Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential population studies using asteroseismology: Solar-like oscillating giants in CoRoT fields LRc01 and LRa01

Solar-like oscillating giants observed by the space-borne satellites CoRoT and Kepler can be used as key tracers of stellar populations in the Milky Way. When combined with additional photometric/spectroscopic constraints, the pulsation spectra of solar-like oscillating giant stars not only reveal their radii, and hence distances, but also provide well-constrained estimates of their masses, which can be used as proxies for the ages of these evolved stars. In this contribution we provide supplementary material to the comparison we presented in Miglio et al. (2013) between populations of giants observed by CoRoT in the fields designated LRc01 and LRa01. This contribution is organised as follows. In §1, we briefly recall how global stellar properties (mass, radius, distance) are determined using average seismic constraints, while we refer to (1) for a general motivation behind this study, the methods adopted, and main results obtained. In §2 we present the data used in this study, along with independent verifications of the asteroseismic radius and mass determination available in the literature (§2.1). Comparisons between the properties of the population observed in LRa01 and LRc01 are presented in §3. Finally, a comparison of observed and synthetic populations computed using parameterised models of the Milky Way is discussed in §4.
Herschel/HIFI spectral line survey of the Orion Bar - Temperature and density differentiation near the PDR surface

Context. Photon dominated regions (PDRs) are interfaces between the mainly ionized and mainly molecular material around young massive stars. Analysis of the physical and chemical structure of such regions traces the impact of far-ultraviolet radiation of young massive stars on their environment. Aims. We present results on the physical and chemical structure of the prototypical high UV-illumination edge-on Orion Bar PDR from an unbiased spectral line survey with a wide spectral coverage which includes lines of many important gas coolants such as [Cii], [Ci], and CO and other key molecules such as H 2 CO, H 2 O, HCN, HCO + , and SO. Methods. A spectral scan from 480–1250 GHz and 1410–1910 GHz at 1.1 MHz resolution was obtained by the HIFI instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory. We obtained physical parameters for the observed molecules. For molecules with multiple transitions we used rotational diagrams to obtain excitation temperatures and column densities. For species with a single detected transition we used an optically thin LTE approximation. In the case of species with available collisional rates, we also performed a non-LTE analysis to obtain kinetic temperatures, H 2 volume densities, and column densities. Results. About 120 lines corresponding to 29 molecules (including isotopologues) have been detected in the Herschel /HIFI line survey, including 11 transitions of CO, 7 transitions of 13 CO, 6 transitions of C 18 O, 10 transitions of H 2 CO, and 6 transitions of H 2 O. The rotational temperatures are in the range between ~22 and ~146 K and the column densities are in the range between 1.8 × 10 12 cm -2 and 4.5 × 10 17 cm -2 . For species with at least three detected transitions and available collisional excitation rates we derived a best fit kinetic temperature and H 2 volume density. Most species trace kinetic temperatures in the range between 100 and 150 K and H 2 volume densities in the range between 10 5 and 10 6 cm -3 . The species with temperatures and/or densities outside this range include the H 2 CO transitions tracing a very high temperature (315 K) and density (1.4 × 10 6 cm -3 ) component and SO corresponding to the lowest temperature (56 K) measured as a part of this line survey. Conclusions. The observed lines/species reveal a range of physical conditions (gas density/temperature) involving structures at high density/high pressure, making the traditional clump/interclump picture of the Orion Bar obsolete.
Globelics Innovation Systems and Global Value Chains

In these days nobody would resist the contention that learning and innovation are key determinants of competitiveness and growth of nations, regions and firms. Sometimes, more refined observers would stress that competitiveness is affected by firm-specific attitudes and actions together with the meso and macroeconomic contexts in which firms operate. In advanced countries, the concept of National Innovation System (NIS), introduced by Freeman (1987) has accounted for the role played by the institutions (the rules of the game) and the organizations that systemically interact and have an effect on the creation and diffusion of innovations in any national economic system. Due to the recognition that, depending on the purpose of the inquiry, the most useful definition of innovation systems might not necessarily coincide with national borders, different concepts have then been introduced in the literature: in order of appearance we can recall ‘technological systems’ (Carlsson and Stakiewicz, 1991), ‘regional innovation systems’ (Cooke, 1992) and ‘sectoral innovation systems’ (Breschi and Malerba, 1997).
The Cuntz Comparison in the Standard -Algebra

