Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root-derived trans-zeatin riboside and abscisic acid in drought-stressed and rewatered sunflower plants: interaction in the control of leaf diffusive resistance?

Four-week-old potted sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) were exposed to drought for up to two days by withholding irrigation. During the stress treatment and after rewatering, xylem sap was collected from decapitated hypocotyls by pressurising the root system. The water potential (Ψw) of the hypocotyl, the diffusive resistance of the second leaf pair, total transpiration and the concentration and flux rates of ABA and trans-zeatin riboside (ZR), identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as the dominant cytokinin in xylem sap, were determined. ABA contents were also analysed in root and leaf tissue. When Ψw of the hypocotyl decreased, the concentration and flux rate of ZR decreased drastically after a transient rise. A significant rise in ABA concentration and flux rate in xylem sap as well as a parallel rise in leaf diffusive resistance occurred as soon as Ψw reached values of -0.4 MPa and lower. Root ABA concentration began to rise at the same water potential parallel to the rise in xylem sap, whereas the ABA concentration in leaves began to rise only at Ψw values lower than -0.6MPa. Treatment of the root system with norflurazon prior to drought stress suppressed the increase in the ABA concentration in xylem sap and caused higher transpiration rates. Watering the drought-stressed plants led to a rapid decrease in ABA content of the xylem sap within three hours, whereas the decrease in leaf diffusive resistance was somewhat slower. The ZR concentration in the xylem sap rose continuously after rewatering, reaching a 60-fold increase after five hours, and declined again afterwards. Studies in which ZR and ABA were applied to cut shoots in concentrations similar to those in xylem sap of well-watered plants (ZR) and drought-stressed plants (ABA) showed that ZR, even in very low concentrations, antagonised the effect of ABA on transpiration. The results are discussed with regard to a possible antagonistic interaction of ZR and ABA as non-hydraulic root-to-shoot signals, and with regard to their interplay with hydraulic signalling.
The Roles of Heat Shock Proteins in Plants

HSP70; CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTION S 582 HSP70 Diversity. 582 Cytop lasmic HSP70 Genes and Proteins . 583 Cytoplasmic HSP70 Functions . 586 HSP70 in the Endoplasmic Reticulum . 588 Mitochondrial and Chloroplast HSP70s . 588 H SP60 . 590 Mitochondrial HSP60 . 590 Chloroplast Chaperonin 60 . 591 LMW HSPs . " . ,. 593 The LMW HSP Gene Supeifamily . 593 LMW HSP Structure . , . , , 597 P lastid LMW HSPs . , . , 599 Endomembrane LMW HSPs . 601 LMW HSP Function . 602 OTHER H SPs . 604 HSP90 and HSPlJO. 604 Ubiquitin . , . ,. 605 Additional Heat-Regulated Proteins . 606 RELEV ANCE OF HSPS TO PLANT G ROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 607 Expression of HSPs in the Natural Environment . 607 HSP Expression During Development 608 Role of HSPs in Thermotolerance . 609 SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. 611
Adolescent cannabis and tobacco use are associated with opioid use in young adulthood-12-year longitudinal study in an urban cohort.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use are prevalent among youth in the United States and may be risk factors for opioid use. The current study aimed at investigating associations between developmental trajectories of cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use in adolescence and opioid use in young adulthood in an urban cohort over the span of 12 years. DESIGN Cohort study of adolescents originally recruited for a randomized prevention trial with yearly assessments into young adulthood. SETTING Nine urban elementary schools in Baltimore, MD in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 583, 86.8% African American, 54.7% male) were originally recruited as first grade students. MEASUREMENTS Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use were assessed annually from ages 14-18 years and opioid use from ages 19-26. Socio-demographics were assessed at age 6. Intervention status was also randomly assigned at age 6. Gender, race, free/reduced-priced lunch and intervention status were included as covariates in individual and sequential growth models. FINDINGS There were significant positive associations between the cannabis use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 1.43; P = 0.028), the tobacco use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 0.82; P = 0.042). Specifically, more frequent use of cannabis or tobacco at age 14 was associated with more frequent use of opioids at age 19. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis and tobacco use in early adolescence may be risk factors for opioid use in young adulthood among African Americans living in urban areas.
Hysteroskopische Endometriumablation – Schritt für Schritt

Vor der Operation sollte zunächst eine ausführliche Anamnese erfolgen. Anschließend folgt die gynäkologische Untersuchung. Präoperativ sollte ein transvaginaler Ultraschall zur Bestimmung der Kavumgröße sowie zum Nachweis evtl. vorhandener intrakavitärer und intramuskulärer Pathologien durchgeführt werden. Sollte ein Ablationsverfahren der 2. Generation zum Einsatz kommen, dürfen keine intrakavitären Pathologien, beispielsweise Polypen, submuköse Myome oder uterine Fehlbildungen wie Septen, vorhanden sein. Auch ein hoch aufgebautes Endometrium verschlechtert die Erfolgsaussichten beider Generationen der Endometriumablation.
Computational evaluation of a fusion protein consisted of pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis to target Claudin-4 using C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin

Abstract Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis is still one of the controversial diseases worldwide due to its high prevalence in both the developed and the developing countries, especially among young children. As currently approved vaccines are not protective enough and provide Th2-type immune responses, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines. In the current study, we applied the C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perferingens enterotoxin (C-CPE) as a delivery system and F1S1 fragment (Filamentous hemagglutinin (F1) and subunit 1 of pertussis toxin (S1) of B. pertussis to design a novel chimeric protein in silico, to target Claudin-4 receptors in mice lung cells. To achieve this goal, the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of the fusion protein were evaluated and the interaction of this protein with Claudin-4 receptors was studied. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation analysis was performed to investigate the physical movement of atoms in a fixed period. According to the results; the full-length fusion protein has consisted of 807 amino acid residues which could be classified as a stable protein. There was a convenient consistency between the 3D predicted structure and the secondary structure prediction. An acceptable percentage of the residues were also detected in the most favored and allowed regions for the model. Based on HADDOCK results, there were no considerable differences between the interactions and MD simulation analysis, indicating that the predicted structures were stable during the simulation. Altogether, the data reported in this study represents the first step toward developing a nasal vaccine candidate against B. pertussis infection. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion

Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) causes focal cerebral hypoperfusion, resulting in cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke. The main therapeutic approach is to restore an adequate blood flow to the brain via the process of reperfusion. However, rapid reperfusion can itself aggravate brain damage; this adverse effect is known as ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The pathological conditions that occur after cerebral ischemia and cerebral I/R are microvascular injury, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, post‐ischemic inflammation, increased oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species, and a reduction in neuronal survival, leading to brain infarction. Animal and clinical studies on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) have recently been carried out, and there is evidence of positive effects on neurological outcomes after cerebral ischemia. However, some evidence has shown that HBOT may not affect the functional recovery after ischemic injury. This review describes the current evidence, both in vivo and clinical data, regarding the potential benefits of HBOT after MCAO and cerebral I/R injury. The contrary data are also discussed to verify the effectiveness of HBOT in stroke outcomes.
Promoting Medication Adherence Among Psychiatric Patients With a History of Nonadherence: A Clinical Practice Improvement Program

Background: People with serious mental illness may require long-term psychotropic medications. However, nonadherence is prevalent after discharge, often leading to re-admission. Several strategies exist to reduce nonadherence. The current project uses clinical practice improvement methodologies to test and adjust strategies to improve medication adherence at the Institute of Mental Health in Singapore. Methods: Two focus groups (one of which involved nonadherent individuals and the other adherent individuals) were conducted to explore the root cause of our service users’ nonadherence. On the basis of the causes identified, the team developed and implemented a person-centered medication adherence counseling intervention, incorporating motivational interviewing and psychoeducation. Data from all service users (n=156) who were nonadherent to psychotropic medications upon admission to our men’s ward between October 2017 and December 2018 were examined, with 63 of the men serving as the baseline sample and 93 receiving the adherence intervention. The team also reduced medication frequency and actively explored patients’ willingness to switch to long-acting injectable antipsychotics. A validated visual analogue self-reporting scale was used to measure adherence at screening and 30 days after discharge. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess the effects. Results: After an intervention involving 3 specific strategies that addressed the concerns identified during the focus groups, the percentage of people who adhered to their treatment regimen 30 days after discharge increased by 33% (95% confidence interval: 15%-51%, P=0.001). Our balance measure (a secondary outcome that may be negatively or positively affected by efforts to influence the primary outcome), which was the percentage of people readmitted within 30 days of their discharge, showed a significant improvement (ie, a decrease in percentage readmitted). Conclusions: Quality improvement methodologies can be used to solve common problems with context-specific solutions. The implementation of person-centered medication adherence counseling led by an advanced practice nurse in concert with optimization of medication regimens appears to be a promising strategy for improving adherence in nonadherent patients admitted to the psychiatric ward.
Gut microbiome and human health under the space environment

The gut microbiome is well recognized to have a pivotal role in regulation of the health and behaviour of the host, affecting digestion, metabolism, immunity, and has been linked to changes in bones, muscles and the brain, to name a few. However, the impact of microgravity environment on gut bacteria is not well understood. In space environments, astronauts face several health issues including stress, high iron diet, radiation and being in a closed system during extended space missions. Herein, we discuss the role of gut bacteria in the space environment, in relation to factors such as microgravity, radiation and diet. Gut bacteria may exact their effects by synthesis of molecules, their absorption, and through physiological effects on the host. Moreover we deliberate the role of these challenges in the dysbiosis of the human microbiota and possible dysregulation of the immune system.
Buccal Bone Thickness of Maxillary Anterior Teeth. A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis.

