Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risky behaviour: a rare complication of an uncommon disease in a returning traveller

A 49-year-old man with a history of hypertension and no known drug allergies was admitted with a 4-day history of fever, general malaise, sore throat and diarrhoea. Eleven days ago, he had returned from a 2-week adventure holiday to South Africa. On admission, he was noted to have a creatinine 392 µmol/L, alanine aminotransferase 133 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 211 IU/L and platelets 151×109/L. A differential diagnosis of suspected leptospirosis or bacterial sepsis was made and he was started on ceftriaxone. Two hours later he became hypotensive, tachypnoeic with severe myalgia and a temperature of 41°C, type I respiratory failure and metabolic acidosis. There was no stridor, facial swelling or rash. A diagnosis of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was made. A second dose of ceftriaxone was given without any reaction. The patient thereafter completed 7 days of doxycycline. PCR confirmed leptospirosis and subsequent leptospirosis IgM was positive. He improved clinically with treatment and was discharged after 10 days of admission.
The geographic spread and temporal increase of the Lyme disease epidemic.

OBJECTIVE To describe the temporal and geographic progression of the Lyme disease epidemic in New York State from 1977 through 1989. DESIGN Communicable disease surveillance system. SETTING Statewide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The progression of the epidemic was examined by analyzing trends in Lyme disease cases reported to the state surveillance system, town and county Lyme disease incidence rates, Lyme disease hospital discharge rates, and the distribution of Ixodes dammini ticks obtained from surveillance efforts and submitted for identification. MAIN RESULTS The number of confirmed Lyme disease cases in New York has increased with concurrent increases in the number of hospital discharges. The number of counties endemic for Lyme disease increased from four to eight between 1985 and 1989. The number of counties with documented I dammini ticks increased from four in 1985 to 22 in 1989. Incidence of the disease also increased within known endemic counties. CONCLUSIONS Tick surveillance indicated that the range of I dammini has expanded annually into areas up to 384 km from the original known endemic areas of Long Island, NY, and Connecticut. Cumulative data from human surveillance resources document both temporal increases and geographic expansion of the Lyme disease epidemic in New York.
Automatic MOOC Video Classification using Transcript Features and Convolutional Neural Networks

The amount of MOOC video materials has grown exponentially in recent years. Therefore, their storage and analysis need to be made as fully automated as possible in order to maintain their management quality. In this work, we present a method for automatic topic classification of MOOC videos using speech transcripts and convolutional neural networks (CNN). Our method works as follows: First, speech recognition is used to generate video transcripts. Then, the transcripts are converted into images using a statistical co-occurrence transformation that we designed. Finally, a CNN is used to produce video category labels for a transcript image input. For our data, we use the Khan Academy on a Stick dataset that contains 2,545 videos, where each video is labeled with one or two of 13 categories. Experiments show that our method is strongly competitive against other methods that are also based on transcript features and supervised learning.
A Regularization Corrected Score Method for Nonlinear Regression Models with Covariate Error

Many regression analyses involve explanatory variables that are measured with error, and failing to account for this error is well known to lead to biased point and interval estimates of the regression coefficients. We present here a new general method for adjusting for covariate error. Our method consists of an approximate version of the Stefanski–Nakamura corrected score approach, using the method of regularization to obtain an approximate solution of the relevant integral equation. We develop the theory in the setting of classical likelihood models; this setting covers, for example, linear regression, nonlinear regression, logistic regression, and Poisson regression. The method is extremely general in terms of the types of measurement error models covered, and is a functional method in the sense of not involving assumptions on the distribution of the true covariate. We discuss the theoretical properties of the method and present simulation results in the logistic regression setting (univariate and multivariate). For illustration, we apply the method to data from the Harvard Nurses' Health Study concerning the relationship between physical activity and breast cancer mortality in the period following a diagnosis of breast cancer.
Eszopiclone in Patients With Insomnia During Perimenopause and Early Postmenopause: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate eszopiclone 3 mg for treatment of insomnia in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women, as well as the impact of insomnia treatment on mood, menopause-related symptoms, and quality of life. METHODS: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 410 women (aged 40–60; perimenopausal or early postmenopausal) who reported insomnia defined as sleep latency of at least 45 minutes and total sleep time less than or equal to 6 hours per night for at least 3 nights per week over the previous month. Patients were randomly assigned to eszopiclone 3 mg or placebo nightly for 4 weeks. Sleep data were collected once a day. Physician global assessments of menopause, menopause-specific questionnaire, Greene Climacteric Scale, the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Sheehan Disability Scale were collected at baseline and end of treatment. RESULTS: Patients receiving eszopiclone reported improvements in sleep induction, sleep maintenance, sleep duration, sleep quality, and next-day functioning relative to placebo (P<.05). Patients receiving eszopiclone reported fewer total awakenings and awakenings due to hot flushes (P<.05). Eszopiclone use led to greater improvement in Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores (P<.05) and physician global assessments of menopause scores (P<.001); total Greene Climacteric Scale score and the vasomotor and psychological sub-scores (P<.05); vasomotor and physical domains of the menopause-specific questionnaire (P<.05); and family life/home domain of the Sheehan Disability Scale (P<.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, eszopiclone provided significant improvements in sleep and positively impacted mood, quality of life, and menopause-related symptoms in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women with insomnia. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov www.clinicaltrials. gov NCT00366093 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
Activation of Caspases Is Required for Osteoblastic Differentiation*

