Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pinning down the solid-state polymorphism of the ionic liquid [bmim][PF6]

The solid-state polymorphism of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6], has been investigated via low-temperature and high-pressure crystallisation experiments. The samples have been characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The solid-state phase behaviour of the compound is confirmed and clarified with respect to previous phase diagrams. The structures of the previously reported γ-form, which essentially exhibits a G′T cation conformation, as well as those of the elusive β- and α-forms, are reported. Crystals of the β-phase are twinned and the structure is heavily disordered; the cation conformation in this form is predominantly TT, though significant contributions from other less frequently encountered conformers are also observed at low temperature and high pressure. The cation conformation in the α-form is GT; the presence of the G′T conformer at 193 K in this phase can be eliminated on cooling to 100 K. Whilst X-ray structural data are overall in good agreement with previous interpretations based on Raman and NMR studies, they also reveal a more subtle interplay of intermolecular interactions, which give rise to a wider range of conformers than previously considered.
The Training Of Multiplicative Neuron Model Based Artificial Neural Networks With Differential Evolution Algorithm For Forecasting

Abstract In recent years, artificial neural networks have been commonly used for time series forecasting by researchers from various fields. There are some types of artificial neural networks and feed forward artificial neural networks model is one of them. Although feed forward artificial neural networks gives successful forecasting results they have a basic problem. This problem is architecture selection problem. In order to eliminate this problem, Yadav et al. (2007) proposed multiplicative neuron model artificial neural network. In this study, differential evolution algorithm is proposed for the training of multiplicative neuron model for forecasting. The proposed method is applied to two well-known different real world time series data.
Complete fatty degeneration of lumbar erector spinae muscles caused by a primary dysferlinopathy

Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine showed complete fatty degeneration of the lumbar erector spinae muscles in a woman who had complained of chronic lower back pain for 5 years and of progressive weakness of the lower limbs for 1 year. Neuromuscular examination of the lower limbs showed no obvious anomaly, and there was no camptocormia. Serum creatine kinase levels were increased (six‐ to ninefold); electrodiagnostic examination revealed no activity at rest or during effort in the erector spinae muscles and was normal in proximal and distal muscles of the limbs. Muscle computed tomography revealed mild fatty degeneration of thigh and gastrocnemius muscles, and histopathology of the deltoid muscle showed dystrophic features and complete lack of dysferlin. Molecular analysis identified a homozygous disease‐causing mutation in the gene encoding dysferlin. Because there were no similar cases in the family, the final diagnosis was sporadic limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B. Overall, this case report shows that the lumbar and lower thoracic of erector spinae muscles may display complete fatty degeneration without the occurrence of camptocormia, with primary dysferlin deficiency as a possible cause. Muscle Nerve, 2007
An improved Fuzzy Clustering methodology applied to the study of Protein Conformational Ensembles

Clustering is a technique that aims to group data objects. Various similarity measures such as Euclidean, city-block, Mahalanobis distances and coisine similarity (1) have been used for discovering the underlying structures in data. Formally, the problem of clustering may be described as follows: Given a set of data objects X = fx1;x2;:::;xng, a clustering algorithm determines a suitable number k of homogeneous groups, and maps the data points to the labels in the set C = f1; 2;:::;kg, where each label identies a homogeneous group of objects. A good clustering algorithm should have the following characteristics: it should be scalable, i.e., perform well on data sets having large number of objects and also large number of attributes, should be able to deter- mine clusters of varying shape and size, should have least requirement of domain knowledge (e.g., number of clusters, thresholds, termination condition parameters), should work well in the presence of noise and outliers, and should be insensitive to order of objects (2). We present in this work an improved fuzzy clustering algorithm (3) that fullls those criteria and we show its application for the classication of protein conformational ensembles, problem that arises in many domains of structural bioinformatics.
Further evidence for the vitality of chondrocytes in the mandibular condyle as revealed by 35S‐sulfate autoradiography

Histochemical and autoradiographic studies using 35S‐sulfate indicate that the majority of the cartilage cells in the developing mandibular condyle of the young mouse are active, vital cells. Concomitant with the increase of hypoxic conditions within the deeper layers of the cartilage, an increase in sulfated glycosaminoglucuronoglycans synthesis takes place. Hypertrophic chon‐drocytes in the premineralized and mineralized zones reveal marked 35S‐sulfate uptake in comparison with the less differentiated cells in the chondroblastic and perichondrial zones. These observations of radiosulfate activity support the concept that calcification processes in the condylar cartilage are not necessarily accompanied by degeneration and death of the hypertrophic chondrocytes. The radiosulfate activity of the surviving chondrocytes in the vicinity of the ossification front indicates possible modulation into osteoprogenitor cells.
Nonlinear Autoregressive Conditional Duration Models for Traffic Congestion Estimation

