosystems are H2 and C0 2. A major difference between intestinal ecosystems and complete bioconversion systems is the turnover time. Digestive ecosystems have turnover times of approximately 1 to 2 days, while in complete conversion systems the turnover times are weeks to months (Miller, 1991 Thus, the slowgrowing fatty acids oxiders and acetogenic methanogens cannot be sustained in intestinal
Determinants of fertility in Kenya: a comparative study of Western and Central provinces

Kenya has undergone a dramatic fertility transition with total fertility rate declining from 8.2 births per woman in the late 1970s to 4.7 towards the end of the 1990s. The 1998 and 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey revealed that Kenyan fertility increased marginally from 4.7 to 4.9 revealing a stall in fertility. In Kenya regional variation in fertility levels have been experienced. For instance in Central province fertility declined from 3.7 in 1998 to 3.4 in 2003 while Western province recorded a rise from 5.6 to 5.8 during the same period. However there are limited studies focusing on fertility differentials at regional levels in Kenya and the factors responsible for fertility differentials in these two regions are not clearly known. This study therefore sought to establish the factors responsible for fertility differentials between Western and Central province. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence fertility levels among women of reproductive age group in Western and Central provinces in Kenya. The specific objectives were; to determine whether some selected socio-economic factors influence fertility differentials between Western and Central province; to establish how some selected demographic factors influence fertility differentials between Western and Central province; and to examine the influence of socio-cultural factors such as, age at first marriage, marriage patterns on fertility levels in Western and Central provinces. Data was obtained from women aged 15-49 years who had given numerical responses to the question on total children ever born interviewed during 2003 KDHS. The sample size was 1,314 and 991 of women in Central and Western province respectively. John Bongaarts (1978) framework was used to conceptualize the study. The dependent variable was total children ever born. The study variables were marital status, place of residence, wealth index, education level, age at first birth, age at first marriage, ideal number of children, contraceptive use by method, type of marriage, and work status. The tools of data analysis were simple and multivariate linear regression. The results of simple linear regression showed that, place of residence, wealth index, education level, and
Amended Data on Arginine Utilization by Spiroplasma Species

Hydrolysis of arginine is a classical diagnostic test for species in the mollicute order Entomoplasmatales. In this paper we report data for arginine utilization by spiroplasmas, as determined by standard methods. In addition, modified methods were developed for fastidious spiroplasmas, such as strain LD-1T (T = type strain), the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma. Twenty-one spiroplasma strains representing 13 groups or subgroups and eight ungrouped spiroplasmas (seven of which represent putative groups) were studied. The arginine reactions of eight strains were the same as the reactions reported previously, but previously reported positive tests for spiroplasma subgroups I-5 and I-6 (Spiroplasma insolitum) could not be repeated, and the data for the latter taxa are corrected. Although other workers have reported that addition of carbohydrate to media may be necessary for the utilization of arginine, the presence of glucose tended to obscure arginine hydrolysis in our studies.
The State of Applied Econometrics - Causality and Policy Evaluation

In this paper we discuss recent developments in econometrics that we view as important for empirical researchers working on policy evaluation questions. We focus on three main areas, where in each case we highlight recommendations for applied work. First, we discuss new research on identification strategies in program evaluation, with particular focus on synthetic control methods, regression discontinuity, external validity, and the causal interpretation of regression methods. Second, we discuss various forms of supplementary analyses to make the identification strategies more credible. These include placebo analyses as well as sensitivity and robustness analyses. Third, we discuss recent advances in machine learning methods for causal effects. These advances include methods to adjust for differences between treated and control units in high-dimensional settings, and methods for identifying and estimating heterogeneous treatment effects.
Design and Psychometric of Smoking Cessation Instrument according to Precaution Adoption Process Model in Patients Hospitalized in Hospitals Affiliated to Medical University of Babol, Iran, during 2017

Background and Objective: There is no standard questionnaire on smoking cessation in smokers according to precaution adoption process model (PAPM). Therefore, the present study aimed to design and psychometrically evaluate a smoking cessation instrument in patients hospitalized in Babol, Iran, according to PAPM. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and instrument validation study. In this study, 470 smokers hospitalized in hospitals affiliated to the Medical University of Babol, Iran, were selected based on the available sampling method. Those who were highly dependent on nicotine were selected. The designed questionnaire was examined in terms of face validity, content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency. The reliability of the questionnaire was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and internal consistency. Results: Most of the people were with moderate dependence on nicotine (86%) at the fourth level (28.9%) of the pattern. The results of content validity showed content validity ratio of 0.83 and content validity index of 0.98. Seven factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis according to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and Bartlett test were 0.93 and 1124.63, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of instruments for 470 subjects were extracted with X2 and degree of freedom of 2.86, mean of error square of 0.06, goodness of fit index of 0.9, and adaptive goodness of fit of 0.9 Cronbach’s alpha (0.93) and correlation (0.99) confirmed the reliability of instrument in test–retest method. Conclusion: The findings showed that smoking cessation instrument based on PAPM has acceptable reliability and validity to determine the behavior of smoking in smoker men and can be used in studies on change in behavior and designing intervention programs to stop smoking.