Previous studies have shown that mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells undergo apoptosis when exposed to a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)s are important regulators of osteoblast differentiation. Because regulation of osteoblastic differentiation is poorly understood, we sought to determine if BMP-4-induced differentiation of osteoblastic cells depends on the activity of the key apoptotic proteases, i.e. the caspases. BMP-4 induced the growth arrest and differentiation of osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1, as evidenced by the appearance of osteoblastic phenotypes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activation and parathyroid hormone (PTH)-dependent production of cAMP. Surprisingly, BMP-4 induced transient and potent activation of caspase-8, caspase-2, and caspase-3, in this order. However, no apoptosis or necrosis in BMP-4-treated cells could be detected by FACS using annexin-V/propodium iodine double staining. Peptide inhibition of caspase activity led to a dramatic reduction in ALP activation and PTH-induced production of cAMP in BMP-4-treated cells. Although BMP-4 treatment resulted in cell-cycle G0/G1 arrest as detected by FACS cell-cycle analysis, caspase inhibitors (caspase-8, caspase-2, and caspase-3 inhibitors) could block the G0/G1 arrest in MC3T3-E1 cells. Taken together, these results confirm a unique and unanticipated role for the caspase-mediated signal cascade in the differentiation of osteoblasts.
Long-range distance determinations in biomacromolecules by EPR spectroscopy

Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy provides a variety of tools to study structures and structural changes of large biomolecules or complexes thereof. In order to unravel secondary structure elements, domain arrangements or complex formation, continuous wave and pulsed EPR methods capable of measuring the magnetic dipole coupling between two unpaired electrons can be used to obtain long-range distance constraints on the nanometer scale. Such methods yield reliably and precisely distances of up to 80 Å, can be applied to biomolecules in aqueous buffer solutions or membranes, and are not size limited. They can be applied either at cryogenic or physiological temperatures and down to amounts of a few nanomoles. Spin centers may be metal ions, metal clusters, cofactor radicals, amino acid radicals, or spin labels. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the different EPR spectroscopic methods, briefly describe their theoretical background, and summarize important biological applications. The main focus of this article will be on pulsed EPR methods like pulsed electron–electron double resonance (PELDOR) and their applications to spin-labeled biosystems.
Finding Source of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to GPS Using a Network Sensors

Any electromagnetic interference (EMI) to GPS must invoke a fast location and removal response, because of the high military and civilian reliance on GPS. In this report, we present an approach, which is based on deploying a network of sensors to estimate the location of EMI source. We believe that this approach provides some unique advantages. First, it includes the possibility of using a terrestrial and/or airborne network for finding interference to airborne receivers. Since a terrestrial network could surround an airport with a continuous interference finding capability, such a network would be much less expensive than monitoring with a continuously airborne fleet of even unmanned air vehicles. It would also provide a quicker response than a strategy based on dispatching aircraft after the onset of interference. Such a terrestrial network need not be expensive since it could be based on an abundance of cheap sensors rather than a few sensors at hardened sites. Second, the combination of different sensors may improve the positioning performance. In particular, our approach is likely to outperform the proposal to estimate interference location by measuring power received by a top-mounted antenna on a banking aircraft.
THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF HAEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

The laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies, including the thalassaemias, is of growing importance, particularly because of an increasing requirement for antenatal diagnosis of significant disorders of globin chain synthesis. This guideline discusses the laboratory tests which are most useful in the diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies and describes their role in specific clinical circumstances. Of the newer technical methods, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is of considerable importance whereas isoelectric focusing (IEF) and immunoassay for variant haemoglobins have a more minor role.
An Architecture for Scientific Document Retrieval: Using Textual and Math Entailment Modules

We present an architecture for scientific document retrieval. An existing system for textual and math-ware retrieval Math Indexer and Searcher MIaS is designed for extensions by modules for textual and math- aware entailment. The goal is to increase quality of retrieval (precision and recall) by handling natural languge variations of expressing semantically the same in texts and/or formulae. Entailment modules are designed to use several, ordered layers of processing on lexical, syntactic and semantic levels using natural language processing tools adapted for handling tree structures like mathematical formulae. If these tools are not able to decide on the entailment, generic knowledge databases are used deploying distributional semantics methods and tools. It is shown that sole use of distributional semantics for semantic textual entailment decisions on sentence level is surprisingly good. Finally, further research plans to deploy results in the digital mathematical libraries are outlined.
Effects of High Pressure on the Viability, Morphology, Lysis, and Cell Wall Hydrolase Activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris

ABSTRACT Viability, morphology, lysis, and cell wall hydrolase activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 and SK11 were determined after exposure to pressure. Both strains were completely inactivated at pressures of 400 to 800 MPa but unaffected at 100 and 200 MPa. At 300 MPa, the MG1363 and SK11 populations decreased by 7.3 and 2.5 log cycles, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that pressure caused intracellular and cell envelope damage. Pressure-treated MG1363 cell suspensions lysed more rapidly over time than did non-pressure-treated controls. Twenty-four hours after pressure treatment, the percent lysis ranged from 13.0 (0.1 MPa) to 43.3 (300 MPa). Analysis of the MG1363 supernatants by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed pressure-induced lysis. Pressure did not induce lysis or membrane permeability of SK11. Renaturing SDS-PAGE (zymogram analysis) revealed two hydrolytic bands from MG1363 cell extracts treated at all pressures (0.1 to 800 MPa). Measuring the reducing sugars released during enzymatic cell wall breakdown provided a quantitative, nondenaturing assay of cell wall hydrolase activity. Cells treated at 100 MPa released significantly more reducing sugar than other samples, including the non-pressure-treated control, indicating that pressure can activate cell wall hydrolase activity or increase cell wall accessibility to the enzyme. The cell suspensions treated at 200 and 300 MPa did not differ significantly from the control, whereas cells treated at pressures greater than 400 MPa displayed reduced cell wall hydrolase activity. These data suggest that high pressure can cause inactivation, physical damage, and lysis in L. lactis. Pressure-induced lysis is strain dependent and not solely dependent upon cell wall hydrolase activity.
Why are the Japanese living longer?

of rapid or uncontrolled ascent. For what it is worth, we have anecdotal reports of six divTing incidents relating to asthmatic divers-four in which there were rapid ascents and two in which divers developed bronchospasm underwater. In all of these cases the divers concerned surfaced safely. As medical examiners who dive we make it our business to discuss with our clients the examination, the implications of any abnormal findings, and any possible theoretical risks. We believe that this approach is adequate for medicolegal purposes. It would seem reasonable to advise people with well controlled asthma who wish to dive that they mav do so as long as they understand the theoretical risks. The real risk, if in practice there is one, would seem slight according to currently available data. Therefore the British Sub-Aqua Club's current recommendations seem adequate.
Activity-Limiting Role of Molecular Size: Size-Dependency of Maximum Activity for P450 Inhibition as Revealed by qHTS Data

Analysis of a large number of data on cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibition obtained from quantitative high-throughput screening assays from the PubChem BioAssay Database clearly indicates that molecular size has an important activity-limiting role for datasets focused on drug-like compounds (PubChem BioAssay Identifier [AID] 1851) as well as for datasets also incorporating a wider range of environmental chemicals (AIDs 410, 899, 883, 891, and 884). Maximum inhibitory activity increases with size for small enough structures then plateaus and begins to show a decreasing trend for larger structures. Log-scaled maximum median inhibitory concentration (pIC50) as a function of molecular size could be fitted well with a bilinear model (LinBiExp), and the shape of the curve is quite similar across five P450 isozymes (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4) with a turning-point of maximum inhibition around 300–500 Da. While the present size-based approach cannot account for the variability of activity in general, using data for a very large number of compounds, it still provides an intuitive interpretation of the maximum P450-inhibitory activity obtainable for a given molecular size and highlights the presence of an “optimum” size range.
Protein Kinase C (cid:1) Is a Critical Regulator of Dopamine Transporter Trafficking and Regulates the Behavioral Response to Amphetamine in Mice

