Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metals Fractionation During the Thermophilic Phase of Sewage Sludge Composting in Aerated Static Piles

An aerated static pile system with temperature feedback control was used for the composting of sewage sludge amended with olive tree leaves in a 1:1 (SS1) and 1:2 (SS2) v/v ratio, on two different occasions. The two piles were approximate 20 m3 each of similar dimensions; 2.0 wide at the base, 1.3 m height and 11 m long. Samples were taken from the core of the piles on four occasions: day 0 (establishment), day 15, day 30 and day 60 of the thermophilic phase. Heavy metal (Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) fractions in each of the samples were monitored using sequential extraction with H2O (for the water soluble fraction), KCL (for the exchangeable fraction), Na2EDTA (for the inorganic bound fraction), NaOH (for the organically bound fraction) and HNO3 due the significant residual fraction of these metals in both piles and in all four samplings, which reduced any losses through leaching when water was added. For Ni the water soluble and the exchangeable fractions were dominant, reaching values of 45% in SS1 and 35% in SS2, resulting in some losses into the leachates. The fraction of metals connected to the organic matter was similar for Ni in both piles, larger in SS2 for Pb than in SS1, whereas Cu and Zn presented far larger values in SS1 than in SS2. There was no common pattern of fractionation variation among the metals in each pile or when comparing both piles.
Looking beyond the label: What are the educational experiences of a cross-section of four cohorts of students labelled as ’non-traditional’?

This practitioner research has explored the past and present educational experiences of mainly mature female students who are labelled as ‘non-traditional’ in a College-based Higher Education (HE) establishment in the 13th most deprived borough of the United Kingdom (UK). Semi-structured interviews with 19 student participants labelled as ‘non-traditional’ were undertaken to investigate their experience of compulsory and post-compulsory education. Further data was collected to understand staff experience of teaching ‘non-traditional’ students and relevant college documents were analysed to provide understanding of policy. This research was undertaken within the interpretivist paradigm utilising elements of the bricolage approach and phenomenography. Student data was analysed using elements of phenomenological methods, I-Poems and Word Clouds, which allowed emphasis to be placed on personal rather than collective experience. The intention of the research was to allow the ‘voices’ of the student participants to be foregrounded in order to portray their individual stories. This research offers insight into personal educational experiences of students labelled as ‘non-traditional’ and their decisions and choices regarding the pursuit, or not, of HE. The inclusion of analysis of staff participant data and college documents informs this study, setting the educational experiences of the students in wider context. The primary findings of this study propose that there are often multiple factors to be considered when contemplating progression to HE study by students from lower socio-economic (LSE) groups who are labelled as ‘non-traditional’. Decisions whether to progress to post-compulsory education are often based on personal circumstances at the time, and not because the student is suffering from ‘low aspirations’ as is often suggested in the literature. However, when students from LSE groups do engage with HE study, this is often due to a number of factors such as support offered, diagnosis of learning difficulties, increased confidence, change in personal circumstances and local provision of HE courses. This research contributes to the understanding of personal motivations of LSE students who are labelled as ‘non-traditional’ when considering HE study and the barriers they may face in doing so. It contends that education is a very personal journey, and policy makers should take a less linear approach to education provision, avoiding the use of language, which detrimentally portrays those who they are attempting to persuade into HE. There should be recognition that there may be multiple factors, which prevent participation in HE, and non-participation should not be treated as being ‘low aspirational’ or ‘deficient’. People may engage later in life when factors conspire to allow them to enter into HE.
[Right-to-left shunt determination in dog lungs under inhalation anesthesia with rebreathing and non-rebreathing system].

PURPOSE To investigatge right-to-left shunt determination in dog lungs under inhalantion anesthesia with non-rebreathing and rebreathing systems and fraction of inspired oxygen (F I O2) of 0.9 and 0.4, respectively. METHODS Two groups of 10 dogs each under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane: GI in which it was utilized non-rebreathing semiclosed system and F I O2 = 0.9, and GII in which it was utilized rebreathing semiclosed system and F I O2 = 0.4. The study parameters were: heart rate, medium arterial pressure, right-to-left intrapulmonary shunt, hematocrit, hemoglobin, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen, mixed venous oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of water in the alveoli. RESULTS Shunt results were significantly different between the two groups - GI data were higher than GII in all the evaluated moments. Hence, the group with nonrebreathing (GI) developed a superior grade of intrapulmonary shunt when compared with the rebreathing group (GII). The partial pressure of water in the alveoli was significantly higher in GII. CONCLUSION The inhalation anesthesia with non-rebreathing system and F I O2 = 0.9 developed a higher grade of intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt when compared with the rebreathing system and F I O2 = 0.4. The higher humidity in GII contributed to the result.
Molecular signatures of Pleistocene sea‐level changes that affected connectivity among freshwater shrimp in Indo‐Australian waters

