Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Indonesia

Overweight and obesity are becoming serious issues in many developing countries. Since undernutrition is not completely eradicated yet, these countries face a dual burden that obstructs economic development. We analyze the nutrition transition in Indonesia using longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family and Life Survey, covering the period between 1993 and 2007. Obesity has been increasing remarkably across all population groups, including rural and low income strata. Prevalence rates are particularly high for women. We also develop a framework to analyze direct and indirect determinants of body mass index. This differentiation has rarely been made in previous research, but appears useful for policy making purposes. Regression models show that changing food consumption patterns coupled with decreasing physical activity levels during work and leisure time directly contribute to increasing obesity. Education, income, and marital status are significant determinants that influence nutritional status more indirectly. Change regressions underline that there are important path-dependencies. From a policy perspective, nutrition awareness and education campaigns, combined with programs to support leisure time exercise, seem to be most promising to contain the obesity pandemic. Women should be at the center of policy attention.
The effects of different irrigation solutions on the bond strength of cemented fiber posts

Objective To study effect of root canal irrigant solutions on the bond strength of cemented fiber posts, and resin cement-tags in root canal dentin. Materials and methods Fifty-two human single-rooted anterior teeth were selected and stored in 1% sodium azide. Crowns were sectioned 2 mm incisal to the cemento enamel junction with diamond bur at high speed under water-cooling. After standard root canal treatment to tested teeth, they were randomly assigned into four groups (n=13) corresponding to the endodontic irrigant solution that was used during post space preparation. The treatment groups were: Group 1: 6.15% sodium hypochlorite; Group 2: 17% EDTA; Group 3: 6.15% NaOCl +17% EDTA; Group 4: 6.15% NaOCl +0.12% chlorhexidine solution. Parallel-sided fiber posts were used for all specimens. Samples were embedded in a cylindrical PVC mounting jig to facilitate perpendicular sectioning. With low speed diamond saw, cervical and apical specimens from each tooth were obtained and subjected to push-out test using universal testing machine. SEM was used to examine the root-canal dentin surface. Results Statistical analysis revealed significant difference among the groups at P<0.05. Group 2 treated with EDTA, had the highest bond strength; 18.63±2.85 MPa in cervical specimens and 13.49±3.67 MPa in apical specimens. The cervical specimens of Groups 2 and 3 were significantly different than the apical specimens in the same group. Adhesive failure between cement and dentin was the main failure mode observed in all groups. Groups irrigated with EDTA showed cleaner dentin surface and better resin tag formation, while groups treated with NaOCl showed less resin tag formation and insufficient smear layer removal. Conclusion NaOCl had adverse effect on bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to radicular dentin. EDTA irrigant solution produced higher bond strength and was more effective in removing smear layer than NaOCl.
Spatial Modulation Concept for Massive Multiuser MIMO Systems

This paper presents the concept of spatial modulation (SM) scheme for massive multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) system. We consider a MU-MIMO system where users, each equipped with multiple antennas, are jointly serviced by a multiantenna base station transmitter (BSTx) using appropriate precoding scheme at the BSTx. The main idea introduced here is the utilization of the user’s subchannel index corresponding to the precoding matrix used at the BSTx, to convey extra useful information. This idea has not been explored, and it provides significant throughput enhancements in a multiuser system with large number of users. We examine the performance of the proposed scheme by numerical simulations. The results show that as the number of users and the receiving antennas for each user increase, the overall system throughput gets better, albeit at the cost of some degradation in the BER performance due to interantenna interference (IAI) experienced at the receiver. We then explore zero-padding approach that helps to remove these IAI, in order to alleviate the BER degradations.
THE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE OF COOPERATIVE NETWORKS – THE GENOLYPTUS CASE

Cooperative networks constitute a critical unit of analysis in the context of innovation. Despite this, networks are complex to manage successfully. Some of the difficulties pointed out by authors are associated with the lack of specific management tools, problems related to governance, as well as asymmetries in terms of objectives. The present case study seeks to contribute to this debate by examining the governance and the tools used by the Genolyptus Network. The study demonstrates the importance of this structure and the need for regular investments in its development. The analysis shows that the governance structure is influenced by, the partners’ experience, the types of knowledge and the context where the network is inserted. The case highlights the importance of learning during the process, but, although present, it can be negatively influenced by the context and the possibility of future partnerships.
Understanding abusive web resources: characteristics and counter-measures of malicious web resources and cryptocurrency mining

