Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homonymous Visual Field Defects and Stroke in an Older Population

Purpose— The objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence of homonymous visual field defects in a defined older urban population and associations with self-reported stroke. Methods— Homonymous visual field defects were assessed from screening automated visual field tests of both eyes in 3654 persons aged ≥49 years who were participating in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. This represented 82.4% of eligible residents from a defined area west of Sydney, Australia. A detailed eye examination was performed, and the medical history was taken. Masked grading of visual fields was used to classify the presence of homonymous visual field defects. Results— Homonymous visual field defects were found in 25 persons (prevalence 0.8%, 95% CI 0.5% to 1.1%). Stroke history was reported by 194 participants (5.3%, 95% CI 4.6% to 6.1%). A strong relationship was found between homonymous visual field defects and history of stroke, age-, and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 23.4 (95% CI 9.9 to 55.7). Homonymous field defects were present in 8.3% of all persons who reported experiencing a stroke. Among those with homonymous field defects, 52% reported a history of stroke. Only 2 of 10 persons (20%) with homonymous field defects without a history of stroke reported having stopped driving, whereas 6 of 9 (67%) reporting stroke had stopped driving (P =0.07). Increasing age (OR 1.4 per decade, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) was significantly associated with homonymous visual field defects, with adjustment for sex, whereas a history of hypertension (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.1), diabetes (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2), and renal impairment (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.1) also was associated, with adjustment for age and sex. Conclusions— This study provides accurate prevalence data for homonymous visual field defects in an older population. About half the participants did not report stroke.
Face recognition based on auto-switching magnetic door lock system using microcontroller

Face recognition system is widely used for human identification due to its capability to measure and subsequently identifies human identification especially for security purposes. This paper presents the development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) based on face recognition system and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) as an input/output carrier to switch on/off magnetic lock for door lock security system. The development is implemented by interfacing GUI built in MATLABR2009a with microcontroller to auto-switching magnetic lock for door lock security system. USB serial communication is used to interface between GUI and PIC microcontroller that allows input data transmission from GUI to microcontroller. The developed system shows that the auto-switching mode transmission being implemented via PIC microcontroller and USB serial communication cable. It was also found that GUI can successfully switch on and off the magnetic lock when an authorized image from GUI database is identified.
Biotype Status and Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Shandong Province of China Based on Mitochondrial DNA Markers

Abstract Bemisia tabaci has caused significant crop losses in China during the last decade. Recent research has shown that two potentially invasive variants, biotypes B and Q, have been found in several regions of China. Our objective was to determine the biotype status and the distribution of B. tabaci in Shandong province, an important agricultural region of China. Based on mitochondrial DNA markers, both biotypes B and Q were detected, with B being the predominant biotype. The results indicate that the more recently introduced biotype Q has not only been located in China but also has established and spread in some regions.
Silicon nanocrystal production through non-thermal plasma synthesis: a comparative study between silicon tetrachloride and silane precursors

Silicon nanocrystals with sizes between 5 and 10 nm have been produced in a non-thermal plasma reactor using silicon tetrachloride as precursor. We demonstrate that high-quality material can be produced with this method and that production rates as high as 140 mg h−1 can be obtained, with a maximum precursor utilization rate of roughly 50%. Compared to the case in which particles are produced using silane as the main precursor, the gas composition needs to be modified and hydrogen needs to be added to the mixture to enable the nucleation and growth of the powder. The presence of chlorine in the system leads to the production of nanoparticles with a chlorine terminated surface which is significantly less robust against oxidation in air compared to the case of a hydrogen terminated surface. We also observe that significantly higher power input is needed to guarantee the formation of crystalline particles, which is a consequence not only of the different gas-phase composition, but also of the influence of chlorine on the stability of the crystalline structure.
Poor Prognosis in a Case of Depression as Predicted by the Repertory Grid

