Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SYMBOLS FOR CPFSK MODULATION

Capacity analysis of CPFSK is used between error probability and signal to noise ratio. Previous research has considered the spectral efficiency of several modulation schemes. This present work imposed to improve the channel capacity of the CPFSK modulation scheme in fiber optic communication, for this purpose an attempt is made by implementing the MatLab coding for CPFSK Modulation Scheme. This numerical simulation gives the Higher Symbols transfer rate in the CPFSK Modulation. The performance is useful to improve Spectral efficiency of optical channels.
An Enhanced Security for TCP/IP Protocol Suite

— Network and internet applications are growing rapidly in the recent past. These applications are used by thousands of users and controlled by different administrative entities. It is mainly used as an efficient means for communication, entertainment and education. With the rapid growth of internet, there is a need for protecting confidential data. The Internet was however originally designed for research and educational purpose, not for commercial applications. So internet was not designed with security in mind. As the internet grows the existing security framework was not adequate for modern day applications. The main reason was due to the lack of security services in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite. The lack of authentication mechanism of TCP/IP Protocol Suite is mainly due to the poor protection mechanism of packets and broadcast nature of the lower layer protocols. Moreover there is no protection for the application layer of the network model. This paper presents the proposed security architecture for the TCP/IP Protocol Suite.
Providing Security to Health Data and Images Using Cloud-Based Watermarking and Visual Cryptography

- The health information of individual which is provided to the medical foundations, they store the record of individual through the web. Record is kept as an electronic health record which is received by cloud computing. For the security purpose cloud computing is utilized, from which all the health record are spared in cloud. In this paper, technique is proposed by utilizing the idea of watermarking with the construction modeling of cloud computing. Strategy is outline with the end goal of mitigating the risk of insider revelations. Our configuration represents to all the necessity of the cloud oriented design system. We have additionally utilized the idea of visual cryptography. By using basic concept of cryptography we provide security to images
Boostable Repeater Design with Dual Adaptive Supply Voltage for VLSI Interconnects

— In general interconnects in vlsi circuit causes many variations and delay in the circuit. Process variations and circuit aging continue to be one of the main challenges to the power-efficiency of VLSI interconnect circuits. Not only Power efficiency, circuit delay and area also causes major effect in the vlsi interconnect circuits. To overcome these effects repeaters are used in the vlsi circuit to provide a better performance. Boostable Repeater design can transiently and autonomously raise its internal voltage rail with its boost switching speed. It achieves fine-grained voltage adaptation without stand-alone voltage regulators or an additional power grid and has plenty of chances to improve system robustness. The boosting can be turned on/off to compensate variations. There are mainly two approaches for variation compensation: Adaptive body bias(ABB) and supply voltage adaptation . An adaptive design provides a power-efficient approach to variation tolerance. The proposed technique is the Boostable Repeater design with Dual ASV(Adaptive supply voltage). The dual ASV can simultaneously provide adaptive supply voltage at both coarse-grained and fine-grained level, and has limited power routing overhead. The existing technique provides only fine-grained voltage adaptation where as the proposed technique provides both fine-grained and coarse-grained voltage adaptation
HIGH-CONVERSION-RATIO BIDIRECTIONAL DC–DC CONVERTER WITH COUPLED INDUCTOR

Abstract—In this paper, a high-conversion-ratio bidirectional dc–dc converter with coupled inductor is proposed. In the boost mode, two capacitors are parallel charged and series discharged by the coupled inductor. Thus, high step-up voltage gain can be achieved with an appropriate duty ratio. The voltage stress on the main switch is reduced by a passive clamp circuit. Therefore, the low resistance RDS (ON) of the main switch can be adopted to reduce conduction loss. In the buck mode, two capacitors are series charged and parallel discharged by the coupled inductor. The bidirectional converter can have high step-down gain. Aside from that, all of the switches achieve zero voltage-switching turn-on, and the switching loss can be improved. Due to two active clamp circuits, the energy of the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor is recycled. The efficiency can be further improved. The operating principle and the steady-state analyses of the voltage gain are discussed.
Sybil Attack Prevention in WSN Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography and Genetic Algorithm

: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an evolving technology that is employed in numerous applications in real time fields including health, mass public, disaster detection and environmental monitoring. WSN contains a large number of sensor nodes to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as sound, temperature and motion. Typically in WSN, sensor nodes are attached to one or more base stations. As Wireless sensor networks continues to grow, they become vulnerable to attacks and hence they need for effective security mechanisms, The Sybil attack is one of the dangerous attacks against sensor and ad-hoc networks, where a node illegitimately claims multiple identities. Identification of suitable cryptography for wireless sensor networks is an important challenge due to limitation of energy, computation capability and storage resources of the sensor nodes. Symmetric based cryptographic schemes do not scale well when the number of sensor nodes increases. Hence public key based schemes are widely used. To keep away from various vulnerable attacks, we propose a novel encryption schema based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and homomorphic encryption to secure data transmission in WSN , The proposed encryption schema takes less memory, reduces the computation time, provides great security and flawlessly suitable for low power devices like mobile nodes. The aim of this work is to provide security to the wireless sensor network using elliptical curves cryptography along with genetic algorithm.
An Secure Technique for Image Watermarking Scheme

