Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and in vitro digestion property of black rice (Oryza sativa L.): a comparison study between whole grain and rice bran

Abstract A comparison study between whole grain and rice bran to evaluate the antioxidant activity and starch digestion property of black rice was conducted. Total phenolics content (TPC) and total anthocyanins content (TAC) analysis found that TPC and TAC contribution of rice bran to the whole grain were over 73 and 91%, respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside with minor peonidin-3-glucoside were identified in all whole grain and rice bran samples by HPLC-ESI-MS. The rice bran exhibited much stronger antioxidant activities than the whole grain, acting as the major antioxidant contributor to the black rice due to the high levels of TPC and TAC. In vitro digestion analysis found that rice bran could significantly decrease the digestibility and predicted glycemic index (pGI) of rice flour by lowering the rapid digestion starch and increasing the resistant starch (RS). This study revealed that rice bran could be a potential edible resource of phenolic-enriched antioxidant and glycemic regulator in food industry.
Nesting mortality and habitat selection by Marsh Wrens

-We identified mortality factors for Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris) at two study sites and related them to the choice made by males and females between sites. More nests were successful and more young were fledged at Site 2, which had significantly denser vegetation and deeper water than Site 1. Both males and females settled at Site 2 in densities higher than predicted by chance, although they settled synchronously at the two sites. This suggests that Marsh Wrens select breeding habitat to increase their nesting success. Received 23 October 1986, accepted 11 March 1987. SELECTION of breeding habitat should be based largely on the relative importance of features that affect offspring mortality. Individuals may not always make optimal habitat choices, however, because mortality patterns may be difficult to predict at the time of settlement (Wittenberger 1981). Thus, the decisions an animal makes may depend on the availability of cues useful in predicting future events. Predation is considered to be one of the most important sources of egg and nestling mortality in Temperate Zone marshes (Orians 1961, Kale 1965, Willson 1966, Ricklefs 1969, Robertson 1972, Howe 1976, Richter 1984, Bancroft 1986). Colonial nesting, common in many marsh-nesting icterids (e.g. Orians 1961, Willson 1966, Bancroft 1986), may reduce predation through group vigilance and mobbing. In species where the costs of group living are greater than the benefits, however, the best strategy may be to select a habitat that is relatively safe from predators. If mortality factors are predictable, individuals should select habitat to reduce potential nesting losses. If individuals are making optimal choices with regard to habitat, then the best habitat should be settled first by both males and females, and there should be more individuals of both sexes in the preferred area. Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris) are small, insectivorous passerines found in marshes throughout most of North America. Males in most populations are polygynous, although the number of polygynous males varies within pop1 Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom. ulations (Verner 1963, Kale 1965). Harems of two or three females are most common. Both male and female Marsh Wrens destroy the eggs and nestlings of conspecifics (Picman 1977a) and other marsh-nesting passerines (Orians and Willson 1964, Burt 1970, Picman 1977b). We examined the habitat preferences of Marsh Wrens by comparing their breeding success and settlement patterns in two marsh sites.
Finite element analysis of natural fibers composites: A review

Abstract Natural fiber composites (NFCs) also termed as biocomposites offer an alternative to the existing synthetic fiber composites, due to their advantages such as abundance in nature, relatively low cost, lightweight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and most importantly their environmental aspects such as biodegradability, renewability, recyclability, and sustainability. Researchers are investigating in depth the properties of NFC to identify their reliability and accessibility for being involved in aircrafts, automotive, marine, sports’ equipment, and other engineering fields. Modeling and simulation (M&S) of NFCs is a valuable method that contributes in enhancing the design and performance of natural fibers composite. Recently many researchers have applied finite element analysis to analyze NFCs’ characteristics. This article aims to present a comprehensive review on recent developments in M&S of NFCs through classifying the research according to the analysis type, NFC type, model type, simulation platform and parameters, and research outcomes, shedding the light on the main applicable theories and methods in this area, aiming to let more experts know the current research status and also provide some guidance for relevant researches.
Energy Metabolism: Errors in Gas-Exchange Conversion Factors

