Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hadoop-Based Performance Optimization of Network Stream Input Format

Network stream analysis is one of the essential applications of industrial research in the era of big data. As the input format of the major massive data application platform--Hadoop, cannot support network stream sufficiently. This paper proposes a feasible optimization design. Firstly, the HDFS block-storage structure and the particular libpcap file format of network stream are considered. Then input files were pre-processed as large as HDFS block-size, and a new data input format called blockPcapInputFormat is achieved by expanding the fileInputFormat of Hadoop. Furthermore, experiments are performed for verifying the proposed design’ effectiveness. Results have shown that the optimization scheme is not only able to accelerate the processing performance of libpcap files effectively, but also suitable for applications where Hadoop parses network stream.
JPEG DCT Compressiom

With the rapid spread of image processing applications and the further development of multimedia technologies, compression standards become more and more important. This paper intends to explain JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) compression, which is currently a worldwide standard for digital image compression, is based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Based on the research, the paper describes theory and algorithms of the JPEG DCT compression and implements a baseline JPEG codec (encoder/decoder) with MATLAB.
Early Coding Unit–Splitting Termination Algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)

A new‐generation video coding standard, named High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), has recently been developed by JCT‐VC. This new standard provides a significant improvement in picture quality, especially for high‐resolution videos. However, one the most important challenges in HEVC is time complexity. A quadtree‐based structure is created for the encoding and decoding processes and the rate‐distortion (RD) cost is calculated for all possible dimensions of coding units in the quadtree. This provides a high encoding quality, but also causes computational complexity. We focus on a reduction scheme of the computational complexity and propose a new approach that can terminate the quadtree‐based structure early, based on the RD costs of the parent and current levels. Our proposed algorithm is compared with HEVC Test Model version 10.0 software and a previously proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm provides a significant time reduction for encoding, with only a small loss in video quality.
A 2-V 2.3/4.6-GHz dual-band frequency synthesizer in 0.35-μm digital CMOS process

This brief describes the design of a frequency synthesizer for 2.3/4.6-GHz wireless applications in a 0.35-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process. This synthesizer provides dual-band output signals by means of frequency doubling techniques. Output frequency of the proposed synthesizer ranges from 1.87-2.3 GHz, and 3.74-4.6GHz. This chip consumes a total power of 80 mW from a single 2-V supply, including 45 mW for dual-band output buffers. Core size is 2200 /spl mu/m/spl times/1600 /spl mu/m.
Estimation of Cartesian Space Robot Trajectories Using Unit Quaternion Space

The ability to estimate Cartesian space trajectories that include orientation is of great importance for many practical applications. While it is becoming easier to acquire trajectory data by computer vision methods, data measured by general-purpose vision or depth sensors are often rather noisy. Appropriate smoothing methods are thus needed in order to reconstruct smooth Cartesian space trajectories given noisy measurements. In this paper, we propose an optimality criterion for the problem of the smooth estimation of Cartesian space trajectories that include the end-effector orientation. Based on this criterion, we develop an optimization method for trajectory estimation which takes into account the special properties of the orientation space, which we represent by unit quaternions. The efficiency of the developed approach is discussed and experimental results are presented.
Probabilistic analysis of power flows

The paper describes and examines a technique which permits the power-flow problem in a power system to be analysed probabilistically instead of using normal deterministic methods. All the nodal loads and generation are defined as random variables and the power flow in each line is computed in terms of a probability density function. The expected values and standard deviation of each power flow are also calculated, and, in addition, the overall balance of power in the system is determined in terms of a density function. The purpose of this analysis is to account for the errors and statistical variations known to exist in the operation and planning of systems within one solution. This enables the power-flow problem to be treated objectively and allows quantitative assessment of reliability and security. The paper compares the results obtained probabilistically with those that would be obtained deterministically, and shows the much wider range of information gained in this type of analysis.
Real-time 3D rendering of optical coherence tomography volumetric data

Modern measurement equipment delivers more detailed data and faster data with each generation. These data can be used for different applications, one of them is doing real time display. Instead of saving all data during the measurements and analyze it afterwards, the data is displayed in real time and only especially selected parts of the data are saved for further work. Moving the screening part of the analysis to the human brain and pattern recognition avoids the saving of vast amounts of data and massive calculation power on computers afterwards and it dramatically improves the level of interaction with the measurement systems. This work starts first with a short look to the question what OCT is and how data is acquired. The different possibilities of volume rendering are presented in their basic ideas. Graphics hardware and algorithms are presented and discussed. Last the results of measurements taken by the system will be presented and discussed.
Diagnostics of parallel and serial processing in a visual search task

