Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the pressure exerted on soft tissue by 2 myofascial rollers.

CONTEXT Self-myofascial release (SMR) is a technique used to treat myofascial restrictions and restore soft-tissue extensibility. PURPOSE To determine whether the pressure and contact area on the lateral thigh differ between a Multilevel rigid roller (MRR) and a Bio-Foam roller (BFR) for participants performing SMR. PARTICIPANTS Ten healthy young men and women. METHODS Participants performed an SMR technique on the lateral thigh using both myofascial rollers. Thin-film pressure sensels recorded pressure and contact area during each SMR trial. RESULTS Mean sensel pressure exerted on the soft tissue of the lateral thigh by the MRR (51.8 +/- 10.7 kPa) was significantly (P < .001) greater than that of the conventional BFR (33.4 +/- 6.4 kPa). Mean contact area of the MRR (47.0 +/- 16.1 cm2) was significantly (P < .005) less than that of the BFR (68.4 +/- 25.3 cm2). CONCLUSION The significantly higher pressure and isolated contact area with the MRR suggest a potential benefit in SMR.
MOZART: a concurrent multilevel simulator

MOZART, a concurrent fault simulator for large circuits described at the register-transfer, functional, gate, and switch levels, is described. The requirements of multilevel simulation have guided the definition of MOZART's syntax, value set, delay model, and algorithms. Performance is improved by reducing unnecessary activity. Two such techniques are levelized: two-pass simulation, which minimizes the number of events and evaluations, and list event scheduling, which allows optimized processing of simultaneous (fraternal) events for concurrent machines. Moreover, efficient handling of abnormally large or active fault machines can improve fault-simulator performance by several orders of magnitude. These and related issues are discussed; both analytical and experimental evidence is provided for the effectiveness of the solutions adopted in MOZART. A performance metric is introduced for fault simulation, based on comparison with the serial algorithm, and is more accurate than those used in the past. >
Building Learning Communities in Online Courses: the importance of interaction

This article discusses course design factors affecting the success of asynchronous online learning, with a specific focus on the social development of learning communities through online discussion. It reports on an empirical investigation of correlations between 22 course design factors and student perceptions of satisfaction, learning, and interaction with instructors and classmates using data collected from 73 courses offered through the State University of New York Learning Network (SLN) in the spring 1999 semester. Data analyses revealed that three factors were significantly related to student perceptions—clarity and consistency in course design, contact with and feedback from course instructors, and active and valued discussion. An explanation for these findings may center on the importance of creating opportunities for interaction in online learning environments. In this vein, preliminary findings from research on the development of community in online course discussions is presented. Drawn from content analyses of asynchronous discussions in an online graduate course in education, this research examines the ways in which course participants use verbal immediacy indicators to support the development of online community. Findings support an equilibrium model of social presence in online discussion which suggests that as affective communications channels are reduced, discussion participants use more verbal immediacy behaviors to support interaction among classmates. Taken together, the findings support the importance of interaction for online teaching and learning.
Patched mutations and hairy skin patches: A new sign in Gorlin syndrome

We report on the occurrence of discrete patches of unusually long pigmented hair on the skin of three patients with Gorlin syndrome from two unrelated families with confirmed heterozygous mutations in the Patched (PTCH) gene. The PTCH protein is a negative regulator of Hedgehog signaling, and the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)‐PTCH pathway is known to play an important role in the formation and cycling of the hair follicle. We believe that the patches represent a genuine physical sign associated with Gorlin syndrome, and discuss molecular mechanisms by which they might arise. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depression by clonidine of shaking behaviour elicited by nalorphine in morphine‐dependent rats

