Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renin–angiotensin and sympathetic nervous system contribution to high blood pressure in Schlager mice

Objective Schlager hypertensive (BPH/2J) mice have been suggested to have high blood pressure (BP) due to an overactive sympathetic nervous system (SNS), but the contribution of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is unclear. In the present study, we examined the cardiovascular effects of chronically blocking the RAS in BPH/2J mice. Methods Schlager normotensive (BPN/3J, n = 6) and BPH/2J mice (n = 8) received the angiotensin AT1A-receptor antagonist losartan (150 mg/kg per day) in drinking water for 2 weeks. Pre-implanted telemetry devices were used to record mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity. Results MAP was reduced by losartan treatment in BPN/3J (−23 mmHg, P < 0.01) and in BPH/2J mice (−25 mmHg, P < 0.001), whereas HR was increased. Losartan had little effect on initial pressor responses to feeding or to stress, but did attenuate the sustained pressor response to cage-switch stress. During the active period, the hypotension to sympathetic blockade with pentolinium was greater in BPH/2J than BPN/3J (suggesting neurogenic hypertension), but was not affected by losartan. During the inactive period, a greater depressor response to pentolinium was observed in losartan-treated animals. Conclusion The hypotensive actions of losartan suggest that although the RAS provides an important contribution to BP, it contributes little, if at all, to the hypertension-induced or the greater stress-induced pressor responses in Schlager mice. The effects of pentolinium suggest that the SNS is mainly responsible for hypertension in BPH/2J mice. However, the RAS inhibits sympathetic vasomotor tone during inactivity and prolongs sympathetic activation during periods of adverse stress, indicating an important sympatho-modulatory role.
Incidence of Concussion During Practice and Games in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players.

IMPORTANCE A report by the Institute of Medicine called for comprehensive nationwide concussion incidence data across the spectrum of athletes aged 5 to 23 years. OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence of concussion in athletes participating in youth, high school, and collegiate American football. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were collected by athletic trainers at youth, high school, and collegiate football practices and games to create multiple prospective observational cohorts during the 2012 and 2013 football seasons. Data were collected from July 1, 2012, through January 31, 2013, for the 2012 season and from July 1, 2013, through January 31, 2014, for the 2013 season. The Youth Football Surveillance System included 118 youth football teams, providing 4092 athlete-seasons. The National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network program included 96 secondary school football programs, providing 11 957 athlete-seasons. The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program included 24 member institutions, providing 4305 athlete-seasons. EXPOSURES All injuries regardless of severity, including concussions, and athlete exposure information were documented by athletic trainers during practices and games. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Injury rates, injury rate ratios, risks, risk ratios, and 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS Concussions comprised 9.6%, 4.0%, and 8.0% of all injuries reported in the Youth Football Surveillance System; National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network; and National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program, respectively. The game concussion rate was higher than the practice concussion rate across all 3 competitive levels. The game concussion rate for college athletes (3.74 per 1000 athlete exposures) was higher than those for high school athletes (injury rate ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.50-2.31) and youth athletes (injury rate ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17-2.10). The practice concussion rate in college (0.53 per 1000 athlete exposures) was lower than that in high school (injury rate ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.96). Youth football had the lowest 1-season concussion risks in 2012 (3.53%) and 2013 (3.13%). The 1-season concussion risk was highest in high school (9.98%) and college (5.54%) in 2012. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Football practices were a major source of concussion at all 3 levels of competition. Concussions during practice might be mitigated and should prompt an evaluation of technique and head impact exposure. Although it is more difficult to change the intensity or conditions of a game, many strategies can be used during practice to limit player-to-player contact and other potentially injurious behaviors.
Rejection by syngeneic mice of cell variants obtained by mutagenesis of a malignant teratocarcinoma cell line.

