Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIOENERGETICS OF MOLT IN THE CHAFFINCH (FRINGILLA COELEBS)

ABSTP,•1⁄2T. --The annual molt of adult Chaffinches begins in the third week of June and is completed by the end of September. In first brood juveniles, molt begins in early July, in second brood juveniles in early August, and in both molt is completed about the same time as in adults. Metabolized energy, measured as the difference between food intake and excreta, increased during the first part of molt and then decreased to a level following molt completion of 1.5 kcal bird -1 day -• lower than before it began. Metabolized energy increased with a drop in ambient temperature at the same rate in all stages of molt (0.44 kcal øC • day-1). Total productive energy (metabolized minus existence energies) used for molt under natural conditions totaled 240 kcal bird i in adults and 147 kcal bird • in juveniles. Net productive energy at a constant temperature of 26øC was 140 kcal bird •, while the amount used at a constant temperature of 7øC was 95% greater. Catabolism of resting, pestabsorptive birds at night, calculated from oxygen consumption, was 1.1 kcal bird -1 day i higher at thermoneutrality during molt than before molt began. This represents a minimum estimate of the net energy cost of plumage replacement. Below thermoneutrality, the cost of molt in adults changed from 0.384 kcal øC • day -1 before molt to 0.596 kcal at mid-molt to 0.332 kcal after molt. In juveniles the rate of increase at mid-molt was 0.504 kcal øC i day 1. The caloric equivalent of weight loss at night was lower in molting than in nonmolting birds and lower at high than at low ambient temperatures, due largely to the greater amounts of water loss involved. Protein catabolism, as shown by the amount of nitrogen in the urine, increased during molt to the extent of 8.33 g. The nightly respiratory quotient was 0.88. Received 7 June 1977, accepted 20 August 1978.
Orange Is Still Pink

Although research has established a very strong relationship between the presence of a psychiatric disorder and victimization in prisons, some gaps remain in our understanding. This study considers the importance of gender differences in this relationship. Estimates based on the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities show that psychiatric disorders have a stronger relationship with victimization among male inmates than among female inmates. Yet the size of the gender difference varies greatly depending on the specific disorder. Depressive disorders have a much stronger relationship with victimization among men than among women, but other disorders, such as psychosis, show no gender difference. Symptom-specific analyses further confirm the nature of the difference. Victimization appears to be based in part on how well symptoms do or do not overlap with traditional gender roles. Male-atypical symptoms (e.g., sadness) have a stronger relationship with victimization among men, whereas female-atypical symptoms (e.g., anger) have a stronger relationship with victimization among women. Gender-neutral symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and delusions) have an equivalent relationship between genders. Further analyses suggest that these gender differences are not explained (with some exceptions) by verbal or physical provocation. These findings are interpreted in light of the literature on the nature of social control in men’s and women’s prisons as well as the literature on stigma.
Full reference: Tulumello S. (2016) Toward a Critical Understanding of Urban Security within the Institutional Practice of Urban Planning: The Case of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Journal of Planning Education and Research. Online first, doi: 10.1177/0739456X16664786. Link: http://jpe.sagepub.com/c

Urban security (or public safety), rather than a “social problem” tackled neutrally, is a issue of political contestation, owing to its threefold gist as right to not be victims of crime, policy goal and social demand. This article, highlighting how planning research has neglected to engage with contemporary paradoxes of security, makes the case for a critical approach to crime prevention and explores the embeddedness of urban security in planning practice in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. We debate the relations of urban security with changing planning paradigms and political approaches around the vertical (multilevel/multi-scale) and horizontal distribution of planning practices.
CMAR_A_203035 3909..3919

Bo Shen Aihua Qian Wenji Lao Weiguang Li Xi Chen Benyan Zhang Huafeng Wang Fei Yuan Yunwei Sun 1Department of Gastroenterology of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China Background: Many studies have shown that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, are expressed in advanced gastric cancer. Furthermore, detection of these proteins is associated with infiltrating CD8+ T-cells, indicating that an adaptive immune resistance mechanism occurs in advanced gastric cancer. However, PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage gastric cancer (EGC) has yet to be elucidated. Patients and methods: Fifty-four resections of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and EGC were stained by immunohistochemistry for PD-1, PD-L1, and CD8. CD8+ T-cell densities both within tumors and in the tumor-stromal interface were analyzed. Flow cytometry (FACS) was used to analyze the PD1 expression in tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and PD-1 and PD-L1 was also evaluated. Results: We demonstrated that PD-L1 expression was significantly increased in HGIN and EGC compared with LGIN, and both PD-1 and PD-L1 showed similar expression patterns, being mainly detected in infiltrating immune cells. FACS also showed that PD-1 was expressed on both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. However, no difference was found in CD8+ T-cell infiltration between LGIN and HGIN+EGC, and this was not not found to be associated with PD-L1 or PD-1 expression. However, Hp infection was significantly associated with expression of PD-L1 and PD-1. Conclusions: The PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint is involved in intraepithelial neoplasia and EGC, but an adaptive immune resistance mechanism does not occur. Expression of PD-1/ PD-L1 is also associated with Hp infection, and so Hp infection may be an important initiating factor. Clinical Trial Registration information: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ruijin Hospital and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
Optimization of Pin-Fin Heat Sinks in Bypass Flow Using Entropy Generation Minimization Method