When an animal fasts throughout the period of measurement of CO2 production but is presumed to be eating, the error of estimating energy metabolism can be as high as 23% for herbivores; the error is small (≤3.2%) for uricotelic carnivores, and it increases steadily with the protein content of the diet for ureotelic carnivores. Errors in converting CO2 production measurements to energy metabolism are associated with small errors (for animals that are eating daily) when a respiratory quotient of 0.83 for all herbivores, 0.80–0.83 for mammalian carnivores, and 0.72 for uricotelic carnivores is used. Similar conversions of oxygen consumption measurements into energy metabolism are small (<±3%) when urinary nitrogen excretion is not measured and RQ is assumed to be 0.8, regardless of the actual protein, fat, and carbohydrate mixture being catabolized by fed carnivores, omnivores, or herbivores. The error is even smaller in nearly all cases if the respiratory quotient is measured and is used to derive energy conversion factors (<±0.6% for uricotelic herbivores and carnivores).
Evolution of Nutritional Value of Two Tomato Genotypes Grown in Soilless Culture as Affected by Macrocation Proportions

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine the effect of cationic proportions (K, Ca, Mg) in the nutrient solution on carotenoids and α-tocopherol content at green-orange, orange, red, and intense-red ripening stages using a high-pigment tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar hp ('Lunarossa') and a standard cultivar ('Corfu') grown in a soilless culture. The highest lycopene concentration was observed in the 'hp' cultivar at the red and intense-red ripening stages (3.0 mg/100 g fresh weight and 3.2 mg/100 g fresh weight respectively). In both cultivars, the concentration of β-carotene increased during the ripening stages, reaching the highest value (0.6 mg/100 g fresh weight) at the intense-red stage. The hp cultivar has guaranteed higher lycopene (average, 2.0 mg/100 g fresh weight vs. 1.7 mg/100 g fresh weight) and α-tocopherol contents (average, 1.2 mg/100 g fresh weight vs. 0.9 mg/100 g fresh weight) than those of the standard. In both cultivars, a high proportion of K in the nutrient solution increased antioxidant concentration (β-carotene and especially lycopene) during the red and intense-red ripening stages, followed by Mg. The lowest values were recorded for the Ca treatment. Lastly, a positive correlation was recorded between fruit tissue K and lycopene content, whereas a negative correlation was observed between fruit tissue Ca and lycopene content.
Q-learning pour la résolution des anaphores pronominales en langue arabe (Q-learning for pronominal anaphora resolution in Arabic texts)

La résolution d’anaphores est une tâche fondamentale pour la plupart des applications du TALN. Cette tâche reste un problème difficile qui nécessite plusieurs sources de connaissances et des techniques d’apprentissage efficaces, notamment pour la langue arabe. Cet article présente une nouvelle approche de résolution d’anaphores pronominales dans les textes arabes en se basant sur une méthode d’Apprentissage par Renforcement AR qui utilise l’algorithme Q-learning. Le processus de résolution comporte une étape d’identification des pronoms et des antécédents candidats et une autre de résolution. L’algorithme Q-learning permet d’apprendre dans un environnement dynamique et incertain. Il cherche à optimiser pour chaque pronom anaphorique, une séquence de choix de critères pour évaluer les antécédents et sélectionner le meilleur. Le système de résolution est évalué sur des textes littéraires, des textes journalistiques et des manuels techniques. Le taux de précision atteint jusqu’à 77,14%.
Investigation of Shoreline Change in Phan Thiet Bay, Binh Thuan, Vietnam