The Cuntz comparison, introduced by Cuntz in early 1978, associates each -algebra with an abelian semigroup which is an invariant for the classification of the nuclear -algebras and called the Cuntz semigroup. In this paper, we study the Cuntz comparison in the standard -algebra. We characterize the Cuntz comparison in terms of the dimension of the operator range. Also, we consider the structure of the semilinear map which preserves the Cuntz comparison.
Improved Photochemistry of TiO2 Inverse Opals and Some Examples

TiO2 inverse opals are porous TiO2 structures in which the pore arrangement is well ordered in three dimensions. Frequently the pores are arranged in a fcc or hcp structure and each pore is connected to the twelve nearest neighbours. TiO2 commonly occupies about 25% of the volume of the material, while the pores, which can be filled with gaseous or liquid solutions, account for the remaining 75% of the volume (Fig. 1).
A new vision of giant planet interiors: Impact of double diffusive convection

While conventional interior models for Jupiter and Saturn are based on the simplistic assumption of a solid core surrounded by a homogeneous gaseous envelope, we have derived new models with an inhomogeneous distribution of heavy elements within these planets. Such a compositional gradient hampers large-scale convection that turns into double-diffusive convection, yielding an inner thermal profile that departs from the traditionally assumed adiabatic interior and affecting these planets heat content and cooling history. To address this problem, we have developed an analytical approach to describe layered double-diffusive convection and apply this formalism to solar system gaseous giant planet interiors. These models satisfy all observational constraints and yield values for the metal enrichment of our gaseous giants that are up to 30% to 60% higher than previously thought. The models also constrain the size of the convective layers within the planets. Because the heavy elements tend to be redistributed within the gaseous envelope, the models predict smaller than usual central cores inside Saturn and Jupiter, with possibly no core for the latter. These models open a new window and raise new challenges to our understanding of the internal structure of giant (solar and extrasolar) planets, in particular on how to determine their heavy material content, a key diagnostic for planet formation theories.
Comparison of carbon and nitrogen determination methods for samples of a Paleudult subjected to no-till cropping systems

Organic carbon (C) concentration evaluated by the Walkley-Black method, and total nitrogen (N) concentration determined by Kjeldahl method, were compared with corresponding results of C and N concentrations obtained through the dry combustion method (Elementar Vario EL analyzer), using samples of ten soil layers down to the depth of 107.5 cm of a kaolinitic Typic Paleudult (220-418 g clay kg -1 along the profile) subjected to no-till cropping systems (fallow bare soil, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) plus maize, and lablab (Lablab purpureum L. Sweet) plus maize). A close correlation (R 2 ≥ 0.96) was observed between the C results of the Walkley-Black and dry combustion methods, but a correction was suggested to be applied to C results of Walkley-Black (C = 1.05C W.Black + 0.47). A close correlation (R 2 ≥ 0.96) was also found between results of Kjeldahl-N and dry combustion-N, but no correction was necessary to be applied. The relationships between results of Walkley-Black and dry combustion and between results of Kjeldahl and dry combustion did not change among soil samples from different management systems, in disagreement to findings of a previous study where results of analytical C recovery were influenced by samples from different managements, supposedly because changes in lability or recalcitrance of organic matter might have affected the wet combustion reactions. A poor correlation (R 2 = 0.42) was found between the C:N ratios based on Walkley-Black and Kjeldahl analysis and the C:N ratios based on dry combustion analysis. The methods for C and N determination
Activation properties of Schottky CdTe diodes irradiated by 150 MeV protons

