Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discussion Paper Series CDP No 10 / 07 Skilled migration : the perspective of developing countries

This chapter focuses on the e¤ects of skilled migration on developing countries. We . rst present new evidence on the magnitude of the ”brain drain” at the international level. Using a stylized model of education investment in a context of migration, we then survey the theoretical and empirical brain drain literature in a uni.ed framework. Finally we use a particular speci.cation of the model to discuss a number of policy issues from the perspective of developing
SCALES OF INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM: ASSOCIATED PHYSICAL MECHANISMS AND LIKELY ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

We examined interannual change in several physical environmental indexes to isolate the main scales of variation previously reported—the high (~5‐7 years), decadal-bidecadal (~20‐30 years), and very low frequency (~50‐75 years)—in the California Current system. We employed smoothing filters for the purpose of isolating the scales, using their spectral frequencies to analyze their adequacy. In the case of the decadal-bidecadal scale, we tested the coherence between the series against that of random number series. Later, we extracted the first principal component from all series at each scale of variation and compared this to published information, to the physical mechanisms, and to their effects on biological indexes associated with each. We suggest that all the examined frequencies of interannual variation are related to two opposing states of the system, one state associated with relaxed flow of the California Current; intensification of the Aleutian Low, the Alaska Current, and the California countercurrent; increased coastal sea-surface temperature and sea level; frequent mesoscale eddies formation and persistence; and northward advection of southern fauna; the other state associated with the contrary.
A large Hα survey at z = 2.23, 1.47, 0.84 and 0.40: the 11 Gyr evolution of star-forming galaxies from HiZELS

This paper presents new deep and wide narrow-band surveys undertaken with United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT), Subaru and the Very Large Telescope (VLT), a unique combined effort to select large, robust samples of Hα star-forming galaxies at z = 0.40, 0.84, 1.47 and 2.23 (corresponding to look-back times of 4.2, 7.0, 9.2 and 10.6 Gyr) in a uniform manner over ∼2 deg^2 in the Cosmological Evolution Survey and Ultra Deep Survey fields. The deep multi-epoch Hα surveys reach a matched 3σ flux limit of ≈3 M_⊙ yr^(−1) out to z = 2.2 for the first time, while the wide area and the coverage over two independent fields allow us to greatly overcome cosmic variance and assemble by far the largest samples of Hα emitters. Catalogues are presented for a total of 1742, 637, 515 and 807 Hα emitters, robustly selected at z = 0.40, 0.84, 1.47 and 2.23, respectively, and used to determine the Hα luminosity function and its evolution. The faint-end slope of the Hα luminosity function is found to be α = −1.60 ± 0.08 over z = 0–2.23, showing no significant evolution. The characteristic luminosity of star-forming galaxies, L*_Hα, evolves significantly as log L*_Hα(z) = 0.45z + log L*_z = 0. This is the first time Hα has been used to trace star formation activity with a single homogeneous survey at z = 0.4–2.23. Overall, the evolution seen with Hα is in good agreement with the evolution seen using inhomogeneous compilations of other tracers of star formation, such as far-infrared and ultraviolet, jointly pointing towards the bulk of the evolution in the last 11 Gyr being driven by a statistically similar star-forming population across cosmic time, but with a strong luminosity increase from z ∼ 0 to ∼2.2. Our uniform analysis allows us to derive the Hα star formation history (SFRH) of the Universe, showing a clear rise up to z ∼ 2.2, for which the simple parametrization log_10ρSFR = −2.1(1 + z)^(−1) is valid over 80 per cent of the age of the Universe. The results reveal that both the shape and normalization of the Hα SFRH are consistent with the measurements of the stellar mass density growth, confirming that our Hα SFRH is tracing the bulk of the formation of stars in the Universe for z < 2.23. The star formation activity over the last ∼11 Gyr is responsible for producing ∼95 per cent of the total stellar mass density observed locally, with half of that being assembled in 2 Gyr between z = 1.2 and 2.2, and the other half in 8 Gyr (since z < 1.2). If the star formation rate density continues to decline with time in the same way as seen in the past ∼11 Gyr, then the stellar mass density of the Universe will reach a maximum which is only 5 per cent higher than the present-day value.
Effect of Business Ethics on Performance of Manufacturing Firms in the South-east, Nigeria: A Study of Coca-Cola Industrial Ltd. Enugu, Nigeria