Web security is a big concern in the current Internet; users may visit websites that automatically download malicious codes for leaking user's privacy information, or even mildly their web browser may help for someone's cryptomining. In this paper, we analyze abusive web resources (i.e. malicious resources and cryptomining) crawled from the Alexa Top 150,000 sites. We highlight the abusive web resources on Alexa ranking, TLD usage, website geolocation, and domain lifetime. Our results show that abusive resources are spread in the Alexa ranking, websites particularly generic Top Level Domain (TLD) and their recently registered domains. In addition, websites with malicious resources are mainly located in China while cryptomining is located in USA. We further evaluate possible counter-measures against abusive web resources. We observe that ad or privacy block lists are ineffective to block against malicious resources while coin-blocking lists are powerful enough to mitigate in-browser cryptomining. Our observations shed light on a little studied, yet important, aspect of abusive resources, and can help increase user awareness about the malicious resources and drive-by mining on web browsers.
Influence of turmeric rhizome and black pepper on blood constituents and performance of broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) and black pepper (BP) on blood components and performance of male broiler chickens. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of TRP (0 and 0.5 g/kg) and three levels of BP (0, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) were used to provide six dietary treatments. Each diet was randomly fed to four groups of 12 chicks each, and performance and hematological criteria were measured. The results showed that weekly body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers were not influenced by TRP. The addition of 0.5 g TRP to diet significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, but did not affect aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and concentration of low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum. Serum chloride and total electrolyte balance significantly decreased by TRP, whereas sodium and potassium concentrations were unchanged. Supplementation of diet with 1 g BP significantly reduced FCR in the first week; however, this pronounced effect was not observed in the later weeks. The BWG and FI were not influenced by BP. Even though, the serum metabolites such as LDL, HDL, cholesterol, electrolytes and activity of AST, ALT and LDH enzymes were not influenced by the addition of BP to diet, serum triglycerides significantly reduced in birds fed diet containing 1 g BP as compared to those fed control diet. There was no significant interaction between TRP and BP on blood metabolites and performance of male broiler chickens.
Predation, sensitivity, and sex: why female black rhinoceroses outlive males

Among sexually dimorphic, polygynoui mammals, adult females tend to outlive males and respond more strongly to predators than males. We asked whether a monomorphic, polygynous species virtually immune to predation due to large size (black rhinoceros, Diceros bicomis) conforms to this pattern. Data on 193 interactions with lions (Panthera Uo) and spotted hyenas (Crvcuta Croatia) in two nonhabituated populations in Namibia studied from 1991 to 1993 revealed that: (1) females were more vigilant or aggressive than males to either of the potential predators; and (2) whether solitary or with calves, females attacked more often than males. Although solitary females tended to be more aggressive to lions than to hyenas, neither females with calves or males seemed to discriminate between the two carnivores. We also simulated the behavior of human predators (poachers) during 69 encounters with rhinoceroses. While both sexes abandoned local sites because of our presence, females ran farther than males, covering up to 40 km in a day. These findings implicate a behavioral mechanism to explain why secondary sex ratios favor females— males are more prone to human predation, a prediction consistent with data from 12 populations throughout Africa. Black rhinoceroses appear to be an unanticipated exception to the well-established pattern of male-biased mortality in polygynous mammals; in the absence of intense human predation (a recent event), male mortality fails to exceed that of females, suggesting that intrasexual competition in a polygynous mammal may not be the primary cause of unbalanced secondary sex ratios. Our results on the causes of sex differences in mortality and in responsiveness to different predators reinforce the relevance of behavioral ecology to conservation; such information is necessary for planning how best to minimize negative human influences on the few remaining wild African rhinos. Key xvords: conservation, endangered species, lion, monomorphism, mortality, rhinoceros, sexual selection, spotted hyena. [Behav Ecol 6:57-64 (1995)] Joel Berger Cl f i Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA
Towards a finite-time singularity of the Navier–Stokes equations Part 1. Derivation and analysis of dynamical system

The evolution towards a finite-time singularity of the Navier–Stokes equations for flow of an incompressible fluid of kinematic viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is studied, starting from a finite-energy configuration of two vortex rings of circulation $\pm \unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ and radius $R$ , symmetrically placed on two planes at angles $\pm \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ to a plane of symmetry $x=0$ . The minimum separation of the vortices, $2s$ , and the scale of the core cross-section, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ , are supposed to satisfy the initial inequalities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\ll s\ll R$ , and the vortex Reynolds number $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is supposed very large. It is argued that in the subsequent evolution, the behaviour near the points of closest approach of the vortices (the ‘tipping points’) is determined solely by the curvature $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F})$ at the tipping points and by $s(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F})$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F})$ , where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}=(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}/R^{2})t$ is a dimensionless time variable. The Biot–Savart law is used to obtain analytical expressions for the rate of change of these three variables, and a nonlinear dynamical system relating them is thereby obtained. The solution shows a finite-time singularity, but the Biot–Savart law breaks down just before this singularity is realised, when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}s$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/\! s$ become of order unity. The dynamical system admits ‘partial Leray scaling’ of just $s$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ , and ultimately full Leray scaling of $s,\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ , conditions for which are obtained. The tipping point trajectories are determined; these meet at the singularity point at a finite angle. An alternative model is briefly considered, in which the initial vortices are ovoidal in shape, approximately hyperbolic near the tipping points, for which there is no restriction on the initial value of the parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ ; however, it is still the circles of curvature at the tipping points that determine the local evolution, so the same dynamical system is obtained, with breakdown again of the Biot–Savart approach just before the incipient singularity is realised. The Euler flow situation ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}=0$ ) is considered, and it is conjectured on the basis of the above dynamical system that a finite-time singularity can indeed occur in this case.
6-1-2011 A general theorem for portfolio generating functions