A major paradigm in evolutionary biology asserts that global climate change during the Pleistocene often led to rapid and extensive diversification in numerous taxa. Recent phylogenetic data suggest that past climatic oscillations may have promoted long‐distance marine dispersal in some freshwater crustacea from the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA). Whether this pattern is common, and whether similar processes are acting on diversification below the species level is unknown. We used nuclear and mitochondrial molecular variation in a freshwater‐dependent decapod crustacean (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), sampled widely from the IAA, to assess the impact of Pleistocene sea‐level changes on lineage diversification in this species. Fitting of an isolation with migration model enabled us to reject ongoing migration among lineages, and results indicate that isolation among both mainland–mainland and mainland–island lineages arose during the mid‐Pleistocene. Our data suggest a scenario of widespread marine dispersal during Pleistocene glacial maxima (in support of the ‘Pleistocene marine dispersal hypothesis’) when sea levels were low, and geographical distances between fresh watersheds were greatly reduced, followed by increased isolation as sea levels subsequently rose.
LGC-DVS: Local Gamma Correction-Based Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Android Smartphones With AMOLED Displays

Recently, the use of active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays is increasing for smartphones which have been widely used and their battery lifetime is very important for users. Due to frequent interactions between users and smartphones, the power management of AMOLED displays is crucial. To this end, dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is most effective and a lot of studies on it have been made. However, no work of DVS on smartphones with AMOLED displays can be found in the literature. In this paper, we propose the first practical DVS scheme for AMOLED displays on Android smartphones, aiming both human visual system (HVS)-awareness and high power saving. It combines automated battery-aware DVS with local gamma correction and effective smoothing using a novel metric which can evaluate the balance between power saving and HVS-awareness from a user study. In extensive experiments with an implementation of an Android platform, the proposed scheme saves power consumption by up to 62% and extends battery lifetime by about 15% over a normal mode. Moreover, it achieves better HVS-awareness as well as better power saving than the power-saving mode in a smartphone, which restricts some device functions for much power saving intentionally.
Decreasing Campus Smoking with Punishments and Social Pressures

This paper reports the effectiveness of a Midwest state university's “100% tobacco‐free” policy. The policy used social pressures and punishments to incentivize tobacco users to no longer consume tobacco on campus. The policy had three distinct periods (Pre‐Promotion, Post‐Promotion, and Post‐Policy). Social pressures and punishments were introduced during the Post‐Promotion and Post‐Policy periods, respectively. Changes in cigarette consumption were inferred by counting the number of cigarette butts found at various locations on campus. A statistically significant decrease in the number of cigarette butts was observed during the Post‐Promotion period. After the initial drop, tobacco use remained constant for the remainder of the period. An additional decrease was observed once punishments were introduced in the third period. However, the number of cigarette butts observed on campus remained significantly above zero. Further research is needed to understand how smokers substitute across time, location, and tobacco products after the implementation of similar policies. (JEL I11, C99, I12)
Induction of Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus–Receptor Expression During Myocardial Tissue Formation and Remodeling: Identification of a Cell-to-Cell Contact–Dependent Regulatory Mechanism

Background—The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) was cloned as a receptor for both viruses, but its primary biological functions and regulatory mechanisms are unknown. CAR was low in healthy adult myocardium, whereas strong CAR reexpression was observed in human dilated cardiomyopathy. The molecular mechanisms of CAR induction in cardiomyocytes are unknown. Methods and Results—We report on CAR regulation during development, CAR induction after myocardial infarction, and cell-to-cell contact–dependent CAR regulation in the rat. The high CAR expression during development in various organs decreased up to 190-fold after birth. After infarction resulting in severe cardiac dysfunction (dP/dtmax, −53%; dP/dtmin, −58%; left ventricular pressure, −45%), CAR was induced locally in cardiomyocytes of the infarct zone, where it was also expressed by capillary-like CD31+ structures and CD18+ interstitial cells, whereas it remained confined to subendothelial layers of arterioles and venules. In cultured cardiomyocytes, endothelin-1, cardiotrophin-1, leukemia-inhibiting factor, and cyclic stretch had no effect on CAR, whereas at high versus low cell density, CAR was suppressed up to 10-fold (P =0.006). Conditioned media from low- or high-density cardiomyocytes or cardiofibroblasts had no effect. Conclusions—The locally confined CAR upregulation after infarction makes induction by various humoral factors unlikely, because cardiac dysfunction results in high activities of sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems and cytokines. The cell culture experiments identify a cell-to-cell contact–dependent mechanism of CAR regulation. Further characterization of the signals linking cell-to-cell interactions to CAR gene expression may provide insight into mechanisms and functional consequences of the generalized CAR induction in dilated cardiomyopathy, and of its local induction after myocardial infarction.
HIV-infected parents and their children in the United States.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the number, characteristics, and living situations of children of HIV-infected adults. METHODS Interviews were conducted in 1996 and early 1997 with a nationally representative probability sample of 2864 adults receiving health care for HIV within the contiguous United States. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent of infected adults in care had children. Women were more likely than men to have children (60% vs 18%) and to live with them (76% vs 34%). Twenty-one percent of parents had been hospitalized during the previous 6 months, and 10% had probably been drug dependent in the previous year. Parents continued to have children after being diagnosed with HIV: 12% of all women conceived and bore their youngest child after diagnosis, and another 10% conceived before but gave birth after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and support services for people affected by the HIV epidemic should have a family focus.
A wearable robotic knee orthosis for gait training: a case-series of hemiparetic stroke survivors

