Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recreation Activity Programming for the Institutionalized Older Adult

Demographers continually alert us to the increasing numbers of elderly and how a proportion of this growing cohort will be residing in nursing homes where out of necessity their lives are often controlled by professionals. Recreation activity programming is an integral part in the lives of institutionalized adults and their involvement is a key concern of recreation therapists. This qualitative exploratory study examined, from the older adults' perspective (N = 53), whether or not they were really given free choice in deciding to participate in therapeutic recreation programs. Further, the perceptions of administrators (N = 6) and recreation therapists (N = 6) were compared with those of the nursing home residents. Personal interviews were held in six nursing homes in southem Alberta. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and content analyzed. Results indicated that free choice was an extremely relative term; hence, some professional behaviors may well be bordering on coercion. Differing opinions on the value and operationalization of the goals of therapeutic recreation present serious implications for consumer choice, education and functional status of the nursing home resident.
The Guide to Community Preventive Services What Works to Promote Health

The book is divided into three parts dealing with changing risk behaviours and addressing environmental challenges, reducing disease, injury and impairment and methodological background. It covers the main topic areas of reducing tobacco usage, increasing physical activity, various child ill health prevention programmes, what works in cancer prevention, diabetes, diseases which can be prevented by vaccines and finally oral health— something of a strange combination in my opinion as obesity, the biggest health problem in the USA neither receives specific mention nor does nutrition. The book has a very American focus but does contain useful information on various recommendations from advisory groups and a brief summary on the methods used to determine economic efficiency of all interventions. But my main complaint is how little mention the workplace gets. It is mentioned in only two areas, cancer prevention and diabetes education and self-management and even then is quite disappointing. On the cancer front, it concludes that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of interventions to reduce occupational exposure to UV light and to promote sun-protective behaviours and in diabetes there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of diabetes self-management in worksite programmes. If I were optimistic, I would conclude that the absence of evidence of the effectiveness of workplace interventions is not the same as evidence of absence of effectiveness but overall the one conclusion I have from reading the book is, and I will apologise in advance, that ‘more workplace research is needed’. Overall, this book is likely to be more of interest to public health than occupational physicians and will have a small (but probably) selective occupational readership.
Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation in newborns : implications for brain and lung

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rescue treatment for newborns with severe respiratory insufficiency. In veno-arterial ECMO, venous blood is drained from the right atrium, oxygenated in an artificial lung and reinfused in the aorta. For vascular access the right internal jugular vein and right common carotid artery are ligated permanently. This invasive treatment may have major complications. In this thesis we described the results of ECMO treatment in the University Medical Center Nijmegen of 186 newborns over a period of 12.5 years. Survival varied between 65% and 95%, depending on the diagnosis. Major causes of death were respiratory insufficiency and intracranial haemorrhage. In this thesis we studied lung vascular morphology in newborns with pulmonary hypertension treated with ECMO and demonstrated a decrease in the abnormal morphometry that exists in the small pulmonary blood vessels.Furthermore, we studied the effects of ECMO on the brain. We demonstrated that intermittent opening of the so-called bridge, a safety connection in the ECMO circuit, has important negative effects on the cerebral oxygenation and circulation. This can be prevented with adaptation of this bridge. We also demonstrated that a patent ductus arteriosus with left to right shunt can diminish cerebral oxygenation and perfusion and should therefore be identified early. Others suggested that ECMO causes cerebral lesions predominantly in the right cerebral hemisphere, related to ligation of the right common carotid artery. We demonstrated that the initiation of ECMO has effects on the cerebral oxygenation and circulation, but that these effects were equal for both cerebral hemispheres. In veno-venous ECMO, drainage and reinfusion of blood take place both in the right atrium and ligation of the right common carotid artery is not necessary. To optimize the use of veno-venous ECMO it is important to be informed about recirculation. We developed a bedside method to quantify the amount of recirculation during veno-venous ECMO.
DynaSprint: Microarchitectural Sprints with Dynamic Utility and Thermal Management

