Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD4+CD25+ T Cells Regulate Colonic Localization of CD4 T Cells Reactive to a Microbial Antigen

Background: In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, T‐cell activation driven by microflora has been implicated as a mechanism causing clonal expansion and infiltration of CD4+ T cells in colonic lamina propria (LP). We explored a regulatory mechanism preventing infiltration of CD4+ T cells specific to a microbe‐associated antigen in the gut. Methods: SCID mice were reconstituted with CD4+ T cells specific to ovalbumin (OVA) and were orally administered with Escherichia coli engineered to produce OVA. Results: OVA‐specific CD4+ T cells (KJ1–26+) were recruited to colonic LP in an Ag‐dependent manner, which was inhibited by adoptive transfer of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ T (Treg) cells. KJ1–26+ T cells and Treg cells are localized preferentially to the colonic follicles that contain dendritic cells. In mice given Treg cells, LP CD4+ T cells showed a decrease in proliferative and interferon &ggr; response and an increase in transforming growth factor &bgr;1 response to OVA stimulation. Treg cells inhibited both antigenic activation of effector CD4+ T cells and class II/CD80/CD86 up‐regulation of dendritic cells. Conclusion: Treg cells suppress recruitment of CD4+ T cells specific to a microbe‐associated antigen to LP, which was associated with colocalization of effector CD4+ T cells and Treg cells in colonic follicles.
Strategies to Promote Stronger Technology Spillovers From Trade and Investments: Tapping Production Networks, Promoting Services and Linking SMEs

Trade and investment flows into less advanced economies could bring about important technological spillovers that could boost firm-level productivity and bolster their long term economic growth. This brief paper outlines some of the motivations for public sector interventions to support learning by doing and stronger technological spillovers. It then provides a brief discussion of three key areas for policy attention, covering a) the features that make international production networks fertile platforms for these spillovers; b) the opportunities for technology spillovers in the services sector; and c) the challenges associated with policies to link SMEs into these sectors that are fertile ground for technology spillovers and innovation. This paper concludes by presenting a few possible guidelines on innovation and technology policy based on the lessons of industrialization attempts in the last several decades.
Take Pride in America's Health: Volunteering as a Gateway to Physical Activity

Abstract The authors discuss the role that volunteer programs may play in increasing levels of physical activity. In some cases volunteer programs may simultaneously improve individual health, benefit the environment and increase the public's opportunities for physical activity. From a survey of 2,032 respondents, results suggest that volunteers are more likely to meet physical activity recommendations than non-volunteers. Moreover, those who volunteer on environmental issues are 2.6 times as likely to meet physical activity recommendations as those who do not volunteer for these issues. Policies that support volunteer opportunities involving environmental projects such as maintaining trails, planting trees and cleaning parks, may be important for individual fitness because of their potential for high levels of physical activity. Volunteer activities that produce personal health benefits fit well within the actions of a comprehensive health promotion effort and health educators are well positioned to partner with volunteer programs. Moreover, this promising practice serves as an opportunity for health educators to be effective consumers of health promotion research. Health educators are encouraged to seek partnership opportunities on future studies to clarify the role that volunteer programs requiring physical activity may play in promoting or maintaining health.
Trade Relationships, Indirect Economic Links, and Mergers

The economic links between firms created by customer and supplier relationships are critical determinants of those firms’ values and actions. We demonstrate that significant trade relationships and indirect economic links incrementally explain which firms are more likely to be involved in acquisitions, which pairs of firms are more likely to merge, and which mergers will have the greatest impact, both on value and in motivating follow-on mergers by rivals. Firms with major trade relationships are significantly less likely to acquire, or be acquired by, firms that do not share in those relationships. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017. 2938. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Spectroscopy for Compton interaction in pixelated CdZnTe detectors

Excellent spectroscopy for gamma rays can be obtained with pixelated CdZnTe detectors. Correction to the depth dependence of the pixel electrode signal can be made by simultaneously also measuring the common electrode signal. For high-energy gammas, thick detectors are required for increased detection efficiency. For increased efficiency, it is desirable to reconstruct Compton events, 2-pixel events that include the Compton scatter and re-interaction. The ambiguity in depth information for two pixel events in the same detector, with only one common signal, can be overcome taking advantage of sharp correlation with the relative difference of these two pixels. We present measurements made with a 1cm /spl times/ 1cm /spl times/ 1cm CdZnTe detector with the anode segmented to a 4 /spl times/ 4 array of pad electrodes. For each gamma interaction, signals for all the 16 pad electrodes and for the common cathode electrode were digitized to enable further correction for the depth of gamma interaction, and for the reconstruction of Compton scatter interactions. We focus on the 1.115 MeV line of /sup 65/ Zn source. For single pixel events, the summed corrected pad spectra yields an energy resolution of better than 1.0 % FWHM. Reconstruction of Compton events were made with signals from all combinations of 2 nearest neighbor pad electrodes, with corrections relying on the common electrode signal and also on the relative difference between the two pixel signals. A summed spectrum was for the Compton events was obtained with a energy resolution of 1.1 % FWHM for the 1.115 MeV line.
An Empirical Study of Perception Risk about Online-travel Booking

Taking online-travel hotel booking as an example in this paper,it researches on perception risk about online-travel booking. After doing factor analysis for the original 22 variables,it draws the six major factors: economic risk,functional risk,time risk,privacy risk,social risk,and service risk. And six major factors are ordered according to the importance of the various factors. Then doing correlation analysis between demographic variables and the experience of online-travel booking with the six above-mentioned main factors,the research was found that between different dimensions of perceived risk and the above variables have a significant impact on the direction. The ultimate aim of this research is to provide the basis for the development of tourism e-commerce.
Human Factors in Cyber Warfare

There has been a dramatic increase in the total number of reported cyber security breaches and attacks in recent years. In response, government, and corporate entities have invested billions of dollars in funding research and development efforts for cyber operations, including computer network defense (CND) and computer network attack (CNA). While cyber operations have become an important national priority over the last decade, the Human Factors community has yet to approach it with critical mass. In its purest form, cyber operations are a complex sociotechnical system that can have effects across all levels of an organization. Due to a consistent interplay between human cognition, technology, and organizational constraints within the environment, the Human Factors community is particularly well-suited to address the problem space. We have assembled a panel of six scientists, technologists, and subject matter experts across multiple specializations in the Human Factors community to help begin this increasingly important discussion. The goal of this panel is to have an open discussion on how we can leverage our specializations and expertise to address the cyber operations landscape as a community.
Hybrid classification algorithms based on boosting and support vector machines

Purpose – To create new hybrid algorithms that combine boosting and support vector machines to outperform other known algorithms in selected contexts of binary classification problems.Design/methodology/approach – Support vector machines (SVM) are known in the literature to be one of the most efficient learning models for tackling classification problems. Boosting algorithms rely on other classification algorithms to produce different weak hypotheses which are later combined into a single strong hypothesis. In this work the authors combine boosting with support vector machines, namely the AdaBoost.M1 and sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithms, to create new hybrid algorithms that outperform standard SVMs in selected contexts. This is achieved by integration with different degrees of coupling, where the four algorithms proposed range from simple black‐box integration to modifications and mergers between AdaBoost.M1 and SMO components.Findings – The results show that the proposed algorithms exhibi.
Role of Teacher Education in the Achievement of MDGs

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which include eight goals have been framed to address the world's major development challenges by 2015. In India, considerable progress has been reported to be made in the field of basic universal education, gender equality in education, economic growth and other human development related aspects. Even though the government has implemented a wide array of programmes, policies, and various schemes to combat these challenges, further intensification of efforts and redesigning of outreach strategies are needed to give momentum to the progress toward achievement of the MDG-2 (Achieve Universal Primary Education) and MDG-3 (Promote Gender Equality). To universalize elementary education, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is one of the major schemes introduced by the government in 2002. Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS) and Alternative and Innovative Education are the components of SSA. Universal enrolment is one of the specific objectives of SSA. The strategy of implementation of Mid-Day Meal Scheme has also played a role in enhancing the enrolment and retention of the students. To focus on girls’ education, several schemes have been incorporated within SSA. National Programmes for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) and Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme (KGBVS) focus on primary education for girls. In order to achieve this, there is need to ensure sufficient number of schools along with adequately trained teachers for quality instruction and effective functioning of primary education programmes. This is more true in the context of RTE- 2009. Achieving universal schooling requires cent percent enrolment and it also means ensuring that all children continue to attend classes till completion of eight years of schooling (6-14 years) in the near future. Education benefits not only at the individual level but also for the development of country as a whole. Further gender inequality in education has a direct impact on economic growth through lower levels of quality of human capital. In the light of these emergent issues in school education there is need to develop a sense of higher levels of commitment and sincerity among the prospective teachers. The teacher education programmes need to be reoriented to look into the issues related to enrolment and retention of children along with ensuring quality inputs in teaching -learning process. Hence an effort has been made to address to these issues in school education for the effective designing of on-going teacher education programmes to enable the prospective teachers as well as those in schools for effective implementation of different interventionistic programmes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijere.v3i2. 5652
Epidermal‐growth‐factor‐receptor expression is associated with rapid tumor proliferation in bladder cancer

