Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Systems with SMES Series in the Rotor Side

The necessary Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability is very important to wind turbines. This paper presents a method to enhance LVRT capability of doubly fed induction generators- (DFIGs-) based wind turbine systems with series superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in the rotor side. When grid fault occurs, series SMES in the rotor side is utilized to produce a desired output voltage and absorbs energy. Compared with other methods which enhance LVRT capability with Superconducting Fault-Current Limiter-Magnetic Energy Storage System (SFCL-MESS), this strategy can control the output voltage of SMES to suppress the transient AC voltage component in the rotor directly, which is more effective and rapid. Theoretical study of the DFIG under low voltage fault is developed; the simulation results are operated by MATLAB/Simulink.
On the Use of Hierarchies to Complete Contracts When Players Have Limited Abilities

Why do larger corporations have more layers in their hierarchy? My contention in this paper is that hierarchies arise because economic agents have limited ability to anticipate and ascertain every possible contingency they are faced with. As a result, the complete contract may become too complex (or too costly) to devise and manage directly. My contention in this paper is that hierarchies may help a limited-ability principal (the organization's president) collect all pertinent information about the productive elements in the organization so that the complete is again possible. The contributions of the paper are six-fold: 1) it suggests a reason why hierarchies exist; 2) it develops a measure of the quantity of information that needs to be processed at each level of the organization; 3) it measures endogenously the optimal number of layers in a hierarchy given the players' ability to process information; 4) it provides a rationale for having the most talented individuals at the top of the hierarchy; 5) it offers an explanation for the existence of an unique president in an organization; and 6) it explains how the number of layers and of managers may vary over time as the company grows and/or the players' ability changes. Dans cet article je m'interesse a la raison pour laquelle les organisations publiques comme privees ont recours a une hierarchie informationnelle. Je propose un modele theorique qui explique l'existence des hierarchies comme etant un outil necessaire pour aider les agents a recolter le plus d'information possible etant donne leurs capacites limitees. Ainsi, a cause de cette limite intellectuelle et/ou computationnelle des agents economiques au sein des organisations, le contrat complet est trop complexe pour etre mis en oeuvre dans les organisations a moins d'utiliser une structure pyramidale pour gerer l'information. En fait, les hierarchies permettent de recolter plus d'informations a moindre cout. Les contributions de l'article sont les suivantes: 1) il suggere une raison a l'existence des hierarchies; 2) il developpe une mesure de la quantite d'information qui doit etre geree au sein d'une organisation; 3) il mesure de maniere endogene le nombre optimal de niveaux au sein de la hierarchie organisationnelle etant donne les capacites limitees des agents; 4) il rationalise le fait d'avoir les individus les plus talentueux au haut de la pyramide; 5) il donne une explication au fait d'avoir un seul president dans l'organisation; et 6) il explique comment le nombre de niveaux et le nombre de gestionnaires varient lorsque l'entreprise grandit ou lorsque les tâches des agents changent.
CCN activity and volatility of β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol

Abstract. In a series of smog chamber experiments, the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene was characterized by determining the CCN derived hygroscopicity parameter, κ CCN , from experimental data. Two types of CCN counters, operating at different temperatures, were used. The effect of semi-volatile organic compounds on the CCN activity of SOA was studied using a thermodenuder. Overall, SOA was only slightly CCN active (with κ CCN in the range 0.001–0.16), and in dark experiments with no OH scavenger present, κ CCN decreased when particles were sent through the thermodenuder (with a temperature up to 50 °C). SOA was generated under different experimental conditions: In some experiments, an OH scavenger (2-butanol) was added. SOA from these experiments was less CCN active than SOA produced in experiments without an OH scavenger (i.e. where OH was produced during ozonolysis). In other experiments, lights were turned on, either without or with the addition of HONO (OH source). This led to the formation of more CCN active SOA. SOA was aged up to 30 h through exposure to ozone and (in experiments with no OH scavenger present) to OH. In all experiments, the derived κ CCN consistently increased with time after initial injection of β-caryophyllene, showing that chemical ageing increases the CCN activity of β-caryophyllene SOA. κ CCN was also observed to depend on supersaturation, which was explained either as an evaporation artifact from semi-volatile SOA (only observed in experiments lacking light exposure) or, alternatively, by effects related to chemical composition depending on dry particle size. Using the method of Threshold Droplet Growth Analysis it was also concluded that the activation kinetics of the SOA do not differ significantly from calibration ammonium sulphate aerosol for particles aged for several hours.
ON THE MINIMUM DISTANCE DETERMINED BY n（≤7）POINTS IN AN ISOSCELE RIGHT TRIANGLE

