Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoglin for tumor imaging and targeted cancer therapy

Introduction: Although cancer treatment has evolved substantially in the past decades, cancer-related mortality rates are still increasing. Therapies targeting tumor angiogenesis, crucial for the growth of solid tumors, mainly target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and have been clinically applied during the last decade. However, these therapies have not met high expectations, which were based on therapeutic efficacy in animal models. This can partly be explained by the upregulation of alternative angiogenic pathways. Therefore, additional therapies targeting other pro-angiogenic pathways are needed. Areas covered: The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway plays an important role in (tumor) angiogenesis. Therefore, components of this pathway are interesting candidates for anti-angiogenic therapy. Endoglin, a co-receptor for various TGF-β family members, is specifically overexpressed in tumor vessels and endoglin expression is associated with metastasis and patient survival. Therefore, endoglin might be a good candidate for anti-angiogenic therapy. In this review, we discuss the potential of using endoglin to target the tumor vasculature for imaging and therapeutic purposes. Expert opinion: Considering the promising results from various in vitro studies, in vivo animal models and the first clinical trial targeting endoglin, we are convinced that endoglin is a valuable tool for the diagnosis, visualization and ultimately treatment of solid cancers.
The toxicology of ion-shedding zinc oxide nanoparticles

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are nanomaterials that are widely used in many fields. ZnO NPs are ion-shedding particles, and zinc ions produce important and potent effects that differ from those of other metal or metal oxide NPs. Several studies have reported the toxicological effects of ZnO NPs administered via several different routes, including orally, dermally, by pulmonary absorption, intraperitoneally, and intravenously. Some potential routes for human exposure have produced various toxic effects in animal models. Moreover, several in vitro studies using a range of cell lines have reported the mechanisms underlying ZnO NP toxicity. Zinc ions play a very important role in ZnO NP toxicity, although the effects of the particulate form cannot be excluded. A crucial determinant of toxicity is the solubility of ZnO NPs, which is influenced by various factors, including the pH of the environment in tissues, cells, and organelles. In addition to the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress known to be induced by ZnO NPs, these NPs also exhibit some positive anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and pro-coagulant effects at sub-toxic doses; these effects are probably induced by zinc ions, which are an essential element in cell homeostasis. It is highly likely that there are additional distinct mechanisms at sub-toxic doses and concentrations, which may be concealed or altered by the toxic effects observed at higher levels of ZnO NPs. Furthermore, many signaling pathway molecules associated with necrosis and apoptosis can be activated, leading to cell death. This review presents the status of ZnO NP toxicology and highlights areas requiring further investigation.
Novel Chip-Last Method for Embedded Actives in Organic Packaging Substrates

Embedded actives are to bury thinned active chips into package substrates, as opposed to surface mounted devices (SMDs), which can achieve smaller form factor, better electrical performance and higher functionality than the SMD technology. While many embedded actives have been explored so far, they are based on chip-first and -middle approaches, in which the active chips are embedded before and during the build-up processes of package substrates, respectively. The most concern with those two current approaches is the loss accumulation associated with the build-up layer processes carried out right on top of the embedded chips, which is highly likely to lose the embedded chips during their packaging process. The reworkability to replace the faulty chips embedded with good ones and thermal management of the embedded chips are also issues since the embedded chips are totally surrounded by hard-cured polymers. In this paper, chip-last embedded active has been proposed to address some of the issues that are reported in current chip-first and -middle approaches, in which chips are embedded after all the package substrate processes including the build-up layers are completed, just like conventional SMD packaging. In the chip-last approach, a cavity is introduced within the build-up layers of package substrate and a chip is directly embedded into the cavity. A first proto-type of the chip-last embedded active will be demonstrated by developing various cavity formation processes within the build-up layers and then embedding 100 μm thick chips into the defined cavities.
Molecular diversity of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C alleles in a North Indian population as determined by PCR‐SSOP

We have used molecular methods to determine the frequencies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A, ‐B and ‐C alleles in normal, healthy, unrelated individuals from North India using polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes as there is no comprehensive report showing molecular diversity of all the class‐I alleles present in North Indians. A*0101, A*0206, A*0301, A*1101, A*6801, A*2401 and A*3101 were the most prevalent alleles of the A locus with 91.11% of the samples showing heterozygosity. At the HLA‐B locus a total of 47 B locus alleles were observed and the only allele found with an allele frequency of 15% was B*5801. Other frequent B‐locus alleles observed were B*5101, B*3503 and B*4006 with relatively less frequent alleles like B*5201, B*3501, B*0702, B*4403, B*5701, B*1801 and B*5501. Of the samples studied 92.31% were heterozygous for B‐locus alleles. Cw*0602 and Cw*0401 were the most frequent C‐locus alleles. Other frequent C‐locus alleles were Cw*0102, Cw*0302, Cw*0701, Cw*0702, Cw*1202, Cw*1203, Cw*1502 and Cw*1503. HLA alleles common in Africans like B*5801, A*68012, B*5301, B*44032, B*4006 and Cw*1701 were observed in the North Indians besides oriental alleles like B*1301, B*1502 and B*4001 confirming that the genetic make‐up of North Indians is Caucasoid with elements of Mongoloid and Negrito races. Some new/rare alleles like B*1802, described as a new allele from Thailand and B*8101, described earlier in a Bubi population were also observed although with low frequencies, showing the diversity of HLA class‐I alleles present in the North Indians.
The effect of size on the fast-start performance of rainbow trout Salmo cairdneri, and a consideration of piscivorous predator-prey interactions.

