Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impossible decision? An investigation of risk trade-offs in the intensive care unit

Abstract In the intensive care unit (ICU), clinicians must often make risk trade-offs on patient care. For example, on deciding whether to discharge a patient before they have fully recovered in order to create a bed for another, sicker, patient. When misjudged, these decisions can negatively influence patient outcomes: yet it can be difficult, if not impossible, for clinicians to evaluate with certainty the safest course of action. Using a vignette-based interview methodology, a naturalistic decision-making approach was utilised to study this phenomena. The decision preferences of ICU clinicians (n = 24) for two common risk trade-off scenarios were investigated. Qualitative analysis revealed the sample of clinicians to reach different, and sometimes oppositional, decision preferences. These practice variations emerged from differing analyses of risk, how decisions were ‘framed’ (e.g. philosophies on care), past experiences, and perceptions of group and organisational norms. Implications for patient safety and clinical decision-making are discussed. Practitioner Summary: Physicians managing ICUs have to make rapid decisions with incomplete information and suboptimal resources. A qualitative vignette-based interview study examined how such decisions are made. We found physicians used a heterogeneous mixture of risk assessments, factual knowledge and prior experience to make judgements, which leads to potential for inconsistent decision-making.
Do common in silico tools predict the clinical consequences of amino‐acid substitutions in the CFTR gene?

Dorfman R, Nalpathamkalam T, Taylor C, Gonska T, Keenan K, Yuan XW, Corey M, Tsui L‐C, Zielenski J, Durie P. Do common in silico tools predict the clinical consequences of amino‐acid substitutions in the CFTR gene?
Aroma Therapy in Anti-Aging Medicine

Medical aromatherapy aimed at enhancing the prevention and symptomatic treatment of disease is widely used in nursing and the nursing field. It is important that the specific fragrance and its application are selected only after the absorption and mechanism of action of its essential oil are understood. Because it acts on the hippocampus and autonomic nervous system, fragrance stimulation has been considered a complementary and alternative medical therapy for dementia, sleeplessness and sleep disturbance, all of which are related to aging. The in vivo role of free radicals in the development of various diseases has recently been identified. A recent study reported that fragrance use enhanced the elimination of free radicals, and wide application of this modality in complementary and alternative medicine is expected.
All-Inorganic CsPbX3 Perovksite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects.

Recently, lead halide-based perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in photovoltaic research due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among them, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made very rapid progress with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) now at 23.7%. However the intrinsically unstable nature of these materials, particularly to moisture and heat, may be a problem for their long-term stability. Replacing the fragile organic group with more robust inorganic Cs+ cations forms the cesium lead halide system (CsPbX3, X is halide) as all-inorganic perovskites which are much more thermally stable and often more stable to other factors. From the first report in 2015 to now, the PCE of CsPbX3-based PSCs has abruptly increased from 2.9% to 17.1% with much enhanced stability. In this review, we aim to summarize the field up to now, propose solutions in terms of development bottlenecks, and attempt to boost further research in CsPbX3 PSCs. After a general introduction, we discuss the various CsPbX¬3 materials and cells beginning with CsPbI3, followed by CsPbBr3 and then the mixed halide CsPb(I,Br)3 materials and cells. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the future development of CsPbX3 PSCs are presented.
Clinical profile of cyclosporine in dermatology

Cyclosporine is one of the most effective agents available for the treatment of psoriasis. It is also widely used in atopic dermatitis and other dermatological disorders. Recent consensus guidelines for psoriasis recommend an initial dosage of 2.5–5 mg/kg/day (in one or two daily doses), with adjustments of 0.5–1 mg/kg/day every 1–2 weeks; the maximum daily dosage is 6 mg/kg/day. The most widely used cyclosporine schedule is intermittent short‐term therapy for 12–16 weeks; subsequently, when relapse occurs, treatment is restarted at the previously established, effective dosage. Short‐term cyclosporine therapy is also particularly useful as a “rescue” treatment for severe disease flares, and as a “bridging” treatment to other maintenance schedules. Hypertension and renal dysfunction are the major tolerability issues, but these are related to dose and treatment duration, and can be markedly reduced if appropriate dosage and monitoring guidelines are followed. Generally, if cyclosporine dosage is maintained at ≤5 mg/kg/day, and treatment duration at ≤2 years, these events are reversible after treatment is stopped. As definitive clinical experience continues to accrue for several cyclosporine monotherapy and combination regimens in various dermatological disorders, cyclosporine is likely to markedly extend its already integral therapeutic role in dermatology. Drug Dev Res 72:634–646, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy of Health Research Reported in the Popular Press: Breast Cancer and Mammography

