Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2011 Tohoku Tsunami from the Sky: A Review on the Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Damage Assessment

The Tohoku tsunami was a devastating event that struck North-East Japan in 2011 and remained in the memory of people worldwide. The amount of devastation was so great that it took years to achieve a proper assessment of the economical and structural damage, with the consequences still being felt today. However, this tsunami was also one of the first observed from the sky by modern satellites and aircrafts, thus providing a unique opportunity to exploit these data and train artificial intelligence methods that could help to better handle the aftermath of similar disasters in the future. This paper provides a review of how artificial intelligence methods applied to case studies about the Tohoku tsunami have evolved since 2011. We focus on more than 15 studies that are compared and evaluated in terms of the data they require, the methods used, their degree of automation, their metric performances, and their strengths and weaknesses.
Experts versus Algorithms? Optimized Fuzzy Logic Energy Management of Autonomous PV Hybrid Systems with Battery and H2 Storage

Off-grid applications based on intermittent solar power benefit greatly from hybrid energy storage systems consisting of a battery short-term and a hydrogen long-term storage path. An intelligent energy management is required to balance short-, intermediate- and long-term fluctuations in electricity demand and supply, while maximizing system efficiency and minimizing component stress. An energy management was developed that combines the benefits of an expert-knowledge based fuzzy logic approach with a metaheuristic particle swarm optimization. Unlike in most existing work, interpretability of the optimized fuzzy logic controller is maintained, allowing the expert to evaluate and adjust it if deemed necessary. The energy management was tested with 65 1-year household load datasets. It was shown that the expert tuned controller is more robust to changes in load pattern then the optimized controller. However, simple readjustments restore robustness, while largely retaining the benefits achieved through optimization. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that there is no one-size-fits-all tuning. Especially, large power peaks on the demand-side require overly conservative tunings. This is not desirable in situations where such peaks can be avoided through other means.
Linezolid resistance in vancomycin resistant enterococci: a worrisome situation

Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens since 1986. VRE have been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates than vancomycin susceptible enterococci. Of over 50 species of Enterococcus, a genus of Gram-positive cocci arranged in pairs and short chains, E. faecalis is the most common cause of infections whereas E. faecium is the species exhibiting highest rate of antibiotic resistance. VRE have been implicated in varieties of infections such as bacteremia, infective endocarditis, intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, urinary tract infections, central nervous system infections and skin and skin structure infections. Since VRE exhibit multidrug resistance, there are very limited options for treatment of infections caused by them. One of the major treatment options is linezolid. The drug is the first member of oxazolidinones that received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2000 as the last-resort drug for treatment of serious Gram-positive bacterial infections, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. This bacteriostatic drug binds to rRNAs of both the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, inhibits formation of initiation complex and prevents the synthesis of bacterial protein. Though this drug has been very useful to treat serious infections caused by VRE, some strains of enterococci have already been found to exhibit resistance to this drug.
Island colonization by a ‘rheophilic’ fish: the phylogeography of Garra ceylonensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka

Despite exhibiting multiple morphological adaptations to living in swiftly flowing water (rheophily), Garra ceylonensis is one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish in Sri Lanka. It is thus an ideal organism to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a widespread, yet morphologically specialized, freshwater fish in a tropical-island setting. We analysed the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of G. ceylonensis based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes. G. ceylonensis is shown to be monophyletic, with a sister-group relationship to the Indian species Garra mullya. Our results suggest a single colonization of Sri Lanka by ancestral Garra, in the late Pliocene. This suggests that the Palk Isthmus, which was exposed for most of the Pleistocene, had a hydroclimate unsuited to the dispersal of fishes such as Garra. G. ceylonensis exhibits strong phylogeographic structure: six subclades are distributed as genetically distinct populations in clusters of contiguous river basins, albeit with two exceptions. Our data reveal one or more Pleistocene extirpation events, evidently driven by aridification, with relict populations subsequently re-colonizing the island. The phylogeographic structure of G. ceylonensis suggests inter-basin dispersal largely through headwater capture, likely facilitated by free-swimming post-larvae. The Peninsular-Indian species G. mullya comprises two genetically distinct parapatric clades, which may represent distinct species.
COVID-19 Infections in the Childhood Age Group

