Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Typology of native species as the shade tree for merbau (Intsia bijuga) plantations in Papua, Indonesia based on ecological species group

Sirami EV, Marsono Dj, Sadono R, Imron MA. 2019. Typology of native species as the shade tree for merbau (Intsia bijuga) plantations in Papua, Indonesia based on ecological species group. Biodiversitas 20: 43-53. Ecological species group is an ecological principle that can be used as a reference in determining the potential native tree species of Papua as the shade trees for merbau in the mixed forest plantations. This research was conducted to identify the potential native trees as the shade for merbau plantation in Papua. The data collection used systematic line technique with hypothetical plot and sampling tree as the plot center. The Dice Index was used to analyze the level of association between merbau and the neighboring trees as well as to serve as a basis for determining ESG and Important Value Index was used to analyze the level of tree dominance. The main potential shade trees consisting of Pometia coriacea Radlk. , Lepiniopsis ternatensi Valeton, Spathiostemon javensis Blume, Palaquium amboinense Burck. , and Pimelodendron amboinicum Hassk. Whereas complementary and alternative potential shade consisting of Haplolobus lanceolatus H.J.Lam ex Leenh, Haplolobus celebicus H.J.Lam, Horsfieldia laevigata Warb. , Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.)Warb. Prunus costata Kalkman, Sterculia macrophylla Vent. , Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume, Pertusadina multifolia (Havil.) Ridsdale, Streblus elongatus (Miq.) Corner and Geijera salicifolia Schott. The main shade trees possessed a main function for rendering shade toward younger merbau in the plantation area. Meanwhile, complementary and alternative shade trees were intended for increasing soil nutrient availability and optimizing microclimate surround merbau seedlings.
Cadmium block of squid calcium currents

I N T R O D U C T I O N C a d m i u m and many o the r inorganic cat ions t radi t ional ly cons ide red to be blockers of calcium channels may actually be pe rmean t , a lbei t spar ingly (macroscopic cur ren t data: Fakuda and Kawa, 1977; Kawa, 1979; Anderson, 1979, 1983; Brown et al., Address reprint requests to Dr. Robert H. Chow, Max-Planck-Institut f/ir Biophysikalische Chemie, Abteilung Membranbiophysik, D-3400 G6ttingen, Germany. j . CrEN. PHYSIOL. © The Rockefeller University Press • 0022-1295/91/10/0751/20 $2.00 751 Volume 98 October 1991 751-770 on July 19, 2018 jgp.rupress. org Downloaded from http://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.98. 4.751 Published Online: 1 October, 1991 | Supp Info:
The Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Pilot Program Designed to Enhance Wellbeing through Self-Identified

We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an introductory and interdisciplinary program to increase participants’ knowledge and awareness of wellbeing and intention to implement self-identified lifestyle changes. “Wellness and Wellbeing: What About Me? ” was a University Extension pilot program that was designed to introduce wellbeing as a multidimensional construct. The program was delivered by Extension professionals in 14 sites across Iowa. Program evaluation consisted of a post-program assessment at the end of the seven-week series. The majority of the 115 post-program survey respondents were female, ranging in age from 22-88 years. Almost all survey respondents (89%) reported learning something new, and 94% reported that they intended to make a change to their lives because they attended the program. In addition, themes derived from open-ended survey responses supported the results related to awareness and intention to change behavior. Results from this pilot implementation were used to inform modifications to future program content, length, and dissemination efforts through Extension.
How memory constraints boost the rational use of the familiarity heuristic

Jtitle 哲學 (Philosophy). No.144 (2020. 3) ,p.119142 Abstract Previous studies have shown that people use memory-based simple heuristics in many cases. For example, people use the familiarity heuristic in binary choice inferences, and their inferences based on the familiarity heuristic tend to be highly accurate. That is, by relying on the familiarity heuristic, people can make rational inferences. In the present study, I analyzed how memory constraints, such as forgetting and sensitivity to differences in familiarity, affected the rational use of the familiarity heuristic. In particular, I constructed a familiarity heuristic model based on ACT-R and examined ho memory constraints affected the rational use of the familiarity heuristic sing computer simulations. I found that forgetting boosted the accuracy of the familiarity heuristic, suggesting that the rationality of the familiarity heuristic is enhanced by the "negative" side of memory processes. It was also found that sensitivity to differences in familiarity was not critically related to the rational use of the familiarity heuristic, suggesting that people can take advantage of the rational aspect of the familiarity heuristic regardless of their sensitivity to differences in familiarity. Notes 特集 : 伊東裕司教授 退職記念号 寄稿論文 Genre Journal Article URL https://koara.lib. keio.ac. jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php? ko ara_id=AN00150430-00000144-0119
Characterising water treatment works performance using fluorescence spectroscopy

