Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrective role of Eugenia jambolana on testicular impairment in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic male albino rat: An approach through genomic and proteomic study

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of hydro‐methanolic (40 : 60) extract of seed of Eugenia jambolana on testicular impairment in diabetic rats. In this respect, biomarkers of oxidative stress, genomics and proteomics in testicular tissue were assessed. Side by side, glycated haemoglobin, serum testosterone, activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum, epididymal sperm count including reproductive organosomatic indices were evaluated. Results indicate that a significant recovery (P < 0.05) in the levels of these parameters in fraction‐treated diabetic group in comparison with diabetic control. A significant recovery was noted (P < 0.05) in the expression of Bax and Bcl‐2 gene towards the control after the treatment of said fraction. Histological study also focused a significant recovery (P < 0.05) in the number of different generation of germ cells at stage VII of spermatogenesis in fraction‐treated diabetic group. The said fraction treatment to diabetic rat can recover the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase significantly towards the control (P < 0.05). Finally, it may be concluded that ethyl acetate fraction of seed of E. jambolana has a promiseable remedial effect on diabetes‐induced testicular dysfunctions in male rat without inducing any metabolic toxicity.
Strategy and Structure in Developing Countries : Business Groups as an Evolutionary Response to Opportunities for Unrelated Diversification

Business groups are a common type of enterprise in late-developing countries, yet their existence appears to be at odds with extant theory in strategic management. Drawing on Schumpeter, we suggest that entrepreneurs in late development build a business group by engaging in a distinct type of innovation. Instead of creating new products they leverage local and foreign contacts to combine foreign technology and local markets. The capability to leverage contacts is broadly applicable to diverse industries, creating incentives for unrelated diversification. We make two main arguments. First, the main (initial) cause for the creation of business groups can be traced to the selection environment at the beginning of economic development in late-industrializing countries, when the ability to use contacts outweighs other capabilities in importance. Expanding businesses based on this core capability (which is different from the one underlying business success in developed countries) leads to unrelated diversification in terms of products and technological and organizational capabilities, as well as a loose organizational structure. Secondly, we suggest that the selection environment in late-industrializing countries changes systematically over time, altering the reasons underlying the continued existence and creation of business groups. We formulate several testable propositions on the evolution of business groups predicting patterns of diversification and organizational structure over time. We illustrate our theory with two case studies of business groups in late-developing countries.
A cost-efficient high-speed 12-bit pipeline ADC in 0.18-/spl mu/m digital CMOS

A 12-bit pipeline ADC fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m pure digital CMOS technology is presented. Its nominal conversion rate is 110 MS/s and the nominal supply voltage is 1.8 V. The effective number of bits is 10.4 when a 10-MHz input signal with 2V/sub P-P/ signal swing is applied. The occupied silicon area is 0.86 mm/sup 2/ and the power consumption equals 97 mW. A switched capacitor bias current generator scales the opamp bias currents automatically with the conversion rate, which gives scaleable power consumption and full performance of the ADC from 20 to 140 MS/s.
Egg intake and type 2 diabetes Egg Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women

From the Divisions of Aging and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA. ,Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Human mental states recognition under face occlusion

Recognition of mental state of human is most challenging due to face occlusion. Because of face occlusion, some of facial features points are loss so result will be incorrect at that time. Estimating feature points and removing face occlusion is exceptionally complex and time consuming so alternative is to use hand-over-face gesture to recognized emotions or human mental states. Preprocessing, feature extraction and classification steps are carried out for recognizing mental state of human in the case of face occlusion. In pre-processing step, the three steps will be performed i.e. converting input image into gray scale, resizing and aligning image. In these feature extraction stage, HOG based features are extracting then classification done by SVM classifier. Out of these steps, classification and feature extraction are most important steps because it affects overall accuracy of the system. Selection of relevant methods of feature extraction and classifier are most important factors for achieving good recognition performance. Human mental states under face occlusion are recognized by using MATLAB tool that includes Graphical User Interface Development Environment (GUIDE) for designing graphical GUIs.
The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention: does UV protection conflict with the need to raise low levels of vitamin D?

BACKGROUND Vitamin D is essential for life. Part of the body's supply of vitamin D is ingested in food, but UV induced vitamin D synthesis in the body plays an even more important role. UV irradiation is a cause for the currently rising incidence of skin cancer in many countries; on the other hand, Vitamin D might be protective against some cancers. In this paper we summarize the current data on vitamin D and cancer and on the vitamin D status of populations in Europe and discuss whether current recommendations on UV protection require changes. METHODS In 2008, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published a systematic review on vitamin D and cancer. We describe its main findings and review additional publications retrieved by a selective literature search on vitamin D, UV light, and skin cancer. In addition, we systematically review the current recommendations on vitamin D supplementation. RESULTS Higher vitamin D levels are associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. For breast cancer, the situation is less clear. In general, higher vitamin D levels are associated with lower overall mortality. Concerning optimal Vitamin D levels, serum values ≥ 50 nmol/L (ie. ≥ 20 ng/mL) are frequently discussed, and a few authors favor markedly higher values. Brief UV exposures are usually adequate for endogenous vitamin D synthesis. CONCLUSION More research is needed into the possible protective effects of vitamin D against cancer. Brief, daily UV exposure stimulates vitamin D production and causes negligible skin damage. Raising the vitamin D level even further by extended solar UV exposure or irradiation in a solarium is inadvisable because of the risk of skin cancer. Oral vitamin D supplementation can be considered as an alternative, particularly for persons at high risk, such as the elderly and members of certain ethnic groups.
Sleep Apnea and Hypertension

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and the related clinical syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), have for many years been associated with hypertension in clinical reports, but it is only recently that a causal association linking SDB to the development of hypertension has been established, and most clinicians who manage hypertensive patients do not pay much attention to it. In the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (sixth report) (JNC VI), which is the standard guideline for the evaluation of hypertension in the United States, sleep apnea is not mentioned as a possible cause of hypertension (1), and many major textbooks on hypertension also pay no attention to it. In this chapter, we review the physiology of sleep; circulatory changes during sleep; and associations between sleep apnea, hypertension, and obesity. We also discuss the effects of treating OSA, and controlling hypertension and its clinical implications.
TP53 mutation and human papilloma virus status of oral squamous cell carcinomas in young adult patients.

OBJECTIVE Little is known about the molecular carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young adult patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed TP53 mutation and human papilloma virus (HPV) status of OSCC in patients, younger than 45 years. METHODS TP53 mutations were determined with direct sequencing on paraffin-embedded carcinoma tissue from 31 young patients and compared with two older age OSCC reference groups: one from the same institute (N = 87) and an independent one (N = 675). Biologically active tumour HPV was detected by p16-immunohistochemistry followed by a HPV-DNA GP5 + /6 + -PCR. RESULTS HPV16 was present in one OSCC (3%). TP53 mutations were found in 14 (45%) OSCC: five were missense and nine resulted in a truncated protein. Six of these latter were insertions or deletions of one or more nucleotides leading to frameshift, one was at a splice site and two resulted in a stop codon. The percentage of truncating mutations (64% of all mutations) was higher than that observed in the institute's reference group (44%, P = 0.23) and in the independent reference group (24%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that TP53 mutations are common in OSCC of young adult patients; infection with biologically active HPV is rare.
Human Factors in the NICU: A Bedside Nurse Perspective

Human factors have been identified as the most frequent cause of and contributory factor to sentinel events. Many human factor errors are preventable, and neonatal nurses are instrumental at the point of care in working with system leaders to identify various problems and potentially safe practices that can be hardwired into daily practice. This article defines human factors that often occur in daily processes of care in many neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and specific evidence-based strategies to implement to reduce preventable human errors. Human factor evidence from other high-risk industries is relevant to healthcare and can be applied to the complex adaptive environment of the NICU. Nurses need to be mindful of their complex environment and to have a basic understanding of the role of human factors principles.
Membrane topology and post‐translational modification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae essential protein Rot1

ROT1 is an essential gene that has been related to cell wall biosynthesis, the actin cytoskeleton and protein folding. In order to help to understand its molecular function, we carried out a characterization of the Rot1 protein. It is primarily located at the endoplasmic reticulum–nuclear membrane facing the lumen. Rot1 migrates more slowly than expected, which might suggest post‐translational modification. Our results indicate that Rot1 is a protein that is neither GPI‐anchored nor O‐glycosylated. In contrast, it is N‐glycosylated. By a directed mutagenesis of several Asn residues, we identified that the protein is simultaneously glycosylated at N103, N107 and N139. Although the mutation of these three N sites is not lethal, cellular growth is impaired. Sequence analysis predicts a transmembrane domain at the C‐terminus. This fragment affects neither the targeting of the Rot1 protein to the ER nor its N‐glycosylation, although it is important for the anchoring of the protein to the membrane and for its functionality. The existence of a signal sequence at the N‐terminus has been suggested. However, deletion of this fragment impedes neither translocation to the ER nor N‐glycosylation, but it is required for cell viability. Finally, we found that Rot1 is translocated to the ER by an SRP‐independent post‐translational mechanism which depends on Sec62. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Reading on Vocabulary Growth: A Case for a Matthew Effect.

PURPOSE Individual differences in vocabulary development may affect academic or social opportunities. It has been proposed that individual differences in word reading could affect the rate of vocabulary growth, mediated by the amount of reading experience, a process referred to as a Matthew effect (Stanovich, 1986). METHOD In the current study, assessments of written word-reading skills in the 4th grade and oral vocabulary knowledge collected in kindergarten and in the 4th, 8th, and 10th grades from a large epidemiologically based sample (n = 485) allowed a test of the relationship of early word-reading skills and the subsequent rate of vocabulary growth. RESULTS Consistent with the hypothesis, multilevel modeling revealed the rate of vocabulary growth after the 4th grade to be significantly related to 4th-grade word reading after controlling for kindergarten vocabulary level, that is, above average readers experienced a higher rate of vocabulary growth than did average readers. CONCLUSIONS Vocabulary growth rate differences accumulated over time such that the effect on vocabulary size was large.
Effects of cooking on serum glucose and insulin responses to starch.

Several studies have shown that the response of glucose or insulin, or both, to various carbohydrates or carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs varies,1-4 even though the amount of carbohydrate ingested remains constant. Certain dietary fibres reduce the response of glucose and insulin to a carbohydrate load, and it has been suggested that this may be due to altered viscosity.5 We studied the responses of serum glucose and insulin to both cooked and raw starch. Cooking not only increases the viscosity but also splits the starch granules, thereby increasing the availability of the starch to amylase.
Family history assessment of personality disorders: I. Concordance with direct interview and between pairs of informants.

The present study examined the concordance of the Family History Interview for Personality Disorders (FHIPD) with diagnoses based on direct interviews and between pairs of informants. Subjects were 224 probands participating in a series of studies of the familial transmission of mood and personality disorders and their first-degree relatives. Proband informants and relatives provided information about themselves on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), Personality Disorder Examination (PDE), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Information from informants about relatives was collected with the FHIPD. All assessments were made blindly and independently. Using Kappa, concordance between proband informants' family histories and relative direct reports on specific personality disorders was low, ranging from -. 01 to . 28, with a median of . 10. Kappa for a diagnosis of any personality disorder was . 16. When two independent informant reports were compared, Kappas for specific Axis II disorders ranged from . 10 to . 72, with a median of . 28. Kappa for a diagnosis of any personality disorder was . 36. These data suggest that subjects and informants provide different perspectives on Axis II psychopathology, and support the use of both sources of information whenever possible.
5HT2 Receptors in Cerebral Cortex of Migraineurs Studied Using PET and 18F-Fluorosetoperone

Since the brain 5HT2 receptors might be implicated in migraine pathogenesis, we have used positron emission tomography and 18F-fluorosetoperone, a 5HT2 specific radioligand, to investigate in vivo the cortical 5HT2 receptors in migraine subjects. Nine migraineurs who had either migraine with and without aura (n = 5) or only migraine without aura (n = 4) were studied between attacks. Twelve unmedicated healthy subjects of similar mean age were used as controls. Brain radioactivity was measured after 18F-setoperone IV injection for 90 min. A decrease of the regional specific distribution volumes (SDV) of the ligand was observed both in migraineurs and in controls. The age adjusted group means of SDV did not differ between patients and controls for the whole and for the right or left frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortex. These results suggest that cortical 5HT2 receptors may be unaltered between attacks in migraine sufferers.
Fluid-flow solutions to the state space explosion problem

Achieving the appropiate performance requirements for computer–communication systems is as important as the correctness of the end-result. This is particularly difficult in the case of massively parallel computer systems such as the clusters of PCs behind the likes of Google and peer-to-peer filesharing networks such as Bittorrent. Measuring the performance of such systems using a mathematical model is invariably computationally intensive. Formal modelling techniques make possible the derivation of such performance measures but currently suffer from the state-space explosion problem, that is, models become intractably large even for systems of apparently modest complexity. This work develops a novel class of techniques aimed at addressing this problem by approximating a representation of massive state spaces as more computationally-tractable real variables (‘fluid-flow analysis’). Short introduction to performance modelling Accurate performance modelling at the system design stage has never been more important than in a technological age dominated by large and complex computer and communication networks. Measurements such as request throughput or server utilisation can be used, for example, to predict the location of bottlenecks in the passage of requests through a computer network, and suggest steps to improve the situation. A very useful mathematical tool for modelling many classes of systems is the continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC). CTMCs model the behaviour of a system by describing the set of possible states a system may be in and how the system moves between states over time. Models can be formalised directly into CTMCs, however there are many advantages to modelling a system using a higher-level abstraction, such as a stochastic process algebra (SPA) (e.g. PEPA [1], MTIPP [2], SPADES [3] and EMPA [4]), stochastic Petri net (SPN) [5, 6, 7] or queueing network [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. Commonly, the model may be ‘solved’ through the computation of the steady-state analysis of an underlying CTMC1 (‘Markovian’ formalisms). This project focuses on the well-known and very popular SPA, PEPA (Peformance Evaluation Process Algebra), however the contributions are readily extensible to other Markovian formalisms. Despite the relative tractability of CTMCs, models of realistic complexity can easily result in underlying state spaces of computationally intractable size. This phenomenon is known as ‘state-space explosion’ and is the current bottle-neck in the field of performance analysis, limiting the size of models and thus the complexity of systems that can be efficiently analysed. Naturally, the demand for more accurate and finer-grained models of larger systems increases constantly, so there has been much research aimed at suppressing this explosion in some sense [13, 14, 15]. However, none of these approaches have succeeded in general at delivering the exponential speedup that is required to suppress this problem; the situation clearly demands a novel direction. 1In general, this requires the diagonalisation of a matrix with dimension equal to the number of states in the CTMC.
Nuclear Actin Regulates Dynamic Subcellular Localization and Activity of the SRF Cofactor MAL

Actin, which is best known as a cytoskeletal component, also participates in the control of gene expression. We report a function of nuclear actin in the regulation of MAL, a coactivator of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). MAL, which binds monomeric actin, is cytoplasmic in many cells but accumulates in the nucleus upon serum-induced actin polymerization. MAL rapidly shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus in unstimulated cells. Serum stimulation effectively blocks MAL nuclear export, which requires MAL-actin interaction. Nuclear MAL binds SRF target genes but remains inactive unless actin binding is disrupted. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis demonstrates that the MAL-actin interaction responds to extracellular signals. Serum-induced signaling is thus communicated to nuclear actin to control a transcriptional regulator.
Fast DNA isolation from Histoplasma capsulatum: methodology for arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction-based epidemiological and clinical studies

The arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction (also called random amplified polymorphic DNA, or RAPD) is a DNA fingerprinting method that provides an efficient, sensitive way of discriminating between independent isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum, but its widespread application has been hampered by the arduous 2-day procedure traditionally used to extract DNA from H. capsulatum. We present here a quick (approximately 2-h) extraction method and show that the resultant DNA is suitable for sensitive and reproducible identification of individual strains of this pathogenic fungus.
Characterization of cellular and humoral immune responses after IBV infection in chicken lines differing in MBL serum concentration.

Chickens from two inbred lines selected for high (L10H) or low (L10L) mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum concentrations were infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and innate as well as adaptive immunological parameters were measured throughout the experimental period. Chickens with high MBL serum concentrations were found to have less viral load in the trachea than chickens with low MBL serum concentrations indicating that these chickens were less severely affected by the infection. This study is the first to show that MBL expression is present in the lungs of healthy chickens and that the expression is upregulated at days 3 postinfection (p.i.) in L10H chickens. Furthermore, in the liver of infected chickens, the MBL expression was upregulated at day 7 p.i. , despite the fact that the MBL serum concentrations were decreased below baseline at that time point. The number of TCRγδ+CD8α+ cells in the blood of noninfected chickens increased from week 0 to 3 p.i. However, the number of cells was higher in L10H chickens than in L10L chickens throughout the experiment. No increase was observed in the number of TCRγδ+CD8α+ cells in the blood of the infected L10H and L10L chickens. The numbers of B cells at week 3 p.i. were higher for noninfected L10L chickens than for the other chickens. No differences were observed between the infected and noninfected L10H chickens or between the infected L10H and L10L chickens. Furthermore, at week 3 p.i. , the number of monocytes was higher in infected and noninfected L10H chickens than in the infected and noninfected L10L chickens. Thus, these results indicate that MBL is produced locally and may be involved in the regulation of the cellular immune response after an IBV infection. However, MBL did not appear to influence the humoral immune response after IBV infection in this study.