Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presence of IgE+ cells in human placenta is independent of malaria infection or chorioamnionitis

We have shown previously that numerous IgE+ macrophage‐like cells are present in the villous stroma of full term placenta and that there was no difference in the amount of IgE+ cells between allergic and non‐allergic mothers. The presence of such an abundant number of IgE+ cells in the placenta in allergic as well as non‐allergic women suggests that the IgE is of some importance for a successful pregnancy outcome. Here we have investigated the IgE‐pattern in 59 placentas from second and third trimesters from Sweden with different degrees of chorioamnionitis and 27 full term placentas from Ghana with and without malaria parasites. The immunohistochemical staining pattern for IgE looked similar to our previous study, with the IgE located on Hofbauer‐like cells. We could not find any difference in the amount or distribution of IgE+ cells between malaria‐infected and non‐infected placentas, nor between different degrees of chorioamnionitis. The IgE score in the placenta did not correlate with the levels of IgE in maternal serum or plasma. However, the IgE score was significantly higher in second‐ compared to third‐trimester placentas (P = 0·03). This might reflect a maturation time‐point in the fetus and in the intrauterine environment during the second trimester, or it might be associated with the increased number of intrauterine fetal deaths in the second trimester.
Evaluation of a school-based peer leader bicycle helmet intervention

Objectives. Bicycle-related injury remains a major cause of death and injury hospitalization among Australian children. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a whole-school intervention to increase the correct wearing of bicycle helmets by primary school children. Methods. A randomized intervention trial was conducted in 27 Western Australian primary schools. A major component of the intervention was a peer-led classroom curriculum for 10–12 year old children. Helmet use by cyclists was observed as children were leaving school at baseline (May 2000) and after the first year and second year of the intervention. A cohort of 10–11 year old children in study schools completed a self-administered questionnaire at the same three data collection points. Results. Over the 2 years of the study, observed helmet wearing rates declined by 13% in the control group (from 93% at baseline to 80% at post-test 2) and by 5% in the intervention group (from 89% to 84%) (F = 1.745, p = 0.185). Among the Grade 5/6 cohort students who were regular riders, the likelihood of reporting always wearing a helmet was 1.9 times higher at post-test 1 (z = 2.51, p = 0.012) and 1.7 times higher at post-test 2 (z = 2.13, p = 0.033) for the intervention group than the control group students who did not always wear a helmet at baseline. Conclusions. The data suggest that school-based activities can arrest the rate of decline in helmet use by children. Using peer teachers is a useful strategy to engage students in normative-based protective behaviours. The logistical challenges this strategy presents appear to be worth the outcomes.
Matriz de cargos para Avanza Colombia S.A.S BPO

Business Process Outsourcing BPO, es una estrategia para las organizaciones que permite optimizar la implementacion de recursos, elaboracion de procesos, disminucion en tiempos de respuesta y produccion. El BPO ofrece a las organizaciones la oportunidad de tercerizar procesos y servicios para centrar esfuerzos estrategicos, administrativos y logisticos en dependencias que son supervisadas constantemente por su relevancia para el funcionamiento de la organizacion. Avanza Colombia SAS es una multinacional espanola dedicada al negocio del contact center, que provee servicios de atencion al cliente por medio de una plataforma de telecomunicaciones, con casa matriz en Espana y centros de servicio alrededor del mundo. El objetivo de esta investigacion es disenar una matriz de cargos operativos con la asignacion salarial ajustada para Avanza Colombia SAS basado en el modelo Hay Group. Se valoran las descripciones de puestos operativos de acuerdo con las exigencias de los mismos.
Diospyros rhodocalyx (Tako-Na), a Thai folk medicine, associated with hypokalemia and generalized muscle weakness: a case series

Abstract Introduction: Diospyros rhodocalyx (Tako-Na) is a Thai folk medicine purported to promote longevity, treat impotence, etc. We present patients with hypokalemia, weakness and hypertension after consuming Tako-Na tea. Case series: Case 1: A 61-year-old man was brought in nine hours after drinking 400–500 mL of Tako-Na tea. One handful of Tako-Na bark was boiled in water to make tea. He had vomiting and watery diarrhea six hours after drinking it. He took no medications and had no history of hypertension. The only remarkable vital sign was BP 167/90 mmHg. Physical examination revealed generalized muscle weakness. Laboratory findings were potassium 2.7 mmol/L, bicarbonate 24 mmol/L, and transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) 5.6. He was discharged the next day with a BP 140/90 mmHg and potassium 4.2 mmol/L. Case 2: A 78-year-old man, a friend of case 1, also drank Tako-Na tea from the same pot at the same time as case 1. He also had vomiting and diarrhea six hours later. He took no medications despite past history of hypertension (baseline SBP 140–160). Initial BP was 230/70 mmHg. He also had muscle weakness. Laboratory findings were potassium 3.3 mmol/L, bicarbonate 24 mmol/L, TTKG 7.37 and normal thyroid function. He was also discharged the next day with a BP 148/70 mmHg and potassium 4.2 mmol/L. Case 3–7: These were patients reported to a poison center and their potassium concentrations were 1.4, 1.4, 3.3, 1.3 and 1.2 mmol/L, respectively. Three of them were intubated and case 3 died. Conclusions: Tako-Na contains betulin, betulinic acid, taraxerone, lupeol, and lupenone. Their structures are similar to glycyrrhetic acid, the active metabolite of glycyrrhizic acid found in licorice which is well known to cause pseudoaldosteronism. Glycyrrhetic acid is potent in inhibiting 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and causes pseudoaldosteronism. We hypothesize that the compounds in Tako-Na act in the same way as glycyrrhetic acid in producing pseudoaldosteronism.
Local Health Department Use of Twitter to Disseminate Diabetes Information, United States

