Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of sudden death in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: how high is the risk?

In 1930, Dr Louis Wolff, Sir John Parkinson, and Paul Dudley White described a case series of 11 patients with a syndrome that now bears their name.1 The first patient with a short PR interval, ventricular preexcitation, and supraventricular tachycardia was described by Cohn and Fraser in 1913.1 Wood et al postulated the accessory pathway (AP) as its anatomic substrate in 1942, and a large population series reported the prevalence of preexcitation to be 0.15% in 1962.2 Reports in 1971 and 1979 described sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome related to atrial fibrillation (AF) that was conducted rapidly over the AP with a short refractory period that deteriorated into ventricular fibrillation (VF). 3,4 The first operative ablation of an AP was performed by Sealy in 1967,1 whereas Weber and Schmitz described the first endocardial catheter ablation of an AP in 1983.1 The evolution of curative catheter ablation has clearly become the treatment of choice in the patient with substantive symptoms. A continuing controversy has been the use of this therapy in the asymptomatic or less symptomatic individual, and the central looming theme is the incidence of SCD as part of the natural history of this entity and our ability to predict it. The incidence of SCD in symptomatic patients with WPW syndrome was initially reported in the late 1960s and is estimated to be in the range of 0.25% per year, or 3% to 4% over a lifetime.5 Article see p 661 A number of risk factors for development of SCD have emerged,6 including (1) shortest preexcited RR interval (SPRRI) during AF4 and its surrogate, the antegrade effective refractory period (ERP) …
Amphotericin B‐induced injury in stored human platelets

Administration of intravenous amphotericin B is a major factor in the reduction of the recovery of transfused platelet concentrates (PCs). For the study of possible drug‐induced platelet lesions, fresh platelets and stored PCs were incubated with therapeutic concentrations of amphotericin B (10–50 micrograms/mL) and examined for membrane changes by scanning electron microscopy. Stored platelets demonstrated the formation of “pits” on the surface membrane, which were maximal immediately after preparation and gradually decreased with storage. The number of pits was significantly higher after exposure to amphotericin B. No increase was detected in fresh platelets following exposure to amphotericin B. The maximal effect of the drug was seen after 5 days of storage as PCs. Amphotericin B did not affect platelet shape or the number of pseudopodia. There was no correlation between pit formation and the pH, pO2, or pCO2 of the concentrates. Amphotericin B did not release 51Cr from prelabeled stored platelets after 2 hours' incubation at 37°C. Thus, amphotericin B appears to exacerbate a membrane lesion induced by the preparation and storage of PCs.
1 UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN SOUTH INDIA

In this study we examine the patterns and determinants of maternal health care use across different social setting in south India: in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. We use data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) carried out during 1992-93 across most states in India. The study focuses on most recent births to evermarried women that took place during the four years prior to the date of the survey. We have used logistic regression models to estimate the effect of covariates on the utilization of maternal health services viz., antenatal care, tetanus toxoid vaccine, place of delivery and assistance during delivery. The study indicates that determinants of maternal health care services are not same across states and for different maternal health care indicators. Although illiterate women were less likely to use maternal health care services; there was no difference among the educated. The level of utilization of maternal health care services was found to be highest in Tamil Nadu, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Part of the interstate differences in utilization is likely to be due to differences in availability and accessibility among the three south Indian states. It is argued that the differential in access to health care facilities between rural-urban areas is an important factor for lower utilization of maternal health care services, particularly for institutional delivery and delivery assistance by health personnel in the rural areas of the three states. Results from this study indicate that health workers might play a pivotal role in providing antenatal care in the rural areas. JEL Classification: I 10, I 11, I 19
Development of soft computing technique for classification of EEG signal

