Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sobrevivência e viabilidade de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli em sementes de feijão armazenadas sob condições controladas

The establishment of seed banks for ex situ plant germplasma conservation is widely used. However, seedborne pathogens may affect germplasma integrity when it is regenerated and/or multiplied. The objective of this experiment was to monitor the longevity (survival) and viability (maintenance of infectivity) of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli in a contaminated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed lot (cv. Roxao), stored at -18 and 5 oC, which are, respectively, the normal temperatures for long and average term conservation of plant germplasma. Another sample was maintained at room temperature. Longevity of the bacteria was evaluated by the percentage of infected seeds, scoring typical colonies onto semi-selective medium, and the viability was determined by the capability of the isolates to reproduce the disease. The population of X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli was evaluated in seed stored for five years, by individually isolating the bacteria from seed wash and seedlings. The results showed that the initial contamination rate of 64% dropped to 36-37% for all treatments during the first six months. Final evaluations at 30 and 60 months showed that for seed stored at -18 and 5 oC, the contamination rate was maintained. This differed significantly from seed stored at room temperature. The best temperature for bacteria survival and maintenance was 5 °C. At this temperature, the population level was as high as 1.2 x 108 cfu/seed. Maintenance of infectivity after storage was also demonstrated. We concluded that the optimal conditions for seed conservation are the same as those for maintenance of X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli longevity.
Survey Detection and Prevention Scheme against Wormhole Attack in MANET

In Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) various routing attacks for single-path routing have been proposed in previous work. These nodes communicate with each other by interchange of packets, which for those nodes not in wireless range goes hop by hop. Due to absence of a defined central authority, securing the routing process becomes a challenging task thereby leaving MANETs vulnerable to attacks, by that the deterioration in the performance characteristics as well as raises a serious question mark about the reliability of such networks. This last point is where the main problem for MANET security resides, the ad hoc networks can be reached very easily by users, but also by malicious attackers. If a malicious attacker reaches the network, the attacker can easily exploit or possibly even disable the mobile ad hoc network. In this paper we presents the overview of types of attacks and their solution to recognizes the effect of attacker and security schemes.
D-dimer as an alarming biomarker in various cancers: a review of literature

Today cancer is the major health threat; and lot of efforts are being taken by many researchers; to fight against it. Even after these advancements in technologies, still death rate is gradually increasing, and the reason is late detection, delayed treatments and vascular complications, such as venous thromboembolic events (VTE). To overcome this; there is need of accurate and prompt investigation; which will guide during intervention with its effectiveness and feasibility, recently one of such investigations is to assess levels of D-dimer. The review is compiled through the search of electronic media; mainly Google search, Ebscohost and Pub-med etc. During search relevant key words inserted such as, D-dimer, oral cancer, Fibrinogen, Fibrinogen-degradation product (FDP), Head-neck cancer and VTE etc. Blood plays crucial role in many investigations; and very important in cancers. This is proved that, a degradation component of blood called D-dimer, may play important role during interventions of oral & other cancers. *Correspondence to: Ashok Vikey Prof. & Head, Dept. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Tel: +91 7024765488; E-mail: drvikey@yahoo.in
University of Groningen A Novel Reduced Model for Electrical Networks With Constant Power Loads

We consider a network-preserved model of power networks with proper algebraic constraints resulting from constant power loads. Both for the linear and the nonlinear differential algebraic model of the network, we derive explicit reduced models which are fully expressed in terms of ordinary differential equations. For deriving these reduced models, we introduce the “projected incidence” matrix which yields a novel decomposition of the reduced Laplacian matrix. With the help of this new matrix, we provide a complementary approach to Kron reduction which is able to cope with constant power loads and nonlinear power flow equations.
Study of Recent Development in Medical Image Processing Using Computer Visualization Based Method

The information extraction development of medical image, for instance Liver picture from exact camera, is complete of complexities and noises. As a result, cost used up on such processing like time and resources is high, particularly for big and complex quantity of information. This manuscript uses computer visualization-based methods to address the challenges. This method mainly includes four stages with unlike algorithms to deal with the medical liver images. Initially, smoothing algorithm is used to reduce the noise. Secondly, filtering algorithm is used for image study so as to recognize the target region. Thirdly, further enhancement algorithm is used to figure out the image features within the target area, finding out the basic outline of the image. Eventually, reduction algorithm is utilized to convert the original images into more smooth and precise pictures. Tentative results demonstrate that computer visualization-based medical image processing algorithm can accurately extract the relevant data and achieve better results, comparing with the traditional image processing method.
The Dynamics of Trade Balance and Terms of Trade

