Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal recovery point insertion for high-level synthesis of recoverable microarchitectures

The paper considers the problem of automatic insertion of recovery points in recoverable microarchitectures. Previous work on this problem provided heuristic algorithms that attempted either to minimize computation time with a bounded hardware overhead or to minimize hardware overhead with a bounded computation time. We present efficient algorithms that provide provably optimal solutions for both of these formulations of the problem. These algorithms take as their input a scheduled control-data flow graph describing the behavior of the system and they output either a minimum-time or a minimum-cost set of recovery point locations. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms using some well-known benchmark control-data flow graphs. Over all parameter values for each of these benchmarks, our optimal algorithms are shown to perform as well as, and in many cases better than, the previously proposed heuristics. <<ETX>>
Fault tolerance via N-modular software redundancy

Presents a novel method of "indirect" software instrumentation to achieve fault tolerance at the application level. Error detection and recovery are based on the well-known approach of replicating application processes on multiple computers in a network. The advantages of this fault tolerance scheme based on indirect instrumentation include: (1) a general error detection method that ensures data integrity for critical data without the need for any modification of the code, (2) a high degree of automation and transparency for fault-tolerant configuration and operation (i.e. the set-up time for a new application is on the order of a few minutes), and (3) the ability to perform error detection for applications for which no source code or only minimal knowledge of the code is available, including legacy applications. The types of faults that are tolerated include transient and permanent hardware faults on a single machine and certain types of application and operating system software faults.
Domestic Violence and Contraceptive Use in a Rural Indian Village

This study uses qualitative methods to examine how domestic violence affects the use of contraceptives by women in a rural village in India. The study highlights how multilevel factors are linked to a woman's ability to contracept and make fertility decisions in a context where being a wife implies obedience, limited mobility, sexual availability, and high fertility. The authors find that violence is normalized, or considered acceptable, if women do not adhere to expected gender roles. Although women's ability to make autonomous decisions is shown to be limited, the study explores covert strategies used to avoid pregnancy, which also tend to increase women's risk of experiencing domestic violence.
Frequency and Perceived Effectiveness of Strategies to Survive Abuse Employed by Battered Mexican-Origin Women

This study documented the frequency and perceived effectiveness of battered Mexican-origin women's usage of formal and informal help and personal strategies to survive abuse. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 75 battered Mexican-origin women. Consistent with survivor theory, results indicated that participants sought help multiple times from several formal and informal help sources; some (i.e., shelter, family) were perceived more effective than others (i.e., lawyer, in-laws). Participants engaged in various personal strategies to survive abuse; some (i.e., using faith/religion) were rated more effective than others (i.e., placating the batterer). Responses to open-ended questions suggest why specific help sources and strategies were/were not effective and provide socioculturally specific suggestions for improving services. This study illuminates battered Mexican-origin women's strengths and barriers that impede their survival efforts. Contributions include focusing on a subset of battered Latinas and documenting the frequency and perceived effectiveness of a wide array of help sources and strategies.
Developing Teen Dating Violence Prevention Strategies

Intimate partner violence (IPV) peaks in youth and young adulthood and is associated with multiple adolescent risk behaviors and negative health outcomes. Targeting youth with prevention messages before they start dating may avert teen dating violence and subsequent adult IPV. This article discusses findings from focus groups with middle school youth to determine behaviors and beliefs regarding dating violence. To develop effective prevention messages, participants were asked questions about characteristics of middle school dating relationships, healthy relationships, relationship norms, unhealthy relationships, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, intervening in violent situations, and trusted sources for information about dating violence. The recommendations for prevention efforts include an emphasis on skill building, tailoring efforts for particular subgroups, and identifying innovative ways of reaching youth.
The logical inferences in possibility theory based on the concept of upper (lower) probability

The problems of logical inferences in the set of fuzzy axioms are discussed in the paper. It is shown that the known methods of combining possibility distributions are not valid in a view of the probability theory. It allows us to investigate other approaches based on the concept of upper and lower probabilities induced by impression and contradiction of real data.
Molecular Cloning of Mouse FK-506 Binding Protein 12.6 Gene and Its Biological Function and Expression Patterns in the Various Models of Heart Disease