Sprinting is a class of mechanisms that provides a short but significant performance boost while temporarily exceeding the thermal design point. We propose DynaSprint, a software runtime that manages sprints by dynamically predicting utility and modeling thermal headroom. Moreover, we propose a new sprint mechanism for caches, increasing capacity briefly for enhanced performance. For a system that extends last-level cache capacity from 2MB to 4MB per core and can absorb 10J of heat, DynaSprint-guided cache sprints improve performance by 17% on average and by up to 40% over a non-sprinting system. These performance outcomes, within 95% of an oracular policy, are possible because DynaSprint accurately predicts phase behavior and sprint utility.
MuSher: An Agile Multipath-TCP Scheduler for Dual-Band 802.11ad/ac Wireless LANs

Future WLAN devices will combine both IEEE 802.11ad and 802.11ac interfaces. The former provides multi-Gbps rates but is susceptible to blockage, whereas the latter is slower but offers reliable connectivity. A fundamental challenge is thus how to combine those complementary technologies, to make the most of the advantages they offer. In this work, we leverage Multipath TCP (MPTCP) to use both interfaces simultaneously in order to achieve a higher overall throughput as well as seamlessly switch to a single interface when the other one fails. We find that standard MPTCP often performs sub-optimally and can yield a throughput much lower than that of single path TCP over the faster of the two interfaces. We analyze the cause of these performance issues in detail and then design MuSher, an agile MPTCP scheduler that allows MPTCP to fully utilize the channel resources available to both interfaces. Our evaluation in realistic scenarios shows that MuSher can provide a throughput improvement of 50%/130% under WLAN/Internet settings respectively, compared to the default MPTCP scheduler. It further speeds up the recovery of a traffic stream after disruption by a factor of 8x/75x.
Synergistic Effects Of Garcinol And Gemcitabine In Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy In Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells And Its Effect On Microrna Profile

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF GARCINOL AND GEMCITABINE IN ENHANCING THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA C ELLS AND ITS EFFECT ON MICRORNA PROFILE by MANSI PARASRAMKA August 2010 Advisor: Dr. Smiti V Gupta Major: Nutrition and Food Science Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Human Pancreatic Cancer (PaCa) is one of the most hostile and fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Current standard chemotherapeutic agent for advanced PaCa is gemcitabine, a cytotoxic nucleoside analogue which results in modest response due to high degree of inherent and acquired chemo resistance. Forthcoming evidence strongly supports that non-nutritive food components have therapeutic benefits attributable to pleiotropic effects including down-regulation of survival signaling and simultaneously activating multiple death pathways in tumors. Garcinol from the plant Garcinia indica have exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic activity in several cancer types including colon, tongue, breast, skin and liver. This study aims to test 1) therapeutic efficacy of garcinol against PaCa (BxPC-3 and Panc-1) cells 2A) its role in dietary interactions with curcumin and 2B) drug sensitization with gemcitabine and 3) identify microRNA targets in PaCa cells on
"A"-kids: Activity kcal intervention daily study effects of 100-kcal daily energy expenditure on total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 3rd grade children

A”-KIDS: ACTIVITY KCAL INTERVENTION DAILY STUDY EFFECTS OF 100-KCAL DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ON TOTAL MODERATE-TO-VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 3 GRADE CHILDREN FEBRUARY 2010 CHERYL A. HOWE, B.S., LAKE SUPERIOR STATE UNIVERSITY M.S., BALL STATE UNIVERSITY Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Patty S. Freedson, Ph.D. A selection of common children’s games were measured in a laboratory-based study to be enjoyable and to elicit sufficient physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in 3 grade children to combat the purported chronic energy surplus of childhood obesity (~100 kcalday). PAEE during the games was similar for boys and girls, yet overweight children expended greater PAEE relative to body weight than healthy weight children. During a subsequent simulated recess program, the enjoyment declined over the 10-session program with no significant decline in PAEE. Using the enjoyable games of known energy cost in a structured recess program for 9 weeks successfully increased total daily PA compared to the control school who reported substantially greater amount of free-play time. The greater amount of acquired PA in the intervention school children did not affect the amount of time spent in sedentary pursuits but it did result in a smaller vi increase in body weight after 9 weeks. More research is needed to expand on this initial list of games that reduce the excessive weight gain in children when incorporated into a structured recess intervention.
Where do Australian children get their dietary fibre? A focus on breakfast food choices.

