Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 3.8 mW/Gbps Quad-Channel 8.5–13 Gbps Serial Link With a 5 Tap DFE and a 4 Tap Transmit FFE in 28 nm CMOS

This paper presents a quad-lane serial transceiver that supports virtually all data center communication standards around 8.5-13 Gbps, implemented in 28 nm CMOS technology. The transmitter consists of 20:2 mux followed by a half-rate source-series terminated (SST) driver embedded with a 4 tap FFE and an analog equalizer. The receiver has an adaptive CTLE, 5 tap DFE, and fully digital CDR followed by 2:20 demux. At 13 Gbps, the transceiver can equalize 35 dB Nyquist loss at BER of 10-12. At 1.0 V supply, the transceiver consumes 49 mW/lane at 13 Gbps rate with full equalization capability. An LC VCO-based fractional PLL provides the clocking to quad TX/RX lanes using a low-power inductively tuned clock routing channel. The transceiver architecture not only enables the baud rate operation from 8.5 to 13 Gbps but also supports a wide range of oversampled subrates. This work represents the lowest reported power in its class to date, and the transceiver is suitable for many applications due to its comprehensive flexibility and power efficiency.
Effect of varying hamstring tension on anterior cruciate ligament strain during in vitro impulsive knee flexion and compression loading.

BACKGROUND The hamstring muscles are well positioned to limit both anterior tibial translation and anterior cruciate ligament strain during the knee flexion phase of a jump landing. We hypothesized that systematically increasing or decreasing hamstring tension during the knee flexion phase of a simulated jump landing would significantly affect peak relative strain in the anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS Ten cadaveric knees from four male and six female donors (mean age [and standard deviation] at the time of death, 60.3 +/- 23.6 years) were mounted in a custom fixture to initially position the specimen in 25 degrees of knee flexion and simulate axial impulsive loading averaging 1700 N to cause an increase in knee flexion. Quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscle forces were simulated with use of pretensioned linear springs, with the tension in the hamstrings arranged to be increased, held constant, decreased, at "baseline," or absent during knee flexion. Impulsive loading applied along the tibia and femur was monitored with use of triaxial load transducers, while uniaxial load cells monitored quadriceps and medial and lateral hamstring forces. Relative strain in the anterior cruciate ligament was measured with use of a differential variable reluctance transducer, and tibiofemoral kinematics were measured optoelectronically. For each specimen, anterior cruciate ligament strains were recorded over eighty impact trials: ten preconditioning trials, ten "baseline" trials involving decreasing hamstring tension performed before and after three sets of ten trials conducted with increasing hamstring tension, constant hamstring tension, or no hamstring tension. Peak relative strains in the anterior cruciate ligament were normalized for comparison across specimens. RESULTS Increasing hamstring force during the knee flexion landing phase decreased the peak relative strain in the anterior cruciate ligament by >70% compared with the baseline condition (p = 0.005). Neither a constant hamstring muscle force nor the absence of a hamstring force significantly changed the peak strain in the anterior cruciate ligament relative to the baseline condition. CONCLUSIONS Increasing hamstring muscle force during the knee flexion phase of a simulated jump landing significantly reduces the peak relative strain in the anterior cruciate ligament in vitro.
The impact of instilled carbide nanoparticles on rat lungs: an in vivo perspective on acute intratracheal instillation

In order to study a scenario of acute high concentration exposure via the pulmonary pathway of silicon carbide and titanium carbide nanoparticles, female Wistar rats were administered by intratracheal instillation doses of 0.5 and 5 mg/rat of each nanomaterial. Inflammatory parameters were studied: protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase activity, total cell count and differentiated cell count (macrophages, neutrophils, oesonophils, lymphocytes). The genotoxicity potential was assessed by the formation of micronuclei from pneumocytes type II. It was found that silicon carbide nanoparticles induce an inflammatory response and a dose dependent genotoxicity, although the genotoxicity levels are comparably lower to the inflammatory response.
Enfuvirtide: the first HIV fusion inhibitor