Qonidine is reported to inhibit the “wet dog shakes” p&wd in rats by the drug AG-3-5 [1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1 ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidinewne] (Wei, 1976) or by immersion in ice-cold water Wei, 1975). We have tested it in morphine-dependent m~ in which the shakes were elicited by nalorphine. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is implicated in the &on of morphine (see review by Way & Shen, 1971), also tested if a presumptive 5-HT receptor blocking writ, cyproheptadine, affected the shakes. Male Wistar rats (170-200 g) were made tolerant to morphine by increasing daily intraperitoneal doses of morphine HCI (Polfa) according to the schedule of Buckett (1964). On day 1 the rats received two doses of 20 mg kg-’ at 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. , and on each subsequent day they were injected, a t the same times, with a dose of 40 mg kg-I over that of the previous day. On day 8 the rats received two injections of 300 mg kg-l, md on day 9 they were challenged with 10 mg kg-I Of nalorphine hydrochloride (Chinoin) at 12 noon. Some of the rats displayed infrequent shakes on the morning of day 9. After nalorphine injection the “wet dog shakes” (rapid, oscillatory movements of the head and upper trunk or of the whole body along the longitudinal axis; Winkler, Green & others, 1960) appeared: thcy were most frequent during the first 30 min after the injection, but occasionally they appeared later. The h k e s were observed in 24 out of 25 rats tested, and m e recorded for 90 min. To establish the time course of clonidine action, the h 3 (clonidine hydrochloride, courtesy of Boehringer soh) was given at a dose of 0.8 mg kg-l simultaneously *th, or at various intervals before nalorphine. Clonidme effectively reduced the number of shakes or com-
Localisation de fautes à l’aide de la fouille de données sous contraintes

Nous proposons dans cet article une approche basee sur la fouille de motifs ensemblistes sous contraintes pour la localisation des fautes dans les programmes. Nous formalisons le probleme de localisation des fautes comme un probleme d’extraction des k meilleurs motifs satisfaisant un ensemble de contraintes modelisant les instructions les plus suspectes. Nous faisons appel a la programmation par contraintes pour modeliser et resoudre le probleme de localisation. Les experimentations menees sur une serie de programmes montrent que notre approche offre une localisation plus precise comparee a Tarantula.
Development of Multiplex Assay for Rapid Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT We have developed a multiplex assay, based on multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), that allows simultaneous detection of multiple drug resistance mutations and genotype-specific mutations at any location in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. The assay was validated on a reference panel of well-characterized strains, and the results show that M. tuberculosis can be accurately characterized by our assay. Eighteen discriminatory markers identifying drug resistance (rpoB, katG, inhA, embB), members of the M. tuberculosis complex (16S rRNA, IS6110, TbD1), the principal genotypic group (katG, gyrA), and Haarlem and Beijing strains (ogt, mutT2, mutT4) were targeted. A sequence specificity of 100% was reached for 16 of the 18 selected genetic targets. In addition, a panel of 47 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates was tested by MLPA in order to determine the correlation between phenotypic drug resistance and MLPA and between spoligotyping and MLPA. Again, all mutations present in these isolates that were targeted by the 16 functional probes were identified. Resistance-associated mutations were detected by MLPA in 71% of the identified rifampin-resistant strains and in 80% of the phenotypically isoniazid-resistant strains. Furthermore, there was a perfect correlation between MLPA results and spoligotypes. When MLPA is used on confirmed M. tuberculosis clinical specimens, it can be a useful and informative instrument to aid in the detection of drug resistance, especially in laboratories where drug susceptibility testing is not common practice and where the rates of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis are high. The flexibility and specificity of MLPA, along with the ability to simultaneously genotype and detect drug resistance mutations, make MLPA a promising tool for pathogen characterization.
Transposable element polymorphism of Wolbachia in the mosquito Culex pipiens: evidence of genetic diversity, superinfection and recombination

