Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Presentation of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a Community Sample of Adolescents

The current study sought to explore sex differences in the presentation of probable full-syndrome and subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adolescents from an Australian community sample. Specifically, it examined sex differences in the types of BDD symptoms endorsed, body areas of concern, and the association with elevated symptoms of comorbid disorders. In male participants, it also compared the presenting features of those with and without muscle dysmorphia. Of 3,149 adolescents assessed using self-report questionnaires, 162 (5.1%) reported probable BDD (57.4% male, M age = 14.89 years, SD = 1.33, primarily from Oceanian or European cultural backgrounds). All participants completed measures of BDD symptoms; past mental health service use; and symptoms of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. Male participants completed additional measures of quality of life, drive for muscularity, hyperactivity, conduct disorder, peer problems, and emotional symptoms. Controlling for demographic variables that varied by sex, male and female participants reported similar BDD symptom severity, rates of most elevated comorbid symptoms, and mental health service use. Concerns regarding muscularity, breasts/nipples, and thighs differed by sex. Female participants were more likely than male participants to report elevated generalized anxiety symptoms. In male participants, muscle dysmorphia was not associated with greater severity across most measures. The presenting features of BDD were broadly similar in male and female participants, and in male participants with and without muscle dysmorphia. Future research should seek to increase mental health service use in adolescents with BDD and to improve rates of disorder detection in clinical settings.
Transformation de modèles d'agents dans la méthode ADELFE. Des stéréotypes de conception à l'implémentation

In this paper, we present a cooperative agent model used by the ADELFE method to design adaptive multi-agent systems. This method is based on object-oriented and agent-oriented process (Rational unified process) and notations (UML and AUML). From the static viewpoint, agents are described as classes, the structure of which is constrained by using stereotypes with a strong semantic on the accessibility to the different modules composing a cooperative agent. From the dynamic viewpoint, communications between agents are specified using AUML protocol diagrams. The functional and structural agent model can therefore easily lead to code generation, and then fill the gap between design and implementation phases, as proposed in the MDA (model driven architecture) framework.
Microtubules and associated molecular motors in Neurospora crassa

The cytoskeleton provides structure, shape and movement to various cells. Microtubules (MTs) are tubular structures made of α and β-tubulin heterodimers organized in 13 protofilaments, forming a hollow cylinder. A vast group of MT-associated proteins determines the function, behavior and interaction of the MTs with other cellular components. Among these proteins, molecular motors such as the dynein-dynactin complex and kinesin superfamily play roles in MT organization and organelle transport. This article focuses on the MT cytoskeleton and associated molecular motors in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. In addition to reviewing current available information for this fungus and contrasting it with knowledge of other fungal species, we present new experimental results that support the role of dynein, dynactin and conventional kinesin in MT organization, dynamics and transport of subcellular structures (nuclei and secretory vesicles). In wild type hyphae of N. crassa, cytoplasmic MTs are arranged longitudinally along hyphae and display a helical curvature. They interlace with one another to form a network throughout the cytoplasm. N. crassa dynein and dynactin mutants have a scant and disorganized MT cytoskeleton, an erratic and reduced Spitzenkörper (Spk) and distorted hyphal morphology. In contrast, hyphae of mutants with defective conventional kinesin exhibit only minor disruptions in MT and Spk organization. Although nuclear positioning is affected in all mutants, the MT-associated motor proteins are not major contributors to nuclear movement during hyphal growth. Cytoplasmic bulk flow is the vehicle for nuclear displacement in growing hyphal regions of N. crassa. Motors are involved in nuclei saltatory movements in both retrograde or anterograde direction. In the dynein and kinesin mutants, micro and macrovesicles can reach the Spk, although growth is slightly impaired and the Spk displays an erratic path. Hyphal growth requires MTs, and their associated motors are required for their organization and dynamics and Spk integrity.
Human colorectal cancer cells induce T-cell death through release of proapoptotic microvesicles: role in immune escape.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Normal and neoplastic cells release microvesicles, whose effects on the immune system still need to be elucidated. Because human colorectal cancer cells are hypothesized to escape immune recognition by expressing proapoptotic molecules, we investigated whether microvesicles bearing Fas ligand and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and inducing apoptosis of activated T cells are secreted by colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in affected patients. METHODS Fas ligand and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression were analyzed in colorectal cancer cells and purified microvesicles by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunoelectron microscopy. Microvesicle tumor origin was assessed through simultaneous detection of lysosomal (CD63) and adenocarcinoma (carcinoembryonic antigen) markers. Proapoptotic activity of microvesicles was evaluated by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and caspase activation in T cells, including CD8+ T lymphocytes from colorectal cancer patients. RESULTS Colorectal cancer cells showed a granular pattern of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and Fas ligand expression, suggesting a secretory behavior. These proapoptotic molecules were detected on isolated microvesicles, together with class I HLA, CD63, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Microvesicles induced Fas ligand-mediated and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis of activated CD8+ T cells generated from colorectal cancer patients. Microvesicles with comparable phenotypes and functions were found in plasma from patients with advanced disease, whereas vesicular structures expressing Fas ligand and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand were also detected in colorectal cancer specimens. CONCLUSIONS These data show that colorectal cancer induces T-cell apoptosis through the release of Fas ligand-bearing and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-bearing microvesicles both in vitro and in vivo. This mechanism of immune escape has potential implications as a prognostic factor and could be targeted for the development of new antitumor therapies in colorectal cancer patients.
Altered pulmonary surfactant in uncomplicated and septicemia-complicated courses of acute respiratory failure.

