Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRESS TOLERANCE IN INTERTIDAL SEAWEEDS

Intertidal seaweeds are periodically exposed to air where they experience a variety of potentially stressful environmental conditions, including nutrient limitation, high light, high and low temperature, desiccation, and osmotic stress. This paper considers the current understanding of stress tolerance in intertidal seaweeds and discusses ways in which future research could increase our understanding of the role of environmental factors in the ecology and physiology of these algae. We believe research is required in at least three areas. 1) Laboratory physiological studies have established that correlations exist between stress tolerance and the vertical distribution of species. However, little information is available on the importance of stress in determining community structure in nature. Field experiments are essential to relate the impact of single or multiple stresses on the survival, growth, and reproductive output of macroalgae. In paticular, it is necessary to clarify the role of sublethal stress in determining the outcome of competitive interactions. 2) With the exception of obvious lethal effects or damage associated with extreme environmental conditions, such as unusually hot and dry weather, it is difficult to evaluate the occurrence and severity of stress in natural populations of seaweeds. There is a need to develop molecular and biochemical markers specific for individual stresses or groups of stresses to allow the unambiguous and direct determination of stress in situ. 3) Despite the apparent importance of stress in intertidal seaweeds, we are largely ignorant of the mechanistic basis of tolerance. The application of currently available tools of molecular and cell biology to the investigation of stress‐induced transcriptional and translational changes could enormously increase our understanding of both the sites of, and pathways involved in, stress tolerance. In summary, there are numerous unanswered fundamental questions about the stress tolerance of intertidal seaweeds, providing opportunities for research ranging from field ecology to molecular biology and biochemistry.
Massive Black Hole Merger Rates: The Effect of Kiloparsec Separation Wandering and Supernova Feedback

We revisit the predictions for the merger rate of massive black hole binaries detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and their background signal for pulsar-timing arrays. We focus on the effect of the delays between the merger of galaxies and the final coalescence of black hole binaries, and on supernova feedback on the black hole growth. By utilizing a semianalytic galaxy formation model, not only do we account for the driving of the evolution of binaries at separations ≲1 pc (gas-driven migration, stellar hardening, and triple/quadruple massive black hole systems), but we also improve on previous studies by accounting for the time spent by black hole pairs from kiloparsec down to parsec separation. We also include the effect of supernova feedback, which may eject gas from the nuclear region of low-mass galaxies, thus hampering the growth of black holes via accretion and suppressing their orbital migration in circumbinary disks. Despite including these novel physical effects, we predict that the LISA detection rate should still be , irrespective of the model for the black hole seeds at high redshifts. Scenarios where black holes form from seeds are more significantly impacted by supernova feedback. We also find that for detectable events, the merging black holes typically have mass ratios between ∼0.1 and 1. Predictions for the stochastic background in the band of pulsar-timing array experiments are instead rather robust and show only a mild dependence on the model.
Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) boreale, a new Halictinae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) species found in northern Sweden and on Hokkaido, Japan, with notes on its biology

Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) boreale, belonging to the fratellum-group, is described from material collected at Abisko, northern Sweden. The species is also known from Hokkaido, Japan. The genitalia of the hitherto described males of the fratellum-group are figured. Comments on the biology of L. boreale are added to the description. Notes on the distribution of the palearctic fratellum and the nearctic nigrum groups are also given.
Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes

Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes is the most extensive study yet available of reproduction in wild vertebrate. The authors synthesize data collected over ten years on a population of individually recognizable red deer, usually regarded as conspecific with the American elk. Their results reveal the extent of sex differences in behavior, reproduction, and ecology and make a substantial contribution to our understanding of sexual selection.
The Interaction of Type Iax Supernova Ejecta with a Helium Companion Star

Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are an important subluminous class of SNe Ia. However, their progenitors and explosion mechanisms are not yet understood. It has been suggested that SNe Iax may be produced from weak deflagration explosions of Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems with a helium (He) star donor. In such progenitor systems, the stripped He companion material caused by the ejecta-companion interaction is expected to present some He features in their late-time spectra. However, the detection of He lines in late-time spectra of SNe Iax has not yet been successful, which gives an upper limit on the amount of stripped He mass of . In this work, we study the interaction between SN Iax ejecta and a He star companion by performing three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with a weak pure deflagration explosion model. We find that about of He material can be stripped off from the companion star by SN explosion, which is very close to (or lower than) the observational upper limit on the total stripped He mass in SNe Iax. We, therefore, conclude that nondetection of He lines in late-time spectra of SNe Iax could be reasonably explained if they indeed resulted from weak pure deflagration explosions of Chandrasekhar-mass WDs in progenitor systems with a He star donor.
Nomenclature of Water Masses in the Tasman Sea