In the present work, we show that dynamic equity portfolios can be generated by positive continuously differentiable functions of both the original and the ranked capitalization weights of an equity market. The return on these portfolios relative to the market is given by a stochastic differential equation and is expressed in terms of the logarithmic change in the value of the generating function, and a drift process that is of bounded variation.
Separation of 2 AA-Labeled N-Linked Glycans from Glycoproteins on a High Resolution Mixed-Mode Column

This application note demonstrates the separation of 2AA-labeled N-linked glycans released from bovine fetuin using a reversed-phase / weak anion-exchange mixed-mode column (Thermo ScientificTM GlycanPacTM AXR-1, 1.9 μm, 150 × 2.1 mm) with fluorescence detection. The method exhibits excellent separation of glycans based on charge, isomeric structure and size. Various HPLC separation modes have been developed for glycan analyses, including normal phase or hydrophilic interaction (HILIC), ion-exchange, and reversed-phase (RP) [4]. Because glycans are very hydrophilic (polar), a common separation mode employs amide-HILIC columns; as exemplified by the Thermo ScientificTM AccucoreTM 150-Amide-HILIC column, that resolves glycans by hydrogen-bonding, producing a size and composition-based separation. Amide-HILIC columns are particularly useful for the separation of 2-aminobenzamide-(2AB) labeled N-linked glycans released from antibodies, for example MAbs, in which the majority of glycans harbor no charge. However, amideHILIC columns do not provide adequate separations where glycans that harbor 2 or more charge states are present (e.g., neutral and sialylated glycans) because glycan isoforms with different charge states co-elute in the separation envelope.
Lumbar spinal stenosis: an update on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common spinal disorder in the older population, and the clinical syndrome consisting of pain in the buttock or lower extremity, with or without low back pain and corresponding imaging findings of narrowing of spaces around neural and vascular elements in the lumbar spine. The diagnosis depends on history, symptoms, physical examination, radiographies. Varieties of non-operative and operative options are available for LSS patients. In this article, an update on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of LSS was reviewed.
Kindergarten Childrens’ Emotions, Feeling of Task-Difficulty and Ability Self-Perceptions Before and After Performing an Unfamiliar Domino

This study, being involved in unfamiliar domino for the participating kindergarten children, aimed to examine (a) children’s experienced emotions, ability self-perceptions and perceptions of task-difficulty in pre domino performance condition and in post domino performance condition, (b) the effects of students’ ability self-perceptions and perceptions of task-difficulty on their experienced emotions in pre- and post- domino performance condition, and (c) the role of children’s ability beliefs and feeling of task- difficulty in the impact of the emotions on domino performance. The participants were 180 kindergarten students, 96 girls and 84 boys, age from 69 to 73 months, and they came from 25 classrooms. The results revealed (a) the variability of the intensity of the emotions within and between the pre- and post- domino performance, (b) children felt better in post- than in pre- domino performance, particularly in self-, task- and future activity- related emotions, (c) student estimated their ability as higher in post- than in pre- domino performance, while the pattern was reverse with respect to perceived domino-difficulty, (d) ability self-perceptions, compared to feeling of difficulty, was a more powerful formulator of most the emotions, particularly in pre- domino performance, and (e) the students’ pre- performance emotions, perceived task- difficulty, and, mainly, ability beliefs influenced their domino performance, while the feeling of difficulty and, particularly, ability beliefs enhanced the impact of the emotions on domino performance. The findings are discussed with respect to their applications in children development and education, and to future research.
Factors Affecting Oxygen Uptake by Yeast Issatchenkia orientalis as Microbial Feed Additive for Ruminants

The objective of this work was to evaluate a thermotolerant yeast Issatchenkia orientalis DY252 as a microbial feed additive for ruminants. In the present study, the influence of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and temperature on oxygen uptake rate by I. orientalis DY 252 was investigated. It was evident that the oxygen uptake rate was decreased gradually as the VFA concentrations increased in a range of 30 to 120 mM. Although the oxygen uptake rate was not greatly affected by temperature in the range 37 to 43°C, a maximum value of 0.45 mg O2/g cell/ min was obtained at 39°C. With regard to the oxygen uptake rate by yeast, viability was found to be less important than the metabolic activity of yeast. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 7 : 1011-1014)
On tensor products of quasi-Banach spaces

