Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abstract B104: Liposomal C6 Ceramide appears to potentiate chemotoxicity of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and cetuximab against aggressive pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma a highly lethal malignancy (5 yr survival ∼ 5%) is poorly responsive to all chemotherapy, in part related to presence of chemo resistant pathways: prosurvival (AKT/PI3K/mTOR and mutant KRAS. We have previously demonstrated reversal of these resistant pathways by C6 Ceramide and now are pursuing optimum intracellular delivery using selected liposomal preparations ofC6Ceramide. Methods: C6 Ceramide housed in 4 different liposomal vesicle formulations were tested against pancreatic cell lines L3.6, PANC1 and MIA, using combination therapy with chemotherapy agents Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel and Cetuximab with determination of the MTT anti tumor response. Liposomal preparations included : (#1)18:1 PC(1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; (#3),18:0 PC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;(#5) DPGG (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-galloyl); and (#7) 18:0 PEG2 PE (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N [methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000. (#1)18:1 PC- has low transition temp and is fluid at bodyT*(# 3). 18:0 PC- has high transition Temperature(T*) is rigid at body T*;#5 DPGG- avoids RE System (is fluid at bodyT*, induces long circulations)#7. 18:0 PEG 2 PE - industry standard (also avoids RE system) Biologic effects of the 4 lipid formulations with/without C6 Ceramide were initially assessed invitro. Results: Dose response MTT assay demonstrated no distinctive response of C6 combined liposomes vesicles # 1 & 3, but confirmed high activity in preparations #5 & 7. [Figure][1] Conclusion: Liposomal C6 preparations show high activity in potentiating chemo toxicity by Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel and Cetuximab against Pancreatic Cancer. Confirmatory in vivo studies are in process. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B104. Citation Format: Harold J. Wanebo, Cong Cao, Shaun Lu, David Shrayer, Yinsheng Wan, Wayne Bowen, Wayne Bowen. Liposomal C6 Ceramide appears to potentiate chemotoxicity of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and cetuximab against aggressive pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B104. [1]: pending:yes
The digestion of pasture plants by sheep. 3. The digestion of forage oats varying in maturity and in the content of protein and soluble carbohydrate.

A comparison has been made of the composition, intake, and digestion of forage oats grown with and without the application of nitrogen fertilizer and harvested at three stages of maturity. The chemical composition of the forages showed the usual changes with maturity. Fertilizer application had little effect on the levels of cell wall constituents but, as expected, decreased the levels of soluble carbohydrate and increased those of total nitrogen, alcohol-soluble nitrogen, and nitrate. The digestibility of organic matter, cell wall constituents, and nitrogen declined with advancing maturity, all three parameters being little affected by the fertilizer treatment. Feed consumption declined only with the most mature diet and was not affected by the fertilizer treatment even though the high nitrogen (HN) diets supplied 4–5 g nitrate nitrogen per day and relatively small amounts of soluble carbohydrate. There was a loss of dietary nitrogen from the stomach with the HN diets and a gain with the low nitrogen (LN). The amount of nitrogen in the digesta leaving the stomach per unit intake of nitrogen increased with maturity. The quantities of protein leaving the stomach were too great to be accounted for as microbial protein, and hence appreciable quantities of plant protein must have passed through the stomach. The digestibility of crude protein in the intestines was not affected either by maturity of the forages or by fertilizer treatment. There was little effect of advancing maturity or fertilizer application on: (a) the extent of digestion of organic matter and the structural carbohydrates in the stomach relative to that occurring in the intestines; (b) the proportion of digestible organic matter derived from rumen volatile fatty acids and amino acids; © the potential value of the metabolizable energy from volatile fatty acids and amino acids to provide net energy for fattening; (d) most parameters associated with the movement of digesta through the stomach. Advancing maturity of the diets was associated with increased expenditure of time in chewing activities.
Leg Morphology and Feeding Postures in Four Parus Species: An Experimental Ecomorphological Approach

-lbstract. The foraging behavior of four Parus species feeding at artificial feeders was studied. while controlling for ecological variables related to patch characteristics (food quality. food access. and escape distance to the nearest refuge). Hindlimb morphology (osteology and myology) was analyzed and compared with foraging postures at feeders. Using the Long-Tailed Tit as an appropriate outgroup for comparison. and considering functional changes associated with morphological changes. we demonstrated the existente of clear ecomorphological patterns relating foraging postures and hindlimb morphology in the four Parus species studied. The Blue Tit uses hanging postures preferably and its hindlimb morphology is modified for helping leg flexion. The Crested Tit more often stands and its hindlimb morphology is modified to aid leg extension. Great and Coa1 Tits are ecologically and morphologically intermediate between the two former species. Our results show morphology as a determinant of locomotion mode. Since foraging postures are tightly associated with substrate use. then morphology should be considered when studying pressures determining community organization. Our proposed integrative method for dealing with ecomorphology can be valuable in demonstrating the adaptiveness of morphological structures in phylogenetically and ecologically related species. Kej. words: ~ornorpliolog~~; fec~Iirzg postures: hindlirnb; rnorpholoyl. ; rnj~olo~~; ostrologj,: Parus:
Variability of community metrics: Detecting changes in structure and function

