Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure, function and engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins.

: Nature has provided potent insecticidal toxins as fermentation products of many Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Elucidation of structure-function relationships for this class of natural toxins is in its early stages. Both direct experimentation and application of theoretical structure-function principles emerging from the rapidly growing field of protein structure are accelerating understanding of these toxins. Coupled with the increasing demand for biologically sound pesticides, the benefits from engineering nature's toxins for improved performance set the stage for exciting, fast growth in discovery, characterization and commercialization of new active ingredients for biopesticides and transgenic plants.
Seedling recruitment in subalpine grassland forbs: Predicting field regeneration behaviour from lab germination responses

Environmental cueing that restricts seed germination to times and places where mortality risk is relatively low may have considerable selective advantage. The predictive power of lab germination responses for field regeneration behaviour is rarely tested. We screened 11 alpine grassland forbs for germination behaviour predictive of microsite and seasonal selectivity, and seed carry-over across years. The predictions were tested in a field experiment. Germination in the lab ranged from 0.05% to 67.9%, and was affected by light (5 species), temperature (6 species), fluctuating temperatures (4 species), moist chilling prior to germination (cold-stratification) (6 species), and dormancy-breaking by means of gibberellic acid (8 species). Seedling emergence in the field varied from 0.1% to 14.1%, and increased in low-competition microsites (bare-ground gaps and cut vegetation; 7 species), and showed seasonal timing (1 species in autumn and 1 species in spring), and seed carry-over across years (7 species). Lab .
Distribution of feeding sites of wintering Greater White-fronted Geese in Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma

Distribution of feeding sites of wintering Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons around Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma (roost) was determined by direct observations during winter of 1997, 1998and 1999. The 68.6% of 110feeding flocks were observed in rice fields within 6km from the lake.
Combining ability and heterotic grouping of ten temperate, subtropical and tropical quality protein maize inbreds [Zea mays L.]

Information on combining ability and heterotic grouping is important to maize (Zea mays L.) breeders. Ten yellow, quality-protein maize (QPM) inbreds were included in this study, among which five were subtropical, tropical QPM lines introduced from CIMMYT and another five were Chinese elite temperate QPM lines. The combining ability for grain yield of the ten PQM lines was analyzed through evaluating 45 crosses from a diallel in three typical environments. Inbreds CML161, CML166, CML171, and Qi205 had high general combining ability (GCA), and it is possible to get high-yielding crosses by using them as parents. The results from the yields of Fl crosses suggest that lines with high GCA and specific combining ability (SCA), should be selected as parents. Genetic similarities of the ten QPM lines were estimated by using simple sequence repeal (SSR) markers. 57 polymorphic SSR primers were selected, which detected 105 alleles among the ten lines. The 105 alleles were used to estimate the genetic similarities. On the basis of the SCA effects and the genetic similarity of the 45 crosses, the ten QPM lines were divided into three heterolic groups. It is reasonable to classify the subtropical, tropical and temperate germplasm into different groups. This study has provided useful informalion for QPM breeding.
Biodiversity of Macrofauna Associated with Sponges across Ecological Gradients in the Central Red Sea

Biodiversity of Macrofauna Associated with Sponges across Ecological Gradients in the Central Red Sea Nora Kandler Between 33 and 91 percent of marine species are currently undescribed, with the majority occurring in tropical and offshore environments. Sponges act as important microhabitats and promote biodiversity by harboring a wide variety of macrofauna and microbiota, but little is known about the relationships between the sponges and their symbionts. This study uses DNA barcoding to examine the macrofaunal communities associated with sponges of the central Saudi Arabian Red Sea, a drastically understudied ecosystem with high biodiversity and endemism. In total, 185 epifaunal and infaunal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were distinguished from the 1399 successfully-sequenced macrofauna individuals from 129 sponges representing seven sponge species, one of which (Stylissa carteri) was intensively studied. A significant difference was found in the macrofaunal community composition of Stylissa carteri along a cross-shelf gradient using relative OTU abundance (Bray-Curtis diversity index). The abundance of S. carteri also follows a cross-shelf gradient, increasing with proximity to shore. The difference in macrofaunal communities of several species of sponges at one location was found to be significant as well, using OTU presence (binary Jaccard diversity index). Four of the seven sponge species collected were dominated by a single annelid OTU, each unique to one sponge species. A fifth was dominated by four arthropod OTUs, all species-specific as well. Region-based diversity differences may be attributed to environmental factors
BIOACUMULACIÓN DE NAFTALENO Y FLUORANTENO EN EL MOLUSCO BIVALVO Anadara tuberculosa (Sowerby, 1833) BIOACCUMULATION OF NAPHTHALENE AND FLUORANTHENE IN THE BIVALVE MOLLUSC Anadara tuberculosa (Sowerby, 1833)

