Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Famine and Human Development: The Dutch Hunger Winter 1944-1945

Four faculty members of the Department of Public Health, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, have employed a brilliant idea to produce some valuable information, but they present it in an odd and disappointing book. Because their analyses may be of special value to statisticians and epidemiologists, I hope to read the opinions of such experts elsewhere. But the pediatrician, the obstetrician, and the perinatologist may find the approach of the authors confusing, if not actually confused, and the book far too long for what they will learn from it. Drs Stein and Susser and their colleagues saw in the sharply localized and precisely dated famine of the 1944 to 1945 "Hunger Winter" in major Dutch cities an "experiment of opportunity" perhaps capable of determining the effects, if any, on the intelligence of infants conceived or born during that period. In 1947, I described the immediate and definite
Special Report: Asbestos-Induced Pleural Plaques—A Disease Process Associated With Ventilatory Impairment and Respiratory Symptoms

Diffuse pleural thickening and circumscribed pleural plaques are two nonmalignant pleural diseases caused by asbestos exposure. It has generally been accepted that diffuse pleural thickening is associated with measurable pulmonary impairment and clinical symptoms; however, the functional impact of asbestos-induced pleural plaques still remains controversial. Recent literature suggests that asbestos-induced pleural plaques are associated with ventilatory impairment and respiratory symptoms. We critically analyzed the literature from 1965 to 1999 evaluating this potential relationship. We conclude that: (1) individuals with asbestos-induced pleural plaques may have alterations in pulmonary function and/or clinical symptoms that are independent of smoking and radiographic parenchymal fibrosis; and (2) the respiratory changes due to asbestos-induced pleural plaques are generally less severe than those caused by diffuse pleural thickening. The mechanism of the pulmonary functional changes associated with pleural plaques has not been elucidated.
Music Emotion Recognition with Standard and Melodic Audio Features

We propose a novel approach to music emotion recognition by combining standard and melodic features extracted directly from audio. To this end, a new audio dataset organized similarly to the one used in MIREX mood task comparison was created. From the data, 253 standard and 98 melodic features are extracted and used with several supervised learning techniques. Results show that, generally, melodic features perform better than standard audio. The best result, 64% f-measure, with only 11 features (9 melodic and 2 standard), was obtained with ReliefF feature selection and Support Vector Machines.
Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in wound healing

In wound healing, a variety of mediators have been identified throughout the years. The mediators discussed here comprise growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. These mediators act via multiple (specific) receptors to facilitate wound closure. As research in the last years has led to many new findings, there is a need to give an overview on what is known, and on what might possibly play a role as a molecular target for future wound therapy. This review aims to keep the reader up to date with selected important and novel findings regarding growth factors, cytokines and chemokines in wound healing.
Anaesthetic mechanisms: update on the challenge of unravelling the mystery of anaesthesia

General anaesthesia is administered each day to thousands of patients worldwide. Although more than 160 years have passed since the first successful public demonstration of anaesthesia, a detailed understanding of the anaesthetic mechanism of action of these drugs is still lacking. An important early observation was the Meyer–Overton correlation, which associated the potency of an anaesthetic with its lipid solubility. This work focuses attention on the lipid membrane as a likely location for anaesthetic action. With the advent of cellular electrophysiology and molecular biology techniques, tools to dissect the components of the lipid membrane have led, in recent years, to the widespread acceptance of proteins, namely receptors and ion channels, as more likely targets for the anaesthetic effect. Yet these accumulated data have not produced a comprehensive explanation for how these drugs produce central nervous system depression. In this review, we follow the story of anaesthesia mechanisms research from its historical roots to the intensely neurophysiological research regarding it today. We will also describe recent findings that identify specific neuroanatomical locations mediating the actions of some anaesthetic agents.
Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Their Return to School: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Recommendations

Leukemias (blood cell cancers) and central nervous system tumors are the most frequently occurring types of cancer in children. Mortality rates from all childhood cancers have decreased over the past 2 decades. As a result, many childhood cancer survivors are now returning to their schools after having been successfully treated. Although most of these survivors will continue receiving ongoing medical management after cancer treatment, far fewer receive specialized educational services. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to this often-overlooked area. The authors also review the case of 1 childhood leukemia survivor as a case example, and examine the cognitive/intellectual and affective/psychosocial sequelae that resulted after routine cancer treatment. They posit that school psychologists are uniquely positioned to provide vital assessment and educational services to childhood cancer survivors, and they offer a series of recommendations for when such children present within school settings.
Why Research is Important for Chaplains

