Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of phytoplankton communities by physical processes in upwelling ecosystems

Sinking rates of particles were superimposed on the x-z-t current field observed at 15S off the coast of San Juan, Peru in March-May, 1977 to calculate particle trajectories in the upwelling circulation. Vertical velocities were calculated by a modified variational objective analysis technique using the measured onshore and longshore currents in conjunction with the physical constraint of mass continuity. The calculated vertical flow showed considerable temporal and spatial variability, with the mean vertical transport varying by two orders of magnitude over the 16 km wide continental shelf. Changes in direction occurred rapidly (within 24 h) as has been observed for horizontal circulation in this region. The vertical velocity of water was much greater than the sinking rates of particles during the 52 day period, so that the net vertical transport of particles was controlled by the vertical velocity of the water. Reseeding of sinking particles from the surface offshore-flowing layer into the deeper onshore flow could not be demonstrated for this period, which may explain why the measured biomass and primary productivity were anomalously low in 1977. Vertical mixing greatly increased the possibility of reseeding by transporting material downward into the onshore flow.We suggest that recirculation of particles may normally occur in the Peruvian upwelling system, but that the continuity probably involves movement in the longshore as well as the cross-shelf direction.
Modelling of the colloid facilitated actinide transport in the geosphere with the computer code

The computer code TRAPIC (Transport of Pollutants Influenced by Colloids) was developed to simulate one or two-dimensional colloid facilitated contaminant transport in porous media. The colloids are considered to be dissolved in the aqueous phase or attached on retention sites of the matrix. For the contaminants four different phases are considered: dissolved in the aqueous phase, sorbed on mobile colloids, sorbed on the surface of the aquifer material, or sorbed on immobile colloids. The mass exchange between the corresponding phases is modelled by kinetically controlled sorption and filtration processes. Sorption processes of the contaminants can be described by Henry, Langmuir or Freundlich reactions. The transport code TRAPIC has been applied to describe the Eu migration in column experiments with humic-rich groundwater. Good agreement is obtained by simulating the migration experiments with sorption parameters taken from batch experiments and from literature. The transport in the 10 m column can be described using the same simulation parameters as for the 50 cm columns. Details of the transport code TRAPIC and simulation results of the Eu-transport in column experiments are shown. Furthermore, first calculations concerning the impact of colloids on long-term safety assessment of a repository for radioactive waste are presented.
Involvement of polyamines in the root nodule regulation of soybeans (Glycine max)

In leguminous plants, infection with rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen and supply it as ammonium to the host plant cells. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules is nutritionally benefi- cial, but excessive nodule production appears to be detrimental to the host legumes because of the resultant over-consumption of photosynthetic products. Therefore, the number of root nodules in leguminous plants is tightly regulated by shoot-root signaling known as a feedback or autoregulation of nodulation. Recently, we found that foliar application of polyamines and an effective inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis regulates the number of nodules in soybean plants. In this review, we discuss the possible function of polyamines as a systemic regulator of nodule formation.
Does the Homogeneous Ice Nucleation Initiate in the Bulk Volume or at the Surface of Super-Cooled Water Droplets? A Review

The formation of ice in clouds can occur through primary processes, either homogeneously or heterogeneously triggered by aerosol particles called ice nuclei, as well as through secondary processes. The homogeneous ice nucleation process involves only pure water or solution droplets. Homogeneous freezing is crucial for the microphysics in the formation of high-altitude cirrus and polar stratospheric clouds, and also in the glaciation of thunderclouds, at temperatures below about 235 K. Nucleation rates in supercooled water have been measured using different experimental techniques: expansion cloud chambers, water-in-oil emulsions, levitation methods, free falling droplets, supersonic nozzles, field measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations. An important question concerns the possibility that the nucleation process in supercooled water can occur not only in the interior volume of the droplet, but even at or close to its surface. Even if there is no conclusive evidence, the majority of experimental and theoretical results suggest that the contribution of surface nucleation increases with decreasing radius of the supercooled droplets, and the surface (or sub-surface) nucleation rate is prevalent for droplets with radius lower than about 5 μm. If homogeneous freezing initiates at the droplet surface, the freezing rate should depend on the droplet size, and even a slight contamination by molecules within the surface layer could hamper the rate of the nucleation process.
Distribution and electrophoretic properties of alcohol-soluble proteins in normal and high-lysine sorghums

