Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Coalition Focused Neural-Symbolic Generative Policy Model

To facilitate information sharing between systems and devices in a coalition operation, unstructured data from various sensors must be analysed accordingly. Recent work has developed the notion of a context-dependant generative policy framework capable of learning generative policy models from strings and text-based data in a tabular format. However, in order to fully utilise generative policy models in coalition environments, it is vital that unstructured contextual information can be analysed alongside tabular data, potentially at the edge of the network. This paper performs a deep-dive into the emerging field of neural-symbolic machine learning with a view towards enabling future neural-symbolic generative policy models that are capable of analysing both structured and unstructured data present in a coalition operation, whilst providing full transparency and enabling edge of network reasoning capability. Specifically, a technique called DeepProbLog is investigated and applied to a coalition scenario, highlighting key research challenges and questions to be addressed in order to advance the capability of generative policy models for coalition operations.
Carbon Nanotubes: An Ideal Candidate for Biomedical Applications

Present review tells the importance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for biomedical applications. Various nanomaterials have widespread usage in biomedical applications on considering its tremendous superior properties. Silver nano particles, gold nano particles, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, quantum dots, graphene etc., are being widely investigated for various medicinal applications. Due to the multifunctional nature and unique physicochemical properties, carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphenes etc) have extensive application in biomedical field. Among these, functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) have great importance in biomedical field, since CNTs can interact with various biomacromolecules by physical adsorption. The improved solubility and biocompatibility of f-CNTs along with its unique optical, mechanical and electrical properties makes them as an efficient candidate for biomedical applications. Biomedical applications of CNTs have been progressing rapidly and it can be accepted as a potential biomedical agent for targeting, drug delivery, imaging, sensoring, etc.
Evaluation de la qualité des codeurs vid́eo dans le contexte de la vidéo-surveillance

Nous proposons uné etude compl̀ ete afin de fournir des recommandations de d ébits pour des codeurs de la famille MPEG-x et le MJPEG2000. Le but é ant d’avoir une qualit é perceptuelle identiquè a celle obtenue avec un codeur hardware MJPEG dont le d́ ebit est fix́e à 5.6 Mbit/s. Cette étude s’applique dans le cadre de la vid éo surveillance. En premier, unéetude objective est r éaliśee. Pour ce faire, trois métriques sont utiliś ees, le PSNR 1, l’index Universel de qualité ainsi qu’une ḿetrique que nous avons d évelopṕee. Par la suite, nous proposons une étude subjective en accord avec les recommandations ITU 2 : le test DSIS3 pour mesurer la d́egradation globale de la vid́ eo par rapportà l’originale, le test DSCQS 4 pour mesurer l’impression visuelle globale de chaque vid éo. Finalement, l’́ etude de la corrélation entre leśevaluations subjectives et objectives est ŕealiśee.
Long-Range Wireless Radio Technologies: A Survey

Wireless networks are now a part of the everyday life of many people and are used for many applications. Recently, new technologies that enable low-power and long-range communications have emerged. These technologies, in opposition to more traditional communication technologies rather defined as "short range", allow kilometer-wide wireless communications. Long-range technologies are used to form Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN). Many LPWAN technologies are available, and they offer different performances, business models etc., answering different applications’ needs. This makes it hard to find the right tool for a specific use case. In this article, we present a survey about the long-range technologies available presently as well as the technical characteristics they offer. Then we propose a discussion about the energy consumption of each alternative and which one may be most adapted depending on the use case requirements and expectations, as well as guidelines to choose the best suited technology.
Comitative-based Causative Constructions in Zarma

This paper argues that varieties of Songhay in Niger and Nigeria, in particular Zarma, have both a morphological causative marked with -andì and a comitative-based causative where the verb combines with the particle ndà. Indeed, in appropriate contexts, Verb + ndà sequences can be interpreted with a comitative meaning, such as ‘walk with’, or a causative meaning, such as ‘walk/take (somebody)’. Given that Hausa (Chadic) also has comitative-based causatives and is in close contact with these Songhay varieties, we assume an areal feature affecting the two languages, particularly since the particle ndà has lost its comitative function in the Songhay varieties spoken in Mali, which are not in contact with Hausa.
The Influence of Quenching Media and Aging Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of 6061 Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum-magnesium-silicon (Al-Mg-Si) alloys are medium strength, excellent formability, good corrosion resistance and widely used in extruded products and automotive body materials. The influence of quenching media with different aging time on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy was investigated. The results show formation of (Mg 2 Si) and (CuAl 2 ) phases when solution treatment was applied (at 520°C for 2h, followed by quenching in water and oil at room temperature then aging (at 175°C for 2, 4 and 6h)) which result improving of both the strength, hardness and decreases elongation. It can be noted that, the grains of samples which are quenching in water is finer than the structure of samples which are quenching in oil. The values of yield stress and ultimate tensile strength decrease respectively with increasing aging time to 6h as (258MPa) and (264MPa) for water quenching and (199MPa) and (235MPa) for oil quenching. In this piper were measured and discussed the variation of the yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and elongation with different solution quenching and aging time.
Preamble-less Synchronization by Short Block Autocorrelation for OFDM Systems over Multipath Fading Channels

