Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEDITERRANEAN CORALLIGENOUS ASSEMBLAGES: A SYNTHESIS OF PRESENT KNOWLEDGE

Coralligenous concretions, the unique calcareous formations of biogenic origin in Mediterranean benthic environments, are produced by the accumulation of encrusting algae growing in dim light conditions. This review provides an overview of the results obtained by the main studies dealing with these formations, including the environmental factors which influence the development of coralligenous communities, their distribution, types, assemblages, builders and eroders, the biotic relationships and processes that create and destroy coralligenous assemblages, their dynamics and seasonality, and the functioning of several outstanding and key species. Special attention is devoted to the biodiversity of coralligenous communities and a first estimation of the number of species reported for this habitat is provided. Major disturbances affecting coralligenous communities are discussed, ranging from large-scale events that are probably related to global environmental changes to degradation by waste water or invasive species. Degradation by fishing activities and by divers is also considered. Finally, the main gaps in current scientific knowledge of coralligenous communities are listed and some recommendations are made regarding their protection. Introduction and description Encrusting calcareous algae are important components of benthic marine communities within the euphotic zone (Blanc & Molinier 1955, Adey & McIntyre 1973, Littler 1973a, Lebednik 1977, James et al. 1988, Dethier et al. 1991, Adey 1998) and their historical roles as reef builders have been chronicled thoroughly by Wray (1977). Coralline algae are major contributors to coral reef frameworks (Finckh 1904, Hillis-Colinvaux 1986, Littler 1972) where they usually are the dominant reef-forming organisms (Foslie 1907, Odum & Odum 1955, Lee 1967, Littler 1973b). Although encrusting corallines are adapted to grow at low light conditions (Littler et al. 1986, Vadas & Steneck 1988), coralline algal reef frameworks are usually restricted to littoral or shallow sublittoral environments throughout the marine realm (e.g., Littler 1973b, Adey & Vassar 1975, Laborel et al. 1994) because they easily withstand turbulent water motion and abrasion (Littler & Doty 1975, Adey 1978). The only known exception to this restriction is the coralligenous framework, a coralline algal concretion that thrives exclusively in Mediterranean deep waters (20–120 m depth). There is no real consensus among scientists studying benthic communities in the Mediterranean Sea about what a coralligenous habitat is. In this review a coralligenous habitat is considered to be a hard substratum of biogenic origin that is mainly produced by the accumulation of calcareous encrusting algae growing in dim light conditions. Algae and invertebrates growing in environments with low light levels are called sciaphilic in opposition to photophilic, that is, growing at high light levels. All plants and animals thriving in coralligenous habitats are, thus, sciaphilic. Although more
Processing characteristics of buffalo meat-a review

Received: 21/04/2013 Accepted: 20/06/2013 Published: 23/06/2013 Abstract Buffalo meat is superior in terms of its lean content and high nutritional value. The growing nutritional insecurity with regard to the quality food warrants sufficient knowledge on this protein rich meat source to meet out the requirements in a balanced diet. Development of meat products with superior quality is possible only with the sufficient knowledge on the physicochemical and functional parameters of the meat. Buffalo meat has superior meat processing characteristics due to its chemical composition, structural components and functional abilities. The major attractive features of buffalo meat are its dark red colour, good marbling, low connective tissue, desirable texture, high protein, water holding capacity, myofibrillar fragmentation index and emulsifying capacity. Intensively reared young male buffalo meat showed higher moisture, collagen solubility, sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index and water holding capacity than meat from other animals. A higher pH, total meat pigments, salt soluble protein, emulsifying capacity and lower collagen solubility were observed in spent male buffalo meat. Spent female buffalo meat had higher fat, total collagen, muscle fibre diameter and shear force value. Sensory evaluation indicated a marked toughness in spent male and female buffalo meat. The processing characteristics of meat are essential find their suitability for developing products with superior quality attributes.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Animals

