Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ar X iv : c on d-m at / 0 51 06 77 v 2 [ co nd-m at . s of t ] 2 8 O ct 2 00 5 Amorphous Systems in Athermal , Quasistatic Shear

We present results on a series of 2D atomistic computer simulations of amorphous systems subjected to simple shear in the athermal, quasistatic limit. The athermal quasistatic trajectories are shown to separate into smooth, reversible elastic branches which are intermittently broken by discrete catastrophic plastic events. The onset of a typical plastic event is studied with precision, and it is shown that the mode of the system which is responsible for the loss of stability has structure in real space which is consistent with a quadrupolar source acting on an elastic matrix. The plastic events themselves are shown to be composed of localized shear transformations which organize into lines of slip which span the length of the simulation cell, and a mechanism for the organization is discussed. Although within a single event there are strong spatial correlations in the deformation, we find little correlation from one event to the next, and these transient lines of slip are not to be confounded with the persistent regions of localized shear — so-called ”shear bands” — found in related studies. The slip lines gives rise to particular scalings with system length of various measures of event size. Strikingly, data obtained using three differing interaction potentials can be brought into quantitative agreement after a simple rescaling, emphasizing the insensitivity of the emergent plastic behavior in these disordered systems to the precise details of the underlying interactions. The results should be relevant to understanding plastic deformation in systems such as metallic glasses well below their glass temperature, soft glassy systems (such as dense emulsions), or compressed granular materials.
Entrenamiento De Redes Neuronales Recurrentes Para Sistemas Dinámicos Tipo NARMAX Y NOE

⎯ This work focuses on different training methods of a recurrent neural network acting as a non linear dynamical model of a system. Depending on how noise affects the system it is necessary to make a choice between a directed or semidirected training method. A Matlab® program was developed which includes an adaptation of a first-order gradient algorithm to a second-order Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation-through-time algorithm. A comparative analyses between the two already mentioned methods applied to recurrent neural networks acting as non-linear models of two different dynamic systems (NOE, NARMAX) was performed. Some statistical indexes like the Index of Agreement (IA), the Akaike Criterion (useful for evaluating the model complexity) and the Prediction Error Variance were used. Results verified the need of a good choice of the training method. In fact when an incorrect method was chosen the prediction error variance becomes greater than the noise variance, the Akaike index increases and the IA slightly decreases. Keywords⎯ Backpropagation Through Time, Recurrent Neural Networks, Non-linear Dynamic Systems. Resumen⎯ En este trabajo se lleva a cabo una comparación entre diferentes métodos de entrenamiento de redes neuronales recurrentes para sistemas dinámicos no lineales afectados de diferente manera por un ruido gaussiano de media cero. Dependiendo de la forma en que el ruido afecta al sistema es necesario escoger entre un entrenamiento dirigido o semi-dirigido. Un programa en Matlab® se desarrolló, el cual incluye una adaptación de un algoritmo de gradiente de primer orden para retropropagación en el tiempo en otro de segundo orden tipo Levenberg-Marquardt. Se utilizaron índices estadísticos como el Índice de Adecuación, el Criterio de Akaike (para evaluar la complejidad del modelo) y la Varianza del Error de Predicción. Los resultados revelan que una mala elección del método de entrenamiento deriva en que la Varianza del Error de Predicción es mayor que la varianza del ruido de los datos, el Criterio de Akaike crece al mismo tiempo que el IA levemente disminuye. Palabras-clave⎯ Retropropagación en el tiempo, Redes Neuronales Recurrentes, Sistemas Dinámicos no Lineales.
Interneurons Elzbieta Jankowska