We investigated the effect of noise density display organization and the number of stimuli in a visual search task. The results show that when the stimuli were randomly distributed in the visual field, the target was detected in parallel in intact displays and was serially searched in noisy displays; in this case search difficulty increases with noise density. When the display was organized, the search was always parallel. These results suggest that noise and display organization act on early visual processes which affect the size of attentional focus.
SECURED DATA HIDING BY USING EXTENDED VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY

Due to the rapid advancement of the internet large amount of data is transmitted over the internet. Some of the transmitted information is very important like password, confidential file, security codes etc. so it is very important to provide security to these data. In computer technology there are two ways to provide security to the data they are cryptography & steganography. Although, in the past, there has been various research related to cryptography & steganography but neither of them provide enough & strong security. So this paper proposes a novel approach for data hiding by combining steganography & extended visual cryptography. Visual cryptography was invented by Moni Naor & Adi Shamir in 1994. Visual cryptography hide secret image within one or more images & then generate shares. For share generation this paper uses Visual Information Pixel (VIP) & error diffusion technique.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A SCHEDULING AND ALLOCATION ALGORITHM FOR HARDWARE EVALUATION

In this thesis, an intuitive approach to determine scheduling and allocation of a behavioral algorithm defined by a netlist is presented. In this approach, scheduling is based on a weighted list scheduling where operations have the longest critical path are scheduled first. The component allocations are resorted to the PDCPA algorithm which focus on making efficient and correct clusters for hardware reuse problem. Several constraints are used in order to ensure the causality of processes and prevent conflicts of hardware components. This approach can give the total number of control steps and the number of registers and multiplexers in detail. Hence, designers obtain useful information from it and can make trade-offs between different resource conditions. The program is implemented in MATLAB programming environment and provides parts of behavioral synthesis to facilitate the whole synthesis procedure.
Cu (II) Chemisorption on Calcined Substrates made with an Oxidic Refractory Variable Charges Lithological Material

This work presents a complementary study on the nature of copper ions adsorption reaction on calcined substrates with variable charge surfaces prepared with refractory lithological materials obtained from San Juan de Lagunillas, near the city of Mérida, Mérida State, Venezuela. The study was performed on activated and non-activated calcined substrate, prepared with granulometric fraction between 425 mm – 250 mm. The results of the PZC showed that thermal treatment favors the formation of amphoteric oxides with p H 0 6 – 7 similar to those reported in the literature. Although the isotherms obtained in previous experiments are L type which indicative of strong affinity of copper ions with the surfaces of the substrates, they do not represent an absolute proof about a chemosorption reaction. This kind of adsorption reaction should produce H 3 O + ion that acidifies the solution. The adsorption experiment performed on 2 g of calcined substrates with solutions of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 M Cu +2 produced 0.11, 0.27 and 1.19 mmol of protons ions respectively. These data complement the information given by the isotherms about the chemisorption of copper ions with the surface of this calcined substrate, confirming the specific adsorption.
Impact of DFB-LD FM response distortion, in amplitude and phase, on FSK coherent systems

The influence of amplitude and phase distortions of the FM response of DFB (distributed feedback) lasers on coherent FSK (frequency shift keying) transmission systems has been investigated. It was found that pattern effects are mainly due to phase distortions, while the IF (intermediate frequency) spectrum broadening is due to both amplitude and phase distortions. Possible remedies are described, including device selection, line coding, and phase and/or amplitude equalization of the FM response. A comparison between observed spectra and computer analysis has been performed, showing a good agreement. Transmission experiments at 140 Mb/s have been carried out, showing the predicted effects on the eye diagram. <<ETX>>
Multilayer perceptron structures applied to adaptive equalisers for data communications

The authors demonstrate the application of multilayer perceptrons to the problem of equalization in digital communications systems. Following a brief description of the architecture of the multilayer perceptron, the authors investigate its capabilities as a channel equalizer and show that they are superior to those of the linear equalizer. The comparison is effected by simple examples that show graphically why the nonlinear architecture provides better results, and also by an investigation of bit-error rates in a higher dimensional situation. It is concluded that the multilayer perceptron offers advantages over the linear transversal equalizer in a number of areas. Its ability to form decision regions with nonlinear boundaries enables it to equalize both minimum-phase and non-minimum-phase channels without the introduction of any timing delay, a capability that may be of value in nonstationary environments. <<ETX>>
P‐13: Serifs Slow RSVP Reading at Very Small Sizes, but Don't Matter at Larger Sizes

During Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, readers can read sans‐serif type about 20% faster at very small sizes. This advantage disappears at larger sizes. The study was done with fonts specially designed to control typeface parameters other than the serifs. The results suggest that rendering serifs at small sizes may be counterproductive.
Objective Video Quality Assessment for Stereoscopic Video

Stereoscopic video delivers depth perception to users contrary to 2D video. Therefore, we need to develop a new video quality assessment model for stereoscopic video. In this paper, we propose a new method for objective assessment of stereoscopic video. The proposed method detects blocking artifacts and degradation in edge regions such as in conventional video quality assessment model. And it detects video quality difference between views using depth information for efficient quality prediction. We performed subjective assessment of stereoscopic video to check the performance of the proposed method, and we confirmed that the proposed algorithm is superior to the existing method in PSNR in respect to correlation with results of the subjective assessment.
Artifact System (AS) framework: a study of the coevolution of technological artifacts

The paper attempts to lay a foundation to understand and address the system level issues of sustainable product development. It is often emphasized that creating products on the basis of function/need and redefining product systems are the most important aspects of sustainable product development; however, no systematic approaches exist to adequately address these issues. We hypothesize that it is the epigenetic effect of artifact (interactions with other artifacts, environment, etc.) that produces a web structure among artifacts. This web structure (known as artifact system (AS)) has its own laws and rules of evolution. Appropriate design and realization of AS (i.e., constructive intervention of AS
The dope on L-dopa metabolism

Microbiota The efficacy of l-dopa treatment for Parkinson's disease is hugely variable between individuals, depending on the composition of their microbiota. l-Dopa is decarboxylated into active dopamine, but if the gut microbiota metabolize l-dopa before it crosses the blood-brain barrier, medication is ineffective. Maini Rekdal et al. found that different species of bacterium are involved in l-dopa metabolism (see the Perspective by O'Neill). Tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) from Enterococcus faecalis and dopamine dehydroxylase (Dadh) from Eggerthella lenta A2 sequentially metabolized l-dopa into m -tyramine. The microbial l-dopa decarboxylase can be inactivated by ( S )-α-fluoromethyltyrosine (AFMT), which indicates possibilities for developing combinations of Parkinson's drugs to circumvent microbial inactivation. Science , this issue p. [eaau6323][1]; see also p. [1030][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau6323 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aax8937
Integrated coherent receiver for linear optical phase demodulation

An ultracompact coherent receiver with negative feedback was developed for highly linear phase demodulation.The receiver demonstrates a spur‐free dynamic range of 122 dB Hz2/3 at a signal frequency of 300 MHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2343–2345, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26236
Immobilization of Pd Catalysts on Mesoporous Silica for Amine- and Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reactions

Abstract Immobilization of catalysts on solid supports is a promising approach to combine the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, known as an extremely active homogeneous catalyst for the Sonogashira coupling reaction, has been immobilized on high-surface-area MCF (mesocellular foams)–type mesoporous silica powder modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and subsequently with diphenylphosphine. The functionalized MCF-type silica and supported catalysts have been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Such supported Pd catalysts have proven to be useful recyclable reagents for copper- and amine-free Sonogashira coupling reactions of haloaromatic compounds with terminal alkynes.
The role of ABA in regulating the movemement of chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to stress

Plant hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid play key roles in growth and developmental processes in higher plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the effect of these hormones on algal physiology is still unclear. Our results suggest that these plant hormones do not affect the growth rate of C. reinhardtii. We examined the effect of these hormones in the movement of C. reinhardtii. C.reinhardtii cultures were transferred to a glass measuring cylinder then treated with 50μM of ABA, ACC, H2O2, NAA and combinations of ABA and ACC in either the light or dark. All these hormones except ABA did not alter the phototropic response of C.reinhardtii. We show that exogenous ABA significantly altered the HCO3- uptake of C.reinhardtii in a light-intensity-dependent manner. In high light ABA enhanced HCO3- uptake, while under low light uptake was diminished. Algae were sampled at different time points over 24h in a cyclic 16h photoperiod and were treated with, or without 50 μM ABA in either the light or dark and their position in the water column was monitored by measuring the A750 at different depths. The actual position attained by the algae in the water column correlated with the time at which they were sampled in the cycle; in general, ABA-induced upward movement of the algae. The algae also showed a differential, light-dependent directional taxis response to a fixed ABA source, moving horizontally towards the source in the light and away in the dark. Morever, plants possess glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (class IV GRPs) that are involved in stress responses that are regulated by ABA. Our sequence analysis revealed that Chlamydomonas appears to possess only a single class IV GRP gene, which we named CrGRP1; it encodes a flagellum-associated RNA-binding protein. We show that CrGRP1 is expressed in a circadian rhythm and in response to abiotic stresses. The expression of CrGRP1 was also assessed during the algal movement experiments and appeared to decline to the greatest extent when ABA-induced the greatest upward movement of the algae. To determine the potential role of the CrGRP1 gene in ABA and light-mediated movement, recombinant pChlamy4 constructs were made to overexpress of knock-down CrGRP1. Ongoing experiments suggest that CrGRP1 negatively regulates the ABA-induced upward movement of the algae, presumably by binding mRNAs required for this response. We suggest that the development of this response mechanism in motile algae may have been an important step in the evolution of terrestrial plants and anticipate that these results will initiate novel algal research that may help to clarify the involvement of ABA in plant tropisms.
Neural-network-based learning control for the high-speed path tracking of unmanned ground vehicles

In this paper, a neural-network-based learning control method is proposed for the high-speed path tracking of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). In our work, a reinforcement-learning controller is combined with a conventional PID controller so that the robustness of PID control and the optimization ability of learning control can both be utilized. The proposed method uses an adaptive-critic learning controller with two outputs to tune the PD parameters online. The architecture of the learning controller includes a critic neural network and two action neural networks and the adaptive-heuristic-critic (AHC) learning algorithm is used to adjust the weights. Simulation results show that the path tracking performance of high-speed vehicles can be improved by the proposed method.
Link-State Routing With Hop-by-Hop Forwarding Can Achieve Optimal Traffic Engineering

This paper settles an open question with a positive answer: Optimal traffic engineering (or optimal multicommodity flow) can be realized using just link-state routing protocols with hop-by-hop forwarding. Today's typical versions of these protocols, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System-Intermediate System (IS-IS), split traffic evenly over shortest paths based on link weights. However, optimizing the link weights for OSPF/IS-IS to the offered traffic is a well-known NP-hard problem, and even the best setting of the weights can deviate significantly from an optimal distribution of the traffic. In this paper, we propose a new link-state routing protocol, PEFT, that splits traffic over multiple paths with an exponential penalty on longer paths. Unlike its predecessor, DEFT, our new protocol provably achieves optimal traffic engineering while retaining the simplicity of hop-by-hop forwarding. The new protocol also leads to a significant reduction in the time needed to compute the best link weights. Both the protocol and the computational methods are developed in a conceptual framework, called Network Entropy Maximization, that is used to identify the traffic distributions that are not only optimal, but also realizable by link-state routing.
Exploiting CMOS reverse interconnect scaling in multigigahertz amplifier and oscillator design

The increasing number of interconnect layers that are needed in a CMOS process to meet the routing and power requirements of large digital circuits also yield significant advantages for analog applications. The reverse thickness scaling of the top metal layer can be exploited in the design of low-loss transmission lines. Coplanar transmission lines in the top metal layers take advantage of a low metal resistance and a large separation from the heavily doped silicon substrate. They are therefore fully compatible with current and future CMOS process technologies. To investigate the feasibility of extending CMOS designs beyond 10 GHz, a wide range of coplanar transmission lines are characterized. The effect of the substrate resistivity on coplanar wave propagation is explained. After achieving a record loss of 0.3 dB/mm at 50 GHz, coplanar lines are used in the design of distributed amplifiers and oscillators. They are the first to achieve higher than 10 GHz operating frequencies in a conventional CMOS technology.
Comparison of the algebraic reconstruction technique with the maximum entropy reconstruction technique for a variety of detection tasks

A method for comparing reconstruction algorithms is presented based on the ability to perform certain detection tasks on the resulting images. The reconstruction algorithms compared are the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and the maximum entropy reconstruction method (MaxEnt). Task performance is assessed through a Monte Carlo simulation of the complete imaging process, including the generation of a set of object scenes, followed by data-taking, reconstruction, and performance of the specified task by a machine observer. For these detection tasks the figure of merit used for comparison is the detectability index, d'. When each algorithm is run with approximately optimized parameters, these studies find comparable values for d'.
Intelligent Information Extraction from Legal Texts

Presently, we are confronted with an enormous amount of legal documents, which are increasingly recorded in electronic format. There is a need to make the information in legal texts easily and automatically accessible. In this paper we argue that in the legal field, where we are confronted with specific text types, knowledge about discourse structures and the linguistic cues that signal them is very valuable to incorporate in information extraction systems and in text processing systems in general. We also demonstrate the need for adequate formalisms for representing discourse patterns. However, intertextual analysis of texts that describes and explains the properties of text types and genres is underdeveloped in the legal field.