Pulmonary surfactant, which is crucial for alveolar stability, may also be involved in endogenous defense mechanisms of the lungs. Thus, alterations in pulmonary surfactant may promote infections, including pneumonia and septicemia. Because patients who have acute respiratory failure often develop pneumonia, thus septicemia, we investigated when surfactant is altered in these patients and whether there is a specific pattern of changes in surfactant phospholipid composition associated with septicemia in these patients. To answer these questions, we determined the phospholipid content and composition in lung washings obtained from alveolar sites (by bronchoalveolar lavage) and from tracheal sites (by aspiration). Both techniques were performed serially over a period of 18 days in 30 patients who had acute respiratory failure resulting from polytrauma, 18 of whom developed septicemia caused by pneumonia. We found that in lung washings obtained from the alveolar sites from all patients, the phosphatidylglycerol content was decreased and the phosphatidylinositol content was increased as early as 6 hr after trauma and normalized during recovery of the patients. In addition, alveolar phosphatidylcholine content was decreased 24 hr after trauma. In patients who developed septicemia during the observation time, but not in patients who had uncomplicated courses of acute respiratory failure, the concentrations of alveolar phosphatidylethanolamine (normally 4.8% of total phospholipids) and alveolar phosphatidylcholine (normally 62.8%) both approached the proportions found in the trachea (phosphatidylethanolamine 33.4%, phosphatidylcholine 35.6%), suggesting that surfactant phospholipid pool size had progressively decreased. Our results indicate that in patients who have acute respiratory failure, pulmonary surfactant is altered very early, and that when septicemia complicates the course of acute respiratory failure, the surfactant phospholipid pool size decreases progressively. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
lodGWAS: a software package for genome-wide association analysis of biomarkers with a limit of detection

UNLABELLED Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a biomarker is complicated when the assay procedure of the biomarker is restricted by a Limit of Detection (LOD). Those observations falling outside the LOD cannot be simply discarded, but should be included into the analysis by applying an appropriate statistical method. However, the problem of LOD in GWAS analysis of such biomarkers is usually overlooked. 'lodGWAS' is a flexible, easy-to-use R package that provides a simple and elegant way for GWAS analysis of such biomarkers while simultaneously accommodating the problem of LOD by applying a parametric survival analysis method. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lodGWAS CONTACTS: a.vaez@umcg.nl or i.m. nolte@umcg.nl SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: The Next Frontier

Frontal lobe epilepsy, the great new epileptological challenge, presents enormous difficulties that still preclude a more profound understanding at the present time. The major subdivision of the frontal lobe into a prefrontal and premotor portion is the first step toward a better and yet limited comprehension of the frontal lobe epilepsies. Prefrontal implies higher mental functions (e.g., ictal forced thinking); rapid generalization to full grand mal evolves quite often from prefrontal foci. The frontal accentuation of classical generalized 3/sec spike-wave absences adds to the conceptual difficulties of the frontal lobe epilepsies. The unique type of disturbed consciousness in classical absences is presumed to be based upon ictal "suspension of the working memory. " Limbic components (via orbitofrontal and cingulate mechanisms) also play an important role. Correlations between ictal semiologies and regional frontal lobe functions are still quite controversial.
Non-overlapping multi-camera object tracking algorithm and system design

