Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for Effective Intersectoral Collaboration in Health Promotion Interventions: Results from Joint Action CHRODIS-PLUS Work Package 5 Activities

The burden of chronic disease in Europe continues to grow. A major challenge facing national governments is how to tackle the risk factors of sedentary lifestyle, alcohol abuse, smoking, and unhealthy diet. These factors are complex and necessitate intersectoral collaboration to strengthen health promotion, counter-act the social determinants of health, and reduce the prevalence of chronic disease. European countries have diverse intersectoral collaboration to encourage health promotion activities. In the Joint Action CHRODIS-PLUS success factors for intersectoral collaboration within and outside healthcare which strengthen health promotion activities were identified with a mixed method design via a survey of 22 project partners in 14 countries and 2 workshops. In six semi-structured interviews, the mechanisms underlying these success factors were examined. These mechanisms can be very context-specific but do give more insight into how they can be replicated. In this paper, 20 health promotion interventions from national programs in CHRODIS PLUS are explored. This includes community interventions, policy actions, integrated approaches, capacity building, and training activities. The interventions involved collaboration across three to more than six sectors. The conclusion is a set of seven recommendations that are considered to be essential for fostering intersectoral collaboration to improve health-promoting activities.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast: Standardization of Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapid, unenhanced imaging technique that measures the motion of water molecules within tissues and provides information regarding the cell density and tissue microstructure. DW MRI has demonstrated the potential to improve the specificity of breast MRI, facilitate the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and can be employed in unenhanced MRI screening. However, standardization of the acquisition and interpretation of DW MRI is challenging. Recently, the European Society of Breast Radiology issued a consensus statement, which described the acquisition parameters and interpretation of DW MRI. The current article describes the basic principles, standardized acquisition protocols and interpretation guidelines, and the clinical applications of DW MRI in breast imaging.
Comparative Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of PRP-Therapy, Minoxidil, and Their Combination with Immunohistochemical Study of the Dynamics of Cell Proliferation in the Treatment of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been considered as a promising treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of the clinical efficacy of PRP-therapy, minoxidil, and their combination in the treatment of men with AGA and to evaluate the effects of PRP on the proliferation of hair follicle (HF) cells in skin biopsy. Materials and Methods: The study involved 69 men who were divided into 3 groups who received PRP therapy, minoxidil, and their combination. The clinical efficacy of the therapy was evaluated by the dynamics of morphometric of hairs. To assess cell proliferation antibodies to β-catenin, CD34, Ki67, and to Dkk-1 were used. Results. PRP treatment was more effective than minoxidil therapy (p = 0.005). Complex therapy turned out to be more effective than minoxidil monotherapy (p < 0.0001) and PRP monotherapy (p = 0.007). After applying PRP the absolute and relative values of the β-catenin and CD34 expression area increased; an increase in Ki67+ index was also significant. Conclusions: PRP can be considered as a treatment option for AGA. Combined PRP and minoxidil use seems promising for the treatment of AGA. PRP increase in the proliferative activity of HF cells and improves hair morphology in patients with AGA.
A Nemic Parasite of Pecten

So far as I have learned, the only nema hitherto described from Pecten is that mentioned by Vadel in 1855, a larval form three and onehalf centimeters long and a half millimeter wide, tapering both ways, having a blunt anterior and a pointed posterior extremity. Internally, a coiled organ was seen alongside the alimentary canal. A punctate organ was seen near the anterior extremity barely visible to the naked eye. This actively moving nema had the habit of coiling itself together, and executing a great variety of movements while rapidly coiling and uncoiling. The description is probably inadequate for recognizing the nema, the main point being only that a living nema of the above character has been found in Pecten. The inadequate description, however, does not seem to accord with that of the present single immature specimen:
Bile acids Metabolism and Circadian Rhythms.

Circadian rhythms are biological systems that synchronize cellular circadian oscillators with the organism's daily feeding-fasting or rest-activity cycles in mammals. Circadian rhythms regulate nutrient absorption and utilization at the cellular level, and are closely related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Bile acids are important modulators that facilitate nutrient absorption and regulate energy metabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the current connections and future perspectives between the circadian clock and bile acids metabolism as well as related metabolic diseases. Feeding and fasting cycles influence bile acid pool size and composition, and bile acid signaling can respond to acute lipid and glucose utilization and mediate energy balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms, such as shift work, irregular diet, and gene mutations can contribute to altered bile acid metabolism and heighten obesity risk. High-fat diets, alcohol and gene mutations related to bile acid signaling result in desynchronized circadian rhythms. Gut microbiome also plays a role in connecting circadian rhythms with bile acids metabolism. The underlying mechanism of how circadian rhythms interact with bile acids metabolism has not been fully explored. Sustaining bile acids homeostasis based on circadian rhythms may be potential therapies to alleviate metabolic disturbance.
Quantifying 3D Strain in Scaffold Implants for Regenerative Medicine

Regenerative medicine solutions require thoughtful design to elicit the intended biological response. This includes the biomechanical stimulus to generate an appropriate strain in the scaffold and surrounding tissue to drive cell lineage to the desired tissue. To provide appropriate strain on a local level, new generations of scaffolds often involve anisotropic spatially graded mechanical properties that cannot be characterised with traditional materials testing equipment. Volumetric examination is possible with three-dimensional (3D) imaging, in situ loading and digital volume correlation (DVC). Micro-CT and DVC were utilised in this study on two sizes of 3D-printed inorganic/organic hybrid scaffolds (n = 2 and n = 4) with a repeating homogenous structure intended for cartilage regeneration. Deformation was observed with a spatial resolution of under 200 µm whilst maintaining displacement random errors of 0.97 µm, strain systematic errors of 0.17% and strain random errors of 0.031%. Digital image correlation (DIC) provided an analysis of the external surfaces whilst DVC enabled localised strain concentrations to be examined throughout the full 3D volume. Strain values derived using DVC correlated well against manually calculated ground-truth measurements (R2 = 0.98, n = 8). The technique ensures the full 3D micro-mechanical environment experienced by cells is intimately considered, enabling future studies to further examine scaffold designs for regenerative medicine.
A sanctuary from everyday life: rheumatology patients’ experiences of in-patient multidisciplinary rehabilitation – a qualitative study

Abstract Purpose To explore how rheumatology patients experience the personal impact of an inpatient rehabilitation stay and to elucidate the impact of contextual factors on the outcome. Methods Exploratory qualitative individual interviews were conducted with 15 rheumatology patients (73% female) who had completed a two-week inpatient rehabilitation stay. Data collection, analysis and interpretation of data were performed within a phenomenological-hermeneutic framework inspired by Paul Ricoeur’s interpretative philosophy. Results The analysis derived one core theme, A sanctuary from everyday life, and five subthemes: (1) Being seen, heard and acknowledged as an equal and whole person; (2) Professional care and compassion; (3) Social relations and interactions between patients; (4) Individual rehabilitation, but challenges regarding shared decision making; and (5) Rehabilitation as a personal process but problems with coherence and transferability of learning to everyday life. Conclusion Patients experience inpatient rehabilitation as a sanctuary, in the following three ways; through individually planned multidisciplinary interventions at the hospital; recognition and compassion from the multidisciplinary staff and through social relationships and interactions with fellow patients. There is a need for improved coordination across primary and secondary health care, to ease coherence and transfer of learning to the patients’ everyday lives. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Patients can find peace and energy to care for themselves because they are away from everyday life when admitted for inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Patients need to be prepared for shared decision-making in order to be able to participate in formulating personal and meaningful goals for rehabilitation. There is a need for awareness of organisational and life transitions, to secure transfer of elements from the rehabilitation stay to the patient’s everyday life. Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of the significance of fellow patients and facilitate and support the patient-patient relationships.
Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Properties of Fe3+-Doped Alkalized Carbon Nitride

Discovering novel materials and improving the properties of existing materials are the main goals in the field of photocatalysis to increase the potential application of the materials. In this paper, a modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst named Fe3+-doped alkalized carbon nitride, which couples the photocatalytic reaction with the Fenton reaction, is introduced to demonstrate its Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation and antibacterial properties. Under visible-light irradiation, the degradation rate of RhB was 99.9% after 200 min, while the antibacterial rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after 300 min were 99.9986%, 99.9974%, and 99.9876%, respectively. Moreover, the repetitive experiments of RhB degradation demonstrate that the proposed photocatalysts have excellent stability and reusability. The active free radical trapping experiments reveal that the superoxide radical (·O2−) is the dominant reactive oxygen species. In addition, the Fenton reaction is introduced into the photocatalytic system due to the doping of Fe3+, and the hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced from the Fenton reaction further enhances the photocatalytic performance. The remarkable improvement in photocatalytic performance of the proposed photocatalyst can be attributed to its broader UV–visible absorption characteristic and the occurrence of the Fenton reaction.
Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring

Cancer cells perform a metabolic rewiring to sustain an increased growth rate and compensate for the redox stress caused by augmented energy metabolism. The metabolic changes are not the same in all cancers. Some features, however, are considered hallmarks of this disease. As an example, all cancer cells rewire the amino acid metabolism for fulfilling both the energy demand and the changed signaling routes. In these altered conditions, some amino acids are more frequently used than others. In any case, the prerequisite for amino acid utilization is the presence of specific transporters in the cell membrane that can guarantee the absorption and the traffic of amino acids among tissues. Tumor cells preferentially use some of these transporters for satisfying their needs. The evidence for this phenomenon is the over-expression of selected transporters, associated with specific cancer types. The knowledge of the link between the over-expression and the metabolic rewiring is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism of reprogramming in cancer cells. The continuous growth of information on structure–function relationships and the regulation of transporters will open novel perspectives in the fight against human cancers.
The p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway in Tumorigenesis and Therapy

Background Mutation of the p53 gene is a frequent event in human cancer. Loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus at 17p is common, often accompanied by missense mutation at the remaining p53 allele (1, 2). Germ-line mutations of p53 are associated with inherited predisposition to cancer, most notably in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Consistent with a role in human disease, homozygous deletion of p53 in the mouse results in normal development but these mice show an increased susceptibility to spontaneous tumorigenesis as well as induction of neoplastic disease by a variety of carcinogens (3). In several genetic models of murine tumor development, loss of p53 facilitates oncogenesis, and, in some cases, may even be required for the disease phenotype (3). Well-characterized oncoproteins that have been shown to be the transforming agents of several DNA tumor viruses function, in part, by binding and inactivating known bind and target p53 degradation, in loss of E6 inhibits are two proteins in
Leaf Soluble Sugars and Free Amino Acids as Important Components of Abscisic Acid—Mediated Drought Response in Tomato

Water deficit has a global impact on plant growth and crop yield. Climate changes are going to increase the intensity, duration and frequency of severe droughts, particularly in southern and south-eastern Europe, elevating the water scarcity issues. We aimed to assess the contribution of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in the protective mechanisms against water deficit, including stomatal conductance, relative water potential and the accumulation of osmoprotectants, as well as on growth parameters. To achieve that, we used a suitable model system, ABA-deficient tomato mutant, flacca and its parental line. Flacca mutant exhibited constitutively higher levels of soluble sugars (e.g., galactose, arabinose, sorbitol) and free amino acids (AAs) compared with the wild type (WT). Water deficit provoked the strong accumulation of proline in both genotypes, and total soluble sugars only in flacca. Upon re-watering, these osmolytes returned to the initial levels in both genotypes. Our results indicate that flacca compensated higher stomatal conductance with a higher constitutive level of free sugars and AAs. Additionally, we suggest that the accumulation of AAs, particularly proline and its precursors and specific branched-chain AAs in both, glucose and sucrose in flacca, and sorbitol in WT, could contribute to maintaining growth rate during water deficit and recovery in both tomato genotypes.
Imaging Predictors of Survival in Patients with Single Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization

Objective Clinical outcomes of patients who undergo transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for single small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not consistent, and may differ based on certain imaging findings. This retrospective study was aimed at determining the efficacy of pre-TACE CT or MR imaging findings in predicting survival outcomes in patients with small HCC upon being treated with TACE. Besides, the study proposed to build a risk prediction model for these patients. Materials and Methods Altogether, 750 patients with functionally good hepatic reserve who received TACE as the first-line treatment for single small HCC between 2004 and 2014 were included in the study. These patients were randomly assigned into training (n = 525) and validation (n = 225) sets. Results According to the results of a multivariable Cox analysis, three pre-TACE imaging findings (tumor margin, tumor location, enhancement pattern) and two clinical factors (age, serum albumin level) were selected and scored to create predictive models for overall, local tumor progression (LTP)-free, and progression-free survival in the training set. The median overall survival time in the validation set were 137.5 months, 76.1 months, and 44.0 months for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves of the predictive models for overall, LTP-free, and progression-free survival applied to the validation cohort showed acceptable areas under the curve values (0.734, 0.802, and 0.775 for overall survival; 0.738, 0.789, and 0.791 for LTP-free survival; and 0.671, 0.733, and 0.694 for progression-free survival at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively). Conclusion Pre-TACE CT or MR imaging findings could predict survival outcomes in patients with small HCC upon treatment with TACE. Our predictive models including three imaging predictors could be helpful in prognostication, identification, and selection of suitable candidates for TACE in patients with single small HCC.
The Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Neuromuscular Disorders: Moving Beyond Movement

Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) affect 1 in 3000 people worldwide. There are more than 150 different types of NMDs, where the common feature is the loss of muscle strength. These disorders are classified according to their neuroanatomical location, as motor neuron diseases, peripheral nerve diseases, neuromuscular junction diseases, and muscle diseases. Over the years, numerous studies have pointed to protein homeostasis as a crucial factor in the development of these fatal diseases. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a fundamental role in maintaining protein homeostasis, being involved in protein degradation, among other cellular functions. Through a cascade of enzymatic reactions, proteins are ubiquitinated, tagged, and translocated to the proteasome to be degraded. Within the ubiquitin system, we can find three main groups of enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzymes), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes), and E3 (ubiquitin–protein ligases). Only the ubiquitinated proteins with specific chain linkages (such as K48) will be degraded by the UPS. In this review, we describe the relevance of this system in NMDs, summarizing the UPS proteins that have been involved in pathological conditions and neuromuscular disorders, such as Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), among others. A better knowledge of the processes involved in the maintenance of proteostasis may pave the way for future progress in neuromuscular disorder studies and treatments.
Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease, in which the pathogenesis is associated with mutations in genes encoding epidermal structural proteins, barrier enzymes, and their inhibitors; the role of genes regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and environmental factors inducing the disease is also noted. Recent studies point to the key role of epigenetic changes in the development of the disease. Epigenetic modifications are mainly mediated by DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and the action of specific non-coding RNAs. It has been documented that the profile of epigenetic changes in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) differs from that observed in healthy people. This applies to the genes affecting the regulation of immune response and inflammatory processes, e.g., both affecting Th1 bias and promoting Th2 responses and the genes of innate immunity, as well as those encoding the structural proteins of the epidermis. Understanding of the epigenetic alterations is therefore pivotal to both create new molecular classifications of atopic dermatitis and to enable the development of personalized treatment strategies.
Lincomycin Stimulates Synthesis ofTEM-2 3-Lactamase by Escherichia coli

Lincomycin increased the TEM-2 ,-lactamase activity of Estherichia coli K-12 cells carrying plasmid RP4 at a concentration which slightly inhibited cell growth. In a control culture P-lactamase activity reached its maximal level in late log phase, whereas when lincomycin was present ,-lactamase activity continued to increase into the stationary phase. Lincomycin (100 ,ug/ml) inhibited both cell growth and protein synthesis by about 35% but stimulated P-lactamase activity 2.5-fold per ml of culture and about 4-fold per cell after 20 h of grbwth. The amount of P-lactamase produced in each culture was also compared by densitophotometry of a stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. The relative values were in good agreement with the relative enzyme activities, indicating that the stimulatory effect of lincomycin was due to an increase in the amount of P-lactamase protein. Inactivation of 1-lactamase appeared to be faster when lincomycin was present. This was determined by measuring the decrease in 3-lactamase activity when phenethyl alcohol was present to prevent maturation of the enzyme. There was no significant difference in plasmid copy number between the cells grown in the presence or absence of lincomycin. These results indicate that lincomycin stimulates transcription, translation, or translocation of ,B-lactamase.
Newspaper as Litter Material and its Effects on the Performance of Broilers

Abstract A 46 day trial was conducted to evaluate the use of shredded newspaper as a litter material for broilers. Four litter treatments were used: 1) wood shavings (WS), 2) wood shavings mixed with paper (WSP), 3) shavings layered over paper (S/P), and 4) paper layered over shavings (P/S). Litter material had no effect on body weight, feed conversion, mortality, or percent leg problems. Feed consumption during days 39 to 46 was significantly higher for broilers grown on WS and ESP. The incidence of breast blisters was lower for birds in the WS treatment than for birds in the other treatments. Newspaper in combination with wood shavings can be a suitable litter if litter moisture can be controlled.
Decision making in group living animals

Group living provides various advantages to individuals such as predator protection, improved competiveness against conspecific groups for resources, and better breeding and exchange of information. However, close spatial proximity commonly comes with costs in the form of increased competition between individuals over limited resources within the group. In the competion, unless a decision is reached among indivudals, the group will split apart and indivuduals will loss advantages in group living. To keep the group cohesive, self鄄organization and leadership are two means of coordination and two types of decision can be made on the group level: combined decision and consensus decision. Here we briefly review the types of group decisions, the coordination mechanisms of competition within group and the process of group decision making. We also compare the effect of information and interest in group decision making. We tend to provide backgrounds to further studies on group decision and advices for conservation in group鄄living animals.