Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A model for time interval learning in the Purkinje cell

Recent experimental findings indicate that Purkinje cells in the cerebellum represent time intervals by mechanisms other than conventional synaptic weights. This finding adds to the theoretical and experimental observations suggesting the presence of intra-cellular mechanisms for adaptation and processing. To account for these experimental results we developed a biophysical model for time interval learning in a Purkinje cell. The numerical model focuses on a classical delay conditioning task (e.g. eyeblink conditioning) and relies on a few computational steps. In particular, the model posits the activation by the parallel fiber input of a local intra-cellular calcium store which can be modulated by intra-cellular pathways. The reciprocal interaction of the calcium signal with several proteins forming negative and positive feedback loops ensures that the timing of inhibition in the Purkinje cell anticipates the interval between parallel and climbing fiber inputs during training. We show that the model is able to learn along the 150-1000 ms interval range. Finally, we discuss how this model would allow the cerebellum to detect and generate specific spatio-temporal patterns, a classical theory for cerebellar function. Author Summary The prevailing view in neurosciences considers synaptic weights between neurons the determinant factor for learning and processing information in the nervous system. Theoretical considerations [1, 2] and experiments [3, 4] examined some potential limitations of this classical paradigm, pointing out that adaptation and computation might also have to rely on other mechanisms besides the learning of synaptic weights. Recent experimental findings [5–7] indicate that Purkinje cells in the cerebellum represent time intervals by mechanisms other than conventional synaptic weights. We propose here a biologically plausible model which complements the modification of synaptic weights for learning one time interval in one synapse of one Purkinje cell. In the model a calcium signal in a small domain keeps track of time. Several molecules read and modify this calcium signal to learn a time interval. We discuss how this model would allow the cerebellum to detect and generate specific patterns in space and time, a classical theory for cerebellar function proposed by Braitenberg [8, 9].
Application and Validation of a Dynamic Energy Simulation Tool: A Case Study with Water Flow Glazing Envelope

The transparent materials used in building envelopes significantly contribute to heating and cooling loads of a building. The use of transparent materials requires to solve issues regarding heat gain, heat loss, and daylight. Water flow glazing (WFG), a disruptive technology, includes glazing as part of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Water is transparent to visible wavelengths, but it captures most of the infrared solar radiation. As an alternative to fossil fuel-based HVAC systems, the absorbed energy can be transferred to the ground through borehole heat exchangers and dissipated as a means of free-cooling. Researchers of the Polytechnic University of Madrid have developed a software tool to calculate the energy balance while incorporating the dynamic properties of WFG. This article has studied the mathematical model of that tool and validated its ability to predict energy savings in buildings, taking spectral and thermal parameters of glazing catalogs, commercial software, and inputs from the measurements of the prototypes. The results found in this article showed that it is possible to predict the thermal behavior of WFG and the energy savings by comparing the thermal parameters of two prototypes. The energy absorbed by the water depends on the mass flow rate and the inlet and outlet temperatures.
Neuronal overexpression of DYRK1A/minibrain alters motor decline, neurodegeneration and synaptic plasticity in Drosophila

Down syndrome (DS) is characterised by abnormal cognitive and motor development, and later in life by progressive Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia, neuropathology, declining motor function and shorter life expectancy. It is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21), but how individual Hsa21 genes contribute to various aspects of the disorder is incompletely understood. Previous work has demonstrated a role for triplication of the Hsa21 gene DYRK1A in cognitive and motor deficits, as well as in altered neurogenesis and neurofibrillary degeneration in the DS brain, but its contribution to other DS phenotypes is unclear. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of minibrain (mnb), the Drosophila ortholog of DYRK1A, in the Drosophila nervous system accelerated age-dependent decline in motor performance and shortened lifespan. Overexpression of mnb in the eye was neurotoxic and overexpression in ellipsoid body neurons in the brain caused age-dependent neurodegeneration. At the larval neuromuscular junction, an established model for mammalian central glutamatergic synapses, neuronal mnb overexpression enhanced spontaneous vesicular transmitter release. It also slowed recovery from short-term depression of evoked transmitter release induced by high-frequency nerve stimulation and increased the number of boutons in one of the two glutamatergic motor neurons innervating the muscle. These results provide further insight into the roles of DYRK1A triplication in abnormal aging and synaptic dysfunction in DS. Author summary Down syndrome (DS) is caused by three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. It is characterised by cognitive and motor deficits, which worsen with age resulting in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Which genes on chromosome 21 cause these phenotypes is incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that neuronal overexpression of minibrain, the Drosophila ortholog of the chromosome 21 gene DYRK1A, causes age-dependent degeneration of brain neurons, accelerates age-dependent decline in motor performance and shortens lifespan. It also modifies presynaptic structure, enhances spontaneous transmitter release and slows recovery from short-term depression of synaptic transmission at a model glutamatergic synapse. These findings give insight into the role of DYRK1A overexpression in aberrant aging and altered information processing in DS and AD.
Bioanalysis and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics modeling of the endogenous 2'deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool in individuals receiving tenofovir/emtricitabine

