Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding among staff of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Introduction: Many studies have investigated the knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding among fathers and mothers, however studies looking at working adults’ knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding is limited. Working adults with good knowledge and favourable attitude toward the practice of breastfeeding may increase the breastfeeding initiative among working mothers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding among staff from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of a public university and its associated factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among faculty staff members. The respondents were selected by simple random sampling and a self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding among them. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the factors associated with knowledge and attitude respectively. Results: A total of 117 respondents were recruited to take part in this study. Of these, 83(70.9%) had good knowledge while 61(52.6%) respondents had favourable attitude toward breastfeeding. There was significant positive fair correlation between knowledge and attitude score (r=0.396,p<0.001). Gender (coefficient:1.04,CI:0.25-1.84), education level (coefficient:1.56,CI:0.60-2.53) and number of children (coefficient:0.21,CI:0.01-0.40) were the factors affecting knowledge score whereas education level (coefficient:5.73,CI:1.40-10.07) and number of children (coefficient:1.3,CI:0.41-2.11) were the factors affecting attitude. Conclusion: Overall, majority of respondents were found to have good knowledge but half of them had favourable attitude toward breastfeeding. A awareness program is suggested particularly for male, low education level and those with less number of children in order to increase knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding.
Designing a Plan for Camera System to Control the Security Section at Baghdad City

: Security is becoming important challenges and necessary nowadays as the possibilities of intrusion are increasing day by day. The camera system is a most important security requirement of everywhere. With the fast development of mobile devices and internet services, managing home security with these devices and services is gaining popularity. To expand the range of usability of conventional city surveillance cameras.in this proposal work camera use in security situation to control of Baghdad city by use visual sensor network is a network of spatially distributed smart camera devices capable of processing and fusing images of a scene from a variety of viewpoints into some form more useful than the individual images With the possibility of analyzing the results and duplicate detection in addition to sending noise signals using special devices This design use Matlab to monitor a people in the street and detect criminals persons.
A Review on Preventive Measures for Cervical Cancer

The present review is an attempt to compile information related to role of HPV and other causes along with their different stages for cervical cancer. The large number of deaths occurring globally due to cervical cancer gives researchers opportunities to explore more on this health issue. Many studies have confirmed that persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the one of key component and drugs targeting and other available treatments for cervical cancer in women are also discussed here. The present study also focused on to incorporate the available diagnostics and therapeutics against the cervical cancer. This paper helps the readers to develop the new lab tests as well as drug molecules to tackle this worst health condition.
Achieving Carbon Neutrality for A Future Large Greenhouse Gas Emitter in Quebec, Canada: A Case Study

To reach the Paris Agreement targets of holding the global temperature increase below 2 °C above the preindustrial levels, every human activity will need to be carbon neutral by 2050. Feasible means for industries to achieve carbon neutrality must be developed and assessed economically. Herein we present a case study on available solutions to achieve net-zero carbon from the get-go for a planned liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Quebec, which would classify as a large Canadian greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter. From a literature review, available options were prioritized with the promoter. Each prioritized potential solution is discussed in light of its feasibility and the associated economic opportunities and challenges. Although net-zero carbon is feasible from the get-go, results show that the promoter should identify opportunities to reduce as much as possible emissions at source, cooperate with other industries for CO2 capture and utilization, replace natural gas from fossil sources by renewable sources and offset the remaining emissions by planting trees and/or buying offsets on the compliance and voluntary markets. As some of these solutions are still to be developed, to ensure timely net-zero pledge for the lifespan of the LNG plant, a portfolio and progressive approach to combine offsets and other options is preferable.
Genotypic variation in plant disease resistance―physiological resistance in relation to field disease transmission

Cloned genotypes of Silene alba differed in the percentage of plants that became diseased following floral and bud inoculation with six isolates of the fungus Ustilago violacea. The three flower and bud inoculation methods used in the study had little effect on the resistance ranking of the genotypes. No differences in virulence were found among the six fungal isolates. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the percentage of diseased plants following inoculation was an important predictor of disease levels of the same genotypes in a field experiment with natural disease transmission. This result validates the use of inoculation methods for large-scale resistance testing in this system (.)
Detection of Skin Cancer Melanoma Using Expert System Forward Chaining Method And Image Processing Of K-nearest Neighbor (knn) Method Based on Android