COVID-19 ( coronavirus disease 2019 ) infection in children mostly occurs with asymptomatic or milder symptoms and signs. The pathogenesis of lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children compared to adults is associated with immune system characteristics. Children have strong innate immune response due to live-vaccines and frequent viral infections, therefore it is thought that this situation have a critical role early control of infection at the site of entry. Hospitalization is high in under two years of age, in severe and critical illness, and in the presence of underlying disease. Although it can be seen as transmission from adults in the family ( household transmission ), transmission from child to child is also possible. Nonspecific supportive treatments and appropriate glucocorticoid treatment planning can be made for hospitalized patients based on the presence of additional oxygen requirement, invasive/noninvasive respiratory support requirement, underlying chronic disease and immunosuppression. Although there is no effective vaccination for children yet, clinical studies on this subject are ongoing. Protection measures for children are similar to those for adults.
Tailored digitization with real-time locating systems

We are seeing a boom in the use of real-time position data to automate and optimize tasks in the field of production and logistics. Here we consider the reasons for this, show what has already proven to be industrially viable and give an overview of six current research efforts. We show which use cases have been automated by RTLS and where RTLS could play a role to further optimize production processes or material flows in the future.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: NEW EVIDENCE FROM NONLINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG

We examine the long-run relationship between tourism development and economic growth using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for Bangladesh using annual data from 1980 to 2016. We find an asymmetric relationship between tourism and Bangladesh’s economy since a 1% increase in tourism receipt increases economic growth by about 0.19%. On the contrary, due to a 1% decline in the tourism receipt, economic growth will decrease by about 0.66%. So, the decline in tourism receipt will have a higher negative impact on economic growth than the increase in the tourism receipt in Bangladesh, which result is important for current pandemic situation in tourism due to Covid-19. We also reveal that the impact of positive change in the tourism revenue on GDP stabilizes around 8 years; however, an adverse change on GDP does not stabilize in 15 years. We recommend that a systematic allocation of resources is required to promote and stimulate the tourism industry in Bangladesh for a favourable impact on the country’s long-run economic development.
Lehmann Type II Frechet Poisson Distribution: Properties, Inference and Applications as a Life Time Distribution

A new generalization of the Frechet distribution called Lehmann Type II Frechet Poisson distribution is defined and studied. Various structural mathematical properties of the proposed model including ordinary moments, incomplete moments, generating functions, order statistics, Renyi entropy, stochastic ordering, Bonferroni and Lorenz curve, mean and median deviation, stress-strength parameter are investigated. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. We examine the performance of the maximum likelihood method by means of a numerical simulation study. The new distribution is applied for modeling three real data sets to illustrate empirically its flexibility and tractability in modeling life time data.
RAPID DETERMINATION OF TARTRAZINE IN SELECTED FOODSTUFFS COMMONLY CONSUMED IN OUJDA CITY (MOROCCO) BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH UV-DAD DETECTION

The present study deals determination of Tartrazine, which is known as an azo dye, present in three different kinds of yellow foodstuffs: solid juice powders, solid jelly powders and soft drinks commercially available food items inOujda-Moroccomarkets. Tartrazine present in different kinds of yellow foodstuffs was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-DAD detection. The following food dye was analyzed within less than 10 min using analytical C18 column (4.6 ×150 mm, 10 μm) at ambient temperature. This method has potential to be used for Tartrazine due to its rapidness, simplicity, reliability, and sensitivity. All studied samples showed dye levels in according to the legislations adopted by the official food control laboratories inMorocco.
Sensitivities to biological aerosol particle properties and ageing processes: potential implications for aerosol–cloud interactions and optical properties

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and pollen, represent a small fraction of the total aerosol burden. Based on process model studies, we identify trends in the relative importance of PBAP properties, e.g., number concentration, diameter, hygroscopicity, surface tension, and contact angle, for their aerosol–cloud interactions and optical properties. While the number concentration of PBAPs likely does not affect total cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations globally, small changes in the hygroscopicity of submicron PBAPs might affect their CCN ability and thus their inclusion into clouds. Given that PBAPs are highly efficient atmospheric ice nuclei (IN) at T > −10 ∘C, we suggest that small changes in their sizes or surface properties due to chemical, physical, or biological processing might translate into large impacts on ice initiation in clouds. Predicted differences in the direct interaction of PBAPs with radiation can be equally large between different species of the same PBAP type and among different PBAP types. Our study shows that not only variability of PBAP types but also their physical, chemical, and biological ageing processes might alter their CCN and IN activities to affect their aerosol–cloud interactions and optical properties. While these properties and processes likely affect radiative forcing only on small spatial and temporal scales, we highlight their potential importance for PBAP survival, dispersion, and transport in the atmosphere.
From Targeted Quantification to Untargeted Metabolomics

