Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of habitat management on the species, phylogenetic and functional diversity of bees are modified by the environmental context

Abstract Anthropogenic landscape elements, such as roadsides, hedgerows, field edges, and power line clearings, can be managed to provide important habitats for wild bees. However, the effects of habitat improvement schemes in power line clearings on components of diversity are poorly studied. We conducted a large‐scale experiment to test the effects of different management practices on the species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of wild bees in power line clearings (n = 19 sites across southeastern Norway) and explored whether any treatment effects were modified by the environmental context. At each site, we conducted the following treatments: (1) Cut: all trees cut and left to decay in the clearing; (2) Cut + Remove: all trees cut and removed from the plot; and (3) Uncut: uncleared. The site‐specific environmental context (i.e., elevation and floral diversity) influenced the species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity within bee species assemblages. The largest number of species was found in the Cut + Remove treatment in plots with a high forb species richness, indicating that the outcome of management practices depends on the environmental context. Clearing of treatment plots with many forb species also appeared to alter the phylogenetic composition of bee species assemblages, that is, more closely related species were found in the Cut and the Cut + Remove plots than in the Uncut plots. Synthesis and applications: Our experimental simulation of management practices in power line clearings influenced the species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of bee species assemblages. Frequent clearing and removal of the woody debris at low elevations with a high forb species richness can increase the value of power line clearings for solitary bees. It is therefore important for managers to consider the environmental context when designing habitat improvement schemes for solitary bees.
Is laryngeal preservation (LP) with induction chemotherapy (ICT) safe in the treatment of hypopharyngeal SCC? Final results of the phase III EORTC 24891 trial.

5531 Background: In 1986, the EORTC HNCCG initiated a randomized phase III trial to assess whether LP using ICT followed by radiation therapy (XRT) was as safe as the conventional treatment: total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy (TLP), radical neck dissection (RND) and postop XRT. Preliminary results were published in 1996; this updated analysis has been carried with a median follow-up of 10 years. METHODS 202 patients (pts) candidates for TLP + RND + XRT were randomly assigned to receive in the surgery arm (arm 1) this treatment or in the ICT arm (arm 2) up to 3 cycles of CDDP (100mg/m2 day 1) and 5FU (1000 mg/m2 days 1-5) followed in case of complete response by XRT or by TPL + RND + XRT in the other cases. The endpoints were survival (OS and PFS) and LP defined as a functional larynx free of disease (larynx in place without tracheotomy, feeding tube or gastrostomy, and without evidence of local disease). RESULTS this final analysis was carried out on 194 eligible pts (arm 1: 94, arm 2: 100). There were 92 males (98%) in arm 1 and 94 (94%) in arm 2. Stage II, III and IV respectively numbered 6, 51 and 37 in arm 1 and 7, 59 and 34 in arm 2. Postop courses and quality of surgical resections did not differ between both arms (ie. initial surgery in arm 1or surgery after ICT in arm 2) as well as tolerance to XRTwhatever its schedule. Ultimate disease control, including successful salvage surgeries after XRT, was not significantly different between both arms. As of December 2003, 14 % of pts in arm 1 and 17 % of pts in arm 2 were still alive. The hypopharynx SCC evolution was the cause of death in 43 pts in arm 1 and in 41 pts in arm 2. The 5-yr.OS was 33 % in arm 1 and 38 % in arm 2, the 10-yr. OS was respectively 14 % and 13 %. The 5-yr. PFS was 26 % in arm 1 and 32 % in arm 2, the 10-yr. PFS was respectively 8.5 % and 11 %. In arm 2 survival with a functional larynx in place was 22 % at 5 years and 9 % at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS this final analysis has confirmed the preliminary results. This LP strategy provided similar survival curves as compared with conventional treatment and allowed 2/3 of the survivors to retain their larynx. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Lactation curves of Sarda breed goats estimated with test day models

Test day records of milk yield (38765), fat and protein contents (11357) of Sarda goats (the most numerous Italian goat breed) were analysed with mixed linear models in order to estimate the effects of test date (month and year of kidding for fat and protein contents) parity, number of kids born, altitude of location of flocks (<200 m asl, 200–500 m asl, >500 m asl), flocks within altitude and lactation stage (eight days-in-milk intervals of 30 d each) on milk production. All factors considered in the models affected milk traits significantly. Milk yield was lower in first parity goats than in higher parities whereas fat and protein contents showed an opposite trend. Goats with two kids at parturition had a higher milk yield than goats with one kid and tended to have lower fat and protein percentages. Repeatability between test days within lactation was 0·34, 0·17 and 0·45 for milk yield, fat content and protein content, respectively. Lactation curves of goats farmed at different altitudes were clearly separated, especially for milk yield. Results of the present study highlight differences in milk production traits among the three subpopulations that have been previously identified within the Sarda breed on the basis of the morphological structure of animals and altitude of location of flocks.
Metastatic breast carcinoma in pleural fluid: Correlation of receptor and HER2 status with the primary carcinoma—a pilot study

Documenting the four molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma is significant as they determine response to therapy, disease free interval and survival. Our aim was to document the subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2): namely ER + PR+ HER2+; ER + PR + HER2−; ER−PR−HER2+; and ER−PR−HER2− in metastatic breast carcinoma in pleural fluid and compare them with their expression in the primary breast tumor.
Effects of commonly used benzodiazepines on the fetus, the neonate, and the nursing infant.