The fast-start (acceleration) performance of seven groups of rainbow trout from 9-6 to 38-7 cm total length was measured in response to d.c. electric shock stimuli. Two fast-start kinematic patterns, L- and S-start were observed. In L-starts the body was bent into an L or U shape and a recoil turn normally accompanied acceleration. Free manoeuvre was not possible in L-starts without loss of speed. In S-starts the body was bent into an S-shape and fish accelerated without a recoil turn. The frequency of S-starts increased with size from 0 for the smallest fish to 60-65% for the largest fish. Acceleration turns were common. The radius of smallest turn for both fast-start patterns was proportional to length (L) with an overall radius of 0-17 L. The duration of the primary acceleration stages increased with size from 0-07 s for the group of smallest fish to 0-10 s for the group of largest fish. Acceleration rates were independent of size. The overall mean maximum rate was 3438 cm/s2 and the average value to the end of the primary acceleration movements was 1562 cm/s2. The distance covered and velocity attained after a given time for fish accelerating from rest were independent of size. The results are discussed in the context of interactions between a predator and prey fish following initial approach by the predator. It is concluded that the outcome of an interaction is likely to depend on reaction times of interacting fish responding to manoeuvres initiated by the predator or prey. The prey reaction time results in the performance of the predator exceeding that of the prey at any instant. The predator reaction time and predator error in responses to unpredictable prey manoeuvre are required for prey escape. It is predicted that a predator should strike the prey within 0-1 s if the fish are initially 5-15 cm apart as reported in the literature for predator-prey interactions. These distances would be increased for non-optimal prey escape behaviour and when the prey body was more compressed or depressed than the predator.
Postoperative intra-abdominal pressure and renal function after liver transplantation.

HYPOTHESIS Intra-abdominal hypertension frequently threatens renal function early after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). DESIGN A prospective study of consecutive patients who underwent OLT. SETTING The intensive care unit of a National Health Service teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) of 108 consecutive patients who underwent OLT was postoperatively measured 3 times a day for 72 hours using the urinary bladder technique. Intra-abdominal hypertension was defined as an IAP of 25 mm Hg or higher. RESULTS Thirty-four patients (31%) had a high IAP. Acute renal failure developed in 17 recipients (16%), 11 (65%) of whom had intra-abdominal hypertension (P<.01), with a mean +/- SD IAP of 27.9 +/- 9.9 mm Hg vs 18.6 +/- 5.2 mm Hg in those without acute renal failure (P<.001). The subjects with a high IAP were more frequently administered loop diuretics to maintain adequate diuresis (P<.001) and had a low mean arterial pressure on the day of surgery (P<.01), despite the fact that they were given more intravenous fluids (P<.01) and did not differ in the need for inotropic drugs. Logistic regression analysis showed that intraoperative transfusions of more than 15 U, respiratory failure, and intra-abdominal hypertension (P<.01) were independent risk factors for renal failure. The length of intensive care unit stay was similar in the patients with a normal and a high IAP, but mortality was higher among the latter (P =.02). CONCLUSIONS Intra-abdominal hypertension is common after OLT and is significantly associated with renal failure, reduced urinary output, and intensive care unit mortality. It is, therefore, worth monitoring IAP in those undergoing OLT.
Good Governance at the Regional Level

Dobra vladavina kao realizacija autopoietske organizacije na najnižoj razini (jedinstvo, kognitivna otvorenost, normativna zatvorenost) u kojoj su lokalna i regioanlna samouprava conditio sine qua non dostatnog ekonomskog, socijalnog, politickog i kulturanog razvoja.
Geography: the substance of tourism

