Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species

Invasive and medically important arthropods continue to spread and establish worldwide whilst adversely impacting ecosystems and public health. As the eradication and population suppression of these invaders and pests can be highly problematic and frequently unsuccessful, prevention of their further spread and establishment is imperative. Currently, however, there remains a lack of efficacious and cost-effective spread prevention techniques; particularly for species with complex life histories that span both aquatic and terrestrial habitats, such as mosquitoes. Here, we examine the use of steam exposure and disinfectant (Virkon ® Aquatic) treatments to cause mortality of juvenile life stages of two invasive disease vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus . Steam treatments induced total mortality of A. albopictus and C. quinquefasciatus egg stages, following thirty second and five second exposures, respectively. Hatchability of A. albopictus eggs was substantially reduced following ten seconds of steam exposure. Total A. albopictus larval mortality was caused by steam exposures of one second or longer. Conversely, the aquatic disinfectant failed to impede hatchability of A. albopictus or C. quinquefasciatus egg stages. However, disinfection with Virkon ® Aquatic caused up to total mortality of mosquito larvae at exposure durations exceeding one minute at 4% concentrations, and five minutes at 1% concentrations. Our results suggest that steam treatments could be implemented as a biosecurity technique to prevent spread and establishment of invasive mosquitoes. Whilst the efficacy of chemical disinfections to cause mortality was not apparent towards mosquito eggs, applications could achieve significant mortality towards larvae in aquatic environments.
Sit to Stand Test: A Simple Functional Performance Test to Assess the Exercise Capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and its Correlation with Severity of the Disease

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease. It occurs due to increased activity of oxidants combined with reduced activity of antioxidants. It is currently the 4th leading cause of death worldwide, projected to be 3rd by 2020. It has been proven that individual who develops COPD, gradually develops reduction in the strength of the peripheral muscles that will lead to further decrement in the physical activity and impaired mobility. These events gradually develop a vicious cycle. In the recent years we have developed many tools to evaluate or quantify the impaired physical activity which will help us to take certain measures to limit these and to improve the overall physical and mental health. There are various exercise performance test available to assume the physical activity impairment in COPD patients, like 6 minute walk test, incremental workload test, but lacunae with these test is that they require skilled personnel and various equipments. So, due to these reasons these tests could not be performed in many of the centers, to overcome these lacunae a simple test has been derived, i.e. sit to stand (STS) test. The advantage with this test is that it is easier to perform and does not require huge space and personnel. Aim and objectives: The goal of our study is to assess: • Exercise capacity in COPD patients • Correlation of STS test with severity of disease (COPD) Methods: Consecutives, stable COPD patients were examined in outpatient department of Chest and Tuberculosis (TB), a tertiary care hospital (Rohilkhand Medical College) during a period of 6 months (March–August 2017). The diagnosis and severity of COPD were assessed by spirometry and the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) guidelines. STS test was executed according to a standardised protocol. Patient was asked to sit without any assistance and to stand completely straight. Patient was asked to perform as many repetitions as feasible in 30 seconds. During the tests performed, the severity of dyspnea (modified Borg scale), oxygen saturation, heart rate were measured. Statistical analysis was done using EpiInfo version 7.2. Results: Total 46 stable COPD patients (mean age 59.69±11.77 years, mean forced expiratory volume (FEV1) 40.02% ± 19.41%) were analyzed. During STS test, there was rise in heart rate, fall in oxygen saturation, and increase in dyspnea score which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mean repetitions in GOLD I and II COPD patients was 11, in GOLD III and IV COPD patients was 9.7886 in 30 seconds STS test (number of repetitions) was significantly correlated with FEV1 (p < 0.05).
Understanding the Link between Myopia and Glaucoma- Clues from Intraocular Pressure and Optic Discs

