Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in Intravascular Ultrasound Measurement Values Between Treatment Modalities for Restenosis in Femoropopliteal Lesions.

BACKGROUND The risk of restenosis after intervention is higher in femoropopliteal than in aortoiliac lesions. However, the appropriate endovascular therapy (EVT) for preventing restenosis after intervention for femoropopliteal lesions remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between lesion characteristics and patency after EVT using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measurement and to determine the predictors of restenosis on IVUS.Methods and Results:This prospective observational study was performed at 18 Japanese centers. We evaluated the lesion characteristics before and after EVT for femoropopliteal lesion using IVUS. Angiographic or duplex ultrasound follow-up was performed at 1 year after EVT. A total of 263 lesions underwent EVT between December 2016 and December 2017. In total, 20 lesions (8 cases of isolated common femoral artery lesion and 12 cases of restenosis lesion) were excluded, and 243 lesions were enrolled in this study. A total of 181 lesions were treated with stent placement, and 62 lesions were treated only with balloon angioplasty. In the case of stent use, a larger distal plaque burden was associated with restenosis, while a lower calcification angle was associated with higher patency in the case of balloon angioplasty alone. CONCLUSIONS The factors related to patency differed depending on the treating modality. The findings suggest that IVUS is a useful tool for predicting patency because it can provide a more accurate evaluation after EVT for femoropopliteal lesions.
Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risks Due to Inherited Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2

Risks of breast and ovarian cancer were determined for Ashkenazi Jewish women with inherited mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. We selected 1008 index cases, regardless of family history of cancer, and carried out molecular analysis across entire families. The lifetime risk of breast cancer among female mutation carriers was 82%, similar to risks in families with many cases. Risks appear to be increasing with time: Breast cancer risk by age 50 among mutation carriers born before 1940 was 24%, but among those born after 1940 it was 67%. Lifetime risks of ovarian cancer were 54% for BRCA1 and 23% for BRCA2 mutation carriers. Physical exercise and lack of obesity in adolescence were associated with significantly delayed breast cancer onset.
Neural Stem Cells from Mammalian Brain: Isolation Protocols and Maintenance Conditions

First evidences come from the demonstration of neurogenesis in non-mammal vertebrates such as birds or lizards (as reviewed in Garcia-Verdugo et al., 2002). Neurogenesis was also confirmed to occur in adult mammals, like mice and rats, and, finally, in primates and humans (for a complete revision see Gil-Perotin et al., 2009). Though the process of neurogenesis in the adult is primarily confined to the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, glial progenitors exist in other brain regions. These widespread glial progenitors remain quiescent and do not generate mature glial cells, but, in certain situations such as traumatic injury, they may act as true stem cells (Belachew et al., 2003; Rivers et al., 2008).
Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation‐induced matrix degradation – a review

Inflammation and the resulting accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the intrinsic and photoaging of human skin in vivo. Environmental insults such as ultraviolet (UV) rays from sun, cigarette smoke exposure and pollutants, and the natural process of aging contribute to the generation of free radicals and ROS that stimulate the inflammatory process in the skin. UV irradiation initiates and activates a complex cascade of biochemical reactions in human skin. In short, UV causes depletion of cellular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase), initiates DNA damage leading to the formation of thymidine dimmers, activates the neuroendocrine system leading to immunosuppression and release of neuroendocrine mediators, and causes increased synthesis and release of pro‐inflammatory mediators from a variety of skin cells. The pro‐inflammatory mediators increase the permeability of capillaries leading to infiltration and activation of neutrophils and other phagocytic cells into the skin. The net result of all these effects is inflammation and free radical generation (both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species). Furthermore, elastsases and other proteases (cathepsin G) released from neutrophils cause further inflammation, and activation of matrix metalloproteases. The inflammation further activates the transcription of various matrixes degrading metalloproteases, leading to abnormal matrix degradation and accumulation of non‐functional matrix components. In addition, the inflammation and ROS cause oxidative damage to cellular proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, which accumulates in the dermal and epidermal compartments, contributing to the aetiology of photoaging. Strategies to prevent photodamage caused by this cascade of reactions initiated by UV include: prevention of UV penetration into skin by physical and chemical sunscreens, prevention/reduction of inflammation using anti‐inflammatory compounds (e.g. cyclooxygenase inhibitors, inhibitors of cytokine generation); scavenging and quenching of ROS by antioxidants; inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity to prevent extracellular matrix damage and activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), and inhibition of MMP expression (e.g. by retinoids) and activity (e.g. by natural and synthetic inhibitors).
Multi-zone mine valuation using modern asset pricing (real options) techniques