—in this paper, a robust watermarking scheme using optimization watermarking technique is proposed. In the presented scheme, the watermark image is embedded in the SCS transform domain. The experimental results indicate that superiority of the proposed method against common attacks such as JPEG compression, Gaussian noise addition, median filtering, salt and pepper noise, etc., compared with the existing watermarking schemes using multi-scale transformations
CASOR: Context-Aware Social Robot for Home Environment

____________________________________ Abstract - Parallel research in artificial intelligence and robotics has created a new outlook towards the capabilities of machines. The era of robotics research started from simple mechanical industrial machines to complex intelligent robots that can learn from experience and mimic humans in everyday tasks. Social robots are one such example of artificial intelligent robots. Robots are becoming an integral component of our society and have great potential in being utilized in a variety of ways to serve humans. The existing systems are way too complex to study, recreate, less flexible and cost ineffective. A low cost social robotic platform is presented in this paper. The robot is context aware in home environment and is comprised of various sensors that can monitor temperature, humidity and light intensity in home conditions. It also consists of passive infrared sensor to detect nearby presence of user. The robot can control the switching of home devices with the help of voice commands. The robotic system can be monitored remotely using Internet. It uses open source hardware and software technologies in order to be economical.
Bowel/Bladder Sensation and Control in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Treated with Human Embryonic Stem Cell therapy

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in long-lasting Locomotor and sensory neuron degeneration. SCI patients suffer from autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Neurogenic bowel and bladder problems are the additional complicating medical problems associated with SCI. The present study evaluated the bowel/bladder sensation and control in patients with SCI after human embryonic stem cell (hESC) therapy. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis (May 2005-Aug 2012) of 226 SCI patients (mean age-28 years) treated with hESC therapy. Therapy schedule included four treatment phases (T1, T2, T3, T4) lasting 4-6 weeks separated with gap phases (4-8 months). hESCs in an injectable form (cultured and maintained in-house in a xeno product free patented technology) were administered at a dose of 0.25 ml (< 4 million cells) intramuscularly twice daily, 1 ml hESCs (< 16 million cells) every 10 days through intravenous route and 1-5 ml hESCs every 57 days by any of the supplemental routes. The patients with bowel and bladder problems were graded based on their symptoms. Results: Overall, 200 (81.5% patients had no bowel sensation of fullness or evacuation) and 204 (77.5% had no bladder sensation of filling or voiding) subjects had bowel and bladder sensation problems, respectively; while, 203 (81.5% had no bowel control), and 209 (92.3% had no bladder control) subjects had bowel and bladder control problems, respectively. At the end of therapy, 7 (3.5%) patients reached bowel sensation normalcy, 7 (3.4%) patients reached bladder sensation normalcy, 135 (67.5%) had mild, partial or full sensation of bowel fullness and 155 (76%) patients had mild, partial and full sensation of bladder filling. Similarly, 4 (2%) reached bowel control normalcy, 4 (1.9%) reached bladder control normalcy, 95 (46.8%) had bowel control and 113 (54%) had bladder control. The number of subjects with ASIA grade A was reduced after the therapy. Conclusion: An improvement in bowel/bladder control and sensation was observed in SCI patients after hESC therapy.
Nagy scale vs score for topographic Orbscan diagnosis of Kc

Purpose: Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Nagy scale for KC diagnosis by Orbscan11z topography data and compare it with score topographic diagnosis. Methods: Prospective study of 240 eyes of 145 Patients 95 bilateral and 50 unilateral of KC and Kc suspect were included in this study in the last 2 years. Orbscan 11 Z C. Topography was done to measure the C. thickness, C. power and posterior elevation. I-S value, 3 and 5 mm surface irregularity difference between central thickness and thinnest point and distance of thinnest point from center of the cornea. Results: Overall sensitivity 78% and specificity were 96% of Nagy scale and it was 67% sensitivity and 90% specificity in score. Nagy scale was more accurate for detection of early and subclinical KC with asymmetrical bow-tie with skewed axis, high astigmatism) [e.g. KC suspect] than score especially in cases of high K reading and abnormal 5 mm surface irregularity that was not detected by score and that was not detected by score and its sensitivity and specificity reach up to 88% and 98 % in early and subclinical KC. There was 15% false negative Kc by score and about 12% false positive Kc and 20% no result by score and detected by Nagy scale. Conclusion: Nagy scale is more accurate, more sensitive and specific for evaluating subclinical, clinical and advanced Kc than score Orbscan topographic diagnosis and is reliable, very accurate tool especially for evaluating sub clinical and KC suspect cases.
Influence of Catchment Characteristics on Gully Erosion: A Case Study of River Odo, South- Eastern Nigeria