Author(s): El-Nimri, Nevin Wadie | Advisor(s): Wildsoet, Christine F | Abstract: Myopia (near-sightedness) has become a significant public health concern, as its prevalence continues to increase in the United States and around the world. Further, myopia is also linked to potentially blinding ocular disease. Growing evidence from a number of studies links myopia with an increased risk of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Eyes with primary open angle glaucoma typically exhibit high intraocular pressure (IOP) and altered diurnal IOP rhythms. The structural organization of the lamina cribrosa (LC) of the optic nerve head may also render eyes more vulnerable to nerve fiber damage, the origin of vision loss in glaucoma. One or more of these factors may also contribute to the increased risk of glaucoma in myopic eyes. IOP could play a role in normal ocular “growth” (enlargement), by exerting a stretching influence on the scleral wall of the eye. During myopia development and progression, scleral remodelling is upregulated, rendering it more susceptible to the stretching influences of IOP, with eye enlargement accelerating as a consequence. The converse that ocular elongation can be slowed by decreasing IOP and so the tension experienced by the sclera was tested in a set of experiments using a topical ocular hypotensive drug, specifically latanoprost. Its effects on both normal and “myopic” ocular growth in guinea pigs undergoing monocular form deprivation were examined, and treatment-induced ultrastructural changes in the sclera were quantified. With advances in high-resolution imaging and electron microscopy, we were able to characterize the effects of the above ocular hypotensive drug on the microarchitectural changes in the sclera and optic nerve head, including the LC. Our results demonstrate that daily topical latanoprost is effective in both lowering IOP and slowing myopia progression in myopic guinea pig eyes. It also seems to protect the myopic scleral remodelling. These findings will open the opportunities to explore lowering IOP as a myopia control treatment option that may also reduce any future risk of glaucoma in myopic children.
Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment

History of Spinal Disorders. - History of Spinal Disorders. - Basic Science. - Biomechanics of the Spine. - Spinal Instrumentation. - Age-Related Changes of the Spine. - Pathways of Spinal Pain. - Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Spinal Disorders. - Predictors of Surgical Outcome. - Patient Assessment. - History and Physical Examination. - Imaging Studies. - Spinal Injections. - Neurological Assessment in Spinal Disorders. - Neurophysiological Investigations. - Surgical Approaches. - Peri- and Postoperative Management. - Preoperative Assessment. - Intraoperative Anesthesia Management. - Postoperative Care and Pain Management. - Degenerative Disorders. - Degenerative Disorders of the Cervical Spine. - Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy. - Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. - Degenerative Lumbar Spondylosis. - Non-specific Low Back Pain. - Postoperative Rehabilitation. - Spinal Deformities and Malformations. - Idiopathic Scoliosis. - Neuromuscular Scoliosis. - Congenital Scoliosis. - Degenerative Scoliosis. - Spondylolisthesis. - Juvenile Kyphosis (Scheuermann's Disease). - Malformations of the Spinal Cord. - Fractures. - Cervical Spine Injuries. - Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries. - Osteoporotic Spine Fractures. - Tumors and Inflammation. - Primary Tumors of the Spine. - Spinal Metastasis. - Intradural Tumors. - Infections of the Spine. - Rheumatoid Arthritis. - Ankylosing Spondylitis. - Treatment of Postoperative Complications. - Outcome Assessment in Spinal Surgery.
The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry

Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book the maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.
Avaliação da combinação de vacinas contra Neisseria meningitidis sorogrupos B e C em desenvolvimento no Brasil

Meningococcal disease is an important public health problem worldwide, with variations according to the different geographical areas. Vaccine protection against meningococcal disease correlates with the induction of antibodies with bactericidal activity and their persistence over time. Nowadays, the combination of vaccines is an important strategy for preventing meningococcal disease as well as other infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination of two meningococcal vaccine formulated in Brazil, comprising serogroup C conjugate vaccine and a vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis, in the induction of immune response in mice. Bactericidal activity, specificity and persistence of antibodies were evaluated by using a diversity of Brazilian strains of both serogroups and challenge. Mice were immunized intramuscularly with meningococcal C conjugate vaccine, meningococcal B vaccine and the combination of both. The animals received 1/10 of the human dose in a three-dose immunization schedule at intervals of 15 days, and a booster dose thirty days after the third dose of primo-vaccination. The animals were bled by orbital plexus before each dose and after the booster dose. The bactericidal activity of the antibodies was evaluated against homologous and heterologous strains to vaccine for serogroup C. For serogroup B and vaccines test the bactericidal response was higher for strain N44 / 89 than for strain N603 / 95, although it was equivalent after the booster dose. There was a tendency of increasing bactericidal response in combined vaccines. After the booster dose, increasing titles were for strain 2625. For the C conjugate vaccines, both monovalent or combined, a high potential protection wasobserved for the C11 strain after primary immunization, and remained unchanged after the 3rd and booster doses. For all test vaccines, titles of total IgG induced, as well as IgG isotypes and the avidity of these antibodies were evaluated by ELISA. Total IgG titers for B vaccine antigens did not show significantly different values among monovalent vaccines, but were higher for the combined vaccines proposed in this study. A similar observation was obtained for avidity testing. Avidity testing also indicated improvements resulting from the combination of vaccines. For the C-polysaccharide, combination of two vaccines showed significantly higher values than monovalent vaccine. Determination of IgG isotypes induced by the combination of vaccines revealed higher concentrations of complement fixing antibodies that increase the Th1 response. Overall, the results suggest advantages for the use of combined vaccines B and C tested, illustrated by increasing in the titles of antibodies induced and and their specificity and persistance and protection above 80% main strain meningococcal serogroup B. Such observations suggest that the combination of vaccines evaluated in the present can improve immune response, contributing with additional evidence on the use of mutivalent vaccines as a robust strategy for prevention.
How to use a buffered chelator solution for mares with chronic endometritis.

