Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System for measuring transmission bandwidth for media streaming and method for same

The present invention relates to a system for measuring a transmission bandwidth for media streaming and a method for same, the system for measuring a transmission bandwidth calculates a transmission bandwidth not by transmitting a measurement packet to the receiving side, but rather by using a transmission packet to be transmitted to a receiving side, and streams media data to the receiving side by using the transmission bandwidth, in a service for streaming media data such as motion pictures or the like, on a real-time basis, as well as to a method for same. The system for measuring a transmission bandwidth according to the present invention includes: a server for transmitting a pair of data packets to a receiving apparatus, receiving received time information on the reception of the data from the receiving apparatus, calculating a transmission bandwidth on the basis of the received time information, and streaming the media to the receiving apparatus by using the calculated transmission bandwidth; and a receiving apparatus for receiving the transmitted data, recording received time information for each of the transmitted data packets, transmitting the recorded received time information to the server by a predetermined cycle, and receiving streaming media from the server. According to the present invention, transmission bandwidth can be measured not by using a measurement packet, but rather by using data to be actually transmitted. Moreover, the loss of bandwidth caused by additional measurement packets can be prevented, and streaming media such as motion pictures or the like which is suited to a transmission bandwidth can be efficiently performed. Further, streaming of media suiting to a transmission bandwidth meets QoS (Quality of Service) requirements.
Does A Human Resource Effect of Job Satisfaction of Teachers? A Case Study of Education Institutions in Punjab, Pakistan

The aim of this paper is to find the impact of pay & promotion, work load a teacher’s job satisfaction. This study was used SPSS and SMART-PLS to analyze a data using quantitative research method. The research to which have distributed the question among teachers, graduates and a different professional. This study is significant for universities, colleges and schools, academic and non-academic staffs. Because this study have helpful for the administration in institute to better understand needs and demands of their teachers and what will be the factors which could make them satisfied. This study have conducted in Multan, Khanewal, Vehari, Bahawalpur G.D khan and it is targeting to cover approximately 7721 population with the sample of 350 as defined by Sekaran (2012) that for 7000 to 8000 required samples sized is 372. This research also examines the influence of compensation and promotion upon job satisfaction at educational institution level. The reveals that pay and promotion not significant impact on job satisfaction of teacher. (Yee 2018) investigate in his study that pay and promotion are insignificant. Work load can also be significant association with job satisfaction of teachers. Raza et al (2015) investigate that work load significant impact on job satisfaction. The influence of these factors calls for the further research. There is also need to carry out a similar but comparative study in rural setting.
The Dark Side Of Data Intensive Projects:: Function Creep and Stakeholder Creep

In this article, we investigate the unintended consequences of initiating a large data analytic (DA) initiative in healthcare. DA is promising in terms of aiding decision making both for healthcare decisions and administrative decisions. However, while the (re)use of large amounts of data has lots of potential, it also has a dark side in terms of privacy, ethics, and control. Through the analysis of a longitudinal case study (2003-2015) of the emergence, expansion, and collapse of a large-scale DA project in the Danish healthcare sector, we demonstrate how high expectations for DA caused a surge of stakeholders and features that ultimately resulted in the project’s demise. We call these surges stakeholder creep and function creep and theorize their emergence and consequences for DA in organizations.
Actual Practices of Environmental Performance in Malaysia’s Hotel Industry: Comparison among Malaysia, Mexico and Turkey Hotel Industry

Environmental performance generally led to various benefits for example cost savings, regulatory compliance, increase image and competitiveness. Along with the movement of environmental concerns, the hotel industry also continuously put an interest in environmental performance programs. The adoption of environmental performance programs in Malaysia's hotel industry is not widespread regardless of the success of several international hotel groups. Therefore, it is important to identify the environmental performance programs in the hotel industry by providing fresh insights and empirical evidence of the actual environmental performance programs that have been practicing in Malaysia. This study involved the participation of 206 respondents. The main finding is the environmental performance programs in Malaysia's hotel industry can be classified as four categories: energy saving, green sourcing, resource conservation, and water management and conservation. This result indicates that in Malaysia, the hotel industry performs four types of environmental performance programs and other countries such as Mexico and Turkey also carry out the same environmental performance activities as implemented in Malaysia.
Evidence for causal effects of lifetime smoking on risk for depression and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomisation study

