Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial processes in category assignment.

Investigates the hypothesis that spatial processes are involved in judgments on membership in a category. It is argued that membership versus nonmembership of an object or a concept, in a category, is spatially simulated in mental space by a minimal continuum with 2 levels, left for membership and right for nonmembership. In analogy to other embodied dimensions (e.g., time line or number line), the orientation of membership levels on the mental dimension is assumed to follow the acquired reading/writing schema, with procedural primacy implying dominance, hence leftward positioning of dominant elements. This rationale is tested in 7 experiments. A recognition memory paradigm (modified 2AFC paradigm, Experiment 1) revealed that participants were faster indicating the location of an old word on the screen when displayed left within a pair of words, indicating a spatial representation of category membership ("member" = left, "nonmember" = right). For category discrimination (Experiment 2) we found faster and more accurate performance when a target word is presented left as compared with right. This pattern is replicated in Experiments 4a and 4b, with different response alternatives. Discriminating categories in a stimulus-response compatibility paradigm (Experiment 3), participants were faster making correct responses with their left hand than with their right hand in target category trials. In contrast, no differences were found for distractor trials. Experiments 5a and 5b address the spatial bias in spontaneous sorting situations. Overall, this pattern of results across the 7 experiments provides evidence in support of a spatial simulation of category assignment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Public Expenditures and Economic Growth: A Case study of Pakistan

The impact of government expenditures in economic growth is well understood and recognized. However, most of theoretical and empirical research on determining this role has focused on the impact of public investments, implicitly assuming that recurrent expenditure of the government is more or less irrelevant from the perspective of economic growth. Using Pakistani data, this study not only reiterates the positive impact of public expenditure on economic activity, but also highlights that primary recurrent expenditure is about as much important as public investment in enhancing economic activity. This is perhaps because in Pakistan government’s development expenditure has more inherent inefficiencies than recurrent expenditures, as prolonged fiscal adversity has stripped that latter to “bare bones” to contain large inefficiencies. However, this also implies that simply creating structures and infrastructure is not enough to accelerate economic growth. Each structure has to be adequately financed for its operation and maintenance to give optimum results, which is done from recurrent spending. As such, this study points to a rethink on the role of public expenditure and its impact on growth, especially the composition of expenditure.
Yield performances of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as amended with liquid organic fertilizer and vermicompost

Closed Agriculture Production System (CAPS) Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Bengkulu has developed liquid organic fertilizer since 2014 by using locally available natural resources for vegetable production under closed agriculture production system. The effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer has been evaluated on sweet corn, carrot, caisim, cauliflower, long bean, ground nut and broccoli. This research reported the use of liquid organic fertilizer in combination with vermicompost on yields of organically grown potato. Results indicated that the use of liquid organic fertilizer increased total number of tuber per plant, total weight of tuber per plant, tuber weight per plot, but not tuber diameter and marketable tubers. The use of vermicompost increased tuber diameter, total weight of tuber per plant, tuber weight per plot and number of marketable tubers, but not total weight of tuber per plant. Nevertheless, no interaction effects were recorded to all observed variables. In conclusion, both vermicompost and liquid organic fertilizer could independently increase potato yields. Under closed production system, the used of 10 ton ha -1 vermicompost was as effective as of 15, 20 and 25 ton ha -1 . Future research should be addressed to determine the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer for potato production.
The Text Input System Using Spatial Fingertip Tracking Method

: - This paper presents an approach to input Korean letters by using depth information originating from a single depth camera. An index finger is detected based on the hand area of a user, which is extracted from the depth information. This paper suggests a way of recognizing gestures generated by tracking information on the index fingertips. To this end, two main approaches for recognition are suggested. The first is to simplify a gesture. A gesture is simplified with the use of specific angles that are extracted by using angles between points extracted from the index finger. Based on this approach, the error rate is found to be lower than that of the case where the approach was not applied. The second approach presents a modified $1 Recognizer. The existing $1 Recognizer is too robust to angles and, accordingly, a limited number of pattern numbers can be input and often this causes confusion depending on the input pattern. In order to resolve this problem, this paper presents an approach of comparing angles between the starting point and the end point from the center of the pattern. An experiment showed improved performance based on the approach.
Recent advances in the biological control of Fusarium wilts.

