Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Constrained Pin-Mapping for FPGA-PCB Codesign

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are commonly used in board designs. The authors consider the constrained FPGA pin-mapping problem in the FPGA-printed circuit board (PCB) codesign process. Unlike all previous works, which only saw constrained FPGA pin mapping as an independent chip-level problem, they take into account the connectivity of the FPGA with other components on the PCB to minimize the occurrence of net crossover and the PCB wirelength when computing a pin mapping. They propose an efficient tool, the versatile input/output (VIO) mapper, to automatically generate a proper pin-mapping upfront during the FPGA-PCB codesign process. Their input/output (I/O) mapper has a high level of flexibility. It can handle the different kinds of complex restrictions found in different FPGA devices. And it allows the PCB designers to lock down, say, the pin assignments for some critical signals before generating the assignments for the rest of the signals. Their mapper is based on an elegant 0-1 integer linear program (ILP) formulation. They show that due to the effective control of the number of integer variables and the use of a strong formulation (instead of an alternative weak formulation), their ILP-based approach is highly efficient in practice. It runs much faster than the mapping tool in Altera's Quartus II tool suite. In addition, they experimentally showed that the industrial tool's mapping algorithm is very far from optimal. For many instances on which Quartus II failed, feasible I/O mappings were found using the VIO mapper
A Review of the Influence of Particle Size, Puff Volume, and Inhalation Pattern on the Deposition of Cigarette Smoke Particles in the Respiratory Tract

Ventilation of the cigarette was designed to allow dilution of the cigarette smoke and thereby reduce the dose delivered to the smoker. Following the toxicological principle of dose response, a lower concentration of cigarette smoke should be associated with a lower toxicological response. However, there have been many studies reporting on the phenomenon of compensation whereby the smoker increases puff volume and/or frequency in order to obtain higher volumes of smoke This article reviews studies of the particle size of cigarette smoke and examines, based on available literature, the associated differences in the tobacco smoke and smoking behavior and their relationship to deposition patterns in the lung. The data available indicate that particle size of the cigarette smoke does not significantly change as a function of cigarette type or smoking behavior. The cigarette smoke particle size is in the same range as the minimum deposition particle size in the lung. While varying concentrations of particles are taken into the mouth, the subsequent inhalation pattern has been reported as remaining constant and also does not appear to change significantly under different smoking types and conditions. The dynamics of what happens to the smoke in the short time it is retained in the mouth have not been studied, and this perhaps should be the subject of future investigations. The current data therefore suggest that the particle deposition pattern of the smoke within the lung would not change significantly if compensation occurs.
Determination of diode parameters and threshold current from I-V measurements of InGaAsP/InP DFB DH lasers

An accurate, temperature-dependent model has been developed for the DC I-V characteristic of an InP-based double heterojunction (DH) laser by parameter extraction using the ideal diode equation model. The parameters of the ideal diode equation can then be used to determine junction quality and reproducibility. The change in device parasitic resistance has been measured and its temperature dependence found. A relationship between threshold current and ideality factor is proposed. The deviation between the measured and modeled I-V characteristic can be used to determine threshold current accurately, independently of optical measurements. <<ETX>>
Radio Resource Management for churn rate control in cellular data operators