Authors’ addresses: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (Lyle, Beehan); The Arundel Equine Hospital, Arundel, West Sussex, United Kingdom (Staempfli); Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (Morgan); and Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, PO Box 12070, Lexington, KY, 40580-2070 (LeBlanc); e-mail: slyle@lsu.edu. *Corresponding author. © 2011 AAEP.
Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease

"Acute Coronary Syndromes - a Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease" - covers the state-of-the-art scientific and clinical information you need to rapidly evaluate and manage acute coronary syndromes. Dr. Pierre Theroux and his team of expert contributors present advances in diagnostic and imaging techniques such as biomarkers, nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, and multislice CT; secondary prevention; and, new antiplatelet, anti-ischemic, and gene therapies. This title is available in print and online.
Study on the Influence of College Teachers and Students Matching on Graduate Knowledge Innovation Behavior

With the advent of knowledge economy, knowledge innovation is more and more important for economic development, and graduate students in China's the knowledge innovation plays an indispensable role. Through the analysis of teachers and students, and analyze the knowledge innovation of concern, constructing a theoretical model of this study, and the teacherstudent matching, complementary matching of knowledge innovation and knowledge innovation ability of graduate students has a significant positive effect on conclusion has significant positive effect on the knowledge innovation behavior of knowledge innovation ability and graduate students through empirical analysis, the research on teacher-student relationship, some intermediaries and graduate knowledge innovation behavior for knowledge innovation ability of students get through further analysis.
The perception and experience of stigma and discrimination among HIV-positive people at Oshakati ARV Clinic in Oshana Region, Namibia

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Raising the Dead: The Skeleton Crew of King Henry VIII's Great Ship the Mary Rose

The long awaited book on the skeletons from the Mary Rose excavation has now been published. This is a comprehensive summary, which puts the skeletal remains into their historical and archaeological context. The book opens by setting the scene of the historical background. A description of the discovery, excavation and raising of these important finds follow this. The subsequent four chapters are mainly based on documentary evidence and discuss the ship and how it was built, the social fabric of the period, the administrative side of running a ship, including victualling and pay, and finally, the crew of the Mary Rose.
Industry 4.0 and autonomous transportation: the impacts on supply chain management

Within the span of three centuries of industrial revolution and through the introduction of modern technology, the environmental and socio-economic impacts are of greater importance than ever. The gradual but steady adoption of autonomous transportation in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is now a growing research area and on identifying ways for industries to operate their functions. The implementation of autonomous guidance vehicles in all aspects of human life, from self-driving cars and unmanned aircraft, to package delivery drones and robot vacuum cleaners, is a clear indication that the future is here now. The potentials for cost reduction and profit maximisation have been realised by the involved corporations and a significant number of them is already investing heavily on the new technologies. This has become a critical factor when designing and implementing such autonomous guided vehicles (AGV) and the introduction of more eco-friendly technologies will be of vital importance for their future development. The paper aims to focus on the impacts of Autonomous Transportation that affects the logistics industry and will explain the reasons that have led to the ever-growing adoption of AGV’s but will also take into consideration the desire of humans to retain final control over their creations.
Association between cytokines and two circulating micro-RNAs and development of premature ventricular contractions-induced cardiomyopathy