Brain Machine Interface (BMI) using EEG signal provides the direct communication pathway between the human brain and an external device. Research on Brain Computer Interface (BCI) begins in 1970s at university of California, Los Angeles. BMI allows us to manipulate computer and other machinery with our thoughts. Motor Imagery (MI) basically involves imaginations of any body part that leads to the activation of sensorimotor cortex which modulates the oscillation in EEG. BCI can be done by both Invasive and Non-invasive methods. In invasive, BCI are implanted into the gray matter of individual's brain by neurosurgery. Invasive method produce highest quality signals as they are directly lie in the gray matter. But gradually its signal strength weakens as scare-tissue build ups and as body always react to the foreign object in the brain [1]. Non-invasive BCI is preferred as it is easy to wear and do not require surgery. EEG is most studied non-invasive BCI because of its high temporal resolution and ease to use and low coast set up. Individual difference is the major issue in MI based BCI. Algorithms that can successfully overcome individual differences is to create diverse ensemble classifiers which uses sub-band common spatial pattern method (SBCSP). To aggregate the output of this ensemble, we use fuzzy integral with particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. The combination of fuzzy with PSO produces robust performance for offline classification of EEG signal.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contribute to Hepatic Maturation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Background: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are human somatic cells that have been reprogrammed to a pluripotent state. Several methods have been used to generate hepatocyte-like cells from iPSCs. However, these hepatic cells have limited clinical application because of their immature function compared to primary hepatocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to inhibit apoptosis of hepatic cells and to improve hepatic regeneration in acute liver injury. Therefore, we expected that MSCs had the potential to positively contribute to the maturation of hepatic cells. Here we demonstrate the effect of MSCs on the maturation of hepatoblasts derived from human iPSCs. Methods: MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow and cultured to 70-80% confluence. MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) was collected 48 h after culture in hepatic maturation medium. Human iPSC-derived hepatoblasts were then cultured for 6 days with MSC-CM. Hepatic functions were analyzed and compared to those from cells cultured in general maturation medium. Results: Cells in both groups had a cuboidal morphology typical of hepatocytes. The proportion of Oct4-positive cells was decreased and those of albumin- and alpha-fetoprotein-positive cells were increased in the MSC-CM group. Albumin secretion and urea synthesis as well as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity were enhanced in the MSC-CM group. The gene expressions of some CYP enzymes were upregulated as demonstrated by RT-PCR. Conclusion: Secreted molecules from human MSCs could enhance the hepatic function of human iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Although more technological innovations are needed, MSC-CM will be useful as a novel efficient strategy for clinically relevant hepatic cell maturation.
Unscented Kalman Filter for frequency and amplitude estimation

This paper introduces a new digital signal processing algorithm for frequency and amplitude estimation based on Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The results of computer simulated and realistic synthetic data tests are presented. The initial parameters used during the tests were chosen carefully using an established parameter estimation method, the Self Tuning Least Square (STLS). It is concluded that the proposed algorithm is simple, efficient and has low computational demands compare to STLS which makes the UKF a very promising method in next generation of power quality monitoring devices.
Quantification of spatial blood flow distribution in isolated canine lung.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in intact dogs and humans suggests that blood flow in the lung (Qr) is distributed so that at isogravity a large gradient in Qr exists between the core and the periphery. To confirm such findings, we injected (IV) six anesthetized healthy dogs (approximately 30 kg) with 20 mCi technetium-99m (Tc-99m)-labeled albumin macroaggregates. At injection, the dogs were in the supine position and breathing spontaneously. Injections were given at end expiration. The animals were killed and their chests opened; their lungs were removed and dissected free of other tissue, and the blood was drained. The lungs were inflated to full capacity, and warm (50 degrees C) air was blown into them for about 18 hours to dry them. The fully inflated and dry lungs were placed supine, and SPECT was performed to determine the 3-D distribution of activity. After SPECT was completed, either a coronal slice or a sagittal slice (1 cm thick) was cut and imaged directly by placing it against the gamma camera collimator for 6 minutes. The tomographic images of flow distribution in coronal slices (isogravity) revealed that independent of gravity, Qr in the central region of the lungs was greater than that in the periphery. Furthermore, the central-peripheral gradient was discernible within the individual lobes. The direct images of slice confirmed these findings. Tomographic images of sagittal slices showed that heterogeneities in Qr in the vertical (direction of gravity) and horizontal direction (isogravity) were comparable. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exposure to Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cis-Platinum Alters Rat Sperm Chromatin Integrity and Sperm Head Protein Profile1

ABSTRACT Testicular cancer, currently the most common cancer affecting men of reproductive age, is one of the most curable malignancies due to the progress made in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of this disease. The coadministration of bleomycin, etoposide, and cis-platinum (BEP) has brought the 5-yr survival rate of testis cancer patients to over 90%. However, this treatment results in reproductive chemotoxic effects. We assessed the effect of BEP treatment on sperm chromatin integrity and sperm head protein profiles of adult male Brown Norway rats following 9 wk of treatment with BEP and in animals treated for 9 wk and then subjected to a 9-wk recovery period. Both the susceptibility of DNA to denaturation and the number of strand breaks were significantly increased in mature sperm following 9 wk of treatment with BEP; proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of several proteins, including HSP90AA1 and HSP90B1, was markedly affected. Following a 9-wk recovery period, mature sperm did not show significant DNA damage, indicating that repair had potentially occurred. Interestingly, the protamination level of the sperm of these animals was significantly decreased, while histones HIST1H1D (H1.2), HIST1H4B (H4), HIST2H2AA3 (H2A1), and HIST1H2BA (H2B1A) were concomitantly up-regulated; this was not observed in the sperm immediately following 9 wk of treatment. Thus, there are persistent effects on proteins in sperm heads from the cauda epididymidis 9 wk posttreatment, in the absence of DNA strand breaks. We suggest that these effects on the sperm head proteome may contribute to long-lasting adverse effects in the progeny of BEP-exposed males.
Unification-based constraints for statistical machine translation

