Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Design Method to Obtain Flexible and Low Complexity Uniform Filter Banks

Coefficient decimation (CD) techniques can be used to obtain variable low pass, high pass and multi-band frequency responses using a single low pass prototype filter. CD techniques have the advantages of low complexity and flexible implementations. In this paper, we present a new design method to obtain uniform filter banks (FBs) using the recently proposed improved coefficient decimation method (ICDM). In the proposed FB design method, algebraic operations such as spectral subtraction, complementary filter operation and frequency response masking are performed on the frequency responses obtained using the ICDM to obtain the desired sub bands in the FB. We show that our FB is a low complexity alternative to the widely used discrete Fourier transform based FB (DFTFB) and the conventional coefficient decimation method based FB (CDFB). The proposed FB has twice the flexibility in terms of the possible number and locations of its sub bands when compared with the DFTFB and CDFB. Design example and the corresponding implementation results show that our FB achieves significant advantages over the DFTFB and CDFB in terms resource utilizations and power consumptions.
Which insulin, regimen and device in type 2 diabetes?

Around 4% of the UK population have diabetes mellitus.1 Around 90% have type 2 disease and many of these people will need insulin therapy for effective control of their diabetes. The different types of insulin (animal, human or analogue), regimen (timing of doses and duration of action of insulin) and device (syringes, prefilled or disposable pens) present various advantages and disadvantages that can affect adherence, quality of life and glycaemic control.2 Here we provide an overview of the various treatment options available, and offer practical advice on how to choose the appropriate approach for adults with type 2 diabetes. *
Organizing and Planning the ASIC Design Process by Means of a Multi-agent System

Because of constantly improving technologies, the complexity of Integrated Circuits (ICs) is continuously increasing. Consequently IC design becomes continously more challenging and complex. A huge number of different possible design flows exists, delimited by different constraints. The design flow dynamically changes as recursions between design tasks occur. An approach that allows a fast and efficient ASIC design and that can deal with this huge complexity and dynamics is needed. Therefore we propose a methodology based on a multi-agent simulation combined with global and local scheduling techniques to construct a time-dependent, detailed model of the ASIC design process, which permits an extensive analysis and efficient organization.
Chapter 2 The Genomics of Sexual Ornaments , Gene Identi fi cation and Pleiotropy

Sexual ornaments, which are traits that make an individual attractive to potential mates, have a long history in evolutionary biology. These adaptations to mate choice have been the subject of research from the perspective of genetics, ecology and theoretical biology. The rapid development of genomic methods has equipped modern genetics with new tools to answer old questions and open up new areas of analysis. For research into sexual ornamentation, this has meant the application of genetic mapping, in particular quantitative trait locus (QTL) methods, and transcriptomics to search for genes and biological pathways affecting ornamental traits and investigate pleiotropy between ornamental traits, ornament preference and fitness-related traits. Examples come from QTL studies of beak colour in the zebra finch, colocalisation between loci for ornaments and other traits in crickets and moths, QTL mapping and population genomics of colour in guppies and cichlids, genetical genomics and pleiotropy mapping of comb size in the chicken, transcriptomic studies of handicap mechanisms in the grouse, and genetics and molecular evolution of several sexual traits in Drosophila. Genomic methods help reveal the variety of mechanisms involved in sexual ornamentation and are complementary to quantitative genetics, population genetics and organismal studies.
A system for automatic conversion of academic transcripts

The article presents an ontological approach to making academic transcripts comparable. Considerable variety exists among university grading systems around the world. For example, in the U.S. grades of F through A+ correspond to 0.00 through 4.30, whereas in Germany the corresponding scale traverses 5 through 1. The authors introduce an ontology that reduces ambiguity between grading systems. They also discuss how conversion rules can be extracted from Microsoft Excel spreadsheet documents and ported to a machine-readable rule language.
A Novel Rat Tetraspan Protein in Cells of the Oligodendrocyte Lineage