In the broadest sense one may consider as interneurons any neurons in pathways between first order sensory neurons and motoneurons. However, usually only neurons with relatively local actions, or relatively short axons, are classified as interneurons. An additional requirement is sometimes that the axons are confined to a given part of the nervous system (a nucleus, one or a couple of segments of the spinal cord, or the gray matter). Which actions are defined as "relatively local," or axons as "relatively short," depends on the animal species and the region of the nervous system. For instance, projection neurons of insects have much shorter axons than many neurons considered as typical interneurons of spinal reflex arcs of vertebrates. The latter may project over distances of more than 30 mm and are indistinguishable from other neurons on the mere basis of axonal length or trajectory. In addition, the subdivision of neurons of a given species into "interneurons" and "other types of neurons" is not sharp, because some neurons with long axons, for example, ascending tract neurons, may also act as locally operating interneurons via their initial axon-collaterals.
STAR FORMATION EFFICIENCY IN THE BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 4303

We present new 12CO (J = 1 − 0) observations of the barred galaxy NGC 4303 using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (NRO45) and the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). The Hα images of barred spiral galaxies often show active star formation in spiral arms, but less so in bars. We quantify the difference by measuring star formation rate (SFR) and star formation efficiency (SFE) at a scale where local star formation is spatially resolved. Our CO map covers the central 2. ′3 region of the galaxy; the combination of NRO45 and CARMA provides a high fidelity image, enabling accurate measurements of molecular gas surface density. We find that SFR and SFE are twice as high in the spiral arms as in the bar. We discuss this difference in the context of the Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) law, which indicates a constant SFR at a given gas surface density. The KS law breaks down at our native resolution (∼250 pc), and substantial smoothing (to 500 pc) is necessary to reproduce the KS law, although with greater scatter.
Price Transmission, Market Power and Returns to Scale

In this paper, we aim to model the vertical relation between retailers and suppliers in the food industry whereby retailers exercise seller power in their relation with consumers and buyer power in their relation with producers. We then evaluate the degree of price transmission, relative to the perfectly competitive benchmark, from the farm to the retail sector assuming a supply shock. With the view to evaluating the impact of market power's interaction with industry technology on the degree of price transmission, we assume industry technology to be characterised by variable input proportions and non-constant returns to scale. Our model predicts that, relative to that which obtains when markets are perfectly competitive and industry technology is characterised by constant returns to scale, the degree of price transmission when market power and industry technology interact cannot be unambiguously determined.
Production of α1,3-Galactosyltransferase-Deficient Pigs

The enzyme α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT or GGTA1) synthesizes α1,3-galactose (α1,3Gal) epitopes (Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc-R), which are the major xenoantigens causing hyperacute rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Complete removal of α1,3Gal from pig organs is the critical step toward the success of xenotransplantation. We reported earlier the targeted disruption of one allele of the α1,3GT gene in cloned pigs. A selection procedure based on a bacterial toxin was used to select for cells in which the second allele of the gene was knocked out. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that knockout of the second allele of the α1,3GT gene was caused by a T-to-G single point mutation at the second base of exon 9, which resulted in inactivation of the α1,3GT protein. Four healthy α1,3GT double-knockout female piglets were produced by three consecutive rounds of cloning. The piglets carrying a point mutation in the α1,3GT gene hold significant value, as they would allow production of α1,3Gal-deficient pigs free of antibiotic-resistance genes and thus have the potential to make a safer product for human use.
A Study of the Efficacy of the Feingold Diet on Hyperkinetic Children

A study was conducted with 59 children, ages 6 to 14 years, hetero geneously grouped together under the diagnosis of the hyperkinetic, minimal brain dysfunction syndrome. Of 32 who were able to tolerate the Feingold salicylate-low and additive-free diet, 11 were markedly improved. A placebo effect could not definitely be ruled out, but the startling changes seen in patients who had been followed for years with other forms of therapy suggest strongly that this improvement was genuine.
Padrões de referência da pressão plantar no movimento do cão da Serra da Estrela

RESUMO: Neste trabalho caracteriza-se em termos de pressão plantar o movimento do Cão da Serra da Estrela no andamento “Marcha Semelhante ao Pacing” (“Ambladura”). Foram analisados 11 cães Serra da Estrela, isentos de displasia da anca e sem sinais visíveis de patologias que afectem o movimento, recorrendo a um sistema de plataformas de pressão plantar (RSSCAN) com 2 metros de comprimento. Para a caracterização do movimento do Serra da Estrela foi desenvolvido um software de apoio que permite a análise cinética, determinando-se vários parâmetros espaciais, temporais e cinéticos relativos ao movimento do Cão da Serra da Estrela, que poderão servir de referência em futuros estudos sobre patologias do aparelho locomotor.
Non-verbal signals for grounding in embodied conversational agent