ＯＮＴＨＥＭＩＮＩＭＵＭＤＩＳＴＡＮＣＥＤＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＥＤＢＹｎ（≤７）ＰＯＩＮＴＳＩＮＡＮＩＳＯＳＣＥＬＥＲＩＧＨＴＴＲＩＡＮＧＬＥＸＵＹＩＮＦＥＮＧ（ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ，Ｘｉ＇ａｎＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｘｉ＇ａ.
Combinatorial Identities Associated with Bernstein Type Basis Functions

In this paper, we give some identities and relations for the Bernstein basis functions and the beta type polynomials. Integrating these identities, we derive many identities and formulas, some old and some new, for combinatorial sums involving binomial coefficients and the Catalan numbers. We also give remarks and comments on these identities.
Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) Habitat Associations: Implications for Conservation and Management

Lingcod (Ophiodon elongates) habitat associations: implications for conservation and management by Megan Bassett Master of Science in Applied Marine and Watershed Science California State University Monterey Bay, 2015 Understanding the spatial distribution of marine species and the temporal and spatial scales of the processes that drive those distributions continues to be limited, but is increasingly more critical with the implementation of marine spatial planning. Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) are a common demersal fish found from southern Alaska to Baja California, and are exploited both commercially and recreationally across the entirety of their range. Due to stock declines, Lingcod are managed using a variety of fisheries management tools, including spatial management. This study represents a unique in situ investigation of demersal habitat utilization by Lingcod at the southern portion of their range (Point Arena to Morro Bay, California). We used ROV and towed camera sled derived underwater video imagery, coupled with high-resolution bathymetry data, and Generalized Linear Models to investigate: a) how Lingcod are distributed relative to seafloor habitats along California’s central coast, b) the extent to which any ontogenetic patterns varied significantly across those habitats, and c) how associations based on visual observations compare to those from landscape modeling analysis. We then extrapolated habitat associations, found in the landscape modeling analysis, beyond the sampled areas to broader areas of the coast by creating habitat suitability maps. The results of this study clearly depicted an ontogenetic shift in Lingcod habitat utilization across the southern end of its range. Lingcod shifted from primarily low relief, soft sediments as young to mixed substrates at intermediate ages and ultimately to primarily harder substrates as adults. However more nuanced associations were also discovered, such as year 2 Lingcod associating with wave relief in soft sediments. These results are important in the context of on-going marine spatial planning wherein further information on the habitat associations of targeted species can allow for more refined management.
Improved Fabrication of Plasmonic Structures

Author(s): Sharac, Nicholas | Advisor(s): Ragan, Regina | Abstract: Periodic metal nanostructure arrays possess electromagnetic properties useful for metamaterials, light trapping, and molecular sensing, such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The localized plasmon resonance frequency of these arrays depends on the material, periodicity, size, and spacing of nanoparticles. While bottom down fabrication techniques are often inexpensive and more realistic on a manufacturing scale than top down fabrication alternatives, tuning nanostructure parameters to modify optical properties is currently limited. In my work, I have demonstrated the potential for scaling down and tuning nanostructures fabricated by bottom up techniques, by using a thermally responsive polyolefin (PO) film in conjunction with nanosphere lithography (NSL). By heating the patterned substrate in a convection oven, I have successfully fabricated both nanopillar arrays with tunable dimensions, which can be used in antireflective applications, and tunable gold nanotriangle arrays, which have previously been shown to generate SERS enhancements due to the hot spots between two tips. Reductions in area as great as 95% have been achieved. Reflectance spectroscopy shows the tunabilty of the triangle array to tune the plasmon resonance. These findings are confirmed by subsequent SERS experiments. I also present here work on localized surface phonon polariton modes (SPhP), which are potential low loss alternative to plasmonics. 6H-silicon carbide nanopillar arrays are fabricated to generate localized SPhP modes, which are measured using FTIR reflectance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The measured SPhP modes are found to have exceptionally narrow line widths, giving high Q factors and low losses, and in many cases are Raman active.
Manganese spread in Ursa Minor as a proof of sub-classes of type Ia supernovae

Context. Recently, new sub-classes of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) were discovered, including SNe Iax. The suggested progenitors of SNe Iax are relatively massive, possibly hybrid C+O+Ne white dwarfs, which can cause white dwarf winds at low metallicities. There is another class that can potentially occur at low or zero metallicities; sub-Chandrasekhar mass explosions in single and/or double degenerate systems of standard C+O white dwarfs. These explosions have different nucleosynthesis yields compared to the normal, Chandrasekhar mass explosions. Aims. We test these SN Ia channels using their characteristic chemical signatures. Methods. The two sub-classes of SNe Ia are expected to be rarer than normal SNe Ia and do not affect the chemical evolution in the solar neighbourhood; however, because of the shorter delay time and/or weaker metallicity dependence, they could influence the evolution of metalpoor systems. Therefore, we have included both in our stochastic chemical evolution model for the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Ursa Minor. Results. The model predicts a butterfly-shape spread in [Mn/Fe] in the interstellar medium at low metallicity and - at the same time - a decrease of [alpha/Fe] ratios at lower [Fe/H] than in the solar neighbourhood, both of which are consistent with the observed abundances in stars of Ursa Minor. Conclusions. The surprising agreement between our models and available observations provides a strong indication of the origins of these new sub-classes of SNe Ia. This outcome requires confirmation by future abundance measurements of manganese in stars of other satellite galaxies of ourMilkyWay. It will be vital for this project to measure not the most extreme metal-poor tail, as more commonly happens, but the opposite; the metal-rich end of dwarf spheroidals.
UNDERSTANDING DIVERSITY IN LEAF SHAPE OF CHINESE SAGITTARIA (ALISMATACEAE) BY GEOMETRIC TOOLS