Abstract : The tetraspanin/transmembrane 4 superfamily gene superfamily encodes proteins that span the plasma membrane four times. Tetraspan proteins are implicated in proliferation, motility, and differentiation in various cell types, and in some cells they may link plasma membrane proteins into signalling complexes. Using a subtractive cDNA library prepared from oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells, we have identified Tspan‐2 as a member of this superfamily. In situ hybridization analysis revealed robust expression in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage in comparison with the Plp gene, a well‐characterized marker for myelin‐forming glia in the CNS. Rat Tspan‐2 mRNA is restricted to the nervous system and is detectable by northern blot shortly after birth in the CNS. Subsequently the gene is up‐regulated strongly between postnatal day 3 and 10, and expression levels continue to rise up to postnatal day 22. These data indicate that Tspan‐2 is likely to play a role in signalling in oligodendrocytes in the early stages of their terminal differentiation into myelin‐forming glia and may also function in stabilizing the mature sheath.
Petersen Cores and the Oddness of Cubic Graphs

Let G be a bridgeless cubic graph. Consider a list of k 1‐factors of G. Let Ei be the set of edges contained in precisely i members of the k 1‐factors. Let μk(G) be the smallest |E0| over all lists of k 1‐factors of G. We study lists by three 1‐factors, and call G[E0∪E2∪E3] with |E0|=μ3(G) a μ3(G) ‐core of G. If G is not 3‐edge‐colorable, then μ3(G)≥3 . In Steffen (J Graph Theory 78 (2015), 195–206) it is shown that if μ3(G)≠0 , then 2μ3(G) is an upper bound for the girth of G. We show that μ3(G) bounds the oddness ω(G) of G as well. We prove that ω(G)≤23μ3(G) . If ω(G)=23μ3(G) , then every μ3(G) ‐core has a very specific structure. We call these cores Petersen cores. We show that for any given oddness there is a cyclically 4‐edge‐connected cubic graph G with ω(G)=23μ3(G) . On the other hand, the difference between ω(G) and 23μ3(G) can be arbitrarily big. This is true even if we additionally fix the oddness. Furthermore, for every integer k≥3 , there exists a bridgeless cubic graph G such that μ3(G)=k .
Chronic insomnia as a risk factor for developing anxiety and depression.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To study prospectively the relations of insomnia to the development of anxiety disorders and depression in a population-based sample. DESIGN Cohort study based on data from 2 general health surveys of the adult population. SETTING Two general health surveys in the adult population in Nord-Trøndelag County of Norway, HUNT-1 performed in 1984-6 and HUNT-2 in 1995-7 PARTICIPANTS Participants without significant anxiety and depression in HUNT-1 were categorized according to the presence and absence of insomnia in the 2 surveys (N=25,130). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Anxiety disorders and depression in HUNT-2 were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, education, comorbid depression/anxiety, and history of insomnia. Anxiety disorders in HUNT-2 were significantly associated with the group with insomnia in HUNT-1 only (OR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3), the group with insomnia in HUNT-2 only (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 3.1-3.8), as well as with the group with insomnia in both surveys (OR 4.9; 95% CI, 3.8-6.4). Depression in HUNT-2 was significantly associated with the group with insomnia in HUNT-2 only (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6-2.0), but not with the groups with insomnia in HUNT-1 only or with insomnia in both surveys. CONCLUSIONS Only a state-like association between insomnia and depression was found. In addition to being a state marker, insomnia may be a trait marker for individuals at risk for developing anxiety disorders. Results are consistent with insomnia being a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders.
Beta cell apoptosis in T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus results from T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing, pancreatic islet beta cells. How this destruction takes place has remained elusive--largely due to the slow kinetics of disease progression. By crossing a transgenic mouse carrying a beta cell-specific T cell receptor onto the NOD.scid background, we produced a simplified but robust and accelerated model of diabetes. This mouse produces CD4+ T cells bearing transgenic T cell receptor but is devoid of CD8+ T cells and B cells. More importantly, this mouse develops a rapid diabetes, which has allowed us to record and quantify beta cell death. We have determined that beta cells within the inflamed islets die by apoptosis.
Investigation of Impact Ionization in InAs-Channel HEMT for High-Speed and Low-Power Applications

