Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distance Encoding - Design Provably More Powerful Graph Neural Networks for Structural Representation Learning

Learning structural representations of node sets from graph-structured data is crucial for applications ranging from node-role discovery to link prediction and molecule classification. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in structural representation learning. However, most GNNs are limited by the 1-Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) test and thus possible to generate identical representation for structures and graphs that are actually different. More powerful GNNs, proposed recently by mimicking higher-order-WL tests, only focus on entire-graph representations and cannot utilize sparsity of the graph structure to be computationally efficient. Here we propose a general class of structure-related features, termed Distance Encoding (DE), to assist GNNs in representing node sets with arbitrary sizes with strictly more expressive power than the 1-WL test. DE essentially captures the distance between the node set whose representation is to be learnt and each node in the graph, which includes important graph-related measures such as shortest-path-distance and generalized PageRank scores. We propose two general frameworks for GNNs to use DEs (1) as extra node attributes and (2) further as controllers of message aggregation in GNNs. Both frameworks may still utilize the sparse structure to keep scalability to process large graphs. In theory, we prove that these two frameworks can distinguish node sets embedded in almost all regular graphs where traditional GNNs always fail. We also rigorously analyze their limitations. Empirically, we evaluate these two frameworks on node structural roles prediction, link prediction and triangle prediction over six real networks. The results show that our models outperform GNNs without DEs by up-to 15% improvement in average accuracy and AUC. Our models also significantly outperform other SOTA baselines particularly designed for those tasks.
The Extinct Flightless Mihirungs (Aves, Dromornithidae): Cranial Anatomy, a New Species, and Assessment of Oligo-Miocene Lineage Diversity

ABSTRACT Giant flightless fowl (Aves, Dromornithidae) similar to the Northern Hemisphere gastornithids and weighing up to 350–650 kg evolved on Gondwana and existed in what is now Australia from the Eocene to the late Quaternary. Understanding cranial morphology of dromornithids has until now been based almost wholly on species of Dromornis, with that of species in three other genera either previously unknown or very fragmentary. Here we rectify this deficiency and describe a well-preserved cranium from the middle Miocene Bullock Creek Local Fauna referred to Ilbandornis woodburnei, rich, fragmentary crania, quadrates, pterygoids, and mandibles for the Oligo-Miocene Barawertornis tedfordi Rich, and additional material of the species of Ilbandornis. The morphological similarity of this cranial material suggests that the emusized B. tedfordi is a smaller precursor to and differs little from species of Ilbandornis. Dromornis murrayi, n. sp. , from late Oligocene—Early Miocene sites at Riversleigh, based on cranial and postcranial elements, is the oldest and smallest species in its genus. Placed in the context of other data, these observations suggest that the dromornithids comprised only two lineages throughout the Oligo-Miocene. The Barawertornis-Ilbandornis lineage attained maximum diversity in the middle Miocene Bullock Creek and late Miocene Alcoota local faunas (LF), with two species in each, but the Dromornis lineage seems to have been monotypic throughout its temporal range. The low diversity of these giant galloanseres in Australia mirrors that of the giant herbivorous ratites (ostriches and kin), which similarly have low diversity where they coevolved with diverse mammalian faunas.
Effects of Δ12-Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene( fad2 ) Mutation on Epidermal Construct and Permeability of Brassica napus Leaf

The mutation of fad2 genes has not only impacts on components of fatty acids in Brassica napus seeds, but also strong impacts on other characters of plants, such as cold tolerance and plant growth. In this work, it is found that the leaf of fad2 gene double mutant can be bleached by sodium hypochlorite solution much faster than that of normal line (Fig.1). A further analysis and test showed that: (a) the easily oxidized character of colored components in the leaf of mutants is linked to fad2 gene mutation (Table 1 and Fig.2), (b) furthermore, the easily oxidized character of colored components in the leaf of mutants is linked to washing out of epicuticular wax on the leaf (Fig.3), (c) the epicuticular wax and cuticle of mutant is made permeable (Fig.4), (d) the difference in permeability of leaf cuticle to water between mutant and normal lines is linked to pellet uniform in ultrastructure of epicuticular wax deposits (Fig.5) . It is possible that the change of epicuticular wax deposit structure is caused by the synthesis of cutan-a non degradable polymers in cuticle. Because cuticle is the outer most protective substance of plants, its damage caused by fad2 gene mutation may be one of the factors leading to undesirable agronomic traitsLeaf oxidation test by solution of sodium hypochlorite and silver nitrate can be used as a rapid and simple method for high oleic acid line identification.
Infectious Bursal Disease(GUMBORO Disease) in Chickens

