Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
About the concept of particle: an introduction

In this paper we consider important aspects characterizing the physical concept of particle. Starting by a possible definition, we deal with classical and quantum aspects of particles, reality and dimensionality. We considering then theoretical developments related to the gravitational interaction about the notion of particle in quantum field theories (QFT) and how the concept of "point-like particle" changes in consideration to the recent theories of unification of forces in physics, in particular in relation to superstring theories and quantum gravity.
Labour market in Albania. Identifing the shortages of skills in the labor market.

The labor market is a relationship between the demand (persons who seek work) and supply (job vacancies). The labor market is very complex, to study it we have to know better the characteristics of its variables, ie demand and supply. The Good compatibility between demand and supply is the golden key to well-functioning of labor market. Using the data obtained from questionnaires issued to study the labor market, many shortages are revealed in some sectors, especially in some professions, in terms of labor power, Identification of the skills and training needs of companies is the essence of consultation, orientation to career and training services. The survey through questionnaires is used as a means of research. The Information obtained from the research on needed skills ought to become an integral part of the Information System on Labor Market (ISLM). The Information on Labor Market that was usually collected through employment services, education and vocational training departments and national training agencies, facilitates the analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness of the training system and estimation of training demand, and enables the employment services and training providers to make possible the adjustment of both, demand and supply. as well. Concerning Albania, it is important to develop effective institutions and policies on labor market in order to reduce the inefficiencies and to create more job vacancies. In this aspect, we need to understand better what is happening with the economy. The results of the study suggest the existence of strong national divisions and regional labor market in terms of age and gender, which are so strong that even if you have in mind the caution that is dictated by the given samlpe it is felt that further investigation will be justified. Key Words: labor market, population, skills, vacancies, gender
Ocean FEST: Families Exploring Science Together

Abstract This project engages elementary school students, parents, teachers, and administrators in ocean-themed family science nights based on a proven model. Our key goals are to: (1) educate participants about ocean and earth science issues that are relevant to their communities; and (2) inspire more underrepresented students, including Native Hawaiians, Filipinos, Pacific Islanders, and girls, to pursue careers in the ocean and earth sciences. Hawaii, the Pacific Islands, and Pacific Rim nations will be disproportionately affected by the impacts of global climate change, including rising sea levels, coastal erosion, coral reef degradation, and ocean acidification. Therefore, it is essential to train local geoscientists in these communities. Although designed for Hawaii's students in grades 3–6 and their families, this ocean-themed program can be effective with a range of audiences.
A Volatility and Persistence-Based Core Inflation

Intuitively core inflation is understood as a measure of inflation where noisy price movements are avoided. This is typically achieved by either excluding or downplaying the importance of the most volatile items. However, some of those items show high persistence, and one certainly does not want to disregard persistent price changes. The non equivalence between volatility and (the lack of) persistence implies that when one excludes volatile items relevant information is likely to be discarded. Therefore we propose a new type of core inflation measure, one that takes simultaneously into account both volatility and persistence. The evidence shows that such measures far outperform those based on either volatility or persistence
A Conceptual Model of the Instructionally Effective School: Confronting the Whys, Whats and Hows.

Although the "what" of schooling has become clearer through a convergence of research findings, educators still do not understand the "hows" of effectively using that knowledge to make necessary changes. This paper's objectives are to argue the necessity of fundamental changes in the patterns of schooling (the "whys") and to present a conceptual model of an instructionally effective school. This model contains two elements (the "whats" and the "hows") essential for creating schools that will ensure optimal effectiveness for all students. The imperative for school reform is grounded in three perspectives: economic, sociopolitical, and moral. The instructionally effective school model is driven by the central shared belief that all children can learn. Around this belief (mission), as a chart illustrates, are four domains of knowledge: (1) the design, implementation, and evaluation of the curriculum; (2) instructional strategies; (3) effective schools research; and (4) theories of change. Surrounding the knowledge domains are the processes empowering educators to transform goals and beliefs into reality, including collaborative decision-making models, effective interpersonal communication skills, problem-solving strategies, conflict management strategies, and caring for each other as adults. The interrelationships of these components, as well as barriers to collaborative processes in schools, are discussed in detail. (37 references) (MLH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the bes'c that can be made from tne original document. ***********************************************************I. *********** A Conceptual Model of the Instructionally Effective School: Confronting the Whys, Whats and Hows
Effect of natural antioxidant treatment and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality and shelf-life of chilled beef