Due to applications in approximation theory we are interested in tensor products of quasiBanach spaces. Though a general abstract theory seems not possible beyond basic topological issues because the dual spaces are possibly trivial, we aim at extending some basic notions like crossnorms, reasonable and uniform norms. In the present paper this is done for quasiBanach spaces with separating duals, and this condition turns out to be the (in a certain sense) minimal requirement. Moreover, we study extensions of the classical injective and pnuclear tensor norms to quasi-Banach spaces. In particular, we give a sufficient condition for the p-nuclear quasi-norms to be crossnorms, which particularly applies to the case of weighted ! p-sequence spaces. AMS subject classification (2010): 46A32, 46B28, 46F05, 46M05
Prevalence of goat's subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase negative Staphylococci spp . in Al-Diwanyia province.

The study was carried out in Al-Diwanyia province . Two hundred and seventy four milk samples from both udder halves of 137 clinically health ,local breed does were collected and examined by california mastitis test , somatic cells counting , and bacteriological culture on Staphylococcal selective media.The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in does was 29.92% ,the percentage infection in one udder half was 21.29% and 38.54% in both udder halves. The percentage of affection of left half was 48.2% ,while the right halves give the percentage of 51.8%, with no significant difference.A total of 274 milk samples,73 samples were showed positive reaction to california mastitis test ,and according to CMT scoring, the highest percentage was score 2,which was reached 47.94% ,while the lowest one was score 4,which was reached 10.95%,while the mean somatic cells count was 1.2 × 10 6 and 2.15× 10 6 cell/ml ,respectively.Out of 73 milk samples positive for chemical tests (CMT & SCC),the coagulase negative Staphylococci spp. was isolated from 53 samples (72.60%) ,while the coagulase positive Staphylococci spp . was isolated from 17 samples (23.28%). Only 3 samples were showed no bacterial growth on staphylococcal
Pesticide Residues in Buffalo and Human Breast Milk of Vegetables and Fruits Farming Community at Northern of Delta in Egypt

This study was carried out to determine the potential occurrence of pesticide residues in the milk of buffalo and women, which exists in vegetables and fruits farming community in Rosetta region Northern of Delta, Egypt. Milk samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector. Halogenated pesticides were selected includes: 1- Organochlorines; Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (a, s, ? -HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p, p' – DDT) and its degradates; p, p'-DDD and DDE, and cyclodiene compounds; Aldrin, dieldrin and endrin. 2- Organophosphorous pesticides; Chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl and profenofos. 3- Pyrethroids; Cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. The tested organochlorine pesticides were detected in most of the samples analyzed at lower frequencies and levels ranged from 2.38 to 3.57 µg/kg in buffalo than of human milk (2.4-5.78 µg/kg). Whereas organophosphorous and pyrethroids found at high predominance of frequencies among all the tested compounds in the buffalo milk than in human milk analyzed. Generally, all samples were positive for at least one of the pesticides; Chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, methyl, profenfos or cypermethrin with mean levels ranged from 1.9 to 5.14 µg/kg of the two milk types, except lambdacyhalothrin at below detection limit in all human breast milk samples. Statistically, significant difference and correlation of organochlorines levels (but no significant difference or correlation for organophosphorous and pyrethroids) were found between the two types of milk investigated. The data available for estimation of daily intakes (ADIs) and extraneous and maximum residue limits (ERLs & MRLs) revealed that these compounds were found to be lower than the safety thresholds level. Results of this study indicated that in spite of the banning much of organochlorine pesticides (rather than the currently applied (e.g., organophosphorous and pyrethroid pesticides), still contaminating the food stuffs, particularly milk.
Restoring the natural smile with minimal intervention

Objective: Depending on the degree of saturation and time that pigments have been in the dental tissue, teeth with severe color change may have a poor prognosis for bleaching treatment. Case Report: In the reported case, after a careful clinical history and evaluation of clinical case a conservative treatment with composite resin restoration was carried out on superior central incisor with severe darkening. Direct composite resins with different opacity and translucency in association with resin pigments and a conservative technique were used guaranteeing a minimal intervention and giving a natural aspect to the tooth. The use of pigments made possible less wear of dental structure for insertion of the composite resin, mimetizing the restored tooth with the corresponding teeth. Conclusion: It was concluded that in some cases where indirect restorations would be indicated, when different kinds of dental materials and techniques are applied, direct restorative treatment would be a great option for esthetic restorations.