Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-dependent effects of a marine ecosystem engineer on predator-prey interactions

The presence of ‘ecosystem engineers’ alters the biophysical landscape and can shape associated animal and plant communities within terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems. For instance, in shallow marine ecosystems, reefs formed by filter-feeding bivalves such as oysters provide complex structure, while simultaneously influencing water column properties (e.g. light availability) through suspension feeding. Although it is well supported that both complex structure and light level can influence trophic interactions individually, both factors are highly variable in shallow marine ecosystems and potentially interact to produce non-additive effects. To explore how the multiple influences of an ecosystem engineer affect trophic interactions, we conducted mesocosm experiments with common estuarine species (i.e. Atlantic croaker and grass shrimp, and blue crab and brown shrimp) to test the effects of habitat context (high complexity oyster reefs vs. structureless bottom) and light level on prey survival. Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus predation on grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio was significantly reduced by the presence of oyster reef structure and was not affected by light level. In contrast, blue crab Callinectes sapidus predation on brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus was influenced by the interaction of habitat context and light level: the presence of oyster reefs reduced brown shrimp survival rates at high light levels, but increased survival in low light. Therefore, predicting how habitat context influences species interactions requires an understanding of both species composition and light level. The setting and the physical factors altered by ecosystem engineers can influence community structure both individually and collectively, and consequently should be incorporated in predictive models aimed at understanding and enhancing our management of coastal ecosystems.
High throughput purification of r-hGH using radial column chromatography

7.2. 1 Expression of r-hGH using fed-batch fermentation 138 7.2. 2 Solubilization and refolding of r-hGH from inclusion bodies 139 7.2. 3 Purification of r-hGH 140 7.2. 3a Radial column chromatography 140 7.2. 3b Axial column chromatography 140 7.2. 3c Gel filtration chromatography 141 7.2. 4 Mass spectroscopy and circular dichroism 141 7.2. 5 Estimation of free thiols using Ellman's reagent (DNTB) 141 7.2. 6 Nb2 bioassay 142
Collateralized CDS and Default Dependence - Implications for the Central Clearing

In this paper, we have studied the pricing of a continuously collateralized CDS. We have made use of the "survival measure" to derive the pricing formula in a straightforward way. As a result, we have found that there exists irremovable trace of the counter party as well as the investor in the price of CDS through their default dependence even under the perfect collateralization, although the hazard rates of the two parties are totally absent from the pricing formula. As an important implication, we have also studied the situation where the investor enters an offsetting back-to-back trade with another counter party. We have provided simple numerical examples to demonstrate the change of a fair CDS premium according to the strength of default dependence among the relevant names, and then discussed its possible implications for the risk management of the central counter parties.
Defining a methodology for mapping Chinese and English sense inventories

In this study, we explored methods for linking Chinese and English sense inventories using two opposing approaches: creating links (1) bottom-up: by starting at the finer-grained sense level then proceeding to the verb subcategorization frames and (2) top-down: by starting directly with the more coarse-grained frame levels. The sense inventories for linking include preexisting corpora, such as English Propbank (Palmer, Gildea, and Kingsbury, 2005), Chinese Propbank (Xue and Palmer, 2004) and English WordNet (Fellbaum, 1998) and newly created corpora, the English and Chinese Sense Inventories from DARPAGALE OntoNotes. In the linking task, we selected a group of highly frequent and polysemous communication verbs, including say, ask, talk, and speak in English, and shuo, biao-shi, jiang, and wen in Chinese. We found that with the bottom-up method, although speakers of both languages agreed on the links between senses, the subcategorization frames of the corresponding senses did not match consistently. With the topdown method, if the verb frames match in both languages, their senses line up more quickly to each other. The results indicate that the top-down method is more promising in linking English and Chinese sense inventories.
Droplet spreading: Intermediate scaling law by PDE methods

We consider the spreading of a thin droplet of viscous liquid on a plane surface driven by capillarity. The standard lubrication approximation leads to an evolution equation for the film height h that is ill‐posed when the spreading is limited by the no‐slip boundary condition at the liquid‐solid interface due to a singularity at the moving contact line. The most common relaxation of the no‐slip boundary condition removes this singularity but introduces a new physical length scale: the slippage length b. It is believed that this microscopic‐length scale only enters logarithmically in the effective (that is, macroscopic) spreading behavior.
Aromatic compound in different peach cultivars and effect of preservatives on the final aroma of cooked fruits

