Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PARÁSITOS DE IMPORTANCIA EN SALUD PÚBLICA TRANSPORTADOS POR Musca Doméstica. LIMA-PERÚ.

Objetivo: Determinar el porcentaje de parasitos de importancia en salud publica que son transportados por Musca domestica. Diseno: Estudio transversal, descriptivo no experimental. Lugar: Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Daniel A. Carrion”, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participantes: 1867 ejemplares de Musca domestica. Intervenciones: Tecnicas de lavado y machacado de moscas; los sedimentos se analizaron con las coloraciones de Lugol y Kinyoun empleando microscopio optico. Principales medidas de resultado: Analisis en frecuencias absolutas y relativas de parasitos encontrados en las tecnicas de machacado y lavado. Resultados: Se hallaron los siguientes parasitos: Endolimax nana (41.13%), Blastocystis hominis (34.68%), Entamoeba hartmanni (10.86%), Entamoeba coli (4.34%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.34%), Giardia lamblia (2.17%) y Toxocara canis (2,17%). Conclusiones: Los parasitos encontrados en Musca domestica del mercado Caqueta fueron los siguientes: Endolimax nana, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba coli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Giardia lamblia y Toxocara canis, siendo el de mayor frecuencia E. nana en el total de la muestra y a su vez, en el subgrupo de lavado. Se describe el hallazgo de Toxocara canis no reportado en estudios similares.
Risk of Subsequent Bone Cancers Among 69 460 Five-Year Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in Europe

Introduction We investigate the risks of subsequent primary bone cancers after childhood and adolescent cancer in 12 European countries. For the first time, we satisfactorily address the risks beyond 40 years from diagnosis and beyond 40 years of age among all survivors. Methods This largest-ever assembled cohort comprises 69 460 five-year survivors of cancer diagnosed before age 20 years. Standardized incidence ratios, absolute excess risks, and multivariable-adjusted relative risks and relative excess risks were calculated. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Overall, survivors were 21.65 times (95% confidence interval = 18.97 to 24.60 times) more likely to be diagnosed with a subsequent primary bone cancer than expected from the general population. The greatest excess numbers of bone cancers were observed after retinoblastoma, bone sarcoma, and soft tissue sarcoma. The excess number of bone cancers declined linearly with both years since diagnosis and attained age (all P < .05). Beyond 40 years from diagnosis and age 40 years, there were at most 0.45 excess bone cancers among all survivors per 10 000 person-years at risk; beyond 30 years from diagnosis and age 30 years, there were at most 5.02 excess bone cancers after each of retinoblastoma, bone sarcoma, and soft tissue sarcoma, per 10 000 person-years at risk. Conclusions For all survivors combined and the cancer groups with the greatest excess number of bone cancers, the excess numbers observed declined with both age and years from diagnosis. These results provide novel, reliable, and unbiased information about risks and risk factors among long-term survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer.
Novel Role of FBXW7 Circular RNA in Repressing Glioma Tumorigenesis

