Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Larval feeding behaviour and toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis against Ctenopseustis obliquana on avocados

Ctenopseustis obliquana is a serious pest of avocado in New Zealand. Laboratory experiments to gain a greater understanding of the interaction between larval feeding behaviour and environmental degradation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) residues were carried out. Larval C. obliquana were found to feed equally during light and dark periods and the application of Bt sprays in the evening did not consistently result in higher mortality than sprays applied in the morning. First instar larvae were more susceptible to Bt sprays than third instar larvae. However, when first instar larvae were provided with leaf discs that had been sprayed with Bt seven days previously, mortality was equivalent to that of larvae feeding on unsprayed leaves. Mortality of first and third instar larvae provided with Bt-treated leaf discs collected from within the shade of the avocado tree canopy (zero and one day after spraying) was significantly greater than that of larvae provided with Bt-treated leaf discs collected from the outer perimeter of the canopy. Results indicated that even very short exposure to sunlight (i.e. 30-60 minutes) was sufficient to cause a significant reduction in the toxicity of Bt-sprayed leaves to C. obliquana larvae.
Detecting Intrusions and Attacks in the Network Traffic using Anomaly based Techniques

Technology has become the backbone of today's Information and Communication Technology. Today a large number of transactions are carried out online and thus possess a risk of information stealing and misuse. Intrusion Detection techniques are thus developed and applied to the networks and individual host computers to detect such intrusive actions and alarm the administrators. A secure machine-controlled anomaly detection system is a more practical procedure to help in network analysis. An anomaly detection system (ADS) examine the network flow and focuses on detecting uncommon network behaviour, and classify them into attacks. The propsoed research work present a comparison of some of these intrusion detection techniques using different machine learning algorithms and ensemble learning. A subset of attributes (significant) is chosen from the primitive set of attributes using a random forest regressor technique, and then, the chosen set of significant features is used to train different classifiers. Moreover, the proposed work has been analyzed by experimenting on one of the publically available dataset CICIDS2017, available from the Canadian University of Cybersecurity.
New Perspectives on Wearable Devices and Electronic Health Record Systems

In recent years, wearable sensors and smart devices, such as smartphones, smart-bands, and smart watches, are frequently adopted in order to monitor the user's physical activities. Despite the increasing accuracy of the sensors embedded in these devices, such systems are not recognized as medical devices. However, the innovation process in the context of Medicine 4.0 is proposing novel solutions based on wearable sensors, smart clothing and wireless technologies for monitoring patients in remote. At the same time, over the past few years, the most important hospitals, clinics, and medical centres invested to adopt new software platforms, such as electronic health record management systems, able to better manage the patient's medical data. In this work we want to review the main wearable solutions for activity recognition and medical devices, with the aim to analyze new perspectives based on the integration of these systems within management platforms for electronic health records.
Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi

We obtained esophageal food samples from 311 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 94 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and body weights from 2,118 mallards and 315 wood ducks in western Mississippi during December and January 1979-83. On average, mallards ingested 3.0% animal food, principally aquatic invertebrates, and 97.0% plant food. Rice, soybeans, and seeds of "moist soil" plants provided 41.3, 41.6, and 10-11% of the total food intake. Wood ducks ingested nearly 100% plant food, of which 23.4% was soybeans and 74.3% was acorns from Nuttall (Quercus nuttallii), water (Q. nigra), and willow oaks (Q. phellos). Mallard food use varied with water conditions; the use of rice decreased and soybeans increased during 1980-81 when cumulative November-January precipitation was 2,500 waterfowl publications and found that only 211 (8%) pertained to winter, 14 (0.5%) concerned the MAV, and still fewer dealt with feeding ecology in the MAV. Although data are available concerning the foods of waterfowl wintering in the Lower Mississippi Valley, most pertain to coastal marshes (Davis et al. 1961, Junca et al. 1962, Glasgow and Bardwell 1965) or encompass broad geo44 DUCK FOODS AND WEIGHTS * Delnicki and Reinecke J. Wildl. Manage. 50(1):1986 graphical areas (McAtee 1918, Martin and Uhler 1939). Wright (1961) and Forsyth (1965) have provided the principal esophageal food habits data for mallards wintering in the MAV. Because mallards forage in agricultural areas more readily than wood ducks, these 2 species can provide valuable comparative data on feeding ecology in bottomland habitats. Accordingly, our study was designed to measure the relative contribution of natural and agricultural foods to the mid-winter diet of mallards and wood ducks and to relate food use to habitat conditions and bird weights. We are grateful to the waterfowl hunters of Mississippi, particularly D. Barrett, P. M. Barrett, Jr., B. J. Cross, and J. C. Griffin, for allowing us to dissect their ducks. F. J. Horne, R. E. Kirk, and G. Simard assisted with fieldwork. H. B. Bell and G. L. Chandler, former managers, and the staff at Hillside Natl. Wildl. Refuge provided use of refuge facilities. C. R. Bingham, A. H. Clarke, L. G. Sanders, and F. M. Uhler aided in taxonomic identifications, and B. K. Williams and E. D. Heinlein supervised the statistical analyses.
Food habits of guenons (Cercopithecus spp.) in Afro-montane forest

