Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Left-Right Political Spectrum and the Human Gene Pool

Left-Right system is a well-known political spectrum apropos across the global politics. A number of social, cultural, linguistic, religious and economic attributes are identifiable in either of these two spectral extremities throughout the world. It is also widely known that intra- and inter-population heterogeneity of gene pools contributes in speciationthe split of genealogical lineage into two or more. However, a connection between Left-Right political spectra, or any political spectra for that matter, and the human gene pool remain consummately unknown. The present ab initio analysis reveal that the identifiable traits of left-right political spectra has strong and inherent potentials to directly affect the human gene pool to an extent to contribute in inter- and intra-population genetic heterogeneity, and, therefore, can affect processes of speciation and hybridization. The stereotypic leftist attributes can potentially result in high intra-population genetic heterogeneity, low inter-population genetic heterogeneity, and hybridization between divulging gene pools. On the other hand, rightist attributes can result in low intra-population heterogeneity, high inter-population heterogeneity, and ultimately the speciation. A plausible reason is the differential contribution of these traits towards assortative mating in human population via assortment of shared ancestry; i.e., population stratification and positive assortative mating due to homogamy. In the light of this central premise, repercussions of Left-Right political spectra on human evolution are deliberated. Argued here is that Left-Right political spectra have shared abstraction with Nurture-Nature axis of human perception. Therefore, it is plausible that Leftist and Rightist preferences are interposed by cerebral cortex and amygdala, respectively, and can very well have genetic rationale.
Using SNP to Enhance Fatty Acids Composition in Goat milk

Dairy goats are a potential source of animal protein that can address the future animal protein requirement. Milk and dairy foods are the main source of total fat and saturate fatty acids, risk factors of the coronary heart disease. Other important milk fatty acids, in particular linoleic acid and its conjugated showed anti-carcinogenic, immunological and anti-inflammatory effects. Candidate genes, quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association studies are trying to identify regions associated with milk fat composition in order to select individuals carrying the most favorable composition, but very few markers were identified. A preliminary study was conducted to verify if, using genomic data, the canonical discriminant analysis could be adopted to distinguish goats producing different levels of fatty acids. Further study is required to confirm the results suggesting that a 50 SNP panel could be useful.
An inhibitor of the Cdc2-like kinase 4 (Clk4)

The Cdc2-like kinases (Clk’s) and the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (Dyrk’s) have specified roles in gene splicing. Specifically, the Clk class of enzymes has been shown to phosphorylate the serine- and arginine-rich (SR) proteins, which are a major component of the spliceosome. Dyrk1A has been shown to accumulate in nuclear speckles, where it interacts and activates splicing factors. It has been hypothesized that inhibition of these targets may offer a mechanism to control splicing. This probe represents our continued examination of substituted 6-arylquinazolin-4-amines as Clk/Dyrk inhibitors. Several of the most potent inhibitors, including ML167 (CID 44968231) were validated as being highly selective within a comprehensive kinome scan. Appropriate aqueous solubility and stability were found for this agent.
Population Biology and Life History of the North American Menhadens, Brevoortia spp.

Four recognized species of menhaden, Brevoortia spp. , occur in North American marine waters: Atlantic menhaden, B. tyrannus; Gulf menhaden, B. patronus; yellowfin menhaden. B. smithi; and finescale menhaden, B. gunteri. Three of the menhaden species are known to form two hybrid types. Members of the genus range from coastal waters of Veracruz, Mex. , to Nova Scotia, Can. Atlantic and Gulf menhaden are extremely abundant within their respective ranges and support extensive purse-seine reduction (to fish meal and oil) fisheries. All menhaden species are estuarine dependent through late larval and juvenile stages. Depending on species and location within the range, spawning may occur within bays and sounds to a substantial distance offshore. Menhaden are considered to be filter-feeding, planktivorous omnivores as juveniles and adults. Menhaden eggs, immature developmental stages, and adults are potential prey for a large and diverse number of predators. North American menhadens, including two hybrids, are hosts for the parasitic isopod, Olencira praegustator, and the parasitic copepod, Lemaeenicus radiatus. Although the data are quite variable, a dome-shaped Ricker function is frequently used to describe the spawner-recruitment relationship for Atlantic and Gulf menhaden. Each of these species is treated as a single stock with respect to exploitation by the purse-seine reduction fishery. Estimates of instantaneous natural (other) mortality rates are O.45 for Atlantic menhaden and 1.1 for Gulf menhaden.
Insect biodiversity in three Sydney urban parklands with differing levels of human usage