Osadebe, C.C, Akpokodje. ,E.G. and Obiora, F.I. Abstract: Gully erosion is responsible for significant soil loss from catchment area. Vast areas in Odo catchment are dissected by gullies, thus contributing to downstream sedimentation resulting in siltation of River Odo within the area. A study was undertaken to study the influence of the catchment characteristics on gully erosion in River Odo catchment. Three sub-catchment areas (Agulu, Nanka and Oko) were sampled and studied. The lemniscates ratio (ratio of square of maximum length and four times the area of the catchment) was lowest (1.60) for Agulu sub-catchment followed by Oko sub-catchment (2.08) and Nanka sub-catchment (2.37). The form factor, ratio of the average width and maximum length of the catchment was highest in Agulu sub-catchment (0.32), followed by Oko sub-catchment (0.27) and Nanka sub-catchment (0.18). The lower value of lemniscates ratio indicates a more compact shape of the catchment and hence more soil erosion. A large value of form factor is associated with more erosion hazard because of more compactness of the catchment. The average slope of the sub-catchment varied from 5.380 to 8.110. The average slope of the Agulu sub-catchments is also the highest of the three sub-catchments. Catchment shape and slope are the characteristics which determine the pattern and severity of gully erosion in the area. The gully density (length of gullies per unit area) varied from 0.94 to 1.34 km km-2 whereas gully texture (number of first order gullies per unit area) varied from 54 to 98 km-2 in the three sub-catchments.
Assessment of Functional and Nonfunctional Distracter in an Item Analysis

Introduction: Item analysis examines the student responses to individual test items (MCQs) to assess the quality of those items and test as a whole. Study was aimed to evaluate the MCQs or items for assessment of functional (FD) and non-functional distracters (NFDs) and their relation with Difficulty index (DIF I) and Item discrimination index (DI). Material and methods: This Study was done in Kalinga Institute of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar. Total 25 MCQs and 75 distracters of an internal examination of MBBS students were analyzed. Results: Out of 75 distracters, 40 (53.4%) NFDs were present in 22 items. 12%, 32%, 40%, and 16% of items had DE of 100%, 66.6%, 33.3% and 0% respectively. Out of 6 ideal items, 5(83.3%) items had of DE 66.6% that means each item contained only one NFD. Conclusion: The distracter analysis provides a measure of how well each of the incorrect response contributes to the quality of a multiple choice item. Therefore, any ideal item should assess for good DIF and DI and also the presence of functional distracters.
A Review of Video Classification Techniques

- Video classification literature has been reviewed and techniques for the same are provided here in this paper. Classification process in general requires features based on which one can distinguish among the categories. These features are mainly taken from text, audio or visual content of the video. Based on that mainly three classification techniques are there as discussed here. Based on the application user has to select the method and features. Pros and cons of each method are mentioned in this paper with suitable applications.
Speaker Dependent Emotion Recognition from Speech

— The speech signal is the fastest and the most natural method of communication between humans. Hence speech can use for fast and efficient way of interaction between human and machine. Speech is attractive and effective medium due to its several features expressing attitude and emotions through speech is possible. In human machine interaction automatic speech emotion recognition is so far challenging but important task which paid close attention in current research area. In this paper we have analysed emotion recognition performance on eight different speakers. IITKGP-SEHSC emotional speech database used for emotions recognition. The emotions used in this study are anger, fear, happy, neutral, sarcastic, and surprise. The classifications were carried out using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) features are used for identifying the emotions. It can be observed that, the percentage of accuracy is 75.00% for 32 centered GMM, 72.00% for 16 centered GMM and 66.67% for 8 centered GMM.
Applications of Coumarins as Cardiovascular

