Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Développement des préférences pour la familiarité chez le nourrisson

Le propos de ce travail de these est d’examiner le developpement de la formation de categories de visages, par l’etude des preferences visuelles des nourrissons dans la premiere annee de vie. Nous avons cherche a preciser les mecanismes de formation des preferences visuelles en les integrant dans le cadre theorique developpe par Valentine (1991), le face-space. Nous avons propose de lier ces preferences a la maniere dont l’experience perceptive des nourrissons avec differentes categories de visages va structurer l’espace de representation des visages. De maniere generale, nous avons postule que les nourrissons presenteront des preferences pour les visages proches de la tendance centrale (i.e., prototype) du face-space. Nous avons mis en evidence une tendance des nourrissons de 0 a 6 mois a presenter un biais pour des visages d’adultes par rapport a des visages de nourrissons (Etudes 1 et 2), les premiers correspondant a une categorie de visages preponderante de l’environnement des nourrissons, la ou les seconds correspondent a une categorie de visages peu rencontree. Ce biais pour la familiarite s’est avere disparaitre a 9 et 12 mois (Etude 3). Ces preferences liees a la familiarite pourraient etre liees a une forme de fausse reconnaissance du visage des proches des nourrissons, issue de la surrepresentation de ces visages dans le quotidien des nourrissons. Ce pattern de preferences n’a en revanche pas ete retrouve lorsque des nourrissons de 3 a 12 mois ont ete confrontes a des visages d’enfants ou de nourrissons (Etudes 4 et 5), les resultats montrant plutot une preference pour les visages les moins familiers, relativement a l’experience des nourrissons. Nous avons ensuite etudie les capacites de categorisation de nourrissons de 9 et 12 mois pour des visages de differentes categories d’âges, i.e., adulte, enfant, nourrisson (Etude 6). Les nourrissons de 12 mois ont forme des categories discretes des visages d’adulte et de nourrissons d’une part, et d’enfants et de nourrissons d’autre part. Les nourrissons de 9 mois en revanche ont montre un pattern plus asymetrique en ce qu’ils ont forme une representation des visages d’enfants excluant un nouveau visage de nourrisson, et une representation des visages de nourrissons incluant un nouveau visage d’enfant. Les nourrissons ayant tous une experience de la creche, donc des visages de nourrissons, cette asymetrie pourrait etre liee a une influence de la connaissance de cette categorie de visage. Dans une derniere etude (Etude 7) nous avons cherche a montrer plus directement le lien entre preferences visuelles et proximite par rapport au prototype, chez des nourrissons humains de 12 mois et des nourrissons macaques de 3 mois (Macaca mulatta). La mise en evidence de preferences liees a la distance par rapport au prototype chez ces deux populations suggere la presence d’un mecanisme commun aux deux especes conduisant a la formation de preferences visuelles pour les visages.
Patterns of Nonsocial and Social Cognitive Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance Many studies have investigated impairments in cognitive domains in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, to date, a comprehensive overview on the patterns of cognitive functioning is lacking. Objective To provide an overview of nonsocial and social cognitive functioning in various domains in adults with ASD, allowing for comparison of the severity of deficits between different domains. Data Sources A literature search performed in an academic medical setting was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Medline databases with the combination of the following free-text and Medical Subject Headings where applicable: [cogniti* OR neurocogniti* OR neuropsycholog* OR executive function* OR IQ OR intelligence quotient OR social cognition OR emotion perception OR affect perception OR emotion recognition OR attribution OR ToM OR mentalising OR mentalizing OR prosody OR social knowledge OR mind reading OR social cue OR social judgment] AND [autis* OR ASD OR Asperger OR Asperger’s OR PDD OR pervasive developmental disorder]. The search was further limited to studies published between 1980 (first inclusion of autism diagnosis in the DSM-III) and July 2018. Study Selection Studies included were published as a primary peer-reviewed research article in English, included individuals with ASD 16 years or older, and assessed at least 1 domain of neurocognitive functioning or social cognition using standard measures. Data Extraction and Synthesis Of 9892 articles identified and screened, 75 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Hedges g effect sizes were computed, and random-effects models were used for all analyses. Moderators of between-study variability in effect sizes were assessed using meta-regressions. Results The systematic review and meta-analysis included 75 studies, with a combined sample of 3361 individuals with ASD (mean [SD] age, 32.0 [9.3] years; 75.9% male) and 5344 neurotypical adults (mean [SD] age, 32.3 [9.1] years; 70.1% male). Adults with ASD showed large impairments in theory of mind (g = −1.09; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.92; number of studies = 39) and emotion perception and processing (g = −0.80; 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.55; n = 18), followed by medium impairments in processing speed (g = −0.61; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.38; n = 21) and verbal learning and memory (g = −0.55; 95% CI, −0.86 to −0.25; n = 12). The least altered cognitive domains were attention and vigilance (g = −0.30; 95% CI, −0.81 to 0.21; n = 5) and working memory (g = −0.23; 95% CI, −0.47 to 0.01; n = 19). Meta-regressions confirmed robustness of the results. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that adults with ASD show impairments in social cognitive domains and in specific nonsocial cognitive domains. These findings contribute to the understanding of the patterns of cognitive functioning in adults with ASD and may assist in the identification of targets for cognitive interventions.
Robust Face Recognition Based on DCNN and CRC