In Personal Construct Theory (Kelly, 1955), a person is considered to describe and predict his perception of the world by using bi-polar constructs which form an integrated system. In clinical practice it is possible to elicit from a patient not only a description of his environment in his own constructs but also an account of how he uses his construct system to predict future events. The following study shows how an assessment of the patient's construct system is useful in evaluating the outcome by therapy.
Pathology in drug discovery and development

The rapid pace of drug discovery and drug development in oncology, immunology and ophthalmology brings new challenges; the efficient and effective development of new targeted drugs will require more detailed molecular classifications of histologically homogeneous diseases that show heterogeneous clinical outcomes. To this end, single companion diagnostics for specific drugs will be replaced by multiplex diagnostics for entire therapeutic areas, preserving tissue and enabling rapid molecular taxonomy. The field will move away from the development of new molecular entities as single agents, to which resistance is common. Instead, a detailed understanding of the pathological mechanisms of resistance, in patients and in preclinical models, will be key to the validation of scientifically rational and clinically effective drug combinations. To remain at the heart of disease diagnosis and appropriate management, pathologists must evolve into translational biologists and biomarker scientists. Herein, we provide examples of where this metamorphosis has already taken place, in lung cancer and melanoma, where the transformation has yet to begin, in the use of immunotherapies for ophthalmology and oncology, and where there is fertile soil for a revolution in treatment, in efforts to classify glioblastoma and personalize treatment. The challenges of disease heterogeneity, the regulatory environment and adequate tissue are ever present, but these too are being overcome in dedicated academic centres. In summary, the tools necessary to overcome the 'whens' and 'ifs' of the molecular revolution are in the hands of pathologists today; it is a matter of standardization, training and leadership to bring these into routine practice and translate science into patient benefit. This Annual Review Issue of the Journal of Pathology highlights the central role for pathology in modern drug discovery and development. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheological and molecular weight comparisons of approved hyaluronic acid products – preliminary standards for establishing class III medical device equivalence

Abstract Hyaluronic acid of various molecular weights has been in use for the treatment of osteoarthritis knee pain for decades. Worldwide, these products are regulated as either as drugs or devices and in some countries as both. In the US, this class of products is regulated as Class III medical devices, which places specific regulatory requirements on developers of these materials under a Pre-Market Approval process, typically requiring data from prospective randomized controlled clinical studies. In 1984 pharmaceutical manufacturers became able to file an Abbreviated New Drug Application for approval of a generic drug, thus establishing standards for demonstrating equivalence to an existing chemical entity. Recently, the first biosimilar, or ‘generic biologic’, was approved. Biosimilars are biological products that are approved by the FDA because they are ‘highly similar’ to a reference product, and have been shown to have no clinically meaningful differences from the reference product. For devices, Class II medical devices have a pathway for declaring equivalence to an existing product by filing a 510 k application for FDA clearance. However, until recently no equivalent regulatory pathway was available to Class III devices. In this paper, we consider the critical mechanical performance parameters for intra-articular hyaluronic products to demonstrate indistinguishable characteristics. Analogous to the aforementioned pathways that allow for a demonstration of equivalence, we examine these parameters for an existing, marketed device and compare molecular weight and rheological properties of multiple batches of a similar product. We propose that this establishes a scientific rationale for establishing Class III medical device equivalence.
Comparison of Patient and Surgeon Perceptions of Adverse Events After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

