Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration of Hematogenous Cells Through the Blood‐Brain Barrier and the Initiation of CNS Inflammation

The central nervous system has long been considered an immunologically privileged site. Nevertheless, cells derived from the bone marrow can and do enter the CNS in a number of circumstances. Derivatives of the monocyte/macrophage lineage appear to enter and take up residence in various structures of the CNS as part of normal ontogeny and physiology. Immunocompetent cells, such as T‐lymphocytes of both CD4 and CD8 positive groups, enter the nervous system in what appears to be a random fashion when they are activated by antigenic stimulation. These lymphocytes perform the required immunological surveillance of the CNS, and initiate inflammation therein during infectious and autoimmune reactions. In this review, the evidence supporting the above observations is examined, and a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory reactions is presented.
Exercise intensity optimization for men with high cardiorespiratory fitness

Abstract Exercise intensity is a key parameter for exercise prescription but the optimal range for individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness is unknown. The aims of this study were (1) to determine optimal heart rate ranges for men with high cardiorespiratory fitness based on percentages of maximal oxygen consumption (%VO2max) and reserve oxygen consumption (%VO2reserve) corresponding to the ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point, and (2) to verify the effect of advancing age on the exercise intensities. Maximal cardiorespiratory testing was performed on 210 trained men. Linear regression equations were calculated using paired data points between percentage of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) and %VO2max and between percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and %VO2reserve attained at each minute during the test. Values of %VO2max and %VO2reserve at the ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point were used to calculate the corresponding values of %HRmax and %HRR, respectively. The ranges of exercise intensity in relation to the ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point were achieved at 78–93% of HRmax and 70–93% of HRR, respectively. Although absolute heart rate decreased with advancing age, there were no age-related differences in %HRmax and %HRR at the ventilatory thresholds. Thus, in men with high cardiorespiratory fitness, the ranges of exercise intensity based on %HRmax and %HRR regarding ventilatory threshold were 78–93% and 70–93% respectively, and were not influenced by advancing age.
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH CADMIUM, COPPER AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

A pot experiment and a field trial were conducted to study the remediation of an aged field soil contaminated with cadmium, copper and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (7.67 ± 0.51 mg kg−1 Cd, 369 ± 1 mg kg−1 Cu in pot experiment; 8.46 ± 0.31 mg kg−1 Cd, 468 ± 7 mg kg−1 Cu, 323 ± 12 μg kg−1 PCBs for field experiment) under different cropping patterns. In the pot experiment Sedum plumbizincicola showed pronounced Cd phytoextraction. After two periods (14 months) of cropping the Cd removal rates in these two treatments were 52.2 ± 12.0 and 56.1 ± 9.1%, respectively. Total soil PCBs in unplanted control pots decreased from 323 ± 11 to 49.3 ± 6.6 μg kg−1, but with no significant difference between treatments. The field microcosm experiment intercropping of three plant species reduced the yield of S. plumbizincicola, with a consequent decrease in soil Cd removal. S. plumbizincicola intercropped with E. splendens had the highest shoot Cd uptake (18.5 ± 1.8 mg pot−1) after 6 months planting followed by intercropping with M. sativa (15.9 ± 1.9 mg pot−1). Liming with S. plumbizincicola intercropped with M. sativa significantly promoted soil PCB degradation by 25.2%. Thus, adjustment of soil pH to 5.56 combined with intercropping with S. plumbizincicola and M. sativa gave high removal rates of Cd, Cu, and PCBs.
Efficacy and safety of additional use of tacrolimus in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to DMARDs—a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group trial

In this trial, we investigated the safety and efficacy of tacrolimus used in addition to standard antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Tacrolimus 3 mg or placebo was orally administered once daily for 52 weeks in a double-blind manner to patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis receiving other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). A total of 123 patients were randomized to the tacrolimus group (61 patients) and to the placebo group (62 patients). In the tacrolimus group, 70.5% achieved a clinical response according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 criteria, whereas 45.2% in the placebo group did so (P = 0.005). The tacrolimus group also showed significant improvement in terms of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria of “good or moderate” versus the placebo group (86.9 vs. 56.5%, respectively). Likewise, significantly more patients in the tacrolimus group versus the placebo group achieved remission of the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) (45 vs. 21%). The mean changes in the Total Sharp Score and erosion score were lower in the tacrolimus group, but the differences between the two groups were not significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse events. Based on these results, we can conclude that the additional use of tacrolimus in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to other DMARD treatments is useful, and this could become one of the treatment options for these rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Lung cell responses to M. tuberculosis in genetically susceptible and resistant mice following intratracheal challenge

