Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient methodology for electrocardiogram beat classification

Electrocardiogram (ECG) beat behaves as a non-linear and non-stationary signal. Since most of the existing data processing tools are poor alternatives for processing such signals, Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) proves to be an efficient method as it deals with a time-varying frequency spectrum. In this study, a new and efficient methodology is proposed using HHT for feature selection which includes a set of essential features such as weighted mean frequency, Kolmogorov complexity and other statistical features (median, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness and central moment) computed from the intrinsic mode functions extracted using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm. Further, one-against-one multi-class support vector machine is employed for the classification of six generic ECG beats, namely: normal, left bundle branch block, right bundle branch block, premature ventricular contraction, paced beat and atrial premature beat. The classification process in this study yields better results than existing methodologies in terms of classification accuracy equal to 99.51% along with sensitivity, specificity and positive predictivity of 98.64, 99.77 and 98.17%, respectively.
Association between Emergency Visits with Acute Exacerbation and Exercise Performance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide; however, it is also a chronic disease with increasing prevalence despite medical treatment (1, 2). Acute exacerbation of COPD, which is the most common cause of hospital visits, may appear at any stage of the disease; its frequency and severity increases with disease severity (3, 4). Accelerated reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), which is the primary determinant of pulmonary function and exacerbation, increases the severity of the disease, reduces the quality of life of patients, and increases health expenditures (5-7). Serious exacerbations requiring hospitalization are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in COPD (8).
Immunological status of the puerperial uterus in cow.

The reproductive tractus presents a series of innate defending (nonspecific) mechanisms and adaptative (specific) mechanisms, that can be affected by the endocrine status during pregnancy and puerperium. The conceptus grows under correct function of the immune system of the cow. One cytokine in particular, colony-stimulating factor 2, can promote preimplantation development and cause changes in conceptus function that increase the possibilities the conceptus develops to term. The puerperal period is characterized by an increased risk of uterine infections due to anatomic barriers which remain open for a few days. In this case bacteria are detected by the endometrial specialized immune cells which have toll-like receptors for the bacterial liants like peptidoglycans and lipopolysaccharides. The activation toll-like receptors enhances the synthesis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokins like the tumoral necrosis factor and nitric oxide, which mobilizes the immunitary cells. There are at least 11 types of toll-like receptors which recognize bacterial and viral particles. Toll-like receptor 2 detects the peptidoglycan associated with lipoteichoic acid, lypopeptides and zimoshan, while toll-like receptor 4 and 9 recognize single liants, lipopolysaccharides and unmetilated bacterial DNA. Polimorphonuclear leukocytes (mainly neutrophils), monocytes and circulant macrophages, represent the first line defence against bacteria. Neutrophilic phagocytant activity is initiated by complement system and antibodies. Interleukin 6 appears in the first inflammatory stage, activates mature neutrophils, helps in their maturation, differentiates monocytes in mature macrophages and, also, differentiates natural killer cells. The role of different immunoglobulines (IgA, IgG, IgM) in local defence mechanisms and the endometrial synthesis rate or in other layers of the bovine reproductive tract has not been sufficiently studied yet. Still, some of these immunoglobulins have been identified in the cervico-vaginal secretions of cows infected with Campylobacter fetus. Preparturtm period is accompanied by peripheral leucocytosis which is followed by peripheric leucopenia during the first week post-partum.
Variations in Snow Crystal Riming and ZDR: A Case Analysis

AbstractA case study in terms of variations in differential reflectivity ZDR observed at X band and snow crystal riming is presented for a light-snow event that occurred near Greeley, Colorado, on 26–27 November 2015. In the early portion of the event, ZDR values at near-surface levels were low (0–0.25 dB). During a second time period approximately 8 h later, ZDR values became distinctly positive (+2–3 dB). Digital photographs of the snow particles were obtained by a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) installed at a range of 13 km from the radar. Image-processing and machine-learning techniques applied to the MASC data showed that the snow particles were more heavily rimed during the low-ZDR time period. The aerodynamic effects of these rime deposits promoted a wider distribution of hydrometeor canting angles. The shift toward more random particle orientations underlies the observed reduction in ZDR during the period when more heavily rimed particles were observed in the MASC data.
The impact of entrepreneurship education on succession in ethnic minority family firms

