Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF ABNORMALITY OF CORTICOHISTOGENESIS IN THE REELER MUTANT MICE BY PRODUCING CHIMERA MICE: ABSENCE OF ABNORMALITY IN NEURONS IN THE REELER

Reeler mutant mouse is characterized by the derangement of neuron positions in the cerebral cortex. In order to analyse the pathogenesis of the reeler abnormality, we have here analysed the chimera composed of reeler and normal on a half-and half basis judged from the coat color and GPI isozyme pattern. By hematoxylin-eosin staining and Golgi staining, the cerebral cortex was found to be normalized. The cortico-spinal tract neurons retrogradely labelled after injection of horseradish peroxidase into the lumbar cord were situated in layer V (the inner pyramidal layer) in the chimera, as in the normal mouse, whereas in the reeler such neurons were scattered diffusely throughout all levels of the corresponding cortical area.These observations suggest that reeler mutation does not directly affect the neurons and that abnormalities in process formation of neurons and fiber trajectory are consequential upon malposition of the cell.
Provisional stenting or not provisional stenting: seven critical points for bifurcations treatment with a glimpse on LM bifurcation stenting.

Stenting of coronary bifurcation lesions represents a challenge for the interventional cardiologist. A bifurcation lesion could be treated with several techniques. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to decide the strategical approach at the beginning of the procedure evaluating the patient's bifurcation anatomy, the angle between main and side branch, plaque burden at the level of the carina, and size of the side branch. Although it is clear that all bifurcation's treatment techniques have each one their advantages and disadvantages, provisional stenting remains the gold-standard technique, because it leaves the possibility to switch to other technical solutions with optimal angiographic and long-term clinical results. In this mini-review, different tips and tricks for LM and bifurcation stenting are debated.
Role of Kinase Inhibitors in Treatment of Lymphoid Malignancies

Copyright: © 2013 JD’Cruz O, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Deregulation or upregulated expression of specific oncogenic kinases has been implicated in the pathobiology of B-lineage lymphoid malignancies [1-4]. The intracellular signaling cascades that are active in maintaining the malignant phenotypes in B-lineage leukemias and lymphomas involve multiple potential therapeutic targets such as SYK, BTK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Src, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, JAK/STAT, and Aurora kinases. Inhibiting these kinases and their signaling pathways may result in significant clinical benefit especially for patients with relapsed or refractory B-lineage lymphoid malignancies.
Association between age‐related macular degeneration and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases: a systematic review

The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the association between age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. The focused question was ‘Is there a relationship between AMD and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases? ’ Indexed databases were searched up to and including May 2020 to identify pertinent original studies. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Five observational cohort studies were included that assessed the association between AMD and periodontitis. The number of patients with and without AMD ranged between 54 and 90 and 1697 and 12,171 individuals, respectively. Examiner blinding to the study groups was performed in 1 of the 5 studies. None of the studies were power adjusted. Scrutiny of studies showed that all 5 studies included in the present systematic review had a high risk of bias. Results from all studies reported a direct association between AMD and periodontitis. No studies assessed the association between AMD and peri‐implant diseases. The association between AMD and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases remains debatable. Further well‐designed and power‐adjusted studies are needed to determine whether or not a ‘true’ association exists between AMD and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.
Role of Vitamin K-Dependent Factors Protein S and GAS6 and TAM Receptors in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19-Associated Immunothrombosis