Wolbachia is a group of maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect and induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in a wide range of arthropods. In contrast to other species, the mosquito Culex pipiens displays an extremely high number of CI types suggesting differential infection by multiple Wolbachia strains. Attempts so far failed to detect Wolbachia polymorphism that might explain this high level of CI diversity found in C. pipiens populations. Here, we establish that Wolbachia infection is near to or at fixation in worldwide populations of the C. pipiens complex. Wolbachia polymorphism was addressed by sequence analysis of the Tr1 gene, a unique transposable element of the IS5 family, which allowed the identification of five C. pipiens Wolbachia strains, differing either by nucleotide substitution, presence or absence pattern, or insertion site. Sequence analysis also showed that recombination, transposition and superinfection occurred at very low frequencies. Analysis of the geographical distributions of each Wolbachia strain among C. pipiens populations indicated a strong worldwide differentiation independent from mosquito subspecies type, except in the UK. The availability of this polymorphic marker now opens the way to investigate evolution of Wolbachia populations and CI dynamics, in particular in regions where multiple crossing types coexist among C. pipiens populations.
Value of integrated care: revival of the monetary valuation of health care benefits

The number of economic evaluations looking at integrated care has increased in recent years [1]. A definition that is often used for economic evaluations is that these studies include a comparison of two or more alternatives in terms of both their costs and consequences [2]. Economic evaluation studies thus relate the cost to the effects of integrated care. Often a comparison is made in which a ‘more coordinated and integrated form of care provision’ is compared to ‘care as usual’. In these economic evaluation studies, the costs are expressed in monetary terms and outcomes are usually expressed in non-monetary values, such as quality of care, quality of life, or quality of labour.
Role of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 in cell migration

Cell migration plays a basic role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes such as embryogenesis, immune defence, wound healing or metastasis. The activity of the ubiquitously expressed NHE1 isoform of the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger is one of the requirements for directed locomotion of migrating cells and also contributes to cell adhesion. The mechanisms by which NHE1 is involved in cell migration are multiple. NHE1 contributes to cell migration by affecting the cell volume, by regulating the intracellular pH and thereby the assembly and activity of cytoskeletal elements, by anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, by signalling, by regulating gene expression and by controlling cell adhesion. The present article gives a review of the different ways in which NHE1 is involved in and contributes to cell migration. These different mechanisms complement one another forming an intricate, integrative process.
Human NK cell recognition of target cells in the prism of natural cytotoxicity receptors and their ligands

The matter of the pathogen- and cancer-associated ligands recognized by the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors (NCRs) has been a subject of intense research ever since the identification of the NCRs more than 12 years ago by Alessandro and Lorenzo Moretta: NKp46 in 1997, NKp44 in 1998, and finally NKp30 in 1999. Expression patterns recognized by NCRs include pathogen-derived, pathogen-induced, and cancer-associated cellular ‘self’ ligands. Pathogen-exposed cells may exhibit both types of pathogen-associated ligands. Transformed cells, in contrast, exhibit only ‘self’ ligands which are derived from both the intracellular- and membrane-associated milieu of self molecules. These expression patterns allow for NCR-based NK cell discrimination between healthy and affected cells, in the realms of both pathogenic infection and potential tumorigenesis. The focus of this review is on the current knowledge regarding the identities of NCR ligands and the type of target cells expressing these ligands.
Flow cytometry applications for the analysis of chemokine receptor expression and function

Chemokine receptors play an important role in leukocyte migration, both in physiological and pathological conditions, and the interest in new methodologies for their detection is increasing. In this review, we focused on chemokine receptors detection through flow cytometric approaches, including the use of specific antibodies and fluorescent chemokines, and on approaches aimed at the analysis of their functions, from intracellular trafficking to signaling activities. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Elevated interleukin‐4 secretion by T lymphocytes: a feature of atopy or of asthma?

Atopy may be defined as the disposition of certain individuals to synthesize IgE antibody inappropriately, some of which may be specific for external antigens ('allergens') typically encountered during life at the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. Cells with highand low-affinity IgE Fc receptors (classically mast cells and basophils) bind to allergenspecific IgE and are tbus sensitized. Further allergen exposure then brings about the release of inflammatory reagents. Inappropriate IgE synthesis is ultimately under the control of T lymphocytes, since these are the only cells which can identify processed external antigens, including allergens, and present them to B lymphocytes, thereby initiating a specific antibody response. Many in vitro studies have now demonstrated reciprocal roles for the TH-2-type cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the TH-1-type cytokine interferon gamma (IFN7) in the regulation of IgE synthesis. The presence of IL-4 is obligatory for class switching to IgE production by activated B lymphocytes in humans [1,2], while IFN7 inhibits this effect of IL-4 [3]. Furthermore, IL-4 inhibits the secretion of IFN7 at the transcriptional level [4].
Error Compensated MMSE-Based Multi-User Precoding for Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission

Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission is a general method for mitigating the inter-cell interference in a cellular network through the use of multi-user precoding across neighboring base stations. In this paper, we investigate the system performance of MMSE-based multi-user precoding in a cellular network with CoMP transmission. An iterative algorithm that exploits the duality between the downlink broadcast channel and the uplink multi-access channel is used to compute the multi-user precoding matrices. The algorithm uses the knowledge of the channel error covariance during the precoder computation to alleviate the impact of channel uncertainty at the network. We simulate the system performance of various MMSE-based precoders under the CoMP setting using a realistic MIMO channel model and compare them with those of the zero-forcing precoders. We show that the error-compensated MMSE precoder is more robust towards channel uncertainty and can significantly outperform zero-forcing precoding at high loads.
Cluster Headache: Alterations in Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Orthostatic Responses During Spontaneous Attacks

Changes in heart rate and blood pressure (BP) have been monitored beat-to-beat in a cluster headache patient with and without attacks using a non-invasive Doppler servo method. Two attacks were monitored and during one of them a tilt test was carried out. The variability of heart rate and BP was greater during the attack than during the interparoxysmal period. A marked bradycardia occurred during attacks. Systolic BP increased slightly. There was no heart rate increase after tilting during the attack, whereas this was present invariably during tests carried out interparoxysmally. BP changes during “attack tilt” were difficult to evaluate because of large variation. This may be the first observation of a baroreflex arc dysfunction during a cluster headache attack.
Ganglion cells from chick retina display multiple functional nAChR subtypes

We have examined the properties of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in embryonic chick retinal ganglion cells. Ganglion cells, identified according to morphological and physiological criteria, displayed spontaneous or induced action potentials. In 94/99 cells acetylcholine pulses evoked responses. In current clamp mode, acetylcholine provoked membrane depolarization and triggered action potentials. Under voltage clamp conditions, acetylcholine evoked inward currents that were readily blocked by d-tubocurarine. Antagonists specific for homomeric (&agr;-bungarotoxin) and heteromeric (dihydro-&bgr;-erythroidine) receptors revealed that ganglion cells express multiple functional receptor subtypes. These findings demonstrate that ACh modulates the electrical activity of these cells and is likely to mediate synaptic transmission. The presence of multiple receptor subtypes may contribute to processing and transmission of information in the retina.
Determinación de la posición de Taps Bajo Carga en transformadores conectados en paralelo para minimizar la Corriente Circulante

Se desarrolla un algoritmo para determinar la posicion mas adecuada de los cambiadores de taps bajo carga (LTC) que minimice la corriente circulante entre los devanados de dos transformadores conectados en paralelo, satisfaciendo las restricciones discretas impuestas tanto por los taps fijos como por los cambiadores de taps bajo carga y la restriccion no lineal de voltaje en la barra de carga. Este algoritmo se basa en el Metodo de Corriente Circulante estipulado en el estandar “Guide for Paralleling Regulating Transformers”, IEEE C57.153-2015. Para el calculo de la corriente circulante se utiliza el Modelo PI del Transformador, el cual ha sido modificado para incluir ajustes en la reactancia y en los tamanos de los taps fijos y LTC. El algoritmo de optimizacion propuesto se implementa en MATLAB mismo que es aplicado a dos sistemas de dos transformadores en paralelo: el primer sistema es la Subestacion Union Fenosa de Espana con datos de transformadores de diferente potencia, reactancia, tamano de taps, rango de taps, voltajes de placa primarios y secundarios; y el segundo sistema es la Subestacion Vicentina de la Empresa Electrica Quito, cuyos transformadores tienen diferente reactancia de cortocircuito y diferente tamano de tap.
Cartesian Cubical Type Theory