ABSTRACT Research forms the basis for all health care disciplines, including nursing, medicine, and psychology. This research is necessary to document both the benefits and the costs of health care services, and applies equally to the services and interventions that chaplains provide. It is important that chaplains do this research, rather than others without sensitivity to the main issues at stake. Unfortunately, training in how to conduct research is not usually part of the education that chaplains receive. There are specific skills that need to be acquired in order to identify a research question, design a study to answer that question, obtain funding, manage the project, and publish the results. Learning these research skills will at some point become non-optional if chaplaincy is to continue to grow and flourish as a profession and receive the recognition and respect that it deserves.
Evidence-Based Chaplaincy Care: Attitudes and Practices in Diverse Healthcare Chaplain Samples

Leaders in health care chaplaincy and practice guidelines, such as the Association of Professional Chaplains' Standards of Practice, call for chaplains to develop an evidence-based approach to their work. The extent to which practicing chaplains accept this new paradigm is unclear. The aim of this study was to gather information regarding chaplains' attitudes and practices with respect to evidence-based chaplaincy care. Data for the study came from surveys of healthcare chaplains working in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA, n = 440), the Department of Defense (DoD, n = 164), and civilian settings (n = 169). Chaplains from all three contexts strongly endorsed an evidence-based approach to chaplaincy. Approximately three-fourths of the healthcare chaplains from VA and DoD and 42% of those from civilian settings considered their current chaplaincy practices to be evidenced based, with over half in VA and DoD samples and 94% in the civilian sample indicating that they would like their chaplaincy care to be more evidence-based. Approximately half of the VA and DoD chaplains and 35% of the civilian chaplains reported currently using measurement tools in their chaplaincy care. These results suggest that there is generally strong support among practicing chaplains for an evidence-based approach to chaplaincy care.
Communicating Chaplains’ Care: Narrative Documentation in a Neuroscience-Spine Intensive Care Unit

Chaplaincy care is different for every patient; a growing challenge is to ensure that electronic health records function to support personalized care. While ICU health care teams have advanced clinical practice guidelines to identify and integrate relevant aspects of the patient’s story into whole person care, recommendations for documentation are rare. This qualitative study of over 400 free-text EHR notes offers unique insight into current use of free-text documentation in ICU by six chaplains integrated into the healthcare team. Our research provides insight into the phenomena chaplains record in the electronic record. Content analysis shows recurrent report of patient and family practices, beliefs, coping mechanisms, concerns, emotional resources and needs, family and faith support, medical decision making and medical communications. These findings are important for health care team discussions of factors deemed essential to whole person care in ICUs, and, by extension have the potential to support the development of EHR designs that aim to advance personalized care.
Comparison between systemic analgesia, continuous wound catheter analgesia and continuous thoracic paravertebral block: a randomised, controlled trial of postthoracotomy pain management

Context Thoracotomy is the surgical procedure that creates the greatest demand for postoperative analgesia. Objective We aimed to compare the efficacy of systemic analgesia, continuous wound catheter (CWC) analgesia and thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for pain management after thoracotomy, assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score and morphine consumption. Design Prospective, randomised study. Setting University teaching hospital. Inclusions from April 2007 to February 2010. Patients 153 adult patients scheduled for pulmonary surgery. Interventions All three groups received systemic analgesia with paracetamol and morphine (patient-controlled analgesia, PCA). The PCA group received systemic analgesia only. The TPVB group underwent insertion of a paravertebral catheter and the CWC group underwent CWC catheter insertion at the end of the intervention. Main outcome measures Pain score at rest as assessed by VAS. Results One hundred and fifty-three patients were included, of whom 140 were included in the final analysis (50 PCA, 44 TPVB, 46 CWC). Baseline and surgical characteristics were comparable in the three groups. VAS scores were statistically different between the TPVB and PCA groups at rest (at 0, 1, 3, 6 h; P < 0.0026) and after coughing (0, 1, 3, 6, 12 h; P < 0.003). In recovery room care, titrated morphine doses were significantly lower (P = 0.00001) in the TPVB group than in the other two. Morphine consumption was statistically lower in the TPVB group than in the PCA group at 24 h (P = 0.0036). There was no difference between CWC and PCA groups in terms of VAS scores or morphine consumption. No signs of toxicity or local complications were observed. Conclusion Our results support the efficacy of TPVB for pain management after thoracotomy, at rest and after coughing. These results confirm the preference for TPVB over epidural analgesia in postthoracotomy pain care. CWC failed to decrease pain and morphine consumption and performed no better than placebo.
Itraconazol oral en el tratamiento de un caso de endoftalmitis por candida parapsilosis

