Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor α in the Responses to Bacterial Pyrogenic Stimuli a

Soon after its discovery and biological characterization, it was suggested that tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) was one of the principle endogenous mediators of endotoxic shock. This putative role for TNFa was based on the observations that passive immunization against this protein protected experimental animals from the lethal effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that administration of TNFa to experimental animals could mimic biological effects of LPS.1. 2 If the dose of LPS injected into experimental animals does not exceed a certain level, depending on the species-specific sensitivity to LPS, a characteristic febrile response, rather than a shocklike state, will be induced. If TNFa would be the principle mediator of LPS-induced fever, this cytokine should be produced and released in a temporal pattern consistent with the development of the febrile response; injection of exogenous TNFa in physiological amounts should be capable of eliciting a febrile response; and experimental approaches to antagonize production or action of endogenous TNFa should result in attenuation of fever induced by LPS (3). While there is experimental evidence for systemic release of TNFa during the early stage of LPS-induced fevep-’ and for induction of a febrile response to administration of exogenous TNFa,*-12 studies performed to antagonize endogenous TNFa during LPS-fever were leading, in part, to conflicting results. For example, not in all studies using TNF-antibodies to obtain information on the role of TNFa in LPS-induced fever was it demonstrated that the antibodies really neutralized the endogenous TNFa released in response to LPS (see Ref. 3 for review). From our experiments in guinea pigs we knew that TNF-antisera, which are available at present, show only a small cross-reactivity with TNFa of guinea pigs resulting in a missing or only a slight neutralization of guinea pigs’ TNF-bioactivity. Therefore we could not use antibodies specific for human or murine TNFa as an anti-TNF strategy in our experimental animal model. Thus,
Antifungal activity of some invasive alien plant leaf extracts against mango (Mangifera indica) anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

The antifungal activity of five invasive alien plant leaf extracts against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was studied in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro antifungal activity was based on the inhibitory effects of the extracts on C. gloeosporioides radial growth and conidia formation, while the in vivo activity was based on the development of anthracnose disease on detached mango fruits. For the in vivo test, two plant extracts that showed higher inhibitory effect in vitro were selected and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined and tested against the disease on detached mango fruits applying the extracts at three times of application. The study revealed that the inhibitory effect of the extracts depends on the type of plant species used, method of extraction and time of application of the extracts. Prosopis juliflora and Lantana camara extracts were the most effective plant extracts that significantly reduced radial growth and conidia formation, and reduced disease development on mango fruits. Thus, P. juliflora and L. camara extracts can serve as an alternative means of post-harvest mango anthracnose disease management.
Frequent nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin in pituitary adenoma

β‐catenin (CTNNB1) is known to be a member of the cadherin‐catenin superfamily and to function in cell‐cell adhesion. However, it also has been reported that CTNNB1 plays an important role in carcinogenesis. In the current study, the authors observed expression of the CTNNB1 protein in primary pituitary adenomas to investigate the role of CTNNB1 in the development of pituitary adenomas.
N-Fixation of Selected Green Manure Plants in an Organic Crop Rotation

