Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro susceptibility of OXA-48, NDM, VIM and IMP enzyme- producing Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli to fosfomycin.

INTRODUCTION Infections caused by Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are an important public health issue. Intravenous fosfomycin can be considered as an alternative for the treatment of serious infections caused by CPE. In this study, in vitro activity of fosfomycin was investigated among CPE isolates. METHODOLOGY Overall, 158 clinically relevant isolates obtained from 18 hospitals of 13 cities in Turkey with predetermined carbapenemase types were evaluated in the study, including Escherichia coli (n = 19) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 139). In vitro activity of fosfomycin was determined with agar dilution method. Among Klebsiella spp. , 104 harbored blaOXA-48, 15 isolates carried both blaOXA-48 and blaNDM; three had both blaOXA-48 and blaVIM and nine isolates had blaNDM alone. Four isolates carried only blaVIM and two isolates harbored blaIMP alone. One isolate co-harbored blaVIM and blaNDM. Among E. coli isolates, blaOXA-48 and blaNDM were carried by 18 and one isolates, respectively. RESULTS Resistance to fosfomycin was detected in 43.7% of the isolates. Among Klebsiella spp. and E. coli, these rates were 46.8% and 21.1%, respectively. In Klebsiella spp. resistance to fosfomycin was 49.5% in blaOXA-48 carriers; 26.7% in isolates co-harbouring blaOXA-48 and blaNDM and 66.7% in blaNDM carriers. In E. coli, fosfomycin resistance was detected among 16.7% of the blaOXA-48 carriers. CONCLUSIONS High level of fosfomycin resistance in these isolates may be attributable to the fact that these isolates are multidrug resistant. The genetic background of resistance should also be investigated in order to understand the co-occurrence and transfer of resistance among the CPE.
Association of interleukin-17A gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian children and adolescents: a multi-centre study

Background Recently, the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) gene has emerged as a potential candidate gene for autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether IL-17A polymorphisms at rs2275913 G/A, rs8193036 C/T and rs3748067 C/T could be susceptibility markers for juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in Egyptian children and adolescents. Methods In this multi-centre study, we genotyped 320 patients diagnosed with JSLE and 320 matched control children for three IL-17A polymorphisms at rs2275913 G/A, rs8193036 C/T and rs3748067 C/T using TaqMan probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. Meanwhile, IL-17A serum levels were assessed using ELISA. Results The IL-17 rs2275913 A/A genotype and A allele were more represented in JSLE patients compared to the control group (21% vs. 7%, odds ratio (OR) = 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78–5.5, p = 0.001, pBonf = 0.003 for the A/A genotype; 37% vs. 29%, OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.11–1.8, p = 0.003, pBonf = 0.009 for the A allele. No significant difference was found for IL-17 rs8193036 and rs3748067 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genotype distribution or allele frequencies (p>0.05). Patients carrying the IL-17 rs2275913 A/A genotype and A allele were more likely to develop LN (OR = 5.64, 95% CI 2.39–13.77, pBonf = 0.001 for the A/A genotype; OR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.84–4.07, pBonf = 0.02 for the A allele). Conclusion The IL-17 rs2275913 A allele and A/A genotype were associated with high IL-17 serum levels and may contribute to susceptibility to JSLE and the development of LN in Egyptian children and adolescents. However, no significant association was evident between the studied IL-17A SNPs and other clinical phenotypes, disease activity scores or laboratory profile of JSLE.
The Mushroom TWiG: A Marvelous Mycological Menagerie in the Mountains

Abstract We present an update on efforts to catalog the basidiomycete taxa, particularly the mushroom-forming fungi, of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) for the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. The goals of this project are to: 1) collect, identify, and voucher specimens with the help of visiting mycologists and volunteers; 2) extract DNA, amplify and sequence the nrITS region for barcoding, and deposit these sequences on GenBank; and 3) create species web pages for general public use. At present (April 2006), approximately 2000 specimens comprising about 770 species have been collected. As many as 45% are new Park records, and several may represent species new to science. DNA has been extracted from about 1000 specimens, and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region has been amplified and sequenced for about 500 of those. A surprising amount of genetic heterogeneity has been found, in part due to population migration patterns in response to glacial cycles. Studies with Artomyces pyxidatus support this hypothesis, showing distinct contributions from Central America and a second unidentified refugium.
Iflavirus Covert Infection Increases Susceptibility to Nucleopolyhedrovirus Disease in Spodoptera exigua

