Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dendritic cells of the mouse: identification and characterization.

We have identified and characterized a distinctive population of dendritic cells (DCs) in mouse spleen, lymph nodes, thyrnus, and liver, Dendritic cells can adhere to tissue culture surfaces but otherwise differ considerably from macrophages, the other major class of adherent cell. Morphological differences are evident by phase contrast and electron microscopy, and by cytochemistry. Dendritic cells exhibit little or no binding and phagocytosis of opsonized particles. During culture, they retain their unusual morphological features and surface markers, but lose the capacity to adhere. All DCs express and synthesize la antigens for several days in vitro , whereas only a subpopulation of mouse macrophages expresses Ia in all organs we have studied. Thus, DCs can be distinguished from macrophages in several independent and stable traits. Highly enriched preparations of the 2 cell types have been obtained. Spleen DCs are derived from bone marrow and are present in nude mice, Dendritic cells do not proliferate, but exhibit a rapid turnover. Other features in their life history are not known. We are studying the contribution of DCs to several immune responses. In all organs we have studied, they are powerful stimulators of the primary mixed leukocyte reaction. B cells, T cells, and macrophages from these organs are weak or inactive, Dendritic cells are potent accessory cells in T cell proliferative responses to mitogens and tuberculin antigens. These dendritic cells and Langerhans cells may belong to a similar lineage, hut to date, Birbeck granules, surface ATPase, and binding of opsonized erythrocytes have not been demonstrated in spleen dendritic cells. However, in functional assays, both DCs and Langerhans cells synthesize La antigens and contribute to transplantation reactions, accessory cell function, and the development of contact sensitivity.
MHC class II‐positive microglia in human brain: Association with alzheimer lesions

Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) present foreign antigen on their cell surfaces bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Previous studies of normal human brain samples reported MHC class II expression primarily by perivascular MPS cells and white matter microglial cells. Marked increases in MHC class II‐expressing microglia have been shown in many neuropathologic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). A close morphologic association between these cells and Alzheimer senile plaque β‐amyloid has been demonstrated. The present study used a mixed aldehyde fixative to enhance the localization of MHC class II‐expressing MPS cells in non‐AD and AD brain. Two antibodies against MHC class II (HLA‐DR; LN3), as well as the lectin Ricinus communis agglutinin (which recognizes both ramified and activated microglia) were used for light and electron microscopic analyses. We now report that MHC class II‐expressing ramified microglia are distributed in a uniform reticular array throughout the grey, as well as the white matter in non‐AD cases. In AD cases, immunolabelled cells had the morphology of activated microglia, with darkly stained plump somata and short, thick processes. Microglia clustered around senile plaque amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), rather than forming the uniform array characteristic of control tissue. Finally, we report that perivascular MPS cells are found in a morphologic relationship with vascular amyloid identical to that seen between microglial cells and senile plaque β‐amyloid. These data suggest that MHC class II‐expressing cells may be involved in the degradation of NFT‐laden neurons and the posttranslational modification of extracellular‐NFT epitopes. In addition, both parenchymal and perivascular MPS cells are ideally situated to uptake and process the β‐amyloid protein precursor and deposit β‐amyloid on senile plaques, NFT, and the cerebrovasculature. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biochemical Markers for Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Acute Ischemic Stroke Correlate with Evolution and Outcome

Background/Aims: We evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio (AR) and kinetics of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in blood as markers for blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The AR was determined in 88 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. MMP-9 was measured on admission, 24, 72 h and 7 days after stroke onset. Results: The AR was related to stroke severity, the occurrence of stroke progression and the modified Rankin Scale score at month 3. MMP-9 levels on admission were significantly elevated compared to controls and dropped in the first 72 h after stroke, except in patients with stroke progression and larger infarcts in the subacute phase. Conclusions:We demonstrate that the extent of BBB breakdown in hyperacute stroke relates to initial stroke severity, stroke evolution and long-term outcome. The kinetics of MMP-9 confirm its pivotal role in secondary brain damage after ischemic stroke.
Development of enhanced antibody response toward dual delivery of nano-adjuvant adsorbed human Enterovirus-71 vaccine encapsulated carrier

