Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Exchange with MapReduce: A First Cut

Data exchange is one of the oldest database problems, being of both practical and theoretical interest. Given the pace at which heterogeneous data are published on the web, thanks to initiatives such as Linked Data and Open Science, scalability of data exchange becomes crucial. Pivotal to data exchange is the chase algorithm, which is a fixpoint algorithm to evaluate both source-to-target constraints and target constraints in the data exchange process. In this paper, we investigate how new programming models such as MapReduce can be used to implement the chase on large-scale data sources. To the best of our knowledge, how to exchange data at scale has not been investigated so far. We present an initial solution for chasing source-to-target tuple generating dependencies and target tuple-generating dependencies, and discuss open issues that need to be addressed to leverage MapReduce for the data exchange problem.
Do complementary feeding practices predict the later risk of obesity?

Purpose of reviewObesity is a multifaceted public health problem, which should be addressed with an all-encompassing approach. Recent research has asked questions that link specific infant nutritional risks to childhood obesity. This article brings recent research in the area of complimentary feeding practices to light and summarizes the research on its consequent impact on obesity risk. Recent findingsThe article will discuss the current conflicting evidence on the relationship between the timing of introduction of complimentary foods and later obesity risk. It will summarize recent findings on the impact that complimentary feeding has on food preferences, growth and weight gain during the first year of life. SummaryIn industrialized countries complementary feeding has no major impact on obesity. However, there is some evidence that the age at introduction of complementary foods has some effect on growth in infancy and that effects might be more pronounced in formula-fed children. The focus of research should be shifted from the timing of the introduction of complementary feeding to the quality and quantity of foods being offered and their consequent impact on weight gain and obesity risk. More research should be conducted on the relationship of primary nutrition to appetite regulation, satiety and food acceptance.
Occupational Recovery After Open-Door Type Laminoplasty for Patients With Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Study Design. A cross-sectional survey of occupational recovery after surgery with patients who had ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Objectives. To evaluate occupational recovery after open-door type laminoplasty for patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Summary of Background Data. The literature contains numerous reports on the surgical results of laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, but very few reports are available on postoperative quality of life, and even fewer on occupational recovery after laminoplasty. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 301 patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine who were employed before open-door type laminoplasty. Presurgical occupations were classified into three categories: light sedentary labor, light standing labor, and heavy labor. High-rise workers and professional drivers were analyzed separately. The subjects were rated by occupational category for determining the occupational recovery ratio. Factors analyzed for impact on recovery were pre- and postsurgery severity of myelopathy, duration of myelopathy, age at surgery, gender, and type of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Results. Of the 301 patients studied, 160 (53%) returned to work. Poor recovery rates were observed for heavy labor, high-rise workers, and professional drivers. The period required for return to work did not significantly differ among occupational categories. Occupation, presurgery severity of myelopathy, and postsurgery severity of myelopathy were significantly correlated with occupational recovery. Conclusion. Patients’ occupations should be carefully considered when designing postsurgery occupational rehabilitation programs, and patients should receive postoperative advice regarding the suitability of occupation.
Ginger in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting: A Review

Nausea and vomiting are physiological processes experienced by every human being at some stage of their life. They are complex protective mechanisms and the symptoms are influenced by the emetogenic response and stimuli. However, when these symptoms recur frequently, they can significantly reduce the quality of life and can also be detrimental to health. The existing antiemetic agents are ineffective against certain stimuli, are expensive, and possess side effects. Herbal medicines have been shown to be effective antiemetics, and among the various plants studied, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, has been used as a broad-spectrum antiemetic in the various traditional systems of medicine for over 2000 years. Various preclinical and clinical studies have shown ginger to possess antiemetic effects against different emetogenic stimuli. However, conflicting reports especially in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and motion sickness prevent us from drawing any firm conclusion. The current review for the first time summarizes the results. An attempt is also made to address the lacunae in these published studies and emphasize aspects that need further investigations for it to be of use in clinics in the future.
Focal lesions of the corticospinal tract demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging in patients with diffuse axonal injury.

OBJECTIVES Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fiber tractography (FT) could be useful for exploration of the state of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the subcortical white matter level. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate focal lesions of the CST in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), using DTI with FT. DESIGN Two patients with DAI and six normal control subjects were recruited to this study. DTI was performed using 1.5-T with a synergy-L Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) head coil. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were measured using a region of interest (ROI) method. FTs were obtained with FA <0.3 and an angle change >45 degrees as termination criteria. RESULTS On the DTI with FT, the focal lesions, which could not observed using routine brain MRI, were detected in the left brainstem of patient 1 and in the right pons and the left and right medulla of patient 2. The patients showed significantly decreased FA values in the focal lesions compared to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS DTI with FT demonstrated focal lesions at the brainstem that had not been revealed by conventional brain MRI; these focal lesions explained the weaknesses of the patients. We conclude that DTI with FT may be a useful modality for use in investigating the status of CST in patients with DAI.
Might Flowers of Invasive Plants Increase Native Bee Carrying Capacity? Intimations From Capitol Reef National Park, Utah