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that entrepreneurship education can have on succession in ethnic minority family firms that operate in the highly competitive UK economy.Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a complex conceptual model of ethnic minority graduates' economic activities and outlines the possible influence that entrepreneurship education can have on succession in their family firms. An illustrative case study is presented of an ethnic minority graduate who returned to work in the family firm.Findings – It emerges that entrepreneurship education provision in UK HEIs is insufficiently customised to, and focused on, the specific entrepreneurial needs of graduates. Educators should take into account the complex socio‐economic and cultural differences between native and ethnic minority learning environments. Effective entrepreneurship education emerges as crucial to the survival and growth of ethnic minority family businesses in the UK and could contribute pos.
LBS Research Online

The decarbonisation of electricity generation presents policy-makers in many countries with the delicate task of balancing initiatives for technological change whilst maintaining a commitment to market liberalisation. Despite the theoretical attractions, it has become doubtful whether carbon markets by themselves can offer the desired solution. We address this question through an integrated modelling framework, stylised for the GB power market within the EU ETS, which includes three distinct components: (a) long-term least-cost capacity planning, similar in functionality to many used in policy analysis, but innovative in providing the endogenous calculation of carbon prices; (b) short-term price risk analysis producing hourly dispatch and pricing outputs, which are used to test the annual financial performance metrics implied by the longer-term investments; (c) agent-based computational learning to derive pricing behaviour in imperfect markets. The results indicate that the risk/return profile of electricity markets may deteriorate substantially as a result of decarbonisation, reducing the propensity of companies to invest in the absence of increased government support and/or more beneficial market circumstances. Markets may adjust, if allowed, by deferring investment until conditions improve, or by consolidating to increase market power, or by operating in a tighter market with reduced spare capacity. To the extent that each of these ‘market-led’ solutions may be politically unpalatable, policy design will need to sustain a delicate regulatory regime, moderating the possible increased market power of companies whilst maintaining low-carbon subsidies for longer than expected. This paper considers some of the modelling implications for this compromise.
ANDROID UNTRUSTED DETECTION WITH PERMISSION BASED SCORING ANALYSIS

Android smart phone is one of the fast growing mobile phones and because of these it the one of the most preferred target of malware developer. Malware apps can penetrate the device and gain privileges in which it can perform malicious activities such reading user contact, misusing of private information such as sending SMS and can harm user by exploiting the users private data which is stored in the device. The study is about implementation of detecting untrusted on android applications, which would be the basis of all future development regarding malware detection. The smartphone users worldwide are not aware of the permissions as the basis of all malicious activities that could possibly operate in an android system and may steal personal and private information. Android operating system is an open system in which users are allowed to install application from any unsafe sites. However permission mechanism of and android system is not enough to guarantee the invulnerability of the application that can harm the user. In this paper, the permission scoring-based analysis that will scrutinized the installed permission and allows user to increase the efficiency of Android permission to inform user about the risk of the installed Android application, in this paper, the framework that would classify the level of sensitivity of the permission access by the application. The framework uses a formula that will calculate the sensitivity level of the permission and determine if the installed application is untrusted or not. Our result show that, in a collection of 26 untrusted application, the framework is able to correct and determine the application's behavior consistently and efficiently.
On fairness and conflicts in Petri nets

The notions of fairness and conflicts in live, bounded, and strongly connected Petri nets (PNs) are formally related. The PN model of a resource-sharing concurrent system (RSCS) is conflict free when the firing of an enabled transition does not disable another transition in the net. Conflicts in the PN represent unresolved resource allocation conditions. The PN is fair when the firing of any transition more than a given number of times is a sufficient condition for all the transitions in the net to have fired. When the PN is fair, no process in the system can be starved; that is resources are allocated so that all tokens progress through the net. Although these concepts are not equivalent, it is shown that they are strongly related to each other when the PN model is live, bounded, and strongly connected. A computational method for finding conflicts is presented, and the concepts are illustrated with an example of buffer allocation in a sorting algorithm. <<ETX>>
Prescription Drug Advertising and Drug Utilization: The Role of Medicare Part D

This paper examines how direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs influences utilization by exploiting a large and plausibly exogenous shock to DTCA driven by the introduction of Medicare Part D. Part D led to larger increases in advertising in geographic areas with higher concentrations of Medicare beneficiaries. We examine the impact of this differential increase in advertising on non-elderly individuals to isolate advertising effects from the direct effects of Part D. We find that exposure to advertising led to large increases in treatment initiation and improved medication adherence. Advertising also had sizeable positive spillover effects on non-advertised generic drugs. Our results imply significant spillovers from Medicare Part D on the under-65 population and an important role for non-price factors in influencing prescription drug utilization.
Do External Auditors Price Tax Risk ?

