Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facial tracking based camera motion control system

Camera Motion Control System is required in security and human movement monitoring. This can be applied in bank, office, immigration point, children nursery, hospital and physical training center. The existing system is however using some cameras or single camera with only horizontal motion. Moreover, it is high cost and cannot be implemented for low cost usage. In order to enable the low cost online camera motion system with acceptable video quality. A novel smart facial tracking base camera motion control system has been developed. The system consists of webcam, 2-D servo motor, microcontroller and computer. We applied Haar-Like feature and Camshift for tracking algorithm for face detection and fuzzy logic to control the motion of camera. Mircrosoft Visual C-Sharp and Intel open source library OpenCV are used to implement the algorithm for face detection and motion control. Test result shows the system is able to capture the video with horizontal rotation angle -75 to 75 degree and vertical rotation angle -35 to 35 degree with maximum rotation speed 45 degree per second for both rotations. This enables implementation of low-cost smart doll head movement system, to monitor and capture special children video during gross motor assessment and training.
Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English

Preface 1. Some preliminary considerations 2. Past work on prosodic features 3. Voice-quality and sound attributes in prosodic study 4. The prosodic features of English 5. The intonation system of English 6. The grammar of intonation 7. The semantics of intonation Bibliography Index of persons Index of subjects.
Rollover prevention for heavy trucks using frequency shaped sliding mode control

Control and handling of heavy commercial vehicles carrying liquid cargo are influenced by moving liquid within the partially filled tank. During steering and braking maneuvering tasks, truck may exhibit unstable behavior at lateral acceleration levels of 0.3 g to 0.4 g [m/sec/sup 2/]. The fluid slosh forces and dynamic load transfer in lateral and longitudinal directions and parameter variations, uncertainties caused by the moving liquid cargo affect the overall dynamics of the vehicle. The frequency shaped backstepping sliding mode algorithm, proposed by Acarman and Ozguner (2002), is designed to stabilize and attenuate the sloshing effects of the moving cargo by properly choosing the crossover frequencies of the dynamic compensators in accordance with the fundamental frequencies of the slosh dynamics.
A Review on Cloud Storage Performance to Improve File Accessing Efficiency

Cloud storage is a type of service in which data is placed, maintained and backed up at remote site. Cloud Storage provides various features like usability, accessibility, disaster recovery and saving of cost. In cloud storage multiple users and devices are present that result in cloud network manager can not give guarantee for optimal status of each storage node. Also some files are re-uploaded into server that decreases the bandwidth and increases the server workload. So, to remove the redundant or duplicate copies De-Duplication technique is used in cloud storage. To optimize the transmission node performance the Index Name Server (INS) architecture is used. Beside from this file compression, chunk matching, real time feedback control and load balancing techniques are also discussed. Using these techniques the cloud storage performance increases also the storage workload is reduced. Keywords— Cloud storage; De-Duplication; Index Name Server (INS);
Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models

Online handwriting recognition of Arabic script is a difficult problem since it is naturally both cursive and unconstrained. The analysis of Arabic script is further complicated in comparison to Latin script due to obligatory dots/stokes that are placed above or below most letters. This paper introduces a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based system to provide solutions for most of the difficulties inherent in recognizing Arabic script including: letter connectivity, position-dependent letter shaping, and delayed strokes. This is the first HMM-based solution to online Arabic handwriting recognition. We report successful results for writerdependent and writer-independent word recognition.
Influence of monitor characteristics on the signals detection present in the mammographic phantom image

The objective of this study was to compare the detection of microcalcifications and fibers on phantom images based on monitor readings versus analog image readings. 180 films were obtained with 3 different mammographic equipment under different exposure conditions and digitized using the Lumiscan75 scanner. It was used the ALVIM statistical phantom (4,5cm) and 2 acrylic plates of 1cm (6,5cm) over it. The software named QualIM was developed to manager the images and the database which storages the specialist's readings allowing them digital tools manipulation. The images were displayed on 4 monitors: CRT Philips 19" (2,9Mpixels/8bits), CRT Philips 22" (3,0Mpixels/8bits), LCD Clinton (3,0Mpixels/10bits) and LCD Barco (5,0Mpixels/14bits). The same images group was also displayed on the appropriated view box to mammograms (3200cd/m2) and the readings performance was taken as reference parameter. The software generates on real time Kappa values to microcalcifications and fibers detection, histogram, ROC curve and true/false positive parameters. Barco monitor readings produced superior results when compared with all the others suggesting that there weren't losses in the digitalizing process. Clinton monitor readings were similar the view box results and superior on both Philips monitors when compared the detection of objects on phantom images (6,5cm). The specialist performance results using Philips 22" were only comparable to view box and Clinton for images of 4,5cm. It was possible to verify that the monitors' spatial and contrast resolutions have influenced on the readings performance of specialists, suggesting these characteristics are relevant at lesions detection performance in mammographic exams.
Decentralized Authorization for Web Services

