Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression Of Two Resistance Gene Candidates Against Cassava Bacterial Blight In Cassava

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) is the fourth food crop used as an important energy source for human population worldwide. Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB) is the most important disease of this crop. CBB is caused by the pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to detect and respond to infection by pathogens. These mechanisms depend on the presence of resistance (R) genes, which recognize proteins produced by pathogens. Although efforts have been conducted to identify R genes in 176 Artículo Expresión de dos genes candidatos a resistencia a la bacteriosis vascular en yuca. Contreras, López. cassava, the first R gene in this crop has not been cloned. The present work studied the expression profile of two resistance gene candidates (RGCs) which are linked to QTL associated with resistance to CBB. Gene expression of RXam1 and RXam2 was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in stems and leaves of SG107-35 and MBRA685, two cassava resistant cultivars, which were challenged with Xam CIO151. We observed that the expression of RXam1 is induced starting five days post-inoculation in the two cultivars studied and in both tissues while the gene RXam2 was constitutively expressed in MBRA685 cultivar.
Phylogenetic diversity of Gram -positive bacteria and their secondary metabolite genes

To assess the bacterial diversity of marine sediments, a culture-dependent approach was employed to assess the diversity of Gram-positive bacteria in marine sediments collected around the islands of Palau. The survey of the total, aerobic Gram-positive bacterial diversity present in tropical marine sediments resulted in the isolation of a diverse assemblage of Gram-positive isolates. Of the 78 operational taxonomic units cultured (OTUs based on ≥ 98% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity), 52 were determined to be members of the order Actinomycetales and 26 were determined to be members of the order Bacillales. Bacterial genome sequencing has provided opportunities to assess the secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential of individual strains. By elucidating entire biosynthetic pathways in the context of all other genes and pathways present, it is also possible to address questions related to the evolution of gene clusters or individual genes within a cluster. The complete genome sequence of Salinispora arenicola strain CNS-205, an actinomycete isolated during the research expedition to Palau, provided an opportunity to investigate the evolution of type I modular polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters. While a tremendous amount can be learned from analyzing the entire genetic blueprint of a microorganism, additional natural product discovery approaches are necessary to gain insight into the biosynthetic potential of unsequenced organisms prior to fermentation, extraction and chemical analyses. A PCR based approach has been used successfully to suggest which representative isolates from the 52 Actinomycetales OTUs harbor type I PKS, enediyne PKS and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) pathways. Over half of the cultured Actinomycetales OTUs were found to possess genes associated with at least one PKS or NRPS biosynthetic pathway and although some of these actinomycetes represent families well known to produce secondary metabolites, the results suggest that novel secondary metabolites can be isolated from both filamentous and unicellular actinomycete families. In addition to determining if these pathways are present, a phylogenetic approach was used successfully to suggest the number and novelty of type I PKS pathways present. By using the phylogenetic approach, the diversity, novelty and identity of type I PKS metabolites can be predicted.
Origin of the lumbosacral plexus in Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831) (Rodentia, Caviidae)

The yellow-toothed cavy is a rodent belonging to the Caviidae family that inhabits the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. We used 20 cavies that had died of natural causes, obtained from the Reproduction Center of Wild Animals (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA). The animals were ixed in aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde and, after 48 hours, they were dissected to visualize plexus. The topographic relations of the lumbosacral plexus were grouped into tables and then they underwent statistical analysis (chi-square test with Yates’ correction). The lumbosacral plexus stemmed from the ventral roots of the last 3 lumbar nerves and the irst 3 sacral nerves, corresponding to 65% of the animals under study (L L 6 L 7 S 1 S 2 S 3 ). These nerves stemmed from plexus: femoral, obturator, ischiatic, cranial gluteal, caudal gluteal, and pudendal.
Cambios en la anatomía epidérmica foliar de cereales de clima templado en respuesta al frío