Aims: There is little data in Australian children assessing dietary fibre intakes or ready-to-eat cereal consumption. The aims were to: (i) assess the dietary fibre intake of 2- to 16-year-old children from the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey; (ii) determine the percentage of children meeting adequate fibre intake; and (iii) determine the contribution of breakfast and ready-to-eat cereal fibre intake. Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Results: On the day of the survey, the mean (SE) dietary fibre intake among all children at breakfast was 4.5 (0.1) g and total daily fibre intake was 20.7 (0.2) g. Fibre adequacy was achieved by 50% of Australian children. Forty-nine percent of all children consumed ready-to-eat cereal, providing 2/3 of fibre intake at breakfast and 1/10 of total daily fibre intake. Consuming ready-to-eat cereal was a significant predictor of total daily fibre intake (β= 0.028). Over 60% of all children consumed ready-to-eat cereal in which at least a ‘source’ of fibre (1.5–3.0 g) was available; however, <10% of children consumed ready-to-eat cereal containing a ‘very high source’ of fibre (≥6.0 g). Conclusions: While ready-to-eat cereal was only consumed by close to half of all children, it was a significant contributor of fibre at both the breakfast meal occasion and over the whole day. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to identify whether increasing consumption of fibre from ready-to-eat cereal alters health outcomes such as anthropometric and biochemical end points.
Pathology and genetics of tumours of the nervous system.

1: Astrocytic tumours Diffuse astrocytomas Low-grade diffuse astrocytomas Anaplastic astrocytoma Glioblastoma Giant cell glioblastoma Gliosarcoma Pilocytic astrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 2: Oligodendroglial tumours and mixed gliomas Oligodendroglioma Anaplastic oligodendroglioma Mixed gliomas Oligoastrocytoma Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma Other mixed gliomas 3: Ependymal tumours Ependymoma and variants Anaplastic ependymoma Myxopapillary ependymoma 4: Choroid plexus tumours 5: Neuroepithelial tumours of uncertain origin Astroblastoma Polar spongioblastoma Gliomatosis cerebri 6: Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumours Gangliocytoma and ganglioglioma Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma and ganglioglioma Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours Paraganglioma 7: Pineal parenchymal tumours Pineoblastoma Pineocytoma Mixed pineoblastoma/pineocytoma 8: Embryonal tumours Medulloepithelioma Central neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma Ependymoblastoma Medulloblastoma Medullomyoblastoma Melanotic medulloblastoma Lipomatous medulloblastoma Supratentorial PNET Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour 9: Peripheral neuroblastic tumours Olfactory neuroblastoma Neuroblastic tumours of the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous system 10: Tumours of cranial and peripheral nerves Schwannoma Neurofibroma Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) 11: Meningeal tumours Meningiomas Mesenchymal, non-meningothelial tumours Haemangiopericytoma Melanocytic lesions 12: Tumours of the haemopoietic system Malignant lymphomas Histiocytic tumours 13: Germ cell tumours 14: Familial tumour syndromes Neurofibromatosis type 1 Neurofibromatosis type 2 Von Hippel-Lindau disease and capillary haemangioblastoma Tuberous sclerosis complex and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma TP53 germline mutations and the Li-Fraumeni syndrome Cowden syndrome Turcot syndrome Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome 15: Tumours of the sellar region Craniopharyngioma 16: Metastatic tumours of the CNS.
The effect of chronic bilateral nephrectomy on plasma and brain angiotensin