Web Services is an area that encountered a very sudden and huge explosion on its popularity during the latest years. The advantages Web Services provide compared to traditional distributed computing methods such as Remote Procedure Calls and Distributed Objects were found to be very appealing by researchers and users and this lead to a huge development effort resulting in the creation of many standards and specifications in a rather short period of time. This fact made a lot of security experts to believe that the supporters of Web Services had not given the appropriate consideration on the security aspects of their use. Many analysts showed that the security risks were numerous from such a rapid development without the appropriate attention on security. The response from the Web Services community was the creation of many Workgroups that concentrated their efforts in providing common security mechanisms to Web Services. This dissertation investigates a different approach to Web Services security. We focus on distributed authorization and access control for the development of a security system for Web Services. The result is WebAETHER which is a trust management system for Web Services based on the AETHER system that was originally designed for use in a ubiquitous environment. The system is relies on current technologies for the implementation of the Web Service used and is composed by the Web Service and the extra layer that provides the AETHER core functionality. This approach makes the evaluation of this effort easy and comparable to current solutions in the field of Web Services security. The implemented Web Service is a file sharing application. The implementation results are 2014.54 milliseconds average time for the transfer of a 10.4 megabytes file that was used in the Web Service and the average overhead from the inference engine was found to be 6%.
Eartoy : interactions ludiques par l'audition

Bien que le monde du son ait evolue de concert avec les progres technologiques, le monde des images semble dominer notre perception. Par exemple, la realite virtuelle (RV) est bien souvent la metaphore inconsciente d’une realite virtuelle visuelle, et les applications de RV, qu’elles relevent du jeu, de l’apprentissage ou meme de l’art, s’adressent principalement a la vision. On sait l’importance des notions d’espace et d’interaction pour promouvoir la sensation de presence dans des environnements virtuels. Cependant, peu de travaux s’attachent a exploiter le potentiel fourni par les stimulations virtuelles s’adressant au systeme auditif de l’utilisateur. Nous presentons ici le projet EarToy, dont l’objectif vise a mettre a jour les liens existant entre audition et action, afin de construire des systemes immersifs et interactifs bases sur la perception auditive.
Visualisation de champs de vecteurs bidimentionnels à base de streamlines

Les champs de vecteurs sont couramment utilises en science et en ingenierie car ils permettent de coder des phenomenes physiques tels que l'ecoulement des fluides, les champs electromagnetiques ou acoustiques, ou le comportement des systemes dynamiques. Une maniere de comprendre ces phenomenes est de generer des representations visuelles des champs de vecteurs afin de reveler leur information directionnelle, la position des ���� points critiques » et leur evolution temporelle. Nos travaux concernent la visualisation de champs de vecteurs bidimensionnels et nous proposons de nouvelles methodes pour la representation de telles structures par des ensembles de streamlines, ligne tangentes aux vecteurs en tout point. En particulier nous montrons comment organiser de tels ensembles afin d'obtenir les meilleurs resultats visuels ainsi que leur utilisation pour l'animation de champs de vecteurs stationnaires ou non. Une premiere etape a consiste a developper un algorithme efficace de placement de streamlines afin de couvrir uniformement le domaine a visualiser. La densite des representations peut etre facilement controlee par l'utilisateur en specifiant la distance de separation entre les streamlines. Une variante de cet algorithme permet de produire des ensembles de streamlines multi-resolution representant l'information a differents niveaux de details, tout en conservant une densite uniforme a chaque niveau de la hierarchie. Quand les vecteurs representent des vitesses, pour un fluide par exemple, la methode la plus naturelle pour rendre les velocites consiste a produire une animation montrant l'ecoulement de ce fluide au cours du temps. Nous avons developpe une technique appelee Motion Map (carte de mouvement) qui permet de calculer en quelques secondes des animations de haute qualite visuelle a partir de n'importe quel champ de vecteurs stationnaire. Une caracteristique importante est le faible encombrement memoire de nos representations puisqu'une animation complete est encapsulee dans un format d'image statique. Nous avons enfin etendu notre algorithme de placement au cas des champs de vecteurs non stationnaires. Leur evolution temporelle est visualisee par une animation ou les ensembles de streamlines successifs sont correles en forme et en position. L'orientation des vecteurs le long des streamlines est rendue par le deplacement de motifs correles.
Ontology development for Sufism domain