Increased environmental realism in toxicity testing has been advocated to better predict ecological effects of toxic chemicals, and several aquatic microcosm bioassays have been developed that use both natural and synthetic organism assemblages. Additionally, greater emphasis is being placed on community changes as evidence of adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. The ability to infer structural or functional changes in stressed vs. unstressed communities is linked to statistical power that arises from the combination of experimental design and the underlying variability in chosen metrics. We evaluated several community response variables (metrics) in aquatic laboratory microcosm experiments and field studies to estimate metric variability. Variability of community metrics under laboratory conditions was similar to that observed in the field. Power curves were constructed to estimate the detectability of significant responses with different experimental designs. Using the median C. V. for each measured response, we estimated the minimum detectable distance for power of 0.8 (β = 0.2) and α = 0.05 for each response. Community metrics with C.V. s <30% allow detection of differences between means of 20 to 60%, using as few as three replicates. Structural metrics such as species richness and standing crop are expected to prove more useful in detecting community and ecosystem changes. Process rates are affected by material supplies that may not change under stress.
Airborne spores of opportunistic fungi in the atmosphere of cairo, egypt

Abstract The prevalence of yeast spores in the atmosphere of Cairo as determined by the Andersen air sampler, was investigated at four sites over a period of one year. The average total count showed seasonal periodicity. The maximum count was recorded in autumn and the minimum in summer. Eighteen species of yeasts belonging to 9 genera were recovered and identified. The opportunistic genera of yeasts represented by seven genera showed high percentage of the total count. The most prevalent genera Cryptococcus, Candida and Rhodotorula constituting, 26.6%, 19.9% and 17.9% respectively. Other genera of low count were Kluyveromyces (7.4%). Debaryomyces (4.3%) and Trichosporon (3.2%).
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MILK FATS OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS

A series of milk fats of different fatty acid composition has been obtained by supplementing the diet of the dairy cow with tallow, a mixture of palm oil/palmitic acid or soya oil. The melting behaviour of the milk fats has been studied using the differential scanning calorimeter. Dietary soya oil yielded a butterfat which was fairly soft (50 per cent of the crystalline material melting at 8oC), whilst palm oil/palmitic acid gave a relatively hard butterfat (50 per cent of the crystalline material melting at 18-3oC), with the product derived from feeding tallow intermediate between these extremes, but closer in its behaviour to the butterfat obtained by feeding palm oil/palmitic acid. In order to eliminate the effect on the melting behaviour of milk fat triglycerides having non-random structures, thermograms were also obtained for samples of the experimental butterfats after they had been inter-esterified. The results suggest that, for the milk fats having the compositions used in this work, melting behaviour is dominated by the proportion of palmitic acid present.
Does light intensity affect self‐feeding and food wastage in group‐held rainbow trout and white‐spotted charr?

The self-feeding rhythms of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis were studied when group-held fishes (n = 10 per group) were fed using self-feeders under two different light intensities (50 lx, 16 μW cm−2 and 700 lx, 215 μW cm−2) during the light phase of the light-dark cycle. Food wastage was also measured. At 50 lx, all groups of rainbow trout learned to operate the self-feeder within 4 days, whereas it took up to 25 days for all groups at 700 lx. In contrast, all groups of white-spotted charr learned self-feeding within 17 days, irrespective of light intensity. These results, although non-significant, suggest that lower light intensities can stimulate instrumental learning in rainbow trout, but not white-spotted charr. In rainbow trout, the total number of trigger actuations for the entire experimental period was significantly higher at 50 rather than 700 lx, although this may have been related to delayed learning at 700 lx. There was no significant effect in white-spotted charr. Growth rate (assessed using the thermal growth coefficient) was also higher in rainbow trout but not white-spotted charr at 50 rather than 700 lx, although this difference was non-significant. Light intensity had no significant effect on food wastage in either rainbow trout or white-spotted charr, and it did not appear to affect the proportion of trigger actuations during the light phase. Clear diurnal feeding rhythms were observed in both species and these were classified into four categories: uniform, dawn, dusk and crepuscular. At 50 lx, fish from both species generally fed in temporally localized periods at either dawn and dusk, whilst feeding was predominantly uniform during the light phase at 700 lx.
Labelling Training Samples Using Crowdsourcing Annotation for Recommendation

