Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
If an ontologist could speak we couldn’t understand him

Abstract It is common for contemporary ontologists to claim that they are not concerned with what exists simpliciter, but rather with what exists ’fundamentally’, or what ’really’ exists. I argue that positions of this sort cannot satisfy reasonable constraints concerning the acquisition of language. I assess and dismiss possible responses to this complaint before commenting on the prospects for a metaphysics without bespoke existence claims.
Early numerical cognition and mathematical processes

In this paper I study the development of arithmetical cognition with the focus on metaphorical thinking. In an approach developing on Lakoff and Núñez (2000), I propose one particular conceptual metaphor, the Process → Object Metaphor (POM), as a key element in understanding the development of mathematical thinking.
Sequence-dependent DNA structure. The role of base stacking interactions.

The sequence-dependent structure of DNA is analysed on the basis of the energetics of the base stacking (pi-pi) interactions. The conformational preferences of the ten possible base-pair steps in double-helical DNA have been calculated and compared with experimental data from X-ray fibre diffraction, X-ray crystal structures and gel-running experiments. The calculations account for many features of sequence-dependent DNA structure, including polymorphism in DNA, the lack of polymorphism in RNA, the structure of Z-DNA, bistability in pyrimidine-purine (YR) steps, the origin of propeller twist and buckle and the role of TATA sequences at the sites of origin of replication. The computational model used specifically allows for the charge distribution associated with the out-of-plane pi-electron density of the bases. The results obtained are rationalized on the basis of the shapes and charge distributions of the bases. Calladine's cross-strand steric clashes at pyrimidine-purine (YR) and CX/XG steps are reproduced. In AX/XT steps, same-strand steric clashes occur between the thymine methyl group and the 5'-neighbouring sugar. They are the cause of the large negative propeller twist observed in A.T base-pairs. Steric clashes between the thymine methyl group and the 5'-neighbouring base block A-DNA conformations in AX/XT steps. Electrostatic interactions between partial atomic charges are most important for C.G base-pairs which are highly polarized. They lead to strong preferences for positive slide and negative slide conformations in CG and GC steps, respectively. This combination can be accommodated in poly(CG) by left-handed Z-DNA. Many of the more subtle sequence-dependent effects are caused by electrostatic interactions between the partial atomic charges on one base-pair and the out-of-plane pi-electron density on another. The effect is most important in CX-XG steps and leads to bistability. In general, electrostatic interactions cause non-zero slide. This is opposed by the hydrophobic effect which favours the zero slide B-type conformation. Thus, B-DNA is observed at high water content in fibres and electrostatic interactions force high or low slide A or C-DNA conformations at low water content. If two juxtaposed steps have very different conformational preferences, this incompatibility can lead to unusual structures such as Z-DNA or strain such as in TATA sequences.
Soil Salinity Alters Growth, Chlorophyll Content, and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Catharanthus roseus

The effect of salinity on growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and alkaloid secondary metabolite accumulation were studied in an economically important medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. , under pot culture conditions. Plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl, (e.g. 50 and 100 mM) 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing (DAS). The plants were uprooted randomly 90 DAS to analyse growth, and chlorophyll and alkaloid content. Salinity affected all the morphological parameters and decreased growth performance. At low salinity regimes, a slight decrease was noted in chlorophyll a and b, and total chlorophyll content, but under high salinity conditions a significant reduction in the content of these pigments was observed. The chlorophyll a:chlorophyll b ratio also varied significantly under salinity stress. Alkaloid content increased under saline soil conditions. Ozet: Ekonomik oneme sahip Catharanthus roseus (L.) t›bbi bitkisinin buyume, fotosentetik pigment muhtevas› ve alkoloit ikincil metabolit birikimi uzerinde tuzluluun etkisi cal›fl›lm›flt›r. Bitki tohumlar› 50 ve 100 mM l›k tuz ile muamele edilmifl ve tohumlar ekildikten sonra 30, 45, 60, 75 gun aral›klarla deiyonize suyla sulanm›flt›r. 90 gunluk bitkiler al›narak buyume, klorofil ve alkoloit muhteva analizi yap›lm›flt›r. Tuzluluun butun morfolojik parametreleri etkiledii ve buyume performans›n› azalt›¤› gozlenmifltir. Az tuzluluk rejiminde klorofil a, b ve toplam klorofil muhtevas›nda cok az bir art›fl olmas›na karfl›n, yuksek tuzluluk durumlar›nda pigment muhtevas›nda onemli bir azalma olmufltur. Klorofil a / klorofil b oran› tuz stresinde oldukca fazla deiflkenlik gostermifltir. Topra¤›n tuzluluu alkaloid muhtevas›nda art›fla neden olmufltur.
Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of a polyphenol‐rich extract from Geranium sanguineum L. in vitro and in vivo