The print media's dissemination of health information is important in shaping public beliefs and possibly behavior. Print media reports, some of them con- flicting, concerning breast cancer and mammography have been prominent, leading to an intense and confused public reaction. This investigation evaluated the accuracy of popular accounts of research pertaining to breast cancer and mammography appearing in magazines and newspapers during a 2-year period. The reports were evaluated in two ways: (a) the adequacy of the information provided for locating the cited piece of research and (b) the accuracy of the information conveyed about the research. For the latter analysis, discrepancies between the original scientific publication and the popular account were cate- gorized. In 116 articles, there were 113 citations to a scientific study; 60 of these citations were traceable to the original source. Of these 60 traceable citations, 42 content-based inaccuracies were found. The results are discussed in terms of .
New mutations in ZFPM2/FOG2 gene in tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle

De Luca A, Sarkozy A, Ferese R, Consoli F, Lepri F, Dentici ML, Vergara P, De Zorzi A, Versacci P, Digilio MC, Marino B, Dallapiccola B. New mutations in ZFPM2/FOG2 gene in tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle.
Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activity of a C-glycosidic Flavonoid Derived from Enicostemma hyssopifolium

Objective: Our study was aimed to determine the aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity of Enicostemma hyssopifolium (EH) and isolation and characterization of the bioactive principle responsible for the activity.Methods: An enzyme, aldose reductase, was isolated from the lenses of Wistar rats. An enzyme inhibitory assay was performed on the extract and bitter fraction of aerial parts. Two major components from methanol extract were isolated and characterized and subjected for AR inhibitory assay. Their anticataract potential was assessed in vitro by studying their effect on polyol accumulation in rat lenses.Results: Methanol extract, bitter fraction and two isolated compounds of EH were found to inhibit lens AR to various extents. An isolated C- glycosidic flavonoid was found to be a potent AR inhibitor, having an IC50 value of 0.71 ? g/ml, and is comparable with that of the positive standard quercetin (0.62 ? g/ml). Similarly, it showed significant anticataract potential in vitro, decreasing polyol accumulation by 41.67 % compared to control lenses.Conclusion: Swertisin, a C-glycosidic flavonoid from Enicostemma hyssopifolium has significant activity against sugar-induced cataract in vitro. This effect of swertisin is due to its aldose reductase inhibitory potential.
Reply: Novel peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) micromutations associated with variable phenotypes in Greek patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

ARTICLE Sir, Koutsis et al. (2012) reported three novel ‘micromutations’ of PMP22 and emphasized the variability of the related phenotypical spectrum which may include hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), CMT1A/HNPP overlap neuropathies and the more severe Dejerine–Sottas disease (Taioli et al. , 2011; Koutsis et al. , 2012). Such variability may be explained by different consequences that ‘micromutations’ display on transcription or translation: whereas HNPP reflects haploinsufficiency and a loss of function, CMT1A or Dejerine–Sottas disease are associated with a gain of function. Those effects were deduced by conceptual translation of the genomic changes and investigated at the messenger RNA level in sural nerve biopsies (Taioli et al. , 2011) or blood (Koutsis et al. , 2012). For instance, CMT1A/Dejerine–Sottas disease-associated in-frame microduplications (c.328\_348dup21, alias p.Val110\_Ile116dup), microdeletions (c.296\_301delCTGGAA, alias p.Thr99\_Gly100del) (Koutsis et al. , 2012 …
Heart-Rate Control During Pain and Suggestions of Analgesia Without Deliberate Induction of Hypnosis

Abstract Heart rate and heart-rate variability (HRV) were studied through a set of different methods in high (highs) and low hypnotizable subjects (lows) not receiving any deliberate hypnotic induction in basal conditions (simple relaxation) and during nociceptive-pressor stimulation with and without suggestions of analgesia. ANOVA did not reveal any difference between highs and lows for heart rate and for the HRV indexes extracted from the series of the interbeat intervals (RR) of the ECG in the frequency (spectral analysis) and time domain (standard deviation, Poincaré plot) in both basal and stimulation conditions. Factors possibly accounting for the results and likely responsible for an underestimation of group differences are discussed.
Hypnotic Responsiveness: Expectancy, Attitudes, Fantasy Proneness, Absorption, and Gender

Abstract This study examines the effect of providing information linking participants' attitudes toward hypnosis with later hypnotic performance. Using total scale scores from McConkey's Opinions About Hypnosis scale, as well as subscale scores, the authors found a weak association between attitudes and performance among 460 student participants; however, the correlation was unaffected by prehypnotic information specifically connecting attitudes and performance. A brief, 3-item measure of hypnotic expectancies generated the strongest correlation with hypnotic responsiveness. The authors also found that the association between fantasy proneness and hypnotizability was unaffected by the order of scale administration. Finally, the study highlighted gender differences across measures of fantasy proneness, absorption, expectancy, and hypnotizability.
PTH Stimulated Growth and Decreased Col‐X Deposition are Phosphotidylinositol‐3,4,5 Triphosphate Kinase and Mitogen Activating Protein Kinase Dependent in Avian Sterna