Collaborative representation based classification (CRC) has gained popularity in recent years, but the conventional features could not effectively handle the variations of pose and occlusion such as sunglass. In this paper, the deep convolution neural network (DCNN) is introduced in the feature extraction to tackle the facial deformation, particularly, such as pose variation. After analysis on the feasibility of the dictionary construction on DCNN based features, a DCNN feature based occlusion dictionary computing algorithm is then presented to tackle the face recognition with occlusion. Experiments on representative face databases with variations of pose and occlusion demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm scheme. Keywords-face recognition;sparse representation; collaborative representation;deep learning
Process Mining for Quality Improvement: Propositions for Practice and Research

Objective: Process mining offers ways to discover patient flow, check how actual processes conform to a standard, and use data to enhance or improve processes. Process mining has been used in health care for about a decade, however, with limited focus on quality improvement. Hence, the aim of the article is to present how process mining can be used to support quality improvement, thereby bridging the gap between process mining and quality improvement. Method: We have analyzed current literature to perform a comparison between process mining and process mapping. Result: To better understand how process mining can be used for quality improvement we provide 2 examples. We have noted 4 limitations that must be overcome, which have been formulated as propositions for practice. We have also formulated 3 propositions for future research. Conclusion: In summary, although process mapping is still valuable in quality improvement, we suggest increased focus on process mining. Process mining adds to quality improvement by providing a better understanding of processes in terms of uncovering (un)wanted variations as to obtain better system results.
[Long-term effectiveness of posterior lumbar interbody fusion of retaining posterior ligamentous complex].

