Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angry Employees: Revisiting Insubordination in Title VII Cases

In too many Title VII cases, employees find themselves thrown out of court because they reacted angrily to reasonable perceptions of employer discrimination. In the race context, supervisors repeatedly call employees the n-word and use other racial epithets, order African American employees to perform work others in the same job classification do not have to do, and impose discipline white employees do not face for the comparable conduct. In the gender context, courts throw out plaintiffs’ cases even where supervisors engage in egregious sexual harassment. Employees who react angrily to such demeaning treatment — by cursing, shouting, refusing an order or leaving the workplace — find themselves fired for “insubordination. ” Their acts fall short of threats of violence and are brief in duration, but courts nonetheless uphold employers’ invocation of “insubordination” as a “legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason” for plaintiffs’ discharge. The article argues that courts should more carefully scrutinize the relationship between discrimination-tinged work environments and employees’ angry reactions. This article makes specific proposals about how Title VII courts should handle insubordination cases that raise discrimination concerns. To gain ideas for this purpose it looks both to Title VII precedent and doctrines the National Labor Relations Board has developed in the exercise of its special expertise in regulating workplace relations. Unlike many Title VII courts, the NLRB and courts reviewing its decisions often grant some leeway to “angry employees” — i.e., employees who have gone some distance past the line of proper decorum (but not too far) in expressing indignation at what they reasonably perceive as violations of their statutorily protected rights. Instead of routinely accepting insubordination as legitimate grounds for an adverse employment action, as Title VII courts often do, the NLRB more carefully scrutinizes the context giving rise to “angry employees. ” This article argues that Title VII courts should do more of that scrutiny too. It proposes doctrinal modifications Title VII courts could implement in the exercise of their interstitial statutory interpretative powers to better serve Title VII’s dual purposes of (1) better enforcing the workplace anti-discrimination mandate and (2) encouraging employers and employees to resolve discrimination disputes in real time in workplaces rather rendering employees so docile that that they must “make a federal case” out of all discrimination disputes.
Reducing Sample Sizes in Phase II Trials based on Exact Binomial Tests by Shifting Design Parameters

Background: Currently, a large number of new anticancer agents is accompanied by constrained resources, requiring prioritization. In addition, emerging molecular subtypes subdivide common cancer entities into rare diseases, making it harder to conduct phase II trials as a crucial step in drug development and therapy optimization. We extend a recent work by Khan et al. on the design of phase II clinical trial based on exact binomial tests. Results/Methods: The effect of flexibility in design parameters on the required sample size and error rates is assessed. Changing p0 and p1 allows to reduce sample sizes in cases where altering α and β is not an option. When allowing flexibility in all four parameters, one can further reduce sample sizes. Conclusion: In phase II trials based on exact binomial tests, minimal deviations from the original design parameters might ultimately reduce costs and trial duration.
Journées Klotz 2012 MEN 1 and pituitary adenomas NEM 1 et adénomes hypophysaires

MEN1 gene mutations predispose carriers to pituitary tumors. Molecular pathways involved in the development of these tumors seem different o what is known in sporadic tumors. Clinical studies showed that all types of adenomas can be found with a predominance of prolactinoma and acroadenoma compared to a control population. These MEN1 tumors seem more aggressive, invasive and resistant to treatment requiring a very areful long-life follow-up. Occurrence of these tumors can be described in the pediatric population and it can be the first and only manifestation f MEN1 for some years asking the question of the systematic screening for MEN1 gene mutation in pediatric population with pituitary adenoma. 2012 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
A combined optical and X-ray study of unobscured type 1 active galactic nuclei – II. Relation between X-ray emission and optical spectra

In this second paper in a series of three, we study the properties of the various emission features and underlying continuum in the optical spectra of type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by using the unobscured hard X-ray emission as a diagnostic. We introduce the use of the ‘correlation spectrum technique’ (CST) for the ﬁrst time. We use this to show the strength of the correlation between the hard X-ray luminosity and each wavelength of the optical spectrum. This shows that for broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies all the strong emission lines (the broad component of H α and H β , [Ne III ] λλ 3869/3967, [O I ] λλ 6300/6364, [O II ] λλ 3726/3729 and [O III ] λλ 4959/5007) and the optical underlying continuum all strongly correlate with the hard X-ray emission. In contrast, the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies show a stronger correlation in the optical continuum but a weaker correlation in the lines. A cross-correlation with luminosity between the various Balmer line components and the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) components shows that the best correlation exists between the hard X-ray component and the broad component (BC) of the Balmer lines. Such a correlation is weaker for the intermediate (IC) and narrow components, which supports the view that the broad-line region (BLR) has the closest link with the AGN’s compact X-ray emission. The equivalent widths of the Balmer line IC and BC are found to correlate with
On groups and normal polymorphic functions

