Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kallmann Syndrome and hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.Concluding remarks.

Ever since its first description, human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency has been recognized both clinically and genetically as a heterogeneous disease. The growing appreciation that both Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occur within a given family, i.e. with the same genetic milieu, demonstrates that both of these variants of GnRH deficiency are part of a continuous spectrum of clinical and genetic defects rather than single unique phenotypes. Those with anosmia signal a joint involvement of the olfactory system and GnRH neurons during their embryonic development, whereas those with a normal sense of smell indicate processes occurring either before or after migration of GnRH neurons. Despite the critical evolutionary role played by the reproductive system in ensuring survival of the species, mammalian reproductive activity is quite remarkably invested in a single GnRH-encoding gene and a unique network of relatively sparse hypothalamic GnRH neurons. Considering the ever-changing environmental demands that have threatened survival of mammals over the millennia, it has been recognized that a multi-tiered, overlapping genetic network and cellular pathways must have evolved to regulate the secretion of GnRH itself. In keeping with this notion, the study of humans with GnRH deficiency and study of animal models of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have been prismatic in unraveling the fascinating ontogeny of GnRH neurons, and the last decade has witnessed the discovery of a number of novel genes that underlie human GnRH deficiency. An entire series of ligand-receptor pairs have now been linked to GnRH deficiency. As an evolving theme, mutations in the receptor are a dominant contributor to the syndrome compared to its cognate ligand(s). However, pathogenic genetic mutations account for only approximately a third of GnRH-deficient patients and, in many cases, mutations have been found in the heterozygous state, suggesting that a substantial number of genes underlying GnRH neuron ontogeny are yet to be discovered. In addition, there is an emerging evidence of oligogenicity and genotypic
Cell‐mediated immunity and blocking factors in patients with tumours of the central nervous system

Lymphocytotoxicity studies were carried out in both the autochthonous and allogeneic situations in nine astrocytomas, seven medulloblastomas and two ependy‐momas. Tumour type‐specific lymphocytotoxicity was demonstrated. The degree of lymphocyte‐mediated tumour‐cell killing did not decrease with the duration of apparent clinical cure. Higher degrees of tumour‐cell killing were found in the autochthonous as compared with the allogeneic combinations. Blocking factor was demonstrated in only three patients.
Primary retinoschisis with vascular changes mimicking neovascularization, illustrated with multimodal imaging

antinuclear antibody, anti-double stranded DNA, anticardiolipin antibody, angiotensin-converting enzyme, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and syphilis serology. Her fasting glucose and lipids
Optimal design of redundant parallel mechanism for endoscopic surgery

A kinematic concept of a redundant wrist with parallel structure is presented. This new device transforms the movement of four actuators acting along parallel directions of space, in a motion with three rotations around a fixed point. The properties of this new device are very interesting because they allow the direct mechanical coupling between a master system and a slave device. This mode of coupling allows us to realize teleoperation; moreover its thread-like morphology makes it well suited to the applications in the surgical field. This new redundant morphology is presented as well as a complete kinematic analysis which has shown that actuator redundancy not only removes singularities but also increases workspace while improving dexterity. Finally a dexterity measure and the optimal design of the mechanism are presented.
Phylogenetic patterns in zopherine beetles are related to ecological niche width and dispersal limitation

Niche conservatism has been proposed as the mechanism driving speciation in temperate montane clades through range fragmentation during climatic oscillations. Thus, a negative relationship between speciation rates and niche width is expected. Here, we test this prediction using American zopherine beetles. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered two clades in addition to that of the genus Zopherus: the genera Verodes and Phloeodes, which originated most likely in the Eocene, and diversified during the Miocene and the Pliocene. The assessment of clade niche width in relation to clade diversity supported the proposition of narrow niches leading to a higher probability of range fragmentation during climatic oscillations, thus increasing speciation. Additionally, almost all current populations of Phloeodes and Verodes are located within regions that retained favourable climatic conditions across warm and cold Pleistocene periods, suggesting that dispersal limitation is a strong factor controlling clade distribution. In sum, our results suggest that (i) niche width is a major determinant of the probability of speciation in temperate montane clades, by controlling the probability of potential range fragmentation and (ii) dispersal limitation is also a major determinant of the speciation process, by increasing the fragmentation of realized ranges even when potential distributions are cyclically fused during climatic oscillations. When dispersal limitation is extreme, as in zopherine beetles, populations persist just in those areas that have retained suitable conditions during extremes of past climatic oscillations. Paradoxically, this relict condition confers zopherine beetles great resilience for facing future climate change.
The Effects of Coronary Artery Remodeling on the Developments of Collateral Blood Flow in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Primary Angioplasty

