Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Informal Actors Of Plastic Waste Recycling In Semarang City

ABSTRA K Kegiatan daur ulang sampah di Kota Semarang dapat dilakukan dengan cukup baik berkat campur tangan dari sektor informal. Sayangnya, kegiatan pengelolaan sampah formal tidak mempertimbangkan nilai pemulihan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aliran sampah plastik di sektor informal di Kota Semarang. Peneliti menggunakan wawancara mendalam untuk mengumpulkan data. Ada 46 agen daur ulang, termasuk lima (5) pemulung, 17 pengepul 20 perusahaan skala kecil, tiga (3) perusahaan skala besar, dan 1 perantara (pabrik penggilingan plastik) yang telah diwawancarai. Data dari Badan Lingkungan Hidup Kota Semarang digunakan sebagai data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sampah plastik yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing agen daur ulang diperkirakan 23,98 kg/ hari di tingkat pemulung, 54,74 kg/ hari di tingkat pengepul, 347,48 kg / hari di tingkat perusahaan skala kecil, 1.735,3 kg / hari di tingkat perusahaan skala besar, dan 2.160 kg / hari di tingkat perantara. Produsen bijih plastik daur ulang berlokasi di luar Kota Semarang, sedangkan bank sampah berbasis masyarakat adalah bagian dari pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat yang tidak mencari keuntungan. Oleh karena itu, tidak dibahas secara mendalam di penelitian ini. Kata kunci : sampah plastik, aliran sampah, agen daur ulang ABSTRA CT Waste recycling activities in Semarang City can be conducted quite well due to the interference of the informal sector. Unfortunately, the formal waste management activities do not consider the utilization of waste recovery value. This study aims to identify the flow of plastic waste in the informal sector in Semarang City. We used in-depth interviews to collect data. There are 46 recycling agents, including five (5) scavengers, 17 scrap dealers, 20 small scale enterprises, three (3) large scale enterprises, and 1 intermediate (plastic grinding mill) that has been interviewed. Data from The Environment Agency of Semarang City obtained as secondary data. The results showed that the amount of plastic waste generated by each recycling agent was estimated at 23.98 kg/day at the scavenger level, 54.74 kg/day at the scrap dealer level, 347.48 kg/day at the small scale enterprise level, 1,735.3 kg / day days at large scale enterprise level, and 2,160 kg/day at the level of plastic waste intermediates. Recycled plastic ore producers are located outside Semarang City, whereas the community-based waste bank is part of community based solid waste management that is not looking for profit. Hence, it is not discussed in depth in this study. Keywords : plastic waste, waste flow, recycling agent
Evolution and Diversification of Kiwifruit Mitogenomes through Extensive Whole-Genome Rearrangement and Mosaic Loss of Intergenic Sequences in a Highly Variable Region

Abstract Angiosperm mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are notable for their extreme diversity in both size and structure. However, our current understanding of this diversity is limited, and the underlying mechanism contributing to this diversity remains unclear. Here, we completely assembled and compared the mitogenomes of three kiwifruit (Actinidia) species, which represent an early divergent lineage in asterids. We found conserved gene content and fewer genomic repeats, particularly large repeats (>1 kb), in the three mitogenomes. However, sequence transfers such as intracellular events are variable and dynamic, in which both ancestral shared and recently species-specific events as well as complicated transfers of two plastid-derived sequences into the nucleus through the mitogenomic bridge were detected. We identified extensive whole-genome rearrangements among kiwifruit mitogenomes and found a highly variable V region in which fragmentation and frequent mosaic loss of intergenic sequences occurred, resulting in greatly interspecific variations. One example is the fragmentation of the V region into two regions, V1 and V2, giving rise to the two mitochondrial chromosomes of Actinidia chinensis. Finally, we compared the kiwifruit mitogenomes with those of other asterids to characterize their overall mitogenomic diversity, which identified frequent gain/loss of genes/introns across lineages. In addition to repeat-mediated recombination and import-driven hypothesis of genome size expansion reported in previous studies, our results highlight a pattern of dynamic structural variation in plant mitogenomes through global genomic rearrangements and species-specific fragmentation and mosaic loss of intergenic sequences in highly variable regions on the basis of a relatively large ancestral mitogenome.
The effect of the relationship of some variables to mathematics teachers and its relationship to teaching