of their customers without adherence to ethical values (Bergman, 2016). The attitudes and conducts of local manufacturers have kept ethics a distance as Quality of Nigerian product has been murdered on the altar of mistrust. Moreover, it is alleged that the poor level of ethical compliance among manufacturing firms have an effect on their performance (Ebitu etal, 2015). Therefore, Abstract: Over the years, business failure has become constant news. This may have resulted from boardroom crisis of confidence orchestrated by the neglect of business ethical best practices. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of business ethics on performance of Manufacturing Firms in the south-east, Nigeria with particular emphasis on Coca-Cola Industrial Ltd. Enugu, Nigeria. Regression analysis has been used for this study. The population size is 5493 workers of Coca-Cola Industrial Ltd. Enugu, Nigeria. Out of this the sample size has been fixed at 369. Yamani formula has been adopted. The results obtained shows that organizational equity significantly influences the performance of Coca-Cola Industrial Ltd. Technical integrity has effect on performance of Coca-Cola Industrial Ltd. Enugu, Nigeria (r =. 775, P<.05). , organizational honesty significantly affects the performance of Coca-Cola Industrial and there is a significant relationship between ethical training and the performance of Coca-Cola Industrial Ltd.It is therefore important that the management of Coca-Cola Industrial Ltd. Enugu, must pay more attention to the issue of business ethics as this will help improve their performance and also restore dying confidence and patronage of their customers.
Correlation between Environmental Variables and Rental Values of Residential Properties in Greater Port Harcourt City, Rivers State, Nigeria

: Property value is a function of many factors. It is a common knowledge that environmental variables and the influence of location externalities are vital to the formation of residential property value. The study assesses the relationship between environmental variables and rental value of residential properties in Greater Port Harcourt City, Rivers State. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. In a wider perspective, data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, document reviews and field observations. A total of 450 out of 500 copies of questionnaires administered to the residents was retrieved while 78 was retrieved out of 116 copies of questionnaires administered to the Professional Estate Valuers managing residential properties within the study area. Questionnaire was distributed on the basis of household population in the study area and stratified systematic sampling approach was adopted in the selection of 500 (residents) respondents. Data analysis techniques used include mean, standard deviation and spearman rank correlation. Three research questions were formulated and one hypothesis tested at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there is a relationship between environmental variables and rental value of residential properties. Secondly, the study showed environmental variables that negatively influence residential property value include floodwater, air pollution, waste dumpsite, traffic congestion, noise pollution and wetland in the study area. Based on the findings, recommendations were made among which is the need for the creation of awareness and public sensitization on environmental issues with potential adverse effect on property values and living standard was also recommended. Essentially, the study will be beneficial to students, property developers, local planning authorities of Rivers State in regulating development and housing for the infrastructural development in the State.
Blockchain Benefits for MAAS

—This paper introduces blockchain services for Mobility As A Service (MAAS) infrastructures, allowing to use public or private modes of transport during a trip. The blockchain system interacts with three classes of blockchain accounts: User, MAAS, and transport operators. It details some possible scenari and associated transactions. It demonstrates that this concept is realistic with emerging and existing technologies.
The Biological Meaning of Radiomic Features.

Radiomic analysis offers a powerful tool for the extraction of clinically relevant information from radiologic imaging. Radiomics can be used to predict patient outcome through automated high-throughput feature extraction, using large training cohorts to elucidate subtle relationships between image characteristics and disease status. However powerful, the data-driven nature of radiomics inherently offers no insight into the biological underpinnings of the observed relationships. Early radiomics work was dominated by analysis of semantic, radiologist-defined features and carried qualitative real-world meaning. Following the rapid developments and popularity of machine learning approaches, the field moved quickly toward high-throughput agnostic analyses, resulting in increasingly large feature sets. This trend took the focus toward an increase in predictive power and further away from a biological understanding of the findings. Such a disconnect between predictor model and biological meaning will inherently limit broad clinical translation. Efforts to reintroduce biological meaning into radiomics are gaining traction in the field with distinct emerging approaches available, including genomic correlates, local microscopic pathologic image textures, and macroscopic histopathologic marker expression. These methods are presented in this review, and their significance is discussed. The authors predict that following the increasing pressure for robust radiomics, biological validation will become a standard practice in the field, thus further cementing the role of the method in clinical decision making.
Photoreceptive Ganglion Cells Drive Circuits for Local Inhibition in the Mouse Retina

