Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATM and ATR Pathways Signal Alternative Splicing of Drosophila TAF1 Pre-mRNA in Response to DNA Damage

ABSTRACT Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a major mechanism utilized by eukaryotic organisms to expand their protein-coding capacity. To examine the role of cell signaling in regulating alternative splicing, we analyzed the splicing of the Drosophila melanogaster TAF1 pre-mRNA. TAF1 encodes a subunit of TFIID, which is broadly required for RNA polymerase II transcription. We demonstrate that TAF1 alternative splicing generates four mRNAs, TAF1-1, TAF1-2, TAF1-3, and TAF1-4, of which TAF1-2 and TAF1-4 encode proteins that directly bind DNA through AT hooks. TAF1 alternative splicing was regulated in a tissue-specific manner and in response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation or camptothecin. Pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference were used to demonstrate that ionizing-radiation-induced upregulation of TAF1-3 and TAF1-4 splicing in S2 cells was mediated by the ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) DNA damage response kinase and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), a known ATM substrate. Similarly, camptothecin-induced upregulation of TAF1-3 and TAF1-4 splicing was mediated by ATR (ATM-RAD3 related) and CHK1. These findings suggest that inducible TAF1 alternative splicing is a mechanism to regulate transcription in response to developmental or DNA damage signals and provide the first evidence that the ATM/CHK2 and ATR/CHK1 signaling pathways control gene expression by regulating alternative splicing.
Casts of the cerebral ventricles

especially acid-secreting cells, should be searched for and removed when it is found, especially when a satisfactory cause for the patient’s symptoms is not discovered. In Case 2 there was no evidence either macroscopically or microscopically that the appendix was at fault, and as the patient’s symptoms have been completely relieved, we have assumed that the polyps containing the oxcyntic cells in the Meckel’s diverticulum were the cause of the symptoms. In the remaining three cases, although the polyps appeared at first sight to be true adenomata, they were in actual fact due to a reactive hyperplasia of the mucous membrane. Saint (1927), in his account of intestinal polyps, said that the commonest type is due to glandular hyperplasia, and of his 9 cases 8 occurred in the ileum and I in the jejunum. They appeared as multiple excrescences on an average about I mm. in diameter and were very similar to those found in our Case 5. These polyps may be sessile or pedunculated and occur on the crest of the valvulz conniventes. The same author described the microscopical picture as a rising up of the mucous membrane and submucosa above the general level of the lumen of the intestine, and the condition to be one of local hyperplasia. In a few instances he found the pedicle to be formed by a mass of lymphoid tissue and in other cases there was a fine connectivetissue stroma with a few thin-walled capillaries. This corresponds with the picture seen in Fig. 604. Ordinarily the lymphoid follicles in the intestinal mucosa do not project into the lumen to any degree, and part of the polypoid mass is due to hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue as well as of the mucous membrane. In the other two cases the polyps were due to a reactive hyperplasia, mainly of Brunner’s glands, in the wall of the duodenum, which had so projected into the lumen as to lift up the mucous membrane, which likewise showed hyperplastic changes. Saint (1927) did not refer to this type in his article. In each of these three cases showing reactive hyperplasia a carcinoma of the stomach was present and one must assume the conditions are in some way related. In Cases 3 and 4 the duodenum was the site of the hyperplasia, but in Cases the duodenum appeared normal, and it was the jejunum, about 5 in. beyond the duodenojejunal flexure, that was the part of the bowel affected. Although these hyperplastic polyps occurred in association with gastric carcinomata, they were not due to any neoplastic infiltrative activity. It is thought that the stimulus for hyperplasia was a reaction to the infection which accompanied the carcinomata.
Timing of potential and metabolic brain energy