In face-to-face conversation, speakers present non-verbal signals collateral with verbal information. Nodding and gazing at a speaker are known to provide positive feedback from listeners, which contributes to establishing common ground (a process called grounding). However, previous theories and computational models of grounding were mainly concerned with verbal grounding acts, and there have not been enough discussion about how nonverbal behaviors are used in the process of grounding. This thesis first compares face-to-face conversation to conversation without co-presence, revealing how nonverbal behaviors are used in the process of grounding in human communication. Results of the analysis show that, in face-to-face communication, non-verbal behaviors are changing during an utterance and a typical transition pattern of non-verbal behaviors is also different depending on the type of verbal act. Then, the implementation of grounding functionality onto an Embodied Conversational Agent is presented. The dialogue state updating mechanism in the Dialogue Manager accesses non-verbal information conveyed by a user and judges the groundedness of presented materials based on the results of empirical study, Thesis Advisor: Justine Cassell Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Non-verbal Signals for Grounding in Embodied Conversational Agent
Modelling the Extended Enterprise

This can be partially explained by the nature of the increasingly interdependent world we occupy, along with the heightened number and diversity of stakeholders involved in the vast majority of modern enterprises. As a result, emergent issues and cascading failures, defined by far-reaching impact within the EE are increasingly becoming the rule rather than the exception, challenging our capacity to effectively and efficiently manage the 21 century organisation (Cantle et. al. 2013).
Potential water-holding capacity and short-chain fatty acid production from purified fiber sources in a fecal incubation system.

Liquid enteral diets supplemented with dietary fiber, typically soy fiber, are in widespread use to increase stool bulking and maintain gastrointestinal function. Yeast cells, containing beta-glucans, represent another commercially available fiber source that could be added to enteral diets. The objective of this study was to compare commercially available purified fiber sources, i.e., mixed fiber (Fibrad), psyllium hydrocolloid (Metamucil), and yeast cell walls (Fibercel), for potential use in liquid diets in terms of potential water-holding capacity (PWHC) and SCFA production (mmol SCFA/g organic matter [OM]). Fiber samples were fermented in vitro with human fecal microbiota from three donors for 24 h, and SCFA production was greatest from beta-glucan (8.24 mmol/g OM), followed by psyllium (5.57 mmol/g OM) and mixed fiber (4.50 mmol/g OM) (p less than 0.0001). WHCs of the original materials (g H2O/g OM) differed (p less than 0.02) at 4.59, 5.79, and 8.63 for beta-glucan, mixed fiber, and psyllium, respectively. PWHC (g H2O/g OM), an in vitro measure of stool bulking, differed (p less than 0.0001) with psyllium (4.48) greater than mixed fiber (3.52) greater than beta-glucan (2.22). These three fiber systems appear to have distinctly different physiological effects in vivo. Of the three products, mixed fiber was the most inert. Psyllium seems to enhance both SCFA production and stool bulk relative to mixed fiber, whereas beta-glucan most significantly increases SCFA production with a minimal effect on stool bulk.
Representation and Classification of Human Movement Using Temporal Templates and Statistical Measure of Similarity

Abstract The view-based approach for representation of human gestures and K -nearest neighbor technique for classification is evaluated for per formance. The view based approach collapses temporal component into gesture representation in a way that no explicit sequence matching or temporal analysis is needed. This results in the construction of M otion History Image (M HI), which character izes the motion from a very high dimensional space to a low dimensional space. The seven Hu Image moments are computed from M HI, which are then modified to be invar iant to translation, rotation and scale. The recognition criter ion is established by a nearest neighbour techniqueusing M ahalanobisdistance.
Predicting the emotions expressed in music