In this paper we deal with the role and the importance of Radio Resource Management (RRM) in cellular networks from an economic point of view. Among the main economic aspects which can influence the network operation, we can point out price models, consumer behavior and the competition among cellular operators. Our focus, however, is on the particular link between customer satisfaction, customer retention, churn rate and RRM. A framework to model and manage churn using access scheduling as a tool is then proposed. A computer simulation-based case study is presented where the “churn-aware” scheduling policy shows substantial improvement in customer retention as compared to conventional approaches.
Feature extraction from medical record text for TCM Zheng classification of psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that have bad effects on the quality of life of the patients. As psoriasis is intractable and its cause is difficult to discover, Traditional Chinese Medicine is proved in China to be a more effective medical way. In Chinese Medicine, decision on prescription is based on ZHENG rather than disease. Only after successful differentiation of ZHENG, can effective treatment of TCM be possible. As many papers in ZHENG classification modelling were reviewed, one common characteristic was found that although the original medical records were written and stored in text format, most experiments in these papers use data in a structured format which was extracted from its original text format. Therefore, whether or not full usage of information is extracted from original text should be considered seriously in building ZHENG classification. In this paper, machine learning methods were used to evaluate four feature extraction methods' capability in extracting useful information for psoriasis ZHENG classification from medical texts. The experiment result revealed that feature extraction has great influence on ZHENG classification and doctors' segmentation of medical case text, as the punctuations indicate, contains some information that dictionary does not contain and but is essential in ZHENG identification, such as the group of symptoms, degree words and so on. What's more, models with features from bow perform better than that from word2vec, which may illustrate that the sequence of words in medical texts has little impact on the classification of ZHENG.
Comparative Evaluation of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation and Mosaicplasty: A Multicentered Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective:To compare the respective performance and effectiveness of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and mosaicplasty at resurfacing local full-thickness chondral defects of the knee. Design:Randomized clinical trial. Setting:Multicenter trial at orthopedic clinics and university hospitals conducted from 1997 to 2000. Patients:A population of patients selected according to eligibility criteria of age, traumatic origin of the defect, its localization, size, and gravity, and above all, no previous surgical treatment of the lesion. Forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to ACI or mosaicplasty and subjected to arthroscopic debridement of the lesion at the time of enrollment. They were called for surgery 6 months after the initial debridement. Main Outcome:Improved knee functionality as assessed by repeated clinical evaluation based on the International Knee Documentation Committee Scale and the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. Results:Fourteen patients (31.8%) experienced substantial improvement following the initial debridement and, being clinically cured, received no further treatment. Seven patients (15.9%) were lost to follow-up. Among the 23 patients (52.3%) who could effectively be evaluated, a complete recovery (ie, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale score, 90-100) was observed upon clinical examination in 88% of the mosaicplasty-treated patients and in 68% of the ACI-treated ones (P = 0.093). Conclusions:Although the low power of our study prevents definitive conclusions, ACI and mosaicplasty are cartilage repair techniques that are clinically equivalent and similar in performance. The high percentage of spontaneous improvement (⅓ of the patients) observed after simple debridement calls into question the need for prompt surgical treatment of patients with lesions similar to those included in this clinical trial. Moreover, this finding warrants further investigation, ideally through randomized clinical trials in which patients subjected to debridement alone are compared with patients undergoing reconstructive surgery.
Medial Epicondylitis: Evaluation and Management

Medial epicondylitis, often referred to as “golfer’s elbow,” is a common pathology. Flexor-pronator tendon degeneration occurs with repetitive forced wrist extension and forearm supination during activities involving wrist flexion and forearm pronation. A staged process of pathologic change in the tendon can result in structural breakdown and irreparable fibrosis or calcification. Patients typically report persistent medial-sided elbow pain that is exacerbated by daily activities. Athletes may be particularly symptomatic during the late cocking or early acceleration phases of the throwing motion. Nonsurgical supportive care includes activity modification, NSAIDs, and corticosteroid injections. Once the acute symptomology is alleviated, focus is turned to flexor-pronator mass rehabilitation and injury prevention. Surgical treatment via open techniques is typically reserved for patients with persistent symptoms.
Comparação das atividades básicas de vida diária entre idosos hospitalizados e hígidos da região sul do Brasil

