Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation with Piglets of Bovine Milk, Hydrolyzed Bovine Milk, and Isolated Soybean Proteins Included in Infant Milk Formulas. I. Effect on Organ Development, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Amino Acid Digestibility

A study, using the piglet as a model for the human infant, was undertaken to determine the effect of the protein source of a milk formula on organ development, the activity of digestive enzymes, and the absorption of amino acids as measured at the terminal ileum and over the entire digestive tract. Three isocaloric liquid milk formulas containing equal amounts of either intact bovine milk, hydrolyzed bovine milk, or isolated soybean protein as the sole source of this nutrient and with equal levels of fat and carbohydrate were each given to six 14-day-old piglets over a 19-day period in a manner that mimicked human infant feeding practice. Following a 6-day metabolism study, the piglets were killed, their organs removed, and samples of digesta collected. The protein source of the milk-based formula did not affect (p > 0.05) the weight/unit body weight of the small intestine, large intestine, liver, or pancreas, but the relative weight of the kidneys was lower (p<0.05) for animals fed the intact bovine milk-based formula and that of the stomach was higher (p<0.01) for piglets receiving the isolated soybean formula. The activities of pepsin, intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin and pancreatic chymotrypsin were not influenced (p > 0.05) by protein source, but piglets receiving the bovine milk-based formula had a lower level of activity (p<0.01) for pancreatic trypsin. The apparent ileal and fecal absorption of nitrogen was similar for the three milk-based formulas, the overall mean ileal absorption of nitrogen (±SE) being 89.0% (±1.44). Excluding cystine, where ileal absorption was relatively lower (p<0.05) with the isolated soybean formula (86.7%) compared with the intact bovine milk (91.5%), protein source had little effect on the apparent absorption of essential amino acids. It was concluded that the replacement of intact cow's milk protein in human infant formulas by either hydrolyzed cow's milk or isolated soybean protein is unlikely to cause any major disturbance in the digestive process.
Energy efficient mobile user tracking system with node activation mechanism using wireless sensor networks

User localization in wireless sensor networks have been given a great attention in recent times and also considered to be one of the promising applications. Many approaches for the same have been proposed based on range based and range free mechanisms for localizing the user. Similarly, tracking the user in a sensor field has also been given equal importance in association with localization. Techniques employing both these methods are mostly based on static anchor nodes or scheduling system which compromises on the lifetime of wireless sensor network. Considering the constraint of network lifetime this paper proposes localizing and tracking method with an activation scheme for tracking the mobile node efficiently while increasing the network lifetime. The system has been tested on two scenarios suggesting that the proposed method can provide the flexibility to the system which could be adjusted with reference to the user requirements. The first scenario suggests that all the nodes are activated only when the mobile user enters but as the user is localized all the nodes will get deactivated except the concerned nodes. The second scenario suggests that a predefined deployment strategy is provided with only 10% of activated nodes. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves a better trade-off in terms of accuracy and computational complexity for single mobile node tracking.
A Biomechanical Study of the Long Bones in Platyrrhines

The long bones of 72 individuals of extant platyrrhines, belonging to 17 species (11 genera) were studied by regressions of length, diameters and curvature. Cross-sectional shapes at midshaft and axial and bending strength indicators were also calculated. Results show that forelimb bones scale faster than hindlimb bones, for both length and diameters. Curvature scales faster in the femur than in other bones. Strength indicators showed a high variability in the relative importance of axial and bending loadings. Results are consistent with field observations of locomotor behaviour, mainly as regards quadrupedalism versus suspensory locomotion.
Optimal active recovery intensity in standardbreds after submaximal work.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY A retrospective study concerning spontaneous active recovery intensity, i.e. at a freely chosen speed, after a submaximal exercise in trotters showed that the mean intensity demanded by trainers corresponds to 40-50% of maximal heart rate (max HR; unpublished data). However, in human athletes, optimal active recovery intensity was found to be about 60-70% of max HR. Is the spontaneous recovery optimal after a submaximal exercise in trotters? OBJECTIVES To compare different recovery intensities and define the most efficient one. METHODS Thirty-seven trotters performed a standardised exercise test on the track. Horses were randomly divided into 4 groups of recovery: passive recovery (n = 10), 10 min walk recovery (n = 10, 100 m/min), 10 min slow trot recovery (n = 9, 250 m/min) and 10 min fast trot recovery (n = 8, 420 m/min). Before, during and 1 h after exercise, speed, heart rate, blood lactate concentration were measured as well as respiratory frequency and rectal temperature. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured 1, 3 and 5 h after exercise. RESULTS Walk, slow trot and fast trot recovery corresponded respectively to 45-50%, 55-60% and 65-70% of max HR. Heart rate and blood lactate concentration were significantly lower after the 10 sec recovery with increasing intensity of recovery. CONCLUSION The most efficient intensity of recovery was the 10 min fast trot recovery (65-70% max HR) as this type of recovery allows the optimal blood lactate disappearance. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Considering the usual habits of trainers or drivers, recovery intensity after trot races should be increased in intensity to optimise its efficiency.
Characterization of the Hantaan Nucleocapsid Protein-Ribonucleic Acid Interaction*

