Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employer occupation of regulatory space of the Employee Information and Consultation (I&C) Directive in liberal market economies

This article shows how both employers and the state have influenced macro-level processes and structures concerning the content and transposition of the European Union (EU) Employee Information and Consultation (I&C) Directive. It argues that the processes of regulation occupied by employers reinforce a voluntarism which marginalizes rather than shares decision-making power with workers. The contribution advances the conceptual lens of ‘regulatory space’ by building on Lukes’ multiple faces of power to better understand how employment regulation is determined across transnational, national and enterprise levels. The research proposes an integrated analytical framework on which ‘occupancy’ of regulatory space can be evaluated in comparative national contexts.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of traditional gravel ballasted roof and extensive green roof

Lebanon, a Mediterranean country, lacks a clear sustainability plan as well as an infrastructure update and management, leading to road flooding in urban areas. Therefore, the installation of vegetative roofs could be an interesting option. These embellish the unused roof surface available in most urban areas, protect the roof assembly from solar radiation, and reduce the building energy consumption through direct shading of the roof and the evapotranspiration process. In addition, vegetative roofs can capture a fraction of the rain water through the growing medium while the vegetation removes airborne pollutants.
Optimizing The Gate Level Area In Digit Serial FIR Filter Design With An MCM Blocks

The last two decades have seen many efficient algorithms and architectures for the design of low -complexity bit-parallel Multiple Constant Multiplications (MCM) operation, which dominates the complexity of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) systems. On the other hand, digit-serial architectures offer alternative low -complexity designs, since digit-serial operators occupy less area and are independent of the data wordlength. This paper introduces the problem of designing a digit-serial MCM operation with minimal area at gate-level and presents the exact formalization of the area optimization problem as a 0-1 Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem and introduces high level synthesis algorithms, design architectures, and a computer aided design tool. Results and Discussion show the efficiency of the proposed optimization algorithms and of the digit-serial MCM architectures in the design of digit serial MCM operations and finite impulse response filters. Keywords— 0-1 Integer linear programming (ILP), digit-serial arithmetic, finite impulse response (FIR) filters, gate level area optimization, multiple constant multiplications.
Level Shifting Switched Capacitor Voltage Copier Circuits with Feedback Control

Nowadays developments are occurring in the field of sustainable energy sources.Sustainable energy sources like photovoltaic systems and fuel systems require different levels of power supplies.Traditionally transformer or inductor based multiport dc-dc converters were used.But these converters have high electromagnetic interference and are larger in size.In this paper, a level shiftingswitched capacitor voltage copier circuits with feedback is introduced with less number of components. There are five circuits namely summation, subtraction, double, half and inverting circuitsSimulation has been carried out to study the performance of the proposed topology in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Simulation results analysed and results presented for circuit.
Two-Level Multi-Fidelity Design Optimization Studies for Supersonic Jets

The conceptual/preliminary design of superonic jet configurations requires multi-disciplinary analyses (MDAs) tools which are able to provide a level of flexibility that permits the exploration of large areas of the design space. High-fidelity analysis for each discipline is desired for credible results, however, corresponding computational cost can be prohibitively expensive often limiting the the ability to make drastic modifications to the aircraft configuration in question. Our work has progressed in this area, and we have introduced a truly hybrid, multi-fidelity approach in MDAs and demonstrated, in previous work, its application to the design optimization of low-boom supersonic business jet. In this paper we extend our multi-fidelity approach to the design procedure and present two-level design of a supersonic business jet configuration where we combine a conceptual low-fidelity optimization tool with a hierarchy of flow solvers of increasing fidelity and advanced adjoint-based Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) optimization approaches. In this work, we focus on the aerodynamic performance aspects alone: no attempt is made to reduce the acoustic signature. The results show that this particular combination of modeling and design techniques is quite effective for our design problem and the ones in general, and that highfidelity aerodynamic shape optimization techniques for complex configurations (such as the adjoint method) can be effectively used within the context of a truly multi-disciplinary design environment. Detailed configuration results of our optimizations are also presented.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Dormancy, Persistence and Survival in the Light of Protein Synthesis

The chapter introduces and discusses the metabolic robustness and survival strategies of mycobacteria with focus on glyoxylate shunt and protein synthesis. Primarily, it is an attempt to understand the significance of glyoxylate pathway, which provides an adaptive advantage in metabolically starved situation. The other issue addressed here are the key players behind resistance mechanism in all thriving forms of the bacteria. The protein synthesis process, its challenges and advantages that can effectively be harnessed have been discussed in details. It also gives a comprehensive account of the strength, weaknesses opportunities and threats in targeting mycobacterium both in active and dormant state. Last but not the least we also highlight further perspectives to control the pathogenesis by the bacteria.
Multiply scattered waves through a spatially random medium : entropy production and depolarization