Introduction Diabetes may affect one-third of US adults by 2050. Adopting a healthful diet and increasing physical activity are effective in preventing type 2 diabetes and decreasing the severity of diabetes-related complications. Educating and informing the public about health problems is a service provided by local health departments (LHDs). The objective of this study was to examine how LHDs are using social media to educate and inform the public about diabetes. Methods In June 2012 we used NVivo 10 to collect all tweets ever posted from every LHD with a Twitter account and identified tweets about diabetes. We used a 2010 National Association of County and City Health Officials survey to compare characteristics of LHDs that tweeted about diabetes with those that did not. Content analysis was used to classify each tweet topic. Results Of 217 LHDs with Twitter accounts, 126 had ever tweeted about diabetes, with 3 diabetes tweets being the median since adopting Twitter. LHDs tweeting about diabetes were in jurisdictions with larger populations and had more staff and higher spending than LHDs not tweeting about diabetes. They were significantly more likely to employ a public information specialist and provide programs in diabetes-related areas. There was also a weak positive association between jurisdiction diabetes rate and the percentage of all tweets that were about diabetes (r = .16; P = .049). Conclusion LHDs are beginning to use social media to educate and inform their constituents about diabetes. An understanding of the reach and effectiveness of social media could enable public health practitioners to use them more effectively.
Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: a 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort.

OBJECTIVE The 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort was studied to determine whether abnormalities during pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal period are associated with adult-onset schizophrenia. METHOD The authors included all 11,017 subjects alive in Finland at age 16. For each individual, standardized assessments made during pregnancy, delivery, and infancy were linked to national psychiatric case registers covering the period up to age 28. Subjects with DSM-III-R schizophrenia were identified by using a two-stage screen that included perusal of individual case records. Associations (adjusted odds ratios) between schizophrenia and specific pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal characteristics were calculated. RESULTS Within this cohort, 76 cases of DSM-III-R schizophrenia arose by age 28 years; 51 (67.1%) of these persons were men. Demographic characteristics and previous obstetric histories of the mothers were similar in the case and unaffected comparison groups, although the former were more likely to have been more depressed than usual during pregnancy. Low birth weight (< 2500 g) and the combination of low birth weight and short gestation (< 37 weeks) were more common among the schizophrenic subjects. Being small for gestational age (< 10th percentile) was not more common. Of 125 survivors of severe perinatal brain damage, six (4.8%) later developed schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The spectrum of adverse outcomes after fetal and perinatal insults unfolded beyond childhood and included adult-onset schizophrenia. The findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of schizophrenia and, possibly, for its prevention.
Gender inequality in vision loss and eye diseases: Evidence from the Sultanate of Oman

Purpose: The data from surveys of vision loss and monitoring of services were used to assess changes in gender inequality in Oman. Study Design: Retrospective review of data collection instruments. Materials and Method: The data sets of 12 years between 1996 and 2007 were abstracted to assess the gender equality for vision loss, eye disease prevalence, and service use. They included two surveys (1996 and 2005), Health Information from eye units (1998 and 2007), and eye screening in schools. Results: In 1996, the prevalence of bilateral blindness in ≥ 40 years of age was higher in females [Odd's Ratio (OR) = 0.36 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.24 – 0.53)]. Gender differences in the prevalence of cataract [OR = 0.82 (95% CI 0.63 – 1.03)] were not significant while trachomatous trichaisis (TT) was less in males [OR = 0.33 (95% CI 0.22-0.48)]. In 2005, gender differences in the prevalence of bilateral blindness [OR = 0.97 (95% CI 0.71 – 1.34)] and TT [OR = 0.66 (95% CI 0.42- 1.04)] were not statistically significant. But males were associated with higher prevalence of cataract [OR = 1.26 (95% CI 1.00 – 1.59)]. Surgery rates for cataract, glaucoma and TT were not different by gender. More male compared to female patients with diabetic retinopathy were treated. Myopia was significantly higher in girls. Compliance of spectacle wear was higher in girls. Conclusions: Gender inequality for eye care seems to have reduced in the last 10 years in Oman. However, apart from TT and glaucoma patients the difference in service utilization by gender was not statistically significant.
ANALISIS DAMPAK RAMADHAN TERHADAP KINERJA IHSG DAN INDEKS SEKTORAL PERIODE 2008 – 2018