Background and Objectives:The FK-506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) regulates intracellular Ca release by stabilizing the Ca-induced Ca-release channel (ryanodine receptor) in skeletal muscle. It has been reently shown that a different FKBP, FKBP12.6, is specifically associated with cardiac ryanodine receptor. Since the role of FKBP12.6 in excitation-contraction coupling in the cardiac muscle has not been precisely determined, its biological function was assessed and expression patterns of FKBP12.6 were evaluated in the various models of heart disease. Materials and Method:The mouse (m) FKBP12.6 gene was cloned and characterized after screening a mouse genomic DNA library using a mFKBP12.6 cDNA obtained through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Expression levels of mFKBP12.6 was evaluated during cardiac development and in the models of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Results:Both mFKBP12.6 and mFKBP12 contain an open reading frame of 327 nucleotides encoding 108 amino acids. Comparison of mFKBP12.6 cDNA to rat FKBP12.6, human FKBP12.6 and mFKBP12 cDNA revealed 95%, 94% and 74% identity in nucleotide sequence and 98%, 97% and 80% identity in amino acid sequence, respectively. Purified recombinant mFKBP 12.6 migrated slower than either mFKBP12 or human FKBP12 on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel, despite having the same number of amino acids and a slightly lower calculated molecular mass. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 to be highest in brain. While the expression of FKBP12 was much stronger in adult than in embryonic hearts, it was further increased following pressure overload hypertrophy. FKBP12.6 mRNA expression analyzed by RNase protection assay was upregulated after induction of cardiac hypertrophy like FKBP12, whereas it was decreased in the failing heart. The mFKBP12.6 gene contains 5 exons and the proteincoding region of the gene was divided into 4 exon modules. Conclusion:We report the molecular cloning and characterization of the mouse FKBP12.6 gene. According to these results, FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 may play a role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and transition to heart failure. To precisely determine the role of FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 in the heart, a strategy using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells to conditionally ablate exon 2 of mFKBP12.6 gene has been developed and initial characterization is now underway. (Korean Circulation J 2001;31(7):711-721)
Activated lymph node T cells for systemic adoptive immunotherapy of malignant glioma

Ten patients with progressive primary or recurrent malignant glioma received systemic adoptive immunotherapy to determine the feasibility, toxicity, and potential therapeutic benefits of this treatment. Adoptive immunotherapy, the transfer of immune T lymphocytes, is capable of mediating the regression of experimental brain tumors in animal models. A rich source of tumor-immune T cells are lymph nodes (LNs) draining the tumor vaccine site. In this clinical study, patients were inoculated intradermally with irradiated autologous tumor cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor as an adjuvant. Cells from draining inguinal LNs, surgically resected 7 days after vaccination, were stimulated sequentially with staphylococcal enterotoxin A and anti-CD3, and a low dose of interleukin-2 (60 IU/ml) was used to expand the stimulated cells. The maximum cell proliferation was 350-fold over 10 days of culture. The activated cells were virtually all T cells consisting of various proportions of CD4 and CD8.
Autonomous vehicles: No driver…no regulation?

Driverless cars are on the road with no federal regulation, and the public is paying the price According to the latest statistics from the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 37,461 people were killed on the nation's roads in 2016 (1). Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has the potential to reduce this number substantially. However, proper safeguards must be established immediately by federal regulators to govern the testing and deployment of AVs and ensure public safety. We must not undermine current safety standards for the sake of AV development. Moreover, reconsidering current requirements may be necessary to take advantage of this revolution. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of respondents in a recent CARAVAN public opinion poll expressed concern about sharing the road with driverless cars (2). If commonsense protections are not in place to govern AV development, and problems occur, the public will reject AVs, and the opportunity this new technology presents to improve public safety will be lost.
PTMOracle: A Cytoscape App for Covisualizing and Coanalyzing Post-Translational Modifications in Protein Interaction Networks.