AIM To systematically review buccal bone thickness (BBT) in the anterior maxilla in different teeth, age groups and genders. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up to April 2020. Clinical and radiographic studies reporting on BBT of maxillary anterior teeth, with at least 10 patients were included. A meta-analysis was performed using random effect models to report differences of BBT. RESULTS 50 studies were included. Using bone crest (BC) as a reference point, no significant differences were found in BBT between different tooth types, except for 0.16 mm (95%-CI:0.02-0.30) increased mid-root thickness of premolars compared to canines. Using the CEJ as a reference point, canines presented with a significantly increased thickness of 0.32 mm (95%-CI:0.11-0.54) coronally compared to laterals. When BC was used as reference, males demonstrated a significantly increased thickness of 0.21 mm (95%-CI:0.15-0.27) apically, while middle-aged adults showed a 0.06 mm (95%-CI:-0.12,-0.01) statistically significant increase in the coronal level compared to older adults. CONCLUSIONS Few maxillary anterior teeth have BBT greater than 1mm. Buccal bone tends to get thicker from a coronal to apical position along the root surface and from an anterior to posterior position in the arch.
Age-, sex-, and height-based blood pressure reference charts, Yazd children 6–18 years, Iran

Background Pediatric hypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations. Purpose To examine pediatric hypertension in a clinical setting, we used the percentile rank approach and defined hypertension as that above the 95th percentile. Methods The present study was linked to the a national analytical cross-sectional community-based Iranian Children and Adolescents’ Psychiatric Disorders (IRCAP) survey. The survey was nationwide and funded by the National Institute of Medical Research Development. The IRCAP survey included 31,000 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years in all 31 Iran provinces. The current study included 1,035 children and adolescents and linked the data of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease only in Yazd province via random cluster sampling. Results Of the total participants, 456 (44.1%) were male and 579 (55.9%) were female. The mean age was 11.2±3.8 years (11.7±3.7 years for males, 11.0±3.6 years for females), while mean height was 146±20.0 cm overall, 147.2±22.0 cm for males, and 144.6±17.0 cm for females (P=0.009). The blood pressure distributions and percentiles were evaluated. Conclusion Here we determined age- and height-specific 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in Yazd boys and girls using 10-cm height intervals.
[Acupuncture as a factor of correction of «final points» and improving the quality of life at the stage of rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke].

All parameters of the quality of life of patients after cerebral stroke are reduced. There is relatively little information about the impact of stroke and the features of rehabilitation technologies in the acute period on the quality of life of patients in the period of residual events. AIM The study of quality of life indicators for patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke after three years from the onset of the condition, as well as the incidence of recurrent strokes and mortality in the residual period, depending on the rehabilitation methods in the acute period. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to identify the frequency of recurrent strokes and the mortality rate in the post-stroke period, a three-year prospective observation of 330 patients (220 patients of the main group, whose early rehabilitation was optimized using various methods of reflexotherapy, and 110 patients of the comparison group who underwent traditional pharmacotherapy in combination with physiotherapy and Exercise therapy) was performed. To study the quality of life (using the MOS SF-36 questionnaire), 140 people from the main group and 40 from the comparison group were selected by random sampling. RESULTS The main group showed a lower incidence of recurrent stroke episodes (3.2%) and mortality (1.8%) compared with the comparison group (12.7 and 13.6%, respectively). Comparison of quality of life indicators in the studied groups revealed higher values for all subscales of the MOS SF-36 questionnaire in the group of patients who received reflexotherapy in the acute period of ischemic stroke, and for several subscales, the differences were statistically significant: in the acute period, by subscales RP (p<0.05), GH (p<0.05), VT (p<0.05), SF (p<0.05), RE (p<0.05), MH (p<0.05), after three years - by subscales PF (p<0.05), GH (p<0.05), VT (p<0.01) and MH (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thus, optimization of early rehabilitation by including from the first days reflexotherapy methods helps to improve the indicators of both the physical and mental components of the patients' health not only in the acute but also in the long term, and also helps to reduce the frequency of repeated strokes and the mortality rate in the post-stroke period.
16α-Hydroxyestrone: mass spectrometry-based methodologies for the identification of covalent adducts formed with blood proteins.