The nucleocapsid (N) protein functions in hantavirus replication through its interactions with the viral genomic and antigenomic RNAs. To address the biological functions of the N protein, it was critical to first define this binding interaction. The dissociation constant, K d , for the interaction of the Hantaan virus (HTNV) N protein and its genomic S segment (vRNA) was measured under several solution conditions. Overall, increasing the NaCl and Mg2+ in these binding reactions had little impact on the K d . However, the HTNV N protein showed an enhanced specificity for HTNV vRNA as compared with the S segment open reading frame RNA or a nonviral RNA with increasing ionic strength and the presence of Mg2+. In contrast, the assembly of Sin Nombre virus N protein-HTNV vRNA complexes was inhibited by the presence of Mg2+ or an increase in the ionic strength. TheKd values for HTNV and Sin Nombre virus N proteins were nearly identical for the S segment open reading frame RNA, showing weak affinity over several binding reaction conditions. Our data suggest a model in which specific recognition of the HTNV vRNA by the HTNV N protein resides in the noncoding regions of the HTNV vRNA.
Responses of Glossina austeni to sticky panels and odours

The responses of male tsetse Glossina austeni Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae) towards blue and white sticky legged panels, baited with odour attractants, and towards modified panels were studied in the Jozani forest of Unguja Island, Zanzibar. Increasing the height of the body of a standard panel from 30 to 60 or 90 cm, increased the catch two‐fold. Increasing the height of the legs (from 15 to 60 or 120 cm) or raising the device more than 5 cm above the ground reduced the catch significantly. The legs of the panels were the preferred landing sites of the flies, irrespective of the height of the body of the panel. Acetone (300 mg/h) combined with cow urine (60–130 mg/h) significantly increased the catches two‐ to threefold during the rainy season, but not during the dry season. Acetone had no effect during the dry season and its effect during the rainy season was less consistent. There was no effect of octenol (2.5–12.5 mg/h), used alone or in combination with acetone. Likewise, the catch did not increase through the addition of cow sebum, pig urine (60–860 mg/h), pig urine combined with acetone and octenol. The observed seasonal differences in the response of G. austeni towards odours are discussed in relation to host location strategies.
Firm Strategies in Expanding and Diversifying Exports

This paper provides novel empirical evidence on the patterns and dynamics of exports by Irish firms over the past two decades from a highly detailed data set of export records at the firm‐product‐destination level. We identify patterns of export concentration and specialisation and how these evolved over time. Firms’ strategies for export growth along product and destination markets mixes are then examined and the contributions of intensive (average sales) and extensive (number of products or markets) margins to overall exports and to export growth are calculated. We find that most exporting firms are quite small, selling a few products to a small number of destinations while export values are dominated by a relatively small group of highly globalised large firms selling many products to many destinations. Continuing exporters frequently introduce new products, drop products and enter and exit markets. Export growth in the case of Irish‐owned exporters appears largely driven by the extensive margin of product and destination changes. However, the opposite pattern holds for foreign‐owned firms with growth mainly coming from the intensive margin.
Three‐phase general border detection method for dermoscopy images using non‐uniform illumination correction

Computer‐aided diagnosis of dermoscopy images has shown great promise in developing a quantitative, objective way of classifying skin lesions. An important step in the classification process is lesion segmentation. Many studies have been successful in segmenting melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs), but few have focused on non‐melanocytic skin lesions (NoMSLs), as the wide variety of lesions makes accurate segmentation difficult.
An Exploration of the Effects of Photograph Content, Photograph Source, and Price on Consumers’ Online Travel Booking Intentions

