Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long tail balloon as a new approach for fetoscopic tracheal occlusion for a treatment of severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a significant challenge for neonatal specialists. In order to reduce complications during extraction of the surgical balloon after fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) CDH, we have developed a FETO with a ‘long tail balloon’ of 2.5 mL volume. Here we describe two successful uses of the device with observed/expected total fetal lung volume (o/e TFLV) of 15% and with o/e TFLV of 24% and ‘liver up’. The o/e TFLV increased to 134% in first case and to 47% in second fetus. The balloon was successfully extracted at 34 weeks' gestation by pulling the long tail suture during second fetoscopy. In the second case the fetus pulled out the balloon from trachea itself by traction onto the balloon's long tail. Both neonates were operated on for their CDH with a good outcome. This work showed the feasibility of this long tail balloon for FETO to reduce the technical difficulty of the balloon extraction and the possibility that fetuses are able to extract the balloon by itself by pulling the balloons' long tail. Further development of long tail balloon for FETO could facilitate its extraction thereby reducing neonatal complications.
PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds with human endometrial stem cells/Schwann cells facilitate axon regeneration in spinal cord injury

The significant consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI) include sensory and motor disability resulting from the death of neuronal cells and axon degeneration. In this respect, overcoming the consequences of SCI including the recovery of sensory and motor functions is considered to be a difficult tasks that requires attention to multiple aspects of treatment. The breakthrough in tissue engineering through the integration of biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells has brought a new hope for the treatment of SCI. In the present study, human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) were cultured with human Schwann cells (hSC) in transwells, their differentiation into nerve‐like cells was confirmed by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunocytochemistry techniques. The differentiated cells (co‐hEnSC) were then seeded on the poly ε‐caprolactone (PCL)/gelatin scaffolds. The SEM images displayed the favorable seeding and survival of the cells on the scaffolds. The seeded scaffolds were then transplanted into hemisected SCI rats. The growth of neuronal cells was confirmed with immunohistochemical study using NF‐H as a neuronal marker. Finally, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test confirmed the recovery of sensory and motor functions. The results suggested that combination therapy using the differentiated hEnSC seeded on PCL/gelatin scaffolds has the potential to heal the injured spinal cord and to limit the secondary damage.
Effect of In Situ short–term temperature increase on carbon metabolism and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes in a community dominated by the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

Seagrasses form one of the most productive and threatened ecosystems worldwide because of global change and anthropogenic pressures. The frequency of extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are expected to increase and may drive even more adverse effects than gradual warming. This study explores for the first time the effects of a sudden and temporary increase of temperature in situ on carbon metabolism and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes in a community dominated by a seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) during two contrasting seasons (winter and summer). Results showed a positive correlation between temperature and seagrass production between seasons, while the experimental sudden and temporary increase in water temperature did not produce significant differences in carbon community metabolism and DOC fluxes in winter. In contrast, high temperature conditions in summer enhanced significantly the net community production and affected positively to DOC fluxes. Hence, this study indicates that a sudden and temporary increase in water temperature, which characterize marine heat waves, in temperate areas may enhance the autotrophic metabolism of seagrass communities and can yield an increase in the DOC released, in contrast to previous researches suggesting solely negative effects on seagrasses.
Toward Personalized Medicine in Bronchiolitis

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Hippo pathway controls cell adhesion and context‐dependent cell competition to influence skin engraftment efficiency