Plants of Sagittaria generally possess different leaf shapes, but these shapes were rarely quantified. In this study, all species of Chinese Sagittaria were collected, and their leaf shapes were analyzed using two geometric tools: Topological description and geometric morphometric analysis. The leaf shapes of Chinese Sagittaria can be divided into three major groups according to topological types of the venation architecture, and the variation of leaf shape is closely related to the development degree of Sagittaria plants. Even if corresponding to the same venation pattern, many leaf shapes have evident differences which could be revealed by geometric morphometric analysis, and these differences show species specificity to a great extent. Making use of these results, some misunderstandings in the taxonomy of Sagittaria also be cleared up.
A study of Chinese consumer preferences for sustainably farmed seafood

Sustainable seafood programs have developed and evolved for approximately two decades as a market-based mechanism to complement the traditional “command and control” fishery management scheme. In some cases, they have successfully incentivized fishmen/fish farmers around the world to implement more environmentally sustainable production practices. It is not a perfect system capable of solving every fishery management issue immediately, but it is unequivocally one of the most promising mechanisms to slow down the degradation of wild fishery stocks or reduce environmental impacts from aquaculture, while improving the resilience of coastal fishery communities. As wild fishery stocks continue to decline, aquaculture production is becoming the main global seafood source. There is also increased awareness and importance of environmental impacts and consumer preferences of farmed seafood. China is the largest producer and consumer of farmed seafood; thus, aquaculture sustainability is an important concern of both the Chinese government and its seafood industry. The promotion of sustainably farmed seafood, however, has not recently been successful in China. Some reasons could be the ineffectiveness of marketing strategies and lack of consumer awareness. This dissertation makes use of the welldeveloped Chinese online retail market and an experimental auction to conduct three studies evaluating the impact of the country of origin, eco-labels, and certification standards information on consumer preferences for farmed seafood. By incorporating consumers’ subjective perceptions of quality, food safety, and eco-friendliness, we were able to allocate consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for a product into basic product attributes. Combining three studies draws the following conclusions. Among farmed seafood products, imported seafood is the Chinese consumers’ first choice when there is no safety information. With guaranteed food safety, a higher price premium is generated for domestic farmed seafood, but not for imported. An eco-label does not generate a price premium in the current market, but consumers are willing to pay for it as long as they are informed of the public benefits of sustainable certification. Private and public benefit information, together, can significantly increase consumer WTP for sustainably farmed seafood, especially regarding safety and eco-friendliness. In sum, this thesis confirms the significant potential of the sustainably farmed seafood market in China and suggests seafood producers and retailers participate in sustainable seafood programs.
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation on the C economy, growth and nutrition of young grapevines

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) C-costs in grapevines were investigated. Dormant vines rely on stored C for initial growth. Therefore AM colonisation costs would compete with plant growth for available C reserves. One-year old grapevines, colonised with Glomus etunicatum (Becker and Gerdemann), were cultivated under glasshouse conditions. The C-economy and P utilisation of the symbiosis were sequentially analysed. AM colonisation, during the 0-67 day growth period used more stem C relative to root C, which resulted in lower shoot growth. The decline in AM colonisation during the period of 67-119 days coincided with stem C replenishment and higher shoot growth.
Fast Cryptographic Constants Identification in Retargetable Machine-code Decompilation

Retargetable machine-code decompilation transforms a platform-independent executable into a high level language (HLL). Decompilers may be used by reverse engineers to manually inspect suspicious binaries (e.g. malicious software). However, modern malware is often very complex and its decompilation produces huge and enigmatic outputs. Therefore, reverse engineers are trying to use every bit of available information to aid their analysis. This paper presents a fast cryptographic constants searching algorithm. Based on a signature database, it recognises usage of constants typical for many well-known (cryptographic, compression, etc.) algorithms. Moreover, the results are used by AVG Retargetable Decompiler to make its output more readable. The presented algorithm is faster than any state-of-the-art solution and it is fully exploited in the decompilation process.
Optimizing Client Latency in a Distributed System by Using the â€œRemote FaÃ§adeâ€ Design Pattern

