Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Modeling of Wind Turbines for Power System Studies

The power quality impact of wind turbines on the electric grid and the response of the wind turbines to faults in the electric grid are investigated in this thesis. A detailed model of a stall-regulated, fixed-speed wind turbine system capable of predicting the flicker impact on the connected grid is presented and compared with field measurements. The responses of fixed-speed and variable-speed wind turbine systems to faults in the electric grid are investigated and compared with field and laboratory measurements. Model structures suitable for grid fault response simulations of the fixed-speed and the variable-speed wind turbine systems are suggested. In the detailed model of the stall-regulated, fixed-speed system, the wind generation and the aerodynamic conversion are treated in two different ways. A detailed wind field simulation and an aerodynamic conversion based on wing properties are compared with a simplified approach that makes use of a single point wind simulation and the wind turbine power curve. A soft shaft representation is used for the description of the drive train, and the use of different generator model complexities is investigated. Results of the simulations are compared with field measurements and it is found that the measured grid voltage has a significant influence on the obtained results. The short circuit impedance angle of the connected grid has also a significant impact on the accuracy of the results. It is concluded that the grid fault response of the fixed-speed systems is mainly covered by the drive train and the generator dynamics. The aerodynamic conversion details are of little interest and do not need to be covered by the model structure in this case. Comparisons of measurements and simulations of the system responses to symmetric and asymmetric grid faults show good agreement. The fault response of variable-speed wind turbine systems is, to a high extent, influenced by the power electronic converters that are utilized in these systems. The response of the systems connected to the grid via a power electronic converter in the stator circuit is not treated in detail since the response is determined mainly by the power electronic converter control algorithm. The variable-speed system with a doubly fed induction generator is dealt with in more detail. It is found that the response of the system to smaller grid faults can be reproduced using the controlled generator description. Field measurements, as well as computer simulations, show poorly damped 50Hz oscillations in wind turbine outputs. It is concluded, however, that from the power system point of view this behavior is of negligible interest and the generator control description can be substituted with constant power source. The response of the doubly fed induction generator to more severe grid faults can be covered by the standard induction machine model initiated at a given operating point. Comparisons of measurements and simulations confirm this conclusion. i
Differential secretion of Dictyostelium discoideum proteinases

SUMMARY: Proteinases secreted by Dictyostelium discoideum myxamoebae during growth and starvation were analysed using three arginine-containing peptide nitroanilides as substrates. The enzymes were secreted differentially, both during growth and after resuspension of the myxamoebae in phosphate buffer. Secretion was stimulated by the addition of sucrose to starvation buffer, but this did not affect the type of proteinase released. Activity towards N-benzoyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide (BzPFRase activity) was released in large quantities, and over 80% of the total activity in starved suspensions was extracellular within 6 h of transfer to buffer containing sucrose. A smaller fraction of the total activity towards N-carbobenzoxy-L-arginyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide (ZRRase activity) was secreted. Extracellular activity towards N-carbobenzoxy-L-tyrosyl-L-lysyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide (ZYKRase) was either too low to be detected or present in quantities which were small enough to be accounted for by cell lysis. BzPFRase and ZRRase activities were both inactivated by E-64 and two peptidyldiazomethanes, specific inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. ZYKRase activity was also inhibited by peptidyldiazomethanes but E-64 was effective only at high concentrations. When electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing gelatin (gelatin-SDS-PAGE) was used to analyse the proteinases involved, one cysteine proteinase, ddCP42, correlated exactly with the secreted BzPFRase activity under all conditions, although contributions to this activity from other proteinases are also likely. Overall, the results demonstrate significant differences between individual proteinases with respect to secretion which suggests that their physiological roles may differ.
A new species of Proablepharus (Scincidae: Lygosominae) from Mt Surprise, north-eastern Queensland, Australia