With its high stopping power, Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) has been regarded as a promising semiconductor material for the next generation X//spl gamma/-ray detectors, and improved significantly during this decade. In order to apply this device to astrophysics, it is essential to investigate the radiation hardness and background properties induced by cosmic-ray protons. We irradiated Schottky CdTe diodes and a CdTe block with a beam of mono-energetic (150 MeV) protons. The induced radio-activation in CdTe was measured externally with a germanium detector, and internally with the irradiated CdTe diode itself. We successfully identified most of radioactive isotopes induced mainly via (p, xn) reactions, and confirmed that activation background level of the CdTe diode is sufficiently low in orbit. We compared energy resolution and leakage current before and after the irradiation, and also monitored the signals from a calibration source during the irradiation. There have been no significant degradation. CdTe diodes are enough tolerant to radioactivity in orbit.
ADAMS-BASHFORTH APPROXIMATIONS FOR DIGITAL CONTROL OF COMPLEX VEHICLE DYNAMICS

In this paper Adams-Bashforth approximations were employed for sampled-data modeling of a large class of vehicle dynamics in many degrees of freedom. The problem of path tracking and regulation with geometric and kinematic specifications on the reference paths was focused afterwards. An approach to model-based controller design was presented based on a Lyapunov method over an incremental functional of the path error energies. Asymptotic convergence for small sampling periods into a residual set with a measure depending only on the one-step-ahead sampled-data model errors was proved. Guidelines to select design matrices for independently tuning of the kinematic and geometric path tracking are provided. A case study for a 6 degrees-of-freedom vehicle illustrates the features of the proposed digital control system.
Students' perception of e-classroom and their motivation in learning computer science in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract Several studies have established relationship between nature of learning environment and students' learning outcomes. In favour to this, teachers are ardently called upon to create favourable learning environment for attainment of educational objectives. Students' perception of learning environment was confirmed to have direct bearing to their learning outcomes. Incorporation of technology-based learning strategies has today made investigations into relationship of learning environment and other classroom variables very crucial. Teachers, employers, administrators and stakeholders in educational research and development can use the results of such studies to improve teaching and productivity. This research work aimed at investigating the relationship between students' perception of e-classroom and their motivation in learning Computer Science. Three research questions were stated to guide the study. The study was carried in Bauchi State, Nigeria, involving 100 Senior Secondary II students drawn from ten senior secondary schools using stratified proportionate random sampling technique. The design of the study was correlation survey and data were collected using two instruments. These were Students Perception of E-classroom Inventory (SPEI) and Computer Motivation Questionnaire (CMQ). The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 17. The analyses of the data revealed that the students' perception of e – classroom was favourable and students from female schools perceived e-classroom more favourably than students from male schools. The analyses also showed that students' motivation in learning Computer Science was relatively high. Generally, the students gave more emphasis to computer learning value “an aspect of motivation”. In addition, male students were highly motivated in learning Computer Science than female students. Further, the analysis had confirmed that there was no relationship between students' perception of e-classroom and their motivation in learning Computer Science. Based on the findings, some recommendations were given. Some of them include Computer Science teachers should regularly assess students' perception of e-classroom purposely to ascertain which aspect of the e - class is not influential in their learning of Computer Science. In addition investigation into aspects that promote students' motivation in learning Computer Science should be encouraged
An Interplant Test of the Efficiency Wage Hypothesis

The analysis that follows tests the shirking model of efficiency wages by examining the relationship between rates of employee discipline and relative wage premiums across plants within the same firm. The structure of this data set controls for many of the problems that confound other tests of efficiency wage arguments, and the results suggest that greater wage premiums are associated with lower levels of shirking as measured by disciplinary dismissals. Shirking and discipline are also lower where conditions in the labor market raise the costs associated with shirking by making it more difficult to find alternative employment. It is less clear, however, whether the wage in this case is necessarily efficient in the sense of generating reductions in discipline sufficient to offset the costs of the wage premium.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ROBUST COMPOSITE NONLINEAR FEEDBACK FOR ACTIVE FRONT STEERING BASED VEHICLE YAW STABILITY