Morphology and syntax have both received attention in statistical machine translation research, but they are usually treated independently and the historical emphasis on translation into English has meant that many morphosyntactic issues remain underresearched. Languages with richer morphologies pose additional problems and conventional approaches tend to perform poorly when either source or target language has rich morphology. In both computational and theoretical linguistics, feature structures together with the associated operation of unification have proven a powerful tool for modelling many morphosyntactic aspects of natural language. In this thesis, we propose a framework that extends a state-of-the-art syntax-based model with a feature structure lexicon and unification-based constraints on the target-side of the synchronous grammar. Whilst our framework is language-independent, we focus on problems in the translation of English to German, a language pair that has a high degree of syntactic reordering and rich target-side morphology. We first apply our approach to modelling agreement and case government phenomena. We use the lexicon to link surface form words with grammatical feature values, such as case, gender, and number, and we use constraints to enforce feature value identity for the words in agreement and government relations. We demonstrate improvements in translation quality of up to 0.5 BLEU over a strong baseline model. We then examine verbal complex production, another aspect of translation that requires the coordination of linguistic features over multiple words, often with longrange discontinuities. We develop a feature structure representation of verbal complex types, using constraint failure as an indicator of translation error and use this to automatically identify and quantify errors that occur in our baseline system. A manual analysis and classification of errors informs an extended version of the model that incorporates information derived from a parse of the source. We identify clause spans and use model features to encourage the generation of complete verbal complex types. We are able to improve accuracy as measured using precision and recall against values extracted from the reference test sets. Our framework allows for the incorporation of rich linguistic information and we present sketches of further applications that could be explored in future work.
Latent herpesvirus infection augments experimental pulmonary fibrosis.

RATIONALE No effective treatment exists for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence implicates herpesviruses as cofactors (either initiating or exacerbating agents) of fibrotic lung disease, but a role for latent herpesvirus infection has not been studied. OBJECTIVES To develop a murine model to determine whether latent herpesvirus infection can augment fibrotic responses and to gain insight into potential mechanisms of enhanced fibrogenesis. METHODS Mice were infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 14 to 70 days before a fibrotic challenge with fluorescein isothiocyanate or bleomycin so that the virus was latent at the time of fibrotic challenge. Measurements were made after viral infection alone or after the establishment of fibrosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS gammaHerpesvirus is latent by 14 days post infection, and infection 14 to 70 days before fibrotic challenge augmented fibrosis. Fibrotic augmentation was not dependent on reactivation of the latent virus to a lytic state. Total cell numbers and fibrocyte numbers were increased in the lungs of latently infected mice administered fibrotic challenge compared with mock-infected mice that received fibrotic challenge. Latent infection up-regulates expression of proinflammatory chemokines, transforming growth factor-beta1, and cysteinyl leukotrienes in alveolar epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Latent gammaherpesvirus infection augments subsequent fibrotic responses in mice. Enhanced fibrosis is associated with the induction of profibrotic factors and the recruitment of fibrocytes. Our data complement existing human and animal data supporting the hypothesis that gammaherpesviruses can serve as initiating cofactors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
c‐Abl tyrosine kinase regulates neutrophil crawling behavior under fluid shear stress via Rac/PAK/LIMK/cofilin signaling axis

The excessive recruitment and improper activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) often induces serious injury of host tissues, leading to inflammatory disorders. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanism on neutrophil recruitment possesses essential pathological and physiological importance. In this study, we found that physiological shear stress induces c‐Abl kinase activation in neutrophils, and c‐Abl kinase inhibitor impaired neutrophil crawling behavior on ICAM‐1. We further identified Vav1 was a downstream effector phosphorylated at Y174 and Y267. Once activated, c‐Abl kinase regulated the activity of Vav1, which further affected Rac1/PAK1/LIMK1/cofilin signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate a novel signaling function and critical role of c‐Abl kinase during neutrophil crawling under physiological shear by regulating Vav1. These findings provide a promising treatment strategy for inflammation‐related disease by inactivation of c‐Abl kinase to restrict neutrophil recruitment.
Tratamiento endoscópico de las afecciones obstructivas no litiásicas de la vía biliar principal; resultados en una serie de 1455 casos

Introducción: Las obstrucciones no litiásicas de la vía biliar principal constituyen una elevada demanda en la realización de colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE). Objetivos: Identiicar las causas, morbilidad y mortalidad en el tratamiento endoscópico mediante CPRE, realizadas en nuestra institución. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo sobre un análisis de 1455 CPRE. Se compararon grupos de edad, sexo, antecedentes personales, presentaciones clínicas, indicaciones, tratamiento endoscópico y complicaciones durante la realización del proceder. Los datos fueron analizados mediante SPSS 11.0 y Epidat 3.0 Abstract
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor with Pulmonary Metastasis