Study Design. Survey based on complication scenarios. Objective. To assess and compare perceived potential impacts of various perioperative adverse events by both surgeons and patients. Summary of Background Data. Incidence of adverse events after adult spinal deformity surgery remains substantial. Patient-centered outcomes tools measuring the impact of these events have not been developed. An important first step is to assess the perceptions of surgeons and patients regarding the impact of these events on surgical outcome and quality of life. Methods. Descriptions of 22 potential adverse events of surgery (heart attack, stroke, spinal cord injury, nerve root injury, cauda equina injury, blindness, dural tear, blood transfusion, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, superficial infection, deep infection, lung failure, urinary tract infection, nonunion, adjacent segment disease, persistent deformity, implant failure, death, renal failure, gastrointestinal complications, and sexual dysfunction) were presented to 14 spinal surgeons and 16 adult patients with spinal deformity. Impact scores were assigned to each complication on the basis of perceptions of overall severity, satisfaction with surgery, and effect on quality of life. Impact scores were compared between surgeons and patients with a Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. Mean impact scores varied from 0.9 (blood transfusion) to 10.0 (death) among surgeons and 2.3 (urinary tract infection) to 9.2 (stroke) among patients. Patients' scores were consistently higher (P < 0.05) than surgeons in all 3 categories for 6 potential adverse events: stroke, lung failure, heart attack, pulmonary embolism, dural tear, and blood transfusion. Three additional complications (renal failure, non-union, and deep vein thrombosis) were rated higher in 1 or 2 categories by patients. Conclusion. There was substantial variation in how both surgeons and patients perceived impacts of various adverse events after spine surgery. Patients generally perceived the impact of adverse events to be greater than surgeons. Patient-centered descriptions of adverse events would provide a more complete description of surgical outcomes.
TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS TO A CLASS OF NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

In this paper we consider the asymptotic behavior in time of solutions to the heat equation with nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions of the form ∂u/∂n = F(u), where F is a function that grows superlinearly. Solutions frequently exist for only a finite time before "blowing up. " In particular, it is well known that solutions with initial data of one sign must blow up in finite time, but the situation for sign-changing initial data is less well understood. We examine in detail conditions under which solutions with sign-changing initial data (and certain symmetries) must blow up, and also conditions under which solutions actually decay to zero. We carry out this analysis in one space dimension for a rather general F, while in two space dimensions we confine our analysis to the unit disk and F of a special form.
Changes in the contribution of genital tract infections to HIV acquisition among Kenyan high-risk women from 1993 to 2012

Objective:The objective of this study was to understand temporal trends in the contribution of different genital tract infections to HIV incidence over 20 years of follow-up in a cohort of high-risk women. Design:A prospective cohort study. Methods:We performed monthly evaluations for HIV, vaginal yeast, bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, nonspecific cervicitis, herpes simplex virus type two (HSV-2), genital ulcer disease (GUD) and genital warts. We used Cox regression to evaluate the association between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV acquisition over four time periods (1993–1997, 1998–2002, 2003–2007, 2008–2012). Models were adjusted for age, workplace, sexual risk behaviour, hormonal contraceptive use and other STIs. The resulting hazard ratios were used to calculate population attributable risk percentage (PAR%). Results:Between 1993 and 2012, 1964 women contributed 6135 person-years of follow-up. The overall PAR% for each infection was prevalent HSV-2 (48.3%), incident HSV-2 (4.5%), bacterial vaginosis (15.1%), intermediate microbiota (7.5%), vaginal yeast (6.4%), T. vaginalis (1.1%), N. gonorrhoeae (0.9%), nonspecific cervicitis (0.7%), GUD (0.8%) and genital warts (−0.2%). Across the four time periods, the PAR% for prevalent HSV-2 (40.4%, 61.8%, 58.4%, 48.3%) and bacterial vaginosis (17.1%, 19.5%, 14.7%, 17.1%) remained relatively high and had no significant trend for change over time. The PAR% for trichomoniasis, gonorrhoea, GUD and genital warts remained less than 3% across the four periods. Conclusion:Bacterial vaginosis and HSV-2 have consistently been the largest contributors to HIV acquisition risk in the Mombasa Cohort over the past 20 years. Interventions that prevent these conditions would benefit women's health and could reduce their risk of becoming infected with HIV.
Isoxazole derivatives as centrally acting muscle relaxants. III. Synthesis and activity of conformationally restricted analogs.