Let be a Fuchsian group acting on the unit disk D. A function f meromorphic in D is polymorphic if there exists a homomorphism f of onto a group of Mobius transformations such that f = f ( ) f for 2 . A function is normal if sup 1 jzj 2 jf 0 (z)j= 1 + jf(z)j 2 < 1. First we study the behaviour of a normal polymorphic function at the xed points of and then the existence of such functions for a given type of group .
Thermoelectrical detection of Majorana states

This work was supported by MINECO Grant No. FIS2011-23526, in part by the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics through NSF Grant No. PHY11-25915, and by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2011-0030046).
Enhancing the productivity of livestock production in highland of Ethiopia: Implication for improved on-farm feeding strategies and utilization

The feed assessment tool (FEAST) was used to characterize the farming and livestock system. Prior to data collection, a sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) approach was used in August 2012. The result of the study depict that the contribution of grazing to dry matter (DM), metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) content was relatively high for the above average group farmers who reserve more land for the growth of grazing pasture and crop residue (barley and wheat) through land renting. Due to limitations of grazing and crop residue resources farmers in the below average group were forced to use the purchased feeds and it contributes more to the CP, ME and DM of the total diet of their livestock in the order of importance. The problems that were raised by the farmers encompass shortage of feed, unavailability of credit services, shortage of veterinary service and lack AI service. The study recommends the development of herbaceous forage legumes and fodder trees species which can mitigate the constraints of feed scarcity. Training on cost effective livestock ration formulation techniques to reduce the feed shortages observed and to supply the livestock with quality and palatable feeds requires due attention. Key words: Feed, livestock, crude protein, dry matter, metabolizable energy.
Visual Discrimination of Geometric and Complex 2D Shapes in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Visual object recognition allows fish to locate prey, avoid predators, recognize individuals, choose mates, and navigate. Previous studies have examined shape discrimination in goldfish, but without controlling multiple dimensions of the stimuli to closely examine which features are salient for fish. The goal of this study was to explore features that goldfish (Carassius auratus) may use to discriminate between 2D geometric and complex shapes (e.g., length, width, area, diameter, symmetry). We assessed shape perception in fish using a two-alternative forced choice task. Five stimulus pairs were presented to goldfish: (1) a solid circle and rectangle matched for area; (2) a solid circle and rectangle matched for length; (3) a solid circle and square matched for length and width; (4) an unfilled circle and four-blade fan matched for diameter, area, and symmetry; and (5) two concentric unfilled circles and six-blade fan matched for diameter, area, and symmetry. Fish were tested using the ‘correction method’ in Experiment 1 and the ‘non-correction method’ in Experiment 2. Goldfish visually discriminated between the geometric shapes (stimulus pairs 1-3), but failed to discriminate between complex shapes (stimulus pair 5). Only the fish in Experiment 1 learned to discriminate between the complex shapes in stimulus pair 4. This study provided preliminary evidence for shape discrimination in goldfish when stimulus features are controlled. However, further work is needed to determine whether goldfish use a single feature that changes from stimulus pair to stimulus pair, a combination of features, or holistic processing to discriminate among shape stimuli.
Spatially optimal steady-state phosphorus policies in crop production

We analyse optimal phosphorus fertilisation and erosion control policies in a spatial, dynamic, steady-state framework. First-best instruments to incentivise farmers to undertake socially optimal choices are analysed both analytically and empirically. An empirical illustration is presented for a cereal production area of 3 hectares. We find that taxes on phosphorus use can be levied with equal effect either on fertiliser use or directly on soil phosphorus. However, a tax on soil phosphorus is simpler and poses lower information requirements for the social planner. In addition, the potential differences in socially and privately applied discount rates are shown to affect optimal tax rates.
Age Differences in the Value of Statistical Life: Revealed Preference Evidence

Revealed preference evidence, especially based on wage-risk tradeoffs in the labor market, provides the primary empirical basis for analyses of the value of statistical life (VSL). This market evidence also provides guidance on how VSL varies with age. While labor market studies have generated conflicting evidence—some showing that VSL rises with age and others showing that VSL declines with age—more refined estimates that take into account the age variation in job fatality risks or life-cycle patterns of consumption show an inverted U relation between the VSL and age. The value of a statistical life-year shows a similar pattern and is not time-invariant. Applying estimates of the VSL-age relationship to an analysis of the Clear Skies initiative illustrates the implications of recognizing the age-VSL relationship.
Predicting expert social science testimony in criminal prosecutions of historic child sexual abuse