We present a cubical type theory based on the Cartesian cube category (faces, degeneracies, symmetries, diagonals, but no connections or reversal) with univalent universes, each containing Π, Σ, path, identity, natural number, boolean, pushout, and glue (equivalence extension) types. The type theory includes a syntactic description of a uniform Kan operation, along with judgemental equality rules defining the Kan operation on each type. The Kan operation uses both a different set of trivial cofibrations and a different set of cofibrations than the Cohen, Coquand, Huber, and Mörtberg (CCHM) model. Next, we describe a constructive model in Cartesian cubical sets; the syntactic type theory is inspired by this model, though we have not yet given a formal interpretation. We describe a mechanized proof, using the internal language of cubical sets in the style introduced by Orton and Pitts, that glue, Π, Σ, path, identity, boolean, natural number, and pushout types are Kan in this model; we also sketch a proof that this internal construction implies univalent universes externally. An advantage of this formal approach is that our construction can also be interpreted in cubical sets on the connections cube category, and on the de Morgan cube category used in the CCHM model. As a first step towards comparing these approaches, we show that the two Kan operations are interderivable in a setting where both exist (presheaves on the de Morgan cube category, with the additional cofibration required by our construction).
Le management éthique

Dans la droite ligne de la responsabilite socile de l'entreprise (RSE), l'auteur se propose d'aborder la question de l'ethique sous l'angle managerial. En effet, les managers sont de plus en plus confrontes a des choix qui, outre la responsabilite sociale de leur entreprise, engagent leur ethique et leur deontologie personnelles. Le "souci de soi", le "souci de l'autre" et le "souci intitutionnel" s'inscrivent au coeur de l'activite manageriale. En alliant raisonnement theorique et mises en situation concretes, ce Topos se presente comme un ouvrage synthetique et precis sur un sujet qui fait de plus en plus partie du cursus du futur manager. Il s'adrese a tous ceux qui se preparent a etre confrontes aux questions de responsabilite au travail, tant du point de vue personnel que corporate.
Analyse des mécanismes macroscopiques produits par les interactions rotor/stator dans les turbomachines

L'ecoulement instationnaire produit par le defilement des roues mobiles face aux roues fixes dans les turbomachines se caracterise par des echelles de temps et d'espace tres variees. Numeriquement, la prise en compte de ces effets necessite de nouvelles modelisations. Ce travail a pour objectif une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes instationnaires dans les machines multietagees. Pour s'affranchir de toute hypothese restrictive sur les periodicites spatiales, les simulations numeriques sont effectuees sur la circonference complete de chaque roue. Pour l'etage isole, on demontre que l'ecoulement presente une periodicite spatio-temporelle qui est decrite par la decomposition en double serie de Fourier de Tyler & Sofrin. Les modes spatiaux permettent de preciser l'interaction entre les grilles et un parallele est fait avec la decomposition d'Adamczyk. La simulation numerique complete d'un etage et demi propose une extension de l'analyse des interactions en configuration multietagees.
Learning Low-Rank Decomposition for Pan-Sharpening With Spatial-Spectral Offsets

Finding accurate injection components is the key issue in pan-sharpening methods. In this paper, a low-rank pan-sharpening (LRP) model is developed from a new perspective of offset learning. Two offsets are defined to represent the spatial and spectral differences between low-resolution multispectral and high-resolution multispectral (HRMS) images, respectively. In order to reduce spatial and spectral distortions, spatial equalization and spectral proportion constraints are designed and cast on the offsets, to develop a spatial and spectral constrained stable low-rank decomposition algorithm via augmented Lagrange multiplier. By fine modeling and heuristic learning, our method can simultaneously reduce spatial and spectral distortions in the fused HRMS images. Moreover, our method can efficiently deal with noises and outliers in source images, for exploring low-rank and sparse characteristics of data. Extensive experiments are taken on several image data sets, and the results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed LRP.