RESUMEN Se realizo un seguimiento a la bioacumulacion de naftaleno y de fluoranteno en el molusco bivalvo Anadara tuberculosa, mediante exposicion de 60 organismos, a una concentracion de 0,1mg/g del compuesto de ensayo, en pruebas individuales para cada sustancia, por un periodo de 30 dias. La maxima concentracion de naftaleno acumulada por los organismos alcanzo los 3,42mg/g, luego de 15 dias de exposicion, mientras que el fluoranteno presento niveles de 194,77mg/g, tras 5 dias de prueba. En los organismos expuestos a naftaleno, se registraron variaciones en la concentracion acumulada a lo largo de la prueba, contrario al comportamiento registrado en los organismos expuestos a fluoranteno, compuesto que presento un incremento en concentracion, durante la mayor parte del ensayo. Las diferencias en la cantidad acumulada de cada compuesto, se relacionan con las caracteristicas fisicoquimicas de cada uno de ellos, contando el naftaleno con una menor estabilidad y mayor movilidad en los compartimentos ambientales frente al fluoranteno.Palabras clave: Bioacumulacion, hidrocarburos aromaticos policiclicos, naftaleno, fluoranteno, Anadara tuberculosa.
Biology and predatory attributes of a diplogasterid nematode, Fictor composticola Khan et al., 2008

Summary Biology of Fictor composticola has been studied on Aphelenchus avenae in vitro. It reproduces by amphimixis, embryonic development is completed in 24 - 27 h and life cycle in 3 - 4 days. Fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei occurs in the uteri. Pulsation of median oesophageal bulb and pressing of lips against egg shell is seen just prior to hatching but teeth seem to play no role in this process. No moulting occurs inside the egg shell and the first stage juvenile hatches out. Female and male undergo mating upon addition of water in the culture plates and continue to swim in copula for a considerable time. A female lays 1.6 - 4.0 eggs in 24 h while feeding upon A. radicicolus. Predation and reproduction is affected by the temperature and 25 - 35 °C is the optimum range for these phenomena. Process of feeding as recorded with a CCTV attached to a compound microscope is described. F. composticola engulfs small preys; sucks the intestinal contents while holding them or cuts the body wall of large-sized preys and then feeds on prolapsed organs. Two sexes differ in their efficiencies of predation, a female on an average kills 53 A. avenae as compared to 11 by a male in 24 h. F. composticola feeds and reproduces on mycophagous nematodes and juveniles of root- knot, cyst and citrus nematodes but does not prey upon adult nematodes having coarsely annulated cuticle. Cannibalism in this species is also observed. F. composticola and Seinura paratenuicaudata prey upon each other. Biocontrol potential of F. composticola for managing nematode problems in button mushroom and agricultural crops has also been discussed.
COMPARISON OF THE PROBABILITY APPROACH AND THE FUZZY APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS

The paper aims to reduce the shortcomings of traditional methods based on discounted cash flows used to assess the economic efficiency of investment projects. These methods ́ main problem is how to solve the non-standard inaccuracies evoked by uncertainty of the input data that are brought into a problem. A rational approach to limit this uncertainty is provided by probabilistic models in the case that these data can be assigned by means of their distribution function. These cases are restricted by a historically short observation period on which the accuracy of the distribution of input values in a newly considered investment can build. In situations, where this distribution cannot be estimated reliably, a fuzzy approach is more appropriate tool that approximates the unknown distribution of input values by an even distribution over the interval of their possible values. Within the mutual comparison the both approaches are presented. The conditions of their application are discussed in view of the economic efficiency of long-term projects estimation and their benefits and shortcomings are presented using a specific example.
ARTS IN THE CITY