This research aims to analyze trend of stock volatility during Ramadhan, both on the compositeindex (IHSG) and sectoral price index. This research employs data ranging from 2008 – 2018accessed from Eikon – Centre of Economic and Business Data Faculty of Economics andBusiness Universitas Indonesia. In order to analyze whether or not price volatility might differbetween Ramadhan and other periods, this research employs Non-Parametric Mann WhitneyTest, where the result shows that there is not significant difference of stock price volatilitybetween Ramadhan and other periods, as shown by p-values above error level by 5%. DuringRamadhan, the increase in stock price is not as high as those in other periods, even at thesame time, trade during Ramadhan tends to be more dynamic (higher variance). In order toanalyze trend of stock price during Ramadhan, this research employs ARCH GARCH Model,where healthcare sector is the only that experience significant increase in stock price duringRamadhan along 2008 – 2018. The ARCH coefficient is 0.996, while the GARCH coefficientis 0.128. If analyzed deeper, IHSG return during Ramadhan is not significantly different fromother months along 2008 – 2018, even lower. During Ramadhan, the average growth of IHSGreturn is -0.04%, while during other periods, the average growth is 0.07%. Nevertheless, theresult appears to be different when analyzed using sectoral industry return. According to dataprocessing of the research, it is found that healthcare sector is the only one that is increasingduring Ramadhan. Along 2008 – 2018, the increase in return of healthcare sector is 3.21%,while in other periods, it is only increasing by 0.41%. The increase in return of healthcaresector has been mainly driven by the increase in positive expectation of investor due to highersales performance of firms in healthcare industry. The main sales increase focuses on nutritionproduct and prescription medication. Therefore, this finding can be a strategic consideration forinvestor to gain more return upon their portfolio investment.Keywords: Pasar Modal, IHSG, Saham Sektoral, ARCH GARCHJEL Classifications : G1 G110 C580 G120
On the impossibility of central bank independence: four decades of time- (and intellectual) inconsistency

The intellectual justification for modern central banking, time-inconsistency, celebrated its fortieth anniversary in 2017 alongside the Cambridge Journal of Economics. However, the key progeny of the time-inconsistency literature, central bank independence, has fundamental flaws that have been thus far neglected in mainstream research. In the first instance, the argument for independence relies on a utilitarian rather than institutional analysis, one that neglects the genesis of central banks and their relation to other institutions within a country. Second, central bank independence neglects the complex interdependencies of the global monetary and financial system. Applying an institutional lens to the concept of central bank independence, I conclude that ‘independence’ fails under the reality of globalization as much as it does in a domestic context. With central banks reliant on all manner of political institutions, they are never really independent operationally or in terms of policy.
Clinical Experience with Pirfenidone in Connective Tissue Diseases RelatedInterstitial Lung Diseases

Objective: Pirfenidone is a new, anti-fibrotic drug used for the treatmentof idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study was designed to verify the effect of pirfenidone administrated in connective tissue diseases related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). Methods: Twenty two patients diagnosed with CTD-ILD were administrated with a 6-months treatment with or without pirfenidone. At baseline and at months 3rd and 6th, pulmonary function tests, six minute walk distance (6MWD) and HRCT scores were performed. Results: PFD group presented a significant improvement in TLC in the 3rd and 6th month points and DLco was greatly increased in 6th month point, which were all adjusted by the baseline levels, compared with control group (p=0.043, 0.048 and 0.043, respectively). During the follow-up period, TLC was also improved compared to the initial time point and DLco increased obviously in the 6th month point in PFD group (p=0.005, 0.004 and p <0.001 respectively). A lower ground glass score and fibrotic score in the PFD group approached statistical significance after 6-months treatment with pirfenidone when compared with control group (p=0.037 and 0.018, respectively) and decreased greatly in the 6th month point when compared to the former time points in PFD group (p=0.006 and 0.013, respectively), whereas no such changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that pirfenidone could improve the pulmonary function tests and HRCT scores of connective tissue diseases related interstitial lung disease. It is a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment.
The Truth About Triplett (1898), But Nobody Seems to Care

