Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autism -- experiences in a tertiary care hospital.

UNLABELLED Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) or Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) include Autistic Disorder (commonest), Asperger's syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorders, Rett's syndrome and PDD-NOS (not otherwise specified). OBJECTIVE Autism is an important cause of social disability and reported more often from the developed world than from the developing countries. The present study was aimed to establish the diagnosis of autism amongst children with derangements of language, communication and behavior; ascertain and treat the co-morbidities; identify underlying cause and create a sensitivity and awareness among various health care professionals. METHODS Sixty-two of the seventy-five referred patients fulfilled the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder) criteria for autism. Evaluation included a detailed history, clinical examination, IQ assessment, Connor's scoring for hyperactivity and Fragile-X screening. Management of co-morbidities was done. A follow up of these patients was done. Parents' assessment of the child was also done. A registry for autistic children was established at the Department of Pediatrics with other major institutions of Delhi. RESULTS The male:female ratio was 8:1 and missed diagnosis was common. Professional awareness is merited. Behavioral modification by early intervention and stimulation improved the core symptoms of autism. Important co-morbidities included mental retardation (95%), hyperactivity (53%) and seizures (10%) cases. Control of co-morbidities in these children facilitated child's periodic assessment and implementation of intervention programmes. In the registry initiated 62 patients were enrolled at AIIMS and 6 were identified from other hospitals. CONCLUSION Autism does occur in Indian children too. Diagnosis is often missed. Capacity building among health professionals by a more structured teaching of developmental disabilities in the medical curriculum is required. The need to attend to co-morbidities and associated symptoms was clear. The initiation of the registry and beginning of networking was important.
Development of onboard LPM-based header processing and reactive link selection for optical packet and circuit integrated networks

An optical packet and circuit integrated network (OPCInet) will allow diverse services, enhanced functional flexibility, and efficient energy consumption, as optical packet switching (OPS) and optical circuit switching (OCS) links are provided on the same infrastructure. In this paper, we design and develop a control system consisting of header processing for optical packets, signaling and routing for optical path setup, and wavelength resource control and link switching between OPS and OCS for the efficient use of resources. Our onboard optical packet header processor is capable of 16-bit longest prefix matching by embedding a 0.6W (5% of TCAM technology on the same condition), 200 million search-per-second (equivalent to 100 Gbps) forwarding engine LSI, and a statistical memory LSI for retaining the statistical information of processed headers. Reactive control automatically selects a packet or circuit link according to the statistical traffic information from the header processor and works with signaling for optical paths. We present an experimental demonstration of a new control system using a previously developed OPCInet testbed.
Interventions destinées à réduire la mortalité par tuberculose et la transmission de l'infection tuberculeuse dans les pays à revenu faible et moyen*

La tuberculose figure parmi les dix causes principales de mortalite a l’echelle mondiale et frappe tout particulierement les pays a faible revenu. L’article qui suit examine, en passant en revue les publications sur le sujet, l’impact des mesures de lutte antituberculeuse sur la mortalite par tuberculose et la transmission de l’infection ainsi que les obstacles a la generalisation de ces mesures. Il donne egalement des estimations de l’efficacite de diverses interventions au moyen d’un modele propose par Styblo. Les auteurs concluent que le traitement de la tuberculose a frottis positif selon la strategie OMS de traitement de breve duree sous surveillance directe (DOTS) a, de loin, le meilleur impact. La vaccination par le BCG, si elle reduit la mortalite par tuberculose chez l’enfant, n’a probablement qu’une faible incidence sur la transmission de l’infection. Dans certaines circonstances, on peut attendre un impact supplementaire sur la mortalite et la transmission de mesures telles que le traitement des cas a frottis negatif, l’intensification de la recherche des cas de tuberculose a frottis positif et le traitement des patients presentant une co-infection par le bacille tuberculeux et le VIH. Parmi ces interventions, le DOTS possede le meilleur rapport cout-efficacite, a US $5 a 40 par annee de vie ajustee sur l’incapacite (DALY) gagnee. Le cout de la vaccination par le BCG est probablement inferieur a US $50 par DALY gagnee. Le cout du traitement des patients a frottis negatif par DALY gagnee peut atteindre US $100 dans les pays a faible revenu et US $400 dans les pays a revenu moyen. Les autres interventions, par exemple le traitement preventif des patients VIH-positifs, semblent etre d’un moins bon rapport cout-efficacite. Le principal obstacle a la generalisation du DOTS est l’absence de volonte politique, avec pour consequence une insuffisance des moyens financiers et humains consacres a la lutte antituberculeuse. Il semble toutefois, d’apres certains signes encourageants, que cette situation s’ameliore depuis quelques annees. D’autres obstacles tiennent a l’engagement du secteur prive, a la reforme du secteur de la sante, a la capacite gestionnaire des programmes de lutte antituberculeuse, a l’administration du traitement et a l’approvisionnement en medicaments. A l’echelle mondiale, la lutte contre la tuberculose pourrait beaucoup profiter d’innovations techniques, comme la mise au point d’un vaccin conferant une bonne protection contre la tuberculose pulmonaire a frottis positif chez l’adulte, l’adoption de schemas therapeutiques plus simples et de plus courte duree pour le traitement de la tuberculose, qu’il s’agisse de l’infection ou de la maladie, et l’amelioration du diagnostic de l’infection et de la maladie.