In this paper we investigate the role of the Remote FaA§ade pattern in the optimization of dis-tributed systems. The intent of this pattern is to wrap fine-grained remote objects in a coarse-grained interface and thus greatly reduce the total number of calls executed over the network. The measurement of the performance gain achieved by implementing this pattern is done through testing with a distributed application written in C# and using the latest Microsoft framework for distributed systems (Windows Communication Framework). Furthermore, we will be presenting the scenarios in which the implementation of the Remote FaA§ade pattern brings a significant performance gain. Finally we show further scenarios in which the per-formance brought by this pattern can be investigated.
A Review of Methods for Quantifying the Trade Effects of Standards in the Agri-Food Sector

This paper evaluates the different approaches to quantifying the trade impact of standards in the agri-food sector. The approaches discussed fall into two broad categories: ex post empirical estimation and ex ante simulation. Recent developments on the impact of standards on market segmentation are also examined. Since both the level and design of a standard are important determinants of its impact, the most suitable choice of quantification strategy will depends on the characteristics of the standard itself. For example, ex ante simulation techniques are more appropriate when measuring the impact of complex standards regimes. On the other hand, ex post empirical estimation is preferable when the level of the standard is more important than its design.
Eating related problems amongst Iberian female college students

The current survey descriptive study evaluates the prevalence of eating related problems amongst a sample of first-year female college students attending an university campus in one of two areas of the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. A total of 1079 students participated in the current study, 486 from a large university campus of the North of Portugal (Minho), and 595 from two large university campuses of the Northwest of Spain (Galicia). Participants responded to the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and to a questionnaire designed at assessing eating related habits and problems. Results showed that a significant number of students scored high on the EDI and showed considerable prevalence of eating related problems. Based on this self reported data, it is estimated that the prevalence of eating disorders on these peripheral areas of both countries is not significantly different than what is common in other European areas or countries.
Returns to Education Quality for Low-Skilled Students: Evidence from a Discontinuity

This paper studies the labor market returns to higher-education quality for low-skilled students. Using a regression discontinuity design, we compare students who marginally pass and marginally fail the French high school exit exam on the first attempt. Threshold crossing leads to an improvement in quality but has no effect on quantity of higher education pursued. Specifically, students who marginally pass are more likely to enroll in STEM majors and postsecondary institutions with better peers. Marginally passing also increases earnings by 12.5% at the ages of 27–29.
Cretaceous - Paleogene boundary Fish Clay at Højerup (Stevns Klint, Denmark): trace metals in kerogen

Geochemical analyses of trace metals (Ir, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Au and Pb) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu) in kerogen of the black marl at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary Fish Clay at Hojerup have been undertaken. Substantial proportions of the trace metals and rare earths were probably contained in terrestrial humic substances (the kerogen precursor) arriving at the marine sedimentary site. This is in accord with a previous hypothesis that kerogen is mainly derived from humic acids of an oxic soil in of the adjacent coastal areas of eastern Denmark. It is also suggested that humics were transported mainly through fluvial transport into the site of the deposition of the Fish Clay. The local weathering/leaching of the impact-ejecta fallout on the land surface or local terrestrial rocks by impact-induced? acid surface waters perhaps played an important role in providing trace metals and rare earths for these humic substances. Apparently, chondritic Ir, Au, Ni, Co, Cr and chondritic and non-chondritic Zn originated from the impact fallout; Pb and rare earth elements were most likely sourced by the rocks exposed in the coastal areas of eastern Denmark.
An Examination of Important Competencies Necessary for Vocational Agriculture in Selected Senior Secondary Students in Ijebu North Local Government Area, Nigeria

The study analyses the relationship existing between some specified competencies important to vocational agriculture and preparation for occupation between male and female students in senior secondary schools in Ijebu-North Local Government Area, Nigeria. It adopted the classical design for change experiment (i.e. before and after measures) with eighty-eight subjects (60 males and 28 females) from two schools purposively selected while the classes remained intact. Three objectives and one null hypothesis were formulated to conceptualize the study. The instruments used for the study were two, namely: Agricultural Skill Performance Test (ASPT) and Observer’s Rating Scale (ORS); and the data obtained were analyzed using frequency, percentages, graphs and point-biserial correlation co-efficient. The results revealed that 47.73% of the subjects received occupational work experience in schools whereas 52.27% did not; and out of the proportion of (52.27%) representing 46 subjects, 60.87% received outside the school but 39.13% had no opportunity at all. It also showed that a moderately low positive correlation existed between specified competencies important to vocational agriculture and preparation for occupation with a r pb value of 0.34. The study advocated amidst others, for a general change of attitude among stakeholders towards agricultural science being perceived as mere academic rather than being both vocational and academic.