Epidermal‐growth‐factor‐receptor (EGF‐r) expression has been proposed as a prognostic marker in bladder cancer and is associated with rapid proliferation in cell lines. Ninety‐three fresh and 74 formal in‐fixed bladder tumors were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry to assess the relationship between EGF‐r expression and proliferation as well at the prevalence of epidermal‐growth‐factor‐receptor (EGF‐r) gene amplification. EGF‐r expression was strongly associated with BUdr labeling index, grade and stage. EGF‐r expression emerged as a stronger predictor of tumor proliferation than grade or stage in analysis of variance. Rapid tumor proliferation might be responsible for bad prognosis reported in EGF‐r positive bladder tumors. Also chromosome 7 copy number was associated with grade and stage. EGF‐r gene amplification was uncommon (5 of 107 tumors). However, FISH analysis allowed characterization of the pattern of amplification, with clustering of signals suggestive of intrachromosomal amplification more common than diffuse distribution consistent with extrachromosomal amplification. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological characteristics of the Holter P-waves associated with pulmonary vein pacing.

AIMS Identification of arrhythmogenic pulmonary veins (PVs) initiating atrial fibrillation is helpful for catheter ablation. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility to recognize the arrhythmogenic PV using Holter ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS In 20 patients, P-wave characteristics were studied during pacing from four PVs. Holter ECG was recorded using two leads: the modified CC5 (Lead 1) and NASA (Lead 2), and the P-wave amplitude and duration were evaluated. In Lead 1, P-waves produced by left PV pacing were significantly lower in amplitude than right PV pacing (-3 +/- 75 vs. 86 +/- 43 microV, P < 0.001). In Lead 2, pacing in superior PVs produced P-waves with higher amplitude than inferior PVs (210 +/- 74 vs. 125 +/- 66 muV, P < 0.001). The criteria proposed by the morphological characteristics of P-waves identified putative arrhythmogenic PVs with an accuracy of 78%. CONCLUSION It might be possible to identify putative arrhythmogenic PVs by modified Holter ECG recording.
Impact of watercourse lining in Egypt on the gills of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Histopathological and biochemical study

The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of lining of the watercourses on histology and function of the gills of the tilapia fish. The investigated sites were divided according to the degree of the pollution into two study areas. The first study area was less polluted than the second one. Both areas were divided into two sites according the existence and the kind of the lining that they have. The study area 1 has site I: El-Bostan canal lined with cement and site II: unlined Nasser canal that has a sandy soil, sites I and II are in El-Beharia governorate. The study area 2 has site III: River Nile lined with rocks, in Giza governorate and site IV: unlined Ismailia Canal with a muddy soil, in Al-Qaluobia governorate. The microscopical examination showed presence of marked histopathological alterations of the gills of fish collected from the lined and the unlined sites. The severity of these changes ranged from mild ‒ as in the samples of the lined sites ‒ to severe in those of the unlined sites. These findings included atrophy and curling in the gill lamellae, interstitial odema, necrosis of the epithelial lining, rupture of the pillar cells and capillaries, telangiectasis and aneurism. The biochemical results revealed an increase of the values of urea and creatinine in the serum of the fish collected from the unlined, highly polluted study area. These biochemical changes may be attributed to the gill dysfunction that is due to the recorded histopathological alterations.
Study on optimum design procedure of charger based on full-bridge phase-shifted ZVZCS converter

An optimum design procedure of an Electric Vehicle charger based on a full-bridge phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching (FB-PS-ZVZCS) dc-dc converter is proposed. The converter uses a small capacitor and two small diodes to form the clamp circuit, which makes the converter simple and easy to control. According to the analysis of the operation principles, several conclusions about the influences of the converterpsilas main parameters to the operating characteristics and the restrictions between parameters are drawn. Based on the conclusions, a parameter optimum design procedure is proposed. The proposed procedure can be used to design the values of the switches snubber capacitor, the clamp capacitor, the transformerpsilas turns ratio and the maximum duty cycle, etc. By using the proposed procedure, a converter prototype is designed. The prototype is simulated in Matlab/Simulink and verified by experiments. The simulation and experiment results validated the parameters as well as the proposed optimum design procedure.
Regulation of signaling directionality revealed by 3D snapshots of a kinase:regulator complex in action

Two-component systems (TCS) are protein machineries that enable cells to respond to input signals. Histidine kinases (HK) are the sensory component, transferring information toward downstream response regulators (RR). HKs transfer phosphoryl groups to their specific RRs, but also dephosphorylate them, overall ensuring proper signaling. The mechanisms by which HKs discriminate between such disparate directions, are yet unknown. We now disclose crystal structures of the HK:RR complex DesK:DesR from Bacillus subtilis, comprising snapshots of the phosphotransfer and the dephosphorylation reactions. The HK dictates the reactional outcome through conformational rearrangements that include the reactive histidine. The phosphotransfer center is asymmetric, poised for dissociative nucleophilic substitution. The structural bases of HK phosphatase/phosphotransferase control are uncovered, and the unexpected discovery of a dissociative reactional center, sheds light on the evolution of TCS phosphotransfer reversibility. Our findings should be applicable to a broad range of signaling systems and instrumental in synthetic TCS rewiring. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.21422. 001
The Solution to a Structured Matrix Approximation Problem Using GrassmanCoordinates