Cell competition is involved in mammalian embryogenesis and tumor elimination and progression. It was previously shown that, whereas NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts expressing high levels of the yes‐associated protein 1(YAP1) target TEA domain family (TEAD) transcription factors become “winners” in cell competitions, Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells expressing activated YAP1 become “losers” and are eliminated from culture monolayers. Thus, YAPl's role in cell competitions is clearly context dependent. Here, we show that keratinocytes overexpressing a constitutively activated YAP1 mutant lose in in vitro competitions with control cells conducted in standard tissue culture dishes and undergo apical extrusion. Similarly, cells in which endogenous YAP1 is activated by NF2 knockdown become losers. The YAP1‐overexpressing cells exhibit a decrease in cell‐matrix adhesion because of defective expression of adhesion molecules such as fibronectin‐1. Cell adhesion‐mediated proliferation is also impaired. However, because of intrinsic factors, YAP1‐expressing cells proliferate faster than control cells when cocultured in dishes impeding cell adhesion. In vivo, Mob1a/b‐deficient (YAP1‐activated) epidermis, which shows decreased expression of type XVII collagen, cannot be engrafted successfully onto donor mice. YAP1‐activated skin grafts shrink away from surrounding control skin, and the epidermis peels off the basement membrane. Our data show that YAP1 activation controls cell competition in part by decreasing cell adhesion. —Nishio, M. , Miyachi, Y. , Otani, J., Tane, S. , Omori, H. , Ueda, F. , Togashi, H. , Sasaki, T. , Mak, T. W. , Nakao, K. , Fujita, Y. , Nishina, H. , Maehama, T. , Suzuki, A. Hippo pathway controls cell adhesion and context‐dependent cell competition to influence skin engraftment efficiency. FASEB J. 33, 5548–5560 (2019). www.fasebj. org
An Overview of Reviews on the Safety of Electroconvulsive Therapy Administered During Pregnancy

Objective: To inform obstetricians and psychiatrists about the safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) administration during pregnancy and to reconcile conflicting recommendations concerning this treatment. Methods: A systematically conducted overview was undertaken on the safety of ECT during pregnancy. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Ovid were independently searched by 2 of the authors from January 2015 to March 2017 using the following search terms: electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, and electroshock combined with pregnancy and reviews. Articles were reviewed and critically appraised using components of the PRISMA and AMSTAR systematic review assessment tools. Results: Of the 9 articles that were identified, 5 publications of varying methodological quality met inclusion criteria and involved a range of 32 to 339 patients. The most common problems that occurred in association with ECT were fetal arrhythmia, fetal bradycardia, premature birth, developmental delay, abdominal pain, uterine contraction, vaginal bleeding, placental abruption, and threatened abortion. The number of fetal deaths in each of the reviews ranged from 2 to 12. The authors of 1 of the 5 reviews recommended that ECT only be used as a last resort, whereas the authors of the other reviews took the stance that the administration of ECT during pregnancy was relatively safe. Differences in recommendations among reviews were in part due to inclusion criteria and how adverse events were attributed to ECT. Conclusions: Our overview supports the conclusion, which has also been endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Psychiatric Association, that administration of ECT during pregnancy is relatively safe. Conclusions about safety, however, will become better established with the availability of more data.
Sexual Desire, Mood, Attachment Style, Impulsivity, and Self-Esteem as Predictive Factors for Addictive Cybersex

Background An increasing number of studies are concerned with various aspects of cybersex addiction, the difficulty some persons have in limiting cybersex use despite a negative impact on everyday life. Objective The aim of this study was to assess potential links between the outcome variable cybersex addiction, assessed with the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) adapted for cybersex use, and several psychological and psychopathological factors, including sexual desire, mood, attachment style, impulsivity, and self-esteem, by taking into account the age, sex, and sexual orientation of cybersex users. Methods A Web-based survey was conducted in which participants were assessed for sociodemographic variables and with the following instruments: CIUS adapted for cybersex use, Sexual Desire Inventory, and Short Depression-Happiness Scale. Moreover, attachment style was assessed with the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire (Anxiety and Avoidance subscales). Impulsivity was measured by using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency Impulsive Behavior Scale. Global self-esteem was assessed with the 1-item Self-Esteem Scale. Results A sample of 145 subjects completed the study. Addictive cybersex use was associated with higher levels of sexual desire, depressive mood, avoidant attachment style, and male gender but not with impulsivity. Conclusions Addictive cybersex use is a function of sexual desire, depressive mood, and avoidant attachment.
Extramammary Paget's disease: a review of the literature

