Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usability of video-overlaying SSVEP based BCIs

This work investigates the usability of an steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) with on-screen stimulation. The BCI controls were displayed with an underlying feedback video. Each control had a unique flashing frequency. For classification a combination of minimum energy (ME) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used. Two experiments showed that the use of overlaying controls is possible, but also decreasing the performance.
Immunohistochemical localization of substance‐P, somatostatin, and methionine‐enkephalin in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the north american opossum, Didelphis virginiana

The occurrence and distribution of substance‐P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), and enkephalin (ENK) were studied in the North American opossum, a generalized marsupial. Substance‐P immunoreactivity was present in the tract of Lissauer as well as within lamina I, the outer part of lamina II, the lateral portion of laminae III through VII, and lamina X at all spinal levels. Although present, it was very sparse in the ventral horn. Substance‐P was also localized within autonomic areas of the thoracolumbar cord. ENK immunoreactivity was present in laminae I‐III and laminae VII‐X, as well as within autonomic areas. There was more ENK immunoreactivity in the ventral horn than SP. The densest aggregates of ENK, however, were found within the outer part of lamina II. In contrast, SOM could not be localized within the spinal cord of the opossum. (See NOTE ADDEDIN PROOF).
Introduction of Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for Nonuniform Radiating Transmission Lines

In the framework of a high-frequency transmission-line theory for nonuniform lines (TLST), new reflection and transmission coefficients are derived using generalized definitions of equivalent quantities from the classical transmission-line theory. This leads to local and frequency-dependent reflection and transmission coefficients expressed in terms of matrizant elements. These quantities are needed to describe networks of nonuniform radiating transmission lines. A comparison between the currents calculated in the approach of TLST and those calculated with the aid of the new transmission and reflection coefficients shows an excellent agreement.
Estimating CoP Trajectories and Kinematic Gait Parameters in Walking and Running Using Instrumented Insoles

Quantitative analysis of the plantar pressure distribution during dynamic tasks can facilitate diagnosis of foot and ankle dysfunctions and prevent potential injuries by providing detailed information about weight bearing and weight shifting patterns. Traditional laboratory measurements are currently limited by high operating costs and lack of portability. The use of instrumented insoles capable of capturing kinematic and kinetic gait parameters as subjects perform out-of-the-lab dynamic activities is a promising approach to overcome these limitations. This letter introduces <italic>SportSole</italic>, a fully portable system that can measure spatiotemporal gait parameters and center of pressure (CoP) trajectories. Wearing the <italic>SportSole</italic>, nine able-bodied subjects completed a walking session followed by a running session, each consisting of 10 full laps along a 16-meter straight-line path. Accuracy and precision of CoP trajectories and kinematic parameters were assessed using an electronic walkway as the reference system. After calibration, mean deviations in the CoP were 0.61 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.05 cm (RMSE <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math> </inline-formula> SD) for walking and 0.72 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.08 cm for running. Deviations in stride length, stride time, and velocity were 1.66 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.18 cm, 0.006 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.003 s, and 1.65 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.10 cm/s for walking, 1.91 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.19 cm, 0.01 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.03 s, and 2.67 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.38 cm/s for running. These promising results indicate that the proposed system has the potential to be used for out-of-the-lab gait analysis of walking and running.
The rapid rise of supermarkets and the use of private standards in their food product procurement systems in developing countries

Supermarkets play a leading role in food supply chains in developing countries, and grades and standards are becoming key instruments for product differentiation and agri-food chain coordination. This article traces main patterns and trends in the emergence and expansion of supermarkets in developing countries, and illustrates their leading role in domestic food retail. This gives rise to a restructuring of the procurement systems of supermarkets, based on central sourcing, growing use of specialized/dedicated wholesalers and a shift towards preferred suppliers. Emerging trend also indicate a rapid rise in the implementation of private safety and quality standards in the supermarket sector for reducing the coordination costs in procurement systems. A taxonomy and illustrations of the interfaces between procurement systems and private standards is presented and implications for smallholder participation and agricultural development are discussed.
A Network Analysis of Sectoral Accounts; Identifying Sectoral Interlinkages in G-4 Economies

