Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypertension Criterion for Stroke Prevention—to Strengthen the Principle of Individualization in Guidelines

The diagnosis of hypertension, as recommended by most guidelines, is determined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. A threshold‐based definition of hypertension, however, ignores sex and age, pathophysiology, and disparities in patient‐specific conditions. Moreover, the harmful effects of hypertension‐induced target organ damage cannot be ignored. Although the principle of individualization for hypertension management is recommended, especially for stroke prevention, how to practice it in a clinical setting has not been clearly elaborated. Therefore, we put forward a proposal for individualized hypertension management incorporating target organ damage, the main harmful effect of hypertension. We propose that hypertension should be diagnosed when an individual's blood pressure exceeds some difference from their own baseline in young adulthood, accompanied by any hypertension‐induced target organ damage, confirmed by various detection methods. Application of this proposal to stroke prevention will hopefully strengthen the principle of individualized hypertension management.
Effects of Treatment on Arterial Stiffness and Central Blood Pressure––Points to Consider

Interventional studies have reported beneficial effects of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), on cardiovascular organ damage and events. These beneficial effects have been observed in hypertensive patients as well as in patients with other cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure and post–myocardial infarction and those at high cardiovascular risk as included in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE), EUROPA, and Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) studies. Based on these results, guidelines are recommending RAS inhibitors for cardiovascular protection beyond and independently from their effects on blood pressure (BP). Therefore, it is of importance to assess the effects of RAS inhibition on intermediate cardiovascular endpoints in populations other than those with hypertension. This has been realized in the study by Raff and colleagues published in this issue of The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. Studies have shown that ambulatory and central BPs are superior to brachial office BP measurements in terms of cardiovascular organ damage prediction and prognosis. Elsewhere, assessment of arterial function and structure using the pulse wave velocity measurement is recommended by international guidelines. The study by Raff and colleagues used these techniques to assess the effects of the ARB olmesartan on BP and arterial stiffness. In addition to the results and discussion reported in their article, some points need to be clarified. In fact, interpretation of the treatment effects on arterial stiffness and central BP must consider the following.
Wnt11 promotes BMP9‐induced osteogenic differentiation through BMPs/Smads and p38 MAPK in mesenchymal stem cells

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), as one of the most potent osteogenic factors, is a promising cytokine for bone tissue engineering. Wnt11 can regulate the development of the skeletal system and is related to high bone mass syndrome. However, the effect of Wnt11 on BMP9‐induced osteogenic differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Wnt11‐ and BMP9‐induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We recapitulated the osteogenic potential of BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells. The messenger RNA expression of Wnt11 is detectable in the available progenitor cells, and BMP9 can obviously increase the protein level of Wnt11 in these cells. Exogenous Wnt11 potentiates the effect of BMP9 on increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, the expression of osteopontin (OPN), and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), so does matrix mineralization in C3H10T1/2 cells. Although Wnt11 cannot increase the BMP9‐induced ectopic bone formation, it can increase the bone density induced by BMP9 apparently. Wnt11 increases the level of p‐Smad1/5/8, as well as p‐p38. Meanwhile, Wnt11 promotes the effect of BMP9 on increasing the levels of p‐Smad1/5/8 and p‐p38. Inhibition of p38 decreases the BMP9‐induced ALP activities, the expression of OPN, and the mineralization in C3H10T1/2 cells. However, all of these effects of the p38 inhibitor on BMP9‐induced osteogenic markers can be almost reversed by the overexpression of Wnt11. Our findings suggested that Wnt11 can enhance the osteogenic potential of BMP9 in MSCs, and this effect may be partly mediated through enhancing BMPs/Smads and the p38 MAPK signal, which was induced by BMP9.
Will Team‐Based Care Really Be Implemented?

Team-based care is an effective strategy to improve BP in primary care.1, 2 The most recent meta-analysis evaluated 39 randomized controlled trials in 14,224 patients and found pharmacist interventions reduced systolic BP 7.6 mm Hg (95% CI:−9.0 to −6.3 mm Hg) compared to usual care.3 The authors concluded that pharmacist interventions were highly effective but that additional studies are still needed to determine the most efficient methods of implementation.3 Nearly all previous studies were efficacy studies conducted under optimal conditions. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has committed extensive funding to evaluate if interventions known to be effective in efficacy studies conducted under optimal conditions will be implemented in usual care scenarios.
Sex and War: How Biology Explains Warfare and Terrorism and Offers a Path to a Safer World

Policy 2008; 13: 158–166. 49 Pasquali R, Antenucci D, Casimirri F, Venturoli S, Paradisi R, Fabbri R, et al. Clinical and hormonal characteristics of obese amenorrheic hyperandrogenic women before and after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 173–179. 50 Holte J, Bergh T, Berne C, Wide L, Lithell H. Restored insulin sensitivity but persistently increased early insulin secretion after weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2586–2593. 51 Galletly C, Clark A, Tomlinson L, Blaney F. Improved pregnancy rates for obese, infertile women following a group treatment program. An open pilot study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1996; 18: 192–195. 52 Brown I, Thompson J, Tod A, Jones G. Primary care support for tackling obesity: a qualitative study of the perceptions of obese patients. Br J Gen Pract 2006; 56: 666–672. 53 Nelson P, Adamson A, Moore H. Conducting randomised controlled trials in primary care: lessons from an obesity management trial. Br J Gen Pract 2006; 56: 674–679. 54 Lord JM, Norman R. Obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility treatment: lifestyle modification is paramount. BMJ 2006; 332: 609. 55 Balen AH, Rutherford AJ. Managing anovulatory infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome. BMJ 2007; 335: 663–666. 56 Kousta E, White DM, Franks S. Modern use of clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation. Hum Reprod Update 1997; 3: 359–365. 57 Merhi ZO, Merhi ZO. Weight loss by bariatric surgery and subsequent fertility. Fertil Steril 2007; 87: 430–432. 58 Ramsay JE, Greer I, Sattar N. ABC of obesity. Obesity and reproduction. BMJ 2006; 333: 1159–1162. 59 Wadden TA. Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction. Results of clinical research trials. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 688–693. 60 National Health Service. ‘Change for Life’ website. http://www.nhs. uk/Change4Life [Accessed 8 April 2009].
Parameterization of OPLS–AA force field for the conformational analysis of macrocyclic polyketides

The parameters for the OPLS–AA potential energy function have been extended to include some functional groups that are present in macrocyclic polyketides. Existing OPLS–AA torsional parameters for alkanes, alcohols, ethers, hemiacetals, esters, and ketoamides were improved based on MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and MP2/aug‐cc‐pVDZ calculations. Nonbonded parameters for the sp3 carbon and oxygen atoms were refined using Monte Carlo simulations of bulk liquids. The resulting force field predicts conformer energies and torsional barriers of alkanes, alcohols, ethers, and hemiacetals with an overall RMS deviation of 0.40 kcal/mol as compared to reference data. Densities of 19 bulk liquids are predicted with an average error of 1.1%, and heats of vaporization are reproduced within 2.4% of experimental values. The force field was used to perform conformational analysis of smaller analogs of the macrocyclic polyketide drug FK506. Structures that adopted low‐energy conformations similar to that of bound FK506 were identified. The results show that a linker of four ketide units constitutes the shortest effector domain that allows binding of the ketide drugs to FKBP proteins. It is proposed that the exact chemical makeup of the effector domain has little influence on the conformational preference of tetraketides. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 977–996, 2002
The Physical Factors Affecting on FVC, ERV, and MVV of Korean Adults in Their 20s

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to research the physical factors affecting vital capacity (FVC, ERV, MVV) of adults in their 20s. [Methods] Ninety-seven healthy adults without neurological and muscular disorders participated in this study. The physical factors were defined by gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, and postures. A Spiropalm (A-M systems, Sequim, WA, USA) was used to measure respiratory function (FVC, ERV, and MVV). Multiple regressions were used to research the physical factors affecting vital capacity (FVC, ERV, and MVV). [Results] The important physical factors found to be significantly associated with FVC, ERV, and MVV were gender and weight (R2 =0.756), smoking history (R2 =0.179), and gender (R2 =0.427), respectively. [Conclusion] This study indicated that gender and weight are important physical factors for vital capacity in Korean adults in their 20s.
Hyperuricemia and the Prognosis of Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of hyperuricemia in patients with established hypertension by systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched through January 2015. Seventeen cohort studies were included and their methodological quality was moderate to high, with Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale scores ranging from 6 to 9. Random‐effects model meta‐analyses showed that in terms of adjusted categorical data, hyperuricemia significantly correlated with cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–2.03), all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.02–1.23), and diabetes (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.02–3.30) but not with stroke (HR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.57–1.27); while, in terms of adjusted continuous data, the corresponding pooled HRs were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07–1.27), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.98–1.13), 1.28 (95% CI, 1.18–1.38), and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98–1.16), respectively. The findings of our meta‐analysis suggest that hyperuricemia could slightly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in patients with hypertension.
Changes in Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Low Birth-Weight Infants Receiving Intravenous Fat Emulsion