An 80-nm InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with InAs channel and InGaAs subchannels has been fabricated. The high current gain cutoff frequency (ft) of 310 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 330 GHz were obtained at VDS = 0.7 V due to the high electron mobility in the InAs channel. Performance degradation was observed on the cutoff frequency (ft) and the corresponding gate delay time caused by impact ionization due to a low energy bandgap in the InAs channel. DC and RF characterizations on the device have been performed to determine the proper bias conditions in avoidance of performance degradations due to the impact ionization. With the design of InGaAs/InAs/InGaAs composite channel, the impact ionization was not observed until the drain bias reached 0.7 V, and at this bias, the device demonstrated very low gate delay time of 0.63 ps. The high performance of the InAs/InGaAs HEMTs demonstrated in this letter shows great potential for high-speed and very low-power logic applications.
Offloading Performance of Range Expansion in Picocell Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Analysis

Range Expansion (RE) can improve the capacity of heterogeneous networks by increasing the coverage of low power nodes like picocells. So far, however, there have been limited results on quantifying the performance of range expansion and the effect of Range Expansion Bias (REB). To address these issues, using stochastic geometry, we propose a practical load-aware model in which users' minimum throughput requirements and Base Station (BS) load are taken into account. Furthermore, we get a closed-form expression for the outage probability in the heterogeneous network with RE. Compared to previous models which assume all BSs are always fully loaded, the proposed model is more reasonable for lightly-loaded networks. Additional, our results reveal the offloading benefits of RE and provide insights into the settings of system parameters such as REB.
RESúMENES DE TExTOS: NUEVOS RETOS EN LA WEB 2.0* TExT SuMMARIES: NEW ChALLENgES IN WEb 2.0

Resumen Este articulo presenta un estudio preliminar de los fenomenos presentes en la Web 2.0, concretamente en blogs y como se reflejan en los correspondientes resumenes generados. El principal objetivo es cuantificar en que medida dichos fenomenos estan presentes tanto en los blogs como en los resumenes. La presencia de estos fenomenos en los resumenes tiene como consecuencia directa la disminucion de la calidad de estos, en criterios como la correccion gramatical o la coherencia de los resumenes. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos muestran que los nuevos generos textuales derivados de la Web 2.0 contienen un alto numero de rasgos linguisticos tipicos que es necesario tratar con metodos y herramientas adecuadas para que dichos rasgos no se propaguen a otras tareas del Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, en concreto, en este estudio, a los resumenes de textos. Ademas, se proponen posibles soluciones para abordar el problema, con la finalidad de ayudar a que la calidad de los resumenes no se vea afectada debido a la presencia de estos fenomenos.
Transforming PLC Programs into Formal Models for Verification Purposes

Most of CERN’s industrial installations rely on PLC-based (Programmable Logic Controller) control systems developed using the UNICOS framework. This framework contains common, reusable program modules and their correctness is a high priority. Testing is already applied to find errors, but this method has limitations. In this work an approach is proposed to transform automatically PLC programs into formal models, with the goal of applying formal verification to ensure their correctness. We target model checking which is a precise, mathematical-based method to check formalized requirements automatically against the system. This is an internal CERN publication and does not necessarily reflect the views of the CERN management. Internal Note CERN-ACC-NOTE-2013-0040 Darvas et al.: Transforming PLC programs into formal models for verification purposes
Intracoronary delivery of eptifibatide with the ClearWay® RX infusion catheter

Acute coronary syndromes are caused by plaque rupture and the formation of an occlusive thrombus. Intracoronary (IC) bolus administration of eptifibatide may result in higher levels of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor occupancy (RO) in the local coronary bed, disaggregate thrombus in the epicardial artery, and microvasculature and thereby improve coronary flow. We report the use of the ClearWay® catheter to deliver IC eptifibatide to the lesion, theoretically thereby achieving higher local coronary concentrations of the eptifibatide, achieving a longer residence time and maximizing drug bioavailability at the site of the thrombus over the standard intravenous delivery mechanism and over intracoronary bolus administration via the guide catheter. This may then lead to superior thrombus disaggregation and improved microvascular perfusion. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary habits and exercise practices among the students of a Saudi Teachers' Training College.