Objective: To prove the independence of local tissue renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in brain from classical kidney RAS, we measured local angiotensin levels in bilaterally nephrectomized rats which had been dialyzed with a dialysis technique to greatly prolong survival time. Design: Two groups of animals were used: (1) bilaterally nephrectomized rats with intraperitoneal dialysis, where both kidneys were surgically removed; and (2) controls with intact kidneys and dialysis. By using this protocol, we were able to study plasma and brain angiotensins 5 days after nephrectomy (no longer periods have been attempted). Methods: Plasma sodium, potassium and pH were monitored while rats were dialyzed four times a day. Plasma samples and brain areas were obtained and angiotensin II measured by radioimmunoassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Plasma angiotensin II was significantly diminished in the nephrectomized rats but was still detectable, the levels being above the minimal detectable value. The identity of angiotensin I and angiotensin II detected by radioimmunoassay was confirmed by HPLC. In the brain, angiotensin II content was significantly increased in all areas studied. The highest increments were in hypothalamus and brain stem. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that: (1) brain angiotensin II is regulated independently of peripheral angiotensin II; and (2) a reduced plasma angiotensin II persists 5 days after bilateral nephrectomy. We conclude that the angiotensin II in the plasma was derived from non-renal tissue and the results support the conclusion that tissue RAS has paracrine and autocrine functions independent of the endocrine function of circulating plasma angiotensin.
Meeting the needs of children from birth to three: research evidence and implications for out-of-home provision

In 2001 the Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED) commissioned Professor Colwyn Trevarthen and a team of colleagues to review the research evidence on the development of children from birth to three years old, and to consider the implications of that evidence for the provision of care outwith the home. Incorporating the findings of 30 years of intensive academic research on the development of communication and thinking in infants and toddlers, the review provided an overview of the ways in which adults can contribute to children's development from the earliest stages, the kinds of adult attention and care that are beneficial and the characteristics of out-of-home provision that meets young children's changing needs. This Insight report offers an overview of the conclusions reached in the review, paying particular attention to the implications of the evidence for practitioners and policy makers.
Diferencias de sexo en la práctica anestésica general

El reconocimiento de las diferencias fisiologicas y morfologicas es de suma importancia en la practica anestesica. Factores hormonales son fundamentales en la desigualdad entre ambos sexos. El ciclo menstrual de la mujer modifica los niveles hormonales de progestagenos y testosterona, teniendo un efecto considerable a nivel sistemico y local. Hechos como la depuracion mas rapida de algunos anestesicos IV por parte de la mujer hace que recobre la conciencia mas rapido que el hombre, a pesar de ello la mujer sufre consecuencias postoperatorias mas severas (.)
Reflexión acerca del estudio del estrés oxidativo en la investigación reciente

Una de las paradojas mas relevantes que se dan en la naturaleza, es la que se conoce como la paradoja del oxigeno. Necesitamos oxigeno para transformar el combustible en energia, pero desde que las primeras celulas eucarioticas se adaptaron a la vida aerobica se ha producido un efecto secundario de este metabolismo, la produccion de sustancias reactivas de oxigeno. Debido a la formacion ineludible de estos radicales libres los seres vivos han tenido que ingeniarselas para sobrevivir en este ambiente oxidante creado por su propio funcionamiento, y la respuesta evolutiva adecuada para contrarrestar el dano que podrian ocasionar estas especies reactivas ha sido el desarrollo de sistemas antioxidantes. Esto implica que, para tener en cuenta la situacion que acontece en un organismo, hay que valorar el equilibrio entre la produccion de especies reactivas y la capacidad de eliminacion de las mismas, conocido como balance redox.
Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice

FULL CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION, HISTORY AND SCOPE: Introduction Modern endodontics Scope of endodontics Role of microorganisms Tissue response to root canal infection Quality assurance Recent developments References GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC ASPECTS OF ENDODONTICS: Introduction Differential diagnosis of dental pain Maxillary sinus Systemic disease and endodontics Endodontics and infective endocarditis Endodontics in patients with prosthetic hip joints Use of antibiotics in endodontics Control of pain and anxiety Analgesics Dental Practitioners' Formulary References PULP SPACE ANATOMY AND ACCESS CAVITIES: Introduction Nomenclature Accessory and lateral canals Location of apical foramina Pulp space anatomy and race Pulp space anatomy and access cavities Pulp space anatomy of primary teeth Apical enclosure References THE DENTAL PULP: Introduction Pulpal response to irritants Diagnosis of pulpal damage Pulpal irritants Management of deep caries Pulp exposure Traumatic injuries Cracked cusps Pulpal response to periodontal disease and treatment Pulpal response to intra-alveolar surgery References BASIC INSTRUMENTATION IN ENDODONTICS: Introduction Instruments for access cavity preparation Instruments for root canal preparation Instruments for filling root canals Equipment for storing instruments Sterilization of endodontic instruments Equipment for improving visibility References PREPARATION OF THE ROOT CANAL SYSTEM: Introduction Method and rationale for conventional root canal treatment Preparation of the canal Influence of root canal morphology on endodontic preparation Method of instrumentation Root canal preparation Techniques involving initial coronal preparation Techniques involving initial apical preparation Mechanized techniques of root canal preparation Other methods of preparation with future clinical potential Root canal retreatment Key points of root canal preparation References INTRACANAL MEDICATION: Introduction History Rationale and overview of a
The effects of education on health and fertility in Ghana

Using the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) conducted in 1987/88 and 1998/99, this thesis examines two thematic areas of non-monetary returns to education in Ghana. One of the primary aims is to find the differences in the effects of education over the decade (1987/88–1998/99), using standard and non-standard econometric analysis. In addition, the later survey year serves as a robustness check on the first. The first theme examines health status; measured as illness and its duration, as well as the use of anthropometric indicators. The study finds that parental education is positively associated with child’s reported illness and its duration. Further verification of this outcome using an instrumental variable (2SLS) approach that assumes possible endogeneity of parental education supports the results relating to maternal education in both survey years. In contrast, paternal primary education tends to reduce children’s reported illness; but this is only statistically significant in GLSS 1. These outcomes, although perverse are not uncommon in developing countries, and may be the result of systematic reporting bias. The analysis also reveals inconsistent results regarding adults’ health status between the two survey years. For example, we find that illness and its duration increase with personal education in GLSS 1, but the converse is true in GLSS 4, ceteris paribus. The mixed results of this study imply that the relationship between education and health status varies across health measures, and probably over time. Hence caution should be exercised before broad conclusions are drawn and policies made regarding these two vital socioeconomic indicators (education and health). The last theme analyses fertility in both structural and reduced form functions. The structural function involves a two-stage process. The first stage estimates the effect of education on three proximate determinants of fertility - the duration of breastfeeding, contraceptive use and age at cohabitation. The second stage subsequently models the fertility function by estimating three measures: the probability of having at least one birth; the unconditional number of births; and the number of births conditional on one having occurred, using the predicted values of the proximate determinants as inputs similar to the conventional production function. The reduced form fertility model estimates the impact of women’s education on the number of live births. The findings are that (1) education increases the use of contraception, delays age at cohabitation and shortens the duration of breastfeeding, as anticipated; (2) contraception and age at cohabitation subsequently tend to reduce the overall number of live births, though we observe an ambiguous outcome regarding breastfeeding; (3) education, in a fuller and direct way, also shows a strong negative association with fertility in both surveys; and finally (4) fertility appears to have declined over the period studied. We also find a structural shift in respect of the influence of women’s education from post-primary to primary level on fertility, ceteris paribus.