OBJECTIVE Despite the widespread use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy and lactation, little information is available about their effect on the developing fetus and on nursing infants. The authors review what is currently known about the effects of benzodiazepine therapy on the fetus and on nursing infants. METHODS A MEDLINE search of the literature between 1966 and 2000 was conducted with the terms "benzodiazepines," "diazepam," "chlordiazepoxide," "clonazepam," "lorazepam," "alprazolam," "pregnancy," "lactation," "fetus," and "neonates. " RESULTS Currently available information is insufficient to determine whether the potential benefits of benzodiazepines to the mother outweigh the risks to the fetus. The therapeutic value of a given drug must be weighed against theoretical adverse effects on the fetus before and after birth. The available literature suggests that it is safe to take diazepam during pregnancy but not during lactation because it can cause lethargy, sedation, and weight loss in infants. The use of chlordiazepoxide during pregnancy and lactation seems to be safe. Avoidance of alprazolam during pregnancy and lactation would be prudent. To avoid the potential risk of congenital defects, physicians should use the benzodiazepines that have long safety records and should prescribe a benzodiazepine as monotherapy at the lowest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration. High peak concentrations should be avoided by dividing the daily dosage into two or three doses. CONCLUSIONS Minimizing the risks of benzodiazepine therapy among pregnant or lactating women involves using drugs that have established safety records at the lowest dosage for the shortest possible duration, avoiding use during the first trimester, and avoiding multidrug regimens.
Fast rule representation for continuous attributes in genetics-based machine learning

Genetic-Based Machine Learning Systems (GBML) are comparable in accuracy with other learning methods. However, efficiency is a significant drawback. This paper presents a new representation for continuous attributes motivated by our previous work in large-scale Bioinformatics datasets, where we can observe that, very often, a very small fraction of the attributes of a domain are expressed at the same time in a rule. Automatically discovering these few key attributes and only keeping track of them contributes to a substantial speed up by avoiding useless match operations with irrelevant attributes, while potentially leading to a better learning process. The representation we propose has been tested within the BioHEL GBML system, and our experiments show that this representation has competent learning performance and reduces considerably the system run-time, up to 2-3 times faster than the state-of-the-art in fast GBML representations for datasets with hundreds of attributes.
Single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic inverter to control active and reactive power with battery energy storage device

This paper presents a Photovoltaic (PV) inverter along with a battery energy storage system connected in shunt with the grid. The objective of the proposed control system is to control both active and reactive power exchange between the grid and the load throughout the day, through a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Along with the reactive power compensation, it also provides current harmonic compensation to the connected load. A combined PV-battery arrangement is provided through a bi-directional DC-DC converter for uninterrupted power supply.
Optimal Designs for Generalized Linear Models

Both HK1 and HK2 deal with experiments in which the planned analysis is based on a linear model. Selecting designs for such experiments remains a critically important problem. However, there are many problems for which a linear model may not be a great choice. For example, if the response is a binary variable or a count variable rather than a continuous measurement, a linear model may be quite inappropriate. Experiments with such response variables are quite common. For example, in an experiment to compare different dosages of a drug, the outcome may be success (the dosage worked for a particular patient) or failure (it did not work). A design would consist of selecting the different dosages to be used in the experiment and the number of patients to be assigned to the selected dosages. How can one identify a good design for such a problem in which a linear model for the binary response is simply inadequate? Another feature of the example in the previous paragraph is that the purpose of the experiment is not to compare different treatments, but to understand the relationship between the response and the dosage of the drug. Most of the chapters in HK1 and HK2 are devoted to comparative experiments in which various treatments are to be compared to each other. Typically, each treatment is associated with a treatment effect, and the
Common Factors Associated with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Young Patients Requiring Total Hip Arthroplasty

