Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of Some Swedish Websites on ‘Heart Attack’ Assessed with the EU Quality Criteria

Aim: To evaluate quality of websites containing health information about heart attack in the Swedish language, accessible via one common used search engine available to the general public. Background: Increasingly, information about different health problems is sought on the Internet. From a layman perspective, such information can be hard to find, to understand and to trust. Health care professionals should be able to inform and teach the individual safe ways of finding health information of good quality on the Internet, which involves assessments of the websites. Methods: In one common used search engine, the Google, one search was performed during February 2006. Seventy websites were evaluated using one or all the European Union (EU) quality criteria. Findings: No website met all the criteria, but websites found on the search engines first search pages, met the criteria in the best way. Those websites were primarily aimed at mediating health information to the general public provided by government authorities, county councils, universities and companies. Conclusions: Ethnic minority groups, and individuals with low literacy skills/or visual impairments, may have difficulties finding suitable information. The EU quality criteria need to be refined in order to better assess the quality on different kind of websites.
Inattention, working memory, and academic achievement in adolescents referred for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

This study investigated the role of inattention and working memory in predicting academic achievement in 145 adolescents aged 13 to 18 referred for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Path analysis was used to examine whether auditory-verbal and visual-spatial working memory would mediate the relationships between classroom inattention symptoms and achievement outcomes. Results provide support for the mediational model. Behavioral inattention significantly predicted both auditory-verbal and visual-spatial working memory performance. Auditory-verbal working memory was strongly associated with adolescents' achievement in reading and mathematics, while visual-spatial working memory was only associated with achievement in mathematics. The path from inattention symptoms to reading was partially mediated by the working memory variables, but the path from inattention to mathematics was not mediated by working memory. The proposed model demonstrated a good fit to the data and explained a substantial amount of variance in the adolescents' achievement outcomes. These findings imply that working memory is a risk factor for academic failure for adolescents with attentional problems.
Visual orientation in hospitalized boys with early onset conduct disorder and borderline intellectual functioning

The aim of the present study is to investigate visual orientation in hospitalized boys with severe early onset conduct disorder and borderline intellectual functioning. It is tested whether boys with the dual diagnosis have a stronger action-oriented response style to visual-cued go signals than the norm. To this end, boys with the dual diagnosis were compared with a peer control group on Posner's (1980) visual-spatial detection test. Here, on each trial, a visual cue points either in the direction of the location of a subsequent go signal (valid cue), or points in the opposite direction away from the location of the subsequent go signal (invalid cue). Findings indicated superior orientation (a strong action-oriented response style) of children with the dual diagnosis in valid-cued trials as well as in invalid-cued trials in both the left and the right visual hemifield. Findings were controlled for attention scores on the Child Behavior Checklist -Teacher Form and IQ scores.
Separating global and specific factors in developmental dyslexia

The general goal of the study was to identify global and specific components in developmental dyslexia using various manipulations based on the rapid automatization paradigm (RAN). In two experiments, we used both factor analysis and the Rate-and-Amount Model to verify if one (or more) global factor(s) and a variety of specific effects contribute to the naming (and visual search) deficits in children with dyslexia. Results of Experiment 1 indicated the presence of three global components: pictorial naming, detailed orthographic analysis, and visual search. Pictorial naming is predicated by typical RAN tasks (such as naming colors or objects), independent of set size, but also from a variety of other tasks including Stroop interference conditions. The detailed orthographic analysis factor accounts for naming of orthographic stimuli at high set size. Visual search marked tasks requiring the scanning of visual targets. Results of Experiment 2 confirmed the separation between the pictorial naming and detailed orthographic analysis factors both in the original sample and in a new group of children. Furthermore, specific effects of frequency, lexicality, and length were shown to contribute to the reading deficit. Overall, it is proposed that focusing on the profile of both global and specific effects provides a more effective and, at the same time, simpler account of the dyslexics' impairment.
Joint programmes – give them a second thought: the value of programmes leading to dual nursing and social work qualifications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the need for a more holistic approach to mental health training that brings together the medical and the social knowledge and skills required by today's practitioners.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on the authors' experience of developing, delivering and evaluating a joint mental health programme at London South Bank University between 2004 and 2008.Findings – The authors suggest some advantages of the model as indicated by the scant literature, the findings of a small pilot evaluation study and from information recorded and shared by other university providers of joint programmes – the Joint Programmes Forum. Further investigation is recommended.Research limitations/implications – The absence of systematic evaluation of joint programmes over the 20 years of their existence and the limitations of the evaluation undertaken by the authors is acknowledged.Originality/value – It is suggested in the paper that a specialist holistic t.
Neuropsychological impairments on the NEPSY-II among children with FASD