B life back into the centre of smaller cities is possible through community-led arts and culture events. This study of community and artist-led events in Barrie, Kitchener and Hamilton in Ontario suggests that these types of place-making events should be supported by smaller cities as important catalysts to downtown revitalization. In recent decades, cities of all sizes have attempted to revitalize the downtown via a myriad of approaches and strategies. Large cities are typically more successful in downtown revitalization in comparison to smaller urban centres. This research examines downtown revitalization strategies and determines that place-making approaches that emphasize arts and culture are best suited for smaller city centres. The City of Barrie served as the primary case study for this research. A proposal for the City of Barrie was drafted to assist in downtown revitalization efforts (see Appendix C). In order to understand the options available for the City of Barrie, the City of Kitchener and the City of Hamilton were examined and served as methods of best practice. The lessons learned from the City of Kitchener and the City of Hamilton have been considered in my proposal for the City of Barrie. This research has revealed that smaller cities should employ place-making strategies that emphasize the arts and culture sector in order to enhance the urban fabric. Based on comparable precedents, small scaled and strategic projects prove to be more economically feasible in comparison to costly large scaled projects. Place-making strategies result in greater economic spin-offs, facilitate community engagement, foster civic pride and advance the city’s prosperity.
Use of plant derived antimicrobials as an alternative to antibiotics

Antibiotics are marvelous drugs. They fight against various infectious diseases and saved millions of lives. However the recent failure of antibiotics due to drug resistant pathogens and rapid spread of new infections, pressurize the health organizations and pharmaceutical industries to change their strategy and stop going slow growing production of more synthetic antibiotics against the fast growing antibiotic resistant organisms. There are considerable alternative sources of natural antimicrobials from plant with different mode of actions and was found to have competitive effects compared to commercial antibiotics. This reviews shows the plant derived antimicrobials as alternative source for synthetic antimicrobials.
The Pruning Effect on the Storage Root Yield and Starch Content of Sweet Potato Clones Planted at Dry Land

Sweet potato is a dual-purpose crop, which could produce both food and feed. The vine pruning prior to storage root harvesting was intended to increase the quantity and quality of fresh forage for animal feed. This study aims to evaluate whether periodic pruning can affect the storage root yield and its starch content. This experiment employed split-plot design with two factors and three replications. The first factor as main plot was vine pruning which consisted of four distinct pruning times (four times, three times, twice and once). The second factor as sub-plot was cultivars which consisted of six dual-purpose cultivars and two controls. The storage root yields, vine yields, starch yields and the reduction in storage root yields were observed. The results showed that the vine pruning decreased the storage root yields, with small increases the vine yields. The percentage of the reduction in storage root yields were 4-58%, while the decrease vine yields are relatively inconsistent. The starch yield of the cultivars with one pruning time were in the range of 2.34-6.67 ton ha -1 . On the contrary, the three times pruning or more since 80 days after transplanted can reduce the starch yields for more than 50%. The slight increase in vines yield due to pruning was followed by the decrease in storage root yields and starch content of the sweet potato.
Security of Systems on Chip

: In recent years, technology of processors and smaller in size. This to be merged to form a circuit called tween SoC and microcontrollers, microprocessors single chip, doing all the things the are computers just by themselves. Being a computer just by themselves also as a Server-on-Chip (Davis, 2012).
Correlative growth of upper and lower tooth germs in the human foetus