Studies of soils suppressive to fusarium wilts have indicated that the phenomenon is fundamentally microbiological in nature, resulting from complex microbial interactions between the pathogen and all, or a part of, the saprophytic microflora. Many groups of micro-organisms have been proposed as having a role in this process. The most consistent results show that non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and fluorescent pseudomonads are the main agents for biological control. Each group has been effective in reducing the severity of fusarium diseases in several crops under experimental conditions. All the problems associated with application of antagonists have not yet been solved, but special situations exist where biological control could be applied soon. In Europe, the present development of soil-less systems to grow tomatoes, cucumbers, carnations and a few other species of flowers and vegetables in greenhouses, offers a unique opportunity to use antagonists. A strain of non-pathogenic Fusarium isolated from soil from Chǎteaurenard can be established in the soil-less substrates, or in the potting mixtures, before transplanting the plants and in these conditions can prevent colonization of the substrates by the pathogens. It gave good control of fusarium wilts of tomatoes, carnations and cyclamens, and of crown and root rot of tomatoes due to F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici. This non-pathogenic strain, produced by liquid fermentation and mixed with talc, is easy to introduce into soil-less substrates after having been suspended in water or in liquid fertilizer. Experiments have been under way in commercial greenhouses for several years, but it will be necessary to wait at least two more years to complete all the tests required for the registration of the product as a biopesticide. Similar experiments have been conducted with a strain of fluorescent pseudo-monad also isolated from the soil of Chǎteaurenard, which shows poor antagonistic effect when applied alone but consistently improves disease control when applied in combination with the non-pathogenic Fusarium. In fact, application of both antagonists together always gave total control of the diseases, the yield in the treated plots being equal to that in the healthy control. These experiments show that combining antagonists can improve the consistency of biological control.
Time to Leave the Louvre: A Computational Network Analysis

Increase in terror attacks has raised demand for safe emergency evacuation plans worldwide. We focus on evacuating the Louvre, the world’s largest art museum. Evacuation is made difﬁcult by the volume and variety of visitors; the Louvre management desires evacuation plans over a broad set of considerations. WepartitiontheLouvre into sections and build an agent-based model to simulate evacuations in each section. We run simulations over each section to determine a rate by which agents exited. To connect sections, we represent the building as a graph, thereby posing a network ﬂow problem. The strong duality property identiﬁes bottleneck edges in the graph. Simulating blocked passages or new secret exits is simply removal or addition of edges to the graph. Bottleneck identiﬁcation is our highest priority for public safety. Our model predicts that an evacuation plan using all four public exits could evacuate the Louvre in 24 minutes. Furthermore, while many bottle-necks surround the Pyramid entrance, the entrance itself is not a bottleneck. This property of the Pyramid is crucial in emergencies, since it allows access for emergency personnel. Additionally, securing the Passage Richelieu is critical to evacuation, since its safety is directly linked to the Pyramid’s safety. Keeping these entrances open and useful is imperative to both speed and safety of an evacuation. Our model is powerful due to its ability to model individual human behavior, followed by an adaptable abstraction of building-ﬂow dynamics. One weakness of our model is that we consider worst-case scenarios, but their evacuation times are an upper bound for a real evacuation.
Leucocytosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke and its Effect on Short Term Morbidity

Objective: To find out the frequency of leucocytosis in acute ischemic stroke and its effect on short term morbidity. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, PGMI Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar for six months January, 2012 to July, 2012. Materials and Methods: Data was collected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique. 126 adult patients with ischemic stroke were included in the study. Full blood count was obtained for all patients on admission and possibility of infection ruled out with history and relevant clinical examination. Presence of disability was assessed using Modified Rankin Scale ( mRS). Results: A total number of 126 patients having ischemic stroke were included in this study. The mean age was 61.9 years. 114 (64.4%) were males. Leukocytosis was seen in 61(76.25%) of the patients with significant morbidity, whereas 19(23.75%) of patients with morbidity had no leukocytosis. In patients without any significant morbidity leukocytosis was seen in only 12(26.09%) of the patients. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that early leukocytosis in ischemic stroke patients is associated with increase morbidity and can therefore be considered as a prognostic factor.
Probing successive coronal mass ejections using high-energy protons