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is an immune system disease which is caused by a virus which is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae. The objective of this paper is to review available information on the etiology, epidemiology, economic significance, diagnosis, control and prevention method of IBD. Although turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl and ostriches may be infected, clinical disease occurs solely in chickens. Only young birds are clinically affected. Severe acute diseases of 3-6-week-old birds are associated with high mortality, but a less acute or subclinical disease is common in 0-3-week-old birds. This can cause secondary problems due to the effect of the virus on the bursa of fabricius. IBD virus causes lymphoid depletion of the bursa and if this occurs in the first 2 weeks of life, significant depression of the humoral antibody response may result. Two serotypes of IBDV are recognized; these are designated serotypes 1 and 2. Clinical disease has been associated with only serotype 1 and all commercial vaccines are prepared against this serotype. Very virulent strains of classical serotype 1 are now common and are causing serious disease in many countries. Clinical disease due to infection with the IBDV, also known as Gumboro disease, can usually diagnose by a combination of characteristic clinical signs and post mortem lesions. An effective IBD prevention and control program must involve an effective breeder vaccination program, an effective bio-security program and effective broiler vaccination programs are recommended to prevent IBD.
Polymorphic Studies on Helicoverpa armigera Populations in Different Host Plants Using Microsatellite Primers

The DNA polymorphisms of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) populations on cotton, tobacco and tomato in Henan province were studied using microsatellite primers. The results showed that there were DNA polymorphisms for all cotton bollworm populations when the three primers selected were used to amplify the genome of cotton bollworm; The populations of cotton bollworm on tobacco and tomato were closely related and those between them and cotton were distant. Finally, some questions in controlling cotton bollworm were discussed from the relationship of cotton bollworm and its host plants. 
Induced plant defences against insect grazing: fact or artefact?

Recent evidence for the ecological effects of damage-induced changes in leaves is reviewed and a framework proposed for the types of evidence needed to separate coincidental effects of wound repair from an evolved defence response. The ecological evidence presented is: the overdispersion of grazing damage within and between leaves at the end of the season; the induction of unpalatability and chemical changes following damage; negative associations between insect grazers on plants; grazer foraging behaviour. The framework of types of evidence which help to distinguish wound-repair processes from defence is: the induced chemical substances are not always directly involved in repair; chemical changes may be induced in tissues remote from the site of damage; the speed and magnitude of the changes are sufficient to affect grazer behaviour or fitness; plant species exhibiting induced changes show other general ecological similarities.
The Wnt gene family in evolution and development: insights from Chilopoda

x Acknowledgements . xi Declaration . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Theoretical Background . 2 1.1.1 The role of development in evolutionary theory. 2 1.1.2 Evo-devo and the “genetic toolkit” . 3 1.2 Wnt Signalling with Particular Reference to Arthropoda . 4 1.2.1 The basics of Wnt signalling in arthropods and other animals . 4 1.2.2 Additional complexities of Wnt signalling . 6 1.2. 3 Evolution of the Wnt gene family . 7 1.3 Wnt Genes in Arthropods: Expression and Function . 8 1. 4 Wnt Functional Themes in Arthropods . 19 1.4. 1 Posterior development . 19 1.4. 2 Segmentation . 20 1.4. 3 Other structures . 20 1.5 The Chilopoda . 21 iii 1.5. 1 The centipedes as a choice of study taxon . 21 1.5. 2 The biology of centipedes . 21 1.6 The Aims and Approach of This Thesis . 24 Chapter 2:Study species and general materials and methods . 26 2.1 Study Species . 27 2.1.1 Strigamia maritima (Leach) . 28 2.1.2 Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (L. Koch, 1878) . 31 2.1.3 Scutigera coleoptrata (L.) . 33 2.2 General Methods . 37 2.2.1 Light microscopy and image processing . 37 2.2.2 Embryo fixation . 37 2.2. 3 Nuclear staining with 4',6'-Diamidin-2-phenylindol (DAPI) . 37 2.2. 4 RNA extraction . 38 2.2. 5 RNA gel electrophoresis . 38 2.2. 6 cDNA synthesis . 38 2.2. 7 DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. 38 2.2. 8 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques . 39 2.2. 9 DNA purification techniques . 39 2.2.10 TA cloning . 39 2.2.11 DNA plasmid purification. 40
The study of the resistance of Chinese nutgall to the formation of plaque biofilm in artificial mouth

AIM:To observe the effects of Chinese nutgall on the formation of plaque biofilm in artificial mouth.METHODS:Four kinds of cariogenic bacteria were selected to form the artificial plaque biofilm in artificial mouth.The morphological observation of artificial biofilm was carried out by SEM.The amount of the bacteria adhered on the enamel fragment surface was determined by colony counting.RESULTS:The amount of bacteria on enamel fragments treated with Chinese nutgall extractum was less than that treated with saline,the difference between two groups was significant ( P 0.001). The enamel fragments treated with Chinese nutgall extractum had no biofilm formed,the bacteria were distributed scatteredly.While the mature biofilm occurred on the enamel fragments treated with saline.CONCLUSION:Chinese nutgall can inhibit the formation of oral biofilm significantly.
FETAL MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL BIO MARKING FOR TRACKING CELLS

Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into different types of cells and unique property of self renewal. Thus it is suitable for replacement therapies and regenerative medical applications. Besides hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), bone marrow (BM) possess marrow cells called as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or stromal stem cells that are present in bone marrow. MSCs are multipotent precursors present in adult BM, having the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, tenocytes and myoblasts (Pittenger et al.,1999; Bianco et al., 2001). Although MSCs represent a very small fraction of the total population of nucleated cells in the marrow (0.01% - 0.001%, Pittenger et al., 1999) they can be easily separated from the HSCs by their adherence to plastics and glasses (Colter et al., 2000). Green fluorescent protein has been used widely as a marker for tracking cells in a wide variety of cell biology studies. Since MSCs are gaining importance for their potential in clinical application the present study has been done to assess the efficiency of GFP marking in ovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells and thus evolve suitable method for tracking these cells in transplantation in pharmacologic applications.
IDENTIFICAZIONE DI E. COLI O157 IN UN ALLEVAMENTO DI BOVINE DA LATTE MEDIANTE METODO IN MULTIPLEX REAL-TIME PCR IDENTIFICATION OF E. COLI O157 IN A BOVINE MILK FARM BY MUL- TIPLEX REAL-TIME PCR

SUMMARY Law provisions about direct sell of raw bovine milk require VTEC O157 monitoring in bovine milk farms (milk and faeces). It has been showed that culture-based methods used for this scope, besides being cumbersome and timeconsuming, may be also less sensitive, compared to molecular approaches. In this study, a multiplex Real-Time PCR, able to identify VTEC O157, Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogenes, has been used to analyse milk, filter, sewage and stool samples from a milk farm, in comparison with standard OIE methods. The performances of the molecular protocol have been preliminary assessed with lyophilized samples from proficiency testing VLA, showing 100% accordance. Results from field samples indicated the absence of the pathogen in milk, and the higher sensitivity of Real-Time PCR with other matrices, suggesting its potential use for fast VTEC O157 identification.
The Ultrastructure of the Tracheal System in Insect

