Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the surface urban heat island effect in the city of Madrid by thermal remote sensing

The surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect is defined as the increased surface temperatures in urban areas in contrast to cooler surrounding rural areas. In this article, the evaluation of the SUHI effect in the city of Madrid (Spain) from thermal infrared (TIR) remote-sensing data is presented. The data were obtained from the framework of the Dual-use European Security IR Experiment (DESIREX) campaign that was carried out during June and July 2008 in Madrid. The campaign combined the collection of airborne hyperspectral and in situ measurements. Thirty spectral and spatial high-resolution images were acquired with the Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) sensor in a 11, 21, and 4 h UTC scheme. The imagery was used to retrieve the SUHI effect by applying the temperature and emissivity separation (TES) algorithm. The results show a nocturnal SUHI effect with a highest value of 5 K. This maximum value agrees within 1 K with the highest value of the urban heat island (UHI) observed using air temperature data (AT). During the daytime, this situation is reversed and the city becomes a negative heat island.
An easy procedure to determine Magic Formula parameters: a comparative study between the starting value optimization technique and the IMMa optimization algorithm

In 2004, a new searching algorithm for Magic Formula tyre model parameters was presented. Now, a summary of the results, for pure and combined slip, that this algorithm is able to achieve is presented. The Magic Formula tyre model needs a set of parameters to describe the tyre properties. The determination of these parameters is dealt with in this article. A new method, called IMMa Optimization Algorithm (IOA), based on genetic techniques, is used to determine these parameters. Here, we show the computational cost that has been used to obtain the optimum parameters of every characteristic of the Magic Formula tyre model, called Delft Tyre 96. The main advantages of the method are its simplicity of implementation and its fast convergence to optimal solution, with no need of deep knowledge of the searching space. Hence, to start the search, it is not necessary to know a set of starting values of the Magic Formula parameters (null sensitivity to starting values). The search can be started with a randomly generated set of parameters between [0, 1]. Nowadays, MF-Tool, an application developed by TNO, uses an optimization technique to fit Magic Formula parameters from Matlab toolbox [van Oosten, J.J.M. and Bakker, E. , 1993, {Determination of magic tyre model parameters}. Vehicle System Dynamics, 21, 19–29; van Oosten, J.J.M. , Savi, C. , Augustin, M. , Bouhet, O. , Sommer, J. and Colinot, J.P., 1999, {Time, tire, measurements, forces and moments, a new standard for steady state cornering tyre testing}. EAEC Conference, Barcelona, 30 June–2 July. ]. We refer to that algorithm as the starting value optimization technique. The comparison between the optimization technique employed by TNO and the proposed IOA method is discussed in this article. In order to give a relative idea of adjustment accuracy, the sum-squared error and the mean-squared error, from the curves of the tyre model with the parameters optimized by both applications compared with test data are evaluated.
DeepLearningKit-an Open Source Deep Learning Framework for Apple’s iOS, OS X and tvOS developed in Metal and Swift

In this paper we present DeepLearningKit an open source framework that supports using pretrained deep learning models (convolutional neural networks) for iOS, OS X and tvOS. DeepLearningKit is developed in Metal in order to utilize the GPU efficiently and Swift for integration with applications, e.g. iOS-based mobile apps on iPhone/iPad, tvOS-based apps for the big screen, or OS X desktop applications. The goal is to support using deep learning models trained with popular frameworks such as Caffe, Torch, TensorFlow, Theano, Pylearn, Deeplearning4J and Mocha. Given the massive GPU resources and time required to train Deep Learning models we suggest an App Store like model to distribute and download pretrained and reusable Deep Learning models.
CHATTERING–FREE VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL

This paper deals with a chattering-free modification of the t-suboptimal position control, ie the robustified t-optimal fixed target control. We present an equivalent control approach synthesis whitch satisfies the reaching condition and eliminates the problem of discontinuous control — the high-frequency oscillations. Simulations show both fast and robust resultant overshoot free responses despite the presence of parametric disturbances.
Influence of Tannin Concentration in Ration on Fermentation Parameters of Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC): A Meta-analysis