Background: We examined the pattern of neuropsychological impairments of children with FASD (compared to controls) on NEPSY-II measures of attention and executive functioning, language, memory, visuospatial processing, and social perception. Methods: Participants included 32 children with FASD and 30 typically developing control children, ranging in age from 6 to 16 years. Children were tested on the following subtests of the NEPSY-II: Attention and Executive Functioning (animal sorting, auditory attention/response set, and inhibition), Language (comprehension of instructions and speeded naming), Memory (memory for names/delayed memory for names), Visual-Spatial Processing (arrows), and Social Perception (theory of mind). Groups were compared using MANOVA. Results: Children with FASD were impaired relative to controls on the following subtests: animal sorting, response set, inhibition (naming and switching conditions), comprehension of instructions, speeded naming, and memory for names total and delayed, but group differences were not significant on auditory attention, inhibition (inhibition condition), arrows, and theory of mind. Among the FASD group, IQ scores were not correlated with performance on the NEPSY-II subtests, and there were no significant differences between those with and without comorbid ADHD. Conclusions: The NEPSY-II is an effective and useful tool for measuring a variety of neuropsychological impairments among children with FASD. Children with FASD displayed a pattern of results with impairments (relative to controls) on measures of executive functioning (set shifting, concept formation, and inhibition), language, and memory, and relative strengths on measures of basic attention, visual spatial processing, and social perception.
Interleukin-1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Its Inhibition by IL-1Ra and Anakinra

Objective: To review the biology of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as the biology of its natural inhibitor, IL receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and the clinical efficacy and safety of the recombinant form, anakinra. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (1966–January 2007) of English-language articles was conducted using the key words anakinra, arthritis, clinical trial, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and Kineret. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Over 79 research articles and literature reviews were used to compile a discussion of the biology of IL-1 and IL-1Ra. Ten of these articles were selected to discuss the clinical safety and efficacy of anakinra. Data Synthesis: In RA, IL-1 primarily acts locally to mediate erosion of cartilage and bone. IL-1Ra serves to modulate its activity through competitive inhibition of cellular receptors. Administration of anakinra to animals with experimental arthritis reduced inflammation and joint damage. In clinical trials, anakinra was reasonably well tolerated; however, injection site reactions were frequent and there was a slight increased risk of serious infection. Alone or in combination with methotrexate, anakinra significantly reduced the symptoms and clinical signs of RA at the American College of Rheumatology 20% response level. However, no additive benefit was observed following coadministration with etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor antagonist, and anakinra had no beneficial effect in patients that failed treatment with etanercept. Conclusions: Laboratory studies have indicated that IL-1 is primarily responsible for cartilage destruction and bone erosion in RA. The selective inhibition of IL-1 through administration of anakinra may offer symptomatic relief of RA in some patients.
Adaptive working-memory training benefits reading, but not mathematics in middle childhood

Working memory (WM) capacity is highly correlated with general cognitive ability and has proven to be an excellent predictor for academic success. Given that WM can be improved by training, our aim was to test whether WM training benefited academic abilities in elementary-school children. We examined 28 participants (mean age = 8.3 years, SD = 0.4) in a pretest-training-posttest-follow-up design. Over 14 training sessions, children either performed adaptive WM training (training group, n = 14) or nonadaptive low-level training (active control group, n = 14) on the same tasks. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up at 3 months after posttest included a neurocognitive test battery (WM, task switching, inhibition) and standardized tests for math and reading abilities. Adaptive WM training resulted in larger training gains than nonadaptive low-level training. The benefits induced by the adaptive training transferred to an untrained WM task and a standardized test for reading ability, but not to task switching, inhibition, or performance on a standardized math test. Transfer to the untrained WM task was maintained over 3 months. The analysis of individual differences revealed compensatory effects with larger gains in children with lower WM and reading scores at pretest. These training and transfer effects are discussed against the background of cognitive processing resulting from WM span training and the nature of the intervention.
Development of microsatellite markers in Gonystylus bancanus (Ramin) useful for tracing and tracking of wood of this protected species

Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers have been developed for Gonystylus bancanus (Ramin), a protected tree species of peat swamp forests in Malaysia and Indonesia. Eight markers were also shown to be polymorphic in other Gonystylus species. The markers will enable assessing the amount of genetic variation within and among populations and the degree of population differentiation, such that donor populations can be selected for reforestation projects. They may be used for tracing and tracking of wood in the production chain, so that legal trade in this Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora‐protected timber species, derived from specifically described origins, can be distinguished from illegally logged timber.
Deficit in phonological processes: a characteristic of the neuropsychological profile of children with NF1

ABSTRACT Learning disabilities are one of the most frequent complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in children. Studies of the effects of the neurocognitive deficit on academic performance are relatively rare, owing to the small size of the populations concerned. However, research is needed to develop effective rehabilitation programs. In the present study, we explored the impact of a possible phonological deficit on the reading abilities of children with NF1. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in France on two groups of 75 children with or without NF1 aged 8–12 years, matched for age, sex, handedness, and reading level. All participants underwent a neuropsychological evaluation to assess their general cognitive level, reading skills, phonological processes, visuoperceptual abilities, and attentional capacity. Phonological skills were assessed by means of two phonological awareness tasks and one short-term memory task. In the group of children with NF1, 41% had reading difficulties. Phonological processes were impaired in this group, compared with the children without NF1. Similar differences were found for a phoneme deletion task after adjustment for reading difficulties, IQ level, and visuoperceptual abilities. Phonological awareness, but not phonological short-term memory, was impaired in children with NF1, and not just those whose reading was impaired. Results suggest that children with NF1 have a phonological awareness deficit, whatever their reading level. Identification of reduced phonological skills may warrant the implementation of a specific rehabilitation program before early reading difficulties emerge.
Integrated planning and scheduling in the engineer-to-order sector

The key focus in the 1990s for manufacturers of capital equipment and high-value goods has been to optimize their responsiveness to customer requirements without compromising the performance of their products. Important elements which underpin such agility must be the information links to the customer and the interfaces to key suppliers. The extended lead-time for engineer-to-order (ETO) products typically requires a review of the whole order fulfilment process and the software systems that support this to improve responsiveness. Research shows that a key factor for manufacturing responsiveness is the performance of the firm's manufacturing control function. Whilst there is a wide range of generic proprietary software available that meets a company's planning and scheduling requirements with varying degrees of success, the main difficulty lies in understanding the match between the business needs and the capabilities of the software. This is a particular problem for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which are common in the ETO sector. The EPSRC-funded work covered by this paper is aimed at developing novel planning and scheduling reference models for industrial sectors where the MRPII paradigm is not a good fit. The work is based upon detailed case studies within 13 industrial companies. This paper presents the research aims and objectives, gives an overview of the ETO sector, explains the data capture method used for the case study companies, and the use of extended event process chains and planning and scheduling process models which underpin the development of the reference models, and finally, presents and discusses the reference model for the ETO sector.
Pathogenesis of essential hypertension: historical paradigms and modern insights

Since its first identification in the late 1800s, a variety of etiologies for essential hypertension have been proposed. In this paper we review the primary proposed hypotheses in the context of both the time in which they were proposed as well as the subsequent studies performed over the years. From these various insights, we propose a current paradigm to explain the renal mechanisms underlying the hypertension epidemic today. Specifically, we propose that hypertension is initiated by agents that cause systemic and intrarenal vasoconstriction. Over time intrarenal injury develops with microvascular disease, interstitial T cell and macrophage recruitment with the induction of an autoimmune response, with local angiotensin II formation and oxidant generation. These changes maintain intrarenal vasoconstriction and hypoxia with a change in local vasoconstrictor-vasodilator balance favoring sodium retention. Both genetic and congenital (nephron number) mechanisms have profound influence on this pathway. As blood pressure rises, renal ischemia is ameliorated and sodium balance restored completely (in salt-resistant) or partially (in salt-sensitive) hypertension, but at the expense of a rightward shift in the pressure natriuresis curve and persistent hypertension.
Candesartan but not ramipril pretreatment improves outcome after stroke and stimulates neurotrophin BNDF/TrkB system in rats