Naturally occurring covert infections in lepidopteran populations can involve multiple viruses with potentially different transmission strategies. In this study, we characterized covert infection by two RNA viruses, Spodoptera exigua iflavirus 1 (SeIV-1) and Spodoptera exigua iflavirus 2 (SeIV-2) (family Iflaviridae) that naturally infect populations of Spodoptera exigua, and examined their influence on susceptibility to patent disease by the nucleopolyhedrovirus Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) (family Baculoviridae). The abundance of SeIV-1 genomes increased up to ten-thousand-fold across insect developmental stages after surface contamination of host eggs with a mixture of SeIV-1 and SeIV-2 particles, whereas the abundance of SeIV-2 remained constant across all developmental stages. Low levels of SeIV-2 infection were detected in all groups of insects, including those that hatched from surface-decontaminated egg masses. SeIV-1 infection resulted in reduced larval weight gain, and an unbalanced sex ratio, whereas larval developmental time, pupal weight, and adult emergence and fecundity were not significantly affected in infected adults. The inoculation of S. exigua egg masses with iflavirus, followed by a subsequent infection with SeMNPV, resulted in an additive effect on larval mortality. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of SeMNPV was reduced nearly 4-fold and the mean time to death was faster by 12 h in iflavirus-treated insects. These results suggest that inapparent iflavirus infections may be able to modulate the host response to a new pathogen, a finding that has particular relevance to the use of SeMNPV as the basis for biological pest control products.
A Smart Glove Integrated with Tunable MWNTs/PDMS Fibers Made of One-Step Extrusion Method for Finger Dexterity, Gesture and Temperature Recognition.

Flexible wearable devices have proven to be emerging tools for motion monitoring, personal healthcare and rehabilitation training. The development of a multifunctional, flexible sensor and integration of sensors and smart chip for signal reading and transmission play a critical role in building a smart wearable device. In this work, a smart glove based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (MWNTs/PDMS) fibers is developed for gesture and temperature recognition. First, the well tunable, stretchable and thermal-sensitive MWNTs/PDMS fibers are fabricated via a facile and cost-effective one-step extrusion method. The obtained fibers exhibit outstanding linear relationship between resistance change and strain in the range of 0-120% and excellent cyclic stability and durability after 20,000 cycles of 50% tension. They also present a linear relationship of resistance change and temperature of 0.55% ºC-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 in the range of 0 to 100ºC. The fibers, as parts of wearable sensors, are then integrated into a smart glove along with a custom-made data acquisition chip to recognize finger dexterity, gestures and temperature signals and output them through a screen display, an audio system and Bluetooth transmission. The highly integrated, low-cost and multifunctional glove holds great potential for various applications, such as sign language recognition, rehabilitation training and telemedicine in the Internet-of-Things era.
Nursing home residents with advanced dementia and persistent vocalisations: Observations of surrounding context.

PURPOSE Persistent vocalisations are commonly exhibited by persons with dementia and are often characterised as agitation or aggression. There has been little focus on persistent vocalisations independent from other behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia making it difficult to differentiate information about the context that surrounds the person with dementia, including the circumstances and events that precede and accompany the expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the context surrounding persistent vocalisations expressed by older adults residing in nursing homes (NH) with advanced dementia. DESIGN AND METHODS The need-driven dementia-compromised behaviour model informed this qualitative descriptive study. This naturalistic qualitative observational study involved direct observations of nine older adults diagnosed with dementia residing in four NHs and included informal interviews with formal caregivers. Field notes were taken and analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Variability of exhibited persistent vocalisations was both observed by the investigator and explained by NH staff. Two themes emerged from the field notes; Routine of Staying in Room was identified for participants considered 'disruptive' to others, and Providing Care Without Communicating triggered persistent vocalisations. IMPLICATIONS The findings provide insight into the lack of therapeutic interactions between NH staff and persons with advanced dementia and persistent vocalisations residing in NHs. Ongoing, mandatory, evidence-based training on person-centred interventions and dementia care communication for all NH staff globally could have a significant impact on the delivery of holistic quality care for persons with dementia and persistent vocalisations.
An update on efficacy and safety considerations for the latest drugs used to treat irritable bowel syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), globally affecting 11.2% of the population and imposing a direct annual cost of $1.7bn-$10bn in the US, is one of the today’s major therapeutic challenges. Therefore, there is urgent need to address this issue through reviewing the tolerability and efficacy of available medications. Areas covered Over the past decade, related experiments were cited through Clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, WHO ICTRP, and Cochrane library. Pharmacological parameters of approved medications available in the USFDA, EMA, TGA and PMDA were also stated. Expert opinion Anti-spasmodics are used as the first-line treatment in pain-predominant IBS and IBS-D, among which calcium channel blockers and neurokinin-type 2 receptor antagonists seem to replace anti-cholinergic drugs. As second-line treatments, rifaximin is considered to be the best for IBS-D though it has lower efficacy than alosetron and eluxadoline. For IBS-C, linaclotide is the most effective and the safest second-line therapy, following laxatives/fibers, which may be replaced by tenapanor, in the future. When moderate to severe IBS is associated with severe pain or comorbid psychological disorders, gut-brain neuromodulators could also be prescribed. Regarding all this, there is still a paramount need to conduct careful clinical studies on efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of current approved and non-approved treatments.
A temporal perspective on population structure and gene flow in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland, Canada

