Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared thermography to monitor body and udder skin surface temperature differences in relation to subclinical and clinical mastitis condition in Karan Fries (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) crossbred cows

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of infrared thermography (IRT) for the early detection of mastitis. A total of 200 quarters of Karan Fries cows (50) were monitored for body temperature and udder skin surface temperature (USST) prior to milking using FLIR (Forward Looking Infrared) i5 camera. Milk samples were collected from each quarter and screened for mastitis using somatic cell count (SCC), electrical conductivity (EC) and California mastitis test (CMT). The mean (±SD) body temperature of an individual cow during the study period was 37.17±0.07°C. The mean (±SD) body and USST (37.16±0.06°C) of non mastitis cow did not differ significantly; however, the mean USST of the mastitis affected quarters were significantly higher than the body and non-mastitis quarter temperature. The mean (±SD) USST of the subclinical and clinical mastitis affected quarters were 37.9±0.09°C and 38.2±0.10°C, respectively which is 0.8 and 1.1°C higher than the body and non-mastitis quarter temperature. The increase in USST of subclinical mastitis quarters showed a positive correlation with the SCC. It is concluded that IRT technique could be used as a potential non-invasive, quick cow side diagnostic tool for screening and early detection of mastitis in crossbred cows.
Piper betle L.: A review on its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological profile and profiling by new hyphenated technique DART-MS (Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry).

The Piper betle plant is an evergreen and perennial creeper which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. This plant has been known to possess antioxidant, antifungal, antiulcerogenic, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antileishmanial, antiamoebic, anti-inflammatory, antifilarial and antimicrobial activity. A wide range of chemical compounds including chavibetol, allyl pyrocatechol, eugenol, quercetin, caryophyllene, safrole, hydroxychavicol, a-pinene, myrcene, chavicol, Germacrene-D, aterpineol , ß-pinene, camphene etc have been isolated from this plant. The present review summarizes the information concerning the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activity and use of hyphenated analytical technique like DART-MS (Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry) and other techniques for characterizing various compounds from P. betle plant.
Preparation of Vertically Aligned ZnO/TiO2 Core-Shell Composites for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Vertically aligned ZnO/TiO2 (VA-ZnO/TiO2) core-shell composites deposited on ZnO-seeded indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses have been synthesized by a chemical bath deposition approach for growing one-dimensional ZnO structure followed by a spin procedure for coating TiO2 on the surface of ZnO structure. The influences of the cycles of spin coating of TiO2 (CSCT) on the properties of VA-ZnO/TiO2 and performances of the assembled DSSCs were studied. The power conversion efficiency of the VA-ZnO/TiO2-based DSSC measured under illumination of 100 mW/cm2 and AM 1.5 can reach 0.81%, representing 93% improvement when compared with that of the pristine VA-ZnO electrode (0.42%). The intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied to study the kinetics and interfacial transfer of the photogenerated electrons. Both the photocurrent and power conversion efficiency correlate well with the steady state electron density. Enlargement in surface area and dye adsorption, suppression of dissolution of Zn2
An investigation of animal species trade at pet shops of Rawalpindi and Multan cities.

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to collect information about the trade of animal species in two selected markets; Goodri market,Multan and College Road market, Rawalpindi during December, 2009 to June 2010. Data were collected by usingprimary and secondary methods. The results revealed that three major groups of animals (reptiles, birds and mammals)were being sold in Multan market; birds constituted 76.22% (maximum) by number, mammals 7.82%, fish 11.45% andreptiles 4.51% (minimum). Whereas, in Rawalpindi market, birds constituted 85% (maximum) followed by fish (5.75%),mammals (5.18%) and reptiles (4.05%). A comparison of the two markets revealed noticeable differences betweennumbers of animals being traded viz. 760 birds, 78 mammals, 114 fish and 45 reptiles in Multan market versus 901birds, 55 mammals, 61 fishes and 43 reptiles in the Rawalpindi market. Average prices of animals were foundcomparatively different in the two markets; generally lower sale prices were recorded in Multan. Maximum revenue wasgenerated from the trade of various bird species. Regression analysis between volume of trade (VOT) and other variablesshowed that an increase in average sale price of animal species caused a decrease in Volume of Trade (VOT) of themarket.Key words: Animal trade, major species, birds, mammals, reptiles, Pakistan.
Biophysical studies of the interaction between calmodulin and the R 287-T 311 region of human estrogen receptor a reveals an atypical binding process

