Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Camera Placement Optimization in Object Localization Systems

This paper focuses on the placement of cameras in order to achieve the highest possible localization accuracy with a multi-camera system. The cameras have redundant fields of view. They have to be placed according to some natural constraints but user defined constraints are allowed as well. A camera model is described and the components causing the localization errors are identified. Some localization accuracy measures are defined for any number of cameras. The multi-camera placement is analytically formulated using the expanded measures for multiple cameras. An example of placing two cameras is shown and the generalizations into higher dimensional parameter spaces are examined. There are publications where camera placement algorithms are formulated or compared. We make an attempt to examine the analytical solution of this problem in case of different objective functions.
Adenosine triphosphate stress echocardiography in the detection of myocardial ischemia.

The purpose of this study was to assess feasibility and safety in the diagnosis of coronary artery in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stress echocardiography. ATP, a product of human myocardial tissue, is more potent than adenosine in increasing coronary blood flow. Like adenosine, ATP also has a short half-life (<10 s). Left ventricular echocardiograms were recorded during step-wise infusions of ATP in 86 patients who underwent coronary angiography and stress thallium 201 scintigraphy. No serious complications occurred with ATP infusion and most of the side effects were mild and transient. Significant coronary artery disease (>75% diameter stenosis) was present in 34 of 48 patients who had normal echocardiograms at rest. The sensitivity and specificity of ATP-induced wall motion abnormalities for coronary artery disease was 65% (22 of 34) and 100% (14 of 14), respectively. The sensitivity was 50% (10 of 20) in those with one-vessel disease and 86% (12 of 14) in those with multivessel disease (P < .05). In patients with normal echocardiograms at rest and without prior myocardial infarction, the sensitivity of ATP stress echocardiography for the detection of myocardial ischemia assessed by 201Tl single proton emission computed tomography was 58%, with a specificity of 76%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 66%. The sensitivity was 43% in those with one-vessel disease, and 86% in those with multivessel disease (P = .05). In patients with prior myocardial infarction, the sensitivity of ATP stress echocardiography for the detection of viable but jeopardized myocardium was 81%, with a specificity of 91%. The patients with well-developed collateral circulation had a higher incidence of developing wall motion abnormality than those without collaterals (70% v 40%, P < .01). ATP stress echocardiography is valuable for the assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with multivessel disease, coronary collaterals, and with prior myocardial infarction.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic disease: improving causal inference to inform practice

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been declared ‘a life sentence’ based on evidence that the disorder leads to a host of physical health problems. Some of the strongest empirical research – in terms of methodology and findings – has shown that PTSD predicts higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases, specifically cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite mounting evidence, PTSD is not currently acknowledged as a risk factor by cardiovascular or endocrinological medicine. This view is unlikely to change absent compelling evidence that PTSD causally contributes to cardiometabolic disease. This review suggests that with developments in methods for epidemiological research and the rapidly expanding knowledge of the behavioral and biological effects of PTSD the field is poised to provide more definitive answers to questions of causality. First, we discuss methods to improve causal inference using the observational data most often used in studies of PTSD and health, with particular reference to issues of temporality and confounding. Second, we consider recent work linking PTSD with specific behaviors and biological processes, and evaluate whether these may plausibly serve as mechanisms by which PTSD leads to cardiometabolic disease. Third, we evaluate how looking more comprehensively into the PTSD phenotype provides insight into whether specific aspects of PTSD phenomenology are particularly relevant to cardiometabolic disease. Finally, we discuss new areas of research that are feasible and could enhance understanding of the PTSD–cardiometabolic relationship, such as testing whether treatment of PTSD can halt or even reverse the cardiometabolic risk factors causally related to CVD and T2D.
Efficient fairness using Early Discriminative Dropping

