Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding ecology and condition of larval and pelagic juvenile redfish Sebastes spp.

Eggs and nauplii of Calanus finmarchicus were the preferred prey types of redfish larvae whereas Oithona spp. copepodites were not, even though they were within the preferred size range. Significant seasonal and annual differences in larval diet of redfish resulted from differences in the availability of preferred prey. Seasonally, feeding was related to the succession of the spring dominance of C. finmarchicus to summer dominance of Oithona spp. Interannually, feeding was related to differences in the timing of spring spawning and temperature-dependent development of C. finmarchicus. Earlier spawning and faster development of C. finmarchicus, dependent on warmer water temperatures, resulted in poorer feeding conditions for redfish larvae. Under these conditions redfish larvae: (1) ate predominantly nauplii and copepodites of Oithona spp. ; (2) ate less food by weight; (3) had lower relative body condition; and (4) there was a delayed size at metamorphosis from larvae to pelagic juveniles. Total prey concentrations between years did not determine better feeding and condition of redfish larvae, whereas the availability of preferred prey types did. Specifically, a lower abundance of C. finmarckrcus nauplii resulted in better feeding conditions than a higher abundance of Oithona spp. copepodites. These results emphasize that measuring total prey biomass within preferred prey sizes is not sufficient when evaluating larval redfish feeding conditions. There was a switch in diet for pelagic juveniles to include Oithona spp. copepodtes as preferred prey, in addition to copepod eggs and nauplu. T h s switch in diet coincided with changing prey availability due to the seasonal succession of zooplankton on Flemish Cap, Canada. Metamorphosis from larvae to juveniles at smaller sizes and younger ages is hypothesized to be advantageous to annual survival of redfish due to an increased foraging ability.
Population transfer to high angular momentum states in infrared-assisted XUV photoionization of helium

An extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser pulse consisting of harmonics of a fundamental near-infrared (NIR) laser frequency is combined with the NIR pulse to systematically study two-color photoionization of helium atoms. A time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiment is carried out where energy- and angle-resolved photoelectron distributions are obtained as a function of the NIR intensity and wavelength. Time-dependent Schrödinger equation calculations are performed for the conditions corresponding to the experiment and used to extract residual populations of Rydberg states resulting from excitation by the XUV + NIR pulse pair. The residual populations are studied as a function of the NIR intensity (3.5 × 1010 − 8 × 1012 W cm−2) and wavelength (760–820 nm). The evolution of the photoelectron distribution and the residual populations are interpreted using an effective restricted basis model, which includes the minimum set of states relevant to the features observed in the experiments. As a result, a comprehensive and intuitive picture of the laser-induced dynamics in helium atoms exposed to a two-color XUV–NIR light field is obtained.
Effects of Salbutamol, a β2-Adrenergic Agonist, on Muscles of Growing Pigs Fed Different Levels of Dietary Protein: I. Muscle Fibre Properties and Muscle Protein Accretion

Abstract Dietary inclusion of salbutamol (3 ppm), a β2-adrenergic agonist, to growing pigs fed either a normal or a high level of dietary protein from 25 to 90 kg body weight, resulted in a pronounced increase in the protein accretion rate of skeletal muscles. This effect was two-fold higher when pigs were fed the high level compared to the normal level of dietary protein (16 vs. 7%). Histochemical analysis of slow-twitch (ST) and fast-twitch fibres (FTa and FTb) of biopsy samples taken either in vivo by a biopsy needle or post mortem from M. longissimus dorsi (LD) and M. biceps femoris (BF) demonstrated an increase in the relative area of the muscles occupied by FTb fibres. This was mainly due to a reduced frequency of the smaller FTa fibres and an increased frequency of the larger FTb fibres, which indicates an FTa to FTb fibre type conversion induced by salbutamol. In BF, a reduction in the frequency of and the relative area occupied by ST fibres was also found. The changes had already occured at 45 kg.
Long‐term changes in the assemblage of demersal fishes and invertebrates in relation to environmental variations in Tokyo Bay, Japan