Cells from the malignant teratocarcinoma line PCC4.azal were treated with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Fifty-five clones were isolated from the surviving cells. Twelve clones are unable to form tumors in the syngeneic 129/Sv mice. However, these "tum-" clones form tumors as readily as the original cells when they are injected into irradiated mice. Moreover, they stimulate the production of immune memory cells, which protect the injected animals and confer resistance by adoptive transfer. The tum- clones are therefore unable to generate tumors in syngeneic mice because they elicit an immune rejection response.
Blind SAR ADC capacitor mismatch calibration

This paper presents an all-digital background blind calibration technique for the capacitor mismatch problem in SAR ADCs. It utilizes the redundancy offered using a sub-radix-2 DAC architecture to blindly estimate the mismatch and the assigned weight for each comparator decision. The weights are estimated by building partial histogram windows for the comparator decision vectors. To remove the dependency on the input signal's probability density function, the histogram windows are normalized with respect to their peaks. Matlab simulation results show that an ENOB within 0.12bit of the optimal is attained using the proposed algorithm.
Numerical Study of Pollutant Dilution in a Natural Ventilated Dental Clinic: Ventilation Path Types Used for Exhausting Pollutant

A dental clinic was modelled in this study using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) platform. The objective was to study the effect of natural ventilation on pollutant dispersion in this setting. Three basic ventilation paths were identified, the "single narrow path", "narrow path" and "dispersive path". The results show that the first of these had the highest efficiency, with an escape time of about 1/30 and 1/100 of the narrow and dispersive paths, respectively. Despite the position of the pollutant source and facilities such as bulkheads, escape time was significantly reduced when the ventilation flow rate was increased under the single narrow and dispersive paths. However, for the narrow path, these factors played a more dominant role in the escape time than the ventilation flow rate.
The evolution of mutation rates: separating causes from consequences

Natural selection can adjust the rate of mutation in a population by acting on allelic variation affecting processes of DNA replication and repair. Because mutation is the ultimate source of the genetic variation required for adaptation, it can be appealing to suppose that the genomic mutation rate is adjusted to a level that best promotes adaptation. Most mutations with phenotypic effects are harmful, however, and thus there is relentless selection within populations for lower genomic mutation rates. Selection on beneficial mutations can counter this effect by favoring alleles that raise the mutation rate, but the effect of beneficial mutations on the genomic mutation rate is extremely sensitive to recombination and is unlikely to be important in sexual populations. In contrast, high genomic mutation rates can evolve in asexual populations under the influence of beneficial mutations, but this phenomenon is probably of limited adaptive significance and represents, at best, a temporary reprieve from the continual selection pressure to reduce mutation. The physiological cost of reducing mutation below the low level observed in most populations may be the most important factor in setting the genomic mutation rate in sexual and asexual systems, regardless of the benefits of mutation in producing new adaptive variation. Maintenance of mutation rates higher than the minimum set by this “cost of fidelity” is likely only under special circumstances. BioEssays 22:1057–1066, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Targeting STAT 5 in Hematologic Malignancies through Inhibition of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal ( BET ) Bromodomain Protein BRD 2

The transcription factor signal STAT5 is constitutively activated in a wide range of leukemias and lymphomas, and drives the expression of genes necessary for proliferation, survival, and self-renewal. Thus, targeting STAT5 is an appealing therapeutic strategy for hematologic malignancies. Given the importance of bromodomain-containing proteins in transcriptional regulation, we considered the hypothesis that a pharmacologic bromodomain inhibitor could inhibit STAT5-dependent gene expression. We found that the small-molecule bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 decreases STAT5-dependent (but not STAT3-dependent) transcription of both heterologous reporter genes and endogenous STAT5 target genes. JQ1 reduces STAT5 function in leukemia and lymphoma cells with constitutive STAT5 activation, or inducibly activatedbycytokine stimulation.Among theBETbromodomainsubfamilyofproteins, it seems thatBRD2 is the critical mediator for STAT5 activity. In experimental models of acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemias, where activated STAT5 contributes to leukemia cell survival, Brd2 knockdownor JQ1 treatment shows strong synergy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. In contrast, mononuclear cells isolated formumbilical cord blood, which is enriched in normal hematopoietic precursor cells, were unaffected by these combinations. These findings indicate a unique functional association between BRD2 and STAT5, and suggest that combinations of JQ1 and TKIs may be an important rational strategy for treating leukemias and lymphomas driven by constitutive STAT5 activation. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1194–205. 2014 AACR.
Análisis del proceso de extracción de antioxidantes del hueso de oliva