Abstract We compared the native bees visiting the flowers of three species of invasive plants, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and white and yellow sweet clover (Melilotus albus, M. officinalis), with those visiting seven concurrently blooming native plant species in mid-summer at three sites in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Overall, as many total species of bees visited the flowers of the three invasive plant species as visited the seven natives. On average, invasive species were visited by twice as many bee species as were natives. With a single exception, visitors of invasives were generalist bees, rather than specialists. Colletes petalostemonis, the only native legume specialist recorded, was an abundant forager on the flowers of both species of Melilotus, demonstrating that at least some specialist bees will move to invasive plants that are closely related to their usual hosts. Species abundant on the flowers of invasives tended to collect both pollen and nectar, suggesting that bees are using pollen of Tamarix and Melilotus to provision their offspring. We argue that invasives with entomophilous flowers are unlikely to either facilitate the reproduction of uncommon native plants or consistently compete with them for pollinators. Rather, they are likely, over time, to selectively increase the carrying capacity and population size of native bees, specifically generalists, and specialists of closely related plant species.
Characterization of unusual families of ATG8-like proteins and ATG12 in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major

Leishmania major possesses, apparently uniquely, four families of ATG8-like genes, designated ATG8, ATG8A, ATG8B and ATG8C, and 25 genes in total. L. major ATG8 and examples from the ATG8A, ATG8B and ATG8C families are able to complement a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATG8-deficient strain, indicating functional conservation. Whereas ATG8 has been shown to form putative autophagosomes during differentiation and starvation of L. major, ATG8A primarily form puncta in response to starvation - suggesting a role for ATG8A in starvation-induced autophagy. Recombinant ATG8A was processed at the scissile glycine by recombinant ATG4.2 but not ATG4.1 cysteine peptidases of L. major and, consistent with this, ATG4.2-deficient L. major mutants were unable to process ATG8A and were less able to withstand starvation than wild type cells. GFP-ATG8-containing puncta were less abundant in ATG4.2 over-expression lines, in which unlipidated ATG8 predominated, which is consistent with ATG4.2 being an ATG8-deconjugating enzyme as well as an ATG8A-processing enzyme. In contrast, recombinant ATG8, ATG8B and ATG8C were all processed by ATG4.1, but not by ATG4.2. ATG8B and ATG8C both have a distinct subcellular location close to the flagellar pocket, but the occurrence of the GFP-labelled puncta suggest that they do not have a role in autophagy. L. major genes encoding possible ATG5, ATG10 and ATG12 homologues were found to complement their respective S. cerevisiae mutants, and ATG12 localised in part to ATG8-containing puncta, suggestive of a functional ATG5-ATG12 conjugation pathway in the parasite. L. major ATG12 is unusual as it requires C-terminal processing by an as yet unidentified peptidase.
Dietary immunomodulation: Beneficial effects on oncogenesis and tumor growth

Our understanding of the interrelationship between nutrition, immunology, oncogenesis, and tumor growth is steadily increasing. Well known are the detrimental effects of malnutrition on host defenses. New work has shown that the addition of o-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or the amino acid arginine to the diet may significantly enhance immune function. These dietary manipulations have been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and cancer spread in animal models, and form the basis for exciting new work in the prevention and treatment of cancer in humans.
A micro-machined hydrophone using piezoelectricity on gate of a field-effect transistor

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a miniaturized hydrophone made by applying the electric field of a micro-sized piezoelectric body directly on the gate of a field-effect transistor (FET). Changes in the bound surface charge density of the piezoelectric body and the corresponding changes in the electric field in response to the applied pressure affect the channel current of a FET regardless of its size. The proposed transduction overcomes the sensitivity limitations of a micro-sized piezoelectric body for various underwater applications, especially at low frequencies. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-integrated underwater sensor system can also be realized by using the proposed CMOS-compatible fabrication.
Dexmedetomidine as Part of a Multimodal Analgesic Treatment Regimen for Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia in a Patient with Significant Opioid Tolerance

Acute postoperative pain in patients with opioid tolerance creates a significant management challenge for anesthesiologists and pain medicine physicians. A multimodal approach is key; however other factors can complicate management such as opioid induced hyperalgesia. We present the case of a patient on large amounts of intrathecal opioids for chronic pain syndrome with opioid induced hyperalgesia after an exploratory laparotomy. Dexmedetomidine was utilized successfully as part of a controlled multimodal analgesic plan and should be a consideration for opioid tolerant patients experiencing opioid induced hyperalgesia.
Organisation fonctionnelle de la boucle olivo-cortico-nucléaire : influence de l'activité des cellules de Purkinje