Metabolomics is an emerging and rapidly evolving technology tool, which involves quantitative and qualitative metabolite assessments science. It offers tremendous promise for different applications in various fields such as medical, environmental, nutrition, and agricultural sciences. Metabolomic approach is based on global identification of a high number of metabolites present in a biological fluid. This allows to characterize the metabolic profile of a given condition and to identify which metabolites or metabolite patterns may be useful in the discrimination between different groups. The use of one mass spectrometry (MS) platform from targeted quantification to untargeted metabolomics will make more efficient workflows in many fields and should allow projects to be more easily undertaken and realized. Metabolomics can be divided into non-targeted and targeted. The first one can analyze metabolites derived from the organisms comprehensively and systematically, so it is an unbiased metabolomics analysis that can discover new biomarkers. Targeted metabolomics, on the other hand, is the study and analysis of specific metabolites. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages, and are often used in combination for discovery and accurate weight determination of differential metabolites, and allow in-depth research and analysis of subsequent metabolic molecular markers. Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics are involved in food identification, disease research, animal model verification, biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, drug development, drug screening, drug evaluation, clinical plant metabolism and microbial metabolism research. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the versatility of metabolomic analysis due to both the enormous variety of samples and the no strict barriers between quantitative and qualitative analysis. For this purpose, two examples from our group will be considered. Using nontargeted metabolomics in opposite Antarctic cryptoendolytic communities exposed to the sun, we revealed specific adaptations. Instead, through the targeted metabolomics applied to the urine during childbirth, we identified a different distribution of specific metabolites and the metabolic differences allowed us to discriminate between the two phases of labor, highlighting the metabolites most involved in the discrimination. The choice of these two approaches is to highlight that metabolomic analysis can be applied to any sample, even physiologically and metabolomically very distant, as can be microorganisms living on Antarctic rocks and biological fluids such as urine.
New Psychometric Evidence of a Bifactor Structure of the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) in Ecuadorian College Students

Background Emotion Regulation comprises a set of strategies (cognitive, emotional, and physiological) that allow individuals faced with internal or external stimuli to manage their emotional response, to adapt to the environment, and to achieve goals. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is used to assess Emotion Regulation. It has been translated into several languages (including Spanish) and has been adapted around the world, but its psychometric properties have not been tested in Ecuador. Objective To confirm the bifactor structure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and its reliability in a sample of Ecuadorian college students. Design A quantitative and instrumental study using Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Robust Maximum Likelihood estimation. The sample consisted of 400 participants (62.5% women), aged 18 to 25 (M = 21.1; SD = 1.95) from two universities in Ecuador and seven different undergraduate courses. Results The bifactor model of the test is confirmed with an adequate adjustment ꭓ2 = 35.99; p > . 001; ꭓ2/df = 1.43; CFI = . 98; TLI = . 96; SRMR = . 034; and RMSE A = . 033 CI95%: [. 033–. 052]; ωH = . 70; ωHs1 = . 23; ωHs2 = . 35. Reliability is high with ω = . 86 CI95%: [. 81–. 88]. Conclusion The bifactor model of the ERQ is an adequate and reliable test to assess Emotion Regulation among Ecuadorian college students.
A retrospective cohort study on clinical characteristics of heart failure patients with HFrEF, HFmrEFand HFpEF in geriatrics of Northeastern China