Highly active antiretroviral therapy, a combination of antiretrovirals to treat HIV-infected individuals, may fail for a number of reasons, including the selection of genetic mutations which confer resistance to the antiretroviral drugs, and poor adherence or treatment discontinuation resulting from drug toxicity. Treatment-experienced patients, who have failed therapy owing to the emergence of drug-resistant virus, have a significant unmet medical need. Enfuvirtide (T-20), the first of a new class of antiretroviral agents known as HIV fusion inhibitors, has a unique mechanism of action involving disruption of HIV entry at the stage of membrane fusion. The potent antiviral activity and favourable safety and tolerability profile of enfuvirtide has been demonstrated in combination with other agents. Its novel mechanism of action offers a low potential for cross-resistance with conventional classes of antiretrovirals, and its extracellular distribution means that drug interactions and intracellular metabolic disturbances are unlikely. Targeting viral fusion or entry will hopefully provide respite for patients who have limited treatment options following the emergence of multi-drug resistance.
Experience-Consistent Modeling for Radial Basis Function Neural Networks

We develop a new approach to the design of neural networks, which utilizes a collaborative framework of knowledge-driven experience. In contrast to the "standard" way of developing neural networks, which explicitly exploits experimental data, this approach incorporates a mechanism of knowledge-driven experience. The essence of the proposed scheme of learning is to take advantage of the parameters (connections) of neural networks built in the past for the same phenomenon (which might also exhibit some variability over time or space) for which are interested to construct the network on a basis of currently available data. We establish a conceptual and algorithmic framework to reconcile these two essential sources of information (data and knowledge) in the process of the development of the network. To make a presentation more focused and come up with a detailed quantification of the resulting architecture, we concentrate on the experience-based design of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). We introduce several performance indexes to quantify an effect of utilization of the knowledge residing within the connections of the networks and establish an optimal level of their use. Experimental results are presented for low-dimensional synthetic data and selected datasets available at the Machine Learning Repository.
Lipopolysaccharides in liver injury : molecular mechanisms of Kupffer cell activation

Su, Grace L. Lipopolysaccharides in liver injury: molecular mechanisms of Kupffer cell activation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283: G256–G265, 2002; 10.1152/ajpgi.00550. 2001. —Endogenous gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been implicated as important cofactors in the pathogenesis of liver injury. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharides exert their effect are not entirely clear. Recent studies have pointed to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factoras mediators of hepatocyte injury. Within the liver, Kupffer cells are major sources of proinflammatory cytokines that are produced in response to lipopolysaccharides. This review will focus on three important molecular components of the pathway by which lipopolysaccharides activate Kupffer cells: CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Within the liver, lipopolysaccharides bind to lipopolysaccharide binding protein, which then facilitates its transfer to membrane CD14 on the surface of Kupffer cells. Signaling of lipopolysaccharide through CD14 is mediated by the downstream receptor Toll-like receptor 4 and results in activation of Kupffer cells. The role played by these molecules in liver injury will be examined.
Quantifying the tissue shrinkage caused by sample preparation for micro-CT and LSFM