Le cervelet joue un role fondamental dans la coordination, l'ajustement, la planification et l'automatisation des mouvements, dans la modulation des reflexes ou encore dans certaines fonctions cognitives. Pour ce faire, il va collecter des informations motrices et sensorielles provenant aussi bien du cortex cerebral que du reste du corps. Ces informations sont relayees vers le cortex et les noyaux cerebelleux via les fibres grimpantes et les fibres moussues. Les fibres grimpantes, projetant depuis l'olive inferieure, convoient des signaux sensori-moteurs impliques dans certains apprentissages et dans la regulation temporelle des activites cerebelleuses. Ces processus jouent un role modulateur de la decharge et des plasticites des cellules de Purkinje. Ces dernieres ciblent les noyaux cerebelleux qui representent l'unique sortie du cervelet. Les efferences de ces noyaux cerebelleux incluent une projection GABAergique dirigee sur l'olive inferieure. Ainsi, les connexions entre l'olive inferieure et le cervelet constituent potentiellement une boucle ferme olivo-cortico-nucleaire. Nos etudes se basent sur les enregistrements electrophysiologiques in vitro et in vivo de ces trois structures effectues sur un modele de souris genetiquement modifiees qui permet un controle specifique de la decharge des cellules de Purkinje par l'utilisation de l'optogenetique. La stimulation lumineuse du cortex cerebelleux de ces souris transgeniques active les cellules de Purkinje ainsi que la boucle olivo-cortico-nucleaire sur un delai total d'environ 100 ms. Ces resultats demontrent pour la premiere fois que les cellules de Purkinje controlent de maniere phasique leurs afferences olivaires et que ce processus pourrait participer a la regulation des apprentissages moteurs cerebelleux.
A service oriented approach to continuous media synchronization

The development of ATM networking makes it attractive to use computer communication networks for the transport of digital audio and motion video. When coupled with advances in workstation technology, this creates the opportunity to integrate these continuous information media within a distributed computing system. Continuous media have an inherent temporal dimension, resulting in a set of synchronization requirements which have real-time properties. The paper identifies the role and position of synchronization, in terms of the support which is necessary in an integrated distributed system. <<ETX>>
Remisión completa en el mieloma múltiple: Impacto pronóstico de las bandas oligoclonales, cociente de cadenas ligeras libres en suero y células plasmáticas residuales en médula ósea

El mieloma multiple (MM) forma parte de un grupo de trastornos denominados gammapatias monoclonales, que se caracterizan por la proliferacion clonal de celulas plasmaticas productoras de una proteina homogenea de caracter monoclonal. Existe una correlacion significativa entre la disminucion de la masa tumoral medida por la respuesta en suero y orina con la supervivencia de los pacientes. Esto llevo a la definicion de remision completa (RC), dada por una inmunofijacion negativa en suero y orina, junto a la ausencia de un incremento del porcentaje de celulas plasmaticas en medula osea. Hace unos pocos anos, se expandieron los criterios de RC, anadiendo la categoria de RC “estricta”, definida por una inmunofijacion negativa en suero y orina, con un cociente de cadenas ligeras libres en suero normal, junto a la ausencia de celulas plasmaticas clonales en medula osea por inmunofenotipo o inmunohistoquimica. Se plantearon como objetivos el estudiar un grupo de pacientes con MM en RC, determinando la prevalencia y el comportamiento de las bandas oligoclonales en pacientes con MM en RC tras trasplante de progenitores hematopoyeticos (TPH) como tras el tratamiento de induccion, comparando la incidencia en este ultimo caso en base el tipo de farmacos utilizados. Se analizaron los valores de cociente de cadenas ligeras libres kappa/lambda en suero en pacientes en RC tras TPH, y su posible relacion con al presencia de bandas oligoclonales. Por otra parte, se planteo el cuantificar el numero de celulas plasmaticas en medula osea tras TPH autologo en pacientes con MM en RC serologica, para establecer un punto de corte con significado pronostico en la proporcion de celulas plasmaticas en medula osea en pacientes en RC. Se concluyo que la presencia de bandas oligoclonales en pacientes con MM en remision completa tras TPH se correlacionaba con un cociente anomalo de cadenas ligeras libres. Dado el significado favorable atribuido a la presencia de esta respuesta inmune oligoclonal, el valor pronostico real de la definicion de RC estricta es, como minimo, cuestionable. Dichas bandas oligoclonales se presentan tambien en pacientes con MM en RC tras tratamiento de induccion no mieloablativo, siendo mucho mayor su prevalencia cuando se emplean nuevos farmacos en comparacion con los regimenes que solo incluyen farmacos citotoxicos convencionales. Por ultimo, la evaluacion morfologica de la medula osea sigue siendo un requisito indispensable en pacientes con RC serologica. La proporcion de celulas plasmaticas en el aspirado medular, pese a ser muy bajo (mediana de 0,8%), constituye una primera aproximacion al valor de enfermedad minima residual, conllevando un significado pronostico en cuanto al tiempo a la progresion de la enfermedad tras el TPH autologo.
Mouth motion analysis with space-time interest points