Background: The relation between pressure-derived fractional collateral flow (PDCF) and coronary arterial remodeling remains uncertain in acute myocardial infarction. Methods: We evaluated the effect of arterial remodeling on the development of PDCF in 72 patients with first acute myocardial infarction (pain onset 1.0 and nonpositive remodeling as a RI ≤1.0. Using a 0.014-in. fiber optic pressure moni- toring guide wire, the PDCF index was measured by simultaneous measurement of mean aorta pressure (Pao), distal coronary pressure during the balloon occlusion (Pocc), and central venous pressure (CVP): PDCF index= 100×(Pocc-CVP)/(Pao-CVP). Sufficient collateral was defined as PDCF index >24% and insufficient collateral as PDCF index ≤24%. Results: The RI was 1.04±0.15 in the lesions with sufficient collateral and 1.03±0.16 in the lesions with insufficient collateral (p=0.812). There was no significant difference in the frequency of positive remodeling between the 2 groups (55% vs. 54%, respectively, p=0.966). The PDCF index was 20±11% and 20± 9% in positive and nonpositive remodeling, respectively (p=0.891). There was no significant correlation between RI and PDCF index (r=0.027, p=0.823). Conclusions: The pattern of coronary arterial remodeling might not influence the development of collateral blood flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary
Variability in airway inflammation sampled by bronchoalveolar lavage.

The study by WARD et al. [1], designed to examine the variability in airway inflammation sampled by bronchoalveolar lavage in stable asthmatics, is a worthwhile and commendable piece of research. However, given the variability in the methacholine responsiveness found on the two separate study days, there are some issues with regard to the data analysis. Previous workers have suggested that greater than a plus or minus twofold change in airway responsiveness could be regarded as significant [2]. If one accepts that, in the study by WARD et al. [1], a greater than fourfold difference in the provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD20) between the two study days can be considered as significantly different, then five patients should have been excluded from their analysis, i.e. patients No. 6, 12, 13, 15 and 20. These subjects had a variation in their PD20 of 5.3 to 125 fold between the two study days. If this subgroup were removed, and they could have been removed prospectively if the criteria for similar asthmatic status had included PD20 variation, what effect is there on the conclusions of the study? Determinants of asthma stability relate to symptoms, medications, airway function, and also airway responsiveness. Limits for the comparison could be set for each of these items. The study [1] illustrates the challenge that we have in accepting absolute numbers that have been measured, without considering the errors that can occur. The team from Melbourne should be congratulated on their efforts to provide more evidence for the variability of measurements.
Quantifying the Contribution of NHL Player Types to Team Performance

In this paper, we use k-means clustering to define distinct player types for each of the three positions on a National Hockey League (NHL) team and then use regression to determine a quantitative relationship between team performance and the player types identified in the clustering. Using NHL regular-season data from 2005–2010, we identify four forward types, four defensemen types, and three goalie types. Goalies tend to contribute the most to team performance, followed by forwards and then defensemen. We also show that once we account for salary cap and playing-time information, the value of different player types may become similar. Lastly, we illustrate how to use the regression results to analyze trades and their impact on team performance.
Connecting Users with Their Data: An Environment to Explore the Morphodynamics of Rip Channels

Remote sensors are widely used in coastal morphodynamic research, and users are often confronted with abundant data sensors generated by these sensors. These data, if properly explored, can be used to study and manage many coastal features and processes that are not well understood. As an example, we present the exploration of rip channels. Coastal data sets are currently explored using animated image sequences. Users are dissatisfied, however, because exploration remains largely a subjective and time-consuming process. In particular, detecting the presence and evolution of relatively small, highly dynamic rip channels has proved difficult. This article examines how the visual exploration of rip objects can be improved. We first look at the factors limiting exploratory use of conventional animations for rip studies and argue that two main factors are responsible: data complexity and animation design based on images that mimic reality. Then we present an example of how the current approach to visualizing t.
Study of self-heating in GaAs pHEMTs using pulsed I-V Analysis

A pulsed I-V thermal resistance Rth measurement method is formulated and applied on-wafer to a GaAs MMIC pHEMT. An investigation of device dispersion phenomena assesses their impact on the measurement. It is found that performing the Rth measurement using two quiescent bias points in close proximity (situated beyond the knee voltage yet prior to drain voltages that result in significant levels of gate leakage due to impact ionization) improves the accuracy of the method. Extraction of thermal coefficients characterizes the drain current reduction due to heating, allowing for an efficient calculation of Rth with improved precision.
The Librarian and the Library: Why Place Matters

Les bibliotheques en tant que lieux sont-elles condammnees a disparaitre, detronees par les bibliotheques virtuelles ? Au 19eme siecle et au debut du 20eme, le concept de bibliotheconomie publique a toujours ete etroitement lie a la bibliotheque en tant qu'espace physique. L'A. rappelle l'importance historique de la notion d'espace, de bâtiment et d'amenagement, notamment a travers l'exemple de Lilian Gunter, bibliothecaire a Gainsville (Texas), pour comprendre la philosophie du service dans les bibliotheques publiques.
The EAST Practice Management Guidelines for Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Tube Thoracostomy for Traumatic Hemopneumothorax: a commentary. Eastern Association for Trauma.