Proablepharus barrylyoni sp. nov. is described from a single locality near Mt Surprise, north-eastern Queensland. It is distinguished from its congeners by the following character states: body longitudinally striped, four supraoculars, five supraciliaries, frontoparietals fused to interparietal, upper preocular well-developed, two postsupralabials, lamellae beneath digits of pes smoothly rounded. The species was last collected in 1981 and, using criteria prescribed in the Queensland Nature Conservation Act, Wildlife Regulation 1994, qualifies as Vulnerable.
MAGNETOPOLYMERS FOR EMI SUPPRESSION IN PORTABLE AND WIRELESS ELECTRONICS

The complex permeability spectra of ferrite −polymer composites have been measured in the freque ncy range 1 kHz − 1 GHz using short −circuit coaxial transmission line method and the ef fect of particle size and ferrite volume content wa s studied. The ferrite filler had the chemical composition Ni 0.276Zn0. 644Cu0.08Fe2O4 and was synthesized by means of a ceramic method a t 1200 °C/6 h in air. As the non −magnetic matrix, polyvinylchloride (PVC) polymer ha s been used. The frequency dispersion of permeabili ty was due to a resonance of oscillating domain walls and natural ferromagnetic resonance of precessing mag netic moments in domains. The permeability of composites seems to be strongly dependent on ferrite volume content and weakly on particle size. Based on the theoretical calculation of return loss ( RL), the quasi −microwave absorption properties of the ferrite −polymer composites have been investigated in the frequency range concerned. In t he developed single −layer EM−wave absorbers, the return loss as well as the matching thickness ( dm), matching frequency ( fm), and bandwidth for RL ≤ − 15 dB were affected by changes in ferrite particle size and volume content. The results indicate that the m agnetopolymers have significant potential for quasi −microwave absorption applications in mobile electronic industry.
Efeito da luz e da temperatura na germinação de sementes de quatro espécies de Xyris L. (Xyridaceae) ocorrentes na Serra do Cipó, MG, Brasil

As especies do genero Xyris sao tipicas de solos brejosos ou umidos, sendo bastante frequentes nos campos rupestres de Minas Gerais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o comportamento germinativo de sementes de X. cipoensis Smith & Downs, X. longiscapa A. Nilsson, X. platystachia A. Nilsson e X. trachyphylla Mart. sob diferentes condicoes de luz e temperatura. Os experimentos de germinacao foram realizados em câmaras de germinacao nas temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40oC, sob luz e escuro continuos, e nas alternâncias de 25-15, 30-15, 30-20, 35-15, 35-20 e 35-25oC, onde as temperaturas mais altas referem-se ao periodo de luz, sob fotoperiodo de 12 horas. As quatro especies de Xyris apresentam sementes pequenas e sensiveis a luz, com resposta nula de germinacao no escuro. As sementes de X. cipoensis germinaram em faixa mais estreita de temperatura (20 a 30oC), apresentando alta porcentagem de germinacao na temperatura constante de 20oC. A faixa de 15 a 30oC foi favoravel a germinacao das sementes de X. longiscapa, X. platystachia e X. trachyphylla, apresentando baixo percentual de germinacao a 15oC. As temperaturas alternantes nao favoreceram a germinacao em relacao as temperaturas constantes.
The basis of nonhost resistance for future genetic engineering to find out durable resistance in agricultural crops

Plant disease resistance is one of the most desirable traits for agricultural production, especially in the present time of fear over food production and crop security. Disease plays an important role in crop production and quality of products. The one key factor of food security and production is plant disease resistance. Several resistance gene(s) are reported from the same host range to overcome against disease resistance. These resistance (R) genes are not durable in many cases because of rapid changes in the pathogen population to overcome the resistance that they confer. For diagnosing such type of situation, continuous search of durable resistance sources from across the genera/species are desirable. Second type of resistance that is nonhost resistance has been described as inaccessibility. Nonhost resistance is regarded as a robust protection against pathogenic microorganisms because of its durability. The mechanisms of nonhost resistance could also be exploited to improve the resistance in a range of crop plants. Recently several components of nonhost resistance have been identified but such resistance is one of the least understood phenomenons in the area of plant microbe interaction. Molecular mechanism of nonhost resistance is not fully understood. Though, nonhost resistance will help biologist to engineer the plants for more durable resistance against important plant diseases. Therefore, non-host resistance seems to be one avenue under consideration for significant improvement of agriculture production in future.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Varieties of Housing Regime Approaches