In this paper, we propose a non-overlapping multi-camera object tracking method, which contains two methods, the color correction for multi-camera and the topology of the camera. The color correction for multi-camera can reduce the effect of chromatic aberration and different light source between the cameras. The topology of the camera can improve the efficiency and accuracy of object identification. The proposed method has been tested through a wide range of experimental databases. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the performance of non-overlapping multi-camera object tracking system.
Machine Translation Infrastructure and Post-editing Performance at Autodesk

In this paper, we present the Moses-based infrastructure we developed and use as a productivity tool for the localisation of software documentation and user interface (UI) strings at Autodesk into twelve languages. We describe the adjustments we have made to the machine translation (MT) training workflow to suit our needs and environment, our server environment and the MT Info Service that handles all translation requests and allows the integration of MT in our various localisation systems. We also present the results of our latest post-editing productivity test, where we measured the productivity gain for translators post-editing MT output versus translating from scratch. Our analysis of the data indicates the presence of a strong correlation between the amount of editing applied to the raw MT output by the translators and their productivity gain. In addition, within the last calendar year our system has processed over thirteen million tokens of documentation content of which we have a record of the performed post-editing. This has allowed us to evaluate the performance of our MT engines for the different languages across our product portfolio, as well as spotlight potential issues with MT in the localisation process.
Concentration of coliphages from large volumes of water and wastewater

Membrane filter adsorption-elution technology has been extensively used for the concentration and detection of animal viruses from large volumes of water. This study describes the development of positively charged microporous filters (Zeta Plus) for the concentration of coliphages from large volumes of water and wastewater. Four different coliphages were studied: MS-2, phi X174, T2, and T4. Positively charged microporous filters were found to efficiently adsorb these coliphages from tap water, sewage, and lake water at neutral pH. Adsorbed viruses were eluted with a 1:1 mixture of 8% beef extract and 1 M sodium chloride at pH 9. Using this method, coliphages could be concentrated from 17-liter volumes of tap water with recoveries ranging from 34 to 100%. Coliphages occurring naturally in raw and secondarily treated sewage were recovered with average efficiencies of 56.5 and 55.0%, respectively. This method should be useful in isolation of rare phages, the ecology of phages in natural waters, and the evaluation of water quality.
Comparative study of the impact of the actin cytoskeleton on cell shape and membrane surface in mammalian cells in response to actin toxins

We performed a correlative epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy study of the morphological alterations, both in the actin cytoskeleton organization and in the cellular shape and surface morphology of HeLa, NRK and Vero cells, caused by a variety of actin toxins. To this end, we used actin toxins that depolymerize (cytochalasin D, latrunculin B, and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin) or stabilize (jasplakinolide) filamentous actin. By immunofluorescence we observed that the resulting actin cytoskeleton alterations were cell typeand toxin-dependent. Analysis of the cell shape and membrane surface by scanning electron microscopy also showed that the actin disruption produced variable changes depending on the cell type and the actin toxin used. Therefore, our results indicate that actin directly participates both in the maintenance of cell shape and in membrane surface morphology, revealing significant differences depending on the actin toxin and cell type involved.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions in a multicenter clinical trial: results from the radiologic diagnostic oncology group V.

PURPOSE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographically (US) and stereotactically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS At 18 institutions, 442 women who underwent 22-25-gauge imaging-guided FNAB were enrolled. Definitive surgical, core-needle biopsy, and/or follow-up information was available for 423 (95.7%) of these women. The reference standard was established from additional clinical and imaging information for an additional six (1.4%) women who did not undergo further histopathologic evaluation. The FNAB protocol was standardized at all institutions, and all specimens were reread by one of two expert cytopathologists. RESULTS When insufficient samples were included in the analysis and classified as positive, the sensitivity and specificity of FNAB were 85%-88% and 55.6%-90.5%, respectively; accuracy ranged from 62.2% to 89.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAB was significantly better for detection of masses than for detection of calcifications (67.3% vs. 53.8%, P =.006) and with US guidance than with stereotactic guidance (77.2% vs. 58.9%; P =.002). CONCLUSION FNAB of nonpalpable breast lesions has limited value given the high insufficient sample rate and greater diagnostic accuracy of other interventions, including core-needle biopsy and needle-localized open surgical biopsy.
Investigations on the feasibility of Romanian pine bark wastes conversion into a value-added sorbent for Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions

The batch sorption capability of Romanian pine bark for the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from diluted aqueous solutions was investigated as a function of initial pH, contact time, and temperature. The metal sorption sequence is Cu > Zn. The experimental data for Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions retention on the tested bark of Pinus sylvestris L. showed a better compliance with the pseudo–second order kinetic model. The values of the maximum capacity of sorption, determined on the basis of the Langmuir isotherm model, are 14.7 mg g-1 and 13.01mg g-1 (at 200C) for Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively. The computed thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneous and endothermic nature of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions sorption process by pine bark. The obtained results suggest that Romanian pine bark is a promising material for the development of a low–cost sorption technology for the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous streams.
Chest X-Ray appearance of total opacification of the hemithorax following central venous line insertion: A cautionary tale

Introduction: central venous line insertion is associated with significant complications. Procedural complications relating to lung injury is relatively common, and these may require tube thoracostomy for management. Although a postprocedure chest X-ray is routinely undertaken in many centers, erroneous interpretation can lead to potentially incorrect and unnecessary further intervention. case report: We report a case of a 25-year-old male who had a central venous line inserted, with the chest X-ray appearance of a massive opacification of the hemithorax misdiagnosed as a hemothorax and planned tube thoracostomy. It was subsequently confirmed as a complete pulmonary collapse caused by a large mucus plug with obstruction of the main
Adding efficiency: The role of the CAN ion channels TRPM4 and TRPM5 in pancreatic islets

Insulin secretion in β-pancreatic cells after glucose stimulation requires the concerted action of a number of different ion channels. The main players seem to be the ATP sensitive K+ (KATP-) channels, and voltage gated ion channels that drive Ca2+ influx into β-cells. Recently two calcium activated nonselective (CAN) cation channels (TRPM4 and TRPM5) have been shown to influence efficient insulin response upon glucose stimulation. This addendum summarizes the data known for these two TRP channels in β-cells, discusses some of the remaining open questions and addresses a possible scenario that involves and integrates the triggering and amplifying pathway of glucose mediated insulin secretion.
The Dendritic Cell-Specific Adhesion Receptor DC-SIGN Internalizes Antigen for Presentation to T Cells1

Dendritic cells (DCs) capture Ags or viruses in peripheral tissue to transport them to lymphoid organs to induce cellular T cell responses. Recently, a DC-specific C-type lectin was identified, DC-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), that functions as cell adhesion receptor mediating both DC migration and T cell activation. DC-SIGN also functions as an HIV-1R that captures HIVgp120 and facilitates DC-induced HIV transmission of T cells. Internalization motifs in the cytoplasmic tail of DC-SIGN hint to a function of DC-SIGN as endocytic receptor. In this study we demonstrate that on DCs DC-SIGN is rapidly internalized upon binding of soluble ligand. Mutating a putative internalization motif in the cytoplasmic tail reduces ligand-induced internalization. Detailed analysis using ratio fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy showed that DC-SIGN-ligand complexes are targeted to late endosomes/lysosomes. Moreover, ligands internalized by DC-SIGN are efficiently processed and presented to CD4+ T cells. The distinct pattern of expression of C-type lectins on DCs in situ and their nonoverlapping Ag recognition profile hint to selective functions of these receptors to allow a DC to recognize a wide variety of Ags and to process these to induce T cell activation. These data point to a novel function of the adhesion receptor DC-SIGN as an efficient DC-specific Ag receptor that can be used as a target to induce viral and antitumor immunity.
Mortality in Diastolic Heart Failure: An Update

In 2003, the prevalence of heart failure in the United States was 5 million persons. Although historically at least one-third of these patients were considered to have diastolic heart failure (DHF) or “heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,” contemporary cohort studies have shown that the prevalence of DHF in the community is not only higher than previously thought, but is actually rising. The increasing prevalence of this disorder has been attributed, in part, to the increasing mean age of the population and a progressive increase in the prevalence of associated risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. New data suggest that mortality from DHF is high, if not equivalent, to that of systolic heart failure. For example, 2 recent retrospective studies found that the for 1 year all-cause mortality after an admission for DHF was 22% and 29%. Additional results from the Cardiovascular Health Study suggest that despite marginal differences in mortality rates, DHF has a greater attributable mortality rate because there are greater numbers of patients with HF with normal ejection fraction. Several important conclusions should be drawn from these data. One, the prevalence of DHF is high and is increasing. Second, the associated mortality is high, and comparable to systolic heart failure. Finally, efforts to reduce the prevalence of risk factors for DHF should be redoubled, and prospective clinical trials should be designed to help us better understand the pathophysiology and treatment of this disorder.