Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Optimal Control of a One-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic System With Bilinear Actuation

The manipulation of the magnetic field has been a proven effective method to change the flow velocity in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow systems. In this paper, we consider a novel bilinear magnetic control problem arising in a 1-D MHD flow system modeled by a set of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). We formulate the control of the magnetic field as a finite-time PDE-constrained dynamic optimal control problem and our aim is to realize the desired stationary state of the flow velocity at a specific terminal time. A model order reduction technique, based on proper orthogonal decomposition and Galerkin projection procedure, is first adopted to approximate the original complex optimization problem governed by PDEs into a semi-discrete approximation problem governed by a low-dimensional reduced-order model, and therefore can efficiently reduce the computational burden of the dynamic system. Then, the piecewise-linear control parameterization method is used to obtain an approximate optimal parameter selection problem that can be solved using nonlinear optimization techniques such as sequential quadratic programming. The exact formulas for the gradients of the defined cost functional with respect to the decision parameters are analytically derived via state sensitivity method. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed computational method. The methodology proposed in this paper is a potential implementation of a real-time control strategy in a number of MHD flow systems.
Comportamento de matrizes de colágeno utilizadas no tratamento de feridas planas induzidas em pele de rato

GIRARDI, R.C. G. (2005). Collagen efficiency in treatment of skin rat wounds. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2005. The potentiality of the use of a collagen based matrix and of a cream prepared by the mixture of a commercial cream plus collagen (90:10 w/w) were evaluated in the healing process of rats’ skin. The acellular collagen matrix and the collagen gel were obtained by an alkaline treatment of porcine serosa which does not damage the native collagen structure and removes cellular components. This study compared by macroscopy analysis and histology the skin healing repair of wounds treated with physiological solution or commercial cream (control groups) and those treated with collagen based matrix suture or commercial cream plus collagen mix. The wounds were made by removing a skin flap with 20mm and have received treatment every day. The material for histology was retired on the 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after surgery. Even without an accentuated difference in the healing process of both control groups and the wounds treated with de commercial cream plus collagen, its presence in the cream showed a small difference of the collagen level in the new skin what validate more investigations on this way, searching better cream:gel proportion and/or different gel concentration. The matrix demonstrated to be a very good option to help wound healing because it is easily shelf able and obtainable, it has cheap cost and it is extremely nice to handle (resistant and manipulation able), besides to follow the main requirements present in the literature citation for any biologic occlusive dressing.
Dietary polyphenol intake and their major food sources in the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort

Abstract Several descriptive studies on the intake of polyphenols, mostly flavonoids, have been published, especially in Europe and the USA, but insufficient data are still available in Latin-American countries, where different types of foods are consumed and different dietary habits are observed. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to estimate dietary intakes of polyphenols, including grand total, total per classes and subclasses and individual compounds, and to identify their main food sources in Mexican women. The Mexican Teachers’ Cohort includes 115 315 female teachers, 25 years and older, from twelve states of Mexico, including urban and rural areas. Dietary data were collected in the period 2008–2011 using a validated FFQ, and individual polyphenol intake was estimated using food composition data from the Phenol-Explorer database. Median total polyphenol intake was the highest in Baja California (750 mg/d) and the lowest in Yucatan (536 mg/d). The main polyphenols consumed were phenolic acids (56·3–68·5 % total polyphenols), followed by flavonoids (28·8–40·9 %). Intake of other polyphenol subclasses (stilbenes, lignans and others) was insignificant. Coffee and fruits were the most important food sources of phenolic acids and flavonoids, respectively. Intake of a total of 287 different individual polyphenols could be estimated, of which forty-two were consumed in an amount ≥1 mg/d. The most largely consumed polyphenols were several caffeoylquinic acids (ranging from 20 and 460 mg/d), ferulic acid, hesperidin and proanthocyanidins. This study shows a large heterogeneity in intakes of individual polyphenols among Mexican women, but a moderate heterogeneity across Mexican states. Main food sources were also similar in the different states.
Linking phytoplankton community metabolism to the individual size distribution

Abstract Quantifying variation in ecosystem metabolism is critical to predicting the impacts of environmental change on the carbon cycle. We used a metabolic scaling framework to investigate how body size and temperature influence phytoplankton community metabolism. We tested this framework using phytoplankton sampled from an outdoor mesocosm experiment, where communities had been either experimentally warmed (+ 4 °C) for 10 years or left at ambient temperature. Warmed and ambient phytoplankton communities differed substantially in their taxonomic composition and size structure. Despite this, the response of primary production and community respiration to long‐ and short‐term warming could be estimated using a model that accounted for the size‐ and temperature dependence of individual metabolism, and the community abundance‐body size distribution. This work demonstrates that the key metabolic fluxes that determine the carbon balance of planktonic ecosystems can be approximated using metabolic scaling theory, with knowledge of the individual size distribution and environmental temperature.
Electrokinetics of Temperature for Development and Treatment of Effusions

