Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Block to multiplication of adenovirus serotype 2 in monkey cells

The block to adenovirus 2 (Ad2) multiplication in monkey cells can be overcome by coinfection with simian virus 40 (SV40). To identify this block we have compared the synthesis of Ad2 proteins in monkey cells infected with Ad2 alone (unenhanced) or with Ad2 plus SV40 (enhanced). Synthesis of viral proteins in enhanced cells was virtually identical to that found for permissive infection of human cells by Ad2 alone. In contrast, the unenhanced cells were strikingly deficient in the production of the IV (fiber) and 11.5K proteins whereas the synthesis of 100K and IVa2 was normal. Synthesis of a number of other proteins such as II, V, and P-VII was partially reduced. A similar specific reduction in synthesis of these proteins was found when their messages were assayed by cell-free translation. This result suggests that the block to Ad2 protein synthesis is at the RNA level rather than with the translational machinery of monkey cells. Analysis of the complexity and the concentration of Ak2-specific RNAs, using hybridization of restriction endonuclease fragments of the Ad2 genome to increasing concentrations of RNA, shows that although all species of late Ad2 mRNA are present, the concentration of several species is reduced sevenfold or more in unenhanced monkey cells as compared with enhanced cells. These species come from regions of the genome known to encode the deficient proteins. A model for the failure of adenovirus to multiply in monkey cells, based on abnormal processing of specific adenovirus messages, is presented.
A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether smoking and HLA-DR shared epitope (SE) genes may interact in triggering immune reactions to citrulline-modified proteins. METHODS In a case-control study involving patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we studied interactions between a major environmental risk factor (smoking), major susceptibility genes included in the SE of HLA-DR, and the presence of the most specific autoimmunity known for RA (i.e., antibodies to proteins modified by citrullination). Immunostaining for citrullinated proteins in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was used to investigate whether smoking is associated with citrullination in the lungs. RESULTS Previous smoking was dose-dependently associated with occurrence of anticitrulline antibodies in RA patients. The presence of SE genes was a risk factor only for anticitrulline-positive RA, and not for anticitrulline-negative RA. A major gene-environment interaction between smoking and HLA-DR SE genes was evident for anticitrulline-positive RA, but not for anticitrulline-negative RA, and the combination of smoking history and the presence of double copies of HLA-DR SE genes increased the risk for RA 21-fold compared with the risk among nonsmokers carrying no SE genes. Positive immunostaining for citrullinated proteins was recorded in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from smokers but not in those from nonsmokers. CONCLUSION We identified an environmental factor, smoking, that in the context of HLA-DR SE genes may trigger RA-specific immune reactions to citrullinated proteins. These data thus suggest an etiology involving a specific genotype, an environmental provocation, and the induction of specific autoimmunity, all restricted to a distinct subset of RA.
Kidd Blood Group and Urea Transport Function of Human Erythrocytes Are Carried by the Same Protein (*)

The gene encoding the urea transporter of human erythrocytes (HUT11 clone) has been cloned recently (Olives, B., Neau, P., Bailly, P., Hediger, M. A., Rousselet, G., Cartron, J. P., and Ripoche, P.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31649-31652). Now, this gene has been assigned to chromosome 18q12-q21 by in situ hybridization, as also found for the Kidd (Jk) blood group locus. In coupled transcription-translation assays, the HUT11 cDNA directed the synthesis of a 36-kDa protein which was immunoprecipitated by a human anti-Jk3 antibody produced by immunized Jk(a-b-) donors whose red cells lack Kidd antigens. The anti-Jk3 antibody also immunoprecipitated a protein material of 46-60 kDa from all red cell membranes, except those from Jk(a-b-) cells. After N-glycanase digestion the 46-60-kDa component was reduced to 36 kDa. A rabbit antibody raised against the predicted NH2-terminal amino-acids of the HUT11 protein reacted on immunoblots with a 46-60-kDa component present in all human erythrocytes except those from Jk(a-b-) individuals. Jk(a-b-) red cells lack the Kidd/urea transport protein and have a selective defect of the urea transport capacity, but a normal water permeability and aquaporin-associated Colton blood group antigens. These findings indicate that the erythrocyte urea transporter is encoded by the Kidd locus and may have implications for the biology of urea transporters and their tissue-specific regulation.
Grant-Free Access for IoT in Beyond-5G Systems: The Potential of Receiver Diversity

The impressive increase in market penetration of internet of things (IoT) services and the flourishing of targeted technology solutions forecast a prominent role for these applications in upcoming networks. For their success, the design of efficient grant-free based medium sharing policies is paramount, and represents a key challenge for beyond-5G systems. Motivated by this, the article reviews some recent results on the potential of receiver diversity, which is emerging as a very promising approach to boost performance of random access for machine-type communications.
Role of Streptomycin‐Sensitive Stretch‐Activated Channel in Chest Wall Impact Induced Sudden Death (Commotio Cordis)