The possibility for quality improvement and shelf life extension of beef trimmings and beef knuckles by a combination of modified atmosphere packaging (80%О2/20%СО2) and superficial spraying with taxifolin solution (1 g/dm) was studied. This type of treatment reduced by 10 – 27 % amino nitrogen content and by 7 – 12 % acid value, of beef cuts stored at 0 ± 0.5°С. According to the microbiological tests the shelf-life of beef treated with taxifolin and packaged in modified atmosphere was extended with 6 days (up to 18 d post mortem) in comparison with air-packed samples. Taxifolin treatment of air-packaged beef was not effective for shelf-life extension. The combined application of taxifolin treatment and modified atmosphere packaging improved quality and extend shelf-life of chilled beef.
Congruent Accuracy of Wrist-worn Activity Trackers during Controlled and Free-living Conditions

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 575-584, 2018. To examine activity tracker accuracy for measuring steps, energy expenditure, and heart rate in controlled and free-living conditions. Forty participants performed four, five-minute stages (walking: 53.7 m·min-1, 80.5 m·min-1; running: 134.1 m·min-1, 160.9 m·min-1) while wearing the Fitbit Charge HR (FB) and the Mio FUSE (MF) activity trackers. Measurements included steps, energy expenditure (kcals), and heart rate (beats·min-1). In addition to the FB and MF, participants wore the NL-1000 (NL) activity tracker during waking hours of the subsequent day. One way ANOVAs with Tukey’s post hoc analyses were performed to compare mean values for steps, kcals, and mean heart rate between the FB, MF, and criterion measures. Levels of agreement for heart rate with 95% confidence intervals were examined with Bland-Altman plots. Compared to criterion measures, the FB and MF underestimated steps and overestimated kcals at 53.7 m·min-1 (FB: 12.7% for steps, 89.2% for kcals; MF: 15.8% for steps, 44.9% for kcals, p<.001) and 80.5 m·min-1 (FB: 9.7% for steps, 69.9% for kcals; MF: 13.4% for steps, 32.0% for kcals, p<.001). During free-living conditions, the MF significantly underestimated steps by 30.0% (p<.05). Increasing exercise intensity is indicative of heightened accuracy for step detection and kcal estimation for the FB and MF, while decreasing heart rate accuracy for the FB. However, the MF performed poorly for estimating total daily activity.
Why is Nature Able to Mold Some Phenotypes More Readily than Others? Investigating the Structure, Function and Evolution of ßeta-2 Tubulin in Drosophila Melanogaster

iii DEDICATION.v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. vi LIST OF FIGURES. ix LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND NOTATIONS. xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 Examples of Adaption . 1 1.2 Selection Acting on Drosophilid Sperm . 5 1.3 Drosophila Spermtail Components . 7 1.4 Review of Previous Studies . 8 1.5 Current Experiment . 11 CHAPTER 2: SEARCH FOR ORTHOLOGOUS SPECIES. 13 2.
Re-encryption Scheme

