Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ constructions of ubuntu and social justice in an African distance service-learning programme.

Ubuntu and social justice are both concepts that resonate with the pursuit of harmony, wellbeing, and reciprocity that service-learning encompasses. The concept of Ubuntu is African whilst the concept of social justice has global and often Eurocentric roots. The aftermath of colonisation in Africa has resulted in an imported pedagogical paradigm from the West that has suppressed an African pedagogy through the erasure of the African voice to date. The decolonisation of education in Africa in this study seeks to uncover Ubuntu as an epistemological underpinning and way forward in transforming education through service-learning in Africa. This qualitative research used social constructionism to frame the discourse analysis utilised in this study. Social constructionism explores how shared experiences and understandings between human beings constitute their reality. Discourse analysis further explores how the use of language and meaning-making systems can construct, position and constrain people. Service-learning students from several African countries that all had experience in a distance service-learning programme spoke of their understandings of Ubuntu and social justice within two focus groups. Exploration of the overarching discourses at play within the service-learning students’ talk revealed dominant power relations and socio-cultural institutions embedded within the talk. The results explored the deployment of predominant discourses of ‘holon-ness’, moral philosophy and Africentricism in the construction of Ubuntu and positioned global culture as threat to its survival. The service-learning students actively engaged with Ubuntu and drew on indigenous knowledge to construct it as an African moral philosophy. The concept of social justice was passively placed in the expert field of the law and human rights by drawing on Eurocentric and United Statesian iterations to construct and make meaning of it. The construction of social justice in relation to Ubuntu were dualistic, as separate definitions of the terms were contradictory in isolation but when discussed together, social justice was reterritorialised to Africa by constructing it as a tenet of Ubuntu on the condition that it pursued harmony and community welfare.
Advances in apple breeding for enhanced fruit quality and resistance to biotic stresses: new varieties for the European market

The current trends and future prospects for apple breeding in the newly enlarged 25-member European Union (EU) are reported. The last twenty years have seen a marked rise in both the number of breeding programmes and of the cultivars they have released. The main objectives of these efforts have focused on resistance to diseases like scab, mildew and fire blight and on enhanced fruit quality in its broadest sense-appearance, sensory traits, storability and shelf-life. While there are many new scab-resistant apples, their appeal to mainstream consumers is notably restricted. Yet the future appears to hold much promise for these programmes. The use of new biotech tools should accelerate the development of novel varieties while saving time and reducing work loads. Indeed, several stations have already introduced markerassisted selection (MAS) for monogenic traits and QTLs are increasingly important in segregating polygenic traits. Expectations are high that with efforts like the EU’s new HiDRAS Project traits involved in fruit quality (ripening, softening, acids, sugars, flavour, polyphenols and other antioxidant compounds) can be controlled. Other molecular tools are employed for genotyping parental lines, and genetic mapping of functional gene markers. Genomics is an area that is increasingly important for studies of gene expression targeted to such traits as fruiting, abiotic and biotic stress resistance, tree and bearing habit. The main tree behaviour and fruit-quality traits of more than 30 novel European-bred varieties are reported.
Seasonal variation of Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) infestation in sparid fishes in the Northeast Mediterranean Sea

The presence of a Raphidascarid parasitic nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) in the sparid fish Sparus aurata and Diplodus vulgaris was investigated in this study. A total of 471 individuals (208 Sparus aurata and 263 Diplodus vulgaris) collected for this purpose from the Gulf of Mersin between May 2003 and April 2004 were examined. Seasonal variation in the intensity (MI: mean ± SD) and prevalence (P: %) of the parasite were also determined and the highest P and MI values were found in June 2003 (3.5 ± 0.71 and 8.70%) for S. aurata and March 2004 (4.0 ± 0 and 19.5%) for D. vulgaris.
The potential impact of climate change on the distribution and prevalence of mosquitoes in Britain.

Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbwy, Wiltshire, SP4 OJO, UK Email:Jolyon.Medlock@hpa.org. ukThe aquatic habitats of the 33 species of mosquito recorded in Britain vary considerably. Some speciesdevelop in permanent ground water, while others occupy temporary fresh-water or saline pools, somemature in the water that collects in holes in trees and yet others in containers such as rain water barrels andhorse troughs. Some species exploit a variety of larval habitats~ others are more specialised. One Britishmosquito selects underground water that collects in flooded basements, the foundations of dwellings,drains, underground railway tunnels and similar cloistered situations. To predict how these quite variedaquatic habitats will change when subjected to global climate change is difficult. What is certain is that theywill not all alter in either the same way or to the same extentDeveloping an understanding of the likely effects of climate change on different mosquito species is notonly valuable from an insect ecology perspective, but has implications for the transmission of mosquito-bome infections. The increased breeding ability of one putative vector species or the occurrence offavourable conditions for exotic species could have implications for the occurrence and intensity oftransmission of mosquito-bome infections. Understanding which mosquito species could be involved in thetransmission of infectious diseases (Higgs et al., 2004; Medlock et al., 2005) and the effect that a changingclimate might have on these putative vectors (Snow, 1999), is an important pre-requisite for assessing theimplications of climate change on the distribution (Snow et al., 1998) and abundance of British mosquitoes,and the future public and veterinary health consequences.There are many ongoing influences on the distribution and abundance of mosquitoes in Britain that areindependent of climate change, which also need to be considered and brief mention will be made of these.One of the major factors is the evolving landscape with continuing urbanisation, changes in agriculturalpractices and land use, development of wetlands for wildlife and recreation and increased abstraction ofwater from our rivers with its subsequent effect on existing wetlands. To this list can be added the directeffect on mosquitoes of pollution arising from industry, transport and agribusiness and the use ofinsecticides to control agricultural pests. Some of these will almost certainly be influenced by public worksdesigned to ameliorate the impact of climate change.Though the endq:>hilic and endophagic
The Effect of Elevated Levels of Carbon Dioxide on Potato Crops

SUMMARY Experiments, which have investigated the effect of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 on the physiology, growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), are reviewed. These studies were conducted in controlled environment chambers, in glasshouses, in open top field chambers as well as using free air carbon dioxide (FACE) exposure systems. In general, photosynthesis is stimulated by elevated CO2 initially although long-term exposure leads to acclimation. The stomata of potato leaves partially close in response to elevated CO2 and starch granules build up in the chloroplasts. Although above- and below-ground biomass production is stimulated, accelerated senescence limits growth towards the end of the growing season exposure to elevated CO2 stimulates tuber yield, the magnitude of which depends on agronomic practise, cultivar choice and growing conditions. The beneficial effects of elevated CO2 may be reduced by interaction with other components of climate change, such as drought stress. Modelling of the effects of climate change on potato yield has predicted an increase in yields in northern Europe with little change in central and southern Europe. It is suggested that further research is needed to understand the reasons for photosynthetic acclimation, field trials are also needed to understand and quantify the interaction between elevated CO2 and drought stress.
Scenarier för Blekinge 2050 : En rapport inom projektet Strukturbild Blekinge 2.0

Medan Sverige ar en global foregangare inom hallbar utveckling betonar Klimatpolitiska radet 2019 att hallbarhetsatgarderna ar for langsamma for att uppfylla de aktuella malen, sarskilt nar det gal .
The Impact of Values-based Leadership on Ethical Loyalty in Saudi Arabian Health Organizations

The study aims to achieve the following objectives: Know the degree of practice of Values-Based Leadership of Saudi health organizations, know the level of ethical loyalty of Saudi health organizations and know the level of relationship between Values-Based Leadership and ethical loyalty in Saudi health organizations. The results of the test and analysis of the main hypotheses and sub-hypotheses indicated the acceptance and confirmation of all studies hypotheses (main hypotheses and sub-hypotheses). There is also a positive statistical significance relationship between Values-Based Leadership and ethical loyalty. The level of employee’s Values-Based Leadership perception in Saudi health organizations under study is high. The level of employee’s Values-Based Leadership application in Saudi health organizations under study is high.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM LITERASI SAINS BERBASIS ICT DI SD NEGERI 07 KOTA BENGKULU

The level of literacy in Indonesian is very low. Science literacy becomes very important for students to have as provisions to face the challenges of 21st-century development, including learning, innovating, critical thinking, problem-solving, creative, communication, and collaboration. Information, media, and technology literacy are becoming very important. The purpose of this activity can improve (1) teacher understanding of ICT media for literacy learning,(2) students' knowledge about animal conservation using ICT-based literacy media, and (3) student responses about ICT-based literacy media. The target audiences are (1) teacher, and (2) grade IV A and B students from State Elementary School Number 07 in Bengkulu City. The activity was carried out on the thematic learning theme 3 Caring for Living Things, Subtheme 2 Diversity of Living Things in My Environment using the ICT Based Project Based Learning model. The methods used: presentations, Focus Group Discussion, simulations and demonstrations, and classroom learning practices. The instruments used a teacher questionnaire, student responses, and essay questions. The conclusions obtained: (1) the percentage for teacher understanding of ICT literacy is still low, about 54.55%, (2) students with good categories about animal life knowledge by 93.1%, and (3) student interest on ICT learning increase about 84.62%. Suggestions given to support the successful implementation for the literacy program in elementary schools, are: (1) teachers should be able to use ICT-based learning media both on- line and off-line; (2) teachers design an assessment of students' high-level thinking knowledge.
The role of uPAR in inducing a cancer stem cell-like phenotype in breast cancer and allowing cells to develop endocrine therapy resistance