Aims Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) are often used tomographic methods for imaging macroscopic samples with histological detail. It is even possible to image multiple tissue types simultaneously (e.g. bone, muscle, nerve and fat tissue). However, micro-CT requires staining with heavy elements (and thus fixation and sometimes dehydration) to distinguish soft tissue. LSFM also involves fixation, dehydration and staining, and additionally requires decalcification and clearing. In both preparation methods, the sample is prone to shrinkage, which is often not mentioned, let alone quantified. Therefore, our aim is to quantify and compare tissue shrinkage of 3 micro-CT stains (PTA, IKI and I2E) and the LSFM preparation in bone, muscle and brain tissue.
Prevalence of macular anatomic abnormalities in high myopia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Macular anatomic abnormalities in high myopia are more frequent in the presence of posterior staphyloma. The objective was to determine the prevalence of foveoschisis, foveal detachment, vascular traction, epiretinal membrane (ERM), and macular hole (MH) in eyes with high myopia by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective, observational study. Eyes with myopia greater than 8 diopters (D) were included. Results were analyzed using chi-square and Student's t tests. RESULTS The study included 116 eyes of 72 patients. Mean spherical equivalent: -15.04 ± 5.33 D. Mean axial length: 28.88 ± 2.31 mm. Foveoschisis was observed in 17 eyes (14.65%), vascular traction in 17 (14.65%), ERM in 13 (11.2%), lamellar MH in two (1.72%), and posterior staphyloma in 41 (35.34%). Presence of foveoschisis, vascular traction, and ERM was more frequent in eyes with posterior staphyloma (P = .0001). CONCLUSION Macular anatomic abnormalities were observed in 22.41% of eyes with high myopia and in 53.65% of eyes with posterior staphyloma.
Growth Hormone Secretion after Baclofen Administration in Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of baclofen administration on growth hormone (GH) secretion during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Methods: Twelve healthy women (33.6 ± (SD) 2.8 years; range 23–40 years) with regular menstrual cycles were enrolled. The phases of the menstrual cycle were determined using transvaginal ultrasonography (TV-US) and detecting hormonal serum levels. Plasma GH levels were evaluated during the early follicular, periovulatory and luteal phases of the cycle before and after the baclofen challenge test. Results: After acute baclofen administration, GH levels increased significantly (p < 0.001) compared to basal values during the periovulatory and luteal phases, while no significant variation was detected during the early follicular phase. In addition, plasma GH levels resulted significantly (p < 0.001) higher during the luteal phase than during the periovulatory phase. Conclusion: Acute baclofen administration induces a significant increase in plasma GH levels in healthy females during the periovulatory and luteal phases, but not during the early follicular phase. These data suggest a modulator role of plasma sex steroids levels on GH release induced by baclofen.
Outbreak of Central Nervous System Disease Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Japan during the Summer of 2000: Detection and Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus 71

Few outbreaks of the serious enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections, which affect the central nervous system (CNS), had been reported in Japan before 2000. During June through August 2000, a patient died of pulmonary edema caused by brainstem encephalitis accompanied by EV71‐induced hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and many patients complicated by serious CNS disease, including paralysis, were hospitalized in a restricted area in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan (K‐area). During the same period, endemics of HFMD were reported in other areas in Hyogo Prefecture, where EV71 was isolated from HFMD patients, but few patients developed aseptic meningitis. The isolations of EV71 from K‐area patients were difficult with the use of Vero cells, so the strains were isolated by use of GL37 cells; Vero cells, however, could isolate EV71 strains from other areas in Hyogo Prefecture. We sequenced VP4 coding regions of these EV71 isolates and found that the isolates from K‐area had the same sequence, which, except for one isolate, was different from the sequences of EV71 strains isolated from other areas of Hyogo Prefecture. Although these results were not enough to state that EV71 from K‐area was a virulent strain, it seemed reasonable to conclude that serious CNS diseases in K‐area were caused by EV71 because it was the only infectious agent detected in the inpatients of K‐area.
Facial cutaneous ulcers following mesotherapy.

A 26-year-old Saudi female presented with skin eruption on the left cheek for 2 weeks. The eruption appeared 2 weeks following mesotherapy injections in the same sites. Although the patient was unable to report the exact content of the injectable used, she was told that the injections were done to ‘‘whiten and smooth’’ the skin and were given only to the left side of the face. On examination, there were multiple mildly tender 0.5-cm ulcerated nodules with erythematous edges on the left cheek. No collection or discharge could be expressed. Cultures obtained by the treating physician outside were reportedly negative. The patient was started on 100 mg of doxycycline per day in addition to 2% fucidic acid plus 1% hydrocortisone acetate combination cream (Fucidin-H, Leo Pharma Inc., Ballerup, Denmark) to be applied twice daily to ulcers. On 1-week follow-up appointment, all ulcers were healed with erythematous hypertrophic scars. Our effort to find out the ingredient(s) of the injected material from the treating physician was futile. The patient was told it contains ‘‘vitamins’’ (Figure 1). Discussion
Affordable diagnostics—Changing the paradigm in India