Entre las numerosas respuestas morfo-anatomicas inducidas por el frio en gramineas de ciclo otono-invernoprimaveral, los cambios en la anatomia epidermica han recibido muy poca atencion pese a su importancia adaptativa. En este trabajo se estudiaron los cambios inducidos por baja temperatura (5oC, en comparacion con los controles a 25oC) en la anatomia epidermica foliar de trigo, cebada, centeno y avena, incluyendo, para cada especie, un genotipo primaveral y uno invernal, con el proposito de evaluar si la baja temperatura modifica la densidad estomatica, el indice estomatico y variables relacionadas, asi como si existe relacion entre la magnitud de estas respuestas y el caracter invernal o primaveral de los genotipos. Se observo una disminucion generalizada de la densidad estomatica en todos los genotipos a 5°C, en comparacion con los controles a 25°C, mostrando los cultivares de tipo invernal la mayor disminucion. La caida en densidad estomatica estuvo principalmente explicada por un alargamiento de las celulas epidermicas entre estomas, y adicionalmente por una menor proporcion de filas con estomas, lo que a su vez explica la reduccion en el indice estomatico a 5°C, observada en varios casos. La longitud de las celulas estomaticas no fue afectada por la temperatura, difiriendo de reportes previos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la disminucion en densidad estomatica a baja temperatura es una respuesta general en gramineas de ciclo otono-inverno primaveral, que es particularmente notable en los genotipos invernales de cada especie. Se discuten posibles mecanismos involucrados e implicancias ecofisiologicas de estas respuestas.
THE EFFICACY OF INTERMEDIATE AND INTERMEDIATE-PLUS INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VACCINE FOR THE PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE IN BROILERS

Ninety six, fourteen day-old, broiler chickens were randomly divided into four groups of 24 birds. Groups 1 and 2 were orally vaccinated with live commercial intermediate-plus and intermediate infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 served as a positive and negative non-vaccinated controls, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 14, 28 and 38 days of age for determining IBD antibody titers by an ELISA test. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were challenged with an IBD virus, isolated in Thailand, when 28 day of age. Average body weight, FCR, bursa/body weight index and the average bursal lesion score at 28 and 38 days were compared. At 28 days old, the average body weight and bursa/body weight index were not significantly different (p>0.05) compared to chickens in groups 3 and 4. At 38 days the average body weight, FCR and bursa/body weight index of chickens in groups 1 and 2 were better than those of group 3.
Proteasome and Acylpeptide hydrolase system: exploring an alternative strategy in cancer therapy

Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH), one of the four members of the prolyl oligopeptidase class, catalyses the removal of Nacylated amino acids from acetylated peptides and it has been postulated to play a key role in protein degradation machinery. Disruption of protein turnover has been established as an effective strategy to down-regulate the ubiquitinproteasome system (UPS) and as a promising approach in anticancer therapy. Here, we illustrate a new pathway modulating UPS and proteasome activity through inhibition of APEH. To find novel molecules able to down-regulate APEH activity, we screened a set of synthetic peptides, reproducing the reactive-site loop of a known archaeal inhibitor of APEH (SsCEI), and the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. A 12-mer SsCEI peptide and the trans10-cis12 isomer of CLA, were identified as specific APEH inhibitors and their effects on cell-based assays were paralleled by a dose-dependent reduction of proteasome activity. Moreover, cell treatment with the individual compounds increased the cytoplasm levels of several classic hallmarks of proteasome inhibition, such as NFkappaB and misfolded or polyubiquitinylated proteins, without any cytotoxicity. Remarkably, transfection of human bronchial epithelial cells with APEH siRNA, promoted a marked accumulation of a mutant of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), herein used as a model of misfolded protein typically degraded by UPS. Our study supports a previously unrecognized role of APEH as a negative effector of proteasome activity by an unknown mechanism and opens new perspectives for the development of strategies aimed at modulation of cancer progression.
Humanising Your Coursebook: Activities to bring your classroom to life

Now welcome, the most inspiring book today from a very professional writer in the world, humanising your coursebook activities to bring your classroom to life professional perspectives. This is the book that many people in the world waiting for to publish. After the announced of this book, the book lovers are really curious to see how this book is actually. Are you one of them? That's very proper. You may not be regret now to seek for this book to read.
Smooth Emergence from General Anesthesia by Deep Extubation with No Touch Maneuver regarding Coughing in Ophthalmic Surgery

Background: Deep tracheal extubation with no touch maneuver in anesthesiology scene perform by anesthesiologist while patient still anesthetized without stimulation related to tracheal tube oscillation, suctioning, or changing patient position at emergence time from general anesthesia. Aim of the study for applying this technique seeking smooth recovery by avoiding cough incidence in ophthalmic operations.
Réentrainement à l’effort personnalisé chez les patients atteints de tumeurs gliales

Les gliomes sont les tumeurs cerebrales primitives malignes les plus frequentes chez l’adulte. L’activite physique est proposee comme une therapeutique complementaire dans de nombreux cancers en raison de benefices documentes mais ses effets sur les gliomes n’ont pas ete specifiquement etudies. Nous avons donc retrospectivement etudie les raisons qui ont conduit a inclure ou exclure des patients presentant des gliomes de haut et bas grade dans un programme de reentrainement personnalise a l’effort pour en evaluer la faisabilite. L’efficacite potentielle du programme chez les patients en ayant beneficie a ete evaluee en comparant le resultat de deux tests de marche de six minutes un realise avant le programme et un a l’issue du programme. Au total : 28 patients atteints de gliomes de haut grade et de bas grade ont ete adresses au service de Medecine Physique et de Readaptation par le service de neuro-oncologie pour la mise en place du programme. Parmi les 28 patients adresses : 17 ont ete inclus et seuls 2 patients n’ont pas ete exclus en raison d’une degradation clinique liee a leur tumeur. Parmi les 17 patients inclus, 14 ont termine le programme : 7 haut-grades et 7 bas-grades. Parmi les 3 patients n’ayant pas termine le programme : seul un ne l’a pas termine en raison d’une degradation clinique liee a sa tumeur. Les patients ont beneficie en moyenne de 8 seances d’activite physique adaptee. Aucun effet secondaire majeur n’a ete rapporte. L’issue du programme, une augmentation statistiquement significative du nombre de metres realises au test de marche de six minutes a ete constatee passant de 599 a 684 metres (p=0,0007). Dans cette population, ce type de programme apparait faisable et efficace. Toutefois, nos resultats ne peuvent etre appliques a tous les patients atteints de gliomes en raison du bon etat general de notre population et des limites intrinseques du test de marche de 6 minutes. Des etudes complementaires sont necessaires pour evaluer plus precisement les potentiels benefices de ce type de programme.
CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF NUCLEAR‐ENCODED POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES IN THE BREVETOXIN‐PRODUCING DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA BREVIS 1

The dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) Gert Hansen et Moestrup produces a suite of brevetoxins, potent neurotoxins that have adverse effects on marine animal and human health. Brevetoxins are polyketides proposed to be synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs), and genes for type I PKSs have been predicted by PCR and transcript analysis. However, the full‐length transcripts in K. brevis predict an unusual protein structure for type I PKS in that individual transcripts encode for single catalytic domains. In this study, we developed peptide antibodies to in silico translated transcripts for two PKS proteins to characterize their expression and localization. Immunoreactive proteins identified by Western blotting at 40 kDa (KR domain) and 100 kDa (KS domain) are consistent with the sizes predicted by the full‐length transcripts. Immunolocalization and Western blot analysis indicate that these PKSs are associated with the chloroplasts. In order to establish evidence for a role in brevetoxin biosynthesis, PKS transcript and protein levels were examined in a “nontoxic”K. brevis substrain and its parental toxic isolate, K. brevis Wilson. DNA microarray analysis of the global transcript profiles in the “nontoxic” isolate showed that ∼7% of transcripts were differentially expressed, including photosystem genes; however, no difference was observed in PKS transcript abundance. By contrast, KS domain proteins were 55%–70% less abundant in “nontoxic”K. brevis cultures compared to toxic cultures. This finding suggests that K. brevis PKS expression is regulated posttranscriptionally, like many other processes in dinoflagellates. Further, the decrease in PKS protein abundance in the “nontoxic” cultures provides correlative evidence for their involvement in brevetoxin biosynthesis.
Índices de selección y niveles independientes de descarte para dos características productivas y reproductivas en un hato holstein (Bos taurus)

Con la finalidad de evaluar la seleccion mediante indices y niveles independientes de descarte (NID), para las variables produccion de leche ajustada a 305 dias (PL) y periodo abierto (PA), fueron analizados 1708 y 1206 registros para PL y DA, respectivamente. Mediante el programa MTDFREML se estimaron parametros de heredabilidad de 0.23 ± 0.065 y 0.09 ± 0.074, para PL y PA, respectivamente; y repetibilidad de 0.34 ± 0.061 y 0.18 ± 0.054, para PL y PA, respectivamente. Las correlaciones genetica, ambiental, y fenotipica se estimaron entre PL y PA, con valores de 0.15 ± 0.32, 0.42 y 0.34, respectivamente. Para la elaboracion de Indices y NID, y para la estimacion de sus progresos geneticos, fueron analizadas diferentes relaciones entre valores economicos relativos. Los mayores progresos fueron encontrados para unos valores economicos relativos de 1 a 3 (PA:PL). Asi mismo, diferentes intensidades de seleccion fueron evaluadas encontrando para ambos casos que los mayores progresos geneticos fueron obtenidos para la maxima intensidad de seleccion utilizada (fraccion seleccionada del 10%). Ambos metodos de seleccion demostraron la obtencion de progresos geneticos simultaneos para los rasgos en estudio; sin embargo, de acuerdo con la estimacion de una relacion comparativa entre los progresos geneticos, se encontro que mediante el metodo de indices se proyecto un 12.6% mas progreso genetico por generacion respecto del progreso estimado para NID. A pesar de esto y de ser el indice un metodo superior para la eleccion de los mejores animales, este requiere una estimacion precisa de las correlaciones entre las caracteristicas, lo cual no fue del todo factible en el desarrollo de este trabajo, por lo que se sugiere que el uso del NID es mas conveniente para un programa de seleccion de esta naturaleza.
Mikrobiomforskning och sjukdomsassociationer

Människokroppen består förutom av våra egna celler också av en enorm mängd bakterier, arkéer, mikroskopiska eukaryoter och virus, som alla har anpassat sig till att leva i olika delar av kroppen. Moderna metoder som grundar sig på sekvensering av nukleinsyror erbjuder nya och allt bättre sätt att undersöka dessa våra mikroskopiska livspartner mycket detaljerat. Detta öppnar nya perspektiv på sambandet mellan mikrober och sjukdomar: vid sidan av enskilda patogena bakterier kan vi också klarlägga om en obalans i hela mikrofloran kan medverka till uppkomsten av vissa sjukdomar eller rentav vara deras huvudsakliga etiologi. I denna artikel beskriver vi de senaste rönen från forskning som kartlägger mikroberna i olika kroppsdelar, såsom tarmen, huden och munnen, samt deras samband med sjukdomar.
Daily feeding patterns and self‐selection of dietary oil in Nile tilapia

The e⁄ciency of food utilization is high in farmed ¢sh, because feed quality and quantity and the timing of its distribution are optimized to meet the metabolic requirements. Fish feed rhythmically, consuming meals at speci¢c times during the day or night (Madrid, Boujard & SaŁ nchez-VaŁ zquez 2001), although their circadian rhythm is more £exible than higher vertebrates, with interspeci¢c and even intraspeci¢c diierences (Oishi 1991).
Sensory Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution

PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Sensory Ecology, Information, and Decision Making PART 2: SENSORY PROCESSING 2. Sensing the World 3. Encoding Information 4. Sensory Systems: Trade-Offs, Costs, and Sensory Integration PART 3: COMMUNICATION 5. Signalling and Communication 6. Multimodal Signals and Communication 7. Trade-Offs and Costs in Signalling 8. Deception, Mimicry, and Sensory Exploitation PART 4: DIVERSIFICATION AND DIVERGENCE 9. Arms Races, Coevolution, and Diversification 10. Adapting to the Environment 11. Divergence, Sensory Drive, and Speciation PART 5: CONCLUSIONS 12. Concluding Remarks
Dynamics of forest insect populations : patterns, causes, implications

1: The Larch Cone Fly in the French Alps. - 2: The Larch Gall Midge in Seed Orchards of South Siberia. - 3: The Armored Scales of Hemlock. - 4: The Beech Scale. - 5: The Balsam Woolly Adelgid in North America. - 6: The Large Pine Aphid on Scots Pine in Britain. - 7: The White Lace Lerp in Southeastern Australia. - 8: The Nantucket Pine Tip Moth. - 9: The Autumnal Moth in Fennoscandia. - 10: The Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth in the Interior Pacific Northwest. - 11: The Nun Moth in European Spruce Forests. - 12: The Larch Casebearer in the Intermountain Northwest. - 13: The Pine Beauty in Scottish Lodgepole Pine Plantations. - 14: The Teak Defoliator in Kerala, India. - 15: The Pine Looper in Britain and Europe. - 16: The Spruce Budworm in Eastern North America. - 17: The Larch Budmoth in the Alps. - 18: The Gypsy Moth: A Westward Migrant. - 19: The Pine Sawfly in Central France. - 20: Sirex in Australasia. - 21: The Japanese Pine Sawyer. - 22: The Greater European Spruce Beetle. - 23: The Spruce Bark Beetle of Eurasia. - 24: The Mountain Pine Beetle in Western North America. - 25: The Southern Pine Beetle. - 26: The Fir Engraver Beetle in Western States. - 27: The Striped Ambrosia Beetle. - Taxonomic Index.
FISIOLOGÍA POSCOSECHA, COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE FRUTAS DE PEJIBAYE (Bactris gasipaes Kunth ) cv. Tuira DarIén COSECHADAS A TRES DIFERENTES EDADES

Se determinaron variables de calidad poscosecha, composicion quimica y capacidad antioxidante de frutas de pejibaye cv. Tuira-Darien, cosechados con una edad de 97, 106 y 120 dias desde floracion. Con base en su patron respiratorio, el pejibaye pareciera pertenecer al grupo de los frutos no climatericos, con una tasa respiratoria alta (30-45 mg.kg-1.h-1 de CO2 al inicio del almacenamiento; en etapas mas avanzadas del almacenamiento alcanzo 80 mg.kg-1.h-1 de CO2), lo que le confiere una vida util poscosecha corta. En los frutos recien cosechados, los valores de firmeza de la pulpa, el color de la pulpa, el color externo, el contenido de solidos solubles, el contenido de grasa y la capacidad antioxidante se vieron influenciados por la edad de cosecha. No se encontro efecto de la edad de cosecha en el contenido de almidones y carotenoides. Los valores de respiracion, indice de color externo y contenido de solidos solubles aumentaron durante el almacenamiento poscosecha, mientras que la firmeza de la pulpa mostro una disminucion. Se encontraron bajos contenidos de acidez titulable, sin variaciones significativas durante el periodo de almacenamiento. Ademas, mediante el metodo ORAC en base humeda, se determino que el pejibaye tiene una alta capacidad antioxidante (16,18 µmol ET (equivalentes Trolox)/g), superior a la informada para frutas como mango (10,02 µmol ET/g), pina (7,93 µmol ET/g), tomate (4,60 µmol ET/g). Los frutos cosechados con la menor edad (97 dias), presentaron los mayores valores de capacidad antioxidante tanto en la determinacion ORAC en base seca (58,08 µmol ET/g) como en la base humeda (16,18 µmol ET/g).
Prevalence and incidence of dementia and interaction between genetic admixture, apoe genotype, lipids and dementia in an admixed Cuban population

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Effect of lucerne meal on broiler chickens cecum.

The feeding experiment was realized with Cobb 500 type broiler chickens. Animals were divided into two groups with 100 broilers in each group. The first group was fed with the feed mixture containing 4% of lucerne meal additive and the second group was fed without any lucerne meal additive. Our study focused on the effect of lucerne meal on growth rate of broilers as well as on microbiological colonisation of intestine. Saponins and fibre content in feed mixture with 4% lucerne meal additive had statistically non-significant effect on the growth rate of broilers (p>0.05). Microbiology of caecum was monitored within an experiment. Lactobacillus sp. , Enterococcus sp. and Escherichia coli were examined during the experiment realization. The average number of Lactobacillus sp. in broilers caecum ranged from 8.72 to 8.90 log CFU/g, the average number of Enterococcus sp. ranged from 7.76 to 7.68 log CFU/g and E. Coli ranged from 7.49 to 7.42 log CFU/g.