OBJECTIVE To assess the dietary habits and exercise practices among Saudi male students of a Teacher's Training College. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during the academic year 2005/2006 in Abha, Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study sample was drawn using the systematic random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. RESULTS Out of a total sample of 500 students, 456 questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 91.2%. Approximately 10% of the students reported some type of organic disease, while psychiatric disorders were reported by 4.6% of the students. Nearly half of the students had a body mass index of more than 25 kg/m2. Practice of exercise was not prevalent in 14% of the students, while 69.3% were engaged in exercise only twice per month. Half of the students ate lunch and dinner, while snacks after lunch was taken by 76.1% of them. Addition of salt (55.5%), consumption of ghee (91.4%), and watching television while eating (85.3%) was noted among the students. Breakfast was the most commonly missed meal. Approximately 11.4% students did not take vegetable and 28.9% did not take fish at all while softdrinks were consumed by more than 85% of the students ranging from 1-4 times to more than 7 times per week. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to assess barriers to the healthy life style and to design an effective intervention program to improve the lifestyle of the future teachers.
Pluripoteny and Cancer, Two Sides of The Same Coin?

Cancer and developmental biology scientists realized over a century ago that genes and pathways relevant to cancer overlap with embryonic development as reflected in the reactivation of embryonic genes during tumor progression. Consequently the question was raised of whether tumors could arise from transformation of tissue stem cells or “retro-differentiation” of more differentiated cells. Nearly 40 years later, these ideas and questions are still hot spots in cancer research. The “retrodifferentation” concept can be now translated as cellular plasticity, a process by which non-stem differentiated cells can spontaneously acquire stem cell like characteristics . This phenomenon has important implications for cancer therapy and a big impact on our current view of the cancer stem cell hypothesis.
Operations Timeline for Tsat Planning

The purpose of the OPS timeline is to establish the war-fighter's process to plan a TSAT mission and identify TMOS capabilities to support the warfighter's mission plan. The timeline to plan TSAT missions will be significantly reduced from legacy communication systems and more importantly, the warfighter's role in planning will be reduced allowing them more time for mission preparation and execution. The OPS timeline is also intended to help guide the efforts to further develop TSAT mission planning tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs). This paper will define the differences in the mission planning time-frame and discuss how TSAT will support the need for high priority missions (real time planning) that must be planned and implemented very quickly. The three major planning phases, long term, short term, and real time will be described in context with the several milestones. The functional decomposition of those major milestones across the three phases of planning will help to define the processes that take place when planning a TSAT mission in the net-centric environment
High indoor CO2 concentrations in an office environment increases the transcutaneous CO2 level and sleepiness during cognitive work

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to perform a multiparametric analysis on the environmental factors, the physiological stress reactions in the body, the measured alertness, and the subjective symptoms during simulated office work. Volunteer male subjects were monitored during three 4-hr work meetings in an office room, both in a ventilated and a non-ventilated environment. The environmental parameters measured included CO2, temperature, and relative humidity. The physiological test battery consisted of measuring autonomic nervous system functions, salivary stress hormones, blood's CO2- content and oxygen saturation, skin temperatures, thermal sensations, vigilance, and sleepiness. The study shows that we can see physiological changes caused by high CO2 concentration. The findings support the view that low or moderate level increases in concentration of CO2 in indoor air might cause elevation in the blood's transcutaneously assessed CO2. The observed findings are higher CO2 concentrations in tissues, changes in heart rate variation, and an increase of peripheral blood circulation during exposure to elevated CO2 concentration. The subjective parameters and symptoms support the physiological findings. This study shows that a high concentration of CO2 in indoor air seem to be one parameter causing physiological effects, which can decrease the facility user's functional ability. The correct amount of ventilation with relation to the number of people using the facility, functional air distribution, and regular breaks can counteract the decrease in functional ability. The findings of the study suggest that merely increasing ventilation is not necessarily a rational solution from a technical-economical viewpoint. Instead or in addition, more comprehensive, anthropocentric planning of space is needed as well as instructions and new kinds of reference values for the design and realization of office environments.
Effects of AT1‐ and β‐adrenergic receptor antagonists on TGF‐β1‐induced fibrosis in transgenic mice