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are RNA transcripts that are widespread in the eukaryotic genome. Recent evidence indicates that circRNAs play important roles in tissue development, gene regulation, and carcinogenesis. However, whether circRNAs encode functional proteins remains elusive, although translation of several circRNAs was recently reported. Methods CircRNA deep sequencing was performed by using 10 pathologically diagnosed glioblastoma samples and their paired adjacent normal brain tissues. Northern blotting, Sanger sequencing, antibody, and liquid chromatograph Tandem Mass Spectrometer were used to confirm the existence of circ-FBXW7 and its encoded protein in in two cell lines. Lentivirus-transfected stable U251 and U373 cells were used to assess the biological functions of the novel protein in vitro and in vivo (five mice per group). Clinical implications of circ-FBXW7 were assessed in 38 pathologically diagnosed glioblastoma samples and their paired periphery normal brain tissues by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (two-sided log-rank test). Results Circ-FBXW7 is abundantly expressed in the normal human brain (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads [RPKM] = 9.31). The spanning junction open reading frame in circ-FBXW7 driven by internal ribosome entry site encodes a novel 21-kDa protein, which we termed FBXW7-185aa. Upregulation of FBXW7-185aa in cancer cells inhibited proliferation and cell cycle acceleration, while knockdown of FBXW7-185aa promoted malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. FBXW7-185aa reduced the half-life of c-Myc by antagonizing USP28-induced c-Myc stabilization. Moreover, circ-FBXW7 and FBXW7-185aa levels were reduced in glioblastoma clinical samples compared with their paired tumor-adjacent tissues (P < .001). Circ-FBXW7 expression positively associated with glioblastoma patient overall survival (P = .03). Conclusions Endogenous circRNA encodes a functional protein in human cells, and circ-FBXW7 and FBXW7-185aa have potential prognostic implications in brain cancer.
Selective internal radiation therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Liver metastases are often the dominant site of metastatic disease in colorectal cancer. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) involves embolising radiolabeled spheres (SIR-Spheres) into the arterial supply of the liver with the aim of improving the control of liver metastases. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and toxicity of SIRT in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer liver metastasis when given alone or with systemic or regional hepatic artery chemotherapy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane library 2008 issue 2, MEDLINE (1966 to October 2008), EMBASE (1980 to October 2008), and Pubmed (October 2008). The proceedings of ASCO (1985 to 2008) and ASCO GI (2004 to 2008) were also searched. The manufacturers of SIR-Spheres were contacted and asked whether they were aware of any other unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing SIRT and chemotherapy (systemic and/or regional) with chemotherapy alone, or comparing SIRT alone with best supportive care in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors (AT/TP) extracted data and assessed the trial quality. The study authors were contacted and individual patient data was obtained. Results were analysed separately for patients with and without extra-hepatic disease. MAIN RESULTS A single study of 21 patients compared SIRT and systemic chemotherapy (fluorouracil and leucovorin) with chemotherapy alone. There was a significant improvement in progression free survival and median survival associated with SIRT, both for the total studied population and for those disease limited to the liver. There was an increase in toxicity with the use of SIRT. A second study of 63 eligible patients compared SIRT and regional chemotherapy (floxuridine) with regional chemotherapy alone. There was no significant difference in progression free survival and median survival seen with SIRT, in either the total patient group or in the 22 patients with disease limited to the liver. There was no significant increase in toxicity with the addition of SIRT to regional chemotherapy. There were no randomised studies comparing SIRT with best supportive care in patients with refractory disease, and no randomised studies assessing the effect of SIRT in patients with resectable liver metastases. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a need for well designed, adequately powered phase III trials assessing the effect of SIRT when used with modern combination chemotherapy regimens. Further studies are also needed for patients with refractory disease with a particular focus on the impact on quality of life.
AN ASEPTIC SURGICAL ACCESS TO THE PITUITARY BODY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD

I desire to ask your indulgence for departing from the more customary annual review of current surgical progress and to invite your attention to a subject of so narrow a scope as the caption of this paper sets forth. Long considered safe from invasion by the most daring surgeon, both because of its almost inaccessible position and because of its intimate relation to life, the question of its feasibility to surgical attack has been answered in the affirmative. The question has now changed to, "When, and how shall one operate? " Embraced within the brief period of twenty years, beginning with Marie's demonstration of the definite relationship of pituitary disease to acromegaly (1889) and ending with the memorable paper of Harvey Cushing read before this Section three years ago, all the knowledge of this subject has been accumulated. Were new arguments in proof of the value of scientific animal experimental research
Steroid Hormone Receptor Profile of Normal, Benign, and Malignant Female Breast Epithelium: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 325 Biopsies

Abstract: The steroid hormone receptor (SR) profile was determined for both the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in 55 fibroadenomas, 69 fibrocystic changes, 38 ordinary, and 14 atypical intraductal hyperplasias as well as 149 breast carcinomas obtained from 325 female patients by diagnostic surgical biopsy. Normal breast tissue adjacent to the lesions under study was simultaneously evaluated in 234 cases. SR were proven immunohistochemically in cryostat sections using an immunohistochemical assay with rat monoclonal antibodies against human ER or PR. The findings were scored and summarized into the phenotypes ER+PR+,ER−PR+, ER+PR− and ER−PR−. The ER+PR+ status was most often found in fibroadenomas (67%) and normal breast tissue (64%) as well as in fibrocystic changes (63%) and breast carcinomas (58%). ER−PR− was inversely rare in fibroadenomas (4%), normal breast tissue (15%), fibrocystic changes (23%), and breast carcinomas (29%). The simultaneous SR analysis in breast disease and its surrounding normal tissue showed in fibroadenomas in 90% and in fibrocystic changes in 80%, a ER/PR phenotype expression similar to adjacent normal tissue; whereas in breast carcinomas the SR status corresponded with the preexisting normal tissue only in 36%. The comparative SR analysis of normal and pathological breast tissue showed a gradually inverse biological correlation between the decrease of ER+PR+ and the increase of ER−PR− frequency from benign breast changes to noninvasive and invasive breast carcinomas. In benign breast epithelium, ER−PR+ might be regarded as low‐risk phenotype, whereas ER+PR− could be estimated as high‐risk phenotype in view of a later dedifferentiation and possible malignization. The more frequent discordance of SR expression between breast carcinomas and their adjacent normal breast tissue suggests that the neoplastic growth may become more and more independent from normal endocrine influences.
Early versus late pre-intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults.