Electrophoretic patterns and amino acid compositions were compared between alcohol-soluble proteins from normal and high-lysine sorghum grain meals. Sequential extraction of grain meals by a modified Osborne-Mendel scheme confirmed findings that the high-lysine sorghums contained more salt-soluble and alcohol-insoluble reduced glutelins and less alcohol-soluble proteins, kafirin and alcohol-soluble reduced glutelin (ASRG) than did the normal sorghums. Kafirin and ASRG had similar amino acid compositions in each variety and differed only slightly between varieties. Kafirin and ASRG polypeptides migrated primarily as a prominent broad band with an apparent MW of 22,000 during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but they were heterogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea-aluminum lactate pH 3.1. Electrophoretic patterns of kafirins and ASRGs for near-isogenic normal and high-lysine genotypes were similar, but different, between unrelated varieties. These data suggest a close relationship between kafirins and ASRG proteins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is useful for characterizing, comparing and differentiating sorghum alcohol-soluble proteins in genetic investigations.
Graphenes Converted from Polymers

Because the direct formation of large, patterned graphene layers on active electronic devices without any physical transfer process is an ultimate important research goal for practical applications, we first developed a cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable process to form graphene films from solution-processed common polymers directly on a SiO2/Si substrate. We obtained few-layer graphene by heating the thin polymer films covered with a metal capping layer in a high-temperature furnace under low vacuum in an Ar/H2 atmosphere. We find that the metal capping layer appears to have two functions: prevention of vaporization of dissociated molecules and catalysis of graphene formation. We suggest that polymer-derived graphene growth directly on inert substrates in active electronic devices will have great advantages because of its simple, inexpensive, and safer process.
Gully Wall Stability in Loess-derived Alluvium1

A field study was made on an instrumented vertical slope to investigate the triggering mechanisms that initiate gully wall failure in loess-derived alluvium. The relevance of hydrology, soil morphology, and soil mechanics to an understanding of gully slumping is examined. Conventional limit equilibrium slope stability methods were of little value in predicting failure volumes or in understanding the failure mechanics. The geometry and time of failure are greatly influenced by the structural features of loess-derived alluvium and by the dependence of the shear strength on the pore water pressure within the soil.
Comparison of Caudal Levobupivacaine versus Levobupivacaine plus Morphine Mixture for Postoperative Pain Management in Children

Backgrounds: In childhood, the most performed emergency abdominal operation is appendectomy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a combination of levobupivacaine and morphine via caudal route in the management of postoperative pain after open appendectomy in children. Methods: A total of 120 children with ASA I-II physical status, aged 3-7 years and undergoing open appendectomy, were randomly allocated to two groups; only 0.5% levobupivacaine 1.5 mL/kg (Group L) and 0.5% levobupivacaine 1.5 mL/kg plus morphine 50μg/kg (Group LM). After the surgery, pain management was quantified with Modified Eastern Ontario Children’s Hospital pain scale (mCHEOPS) up to 24 hours postoperatively Side effects of the procedure and test drugs were also recorded. Results: A total of 102 patients aged between 3-7 years, belonging to ASA I-IIE category were included in the study. The two groups were comparable for demographic data. On comparison of postoperative pain scores, Group L had significantly higher pain scores at 1, 2 and 3 hours postoperatively compared to Group LM (p<0.05). Conclusion: In children undergoing open appendectomy, single-dose levobupivacaine + morphine mixture via caudal route is a simple, safe and efficient method for post-operative analgesia.
Serum prolidase levels and its relation with severity of acne vulgaris

Background: The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial and inflammation plays a prominent role in the process. In clinical trials, independent from tissue type; it is found out that prolidase levels and activity are differing in numerous malign and chronic inflammatory processes on which collagen turnover is accelerated. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum prolidase levels and acne severity in acne vulgaris. Methods: Thirty patients with mild to moderate Acne Vulgaris (AV), 30 with severe AV and 28 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The GAS was used to determine disease severity in patients with AV. Serum prolidase levels were measured by ELISA method. Results: There were not statistically different between the groups in term of serum prolidase levels (p=0.819). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.647 for AV groups, p=0.926 for severe AV and healthy control, and p=0.539 for mild-moderate AV and healthy control). There was no statistically significant correlation between GAS and prolidase levels in patients with severe AV (r=0.207, p=0.273) and mild-moderate AV (r=0.162, p=0.392). Conclusions: In conclusion, there was no significant difference in serum prolidase levels in patients with AV. New studies with wide case series are necessary to determine the role of prolidase on the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
Environmental control of growth variation in a boreal Scots pine stand Kulmala

