Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Study on Collaborative based Marketing Sales Strategy

Deregulation of electricity markets throughout the world requires that markets be constructed so as to insure low prices and high efficiencies. However, the electricity markets are always oligopoly markets rather than being perfect competitive ones because of the special features of the power system such as a limited number of producers, large size of the investment (barrier to entry), transmission constraints which may isolate consumers from some generators, and transmission losses which may discourage consumers from purchasing from distant suppliers. Market power (MP) is the ability of a firm to raise its price significantly above the competitive price level and to maintain this high profitable price for a considerable period. This ability is usually linked to the size of the companies with respect to the whole market, which is known as market concentration. In this paper, we propose a method based on the SF in which the producers bid the slope of the SF to simulate the strategic bidding behaviour of producers under the network constraints with a DC power flow model. Different situations will be considered in order to analyse the different impacts on producer surplus and average weighted prices in network constrained electricity markets: the perfect competition without network constraints, the perfect competition with network constraints, the oligopoly condition with network constraints in which the line flow limit is unknown to producers when they bid strategically, and the oligopoly condition with network constraints in which the line flow limit is known to producers when they bid strategically.
The Merger of Medical Universities in Iran: Challenges and obstacles

Background: Three big medical universities were merged in Iran in 2010, but they separated again after 2.5 years. The purpose of this study was to identify the most important challenges of this merger. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 63 participants from April to September 2015. The data were analyzed via conventional content analysis method using MAXQDA10 software. Results: The merger of universities faced strategic, procedural, structural, contextual, and human resources' challenges. Factors such as the merger’s vision, goals, and motives, the stakeholders’ involvement, the merger announcement and time, interruption in service delivery, information systems, power balance, organizational structure, geographical distance, organizational culture, employees’ reaction, and education influenced the failure of this merger. Conclusion: Merger and acquisition require a well-designed plan for the effective and efficient use of resources to achieve the desired outcomes. Therefore, policymakers should involve universities’ managers and employees in decision-making process to achieve the best results.
Research on Innovation Efficiency Loss of State-owned Enterprises

In traditional view,it only emphasizes the productivity efficiency loss of state-owned enterprises,while ignores the innovation efficiency loss.Many qualitative studies have proved the technical innovation is the main factor affecting the efficiency of enterprises,but empirical tests are few.Therefore,in this study,we utilize Malmquist index method based on DEA to disaggregate,evaluate and test the innovation efficiency of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in 5 major Chinese high-tech industries.In the innovation efficiency comparison of sub-sector industry,it shows that except for aerospace vehicle manufacturing industry,the state-owned enterprises' innovation efficiency in all the industries is significantly lower than private enterprises'. Because the aerospace industry is basically state-owned enterprises,it's data comparability is poorer.In the innovation efficiency comparison of entire industries,it shows that the innovation efficiency of state-owned enterprises is generally lower than private enterprises.Excluding the data of aerospace vehicle manufacturing,the gap between them is more obvious.In a word,the state-owned enterprises have the problem of innovation efficiency loss.We find that rent-seeking is the main reason leading to innovation inefficient of state-owned enterprises.At last,we point out that China need to take the road of intensive innovation efficiency in the future by curbing rent-seeking activities of state-owned enterprises,increasing the market competition and stimulating entrepreneurial innovation ability.
Resolubilization of TCA precipitated plant proteins for 2‐D electrophoresis

In this short communication, a novel protocol for resolubilization of TCA‐precipitated plant proteins for 2‐DE is described. Guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn‐HCl) is used as an intermediate for protein solubilization in which proteins are reduced and alkylated with tributylphosphane (TBP) and 2‐vinylpyridine (2‐VP). The blocking of –SH groups at Cys residues can greatly improve the solubility of TCA‐precipitated proteins and obtain more high‐quality protein spots in the 2‐DE gel. This protocol is compatible with silver stain and MS identification.
Auctioning licenses to different quality firms