Both practitioners and academics are increasingly focusing their attention on the riskiness of firms’ tax planning activities. In this study, we examine the association between tax risk— measured using the volatility of firms’ annual cash and GAAP effective tax rates—and external audit fees. Consistent with the notion that tax risk represents a source of engagement risk that is priced by external auditors, we first document a positive association between audit fees and tax risk incremental to fee premiums arising from tax aggressiveness shown in prior research. We also find that knowledge spillover benefits associated with the provision of tax nonaudit services moderate this positive association. Broadly, our findings add to the growing literature at the intersection of corporate taxation and auditing, and to the literature distinguishing between the level and riskiness of firms’ tax avoidance strategies.
Improving Attack Aggregation Methods Using Distributed Hash Tables

Collaborative intrusion detection has several difficult subtasks to handle. Large amount of data generated by intrusion detection probes has to be handled to spot intrusions. Also, when correlating the pieces of evidence, the connection between them has to be revealed as well, as it may be the case that they are part of a complex, large-scale attack. In this article, we present a peer-to-peer network based intrusion detection system, which is able to handle the intrusion detection data efficiently while maintaining the accuracy of centralized approaches of correlation. The system is built on a distributed hash table, for which keys are assigned to each piece of intrusion data in a preprocessing step. This method allows one to make well-known correlation mechanisms work in a distributed environment. Keywords-collaborative intrusion detection; attack correlation; peer-to-peer; distributed hash table.
Using the Full Power of the Cosmic Microwave Background to Probe Axion Dark Matter

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) places strong constraints on models of dark matter (DM) that deviate from standard cold DM (CDM), and on initial conditions beyond the scalar adiabatic mode. Here, the full \textit{Planck} data set (including temperature, $E$-mode polarisation, and lensing deflection) is used to test the possibility that some fraction of the DM is composed of ultralight axions (ULAs). This represents the first use of CMB lensing to test the ULA model. We find no evidence for a ULA component in the mass range $10^{-33}\leq m_a\leq 10^{-24}\text{ eV}$. We put percent-level constraints on the ULA contribution to the DM, improving by up to a factor of two compared to the case with temperature anisotropies alone. Axion DM also provides a low-energy window onto the high-energy physics of inflation through the interplay between the vacuum misalignment production of axions and isocurvature perturbations. We perform the first systematic investigation into the parameter space of ULA isocurvature, using an accurate isocurvature transfer function at all $m_{a}$ values. We precisely identify a "window of co-existence" for $10^{-25}\text{ eV}\leq m_a\leq10^{-24}\text{ eV}$ where the data allow, simultaneously, a $\sim10\%$ contribution of ULAs to the DM, and $\sim 1\%$ contributions of isocurvature and tensors to the CMB power. ULAs in this window (and \textit{all} lighter ULAs) are shown to be consistent with a large inflationary Hubble parameter, $H_I\sim 10^{14}\text{ GeV}$. The window of co-existence will be fully probed by proposed CMB-S4 observations with increased accuracy in the high-$\ell$ lensing power and low-$\ell$ $E$ and $B$-mode polarisation. If ULAs in the window exist, this could allow for two independent measurements of $H_I$ in the CMB using the axion DM content and isocurvature, and the tensor contribution to $B$-modes.
Over-Estimating the Effects of Teacher Attributes on School Performance in the Chilean Education System

This article investigates the biases involved in estimating the effects of teacher attributes on school’s performance. The study was performed for Chilean educational system, where student distribution is differentiated by schools and teachers are not randomly assigned to them. Findings showed that teacher attributes which favored learning appeared more frequently alongside higher socioeconomic status students. When correcting the bias, results showed that the effects of teacher attributes have been overestimated for the vast majority of characteristics. Nonetheless, attributes such as teaching experience, being a woman, having short-term specific professional training, and having a greater curriculum coverage continued to have positive impacts on the performance of 4th grade students.
Interrelationships between feeding, food deprivation and swimming performance in juvenile grass carp