—This paper proposes a novel symbol timing synchronization scheme for preamble-less OFDM systems. In the next generation wireless communication system we have to deal with signals from huge sensors set up every-where such as wearable devices, cars and production facilities in the factory. These applications require low latency for quick response or feedback. Preamble-less packet transmission is one of the e ﬀ ective means to reduce overhead and has been widely investigated. However, multi-path fading channel causes inter symbol interference (ISI) which worsens synchronization accuracy and leads to a negative impact on the overall system performance. The basic idea of the proposed scheme is to utilize correlation block shorter than cyclic preﬁx, so as to avoid the multipath e ﬀ ect. Computer simulations demonstrate the proposed scheme achieves improved synchronization performance and reduced computation complexity compared with the existing schemes.
Differentiable Functions for Combining First-order Constraints with Deep Learning via Weighted Proof Tracing

Effectively training deep learning models often requires massive amounts of labeled data. Recent work has shown that accuracy on small or noisy datasets can be improved by incorporating domain knowedge into a neural network in the form of logic constraints. However, this line of work does not yet scale well to more complex forms of constraints as these approaches use logics such as propositional logic or fragments of first-order logic. One source of scability issues is the expressivity bottleneck of such systems. Information such as the number of relevant objects, mathematical information or information about deep nested heirarchies can be cast in first-order logic with a linear number of formulae, but propositional logic and fragments of first-order logic may require in the worst case an exponential number of formulae to represent the same information. In this work, we design a new framework for incorporating knowledge in arbitrarily complex logics (such as full first-order logic) into neural networks. Our framework converts arbitrary logic constraints into a differentiable term that can fit into the loss function of a neural network and can be used with gradient descent. We use weighted proof tracing to get an initial differentiable function, and then we use a logic minimization algorithm to finally compress and simplify the function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first technique that can incorporate general first-order logic statements into a neural network. To demonstrate our technique, we run several object detection experiments on sets of MNIST and Fashion-MNIST images, and we show that our method significantly improves the performance of neural networks, especially in the case of noisy or missing labeled data. We also run debiasing experiments with the UCI income dataset and show that our approach can produce improved bias scores without a significant loss in accuracy.
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Newborn and Infants

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is defined as the backward flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. A common symptom complex in infants is GER, which causes parental anxiety resulting in numerous visits to the physician. Gastroesophageal reflux is a normal, common physiological process that occurs from time to time in almost everyone, of all ages, particularly after meals. It is a self-limited process in infants that usually resolves by 6 to 12 months of age. Episodes of physiological GER in healthy infants aged less than two years often are symptomatic, and regurgitation is the characteristic symptom. In most infants presenting with GER in the form of frequent regurgitation, warning signals will be absent. If the infant also has good weight gain, feeds well, and is not unusually irritable, he or she can be considered to have “uncomplicated” gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a pathological process in infants, manifested by poor weight gain, signs of esophagitis and persistent respiratory symptoms. Many tools exist for use in the workup of GERD; however, the most effective method of diagnosis is not clear. If a child is suspected of having GERD, the first step in the evaluation is a complete medical history and physical examination. The need for further testing depends upon what is found, and may rarely include one or more of the following: Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring; a pH probe is rarely useful in establishing the diagnosis of GER in infants; However, in special situations, such as infants with severe discrete episodes of symptoms (such as apnea, bradycardia, cough, or oxygen desaturation), esophageal pH monitoring may be used in conjunction with monitoring of respirations, heart rate, or oxygen saturation, radiographic; may be helpful to exclude anatomic abnormalities, and endoscopic studies; may be of benefit in patients who have not responded to dietary or empiric clinical trials and/or are suspected of having dietary protein intolerance. Conservative management involves thickened feedings, positional treatment, and parental reassurance. Most patients do not require investigation and respond either to antacid/alginates, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors or a combination of these treatments. Surgery is only rarely indicated. However, some children who present with reflux during infancy may ultimately require surgical management later in childhood. In this review, we update the literature with respect to clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of GER/GERD in newborn and infants. (JAREM 2011; 1: 21-5)
HR Practices and Employee Outcomes: A Study of Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment in Taiwanese Nursing

