Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controle do javali na Serra da Mantiqueira: um estudo de caso no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia e RPPN Alto-Montana

O javali (Sus scrofa) e uma especie exotica invasora que vem causando inumeros impactos sociais e ambientais no mundo todo. Atualmente o javali ocupa todas as regioes do Brasil, com altas densidades nas florestas tropicais da Mata Atlântica. O controle do javali e autorizado no Brasil desde 2013, podendo ser realizado por qualquer cidadao brasileiro devidamente autorizado pelos orgaos ambientais. Neste trabalho apresentamos o estudo de caso de um controle experimental de javali realizado na RPPN Alto Montana e Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, na regiao da Serra da Mantiqueira, area chave para a conservacao da Mata Atlântica e da biodiversidade do mundo. Nosso trabalho foi realizado entre 2013 e 2015, onde planejamos e executamos um plano piloto de controle de javali em colaboracao com a comunidade local, tecnicos, gestores e pesquisadores. As acoes de controle do javali foram realizadas em parceria com controladores voluntarios da comunidade local e com a administracao das Unidades de Conservacao (UCs). A colaboracao entre comunidade local, pesquisadores e gestores foi muito positiva para o controle do javali na Serra da Mantiqueira. No entanto, a ausencia de diretrizes oficiais para o controle do javali dentro de UCs federais deixa os gestores e servidores vulneraveis e inseguros quanto a realizacao de atividades de captura e abate de uma especie asselvajada dentro de uma area protegida. Por fim, a partir da experiencia adquirida neste trabalho, recomendamos algumas acoes que podem auxiliar o ICMBio na elaboracao de regras e diretrizes para o controle do javali dentro de UCs e incluindo a comunidade local.
Expectile‐based measures of skewness

In the literature, quite a few measures have been proposed for quantifying the deviation of a probability distribution from symmetry. The most popular of these skewness measures are based on the third centralized moment and on quantiles. However, there are major drawbacks in using these quantities. These include a strong emphasis on the distributional tails and a poor asymptotic behavior for the (empirical) moment‐based measure as well as difficult statistical inference and strange behaviour for discrete distributions for quantile‐based measures. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce skewness measures based on or connected with expectiles. Since expectiles can be seen as smoothed versions of quantiles, they preserve the advantages over the moment‐based measure while not exhibiting most of the disadvantages of quantile‐based measures. We introduce corresponding empirical counterparts and derive asymptotic properties. Finally, we conduct a simulation study, comparing the newly introduced measures with established ones, and evaluating the performance of the respective estimators.
Powder aerosol deposition method — novel applications in the field of sensing and energy technology

The Aerosol Deposition (AD) method is a dry spray coating process for the production of dense ceramic coatings at room temperature directly from the ceramic raw powder. In order to avoid confusion with liquid aerosol technology, the term powder aerosol deposition (PAD) is introduced here, to highlight that the aerosol consists only of ceramic powder and carrier gas. Especially in the field of functional ceramics, PAD is a promising alternative to conventional sinter-based production processes. This review focuses on the PAD of functional ceramics in the field of sensing and energy technology. In this context, especially current developments and trends are presented. On the part of the sensors, gas and temperature sensors are especially considered, whereas in the field of energy technology, the focus is on vibration energy harvesting, thermoelectric generators, superconductors, and solar cells as well as on all solid-state batteries and fuel cells. Besides the different applications of PAD films, this review also highlights opportunities for influencing the film properties by the used powder or the process parameters.
The Tourist and Recreational Cluster of Rostov Region: Socio-Economic Substantiation and Development Prospects

Purpose: The aims to study the issues of the formation and prospects in Rostov Region of a potential "catalyst" for the development of the socio-economic system of the region – tourist and recreational cluster. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study applied a cluster approach to the development of territories. Such an approach is the study of the tourist region as an interconnected system of tourist resources, tourist infrastructure, tourist services with an effective system of regional tourism management, the optimal phase of which is a tourist cluster. Findings: This article includes the study of areas of Rostov Region from the standpoint of the cluster approach, tourist and recreational zoning of Rostov Region, the identification of areas that are promising for the formation of tourist and recreational clusters and socio-economic substantiation for the functioning of clusters. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be used in the formation and implementation of regional programs for the development of tourism, economy and social sphere. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this article is the application of the cluster approach to the investigation of socio-economic development of Rostov Region, as well as zoning the tourist and recreational clusters.
Effects of SWBLI and SWSWI in Mars atmosphere entry