Background and Aim: Until recently, robotic devices for stroke rehabilitation had multi-joint designs that were often tethered to a treadmill for gait training. A new single-joint wearable robotic knee orthosis (RKO) has been designed that provides patient-initiated powered-assistance in untethered functional mobility. This case-series documents application of the wearable RKO in untethered functional training with stroke survivors. Technique: Three ambulatory adult stroke survivors used a wearable RKO during 18 one-hour sessions within a six-week physical therapy programme. Subjects were assessed with a variety of balance, gait and functional tests including the Berg Balance Scale (BBS); six-minute walk test (6MWT); and Emory Functional Ambulation Profile (EFAP) at pre-treatment, post-treatment, one-month and three-month follow-up. Discussion: All subjects improved balance, gait and functional performances with mean individual improvements of 12.6% for BBS, 12.0% for 6MWT and 16.7% for EFAP post-treatment. No adverse events occurred. These three stroke survivors may have benefited from the task-specific functional training programme augmented by RKO use. Clinical relevance Physical therapists may find a wearable robotic knee orthosis useful for providing patient-initiated assisted movement for ambulatory chronic stroke survivors during functional task-specific balance and mobility training.
Research of preferences dependence in hierarchical text menus of user interface from performance cognitive processes

The results of the work on preference of hierarchical text menus of user interface are discussed in the article. Detection of influence of hierarchical text menus parameters and cognitive processes indicators of users on preferences in this menu is implemented. On the basis of experimental data logistic regression is constructed. It allows you to classify the menu with preset parameters on a scale of "like / dislike" for these parameters and indicators of memory, attention, logical thinking level of test subject. The percentage of correct classification is 78% of the assessments.
Distribution, diversity, evolution, and survival of Helitrons in the maize genome

Homology and structure-based approaches were used to identify Helitrons in the genome of maize inbred B73. A total of 1,930 intact Helitrons from eight families (62 subfamilies) and >20,000 Helitron fragments were identified, accounting for ≈2.2% of the B73 genome. Transposition of at least one of these families is ongoing, but the most prominent burst of amplification activity was ≈250,000 years ago. Sixty percent of maize Helitrons were found to have captured fragments of nuclear genes (≈840 different fragment acquisitions, with tens of thousands of predicted gene fragments inside Helitrons within the B73 assembly). Most acquired gene fragments are undergoing random drift, but 4% were calculated to be under purifying selection, whereas another 4% exhibit apparent adaptive selection, suggesting beneficial effects for the host or Helitron transposition/retention. Gene fragment capture is frequent in some Helitron subfamilies, with as many as 10 unlinked genes providing DNA inserts within a single element. Gene fragment acquisition appears to positively influence element survival and/or ability of the Helitron to acquire additional gene fragments. Helitrons with gene fragment captures in the antisense orientation have a lesser chance of survival. Helitron distribution in maize exhibits severe biases, including preferential accumulation in relatively gene-rich regions. Insertions, however, are not usually found inside genes. Rather, Helitrons preferentially insert near (but not into) other Helitrons. This biased accumulation is not caused by a preference for cis or nearby transposition, suggesting a specific association between Helitron integration functions and unknown chromatin characteristics that specifically mark Helitrons.
Unsupervised discovery of information structure in biomedical documents