A polyphenol‐rich extract from Geranium sanguineum L. (PC) protected biological membranes due to its antioxidant capacity. PC caused a dose‐dependent decrease of the osmotic hemolysis of human erythrocytes and increased their resistance against the toxic effect of H2O2; no effect on catalase activity was observed. While PC reduced the accumulation of TBA‐reactive products in rat liver microsomes in inducible lipid peroxidation (LPO), the non‐induced LPO was not affected.
Improving robustness of stacked auto-encoder against evasion attack based on weight evenness

In recent years, deep learning makes great breakthroughs in a variety of applications. Its motivation is to learn feature from raw data. However, the performance of deep learning method applied to security-sensitive applications is poor. In adversarial environment, there are adversaries who attempt to evade valid classification by manipulating training and test samples. Thus, test data does not follow the same distribution of training data. Robustness of stacked autoencoder must be concerned under adversarial environment. In this paper, we investigate the attacking principle and try to improve the robustness of stacked autoencoder. A simple but effective objective function that not only minimizes empirical risks but also improves the robustness of stacked autoencoder against evasion attack is proposed. Our proposed method is based on weight evenness which presents better classification performance under evasion attack. We verify this method on the MNIST dataset. The robustness of our model is compared with conventional stacked autoencoder. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective against evasion attack and enhances the security of stacked autoencoder under adversarial environment.
Stemmer Impact on Quranic Mobile Information Retrieval Performance

Stemming algorithms are employed in information retrieval (IR) to reduce verity variants of the same word with several endings to a standard stem. Stemmers can also help IR systems by unifying vocabulary, reducing term variants, reducing storage space, and increasing the likelihood of matching documents, all of which make stemming very attractive for use in IR. This paper aims to study the impact of using stemming techniques in mobile effectiveness. Two-word extraction stemming techniques will be used: a light stemmer and a dictionary-lookup stemmer. Also, three sets of experiments were conducted in this research in order to raise the efficiency of mobile aapplications. Implementing the two stemming approaches and assessing their accuracy by calculating the precision, recall, MAP, and f-measure, produced results which show that the light10 stemmer outperforms the dictionary-lookup stemmer in precision and MAP. Furthermore, the mobile performance of the light10 stemmer exceeds that of the dictionary-based stemmer.
Differential feeding as a concept for the realization of broadband dual-polarized antennas with very high polarization purity

In this paper a new concept for the design of the ultra broadband antennas with dual-orthogonal, linear polarization is introduced. It enables an outstanding polarization decoupling over the very wide frequency range. The antenna built accordingly to this concept can be realized in the planar technology, where the radiation occurs perpendicularly to the antenna surface. This feature is not common in the few dual-polarized ultra wideband antennas introduced in the literature. The concept assures that the phase center of radiation is the same for both polarizations and does not move at all in the whole frequency range. This is very advantageous especially for the impulse-based UWB systems. The coupling between ports is very low. The measurements with the antenna basing on this concept confirm the theoretical assumptions and show very good performance of the device.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats in Three Counties of Gilan Province, North of Iran the More Humid Climate the Higher Prevalence