Objective(s): Recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of premature ventricular contraction (PVC)-induced cardiomyopathy (PIC) has suggested a key role for inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and the protein production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and two circulating micro-RNAs related to inflammation and cardiovascular disease; miR-155 and miR-146. Materials and Methods: The study population was comprised 25 patients with PIC and 25 patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction despite frequent PVCs. TNF-α, IL-6, IL10, and IFN-γ levels were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by flow cytometry and their mRNAs were assessed by real time PCR. We analyzed circulating levels of these cytokines by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two circulating micro-RNAs, miR-155 and miR-146a, were also investigated. Results: The flow cytometry findings showed that the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of antibodies reacted with the IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in PIC group than the control group (P-value<0.001). In ELISA, the levels of IL-6 (P-value<0.001) and TNF-α (P-value <0.001) and in RT-PCR the relative expression levels of IL-6 (P-value<0.001) and TNF-α (P-value<0.001) were significantly higher in the PIC group. The relative expression levels of miR-155 and miR-146a were not significantly different between 2 groups (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: In our patients with PIC, there was an elevation in the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in PBMCs. This finding may provide further insights into the inflammatory pathways involved in PIC.
Weighing homoplasy against alternative scenarios with the help of macroevolutionary modeling: A case study on limb bones of fossorial sciuromorph rodents

Abstract Homoplasy is a strong indicator of a phenotypic trait's adaptive significance when it can be linked to a similar function. We assessed homoplasy in functionally relevant scapular and femoral traits of Marmotini and Xerini, two sciuromorph rodent clades that independently acquired a fossorial lifestyle from an arboreal ancestor. We studied 125 species in the scapular dataset and 123 species in the femoral dataset. Pairwise evolutionary model comparison was used to evaluate whether homoplasy of trait optima is more likely than other plausible scenarios. The most likely trend of trait evolution among all traits was assessed via likelihood scoring of all considered models. The homoplasy hypothesis could never be confirmed as the single most likely model. Regarding likelihood scoring, scapular traits most frequently did not differ among Marmotini, Xerini, and arboreal species. For the majority of femoral traits, results indicate that Marmotini, but not Xerini, evolved away from the ancestral arboreal condition. We conclude on the basis of the scapular results that the forelimbs of fossorial and arboreal sciuromorphs share mostly similar functional demands, whereas the results on the femur indicate that the hind limb morphology is less constrained, perhaps depending on the specific fossorial habitat.
Key factors influencing the sale of bulls in livestock auctions

This research determines which factors most influence the purchase price of bulls in livestock auctions in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Hence, 760 beef bulls sold in eleven different auctions between August and November 2013 were analysed. The data consists of: breed, muscularity (MUSC), frame (FRAME), body condition score (BCS), scrotal circumference (SC) and body weight (BW). Other data such as the animal entry order and the purchase price of the bulls was collected during the auction. A linear generalized model was used to evaluate the interaction of each variable with the purchase price of the bulls. An ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc was used to compare the differences between the categories that influenced the purchase price of bulls and were realized in the software SPSS 20.0. All breeds presented declining prices from the first to the second entry order and increasing purchase prices from the order third to forth. Bulls with large frame received higher purchase prices independent of the auction order, except for the second order of entry, in which medium and small animals were more valued. Angus bulls obtained the highest prices in relation to the breeds Brangus and Hereford. The frame and breed constituted the main phenotypic characteristics that influence in price. In addition, the order of entry of bulls in the ring influence the purchase price.
Toward a better understanding of immunosupression and complete transplant tolerance

Organ transplants save the lives of thousands of people every year, and continuing research is making that process increasingly safe. The main problem with organ transplantation is the organ rejection that occurs if the recipient immune system is not compatible with the donor cells. This causes organ failure, and long-term immunosuppression is often required. While this immunosuppression keeps the allograft healthy, it has serious side effects on both the organ and immune systems of the recipient. Further research into immunosuppression can lead to safer transplants methods and post-surgical therapies. The ultimate goal of this research is to create an environment of complete tolerance, allowing the immunosuppression to be stopped with no ill effects.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Rubus eucalyptus (Rosaceae)

Abstract Rubus eucalyptus Focke belong to genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, the fresh fruits of which can be used for medicine and cosmetic. The plastome of R. eucalyptus is 155,672 bp in length, with one large single copy region of 85,277 bp, one small single copy region of 18,864 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,748 bp. It contains 130 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA, and 37 transfer RNA. Phylogenetic tree shows that R. eucalyptus was at the basal of Rosaceae. The published plastome within Rubus provides significant insight for elucidating the phylogenetic relationship of taxa within tribe Rosaceae.