The objective of this study was to summarize and to quantify the effects of tannin on fermentation parameters of rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) through a meta-analysis approach. Experiments reporting tannin concentration and rumen fermentation using the RUSITEC system were integrated into a database, and comprised of 6 studies and 25 treatments. Parameters recorded were nutrient digestibility, gas production, methane (CH 4) emission, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, pH, ammonia (NH 3) and microbial population (bacteria and protozoa). The analysis of the data assembled in the database was based on mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects whereas tannin concentration was treated as fixed effects. Results revealed that in vitro crude protein digestibility (CPD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) decreased linearly as the tannin concentration increased with the P-value of 0.047, 0.005 and 0.004, respectively. Comparing the magnitude of reduction in CP and fiber digestibility by the influence of tannin, the compound appeared to cause higher negative effect on CP digestibility than that of fiber as indicated by the slopes. However, the overall OMD did not significantly decrease although the slope remained negative. Methane emission tended to decrease at higher tannin concentration when expressed per unit of substrate (P=0.066) and significantly decreased when expressed per unit of total gas produced ( P=0.005). It can be concluded that tannin is a potential compound for mitigating ruminal methane emission but its use on the other hand also decrease nutrient digestibility. Research on tannin in relation to ruminant nutrition has been conducted under various experimental conditions, either in vivo (directly to the animal), in sacco (fistulated animal) or in vitro (laboratory equipment that mimic rumen fermentation). The latter method is divided into two groups, i.e. in vitro batch and in vitro continuous culture. Research synthesis of tannin effect on rumen digestion and fermentation based on in vivo and in vitro batch studies across various ruminant species has been previously performed through a meta-analytical approach (3). However, the studies based on in vitro continuous culture like in rumen simulation technique or RUSITEC (4) have not been summarized. In the present study, therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to summarize and to quantify the effects of tannin concentration on fermentation parameters of RUSITEC.
Network Traffic Feature Selection Based on the Evaluation of Every Attribute

Traffic classification is making a significant difference in network resource scheduling, safety analysis and future tendency prediction. As the essential step for machine learning based traffic classification, feature subset selection is often used to realize dimension reduction and redundant information decrease. A three-stage hybrid feature subset selection method is proposed to improve the classification performance of hybrid methods at low evaluation consumption. The proposed algorithm disposes features by the rank in the level of block and also evaluates all the remaining features that are verified as useless to take advantage of the interactions among all the features. Our theoretical analysis and experimental observations reveal that the proposed method selects feature subset with impressive classification performance on every index while depleting fewer evaluations
Preprocessing of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry Data

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon based upon the quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atoms nucleus. Thereby NMR spectroscopy is a technique to obtain physical, chemical and structural information about molecules. Recent research is focused on the analysis of small molecules, e.g. metabolites by NMR or in a combination of NMR and electro spray ionization mass spectrometry. Thereby two main directions for the analysis are the identification of different metabolites and whose quantities in NMR spectra as well as the identification of group differences e.g. in metabolite mixtures of multiple culture solutions. Here we focus on the preprocessing of NMR spectra. An initial processing workflow for NMR spectra preprocessing is presented which makes use of NMR technique specific aspects and is compared to a workflow using a standard data analysis tool. Machine Learning Reports,Research group on Computational Intelligence, http://www.uni-leipzig.de/compint Preprocessing of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry Data
Dynamic Relationship Between Macroeconomic Instability and Private Investment in the Iranian Economy

This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic instability and private investment of the Iranian economy. The study uses a trivariate VAR(2)-GARCH(1,1)-in-Mean with diagonal BEKK approach to proxied inflation and exchange rate uncertainties as the main indicators of macroeconomic instability. Moreover, Bounds testing approach to level relationship applied to investigate the long-run relationship between macroeconomic instability and private investment. By taking the structural breaks into account, results of the paper reveal that there are mean spillovers between inflation, exchange rate and private investment. There also is a negative effect of macroeconomic instability on private investment over the period of study, 1988:1-2010:4. These results support Pindyck (1982, 1988, 1991), Caballero (1991), Ferderer (1993a), Caballero and Pindyck (1996).
Importance and future of individual markers for the ecosystem approach to fisheries

The use of genetic, biochemical and electronic markers in population biology and ecology has been grow- ing tremendously during the last two decades. The first part of this paper aims at reviewing the main principles and advances of these individual markers through a few key applications on exploited marine fish populations. The second part is more prospective and investigates some possibilities that could arise in the near future through: (i) the devel- opment of new markers, (ii) the combination of different markers and (iii) the combination of quantitative approaches -whether classical or new- with individual markers. It is finally stressed how crucial individual markers will be to unravel the biocomplexity of wild fish populations and the key role they should play in the implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries.
5. STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, EMPOWERMENT, AND TEACHERS' ATTITUDE OUTCOMES