Objetivo: comparar as atividades basicas de vida diaria (ABVDs), entre idosos hospitalizados e higidos. Metodo: estudo transversal que avaliou 51 idosos de ambos os sexos hospitalizados, sob condicao nao cirurgica (Grupo Hospitalizado – GH, n= 16) e idosos higidos (Grupo Controle – GC, n= 35), no periodo de marco a junho de 2013. As ABVDs foram avaliadas atraves do questionario Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), que mensura o nivel de independencia em seis atividades basicas de vida diaria. Comparacao entre grupos quanto as caracteristicas antropometricas avaliadas atraves do teste t Student, independente ou o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Proporcoes das variaveis categoricas comparadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: amostra (n= 51), com idade media de 70,7±7,3 anos e Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC) de 26,2±3,6 Kg/m2. A mediana do tempo total de internacao e do tempo de internacao ate a data da avaliacao dos pacientes foi de 13 (6-64) e 7 (2-31) dias, respectivamente. Houve diferenca significativa no escore na Escala BADL, obtido no GH (4,6±1,8) e no GC (5,8±0,3) (p=0,008). Consideracoes finais: os idosos hospitalizados apresentaram menor escore das ABVDs, tendo sido evidenciada diferenca significativa dos dominios avaliados em relacao aos idosos higidos.
Endovenous Laser Ablation of the Saphenous Vein for Treatment of Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins: Early Results from a Large Single-Center Experience

Purpose: To report early results of a single-center experience with endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous vein (ELAS). Methods: From February 2002 to January 2003, 165 eligible patients (116 women; mean age 59.1 years, range 27–90) were treated with ELAS for venous insufficiency in 203 lower limbs. All patients were symptomatic, and the majority (62%) had class 4 or higher clinical disease (CEAP classification). Eighteen (8.9%) patients had ulcers. A 940-nm diode laser was used in an office setting under local tumescent anesthesia to deliver 100 to 140 laser applications along the course of the vein. Two weeks of compression bandages and a 1-week course of ibuprofen were prescribed postoperatively. All patients underwent a duplex scan of the target vein at 2 weeks. Results: The great (154, 76%), short 37 (18%), and accessory 12 (6%) saphenous veins were ablated, achieving a 97% clinical success rate. Postoperative complications were few (mild induration and ecchymosis) and well tolerated (no DVT or nerve injury). Of the 6 (3.0%) recanalized target veins, 4 were only partially open and successfully treated with sclerosis. Of the 18 patients with active ulceration, 15 (83%) demonstrated healing after ELAS. In a satisfaction survey of patients more than 1 year after ELAS treatment, 84% of the 31 responders claimed their symptoms had diminished to none or minimal; 97% were mostly or very satisfied with their treatment results. Conclusions: ELAS for symptomatic saphenous vein incompetence and varicose veins has excellent short-term subjective and objective outcomes. This technique appears to be very successful in reducing symptoms, resolving varicose veins, and healing ulcers.
A New Index to Predict the Incidence of Cerebral Infarction

Correspondence Dr. Jun-Li Duan, Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China. Tel. : +86-21-2507 8999; Fax: +86-21-6551 7520; E-mail: duanjunlixh@163.com or junlishanghai2005@yahoo.com. cn and Dr. Wei Lu, National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China. Tel. : +86-21-5538 3993; Fax: +86-21-6583 0734; E-mail: luwei@mail.sitp. ac.cn
Late Xerostomia After Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Versus Conventional Radiotherapy

Purpose:To evaluate xerostomia following intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Materials and Methods:An institutional review board-approved study of xerostomia was conducted in 210 head and neck cancer patients who were beyond the acute recovery phase (>1 year) after radiation therapy. Xerostomia was evaluated with the 8-question XQ developed and validated at the University of Michigan. Results:Median XQ scores (normalized so that no xerostomia = 0 and maximum xerostomia = 100) were larynx-only group, 4 points, ipsilateral radiotherapy, 34 points; bilateral radiotherapy, 64 points; IMRT with mean contralateral parotid dose more than 26 Gy, 44 points; and IMRT with mean contralateral parotid dose 26 Gy or less, 32 points (P < 0.05 for all major comparisons). Conclusion:The XQ is an excellent tool for identifying important differences in xerostomia after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. The authors’ IMRT program decreases the severity of xerostomia symptoms compared with what is typically seen after conventional radiation therapy.
Nocturnal dipping is preserved in children with sleep disordered breathing regardless of its severity

