Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the accuracy of capturing snapshots in large‐scale P2P IPTV systems

With the growing maturity of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) technology, Internet protocol television (IPTV) applications based on that gained great success commercially and have attracted more and more attentions from both industry and academia. Currently, the active measurement method based on crawler technology is the most popular and effective one to study P2P IPTV systems. Existing measurement results revealed that accuracy of captured overlay snapshots depends on the crawling speed of crawler system. In order to capture more accurate overlay snapshots of P2P IPTV system, we developed a very fast and efficient distributed crawler system using the distributed architecture and peer degree‐rank mechanism. In this paper, we first introduce the architectures of PPTV channel‐list resource distribution and the whole system, which is the most popular and largest instance of P2P IPTV applications nowadays. Subsequently, this paper evaluates the crawling results of two dedicated crawlers capturing from peer‐list servers and ordinary peers, respectively. Finally, we propose a fast and accurate dedicated crawler system based on distributed architecture and peer degree rank for PPTV. The experiment results show that the performance of our distributed crawler system is much better than other existing crawler systems. Specifically, our distributed crawler can track a very popular channel with about 7200 online users in 30 s. It is also reasonable to believe that our distributed crawler system can capture complete overlay snapshots. To the best of our knowledge, our study work is the first to explore capturing accurate overlay snapshots of large‐scale P2P IPTV applications. Our crawler system can provide a good solution for capturing more accurate overlay snapshots of PPTV system and can also be used to help researchers to design crawler systems for other P2P IPTV systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reductions in mortality at advanced ages: several decades of evidence from 27 countries.

It is widely assumed that mortality at advanced ages is attributable to old age per se and that death rates at advanced ages cannot be substantially reduced. Using a larger body of data than previously available the authors find that developed countries have made progress in reducing death rates even at the highest ages. Furthermore the pace of this progress has accelerated over the course of the twentieth century. In most developed countries outside Eastern Europe average death rates at ages 80-99 have declined at a rate of 1 to 2 percent per year for females and 0.5 to 1.5 percent per year for males since the 1960s. For an aggregate of nine countries with reliable data through 1991 the annual average rate of improvement between 1982-86 and 1987-91 was 1.7 percent for male octogenarians and 2.5 percent for female octogenarians. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)
Allergens in Urban Schools and Homes of Children With Asthma

P Permaul, E Hoffman, C Fu. Pediatr Allergy Immunol . 2012;23(6):543–549 To compare school allergen exposure to home allergen exposure in a cohort of children with asthma. Twelve public elementary schools from an urban metropolitan area in the northeastern United States were included. Children with asthma attending these schools were then recruited for participation in the study. Settled dust and airborne samples from 12 schools were analyzed for indoor allergens using multiplex array technology. School samples were linked to students with asthma enrolled in the School Inner-City Asthma Study, and settled dust samples from these students’ homes were analyzed similarly for …
Medical complications and associated injuries of persons treated in the traumatic brain injury model systems programs

This study documents the medical complications and associated injuries that occurred in persons admitted for rehabilitation in the five Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Model System projects. The incidence of specific intracranial hemorrhages, medical complications, and associated injuries are discussed. Two thirds of these individuals had one or more intracranial hemorrhages, the most common being subdural (32%) and subarachnoid (27%) hemorrhages. Persons with one or two intracranial hemorrhages were found to have significantly longer lengths of stay (LOS) in acute care compared to those with no hemorrhahges. One or more intracranial hemorrhages were found in persons injured by a fall (84%), while riding a bicycle (81%), while walking (76%), and by assault (73%). Of the nonhemorrhagic cerebral complications/problems investigated, seizures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and hydrocephalus were found to be related to extended LOS in acute care. Seizures were reported in 17% of patients, with 10% of all patients exhibiting a seizure within the first 24 hours postinjury. The extracerebral complications associated with longer LOS in acute care were respiratory failure, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, soft-tissue infection (STI), coagulopathy, renal failure, and septic shock. Persons injured in all-terrain vehicles, pedestrian/auto encounters, gunshot wounds to the head, and automobile crashes were more likely to have extracerebral complications than those injured by other causes. Fractures and cranial nerve injuries were the most common associated injuries. A larger proportion of persons injured in motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian/auto encounters, and bicycle accidents had associated injuries than those injured by other mechanisms.
Assessing the Basic Math Skills of First-Year Doctor of Pharmacy Students