The transcriptional activity of human estrogen receptor ERa is modulated by a number of coregulatory proteins among which calmodulin (CaM). Segment 295–311 in the hinge region of ERa has previously been proposed to be the CaM binding site. In this work, we investigate the molecular mechanism of the interaction of CaM with peptides derived from the hinge region of ERa, using a biophysical approach combining isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence, CD and NMR. The ERa17p peptide, corresponding to the previously identified 295–311 region of ERa, recruits mainly the C-terminal domain of Ca4CaM, as shown by NMR spectroscopy. In contrast, a longer peptide, ERa25p, extended on the N-terminal side (residues 287–311) interacts with both Nand C-terminal domains of Ca4CaM. These results lead to a new delineation of the CaM binding site, encompassing residues 287–294. In particular, fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that the conserved W residue is engaged within hydrophobic pockets on Ca4CaM. ITC results show that ERa25p binds Ca4CaM with an atypical 2:1 stoichiometry and a dissociation constant in the micromolar range. Based on the NMR titration of Ca4CaM by ERa25p showing a biphasic behavior for several residues, we suggest that concerted conformational changes of CaM domains may be required to accommodate the binding of a second peptide. CD spectra indicate that ERa25p partially folds into an a-helix upon binding to Ca4CaM. Hence, ERa25p is a new CaM-binding ligand that could be appropriate for the synthesis of derivatives able to control ER-dependent transcription, particularly in the context of hormone-dependent breast tumors. 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of a coral disease outbreak on coral communities in St. Lucia: What and how much has been lost?

In July 1997, a coral disease called plague appeared on the coral reefs of St. Lucia, West Indies. A survey of 6 coral species on 3 reefs in March 1998 revealed an overall disease incidence of 11 %. Montastraea faveolata and Colpophyllia natans were the most affected species with 19% and 13 % of colonies infected respectively. Disease frequency was independent of coral density and the distribution of the disease among 5 x 5 m plots was not clumped, suggesting that proximity to affected colonies did not increase probability of infection. Among-colony size variation in disease incidence and tissue mortality indicates that small coral colonies are more likely to escape infections than large colonies, but once infection occurs, small colonies will experience faster colony mortality. This suggests that the effect of the disease on coral population structure will be greater total mortality in small colonies relative to large colonies, at least over short-time scales. At the most severely affected site, it was estimated in March 1998 that plague had killed 6.6 % of living coral during the preceding 8 months. Despite these losses being small compared to losses from other well-known disturbances on coral reefs, such as hurricanes, the disease selectively impacted 2 major reef frame builders. More than 90 % of the estimated tissue loss was accounted for by Montastraea faveolata and Colpophyllia natans combined. In addition, infected colonies continued to lose living tissue from February 1998 to October 1998, with no new coral recruitment observed on the substrate opened up by the disease. Of the colonies infected in February 1998, 28 % still showed signs of disease in October 1998. Over the long term, if losses are sustained at such rates, plague could cause complete mortality in large colonies and could progressively deplete two of the most important reef frame builders in some of the richest and most visited coral reefs of St. Lucia.
A UNIFORM ESTIMATE ON CONVOLUTION OPERATORS WITH THE ARCLENGTH MEASURE ON NONDEGENERATE SPACE CURVES