The article in this issue of The Journal of Trauma(pp. 000-000) entitled “Practice Management Guidelines for Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Tube Thoracostomy for Traumatic Hemopneumothorax” written by the Eastern Association for Trauma (EAST) Practice Management Guidelines Work Group has reviewed the literature from 1977 to 1997 for papers dealing with prophylactic (preventive) antibiotic use for trauma patients requiring a chest tube for hemo(pneumo)thorax. Of 44 references found with a Medline inquiry, they selected 11 for inclusion in their “evidentiary review. ” Nine of these studies were prospective series 1–9
Differences in Rapid Initiation and Termination of Voluntary Postural Sway Associated with Ageing and Falls-Risk

ABSTRACT The authors examined differences between young adults (n = 25) and healthy older adults (n = 48) in reaction time and the relations between center of pressure (COP) and center of mass (COM) motions during rapid initiation and termination of voluntary postural sway. Older adults were divided into low and high falls-risk groups based on Physiological Profile Assessment scores of sensorimotor function. Low falls-risk older adults had slower reaction times during anteroposterior sway initiation and decreased COP–COM separation during anteroposterior and medialateral sway initiation and anteroposterior continuous voluntary sway compared with young adults. High falls-risk older adults had slower initiation and termination reaction times in all response directions and decreased COP–COM separation during sway initiation and continuous voluntary sway in the anteroposterior and medialateral directions compared with young adults. Compared with low falls-risk older adults, high falls-risk older adults had slower initiation and termination reaction times in all response directions and decreased COP–COM separation during medialateral continuous voluntary sway. Reaction time and COP–COM measures significantly predicted group status in discriminant models with sensitivities and specificities of 72–100%. Overall, these findings highlight important associations of age-related declines in sensorimotor function related to an increased risk of falling with slower postural reaction time and reduced postural stability.
Phosphate resistance in a field strain of house flies.

Summary Offspring from a field strain of house flies taken from the L.S. U. poultry farm in the Baton Rouge, Louisiana area in October 1957 were found by topical application to be highly resistant to malathion and DDT with varying degrees of resistance to the other insecticides tested. Malathion had been used exclusively for 3 years. Progeny from field strains taken from the same area in October and December 1958 were more resistant to malathion, perhaps due to continued use of the organic phosphates. In the resistant group the larval period was longer and pupation and emergence extended over a longer time interval than the Orlando, Florida susceptible strain.
Performance Comparison of SAGE and MUSIC for Channel Estimation in Direction-Scan Measurements

In this paper, the performances of a space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm and a MUltiple Signal Identification Classification (MUSIC) technique are compared when they are used to estimate the parameters of multipath components in a propagation channel from measurement data acquired by stepping a horn antenna in directions. The impacts of the horn antenna's half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and the stepping strategy on root mean squared estimation error and the intrinsic resolution of the estimators are investigated through simulations. The results demonstrate that the performances of both methods rely on the settings of the direction-scan strategy and the antenna HPBW. In general, the MUSIC algorithm, which owns a superior resolution, is less sensitive to the scan configuration and more suitable for scenarios of high signal-to-noise power ratio compared with the SAGE algorithm. Measurement data collected at 13-17 GHz is processed by using both algorithms. The results show that the MUSIC technique can be used to provide similar results with those of the SAGE algorithm at a time consumption significantly reduced.
TRAM Flaps in Patients with Abdominal Scars

&NA; Of 114 patients who had TRAM flap breast reconstruction, 46 (40 percent) had preexisting abdominal surgical scars. Sixty‐six free TRAM flaps and 9 pedicled TRAM flaps were performed in the 46 patients. The records were analyzed to determine what impact, if any, abdominal scars had on postoperative complications. There were no reconstructive failures or significant (>25 percent) flap losses. Eight minor complications occurred in 7 patients (15 percent). The incidences of abdominal‐wall weakness (4.3 percent), partial flap loss (4.3 percent), minor fat necrosis (4.3 percent), and donor‐site wound problems (4.3 percent) were acceptable. Subcostal scars and multiple abdominal scars were found to predispose to skin complications. Right lower paramedian scars precluded free TRAM flaps because of damage to the inferior epigastric vessels in three of three patients. Both obesity (p = 0.003) and smoking (p = 0.05) were associated with a greater risk of wound‐healing complications. We conclude that with certain technical modifications, TRAM flap reconstruction is a safe and effective procedure in patients with abdominal scars. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 99: 713, 1997.)
Part II: A Novel Scheme to Optimize the Mixed-Signal Performance and Hot-carrier Reliability of Drain-Extended MOS Devices

