Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Automation methods and tools for building Digital Printed Microelectronics Circuits

La electronica organica/impresa esta continuamente creciendo en interes, con la aparicion de nuevas propuestas y aplicaciones. Este tipo de tecnologias no pretenden competir directamente con las que provienen de la industria tradicional basada en Silicio, sino que tienen como proposito complementarla con nuevos dispositivos que proporcionen ciertas ventajas en determinadas situaciones, ya sea en terminos de coste u otras. Sin embargo, en lo que se refiere al campo del procesado digital queda mucho trabajo por hacer para, paulatinamente, ir siguiendo los pasos del modelo ‘fabless’ que rige el mercado de semiconductores actual. Este modelo consiste en la deslocalizacion entre los equipos de diseno y los fabricantes. Respecto a dicho progreso me refiero no solo a las mejoras que acontecen a nivel de procesos de fabricacion, sino tambien en el campo de la automatizacion de los procesos de diseno. Nuestro grupo de investigacion concibio una novedosa estrategia para producir, de manera eficiente, disenos de circuitos digitales para electronica impresa, basados en lo que denominamos Inkjet-configurable Gate Arrays, aprovechando las ventajas de la impresion digital. Estos Inkjet Gate Arrays consisten en matrices de transistores sobre sustratos flexibles que, una vez conectados mediante impresion digital, conforman puertas logicas; las cuales, en su conjunto, materializan circuitos. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis se centra en una etapa especifica de cualquier flujo de diseno comun de circuitos integrados, llamada sintesis fisica. En concreto, este trabajo proporciona una novedosa metodologia para resolver el problema de ubicar y conectar, ‘Placement and Routing’, los circuitos sobre las mencionadas matrices de transistores, teniendo en cuenta su rendimiento, y con independencia de la tecnologia de fabricacion. Se aborda la manera de como tratar con tecnologias impresas diferentes, que puedan presentar distintos niveles de rendimiento, normalmente debidos a la alta variabilidad intrinseca a los procesos de fabricacion actuales. En tales casos, un factor clave para asegurar que la colocacion de los circuitos sea funcionalmente correcta es poder procesar de manera efectiva la informacion sobre la distribucion de fallos de las matrices. Ademas del concepto de mapeo segun el rendimiento, la novedosa heuristica aqui propuesta proporciona la capacidad de personalizar los circuitos, lo que permite mayor flexibilidad en su construccion, dependiendo de distintas razones u objetivos posibles (p. ej. congestion). Esta metodologia no solo es conveniente para los primeros pasos que, en la actualidad, se estan llevando a cabo en el desarrollo de prototipos de circuitos digitales para la electronica organica, sino que tambien es escalable hacia nuevas mejoras en el rendimiento de las tecnologias de fabricacion, asi como en tamanos y densidad de integracion.
Effect Of Magnesium -Lidocaine Combination On Outcome After Severe Head Injury

Background: neuroprotection in the setting of severe head injury (SHI) remains unsettled problem. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a high dose magnesium and low dose lidocaine infused, over 3 days after SHI Methods: Sixty adult patients with SHI (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8) admitted to Intensive Care Unit were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients in each), magnesium–lidocaine (Mg-Lid) group received magnesium sulfate (70 mg/kg IV bolus followed by 15 mg/kg/hr) plus lidocaine (1.5 mg /kg bolus IV followed by 1 mg /kg/hr) infused for 3 days and control group received placebo. Routine monitoring and laboratory investigations were obtained immediately after admission and every 24 hours thereafter for 3 consecutive days. These include vital signs, CT scan, GCS, serum glucose, serum electrolytes, creatinine, HCO3, and bilirubin. The outcome was estimated at 6 months using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results: The serum concentrations of ionized magnesium in the Mg-Lid group were significantly increased in all subsequent values as compared with baseline value and control group. The other assessed parameters were not changed from admission. Patients in the Mg-Lid group had a more favorable outcome (54%) when compared to the control group (38%). Mortality rate was significantly lower in the Mg- Lid group (27%) compared with the control group (46%). In conclusion, magnesium-lidocaine combination administered according to the above regimen is safe and well tolerated after SHI. Patients in the Mg-Lid group showed a more favorable outcome and lower mortality rate when compared to the control group
Characterization of the gene encoding heat-stable toxin II and preliminary molecular epidemiological studies of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin II producers