In order to properly situate the problem in its context, attention will first be drawn to a definition of motivation and its impact on student success. Second, we will follow up on the impact that living in a disadvantaged environment can have on student motivation. Finally, the relationship between the teacher and the student will be put forward so as to understand the importance it can take as a protective factor in a school career. This first chapter will end with the formulation of the general objective.
A Two-Fold Approach to Tackle Fake News

: With the revolution and growth of the media industry, and development of new mediums to update citizens with the latest news, in recent years there has been a spurt in the production of articles spreading fake information. Many media channels leverage on the concept of spreading eye-catching malicious news that attracts readers which has been proven to be quite dangerous in most cases. These channels post an exaggerated version of the truth, thus leading to an emerging trend of spreading fake news. To tackle this problem, we propose a two-step solution involving machine learning and block chain. The proposed solution consists of a news verification portal using a two-fold approach, which first detects whether the news article is fake or real leveraging the accuracy of a machine learning algorithm and then verifies the source using human crowd auditors on a block chain platform based on proof-of-stake.
Is there hope for spinal muscular atrophy synthetic pharmacotherapy?

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the leading genetic cause of infant death. SMA is recessively inherited and has a carrier frequency of 1:35 to 1:50 and an incidence of 1:6,000 to 1:10,000 live births [1,2]. The disease is caused by the homozygous loss of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Typical SMA patients show progressive degeneration of the α-motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, eventually leading to muscle atrophy [3]. Based on the severity and age of onset, SMA is classified in five subtypes ranging from type 0, the most severe form, to type IV, the mildest form. 50% of patients suffer from severe SMA type I. Without treatment, SMA type I patients never learn to sit or walk and usually diewithin the first two years of life, with mean life expectancy of seven months [3]. On the other end of the spectrum, SMA type IV is a slow progressing disease, with an onset later in life (>30 years) [4]. The major underlying reason for this heterogeneity of disease expression is the unique genetic background of SMA. While homozygous loss of the disease gene SMN1 causes SMA, the gene copy number of the main modifying gene SMN2 correlates with the severity. This correlation (the more SMN2 copies, the milder the phenotype) can be explained by the genetic similarity of SMN1 and SMN2 (reviewed in [5]). During evolution, the SMN1 gene was duplicated in primates and later mutated into SMN2. Therefore, SMN1 and SMN2 differ only in 5 nucleotide exchanges, all of which do not affect the protein translation. However, the crucial difference, the translationally silent C to T transition in exon 7, disrupts an exonic splicing enhancer and creates an exonic splicing silencer, resulting in mis-splicing of SMN2 exon 7 [6,7]. In fact, only 10% of SMN2 transcripts produce a full-length protein that is functional, while 90% lack exon 7, encoding a dysfunctional protein that undergoes rapid degradation [8]. This unique genetic setting in which every patient carries at least one (usually more) copy of the major genetic modifier provides an interesting therapeutic target for SMA.
Thermodynamic limit of the two-spinon form factors for the zero field XXX chain

In this paper we propose a method based on the algebraic Bethe ansatz leading to explicit results for the form factors of quantum spin chains in the thermodynamic limit. Starting from the determinant representations we retrieve in particular the formula for the two-spinon form factors for the isotropic XXX Heisenberg chain obtained initially in the framework of the q-vertex operator approach.
Die Auswirkungen von Kindergartengebühren auf die Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen mit Kindern