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key mediator of dopami- nergic neurotransmission and a major target for amphetamine. We found previously that protein kinase C (PKC) (cid:1) regulates amphetamine-mediated dopamine efflux. Here, using PKC (cid:1) wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice, we report a novel role for PKC (cid:1) in amphetamine-induced regulation of DAT trafficking and activity. PKC (cid:1) KO mice have less striatal surface DAT, [ 3 H]dopamine uptake, and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine efflux, yet higher novelty-induced locomotor activity than WT mice. Although a short exposure ( (cid:2) 90 s) to amphetamine rapidly increases striatal surface DAT and [ 3 H]dopamine uptake in WT mice, this treatment decreases surface DAT and [ 3 H]do-pamine uptake in KO mice. Increases in surface DAT and [ 3 H]dopamine uptake are not evident in KO mice until a longer exposure (60 min) to amphetamine, by which time WT mice exhibit decreased surface DAT and dopamine uptake. The slowness of amphetamine-induced striatal DAT trafficking in PKC (cid:1) KO mice was mimicked by the use of a specific PKC (cid:1) inhibitor, LY379196, in WT mice. Furthermore, PKC (cid:1) KO mice exhibit reduced locomotor responsiveness to amphetamine compared with WT, which could be explained by reduced surface DAT and delayed amphetamine-induced DAT trafficking in KO mice. Our results indicate that PKC (cid:1) is crucial for proper trafficking of DAT to the surface and for functioning of DAT and amphetamine signaling, providing new insight into the role of PKC (cid:1) as an important regulator of dopaminergic homeostasis. AMPH min. A two-way ANOVA (geno- type (cid:7) dose) main effect of AMPH dose F (5, (cid:8) p (cid:6) 0.01] and a significant interaction effect of genotype and dose [ F (5, 87) (cid:8) 4.79, p (cid:6) 0.05]. Post hoc Bonferroni analysis locomotor activity in WT mice at doses of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg compared with their Sal injection ( n (cid:8) 6–12), whereas KO mice showed stimulation only at doses of 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg AMPH ( n (cid:8) 6–13). In addition, the Sal-treated KO mice exhibited higher locomotor activity than Sal-treated WT mice (Student’s t test, p (cid:6) 0.05, n (cid:8) 11–13). (cid:1) , p (cid:6) 0.05; (cid:1)(cid:1) , p (cid:6) 0.01, AMPH versus Sal within each genotype; #, p (cid:6) 0.05, WT versus KO within each dose of AMPH.
A General Upper Bound to Evaluate Interference-Aware Outage Performance for Multiple Cooperative Multicast Groups

In this work, we consider outage performance for a 5G wireless cellular network consisting of multiple cooperative multicast groups (MGroups) under kinds of fading channels, which allows users adhering to different MGroups can be served simultaneously. Based on the law of total probability theory, we first propose a new analytical approach to derive a new probability density equality lemma, which can be used to upper bound average outage probability of multiple MGroups (MMGroups) systems with interference-aware spectrum sharing transmissions in the case that interference channel state information (CSI) is known. After then, based on the proposed probability density equality lemma, we also analyze average outage probability upper bound under kinds of fading channels with inter-MGroup interferences. The simulated results reveal that the derived upper bounds indeed provide upper bounds over the average outage probability of MMGroups systems operated on kinds of fading channels, and these bounds become tight when interferences decrease or outage thresholds drop.
Prepregnancy Care and the Prevention of Fetal Malformations in the Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes

The offspring of women with diabetes have an increased incidence of congenital malformations as compared with the general population. There is strong evidence in both humans and animal studies, demonstrating an association between these malformations and poor glycemic control in the periconceptual period. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated that strict glucose control can reduce the rate of these malformations to the background rate. Therefore, it is recommended that all women with diabetes of childbearing age be advised of the importance of seeking preconception care, which includes attainment of optimal glucose control and the use of contraception.
Analyzing the capacity of wireless ad hoc networks with rate adaptation capability

In this paper we develop analytical closed form expression for the capacity of a wireless ad hoc network. First, for the general case when nodes can adapt their communication rates to the link quality, a proper formulation for the total network capacity is presented based on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the signal to interference power ratio (SIR). Then, a closed form expression for this CDF is analytically derived. Afterwards, the capacity of the network is investigated. By examining the effect of the outage threshold, it is shown that in order to obtain a higher capacity, one may use simple non-adaptive transceivers with higher threshold on the received SIR. These results are obtained by conducting analytical and simulation studies.
Calbindin D‐28k Protein and mRNA Localization in the Rat Brain

After the discovery of calretinin, a protein with high sequence homology to calbindin D‐28k, the validity of immunohistochemical results obtained using polyclonal antibodies for this protein, was in question. In order to validate the previous results on the localization of calbindin D‐28k in the brain, we localized the protein by highly specific monoclonal antibodies and revealed its mRNA histochemically by in situ hybridization. In general there was good agreement between the results obtained using these two different techniques and those reported in previous publications. The concordance was particularly impressive for the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, basal nucleus of Meynert, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum and superior colliculus. In the amygdala and hypothalamus the low spatial resolution of in situ hybridization did not allow precise definition of some nuclei displaying a positive reaction for the protein. In the rhombencephalon, cells of the parabrachial nuclei and the dorsal raphe nucleus expressed calbindin D‐28k. Neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and some horizontal cells of the retina were tagged with both methods. The only discrepancy was the presence of immunoreactive ependymal cells, whereas mRNA never occurred in cells lining the ventricles. Thus, the combined approach has established the widespread distribution of cells expressing calbindin D‐28k in the rat brain.