We consider a situation where firms differing in product quality compete for a limited resource like spectrum in an auction setting to compete in a duopoly aftermarket. Aftermarket is characterized by heterogeneous consumers who value different qualities differently. The two winning firms compete in prices given their qualities. This paper analyses the bidding behavior of different quality firms under different degrees of consumer heterogeneity. We argue that under the assumption of full market coverage, the firm with the highest quality and the firm with the lowest quality win the auction.
Low Levels of Usual Physical Activity Are Associated with Higher 24 h Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between usual physical activity and 24 h blood pressure (BP) profile in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a cross-sectional study of 151 participants with type 2 DM. Usual physical activity was assessed by step counting and self-reported questionnaire. BP was measured in office and by 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM; 24 h, daytime and nighttime). Mean participant age was 61.1 ± 8.4 years, 64% was women, and mean duration of diabetes was 14.3 ± 8.5 years. Ninety-two percent of participants had hypertension, and office BP was 138 ± 18/78 ± 10 mmHg. Inverse correlations were observed between step count and 24 h BP (systolic, r = −0.186; p = 0.022), daytime BP (systolic, r = −0.198; p = 0.015), and nighttime BP (pulse pressure, r = −0.190; p = 0.019). People were categorized into tertiles of daily step count, and the 1st tertile had higher 24 h systolic BP, daytime systolic BP, daytime mean BP, and daytime systolic BP load than those in the other tertiles, even after adjusting for age and HbA1c. Participants with type 2 DM and low levels of physical activity exhibit higher 24 h and daytime systolic ambulatory BP values as compared with those who performed more steps per day, even after adjustments for confounding factors.
Judgments of infant pain: the impact of caregiver identity and infant age.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether caregiver judgments of infant pain would vary systematically with different infant caregiver groups and infant age. METHODS A total of 123 caregivers (41 parents, 41 in patient nurses, 41 pediatricians) viewed videotapes of the vigorous behavioral responses of healthy infants (aged 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 months) to a routine immunization injection and provided ratings of both the affective distress and pain intensity observed. RESULTS A principal components analysis of affective and intensity ratings yielded a weighted pain summary score for each injection event. Older infants were attributed significantly more pain than younger infants, even though the vigor of the behavioral reactions was experimentally controlled across age groups. A profile analysis contrasting observer groups indicated that pediatricians attributed significantly lower levels of pain than parents, while nurses were intermediate to the other groups, not significantly differing from either group. These systematic differences in judgments were consistent across infant age groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal systematic sources of significant variations in observer judgments of infant pain. Despite an absence of differences in the behavioral reactions of the children, both the type of caregiver and their knowledge of the child's age systematically influenced attributions of pain to infants. This work suggests the important role of caregiver role variation and perceived developmental maturity as determinants of infant pain judgments and highlights potential areas of difficulty in controlling the unnecessary suffering of infants.
Molecular histogenesis of plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity

Summary. Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) of the oral cavity is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Although the lymphoma phenotype is consistent with late B‐cell maturation, the molecular histogenesis of PBL is unknown. We investigated PBL of the oral cavity (n = 12) for mutations of immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IgVH) and BCL‐6 genes, which are acquired by B cells at the time of germinal centre (GC) transit, and for expression of BCL‐6, MUM‐1 and CD138, which distinguish GC B cells from post‐GC B cells. Somatic IgVH hypermutation occurred in 4/10 PBL whereas 6/10 PBL displayed germline IgVH genes. Among PBL carrying hypermutated IgVH genes, the pattern of IgVH mutations was consistent with antigen stimulation in two cases. Mutations of the BCL‐6 gene were restricted to 1/12 patients with PBL of the oral cavity. All cases of PBL of the oral cavity displayed the BCL‐6–/MUM‐1+/CD138+ phenotype that is consistent with late stage of B‐cell differentiation. Overall, these data indicate that, despite a common phenotype and an apparently similar degree of differentiation, PBL of the oral cavity are characterized by histogenetic heterogeneity. A subset of PBL of the oral cavity carried the molecular clues of GC transit and conceivably originated from a B‐cell subset corresponding to post‐GC B cells. Conversely, another fraction of these lymphomas were devoid of somatic IgVH mutations and appeared to originate from naive B cells that have undergone preterminal differentiation independent of GC transit.
Introduction of the human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor in murine IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells restores responsiveness to IL-6.