In a recent paper by Rochford (1957) on the identification and nomenclature of water masses in the Tasman and Coral Seas, three oceanic water masses of importance to New Zealand hydrology have been described as "Coral Sea", "Sub-Antarctic", and "East Central New Zealand". Reasons are advanced here to suggest that the origins proposed for these water masses may require modification.
A Real-Time Closed-Form Model for Nonlinearity Modeling in Ultra-Wide-Band Optical Fiber Links Accounting for Inter-channel Stimulated Raman Scattering and Co-Propagating Raman Amplification

In this paper, we present a novel closed-form model (CFM) for accurate and fast evaluation of nonlinear interference in modern ultrawideband coherent optical fiber communication systems. Starting from the Gaussian noise model (GN model), using reasonable approximations and machine-learning optimized improvements, we achieve an accurate CFM capable of handling ultrawide band (C+L or wider) optical fiber systems in the presence of Inter-channel Stimulated Raman Scattering (ISRS) and forward-pumped Raman amplification.
Patterns of Prey Selection: Implications of Predator Foraging Tactics

In this paper, I explore the consequences of different predator foraging tactics on patterns of prey selection. Foraging tactics are categorized on the basis of two dichotomies, the first concerning predator encounter tactics and the second concerning the handling tactics employed by predators to subdue prey. The former dichotomy distinguishes between ambush and cruising encounter tactics, the latter between entangling and raptorial handling tactics. Two consistent trends in prey selection are revealed by examining the patterns of prey selection exhibited by a variety of zooplanktivorous, invertebrate predators. The first trend concerns the tendency of ambush predators to take larger and older prey, relative to those taken by cruising predators. This trend was predicted and is presumed to be a general feature of predator-prey interactions. The second trend concerns the tendency of ambush predators feeding on Calanus to exhibit bimodal preyselection patterns, in contrast to the unimodal patterns exhibited by cruisers. This trend was not predicted and is certainly not a general feature of predator-prey interactions, but it does serve to illustrate the heuristic value of the ambushcruising dichotomy. At present, too few studies are available to compare trends associated with the entangling-raptorial dichotomy. However, a brief discussion of the potential interaction effects between predator foraging tactics and prey defensive tactics points out that both dichotomies merit closer examination.
Clique‐width: Harnessing the power of atoms

Many NP‐complete graph problems are polynomial‐time solvable on graph classes of bounded clique‐width. Several of these problems are polynomial‐time solvable on a hereditary graph class G ${\mathscr{G}}$ if they are so on the atoms (graphs with no clique cut‐set) of G ${\mathscr{G}}$ . Hence, we initiate a systematic study into boundedness of clique‐width of atoms of hereditary graph classes. A graph G $G$ is H $H$ ‐free if H $H$ is not an induced subgraph of G $G$ , and it is (H 1 , H 2 ) $({H}_{1},{H}_{2})$ ‐free if it is both H 1 ${H}_{1}$ ‐free and H 2 ${H}_{2}$ ‐free. A class of H $H$ ‐free graphs has bounded clique‐width if and only if its atoms have this property. This is no longer true for (H 1 , H 2 ) $({H}_{1},{H}_{2})$ ‐free graphs, as evidenced by one known example. We prove the existence of another such pair (H 1 , H 2 ) $({H}_{1},{H}_{2})$ and classify the boundedness of clique‐width on (H 1 , H 2 ) $({H}_{1},{H}_{2})$ ‐free atoms for all but 18 cases.
Maintenance Respiration and Stand Development in a Subalpine Lodgepole Pine Forest

We examined a chronosequence of subalpine lodgepole pine stands to test the hypothesis that low net primary production in older forest stands is caused by higher maintenance respiration costs of woody tissues. We predicted that respiration of woody tissues (particularly stem sapwood) would be greater in older stands and that the higher maintenance costs would account for observed low wood production. For a unit of ground surface, the carbon flux involved in wood production and associated construction respi- ration was 210 gm-2-yr-l in a 40-yr-old stand, but declined to 46 g.m-2.yr-l in a 245- yr-old stand. However, maintenance respiration of woody tissues in stems and branches consumed only 61 g.m-2.yr-l in the 40-yr-old stand and 79 g-m-2 yr-l in the 245-yr-old stand. The slight, nonsignificant increase in maintenance respiration of woody tissues could not explain the dramatic decline in aboveground wood production in the old-growth stand.
Exigência de proteína bruta para codornas européias no período de crescimento