Melanoma is the most dangerous and deadly type of skin cancer. Melanoma can be cured if detected early, but the form of melanoma that resembles a mole makes it difficult to distinguish. Early treatment performed by a dermatologist on melanoma through a biopsy process. However, a lack of biopsy is a long preparation and laboratory results that take a little longer. This fear will make cancer cells spread more widely. With this problem, this final project will design an Android-based mobile application that can detect melanoma early. Applications designed using expert systems are forward chaining methods and image processing methods K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). From the results of image processing testing that has been done this application has an accuracy of 72% by using training data totaling 70 images. While the expert system with the forward chaining method is suitable to be used in this application because the decisions taken are in accordance with the knowledge representation that has been entered into the system.
Should Suicide Be Reported in the Media?

Particularly in cases where there is publicity about a death, a persons “reach from the grave” can have unexpected and wide impact beyond immediate family and friends. A body of literature has been accumulating over many years, concluding that publicity about suicide leads to imitation. This has led health authorities in several countries to issue guidelines for media organizations that warn of this danger and to recommend curtailment of such reports (e.g., Australia, 2004; Sonneck et al., 1994; Michel et al., 2000).
Production of two species of Stenopsyche (Trichoptera:Stenopsychidae) in Tohoku district.

Production was estimated for the co-existing net-spinning caddisflies, Stenopsyche marmorata and S. sauteri, using the instantaneous growth method, in the Mamigasaki River in Yamagata, Tohoku District. S.marmorata was bivoltine, whereas S.sauteri was univoltine. Annual production for S.marmorata was calculated to be 15.47 g dry weight·m-2 · yr-1, which was the highest value of many reported for Trichoptera, excluding unusual conditions. Production for the overwintering generation of S.marmorata was roughly twice as large as that of the summer generation. Higher production was attained by the overwintering cohort because of heavier fifth instar body weights. Annual production for S.sauteri was 1.08 g dry weight · m-2·yr-1, which was within the range of values reported for many species of Trichoptera. Annual turnover ratio (P/B) was 8.99 for S.marmorata and 3.93 for S.sauteri. Cohort turnover ratios were 5.25 for the overwintering generation and 4.98 for the summer generation. Cohort turnover ratios for the two species were within the range observed for aquatic invertebrates.
Polygeneration from Biomass-Ethanol Production with Co-Generation of Electricity, Heat and Utilities in a Regional Setting

The transportation sector relies heavily on energy sources from fossil fuels that are threatened by resource depletion and responsible for global warming. Biodiesel, biogas and bioethanol among others have found consideration as renewable substitute. Large scale production of ethanol and biodiesel is burdened with a heavy penalty for fertilizers in industrial farming as well as transportation costs on the overall energy balance. Potential of valuable side products of farming such as wheat straw is left unused. In a small scale version of a ethanol plant fitting to a regional setting these shortcomings can be compensated for. To take advantage thereof the production facility design needs to be adapted. Large scale ethanol production relies on tailor made solution for a specific product. The process is highly integrated and efficient. The high investment costs in sophisticated detail solutions are compensated by the savings later in production. This work is concerned with the design of a polygeneration process that is adapted to fit regional realities under the premise of energy efficiency and economic soundness. The evaluation is conducted for an ethanol production target of 1000 and 2500 t/a anhydrous ethanol. Wheat grain and straw, the major products of the model region north of Vienna, are the process substrates considered. Polygeneration allows the required flexibility in process design to accommodate the spectrum of substrates. By means of a design and selection phase four scenarios are chosen. Two of the process scenarios facilitate wheat grain, the other two wheat straw as substrate for ethanol production. The stillage is co-fermented with pretreated wheat straw in an anaerobic digester. To provide the steam utilities for the process the biogas is either burned in a combustion chamber or a gas engine. The latter yields electricity for self supply and the grid. The pretreatment of lignocellulose, residual biogas potential after ethanol fermentation of pretreated wheat straw and the heat integration of the process are analyzed in detail. The grain based process with gas engine was found to yield the best performance. Wheat straw only schemes could not use the potential of lignin that makes up a significant share of the raw material. Although current as well as future scenarios such as pentose fermentation capabilities no polygeneration design was found that could produce at the going market rates of ethanol even with contribution from methane and electricity sales. Advances in pretreatment and enzyme technology have a large potential to improve the process. Lignin remains the key point to render straw-based processes competitive against grain. Future work should be focused on development of processing technologies for lignin.
Analysis and Design of a Soft Switching Z-Source Boost DC-DC Converter