Introduction: Deaths secondary to low‐energy impacts to the precordium in young individuals (commotio cordis) have been reported with increasing frequency. In a swine model, baseball impacts induce ventricular fibrillation when directed at the center of the left ventricle during the vulnerable portion of repolarization just prior to the T‐wave peak. It has been hypothesized that activation of stretch‐sensitive channels could be crucial for this electrophysiological phenomenon. In this study, a nonselective stretch‐activated cation channel was pharmacologically blocked prior to chest blows to determine whether this channel represents a possible pathway by which commotio cordis events occur.
Patterns of temperament and character in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the temperament and character patterns of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and to investigate the relationship between patterns of temperament and character and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. METHOD The subjects were 40 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for OCD and 40 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched healthy controls. All subjects completed Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. Other instruments included the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS OCD patients showed significantly higher scores of harm avoidance and lower scores of novelty seeking and self-directedness compared with healthy comparison subjects. In addition, the high harm avoidance and low self-directedness scores are correlated with a greater severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD subjects (multiple regression analysis, beta = 0.39, t = 2.54, df = 34, p = .016; beta = -0.41, t = 2.46, df = 34, p = .019, respectively). CONCLUSION OCD patients had distinct patterns of temperament and character compared with healthy comparison subjects. In addition, these patterns are specifically related to the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
[Study on the re-emerging situation of schistosomiasis epidemics in areas already under control and interruption].

OBJECTIVE To study the current situation and the cause of schistosomiasis resurgence in order to provide reference for formulation of control strategy. METHODS Data in 1999 - 2003 and baseline data in some areas were collected and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Resurgence was seen in 6.15% (16/260) of the areas and one farm where transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted and 33.33% (21/64) of the areas already under control. Snails appeared to have been rebounded only in six counties (farm) while in thirty two counties that rebound was seen in both snails and disease prevalence. Tendency of increase in the total numbers of patients, acute patients and cattle with schistosomiasis, areas with snails were seen from 1999 to 2003. CONCLUSIONS Environmental, ecological, societal factors such as flood, acequia, lack of expenditure and lack of incentives at work etc. contributed to the resurgence of epidemics in those areas that criteria had been reached. Surveillance and supervision on the sources of infection and snail diffusion, especially in the areas where the transmission of schistosomiasis had already been under control.
Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus in children: An institutional study at highly active antiretroviral therapy centre in India

Context: More than 1000 children are newly infected with Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) every day, and of these more than half will die as a result of AIDS due to lack of access to HIV treatment. HIV disease varies considerably in children. Among those infected prenatally, some experience few or no symptoms for years, whereas in others the disease progresses rapidly. The risk factors that influence the development of such oral manifestations include, low CD4+ T cell count, xerostomia and lack of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Aims: To identify the oral manifestations of HIV in children receiving HAART. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 95 children receiving HAART. 95 HIV +ve children not receiving HAART and 95 HIV –ve children were also included for comparing the manifestations of HIV. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's Chi-square test. Probability value (P value) was obtained for the three groups. Results: The manifestations of HIV that were observed in children receiving HAART include dental caries (26%), periodontal diseases (23%), candidiasis (19%), hyperpigmentation (17%), ulcerative stomatitis (9%) and one case of mucocele. These manifestations were compared with HIV +ve children not receiving HAART and HIV –ve children to find manifestations with statistical significance. Conclusions: We conclude that HAART had increased the disease-free states in HIV +ve children on HAART promising them better life span. The incidence of oral lesions can further come down with adequate oral hygiene measures in HIV-infected children.
Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques for 4G/5G Planar Antenna

5G New Radio (NR) is becoming an increasingly interesting topic in the field of mobile communications. It requires to fulfill the requirements of better quality of service and high data rate for the wireless applications. 5G antennas are required to have a small size to fit into smart phones and to cover the maximum band of operation. In this paper, different techniques are introduced that maximize the band of operation whilst keeping the antenna size to minimal, and an antenna is proposed that covers the frequency band 1.24 - 5GHz except for the band 2.3 - 3 GHz of the 4G/5G NR bands.
Screening of Neonatal Calves for Persistent Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Immunohistochemistry on Skin Biopsy Samples