To create experimental systems that facilitate studies aimed at the responsiveness of hematopoietic progenitors to interleukin (IL)-6 in combination with IL-3, we introduced the human IL-6 receptor (hIL-6R) into the IL-3-dependent cell line 32D. For this purpose, a retroviral vector containing the hIL-6R cDNA was constructed. 32D parental cells did not respond to IL-6, neither alone nor in combination with increasing concentrations of IL-3, and did not express detectable numbers of IL-6R as determined by 125I-IL-6 binding. 32D/hIL-6R cells expressed high-affinity IL-6 binding and responded synergistically to IL-6 in combination with suboptimal amounts of IL-3 in DNA synthesis assays. In addition, IL-6 promoted the short-term survival of IL-3-responsive clonogenic 32D/hIL-6R cells. On the other hand, although introduction of hIL-6R resulted in the formation of high-affinity IL-6 receptor structures in the IL-2-dependent thymocyte cell line CTLL, CTLL/hIL-6R cells did not respond to IL-6 in synergy with IL-2. We conclude that 32D cells possess the intracellular machinery permissive for IL-6 signal transduction. Murine IL-3-dependent cell lines with ectopic IL-6 receptors can serve as models for dissecting the molecular basis of IL-6 responses in primitive hematopoietic cells.
Heightened inflammation in severe malaria is associated with decreased IL-10 expression levels and neutrophils

Dysregulation of the cytokine network in severe malaria owing to variations in factors like parasite load, strains and host factors is well documented but the key cytokines that are dysregulated remain poorly elucidated. Longitudinal changes in cytokine levels in an individual with parasitemia and disease resolution is likely to identify the key cytokines. We have analyzed the mRNA expression of cytokines over a 7-d period in severe (SM) and uncomplicated (UM) Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We found up-regulated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TGF-β in SM, with decreased expression of IL-10 on d 0. Further, we observed a negative correlation of IL-10 expression with parasitemia and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting IL-10 to be the key cytokine in tilting the balance to an inflammatory response. Longitudinal analysis revealed that the key cytokines associated with disease were TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-12α, RANTES and TGF-β, while TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β discriminated between SM and UM. A higher neutrophil count in SM and its positive association with parasite density and IL-1β and IL-8 provides support for neutrophils in inflammation in malaria. Our findings suggest subversion of anti-inflammatory response in SM by parasite factors towards an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response with involvement of neutrophils, the classical inflammatory cells.
TOPOSES AND CATEGORIES IN QUANTUM THEORY AND GRAVITY

The topos theory is discussed from the physical point of view. Basic ideas of topos are presented and explained. The connection with algebras of classical and quantum observables, alternative concepts of space-time, theory of relativity and quantum gravity, the generalized histories approach to a quantum theory of the whole universe are reviewed. Using developed by the authors formalism of n-regular obstructed categories the concept of a topos is properly generalized.
Spatial Impulse Response Assessment in Room Acoustics Auralization

Ambisonic impulse responses (also known as the Spatial Impulse Responses) are getting more and more popular in many applications of room acoustics. Measuring, modeling, synthesizing, or simulating acoustics of interiors with emphasize on their spatial features are the examples. The present article shows a methodology of room acoustics auralization assessment using the ambisonics technology. A case study is shown for room acoustics capturing (measuring the Spatial Impulse Response) and reproducing with the use of a multi-channel sound system. An discussion and considerations about fidelity of such reconstruction is provided. Furthermore, a quantitative measure for the auralization quality is proposed. Also on-site experiments are described and their results presented to illustrate the theoretical considerations and outline options for future work. Obtained results show that most of the proposed quality factors meet the assumptions. After possible future modifications and additional research, the proposed methods could be used in evaluation of room acoustic auralization.
The Ethics of PGD: What About the Physician?

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Workforce Downsizing : Alternatives and Sustainable Strategies for Survivors ’

Aims to review the literature pertaining to downsizing with an emphasis on the organization level, and establish the sustainable strategy of downsizing, that is, guidelines to the successful implementation of downsizing activities. Addresses these objectives by examining first, how downsizing is defined in the literature reviewed, then discusses the different ways in which or measures by which organizations carry out downsizing activities and the reasons that prompt companies to downsize. Addresses the rationale utilized by firms to downsize, the expected outcomes in terms of economic and human consequences, the approaches to downsizing (reorientation and convergence) and specific strategies such as workforce reduction, work redesign and systemic strategy. Also downsizing tactics, human resources as assets vs. costs, planning, participation, leadership, communications, and support to victims/survivors are examined. Both laboratory experiments and empirical research concerning survivors’ reactions are explored. The role of trust of human resource professionals included in this process. Conclusions and recommendations complete the article. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 18-03-2019 Date of acceptance: 02-04-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pedophilia and Sexual Offenses against Children

