Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing The Manet Variations, Challenges, Capacity And Protocal Issues

Various deployment ways of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETS) can have widely varying characteristics that have a greater impact on the behaviour of different routing protocols created for these networks. Before directly deploying the applications in such environments, it is most important for developers to understand the potential quantitative behaviour of the variations, challenges, capacity and implementation issues that support their applications. Analytical models exist to describe the behaviour of MANETS, but they are restricted to simplistic statistical models that represent either node mobility or link connectivity individually without considering the interplay of the two and other important aspects of MANETS. In this paper we are trying to analyze and study the MANET environments, challenges and other issues, which will help the researchers to understand the MANET concepts thoroughly.
KR-WordRank : An Unsupervised Korean Word Extraction Method Based on WordRank

Dept. of Industrial and Information Systems Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and TechnologyA Word is the smallest unit for text analysis, and the premise behind most text-mining algorithms is that the words in given documents can be perfectly recognized. However, the newly coined words, spelling and spacing errors, and domain adaptation problems make it difficult to recognize words correctly. To make matters worse, obtaining a sufficient amount of training data that can be used in any situation is not only unrealistic but also inefficient. Therefore, an automatical word extraction method which does not require a training process is desperately needed. WordRank, the most widely used unsupervised word extraction algorithm for Chinese and Japanese, shows a poor word extraction performance in Korean due to different language structures. In this paper, we first discuss why WordRank has a poor performance in Korean, and propose a customized WordRank algorithm for Korean, named KR-WordRank, by considering its linguistic characteristics and by improving the robustness to noise in text documents. Experiment results show that the performance of KR-WordRank is significantly better than that of the original WordRank in Korean. In addition, it is found that not only can our proposed algorithm extract proper words but also identify candidate keywords for an effective document summarization.
Terms and words: Propositions for terminology

To distinguish clearly between words and terms, the first step is to situate general language and language for special purposes. The latter is defined with regard to its users (specialists), its functions (communicating knowledge), and the vocabulary it uses to do so (terms). This enables a clear line to be drawn between lexicology and terminology, positing the existence of lexical units, terminological units, lexical and terminological units, and conceptual units. The relations among these units are examined, and a series of criteria are proposed to distinguish adequately, in regard to their functions of reference and denomination, their relations with meaning and the significance of their form. To do this, terminological units should be considered within a system of concepts and lexical units in a system of language.
Association Rule Mining for Job Shop Scheduling Problem Based on Genetic Algorithm

Job shop scheduling problem (JSP) is the most typical scheduling problem, In the process of JSP based on genetic algorithm (GA), large amounts of data will be produced. Mining them to find the useful information is necessary. In this paper dividing, hashing and array (DHA) association rule mining algorithm is used to find the frequent itemsets which contained in the process, and extract the corresponding association rules. Concept hierarchy is used to interpret the rules, and lots of useful rules appeared. It provides a new way for JSP study.
Customer Relationship Management in Higher Education: Using Information Systems to Improve the Student-School Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore customer relationship management (CRM) in a higher education setting.Design/methodology/approach – The development and implementation of a CRM project in a state community college was examined as were the benefits realized by implementing CRM. As colleges increasingly embrace distance learning and e‐business, CRM will become stronger and more pervasive. Viewing students as customers provides a competitive advantage for higher education and enhances a college's ability to attract, retain and serve its customers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with individuals involved with the planning, development and implementation of a statewide CIS system. Student support personnel were additionally interviewed.Findings – The benefits of implementing CRM in a college setting include a student‐centric focus, improved customer data and process management, increased student loyalty, retention and satisfaction with the college's programs and services.Research lim.
An ultra wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with a linear response

An ultra wide dynamic range (WDR) CMOS image sensor (CIS) and the details of evaluation are presented. The proposed signal readout technique of extremely short accumulation (ESA) enables the dynamic range of image sensor to be expanded up to 146dB. Including the ESA signals, total of 4 different accumulation time signals are read out in one frame period based on burst readout technique. To achieve the high-speed signal readout required for the multiple exposure signals, column parallel A/D converters are integrated at the upper and lower sides of pixel arrays. The improved 12-bits cyclic ADCs with a built-in correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit has the differential non-linearity (DNL) of ±0.3LSB.
Specifying direct manipulation within program editors