The forthcoming manned exploration missions to Mars by means of complex geometry spacecrafts stimulate the study of aerodynamic, hypersonic phenomena such as Shock Wave-Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI) and Shock Wave-Shock Wave Interaction (SWSWI) also along the entry in Mars atmosphere. As already done by Zuppardi and co-workers in early papers where SWBLI and SWSWI were studied in Earth re-entry, also the present study has been carried out computationally by means of a DSMC code. The aim of the present paper is to quantify the effects of SWBLI and of SWSWI at the conditions of Mars entry and to compare these effects with those, already computed by the author at the conditions of Earth re-entry. Also in this paper, SWBLI has been studied considering an external, oblique shock wave impinging onto a flat plate on which gas was flowing and therefore a boundary layer was present. Computations have been carried out in the altitude interval 55-70 km. SWSWI has been studied considering the interaction of the shock wave from the leading edge of an airfoil (NACA-0010) with the shock wave stemming from the airfoil concave, lower surface at the hinge position in flapped configuration. Computer tests have been carried out at the altitude of 65 km, in the range of angles of attack 0-40 deg and considering three flap deflections: 0, 15, 30 deg. The quantification of the effects of both interactions has been carried out by means of the relative increase of local quantities such as the resultant of pressure, normal and tangential stresses and the heat flux. SWSWI has been quantified also in terms of global aerodynamic coefficients. The analysis verified that the SWBLI effects are higher in Earth re-entry. SWSWI is also higher in Earth re-entry in terms of global coefficients but the effects are higher in Mars entry in terms of the relative increase of local quantities.The forthcoming manned exploration missions to Mars by means of complex geometry spacecrafts stimulate the study of aerodynamic, hypersonic phenomena such as Shock Wave-Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI) and Shock Wave-Shock Wave Interaction (SWSWI) also along the entry in Mars atmosphere. As already done by Zuppardi and co-workers in early papers where SWBLI and SWSWI were studied in Earth re-entry, also the present study has been carried out computationally by means of a DSMC code. The aim of the present paper is to quantify the effects of SWBLI and of SWSWI at the conditions of Mars entry and to compare these effects with those, already computed by the author at the conditions of Earth re-entry. Also in this paper, SWBLI has been studied considering an external, oblique shock wave impinging onto a flat plate on which gas was flowing and therefore a boundary layer was present. Computations have been carried out in the altitude interval 55-70 km. SWSWI has been studied considering the interaction of the .
Mathematical modeling of electric vehicles contributions in voltage security of smart distribution networks

This paper evaluates the voltage security of the distribution networks in the presence of electric vehicles in the optimization framework. Accordingly, the main objective functions of this optimization problem include maximization of voltage security margin and minimization of operational cost. Also, it is supposed that the electric vehicles are equipped with bidirectional chargers to control active and reactive power in smart distribution networks, simultaneously. The objective functions are subject to the constraints of power flow equations, system operating limits and electric vehicle constraints. The proposed model is implemented on the 33-bus distribution network to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimization scheme for the management of the smart distribution networks in the presence of electric vehicles. The results show that the operational cost and network voltage security margin are reduced in the case of the higher electric vehicle penetration rate when electric vehicles are used for charging active power and reactive power control capability, with respect to the case that does not include electric vehicles.
Neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging: clinical utility, ef ﬁ cacy, and role in therapy

: In the ﬁ eld of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for neuroimaging, white matter tracts have traditionally been analyzed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, such as fractional anisotropy. However, recent advances in diffusion MRI have provided further information on brain microstructures using multi-shell protocols of diffusion MRI. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is one such emerging advanced diffusion MRI method that enables investigation of the neurite density and neurite orientation dispersion of brain microstructures. NODDI was developed as a practical and clinically feasible diffusion MRI technique to evaluate the microstructural complexity of dendrites and axons. This review shed light on recent studies on the use of NODDI in human brain. Indeed, a growing number of studies are using NODDI to examine neurological and psychiatric disorders, with most reporting its clinical utility. The time has thus come, for us to seriously consider the clinical use of NODDI.
Transverse Anderson Localization in Optical Fibers: High-Quality Wave Transmission and Novel Lasing Applications

In this dissertation, transverse Anderson localization (TAL) of light mediated by disordered optical fibers is exploited for high-quality optical wave transmission and novel random lasing applications. En route, we first establish a powerful numerical platform for detailed investigation of TAL optical fibers (TALOF). Our approach is based on a modal perspective as opposed to beam propagation method (BPM) which was primarily used in the previous studies of TAL in disordered optical fibers. The versatile numerical tools developed in our simulations result in a potent methodology for simulation of TALOFs; the result is a fast and effective algorithm which can be implemented on personal computers in contrast to the previous efforts which required high performance computing and were quite time consuming. In addition, the modal perspective is more robust and reliable because it is independent of the initial exci-
Patterns of morphological evolution in the skull of turtles: contributions from digital paleontology, neuroanatomy and biomechanics