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Toxoplasmosis causes abortion and neonatal loss in livestock and imposes significant losses to farming industry. Prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats was investigated in three adjacent geographical areas within Gilan province in north of Iran. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 247 sheep and 155 goats in three counties; Roudsar with humid subtropical climate and average annual precipitation (AAP) of 1400 mm, Masal with sub-humid climate and AAP of 700 mm, and Roudbar with cold semi-arid steppe climate and AAP of 400 mm. The samples were tested for Toxoplasma antibodies by using Sabin- Feldman Dye Test. Results: The overall prevalence in sheep was significantly higher than goats (P<0.001). Moreover, the prevalence in sheep was greatly increased with AAP (P<0.001); the prevalence in sheep was 62.2% in Roudsar, 39.3% in Masal and 15% in Roudbar. Conclusion: Sheep is the most common source of meat consumed in Iran, as well as many parts of the world, and presents the most danger in foodborne transmission of T. gondii to humans. Intensive farm management resulted in decreased prevalence of Toxoplasma in poultries and pigs while sheep are raised in small flocks in Iran, as many other developing countries, and extensively exposed to oocysts shed by cats. The information obtained here could have important implications for prevention of T. gondii infection in humans as well as reducing the rate of infection, and consequent abortion and neonatal loss in sheep and goats. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis, 2014, 2 (2): 80-83.
Gastric mucosal cell cycle regulation with ulcer healing by sulglycotide.

BACKGROUND The progression of the events associated with gastric mucosal repair is controlled in an orderly manner by a plethora of the extracellular cues exerting their effect on the cell cycle regulatory proteins, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases, the expression of which varies through the cycle stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) during chronic ulcer healing with sulglycotide. METHODS Rats with experimentally induced gastric ulcers were treated twice daily for 14 days either with sulglycotide at 200 mg/kg or vehicle, and at different stages of the treatment their stomachs were used for macroscopic damage assessment and quantitation of gastric mucosal Cdk2 and PCNA expression. RESULTS The assays showed that the ulcer healing was accompanied by an increase in mucosal expression of Cdk2 and PCNA. The maximum increase in Cdk2 (2.3-fold) occurred by the 4th day of healing. An accelerated ulcer healing (10 days) with sulglycotide treatment was reflected in a marked enhancement in Cdk2 expression attained a maximum 2.1-fold increase by the 6th day of treatment and remained substantially increased for up to 10 days. CONCLUSIONS The findings show a complex interplay between the extracellular cues and cell cycle regulatory proteins, an orderly progression that drives the mucosal repair process. We also show that the gastroprotective agent sulglycotide is capable of affecting the expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins that control cell cycle progression through G1 and into S phase.
Low complication rate of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of pediatric forearm fractures

Abstract Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) has been established as state of the art treatment for forearm fractures in children, if operative stabilization is required. Their use has been expanded to single bone shaft fractures, and also more complex injuries such as Monteggia fractures or Monteggia-like lesions. A wide range of complications has been reported in the literature, up to 70% in certain investigations. The purpose of this study was to assess the complication rate after ESIN treatment of forearm fractures in children and adolescents in a representative cohort of patients from a level 1 trauma center in Germany. Between 2000 and 2015, we retrospectively analyzed all patients, up to the age of 16 years, with forearm fractures, who were operatively treated using ESIN in our department of general and trauma surgery. The main outcome measurements were the rates of postoperative complications after ESIN such as re-fracture, malunion, nonunion, tendon lesion, wound infection, and limited range of motion. In all, 201 consecutive patients with 202 forearm fractures were included in this study. Age averaged 9.7 years (range 3–16 years). Fifteen (7.4%) fractures were open. Fractures were 82.2% diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures. Follow-up averaged 10.2 months (range 0.7–176.3 months). Complications were 10 re-fractures, 2 malunions, 3 extensor pollicis longus tendon ruptures, 1 superficial wound infection, and 2 limited range of motions. Fourteen (6.9%) children required a secondary operative intervention for their complication. Time to implant removal averaged 3.8 months (range 0.4–16.3 months). Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is a minimally invasive and reliable technique with a low complication rate. Both-bone forearm fractures and single bone fractures, and also Monteggia and Monteggia-equivalent fractures can be successfully treated with this method. As a major complication, re-fractures are frequently seen, even with ESIN in situ.
Gallium Nitride: An Overview of Structural Defects