Phan Thiet bay in VIetnam has eroded and accreted for many years. That causes serious consequences because main activities of community in Phan Thiet bay are tourism and fishery which depend on shoreline significantly. Not only the economy but also people’s life and environment are affected by erosion and accretion. Both natural factors and human factors may cause shoreline change such as waves, currents, structures along the coast or changing of sediment from river. This study aims to investigate the effect of jetties on shoreline in Phan Thiet bay, Binh Thuan, Vietnam by analyzing the Landsat satellite images by using Geographic Information System (GIS), and determining End Point Rate of shoreline change by Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). The result could be one source for an appropriate plan of coastal management in this area. The study found that after the Jetties were built in 1997 and 2004, the shoreline change rate was lower than that recent years from 2016 to 2020.
Artículo original Desempeño de estuches comerciales para el diagnóstico serológico de las hepatitis virales B y C en poblaciones yanomami y piaroa del estado Amazonas

Hepatitis viruses are an important morbility and mortality cause in the Amazon basin. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercial serologic kits for determination of HVB and HVC markers in indigenous populations. Presence of anti-HBc, HBags, anti-HVC and viral genomes was determined in sera from piaroa and yanomami individuals. Over 50% of the samples reactive with one of the commercial kits were not positive when using other kits. The serologic marker which showed the highest concordance among the commercial kits was anti-HBc, possibly because it is an inhibition assay. Concordance among assays for HBags and PCR positivity varied between poor and moderate; only two of the tests coincided with the PCR results. There was no concordance among the various immunoenzymatic assays, nor in viral RNA presence for HVC. The unexpected discrepancies among the various commercial kits could be due to inherent characteristics of these populations such as multiple co-infections, especially parasitic. These factors could be affecting the specificity of the diagnostic kits, situation less frequently observed in other Venezuelan populations. This study emphasizes the importance of validating serologic tests in these populations, through confirmation and molecular assays.
The architecture and function of the nodes of Ranvier depend on several specialized cell contacts between the axon and myelinating glial cells. These sites contain highly organized multimolecular complexes of ion channels and cell adhesion

on several specialized cell contacts between the axon and myelinating glial cells. These sites contain highly organized multimolecular complexes of ion channels and cell adhesion molecules, closely connected with the cytoskeleton. Recent findings are beginning to reveal how this organization is achieved during the development of myelinated nerves. The role of membrane proteins involved in axoglial interactions and of associated cytoplasmic molecules is being elucidated, while studies of mutant mice have underlined the importance of glial cells and the specific role of axonal proteins in the organization of axonal domains.
ÆTHEL: Automatically Extracted Typelogical Derivations for Dutch

We present ÆTHEL, a semantic compositionality dataset for written Dutch. ÆTHEL consists of two parts. First, it contains a lexicon of supertags for about 900 000 words in context. The supertags correspond to types of the simply typed linear lambda-calculus, enhanced with dependency decorations that capture grammatical roles supplementary to function-argument structures. On the basis of these types, ÆTHEL further provides 72 192 validated derivations, presented in four formats: natural-deduction and sequent-style proofs, linear logic proofnets and the associated programs (lambda terms) for meaning composition. ÆTHEL’s types and derivations are obtained by means of an extraction algorithm applied to the syntactic analyses of LASSY Small, the gold standard corpus of written Dutch. We discuss the extraction algorithm and show how ‘virtual elements’ in the original LASSY annotation of unbounded dependencies and coordination phenomena give rise to higher-order types. We suggest some example usecases highlighting the benefits of a type-driven approach at the syntax semantics interface. The following resources are open-sourced with ÆTHEL: the lexical mappings between words and types, a subset of the dataset consisting of 7 924 semantic parses, and the Python code that implements the extraction algorithm.
Deep Clustering and Representation Learning that Preserves Geometric Structures