Type X collagen (Col‐X) deposition is a marker of terminal differentiation during chondrogenesis, in addition to appositional growth and apoptosis. The parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) receptor, or PPR, is a G‐Protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which activates several downstream pathways, moderating chondrocyte differentiation, including suppression of Col‐X deposition. An Avian sterna model was used to analyze the PPR GPCR downstream kinase role in growth rate and extracellular matrix (ECM) including Col‐II, IX, and X. Phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K), mitogen activating protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase A (PKA) were inhibited with specific established inhibitors LY294002, PD98059, and H89, respectively to test the hypothesis that they could reverse/inhibit the PTH/PTHrP pathway. Excised E14 chick sterna were PTH treated with or without an inhibitor and compared to controls. Sternal length was measured every 24 hr. Cultured sterna were immuno‐stained using specific antibodies for Col‐II, IX, or X and examined via confocal microscopy. Increased growth in PTH‐treated sterna was MAPK, PI3K, and PKA dose dependent, suggesting growth was regulated through multiple pathways. Col‐X deposition was rescued in PTH‐treated sterna in the presence of PI3K or MAPK inhibitors, but not with the PKA inhibitor. All three inhibitors moderately disrupted Col‐II and Col‐IX deposition. These results suggest that PTH can activate multiple pathways during chondrocyte differentiation. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of Hypnosis: Toward the Development of a Biopsychosocial Model

Abstract Evidence supports the efficacy of hypnotic treatments, but there remain many unresolved questions regarding how hypnosis produces its beneficial effects. Most theoretical models focus more or less on biological, psychological, and social factors. This scoping review summarizes the empirical findings regarding the associations between specific factors in each of these domains and response to hypnosis. The findings indicate that (a) no single factor appears primary, (b) different factors may contribute more or less to outcomes in different subsets of individuals or for different conditions, and (c) comprehensive models of hypnosis that incorporate factors from all 3 domains may ultimately prove to be more useful than more restrictive models that focus on just 1 or a very few factors.
Desmosomes in the Uterine Epithelium of Noninvasive Skink Placentae

Australian species of viviparous skinks have noninvasive epitheliochorial placentation where there is no breeching or interruption of the uterine epithelial cell barrier. This is contrary to some African and South American species of skinks which exhibit invading chorionic cells and a localized endotheliochorial placenta. The desmosomes, which maintain the adhesive properties of the junctional complex between uterine epithelial cells, were found to decrease as gestation progressed in the uterus of two highly placentotrophic Australian skinks, but no changes in desmosomal numbers were present in the uterus of two Australian oviparous skinks or viviparous skinks with a simple placenta. In mammals, desmosomes decrease in the uterine epithelium of species with invasive hemochorial placentation, where less chemical and mechanical adhesion between cells assists the invading trophoblast at the time of implantation. However, Australian viviparous skinks do not have an invasive trophoblast; yet, similarities in decreasing lateral cellular adhesion exist in the uterus of both invasive and noninvasive placental types. This similarity in cellular mechanisms suggests a conservation of plasma membrane changes across placentation irrespective of reptilian or mammalian origin. Anat Rec, 293:502–512, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics and Differential Therapy Indication in Routine Diagnostics at a Psychosomatic Outpatient Department

Operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics (OPD; OPD Task Force, 2001) extends as an operationalized system of diagnoses the exclusively phenomenological classification systems Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th revision; ICD-10) into the psychodynamic realm. OPD has been widely received in German-speaking countries and increasingly applied in routine clinical diagnostics. Research results up to now have reported on the satisfactory reliability and validity of the system. In the current study, we investigated whether OPD is applicable in the everyday clinical work of a psychosomatic outpatient department and whether connections exist regarding therapy indications, suggesting OPD's validity and importance for therapy decisions. In a naturalistic study, all the data from 1,023 outpatients and consulting patients routinely recorded at the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy at the University of Münster were evaluated. With regard to the individual indication groups and indicated psychotherapy settings, numerous significant differences among the groups could be found for all OPD axes. These differences could be plausibly interpreted and supported the hypotheses formulated according to the literature. That OPD evaluation is not randomly distributed but is relevant for making an indication demonstrates the validity of the contents of the OPD system. Discriminant analyses showed that the complex process of diagnoses and indication formulation is not reducible to only a few items. We discuss whether a systematic application of OPD in clinical day-to-day work, as a valid and practicable instrument leading to transparency and consensus in the diagnostic process, allows for more structure in the process of formulating an indication and serves to develop a rational for differential psychotherapy indications.
Orígenes fetales de la patología del adulto: la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino como factor de riesgo