Abstract This article reviews the definition and assessment of pedophilia, describes the relationship between pedophilia and sexual offenses against children, and provides an overview of our current theoretical understanding of the etiology of pedophilia. A great deal is known about the assessment of pedophilia—attributable to public and professional concerns regarding the empirical association between pedophilia and sexual offenses against children—but much remains to be learned about pedophilia, including its prevalence in the general population, cross-cultural manifestations, developmental trajectories, and causes. Recent research suggests that neurodevelopmental problems and childhood sexual abuse play a role in the etiology of pedophilia, but the mechanisms that are involved are unknown. Future directions for research on assessment methods and etiology are highlighted.
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS USING 87 SR / 86 SR RATIOS , EOCENE GREEN RIVER FORMATION , WYOMING ,

The reconstruction of detailed, basin-scale depositional histories from sedimentary rocks fundamentally depends on the availability of reliable time markers. Unlike marine strata, lacustrine strata typically lack rapidly evolving, cosmopolitan fauna or flora that might serve this purpose. Depending on their geologic context, lacustrine strata may also lack tephras that could provide isochronous markers or radioisotopic age. Variations in Sr/Sr ratios could potentially provide an alternative means of chronostratigraphic correlation for carbonate-rich lake deposits, based on the hypothesis that Sr isotopes are well mixed in a lake and do not experience significant fractionation. To test this hypothesis we measured Sr/Sr ratios in 114 samples from two drill cores of the upper Wilkins Peak Member from the Green River Formation that are located ~ 23 km apart. These cores can be independently correlated using distinctive tephras and organic-carbon rich mudstone horizons. Measured Sr/Sr ratios range from 0.71154 to 0.71504, and vary inversely with lake-water depth, as interpreted by sedimentary lithofacies characteristics. Lower ratios of Sr/Sr are found in lithofacies deposited during lake highstands, which are marked by laminated dark-gray mudstone and elevated organic-carbon enrichment (as measured by Fischer Assay analysis). Higher Sr/Sr ratios occur in lithofacies deposited during lake lowstands, which are marked by organic-lean gray-green mudstone. Sr/Sr in approximately time-equivalent samples from the two cores show a strong positive correlation (r 1⁄4 0.68), despite the likely presence of small temporal mismatches between approximately correlative samples. We conclude that lake-water was consistently well mixed with respect to Sr across distances of at least 23 km. These results suggest that Sr/Sr can serve as a powerful tool to aid highresolution chronostratigraphic correlation of lake deposits.
Investigation of an optical sensor for small angle detection

In this article, we describe the evaluation result of the characteristics of the angle sensor based on laser autocollimation method especially focused on the result about the evaluation of the relationship between the sensor sensitivity and measurement point of the target. The sensor consists of a laser diode (LD) as the light source, and a quadrant photo diode (QPD) as the position-sensing detector, and it requires a light-reflecting flat surface like a small plane mirror as a target. This optical system has advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, quick response and the ability for 2-axis angle detection. Generally, the angle sensor only responds angular displacement of the target mirror, so the characteristics of the angle sensor such as sensor sensitivity are not influenced by the position of the target even if the target moves along with the optical axis. On the other hand, the sensor sensitivity could be changed according to the position of the target. Main error components that influence the sensor sensitivity are proposed and the optimal conditions of the optical system of the sensor are analyzed. The experimental result about evaluation of the working distance is also presented.
Mapping to optimal regions; A new method for multi-class classification task to reduce complexity

Classification of data is an important problem which has attracted many researchers to introduce new approaches. In this paper, we propose Mapping to Optimal Regions (MOR) as a new method for multi-class classification task to reduce computational and memory complexities. It requires only one simple mapping from input space to optimal regions. The optimal domain is estimated using a multi objective cost function to increase the region size and the generalization ability of the mapping and to reduce the mapping error. Finally, the centers of optimal regions are determined with respect to the optimal size of the regions and the code assignment process which reduces the effect of inappropriate labeling. A Hierarchical version of MOR (HMOR) is presented for datasets with high number of classes or low dimensional feature spaces. By taking the advantage of MOR, the complexity reduces significantly in comparison to the other classifiers.