The present study investigated the interrelationships between feeding, food depriva- tion and swimming performance in juvenile grass carp Ctenopharynodon idellus. Oxygen con- sumption, as a function of swimming speed, was determined by fitting data to a power function. Speed exponents from oxygen consumption functions were 1.46, 1.23 and 1.91 with time after feeding of 6 h, 2 d and 2 wk, respectively, which indicated that swimming efficiency increased after digestion was complete and decreased with extended food deprivation. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) increased slightly with time after feeding, and recovery time varied between 1 and 1.5 h after fatigue. The contribution of anaerobic metabolism began at swimming speeds 28.3 to 40.2% of critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and increased with time after feeding. Both optimal swimming speed and critical swimming speed decreased with time after feeding. The metabolic scope of grass carp decreased for at least 6 h after feeding (384 mg O2 kg -1 h -1 ). It nearly doubled after 2 d (727 mg O2 kg -1 h -1 ) and then declined after 2 wk throughout the duration of food deprivation (420 mg O2 kg -1 h -1 ). In conclusion, feeding and food deprivation affected swim- ming efficiency, metabolism (both aerobic and anaerobic) and swimming capability, with only slight effects on EPOC and recovery time. The results of the present study provide information which will assist in the design of fish ladders and resting pools and thus support fish migration and conservation of biodiversity.
Dynamic Tracking Error with Shortfall Control Using Stochastic Programming

In this contribution we propose a dynamic tracking error problem and we consider the problem of monitoring at discrete point the shortfall of the portfolio below a set of given reference levels of wealth. We formulate and solve the resulting dynamic optimization problem using stochastic programming. The resulting problem allows for a great flexibility in the combination of a tracking goal and a downside risk protection through a discrete monitoring of the shortfalls. We provide the results of a out-of-sample simulation experiments, on real data, for different portfolio configurations and different market conditions.
One-Pot Multi-Reaction Processes: Synthesis of Natural Products and Drug-Like Scaffolds

Abstract One-pot multi-reaction processes involving Overman rearrangements, metathesis cyclizations, and Diels–Alder reactions have been developed for the rapid and efficient synthesis of amino-substituted carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. This account describes the development and optimization of these processes, as well as their applications in the synthesis of natural products and drug-like scaffolds. 1 Introduction 2 A One-Pot Overman Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction 2.1 Scope and Limitations 2.2 Applications of the One-Pot Two-Step Process 2.3 A Directed Overman Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction Process 3 A One-Pot Three-Step Ruthenium(II) Tandem Catalytic Process 3.1 Development and Scope 3.2 A Microwave-Mediated One-Pot Three-Step Process 4 A One-Pot Three-Step Process Involving a Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis and a Diels–Alder Reaction 4.1 Synthesis of Substrates 4.2 An Unexpected Hydrogen-Bonding-Directed Diels–Alder Reaction 4.3 Application of the Synthesis for C1-Amino-Substituted Indanes and Tetralins 4.4 Development of a Two-Pot Reaction Process 5 Conclusions
Smart Type-Ahead Search in XML Supriya

Now a day in this digital world, internet search keyword paradigm are much popularized. However the search engine that uses html based model does not capture more semantics. But the xml model captures more semantics and navigates into document and displays more relevant information. The keyword search is alternative method to search in xml data, which is user friendly, user no need to know about the knowledge of xml data. This paper focuses on the survey of techniques used to retrieve the top k results from the xml document more efficiently. In addition to this, focus is given how to improve search performance by using data view. Data view is maintained after every successful search which will increase search performance as other searches will first begin with data view. Our proposed method has the following features: 1) Search as you type: It extends Auto-complete by supporting queries with multiple keywords in XML data.2) Fuzzy: It can find high-quality answers that have keywords matching query keywords approximately. 3) Intelligent: Our effective index structures, searching algorithms and data view can achieve a very high interactive speed. Answering queries using data views has shown significant performance benefits.
Internet of Wi-Fi Enabled Things

The Internet of things (IoT) is a technological phenomenon which is evolving from the innovative developments in Information and Communication Technology. Using Internet Protocol connectivity it is now possible to connect any devices to the internet and allowing them to be controlled and managed from any place and at any time. With the increase in the use of Wi-Fi technology to access internet, IoT is further evolving into Internet of Wi-Fi enabled things. Wi-Fi provides advantages such as IP-based communications, Security and integrity, flexibility. This paper discusses the scenario of Internet of Wi-Fi enabled things and the related technologies.