Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infants' social looking toward mothers and strangers

This study investigated infant social looking in a social referencing procedure with mothers and strangers. Sixty-one infants and their mothers participated when the infants were 18 and 24 months old. The frequency and latency of looking toward each adult when the baby encountered remotecontrolled ambiguous toys were measured. Mothers and strangers (female experimenters) expressed positive or negative emotional responses whenever children looked toward them. Results indicated that older infants looked more often and faster, especially toward strangers. Both age groups tended to look to the strangers more frequently than to mothers. The pattern of looking toward caregivers over time differed from looking toward strangers in both age groups. These results indicate that nonattachment figures may be preferred targets of referencing in certain situations. It is also implied that older infants' looks to adults might differ from those of their younger counterparts in a number of ways.
Endurance Performance and Nocturnal HRV Indices

The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic modulation during night sleep were investigated. Twenty-four sedentary subjects trained over four weeks two hours per week at an average running intensity of 76+/-4% of their heart rate reserve. The R to R ECG-intervals were recorded and heart rate variability indices including high frequency power (HFP) were calculated for the nights following the training days every week. The subjects were divided into responders and non-responders according to the improvements in the maximal velocity of the incremental treadmill test (v(max)). The responders improved their v(max) by 10.9+/-46 % (p < 0.001) while no changes were observed in the non-responders (1.6+/-3.0%), although there were no differences in any training load variables between the groups. In the responders nocturnal HFP was significantly higher during the fourth training week compared to the first training week (p=0.036). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the change in v(max) and the change in nocturnal HFP (r=0.482, p=0.042). It was concluded that after similar training, an increase in cardiac vagal modulation was related to improved v(max) in the sedentary subjects.
Evaluation of China's Oil Security Based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) Theory

The principle and methods of Support Vector Machine (SVM) are introduced in this dissertation, evaluation indicators system and early warning systems for oil security are established. On this basis, SVM algorithm and oil security evaluation system are combined to evaluate for oil security. The predicted result showing that it has higher accuracy, Therefore, the safety evaluation index system in the dissertation can be used as the basis of assessment quantitative criteria for China's oil security situation.
Biometric personal authentication by one step foot pressure distribution change by fuzzy artificial immune system

This paper proposes a biometric personal authentication method based on one step foot pressure distribution change. We acquire the foot pressure distribution change by mat type load distribution sensor and use it as a personal authentication. We employ twelve features based on shape of footprint, and twenty seven features based on movement of weight while walking. A classifier for each feature is developed on the basis of fuzzy inference. The classifier is trained by a clonal selection algorithm in artificial immune system. A personal authentication system for one step is made every classifier for all features. We employed 10 volunteers, and we took the step data five times. We evaluated our method by five-fold cross validation method. We obtained low false rejection and acceptance rates in identification and verification.
Telomere length measurement and determination of immunosenescence‐related markers (CD28, CD45RO, CD45RA, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐4) in skin‐homing T cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen: indication of a non‐ageing T‐cell subset

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunosenescence of skin‐homing T cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 72 healthy individuals (33 male and 39 female; median age 54 years; age‐range: 18–94 years) were investigated. The expression of CD28, CD45RA and CD45RO, as well as intracellular interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) formation of CLA+ ‘skin homing’ T cells, was analysed. In addition, T cells were detected immunohistologically in skin specimens from 15 young and 15 old, healthy individuals. The relative telomere length (RTL) was measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization using flow cytometry (flow FISH). The total number of CLA+ T cells was found to remain constant with increasing age. In contrast to peripheral blood T cells (CD3+ CLA−), which showed significantly decreased CD28 and CD45RA expression in donors > 60 years of age, no age‐related alterations of either CD28+ CLA+ T cells or CD45RA+ CLA+ T cells were observed. In the group of donors > 60 years of age, the proportion of intracellular IFN‐γ‐producing CD3+ CLA− cells showed a significant increase, whereas the number of IFN‐γ‐ and IL‐4‐producing CLA+ T cells was not affected by age. After stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), CLA+ T cells from old donors did not show a reduced response compared with CLA+ T cells from young donors. Additionally, the counts of T cells in healthy skin from young and old adults were statistically not different. Furthermore, the RTL was significantly shortened in enriched CD45RO+ CLA− T cells from healthy old individuals, but not in aged CLA+ T cells. The present data suggest that CLA+ T cells might be a T‐cell subpopulation which does not undergo immunosenescence. This may explain why the intensity of inflammatory skin reactions (e.g. psoriasis or eczema) seems to be independent of the patients' age.
Pathophysiologyof Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abbreviations CRPC Castration resistant prostate cancer PSA Prostate specific antigen ADT Androgen deprivation therapy DHT Dihydrotestosterone AR Androgen receptor DHEA Dehydroepiandrosterone AD Androstenedione HSP Heat shock protein IAP Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog BTG1 B-Cell translocation gene 1 BCL2 B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 IGF-1 Insulin like growth factor 1 KGF Keratinocyte growth factor EGF1 Epidermal growth factor 1 TIF2 Transcriptional intermediary factor 2 RTK Receptor tyrosine kinase MAPK Mitogen activated protein kinase STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription AF-1, 2 Activating function NTD N-terminal domain
Immunoregulatory functions of neoplastic lymphoid cells and their humoral products