The queue management scheme in a router is critical for computer networks because it not only controls the fairness of bandwidth sharing among competing flows, but also contributes to enhancing the efficiency of congestion control algorithms. In this paper, a new queue management scheme, Early Discriminative Dropping (EDD), is proposed to make routers fairer. EDD employs a single queue. In addition, this scheme consists of three main components. Firstly, a threshold estimator evaluates control thresholds based on queue status and the number of accepted packets. Secondly, a quota estimator allocates quotas, which prevent arriving packets of non-aggressive flows from being discarded during congested traffic. Finally, a simple packet-dropping algorithm determines acceptance or discarding of the arriving packet according to current control threshold and available quotas. Using computer simulations, we show that the EDD scheme demonstrates robust and excellent fairness compared with Rotating Preference Queues, Core-stateless Fair Queueing, Dynamic Detection and Expulsion, CHOose and Keep for responsive flows, CHOose and Kill for unresponsive flows and First In First Out under various network topologies and traffic conditions. EDD has a complexity of O(1). Hence, it is feasible for deployment in computer networks where high-performance and high-speed routers exist.
Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the 1525 bp 16S ribosomal RNA gene from the rrnE operon of Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus KCTC9080 was determined (1). The 5' and 3' ends of the 16S rRNA were located with the combination of previous data (2, 3, 4) and have not been determined experimentally. The nucleotide sequence presented here was determined following the dideoxy method (5) and using M13 universal as well as 16S rRNA specific synthetic oligonucleotide primers. The 16S RNA sequence determined here showed homology values of 96.2% with S. coelicolor (2), 96.4% with S. lividans (3) and 96.1 % with S. ambofaciens (4). It is notable that the homology values among other three reference sequences are more than 98%. Figure 1 shows the alignment of highly variable regions (from 171 to 199 nt in our numbering). This region may be valuable for the rapid identification and grouping of Streptomyces species. Figure 2 shows a phylogenetic tree constructed based on the sequence alignment and Knuc values (6). Although the limited number of complete 16S rRNA sequences determined in the genus Streptomyces makes it impossible to ascertain the position of this species, it is certain that S. griseus subsp. griseus comprises a unique branch. S. lividans (2) and S. coelicolor (3) is more closely related with each other than other organisms. (a) (b) (c) (d) CTGATCCGCTTGGGCATCCAGGCGGTTCG -AC.T. GT.CC. GG.ACG. G.TA
Age‐dependent appearance of synaptic currents in rat neocortical neurons in culture

Rat neocortical neurons grown in dissociated cell culture were recorded with the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. Spontaneous inward currents were observed in cells that were held at a membrane potential of −80 mV in medium containing tetrodotoxin and Cd2+. These currents displayed amplitudes up to 140 pA and rise time of 1.8 ± 0.2 ms (mean ± SD, n = 15). They reversed near 0 mV and showed no voltage‐dependent frequency of occurrence. Hence, they were presumably due to spontaneous release of transmitter. The inward currents appeared around day 10 in culture and were detected up to 4 weeks. When cells of different ages were compared, the maximal probability of recording these inward events occurred at around 3 weeks in culture. The inward currents were not reduced by application of bicuculline methiodide which is a competitive antagonist of the GABAA receptor, but were blocked by the broad‐spectrum glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid. Moreover, spontaneous inward events were not affected by DL‐2‐aminophosphono‐valerate (NMDA receptor antagonist) but disappeared following application of the non‐NMDA receptors antagonist 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX). Our observations indicate that the inward currents represent miniature synaptic events that are primarily mediated by non‐NMDA excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes. Furthermore, our findings indicate that they develop over time and are not present in neurons that are grown in culture for less than 10 days. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Analgesic Efficacy of Acetaminophen, Ketoprofen, or Their Combination for Pediatric Surgical Patients Having Soft Tissue or Orthopedic Procedures

The combined use of acetaminophen and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug has been shown to provide better postoperative analgesia than either drug alone in several adult studies. However, there are no pediatric studies analyzing similar effects when the currently recommended doses of acetaminophen are used. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design we randomized 120 children, aged 1–9 yr, undergoing orthopedic or soft tissue surgery, into 3 groups to receive either acetaminophen 60 mg/kg rectally and 40 mg/kg orally, ketoprofen 2 mg/kg IV twice, or the combination of the active drugs. The first drug doses were given at anesthetic induction and the second doses 8 h thereafter. During anesthesia all children received sevoflurane and a continuous infusion of remifentanil. Postoperative pain was evaluated by the behavioral objective pain scale (0–9) for 24 h. The rescue medication was morphine 0.05 mg/kg IV. The primary outcome variable was morphine consumption. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance, &khgr;2 test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used. Morphine requirement was less in the combination than in the acetaminophen group both in the postanesthesia care unit (2.5 ± 1.7 versus 3.9 ± 2.1 morphine doses) and during the 24-h postoperative follow-up (4.1 ± 2.5 versus 5.9 ± 2.9 morphine doses) (P < 0.05). No differences existed between the ketoprofen and the acetaminophen groups. The objective pain scale scores were lowest in the combination group both in the postanesthesia care unit and in the postoperative ward (P < 0.05). When children were divided based on their surgery, opioid requirement and pain scores were less in the combination than in the parent drug groups only after orthopedic surgery. The combination of acetaminophen 100 mg/kg and ketoprofen 4 mg/kg in a day provided better analgesia and lower pain scores after orthopedic, but not soft tissue, surgery in children.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) 2015 Insurance versus Investigation Driven Approach for the Computation of Optimal Security Investment