Domain ontology is a descriptive representation of any particular domain which in detail describes the concepts in a domain, the relationships among those concepts and organizes them in a hierarchal manner. It is also defined as a structure of knowledge, used as a means of knowledge sharing to the community. An Important aspect of using ontologies is to make information retrieval more accurate and efficient. Thousands of domain ontologies from all around the world are available online on ontology repositories. Ontology repositories like SWOOGLE currently have over 1000 ontologies covering a wide range of domains. It was found that up to date there was no ontology available covering the domain of "Sufism". This unavailability of "Sufism" domain ontology became a motivation factor for this research. This research came up with a working "Sufism" domain ontology as well a framework, design of the proposed framework focuses on the resolution to problems which were experienced while creating the "Sufism" ontology. The development and working of the "Sufism" domain ontology are covered in detail in this research. The word "Sufism" is a term which refers to Islamic mysticism. One of the reasons to choose "Sufism" for ontology creation is its global curiosity. This research has also managed to create some individuals which inherit the concepts from the "Sufism" ontology. The creation of individuals helps to demonstrate the efficient and precise retrieval of data from the "Sufism" domain ontology. The experiment of creating the "Sufism" domain ontology was carried out on a tool called Protégé. Protégé is a tool which is used for ontology creation, editing and it is open source.
Estimating surface fluxes over the SGP site with remotely sensed data

The estimation of surface energy fluxes requires the combination of data from several sources. Typically land use and vegetation cover are obtained from visible and near infrared (VNIR) data, while a surface state variable, the surface temperature, is obtained from thermal infrared (TIR) data. Approaches to combine these data for the estimation of surface energy fluxes were studied as part of the SGP97. Toward this end TIR and VNIR images for four days were collected over the El Reno and ARM Cart sites of SGP using the TIMS (Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner) TIMS (Thematic Mapper Simulator) instruments. At both sites intensive ground measurements are available. Most of the imagery were acquired at an altitude of 5 km yielding a pixel resolution of approximately 12 meters. One flight line was flown at a 1.5 km altitude yielding 4 meter resolution. The observed brightness temperatures were corrected for atmospheric effects using MODTRAN and nearby, in both space and time, radiosoundings. Comparisons with bulk water temperatures of small ponds are within 0.5 to 1C. The Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm developed for use with ASTER data was applied and the results compared with laboratory measurements of the soil emissivity. The resulting surface temperatures are used in a two source (soil and vegetation) model to estimate surface fluxes on an areal basis. The concurrent VNIR imagery were used to estimate the fractional vegetation cover. The resulting fluxes were in good agreement with ground measurements. The spatial scales of surface temperatures and the resulting fluxes were also analyzed.
Mathematical Models to Study the Outbreaks of Ebola

Using S-I-R and S-E-I-R models, it was possible to simulate two Ebola outbreaks: the 1976 outbreak in Yambuku, Zaire and the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Zaire. The dynamics of these models are determined by the per-capita death rate of infected individuals and the per-capita effective contact rate of an individual contracting the disease. The basic reproductive number, R, determines the infectiousness of the disease. For Ebola, 1. 72 :::; Ro :::; 8.60, and this implies that Ebola is not as infectious as previously postulated. The results of these outbreak simulations will equip scientists in future outbreaks with information that may enable them to minimize potential deaths.
Diseases of the Period of Dentition

Background Cognitive performance shows a marked deterioration in close proximity to death, as postulated by terminal decline hypothesis. However, the association between education and terminal decline remains highly controversial. This study investigated the role of education on terminal decline in healthy and incident dementia cases from two European longitudinal studies of oldest-old. Methods Participants were from the Newcastle 85+, UK (N = 702) and from OCTO-Twin, Sweden (N = 845). They were assessed biannually over 3 and 5 consecutive waves respectively. In a coordinated analysis, multilevel models were employed to examine terminal decline in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), controlling for education, age at baseline, dementia incidence, sex, and time to death from the study entry within each cohort. Cognitive change was modelled as a linear function of time to death in both cohorts and as a quadratic function in the OCTO-Twin study. Education was used as a continuous measure (ranging 6–20 yrs in Newcastle 85+ and 0–23 yrs in OCTO-Twin). Results The results suggest that a typical British man, aged 85 at baseline, with 10 years education, entered the terminal phase at around 2.5 years before death, and the rate of decline was -1.04 (0.25), p < 0.001 with each year closer to the time of death. In contrast, a Swedish man, aged 83, with an average of 7 years education, entered the study at around 8 years from death, after which the rate of cognitive decline steepened by -1.70 (SE = 0.20), p < 0.001 and accelerated by -0.11 (0.01) p < 0.001 points per year closer to the time of death. Incident dementia cases experienced a steeper decline compared to healthy individuals in both studies with (-2.70 (SE = 0.21) and (-0.13 (SE = 0.02) acceleration), p < 0.001 units in OCTO-Twin and -1.73 (SE = 0.33), p < 0.001 in Newcastle 85+). Education was positively associated with the estimated MMSE scores prior to the time of death in OCTO (0.43 (SE = 0.15) p < 0.005), but not in the Newcastle 85+ and did not attenuate the rate of terminal decline in either of the two cohorts investigated. Conclusion As postulated by terminal decline hypothesis, decline and acceleration of this decline were detectable in both of these studies prior to death, with steeper rates of decline observed in the Swedish cohort. However, this process was not lessened by education itself. It will be useful to extend these analyses in studies with longer follow-ups periods, in order to allow a better understanding of the transition from the subtle cognitive changes accompanying age decline to those of neurological substance.
Robot navigation in unknown terrains: Introductory survey of non-heuristic algorithms