Geographers were among the very earliest academics to ponder, theorize and examine the socio-spatial manifestations of tourism. Geographers’ analytical toolkits were especially valuable in understanding regional patterns, tourism’s impacts on places, the industry’s spatial growth, and the flows of people between their homes and their destinations. Since the 1980s and 1990s, however, the contributions of geography have far surpassed the normative perspectives that are commonly assumed to be the province of geographers. While this may relate directly to the post-disciplinarity of the twenty-first century, it is more likely that geographers are now assuming a broader role in understanding not only spatial patterns and human–environment interactions but also behavioral patterns, socio-economic impacts, sense of place and place-bound identities, globalization, and management. In the past quarter century, we have seen the pervasive hand of economic, social, political, historical, cultural, development, environmental, health, urban, rural, and population geographies, as well as other subfields of geography, in shedding light on many aspects of tourism. There has been an increase in geographical analysis of tourism planning, urban development, tourism policy, and economic and social development through tourism (Brouder & Ioannides, 2014; Rodr ıguez, Williams, & Hall, 2014; Saarinen & Rogerson, 2014; Scheyvens, 1999; Wall & Mathieson, 2006). Research on tourism landscapes, gendered spaces, and many aspects of heritage tourism is gaining prominence among tourism geographers (Aitchison, MacLeod, & Shaw, 2014; Krakover, 2017; Pritchard & Morgan, 2000; Terkenli, 2004; Timothy, 2011), and given the increasingly turbulent world we live in, we are seeing a proliferation in research about globalization, border issues, security and geopolitics in the context of tourism (Gelbman, 2008; Gelbman & Timothy, 2011; Mostafanezhad & Norum, 2016; Prokkola, 2010; Więckowski & Ceri c, 2016). A prominent area of increasing importance is the crossover between tourism and geospatial technology. Much scholarly attention is currently being devoted to ‘neogeography’ or ‘volunteered geographic information (VGI)’, commonly known as user-generated content. Social media and various GIS-related applications and platforms have become a salient source of tourism data in recent years (Ricker, Johnson, & Sieber, 2013). Platforms such as Google Earth, Wikitravel, TripAdvisor and Wikimapia enable and encourage travelers to provide their own opinions, ratings, and practical information for other travelers. As well, social media is now targeted by destinations and individual service providers as a means of disseminating information and undertaking promotional campaigns. GIS technology as both an enhancer of tourist experiences (e.g. mobile phone apps and heritage site guides) and as a means of tracking tourists’ movements and behaviors (Bohlin & Brandt, 2014; Shoval, Isaacson, & Chhetri, 2013) has recently become a prominent domain of geography-inspired research.
Immunoreactivity of Tenascin-C in Dentin Matrix in Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Associated with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (01) is a heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders, assigned to different mutations in type I collagen genes. A variety of structural abnormalities of dentin have been described in dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) associated with OI. To clarify further the constitution of the dentin matrix in 01, we immunostained frozen and paraffin sections of deciduous teeth from four patients, each from a different family, with two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TN-C). One of the MAbs recognizes an epitope common to all TN-C isoforms (BC-4), and the other is specific for a splicing variant (BC-2). Normal teeth, oral mucosa, and skin were analyzed for comparison. Staining patterns with the two MAbs did not differ markedly. Normal dentin matrix and odontoblasts were lacking reactivity, but the pulp stained clearly. TN-C reactivity was present in the dentin matrix of all teeth obtained from two patients with different OI phenotypes and DI, and in one out of three teeth from one patient who also had DI. The reactivity was distributed in layers, but the staining patterns varied from one patient to another and from tooth to tooth. Intratubular staining seen in a tooth from the patient with clinically and histologically normal teeth was comparable with that present in normal deciduous teeth. The variation in TN-C expression suggests that, besides genetic heterogeneity, epigenetic factors could influence the composition of the dentin matrix in OI.
Tourism information technology research trends: 1990-2016

Purpose The advancement of data analysis tools makes analyzing a huge amount of literature possible. This paper aims to identify tourism information technology research trends with the assistance of Toolkit for Academic Research (CATAR) to answer two research questions: the status of tourism information technology (IT) articles published in these selected journals from 1990 to 2016, and whether the number of Tourism IT articles is increasing or decreasing, and the main research topics studied in these articles from 1990 to 2016, and whether those have shifted over the 27 years. Design/methodology/approach Selected keywords identified by researchers that were used to extract Tourism IT articles published in Web of Science database. CATAR was used to carry out two analyses, namely, overview analysis and breakdown analysis. Overview analysis is performed to apply citation analysis to identify the general trend and the most cited reference of Tourism IT research represented by the selected articles. Breakdown analysis is based on bibliographic coupling (BC) analysis. Findings The number of Tourism IT publications grew rapidly in the second half of the 2000s, as mobile phones with touch screens became increasingly popular. It signals changes in the way of information searching behaviors. A total of 769 authors from 44 countries contributed to Tourism IT research. The USA, China, UK and Australia are the countries contributing the most. Six subject areas were revealed, namely, the interaction of people and organization; interaction of people and information; interaction of people and technology; technological implementation; the interaction of organization and information; and interaction of organization and technology. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this study must be considered – the use of data merely derived from WoS database. The BC analysis makes a comparison between references of the given articles. This analysis requires the citation sources with better data quality, which is mainly based on the accuracy and standardization of databases. WoS is the database currently fit this requirement. The emergence of the new citation tools will enable scholars to pull data from new databases and to clean the data. Incorporating data from those new databases will reveal more accurate and comprehensive picture of Tourism IT research trend. Originality/value This paper revealed the research trend and major research subject areas of Tourism IT research for the past 16 years. The results can assist scholars to quickly grasp the Tourism IT research. This paper also provides an alternative approach to conduct literature review with computer-assisted analysis program.
Widowed mothers' coresidence with adult children.