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy. The disease typically affects older individuals aged 60–80 years and is seen most frequently in postmenopausal Caucasian women and Asian men. EMPD exhibits a predilection for the genital and perianal regions and may be associated with an underlying carcinoma in adjacent organs. EMPD presents a challenge in both diagnosis and management. Often treated empirically as various dermatitides, the correct diagnosis is frequently delayed by many years. Following diagnosis, an extensive search for an associated malignancy should be initiated. If invasive disease is present on biopsy, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may guide further treatment. Mohs micrographic surgery appears to be superior to wide local excision when considering tissue sparing ability and disease recurrence. Nonsurgical interventions have also been investigated with varied results. Regardless of treatment method, long‐term follow‐up is recommended to monitor for local disease recurrence, development of internal malignancy, regional lymphadenopathy, or distant metastasis.
Fluid Tonicity Affects Peritoneal Characteristics Derived by 3-Pore Model

Background: It is typically assumed that within short time-frames, patient-specific peritoneal membrane characteristics are constant and do not depend on the initial fluid tonicity and dwell duration. The aim of this study was to check whether this assumption holds when membrane properties are estimated using the 3-pore model (3PM). Methods: Thirty-two stable peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients underwent 3 8-hour peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) with different glucose-based solutions (1.36%, 2.27%, and 3.86%). Temporary drainage was performed at 1 and 4 hours. Glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, and phosphate concentrations were measured in dialysate and blood samples. Three-pore model parameters were estimated for each patient and each 8-hour PET separately. In addition, model parameters were estimated using data truncated to the initial 4 hours of peritoneal dwell. Results: In all cases, model-estimated parameter values were within previously reported ranges. The peritoneal absorption (PA) and diffusive permeability for all solutes except sodium increased with fluid tonicity, with about 18% increase when switching from glucose 2.27% to 3.86%. Glucose peritoneal reflection coefficient and osmotic conductance (OsmCond), and fraction of hydraulic conductance for ultrasmall pores decreased with fluid tonicity (over 40% when switching from glucose 1.36%). Model fitting to the truncated 4-hour data resulted in little change in the parameters, except for PA, peritoneal hydraulic conductance, and OsmCond, for which higher values for the 4-hour dwell were found. Conclusion: Initial fluid tonicity has a substantial impact on the 3PM-estimated characteristics of the peritoneal membrane, whereas the impact of dwell duration was relatively small and possibly influenced by the change in the patient's activity.
A Prospective Test of the Temporal Sequencing of Risk Factor Emergence in the Dual Pathway Model of Eating Disorders

Prospective studies have identified risk factors that predict future onset of eating disorders, but none has provided a test of the temporal sequencing of the emergence of risk factors hypothesized in a multivariate etiologic model of eating disorder development. Using data from an 8-year prospective study of 496 adolescent girls, we first conducted receiver operator characteristic plots to identify cut-points for each risk factor that optimally predicted future onset of threshold or subthreshold bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and purging disorder. We then used growth curve models to estimate the age at which each participant crossed the disorder-predictive cutpoint for each risk factor, or if they did not, during follow-up, permitting a test of whether the risk factors emerged in the sequence hypothesized in the Dual Pathway etiologic model. Overall, 47% of the 51 youth who showed onset of one of these eating disorders first showed emergence of disorder-predictive levels of perceived pressure to be thin and/or thin-ideal internalization, before showing onset of disorder-predictive levels of body dissatisfaction, before showing onset of disorder-predictive levels of dieting and/or negative affect, before showing onset of the eating disorder; another 29% had one of these steps out of order or did not cross one step in this model. Youth who did not show onset of an eating disorder were significantly less likely to cross the disorder-predictive cut-points for each risk factor or to conform to the sequence of risk factor emergence hypothesized in this model. Results provide novel support for the temporal sequencing of risk factor emergence hypothesized in this multivariate etiologic model and suggest that prevention programs that reduce perceived pressure to be thin and thin-ideal internalization among early adolescent girls with these factors should reduce eating disorder onset, as well as downstream risk factors that are also aversive (e.g., body dissatisfaction and negative affect).
Regional and muscle-specific adaptations in knee extensor hypertrophy using flywheel vs. conventional weight-stack resistance exercise.

