Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Outline In this chapter the mechanisms of transport and remineralization of organic matter in the dark water-column and sediments of the oceans are reviewed. We compare the different approaches to estimate respiration rates, and discuss the discrepancies obtained by the different methodologies. Finally, a respiratory carbon budget is produced for the dark ocean, which includes vertical and lateral fluxes of organic matter. In spite of the uncertainties inherent in the different approaches to estimate carbon fluxes and oxygen consumption in the dark ocean, estimates vary only by a factor of 1.5. Overall, direct measurements of respiration, as well as indirect approaches, converge to suggest a total dark ocean respiration of 1.5–1.7 Pmol C a −1 . Carbon mass balances in the dark ocean suggest that the dark ocean receives 1.5–1.6 Pmol C a −1 , similar to the estimated respiration, of which >70% is in the form of sinking particles. Almost all the organic matter (∼92%) is remineralized in the water column, the burial in sediments accounts for <1%. Mesopelagic (150–1000 m) respiration accounts for ∼70% of dark ocean respiration, with average integrated rates of 3–4 mol C m −2 a −1 , 6–8 times greater than in the bathypelagic zone (∼0.5 mol C m −2 a −1 ). The results presented here renders respiration in the dark ocean a major component of the carbon flux in the biosphere, and should promote research in the dark ocean, with the aim of better constraining the role of the biological pump in the removal and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Latent Variable Models Under Misspecification: Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) Estimators

This article compares maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to three variants of two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation in structural equation models. The authors use models that are both correctly and incorrectly specified. Simulated data are used to assess bias, efficiency, and accuracy of hypothesis tests. Generally, 2SLS with reduced sets of instrumental variables performs similarly to ML when models are correctly specified. Under correct specification, both estimators have little bias except at the smallest sample sizes and are approximately equally efficient. As predicted, when models are incorrectly specified, 2SLS generally performs better, with less bias and more accurate hypothesis tests. Unless a researcher has tremendous confidence in the correctness of his or her model, these results suggest that a 2SLS estimator should be considered.
Security Filters for IoT Domain Isolation Dr .

Network segregation is key to the security of the Internet of Things but also to the security of more traditional critical infrastructures or SCADA systems that need to be more and more connected and allow for remote operations. We believe traditional firewalls or data diodes are not sufficient considering the new issues at stake and that a new generation of filters is needed to replace or complement existing protections in these
5 A Practical Approach for Motion Planning of Wheeled Mobile Robots

Wheeled Mobile Robots (WMR) have been widely studied in the past fifteen years. Due to kinematic constraints, many WMR are not integrable (non-holonomic). Therefore, standard techniques developed for robot manipulators are not directly applicable. In particular, the motion planning of WMR is still a relevant issue. Examples of motion planning for WMR are available in the literature (Latombe, 1991; Laumond et al., 1997; Gracia & Tornero, 2003; Borenstein & Koren, 1989). On the other hand, the singularity of WMR kinematics must be avoided since it implies slip or impossible control actions (Gracia & Tornero, 2007a). In the same way, in the vicinity of singularities there is high amplification of active joints’ error or high values for active joints. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to develop a practical approach for motion planning of WMR based on avoiding singularities. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the kinematics of WMR considering four types of wheels: fixed, centered orientable (hereinafter orientable), castor and Swedish. Afterwards, section 3 discusses the possibilities for motion planning and develops a cost index based on singularity. To illustrate the applications of the proposed motion planning an industrial forklift is considered and several simulation results are shown. Finally, section 4 points out the more outstanding contributions of this research.
Energetic and entropic elasticity of nonisothermal flowing polymers: Experiment, theory, and simulation

The thermodynamical aspects of polymeric liquids subjected to nonisothermal flow are examined from the complementary perspectives of theory, experiment, and simulation. In particular, attention is paid to the energetic effects, in addition to the entropic ones, that occur under conditions of extreme deformation. Comparisons of experimental measurements of the temperature rise generated under elongational flow at high strain rates with macroscopic finite element simulations offer clear evidence of the persistence and importance of energetic effects under severe deformation. The performance of various forms of the temperature equation are evaluated with regard to experiment, and it is concluded that the standard form of this evolution equation, arising from the concept of purely entropic elasticity, is inadequate for describing nonisothermal flow processes of polymeric liquids under high deformation. Complete temperature equations, in the sense that they possess a direct and explicit dependence on the energ.
Improving service quality in highway passenger transportation: a case study using quality function deployment