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) exhibit melanopsin-dependent light responses that persist in the absence of rod and cone photoreceptor-mediated input. In addition to signaling anterogradely to the brain, ipRGCs signal retrogradely to intraretinal circuitry via gap junction-mediated electrical synapses with amacrine cells (ACs). However, the targets and functions of these intraretinal signals remain largely unknown. Here, in mice of both sexes, we identify circuitry that enables M5 ipRGCs to locally inhibit retinal neurons via electrical synapses with a nonspiking GABAergic AC. During pharmacological blockade of rod- and cone-mediated input, whole-cell recordings of corticotropin-releasing hormone-expressing (CRH+) ACs reveal persistent visual responses that require both melanopsin expression and gap junctions. In the developing retina, ipRGC-mediated input to CRH+ ACs is weak or absent before eye opening, indicating a primary role for this input in the mature retina (i.e., in parallel with rod- and cone-mediated input). Among several ipRGC types, only M5 ipRGCs exhibit consistent anatomical and physiological coupling to CRH+ ACs. Optogenetic stimulation of local CRH+ ACs directly drives IPSCs in M4 and M5, but not M1-M3, ipRGCs. CRH+ ACs also inhibit M2 ipRGC-coupled spiking ACs, demonstrating direct interaction between discrete networks of ipRGC-coupled interneurons. Together, these results demonstrate a functional role for electrical synapses in translating ipRGC activity into feedforward and feedback inhibition of local retinal circuits. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Melanopsin directly generates light responses in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Through gap junction-mediated electrical synapses with retinal interneurons, these uniquely photoreceptive RGCs may also influence the activity and output of neuronal circuits within the retina. Here, we identified and studied an electrical synaptic circuit that, in principle, could couple ipRGC activity to the chemical output of an identified retinal interneuron. Specifically, we found that M5 ipRGCs form electrical synapses with corticotropin-releasing hormone-expressing amacrine cells, which locally release GABA to inhibit specific RGC types. Thus, ipRGCs are poised to influence the output of diverse retinal circuits via electrical synapses with interneurons.
Diagnostic Value of Serum Gastrin and Epidermal Growth Factor to the Gastric Ulcer Complicated with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE To explore the predictive value of serum gastrin (GAS), epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in gastric ulcer complicated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Emergency, Beijing Jiangong Hospital, China, from January 2019 to June 2020. METHODOLOGY One hundred and twenty-five patients with gastric ulcer and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding were selected as Group A. One hundred and twenty-five patients with gastric ulcer and no upper gastrointestinal bleeding were selected as Group B. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the risk factors of gastric ulcer complicated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The value of serum GAS, EGF in early diagnosis of gastric ulcer with upper gastrointestinal bleeding was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between Group A and Group B in taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, serum GAS and EGF (all p <0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that raised serum GAS and serum EGF were independent risk factors for gastric ulcer and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (both p <0.001). The ROC area of serum EGF to predict gastric ulcer and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 0.810 (95% CI: 0.753-0.867, p <0.001), greater than ROC area of serum GAS. At serum EGF of ≤109.95 pg/mL, had the 84.8%, sensitivity to predict gastric ulcer and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding with specificity of 68.8%. CONCLUSION The predictive value of serum GAS and EGF is high for gastric ulcer complicated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; the predictive value of serum EGF is greater than that of serum GAS. Key Words: Gastric ulcer, Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Serum, Gastrin (GAS), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Logistic regression, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
A WEAK LENSING VIEW OF THE DOWNSIZING OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

We describe a weak lensing view of the downsizing of star-forming galaxies based on cross-correlating a weak lensing (κ) map with a predicted map constructed from a redshift survey. Moderately deep and high-resolution images with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam covering the DLS F2 field provide a κ map with 1 arcmin resolution. A dense complete redshift survey of the F2 field including 12,705 galaxies with is the basis for construction of the predicted map. The zero-lag cross-correlation between the κ and predicted maps is significant at the 30σ level. The width of the cross-correlation peak is comparable to the angular scale of rich clusters at , the median depth of the redshift survey. Slices of the predicted map in redshift bins enable exploration of the impact of structure as a function of redshift. The zero-lag normalized cross-correlation has significant local maxima at redshifts coinciding with known massive X-ray clusters. Even in slices where there are no known massive clusters, there is a significant signal in the cross-correlation originating from lower mass groups that trace the large-scale of the universe. Spectroscopic measurements enable division of the sample into star-forming and quiescent populations. In regions surrounding massive clusters of galaxies, the significance of the cross-correlation with maps based on star-forming galaxies increases with redshift from 5σ at z = 0.3 to 7σ at the fractional contribution of the star-forming population to the total cross-correlation signal also increases with redshift. This weak lensing view is consistent with the downsizing picture of galaxy evolution established from other independent studies.
Measuring the micromechanical properties of oesophageal mucosa with atomic force microscopy

: The micromechanical properties of soft tissue can be used as markers for the physiological state and function of the tissue. Deep understanding of the micromechanics of soft tissue, such as the oesophagus, is of great significance to the design of artificial oesophagi, endoscope materials and coatings for medical devices. Here, the micromechanical properties of oesophageal mucosa were studied under different loading rates, deflections, and dwell time by using atomic force microscopy. The micromechanical properties of soft tissue included elastic modulus, plasticity and adhesion force. Results showed that the micromechanical properties changed with increasing loading rate, deflection and dwell time. The micromechanical properties of oesophageal mucosa were related to time-dependent behaviours, such as contact stress, energy transformation, and strain gradient plasticity. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of oesophageal mucosa affected the micromechanical properties. The force mapping mode was a reliable and effective means to study the micromechanical properties of soft tissue. The results can provide a basis and technical support for the diagnosis of oesophageal diseases from a microscale as well as a material design perspective.
Intra-Family Migration Decisions and Elderly Left Behind