A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 15 quails per experimental unity was used to estimate crude protein requirements for European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) during the periods 18-28, 28-42 and 42-56 days of age. The experimental diets were formulated with 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26% of crude protein and 2900kcal/kg EM/kg. The protein requirements during 18-28 days of age were respectively 25.7; 25.2 and 25.5% for weight gain, weight gain/feed intake ratio and for body weight. During the 28-42 period the crude protein requirement for body weight was 24.6%, but there was no effect of crude protein level on weight gain and weight gain/feed intake ratio. The effect of crude protein level on weight gain, weight gain/feed intake ratio and body weight during 42-56 period was not significant. The European quails Coturnix coturnix coturnix have lower protein level requirement for body weight during 28-42 days of age in comparison to 18-28 period. No reliable estimates of crude protein requirements were obtained for body weight, weight gain and weight gain/feed intake ratio after 28 days of age.
Parks, People, and Pipelines †

According to the Durban Accord (World Conservation Union [IUCN] 2003a), the fifth World Parks Congress (WPC), held in 2003 in Durban, South Africa, brought together “resource managers, scientists, civil servants, and industry leaders” to “celebrate, voice concern and call for urgent action on protected areas. ” Held every 10 years, these congresses, organized under the umbrella of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), are part technical sessions, part political theater, and part policy process. The Durban Accord (IUCN 2003a), an affirmation of the value of parks and protected areas for both biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods, was one of the major products of the 2003 congress. Participants in the congress recognized that many natural systems and species depend for their existence on parks and that the contribution of parks to human well-being is pervasive, poorly quantified, and underappreciated, especially for many indigenous peoples and the rural poor. This consensus was not an insignificant accomplishment because many individuals argued that parks could be justified only if they contributed to the wellbeing of local inhabitants. Others argued that parks had to be engines for national development. Still others argued for excising human activities completely from parks. Resolving differences involving strong opinions was often a challenge. In collecting the following four articles we have tried to sample and
“Equip”, a Sla Strategy for Young Learners Based on a Longitudinal Study Case

Nowadays, more and more children are being exposed to a second language from infancy. How to equip the young children to acquire the second language, it is always lack of the well-established strategies. Based on a longitudinal study case of Millet, a Chinese boy, acquiring English as a second language in a Chinese family environment from age one to four, this paper tries to discover the law of second language acquisition for young learners and puts forward a strategy, entitled “Equip” Strategy, which is the shortened name for “Every”, “Quality & Quantity”, “Unique”, “Initiative” and “People”, the five sub-principles. The finding of the study shows that it is feasible to guide young children to acquire the second language in the family environment, and elaborates the approaches used in the case, striving to be a supplement to the young children second language acquisition strategy.
North Africa in the Tourist Guidebooks of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

By the dawn of the twentieth century, a guidebook was a vital element of a tourist’s packing list and an item, which a tourist could not do without. The guidebook not only provided practical and useful information, but also advised the tourist about what ‘ought to be seen’. It accompanied the development and maturation of modern tourism and witnessed an explosion in the second half of the 19th century and after. The guidebook was gradually improved, highly commercialized, popularized, and extended to many parts of the world and somehow managed to impose ‘beaten tracks’ on tourists. Similarly, the guidebook accompanied European colonial schemes, served as a tool for them and reflected their agendas and the mindset of the age. This paper is based on a large number of French and English guidebooks spanning approximately the period between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and addresses the following questions: when and how was North Africa included in the tourist guidebook literature? What visions did the guidebook provide of the region? How far did the guidebooks contribute to placing North Africa in the global tourist networks and with what effect?
A Decision Support System for Planning New Products Introductions in Fresh Produce Supply Chains

is research develops an initial proposal of a Decision Support System –DSS– to plan the production and distribution of new fresh agricultural products. is system is based on a hierarchical approach, which can be applied to enterprises as a planning module or as a stand-alone system for crop production. In this paper is stressed the importance of the DSS for small and mediumsized companies, or for small group of growers that need to improve coordination between their growing and market decisions. e DSS covers the strategic, tactical and operational decisions for every season, focusing on new product introduction. e aim of DSS is increasing the competitiveness of growers in a highly variable and complex marketplace. e agri-food sector still needs evolving to meet increasing demands, understand particular tastes of new consumers and evaluating the requirements of new players. JEL Codes: M15, Q13, Q17
Application of genomics to grapevine improvement