The highly competitive market conditions in the passenger transportation industry pressure service provider firms to adopt an attitude of customer-oriented service quality. Even though the service quality of passenger transportation has been a concern in the literature, how the service quality of highway passenger transportation systems could be improved using a systematic approach has not been investigated. Using Quality Function Deployment (QFD), this is the first attempt to improve the quality of highway passenger transportation services. The analysis reveals that the passengers’ most important expectations are employees’ empathetic approach toward customers, technical specifications of buses, error-free services, and competent employees. Additionally, the most important technical requirements are employee-oriented technical requirements, technical specifications of buses, and error-free services in highway passenger transportation.
APPLICATION OF DGT SAMPLERS IN MONITORING OF MINE WATERS OF THE WITWATERSRAND GOLDFIELDS , RSA

s of the International Mine Water Conference 19 – 23 October 2009 Proceedings ISBN Number: 978-0-9802623-5-3 Pretoria, South Africa Produced by: Document Transformation Technologies cc Conference organised by: Cilla Taylor Conferences APPLICATION OF DGT SAMPLERS IN MONITORING OF MINE WATERS OF THE WITWATERSRAND GOLDFIELDS, RSA
A Multifunctional Solution for Acne Prone Skin with a Single Natural Active Ingredient

Innovative Sunscreen with Cooling Effect for Protection in the VIS and NIR Regions for Asian Skin Type sun care Glycolipids – a New Era in Natural Cleansing Exploring Nature-like Elements for Antimicrobial Preservation Efficacy A Natural Ingredient Meets Current Expectations of the German Skin Care Market A Multifunctional Solution for Acne Prone Skin with a Single Natural Active Ingredient natural ingredients
Student Involvement Teacher Involvement Formative Assessment Summative Assessment Oral Feedback at Student Meetings On-Demand Artifact Feedback Final Feedback Report Individual Student Interviews Individual Student Report Grading Criteria Student Coaching Individual Teacher Assessment

Larger project courses, such as capstone projects, are essential in a modern computing curriculum. Assessing such projects is, however, extremely challenging. There are various aspects and tradeoffs of assessments that can affect the quality of a project course. Individual assessments can give fair grading of individuals, but may loose focus of the project as a group activity. Extensive teacher involvement is necessary for objective assessment, but may affect the way students are working. Continuous feedback to students can enhance learning, but may be hard to combine with fair assessment. Most previous work is focusing on some specific assessment aspect, whereas we in this paper present an assessment model that consists of a collection of assessment activities, each covering different aspects. We have applied, developed, and improved these activities during a six-year period and evaluated their usefulness by performing a questionnaire-based survey.
A New Hybrid Password Authentication System

Most graphical password system only has one technique – they may be either recall-based or recognitionbased graphical password systems. This password system offers the use of both techniques at once. By using a drag-anddrop picture password system that has been configured to record the order of the password, it combines both recalland recognition-based password systems. A successful combination will enable users to register and authenticate themselves with this system. Keywords-component; graphical password; recall-based password; recognition-based password
An asteroseismic study of the O9V star HD 46202 from CoRoT space-based photometry

The O9V star HD46202, which is a member of the young open cluster NGC 2244, was observed by the CoRoT satellite in October/November 2008 during a short run of 34 days. From the very high-precision light curve, we clearly detect β Cep-like pulsation frequencies with amplitudes of ∼0.1 mmag and below. A comparison with stellar models was performed using a χ 2 as a measure for the goodness-of-fit between the observed and theoretically computed frequencies. The physical parameters of our best-fitting models are compatible with the ones deduced spectroscopically. A core overshooting parameter αov = 0.10 ± 0.05 pressure scale height is required. None of the observed frequencies are theoretically excited with the input physics used in our study. More theoretical work is thus needed to overcome this shortcoming in how we understand the excitation mechanism of pulsation modes in such a massive star. A similar excitation problem has also been encountered for certain pulsation modes in β Cep stars recently modelled asteroseismically.
Indole-3-carbinol : A glucosinolate derivative from cruciferous vegetables for prevention and complementary treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women today. Despite improved therapies, only every second woman with breast cancer can expect cure. If cancer is metastatic at diagnosis, or recurs with metastases, then treatment is limited to palliative measures only, and cure is usually not expected. Under these circumstances, quality of life as well as overall survival of the patient is significantly reduced. It is therefore advisable for patients, their physicians, and the entire society at large, to search for more effective and less toxic treatment methods and develop better prevention strategies that can reduce the burden of this cancer on the individual patient and society as a whole. Indole-3-carbinol, a glucosinolate derivative from cruciferous vegetables, seems to be a strong candidate to achieve these goals. It is abundantly available, well tolerated and non-toxic. Sufficient amounts for prevention of breast cancer can be taken up by daily consumption of cruciferous vegetables. Higher, therapeutic concentrations can be achieved with certain food supplements or functional foods. Indole-3carbinol is known to have cancer preventive properties, reduces development and propagation of metastases, and enhances the therapeutic effects of various standard chemotherapy as well as other drugs used in conventional treatment regimens.
Patterns of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and liver enzymes in adult HIV seropositive cases -