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for Deep Clustering and Representation Learning (DCRL) that preserves the geometric structure of data. In the proposed DCRL framework, the clustering of data points from different manifolds is done in the latent space guided by a clustering loss. To overcome the problem that clustering-oriented losses may deteriorate the geometric structure of embeddings in the latent space, two structure-oriented losses, namely an isometric loss and a ranking loss, are proposed to preserve intra-manifold structure locally and inter-manifold structure globally. Experimental results on various datasets show that the DCRL framework leads to comparable performances to current state-of-the-art deep clustering algorithms, yet exhibits superior performance for downstream tasks. Our results also demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of the proposed method in preserving geometric structure in terms of visualization and performance metrics.
Diversity, Abundance and Seasonality of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Southern Mississippi

A survey was undertaken in 2010 to assess the composition of the ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) community at two research sites in southern Mississippi. Inexpensive beetle traps were constructed and fitted with ethanol lures, and bi-weekly collections were made from March through November. The granulate ambrosia beetle (Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky)) was the most abundant xyleborine species at both sites, with more specimens collected at the Poplarville site. Other species were more abundant at the McNeill site. The black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff)) was the second-most abundant species in Mississippi, yet has not been reported from collections by collaborators in Ohio, Virginia, or Tennessee. The camphor shot borer (Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford)) was collected in relatively low numbers at both sites. The black stem borer (Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)) is commonly collected by our collaborators, but none was collected from either of our research sites in southern Mississippi.
Identification of chilling-tolerance in maize inbred lines at germination and seedling growth stages.

The chilling tolerance of nine maize inbred lines at germination and seedling growth stages were investigated by determining traits of germination characteristics and seedling quality at normal temperature(25 ℃) and low temperature(11 ℃) stress.The ratios (relative values) of trait values at low temperature to those at normal temperature were used to assess chilling tolerance.The results showed that the shoot of maize was more sensitive than root to low temperature,dry weight of root and seedling in chilling tolerance lines were not reduced by low temperature stress.The cluster analysis was used to solve assessing difficult of chilling tolerance due to small differences among relative values in maize inbred lines.Maize inbred lines were clustered into three groups: chilling tolerance,intermediate chilling tolerance and chilling sensitivity.The correlation analysis showed that the relative values of germination percentage,dry weight of seedling,shoot and root were significantly correlated with each other;they were suitable parameters for evaluating chilling tolerance.
Physiological and Morphological Traits Associated with Spring Wheat Yield Under Hot, Irrigated Conditions

Sixteen spring wheat genotypes were grown under hot, irrigated, low latitude conditions, during the 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 winter cropping cycles in Mexico, Egypt, India and the Sudan, and in the 1990 and 1991 winter cycles in Brazil. The genotypes were chosen to represent a range of genetlc diversity within modem wheat varieties. In addition to grain yield, in Mexico a number of morphological and physiological traits were measured throughout the growing season on two sowing dates (December and February), to evaluate their correlation with yield in the other countries. The morphological traits - above-ground biomass at maturity, grains m-2, days to anthesis and days to maturity - measured on both sowing dates in Mexico showed generally significant correlations with yields measured at the other sites. Moreover, ground-cover estimates early in establishment, and at anthesis, also showed some association with performance at these sites, but only when measured on the hotter, February sowing date in Mexico. Membrane thermostability (MT), measured on field-acclimated flag leaves showed generally significant correlations with performance at all sites, and with MT measurements made on heat- acclimated seedlings of the same genotypes grown in growth chambers. Flag-leaf photosynthesis measured at booting, anthesis and during grain filling on both sowing dates, was generally significantly correlated with grain yield at all sites, as was rate of loss of leaf chlorophyll content during grain filling. Stomatal conductance was also significantly correlated with performance at all three stages. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) measured with an infrared thermometer was significantly positively correlated with performance at the international sites when measured between 1200 and 1600 hours, after full canopy establishment. The correlation of CTD with yield was not affected by the irrigation status of the crop under well-watered conditions. The possible use of these traits in selection for yield under hot conditions is discussed.
Assessing the roles of striatin orthologs in fungal morphogenesis, sexual development and pathogenicity