The considerable impact of congestion on transportation networks is reflected by the vast amount of research papers dedicated to congestion identification, modeling, and alleviation. Despite this, the statistical characteristics of congestion, and particularly of its duration, have not been systematically studied, regardless of the fact that they can offer significant insights on its formation, effects and alleviation. We extend previous research by proposing the autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) approach for modeling congestion duration in urban signalized arterials. Results based on data from a signalized arterial indicate that a multiregime nonlinear ACD model best describes the observed congestion duration data while when it lasts longer than 18 minutes, traffic exhibits persistence and slow recovery rate.
The Effect of Solid Surfaces upon Bacterial Activity

The bacterial population of water samples from the sea, lakes or other sources usually increases during storage. While several different factors may be operative (Prescott and Winslow, 1931), it is noteworthy that the magnitude of the increase is often related to the size of the receptacle in which the water is stored. For example, Whipple (1901) found that the bacterial population of water, which initially contained an average of 77 bacteria per ml. , increased to 300 per ml. in a gallon, 900 per ml. in a quart, 7,020 per ml. in a pint and 41,400 per ml. in 2-ounce bottles after 24 hours' incubation under comparable conditions. He attributed this to the greater availability of oxygen in the small receptacles which were not filled to capacity. However, ZoBell and Stadler (1940) have shown that the multiplication and respiration of aerobic bacteria is independent of the oxygen tension within the examined ranges of 0.30 to 36 mgm. /liter. Using oxygen consumption as well as bacterial multiplication in glass-stoppered bottles filled to capacity with sea water as criteria, ZoBell and Anderson (1936) noted that bacteria are generally more active in small than in large receptacles of similar shape. Since the small receptacles present relatively more solid surface per unit volume of stored water than large receptacles, they concluded that solid surfaces are beneficial to bacteria in dilute nutrient solutions. A similar conclusion was reached by Lloyd (1937). The following report is concerned with the ways in which solid or adsorbing surfaces may influence bacterial activity.
Tools for Environmental Data Mining and Intelligent Decision Support

The joint workshop in Data Mining for Environmental Scientists and Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems tries to provide a common discussion forum to communicate environmentalists with data miners and intelligent decision support systems developers. As environmentalists are the consumers of both products, Data Mining (DM) and Intelligent Decision Support Systems (IDSS) are complementary disciplines that must properly link to permit the maximum benefits of data analysis at highest levels. Here, a preliminary analysis of the state of the software tools in environmental DM and IDSS is presented.
Single-Magnetic Cell-to-Cell Charge Equalization Converter With Reduced Number of Transformer Windings

In this paper, a new cell-to-cell charge equalization converter using a multiwinding transformer is proposed. The proposed scheme achieves the direct cell-to-cell charge transportation by buck-boost and flyback operation. In this operation, the adjacent two cells share either a current path or a tap of multiwinding transformer. Therefore, the number of windings ia cut in half in comparison to the number of batteries, resulting in a small circuit size. To verify the operation of the proposed charge equalization converter, an experiment with a lithium-ion battery stack is performed.
DNA Damage Induced by DNA Topoisomerase I- and Topoisomerase II- Inhibitors Detected by Histone H2AXphosphorylation in Relation to the Cell Cycle Phase and Apoptosis

Histone H2AX is phosphorylated on Ser-139 by ATM kinase in response to damage that induces dsDNA breaks. Immunocytochemical detection of phosphorylated H2AX (gH2AX), thus, reveals the presence of dsDNA breaks in chromatin. Multiparameter cytometry was presently used to correlate the appearance of gH2AX with: a. cell cycle phase; b. caspase-3 activation; and c. apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation in individual human leukemic HL-60 cells treated with the DNA topoisomerase I (topo1) inhibitors topotecan (TPT) and camptothecin (CPT) or with the topo2 inhibitor mitoxantrone (MTX). In response to TPT or CPT maximal increase of gH2AX immunofluorescence was seen in S-phase cells by 90 min. In contrast, following MTX treatment the maximal rise of gH2AX was detected at 2 h in G1 cells and the cell cycle phase specificity was much less apparent. A linear relationship between the drug concentration and increase of gH2AX immunofluorescence was seen only up to 200 nM TPT; a decline in gH2AX was apparent at a concentration range between 0.4 and 1.6 mM TPT. Thus, the intensity of gH2AX immunofluorescence, as a marker of cell survival following TPT treatment, can be used only within a limited range of drug concentration. Following treatment with TPT, CPT or MTX the peak of H2AX phosphorylation preceded caspase-3 activation and the appearance of apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation, both selective to S-phase cells. Progression of apoptosis was paralleled by a decrease in gH2AX immunofluorescence. The data also indicate that regardless whether treated with inhibitors of topo1 or topo2, at comparable levels of dsDNA breaks, the cells replicating DNA have a higher proclivity to undergo apoptosis compared to G1 or G2/M cells.
Identification of a novel promoter in the E2 open reading frame of the human papillomavirus type 18 genome