Objective To compare the long-term effectiveness of wheather posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) preserved between posterior fenestration decompression interbody fusion and posterior total laminectomy interbody fusion. Methods The clinical data of 89 patients who suffered from single segmental degenerative diseases of lower lumbar spine and followed up more than 10 years after receiving lumbar spinal fusion between January 2000 and January 2005 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different surgical methods, the 33 patients in group A were treated with posterior lumbar fenestration decompression, interbody fusion, and internal fixation, while 56 patients in group B were treated with posterior total laminectomy resection decompression, interbody fusion, and internal fixation. There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, type of lesion, disease duration, lesion segment, and preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Cobb angle of lumbar lordosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). The effectiveness was evaluated by JOA score, and the improvement of pain was evaluated by VAS score. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) at last follow-up was recorded. Results Both groups were followed up 10-17 years (mean, 12.6 years). There were 3 cases (9.1%) in group A and 5 cases (8.9%) in group B complicated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, showing no significant difference ( χ 2=0.001, P=0.979). There was no complication such as infection, nerve root injury, internal plant loosening or transposition in both groups. Intervertebral fusion was satisfactory in both groups. The fusion time in groups A and B was (3.4±1.2) months and (3.7±1.6) months respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t=0.420, P=0.676). At last follow-up, the JOA score and VAS score of the two groups were significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in Cobb angle of lumbar lordosis before and after operation in group A ( t=0.293, P=0.772), but the Cobb angle of lumbar lordosis in group B was significantly lost at last follow-up ( t=14.920, P=0.000). At last follow-up, the VAS score and Cobb angle of lumbar lordosis in group A were significantly superior to those in group B ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in JOA score between the two groups ( t=0.217, P=0.828). There were 3 cases (9.1%) in group A and 21 cases (37.5%) in group B complicated with ASD, showing significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2=8.509, P=0.004). Conclusion Long-term effectiveness of both groups was satisfactory, but in terms of maintaining lumbar lordosis and reducing the incidence of ASD, the lumbar fusion retaining PLC is superior to total laminectomy and lumbar fusion removing PLC.
Gender Disparities in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment Among Privately Insured Patients with Alcohol‐Associated Cirrhosis

BACKGROUND The burden of alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) is high, and though alcohol cessation improves mortality, many patients fail to engage in alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment and continue drinking. Our aim was to determine rates, predictors, and outcomes of AUD treatment utilization in AC patients with private insurance. METHODS We collected data from persons with AC (diagnosed by ICD-9/ICD-10 codes), aged 18 to 64 years, enrolled in the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database (2009 to 2016). We determined rates and predictors of substance abuse treatment visits as well as rates of alcohol relapse prevention medication prescriptions, weighted to the national employer-sponsored insured population. Effects of AUD treatment utilization on decompensation rates were calculated using proportional hazards regression with propensity score adjustment. RESULTS A total of 66,053 AC patients were identified, 32% were female, and mean age at diagnosis was 54.5 years. About 72% had insurance coverage for substance abuse treatment. Overall, AUD treatment utilization rates were low, with only 10% receiving a face-to-face mental health or substance abuse visit and only 0.8% receiving a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved relapse prevention medication within 1 year of index diagnosis. Women were less likely to receive a face-to-face visit (hazard ratio [HR] 0.84, p < 0.001) or an FDA-approved relapse prevention medication (0.89, p = 0.05) than men. AC patients who had a clinic visit for AUD treatment or used FDA-approved relapse medication showed decreased risk of decompensation at 1 year (HR 0.85, p < 0.001 for either). CONCLUSIONS AUD treatment utilization is associated with lower decompensation rates among privately insured patients with AC. Women were less likely to utilize AUD treatment visits. Efforts to reduce gender-specific barriers to treatment are urgently needed to improve outcomes.
Can general practice trainees engage with leadership activities during their GP training placements? - An evaluation of an intervention in South East Scotland

ABSTRACT Leadership is one of the GMC’s Generic Professional Capabilities for all medical specialties, but engagement in leadership activities is not currently routinely built into general practice (GP) training. We explored whether GP trainees in their first year of speciality training (ST1) could engage with a leadership activity in their practice placement. GP trainees were invited to participate in a voluntary leadership activity, with a small menu of optional activities to choose from. Evaluation was through electronic survey of trainees and educational supervisors (ESs) before and after the GP placement, and through trainee focus groups after the placement. 89 trainees and 191 supervisors were surveyed at the start of the trial. Trainees felt supported by supervisors and practice team members. Both groups felt that leadership skills were important for a trainee’s future career. Supervisors placed more emphasis on this than trainees. Identified barriers included lack of protected time, other training priorities, lack of empowerment, and personal issues. Most trainees and their supervisors felt that a leadership activity was possible during the first year of general practice training. More work needs to be done to see if these results are generalisable to trainees across demographic subgroups, and in other years of training.
Prenatal Household Air Pollution Alters Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number: Sex-Specific Associations

