Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A FRAMEWORK OF QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEMS FOR DIABETES CARE USING LATENT SEMANTIC INDEXING WITH TEXT MINING

Currently, question answering systems still have some problems due to the ambiguity of words. Sometimes, the words with the same meaning, but differently writing can bring the wrong answers. Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is one method that many researchers used to solve a problem of synonym since LSI can be applied for finding the latent semantic of the synonym. Moreover, LSI also reduces the document size while their meaning remains. This paper presents a conceptual framework for the development of a question answering system using LSI. Here we applied the question answering system for diabetes care. The framework consists of three main steps, i.e., (1) document pre-processing, which is applied by a technique of text mining, (2) LSI answer scoring, which follows LSI methods by term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting, and (3) question answering matching, which use the similarity measurement. This paper also includes examples of each step. A preliminary experiment shows that the conceptual framework offered can provide the correct answer.
Aging of agricultural labor, agricultural capital investment and land use efficiency: Based on a longitudinal survey of farmers in Shandong, Henan and Anhui

: Under the background of the continuous reduction of cultivated land and the aging problem of the agricultural labor force, improving land use efficiency become great significance for safeguarding agricultural output and national food security in China. However, the impact of the aging problem of the agricultural labor force on land use efficiency has not yet reached a consensus in academia. This article expounds the mechanism between agricultural labor aging, agricultural capital investment, and land use efficiency, and uses the mediation model and panel threshold model to conduct empirical analyses based on a five-year longitudinal study of farmers in the main grain producing provinces of Shandong, Henan, and Anhui. The results show that the aging of agricultural labor not only directly promotes the improvement of land use efficiency, but also indirectly affects land use efficiency through agricultural capital investment. That is, agricultural capital investment has a mediating effect between the aging of agricultural labor and land use efficiency, and this effect accounts for 70.286% of the total effect. At the same time, the promotion effect of agricultural capital investment on improving land use efficiency is affected by the double threshold effect of agricultural labor age. The thresholds are 47 and 70 respectively, and the marginal return of agricultural capital investment shows a “ U ” pattern of change. Therefore, pessimism about the impact of the aging of the agricultural labor force in the short term is unsupported. We should improve the utilization rate of agricultural capital and improve the agricultural social service system. In the long run, we need to improve the rural old-age support system and cultivate new agricultural management entities.
Automatisierte Zuordnung von ICD- und Alpha-ID-Codes zu „Real-World“-Arztbriefdiagnosen durch die „word2vec“-Methode

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Für eine wissenschaftliche Auswertung von Arztbriefen bedarf es aufgrund unterschiedlicher Terminologien und dem häufigen Gebrauch von Synonymen der Transformation in ein normiertes Codesystem wie bspw. ICD-10 oder Alpha-ID. Das sog. „Word Vector Embedding“ erscheint für die Generierung des dafür erforderlichen Thesaurus geeignet, da hierüber – nach geeignetem Training des zugrunde liegenden neuronalen Netzwerkes – synonyme Diagnosen unabhängig von der Schreibweise automatisch identifiziert werden können. Methoden Es wurden alle Arztbriefe von insgesamt 50 000 Patienten anonymisiert extrahiert. Diagnosen, die aus mehreren Wörtern bestehen, wurden mittels Phrasenerkennung in Einzelwörter verschmolzen und das „word2vec“-Modell auf dem Textkorpus von 352 Megabytes trainiert. Insgesamt 3742 Diagnosen bzw. ophthalmologische Interventionen wurden aus den Arztbriefen halbautomatisch extrahiert. Die ophthalmologischen ICD- und Alpha-ID-Codes wurden zusammen mit den offiziellen Beschreibungen von der Website des DIMDI heruntergeladen und die ophthalmologischen Diagnosen/Interventionen aus den Arztbriefen mit den jeweils im „word2vec“-Modell nächstgelegenen ICD- und Alpha-ID-Codes automatisiert verknüpft. Ergebnisse Es wurden von „word2vec“-Modell 90% der Arztbriefdiagnosen den korrekten ICD-10-Codes zugeordnet. Auf Ebene der viel feiner aufgelösten Alpha-ID-Codes betrug die Quote korrekter Zuordnungen nur 76%. Die Interventionen wurden in 92% der korrekten Indikation zugewiesen. Als Fehlerquellen für inkorrekte oder fehlende Zuordnungen wurden seltene Erkrankungen, ungewöhnliche Bezeichnungen und Codedegeneration in der offiziellen DIMDI-Datei identifiziert. Diskussion Aus „Real-World“-Arztbriefen und der offiziellen Alpha-ID-Datei und lässt sich mit der „word2vec“-Methode ein Diagnosenthesaurus generieren. Dieser könnte, eine geringfügige manuelle Überarbeitung vorausgesetzt, zukünftig für eine automatische Extraktion von Diagnosen aus Arztbriefen verwendet werden.
“ME SINTO COMO CEGO EM TIROTEIO”: AS TENSÕES VIVENCIADAS PELOS GRADUANDOS NO QUE TANGE AOS USOS DA LINGUAGEM NA ESFERA ACADÊMICA:

RESUMO: Ao ingressarem na esfera academica, os estudantes se veem implicados em distintas convencoes de escrita e leitura, as quais, somadas as carencias oriundas da educacao basica, acarretam inumeros desafios para sua insercao efetiva nesse contexto. Tendo em vista a relevância do desenvolvimento do letramento academico e seu potencial de empoderamento, neste estudo buscamos identificar os principais desafios vivenciados pelos graduandos no que diz respeito aos usos da linguagem na esfera academica e analisar alguns expedientes pedagogicos utilizados pelas docentes. Os pressupostos teoricos que fundamentam esta pesquisa provem dos Novos Estudos do Letramento e do Letramento Academico. Para geracao de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas e observacao de aulas, no contexto de uma disciplina destinada a orientacao da leitura e da escrita academica, envolvendo estudantes de variados cursos e periodos. No conjunto analisado, foi possivel perceber que os desafios vivenciados compreendem regras de operacoes gramaticais e estruturais basicas ate o desconhecimento das convencoes que regem a escrita dos generos que circulam na esfera academica. Como decorrencia desse quadro, apontamos a necessidade de promover acoes efetivas de letramento academico a fim de auxiliar na insercao dos alunos na esfera academica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Letramentos Academicos; Escrita; Leitura; Ensino Superior. ABSTRACT: When they enter the academic environment, the students get aware that they are involved in different writing and reading codes, which, including the deficiencies from elementary education, lead to various challenges for their insertion in that context. Taking into account the relevance of the development of academic literacy and its potential of empowering individuals, in this study we aimed to identify the main challenges experienced by undergraduate students regarding the usage of language in the academic environment, considering the activities developed by the teachers. The theoretical assumptions that base this study come from the New Literacy Studies and Academic Literacy. In order to produce data, it has been carried out interviews and classroom observation in the context of a subject dedicated to guidance of academic reading and writing, encompassing students from different courses and terms. From the analyzed group of individuals, it was possible to realize that the faced challenges involve rules of grammatical usage and basic structures. As a result of that scenario, we highlight the need of promoting effective measures of academic literacy to help the insertion of the students in the academic environment. KEYWORDS: Academic Literacies; Writing; Reading; Higher Education.
Neotypification of Pleurocapsa fuliginosa and epitypification of P. minor (Pleurocapsales): resolving a polyphyletic cyanobacterial genus

Strains with complete morphological match to Pleurocapsa fuliginosa and P. minor were isolated from Oahu, with another strain matching P. minor isolated from a wet rock face in Utah. Phylogenetically these baeocyte and pseudofilament producing strains fell in a single well-supported clade among a number of pleurocapsalean strains. They were sister to a clade of baeocyte-producing strains that lack the ability to form psuedofilaments and likely belong in an as-yet-to-be-described genus. Strains putatively named Pleurocapsa are scattered throughout the Pleurocapsales and Chroococcales, indicating a need for clear definition of the genus so that revisionary work and alpha-level taxonomy can move forward. To satisfy this need, P. fuliginosa HA4302-MV1 and P. minor HA4230-MV1 were chosen as neotype and epitype, respectively, establishing the genus based on molecular sequence data. In addition to the distinctive morphology of the genus, all Pleurocapsa species for which 16S-23S ITS regions are available have an unusually long, branched D5 helix at the termination of the ITS region. The sister clade of strains that lack the ability to form pseudofilaments also possess an unusually long and branched D5 helix as well, suggesting that this feature of the ITS region may be a family-level synapomorphy.
Caractérisation de revêtements de silicate de lanthane de structure apatite dopé au magnésium réalisés par projection plasma en vue d'application comme électrolyte de pile à combustible de type IT-SOFC

La pile a combustible a oxyde solide qui permet de transformer l'energie chimique en energie electrique, est l'une des solutions envisagees pour resoudre la crise energetique grâce a son rendement global eleve et son fonctionnement sans aucun rejet dans l'environnement. Ces dernieres annees, des apatites dont la formule est La9,33+x(SiO4)6O2+3x /2 ont ete developpees en tant qu'electrolyte pour la pile de type SOFC fonctionnant a temperature intermediaire. Il est possible d'ameliorer les proprietes electriques des apatites par le dopage en site de Si4+. Parmi ces materiaux, le materiau La10Si5,8Mg0,2O26,8 presente une bonne propriete electrique. Les objectifs de cette etude sont d'etudier les processus de synthese du materiau La10Si5,8Mg0,2O26,8 , d'utiliser ce materiau synthetise pour elaborer par projection plasma l'electrolyte de la pile a combustible et enfin de rechercher les procedes les mieux adaptes pour preparer des cellules completes de pile combustible de type SOFC comprenant cet electrolyte. Le materiau La10Si5.8Mg0. 2O26.8 a ete synthetise a partir des poudres d'oxydes (La2O3, SiO2 et MgO) par voie solide et a ete utilise ensuite en tant que precurseur pour la projection thermique. Les parametres de frittage ont ete optimises et une gamme de procedures a ete etablie pour elaborer ce materiau. La realisation du depot par differents procedes de projection plasma (APS, LPPS et VLPPS) a ete etudie afin les optimiser pour elaborer cet electrolyte. La recristallisation du depot apres projection a ete etudiee et un processus de traitement thermique est propose pour obtenir des depots cristallises et denses. Des cellules completes de structure planaire avec l'electrolyte La10Si5,8Mg0,2O26,8 supporte par le cermet de Ni/Al2O3 ont ete finalement elaborees par projection thermique. Les performances electriques des cellules ont ete mesurees a temperature variant de 600°C a 900°C.
Rupture et fusion d'un cristal bidimensionnel

Le systeme bidimensionnel etudie dans cette these est un film de Langmuir, film constitue d'une unique couche de molecules amphiphiles a l'interface eau-air. Une transition du premier ordre, observee dans une monocouche d'acide NBD-stearique revele la coexistence entre une phase cristalline et une phase liquide. Les domaines monocristallins se presentent sous la forme de longs bâtonnets, parfaitement adaptes aux etudes mecaniques. Nous etudions certaines proprietes de ce cristal bidimensionnel. La premiere etude concerne la rupture de ce solide bidimensionnel. Un cristal maintenu flechi dans le plan de l'eau se rompt apres une duree bien determinee. Cette duree s'est averee etre fonction de la deformation appliquee au cristal. A fortescontraintes, on second mode de rupture coexiste : un certains nombre de cristaux cassent intantanement tandis que d'autres presentent une rupture differee. La seconde etude s'interesse a la fusion des cristaux en equilibre avec leur phase liquide. La fusion peut etre provoquee par trois processus distincts : deux processus thermodynamiques (rechauffement et decompression) et un processus photochimique. Ce dernier s'est avere du a une reaction photochimique reversible avec l'oxygene de l'air, conduisant a l'abaissement du point de fusion du cristal. Les trois processus de fusion conduisent a des observations similaires, indiquant ainsi l'existence d'un mecanisme commun dans l'initiation de la fusion. Les observation montrent que l'interieur du crystal fond bien avant ses bords. De plus, la fusion d'un cristal maintenu deforme a lieu le long d'une ligne ou la contrainte s'annule. Nous suggerons que le mecanisme responsable de ce phenomene est la migration de defauts, probablement des dislocations, a l'endoit du cristal non deforme. ; Ces defauts jouant le role de centres de nucleation de la fusion. Ces resultats montrent le role primordial des defauts dans la fusion a deux dimension.
The Regulation of Sodium and Chloride Balance

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Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): An Emerging Pest of Garlic in Storage

Ephestia cautella (Walker) was recorded as new pest of garlic in storage. At first, pest infestation was noticed during August month in 30 days old harvested seed bulbs stored for next season. Pest activity observed throughout August-September month. The sampling for infestation at fortnight interval revealed that, maximum infestation up to 14 larvae in a sample was recorded at 45 days after storage (DAS). Presence of adult activity, webbed galleries and fecal matter in the stored bulbs were the mark of infestation. All the stages of the life cycle of the insects were observed on garlic. The total life cycle of moth last about 32.99 days while reared on garlic. The information on pest description, damage symptom and biology documented with this study would be helpful in early detection and monitoring of this pest on garlic at storage and future research to managing this emerging pest. This is a new record of E. cautella from Maharashtra.
Utilising the solvation properties of ionic liquids in the size-controlled synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles for catalysis in situ

Imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) consist of a continuous 3-D network of ionic channels, coexisting with non polar domains created by the grouping of lipophilic alkyl chains, forming dispersed or continuous microphases. The aim of this work is to use the specific solvation properties of ILs, related to this 3-D organisation, to generate and stabilise in situ metal nanoparticles (NPs) of a controlled and predictable size. This approach has found application in fields such as catalysis and microelectronics. The phenomenon of crystal growth of NPs (ruthenium, nickel, tantalum) generated in situ in ILs from the decomposition of organometallic complexes under molecular hydrogen, is found not only to be controlled by i) the size of non-polar domains, in which the complexes dissolve, but also by ii) the experimental conditions (temperature, stirring) and iii) the nature of the metal and its precursor complex. The previously unexplained stabilisation mechanism of NPs in ILs is found to depend on the mechanism of formation of NPs, which may lead to the presence of either hydrides or N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) at their surface. These have both been evidenced through isotopic labelling experiments analysed by NMR and mass spectrometry. Another advantage of ILs is that they provide an interesting medium for catalytic reactions. Studies on the influence of the IL on the catalytic performance in homogeneous catalysis have highlighted the crucial importance of the physical-chemical parameters of ILs, in particular the viscosity, for which a term must be included in the kinetic rate law. Using these findings, a thorough investigation of the effect of the NP size on catalytic activity and selectivity in hydrogenation in ILs was undertaken, confirming the importance of controlling NP size for catalytic applications.
The Encyclopedia of Commodity and Financial Spreads

Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. Energy. Chapter 3. Grains. Chapter 4. Soybean Complex. Chapter 5. Soybeans vs Grains. Chapter 6. Meats. Chapter 7. Metals. Chapter 8. Softs. Chapter 9. Forex. Chapter 10. Interest Rates. Chapter 11. Chronological Summary.
Mechanism of allosteric activation of human mRNA cap methyltransferase (RNMT) by RAM: insights from accelerated molecular dynamics simulations

The RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) in complex with RNMT-Activating Miniprotein (RAM) catalyses the formation of a N7-methylated guanosine cap structure on the 5’ end of nascent RNA polymerase II transcripts. The mRNA cap protects the transcript from exonucleases and recruits cap-binding complexes that mediate RNA processing, export and translation. By using microsecond standard and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations, we provide for the first time a detailed molecular mechanism of allosteric regulation of RNMT by RAM. We show that RAM selects the RNMT active site conformations that are optimal for binding of substrates (AdoMet and the cap), thus enhancing their affinity. Furthermore, our results strongly suggest the likely scenario in which the cap binding promotes the subsequent AdoMet binding, consistent with the previously suggested cooperative binding model. By employing the dynamic network and community analyses, we revealed the underlying long-range allosteric networks and paths that are crucial for allosteric regulation by RAM. Our findings complement and explain previous experimental data on RNMT activity. Moreover, this study provides the most complete description of the cap and AdoMet binding poses and interactions within the enzyme’s active site. This information is critical for the drug discovery efforts that consider RNMT as a promising anti-cancer target.
The Tangent copy-number inference pipeline for cancer genome analyses

Motivation Somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) play an important role in cancer development. Systematic noise in sequencing and array data present a significant challenge to the inference of SCNAs for cancer genome analyses. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Broad Institute Genome Characterization Center developed the Tangent copy-number inference pipeline to generate copy-number profiles using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from over 10,000 pairs of tumors and matched normal samples. Here, we describe the Tangent pipeline, which begins with DNA sequencing data in the form of . bam files or raw SNP array probe-level intensity data, and ends with segmented copy-number calls to facilitate the identification of novel genes potentially targeted by SCNAs. We also describe a modification of Tangent, Pseudo-Tangent, which enables denoising through comparisons between tumor profiles when few normal samples are available. Results Tangent Normalization offers substantial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements compared to conventional normalization methods in both SNP array and WES analyses. The improvement in SNRs is achieved primarily through noise reduction with minimal effect on signal. Pseudo-Tangent also reduces noise when few normal samples are available. Tangent and Pseudo-Tangent are broadly applicable and enable more accurate inference of SCNAs from DNA sequencing and array data. Availability and Implementation Tangent is available at https://github.com/coyin/tangent and as a Docker image (https://hub.docker.com/r/coyin/tangent). Tangent is also the normalization method for the Copy Number pipeline in Genome Analysis Toolkit 4 (GATK4). Contact matthew_meyerson@dfci.harvard. edu, rameen@broadinstitute.org, gadgetz@broadinstitute.org
Effects of DNA Methyltransferase- and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on ALK Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Epigenetische Modifikationen sind vererbbar und konnen Genexpressionmuster bei verschiedenen Krebszelllinien verandern. Diese Veranderungen beinhalten Prozesse wie DNA Methylierung, Histonmodifikationen oder RNA-abhangige Mechanismen. Die Behandlung von solchen reversiblen Modifikationen konnte eine effektive Therapie in malignen Tumoren darstellen. Das Groszellige-anaplastische Lymphom (ALCL) zahlt zu den nicht Hodgkin T–Zell Lymphomen. Die chromosomale Translokation (t 2;5) generiert das onkogene Fusionsprotein NPM-ALK und ist in 80% aller ALCL-betroffenen Personen vorhanden. Dieses Fusionsprotein kontrolliert verschiedene Signaltransduktionswege wie JAK/STAT, PI3K und MAPK und spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Kontrolle von Zellproliferation und Uberleben. Die Entwicklung neuer, zukunftiger Therapien fur die Behandlung von ALCL und die Forschung im Bereich der epigenetischen Arzneimittel waren die Ziele unserer Arbeit. Im Zuge unserer Forschung testeten wir die zwei erfolgversprechenden Arzneimittel, 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza), ein DNA-Methyltransferase Inhibitor, und MS-275, ein Histondeactetylase Inhibitor, sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo. Die Behandlung mit Aza fuhrte in allen drei getesteten ALCL Zelllinien zu verminderter Zellzahl, erhohter Apoptose und verminderter Methylierung von Tumorsuppressorgenen. In vivo wurde ein Xenograft Experiment durchgefuhrt wobei NOD/SCID Mause und die ALK positive Zelllinie Karpas-299 verwendet wurden. Nach der Behandlung konnten wir eine deutliche Verminderung der Tumorgrose feststellen, in einigen Fallen waren die Mause sogar tumorfrei. Das Tumorgewebe aus den behandelten Mausen war stark apoptotisch und die Zellproliferation war vermindert. Ebenso beobachteten wir einen allgemeinen Ruckgang der DNA-Methylierung, sowie ein verringertes Proteinlevel von DNMT1 in den behandelten Mausen. Die in vitro Behandlung mit MS-275 von ALCL Zelllinien fuhrte zu reduzierter Zellzahl und vermindertem Zelluberleben. Die ALK positiven Zelllinien zeigten niedrigere NPM-ALK Proteinexpression nach viertagiger Behandlung mit MS-275. In vivo konnte allerdings nur eine leichte Reduktion der Tumorgrose, aber keine Reduktion von Tumorgewicht, beobachtet werden, obwohl die Acetylierung in Tumoren nach Behandlung mit MS-275 etwas erhoht war. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Aza ein vielversprechendes Therapeutikum in ALK positiven ALCL darstellt, wahrend MS-275 nur einen Effekt in vitro, aber nicht im Xenograft Modell zeigte. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass Medikamente, die eine Rolle bei der Regulierung von epigenetischen Enzymen haben, moglicherweise als zukunftige Behandlungsmethode in Betracht gezogen werden konnen.
Light Propagation Through Biological Tissue and Other Diffusive Media: Theory, Solutions, and Software

Acknowledgements Preface List of Acronyms List of Symbols 1. Introduction Part I: Theory 2. Scattering and Absorption Properties of Diffusive Media 2.1 Approach Followed in this Book 2.2 Optical Properties of a Turbid Medium 2.2.1 Absorption properties 2.2.2 Scattering properties 2.3 Statistical Meaning of the Optical Properties 2.4 Similarity Relation and Reduced Scattering Coefficient 2.5 Examples of Diffusive Media.