Abstract Background Smoking prevalence is higher amongst individuals with schizophrenia and depression compared with the general population. Mendelian randomisation (MR) can examine whether this association is causal using genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Methods We conducted two-sample MR to explore the bi-directional effects of smoking on schizophrenia and depression. For smoking behaviour, we used (1) smoking initiation GWAS from the GSCAN consortium and (2) we conducted our own GWAS of lifetime smoking behaviour (which captures smoking duration, heaviness and cessation) in a sample of 462690 individuals from the UK Biobank. We validated this instrument using positive control outcomes (e.g. lung cancer). For schizophrenia and depression we used GWAS from the PGC consortium. Results There was strong evidence to suggest smoking is a risk factor for both schizophrenia (odds ratio (OR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67–3.08, p < 0.001) and depression (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.71–2.32, p < 0.001). Results were consistent across both lifetime smoking and smoking initiation. We found some evidence that genetic liability to depression increases smoking (β = 0.091, 95% CI 0.027–0.155, p = 0.005) but evidence was mixed for schizophrenia (β = 0.022, 95% CI 0.005–0.038, p = 0.009) with very weak evidence for an effect on smoking initiation. Conclusions These findings suggest that the association between smoking, schizophrenia and depression is due, at least in part, to a causal effect of smoking, providing further evidence for the detrimental consequences of smoking on mental health.
Advanced Rescue Operation for Incidents and Disasters

: In previous years, due to increase of traffic and roads hazardous there are a lot of accidents which causes a huge loss of lives because of various reasons. Main factors contributing to such major losses are that the accident or incident is not detected and no emergency facilities are provided to the victim at the right moment. Also, the emergency facilities are not coordinated between each other, In this paper we would suggest a system that would help saving lives by detecting the incident with the help of real-time images clicked by people or camera that would be installed on every location. The real time snapshots would undergo some deep learning algorithms to extract the services they require at the time of incident. Once the incident is verified the emergency facilities would be provided to them through our system that connects the services in no time loss. We would then calculate the shortest and the safest route to save the victim so that the victim should reach the hospital containing facilities to accommodate the incident in no time loss. Our system would be targeting the crucial problem society is facing and many emergency services are facing because of lack of coordination between them. This system would increase the life expectancy of the people by saving them with the casualties that happen and saving them with no loss of time.
The Misery Index, Corruption and Income Inequality in Latin American Countries: A Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis

The globalization process has led to considerable increases in the flow of goods, services and financial assets, and thus global production and wealth have risen substantially during the past 40 years. However, discussion has now centered around the rising income inequality and poverty in some parts of the world. In this regard, the Latin American region is one of the leading regions in terms of income inequality. This study investigates the interaction among misery index, corruption and income inequality in Latin American countries during the 2002-2014 period, employing the Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) LM bootstrap cointegration test and the Kónya (2006) bootstrap panel Granger causality test. The findings reveal that increases in both the misery index and corruption played a part in the increases in income inequality. Furthermore, the results of the causality test reveal unidirectional causality from the misery index to income inequality and bidirectional causality between corruption and income inequality.
The dynamics of working hours and wages under implicit contracts

In this paper, we explore the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of working hours and wages in a model economy where workers and firms have agreed upon an implicit contract that smooths long-run consumption. Specifically, we analyse a deterministic and a stochastic framework in which a firm inter-temporally sets its level of labour utilization by considering that workers' earnings tend to adjust in the direction of a fixed level that seeks to stabilize their consumption. Without any uncertainty in labour effectiveness, this theoretical setting may have one, two or no stationary solution. The dynamics of the deterministic economy, however, can be assessed only in the two-solution case and it reveals that wages move counter-cyclically towards the allocation preferred by the firm. Adding uncertainty in labour effectiveness does not overturn the counter-cyclical pattern of wages but is helpful in explaining the wage stickiness observed at the macro level.
Job satisfaction of teachers and their principals in relation to climate and student achievement.