Housing regimes are a key concept in comparative housing sociology. This issue of the online publication CHA contains seven articles which, in line with the publication’s aims, all contribute short outlines of original insights on this topic. The broader literature of housing regimes includes a variety of sometimes conflicting approaches, which poses a serious challenge. I would like to highlight five methodological/research problems which differentiate these theories/approaches: the problem of structure and agency; the extension of welfare regime theory to housing; whether housing regimes are to serve as a theory or a framework; the convergence versus divergence approach; the “time and scale” of regime theories. The writings in this special edition take different positions regarding these questions.
The Ecology of Heliothis Species in Relation to Agroecosystems

restricted geographic distribution (H. punctigera, H. viriplaca) or host range (H. assulta, H. peltigera) than the major pest species. This review is limited to H. armigera, H. zea, H. vires cens, and H. punctigera. The other species, though of local significance, do not consistently achieve damaging pop­ ulations and have only been subject to superficial ecological study (10 , 27, 67, 105, 135 , 179, 192). Other minor pest species occur in the African genus Heliocheilus but are not dealt with here (see 105a). As key pests of several agricultural and horticultural crops, the four species I have singled out for review have attracted an enormous volume of research work. Consequently, the literature on their ecology , biology and management is vast. Rather than attempt a comprehensive review of all facets of the biology and ecology of Heliothis spp. in agricultural systems, I concentrate on
Phragmites australis: Venturi- and humidity-induced pressure flows enhance rhizome aeration and rhizosphere oxidation

SUMMARY A Venturi-induced convection of gases through the Phragmites rhizome system is reported and the effects of this, and a humidity-induced convection previously described, are quantified. The Venturi-convection is driven by a pressure differential created by wind blowing across tall dead culms which sucks air into the underground system via culms snapped off close to ground level. The results demonstrate how wind, by increasing Venturi-induced convection, and how radiant energy, by increasing humidity-induced convection, raise the oxygen concentrations in the rhizome system, thereby causing much greater fluxes of oxygen into root and rhizosphere than are achieved if rhizome aeration is by diffusion alone. In laboratory experiments convective flow rates of as low as 0 7-1 4 x 10-8 m3 s-' (approx. 20-40 mm min-1 in the rhizome) were sufficient to raise rhizome oxygen concentrations to 90 % of atmospheric. The significance of this is discussed in connexion with pollutioni control by constructed wetlands, and photographic evidence is provided of the rhizosphere oxidizing activities in soil and anaerobic solution. A mathematical model is derived to help to evaluate the contributions of convection and diffusion in rhizome aeration, and to assess the likely effects of root and rhizosphere oxygen demands.
QOS improvement for multi-media traffic, using EDF -PSO - Hybrid scheduler in Layer-2 Of 4G Wireless downlink