The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple framework of Taiwanese nurses’ job satisfaction. Based on extensive literature review, a three-tiered conceptual model of job satisfaction is developed. The first tier of the proposed model is the determinants of job satisfaction, including leader-member exchange, autonomy, opportunity to learn, co-worker interaction, and work atmosphere. The second tier is job satisfaction, while the third tier is the consequence of job satisfaction (organisational commitment). This paper can provide nursing management with insights of how to make job satisfaction work via LMX, autonomy, co-worker interaction, work atmosphere, and opportunity to learn, as well as contributes to the value of job satisfaction in enhancing organisational commitment.
The experience of Geolat group about the project DAGOClaT – Digital Atlas with Geographical Ontology for Classical Texts

DAGOClaT is a project for the creation of a Digital Atlas with Geographical Ontology for Classical Texts, supported by the Compagnia di San Paolo, and involving institutions and specialist from several fields: geography, philosophy of science, computer science and classical studies. Geolat (Geography for Latin literature) is the interdisciplinary, inter-university and international group founded to develop DAGOClaT and to enrich with geographical metadata the corpus of texts written in Latin in the classical period. Thanks to Web 2.0 technologies the researchers could be able to deploy geographic information, web cartography and analytical design in thematic mapping. The aim of Geolat group is to make this information available in digital map libraries accessible not only to scholars and teachers, but also to the general public. The project is now in a start-up phase and the main activities are in the perspective of focusing and developing methodologies to manage the complex cartographical and graphic historical information dealing with places named in Latin texts.
Parallelizing randomized convex optimization

We deﬁne a general parallelization scheme for randomized convex optimization algorithms which optimize not directly observable functions. The scheme is consistent in the sense that it is able to maintain probabilistic performance guarantees of the underlying algorithm. At the same time—due to the parallelization—it achieves a speedup over the optimization algorithm of Θ( c 1 / lg d ) , where c is the number of employed processors and d is the dimension of the solutions. A particular consequence is that all convex optimization problems that can be solved in polynomial time with probabilistic performance guarantees can also be solved efﬁ-ciently in parallel, i.e., in polylogarithmic time on polynomially many processors. To achieve that, the scheme runs the algorithm in parallel to produce intermediate solutions of a weak guarantee and improves them by iteratively replacing solution sets by their Radon point.
Ischemic Lesion on Computed Tomography after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Good Correlation With Angiographic Vasospasm and Worse Outcome

Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of angiographic vasospasm and computed tomography (CT) detectable cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage, the relationship between these events, and the impact on outcome. Patients and Methods:We prospective enrolled 54 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated from March 2011 to January 2013. CT and CT angiography of brain were obtained on the ninth day of rupture regardless of neurological status. The control brain CT and CT angiography were obtained earlier if clinical symptoms implied delayed cerebral ischemia. The outcome was assessed after 6 months using the extended Glasgow Outcome scale scale. Results:Fifty-four percent of the patients recruited had CT angiography vasospasm and 46% had cerebral ischemia on CT scans. Our study shows a strong correlation between angiographic vasospasm and cerebral ischemia visible on CT (P=0.001) and severity of vasospasm and frequency of ischemia (P=0.03). Twenty percent of the patients showed ischemia with no demonstrable vasospasm confirming multiple cause of delayed cerebral ischemia. Logistic regression model has shown the strong impact of angiographic vasospasm (P=0.004, odds ratio=6.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.83-26.65) and arterial hypertension (P=0.02, odds ratio=4.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-16.01) on the development of cerebral ischemia. Angiographic vasospasm (P=0.01) and cerebral ischemia (P=0.005) were associated with worse 6-month outcome. Conclusion:A strong association exists between angiographic vasospasm and cerebral ischemia on CT although some ischemia occurs in area without vasospasm.
Progressive Spatiotemporal Variance-Guided Filtering

Path tracing is still very hard to do in real-time due to its complex recursive light interactions: even the newest GPUs struggle to keep real-time framerates for more than just a few samples per pixel, which can lead to a very noisy output or even no useful data for some more problematic areas. This paper uses a recent approach to processing the resulting image: demodulated samples are accumulated from previous frames using reprojection and subsequently filtered by a fast bilateral filter constrained by normals, depth, and variance (which will stop blurring valuable details). This results in a temporally stable noise-free output which converges in a few frames. We implemented the method using OpenGL and incorporated it in an existing high-performance CPU path tracer. We extended the method by putting it in the progressive rendering framework, where initially less than one sample per pixel is shot to increase interactivity. We evaluate the performance and visual quality of this algorithm in several test cases with mostly diffuse illumination.
Reflexes of a Labiovelar Series in Central Sudanic