Summary The diet and feeding behaviour of Cercopithecus preussi in montane forest on Kilum Mountain, Cameroon, was studied over a period of 15 months and compared with that of Cercopithecus mitis observed over a similar period in montane forest on the Zomba Plateau, Malawi. Cercopithecus preussi was found to eat fruit with a similar frequency to C. mitis, but to eat mature tree leaves less often. When the frequency of total green plant intake was compared, however, C. preussi ate this category more often than C. mitis. This may reflect the raised foliar protein levels at Kilum, a longer rainy season increasing the availability of preferred food items and the greater terrestriality of C. preussi, bringing it into contact with more herb leaf blades. Both C. preussi and C. mitis eat the blades of mature tree leaves relatively rarely, preferring leaf shoots (C. preussi) and leaf petioles (C. mitis). Resume On a etudie pendant quinze mois le regime et le comportement alimentaire de Cercopithecus preussi dans la foret de montagne du Mont Kilum, au Cameroun, et on les a compares avec ceux de Cercopithecus mitis observe pendant une periode comparable dans une foret de montagne du Plateau de Zomba, au Malawi. On a decouvert que Cercopithecus preussi mangeait des fruits aussi frequemment que C. mitis, mais qu'il mangeait moins souvent des feuilles d'arbres matures. Lorsqu'on a compare l'absorption totale de plantes vertes cependant, C. preussi en mangeait plus que C. mitis. Ceci peut refleter un taux de proteines plus eleve dans les feuilles a Kilum, une saison des pluies plus longue augmentant la disponibilite de la nourriture preferee, et le fait que C. preussi est plus terrestre, ce qui le met plus en contact avec les feuilles d'herbes. C preussi et C mitis mangent relativement rarement les feuilles matures des arbes, preferant les jeunes pousses de feuilles (C. preussi) et les petioles des feuilles (C mitis).
Genetic risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease

The CARD15 gene encoding a protein recognising molecular patterns from bacterial cell walls was the first gene found to confer susceptibility of Crohns disease, but not ulcerative colitis. The recent years genome wide association studies have revealed several new susceptibility genes of both Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, some of them are shared. Many of the susceptibility genes show great ethnic variation. Three common CARD15 variants are less prevalent in Scandinavia compared with other European countries, and the variants are absent in Asian populations. Great ethnic differences exist in environmental exposures also, and this ethnic variation further complicates the finding of true genetic and environmental risk factors of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The most intensively investigated environmental exposure is tobacco smoking. Smoking has been shown to predispose to Crohns disease, whereas current smoking is a protective factor of ulcerative colitis.
malaria in B cell-deficient mice

Mice rendered B cell-deficient either by chronic anti-j.t treatment initiated at birth or by gene knockout (JHD and j.t-MT mice) suppressed acute Plasmodium chabaudi infections with a time course similar to intact control mice. Moreover, both kinds of B cell-deficient mice showed a 50- to 100-fold increase in splenic y#{246} T cell number after suppression of parasitemia compared with uninfected B cell-de- ficient controls; the magnitude of this increase re- suited in significantly (P< 0.05) greater numbers of splemc 'y#{246} T cells in the B cell-deficient mice than in infected B cell-intact controls (about 10-fold). In contrast, the number of splenic CD4+ � T cells was only slightly elevated ( < 2-fold) in both kinds of B cell-deficient mice compared with their intact con- trols. The number of splenic yT cells following suppression of P. vinckei parasitemia was approxi- mately ninefold greater in JHD mice than in C57BL/6 controls, whereas similar numbers of splenic CD4+ #{128}43 T cells were detected. Maximal numbers of y#{246} T cells were in cell-cycle in both JHD and C57B116 mice during descending P. chabaudi parasitemia, but the number of y6 T cells in cell-cycle was greater in B cell-deficient mice than in intact controls. Inter- leukin-lO (IL-lO), a potent TH1 cell-suppressive molecule, does not appear to down-regulate the yT cell response during malaria in B cell-intact mice because the magnitude of the 'y#{246} T cell response was not significantly greater in IL-lO knockout mice compared with heterozygote controls. These findings collectively indicate that a markedly enhanced cx- pansion of the y6 T cell population occurs in the absence of B cells, and this expansion occurs pre- dominantly during acute malaria when parasite bur- dens are similar in B cell-deficient animals and intact controls. J. Leukoc. Biol. 60: 221-229; 1996.
TEMPORAL VARIATION IN SURVIVAL OF MAMMALS: A CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CANALIZATION?