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Frage, inwieweit sich die Abschaffung von Kindergartengebuhren auf die Erwerbstatigkeit von Frauen mit Kindern unter sechs Jahren auswirkt. Den Anstos zur Arbeit bot die Abschaffung der Gebuhren im Bundesland Wien im Herbst 2009. Fur die Analyse wird eine „Difference in differences“-Schatzung durchgefuhrt, bei der Wien mit anderen urbanen Regionen in Osterreich verglichen wird. Der Beobachtungszeitraum umfasst das Jahr vor (2008) und das Jahr nach (2010) der Gebuhrenabschaffung. Mit Daten aus dem Mikrozensus wird das Ausmas an Wochenarbeitsstunden der Frauen durch soziookonomische Faktoren erklart. Da Frauenerwerbstatigkeit durch eine Vielzahl an (un)beobachtbaren Faktoren determiniert wird und Kinderbetreuung nur einen Teil zur Erklarung beitragt, resultiert die empirische Analyse der Auswirkung der Gebuhren auf die Frauenerwerbstatigkeit in keinen signifikanten Effekten.
The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Banks’ Cost of Equity: Evidence from European Banks

This study examines how mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in European countries affects banks’ cost of equity. Supporters of IFRS argue that its adoption improves the quality of accounting information, which in turn decreases the cost of equity. However, banking regulators could intervene in the implementation of new accounting standards to protect the stability of the banking system, which would deteriorate banks’ information environment and thereby increase the cost of equity. Using a regression analysis of European listed bank data, I find that banks’ cost of equity increases after the adoption of IFRS in countries with strong bank supervisory offices. I also find that strong legal enforcement and additional disclosure requirements jointly reduce banks’ cost of equity, but pre-IFRS inconsistencies between local accounting standards and regulatory standards jointly increase banks’ cost of equity. This study contributes to the literature on market discipline in banking and has policy implications: The findings suggest that, when implementing new accounting standards, potential conflicts between financial reporting and banking regulations should be considered.
The Brittle‐Plastic Transition, Earthquakes, Temperatures, and Strain Rates

Maximum depths of earthquakes in different settings are commonly thought to lie within a transition, many kilometers in width, from brittle deformation at shallow depths to plastic deformation by high‐temperature creep at greater depth. A review of temperatures and strain rates, both of which are low in intraplate settings, shows faster deformation in warmer tectonically active regions and highest strain rates in regions where the movement of magma affects strain rates and temperatures are especially high. Although intraplate earthquakes appear to occur in oceanic lithosphere only where colder than ~600°C, in tectonically active regions, where strain rates are several orders of magnitude higher than intraplate settings, earthquakes occur where temperatures exceed 600°C and perhaps 800°C. The temperature cutoff increases by ~100°C as strain rates increase by ~2 to 2.5 orders of magnitude. Nowhere, however, do any two of average strain rates, background stresses, and temperatures seem to be determined well enough that, when combined with laboratory‐based flow laws for high‐temperature creep, they can place a tight constraint on the third of these quantities. At the same time, the pattern of higher temperatures at higher strain rates follows the general forms of power law and Peierls creep that are appropriate for lithospheric conditions.
Subthreshold Exudative Choroidal Neovascularization Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Identified by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Purpose: This article describes the clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of subthreshold exudative choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Among 3773 patients with AMD, 8 eyes (6 patients) were identified with the clinical phenotype of interest. Dilated fundus examinations, color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed. Results: OCT typically showed a moderately reflective irregular pigment epithelial detachment with overlying subretinal fluid (SRF). Traditional FA did not show leakage and ICGA showed no definitive neovascular network or hot spots. However, OCTA clearly demonstrated a CNV within the pigment epithelial detachment. The majority of our cases (7 of 8) did not receive antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, and visual acuity remained stable over the available follow-up period of 1 to 10 years. Conclusions: CNV is often associated with SRF and vision loss in AMD, usually requiring frequent anti-VEGF injections. OCTA allowed us to better identify CNV not readily detected on FA and ICGA. Although some have suggested early clinical intervention with anti-VEGF injections in any case with fluid and confirmed CNV on OCTA, we describe a subset of AMD patients with SRF who may be better managed by observation. These cases may represent a more indolent, mature, and stable vascular network.
Genetic Properties Responsible for the Transgressive Segregation of Days to Heading in Rice