Introduction: Hyperthermia is a complementary therapy in oncology having various pros and contras for its application. Ascites, pleural effusion, edema and other electrolyte accumulations are frequently excluded from the treatability of the patients with heating locally or systemically. The special gathering of electrolytes is sometimes contraindicated, at times not mentioned in the clinical protocols. However, it is certainly challenging in the oncology where micro and macro edemas, as well as larger electrolyte accumulations (e.g. ascites, pleural effusion), are very frequent. Methods: Excluding patients with accumulation of free electrolytes limits the applications of hyperthermia. To find a solution we are studying the microvasculature and fluid dynamism together with the electric field effects, including the injury currents. The hyperthermia method which we investigate is the modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT). We use the Starling’s equation and the injury current in the frame of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and in connection with the biologically closed electric circuits. Results: It is shown that mEHT, unlike the conventional hyperthermia, is applicable for patients who have edema and other free-electrolytes in the volume which is targeted. The heterogeneous heating (unlike the homogeneous, isothermal conventional hyperthermia) promotes the development of tumor-specific immune actions, and so has less adverse-effects, and longer survival time for patients in advanced, metastatic cancers too. Conclusion: mEHT is well applicable in cases of ascites, pleural effusion, edema and other electrolyte accumulations when a patient is treated in complex (complementary) oncological therapy.
Mining high utility itemsets using Shuffled Complex Evolution of particle swarm optimization (SCE-PSO) optimization algorithm

High-utility itemset mining is a recent research area in data mining. It attracts many researchers as it extracts profitable products from a database. It considers both the quantity and profit of products. Several algorithms have been presented to mine high-utility itemsets. There are some bio inspired algorithms like Genetic Algorithm, Particle swarm optimization and Ant colony system are also used to retrieve high utility itemsets. In this paper a Shuffled Complex Evolution of Particle Swarm Optimization (SCE-PSO) algorithm was used to retrieve high utility itemsets. In the SCE-PSO, a population of points is sampled randomly in the feasible space. Then the population is partitioned into several complexes, which is made to evolve based on PSO. At periodic stages in the evolution, the entire population is shuffled and points are reassigned to complexes. The performance of the SCE-PSO algorithm is compared to existing PSO and GA algorithms and results are compared. A benchmark dataset, Mushroom and Foodmart datasets are used for performance analysis. Execution times of the algorithms and the memory space used by the algorithms are considered as performance factors.
Design of a quad element patch antenna at 5.8 GHz

This paper presents simulation and experimental verification of a quad microstrip patch antenna that operates at 5.8 GHz. Sonnet antenna design software was used to simulate the performance of the antenna. To reduce the design's complexity and the computational load, the antenna and the feeding lines were simulated separately. An optimization was done for each subpart to get the optimum desired results. Finally, all the subparts were merged and the final structure was simulated to check the performance. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated on a double sided PCB substrate (relative permittivity=10.2, thickness=1.28 mm) using a PCB milling machine. The s11 of −14 dB and −18.8 dB and maximum gain of 6.2 dB and 4.2 dB were obtained, from the simulation and experimental measurements, respectively.
The ER membrane protein complex interacts cotranslationally to enable biogenesis of multipass membrane proteins

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports biosynthesis of proteins with diverse transmembrane domain (TMD) lengths and hydrophobicity. Features in transmembrane domains such as charged residues in ion channels are often functionally important, but could pose a challenge during cotranslational membrane insertion and folding. Our systematic proteomic approaches in both yeast and human cells revealed that the ER membrane protein complex (EMC) binds to and promotes the biogenesis of a range of multipass transmembrane proteins, with a particular enrichment for transporters. Proximity-specific ribosome profiling demonstrates that the EMC engages clients cotranslationally and immediately following clusters of TMDs enriched for charged residues. The EMC can remain associated after completion of translation, which both protects clients from premature degradation and allows recruitment of substrate-specific and general chaperones. Thus, the EMC broadly enables the biogenesis of multipass transmembrane proteins containing destabilizing features, thereby mitigating the trade-off between function and stability.
Diversity of dermal denticle structure in sharks: Skin surface roughness and three‐dimensional morphology