Imagine a breeder browsing a grape chromosome nucleotide-by-nucleotide around a trait locus, scrolling down the list of catalogued genes along a genetic interval, resequencing for a few thousand dollars a potential parent or a selected breeding line. In the past couple of years, this vision has become a reality. The availability of the reference genome sequence has provided significant assistance in the saturation of loci with targeted genetic markers. Grape breeders are now offered unprecedented possibilities for selecting plants using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences within or near the gene that controls a desirable trait rather than handling their phenotypes. Genomics-assisted selection offers unique advantages in the correct choice of elite genotypes, in order to improve traits for which limitations of phenotyping technologies or low hereditability adversely affect the efficiency of phenotypic selection. DNA technologies enable the application of marker-assisted selection to thousands of grape seedlings every year, which was previously feasible only for cereals and annuals, enhancing the possibilities of finding an ideal recombinant in populations bred from highly heterozygous parents. The expected outcome is a renewal of the varietal choices available to viticulturists, with novel genotypes that meet the demand for disease-free vines and flavourful grapes. The depth of exploration and characterisation of the existing germplasm is crucial for translating natural diversity into new varieties that could perform beyond the fence of the experimental vineyards and gain substantial market share. We review here how current achievements in genomics and genome sequencing are expected to increase the efficiency of grapevine breeding programs.
Caveolin-1 Promotes Tumor Progression in an Autochthonous Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the primary structural component of caveolae and is implicated in the processes of vesicular transport, cholesterol balance, transformation, and tumorigenesis. Despite an abundance of data suggesting that Cav-1 has transformation suppressor properties both in vitro and in vivo, Cav-1 is expressed at increased levels in human prostate cancer. To investigate the role of Cav-1 in prostate cancer onset and progression, we interbred Cav-1(-/-) null mice with a TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) model that spontaneously develops advanced prostate cancer and metastatic disease. We found that, although the loss of Cav-1 did not affect the appearance of minimally invasive prostate cancer, its absence significantly impeded progression to highly invasive and metastatic disease. Inactivation of one (+/-) or both (-/-) alleles of Cav-1 resulted in significant reductions in prostate tumor burden, as well as decreases in regional lymph node metastases. Moreover, further examination revealed decreased metastasis to distant organs, such as the lungs, in TRAMP/Cav-1(-/-) mice. Utilizing prostate carcinoma cell lines (C1, C2, and C3) derived from TRAMP tumors, we also showed a positive correlation between Cav-1 expression and the ability of these cells to form tumors in vivo. Furthermore, down-regulation of Cav-1 expression in these cells, using a small interfering RNA approach, significantly reduced their tumorigenic and metastatic potential. Mechanistically, we showed that loss or down-regulation of Cav-1 expression results in increased apoptosis, with increased prostate apoptosis response factor-4 and PTEN levels in Cav-1(-/-) null prostate tumors. Our current findings provide the first in vivo molecular genetic evidence that Cav-1 does indeed function as a tumor promoter during prostate carcinogenesis, rather than as a tumor suppressor.
Appearance-Related Social Networking Sites and Body Image in Young Women: Testing an Objectification-Social Comparison Model

In this study, we drew on an integrated model of objectification and social comparison theories to test the associations between young women’s use of social networking sites and their body image concerns. A sample of 338 undergraduate women, aged 17–25 years, completed online questionnaire measures of engagement in three social networking site activities (browsing or following celebrity, fashion, and beauty sites, browsing or following fitspiration-related content, and placing importance on online “likes” and comments). Also assessed were upward appearance comparison, body surveillance, social appearance anxiety, and two indices of body image concerns (drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction). Structural equation modeling was used to test two competing models, both of which posited social appearance anxiety as the immediate precursor to body image concerns. In line with the integrated objectification-social comparison model, results supported a serial mediation model that comprised significant paths from two of the social networking site activities (browsing or following celebrity, fashion, and beauty sites, and placing importance on online “likes” and comments) through, in turn, upward appearance comparison, body surveillance, and social appearance anxiety, to drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Viewing fitspiration-related content was associated with body image concerns directly, rather than indirectly. Findings highlight objectification and appearance comparison factors as targets for future interventions regarding appearance-related social networking site use.
Aberrations in flower development in Silene

The occurrence of aberrant numbers of floral parts in Silene coeli-rosa was most frequent at high and low temperatures but was not obviously correlated with effectiveness of floral induction or with the growth rate of the flower. The stamens were more often aberrant than the other floral whorls. Aberrations seemed to occur independently in the different floral whorls, except in the case of the sepals and petals, since almost half the plants with aberrant numbers of sepals showed the same aberration in the petals. The findings are considered in relation to normal flower development.