Elevated levels of the estrone metabolite, 16α-hydroxyestrone (16αOHE1), have been linked with multiple diseases. As an electrophilic reactive metabolite, covalent binding to proteins is thought to constitute one of the possible mechanisms in the onset of deleterious health outcomes associated with 16αOHE1. Whereas mass spectrometry (MS)-based methodologies are currently considered the best suited to monitor the formation of protein covalent adducts, the application of these approaches for the identification of covalent adducts of 16αOHE1 is yet to be provided. In the present study, with the ultimate goal of determining the most adequate methodology for searching for 16αOHE1-derived covalent adducts, we explored multiple liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS/MS)-based approaches to investigate the nature and specific locations of the covalent adducts produced in human hemoglobin (Hb) and human serum albumin (HSA) modified in vitro with 16αOHE1. The application of "bottom up" proteomics approach, involving the nanoLC-ESI-HRMS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides, allowed the identification of multiple sites of 16αOHE1 adduction in Hb and HSA. As expected, the majority of the adducted peptides occurred in lysine residues following stabilization of the Schiff base formed with 16αOHE1 by reduction or via Heyns rearrangement yielding the stable α-hydroxyamine and ketoamine adducts, respectively. Noteworthy is the fact that a serine residue was also identified to be covalently modified with 16αOHE1, which to our knowledge constitutes a first-hand report of a keto electrophile as target of hydroxyl-based nucleophilic amino acids. The N-alkyl Edman degradation resulted to be unsuitable for the identification of 16αOHE1adducts formed with the N-terminal valine of Hb, most probably due to stereochemical restraints of the tested derivatizing agents (fluorescein isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate) on assessing these bulky covalent adducts. Nonetheless, the digestion of adducted proteins to amino acids resulted on the detection of 16αOHE1-derived keto and α-hydroxyamine Lys adducts. The simplicity of this methodologies might be beneficial for clinical studies, with the possibility of offering quantitative information with the preparation of synthetic standards of these adducts. The results obtained are crucial not only for the identification and quantification of biomarkers of exposure to 16αOHE1, but also for clarifying the role of protein binding in the onset of diseases associated with elevated levels of this reactive metabolite.
An Examination of a Novel Weight Loss Supplement on Anthropometry and Indices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Abstract Purpose This study examined whether adding Dichrostachys glomerata (DG; 300 mg/d) to thermogenic supplements with (DG + C) and without (DG) caffeine and other nutrients affects weight loss, changes in body composition, and/or markers of health. Methods Sixty-eight participants (female, 54%) were grouped in a double-blind, parallel, stratified random, placebo-controlled manner to supplement their diet with a placebo, DG, or DG + C for 12 weeks while maintaining their normal diet and physical activity. Diet, physical activity, body weight, body composition, anthropometric measures, resting energy expenditure, fasting blood samples, and questionnaires were obtained at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks and analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures. Data are reported as mean (±SD) and change from baseline (mean, 95% confidence interval) for weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively, with p values showing changes from baseline. Results DG treatment promoted significant but minor reductions in fat mass (−0.56 [−1.02, −0.14], p = 0.01; −0.63 [−1.23, −0.02], p = 0.04; −0.71 [−1.47, 0.09] kg, p = 0.08) and percent body fat (−0.46 [−0.96, −0.04], p = 0.07; −0.63 [−1.16, −0.10], p = 0.02; −0.78 [−1.45, 0.07] %, p = 0.03). There was some evidence that DG + C increased resting energy expenditure, decreased hunger, increased satiety, and improved sleep quality (diminished in DG + C). No other significant effects were observed. Conclusions Ingestion of thermogenic supplements containing DG (300 mg/d) with and without caffeine and other nutrients in overweight but otherwise healthy participants who did not alter diet or physical activity promoted clinically insignificant changes in body weight and composition.
Quality of life and its associated factors for mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients of urban community settings.

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious disease with impaired quality of life (QoL). Few studies have focused on the QoL for mild COPD patients in Chinese urban communities. This study aimed to evaluate the QoL and explore its associated factors among patients with mild COPD in Shanghai. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 275 mild COPD patients was conducted in 6 communities of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China, in 2016. Data on socioeconomic and health conditions were acquired through a face-to-face interview and a physical examination. EuroQoL five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D)- Chinese version was applied to evaluate their QoL. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CI for risk factors associated with QoL. RESULTS Among 275 subjects, the overall visual analog scale score and utility of QoL were 70.6 and 0.889, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that exacerbation in recent year were negatively associated with the top 25% utility of QoL (OR =2.02, 95% CI: 1.03-3.97), and the worse exercise capacity (distance of 6-minute walking test <525.3 m) was negatively correlated the outcome (OR =2.92, 95% CI: 1.10-7.75) too. In multi-factor logistic regression, the associations were slightly weakened. CONCLUSIONS The QoL was impaired in mild COPD patients living in urban communities. Exacerbation in the past year and exercise capacity were significantly correlated to QoL. More interventions should be developed to improve the QoL at the early stage of COPD.