espanolCaso clinico: En un caso de endoftalmitis exogena producida por Candida parapsilosis, el tratamiento primero con fluconazol oral y posteriormente con anfotericina intravenosa no eliminaron la infeccion. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con fluconazol topico e itraconazol oral aparentemente la controlaron. Discusion: Actualmente se acepta que el tratamiento de eleccion de la endoftalmitis fungica es la anfotericina B IV, y como alternativa se empiezan a utilizar los azoles. En este caso se ha usado el itraconazol, cuya penetracion intraocular y eficacia no han sido aun bien determinadas. Pero, a la vista de los resultados obtenidos, se podria concluir que la penetracion intraocular del itraconazol administrado por via oral puede ser suficiente para controlar la infeccion, siempre que el hongo causante sea sensible. EnglishClinical case: A case of exogenous Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis was treated first with oral fluconazol and later with intravenous Anfotericin without success. A subsequent therapy using topical fluconazole and oral itraconazole appeared to be effective in controlled the infection. Discussion: Current elective treatment for fungal endophthalmitis is Anfotericine B iv. An alternative therapy are the azoles. In the reported case itraconazole was used, although its intraocular penetration and effectiveness have not yet been satisfactorily demonstrated. The clinical response in this case leads to the possibility that intraocular oral itraconazole penetration can be sufficient to control infection in cases where the causal fungi is sensitive.
Perfil Lipídico de Adultos Sedentários em Função do Nível de Força Muscular

Introducao: As melhores formas de se exercitar, a fim de promover alteracoes beneficas no perfil lipidico, ainda constituem um desafio a toda comunidade cientifica. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar o perfil lipidico com o nivel da forca muscular em adultos sedentarios. Materiais e Metodos: A amostra foi constituida por um grupo de 36 militares voluntarios (20 homens e 16 mulheres) , com idade entre 20 e 46 anos. Foram dosados os niveis sericos de lipidios. Os protocolos utilizados para as dosagens de colesterol (CT), lipoproteina de densidade alta (HDL) e triglicerides (TG), foram as tecnicas enzimaticas automaticas. A lipoproteina de densidade baixa (LDL) e lipoproteina de densidade muito baixa (VLDL) foram calculadas pela equacao de Friedewald. Para a avaliacao dos niveis de forca foi utilizado o teste de 8 a 10 repeticoes maximas no exercicio Leg Press. O tratamento estatistico foi composto por analise descritiva, analise do teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, optando-se pelo procedimento estatistico de correlacao de Spearman para verificar as possiveis associacoes dos niveis da forca muscular com as variaveis componentes do perfil lipidico. Resultados: As variaveis de triglicerides, HDL, VLDL e RM apresentaram um coeficiente de variacao acima de 25%. Foi encontrada uma correlacao positiva entre o teste de repeticao maxima e os triglicerides (r=0,388; p=0,02<0,05). Discussao: Pressupoe-se que a atividade fisica proporcione beneficios a saude, combatendo a obesidade e provocando alteracoes favoraveis ao perfil lipidico, como aumento do HDL e diminuicao do colesterol, LDL, VLDL e triglicerides.
A novel AβPP mutation exclusively associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Mutations in AβPP cause deposition of Aβ amyloid fibrils in brain parenchyma and cerebral vessels, resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We report a novel mutation (L705V) within the Aβ sequence of AβPP in a family with autosomal dominant, recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages. Pathological examination disclosed severe CAA, without parenchymal amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. This variant highlights the vascular tropism of mutated Aβ, resulting in CAA instead of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Ann Neurol 2005;58:639‐644
The Broken Brain: The Biological Revolution in Psychiatry

Mental illness has long been a dilemma not explained satisfactorily by myth, superstition, rational thought, or theory. This book describes the current move to transpose the scope of psychiatry from broad mind theories to specific brain-function processes. It examines the change being fomented in the past ten to 20 years as psychiatry becomes more scientific and biologic in its orientation, rejoining the neurosciences and moving away from psychoanalytic theories. The author presents this book as a general but comprehensive informational source rather than as a textbook. She points out that the early roots of European psychiatry were laid by Kraeplin and not Freud, as has been emphasized in the United States. Kraeplin, as a professor of medicine, concentrated on the major mental disorders, in contrast to Freud, who concentrated on the milder illnesses, termed the "neuroses. " Behaviorism, the approach of Watson, was added in this country. The last two figures
“Being Grounded”: Benefits of Gardening for Older Adults in Low-Income Housing

This study reports the findings of a qualitative evaluation of gardening programs for low-income minority older adults living in senior housing. A total of 20 individuals from three senior housing buildings participated in focus groups to discuss the benefits of and motivations for community gardening. The nine main themes of why seniors choose to participate in gardening were mental health benefits, the end product (fruits and vegetables), continuation of a past life, something to do/responsibility, beauty and connection to growth, connecting with others, physical health, learning something new, and helping each other out. These findings are placed in the context of theoretical perspectives and past studies. Implications for policy and relevance to senior housing are offered.
Summer Camps for Chronically Ill Children: A Source of Respite Care for Mothers

