Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dho-gaza and Mist Net with Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bubo) Lure: Effectiveness in Capturing Thirteen Species of European Raptors

EL USO DE DHO-GAZA Y REDES CON BUBO BUBO COMO SEÑUELO: EFICACIA EN LA CAPTURA DE 13 ESPECIES DE RAPACES EUROPEAS La captura de aves rapaces resulta fundamental para el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación, aunque no siempre resulta una tarea fácil. Durante seis años (entre abril de 2000 y agosto de 2006) realizamos diferentes pruebas para capturar aves rapaces en dos zonas de España, Bizkaia y Murcia. Como señuelo se utilizaron búhos improntados de la especie Bubo bubo, procedentes de centros de recuperación, que eran colocados cerca de las redes en las proximidades de nidos activos de aves rapaces. Durante los seis años realizamos 190 intentos durante el periodo reproductivo y 36 intentos durante el periodo no reproductivo. El éxito de captura fue del 58.8%, capturándose 60 machos y 73 hembras de 10 especies. Las rapaces forestales fueron las más fáciles de capturar, principalmente las de la especie Buteo buteo. No obstante, Falco tinnunculus fue la especie más propensa a ser capturada con este método. Las especies Falco peregrinus y Falco subbuteo fueron capturadas en escasas ocasiones debido al ocasional comportamiento de impasibilidad hacia el búho.
Orofacial quantitative sensory testing: Current evidence and future perspectives

Abstract Background and objective Orofacial quantitative sensory testing (QST) is an increasingly valuable psychophysical tool for evaluating neurosensory disorders of the orofacial region. Here, we aimed to evaluate the current evidence regarding this testing method and to discuss its future clinical potential. Data treatment We conducted a literature search in Medline, Embase and Scopus for English‐language articles published between 1990 and 2019. The utilized search terms included QST, quantitative, sensory testing and neurosensory, which were combined using the AND operator with the terms facial, orofacial, trigeminal, intraoral and oral. Results Our findings highlighted many methods for conducting QST—including method of levels, method of limits and mapping. Potential stimuli also vary, and can include mechanical or thermal stimulation, vibration or pinprick stimuli. Orofacial QST may be helpful in revealing disease pathways and can be used for patient stratification to validate the use of neurosensory profile‐specific treatment options. QST is reportedly reliable in longitudinal studies and is thus a candidate for measuring changes over time. One disadvantage of QST is the substantial time required; however, further methodological refinements and the combination of partial aspects of the full QST battery with other tests and imaging methods should result in improvement. Conclusions Overall, orofacial QST is a reliable testing method for diagnosing pathological neurosensory conditions and assessing normal neurosensory function. Despite the remaining challenges that hinder the use of QST for everyday clinical decisions and clinical trials, we expect that future improvements will allow its implementation in routine practice.
Factors affecting pollinator visitation and reproductive success in Sonneratia caseolaris and Aegiceras corniculatum in a mangrove forest in India

Pollinator visitation to, and the reproductive success of, Sonneratia caseolaris (Sonneratiaceae) and Aegiceras corniculatum (Myrsinaceae) was investigated in a mangrove forest in India. S. caseolaris was shown to be primarily outcrossed and A. corniculatum was shown to be a selfing species. The flowers of both plant species attracted several diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Earlier reports had indicated that S. caseolaris flowered for one night and was exclusively night-pollinated. But flowers of this species were found to be in bloom both at night and during the day, and diurnal visitors to the flowers were more diverse and frequent than nocturnal ones. This was related to the higher volume and energy value of nectar in the morning. The effects of time of day and temperature on visitation rates were quantified. The importance of visitors to plant reproductive success was investigated via controlled visitor-exclusion experiments. Pollinators were expected to be more important for the outcrossing species than for the selfing species, and this was confirmed by the results of the exclusion experiments. In S. caseolaris reproductive success was determined both by pollinator availability and the intensity of flower and fruit predation, while in A. corniculatum it is likely to be resource limited.
A Longitudinal Study of Life Trauma, Chronic Stress and Body Mass Index on Weight Gain over a 2-Year Period