El cultivo del olivo se ha extendido mundialmente como consecuencia de los efectos beneficos del consumo de aceite de oliva. En el proceso de produccion del aceite de oliva, el hueso de olivo es el principal residuo solido generado. Las industrias de oliva de mesa tambien constituyen una de las mayores fuentes de hueso de olivo. Actualmente, dicho residuo es utilizado para producir energia como electricidad y calor mediante combustion directa. Sin embargo, existen otras posibilidades para aprovechar completamente esta fuente renovable y su valorizacion supondria una mejora economica para los agricultores. Ademas de su alto contenido de lignocellulosicos, el hueso de olivo se caracteriza tambien por contener compuestos fenolicos con propiedades antimicoticas y antibacterianas. Es por esta razon, que en este trabajo se propone la extraccion de compuestos con actividad antioxidante mediante un proceso con fluidos supercriticos del hueso de oliva. Estas moleculas bioactivas pueden ser utilizadas en las industrias de alimentos, cosmeticos, alimentos funcionales y aditivos nutraceuticos. Al realizar el analisis de porcentaje de inhibicion con el metodo de DPPH se encontro una capacidad antioxidante de 5.63 mg trolox equivalente (TE) por g materia seca.
Nonlinear model of crystal resonator and its application to phase noise simulation of oscillator

AT-cut quartz crystal resonators are widely used in communication equipment, measurement instruments, computers and etc. The resonance frequency of AT-cut crystal resonator changes proportional to the square of its driving current. The frequency drive level dependency can be modeled by introducing nonlinearity in the equivalent series capacitance of a crystal resonator. We have determined the nonlinear parameter of a 26MHz crystal resonator from the measured data and simulated its frequency drive level dependency. The simulated results agreed well with the measured frequency drive level dependency. And we simulated the phase noise of a CMOS inverter crystal oscillator using the nonlinear model. We found the increase of phase noise of oscillator in the f-2 region.
A conserved domain in Bak, distinct from BH1 and BH2, mediates cell death and protein binding functions.

Regulation of the cell death program involves physical interactions between different members of the Bcl‐2 family that either promote or suppress apoptosis. The Bcl‐2 homolog, Bak, promotes apoptosis and binds anti‐apoptotic family members including Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL. We have identified a domain in Bak that is both necessary and sufficient for cytotoxic activity and binding to Bcl‐xL. Sequences similar to this domain were identified in Bax and Bip1, two other proteins that promote apoptosis and interact with Bcl‐xL, and were likewise critical for their capacity to kill cells and bind Bcl‐xL. Thus, the domain is of central importance in mediating the function of multiple cell death‐regulatory proteins that interact with Bcl‐2 family members.
A Novel Wideband CMOS VCO using Switch capacitors Array for RF Applications

This paper presents a novel low power consumption, low phase noise, and high tuning range CMOS cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Using common mode double-pseudo-resistance technique in the proposed circuit leads to low power dissipation without degrading the phase noise. Additionally, band-switching capacitor array is employed in order to increase the tuning range. The schematic circuit of the proposed VCO is simulated in 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS process and simulation results show high efficiency of the proposed circuit. The overall tuning frequency range is from 1.7 GHz to 3.18 GHz (59%) with tuning voltage variation range from 0 V to 1.5 V. The proposed VCO circuit has phase noise of -102.6 and -124.3 dBc/Hz at 100 KHz and 1 MHz offset frequency from the carrier, respectively, while consumes 1.98 mW power at 1.5 V supply voltage.
If I Want it, It's OK: Usenet and the (Outer) Limits of Free Speech