The supervised learning-based recommendation models, whose infrastructures are sufficient training samples with high quality, have been widely applied in many domains. In the era of big data with the explosive growth of data volume, training samples should be labelled timely and accurately to guarantee the excellent recommendation performance of supervised learning-based models. Machine annotation cannot complete the tasks of labelling training samples with high quality because of limited machine intelligence. Although expert annotation can achieve a high accuracy, it requires a long time as well as more resources. As a new way of human intelligence to participate in machine computing, crowdsourcing annotation makes up for shortages of machine annotation and expert annotation. Therefore, in this paper, we utilize crowdsourcing annotation to label training samples. First, a suitable crowdsourcing mechanism is designed to create crowdsourcing annotation-based tasks for training sample labelling, and then two entropy-based ground truth inference algorithms (i.e., HILED and HILI) are proposed to achieve quality improvement of noise labels provided by the crowd. In addition, the descending and random order manners in crowdsourcing annotation-based tasks are also explored. The experimental results demonstrate that crowdsourcing annotation significantly improves the performance of machine annotation. Among the ground truth inference algorithms, both HILED and HILI improve the performance of baselines; meanwhile, HILED performs better than HILI.
Introduction to Fire Ecology of the Northeast: Restoring Native and Cultural Ecosystems

This special issue is composed of papers presented at a conference hosted jointly by the Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (New Haven, Connecticut) and Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy (Tallahassee, Florida) to address the history, ecology, and current need for prescribed fire in native and cultural ecosystems in the Northeast region of the United States and eastern Canada. The conference was held at the Yale University campus on February 20–22, 2014 and involved participants from universities, government agencies, nongovernment organizations, and private business. This special issue presents evidence that the fire history and ecology of the Northeast are strongly context-dependent and result from complex interactions of climate, human land use, and physiography, that certain species within the region are truly fire-adapted, and that synergies between fire management for ecological restoration and public welfare can and should be pursued on the modern landscape. A summary of all conference presentations and syntheses of panel discussions has been published as a Yale Forest Forum Review.
CARBON PARTITIONING WITHIN PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) COLONIES IN THE ROSS SEA, ANTARCTICA

The haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica Karsten is a dominant species within the seasonal bloom in the Ross Sea. One of the unique characteristics of this form is that carbon is partitioned between the cells and the colonial matrix, a relationship that is poorly documented for this region. We combined particulate organic carbon measurements and microscopic analysis of P. antarctica‐dominated samples to assess the contribution of single cells, colony‐associated cells, and mucilage to the carbon concentrations of waters with P. antarctica. Two cruises to the Ross Sea were completed, one in austral spring 1994 and one in summer 1995–1996. In 1994 the bloom was dominated by colonial P. antarctica that contributed up to 96% of the total autotrophic carbon, whereas in 1995–1996 a mixture of P. antarctica and diatoms occurred. P. antarctica colony volume (V ) was related to colonial cell number (NC) by the relationship V = 417 ×NC1.67. Total colony carbon (CCOL) was calculated as the sum of cell carbon (CCC) and mucus‐related carbon (CM). We found the contribution of mucus carbon to be 213 ng C mm−3 of colony volume. For P. antarctica‐dominated assemblages sampled at the peak of the bloom, CM represented a minor fraction (14 ± 4%) of colony carbon, and during early summer conditions CM was at most 33% of CCOL. This organism plays a cardinal role in the carbon cycle of many regions. These results constrain the partitioning of carbon between cellular material and the colony matrix, information that is necessary to accurately describe the biogeochemical cycles influenced by this species.
Remote Conference Participation in Social Virtual Worlds

Scientiﬁc conferences have long had issues with access by people without the time, money, or ability to travel. Coupled with a renewed focus on sustainability, driven by increased attention to the environmental impact of air travel, academics are looking again at online and virtual conferencing as one part of a solution to these problems. Over the past year, we have experimented with the Mozilla Hubs social virtual environment (SVE) platform to explore solutions to this problem. Our experiments have focused on leveraging live video streams of talks at traditional conferences, such as ACM CHI, ACM UIST
Distribution of organic carbon in sediments of mangrove forests and its influencing factors in Dongzhai Harbor