Abstract The United States is facing an alarming and increasing obesity epidemic. Stress is associated with obesity, but specific longitudinal effects of life trauma on weight gain have not been assessed. Here we examined if life trauma and chronic stress predicted weight gain while also measuring the impact of body mass index (BMI). Life trauma and chronic stress were assessed with the Cumulative Adversity Interview (CAI). Weight and BMI were captured repeatedly over a two-year period. Results show significant increases in weight gain over time. Individuals with obesity (IOb) reported significantly higher levels of life trauma at the onset compared to overweight (IOw) and lean individuals (Il). Greater numbers of trauma events were associated with increased weight gain for both IOb and IOw but not for Il. Increased chronic stress was not consistently associated with weight gain over time. Current findings suggest the need to address trauma coping, especially in vulnerable individuals to prevent greater weight gain and curb obesity-related health outcomes.
A Review of Mobile Health Applications in Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks: Lessons Learned for COVID-19

Context: Using smart mobile devices, called mobile health (mHealth), facilitates providing health services, speeds up the process, and reduces the costs and complications of direct services. Also, mHealth has many capabilities and applications in epidemic and pandemic outbreaks. This study aimed to identify mHealth applications in epidemic/pandemic outbreaks and provide some suggestions for tackling COVID-19. Methods: To find the relevant studies, searches were done in PubMed and Scopus by related keywords during 2014 - 2020 (March 10). After selecting the studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were collected by a data-gathering form. Results: Of the 727 retrieved studies, 17 studies were included. All studies emphasized the positive effect of mHealth for use in epidemic/pandemic outbreaks. The main applications of mHealth for epidemic/pandemic outbreaks included public health aspects, data management, educational programs, diagnosis, and treatment. Conclusions: mHealth is an appropriate method for encountering epidemic/pandemic outbreaks due to its extensive applications. In the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, mHealth is one of the best choices to use in the patient-physician relationship as tele-visits, using in fever coach, providing real-time information for healthcare providers, population monitoring, and detecting the disease based on obtained data from different locations.
The Role of Optimizing Selection in Natural Populations

Deux hypotheses sur le role de la «selection optimale» sont testees: 1) c'est un processus significatif qui affecte la repartition de certains caracteres phenotypiques; 2) la variete des processus qui menent a une pression de selection optimale et les problemes inherents a l'etude de ces processus limitent notre comprehension de ce que nous observons lorsque la selection agit apparemment de facon optimale
Multifeature-Based Behavior of Privilege Escalation Attack Detection Method for Android Applications

This study proposed an application behavior-detection method based on multifeature and process algebra for detecting privilege escalation attacks in Android applications. The five features of application that constituted the attack were determined through an analysis of the privilege escalation attack model. On the basis of the extraction of multiple features, process algebra was used to build the application-behavior model and the attack model. Strong equivalence relation was used to verify the application behavior. Finally, dataflow path detection is conducted among the applications that can constitute privilege escalation attacks to determine those apps constituted a privilege escalation attack. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified using the DroidBench benchmark test and the test set that includes 55 APKs of 22 types.
Field and Laboratory Studies on Nile Phytoplankton in Egypt IV. Phytoplankton of Aswan High Dam Lake (Lake Nasser)

Seasonal, local and monthly vertical variations in chlorophyll a concentration and in qualitative and quantitative counts in Aswan High Dam Lake (AHDL) phytoplankton were followed from March 1982 to February 1984. The chlorophyll a values correlated more or less with the total phytoplankton counts. Total algal counts exhibited considerable local variations in the different seasons and tended to decrease in the most southern part of AHDL, especially during the flood period. The temporal course of algal development showed an almost inverse trend to that of dissolved nitrate-nitrogen. The possibility of nitrogen limitation of algal growth was verified. Diatoms and blue-green algae alternated in the dominance of the phytoplankton community. The genera Cyclotella and Anabaenopsis respectively were the most predominant genera among the diatoms and blue-greens and consequently in the phytoplankton community.
Active Management of Walleye Fisheries in Alberta: Dilemmas of Managing Recovering Fisheries

Abstract Managers of the recreational fishery for walleyes Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) in Alberta, Canada, face an unusual combination of very low productivity (related to the northern climate) and high fishing pressure. Passive management of the large recreational fishery and active management of the smaller commercial fishery failed to prevent declines and collapses of walleye stocks. During the 1990s, extensive consultations with the public resulted in the development of an active recreational fishery management system using set points to classify stocks. Catch and release and large, highly restrictive length limits were used to regulate the harvest. These restrictions on the recreational harvest resulted in a dramatic increase in the catch rates of growth-overfished stocks. Paradoxically, this recovery has created dilemmas and controversies in both the recreational and commercial fisheries. Anglers are now dissatisfied with the low harvest rates and absence of large fish attending t.
Effects of sowing date, sowing density and nitrogen supply on leaf extension in spring barley

