Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Mechanisms of Episodic Retrieval Support Divergent Creative Thinking

Prior research has indicated that brain regions and networks that support semantic memory, top-down and bottom-up attention, and cognitive control are all involved in divergent creative thinking. Kernels of evidence suggest that neural processes supporting episodic memory-the retrieval of particular elements of prior experiences-may also be involved in divergent thinking, but such processes have typically been characterized as not very relevant for, or even a hindrance to, creative output. In the present study, we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging with an experimental manipulation to test formally, for the first time, episodic memory's involvement in divergent thinking. Following a manipulation that facilitates detailed episodic retrieval, we observed greater neural activity in the hippocampus and stronger connectivity between a core brain network linked to episodic processing and a frontoparietal brain network linked to cognitive control during divergent thinking relative to an object association control task that requires little divergent thinking. Stronger coupling following the retrieval manipulation extended to a subsequent resting-state scan. Neural effects of the episodic manipulation were consistent with behavioral effects of enhanced idea production on divergent thinking but not object association. The results indicate that conceptual frameworks should accommodate the idea that episodic retrieval can function as a component process of creative idea generation, and highlight how the brain flexibly utilizes the retrieval of episodic details for tasks beyond simple remembering.
Intérêts et limites de la bile et de l'humeur vitrée comme matrices alternatives en toxicologie médicolégale.

Ce travail avait pour objectif d'etudier l'interet et les limites de l'analyse de deux matrices alternatives que sont la bile et l'humeur vitree (HV), en toxicologie medicolegale. Pour chacune des deux matrices, une revue de la litterature visait a investiguer les connaissances utiles a leur application en toxicologie medicolegale. Une place importante de ces revues est reservee a l'anatomie et la physiologie de l'HV et du systeme biliaire ainsi qu'aux mecanismes de distribution des xenobiotiques dans ces matrices. La partie experimentale decrit trois etudes: deux menees sur populations autopsiques et une associant experimentations animales et etudes de populations autopsiques. Les deux premieres ont permis de proposer des outils statistiques d'interpretation des concentrations de meprobamate mesurees dans ces matrices. Ils peuvent etre utilises dans diverses situations a la place ou en complement de l'interpretation des concentrations sanguines: cadavre exsangue, putrefaction avancee du corps, redistribution post mortem des xenobiotiques… La troisieme etude concernait six molecules (diazepam, citalopram, cyamemazine, morphine, cafeine et meprobamate). Les molecules detectees dans le sang l'etaient systematiquement dans l'HV et la bile aussi bien dans les prelevements des populations autopsiques que ceux issus des experimentations animales. Les concentrations vitreennes chez l'animal et chez l'homme etaient systematiquement correlees aux concentrations sanguines, exceptees celles de cyamemazine et de citalopram chez l'homme. Pour la bile, une correlation significative etait observee pour le meprobamate et la cafeine chez l'homme et l'animal. Il ressort de ces resultats, que l'analyse de l'HV et de la bile permettent de disposer d'informations relatives a la nature des molecules absorbees et a leur role dans la survenue du deces
A 65nm CMOS fully integrated 31.5 dBm triple SFDS Power Amplifier dedicated to W-CDMA application

This paper presents a 65nm CMOS-Power Amplifier (PA) designed for UMTS standard. It is based on a triple Stacked Folded pseudo-Differential Structure (triple SFDS) power stage and a differential cascode driver stage. The PA provides 31.5 dBm maximal output power (Pmax) with 20% of maximal power added efficiency (PAEmax) at 1.95 GHz. The linear gain is 37 dB and the compression point (OCP1) is 29.5 dBm. In order to fulfill the W-CDMA requirements, the PA respects the ACLR requirements until 23 dBm.
Rapid venom immunotherapy is safe for routine use in the treatment of patients with Hymenoptera anaphylaxis.

BACKGROUND Rapid venom immunotherapy regimens have been developed to provide safe protection to individuals who have experienced Hymenoptera anaphylaxis by administering greater than 50 micrograms of venom over two to three hours on treatment day 1. A rapid venom immunotherapy protocol which consisted of administration of a cumulative dose of 58.55 micrograms of each venom on treatment day 1 followed by an accelerated build-up over 3 weeks to a final maintenance dose of 100 micrograms per venom was developed by our group in 1984. OBJECTIVE We report our 10-year cumulative experience with this rapid venom immunotherapy regimen. METHODS Seventy-seven venom-allergic patients received a cumulative dose of 58.55 micrograms per venom on treatment day 1 in an ambulatory care setting. Rapid venom immunotherapy was assessed for safety. A cost analysis was performed to compare rapid venom immunotherapy to a modified rush immunotherapy regimen. RESULTS Four patients (5.2%), experienced mild systemic reactions consisting of diffuse urticaria on day 1. Treatment was otherwise well tolerated. Resting events occurred in 21 patients, a mean number of 12 months (range: 3 days to 48 months) after treatment, without systemic reactions. CONCLUSIONS This experience confirms that rapid venom immunotherapy is safe to administer in an ambulatory setting and should be considered especially for patients during the stinging insect season when rapid protection is required.
Problèmes NP-difficiles : approximation modérément exponentielle et complexité paramétrique. (NP-Hard problems : moderately exponential approximation and parameterized complexity)

Nous detaillons dans cette these des algorithmes moderement exponentiels pour l'approximation du probleme MAX SAT. Nous discutons d'une methode generique pour la conception d'algorithmes exponentiels realisant des schemas d'approximation dans un cadre plus general. Enfin, nous presentons des resultats parametres pour des problemes de coupe a cardinalite contrainte. %%%%We give in this thesis some moderately exponential algorithms for the MAX SAT problem. We discuss a very general method to conceive efficient exponential algorithms that give approximation scheme. In the end, we present some parameterized results for CUT problem with constrained cardinality.
National survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the United States, 1976 to 1980.

The trend in the prevalence of reported asthma was determined from data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. The reported prevalence of ever having asthma increased among 6- to 11-year-old children between the first (1971 to 1974) and second (1976 to 1980) National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (4.8% to 7.6%, P less than .01). The epidemiology of asthma among children and adolescents 3 to 17 years of age in the United States was examined using data collected in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In this paper, asthma is defined as current disease diagnosed by a physician and/or frequent trouble with wheezing during the past 12 months, not counting colds or the flu. Asthma was reported for 6.7% of youths overall and was higher in black than white children (9.4% v 6.2%, P less than .01), boys than girls (7.8% v 5.5%, P less than .01), and urban than rural areas (7.1% v 5.7%, P less than .05). Asthmatic children had a higher prevalence of other allergies (42.6% v 13.2%, P less than .01) and of allergen skin test reactivity (44.5% v 20.7%, P less than .01) than nonasthmatic children. Most asthmatics had their first asthmatic episode before their third birthday. No effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of asthma was noted.
A nonsynonymous SNP in ATG16L1 predisposes to ileal Crohn's disease and is independent of CARD15 and IBD5.

BACKGROUND & AIMS A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous DNA polymorphisms identified association of a threonine-to-alanine substitution (T300A) in the autophagy-related 16-like gene ATG16L1 with Crohn's disease. We investigated this association in independent U.K. cohorts of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. METHODS The T300A variant (rs2241880) was genotyped in an independent sample of 727 Crohn's disease and 877 ulcerative colitis cases, and in 579 controls. We then performed an extension analysis combining these data with the U.K. data from the initial study to give a total of 1236 U.K. Crohn's disease cases and 1235 controls to estimate disease risk and test for interaction with the CARD15 and IBD5 risk loci and for association with disease subtypes. RESULTS The association of T300A was replicated in the independent sample of 727 Crohn's disease cases (P = .001), and was strongly associated in the extended analysis of 1236 Crohn's cases (P = 2.4 x 10(-6)). The 300A/A genotype conferred a 1.65-fold risk of Crohn's disease, with a 2.2-fold risk of ileal disease. Analysis of the interaction of ATG16L1 with CARD15 and IBD5 indicated that all 3 loci contribute independently to disease risk. Homozygosity for the risk allele at all 3 loci conferred a combined risk of 20.4 (95% confidence interval: 8.71, 47.7) for Crohn's disease. The ATG16L1 risk genotype showed a modest but significant association with ulcerative colitis (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS The association of ATG16L1 with Crohn's disease and possibly with ulcerative colitis supports a role for autophagy in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
Physiological and psychological stress reactions in relation to classroom noise.

OBJECTIVES This study tested the hypothesis that classroom noise is related to stress reactions among primary school children. Stress was monitored via symptoms of fatigue and headache, systolic blood pressure, reduced diurnal cortisol variation, and indicators of emotional distress. METHODS In three classrooms of pupils in the fourth grade (10 years of age), daily measurements of equivalent sound levels (Leq) were made during 4 weeks, evenly distributed from September to December. One day each week of the study, the pupils answered a questionnaire about disturbance and symptoms, and blood pressure and salivary cortisol were measured. In the first and fourth week, the children also performed a standardized drawing test concerning emotional indicators. RESULTS Daily measurements of equivalent sound levels in the classes (Leq during schoolday) ranged from 59 to 87 dB(A). Equivalent sound-levels were significantly related to an increased prevalence of symptoms of fatigue and headache and a reduced diurnal cortisol variability. Blood pressure and emotional indicators were not significantly related to sound levels. CONCLUSIONS Current sound levels in Swedish classrooms may have a negative health impact, being directly or indirectly related to stress reactions among children. This finding indicates that noise should be focused on as a risk factor in the school environment.
Realizing an electronically tunable reflectarray using varactor diode-tuned elements

Electronically tunable reflectarrays hold significant promise as cost effective architectures for RF beamforming applications. The successful operation of these arrays depends on the phase agility of the cells used to realize the array. This letter describes the design of an electronically tunable reflectarray based on a novel cell architecture that provides a large degree of phase agility. Experimental results demonstrating the beamforming capabilities of the array at 5.8 GHz are presented.
Psychiatric Nurses' Attitudes Toward Consumer and Carer Participation in Care: Part 1—Exploring the Issues

Consumer and carer participation in mental health delivery is now enshrined in Australian Government policy. However, strategies assisting in implementing this vision have not been explored. Nurses are crucial to the mental health workforce, both in numbers and by virtue of the therapeutic relationship. The willingness of nurses to encourage consumer and carer participation is therefore essential for implementation of this policy. This article presents part 1 of the findings of a qualitative study exploring nurses' opinions regarding consumer and carer participation. Data were analyzed using a content-analysis approach, assisted by the software package NVivo. The themes explicated were as follows: Consumer and carer participation—a help or a hindrance? Encouragement—an important role for nurses; and communication—a gift of nursing. These findings highlight the unique and important role nurses can play in encouraging participation and explore some of the issues involved if that role is to become a reality.
Purification and characterization of a chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase from Bacteroides succinogenes S85

A cellobiosidase with unique characteristics from the extracellular culture fluid of the anaerobic gram-negative cellulolytic rumen bacterium Bacteroides succinogenes grown on microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) in a continuous culture system was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 75,000 and an isoelectric point of 6.7. When assayed at 39 degrees C and pH 6.5, the activity of the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside as the substrate was stimulated by chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, nitrate, and nitrite, with maximum activation (approximately sevenfold) occurring at concentrations ranging from 1.0 mM (Cl-) to greater than 0.75 M (F-). The presence of chloride (0.2 M) did not affect the Km but doubled the Vmax. In the presence of chloride (0.2 M), the pH optimum of the enzyme was broadened, and the temperature optimum was increased from 39 to 45 degrees C. The enzyme released terminal cellobiose from cellotriose and cellobiose and cellotriose from longer-chain-length cellooligosaccharrides and acid-swollen cellulose, but it had no activity on cellobiose. The enzyme showed affinity for cellulose (Avicel) but did not hydrolyze it. It also had a low activity on carboxymethyl cellulose.
LogAB: A first-order, non-paradoxical, algebraic logic of belief

LogAB is a family of logics of belief. It holds a middle ground between the expressive, but prone to paradox, syntactical first-order theories and the often inconvenient, but safe, modal approaches. In this report, the syntax and semantics of LogAB are presented. LogAB is algebraic in the sense that it is a language of only terms; there is no notion of a formula, only proposition-denoting terms. The domain of propositions is taken to be a Boolean algebra, which renders classical truth conditions and definitions of consequence and validity theorems about LogAB structures. LogAB is shown to be sufficiently expressive to accommodate complex patterns of reasoning about belief while remaining paradox-free. A number of results are proved regarding paradoxical self-reference. They are shown to strengthen previous results, and to point to possible new approaches to circumventing paradoxes in syntactical theories of belief.
The Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide Inhibits Small Intestinal Motility, Flow, Transit, and Absorption of Glucose in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The short-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide reduces postprandial glycemia, partly by slowing gastric emptying, although its impact on small intestinal function is unknown. In this study, 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with type 2 diabetes received intravenous exenatide (7.5 μg) or saline (−30 to 240 min) in a double-blind randomized crossover design. Glucose (45 g), together with 5 g 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) and 20 MBq 99mTc-sulfur colloid (total volume 200 mL), was given intraduodenally (t = 0–60 min; 3 kcal/min). Duodenal motility and flow were measured using a combined manometry-impedance catheter and small intestinal transit using scintigraphy. In both groups, duodenal pressure waves and antegrade flow events were fewer, and transit was slower with exenatide, as were the areas under the curves for serum 3-OMG and blood glucose concentrations. Insulin concentrations were initially lower with exenatide than with saline and subsequently higher. Nausea was greater in both groups with exenatide, but suppression of small intestinal motility and flow was observed even in subjects with little or no nausea. The inhibition of small intestinal motor function represents a novel mechanism by which exenatide can attenuate postprandial glycemia.
Systematic Review: Helping the Young to Understand the Old. Teaching Interventions in Geriatrics to Improve the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Undergraduate Medical Students