Longitudinal neuropsychological outcome in infants and preschoolers with traumatic brain injury

Neuropsychological outcome was evaluated in a prospective, longitudinal follow-up study of children age 4 months to 7 years at injury with either mild-to-moderate (N = 35) or severe (N = 44) traumatic brain injury (TBI). Age-appropriate tests were administered at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after the injury. Performance was compared on (1) composite IQ and motor, (2) receptive and expressive language, and (3) Verbal and Perceptual–Performance IQ scores. In comparison to mild-to-moderate TBI, severe TBI in infants and preschoolers produced deficits in all areas. Interactions between task and severity of injury were obtained. Motor scores were lower than IQ scores, particularly after severe TBI. Both receptive and expressive scores were reduced following severe TBI. Expressive language scores were lower than receptive language scores for children sustaining mild-to-moderate TBI. While severe TBI lowered both Verbal and Perceptual– Performance IQ scores, Verbal IQ scores were significantly lower than Perceptual–Performance IQ scores after mild-to-moderate TBI. Mild injuries may produce subtle linguistic changes adversely impacting estimates of Verbal IQ and expressive language. Within the limited age range evaluated within this study, age at injury was unrelated to test scores: The impact of TBI was comparable in children ages 4 to 41 months versus 42 to 72 months at the time of injury. All neuropsychological scores improved significantly from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. However, no further change in scores was observed from 6 to 24 months after the injury. The persistent deficits and lack of catch-up over time suggest a reduction in the rate of acquisition of new skills after severe TBI. Methodological issues in longitudinal studies of young children were discussed. (JINS, 1997, 3, 581–591.)
Differential expressions of essential and nonessential alpha-tubulin genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two alpha-tubulin genes and one beta-tubulin gene. Gene disruption experiments showed that the alpha 1-tubulin gene (NDA2) is essential whereas the alpha 2 gene is dispensable. The alpha 2-disrupted cells missing alpha 2 transcript and alpha 2 polypeptide could grow and sporulate normally. The alpha 2 gene, however, was expressed in the wild type and the alpha 1 mutant. Alpha 2-Tubulin was distinguished as an electrophoretic band and was assembled into microtubules. The alpha 2-disrupted cells had an increased sensitivity to an antimicrotubule drug thiabendazole, and the alpha 1(cold-sensitive [cs]) alpha 2 (disrupted) cells became not only cs but also temperature sensitive. Northern blot experiments indicated that alpha 2 transcription was minor and constitutive whereas alpha 1 transcription was major and modulated, depending on the gene copy number of the alpha 2 gene. The amounts of alpha 1 and alpha 2 polypeptides estimated by beta-galactosidase activities of the lacZ-fused genes integrated on the chromosome and by intensities of the electrophoretic bands in crude tubulin fractions, however, were comparable, indicating that alpha 2 tubulin is not a minor subtype. We assume that the cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe have no excess tubulin pool. alpha 1 mutants would then be blocked in the cell cycle because only half the amount of functional alpha-tubulin required for growth can be produced by the alpha 2 gene. On the other hand, the alpha 2-disrupted cells became viable because the synthesis of alpha 1 tubulin was increased by transcriptional or translational modulation or both. The real cause for essential alpha 1 and dispensable alpha 2 genes seems to be in their regulatory sequences instead of the coding sequences.