Shark skin is covered with numerous placoid scales or dermal denticles. While previous research has used scanning electron microscopy and histology to demonstrate that denticles vary both around the body of a shark and among species, no previous study has quantified three‐dimensional (3D) denticle structure and surface roughness to provide a quantitative analysis of skin surface texture. We quantified differences in denticle shape and size on the skin of three individual smooth dogfish sharks (Mustelus canis) using micro‐CT scanning, gel‐based surface profilometry, and histology. On each smooth dogfish, we imaged between 8 and 20 distinct areas on the body and fins, and obtained further comparative skin surface data from leopard, Atlantic sharpnose, shortfin mako, spiny dogfish, gulper, angel, and white sharks. We generated 3D images of individual denticles and measured denticle volume, surface area, and crown angle from the micro‐CT scans. Surface profilometry was used to quantify metrology variables such as roughness, skew, kurtosis, and the height and spacing of surface features. These measurements confirmed that denticles on different body areas of smooth dogfish varied widely in size, shape, and spacing. Denticles near the snout are smooth, paver‐like, and large relative to denticles on the body. Body denticles on smooth dogfish generally have between one and three distinct ridges, a diamond‐like surface shape, and a dorsoventral gradient in spacing and roughness. Ridges were spaced on average 56 µm apart, and had a mean height of 6.5 µm, comparable to denticles from shortfin mako sharks, and with narrower spacing and lower heights than other species measured. We observed considerable variation in denticle structure among regions on the pectoral, dorsal, and caudal fins, including a leading‐to‐trailing edge gradient in roughness for each region. Surface roughness in smooth dogfish varied around the body from 3 to 42 microns.
BINARY: A Bandwidth Variation Pattern-Aware Rate Adaptation for HTTP Adaptive Streaming over 4G Cellular Network

Recently, HTTP Adaptive Streaming(HAS) has been an essential solution for mobile video streaming to improve the Quality of Experience(QoE). The rate adaption of HAS dynamically switches between different quality levels of the same media content as the available bandwidth changes. In this paper, we propose BINARY, a novel HAS rate adaptation algorithm for the 4G cellular network with a dual character. BINARY differentiates the patterns of bandwidth variation as constant bandwidth fluctuation and instantaneous bandwidth hopping. In the first case, BINARY performs smoothed bandwidth prediction and conservative rate switching to avoid frequent video quality oscillations. In the other case, BINARY performs positive bandwidth prediction and aggressive rate switching to prevent rebuffering and make full use of available bandwidth. We evaluate the performance of BINARY through extensive experiments on a 4G network testbed. The results demonstrate that BINARY achieves improved QoE in higher average bitrate, reduced bitrate switching frequency, and lower rebuffering ratio.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Intracellular Stages of Cryptosporidium parvum Define Life Cycle Progression In Vitro

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. Currently, there is a limited array of antibodies available against the parasite, which hinders imaging studies and makes it difficult to visualize the parasite life cycle in different culture systems. In order to alleviate this reagent gap, we created a library of novel antibodies against the intracellular life cycle stages of Cryptosporidium. We identified antibodies that recognize specific life cycle stages in distinctive ways, enabling unambiguous description of the parasite life cycle. These MAbs will aid future investigation into Cryptosporidium biology and help illuminate growth differences between various culture platforms. ABSTRACT Among the obstacles hindering Cryptosporidium research is the lack of an in vitro culture system that supports complete life development and propagation. This major barrier has led to a shortage of widely available anti-Cryptosporidium antibodies and a lack of markers for staging developmental progression. Previously developed antibodies against Cryptosporidium were raised against extracellular stages or recombinant proteins, leading to antibodies with limited reactivity across the parasite life cycle. Here we sought to create antibodies that recognize novel epitopes that could be used to define intracellular development. We identified a mouse epithelial cell line that supported C. parvum growth, enabling immunization of mice with infected cells to create a bank of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against intracellular parasite stages while avoiding the development of host-specific antibodies. From this bank, we identified 12 antibodies with a range of reactivities across the parasite life cycle. Importantly, we identified specific MAbs that can distinguish different life cycle stages, such as trophozoites, merozoites, type I versus II meronts, and macrogamonts. These MAbs provide valuable tools for the Cryptosporidium research community and will facilitate future investigation into parasite biology. IMPORTANCE Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. Currently, there is a limited array of antibodies available against the parasite, which hinders imaging studies and makes it difficult to visualize the parasite life cycle in different culture systems. In order to alleviate this reagent gap, we created a library of novel antibodies against the intracellular life cycle stages of Cryptosporidium. We identified antibodies that recognize specific life cycle stages in distinctive ways, enabling unambiguous description of the parasite life cycle. These MAbs will aid future investigation into Cryptosporidium biology and help illuminate growth differences between various culture platforms.
Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management From Emerging Adulthood Through Older Adulthood