: Abstract: Downlink schedulers in 4G networks need to allocate bandwidth for inputs of multiple classes of service and meet individual classes QoS requirements, which is a complex work. Conventional scheduling algorithms have limitations in providing best solutions in such vast set of solutions possible in such complex conditions in which high speed multi-media wireless networks operate. Proposed scheme namely, EDF-PSO Hybrid scheduler is a dynamic, channel aware and QoS aware, time-domain downlink scheduler, designed to work on IEEE 802.16e and 802.16m standards at MAC level. The proposed three stage EDF-PSO Hybrid scheduler consists of 1st stage of modified-EDF, 2nd stage of multi-objective PSO and final EDF rounds in that order. The performance metrics of Goodput, Packet delay and Packet Deadline Miss Ratio for real-time and non-real time connections are compared with existing best of class MAC downlink schedulers. The proposed EDF-PSO Hybrid scheduler out-performs the competing schedulers viz EDF, LWDF, FIFO and PSO comprehensively in the mentioned QoS performance metrics for both real and non-real time classes of service. It is able to maintain this best performance upto a traffic intensity of 0.9 and meet max packet deadline specifications excellently. This is simulated and tested for FDD mode of duplexing.
Real‐time quantification of the immune gene expression in rainbow trout fed different forms of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Whether it is better to use viable or non-viable probionts in aquaculture is still a matter of debate. In this study, the molecular immunomodulation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by viable or killed forms of the probiont Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136 was investigated. Three forms of this probiont: (1) heat-killed (HK), (2) live spray (LI) and (3) freeze-dried (FD) were incorporated into a basal (control) diet for rainbow trout O. mykiss. The LI and FD diets are referred to as viable diets. A rearing trial, in triplicate, was conducted for 30 days, with the control and probiotic diets as treatments. The cytokine genes such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), interferon (IFN) and immune gene Immunoglobulin (Ig) found in tissues from the kidney and spleen were assessed for their expression pattern by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The tested immune genes were up-regulated in the treatment groups, sometimes even in many folds like in the case of the Ig gene. The TNF gene was found to be highly (P<0.05) up-regulated (5000-fold) in groups fed both viable forms (LI, FD). With regard to the TGF-β gene, the spleen of the HK and FD groups showed significant up-regulation of 20- and 30-folds respectively. The IFN gene was up-regulated (P<0.05) in all treatments, but more in the viable diet treatments. Kidney and spleen tissues showed similar expression patterns, i.e. all of these genes were up-regulated more with the viable diets that with the control, and in most cases, the viable diets induced a higher expression of the immune genes than the HK diet.
T-SRP: TREE BASED STRENUOUS ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR CONGESTION AVOIDANCE IN IoT MEDICAL APPLICATION

— Now a days, the Internet of Things (IoT) plays the vital role of transferring the data through network without any human interaction. The creation of an effective IoT exploits the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the communication process. Basically, the WSN comprises of many independent sensors which acquire the data on the basis of different conditions. Meanwhile, transmitting a huge number of data through the gateway will leads to the congestion avoidance this creates a time delay and transmission loss problems. Moreover, the lifetime of the network depends on power consumption of sensors deployed in WSN. The construction of an energy efficient WSN in accordance with the dynamic operating conditions is the focus with the automatic configuration and reconfiguration abilities. This paper proposes an efficient Tree based strenuous Routing protocol (T-SRP) for selecting an optimal gateway. Initially, the inclusion of graph theory-based routing tree model collects the neighbor information to compute the optimal path in order to reach the Base Station (BS). The hierarchical tree structure on the basis of dynamicity in cluster formation predicts the optimal path that reduces the number of connections effectively. The reduction in a number of connections decreases the amount of power spent on the system. The tree based algorithm performs the clustering of sensor nodes (SNs) from the graph modeling and the node lies in centroid position is regarded as the Cluster Head (CH). The employment of Congestion Avoidance-Path (CA-P) algorithm selects the necessary gateway for the lossless transmission. The comparison between the proposed T-SRP with the existing protocols regarding the average residual energy, Packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput and end-to-end delay assures the effectiveness of T-SRPin IoT applications.
Growth and development at cold-hardening temperatures. Chloroplast ultrastructure, pigment content, and composition

Chloroplast ultrastructure, pigment content, and composition were investigated during growth of 'Puma' rye at warm and cold-hardening temperatures. Cytological characteristics of leaf mesophyll cells were altered upon growth at cold-hardening temperatures as indicated by an apparent increase in the amount of cytoplasm. Univacuolate and multivacuolate mesophyll cells were found in leaves from cold-hardened plants, but only univacuolate mesophyll cells were found in leaves from warm-grown plants. Chloroplast ultrastructure was affected by growth at low temperature as indicated by a higher frequency of smaller granal stacks. However, there was no significant difference in the number of grana per chloroplast in mesophyll cells from either warm- or cold-grown plants. Chlorophyll per plastid increased by a factor of 1.67 upon growth at cold-hardening temperatures, as did β-carotene and the xanthophylls. However, there was no significant difference in photosynthetic unit size based on P700 measurements between c.
Gap Light Regimes Influence Canopy Tree Diversity