It is unclear whether geriatrics‐specific educational interventions lead to improvement in students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes and whether successful interventions possess any consistent features. This review examines the effect of educational interventions on undergraduate knowledge, skills, and attitudes in geriatric medicine and concludes that a wide range of innovative designs have the potential to improve each of these parameters, although evidence of interventions that improve student skills is lacking, and further research is necessary to confirm the efficacy of specific teaching strategies in geriatrics.
Outcome Expectations and Physical Activity in Persons With Longstanding Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACT Research suggests that persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are much less physically active than the general population and that increased physical activity in persons with MS is associated with numerous benefits such as improvements in fatigue, mobility, and quality of life (Motl & Pilutti, 2012). Potentially modifiable theory-based determinants of physical activity behavior need to be identified so that researchers may study their effectiveness in randomized clinical trials and clinicians may integrate them into practice to promote physical activity in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the multidimensional (physical, social, and self-evaluative) outcome expectations for physical activity among persons with longstanding MS. A sample of 369 participants diagnosed with MS for more than 15 years completed surveys to measure multidimensional outcome expectations for exercise, MS functional limitations, and physical activity using two different instruments: one measuring physical activity engagement and the other measuring physical activity capability. Results indicated that MS functional limitation was the strongest predictor of both physical activity engagement and physical activity capability. Physical and social outcome expectations contributed to the model explaining 12% of the variation in physical activity engagement, whereas none of the outcome expectancy dimensions (physical, social, or self-evaluative) contributed to the model explaining variation in physical activity capability. Although analyses of cross-sectional data do not infer causation, these findings suggest that positive physical and social outcome expectations for physical activity are associated with engagement in physical activity as well as being potential sources of motivation for increasing physical activity behavior in individuals living with longstanding MS.
Cognitive abilities related to post-traumatic symptoms among refugees from the former Yugoslavia in psychiatric treatment

The overall aim was to study the relationship between post-traumatic symptoms and cognitive abilities among traumatized refugees from the former Yugoslavia, in psychiatric treatment. The results showed that a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as a higher level of post-traumatic symptoms, was significantly associated with poorer average cognitive performance. Three of four tests of fluid intelligence, and the Benton Visual Retention Test, assessing episodic memory, were the most discriminating. A specific constellation of PTSD symptoms, dominated by arousal and intrusive symptoms, had a significant overall correlation with intellectual performance. One implication of the study is that assessment of cognitive abilities might be advisable in this patient group, in particular when arousal and re-experiencing symptoms are frequent.
The Relationship between Age, Gender, Historical Change, and Adults' Perceptions of Mental Health and Mental Health Services

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of age, historical change, and gender on perceptions of mental health and mental health services. Using multidimensional measures to assess such perceptions among older adults (1977, 1991, 2000), and younger adults (1991, 2000), we expected that older adults would have less positive mental health perceptions than would younger adults, that more recently born cohorts of older persons would evidence more positive perceptions, and that women, especially those more recently assessed, would also evidence more positive perceptions. To an extent, we found positive historical shifts in mental health perceptions, though data also indicated that such views may have stabilized over the last decade for older persons, and interacted with age and gender in this respect. Age differences favoring younger persons were, in part, replicated across historical time, and women held more positive mental health perceptions than did men. Over historical time, older persons' mental health perceptions are, for the most part, increasingly positive, significant in light of the increasing proportion of older persons and changes in the mental health system itself. Our data suggest that efforts to reach older men should be given high priority.
Static transfer switch (STS) model in EMTPWorks RV

Due to the growing requirement for process controls in automated plants, electrical consumers are becoming increasingly more sensitive to the quality and reliability of the power supplies. Thyristor-based static transfer switches (STSs) are able to provide critical loads with a fast transfer to a backup auxiliary source when the main source fails. A static transfer switch model in EMTPWorks RV is developed. Results from three test cases concerning the STS system are presented.
Improving Public Health Preparedness Capacity Measurement: Development of the Local Health Department Preparedness Capacities Assessment Survey

Abstract Objective To address limitations in measuring the preparedness capacities of health departments, we developed and tested the Local Health Department Preparedness Capacities Assessment Survey (PCAS). Methods Preexisting instruments and a modified 4-cycle Delphi panel process were used to select instrument items. Pilot test data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Kappa statistics were calculated to examine rater agreement within items. The final instrument was fielded with 85 North Carolina health departments and a national matched comparison group of 248 health departments. Results Factor analysis identified 8 initial domains: communications, surveillance and investigation, plans and protocols, workforce and volunteers, legal infrastructure, incident command, exercises and events, and corrective action. Kappa statistics and z scores indicated substantial to moderate agreement among respondents in 7 domains. Cronbach α coefficients ranged from 0.605 for legal infrastructure to 0.929 for corrective action. Mean scores and standard deviations were also calculated for each domain and ranged from 0.41 to 0.72, indicating sufficient variation in the sample to detect changes over time. Conclusion The PCAS is a useful tool to determine how well health departments are performing on preparedness measures and identify opportunities for future preparedness improvements. Future survey implementation will incorporate recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and Local Planning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:578–584)