Organic matter (OM) in drinking water treatment is a common impediment responsible for increased coagulant and disinfectant dosages, formation of carcinogenic disinfection-by products (DBPs), and microbial re-growth in distribution system. The inherent heterogeneity of OM implies the utilization of advanced analytical techniques for its characterisation and assessment of removal efficiency. Here, the application of simple fluorescence excitation-emission (EEM) spectroscopy to OM characterisation in drinking water treatment was presented. Monthly raw and clarified water samples were obtained for 16 UK surface water treatment works. Fluorescence EEM spectroscopy was used for the assessment of total organic carbon (TOC) removal and OM characterisation. Fluorescence peak C intensity was found to be a sensitive and reliable measure of OM content and hence an indicator of DBPs presence. Fluorescence peak C emission wavelength and peak T intensity (reflecting the degree of hydrophobicity and the microbial fraction respectively) were found to characterise the OM; the impact of both on TOC removal efficiency was apparent. OM fluorescence properties were shown to predict TOC removal, and identify spatial and temporal variations. The simplicity, sensitivity, speed of analysis and low cost, combined with potential for incorporation into on-line monitoring systems, mean that fluorescence spectroscopy offers distinct advantages over other THM precursors characterisation techniques.
Estimation of Sideslip Angle and Tire Cornering Stiffness Using Fuzzy Adaptive Robust Cubature Kalman Filter

The accurate information of sideslip angle (SA) and tire cornering stiffness (TCS) is essential for advanced chassis control systems. However, SA and TCS cannot be directly measured by in-vehicle sensors. Thus, it is a hot topic to estimate SA and TCS with only in-vehicle sensors by an effective estimation method. In this article, we propose a novel fuzzy adaptive robust cubature Kalman filter (FARCKF) to accurately estimate SA and TCS. The model parameters of the FARCKF are dynamically updated using recursive least squares. A Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system is developed to dynamically adjust the process noise parameter in the FARCKF. Finally, the performance of FARCKF is demonstrated via both simulation and experimental tests. The test results indicate that the estimation accuracy of SA and TCS is higher than that of the existing methods. Specifically, the estimation accuracy of SA is at least improved by more than 48%, while the estimators of TCS are closer to the reference values.
Suffering bullying passively is to be excluded from humanity : You are not human unless you stand up for yourself

Two experiments were conducted in order to test whether suffering as a result of bullying affects the perceived humanness of the victims. We hypothesized that observers who are confronted with suffering and passive endurance of victimization will view victims as less than human. We propose a double dehumanization of victims, that is, denial of both their human uniqueness and human nature.We also hypothesized that victims’ defending themselves and deploying agency rather than passivity, has a humanizing effect on observers’ perceptions of the victims. Suffering was manipulated via vignettes describing bullying incidents experienced by both children and adult victims. Study 1 (N = 197) fully corroborated our first hypothesis. Study 2 (N = 164) replicated the findings of Study 1 and additionally showed that victims’ defense of themselves before harm-doers had a doubly humanizing effect on them (i.e., attribution of higher uniquely human but also human nature traits). These results provided support to our second hypothesis. Findings are discussed in terms of perceivers’ detachment from those who display passivity instead of agency in conditions that involve suffering.
A New Logic Topology-Based Scan Chain Stitching for Test-Power Reduction

A scan architecture is the most widely used for obtaining high test coverage in manufacturing tests. However, the recent increase in circuit size has caused the power consumption during scan testing to become higher than that in the functional mode. Thus, the reliability of scan testing has become a concern. In this brief, a new logic topology-based scan chain stitching method is proposed to reduce the test power. The proposed method uses the topology of logic circuits to analyze them without relying on specific test patterns. The proposed method is beneficial for reduction of both computation time and test power during testing with various test patterns. The method performs two processes to consider the shift-in and shift-out powers. The first process, logic topology-based scan partitioning, forms scan chains based on scan estimation value that estimates the shift-out data occurring in flip-flops. The second process, logic topology-based scan stitching, determines the order of the flip-flops by calculating the scan influence value, using which the proposed method can reduce the shift-in power by consolidating the care bit density in the test patterns. The experiments conducted on ISCAS’89 and ITC’99 benchmark circuits demonstrate that on average, the proposed method reduces the shift power by 28.36% compared with a previous logic topology-based scan chain stitching method.
Genetic linkage of multiple modifications in the pig

Gene editing techniques are increasing in their availability and ease of use. These techniques are an attractive alternative to conventional gene targeting methods via homologous recombination due to the ease of use and the efficiency of programmable nucleases. We have previously produced cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) knockout (KO) pigs in a Minnesota Miniature Pig genetic background. These pigs were generated by using Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) in combination with donor DNA containing a total length of homology of 1,600 bp (800 bp homology on each arm). An additional targeted disruption of GGTA1 was desired in the CMAH -/genetic background. We used this opportunity to evaluate the effect of donor DNA homology length on nuclease-mediated gene targeting. Initially we utilized ZFNs as a proof of concept to identify a correlation between the length of donor DNA homology and targeting efficiency by using the CMAH gene and then transitioned to Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) to generate bi-allelic
Probabilistic methods in spoken–dialogue systems