ABSTRACT Detection and elimination of cattle that are persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is important for controlling the transmission of this virus. Colostrum-derived antibodies make the detection of persistently BVDV-infected neonatal calves cumbersome and expensive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy samples from neonatal calves as a method for the early detection of persistent BVDV infection. Three hundred thirty-two 1- to 4-week-old dairy calves were screened for BVDV as part of a routine control program. Formalin-fixed skin biopsy samples were stained for BVDV antigen by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the results were compared to those of virus isolation (VI) from white blood cell preparations. Six calves were positive by both IHC and VI and remained positive for BVDV upon subsequent follow-up testing; thus, they were classified as persistently infected with BVDV. One calf was positive by VI but negative by IHC. On subsequent testing, the calf was negative by VI, suggesting that the initial VI result was due to an acute BVDV infection. One calf was positive by IHC but negative by VI. This calf remained negative by VI on follow-up testing. Immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy samples is a reliable method for screening neonatal calves for persistent BVDV infection and would be a useful management tool as an aid for controlling and preventing BVDV infection.
An Environment Modeling Method in Automatic Layout of UUV Piping

In order to solve the problems of the large computation, the narrow space and the complicated piping constraints in a whole Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV), a grid-based environment modeling method for piping layout of all-UUV space was proposed. Firstly, considering the characteristics of UUV piping distribution along the bulkhead, the method of coordinate transformation is adopted to realize dimensionality reduction. Then, the adaptive grid method based on Statistical Information Grid clustering algorithm is used to generate different grid granularity for different obstacles, so as to reduce the calculation amount in the layout of the whole UUV space piping. Finally, based on the two-dimensional grid diagram, the accessibility metric function is set to represent the accessibility attribute of the grid, which provides the basis for the establishment of the objective function in the pipeline layout algorithm. Simulation results show that this method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of UUV piping layout.
Clinical analysis of steep central islands after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

PURPOSE To examine topographic irregularities known as steep central islands that may occur after excimer laser refractive surgery and affect visual acuity. METHODS We reviewed the computed corneal topographic maps of 35 eyes that had undergone excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy with an excimer laser for compound myopic astigmatism or anisometropic myopia. Steep central islands were defined as areas of steepening of at least 3 diopters and 1.5 mm in diameter. A classification system was developed based on the presence of steep central islands during the postoperative period as follows: class 0, absent; class 1, present at 1 week; class 2, present at 1 month; class 3, present at 3 months. RESULTS Steep central islands were seen in 25 eyes (71%) at 1 week, 18 eyes (51%) at 1 month, seven eyes (20%) at 3 months, and four eyes (11%) at 6 months. After surgery without nitrogen gas blowing, 16 of 25 patients had class 2 or 3 steep central islands compared with two of 10 eyes when gas blowing was used. Loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 2 Snellen lines or more was seen in eight of 18 eyes with class 2 or 3 steep central islands at 1 month and three of 18 eyes at 3 months. A similar loss occurred in one of 17 eyes with class 0 or 1 steep central islands at 1 month and none of 17 eyes at 3 months. In all eyes with only class 2 steep central islands, loss of at least 1 Snellen line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 1 month was associated with visual restoration at 3 months when the island was no longer present. CONCLUSION Loss of best spectacle-correlated visual acuity is associated with steep central island formation, and may prolong visual rehabilitation after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.
Recent advances in liver stem cell therapy

Purpose of review Patients with liver cirrhosis often require liver transplantation, which remains the only effective treatment of the end-stage cirrhosis. Here we briefly summarize the current concepts in treatment of liver diseases based on the transplantation of intrahepatic liver cells, capable of repopulating the injured liver. These cells include hepatocytes, oval cells (bipotential intrahepatic progenitor cells), bone marrow hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Recent findings Although liver transplantation remains the only conventional treatment, liver cell transplantation is an experimental procedure which has been successfully used in clinical trials in patients with acute liver failure, chronic liver disease with end-stage cirrhosis. Extraordinary progress has been made in the field of hepatic progenitors and iPS. Liver precursor cells (oval cells) are recognized as bipotential precursor cells in the damaged liver. They can rapidly proliferate, change their cellular composition, and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to compensate for the cellular loss and maintain liver homeostasis in animal models of liver injury. Similarly, iPS are somatic cells obtained from patients and differentiated into hepatocytes in vitro. Future studies of iPS are designed to develop of specific conditions to expand and in vitro differentiate somatic cells into functionally mature liver cells. Summary The current review defines and discusses different populations of hepatic cells which can be potentially used for liver cell transplantation to advance the therapy of hepatic cirrhosis.
Tic-Related School Problems: Impact on Functioning, Accommodations, and Interventions