Long-term changes in the demersal assemblage, including both fishes and invertebrates, in Tokyo Bay, Japan, were examined between 1977 and 1995. A total of 255 species were collected, of which 113 were regarded as representative in terms of occurrence. Multivariate analyses of the representative species showed that fluctuations in the catch were related to three periods that reflected changes in relative abundance and species composition. In particular, mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria (de Haan), whipfin dragonet, Repomucenus valenciennei (Temminck & Schlegel), and marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae Gunther, showed high dominance in the mid-1980s. Discriminant analysis suggested that the demersal assemblage changed synchronously with environmental conditions. Causes of the temporal changes in the demersal assemblage in relation to variations in environmental factors are discussed.
Cylophosphamide elicited intracranial hemorrhage via mitochondrial ROS-hif-1α-ATP depleting pathway—preventive trials with folic acid, resveratrol and vitamin E

Hepatic CYP2B metabolizes cyclophosphamide (CP) into acrolein and phosphoramide mustard, which are the ultimate toxic teratogenic compounds. To determine whether folic acid (FA), resveratrol (RV) and vitamin E (vitE) could prevent these adverse effects, we carried out this study with CP at 20–60 nM. CP at 40 nM yielded maximum malformation (58.3 ± 4.2%) with a minimum mortality rate (58.3 ± 4.5%) and severe neural tube defects (NTDs). CP (40 nM) was co-administered with nutraceutics (each at 0.2 and 2.0 μM) applied to day-zero chicken embryo models (CEMs) and the biochemical parameters in brains were examined. CP upregulated (vs. control) hydrogen peroxide (HPO) (1.75/1.05 μmol per μg protein), hif-1α gene (1.5 fold), and HIF-1α protein (1.87 fold). CP downregulated glutathione (3.0/5.2 μmol per μg protein), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) (10/22 U per mg protein) and ATP production (0.52 ± 0.7/1.23 ± 0.4 pmol per μg protein) (p 20 U per mg protein, and ATP to >1.2 pmol per mg protein. As a consequence, the intracranial hemorrhage was completely alleviated. Interestingly, vitE at 2.0 μM slightly upregulated the hif-1α gene, and suppressed GSH, CCO, and ATP production, which was suggested to be due to limited permeability through the blood brain barrier and the formation of tocopheryl free radicals. Conclusively, CP tends to elicit intracranial hemorrhaging via the mitochondrial ROS-hif-1α-ATP depletion pathway. For the prevention of such teratogenicity, FA and RV at 2.0 μM are more effective than vitE.
Shadow Education in Germany: Compensatory or Status Attainment Strategy? Findings from the German LifE Study

Extract ----- Abstract In Germany we observe a strong increase in the enrolment in shadow education (‘Nachhilfe’) over the last two decades. To explain this development we draw on social reproduction theories identifying two strategies: (1) families seek competitive advantages for their children to maintain or achieve an advantageous education level (status attainment strategy); and (2) families seek performance improvement for their low performing children in order to meet the high demands in the pursuit of the highest school diploma (compensatory strategy). To test our theoretical ideas, we estimate regression models using data from the 2012 German LifE study. We find that shadow education is primarily used by disadvantaged educational strata to deal with higher demands in school. We conclude that the increased investment in Nachhilfe is an unintended but not yet negative outcome of educational expansion and recent educational reforms in Germany. Keywords: shadow education, private tutoring, Nachhilfe, social inequality, Germany ----- Bibliography: Entrich, Steve R. /Lauterbach, Wolfgang: Shadow Education in Germany: Compensatory or Status Attainment Strategy? Findings from the German LifE Study, IJREE – International Journal for Research on Extended Education, Vol. 7, Issue 2-2019, pp. 143-159. https://doi.org/10.3224/ijree.v7i2. 04
Regulation by Interleukin-1β of Gene Expression of Bradykinin B1 Receptor in MH-S Murine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Line