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses the endogenous nucleoside triphosphates (dNTP)—which consists of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP), deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), and thymidine triphosphate (TTP)—as the natural substrates of reverse transcriptase (RT) to synthesize viral DNA. Tenofovir (TFV) and emtricitabine (FTC) are nucleos(t)ide analogs (NA) that act against this process. In cells, their active anabolites: TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) and FTC-triphosphate (FTC-TP), compete with dNTPs at the active site of HIV RT, slowing down and terminating the viral DNA biosynthesis. As NAs, TFV and FTC have the potential to disturb the dNTP pool, which could augment or reduce their efficacies via altering the analog:dNTP ratio. This work focused on the development of a quantitative method for intracellular dNTPs, the characterization of the change of dNTP pool in vivo, and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PKPD) modeling to evaluate the interaction between TFV/FTC and dNTPs. A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for dNTPs in cell lysates with an analytical range of 50 to 2500 fmol/sample. A phase 4, observational, intensive PKPD study was performed in 21 HIV-negative and 19 HIV-positive treatment naïve individuals. The dNTPs were reduced by 14% to 37% relative to baseline within 3 days, in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals (p≤ 0.003). An indirect response model described the interaction between TFV/FTC and
APPLICATION OF BIOFILMS IN REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER IN STATIC CONDITION

metals, biofilms, bioaccumulation, waste water, static condition. The aim of the research was to apply biofilms as a model in ecotoxicology to remove selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb) from the wastewater under a static conditions. Biofilms were grown in three graded concentrations of the metal leachates (0.625, 0.417 and 0.250%), harvested after 1, 2 and 3 weeks and analyzed for heavy metals. Mean accumulations peaked on Day 21, and of Cd ranged from 0.000 to 0.040 (mean = 0.00837 ± 0.002), Cu from 0.000 to 0.212 (meam = 0.03929 ± 0.012), Cr from 0.000 to 0.500 (mean = 0.05821 ± 0.021), Zn from 0.000 to 1.456 (mean = 0.31833 ± 0.109) and Pb from 0.000 to 0.099 (mean = 0.02129 ± 0.006) mg/g in resultant biofilm formations. Accumulation of the metals increased significantly with time [F(205.59) > Fcrit(3.95)] at the 95% confidence interval. Those of Pb was significantly higher in the 0.625% leachate mixture than control (Sig F = 0.034) at P < 0.05, even as those of Cd and Cu were slightly higher in the concentrations than control. Biofilm model removed small amounts of metals from waste water stream in static condition.
In Silico Structure Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Associated Toll Like Receptor-4 (Tlr4)

Abstratct – TLRs are evolutionary conserved Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that play a key role in the activation of innate immune response by recognizing highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of gram-negative bacteria. The role of TLR4 genes are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in several populations. In this paper modeller was used for homology modelling of human TLR4 (O00206.2). The TLR4 Human Md2-E.Coli (3FXI) and crystal structure of Mouse TLR4/md-2 (3VQ1) were selected as a template for homology modelling. Ramachandram plot of TLR4 (O00206.2) has 81.2% residue in the most favored region, while template TLR4 (3FXI) has 69.1% and template TLR4 (3VQI) has 77.8% in the most favored region. 3-D structure validation of TLR4 was done by RAMPAGE and SAVES tools. 3D structure of Human TLR4 suggested the active site remains conserved among family members and the major interaction are similar to those observed for the homologous templates.
Imatinib Mesylate-Induced Periorbital Edema in a Child with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

A 10-year-old boy was referred to the pediatric oncology clinic with hyperleukocytosis and severe thrombocytosis after experiencing a mass in his left mandible for two weeks. On physical examination, he was pale and found to have a large spleen. Blood tests showed white blood cell count (250×109/L), hemoglobin 8.2 g/dL; and platelet count of 1500×109/L. After initial work-up, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed which revealed a hypercellular marrow positive for t (9,22) in cytogenetic study which was consistent with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase (CMLCP). RT-PCR showed BCR-ABL1, Mbcr (P210) with mRNA transcript level of 17.2% in quantitative study at the time of diagnosis. He was scheduled to start imatinib 340 mg/m2 (300 mg/day). The blood counts started to be normalized within two weeks; however, he complained of severe periorbital puffiness and a vague feeling of heavy droopy eyelids during this period (Figure 1). The patient developed thrombocytopenia and then mild neutropenia and was recommended to stop taking imatinib mesylate. Following cessation of imatinib, bilateral periorbital edema and also muscle cramps were ameliorated. The medication was restarted for the patient after 2-3 weeks with a lower dose, while the above-mentioned signs and symptoms did not recur. Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®) is a well-established pharmacological treatment for all phases of CML. Edema is a relatively common side effect in imatinib therapy. According to the literature, the periocular region is reported as the most common site of edema present in 47–70% of patients taking imatinib.1 The most accepted mechanism underlying imatinib-induced periorbital edema is inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling by the drug which results in increased capillary permeability and extravasation of fluid.2 Inhibition of PDGFRs on dermal dendrocytes has also been suggested as the causative role of periorbital edema by imatinib. The dense collagen tissue of the orbital septum and poorly developed lymphatic system of this region predisposes it to the development of edema.3 In a retrospective case series, ocular side effects of 104 patients on imatinib mesylate from Oregon Health and Iranian Journal of Blood & Cancer
Applying Heuristics Evaluation to Improve the Usability of Malaysia Accounting Training Management System

The website is a connection of communication between the organization and their customers. By using web applications customers can obtain information and deal with the organization. The user interface and the interface design of web-based application affect the interest and attention of the customers. The consideration of web navigation, web usability and web accessibility are compulsory to make a website was designed in a user-friendly format. This study aimed to evaluate system based on issues of interface design with focusing on human-computer interaction and user interface design which are error human handling and accessibility. The questionnaire based on questions from the User Interface Usability Evaluation (User Interface Usability Evaluation) was conducted to obtain feedback on the system developed. The findings and results of the questionnaire was used to assess whether the training management system design interface both in terms of handling and ease of access error information (error information handling and accessibility).
Multiobjective Parallel Chaos Optimization Algorithm with Crossover and Merging Operation

Chaos optimization algorithm (COA) usually utilizes chaotic maps to generate the pseudorandom numbers mapped as the decision variables for global optimization problems. Recently, COA has been applied to many single objective optimization problems and simulations results have demonstrated its effectiveness. In this paper, a novel parallel chaos optimization algorithm (PCOA) will be proposed for multiobjective optimization problems (MOOPs). As an improvement to COA, the PCOA is a kind of population-based optimization algorithm which not only detracts the sensitivity of initial values but also adjusts itself suitable for MOOPs. In the proposed PCOA, crossover and merging operation will be applied to exchange information between parallel solutions and produce new potential solutions, which can enhance the global and fast search ability of the proposed algorithm. To test the performance of the PCOA, it is simulated with several benchmark functions for MOOPs and mixed H2/H∞ controller design. The simulation results show that PCOA is an alternative approach for MOOPs.
Information technology in professional activities

The textbook is intended for studying of discipline "Information technologies in professional activity". Discusses key issues of forming of information society, basic notions and definitions of Informatization of various types and levels of professional activity, the analysis of information systems and technologies to solve economic and management problems. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. It is recommended that students enrolled in the bachelor in the direction of training "Management", as well as postgraduate and graduate students to update knowledge and skills in the application of information systems and technologies in the context of big data Analytics and managerial decision-making.
Parallel spatial channels converge at a bottleneck in anterior word-selective cortex

Significance Because your brain has limited processing capacity, you cannot comprehend the text on this page all at once. In fact, skilled readers cannot even recognize just two words at once. We measured how the visual areas of the brain respond to pairs of words while participants attended to one word or tried to divide attention between both. We discovered that a single word-selective region in left ventral occipitotemporal cortex processes both words in parallel. The parallel streams of information then converge at a bottleneck in an adjacent, more anterior word-selective region. This result reveals the functional significance of subdivisions within the brain’s reading circuitry and offers a compelling explanation for a profound limit on human perception. In most environments, the visual system is confronted with many relevant objects simultaneously. That is especially true during reading. However, behavioral data demonstrate that a serial bottleneck prevents recognition of more than one word at a time. We used fMRI to investigate how parallel spatial channels of visual processing converge into a serial bottleneck for word recognition. Participants viewed pairs of words presented simultaneously. We found that retinotopic cortex processed the two words in parallel spatial channels, one in each contralateral hemisphere. Responses were higher for attended than for ignored words but were not reduced when attention was divided. We then analyzed two word-selective regions along the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) of both hemispheres (subregions of the visual word form area, VWFA). Unlike retinotopic regions, each word-selective region responded to words on both sides of fixation. Nonetheless, a single region in the left hemisphere (posterior OTS) contained spatial channels for both hemifields that were independently modulated by selective attention. Thus, the left posterior VWFA supports parallel processing of multiple words. In contrast, activity in a more anterior word-selective region in the left hemisphere (mid OTS) was consistent with a single channel, showing (i) limited spatial selectivity, (ii) no effect of spatial attention on mean response amplitudes, and (iii) sensitivity to lexical properties of only one attended word. Therefore, the visual system can process two words in parallel up to a late stage in the ventral stream. The transition to a single channel is consistent with the observed bottleneck in behavior.
Formation of microsclerotia in three species of Beauveria and storage stability of a prototype granular formulation

ABSTRACT Beauveria bassiana is the only species from the Beauveria genus that has been previously described as forming microsclerotia [Wang, H. -H. , Wang, J.-L. , Li, Y. -P., Liu, X. , Wen, J.-Z. , & Lei, Z. -R. (2011). Liquid culturing of microsclerotia of Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus to control western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis in Journal of Applied Entomology, 48(3), 588–595]. Microsclerotia (MS) are compact, melanised aggregates that have been recognised in plant pathogenic fungi as overwintering structures. MS were successfully produced in shake flask cultures from three different Beauveria species (B. bassiana, B. brogniartii and B. pseudobassiana) using liquid media containing a low carbon to nitrogen ratio and replacing glucose with a complex carbon source. Maximum MS yield after 10 days fermentation was 8.46 × 103 MS/mL obtained with B. pseudobassiana AgR-F704, a New Zealand fungus isolated from the African black beetle (Heteronychus arator F.). Using this isolate, MS were produced using two C:N compositions, formulated with diatomaceous earth and air dried and monitored for germination and storage stability. Germination of MS granules varied with C:N ratio and storage temperature. MS produced using a higher carbon concentration maintained 100% germination after six months of storage at 4°C, but when stored at 20°C, the germination rate was reduced to 68%. In contrast, MS produced using a lower carbon concentration showed reduced germination (0 to 18%) after storage for more than two months at either temperature and had lost viability completely after six months. Conidia production from surviving MS was estimated at 109 conidia/g of granules. Results demonstrated that Beauveria species are able to form MS in submerged culture and those produced in the relatively higher carbon medium were capable of surviving under low moisture, ambient temperature storage and are able to produce conidia after germination; all of these attributes suggest that MS can be incorporated into granules as a new sustained release strategy to control soil-dwelling insects.
Using optically pumped magnetometers to measure magnetoencephalographic signals in the human cerebellum

We test the feasibility of an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM)-MEG system for the measurement of human cerebellar activity. We show that the OPM system allows for excellent coverage of this structure by decreasing the average sensor-to-cerebellum distance by around 33% (16mm), compared to a standard MEG helmet. This closer proximity to the cerebellum approximately doubles the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As a proof of principle, we used an air-puff stimulus to the eyeball in order to elicit cerebellar evoked and induced responses that are well characterized in non-human models. In three subjects, we observed an evoked component at 50ms post stimulus, which originates in the cerebellum (predominantly ipsilateral). This response was followed by a second component at 100ms post stimulus (predominantly contra-lateral). Sensory stimulation also elicited an event-related broadband spectral power change in the ipsilateral cerebellum at ~100ms in all subjects. We conclude that the OPM-MEG technology offers a promising way to advance the understanding of the information processing mechanisms in the human cerebellum.
Design of Automatic Hand Sanitizer with Temperature Sensing

The design depicted shows the preventive measure that can be taken during the COVID-19 pandemic in the whole world. Sanitizers have become the most significant commodities right now. By the new rules and regulations given by WHO vigorous sanitization is needed to survive. The design gave the solution for the problem stated. The design introduces an automatic hand sanitizer and temperature sensing system, to keep the hand sanitized whenever a person wants to do it, without a contact with the sanitizing machine. The temperature sensor on touching gives the body temperature of the person.
The Phenotypic, Genotypic, & Environmental Drivers of Local Adaptation to a Harsh Granite Outcrop Environment in Mimulus

149 words, Main text: 4,891 words Figures: 3, Tables: 2 *For correspondence: kgferris@ucdavis.edu, (314) 550-1882 Current Address: Center for Population Biology, 2320 Storer Hall, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue,Davis, CA 95616 Word counts: Total 6096; Abstract 200; Introduction 1085; Materials & Methods 1369; Results 1348; Discussion 2175 Figures: 5, Tables: 4, Supporting Information: 2 Figures & 5 Tables
L’apixaban en thromboprophylaxie pour les patients recevant de la chimiothérapie

Pour toute correspondance : Ann-Frédérik Gosselin, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de la Mauricie-Centre-du-Québec, Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire régional de Trois-Rivières, 1991, boulevard du Carmel, Trois-Rivières (Québec) G8Z 3R9, CANADA; Téléphone : 819-697-3333; Courriel : ann-frederik.gosselin. 1@ulaval.ca L’apixaban en thromboprophylaxie pour les patients recevant de la chimiothérapie