This paper proposes a high step-up fully soft switched Z-source Boost DC-DC converter, which uses two resonant paths to create soft switching conditions for switches and diodes and also increases the voltage gain. The proposed converter only has one switch, so it has a simple structure. Furthermore, its control circuit remains pulse width modulation. Since soft switching conditions are provided for all switching elements, the converter efficiency is very high. This converter also has all advantages of Z-source converters. The converter is analyzed and simulated in PSPICE software. The results confirm the aforementioned advantages and features of the proposed converter.
Minerals Essential for Growth of the Filamentous Fungus, Mortierella alpina

Potato protein and dextrose are ideal media for cultivation of Mortierella alpina, that produces arachidonic acid. Corn peptide-dextrose medium is not suitable for growth of the fungus although amino acid compositions of the two are similar. Thus, to corn peptide- dextrose medium was added metallic salt containing quasi-major element, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphor, or potassium in amounts from 0.050. 30% and used for liquid cultivation at 20°C in a 500-mL shake flask for 14 days. Cell growth was greatly enhanced but the lipid accumulation ratio of methyl esters (g) /dry cell weight (g) reached only 70% that of lipid in cells grown in potato-dextrose medium. Iron, copper, zinc, or manganese was then added at 2×10-51×10-3% to corn peptide-dextrose medium on top of phosphor and potassium for cultivation. Iron and manganese increased the lipid accumulation ratio to essentially the same extent as above with nitrogen content in the medium the same. Phosphor and potassium may be concluded essential for the growth of M. alpina and iron and manganese to have significant roles in lipid synthesis.
Peppermint a medicinal herb and treasure of health: A review

High demand for aromatic herbs in the sectors of biotechnology, cosmetics, medicinal and food industries has enhanced their market values. Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is a prominent medicinal herb and largely acknowledged by medicinal and food processing industries due to its excellent health benefits. Though it is used as a flavoring agent in foods, they are mostly recognized in the world for their antimicrobial and antioxidant features. Peppermint oil and its other by-products are generally used for candies, teas, mouth freshener, toothpaste, beverages, alcoholic liqueurs, jellies, syrups, ice creams, cough drops, chewing gums, confectioneries, soaps, detergents, and mosquito repellents. It is a highly perishable and seasonal plant, therefore, it needs to be dried and make it available throughout the entire year. The drying of peppermint mint herbs is targeted to enhance the storage time, minimize the packaging and transport cost. Various studies on drying of mints were collected and analyzed the drying kinetics, to regulate the effect of several drying methods on drying time, drying rate and to improve its quality in terms of color and other characteristics. The present paper reviews the health aids of peppermint such as anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-asthmatic, allopathic, spasmolytic, anti-headache, anti-septic, and radioactive properties in detailed. Thus, peppermint has a wide scope of future research and studies and needs to be utilized its potential benefits for human prosperity.
Growth and Osmotic Relations of the Mangrove Avicennia marina, as Influenced by Salinity

Seeds of the mangrove Avicennia marina were germinated and grown for up to 11 months on nutrient solution or nutrient solution containing 10, 25, 50, 75 or 100% natural seawater (500 mM sodium; 580 mM chloride). Early seedling development was most rapid in the absence of sodium chloride, but soon declined. As a result, biomass production in this treatment was poorest. The response was associated with the appearance of necrotic lesions. The growth optimum based on fresh or dry weight occurred on 10, 25 or 50% seawater. Plants receiving higher salinities, particularly full strength seawater, were slow to develop, and low in biomass, but healthy in appearance. Seeds taken from parent trees growing on tidal mudflats had osmotic potentials more negative than seawater, but contained little sodium or chloride, potassium being the most abundant inorganic ion. The osmotic potentials of the seedlings were more negative than those of the external watering solutions by at least 2 MPa in all of the treatments. Turgor pressures of approximately 0.8 MPa were evident for the salt-treated plants, but were much lower (0.2-0.3 MPa) for plants receiving only nutrient. Seedlings grown on nutrient alone accumulated mainly potassium (sodium and chloride being unavailable) and probably depended upon organic substances, in particular organic anions, to generate internal osmotic potential. Plants on 10-100% seawater treatments behaved as typical halophytes accumulating increasing levels of sodium and chloride as external salinity increased, even though the leaves can regulate steady-state ionic concentrations by means of salt glands. Sodium replaced potassium, but preferential potassium uptake was maintained over a wide range of external sodium concentrations. Chloride accumulation balanced approximately half of the cations present. The calculated osmotic contribution made by the cations (assuming complete charge balance by chloride) in the leaf extracts corresponded closely to measured osmotic potential.
Discovery of α2β1 integrin ligands : tools and drug candidates for cancer and thrombus

