Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMPLOYMENT OF POPULATION AS A BASIC INDEX OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRY

The actual problem of modern economical theory and practice is a problem of guaranteeing of full employment. The aggravation of this problem during the economic crisis period stimulate the necessity of searching affective mechanism to overcome unemployment and development common form of labor. In the article the level of employment in 2005-2014 years, means of its increasing are investigated using recommendations of MOP, which were created especially for Ukraine. Statistical information from Ukrainian Government Statistical Agency was used some practical recommendations to stable situation of employment in the country were given. Methodology . Using the systematic approach the current state of employment rate in Ukraine was investigated and steps for development of labor market were found. Using the economic and statistical methods, the actual state of employment rate was studied. Information for the last 10 years about employment rate in Ukraine was studied. Information from web-site of Ukrainian Government Statistical Agency was used. Results . The results of the survey showed the rate of employment was rising from 2005 till 2008 years. After that this rate has been reducing till today. The reason of this employment crisis was determined and after that some practical recommendation about rising employment rate and stability situation at Ukrainian labor market were given. We recommend to develop some entrepreneurial activities in Ukraine, to develop self-employment, but there are many problems to start these activities. People, who want to start entrepreneurial activities have many problems with high level of taxes, with high level of payments to other social systems. And they can’t get credit, because of high percentage and short time. Many young people can’t start work without work experience. We recommend to introduce Government programs, where young people can start work with the smaller salary and get experience for developing their skills. Practical implications . We have researched the Ukrainian labor market and analyzed the statistical information about employment rate in the country. We have analyzed the reasons of unemployment and have recommended some actions about rising employment rate. Value/оriginality . The researching was provided for better understanding the situation at the Ukrainian labor market. After that the reasons of employment crisis were determined and the some actions for the development Ukrainian labor market were recommended.
Execution of Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1)-induced Apoptosis by the Mitochondria-dependent Caspase Activation*

ASK1 activates JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and constitutes a pivotal signaling pathway in cytokine- and stress-induced apoptosis. However, little is known about the mechanism of how ASK1 executes apoptosis. Here we investigated the roles of caspases and mitochondria in ASK1-induced apoptosis. We found that benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk), a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, mostly inhibited ASK1-induced cell death, suggesting that caspases are required for ASK1-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of ASK1ΔN, a constitutively active mutant of ASK1, induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 but not of caspase-8-like proteases. Consistently, caspase-8-deficient (Casp8 −/−) cells were sensitive to ASK1-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis, suggesting that caspase-8 is dispensable for ASK1-induced apoptosis, whereas ASK1 failed to activate caspase-3 in caspase-9-dificient (Casp9 −/−) cells. Moreover, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, which was not inhibited by zVAD-fmk, preceded the onset of caspase-3 activation and cell death induced by ASK1. ASK1 thus appears to execute apoptosis mainly by the mitochondria-dependent caspase activation.
An evolutionary learning model based on FSS and eigenspace approaches for distance-alterable face recognition

In pattern recognition, the performance is almost limited by the quality of data and influence of environment. And, it is hard to consider all variations of data in advance. Thus, in this paper, we propose an evolutionary learning model which can utilize basic information to absorb related information. The performance can be improved because knowledge gets richer. However, if the wrong information is learnt, the performance will decay seriously. In order to avoid the problem, a tutor scheme is necessary. Therefore, we propose a Feature Selection Strategy (FSS), which can sieve out the redundant and wrong information. Besides, an eigenspace approach called ILDA and corresponding distance measure method are adopted to assist FSS and recognition. In the experiments, we apply the evolutionary learning model in face recognition system. Few clear and straight face images are provided as basic information of subjects, and face images shot in different distance are recognized with learning model or not. By comparing the accuracy, we verify the performance of the proposed evolutionary learning model is suitable for distance-alterable face recognition. Otherwise, we replace ILDA with PCA, and repeat the experiment again. The experimental results indicate the feasibility of the evolutionary learning model.
Estimating design effort using parametric models: A case study at Pratt & Whitney Canada

Aerospace is very important to the Canadian economy, with over 80,000 employees and generating over $20 billion dollars in revenue. However, this industry like many others is facing many challenges. One of them is the difficulty in being able to estimate design effort required in a design project, which impacts not only resource requirements and lead-time but also the final cost. This article presents the findings of a case study conducted for Pratt & Whitney Canada, recognized as a global leader in the design and manufacturing of aircraft engines. The study models parametric cost estimation relationships to estimate the design effort of integrated blade-rotor low-pressure compressor fans. Several effort drivers are selected to model the relationship. Comparative analyses of three types of models are conducted. The model with the best accuracy and significance in design estimation is retained.
Identification and expression of a novel family of bHLH cDNAs related to Drosophila hairy and enhancer of split.

