Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment Algorithm from the New York City (USA) Fire Department

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to determine if modification of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) system by the addition of an Orange category, intermediate between the most critically injured (Red) and the non-critical, non-ambulatory injured (Yellow), would reduce over- and under-triage rates in a simulated mass-casualty incident (MCI) exercise. Methods A computer-simulation exercise of identical presentations of an MCI scenario involving a 2-train collision, with 28 case scenarios, was provided for triaging to two groups: the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY; n = 1,347) using modified START, and the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers from the Eagles 2012 EMS conference (Lafayette, Louisiana USA; n = 110) using unmodified START. Percent correct by triage category was calculated for each group. Performance was then compared between the two EMS groups on the five cases where Orange was the correct answer under the modified START system. Results Overall, FDNY-EMS providers correctly triaged 91.2% of cases using FDNY-START whereas non-FDNY-Eagles providers correctly triaged 87.1% of cases using unmodified START. In analysis of the five Orange cases (chest pain or dyspnea without obvious trauma), FDNY-EMS performed significantly better using FDNY-START, correctly triaging 86.3% of cases (over-triage 1.5%; under-triage 12.2%), whereas the non-FDNY-Eagles group using unmodified START correctly triaged 81.5% of cases (over-triage 17.3%; under-triage 1.3%), a difference of 4.9% (95% CI, 1.5-8.2). Conclusions The FDNY-START system may allow providers to prioritize casualties using an intermediate category (Orange) more properly aligned to meet patient needs, and as such, may reduce the rates of over-triage compared with START. The FDNY-START system decreases the variability in patient sorting while maintaining high field utility without needing computer assistance or extensive retraining. Comparison of triage algorithms at actual MCIs is needed; however, initial feedback is promising, suggesting that FDNY-START can improve triage with minimal additional training and cost. ArshadFH, WilliamsA, AsaedaG, IsaacsD, KaufmanB, Ben-EliD, GonzalezD, FreeseJP, HillgardnerJ, WeakleyJ, HallCB, WebberMP, PrezantDJ. A modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment algorithm from the New York City (USA) Fire Department. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-6 .
G2848A and T-1237C polymorphisms of the TLR9 gene and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in patients from southern Brazil.

11 Laboratorio de Imunogen´ etica, PPGBM – Programa de P´ os Graduac´ ¸ao em Gen˜ etica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do´Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil2 Hospital Sao Lucas, Pontif˜ ´icia Universidade Cat olica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil´3 Department of Immunology, Hospital de Cl´inicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil4 Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Cl´inicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil5 Department of Coloproctology, Hospital de Cl´inicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Implementation of Residential and Nonresidential Treatment for the Dually Diagnosed Homeless

An implementation analysis conducted as part of a 2-year experimental study of residential and nonresidential treatment programs for the dually diagnosed homeless found significant differ ences in client engagement and retention, as well as unexpected variations in the treatment conditions. Fully 40% of subjects assigned to either treatmentfailed to become engaged for even one day, although a significantly higher percentage of those assigned to the residential program than the nonresidential program graduated from the first 3-month phase of treatment. The analysis revealed significant differences in the type and amount of services provided by the two treatment programs, as well as potentially important difficulties in program management. Such process data are valuable toolsfor understanding client outcomes and interpreting experimental results.
SYN-JEM: A Quantitative Job-Exposure Matrix for Five Lung Carcinogens.

OBJECTIVE The use of measurement data in occupational exposure assessment allows more quantitative analyses of possible exposure-response relations. We describe a quantitative exposure assessment approach for five lung carcinogens (i.e. asbestos, chromium-VI, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (by its proxy benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)) and respirable crystalline silica). A quantitative job-exposure matrix (JEM) was developed based on statistical modeling of large quantities of personal measurements. METHODS Empirical linear models were developed using personal occupational exposure measurements (n = 102306) from Europe and Canada, as well as auxiliary information like job (industry), year of sampling, region, an a priori exposure rating of each job (none, low, and high exposed), sampling and analytical methods, and sampling duration. The model outcomes were used to create a JEM with a quantitative estimate of the level of exposure by job, year, and region. RESULTS Decreasing time trends were observed for all agents between the 1970s and 2009, ranging from -1.2% per year for personal BaP and nickel exposures to -10.7% for asbestos (in the time period before an asbestos ban was implemented). Regional differences in exposure concentrations (adjusted for measured jobs, years of measurement, and sampling method and duration) varied by agent, ranging from a factor 3.3 for chromium-VI up to a factor 10.5 for asbestos. CONCLUSION We estimated time-, job-, and region-specific exposure levels for four (asbestos, chromium-VI, nickel, and RCS) out of five considered lung carcinogens. Through statistical modeling of large amounts of personal occupational exposure measurement data we were able to derive a quantitative JEM to be used in community-based studies.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ANESTHETICS ON THE CHOLESTEROL AND SUGAR CONTENT OF THE BLOOD