One approach to study the role of distinct cellular mechanisms in susceptibility/resistance to tuberculosis (TB) is to compare parameters of response to infection in the lungs of mouse strains exhibiting genetically determined differences in TB susceptibility/severity. Interstrain differences in antimycobacterial macrophage reactions, T cell responses & inflammation in the lungs of TB‐susceptible I/St, TB‐resistant A/Sn and (I/St × A/Sn)F1 mice were analysed following intratracheal inoculation of 103 CFUs of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The antimycobacterial responses in the lungs of susceptible I/St mice were characterized by: (i) increased inflammatory infiltration by all major immune cell subsets; (ii) decreased type 1 cytokine production; (iii) impaired antimycobacterial activity of lung macrophages; (iv) unusually high proliferation of lung T lymphocytes. Differences in several parameters of anti‐TB immunity between susceptible and resistant mice corresponded well to the polygenic pattern of TB control previously established in this mouse model. Importantly, lung macrophages isolated from noninfected mice were unable to respond to IFN‐γ by increasing their mycobactericidal function, but between weeks 3 and 5 of the infection this capacity developed in all mice. However, by this time point susceptible but not resistant mice demonstrated a pronounced decrease in IFN‐γ production by lung cells. This chain of events may explain the inability of I/St mice to control both early and chronic TB infection.
Regulatory T Cells Interfere with Glutathione Metabolism in Dendritic Cells and T Cells*

Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress proliferation of CD4+CD25− effector T cells (Teffs) by mechanisms that are not well understood. We have previously demonstrated a novel mechanism of Treg suppression, i.e. interference with extracellular redox remodeling that occurs during activation of T cells by dendritic cells. In this study, we demonstrate that Treg-mediated redox perturbation is antigen-dependent but not antigen-specific, is CTLA-4-dependent, and requires cell-cell contact. Furthermore, we show that Tregs use multiple strategies for extracellular redox remodeling, including diminished GSH synthesis in dendritic cells via decreased expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Tregs also consume extracellular cysteine and partition it more proficiently to the oxidation product (sulfate), whereas Teffs divert more of the cysteine pool toward protein and GSH synthesis. Tregs appear to block GSH redistribution from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in Teffs, which is abrogated by the addition of exogenous cysteine. Together, these data provide novel insights into modulation of sulfur-based redox metabolism by Tregs, leading to suppression of T cell activation and proliferation.
A Report of Two Cases of Kala-Azar with Delirium as a Prominent Feature

or extreme rarity of mental symptoms like delirium, mental drowsiness, etc., in kala-azar. This is one of the few negative points of diagnostic significance in clinical medicine. Even in ' enteric type ' of the disease, though the case may simulate one of enteric fever very closely, the toxic drowsiness of the enteric patient is conspicuous by its absence. Even in what Manson-Bahr terms the 1 acute toxic ' type with very high mortality mental symptoms
PersonRank: Detecting Important People in Images

Always, some individuals in images are more important/attractive than the others in some events such as presentation, basketball game or speech. However, it is challenging to ? nd important people among all individuals in an image directly based on their spatial or appearance information due to the existence of diverse variations of pose, action, appearance of persons an various changes of occasions. We overcome this challenge by constructing a multiple HyperInteraction Graph that treats each individual in an image as a node and inferring the most active node from the interactions estimated by using various types of cues. We model a pairwise interaction between people as an edge message communicated between nodes, resulting in a bidirectional pairwise-interaction graph. To enrich the person-person interaction estimation, we further introduce a unidirectional hyper-interaction graph that models the consensus of interactions between a focal person and any person in his/her local region around. Finally, we modify the PageRank algorithm to infer the activeness of people on the multiple Hybrid-Interaction Graph (HIG), the union of the pairwise-interaction and hyper-interaction graphs, and we call our algorithm the PersonRank. In order to provide publicable datasets for evaluation, we have contributed a new dataset called Multi-scene Important People Image Dataset and gathered a NCAA Basketball Image Dataset from sports game sequences. We have demonstrated that the proposed PersonRank outperforms related methods clearly and substantially. Our code and datasets are available at https://weihonglee.github. io/Projects/PersonRank.htm.
The effect of advanced maternal age upon human milk fat content.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the effect of maternal age on human milk (HM) composition. This study was designed to study fat content, estimated by creamatocrit (CMT), in HM collected in the first 2 weeks of life in older (≥ 35 years) compared with younger (<35 years) mothers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Ninety lactating mothers (48 older, 42 younger) of newborns were recruited within the first 3 days of delivery. CMTs were measured at 72 hours, 7 days, and 14 days after delivery for HM in a capillary tube after centrifugation at 5,366 g for 5 minutes. RESULTS The groups did not differ in terms of maternal height and diet, infant birth weight, gestational age (GA), or pregnancy weight gain. They differed significantly in terms of maternal age and parity. Mean colostrum CMT was significantly higher in the group of older mothers. Colostrum CMT correlated positively with maternal age (R(2)=0.11, p=0.006) and inversely with GA (R(2)=0.1, p=0.03) but did not relate with either maternal weight or body mass index. CMT at age 7 days and 2 weeks was not affected by maternal age or GA. In multivariate regression analysis colostrum CMT correlated significantly only with maternal age and GA (R(2)=0.3, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Colostrum fat content of older mothers is much higher than that of younger mothers and inversely related with GA at delivery. This increase in colostrum fat content obtained from mothers with advanced age may be due to increased fat synthesis and excretion in milk, reduced water content of milk, or a combination of both.
Correspondence on ‘‘Deterioration in Cognitive Function in Children With Benign Epilepsy of Childhood With Central Temporal Spikes Treated With Sulthiame’’