For the rational design, planning and management of recreation and conservation areas in urban regions, sustainable and functioning ecosystems need to be considered. Not only have ecosystems with abundant species diversity proved more productive in agriculture, they are also more stable and resilient to invading species (Wilson 1992; Tilman 2000). Ongoing studies have also indicated that ecosystems are unique and of intrinsic value, for regenerated systems never replicate the original (Wilson 1992; Tilman 2000). Strategic management of functional ecosystems requires and relies upon supportive scientific data for which fieldwork is indispensable. Towards this end, and assuming a greater urgency as habitat is threatened and climate change is occurring, larger vertebrates have been well studied ( Margules and Pressey 2000), while invertebrates are often neglected. Yet insects are the most diverse and successful of all fauna and are essential for most functional ecosystems (Wilson 1992).
The Recovery and Molecular Diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Egypt

Objectives: The aim of this study to investigate MG in field cases of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and its tissue distribution in positive cases. Methods: Polymerase Chain Reaction by different approaches was used in comparison to the culture method. The study included 385 birds, from which (1,155) samples of trachea, lung tissue and air sacs were collected from different farms of Layers, broilers and Breeders flocks located in seven governorates. Findings: Three detection methods of MG revealed that, the highest recovery rate of MG was achieved by PCR on 48 hours incubation PPLO broth (70.9%), followed by direct PCR on infected tissue (65.45%). The lowest recovery rate was for conventional cultivation method (17.66%) indicating that PCR is more sensitive. On the other hand tissue distribution pattern of MG showed higher percentage from trachea followed by air sacs then lung. Application: The PCR is superior to culture as it is rapid and sensitive for diagnosis of MG , which is compatible with surveillance and control programs of MG . Regarding tissue distribution pattern the trachea has a more privilege during diagnosis of MG infection.
Comparative pathology of mouse models of human cancers: Genetically engineering a mouse

Introduction These are the first of a series of epitomes developed by the lead pathologists from the Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium (MMHCC) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Each epitome is designed to provide the reader with a short, but authoritative review of the pathologic features in each of 10 organ systems, with short bibliographies to lead the interested to the pertinent literature. The MMHCC is a program developed by the NCI, the mission of which is to assist in development, study, and validation of mouse models of human cancers. The MMHCC involves 40 institutions, and is currently organized into eight organ site committees and a number of standing committees. The organ committees include breast, ovary, prostate, gastrointestinal tract, lung, hematopoietic, neural, and skin. The MMHCC Steering Committee appointed a Standing Committee for Pathology and Laboratory Medicine that was charged with the tasks of “validating” the models and developing diagnostic nomenclature, annotated images, diagnostic characteristics, and technical protocols. These tasks were, in part, organized and performed during a series of workshops that were organized by the MMHCC organ site committees to evaluate the current status of animal models for their organ systems. Each meeting convened a workshop of MMHCC pathologists and outside experts, to examine and discuss slide sets representing models of the organ site. A consensus report has now been published describing the conclusions of each workshop. With several exceptions, these epitomes are provided by the lead pathologist and organizer of the workshops. The collections of epitomes are designed to give the reader an overview of the current status of mouse models of cancer. Each epitome will provide some insight concerning the number and types of models available for study, their biology, how they are created, the effect of background strains, and the key steps in validation. The reader will find considerable variability in the current development of the various organ system models. The differences are somewhat based on the availability of good promoter systems or adequate conditional knockout systems for tumor suppressors. The background strain of mouse is only now Alexander D. Borowsky, MD, Jose J. Galvez, MD, Robert J. Munn, and Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD,* Guest Editors
Respiration in Developing Honeybee Larvae

SummaryThe dichotomy between queen and worker honeybee larvae with respect to oxygen consumption appeared at about 50 hours. It was characterized by a progressive increase in the rate of uptake (in μl/hr/mg) by queen larvae and a progressive decrease in the rate of uptake by worker larvae, that continued until about 72 hours. During this period oxygen uptake was sensitive to the influence of diet, royal jelly supporting a higher level than worker jelly in both queen and worker larvae. Worker jelly reduced the rate of increase in consumption by queen larvae, but royal jelly did not significantly retard the rate of decrease in worker larvae. Feeding worker jelly to queen larvae 72–96 hours old reduced their oxygen uptake, but feeding royal jelly to worker larvae of the same age had no significant effect. Oxygen consumption varied appreciably with season in queen larvae but not in worker larvae.Although oxygen consumption is higher in queen larvae, caution is necessary in adopting absolute rates as indicator.
Antimicrobial Peptides: a promising class of antimicrobial compounds against BWA and multi-drug resistant bacteria: in the spotlight: the lactoferrin chimera

Anti-Microbial Peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune defense system and considered as promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-bacterial agents. In general, AMPs are simple, short peptides with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. AMPs are, inherently structured, to target and interact with bio-membranes. The AMPs in this study are derived from Lactoferrin. Lactoferrin is one of the antimicrobial components of the immune system of the body. In our laboratory, the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, the effects on host cell attachment and cell invasion of Lactoferrin and derived AMPs: lactoferricin, lactoferrampin and LFchimera (a chimera of lactoferricin and lactoferrampin) are studied against a broad range of bacteria including Bacillus antracis, Yersinia pestis and Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Microbiological and biochemical evaluation of a fermented soyabean product: Soyadawadawa

Soyabean (Glycine max L Merr) was processed in the laboratory to give a moist fermented product, soyadawadawa having a strong ammoniacal odour typical of iru, a fermented product from African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa Jacq). Microorganisms associated with the fermentation were Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. circulans, B. pumilus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Bacillus subtilis was the predominant microorganism. The moisture level varied from 44% in freshly cooked cotyledons to 60% in fermented product. There was an Increase in pH from 6.1 to 7.4; an increase in titratable acidity from 0.7 to 0.1 while temperature increased from 31 to 52°C over the same period of fermentation. Reducing sugar level increased from 1.88 to 5.7 g, protease activity level frorn 7.4 to 278 mg tyrosine equivalent/g and total amino acid content from 22 to 554 mg glycine equivalent.
Effects of Density and Relative Time of Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Emergence on Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Abstract For create of food security is essential increasing of efficiency and more productivity strategic products such as potato. In order to investigate the effects of density and relative time of pigweed emergence on potato, a factorial field experiment was conducted during 2014 based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Borojen, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. Treatments were combination of three different pigweed densities (5, 10 and 15 plants/m2) and relative time of pigweed emergence (4 and 8 days before potato, emerged with potato, 4 days after potato emergence). Results indicated that the effects of density and relative time of emergence of pigweed was significant on number of branches per plant, plant height, number of tubers per square meter, biological yield and tuber yield of potato. Also, the interaction of between experimental factors was significant on the biological yield and tuber yield of potato. The earlier emergence and pigweed density led to reduce number of branches per node,biological yield and tuber yield and increase plant height of potato. The presence of weeds caused reduce the size and number of potato tubers. Procedure of decreasing biological yield and tuber yield potato was different with density increasing of pigweed in various relative time of emergence treatment. The highest (39.8 t ha-1) and the least (18.4 t ha-1) tuber yield were related to density of five plants/m2 and emergence at 4 days after potato and density of 15 plants/m2 and emergence at 8 days before potato treatments, respectively.
An ecophysiological study of starter streptococci