Several research works have proposed economic and financial models to determine the optimal amount of investment in the security of information systems, showing the use of diverse techniques such as Game Theory (Grossklags et al. 2008), Utility Mdodels (Huang and Behara 2013; Miaoui et al. 2014), Return on Information Security Investment (Sonnenreich 2006), and Value at Risk (J. Wang et al. 2008). While many of these works showed the importance of investing in both self-protection and Cyber insurance (to reduce and transfer the residual risk of loss to insurance companies), none of them has considered the importance of security investment in forensic investigation to support insurance claims, ensure a better reimbursement of loss in case of security breach, and increase the return of investment in security. We propose in this paper to distribute the investment in information security into investment in Self-Defense to protect against security attacks, investment in Insurance to transfer the residual risk of loss to insurance companies, and investment in Forensic Readiness to maximize the firm’s potential to collect appropriate digital evidence, and generate provable insurance claims about occurred security breaches. An economic model based on the theory of utility is designed to compute the optimal total investment, taking into consideration the interdependence between the aforementioned three investments. An analysis is conducted to assess the variation of the optimal investments in self-defense and forensic readiness, and the cost of residual risk, with respect to the rate of insurance reimbursement, security vulnerabilities, and potential financial loss.
As-prepared MoS2 quantum dot as a facile fluorescent probe for long-term tracing of live cells

Recently, the newly emerged two-dimensional nanomaterials, layered transition metal dichalcogenide (e.g. MoS2) nanosheets, have drawn tremendous attentions due to their extraordinary electronic and optical properties, and MoS2 quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) with lateral sizes less than 10 nm have been found to be highly luminescent. In the present study, a facile approach for large-scale preparation of MoS2 QDs by Na intercalation reaction without using any toxic organic reagents is proposed. MoS2 QDs were carefully characterized by various techniques including transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, spectroscopy, in vitro cytotoxicology, and capillary electrophoresis. The as-prepared MoS2 QDs were strongly fluorescent, highly photo-stable, low in cytotoxicity, and readily reactive to thiols. These inherent properties of MoS2 QDs make them excellent fluorescent probes for long-term live cell tracing. The results of live cells imaging indicated that MoS2 QD stained cells remained highly fluorescent after long-term culture, and could be easily traced from other co-cultured cell lines.
Clinical Predictors of Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: The presence of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations is a robust predictor of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) responsiveness. Predictors of EGFR-TKI responsiveness in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, however, have not been well investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of EGFR-TKI responsiveness in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. Patients and Methods: Seventy EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who received EGFR-TKIs in our institution between April 2007 and March 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The objective response rate was 50.0% (95% confidence interval, CI, 38.6-61.4%) and the disease control rate was 91.4% (95% CI, 82.5-96.0%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 9.0 (95% CI, 3.92-14.08) and 20.8 months (95% CI, 14.56-27.04), respectively. In multivariate analysis, adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio, HR, 12.25; 95% CI, 37.7-41.10; p < 0.001) and major mutations (deletions in exon 19 and L858R point mutation in exon 21; HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.14-5.28; p = 0.022) were significant predictors of longer PFS. Conclusion: Major mutations and adenocarcinoma histology were independent predictors of better treatment outcome in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who received EGFR-TKIs. Further well-controlled prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Post-pollination mechanisms promoting outcrossing in a self-fertile conifer, Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae)

In conifers, polyembryony (multiple embryos within an ovule) may decrease the number of seeds lost to ran- dom embryo abortion, and (or) increase the proportion of outcrossed seeds if outcrossed embryos out-compete selfed ones. Western redcedar (Thuja plicata Don ex D. Donn, Cupressaceae) is a conifer with a mixed (selfed and outcrossed) mating system and high self-fertility with simple (archegonial) polyembryony. To test whether polyembryony can decrease seed abortion or the proportion of selfed seedlings, we conducted controlled pollinations in a seed orchard in southwestern British Columbia. Four trees received a total of 48 pollination treatments consisting of self, outcross, or mixtures of self and outcross pollen. Enzyme electrophoresis identified selfed seeds in the mixed pollen treatments. Reduction in the proportion of filled seeds (seed set) owing to selfing was approximately 30% for three of the trees and 93% for the fourth. Following mixed pollinations we did not observe an increase in seed set attributable to polyembryony. However, when trees received high ratios of self-pollen they produced fewer selfed seedlings than expected, suggesting embryo competition. The consequences of these results on the mating system of western redcedar are discussed. Resume : Chez les coniferes, la polyembryonie (plusieurs embryons dans une meme ovule) peut prevenir la perte de graines causee par des embryons avortes, et (ou) augmenter la proportion de graines allofecondes, s'il y a competition entre les embryons. Le thuya geant (Thuja plicata Don ex D. Donn, Cupressacee) est un conifere autofertile avec un systeme de reproduction mixte et une polyembryonie simple. Afin de tester si la polyembryonie peut diminuer la perte de graines, ou les taux de graines autofecondees, nous avons effectue des pollinisations controlees dans un verger a graines, situe au sud-ouest de la Colombie-Britannique. Quatre arbres ont recu un total de 48 traitements: des pollinisa- tions croisees, autopollinisations, et pollinisations mixtes. Nous avons utilise l'electrophorese d'enzymes, afin d'identifier les graines autofecondees dans les traitements de pollen mixte (un melange de pollinisations croisees et d'autopollinisation). Suite au traitement d'autopollinisation, trois des arbres ont demontre une diminution de 30 % de graines pleines, et un arbre une diminution de 93 %. Aucune augmentation dans le nombre de graines remplies, attri- buable a la polyembryonie, a ete observee suite aux pollinisations mixtes. Cependant, dans les traitements mixtes, avec de hauts taux d'autopollisation, une diminution du nombre de graines autofecondees suggerent la competition entre em- bryons. Les consequences de ces resultats sur le systeme de reproduction du thuya geant sont discutees. Mots cles : conifere, Cupressacee, gene letal embryonnaire, depression de consanguinite, polyembryonie, Thuja plicata.
B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Prognostic implication of bone marrow histology in 120 patients experience from a single hematology unit