Purpose. Recently courts in several Common Law jurisdictions have been faced with the daunting task of adjudicating criminal complaints of child sexual assault that are alleged to have occurred in the distant past (historic child sexual abuse; HCSA). In the present data set, alleged offences ended between 2 and 48 years before the trial. These cases, which involve claims of repressed memory and continuous memory for the offence, raise many issues that hitherto had only rarely been faced by criminal courts and that are within the realm of issues studied by social scientists. In this paper we explore variables that predict the presence of a social science expert, called by the prosecution or the defence or an expert called by both sides. Methods. A total of 2,064 actual criminal cases involving HCSA were coded on a variety of variables that were then used to predict the presence of an expert at trial and to predict the presence of an expert to evaluate the perpetrator for sentencing. Results. Six variables predicted the presence of an expert at trial: offence description, frequency of abuse, complainant/accused relationship, complainant age, presence of repression, and complainant gender. Seven variables predicted the presence of an expert at sentencing: offence description, frequency of abuse, length of delay to trial, presence of threat, trial date, plea, and age difference between complainant and accused. Conclusions. We use these archival data to generate hypotheses concerning the observed predictors of the use of expert testimony by courts in HCSA cases. The objective is to encourage more controlled studies of the particular case characteristics about which courts seek guidance from social scientists.
Examining Emergency Medicine Specialty Training and Quality Measures in the

The objective of this study was to measure the relationship between emergency medicine (EM) specialty training and quality measures in the emergency department (ED). Data were gathered from the 2003-2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The outcome was proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), pneumonia (PNA), and long-bone fracture (LBF) who received recommended therapy. These measures were analyzed with respect to EM residency completion. Compared with EDs with more than 80% EM-trained physicians, EDs with fewer than 80% EM-trained physicians had similar rates of aspirin (43% vs 42%) and β-blocker (26% vs 19%) use for AMI, appropriate antibiotics (78% vs 83%) and pulse oximetry (51% vs 55%) for PNA, and analgesia (85% vs 79%) for LBF. Additionally, a composite end point and an adjusted model showed no statistical difference across these measures. The proportion of residency-trained EM physicians did not affect the use of recommended treatment for AMI, PNA, and LBF.
ANALYSING EFFECTIVE METHODOLOGIES USED FOR TEXT CLUSTERING USING WEIGHTED ALGORITHMS

Clustering of text documents is an important technique for enhancing automated learning. Matching is the technique used in order to relate or match the various set of related documents. Clustering groups a set of documents which are similar and dissimilar for unsupervised learning where the user has learning materials which are from raw data which requires further classification. Established feature extraction strategies intend to change over the representation of the major dimensional data set into a lower-dimensional informational collection by anticipating process through mathematical changes. The concept of feature clustering is to aggregate the features into clusters with a high level of pair wise semantic relations. Each cluster is dealt as a single new feature, and, hence, feature dimensionality can be radically lessened. HAC, K-Means, TF/IDF-weighted vectors and cosine similarities is used for the various vectors of data and is applied to text in a direct way to optimize the vectors.
On the meaning of cross-cultural differences in simple cognitive measures

A set of 5 reaction time tests of increasing cognitive complexity were administered to 35 secondary school pupils in Zimbabwe and The Netherlands at 4 consecutive school days in order to explore the existence and nature of cross-cultural differences on reaction time tests measuring basic cognitive operations. No cross-cultural differences were observed on the simple tests, while the Dutch pupils were faster than Zimbabwean pupils on the more complex tests. Zimbabwean pupils showed larger performance increments at retesting. Two Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) subtests (Vocabulary and Digit Span Forward and Backward), a tapping test, and parental socioeconomic status were used to predict the cross-cultural performance differences. Socioeconomic status and digit span could explain all these differences. It is argued that the cross-cultural performance differences on elementary cognitive tests cannot be interpreted at face value because of their susceptibility to non-target factors, such as test understanding and previous test exposure.
Structural properties of hard metric TSP inputs

The metric traveling salesman problem is one of the most prominent APX-complete optimization problems. An important particularity of this problem is that there is a large gap between the known upper bound and lower bound on the approximability (assuming P 6= NP ). In fact, despite more than 30 years of research, no one could find a better approximation algorithm than the 1.5-approximation provided by Christofides. The situation is similar for a related problem, the metric Hamiltonian path problem, where the start and the end of the path are prespecified: the best approximation ratio up to date is 5/3 by an algorithm presented by Hoogeveen almost 20 years ago. In this paper, we provide a tight analysis of the combined outcome of both algorithms. This analysis reveals that the sets of the hardest input instances of both problems are disjoint in the sense that any input is guaranteed to allow at least one of the two algorithms to achieve a significantly improved approximation ratio. In particular, we show that any input instance that leads to a 5/3-approximation with Hoogeveen’s algorithm enables us to find an optimal solution for the traveling salesman problem. This way, we determine a set S of possible pairs of approximation ratios. Furthermore, for any input we can identify one pair of approximation ratios within S that forms an upper bound on the achieved approximation ratios.
Efficacy and safety of once-daily NVA 237 in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD : the GLOW 1 trial