A formal framework for navigating a robot in a geometric terrain by an unknown set of obstacles is considered. Here the terrain model is not a priori known, but the robot is equipped with a sensor system (vision or touch) employed for the purpose of navigation. The focus is restricted to the non-heuristic algorithms which can be theoretically shown to be correct within a given framework of models for the robot, terrain and sensor system. These formulations, although abstract and simplified compared to real-life scenarios, provide foundations for practical systems by highlighting the underlying critical issues. First, the authors consider the algorithms that are shown to navigate correctly without much consideration given to the performance parameters such as distance traversed, etc. Second, they consider non-heuristic algorithms that guarantee bounds on the distance traversed or the ratio of the distance traversed to the shortest path length (computed if the terrain model is known). Then they consider the navigation of robots with very limited computational capabilities such as finite automata, etc.
The Relationship Between Electromyography and Muscle Force

The generation of physical movement in animals involves the activation and control of muscle forces. Understanding the mechanisms behind force generation and control is essential for professionals who work to promote health. The human body can be represented as a system of articulated segments in static or dynamic balance. Within this system, movement can arise from internal forces acting outside the joint axis, causing angular displacement of these segments, or by forces external to the body. Knowledge of the contribution of muscle forces to joint position and movement is of great importance for the study of muscle activity during exercise and also for understanding the coordination of muscle activities during functional movement. However, muscles forces cannot be easily measured in vivo; rather, they must be assessed, calculated or modeled (Amadio & Duarte, 1996; Amadio & Barbanti 2000). Closely associated with the generation of force by a muscle, is the generation of an electrical signal that can be observed by placing electrodes on the skin surface to detect underlying electrical activity displaying the associated waveform on a computer monitor. This process is called electromyography (EMG) and the waveform is the electromyogram. The assumption that there is an association between EMG and underlying muscle forces is the basis for many applications of EMG, allowing inferences regarding various aspects of muscle physiology. However, it is not possible to measure muscle force directly using EMG. Since 1952 there have been studies that show some cases where there is a linear relationship between force and EMG (Lippold, 1952), however this relationship is not always simple and linear. In recent years methods for detecting and processing EMG signals have been refined considerably, with the availability of better equipment, tools, mathematical, statistical and computational techniques. Although the determination of muscle strength using EMG measurements has also evolved, it has not yet fully exploited the technological potential available. In this chapter, we describe a practical approach to the quantitative evaluation of muscle force through analysis of the EMG signal.
Notice of Retraction Immune Genetic Algorithm and Its Application on Job Shop Scheduling

To overcome the shortcoming of ordinary genetic algorithm, an immune genetic algorithm is designed to better solve the job shop scheduling. Based on the characteristic that optimal offspring of each generation corresponding to the workpiece machining order is favorable to the target function, the algorithm abstracts vaccine and employs the improved elitist-crossover strategy and the simulated-annealing-based vaccine selection method. The simulation tests have showed the validity and practicability of the algorithm, and that the algorithm has better convergence speed and optimization accuracy. Specially, as a result of the algorithm, the prematurity which is a common phenomenon in the ordinary genetic algorithm, is efficiently avoided.
On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >
Taking the challenge of multiple access for third-generation cellular mobile radio systems - a European view

In Europe, the challenge of the design of third-generation cellular mobile radio systems has been taken numerous research and development activities in this field have been started. The authors try to give an overview of the European activities in this field. The article is organized in two parts. In the first part, the requirements for third-generation cellular mobile radio systems such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System (FPLMTS), which has been named International Mobile Telecommunications after the year 2000 (IMT-2000) are presented concisely. Also, the importance and challenge of the multiple access design for such third-generation cellular mobile radio systems is explained. In the second part, numerous European research activities with focus on the multiple access design for third-generation cellular mobile radio systems are reviewed.