Proxy re-encryption allows a proxy to transform a ciphertext computed under Alice’s public key into one that can be opened under Bob’s decryption key. In CANS’08, Deng et al. proposed the first bidirectional IND-PRE-CCA2 secure proxy re-encryption without parings. Later, in PKC’09, Shao et al. proposed the first unidirectional IND-PRE-CCA2 secure proxy re-encryption without parings. But both of these schemes prove their security in the random oracle. They left an open problem of constructing (bidirectional or unidirectional) INDPRE-CCA2 secure proxy re-encryption scheme in the standard model yet without pairings. In this paper, we try to solve this open problem by proposing two new restricted IND-PRE-CCA2 secure bidirectional proxy re-encryption schemes without pairing nor random oracle.
The design and implementation of intelligent office systems based on the intelligent interactive technology

Office Automation refers to the use of modern office equipments, computer, communication and Internet technology to replace manual labor office staff thus greatly improve office efficiency and work quality. With further increase the pace of construction of college information, the demand for university internal information platform for building more and more urgent. For this reason, this paper designs and implements the intelligent office systems based on the intelligent interactive technology. The related technologies, Smart Home System, Kinect Sensor and Active Server Pages are introduced, and the requirement of intelligent office systems is analyzed. The design and implement solution of intelligent office systems is proposed based on the intelligent interactive technology. The experiment results show that the presented method can implement the somatosensory interaction control for smart office effectively.
and monetary transmission

Institutional environment and monetary transmission in the euro area: a cross-country view This paper provides a brief overview of the main issues at stake related to institutional structure and monetary transmission in Europe. We argue that differences in institutional arrangements, both economic and legal, are potential causes of differences in monetary transmission mechanisms among European countries. Moreover, the paper provides circumstantial evidence that in the (near) future financial structures and institutions in the Eurosystem, and hence monetary transmission mechanisms, will converge further. Institutional structures related to anti-inflationary policy stance of the European Central Bank may therefore result in a more US-style financial structure, but differences related to legal and economic structures are sticky and will, for the time being, remain.
Evaluation of Tomato Genetic Resources for Response to Water Deficit

Water deficit strongly affects plant yield and quality. However, plants can minimize drought injury by adaptation mechanisms that have evolved to escape harmful conditions. The response to water deprivation is a complex trait controlled by several genes. In order to gain a deeper understanding of drought response mechanisms in tomato, a collection of 27 genotypes was studied under different water deficit conditions. Since developmental stages might be differently influenced by drought, analyses were carried out on young plantlets during fruit setting. The only genotype that showed good performances both as water retention and fruit production was the ecotype Siccagno. All the genotypes were analyzed at molecular level with the aim of detecting structural polymorphisms in selected stress-responsive genes. In addition, the expression level of a number of these genes was measured in the genotypes more tolerant to water deficit. Many polymorphisms were detected in six stress-responsive genes, and some could imply significant modifications in the protein structure. Furthermore, the expression analysis by RT-qPCR of three stress-responsive genes allowed arguing that a higher level of expression of the gene erd15 might be related to the better response to water deficit exhibited by Siccagno. Similarly, the lower expression of eight genes in the same genotype analysed through a microarray experiment confirmed the involvement of these stress-related genes in the tomato response to drought. Further investigations are required for a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying response to water deficit in tomato by exploiting the genetic resource identified as more tolerant. The use of new technologies able to globally analyze structural polymorphism and expression level of genes will succeed to identify crucial genes involved in stress response in the ecotype Siccagno grown under different water regimes.
Quantifying Renal Swelling during Machine Perfusion using Digital Image Correlation