The temporal relationship between cerebral electro‐physiological activities, higher brain functions and brain energy metabolism is reviewed. The duration of action potentials and transmission through glutamate and GABA are most often less than 5 ms. Subjects may perform complex psycho‐physiological tasks within 50 to 200 ms, and perception of conscious experience requires 0.5 to 2 s. Activation of cerebral oxygen consumption starts after at least 100 ms and increases of local blood flow become maximal after about 1 s. Current imaging technologies are unable to detect rapid physiological brain functions. We introduce the concepts of potential and metabolic brain energy to distinguish trans‐membrane gradients of ions or neurotransmitters and the capacity to generate energy from intra‐ or extra‐cerebral substrates, respectively. Higher brain functions, such as memory retrieval, speaking, consciousness and self‐consciousness are so fast that their execution depends primarily on fast neurotransmission (in the millisecond range) and action‐potentials. In other words: brain functioning requires primarily maximal potential energy. Metabolic brain energy is necessary to restore and maintain the potential energy.
Coping strategies used by parents of children with autism

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine (a) the level of family adaptation, as measured by the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F‐COPESs) instrument, among persons with a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 12 years and under, (b) if there was a difference in F‐COPES scores based on family demographics, and (c) the time lag between parent’s suspicion of ASD and the actual professional diagnosis of ASD. Data sources: A descriptive survey was used with a convenience sample derived from ASD treatment agencies and a parental support group in the California Bay Area that supports the children and parents of children with special needs. Conclusions: Overall, the level of adaptation was within the normal limits with coping scores similar to the norm scores of the F‐COPES with males scoring slightly higher than females in the coping scale. Subscale scores of the F‐COPES indicated that the parents sought encouragement and support from friends, informal support from other families who faced similar problems, and formal support from agencies and programs. Reframing revealed similar results as the norm with less use of spiritual support, and more passive appraisals were noted from the parents of children with ASD. Within internal comparisons, there were no statistical differences among gender and amount of time a member spent in coordination of services. Comparisons in ethnicity for Caucasians and Asian Americans revealed a higher coping score for reframing in Asian Americans and a higher passive appraisal score among Caucasians. Non‐English speakers scored higher on spiritual support, while English speakers scored higher in passive appraisals. Because of insufficient statistical power, comparisons in education, income, marital status, and relocation of residence were deferred. The time from parents’ suspicions of developmental delays or disability to a professional diagnosis of ASD was at least 6 months or greater. Implications for practice: It is imperative for nurse practitioners (NPs) to provide appropriate professional support and other social support systems to families with children with ASD. Educating parents to sound therapy approaches to provide them with the skills needed to directly address stressful events in order to increase the parent’s confidence level as to avoid passive appraisals is also a crucial role of the NP. NPs may want to use the F‐COPES as part of the assessment to ascertain the areas of needs of families. This study reveals the resiliency and highly adaptive nature of these parents who are under severe strain and stress of caring for a child with ASD. The effective ways they coped as a family were in the areas of informal and formal social support networks. Participants also used passive appraisal to cope. The study also supports the need for early recognition and diagnoses of ASD and referral for early intervention for better outcomes for the children and families affected by ASD.
Análisis y propuestas de ordenación territorial para la Costa del Sol oriental: el conflicto entre la agricultura y el turismo.

La tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo el diagnostico integrado del territorio y la propuesta de alternativas y estrategias de ordenacion orientadas a fomentar el desarrollo sostenible de la zona. , El estudio se estructura en cuatro partes o bloques tematicos: El primer bloque es una introduccion en la que se exponen los objetivos y metodologia del trabajo, ademas de recoger algunas actuaciones en materia de planificacion, asi como la posicion de la ordenacion del territorio en el conjunto de las ciencias y tecnicas del territorio. En el segundo bloque se hace un analisis exhaustivo de los componentes territoriales de la costa del Sol Oriental malaguena. Los cuatro sistemas territoriales son: medioambiental, urbano-relacional, productivo y marco legal. En tercer lugar se realiza un diagnostico integrado de la situacion territorial de la Costa. En este diagnostico tiene una especial importancia el Modelo Territorial, pieza clave para entender el espacio estudiado. Por ultimo, se plantean una alternativas al modelo territorial existente, que se basan en estrategias de desarrollo, programas de actuaciones y unas categorias de ordenacion territorial para los diversos espacios de la Costa.
Biopsy testing in an inoperable, non-small cell lung cancer population-a retrospective, real-life study in Sweden.