This study examined summer camps for children with chronic illnesses as a source of respite care for mothers. Mothers of children with asthma, cancer, epilepsy, or kidney disorders (N = 161) completed 4 structured telephone interviews (before, during, and twice after camp) measuring caregiving demands and general psychological distress. Caregiving demands were relieved during camp, returning to pre-camp levels once the child returned home. Mothers' general psychological functioning improved while children were at camp, with the maintenance of some changes lasting up to 1 month after camp. As respite care by definition provides temporary relief from caregiving demands, summer camps for children with chronic illnesses can be conceptualized as respite care providers.
Auditory Neuropathy/Dys-Synchrony in Adults and Children

This article presents an overview of the hearing disorder known as auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony. The primary diagnostic indications are described that will help audiologists recognize this disorder and consider the appropriate habilitation efforts that should follow. The article also highlights results that have been observed in 10 children who have received a cochlear implant at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
THE EFFECTS ON HUMAN BEINGS OF A TWELVE MONTHS' EXCLUSIVE MEAT DIET: BASED ON INTENSIVE CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STUDIES ON TWO ARCTIC EXPLORERS LIVING UNDER AVERAGE CONDITIONS IN A NEW YORK CLIMATE

The question of minimal and optimal protein requirements has received considerable research attention in recent years. There is now very little disagreement among students of nutrition as to what these requirements are. On the effects of a high protein dietary, however, not only do opinions of authorities differ but the results of carefully controlled experiments show considerable variance. It is a traditional belief that a high protein intake leads to high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis or nephritis. Among physicians it has almost become a dietetic dogma to reduce or eliminate entirely the intake of meat whenever diets are prescribed. Unless proper interpretation is given to certain present-day investigations on protein metabolism, including the results of the experiment reviewed in this paper, there is danger that the dietetic pendulum will swing too far in the opposite direction. The Eskimos have lived on a high protein dietary as far back as records go.
Pharmacological profile of encounter-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice

We have recently found that isolation-reared mice show hyperactivity during an encounter with an intruder. However, it is not known whether encounter-induced hyperactivity may model some aspects of psychiatric disorders. The present study examined the pharmacological profile of encounter-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice. Encounter-induced hyperactivity was reduced by acute administration of various antidepressants including the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (10 mg/kg), the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine (10 mg/kg) and paroxetine (10 mg/kg), the 5-HT/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors venlafaxine (10 mg/kg) and duloxetine (10 mg/kg), the antipsychotic drug risperidone (0.01 mg/kg), the 5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin (1 mg/kg), and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-43044 (30 mg/kg). The &agr;2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.03 mg/kg) and the 5-HT4 receptor agonist BIMU8 (30 mg/kg) also reduced encounter-induced hyperactivity. The effect of desipramine was blocked by the &agr;2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (0.3 mg/kg). The effect of fluvoxamine was blocked by the 5-HT4 receptor antagonist GR125487 (3 mg/kg), but not the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (1 mg/kg), the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist azasetron (3 mg/kg), or the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB399885 (3 mg/kg). The effect of venlafaxine was blocked by the simultaneous administration of idazoxan (0.3 mg/kg) and GR125487 (3 mg/kg), but not by either compound alone. These findings suggest that encounter-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice is a robust model for testing the pharmacological profile of antidepressants, although the range of antidepressants tested is limited and some nonantidepressants are also effective. The present study also shows a key role of &agr;2 and 5-HT4 receptors in the antidepressant effect in this model.
Effects of long-term agomelatine treatment on the cognitive performance and hippocampal plasticity of adult rats

Agomelatine is an antidepressant with a distinct pharmacological mechanism of action as an MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist and as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. We evaluated the chronic effects of agomelatine administration (40 mg/kg, 20 weeks) on the cognitive performance of rats in the Morris water maze task. We applied unbiased stereological quantification methods to estimate the total numbers of granular and pyramidal neurons located in the dorsal hippocampus. We also analyzed the dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region using the Golgi–Cox impregnation method. The agomelatine-treated group found the hidden platform more quickly than did the control group and spent significantly more time in the target quadrant. Agomelatine administration caused significant volumetric and numerical enhancements in granular and pyramidal neurons in the dentate gyrus and CA1–3 subregions, respectively. Increased densities of the mushroom and stubby types of spines, with no alteration in the thin-shaped spines, were observed in the agomelatine-treated group. These results showed that long-term agomelatine administration induced a nootropic effect supported by structural changes. Enhancement of the more stable types of dendritic spines might indicate improved adaptive capacity in hippocampal neurons. Future studies will provide a better understanding of the effect of this drug on synaptic plasticity.