An entropy generation minimization, EGM, method is applied to study the thermodynamic losses caused by heat transfer and pressure drop for the fluid in a cylindrical pin-fin heat sink and bypass flow regions. A general expression for the entropy generation rate is obtained by considering control volumes around heat sink and bypass regions. The conservation equations for mass and energy with the entropy balance are applied in both regions. Inside the heat sink, analytical/empirical correlations are used for heat transfer coefficients and friction factors, where the reference velocity used in Reynolds number and pressure drop is based on the minimum free area available for the fluid flow. In bypass regions theoretical models, based on laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, are used to predict flow velocity and pressure drop. Both in-line and staggered arrangements are studied and their relative performance is compared for the same thermal and hydraulic conditions. A parametric study is also performed to show the effects of bypass on the overall performance of heat sinks.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Variable selection in the kernel Cox regression

In machine learning and statistics it is often the case that some variables are not important, while some variables are more important than others. We propose a novel algorithm for selecting such relevant variables in the kernel Cox regression. We employ the weighted version of ANOVA decomposition kernels to choose optimal subset of relevant variables in the kernel Cox regression. Experimental results are then presented which indicate the performance of the proposed method.
Cellulolytic activities of strains of the genus Cellulomonas

The effects of pH, temperature, the presence or absence of glucose and cellobiose, and culture medium on cellulase synthesis or activity or both by 12 strains of Cellulomonas were compared. The liquefaction of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gels by eight of the strains was examined. The optimum temperature for hydrolysis of CMC during growth was 40°C, and the optimum pH was 7 to 7.5. The eight strains broke into two distinct groups with a fourfold difference in rates of CMC or filter paper hydrolysis during growth. The presence of either glucose or cellobiose in the culture medium stimulated growth but repressed either the synthesis or the activity of CMC and filter paper cellulases. This effect is the opposite of that reported previously for Bacillus CMC cellulase. The greatest rate of filter paper hydrolysis occurred in a synthetic medium. The cell-free carboxymethylcellulase of Cellulomonas flavigena ATCC 482Twas partially purified by molecular exclusion chromatography on Bio-Gel P-100 and Sephadex G-75. The partially purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 40,000 and optimum activity at pH 7.0. Cellobiose was a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme activity. The results obtained with the partially purified enzyme indicated that the results obtained by using CMC gels were valid.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIORAL CHANGE IN KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN

The growth in Social Networks in Arab countries played a crucial role in civil mobilization, empowerment, shaping opinion and influencing change. The popularity of Social Networks tools has continued to grow, however, extent to what the communication via Social Networks can lead to social or individual change is still debatable in these countries. The present study proposed and tested a holistic model that extended the Theory of Planned Behavior TPB and redefined behavioral intention toward using technology to behavioral change as an effect of using new technology by exploring the impact of Social Networks on the individual behavioral change. Toward achieving the objectives of the current research, a quantitative research method was adopted. Three hundred surveys were distributed to residents from the different governorates in Kingdom of Bahrain. The research indicates that there is a need for an action to be taken by the decision makers and governance people in the Arab countries towards SN which essentially have become a weapon of mass persuasion. This weapon can be used by unconcerned individuals to change the society: socially, politically or even economically. The impact of Social Networks on changing behavior should be considered strategically. More attention needs to be paid on controlling the information and material which are exchanged on Social Networks to redirect their impact positively.
Does alignment matter? The performance implications of HR roles connected to organizational strategy