In an age- or stage-structured population, a given change on a proportional scale of different fitness components has different effects on the population growth rate. Because earlier studies have shown that variability is selectively disadvantageous for long-lived iteroparous species, fitness components whose variation has greatest impact on the population growth rate are expected to be canalized against temporal variability. We present here a test for such a canalization of fitness components most influential for population growth. If canalization occurs, (1) within a given population the variance of canalized fitness components should be less than that of noncanalized components, and (2) among populations an inverse relationship should occur between the potential demographic impact of fitness components and their temporal variability. We tested these hypotheses using data on age-dependent survival of ungulates. As expected for long-lived vertebrates, elasticities and sensitivities of adult survival were.
Adaptive IMU-based Calibration of the Center of Joints for Movement Analysis: One Case Study

This work proposes a novel real-time estimator of the center of joints using an inertial measurement unit (IMU), able to adapt to variations in the distance to this center during the joint motion. Our proposal, called ArVE, to the best of our knowledge, is the first real-time estimator of the IMU-joint center distance vector based on IMUs. Previous works are off-line and require a complete measure batch to be solved. We use an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to obtain an IMU-joint vector at each time, instead of the already proposed least-squares approximation, which require a previous collection of measurements and thus the distance vector to be constant. Also, the EKF framework avoids the previous stage of signal noise reduction and directly uses the IMU measurements. We carry out two synthetic experiments in order to evaluate the performance of ArVE in fixed joints when the IMU-joint vector remains constant and when this vector changes over time. We compare the performance of ArVE with a method from the State of the Art. ArVE shows an average error of 1.5 mm and 6.0 mm in the fixed and changing IMU-joint vector cases, respectively. Finally, we test ArVE together with the State of the Art versus an optical system in a real scenario obtaining the IMU-hip vector in one case study. Compared with the optical system, our proposal shows promising results in the test.
Blood pressure treatment in acute ischemic stroke: a review of studies and recommendations

Purpose of reviewElevated blood pressure (BP) is frequent in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Pathophysiological data support its usefulness to maintain adequate perfusion of the ischemic penumba. This review article aims to summarize the available evidence from clinical studies that examined the prognostic role of BP during the acute phase of ischemic stroke and intervention studies that assessed the efficacy of active BP alteration. Recent findingsWe found 34 observational studies (33 470 patients), with results being inconsistent among the studies; most studies reported a negative association between increased levels of BP and clinical outcome, whereas a few studies showed clinical improvement with higher BP levels, clinical deterioration with decreased BP, or no association at all. Similarly, the conclusions drawn by the 18 intervention studies included in this review (1637 patients) were also heterogeneous. Very recent clinical data suggest a possible beneficial effect of early treatment with some antihypertensives on late clinical outcome. SummaryObservational and interventional studies of management of acute poststroke hypertension yield conflicting results. We discuss different explanations that may account for this and discuss the current guidelines and pathophysiological considerations for the management of acute poststroke hypertension.
The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition and key enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle of geese

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition and key enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle of geese. A total of 192 1-day-old geese were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary groups, and were fed for 56 days on diets containing 2.5% soybean oil (group A, control group) or 2.0% soybean oil with 0.5% CLA (group B), 1.0% soybean oil with 1.5% CLA (group C), and 2.5 % CLA (group D). Geese fed CLA had a decreased abdominal fat percentage (AFP) (P < 0.01) compared with the control. It was observed that dietary CLA levels had a significant effect on the body weight, weight gain, feed conversion rate (FCR) (P < 0.05), and feed intake (P < 0.01). Fatty acid composition showed a significant increase of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, and cis-12 CLA isomers in both liver and muscle of geese fed CLA (P < 0.01). Dietary CLA led to an increase (P < 0.01) in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and a reduction in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (P < 0.05) concentrations in both liver and muscle. In liver, dietary CLA increased (P < 0.05) acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) activity, but did not affect carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) activity compared with the control. CPT-I activity was significantly increased by 2.5% dietary CLA in muscle, where ACO activity was decreased at 1.5% CLA level. The results obtained suggested that geese can successfully incorporate CLA in both liver and muscle, which could be beneficial in the human diet, through provision of bioactive fatty acids with no detrimental effects on n-3 PUFA levels.
Detection of Neonatal Patient Motion Using a Pressure-Sensitive Mat