In this paper, Robust Composite Nonlinear Feedback (CNF) was implemented on Active Front Steering (AFS) vehicle system for yaw stability control. In this control system, the main objective is to get excellent transient response of vehicle yaw rate and at the same time resist to side wind disturbance. To cater unknown constant disturbance, non-integral function for Robust CNF version is used. Meanwhile for vehicle model, 7 degree of freedom vehicle body with Pacejka Tire formula model for typical passenger car is used to simulate controlled vehicle. The computer simulation by Matlab software is performed to evaluate the system performance in J-Turn and Single sine steer with magnitude from 1 to 3.1 degree with additional 400 Nm external side wind disturbance. By using typical Proportional Integration and Derivative (PID) control auto-tuned by Matlab as comparison, the new designed controller demonstrates higher capability to track reference signal faster and having minimal tracking error during disturbance occur where having less than 0.01 degree compared 0.22 degree by PID. The Robust CNF based designed control system is able to compensate disturbance effect efficiently and also has super-fast tracking as classical CNF.
A study of fortification of lemonade with herbal extracts

The aim of the present work was to design new beverages using lemonade and some herbal extracts (linden, heather, green tea, lemon verbena, clove, peppermint, ginger and mate) rich in vitamin C and flavonoids. The linden-added lemonade showed the highest value (597.9 mg/kg) for ascorbic acid content, whereas the lemon verbena-added lemonade showed the lowest value (486.04 mg/kg). The amount of saccharose was changed by 11.07-11.58%, the glucose by 1.11-1.62% and the fructose between 11.07-11.58% in the beverages. K, Na, Mg and P values in the lemonades were determined in the range of 178.83-210.98 mg/kg, 33.75-39.13 mg/kg, 22.37-27.89 mg/kg and 7.22-10.04 mg/kg, respectively. The total phenolic content in the samples changed between 315.11-397.57 mg GAE/100 g. When the samples were analyzed for antioxidant activity, FRAP (17.13-26.79 µmol trolox/mL) and ABTS (16.91-25.38 µmol trolox/mL) methods gave higher results than the DPPH (14.88-17.72 µmol trolox/mL) method. Linden-, ginger- and peppermint-added lemonades, which had been found to be rich in total phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid, showed higher antioxidant activity than the control sample. Overall, the most preferred lemonades were heather- and ginger-added beverages and the control sample. Mate-added lemonade was the least preferred.
A Numerical Model for Simulation of Thin-Film Water Transport over Solid Fuel Surfaces

A model for simulating water film transport over solid fuel surfaces has been developed. The fundamental film-transport equations for mass continuity, momentum, and energy were formulated. These equations have been implemented in OpenFOAM along with essential source terms for inter-phase transport. The model has been coupled to a gas-phase solver, solid boundary condition, and spray transport model. Initial validation of the model has been performed and good agreement is seen with the Nusselt solution for continuous film flows over inclined surfaces. Comparison of the film model was also made with experimental measurements for film thickness, velocity, and mass flow rate.
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE US AND AUSTRALIAN IPO MARKETS

Prior research on initial public offerings (IPOs) has concentrated on analysis of individual IPOs, or at least aggregated statistics thereof. This paper focuses on the aggregate market for IPOs and a cross-market study is undertaken in which the relationship between the Australian and US IPO markets is analyzed. The results reveal the relative dominance of the US market where the frequency of US IPOs leads the frequency of Australian IPOs. However, no linkage is observed in underpricing between the two markets. Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the helpful comments of an anonymous referee, John Powell, Adrian Pagan, Robert Faff, Robert Brooks, H.Y. Izan, Tom Fetherston, Richard Heaney, and seminar participants at the Doctorate Seminar of European Financial Management Meeting 1999, and the 1 Annual PhD Forum 1999 at the Australian National University. I am especially grateful to Tim Brailsford for his constructive comments and suggestions that greatly improved the paper. I also acknowledge the financial support of Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand.
Amplification of streamflow impacts of El Niño by increased atmospheric greenhouse gases

