Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular polymers and other approaches to remandable materials

Supramolecular polymers are built from monomers which are held together by non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding or metal coordination. [1] The reversibility of these interactions gives rise to a range of intriguing properties that are not found in covalent polymers, such as a strong dependence of mechanical properties on temperature. Over the past ten years, we have studied supramolecular polymers based on the Ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) hydrogen bonding unit [2]. This self-complementary unit dimerizes via 4 hydrogen bonds (Fig.1a) with an association constant of 6 × 10 M, corresponding to approximately 1/8 of the strength of a covalent C-C bond. When 2 UPy groups are connected by a low molecular weight or polymeric linker unit, the resulting bifunctional molecules reversibly polymerize by means of UPy dimerization (Fig. 1b). These compounds have polymer-like properties at room temperature, while at elevated temperature, or in the presence of hydrogen bond-breaking solvents, they behave as low molecular weight materials. In this lecture recent work will be discussed, in which we have investigated the potential of this concept for remendable materials. In this respect, it is particularly important to reconcile the intrinsic reversibility of the hydrogen bonding units with the absence of flow required for many materials. A promising approach is the immobilization of the UPy end groups from the bulk of the material by phase separation. This results in materials with properties similar to those of thermoplastic elastomers, but now self assembled from small fragments with high mobility at elevated temperatures. [3] The use of these materials in fibrous composites will also be discussed.
Unemployment insurance generosity and crime

ABSTRACT Previous studies show that unemployment has a positive effect on crime rates; however, unemployment insurance (UI) benefits could mitigate these effects. Using county-level unemployment and crime data and taking advantage of the UI law changes across states and over time (1990–2016), we provide new evidence that the UI benefits act as a buffer against local labour market shocks. A one-standard-deviation increase in benefits is associated with 2.4% and 1.9% lower property and violent crime rates for a county at average unemployment.
The pattern of Comorbidities and Multimorbidity among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Spain: CoMCoR study

Colorectal cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Spain. Cancer treatment and outcomes can be influenced by tumor characteristics, patient general health status and comorbidities. Numerous studies have analyzed the influence of comorbidity on cancer outcomes, but limited information is available regarding the frequency and distribution of comorbidities in colorectal cancer patients, particularly elderly ones, in the Spanish population. We developed a population-based study of all incident colorectal cancer cases diagnosed in Spain in 2011 to describe the frequency and distribution of comorbidities, as well as tumor and healthcare factors. Data were obtained from two population-based cancer registries and the complete revision of patients’ digitalized clinical records history. We then characterized the most prevalent comorbidities by patient, tumor and health care factors, as well as dementia and multimorbidity, and developed an interactive web application to visualize our findings. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (23.6%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.2%), and congestive heart failure (14.5%). Dementia was the most common comorbidity among patients aged ≥75 years. Patients with dementia had a 30% higher prevalence of being diagnosed at stage IV and the highest prevalence of emergency hospital admission after colorectal cancer diagnosis (33%). Colorectal cancer patients with dementia were nearly three times more likely to do not receive surgical treatment. Age ≥75 years, obesity, male sex, being a current smoker, having surgery more than 60 days after cancer diagnosis, and not receiving surgical treatment were associated with a higher prevalence of multimorbidity. Patients with multimorbidity aged ≥75 years showed a higher prevalence of hospital emergency admission followed by surgery the same day of the admission (37%). We found a consistent pattern in the distribution and frequency of comorbidities and multimorbidity among colorectal cancer patients. The high frequency of stage IV diagnosis among patients with dementia and the high proportion of older patients not receiving surgical treatment are significant findings that require policy actions.
A simple model of the long-term interest rate

Abstract This paper presents a simple model of the long-term interest rate. The model represents Keynes’s conjecture that the central bank’s actions influence the long-term interest rate primarily through the short-term interest rate, while allowing for other important factors. It relies on the geometric Brownian motion to formally model Keynes’s conjecture. Geometric Brownian motion has been widely used in modeling interest rate dynamics in quantitative finance. However, it has not been used to represent Keynes’s conjecture. Empirical studies in support of the Keynesian perspective and the stylized facts on the dynamics of the long-term interest rate on government bonds suggest that interest rate models based on Keynes’s conjecture can be advantageous.
Novelty, distillation, and federation in machine learning for medical imaging