Background: NVA237 is a once-daily dry-powder formulation of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium bromide in development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The glycopyrronium bromide in COPD airways clinical study 1 (GLOW1) evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of NVA237 in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Methods: Patients with COPD with a smoking history of ≥ 10 pack-years, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 80% and ≥ 30% predicted normal and FEV1/forced vital capacity < 0.70 were enrolled. Patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with NVA237 50 μg once daily or placebo for 26 weeks with inhaled/intranasal corticosteroids or H1 antagonists permitted in patients stabilized on them prior to study entry. The primary outcome measure was trough FEV1 at Week 12. Results: A total of 822 patients were randomized to NVA237 (n = 552) or placebo (n = 270). Least squares mean (± standard error) trough FEV1 at Week 12 was significantly higher in patients receiving NVA237 (1.408 ± 0.0105 L), versus placebo (1.301 ± 0.0137 L; treatment difference 108 ± 14.8 mL, p < 0.001). Significant improvements in trough FEV1 were apparent at the end of Day 1 and sustained through Week 26. FEV1 was significantly improved in the NVA237 group versus placebo throughout the 24-hour periods on Day 1 and at Weeks 12 and 26, and at all other visits and timepoints. Transition dyspnoea index focal scores and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores were significantly improved with NVA237 versus placebo at Week 26, with treatment differences of 1.04 (p < 0.001) and-2.81 (p = 0.004), respectively. NVA237 significantly reduced the risk of first moderate/severe COPD exacerbation by 31% (p = 0.023) and use of rescue medication by 0.46 puffs per day (p = 0.005), versus placebo. NVA237 was well tolerated and had an acceptable safety profile, with a low frequency of cardiac and typical antimuscarinic adverse effects. Conclusions: Once-daily NVA237 was safe and well tolerated and provided rapid, sustained improvements in lung function, improvements in dyspnoea, and health-related quality of life, and reduced the risk of exacerbations and the use of rescue medication. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01005901
Optimization of Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate and Tool Wear Rate in EDM using Taguchi Method

In the present manufacturing scenario, EDM is the widely used non-traditional machining process which is used to machine hard materials such as alloys or composites. In the last few decades, there are lots of advancements in EDM which makes EDM more popular. There is a wide range of application of EDM in the aerospace, die-making and some other manufacturing sectors which require high precision. EDM is also called as high precision machining which can be used in the batch production where the traditional machining processes fail. In the last few years the developments in the new tool material, optimization techniques, and conductive ceramics have made some new research scopes in EDM. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of input parameters like current, voltage and pulse-on-time on the Al-SiC (reinforced with 10% wt. of SiC). The output parameters for the process are MRR, TWR and surface roughness. It is found that the selection of input parameters plays an important role in the performance of the EDM.
A Survey Of Dna Computing

In recent times, computer chip manufacturers are frantically racing to make the next microprocessor that will overthrow speed records. So Microprocessors made of silicon will eventually reach their limits of speed and miniaturization and their manufacturers will need a new material to produce faster computing speeds. But fortunately scientists have found the new material they need to build the next generation of microprocessors. Millions of natural supercomputers exist inside living organisms, including our body. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules, the material our genes are made of, have the potential to perform calculations many times faster than the most powerful human-built computers. DNA might in the nearest future be integrated into a computer chip to create a so-called BIOCHIP that makes computers even faster. DNA molecules have already been harnessed to perform complex mathematical problems by researchers.While still in its early life,DNAcomputers will be capable of storing billions of times more data than today personal computer. In this article, a survey of recent research on DNA computing is discussed and the possibility that it might take the place of silicon-based computers in the next decade.
Object-centered attention in 8-month-old infants

We examined the extent to which visual orienting in 8-month-old infants shows evidence of being guided by object-based representations. Infants’ preferences to look at conspicuous targets presented on one of two stationary objects were measured following an event (cue) which directed their covert attention to one of the objects. The results indicate that by 8 months of age a cue presented on one part of an object directs attention to the whole object (object-centered attention). This then affects responses to targets that appear elsewhere on the cued object.