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of organic carbon in the sediments of wetlands in the mangrove marginal area of Dongzhaigang, in the paper, columnar sediment samples from the mangrove wetland of the inside of forest, edge of forest and light beach at the depth of 0-40 cm were taken, the TOC, particle size and pH of the sediment samples were measured indoors. The results showed that the average TOC in 0-40cm mangrove sediments of Dongzhai Harbor was between 1.80-100.73 g·kg, with an average value of (26.24±2.64) g·kg. This value is in the middle and upper levels of TOC in mangrove sediments in China. Affected by mangrove root productivity, the vertical distribution of TOC in columnar sediments from 0~40 cm in light beach shows C>B>D>A layer, the forest edge is B>D>A >C layer and inside of forest is A>C>B>D. There is a positive correlation between the TOC content of the mangrove and its aboveground biomass, and the TOC content of the sediments in the mangrove vegetation cover area is significantly higher than that in the non-vegetated area. Therefore, the TOC content of the surface sediments of different types of wetland appears with the trend of inside of forest > forest edge > mud flats. The correlation analysis showed that TOC in the surface sediments showed obvious fine-grained enrichment in the inside of forest and light beach, edge of forest was relatively weak, and the pH of surface sediments was significantly negatively correlated with TOC.
Analgesic and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extracts and Isolated Fractions of Aerial Parts of Hedera helix L

The current study was designed to estimate the antinociceptive and free radical scavenging effect of aerial parts of Hedera helix. Acetic acid abdominal constriction test was used for the assessment of antinociceptive activity of extract/fractions of the aerial parts of the plant in mice. The results showed profound anti-nociceptive effects of crude extract which was strongly supported by fractions of the plant except hexane fraction. Similarly, the extract/fractions of the plant provoked significant quenching effect against DPPH, free radical except hexane fraction. In conclusion, our study provided scientific foundation for the traditional uses of the plant as analgesic.
Trading Agent Competition with Autonomous Economic Agents

We provide a case study for the Autonomous Economic Agent (AEA) framework; a toolkit for the development and deployment of autonomous agents with a focus on economic activities. The use case is the trading agent competition (TAC). It is a competition between autonomous agents with customisable strategies and market parameters. The competition is facilitated by the AEA framework’s native support for decentralised ledger technologies, i.e. permissionless blockchains and smart contract functionality, for immutable transaction recording and trade settlement. We provide an open-source implementation, study the result of the competitions we ran, and compare it to theoretical results in the economics literature. We conclude by discussing its real-world applications in crypto-currency, digital assets and token trading.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PERIDINUM CINCTUM F. OVOPLANUM (DINOPHYCEAE) 1, 2

Sexual reproduction is induced in the dinoflagelate Peridinium cinctum f. ovoplanum Lindemann when exponentially growing cells are inoculated into nitrogen deficient medium. Small, naked vegetative cells, produced by division of the thecate cells, then act as gametes. The zygote remains motile for 12–13 days during which time it enlarges and the theca which it forms becomes warty. Thirteen to 14 day s following plasmogamy the zygote is nonmotile, the protoplast contracts, a large red oil droplet appears, the wall thickens and becomes chitinized. This hypnozygote germinates within 7–8 weeks at 20 c producing 1 post‐zygotic cell retaining the large red oil droplet. The presence of 4 nuclei in these post‐zygotic cells may be demonstrated by staining them with acetocarmine. Two of these nuclei are smaller than the other two and probably abort. One may infer that meiosis occurs immediately prior to or at the germinartion of the hypnozygote. This post‐zygotic cell divides within 24 h into 2 daughter cells each with a promment red oil droplet. These daughter cells divide after 2–3 days into ordinary vegetative cells.
Premium Allocations and Accumulations in TIAA-CREF—Trends in Participant Choices among Asset Classes and Investment Accounts

Participants in TIAA-CREF currently can choose to allocate their annuity premiums among a variety of funding vehicles, each representing specific investment characteristics. In our analysis of the trends in participant choices, we classify the TIAA-CREF funding vehicles according to four basic asset classes: (1) guaranteed, (2) equity, (3) fixed income, and (4) real estate. These classifications have been developed at TIAA-CREF to provide a framework in financial education and retirement planning programs. The box on page 2 lists the TIAA and CREF accounts within their asset classes. (The information on premium and asset allocations in this study covers the period 1986 through 1996, and therefore does not include the CREF Inflation-Linked Bond Account, which was made available to participants May 1, 1997.)
Broiler Utilization of Diets Formulated with High Oil Corn and Energy from Fat

Abstract A variety of corn having higher oil content (5.7%) than the common yellow dent corn (3.8%) was introduced experimentally in Brazil. Several questions about the nutritional characteristics of this newly developed corn arose from poultry nutritionists, especially regarding its energy utilization by broilers. This study attempted to compare the high oil corn (HOC) with the yellow dent corn (YDC) commonly used in broiler feeds in Brazil. Broiler field performance was evaluated with two groups of broilers fed diets containing HOC or YDC and high or low energy levels from 1 to 21 or from 21 to 42 days. Dry matter digestibility (DMD), ether extract digestibility (EED), and Amen were also determined with the two types of corn. Similar values of DMD and EED were found for both types of corn, but AMEn was higher for HOC (3478 kcal/kg) than for YDC (3280 kcal/kg). Results suggest a better utilization of YDC than HOC with young chicks when supplemental oil is added.