The project structure models used within the modern asset pricing (MAP; also called real options) valuation framework often rely on a few fixed production plans to represent the many production strategies that management may choose from. These models may be extended to include global forms of project flexibility, such as temporary closure of the full project, or choices between competing production plans, such as those made within a project decision-tree. However, many project structures allow more production strategies than currently published MAP models would suggest. Mine valuation exercises are particularly vulnerable to restrictions on the number of production plans since they often consist of multiple zones that differ by quality (mineral concentration), size and spatial orientation. These zones increase the number of possible production strategies because they allow management to consider strategies that reflect the multi-zoned nature of mineral deposits such as the temporary closure, or the delayed development, of less attractive zones. This dissertation proposes a model of project structure, called the Flexible Discrete Mine Production (FDMP) model, for use within the MAP valuation framework. The different zones within a mineral resource project are explicitly recognized and assigned a fixed development and production profile. Management operates the project for discrete intervals by choosing, at the start of each interval, an operating mode from a set of competing operating modes. Each mode specifies the combination of zones that will be active and the amount of mineral processing capacity that is built, abandoned or temporarily closed during the next period. Constraints may be placed on the choice of operating mode because of geological structure, reserve depletion or capacity restrictions. The FDMP model is demonstrated with a MAP valuation of a stylized two-zone mine in which management must decide between competing development strategies for a satellite low-grade zone, given that current operations are focused on a developed high-grade zone. One strategy, production expansion (parallel development), combines the early development of the low-grade zone with the expansion of project mineral processing facilities. The other strategy, production replacement (sequential development), delays development of the low-grade zone until the high-grade zone reserves are exhausted. The model is run in both reverting and non-reverting mineral price environments and the results are compared to three high-grade and low-grade zone Set Production Plans (SPP; high-grade zone
Spontaneous involution of a non‐optic astrocytoma in neurofibromatosis type I: serial magnetic resonance imaging evaluation

A patient with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) was followed‐up with serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies over a period of 6 years. A contrast‐enhancing lesion of the internal capsule, histologically proven to be pilocytic astrocytoma through stereotactic brain biopsy with mass effect and associated edema, was detected to reveal spontaneous involution on follow‐up MRI studies. Although spontaneous regression of gliomas of the optic pathway‐hypothalamus in patients with NF1 is relatively common in the literature, spontaneous involution of non‐optic (i.e. areas other than optic pathways and hypothalamus) gliomas is rarely reported. Conservative management with follow‐up MRI studies should be considered for non‐optic glial tumors and tumor‐like masses in patients with NF1, and surgical treatment should not be considered unless the lesions exhibit a rapid or unrelenting growth on serial MRI studies or produce significant clinical deterioration.
The relation of socioeconomic factors and racial/ethnic differences in US asthma mortality.

OBJECTIVES This study described relations between socioeconomic factors and race/ethnicity as risk factors for asthma mortality. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of US mortality records from 1991 through 1996. RESULTS Higher standardized mortality ratios were seen for Blacks vs Whites (3.34 vs 0.65), low vs high educational level (1.51 vs 0.69), and low vs high income (1.46 vs 0.71). Excess mortality for Blacks vs Whites was present in the highest and lowest quintiles of median county income and educational level. The disparity in asthma mortality rates according to median county income and education remained after control for race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Black race/ethnicity appears to be associated, independently from low income and low education, with an elevated risk for asthma mortality.
Nr‐CAM expression in the developing mouse nervous system: Ventral midline structures, specific fiber tracts, and neuropilar regions