We are concerned by the results of Wirrell et al who found cognitive deterioration with Sulthiame in a study of 6 newly treated children with benign epilepsy. Sulthiame has been found to be effective both for suppressing seizures (in the rare cases in which seizures are frequent and the therapeutic effect is easy to judge) and for decreasing or abolishing the electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges. It is widely used in Europe in this type of epilepsy for 20 years with good tolerance. Although there is a consensus that most children with benign epilepsy do not require antiepileptic therapy and that some antiepileptic drugs may actually aggravate this epileptic syndrome, several new data are now available, indicating that transient cognitive problems often arise during its active phase in direct relationship with the EEG epileptic activity, independently of the presence of clinical seizures. Allegedly, it is still controversial whether suppression of EEG discharges actually improves cognitive functions or behavior but no deterioration (except for rare individual intolerance as can be seen with any antiepileptic drug) has been seen in the large number of treated children. Wirrell’s data using several standardized tests thus need careful scrutiny, the more so that no detailed prospective study on cognitive effects before and after therapy, in correlation with EEG epileptic activity has been done before with Sulthiame.
Requirement of fibroblast growth factor signaling for regeneration of epiphyseal morphology in rabbit full‐thickness defects of articular cartilage

The involvement of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) during the repair process in rabbit full‐thickness defects of articular cartilage was studied. Fibroblast growth factor‐2 (50 pg/h) was administered for 2 weeks in a 5mm defect of articular cartilage, which is large enough not to repair spontaneously. The administration of FGF‐2 resulted in the regeneration of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone within 8 weeks. In these defects, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells initiated chondrogenic differentiation coupled with replacement by subchondral bone, resulting in the resurfacing of the defects with hyaline cartilage and the recovery of subchondral bone up to the original bone–articular cartilage junction. In rabbits, full‐thickness defects are capable of regenerating articular cartilage as long as the defect size is limited to ≤3 mm in diameter. In the defects, strong immunoreactivity for FGF‐2 was observed in the granulation tissue filling the defects in the early stage of repair, in association with the expression of FGF‐2 mRNA shown by in situ hybridization. Once the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells had differentiated into chondrocytes, both the immunoreactivity and the in situ hybridization signal declined significantly. Upon the local administration of a monoclonal antibody against FGF‐2 (bFM‐1, 50ng/h), the defects were filled with fibrous tissue and no resurfacing hyaline cartilage was formed. Compared to the non‐treated defects, there were marked increases in FGF‐2 immunoreactivity and the overexpression of FGF‐2 mRNA in the reparative tissue in the bFM‐1 ‐treated defects. This rebound phenomenon indicates that the autocrine FGF‐2 signaling is critically important for the regeneration of articular cartilage.
Longitudinal Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Therapy and Cytokine-Related Depression on Hepatitis C Viral Logs During Antiviral Therapy

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the longitudinal effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy and cytokine-related depression on levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) during treatment with combination therapy. Background Prior studies have investigated the association between cytokine-related depression and sustained virological response, but it is unknown whether anti-inflammatory properties of SSRIs used to treat cytokine-related depression inadvertently contravene proinflammatory properties of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN), in effect reducing therapeutic efficacy. Study In a retrospective cohort design, patients being treated with Peg-IFN or interferon in combination with ribavirin at a gastroenterology clinic were followed from initiation of therapy until 24 weeks after the completion of therapy. Sustained virological response and rate of decline of HCV RNA levels were compared among patients with SSRI therapy and cytokine-related depression. Results Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy and cytokine-related depression did not adversely impact the proportion of patients achieving sustained virological response. In a multivariate longitudinal analysis, the mean slope of HCV RNA levels declined faster over time in patients without cytokine-related depression in comparison to patients with cytokine-related depression (P = 0.05), and the mean slope of HCV RNA levels declined similarly over time in patients with and without SSRI therapy. Conclusions In this retrospective cohort, SSRI therapy did not interfere with immune activation dynamics of Peg-IFN/ribavirin, and patients without cytokine-related depression developed quicker responses and suppressed HCV replication more favorably over time.
Experimental research on partial discharge radiated UHF signal attenuation characteristics in GIS