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Reflexes of a Labiovelar Series in Central Sudanic Pascal Boyeldieu
Addendum to “Information Consistency of Nonparametric Gaussian Process Methods”

In this note, we present additional material for the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory correspondence [1]. The appendix of this paper is technically very dense. With this note, we hope to achieve a better understanding of the concepts used there. 1 Widom’s Theorem. Application to the Matérn Class It is argued in [1] how information consistency statements and corresponding rates can be obtained by first proving a regret bound for the cumulative log loss of the Bayesian strategy versus RKHS experts, then bounding the expected regret term E[R], R = log |I + cK | . Now, E[R] depends on the covariance function K for the GP prior (which is also the RKHS kernel for the expert space) and on the covariate distribution dμ(x), where x ∈ Rd. For a “linear kernel”, when the expert space is a finite-dimensional linear space, then E[R] = O(log n) if μ has bounded support. For nonlinear kernels1 however, the RKHS is typically of infinite dimension and contains very irregular functions. Among different kernels, it is now the RKHS norm ‖f‖K assigned to a function f which correctly captures the complexity of the kernel, rather than the “size” of the RKHS (however this is defined). A very useful way of studying the kernel K in relation to some probability measure μ is to look at the spectrum of the positive semi-definite operator on L2(μ) induced by K. If K is continuous and Hilbert-Schmidt in L2(μ), then the spectrum of this operator is discrete and non-negative, with K(x,x′) = ∑ s≥0 λsφs(x)φs(x ′). (1) Here, {(λs, φs) | s ≥ 0} is a complete orthonormal eigensystem of K in L2(μ), λsφs(x) = Ex′∼μ [ K(x,x)φs(x ′) ] , (2) The so-called “polynomial kernels” are linear kernels from this viewpoint.
Impacts of Chemical and Synoptic Processes on Summer Tropospheric Ozone Trend in North China

Compared with other regions in China, air pollution on the North China Plain (NCP) is serious. Fine particle pollution has been studied in-depth, but there is less research on long-term troposphere ozone (O3) variation. This study focuses on the summer interannual tropospheric O3 variation on the NCP and its influential factors. Our analysis relies on satellite observations (O3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and formaldehyde (HCHO), determined as vertical column density of the troposphere) and dynamical processes (El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), potential vorticity (PV), the quasibiennial oscillation (QBO), and East Asian summer monsoon index (EASMI)). Our results show the vertical column density of tropospheric O3 has a transition from the increasing trend to decreasing trend during the summer of 2005–2016. The summer series of tropospheric O3 show two distinct phases: the first phase (2005–2011), with an average growth rate of 0.55 ± 0.20 DU/yr, and a second phase (2012–2016), with an average reduction rate of 0.16 ± 0.23 DU/yr. The tropospheric NO2 column in the NCP also has a transition from the increasing trend to decreasing trend during the summer of 2005–2016. Tropospheric NO2 and CO column concentrations obtained from satellite observations indicate that emission reductions might be the main cause of the tropospheric O3 decrease. Particularly, the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is more significant, and NO2 decreased by (0.45 ± 0.11) × 1015 molec·cm−2 per year in summer since 2012. However, tropospheric column HCHO shows an increase of 0.05 × 1015 molec·cm−2 per year during the whole period of 2005 to 2016. An O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity experiment in the NCP showed that the O3 is still in a NOx-saturated state in some heavily polluted cities, although the NOx emissions are decreasing overall. In addition to the chemical reactions, atmospheric dynamic processes also have an effect on tropospheric O3. Finally, we built a model to analyze the contributions of chemical processes and dynamic processes to the tropospheric O3 column in the NCP. For the chemical process variables, 69.73% of the observed trend of tropospheric O3 could be explained by the NO2 tropospheric column. Therefore, the reduction of tropospheric O3 since 2012 is associated with the reduction of NOx. For the dynamical process variables, ENSO, PV, and EASMI can explain 60.64% of the observed trend of tropospheric O3. This result indicates that the atmospheric circulation of the western Pacific Ocean in summer has a significant impact on the interannual trends of tropospheric O3 in the NCP. It is also found that chemical processes had a more important impact on interannual tropospheric O3 than dynamic processes, although the dynamic processes cannot be neglected.