Job satisfaction is important for employee well-being and retention, which are both crucial for high-strained occupations such as teachers and school principals. We investigated the structure and relationship of teachers’ job satisfaction (N = 142,280) and principals’ job satisfaction (N = 8,869). Results of structural equation modeling using multilevel bifactor models provide strong evidence for the validity of a model including both specific (satisfaction with the profession vs. the working environment) and general job satisfaction factors. This differential conception of job satisfaction was further tested by including the student variables disciplinary climate and student achievement from linked TALIS 2013–PISA 2012 data. Only teacher job satisfaction factors (general and working environment) were related to the disciplinary climate perceived by students, whereas the working environment job satisfaction factor was related to student achievement for both teachers and principals. Controlling for socioeconomic status reduced these estimates, but did not change the pattern of results. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Multinational Management Strategies of Expatriate and Local Managers

Due to increasing doubt regarding the ability of multinational companies to recruit the right manager for complex company tasks, this paper describes and analyses the general approaches and administration strategies exercised by expatriate and local managers in multinational companies. Descriptive research is performed by analysing questionnaires administered to 705 employees across 25 multinational corporations in three large cities in China, including Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Beijing. The results reveal that local managers are strongly correlated with lateness, while expatriate managers are correlated with time off. However, the results also show the pros and cons of recruiting expatriate and local managers in multinational companies. The research shows that expatriate and local managers’ management practices have outstanding value for multinational business success. The concept of differences in the management practices of expatriate and local managers in multinational corporations is an innovative notion. The paper highlights that both expatriate and local managers have a positive impact on multinational growth and success.
El hipocampo facilita la integración dentro de un campo simbólico

El presente artículo intenta explicar un mecanismo cerebral fundamental que participa en la creación y el mantenimiento de campos simbólicos de pensamiento. Se integran teorías sobre espacios psíquicos exploradas por Donald Winnicott y Wilfred Bion con exámenes neurocientíficos en personas con lesiones bilaterales del hipocampo a fin de demostrar cómo las evidencia de ambas disciplinas arrojan luces a este aspecto de la mente. Esta capacidad, probablemente originada como una manera de mantener un mapa psíquico orientado en primera persona, permite a los individuos un acceso narrativo dinámico a un dominio de elementos estratificados y sus conexiones. Si la hipótesis propuesta es correcta, el hipocampo facilita la integración de este campo simbólico de la mente, en el que se entretejen formas narrativas de pensamiento, creatividad, memoria y sueño. Sin el hipocampo, hay una incapacidad para involucrar muchas formas típicas del pensamiento mismo. Asimismo, la observación de las maneras en que estos indivíduos no están discapacitados, apoya las teorías acerca de otras facultades de la mente, aportando un mayor conocimiento sobre sus posibles roles dentro del pensamiento humano. La evidencia de que hay diferentes sistemas que trabajan en conjunto con el campo simbólico proporciona claves fascinantes acerca de estos mecanismos fundamentales del cerebro y de la mente que normalmente se integran a la perfección, y apuntan a futuras áreas de investigación clínica y de laboratorio, tanto en neurociencias como en psicoanálisis.
Treatment Dilemma of Simple Cyst in Menopausal Women

Objective: Can we offer conservative treatment for the menopausal women who are having simple cysts? Study design: It is a prospective cross sectional study carried out in ZHSikder medical college & hospital, Medinova and Popular hospital. The study period was from january 2011 to January 2016. Materials and methods: 500 menopausal women with simple cysts were enrolled after counseling and taking written consent. Inclusion criteria was cysts size should not be more than 5 cm, they should be unilocular, without having any solid component or any debris. Exclusion criteria was women with family history of cancer of ovary, breast, or colon or women with HRT therapy. Thorough history taking, clinical examination, and some investigation like CA125, TVS with Color Doppler was carried out for all the women. CT Scan.MRI, and PET Scan were reserved for selected cases. All the patients were followed up every 3 monthly for 3 to 5 years. Surgery was done if the patient developed any symptoms, or increment of sizes of cysts or there was any sonographic changes were evident. MRI1 (malignancy risk index ) was calculated for each patient. Data were analyzed by SPSS where all calculation rate of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 500 cysts, 285 (57%) cysts resolved spontaneously which is highly significant( p = < 0.05), 165 (33%) cysts needed surgery and only 50(10%) cysts remained without significant changes. Histopathology of surgical specimen revealed all were benign except 4 cysts, i.e., < 1% became malignant or malignant potential. Conclusion: Menopausal women with simple cysts not more than 5cm,which are unilocular, unilateral, without having any solid component and with normal Doppler study are rarely malignant. So if MRI1 is below 200 we may avoid unnecessary surgery and assure the menopausal women for the conservative treatment with regular follow up. How to cite this article: Nasreen SZA, Shahreen S, Huq S, Huq S. Treatment Dilemma of Simple Cyst in Menopausal Women. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2017;5(2):75-80. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None
Maritime Piracy, Military Capacity, and Institutions in the Gulf of Guinea