Assessing the Roles of Striatin Orthologs in Fungal Morphogenesis, Sexual Development and Pathogenicity. (August 2011) Chih-Li Wang, B.S.; M.S., National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Brian D. Shaw Striatin family proteins contain a caveolin binding domain, a coiled-coil motif, a calmodulin binding domain, and a WD-repeat domain. Homologs of striatin protein have been identified in metazoans and fungi. The mammalian striatin homologs have been proposed to be scaffolding proteins that are involved in multiple signal transduction pathways. However, our knowledge of the function and the molecular mechanism of fungal striatin homologs is limited. Based on the conserved sequences of functional domains, I hypothesized that the fungal striatin orthologs also act as scaffolding proteins that are functionally conserved among fungal species and involved in multiple types of development in the diverse kingdom Mycota. I used reverse genetic strategies to study the function of the Aspergillus nidulans striatin ortholog (strA) and the Colletotrichum graminicola striatin ortholog (str1). In assays of sexual development, the strA deletion strain (ΔstrA) produces fewer ascospores with smaller cleistothecia, while the str1 deletion strain (Δstr1) is defective in perithecia development. The ΔstrA phenotypes indicate that StrA is associated with ascosporogenesis in cleistothecia. Both ΔstrA and Δstr1 are reduced in radial growth and
Recognising Ayurvedic Herbal Plants in Sri Lanka using Convolutional Neural Networks

Different parts of ayurvedic herbal plants are used to make ayurvedic medicines in Sri Lanka. Recognising these endemic herbal plants is a challenging problem in the fields of ayurvedic medicine, computer vision, and machine learning. In this research, a computer system has been developed to recognise ayurvedic plant leaves in Sri Lanka based on a recently developed machine learning algorithm: convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Convolutional neural networks with RGB and grayscale images and multi-layer neural networks with RGB images have been used to recognise the ayurvedic plant leaves. In order to train neural networks, images of 17 types of herbal plant leaves were captured from the plant nursery of Navinna Ayurveda Medical Hospital, Sri Lanka. As CNNs require a large number of images to train it, various data augmenting methods have been applied to the collected dataset to increase the size of the dataset. Backgrounds of images were removed and all images were resized to 256 by 256 pixels before submitting them to a neural network. The results obtained were highly significant and CNN with RGB images was able to achieve an accuracy of 97.71% for recognising ayurvedic herbal plant leaves in Sri Lanka. The study suggests that CNNs can be used to recognise ayurvedic herbal plants.Keywords: deep learning, traditional ayurvedic plants, convolutional neural networks, multi-layer neural networks, image recognition, computer vision
Protection of mice from lethal endotoxemia by use of an ornithine-containing lipid or a serine-containing lipid

The effects of an ornithine-containing lipid [alpha-N-(3-acyloxyacyl)-ornithine (Orn-L)] or a serine-containing lipid [alpha-N-(3-acyloxyacyl)-serine (Ser-L)] from Flavobacterium meningosepticum on lethal endotoxemia in mice were examined. When 500 micrograms of Orn-L was intravenously administered 1 h before intravenous administration of a lethal dose of endotoxin, none of the mice died. The protective effect of Ser-L was weaker than that of Orn-L. Light and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that necrosis of hepatocytes caused by endotoxin was prevented by pretreatment with Orn-L. Furthermore, Kupffer cells were activated morphologically 1 h after the administration of Orn-L or Ser-L, and the liposomes of the lipoamino acids were incorporated into phagolysosomes in activated Kupffer cells. The activity of tumor necrosis factor in sera of endotoxin-treated mice was decreased markedly by pretreatment of mice with Orn-L. In vitro, the lipoamino acids suppressed endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor generation but did not suppress tumor necrosis factor generation induced by zymosan and whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggested that Orn-L and Ser-L can be used as specific blocking agents against endotoxin. The blocking mechanism may be antagonistic, because of the structural similarities between the lipoamino acids and endotoxin lipid A.