We report on four multi-eruption solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed by Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron (ERNE) instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). All the events were gradual (SEP) events associated with two solar eruptions. One event was observed on 2001 October 19–21, in association with two X1.6/2B solar flares and halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) separated by ∼15 hours. The event observed on 2000 April 04–06 was associated with two CMEs separated by ∼8 hours. The two other events were observed on 2000 February 17–19, in association with two CMEs separated by ∼13 hours, and on 2000 September 12–14, associated with two CMEs separated by ∼5 hours. We had analyzed the first two events in detail and found a second peak in 10–100 MeV protons associated with changes in proton flux anisotropy, energy spectrum and in He/p ratio. The observational data suggests that the second acceleration of 10–100 MeV protons occurred behind the first CME and the previous CME was not an obstacle for the new particles to directly access 1 AU in both events. The proton flux anisotropy data support the idea that the particle production significantly declined in about 10 hours after the first eruption, while the prolonged temporal profiles of the solar energetic particle events were due to a slow transport of previously accelerated particles in the interplanetary space.
Implementation of Guided Inquiry Learning Model to Improve Understanding Physics Concepts and Critical Thinking Skill of Vocational High School Students

This research aims to implement the guided inquiry learning model to improve the understanding of concepts and critical thinking skills of Vocational High School (SMK) students. The quasi-experiment method with the randomized pretest-posttest control group design was used to obtain data from students of one of the Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 28 experiment and control class students that carried out a guided inquiry and conventional learning, respectively. The result shows an average increase in understanding of physics concepts and critical thinking skills of the experimental class by 0.71 (high category) and the control class by 0.28 (low category). Based on the average test results using the independent sample t-test method, the understanding of physics concepts and the critical thinking skills of the experimental class was eminent to the control class. Furthermore, the research instruments were tests of understanding concepts and critical thinking skills with an average increase of 0.71 in the high category and 0.28 in the low category, respectively. The result showed that the implementation of guided inquiry learning models has the ability to significantly improve the understanding of static fluid concepts and critical thinking skills of Vocational High School students compared to conventional learning. This was because it provided the opportunity for students to independently construct a concept through problem presentation, formulation of hypotheses, data collection, analysis, and conclusions.
The role of organizational agility on the relationship between organizational information technology capabilities and competitive performance; case study: Mellat bank

This study aimed to investigate the role of organizational agility in relation between organizational intelligence capabilities and competitive performance in Mellat Bank. This research was descriptive survey. The community consists of two groups of experts of the central organization and managers of Mellat Bank Branches in Mashhad. In total, the population of this study was 367 people, and 225 people were selected using available sampling. The tool used in this research was a researched-based native-based questionnaire. Its factual validity, using the views of professors and experts, verified the structure through confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was examined and confirmed. Took The data analysis method was structural equations through the software PPS; the results of path analysis indicated that the IT capability of the organization has a positive and significant effect on market agility and its operation. Also, agility in operations can affect agility in the market and agility in the market can lead to high competitive performance.
Social media for cultural communication: A critical investigation of museums’ Instagram practices

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the use of Instagram by museums in the Greek cultural scene. Specifically, the study focuses on examining the use of Instagram by museum communication professionals and aims at carrying out a twofold investigation: Firstly, if and how the Instagram is used to reach out to their visitors and secondly, the public response to this type of communication. Methods: A list of all archaeological museums in Greece was obtained and related Instagram accounts were retrieved. The dataset structure was enhanced by eleven variables, which were measured and visualized by a descriptive statistics analysis. Inter-variable correlations, normality and equality tests were also performed. Moreover, a linear predictive model for the number of museum tags was investigated. Results: Only one museum in Greece maintains an Instagram account. Visitors usually tag museum exhibits or people and exhibits on the photographs they upload on their personal accounts. T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests revealed equal distributions for all variables between central and peripheral museums. Implications: Museum officials have not seized the opportunity offered by social media and especially Instagram today. Their importance seems to be underestimated. With respect to the linear model derived, results suggest that more features should be surveyed; this could be the subject of future research studies.
INVOLVEMENT OF ATTENTION AND WORKING MEMORY OF CHILDREN WITH ADHD IN SCHOOL-AGE

