Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Infection and Associated Factors in Western Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Study

Due to high risk of death before two years of age among HIV increasing availability of pediatric antiretroviral treatments, World Health recommends early HIV testing for all exposed infants to the virus. This study assessed utilization of and associated factors with early infant diagnosis of HIV among HIV exposed infants and young children. We conducted a cross 30 in 2014 in the Western Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The study included four weeks to eighteen months aged HIV exposed infants and children and mother pairs enrolled in Anti retroviral Treatment (ART) or Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinics at 27 health facilities. We carried out bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using SPSS 16.0 software to assess the presence and degree of association between dependent and independent variables using odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Of the total 349 infants/mother pairs, included in our study, the proportion of HIV testing among HIV exposed infants/young children was 83.7% with 6 weeks median age for HIV testing. Mothers residing in urban [AOR= 2.92, 95% CI (1.15[AOR= 3.37, 95% CI (1.38-8.22)], and who disclose their sero [AOR= 3.29 95% CI (1.05-10.29)] were more likely to utilize early HIV infection testing service. Presence of mother support group at the health facility [AOR= 6.55, 95% CI (2.88 – 14.90)], and early age enrollment of infants to care [AOR= 4.52, 95% CI (2.00 were also significant predictors for testing of HIV exposed infants and young children. Utilization of early infant diagnosis of HIV infection was relatively high among children enrolled in ART and/or PMTCT clinics in studied health facilities when compared t previous literatures. However, there were still a number of (16.3%) HIV exposed infants and young children which were not tested for HIV. Thus adequate counseling of mothers on benefits of HIV sero-status disclosure and early enrollments of HIV exposed i care, and giving attention to rural attendants are needed. Copyright@2015 STAR Journal
The supercluster-void network V. The regularity periodogram

We analyze the distribution of Abell clusters of galaxies to study the regularity of the supercluster-void network. We apply a new method, the regularity periodogram, that is sensitive to the geometry of the location of clusters, and measure the regularity of the network. We find that the supercluster-void network resembles a cubic lattice over the entire volume considered (out to the distance of 350 h 1 Mpc). The distribution of clusters in rich superclusters is not isotropic: it is periodic along a cubic lattice approximately aligned with the supergalactic coordinates SGX;SGY;SGZ. This large-scale inhomogeneity does not contradict recent CMB data, but its theoretical explanation remains a challenge.
A novel topology of emi filter to suppress common mode and differential mode noises of Electro Magnetic Interference in switching power supplies

This paper deals with Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) in switching power supplies. The EMI consists of mainly common mode and differential mode noises. Due to interference, the efficiency of the equipment reduces and some times the equipment may be damaged. A procedure to design a novel topology of EMI filter to suppress these two noises is presented in this paper.
A Few Reflections on the Reasons Why Cooperative Firms Have Failed to Gain a Firm Foothold

After the inception of the cooperative movement in the mid-19th century, it was widely held that capitalistic businesses would soon be replaced by a system of worker-controlled firms and a wealth of policy proposals called for a major impulse to cooperation in later years also. But cooperation has not met with the hoped-for success. How do we account for this? To our day, employee management specialists have been unable to provide a satisfactory explanation for the fact that the policy proposal to introduce democratic firm control still carries little consensus despite the collapse of the Soviet model of communism. In this paper, we give some answers to the question and emphasise the idea that progress in the direction of a generalised system of cooperative firms would amount to a considerable improvement over capitalism, but will hardly be made without the effective contribution of intellectuals and political parties.
EXPERT BASED RECOMMENDATION FOR ACADEMIC EVENT

With the increasing of academic event such as workshop and seminar offered by the organizer, choosing the right academic event to attend can be a confusing and difficult task. Thus, most of the students rely on friends and lecturer’s recommendation which considered experience enough in choosing the right academic event. Transforming the idea of getting a recommendation from a person who has wide experience in academic and research fields into a recommendation technique become the purpose of this study. The recommender system with an expert recommendation will help student to find an academic event that match with their need and interest. The architecture of this recommender system is discussed.
SALINITY‐DEPENDENT LIMITATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND OXYGEN EXCHANGE IN MICROBIAL MATS