The L p -L q mapping properties of convolution operators with measures supported on curves in R 3 have been studied by many authors. Oberlin provided examples of nondegenerate compact space curves whose arclength measures enjoy L p improving properties. This was later extended by Pan who showed that such properties hold for all nondegenerate compact space curves. In this paper, we will prove that the operator norm of the convolution operator with the arclength measure supported on a nondegenerate compact space curve depends only on certain quantities of the underlying curve.
Orale Antidiabetika im Rahmen der ÖDG-Leitlinien 2009

Consensus Statement 2009 of the Austrian Diabetes Association: Oral Antidiabetics in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Treatment regimens of type-2 diabetes have changed significantly over the past years. Both, incretin mimetics as well as dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors, have been implemented into the therapy of diabetes. Risks and contraindications of glitazones have been discussed at length. New clinical trials investigating the safety and benefits of sulfonylureas especially on microvascular endpoints have been presented. Insulin-sensitizing metformin has been established as the first-line therapy for overweight or obese type-2 diabetics lacking contraindications or intolerance. Finally, benefits of intensive blood glucose lowering and control have been discussed intensively. This article summarizes the algorithms for the initiation and adjustment of therapy in type-2 diabetes as well as the benefits and contraindications of oral antidiabetics and incretin mimetics according to the recently published consensus statement of the Austrian Diabetes Association. J Klin Endokrinol Stoffw 2010; 3 (3): 18–24.
Convexity Notes

Basic results about convex functions on finite and infinite-dimensional spaces are derived. Much of the text assumes that the reader is familiar with advanced calculus and the projection theorem for Hilbert space. However, the section on subgradients can be read without such knowledge and without reading any of the earlier sections. If you find this writeup useful, or if you find typos or mistakes, please let me know at John.Gubner@wisc.edu
Running head : CUTTING AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS Word Count : 3 , 390 1 Do wealthier drivers cut more at all-way stop intersections ? Mechanisms underlying the relationship between social class and unethical behavior

As a means of exploring the relationship between social class and unethical behavior, 759 drivers were unobtrusively observed as they navigated 46 all-way stop intersections across Southern California. Observers indexed drivers’ wealth by estimating the value of their cars, then looked to see whether they waited their turn to proceed through intersections, or illegally cut off other drivers. The results demonstrate that wealthier drivers are more likely to cut at all-way stop intersections than other drivers. This bolsters previous reports of positive correlations between wealth and unethical behavior (Piff et al., 2012a), and goes against the notion that such findings are attributable to publication bias (Francis, 2012). Moreover, the data are inconsistent with cutting being due to accidental lapses of attention. This suggests that cutting among wealthier drivers may reflect adherence to ethical codes geared towards maximizing one’s self-interest, often at the expense of others.
Aerodynamic Characteristics Around a Generic Train Moving on Different Embankments under the Influence of Crosswind

1 Automotive and Combustion Synergies Technology Group, Advanced Technology Centre (ATC), Faculty of Engineering Technology (Mechanical), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, EDU Hub Pagoh, 84600 Johor, Malaysia 2 Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Universiti Kuala Lumpur – Malaysia Institute of Aviation Technology, Jalan Jenderam Hulu, Kampung Jenderam Hulu, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
Designing mobile applications for smoking cessation in New Zealand

Tobacco is a leading cause of preventable death in New Zealand. The smoking rate for New Zealand Māori was 44 percent in 2009, still significantly higher than for non-Māori (18 percent) for both males and females. In this research project, a novel mobile application (SmokefreeNZ) has been designed and developed, which can provide two way interactions between the server and client, whereas traditional text interventions only provide one-way communication (from server to client). This novel approach integrates interactive Mobile Technology, Social Psychology, Persuasive Technology and Behavioural Therapy to deliver personalised content in both English and Te Reo Māori, which is designed to encourage and help individual smokers to quit smoking. It serves as a tool and platform to rouse and maintain the desire and motivation to quit smoking. It is also capable of delivering tailored multimedia content to smokers from different cultural backgrounds, and will provide a clear goal for the quit attempt, maintaining the salience and reward value of making progress towards that goal. It can also use evidence based methods of reducing the desire and impulses to smoke. Currently a cased-controlled trial is undergoing to further investigate the effectiveness of the app as an intervention tool.
Ionizing Radiation as a Risk Factor for Cataract: What about Low-Dose Effects?