Children with Tourette’s syndrome (TS) are statistically overrepresented in special education classes; however, the extent to which tics contribute to such placement is unclear. In this article, the results of a survey of parents or guardians of 71 children and adolescents with TS are described within the broader context of discussing the impact of tics and educational practices. One half of the respondents reported moderate to significant tic-related academic impact, and 48% reported moderate to significant tic-related peer problems. Peer education and in-school counseling were generally not offered nor provided. In the minority of cases where behavioral interventions for tics were reported, contingent aversive consequences were reported to be ineffective or counterproductive, while positive reinforcement for modifying tics reportedly produced some successful results. The identification of research-validated academic accommodations and increased involvement of school psychologists are suggested as necessary and potentially helpful supports for students with TS and their teachers.
Six Key Features of Machine Type Communication in 6G

While 5G is being rolled out in different parts of the globe, several research groups around the world have already started posing the question: What will the sixth generation (6G) be? The 6G vision is a data-driven society, enabled by near instant unlimited wireless connectivity. Driven by the impetus to provide vertical-specific wireless network solutions, machine type communication encompassing both its mission critical and massive connectivity aspects is foreseen to be an important cornerstone of 6G development. An over-arching vision for machine type communication in 6G networks is presented in paper. In this regard, some relevant performance indicators are first discussed, followed by a presentation of key enablers.
Control and protection strategy for a three-phase single-stage boost type grid-connected current source inverter for PV applications

Renewable or Sustainable Energy (SE) sources such as photovoltaic (PV) cells usually generate variable power. Hence power electronic circuits are used to extract maximum power from these sources at all times. Further, Grid-integration demands tight technical standards to be met. Hence novel power electronic converter topologies are used to bring down the level of harmonics while interfacing the SE sources with the utility of fixed grid voltage. These two functions can be performed using two separate power conversion stages. But this would reduce the overall efficiency and reliability of the system. Hence, it is desirable to use a single power electronic conversion stage to perform both the functions. This paper evaluates a single stage power electronic converter topology capable of boosting the variable dc voltage towards the ac mains. The chosen topology, a Current Source Inverter (CSI), is used as an interface between the PV source and the utility. The paper discusses the principle of operation, control and protection strategy used for this topology. Experimental results of the Grid-Connected (GC) Current Source Inverter (CSI) based PV system using real time Digital Signal Processor dSPACE are also presented. Finally three phase sinusoidal currents are injected into the grid at unity power factor (UPF).
The N‐terminal amphipathic region of the Escherichia coli type III secretion system protein EspD is required for membrane insertion and function

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is a causative agent of gastrointestinal and diarrheal diseases. These pathogenic E. coli express a syringe‐like protein machine, known as the type III secretion system (T3SS), used for the injection of virulence factors into the cytosol of the host epithelial cell. Breaching the epithelial plasma membrane requires formation of a translocation pore that contains the secreted protein EspD. Here we demonstrate that the N‐terminal segment of EspD, encompassing residues 1–171, contains two amphipathic domains spanning residues 24–41 and 66–83, with the latter of these helices being critical for EspD function. Fluorescence and circular dichroism analysis revealed that, in solution, His6‐EspD1–171 adopts a native disordered structure; however, on binding anionic small unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylserine, His6‐EspD1–171 undergoes a pH depended conformational change that increases the α‐helix content of this protein approximately sevenfold. This change coincides with insertion of the region circumscribing Trp47 into the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. On the HeLa cell plasma membrane, His6‐EspD1–171 forms a homodimer that is postulated to promote EspD–EspD oligomerization and pore formation. Complementation of ΔespD null mutant bacteria with an espDΔ66–83 gene showed that this protein was secreted but non‐functional.
Simple and sensitive determination of malondialdehyde in human urine and saliva using UHPLC-MS/MS after derivatization with 3,4-diaminobenzophenone.

Malondialdehyde has been used as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation in biological samples. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine the levels of malondialdehyde in human urine and saliva samples. To select the optimum derivatization reagent from four diamino compounds, the reactivity and sensitivity of their derivatives were compared, and 3,4-diaminobenzophenone was selected. The optimum reaction conditions for malondialdehyde with 3,4-diaminobenzophenone were as follows: a reagent dosage of 50 mg/L, pH of 4, and reaction for 30 min at 50°C. The formed derivative product was analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry without additional extraction or concentration steps. In the optimal conditions, the method was used to determine malondialdehyde concentration in human urine and saliva samples. The limits of quantification for malondialdehyde in biological samples were over a concentration range of 0.1-0.3 μg/L. Additionally, the calibration curve showed a linearity greater than r2 = 0.997. The method was used to analyze 14 human urine and saliva samples from healthy volunteers. Malondialdehyde was detected in the concentration range of 1.7-33.6 μg/g creatinine in all human urine samples and 0.1-1.3 μg/L in all human saliva samples.