SUMMARY Background: Barker hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents a risk factor for developing diseases during adulthood. Objective: To determine the relationship between IUGR and cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in adults reviewing studies published between January 1990 and December 2013. Method: A review of the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Ebsco database. Papers in Spanish, English or Portuguese were included. Results: Seven studies were included, one case-control and six cohort design. For diabetes two of three studies showed a significant association (RR=2.10, 95%CI 1.29-3.41; RR=1.43, 95%CI 0.53-3.87; HR=1.64, 95%CI 1.26-2.14) For hypertension, two found no statistically significant (RR=0.95, 95% CI 0.81-1.11 and RR=1.03, 95%CI 0.71-1.49). For coronary disease one showed significant association (HR=1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.8). For obesity, a study found no relationship (men, RR=1.07, 95%CI 0.63-2.29; and women RR=1.07, 95%CI 0.53-2.14). For metabolic syndrome one
The influence of chronic periodontitis on serum TNF‐α, IL‐6 and hs‐CRP concentrations, and function of graft and survival of kidney transplant recipients

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze whether chronic periodontitis (CP) influences serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) concentrations in renal transplant recipients and patients or graft survival.
What is the Essence of Hypnosis?

Abstract The author explores the nature of hypnosis, which he characterizes as a motivated mode of neural functioning that enables most humans to alter, to varying degrees, their experience of body, self, actions, and world. The essence of hypnosis is not to be found in hetero-hypnosis; instead, it lies in the spontaneous self-activation of that mode of neural functioning. The hypnosis field has substantially lost sight of spontaneous self-activation, because the word hypnosis is usually used to mean hetero-hypnosis. Self-activation of this mode of neural functioning is the necessary sine qua non of hypnotic psychopathology. Moreover, self-activation of trance is the characteristic hypnotic behavior of a distinct subset of highly hypnotizable individuals.
Germline Cysts and the Formation of the Germinal Epithelium During the Female Gonadal Morphogenesis in Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes)

The formation of both germline cysts and the germinal epithelium is described during the ovary development in Cyprinus carpio. As in the undifferentiated gonad of mammals, cords of PGCs become oogonia when they are surrounded by somatic cells. Ovarian differentiation is triggered when oogonia proliferate and enter meiosis, becoming oocytes. Proliferation of single oogonium results in clusters of interconnected oocytes, the germline cysts, that are encompassed by somatic prefollicle cells and form cell nests. Both PGCs and cell nests are delimited by a basement membrane. Ovarian follicles originate from the germline cysts, about the time of meiotic arrest, as prefollicle cells surround oocytes, individualizing them. They synthesize a basement membrane and an oocyte forms a follicle. With the formation of the stroma, unspecialized mesenchymal cells differentiate, and encompass each follicle, forming the theca. The follicle, basement membrane, and theca constitute the follicle complex. Along the ventral region of the differentiating ovary, the epithelium invaginates to form the ovigerous lamellae whose developing surface epithelium, the germinal epithelium, is composed of epithelial cells, germline cysts with oogonia, oocytes, and developing follicles. The germinal epithelium rests upon a basement membrane. The follicles complexes are connected to the germinal epithelium by a shared portion of basement membrane. In the differentiated ovary, germ cell proliferation in the epithelium forms nests in which there are the germline cysts. Germline cysts, groups of cells that form from a single founder cell and are joined by intercellular bridges, are conserved throughout the vertebrates, as is the germinal epithelium. Anat Rec 293:1581–1606, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation is a risk factor for development of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease after liver transplantation

Abstract: Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is believed to be associated with immunosuppressive regimens, underlying diseases and lymphotropic viral infections after organ transplantation. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been identified as a risk factor for non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but no association between HBV and PTLD has been shown. In this study, we reviewed a series of 203 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation (LTx) for benign liver disease in our center. The patients comprised 144 patients with hepatitis B and 59 contemporary patients without hepatitis B. After LTx, 36 of the 144 patients with hepatitis B experienced HBV reactivation, while the remaining 108 patients did not. There was no difference in the incidences of PTLD between patients with and without hepatitis B (p = 0.497). Overall, four patients (11.1%) with HBV reactivation developed PTLD, compared to only one patient (0.9%) without HBV reactivation (p = 0.007). The relative odds for developing PTLD in patients with HBV reactivation were 17.5. No differences were observed for the follow‐up periods, immunosuppressive regimens and rejection episodes (p > 0.05 for all). These data suggest that PTLD may be more prevalent in patients who experience HBV reactivation after liver transplantation. HBV reactivation may be a risk factor for development of PTLD.