Usenet is an international communications system composed of thousands of topically named discussion groups, called newsgroups, which enable anyone with an Internet connection and the proper software to read messages, post new messages, or reply to existing ones. Remarkable for its culture of ''anything-goes'' free speech, Usenet tradition recognizes only one kind of legitimate restriction on content: that which is abusive to the Net's ability to function as an effective discussion system. This article shows that this consensus stems from a long and often painful struggle, as Usenet's designers, administrators, and users attempted to comprehend, define, and govern the communication system they had created. The result is a forum that is not quite as free as Usenet's defenders like to imagine, and one given to excesses that seem destined to attract the attention of government censors.
Dipicrylamine Modulates GABAρ1 Receptors through Interactions with Residues in the TM4 and Cys-Loop Domains

Dipicrylamine (DPA) is a commonly used acceptor agent in Förster resonance energy transfer experiments that allows the study of high-frequency neuronal activity in the optical monitoring of voltage in living cells. However, DPA potently antagonizes GABAA receptors that contain α1 and β2 subunits by a mechanism which is not clearly understood. In this work, we aimed to determine whether DPA modulation is a general phenomenon of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs), and whether this modulation depends on particular amino acid residues. For this, we studied the effects of DPA on human homomeric GABAρ1, α7 nicotinic, and 5-HT3A serotonin receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results indicate that DPA is an allosteric modulator of GABAρ1 receptors with an IC50 of 1.6 µM, an enhancer of α7 nicotinic receptors at relatively high concentrations of DPA, and has little, if any, effect on 5-HT3A receptors. DPA antagonism of GABAρ1 was strongly enhanced by preincubation, was slightly voltage-dependent, and its washout was accelerated by bovine serum albumin. These results indicate that DPA modulation is not a general phenomenon of LGICs, and structural differences between receptors may account for disparities in DPA effects. In silico modeling of DPA docking to GABAρ1, α7 nicotinic, and 5-HT3A receptors suggests that a hydrophobic pocket within the Cys-loop and the M4 segment in GABAρ1, located at the extracellular/membrane interface, facilitates the interaction with DPA that leads to inhibition of the receptor. Functional examinations of mutant receptors support the involvement of the M4 segment in the allosteric modulation of GABAρ1 by DPA.
Mapear o estudar no ensino superior : abordagens dos alunos ao estudo numa E.S.E.

Resumo: Integrado na linha de investigacao SAL (Students Approaches to Learning), este trabalho centra-se no estudo da perspectiva dos alunos sobre a sua experiencia de aprendizagem. Assim, o objectivo da presente investigacao centrou-se na avaliacao das abordagens a aprendizagem dos alunos do ensino superior, mais precisamente numa Escola Superior de Educacao do ensino particular, situada no Porto. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os alunos optam preferencialmente por uma abordagem profunda a aprendizagem. Esperamos que este estudo possa contribuir para uma melhor compreensao da aprendizagem dos alunos no ensino superior, sobretudo no momento actual do sistema de ensino universitario em reformulacao de curriculos e metodologias para dar cumprimento as sugestoes de “Bolonha”, promovendo alunos cada vez mais autonomos na sua aprendizagem e, consequentemente, responsaveis pela construcao do seu proprio saber. Palavras-chave: Abordagem a aprendizagem, autonomia, ensino superior, resultados escolares.
Hepatic -amylase in rat