Northern blot and RT‐PCR analyses indicated that the human papillomavirus E4 open reading frame is expressed in HeLa cells. Because integration at the E1 or E2 open reading frame would place the viral upstream regulatory region downstream of the viral late genes, the expression of E4 in HeLa cells is most likely regulated by host cellular promoter(s) or unidentified viral promoter(s) in the E2 region. Primer extension analysis and transient transfection experiments with luciferase reporter constructs under the transcriptional control of various subgenomic fragments of HPV‐18 were carried out to identify and characterize functional promoters within the E2 region. The in vivo activity of a novel promoter located within the 5′‐end region of the E2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 18 is demonstrated. J. Med. Virol. 69:122–131, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor inhibitor (PXS25) inhibits ﬁbrosis in human proximal tubular cells by inhibiting conversion of latent to active TGF- (cid:1) 1

Cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor inhibitor (PXS25) inhibits ﬁbrosis in human proximal tubular cells by inhibiting conversion of latent to active TGF- (cid:1) 1 Physiol and hypoxia have independent and convergent roles in the development of renal disease. Transforming growth factor- (cid:1) 1 (TGF- (cid:1) 1 ) is a key cytokine promoting the production of extracellular matrix proteins. The cationic-indepen-dent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) is a membrane protein that binds M6P-containing proteins. A key role is to activate latent TGF- (cid:1) 1 . PXS25, a novel CI-MPR inhibitor, has antiﬁbrotic properties in skin ﬁbroblasts, but its role in renal ﬁbrosis is unclear. The aim was to study the role of PXS25 in matrix protein production under high glucose (cid:2) hypoxic conditions in human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells. HK-2 cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mM) (cid:2) 100 (cid:3) M PXS25 in both normoxic (20% under normoglycemic normoxic conditions was 65.1 (cid:2) 8.8 pg/ml and active TGF- (cid:1) 1 is 6.3 (cid:2) 1.1 pg/ml. These were subsequently corrected to the total protein content of each experimental conditions. The active TGF- (cid:1) 1 constituted slightly (cid:5) 10% of the total TGF- (cid:1) 1 , and the differences in the raw values were very small . Therefore, these bar graphs are expressed as a percentage control to the baseline readings. Exposure to 30 mM of D -glucose (high glucose) for 72 h increased total TGF- (cid:1) 1 production ( ), as did exposure to hypoxia (* P (cid:5) 0.05; ). In normoxic conditions, active TGF- (cid:1) 1, which reﬂects the bioactivity of TGF- (cid:1) 1 , is signiﬁcantly induced by high glucose, and this induction is suppressed by exposure to 100 and 200 (cid:3) M cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) inhibitor PXS25 (* P (cid:5) 0.05; Hypoxia also increased active TGF- (cid:1) 1 formation treatment various concentrations of PXS25 in hypoxic condition alone did not signiﬁcantly affect TGF- in active TGF- (cid:1) 1 production. These results suggest that both high-glucose and hypoxic conditions independently increase total and active TGF- (cid:1) 1 production in human proximal tubular HK-2 cells with differential regulation by the CI-M6PR. These results suggest that hyperglycemia induces active TGF- (cid:1) 1 release through a CI-M6PR-dependent pathway, whereas hypoxia induces TGF- (cid:1) 1 through CI-M6PR-independent pathways.
Two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Northern California.