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the N-fixation potential of different leguminous green manure plants grown in the autumn after harvest of a barley main crop. Fixed above ground N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) was estimated both by the 15N isotope dilution method and by the total-N difference method. Winter rape (Brassica napus), winter rye (Secale cereale) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) were grown as non-fixing control plants for the estimation of N-fixation of leguminous green manure plants. It was concluded that Italian ryegrass was the most suitable control plant, and that the choice of control plant can be important for the results. When using Italian ryegrass as control plant, no significant difference was observed between the total N difference method and the 15N isotope dilution method. N-fixation varied strongly among the plant species and differed between the two years. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) fixed more than 100 kg N ha−1 at least in one of the two investigated years. The highest estimated Ndfa was 149 kg N ha−1 in the above ground plant material of hairy vetch in 1997. Ndfa of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) was below 60 or 100 kg N ha−1 in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Weather conditions and soil moisture, which are crucial during germination and early plant development, may be an explanation for lower N- fixation in 1996 than in 1997. With respect to N, the results indicate that extended use of green manure could strongly reduce the need for full year green manure crops in stockless organic crop rotations.
SUN-LB68 Advanced Glycation Endproducts Are Associated With Worse Bone Material Strength in Older Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are at increased fracture risk despite having relatively normal or even increased BMD by DXA. The critical aspect of bone quality deterioration in T2D patients could explain this clinically important discrepancy. Material composition is a component of bone quality that has emerged as a potential factor contributing to fragility fractures in T2D patients. However, there is sparse evidence regarding whether T2D patients have decreased bone material properties compared with non-diabetic controls. We hypothesized that increased production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) has an important role in reducing bone material strength in patients with and without diabetes. Thus, we used the OsteoProbe®, a bone microindentation device that provides an index of cortical bone material properties (Bone Material Strength index – BMSi) in men with T2D age ≥ 50 yrs or postmenopausal women with T2D and nondiabetic controls. We also utilized a non-invasive measure of skin AGEs (AGE Reader®) to evaluate AGEs accumulation through skin autofluorescence. Linear regression models were used to assess group differences with and without adjusting for age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sex. Relationships between variables were assessed using adjusted Pearson correlations. A total of 152 T2D patients (mean age 68.5 ±7.6 yrs.; 59.2% men; HbA1C=7.7 ±1.0%; mean diabetes duration 15.5 yrs.) and 105 non-diabetic controls (mean age 67.2±8.8 yrs.; 41.0% men; HbA1C =5.4 ±0.3%) were recruited to the study. Overall, there was no difference in BMSi between T2DM and control subjects: unadjusted (p= 0.636); adjusted (p= 0.695). However, skin AGEs were negatively correlated with BMSi (r= -0.23, p <0.001). In subgroup analyses, skin AGEs were also negatively associated with BMSi in both T2DM (r= -0.23, p=0.004) and control (r= -0.21, p=0.033) subjects. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that a higher burden of AGEs is associated with worse bone quality. Our findings may explain the conflicting findings regarding reductions in BMSi in T2D because only T2D patients with a high level of AGEs accumulation have impaired BMSi. Moreover, the association of skin AGEs with BMSi in non-diabetic subjects emphasizes the important role of AGEs in decreasing bone quality and potentially contributing to fracture risk. Collectively, our data indicate that non-invasive skin AGEs measurement could be used as a tool to evaluate bone quality in patients with T2D as well as in the non-diabetic population.
EFFECTS OF A SEVERE DROUGHT ON GROWTH AND WOOD ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUERCUS FAGINEA

We studied the growth response to drought of a Quercus faginea Lam. stand in a xeric site in NE Spain, that experienced an intense defoliation in 1993–94. This event coincided with very low precipitation from November to February, the period when total monthly precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. We evaluated the effects of November–February precipitation (recharge precipitation, RP) on internode length, radial growth, and wood anatomy. Quercus faginea showed reduced longitudinal and radial growth during the years with low RP, and most sampled trees did not produce latewood in 1993–94 but showed wide earlywood vessels. We observed the reverse for years with a high RP. Radial growth was enhanced by increased precipitation during January and May of the growth year. If severe droughts become more frequent, due to a greater climatic variability, extensive dieback of marginal Q. faginea populations may be expected.
A Method for Determining Water Transport in Trees

A new form of heat—flow analysis was developed to measure water transport in tree trunks. The application of the energy budget required the installation of heat—flow plates and thermocouples under the bark to measure the natural heat exchange between the water—conducting layer of xylem and the adjacent parts of the tree. The equipment was installed on two large branches of an ash tree and on the main trunk below. Over an extended period of time the sum of the flow through the two branches was equal to than through the main trunk, but early in the morning water loss was so high from the branch on the west side of the tree that water must have moved to it from the protected branch on the east. Immediately following sunrise, water loss from the east side was greater. During rain there was reversed transport, indicating that water was absorbed through the leaves. This method permits practically instantaneous measurement of transpiration losses from large trees with no disturbance of the environment of the cro.
The Growth of Internodes in Helianthus in Response to Far-Red Light

The effect of far-red light on the growth of the second internode was studied in Helianthus annuus L. The plants were grown in a greenhouse during the early stages of development, then transferred to a growth chamber where they were exposed to 12 h light and 12 h darkness. Far-red treatments were initiated when the second internode was 1 mm long and were continued until the second internode attained its final length, a period of 2-3 wk. The experimental plants were subjected daily to far-red irradiation at the beginning of the dark period, for 4-32 min in dose-response studies, and for 16 min in all other studies. The internodes of plants that were exposed to supplementary far-red light grew at a faster rate and became longer than those of the control plants. There was no significant difference in the duration of the growing period. Under the conditions of these experiments, the longer the exposure to far-red irradiation, up to 16 min, the greater the promotion of growth; but there was no further increase when the irradiation was extended to 32 min. Histological studies on the pith showed that the longer internodes of the treated plants were composed of longer cells and of a larger number of cells than those of the control plants. Irradiation of selected parts of the shoot system demonstrated that the increase in growth of the internode was the result of far-red light acting on both the internode and on other parts of the shoot system.
Ecology, environmentalism and green religion