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study of adults with type 1 diabetes was to analyze patterns of diabetes self-management behaviors and predictors of glycemic control across the adult life span. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data of 7,153 adults enrolled in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry who were divided into four developmental stages (emerging, young, middle-aged, and older adults). Data were collected by questionnaire and medical record review at enrollment. Statistical analyses compared sociodemographic, clinical, and diabetes-related factors across groups. Logistic regressions were conducted for each group to identify factors associated with hemoglobin A1c ≥7%. RESULTS The sample was divided according to adult developmental stage: emerging adults, age 18 to <25 years (n = 2,478 [35%]); young adults, age 25 to <45 years (n = 2,274 [32%]); middle-aged adults, age 45 to <65 years (n = 1,868 [26%]); and older adults, age ≥65 years (n = 533 [7%]). Emerging adults had the highest mean hemoglobin A1c level (8.4 ± 1.7% [68 mmol/mol]), whereas older adults had the lowest level (7.3 ± 0.97% [56 mmol/mol]; P < 0.0001). Emerging adults were less likely to use an insulin pump (56%) or a continuous glucose monitor (7%) but were more likely to miss at least one insulin dose per day (3%) and to have had an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis in the past year (7%) (all P < 0.0001). Different factors were associated with hemoglobin A1c ≥7% in each age-group, but two factors were noted across several groups: the frequency of blood glucose checks and missed insulin doses. CONCLUSIONS When discussing diabetes self-management, providers may consider a patient’s developmental stage, with its competing demands (such as work and family), psychosocial adjustments, and the potential burden of comorbidities.
Epstein Barr Virus-Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a distinct clinical and pathological entity with heterogeneous genetic and virological features, with regards to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. The variable association of cHL with EBV infection is probably related to the different levels of patient immunosuppression, both locally in the tumour tissue and at the systemic level. This review paper focuses on EBV-related cHL highlighting pathogenetic and pathological features that may impact pathobiology-driven treatment for the affected patients.
Biomarkers as Independent Predictors of Bone Regeneration around Biomaterials: A Systematic Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND Biomarkers are detected during bone formation and resorption associated with the dynamics of bone metabolism and are gaining importance as preferential indicators of bone healing in comparison with conventional methodologies. Current literature suggests that the usage of bone turnover markers for monitoring bone regeneration in association with biomaterials is limited. AIM To systematically review literature and evaluate whether bone-biomarkers can independently predict bone regeneration following implantation of various bone biomaterials. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE) database from 1980 to January 2017. The articles for systematic review were selected based on formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria Results: Upon database searching, 443 articles were retrieved and thoroughly reviewed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all, 41 studies were finally included for evaluation out of which 4 were clinical studies and the remaining 37 studies utilized animal models. On further evaluation, 12 studies reported the presence of biomarkers in association with cellular response during bone regeneration around bio-materials. Moreover, biomarkers related to enzyme activity and matrix protein derivatives were enhanced during bone-matrix deposition as reported in 14 studies. Inorganic skeletal matrix biomarkers indicative of bone mineralization showed positive expression in eight studies. CONCLUSION Several biomarkers appear to be useful for the assessment of bone regeneration around biomaterials. Although biomarkers are capable of independently predicting bone regeneration, lack of substantial evidence in the literature limits their true clinical utility. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Noninvasive and inexpensive methods of isolating and characterization of biomarkers from cellular and extracellular skeletal matrix during bone regeneration have proven value in evaluating success of bone biomaterials.
Ergothioneine – a diet‐derived antioxidant with therapeutic potential

Ergothioneine is a thiol/thione molecule synthesised only by some fungi and bacteria. Nonetheless, it is avidly taken up from the diet by humans and other animals through a transporter, OCTN1, and accumulates to high levels in certain tissues. Ergothioneine is not rapidly metabolised, or excreted in urine and is present in many, if not all, human tissues and body fluids. Ergothioneine has powerful antioxidant and cytoprotective properties in vitro and there is evidence that the body may concentrate it at sites of tissue injury by raising OCTN1 levels. Decreased blood and/or plasma levels of ergothioneine have been observed in some diseases, suggesting that a deficiency could be relevant to the disease onset or progression. This brief Review explores the possible roles of ergothioneine in human health and disease.