Conformationally restricted analogs of muscle-relaxant 3-amino-2-methyl-N- (3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl) propanamides (1) and 5- (3-aminopropylamino) -3-phenylisoxazoles (2) were prepared, and their muscle-relaxant and other pharmacological activities were tested and compared with those of the corresponding acyclic derivatives. 7- (3-Diethylamino-2-methylpropanoyl) -3-phenyl-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5, 4-b] pyridine (8) exhibited muscle-relaxant and anticonvulsant activities comparable with those of corresponding acyclic derivatives, i.e. 3-diethylamino-2-methyl-N- (3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl) propanamides (1e-g), but other types of compounds showed decreased activities. The preferred conformation of the present isoxazole derivatives for muscle-relaxant activity is discussed.7-Benzyl-6-methyl-3-phenyl-4-pyrrolidino-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5, 4-b] pyridine (3d) showed moderate central nervous system-depressant activity.
A Novel Method to Expand the Operational Bandwidth of the One-pump Fiber Parametric Wavelength Converter

In this paper it is proved that for one-pump fiber parametric wavelength converters there exists an optimal wavelength at which the allowable output and input wavelength range can be maximized. Analytical expressions of the optimal wavelength and the corresponding maximal bandwidth are obtained. Then a two-stage bidirectionally pumping method is proposed to fully utilize the bandwidth within which efficient four-wave mixing and low gain ripple occurs. Using this method the allowable input and output wavelength range can be increased by 4 dB compared to the one-stage one.
Development of the Thymus Requires Signaling Through the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor R2-IIIb

Mice deficient for fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)R2-IIIb show a block in thymic growth after embryonic day 12.5, a stage that just precedes its detection in thymic epithelial cells. Fgf7 and Fgf10, the main ligands for FgfR2-IIIb, are expressed in the mesenchyme surrounding the thymic epithelial primordium, and Fgf10-deficient mice also exhibit impaired thymic growth. Hence, Fgf signaling is essential for thymic epithelial proliferation. In addition to the proliferative block, most thymic epithelial cells fail to progress from an immature cytokeratin 5-positive to a cytokeratin 5-negative phenotype. Nevertheless, sufficient epithelial cell differentiation occurs in the severely hypoplastic thymus to allow the development of CD4/CD8-double-positive thymocytes and a very small number of single-positive thymocytes expressing TCRs.
Resolution of multiple endosomal compartments associated with the internalization of epidermal growth factor and transferrin

Morphological studies have indicated divergent pathways for the endocytosis of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transferrin (Tf). In order to obtain biochemical evidence for the pathways associated with the endocytosis of EGF and Tf, a series of Percoll density gradients were employed to separate individual cellular components. Subcellular fractionation of murine fibro‐blasts exposed to a 2‐min pulse of either 125l‐Tf or 125I‐EGF results in the detection of a total of six cellular compartments related to the internalization process of these ligands. The results of kinetic analysis of the entry of EGF into five membranous fractions is consistent with a model in which ligand is transferred sequentially from the plasma membrane through three distinct prelysosomal environments prior to reaching secondary lysosomes. Each prelysosomal compartment exhibits distinct density and temporal properties in a Percoll density gradient and may represent preexisting endocytic vesicles and/or specific domains of a continuous tubular structure, vesicularized during the process of cell disruption. In addition, the observed differential migration on Percoll density gradients of Tf and EGF containing compartments indicates that the majority of cell bound Tf segregates from EGF and enters a compartment lacking EGF within 5 min of internalization.
First results of a 1 . 2 THz MMIC subharmonic mixer based GaAs Schottky diodes for planetary atmospheric remote sensing

We present here the first measurement results of a 1200 GHz heterodyne receiver front-end prototype based on this Schottky GaAs membrane technology. The 1200 GHz subharmonic mixer design, previously reported, uses a suspended MMIC GaAs membrane that feature a balanced pair of planar Schottky diodes and an on-chip MIM capacitor for DC forward biasing capabilities. The possibility to bias the sub-harmonic mixer is very important in order to release constraints on the amount of LO power required at 600 GHz. Measurement results show a DSB mixer noise temperature better than 6000 K and DSB mixer conversion losses better than 15 dB are achieved in the RF range 1130 GHz to 1220 GHz. The estimated LO input power available is between 1 mW and 1.5 mW. For this relatively low LO power levels, the optimum bias voltage is approx. 0.85 V with a rectifying current of 170 uA. These performance values are in agreement with predictions, but it is believed that the performance can be improved by selecting devices with better electrical characteristics and increasing the amount of LO power available.
Analysis of Vascular Pattern Recognition Using Neural Network

