Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Two‐Bin Policy for Inventory Systems with Differentiated Demand Classes

We consider an inventory system under continuous review with two demand classes that are different in terms of service level required (or penalty cost incurred for backordering of demand). Prior literature has proposed the critical level rationing (CLR) policy under which the demand from the lower priority class is backordered once inventory falls below the critical level. While this reduces the penalty cost for the higher demand class, the fill rate achieved for the lower priority demand class gets compromised. In this study, we propose a new class of two‐bin (2B) policy for the problem. The proposed 2B policy assigns separate bins of inventory for the two demand classes. The demand for each class is fulfilled from its assigned bin. However, when the bin intended for the higher demand class is empty, the demand from the higher class can still be fulfilled with the inventory from the other bin. The advantage of the 2B policy is that better fill rates are achieved, especially for the lower demand class. Computational results show that the proposed policy is able to provide a much higher service level for the lower priority class demand without increasing the total cost too much and without affecting the service level for the higher priority class. When a service level constrained optimization problem is considered, the 2B policy dominates the CLR policy when the service level difference for the two classes is not too high or the service levels required for both the classes are relatively lower.
On diversity effects of alternative agricultural policy reforms in Finland: An agricultural sector modelling approach

The European Union has decided to reform its agricultural policy and decouple Common Agricultural Policy support partially from production. The aim of this study is to predict the diversity effects of agricultural policy reforms in which direct aid payments are disconnected from production, and compare the outcomes with the effects of a policy in which Common Agricultural Policy support is coupled to production. The study employs a dynamic regional sector model of Finnish agriculture. The sector model predicts regional agricultural land use, numbers of livestock, stocking densities, pesticide application areas, and nutrient balances. Diversity of agricultural land use is measured by Shannon’s diversity index. The results indicate that if agricultural support is independent from production, the amount of fallow land will increase considerably in the future. This will decrease the diversity of agricultural land use at landscape level, but may not be harmful at species level since green fallow has some positive effects, especially on the densities and abundance of farmland birds. Instead, the decrease in bovine animals is likely to run down biological diversity, since it simplifies crop rotation and diminishes grazing.
Towards Mining Comprehensive Android Sandboxes

Android is the most widely used mobile operating system with billions of users and devices. The popularity of Android apps have enticed malware writers to target them. Recently, Jamrozik et al. proposed an approach, named Boxmate, to mine sandboxes to protect Android users from malicious behaviors. In a nutshell, Boxmate analyzes the execution of an app, and collects a list of sensitive APIs that are invoked by that app in a monitoring phase. Then, it constructs a sandbox that can restrict accesses to sensitive APIs not called by the app. In such a way, malicious behaviors that are not observed in the monitoring phase - occurring, for example, due to malicious code injection during an attack - can be prevented. Nevertheless, Boxmate only focuses on a specific API type (i.e., sensitive APIs); it also ignores parameter values of many API methods and requested permissions during the execution of a target app. As a result, Boxmate is not able to detect malicious behaviors in many cases. In this work, we address the limitation of Jamrozik et al.'s work by considering input parameters of many different types of API methods for mining a more comprehensive sandbox. Given a benign app, we first extract a list of Android permissions that the app may request during its execution. Next, we leverage an automated test case generation tool, named Droidbot, to generate a rich set of GUI test cases for exploring behaviors of the app. During the execution of these test cases, we analyze the execution of four different types of API methods. Furthermore, we record input parameters to these API methods, and classify those into four different categories. We leverage the collected parameter values, and the list of requested permissions to create a sandbox that can protect users from malicious behaviors. Our experiments on 25 pairs of real benign and malicious apps show that our approach is more effective than the coarse-and fine-grained variants of Boxmate by 267.37% and 81.64% in terms of F-measure respectively.
The Prevalence of Depression and its Relationship to Health Related Quality of Life among Prostate Cancer Patients in Tertiary Centres, Kuala Lumpur

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of depression and its relationship with health related quality of life among prostate cancer patients in tertiary medical centres, Kuala Lumpur. Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Surgical Clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre over a period of fifteen months. Depression level was measured using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the health related quality of life was measured using the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results: The prevalence of depression was 11.9% (95% CI: 7.0 – 17.0). The total quality of life for non-depression group was 72.30 ± 13.38 and depression group was 54.11 ± 14.59. All the domains in the health related quality of life and coefficient summaries showed significant differences. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in the physical coefficient summary (p < 0.001), mental coefficient summary (p < 0.001) and total quality of life (p = 0.002) among groups with different depression status. In multivariate analysis, the adjusted mean score of the quality of life was associated with age category of the patients (p = 0.012), urinary complaint of hematuria (p = 0.009) and history of orchidectomy (p = 0.023). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among prostate cancer patients was relatively low. Treatment of the urination and prostate related problems may improve the quality of life among prostate cancer patients with depression.
Occupational Choice, Aggregate Productivity, and Trade

We propose occupational decisions of heterogeneous individuals as an alternative mechanism of explaining the distribution of firm productivities emphasized by empirical studies. Thus, we integrate the frameworks of Melitz (2003), and of Manasse and Turrini (2001) that establish the theoretical base of trade models with heterogeneous firms. Our model is technically much simpler than the Melitz approach while preserving the main results on firm-selection effects due to international market integration. Our approach paves the way for detailed analysis of institutions in a heterogeneous firm model to better understand the link between institutions and an economy’s productivity distribution.
Local influence diagnostics for generalized linear mixed models with overdispersion

ABSTRACT Since the seminal paper by Cook and Weisberg [9], local influence, next to case deletion, has gained popularity as a tool to detect influential subjects and measurements for a variety of statistical models. For the linear mixed model the approach leads to easily interpretable and computationally convenient expressions, not only highlighting influential subjects, but also which aspect of their profile leads to undue influence on the model's fit [17]. Ouwens et al. [24] applied the method to the Poisson-normal generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Given the model's nonlinear structure, these authors did not derive interpretable components but rather focused on a graphical depiction of influence. In this paper, we consider GLMMs for binary, count, and time-to-event data, with the additional feature of accommodating overdispersion whenever necessary. For each situation, three approaches are considered, based on: (1) purely numerical derivations; (2) using a closed-form expression of the marginal likelihood function; and (3) using an integral representation of this likelihood. Unlike when case deletion is used, this leads to interpretable components, allowing not only to identify influential subjects, but also to study the cause thereof. The methodology is illustrated in case studies that range over the three data types mentioned.
OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR COST EFFECTIVE BMP PLACEMENT AT A WATERSHED SCALE 1

ABSTRACT: A combinatorial optimization procedure for best management practice (BMP) placement at the watershed level facilitates selection of cost effective BMP scenarios to control non point source (NFS) pollution. A genetic algorithm (GA) was selected from among several optimization heuristics. The GA combines an optimization component written in the C++ language with spatially variable NFS pollution prediction and economic analysis components written within the Arc View geographic information system. The procedure is modular in design, allowing for component modifications while maintaining the basic conceptual framework. An objective function was developed to lexicographically optimize pollution reduction followed by cost increase. Scenario cost effectiveness is then calculated for scenario comparisons. The NPS pollutant fitness score allows for evaluation of multiple pollutants, based on prioritization of each pollutant. The economic component considers farm level public and private costs, cost distribution, and land area requirements. Development of a sediment transport function, used with the Universal Soil Loss Equation, allows the optimization procedure to run within a reasonable timeframe. The procedure identifies multiple near optimal solutions, providing an indication of which fields have a more critical impact on overall cost effectiveness and flexibility in the final solution selected for implementation. The procedure was demonstrated for a 1,014‐ha watershed in the Ridge and Valley physiographic region of Virginia.
Scene Text Recognition Using Part-Based Tree Structured Models and Linguistic Knowledge

: Scene text recognition has nice interests from the computer vision society in recent years. In this paper, a unique scene text-recognition methodology is proposed, which is an integration of structure-guided character detection and linguistic knowledge. In this paper, a part-based tree structure is used to model each and every category of characters to detect and recognize characters at the same time. Since the character models make use of each the native appearance and global structure information, so the detection results are more reliable. For word recognition, combine the detection scores and language model into the posterior probability of character sequence from the Bayesian decision view. The final word-recognition result's obtained by increasing the character sequence posterior probability via Viterbi algorithm. Experimental results on a spread of difficult public datasets demonstrate that the projected methodology achieves progressive performance each for character detection and word recognition.
OP24.01: Cystic ovarian structures in the peri‐ and postmenopause: simple ultrasound prognostic factors

indication was increased NT. We excluded 24 cases of failed of cell culture or loss of follow up. Of these 174 procedures, a complete follow-up was obtained by a review of medical records and phonecall. Addition to fetal karyotyping these patients were managed with follow-up scans at 20–22 weeks, fetal echocardiography and in selected cases by infection screening. Especially our data set substantiates that additional MLPA analyses for further genetic syndrome. Results: Overall 69 (69/174, 39.66%) cases of chromosomal abnormalities were detected. In 105 (60.34%) with the normal karyotyping results, there were 8 (7.61%) abortions or FUID and 6 (5.71%) terminations of pregnancy. In the 91 (86.66%) survivors, 9 (8.57%) had abnormalities requiring medical or surgical treatment. The chance of a live-birth with no defects in the group with normal ultrasonographic findings was 71 (67.62%), for those with abnormal or suspicious ultrasonographic findings was 11 (10.48%). Moreover, microdeletions rate is 1.90%(2/105), all cases terminated of pregnancy. Conclusions: Grossly 47.13% (82/174) of cases with increased NT had a live-birth with no defects and chromosomal abnormality. Offering the parents the option for fetal karyotyping, the finding of increased translucency should stimulate the search for other fetal defects by detailed ultrasonography and special microdeletions study. If these results are normal features, physicians give a relief to parents and postnatal pediatric follow up should be arranged.
Accurate and simple calibration of DLP projector systems

Much work has been devoted to the calibration of optical cameras, and accurate and simple methods are now available which require only a small number of calibration targets. The problem of obtaining these parameters for light projectors has not been studied as extensively and most current methods require a camera and involve feature extraction from a known projected pattern. In this work we present a novel calibration technique for DLP Projector systems based on phase shifting profilometry projection onto a printed calibration target. In contrast to most current methods, the one presented here does not rely on an initial camera calibration, and so does not carry over the error into projector calibration. A radial interpolation scheme is used to convert features coordinates into projector space, thereby allowing for a very accurate procedure. This allows for highly accurate determination of parameters including lens distortion. Our implementation acquires printed planar calibration scenes in less than 1s. This makes our method both fast and convenient. We evaluate our method in terms of reprojection errors and structured light image reconstruction quality.
Being inside the image: heightening the sense of presence in a video captured environment through artistic means

This paper explores the use of omni-directional video, a high impact immersive medium, by a performance group and multi-disciplinary team of artists and scientists. CREW develops artistic strategies from and for this technology that lead to unprecedented levels of presence and intimacy as well as novel ways of mixing and experiencing different levels of reality. We argue that sensorial deprivation is a key element in creating a sense of presence in a video-captured world and use synaesthetic negociation as a concept to describe our tendency to unify the different sensorial stimuli to a coherent and meaningful experience. In reconfiguring the overall sensory, mixing physical stimuli with live and prerecorded stimuli, different levels of reality seem to blur, opening up the embodied experience of a transitional environment. Although these findings were not derived from a scientific research set-up in the traditional sense, we argue that the artistic practice as performed in close collaboration with scientists offer particular insights to the research on presence. Keyword--Immersive Technology, Performance, Virtual Environment, Sensorial Deprivation, Embodiment, Transitional Space
Factors associated with early fistula failure : how to improve it

Introduction: Around the world, risk factors for fistula failure have been considered in vascular access planning in order to improve results. However, primary fistula failure rates seem to be increasing. Considering this, we conducted a study to identify relevant factors for early fistula failure in a Portuguese cohort with end-stage kidney disease. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective case-control study which included patients from a hospital center who underwent fistula construction between 2012 and 2015. Patients with fistula failure at 6 weeks were matched with consecutive controls in a proportion of 1:1. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with early complications. Results: Total of 100 predialysis patients with fistula failure at 6 weeks. Mean age of 67.7±11.9 years; most were women (n=54). Factors associated with overall risk of complications were distal location of fistula (OR 2.8; p<0.05) and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.8; p<0.05). Congestive heart failure (OR 7.2; p=0.06) was associated with a tendency for greater risk of inflow complications. Conclusions: In this cohort, despite improvements in vascular access planning, traditional risk factors still have a significant impact on fistula outcomes. The role of “new” factors is still undefined and further studies are needed. An adequate patient education, an organized vascular access program with nurses, nephrologists and surgeons with expertise, with systematic use of Doppler ultrasound, are key factors for better outcomes.
Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage

The electronic properties of dioxygen are discussed with reference to its reactions in biological systems. In particular, the importance of its reduction to the superoxide ion is stressed. The physical and chemical properties of the superoxide ion are described and their relevance to its function in biochemical processes is emphasized. The relationship to other intermediates such as the hydroxyl radical is discussed. It is a truism that molecular oxygen (or dioxygen as it is properly called) is an oxidant. Most elements and the majority of compounds, including those in living organisms, are thermodynamically unstable with respect to oxidation by dioxygen. Fortunately there exists a significant kinetic constraint on dioxygen in its role as an oxidant. The electronic structure of dioxygen (Fee & Valentine 1977 ; Hill 1978) is conveniently described by the one-electron molecular orbital diagram (Fig. 1) which indicates that the ground state, 3Cg-, has two unpaired electrons, a reflection of the Pauli Principle. In contrast the first two excited states, A, and lZg, have all electrons paired, as indeed do most other compounds. This crucial difference between dioxygen and most other molecules provides a kinetic barrier to reaction since a concomitant change in spin state is required and this change is slow relative to the lifetime of the collision complex. These constraints do not apply to reactions with single electrons, hydrogen atoms or other atoms or molecules containing unpaired electrons. The chemistry of dioxygen is, therefore, mostly a chemistry of one-electron transfer reactions, and hence our interest in oxygen radicals. The successive addition of electrons to dioxygen generates the intermediates shown in Fig. 2. The relationship between these molecules is succinctly encapsulated in the oxidation-state diagram (Fig. 3), which provides a convenient method of displaying the oxidation-reduction potentials, measured relative to the element in its standard state. The more positive the gradient of
Task Integration for Knowledge Workers: Especially those Involved in Multiple Collaborative Activities

One approach to overcoming the information overload that bedevils much collaborative work is to move towards an activity focus in the next generation of groupware tools. This implies a need to integrate and categorize all the activities, including tasks, which each user is required to do. This paper describes an ongoing research programme to address this need. An architectural model for future developments is proposed, and some prototypes developed by the author’s research team are described.
A Type-Logical Approach to Japanese Potential Constructions

Potential constructions have long attracted much attention in Japanese Linguistics, mainly focusing on the case alternation of object NPs. I will point out some important characteristics of the constructions they have missed and propose a completely new analysis from a view point of logical grammar. First, we show significant differences between potential and passive sentences which have been assumed to been projected from one and the same suffix –rare ‘can’. I suggest that these two uses must be distinguished at least in contemporary Japanese. Our type-logical approach to unbounded dependencies has an empirical coverage broader than traditional and generative grammatical approaches and can explain the fact that various arguments including adjuncts can be marked with nominative. We also examine interesting interactions of case alternation with scope alternation.
Map perception: theories and research in the second half of the twentieth century

Abstract Until the 1990s map perception research was one of the main parts of cartography as a scientific discipline. In the last years of the century map perception research fell out of favor as cartographers turned their attention to the new computer technology. In the first decade of the 21th century the problems of map perception became more frequent in cartographic journals. The article recaps the main problems, theories and research conducted in the twentieth century. The main concepts connected with map perception are discussed: use, utilization, reception and interpretation. These terms are used differently in different research orientations. The author assumes that the terms: reception, reading and perception are unambiguous and perception should be treated as a complex of active and highly interactive processes, leading to identification and understanding of the visible image. The relation of perception research with theory of cartography are presented in three stages of development of the research. In the first, intuitive stage, very important role played eminent cartographers Max Eckert and Karl Peucker, who appreciated the role of human perception in cartography. The second stage began with the research initiated by A.H. Robinson in the 1950s. In the stage perceptual research contributed to the physical aspects of cartographic signs and the psychophysical orientation emerged. Perception has been accepted as an element of cartographic communication theory, modeling theory and cartographic semiotics. The third stage of perceptual research emerged as a result of criticism of empirical research effects. Cartographers turned to methods and theories of cognitive psychology and cognitive orientation was a main paradigm of the research. Perception is perceived as one of the elements of the human cognitive system and considered in the context of higher lever cognitive processes, participating in cartographic information processing. Two methodological approaches can be set apart: theoretical and experimental. In the theoretical approach the processing succession is considered and some models of cartographic processing models were presented. The first decade of the 21st century opens a new stage of perceptual research. It can be named cognitive-digital as the research is based on computer software and is concentrated on cognitive aspects of map perception.