Koivunen, Jarkko Discovery of 2 1 integrin ligands: Tools and drug candidates for cancer and thrombus. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2011, 56 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science, ISSN 1456-9701; 224) ISBN 978-951-39-4373-8 (nid.), 978-951-39-4417-9 (PDF) Yhteenveto: 2 1-integriiniligandien suunnittelu; lääkeaihioita ja työkaluja syövän ja veritulpan hoitoon Diss. Integrins are cell-surface proteins that mediate signalling between the cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix, and furthermore, attach cells to their surroundings. Four of these proteins, 1 1 2 1 10 1, and 11 1, act as collagen receptor. 2 1 integrin–collagen interaction has shown to have a role in several pathological processes such as thrombus and cancer. Accordingly, recent studies have indicated that the 2 1 integrin is a promising target for drug discovery. However, only a few potential drug candidates have been found so far. The understanding of the 2 1 integrin structure-function relationships, which are yet partially unknown, is crucial when novel pharmaceuticals are developed. In this thesis, several novel 2 1 integrin function modulating ligands were developed by using computer-aided targetbased drug discovery. First, a set of molecules was rationally designed, synthesized, and their biological activity was tested to shed light to structureactivity relationships of effective 2 1 integrin–collagen I inhibitors. Achieved results were used in the development of a fluorescent tool molecule. This fluorescent probe was used to explore the 2 1 integrin function in cellular level, and also in identifying the binding mode of novel 2 1 ligands. The small molecule crystal structures provide information about intermolecular interactions that ligands can potentially form. Thus, several crystal structures of discovered integrin ligands were successfully solved. In the future, these structures can be utilized when novel 2 1 ligands are sought by using virtual screening. This thesis gives valuable insight to the 2 1 integrin ligands and is an important part of a journey to safe and effective integrin pharmaceuticals.
Europeism and Euroscepticism in Eastern and Central European Party Systems

The paper examines the evolution of Eastern and Central European party systems to the emergent division between pro-EU and Eurosceptic forces and puts forward a revised view of the traditional centre-periphery cleavage in six countries: Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Romania. The first part discusses the Rokkan spatial approach, the second develops a revised view of centre-periphery cleavage in relation to space at the regional level, and the third analyzes party competition in terms of Europeism and Euroscepticism in Eastern and Central European party systems.
Breast Cancer Stem Cells Eradication: A Newer Approach towards the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Cancer is one of the major public health problems around worldwide, and the number of cancer cases increases every year and it was expected to reach 17.1 million by the year of 2020. Stem cells are known as the primal cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. They have the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and can differentiate into a variety range of specialized cell types. Stem cell transplants are mainly used to replace bone marrow that has been destroyed by cancer or destroyed by the chemo and radiation therapy which is used to treat the cancer. Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women around the worldwide and more over, it is believed that cancer targeted therapies particularly stem cell targeted therapy are superior to current treatments such as traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy inorder to overcome recurrence, metastasis and chemo-resistance. This review article details about the stem cells, normal human breast and stem cells application in treatment of breast cancer.
The effects of cohort and period mortality shocks on mortality at different ages

I study how mortality at a given age depends on cohort and period mortality shocks. I define cohort mortality shocks as deviations from trend in cohort’s own infant and early childhood mortality. Period shocks are defined as deviations from trend in early childhood mortality during the period under consideration. Using annual cohort data for five European countries I find that cohort mortality shocks are essentially unrelated to later mortality. Period shocks are strongly correlated with mortality at all ages, but at older ages the association grows weaker. The results are similar for men and women, and suggest that cohort’s early life experiences may have only little influence on cohort’s later mortality and that period conditions dominate variation in mortality. 1 Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Email myrskylm@pop.upenn. edu. I thank Samuel H. Preston, Hiram Beltrán Sánchez, Janice Madden, Neil K. Mehta, Douglas Ewbank, James Oeppen, Beth Soldo, James W. Vaupel, John R. Wilmoth and participants of the demographic research seminar at the University of Pennsylvania for their comments.