The practical application of deep learning methods in the medical domain has many challenges. Pathologies are diverse and very few examples may be available for rare cases. Where data is collected it may lie in multiple institutions and cannot be pooled for practical and ethical reasons. Deep learning is powerful for image segmentation problems but ultimately its output must be interpretable at the patient level. Although clearly not an exhaustive list, these are the three problems tackled in this thesis. To address the rarity of pathology I investigate novelty detection algorithms to find outliers from normal anatomy. The problem is structured as first finding a low-dimension embedding and then detecting outliers in that embedding space. I evaluate for speed and accuracy several unsupervised embedding and outlier detection methods. Data consist of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for interstitial lung disease for which healthy and pathological patches are available; only the healthy patches are used in model training. I then explore the clinical interpretability of a model output. I take related work by the Canon team — a model providing voxel-level detection of acute ischemic stroke signs — and deliver the Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS, a measure of stroke severity). The data are acute head computed tomography volumes of suspected stroke patients. I convert from the voxel level to the brain region level and then to the patient level through a series of rules. Due to the real world clinical complexity of the problem, there are at each level — voxel, region and patient — multiple sources of “truth”; I evaluate my results appropriately against these truths. Finally, federated learning is used to train a model on data that are divided between multiple institutions. I introduce a novel evolution of this algorithm — dubbed “soft federated learning” — that avoids the central coordinating
Control of fungal pathogens of Triticum aestivum using endophytic fungi and non-conventional fungicides

CONTROL OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM USING ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AND NON-CONVENTIONAL FUNGICIDES Abdurraouf Sadek Abaya Advisor: University of Guelph, 2020 Dr. Tom Hsiang Wheat diseases result in major losses worldwide. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of endophytic fungi or non-conventional fungicides on suppressing wheat pathogens. Endophytic fungal isolates recovered from wheat were found to be antagonistic to the fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum, Microdochium majus, or Waitea circinata in dual culture experiments. A hyphal plug sandwich of three selected antagonistic endophytic fungi inhibited the severity of diseases caused by Fusarium graminearum (36-80%) and Waitea circinata (31-80%) on wheat plants in growth room tests. Agar inoculum of Simplicillium lamellicola or Clonostachys rosea was applied to an upper or lower leaf four days before agar inoculum of F. graminearum, resulted in systemically induced disease resistance in the pathogen-inoculated leaf, and reduced lesion lengths by 68-70% in growth room tests and 4349% in outdoor garden tests. S. lamellicola or C. rosea added to soil before seeding or seeds soaked in biocontrol increased the growth of Triticum aestivum at the seedling stage compared with untreated control by up to 22%. Spore suspensions of S. lamellicola or C. rosea significantly reduced Fusarium head blight (FHB) in the growth room tests (58-66%), outdoor garden tests (67-74%), and field tests (71-76%). Treatments with 1% humic acid, 1% phosphite, 30 mM para-aminobenzoic acid, 10 mM salicylic acid, or 2% Civitas + 0.2% Harmonizer on five-week-old plants significantly reduced foliar disease in growth room tests by 67-96%. For adult stage tests, these non-conventional fungicide treatments were sprayed three hours before the spore suspension of F. graminearum was applied to wheat spikes in the growth room, and these compounds significantly reduced FHB by 27-92% on the moderately resistant cultivar ‘Glenn’ and by 40-72% on the susceptible cultivar ‘Wilkin’. For outdoor garden tests, nonconventional fungicides were sprayed three days before inoculating the spike with the F. graminearum and significantly reduced FHB by 54-95%. In field trials, 1% humic acid significantly reduced FHB index % on three wheat cultivars, ‘Wilkin’, ‘Glenn’, and ‘AAC Scotia’ by 54%, 69%, and 80%, respectively. S. lamellicola and non-conventional fungicide treatments are promising for control of diseases caused by F. graminearum and other wheat
An Improvement of Chalet Management System