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the basic math skills of two classes of doctor of pharmacy students at a private southeastern school of pharmacy. The Basic Math Skills Test (BMST) was used to assess 121 first-year doctor of pharmacy students from the classes of 2003 and 2004. All entering students present during orientation week were tested using the BMST. The BMST consists of a 50-question, timed math test that measures basic math skills in 9 different areas. The areas and level of difficulty were taken from an eighth-grade mathematics textbook. In accordance with the recommendation of the developer, students were allotted 20 minutes to complete the exam. Results revealed that the cumulative mean score on the BMST of this sample was 68.90%. Implications of the study: (1) poor basic math skills impede successful completion of the pharmacy curriculum and (2) poor basic math skills may increase the probabilities of mathematical mistakes when filling prescriptions in pharmacy practice. Two .
Development and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Moral Distress in Healthcare Professionals

Background: Although moral distress is increasingly recognized as an important problem that threatens the integrity of health care providers and health care systems, few reliable and valid measures of moral distress are currently in use in research or clinical practice. This article describes the development and testing of a revised measure of moral distress, the Moral Distress Scale–Revised (MDS-R), designed for use in multiple health care settings and with multiple disciplines. Methods: After instrument development and content validity testing, a survey methodology was used to assess reliability and construct validity of the MDS-R. Registered nurses (n = 169) and physicians (n = 37) in eight intensive care units (ICUs) at an academic medical center in the southeastern United States participated; the survey was administered during a 2-week period in January 2011. Results: Adequate reliability and evidence of construct validity were demonstrated. Moral distress was significantly higher for nurses than physicians, although it was negatively correlated with ethical climate for both provider groups. MDS-R scores were significantly higher for those clinicians considering leaving their positions. The proportion of physicians and nurses who had left a previous position or who were considering leaving their current positions due to moral distress was high (16% and 31%, respectively). Conclusions: Initial testing of the MDS-R reveals promising evidence of instrument reliability and validity. The findings from this study lend further support to the important relationships between the moral distress of providers, the ethical climate of health care settings, and retention of health care professionals.
Cancer Information Scanning and Seeking in the General Population

The amount of cancer-related information available in the media and other sources continues to increase each year. We wondered how people make use of such content in making specific health decisions. We studied both the information they actively seek (“seeking”) and that which they encounter in a less purposive way (“scanning”) through a nationally representative survey of adults aged 40–70 years (n = 2,489) focused on information use around three prevention behaviors (dieting, fruit and vegetable consumption, and exercising) and three screening test behaviors (prostate-specific antigen, colonoscopy, mammogram). Overall, respondents reported a great deal of scanning and somewhat less seeking (on average 62% versus 28% for each behavior), and they used a range of sources including mass media, interpersonal conversations, and the Internet, alongside physicians. Seeking was predicted by female gender, age of 55–64 vs. 40–44, higher education, Black race and Hispanic ethnicity, and being married. Scanning was predicted by older age, female gender, and education. Respondents were fairly consistent in their place on a typology of scanning and seeking across behaviors. Seeking was associated with all six behaviors, and scanning was associated with three of six behaviors.
MC–CDMA receiver design using recurrent neural networks for eliminating multiple access interference and nonlinear distortion

Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC–CDMA) is a promising wireless communication technology with high spectral efficiency and system performance. However, all multiple access techniques including MC–CDMA were most likely to have multiple access interference (MAI). So this paper mainly aims at designing a suitable receiver for MC–CDMA system to mitigate such MAI. The classical receivers like maximal ratio combining, minimum mean square error, and iterative block–decision feedback equalization fail to cancel MAI when the MC–CDMA is subjected to severe nonlinear distortions, which may occur due to saturated power amplifiers or arbitrary channel conditions. Being highly nonlinear structures, the neural network receivers such as multilayer perceptron and recurrent neural network could be better alternative for such a case. The feasibility, efficiency, and effectiveness of the proposed neural network receiver are studied thoroughly for MC–CDMA system under different nonlinear conditions.
Communicating Immunization Science: The Genesis and Evolution of the National Network for Immunization Information

For 10 years, the National Network for Immunization Information (NNii) has pursued its goal to “provide the public, health professionals, policy makers, and the media with up-to-date, scientifically valid information related to immunizations to help them understand the issues and to make informed decisions. ” This investigation provides a critical evaluation of the strategic communication planning and implementation of NNii from conception to present day. The study uses a case study methodology, developing a systematic analysis of organizational documents, the media environment, and in-depth interviews by applying Weick's model of organizing as an interpretive framework. Iterative data analysis included open coding, axial coding, and thematic saturation. Themes were compared with phases of strategic communication and present study propositions. Major themes identified included the organization's informative nature, funding credibility, nonbranding, reflective evaluation, collaborative partnerships, and media strategy. NNii meets the requirements of requisite variety, nonsummativity, and organizational flexibility proposed by Weick's model of organizing. However, a lack of systematic evaluation of organization goals prevents it from adapting communication tactics and strategies. In addition, the authors recommend that NNii, while maintaining its informative nature, adopt persuasive strategies to attract and retain the attention of its target audiences.
Connecting the MDGs and NCDs with Digital Health

As we all know, the world is experiencing extraordinary challenges and there is one area that affects all of us—health. Health and well-being are common values espoused globally, yet experienced differently. Even in the 21st century with information, knowledge, and connectedness unlike any time in history, we are at risk. We are at risk for security—health and humankind. New ideas—innovations—from multiple sectors can harness the wisdom and know-how for the noblesse oblige to advance health. Internally, we have our own lexicon—MDGs, NCDs, ICT, and other acronyms and jargon. It is our policy imperative to translate this lexicon to action and ultimately to the people throughout the world, wherever they may live. With only four years left until the 2015 deadline to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the UN Secretary-General’s Every Woman, Every Child global effort on women and children’s health has renewed promise in ‘‘Investing in Our Common Future. ’’ Recently, a new Global Plan was launched to eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2015. And, later this year, world leaders will hold a United Nations Summit on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in September 2011. I have personally been engaged in a variety of activities as Vice President of Global Health at Johnson & Johnson. While the representative of the private sector today, our Global Health Diplomacy efforts include participation in the UN Secretary General’s Initiative. I co-chair the Innovation Working Group of the UN Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health. Along with Tore Godal, Special Advisor on Global Health to the Prime Minister of Norway, our group includes representatives from the UN, Canada, Rwanda, India, Harvard University, the Rockefeller, Gates and UN Foundation, PATH, CARE, Intel, Merck, and others. Thus far, we have developed working papers and a robust plan to ramp up innovation in health for the MDGs. On the day of the launch of the new Global Plan on HIV, J&J further pledged support with the UN Secretary General, UNAIDS Director General, and PEPFAR lead, with our proclamation that ‘‘We have a dream that no baby will be born HIV
The Economic Effect of Noncommunicable Diseases on Households and Nations: A Review of Existing Evidence

In developing countries, the noncommunicable disease (NCD) and risk factor burdens are shifting toward the poor. Treating chronic diseases can be expensive. In developing countries where generally much health care costs are borne by patients themselves, for those who live in poverty or recently escaped severe poverty, when faced with large, lifelong out-of-pocket expenses, impoverishment persists or can reoccur. These patterns have implications for national economic growth and poverty-reduction efforts. NCDs can change spending patterns dramatically and result in significantly reducing non–medical-related spending on food and education. In India, about 40% of household expenditures for treating NCDs are financed by households with distress patterns (borrowing and sales of assets). NCD short- and long-term disability can lead to a decrease in working-age population participation in the labor force and reduce productivity and, in turn, reduce per capita gross domestic product growth. To fully capitalize on the demographic dividend (i.e., aging of the population resulting in less dependent children, not yet more dependent elderly, and greater national productivity), healthy aging is necessary, which, in turn, requires effectively tackling NCDs. Last, from an equity standpoint, the economic effect of NCDs, evident at the household level and at the country level, will disproportionately affect the poor and vulnerable populations in the developing world.
Structured Interdisciplinary Communication Strategies in Four ICUs: An Observational Study

Paired direct observations of a physician and nurse caring for 11 challenging patients at four Intensive Care Units (ICUs) were conducted to identify structured interdisciplinary communication strategies. Providers employed the following strategies at all four ICUs: 1) nurses listening to bedside (but not closed) rounds, 2) nurses cross-checking physician plans, and 3) physicians and nurses providing “heads-up” alerts. Providers employed the following at some of the ICUs: 1) nurses and physicians speaking privately following rounds (3/4 ICUs), and 2) nurses speaking during bedside rounds (2/4 ICUs). None (0/4 ICUs) conducted pre-round interdisciplinary briefings. None (0/4 ICUs) used artifacts explicitly designed to aid interdisciplinary communication (e.g., Morning Briefing Tools), although shared electronic and paper resources were used by both nursing and physician personnel. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Rationale for Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Children and Adults

Provision of binaural hearing should be considered the standard of care for hearing impaired patients whenever it can be provided without significant risks. In the case of patients with severe to profound hearing loss, effective binaural hearing may require bilateral cochlear implantation. The combined experience of many centers around the world has provided substantial insight into the benefits of bilateral cochlear implantation. At the Dallas Otolaryngology Cochlear Implant Program, over 40 children and 40 adults have been implanted bilaterally. Although there are some benefits that require further detailed study to quantify, there are many benefits that have become both objectively and subjectively apparent. Our experience, combined with published results of other centers, has allowed us to define guidelines for which the benefits of bilateral cochlear implantation significantly outweigh the risks. For these patients, bilateral implantation should be considered the standard of care, even as we continue to define the increasing benefits and expand the criteria to more patients over the long term.
Perceived Risk of Cervical Cancer Among Low-Income Women

Background Risk perception is an important predictor of cancer prevention behaviors. We examined the perceived risk of cervical cancer among an ethnically diverse population of women of lower socioeconomic status. Materials and Methods Females attending a women’s health clinic were recruited for a study addressing cervical cancer prevention. Survey questions evaluated lifetime perceived risk of cervical cancer (0%–100%), beliefs about the accuracy of the Pap test, and estimated incidence of abnormal Pap test results. Risk estimates for oneself were followed with an item seeking a brief, qualitative explanation of the risk estimate. Results Surveys were completed by 338 women. The mean (SD) age of respondents was 29.9 (8.6) years. Women self-identified as Hispanic/Latina (32%, n = 107), White (34%, n = 116), and African American (34%, n = 115). Estimated perceived lifetime risk of getting cervical cancer ranged from 0% to 100% (59.2 [29.5]). Risk estimates were associated with perceived prevalence of abnormal results (r = 0.24, p< .001) and perceptions regarding the accuracy of the Pap test (r = 0.13, p < .05). On average, women estimated that nearly half of all women have ever had an abnormal result (49.2 [26.9]; n = 335; range, 0%–100%), with African American women estimating a higher percentage compared to Hispanic/Latina and White women. Women who themselves experienced an abnormal Pap test result reported higher proportions of other women experiencing an abnormal result (t333 = −3.67, p < .01). Conclusions This study advances our understanding of misperception of risk and how women qualitatively view their risk of cervical cancer. The findings underscore areas for practitioners to enhance patient education efforts.
Management of adult mastocytosis

Introduction: Mastocytosis comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the presence of abnormal mast cells (MCs) in one or more tissues. The great heterogeneity of mastocytosis is determined by the clinical and biological diversity observed in some cases as reflected, for example, by the existence of cases arising in childhood versus those who have an adult-onset disease, patients with mastocytosis restricted to skin versus those with systemic involvement or cases with a chronic, indolent course versus those who suffer from aggressive or leukemic manifestations. This broad spectrum of the disease translates into different therapeutic options, which should be carefully selected in every case based on several factors, such as the patient's age, the frequency, type and severity of MC mediator release symptoms, the overall MC burden, the presence of poor prognosis markers or the detection of specific molecular targets. Areas covered: This comprehensive review is focused on the different therapeutic strategies used in adult mastocytosis, including antimediator drugs, cytoreductive treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Expert opinion: Herein, this review highlights several evidence-based aspects related to the management of adult mastocytosis, with special emphasis on the recommendations from the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis and the importance of using highly sensitive molecular diagnostic methods to improve the selection of patient candidates to targeted therapies such as imatinib.
A call‐state‐based service triggering algorithm for IMS network

To determine the potential signaling traffic reductions, the session establishment procedures were investigated. The investigation showed that the serving call session control function (S‐CSCF) is the major bottleneck in IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) network and the existing third‐generation partnership project (3GPP) service triggering algorithm (3GPP STA) based on initial filter criteria (iFC) increases largely the end‐to‐end session setup delay (SSD). To reduce the SSD and improve the system performance, a call‐state‐based application triggering architecture (CATA) was proposed. In CATA, the call‐state‐based filter criteria and the call‐state‐based service triggering algorithm (CSTA) were proposed, and then the modeling of 3GPP STA and CSTA was presented. Theoretical analysis and simulation results showed that the CSTA avoids the additional signaling traffic load of the S‐CSCF and application server effectively, which exists in 3GPP STA, reduces the SSD considerably, increases the throughput of the S‐CSCF and improves the quality of service of IMS network. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Female Soccer: Part 1—A Needs Analysis

SUMMARY IT IS IMPERATIVE FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES TO CONDUCT A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE DEMANDS OF A SPORT, IDENTIFYING NORMATIVE DATA WHERE POSSIBLE TO PERMIT AN EVIDENCE-BASED EVALUATION OF AN ATHLETE’S CURRENT PERFORMANCE STATUS AND TO INFORM THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC GOALS FOR THE ATHLETES’ DEVELOPMENT. PART ONE OF THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE DEMANDS OF FEMALE SOCCER AND PROVIDES NORMATIVE DATA FROM PUBLISHED RESEARCH IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC AREAS THAT REQUIRE DEVELOPMENT IN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS. PART TWO RECOMMENDS EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACHES INTEGRATED TO ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT AND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGIES, AS A RESULT OF THE NEEDS ANALYSIS.