Abstract The effects of recombinant murine interleukin (IL)-1β on gene expression of murine bradykinin B 1 receptor (BDKRB1) in MH-S murine alveolar macrophage cell line were evaluated. BDKRB1 mRNA expression in MH-S cells was increased by IL-1β (1, 3, and 10 ng/ml) in a time-dependent manner, peaking at 3-4 h by 100-1000 fold. IL-1β (5 ng/ml, 24h) also induced significant binding to [ 3 H]-des-Arg 10 -kallidin with a dissociation constant (K d ) of 2.95 nM and a maximal binding density (B max ) of 670 sites/cell. Des-Arg 10 -kallidin (10 μM), a BDKRB1 agonist, increased intracellular calcium ion ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in IL-1β (5 ng/ml, 24 h)-exposed cells, an increase not observed in the cells not exposed to IL-1β. A significant increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion occurred in the IL-1β (5 ng/ml, 24 h)-exposed cells following addition of des-Arg 10 -kallidin (the IL-1β-exposed group: 57. 8 ± 13.7 vs. the vehicle-exposed group: 16.7 ± 4.3 pg/ml, p 10 -kallidin for 8 h), with an optimal effect at 3-100 nM. These data suggest that IL-1β may up-regulate BDKRB1-mediated functions of alveolar macrophages via an induction of BDKRB1 gene expression.
Method for Observing pHysical Activity and Wellbeing (MOHAWk): validation of an observation tool to assess physical activity and other wellbeing behaviours in urban spaces

ABSTRACT Direct observation of behaviour offers an unobtrusive method of assessing physical activity in urban spaces, which reduces biases associated with self-report. However, there are no existing observation tools that: (1) assess other behaviours that are important for people’s wellbeing beyond physical activity; (2) are suitable for urban spaces that typically have lower numbers of users (e.g. amenity green spaces) or that people pass through (e.g. green corridors); and (3) have been validated in Europe. MOHAWk (Method for Observing pHysical Activity and Wellbeing) is a new observation tool for assessing three levels of physical activity (Sedentary, Walking, Vigorous) and two other evidence-based wellbeing behaviours (Connect: social interactions; Take Notice: taking notice of the environment) in urban spaces. Across three studies, we provide evidence that MOHAWk is reliable and valid from 156 hours of observation by six observers in five urban spaces in the UK. MOHAWk can be used in policy or practice (e.g. by local authorities or developers), or in more formal institutional based research projects. This new tool is an inexpensive and easy-to-use method of generating wellbeing impact evidence in relation to the urban physical or social environment. A manual providing detailed instruction on how to use MOHAWk is provided.
1 H NMR studies on the preferred interactions of guanidinium and C-terminal carboxylate groups in arginine-containing peptides

Interactions between positively charged side-chain residues and C-terminal carboxylate groups are of great importance in stabilizing secondary structures of many biologically active peptide sequences. The conformational properties of the hexapeptide sequence L-Arg-L-Val-Gly-L-Arg-L-Val-Gly with an Arg residue located at the third position from the carboxy terminus and a second Arg moiety at the amino terminus of the molecule, have been investigated in DMSO solution at pH 6.5, by means of 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. The considerable downfield shift of the Arg4NIµH resonance, when the pH of the solution is raised from 2 to 6.5, and the magnetically non-equivalent CβH and Cδ H methylene protons of the same residue at pH 6.5 provide evidence for a non-covalent hydrogen-bonding interaction between Arg4 guanidinium and C-terminal carboxylate groups. The intense backbone–backbone NOE connectivities observed for the L-Arg4-L-Val5-Gly6 C-terminal sequence, the NOE connectivities of Arg4 methylene protons and the retained ABX system of Gly6 C-terminal residue at high temperature are evidence for some mobility restrictions around this part of the molecule, and provide additional confirmation for a particular propensity of the arginine side chain, when occupying a position near the carboxy terminus, to interact with the C-terminal carboxylate group at neutral pH. Absence of ROE connectivities between protons of the Arg1 side chain, and the fact that almost all methylene protons of the same residue appear magnetically equivalent, point out that this Arg moiety does not participate in any intramolecular interaction. Thus, differences in the behaviour of guanidinium side chains of the reported peptide sequence can be used as a general probe for the study of Arg side-chain mobility and for its ability to generate hydrogen-bonding interactions in other peptides and proteins.
Reliable Surrogate Modeling of Antenna Input Characteristics by Means of Domain Confinement and Principal Components