In old-growth deciduous forests of the eastern United States, where light levels beneath intact canopies are about 1% of full sunlight (Canham 1988b), gaps result in locally elevated light levels. Such increases in light appear necessary for almost all tree species to attain canopy status (e.g., Barden 1980, Runkle 1981, Canham 1989). While patterns and mechanisms of replacement among the two species most often codominant in these forests, American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), have been intensively studied (Cain 1935, Fox 1977, Woods 1979, Donnelly 1986, Canham 1988a), relationships among rates and types of treefall, variability in light levels, and species' responses have not been studied. We have studied populations of tree species in one old-growth Eastern deciduous forest (Warren Woods, Michigan, USA) for the past 15 yr. We have followed the more abundant canopy species under different spatial and temporal patterns of increased light levels associated with different rates of gap formation (Poulson and Platt 1981, 1988, unpublished manuscript). Here we summarize our results to show how size and compass orientation of gaps determine light regimes and how light regimes interact with sapling architecture to influence the diversity of species that reach the canopy. We contrast small, isolated treefalls with small, overlapping treefalls and contrast small, overlapping gaps oriented north-south (N-S) with those oriented eastwest (E-W). In addition, we describe patterns to zonation of species in large, multiple treefalls. We conclude our essay by discussing how changes in latitude influence gap light regimes and, hence, replacement patterns of canopy trees in temperate and tropical forests.
Effect of Some Natural Organic Additives on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Pollutant – Chlorella Vulgaris Beijer

In this study, effect of some natural organic additives such as ascorbic acid (vitamins C) and thiamine (vitamin B1) on the growth criteria, total photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis (O2-evolution), dark respiration (Dark O2-uptake) and total carbohydrates of pollutant-Chlorella vulgaris Beijer cultures for 7 days incubation. Thus, the growth parameters (cell count and dry weight), total photosynthetic pigments, O2-evolution and various carbohydrate fractions (Soluble, insoluble and total carbohydrates) of pollutant-Chlorella vulgaris Beijer were significantly increased, when the algal culture subjected to the lower levels of ( 2 and 4 ppm ) of either CoCl2 or NiCl2 only. Thereabove, all these parameters content were significantly decreased, when the algal culture subjected to the higher levels of (6 and 8 ppm) of either CoCl2 or NiCl2 only. However, O2-uptake was significantly decreased when the algal culture subjected to the lower levels of (2 and 4 ppm) of either CoCl2 or NiCl2 only. When Chlorella vulgaris Beijer subjected to the various levels of heavy metals (2,4,6 and 8 ppm ) of both CoCl2 and NiCl2 and treated with 200 ppm of vitamins applied (ascorbic acid and thiamine), the growth parameters (cell count and dry weight), total photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and carbohydrate fractions (Insoluble and total carbohydrates) were significantly increased, when the algal culture subjected to different levels (2,4,6 and 8 ppm) of CoCl2 and NiCl2 only. All these parameters content were compared with that those of the control cultures. On the other side, the respiration rate and soluble carbohydrates content of Chlorella vulgaris were significantly decreased, when the algal cultures subjected to the various levels of heavy metals (2,4,6 and 8 ppm ) both CoCl2 and NiCl2 and treated with 200 ppm of applied vitamins ( both ascorbic acid and thiamine). Key word: Chlorella vulgaris, growth criteria, photosynthetic oxygen evolution, dark O2-uptake, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and thiamine (vitamin B1).
Personal Correlates of Leadership and Implications for HRM Practice

The aim of this paper is to identify personal correlates of leadership. Leadership is operationally defined using nine indicators: vision, motivation, innovativeness, drive for leadership, effective communication, teamwork, authority, positive mental attitude and respect for others. Personality traits are identified using the NEO PI R test, as a measure of the five major domains: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. A positive correlation between leadership and emotional stability has been identified. This finding may have implications for the process of selection of leaders in different fields, as well as in the process of educating leaders according to their specific profiles.