This research employed two experimental studies to examine the relationship of photograph content with consumers’ online travel booking intentions, the role of photograph source in this relationship, and the impact of photograph content on consumer reaction to price. Study 1’s findings suggest that perceived information value mediates the effect of photograph content on consumers’ booking intentions, with product-focused photographs perceived as being higher in information value than experience-focused photographs. Further, perceived photograph credibility was found to influence consumer reaction to photograph content, with photograph source moderating the photograph content-perceived photograph credibility relationship. Study 2’s findings suggest that photograph content moderates the price–booking intentions relationship. When the price is higher than the average in the market, consumers are likely to rely more heavily on product-focused photographs than on experience-focused photographs to inform the booking decision. Together, the findings of these studies can guide travel marketers in developing cost-effective, photograph-based online content.
EphB1 Suppression in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Regulating the DNA Damage Control System

Loss of ephrin receptor (EphB1) expression may associate with aggressive cancer phenotypes; however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. To gain detailed insight into EphB1 function in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), comprehensive analysis of EphB1 transcriptional regulation was conducted. In AML cells, EphB1 transcript was inversely correlated with EphB1 promoter methylation. The presence of EphB1 allowed EfnB1 ligand–mediated p53 DNA binding, leading to restoration of the DNA damage response (DDR) cascade by the activation of ATR, Chk1, p53, p21, p38, CDK1tyr15, and Bax, and downregulation of HSP27 and Bcl2. Comparatively, reintroduction of EphB1 expression in EphB1-methylated AML cells enhanced the same cascade of ATR, Chk1, p21, and CDK1tyr15, which consequently enforced programmed cell death. Interestingly, in pediatric AML samples, EphB1 peptide phosphorylation and mRNA expression were actively suppressed as compared with normal bone marrow, and a significant percentage of the primary AML specimens had EphB1 promoter hypermethylation. Finally, EphB1 repression associated with a poor overall survival in pediatric AML. Combined, the contribution of EphB1 to the DDR system reveals a tumor-suppressor function for EphB1 in pediatric AML. Implications: The tumor-suppressor function of EphB1 is clinically relevant across many malignancies, suggesting that EphB1 is an important regulator of common cancer cell transforming pathways. Mol Cancer Res; 13(6); 982–92. ©2015 AACR.
Determinants of Innovation Cooperation Performance: What Do We Know and What Should We Know?

The involvement of firms in innovation cooperation with different partners has become a widespread phenomenon in the contemporary business landscape. Our paper provides a review of extant alliance, innovation, open innovation and inter-firm collaboration literature and organizes it based on a conceptual framework featuring three levels of analysis: (a) the dyadic level, (b) the network level, and (c) the location level. The article identifies roadmaps in each of these areas and also highlights existing gaps in the present understanding of innovation cooperation. Thereby, it outlines a research agenda by identifying key research questions and issues in the areas where further research is needed and encouraged.
Is the Structural Holes a Form of Social Capital? A Theoretical Debate

Social capital plays a significant role in utilizing the flow of information. Generally, social capital can be generated by establishing a close relationship between many people in order to create mutual trust. However the structural holes theory instead sees otherwise, high social capital can only be obtained through a sparse relationship. Based on that theoretical perspective, this paper aims to describe and elaborate these two opposing views. Therefore, the author conducted a literature review of nine previous studies. This paper concludes that the structural holes theory is also a form of social capital. Furthermore, this theory is interdependent and complementary to the theory of network closure. The intermediary must combine weak ties with strong ties simultaneously to gain maximum benefits of information and control. He/she should reach out various kinds of relationships between others different groups to generate diverse information (nonredundant) that used to create a good idea. At the same time, the intermediary also needs to maintain and/or enhance the strength of trust or closure in the existing ties in order to distribute the idea because it potentially can increase the adoption of the idea. That collaboration can be used to improve the performance of public services by applying them to internal communication audits and autonomous external surveillance mechanisms. Keywordssocial capital; structural holes; closure network; strength of weak ties; public services
Deciphering the molecular rules governing synaptic targeting of the memory-related protein Arc

Neurons express new gene transcripts and proteins upon receiving synaptic inputs, and these events are essential for achieving proper neuronal wiring, adequate synaptic plasticity, and updatable memory. However, the biological impact of new gene expression on input-specific synaptic potentiation remains largely elusive, in part because the cell biological and biochemical mechanisms for synaptic targeting of newly synthesized proteins has remained obscure. A new study investigating the targeting of the memory related protein Arc from the soma to the synapses teases apart a novel “inverse” synaptic tagging mechanism that enables Arc to specifically target the un-potentiated synapses, thereby helping to maintain the contrast of synaptic weight between strengthened and weak synapses.
Producer firms, technology diffusion and spillovers to local suppliers: Examining the effects of Foreign Direct Investment and the technology gap