Forests offer diverse values to society, including timber, aesthetics, wildlife and biodiversity values, employment and wealth. Forests must be managed to provide the balance of values at the landscape level that the prevailing society deems to be consistent with the basic concept of sustainable development: to satisfy the needs and aspirations of present generations of humans without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their needs and aspirations.Management of forests to satisfy the requirements of sustainability will not be successful if based solely on the science of ecology, because this science cannot tell foresters what their goals should be. It will also fail if it is based solely on green religion, because this frequently ignores the ecological requirements of many of the living organisms in forest ecosystems, and the needs of the world's present human population, let alone the increase in human numbers that is expected within the next century.Broadly-defined environmentalism.
Larval behaviour of macrobrachium novaehollandiae (De Man) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Larvae of the estuarine prawn M. novaehollandiae tested in the laboratory using point sources and gradients of light are strongly photopositive (tropotactic) during the first 2 of their 12 larval stages. Despite this response few larvae swim near the water surface for long periods of time while illuminated from above, and more larvae swim during darkness than in light. Stage X larvae and subsequent stages are photonegative but stages 111-IX may be either photopositive or photonegative. Most larvae of all stages rest on the bottom for long periods, a mechanism which can prevent large-scale seawards movement down an estuary. Other biotic factors such as salinity, pressure and temperature have no marked influence on orientation and movement of the larvae.
In Full Flow: Left Ventricular Assist Device Infections in the Modern Era

Abstract With the rising prevalence of heart disease in the United States, there is increasing reliance on durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) to treat patients with end-stage heart failure. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), the most common form of durable MCS, are implanted mechanical pumps that connect to an external power source through a transcutaneous driveline. First-generation LVADs were bulky, pulsatile pumps that were frequently complicated by infection. Second-generation LVADs have an improved design, though infection remains a common and serious complication due to the inherent nature of implanted MCS. Infections can affect any component of the LVAD, with driveline infections being the most common. LVAD infections carry significant morbidity and mortality for LVAD patients. Therefore, it is paramount for the multidisciplinary team of clinicians caring for these patients to be familiar with this complication. We review the epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of LVAD infections.
Bovine Insemination Results after the Addition of two Combinations of Antibiotics to the Semen Extender

Contents: The addition of the antibiotic combinations penicillin and streptomycin on the one hand, and gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin, and spectinomycin on the other hand, to a Tris egg-yolk extender for bovine semen was investigated on the basis of insemination results. The nonreturn rates, calculated separately for heifers (n = 2108) and cows (n = 8930), showed no significant differences between the two combinations of antibiotics. Inhalt: Besamungsergebnisse beim Rind nach Zugabe von zwei Antibiotikakombinationen zum Spermaverdunner Es wurde die Beimischung der Antibiotikakombinationen Penkillin und Streptomyzin bzw. Gentamicin, Tylosin, Lincomycin und Spectinomycin zu einem Trisverdunner fur Rindersamen anhand der Besamungsresultate uberpruft. Die getrennt fur Rinder (n = 2108) und Kuhe (n = 8930) berechneten Nonreturnraten ergaben keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Antibiotikakombinationen.
Regulation of Interferon-τ Gene Expression and the Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy

In order for pregnancy to be established, the maternal system must recognize the presence of a conceptus(es) within the uterus. This physiological phenomenon, which subsequently causes the extension of the corpus luteum (CL) life-span, is known as maternal recognition of pregnancy. In ruminant ungulates, interferon-tau (IFNτ), produced by the conceptus, binds to the receptor located in the maternal endometrium in a paracrine manner. Its binding then affects levels of endometrial oxytocin receptor and estrogen receptor, which reduces pulsatile secretion of a luteolysin, prostaglandin F2α, resulting in the extension of CL function. Production of IFNτ seems to parallel the degree of trophoblast elongation and as the conceptus begins its attachment to the endometrium, IFNτ levels decline rapidly. Involvement of IFNτ in the process of implantation has long been suspected, but a role for IFNτ other than CL extension or transcriptional regulation of IFNτ genes has not been elucidated. In fact, several transcription factors that regulate the expression of IFNτ have been found, but none could explain its unique regulation. Recent findings related to maternal recognition of pregnancy are presented herein and a new insight into the potential regulation of IFNτ is discussed.
Identification and Characterization of Transcription FactorsRegulating Arabidopsis HAK5

Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and reproduction. HAK5, an Arabidopsis high-affinity K transporter gene, plays an important role in K uptake. Its expression is up-regulated in response to K deprivation and is rapidly down-regulated when sufficient K levels have been re-established. To identify transcription factors regulating HAK5, an Arabidopsis TF FOX (Transcription Factor Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor) library containing approximately 800 transcription factors was used to transform lines previously transformed with a luciferase reporter gene whose expression was driven by the HAK5 promoter. When grown under sufficient K levels, 87 lines with high luciferase activity were identified, and endogenous HAK5 expression was confirmed in 27 lines. Four lines overexpressing DDF2 (Dwarf and Delayed Flowering 2), JLO (Jagged Lateral Organs), TFII_A (Transcription initiation Factor II_A gamma chain) and bHLH121 (basic Helix–Loop–Helix 121) were chosen for further characterization by luciferase activity, endogenous HAK5 level and root growth in K-deficient conditions. Further analysis showed that the expression of these transcription factors increased in response to low K and salt stress. In comparison with controls, root growth under low K conditions was better in each of these four TF FOX lines. Activation of HAK5 expression by these four transcription factors required at least 310 bp of upstream sequence of the HAK5 promoter. These results indicate that at least these four transcription factors can bind to the HAK5 promoter in response to K limitation and activate HAK5 expression, thus allowing plants to adapt to nutrient stress.
PEDIATRIC SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION, PUBERTY, AND BONE BIOLOGY Screening of Vitamin D and Calcium Concentrations in Neonates of Mothers at High Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency

A28 JESOCI, Volume 4, Abstract Supplement, 2020 Conclusion: The main difficulty encountered with cancer developing from TGDC is that the diagnosis is usually made during surgery and from definitive pathological samples. The most common surgical procedure used is the Sistrunk procedure. Some studies have suggested that this procedure alone is an adequate therapy, but others advocate the need for total thyroidectomy. The Sistrunk procedure is considered to be appropriate for low-risk patients, but high-risk patients must undergo total thyroidectomy. The decision to perform a total thyroidectomy in this patient was based on her high-risk classification due to: age, sex, cyst size, and a positive FNA for malignancy. Follow-up includes an annual physical examination, thyroglobulin levels, and an US every 6 months during the first year and annually thereafter.
Infectious Diseases Society of America / American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

Lionel A. Mandell, Richard G. Wunderink, Antonio Anzueto, John G. Bartlett, G. Douglas Campbell, Nathan C. Dean, Scott F. Dowell, Thomas M. File, Jr. Daniel M. Musher, Michael S. Niederman, Antonio Torres, and Cynthia G. Whitney McMaster University Medical School, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; University of Texas Health Science Center and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LDS Hospital, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, and Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio; State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, and Department of Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; and Cap de Servei de Pneumologia i Allèrgia Respiratòria, Institut Clı́nic del Tòrax, Hospital Clı́nic de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBER CB06/06/0028, Barcelona, Spain.
Responses in rumen fermentation and milk-fat secretion in cows receiving low-roughage diets supplemented with protected tallow

Summary The effects on rumen fermentation and milk-fat secretion of a dietary supplement of protected tallow given to 4 Friesian cows established on a low-roughage ration and with depressed milk fat is reported. The ratios of acetate to propionate in the rumen were unaffected by the supplement and remained typical of those associated with low-roughage diets in that the proportion of propionate was increased. The supplement produced almost complete recoveries in yield and content of milk fat without any increase in intramammary fatty-acid synthesis. The recoveries were due to transfer of about 20% of the total fatty acids of the tallow supplement. These results are discussed in relation to the effects of low-roughage diets on milk-fat secretion and it is concluded that in the ‘low-fat syndrome’ the capacity of the mammary gland to absorb preformed fatty acids is not impaired.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN PAPILLA FOLIATA

5 Obtained through time n-ootmmtesy nsf lJ5ui(sfl Cari)ide Cimeummin-nols Cosmmpnismv. aommincd by electron nmin-roscopy provides onuc possible approach to the problems of clectromi histochenmistrv. Such removal is also desirable where the presence of copper causes development of photogrtupimincnmmulsions, thus intenfcnismg n-ith aut oradiography (unpublished o)bscrvat ions). Lastly, the umse of radioisotopes offers a sensitive and an-curate nicasms oof ismvcst igal ismg iuiston-ioesmmi n-al ummetimods for mmmetals tosmd oil hoer stihstnosmces.