Abstract For the HR function to have a positive impact on performance and thus strategically add value to the organization, it has been suggested to redefine its traditional operational role. However, to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between these HR roles and performance, their alignment with the organizational strategy should not be ignored. In this paper, we therefore focus not only on whether the operational and strategic HR roles are linked to performance, but also on the extent to which their alignment with the applied organizational strategy actually matters for performance. We carried out a survey study among 336 respondents either holding an HR function or being responsible for HR-related tasks in various organizations. We found a positive effect of the strategic role on performance, and also how it might substitute a lack of innovation strategy. Further, we found an alignment effect between a cost strategy and the operational HR role in relation to organizational performance. We discuss these findings based on the literature and provide some practical recommendations for further developing the role of HR.
MODALITY IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE: MODALISED UTTERANCES IN THE OBAMA-ROMNEY ELECTION DEBATE

This paper explores modal expressions and modalised utterances in the narratives of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney in the debate on foreign policy held during the 2012 election campaign. The theoretical framework of the analysis is based on Palmer’s (1979; 2001) description and classification of modality as well as on Frawley’s (1992) view of modality as epistemic deixis. The initial aim is to analysethe frequency of occurrence, distribution and meaning of the modal expressions in both candidates’ narratives viewing modalised utterances as political statements and to offer a tentative suggestion of how modality seen as epistemic version of deixis can be a tool in interpreting political statements in election debates.
Investigating Quasar Structure in VGOS with Simulations

Quasar structure is a well-known issue that can be important in determining accurate celestial and terrestrial reference frames. So far, no good strategy to address this issue has been found. A complication is that the structure of quasars can, and often does, evolve with time. Furthermore, the variability and structure of flat-spectrum radio-loud quasars used in geodetic VLBI is highly frequency-dependent. This poses a challenge for next-generation (VGOS) systems currently being built around the world, which aim to observe over a wide range of 2–14 GHz. The structure effects for the same quasar can be very different at different frequencies in this range. On the other hand, we understand the astrophysics of quasars relatively well. In this research, we model the frequency-dependent quasar structure by using the extracted information from real images. To quantify the effects of the changing quasar structure in VGOS observations, the source structure module of the Vienna VLBI Software (VieVS) is extended. In this work we are focusing on a single source (J0136+4751) to explore strategies and calculate the effects of source structure as a function of frequency and time for varying geometries. Ultimately, we hope to address issues related to source structure as seen in Australian and global VGOS observations.
Aligning Affordances of Graphics with Learning Task Requirements

Summary: Dynamic subject matter can be portrayed to learners in the form of either static or dynamic depictions. Two plausible bases for choosing a depiction format are alignment with the subject matter’s dynamics, or the specific affordances a depiction provides for performing a particular learning output task. Experimental participants viewed an ordered set of eight images depicting key stages of a kangaroo hop presented in a dynamic, successive or simultaneous format. Control participants viewed no presentation. The output task required participants to rearrange a random sequence of the eight kangaroo images into the correct order of a kangaroo hop. Those who viewed the successive presentation were most successful in placing the images in their correct order while those in the dynamic condition were least successful. The results contradict the prevailing instructional design orthodoxy that the dynamic properties of a depiction should be aligned with the dynamic nature of the referent content. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Considerable research effort has been devoted to comparing the relative effectiveness of static and animated depictions for supporting learning. However, the results of these comparisons have proven less than conclusive in terms of generalisable effects (e.g. Park & Hopkins, 1992; Tversky, Bauer-Morrison, & Betrancourt, 2002). The facilitative effects of animations on learning appear to occur in specific
Immunoregulatory network and cancer-associated genes: molecular links and relevance to aging

Although different aspects of cancer immunity are a subject of intensive investigation, an integrative view on the possible molecular links between immunoregulators and cancer-associated genes has not yet been fully considered. In an attempt to get more insights on the problem, we analyzed these links from a network perspective. We showed that the immunoregulators could be organized into a miRNA-regulated PPI network―the immunoregulatory network. This network has numerous links with cancer, including (i) cancerassociated immunoregulators, (ii) direct and indirect protein-protein interactions (through the common protein partners), and (iii) common miRNAs. These links may largely determine the interactions between the host’s immunity and cancer, supporting the possibility for co-expression and post-transcriptional co-regulation of immunoregulatory and cancer genes. In addition, the connection between immunoregulation and cancer may lie within the realm of cancer-predisposing conditions, such as chronic inflammation and fibroproliferative repair. A gradual, age-related deterioration of the integrity and functionality of the immunoregulatory network could contribute to impaired immunity and generation of cancer-predisposing conditions.
Canadian Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline on pharmacotherapy in patients with COPD – 2019 update of evidence