BACKGROUND Severe sepsis and septic shock have recently emerged as particularly acute and lethal challenges amongst critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). There are no existing data on the current practices of management of patients with severe sepsis comparing early versus late administration of appropriate broad spectrum antibiotics as part of the early goal-directed therapy that is commenced in the first few hours of presentation. OBJECTIVES To assess the difference in outcomes with early compared to late administration of antibiotics in patients with severe sepsis in the pre-intensive care unit (ICU) admission period. We defined early as within one hour of presentation to the ED. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2009); MEDLINE (1990 to February 2010); EMBASE (1990 to February 2010); and ISI web of Science (February 2010). We also searched for relevant ongoing trials in specific websites such as www.controlled-trials.com; www.clinicalstudyresults. org; and www.update-software.com. We searched the reference lists of articles. There were no constraints based on language or publication status. SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include randomized controlled trials of early versus late broad spectrum antibiotics in adult patients with severe sepsis in the ED, prior to admission to the intensive care unit. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed articles for inclusion. MAIN RESULTS We found no studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on this review we are unable to make a recommendation on the early or late use of broad spectrum antibiotics in adult patients with severe sepsis in the ED pre-ICU admission. There is a need to do large prospective double blinded randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of early (within one hour) versus late broad spectrum antibiotics in adult severe sepsis patients. Since it makes sense to start antibiotics as soon as possible in this group of seriously ill patients, administering such antibiotics earlier as opposed to later is based on anecdotal suboptimal evidence.
Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function

1. INTRODUCTION Terminology Terms used in describing movement Nervous system Components of the musculoskeletal system Skin and its appendages Early embryology 2. THE UPPER LIMB Introduction Development of the musculoskeletal system Bones Muscles Joints Nerve supply Blood supply Lymphatics 3. THE LOWER LIMB Introduction Development of the musculoskeletal system Bones Muscles Joints Nerve supply The sacral plexus Blood supply Lymphatics 4. THE TRUNK AND NECK Introduction Bones Muscles Joints Nerve supply The cardiovascular system The respiratory system The digestive system The urogenital system The endocrine system 5. HEAD AND BRAIN Bones Muscles Joints The ear, eye and brain INDEX
Group exercise program using large amplitude movements and functional activity training in older adults with Parkinson's disease.

Supervisory Committee Dr. Sandra R. Hundza, Supervisor (Department of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education) Dr. Ryan Rhodes, Co-Supervisor or Departmental Member (Department of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education) The purpose of this study was to determine if a ten week, twice weekly group exercise program using large amplitude movement and functional mobility training was effective at improving mobility and quality of life in old, older adults (i.e. average age 80 years) with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This exercise program builds on existing large amplitude movement training programs, but differs in that it is delivered in a group format, in an older cohort and incorporates functional training related to the tasks of daily living. To determine the long term training effects of the program, a follow up assessment was conducted at four months post intervention. Sixteen participants with PD with an average age of 80 years (range 69-91years) were recruited through a hospital-based Seniors Outpatient Clinic. Participants were assessed before starting (PRE) and upon completion (POST) of the intervention. To decrease the likelihood that the results would be affected by day-to-day fluctuations in mobility that are often seen with PD, 3 measures were gathered at both PRE and POST and then averaged to provide a single PRE and POST score. A single follow-up assessment was conducted four months after completion. Outcome measures included: Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Part III, Timed Up and Go, Berg Balance Scale, Sit-to-stand Test, gait characteristics (GaitRite system), Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire – 39 and Goal Attainment Scale. Results indicate significant improvements from PRE to POST (p≤0.05) in all measures of physical function (effect sizes
Psychosocial interventions for reducing injection and sexual risk behaviour for preventing HIV in drug users.