Language specific editors, since they are cognisant of the syntax and semantics of the programming language they manipulate, should provide a number of advantages for software developers. However they have not been widely accepted by software developers for serious software development. In other domains, such as drawing and VLSI design, direct manipulation editors (which are also cognisant of the entities they manipulate) have proven to be successful. Consequently, the incorporation of direct manipulation into program editors is worthy of investigation. Furthermore, the generation of editors from descriptions of the language to be handled and the editing mechanisms to be used has a number of advantages. Thus, this paper outlines a technique for specifying direct manipulation editing of programs which is amenable to the generation of language specific editors from a specification of the desired editing mechanisms.
A preliminary investigation of 3D preconditioned conjugate gradient reconstruction for cone-beam CT

Model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) methods based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation have been recently introduced to multi-slice CT scanners. The model-based approach has shown promising image quality improvement with reduced radiation dose compared to conventional FBP methods, but the associated high computation cost limits its widespread use in clinical environments. Among the various choices of numerical algorithms to optimize the MAP cost function, simultaneous update methods such as the conjugate gradient (CG) method have a relatively high level of parallelism to take full advantage of a new generation of many-core computing hardware. With proper preconditioning techniques, fast convergence speeds of CG algorithms have been demonstrated in 3D emission and 2D transmission reconstruction. However, 3D transmission reconstruction using preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) has not been reported. Additional challenges in applying PCG in 3D CT reconstruction include the large size of clinical CT data, shift-variant and incomplete sampling, and complex regularization schemes to meet the diagnostic standard of image quality. In this paper, we present a ramp-filter based PCG algorithm for 3D CT MBIR. Convergence speeds of algorithms with and without using the preconditioner are compared.
How to leave out details: error-preserving abstractions of state-space models

Analyses based on state-space models of execution must omit some details of execution, in order to fold the infinite space of possible program executions into a sufficiently small space for analysis. These simplifications are generally justified by a claim that the resulting analysis is conservative with respect to a certain class of faults, i.e. that the simplification will not cause any faults to be overlooked in the analysis. The author formalized a notion of error-preserving abstractions which captures this claim, gives sufficient conditions for verifying this property in practical cases, and discusses the role of error-preserving abstractions in combining fault detection techniques. <<ETX>>
Speech synthesis models : a review

Models of speech production and how these are used in text-to-speech conversion are reviewed. In the first part of the paper the foundation is laid for an explanation of present day speech synthesisers, and their limitations, through a phonetic description of speech production. The paper then presents a theorectical model of speech production which is the basis of most synthesisers. Next, a number of speech synthesisers are surveyed and their relative merits and shortcomings are considered. The paper ends with a brief look at techniques that are being used in place of the more traditional models of speech production in text-to-speech (TTS) systems and considers possible areas of progress in the future.
On Operations Research and Statistics Techniques: Keys to Quantitative Data Mining

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT With the current information explosion, both Knowledge Discovery in Data Bases (KDD) and Data Mining (DM), one of its most important phases, are becoming ubiquitous. Hence, there is an increasing need for training professionals to work as KDD/DM analysts. On the other hand, statisticians and operations researchers (O.R) combine three skills widely used in KDD/DM: computer programming, systems optimization and data analysis techniques. This document critically overviews the main applications of statistics and O.R. to the quantitative aspects of KDD/DM and presents an illustrative, real life example. Its purposes are, first to alert statisticians and O.R. professionals about the challenges and opportunities that, with little extra training await them in the field of KDD/DM, giving further references about where to learn in-depth about them. Secondly, to provide other KDD professionals, of backgrounds different from statistics and O.R. , a clearer picture about the capabilities statisticians and O.R. researchers bring to the DM analysis area, and about how these can help enhance KDD/DM work, therefore enhancing the interface between the very diverse KDD/DM team members.
Adoption of grounded theory in LIS research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the implementations and implications of Grounded Theory as an exploratory and inductive research method in the LIS studies. The paper seeks to illustrate the opportunities and challenges that this methodology has brought to the methodological paradigms of LIS research body. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on two blended constituents including a selective literature review and the author's personal experience in using Grounded Theory. Regarding the paper's scope it possesses a holistic approach to the issue and does not examine the results of individual reviewed studies in detail. Findings – The results suggest that up to now there have been a considerable number of studies in the LIS area that have successfully employed Grounded Theory. Nevertheless, it does not mean that this methodology is applicable in any research context. Accordingly, there is not a unanimous agreement on the usefulness of this methodology in the research community. Nevertheless, these arguments not only did not diminish the value of Grounded Theory but also helped grounded theorists to enhance this methodology's credibility and trustfulness. Research limitations/implications – Regarding the wide use of Grounded Theory it was not possible to carry out an exhaustive review of all studies that have employed Grounded Theory. However, the reviewed studies in this paper can be considered as a representative of the targeted research body. Providing the research community with an overall image of the applicability of Grounded Theory in LIS research is the main implication of the paper. Future researchers will benefit from the paper by finding out about the nature of this methodology and the aspects that they need to consider before using it. Originality/value – Although Grounded Theory is a widely used methodology, there are few publications about its applicability in LIS research. Therefore, this paper can contribute to the area through providing a holistic picture of the role of this methodology in LIS research.
Principles of program design