Growth of corresponding upper and lower teeth was compared, using tooth germs dissected from human foetuses. Length, height and calcified height were measured on the deciduous teeth and first permanent molars. During rapid growth, corresponding upper and lower measurements are highly correlated, with a mean r of 0.976. All the measurements are correlated with crown-rump length of the foetus (mean r, 0.940); when this effect was removed by partial correlation the upper-lower correlations remained highly significant (mean r, 0.814). Later in development growth is inhibited by the spread of calcification and the correlation is reduced. This is especially so on the first deciduous molars, where the buccal cusps unite first on m1 and the mesial cusps onm,. Later growth in length of m, is correlated with that of the upper canine. The times of starting growth and calcification, calculated from the regression equations against crown-rump length, are also highly correlated (r = 0.96). A common morphogenetic basis for the opposing dentitions is indicated, predetermining their eventual occlusal relationship.
CORRELATION OF BODY MASS INDEX AND LIFESTYLE PATTERNSWITH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG FEMALE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AL MADINAH, KSA: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

1. Assistant Professor Of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, KSA. 2. Associate Professor Of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. 3. General Practitioner, Madinah, KSA. 4. Obstetrics And Gynecology Resident, King Fahad Medical City, Ryiadh, KSA. 5. Opthalmology Resident, Eastern Province Program, Eastern Province, KSA. 6. Pediatric Resident, Maternity and Children Hospital, Madinah, KSA. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 10 July 2020 Final Accepted: 14 August 2020 Published: September 2020
Impact of forest fire on diversity of hymenopteran insects – a study at Copia species-used forest, Son La Province

Besides the unsustainable exploitation, farming activities and economic development activities, forest fire is considered as one of the major threats to biodiversity and deforestation in Vietnam. In forest ecosystems, any changes in insect communities can affect species composition, nutrient cy-cling and numerous other ecological processes. The impact of forest fires, however, is not equal to different insect groups. In this paper, we study the impact of forest fires to hymenopteran insects at Copia species-use forest, Son La Province. This is the first time this kind of study has been taken place in Vietnam.
The phytogeography of the seasonally dry tropical forests in Equatorial Pacific South America

The origin, current distribution and floristic links of the seasonally dry tropical forest formations in Equatorial Pacific South America (Ecuador, Peru) are assessed by means of multivariate analyses using information from 62 floristic checklists from Neotropical dry forests. Three geographical forest groups are found: (1) coastal Ecuador and Peru plus the Peruvian dry Inter Andean valleys; (2) Central America-Caribbean (including northern South America); and (3) a Bolivian-Argentinean dry forest province. Plate tectonic events, especially the long isolation of South America until the closure of the Isthmus of Panama, the uplift of the Andes and climatic events during the Quaternary are suggested as the causes for these divisions.
Cycle évolutif d'un cestode Proteocephalidae parasite du corégone du lac Léman (Coregonus lavaretus L.)

Le cycle saisonnier de developpement de Proteocephalus, parasite du coregone du lac Leman, comprend une phase de maturite sexuelle allant de juin a septembre, suivie par une disparition des parasites adultes en hiver. Les tentatives de reconstitution du cycle parasitaire au laboratoire montrent l'importance de la densite des hotes intermediaires pour la reussite des infestations
Cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in north-west Italy

Summary The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardio-respiratory parasites in dogs in Liguria (northwest Italy) which is a region that has scarcely been studied. A total of 450 dogs (260 males and 190 females) were enrolled in the study from 2009 and 2013. All dogs lived in a rural or semi-rural environment in the provinces of Imperia (n = 352) or Savona (n = 98), Liguria. Coprological examinations showed that 197 dogs (43.8 %, CI 38.7-48.9 %) were infected by parasites. Specifically, 3.3 % of the dogs presented only cardio-respiratory species, 32.4 % only intestinal species, and 8.0 % presented a mixed infection. The most frequent intestinal parasites were Toxocara canis (20 %), Trichuris vulpis (17.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (12 %), Coccidia (2.7 %), Aonchotheca putorii (1.8 %) and Toxascaris leonina (1.8 %). The cardio-respiratory species found were Eucoleus aerophilus (9.6 %), Eucoleus boehmi (1.6 %), Angiostrongylus vasorum (0.7 %), and Crenosoma vulpis (0.2 %). A total of 116 dogs (25.8 %) were parasitized by a single species, multiple infections were observed in 81 dogs (18.0 %) up to a six-order infection. This preliminary study highlighted that the prevalence of intestinal parasites in investigated area is high. Cardio respiratory parasites were detected in an area that has not been investigated before. The creation of a more extensive sampling programme of the area, on a provincial basis in order to build a more detailed map of prevalences for different species of dog parasites throughout Liguria, a more extensive sampling programme of the area needs to be created - ideally for each province.
AuTEcoloGy oF CRAngOn CRAngOn (l.) wiTh AN EMphAsis oN lATiTuDiNAl TRENDs