Turtles are one of the most enigmatic groups of vertebrates with their highly modified body plan and, as such, attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. Aside from the obvious and odd turtle shell, the head in this group shows also great changes in comparison to that of other amniote groups. Since the skull has been considered one of most important body regions when analyzing the phylogenetic relationships of amniotes, the distinct turtle head morphology is one of the key features in defining their position among reptiles. Here, we review the current knowledge of the turtle head, summarizing the general morphology of the skull and neck as well as the different anatomical modifications characteristic of the main lineages of extant and extinct turtles. We explore the main questions that have been raised while studying those issues, for instance the origin and diversity of the temporal emarginations (dermal bone reductions), the different neck-retraction mechanisms and their influence on the shape of the head, and the anatomy and development of the jaw adductor musculature and its relations to some characteristics features of the turtle skull, such as its akinesis and the origin of the trochlear mechanisms in cryptodires and pleurodires. Additionally, using 3-D models and ancestral state reconstructions, the arrangement and gross morphology of the jaw adductor musculature in Proganochelys quenstendti, the earliest turtle with a complete shell, is inferred, an important step towards the understanding of the evolution of those muscles in turtles. Finally, I suggest that more integrative approaches, considering anatomical, developmental and paleontological data, and employing modern techniques in morphological and functional anatomic analyses (such as μCT scanning and finite element analysis) have a great potential to answer the still numerous open questions about the evolution of the turtle head.
Characteristics of Heavy Particulate Matter Pollution Events Over Hong Kong and Their Relationships With Vertical Wind Profiles Using High‐Time‐Resolution Doppler Lidar Measurements

Previous studies have reported boundary layer features related to air pollution. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the characteristics and mechanisms of vertical wind in the formation and evolution of heavy particulate matter pollution episodes (EP) in Hong Kong. In this study, we analyzed the vertical characteristics of heavy particulate matter (PM) pollutions over Hong Kong and their relationships with vertical wind profiles using high‐time‐resolution Doppler lidar measurements and hourly meteorological and air quality observations. We identified nine EPs and show that the events were closely coupled to various vertical wind profiles in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Our analysis suggests that strong vertical wind speed with wind shear at certain heights in the PBL had a positive correlation with surface PM during most superregional transboundary EPs. The maximum transport height extends from the surface to about 2.0 km or even higher; these transport heights differed among superregional and regional transboundary EPs. At peak surface pollution concentrations during the nine EPs, the surface PM10 had a significant negative correlation with PBL heights/mixing layer heights, while the averaged wind shear in the PBL was significantly positively correlated. These EPs with different mixing layer heights were mainly driven by different vertical wind shear conditions under various weather systems related to surface high pressure, cold fronts, dust storms, and typhoons. This work provides scientific evidence that surface PM pollutions were closely related to the characteristics of vertical profiles during the transboundary air pollutions.
Hybrid Manufacturing: Influence of Directed Energy Deposition Parameters on Microstructure and Layer Adhesion of Stainless Steel 316L

In-envelope hybrid manufacturing systems comprised of directed energy deposition (DED) and machining provide flexibility for the fabrication of complex geometries with minimal setup changes. However, for these manufacturing set ups, the effects of deposition parameters such as laser power and scanning speed on the quality of the build remain relatively unexplored. An important aspect for developing components with reliable mechanical properties is a thorough understanding of DED thermodynamics during fabrication. Therefore, DED thermodynamics were defined based on the strengthening properties derived from the thermal gradient (G) and solidification rate (R) of the melt pool. Other factors influencing DED thermodynamics include substrate geometry and surface finish which are expected to affect cooling rates and adhesion, respectively. In this work, stainless steel 316L specimens were fabricated varying laser power intensity, scanning speed, and deposition substrate. The effect of these parameters on the microstructure of the sample components were analyzed. Microstructural evolution at various points within and between layers was studied and correlated to localized hardness. An increase in mechanical properties for fine, equiaxed grains demonstrates the Hall-Petch principle for strengthening of components.
A Wave Energy Converter Design Load Case Study