This paper deals with the depolarization and decoherence effects of an incident pure state of polarization and of arbitrary state of coherence by a linear scattering medium which changes randomly with position. Using symmetry arguments and a maximum entropy principle we deduce the general form of the Mueller matrix describing the scattering medium which is consistent with the explicit computation done in the context of the Bethe-Salpeter equation handled in the diffusion approximation. The main result expresses the output degree of polarization and degree of spatial coherence as a function of the number of scattering events. From these results, two main conclusions can be drawn. The first is that the entropy production per scatteRng due to the irreversible process of depolarization is an exponentially decreasing function of the number of scattering events. The second result obtained is that full depolarization of linearly polarized light by Rayleigh scatterers requires more scattering events (typically a factor-of-2) than are required for a circularly polarized lightwave.
An Approach to Developmental Cognition in Organizations

As an enthusing concept to re-define the organizational cosmos in a novel form, this study approve the cognition of individuals as a starting point. Despite the abundant study of organizational cognition concept, there remains an uncharted area which depicts; how perceptions of different cognitive capacities might hierarchise the organizational cosmos. Upon this, we used ‘Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory’ as a metaphor and found 3 hierarchic cognitive level which characterize on different justification modes. Also an additional theoric level identified for possible phenomenons. We show that the consideration styles of organization members evolve while their cognitive capacities and related environmental perceptions broaden and that these shifts are consistently patterned. An objective scale was developed using an ontological approach to confirm the oral interviews. Eventually, we obtained two different scales for industrial use.
Sexual cannibalism in the spider Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling 1865) (Araneae: Araneidae)

Abstract Postmating cannibalism where a female attacks, kills and consumes a male after a sexual encounter is frequently influenced by certain male morphological and behavioral characteristics. We conducted behavioral assays in the laboratory to test the predictions that male Alpaida veniliae (Keyserling 1865) with larger absolute and relative size in relation to their mate and those having longer courtship and copulation duration would have lower probability of being cannibalized by females after a sexual encounter. We performed a set of mating trials exposing males of different sizes to virgin females. We observed copulation in 88.8% of mating trails; its duration was very brief compared to courtship. Only a few attempts (16.7%) of recopulations with the same female were recorded, and in all these cases the first copulation was significantly shorter than the mean copulation duration of those who had only one copulation. The percentage of postcopulatory cannibalism was 47.6%. There was no correlation between the relative and absolute male size and duration of courtship and copulation. Postcopulatory cannibalism was independent of courtship and mating durations but was affected by absolute and relative male size. Smaller males were more frequently cannibalized than large ones. However, it remains unclear whether sexual cannibalism in A. veniliae may be explained by female mate choice or whether smaller males are less able to escape or defend themselves. More studies are needed to understand the underlying factors of postcopulatory cannibalism of A. veniliae, as well as to elucidate their possible ecological and evolutionary implications.
Leveraging Data Invariants in Model Inference for Test Case Generation

Testing is an effective mean to find bugs in systems, but manually writing test cases is often tedious. Automated test generation techniques allow developers and maintainers to check many properties of their systems at reasonable cost. One important goal in test generation is to induce new system under test (SUT) behaviors. However, such new behaviors in SUT can also be derived with model inference techniques. The goal of model inference is to infer description of systems. Synoptic is a model inference tool that is especially suitable to test generation because it is generative and scalable. Synoptic infers concise and accurate models of systems from logs. Synoptic models have been used for comprehension. The fundamental challenge of using Synoptic models for test generation is that they are too abstract. I propose to reduce the gap between abstract models and system implementations by integrating data properties into Synoptic models. In this work, I present Radish, an approach that combines data invariants mined with Daikon with Synoptic models. Radish uses data invariant satisfiability as a heuristic for eliminating invalid behaviors of systems from models, for improving accuracy. Radish is a promising technique that enables Synoptic for test generation that we hope to evaluate in future work.
Host Variability of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J.Sm. in Malnad Region, Karnataka, India

Epiphytic ferns were of interest for pteridologist in their diverse idioadaptations to withstand unfavorable conditions such as drought and substrate deficiency. Among many species, Drynaria quercifolia is one of the important fern the most serious threat for their life due to deforestation. In this aspect, tentative assessment of host variability and their composition were carried out in study area. The present study indicated that 11 species were reported as host species of D. quercifolia. Among these species Mangifera indica showed higher density of D. quercifolia compare to other 10 tree species. The D. quercifolia investigated here exhibit variation in their host with different tree species in Malnad region. Present data helpful in further research on D. quercifolia and future conservation steps.
Growth, Feed Utilization, Apparent Digestibility and Fatty Acid Composition of Beluga ( Huso huso ) Juveniles to Different Inclusion Levels of Whole Seed Meal of Faba Bean ( Vicia faba )