A reliable design of contemporary antenna structures necessarily involves full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis which is the only tool capable of accounting, for example, for element coupling or the effects of connectors. As EM simulations tend to be CPU-intensive, surrogate modeling allows for relieving the computational overhead of design tasks that require numerous analyses, for example, parametric optimization or uncertainty quantification. Notwithstanding, conventional data-driven surrogates are not suitable for handling highly nonlinear antenna characteristics over multidimensional parameter spaces. This paper proposes a novel modeling approach that employs a recently introduced concept of domain confinement, as well as principal component analysis. In our approach, the modeling process is restricted to the region containing high-quality designs with respect to the performance figures of antennas under design, identified using a set of pre-optimized reference designs. The model domain is spanned by the selected principal components of the reference design set, which reduces both its volume and dimensionality. As a result, a reliable surrogate can be constructed over wide ranges of both operating conditions and antenna parameters, using small training datasets. Our technique is demonstrated using two antenna examples and is favorably compared to both conventional and constrained modeling approaches. Application case studies (antenna optimization) are also discussed.
Radial variations in cation exchange capacity and base saturation rate in the wood of pedunculate oak and European beech

In a mixed forest stand on an ochreous brown earth in the Belgian Ardennes, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) have outwardly decreasing cation concentration profiles in wood. To test if these profiles can be ascribed to endogenous factors or to decreased availability of cations in the soil, radial profiles of water-soluble, exchangeable, and total cations and of cation exchange capacity (CEC) of wood were determined. In both species, 75% of K is in the water-soluble form so is of little use for dendrochemical monitoring. About 80% of Mg is adsorbed on wood exchange sites. For Ca, 30 (beech) to 60% (oak) of total content cannot be extracted by SrCl2 and is, thus, relatively immobile in wood. Wood CEC decreases from pith to bark in European beech and from pith to outer heartwood in pedunculate oak. Decreasing profiles of exchangeable Ca and Mg in pedunculate oak and exchangeable Ca in European beech are strongly constrained by CEC and, thus, are not related to enviro.
Mixotrophy in planktonic protists: an overview

1. An overview is provided of the role of mixotrophic protists in plankton communities. Consideration of the importance of phagotrophy in the evolution of photosynthetic eucaryotes suggests that mixotrophy as a nutritional strategy can arise rather readily. 2. Mixotrophic protists actually present a spectrum of nutritional strategies. However, recognition of distinct groups of mixotrophs based on nutritional behaviour facilitates consideration of their functional role and of competitive interactions with other types of planktonic protists. 3. Consideration of the costs and benefits of mixotrophy as a nutritional strategy allows the development of several empirical predictions about the probable outcome of resource competition between mixotrophs and obligate phototrophs or phagotrophs. Existing results from laboratory and field experiments allow some of these predictions to be evaluated. 4. These results indicate that, under specified conditions, mixotrophs should represent an important link in the flux of materials through planktonic food webs. However, quantifying these fluxes remains a challenge for the future.
A Machine Learning Security Framework for Iot Systems

Internet of Things security is attracting a growing attention from both academic and industry communities. Indeed, IoT devices are prone to various security attacks varying from Denial of Service (DoS) to network intrusion and data leakage. This paper presents a novel machine learning (ML) based security framework that automatically copes with the expanding security aspects related to IoT domain. This framework leverages both Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) enablers for mitigating different threats. This AI framework combines monitoring agent and AI-based reaction agent that use ML-Models divided into network patterns analysis, along with anomaly-based intrusion detection in IoT systems. The framework exploits the supervised learning, distributed data mining system and neural network for achieving its goals. Experiments results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. In particular, the distribution of the attacks using the data mining approach is highly successful in detecting the attacks with high performance and low cost. Regarding our anomaly-based intrusion detection system (IDS) for IoT, we have evaluated the experiment in a real Smart building scenario using one-class SVM. The detection accuracy of anomalies achieved 99.71%. A feasibility study is conducted to identify the current potential solutions to be adopted and to promote the research towards the open challenges.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYCORRHIZA ON SEEDLINGS OF FAGUS SYLVATICA L.