Post-translational modifications of proteins (PTMs) act as key regulators of protein activity and of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To date, it has been difficult to comprehensively explore functional links between PTMs and PPIs. To address this, we developed PTMOracle, a Cytoscape app for coanalyzing PTMs within PPI networks. PTMOracle also allows extensive data to be integrated and coanalyzed with PPI networks, allowing the role of domains, motifs, and disordered regions to be considered. For proteins of interest, or a whole proteome, PTMOracle can generate network visualizations to reveal complex PTM-associated relationships. This is assisted by OraclePainter for coloring proteins by modifications, OracleTools for network analytics, and OracleResults for exploring tabulated findings. To illustrate the use of PTMOracle, we investigate PTM-associated relationships and their role in PPIs in four case studies. In the yeast interactome and its rich set of PTMs, we construct and explore histone-associated and domain-domain interaction networks and show how integrative approaches can predict kinases involved in phosphodegrons. In the human interactome, a phosphotyrosine-associated network is analyzed but highlights the sparse nature of human PPI networks and lack of PTM-associated data. PTMOracle is open source and available at the Cytoscape app store: http://apps.cytoscape. org/apps/ptmoracle .
Standardized Patient Use Outside of Academic Medicine: Opportunities for Collaboration Between Medicine and Pharmacy

Background: Utilization of standardized patients (SPs)in academic medicine is well known, but little has been done with SPs in pharmaceutical education. We present a new application for SPs in pharmacy education, and discuss how resources, costs, and expertise may be shared between the two academic disciplines to maximize SP use. Description: We developed a " pharmacy Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)" used to evaluate clinical skills associated with pharmacy education and practice. The SPs in pharmacy were more standardized participants, because they could portray a physician, nurse, or patient. Program development, evaluation, and implementation was accomplished in conjunction with the college of medicine' s SP program. Evaluation: Comparable to academic medicine' s OSCE experience, interrater reliability data showed good to excellent agreement between raters and Cronbach' s coefficient alpha ranged between 0.54 and 0.79. Conclusions: This program represents another use of medical SPs tha.
Neuro-fuzzy controller for helicopter motion control

This paper presents a neuro-fuzzy controller to control a non-linear system such as the flight of a helicopter in the hover and forward flight mode positions. Hovering is a formidable stability problem, where helicopter pilots typically train for weeks before managing to do it manually. Hence automating this operation is in itself an impressive achievement. In this work, the neuro-fuzzy controller is based on the union of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and a general regression neural network (GRNN) for each control input of the helicopter. In the FLC's, the fuzzy inference used it is the Takagi and Sugeno type where the main difference to the other fuzzy inference types come from the specification of the consequent part. The GRNN provides estimates of continuous variables and is a one-pass learning algorithm with a highly parallel structure. Even with sparse data in a multidimensional measurement space, the algorithm provides smooth transitions from one observed value to another. A clustering algorithm was implemented to reduce the computation amount to obtain an estimate due to a large data gathered for training. The performance of the neuro-fuzzy controller is verified with simulation results.
What Types of Difficulties do Seniors Encounter When Using the Internet to Make Health Care Decisions?

The Internet is an important source of information for health-related topics and services. Currently, however, an age-related digital divide exists, especially for lower SES minority elderly. This study examined the ability of a sample of 40 community dwelling adults aged 50–85 yrs. to use the Internet to make choices related to Medicare services. Performance data included response time, accuracy, and search behavior (based on videotape recordings) and ratings of usability. Overall the data indicate that although most of the of participants were able to find the needed information many of them made errors, used inefficient search strategies, and encountered search problems. Furthermore, most of the sample indicated problems with usability and that they were frustrated interacting with the website. These findings are discussed in terms of recommendations for training and website design. The paper will also discuss how screen capture data can be used in the development of design guidelines.
095 Comparison of Collagen Nodules and Mast Cells Between Human Hypertrophic Scar and Thick Scar of the Female Red Duroc Pig

Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26 <. 05 Duroc Uninjured 5 18 ± 9 Human Hypertrophic 24–30 5 251 ± 139 <. 01 Human Uninjured 5 60 ± 24 Conclusion: Collagen nodules and increased numbers of mast cells are present in Duroc scar giving further validity to the female, red Duroc pig as an animal model of hypertrophic scarring.
Discriminative Tracking Using Tensor Pooling

How to effectively organize local descriptors to build a global representation has a critical impact on the performance of vision tasks. Recently, local sparse representation has been successfully applied to visual tracking, owing to its discriminative nature and robustness against local noise and partial occlusions. Local sparse codes computed with a template actually form a three-order tensor according to their original layout, although most existing pooling operators convert the codes to a vector by concatenating or computing statistics on them. We argue that, compared to pooling vectors, the tensor form could deliver more intrinsic structural information for the target appearance, and can also avoid high dimensionality learning problems suffered in concatenation-based pooling methods. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to represent target templates and candidates directly with sparse coding tensors, and build the appearance model by incrementally learning on these tensors. We propose a discriminative framework to further improve robustness of our method against drifting and environmental noise. Experiments on a recent comprehensive benchmark indicate that our method performs better than state-of-the-art trackers.
Evolutionary Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization: Benchmarks and Algorithm Comparisons