The immunologic functions of neoplastic lymphoid cells from 57 cases of lymphocytic leukemia or malignant lymphoma were examined in vitro where cells from 16 cases demonstrated regulatory functions in immunoglobulin production: 4 with helper activity, 8 with suppressor activity, 1 with prosuppressor activity, and 3 with helper‐inducer activity. The neoplastic lymphoid cells with such functions did not necessarily form E‐rosettes, but because of the presence of human T‐cell antigens, most of them appeared to be of the T‐cell lineage. These regulatory functions were proven to be mediated by the humoral factor, at least in some of the cases tested. Neoplastic lymphoid cells from all 6 cases with Fc receptors showed antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, but lacked natural killer activity. These studies should provide further insight into the origin of the neoplastic cells.
The balance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for -reducing residual risks in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Residual risk, which cannot be prevented by statins alone, must be controlled for inhibiting the onset of coronary events. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in controlling residual risk. The Japan eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Lipid Intervention Study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of high-purity EPA preparations on the residual risk of cardiovascular events. Omega-3 PUFAs inhibit coronary artery disease (CAD) through various actions, including triglyceride-lowering action. Besides lipid metabolism, platelet aggregation inhibition, anti-inflammatory effects, improved vascular endothelium function, and anti-hypertensive action contribute to arteriosclerosis inhibition. Conversely, several recent studies did not demonstrate the efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs for CAD prevention. PUFAs levels may need to exceed a threshold for anti-arteriosclerotic action. The efficacy of EPA might depend on the baseline value of the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio prior to EPA administration. This baseline EPA/AA ratio value varies according to country and region as well as changes of dietary habits. More global research in this field is needed to identify an optimal omega-3 PUFAs administration strategy.
Simplified Echo-State-Network Based Services Awareness for High-Speed Passive Optical Network

With the challenge from services diversity grows greatly, the service-oriented supporting ability is required to current high-speed passive optical network (PON). Aimed to enhance the quality of service (QoS) brought by diversified-services, this paper proposes an Simplified Echo State Network (SESN) Based Services Awareness scheme in High-Speed PON (Passive Optical Network). In this proposed scheme, the ring topology is adopted in the reservoir of SESN to reduce the complexity of original Echo State Network, and system dynamics equation is introduced to keep the accuracy of SESN. According to the network architecture of 10G-EPON, a SESN Master is running in the OLT and a number of SESN Agents work in ONUs. The SESN Master plays the main function of service-awareness from the total view of various kinds services in 10G-EPON system, by fully SESN training. Then, the reservoir information of well-trained SESN in OLT will be broadcasted to all ONUs and those SESN Agents working in ONUs are allowed to conducts independent service-awareness function. Thus, resources allocation and transport policy are both determined just only in ONUs. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is able to better supporting ability for multiple services.
Complications And Controversies Of Regional Anaesthesia: A Review

Summary Complications of regional anaesthesia has been recognised from very long time. Fortunately serious complication are rare. Safe, effective practice of neuraxial anaesthesia requires a detailed knowledge of potential complications, their incidence and risk factors associated with their occurrence. The incidence of complication were higher for spinal than for epidural anaesthesia. These complications being rare, so existing studies are mainly retrospective, providing information about incidence and their associations but not necessarily demonstrate causality. There are many areas of controversies regarding the usage of regional anaesthesia i.e. in outpatient surgical procedures, epidural test dose, its safety in infected / febrile / immuno compromised patients, / in patients with neurological disorder and in patients receiving anti-coagulants. Recommendations proposed may be acceptable based on the judgment of the responsible anaesthesiologist. The consensus statements are designed to encourage safe and quality patient care but cannot guarantee a specific outcome.
Molecular basis for the pathological actions of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin

Clostridium perfringens type E iota toxin is composed of two separate and independent polypeptide chains that act synergistically in mouse lethal assays. The light chain is an enzyme that mono(ADP-ribosyl)ates certain amino acids. The enzyme displays substantial activity when homopoly-L-arginine is used as a substrate, but it shows little activity when polyasparagine, polylysine or polyglutamic acid are used. In keeping with the properties of an ADP-ribosylating enzyme, the toxin possesses the following characteristics. It produces incorporation of radioactivity into polyarginine when adenine-labeled NAD is used, but radioactivity is not incorporated when nicotinamide-labeled NAD is used. Irrespective of labeling, enzymatic activity is accompanied by the release of free nicotinamide. After incorporation of ADP-ribose groups into polyarginine, enzymatic and chemical techniques can be used to release the incorporated material. Snake venom phosphodiesterase releases mainly AMP; hydroxylamine releases AMP and ADP-ribose. The heavy chain of iota toxin has little or no enzyme activity, and it does not substantially affect the enzyme activity of the light chain. The heavy chain may be a binding component that directs the toxin to vulnerable cells. The data suggest that iota toxin is a representative of a novel class of ADP-ribosylating toxins.
TmDOTP5– as a 23Na shift reagent for the subcutaneously implanted 9L gliosarcoma in rats

The use of TmDOTP5– as an in vivo 23Na NMR shift reagent (SR) for subcutaneously implanted 9L gliosarcoma was evaluated. TmDOTP5– produced a single sharp extracellular peak after about 50–60 min of infusion, and did not cause any changes in the 31P resonance areas or chemical shifts, suggesting that the SR is homogeneously distributed in the extracellular space and does not alter tumor bioenergetic status. TmDOTP5– and CoEDTA– as extracellular space markers gave identical results for relative extracellular space (0.25 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.04, respectively) and intracellular Na+ concentration (19.3 ± 4.0 mM and 18.6 ± 3.9 mM, respectively), indicating that the biodistribution of the SR is the same as the well‐accepted extracellular space marker. The in vivo T1 and T2 relaxation times of intra‐ and extracellular Na+ were also measured. Our results indicate that TmDOTP5– promises to be an effective shift reagent and extracellular space marker in the 9L gliosarcoma and perhaps other tumors. Magn Reson Med 45:436–442, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A developmental model for alcohol use disorders in Swedish men

Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a classic multifactorial syndrome and it is critical to understand the diversity of the relevant risk factors and how they inter-relate over development. Method We examined 21 risk factors for AUD in four developmental tiers reflecting (i) birth, (ii) childhood and early adolescence, (iii) late adolescence, and (iv) early adulthood in 47 414 Swedish men of whom 3907 (8.2%) were registered for AUD at or after age 25 with a mean length of follow-up of 33.9 (6.6) years. Structural equational model fitting was performed using Mplus. Results The best-fitting model provided a good fit to the data and explained 23.4% of the variance in AUD. The five strongest predictors were: externalizing behaviors, criminal behavior, father's alcohol consumption, genetic risk, and low educational attainment. Two developmentally early familial/genetic risk factors had substantial direct paths to AUD: father's alcohol consumption and genetic liability. Other broad developmental pathways to risk for AUD were evident: externalizing, psychosocial and internalizing. Overall, the externalizing pathway to AUD was the strongest. However, these pathways were substantially interwoven over time such that risk factors from one domain were commonly predicted by and/or predicted risk factors from the other broad domains of risk. Conclusion AUD in men is an etiologically complex syndrome influenced by familial-genetic, psychosocial, internalizing, and especially externalizing risk factors that act and interact over development and have complicated mediational pathways.
Research funding-a complex business.

real, apparent and potential conflicts of interest when determining a manuscript’s worthiness for publication, mainly in relation to tobacco industry-funded research in the late 1990s, e.g. [14]. Almost a decade on, however, evidence for the duplicitous intentions and strategies of dangerous consumption industries (SAPROs in particular) which engage scientists in research activities has come to light more clearly. There is convincing evidence for the negative impact of those strategies on the integrity of shared scientific knowledge, and for this the scientific community will not escape being held responsible by the public. As the timely warning goes out to scientists, universities and governments about the perils of engaging in funding relationships with the alcohol industry, it seems a natural extension for addiction journals to lead an evidence-based re-appraisal of the merits of publishing the products of such relationships.
Neural activity in cortical area MST of alert monkey during ocular following responses.