Using transmission electron microscopy and tissue chemical methods of the ultrastructures of the tracheal system were thoroughly studied in insect. The results showed that the ultrastructures of the tracheal system were commonly composed of the cuticular intima, the epithelium and the basement membrane. The cuticular intima were subdivided into the superficial layers, the epicuticle, the procuticle; The epicuticle consists of the outer epicuticle and the inner epicuticle; The procuticle consists of the exocuticle and the endocuticle; The taenidium were formed by thickening the cuticular intima. In the different species (or orders), the trachea and tracheole in the different tissues relatively have different ultrastructure. These structures adapt to their properties and functions.
Nutritive and energetic strategy of giant pandas in Xiangling Mountains

Nutrition and energy use by giant pandas in Xiangling Mountains was studied in Yele Natural Reserve,Mianning County of Sichuan Province from 1994 to 1996.Results indicated that giant pandas digested not only crude protein and crude fat,but also partial hemicellulose.Digestibility for crude protein,crude fat and hemicellulose was 61.5%,50.3% and 23.3% respectively while they ate leaves and stems.The digestibility were 71.9%,61.5% and 29.6% respectively while they took bamboo shoots only.The digestibility for shoots was much higher than that for leaves and stems,because of a higher nutritional quality.Adult panda could obtain 17222.0 kJ daily in spring,28329.4 kJ in summer autumn and 20963.5 kJ in winter,which is just a little bit higher than the daily energy expenditure of 14651～16744 kJ
A NEW SEX-LINKED CHARACTER IN DROSOPHILA

Barred eye—a new sex-linked character—appeared in Drosophila in a single red-eyed male fly and its dominance is constant over the normal eye. The broad bar of the heterozygous females distinguishes them from the homozygous ones with a narrow bar. The viability of the stock makes it valuable for linkage experiments.By taking the percentage of cross overs as an indication of distance on the chromosome, we can place the factor for barred approximately at 56.
Variability and temporal stability of communities in estuaries (Mlalazi and Mpenjati, South Africa)

Estuaries are considered stressed environments because of the high variability in their physico-chemical properties; however, estuarine biota are able to thrive in this perceived stressful environment. The environmental homeostasis hypothesis states that this natural stress provides estuarine communities with the ability to reach stability by compensating for changes in the environment. Species diversity is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to community stability, although its influence is less evident in environments exposed to high environmental forcing. This study aimed to determine the variability and temporal stability of communitylevel properties such as phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton and macrobenthos density and biomass over a dry/wet cycle in the Mlalazi and Mpenjati estuaries. Despite the significant seasonal changes recorded for the density and biomass of the planktonic and benthic communities of both estuaries throughout the study, the variability of these community-level properties did not differ significantly among seasons. Of the community properties analyzed, phytoplankton and macrobenthos biomass exhibited the lowest and highest variability, respectively, in both systems. The temporal stability was similar among community-level properties and systems, and species synchrony was the main driver of community stability in both estuaries, probably because of the prevalence of environmental forcing in estuaries. Our study suggests that stable variability and an asynchronous response by species could be the mechanisms used by the estuarine biota of these 2 systems to compensate for environmental changes and reach environmental homeostasis.
Characteristics of accumulation and subcellular distribution of cadmium in Allium cepa var. agrogarum