A successful strategy for developing affordable diagnostics begins with a shift in viewpoint. Diagnostics is a tool for generating clinical information. Amassed experience in different parts of the globe has shown that this process of generating and utilizing clinical information is not only different among various countries but also different in microenvironments within the same country. The development of affordable diagnostics requires consideration not only of the component costs such as hardware and consumables but also other related costs that contribute to the generation and delivery of that information. It is important to recognize that these costs associated with public health in resource‐poor settings cannot remain at the mercy of charitable contributions from western nations. Therefore, the challenge of technological innovation is to create solutions that are locally affordable and sustainable in the long run within the local macroeconomic constraints. The solutions should permit generation of local economic activity that will reinforce long‐term economic sustainability. For this reason it is essential not only to analyze the diagnostic process but also to define a pathway by which local healthcare systems in recipient nations can be endowed with elements that empower them to acquire and practice up‐to‐date modern diagnostic skills. The objective of this paper is to provide a wider view of diagnostic cost components and to show how solutions developed and delivered locally have resulted in economically affordable as well as sustainable products. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
Evaluation of some chemical parameters of powder milk available in Mymensingh town

The study was undertaken to evaluate some chemical parameters of powder milk available in Mymensingh town. Powder milk samples of six different brands namely Kwality, NIDO, Diploma, Anchor, Farmland & Starship were collected from local market. Powder samples were analyzed to know the chemical (PH , acidity, fat, protein, lactose, ash, moisture, solids-not-fat, total solids) characteristics. PH , acidity of all samples was almost similar to the cow milk when the dried milk was reconstituted. PH ranged from 6.6-6.8, acidity from 0.10-0.15, fat from 26.198-27.89 g/100 g, protein from 25.22-27.01 g/100g, lactose from 36.63-37.65 g/100g, ash from 5.34-5.48 g/100g, moisture from 3.36- 4.48 g/100g, solids-not-fat from 67.99-70.07 g/100g, total solids from 95.51-96.63 g/100g, among the brands of powder milk. Statistical analysis showed significant variation for (PH and acidity) among different powder milk brands. chemical parameters in all brands of milk powder was found as per recommended standard.
Cardiac shock wave therapy ameliorates left ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in pigs in vivo

ObjectivesLeft ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with a poor prognosis and an impaired quality of life. We have shown earlier that low-energy extracorporeal cardiac shock wave (SW) therapy improves chronic myocardial ischemia in pigs and humans and also ameliorates LV remodeling in a pig model of AMI induced by permanent coronary ligation. However, in the current clinical setting, most of the patients with AMI receive reperfusion therapy. Thus, in this study we examined whether our SW therapy also ameliorates LV remodeling after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in pigs in vivo. MethodsPigs were subjected to a 90-min ischemia and reperfusion using a balloon catheter and were randomly assigned to two groups with or without SW therapy to the ischemic border zone (0.09 mJ/mm2, 200 pulses/spot, 9 spots/animal, three times in the first week) (n=15 each). ResultsFour weeks after I/R, compared with the control group, the SW group showed significantly ameliorated LV remodeling in terms of LV enlargement (131±9 vs. 100±7 ml), reduced LV ejection fraction (28±2 vs. 36±3%), and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (11±2 vs. 4±1 mmHg) (all P<0.05, n=8 each). The SW group also showed significantly increased regional myocardial blood flow (−0.06±0.11 vs. 0.36±0.13 ml/min/g, P<0.05), capillary density (1.233±31 vs. 1.560±60/mm2, P<0.001), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity (0.24±0.03 vs. 0.41±0.05, P<0.05) in the ischemic border zone compared with the control group (n=7 each). ConclusionThese results indicate that our SW therapy is also effective in ameliorating LV remodeling after myocardial I/R injury in pigs in vivo.
Catching failures of failures at big-data clusters: A two-level neural network approach

Big-data applications are becoming the core of today's business operations, featuring complex data structures and high task fan-out. According to the publicly available Google trace, more than 40% of big-data jobs do not reach successful completion. Interestingly, a significant portion of tasks of such failed jobs undergo multiple types of repetitive failed executions and consume a non-negligible amount of resources. To conserve resources for big-data clusters, it is imperative to capture such failed tasks of failed jobs, a very challenging problem due to multiple types of failures associated with tasks and highly uneven tasks distribution. In this paper, we develop an on-line two-level Neural Network (NN) model which can accurately untangle the complex dependencies among tasks and jobs, and predict their execution classes in an extremely dynamic and heterogeneous system. Our proposed NN model predicts first the job class, and secondly three classes of failed tasks of failed jobs, based on a sliding learning window. Furthermore, we develop resource conservation policies that terminate failed tasks of failed jobs after a grace period that is derived from prediction confidences and task execution times. Overall, evaluating our results on a Google cluster trace, we are able to accurately capture failures of failures at big-data clusters, mitigate false negative tasks to 1%, and efficiently save system resources, achieving significant reductions of CPU, memory and disk consumption - as high as 49%.
Short-Term Hyperthyroidism Followed by Transient Pituitary Hypothyroidism in a Very Low Birth Weight Infant Born to a Mother With Uncontrolled Graves' Disease

Transient hypothyroxinemia in infants born to mothers with poorly controlled Graves' disease was first reported in 1988. We report that short-term hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism with low basal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels developed in a very low birth weight infant born at 27 weeks of gestation to a noncompliant mother with thyrotoxicosis attributable to Graves' disease. We performed serial thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) tests in this infant and demonstrated that TSH unresponsiveness to TRH disappeared at 6.5 months of age. The maternal thyroid function was free triiodothyronine (FT3), 21.1 pg/mL; free thyroxine (FT4), 8.1 ng/dL; TSH, <0.03 μU/mL; thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody, 52% (normal: <15%); thyroid-stimulating antibody, 294% (normal: <180%); and thyroid-stimulation blocking antibody, 9% (normal: <25%) on the day of delivery. A nonstress test revealed fetal tachycardia >200 beats per minute, and a male infant weighing 1152 g was born by emergency cesarean section. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody was 16% and thyroid-stimulating antibody was 370% in the cord blood. We administered 10 mg/kg per day of oral propylthiouracil from day 1. Tachycardia along with elevated FT4 and FT3 levels in the infant decreased from 200/minute to 170/minute, 4.7 ng/dL to 2.9 ng/dL, 7.0 pg/mL to 4.8 pg/mL, respectively, in the first 33 hours. At 5 days, FT4and FT3 were 1.1 ng/dL and 2.9 pg/mL, respectively, and we stopped propylthiouracil administration. Although FT4decreased to 0.4 ng/dL, TSH was quite low and did not respond to intravenous TRH by 14 days of age. We began daily levothyroxine 5-μ/kg supplementation. The responsiveness of TSH to TRH did not become significant until 4 months old and normalized at 6.5 months old. At this time, levothyroxine was stopped. We conclude that placental transfer of thyroid hormones may cause hyperthyroidism in the fetal and early neonatal periods and lead to transient pituitary hypothyroidism in an infant born to a mother with uncontrolled Graves' disease.
Abdominal Fat Assessment in Adolescents Using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry

BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is an increasing problem in adolescents, often persisting into adulthood. Reliable assessment has been restricted to techniques limited by relatively high radiation doses or cost. AIM To investigate the reliability of several abdominal regions using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to assess the construct validity of these methods against metabolic profile. METHODS Inter- and intra-rater precision of two assessors were examined, for fat mass analysis in six different abdominal regions using DXA in overweight/obese and normal weight adolescents. Construct validity was examined in overweight/obese individuals. RESULTS All methods had acceptable intra- and inter-rater reliability. Region 1 was most precise in overweight/obese individuals, while Region 6 was most precise in normal weight individuals. In all regions, assessments were less precise in overweight/obese individuals. All regions were equally predictive of insulin outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal adiposity can be reliably assessed in adolescents using DXA, and the most precisely assessed regions were identified. All regions predicted insulin outcomes.