This study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of whole faba bean (Vicia faba) meal (WFBM) on growth, feed utilization, apparent digestibility, and flesh fatty acid composition of juvenile beluga (Huso huso) (n = 144; initial weight = 82 g) at six levels 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%) in a completely randomized design (each with three replicates) in 18 tanks (250 L) for 56 days. Growth performance, final weight, weight gain, average daily growth rate, and feed efficiency of fish fed diets containing 0, 5, and 10% WFBM were higher (P≤0.05) compared to other groups; and the poorest values (P≤0.05) were attained in the fish fed with 25% WFBM. Feed conversion ratio values showed rising trend with significant differences (P≤0.05) by increasing WFBM levels in diets containing 20 and 25% WFBM (0.79-0.82). Apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, and lipid contents relatively decreased (P≤0.05) with increasing levels of WFBM from 10 to 25%. Flesh fatty acid composition showed elevated total n-6 fatty acids (P≤0.05) whereas the content of total n-3 decreased (P≤0.05) with increasing of the incorporated WFBM level. The ratio of n-3/n-6 significantly declined (P≤0.05) with raising the incorporated WFBM level. A decreasing trend in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids contents and a relatively increasing trend in oleic and linoleic acids contents were obtained in treatments with high dietary WFBM levels (P≤0.05). According to the results, WFBM can be included only up to 10% of juvenile beluga diet without any adverse effects on growth, digestibility, and flesh fatty acid composition.
The distinguishing index of the Cartesian product of countable graphs

The distinguishing index D ′ ( G ) of a graph G is the least cardinal d such that G has an edge colouring with d colours that is preserved only by the trivial automorphism. We derive some bounds for this parameter for infinite graphs. In particular, we investigate the distinguishing index of the Cartesian product of countable graphs. Finally, we prove that D ʹ( K 2 ℵ 0 ) = 2 , where K 2 ℵ 0 is the infinite dimensional hypercube.
A 5‐GHz injection‐locked phase‐locked loop

In this paper, we introduce a 5‐GHz injection‐locked phase‐locked loop (ILPLL). A new method is presented for accurate analysis of the phase‐noise performance of the proposed system. Furthermore, comparison with other phase‐noise‐estimation techniques demonstrates that our method provides an accurate characterization of any ILPLL topology. The theoretical and calculation results show an improved performance for phase noise, locking range, and power consumption compared to conventional phase‐locked loops (PLLs) and injection‐locked oscillators (ILOs). Furthermore, we demonstrate the pulling behavior of the injected oscillator and examine the obtained results. To verify the presented analysis, a 5‐GHz prototype has been implemented, which achieves −119‐dBc/Hz at 100‐KHz frequency offset, producing +4.5 dBm of output power and consuming 9 mA at 3 V. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 80–84, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20907
Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of C-Lignin

Lignin composed solely of caffeyl alcohol units, or C-lignin, was recently discovered in the seed coats of a number of vanilla orchid and cactus species. The caffeyl alcohol monomer polymerizes into a highly uniform benzodioxane backbone, making C-lignin a promising substrate for lignin valorization, where heterogeneity is a key challenge. In this study, we used reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) on vanilla seeds to investigate the depolymerization of naturally grown C-lignin. To overcome challenges associated with the high extractive content and poor sugar retention in vanilla seeds, the ratio of monomer yield to total lignin yield was used to isolate the depolymerization efficiency of C-lignin from the extraction efficiency of lignin from seeds. This approach allowed us to compare extents of depolymerization across lignin types and biomass feedstocks. C-Lignin RCF generated extents of depolymerization akin to those of hardwoods, despite observing incomplete benzodioxane cleavage due to catalyst dea.
Model reduction of controlled Fokker–Planck and Liouville–von Neumann equations

Model reduction methods for bilinear control systems are compared by means of practical examples of Liouville-von Neumann and Fokker--Planck type. Methods based on balancing generalized system Gramians and on minimizing an H2-type cost functional are considered. The focus is on the numerical implementation and a thorough comparison of the methods. Structure and stability preservation are investigated, and the competitiveness of the approaches is shown for practically relevant, large-scale examples.
COGNITIVE PERCEPTIONS AND CPAP USE 1 Do Cognitive Perceptions Influence CPAP Use ?