1.1 Foreword The III-V nitrides have long been viewed as promising semiconductor materials for their application in the blue and ultraviolet wavelengths optical devices, as well as high power and high temperature electronic devices. In the absence of a suitable gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, GaN, and related III-V materials are heteroepitaxially grown on sapphire or other substrates. GaN grown on sapphire normally contains a high density of threading dislocations in the range of 1010 cm-2 (Lester, 1995; Qian, 1995a; Hong & Cho, 2009) due to lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient mismatches between GaN and sapphire. Besides threading dislocations, there are many other structural defects, such as, inversion domain, stacking mismatch boundaries, micropipes/nanopipes or voids, and surface pits. These defects will cause the periodicity of the crystal to be disrupted over distances of several atomic diameters from the defect and affect the optoelectronic properties of the devices. For example, threading dislocations have been found to act as nonradiative centers and scattering centers in electron transport that is detrimental to the performance of light emitting diodes and field-effect transistor (Ng et al., 1998). Dislocations defects cause rapid recombination of holes with electrons without conversion of their available energy into photons, i.e., nonradiative recombination, which causes heating up of the crystal and making optoelectronic devices malfunction (Hong & Cho, 2009; Garni et al., 1996). With the advancement of crystal growth technology, crystal defects in GaN have been reduced tremendously. The threading dislocations density in the GaN films has been reduced from the range of 1010 cm-2 to 105 cm-2. However, effort to further reduce the density of structural defects in GaN is strongly driven by the growth of high crystal quality thin films for fabrication of high performance optoelectronic devices.
Germline and somatic NF1 mutations in sporadic and NF1‐associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are a malignancy occurring with increased frequency in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). In contrast to the well‐known spectrum of germline NF1 mutations, the information on somatic mutations in MPNSTs is limited. In this study, we screened NF1, KRAS, and BRAF in 47 MPNSTs from patients with (n = 25) and without (n = 22) NF1. In addition, DNA from peripheral blood and cutaneous neurofibroma biopsies from, respectively, 14/25 and 7/25 of the NF1 patients were analysed. Germline NF1 mutations were detected in ten NF1 patients, including three frameshift, three nonsense, one missense, one splicing alteration, and two large deletions. Somatic NF1 mutations were found in 10/25 (40%) NF1‐associated MPNSTs, in 3/7 (43%) neurofibromas, and in 9/22 (41%) sporadic MPNSTs. Large genomic copy number changes accounted for 6/10 and 7/13 somatic mutations in NF1‐associated and sporadic MPNSTs, respectively. Two NF1‐associated and 13 sporadic MPNSTs did not show any NF1 mutation. A major role of the KRAS and BRAF genes was ruled out. The spectrum of germline NF1 mutations in neurofibromatosis patients with MPNST is different from the spectrum of somatic mutations seen in MPNSTs. However, the somatic events share common characteristics with the NF1‐related and the sporadic tumours. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conception des systèmes embarqués : applications, algorithmes et architectures