A formação de professores online contribui para a literacia digital docente? Estudo de caso em curso de formação docente online no Brasil

No atual cenario contemporâneo da sociedade em rede, a relacao entre a formacao de professores e a literacia digital docente constitui um debate relevante. Ao mesmo tempo em que cursos de formacao inicial e continuada mediados por tecnologias sao ofertados aos professores para seu aperfeicoamento, estudos apontam para um deficit de literacia digital destes em relacao ao uso social e critico das tecnologias e sua eventual insercao na era digital. Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais da pesquisa de doutoramento em Educacao da Universidade do Minho intitulada: Formacao de professores, Literacia Mediatica e Inclusao Sociodigital: Estudo de caso em curso a distância da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. O objetivo do estudo constitui investigar os impactos dos cursos de formacao online de professores sobre as suas habilidades e competencias para o uso das tecnologias digitais no seu cotidiano e praticas pedagogicas. As categorias de analise sao: formacao de professores, literacia digital ou mediatica e inclusao socio digital. Parte do pressuposto de que os professores em processos de formacao em cursos mediados por tecnologias carecem de literacia digital para o uso das tecnologias na sua vida cotidiana bem como na sua pratica pedagogica frente aos alunos cada vez mais usuarios de tecnologias. A inclusao sociodigital seria uma possivel consequencia deste processo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado com professores que sao cursistas de licenciatura mediada por tecnologias numa universidade publica no interior do Brasil. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, buscou primeiro conhecer o perfil de uso de tecnologias dos participantes no seu cotidiano e pratica pedagogica. Para tal aplicou-se questionarios por email a todos matriculados no curso entre 2010 e 2012 (32 alunos), destes 25 responderam. Os dados coletados revelaram que os participantes utilizam as tecnologias predominantemente de forma instrumental no seu cotidiano e na sala de aula. Com faixa etaria media de 25 a 44 anos, utilizam a internet a menos de 10 anos e ainda estao a adaptar-se as tecnologias. Com o objetivo de aprofundar sobre os impactos da formacao mediada por tecnologias na literacia digital dos professores, realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com seis participantes do curso. Constatou-se que estes consideram relevante a formacao online para inseri-los na era digital, no entanto, relatam dificuldades relacionadas a metodologia e dinâmica do curso, resistencia quanto ao uso das tecnologias na escola, baixa literacia digital no tocante a tecnologias mais complexas e pouco contato pelas redes sociais com seus alunos fora dos espacos formais da escola.
Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.6-based WBANs under co-channel interference

In this paper, interference mitigation and coexistence strategies proposed in IEEE 802.15. 6 standard are investigated within the context of co-channel interference. A comparative evaluation of the reference scenario (which does not use any coexistence scheme), two non-collaborative (i.e., time shared, random channel) and one implicitly collaborative (i.e., CSMA/CA) based coexistence schemes is presented for five co-located bodies. Extensive set of physical, medium access control (MAC) parameters are invoked to realise a comprehensive study with enhanced IEEE 802.15. 6 proposed channel models. It is concluded that there is trade-off between coexistence schemes. For example, time shared and random channel provides much better packet reception ratio (PRR) and energy efficiency, though they suffer in meeting the delay constraints of the IEEE 802.15. 6 standard. Whereas, CSMA/CA based implicit collaborative approach is able to achieve the delay requirements however, it does not perform well both in terms of PRR and energy consumption.
Bacterial detection of the toxicity of dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Polychlorinated dibenzo‐ p‐dioxins (PCDDs), biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were found to induce several specific stresses within bacterial cells. Four different recombinant Escherichia coli with specific stress promoters (i.e., the recA responsive to DNA damage, fabA responsive to membrane damage, katG responsive to oxidative damage, and grpE responsive to protein damage) that were fused to the lux operon from Vibrio fischeri showed very unique specificities in terms of their stress responses in the presence of PCDD and PCBs. In addition, a recombinant bacterium with the lac promoter fused to the lux operon from Xenorhabdus luminescens also showed dose‐dependent responses via a loss of bioluminescence because of the addition of the PCDDs and PCBs. Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE)‐47, −99, and −153 congeners, however, were not found to induce any stress within the bacterial cells, indicating that these chemicals do not stimulate any cellular stresses related to those tested. These three congeners, however, did result in different levels of general cellular toxicity, which was found to be dependent on the position of the bromine. Finally, the cellular toxicity within the bacteria was found to increase when exposed to mixtures of dioxins, PCBs, and PBDEs, possibly from synergistic effects.
[The changes of Th lymphocyte subsets in patients with Behcet disease].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of Th lymphocyte subsets in patients with Behcet disease. METHODS From June 2007 to January 2009, thirty patients (male 16, female 14) with Behcet Disease who got treatment at Beijing Tongren Hospital were collected, whose age range was 21 - 45 years old and the average age was 35 years old. All the patients were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of International Uveitis Study Group, and the other system inflammatory diseases were ruled out. None the patients did receive any anti-inflammatory treatment before getting treatment in the hospital. Thirty health controls (male 15, female 15) were collected in Beijing Tongren Hospital Physical Examination Center. There was on significant difference in age and gender composition between the two groups. Peripheral blood and sera were obtained from 30 patients with Behcet disease and 30 normal persons. The ratio of the subsets of Th cells in peripheral blood was detected by automatic flow cytometer and the IL-17, IL-23, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in sera was detected by ELISA. T-test of independent sampler was used to analysis all the scores of the two groups. RESULTS Compared to normal controls, the patients with Behcet disease had significant higher percentages of Th1 (25.08% ± 7.23%) and Th17 (36.38% ± 17.47%) (t = -1.43, -2.187; P < 0.05) cells and lower percentages of T regulatory cells (Tregs) (4.11% ± 1.32%) (t = 3.70, P < 0.05), and the Th1/Th2 (13.34 ± 2.66) (t = -1.41, P < 0.05) and Th17/Tregs (9.52 ± 5.82) (t = -2.218, P < 0.05) ratio was higher. No differences in the percentages of Th2 cells between patients with Behcet disease and normal controls were observed. Patients with Behcet disease revealed significant increase in peripheral Th17 related cytokines [IL-17 (13.21 ± 4.20) ng/L, IL-6 (6.37 ± 6.51) ng/L, TGF-β1 (4477.20 ± 2146.60) ng/L, IL-23 (10.86 ± 7.86) ng/L] levels (t = -3.61, -2.33, -2.15 and -3.18; P < 0.05) and obvious decrease in Tregs related cytokines [IL-10 (6.27 ± 5.56) ng/L] (t = 5.95, P < 0.05), compared with normal controls. CONCLUSION There are obvious changes in the number of Th17 and Tregs and their related cytokines during the process of Behcet disease, so it can be inferred that Th17 and Tregs probably have some effects on the onset of Behcet disease.
Surface Electromyography for Noninvasive Characterization of Muscle

MERLETTI, R. , A. RAINOLDI, and D. FARINA. Surface electromyography for noninvasive characterization of muscle. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 29, No. 1, pp 20–25, 2001. Linear electrode arrays are used for noninvasive muscle characterization to study individual motor unit properties and the myoelectric manifestations of muscle fatigue during sustained contractions. The location of an electrode pair with respect to the innervation zone(s), the deterministic rather than stochastic nature of the signal, and the possibility of noninvasive fiber typing are discussed.