In this report we describe the initial characterization of murine, human, and Drosophila hesr-1 (for hairy and enhancer of split related-1) a novel evolutionary conserved family of hairy/enhancer of split homologs. Hesr-1 cDNAs display features typical of hairy and enhancer of split-type bHLH proteins including a N-terminal bHLH domain a conserved orange domain immediately C-terminal to the bHLH region. Despite their similarity to known hairy/enhancer of split homologs, hesr-1 cDNAs are divergent members of the hairy and enhancer of split bHLH family since the degree of sequence identity within the bHLH and their nearest homologs are relatively low. Moreover, the tetrapeptide motif, WRPW, which is found in all hairy and enhancer of split family members, is not present in hesr-1. Rather, a variant of this motif, YRPW, is found. Analysis of embryonic murine hesr-1 expression by in situ hybridization reveals strong expression in the somitic mesoderm, the central nervous system, the kidney, the heart, nasal epithelium, and limbs indicating a role for hesr-1 in the development of these tissues. Like the enhancer of split cDNAs in Drosophila, we show that hesr-1 expression depends critically on signaling through the notch pathway in murine embryos, suggesting that aspects of hesr-1 regulation and function might also be evolutionary conserved.
Neurochemistry of Trigeminal Activation in an Animal Model of Migraine

Research techniques such as electrophysiology, cFos protein expression, and other measurements of neuronal activation provide insights into the pathophysiology of pain processing in migraine, but they do not indicate the specific neurotransmitter systems involved. This paper summarizes data from microdialysis experiments in which changes in the neurochemistry of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) were monitored during dural stimulation. Microdialysis allows the measurement of extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters in a small area of the brain, in vivo, by means of a probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Microdialysis enables direct measurement of changes in extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters in the intact animal over time in response to dural inflammation. Following the activation of the dural nociceptors, changes in the extracellular amino acid neurotransmitters in the deep lamina of the TNC were tracked. A 5‐minute application of inflammatory soup when compared with saline to the dura of rats induced a transient decrease in extracellular glutamate in the TNC at approximately 30 minutes postapplication. This short‐lived decrease was followed by a continuous increase in extracellular glutamate to a level of approximately 3 times the baseline value at 3 hours after application of the inflammatory soup. The time course of this increase in extracellular glutamate correlated with changes in sensory thresholds on the face of the rat from electrophysiological recordings of secondary sensory neurons in the TNC. No significant differences between the inflammatory soup and saline conditions were observed for extracellular concentrations of aspartate (an excitatory amino acid) or the inhibitory neurotransmitters gamma‐aminobutyric acid or glutamine. Results of these experiments support an integral role for glutamate in central sensitization of neurons in the TNC, and suggest an important contribution of glutamate to allodynia and hyperalgia in this animal model of migraine.
The extension of statistical face detection to face tracking

A real time probablistic face tracking system using monocular vision is presented based on face target acquisition and subsequent particle filtering techniques. First, the face target acquisition and initialization stage used a skin color classification and statistical face model matching apprroach to find the face target. Subsequently, the particle filtering technique is used to track the state space of face movements. And finally, the optical flow information was used to find motion information for sample redistrbution. The system places emphasis on the automatic face target initialzation stage, which has been assumed to be solved or labled manually in most other face detection and instillation stage is executed in less than 250 msec and the subsequent face tracking stage functions at 30 fps comfortably with 160x120 pixel resolution live videos.
Two-year randomized controlled prospective trial converting treatment of stable renal transplant recipients with cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinomas to sirolimus.