In the course of experimentation on gallstone formation,1it was noted that animals under ether anesthesia showed a higher blood cholesterol value than they did preceding the anesthesia. The literature on this point was in some respects meager, and was conflicting. Therefore, experiments were carried out in an attempt to determine the amount and the extent of change in blood cholesterol under various anesthetics. Bloor2reported a rise in blood fat (in which all the lipoid constituents shared) of from 40 to 100 per cent in dogs under ether anesthesia. The rate of rise was most marked during the first hour. Using chloroform, Bloor found no rise in blood cholesterol unless the dog was previously stuffed with fat. Then there was a sharp rise. He noted an "after rise" from chloroform two or three days later. Both morphine and ethyl alcohol produced a slight or no increase in
Longitudinal study on dietary intake and health by the elderly in an urban community

We conducted an 8-year longitudinal study to investigate aging-related changes in food and nutrient intake in a cohort of elderly subjects living in an urban community, and attempted to relate food intake with vital prognosis. The first (baseline) nutrition survey was conducted in 1991 on 161 subjects (72 males and 89 females; aged 65 to 79) living in Koganei City. The second nutrition survey was conducted 8 years later in 1999. Excluding death or illness, 98 subjects (86%) were available for follow-up. Nutrition survey was conducted by a three-day dietary record method with daily home visits by dieticians. Aging-related changes in physical attributes, food intake, nutrient intake, and intake adequacy were analyzed. The relationship between nutritional intake and mortality was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard model. In the present cohort, although nutrient and food intake changes with aging, nutrient intake was higher than the recommended dietary allowances. These results show that a “diet for healthy longevity” is achieved by continuing to maintain the recommended dietary allowances despite age advancement.
Endoscopic findings of small-intestinal Epstein–Barr virus-associated T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

A 71-year-oldwomanwas admitted to our hospital in October 2009 with a 3-month history of severe diarrhea and weight loss of 5kg with hypoalbuminemia. Computed tomography showed diffusely thickened small-intestinal wall and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. Capsule endoscopy revealed flattened villi throughout the small intestine (●" Fig.1). Double-balloon enteroscopy confirmed diffusely atrophic small-intestinal villi and clearly visible Peyer’s patches (●" Fig.2). No neoplastic changes were observed on hematoxylin and eosin staining of the small-intestinal mucosa, but atrophic villous structures tentatively suggested celiac disease (●" Fig.3). Although blood tests indicated positivity for anti-gliadin antibodies, celiac diseasewas excludedas thepatient’s symptomswere not alleviated by being on a gluten-free diet for 1month. On the basis of suspected small-intestinal lymphoproliferative disorder we checked for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. High anti-EBV VCA-IgG and EA-IgG titers accompanied by a very high EBV-DNA load in the peripheral blood (6.3×105 copies/mL) suggested chronic active EBV infection. Southern blot analysis of EBV terminal repeats revealed monoclonal proliferation of the EBV-infected cells, which were shown by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting (FACS) analysis to be CD4+T cells. EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization indicated a marked increase in the number of EBV-infected cells in the small-intestinal mucosa (●" Fig.4). Taken Fig.1 Capsule endoscopy findings in the small intestine. a Villous atrophy and flattening were found throughout the small intestine. b Red spots were observed in the lower small intestine.
Finding k shortest simple paths in directed graphs: A node classification algorithm

We propose a new exact algorithm for enumerating k shortest simple paths in a directed graph with n nodes and m edges. The algorithm has a complexity of O ( k n ( m + n log n ) ) and follows the same process as Yen's deviation algorithm, but the candidate paths are computed more efficiently using a node classification technique. We first show that a candidate path can be separated by its deviation node as prefix and suffix. Our algorithm then classifies the nodes as red, yellow, and green. A node on the prefix is assigned a red color, a node that can reach t (the destination node) through a shortest path without visiting a red node is assigned a green color, and all other nodes are assigned a yellow color. We prove that when searching for the suffix of a candidate path, all green nodes can be bypassed, and we only need to apply Dijkstra's algorithm to find an all‐yellow‐node subpath. Since on average the number of yellow nodes is much smaller than n, the new algorithm has a much lower average‐case running time. Experiments on many types of networks demonstrate that the new algorithm performs significantly better than existing exact algorithms that have polynomial worst‐case complexity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 64(1), 6–17 2014
Abnormal impulse generation in focally demyelinated trigeminal roots