Cheese starter cultures used for the production of Gouda cheese consist of a mixture of strains of S. cremoris, S. lactis, S. diacetylactis and Leuconostoc spp. The exact ratio between the strains is unknown and changes on subculturing. Zie: Summary
Investigation of Shallow Structures as the Pathway of Oil Seep in the Alue Punoe Village, Bireuen District, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Measurement of magnetic data has been done in the area of oil seep s in the village of the Alue Punoe, with 121 measurement points as a grid within 500 m x 500 m area where each grid is approximately in 250 m2. The total magnetic field measurement has been examined by using Proton Precession Magnetometer (PPM). Upward continuation correction was applied to obtain residual magnetic field anomaly. Residual magnetic field anomaly data are mapped using the Surfer software, while subsurface models are made using the Mag2DC software. Based on the models that have been sliced from the local magnetic anomalies along the cross section of A-B and C-D from which then obtained a shallow structure which is a fault whose an approximate depth from 30 to 100 meters and three stratified media. The stratified media of the study area are interpreted as an alluvial deposit, alternating sandstone and clay and igneous rocks. Interpretation of subsurface models shows that there exists a shallow structure assumed as a fault. Expected fault has an adjacent to the manifestations which are about 50 to 70 m. It strengthens the case that the fault is strongly related to as the pathways of oil seep s from possibly existed petroleum system below subsurface of unknown strata
RÉPONSE D'UNE COMMUNAUTÉ DE NÉMATODES LIBRES MARINS À UNE CONTAMINATION PAR LE CUIVRE : ÉTUDE MICROCOSMIQUE

Une etude microcosmique a ete effectuee pour tester l'influence d'un element metallique (le cuivre) sur une communaute de nematodes libres provenant de la baie de Bizerte (Tunisie). Trois doses de cuivre (faible : 700 ppm, moyenne : 1414 ppm et forte : 2180 ppm) ont ete testees pour evaluer les effets de ce metal apres 30 jours d'exposition. Les resultats des analyses statistiques ont montre des differences significatives entre le microcosme temoin et les contamines. Ainsi, l'abondance (I), le nombre d'especes (S) et la richesse specifique (d) ont ete reduites significativement parallelement a l'enrichissement sedimentaire en cuivre alors que la diversite (H') n'a ete affectee que par la moyenne et la forte dose en cet element metallique. Les analyses statistiques relatives aux abondances des especes nematologiques ont mis en evidence une alteration de la composition specifique des associations de nematodes en reponse a la contamination par le cuivre. Ainsi, Microlaimus affinis et Monoposthia mirabilis semblent etre des especes tres sensibles au cuivre puisqu'elles ont ete eliminees a toutes les doses metalliques testees. Toutes les especes, signalees dominantes dans le microcosme temoin, ont montre une chute graduelle de leurs abondances parallelement a l'augmentation du niveau de contamination par le cuivre.
Phenology and causation of nest heating and thermoregulation in red wood ants of the Formica rufa group studied in cariferous forest habitats in southern Finland

The inner nest temperature in field colonies of ants of the F. rufa group was studied with thermograph recordings and spot sampling. The observations indicate that in colonies with a worker complement exceeding 1 million, nest-warming after winter could start as an autocatalytic process and hence may not require triggering by sunning be haviour. In the colony studied with the thermograph the intranest temperature remained at a stable level, near 30°C in late spring and summer, even when the outside temperature temporarily dropped below freezing point A slight "overshoot" or increase in inner nest temperature, was evident, however, when the outside temperature dropped below the threshold for ant activity in spring. It was found that nests later producing sexuals main tain a significantly higher inner temperature in spring than nests later producing only worker broods. The nest-warming effect of insolation is considered more important in small or weak colonies, whereas endogenous nest heating, based on the metabolism of the ants and their clustering behaviour, is more compatible with the observations in the case of vigorous colonies. The recordings suggest that a capacity for social thermoregula tion is a cause of thermal stability in red wood ant nests.
Extreme thermal heterogeneity in structurally complex tropical rain forests