The recent financial crisis highlighted that balance sheet exposures can be a major shock transmission channel. Using sectoral accounts data in combination with data from the Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey, International Investment Position, and BIS this paper estimates bilateral exposures between financial and non-financial sectors in three different financial instruments within and across G-4 economies (Euro Area, Japan, U.K. and U.S.). The generated financial networks represent a powerful tool for assessing financial stability, as they allow for the identification of systemically important sectors. The analysis suggests that after the financial crisis bilateral exposures in debt securities have increased, while exposures in loans and equities have declined. Shock simulations reveal that the vulnerability of the financial sector to the government sector has increased considerably since the outbreak of the financial crisis.
VOLUNTARY CAREER TRANSITION OF MANAGERS IN CHINA: A GROUNDED THEORY STUDY

ix Chapter One INTRODUCTION 1 The Background of the Problem 1 The Uniqueness of the Chinese Context 4 Statement of the Problem 10 Purpose of the Study and Research Questions 17 Overview of the Research Design 17 Significance of the Study 19 Definitions 21 Chapter Summary 23 Chapter Two REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 24 Introduction 24 Core Career Development Theories 25 Variable Oriented Theories 26 Developmental Theories 29 Process Oriented Theories 31 Summary of Core Career Development Theories 33
Adsorption of zinc and Iron from acidic industrial effluent using basic oxygen furnace slag

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags was used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals from steel processing plant effluent. The effluent had above legal limits content of Fe and Zn. A 0.75% solid loading of BOF slag was found to remove over 97% of Fe and 99%v of Zn. BOF slag was also able to raise the pH of the effluent from 2.5 to 6.8 after 30 mins. The adsorption of Fe and Zn followed Langmuir isotherm and first order kinetics. The metal loaded BOF slag could be used in three cycles of adsorption experiments and was stable against further leaching. This research therefore provides opportunity for the utilisation of the slag as an adsorbent for acidic industrial effluents containing heavy metals.
Reduction of ribonucleotides.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY 1 33 RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE FROM ES CHERICHIA COLI 136 Structural Aspects 136 Reaction Mechanism . 138 Allosteric Control 1 39 Hydrogen Transport System 140 RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCING SYSTEMS INDUCED BY BACTERIOPHAGES . 142 RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE FROM LACTOBACILLUS LEICHMANNII . 144 Structural Aspects . 144 Reaction Mechanism 145 Allosteric Regulation . 146 OTHER B12-DEPENDENT REDUCTASES. 147 MAMMALIAN RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE . 147 Structural Aspects and Reaction Mechanism 147 Allosteric Regulation . 149 Hydrogen Donor System . 150 RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTION AND DNA SyNTHESIS 1 5 1 Correlation o f I n Vitro and I n Vivo Activities 151 Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis 154 Deoxyribonucleotide Pools . 154
A case of severe cholestatic jaundice associated with Graves' disease.

ting and palpitation was admitted to our clinic.His past medical history was unremarkable.Physical examination revealed severe jaundice.There were no signs of chronic liver disease. Hewas afebrile with a regular pulse rate of 100 beatsper minute and normal blood pressure. He had nosigns of thyroid eye disease and no external goiter.Respiratory and cardiovascular examinations we
International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)

L’étude ISAAC a été développée, en réponse à l’augmentation rapide de la prévalence des maladies allergiques, pour mieux connaître leur épidémiologie (distribution, étiologie et prévention possible). Ses promoteurs sont partis du constat suivant : l’étude épidémiologique des maladies allergiques n’a pas eu toute son efficacité dans les années passées en raison d’une part du défaut de standardisation des protocoles d’étude, d’autre part du fait que les groupes comparés (l’épidémiologie étant par nature comparative) manquaient de contraste ou n’étaient pas comparables en termes de populations et de méthodes.
Cooperation and equity in the river sharing problem

This paper considers environments in which several agents (countries, farmers, cities) share water from a river. Each agent enjoys a concave benefit function from consuming water up to a satiation level. Noncooperative extraction is typically inefficient and any group of agents can gain if they agree on how to allocate water with monetary compensations. The paper describes which allocations of water and money are acceptable to riparian agents according to core stability and several criteria of fairness. It reviews some theoretical results. It then discusses the implementation of the proposed allocation with negotiation rules and in water markets. Lastly, it provides some policy insights.
SUPERCRITICAL ANTI-SOLVENT PRECIPITATION OF SODIUM IBUPROFEN