SUMMARY Three pot experiments were performed in unheated glasshouses at the University College of North Wales College Farm, Aber, Gwynedd in 1980–1983. Two experiments tested the effects of sowing date and N supply, the third sowing density and nitrogen supply. Extension growth of main-stem leaves was measured by ruler and expressed in thermal time units to allow comparisons between sowing dates. Rate and duration of leaf extension were determined from linear regressions of leaf length against thermal time. Increasing N supply increased leaf extension rate but had no significant effects on leaf extension duration. Leaf extension rate increased with leaf position on the main shoot, but decreased slightly in leaves extending at the time of stem elongation. Leaf extension duration also increased with leaf position on the main shoot and was related to mean temperature during the leaf extension phase. Plants sown in September were able to compensate for lower radiation receipts by having a faster rate and longer duration of leaf extension, by producing larger leaves with a greater specific lamina area and by partitioning a greater proportion of extension growth into lamina and less into sheaths. In plants sown in June, the largest leaf occurred at a lower stem node and leaves emerging later showed a strong response to N. It is suggested that this is attributable to earlier onset of internal competition for assimilates. Variation in leaf extension rate was the main factor influencing variation in final leaf area. There was a strong positive relationship between leaf extension rate and leaf N content. Increasing sowing density increased the area of the first four leaves on the main shoot and decreased that of later leaves, changes mainly associated with changes in leaf extension duration. It is concluded that progress in the modelling of leaf area expansion, light interception and dry matter production requires more information about how sowing date, sowing density and N supply interact to influence crop development and leaf growth.
Interference with Haemophilus influenzae growth by other microorganisms

A total of 97 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, and 3Candida albicans, were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth ofHaemophilus influenzae. Only strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa showed any inhibitory effect and all 5 strains tested clearly inhibited the growth of all 10 strains ofH. influenzae. The inhibition ofH. influenzae. byPs. aeruginosa may play a role in the establishment of chronicPs. aeruginosa infections in the respiratory tracts of patients with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis (CF).
Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to high pressure processing: A review

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes has been regarded as an emerging food pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a serious disease given its high mortality rate. The need for better food processing methods has led to an increased interest in high pressure processing (HPP), a novel nonthermal method presented as “producer” of safer food products. This review provides an overview of the effects of HPP on Listeria monocytogenes and on L. innocua, with the latter often used as an amenable surrogate for the pathogenic species. The factors that affect the susceptibility of listeriae to HPP, as well as the long-term implications of postprocessing recovery, are discussed in the perspective of the use of HPP to improve the safety of potential food vehicles.
Estimating asymptotic body size and testing geographic variation in Agama impalearis

Methods for estimating ‘typical’ asymptotic- body size in populations of the North African agamid Agma impalearis using individuals of undetermined age were investigated, and the pattern of geographic variation in this characteristic described and tested against simple models based on putative causes. Resampling of a large single-site data set indicated that use of the sample mean led to substantial underestimation of asymptotic size while use of the largest animal per sample led to overestimation, on average. The 80th percentile provided the most accurate estimate of asymptotic size and, compared with the largest individual per sample, had low variance, showed low dependence on sample size and was amenable to bootstrap estimation of confidence intervals. A clear pattern of geographic variation in asymptotic size was evident across Morocco: animals were smallest in the north and east and largest in the southwest. This pattern was discordant with previously-described patterns of variation in scalation and size-free body dimensions and, unlike these characteristics, could not be explained by a model based on secondary contact of previously vicariant populations. Among-site differentiation was strongly associated with a model based on a proxy of current potential gene flow between sites, supporting an alternative in situ differentiation hypothesis based on the combined effects of isolation-by-distance and the dispersal barrier provided by the higher parts of the Atlas mountain range. Possible reasons for the discordance between the pattern of variation in body size and other morphological characteristics are discussed
Evaluating the Hotel Industry Performance Using Efficiency and Effectiveness Measures

ABSTRACT Most studies on performance evaluation in the hospitality industry solely focus on efficiency measurement; however, effectiveness, an integral part of organizational performance that can influence its competitive stance in the market, is ignored. Therefore, this study aims to measure the performance of Indian hotels considering both efficiency and effectiveness simultaneously using a two-phase evaluation model with panel data. The efficiency and effectiveness scores are measured using data envelopment analysis. McKinsey’s nine-cell matrix has also been deployed to show the competitive positioning of the hotels being studied. The results yield no significant correlation between the efficiency and effectiveness scores; nevertheless, there does seem to be a strong positive correlation between effectiveness scores vis a vis the overall performance of a hotel per se.
Reversal of infectious mononucleosis-associated suppressor T cell activity by D-mannose

Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM) is associated with the activation of suppressor T lymphocytes that profoundly inhibit immunoglobulin (Ig) production in vitro. We have examined the nature of signals operating in the interaction between IM suppressor T cells and their targets, and explored the possibility that a lectin-like receptor molecule and its specific sugar might provide specificity to this interaction. When D-mannose or some of its derivatives, including alpha- methyl-D-mannoside, mannose-6-phosphate, and mannan, were added to suppressed cultures containing IM T lymphocytes and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated normal mononuclear cells, a significant enhancement of Ig production was observed. These sugars had little or no effect on Ig production by the PWM-stimulated responder cells alone and thus the enhanced Ig production could be attributed to the reversal of suppression in the co-cultures by these sugars. This was further confirmed by the observation that the sugars were effective only if present during the first 24 h of culture, a time when IM suppressor T cells exert their principal effect. The effect of sugars on Ig production by suppressed cultures was similar to that achieved by decreasing by about fourfold the number of IM T cells in culture. The effect of the sugars is unlikely to represent a form of nonspecific toxicity, since inhibited cultures become responders in the presence of the sugar. Furthermore, toxicity restricted to the suppressor T cells is unlikely, since preincubation of the T cells with the sugars did not reduce their subsequent ability to suppress in secondary indicator cultures. In addition, there was no correlation between the effect of the sugars on T cell proliferation and their effect on T cell-mediated suppression. The reversal of suppression by sugars was dose dependent and demonstrated stereo-specificity in that L-mannose was without effect while D-mannose reversed suppression. These data indicate that D- mannose and some of its derivatives consistently reverse suppression of Ig production by IM T cells and strongly suggest a role for saccharides as critical components in the cellular receptors involved in certain physiologic immune cell interactions.
Metallo-β-lactamases: Novel Weaponry for Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Metallo-β-lactamases are broad-spectrum zinc enzymes, able to inactivate most clinically useful β-lactam antibiotics. Their structural and functional diversity has thus far limited the understanding of their catalytic mechanism, therefore thwarting the rational design of a common inhibitor. On the basis of the recent availability of structures of enzyme−product complexes and novel mechanistic studies, here, we attempt to find minimal common elements in different members of this family. In contrast with other metalloenzymes, most of the substrate binding and catalytic power resides in the adequate positioning of one or two ZnII ions in the active site, empowered by an unusual flexibility.
The impact of modelling choices in the predictive performance of richness maps derived from species‐distribution models: guidelines to build better diversity models

The stacking of species‐distribution models (S‐SDMs) is receiving attention by conservation researchers because this approach is capable of simultaneously predicting species richness and composition. However, the steps required to build S‐SDMs implies at least two choices that influence its predictive performance which have not been extensively assessed: the selection of the modelling algorithm and the application of a threshold to transform the species‐distribution models into binary maps to be added together to build the final S‐SDM. Our goal was to provide guidelines concerning the best combinations of modelling algorithms and thresholds with which to build more accurate S‐SDMs. We generated 380 S‐SDMs of 1224 tree species in Mesoamerica by combining 19 distribution modelling methods with 20 different thresholds using presence‐only data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. We compared the predicted richness and composition with inventory data obtained from the BIOTREE‐NET forest plot database. We designed two indicators of predictive performance that were based on the diversity factors used to measure species turnover: a (shared species between the observed and predicted compositions), b and c (the exclusive species of the predicted and observed compositions respectively) and compared them with the Sorensen and Beta‐Simpson turnover measures. Our proposed indexes and the Sorensen index proved suitable as indicators of predictive performance for S‐SDMs, whereas the Beta‐Simpson turnover measure presented issues that would prevent its application to evaluate S‐SDMs. Some modelling methods – especially machine learning and ensemble model forecasting methods performed significantly better than others in minimizing the error in predicted richness and composition. Our results also points out that restrictive thresholds (with high omission errors) lead to more accurate S‐SDMs in terms of species richness and composition. Here, we demonstrate that particular combinations of modelling methods and thresholds provide results with higher predictive performance. These results provide clear modelling guidelines that will help S‐SDM modellers to select the appropriate combination of modelling methods and thresholds to build more accurate S‐SDMs, and therefore will have a positive impact on the quality of the diversity models used to assist conservation planning.