BACKGROUND Correct diagnosis and staging are required for optimal treatment choice in lung cancer patients. This retrospective, patient medical records study investigated the clinical practice of lung cancer biopsy procedures and testing in Sweden. METHODS Consecutive patients with a recorded inoperable, malignant tumour of bronchus and lung were retrospectively identified at geographically widespread pulmonology clinics (NCT01139619). Data, including diagnostic sampling methodology [bronchoscopy, biopsy by pulmonologist and computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy], were collected for patients diagnosed between 1 June 2009-31 May 2010, and analysed using descriptive statistics. A study-predefined algorithm, including six criteria on tumour localization and size, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), blood saturation and risk of bleeding theoretically categorizing patient suitability for CT-guided biopsy, was used. RESULTS In total, 132 patients (mean age 68 years, 48% women, 61% adenocarcinoma, 86% current/ former smokers, 96% performance status ≤2, mean FEV1 volume ≥2 L) were included. The majority were examined by >1 diagnostic procedure (29% by CT-guided biopsy). Median overall time from first hospital contact to established diagnosis was 12.0 days (10.0 and 28.0 days for bronchoscopy and CT-guided biopsy, respectively). No major differences in lung function, age, performance status or predefined algorithm criteria were noted for patients examined by CT-guided biopsy versus bronchoscopy or biopsy. Complications were reported for 11 patients, including pneumothorax in six patients. Histopathology was used most frequently to diagnose and subtype (70%), although 66% of patients examined solely by bronchoscopy were diagnosed by cytology. For 26.5% of patients, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing was recorded. CONCLUSIONS No limitations regarding patient suitability or methodological complications were noted in this real-life, observational study. The CT-guided biopsy is a relatively safe and well-established method, and may need to be utilized further to fulfil current and future demands for faster diagnosis and high quality tissue as new tumour markers and targeted therapies become available.
Class D series resonant converter controlled with FPGA-based delta-sigma modulator

A 1st order 1-bit delta-sigma modulator to control a Class D series resonant converter is built with an FPGA. The target reference and the feedback gain are freely chosen. A Class D series resonant converter designed at an operating frequency of 200 [kHz] was built and driven by the FPGA-based delta-sigma modulator. Maintaining zero-current switching (ZCS) operation, the output voltage and power were changed from 0.945 [V], 89.1 [mW] to 8.22 [V], 6.75 [W] in the circuit experiments fed by 20.0 [V] dc-voltage source. The measured power conversion efficiency was from 71.8 [%] to 83.0 [%]. These performances have also been confirmed with MATLAB simulink simulator. In the frequency domain, no specific component was found except the switching frequency and its 2nd harmonic in the observed output voltage.
SGS 3 and SGS 2 / SDE 1 / RDR 6 are required for juvenile development and the production of transacting siRNAs in Arabidopsis

Higher plants undergo a transition from a juvenile to an adult phase of vegetative development prior to flowering. Screens for mutants that undergo this transition precociously produced alleles of two genes required for posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS)—SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3 (SGS3) and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING2(SGS2)/SILENCING DEFECTIVE1 (SDE1)/RNA-DEPENDENT POLYMERASE6 (RDR6). Loss-of-function mutations in these genes have a phenotype similar to that of mutations in the Argonaute gene ZIPPY (ZIP). Epistasis analysis suggests that ZIP, SGS3, SGS2/SDE1/RDR6, and the putative miRNA export receptor, HASTY (HST), operate in the same pathway(s). Microarray analysis revealed a small number of genes whose mRNA is increased in ZIP, SGS3, and SGS2/SDE1/RDR6 mutants, as well as genes that are up-regulated in SGS3 and SGS2/SDE1/RDR6 mutants, but not in ZIP mutants. One of these latter genes (At5g18040) is silenced posttranscriptionally in trans by the sRNA255 family of endogenous, noncoding, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The increase in At5g18040 mRNA in SGS3 and SGS2/SDE1/ RDR6 mutants is attributable to the absence of sRNA255-like siRNAs in these mutants. These results demonstrate a role for endogenous siRNAs in the regulation of gene expression, and suggest that PTGS plays a central role in the temporal control of shoot development in plants.
Stress fractures of the femoral neck in runners: a review