In recent years, significant effort has been devoted to the development of drug formulation with the purpose of targeting and controlled release. The micro/nanosizing of drugs has been identified as a potentially effective and broadly applicable approach. In the pharmaceutical industry several conventional techniques have been utilized for particle size reduction. The disadvantages of these techniques are thermal and chemical product degradation, high energy requirements, use of large amounts of solvent and broad particle size distributions. Therefore, the search for more effective techniques applicable to drugs formulation continues. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to apply the Supercritical Anti-Solvent (SAS) process to nanosize sodium ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, evaluating the effect of operational parameters in particle size and morphology. Initially the solute (sodium ibuprofen) was dissolved in acetone and then the operational parameters for SAS process were regulated. The anti-solvent, supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) which presents high diffusivity, was introduced into the precipitation chamber, in a concentric tube together with the acetone/ibuprofen liquid solution. The complete miscibility between acetone and SC-CO2 causes the ibuprofen precipitation. The following ranges evaluated the SAS process: pressure (80-140bar), temperature (35-55C), solute concentration (0.5-1.5mg/mL) and solution flow rate (1-3mL/min). The process used 99.9% pure CO2, applied at constant flow rate of 1kg/h. The particles obtained from all conditions were evaluated by their size and morphology, using a scanning electronic microscopy, and their thermal profiles by differential scanning calorimetry. All conditions applied reduced the particle size from 144±87μm to 87-380nm.
Modeling and Control Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

This paper proposes an optimized model and control strategy for variable speed wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Models and equations that describe different components of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) are addressed and their implementations into PSCAD/EMTDC are described. There are different types of synchronous generators, but the PMSG is chosen. It offers better performance due to higher efficiency and less maintenance since it does not need external DC source and can be used without a gearbox, which also implies a reduction of the weight of the nacelle and a reduction of costs. For the better performance, in this model two level IGBT converter and three level IGBT inverter set has been used associated with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system.Simulation results show that the controllers can extract maximum power and regulate the voltage and frequency under varying wind and load conditions. The controller shows very good dynamic, steady state and transient performance.
Selective nanoparticle‐directed ablation of the canine prostate

Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer type and the second most common cause of cancer death among US men. This study, adapted a previously reported nanoparticle‐directed photothermal treatment of brain tumors to the treatment of prostate disease by using normal canine prostate in vivo, directly injected with a suspension of nanoparticles as a proxy for prostate tumor, and by developing laser dosimetry for prostate which is marginally ablative in native tissue, yet producing photothermal coagulation in prostate tissue containing nanoparticles.
Mobile Collocated Interactions With Wearables

Research on mobile collocated interactions has been looking at situations in which collocated users engage in collaborative activities using their mobile devices, thus going from personal/individual toward shared/multiuser experiences and interactions. However, computers are getting smaller, more powerful, and closer to our bodies. Therefore, mobile collocated interactions research, which originally looked at smartphones and tablets, will inevitably move towards fully integrated wearable technologies. The focus of this workshop is to bring together a community of researchers, designers and practitioners to explore the potential of extending mobile collocated interactions from, through and around the body using wearable technologies.
Changes in Microbial Biofilm Communities during Colonization of Sewer Systems

ABSTRACT The coexistence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) in anaerobic biofilms developed in sewer inner pipe surfaces favors the accumulation of sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4) as metabolic end products, causing severe impacts on sewerage systems. In this study, we investigated the time course of H2S and CH4 production and emission rates during different stages of biofilm development in relation to changes in the composition of microbial biofilm communities. The study was carried out in a laboratory sewer pilot plant that mimics a full-scale anaerobic rising sewer using a combination of process data and molecular techniques (e.g., quantitative PCR [qPCR], denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE], and 16S rRNA gene pyrotag sequencing). After 2 weeks of biofilm growth, H2S emission was notably high (290.7 ± 72.3 mg S-H2S liter−1 day−1), whereas emissions of CH4 remained low (17.9 ± 15.9 mg COD-CH4 liter−1 day−1). This contrasting trend coincided with a stable SRB community and an archaeal community composed solely of methanogens derived from the human gut (i.e., Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera). In turn, CH4 emissions increased after 1 year of biofilm growth (327.6 ± 16.6 mg COD-CH4 liter−1 day−1), coinciding with the replacement of methanogenic colonizers by species more adapted to sewer conditions (i.e., Methanosaeta spp.). Our study provides data that confirm the capacity of our laboratory experimental system to mimic the functioning of full-scale sewers both microbiologically and operationally in terms of sulfide and methane production, gaining insight into the complex dynamics of key microbial groups during biofilm development.
Sovereign Debt Crises and the International FinancialArchitecture