Studying population structure and gene flow patterns on temporal scales facilitates an evaluation of the conse- quences of demographic, physical, and environmental changes on the stability and persistence of populations. Here, we ex- amine temporal genetic variation within and among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, using samples collected over a period of six decades (1951-2004). Our objective was to evaluate temporal changes in population connectivity associated with the closure of a commercial marine fishery. Despite demographic insta- bility, we find that population structure remained temporally stable over more than 50 years. However, age structure can affect results when not taken into consideration, particularly in populations of large effective size where genetic drift is not strong. Where weak signals of genetic differentiation did not complicate analyses, contemporary migration was often asymmetric, yet low, suggesting patterns of intermittent gene flow. Nevertheless, we find some links between changes in population dynamics and contemporary gene flow. These findings may therefore imply that management decisions impact- ing the contemporary population dynamics of individual Atlantic salmon rivers can also affect the genetic stability of this species as a whole. Resume´ : L'etude de la structure demographique et des patrons de flux genique sur des echelles temporelles facilite l'eva- luation des consequences des changements demographiques, physiques et environnementaux sur la stabiliteet la persis- tance des populations. Nous examinons ici la variation genetique temporelle au sein des rivieres et entre les rivieres a ` saumons (Salmo salar )aTerre-Neuve et au Labrador, Canada, al'aide d'echantillons preleves au cours de six decennies (1951-2004). Notre objectif est d'evaluer les changements temporels de connectivitedes populations associesala ferme- ture d'une peche commerciale marine. Malgrel'instabilitedemographique, la structure de la population est demeuree stable dans le temps pendant plus de 50 ans. Cependant, si on ne tient pas compte de la structure en age, cela peut affecter les resultats particulierement dans les populations de forte taille effective dans lesquelles la derive genetique n'est pas ele- vee. Lorsque de faibles signaux de differenciation genetique ne compliquent pas les analyses, la migration contemporaine est souvent asymetrique, mais faible, ce qui laisse croire a des patrons de flux genique intermittents. Neanmoins, il existe des liens entre les changements dans la dynamique de population et le flux genique du moment. Ces resultats peuvent donc avoir comme consequence que les decisions de gestion qui affectent la dynamique de population aun moment donne ´ dans les differentes rivieres asaumon atlantique peuvent aussi impacter la stabilitegenetique de l'espece dans son en- semble. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Book review

