Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversal effects of pantoprazole on multidrug resistance in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells by down‐regulating the V‐ATPases/mTOR/HIF‐1α/P‐gp and MRP1 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo

To investigate reversal effects of pantoprazole (PPZ) on multidrug resistance (MDR) in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell SGC7901 was cultured in RPMI‐1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C. Adriamycin (ADR)‐resistant cells were cultured with addition of 0.8 µg/ml of ADR maintaining MDR phenotype. ADR was used to calculate ADR releasing index; CCK‐8 Assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of anti‐tumor drugs; BCECF‐AM pH‐sensitive fluorescent probe was used to measure intracellular pH (pHi) value of cells, whereas pH value of medium was considered as extracellular pH (pHe) value; Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining analyses were employed to determine protein expressions and intracellular distributions of vacuolar H+‐ATPases (V‐ATPases), mTOR, HIF‐1α, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), and multidrug resistant protein 1 (MRP1); SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells were inoculated in athymic nude mice. Thereafter, effects of ADR with or without PPZ pretreatment were compared by determining the tumor size and weight, apoptotic cells in tumor tissues were detected by TUNEL assay. At concentrations greater than 20 µg/ml, PPZ pretreatment reduced ADR releasing index and significantly enhanced intracellular ADR concentration of SGC7901 (P < 0.01). Similarly, PPZ pretreatment significantly decreased ADR releasing index of SGC7901/ADR dose‐dependently (P < 0.01). PPZ pretreatment also decreased cell viabilities of SGG7901 and SGC7901/ADR dose‐dependently. After 24‐h PPZ pretreatment, administration of chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated maximal cytotoxic effects on SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells (P < 0.05). The resistance index in PPZ pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in non‐PPZ pretreatment group (3.71 vs. 14.80). PPZ at concentration >10 µg/ml significantly decreased pHi in SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells and diminished or reversed transmembrane pH gradient (P < 0.05). PPZ pretreatment also significantly inhibited protein expressions of V‐ATPases, mTOR, HIF‐1α, P‐gp, and MRP1, and alter intracellular expressions in parent and ADR‐resistant cells (P < 0.05). In vivo experiments further confirmed that PPZ pretreatment could enhance anti‐tumor effects of ADR on xenografted tumor of nude mice and also improve the apoptotic index in xenografted tumor tissues. PPZ pretreatment enhances the cytotoxic effects of anti‐tumor drugs on SGC7901 and reverse MDR of SGC7901/ADR by downregulating the V‐ATPases/mTOR/HIF‐1α/P‐gp and MRP1 signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2474–2487, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Pharmacy in Primary Care and Community Pharmacy

The role of the community pharmacist involved in primary care has been undergoing change. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, developments in computerized medication surveillance within the Netherlands enabled pharmacists to react to prescriptions and detect inappropriate pharmaco‐therapy in community pharmacy sites. This activity became more clinically or patient‐oriented in the late 1980s. In the early 1990s, pharmaceutical care was introduced in community pharmacy practice, and emphasis was given to providing patient‐centered care and documenting cognitive services. The key features of pharmaceutical care provided in the primary care setting are described based on a review of the literature and on experiences in the Netherlands. Patient outcomes have yet to be shown to be improved by community pharmacy practice; methods for measuring performance are still lacking. Methods to evaluate the extent of integration of community pharmacy services into the clinical team are also lacking but are needed in order to define the future role of community pharmacists in the primary care setting. Integrated care needs to be developed in the Netherlands in order to present the next phase in the process of the “pharmaceutical evolution. ”
Efficacy and safety comparison of adapalene (CD271) gel and tretinoin gel in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. A European multicentre trial

BACKGROUND: Adapalene is a new chemical entity which binds with high affinity to specific nuclear retinoic acid receptors and exhibits tretinoin-like activities in the terminal differentiation process. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the trial was to compare adapalene 0.1% gel (Differin Gel, Galderma Laboratories) with tretinoin 0.025% gel (Retin A Gel, Cilag Laboratories) in the treatment of acne patients, methods: A multicentre, investigator-masked, parallel-group study included 268 male and female patients with mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris. Treatments were applied once daily for 12 consecutive weeks. RESULTS A total of 134 patients (74 males and 60 females, mean age 19.7 years) received adapalene gel and 134 patients (69 males and 65 females, mean age 19.2 years) tretinoin gel. Among these patients, 259 were evaluable for efficacy and safety and 236 completed the study. The inflammatory, noninflammatory and total lesion counts, and the global facial acne grade were not significantly different betwee.
New directions in the pursuit of Majorana fermions in solid state systems

The 1937 theoretical discovery of Majorana fermions—whose defining property is that they are their own anti-particles—has since impacted diverse problems ranging from neutrino physics and dark matter searches to the fractional quantum Hall effect and superconductivity. Despite this long history the unambiguous observation of Majorana fermions nevertheless remains an outstanding goal. This review paper highlights recent advances in the condensed matter search for Majorana that have led many in the field to believe that this quest may soon bear fruit. We begin by introducing in some detail exotic ‘topological’ one- and two-dimensional superconductors that support Majorana fermions at their boundaries and at vortices. We then turn to one of the key insights that arose during the past few years; namely, that it is possible to ‘engineer’ such exotic superconductors in the laboratory by forming appropriate heterostructures with ordinary s-wave superconductors. Numerous proposals of this type are discussed, based on diverse materials such as topological insulators, conventional semiconductors, ferromagnetic metals and many others. The all-important question of how one experimentally detects Majorana fermions in these setups is then addressed. We focus on three classes of measurements that provide smoking-gun Majorana signatures: tunneling, Josephson effects and interferometry. Finally, we discuss the most remarkable properties of condensed matter Majorana fermions—the non-Abelian exchange statistics that they generate and their associated potential for quantum computation.
Total Hip Arthroplasty for 'Dysplasia' and Congenital Disease of the Hip -Review Paper-

Total Hip Arthroplasty for dysplasia or congenital disease of the hip is technically demanding surgery that requires an in-depth understanding of the complex techniques required to solve the problems of both the pelvis and the femur. It also requires the ability to perform an experienced evaluation of the patient. The ‘high dislocation’ is the extreme example in this range of surgery. Patients are often young or middle aged; their hip pain and functional disability has so adversely affected their quality of life, they are more often than not keen for surgical intervention. A careful consent pertaining to specific complications related to each individual patient’s pathology is essential, as the surgical solution is not likely to rest with a total hip arthroplasty alone. In the majority of cases, there is often a requirement for treatment of the knees and the thoracolumbar spine as well. Emphasis should be directed toward nerve palsies and the fact that, in the majority of cases, revision surgery will be required.
Quantum error correction for beginners

Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant quantum computation represent one of the most vital theoretical aspects of quantum information processing. It was well known from the early developments of this exciting field that the fragility of coherent quantum systems would be a catastrophic obstacle to the development of large-scale quantum computers. The introduction of quantum error correction in 1995 showed that active techniques could be employed to mitigate this fatal problem. However, quantum error correction and fault-tolerant computation is now a much larger field and many new codes, techniques, and methodologies have been developed to implement error correction for large-scale quantum algorithms. In response, we have attempted to summarize the basic aspects of quantum error correction and fault-tolerance, not as a detailed guide, but rather as a basic introduction. The development in this area has been so pronounced that many in the field of quantum information, specifically researchers who are new to quantum information or people focused on the many other important issues in quantum computation, have found it difficult to keep up with the general formalisms and methodologies employed in this area. Rather than introducing these concepts from a rigorous mathematical and computer science framework, we instead examine error correction and fault-tolerance largely through detailed examples, which are more relevant to experimentalists today and in the near future.
Prostatic Lymphatic Drainage With Sentinel Nodes at the Ventral Abdominal Wall Visualized With SPECT/CT: A Case Series

Lymphatic drainage from the prostate is mainly directed towards pelvic sentinel lymph nodes, although presacral and para-aortic sentinel nodes have also been found with lymphatic mapping. In this case series, we describe direct lymphatic drainage towards the anterior abdominal wall in 3 patients with prostate cancer. In one patient, the sentinel node at the anterior abdominal wall contained metastasis. Sentinel node sampling provides the possibility to map all nodes on a direct drainage pathway, in contrast to regional pelvic nodal dissection with which some sentinel nodes may be missed.
Prevalence of adolescent obesity among high school students of Kerala, South India

Objectives: To study the prevalence of obesity among high school students of age 15-17 years and identify the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving the measurement of height and weight and calculation of body mass index among high school students of Kottukal and Pallichal localities of Trivandrum districts in Kerala, South India. A study questionnaire was administered among the participants and their parents to understand the relationship of food intake, parental obesity, and physical activity to obesity. Results: Of the 560 students enrolled, 49 (8.75%) were overweight and 27 (4.82%) were obese. With this, the prevalence of obese is computed as 4.8%. The parental obesity posed a significant risk factor among the study population. Conclusion: Creating awareness among adults and school-goers on the negative health effects of obesity, the key for maintaining good health.
Sensory detection without localization

Abstract Pallard et al. (Archives of Neurology 1983; 40: 548–51) reported a stroke patient who could not (consciously) detect tactile stiulied applied to her deafferentated right upper limb but could nevertheless localize them by pointing (blindtouch). We now describe a stroke patient who demonstrates the converse dissociation: relatively intact cutaneous detection with frequent failure to show any ability to localize the stimulus. This case and that reported by Paillard et al. accordingly provide evidence for the double dissociation of detection and localization of light pressure.
Human adipose CD34+CD90+ stem cells and collagen scaffold constructs grafted in vivo fabricate loose connective and adipose tissues

Stem cell based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues are of great interest for a high number of diseases. Adult stem cells, instead, are more available, abundant and harvested with minimally invasive procedures. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi‐potent progenitors, able to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissues. Human adult adipose tissue seems to be the most abundant source of MSCs and, due to its easy accessibility; it is able to give a considerable amount of stem cells. In this study, we selected MSCs co‐expressing CD34 and CD90 from adipose tissue. This stem cell population displayed higher proliferative capacity than CD34−CD90− cells and was able to differentiate in vitro into adipocytes (PPARγ+ and adiponectin+) and endothelial cells (CD31+VEGF+Flk1+). In addition, in methylcellulose without VEGF, it formed a vascular network. The aim of this study was to investigate differentiation potential of human adipose CD34+/CD90+ stem cells loaded onto commercial collagen sponges already used in clinical practice (Gingistat) both in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that human adult adipose and loose connective tissues can be obtained in vivo, highlighting that CD34+/CD90 ASCs are extremely useful for regenerative medicine. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1039–1049, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The current state of bone loss research: Data from spaceflight and microgravity simulators

Bone loss is a well documented phenomenon occurring in humans both in short‐ and in long‐term spaceflights. This phenomenon can be also reproduced on the ground in human and animals and also modeled in cell‐based analogs. Since space flights are infrequent and expensive to study the biomedical effects of microgravity on the human body, much of the known pathology of bone loss comes from experimental studies. The most commonly used in vitro simulators of microgravity are clinostats while in vivo simulators include the bed rest studies in humans and hindlimb unloading experiments in animals. Despite the numerous reports that have documented bone loss in wide ranges in multiple crew members, the pathology remains a key concern and development of effective countermeasures is still a major task. Thus far, the offered modalities have not shown much success in preventing or alleviating bone loss in astronauts and cosmonauts. The objective of this review is to capture the most recent research on bone loss from spaceflights, bed rest and hindlimb unloading, and in vitro studies utilizing cellular models in clinostats. Additionally, this review offers projections on where the research has to focus to ensure the most rapid development of effective countermeasures. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1001–1008, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances in the microrheology of complex fluids

New developments in the microrheology of complex fluids are considered. Firstly the requirements for a simple modern particle tracking microrheology experiment are introduced, the error analysis methods associated with it and the mathematical techniques required to calculate the linear viscoelasticity. Progress in microrheology instrumentation is then described with respect to detectors, light sources, colloidal probes, magnetic tweezers, optical tweezers, diffusing wave spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, elastic- and quasi-elastic scattering techniques, 3D tracking, single molecule methods, modern microscopy methods and microfluidics. New theoretical techniques are also reviewed such as Bayesian analysis, oversampling, inversion techniques, alternative statistical tools for tracks (angular correlations, first passage probabilities, the kurtosis, motor protein step segmentation etc), issues in micro/macro rheological agreement and two particle methodologies. Applications where microrheology has begun to make some impact are also considered including semi-flexible polymers, gels, microorganism biofilms, intracellular methods, high frequency viscoelasticity, comb polymers, active motile fluids, blood clots, colloids, granular materials, polymers, liquid crystals and foods. Two large emergent areas of microrheology, non-linear microrheology and surface microrheology are also discussed.
Unconventional methods of imaging: computational microscopy and compact implementations

In the past two decades or so, there has been a renaissance of optical microscopy research and development. Much work has been done in an effort to improve the resolution and sensitivity of microscopes, while at the same time to introduce new imaging modalities, and make existing imaging systems more efficient and more accessible. In this review, we look at two particular aspects of this renaissance: computational imaging techniques and compact imaging platforms. In many cases, these aspects go hand-in-hand because the use of computational techniques can simplify the demands placed on optical hardware in obtaining a desired imaging performance. In the first main section, we cover lens-based computational imaging, in particular, light-field microscopy, structured illumination, synthetic aperture, Fourier ptychography, and compressive imaging. In the second main section, we review lensfree holographic on-chip imaging, including how images are reconstructed, phase recovery techniques, and integration with smart substrates for more advanced imaging tasks. In the third main section we describe how these and other microscopy modalities have been implemented in compact and field-portable devices, often based around smartphones. Finally, we conclude with some comments about opportunities and demand for better results, and where we believe the field is heading.
The leading role of microtubules in endothelial barrier dysfunction: Disassembly of peripheral microtubules leaves behind the cytoskeletal reorganization

Disturbance of the endothelial barrier is characterized by dramatic cytoskeleton reorganization, activation of actomyosin contraction and, finally, leads to intercellular gap formation. Here we demonstrate that the edemagenic agent, thrombin, causes a rapid increase in the human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (EC) barrier permeability accompanied by fast decreasing in the peripheral microtubules quantity and reorganization of the microtubule system in the internal cytoplasm of the EC within 5 min of the treatment. The actin stress‐fibers formation occurs gradually and the maximal effect is observed relatively later, 30 min of the thrombin treatment. Thus, microtubules reaction develops faster than the reorganization of the actin filaments system responsible for the subsequent changes of the cell shape during barrier dysfunction development. Direct microtubules depolymerization by nocodazole initiates the cascade of barrier dysfunction reactions. Nocodazole‐induced barrier disruption is connected directly with the degree of peripheral microtubules depolymerization. Short‐term loss of endothelial barrier function occurs at the minimal destruction of peripheral microtubules, when actin filament system is still intact. Specifically, we demonstrate that the EC microtubule dynamics examined by time‐lapse imaging of EB3‐GFP comets movement has changed under these conditions: microtubule plus ends growth rate significantly decreased near the cell periphery. The microtubules, apparently, are the first target in the circuit of reactions leading to the pulmonary EC barrier compromise. Our results show that dynamic microtubules play an essential role in the barrier function in vitro; peripheral microtubules depolymerization is necessary and sufficient condition for initiation of endothelial barrier dysfunction. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2258–2272, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
"What is, Becomes What is Right": A Conceptual Framework of Newcomer Legitimacy for Online Discussion Communities

Online community newcomers can face challenges in community participation, acceptance and fostering member relationships. Consequently, a crucial behavioral strategy for community acceptance identified by previous research is legitimacy. However, current conceptions lack classification and structure, and have a narrow focus. A broader scope for investigating legitimacy is needed for improved theoretical and practical application. This research expands on newcomer legitimacy by classifying newcomer behavior in 4 parenting and cycling discussion communities using directed content analysis. The analysis developed a newcomer legitimacy conceptual framework with categories including geographical, contextual, cultural, testimonial, lurking and external legitimacy. This research offers a valuable contribution by classifying existing theory, developing new theory, and providing a conceptual framework to guide future studies of newcomer behavior.
Ciclo de vida de Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1826 (Diptera:Culicidae) bajo condiciones no controladas en Bogotá

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar varios aspectos del crecimiento y el desarrollo de los estadios inmaduros de Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1826 (Diptera: Culicidae), especie antropofilica frecuentemente encontrada en Bogota. Con este fin, se realizaron dos experimentos en diferentes epocas del ano 2001 (enero-febrero y septiembre-octubre), bajo condiciones no controladas (luz, temperatura y humedad relativa). Se colocaron recipientes plasticos transparentes con agua de charca a la que se le adiciono concentrado para perro; se tomaron cuatro balsas al azar para estudiar el ciclo de vida utilizando los parametros de la tabla de vida: mortalidad y supervivencia. Las hembras ovipositaron entre cinco y ocho dias despues de la ingestion de sangre. El numero de huevos por balsa vario entre 152 y 203. La eclosion de larvas L1 fue de 50% en el primer experimento y de 75% en el segundo. Se destaco la naturaleza no sincronica de la eclosion de las L1, la menor duracion proporcional del estadio de pupa (11% del tiempo del desarrollo total) y la eficiencia del cambio pupa-adulto (98,61%). Se reporta una menor duracion del ciclo de lo informado previamente. Ademas, los altos porcentajes de eclosion (83,58%), pupacion (86,63%) y emergencia (98,61%) con las condiciones presentes para estos experimentos (temperatura media 14,8°C y 15,1°C y humedad relativa del 72,5% y 74,1%, respectivamente) indican el alto grado de adaptacion de C. quinquefasciatus al ambiente bogotano. Estas caracteristicas, mas la capacidad vectorial y la resistencia a los insecticidas, hacen de esta especie un problema de salud publica.