Dynamic multiobjective optimization (DMO) has received growing research interest in recent years since many real-world optimization problems appear to not only have multiple objectives that conflict with each other but also change over time. The time-varying characteristics of these DMO problems (DMOPs) pose new challenges to evolutionary algorithms. Considering the importance of a representative and diverse set of benchmark functions for DMO, in this paper, we propose a new benchmark generator that is able to tune a number of challenging characteristics, including mixed Pareto-optimal front (convexity-concavity), nonmonotonic and time-varying variable-linkages, mixed types of changes, and randomness in type change, which have rarely or not been considered or tested in the literature. A test suite of ten instances with different dynamic features is produced from the generator in this paper. Additionally, a few new performance measures are proposed to evaluate algorithms for DMOPs with different characteristics. Six representative multiobjective evolutionary algorithms from the literature are investigated based on the proposed DMO test suite and performance measures. The experimental results facilitate a better understanding of strengths and weaknesses of these compared algorithms for DMOPs.
Firearms Availability and Suicide

Case-control studies show an association between firearms in the home and completed suicide, with higher risks associated with loaded guns and handguns in the home. Quasi-experimental studies also show a relationship between greater restrictiveness of gun control laws and lower suicide rates by firearms and overall, although some studies fail to show an effect or show method substitution. A prospective study shows that handgun purchasers have an elevated risk for suicide for up to 6 years after the purchase. Relatively few studies have examined the impact of intervention to encourage families to store guns safely or remove firearms from the home on suicidal outcome.
Human thymoproteasome variations influence CD8 T cell selection

Genetic variations in antigen-peptide processing machinery influence T cell repertoire selection and susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Proteasome polymorphisms regulate T cell selection Activation of CD8 T cells relies on proteasome-processed peptide loading on to class I MHC; this is regulated by a thymus-specific proteasome subunit, β5t, in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) which promote positive selection of CD8 T cells. Here, Nitta et al. studied the effect of three human variants of β5t by engineering mice that express these isoforms. Expression of these variants resulted in a dose-dependent impairment in positive selection of CD8 T cells, suggesting that all three isoforms are loss-of-function mutations. They link one of the variants, β5t G49S to a higher risk of Sjögren’s syndrome. The studies suggest that by influencing T cell selection, genetic variations in proteasome genes can contribute to disease susceptibility. The proteasome is a multi-subunit protease complex essential for housekeeping protein degradation and the production of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-bound antigen peptides that are essential for recognition by CD8 T cells. MHC variations dramatically contribute to T cell selection and autoimmunity, but genetic variations of peptide processing machinery including proteasome genes have been poorly explored in this context. In the computational analysis of human proteasome gene variation, we documented that PSMB11 was highly enriched for nucleotide changes that interfere with protein function. This gene encodes β5t, a thymus-specific catalytic subunit that regulates positive selection of CD8 T cells by producing a distinct set of MHC class I-bound peptides. The introduction of PSMB11 variations into the mouse genome by genome-editing revealed that these variations impaired the development of CD8 T cells in vivo. One of the PSMB11 polymorphisms altered the CD8 T cell repertoire in mice and was associated with a higher risk of an autoimmune disease in humans. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the MHC haplotype, proteasome variations influence T cell repertoire selection and may contribute to the difference in individual susceptibility to autoimmunity.
Improvement on fuzzy-model-based stability criteria of nonlinear networked control systems

This paper is concerned with an improvement on fuzzy-model-based stability criteria of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) with time-varying transmission delays and transmission intervals. The real-time distribution of input delays is taken into account and modeled as a dependent and nonidentically distributed process, which leads to a randomly switched Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model with multiple input-delay subsystems for the nonlinear NCSs. Based on an improve-ed Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, which appropriately exploits the real-time distribution of input delays in estimating cross-product integral terms and the characteristics of T-S fuzzy model, new sufficient conditions are derived for the deterministic asymptotical stability of the overall systems. Numerical examples are presented to substantiate the effectiveness and advantage of our results.