We used benthic flux chambers and microsensor profiling under standardized incubation conditions to compare the short‐term (hours) and long‐term (days) functional responses to salinity in eight different hypersaline microbial mats. The short‐term response of productivity to changes in salinity was specific for each community and in accordance with optimal performance at the respective salinity of origin. This pattern was lost after long‐term exposure to varying salinities when responses to salinity were found to approach a general pattern of decreasing photosynthesis and oxygen exchange capacity with increasing salinity. Exhaustive measurements of oxygen export in the light, oxygen consumption in the dark and gross photosynthesis indicated that a salinity‐dependent limitation of all three parameters occurred. Maximal values for all three parameters decreased exponentially with increasing salinity; exponential decay rates (base 10) were around 4–5 mL·g−1. The values of mats in steady state with respect to salinity tended to approach this salinity‐dependent limit. On the basis of environmental and ecophysiological data, we argue that this limitation was not caused directly by salinity effects on the microorganisms. Rather, the decreasing diffusive supply of O2 in the dark and the increasing diffusion barriers to O2 escape in the light, which intensify with increasing salinity, were likely responsible for the salinity‐dependent limitations observed.
Leaf removal improves fungicide control of powdery mildew in SJV grapes

Basal leaf removal, which has been used to reduce damage from bunch rots and seasonal leafhopper infestations, was tested for its effects on powdery mildew in the San Joaquin Valley. Powdery mildew is one of the most damaging diseases of wine grapes in California. On-farm experiments showed that leaf removal reduced the disease in two of five experiments and facilitated improved spray coverage in grapevine fruiting zones. Leaf removal can improve the effectiveness of fungicide programs in reducing powdery mildew damage, but should not be relied upon alone to control the disease.
Leadership in the Innovative Organization

Abstract In the context of the increasing globalisation of value chains the management of both manufacturing and service firms find themselves faced by contradictory pressures to reduce costs whilst at the same time engaging with customers and suppliers in product improvement and innovation. For advocates of lean production methods the answer is often to be found in a check-list approach to rationalising the present modes of value creation within any organization. Much can be gained by combining such approaches with modes of continuous improvement or kaizen. As Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) have brilliantly illustrated, the most successful of Japanese firms have achieved their ability to adapt and to innovate through the uses of internal and external appropriation of tacit knowledge. For these authors this implied not only a 'bottom-up' structure of formal organization but also a means of listening and translating experiential knowledge into codifiable product and process designs. In the Japanese context this was seen as being brought about by the day-to-day integration of group decision making into operational management as well as the use of special project teams. The application of the methods has proved much more problematic for Western managers, although Japanese transplants have been relatively successful in the same Western context. In this paper I suggest that leadership styles and the formal organization of knowledge creation have to be seen as being congruent both in their aims and in the manner in which they are operationalised. Managers have also to begin by recognising the basis for the psychological contract held with outside customers, suppliers and other organizational members. Quality, especially in service fields, is often in the eye of the beholder!
Correlation of post-operative pain and levels of creatin phosphokinase enzyme following ovariohysterectomy in cats

Background: Recognition of pain is challenging in veterinary medicine due to lack of verbal communication and universal pain assessment system. Increase in biochemical parameters have been shown to have direct correlation with level of postoperative pain. Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the serum levels of CPK and investigate any correlation in serum levels of CPK and postoperative pain following ovariohysterectomy in feline. Methods: Conventional midline ovariohysterectomy was performed in 24 healthy female queens. Serum levels of cortisol, CPK and glucose were measured prior to surgery and at 1 and 3 and 24 hours after the surgery. Also, VAS was used to assess level of post-operative pain. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to identify any correlation between level of pain and CPK after the surgery. Results: The score of pain significantly increased at 1 and 3 hours after the surgery in all of the cats (p=0.001). The concentration of cortisol and CPK significantly increased after the surgery in comparison to the values prior to surgery (p<0.001). Also, the concentrations increased significantly at 3 hours after the surgery compared to the values at 1 hour after the surgery (p<0.001). In 24 hours after the surgery results revealed that serum level of cortisol returned to its normal values but CPK was still higher compared to the values prior to surgery. Significant correlation was detected between the level of pain and CPK after surgery (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a correlation with VAS score of pain and serum levels of Cortisol and CPK at early hours after the surgery. CPK might be used as an indicator of pain in early hours after the surgery in feline. However, the assessment of pain in cats is not possible based on its values alone.
Intrastromal corneal implants for ectatic corneal disorders

Keratoconus and corneal ectasia after LASIK are rare diseases. In contrast to corneal transplantation that is the most frequently used treatment for ectatic corneal disorders in later stages, corneal implantation is a less invasive and reversible intervention. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness and safety of these corneal implants. Since we exclusively found uncontrolled trials, the level of evidence was very low to low. However, the studies predict an improvement in visual acuity with moderate re-operation rates and few adverse events. The use of corneal implants is less invasive than corneal transplantation and is (in contrast to the latter) reversible. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion -with restrictions- in the Austrian catalogue of benefits.
Effects of River Discharge, Temperature, and Future Climates on Energetics and Mortality of Adult Migrating Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