We document the main cyclical features of the trade balance and the terms of trade in European Union as a whole and in the four "Cohesion Countries", in particular. S-curve describes also well the dynamic effect of terms of trade on the trade balance in these set of countries. We use the Backus, Kehoe and Kydland (1994) model to replicate the empirical data. We show that only one variable in the model is robust to cross-country differences: the trade balance. Key-Words: Real Business Cycles, Trade Balance, Terms of Trade, S-curve
Evidence for bimodal orbital separations of white dwarf–red dwarf binary stars

We present the results of a radial velocity survey of 20 white dwarf plus M dwarf binaries selected as a follow up to a \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} study that aimed to spatially resolve suspected binaries. Our candidates are taken from the list of targets that were spatially unresolved with \textit{Hubble}. We have determined the orbital periods for 16 of these compact binary candidates. The period distribution ranges from 0.14 to 9.16\,d and peaks near 0.6\,d. The original sample therefore contains two sets of binaries, wide orbits ($\approx100-1000$\,au) and close orbits ($\lesssim1-10$\,au), with no systems found in the $\approx10-100$\,au range. This observational evidence confirms the bimodal distribution predicted by population models and is also similar to results obtained in previous studies. We find no binary periods in the months to years range, supporting the post common envelope evolution scenario. One of our targets, WD\,1504+546, was discovered to be an eclipsing binary with a period of 0.93\,d.
CDK 5 Inhibition Resolves PKA / cAMP-Independent Activation of CREB 1 Signaling in Glioma Stem Cells

Subbhas Mukherjee, Northwestern University Carol Tucker-Burden, Emory University Emily Kaissi, Emory University Austin Newsam, Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hithardhi Duggireddy, Emory University Monica Chau, University of Kentucky Changming Zhang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Bhakti Diwedi, Emory University Manali Rupji, Emory University Sandra Seby, Emory University
An investigation of the mechanisms of sound generation in initially laminar subsonic jets using the Goldstein acoustic analogy

Abstract The details of the sound sources within two initially laminar subsonic jets corresponding to different inflow conditions, one fully laminar and the other with nozzle boundary layer forcing, are studied using the Goldstein acoustic analogy. The statistics of the acoustic analogy equivalent sources are generated from large eddy simulations (LES) and issues associated with the range of validity of these are explored. The predicted comparative importance of various source terms confirms the results of previous studies, with the exception of one extra term that involves the longitudinal and the lateral source components. Agreement within 1 dB over the frequency range from Strouhal number $\mathit{St}= 0. 8$ to $\mathit{St}= 6$ , which was shown to best correspond to the validity range of the acoustic source model for the LES data available, is found between noise predictions using the acoustic analogy model and those of a previously conducted LES–ILEE (isotropic linearized Euler equation) control surface method for the nominally laminar inflow jet case. The acoustic analogy is used to determine the source length scales which contribute to noise at different radiated angles to the jet, how they are distributed and how they change with change of inflow conditions. For the vortex pairing frequency, using a new acoustic source decomposition technique based on the correlation length scale, two types of noise sources are found. One source, which corresponds to the peak source amplitude, is located at the upstream end of the jet and is associated with the vortex pairing. The other one, which is the dominant source, is associated with jet mixing at the end of the jet potential core. It is also shown that boundary layer forcing leads to a reduction in the contribution to the noise of the large source length scales in comparison with the fully laminar case.
Economic development and social capital in Sao Paulo state, Brazil

The aim of the study is to analyze the representative variables of the stock of social capital available in the Sao Paulo State's counties, Brazil, according to the theory and methodology proposed by Robert Putnam. It describes some representative elements of social capital in the counties of Sao Paulo (the most developed state of Brazil) using proxies to represent association, civism and trust among people. Associative life is reflected on the presence of organizations and entities that contribute to the socialization of individuals, favoring human interrelations. The civism can be seen in electoral participation and mass medias. On the absence of a variable that could better describe the trust criminality is used as a proxy to lack of trust. Additionally this research discusses some problems related to variables that are theoretically described as proxies of social capital but were discharged due to statistical, methodological or conceptual problems. Using principal components factor analysis six factors were obtained to represent the social capital in the state of Sao Paulo, explaining 58.5% of the total variance of the 22 variables used in analysis. This study attests the existence of positive relation between the variables that represent different forms of social capital, according to the proxies used, and the variable that represents development - Human Development Index (HDI-M) in Sao Paulo state counties.
Ultrasound degradation of xanthan polymer in aqueous solution : Its scission mechanism and the e ff ect of NaCl incorporation

Degradation of xanthan polymer in aqueous solution by ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. The effects of selected variables i.e. sonication intensity, irradiation time, concentration of xanthan gum and molar concentration of NaCl in solution were studied. Combined approach of full factorial design and conventional one-factor-at-a-time was applied to obtain optimum degradation at sonication power intensity of 11.5 W cm, irradiation time 120 min and 0.1 g L xanthan in a salt-free solution. Molecular weight reduction of xanthan gum under sonication was described by an exponential decay function with higher rate constant for polymer degradation in the salt free solution. The limiting molecular weight where fragments no longer undergo scission was determined from the function. The incorporation of NaCl in xanthan solution resulted in a lower limiting molecular weight. The ultrasound-mediated degradation of aqueous xanthan polymer chain agreed with a random scission model. Side chain of xanthan polymer is proposed to be the primary site of scission action.
Complex Formation of ICL670 and Related Ligands with FeIII and FeII

Complex formation of 4-[3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]benzoic acid (ICL670, H3Lx), 4-[3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]benzosulfonic acid (H3Ly), and 3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole (H2Lz) with Fe3+ and Fe2+ was investigated in H2O and in H2O/DMSO mixtures by potentiometry, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry. ICL670 has previously been considered as a promising drug for an oral treatment of iron overload. In this paper, the stability and redox properties of the various FeII and FeIII complexes were elucidated with a particular focus on their potential involvement in the generation of oxidative stress. The overall stability constants of [FeIII(Lx)] and [FeIII(Lx)2]3− (25 °C, 0.1 M KCl in H2O) are log β1 = 22.0 and log β2 = 36.9, respectively. The affinity of these ligands for Fe2+ is remarkably poor. In particular, the 1:2 complexes [FeII(Lx)2]4− and [FeII(Ly)2]4− were found to be less stable. As a consequence, the redox chemistry of the [FeIII(Lx)]/[FeII(Lx)]− and the [FeIII(Lx)2]3−/[FeII(Lx)2]4− couples differs significantly. [FeIII(Lx)2]3− is a very weak oxidizing agent (E1/2 is approximately −0.6 V versus NHE) and reduction of [FeIII(Lx)2]3− is not anticipated under physiological conditions. The reduction potential of the [FeIII(Lx)]/[FeII(Lx)]− couple is considerably less negative and was estimated to be +0.1 V (versus NHE). The possible roles of the various Fe complexes as catalysts for the Fenton reaction in biological media are discussed. The crystal structures of H3Lx, Na[Fe(Lz)2]·4EtOH, Na[Al(Lz)2]· 4EtOH, and [Cu(Lz)(pyridine)]2 were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the possible influence of the particular steric requirements of these ligands on the stability of the metal complexes has been analyzed. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Formal and informal prediction of recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction after stroke

Background: The objective of this study was to: (1) systematically review the reporting and methods used in the development of clinical prediction models for recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) after ischemic stroke; (2) to meta-analyze their external performance; and (3) to compare clinical prediction models to informal clinicians’ prediction in the Edinburgh Stroke Study (ESS). Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, reference lists and forward citations of relevant articles from 1980 to 19 April 2013. We included articles which developed multivariable clinical prediction models for the prediction of recurrent stroke and/or MI following ischemic stroke. We extracted information to assess aspects of model development as well as metrics of performance to determine predictive ability. Model quality was assessed against a pre-defined set of criteria. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool performance metrics. Results: We identified twelve model development studies and eleven evaluation studies. Investigators often did not report effective sample size, regression coefficients, handling of missing data; typically categorized continuous predictors; and used data dependent methods to build models. A meta-analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) was possible for the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) and for the Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II); the pooled AUROCCs were 0.60 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.62) and 0.62 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.64), respectively. An evaluation among minor stroke patients in the ESS demonstrated that clinicians discriminated poorly between those with and those without recurrent events and that this was similar to clinical prediction models. Conclusions: The available models for recurrent stroke discriminate poorly between patients with and without a recurrent stroke or MI after stroke. Models had a similar discrimination to informal clinicians' predictions. Formal prediction may be improved by addressing commonly encountered methodological problems.
Host-use and selection of differently colored sea anemones by the symbiotic crab Allopetrolisthes spinifrons