The vitamin K-dependent factors protein S (PROS1) and growth-arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6) and their tyrosine kinase receptors TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK, the TAM subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), are key regulators of inflammation and vascular response to damage. TAM signaling, which has largely studied in the immune system and in cancer, has been involved in coagulation-related pathologies. Because of these established biological functions, the GAS6-PROS1/TAM system is postulated to play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and progression complications. The participation of the TAM system in vascular function and pathology has been previously reported. However, in the context of COVID-19, the role of TAMs could provide new clues in virus-host interplay with important consequences in the way that we understand this pathology. From the viral mimicry used by SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells, to the immunothrombosis that is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients, TAM signaling seems to be involved at different stages of the disease. TAM targeting is becoming an interesting biomedical strategy, which is useful for COVID-19 treatment now, but also for other viral and inflammatory diseases in the future.
Association of Albuminuria Levels With the Prescription of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Multiple clinical guidelines recommend an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) in patients with elevated albuminuria, which can be measured through urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), protein-to-creatinine ratio, or dipstick. However, how albuminuria test results relate to the prescription of ACE inhibitor/ARB is uncertain. We identified individuals with an ACR measurement between January 1, 2004, and June 30, 2018, and no contraindications or allergy to ACE inhibitor/ARB. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association between ACR level and prescription of ACE inhibitor/ARB within 6 months after the test. We applied similar methods to investigate the association of protein-to-creatinine ratio and dipstick measurement results with the prescription of ACE inhibitor/ARB. Among 67 237 individuals with an ACR measurement, 47.7% were already taking an ACE inhibitor or ARB at the time of first ACR measurement. Among the 35 138 individuals who were not on ACE inhibitor/ARB, those with higher ACR levels were more likely to be prescribed ACE inhibitor/ARB in the following 6 months, with steep increases in prescriptions until ACR 300 mg/g, after which the association plateaued. The majority (80.9%) of ACE inhibitor/ARB prescriptions were made by family medicine and internal medicine. A similar pattern held in the cohorts tested by protein-to-creatinine ratio and dipstick measurement. Our study provides evidence that albuminuria test results change patient care, suggesting that adherence to albuminuria testing is a key step in optimal medical management.
Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function

Abstract Based on clinical findings, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has traditionally been defined as a retinal microvasculopathy. Retinal neuronal dysfunction is now recognized as an early event in the diabetic retina before development of overt DR. While detrimental effects of diabetes on the survival and function of inner retinal cells, such as retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells, are widely recognized, evidence that photoreceptors in the outer retina undergo early alterations in diabetes has emerged more recently. We review data from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating a conserved reduction of electrophysiological function in diabetic retinas, as well as evidence for photoreceptor loss. Complementing in vivo studies, we discuss the ex vivo electroretinography technique as a useful method to investigate photoreceptor function in isolated retinas from diabetic animal models. Finally, we consider the possibility that early photoreceptor pathology contributes to the progression of DR, and discuss possible mechanisms of photoreceptor damage in the diabetic retina, such as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory factors whose detrimental effects may be augmented by phototransduction.
The relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte, monocyte/ /lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte ratios and clinical outcomes after ninety days in patients who were diagnosed as having acute ischemic stroke in the emergency room and underwent a mechanical thro.

AIM To determine whether there was a relationship between the neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte//lymphocyte (MLR), and the platelet/lymphocyte ratios (PLR) measured in blood samples taken at admission and clinical outcomes (CO) on the 90th day in patients, who were diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the emergency department (ED) and underwent a mechanical thrombectomy (MT). METHOD Patients aged ≥ 18 years, who were diagnosed as AIS in the ED and underwent MT were included in the study. Patients, who received diagnostic codes of "Cerebrovascular Diseases" (CVD) according to the ICD-10 diagnostic codes were identified. One hundred fifty patients were enrolled in the study. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was used to determine neurologic status on the 90th day. The patients were divided into the two groups: good and poor CO (mRS 0-2 and mRS 3-6, respectively). The groups were compared in terms of age, sex, and NIHSS, ASPECT, and mRS scores. RESULTS The rates of successful recanalization and good CO were 81.3 % and 38.7 %, respectively. The mortality rate was 22 %. The recanalization rates in the good and poor CO groups were 100 % and 69.6 %,respectively. Recanalization was achieved in 73.6 % of those with hyperlipidaemia and 88.5 % of those without hyperlipidaemia, which was statistically significant (p = 0.034). We observed a statistically significant relationship between the clinical outcome and NLR, MLR, PLR (p < 0.05). As the result of multivariate analysis, we found only NLR as an independent risk factor for poor CO (p = 0.043). There was also a statistically significant difference between mortality and NLR, PLR (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION We found that NLR, MLR, PLR values were associated with CO after 90 days; high rates were associated with poor CO and low rates were associated with good CO (Tab. 7, Ref. 38). Text in PDF www.elis. sk Keywords: acute ischemic stroke; neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio; platelet/ /lymphocyte ratio; thrombectomy.
International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis Position Statement: cell free (cf)DNA screening for Down syndrome in multiple pregnancies