Lens opacities are potential serious consequences of eye exposure to ionizing radiation. Several studies have shown with certainty that radiation cataractogenesis has a much lower threshold than the old radiation protection guidelines of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), specifically 2 Gy (Grays) for acute exposure and 5 Gy for fractioned exposure. In April 2011, the ICRP revised its eye dose threshold for cataract induction downwards from 2 Gy to 0.5 Gy, and the occupational annual dose limit from 150 mSv to 20 mSv/year. Moreover, based on previous studies the traditional view that posterior subcapsular opacities are the only signature form of radiation cataract may have to be broadened to cortical cataracts.We present the most recent results on lens opacities and early stages of cataract that were observed for ionizing radiation doses below 1 Gy and which have led the ICRP to decrease the eye lens dose threshold.
Suvi Lehtimäki Printed Supercapacitors for Energy Harvesting Applications

Energy harvesting from ambient sources such as light or vibrations is a promising method for powering distributed and ubiquitous electronics. Harvesting requires an intermediate energy storage, for which supercapacitors are well suited due to their long cycle life compared to batteries. Moreover, supercapacitors can be prepared from non-toxic materials with printing methods, enabling their use in many applications. This thesis analyzes different types of solution processed supercapacitors prepared using different materials, fabrication methods and architectures, and their use in energy harvesting. Supercapacitors were prepared from the conventional material, activated carbon, as well as novel materials: carbon nanotubes and conducting polymer composites. Layers were deposited by doctor blade coating and screen printing, and in the case of conducting polymers, also electrochemical deposition. Neutral aqueous electrolytes were used in the supercapacitors. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have both conductivity and a high surface area, offer the possibility of preparing the supercapacitor electrodes with only one layer, without a separate current collector. In this work, CNT supercapacitors were prepared from blade-coated electrodes, and capacitances of 6mF/cm2 were achieved. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) was large, 80Ω, probably due to the large amount of dispersant polymer needed in the ink. The other novel material studied in this work was a composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and reduced graphene oxide. Symmetric supercapacitors prepared from electropolymerized layers on plastic substrates yielded 18mF/cm2 capacitance and 25Ω ESR. It was found that the reduced graphene oxide accounts for approximately 30% of the capacitance of the composite, although morphology changes due to its incorporation have an effect as well. Screen-printed supercapacitors were prepared from a graphite ink as a current collector and an activated carbon based ink as the active layer. The effect of varying layer thicknesses on the device properties was examined in detail. On average, capacitance of 150mF/cm2 and ESR of 10Ω was achieved and the current collectors were found to be the main source of the ESR. The effect of the maximum voltage on the device properties was also tested, and while a higher voltage yielded a higher capacitance, it also led to a higher leakage current as well as quicker device degradation. Based on these results, 1.0V was found to be a good compromise for the maximum voltage of the supercapacitors. Energy harvesting was demonstrated with a printed radio-frequency harvester. Using two 450mF supercapacitors in series, a 1.2V voltage-control circuit could be operated for over 10 hours with a steady output. Operating an electrochromic display was also demonstrated with a supercapacitor charged through a solar cell module under ambient lighting.
Teaching Translocation of Photosynthetic Carbon in Secondary Schools in Trans Nzoia County: Addressing Instructional Challenges