This paper presents a probabilistic framework for modelling spoken–dialogue systems. On the assumption that the overall system behaviour can be represented as a Markov decision process, the optimization of dialogue–management strategy using reinforcement learning is reviewed. Examples of learning behaviour are presented for both dynamic programming and sampling methods, but the latter are preferred. The paper concludes by noting the importance of user simulation models for the practical application of these techniques and the need for developing methods of mapping system features in order to achieve sufficiently compact state spaces.
Immunohistochemical investigation of the damage to and repair of myelin, and astrocyte activity in small ruminants resulting from with natural meningoencephalitic listeriosis

Meningoencephalitic listeriosis cesitli turlerde onemli bir bakteriyel hastaliktir. Hastaligin karakteristik ozelligi beyin sapi, orta beyin ve beyincikte gorulen mikroapselerdir. Hastalik sebebiyle merkezi sinir sisteminde meydana gelen hasarlar bircok acidan hala belirsizligini korumaktadir. Bu calismada, listeriozis ile dogal enfekte degisik yaslardaki kucuk ruminantlarin merkezi sinir sistemlerinde gorulen hasarin varligi, galaktoserebrosid (GAL-C), glial fibrilary asidik protein (GFAP) ve miyelin temel protein (MBP) gibi biyolojik belirteclerle arastirildi. Pons, medulla oblongata, colliculus rostralis, cerebellum, thalamus ve cornu ammonis gibi bolumler incelendi ve beyin hasarini gosteren MBP (P<0.01) ve GFAP (P<0.01) ile birlikte GAL-C (P<0.01) ekspresyonlarinin da arttigi goruldu. Bu calisma, meningoensefalitik listeriyozisdeki miyelin hasarinin onemli bir noropatolojik bulgu oldugunu gosterdi. Arastirmanin en belirgin bulgusu, miyelin hasari meydana gelirken rejenerasyonun da basladiginin gosterilmesidir
Statistical Optimisation of Fermentation Media for Novel Clostridium novyi -NT Using Response Surface Methodology.

Clostridial collagenase is recognized as one of the important proteolytic enzymes used in treatment of varieties of fibro-proliferative disorders. The present work aimed to optimise the biomass concentration and collagenase enzyme activity of novel bacilli Clostridium novyi-NT. The response surface methodology tool was used to identify the optimal fermentation parameters. Central composite design (CCD) was applied with respect to three influencing factors pH, proteose peptone and trypticase soya broth. These factors showed significant effect on the overall biomass concentration and collagenase enzyme activity (p<0.05). The maximum biomass concentration in terms of absorbance and collagenase activity (of crude enzyme) was achieved and recorded as 0.8309±0.0012 and 298.88±1.36 units/mg respectively after 22 hours of fermentation period while optimisation of media factors with help of response surface quadratic model. This is the first study to report maximum biomass concentration and collagenase activity by Clostridium novyi-NT till date by combining statistical designs.
The conserved mechanism of IcsA polar targeting among proteobacteria, characterization of the omptin family, and the roles and regulation of IcsP in Shigella flexneri

The Conserved Mechanism of IcsA Polar Targeting Among Proteobacteria, Characterization of the Omptin Family, and the Roles and Regulation of IcsP in Shigella flexneri by Eun-Hae Kim Dr. Helen J. Wing, Examination Committee Chair Assistant Professor of Life Sciences University o f Nevada, Las Vegas Shigella flexneri is a gram-negative intracellular pathogen that is a global health problem, causing severe bacillary dysentery. In the past 30 years, research has enabled us to have a better understanding of the molecular basis of Shigella pathogenesis. In this study, we further expand our knowledge of key determinants at molecular and cellular levels. This work is composed of four separate investigations. Firstly, we examined whether the elusive mechanism of protein targeting found in Shigella is conserved in three closely related y-proteobacterial families by using GPP fusions and microscopy. Our results indicate that the mechanism of protein localization to the bacterial pole was conserved in the species investigated. Secondly, we further characterized omptin proteins found in three pathogenic organisms: Shigella (IcsP), E. coli (OmpT), and Salmonella (PgtE). We addressed whether the LPS environment and/or the inherent amino acid differences in the surface loops and LPS binding motif affect the cleavage specificity of these proteases by introducing a known substrate into each of these strains and comparing cleavage patterns by western blot analysis. Our results
Understanding the variation in wood densities of trees and its implications for carbon assessments