In this paper, we conduct a detailed examination of the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the technology gap on local technology dissemination and spillovers. Using unique firm level data from surveys among FDI firms and domestic producer firms and a random sample of their suppliers in the North East of Mexico, we present new evidence showing that the effects of FDI and the technology gap are multi-faceted. FDI firms are significantly more involved in technology transfers. Their suppliers are more likely to experience positive spillovers, even when we control for the support that they receive. A large technology gap has a negative effect on technology diffusion. However, suppliers of FDI firms are more likely to receive several types of technology transfer when the technology gap with their client firms is large. As for local spillovers, we find that a large technology gap fosters positive spillovers, especially among suppliers of FDI firms and among those suppliers that are best suited to absorb new technologies.
Multimodal interface design for multimodal meeting content retrieval

This thesis will investigate which modalities, and in which combinations, are best suited for use in a multimodal interface that allows users to retrieve the content of recorded and processed multimodal meetings. The dual role of multimodality in the system (present in both the interface and the stored data) poses additional challenges. We will extend and adapt established approaches to HCI and multimodality [2, 3] to this new domain, maintaining a strongly user-driven approach to design.
Evaluation of a mobile phone-based diet game for weight control

We developed an interactive mobile-phone based application, SmartDiet, that analyzes daily nutrition intake and patterns of daily exercise. It provides a personalized diet profile and promotes knowledge about nutrition using a diet game. We evaluated the effectiveness of the SmartDiet application in terms of acquiring dietary information, weight control and user satisfaction. A case-control study was conducted over a six-week period, with 19 people in the intervention group and 17 people in the control group. During the study, a total of 235 successful data transmissions were performed from the mobile phones and there was a mean of 12.4 transmissions per participant. The three body composition measures (fat mass, weight and body mass index) decreased significantly after the intervention in the intervention group, but there were no significant changes in the control group. In a questionnaire survey at the end of the study, the majority of the participants responded that the system was useful for obtaining information and managing the diet process. The SmartDiet mobile weight management application appears to contribute to weight loss in obese adults.
Can land value uplift deliver affordable housing? Experiences from England

The theoretical case for land value capture is well-known, but the effectiveness of affordable housing delivery as a capture mechanism is not so well-documented. Building on the earlier theoretical and empirical work of Whitehead (1991, 2007) and Crook and Whitehead (2002), the purpose of this paper is to consider the provision of affordable housing from a land value capture viewpoint, focusing on the process by which the amount of affordable housing is determined between landowners/developers on the one hand and local planning authorities on the other. ,The paper adopts a mixed-mode approach for the data collection. Two surveys of local planning authorities were undertaken, together with a series of case study interviews. ,The paper evaluates whether land value capture has been an effective mechanism for delivering affordable housing by focusing on three principal areas: first, the political agenda in relation to land value capture and the supply of affordable housing; second, the nature and motivation of the stakeholders involved in affordable housing decision-making; and third, the use of economic models as decision tools for determining the amount and type of affordable housing are negotiated. ,The research provides some insight into the effectiveness of local authority affordable housing targets as a means of capturing the uplift in land value that results from the grant of planning permission.
Redefining VET in schools : advancing the middle classes?

The narrowing of social gaps in educational outcomes has been a general theme of recent education policy. This paper will focus on a case study to draw on a deeper understanding of how reforms to Vocational Education and Training (VET) in schools in New South Wales (NSW) are impacting on class issues, and how families from different, or mixed, social-class groupings articulate with schooling.
The Determinants of Women’s Empowerment in Turkey: A Multilevel Analysis

ABSTRACT This article analyses the state and determinants of women’s empowerment in Turkey, based on an extensive and representative survey with more than 100,000 participants. It creates an original index of women’s self-perceived empowerment, which incorporates empowerment measures on health, education, income, social life, and personal care and conducts multilevel analysis that integrates effects of individual-level factors with contextual, locality-specific forces. Multilevel analysis confirms the nested nature of women’s empowerment in Turkey, which depends on both individual attributes and on the locality in which a woman resides. The Turkish case analysed in this article offers insights for the state of women’s empowerment in societies replete with patriarchal norms and neoliberal policies.
Water‐soluble Moringa oleifera lectin interferes with growth, survival and cell permeability of corrosive and pathogenic bacteria

This work evaluated the antibacterial activity of a water‐soluble Moringa oleifera seed lectin (WSMoL) by evaluating its effect on growth, survival and cell permeability of Bacillus sp. , Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumillus, Bacillus megaterium, Micrococcus sp. , Pseudomonas sp. , Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Serratia marcescens. In addition, the effect of lectin on membrane integrity of most sensitive species was also evaluated. All the tested bacteria are able to cause biocorrosion and some are also responsible for human infections.