1. We studied response properties of neurons in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of behaving monkeys that discharged during brief, sudden movements of a large-field visual stimulus, eliciting ocular following. Most neurons responded to movements of a large-field visual stimulus with directional selectivity, preferring high stimulus speeds. Neurons were mostly recorded in the medial superior temporal area (MST) (187/250) and the middle temporal area (MT) (57/250). Further response properties were studied in the MST neurons. 2. Response latencies were measured when a large-field random dot pattern was moved in the preferred direction and preferred speed for each neuron. Eighty percent (120/150) of the neurons were activated < 50 ms after the onset of the stimulus motion. In most cases (89%, 134/150), increased firing rates started before the eye movements, with 59% (88/150) starting > 10 ms before the eye movements. 3. The relationship between the latency of neuronal responses and that of eye movements was studied in 59 neurons by changing the stimulus speed systematically (10-160 degrees/s). The latencies of both neuronal and ocular responses decreased as stimulus speed increased. As a result, the time difference between the response latencies for neuronal and ocular responses varied little with changes in stimulus speed. 4. Blurring of the random dot pattern, by interposing a sheet of ground glass, increased the latency of both neuronal responses and eye movements. 5. With the use of a check pattern instead of random dots, both neuronal and ocular responses began to decrease rapidly when the temporal frequency of the visual stimulus exceeded 20 Hz. At 40 Hz the neurons showed a distinctive burst-and-pause firing pattern, and the eye movements showed signs of oscillation. 6. The response properties of the MST neurons during ocular following were similar to those of the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) neurons, reported previously. Our results indicate that the MST neurons may provide visual information to the DLPN neurons and may play a role in eliciting ocular following. 7. Responses during smooth-pursuit eye movement were studied in 55 MST neurons. Each of these neurons responded to the moving large-field visual stimulus, which elicited ocular following, and 40 of these neurons were activated during smooth pursuit in the dark. Response latencies during smooth pursuit were long in those neurons having different directional preferences during smooth pursuit and ocular following but were short for those having the same directional preferences during smooth pursuit and ocular following. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A High-Resolution Sensor Network for Monitoring Glacier Dynamics

This paper provides an overview of a wide area wireless sensor network that was deployed on the calving front of the Helheim Glacier in Greenland during the summer of 2013. The purpose of the network was to measure the flow rate of the glacier using accurate satellite positioning data. The challenge in this extreme environment was to collect data in real time at the calving edge of the glacier. This was achieved using a solar powered 2.4-GHz Zigbee wireless sensor network operated in a novel hybrid cellular/mesh access architecture consisting of ice nodes communicating with base stations placed on the rock adjacent to the glacier. This highly challenging transmission environment created substantial signal outage conditions, which were successfully mitigated by a radio network diversity scheme. The network development and measurement campaign were highly successful yielding significant results on glacial dynamics associated with climate change.
Barriers to access reproductive health care for pregnant adolescent girls: a qualitative study in Tanzania

In Tanzania, approximately 25% of adolescents give birth and 50% more become sexually active during adolescence. We hypothesised that reproductive health education and services for adolescent girls are inaccessible and conducted this study to gain insights into their perceptions of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and barriers to reproductive health service utilisation in rural Mwanza, Tanzania.
The Impact of Open Source Software on the Strategic Choices of Firms Developing Proprietary Software

Open source software (OSS) is now posing significant competition to proprietary or closed source software (CSS) in several software markets. In this paper, we characterize the response of a firm developing CSS (where the CSS is a revenue earner) to the presence of an OSS in its market. In particular, we look at the firm's choice of resource investments to improve quality and the firm's pricing decisions. We are primarily motivated by the following questions: Would a firm producing CSS produce higher-quality software when it faces competition from an OSS than when there is no OSS in its market? Would there be a change in the firm's response if the CSS faced competition from another CSS in addition to competition from the OSS? We show that the firm produces lower-quality CSS when it faces competition from an OSS than when it does not. Also, the quality of the CSS decreases as the quality of the OSS increases. This result holds true even if we consider network effects. When we consider competition from another CSS, in addition to competition from the OSS, then the quality of the CSS could increase or decrease as the quality of the OSS increases. The change in quality depends on how closely substitutable the two CSS are. We also extend our base model to consider (1) competition for resources, (2) uncertainty in resources available to the OSS, and (3) uncertainty about the software development process.