A method for finding the best approximation of a matrix A by a full rank Hankel matrix is given. The initial problem of best approximation of one matrix by another is transformed to a problem involving best approximation of a given vector by a second vector whose elements are constrained so that its inverse image is a Hankel matrix. The map from a matrix to a vector is the invertible map between a subspace represented as the row space of the matrix A and the Grassman vector representing that subspace. The relation between the principle angles associated with a pair of subspaces and the angle between the Grassman vectors associated with the subspaces is established.
Capacity and delay tradeoff in correlated hybrid Ad-Hoc networks

Network throughput and packet delay are both important performance metrics in Ad-Hoc networks. While uncorrelated mobility has been proved to be able to increase the network capacity at the cost of delay, the influence of correlated mobility on network performance has not been well studied. In correlated mobility model, nodes in the same group are constrained to lie in a disc area, whose center moves uniformly according to the i.i. d. model; however, it is still an open issue how to evaluate the performance of capacity and delay tradeoff in hybrid Ad-Hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to examine such issue when relay nodes are under correlated mobility and static nodes are acting as transmitters and receivers. Simulation results shows that our algorithm provides better throughput delay tradeoff than i.i. d. model.
Trade-Off and Pecking Order Theories of Debt

Taxes, bankruptcy costs, transactions costs, adverse selection, and agency conflicts have all been advocated as major explanations for the corporate use of debt financing. These ideas have often been synthesized into the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory of leverage. These theories and the related evidence are reviewed in this survey. A number of important empirical stylized facts are identified. To understand the evidence, it is important to recognize the differences among private firms, small public firms and large public firms. Private firms seem to use retained earnings and bank debt heavily. Small public firms make active use of equity financing. Large public firms primarily use retained earnings and corporate bonds. The available evidence can be interpreted in several ways. Direct transaction costs and indirect bankruptcy costs appear to play important roles in a firm's choice of debt. The relative importance of the other factors remains open to debate. No currently available model appears capable of simultaneously accounting for all of the stylized facts.
Association between initial and pretransplant dialysis modality and graft and patient outcomes in live‐ and deceased‐donor renal transplant recipients

The association between pretransplant dialysis modality and transplant outcomes remains inconsistent. The aim of this study is to address the association between alteration in dialysis modality and post‐transplant outcomes. Using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, primary live‐ and deceased‐donor renal transplant recipients (RTR) between 1997 and 2009 were examined. Pre‐emptive and multiple‐organ transplants were excluded. The association between initial and pretransplant dialysis modality and transplant outcomes were examined. Of the 6701 RTR, 18.6% were initiated‐maintained on peritoneal dialysis pretransplant (PD‐PD), 9.2% were initiated on PD, but maintained on haemodialysis (HD) pretransplant (PD‐HD), 63.3% were HD‐HD and 8.9% were HD‐PD. PD‐HD [odds ratio(OR)1.44, 95% CI 1.21,1.72] and HD‐HD (OR1.25, 95% CI 1.12,1.41) were associated with a significantly greater risk of slow graft function compared with the overall mean of the groups, whereas a change in initial dialysis modality from HD to pretransplant PD was associated with higher risk of overall graft failure [hazard ratio(HR)1.19, 95% CI 1.04,1.36) and recipient death (HR1.34, 95% CI 1.13,1.59). Our registry analysis suggest that dialysis modality pretransplant may affect transplant outcomes and future studies evaluating patient selection, choice of modality and/or potential interventions in the pre and post‐transplant period may have a beneficial effect on post‐transplant outcomes.
Memo to Marketers: Quantitative Evidence for Change

ABSTRACT Developed in response to the new challenges of the social Web, this study investigates how involvement with brand-related user-generated content (UGC) affects consumers' perceptions of brands. The authors develop a model that provides new insights into the links between drivers of UGC creation, involvement, and consumer-based brand equity. Expert opinions were sought on a hypothesized model, which further was tested through data from an online survey of 202 consumers. The results provide guidance for managerial initiatives involving UGC campaigns for brand building. The findings indicate that consumer perceptions of co-creation, community, and self-concept have a positive impact on UGC involvement that, in turn, positively affects consumer-based brand equity. These empirical results have significant implications for avoiding problems and building deeper relationships between consumers and brands in the age of social media.