Objectives: HIV/AIDS is a rapidly growing epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4+ T-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. This study is therefore designed to evaluate the CD4+ T-cell count and liver enzymes of adult HIV seropositive subjects receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and those yet to be started on HAART as well as HIV seronegative control subjects. Methods: Serum levels of CD4+ counts of subjects were determined using flow cytometry while their serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined using enzymatic spectrophotometric method. Results: Serum ALT was found to be significantly increased in the HAART group as compared with those of the two other groups. In addition, serum ALP was significantly increased in the HAART group as compared with the control subjects, while serum AST was higher in the HAART group as compared with the HAART naive group. Conclusion: HAART is associated with hepatotoxicity, thus, it is recommended that liver enzymes should be measured before and periodically after antiretroviral therapy is initiated and/or when HAART regimen is switched, as this will serve a good index for disease monitoring and/or progression.
RedDroid: Android Application Redundancy Customization Based on Static Analysis

Smartphone users are installing more and bigger apps. At the meanwhile, each app carries considerable amount of unused stuff, called software bloat, in its apk file. As a result, the resources of a smartphone, such as hard disk and network bandwidth, has become even more insufficient than ever before. Therefore, it is critical to investigate existing apps on the market and apps in development to identify the sources of software bloat and develop techniques and tools to remove the bloat. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of software bloat in Android applications, and categorize them into two types, compile-time redundancy and install-time redundancy. In addition, we further propose a static analysis based approach to identifying and removing software bloat from Android applications. We implemented our approach in a prototype called RedDroid, and we evaluated RedDroid on thousands of Android applications collected from Google Play. Our experimental results not only validate the effectiveness of our approach, but also report the bloatware issue in real-world Android applications for the first time.
Prognostic Significance of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction Pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been considered a prognostic factor in various cancers. However, the application of PLR in the assessment of patients with cholangiocarcinoma remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment PLR in cholangiocarcinoma. Methods A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify studies assessing the prognostic significance of the pretreatment PLR in cholangiocarcinoma. Three databases were searched from inception to August 5, 2018. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcomes were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results A total of 9 studies including 2395 patients were finally enrolled in the meta-analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of the included studies were retrospective observational cohorts. Elevated PLR predicted poor OS (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.19-1.62, P < 0.001) and RFS or PFS (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.27-1.88; P < 0.001). Moreover, elevated PLR was highly associated with male sex (male versus female OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44-0.80, P < 0.001) and R1 resection margin (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.24-3.54, P = 0.006). Conclusion The present meta-analysis demonstrated that pretreatment PLR might serve as a useful prognostic biomarker in cholangiocarcinoma.
Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism of thrombospondin-1 and acute myocardial infarction

Background: Thrombospondin (TSP) gene is a candidate gene for susceptibility to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). No consensus has been reached yet as to the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of TSP-1 and susceptibility to AMI. This study focused on the correlation between the N700S SNP in TSP-1 and AMI in the Chinese population. Material and methods: SNP phenotyping of TSP-1 N700S was performed for 436 AMI cases and 450 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to analyze the correlation between the N700S SNP in TSP-1 and susceptibility to AMI. Results: Of all cases studied, we found no obvious correlation between the N700S SNP in TSP-1 and susceptibility to AMI (χ2=2.767, P=0.251). After stratification by influence factors, the frequency of AG+GG genotypes was 1.776 times of that of AA genotype among cases aged above 55 years old (OR=1.776, 95% CI=1.034-3.050, P=0.037); the difference was of statistical significance between different age groups. Conclusion: For the Chinese population, the N700S SNP in TSP-1 was not obviously correlated with susceptibility to AMI. But for the older age group, the risk of AMI among cases carrying AG+GG genotypes was higher compared to cases carrying AA genotype. The G allele may be a risk factor of susceptibility to AMI.
Low genetic diversity in the Endangered Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon and implications for conservation

Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon is an Endangered species that has experienced a severe but short-lived population bottleneck in recent years. Only one wild population and two captive populations exist in China today, all of which were probably initiated from two breeding pairs rediscovered in 1981. This paper represents the first study of the genetic diversity of Crested Ibis by analysing sequence variation of a fragment spanning domains II and III of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of both wild and captive populations. Two haplotypes were identified in both wild and captive populations, and the captive population had a bias towards haplotype 1. The species as a whole demonstrated an extremely low level of genetic diversity, with a haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of 0.386 ± 0.074 and 0.069% ± 0.013%, respectively. Despite the rapid increase in numbers of birds under intensive management, the paucity of genetic diversity remains a real threat to the species. The mtDNA control region variations detected in the present study could provide significant information additional to the studbook data of Crested Ibis; therefore we suggest that special attention be paid to individuals with haplotype 2 when considering captive breeding management. Overall, great care should be taken in the selection of reintroduction sites for this rare bird, as species with low genetic diversity are thought to be more limited in their ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental extremes and diseases.
A piecewise affine control Lyapunov function for robust control

This paper presents the construction of a convex piecewise affine control Lyapunov function for constrained linear discrete-time systems, affected by bounded additive disturbances. Exploiting the properties of this control Lyapunov function, the closed-loop dynamics are shown to converge to a given full-dimensional robust positively invariant set. Moreover, the proposed method leads to a simple robust control algorithm which only requires solving a linear programming problem at each sampling instant. Finally, the controller design is illustrated via a numerical example.
Title Efficient Multilevel Brain Tumor Segmentation with Integrated Bayesian Model Classification Permalink

We present a new method for automatic segmentation of heterogeneous image data that takes a step toward bridging the gap between bottom-up affinity-based segmentation methods and top-down generative model based approaches. The main contribution of the paper is a Bayesian formulation for incorporating soft model assignments into the calculation of affinities, which are conventionally model free. We integrate the resulting model-aware affinities into the multilevel segmentation by weighted aggregation algorithm, and apply the technique to the task of detecting and segmenting brain tumor and edema in multichannel MR volumes. The computationally efficient method runs orders of magnitude faster than current state-ofthe-art techniques giving comparable or improved results. Our quantitative results indicate the benefit of incorporating modelaware affinities into the segmentation process for the difficult case of brain tumor.
EFFICIENCY OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICIES IN THE PHILIPPINES : THE ST . LOUIS MODEL APPROACH

ebates have persisted around what policy is deemed effective in stimulating as well as in stabilizing growth in the Philippines. Over time, the interactions of both fiscal and monetary policies have largely depended on the structural adjustments and the reformation of government and financial institutions. However, fiscal policies in the past were influenced by structural deficits and internal economic volatilities caused by political upheavals in the last two decades. Similarly, the vulnerabilities of large monetary shocks bolster the impression that the country’s monetary strategy is less than optimal. While a policy mix feasible enough to achieve the right balance of macroeconomic stability and growth remains an elusive dream, it is hoped that the policy implications arising from the study and relevant to the Philippines would encourage better management of these major policy instruments.
Information-based and experience-based metacognitive judgments: Evidence from subjective confidence.

Dual-process theories have been very influential in social psychology and cognitive psychology. These theories postulate a distinction between two modes of thought that underlie judgment and behavior (see Chaiken & Trope, 1999; Kahneman & Frederick, 2005). Different labels have been proposed to describe the two modes (see Koriat, Bjork, Sheffer, & Bar, 2004): nonanalytic versus analytic (Jacoby & Brooks, 1984), associative versus rule based (Sloman, 1996), impulsive versus reflective (Strack & Deutsch, 2004), experiential versus rational (Epstein & Pacini, J999), and heuristic versus systematic (Chaiken, Liberman, & Eagly, 1989; Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993). Although each of these labels emphasizes different aspects of the distinction, there is a general agreement that one mode of thought is fast, automatic, effortless, and implicit, whereas the other is slow, deliberate, effortful, and consciously monitored. Several researchers preferred to use the labels proposed by Stanovich and West (2000), System 1 versus System 2, which are more neutral. A similar dual-process framework has been proposed for the analysis of metacognitive monitoring, focusing on the qnestion of how people know that they know. 11,e distinction is between experience-based (EB) and information-based (IB) metacognitive judgments (Koriat, 2007; Koriat & Levy-Sadot, 1999; Strack, 1992). 11,econceptualization of this distinction brings to the fore specific features that may have some bearing for dual-process views in general. In the rest of the introduction, we first describe this distinction and then illustrate how it was applied in research on judgments of learning (JOLs) and feelings of knowing (FOKs). In the experimental parl of the chapter, we show how reliance on experience-driven and information-driven processes can yield diametrically opposed effects.