BACKGROUND Drug users (including both injection drug users and crack cocaine users), are at high levels of risk for contracting HIV. Therefore it is important to reduce the injection and/or sexual risk behaviours of these groups both for the benefit of themselves and for society as a whole. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of multi-session psychosocial interventions in comparison with standard education and minimal intervention controls for the reduction of injection and sexual risk behaviour. SEARCH STRATEGY Electronic searches were conducted of a number of bibliographic databases (including Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO). In addition, other methods of locating papers were employed including contacting various authors working in the field of HIV risk reduction and examining reference lists of applicable papers identified in the electronic search. SELECTION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria consisted of randomised and quazi-randomised trials assessing the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in the reduction of injection and sexual risk behaviour for people who misused opiates, cocaine, or a combination of these drugs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies identified by the search strategy, quality assessed these studies and extracted the data. A total of 35 trials met the eligibility criteria of the review providing data on 11,867 participants. MAIN RESULTS There were minimal differences identified between multi-session psychosocial interventions and standard educational interventions for both injection and sexual risk behaviour. Although it should be noted there were large pre-post changes for both groups suggesting both were effective in reducing risk behaviours. In addition, there was some evidence of benefit for multi-session psychosocial interventions when compared with minimal controls. Subgroup analyses suggest that people in formal treatment are likely to respond to multi-session psychosocial interventions. It also appears single-gender groups may be associated with greater benefit. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is limited support for the widespread use of formal multi-session psychosocial interventions for reducing injection and sexual risk behaviour. Brief standard education interventions appear to be a more cost-effective option. Further research is required to assess if there are particular groups of drug users more likely to respond to such interventions.
Consultation liaison in primary care for people with mental disorders

Approximately 25% of people will be affected by a mental disorder at some stage in their life. Despite the prevalence and negative impacts of mental disorders, many people are not diagnosed or do not receive adequate treatment. Therefore primary healthcare has been identified as essential to improving the delivery of mental healthcare. Consultation liaison is a model of mental healthcare where the primary care provider maintains the central role in the delivery of mental healthcare, with a mental health specialist providing consultative support. Consultation liaison has the potential to enhance the delivery of mental healthcare in the primary care setting and, in turn, improve outcomes for people with a mental disorder.
Distinct Histomorphology in Molecular Subgroups of Glioblastomas in Young Patients

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are malignant brain tumors that can be divided into different molecular subtypes based on genetics, global gene expression, and methylation patterns. Among these subgroups, “IDH” GBMs carry mutations within IDH1 or IDH2. The “K27” and “G34” subgroups are characterized by distinct mutations within Histone 3 (H3). These subtypes can be identified by sequencing methods and are particularly found in younger patients. To determine whether the molecular subtypes correlate with distinct histological features among the diverse histologic patterns of GBM, we performed a blinded assessment of the histology of GBMs of 77 patients ⩽30 years old at the time of biopsy. The tumors were of the following molecular subtypes: IDH (n = 12), H3 K27M (n = 25), H3 G34R (n = 12), or no IDH/H3 mutations (n = 28). Of IDH-mutated cases, 75% had microcystic features or gemistocytic tumor cells. K27 GBMs had higher cell densities and pronounced nuclear pleomorphism, with 28% harboring tumor giant cells. All G34 GBMs had variable extents of a poorly differentiated/primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like morphology. GBMs without IDH/H3 mutations had foci of epitheliod-appearing cells. Thus, molecular GBM subgroups are associated with distinct histological patterns, suggesting that morphological features reflect the specific underlying molecular genetic abnormalities.
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS IN OSLO 1972–1978

Abstract. Ørstavik, I. , Carlsen, K. ‐H. and Halvorsen, K. (Microbiological Laboratory, Ullevaal Hospital, and the Departments of Paediatrics, Ullevaal and Aker Hospital, Oslo, Norway). Respiratory syncytial virus infections in Oslo 1972–1978. I. Virological and epidemiological studies. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:717, 1980. —Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was diagnosed in 464 children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory disease from autumn 1972 to spring 1978. The virological surveillance was approximately 70%. As a rule, RSV infections occurred in distinct outbreaks in late autumn and winter together with a marked increase in the number of children admitted to hospital with acute lower respiratory tract disease. The incidence in children less than 1 year of age was about 10/1000 children/year. Spread of the infection from one end of the city to the other was discernible in 2 outbreaks. More children than expected with siblings were admitted to hospital because of RSV infection, but no correlation could be observed with some other socioeconomic factors. A negative correlation was observed between RSV disease and mean air temperature and hours of sunshine per month. Rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis of RSV on cells from nasopharyngeal secretions was adopted and became comparable to cell culture technique. The rapid method has become an important adjunct to the clinical management of these patients and the method will form the basis for further epidemiological studies.