Nr‐CAM is a member of the L1 subfamily of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. To explore the role of Nr‐CAM in the developing nervous system, we prepared specific antibodies against both chick and mouse Nr‐CAM using recombinant Fc fusion proteins of chick Nr‐CAM and mouse Nr‐CAM, respectively. First, we show the specificity of the new anti‐chick Nr‐CAM antibody compared with a previously employed antibody using the expression patterns of Nr‐CAM in the chick spinal cord and floor plate and on commissural axons, where Nr‐CAM has been implicated in axon guidance. Using the anti‐mouse Nr‐CAM antibody, we then studied the expression patterns of Nr‐CAM in the developing mouse nervous system along with the patterns of two related CAMs, L1, which labels most growing axons, and TAG‐1, which binds to Nr‐CAM and has a more restricted distribution. Major sites that are positive for Nr‐CAM are specialized glial formations in the ventral midline, including the floor plate in the spinal cord, the hindbrain and midbrain, the optic chiasm, and the median eminence in the forebrain. Similar to what is seen in the chick spinal cord, Nr‐CAM is expressed on crossing fibers as they course through these areas. In addition, Nr‐CAM is found in crossing fiber pathways, including the anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and posterior commissure, and in nondecussating pathways, such as the lateral olfactory tract and the habenulointerpeduncular tract. Nr‐CAM, for the most part, is colocalized with TAG‐1 in all of these systems. Based on in vitro studies indicating that the Nr‐CAM‐axonin‐1/TAG‐1 interaction is involved in peripheral axonal growth and guidance in the spinal cord [Lustig et al. ( 1999 ) Dev Biol 209:340–351; Fitzli et al. ( 2000 ) J Cell Biol 149:951–968], the expression patterns described herein implicate a role for this interaction in central nervous system axon growth and guidance, especially at points of decussation. Nr‐CAM also is expressed in cortical regions, such as the olfactory bulb. In the hippocampus, however, TAG‐1‐positive areas are segregated from Nr‐CAM‐positive areas, suggesting that, in neuropilar regions, Nr‐CAM interacts with molecules other than TAG‐1. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:13–28, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SYNONYMIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ESTONIAN SIMILES RELATED TO THE CONCEPT KIIRESTI

The article discusses a small number of Estonian similes connected with the concept kiiresti (’quickly’, ’fast’), used to describe physical bodily movement as well as mental movement associated with cognition. Most of the analysed similes characterise dynamic progressive or non-progressive situations; the relationship between the progress of a situation and viewpoint, expressed in these similes, may be defined or undefined. Most of these phrases are understood through metaphoric transfer: the source domain often being an animal or a characteristically fast moving natural phenomenon, while the target domain is mostly a human. The article describes systematic semantic projections that might be regarded as manifestations of naive physics in language. The presented semantic variants clearly represent the characteristic tendencies of metaphoric transfer – for example, while speaking about mental processes through physical processes or conceptualising the abstract through the concrete.
Reflections on The 2009 AMR Decade Award: Do We Have A Theory of Organizational Learning?

Having received the “Decade Award” for the most cited AMR article from the past decade, we reflect on how our framework of organizational learning (OL) has been used in subsequent research and whether a theory of OL has emerged. Our citation review revealed that although some of the subsequent research has added to the original work, the challenge to develop an accepted theory remains unrealized. We offer promising directions for developing a theory of OL.
Do Sell-Side Analysts and Hedge Funds Collude?

The hedge fund industry often boasts that it delivers superior returns compared to alternative investments. We document that one reason behind this success is because sell-side analysts issue optimistic research forecasts that facilitate profitable trades by hedge funds. Investors do not see through analyst incentives to cater to hedge fund trades and react more strongly to analyst forecasts issued for stocks with large hedge fund holdings. Hedge funds take advantage of temporary stock overpricing and sell their holdings in stocks where analysts issued optimistic forecasts. Analysts cater to hedge funds in return for broker votes, which are an important determinant of analyst compensation and career outcomes. Our evidence on collusion between analysts and hedge funds partially explains the success of the hedge fund industry.
Empirical Study on Online Travel Products

As the Economic Reform and Opening Up processes continue to develop intensively in China, the tourism industry has attained a considerable scale and has developed rapidly after nearly 20 years of progress. In recent years, leisure tourism has become a rapidly growing sunrise industry as a result of the gradual increase in Chinese income. Such increase became evident in the 80s and 90s, when consumption attitudes changed. Furthermore, the Internet and e-commerce have also grown very quickly. Consequently, the natural integration of tourism and e-commerce occurred. From 2004 to 2014, e-commerce websites devoted to Chinese tourism emerged continuously, and the industry scale expanded unceasingly. Gradually, e-commerce captured the traditional offline travel agency's market share. The pattern of industrial upgrading in tourism has become the current trend. However, some problems and contradictions also exist in the development of e-commerce in the tourism industry, and many tourism websites that once flourished had their ups and downs and even declined amidst the competition. This decline has been brought about by the failure of some tourism enterprises to grasp the purchase intention of customers and to enhance their core competitiveness according to the actual demands of their users. Thus, this empirical study aims to provide a better marketing strategy policy for online travel managers. To attain this aim, questionnaire survey methods were used in combination with the analysis of the related characteristics of online travel products.
TARGETING, SEGMENTS AND POSITIONING