Despite the numerous studies on year-to-year variation of tree growth, the physiological mechanisms controlling annual variation in growth are still not understood in detail. We studied the applicability of data-driven approach i.e. different regression models in analysing high-dimensional data set including continuous and comprehensive measurements over meteorology, ecosystemscale water and carbon fluxes and the annual variation in the growth of app. 50-year-old Scots pine stand in southern Finland. Even though our dataset covered only 16 years, it is the most extensive collection of interactions between a Scots pine ecosystem and atmosphere. The analysis revealed that height growth was favoured by high water potential of the tree and carbon gain during the bud forming period and high water potential during the elongation period. Diameter growth seemed to be favoured by a winter with high precipitation and deep snow cover and a spring with high carbon gain. The obtained models had low generalization performance and they would require more evaluation and iterative validation to achieve credibility perhaps as a mixture of data-driven and first principle modeling approaches.
Biological sulphate removal from acid mine drainage utilizing producer gas as carbon-and energy source-Process limitations and their resolution -

Many industries especially m1mng companies are faced with serious problems caused by effluents containing high amounts of sulphate, heavy metals and a low pH. These effluents are known as acid mine drainages (AMD). Due to the fact that AMD is highly corrosive, it results in many economic and environmental problems. These problems can be avoided by using a cheap and effective method of biological effluent treatment. In an anaerobic process AMD is percolated over a packed-bed with an attached biofilm of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). The bacteria reduce the sulphate to hydrogen sulphide (H,S) by using different organic carbon sources. For an optimal performance of the biological process a pH between 6.8 and 7.5 is needed. A treatment of AMD with limestone as a pre-neutralisation step is possible [11], but not necessary in a stable running process [17]. In higher concentrations produced H2S inhibits the biotransformation [10]. To avoid the problems caused by addition of organic material to the effluent, producer gas as a gaseous carbonand energy source can be used. With producer gas, the biomass production and the sulphate reduction rate are much lower compared to the addition of organic material such as molasses or sugar [13,17]. This paper shows the resolution of the process limitations using three different reactor types and sizes for the investigations. The process was optimized in a two step scale-up. Four small fed-batch reactors (3 I) were used for different feeding experiments. AMD with sulphate concentrations between 600 6000 mg f 1 was recycled in addition with different nutrition elements to CO as main substrate. Results were implemented on a laboratory reactor (15 I) which was running over 150 days and after successful operation, a pilot plant (800 I) was running for 100 days under the same conditions. Investigations with the fed-batch reactors resulted in an additional feeding of nutrients, the process limitations could be resolved and the sulphate reduction rate in the bigger plants was 1.8 2.4 g-1" d •
eview he social brain in adolescence : Evidence from functional magnetic resonance maging and behavioural studies

Social cognition is the collection of cognitive processes required to understand and interact with others. The term ‘social brain’ refers to the network of brain regions that underlies these processes. Recent evidence suggests that a number of social cognitive functions continue to develop during adolescence, resulting in age differences in tasks that assess cognitive domains including face processing, mental state inference and responding to peer influence and social evaluation. Concurrently, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show differences between adolescent and adult groups dolescence
Transmission Network Investment across National Borders : The Liberalized Electricity Market

The world’s first multinational electricity market was formed with the creation of the Nordic power exchange, Nord Pool. We analyze the incentives to undertake transmission network investment in the context of the liberalized Nordic electricity market. Welfare improving investment in a multinational electricity market requires accounting for the cross-border effects of capacity expansion. We propose methods to increase voluntary cooperation on international infrastructure projects, with an aim to increase aggregate efficiency and achieve equitable distribution of the gains from market integration.
ffect of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome on G ait Parameters : A L iterature Review

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most frequent causes of anterior knee pain in adolescents and adults. This disorder can have a big effect on patients’ ability and quality of life and gait. This review included all articles published during 1990 to 2016. An extensive literature search was performed in databases of Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge using OR, AND, NOT between the selected keywords. Finally, 16 articles were selected from final evaluation. In PFPS subjects, there was lower gait velocity, decreased cadence, and reduced knee extensor moment in the loading response and terminal stance, delayed peak rear foot eversion during gait and greater hip adduction compared to healthy subjects, while for hip rotation, there was controversy in studies. Changes in the walking patterns of PFPS subjects may be associated with the strategy used for the reduction of patellofemoral joint reaction force and pain.
Dynamics of shock probes in driven diffusive systems