Introduction Nowadays, the nature of jobs differs from the past. Industrial and business organisations are more likely to face with competitions. These sectors need to develop the production systems, quality improvement, decrease unit cost, and increase awareness on customer needs. Also, they tend to initiate the innovation to serve this rapid growth (Kowit Kungsanan, 2006). On the other hand, in the government organisation, most of employees such as teachers and government officers have been seen as ineffective workers. This problem may due to several reasons. Teacher-working system which topdown strategies by authority commanded may cause perceived restricted control and block teachers’ initiations. Moreover, teacher salary and other benefits which are one importance to promote motivation to work efforts are quite low when compare with other professional jobs. By these reasons, they directly effect to teachers’ attitude toward their jobs such job satisfaction and job commitment. In fact, the salary promotion is more difficulty due to government system and procedures. However, another advantage way to motivate teacher efforts, apart from money, is to provide them with motivational factors through teacher involvement and new work design as empowering to perform their in-role performance. Also School’s principal and supervisors have to significantly encourage teachers’ attitudejob satisfaction and job commitment through leaders’ empowerment process. Past research found that empowerment were positively correlation with job satisfaction and performance (Hechanova, Alampay & Franco, 2006) and organisational commitment (Armstrong & Laschinger, 2006). Kanter’s theory of structural empowerment states that employees are empowered when they have access to information, support, resources, and opportunities to learn and grow in their work setting. The power is associated with autonomy and mastery, instead of domination and control. Another concept of empowerment is a psychological perspective. In this approach, empowerment was described as manifested in a set of four cognitions about workers’ orientation to work role: meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact or outcome (Spreitzer; Jahasz & Quinn, 1999). The psychological empowerment involves workers’ beliefs about the meaning of their work, their capability to do their job well, their sense of self-determination and their autonomy in influencing work outcomes (Hechanova, et al., 2006). Past research suggested that structural empowerment in the workplace resulted in higher levels of psychological empowerment. This heightened feeling of psychological empowerment strongly influenced the degree of job strain and increase job satisfaction (Laschinger et al., 2001). In the context of schools, leaders or
Hedging costs for two large investors

We consider the cost of hedging contingent claims in a financial market where the trades of two large investors can move market prices. We provide a characterization of the minimal hedging costs in terms of associated stochastic control problems. We also prove that the minimal hedging cost is a viscosity solution of a corresponding dynamic programming equation in the case of a Markov market model.
On self‐similar collapsing solutions to the kinetic equations of stellar dynamics

We discuss the application of the kinetic equations of stellar dynamics to the self‐similar collapse of a spherical cluster of stars. We extend to the Balescu‐Guernsey‐Lenard collision kernel a number of results previously established for the Landau kernel, such as the fact that the scaling properties of the equations determine completely the time‐asymptotic radial density profile of solutions that collapse in finite time (they must approach an inverse‐cube power law as collapse is completed). However, we further prove that no such solutions actually exist that either are bounded or have inverse‐power asymptotics near the center of the cluster, with the possible exception of solutions whose total energy is exactly zero. We also study the invariance properties of the orbit‐averaged Kuzmin‐Hènon‐Poisson equations under similarity transformations, and we show that in this case the exponent α in the radial density profile is not restricted to α=3 but can also take values in the Lynden‐Bell‐Eggleton range 2<α≤2.5. Thus, in the orbit‐averaged case the similarity analysis per se does not support the notion of a single, “universal” power law for the density of stars during the late stages of core collapse.
Palynology of the Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles of the Amazon fan (holes 940A, 944A, and 946a)

The composition and distribution of organic matter in sediments of the Amazon Fan during the Pleistocene glacial/interglacial sequences has been studied using samples from Holes 940A, 944A, and 946A (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 155). The results show that glacial lowstand deposits are characterized by large concentrations of a palynological assemblage composed of Andean and tropical lowland taxa, minor amounts of reworked Paleozoic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary taxa, and large volumes of organic debris (e.g., wood, vessels, epidermis, and cuticles). In general, these intervals do not contain many taxa diagnost ic for the lowland savannah areas. In all the studied sites, there is an increase of ferns, fern allies, reworked and corroded palynomorphs, and fungal spores at the time of the last glacial. Interglacial highstand deposits are instead characterized by low concentrations of the terrigenous palynological assemblage and a predominance of marine microfossils. Although no marked differences exist in the composition of the organic matter along the fan, there is a decrease in the concentration of palynomorphs from proximal (Sites 940 and 944) to distal (Site 946) sites. There is no compositional difference between the levees and the debris flow. The palynological sequences in the Amazon deep sea fan allow us to characterize the composition of the glacial/interglacial intervals and to correlate the last glacial between the different sites. Moreover, they give an indication of the distribution and concentration of palynomorphs within the fan. These palynological data give no indication of major vegetational changes in the drainage basin. If extensive savannah vegetation existed in Amazonia during the Pleistocene glacial intervals, as claimed in the refugia theory, evidence of it was either obliterated or went unrecorded in the sediments of the Amazon Fan.
Constrictive vs. distinctive familiness and the culturing of familiness capital (FamCap)