The constant growth of the tourism industry in Malaysia has led to the rise of the hospitality industry over recent years. The major tourism SMEs are usually providing the needs or demand of touristy to tourists such as food, accommodation, transportation and other necessities. This paper focuses on the issues of poor customer satisfaction and operational performance that occur in a small and medium scale hospitality company and the ways to solve the problem by developing a prototype of the Chalet Management System. The five whys analysis was used to identify the problems that occur in the hospitality company. The prototype of the Chalet Management System is developed by using Rapid Application Development (RAD) technique with Microsoft Access. This study showed that the Chalet Management System had improved customer satisfaction and operational performance by decreasing the registration process lead time and improving data accuracy and efficiency. The proposed system also received positive feedbacks with its functionalities from the company
Genes essential for embryonic stem cells are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are key components in generating mouse models for human diseases and performing basic research on pluripotency, yet the number of genes essential for mESCs is still unknown. We performed a genome-wide screen for essential genes in mESCs and compared it to screens in human cells. We found that essential genes are enriched for basic cellular functions, are highly expressed in mESCs, and tend to lack paralog genes. We discovered that genes that are essential specifically in mESCs play a role in pathways associated with their pluripotent state. We show that 29.5% of human genes intolerant to loss-of-function mutations are essential in mouse or human ESCs, and that the human phenotypes most significantly associated with genes essential for ESCs are neurodevelopmental. Our results provide insights into essential genes in the mouse, the pathways which govern pluripotency, and suggest that many genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are essential at very early embryonic stages.
Fatores de Risco Cardiovascular em Cardiologistas Especialistas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

Resumo Fundamento: Principal causa de morte em todo o mundo, as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e sua prevalência nos médicos cardiologistas são pouco conhecidas. Objetivos: Descrever os hábitos de vida e os fatores de risco cardiovascular e verificar a prevalência de diagnóstico, conhecimento e controle dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares (FRCV) de médicos cardiologistas associados e especialistas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico nacional transversal que avaliou cardiologistas brasileiros por meio de questionário sobre hábitos de vida, doenças preexistentes, medicações em uso, medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial e dosagens de glicose e lípideos sanguíneos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 555 cardiologistas, 67,9% do sexo masculino, média de idade de 47,2±11,7 anos. A maioria era não tabagista (88,7%), fisicamente ativa (77,1%), consumia bebida alcóolica (78,2%), com circunferência abdominal normal (51,7%) e excesso de peso (56,1%). As prevalências de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), diabetes mellitus (DM) e dislipidemia (DLP) foram de 32,4%, 5,9% e 49,7%, respectivamente e, destes, apenas 57,2%, 45,5% e 49,6% sabiam ter as doenças. Conclusões: Os cardiologistas brasileiros participantes do estudo apresentaram prevalências significativas de HAS, DM e DLP, mas apenas a metade dos participantes sabia ser portador dessas condições e, entre eles, as taxas de controle eram baixas para HAS e DLP, apesar de os cardiologistas serem profissionais detentores de conhecimento diferenciado sobre esses FRCV. Os achados representam um alerta para a abordagem dos FRCV em cardiologistas brasileiros e estimulam a realização de estudos futuros.
Calidad del servicio de las residencias universitarias y la satisfacción de los estudiantes internos de la Universidad Peruana Unión sede Lima, 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la relación que existe entre la calidad del servicio de las residencias universitarias y la satisfacción de los estudiantes internos de la Universidad Peruana Unión sede Lima, 2017. La investigación es descriptiva, correlacional, no experimental de diseño transversal. Para medir la calidad del servicio se utilizó el servqual y para medir la satisfacción se utilizó un instrumento basado en los elementos de satisfacción de Kotler. La muestra es de 225 estudiantes internos pertenecientes a las residencias de la Universidad Peruana Unión sede Lima. Para determinar la correlación se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman. Los resultados mostraron un p-valor (Sig.) de 0,000 y un coeficiente de correlación de 0.778. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que existe relación estadísticamente significativa y fuerte entre la calidad del servicio de las residencias universitarias y la satisfacción de los estudiantes internos de la Universidad Peruana Unión sede Lima.
Microbial transformation of carbon-14 labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in an activated sludge system