Wood density is a key functional trait used to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) and carbon stocks. A common practice in forest AGB and carbon estimation is to substitute genus averages (across species with known wood densities) in cases where wood densities of particular species are unknown. However, the extent to which genus-level averages are reflective of species wood densities across tree genera is uncertain, and understanding this is critical for estimating the accuracy of carbon stock estimates. Using primary field data from India and secondary data from a published global dataset, we quantified the extent to which wood density varied among individuals within species (intraspecific variation) at the regional scale and among species within genera (interspecific variation) at regional to global scales. We used a published global database with wood density data for 7743 species belonging to 1741 genera. Linear models were used to compare the species values with the genera averages and the individual values with the species averages, respectively. To estimate the error associated with using genus-level averages for carbon stocks estimation, we compared genus values averaged at the global, old world and continental scales with species values from actually measured data. We also ran a simulation using vegetation data from a published database to calculate the estimation errors in a 1 hectare plot level when genera-averaged wood densities are used. Intraspecific variation was significantly lower than interspecific variation. Continental level genera averages led to estimates closer to the species values for the 10 genera for which most data on species was available. This was also evident from a comparison of genera averages at these three spatial scales with species values from our data. Species within certain ‘hypervarying’ genera showed relatively high levels of variation, irrespective of the spatial scale of the dataset used. The error in estimation of AGB when genera-averaged values were used for species wood densities was 0.35, 0.71 and 2.43% when 0, 10 and 25% of the girth of the trees in the simulated plot were from hypervariable genera. Our findings indicate that species values provide the most accurate estimates for individuals. Genus average wood density values at the continental scale provided more reliable estimates than those at larger spatial scales. The aboveground biomass estimation error when species wood densities were approximated to the genera-average values was 1.4 to 3.7 tonnes per ha when 10% and 25%, respectively, of the girth of trees was from species from hypervariable genera. Our findings indicate that regional or continental scale genera averages provide more reliable estimates than global data and we propose a method to identify hypervariable genera, for which species values rather than genera averages can provide better estimates of carbon stocks.
The geometry of habitat fragmentation: effects of distribution patterns on short-term species persistence

Land-use changes cause habitat loss and fragmentation and are thus important drivers of anthropogenic biodiversity change. However, there is an ongoing debate about how fragmentation per se affects biodiversity in a given amount of habitat. We illustrate why it is important to distinguish two different aspects of fragmentation to resolve this debate: (i) geometric fragmentation effects, which exclusively arise from the spatial distributions of species and habitat fragments, and (ii) demographic fragmentation effects due to reduced fragment size, increased isolation, or edge effects. While most empirical studies are primarily interested in quantifying demographic fragmentation effects, geometric effects are typically invoked only as post-hoc explanations of biodiversity responses to fragmentation per se. Here, we present an approach to quantify geometric fragmentation effects on species persistence probability. We illustrate this approach using spatial simulations where we systematically varied the initial abundances and distribution patterns (i.e. random, aggregated, and regular) of species as well as habitat amount and fragmentation per se. As expected, we found no geometric fragmentation effects when species were randomly distributed. However, when species were aggregated, we found positive effects of fragmentation per se on persistence probability for a large range of scenarios. For regular species distributions, we found weakly negative geometric effects. These findings are independent of the ecological mechanisms which generate non-random species distributions. Our study helps to reconcile seemingly contradictory results of previous fragmentation studies. Since intraspecific aggregation is a ubiquitous pattern in nature, our findings imply widespread positive geometric fragmentation effects. This expectation is supported by many studies that find positive effects of fragmentation per se on species occurrences and diversity after controlling for habitat amount. We outline how to disentangle geometric and demographic effects of fragmentation, which is critical for predicting the response of biodiversity to landscape change.
Analyzing Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Rural Farm Households’ Income in Case Southern Ethiopia

This study is an effort to determine the main determinants that affect farmers decision to adopt climate change mitigation practices and to assess the effect of climate change adaptation strategies on rural farm households’ income in case of Southern Ethiopia. The study used primary data which is collected by questionnaires distributed for 374 farm households in 2020. In analyzing the data, the researcher employed both binary logit and Ordinary Least Square econometric regression. Binary logit model is employed to assess the factors affecting farmers decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies in Southern Ethiopia and the Ordinary Least Square method is employed to know the effect of climate change adaptation strategies on rural farm households’ income. The study confirms that climate change adaptation strategy is found to be significant in boosting famers’ income level in the study area. Moreover, the main parameters that can affect farmers decision to mitigate climate change adaptation strategies are identified throughout the process. The implication is that local policy makers and the Zone’s agricultural bureau have to work more on creation of awareness for farmers about the importance of climate change adaptation strategies. Keywords: Climate change, adaptation strategies, household income. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-17-06 Publication date: September 30 th 2020