We study the dynamics of shock-tracking probe particles in driven diffusive systems and also in equilibrium systems. In a driven system, they induce a diverging timescale that marks the crossover between a passive scalar regime at early times and a diffusive regime at late times; a scaling form characterizes this crossover. Introduction of probes into an equilibrium system gives rise to a system-wide density gradient, and the presence of even a single probe can be felt across the entire system.
Mobile sensor network noise reduction and recalibration using a Bayesian network

Abstract. People are becoming increasingly interested in mobile air quality sensor network applications. By eliminating the inaccuracies caused by spatial and temporal heterogeneity of pollutant distributions, this method shows great potential for atmospheric research. However, systems based on low-cost air quality sensors often suffer from sensor noise and drift. For the sensing systems to operate stably and reliably in real-world applications, those problems must be addressed. In this work, we exploit the correlation of different types of sensors caused by cross sensitivity to help identify and correct the outlier readings. By employing a Bayesian network based system, we are able to recover the erroneous readings and recalibrate the drifted sensors simultaneously. Our method improves upon the state-of-art Bayesian belief network techniques by incorporating the virtual evidence and adjusting the sensor calibration functions recursively. Specifically, we have (1) designed a system based on the Bayesian belief network to detect and recover the abnormal readings, (2) developed methods to update the sensor calibration functions infield without requirement of ground truth, and (3) extended the Bayesian network with virtual evidence for infield sensor recalibration. To validate our technique, we have tested our technique with metal oxide sensors measuring NO2, CO, and O3 in a real-world deployment. Compared with the existing Bayesian belief network techniques, results based on our experiment setup demonstrate that our system can reduce error by 34.1 % and recover 4 times more data on average.
A Family With Multiple Cases of Schizophrenia and Mild Intellectual Impairment Also Associated With Retinitis Pigmentosa and / or Progressive Hearing Loss

A Genome Wide Survey Supports the Involvement of Large Copy Number Variants in Schizophrenia With and Without Intellectual Disability Eske M. Derks,* Muhammad Ayub, Kimberly Chambert, Jurgen Del Favero, Mandy Johnstone, Stuart MacGregor, Alan Maclean, Andrew G. McKechanie, Allan F. McRae, Jennifer L. Moran, Benjamin S. Pickard, Shaun Purcell, Pamela Sklar, David M. StCLair, Naomi R. Wray, Peter M. Visscher, and Douglas H. R. Blackwood Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Developmental Disabilities, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia The Patrick Wild Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Mass General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York Department of Mental Health, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK
Run-time Code Generation and Modal

This paper presents early experience with a typed programming language and compiler for run-time code generation. The language is an extension of the SML language with modal operators, based on the 2 language of Davies and Pfenning. It allows programmers to specify precisely, through types, the stages of computation in a program. The compiler generates target code that makes use of run-time code generation in order to exploit the staging information. The target machine is currently a version of the Categorial Abstract Machine, called the CCAM, which we have extended with facilities for run-time code generation. Using this approach, the programmer is able to express the staging that he wants to the compiler directly. It also provides a typed framework in which to verify the correctness of his staging intentions, and to discuss his staging decisions with other programmers. Finally, it supports in a natural way multiple stages of run-time specialization, so that dynamically generated code can be used to generate yet further specialized code. This paper presents an overview of the language, with several examples of programs that illustrate key concepts and programming techniques. Then, it discusses the CCAM and the compilation of 2 programs into CCAM code. Finally, the results of some experiments are shown, to demonstrate the bene ts of this style of run-time code generation for some applications. 2
Quantum state tomography with quantum shot noise

We propose a scheme for a complete reconstruction of one- and two-particle orbital quantum states in mesoscopic conductors. The conductor in the transport state continuously emits orbital quantum states. The orbital states are manipulated by electronic beam splitters and detected by measurements of average currents and zero frequency current shot-noise correlators. We show how, by a suitable complete set of measurements, the elements of the density matrices of the one- and two-particle states can be directly expressed in terms of the currents and current correlators.