This study introduces a new approach for enhancing immunity toward mucosal vaccines. HEV71 killed vaccine that is formulated with nanosize calcium phosphate adjuvant and encapsulated onto chitosan and alginate delivery carriers was examined for eliciting antibody responses in serum and saliva collected at weeks 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 for viral-specific IgA & IgG levels and viral neutralizing antibody titers. The antibody responses induced in rabbits by the different formulations delivered by a single (buccal) route were compared to those of dual immunization (intradermal / mucosal) and un-immunized control. Chitosan-loaded vaccine adjuvant induced elevated IgA antibody, while Alginate-adjuvant irreversible bonding sequestered the vaccine and markedly reduced immunogenicity. The induced mucosal and parenteral antibody profiles appeared in an inverse manner of enhanced mucosal IgA antibody accompanied by lower systemic IgG following a single oral immunization route. The combined intradermal and oral dual-immunized group developed an elevated salivary IgA, systemic IgG, and virus neutralizing response. A reduced salivary neutralizing antibody titer was observed and attributed to the continual secretion exchanges in saliva. Designing a successful mucosal delivery formulation needs to take into account the vaccine delivery site, dosage, adjuvant and carrier particle size, charge, and the reversibility of component interactions. The dual immunization seems superior and is a important approach for modulating the antibody response and boosting mucosal protection against HEV71 and similar pathogens based on their transmission mode, tissue tropism and shedding sites. Finally, the study has highlighted the significant role of dual immunization for simultaneous inducing and modulating the systemic and mucosal immune responses to EV71.
Performance evaluation of a novel IMS-based architecture for LTE-WIMAX-WLAN interworking

The next-generation heterogeneous networks aim to offer users of various networks seamless high quality IP-based multimedia services access anywhere at any time. IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) comes as a promising overlay service that provides a platform through which telecommunications operators can merge various networks to provide seamless data services. In this paper, we propose an architecture framework for interworking of the Worldwide Interoperability for Long Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies. The aim is the evolution of a seamless service provisioning heterogeneous networks. Thus, the proposed architecture extends IMS beyond 3G (UMTS) to 4G (LTE). The proposed LTE-WiMAX-WLAN tight coupled interworking is compared with the UMTS-WiMAX-WLAN tight coupled interworking. The two heterogeneous networks are simulated using OPNET Modeler 17.1. The performance metrices show that the proposed architecture outperforms the pervious architecture.
Automatic Implementation of Cuts multiply connected Magnetic Scalar Regions for 3D Eddy Current Models

A novel scheme for automatically generating cuts in the magnetic scalar region of a finite element mesh is presented. Cuts are generated allowing multiply connected eddy current problems to be solved. The scheme has no topological limitations; it has been tested for knotted conductors, interlinked conductors, and hollow conductors. The scheme is fully automatic, requiring just a standard well-formed finite element mesh and appropriate boundary conditions. It has been implemented and tested in the finite element package MEGA for the A psi formulation. >
Toward a digital mathematics library

After an overview of the worldwide mathematical journals ecosystem, we summarise some of the hopes and fears raised by the digital environment. We then review the underlying principles and main features of some of the projects launched by Cellule MathDoc that aim at settling robust foundations and giving wider access to academic mathematical research journals. In turn, they could prefigure some building blocks of the digital mathematics library, which is still to come into being.
A novel approach to targeted change detection

In several applications the objective of change detection is actually limited to identify one (or few) specific “targeted” land-cover transition(s) affecting a certain area in a given time period. In such cases, ground-truth information is generally available for the only land-cover classes of interest at the two dates, which limits (or hinders) the possibility of successfully employing standard supervised approaches. Moreover, even unsupervised approaches cannot be effectively used, as they allow detecting all the areas experiencing any type of change, but not discriminating where specific transitions of interest occur. In this paper, we present a novel technique capable of addressing this challenging issue by using the only ground truth available for the targeted land-cover classes at the two dates. In particular, it jointly exploits the expectation-maximization algorithm and an iterative labeling strategy based on Markov random fields accounting for spatio-temporal correlation. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed method.
Hormesis: the dose-response revolution.

Hormesis, a dose-response relationship phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition, has been frequently observed in properly designed studies and is broadly generalizable as being independent of chemical/physical agent, biological model, and endpoint measured. This under-recognized and -appreciated concept has the potential to profoundly change toxicology and its related disciplines with respect to study design, animal model selection, endpoint selection, risk assessment methods, and numerous other aspects, including chemotherapeutics. This article indicates that as a result of hormesis, fundamental changes in the concept and conduct of toxicology and risk assessment should be made, including (a) the definition of toxicology, (b) the process of hazard (e.g., including study design, selection of biological model, dose number and distribution, endpoint measured, and temporal sequence) and risk assessment [e.g., concept of NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level), low dose modeling, recognition of beneficial as well as harmful responses] for all agents, and (c) the harmonization of cancer and noncancer risk assessment.
Undular and breaking bores on fixed and movable gravel beds

A tidal bore is a positive surge taking place during the flood tide with a large tidal range and the bore corresponds to the leading edge of the tidal wave propagating upstream. In this study, some physical modelling was performed to investigate the upstream bore propagation over fixed and movable gravel beds. Both undular and breaking bores were tested. The free-surface and velocity measurements were complemented by some observations of particle motion beneath the bore front. In the initially-steady flow and beneath undular bores, no sediment motion was observed for the experimental set-up. Beneath breaking bores, on the other hand, some upstream gravel bed load motion was observed behind the bore. The gravel bed particles were de-stabilized by the roller toe passage and advected upstream. The unsteady velocity data showed some damping of the transient recirculation on the movable gravel bed.
Improved Methodology for Bioremoval of Black Crusts on Historical Stone Artworks by Use of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT An improved methodology to remove black crusts from stone by using Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ATCC 29579, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, is presented. The strain removed 98% of the sulfates of the crust in a 45-h treatment. Precipitation of black iron sulfide was avoided using filtration of a medium devoid of iron. Among three cell carriers, Carbogel proved to be superior to both sepiolite and Hydrobiogel-97, as it allowed an easy application of the bacteria, kept the system in a state where microbial activity was maintained, and allowed easy removal of the cells after the treatment.
Isolation from diarrheal and asymptomatic kittens of three rotavirus strains that belong to the AU-1 genogroup of human rotaviruses

A survey of 143 stool specimens collected during a 17-month period in Japan from diarrheal and asymptomatic kittens identified three rotavirus strains that were similar in their genomic RNA constellation to human rotavirus AU-1 (G3P3[9]), lending strong support to the view that rotaviruses belonging to the same genogroup are circulating in both the human and the feline population.
In vitro activity of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and seven other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.

We assessed the in vitro activity of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and seven other antimicrobials against 292 strains of obligately anaerobic bacteria. MICs were determined with the microdilution technique and Wilkins-Chalgren broth according to DIN 58940-83. MIC50/MIC90s (mg/L) for telithromycin were 4/4 for Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, 2/4 for Fusobacterium spp. and Bilophila wadsworthia, 2/2 for Bacteroides caccae, 1/4 for Bacteroides vulgatus, 0.25/4 for Prevotella spp. , > or =0.03/0.5 for Clostridium spp. and 0.125/4 for Peptostreptococcus spp.
Topological Concepts for Internal EMP Interaction

A description of the methodology used for analyzing problems relating to the internal interaction of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) energy is presented. A formal definition of the term "internal interaction" is made, and the question of how problems in this area are related to the other areas of EMP analysis is illustrated. Various topological concepts useful for decomposing the internal interaction problem into smaller, more manageable problems are also discussed.
Endocannabinoid Effects on Febrile Seizures: Not Just a Toke(n) Mechanism

Febrile (fever-induced) seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures, affecting 3% to 5% of infants and young children. Here we show that the activitydependent, retrograde inhibition of γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) release by endogenous cannabinoids is persistently enhanced in the rat hippocampus after a single episode of experimental prolonged febrile seizures during early postnatal development. The potentiation of endocannabinoid signaling results from an increase in the number of presynaptic cannabinoid type 1 receptors associated with cholecystokinin-containing perisomatic inhibitory inputs, without an effect on the endocannabinoid-mediated inhibition of glutamate release. These results demonstrate a selective, long-term increase in the gain of endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde signaling at GABAergic synapses in a model of a human neurologic disease.
Production and partial characterization of lipases from a newly isolated Penicillium sp. using experimental design

Aims: The objective of this work was to investigate the lipase production by a newly isolated Penicillium sp. , using experimental design technique, in submerged fermentation using a medium based on peptone, yeast extract, NaCl and olive oil, as well as to characterize the crude enzymatic extracts obtained.
GenomePro-Processing Genomic Files Of All Sizes Technical Report FIU-SCIS-2015-0120-1 January 20 , 2015

We have developed a computational framework called GenomePro that allows us to process genomic files, of all sizes, from multiple formats such as NGS, fasta, and GBK, extracting DNA, RNA and Protein sub-sequences of any length, limited by the storage size or operating system. GenomePro creates a data structure that contains subsequences of any size used to develop new tools that allow us to further understand not only our humane genome but any life form genome.
Pandemic is New , but is HIV Not New ?

The determinations made by Mindell, Shultz and Ewald methods, Mindell et al. (1995) concluded that HIV was regarding the ancestral host for immunodeficiency retroviruses, and their conclusion that monkeys acquired their infections as a result of a host-switch from humans, do not withstand rigorous scrutiny. Their hypothesis requires the complete uniformativeness of third position transitions and of gapped regions in the alignment. When all of the data are permitted to corroborate or refute relationships, optimizing hosts on the viral phylogeny renders either equivocal statements or an unequivocal simian ancestry. However, merely optimizing hosts as characters on the viral phylogeny is illogical. Not only does this treat hosts as dependent on the viruses (instead of the reverse) but it ignores 15 years of methodological developments specifically designed to answer questions regarding cospeciation or host-switching. © 1997 The Willi Hennig Society
Celiac disease: strongly heritable, oligogenic, but genetically complex.