BACKGROUND Associations between prenatal household air pollution (HAP) exposure or cookstove intervention to reduce HAP and cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy number (mtDNAcn), an oxidative stress biomarker, are unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant women were recruited and randomized to one of two cookstove interventions, including a clean-burning liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove, or control. Prenatal HAP exposure was determined by serial, personal carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. CBMC mtDNAcn was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable linear regression determined associations between prenatal CO and cookstove arm on mtDNAcn. Associations between mtDNAcn and birth outcomes and effect modification by infant sex were explored. RESULTS LPG users had the lowest CO exposures (p = 0.02 by ANOVA). In boys only, average prenatal CO was inversely associated with mtDNAcn (β = -14.84, SE = 6.41, p = 0.03, per 1ppm increase in CO). When examined by study arm, LPG cookstove had the opposite effect in all children (LPG β = 19.34, SE = 9.72, p = 0.049), but especially boys (β = 30.65, SE = 14.46, p = 0.04), as compared to Control. Increased mtDNAcn was associated with improved birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Increased prenatal HAP exposure reduces CBMC mtDNAcn, suggesting cumulative prenatal oxidative stress injury. An LPG stove intervention may reverse this effect. Boys appear most susceptible.
Infants' Age and Walking Experience Shapes Perception-Action Coupling When Crossing Obstacles

This study examined the effects of age and walking experience on infants' ability to step over an obstacle. We videotaped 30 infants with one (mean [M] age = 12.6 months), three (M age = 14.7 months), and six months (M age = 17.7 months) of walking experience walking on a pathway with and without an obstacle. We found a shorter stride and slower velocity for infants with one month of walking experience and for the walking condition with an obstacle than for other experience groups or for walking without an obstacle. Across all groups, the horizontal distance between an infant's foot and the obstacle was larger for the trailing leg than for the leading leg. The vertical distance for both legs was similar among 1-month walkers, increased for 3-month walkers, and was similar for the trailing leg of the 6-month walker group. The percentage of the interlimb coordination relative phase for the leading limb was smaller for 3- and 6-month walker groups. In conclusion, age and walking experience contribute to improving coupling between sensory information and motor action and to organization for stepping over an obstacle in infants.
Ketamine increases the expression of GluR1 and GluR2 &agr;-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methy-4-isoxazole propionate receptor subunits in human dopaminergic neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells

The mechanisms underlying the prolonged antidepressant effects after a single exposure to ketamine are only partially understood. Converging findings indicate a critical role of structural neuroplasticity, recently also proposed for dopaminergic (DA) neurons known to be involved in a depression core symptom, anhedonia. We recently showed that ketamine induces dendritic outgrowth in human DA neurons differentiated in-vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors, a phenomenon blocked by the &agr;-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methy-4-isoxazole propionate receptor antagonist NBQX. As changes in the expression of AMPA receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2 were observed in neuroplasticity of rodent DA neurons, we aimed to explore this phenomenon in human DA neurons. Using specific antibodies against GluR1 and GluR2 &agr;-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methy-4-isoxazole propionate receptor subunits, we showed that GluR1 levels were significantly higher in soma than in dendrites, whereas for GluR2, levels were significantly higher in dendrites than in soma. One hour exposure to 1 µM ketamine increased the signal of both subunits in dendrites, but only of GluR2 in soma, at 24, 48, and 72 h. Nonlinear polynomial fitting of dendritic expression indicated that the two curves were significantly different, with stronger and more sustained effects on GluR2 expression. Overall, these data support a role for GluR1 and GluR2 dendritic upregulation in driving structural plasticity in human DA neurons depending on ketamine transient exposure, indicating translationally relevant downstream mechanism possibly involved in antidepressant effects.
O envolvimento de microRNAs no diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e na doença renal do diabetes