In our study, we were used four yellow-fleshed peach cultivars ‟Royal Glory‟, „Redhaven", 'Maria Marta' and 'Norman', during two-year period. The characterization of aromatic constituents of investigated cultivars was done using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME). The intention was to make implicit discrimination between cultivars by analysis of components present in all cultivars during two-year period. Also, the impact of added preservatives (Na-benzoate and citric acid) on the final aroma of cooked peaches was studied. The cultivars' differences and the impact of preservatives (Na-benzoate and citric acid) were statistically evaluated. Multiple discriminant analysis of peaches‟ aromatic profile was used to segregate investigated peach cultivars. Although they were very similar, the cultivars were segregated by two discriminant function, function 1 (which accounted for 56.9% of this peach model) and function 2 (31.7%). The use of preservatives had also an important impact on the aromatic profile of cooked peaches. The statistical analysis indicated that from 57 identified volatiles, 40 volatiles showed statistically significant difference regarding the way of preservation. The main negative impact had Na-benzoate compared to control or samples preserved with citric acid.
ARC Centre of Excellence on Cognition and its Disorders

Romantic relationships are often facilitated through digital technologies, such as social networking sites and communication services. They are also facilitated through ‘digital possessions’, such as messages sent to mobile devices and photos shared through social media. When individuals break up, digitally disconnecting can be facilitated by using those digital technologies and managing or curating these digital possessions. This research explores the break up stories of 13 individuals aged between 18 and 52. The aim of this work is to inform the design of systems focused on supporting individuals to decouple and disentangle digitally in the wake of a break up. Four areas of interest emerged from the data: communication, using digital possessions, managing digital possessions, and experiences of technology. Opportunities for design were identified in decoupling and disentangling, and designing around guilt. Author
A Vector Diagram Approach to Shaping Inputs for Vibration Reduction

This pape: describes a method for limiting vibration in flexible systems by shaping the system inputs. Unlike most previous attempts at input shaping, this method does not required an extensive system model or lengthy ntmerical computation; only knowledge of the system natural frequency 4nd damping ratio are required. The effectiveness of this method when there are errors in the system model is explored and quantified. An algorithm is presented which, given an upper bound on acceptable esidual vibration amplitude, determines a shaping strategy that is insensitive to errors in the estimated natural frequency. A procedure for shaping inputs to systems with input constraints is outlined. Thel shaping method is evaluated by dynamic simulations and hardware experiments. / Copyright 0 Massachusetts Institut of Technology, 1990 This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory's artificial intelligence research is provided in part by Draper Laboratory under contract DL-H-404169 and in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defence under Office of Naval Research contract N0001486-K-01685.
Spitzer's large CO_2 ice detection toward the L723 class 0 object

The L723 low mass class 0 protostellar object has been observed with the IRS low resolution spectrometer onboard Spitzer Space Telescope. A huge CO 2 ice column density of 6.3 ± 1 $\times$ 10 18 cm -2 is detected toward this extremely red object. We constructed the spectral energy distribution (SED) of L723 by combining the Spitzer spectral data with Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) camera extracted fluxes, IRAS points, ISO long wavelength spectrometer (LWS) observations and millimeter ground based observations. A self consistent 1D model was developed to fit the SED. We show that, besides the high CO 2 column density, the abundance ratio of CO 2 ice to silicates grain cores is similar to other lines-of-sight.
Carbon Taxes, Path Dependency, and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Auto Industry

Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between “dirty” (internal combustion engine) and “clean” (e.g., electric, hybrid, and hydrogen) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that firms tend to innovate more in clean (and less in dirty) technologies when they face higher tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation (clean/dirty) both from aggregate spillovers and from the firm’s own innovation history. We simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow clean technologies to overtake dirty technologies.
Eigenvalues of the Laplacian in Two Dimensions

The eigenvalue problem for the Laplace operator in two dimensions is classical in mathematics and physics. Nevertheless, computational methods for estimating the eigenvalues are still of much current interest, particularly in applications to acoustic and electromagnetic waveguides. Although our primary interest is with the computational methods, there are a number of theoretical results on the behavior of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions that are useful for understanding the methods and, in addition, are of interest in themselves. These results are discussed first and then the various computational methods that have been used to estimate the eigenvalues are reviewed with particular emphasis on methods that give error bounds. Some of the more powerful techniques available are illustrated by applying them to a model problem.
Issues with ESTAR Models for Real Exchange Rate Modelling

This study assesses the suitability of the ESTAR specification for real exchange rate modelling. It is outlined that an exponential transition function cannot generate a fast regime transition at the threshold points, leading to the parameter governing the transition speed to become small. It is shown that a small value of the transition speed parameter results in the interpretation of regimes becoming meaningless due to the weighting function remaining close to zero over the entire range of the threshold variable. It is further shown that this also leads to weak identification with regards to two parameters in the model which effectively enter as a product into the conditional mean. These results are illustrate empirically on the often cited study of Taylor, Peel and Sarno (2001).
Random Graph Generation Based p-Method and Box Method for the Evaluation of Power-Aware Routing Protocols of Ad hoc Networks

The objective of this paper is to investigate the best solution such that on which decision should be made to forward a wireless packet. The decision should be made in such a way to keep the node alive by choosing an alternate path, through those nodes that have more power reserve. Minimizing the consumption of the reserve power will results in an increase in the number of hops the packet must travel. A hybrid solution can be utilized which is a combination of power-aware and minimizing the number of hops to be traveled. Recent research suggests that it should select the node with high power reserve than based on the shortest path. A question arises which is more critical for ad hoc networks the power-aware solution or the shortest path based on the number of hops. This research will investigate these solutions aiming on minimizing power consumption for wireless packets networks and the number of hops to be traveled. Through rigorous empirical analysis based on the pmethod and box-space method, we were able to derive critical global properties with respect to end-toend minimum power consumption routes. Finally, a simulation results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Bayesian Behavior Scoring Model

Although many scoring models have been developed in literature to oer nancial institutions guidance in credit granting decision, the pur- pose of most scoring models are to improve their discrimination ability, not their explanatory ability. Therefore, the conventional scoring models can only provide limited information in the relationship among customer de- mographics, default risk, and credit card attributes, such as APR (annual percentage rate) and credit limits. In this paper, a Bayesian behavior scor- ing model is proposed to help nancial institutions identify factors which truly reect customer value and can aect default risk. To illustrate the proposed model, we applied it to the credit cardholder database provided by one major bank in Taiwan. The empirical results show that increasing APR will raise the default probability greatly. Single cardholders are less accountable for credit card repayment. High income, female, or cardholders with higher education are more likely to have good repayment ability.
Vulnerability of Domestic Sheep to Lynx Depredation in Relation to Roe Deer Density

Abstract The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) causes large loss of free-ranging domestic sheep in Norway. We tested whether the observed higher kill rates by male lynx than female lynx were related to an association between the availability of the main natural prey, as measured by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) habitat suitability, presence of sheep, and habitat selection of male and female lynx. We found that lynx selected areas with high roe deer suitability during summer and winter. Moreover, during summer, compared to male lynx, females had greater selection for roe deer areas and a stronger avoidance for sheep grazing areas, which suggests that previously observed differences in kill rates between male and female lynx can be attributed to sex-specific habitat use during summer. The connection between lynx habitat use and roe deer also was reflected in a positive relationship between the roe deer suitability of a sheep grazing area and the total loss of lambs, which suggests that livestock, rather than being actively selected, are mainly killed by lynx incidentally when encountered during other lynx activities (e.g., searching for natural prey species). Therefore, any management practice that separates lynx and sheep, such as concentrating livestock into small patches or less preferred habitats, may reduce depredation.
dioxin ]-7-yl ) phosphane ( Ph 2 P [ bis-EDOT ] ) complexes

Phosphine ligands bearing 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-[5,5'-bithieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin]-7-yl (BisEDOT) groups [Ph2P(Bis-EDOT), 6] have been prepared, together with their complexes [MCl2(6)2] [M= Pd (7) and Pt (8)]. The electrochemical co-polymerization of the complexes with EDOT was investigated, with a view to making conducting polymers incorporating covalently-bound metal–phosphine complexes. Polymer-coated electrodes were obtained in all experiments, and X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XFS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements established that polymers made in the presence of [MCl2(6)2] were genuine co-polymers containing both EDOT units and Pd(II) or Pt(II) complexes.
Podospora anserina bibliography n° 10 - Additions

Podospora anserina is a coprophilous fungus growing on herbivore dung. It is a pseudohomothallic species in which ascus development results, as in Neurospora tetrasperma but through a different process, in the formation of four large ascospores containing nuclei of both mating types. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This special paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol50/iss1/15
The Efficacy of Toll-Like Receptors in Awakening Dendritic Cell/Natural Killer Cell System for Eradication of Tumors

Natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells of the innate immune system that exert direct cytotoxic functions. Ubiquitously-expressed toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been recognized as one of the major components promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation, which may induce polarized immune responses beneficial to cancer immunotherapy. TLR-activated NK cells and DCs are prerequisite for robust activation of the innate immune system against tumors. Recently, some medical research and clinical trials have proposed NK cells as a new therapy and potential strategy in both children and adults with those cancers which cannot be cured with the usual treatment modalities. As an example, the importance of DC/NK antitumor immunity in the outcome of breast and other cancers is recently recognized. Therefore, considering strategies which exploit TLR-mediated immunity in concordance with DC/NK system holds strong potential for cancer therapy. This review addresses the current knowledge about the potential role of TLR in tumor immunotherapy.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS AND HEAT-FLOW ANALYSIS IN HOLE 504 B 1

Drilled 200 km south of the Costa Rica Rift, DSDP/ODP Hole 504B is the deepest hole ever drilled into young oceanic crust, reaching a maximum depth of 2111 mbsf. As the most recent cruise to date to visit this site, Leg 148 offered a new opportunity to investigate such observations from the previous legs as the slow thermal recovery from the flow of cold seawater into the underpressured upper units of basement and the unexplained decrease of measured vertical conductive heat flow with depth (from 196 to 120 mW/m). Because of operational troubles during the measurements, the initial data have been corrected, and the actual temperatures show that the aquifer underlying the sediments is still recovering from the inflow of cold seawater. The decrease with depth of the conductive vertical heat flow was also confirmed, but careful observations of the temperature gradient variations suggest that the interval where the change in heat flow occurs coincides with a listric fault at 800 mbsf, as inferred from downhole measurements. Even though permeability has been shown to be very low over the basement section, the presence of a narrow highpermeability interval at this depth would be compatible with the uncertainty of these measurements. The circulation of warm fluid within this interval could explain the temperature observations, but it would challenge our understanding of the regional thermal regime.
DoxorubicinInduced Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Phisiop athological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Alternatives.

Summary The doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents against a wide variety of cancers. However, its use is seriously limited by the development in the heart of acute and chronic toxic effects. Oxidative stress is the major etiopathological factor in DOXinduced cardiotoxicity. Mechanisms of action and toxicity of DOX are revised in this review, an also the potential therapeutic alternatives. The mechanism of doxorubicininduced dilated cardiomyopathy is chara cterized by left ventricular dilation that is associated with systolic dysfunction also the strategies to attenuate DOX toxicity are dosage optimisation, synthesis and use of analogues or combined therapy with antioxidants. The most promising results come from the combination of the drug delivery together with an antioxidant in order to reduce oxidative stress.
Shifting from Ideal to Critical Multiculturalism in Canadian Teacher Education Programs: Examining the Challenges

This paper describes a recent initiative designed to provide support for teacher candidates from culturally diverse backgrounds as they traverse a one-year teacher education program in Canada. Results and discussion are based on qualitative data from an information survey, student-professor conversations, a review of seminar documents and processes, and observations and reflections made by professors conducting the seminar. Overall, the Language and Cultural Engagement Seminar was successful in providing a supportive environment in which complicated and politically volatile issues, which would otherwise have remained unacknowledged, were discussed openly. The main concerns expressed by participants were the communication concern (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, accent, etc.), concern for power and authority in the classroom, and the socio-cultural acceptance concern. Power and communication concerns diminished when teacher candidates felt a level of cultural acceptance in the classroom; therefore, we propose that socio-cultural acceptance be investigated in future research into the concern construct. Since differential pronunciation had the effect of positioning teacher candidates on the periphery of classroom discourse, we concluded that acceptance of accent diversity (lack thereof) was one barrier between ideal (policy) and experienced (lived) multi-cultures. Resume Cet article decrit une initiative recente designee a procurer un soutien aux etudiants-maitres provenant de divers milieux socio-culturels pendant l'annee de leur formation au Canada. Les resultats et les discussions sont bases sur les donnees qualitatives obtenues d'une surveillance de renseignements, des conversations entre professeurs et etudiants, une revision des documents et processus obtenus pendant un colloque et des observations et reflexions faites par les professeurs conduisant ce colloque. En general le colloque "Language and Cultural Engagement Seminar" a reussi a offrir un mileu positif dans lequel des problemes compliques ou explosifs, qui auraient pu passer inappercus, avaient ete discutes franchement. Les principales inquietudes citees par les participants sont: l'inquietude sur la communication (grammaire, vocabulaire, prononciation, accent, etc.), l'inquietude concernant l'autorite et le pouvoir en classe. et l'inquietude de n'etre pas acceptes a cause de leurs antecedents socio-culturels. Mais les inquietudes sur le pouvoir et la communication sont diminuees quand les etudiants-maitres sentaient qu'ils atteignaient un certain niveau d'acceptation culturelle en classe. Nous proposons que l'acceptation socio-culturelle deviendra