Transgressive segregation produces hybrid progeny phenotypes that exceed the parental phenotypes. Unlike heterosis, extreme phenotypes caused by transgressive segregation are heritably stable. We examined transgressive phenotypes of flowering time in rice, and revealed transgressive segregation in F2 populations derived from a cross between parents with similar (proximal) days to heading (DTH). The DTH phenotypes of the A58 × Kitaake F2 progenies were frequently more extreme than those of either parent. These transgressive phenotypes were maintained in the F3 and F4 populations. Both A58 and Kitaake are japonica rice cultivars adapted to Hokkaido, Japan, which is a high-latitude region, and have a short DTH. Among the four known loci required for a short DTH, three loci had common alleles in A58 and Kitaake, implying there is a similar genetic basis for DTH between the two varieties. A genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis based on the F4 population identified five new quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with transgressive DTH phenotypes. Each of these QTL had different degrees of additive effects on DTH, and two QTL had an epistatic effect on each other. Thus, a genome-wide SNP analysis facilitated the detection of genetic loci associated with extreme DTH phenotypes, and revealed that the transgressive phenotypes were produced by exchanging the complementary alleles of a few minor QTL in the similar parental phenotypes.
The efficacy of physical therapy on the improvement of the motor components of visual attention in children with cerebral palsy: a case series study

This paper has attempted to compare the effects of Bobath’s concept with control’s session on the improvement of visual attention in children with cerebral palsy. A 10 children sample (7 girls and 3 boys) aged 6 to 16 years (median, 12 years) was collected. The group who had received Bobath-based treatment crossed-over to control treatment and the previous control group received Bobath-based treatment for once a week. Measures were assessed at pre- and posttreatment. Outcome measure included the visual attention, we used Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). Bobath’s session targeted to crossed-over participants produced greater improvements in K-CPT(RT) (difference=33.1, P<0.05) at posttreatment compared to the control’s session group, whereas the improvement of K-CPT did not differ between groups. The results of this case series study showed a significant improvement on visual attention through the improvement of motor control functions after the Bobath’s session over the control’s session.
Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Antibody Lacnotuzumab in a Phase 1 Healthy Volunteer Study and Mechanistic Investigation of Safety Outcomes

The colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor pathway has been implicated in a variety of diseases, and CSF-1–dependent mechanisms are also involved in bloodborne protein clearance. Lacnotuzumab is a novel, high-affinity, humanized, anti–CSF-1 monoclonal antibody that prevents CSF-1–mediated receptor activation. This phase 1, two-part, double-blind study in healthy volunteers assessed the safety and tolerability of lacnotuzumab and its pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties. Part A (n = 36) was a single, ascending-dose assessment of eight lacnotuzumab doses (0.01–20 mg/kg); in part B (n = 16), lacnotuzumab was administered at either 5 or 10 mg/kg. In each study cohort, individuals were randomized 3:1 to lacnotuzumab or placebo. Lacnotuzumab was generally well tolerated. At higher doses (10 and 20 mg/kg), creatine kinase (CK) elevations (>5× the upper limit of normal, but asymptomatic and reversible) and mild transient periorbital swelling were reported. Most adverse events (AEs) were low-grade, no unexpected or novel AEs were observed, and there were no discontinuations for AEs. Free, unbound lacnotuzumab serum concentration–time profiles showed nonlinear PK across doses from 0.01 to 20 mg/kg, with faster apparent elimination at lower doses or concentrations; this finding was consistent with apparent target-mediated drug disposition. Lacnotuzumab also showed dose-dependent, on-target effects on multiple downstream biomarkers. Preclinical investigations of the CK elevation and periorbital swelling observed after lacnotuzumab administration suggest that these are reversible, nonpathological events linked to inhibition of the CSF-1 pathway. These data support further evaluation of lacnotuzumab in clinical studies.
No “Self” Advantage for Audiovisual Speech Aftereffects