ABSTRACT West African security threats have become more frequent in recent years, most notably in the Gulf of Guinea. As increasing quantities of the world’s trade pass through the maritime domain, ship hijackings and other maritime criminal activities have garnered widespread attention from the international community. The International Maritime Bureau reports 785 piracy incidents have occurred in the region since 2000 and current models forecasting worldwide piracy trends have failed to accurately predict maritime crime in all of the West African states. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of piracy developments in the Gulf of Guinea. The authors argue that increased military capacity and anocratic regimes lead to increases in piracy while failed states are associated with a decline in such maritime crimes. Data from 2000 to 2016 is used to empirically test this claim. The analysis shows that a state’s military capacity has no impact on the prevalence of piracy events while institutional frameworks and regime type influence the degree and number of maritime attacks off the coast of West Africa. The results imply that institutionally strong and democratic regimes are less likely to experience piracy in the Gulf of Guinea than weak states or anocracies.
Home inequity: race, wealth, and housing in St. Louis since 1940

Abstract The persistence and severity of the gap between black and white wealth, and the role of housing discrimination in creating and sustaining this gap are both well documented. But given the chronological and spatial limits of national data sets, we have little direct empirical evidence about the local mechanisms shaping race, housing and wealth in the era when most of the damage was done. We employ the newly available 1940 full count census and the archival records of the St. Louis Assessors office to traced housing values, tenure, and disposition for a sample of 1940 owners and addresses. We show that sustained residential segregation carved the City into zones with very different trajectories of housing opportunity, and trapped African-American homeowners into long tenures of ownership in distressed and depreciating neighbourhoods.
Evaluating the Curriculum of Technical and Vocational University Based on Entrepreneurial Intention Promotion Indexes

Background: Technical and Vocational University, as the principal advocate of higher technical and vocational education, lists one of its missions as training high-skilled and entrepreneurial manpower. In addition, it has made a major effort by including an entrepreneurship course in its curriculum. Objectives: Therefore, the main concern in this research is to know how much the entrepreneurial intention development is emphasized in the curriculums of higher-education Technical and Vocational University. Methods: This research was a qualitative study and conducted by the descriptive-analytical method. The research data were collected and analyzed in two parts (documentary and interview with experts). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview whose validity was confirmed by content validity method, and the reliability was confirmed by data triangulation method. Research data were analyzed by interview content analysis method, and the documentary part by the documentary method. Results: The results showed that the objectives of the university’s curriculum were to incorporate the entrepreneurial intention indexes such as entrepreneurial attitude promotion, pragmatism, and spiritual intelligence. However, the contents of the courses were formulated based on job specialties, and the intention indexes were not observed through them. In terms of teaching methodology, teacher-based methods such as speech and explanation were mostly used in practical courses and did not align with intention indexes such as theoretical courses and workshop. The applied methods of evaluation were mainly written, explanatory and in the form of practical exams (workshop courses) which did not match the entrepreneurial intention development approach. Conclusions: The elements in the curriculums of Technical and Vocational University do not bear any adequate proportion to its stated objectives in terms of entrepreneurial intention development.
Self-Actualization — A Critical Comparison between Antonia and Other Minor Characters

This thesis concerns on the theme of growth and self-actualization in My Antonia in terms of Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, studying characters’ satisfactions of different levels of needs and evaluating their developments. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory indicates that individual’s behavior is motivated by the five layers of needs, and the gratifications of needs parallel with and influence one’s growth and development. To some extent, the theory of human needs can serve as the generalization and summarization of human’s course of initiation and selfactualization. By comparing the heroin’s course initiation with that of other minor characters, the thesis draws a distinctive vision of truly self-realized person as Antonia. Keywords—Antonia; Growth; Self-actualization; Maslow; Need