¤Previous versions of this paper circulated under the titles \Sovereign Liquidity Crises and the Global Financial Architecture" (mimeo, IMF, October 1998) and \Debt Maturity and the Global Financial Architecture" (CEPR Discussion Paper No.2520, 2000). This paper bene ̄ted from comments by two anonymous referees, a number of IMF colleagues and participants in a number of seminars, especially at the University of California at Berkeley, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Stanford University, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the 1999 European Summer Symposium in Macroeconomics, and the 2000 annual meetings of the American Economic Association. I thank Charles Bean, Andy Berg and Patrick Bolton for detailed comments. This paper re°ects the views of its author, not necessarily those of the IMF. The author's address is: Olivier Jeanne, IMF-Research Dept., Room 10-548L, 700 19th street N.W. , Washington D.C. 20431. Tel. (202) 623 42 72. Email: ojeanne@imf.org
Additional International Evidence on Corporate Cash Holdings

This paper investigates corporate cash holding behaviour in Japan, France, Germany, and the UK using data for 3,989 companies over the period 1983-2000. Our findings reveal that a country's legal structure and ownership structure of firms play a significant role in determining cash holdings. We observe that higher degree of shareholder (creditor) protection is associated with lower (higher) cash holdings and ownership concentration exerts a negative impact on cash levels. Moreover, the dynamic cash holding analysis indicates that firms tend to adjust their cash levels towards a target cash structure. The speed of adjustment of cash holdings for France, Germany and Japan is found to be similar while firms in the UK seem to adjust to the target cash level more quickly.
Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: Norms for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale

ABSTRACT Normative data are presented for older African Americans on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). These data were collected as part of Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies (MOAANS) in an effort to develop age-appropriate norms for African Americans elders on commonly used measures in neuropsycholgical assessment. In this study, the DRS was administered to 307 MOAANS participants ranging in age from 56 to 94 years. Age-corrected subtest and total scores were derived based on percentile ranks from actual frequency distributions across seven age ranges. Also presented is a regression-based computational formula that may be applied to the age-corrected DRS total score to further correct for years of education. These norms should help improve interpration of DRS performance in African Americans and allow for greater diagnostic accuracy in patients with early cognitive decline.
Multiparameter flow cytometry as a tool for the detection of micrometastatic tumour cells in the sentinel lymph node procedure of patients with breast cancer.

AIM To investigate whether multiparameter flow cytometry (MP-FCM) can be used for the detection of micrometastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer. METHODS Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded sentinel lymph nodes (n = 238) from 98 patients were analysed. For each lymph node, sections for haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cytokeratin (MNF116) were cut at three levels with a distance of 500 microm. The intervening material was used for MP-FCM. Cells were immunostained with MNF116, followed by an incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled goat antimouse immunoglobulin. DNA was stained using propidium iodide. From each lymph node 100,000 cells were analysed on the flow cytometer. RESULTS Thirty eight of the 98 patients with breast carcinoma showed evidence of metastatic disease in the SLN by one ore more of the three methods. In 37 of 38 cases where metastatic cells were seen in the routine H&E and/or IHC, more than 1% cytokeratin positive cells were detected by MP-FCM. In 24 patients, metastatic foci were more than 2 mm (macrometastasis) and in 14 these foci were smaller than 2 mm (micrometastasis). In three of these 14 cases, MP-FCM revealed positive SLNs, although this was not seen at first glance in the H&E or IHC sections. After revision of the slides, one of these three remained negative. However, MP-FCM analysis of the cytokeratin positive cells showed an aneuploid DNA peak, which was almost identical to that of the primary breast tumour. Duplicate measurements, done in 41 cases, showed a 99% reproducibility. In five of 14 patients with micrometastasis, one or two metastatic foci were found in the non-SLN. However, in 15 of 24 macrometastases multiple non-SLNs were found to have metastatic tumour. All micrometastases except for the remaining negative one mentioned above showed only diploid tumour cells, despite the fact that their primary tumours contained both diploid and aneuploid tumour cells. In primary tumours with more than 60% aneuploid cells, predominantly aneuploid macrometastasis were found, whereas diploid primary tumours only showed diploid micrometastases or macrometastases in their SLN. Aneuploid SLN macrometastases were associated with non-SLN metastases in five of seven patients, whereas diploid cases showed additional non-SLN metastases in only seven of 16 patients. CONCLUSION In all cases, MP-FCM was sufficient to detect micrometastatic tumour cells in a large volume of lymph node tissue from SLNs. In some cases it was superior to H&E and IHC staining. Approximately 30% of SLN micrometastases are accompanied by additional non-SLN metastases. The size of the aneuploid fraction (> 60%) in the primary tumour may influence the risk of having both SLN and non-SLN metastases.