✓ In 12 cats and two Macaca mulatta monkeys, areas of chronic focal injury were induced in the trigeminal root by implantation of a chromic suture in the nerve near its entry into the brain stem. Experimental lesions were examined histologically and electrophysiologically at 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after surgery. At 3 weeks following implantation, lesioned nerves showed areas of focal inflammation surrounding implanted sutures with prominent demyelination of adjacent axons. A total of 497 trigeminal units were studied, 304 of which had associated demyelination of the root. In these 304 cells, two types of abnormal impulse generation from areas of focal demyelination were recorded. Reflected orthodromic action potentials and prolonged high-frequency after-discharges following short priming trains of orthodromic stimuli were observed in 23% and 4% of cells, respectively. Ectopic spike initiation from areas of focal demyelination was not dependent upon anatomical continuity of the nerve with the brain s.
The Invisible Poor: Canada's Retired Widows

RÉSUMÉ Cette recherche examine les facteurs qui influent sur les conditions économiques des veuves qui ont été sur le marché du travail au cours de leur vie. Dans le cadre de l'Enquête sur le vieillissement et l'autonomie, on compare les veuves aux femmes mariées, séparées/divorcées et même aux célibataires retraitées. On compare aussi les veuves qui sont au-dessus et au-dessous du seuil de faible revenu (SFR) selon Statistique Canada. On établit des modèles permettant de prévoir qui, des femmes et des veuves, se situera éventuellement sous le SFR. Les résultats indiquent que 49 pour cent des veuves vivent sous le SFR. Parmi les facteurs associés au fait de vivre sous le seuil de la pauvreté, on compte le veuvage, un plus petit ménage, un faible niveau d'éducation et une occupation au bas de la hiérarchie professionnelle. Les sources de revenus qui accroîtraient la possibilité d'être au-delà du seuil de la pauvreté, comme les R.E. É. R. , les placements et une rente liée à un emploi, ne sont pas habituelles pour ces femmes, en dépit de leur appartenance antérieure au marché du travail. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to examine what factors influence the economic circumstances of widowed women who were in the labour force at some time in their lives. Using the Survey of Ageing and Independence, widows are compared to the married, separated/divorced and the ever single who retired. Widows above and below Statistics Canada Low Income Cut-Off (LICO) are also compared. Models predicting who falls below the Low Income Cut-Off are estimated for all women and for the widows. The findings indicate that 49 per cent of the widows live below the Low Income Cut-Off. Factors associated with living below the poverty line include widowhood, a smaller household, lower levels of education and an occupation at the bottom of the occupational hierarchy. Sources of income that would enhance the likelihood of being above the poverty line, such as RRSPs, investments and a job-related pension, are not common amongst these women despite their previous attachment to the labour force.
Cardiovascular toxicity following sunitinib therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter analysis.

BACKGROUND Recent data have shown that cardiotoxicity represents a potentially important side-effect in patients treated with sunitinib. We reviewed cardiac adverse events in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who underwent treatment with this agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of 175 patients with metastatic RCC treated with sunitinib at eight Italian institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Alterations in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and blood pressure were evaluated. Patients with preexisting cardiac risk factors were specifically scrutinized for increased expression of cardiac changes. RESULTS Grade 3 hypertension was seen in 17 patients (9.7%); in 12 of these 17, hypertension developed after receiving the third sunitinib cycle. Among these 17 patients, 12 (70.6%) also experienced left ventricular systolic (LVEF) dysfunction; in all, 33 of the 175 patients (18.9%) developed some degree of cardiac abnormality, of which 12 were classified as grade 3 LVEF dysfunction and/or congestive heart failure (CHF) (6.9%). Significant univariate associations for predictors of CHF were history of hypertension (P = 0.008), history of coronary heart disease (P = 0.0005) and prior treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis suggested that a history of coronary artery disease [odds ratio (OR) 18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4-160, P = 0.005] and hypertension (OR 3, 95% CI 1.5-80, P = 0.04) was the only significant independent predictors of CHF. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing sunitinib, especially those with a previous history of hypertension and coronary heart disease, are at increased risk for cardiovascular events and should be monitored for exacerbations of their hypertension and for evidence of LVEF dysfunction during treatment.
The clinical relevance of attentional bias in substance use disorders