A scheme for fractionating the biomass into successive portions, comprising carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins plus an insoluble residue was developed, and further fractionation was applied to the lipid component. No radioactive carbon dioxide was formed; the radioactivity was about equally distributed between the floc and the supernatant, and was mainly associated with the lipid and protein fractions, although their basic constituents (fatty acids and amino acids) were not radioactive. Further studies of the radioactive material isolated from these fractions showed that they were polyamide-type compounds formed by condensation of the degradation products of TNT with the basic constituents of microbial flora. They were resistant to further biodegradation.
Best Proximity Point Results for G-Proximal Geraghty Mappings

Let $(X,d)$ be a complete metric space endowed with a graph $G. $We introduce a new type of Geraghty contractions which are $G$-proximal. Best proximity theorems for these mappings in $X$ are given as well as an example supporting the main result. Moreover, we obtain several consequences which generalize other results in the literature.
Polymers for Microelectronics

Abstract : A comparative study of polystyrene (PS) with bis(perfluorophenyl) azides 1-2 and the corresponding non-fluorinated bisazides 3-4 as deep-UV resists is reported. Inclusion of as low as 1.2 wt-% of 1 in PS led to 70% retention of film thickness after photolysis and development. PS containing 2.4 wt-% of 1 is > 100 times more sensitive as a deep-UV negative resist than PS itself. The presence of 1 in PS also increased the contrast of the resist. On a molar basis, 1 was about 10 times as effective as non-fluorinated bisazide 3 in cross-linking PS while 2 was about 6 times as effective as 4. PS containing 2.4 wt-% of 1 was found to have a deep-UV sensitivity of 5-10 mJ/sq cm and resolution of about 0.5 micrometer. Polymers, Deep-UV negative resists, Cross-linking.
Analisis Malware Berdasarkan Tujuan Pembuatan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Hybrid Pada Android

Abstrak Malware android adalah salah satu permasalahan yang kini marak diperbincangkan oleh pengguna, alasannya adalah karena sebagian besar waktu yang dimiliki masyarakat digunakan untuk berinteraksi dengan dunia maya. Perkembangan malware dari hari ke hari mulai terlihat, malware yang awalnya terdapat pada sistem komputer kini mulai masuk ke ranah Smartphone. Tidak lagi diperuntukan untuk merusak Malware kini hadir dengan berbagai macam jenis dan kegunaan. Penelitian demi penilitian muncul membahas bagaimana mengatasi pergerakan malware yang kian pesat mulai dari meningkatkan kualitas deteksi dengan menggabungkan algoritma deteksi dinamis dan statis hingga menggunakan bantuan Machine learning. Dari sekian banyak penelitian tersebut muncul pengkategorian pada Malware dengan tujuan memudahkan penelitian. Pengkategorian tersebut selalu berubah – ubah dari tahun ke tahun alasannya karena banyaknya Malware yang muncul tiap harinya. Pada penelitian kali ini penulis berkesempatan untuk membahas perkembangan dari malware berdasarkan tujuan pembuatan nya atau kategori dari malware itu sendiri. Penilitian ini akan melibatkan analisis hybrid dengan menggunakan parameter dari perilaku Malware sehingga dapat diketahui sejauh mana malware telah berkembang. Abstract Android malware is one of the problems that is now widely discussed by users, the reason being that most of the time people have is used to interact with cyberspace. The development of malware from day to day began to be seen, malware that was originally found on a computer system is now beginning to enter the realm of smartphones. No longer intended to damage Malware now comes with various types and uses. Research for the sake of research appears to discuss how to deal with the increasingly rapid movement of malware ranging from improving the quality of detection by combining dynamic and static detection algorithms to using Machine learning. Of the many studies that emerge categorizing Malware with the aim of facilitating research. Categorization is always changing - change from year to year the reason because of the many Malware that appear every day. In this study the author had the opportunity to discuss the development of malware based on the purpose of its creation or the category of malware itself. This research will involve hybrid analysis using parameters of Malware behavior so that it can be seen how far the malware has developed.
What Can Complex Abdominal Wall Hernia Surgeons Learn About Quality of Life From Ancient Greek Philosophers?