For detecting partial discharge (PD) phenomenon in gas insulated switchgear (GIS), ultra-high-frequency (UHF) method, which detects electromagnetic wave (EM wave) in UHF band with good immunity to noise, has been widely employed to avoid insulation accidents. In order to deeply understand the propagation process of EM wave and improve the utilization of the UHF method, it is necessary to investigate the attenuation characteristics of UHF signal from broadband PD sensor. In this research, by using the self-designed planar equiangular spiral antenna, the output UHF signal is detected and analyzed experimentally in a 252 kV GIS with L-shaped structure (LS) and disconnecting switch (DS) tank. When DS is closed and is open, the output signal is measured under two applied voltage levels individually in the test. And the results are mainly investigated in detail by time, statistics and frequency analysis. The propagation rules of the peak to peak value (Vpp) and transmission rate of the UHF signal are summarized. This research provides some referential significance towards the rational use of UHF method and better implementation of PD detection.
An analytical framework and tool (‘InteRa’) for integrating the informal recycling sector in waste and resource management systems in developing countries

In low- and middle-income developing countries, the informal (collection and) recycling sector (here abbreviated IRS) is an important, but often unrecognised, part of a city’s solid waste and resources management system. Recent evidence shows recycling rates of 20–30% achieved by IRS systems, reducing collection and disposal costs. They play a vital role in the value chain by reprocessing waste into secondary raw materials, providing a livelihood to around 0.5% of urban populations. However, persisting factual and perceived problems are associated with IRS (waste-picking): occupational and public health and safety (H&S), child labour, uncontrolled pollution, untaxed activities, crime and political collusion. Increasingly, incorporating IRS as a legitimate stakeholder and functional part of solid waste management (SWM) is attempted, further building recycling rates in an affordable way while also addressing the negatives. Based on a literature review and a practitioner’s workshop, here we develop a systematic framework—or typology—for classifying and analysing possible interventions to promote the integration of IRS in a city’s SWM system. Three primary interfaces are identified: between the IRS and the SWM system, the materials and value chain, and society as a whole; underlain by a fourth, which is focused on organisation and empowerment. To maximise the potential for success, IRS integration/inclusion/formalisation initiatives should consider all four categories in a balanced way and pay increased attention to their interdependencies, which are central to success, including specific actions, such as the IRS having access to source separated waste. A novel rapid evaluation and visualisation tool is presented—integration radar (diagram) or InterRa—aimed at illustrating the degree to which a planned or existing intervention considers each of the four categories. The tool is further demonstrated by application to 10 cases around the world, including a step-by-step guide.
A correlation measurement system for ghost imaging experiment

To improve the spatial resolution beyond the Rayleigh diffraction limit, the ghost imaging experiment with entangled multiphoton is performed. A correlation measurement system is designed for the experiment. The FPGA TDC is used to decrease the accidental coincidence counting rate. The high precision stepping motor which is automatic controlled improve the spatial resolution and simplify the experimental process.
Key Information Systems Issues for the 1980's

Knowledge of the most important issues in the information systems field would help focus research and educational efforts. A Delphi study, using leading information systems (IS) professionals, was used to identify and rank ten key IS management issues for the 1980's. Measures were also taken to the amount of agreement achieved on these issues and rankings. The number one issue identified was improved IS planning, followed by facilitation and management of end user computing. This article describes the research approach involved and discusses the results.
Vector Sparse Representation of Color Image Using Quaternion Matrix

Traditional sparse image models treat color image pixel as a scalar, which represents color channels separately or concatenate color channels as a monochrome image. In this paper, we propose a vector sparse representation model for color images using quaternion matrix analysis. As a new tool for color image representation, its potential applications in several image-processing tasks are presented, including color image reconstruction, denoising, inpainting, and super-resolution. The proposed model represents the color image as a quaternion matrix, where a quaternion-based dictionary learning algorithm is presented using the K-quaternion singular value decomposition (QSVD) method. It conducts the sparse basis selection in quaternion space, which uniformly transforms the channel images to an orthogonal color space. Keywords—Vector sparse representation, quaternion matrix analysis, color image, dictionary learning, K-QSVD, image restoration