17 INTRODUÇÃO . 21 CAPÍTULO 1: "MicroRNAs e diabetes mellitus tipo 1". 44 Artigo 1.45 Artigo 2.75 CAPÍTULO 2: "Polimorfismos em genes codificantes de microRNAs e o diabetes mellitus tipo 1". 131 Artigo 3.132 CAPÍTULO 3: "MicroRNAs e doença renal do diabetes". 143 Artigo 4.144 Artigo 5.196 CONCLUSÕES GERAIS . Erro! Indicador não definido.245 OUTROS ARTIGOS PUBLICADOS NO PERÍODO DO DOUTORADO.248 ÍNDICE DE ABREVIATURAS
CLUSTER-BASED IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING FUZZY MARKOV RANDOM FIELD

Image segmentation is an important task in image processing and computer vision which attract many researchers attention. There are a couple of information sets pixels in an image: statistical and structural information which refer to the feature value of pixel data and local correlation of pixel data, respectively. Markov random field (MRF) is a tool for modeling statistical and structural information at the same time. Fuzzy Markov random field (FMRF) is a MRF in fuzzy space which handles fuzziness and randomness of data simultaneously. This paper propose a new method called FMRF-C which is model clustering using FMRF and applying it in application of image segmentation. Due to the similarity of FMRF model structure and image neighbourhood structure, exploiting FMRF in image segmentation makes results in acceptable levels. One of the important tools is Cellular learning automata (CLA) for suitable initial labelling of FMRF. The reason for choosing this tool is the similarity of CLA to FMRF and image structure. We compared the proposed method with several approaches such as Kmeans, FCM, and MRF and results demonstratably show the good performance of our method in terms of tanimoto, mean square error and energy minimization metrics.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension in Critically Ill Patients—A Prospective Multicenter Study (IROI Study)

Objectives: To identify the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of intra-abdominal hypertension in a mixed multicenter ICU population. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Fifteen ICUs worldwide. Patients: Consecutive adult ICU patients with a bladder catheter. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Four hundred ninety-one patients were included. Intra-abdominal pressure was measured a minimum of every 8 hours. Subjects with a mean intra-abdominal pressure equal to or greater than 12 mm Hg were defined as having intra-abdominal hypertension. Intra-abdominal hypertension was present in 34.0% of the patients on the day of ICU admission (159/467) and in 48.9% of the patients (240/491) during the observation period. The severity of intra-abdominal hypertension was as follows: grade I, 47.5%; grade II, 36.6%; grade III, 11.7%; and grade IV, 4.2%. The severity of intra-abdominal hypertension during the first 2 weeks of the ICU stay was identified as an independent predictor of 28- and 90-day mortality, whereas the presence of intra-abdominal hypertension on the day of ICU admission did not predict mortality. Body mass index, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 18, presence of abdominal distension, absence of bowel sounds, and positive end-expiratory pressure greater than or equal to 7 cm H2O were independently associated with the development of intra-abdominal hypertension at any time during the observation period. In subjects without intra-abdominal hypertension on day 1, body mass index combined with daily positive fluid balance and positive end-expiratory pressure greater than or equal to 7 cm H2O (as documented on the day before intra-abdominal hypertension occurred) were associated with the development of intra-abdominal hypertension during the first week in the ICU. Conclusions: In our mixed ICU patient cohort, intra-abdominal hypertension occurred in almost half of all subjects and was twice as prevalent in mechanically ventilated patients as in spontaneously breathing patients. Presence and severity of intra-abdominal hypertension during the observation period significantly and independently increased 28- and 90-day mortality. Five admission day variables were independently associated with the presence or development of intra-abdominal hypertension. Positive fluid balance was associated with the development of intra-abdominal hypertension after day 1.