Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Baclofen antagonizes nicotine‐, cocaine‐, and morphine‐induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rat

Evidence recently provided has suggested a specific involvement of the GABAergic system in modulating positive reinforcing properties of several drugs of abuse through an action on mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of several forms of drug addiction. In the present study, using the in vivo microdialysis technique, we investigated the effect of baclofen on nicotine, cocaine, and morphine‐induced increase in extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, a brain area supposedly involved in the modulation of the central effects of several drugs of abuse, of freely moving rats. As expected, nicotine (0.6 mg/kg s.c.), morphine (5 mg/kg s.c.), and cocaine (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) administration in rats induced a marked increase in extracellular DA concentrations in the nucleus accumbens, reaching a maximum value of +205 ± 8.4%, +300 ± 22.2%, and +370 ± 30.7%, respectively. Pretreatment with baclofen (1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg i.p.) dose‐dependently reduced the nicotine‐, morphine‐, and cocaine‐evoked DA release in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, baclofen alone did not elicit changes in basal DA extracellular levels up to 180 min. Taken together, our data are in line with previous reports demonstrating the ability of baclofen to modulate the mesolimbic DAergic transmission and indicate baclofen as a putative candidate in the pharmacotherapy of polydrug abuse. Synapse 50:1–6, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Rep Protein Inhibits Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E2 Recruitment of the Transcriptional Coactivator p300

ABSTRACT Infection by human adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) is a possible protective factor in the development of cervical carcinomas associated with human papillomaviruses (HPV). The replicative proteins of AAV2 (Rep) have been implicated in the inhibition of papillomavirus replication and transforming activities, although the molecular events underlying these effects are poorly understood. We observed that each of the four forms of AAV2 Rep inhibited the E1- and E2-driven replication of oncogenic HPV type 16 (HPV16). Rep40, corresponding to the C-terminal domain of all Rep proteins, inhibited both HPV DNA replication and HPV16 E2-mediated transactivation. Rep40 specifically bound the N-terminal transactivation domain of HPV16 E2 both in vitro and in vivo. This interaction was found to specifically disrupt the binding of E2 to the cellular transcriptional coactivator p300. Accordingly, the inhibitory effect of Rep on HPV16 E2 transactivation was rescued by the overexpression of p300. These data indicate a novel role of Rep in the down-regulation of papillomaviruses through inhibition of complex formation between the HPV16 E2 transcriptional activator and its cellular coactivator, p300.
Studies on the immune response and pathogenesis of Sendai virus infection of mice. II. The immunoglobulin class of plasma cells in the bronchial sub-mucosa.

The classes of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the lungs of mice after primary infection with Sendai virus were studied using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. It was found that during the first 5 days of the infection there was a considerable increase in all classes of immunoglobulin-containing cells with the IgA-containing cells retaining their pre-infection predominance. By the 6th day of the infection both IgG and IgA cells were present in equal numbers. This 1:1 ratio persisted for nearly 30 days and was followed by a gradual reversion to IgA excess. IgM-containing cells represented only 1/15–1/30 of all immunoglobulin-containing cells at any time during the infection.
Group-Delay-Controlled Multiple-Resonator-Based Harmonic Analysis

In this paper, a modified and improved approach to the recently proposed multiple-resonator-based observer structure for harmonic estimation has been proposed. In the previous papers, two inherent particular cases have been considered. In the first case, estimation is performed in the point located in the middle of the observation interval, and exhibits good noises and unwanted harmonics attenuation but possesses a large response delay. In the second case, the estimation point is at the end of the observation window. In this case, the filters are able to form a zero-flat phase response about the operation frequency and hence able to provide instantaneous estimates, but with large overshoots caused by resonant frequencies at the edges of the pass band, and the high level of the sidelobs. In this paper, the estimation point is shifted along the observation interval reshaping frequency responses to tradeoff between those opposite requirements. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is shown through simulations.
Knowledge Sharing and Innovation Performance

The intensity and directions of knowledge flows between different actors are essential determinants in innovation. Knowledge acquisition is needed to find the relevant signals from markets, and knowledge sharing can facilitate benefits from network externalities and collaboration. A deeper understanding of the dynamics within knowledge transfer is, however, still needed. Thus, our goal is to clarify the effects of knowledge sharing on innovative performance. We test our model with a sample of 299 medium-sised and large Finnish companies. Our multi-way ANOVA results indicate that the level of innovation performance varies between the knowledge sources and the types of knowledge sharing.
A Novel Hybrid Localization Method for Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract Wireless sensor network is a kind of brand-new information acquisition platform, which is realized by the introduction of self-organizing and auto-configuration mechanisms. Node localization technology represents a crucial component of wireless sensor network. In this paper, a localization method based on kernel principal component analysis and particle swarm optimization back propagation algorithm is carefully discussed. First of all, taking KPCA as the front-end system to extract the main components of the localization information, and then regarding the nonlinear principal components extracted from distance vectors as the input samples, and meanwhile taking the coordinates of vertices in addition to the region boundary as the output samples, the PSO-BP neural network is trained to achieve the localization model. Finally the localization of unknown nodes can be estimated. The simulation experiment result showed that the method has high ability of stability and precision, and meets the practical need of localization.
Pain evaluation of patients with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and low back pain.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare pain as reported by outpatients with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and low back pain, in view of designing more adequate physical therapy treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A Portuguese version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire - where subjects are asked to choose, from lists of pre-categorized words, one or none that best describes what they feel - was used to assess pain intensity and quality of 64 patients, of which 24 had fibromyalgia, 22 had osteoarthritis, and 18 had low back pain. The pre-categorized words were organized into 4 major classes - sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous. RESULTS Patients with fibromyalgia reported, comparatively, more intense pain through their choice of pain descriptors, both sensory and affective; they also chose a higher number of words from these classes than patients in the other groups and were the only ones to choose specific affective descriptors such as "vicious", "wretched", "exhausting", "blinding". CONCLUSION Assuming that each disease presents unique qualities of pain experience, and that these can be pointed out by means of this questionnaire by patients' choice of specific groups of words, the findings suggest that fibromyalgia include not only a physical component, but also a psycho-emotional component, indicating that they require both emotional/affective and physical care.
Rôles et mécanismes du Bouche-à-Oreille dans le développement d'une clientèle vétérinaire canine

Comprendre et maitriser le Bouche-a-Oreille (BAO) est essentiel pour le veterinaire praticien. A partir de donnees recueillies aupres de proprietaires d’animaux de compagnie, ce travail met en evidence, d’une part les antecedents du BAO (qualite de service, qualite percue, satisfaction, fidelite), et d’autre part ses consequences (recherche d’information, decision d’achat, renforcement positif ou negatif de la satisfaction et de la fidelite, rentabilite). Nous proposons un modele integrant les flux de clients et le BAO. Dans 47% des cas, les clients choisissent leur veterinaire par le BAO. 29% de la clientele ne reviendra pas : la moitie pour cause de demenagement, la moitie pour insatisfaction ! 44% de ces departs pour insatisfaction releve de l’attitude du praticien : relationnel defaillant, mauvais contact avec les animaux, ou manque de clarte des explications fournies en consultation. En ameliorant de 5 points le taux de BAO spontane parmi la clientele au moyen d’actions appropriees proposees ici, le benefice de la clinique augmente de 46% sur 5 ans et double au bout de dix ans !
Aging differentially affects direct and indirect actions of endothelin‐1 in perfused mesenteric arteries of the rat

1 The effects of age on the vascular action of endothelin‐1 were studied in mesenteric resistance arteries of 4,9 and 27 month old Fischer 344 rats. 2 Third order branches (about 200 μm in diameter) of mesenteric resistance arteries were dissected free and mounted on glass cannulae in organ chambers. Changes in intraluminal diameter of the perfused and pressurized vessels were continuously measured with a video dimension analyzer. 3 Endothelin‐1 (10−14−3 × 10−8 m.) caused contractions that were augmented after removal of the endothelium. The inhibitory effects of the endothelium were greater in young than in old rats. 4 The sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to endothelin‐1 decreased with age, while the maximal response was maintained. In contrast, the contractions to noradrenaline were unaffected by aging. 5 Threshold concentrations of endothelin‐1 potentiated the contractions evoked by low and moderate concentrations of noradrenaline (10−7−10−6m) in old, but not in young, rats. 6 Endothelium‐dependent relaxations to acetylcholine inhibited maximal contractions to endothelin‐1 and this effect decreased with age. In contrast, the relaxations to the nitric oxide donor, 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1; the active metabolite of molsidomine), did not differ in the three age groups. 7 Aging specifically decreases the direct contractile effects of endothelin‐1 and the inhibitory effects of the endothelium against these contractions, while the indirect (potentiating) effects of the peptide become more pronounced.
Is specific HIV eradication from the brain possible or needed?

Introduction: There is increasing interest in the possibility of eradication of HIV, given the recent case reports. However, it is not clear to what extent brain involvement by HIV poses a challenge to systemic eradication strategies. Areas covered: This review will outline the mechanisms of HIV latency, the various eradication strategies presently under consideration followed by a discussion of the issue of the frequency and severity of brain involvement by HIV. In those patients with HIV brain disease the challenges will be delineated as well as potential approaches to circumvent or minimise them. Expert opinion: Eradication of HIV from the brain using specific methodologies is likely only needed in some patients. However, both the identification of such patients and the details of the necessary methodologies require much more research.
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder

The current literature provides substantial evidence of brain alterations associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms (eg, checking, cleaning/decontamination, counting compulsions; harm or sexual, symmetry/exactness obsessions), and emotional problems (eg, defensive/appetitive emotional imbalance, disgust, guilt, shame, and fear learning/extinction) and cognitive impairments associated with this disorder (eg, inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility). Building on this evidence, new clinical trials can now target specific brain regions/networks. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) was introduced as a new therapeutic tool for the self-regulation of brain–mind. In this review, we describe initial trials testing the use of rtfMRI to target brain regions associated with specific OCD symptoms (eg, contamination), and other mind–brain processes (eg, cognitive – working memory, inhibitory control, emotional – defensive, appetitive systems, fear reduction through counter-conditioning) found impaired in OCD patients. While this is a novel topic of research, initial evidence shows the promise of using rtfMRI in training the self-regulation of brain regions and mental processes associated with OCD. Additionally, studies with healthy populations have shown that individuals can regulate brain regions associated with cognitive and emotional processes found impaired in OCD. After the initial “proof-of-concept” stage, there is a need to follow up with controlled clinical trials that could test rtfMRI innovative treatments targeting brain regions and networks associated with different OCD symptoms and cognitive-emotional impairments.
A BSSRDF model for efficient rendering of fur with global illumination

Physically-based hair and fur rendering is crucial for visual realism. One of the key effects is global illumination, involving light bouncing between different fibers. This is very time-consuming to simulate with methods like path tracing. Efficient approximate global illumination techniques such as dual scattering are in widespread use, but are limited to human hair only, and cannot handle color bleeding, transparency and hair-object inter-reflection. We present the first global illumination model, based on dipole diffusion for subsurface scattering, to approximate light bouncing between individual fur fibers. We model complex light and fur interactions as subsurface scattering, and use a simple neural network to convert from fur fibers' properties to scattering parameters. Our network is trained on only a single scene with different parameters, but applies to general scenes and produces visually accurate appearance, supporting color bleeding and further inter-reflections.
Acoustic stress detection for improved navigation of educational videos

This paper presents a system that uses acoustic stress detection to identify important concepts in educational videos. The proposed system is part of a non-linear navigation system that contains additional features like dynamic word cloud and 2-D time-line. An important feature of the word cloud is that the color used to represent the word depicts its spoken emphasis. This emphasis is estimated by quantifying the acoustic stress of each word. Stressed instances of a given word are also highlighted on the 2-D timeline using different colors. The primary focus of this paper is to detect words spoken with higher acoustic stress and provide an efﬁcient means to navigate to corresponding instances. In the training phase, words are labeled manually as ‘stressed’ or ‘unstressed’ by speech experts. An SVM classiﬁer is trained using three types of acoustic features: intensity-based, pitch-based and duration-based. Considering the data imbalance in terms of the ratio of ‘stressed’ to ‘unstressed’ words, the performance achieved (70% correct detection at a false-alarm rate of 19%) is satisfactory. The usability studies show that the time taken to detect and navigate to stressed instances of words is signiﬁcantly less ( p < 0 . 01 ) than that using a youtube-type baseline system.
Attraction of Prorops Nasuta (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a Parasitoid of the Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to Host-Associated Olfactory Cues

ABSTRACT The parasitoid Prorops nasuta Waterston (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is a wasp of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In this study, the attractiveness of different volatiles to P. nasuta was studied in the laboratory using a Y-tube olfactometer. Female wasps were attracted to coffee berry borer-infested coffee berries but not to uninfested or artificially damaged berries. Full-grown larvae and pupae, and dust/frass of H. hampei isolated from infested berries, were attractive to parasitoid females, whereas immature coffee berry borer and dust/frass originating from coffee berry borer reared on an artificial diet were not. Adult coffee berry borer, derived from both infested berries or artificial diet, were not attractive to parasitoids. Females of P. nasuta did not show a preference for volatiles released from unparasitized versus parasitized hosts independent of the time since parasitization. Wasp attraction was influenced by the amount and age of dust/frass but not by the density of immature larvae. These findings show that host searching behavior of P. nasuta is mediated by chemical cues emitted from the coffee berry-H. hampei complex.
[Prognosis prediction of S-phase fraction and p53, c-erbB-2, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor in axillary node-negative breast cancer].

The prognostic factors in 180 axillary node-negative breast cancer patients with more than 5 year follow-up were searched for with multiple regression. Based on the regression results, the cases with treatment failure in 5 year and the cases with 5 year disease free survival were matched at 1:2 ratio. Then the c-erbB-2 protein, p53 Protein, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and the S-phase fraction (SPF) were measured in paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue. The results were analysed with log-rank test and Cox-Model. Among the biobehaviour factors measured, the SPF was the strongest prognosis predictor for ANN. The 5 year disease free survival rate of ANN with SPF < 10% or > 10% was 94% and 52% respectively (P < 0.001). The treatment failure relative risk of patients with SPF > 10% ANN was 11.31. The relative risk of other four factors was respectively, PR 3.58 (P < 0.002), ER 2.93 (P < 0.05), p53 1.44 (P > 0.3), c-erbB-2 1.38 (P > 0.5). The combination of PR or EP with SPF could make the relative risk even higher.
Initiatives to shorten duration of untreated psychosis: systematic review

Background Long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is common and associated with poor outcomes. Strategies to enhance early detection of first-episode psychosis have been advocated. Aims To evaluate initiatives for early detection of psychosis. Method Systematic review of available evidence on the effectiveness of early detection initiatives to reduce the DUP. Results The review included 11 studies which evaluated 8 early detection initiatives. Evidence suggests that general practitioner education campaigns and dedicated early intervention services do not by themselves reduce DUP or generate more treated cases. Evidence for multifocus initiatives is mixed: intensive campaigns targeting the general public as well as relevant professionals may be needed. No studies evaluated initiatives targeting young people or professionals from non-health organisations. Conclusions How early detection can be achieved is not clear. Evidence is most promising for intensive public awareness campaigns: these require organisation and resourcing at a regional or national level. More good-quality studies are needed to address gaps in knowledge.
Cross-reactive adaptive immune response to oral commensal bacteria results in an induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-dependent periodontal bone resorption in a mouse model.

INTRODUCTION The present study examined whether induction of an adaptive immune response to orally colonizing non-pathogenic Pasteurella pneumotropica by immunization with the phylogenetically closely related bacterium, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, can result in periodontal bone loss in mice. METHODS BALB/c mice harboring P. pneumotropica (P. pneumotropica(+) mice) in the oral cavity or control P. pneumotropica-free mice were immunized with fixed A. actinomycetemcomitans. The animals were sacrificed on day 30, and the following measurements were carried out: (i) serum immunoglobulin G and gingival T-cell responses to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. pneumotropica; (ii) periodontal bone loss; and (iii) identification of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) -positive T cells in gingival tissue. RESULTS Immunization with A. actinomycetemcomitans induced a significantly elevated serum immunoglobulin G response to the 29-kDa A. actinomycetemcomitans outer membrane protein (Omp29), which showed strong cross-reactivity with P. pneumotropica OmpA compared to results in the control non-immunized mice. The A. actinomycetemcomitans-immunized P. pneumotropica(+) mice developed remarkable periodontal bone loss in a RANKL-dependent manner, as determined by the abrogation of bone loss by treatment with osteoprotegerin-Fc. The T cells isolated from the gingival tissue of A. actinomycetemcomitans-immunized P. pneumotropica(+) mice showed an in vitro proliferative response to both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. pneumotropica antigen presentation, as well as production of soluble(s)RANKL in the culture supernatant. Double-color confocal microscopy demonstrated that the frequency of RANKL(+) T cells in the gingival tissue of A. actinomycetemcomitans-immunized P. pneumotropica(+) mice was remarkably elevated compared to control mice. CONCLUSION The induction of an adaptive immune response to orally colonizing non-pathogenic P. pneumotropica results in RANKL-dependent periodontal bone loss in mice.
Heart rate recovery after aerobic and anaerobic tests: is there an influence of anaerobic speed reserve?

ABSTRACT The present study assessed if differences in the metabolic profile, inferred from the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), would influence the dynamics of heart rate recovery (HRR) after two modes of exercise. Thirty-nine physical education students (14 females and 25 males) volunteered for this study. Participants carried out three separate testing sessions to assess maximal sprinting speed (MSS, 1st session), repeated sprint ability (RSA, 2nd session) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) using the Université of Montreal Track Test (UMTT, 3rd session). ASR was defined as the difference between MSS and MAS. Heart rate was continuously registered throughout the tests and during the 5-min post-test recovery. To evaluate the influence of ASR on post-exercise, HRR comparisons between ASR-based groups [high ASR vs. low ASR] and sex groups (males vs. females) were performed. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between high ASR and low ASR groups of the same sex for indices of relative HRR after the RSA and UMTT. In addition, after the RSA test, males from the high ASR group had a significantly slower HRR kinetics compared with the males of the low ASR (P < 0.05) and the females of high ASR (P < 0.05); whereas females of the high ASR groups had a faster HRR kinetics compared with the females of low ASR group (P < 0.05). Our results showed that in males, post-exercise HRR could be related to the ASR, whereas in females, the influence of ASR is less clear.