Speech recognition and speaker detection technique from audio visual fusion information attract much attention. In the visual side information, namely lip reading area, most of recent studies are based on analyzing shape of mouth, whereas few studies are based on analyzing lip motion. However, analysis associated with mouth motion gives essential cues for obtaining utterance mechanics. Thus, as a tool to analyze mouth motion, we focus attention on space-time interest points (STIP) that have been effectively applied for analyzing gait and for recognizing human action. This study stems from the idea that the STIP must be also useful for mouth motion analysis. The proposed mouth motion analysis system using STIP needs neither contour estimation nor feature tracking. Then, several image processings are proposed in order to appropriately apply STIP to mouth motion. Additionally, to evaluate the detected STIP as a tool for mouth motion analysis, we classified Japanese vowels utterances into three motion types by using detected STIPs.
Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants.

So many glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants have been described that it has become very difficult to determine whether or not a newly discovered variant is distinct from any other. This difficulty can be partially overcome by performing a number of physicochemical tests and comparing the results with those already reported for the known variants. The purpose of this communication is to provide an up-to-date table summarizing the currently available data on G6PD variants. For purposes of convenience, the variants described in the accompanying table are somewhat arbitrarily divided into five classes, in accordance with their activity in red cells and their associated clinical manifestations:
Immunochemical analysis of dopamine transporter protein in Parkinson's disease

The plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) is considered to be a reliable marker of presynaptic dopaminergic terminal loss. Previous in vivo imaging and postmortem binding studies have detected a loss in striatal DAT binding in Parkinson's diseased (PD) brain; however, these techniques have poor spatial resolution and may suffer from nonspecific binding of some ligands. In this study, we use novel highly specific monoclonal antibodies to distinct epitopes of human DAT to quantify and localize the protein. Western blot analysis revealed marked reductions in DAT immunoreactivity in putamen, caudate, and nucleus accumbens of PD brain compared with control cases, and the reductions were significantly correlated to disease duration. Immunohistochemistry revealed DAT‐immunoreactive fibers and puncta that were dense throughout the striatum of control brains but that were drastically reduced in putamen of PD brains. Caudate from PD brains showed a significant degree of sparing along the border of the ventricle, and the nucleus accumbens was relatively preserved. An unexpected finding was that discrete islands of DAT immunoreactivity were preserved within the matrix of PD putamen. Thus, immunological analysis of DAT protein provides novel and sensitive means for localizing and quantifying DAT protein in PD and other neurological disorders involving dopaminergic systems.
Attention bias variability and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Cognitive theories implicate information-processing biases in the etiology of anxiety disorders. Results of attention-bias studies in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been inconsistent, suggesting biases towards and away from threat. Within-subject variability of attention biases in posttraumatic patients may be a useful marker for attentional control impairment and the development of posttrauma symptoms. This study reports 2 experiments investigating threat-related attention biases, mood and anxiety symptoms, and attention-bias variability following trauma. Experiment 1 included 3 groups in a cross-sectional design: (a) PTSD, (b) trauma-exposed without PTSD, and (c) healthy controls with no trauma or Axis I diagnoses. Greater attention-bias variability was found in the PTSD group compared to the other 2 groups (η(p)2=. 23); attention-bias variability was significantly and positively correlated (r = .37) with PTSD symptoms. Experiment 2 evaluated combat-exposed and nonexposed soldiers before and during deployment. Attention-bias variability did not differentiate groups before deployment, but did differentiate groups during deployment (ηp2=.16); increased variability was observed in groups with acute posttraumatic stress symptoms and acute depression symptoms only. Attention-bias variability could be a useful marker for attentional impairment related to threat cues associated with mood and anxiety symptoms after trauma exposure.
Conical faults apparent in a 3D seismic image

AbstractMap-scale geologic faults with a conical shape are apparent in a public-domain 3D seismic image of block F3 in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. These cone-shaped normal faults exist among many polygonal normal faults in fine-grained clay sediments. The conical faults were discovered using new algorithms for seismic image processing, but they are apparent without that processing. They appear circular in horizontal image slices and have an inverted-V shape in vertical sections for any azimuth through their vertical axes of symmetry. They form horsts bounded by planar strata above and below, with maximum throws of about 35 m roughly halfway between their bases and tops. The bases are up to 1 km wide, and dips of the conical faults are in the range 35o–38o. Because polygonal faults exist elsewhere at or near the seafloor with dips of about 60o, most such faults likely formed close to the depositional interface; the much lower dips of deeply buried faults, such as the faults observed here, are likely.