Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AFATINIB USING CHIRAL HPLC

A sensitive and robust chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV method was developed and validated for the quantification of R-isomer in afatinib as per ICH Q2 guideline. In this method, both R and Sisomers were well-separated on CHIRALPAK-IE column (250 X 4.6 mm X 5μ) in an isocratic elution mode with the mobile phase comprising of methanol: methyl tertiary butyl ether: diethyl amine (80:20:0.1; v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/ min. The column oven temperature was maintained at 20oC and both afatinib and its enantiomer were monitored at 254 nm by UV detector. The validated method was found to be precise, accurate and linear from the range of LOQ level to 150% with respect to sample concentration and the correlation co-efficient was found to be 0.998. Limit of detection and limit of quantifications were found to be 0.00005 and 0.00015 mg/mL, respectively. The validated method was found to be very sensitive and the recoveries were found to be well within the range from 95.65% to 100.73% for R-isomer. Further, the solution stability was also established and the solutions were found to be stable upto 48hrs.
Measuring Cultural Competence in Nursing: A Review Study

1. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. 2. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Research Institute for Life Style, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
A Genetic Approach to the Ethical Knob

As Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are entering shared roads, the challenge of designing and implementing a completely autonomous vehicle is still open. Aside from technological issues regarding how to manage the complexity of the environment, AVs raise difficult legal issues and ethical dilemmas, especially in unavoidable accident scenarios. In this context, a vast speculation depicting moral dilemmas has developed in recent years. A new perspective was proposed: an “Ethical Knob” (EK), enabling passengers to ethically customise their AVs, namely, to choose between different settings corresponding to different moral approaches or principles. In this contribution we explore how an AV can automatically learn to determine the value of its “Ethical Knob” in order to achieve a trade-off between the ethical preferences of passengers and social values, learning from experienced instances of collision. To this end, we propose a novel approach based on a genetic algorithm to optimize a population of neural networks. We report a detailed description of simulation experiments as well as possible applications.
Facial Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks and Supervised Few-Shot Learning

—The paper presents a feature-based face recognition method. The method can be explained in two separated processes: A pretrained CNN-Based face detector looks for faces in images and return the locations and features of the found faces, this face detector will be used to train the models for the classiﬁers and then will be used to ﬁnd unknown faces in new images. The used classiﬁers are: K-Nearest Neighbors, Gaussian Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines. Each model will be trained with a different quantity of training examples in order to obtain the best version of the method. When the models are ready, each classiﬁer will try to classify the faces with the previously trained models. The accuracy of each classiﬁer in few-shot face recognition tasks will be measured in Recognition Rate and F1 Score, a comparative table of the results is presented. This paper has the goal to show the high accuracy achieved by this method in datasets with several individuals but few examples of training.
CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS CONCEPTS IN THE DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF PHYTOMEDICINES IN SOME DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Clinical Pharmacokinetics can be defined as the study of the relationship between drug dosage regimens and the concentration time profiles. There has been in the last decades a significant progress in the field of Clinical Pharmacokinetics (CPK) in the drug development process and the understanding of the ethical and regulatory demands within the pharmaceutical industries. The three basic parameters that govern PK relationships are Clearance i.e. the volume of the blood that is cleared out completely of the drug per unit time, Distribution volume i.e. the apparent volume in which the drug has been distributed to make the measured concentration and half-life i.e. the time that is required for 50 percent of the drug to be completely eradicated. The knowledge of clearance can be useful in calculating the dose rate needed to retain a target concentration. In addition, elimination half-time helps in determining the time needed for a drug to be completely eliminated from the body. It also indicates the time taken to attain a steady state and can be further used to determine the optimum dosage interval for producing the target peak to trough. On similar lines, essential advancement has been made in the rational design of quinine dosage regimens for patients in places such as Africa and South East Asia. This review paper attempts to discuss ethical issues in clinical Pharmacokinetics in the development of new drugs for poverty related diseases in developing economies. The paper attempts to give an overview of the effect of pharmacokinetics as a factor on therapeutic failure, and how PK can support therapeutic drug monitoring in a clinical setting and its relevance in herbal medicines research. The ethical issues involving PK studies have been discussed.
The Impact of Remittance on Economic Growth in Low and Middle Income Countries

This study investigates the relationship between remittance and economic growth in a panel of 93 low and middle-income countries using annual data from 2009 to 2017. The estimated model using system GMM (SYS-GMM) revealed that remittance has a significant negative impact on growth after removing outliers. However, the result before outliers was indicating a negative but nonsignificant relationship between remittance and growth. The results confirm that remittance flow leads to deteriorating economic growth in the receiving countries. Therefore, these findings suggest that countries with a big size of remittance are predicted to be associated with a low level of growth which indicates a remittance curse effect on the countries’ level of economic growth.
Factors Influencing Nurse Turnover in Selected Hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing nurse turnover and identify the main problems faced by nurses in selected hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and 550 nurses from seven government hospitals, in seven clusters of Kabul Province, were chosen randomly. Data were collected using a questionnaire that consisted of 40 items categorized into seven parts: Demographic characteristics, intention to leave nursing profession, job satisfaction, manager support, interaction with colleagues, salary, and work environment. Finally, SPSS 22 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Of the 550 nurses, 272 (49.5%) intended to leave their current profession and 295 (53.6%) were dissatisfied with their job. Further, 149 (27.1%) nurses were graduate or current students in medical college. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between intention to leave and job satisfaction (rs = −0.292), constructive feedback from manager (rs = −0.138), salary (rs = −0.067), medical insurance (rs = −0.052), and growth opportunity (rs = −0.042), (P ˂ 0.05). Their main problems were ventilation (54.9%), equipment, and sterilization at the workplace (81.3%), work pressure (90.7%), and doctors’ misbehavior (34.4%). Conclusion: The study showed that about a half of the nurses were dissatisfied and intended to leave their current profession. Increases in salary and benefits, respect for nursing, reduction in work pressure, provision of health insurance, positive encouragement, and opportunities for advancement could improve nurse retention and job satisfaction.
Effects of L-fucose supplementation on the viability of cancer cell lines

Background: Fucose is a deoxyhexose sugar. While the biological roles of L-fucose remain unclear, the sugar is known to accelerate the malignant potential of cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the viability pattern of human cancer and normal cell lines treated with fucose. Methods: The human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and skin malignant melanoma (A375) cell lines were cultured and treated with fucose at three concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg/ml. Cell viability was then measured using (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: The percentage of HGF-1 cell viability showed a rapid decline after day 1 of treatment. HT-29 and A375 were capable of surviving treatment with high fucose concentrations. The data were highly significant at p < 0.001. Conclusion: Whereas a high concentration of fucose is toxic to the HGF-1 cell line, the HT-29 and A375 cell lines could potentially adapt to this condition. Downor upregulation of certain molecules that could induce or inhibit cell death may explain such adaptation. Further testing of upand downregulated molecules should be conducted in future work.
Introduction to ultrasound elastography Wprowadzenie do ultradźwiękowej elastografii

For centuries tissue palpation has been an important diagnostic tool. During palpation, tumors are felt as tissues harder than the surrounding tissues. The significance of palpation is related to the relationship between mechanical properties of different tissue lesions. The assessment of tissue stiffness through palpation is based on the fact that mechanical properties of tissues are changing as a result of various diseases. A higher tissue stiffness translates into a higher elasticity modulus. In the 90’s, ultrasonography was extended by the option of examining the stiffness of tissue by estimating the difference in backscattering of ultrasound in compressed and non-compressed tissue. This modality is referred to as the static, compression elastography and is based on tracking the deformation of tissue subjected to the slowly varying compression through the recording of the backscattered echoes. The displacement is estimated using the methods of cross-correlation between consecutive ultrasonic lines of examined tissue, so calculating the degree of similarity of ultrasonic echoes acquired from tissue before and after the compression was applied. The next step in the development of ultrasound palpation was to apply the local remote tissue compression by using the acoustic radiation force generated through the special beam forming of the ultrasonic beam probing the tissue. The acoustic radiation force causes a slight deformation the tissue thereby forming a shear wave propagating in the tissue at different speeds dependent on the stiffness of the tissue. Shear wave elastography, carries great hopes in the field of quantitative imaging of tissue lesions. This article describes the physical basis of both elastographic methods: compression elastography and shear wave elastography.
Modeling and Scaling of Food Dispersions

Scaling laws, determined by dimensional analysis, have been used to make experimental predictions of constitutive shear-flow rheology. This study aimed to scale and model the flow curves of various suspensions consisting of xanthan gum (0.5, 1 wt%) and WPI (2, 4 wt%), and to determine the best-scaling law and rheological model. The scaling methods were relative viscosity, Péclet number, and Reynolds number. When the apparent viscosity is reduced relative to the viscosity of the medium at zero-shear rate, a distinct reduced flow curve is obtained, regardless of xanthan and WPI concentrations. This study tough to develop a technique of simplifying complex non-Newtonian flow curves and, therefore, predicting the rheological flow curves and fluid mechanics when different modifiers are added to food suspensions. The flow behavior of all samples was successfully modeled with the power law, Ellis, and Cross models; the power law model best described the flow behavior of dispersions. Results showed that both G′ and G″ increased with xanthan and WPI. However, viscoelastic behavior was mainly governed by the xanthan gum content.
GENERATING ANIME FACES FROM HUMAN FACES WITH ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS

The generative adversarial network has achieved a huge success in the generative algorithm. Besides the generating hand-written digits, human faces, indoor designs, and many other images from noise, more and more researchers applied the adversarial techniques on style transfer task, which is also regarded as domain transfer task, in the past three years. In this work, we aim at generating anime-style faces from human faces in the real world. We construct a Face2Anime Dataset, performed the generative adversarial learning on it, and evaluate the result at the end.
Topic Modelling Brazilian Supreme Court Lawsuits

The present work proposes the use of Latent Dirichlet Allocation to model Extraordinary Appeals received by Brazil’s Supreme Court. The data consist of a corpus of 45,532 lawsuits manually annotated by the Court’s experts with theme labels, a multi-class and multi-label classification task. We initially train models with 10 and 30 topics and analyze their semantics by examining each topic’s most relevant words and their most representative texts, aiming to evaluate model interpretability and quality. We also train models with 30, 100, 300 and 1,000 topics, and quantitatively evaluate their potential using the topics to generate feature vectors for each appeal. These vectors are then used to train a lawsuit theme classifier. We compare traditional bag-of-words approaches (word counts and tf-idf values) with the topic-based text representation to assess topic relevancy. Our topics semantic analysis demonstrate that our models with 10 and 30 topics were capable of capturing some of the legal matters discussed by the Court. In addition, our experiments show that the model with 300 topics was the best text vectoriser and that the interpretable, low dimensional representations it generates achieve good classification results.
Pilot-Plant Preparation of 3,4-Dihydropyridin-2-one Derivatives, the Core Structures of P2X7 Receptor Antagonists

The pilot-plant syntheses of 3 and 4, the core structures of a series of P2X7 antagonists are described. The sole stereogenic center in the dihydropyridinone ring was generated by catalytic desymmetrization. Selective formylation, followed by a tandem imination/lactamization sequence, produced the 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-one ring. The compounds 3 and 4 were produced at multikilogram scale in good overall yield (∼22% over six steps) and excellent stereochemical purity (97% ee for 3, 100% ee for 4).
The Reduction Behavior of Fe-Mo-O Catalysts Studied by Temperature-Programmed Reduction Combined with in Situ Mössbauer Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction

Abstract The reduction processes of Fe-Mo-O catalysts with different Fe/Mo atomic ratios were studied by means of temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). In particular, the reduction process of a sample with an Fe/Mo ratio of 0.29 was investigated in detail in combination with in situ Mossbauer spectroscopy (MBS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Five peaks are observed in the TPR profile of this sample with peak temperatures at 853, 910, 952, 1014, and 1233 K, respectively, indicating that the reduction of the catalyst proceeds via five stages. MBS and XRD showed that the phases in the sample are MoO 3 and Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 before TPR. At the first TPR peak (853 K), Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 was completely transformed into β-FeMoO 4 and Mo 4 O 11 , while MoO 3 was not affected. The β-FeMoO 4 phase that formed can convert to α-FeMoO 4 when the reduced sample is exposed to air at room temperature. The second TPR peak (910 K) corresponds to the reduction of MoO 3 to MoO 2 . At the third TPR peak (952 K), Mo 4 O 11 was reduced to MoO 2 and most of the β-FeMoO 4 was transformed to Fe 2 Mo 3 O 8 and Fe 3 O 4 . The Mossbauer spectrum of FeMo 3 O 8 can be fitted with two doublets (IS = 0.90 mm/sec, QS = 0.58 mm/sec and IS = 1.03 mm/sec, QS = 1.05 mm/sec). It is interesting to note that at this stage some Fe 2+ ions were reoxidized to Fe 3+ , and Fe 3 O 4 is formed, probably due to the reaction between Mo 6+ and Fe 2+ in β-FeMoO 4 . At the fourth TPR peak (1014 K), β-FeMoO 4 was completely converted and the Fe-Mo alloy (a singlet in the Mossbauer spectrum with IS = -0.21 mm/sec) was formed, resulting from the reduction of MoO 2 and Fe 3 O 4 or Fe 2 Mo 3 O 8 . At the last peak (1233 K), all the metal oxides (MoO 2 and Fe 3 O 4 or Fe 2 Mo 3 O 8 ) were reduced to metals. The products detected are Fe 3 Mo alloy and metallic molybdenum.
Zinc priming promotes seed germination and seedling vigor of rice

The present study evaluated effects of seed zinc (Zn) priming at concentrations from 0 to 25 mM ZnSO4 on seedling vigor and viability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Zinc priming substantially increased Zn concentration in the husk, but not in brown rice. The movement of primed Zn from the husk into the inner layers of rice seed during germination was suggested by Zn concentration declining in the husk coinciding with the increase in brown rice over time (r = –0.62; p < 1%), which did not happen in unprimed seed. Zinc priming significantly enhanced seedling growth and development up to 5 mM. Germination rate, root number, and dry weight were much higher than in unprimed seed, but higher Zn concentrations (10 and 25 mM) depressed seedling vigor. Priming rice seed with 2.5 mM Zn also improved the germination rate of rice in a Zn-deficient soil, with or without soil Zn application. The results confirm that priming rice seed with Zn can improve germination and seedling vigor and for the first time show how Zn requirement of germinating rice seed and seedlings can be met by the prime Zn accumulated in the husk.
Embedded Systems Dilemma of Chip Memory Diversity by Scratchpad Memory for Cache On-chip Memory

: - The aim of this paper is the problem of chip memory selection for computationally intensive applications by proposing scratch pad memory as an alternative to cache. Area and energy for different scratch pad and cache size are computed using CACTI tools while performance was evaluated using the trace results. In this paper, an algorithm integrated into a compiler is presented which analyses the application and selects program and data parts which are placed into the scratchpad. Comparisons against a cache solution show remarkable advantages between 12% and 43% in energy consumption for designs of the same memory size.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME BABYLON PROVINCE WELLS WATER AND CONFORMITY TO STANDARD DRINKING WATER OF IRAQ

The current study was conducted to identify the groundwater quality of three sites in Babil governorate (Al-Hamzah AlGharbi, Al-Mahaweel, Al-Shomali) and their suitability for human and plant use. The study included the measurement of some physical and chemical properties. The water temperature in the well were ranged between (24.11-26.66C0) and were within the permissible limits for Iraqi drinking water (1998). The dissolved oxygen level was ranged between (1.87-5.54 mg/ l). The BOD was ranged from (0.28-1.55 mg/l) and were within the limits permitted by the Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control (2001). The water’s pH (7.26-7.69) in the wells were within the allowed Iraqi borders (2001). The wells water hardness rang was between (604.66-116.88 mg/l) which is higher than the limits allowed for human drinking. The electrical conductivity rang was between (1554.77-3505.55ms/ cm) and exceeded all the Iraqi determinants (1998). The water wells can be classified within the category of salinity, where the salinity level has to be ranged between (0.69-1.68ppt). Total dissolved solids rang was between (1011.33-24083 mg /l) and exceeded the Iraqi and international limits, While plant nutrients rang was between (imperceptible 0.24 micrograms/liter) which is less than the limits allowed. Nitrate rang was between (1.53-5.24 mcg/l). The phosphorus level in water’s well was low and ranged from (imperceptible -0.43 mcg /l). Calcium concentration was from (107.08-289.06 mg/l) which is higher than the permissible limits for Iraqi drinking water (1996). The magnesium concentration in the well water was ranged between (64.2-139.8 mg). Sodium concentration was between (176.88-652.44 mg/l) and exceeded the Iraqi limits allowed for drinking by the standardization and quality control system (2001). The study recorded potassium levels ranging from (5-16.22 mg/l) and was observed to be among the standard determinants of Iraqi drinking water (1996). Chloride percentage in the wells studied were ranged from (164.77-474.66 mg/l) and the majority were not compliant with the Iraqi drinking water standards (1996). The sodium adsorption rate was high (16.38-58.57mE /l). The values of (temp, EC, salinity, PO4, Ca, mg, Na, K, Cl, SAR, T.D.S) were higher than those observed in adjacent river waters, while The values of (Do, pH, NO2, NO3) were lower in the wells studied than in neighboring river waters.
The Polity of Regional Integration Development and the Challenges Hampering Southern Africa Economic Growth

This paper explored the polity of regional integration development and the challenges hampering the southern Africa economic growth. The study finds that the design and structure of the African regional development within the integration schemes is around inward-looking industrialization that is intended to facilitate economic costs of participation for member states. This often remains unevenly distributed among member states. Most countries in Africa linger highly reliant on agriculture and yet suffer from high levels of unemployment and food insecurity in the continent. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the “African regional integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) sub-regional schemes to be most focused on developing whatsoever synergies that may exist to promote both socio-economic development and regional security across borders, which may hamper the policy implementation through good governance and ethical valued approach. Qualitatively, this paper collected data and analysis them based on content, using secondary sources from different domains, including Google scholars, Scorpius repositories.
Perceived career parental support and identity development: a study on adolescents

Identity development is a lifelong process that goes through a particularly important phase in adolescence; during this period young people are engaged in the identity development process and are committed to making important choices for their future. Parents can act as a support in making sure that these choices are made in line with their own interests and identity, thus contributing to the general development of identity. In this study, we wanted to analyze how career support from parents is related to the development of identity and if it could be a mediator between commitment and exploration in depth. The sample consists of 250 students aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.02, SD = 1.77) and the measures used are: Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) and Parental career-related behaviors questionnaire (PCB). Research findings with implications for practice will be discussed.