Coumarins (1), are naturally occurring fragrant compounds belonging to the benzopyrone family and have been used in perfumes since 1882 [1]. Coumarins have also attracted the interest of biochemists and medicinal chemists for a long time due to their diverse biological activities [2]. Over and above the discoveries made by isolation of Coumarins from the hundreds of species of plants and other organisms, synthetic analogues have availed numerous and varied Coumarins. These natural as well as synthetic derivatives of Coumarins have drawn much attention due to their diverse pharmacological activities [3]. Various moieties when combined with Coumarins can produce same or different effects with different potencies.
Analysis of clinical, histological and biochemical findings in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Background: Spectrum of alcoholic liver disease ranges from steatosis to steatohepatitis (alcoholic steatohepatitis) to cirrhosis. The present study was conducted to study the similarities and differences in biochemical and histologic features between NASH and ASH. Materials & Methods: It included 40 patients of ASH and 40 patients of NASH. The morphologic criteria for including cases in ASH and NASH were degree of steatosis, ballooning, portal and lobular inflammation with or without fibrosis. Clinical, biochemical and histological features were compared in both groups. Results: Bilirubin level in AST patients was 5.46 mg% and in NASH group was 2.37 mg%. The difference was significant (P<0.05). AST level in ASH group was 90.4 IU/ml and 72.2 IU/ml in NASH group. ALT was significantly higher in NASH group as compared to ASH group (104.6 IU/ml vs 76.8 IU/ml). SAP level was also significantly higher in NASH group as compared to ASH group (202.7 IU/ml vs 116 IU/ml). Comparison of steatosis, ballooning, portal inflammation, lobar inflammation and fibrosis revealed significant (P<0.05) difference in both groups. Conclusion: Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two forms of liver diseases. AST, ALT, SAP and bilirubin level helps in diagnosis the cases. Histologic features such as steatosis, balooning, lobar inflammation, portal inflammation and fibrosis are other differentiating features in both diseases.
DNA Sequencing Basics and its Applications

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) sequencing is to determine the order of four chemical building blocks called “bases” that makes up DNA molecule. DNA sequence is a genetic information that is carried out in specific DNA segment. This DNA sequence information can be used to determine which stretches of DNA that contain genes and which transmit supervisory instructions, turning genes on or off and most importantly, sequence data can highlight variations in a gene that may cause disease.
Fully automated electronic mock examination in an introductory computer science course

A mock examination is an exam that does not count for credit. It is taken before an official examination and gives students the opportunity to practice for the later, important exam. The mock examination provides students with information on their actual learning progress and gives them in this way the opportunity to fill knowledge gaps. An electronic mock examination is the online variant usually taken unsupervised in the students' own time. In this work we present the setup of an electronic mock exam in the course "Basics of Computer Science". We discuss question types other than multiple-choice that allow for fully automated marking. Furthermore, we present an in-depth analysis of the results of the mock exam. These results demonstrate that students consider the electronic mock exam as valuable help for exam preparation. Half of the students take the mock exam even more than once and use different strategies to make the most out of it. On the other hand, lecturers get invaluable feedback from the results of the mock exam. This feedback covers all learning objectives of the entire course, comes at the right time, and is ideally suited for planning the contents of a recapitulation lecture.
Role of Serology and Histopathology in Diagnostic of Human Cystic Echinococcosis

: Hydatid disease is an important emerging neglected disease worldwide, with significant geographic variation in seroprevalance. The disease is commonly diagnosed on basis of clinical suspicion, imaging and serology. This study was conducted to evaluate our experience with serology in diagnosing hydatid disease in terms of identifying the numbers of patients testing positive for antibodies against Echinococcus, and to study their clinical profile. This study included all patients who tested for anti-Echinococcus IgG antibodies by ELISA in the years 2011-2013. The clinical characteristics of seropositive patients were contrasted with seronegative patients, and the test results were correlated with radiological findings and, where performed, with histopathological studies. Analysis was performed on SPSS. Out of 31 patients evaluated by serology for Echinococcosis during the study period, 7 (22.58%) were seropositive. Liver was the most frequent site involved (24 patients; 77.77%). Second organ the lung 5(16.13%) bone 1(3.23%) and the optic 1(3.22%). Of the 29 patients who also underwent biopsy, all the seven patients with positive biopsy were seropositive, suggesting 100% sensitivity. The specificity was 83.33%, but this might be a lower estimate due to potentially high rate of false-negative biopsies, as all the seropositive patients also had imaging features suggestive of disease. The positive and negative predictive values were 77.77% and 90.90%, respectively. correlation with imaging diagnosis and subsequent disease. cross study on biological haptic ovoid invaginated scolices and intact calcareous corpuscles the presences of vibrating absence of staining. The cysts grouped according to diameter cysts from small cysts to very large size Descriptive collection of prevalence of analytical for comparison of groups, and multivariate analysis for examination of the association between cyst fertility and clinical variables. to carried out by SPSS Out 31 evaluated by Echinococcosis during the study 7 were seropositive. Liver most frequent involved (24 Conclusion: Evaluation ELISA test in sensitivity and specificity, prevalence rates of the fertility of hydatid cysts and viability of protoscoleces and diversit y sites location observed in human. And also the conformed diagnosis by histopathology.