Although the default state of the world is that we see and hear other people talking, there is evidence that seeing and hearing ourselves rather than someone else may lead to visual (i.e., lip-read) or auditory “self” advantages. We assessed whether there is a “self” advantage for phonetic recalibration (a lip-read driven cross-modal learning effect) and selective adaptation (a contrastive effect in the opposite direction of recalibration). We observed both aftereffects as well as an on-line effect of lip-read information on auditory perception (i.e., immediate capture), but there was no evidence for a “self” advantage in any of the tasks (as additionally supported by Bayesian statistics). These findings strengthen the emerging notion that recalibration reflects a general learning mechanism, and bolster the argument that adaptation depends on rather low-level auditory/acoustic features of the speech signal.
Integrin β1 Promotes the Interaction of Murine IgG3 with Effector Cells

Key Points The mouse α4/β1 integrin is important in the binding of IgG3 Abs to macrophages. Phagocytosis mediated by mIgG3 Abs depends on the α4/β1 integrin. The α4/β1 integrin is a new receptor and/or part of a receptor complex for IgG3. Abs exert several of their effector functions by binding to cell surface receptors. For murine IgG3 (mIgG3), the identity of its receptors (and the very existence of a receptor) is still under debate, as not all mIgG3 functions can be explained by interaction with FcγRI. This implies the existence of an alternate receptor, whose identity we sought to pinpoint. We found that blockage of integrin β1 selectively hampered binding of mIgG3 to macrophages and mIgG3-mediated phagocytosis. Manganese, an integrin activator, increased mIgG3 binding to macrophages. Blockage of FcγRI or Itgb1 inhibited binding of different mIgG3 Abs to variable extents. Our results are consistent with the notion that Itgb1 functions as part of an IgG receptor complex. Given the more ancient origin of integrins in comparison with FcγR, this observation could have far-ranging implications for our understanding of the evolution of Ab-mediated immunity as well as in immunity to microorganisms, pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and Ab engineering. Visual Abstract
Phonon engineering with superlattices: Generalized nanomechanical potentials

Acoustic phonons constitute a promising platform for single-particle quantum simulations. To this end, the implementation of effective phononic potentials is a key requirement. In this work, the authors propose a method to mimic the effects of one-dimensional potentials on high-frequency acoustic phonons. Based on perturbed periodic superlattices, the theoretical study introduces nanostructures that are much more compact than previous implementations. This compactness enables the realization of experimental studies, even when absorption effects are considered.
What Kind of Disagreement Favors Reason-Giving? Analyzing Online Political Discussions across the Broader Public Sphere

This study adopts a systemic approach, focusing on real-world online discussions in legislative-, media-, and activist-based forums, to explore a set of factors that affects reasoned disagreement in digital environments. While conventional analysis investigates the effects of disagreement on civic and political participation, this study unpacks forms of disagreement that retain a principled link with reason-giving. Our findings demonstrate that context matters for shaping online communication, but that other variables have even stronger correlations. Specifically, moderating disagreement—conceptualized as a way of disagreeing that nevertheless signals a background of agreement in the conversation—strongly increases the likelihood of justificatory behavior, and it does so in more categories than bold disagreement. In conclusion, we argue that forms of disagreement and their respective consequences deserve more empirical and normative attention, not only to advance debates on deliberation but also to critically understand the communicative complexities in a new media landscape.
Designing Power Grid Topologies for Minimizing Network Disturbances: An Exact MILP Formulation

The dynamic response of power grids to small transient events or persistent stochastic disturbances influences their stable operation. This paper studies the effect of topology on the linear time-invariant dynamics of power networks. For a variety of stability metrics, a unified framework based on the $H$2-norm of the system is presented. The proposed framework assesses the robustness of power grids to small disturbances and is used to study the optimal placement of new lines on existing networks as well as the design of radial (tree) and meshed (loopy) topologies for new networks. Although the design task can be posed as a mixed-integer semidefinite program (MI-SDP), its performance does not scale well with network size. Using McCormick relaxation, the topology design problem can be reformulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). To improve the computation time, graphical properties are exploited to provide tighter bounds on the continuous optimization variables. Numerical tests on the IEEE 39-bus feeder demonstrate the efficacy of the optimal topology in minimizing disturbances.