Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Memoirs: Ecdysis in a Teleostean Fish, Agriopus

(1) The Teleostean fish Agriopus appears to shed its skin at certain times. (2) This shed skin consists of numerous elongate columns, which are striated longitudinally and are continuous with the outer epidermal cells. (3) The walls of the column are composed of transverse striations, which are prolonged for some distance into the substance of the column. (4) The walls of the cells of the epidermis are composed of such fibrils or striae, and it is concluded that the columns represent a greatly elongate and transformed part of the outer cells. (5) In the columns are also transverse septa or lines, the nature of which is not evident. (6) The striated columns are compared with certain features in the enamel prisms of mammals, and with the striated elongate cells of the enamel organ of Teleosts.
Stability analysis for switched stochastic delayed systems under asynchronous switching: A relaxed switching signal

This article deals with the stochastic input‐to‐state stability (SISS) for a class of switched stochastic systems under asynchronous switching. Asynchronous switching refers to that the switching of the candidate controllers does not coincide with the switching of system modes. In addition, the time delays appear in the state. Unlike the existing works, we not only allow the coefficients of the estimated upper bound for the diffusion operator of a Lyapunov function to be increasing during the matched time interval, but also in the unmatched time interval. Meanwhile, by using the switching signals which prevail over the traditional average dwell time scheme and the Razumikhin theorem, the SISS property is obtained. Especially our results improve some existing ones regarding asynchronous switching in the literature. Two examples are used to demonstrate the applicability of the results.
Risk Factors and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer According to Major Molecular Subtypes

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can develop via 3 major pathways: conventional, serrated, and alternate. We aimed to examine whether the risk factor profiles differ according to pathway-related molecular subtypes. Methods We examined the association of 24 risk factors with 4 CRC molecular subtypes based on a combinatorial status of microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and BRAF and KRAS mutations by collecting data from 2 large US cohorts. We used inverse probability weighted duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate differential associations across subtypes. Results We documented 1175 CRC patients with molecular subtype data: subtype 1 (n = 498; conventional pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low or negative, BRAF-wild-type, KRAS-wild-type), subtype 2 (n = 138; serrated pathway; any MSI status, CIMP-high, BRAF-mutated, KRAS-wild-type), subtype 3 (n = 367; alternate pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low or negative, BRAF-wild-type, KRAS-mutated), and subtype 4 (n = 172; other marker combinations). Statistically significant heterogeneity in associations with CRC subtypes was found for age, sex, and smoking, with a higher hazard ratio (HR) observed for the subtype 2 (HR per 10 years of age = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.13 to 3.26; HR for female = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.60 to 4.39; HR per 20-pack-year of smoking = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.45) than other CRC subtypes (all Pheterogeneity < .005). A stronger association was found for adiposity measures with subtype 1 CRC in men and subtype 3 CRC in women and for several dietary factors with subtype 1 CRC, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance at α level of . 005. Conclusions Risk factor profiles may differ for CRC arising from different molecular pathways.
Fluids at the Nanoscale: From Continuum to Subcontinuum Transport

Nanofluidics has firmly established itself as a new field in fluid mechanics, as novel properties have been shown to emerge in fluids at the nanometric scale. Thanks to recent developments in fabrication technology, artificial nanofluidic systems are now being designed at the scale of biological nanopores. This ultimate step in scale reduction has pushed the development of new experimental techniques and new theoretical tools, bridging fluid mechanics, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics. This review is intended as a toolbox for fluids at the nanometer scale. After presenting the basic equations that govern fluid behavior in the continuum limit, we show how these equations break down and new properties emerge in molecular-scale confinement. A large number of analytical estimates and physical arguments are given to organize the results and different limits.
Cognitive neurorobotics and self in the shared world, a focused review of ongoing research

Through brain-inspired modeling studies, cognitive neurorobotics aims to resolve dynamics essential to different emergent phenomena at the level of embodied agency in an object environment shared with human beings. This article is a review of ongoing research focusing on model dynamics associated with human self-consciousness. It introduces the free energy principle and active inference in terms of Bayesian theory and predictive coding, and then discusses how directed inquiry employing analogous models may bring us closer to representing the sense of self in cognitive neurorobots. The first section quickly locates cognitive neurorobotics in the broad field of computational cognitive modeling. The second section introduces principles according to which cognition may be formalized, and reviews cognitive neurorobotics experiments employing such formalizations. The third section interprets the results of these and other experiments in the context of different senses of self, both “minimal” and “narrative” self. The fourth section considers model validity and discusses what we may expect ongoing cognitive neurorobotics studies to contribute to scientific explanation of cognitive phenomena including the senses of minimal and narrative self.
OXIDATION OF PHENOLS BY YEAST:II. OXIDATION OF CRESOLS BY CANDIDA TROPICALIS

Candida tropicalis utilized phenol, catechol, and 3and 4-methylcatechols for growth as sole carbon source, but did not utilize p-, m-, or o-cresols, or p-, m-, and o-hydroxybenzoates. The yeast cells, however, rapidly oxidized cresols without a lag period after incubation with phenol. In a medium containing phenol, two major metabolites were accumulated, i.e., one, catechol and the other, the ring-cleaved metabolite of catechol, identified as C6H604. Therefore, it appears that the first step of the phenol oxidation by the yeast is monohydroxylation of phenol. The metabolite from por na-cresol by phenol-adapted cells was isolated and identified as 5-formyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-2, 4-pentadienoic acid. The same compound was obtained from 4-methylcatechol used as substrate. It was suggested that pand m-cresols were hydroxylated to form 4-methylcatechol, followed by the cleavage with extra-diol type ring fission. The oxidation of o-cresol at slower rate was also demonstrated. The metabolite from o-cresol gave different UV absorption spectrum from that formed from 3-methylcatechol.
Distributed Analysis on the Spatial Mode Structure in a PANDA-Type Few-Mode Fiber By Brillouin Dynamic Gratings

We present the experimental analysis on the spatial mode structure in a PANDA-type few-mode fiber (PANDA-FMF) by the intermodal operation of Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG). Polarization-maintaining mode selective couplers are newly developed to selectively launch different optical modes for the pump and probe waves, and the characterization of the intra- and intermodal Brillouin scatterings in the PANDA-FMF is demonstrated. Distributions of effective refractive index (ERI) differences between six guided modes (LP<sub>01</sub><sup>x</sup>, LP<sub>01</sub><sup>y</sup>, LP<sub>11(o)</sub><sup>x</sup>, LP<sub>11(o)</sub><sup>y</sup>, LP<sub>11(e)</sub><sup>x</sup>, and LP<sub>11(e)</sub><sup>y</sup>) are measured by optical time-domain analysis of the intermodal BDG reflection spectra, and a unique ERI hierarchy among LP<sub>11</sub> modes with different lobe orientations and polarization directions is reported for the first time in the PANDA-FMF. The analysis on the origin of measured ERI hierarchy is also presented by numerical simulations on the effect of core ellipticity.
Studying Entrepreneurship With Mixed Methods

Broadly speaking, entrepreneurship researchers have primarily collected and analyzed data that are either “quantitative” (i.e., based on numbers/figures) or “qualitative” (i.e., based on words and text)1. It has been less common for researchers to employ “mixed methods”, which combine both quantitative and qualitative data and analysis. This is unfortunate, because both quantitative and qualitative methods have strengths and limitations, and mixed methods studies have the potential to add rich insights to what we know about entrepreneurship. For example, while quantitative research can help entrepreneurship researchers to test entrepreneurship theories and hypotheses relatively easily and can generate generalizable results using diverse samples, the theories and variables utilized may be disconnected from the context-related experiences and comprehensions of practicing entrepreneurs. Relatedly, while qualitative research can help entrepreneurship researchers to have a rich, contextualized, process-oriented, and participant-based understanding of the complex entrepreneurial phenomenon, this understanding often requires a timeconsuming data collection and analysis process. Also, qualitative findings can be difficult to generalize or test and validate with statistical methods2.
Ultrasound Guided Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block For Postoperative Analgesia After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ( comparative Study Between Bubivacaine Versus Bubivacaine-Ketamine)

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of gall bladder and is the common treatment of symptomatic gall stone and other GB conditions. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed under general anaesthesia which is frequently associated with persistent postoperative pain. Aim of work: comparing between adding ketamine to bupivacaine and bupivacaine alone for postoperative pain in patients receiving ultrasound guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy regarding the time of the first request for additional analgesia, pain Scores, total analgesic consumption and analgesic efficacy. Patients and methods: This study was carried out in al-azhar university hospital on 28 adult patients aged 30 to 60 years, American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) class I - II scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomized, double blind controlled into two equal groups (fourteen patients each). Results: The Comparison between the two studied groups according to time till first opioids requirement, the duration of the block, requirement for opioids, early ambulation, patients satisfaction and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was statistically insignificant. As regarding patient complication no local anaesthetic toxicity no hematoma or excessive tissue trauma had been developed at the site of injection in both group. Conclusion: Addition of ketamine to bupivacaine in patients receiving subcostal (TAPB) guided with ultrasound for laparoscopic cholecystectomy result in statistically insignificant longer time till first opioids requirement and prolonged the duration of the block, statistically insignificant fewer requirement for opioids and statistically insignificant early ambulation, patient more satisfied. Keywords: Bubivacaine, Bubivacaine-Ketamine, Ultrasound, Analgesia, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Long non-coding RNA PCAT6 promotes the development of osteosarcoma by increasing MDM2 expression

Osteosarcoma is a severe malignant tumor. Several studies indicated that lncRNA prostate cancer-associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) promoted the development of multiple types of cancers. Studies have also revealed that MDM2 could aggravate tumor symptoms inhibiting P53 expression. However, whether lncRNA PCAT6 could affect the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by regulating P53 expression is unclear. The present study established lncRNA PCAT6-overexpressing osteosarcoma cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to detect the change in proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells, respectively. Subsequently, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 (MDM2), P53 and P21 expression were determined using western blotting. Finally, MDM2 expression was inhibited and the proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells was determined again. The present study found that the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells increased following overexpression of lncRNA PCAT6. MDM2 expression was upregulated while the levels of P53 and P21 decreased following overexpression of lncRNA PCAT6. However, the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells were inhibited following MDM2 knockdown. Additionally, P53 and P21 was rescued following MDM2 knockdown. To conclude, lncRNA PCAT6 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by promoting the expression of MDM2 and suppressing the expression of P53 and P21.
Data-driven statistical learning to model cellular heterogeneity

In the last decades the advent of new experimental techniques has lead to a drastic increase of available data in biology. As a consequence the importance of mathematical methods to deduct scientifically relevant hypothesis from this big amount of data is steadily growing. A major challenge for bio-mathematics and bio-statistics therefore lies in both the adaption of existing methods to the, often very specific, properties of the measured data, and in the development of new methods to model these data. In this thesis we present methods from statistics and machine learning that are suitable to perform this task. The quest for new mathematical methods, thereby, is always pursued in conjunction with the goal to find new scientific insights into the investigated biological system. The biological focus of this work is the analysis of heterogeneity among cells: almost all cells of a living organism share the same DNA, yet there is a multitude of different cell types that may all perform different tasks within the organism. The aim of this thesis is to explore both the biological principles that lead to cellular heterogeneity, and to improve the identifiability of different cellular phenotypes with mathematical methods. For this purpose four different mathematical methods are implemented, tested and applied to biological data in order to draw new conclusions about cellular heterogeneity: (i) We propose a statistical method to correct for latent confounding effects on single cell transcriptomics data that are due to differences in cell size, which we show to have an impact on the inference of the underlying gene expression mechanism. (ii) By applying ordinary-differential-equation-based models on chromatin data we can show that histone acetylation (a certain class of chromatin modifications with known impact on transcriptional regulation) depends specifically on the chromatin status before these modifications occur. (iii) We apply transfer entropy to protein time-series data from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and find that the information transfer between two key transcription factors differs depending on the final cellular phenotype of the progenitor cells. (iv) By the help of machine learning methods we show that cellular phenotypes can be identified without the need for chemical fluorescent stains relying entirely on bright field and dark field images of the cells. To conclude, we anticipate the contributions of bio-mathematics and bio-statistics for the quest of deciphering and understanding the myriad biochemical processes (and the molecular species involved in them) that eventually lead to the emergence of cellular heterogeneity to become more and more important.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Olahan Aneka Kue Berbasis Umbi-Umbian Di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu

Sampai saat ini umumnya pemanfaatan umbi-bumbian hanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar ataupun direbus hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang pengolahan kue berbahan dasar umbi-umbian khususnya ibu-ibu kader kesehatan di Kelurahan Lambara, Kota Palu. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta dalam pembuatan aneka kue berbasis umbi-umbian, memberikan ketrampilan cara pembuatan aneka kue berbasis umbi-umbian, memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan cara menghitung nilai gizi, biaya produksi dan harga jualnya untuk dipasarkan. Manfaat dari yang dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah peserta dapat mengetahui cara membuat aneka kue berbasis umbi-umbian untuk menjadi makanan yang lebih menarik dan bervariatif, peserta memiliki keterampilan pembuatan aneka kue berbasis umbi-umbian untuk menjadi kue yang lebih menarik dan bervariatif, dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ibu-ibu kader kesehatan yang berdampak pada peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah: 1) Metode ceramah : digunakan untuk menjelaskan materi tentang macam-macam pegolahan kue berbasis umbi-umbian. 2) Metode Praktek : digunakan untuk mempraktekkan macam-macam kue berbasis umbi-umbian. 3) Metode Diskusi : Dilakukan setelaj kegiatan selesai kegiatan pelatihan untuk mengetahui respon peserta. Peserta dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah ibu-ibu kader kesehatan di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu. Hasil kegiatan yaitu para peserta berhasil membuat brownis dan cookies ubi ungu, serta mendapatkan informasi nilai gizi dan nilia ekonomi dari kue yang dibuat
New evidence on the relationships between Hypnophila Bourguignat, 1859 and Gomphroa Westerlund, 1902 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Azecidae)

analysis of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial COI and nuclear 5.8S+ITS2+28S gene fragments was performed on newly obtained specimens of Hypnophila pupaeformis (Cantraine). The results partially agree with previous morphological (shell and genitalia) analysis. They support separateness of H. pupaeformis from all species assigned to Gomphroa, Cryptazeca, Hypnocarnica and Azeca. They also show close relationships of H. pupaeformis with the Gomphroa group. Indeed Hypnophila and Gomphroa form a clade consisting of four subclades: Hypnophila and three lineages named provisionally Gomphroa A, Gomphroa B and Gomphroa C. However, more research is needed to determine their relationships and to establish whether Hypnophila and Gomphroa are two genera or two (or even four) subgenera of one genus. key words: Azecidae; genera; systematics; molecular features; COI; ITS2; nucleotide sequences
Health assessment of the electrical contact-line connections in view of the operational traction load pattern of the electric rolling stock

Estimation of the traction energy system reliability and efficiency due to timely and immediate identification of heating sites of contact joints is the future-oriented technology for the condition oriented service and repair of the electrical equipment of energy providers. It is peculiar with the roughly alternating load of the electric current action during the day. This makes it difficult to identify the current state of the electrical connection. Thus, it becomes necessary to specify the dependence of changes in the assessment criteria of the electrical connection condition in operation.
A review of knowledge transfer tools in knowledge-intensive organisations

Background: Knowledge transfer is very important in knowledge-intensive organisations in both developed and developing countries. A knowledge-intensive organisation is an organisation whose operations depend on specialised knowledge. Knowledge-intensive organisations lose intellectual property when experienced employees retire from their jobs. To avoid knowledge loss, skills and expertise should be transferred from experts to non-experts on time. Knowledge transfer tools allow sharing of tacit knowledge between and amongst staff members. The study provides an analysis and review of the most effective knowledge transfer tools in knowledge-intensive organisations because an organisation’s success is based on its ability to transfer knowledge. Objectives: The study had two main objectives: to identify and review knowledge transfer tools used in knowledge-intensive organisations and to recommend the best knowledge transfer tool that can be used in organisations for the purpose of enhanced competitive advantage. Method: A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the research participants in knowledge-intensive organisations in Namibia. Results: The results indicate that the most effective knowledge transfer tool in knowledge-intensive organisations is a community of practice; 40% of the participants considered the tool effective, and 27% considered it to be very effective. This was followed by the mentoring tool, which was ranked 54% effective and 11% very effective by the participants because it exposes mentees to new ideas and new ways of thinking. Storytelling was ranked 28% effective and 17% very effective because it is a natural learning process. Succession plans were ranked 21% effective and 12% very effective because having succession plans in place on time is essential for organisational success. Coaching and knowledge repositories were ranked below 20% on knowledge transfer effectiveness. From the findings, we conclude that the most effective tool for knowledge transfer in knowledge-intensive organisations is communities of practice (CoP) followed by mentoring, storytelling, succession plans, coaching and finally knowledge repositories. Conclusion: The most effective knowledge transfer tool in knowledge-intensive organisations is Communities of Practice, followed by mentoring, storytelling, succession plans and lastly coaching. Communities of Practice are important for knowledge transfer in that they encourage and promote teamwork through discussions and knowledge sharing amongst employees. The study therefore recommends the creation of such Communities of Practice in knowledge-intensive organisations for effective knowledge transfer and sharing.