The original program design text. This book is about programming for data processing applications, and its purpose is to present a coherent method and procedure for designing systems, programs, and components that are transparently simple and self-evidently correct. The main emphasis is on the structure: on the dissection of a problem into parts and the arrangement of those parts to form a solution.
Online estimation of noise parameters for Kalman filter

A Bayesian probabilistic method is proposed for online estimation of the process noise and measurement noise parameters for Kalman filter. Kalman filter is a well-known recursive algorithm for state estimation of dynamical systems. In this algorithm, it is required to prescribe the covariance matrices of the process noise and measurement noise. However, inappropriate choice of these covariance matrices substantially deteriorates the performance of the Kalman filter. In this paper, a probabilistic method is proposed for online estimation of the noise parameters which govern the noise covariance matrices. The proposed Bayesian method not only estimates the optimal noise parameters but also quantifies the associated estimation uncertainty in an online manner. By utilizing the estimated noise parameters, reliable state estimation can be accomplished. Moreover, the proposed method does not assume any stationarity condition of the process noise and/or measurement noise. By removing the stationarity constraint, the proposed method enhances the applicability of the state estimation algorithm for nonstationary circumstances generally encountered in practice. To illustrate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed method, examples using a fifty-story building with different stationarity scenarios of the process noise and measurement noise are presented.
Direct Fabrication of Ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Mg)/Fe Composite Thin Films by Soft Solution Processing

Spinel ferrite/metal composite thin films of MFe2O4/Fe (M = Zn, Mg) with controlled grain sizes and shape were directly fabricated by a soft solution-processing route that involved the liquid−solid interfacial hydrothermal reaction of an Fe substrate with metal ions M2+ (M = Zn, Mg) in ammonia solution at lower temperatures (<200 °C). The grain particles of ZnFe2O4/Fe composite thin films show a well-developed octahedral shape with highly {111} preferential orientation, whereas the grain particles of MgFe2O4/Fe thin films displayed spherical shape. The saturation magnetization of the ferrite/Fe composites thin films was found to be much improved compared with that of single-phase ferrite products, and the ferrite/Fe thin films displayed superparamagnetism. The present soft-solution processing route will be extended to fabricate other novel ceramic/metal composite thin films.
A Learning Approach to Quality-of-Service Routing for Supporting Multimedia Applications

Multimedia applications such as digital video and audio often have stringent quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. In recent years, several new architectures have been developed for supporting such applications. One Important element that is still missing from these architectures is QoS routing, namely routing based on QoS requirements. In traditional data networks, routing has been primarily concerned with connectivity. Routing Protocols usually characterize the network with a single metric such as hop-count or delay. However to support a wide range of QoS requirements, there is a need to consider multiple metrics such as bandwidth, delay and loss probability while making routing decisions. The problem of determining a path that satisfies multiple constraints is computationally very demanding and in most cases, such problems have been shown to be NP complete. In this paper, we first examine the basic problem of QoS routing and then propose a new, efficient learning algorithm for selection of the optimum path. This algorithm is subsequently utilized to make routing decisions in various routing architectures.
catena -Poly[[aquacalcium(II)]bis(μ-1 H -imidazole-4-carboxylato)-κ 4 N , O : O , O ′;κ 3 O , O ′: O ′]