Celiac disease, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is a small intestinal disorder which affects up to 1:250 people in the United States. Disease development has a strong genetic component, with a sibling relative risk (lambda(s)) of 30. One susceptibility locus is the MHC region, with a particular association with the HLA-DQ alleles DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201. However, haplotype sharing studies suggest that genes within the MHC complex contribute no more than 40% to the sibling familial risk of disease. This means that the stronger genetic risk is likely to be conferred by a small number of non-HLA-linked genes. Genome-wide linkage studies, plus linkage and association studies of candidate loci have been used to try to identify these genes. However, these studies have either failed to detect loci, or produced inconsistent results. Such difficulties in identifying susceptibility genes are encountered when investigating any complex genetic disorder. Information from the Human Genome Project, coupled with new technology for high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism typing may help to identify the non-HLA determinants of celiac disease in the future.
Trends in Preterm Birth and Perinatal Mortality Among Singletons: United States, 1989 Through 2000

OBJECTIVE: Despite the recent increase in preterm birth in the United States, trends in preterm birth subtypes have not been adequately examined. We examined trends in preterm birth among singletons following ruptured membranes, medical indications, and spontaneous preterm birth and evaluated the impact of these trends on perinatal mortality. METHODS: A population-based, retrospective cohort study comprising 46,375,578 women (16% blacks) who delivered singleton births in the United States, 1989 through 2000, was performed. Rates of preterm birth (< 37 weeks), their subtypes, and associated perinatal mortality (stillbirths at ≥ 22 weeks plus neonatal deaths within 28 days), before and after adjustment for potential confounders, were derived from ecological logistic regression models. RESULTS: Preterm birth rates increased by 14% (95% confidence interval 13–15%) among whites from 8.3% to 9.4% and decreased by 15% (95% confidence interval 14–16%) among blacks from 18.5% to 16.2% between 1989 and 2000. Among whites, preterm birth following ruptured membranes declined by 23%, medically indicated preterm birth increased by 55%, and spontaneous preterm birth increased by 3%. Among blacks, preterm birth following ruptured membranes declined by 37%, medically indicated preterm birth increased by 32%, and spontaneous preterm birth decreased by 27%. The largest decline in perinatal mortality among whites was associated with increases in medically indicated preterm birth, whereas the largest decline in perinatal mortality among blacks was associated with declines in preterm birth following ruptured membranes and spontaneous preterm birth. CONCLUSION: Temporal trends in preterm birth varied substantially based on underlying subtype and maternal race. The recent increase in medically indicated preterm birth was associated with a favorable reduction in perinatal mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2
The obstacle resolving microscale model MITRAS

An updated version of the obstacle resolving microscale model MITRAS has been developed. Several modules of the model (turbulence parameterization, chemistry, soot transport, solvers) have been updated, tested stand-alone and are now tested in the framework of MITRAS. For comparison with model results wind tunnel measurements are available. An evaluation scheme for microscale obstacle resolving models has been finalised.
Remodelling Scientific Workflows for Cloud

In recent years, cloud computing has raised significant interest in the scientific community. Running scientific experiments in the cloud has its advantages like elasticity, scalability and software maintenance. However, the communication latencies are observed to be the major hindrance for migrating scientific computing applications to the cloud. The problem escalates further when we consider scientific workflows, where significant data is exchanged across different tasks. One way to overcome this problem is to reduce the data communication by partitioning and scheduling the workflow and adapting a peer-to-peer file sharing among the nodes. Different size Montage workflows were considered for the analysis of this problem. From the study it was observed that the partitioning along with the peer-to-peer file sharing reduced the data communication in the cloud up to 80%.
Diffusion tensor imaging: A biomarker of outcome in Krabbe's disease

Krabbe's disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder resulting from deficiency of β‐galactocerebrosidase that affects primarily cerebral white matter and peripheral nerves. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to changes in white matter myelination, but its assessment is based purely on qualitative, visual inspection, and it is subject to interobserver variability and open to reader bias. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced MRI technique that provides quantitative information about the microscopic structural organization of the white matter and changes in cell density and myelination, and it is a suitable MRI tool for studying Krabbe's disease. This Review discusses the available studies on the application of quantitative DTI analysis to assess white matter changes in patients with Krabbe's disease. Quantitative analysis of DTI scalars, especially radial diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, has been shown to be a sensitive in vivo biomarker of white matter microstructural damage in Krabbe's disease, to detect early white matter injury in asymptomatic neonates with Krabbe's disease, to predict motor and cognitive functions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and to serve as a measurement for monitoring effects of HSCT on white matter development in Krabbe's disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.