By hydroponic experiments combined with subcellular fractionation technology and ICP-AES,the accumulation characteristics of Cd,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn in different organs and the subcellular distribution traits of Cd in roots and leaves of Allium cepa var. agrogarum seedlings under the stress of different Cd2+concentrations(1,10,100 μmol/L)were investigated. The results showed that:(1)With the increase of Cd2+concentration in the nutrient solution,the cadmium in roots,stems and leaves of Allium cepa var agrogarum seedlings significantly increased,and Cd accumulated mostly in roots,which transported to aerial part very little. (2) The accumulation of Cd in Allium cepa var. agrogarum seedlings changed the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn in roots,stems and leaves. (3)The subcellular distribution of both leaves and roots fractions was as follow:cell wall composition soluble fraction cytoplasm nucleus,chloroplast components mito-chondrial components. (4)With the increase of Cd2+concentration in the nutrient solution,the increase degree of Cd in cell wall and soluble fraction cytoplasm was greatly larger than that in nucleus,chloroplast components,and mitochondrial components. Meanwhile,Cd percentages in cell wall and soluble fraction cytoplasm increased generally,which in nucleus,chloroplast components and mitochondrial components descended. In conclusion,Cd absorbed by Allium cepa var.agrogarum seedlings was mainly accumulated in the roots. On the cell level,much Cd was deposited and chelated by cell wall,or localized in vacuole. This can keep subcellular fractions metabolizing vigorously from the effect of Cd.
Metastatic Lymph Node Station Number Predicts Survival in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: As for pathologic N category, various regrouping strategies have been raised in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but little was done in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). On the basis of the suggestions discussed in NSCLC, we proposed a novel, metastatic lymph node station number (MNSN) based pathologic N parameter and compared its efficacy in predicting survival with pN in SCLC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients operated and pathologically diagnosed as SCLC in our hospital between 2009 and 2019. Kaplan Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to compare survival between groups defined by pN and MNSN. Results: From 2009 to 2019, 566 patients received surgery for SCLC and 530 of them were eligible for subsequent analysis, with a median followup time of 21 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.8%, 38.6%, 27.9% for pN0, pN1, pN2 stages and were 58.8%, 36.8%, 22.1%, 0% for MNSN0, 1-2, 3-5, 6-7 groups, respectively. Analyses of overall and recurrence-free survival (RFS) revealed that pN1 could not be distinguished from pN2 (OS, p=0.099; RFS, p=0.254), but the groups in MNSN were well separated from each other (OS, p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.063; RFS, p<0.001, p=0.026, p=0.01, compared with the former group). When adjusted for sex, age, smoking, tumor purity and T stage, MNSN groups were independent hazard factors for OS and RFS.
Automatic Production of Synthetic Labeled OCT Images Using Active Shape Model

The challenge of limited labeled data in the field of medical imaging and the need for large number of labeled data for training machine learning algorithms, and to measure the performance of image processing algorithms increases the demand to use synthetic images. The purpose of this paper is to construct synthetic and labeled Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data to solve the problems like having access to the accurate labeled data and evaluating the processing algorithms. In this study, a modified active shape model is used which considers the anatomical features of available images such as number and thickness of the layers and their associated brightness, the retinal blood vessels, and shadow information with wise consideration of speckle noise. The algorithm is also able to provide different datasets with varying noise level. The validity of our method for synthesis of retinal images is measured by two methods (qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis).
Explicit knowledge of task structure is the primary determinant of human model-based action

Explicit information obtained through instruction profoundly shapes human choice behaviour. However, this has been studied in computationally simple tasks, and it is unknown how model-based and model-free systems, respectively generating goal-directed and habitual actions, are affected by the absence or presence of instructions. We assessed behaviour in a novel variant of a computationally more complex decision-making task, before and after providing information about task structure, both in healthy volunteers and individuals suffering from obsessive-compulsive (OCD) or other disorders. Initial behaviour was model-free, with rewards directly reinforcing preceding actions. Model-based control, employing predictions of states resulting from each action, emerged with experience in a minority of subjects, and less in OCD. Providing task structure information strongly increased model-based control, similarly across all groups. Thus, explicit task structural knowledge determines human use of model-based reinforcement learning, and is most readily acquired from instruction rather than experience .
Realistic Emulation of LTE With MoonGen and DPDK

We present a realistic LTE link emulator built using the MoonGen and Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) packet processing tools. This allows users to perform experiments involving emulated LTE links with configurable properties on a wired testbed such as Emulab. The emulator emulates heterogeneous uplink and downlink rates, latencies, packet loss, concealed loss recovery (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request - HARQ), and the full set of Discontinuous Reception (DRX) states. We describe the implementation of the emulator, evaluate its performance compared to measurements made on a real LTE network, and highlight the technical challenges and trade-offs involved.