The available staging systems for B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) do not always predict the clinical course and the prognosis of the disease. In these systems, the pattern of bone marrow histology is not incorporated. In the current report we investigate the prognostic value of the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern of bone marrow involvement in 120 B‐CLL patients in relation to their actuarial survival, and we compare these results with the actuarial survival based on the International Workshop system. In addition, we analyze the influence of the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern on the actuarial survival, in relation to the individual clinical stages (A, B, C). All patients were diagnosed and followed‐up in the same Unit. Our patients were divided into Stage A (64), Stage B (22), and Stage C (34). They were also subdivided into those with a diffuse (46) and those with a nondiffuse (74) pattern of bone marrow histology. The difference in the actuarial survival in relation to their clinical stage (A, B, C) was statistically significant (P < 0.025). A greater statistical difference (P < 0.005) was found when the actuarial survival was analyzed in relation to the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern of bone marrow histology. No statistically significant differences could be found (P > 0.1), when the actuarial survival was calculated in every stage (A, B, C), on the basis of the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern of bone marrow histology. When our Stage A and B patients were analyzed for disease progression, in relation to the diffuse or nondiffuse bone marrow histology, it was found that 66.6% of the diffuse Stage A patients and 88% of the diffuse Stage B patients had disease progression as compared to only 8.6% for the nondiffuse Stage A patients and 33% for the nondiffuse Stage B patients. Our findings indicate that: the pattern of bone marrow histology in B‐CLL patients is the single most important prognostic parameter in this disease; a clinicopathologic staging system for B‐CLL may be justified; and the diffuse pattern of bone marrow histology could be considered as the best criterion for initiation of therapy in these patients. Cancer 59:767‐771, 1987.
Effect of Niacin Supplementation on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Biochemical Profile in Male Buffalo Calves

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of niacin supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, their balance and blood biochemical profile, 15 male buffalo calves (9-10 months of age, 88.4±4.37 kg average body weight) were divided into 3 equal groups each of 5 calves, following a completely randomized design, and fed individually for 120 days with wheat straw and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements. In addition calves were supplemented with 0 ppm (control, group 1), 100 ppm (group II) and 200 ppm (group III) niacin. After 90 days of experimental feeding a metabolism trial was conducted to estimate the digestibility of nutrients and their balance. Fortnightly body weights were recorded to assess their growth rate and blood was collected from the jugular vein at day 0 and subsequently at 30-day intervals from all the experimental buffalo calves to study blood biochemical parameters. Results showed that intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicelluloses were statistically similar in the 3 groups. Buffalo calves in all three groups were in positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance, without showing any significant effect of the treatments. Dry matter, crude protein, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient intake (g/d/kg W 0.75 ) were similar in the control and niacin supplemented groups. Digestible crude protein (%) and total digestible nutrients (%) in the ration of the 3 groups were 8.07, 7.99, 7.92 and 56.70, 56.63, 56.74, respectively, and were comparable among the groups. The average daily gain (g) in-group II (567.50) was not significantly (p>0.05) higher than group I (500.0) and group III (510.0). Blood biochemical constituents (glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea-N, insulin) showed no significant effect of niacin supplementation. However, serum cholesterol (mg/100 ml) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in the 200 ppm niacin-supplemented group than in the control and 100 ppm niacin-supplemented groups. It can be concluded that supplementation of niacin at 100 and 200 ppm in the diet of buffalo calves had no significant beneficial effect on their growth and nutrient utilization.