The structure of the title compound, [Ca(C4H3N2O2)2(H2O)]n, is composed of mol­ecular ribbons in which the CaII ions are bridged by two symmetry-independent imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate ligands. Each CaII ion is coordinated by the N,O-bonding group of one ligand, two carboxyl­ate O atoms of the other ligand, an O atom of the coordinated water mol­ecule and three bridging carboxyl­ate O atoms donated by both ligands. The coordination polyhedron of the CaII ion (coordination number 8) is a bicapped penta­gonal bipyramid with a strongly deformed equatorial plane. The ribbons are held together by a network of hydrogen bonds.
Augmented Reality Aided Design

Ten years after Nielsen wrote about the “next generation interface” [1] we are still largely confined to WIMP [2] interfaces in design computing. A big question that lies ahead is ‘Does the integration of computing technology through Augmented Reality help the formal design investigation process? ’ There are several suggestions that the conventional desktop metaphors are counter-intuitive for understanding spatial relationships [1, 3, 4]. Main concern is the mismatch in mapping of presentation and interface. Looking at other research areas, one can see that the application of Augmented Environments (AE) can enhance the speed of decision making [5] or creates better understanding of complex spatial arrangements [6] due to the fact that information is displayed where it occurs. Obviously, the representation and interaction is crucial for perceptive performance in design sketching as it is in AEs. This article will discuss a software prototype called sketchand+ and the implications of Augmented Reality for digital design.
Adaptation techniques in wireless packet data services

Today's cellular systems are designed to achieve 90-95 percent coverage for voice users (i.e., the ratio of signal to interference plus noise must be above a design target over 90 to 95 percent of the cell area). This ensures that the desired data rate which achieves good voice quality can be provided "everywhere". As a result, SINRs that are much larger than the target are achieved over a large portion of the cellular coverage area. For a packet data service, the larger SINR can be used to provide higher data rates by reducing coding or spreading and/or increasing the constellation density. It is straight-forward to see that cellular spectral efficiency (in terms of b/s/Hz/sector) can be increased by a factor of two or more if users with better links are served at higher data rates. Procedures that exploit this are already in place for all the major cellular standards in the world. In this article, we describe data rate adaptation procedures for CDMA (IS-95), wideband CDMA (cdma2000 and UMTS WCDMA), TDMA (IS-136), and GSM (GPRS and EDGE).
Neural network implementation of plot/track association

Plot/track association consists of assigning radar plots to predicted track positions and is an important feature of all track while scan systems. We demonstrate the feasibility of applying neural network technology to the plot/track association problem in such a way as to achieve good global solutions. The plot/track association problem can be structured in a basic framework very similar to that of the classic Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). Hopfield organization networks have been applied to the TSP by various researchers, but with varying degrees of success because of recurring instability problems. The network presented here seeks to minimize a global cost which is a function of the distances between plots in a given scan of data and the predicted track positions. Additionally, in this paper a novel technique is introduced for helping to alleviate the instability of Hopfield networks.
Quality measures for random variate generation

The lack of a well-defined and meaningful measure of the quality of computer generated correlated random variates complicates the design and comparison of generation algorithms for communications system simulation applications. This paper presents quantitative quality measures for computer-generated random variates having a multivariate Gaussian distribution or having a distribution that derives from the multivariate Gaussian distribution. These measures are, in particular, useful for digital communication system simulation applications. A theoretical basis for the definition of the measures is given and it is shown that the measures also possess useful intuitive interpretations. Examples of the use of these quality measures are provided.
Wavelength tunable laser using silica double ring resonators

A wavelength tunable laser having a wide tuning range is a key device in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communication systems and has been studied by many research institutes. Recently, compared to WDM with the objective of expanding the transmission capacity, methods such as Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing (ROADM), Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS), and wavelength routing with the objective of improving network flexibility have been studied extensively. Wavelength tunable lasers are widely recognized as fulfilling the important role of lowering the costs and advancing the functions of these systems. Today, wavelength tunable lasers having various methodologies and configurations have been proposed, but each has its advantages and disadvantages. We studied a configuration using a silica double ring optical resonator and a semiconductor amplifier as a simpler methodology with a simple configuration and lower costs. Using this configuration, we achieved 45-nm wavelength tunable operation capable of covering the C-band or the L-band in WDM optical communications with sufficient margin by combining an external planar lightwave circuit (PLC) resonator and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in several milli-squares. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(3): 34–41, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20212