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a pathologic condition that commonly affects young patients and requires treatment with total hip arthroplasty (THA). The most common factors associated with osteonecrosis in young patients have not been previously described in the literature. A retrospective study was conducted to describe the most common factors associated with osteonecrosis in patients aged 35 or younger requiring a primary THA. This study included 235 patients and found that the most common factor associated with osteonecrosis was corticosteroid use (61%), followed by idiopathic causes (11%), trauma (9%), other causes (8%), haemoglobinopathies (7%), and alcoholism (3%). There was no significant difference in age between risk groups (p-value = 0.35), however there were significant differences in sex (p-value = 0.02) and unilateral versus bilateral surgery (p-value<0.01). Several factors are associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in young patients, and these factors should be given consideration in determining disease aetiology and counselling patients.
Annexin A 2 mediates apical trafficking of renal Na ( + )-K ( + )-2 Cl (-)-cotransporter

This research was originally published in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Dathe, C. and Daigeler, A.L. and Seifert, W. and Jankowski, V. and Mrowka, R. and Kalis, R. and Wanker, E. and Mutig, K. and Bachmann, S. and Paliege, A. Annexin A2 mediates apical trafficking of renal Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl (-)-cotransporter. J Biol Chem. 2014; 289: 9983-9997. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Anticipating and managing postoperative delirium and cognitive decline in adults

The brain is vulnerable during the perioperative period in people of all ages. Neurobehavioural disturbances are common complications of perioperative care, manifesting in three distinct forms: emergence delirium, postoperative delirium, and postoperative cognitive decline. Delirium is defined by the presence of disturbed consciousness (reduced clarity of awareness of the environment with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention) and a change in cognition (such as memory deficit, disorientation, or language disturbance) or the development of a perceptual disturbance that is not better accounted for by a pre-existing, established, or evolving dementia. Emergence delirium occurs on emergence from anaesthesia and sedation, with no lucid interval, and lasts approximately 30 minutes. Postoperative delirium lasts hours or longer, with or without lucid intervals. Postoperative cognitive decline refers to a more subtle cognitive impairment noted on neuropsychological tests that typically assess attention and memory. Postoperative delirium is the most severe of the three disorders, tantamount to an acute brain failure, and should be considered akin to other postoperative organ failures. We review delirium and long term cognitive decline associated with perioperative care in adults and discuss potential mechanisms and preventive/intervention strategies in light of recent randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses, and prospective cohort studies. #### Sources and selection criteria Each author had previously conducted a search of published work. In addition a formal Medline search was undertaken in March 2011 with keywords “delirium”, “hip”, and “fracture” to provide data for the figure. Studies were identified by RDS and selected based on published criteria for meta-analysis10 by Nina Frasen. Joost Witlox and Pim Van Gool analysed the data and kindly provided the figure. Young adults seem particularly vulnerable to emergence delirium, whereas in older patients (over 60) postoperative delirium, and its subsequent sequelae, are more common. Three large cohort studies have shown that emergence delirium occurs in about 5-21% …
FDTD Simulation of a Horizontal Grounding Electrode and Modeling of its Equivalent Circuit

Transient responses of a horizontal grounding electrode in three different arrangements of a current lead wire and a voltage reference wire are calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwell's equations. The test arrangement does not significantly influence the transient response of the horizontal grounding electrode. The transient response calculated using the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) for Sunde's equivalent circuit agrees reasonably well with the corresponding response calculated using the FDTD method, except for the initial rising portion of the voltage at the close end (to the excitation point) of the horizontal grounding electrode. The EMTP-calculated response for an equivalent circuit, modified to improve this discrepancy, agrees better with the corresponding FDTD-calculated response
A new rough set theory: rough soft hemirings

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of a rough soft hemiring, which is an extended notion of a rough hemiring and a soft hemiring. We study roughness in soft hemirings with respect to Pawlak approximation spaces. Some new rough soft operations are explored. In particular, lower and upper rough soft hemirings and k-idealistic, h-idealistic, strong h-idealistic idealistic soft hemirings are investigated. Finally, an important result on an upper strong h-idealistic rough soft hemiring via Bourne's congruence relations are obtained.
Staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom, 1969–90

SUMMARY Between 1969 and 1990 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from 359 outbreaks and sporadic cases of staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom were examined in the PHLS Food Hygiene Laboratory for the production of enterotoxin. In a number of instances the incriminated foods were also examined for the presence of enterotoxin. Strains from 79% of incidents produced enterotoxin A alone or together with another enterotoxin. The level of S. aureus present in the foods ranged from no viable S. aureus detected to 1.5 × 1010 c.f. u. /g with a median of 3.0 × 107 c.f. u. /g. Enterotoxin was detected in foods in the absence of viable S. aureus in only two outbreaks and in both cheese was the implicated food. Meat. poultry or their products were the vehicle in 75% of incidents with ham and chicken most frequently implicated. Other foods included fish and shellfish (7%) and milk and milk products (8%). Most contamination took place in the home followed by restaurants and shops. Seventy-one percent of the incident strains were lysed by phages of group III or I/III.
Disparate dysfunction of skeletal muscles located near and distant from burn site in the rat