Acknowledgements: Research support by VA Stars & Stripes Healthcare Network Competitive Pilot Project Fund (Sawyer) and NIH K99NR011173 (Sawyer). The authors would like to acknowledge the VISN 4 Eastern Regional Sleep Center staff and polysomnography technologists at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center for their diligence in caring for our research patients. We also would like to acknowledge the support of the Nursing/Patient Care Services Department at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center. The study was conducted at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The University of Pennsylvania IRB and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center IRB approved the study. Drs. Sawyer, Kuna, and Moriarty and Ms Canamucio disclose the absence of financial conflicts of interest. Dr. Weaver has received research support from Philips Respironics Sleep, Respironics Foundation, and Cephalon; consults for Apnex Medical, Inc. and Cephalon, Inc.; receives royalties from Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceutical, Merck& Co., Inc., Sleep Solutions, N.V. Organon, Apnex Medical, Inc, Ventus Medical, GlaxoSmithKline, Philips Respironics, Cephalon, Inc.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEM USING MPPT ALGORITHM

This paper describes a method of modelling and simulation photovoltaic (PV) module with power converter to connect the grid system that implemented in Simulink/Matlab. In order to we define a circuit-based simulation model for a PV cell to allow the interaction with a power converter. In this project the PV array is modelled and its voltage-current characteristics and power-voltage characteristics are simulated and optimized. However the characteristics of PV cells that are affected by varying irradiation and temperature. In order to continuously harvest maximum power from the solar panels, they have to operate at their MPP despite the inevitable changes in the environment. Here we are using the MPPT algorithm. The concept of Maximum Power Point Tracking is to be implemented which results in appreciable increase in the efficiency of the Photovoltaic System. MPPT algorithm such as P&O method studied and simulated. The MPPT algorithm connected to the boost converter in this paper boost converter model studied and simulated. The boost converter model is connected to the inverter grid connected is simulated and observed the estimated results. Here we performed the FFT analysis of the different systems and observed the harmonic distraction of the model. Keywords— Boost converter, Grid, maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) method, photovoltaic (PV) system, PWM Inverter, solar cells
Automated Annotation System ( AAS ) Based on Probabilistic Clustering Algorithms

External remarks such as comments, notes, explanations, tags etc. are called annotation. Information can be extracted easily from a document or a portion of a document or a webpage if annotation are added to the artifacts. Metadata is defined as the data related to a webpage and it is in machine readable format which normal humans can’t understand.A common approach to annotation is collaborative annotation. In collaborative annotation user creates tags to annotate a document or webpage. These labels enables to organize and index the document or webpage. Adding keywords to a document or webpage is called Tagging, which requires significant amount of work as the resources varies from webpages, images and videos. This research papers suggests and propose a new system called Automated Annotation System (AAS, which uses K-Means and Distributed Hash Table (DHT) algorithms related to probabilistic clustering to automatically create the attribute or annotation documents or webpages using metadata. This is an efficient approach to instead of processing the metadata manually or analyzing the document text to come up with annotation.
Towards an International Prosodic Alphabet (IPrA)

In this article we present a set of arguments in favor of having access to two levels of prosodic representation, broad phonetic and phonological, and the motivations for developing a set of cross-linguistically transparent and consistent labels (e.g., an International Prosodic Alphabet, IPrA) based on the Autosegmental-Metrical (AM) framework and the ToBI notation. Regarding segmental phonology, as well as lexical suprasegmentals (lexical tone and stress), both the use of two levels of representation and the existence of an international phonetic alphabet have proved to be very useful. The same benefits of adopting these conventions are likely to accrue in the study of intonation.
Effect of cattle urine addition on the surface emissions and subsurface concentrations of greenhouse gases in a UK peat grassland

Grazing systems represent a substantial percentage of the global anthropogenic flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) as a result of nitrogen addition to the soil. The pool of available carbon that is added to the soil from livestock excreta also provides substrate for the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) by soil microorganisms. A study into the production and emission of CO2, CH4 and N2O from cattle urine amended pasture was carried out on the Somerset Levels and Moors, UK over a three-month period. Urine-amended plots (50 g N m−2) were compared to control plots to which only water (12 mg N m−2) was applied. CO2 emission peaked at 5200 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 directly after application. CH4 flux decreased to −2000 g CH4 m−2 d−1 two days after application; however, net CH4 flux was positive from urine treated plots and negative from control plots. N2O emission peaked at 88 mg N2O m−2 d−1 12 days after application. Subsurface CH4 and N2O concentrations were higher in the urine treated plots than the controls. There was no effect of treatment on subsurface CO2 concentrations. Subsurface N2O peaked at 500 ppm 12 days after and 1200 ppm 56 days after application. Subsurface NO3− concentration peaked −1 at approximately 300 mg N kg dry soil 12 days after application. Results indicate that denitrification is the key driver for N2O release in peatlands and that this production is strongly related to rainfall events and water-table movement. N2O production at depth continued long after emissions were detected at the surface. Further understanding of the interaction between subsurface gas concentrations, surface emissions and soil hydrological conditions is required to successfully predict greenhouse gas production