Customers have unique requirements, aspirations and satisfaction levels. Some customers, though, are “similar”: they have common requirements for goods, services and ideas. If these customers′ needs can be clearly identified and those with similar needs grouped in quantities of sufficient sizes, market segments have been determined. Each customer group – or market segment – has specific expectations and retail marketers must develop retail brands and concepts which cater for the needs of the segment targeted. Having decided on which segment (or segments) to target, retailers position their brands with an image with which the targeted customers identify. Market segmentation, targeting and positioning is a fundamental process in modern retail marketing strategy. The key decisions and the steps necessary for successful implementation are examined.
Tissue formation following implantation of cultured elastic chondrocytes for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde passage of urine from the bladder into the ureter and kidneys during voiding. Its pathophysiology appears to be related to the valve mechanism of the ureterovesical junction, high intravesical pressure, bladder neurogenic disorder or immature bladder. Abnormal location of the ureteral orifice is implicated in the short ureteral tunnel, which in turn compromises the flap-valve mechanism. Endoscopic subureteric injection of various materials has become a universally accepted mode of treatment for VUR in recent years. Different kinds of injection materials have been used for injection with various success rates [1–3]. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences to the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain or improve the function of tissue or of a whole organ [4]. Treatment of VUR by endoscopic implantation of cultured autologous elastic chondrocytes (ACI—autologous chondrocyte implantation) under the ureteral orifice—a method based on tissue engineering technologies—has proved to be successful in eliminating or downgrading high-grade VUR and has enabled surgical treatment to be abandoned in paediatric patients [5]. We have developed a method for implantation of cultured elastic chondrocytes, together with the patient’s autologous plasma, for treating VUR in patients with chronic renal failure who are candidates for renal transplantation [6]. The effectiveness of cell implantation for VUR treatment is usually evaluated by X-ray contrast cystography, but it is normally not possible to investigate the quality of regenerated tissue. In the present case we were able to in-
The Influence of Gender Dyads and Physical Appearance on the Strength of the Customer-Provider Relationship in the Taiwanese Hairdressing Industry

The scope of the research that has been done on service industries includes relationships that range from low contact to high contact between providers and customers. The hairdressing industry, which involves physical interaction and contact as well as the revelation of personal information, is classified as an intimate contact industry. This study focuses on the highly competitive hairdressing industry in Taiwan by examining whether the relationship strength between customers and staff during the service process is subject to the impact of gender dyads or the physical attractiveness of the hairdressers. Questionnaires were distributed to customers over 18 years of age who had a regular hairdresser, and 465 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The results show that the gender dyads of customers and hairdressers do not have a significant impact on the perceived trust, good intention, and commitment of hairdressers; however, the physical attractiveness of hairdressers does have a significant and positive impact on these perceived attributes. These results demonstrate that in situations in which a customer goes to a regular hairdresser, gender dyads do not critically impact the strength of the customer-hairdresser relationship. Instead, the physical attractiveness of a hairdresser can help to create a better relationship with clients. In other words, in an industry that involves intimate contact, physical attractiveness has a significant impact. These findings are important for developing service strategy innovation in the hairdressing industry.
Fall of management accounting: the NIRA and the homogenization of cost practices in the U.S

This paper explores the impact of societal trends on cost practices, and the management techniques used to support business structures, within the United States. Specifically, the influence of the National Industrial Recovery Act [NIRA] on the development of the costing and pricing policies is explored from the perspective of social rule system theory. The premise of the paper is that the NIRA, as enforced through the symbol of the "Blue Eagle" displaced the free market economy in the United States. This resulted in a pseudo-competitive market structure where full cost recovery and the earning of a fair and reasonable profit became the basis for market pricing and business management. The displacement of the competitive market by the NIRA is argued to account for the apparent loss of relevance in modern costing theory and practice during the midto latter part of the twentieth century. It is also contended that these practices may have enhanced the shocks to the U.S. economic associated with the global marketplace. The paper concludes by suggesting that relevant management accounting theory has to be reconstructed within a competitive market framework that reflects key drivers of competitive advantage.
2 EXCESS RETURNS AND SHORT-TERM INSTITUTIONAL TRADING

Our study examines short-term reversal trades of a sample of active institutional fund managers, documenting that short-term reversal trades generate abnormal net of transaction cost returns (both statistically and economically). These trades are consistent with the disposition effect, however rather than being a psychological bias, short-term trades appear to be motivated by an institution’s informational advantage. We find no evidence that investment managers exacerbate volatility as in De Long et al. (1990b), but instead aid the price discovery process. Consistent with a Grossman-Stiglitz informational efficiency argument, managers profit from providing liquidity and driving prices towards fundamentals. JEL Classification: G23