The gene encoding heat-stable toxin II (STII) was cloned into an Escherichia coli K-12 strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that STII is synthesized within the cell as a 71-amino-acid protein and that neither the DNA nor amino acid sequence bears any similarity to that of heat-stable toxin I. A DNA fragment containing the STII gene was used to probe enterotoxigenic E. coli clinical isolates with various toxin phenotypes and was shown to be useful in detecting all STII and only STII producers.
Trafic de gouttes à une jonction

De nombreux domaines mettent en jeu la circulation d'elements discrets dans des reseaux : la circulation sanguine, les ecoulements de dispersions de gouttes (industrie du petrole et microfluidique), et la modelisation de la circulation routiere. Comprendre ces ecoulements sur l'ensemble d'un reseau necessite tout d'abord une description du mode de repartition des elements a une jonction. Dans le cas d'ecoulements dilues de gouttes en microfluidique, la regle de repartition est particulierement simple : entre plusieurs canaux accessibles, une goutte choisira celui qui possede la plus faible resistance hydrodynamique. En tant que systeme modele, l'etude de la repartition de gouttes arrivant a l'entree d'une boucle asymetrique a suscite de nombreux travaux, essentiellement experimentaux et numeriques. Parmi les enjeux de ces etudes, il y a notamment la comprehension de la repartition des cellules du sang dans la circulation sanguine, mais aussi la maitrise du flux de gouttes dans des reseaux microfluidiques en vue d'applications technologiques. La dynamique de repartition des gouttes arrivant successivement a l'entree d'une boucle asymetrique est complexe : une succession de regimes periodiques et aperiodiques ont ete observes avec des motifs de repartition des gouttes difficilement predictibles. A notre connaissance, une description theorique complete de la selection de ces regimes et de leur caracterisation n'a jamais ete publiee. L'origine de la complexite dans ce syteme vient du fait que les variables dependent de toutes les gouttes presentes a cet instant dans la boucle : le probleme rentre donc dans la classe des sytemes a retard. D'autre part, en tant que systeme discret dont la dynamique est gouvernee par l'iteration d'une regle simple, il se rattache aussi aux automates cellulaires. Le travail que nous presentons est experimental, numerique et theorique. Nous nous basons sur un modele conduisant a une dynamique discrete d'une variable binaire (choix du bras par la goutte a la jonction). L'etude numerique de ce modele nous permet de caracteriser par des quantites invariantes les regimes observables a parametres fixes. Ce modele nous permet de trouver les regles gouvernant la selection de ces quantites invariantes et les valeurs de ces dernieres. Les predictions theoriques donnent une description complete des resultats numeriques. Enfin, la pertinence de ce modele est confirmee par une etude experimentale. La limite dans laquelle nous nous placons dans le modele est coherente avec l'experience et permet la description des caracteristiques des regimes observes. En particulier, l'observation experimentale de regimes dynamiques constitues d'une succession de regimes periodiques est reproduite numeriquement par la prise en compte de bruit (fluctuation de la distance entre gouttes ou de la perte de charge associee a chaque goutte). Cette dynamique correspond a la multistabilite de differents regimes possedant les memes invariants.
Trichomonas vaginalis infection: How significant is it in men presenting with recurrent or persistent symptoms of urethritis?

Persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis has been reported to affect up to 10–20% of men attending sexual health clinics. An audit was undertaken to review the management of persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis in men presenting at Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK. Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection was with the newly-introduced nucleic acid amplification test. A total of 43 (8%) of 533 men treated for urethritis re-attended within three months with persistent or recurrent symptoms. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was identified in 13/40 (33%), T. vaginalis in 1/27 (4%) and Mycoplasma genitalium in 6/12 (50%). These findings suggest that the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection remains low in our clinic population and may not contribute significantly to persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis.
Differential regulation of GLAST immunoreactivity and activity by protein kinase C: evidence for modification of amino and carboxyl termini

Many neurotransmitter transporters, including the GLT‐1 and EAAC1 subtypes of the glutamate transporter, are regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) and these effects are associated with changes in cell surface expression. In the present study, the effects of PKC activation on the glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) subtype of glutamate transporter were examined in primary astrocyte cultures. Acute (30 min) exposure to the phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) increased (approximately 20%) transport activity but had the opposite effect on both total and cell surface immunoreactivity. Chronic treatment (6 or 24 h) with PMA had no effect on transport activity but caused an even larger decrease in total and cell surface immunoreactivity. This loss of immunoreactivity was observed using antibodies directed against three different cytoplasmic epitopes, and was blocked by the PKC antagonist, bisindolylmaleimide II. We provide biochemical and pharmacological evidence that the activity observed after treatment with PMA is mediated by GLAST. Two different flag‐tagged variants of the human homolog of GLAST were introduced into astrocytes using lentiviral vectors. Although treatment with PMA caused a loss of transporter immunoreactivity, flag immunoreactivity did not change in amount or size. Together, these studies suggest that activation of PKC acutely up‐regulates GLAST activity, but also results in modification of several different intracellular epitopes so that they are no longer recognized by anti‐GLAST antibodies. We found that exposure of primary cultures of neurons/astrocytes to transient hypoxia/glucose deprivation also caused a loss of GLAST immunoreactivity that was attenuated by the PKC antagonist, bisindolylmaleimide II, suggesting that some acute insults previously thought to cause a loss of GLAST protein may mimic the phenomenon observed in the present study.
TRANSPLACENTAL INFECTION BY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS.

One of the more common viral infections affecting man is that caused by the herpes simplex virus. Its most common manifestation, the "fever blister," is so familiar to the layman that a medical diagnosis is not sought. However, the manifestations of the herpes virus are so protean that they may range from severe encephalitis, to the moderately severe stomatitis frequently seen in the very young, to the mild "fever blister" just mentioned. The more severe manifestations are due to a primary infection which occurs after an incubation period of three to five days, whereas the "fever blister" is felt to be the result of an upset in an otherwise symbiotic relationship between host and virus. Between 65% and 98% of adults, depending on areas sampled, will show neutralizing antibodies to the herpes simplex virus. Since the initial case report of herpes simplex infection in the newborn by Haas 1 in
SEGP-Finder: Tool for identification of Soft Error Glitch-Propagating paths at gate level

An increase in vulnerability to soft errors has affected the reliability of both synchronous and asynchronous nanometer scale integrated circuits. Hence in such circuits there is a growing need to identify the soft error glitch propagation possibility before their physical design implementation. This paper proposes a new tool, the Soft Error Glitch-Propagating path Finder (SEGP-Finder), able to analyze the propagation of soft errors at gate level. In SEGP-Finder, soft error modeling is accomplished via Multiway Decision Graphs (MDGs) and Glitch Propagation sets (GP sets). To demonstrate the effectiveness of our tool, several ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits, 4-bit and 8-bit adders, 4-bit multiplier, and the Self-timed multiple-group pipeline asynchronous handshake circuit have been analyzed. Results indicate that SEGP-Finder is on average more than 5 times faster, without compromising on the accuracy, in comparison with simulation-based and SAT (satisfiability analysis) based techniques.
Optical Stabilization of Waveguide Amplifiers for WDM Ring Network With Recirculating Optical Power