ABSTRACT A systematic review, following strict inclusion criteria, identified 32/48 low and 16/48 high-performance runners with stress fractures of the femoral neck. Surgical treatment was performed in 33/48 cases and was significantly higher (p = 0.009) in high-performance runners. Among the 28/48 runners who resumed running, there were significantly more lower-performance runners (23/32) than higher-performing runners (5/16) (p = 0.012) and significantly more non-displaced (22/30) than displaced fractures (6/18) (p = 0.014). Complicated cases showed significantly less favourable follow-up results (p = 0.036). A significantly shorter (p = 0.032) diagnostic time for evaluation occurred with a previous history of a stress fracture or a relevant comorbidity. Stress fractures of the femoral neck represent an incisive incident for runners, and early consideration in the differential diagnosis of hip pain is required to avoid potential long-term sequelae and suboptimal function.
Intrathecal adenosine does not relieve allodynia-like behavior in spinally injured rats.

The intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (R-PIA) reduced pain-related behaviors after peripheral nerve or spinal cord injury in rats. The endogenous ligand adenosine is clinically available and has been tested i.t. as an analgesic. Thus, we set out to investigate whether i.t. adenosine could reduce allodynia in a model of central pain in spinally injured rats. I.t. adenosine did not reduce mechanical and cold allodynia-like behaviors at doses of 10, 100 and 187 nmol, whereas i.t. R-PIA at 10 nmol markedly alleviated allodynia in the same animals. The lack of effect by exogenous adenosine may be due to pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic reasons. Alternatively, adenosine may have reduced affinity and selectivity towards the A1-receptors which may be important for the antiallodynic effect.
Gender Roles and/or Styles in Crisis: An Integrative Analysis of the Experiences of Fathers of Children with Cancer

Despite a proliferation of research with families of children with cancer and gender differences in parental coping, few studies have explicitly explored the experiences of fathers of children with cancer. Using several different data collection efforts, including semistructured in-depth interviews and open workshops, this integrative analysis views fathers’ experiences through the lens of gender. Findings suggest that fathers’ experiences can be understood as influenced by gender identities, gender roles, and the gendered organization of support systems, employment, and health care institutions. The results suggest the need for interventions that provide fathers and entire families with the opportunity to develop new skills and coping strategies for dealing with the stresses and challenges of childhood cancer.
Effects of organic fertilizers on growth, yield, quality and sensory evaluation of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) 'Veneza Roxa'.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the widely used salad vegetable in Swaziland. However, there is a dearth of information pertaining to organic lettuce production. An experiment was conducted in a lath house at the Horticulture farm, Luyengo Campus of the University of Swaziland to assess the effects of organic fertilizers on yield and quality of lettuce grown in river sand. The organic fertilizers used were (a) bounce back compost, (b) cattle manure and(c) chicken manure. The rates of application were 40 tones per hectare (t/ha) for chicken and cattle manures, 1.5 t/ha basal dressing and 1.0 t/ha side dressing for bounce back compost. Inorganic fertilizers 2:3:2 (22) + 0.5 % zinc (Zn) and limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN 28%) were included at specific application rates of 955 kg/ha basal dressing and 100 kg/ha side dressing as control. The results showed that type of fertilizer applied significantly (P 0.05) differences in appearance and taste among treatments. Results of this experiment showed that inorganic fertilizers were less suitable in lettuce production in river sand when compared to organic fertilizers. It is recommended that lettuce can be grown successfully using organic fertilizers.
A 3.125-Gb/s CMOS word alignment demultiplexer for serial data communications