This investigation analyzes the difficulties in attention and memory of children with Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity (ADHD) between eight and twelve years old (attending fourth, fifth and sixth grade of primary school) compared with a control group of the same age (n = 80), by applying three standardized tests: the test of perception of differences or test face, Children’s Color Trails Test (CCTT) and test digit by Wechsler Intelligence Scale. These tests analyze selective attention, sustained attention, alternating attention, short term memory and working memory, respectively. The results show significant differences between the control group (group without ADHD) and ADHD group in all evaluated cognitive processes. In addition, differences in the correlations of these functions in both groups, checking that there may be a close relationship between attention deficit and implementation of other cognitive processes.
Comparative studies of the Ainu, their ancestors, and neighbors : assessment based on metric and nonmetric dental data

Using Mahalanobis’ generalized distance for odontometric data and Smith’s mean measure of divergence for nonmetric dental data, interpopulation similarities between four local Ainu groups from Sakhalin Island and Hokkaido, as well as their supposedly ancestral and neighboring populations, were analyzed. In this study, multidimensional scaling and multidimensional plots by Andrews were applied to the distance matrices to visualize the intergroup relationships. The results obtained reconfirm the dental association between the prehistoric Jomon and the recent Ainu. However, the diversity of the recent Ainu in Hokkaido is not necessarily accommodated in a single regional populational lineage, the Jomon. The present findings also suggest that admixture between the immigrants from Northeast Asia as represented by the Okhotsk culture people and the indigenous inhabitants in Hokkaido during the 5th–12th centuries AD may in part have contributed to the formation of the physical characteristic of the recent Ainu. In particular, the female Okhotsk culture sample shows closer affinity to the northeastern Hokkaido and the Sakhalin Ainu in some of the analyses presented in this study. Such findings are compatible with those obtained by craniometric analyses, supporting the hypothesis of higher migration rates among females than among males due to patrilocality or the shorter matrilineal generation interval.
Survival analysis via hierarchically dependent mixture hazards

Hierarchical nonparametric processes are popular tools for defining priors on collections of probability distributions, which induce dependence across multiple samples. In survival analysis problems one is typically interested in modeling the hazard rates, rather than the probability distributions themselves, and the currently available methodologies are not applicable. Here we fill this gap by introducing a novel, and analytically tractable, class of multivariate mixtures whose distribution acts as a prior for the vector of sample–specific baseline hazard rates. The dependence is induced through a hierarchical specification for the mixing random measures that ultimately corresponds to a composition of random discrete combinatorial structures. Our theoretical results allow to develop a full Bayesian analysis for this class of models, which can also account for right–censored survival data and covariates, and we also show posterior consistency. In particular, we emphasize that the posterior characterization we achieve is the key for devising both marginal and conditional algorithms for evaluating Bayesian inferences of interest. The effectiveness of our proposal is illustrated through some synthetic and real data examples.
Determination of Stress Intensity Factor for a crack in thin plate under Mode-I loading using Finite Element Analysis

The failure of cracked components is governed by the stresses in the vicinity of the crack tip. The stress intensity factors depend on the geometry of the component and on loading condition. This study is on central cracked plate of a finite length. Basically stress Intensity factor is calculated analytically means by LEFM and computationally. ANSYSTM 14.5 is used as a computational tool. For different values of uniform pressure, stress intensity factor is calculated and then compared with analytical results and good agreement is noted between both approaches. This work is to find the optimal pre-cracked length, in order to eliminate the effect of the SIF and the Fracture toughness.
Bayesian Parameter Estimation of System Dynamics Models Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods: An Informal Introduction

While calibration is an important element of the System Dynamics modeling process, traditional calibration techniques exhibit significant limitations. Many such techniques are limited to providing point estimates of calibrated values, sometimes together with information on uncertainty around such estimates. Such techniques also impose assumptions concerning the error distributions and privilege a specific dynamic model structure. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques offer a powerful, general, and versatile alternative approach. Bayesian MCMC approaches eschew point estimates, and instead provide a means of sampling from a full (“posterior”) distribution of parameter vectors. Such techniques can further express the relative likelihood of different model structures. Finally, MCMC approaches allow a modeler to explicitly specify a general probabilistic model giving the likelihood that observed empirical data would be produced by a certain parameter vector. While MCMC approaches offer strong benefits, it can be daunting for System Dynamics modelers to secure even a basic understanding of the MCMC process, and there is only a small extant literature concerning applications of MCMC to simulation models, largely using language unfamiliar to most System Dynamics practitioners. Within this paper, we seek to provide a gentle introduction to the use of Bayesian MCMC techniques for System Dynamics parameter estimation.