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in adults has been associated with a loss of nocturnal dipping in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, however, there have been limited studies in children. We measured BP non‐invasively and continuously overnight in 105 children aged 7–12 with a range of severities of SDB and 36 non‐snoring controls to examine nocturnal dipping profiles.
Determining currents from marine radar data in an extreme current environment at a tidal energy test site

A marine X-band radar has been deployed at a coastal location overlooking a region of extreme tidal currents used for the testing of tidal stream energy turbines. Near-surface tidal currents are known to reach 3.8m/s in water depths of the order of 50m. Preliminary results from the analysis of radar data collected at this site will be presented with particular reference to the currents determined using an inversion of the wave spectrum. Comparisons will be made with current profile data collected using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployed within the field of view of the radar.
Well-Shaped, Stable, and Reversible Skeletons from the (3, 4)-Distance Transform

Abstract The skeleton of a digital pattern is extracted from the distance transform of the pattern, computed according to a quasi-Euclidean distance function. The pattern can be quite faithfully reconstructed by applying the reverse distance transformation to the skeleton, since this includes almost all the centers of the maximal discs of the pattern. The shape characterizing the discs is rounded, due the use of a quasi-Euclidean distance function, so that skeleton stability under pattern rotation is greatly favored. A pruning step, which makes it possible to simplify the structure of the skeleton without losing significant information, and a beautifying step, which is aimed at reducing the jaggedness possibly affecting some skeleton branches, are added to the process to improve the well-shapedness of the resulting skeleton.
Breast cancer detection: Comparison of data-dependent and data-independent approaches

This paper addresses the early detection of malignant breast tissues using microwave imaging. The breast contains fibroconnective, glandular and benign tissues whose dielectric properties can be very close to those of malignant tissues. Thus it becomes difficult to differentiate the malignancy using conventional microwave imaging approaches. Here, we investigate RCB and DAS methods coupled with Matrix Pencil method to detect and differentiate the malignant tissues from other tissues. The RCB and DAS techniques are employed to obtain the images that localize suspected regions. Then Complex Natural Resonance (CNR) from those regions are estimated that correspond to the morphological properties of benign and malignant tissues. The performance of RCB and DAS beamforming approaches are investigated and compared while the Matrix Pencil method is used for CNR extraction. The simulation results are presented using numerical 2-D FDTD breast model.
Sliding extensive cancellation algorithm for disturbance removal in passive radar

In this paper an advanced version of the extensive cancellation algorithm (ECA) is proposed for robust disturbance cancellation and target detection in passive radar. Firstly some specific limitations of previous ECA versions are identified when dealing with a highly time-varying disturbance scenario in the presence of slowly moving targets. Specifically, the need to rapidly adapt the filter coefficients is shown to yield undesired effects on low Doppler target echoes, along with the expected partial cancellation. Therefore a sliding version of the ECA is presented which operates on partially overlapped signal batches. The proposed modification to the original ECA is shown to appropriately counteract the limitations above by taking advantage of a smooth estimate of the filter coefficients. An efficient implementation is also discussed to limit the corresponding computational load. The benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated against real data sets accounting for quite different passive radar applications.
Causes and predictors of nonresponse to treatment of intensive care unit–acquired pneumonia*

ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the predictive factors for the nonresponse to empirical antibiotic treatment and mortality in patients with intensive care unit–acquired pneumonia. DesignA 1-yr prospective cohort of patients with suspicion of intensive care unit–acquired pneumonia. SettingFive medical and surgical intensive care units of Hospital Clinic in Barcelona. PatientsA total of 71 patients with intensive care unit–acquired pneumonia were studied. The definition of nonresponse included at least one of the following: failure to improve the Pao2/Fio2 ratio or need of intubation because of pneumonia, persistence of fever or hypothermia and purulent respiratory secretions, worsening of pulmonary infiltrates, or occurrence of septic shock or multiple organ dysfunction not present at onset of pneumonia. InterventionsClinical assessment, including severity scores, blood and quantitative cultures of respiratory secretions, and cytokine measurements in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage at onset of pneumonia and 72 hrs after antimicrobial treatment. Measurements and ResultsA total of 44 patients (62%) fulfilled criteria of nonresponse, and at least one cause of nonresponse could be determined in 28 cases (64%): inappropriate treatment in ten (23%), superinfection in six (14%), concomitant foci of infection in 12 (27%), and noninfectious causes in seven cases (16%). The remaining 16 patients with no definite cause of nonresponse presented with septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Increased levels of interleukin-6 at onset of pneumonia (odds ratio, 9.7; p = .014) was an independent predictor of nonresponse to treatment. Likewise, increased level of interleukin-6 at follow-up (odds ratio, 27; p = .001) was the only independent predictor for hospital mortality. ConclusionIncreased systemic inflammatory response was the main predictor of nonresponse to treatment and mortality.
An Approach for Network Outage Detection from Drive-Testing Databases

A data-mining framework for analyzing a cellular network drive testing database is described in this paper. The presented method is designed to detect sleeping base stations, network outage, and change of the dominance areas in a cognitive and self-organizing manner. The essence of the method is to find similarities between periodical network measurements and previously known outage data. For this purpose, diffusion maps dimensionality reduction and nearest neighbor data classification methods are utilized. The method is cognitive because it requires training data for the outage detection. In addition, the method is autonomous because it uses minimization of drive testing (MDT) functionality to gather the training and testing data. Motivation of classifying MDT measurement reports to periodical, handover, and outage categories is to detect areas where periodical reports start to become similar to the outage samples. Moreover, these areas are associated with estimated dominance areas to detected sleeping base stations. In the studied verification case, measurement classification results in an increase of the amount of samples which can be used for detection of performance degradations, and consequently, makes the outage detection faster and more reliable.
Ocean Roles in the TBO Transitions of the Indian-Australian Monsoon System.

Abstract This study uses a series of coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (CGCM) experiments to examine the roles of the Indian and Pacific Oceans in the transition phases of the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) in the Indian–Australian monsoon system. In each of the three CGCM experiments, air–sea interactions are restricted to a certain portion of the Indo-Pacific Ocean by including only that portion of the ocean in the ocean model component of the CGCM. The results show that the in-phase TBO transition from a strong (weak) Indian summer monsoon to a strong (weak) Australian summer monsoon occurs more often in the CGCM experiments that include an interactive Pacific Ocean. The out-of-phase TBO transition from a strong (weak) Australian summer monsoon to a weak (strong) Indian summer monsoon occurs more often in the CGCM experiments that include an interactive Indian Ocean. The associated sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are characterized by an ENSO-type pattern in the Pacific.
Low-profile Fabry-Pérot cavity antenna with metamaterial SRR cells for fifth generation systems

This manuscript deals with the design and performance validation of a compact Fabry-Pérot cavity (FPC) antenna for the fifth generation (5G) system applications. The configuration of the proposed design includes a primary coaxial-fed radiator backed with a full ground plane, an air cavity, and a partially reflecting surface (PRS) with a 4×4 array of split-ring resonator (SRR) cells. The antenna is designed on cheap FR-4 dielectrics to work at 17.25 GHz. The antenna performances in terms of directivity and bandwidth have been improved about 5 dBi and 0.75 GHz, respectively. The simulations show that the antenna provides a few attractive features such as high gain, low-cost, low profile, easy to fabricate, which makes the design suitable for 5G systems.