Individuals with substance use disorders typically show an “attentional bias” for substance-related cues: Those cues are able to grab and hold the attention, in preference to other cues in the environment. We discuss the theoretical context for this work before reviewing the measurement of attentional bias, and its relationship to motivational state and relapse to substance use after a period of abstinence. Finally, we discuss the implications of this research for the treatment of substance use disorders. We conclude that attentional bias is associated with subjective craving, and that moment-by-moment fluctuations in attentional bias may precede relapse to substance use. The evidence regarding the predictive relationship between attentional bias assessed in treatment contexts and subsequent relapse is inconsistent. Furthermore, there is currently insufficient evidence to endorse attentional bias modification as a treatment for substance use disorders. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are highlighted.
SHOE DYE POISONING

During the last two years, my attention has been called to ten cases of poisoning from the use of shoe dyes which contain either nitrobenzene or anilin as a solvent and which are used to dye tan or light colored leather black. These cases have been characterized by marked cyanosis, sometimes accompanied by vertigo and weakness, digestive disorders, headache and somnolence. The danger of poisoning from nitrobenzene or anilin has been discussed particularly with regard to industrial workers. This phase of nitrobenzene and anilin intoxication is perhaps best summarized by Hamilton,1who made a thorough investigation of such poisoning in the American dye industry. Many cases of accidental poisoning by nitrobenzene or anilin through the spilling or splashing of these liquids on the skin or clothing are recorded in the medical literature. Painters using anilin-containing paint have been poisoned by the absorption of this oil through the skin.2
Soluble monomers, dimers and HLA‐G‐expressing extracellular vesicles: the three dimensions of structural complexity to use HLA‐G as a clinical biomarker

The HLA‐G molecule belongs to the family of nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. At variance to classical HLA class I, HLA‐G displays (i) a low number of nucleotide variations within the coding region, (ii) a high structural diversity, (iii) a restricted peptide repertoire, (iv) a limited tissue distribution and (v) strong immune‐suppressive properties. The physiological HLA‐G surface expression is restricted to the maternal–fetal interface and to immune‐privileged adult tissues. Soluble forms of HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) are detectable in various body fluids. Cellular activation and pathological processes are associated with an aberrant or a neo‐expression of HLA‐G/sHLA‐G. Functionally, HLA‐G and its secreted forms are considered to be key players in the induction of short‐ and long‐term tolerance. Thus, its unique expression profile and tolerance‐inducing functions render HLA‐G/sHLA‐G an attractive biomarker to monitor the systemic health/disease status and disease activity/progression for clinical approaches in disease management and treatments. Here, we place emphasis on (i) the current status of the tolerance‐inducing functions by HLA‐G/sHLA‐G, (ii) the current complexity to implement this molecule as a meaningful clinical biomarker regarding the three dimensions of structural diversity (monomers, dimers and HLA‐G‐expressing extracellular vesicles) with its functional implications, and (iii) novel and future approaches to detect and quantify sHLA‐G structures and functions.
[The embolisation of venous malformations].

BACKGROUND The treatment of congenital, vascular malformations is a challenge for physicians and patients. Although different therapeutic options have been described to date, their individual relevance has still to be defined. Â METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 61 patients with a venous malformation (VM, mean age 22 years), who were referred to our depart-ment during the last 5 years. The size of the VM was larger than 5 cm in 41 patients (66 %). The lower extremities were involved in 45 cases (73 %). The most frequent clinical manifestations were recurrent swelling (80 %), pain (63 %), varicosis (60 %) and thrombophlebitis (39 %). MR angiography with venous sequences was always performed before treatment. Depending on the localisation and the extension of the VM, different techniques of embolisation were selected: foam sclerotherapy or application of synthetic glue by direct punction, coiling of pelvic veins or arterial embolisation with glue. RESULTS 42 patients (69 %) underwent a procedure because of the complaints or the extension of the VM. An embolisation was performed in 25 patients with 65 interventional sessions. The most frequent technique was foam sclerotherapy (45 ×), followed by glue injection (13 ×), pelvic -venous coiling (6 ×) and arterial embolisation with glue (1 ×). Fifteen patients (60 %) reported a very good and 8 patients a marked improvement (32 %). In two cases there was no change of the complaints. The postinterventional complications were severe pain (n = 3) and skin/fat necrosis at the toe of one patient. CONCLUSIONS The embolisation of venous malformations is an effective therapeutic tool. Different techniques can be used to address specific localisations and morphological patterns. The com-plication rate is very low when a step-by-step -approach is used, so that a repeat intervention is feasible. However, a more specific documentation of the post-interventional changes of the VM is needed before a general recommendation can be given.