Background: Heart failure (HF) has been considered as one of the leading cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and high mortality in the world. However, there is a lack of analysis on the clinical characteristics of different types of elderly HF patients in geriatrics of Northeastern China.We conducted this single-center, retrospective study to evaluate the clinical characteristics of HF patients with mid-range(HFmrEF), preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a Chinese cohort. Methods: The study was conducted on 1230 patients of age 60 or above, with HF from Jan. 02, 2014 to May 03, 2018 hospitalized in geriatrics department, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. All the patients met the definition for HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF according to 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines.Targeted variables including demographics, vital signs, comorbidities and lab assessment results were compared among the three groups by Pearson’s χ2 test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for risk factor exploration on the three types of HF. Results:Of the 1230 patients included (78.28±9.0years, 67.15%male), there are 93 patients with HFrEF(7.5%), 56 patients with HFmrEF (4.5%) and 1081 patients with HFpEF (87.8%). Compared to patients with HFpEF, those with HFmrEF were more likely to have comorbid acute myocardial infarction, infection and coronary artery disease, had higher level of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell (WBC). And patients with HFpEF were more frequently to be female, to be older, and to have comorbid peripheral artery disease, but less frequently had AMI, CAD and kidney disease than those with HFrEF. However, patients with HFmrEF had no significant difference from those with HFrEF. Multivariable analysis showed that comorbid atrial fibrillation,AMI and infection were associated with HFmrEF (p<0.05), whereas female, old age, comorbid hypertension,and PAD were associatedwithHFpEF, and CAD,kidney disease were associated with HFrEF (p<0.05). Conclusions:The results of our study supported that patients with HFmrEF were closer to patients with HFrEF in respect to most of the demographics andclinical characteristics observed, while showing certain differences from patients with HFpEF. Trial registration: The study was approved by the local ethics committee from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University(#2020232,July 13,2020).
A study of cyclic carbonate aminolysis at room temperature: effect of cyclic carbonate structures and solvents on polyhydroxyurethane synthesis

In recent years, intensive research and development have been carried out for the synthesis of isocyanate free polyurethanes from the reaction between five-membered cyclic carbonates and amines to yield polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). Nevertheless, this reaction presents two main drawbacks: the low reactivity of cyclic carbonate aminolysis and the low molar masses of synthesized PHUs. Firstly, our work intends to propose a wider reactivity study on various C5 and C6 in order to determine the influence of substituents attached to the cyclic carbonate and to compare the reactivity of C5 and C6 with exactly the same substituents. Moreover, we completed this study with new structures with promising reactivity such as C5 and C6 with ethyl-ester or trimethylhexanoate substituents that have never been studied in the literature. Hence, a range of cyclic carbonate models with different structures, 5-, 6-membered cyclic carbonate (C5, C6) or 5-membered-dithio-cyclic carbonate (Cs), were synthesized. Secondly, this kinetic study has brought to light a partial conversion of precursors during the aminolysis reaction that can be responsible for the low molar masses of PHUs. This partial conversion is caused mainly by the formation of hydrogen bonding inter- and intra-chains limiting the diffusivity of species during the polymerization. A model study showed that the use of protic solvents improves the reactivity of cyclic carbonates and increases the conversion during their aminolysis reaction. Therefore, this protic solvent gives its mobility back to the precursors by limiting the creation of hydrogen bonding inter- and intra-chains. Finally, the efficiency of protic solvents on the synthesis of PHU polymers was evaluated.
Molybdenum Sulfide: A Bioinspired Electrocatalyst for Dissimilatory Ammonia Synthesis with Geoelectrical Current

Abiotic reduction of nitrate/nitrite to ammonia in ancient ocean environments is essential for prebiotic chemical evolution and the early evolution of cellular metabolisms. Although Fe-bearing minerals have been extensively studied as reductants, the incompatibility of these reactions with the paleo-oceanic chemical conditions would have contributed only to low conversion rates. A recent model of prebiotic synthesis driven by geoelectricity suggests that less-abundant transition metals might have played a role in ammonia synthesis. Herein, we report that the electrochemical reduction of nitrate/nitrite to ammonia is effectively catalyzed by molybdenum sulfide over a wide pH range (pH 3–11). The pH dependence of the onset potential of the denitrification current indicates that this superior activity is due to the ability to induce concerted proton–electron transfer (CPET), contributing to a turnover frequency comparable to those of the extant Mo-dependent nitrate reductases. In a manner similar to biologic.
A two‐step abnormal data analysis and processing method for millimetre‐wave radar in traffic flow detection applications

In a new application scenario where the millimetre-wave radar is installed above the road for detecting trafﬁc ﬂow in downward looking direction, the original data of the radar includes all kinds of background noises and false targets. In order to acquire effective vehicle trajectories, a two-step abnormal data processing method for millimetre-wave radar in trafﬁc ﬂow detection application is proposed. In the ﬁrst step, the rational range of distance, angle and speed are studied, and proper thresholds are presented for reducing the samples of which the single parameter is with the obvious abnormality. Moreover, the nearest neighbour analysis method is used to further extract vehicle trajectories based on the similarity and slope characteristics of each sample to its neighbours. Taking actual detected data as samples, the weighting coefﬁcients, similarity threshold, average slope threshold and standard deviation threshold are calibrated for the proposed nearest neighbour analysis method. The two-step processing method presents a higher performance in extracting effective trajectory samples, and the ratio of noise