The impact of scaling the depth of the shallow trench isolation (STI) region, underneath the gate-to-drain overlap, on the STI drain-extended metal-oxide-semiconductor (DeMOS) mixed-signal performance and hot-carrier behavior is systematically investigated in this work. For the first time, we discuss a dual-STI process for input/output applications. Furthermore, the differences in the hot-carrier behavior of various drain-extended devices are studied under the on- and off-states. We found that the non-STI DeMOS devices are quite prone to failure when compared with the STI DeMOS devices in both the on- and off- states. We introduced a more accurate way of predicting hot-carrier degradation in these types of devices in the on-state. We show that scaling the depth of the STI underneath the gate is the key for improving both the mixed-signal and hot-carrier reliability performances of these devices.
Classic cases revisited: Mrs Janet Tracey, resuscitation and the importance of good communication

The prevalence of inappropriate care, defined as actions contrary to personal and professional beliefs, is high. This is a reflection of the reluctance of the society at large to acknowledge the biological certainty that is death. The case of Mrs Janet Tracey illustrates importance of good communication at the end of life, and the difficulties associated with making of DNACPR decisions. The case brings together two bioethical perspectives on the relationship between the patient and the physician namely the rights based approach, as emphasised by the Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the bioethical principles approach ephasising autonomy. In doing so it creates a medico-legal landmark for all those involved in management of the end of life.
Advances in Brief Tumor Cell Surface-associated Binding Site for the Mr 72 , 000 Type IV Collagenase 1

We have studied the capacity of two human breast adenocarcinoma cells, MDA-MB231 and MCF-7, to bind exogenous M, 72,000 type IV collagenase by both morphological and radioreceptor binding assays. By indirect immunofluorescence, staining with a specific anli-. V/, 72,000 type IV collagenase antibody was strongly induced when cells were preincubated with the purified enzyme. Scatchard plot analysis indi cated the existence of a binding site for the M, 72,000 type IV collage nase with high affinity for both cell lines (A,, 2 x 10 " M). These results are the first demonstration of the existence of a tumor cell membrane-associated putative receptor for a member of the matrix met al loproteinase family, as previously evidenced for the urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
Reflexiones sobre el uso del concepto de clase para el estudio de la movilidad social

La tematica de la movilidad social puede ser pensada como una de las mas relevantes dentro del mundo de la sociologia, ya que permite analizar la articulacion entre los esquemas de desigualdad y los sistemas economicos, a partir de la configuracion de diferentes niveles de apertura o clausura de una estructura social asi como dar cuenta de la tension entre la reproduccion y el cambio social.No obstante, el tema ha sido desdenado por muchos teoricos por considerar que la movilidad social implicitamente refiere a una vision politica segun la cual los individuos tienen oportunidades de moverse hacia otras clases sociales, y lo haran de manera meritocratica segun el esfuerzo que pongan en hacerlo. Como se vera mas adelante, esta vision hegemonizo el estudio de la movilidad social durante decadas, e incluso sigue muy presente hoy en dia en los estudios de los paises del primer mundo.
Digital Posturography Games Correlate with Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to assess whether performance on posturography games correlates with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) in children with cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Simple games using static posturography technology allowed subjects to control screen events via postural sway. Game performance was compared with GMFMs using correlation analysis in a convenience sample of nine girls and six boys with cerebral palsy. Likert scales were used to obtain subjective responses to the balance games. RESULTS GMFM scores correlated with game performance, especially measures emphasizing rhythmic sway. Twelve of the 15 subjects enjoyed the game and asserted an interest in playing again. CONCLUSIONS Digital posturography games engage children with cerebral palsy in balance tasks, provide visual feedback in a balance control task, and have the potential to increase autonomy in balance control training among pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. This approach can support the relationship between child and therapist. The potential for interactive posturography to complement the assessment and treatment of balance in cerebral palsy bears continuing study.
Global Dynamics of a Parasite-Host Model with Nonlinear Incidence Rate

The paper is concerned with the effect of a nonlinear incidence rate Sp Iq on dynamical behaviors of a parasite-host model. It is shown that the global attractor of the parasite-host model is an equilibrium if q = 1, which is similar to that of the parasite-host model with a nonlinear incidence rate of the fractional function . However, when q is greater than one, more positive equilibria appear and limit cycles arise from Hopf bifurcations at the positive equilibria for the model with the incidence rate Sp Iq. It reveals that the nonlinear incidence rate of the exponential function Sp Iq for generic p and q can lead to more complicated and richer dynamics than the bilinear incidence rate or the fractional incidence rate for this model.