Adults of the reddish green symbiotic crab Allopetrolisthes spinifrons obtain different degrees of camouflage from the red, green, reddish green, and blue sea anemones Phymactis clematis, and the orange Phymanthea pluvia on which they are commonly found. Previous studies have indicated that the distribution of the crab on sea anemones may be influenced by the host’s coloration. During the present study, we tested whether adult crabs dwell more commonly on those sea anemones that offer a higher degree of camouflage, and whether ‘‘behavioral preferences’’ can explain crab distribution on sea anemone species and color morphs in the field. We examined the frequency of occurrence of adult crabs on 200 sea anemones of each color morph, and crab distribution was compared to that expected by the relative abundance of different anemone hosts in the field. Adult crabs occurred more frequently than expected by chance on sea anemones most similar to their own color (reddish green), and occurred less frequently than expected by chance on sea anemones where homochromy was reduced (e.g. blue). Multiple host selection experiments conducted under laboratory conditions demonstrated that adult crabs avoid blue sea anemones compared to other host color morphs offered for colonization, but no preference was observed among red, green, reddish green, and orange sea anemones. These results suggest that ‘‘behavioral preference’’ play a role in determining the field distribution of A. spinifrons adult crabs in the field. The lack of preference for reddish green sea anemones in the laboratory, but its high frequency of occupancy by adult crabs in the intertidal, further suggests that factors other than homochromyrelated preferences (e.g. sea anemones habitat) might affect crab distribution in the field. Alternative host selection experiments revealed that the specific host from which crabs were 0022-0981/02/$ see front matter D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S0022 -0981 (02 )00476 -8 * Corresponding author. Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 705042451, USA. Tel. : +1-337-482-5231. E-mail address: jab9444@louisiana.edu (J.A. Baeza). www.elsevier. com/locate/jembe Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 284 (2003) 25–39 collected (source host) affected the host-choice behavior of crabs, indicating that previous experience is important in choice of sea anemone hosts. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The maritime dispersal of Pleistocene humans

The global evidence presently available for Pleistocene maritime navigation is comprehensively reviewed, and considered within the context of the relevant technologies. It reveals a pattern of widespread island colonisation during the Late Pleistocene, and of much earlier seafaring abilities in two world regions, south-eastern Asia and the Mediterranean. Sea barriers have acted as technological filters for hominids, in the sense that their crossing was only possible at specific technological thresholds. This principle is similar to the filtering effects of the same barriers on animal species, which relate to the distance a breeding population was able to cross by one means or another. To better understand the technological magnitude of these many maritime accomplishments, expeditions are currently engaged in a series of replicative experiments. The theoretical conditions of these experiments are examined. The paper concludes with the proposition that hominid cognitive and cultural evolution during the Middle and early Late Pleistocene has been severely misjudged. The navigational feats of Pleistocene seafarers confirm the cultural evidence of sophistication already available in palaeoart study.
Model of surface tension in the keyhole formation area during laser welding

The nature of the laser welding process depends among others on the beam power density. Increasing the amount of energy supplied to the material, results in evolution from a shallow weld pool with flat surface, to the deep welding pool with a developed surface of the keyhole. The resulting gas/liquid surface boundary moves along with the laser beam and deforms, influenced by forces acting toward normal and tangential direction. Do not taking into account the curvature of the free surface, leads to non-physical values of the liquid velocity. In this study, for tracking and location of the interface, Volume of Fluid method (VOF) was used. It may be noted that the calculated contribution of the liquid phase, abruptly changes the value in the neighboring cells. In this paper we calculate the first and second derivatives of the liquid phase fraction function. Therefore, approximation of the normal vector and curvature of the free surface, requires the introduction of new, alternative smoothing rapid changes function. The value and direction of the force vectors were calculated, using the normal vector and curvature of the successive surface locations. The results were compared for different welding parameters.
Bamberg An infrastructure to explore research challenges in the wild

With ever emerging technological resources that can interact with the physical environment, we have an opportunity to drastically improve the usage of resources and improve the quality of life of communities of people. There are numerous problems that must be solved first. Research areas such as security, privacy, data quality, and data modeling must be addressed. In order to move forward to a better world, we have established the living lab Bamberg where we will address these research problems and provide open data and APIs to other researchers to enable collaboration and extensive testing of smart city research and applications. As we continue to use the living lab Bamberg to improve state of the art research in smart cities, we believe we will see smart city technology adopted more commonly and drastically improve the lives of people living in those cities.
Functional time series forecasting: Functional singular spectrum analysis approaches

We introduce two novel nonparametric forecasting methods designed for functional time series (FTS), namely, functional singular spectrum analysis (FSSA) recurrent and vector forecasting. Our algorithms rely on extracted signals obtained from the FSSA method and innovative recurrence relations to make predictions. These techniques are model‐free, capable of predicting nonstationary FTS and utilize a computational approach for parameter selection. We also employ a bootstrap algorithm to assess the goodness‐of‐prediction. Through comprehensive evaluations on both simulated and real‐world climate data, we showcase the effectiveness of our techniques compared to various parametric and nonparametric approaches for forecasting nonstationary stochastic processes. Furthermore, we have implemented these methods in the Rfssa R package and developed a shiny web application for interactive exploration of the results.