We introduce a two-alternative forced-choice experimental paradigm to quantify expressed emotions in music using the two wellknown arousal and valence (AV) dimensions. In order to produce AV scores from the pairwise comparisons and to visualize the locations of excerpts in the AV space, we introduce a flexible Gaussian process (GP) framework which learns from the pairwise comparisons directly. A novel dataset is used to evaluate the proposed framework and learning curves show that the proposed framework needs relative few comparisons in order to achieve satisfactory performance. This is further supported by visualizing the learned locations of excerpts in the AV space. Finally, by examining the predictive performance of the user-specific models we show the importance of modeling subjects individually due to significant subjective differences.
University–Industry Relationships and the Role of the Individual

In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer processes between academia and industry. Although there is growing evidence that the characteristics of individual researchers are important when explaining cases of successful transfer, few studies have taken the individual researcher as their unit of analysis. This study uses social network theory techniques to gain a better insight into knowledge transfer processes. In particular, the authors study how the characteristics of ties among individuals and the interdisciplinary and pervasive nature of research affect the diversity of knowledge transfer activities. To this end, an empirical study was conducted among researchers in the field of nanotechnology, a sector chosen for its interdisciplinary nature and expected pervasiveness. Data were collected using a survey carried out in Spain and The Netherlands, allowing the authors to correct for environmental and contextual effects.
The visual light field Perception

Human observers are sensitive to the `(physical) light field' in the sense that they have expectations of how a given object would appear if it were introduced in the scene in front of them at some arbitrary location. Thus the `visual light field' is defined even in the `empty space' between objects. In that sense the light field is akin to visual space considered as a c̀ontainer'. The visual light field at any given point can be measured in psychophysical experiments through the introduction of a suitable `gauge object' at that position and letting the observer adjust the appearance of that gauge object (eg through suitable computer rendering) so as to produce a `visual fit' into the scene. The parameters of the rendering will then be considered as the measurement result. We introduced white spheres as gauge objects at various locations in stereoscopically presented photographic scenes. We measured the direction (`direction of the light'), diffuseness (`quality of the light' as used by photographers and interior decorators), and intensity of the light field. We used three very different scenes, with very different physical light fields. The images were geometrically and photometrically calibrated, so we were in a position to correlate the observations with the physical `ground truth'. We report that human observers are quite sensitive to various parameters of the physical light field and generally arrive at close to veridical settings, although a number of comparatively minor systematic deviations from veridicality can be noted. We conclude that the visual light field is an entity whose existence is at least as well defined as that of visual space, despite the fact that the visual light field hardly appears as prominently in vision science as it does in the visual arts. doi:10.1068/p5672
Viabilidad y escalabilidad de actividades substitutivas del examen: un caso práctico

Se ha discutido mucho sobre los inconvenientes de los examenes, siendo criticados en ocasiones por fomentar el aprendizaje superficial. Aunque muchos profesores estemos de acuerdo, nos preguntamos ? por que actividades se pueden substituir? Existen experiencias para eliminar el uso de examenes, pero la mayoria son criticadas por realizarse sobre grupos pequenos con muchas actividades evaluadoras. Este trabajo presenta diversas estrategias y actividades realizadas en una asignatura del grado de Informatica para poder eliminar los examenes manteniendo un buen aprendizaje. La experiencia se ha realizado sobre un grupo pequeno, pero ante la presion de nuestro centro por aumentar la matricula, se estan disenando las actividades para seguir garantizando una buena experiencia educativa sin incrementar el trabajo del profesor.
Alternans and Arrhythmias From Cell to Heart