This review aims to update and extend the synopsis by Tiews (1970) on the biology and fisheries of Crangon crangon ( l.). its wide distributional range along the European coast from the white sea to Morocco within the Atlantic and throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas reflects the capability of C. crangon to cope with a wide range of temperature and salinity condi - tions and is further explained by its migratory capacity. present knowledge suggests that the limit - ing factor at the northern cold water edge of its distribution is formed by egg and larval development and at the southern warm water edge by maintenance costs. No information is available about the genetic population structure, but patterns in isoenzymes and in morphometric characters indicate the existence of various subpopulations. over its distributional range, especially along the north Atlantic coast, clear trends in life-history parameters are observed, most likely reflecting tempera- ture conditions . Due to its generally high abundance, the common shrimp forms a key component in the functioning of coastal shallow ecosystems; however, it is unclear whether the population dynamics of the species is subject to top-down or bottom-up control.
Genotypic variation for water and salt stress induced proline dynamics in wheat

The present study was conducted to evaluate the proline metabolism and its cross talk with various biochemical parameters in nineteen wheat genotypes viz. C 306, C 273, C 591, C 518, Type 11, Excalibar, Krichauff, Babax, Gladius, Drysdale, Kharchia, Krl 1-4, Krl 19, PBW 175, HD 2967, PBW 621, WH 1105, HD 3086 and PBW 660 raised under water deficit (8% PEG – 6000), water withholding and salt stress (300 mM NaCl) conditions. Enzymes involved in proline synthesis [glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)] and degradation [proline dehydrogenase (PDH)] were studied in the roots and shoots of seven day old seedlings. Based on various biochemical parameters, these genotypes were categorized into four groups i.e tolerant towards water stress (Excalibar, Krichauff, Babax, Drysdale, Gladius and C 306), tolerant towards salinity stress (Kharchia, Type 11, Krl 1-4 and Krl 19), intermediate tolerant (C 273, C 518 and C 591) and susceptible towards water and salinity stress (HD 2967, PBW 621, WH 1105, HD 3086, PBW 660 and PBW 175). Genotypes tolerant to water and salt stress revealed increased proline content and 1,1 diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity alongwith reduced content of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in parallel with decreased H2O2 content. Correspondingly, higher activities of GDH, P5CS and P5CR were also observed in these genotypes. However, the declining trend of PDH activity and low contents of TBARS and H2O2 were recorded in all studied genotypes except for HD 2967, PBW 621, HD 3086, PBW 175 and WH 1105. Results were further strengthened by studying the effect of ABA and its cross talk with various parameters under different stresses in selected five genotypes viz. Gladius, Drysdale, Kharchia, PBW 660 and PBW 175. Exogenous ABA application triggered the upregulation of proline synthesis in tolerant genotypes (Kharchia, Gladius and Drysdale) which indicated a predominant role of this osmolyte in maintaining root/shoot elongation and thereby, ameliorating the deleterious effect of ROS on membrane stability both under water and salt stress conditions. Overall, results indicated that increased proline content might have contributed in upregulating proline synthesizing enzymes and thereby overcoming oxidative stress more in tolerant genotypes than susceptible ones. In crux, results indicated that GDH activity was particularly responsible in proline synthesis pathway via enhancing P5CS activity and would trigger abiotic stress tolerance. Proline metabolizing enzymes particularly P5CS and GDH could be used as a marker for enhancing tolerance to these stresses by breeders and plant biotechnologists.