Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technology Gap and Catching up in Economies Based on Natural Resources: The Case of Chile

Many developing countries have defined successful catching-up strategies based on knowledge and capabilities upgrading. However, this is a path dependent country-specific process that may turn more complex in economies based on natural resources (NR). This paper adopts a knowledge-based economy approach to analyze the key dimensions of catching up applied to the Chilean experience. Results allow us to identify development drivers and to derive policy implications that can be generalized to other catching-up economies. The main contribution is to show how openness and some physical production factors become basic determinants of convergence for NR-based countries due to foreign technologies and knowledge absorption opportunities, while national innovation capabilities and the unequal income distribution are still serious weaknesses.
Disruption of the Trichoderma reesei cbh2 gene coding for cellobiohydrolase II leads to a delay in the triggering of cellulase formation by cellulose

The role of the major conidial-bound cellulase - cellobiohydrolase I1 (CBH 11) - in the triggering of cellulase formation in the fungus Trichodkrma reesei was investigated by comparing the mutant strain QM 9414 with a recombinant strain unable to produce CBH 11. For this purpose, the cbh2 gene was isolated from a chromosomal gene bank of T. reesei, cloned into pGEM-7Zf( + ), and disrupted by insertion of the homologouspyr4 gene in its coding region to yield the plasmid vector pSB3. Transformation of the auxotrophic, pyr4-negative strain T. reesei TU-6 with pSB3 yielded 23 stable prototrophs, of which three were unable to produce CBH I1 - assessed by means of a monoclonal antibody - during growth on lactose or in the presence of sophorose. However, they formed cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) at a rate comparable to strain QM 9414 under these conditions. Southern analysis of DNA of some CBH 11- and CBH 11+ transformants confirmed that pSB3 had integrated at the cbh2 locus in the CBH 11- strains. The latter displayed normal growth on glucose or maltose as carbon source. They showed retarded growth on cellulose as sole carbon source, however, and exhibited a lag in the time course of CBH I and EG I formation, although producing roughly the same final cellulase activities. It is concluded from these results that CBH I1 is not essential for induction of cellulase formation by cellulose, but that it contributes significantly to the formation of lower molecular mass inducers in the early phase of growth of the fungus on cellulose.
Live-Vessel : Minimal Path Methods for Interactive Medical Image Segmentation

Medical image analysis is a ubiquitous and essential part of modem health care. A crucial first step to this is segmentation, which is often complicated by many factors including subject diversity, pathology, noise corruption, and poor image resolution. Traditionally, manual tracing by experts was done. While considered accurate, this process is time consuming and tedious, especially when performed slice-by-slice on three-dimensional (3D) images over large datasets or on two-dimensional (2D) but topologically complicated images such as a retinography. On the other hand, fullyautomated methods are typically faster, but work best with data-dependent, carefully tuned parameters and still require user validation and refinement. This thesis contributes to the field of medical image segmentation by proposing a highly-automated, interactive approach that effectively merges user knowledge and efficient computing. To this end, our work focuses on graph-based methods and offer globally optimal solutions. First, we present a novel method for 3D segmentation based on a 3D Livewire approach. This approach is an extension of the 2D Livewire framework, and this method is capable of handling objects with large protrusions, concavities, branching, and complex arbitrary topologies. Second, we propose a method for efficiently segmenting 2D vascular networks, called ‘Live-Vessel’. Live-Vessel simultaneously extracts vessel centrelines and boundary points, and globally optimizes over both spatial variables and vessel radius. Both of our proposed methods are validated on synthetic data, real medical data, and are shown to be highly reproducible, accurate,
CMB anisotropies from vector perturbations in the bulk

The vector perturbations induced on the brane by gravitational waves propagating in the bulk are studied in a cosmological framework. Cosmic expansion arises from the brane motion in a non-compact five-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime. By solving the vector perturbation equations in the bulk, for generic initial conditions, we find that they give rise to growing modes on the brane in the Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre era. Among these modes, we exhibit a class of normalizable perturbations, which are exponentially growing with respect to conformal time on the brane. The presence of these modes is, at least, strongly constrained by the current observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We estimate the anisotropies they induce in the CMB, and derive quantitative constraints on the allowed amplitude of their primordial spectrum. Our results provide stringent constraints for all braneworld models with bulk inflation.
BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE GENUS Ovis USING STR AND SNP MARKERS

Introgression of wild and domestic species is regarded as a promising way to improve genetic diversity in populations of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of introgression of the wild species (argali) on genetic diversity of interspecific hybrids with domestic sheep using STR and SNP markers. Samples included original parental forms: Romanov sheep (ROM, n = 35), representing the «domestic» form (Ovis aries), and argali (OAM, n = 10), characterizing the «wild» form (O. ammon polii), male hybrid F1, obtained by surgical insemination of Romanov ewe by argali sperm (F1, n = 1), and back crosses obtained by crossing Romanov ewes with hybrid F1 ram (BC1, n = 38) and hybrid BC1 rams (BC2, n = 14). The analysis of 11 STR loci (BLT001B, CSRD247, FCB20, CSAP36, MAF65, McM147, OarCP49, D5S2, HSC, BMS2213 and INRA23) was carried out on the ABI PRISM 3130xl genetic analyzer. For SNP genotyping we used Ovine SNP50K BeadChip. After quality control, 9 STR loci and 8591 SNPs were left for the analysis. Statistical calculations were performed in GenAIEx 6.5, PLINK v1.07, HP-Rare 1.1, GENETIX 4.05 and STRUCTURE 2.3. 4. Regardless the type of DNA marker, ROM, compared with OAM, was characterized by a higher level of genetic diversity, assessed by observed heterozygosity (Ho) and allelic richness (Ar). Hybridization resulted in an increase in this parameter in the F1 hybrid. In groups BC1 and BC2, the Ho values, calculated per STR and SNP, were higher than similar in the parental forms. In BC1 and BC2 groups the Ar values, estimated by SNP-markers, were reducing in comparison with F1 and were intermediate in comparison with the same in the parental forms. The changes in the Ar values, based on STR data, had the character of a trend in groups BC1 and BC2. Principal component analysis (PCA), performed by using SNP-markers, showed a more objective distribution pattern of the studied animals according to their origin in the coordinates space. In case of SNP data, PC1 was sufficient for clearly differentiation of groups OAM, ROM, F1 and BC1 + BC2. In summary, the first two components (PC1 and PC2) were responsible for 25.87 % of the SNP variability and for only 12.46 % of the STR variability. Principal component 3 (PC3), which was responsible for 6.16 % of SNP variability, made it possible to differentiate BC1 and BC2 groups, whereas at the application of STR these groups were localized as a common cluster. The results of STRUCTURE analysis showed that association of the investigated individuals into clusters, based on STR-profiles, did not match their origin, while the formation of clusters by SNP-markers was corresponded to the actual origin of animals. We found that both types of tested DNA markers were suitable for detecting changes in genetic diversity through hybrids generation. Nevertheless, a significant advantage of using multiple SNP-markers for the differentiation of hybrids from the parental forms was shown.
The car with N Trailers : characterization of the singular configurations

In this paper we study the problem of the car with N trailers. It was proved in previous works ([9], [12]) that when each trailer is perpendicular with the previous one the degree of nonholonomy is F n+3 (the (n+3)-th term of the Fibonacci's sequence) and that when no two consecutive trailers are perpendicular this degree is n+2. We compute here by induction the degree of non holonomy in every state and obtain a partition of the singular set by this degree of non-holonomy. We give also for each area a set of vector fields in the Lie Algebra of the control system wich makes a basis of the tangent space.
A growth model with time allocation and social participation

In this article we propose a model of growth with human capital accumulation, in which individuals allocate their time among work, education and socio-political participation. Socio-political participation, while subtracting time to education, positively affects individual’s utility; the utility function depends on both consumption and time allocated to socio-political participation. The model is expanded to include two social groups, specifically women and men, whose values and targets are different; every individual engages in socio-political activities to socially establish the values of the group she/he belongs to and his utility will be greater the more the society has values similar to those of the belonging group. The model predicts that economies with a more egualitarian presence of females and males in employment and higher population growth rates converge to a stationary state where time allocated to working activities is lower and time for education is higher. We simulate the model on some European countries with different female/male employment rates, population growth rates and capital shares. Simulations confirm the empirical evidence: European countries with a more equal presence of women and men in the labour market experience higher education attainment rates, allocate a higher proportion of time to social participation, and work, on average, a lower number of hours than countries with a lower relative proportion of females in employment.
range between − 2 ◦ and 85 ◦

Using the HEGRA system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, one quarter of the Galactic plane (−2◦ < l < 85◦) was surveyed for TeV gamma-ray emission from point sources and moderately extended sources (Ø ≤ 0.8◦). The region covered includes 86 known pulsars (PSR), 63 known supernova remnants (SNR) and nine GeV sources, representing a significant fraction of the known populations. No evidence for emission of TeV gamma radiation was detected, and upper limits range from 0.15 Crab units up to several Crab units, depending on the observation time and zenith angles covered. The ensemble sums over selected SNR and pulsar subsamples and over the GeV-sources yield no indication of emission from these potential sources. The upper limit for the SNR population is 6.7% of the Crab flux and for the pulsar ensemble is 3.6% of the Crab flux.
Application of Demand Response Programs to Heavy Industries: a Case Study on a Regional Electric Company

In recent years, incremental rate of electrical demands made many challenges for policy makers of power systems. Besides, due to economic crisis and environmental concerns about the air pollution, the new investments in thermal power generation units have experienced a noticeable reduction. For this reason, the power system operators should propose novel approaches to make a balance between incremental rate of electrical demand and decreased rate of generation expansion planning. In this paper, in order to hedge against the aforementioned problem, Demand Response Programs (DRPs) are proposed to control the electrical demands of heavy industries which consume a considerable part of electrical demands in peak durations. In this regard, two types of incentive-based demand response programs, including spinning reserve and curtailable load program, are addressed to decrease the need of new investments in power generation during peak hours. In order to show applicability and proficiency of the proposed approach, a case study containing 23 numbers of heavy industries of Khorasan Regional Electric Company (KREC) is addressed to participate in the proposed demand response programs in summer 2016.
On Resonance in Periodically Forced Oscillators and Coupled Systems of Excitable Systems and Nonlinear Oscillators

We analyze some mathematical problems that arise in studies of phenomena observed in the cardiac action. We illustrate a method to characterize the response of a nonlinear oscillator to an external forcing, and introduce some numerical results. We also introduce some results of numerical computation in an example of a coupled system of an excitable system and a nonlinear oscillator.
Dispersal and diversity – unifying scale‐dependent relationships within the neutral theory

e response of species diversity to dispersal capability is inherently scale-dependent: increasing dispersal capability is expected to increase diversity at the local scale, while decreasing diversity at the metacommunity scale. However, these expectations are based on model formulations that neglect dispersal limitation and species segregation at the local scale. We developed a unifying framework of dispersal‐diversity relationships and tested the generality of these expectations. For this purpose we used a spatially-explicit neutral model with various combinations of survey area (local scale) and landscape size (metacommunity scale). Simulations were conducted using landscapes of finite and of conceptually infinite size. We analyzed the scale-dependence of dispersal‐diversity relationships for exponentially-bounded versus fat-tailed dispersal kernels, several levels of speciation rate and contrasting assumptions on recruitment at short dispersal distances. We found that the ratio of survey area to landscape size is a major determinant of dispersal‐diversity relationships. With increasing survey-to-landscape area ratio the dispersal‐diversity relationship switches from monotonically increasing through a U-shaped pattern (with a local minimum) to a monotonically decreasing pattern. erefore, we provide a continuous set of dispersal‐diversity relationships, which contains the response shapes reported previously as extreme cases. We suggest the mean dispersal distance with the minimum of species diversity (minimizing dispersal distance) for a certain scenario as a key characteristic of dispersal‐diversity relationships. We show that not only increasing mean dispersal distances, but also increasing variances of dispersal can enhance diversity at the local scale, given a diverse species pool at the metacommunity scale. In conclusion, the response of diversity to variations of dispersal capability at spatial scales of interest, e.g. conservation areas, can di"er more widely than expected previously. erefore, land use and conservation activities, which manipulate dispersal capability, need to consider the landscape context and potential species pools carefully.
Why are Reforms incomplete? Reputation versus the "need for enemies"

Why do Politicians not solve social problems? One reason may be that such problems are difficult to solve, or that Politicians are incompetent. But there is another reason: in representative democracies, competent Politicians sometimes lack the incentive to solve problems to keep their enemies alive, in order to conserve an electoral advantage. This paper shows that reputational strengths can, to some extent, circumvent Politicians incentives not to address the problems. If the reputation of an incumbent Politician depends on the amount of reforms he implements, and positively affects his probability of being reelected, the trade-off between reputation and the need for enemies leads to an incomplete set of reforms, which can handle only a part of the problems. This mechanism might contribute to the explanation of the high degree of persistence of some social or economic diseases such as, specifically, public indebtedness.
Depreciation Rates for Australian Tractors and Headers - Is Machinery Depreciation a Fixed or Variable Cost?

Seven different remaining value functions for tractors and harvesters were estimated using data from advertised prices for used farm equipment. The generalised Box-Cox model was used to nest six of the seven functions. The more complex Box- Cox function explained the data better, but simpler models such as the sum-of-theyears- digits, or double-square root models were no different and were easier to manipulate to estimate depreciation rates and costs. There were up to three components of depreciation, drive-away, age and use related, depending on functional form. Drive-away depreciation is the immediate loss in value of a machine due to purchase, in some models this depreciation was higher than either age or use related depreciation. When drive-away depreciation was treated as a separate cost or when there was no drive-away depreciation, due to functional form, age and use depreciation costs were approximately equal.
Pulmonary vein isolation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest arrhythmia in humans and is associated with marked reduction in quality of life and an elevated thromboembolic risk. Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent forms of AF have been recognized. Whilst antiarrhythmic drugs are considered as first-line therapy, the role of catheter ablation is increasing due to its superior efficacy in terms of quality of life and reduction in AF burden. The central paradigm for catheter ablation of AF is that triggers for AF are located near and within the pulmonary veins (PVs), and elec- trical isolation of the PVs from the left atrium forms the cornerstone of most catheter ablation strategies. Whilst paroxysmal form is generally trigger dependent, persistent and permanent forms are associated with variable interaction between triggers and "substrate" comprised of atrial and PV electrical and structural remodeling. Nevertheless, isolation of the PVs still forms a critical component of catheter ablation strategies, regardless of AF type. Procedural efficacy, however, is limited by PV conduction recovery. This is likely due to deficiencies in ablation tools or limitations of intraprocedural assessment of lesion efficacy. Careful attention to sur - rogates of tissue heating, such as impedance decrease and electrogram morphology changes, along with advances in catheter technology like contact force catheters may improve rates of durable PV isolation and single-procedural success. This review discusses the mechanism of paroxysmal AF with particular focus on the role of the PVs in AF initiation and PV isolation in the management of AF.
Biological Motion and Human Morphology Prime Infants' Categorization of Basic-Level Categories

Biological motion and human morphology prime infants’ categorization of basic-level categories Kristyn Wright Infants as young as 9 months of age categorize objects at a global level of inclusiveness (i.e., animals versus vehicles [Mandler & McDonough, 1993; Oakes, Madole, & Cohen, 1991]) but not at the basic level (i.e., dogs versus fish [Mandler & McDonough, 1993]). To test the hypothesis that priming infants with morphological and dynamic cues could influence their ability to categorize, 10-month-olds were exposed to either a point-light display video of a human walking, a video containing a rotating image of a human body, or a control video of randomly moving point-light dots. Following priming, infants completed a basic-level categorization task as well as gaze following and object retrieval tasks. Results revealed that only biological motion and human morphology primed infants’ ability to categorize animate, but not inanimate pairs, nor gaze following or object retrieval abilities. These findings suggest that both dynamic and morphological features are used by infants for categorization within the animate domain.
A ug 2 01 2 Gluon Spin , Canonical Momentum , and Gauge Symmetry

Abstract It is well known that in gauge theories, the spin (and orbital angular momentum) of gauge particles is not gauge invariant, although the helicity is; neither are the canonical momentum and canonical angular momentum of charged particles. However, the simple appeal of these concepts has motivated repeated attempts to resurrect them as physical descriptions of gauge systems. In particular, measurability of the gluon-spin-contribution to the proton helicity in polarized proton scattering has generated many theoretical efforts in generalizing it and others as gauge-invariant quantities. In this work, we analyze the constraints of gauge symmetry, the significance of gluon spin in the light-cone gauge, and what is possible and natural in QCD parton physics, emphasizing experimental observability and physical interpretation in the structure of bound states. We also comment on the measurability of the orbital angular momentum of the Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes in optics.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Socio-dynamic discrete choice : Theory and application

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.