บทคดยอ เอนไซม matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) เปนเอนไซมทจดอยในกลม endopeptidase ทตองการแคลเซยมและสงกะส เอนไซมนหลงออกมาจากเซลลหลายชนด และทำหนาทยอยโปรตนทเปนสวนสำคญสำหรบ extracellular matrix ตวยบยงเอนไซมนท สำคญคอ tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) การจบกนแบบไมสมดลระหวาง MMPs และ TIMPs ทำใหเกดพยาธสภาพ หลายแบบในคนและสตวเลยง ซงบทความนเนนในเรองของโครงสรางและหนาทของ MMPs รวมถงรายงานบทบาทของ MMPs ใน มา สนข แมว ปลา และ สตวปก ในมานน MMPs ทมปรมาณมากจะทำใหกระดกออนบรเวณขอตอเสยหาย และทำใหเกดภาวะขออกเสบตามมา โดยเฉพาะ MMP-2 และ MMP-9 ในสนขและแมวนนมการศกษาบทบาทของ MMPs เชน MMP-2 และ MMP-9 กบโรคมะเรงหลายชนด พบวา MMPs มบทบาทตอการเคลอนทของเซลลมะเรง และการแพรกระจายไปยงสวนอนๆของรางกาย คำสำคญ : มะเรง, สนข, มา, แมว, matrix metalloproteinase, ขออกเสบ Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases are a family of calcium-dependent and zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which excrete from many cell types. These enzymes can hydrolyze extracellular matrix proteins. The most important inhibitor of MMPs is tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs causes pathological condition in human and animals. This review focuses on structural, role and several reports of MMPs in horse, dog, cat, fish and avian. Over production of MMPs is associated with tissue destruction and erosion of cartilage in equine osteoarthritis, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9. In canine and feline, many evidences reported about MMPs and cancer such as MMP-2 and MMP-9. MMPs can promote cancer progression by increasing cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Keywords : cancer, canine, equine, feline, matrix metalloproteinase, osteoarthritis
Assimilation or Contrast? Evaluation of New Shows in Lead-In–Lead-Out Scheduling

The basis of this study was an experiment conducted, incorporating lead-in and lead-out scheduling techniques, to explore the impact of context effects on the evaluation of a new show. Results indicate that contrast effect or assimilation effect occurred, dependent on whether the show adjacent to the show targeted for evaluation was of the same or a different genre. That is, viewers tended to evaluate the target program more favorably when they watched it in conjunction with a program of a different genre (i.e., assimilation occurs). Conversely, audiences gave a lower evaluation to the target show when the adjacent program was of the same genre (i.e., contrast occurs). This pattern of context effects occurred regardless of whether viewers watched the target show prior to (i.e., lead-out), or after (i.e., lead-in), the context show. This study also found that the assimilation effect was greater in the lead-out and different-genre condition, and contrast effect was enhanced in the lead-in and same-genre condition. Implications concerning context effects on scheduling strategies for the introduction of a new series are presented.
TV Demand for the Tour De France: The Importance of Stage Characteristics versus Outcome Uncertainty, Patriotism, and Doping

This paper analyzes TV demand for cycling in Flanders. Using data for 338 Tour de France broadcasts, average and peak TV audience per stage is estimated by an OLS regression model. A first set of independent variables measures the importance of stage scheduling and includes variables that define the stage type and date, as determined by the race organizer. A second set of variables consists of stage features out of control of the race organizer. These variables measure the importance of outcome uncertainty, patriotism, doping, and substitute activities. Our findings suggest that TV viewership of cycling is largely determined by stage characteristics. On a much smaller scale are viewing habits driven by race developments. We also find evidence of a negative impact of the release of doping news on viewership. The study supports the idea that a well-chosen race profile is crucial to maximize Tour de France TV viewership.
Application of Dried Blood Sample on Whatman Filter Paper for Detection of Trypanosoma evansi from Cattle in Central Kalimantan by Internal Trascriber Spacer-1 Polymerase Chain Reaction

Trypanosoma evans i is a hemoflagella parasite that infects cattle as agents of Surra. The disease causes great economic losses due to decrease in production and death. Rapid and accurate method for early detection is necessary so that the appropriate control can be implemented. In recent years, PCR has been widely applied for detection of Trypanosoma with higher sensitivity. Trypanosoma -species-specific-DNA-sequences multi copy can be used as a target parasite identification. Internal transcribed spacer regions 1 (ITS-1) is a useful marker for descriminating trypanosomes species. The aims of this study was to detect T. evansi in cattle from Central Kalimantan using ITS-1 PCR. A total of 44 bovine blood samples were colleted using Whatman filter paper from Lamandau District of Central Kalimantan Province. PCR was carried out using ITS-1 primers on DNA templete that was isolated from dried blood. The results showed that 27 out of 44 samples (61.4%) were positive for T. evansi . Lamandau District was suspected to be endemic area of Surra and therefore requires a special attention.
Price Rigidity and Means of Payment 1

The trade-off between cash and a debit card as a means of payment is incorporated into a search-theoretic model. A buyer incurs the proportional cost of carrying cash into the decentralized goods market, and a seller accepting a debit card bears a fixed recordkeeping cost. In an equilibrium, the price of a cash good turns out to be relatively sticky compared with that of a debit-card good. With money supply increasing at a constant rate, the carrying cost of cash proportional to its amount causes the cash balance net of cost to increase at a rate less than the money growth rate. Consumption smoothing also leads to a relatively small decrease in quantity traded in comparison with the increase in cash balance, implying rigid price. Further, the means-of-payment mechanism underlying price rigidity yields an additional distortionary effect of inflation on relative price between cash trade and debit-card trade, which implies higher welfare cost of inflation than that in the standard search-based model.
Forecasting Exchange Rate Volatility in the Presence of Jumps

We study measures of foreign exchange rate volatility based on high-frequency (5-minute) $/DM exchange rate returns using recent nonparametric statistical techniques to compute realized return volatility and its separate continuous sample path and jump components, and measures based on prices of exchange rate futures options, allowing calculation of option implied volatility. We find that implied volatility is an informationally efficient but biased forecast of future realized exchange rate volatility. Furthermore, we show that log-normality is an even better distributional approximation for implied volatility than for realized volatility in this market. Finally, we show that the jump component of future realized exchange rate volatility is to some extent predictable, and that option implied volatility is the dominant forecast of the future jump component.
Should management practice adapt to cultural values? The evidence against power distance adaptation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the cultural concept of power distance to test whether or not culture-practice fit or universal supervisory practices are associated with team collaboration, innovation, current, and future team performance. This test is possible because power distance is conceptually deconstructed and scales developed that reliably and validly differentiate between the societal-level values and workplace practices. Next, drawing on these measures, the authors test the culture-fit vs universal practices hypotheses in a sample of ethnically similar employees dispersed across the USA and India. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from a survey administered to employees and their supervisors in a non-Western multinational corporation. Findings – The authors find support for the universal practices perspective in this study. Those Indian and local managers who were low in interpersonal power distance, regardless of their subordinates’ societal power-distance cul.
Shear wave seismic interferometry for lithospheric imaging: Application to southern Mexico

Seismic interferometry allows for the creation of new seismic traces by cross correlating existing ones. With sufficient sampling of remote‐source positions, it is possible to create a virtual source record by transforming a receiver location into a virtual source. The imaging technique developed here directly retrieves reflectivity information from the subsurface. Other techniques, namely receiver‐function and tomography, rely on mode‐converted energy and perturbations in a velocity field, respectively, to make inferences regarding structure. We select shear phases as an imaging source because of their lower propagation velocity, sensitivity to melt, and ability to treat vertical shear and horizontal shear wavefields independently. Teleseismic shear phases approximate a plane wave due to the extent of wavefront spread compared to a finite receiver array located on the free surface. The teleseismic shear phase transmission responses are used as input to the seismic interferometry technique. We create virtual shear source records by converting each receiver in the array into a virtual source. By cross correlating the received signals, the complex source character of distant earthquakes is imprinted on the virtual source records as the average autocorrelation of individual source‐time functions. We demonstrate a technique that largely removes this imprint by filtering in the common‐offset domain. A field data set was selected from the Meso‐America Subduction Experiment. Despite the suboptimal remote‐source sampling, an image of the lithosphere was produced that confirms features of the subduction zone that were previously found with the receiver‐function technique.
ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORK USING AGGLOMERATIVE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE

Mobile Adhoc NETwork (MANET) is a multi hop wireless network which consists of mobile nodes that communicate with each other through wireless medium. Many researchers are proposed different solution to improve networks performance in terms of effective routing, transmission delay, throughput, Control overhead and stability. Existing research works are mainly focused for creating efficient collaboration between nodes of a network. In MANET, the mobility of nodes provides an opportunity to change network topology that increase control overhead of a network. Clustering mechanism is played crucial role in MANET to improve the networks performance. We proposed an Efficient Hierarchical Cluster based Routing scheme that uses agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique to form stable clusters. It used the various distance metrics like Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), Unweighted Pair Group Method using Centroids (UPGMC) Unweighted Pair Group Method using Centroids (WPGMC), Single linkage or Shortest distance, weighted pair group method with averaging (WPGMA) and Inner squared distance to form the efficient clusters that are close proximity. Efficient cluster head is selected based on weight metrics including transmission range, mobility and remaining energy of the nodes. Simulation results shown that the proposed scheme is achieved good performances with respect to Packet Delivery Ratio, routing overhead, total energy consumption. Key Terms: Cophenet Correlation Coefficient, Energy efficiency,Linkage methods, Hierarchical Cluster, MANET
Mycosphaerella foliar diseases of bananas: towards an integrated protection

Mycosphaerella foliar diseases, Black Leaf Streak and Sigatoka diseases caused respectively by Mycosphaerella fijiensis and M. musicola, are by far the main parasitic constraints for export bananas. They result in substantial necrosis of the foliage and consequently yield loss, but - most importantly - in immature ripening that renders bananas unfit for export. In the absence of commercial resistant varieties, banana exports can only be achieved through intensive chemical control. In most countries, fungicides are applied systematically following a fixed-schedule treatment programme (40-60 applications/year) to protect the young leaves against infection. In some places, forecasting systems are used to schedule treatments in function of the stage of evolution of the disease (5-14 treatments/year). In all countries chemical control has to face increasing difficulties in terms of efficacy, cost and environmental impact. This situation results mainly of two major events: (i) the development of fungicide resistance to systemic fungicides that lead to a systematic use of protectants and (ii) the evolution of the legislation which becomes increasingly restrictive. New alternatives that must be associated with basic prophylactic measures such as the mechanical ablation of lesioned leaves are needed for a sustainable control of these diseases. They are presented as (1) short-term solutions: implement the forecasting strategy where it is feasible or introduce fungicides with low negative environmental effect where this forecasting strategy is impeached by fungicide resistance; (2) mid-to-long-term solution: develop and introduce resistant cultivars in the cropping system. (Resume d'auteur)
Shaken baby syndrome and prevention programs

Sum mary Shaken Baby Syndrome often occurs after shaking in response to crying bouts of infants; which are a source of frustration and anger for parents. It results in serious health problems in the infants such as intracranial and retinal bleeding, brain injury and even death. The syndrome can be prevented by providing training to parents, especially in the early postnatal period and increasing awareness about the dangers of shaking. This review aims to draw attention to shaken baby syndrome which is largely unrecognized in our country and to emphasize the importance of the prevention programs. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 150-156)
Strategic Trustworthiness via Non-Strategic Third-Party Reward – An Experiment

In modern societies more and more people interact with strangers in one-shot situations. In these situations it might be difficult to trust others. Yet, trust is an essential component of most economic interactions. In this paper (in a one-shot situation) an impartial third party can reward another stranger for being trustworthy towards another unrelated person. By design the reward is costly and cannot be strategically motivated. Subjects strategically increase their trustworthiness towards others if they can anticipate to be rewarded for such behavior by an impartial third party. Impartial third parties reward trustworthiness irrespective of whether it can be anticipated.
Solar-like oscillations in massive main-sequence stars - I. Asteroseismic signatures of the driving and damping regions

Motivated by the detection of stochastically excited modes in the massive star V1449 Aql, which is already known to be a β Cephei star, we theoretically investigate the driving by turbulent convection. By using a full non-adiabatic computation of the damping rates, together with a computation of the energy injection rates, we provide an estimate of the amplitudes of modes excited by both the convective region induced by the iron opacity bump and the convective core. Despite the uncertainties in the dynamical properties of these convective regions, we demonstrate that both regions are able to efficiently excite p modes above the CoRoT observational threshold and the solar amplitudes. In addition, we emphasise the potential asteroseismic diagnostics provided by each convective region, which we hope will help us to identify the region responsible for solar-like oscillations, and to place constraints on this convective zone. A forthcoming work will be dedicated to an extended investigation of the likelihood of solar-like oscillations across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL STUDY OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PRUNUS SPINOSA L.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal action of aqueous extracts from Prunus spinosa L. dried fruit determined on five bacterial strains and one fungal strain. The products taken into discussion have been harvested from two geographical regions. There have been prepared two aqueous extracts in different dilutions. The antibacterial and antifungal activity has been assessed using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained demonstrate that the solutions tested do not have antifungal activity, but at the same time, our study proves that the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains are sensitive to these solutions. In conclusion we can state that the two aqueous extracts from the Prunus spinosa L. species, obtained from different geographical areas, may be used for the future development of new pharmaceutical products.
Analysis of User Authentication Methods & Impact on Identification Especially in Banking

Today the web/online has become global way for people to communicate, transact, socialize and even do the business. Where everything is becoming online, internet-centric and 'E' enabled even the governance. Online transaction processing is a key element for every business / organization to run their activities smoothly and globally. Especially Banking and Financial organization are fully dependant on online transaction processing. But the biggest challenge in Online or E processing is Authentication of user and security. The first and foremost thing is to identify that the user requesting online is authentic and true. This is essential for every online transaction and cannot be ignored by anybody. Many technologies , methods, software's have been development for user authentication but 'login/password pair' and 'biometric signature' remains the leading and widely accepted method by industry. More advance way of authentication like Biometric Iris Reading, Thumb Impression Reading, Gesture Reading, Voice Recognition , Pattern based authentication and Tapping based login are being developed for identifying users and ensure his authenticity. But most popular and widely accepted authentication method still is 'login/password pair' and 'signature' though not 100% secure and tamperproof. Emphasis should be given by researcher to improve this popular method to make it at least 99% foolproof besides inventing to new methods. Keywords-Authentication; Security; User Login; Biometric; E-Banking; Identification, Password; Cryptography; Signature; Palm Vein Reading.