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is rare but is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is usually arises from the stomach and small intestine. We present a case of GIST treated with surgery and adjuvant imatinib mesylate for pulmonary metastasis.
Structural Basis for WDR5 Interaction (Win) Motif Recognition in Human SET1 Family Histone Methyltransferases*

Background: The WDR5 interaction (Win) motif of mixed lineage leukemia-1 (MLL1) is required for core complex assembly. Results: Win motifs from human SET1 family methyltransferases differ 70-fold in their specificity for WDR5. Conclusion: Residue differences around the conserved Win motif contribute to differences in affinity. Significance: Knowledge of WDR5 recognition of SET1 Win motifs is crucial for understanding regulation of H3K4 methylation in cells. Translocations and amplifications of the mixed lineage leukemia-1 (MLL1) gene are associated with aggressive myeloid and lymphocytic leukemias in humans. MLL1 is a member of the SET1 family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases, which are required for transcription of genes involved in hematopoiesis and development. MLL1 associates with a subcomplex containing WDR5, RbBP5, Ash2L, and DPY-30 (WRAD), which together form the MLL1 core complex that is required for sequential mono- and dimethylation of H3K4. We previously demonstrated that WDR5 binds the conserved WDR5 interaction (Win) motif of MLL1 in vitro, an interaction that is required for the H3K4 dimethylation activity of the MLL1 core complex. In this investigation, we demonstrate that arginine 3765 of the MLL1 Win motif is required to co-immunoprecipitate WRAD from mammalian cells, suggesting that the WDR5-Win motif interaction is important for the assembly of the MLL1 core complex in vivo. We also demonstrate that peptides that mimic SET1 family Win motif sequences inhibit H3K4 dimethylation by the MLL1 core complex with varying degrees of efficiency. To understand the structural basis for these differences, we determined structures of WDR5 bound to six different naturally occurring Win motif sequences at resolutions ranging from 1.9 to 1.2 Å. Our results reveal that binding energy differences result from interactions between non-conserved residues C-terminal to the Win motif and to a lesser extent from subtle variation of residues within the Win motif. These results highlight a new class of methylation inhibitors that may be useful for the treatment of MLL1-related malignancies.
Ontology-Based Information Extraction on PubMed abstracts using the OMIT ontology to discover inconsistencies

Scientific progress, at its core, is about constant change. Progress is brought about by introducing new findings where there were none, altering previously established knowledge, and in some cases, deconstructing prior knowledge to replace it with new findings. This process happens, generally, through scientific publications; in journals, at conferences, at workshops, in articles. Thus it is possible to analyze these documents and see how knowledge would change with time. This study accomplishes said task in the domain of MicroRNA which is a subdomain of Medical Science. Research paper abstracts are taken from an online medical research database and are analyzed to notice any changes in paradigms, ideas or claims.
Chance Fracture After Pedicle Screw Fixation: A Case Report

Study Design. A case of a Chance fracture through an instrumented pedicle is presented. The radiographic and intraoperative findings and management of this complication are reported. Objective. To increase awareness of the complications of transpedicular screw fixation and to suggest a form of management of this unusual complication. Summary of Background Data. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of such a vertebral fracture occurring after pedicle screw fixation. Methods. A 44‐year‐old man with athetoid cerebral palsy and a progressive thoracic kyphosis sustained a Chance fracture at the caudal end of the segmental instrumentation construct. Results. Surgical intervention, including fracture reduction and extension of the instrumented fusion to the pelvis, provided effective restoration of physiologic sagittal alignment. Conclusion. Chance fracture after pedicle screw fixation can be successfully managed with surgical intervention.
Depressed perivascular sensory innervation of mouse mesenteric arteries with advanced age

The dilatory role for sensory innervation of mesenteric arteries (MAs) is impaired in Old (∼24 months) versus Young (∼4 months) mice. We investigated the nature of this impairment in isolated pressurized MAs. With perivascular sensory nerve stimulation, dilatation and inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction observed in Young MAs were lost in Old MAs along with impaired dilatation to calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). Inhibiting NO and prostaglandin synthesis increased CGRP EC50 in Young and Old MAs. Endothelial denudation attenuated dilatation to CGRP in Old MAs yet enhanced dilatation to CGRP in Young MAs while abolishing all dilatations to ACh. In Old MAs, sensory nerve density was reduced and RAMP1 (CGRP receptor component) associated with nuclear regions of endothelial cells in a manner not seen in Young MAs or in smooth muscle cells of either age. With advanced age, loss of dilatory signalling mediated through perivascular sensory nerves may compromise perfusion of visceral organs.