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Victorian Clinical Genetics Services (VCGS), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina University of South Carolina SOM Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Reproductive Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Application of Probiotic Yeasts on Candida Species Associated Infection

Superficial and life-threatening invasive Candida infections are a major clinical challenge in hospitalized and immuno-compromised patients. Emerging drug-resistance among Candida species is exacerbated by the limited availability of antifungals and their associated side-effects. In the current review, we discuss the application of probiotic yeasts as a potential alternative/ combination therapy against Candida infections. Preclinical studies have identified several probiotic yeasts that effectively inhibit virulence of Candida species, including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida auris. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only probiotic yeast commercially available. In addition, clinical studies have further confirmed the in vitro and in vivo activity of the probiotic yeasts against Candida species. Probiotics use a variety of protective mechanisms, including posing a physical barrier, the ability to aggregate pathogens and render them avirulent. Secreted metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids effectively inhibit the adhesion and morphological transition of Candida species. Overall, the probiotic yeasts could be a promising effective alternative or combination therapy for Candida infections. Additional studies would bolster the application of probiotic yeasts.
Shock Index, Coronary Perfusion Pressure, and Rate Pressure Product As Predictors of Adverse Outcome After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether shock index, coronary perfusion pressure, or rate pressure product in the first 24 hours after congenital heart surgery are independent predictors of subsequent clinically significant adverse outcomes. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary care center. PATIENTS All patients less than 18 years old who underwent cardiac surgery at Boston Children's Hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure), coronary perfusion pressure (diastolic blood pressure-right atrial pressure), and rate pressure product (heart rate × systolic blood pressure) were calculated every 5 seconds, and the median value for the first 24 hours of cardiac ICU admission for each was used as a predictor. The composite, primary outcome was the occurrence of any of the following adverse events in the first 7 days following cardiac ICU admission: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical circulatory support, unplanned surgery, heart transplant, or death. The association of each variable of interest with this outcome was tested in a multivariate logistic regression model. Of the 4,161 patients included, 296 (7%) met the outcome within the specified timeframe. In a multivariate regression model adjusted for age, surgical complexity, inotropic and respiratory support, and organ dysfunction, shock index greater than 1.83 was significantly associated with the primary outcome (odds ratio, 6.6; 95% CI, 4.4-10.0), and coronary perfusion pressure greater than 35 mm Hg was protective against the outcome (odds ratio, 0.5; 0.4-0.7). Rate pressure product was not found to be associated with the outcome. However, the predictive ability of the shock index and coronary perfusion pressure models were not superior to their component hemodynamic variables alone. CONCLUSIONS Both shock index and coronary perfusion pressure may offer predictive value for adverse outcomes following cardiac surgery in children, although they are not superior to the primary hemodynamic variables.
The role of the healthcare surface environment in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and potential control measures

Abstract The healthcare environment serves as one of the possible routes of transmission of epidemiologically important pathogens, but the role of the contaminated environment on SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains unclear. We reviewed survival, contamination, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via environmental surfaces and shared medical devices as well as environmental disinfection of COVID-19 in healthcare settings. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, have been demonstrated to survive for hours to days on environmental surfaces depending on experimental conditions. The healthcare environment is frequently contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA in most studies but without evidence of viable virus. Although direct exposure to respiratory droplets is the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2, the contaminated healthcare environment can potentially result in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as described with other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. It is important to improve thoroughness of cleaning/disinfection practice in healthcare facilities and select effective disinfectants to decontaminate inanimate surfaces and shared patient care items.
Dry-fog Aeroponics Affects the Root Growth of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Greenspan) by Changing the Flow Rate of Spray Fertigation