The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is a cell-signaling receptor and a negative prognostic indicator in human breast cancer. uPAR-initiated cell signaling contributes to increased cell proliferation, cell survival, migration, and metastasis. In this work we utilize a number of cell and molecular biology techniques to demonstrate for the first time the possible effects of uPAR on cancer initiation, uPA-independent cell-signaling, and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. We show that uPAR signaling can induce cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties in breast cancer cell, either concurrently or independently of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Over- expression of uPAR in human MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells promote the emergence of cells with CD24⁻/ CD44⁺ phenotype, characteristics for cancer stem cells. In addition, uPAR expression further increases the abundance of integrin subunits [beta]1/CD29 and [alpha]6/CD49f, which are also associated with the stem cell phenotype. The cancer stem cell properties are also evident in vivo, when a small number of uPAR over-expressing cells are capable of forming tumors in mice. We further demonstrated the uPAR can signal independently of uPA to induce ERK activating downstream of both H-Ras and Rac1. The transition in uPAR signaling from uPA-dependent and transient to autonomous and sustained is reminiscent of the transformation in ErbB2/HER-2 signaling observed when this gene is amplified in breast cancer. Vitronectin was essential for this activation, which was sensitive to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors Erlotinib and Gefitinib. In addition uPAR over-expression conferred MCF-7 cells resistance to the estrogen receptor anatagonist, Tamoxifen. Tamoxifen treatment also induced uPAR expression in MCF-7 cells, suggesting an important role for uPAR in endocrine therapy resistance. These studies suggest that uPAR over-expression has effects on breast cancer initiation and may provide a pathway for escape from breast cancer targeting therapeutics. It indicates that its expression could be useful as a biomarker for breast cancer stem cell or for cells that could be potentially resistant to Tamoxifen treatment
Should we look for new methods of chest compressions in newborns and infants?

Sir, We have read with great attention the article by Smereka et al. published in “Progress in Medicine Journal”, which raises the issue of the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infants (1). The paper refers to Smereka et al. novel newborn chest compression method using two thumbs directed at the angle of 90° to the infant’s chest while closing the fingers of both hands (2-4). The published study seemed very interesting and therefore we decided to verify the effectiveness of three methods of chest compressions in infants. We performed a cross-over randomized manikin study in a group of 52 nurses. During the study, we used two methods recommended by both the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association: the two-finger technique and the standard two-thumb technique. Additionally, a novel two-thumb chest compression technique described by Smereka et al. was applied for evaluation (4). The study involved 52 nurses whose average age was 34.5 ± 6.5 years and mean work experience equaled 8.5 ± 4.8 years. The participants were instructed in all three chest compression methods applied in a standard infant manikin, ALS Baby trainer (Laerdal, Stavanger, Norway). Then, after a week from the training, a targeted study was conducted in which the nurses were asked to perform continuous chest compressions for 2 minutes. Only chest compression parameters were analyzed. The involved manikin represented an infant and allowed to record the parameters of frequency and depth of compressions, the degree of chest relaxation, as well as the correctness of hand position on the chest during the compressions (5-8). The order of both compression techniques and the participants was random; for this purpose, Random Allocation Software version 1.0 was used. Table 1 presents the results of our study. The twofinger technique turned out inadequate in terms of chest compression depth and rate, but revealed good quality in hand position and full chest release. Both twothumb techniques allowed to achieve adequate chest compression rate and depth, but the novel chest compression technique described by Smereka et al. was bound with a significantly better chest compression full release (92 vs 51%) as compared with the standard two-thumb technique. Our results suggest that the novel chest compression technique offers several advantages and further animal studies should be performed.
STUDIES ON THE EXTRACTION OF SEA WEED PROTEINS 2. Extraction of NaCl and Alcohol Soluble Proteins