NOGUCHI ,K . , HORIUCHI-TOYOTA ,K . , SHIGA ,Y . A ISSN 0006-3088. -Amylase activity and malto-oligosaccharides have long been described without isolation of any relevant enzyme in mammalian liver. We developed a micro-assay method for malto-oligosaccharides and eectively applied it to the study of hepatic amylolysis and isolation of an -amylase from rat liver. The liver showed high -amylase activity, high enough to account for the whole glycogenolytic activity in the liver. The isolated enzyme was digested with lysylendopeptidase and the major peptide fragments were sequenced. Complete amino acid sequencing was based on the full coding sequence of its mRNA determined by RT-PCR (Accession number: AB057450). The hepatic neutral amylolytic activity is so high that we expect the amylolytic pathway to be signicant in glycogen metabolism in the liver.
PIRÓLISE DA BIOMASSA LIGNOCELULÓSICA: UMA REVISÃO

Nesta breve revisao, demonstra-se a tecnologia de pirolise da biomassa lignocelulosica. A tecnologia e descrita apresentando-se seus principais produtos e caracteristicas do processo. Da-se atencao especial aos principais constituintes da biomassa e como ocorre suas degradacoes por meio da pirolise. Os tipos de processos mais comumente usados, assim como os principais reatores sao apresentados. O produto bio-oleo e definido, demonstrando as principias dificuldades encontradas para suas aplicacoes. Por fim, sao apresentados os principais projetos em nivel nacional cujo objetivo especifico e a producao de bio-oleo por intermedio do processo de pirolise.
Estudio comparativo de calidad de leche fluida y en polvo

Introduccion: La leche de vaca forma parte de la alimentacion del nino mayor de 1 ano. La industria lactea utiliza procesos termicos que pueden afectar algunos nutrientes de la leche. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del proceso de elaboracion de leches pasteurizada, fluida UHT y en polvo, sobre la calidad quimico nutricional y organoleptica. Metodo: Muestras de los 3 tipos de leche, obtenidas de una materia prima comun, a los 0 y 90 dias fueron sometidas a analisis de humedad, proteinas (N x 6,38), grasas, cenizas, calcio, fosforo, acidez, vitamina A, lisina disponible, perfil de acidos grasos, indice de peroxidos e indice tiobarbiturico y de energia. Se evaluo tambien apariencia, color, aroma, sabor, acidez, rancidez, viscosidad y aceptabilidad. Analisis estadistico: se utilizo calculo de promedio aritmetico y desviacion estandar, diferencia entre promedios, test de analisis de varianza y test "t" de Student a los promedios de analisis quimicos y test de Duncan a las pruebas sensoriales11. Resultados: La evaluacion realizada a tiempo cero, para todas las leches, y despues de 90 dias de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente, para leche UHT y en polvo, no mostro cambios en los macronutrientes para ningun tipo de leche siendo similares al expresarlos en base liquida con cantidades comparables de solidos. En cuanto a micronutrientes, hubo una disminucion significativa en vitamina A y lisina disponible en leche en polvo y en acido linoleico para leche UHT a los 90 dias. Sensorialmente, todas las leches fueron evaluadas como de buena calidad, buena aceptabilidad, sin diferencias notables ni entre ellas ni con un control siendo, en algunos atributos de calidad y en aceptabilidad, mejor evaluada la leche UHT. Conclusion: Los cambios quimico-nutricionales encontrados en ambas leches (fluida UHT y en polvo), que son inherentes a los procesos utilizados, no debieran afectar la situacion nutricional del nino cuando la leche esta integrada a una alimentacion balanceada
Characteristics of Long-Term Cultures of Avian Primordial Germ Cells and Gonocytes1

ABSTRACT Avian cell lines derived from germinal crescent primordial germ cells and gonadal gonocytes with long-term proliferative capacity in vitro and their subsequent rates of colonization and germline transmission are described. In general, male cultures proliferate more rapidly than female cultures although both can be developed into cell lines of >2 × 106 cells, at which time, they can be grown indefinitely and a cell bank can be established. All the cell lines injected into embryos transmitted through the germline with the percentage of germline transmission of both male and female cell lines varying from single digits to the high 90s. The derivation of these primordial germ cell and gonadal cell lines and the subsequent robustness of germline transmission validates these cells as suitable for establishment of lines of chickens bearing novel genetic modifications.