Some El Niño events produce unusually large precipitation amounts in Northern and Central California. We use a high‐resolution global model of the atmosphere coupled to a physically‐based model of surface hydrology to investigate effects of increased atmospheric CO2 and this type of El Niño, both individually and in combination, on monthly river flows in California. Increased CO2 changes the seasonal timing of river flows and increases their variability. SST anomalies typical of a strong El Niño SST increase monthly‐mean flows. The two perturbations together result in increased mean flows and increased variability, raising the possibility of both increased flood risk and water shortages. The river flow response to this strong El Niño in an increased CO2 climate is significantly different from the sum of the responses to the individual perturbations.
Nitrous Oxide Consumption Potentials of Well-drained Forest Soils in Southern Québec, Canada

To establish the major controls on N 2 O consumption by forest soils, we conducted laboratory incubations of 16 samples from four soil types, two organic and two mineral, varying in overlying forest vegetation (sugar maple, American beech and eastern hemlock). The fastest potential consumption of N 2 O occurred under anoxic conditions with little soil nitrate and under elevated headspace N 2 O concentration. Potential N 2 O consumption rates were fastest in organic soils under hemlock and beech trees (111 and 75 ng N 2 O-N g −1 d −1 , respectively) compared to mineral soils under beech and maple trees (45 and 41 ng N 2 O-N g −1 d −1 ). Organic soils showed faster N 2 O consumption rates than mineral soils, possibly due to larger organic C levels and higher C:N ratios. Acetylene treatment confirmed that denitrification was the process underlying N 2 O consumption. These results suggest that soils regularly consume N 2 O with varying magnitude, most likely in anoxic microsites throughout the soil profile and that the potential for N 2 O consumption is larger in organic than in mineral forest soils.
Identificación Georreferenciada de Patrones de Lesiones no Fatales con Técnicas de Aprendizaje no Supervisado

This article presents one of the results of the research project that aimed to identify in a georeferenced way at the level of urban addresses, patterns of fatal and non-fatal criminal events from the information stored in the Crime Observatory of the Municipality of Pasto (Colombia) with data mining techniques. In order to analyze a criminal event and process it geographically, a geocoder was built under open source code, of urban addresses of the municipality of Pasto that allowed georeferencing each criminal event. This goecodificador was integrated to a cartographic viewer, that when applying the technique of non-supervised learning named clustering, allowed to visualize and to identify patterns in zones of the municipality where the different criminal events happen. This information will make it easier for government and security agencies to make effective decisions related to citizen security and crime prevention. Keywords— Patterns Discovery, Georeferencing, Non-Fatal Injuries, Non-Supervised Learning, DataMining. Resumen– En este artículo se presenta uno de los resultados del proyecto de investigación que tuvo como objetivo identificar de manera georreferenciada a nivel de direcciones urbanas, patrones de eventos delictivos fatales y no fatales a partir de la información almacenada en el Observatorio del Delito del Municipio de Pasto (Colombia) con técnicas de minería de datos. Para analizar un evento delictivo y procesarlo geográficamente, se construyó un geocodificador bajo código abierto, de direcciones urbanas del municipio de Pasto, que permitió georreferenciar cada evento delictivo. Este goecodificador se integró a un visor cartográfico, que al aplicar la técnica de aprendizaje no supervisado llamda clustering, permitió visualizar e identificar patrones en zonas del municipio donde suceden los diferentes eventos delictivos. Esta información facilitará a los organismos gubernamentales y de seguridad la toma de decisiones eficaces relacionadas con la seguridad ciudadana y la prevención de delitos. Palabras Clave— Descubrimiento de Patrones, Georreferenciación, Lesiones no Fatales, Aprendizaje no Supervisado, Minería de datos.