PURPOSE In light of the significant morbidity and mortality of cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in renal transplant recipients, we investigated whether conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression from standard immunosuppression could diminish the recurrence rate of these skin cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a 2-year randomized controlled trial, 155 renal transplant recipients with at least one biopsy-confirmed SCC were stratified according to age (< 55 v ≥ 55 years) and number of previous SCCs (one to nine v ≥ 10) and randomly assigned to conversion to sirolimus (n = 74) or continuation of their original immunosuppression (n = 81). Development of a new SCC within 2 years after random assignment was the primary end point. RESULTS After 2 years of follow-up, the risk reduction of new SCCs in the multivariable analysis was not significant, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.48 to 1.2; P = .255), compared with a non-sirolimus-based regimen. After the first year, there was a significant 50% risk reduction, with an HR of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.90; P = .021) for all patients together and an HR of 0.11 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.94; P = .044) for patients with only one previous SCC. The tumor burden of SCC was reduced during the 2-year follow-up period in those receiving sirolimus (0.82 v 1.38 per year; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.82; P = .006) if adjusted for the number of previous SCCs and age. Twenty-nine patients stopped taking sirolimus because of various adverse events. CONCLUSION Conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression failed to show a benefit in terms of SCC-free survival at 2 years.
EWU-Krisenmanagement: Warum die Politik auf dem richtigen Weg ist

Summary With troubles in the European Monetary Union (EMU) showing great persistence, the emergency measures and ad-hoc crisis management of European authorities has been subject to harsh criticism. The current fierce debate among economists and the broad public has given rise to two camps advocating fundamentally different approaches how to exit the sustained crisis. While according to the Integrationists′ view, the only viable way to get rid of pressing debt problems and to restore confidence in the Euro area lies in a common guarantee for national debt obligations, so-called Minimalists advocate a strict return to the cornerstones of the Maastricht Treaty, in particular strict compliance with the debt and deficit limits laid out by the Treaty as well as a credible application of the ‚no-bail-out‘ rule. However, in their pure form, both strategies do not serve for a timely and effective crisis management as they either require a level of supranational integration that - given the still prevalent Westphalian order - cannot be attained in the short run nor is it on the agenda of European policy, or essentially deny the significant flaws within the EMU architecture that failed to prevent current fiscal woes. The current crisis management of European authorities has followed neither of the two extremes but has taken a viable middle-of-the-road approach that resulted in useful and necessary repairs to the institutional architecture of the Euro area, most notably the establishment of the commonly guaranteed stability mechanisms EFSF and ESM as well as the first steps taken towards a European banking union. Hence, in contrast to most observers, we argue that the European authorities, by operating a prudent stepby- step approach, are on the right track towards solving the current crisis. As a result, European Central Bank could move back to its original approach of monetary policy.
Long Period Fiber Grating Fabrication by Two-Step Infrared Femtosecond Fiber Laser Exposure

We develop a two-step infrared (IR) femtosecond fiber laser exposure technique to flexibly fabricate long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with a high peak band-rejection efficiency of 35.4 dB, insertion loss of 4.36 dB, and 3 dB bandwidth of 13 nm. First, we etch periodic corrugations via IR femtosecond laser in the cladding of standard single mode fiber, leading to efficient laser beam-focusing on the cladding as well as stress-optic refractive index (RI) modulation. Then, we carry out femtosecond fiber laser irradiation under the corrugations, to further introduce RI modulation within fiber core. We experimentally investigate the impacts of fabrication parameters including laser focus location and individual exposure time with respect to the transmission spectra of LPFGs. The fabricated LPFG has a temperature coefficient of 114 pm/°C and a polarization dependent loss of 1.78 dB, which may find useful applications in sensors.
Intuitive physics: the straight-down belief and its origin.

This study examines the nature and origin of a common misconception about moving objects. We first show through the use of pencil-and-paper problems that many people erroneously believe that an object that is carried by another moving object (e.g., a ball carried by a walking person) will, if dropped, fall to the ground in a straight vertical line. (In fact, such an object will fall forward in a parabolic arc.) We then demonstrate that this "straight-down belief" turns up not only on pencil-and-paper problems but also on a problem presented in a concrete, dynamic fashion (Experiment 1) and in a situation in which a subject drops a ball while walking (Experiment 2). We next consider the origin of the straight-down belief and propose that the belief may stem from a perceptual illusion. Specifically, we suggest that objects dropped from a moving carrier may be perceived as falling straight down or even backward, when in fact they move forward as they fall. Experiment 3, in which subjects view computer-generated displays simulating situations in which a carried object is dropped, and Experiment 4, in which subjects view a videotape of a walking person dropping an object, provide data consistent with this "seeing is believing" hypothesis.
Monolithic 64-channel SiPM matrices for small animal PET