While machine perfusion of explanted kidneys is theoretically superior to standard cold storage, it may damage potential transplants unless machine-associated swelling is controlled. This thesis presents the effects of perfusate tonicity on renal swelling during hypothermic machine perfusion. Phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and PBS supplemented with 5% w/v mannitol were used as isotonic (289 mOsm/kg) and hypertonic (568 mOsm/kg) perfusates, respectively. Porcine kidney pairs were procured then flushed and machine perfused; the right and left kidneys were assigned opposite perfusates. An experimental methodology was developed to image porcine kidneys undergoing hypothermic machine perfusion (5 °C) for 15 minutes followed by 120 minutes without perfusion to quantify surface displacement (renal swelling) with digital image correlation (DIC). Surface displacement and size (thickness) were compared between the right and left kidneys of each pair. In addition, discharged renal fluids (i.e., filtrate and venous outflow) and biopsies were collected. On average, kidneys perfused with the mannitol solution were smaller in size than the kidneys perfused with PBS (p < 0.05) at the start and end of each experiment; however, there was no significant difference between the renal sizes at the end of the 15 minute perfusion interval (p > 0.05). Thus, hypertonic and isotonic perfusates yielded different renal swelling outcomes (i.e., physical size and surface displacement), which suggests that perfusate tonicity influences renal swelling. These experiments are the first time ex vivo renal surface displacement measurements have been collected during machine perfusion. Quantifying Renal Swelling during Machine Perfusion using Digital Image Correlation
The Exploration of Face Recognition Techniques

Face recognition systems have gained a great deal of popularity due to the wide range of applications that they have proved to be useful. From a commercial standpoint, face recognition is practical in security systems for law enforcement situations at places like airports and international borders where the need arises for identification of individuals. Another application of face recognition is the protection of privacy, obviating the need for exchanging sensitive personal information. In this paper, we have explored different techniques of face recognition.
MODELING THE GENERATION CONDITIONS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC Pc 1 EMISSIONS

According to the bouncing-wave model for generation of magnetospheric Pc1 emissions, the generation is possible if the total two-hop gain of an ion-cyclotron wave (ICW), taking into account possible losses, exceeds the unity. In this paper, we study the behavior of the total ICW gain comprising the cyclotron amplification Γ near the equatorial plane due to resonant wave-particle interactions and losses due to the wave reflection from conjugate ionospheres. We calculate the total gain G= R∗ R∗ e for different local times and seasons at different latitudes. The reflection coefficients in the northern and southern hemispheres, R and R, respectively, are calculated using the IRI ionospheric model. For calculations of the Alfven wave amplification Γ, recently published equatorial cold plasma density model is used. To select the favorable conditions for the ICW generation, we apply the constraint G>1. Using this constraint, the generation frequencies as well as the regions of most probable generation are found.
Laser Velocimeter Measurements in the Pump of an Automotive Torque Converter Part I – Effect of Speed Ratio

A torque converter was tested at four turbine/pump rotational speed ratios (0.200, 0.400, 0.600, and 0.800) all with a constant pump rotational speed in order to determine the effect of speed ratio on the torque converter pump flow field. Laser velocimetry was used to measure three components of velocity within the pump and a shaft encoder was employed to record the instantaneous pump angular position. Shaft encoder information was correlated with measured velocities to develop flow field blade-to-blade profiles and vector plots. Measurements were obtained in both the pump mid- and exit planes for all four speed ratios. Results showed large separation regions and jet/wake flows throughout the pump. The midplane flow was found to have strong counter-clockwise secondary components and the exit plane flow had strong clockwise secondary components. Mass flows were calculated from the velocity data and were found to decrease as the speed ratio was increased. Also, the vorticity and slip factors were calculated from the experimental data and are included. The mid-plane slip factors compare favorably to those for conventional centrifugal pumps but less slip was present in the exit plane than the mid-plane. Neither the slip factor nor the vorticity were seen to be strongly affected by the speed ratio. Finally, the torque core-to-shell and blade-to-blade torque distributions are presented for both planes.
Integration of Small Farmers into Value Chains: Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia

The economic breakdown of the early transition process weighed heavily on food supply relationships in the Eastern European and Central Asian (EECA) countries. Small and medium-sized farm suppliers and processors suffered from lack of necessary production inputs whereas processors and retailers faced problems of insufficient quantity and quality of supplies. At the same time, changes in consumer demand as well as the accompanying entry of foreign investors in the retail and processing sectors necessitated significant and lengthy reforms and adjustments in the structure of food commodity chains to overcome these problems. Based on an extensive literature overview and a synthesis of five case studies conducted upon the assignment of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the current chapter demonstrates how small and mediumsized food processors manage to install effective procurement systems in weak institutional environments of EECA. The chapter also identifies the factors that drive small farmer-processor business linkages and their integration into national and international value chains in order to develop options for support and assistance.
Distribution and Growth after Keynes: A Post-Keynesian Guide

Contents: 1. Introduction 2. From Keynes to Domar and Harrod: Considering the Capacity Effect of Investment and an Attempt at Dynamic Theory 3. Neoclassical DIstribution and Growth Theory: Old and New - and a Critique 4. Post-Keynesian Distribution and Growth Theories I: Kaldor, Pasinetti, Thirlwall and Robinson 5. Post-Keynesian Distribution and Growth Theories II: Kalecki and Steindl 6. The Basic Kaleckian Distribution and Growth Models 7. Extending Kaleckian Models I: Saving out of Wages and Open Economy Issues 8. Extending Kaleckian Models II: Technical Progress 9. Extending Kaleckian Models III: Interest and Credit 10. Extending Kaleckian Models IV: Finance-dominated Capitalism 11. The Kaleckian Models and Classical, Marxian and Harrodian Critique 12. Conclusions Appendix References Index
Towards Human on a Chip: Recent Progress and Future Perspective

A system of multiple organs integrated on a single chip or human on a chip (HUC) has a great potential for drug discovery. Such a system helps to advance the fundamental understanding of diseases as well as the complex interactions between cells, tissues and organs. HUC models will potentially overcome the shortcomings of traditional animal models such as high cost, incompatibility with human physiology, the inability to control and manipulate the microenvironment in vivo and the lack of efficacy. The matching length scale of biological structures and micromachined components makes a microfluidic chip the ideal platform to investigate physiological events. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art of the development of HUC. The paper also provides a perspective on the integration of cell culture on a chip to create an ethical human model and to provide insights into the sensitivity of different cell constructs on drugs.
First-principles accurate total energy surfaces for polar structural distortions of BaTiO 3 , PbTiO 3 , and SrTiO 3 : Consequences for structural transition temperatures

Specific forms of the exchange-correlation energy functionals in first-principles density-functional-theory-based calculations, such as the local-density approximation (LDA) and generalized-gradient approximations (GGA), give rise to structural lattice parameters with typical errors of $\ensuremath{-}2\mathrm{%}$ and 2%. Due to a strong coupling between structure and polarization, the order parameter of ferroelectric transitions, they result in large errors in estimation of temperature-dependent ferroelectric structural transition properties. Here, we employ a recently developed GGA functional of Wu and Cohen [Phys. Rev. B 73, 235116 (2006)] and determine total energy surfaces for zone-center distortions of ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$, ${\text{PbTiO}}_{3}$, and ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$ and compare them with the ones obtained with calculations based on standard LDA and GGA. Confirming that the Wu and Cohen functional allows better estimation of structural properties at 0 K, we determine a set of parameters defining the effective Hamiltonian for ferroelectric transition in ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$. Using the new set of parameters, we perform molecular-dynamics simulations under effective pressures $p=0.0\text{ }\text{GPa}$, $p=\ensuremath{-}2.0\text{ }\text{GPa}$, and $p=\ensuremath{-}0.005T\text{ }\text{GPa}$. The simulations under $p=\ensuremath{-}0.005T\text{ }\text{GPa}$, which is for simulating thermal expansion, show a clear improvement in the cubic to tetragonal transition temperature and $c/a$ parameter of its ferroelectric tetragonal phase, while the description of transitions at lower temperatures to orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases is marginally improved. Our findings augur well for use of Wu-Cohen functional in studies of ferroelectrics at nanoscale, particularly in the form of epitaxial films where the properties depend crucially on the lattice mismatch.