The responses of blood glucose and lactate, plasma free fatty acids, amino acids and urea level to Intralipid supplementation in two groups of infants parenterally fed with 5 and 10% glucose were investigated. In both groups of infants blood glucose obtained by the end of the 6-hour Intralipid infusion period and over the following 2 h exceeded the values prior to fat supplementation. The response in the free fatty acid level was less pronounced and recovered more rapidly in infants receiving 10% glucose than in those given a 5% solution. Urea level tended to increase in the 10% glucose group, possibly as a consequence of an increased urea production. Total plasma amino acids and 17 individual amino acids measured were found to be lowered in response to Intralipid. The observed changes in blood nutrients and metabolites were interpreted as the metabolic consequences of an accelerated gluconeogenesis induced by intravenous fat emulsion.
Combined ab initio/empirical approach for optimization of Lennard‐Jones parameters for polar‐neutral compounds

The study of small functionalized organic molecules in aqueous solution is a useful step toward gaining a basic understanding of the behavior of biomolecular systems in their native aqueous environment. Interest in studying amines and fluorine‐substituted compounds has risen from their intrinsic physicochemical properties and their prevalence in biological and pharmaceutical compounds. In the present study, a previously developed approach which optimizes Lennard‐Jones (LJ) parameters via the use of rare gas atoms combined with the reproduction of experimental condensed phase properties was extended to polar–neutral compounds. Compounds studied included four amines (ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine) and three fluoroethanes (1‐fluoroethane, 1,1‐difluoroethane, and 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane). The resulting force field yielded heats of vaporization and molecular volumes in excellent agreement with the experiment, with average differences less than 1%. The current amine CHARMM parameters successfully reproduced experimental aqueous solvation data where methylamine is more hydrophilic than ammonia, with hydrophobicity increasing with additional methylation on the nitrogen. For both the amines and fluoroethanes the parabolic relationship of the extent of methylation or fluorination, respectively, to the heats of vaporization were reproduced by the new parameters. The present results are also discussed with respect to the impact of parameterization approach to molecular details obtained from computer simulations and to the unique biological properties of fluorine in pharmaceutical compounds. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 199–213, 2002
Association of metabolic syndrome with carotid thickening and plaque in the general population: A meta‐analysis

We performed a meta‐analysis of population studies reporting data on carotid intima‐media thickness and plaque in patients with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS) to provide a new piece of information on the relationship of MetS with both phenotypes of vascular damage. The Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched without time restriction up to December 31, 2016. Overall, 19 696 patients (22.2% with MetS) were included in eight studies. Common carotid intima‐media thickness was greater in patients with MetS compared with those without it (788 ± 47 μm vs 727 ± 44 μm), with a standard means difference of 0.28 ± 0.06 (P = .00003). Increased intima‐media thickness in patients with MetS was paralleled by a higher prevalence of plaques. The present meta‐analysis shows that MetS is associated with both ultrasonographic phenotypes of carotid damage. This finding is consistent with the view of MetS as a cluster of hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic factors promoting vascular hypertrophy and plaque.
Attaining exponential convergence for the flux error with second‐ and fourth‐order accurate finite‐difference equations. Part 3. Application to electrochemical systems comprising second‐order chemical reactions

This article demonstrates that exponential convergence of the flux error can be attained with second‐ and fourth‐order accurate finite difference equations even for such electrochemical kinetic‐diffusion systems where difficult‐to‐resolve solution structures occur on account of fast second‐order chemical reactions. Thus, as far as the flux is concerned, the simulation of some example models treated in the literature by means of more sophisticated adaptive grid techniques turns out to be as straightforward as the simulation of a simple system under diffusion control. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1193–1204, 2005
Framework‐based design of a new all‐purpose molecular simulation application: The Adun simulator

Here we present Adun, a new molecular simulator that represents a paradigm shift in the way scientific programs are developed. The traditional algorithm centric methods of scientific programming can lead to major maintainability and productivity problems when developing large complex programs. These problems have long been recognized by computer scientists; however, the ideas and techniques developed to deal with them have not achieved widespread adoption in the scientific community. Adun is the result of the application of these ideas, including pervasive polymorphism, evolutionary frameworks, and refactoring, to the molecular simulation domain. The simulator itself is underpinned by the Adun Framework, which separates the structure of the program from any underlying algorithms, thus giving a completely reusable design. The aims are twofold. The first is to provide a platform for rapid development and implementation of different simulation types and algorithms. The second is to decrease the learning barrier for new developers by providing a rigorous and well‐defined structure. We present some examples on the use of Adun by performing simple free‐energy simulations for the adiabatic charging of a single ion, using both free‐energy perturbation and the Bennett's method. We also illustrate the power of the design by detailing the ease with which ASEP/MD, an elaborated mean field QM/MM method originally written in FORTRAN 90, was implemented into Adun. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1647–1659, 2005
Relationship among LRP1 expression, Pyk2 phosphorylation and MMP‐9 activation in left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction

Left ventricular (LV) remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) is a crucial determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation is strongly associated with LV remodelling after MI. Elucidation of plasma membrane receptors related to the activation of specific MMPs is fundamental for treating adverse cardiac remodelling after MI. The aim of current investigation was to explore the potential association between the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) and MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 spatiotemporal expression after MI. Real‐time PCR and Western blot analyses showed that LRP1 mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, were significantly increased in peri‐infarct and infarct zones at 10 and 21 days after MI. Confocal microscopy demonstrated high colocalization between LRP1 and the fibroblast marker vimentin, indicating that LRP1 is mostly expressed by cardiac fibroblasts in peri‐infarct and infarct areas. LRP1 also colocalized with proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (pPyk2) and MMP‐9 in cardiac fibroblasts in ischaemic areas at 10 and 21 days after MI. Cell culture experiments revealed that hypoxia increases LRP1, pPyk2 protein levels and MMP‐9 activity in fibroblasts, without significant changes in MMP‐2 activity. MMP‐9 activation by hypoxia requires LRP1 and Pyk2 phosphorylation in fibroblasts. Collectively, our in vivo and in vitro data support a major role of cardiac fibroblast LRP1 levels on MMP‐9 up‐regulation associated with ventricular remodelling after MI.
Interference effect between superparamagnetic and spin glass correlated moments in a system of dispersed Co3O4 nanocrystallites

An inhomogeneous system of aggregates of Co3O4 nanocrystallites dispersed in an amorphous SiO2 matrix has been studied. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy reveal a bimodal distribution of crystallite sizes, smaller nanocrystallites with dimension below 10 nm and larger nanocrystallites of about 20 nm. The Co3O4 nanocrystallites enter the composition of nanograins with dimension 20–60 nm. The nanograins build aggregates with dimension 200–500 nm. A large value of the effective magnetic moment per Co2+ ion obtained from the high-temperature susceptibility measurements indicates possible disturbance of the normal spinel structure in which a fraction of Co3+ ions also possesses magnetic moment. An analysis based on the temperature dependence of the coercive field has shown that the smaller nanocrystallites behave as superparamagnetic particles with a blocking temperature of about 10 K. Simultaneous existence of two relaxation processes is observed in the frequency dependence of the imaginary part of the ac magnetic susceptibility in the vicinity of T = 15.8 K. The temperature dependence of the width of the distribution function of relaxation times obtained from the Cole–Cole diagrams exhibits behaviour characteristic for spin glass dynamics in a temperature range above 17.6 K and is temperature independent below 15.8 K, which is a property of superparamagnetic particles. The variation of the width of the distribution function between 17.6 and 15.8 K indicates that interference of the superparamagnetic and spin glass dynamics occurs. It has been found that average relaxation time increases with decreasing temperature from τc<10−4 s at 17.6 K to 1.5 × 10−1 s at 15 K. The increase of the average relaxation time with decreasing temperature, the observed blocking temperature of the superparamagnetic moments at about 10 K and interference appearing between the two spin dynamics suggest that the magnetic moments in the smaller as well as in the larger nanocrystallites are subject to a thermally activated blocking process at low temperatures.
Transverse Mucoperiosteal Flap Inset by Rotation for Cleft Palate Repair: Technique and Outcomes

IntroductionCleft palate is a relatively common deformity with various techniques described for its repair. Most techniques address the hard palate portion of the cleft with bilateral mucoperiosteal flaps transposed to the midline. This results in superimposed, linear closure layers directly over the cleft and may predispose the repair to oronasal fistula formation. This report details an alternative technique of flap rotation with an outcome analysis. MethodsA retrospective chart analysis was performed of all patients having undergone primary palatoplasty for cleft palate. Demographics and cleft Veau type were recorded. Postoperative speech outcomes were assessed by standardized speech evaluation performed by 2 speech language pathologists. The presence and location of oronasal fistulae was assessed and recorded by the surgeon and speech language pathologists in follow-up evaluations. ResultsThe study revealed an overall incidence of velopharyngeal insufficiency of 5.7% using this surgical technique. It also revealed a fistula rate of 8.6%. Secondary surgery has been successful in those patients in which it was indicated. Eleven (31%) patients were diagnosed with Robin sequence. ConclusionsThis technique demonstrates excellent early outcomes in a difficult subset of cleft patients including a high proportion of those with Pierre Robin sequence. The technique addresses the inherent disadvantages to a linear closure over the bony cleft. The variability in its design provides the surgeon another option for correction of this deformity.
Infant massage: The practice and evidence-base to support it

Parents across the globe have been massaging their babies for centuries. The popularity of infant massage in Western countries is a relatively recent phenomenon; the trend has probably developed due to the perceived health benefits. In some Eastern cultures, the practice of infant massage is passed on from one generation to the next. In Western cultures, it is more likely that new parents will attend a local baby massage class with an instructor. Whichever form the practice takes, it is important to know that there is no potential for harm to the baby. This article will consider the perceived benefits of infant massage, how to massage, the role of the health professional and whether we should be concerned about what products, if any, should be used for infant massage.