We demonstrate an all-optical wavelength-division-multiplexing ring network immune to transients based on individual optically gain clamped waveguide amplifiers. The ring network is compared to a similar point-to-point configuration to quantify the effect of recirculating amplifier noise. In the results, we notice that the optical stabilization is strong enough to overcome the effect of accumulated amplifier noise over the entire transmission bandwidth, and no lasing or chaotic behavior occurs. In addition, due to the independent amplifier stabilization, the network has shown to be robust even in the case of failure and restoration. We prove that the obtained results are scalable with the amplifier number. All results are also applicable to fiber-based amplifiers.
Construção de Ontologias Iniciais a partir de Sistemas Legados

Um dos desafios da ciencia da computacao e a reutilizacao do conhecimento, baseado nas informacoes ja existentes, como repositorios de dados (sistemas legados). A utilizacao da engenharia reversa e uma forma de realizar este reuso. Normalmente, o conhecimento de um dominio e organizado em ontologias. Segundo Guarino [Guarino 1997], uma ontologia e um conjunto de termos estruturados hierarquicamente para descrever um dominio, podendo ser usado para diversas bases de conhecimento. Desta forma, pode entender que a construcao de ontologias e um processo complexo e lento. Neste artigo, e descrito um estudo e testes iniciais utilizando engenharia reversa em sistemas legados para obter-se ontologias iniciais, fazendo com que o processo de constrcao de ontologias se torne mais rapido.
Optimisation d’un tuteur intelligent à partir d’un jeu de données fixé (Optimization of a tutoring system from a fixed set of data) [in French]

Dans cet article, nous presentons une methode generale pour optimiser un tuteur intelligent dans le domaine de l'acquisition d'une seconde langue. Plus particulierement, le processus d'optimisation a pour but de trouver une strategie qui propose la meilleure sequence de phases d'evaluation et d'enseignement afin de maximiser l'augmentation des connaissances de l'apprenant. La principale caracteristique de la methode proposee est qu'elle est capable d'apprendre la meilleure strategie a partir d'un jeu fixe de donnees, collectees a partir d'une strategie definie a la main. Ainsi, aucun modele, ni cognitif ni probabiliste de l'apprenant, n'est necessaire. Seules sont requises des observations du comportement de l'apprenant alors qu'il interagit avec un systeme non-optimal. Pour ce faire, un algorithme de programmation dynamique approchee en mode hors-ligne est utilise : l'algorithme LSPI (Least Square Policy Iteration). Des resultats obtenus avec des donnees simulees semblent prometteurs.
Adaptive Learning Control for Cooperation of Two Robots Manipulating a Rigid Object with Model Uncertainties

SUMMARY In this paper, an adaptive learning (A-L) control scheme is proposed for cooperation of two manipulators handling a rigid object with model uncertainties. For robots performing repetitive cooperating tasks, their operations are decomposed into two modes: the single operational mode and the repetitive operational mode on which the A-L controller is based. In the single operational mode, the controller is a learning based adaptive controller in which the robotic parameters are updated by using the information of the previous operation. In the repetitive operational mode, the controller is a model-based iterative learning controller. The advantages of the A-L controller lie in the fact that it can improve the transient performance as robots repeat operations at a high speed of the learning convergence. Simulation results ascertain that the A-L algorithm is effective in controlling two cooperated robots with model uncertainties.
The social transformation of alcoholism intervention: comparisons of job attitudes and performance of recovered alcoholics and non-alcoholics.

The rationalization of standardized entry credentials has been particularly marked in the health occupations and professions over the past century. This reflects broader trends in the rationalization of the workplace in Western societies. Alcoholism-intervention occupations are currently undergoing a transformation of recruitment away from recovered alcoholics and toward persons with formal academic credentials. The focus of this paper is on the rationality of this transformation. We consider the comparative job performances and job-related attitudes of recovered alcoholics and non-alcoholics in an alcoholism-related occupation. Data from a nationwide survey of 726 occupational program consultants reveal parity in the job performances of the two groups. The differences that are found between the two groups indicate more intense identification with the job among the recovered alcoholics. BACKGROUND
Potassium, acetazolamide, and intraocular pressure.