: The goal of systems biology is to relate events at the molecular level to more integrated scales from organelle to cell, tissue, and living organism. Here, we review how normal and abnormal excitation–contraction coupling properties emerge from the protein scale, where behaviors are dominated by randomness, to the cell and tissue scales, where heart has to beat with reliable regularity for a lifetime. Beginning with the fundamental unit of excitation–contraction coupling, the couplon where L-type Ca channels in the sarcolemmal membrane adjoin ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, we show how a network of couplons with 3 basic properties (random activation, refractoriness, and recruitment) produces the classic physiological properties of excitation–contraction coupling and, under pathophysiological conditions, leads to Ca alternans and Ca waves. Moving to the tissue scale, we discuss how cellular Ca alternans and Ca waves promote both reentrant and focal arrhythmias in the heart. Throughout, we emphasize the qualitatively novel properties that emerge at each new scale of integration. ( Circ Res . 2011;108:98-112.) C, Pathological tissue behavior. In addition to coordinating the normal heart beat, wave propagation at the tissue level also permits reentry which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias.
Pojavnost depresije, anksioznosti i fobija u studentskoj populaciji Medicinskog i Pravnog fakulteta u Osijeku

Važnost proučavanja mentalnog zdravlja studenata velika je s obzirom na specifične psihosocijalne karakteristike te populacije i brojne vanjske čimbenike koji imaju utjecaj na kvalitetu života ove skupine ljudi. Svrha istraživanja ove presječne studije bila je ispitati prevalenciju depresije, anksioznosti i fobija među osječkim studentima Medicinskoga i Pravnoga fakulteta, utvrditi postoje li razlike navedenih psihičkih poteškoća s obzirom na vrstu studija, ponavljanje studijskih godina i spol. Sveukupni broj ispitanih studenata bio je 200, od kojih je 100 s Medicinskoga fakulteta, a 100 s Pravnoga. Podatci su prikupljeni pomoću anonimnoga anketnoga upitnika koji se sastojao od: socio-demografskog upitnika, Beckovog samoocjenskog upitnika za depresiju i anksioznost te upitnika o strahu. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata utvrđena je 2,6 puta veća pojavnost depresije, anksioznosti i fobija, nego u općoj populaciji, veća pojavnost anksioznosti te straha od krvi i ozljede kod studenata prava, zatim veća pojavnost anksioznosti i depresije ponavljača koji su pali dva ili više puta te veća pojavnost straha od krvi i ozljede u muškoj populaciji ispitanika.
Dengue Outbreak in Ludhiana (Punjab), India, 1996

An outbreak of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever was reported from Ludhiana city in Punjab state, India, during October 1996. The outbreak started in the last week of September and lasted up to the first week of December. The number of cases reported during the outbreak was 720, with 19 deaths. A community survey revealed a very high attack rate of fever cases (4.10%). Serological tests suggested a recent dengue virus infection as seven serum samples out of nine tested were found to be positive. Aedes survey carried out in some of the affected localities revealed the presence of Aedes aegypti, a vector mosquito. The values of House and Container indices in Ludhiana city during the survey were 32.8% and 29.16% respectively. Breeding of Aedes mosquitoes was detected in various types of containers, mostly desertcoolers. To prevent such outbreaks in the state of Punjab and in the region, there is an urgent need for taking appropriate preventive measures and for disease/vector surveillance.
IE-ACCME: Intelligenza Emotiva: Abilità, Credenze e Concetto di sé Meta-Emotivo in preadolescenti e adolescenti

Antonella D'Amico Dottore di Ricerca in Psicologia generale, è ricercatore presso laFacoltà di Scienze della Formazione dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo. Ha insegnato in diversi corsi di laurea, Master universitari e Scuole di Specializzazione. Da diversi anni si occupa di Intelligenza Emotiva, ed è coautore, insieme ad Antonietta Curci, della validazione italiana del Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Altri suoi temi di ricerca sono la psicologia dell'apprendimento e della memoria e le difficoltà di apprendimento.
WOULD PEOPLE RATHER PAY TAXES OR TRADE TAXES TO PAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS? A GROUND WATER QUALITY CASE

The potential sensitivity of environmental resource valuation to payment vehicles is of interest to researchers and decision-makers involved in estimating and applying these numbers. A conceptual model is developed which provides insight into how the different payment vehicles of a special tax and a tax reallocation affects the willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental goods. Hypothesis testing using contingent valuation data suggests WTP with a tax reallocation is higher than WTP with a special tax for ground water quality protection in Georgia and Maine.