OBJECTIVES Coresidence is one way that middle-aged offspring assist vulnerable, aging parents. This study investigated which characteristics of widowed mothers and adult children predict coresidence. When coresidence occurred, the analysis explored how individual children's characteristics were associated with their coresidence with the mother. METHOD Survey data from adults 53-54 years old in 1993 (N = 2,324) and a random sibling reported about their living situation, other siblings, and their mother, median age 80. RESULTS Logistic regressions revealed that mothers in poor health, who were older, and who had a daughter were more likely to live with a child. Among coresiding families, results from discrete choice conditional logit models showed that widowed mothers were more likely to live with an unmarried son than an unmarried daughter. Married children were less likely to coreside than unmarried children, but married daughters were more likely than married sons to coreside. Past receipt of financial help from parents was not associated with coresidence. Coresidence was more likely for those with a close relationship with the mother. DISCUSSION The discussion considers coresidence as an intergenerational transfer and its importance for the contemporary aging society. Data are needed on characteristics of all offspring to test theories about parent-child relationships.
The effect of thermal processing on fumonisin B1 (FB1) levels in maize-based foods

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin from Fusarium verticillioides that is frequently associated with maize. Fumonisins have been implicated as the causal agents of a variety of animal diseases and are epidemiologically linked to the high incidence of human esophageal cancer in some regions of the world. Thermal treatments are used in many processes involving grain and its derivatives, but little is known about the effects of common processing methods on the fumonisin content of food. The objectives of this study were to determine the thermostability of this toxin in contaminated maize, at different time/temperature combinations, as well as to determine the effect of baking and frying on the stability of FB1 spiked into maize-based foods. The identity of FB1 in extracts before and after heat treatments was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. For each thermal process, the fumonisin content was inversely proportional to the processing temperatures. An initial FB1 concentration of 217 mg/g in the control, was reduced to 184 mg/g when treated at 100°C for 2 h. Oven temperature of 220°C for 30 min showed extensive reduction of FB1 to a concentration of 1.1 mg/g as compared to 94 mg/g in the control. Baking maize muffins spiked with 1.25 μg/g (dry weight) FB1 at 200°C for 20 min resulted in an average FB1 loss of 70%. Frying of maize chips spiked with 5 μg/g (dry weight) FB1 at 190 to 210°C for 5 to 10 min resulted in an average FB1 loss of 67%. The results of this study indicate that boiling temperatures are ineffective in producing any significant reduction in FB1 levels. Thus, there might be correlation between the under processing of fumonisin-contaminated foods and the high incidence of esophageal cancer in certain regions of South Africa. Key words: Mycotoxins, Fusarium verticillioides, maize-based food products, esophageal cancer.
Spatial Distribution and Initial Changes of SSEA-1 and Other Cell Adhesion-related Molecules on Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Before and During Differentiation

We examined the distribution of cell adhesion-related molecules (CAMs) among mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and the spatial distribution on cell surfaces before and during differentiation. The cell-cell heterogeneity of SSEA-1, PECAM-1, and ICAM-1 among the undifferentiated cells in the ES cell colonies was evident by immunohistochemistry and immuno-SEM, supporting the flow cytometry findings. In contrast, most undifferentiated ES cells strongly expressed CD9. SSEA-1 was located preferentially on the edge of low protuberances and microvilli and formed clusters or linear arrays of 3–20 particles. PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 were randomly localized on the free cell surfaces, whereas CD9 was preferentially localized on the microvilli or protuberances, especially in the cell periphery. Both the SSEA-1+ fraction and the SSEA-1− fraction of magnetic cell sorting (MACS) formed undifferentiated colonies after plating. Flow cytometry showed that these populations reverted separately again to a culture with a mixed phenotype. Differentiation induced by retinoic acid downregulated the expression of all CAMs. Immuno-SEM showed decreases of SSEA-1 in the differentiated ES cells, although some clustering still remained. Our findings help to elucidate the significance of these molecules in ES cell maintenance and differentiation and suggest that cell surface antigens may be useful for defining the phenotype of undifferentiated and differentiated ES cells.