CONTEXT Salmonella serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104), with resistance to 5 drugs (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline), has emerged as the most common multidrug-resistant Salmonella strain in the United States. However, illnesses resulting from this strain have not been associated definitively with a source in this country. OBJECTIVE To determine the source of 2 outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. DESIGN Matched case-control study conducted between March 24 and April 5, 1997 (outbreak 1), enhanced surveillance for new cases dating from February 1, 1997 (outbreak 2), and environmental and laboratory investigations. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The case-control study included residents of 2 adjacent counties in northern California infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium var Copenhagen and age-matched controls. For enhanced surveillance, a case was defined as Salmonella Typhimurium infection in a person exposed to fresh Mexican-style cheese. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk factors for infection and source of implicated food. RESULTS Outbreak 1 peaked in February 1997; 31 patients were confirmed by culture as having Salmonella Typhimurium var Copenhagen infection, isolates of which showed indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The outbreak strain was phage type DT104 with the 5-drug resistance pattern. Sixteen cases and 25 controls were enrolled in the case-control study; 15 of 16 Salmonella Typhimurium var Copenhagen cases compared with 14 of 24 matched controls reported eating unpasteurized Mexican-style cheese, (matched odds ratio, 7.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-354.9). Enhanced surveillance uncovered outbreak 2, which peaked in April 1997 and was caused by a non-Copenhagen variant of Salmonella Typhimurium. During outbreak 2, Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from 79 persons who ate fresh Mexican-style cheese from street vendors and from cheese samples and raw milk. The PFGE pattern of the milk isolate matched 1 of the 3 patterns recovered from patients; all strains were phage type DT104b with the 5-drug resistance pattern. CONCLUSION Raw-milk products pose a risk for multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infections.
Synthesis and biological activity of lipophilic analogs of the cationic antimicrobial active peptide anoplin

Anoplin is a short natural cationic antimicrobial peptide which is derived from the venom sac of the solitary wasp, Anoplius samariensis. Due to its short sequence G1LLKR5IKT8LL‐NH2, it is ideal for research tests. In this study, novel analogs of anoplin were prepared and examined for their antimicrobial, hemolytic activity, and proteolytic stability. Specific substitutions were introduced in amino acids Gly1, Arg5, and Thr8 and lipophilic groups with different lengths in the N‐terminus in order to investigate how these modifications affect their antimicrobial activity. These cationic analogs exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the native peptide; they are also nontoxic at their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and resistant to enzymatic degradation. The substituted peptide GLLKF5IKK8LL‐NH2 exhibited high activity against Gram‐negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis (MIC = 7 µg/ml), and the insertion of octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic acid residues in its N‐terminus increased the antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria (MIC = 5 µg/ml). The conformational characteristics of the peptide analogs were studied by circular dichroism. Structure activity studies revealed that the substitution of specific amino acids and the incorporation of lipophilic groups enhanced the amphipathic α‐helical conformation inducing better antimicrobial effects. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS

The percutaneous absorption of 8 chlorinated solvents were studied. The ex-perimental method consisted of the application of the solvent to the abdominal mouse skin and quantitating its absorption through the skin by its presence in whole body and its appearance in expiration. Determination of the solvent in tissues and expiration was carried out by gas chromatographic methods.There was a great diversity of ability among solvents to penetrate the mouse skin. Dichloromethane was absorbed to an amount which was 53 times as large as the amount of tetrachloroethyene. Among tested solvents, those which had the highest solubility in water showed the greatest absorption rate, while those having the lowest solubility in water gave the smallest absorption rate from skin. The linear relationship between the absorption rate from skin and the solubility in water was found: in case of X ? 16, Y=30.8+2.13X, r=0.87; in case of X ? 16, Y= -52.8+6.59X, r=1.00; where Y is the percutaneous absorption rate (nM/min/cm2 of skin) and X is the solubility in water of solvent (mM at 25°C).
Effects of Anti-Browning Agents on Polyphenoloxidase Activity and Total Phenolics as Related to Browning of Fresh-Cut 'Fuji' Apple

The objective of this study was to study the influences of anti-browning agents on the correlation between phenolics, and PPO activity and browning of fresh-cut 'Fuji' apple. Fresh apples were washed with distilled water, peeled, cut in to 1.5 cm cubes, and treated with distilled water (WC), chlorinated water (CW, 0.01%, v/v), cysteine solution (CS, 0.5%, w/v) and ascorbic acid solution (AA, 0.5%, w/v). The WC treatment was considered as a control. All samples were stored in the dark at 4 o C and RH 90% for 7 days. Color, browning index, total phenolics, and PPO activity of the samples were evaluated. PPO activity and browning index of all samples increased during storage. For total phenolics, WC and CW treatments did not show observed changes during storage, although CS and AA treatments showed an increase. Browning index of WC and CW treatments during storage was found to be highly correlated with PPO activity and color degradation, as indicated by changes in color parameters, but CS and AA treatments were not. Total phenolics of fresh-cut apples during storage were found to be moderately correlated with browning index and not correlated with color degradation.
U.S. Geriatricians and Gastric Cancer Screening in Elderly Korean‐American Men: Differences from Korean Geriatricians

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