Since Gordon Allport (1954) identified Triplett’s (1898) study as the first social psychological experiment in his handbook chapter on the history of social psychology, most social psychology textbooks have been repeating this claim. They typically add that it was also the first study demonstrating social facilitation. According to their descriptions, Triplett (1898) had children reel in fishing lines and he found that their performance improved when this task was performed in the presence of another child rather than alone. None of this is correct. Triplett’s study was not the first social psychology study (it was not even the first study on social facilitation), the experimental task was described wrongly, and the evidence for social facilitation was overstated. Because correct information about the historical status of the Triplett study has been available for many decades, this type of misinformation raises questions about whether psychologists attach sufficient importance to the history of their discipline.
Multinucleation of koilocytes is in fact multilobation and is related to aberration of the G2 checkpoint

Aims: To clarify the fine structure of koilocytes and correlate this with genetic aberration of the G2 checkpoint Methods: Three dimensional reconstruction from confocal fluorescent images, together with functional assays for key molecules of the G2 checkpoint—cdc2 and cyclin B1—was performed in human uterine cervical samples. After confirming 22 human papillomavirus (HPV) types using a DNA chip from 30 cervical swabs, previously confirmed as 15 cervical low grade and 15 high grade intraepithelial lesions, the activity of molecules involved in the G2 checkpoint was evaluated using western blotting for cyclin B1, cdc2, and phospho-cdc2 (Y15 and T161), a nuclear extraction fractional assay, and a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. In addition, three dimensional confocal image restoration was performed on confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia tissue samples. Results: T161 phospho-cdc2 and cyclin B1 expression was higher in HPV infected cervical lesions than in normal samples. Immunofluorescence, revealed that cyclin B1 was present predominantly in the nuclei of HPV infected cells, confirming the results of the nuclear fractional assay. On restoration of three dimensional confocal images, the multinucleation of koilocytes was revealed to be multilobation of a single nucleus, rather than true multinucleation. This multilobation appeared to be associated with chromosomal instability and aberration of the G2 checkpoint. Conclusions: The multiple nuclei of koilocytes are in fact multilobation of a single nucleus, and this phenomenon is associated with upregulation of gene products related to the G2 checkpoint.
Recent trends in home and work smoking bans

Objectives: Home and work smoking bans at the national and state level in the USA, and their relation to smoking prevalence and to tobacco control policies, are examined. Data: The Current Population Survey’s 1992/93 and 1998/99 tobacco use supplement surveys are the primary data source, supplemented with information on state level tobacco control policies. Methods: The national and state rate of bans are estimated, and changes over the course of the 1990s and their relation to smoking rates and tobacco control policies are examined. Results: The prevalence of work and home bans has increased considerably between 1992/93 and 1998/99. By 1999, over 65% of the population age 15 and above work in places with smoking bans, and over 60% live in homes with bans. We found that states with lower than average ban rates in 1993 tended to have had larger increases in ban rates between 1993 and 1999. We also found that home and work bans became more prevalent in states with initially low smoking rates, and that the growth in home bans coincided with a declining prevalence of smoking. States with higher levels of bans by 1999 also tended to have higher cigarette taxes, stricter clean air laws, and media/comprehensive campaigns in place. Conclusions: The results indicate that lower smoking rates are associated with higher rates of work and home bans, although substantial progress has also been made by those states with initially low rates of bans. While further work is needed to establish the direction of causality, it would appear that reductions in smoking rates, either through stronger tobacco control policies or otherwise, may reduce exposure to tobacco smoke not only by reducing the number of smokers, but also through increasing the number of firms and homes with smoking restrictions.
Vitellogenin induction by a mixture of steroidal estrogens in freshwater fishes and relevant risk assessment

The study method on combined effects of environmental contaminant mixture and ecological risk assessment was discussed. Batch tests were conducted to assess the in vivo potency of binary mixtures of estrogens using plasma vitellogenin concentrations in male crucian carp as the endpoint. The estrogenic potencies of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and 17α‐ethynylestradiol (EE2) were determined following 14 day exposure to the individual chemicals and equipotent binary mixtures. A Nonlinear regression was obtained and 95% confidence limits of effect concentration were achieved using the bootstrap method. Concentration‐response curve for fixed ratio binary mixtures of E2 and EE2 was compared with those for individual chemicals, using the biomathematical models of concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA). A complete overlap was found for the CA predictions with the 95% confidence interval of the best‐fit regression line of the observed responses, and the IA predictions was shown lower than the observations. The observed mixture effects were considerably higher than those of the hormone alone and far exceeded the 95% confidence interval of the estrogen regression lines. The predicted effects of binary mixtures at different mixture ratios indicated that the potential impact of components on mixture would depend predominantly on its concentration, the mixture ratio and its relative potency. Results suggested that E2 and EE2 acted together in an additive manner and the combined effects can be accurately predicted in whole range of exposure concentration by the models of CA and IA, the model of CA might be realistic, but more useful for ecological risk assessment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.