The growth characteristics and physiological activities of leaves and roots of lettuce cultivated in dry-fog aeroponics with different flow rates of nutrient dry-fog (FL, 1.0 m s (cid:4) 1 ; NF, 0.1 m s (cid:4) 1 ) were investigated under a controlled environment for two weeks and compared to lettuce cultivated using deep-flow technique (DFT). The growth of leaves of FL and DFT was not different and was significantly higher than that of NF. The amount of dry-fog particles adhering to the objects was higher in FL than in NF, so that the root growth in NF was significantly higher than that of FL. The respiration rate of roots was significantly higher in dry-fog aeroponics, but the dehydrogenase activity in the roots was significantly higher in DFT. There were no differences in the contents of chlorophyll and total soluble protein in the leaves or the specific leaf area. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were higher in dry-fog aeroponics. The contents of nitrate nitrogen, phosphate and potassium ions in the leaves were significantly higher in DFT, but the content of calcium ions was significantly higher in FL. Thus, changing the flow rate of the dry-fog in the rhizosphere can affect the growth and physiological activities of leaves and roots.
Sensory Processing, Functional Performance and Quality of Life in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The study of children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) has traditionally focused on motor aspects. The extent to which sensory processing disorders can affect their functional performance and quality of life (QoL) is uncertain. This study aimed to explore the differences in sensory processing between UCP and typical development (TD) children and to analyze the relationship of sensory processing with functional performance and QoL. Methods: Fifty-three children aged from 6 to 15 years (TD = 24; UCP = 29) were recruited. The Child Sensory Profile 2, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptive Test and Kidscreen were used to evaluate sensory processing, functional performance and QoL. Results: UCP children showed sensory processing difficulties (avoidance: p = 0.02; registration: p = 0.00; body position: p = 0.00; oral: p = 0.02; social-emotional: p = 0.01), and scored lower in functional performance (daily activities: p = 0.00; mobility: p = 0.00; social/cognitive: p = 0.04) and in physical well-being (p = 0.00). The highest correlations in UCP group were found between proprioceptive processing and daily activities and mobility (r = −0.39); auditory, visual and tactile information and school environment (r = −0.63; r = −0.51; r = −0.46); behavioral and social-emotional responses and psychological well-being (r = −0.64; r = −0.49). Conclusions: UCP children have greater difficulty in sensory processing than TD children. Difficulties in proprioceptive processing contribute to poorer functional performance. Auditory, visual and tactile processing is associated with participation in the school environment and behavioral and social-emotional responses related to sensory processing are associated with the psychological well-being.
Identifying Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2 Double Knockouts in Reproduction and Placentation: A Descriptive Study

The placenta undergoes reconstruction at different times during fetal development to supply oxygen and nutrients required throughout pregnancy. To accommodate the rapid growth of the fetus, small spiral arteries undergo remodeling in the placenta. This remodeling includes apoptosis of endothelial cells that line spiral arteries, which are replaced by trophoblasts of fetal origin. Removal of dead cells is critical during this process. Stabilin-1 (Stab1) and stabilin-2 (Stab2) are important receptors expressed on scavenger cells that absorb and degrade apoptotic cells, and Stab1 is expressed in specific cells of the placenta. However, the role of Stab1 and Stab2 in placental development and maintenance remain unclear. In this study, we assessed Stab1 and Stab2 expression in the placenta and examined the reproductive capacity and placental development using a double-knockout mouse strain lacking both Stab1 and Stab2 (Stab1/2 dKO mice). Most pregnant Stab1/2 dKO female mice did not produce offspring and exhibited placental defects, including decidual hemorrhage and necrosis. Findings of this study offer the first description of the phenotypic characteristics of placentas and embryos of Stab1/2 dKO females during pregnancy, suggesting that Stab1 and Stab2 are involved in placental development and maintenance.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum utilizes host-derived copper for ROS detoxification and infection

Necrotrophic plant pathogen induces host reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which leads to necrosis in the host, allowing the pathogen to absorb nutrients from the dead tissues. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a typical necrotrophic pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot in more than 400 species, resulting in serious economic losses. Here, we found that three S. sclerotiorum genes involved in copper ion import/transport, SsCTR1, SsCCS and SsATX1, were significantly up-regulated during infection of Brassica oleracea. Function analysis revealed that these genes involved in fungal ROS detoxification and virulence. On the host side, four genes putatively involved in copper ion homeostasis, BolCCS, BolCCH, BolMT2A and BolDRT112, were significantly down-regulated in susceptible B. oleracea, but stably expressed in resistant B. oleracea during infection. Their homologs were found to promote resistance to S. sclerotiorum and increase antioxidant activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, copper concentration analysis indicated that copper flow from healthy area into the necrotic area during infection. A model was proposed that S. sclerotiorum utilizes host copper to detoxify ROS in its cells, whereas the resistant hosts may restrict the supply of essential copper nutrients to S. sclerotiorum by maintaining copper ion homeostasis during infection.