The effect of long-term administration of acetazolamide on the potassium balance of 15 glaucoma patients was studied. Average duration of treatment was two years. No total body potassium depletion was noted; serum potassium was below normal in one case (3.1 mEq/liter). Administration of potassium chloride (average dose, 58 mEq daily) did not cause a lowering of intraocular pressure; nor did it appear to alter potassium balance. Patients receiving long-term treatment with acetazolamide were unable to excrete concentrated urine (serum osmolarity per urine osmolarity ratio of 1:2.3 after an 18-hour fast). Three of 15 patients developed urinary tract disease. Patients on long-term acetazolamide therapy rarely need supplemental potassium. Where advisable, it is best provided by a diet high in potassium-rich foods, as enteric-coated preparations may cause small-bowel ulceration.
High-Efficiency 3-D Antenna for 60-GHz Band

Design and measurement of a novel millimeter-wave antenna are presented. The radiating structure is based on a 3-D metallized molded plastic part which is soldered onto a thin, single-layer circuit board, and fed by a microstrip line of 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> impedance. The 3-D structure is free of indentations and simple to manufacture. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth exceeds the 57–64 GHz license-exempt frequency band. Measurements show a gain of 5.8 dBi, half-power beamwidth of 85°– 90°, and indicate a high radiation efficiency of 90%.
MIRTO : un système au service de l'enseignement des langues

Le projet MIRTO (Multi-apprentissages Interactifs par des Recherches sur des Textes et l'Oral) vise la realisation d'une plateforme d'enseignement de langue(s). MIRTO ambi-tionne a mettre au service des enseignants des logiciels et outils issus du TAL (Traitement Automatique de la Langue) afin de leur permettre la conception et l'exploitation (en presentiel ou a distance) de scenarii pedagogiques enseignant le fonctionnement et la structuration de la langue a travers la diversite et la richesse des corpus textuels ou oraux. MIRTO permet de pointer des problemes aussi bien en didactique des langues qu'en TAL ou en informatique concernant, par exemple, l'architecture informatique des plateformes d'enseignement, l'adaptation et l'utilisation des logiciels et outils TAL pour l'enseignement des langues, l'apport du TAL a la problematique de la didactique des langues, etc. MIRTO devrait apporter une premiere solution a ces problemes et constituer un outil experimen-al precieux pour la poursuite de la reflexion dans ces domaines ainsi qu'un « point de rencontre » des specialistes des trois domaines concernes.
Video display terminals and the risk of spontaneous abortion.

BACKGROUND The relation between spontaneous abortion and the use of video display terminals (VDTs) is of great public health concern. Previous investigators of this issue have reported inconsistent findings. METHODS To determine whether electromagnetic fields emitted by VDTs are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, a cohort of female telephone operators who used VDTs at work was compared with a cohort of operators who did not use VDTs. To obtain reliable estimates of exposure, we determined the number of hours of VDT use per week from company records and measured electromagnetic fields at VDT workstations and, for purposes of comparison, at workstations without VDTs. Operators who used VDTs had higher abdominal exposure to very-low-frequency (15 kHz) electromagnetic fields (workstations without VDTs did not emit very-low-frequency energy). Abdominal exposure to extremely-low-frequency fields (45 to 60 Hz) was similar for both operators who used VDTs and those who did not. Among 2430 women interviewed, there were 882 pregnancies that met our criteria for inclusion in the study. RESULTS We found no excess risk of spontaneous abortion among women who used VDTs during the first trimester of pregnancy (odds ratio = 0.93; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 1.38), and no dose-response relation was apparent when we examined the women's hours of VDT use per week (odds ratio for 1 to 25 hours per week = 1.04; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.79; odds ratio for greater than 25 hours per week = 1.00; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.64). There continued to be no risk associated with the use of VDTs when we accounted for multiple pregnancies, conducted separate analyses of early abortion, late abortion, and all fetal losses, or limited our analyses to spontaneous abortions for which a physician was consulted. CONCLUSIONS The use of VDTs and exposure to the accompanying electromagnetic fields were not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in this study.