Patient movements can cause motion artifacts on physiological signals and can result in false alarms in a continuous patient care environment. This paper explores the use of data from a pressure sensitive mat (PSM), placed below neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), to detect patient movement. The centre of pressure (COP) is tracked over time using a sliding window. Windows exhibiting large deviations in the COP are indicative of patient motion. Local averaging and window boundary suppression leads to improved movement detection accuracy. Using data from five patients, optimal parameter values were determined using a grid search method. After averaging the best performing parameters, a window size of six seconds was found to be optimal across patients, resulting in an area under the ROC curve of 0.909. Detection accuracy is maintained when evaluated on a patient not used to optimize algorithm parameters, with an accuracy of 93.4%. It is hoped that the movement detection algorithm developed in this work will be useful for gating motion-artifact related false alarms from neonatal patient monitors.
Challenges in Hypertension Research Special Report

IT is now well documented that controlling high blood pressure is associated with impressive reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While this knowledge, obtained through carefully conducted clinical trials, is very useful, much remains to be learned about hypertension. Figure 1 illustrates how the hypertension program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute addresses needs and opportunities in terms of the biomedical research spectrum that conceptualizes the program's goals. Topics listed under the various headings are not all-inclusive but illustrate the broad perspectives of this program. Because the long-term objectives in hypertension research are to understand the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation and the geneses of the various forms of hypertension, the major thrust has been and remains in the area of basic science research. Inherent in these long-term goals is the potential for the prevention of hypertension. Short-term goals include prevention of the complications of hypertension through development of better methods for detection, evaluation, treatment, and controj. Overall, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute hypertension program is designed to foster the promptest possible dissemination of relevant new knowledge, so that it will be brought to bear on the clinical practice of medicine in academic and community settings. In the following text, some of the most innovative elements of the program are briefly described.
Microbial Activity in Lake Sediments with Particular Reference to Electrode Potential Gradients

Summary: Microbial activity was determined along electrode potential gradients within sediments, and along sediment surfaces in a stratified eutrophic lake. There was evidence of a change from a tricarboxylic acid cycle-based metabolism to a fermentative one with decreasing electrode potential. A more detailed examination of the stratification of the microbial community showed that the activities of enzymes associated with energy metabolism (in this case electron transport) were highest on electrode potential gradients. This was observed within a sediment core on a millimetredepth scale, as well as over several metres at the surface of sediments, on a transect which ran from oxic littoral muds to the anoxic profundal zone. In contrast, microbial hydrolytic enzymes, such as protease and amylase, were most active at the sediment surface, where the highest concentrations of substrates might be expected.
Smart Wearable Device for Women Safety Using IoT

The crimes against women have been rising significantly and often hear about molestation, eve-teasing and rape cases in the public places of the society. The security of women is the most important concern these days and to build a safety device to act as a rescue and to prevent from harm at the time of hazard is highly necessary especially for women. In this paper, a smart device for women's safety which automates the emergency alert system by using pressure sensor,pulse-rate sensor and temperature sensor to detect a possible atrocity automatically using outlier detection is proposed. This system detects and sends the alerts for the dear ones with the location coordinates of the women without the requirement of her interaction in critical times. It sends an emergency message automatically to the relatives and nearby police station.
An Optimal Guidance Strategy for Moving-Target Interception by a Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm

To solve the problem of intercepting a moving target by a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm, an optimal guidance strategy is proposed. The proposed guidance law is based on the integration of the classic pure pursuit guidance law and Kuhn–Munkres (KM) optimal matching algorithm, and virtual force potential functions are used to avoid collision. The proposed optimal guidance strategy is demonstrated by simulation experiments. The simulation results indicate that with the proposed optimal guidance strategy, a UAV swarm can intercept a moving target while maintaining the predetermined formation, and during the formation flight, the collisions between UAVs or the target can be avoided. Through a comparative experiment, the proposed optimal matching algorithm is proven to significantly reduce the average per-sampling-period total flight distance of all the UAVs and accelerate the interception process, and the formation completion degree is improved.