Energy and other environmental conservation measures are emerging issues of concern all over the world. The awareness on climate change and sustainable environmental resource utilization are discussed globally in all sectors of development. This study was conducted to investigate selected Kenyan biology teachers' understanding of photosynthetic carbon translocation and sequestration in ecosystems as an emerging issue. The study sought to relate biology teaching content to a wider scope of energy flow in ecosystem; a subject taught and assessed by teachers of different secondary schools in Kenya. The study employed descriptive survey method. Secondary school agriculture teachers were randomly sampled from secondary schools in one district of Western Kenya. Self-valuation questionnaires were used to capture key information on teachers understanding of photosynthetic carbon and its sequestration as some of the emerging issues in terrestrial ecosystems. Results revealed a rich understanding of green house effects on the general environment among assessed teachers. Majority of the assessed teachers demonstrated clear understanding of carbon dioxide and its contributions to climate changes. However, a high percentage of selected and assessed teachers demonstrated lack of clear grasp on translocation of photosynthetic carbon and its sequestration process from plants into the soil. Furthermore, teachers' demonstrated poor understanding of mitigation of environmental pollution, particularly via Green House Gases (GHGs) control. It was concluded that there was a general knowledge gap among selected agriculture teachers concerning emerging issues particularly in ecology. The study recommended refresher courses to strengthen teachers' competencies in understanding such emerging ecological concepts.
Robot Localization in Dynamic Environments Using Time-Variant Semantic Cues

A challenging issue in the field of robotics is the lost robot problem, in which a robot has to relocalize itself in a previously mapped environment based on current sensor readings. We propose a method for addressing this problem by extending the mapping of an environment with semantically labelled points. These semantic landmarks are processed in an algorithm that registers two labelled point sets in order to obtain the rigid transformation that relates the robot's current frame with the global coordinate system. The relocalization system was tested on a dataset created for 3D scene analysis, and on self-made scans of several environments with different types of visual interferences, including obstructions to the field of view and severe lighting changes. These tests revealed that the proposed method performs well with realistic levels of noise in the input data. It even outperforms a state-of-the-art visual mapping and relocalization system both in robustness and in accuracy, producing linear and angular errors of less than 10 cm and 1 degree respectively in successful relocalization attempts.
Pap Smear Abnormalities in Adolescents and Young Women

Introduction: Adolescence is a period in the life of a woman characterized by significant physical and psychological changes. In various places in the world it is also the period in which sexual activity usually begins. Sexual activity has been occurring increasingly earlier in adolescents.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Pap smear abnormalities in adolescents and young women (MJA) compared to adult women (MA). Methods: Cross-sectional study of cervical uterine cytology obtained from women in Santo Andre (SP, Brazil) between January 2009 and December 2011, comparing the cytological results between MJA (age: 14-24 years) and MA (age: 25 years or over). Results: 92,118 exams evaluated; 76,752 in the MA group and 15,366 in the MJA group. Of the total, 89,723 were normal and 2,395 abnormal (1,278 [53.4%] corresponded to atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS], 900 [37.6%] to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL] and 217 [9.1%] to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL]). There were 510 (3.3%) abnormal tests in the MJA group and 1,885 (2.5%) in the MA group, of which 217 (42.5%) and 1061 (56.3%), respectively, were classified as ASCUS, 280 (54.9%) and 620 (32.9%), respectively, as LSIL, and 13 (2.5%) and 204 (10.8%), respectively, as HSIL. Conclusion: The most frequent abnormality in the MJA group was LSIL and in the MA group was ASCUS. HSIL was 4 times more frequent in adult women in comparison to young women and adolescents.
Multi-dimensional Data Model of Textual Information

The key to understanding the meaning is in the proper representation of the textual information. The tree like representation of a text is not very convenient for large scale processing since the information about types of phrases, part of speech tags and actual terms are scattered in various tree nodes. The aim of the article is to propose a multidimensional model of textual data that would contain all the lexical information in a structure that enables further semantic processing. The approach in this article is based on the data modeling principles used in data warehousing. Key-Words: Multi-dimensional data model, data warehousing, star schema, text representation, lexical parsing.