The special capacity of family firms to perform competently is termed ‘familiness’. The construct familiness refers to strategic processes in family firms, based on the unique capabilities and involvement of the family firm owners that enhance business performance. However, the culture of familiness has to be observed cautiously with both its positive (distinctive) and negative (constrictive) attributes. Only when distinctive familiness functions optimally, does it operate as ‘familiness capital’ (FamCap). As far as could be established, this review introduces the concept of FamCap for the first time as the ultimate performance of familiness. It furthermore explores the unique characteristics that could foster the cultivation of FamCap in family businesses.
Controlling environmental factors of soil enzyme activities at three altitudes on Mt. Jumbong

Soil microbes perform crucial roles in the nutrient cycles of forest ecosystems, by effecting the decomposition of organic matter. Enzyme activities have been used to evaluate decomposition rates, as well as microbial activities. The principal objectives of this study were to determine the activities of different soil enzymes, to compare enzyme activities at different elevations, and to elucidate the most important controlling variables for enzyme activities. We conducted a field survey at three sites in Mt. Jumbong on a monthly basis from May, 2004 to September, 2005. Enzyme activities did not change substantially over different seasons. However, the spatial differences were distinct; the lowest elevation site evidenced the lowest levels of enzyme activity. Soils at the lowest elevation were nutrient-depleted soils, and enzyme activities appeared to be affected by precipitation and temperature. However, enzyme activities in fertile soils at high elevations were associated with nutrients and organic matter. The enzyme activities detected in this study differed significantly at the three elevations, and their controlling variables also evidenced different factors.
Ab initio calculations of optical spectra of a chiral (4,1) carbon nanotube

We report ab initio calculations of electronic and the linear optical properties of a (4,1) chiral carbon nanotube, using the full‐potential linear augmented plane‐wave (FP‐LAPW) method. The dielectric tensor is derived within the random‐phase approximation (RPA). All optical spectra, such as: dielectric function, absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, extinction coefficient, loss function, sum rule, reflectivity, and the refractive index have been calculated for both electric field polarizations, parallel and perpendicular to the tube axis. It is revealed that the optical spectra are anisotropic along these two polarizations. For the parallel polarization, adding the intraband transition contributions, will change the optical spectra of a (4,1) nanotube significantly. The calculated optical gap, Eg, electronic dielectric constant, ε(∞), and the refractive index, n, in the parallel polarization are obtained as 2.6 eV, 1.98, and 1.4, respectively. The results show that for small diameter of SWCNTs the chirality has a strong effect on their optical spectra. Adding the intraband transition contributions showed that the dielectric function has singularity at zero frequency, due to the metallic behavior of a (4,1) chiral nanotube.
Specializing in Entrepreneurship Field of Study on Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students

Specializing in a certain field of study at university level is believed to have a direct effect to the specific graduates under consideration. It is trusted to create and bring competent professionals in the respective fields. Skepticism has always emerged on the relevance of specializing in entrepreneurship field of study; scholars and academicians question whether it will create future and competent entrepreneurs. In this regard, this study evaluated the impact of specializing in entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students. This was done by comparing students from specialization and non-specialization cohorts. This was achieved by comparing the level of enterprising tendency; intentions; and choice of intended careers of the two cohorts. A comparative-explanatory case study design was used by distributing the questionnaires to Marketing and Entrepreneurship students as (non-specialization and specialization cohorts respectively). Data from 62 respondents (i.e. response rate of 71%) were obtained. Mean, regression, independent sample tests and, ANOVA techniques were applied for data analysis. The results of the study show that students from the specialization cohort have a significant higher enterprising tendency and perceived entrepreneurial intentions than their counterparts. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial intentions, Specialization, Tanzania.