Ancient philosophers were the first to explore the concept of quality of life. Their conceptual views although complemented, challenged or replaced by other schools of thought such as Positivism, still underpin many modern thoughts pertaining to quality of life. QoL and its measurement are vital in healthcare. Often it is a perceived deterioration in QoL that prompts a surgical consult. Here, we outline some Greek philosophical thoughts about quality of life and highlight implica
Opportunities and challenges for in situ, fermentation-based microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) in a high-salinity oilfield

Dynamic flow-through experiments in porous media are important for studying biogeochemical interactions in soils, groundwater aquifers or for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this study, we set up dynamic sandpack experiments for screening the microbial EOR (MEOR) potential of a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir operated by Wintershall. Main requirements for the setup were establishing a reproducible, reservoir-representative permeability and sterile and anaerobic conditions. 5 To detect potential oxygen intrusion we measured Fe2+ / Fe3+ as well as the oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen in different parts of the experimental setup. The final setup could be operated under a pressure of 5 bar and consisted entirely of inert glass or high-performance polymer compounds with a high chemical resistance and insusceptibility to corrosion. PEEK, ETFE / ECTFE, PCTFE and FEP / PFA were identified as most compatible materials for the demanding requirements of the 10 setup. Also, the dry-packing procedure applied resulted in a stable packing and by using different grain sizes, reproducible permeabilities in the range of 10,000 – 800 mD could be realized. Oxygen intrusion was very low, allowing 90 ± 10 % of Fe2+ to be preserved in the setup effluent under abiotic conditions and a flow of 1 mL*h-1. Under unsterile conditions, even highly reductive microbial pathways such as methanogenesis occurred. This paper includes a revised dry-packing procedure for establishing 15 sandpacks, lists potential non-metal materials to be used and highlights important design aspects to be considered for anaerobic and sterile MEOR experiments.
Developing a Machine Vision System to Detect Weeds from Potato Plant

crops, different weeds grow along with potatoes in agricultural fields. These weeds reduce the performance of crops due to competing with them to absorb water, light, and nutrients from soil. Accordingly, in this study, a machine vision system with the hybrid artificial neural network-ant colony algorithm (ANN-ACO) classifier was developed for a site-specific spraying considering the weed type. Potato plant and three weed types including Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare L. , and Secale cereale L. were used in this study. A digital camera (SAMSUNG WB151F (CCD, 14.2 MP, 30f/s) was placed in the center of the video acquisition system. The distance between plants and the digital camera was fixed at 40 cm. For video acquisition, only lamps of white LED with a light intensity of 327 lux were selected. For filming in order to evaluate the proposed system, a 4-hectare area of Agria potato fields in Kermanshah-Iran (longitude: 7.03°E; latitude: 4.22°N) was selected. Employing the Gamma test, among 31 features, 5 features (Luminance and Hue corresponding to YIQ color space, Autocorrelation, Contrast, and Correlation) were selected. The correct classification accuracy for testing and training data using three classifiers of the hybrid ANN-ACO, radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network, and Discriminant analysis (DA) was 99.6% and 98.13%, 97.24% and 91.23%, and 69.8% and 70.8%, respectively. The results show that the accuracy of DA statistical method is much lower than that of the hybrid ANN-ACO classifier. Consequently, the results of the present study can be used in machine vision system for the optimum spraying of herbicides.