Biometric identification using vein patterns is a recent technique. The vein patterns are unique to each individual even in twins and they don’t change over age except their size. As veins are beneath the skin it is difficult to forge. BOSPHOROUS hand vein database is used in this work. Hand vein images are uploaded first and key points using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) are extracted. Then the neural network is used for training these images. Finally neural network is used for testing these images to check whether the image used for testing matches with the existing database or not. Results are computed like False Acceptation Rate (FAR), False Rejection Rate (FRR), accuracy and error per bit stream.
PATTERN OF INJURIES SEEN IN MASS CASUALTIES IN TERRORIST ATTACKS IN BALUCHISTAN, PAKISTAN--A THREE YEARS EXPERIENCE.

BACKGROUND As a front line state in war against terror, Pakistan has been a victim of terrorism, for the last many years & Baluchistan has been the hub of all such terror activities. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and type of injuries in mass casualties in terrorist activities in Baluchistan. METHODS The study was done by the review of the record of all patients of terrorist attacks who were admitted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Quetta from 27th Aug 2012 to 31st Jul 2015. The final injuries sustained by the victims were documented in the patient charts after repeated examination. The data was collected from these patient charts. Data was analysed using SPSS-21. Frequency & percentages of different injuries was calculated to determine the injury pattern. RESULTS A total of 3034 patients reported to the hospital (n-3034), 2228 were admitted (73.4%). Out of the injured, 1720 (56.69%) were patients of multi system trauma, whereas 1314 (43.3%) had a single site injury. Out of these 537 patients had fractures of long bones (17.6%), those with head & spinal injuries with neurological deficit were 455 (14.9%), 266 had abdominal injuries requiring surgical intervention (8.7%), 75 (2.47%) had thoracic injuries were whereas 25 (0.82%) were vascular injuries, requiring emergent limb saving surgeries. Sex ratio was M/F=5.7: 1 Mean hospital stay was 6.31 days. CONCLUSION Majority of the injured had multisystem injuries; therefore the hospital should have a well-trained multi-disciplinary team of surgeons. In addition to general surgery, the subspecialties' should include orthopaedics, vascular, thoracic and neurosurgery.
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON MAIZE PLANTS GROWN UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

This paper is focused on the cadmium accumulation by maize (Zea mays) plants grown on Eutric Fluvisols material with different Cd contamination. The cadmium contents in soil material were increased by 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/kg Cd using cadmium acetate. Results of tests carried out to determine the content of cadmium in soil and maize plants (roots and aboveground parts) showed that the cadmium uptake in maize plants increased with increasing total cadmium content in soil. An increases more than 14 times of total cadmium content in the soil increased the cadmium content in different parts of maize plants (185 times in roots and 54 times in aboveground parts). The high cadmium content in soil does not induce highly significant reductions of above-ground biomass of maize plants.
Induction of pCW3-encoded tetracycline resistance in Clostridium perfringens involves a host-encoded factor.

The tetracycline resistance determinant Tet P, which is encoded by the conjugative plasmid pCW3 from Clostridium perfringens, is induced by subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline. In this study we have shown that the inducible phenotype is strain dependent. When pCW3 is present in derivatives of the wild-type strains CW234 and CW362 resistance is inducible. However, transfer to derivatives of strain 13 leads to a constitutive phenotype that is only observed in this strain background. Based on these results it is proposed that induction of the pCW3-encoded tet(P) genes in C. perfringens requires a host-encoded factor that is either absent or nonfunctional in strain 13 derivatives.