In many poor countries with high emigration rates elderly people are left behind without care when their children migrate. Without a functioning market in private care migrants face a difficult trade-off between working their way out of poverty and providing informal care once their parents become frail or sick. I develop a non-cooperative model of siblings' interactions that explains how chain migration can lead to a breakdown of traditional caregiving structures while an opposing endogenous effect increases family members' incentives to specialize as caregiver. The model's predictions are tested using novel data from Moldova and found to perform better than predictions of some established migration models. The empirical analysis suggests that migration and staying in order to provide care are strategic complements for children of elderly parents in most families. This is evidence of a promising resilience of families' informal security arrangements to large-scale migration.
A Case Series of Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis.

ABSTRACT Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL) is an acute, hemorrhagic demyelinating disease thought to be caused by an immune-mediated process. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis is both diagnostically challenging and fatal in the majority of cases. We present two cases of AHL unexpectedly diagnosed at autopsy. These cases demonstrate the often nonspecific and challenging nature of AHL clinical presentation, review neuropathological mimics, and emphasize the importance of considering this diagnosis in the forensic setting.
Evaluation of the strength, sorption and thermal properties of bamboo plastic composites

Natural fiber plastic composites were made from Nigerian grown bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) by extrusion and evaluated for strength, sorption and thermal properties. Composites were manufactured using two different screened bamboo particle size fractions (<2 mm and < 0.5 mm). The composites were tested for flexural properties, water sorption, melt flow and thermal properties. The melt viscosities at 190oC were 22.3 ± 0.91 kPa·s (<2 mm) and 27.4 ± 1.2 kPa·s (<0.5 mm). The results obtained indicated that the composites made with the smaller particle size fraction had higher flexural strength (37.4 ± 1.0 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (2.0 ± 0.2 GPa) than those made with the larger particle size fraction (29.9 ± 1.1 MPa and 1.7 ± 0.1 GPa). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) also showed higher dynamic storage modulus for the <0.5 mm particle-based composites than those made from the <2 mm particle size fraction due to higher density and better interfacial interaction between the fiber and matrix. Also, the composites made with the smaller particles and were more dimensionally stable (water absorption of 5.4% versus 18.5% at 61 d). The bamboo composites had thermal stablility range of 265 – 279oC (onset degradation temperature). The composites made with the smaller bamboo particles possessed the better properties in comparison with those made from the <2 mm. Particle size and density significantly affected the mechanical, physical, thermal and rheological properties of the composites evaluated. Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris, flexural properties, natural fiber plastic composites, particle size
Internet Marketing and its Impact on Society

Internet marketing is also called online marketing. It is the form of electronic communication that is utilized by the marketers to sell the goods and the services to the consumers in the market. The use of the Internet for marketing has become an indispensable part of business. Through the use of Internet we can do businesses and reach the customers in a quick, powerful, easy and inexpensive manner. Marketing firms, with the help of Internet marketing, collect consumer data and production is customized and then it targets potential customers. It is the most unique interactive media between consumers and marketers which speeds up the business. It can be said that ultimate purpose of the Internet marketing helps the customers to have access to a large range of the product. It is Internet-based communication technologies that contributed to the reshaping of marketing world. The important features in Internet marketing are online market research, online advertising, online pricing models and online promotions. This paper explains the various constituents of Internet marketing. This paper tries to examine the merits and demerits of Internet marketing over traditional marketing. This paper tries to analyze how it is benefitting the companies and explore the impact it has on its traditional market and its present society.
Singing Voice Separation by Harmonic Modeling

In this work we suggest how to separate singing voice from an audio mixture relying on an an approach for harmonic modeling. The idea of the harmonic model is to represent the spectral content of a predominant source with harmonic nature as a sum of the fundamental frequency and its partials. Harmonics are function of input detected pitch contours. Therefore, a pitfall for detecting singing voice might be pitch segments coming from soloing instruments with harmonic nature. In [3] are suggested a set of timbral features that help discriminate between regions of singing voice and musical instruments. We filter out instrumental regions by classifying the harmonic content, based on these features. Although vocal modeling could be a conceptual part in some source separation (SS) approaches [1], in most of them, vocal detection (VD) is not done as an explicit step. Only recently it has been shown that VD can enhance the separated signal as a post-processing step to SS [2].