Abstract In this guideline update, we highlight important and new findings related to pharmacological therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that should change clinical practice and improve disease management. We present updated evidence, recommendations and expert clinical remarks on maintenance pharmacotherapy in patients with stable COPD. The diagnosis and nonpharmacological therapy of COPD are out-of-scope for this update. In patients with COPD who have persistent shortness of breath, exercise intolerance and/or poor health status despite using inhaled LAMA or LABA monotherapy, we recommend augmenting treatment to LAMA/LABA dual therapy. In patients with high-risk exacerbations, LAMA/LABA is the preferred choice to ICS/LABA except in patients with previous exacerbations who have higher peripheral eosinophilia. There is no role for ICS monotherapy; when indicated, ICS should only be used in combination with bronchodilators. Treatment “step up” in COPD is proposed as a practical construct supported by evidence that inhaled combined therapy is superior to monotherapy and triple therapy to dual therapy in certain patient populations. Because the superiority of inhaled triple or dual bronchodilator therapy may not be achieved in every patient, “step down” may be considered for some patients (not at high risk for future exacerbations), but should be done with close medical supervision, as the risk of clinical deterioration is real and continues to exist. The decision of changing a therapy should always occur after a complete evaluation of the patient and the potential benefit to a change in therapy; as well as an assessment of any adverse effects of the therapy, and with a review of patient adherence, inhaler technique and patient preferences. Pharmacological therapy plays a foundational role in therapy, but it should never be the sole treatment in managing COPD patients. Clinicians should always combine and optimize pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies with the dual goals of reducing symptoms and preventing acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD).
WST 50.6-026 corr

Separately collected urine (“yellow water”) can be utilized as fertilizer. In order to decrease storage volumes and energy consumption for yellow water transport to fields, enrichment of nutrients in yellow water has to be considered. Laboratory-scale batch freeze concentration of yellow water has been tested in ice-front freezing apparatus: a stirred vessel and a falling film freeze concentrator (coolant temperatures: –6 to –16°C). With progressing enrichment of the liquid concentrate, the frozen ice was increasingly contaminated with yellow water constituents (ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, TOC, and salts determined as conductivity). The higher the initial salinity of the yellow water and the lower the mechanical agitation of the liquid phase contacting the growing ice front, the more the frozen ice was contaminated. The results indicate, that in ice-front freezing devices multistage processes are necessary, i.e. the melted ice phase has to be purified (and the concentrates must be further enriched) in a second or even in a third stage. Energy consumption of this process is very high. However, technical scale suspension freeze concentration is reasonable in centralized ecological sanitation schemes if the population exceeds 0.5 million and distance of yellow water transportation to fields is more than 80 km.
Feed Efficiency in Dairy Heifers

Feed represents the largest component to the cost of heifer production (Gabler et al., 2000) and is such a large proportion that it easily represents the major way to control heifer costs. We are often reminded of the importance of feed efficiency (lb milk/lb feed) for lactating dairy cows; however, the concept is seldom mentioned for the growing heifer. Of course in heifers, we measure feed efficiency not in milk production, but in lb of gain/lb of feed. There are several factors that can greatly impact feed efficiency in the dairy heifer, such as genetics, forage quality (digestibility), growth rate or stage of growth, body condition or gain in body composition, gestation, heat or cold stress (environmental stresses), and exercise level.
Ammonium toxicity in eelgrass Zostera

Seagrasses are declining all over the world, resulting in a substantial loss of biodiversity, coastal sediment stabilization and nursery areas of economically important fish. The seagrass decline has often been associated with increasing eutrophication of coastal areas. We tested possible toxic effects of high nitrogen concentrations in the water layer on the seagrass Zostera marina L. , which is often the sole higher plant inhabiting coastal zones in the northern hemisphere. Plants grown in either mud or sand were subjected to various water ammonium and nitrate concentrations, whereby ammonium and nitrate supply were balanced (both 25 pM or 75 PM), or unbalanced (ammonium 125 pM and nitrate 25 pM, and vice versa). We used 2 temperatures, 15 and 20°C. Analyses were made after 2 and 5 wk of exposure. In an additional experiment, 9 pM ammonium and 3 yM nitrate were supplied. An ammonium concentration of 125 pM in the water layer was toxic for 2. marina: the plants became necrotic within 2 wk. After 5 wk, plants in all treatments except for the 9 pM treatment were either necrotic or had died. This suggests that toxicity occurs at ammonium concentrations as low as 25 pM. Nitrate treatment had no effect. Ammonium toxicity effects were more pronounced in plants grown on sand and at the higher temperature. It is argued that the ammonium toxicity effects on Z. marina are expected to be strongest in autumn when irradiance decreases, temperature is still high, and ambient ammonium concentrations rise.