This study tested the hypotheses that burn‐induced change in muscle function varies at sites local and distant from burn and is related to changes in expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and muscle mass. In anesthetized rats, ∼4% burn was inflicted over the tibialis anterior muscle of one limb. The contralateral leg served as control. In another study, a ∼45% body surface area burn was produced on the trunk; controls were body sham‐burned rats. The evoked twitch tensions of tibialis anterior muscles in both legs were measured together with AChR proteins and their transcripts. Compared with the contralateral leg, absolute tensions in the burned leg declined at days 1, 4, and 7 without loss of muscle mass so that tension per unit wet muscle mass (specific tension) decreased; at day 14, the tension decreased with muscle atrophy so that specific tension was unchanged. Membrane AChRs and/or the immature subunit transcript, AChRγ messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) increased at days 4, 7, and 14, and both were inversely related to evoked tension (r = .43, P < .01 and r = .61, P < .0001, respectively). There was a direct correlation between AChR and AChRγ mRNA (r = .82, P < .001), suggesting that the upregulated AChRs may contain the immature γ‐subunit isoform. After ∼45% body burn, AChRs and mRNA did not change and the evoked tensions did not decline, but there was relative loss of muscle mass at days 7 and 14 so that specific tension increased. Burn trauma initially causes weakness of muscles directly under the burn, and this weakness may be partially related to increased expression of immature AChRs and later to muscle atrophy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1283–1294, 2001
Heme Insertion, Assembly, and Activation of Apo-neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase in Vitro *

It has been established that in the case of inducible NO synthase (NOS), a functionally active homodimer is assembled from the heme-deficient monomeric apo-NOS in vitro by the addition of heme, whereas the heme-deficient neuronal isoform (apo-nNOS) is at best only partially activated. In the current study we have discovered that reactive oxygen species, which can be removed by the addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase, destroy the heme and limit the activation of apo-nNOS in vitro. With the use of these improved conditions, we show for the first time that heme insertion is a rapid process that results in formation of a heme-bound monomeric nNOS that is able to form the ferrous-CO P450 complex but is unable to synthesize NO. A slow process requiring more than 90 min is required for dimerization and activation of this P450 intermediate to give an enzyme with a specific activity of approximately 1100 nmol of NO formed/min/mg of protein, similar to that of the native enzyme. Interestingly, the dimer is not SDS-resistant and is not the same dimer that forms in vivo. These studies indicate at least two intermediates in the assembly of nNOS and advance our understanding of the regulation of nNOS.
Factors Influencing Live Customer Support Chat Services: An Empirical Investigation in Kuwait

This study investigates factors influencing live customer support chat services in Kuwait. Live Customer Support Chat represents a newly implemented type of customer service in E-commerce websites. Live Support Chat allows online agents through company's websites to answer customer questions, complaints, and concerns on the spot through a live chat session, which bypasses the traditional e-mail and web forms. The theoretical framework used in this study is based on the well-established Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. The study tries to validate these theoretical frameworks in the context of Live Customer Support Chat to see if they can be equally applied to the E-commerce enlivenment as in the other technology fields. Using a sample of 324 respondents, the hierarchical regression revealed that factors such as usefulness, ease of use and attitude have a significant influence on customers' intention to use Live Customer Support Char services. Our model explains around 31% for the variance in customers' intention to use Live Customer Support Chat.
Post traumatic stress disorder: will the future be different from the past?

Gli effetti prodotti dall'esposizione ad uno o piii eventi traumatici sono tuttora fonte di numerosi interrogativi irrisolti, sia dal punto di vista teorico die da quello piii direttamente clinico, anche perche essi, per lungo tempo, non sono stati studiati in maniera omogenea e scientificamente coerente. Negli ultimi vent'anni, tuttavia, gli interessi sia di ricerca che clinici in quest'area si sono rapidamente accresciuti, dando il via ad indagini fruttuose ed a cambiamenti significativi nella pratica clinica. Va anche detto che periodi di forte interesse verso questo tema si erano gia resi visibili alia fine del secolo scorso: ad esempio, Seguin, in un lavoro pubblicato nel 1890, aveva gia sottolineato come lo studio dei traumi psicologici e delle loro conseguenze avesse conseguito un'ampia risonanza sia in Europa che in Nord America. A parere di questo autore, sin da allora il termine «nevrosi traumatica» avrebbe dovuto sostituire tutta l'ampia gamma di denominazioni usate con riferimento allo stesso tipo di disturbo, come «isteria», «nevrosi di compensazione», «concussione», ecc. Cionondimeno, ci sono voluti ben 90 anni affinche questo suggerimento venisse accolto, trovando spa-