Michael Dawson provides a thoughtful discussion of the place of connectionism in psychology. His conceptualization of the issues will doubtless be shared by many readers of Connection Science, but the clearness of the exposition and the thoroughness with which he works through his points and provides examples stop the text being an all-too-familiar restatement of connectionism’s guiding assumptions. Dawson takes to heart Braitenberg’s (1984) law of ‘uphill analysis and downhill synthesis’– namely that to understand a behaviour by decomposing it into hypothetical components is harder than to generate a behaviour using a given set of simple components. An ancillary assumption is that humans have a tendency to overestimate vastly the causal complexity of behavioural phenomena – complex and diverse behaviours can turn out to be the products of simple and unified mechanisms. In a sense this is the driving message of much of connectionism. Dawson’s case is that connectionism is a vehicle for conducting ‘synthetic psychology’. Embodied cognitive science is a synthetic tradition, but one that has a history of being hostile to representation. Often the focus has been on demonstrating that seemingly cognitive behaviours can be produced by mere sensory-motor loops and a tight coupling of brain, body and the environment.Although this has validated the synthetic tradition, it has left unaddressed core themes that do, indisputably, involve the neural representation of information. Connectionism provides the set of simple components that allow the investigation of these, truly psychological, phenomena. Using case studies of modelling he shows how connectionism brings representational issues within the scope of the synthetic approach and thus provides insight and surprises that analytic approaches miss. Connectionist models are usefully put on a continuum of types of modelling from analytic models of data, through the models of mathematical psychology to the synthetic (including connectionist) models. This allows the differences between the models traditionally familiar to psychologists and connectionist models to be drawn out. In particular, Dawson argues that it is inappropriate to assess synthetic models by the traditional criterion of their goodness of fit to the data (on this also see Roberts and Pashler 2000). Also, unlike statistical models of data or the models of mathematical psychology, complete formal analysis is not the aim of connectionist models. In theoretical terms their power to fit data is unlimited – their value to psychology is not in what they can theoretically be made to do, but in what they can practically be made to do under a particular – and known – set of constraints. Unlike straight models of data, with connectionist models it is difficult to define exactly what is being fitted. The internal
Biogeography of Neurergus strauchii barani Öz, 1994 and N. s. strauchii (Steindachner, 1887) (Amphibia: Salamandridae) assessed using morphological and molecular data

Five new locations of N. strauchii are reported from Turkey, closing the gap between the two subspecies N. s. barani and N. s. strauchii . A molecular analysis based on 829 base pairs from two mitochondrial ribosomal genes (12S and 16S rRNA), together with geographical data from the area concerned, indicate all new populations found are very closely related to the mitochondrial sequences from specimens of N. s. strauchii from its type locality and suggest the river Euphrates might have acted as a natural barrier separating the only populations of N. s. barani known to date from all other populations of N. s. strauchii . A morphological analysis of all N. strauchii populations sampled for this study indicates that belly patterns are not a good diagnostic character to differentiate between N. s. barani and N. s. strauchii , suggesting the only reliable morphological taxonomic character that allows their identification is the different number of yellow spots in adult specimens, which is significantly higher in N. s. strauchii . The analyses also indicate that the number of spots is similar between sub-adult and adult N. s. barani but significantly different between sub-adult and adult specimens of N. s. strauchii , suggesting there is also a difference between both subspecies in increase in the number of spots during maturation. Listed by IUCN as vulnerable and protected by the Bern Convention (1979), our findings indicate N. s. strauchii is more widely distributed than previously thought, while N. s. barani would be restricted to just a few localities. Disturbance of its prime habitat, mountain brooks, and uncontrolled illegal collection, especially of N. s. barani, are still the main threats to the Anatolia newt throughout its known distribution range.
Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals

• Presents in-depth, comprehensive descriptions of domestic animal function and dysfunction • Emphasizes clinical relevance, with clinical correlations, notes of relevance, and self-assessment questions featuring situations likely to be faced in practice • Offers pedagogical features, including chapter outlines and introductions, key terms throughout the book, additional images, questions to enhance learning, and self-assessment exercises • Distills the most useful information for ease of use, with improved continuity and reduced repetition • Includes a companion website offering review questions and answers and the figures from the book in PowerPoint
Social Media: Attraction or Addiction?

Social networking, which is one of the main products and tool of web 2.0, attracts all age peoples from the society to its virtual world and citizens. It offers a variety of opportunities to the young peoples to go beyond their limited real world to unlimited virtual world where they can do anything without any formal restrictions. Youths are the easiest victim of this virtual world’s problems. Social media addiction is now being considered as psychological disorder in all around the world. This study aims to determine level of social media addiction. Social media addiction level shows a continuous increase in daily life internet consumption. Frequently visiting on social media platforms also responsible for the development of social media addiction. This survey was done on the students of Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India. In the survey 200 students participated from School of Education and School of Law & Governance. Among the participants 41% were female and 59% were male. Most of them were Facebook and WhatsApp users. After going through the research, it was found that among the participants most of them were addicted to social media. Most of the participants didn’t have addiction to social media. Social Media Addiction was not significantly differing on the basis of gender, but male students were more addicted to social media. Due to expansion of Internet availability, rural students were more addicted in comparison to urban students. Overall, student studying under School of Education were more addicted.