SUMMARY In beech seedlings during their first growing season, both in pot experiments and in natural woodland conditions, the root tips passed through a developmental sequence in which the elongation rate progressively declined, root diameter decreased, the root cap became smaller, and tissue differentiation approached nearer to the apex. Such a spatially precocious differentiation is characteristic of mycorrhizas, where it has generally hitherto been regarded as a consequence of fungal infection, but in these seedlings it was a normal developmental change associated with progressive decline in activity of the root meristem, and was independent of the presence of mycorrhizal fungi. Indeed, mycorrhizal infection occurred only when a root tip had passed through this sequence and elongation had nearly or completely ceased. The formation of mycorrhiza caused a resumption of slow elongation, and a constriction in the root marked the position of the root tip at infection: the mycorrhizal region was swollen owing to cortical cells being expanded in the transverse plane. Certain features of the structure of the root of the host varied quantitatively with the species of mycorrhizal fungus. An attempt is made to identify those aspects of mycorrhizal structure which resulted from normal root development and those which were induced by the fungus.
On the processes shaping reproductive isolation in aphids of the Aphis fabae (Scop.) complex (Aphididae: Homoptera)

Abstract Models of sympatric speciation for phytophagous insects are based on the premise that ecological specialization on different host plants can indirectly result in significant reproductive isolation. A candidate example of host plant shift is provided by the partially reproductively-isolated aphids Aphis fabae fabae and A. f. mordwilkoi , which utilize different hosts for sexual reproduction. However, unexpected isolation based on mating behaviour was found for these two aphids. In olfactometer trials, males responded to the pheromones of females of both subspecies when presented a subspecies in isolation but preferentially to females of the same subspecies in choice tests. On contact, the incidence or duration of between-subspecies copulations was significantly lower than same-subspecies copulations, and spermatozoa were transferred during 88% of the same-subspecies copulations, but only 19% of between-subspecies copulations. These data are indicative of strong pre-zygotic isolation between the subspecies. Complementary restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA and a plasmid (pAFE leu ) in an obligate symbiotic bacterium ( Buchnera ) revealed a paraphyletic relationship among four subspecies of A. fabae ( A. f. fabae , A. f. mordwilkoi , A. f. cirsiiacanthoidis and A. f. solanella ). We discuss how the lack of clear genetic differentiation between A. f. fabae and A. f. mordwilkoi , despite substantial pre-zygotic isolation, may be a consequence of reinforcement.
Identificación y traducción de Expresiones Multipalabra de tipo verbo+sustantivo: análisis de castellano-euskera

espanolEste es un resumen de la tesis doctoral escrita por Uxoa Inurrieta bajo la supervision del Dr. Gorka Labaka y la Dra. Itziar Aduriz. Titulo completo de la tesis en euskera: Izena+aditza Unitate Fraseologikoak gaztelaniatik euskarara: azterketa eta tratamendu konputazionala. La defensa de la tesis se celebro en Donostia-San Sebastian el 29 de Noviembre de 2019, ante el tribunal formado por Ricardo Etxepare (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Margarita Alonso (Universidad de Coruna) y Miren Azkarate (UPV/EHU). EnglishThis is a summary of the PhD thesis written by Uxoa Inurrieta under the supervision of Dr. Gorka Labaka and Dr. Itziar Aduriz. Full title of the PhD thesis in Basque: Izena+aditza Unitate Fraseologikoak gaztelaniatik euskarara: azterketa eta tratamendu konputazionala. The defense was held in San Sebastian on November 29, 2019. The doctoral committee was integrated by Ricardo Etxepare (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Margarita Alonso (Universidad de Coruna) and Miren Azkarate (University of the Basque Country).
Analysis of Air Temperature Distribution in a Closed House for Broiler in Wet Tropical Climate

The objective of this research was to analyze the air temperature distribution in a closed house system for broiler in wet tropical climate by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to figure out the comfort level of the broiler in that system. The dimension of the experimental house was 100 m x 10 m x 2.4 m which could be occupied by 12,000 to 16,000 broiler chickens. The wall was made from expose mercy brick and curtain, plafond was made from galvanize, ventilation system used 6 fans with 1.27 m diameter and cooling pad and in-house lighting system used 60 units of 8 Watt lamps. The analysis of temperature distribution using CFD had high precision as was shown by the small number of average percentage of deviation (6.39%) between analyzed and measured results. Horizontally, the temperature distribution near the cooling pad was lower than others and continued to increase until near the position of the fan. In vertically, the air temperature in the area near the husks and the plafond were higher than the other mesurement points. At that height, the effective temperatures which were still comfort for the broiler were 20.07 oC, 19.81 oC and 20.04 oC at 12:20 h, 13:55 h and 15:20 h, respectively.