The University of Pisa and INFN Pisa are developing a small animal PET prototype scanner employing continuous LYSO crystals and the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) matrices fabricated at FBK-irst. The SiPM matrices have 64 SiPM pixel elements in a common substrate. The SiPM elements are 1.4 mm × 1.5 mm size, in a 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm pitch. The test of the first detector heads is taking place in collaboration with IFIC, Valencia. The detectors consist of a LYSO crystal of 12 mm × 12 mm coupled to a SiPM matrix. Characterization and position determination tests have been carried out. The energy resolution obtained is 14.5% FWHM at 511 keV. The spatial resolution with center-of-gravity algorithms is 0.9 mm FWHM. A Maximum likelihood method is also being tested. This method allows to separate points at 1 mm distance, and to reconstruct correctly the interaction position also at the edges of the detector.
Health status and health‐related quality of life associated with hemophilia

The hemophilias are a group of disorders associated with a chronic burden of morbidity and early mortality. Improvements in these adverse features have been achieved by the use of clotting factor concentrates within comprehensive centers of specialized care providing home infusion programs. Offsetting effects from transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis and HIV infection are in recent decline. The net impact of these changes merits assessment. To test the a priori hypotheses that increasing severity of factor VIII deficiency would be associated with an increasing burden or morbidity and that hepatitis and HIV positivity would impair health status further, a cross‐sectional study of a population‐based cohort was undertaken in a regional hemophilia program in Ontario, Canada. A survey was made of mild, moderate, and severe hemophiliacs over 13 years of age who self‐reported their health status using a standard 15‐item questionnaire. The responses were converted to levels in the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) health status classification systems to form multi‐element vectors from which single‐attribute morbidity and overall health‐related quality of life utility scores were determined. The burden of morbidity was greater in hemophiliacs than in the general population and correlated with the category of disease (mild < moderate < severe). Hepatitis and HIV positivity conferred additional burdens of morbidity, which were mainly in the attributes of mobility (HUI2), ambulation (HUI3), and pain (HUI2/3), all of these differences reaching levels of statistical significance. Despite demonstrable improvements in the safety, effectiveness, and utilization of clotting factor concentrates, hemophiliacs continue to experience an important burden of morbidity. Measurement of this burden, as reported here, provides a basis for future economic evaluation of the costs and consequences of health care interventions provided to this population. Am. J. Hematol. 71:152–160, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Notice of RetractionAnalysis of parasitic bottom capacitance in n- and p-type Si-nanowire field effect transistors on bulk

In this paper, we analyzed the parasitic bottom capacitance of n- and p-type Gate-All-Around nanowire FET fabricated on the Bulk-Silicon. We fabricated 100 × 100 nanowire array and measured the inversion capactance Cgsd which is Gate to Source/Drain capacitance while floating the Body contact. In spite of floating Body condition, the parastic bottom capacitance turned on through embedded-SiGe layer by which nanowire is compressively stressed and Cgsd is distorted. In this paper the mechanism of generating the parasitic bottom capacitance is analyzed, using the energy band diagram. Also the influence of device structure including SiGe layer has been simulated.
A New Device to Study Isoload Eccentric Exercise

Guilhem, G, Cornu, C, Nordez, A, and Guével, A. A new device to study isoload eccentric exercise. J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 3476-3483, 2010-This study was designed to develop a new device allowing mechanical analysis of eccentric exercise against a constant load, with a view in mind to compare isoload (IL) and isokinetic (IK) eccentric exercises. A plate-loaded resistance training device was integrated to an IK dynamometer, to perform the acquisition of mechanical parameters (i.e., external torque, angular velocity). To determine the muscular torque produced by the subject, load torque was experimentally measured (TLexp) at 11 different loads from 30° to 90° angle (0° = lever arm in horizontal position). TLexp was modeled to take friction effect and torque variations into account. Validity of modeled load torque (TLmod) was tested by determining the root mean square (RMS) error, bias, and 2SD between the descending part of TLexp (from 30° to 90°) and TLmod. Validity of TLexp was tested by a linear regression and a Passing-Bablok regression. A pilot analysis on 10 subjects was performed to determine the contribution of the torque because of the moment of inertia to the amount of external work (W). Results showed the validity of TLmod (bias = 0%; RMS error = 0.51%) and TLexp SEM = 4.1 N·m; Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 1.00; slope = 0.99; y-intercept = −0.13). External work calculation showed a satisfactory reproducibility (SEM = 38.3 J; ICC = 0.98) and moment of inertia contribution to W showed a low value (3.2 ± 2.0%). Results allow us to validate the new device developed in this study. Such a device could be used in future work to study IL eccentric exercise and to compare the effect of IL and IK eccentric exercises in standardized conditions.