Background Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is involved in interstitial remodelling promoting collagen synthesis and suppressing collagen degradation by inhibition of collagenases. TGF‐β1 mediates angiotensin II‐dependent effects and modulates β1‐adrenergic signalling. To study the effect of neuroendocrine antagonism on TGF‐β‐induced hypertrophic and fibrotic phenotype, we treated TGF‐β1 (Cys223,225Ser) transgenic mice (TGF‐β1‐TG) with either the β1‐receptor blocker metoprolol (MET), the angiotensin II type I (AT1)‐receptor antagonist telmisartan (TEL) or an antibody blocking TGF‐β1 signalling (TGFβ1‐sR‐Ab).
Antitubercular substances. II. Substitution products of isonicotinic hydrazide.

A series of thirty N2-substitution products of N1-isonicotinyl hydrazine has been prepared and characterized. The majority of the substances had an in vivo antitubercular activity of the same order of magnitude as that of isonicotinic hydrazide. A short series of other compounds which can also be considered as derivatives of isonicotinic hydrazide has also been prepared and characterized but found to be devoid of any significant antitubercular action.
Development of Live-Attenuated Arenavirus Vaccines Based on Codon Deoptimization

ABSTRACT Arenaviruses have a significant impact on public health and pose a credible biodefense threat, but the development of safe and effective arenavirus vaccines has remained elusive, and currently, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed arenavirus vaccines are available. Here, we explored the use of a codon deoptimization (CD)-based approach as a novel strategy to develop live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines. We recoded the nucleoprotein (NP) of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) with the least frequently used codons in mammalian cells, which caused lower LCMV NP expression levels in transfected cells that correlated with decreased NP activity in cell-based functional assays. We used reverse-genetics approaches to rescue a battery of recombinant LCMVs (rLCMVs) encoding CD NPs (rLCMV/NPCD) that showed attenuated growth kinetics in vitro. Moreover, experiments using the well-characterized mouse model of LCMV infection revealed that rLCMV/NPCD1 and rLCMV/NPCD2 were highly attenuated in vivo but, upon a single immunization, conferred complete protection against a subsequent lethal challenge with wild-type (WT) recombinant LCMV (rLCMV/WT). Both rLCMV/NPCD1 and rLCMV/NPCD2 were genetically and phenotypically stable during serial passages in FDA vaccine-approved Vero cells. These results provide proof of concept of the safety, efficacy, and stability of a CD-based approach for developing live-attenuated vaccine candidates against human-pathogenic arenaviruses. IMPORTANCE Several arenaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and pose a credible bioterrorism threat. Currently, no FDA-licensed vaccines are available to combat arenavirus infections, while antiarenaviral therapy is limited to the off-label use of ribavirin, which is only partially effective and is associated with side effects. Here, we describe the generation of recombinant versions of the prototypic arenavirus LCMV encoding codon-deoptimized viral nucleoproteins (rLCMV/NPCD). We identified rLCMV/NPCD1 and rLCMV/NPCD2 to be highly attenuated in vivo but able to confer protection against a subsequent lethal challenge with wild-type LCMV. These viruses displayed an attenuated phenotype during serial amplification passages in cultured cells. Our findings support the use of this approach for the development of safe, stable, and protective live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines.