Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Relationship between expression of aquaporin-1, -5 and pulmonary edema in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn rats].

OBJECTIVE Aquaporin (AQP) is a group of cell membrane transporting proteins. The study was designed to investigate the changes of AQP1 and AQP5 in the lung tissue under hyperoxia and their roles in pulmonary edema. METHODS Two hundred newborn rats were randomized into different oxygen concentrations exposure: FiO2=0.80 (Experimental group 1), FiO2=0.60 (Experimental group 2), FiO2=0.40 (Experimental group 3) and FiO2=0.21 (Air control group). Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after the beginning of experiment (10 rats each time point). The expressions of AQP1 and AQP5 were examined by Western Blot. The ratio of lung wet weight to lung dry weight (wet-to-dry weight ratio, W/D), and the protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. RESULTS Compared with the Air control group, the W/D ratio and the protein content in BALF in the three experiment groups increased significantly and the increased extent was positively related to the duration and the oxygen concentration of hyperoxia-exposure. The expression of AQP1 in the experimental groups began to decrease at the 3rd day and significant differences were found at the 5th and the 7th days after hyperoxia-exposure compared with that in the Air control group (P < 0.05). The AQP1 expression was restored somewhat at the 14th day after hyperoxia-exposure, but it was still lower in the Experimental groups 1 and 2 than that in the Air control group (P < 0.05). The expression of AQP5 in the experimental groups were reduced compared with that in the Air control group 3 days after hyperoxia-exposure and the decrease of AQP5 expression was associated with duration of hyperoxia-exposure. The comparison among three experimental groups showed that the decrease of AQP1 and AQP5 expressions was associated with the concentration of hyperoxia-exposure. CONCLUSIONS The expressions of AQP1 and AQP5 decreased in hyperoxia-induced lung injury and correlated with the severity of pulmonary edema.
Sympathetic activation by sildenafil.

tables or figures and should relate solely to an article published in Circulation within the preceding 12 weeks. Authors of letters selected for publication will receive prepublication proofs, and authors of the article cited in the letter will be invited to reply. Replies must be signed by all authors listed in the original publication. Please submit three typewritten, double-spaced copies of the letter to Herbert L. Fred, MD, the Circulation Editorial Office. Letters will not be returned.
Access to the Upper Forest Canopy with a Large Tower Crane

Figure 1. Sketch of the canopy crane operating in a forest showing the tower (a), jib (b), counterjib and counterweight (c), the operator's cab (d), and the gondola (e) attached to the hook. The radius and height of the jib are 82 and 52 m, respectively. T he uppermost forest canopy is a frontier ofscientific research (Erwin 1983). It is the primary interface between the atmosphere and the forest and is a reservoir of biological diversity. But understanding of this important portion of the forest is far from adequate because of the difficulties in gaining access to the tops of trees. Most techniques currently available to study canopies provide limited flexibility and maneuverability, little safety, and almost no access to the important outermost canopy zone. The inability to study the functioning of the upper forest canopy in situ has stalled progress on a variety of critical research pursuits. For example, the examination of forest/atmosphere interactions (crucial to understanding global climate) and rigorous analyses of canopy biodiversity (an essential basis for conservation decisions) are both severely limited by the lack of controlled canopy access. A tower crane with a long horizontal jib brings the previously unreachable portions of forests within the range of scientific scrutiny. It allows repeatable observations and experimental manipulations on individual
Pulmonary microvascular permeability. Responses to high vascular pressure after induction of pacing-induced heart failure in dogs.

The pressure threshold for injury of pulmonary capillaries is approximately 50 to 55 cm H2O in the canine lung, as measured by changes in the filtration coefficient (Kf,c). Since the pulmonary endothelial basement membrane has been observed to thicken in patients with heart failure and pulmonary venous hypertension, we hypothesized that both baseline permeability and the threshold for high-vascular-pressure injury would be altered as a result. Dogs (n = 12) were chronically paced at 245 beats per minute for approximately 4 weeks, then were paced at 225 beats per minute for an additional 3 weeks. Lung lobes from anesthetized paced dogs and additional control dogs (n = 14) were then isolated, ventilated, and perfused with blood. Although vascular resistance was increased nearly threefold and vascular compliance reduced by 50% in the paced group, Kf,c referenced to 1 g blood-free dry weight was no different from control. Despite this lack of difference at normal pulmonary vascular pressures, several significant results were obtained. First, in the paced group there was a significant increase in the threshold for high-vascular-pressure injury: Kf,c measured at pulmonary vascular pressures commonly seen in heart failure (20 to 50 cm H2O) were significantly less in this group compared with control. Model predictions showed that in vivo, this difference in Kf,c would result in a 50% reduction in the amount of water and protein cleared across the pulmonary capillary endothelial barrier in the paced group. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sciatic Nerve Block for Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Jury Is Still Out

the quality of their work or other aspects, such us knowledge and communication. Therefore, the authors only say that there is a high correlation between the 3 instruments, but they cannot say that there is concurrent validity between them. If we want a clearer picture about the entire procedure, we should apply direct observation assessment tools, such us a checklist and GRS and ICSAD. The relevance and introduction of new methodologies in the learning/teaching process grow daily. To avoid confusion, a proper use of concepts and definitions is mandatory.
[Changes of the new gaseous transmitter H2S in patients with coronary heart disease].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of plasma hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Plasma H(2)S levels were measured in 40 patients with CHD and 17 angiographically normal patients by sulfide-sensitive electrodes, and the variation of plasma H(2)S levels was analyzed in different clinical types of CHD and in different types of coronary artery lesions. The association of plasma H(2)S levels with the risk factors of CHD was also analyzed. RESULTS Plasma H(2)S levels were significantly lowered in CHD patients in comparison with that in angiographically normal control subjects (26.10+/-14.27 micromol/L vs 51.74+/-11.94 micromol/L, P<0.001). In CHD patients, plasma H(2)S levels in unstable angina patients (UAP, 23.60+/-14.41 micromol/L) and acute myocardial infarction patients (AMI, 19.98+/-7.516 micromol/L) were significantly lower than that in stable angina patients (SAP, 38.41+/-14.53 micromol/L, P<0.05). No significant difference in plasma H(2)S levels was found between CHD patients with double-vessel and multi-vessel lesions (16.91+/-7.98 vs 18.39+/-7.78 micromol/L, P>0.05), but the two groups of patients had significantly lower plasma H(2)S levels than patients with single-vessel involvement (33.04+/-15.01 micromol/L, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Plasma H(2)S level was significantly lower in CHD patients with coronary artery occlusion than in patients with simple stenosis (19.04+/-9.55 vs 28.24+/-14.85 micromol/L, P<0.05). Among the CHD patients, H(2)S levels were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers (27.54+/-10.37 vs 32.24+/-15.77 micromol/L, P<0.05), also lower in hypertensive patients than in normotensive patients (20.36+/-8.69 vs 33.77+/-15.86 micromol/L, P<0.01). Plasma H(2)S levels showed a significant inverse correlation with blood glucose (r=-0.493 6, P=0.001 6), but there were no significant correlations with sex, age, cholesterol, triglyeride, TC, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, or body mass index. CONCLUSION Decreased plasma H(2)S levels may correlate with the severity of CHD and changes of the coronary artery, and may implicate the risk factors of CHD such as smoking, hypertension, and high blood glucose.
A Study on Different Routing Approaches on Sensor Network

To optimization of sensor network is based on the route optimization. Routing in sensor network is adaptive to the energy constraint and communication parameters. To perform the optimize and low cost communication over the network, it is required to optimize the communication. To achieve the effective outcome from network, effective selection of routing constraints, parameters and algorithmic approach is required. The routing is also based on the associated problem statement. In this work, different constraints relative to the routing are discussed. The paper has also presented a study on algorithmic approaches adapted in sensor network.
An algorithm of successive minimization in convex programming

— A gênerai exchange algorithm is gwen for the mimmizatwn ofa convex function with equahty and inequahty constraintsAt is a generahzation of the Cheney-Goldstein algorithm, but following an idea gwen by Topfer, afimte séquence ofsub-problems the dimension ofwhich is decreasing, is considered at each itération Gwen a positive number 8, under very gênerai conditions, it is proved that the method, after afimte number of itérations, leads to an "e-solutwn"
Physicochemical Requirements Inferred for Chemical Self-Organization Hardly Support an Emergence of Life in the Deep Oceans of Icy Moons.

UNLABELLED An approach to the origin of life, focused on the property of entities capable of reproducing themselves far from equilibrium, has been developed recently. Independently, the possibility of the emergence of life in the hydrothermal systems possibly present in the deep oceans below the frozen crust of some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn has been raised. The present report is aimed at investigating the mutual compatibility of these alternative views. In this approach, the habitability concept deduced from the limits of life on Earth is considered to be inappropriate with regard to emerging life due to the requirement for an energy source of sufficient potential (equivalent to the potential of visible light). For these icy moons, no driving force would have been present to assist the process of emergence, which would then have had to rely exclusively on highly improbable events, thereby making the presence of life unlikely on these Solar System bodies, that is, unless additional processes are introduced for feeding chemical systems undergoing a transition toward life and the early living organisms. KEY WORDS Icy moon-Bioenergetics-Chemical evolution-Habitability-Origin of life. Astrobiology 16, 328-334.
PharmGKB summary: methylene blue pathway

The many uses of methylene blue Methylene blue (methylthioninium chloride) is a ‘jack of all trades’ with a litany of clinical uses. In vivo, it is indicated for use as a therapy for drug-induced methemoglobinemia [1-3], can be used for the treatment of infections, pathologies, or poisoning, and as a dye for diagnostics. It is also commonly used as a dye in vitro – for example, as a component in staining of cells, tissues, DNA, parasites, and bacteria [4-6]. In the 1890s, Ehrlich demonstrated its use to target the malarial parasite, and more recently it has been reinvestigated for inclusion in antimalarial regimens in the wake of parasite drug resistance [7-9]. Further examples of its clinical use include treatment of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity (although treatment has been reported ineffective), an antidote for cyanide poisoning, visualization of fallopian tubes or ruptured membranes, a marker of tumors, and even as a potential therapy for septic shock and ischemic brain injury [5,8,10-18]. In phase II clinical trials, a modified version of methylene blue is reported to slow cognitive decline in mild–moderate Alzheimer’s disease patients compared to placebo, and phase III trials are planned, although these results remain unpublished [19]. The mechanism of action is unclear – possibly by preventing tau protein aggregation or increasing amyloid-β clearance by enhancing proteasome activities [19,20]. As a photodynamic therapy, methylene blue could be used to treat psoriasis, West Nile virus infection, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and decontaminate blood before transfusion [5,21-25]. Methylene blue has also contributed to drug development, forming the structural chemical basis of other therapeutic drugs, including the antimalarial drug, chloroquine; the antihistamine, promethazine; and the antipsychotic, chlorpromazine [5]. Acknowledging the many uses of methylene blue, this article focuses on the pharmacodynamics of methylene blue in the context of methemoglobinemia treatment and the pathways surrounding this, due to known pharmacogenetic associations that relate to these pathways.
Conservation of biodiversity through taxonomy, data publication, and collaborative infrastructures

Taxonomy is the foundation of biodiversity science because it furthers discovery of new species. Globally, there have never been so many people involved in naming species new to science. The number of new marine species described per decade has never been greater. Nevertheless, it is estimated that tens of thousands of marine species, and hundreds of thousands of terrestrial species, are yet to be discovered; many of which may already be in specimen collections. However, naming species is only a first step in documenting knowledge about their biology, biogeography, and ecology. Considering the threats to biodiversity, new knowledge of existing species and discovery of undescribed species and their subsequent study are urgently required. To accelerate this research, we recommend, and cite examples of, more and better communication: use of collaborative online databases; easier access to knowledge and specimens; production of taxonomic revisions and species identification guides; engagement of nonspecialists; and international collaboration. “Data‐sharing” should be abandoned in favor of mandated data publication by the conservation science community. Such a step requires support from peer reviewers, editors, journals, and conservation organizations. Online data publication infrastructures (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Ocean Biogeographic Information System) illustrate gaps in biodiversity sampling and may provide common ground for long‐term international collaboration between scientists and conservation organizations.
Patterns of growth and development in pleurocapsalean cyanobacteria.

INTRODUCTION . 2.2 METHODS FOR STUDY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3. 3 Principal Media and Growth Conditions 3. 3 Cooper Dish Culture Technique 4 Baeocyte Motility and Baeocyte Counts . 5 Microscopy . 5 ISOLATION AND PURIEFICATION . 5 STRAIN HISTORIES . 6. 6 GENERAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT 6 Difference Between Multiple Fission and Binary Fission . 6 Roles of Multiple Fission and Binary Fission in Development 6 Structure of the Cell Wall: PG, OM, and F Layers . 7 Role of F Layer During Binary Fission . 10 Role of F Layer During Multiple Fission and Baeocyte Release. 10 Movement of Baeocytes and Its Relation to Wall Structure . 10 Attachment of Baeocytes 13 Internal Fine Structure of the Cell 15 PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT . 15 Dennocarpa. 16 Xenococcus . 1.8. 18 Derano ella . r.p.2.2. 22 Myxorcuna . 29 Chroococcidiopes . 29.29 PleKurocapsa Group . 32 Strains of subgroup I 35 Strains of subgroup I . 1.1. 35 Comparison of Pleurocapsalean Developmental Cycles 37 TAXONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 37 Circumscription of the Order Pleurocapales . 37 Order Pleurocapsales 39 Redefinition of Pleurocapsalean Genera . 40 Dernocarpa 40 Xenococcus0. 40 Dermnocarpell a . 40 Myxosarec a.4. 0. 40 Chroococcidiopsi . 40. 40 Pleurocapsa Group . 40 Limitations of Field Studies on Cyanobacteria . 40 Species Identification . 42 LITERATURE CITED 42
Public Health Models of Mental Health Care for Elderly Populations

During the past 30 years, the growth of geriatric psychiatry services has been dramatic. Indeed, the majority of developed countries can boast of an impressive range of hospital-based, community-based, and long-term-care programs (Reifler & Cohen, 1998). For the most part, these services are traditional clinical services: The client (or caretaker) identifies a problem and the mental health professional offers comprehensive assessment and treatment.
Service-Oriented Life Cycle Modeling: The Shift from Web Services to Enterprise Services

The discontent over the limited capability of Web services to reflect the organizationpsilas business model, and efficiently adhere to business strategies and requirements, caused a shift in business thinking. As a result, the enterprise has been recognizing the need for a more generalized model for services. This trend introduced a more abstracted notion of a service: a ldquometa-servicerdquo that can better explain business imperatives, foster business reuse, reduce time-to-market, and encourage asset consolidation across the enterprise. The recently published book which is also the base for this discussion: ldquoservice-oriented modeling: service analysis, design, and architecturerdquo provides answers to these organizational concerns.
Incidence of antibodies to interferon-beta in patients treated with recombinant human interferon-beta 1a from mammalian cells.

Patients receiving recombinant human interferon-beta 1a (IFN-beta 1a) produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were tested for the formation of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) to IFN-beta. Samples were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and if positive were then tested for neutralization of antiviral activity in an IFN-beta bioassay. A total of 793 patients with viral diseases, premalignant and malignant diseases, and multiple sclerosis received IFN-beta 1a in clinical studies. Long-term studies included 56 patients with cancer treated for 6 or 12 months and 334 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the end of one year of treatment. All of the NAB-positive patients were found in the latter. Positivity in a single specimen was found in 14.4% of the MS patients. The incidence of sustained neutralizing antibody titres (i.e. positive in two tests at least 6 months apart) was 6.9% in this group. Comparison with results from other studies suggests that CHO-derived IFN-beta 1a induces less neutralizing antibody than IFN-beta 1b produced in E. coli.
Spectrum of Mutations in BRCA 1 , BRCA 2 , CHEK 2 , and TP 53 in Families at High Risk of Breast Cancer

INHERITED MUTATIONS IN BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Lifetime risks of breast cancer are as high as 80% among US women with mutations in these genes, and lifetime risks of ovarian cancer are greater than 40% for carriers of the BRCA1 mutation and greater than 20% for carriers of the BRCA2 mutation. Risks for young women with inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are particularly increased. Among white women in the United States, 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases and 10% to 15% of ovarian cancer cases are due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Inherited mutations in other genes also influence risk of breast cancer. Inherited deleterious mutations of the cell cycle regulator CHEK2 are associated with a 2-fold increase in breast cancer risk. Inherited mutations of TP53 in families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and of PTEN in families with Cowden Author Affiliations are listed at the end of this article. Corresponding Author: Mary-Claire King, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195-7720 (mcking@u.washington.edu). Context Genetic testing for inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has become integral to the care of women with a severe family history of breast or ovarian cancer, but an unknown number of patients receive negative (ie, wild-type) results when they actually carry a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Furthermore, other breast cancer genes generally are not evaluated.
Monoclonal antibody MOC‐31 reactivity as a marker for adenocarcinoma in cytologic preparations

It has been shown previously that detection of the epithelial membrane antigen using the mouse monoclonal antibody MOC‐31 has diagnostic utility in the distinction between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma in body fluids. The current immunohistochemical study confirmed the effectiveness of MOC‐31 as a marker for adenocarcinoma from a broad range of primary sites in body fluid cytology prepared as paraffin sections of cell blocks.
Hepatobiliary MRI: Current concepts and controversies

Evaluation of the liver and biliary system is a frequent indication for abdominal MRI. Hepatobiliary MRI comprises a set of noninvasive techniques that are usually very effective in answering most clinical questions. There are significant limitations, however, as well as considerable variation and disagreement regarding the optimal protocols for standard hepatic MRI and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP). This review discusses pulse sequences most often used in hepatic MRI and MRCP, examines a few sources of controversy in the current literature, and summarizes some recent and future developments in the field. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The statistical properties of sea ice velocity fields

By arguing that the surface pressure field over the Arctic Ocean can be treated as an isotropic, stationary, homogeneous, Gaussian random field, Thorndike estimated a number of covariance functions from two years of data (1979 and 1980). Given the active interest in changes of general circulation quantities and indices in the polar regions during the recent few decades, the spatial correlations in sea ice velocity fields are of particular interest. It is thus natural to ask; "how persistent are these correlations? " To this end, a multi-fractal stochastic treatment is developed to analyze observed Arctic sea ice velocity fields from satellites and buoys for the period 1978 - 2015. Having previously found that the Arctic Equivalent Ice Extent (EIE) has a white noise structure on annual to bi-annual time scales, the connection between EIE and ice motion is assessed. The long-term stationarity of the spatial correlation structure of the velocity fields, and the robustness of their white noise structure on multiple time scales is demonstrated, which (a) combine to explain the white noise characteristics of the EIE on annual to biannual time scales, and (b) explain why the fluctuations in the ice velocity are proportional to fluctuations in the geostrophic winds on time scales of days to months. Moreover, it is shown that the statistical structure of these two quantities is commensurate from days up to years, which may be related to the increasing prevalence of free drift in the ice pack.