Tratamiento artroscopico versus cirugia abierta en inestabilidad recurrente anterior de hombro: desarrollo de un meta-analisis

Objetivo: Realizar una evaluacion estadistica de la literatura actual para determinar si los resultados primarios del tratamiento artroscopico superan a los resultados de la cirugia a cielo abierto considerando la patologia inestabilidad anterior recurrente postraurnatica de hombro. Diseno del Estudio: Meta-analisis. Metodos: Se realizo una busqueda electronica en la red MEDLINE de todos los estudios publicados en todos los idiomas que realizan una comparacion de estas dos tecnicas. Se incluyeron articulos hasta el 31 de octubre de ano 2001. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras claves: 1) anterior shoulder instability 2) Bankart lesion 3) Traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability y 4) arthroscopic and open bankart repair. Solo fueron incluidos aquellos articulos que efectuaron una directa comparacion entre estas dos tecnicas. Cada uno de estos articulos fueron manualmente revisados con el motivo de obtener articulos adicionales que no hubiesen sido detectados electronicamente. Se evaluo estadisticamente: inestabilidad recurrente, retorno a las actividades diarias, indice de re-operacion y etiologia de la recurrencia. Resultados: Solo diez articulos fueron incluidos en el analisis final. Segun el tipo de diseno: uno fue experimental verdadero, 2 fueron quasi-experimentales, 4 fueron estudios de cohortes y 3 estudios fueron retrospectivos. El analisis estadistico teniendo en cuenta el Pooled Mantel-Haenszel Odds Ratio para inestabilidad recurrente y para retorno al trabajo fue de 2,22 (p=0.002, 95% CI 1.36,3.65) y 2,85 (p=0.004, 95% Cl 1.40,5.78) respectivamente, a favor de la tecnica realizada a cielo abierto. Conclusion: La cirugia a cielo abierto realizada por un cirujano experimentado supera a la tecnica artroscopica considerando las variables inestabilidad recurrente y retorno a las actividades de la vida diaria. Nivel de Evidencia cientifico: Este meta-analisis combina estudios cientificos nivel uno y tres .
Smoking and chronic obstructive lung disease in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Similar spectra of chronic obstructive lung disease were observed in eight patients with severe and 21 with intermediate alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, but patients with intermediate levels of protease inhibitor became ill when older and following greater cigarette exposure. In 61 presumably healthy relatives of these patients, almost one-half of those with intermediate antitrypsin deficiency who smoked had spirometric evidence of early airways obstruction. Relatives with normal antitrypsin activity did not show this change, nor were perfusion lung scan or diffusing capacity abnormalities as common in normal relatives as in deficient ones. The intermediate deficiency may predispose to lung disease by accentuating an individual's susceptibility to the harmful effects of external irritants. An interaction of genetic and environmental factors suggests that lung disease could be prevented by identifying asymptomatic, susceptible relatives and counseling them against contact with irritants. Since antitrypsin deficiency cannot be reliably recognized by any other means, we advocate that all patients with chronic obstructive lung disease undergo an antitrypsin assay.
Glycoproteins of platelet membranes from Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. A comparison with normal using carbohydrate-specific or protein-specific labelling techniques and high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Platelets from Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patients and from normal donor were surface labeled by techniques specific for sugars (terminal sialic acid, penultimate galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine) and proteins (tyrosine-histidine residues). These labelled platelets were solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulphate and separated on a two-dimensional electrophoretic system [O'Farrell. P. H. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 4007--4021] first according to their isoelectric point (pI) and then according to their molecular weight. In addition, unlabelled sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-solubilized platelets were separated on a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel and the glycoproteins were identified by binding of 125I-labelled Lens culinaris lectin (specific for mannose and glucose). In one Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patient glycoproteins IIbA1 and IIIaA1 were absent and in two others lower amounts of two glycoproteins were found in positions similar or close to these two membrane glycoproteins. The terminal sialic acid moieties of major glycoproteins (IbA1, IbB1 and IIIbA1) were more intensely labelled in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia than in normals and these glycoproteins had an altered pI. A glycoprotein tentatively designated as Ic/IIa(? ) had an altered pI and was labelled more intensely in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia platelets than in normals. A number of low-molecular-weight glycoproteins (IVa, IVb, VII) and one high-molecular weight glycoprotein normally found in platelets of healthy donors were reproducibly not detected in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia platelets. These results obtained by a combination of highly sensitive techniques strongly indicate that in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia the absence or reduction of two major membrane glycoproteins (IIbA1, IIIaA1) is not the only defect but that there appears to be a profound perturbation of the platelet membrane surface.