Objectives Drugs interfering with the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been shown to reduce the incidence of stroke in patients at risk and to afford neuroprotection in experimental brain ischemia. This study aimed to compare potential neuroprotective effects of systemic pretreatment with the angiotensin receptor blocker, candesartan, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor, ramipril, in normotensive Wistar rats after focal cerebral ischemia, with special emphasis on the regulation of neurotrophins. Methods Equipotent subcutaneous doses of candesartan and ramipril were determined via inhibition of pressor responses to intravenously injected angiotensin II (Ang II) or angiotensin I (Ang I), respectively. Accordingly, animals were treated with candesartan (0.1 mg/kg body weight, twice daily), ramipril (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg body weight, twice daily) or vehicle (0.9% saline, twice daily), respectively, 5 days prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion. Severity of stroke was estimated via infarct size [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 48 h after MCAO] and neurological outcome (24 h, 48 h after MCAO). Measurements of neurotrophins/receptors in brain tissue were performed 48 h after MCAO. Results Pretreatment with candesartan and ramipril (low dose) did not reduce blood pressure during MCAO, whereas ramipril high dose did. Candesartan, but not ramipril at any dose, significantly reduced stroke volume and improved neurological outcome. Poststroke mRNA and protein of the neurotrophin receptor, TrkB, were significantly elevated in animals treated with candesartan, but not ramipril. Conclusions Systemic pretreatment with a sub-hypotensive, RAS-blocking dose of candesartan affords neuroprotection after focal ischemia, associated with increased activity of the neurotrophin BDNF/TrkB system. Ramipril at sub-hypotensive and hypotensive, RAS-blocking doses showed no significant neuroprotective effects.
Effects of early growth on blood pressure of infants of British European and South Asian origin at one year of age: the Manchester children's growth and vascular health study

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate early influences of postnatal growth on blood pressure (BP) in healthy, British-born South Asian and European origin infants. We tested the hypotheses that South Asian infants would be smaller in all body dimensions (length and weight) with higher relative truncal skinfold thickness at birth, and that increased (central) adiposity and accelerated growth up to 1 year would be associated with higher BP in both ethnic groups. Patients and methods Five hundred and sixty infants were followed prospectively from birth to 3 and/or 12 months with measures of anthropometry and resting BP, compared against a UK 1990 growth reference, and analysed using regression methods. Results Marked differences in birth size persisted, as expected, between European and South Asian babies, but with a sexual dichotomy: South Asian boys were smaller in all anthropometric parameters (P < 0.001), including skinfolds (P < 0.05), than European boys, but South Asian girls, although smaller in length and weight, had similar skinfolds to European girls and thus a slightly larger subscapular skinfold thickness relative to birth weight [1.3 versus 1.2, mean difference 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0009–0.14, P = 0.047]. The dichotomy persisted postnatally; South Asian boys showed a striking early increase in weight and length compared with European boys, associated with significant accrual of subscapular fat (6.1 versus 5.3 mm, mean difference 0.8, 95% CI 0.3–1.3, P = 0.003). In gender and ethnicity adjusted regression models, infants with the largest weight standard deviation score (SDS) increases in the first 3 months had the highest 12-month systolic BP (β = 2.4, 95% CI 0.5–4.2, P = 0.01), while those with the greatest birth length (β = 0.7, 95% CI 0.05–1.4, P = 0.04) but the smallest changes in length over 3–12 months (β = −0.57, 95% CI −0.95 to −0.19, P = 0.004) had the highest diastolic BP. Conclusions Ethnic and gender differences in growth and adiposity present in early infancy include truncal fat preservation in South Asian girls from birth, which in boys is related to rapid early weight gain. Weight gain during the first 3 months appears to drive the rise in systolic BP to 1 year, itself a likely driver of later BP.
Comparison of Morphine and Remifentanil on the Duration of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation

Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, Gwangju; Division of Pulmonology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul; Department of Pulmonology, Kangreung Asan Medical Center, Kangreung; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University school of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon; University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea