Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient elliptic curve cryptosystems

Elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC) are new generations of public key cryptosystems that have a smaller key size for the same level of security. The exponentiation on elliptic curve is the most important operation in ECC, so when the ECC is put into practice, the major problem is how to enhance the speed of the exponentiation. It is thus of great interest to develop algorithms for exponentiation, which allow efficient implementations of ECC. In this paper, we improve efficient algorithm for exponentiation on elliptic curves defined over Fp in terms of affine coordinates. The algorithm computes directly from random points P and Q on an elliptic curve, without computing the intermediate points. Moreover, we apply the algorithm to exponentiation on elliptic curves with width-w Mutual Opposite Form (wMOF) and analyze their computational complexity. This algorithm can speed up the wMOF exponentiation of elliptic curves of size 160-bit about (21.7 %) as a result of its implementation with respect to affine coordinates.
Exercise Echocardiography in Children

Exercise echocardiography has been widely used in adult cardiology, and is mainly used for assessing regional myocardial function in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. In addition, it is also useful in the evaluation of the haemodynamic significance of valve disease, such as aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. In children, exercise echocardiography has found its place in the detection of ischaemia in patients with coronary artery abnormalities such as Kawasaki disease, and abnormal origin of coronary arteries. Other indications include assessment of haemodynamic and myocardial response in patients with different types of congenital heart disease, the early detection of myocardial dysfunction in specific populations such as patients after chemotherapy exposure. The incorporation of tissue Doppler and strain imaging with exercise echocardiography has more quantitative analysis of regional and global systolic and diastolic function.
Analyzing Consumer Returns Policy in a Dual- channel Supply Chain with a Risk-averse Retailer

This paper investigates a dual-channel supply chain consisting of a risk-neutral manufacturer and a risk-averse retailer. The manufacturer offers a consumer returns policy in the online channel, in which consumers face valuation uncertainty. We use conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) criterion to evaluate the risk-averse behaviour of the retailer. We examine how consumer returns policy and risk-averse behaviour influence the equilibrium solutions and supply chain agents’ performance. It is shown that the manufacturer’s optimal returns policy is related to consumer types. If the consumer has a moderate valuation of the product, the optimal returns policy depend on the retailer’s risk-averse level. We observe a counter-intuitive phenomenon, the retailer’s expected utility may increase under the double pressure of manufacturer encroachment and better returns service. Furthermore, a buyback revenue-sharing contract is offered to coordinate the dual-channel supply chain when the refund is endogenous. Finally, we explore several extensions. [Received:; Revised:; Accepted:]
Social presence in online learning communities

Tools for online communication are increasingly used in education, but they are not without problems. One significant difficulty is a lack of social presence. Social presence relates to the need for users to feel connected with each other and to perceive each other as real people. Low social presence can be a particular problem in text-based asynchronous systems such as discussion forums. These do not offer visual or auditory cues to communication, and there can be long delays between messages. This can lead to feelings of impersonality, and hence disengagement from online learning. The more recent literature on social presence suggests that it is influenced by the behaviour and interactions of participants, as well as by the characteristics of the communication medium. Learners in an online community can therefore increase social presence by communicating in ways which are perceived as 'warm' or 'sociable', and can compensate for the lack of richness of the medium. Moreover, features of communication systems can be used to encourage these types of interactions, and to ease communication. For example: use of member profiles can help participants feel that they know each other better; and use of synchronous communication can avoid frustrating delays between messages and responses. These possibilities, which are advocated in the research literature, also emerged from interviews carried out with students at the UK Open University. These interviews aimed to explore students' experiences of using online communication in a distance learning course, and their ideas for improvements to online communication systems for learning. The interviews revealed problems, such as poor communication and misunderstandings, associated with a lack of social presence. Students highlighted system features that they found useful, or would like to have available, which would help to address these issues. In particular, they suggested that increased use of member profiles would help them get to know each other better, and that synchronous communication tools such as instant messaging would be of practical and social value. It is concluded that social presence in online learning communities can be enhanced by changes to the design and use of communication systems, together with attention to styles of communication within these environments.
A Modified Edge Removal Stiener Tree Heuristic for Global Routing in VLSI Design

Routing is a key stage for VLSI physical design. Steiner tree construction is a well studied topic in design automation. There have been a number of significant theoretical advances in the past few years. The focus of this paper is on combining the speed and solution quality of a high quality Steiner heuristic with the reality of modern routing. Practical designs contain routing congestion and blockages; routing is implemented across multiple layers. Each routing layer has preferred directions, and connecting vias have significant cost. In a modern design, many trees are in competition with each other for scarce routing resources. The objective is not to simply build trees with the lowest length; they must also be low cost. We present an approach that is as fast as spanning tree construction, while accurately modeling routing costs. Our work extends an earlier Steiner tree heuristic algorithm by adding the ability to minimize the routing congestion without altering the computational complexity of the underlying algorithm. We compare our CAST algorithm with the capacitated minimum spanning tree (CMST) and the ER algorithm finding that our approach offers impressive reduction in congestion cost in average about 23.1% and 63.4%, respectively.
Relationship between transformational leadership, Innovation, Learning and Growth, and Internal Process: Government Organizations

The main purpose of this paper is to justify and discuss the relationship among transformational leadership, innovation, learning and growth, internal process within government organizations. Transformational leadership style consists of five components namely vision, intellectual stimulation, inspirational communication, personal recognition, and supportive leadership. Besides, innovation, learning and growth, and internal process are considered as three main perspectives of organization’s performance.
The Cause of Land Use Change and Effect of the Change on Crop Yield in Case of Azezo Tekle Haymanot Kebele

This research was conducted in Amhara region located in the Gondar town specifically in Azezo Tekle Haymanot Kebele. The objective of the research to assess the cause of land use change and it effect of the change on crop yield. The research to collect both primary and secondary data was collected from sampling house hold. Household survey, field observation, questionnaire survey, and focus group discussion were used for primary data collection within 80 households were selected as sample household for interview based on simple random sampling. Secondary data were gathered from governmental organization, libraries, journals, and internet etc. A household sample was obtained using a simple random sampling technique; Information gather by interviews were conducted with community representatives, distract experts and development agents who worked in the community of Azezo Tekle Haymanot Kebele. The collected data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, were used to analyze simple tables while to interpreting the result. The result shows that major 70.89% of in Azezo Tekle Haymanot Kebele land usage changed by infrastructure development and 13.92% of the cause of land usage changed by urban settlement expansion, 11.66% of land usage changed by building. In study area the declining agriculture productivity is due to above mentioned factors. Generally, in total farm land from the year 2002-2006 there is reduction land under farming, of 205 hectares in Azezo Tekle Haymanot Kebele farm land for infrastructure development, urban development like settlement explanation with a rate of change of 912 ha to reduced 825 ha per 4-year data. On the other hand, farm land cover reduced from 88 ha with a rate of land change. However, between urban expansion and agricultural land use change it effect on agricultural productivity of land scarcity or shortage and the community to give compensation money to change start off-farm opportunities.
Factors affecting engagement and talent development in a school-based sports program

School-based sports programs provide important early sports experiences for children and young athletes, with opportunities to participate in recreational sport, or invest in developing skills required to achieve excellence. However, the suitability of school programs to balance long-term sports engagement with opportunities to develop excellence is not yet known. Four related studies were used to investigate the factors influencing sports participation and talent development in a school-based sports program. Firstly, in a cohort of 501 adolescent sport participants from 25 different sports, Study 1 showed physical and motor competence profiles to be very similar between sports in young athletes, before becoming more heterogeneous with increasing age. Participants at higher levels of competition also reported a delayed engagement in their primary sport. Study 2 employed a multidimensional approach to examine the factors influencing talent selection in adolescent soccer players (N=214), revealing fitness, technical ability and motor competence to be important for talent selection, while players seemed to be guided into playing positions based on maturation, anthropometry and physical performance. Study 3 employed a mixed model approach to examine the factors influencing match activity in youth soccer, showing playing level, playing position and individual fitness characteristics to all influence both match running and skill involvements during match-play. Finally, Study 4 employed a two-year cohort-longitudinal design (N=172), showing players selected into lower playing levels to be more likely to drop out of the school-based soccer program. Additionally, the program did not seem to support retention of motor competence. Collectively, these studies suggest development opportunities may be confounded by the talent selection process, and the school environment may not be suitable for the retention of motor competence. However, schools may also provide an ideal setting to implement a sampling pathway, which may be the most suitable for early sports involvement, improving motor competence, long-term engagement, and development of excellence.
Performance Improvement of WSN by using Zone Clustering Routing Protocol with Multi-gateway

Wireless Sensor Network depends on nodes have limited energy, memory, computational power, range and it is important to increase energy efficiency by saving the battery power so as to extend the life time of the given WSN deployment. In WSN, data is measured by nodes and same is send to Base Station at regular interval. Different protocols are used for energy consumption, in wireless sensor network. In this paper we are trying to improve the life time performance of WSN by using zone-divided and energy-balanced clustering routing protocol with multigateway. Zone clustering approach divides the area into several zones according to the distance and uses the clustering method among these zones. The key idea of these protocols is that within a cluster there is a cluster-head‖ which receives the data from remaining nodes and such data is sent to gateways. We also investigate the impact of deploying multiple gateways on the following established energy aware load balancing routing techniques: Zone clustering with random and energy efficient cluster head.
Consequences of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mutations on inflammatory cells

Recent studies in cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutations and function have shed light on its involvement in disease progression. The extent of cell and tissue distribution of CFTR facilitates systemic dysfunction of ion transport in patients carrying a mutation in CFTR, however, its incidences as cofounding risk factor to develop other diseases is not well studied. In this review we differentiate the dysfunctions driven by CFTR mutations in cell of the immune system and their role in CF progression and examine the types of medical treatments available to patients up to date. Correspondence to: Guillermo R. Castro, Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Applied Biotechnology (CINDEFI, UNLP-CONICET, CCT La Plata), Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, Tel: ++54-221-4833794; ++54221-4833132; E-mail: grcastro@gmail.com
College English Listening Teaching based on Schema Theory

Schema theory is a theory that cognitive psychologists explain human cognitive psychology process. Listening comprehension is the result of the interaction between the existed knowledge and input information in the listeners' mind, which is the interaction mode of "bottom-up" and "top-down". In the process of college English listening teaching, building languages and schemas' contents, activating existing schemas to improve the students' initiative and teaching effect. On the basis of the schema theory, this paper studies the schema theory application, classifies the schema in listening teaching, puts forward the enlightenment that the schema theory to college English teaching, specifically including: cultivating understanding ability and prediction ability, enriching the schema of each teaching link and cultivating culture background knowledge and so on. The research results of this paper enrich the listening teaching method, which can help students to improve their English listening comprehension ability.
Entrepreneurial peculiarity and financing sources

The reason of this study is to review the effect of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) owner-manager idiosyncrasy on the financing sources in Nigeria. The paper supported an adumbration apropos the appliance of the organizational capability proposition. In this way, the organizational capability theory is affirmed. This study outlined and expands the existing literature. The review will deepen the knowledge, understanding and so the perception of SME-owner manager. They can affect through the capacities of the firm owners-managers anticipate and adjust to the business environment in which they work and to help them in their decision process regarding their organization’s capital structure in the midst of an interregnum when entrepreneur financing fuss are dynamically evoked in the Nigeria setting.
Mortality and survival in early stages control recruitment in Calanus finmarchicus

We present a data set describing the seasonal climatology and the spatial pattern in mortality and recruitment in early stages of Calanus finmarchicus in the lower St Lawrence estuary (LSLE) and the Gulf of St Lawrence (GSL), respectively. Contrary to the common assumption of constant mortality, daily mortality during development from egg to N3 or N6 showed important seasonal and spatial variations mostly independent from patterns in population egg production. Patterns in recruitment rate to late naupliar stages were mainly associated with patterns in survival, and dictated patterns in abundance of nauplii N4‐6 (seasonal, LSLE) and early copepodite C1‐2 (spatial, GSL). Consequently, recruitment to late naupliar and early copepodid stages was largely independent from patterns in population egg production. A multiple regression model showed that phytoplankton biomass and female abundance exerted opposite effects in the control of mortality, illustrating the beneficial effect of high phytoplankton biomass on the survival due to a relaxation of the cannibalism pressure or mortality owing to food shortage. A sensitivity analysis using a stage-based model clearly showed variations in the amplitude and the timing in recruitment to late naupliar stages solely due to different mortality formulations. Moreover, our simulations suggested that temperature alone should not be of primary importance in determining patterns in survival because of its general scaling effect on metabolism. Our study reinforces the importance of an adequate description of mortality and survival in studies of population dynamics and illustrates the importance of developing dynamic mortality formulations integrating multiple effects for future use in models of C. finmarchicus.
Methodological considerations as to quantify nutrient and energy metabolism in lactating sows

Protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy metabolism were studied in 8 lactating sows with their litters. Intake of nutrients and energy and excretion in faeces, urine and milk were studied in digestibility and nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) balances, while indirect calorimetry was used to quantify heat (HE) and methane (CH4) production. As the piglets have to join the sow during measurements total HE (sow + piglets) was measured. In order to separate total HE into sow HE and piglet HE different methods were used. The sow milk production was measured by deuterated water (D2O) dilution. By using doubly labelled water (D2 18O) in three piglets per litter, the CO2 production of the piglets was measured simultaneously with milk production with high accuracy. The sow HE was measured from heart rate by implantation of a telemetric transmitter. In addition total HE could be separated into sow HE and piglet HE by dividing the gas exchange according to metabolic liveweight (LW, kg0.75) of sow and piglets and by using factorial methods for sow and piglets. The physical activity of the sow was recorded by means of a photocell. Advantages and disadvantages by using the different methods are discussed.
The Effect of Pinaverium Bromide (Dicetel) in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The effect of pinaverium bromide (Dicetel), an anti­ spasmodic agent acting on the gastrointestinal system as investigated in 110 patient with irritable bowel syndrome in a placebo controlled study. Hundred patients were treated with pinaverium bromide (3x50 mg/day) tablets and ten patients with placebo for two weeks. We obser­ ved that pinaverium bromide was significantly effective than placebo in irritable bowel syndrome (p<0.01). It was not effective in the patients who had additional organic gastrointestinal disease. A few adverse reactions were seen in the patients who used pinaverium bromide. We conclude that pinaverium bromide is a safely and effec­ tive drug in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Generation of Mandala Patterns from Texts that Include Sutras, Poems and Strings of Words: Method and Examples

Two-dimensional patterns with four-fold mirror symmetry are generated from texts written with Chinese characters. The drawing is based on the spiral mapping technique, with which one can visualize a statistical property of a text within a two- dimensional region through spirally folding a string of the characters. After illustrating the outline of the method, typical results of the pattern generation are shown and subsequently analyzed by means of the diversity indices. Specifically, these patterns can be obtained from a variety of texts such as sutras, poems, and strings of words, for instance, titles of chapters in a literary work.
Histo Toxic and Pathologicl Study of Tamoxifen Citrate on The Kidney of Female Rats

we toke 32 laboratory female rats (Rattus norvegicus) sexually mature 16 weeks age and 200±50 gm in weight, were used, divided to four groups control, low dose, intermediate dose and high dose, later administration by oral gavage tamoxifen citrate for three months 50mg/kg low dose,100mg/kg intermediate dose and 200mg/kg high dose. after that the animals killed, tissue were taken fixed in 10% formalin, section prepares and stained with hematoxilin and eosin in addition special stains for connective tissue by Mallory was done. Histopathological result shoed as the kidney with moderate vacuolated subcapsular cortical tubules,dilated tubules in inner cortex and positive Mallory blue stain collagine fibers around congested blood vessels were seen. Finally it appears that subcabsuler cortical tubules (proximal convulated tubules)as the target toxic effect of tamoxifen citrate in the kidney. Keywords: histopathology, toxicity, tamoxifen, in rats I Introduction Tamoxifen is a drug that has been in worldwide use for the treatment of anti estrogen receptor (ER)- positive breast cancer for over 30 years; it has been used in both the metastatic and adjuvant setting (Matteo et al.,2012). At present, tamoxifen is the only proven oral agent for the adjuvant hormonal treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancer in premenopausal women (Colleoni et al., 2006), and it can be used in both pre- and postmenopausal women who are at increased risk of breast cancer (Fisher et al.,2005). The concentrations of TAM was detected 2-9-Fold higher in kidneys, than the serum levels. Similar results have been reported following long term TAM administration both in human and animals, Tissue accumulation of TAM may be related to the presence of the anti estrogenic binding- sites (AEBS) in the tissue (Fronson et al .,1973). in the Tamoxifen treated the kidney was extensively degenerated with severe vasocongestion and edema in the renal parenchyma and also wide dilation in the Bowman's capsule. In most areas the Bowman's capsule lost its normal morphology(Sanjeev et al.,2014). The tamoxifen increased incidence of hypernephromas in DEN- initiated rats (Wolf and Jordan, 1992).
Complex fluid flows: Classical fluid mechanics vs. thermodynamics of fluids

A comparison between the characteristics of fluid flows which were dealt with by classical mechanics of fluids and the features of complex materials presenting particular fluid properties subject to complicate conditions is performed. The fluids and their motion are analyzed and the mathematical models describing them are minutely shown. This analysis allows us to motivate why the most appropriate mathematical description of complex fluid flows must be the concern of thermodynamics of fluids. A parallel between the laminar and turbulent regimes of motion is also presented whereas the laminar/turbulent transition is associated with dynamics which at its last stages turns into a turbulent motion. In this way, an explanation of the transformation of perturbations into fluctuations is offered.