MOTIVATION Information structure (IS) analysis is a text mining technique, which classifies text in biomedical articles into categories that capture different types of information, such as objectives, methods, results and conclusions of research. It is a highly useful technique that can support a range of Biomedical Text Mining tasks and can help readers of biomedical literature find information of interest faster, accelerating the highly time-consuming process of literature review. Several approaches to IS analysis have been presented in the past, with promising results in real-world biomedical tasks. However, all existing approaches, even weakly supervised ones, require several hundreds of hand-annotated training sentences specific to the domain in question. Because biomedicine is subject to considerable domain variation, such annotations are expensive to obtain. This makes the application of IS analysis across biomedical domains difficult. In this article, we investigate an unsupervised approach to IS analysis and evaluate the performance of several unsupervised methods on a large corpus of biomedical abstracts collected from PubMed. RESULTS Our best unsupervised algorithm (multilevel-weighted graph clustering algorithm) performs very well on the task, obtaining over 0.70 F scores for most IS categories when applied to well-known IS schemes. This level of performance is close to that of lightly supervised IS methods and has proven sufficient to aid a range of practical tasks. Thus, using an unsupervised approach, IS could be applied to support a wide range of tasks across sub-domains of biomedicine. We also demonstrate that unsupervised learning brings novel insights into IS of biomedical literature and discovers information categories that are not present in any of the existing IS schemes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The annotated corpus and software are available at http://www.cl. cam.ac. uk/∼dk427/bio14info.html.
Envelope–Receptor Interactions in Nipah Virus Pathobiology

Abstract: Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses are members of the newly defined Henipavirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae. Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in up to 70% of infected patients, and there is increasing evidence of human‐to‐human transmission. NiV is designated a priority pathogen in the NIAID Biodefense Research Agenda, and could be a devastating agent of agrobioterrorism if used against the pig farming industry. Endothelial syncytium is a pathognomonic feature of NiV infections, and is mediated by the fusion (F) and attachment (G) envelope glycoproteins. This review summarizes what is known about the pathophysiology of NiV infections, and documents the identification of the NiV receptor. EphrinB2, the NiV and HeV receptor, is expressed on endothelial cells and neurons, consistent with the known cellular tropism for NiV. We discuss how the identification of the henipahvirus receptor sheds light on the pathobiology of NiV infection, and how it will spur the rational development of effective therapeutics. In addition, ephrinB3, a related protein, can serve as an alternative receptor, and we suggest that differential usage of ephrinB2 versus B3 may explain the variant pathogenic profiles observed between NiV and HeV. Thus, identifying the NiV receptors opens the door for a more comprehensive analysis of the envelope–receptor interactions in NiV pathobiology. Finally, we also describe how galectin‐1 (an innate immune defense lectin) can interact with specific N‐glycans on the Nipah envelope fusion protein, underscoring the potential role that innate immune defense mechanisms may play against emerging pathogens.
Roles, trust and skills: A typology of patronage appointments

This article contributes to the study of the politics of patronage appointments by creating a typology of patronage roles based on the nature of trust between patrons and appointees and on the skills patrons seek in appointees. Our classification brings together the dispersed literature on patronage roles and can be applied to the study of modalities of patronage across and within countries. We offer preliminary evidence from our study of the politics of patronage appointments in Latin America suggesting that variations in patronage roles can be related to variations in party systems institutionalisation and to the nature of the links between political actors and voters. Finally, we explore whether the categories identified in our empirical study can be found in other settings. We conclude that our typology can contribute to the study of the impact of modalities of patronage on the quality of the public administration and on political governability.
Socio-economic Factors Affecting Orthodontic Treatment in Korean Children

This study intended to figure out whether the children aged 1-18 years in our country experienced orthodontic treatment or not, by which to analyze socioeconomic factors deciding orthodontic treatment and the demand for it, and also to examine the oral health status according to the experience of orthodontic treatment. The subjects of 5,134, whose one or both of parents had completed oral health examination and a survey, who participated in the 5th KNHANES (a cross-sectional survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) were selected for analysis. The chi-square analysis of general characteristics and the oral health status according to whether or not experienced orthodontic treatment was conducted, and the logistic regression analysis of the correlation between socioeconomic factors and whether Received (March 6, 2017), Review Result (March 20, 2017) Accepted (March 27, 2017), Published (May 31, 2017) 42415 Dept. Dental Hygiene, YeungNam University college, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea. email: jhj@ync.ac. kr 2 (Corresponding Author) 47340 Dept. Dental Hygiene, Dong-eui University, 176 Eongwangno(gayadong san 24), busanjin-gu, busan, Korea. email: lmk849@deu.ac. kr Socio-economic Factors Affecting Orthodontic Treatment in Korean Children Copyright c 2017 HSST 476 or not experienced orthodontic treatment was implemented. 31.6% of the study subjects were orthodontic treatment experience. Prevalence of these was significantly higher among the girls. Logistic regression showed that girls(OR=1.47, 95% CI:1.18-1.83), higher income level(OR=2.51, 95% CI:1.43-2.80) and higher mother`s education level(OR=2.60, 95% CI:1.80-3.76) were more likely to have orthodontic treatment experience. Considering the difference among subjects for the experience of orthodontic treatment, it is required to adjust the imbalance of medical resources for the demand of orthodontic treatment with lots of non-insured items.