This article presents an example by which design loads for a wave energy converter (WEC) might be estimated through the various stages of the WEC design process. Unlike previous studies, this study considers structural loads, for which, an accurate assessment is crucial to the optimization and survival of a WEC. Three levels of computational fidelity are considered. The first set of design load approximations are made using a potential flow frequency-domain boundary-element method with generalized body modes. The second set of design load approximations are made using a modified version of the linear-based time-domain code WEC-Sim. The final set of design load simulations are realized using computational fluid dynamics coupled with finite element analysis to evaluate the WEC’s loads in response to both regular and focused waves. This study demonstrates an efficient framework for evaluating loads through each of the design stages. In comparison with experimental and high-fidelity simulation results, the linear-based methods can roughly approximate the design loads and the sea states at which they occur. The high-fidelity simulations for regular wave responses correspond well with experimental data and appear to provide reliable design load data. The high-fidelity simulations of focused waves, however, result in highly nonlinear interactions that are not predicted by the linear-based most-likely extreme response design load method.
Alien aquatic plants in Slovakia over 130 years: historical overview, current distribution and future perspectives

Alien aquatic plants rank amongst the major threats to aquatic biodiversity and, since ongoing climate change is expected to facilitate their further spread, there is an urgent need for sound knowledge of their distribution and ecology. We collected published and unpublished data spanning the last ~130 years and performed the first comprehensive assessment of alien aquatic vascular plants in Slovakia with the following aims: (i) to prepare a national inventory, (ii) to assess the effects of climate and landscape on species diversity and (iii) to evaluate the habitat preferences of the species. The historical overview showed a strongly increasing trend in the number of alien species related to an increased amount of intensive research of aquatic vegetation over the last 30 years. Altogether, 20 neophyte alien aquatic plant taxa were recorded from 479 sampling sites. However, the species inventory seems to be far from complete and approximately 14 species are expected to remain undetected. Elodeacanadensis and E.nuttallii are the most frequently occurring alien aquatic plants, while eight other species have been found at a single site only. The majority of alien plants were deliberately introduced as aquarium ornamentals or released through pond waste. The fragmented information on local habitat conditions did not allow us to draw firm conclusions about the habitat preferences of alien aquatic plants. However, artificial water bodies are more frequently colonised by alien species than natural habitats (95% of aliens were found in artificial water bodies and 60% of them were recorded exclusively in these habitats) and many species have broad environmental tolerances (ability to colonise both standing and running waters, tolerances to a wide range of temperatures and water chemistry). Our results reaffirm the major role of increased temperatures and landscape modification in the distribution of alien aquatic plants and we can expect enhanced invasiveness and spreading of alien species into new habitats driven by climate change and land use intensification. Filling a main gap in the recognition of alien aquatic plant environmental preferences is a challenge for future research with the ultimate goal of maintaining natural aquatic plant diversity and ecosystem functioning.
Hypertension among adults in urban slums, a cross-sectional study in rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Introduction: Hypertension is becoming an increasingly common health problem worldwide. Hypertension is becoming a public health emergency worldwide, especially in developing countries. Aims and Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 20 years and above in the urban slums of Rajamahendravaram and to determine the risk factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: Community based Cross-sectional study conducted among adults in urban slums of Rajamahendravaram for six months from July 2018 to December 2018. Results: The study included 158 (47.9%) Males and 172(52.1%) Females. The prevalence of hypertension is 96(29.09%) with higher prevalence among women 51 (29.65%) than in men 45(28.48%). Hypertension was most commonly seen in the age group of 40 – 49 years (55.17%) with statistically significant association between hypertension and increasing age (p=0.000). Hypertension was common in people of lower middle class (48%, p=0.0005). Also, people who used palm oil (100%, p=0.0000), common salt >1000 g/month (69.23%, p=0.000), Tobacco users (45.07%, p=0.000), diabetics (41%,p=0.000), obese (59.38%, p=0.000) and people with abdominal obesity (37.20%, p=0.001) showed higher prevalence of Conclusions: The observed high prevalence of hypertension in this study and other studies reiterate the importance of hypertension as a public health problem. It’s time to emphasize strict implementation of comprehensive national policy to control hypertension. Population Attributable Risk in
Climate and relief‐induced controls on the temporal variability of denudation rates in a granitic upland

How soil erosion rates evolved over the last about 100 ka and how they relate to environmental and climate variability is largely unknown. This is due to a lack of suitable archives that help to trace this evolution. We determined in situ cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (10Be) along vertical landforms (tors, boulders and scarps) on the Sila Massif to unravel their local exhumation patterns to develop a surface denudation model over millennia.