Abstract We evaluated the effects of past and future trends in temperature and discharge in the Fraser River on the migratory performance of the early Stuart population of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Fish of lower condition exhibited disproportionately higher mortality during the spawning run, elucidating a critical link between energetic condition and a fish's ability to reach the spawning grounds. We simulated spawning migrations by accounting for energetic demands for an average individual in the population from the time of entry into the Fraser River estuary to arrival on the spawning grounds (about 1,200 km upstream) and estimated energy expenditures for the average migrant during 1950–2001. The model output indicates relatively high interannual variability in migration energy use and a marked increase in energy demands in recent years related to unusually high discharges (e.g., 1997) and warmer than average water temperature (e.g., 1998). We examined how global climate change might effect dis.
Ferromagnetism carried by highly delocalized hybrid states in Sc-doped ZnO thin films

We present first-principles results for Sc-doped ZnO thin films. Neighboring Sc atoms in the surface and/or subsurface layers are found to be coupled ferromagnetically, where only two of the possible configurations induce spin polarization. In the first configuration, the polarization is carried by the Sc d states as expected for transition metal doping. However, there is a second configuration which is energetically favorable. It is governed by polarized hybrid states of the Zn s, O p, and Sc d orbitals. Such highly delocalized states can be an important ingredient for understanding the magnetism of doped ZnO thin films.
Physikalisch basierte Mixed-Level Modellierung von gedämpften elektromechanischen Mikrosystemen

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ansatze und Methoden zur Modellierung von gekoppelten Effekten in Mikrosystemen auf Bauelemente- und Systemebene entwickelt. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen stehen hierbei die elektromechanische Kopplung und die Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkung mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der viskosen Dampfung bei dynamisch betriebenen Mikrobauelementen. An typischen Demonstratoren werden Wege aufgezeigt, wie die Komplexitat der Modelle, angepasst an die jeweilige Problemstellung, so reduziert werden kann, da diese gekoppelten Effekte moglichst genau und physikalisch basiert, aber dennoch mit angemessenem Rechenaufwand in die Simulationen einbezogen werden konnen.
Arctic entomology in the 21st century

Abstract Research interest in the Arctic is accelerating because of observed and anticipated dramatic climate change and its impacts on societies and ecosystems. Arthropods form a major part of the terrestrial species diversity in the Arctic, and are particularly sensitive to changes in the abiotic environment. Hence, increased research activity on Arctic arthropods would help towards conservation of Arctic biodiversity as well as in understanding the role of Arctic arthropods in ecosystem functioning. In this introduction to the special issue on Arctic entomology in the 21st century, we identify trophic interactions, biodiversity assessments, and taxonomic revisions as three important research fields in Arctic entomology. We also point to ways in which Arctic entomology could take advantage of recent developments in other research fields and we place the contributions to the special issue in a broader context. Arthropods form ideal model organisms in global change studies and there is a particular need for entomological studies from the dramatically changing Arctic. It is our hope that the papers within this special issue will be a valuable source of inspiration and may stimulate novel insights and achievements in Arctic entomology during the 21st century. Résumé L'intérêt pour la recherche en Arctique s'accélère à cause des changements climatiques dramatiques observés ou anticipés, ainsi que de leurs impacts sur les sociétés et les écosystèmes. Les arthropodes forment la majeure partie de la diversité des espèces terrestres en Arctique, et sont particulièrement sensibles aux changements dans l'environnement abiotique. Ainsi, de plus fortes activités de recherche sur les arthropodes arctiques aideraient une meilleure conservation de la biodiversité arctique ainsi qu'une meilleure compréhension du rôle des arthropodes arctiques dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Dans cette introduction au numéro spécial sur l'entomologie arctique au 21e siècle, nous avons identifié les interactions trophiques, l’évaluation de la biodiversité ainsi que les révisions taxonomiques comment étant trois domaines de recherche importants en entomologie arctique. Nous indiquons également des façons dont l'entomologie arctique pourrait bénéficier de récents développements dans d'autres domaines de recherche et nous plaçons les contributions à ce numéro spécial dans un contexte plus large. Les arthropodes forment des organismes modèles idéaux dans les études sur les changements globaux et il y a un besoin particulier pour des études entomologiques dans un Arctique qui change dramatiquement. Nous espérons que les articles dans ce numéro spécial constitueront une source précieuse d'inspiration et pourront stimuler de nouvelles perspectives et accomplissements dans l'entomologie arctique durant le 21e siècle.
Barreiras para a adoção de sistemas silvipastoris.

A crescente restricao ao uso de ecossistemas inalterados para a implantacao de pastagens e o grande aumento nas areas de pastagens degradadas, em formacoes vegetacionais como florestas e cerrado, por exemplo, tem causado mudancas no uso da terra no Brasil. Assim, maior atencao tem sido dada a busca de estrategias que mantenham a capacidade produtiva do solo, que incorporem as areas ja alteradas (e degradadas) ao processo produtivo e que diminuam desmatamentos (Dias-Filho, 2005). Dentro desse contexto, a implantacao de sistemas silvipastoris (SSP) e constantemente citada como opcao ambientalmente mais aceitavel para o estabelecimento de novas pastagens (Paciullo et aI. 2006; Porfirio-da-Silva, 2006), ou para a recuperacao de pastagens degradadas (Carvalho et aI. 1998; Daniel et aI. 1999; Dias-Filho, 2005; 2006).
Fate of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Natural Waters and Immunotoxicity in Exposed Rainbow Trout

Once released in the environment, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) can undergo important transformation resulting in changed properties under natural conditions. This study investigated the fate, the bioavailability and the immunotoxicity of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in fish exposed to CeO2 in representative surface waters differing in pH, organic matter content and conductivity (green and brown waters). Following an incubation period of NP CeO2 in different surface waters, particle size distribution and shape were determined by ultrafiltration and ICP-mass spectrometry, electronic microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DSL). Bioaccumulation and effect biomarkers focusing on the immune system responses (viability of immune cells and phagocytic activity) were also determined. Particle size distributions significantly changed under all types of surface waters where aggregation of NPs was commonly observed. Indeed, >90% of NPs CeO2 were found as aggregates (>450 nm) and large colloids (>100 nm). Less than 1% cerium (Ce) was found in the truly dissolved fraction (<1 kDa) suggesting no evidence of degradation for NP CeO2 in the water samples after 96 h. The NPs CeO2 were preferably accumulated in fish gills and accumulation was the highest in green waters which contained less total organic carbon (TOC), higher conductivity (218 μS/cm) and higher pH (7.8-8.0) than brown waters. The toxic properties (induced phagocytosis) of NP CeO2 also differed when dispersed in brown, green and tap waters. NPs CeO2 induced fish mortality at initial concentration of 10 μg/L Ce in both tap and green waters but not in brown waters which have different and high organic matter sources, lower pH and conductivity values. In conclusion, NPs CeO2 tends aggregate in representative freshwater, adsorb on gills and the immunotoxic potential is reduced in the presence of high natural organic matter, mildly acidic pH and low conductivity as found in brown waters.
Selbstregulation in Risikolagen: Die Rolle mütterlicher Erziehung

Soziodemographische Risikofaktoren Verhaltensregulation c-Pfad: -. 10* c‘-Pfad: -. 08 Abbildung 1. Mediationsmodell; N=112; unstandardisierte Regressionskoeffizienten kontrolliert für Alter und Geschlecht des Kindes nach PROCESS Bootstrap-Analysen 5000 (Hayes, 2013); *p < 0.05 Welche Rolle spielt mütterliche Erziehung beim Zusammenhang zwischen soziodemographischen Risikofaktoren und kindlicher Verhaltensregulation?
Who Learns from What in Policy Diffusion Processes

The idea that policy makers in different states or countries may learn from one another has fascinated scholars for a long time, but little systematic evidence has been produced so far. This article improves our understanding of this elusive argument by distinguishing between the policy and political consequences of reforms and by emphasizing the conditional nature of learning processes. Using a directed dyadic approach and multilevel methods, the analysis of unemployment benefits retrenchment in OECD countries demonstrates that policy makers learn selectively from the experience of others. Right governments tend to be more sensitive to information on the electoral consequences of reforms, while left governments are more likely to be influenced by their policy effects.
Turbulence, spatial transport, and heating of the solar wind

A phenomenological theory describes radial evolution of plasma turbulence in the solar wind from 1 to 50 astronomical units. The theory includes a simple closure for local anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, spatial transport, and driving by large-scale shear and pickup ions. Results compare well to plasma and magnetic field data from the Voyager 2 spacecraft, providing a basis for a concise, tractable description of turbulent energy transport in a variety of astrophysical plasmas.
Simultaneous estimation of mode choice for commuting trips and preference for vehicle ownership in an urban area: the case of Córdoba city in Argentina

Using a stated preference survey estimations are made for a nested logit model integrating mode choice decisions for commuting trips and the preferences for car and motorcycle buying as a response to changes in transport modes level of services. The estimation results confirm the hypothesis of interdependence between urban travel mode choice for commuting based on transport modes service levels and the car and motorcycle ownership decision. A scenario analysis followed by the calculation of demand elasticities allowed us to determine the sensitivity of transport mode use and private vehicle buying preferences to changes in urban travel conditions. Particularly, there would be significant sensitivity of car buying preferences to parking costs and also worse bus travel times could encourage car and motorcycle buying decisions in the short run aggravating the current traffic congestion conditions at rush hours.