In present study, the effects of various factors including the solvent concentration, extraction time and temperature, the ratio of sample vs extraction solvent, (w/v) and pH upon the extractability of the NaCl and alcohol soluble proteins of marine algae were investigated. Eight species of fresh algae, the major ones in consumption as food, namely Porphyra suborbiculata, Undarie pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiforme, Sargassum, fulvellum, Enteromorpha linza, Sargassum kjellmanianum, Codium coarctatum, and Ulva pertusa were used for the extraction of NaCl soluble protein and dried materials of four species, Perphyra suborbiculata, Undaria pinnatifida, Enteromorpha linza and Sargassum fulvellum were used for the extraction of alcohol soluble protein. The frozen and mascerated samples were prepared by the same method described in previous paper (Ryu, 1977). And the dried materials were moistened with alcohol solution before freezing. The effect of solvent concentration on the extractability of NaCl soluble protein differed from species. The extractability of Undaria Pinnatifide, Hizikia fusiforme, Perphyra suborbiculata, Enteromorpha linza, and Ulva pertusa reached maxima at 0.25M NaCl solution while the 1.0M for Sargassum fulvellum, Saygassum kjellmanianum and Codium coarctatum. In case of alcohol soluble proteins, it was shown at ethanol solution for Porphyra suborbiculata, Undaria pinnatifida, Enteromorpha linza, and Sargassum fulvellum. Variation of the ratio of sample vs solvent gave slight effect upon the extractability, but the ratio of 1:30(w/v) seemed most efficient for the extraction of NaCl soluble proteins and 100 ml solvent added to 1 g dried sample was effective in case of alcohol soluble proteins. Extraction time has a minimal effect upon the extraction of alcohol soluble protein, and approximately 21 to of algal protein was extracted within 1 hour. But in case of NaCl soluble protein extraction, the effect of time revealed differently from species to species resulting in that the extraction for 1 hour gave a maximum extractability in Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza, 2 hours in Porphyra suborbiculata, Codium coarctatum and 3 hours in Undaria pinnatifica, Hizikia susiforme, Sargassum fulvellum and Sargassum kjellmanianum. When the NaCl soluble protein of Undaria pinnatifida and Enteromopha linza was extracted at various temperature, the most effective extraction temperature was while the temperature was for Undaria pinnatifida and for Hixikia fusiforme, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum kjellmanianum and Codium coarctatum. Bus in case of alcohol soluble extraction, the optimum temperature was for Enteromorpha linza and for Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum fulvellum and Porphyra suborbiculata. In the effect of pH on extractability, the maximum extractability of NaCl soluble proteins was obtained at pH 7to 8 and pH 8 to 9 for alcohol soluble protein.
Fusarium Dry Rot

Introduction Fusarium dry rot is one of the most important diseases of potato, affecting tubers in storage and seed pieces after planting. Fusarium dry rot of seed tubers can reduce crop establishment by killing developing potato sprouts, and crop losses can be up to 25 percent more than 60 percent of tubers can be infected in storage. All the commonly grown potato cultivars in North America are susceptible to the pathogen, although some are less susceptible than others, and several breeding lines have been reported to have a higher degree of resistance to dry rot.
Walter Scheidel, ed., The Science of Roman History: Biology, Climate, and the Future of the Past

Walter Scheidel, ed., The Science of Roman History: Biology, Climate, and the Future of the Past (Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018), 280 pp. £27.00/$35.00 (hbk). ISBN: 978-0-69116-256-0.
Distribution of Sca-1+ cardiac progenitor cells in the healthy and the post-MI heart

The myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. Accumulated atherosclerotic plaque occluding cardiac blood vessels results in a lack of oxygen supply to parts of the heart, and consequentially the death cardiomyocytes. The damaged area is replaced by scar tissue because of the heart’s insufficient regenerative capability, and the contraction property of the post-MI heart is therefore compromised. The recent findings of an endogenous cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) population gives hope for the establishment of new methods for medical treatments of the post-MI heart. Compared to other stem/progenitor cell sources, the CPCs are committed to a cardiac fate which places them in the forefront of interesting cell sources for regenerative treatments. In this thesis, the distribution of stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1) positive CPCs in the healthy mouse myocardium, as well as the healthy and post-MI rat left ventricle was determined and compared to the total amount of nuclei. An immunohistochemistry protocol for the detection of Sca-1+ cells was established, and the number of Sca-1+ cells and the total number of nuclei in the different mouse and rat tissue samples were counted using laser scanning cytometry (LSC). The results could conclude a significantly higher distribution of Sca-1+ cells in the mouse atrium compared to the mouse ventricle, and a significantly higher distribution of Sca-1+ cells in the 8 days post-MI rat left ventricle compared to the healthy rat left ventricle. Furthermore, a heterogeneous distribution within the 8 days post-MI rat left ventricle was observed.
Predicting gene expression using artificial neural networks

Today one of the greatest aims within the area of bioinformatics is to gain a complete understanding of the functionality of genes and the systems behind gene regulation. Regulatory relationships among genes seem to be of a complex nature since transcriptional control is the result of complex networks interpreting a variety of inputs. It is therefore essential to develop analytical tools detecting complex genetic relationships. This project examines the possibility of the data mining technique artificial neural network (ANN) detecting regulatory relationships between genes. As an initial step for finding regulatory relationships with the help of ANN the goal of this project is to train an ANN to predict the expression of an individual gene. The genes predicted are the nuclear receptor PPAR-g and the insulin receptor. Predictions of the two target genes respectively were made using different datasets of gene expression data as input for the ANN. The results of the predictions of PPAR-g indicate that it is not possible to predict the expression of PPAR-g under the circumstances for this experiment. The results of the predictions of the insulin receptor indicate that it is not possible to discard using ANN for predicting the gene expression of an individual gene.