A cascaded 1:10 demultiplexer with comma detection and word alignment has been developed and fabricated using a 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS technology. It operates at half the clock frequency of the input data and uses a word alignment clock divider to ensure the parallel data output at the word boundary. Tested on wafer, the chip can operate from 1Gb/s to 3.125Gb/s to meet various specifications. The measured peak-peak voltage is above 700mV based on 50 /spl Omega/ load and the phase jitter are 11ps rms at the 3.125-Gb/s standard input bit rate. The power consumption is 234mW with a 3.3V supply and the chip area is 1.3mm/sup 2/.
Inhibition of Influenza G Virus by Hemophilus influenzae in Embryonated Eggs.∗

Summary Active proliferation of Hemo-philus influenzae, type a in the amniotic fluid of embryonated eggs has a marked inhibitory but not completely suppressive effect on a concurrently established Influenza C virus infection. The nature of the inhibitory mechanism is undetermined. It is presumed that a labile substance or substances produced by the proliferating bacteria disrupt the process of production of virus constituents without appreciable damage to the host cells.
Retentive Memory of Bacteria: Long-Term Regulation of Dehalorespiration in Sulfurospirillum multivorans

ABSTRACT The gram-negative, strictly anaerobic epsilonproteobacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans is able to gain energy from dehalorespiration with tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene [PCE]) as a terminal electron acceptor. The organism can also utilize fumarate as an electron acceptor. Prolonged subcultivation of S. multivorans in the absence of PCE with pyruvate as an electron donor and fumarate as an electron acceptor resulted in a decrease of PCE dehalogenase (PceA) activity. Concomitantly, the pceA transcript level equally decreased as shown by reverse transcriptase PCR. After 35 subcultivations (approximately 105 generations), a pceA transcript was not detectable and the PceA protein and activity were completely absent. In such long-term subcultivated S. multivorans cells, the biosynthesis of catalytically active PceA was restored to the initial level within about 50 h (approximately three generations) by the addition of PCE or trichloroethene. Single colonies obtained from PceA-depleted cultures were able to induce PCE dechlorination, indicating that long-term subcultured cells still contained the functional pceA gene. The results point to a novel type of long-term regulation of PCE dehalogenase gene expression in S. multivorans.
It ’ s a Good Time for Time-Bin Qubits

In contrast to classical bits of information that are either 0or1, quantum bits—or “qubits”—can be in superposition states of 0and1. Just like classical bits, however, qubits are physical objects that have to be implemented in real physical systems. Researchers have used single photons as physical qubits, with the quantum information encoded in terms of polarization, angular momentum, and many other degrees of freedom. The time-bin degree of freedom (that is, encoding quantum information in terms of relative arrival times of light pulses) offers a particularly robust kind of single-photon qubits, and two recent papers have advanced the use of time-bin qubits in dramatic ways.
Long term androgen replacement therapy does not preclude gonadotrophin-induced improvement on spermatogenesis.

A previously hypophysectomized man with azoospermia, who was on androgen replacement therapy since 11 years, was studied with regard to his intratesticular steroid conversion capacity in vitro after which he was given combined hCG/hMG therapy. Before therapy a steroid conversion pattern similar to that seen in prepubertal boys was found, i.e. a high proportion of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone was produced while only smaller amounts of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was produced from the substrate 3H-progesterone. After only five weeks of hCG/hMG treatment, sperm counts and serum testosterone levels increased dramatically and a child was conceived. The steroid conversion pattern simultaneously switched to the mature, adult type with a low production of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and large amounts of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone being produced in vitro. Thus gonadotrophin substitution therapy may still be very effective after long term androgen replacement.