Les travaux presentes traitent des algorithmes, architectures, methodes et outils necessaires a la conception et a l’implantation d’applications sur systemes embarques. Les grands themes abordes couvrent A) Le partitionnement logiciel/materiel pour l’implantation de systemes de diagnostic et d’analyse de donnees ; les contributions concernent l’etape de partitionnement proprement dite et l’estimation de l’effort d’implantation materielle. B) La conception de systemes reconfigurables logiciels/materiels heterogenes ; les contributions portent sur l’evaluation de faisabilite de tels systemes et sur la proposition d’un flot de conception permettant l’exploration de l’espace des solutions. C) Le developpement d'une interface de commande d’objets controlee a partir d'un systeme inductif active par la langue dans le cadre de l'aide a la personne. Les contributions consistent en la conception d’une interface modulaire gerant differents protocoles de communication et en la realisation d’un prototype. D) L’etude des erreurs sur circuits FPGA notamment lorsqu’ils sont soumis a des tensions d’alimentation inferieures aux tensions nominales ; les contributions couvrent la comprehension de la causalite des erreurs et une proposition de modele pour la prediction de ces erreurs. E) L’etude et la realisation d’un recepteur de signaux ADS-B pour nano-satellite dans le cadre du controle du trafic aerien ; les contributions sont la conception et l’implantation de la partie decodeur sur cible FPGA, ainsi que l’evaluation de son fonctionnement en conditions reelles (nano-satellite GOMX-1).
Predictors of social status in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after group formation

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether various behavioral and hormonal markers obtained in individually housed monkeys would be predictive of social rank following group housing. Body weight, serum cortisol and testosterone levels, and locomotor activity in an open‐field apparatus were examined in 20 experimentally naive male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) while they were individually housed. It was hypothesized that eventual subordinate monkeys would have higher cortisol levels and increased locomotor activity scores. These monkeys were then placed in social groups of four (five pens of four monkeys), and social rank was determined based on outcomes of dyadic agonistic encounters. Body weight correlated significantly with eventual social rank. In general, the heavier the monkey the higher the social rank. Locomotor activity in an open‐field apparatus following administration of a low dose of cocaine (0.01 mg/kg, i.v.), which has been shown to increase CNS dopamine, correlated with eventual social rank such that individually housed monkeys with high levels of locomotion were more likely to become subordinate. Serum cortisol and testosterone levels failed to correlate with eventual social rank. Hypothalamic‐pituitary feedback sensitivity and adrenal responsiveness were examined by measuring cortisol levels after administration of dexamethasone and following ACTH challenge. Cortisol responses in these tests were not associated with eventual social rank. These results suggest that, in addition to body weight, the level of reactivity in a novel environment after administration of a low dose of cocaine is a potential trait marker for social rank. This trait is apparently not associated with hormone levels, but may involve other CNS mechanisms. Am. J. Primatol. 52:115–131, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of core argon impurity profile by ECH in KSTAR L-mode plasmas

Experiments on trace argon impurity transport in L-mode discharges were performed on Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research (KSTAR) with electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH). Ar emission was measured by soft x-ray (SXR) arrays and vacuum UV (VUV) diagnostics. A significant reduction in the core Ar emissivity was observed with core ECH. The reduction was the largest with on-axis heating and became smaller with outward heating positions. The diffusivity and convection velocity of Ar were obtained by analysis of the SXR data with the SANCO impurity transport code for the on-axis ECH and the non-ECH shots. In the on-axis ECH case, both diffusivity and convection velocity increased. Furthermore, the convection changed its direction from inward to outward in the plasma core (r/a < 0.3), resulting in a hollow profile of the total Ar density. Together with the reduction in the SXR signals, the hollow impurity profile in the core and the reversal of the convection velocity consistently confirm that ECH can reduce impurity accumulation in the core region. Neoclassical impurity transport and linear stability of micro-turbulence were calculated and discussed in relation to the possible transport mechanism.
E Media's Global Zero: Design for Environment in a Small Firm

Shape, Inc. is the last remaining videocassette manufacturer in the United States. It successfully competes against foreign suppliers with a nearly 50-fold labor-cost advantage using a combination of automation and innovative design. One of its products, the Global Zero (G0) videocassette, exemplifies many of the precepts outlined by sustainable design. Developed over a period of three years by the design firm E Media and coming into production in January 1993, the Global Zero offers an alternative that is cost-effective to manufacture, offers consumer advantages, is 100-percent recyclable, and has the potential for a closed-loop material usage cycle.