This study compared the effects of the most frequently employed protocols of flywheel vs. weight-stack resistance exercise (RE) on regional and muscle-specific adaptations of the knee extensors. Sixteen men (n=8) and women (n=8) performed 8 weeks (2-3 days/wk) of knee extension RE employing flywheel technology (FW) on one leg (4x7 repetitions), while the contralateral leg performed regular weight-stack (WS) training (4x8-12 repetitions). Maximal strength (1RM in WS) and peak FW power were determined before and after training for both legs. Partial muscle volume of vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus intermedius (VI) and rectus femoris (RF) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, quadriceps (QF) cross-sectional area was assessed at a proximal and a distal site. There were no differences (P>0.05) between FW vs. WS in muscle hypertrophy of the QF (8% vs. 9%), VL (10% vs. 11%), VM (6% vs. 8%) or VI (5% vs. 5%). Muscle hypertrophy tended (P=0.09) to be greater at the distal compared with the proximal site, but there was no interaction with exercise method. Increases in 1RM and FW peak power were similar across legs, yet the increase in 1RM was greater in men (31%) than in women (20%). These findings suggest that FW and WS training induce comparable muscle-specific hypertrophy of the knee extensors. Given that these robust muscular adaptations were brought about with markedly fewer repetitions in the FW compared with WS, it seems FW training can be recommended as a particularly time-efficient exercise paradigm.
Safe Transportation in-Spica Following Surgical Treatment of Infantile DDH: Solutions and Threats

Background: Government regulations mandate appropriate vehicular restraints for children under 4 years of age. Patients treated for infantile developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with spica casts often require special accommodations. Previous work suggests that car seat loaner programs may help achieve these goals while avoiding the need for costly ambulance transportation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our center’s experience with postdischarge transportation in a large population of DDH infants and identify future threats to our program. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients 4 years or younger of age who underwent closed or open reduction for DDH at our center between 2011 and 2018. Only the initial surgery of staged procedures was included. Patient demographic factors were recorded, as were procedure type, final restraint used for postdischarge transportation, and any potential discharge delays secondary to transportation issues. Costs were compared amongst transportation options. Results: Our cohort consisted of 130 patients (mean age, 1.4±0.9 y; 98 females) treated for DDH. In total 41 children (31.5%) underwent closed reduction procedures, whereas 89 patients (68.5%) underwent open reductions. After reduction, 62 (47.7%) received 2-legged spica casts and 68 (52.3%) received 1.5-legged casts. The most common restraint was a hospital-loaned Hippo car seat (73, 55.8%) followed by family-owned car seats (27, 20.8%). Eight patients (6.2%) experienced delays in discharge while waiting for adequate restraints, 6 patients (4.6%) were transported by ambulance, and 4 patients (3.1%) left against medical advice with inadequate restraints. Conclusions: Following surgical treatment of DDH, over 50% of patients with a spica cast were discharged using our center’s car seat loaner program. However, availability and cost can present barriers for patients, with 4.6% of patients still being transported home by ambulance and 3.1% with inadequate restraints against medical advice. Costs of car seats are significant both for patients’ families intending to purchase them, as well as for hospitals maintaining loaner programs and replacing used/lost seats. Moving forward, the recent cessation of production of the most common “spica car seat” threatens the longevity of existing loaner programs and calls renewed attention to the issue of safe transportation in-spica from providers and car-seat manufacturers alike. Level of Evidence: Level III.
Influence of gas environment and heating on atomic structures of platinum nanoparticle catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Atomic-scale relaxations of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) for fuel-cell catalysts are evaluated by spherical-aberration corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) under reference high-vacuum and N2 atmospheres, and then under reactive H2, CO and O2 atmospheres, combined with ex situ durability test using an electrochemical half-cell. In high-vacuum, increasing roughness due to continuous relaxation of surface-adsorbed Pt atoms is quantified in real-space. Under H2 and N2 atmospheres at a critical partial pressure of 1 × 10−2 Pa the stability of the surface facets is for the first time found to be improved. The adsorption behaviour of CO molecules is investigated using experimentally measured Pt–Pt bond lengths on the topmost surface layer of Pt NPs. The deactivation of Pt NPs in the anode environment of a proton-exchange-membrane fuel-cell is demonstrated at the atomic-scale in the ETEM, and the transformation of NPs into disordered nanoclusters is systematically quantified using the partial size distribution of Pt atomic clusters under controlled heating experiments at 423, 573 and 723 K.