Most terrestrial species on Earth are ectothermic and track temperature at small spatial scales, from sun flecks to cool shaded spots. Current assessments of thermal heterogeneity in complex environments are predominately characterized by ambient temperature. This omission of solar radiation may lead to inaccurate conclusions regarding thermoregulation and distribution of species. We use thermal cameras to gather data on temperature heterogeneity in structurally complex rain forest environments. Using thermographic photographs, we capture the multidimensionality of climate created by vegetation by collecting over 76,000 temperature samples within approximately 1 m2 quadrats. The method was tested against three standard methods that record air temperature to determine possible omissions in capturing thermal heterogeneity in four geographic locations—Colombia, Borneo, Madagascar, and Australia. Across all locations, there was greater thermal heterogeneity in surface temperature than captured from ambient temperature technologies. Spatial variability in surface temperature on 1 d was greater than temporal variability of ambient temperature across the entire month, with extreme deviation from ambient temperatures. Importantly, when compared to the lower bounds for optimal performance for five tropical Anolis species, this technology captured thermal regimes that support the thermoregulatory needs of these species, whereas ambient air temperature methods suggested that these species would be in thermal debt. Sampling surface temperature at high resolutions across space in combination with intensive sampling of ambient temperature and informed spatial modeling should improve our understanding of the distribution of ectothermic species living within thermally heterogeneous environments.
Isoform-Specific Expression During Embryo Development in Arabidopsis and Soybean

Almost every precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) in a eukaryotic organism undergoes splicing, in some cases resulting in the formation of more than one splice variant, a process called alternative splicing. RNA-Seq provides a major opportunity to capture the state of the transcriptome, which includes the detection of alternative spicing events. Alternative splicing is a highly regulated process occurring in a complex machinery called the spliceosome. In this dissertation, I focus on identification of different splice variants and splicing factors that are produced during Arabidopsis and soybean embryo development. I developed several data analysis pipelines for the detection and the functional characterization of active splice variants and splicing factors that arise during embryo development. The main goal of this dissertation was to identify transcriptional changes associated with specific stages of embryo development and infer possible associations between known regulatory genes and their targets. We identified several instances of exon skipping and intron retention as products of alternative splicing. The coding potential of the splice variants were evaluated using CodeWise. I developed CodeWise, a weighted support vector machine classifier to assess the coding potential of novel transcripts with respect to RNA secondary structure free energy, conserved domains, and sequence properties. We also examined the effect of alternative splicing on the domain composition of resulting protein isoforms. The majority of splice variants pairs encode proteins with identical domains or similar domains with truncation and in less than 10% of the cases alternative splicing results in gain or loss of a conserved domain. I constructed several possible regulatory networks that occur at specific stages of embryo development. In addition, in order to gain a better understanding of splicing regulation, we developed the concept of co-splicing networks, as a group of transcripts containing common RNA-binding motifs, which are co-expressed with a specific splicing factor. For this purpose, I developed a multi-stage analysis pipeline to integrate the co-expression networks with de novo RNA binding motif discovery at inferred splice sites, resulting in the identification of specific splicing factors and the corresponding cis-regulatory sequences that cause the production of splice variants. This approach resulted in the development of several novel hypotheses about the regulation of minor and major splicing in developing Arabidopsis embryos. In summary, this dissertation provides a comprehensive view of splicing regulation in Arabidopsis and soybean embryo development using computational analysis. Isoform-Specific Expression During Embryo Development in Arabidopsis and Soybean