Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity and PAPR Enhancement in OTFS using Indexing

In this paper, we investigate indexing of delay-Doppler (DD) bins in orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation and propose indexing designs that enhance the diversity order of OTFS. It has been shown in the literature that the asymptotic diversity order of conventional OTFS (without indexing) is just one. In this paper, we show that indexing in the DD domain in OTFS can be used to enhance the asymptotic diversity order to two. Towards this, we consider 2-dimension indexing in OTFS, where indexing is done along both delay as well as Doppler axes. We achieve the enhanced diversity order of two by proposing indexing designs that provably eliminate all the rank one difference matrices. Our simulation results also validate this analytically proven diversity order of two in indexed OTFS. In addition, indexing is shown to offer improved PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) performance of OTFS.
Study of a Deep Learning Approach to Named Entity Recognition for Portuguese

This work aims to advance the state-of-the-art in named entity recognition for the Portuguese language using deep learning. It proposes the addition of part-of-speech tagging to a system composed of a bidirectional LSTM and a CNN neural network architecture. It evaluates the new system under the guidelines of the HAREM contest and compares its results to those of other participants.
Cell Wall Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus Are Involved in Cross Reactivity with Murine Cytokine Assays

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogen often termed as superbug. After S. aureus interacting with host innate immune system, it induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β from Immune cells. In the current study, various strains of S. aureus and their cell wall lysates indicated cross reactivity with murine cytokines ELISA antibodies. In cell wall lysates of S. aureus, various proteins are involved in this cross reactivity phenomenon. This cross reactivity was exhibited in the form of unusual exaggerated signals while performing ELISA for quantification of murine cytokines. The proteins of cell wall lysates among various strains of S. aureus were determined using SDS-PAGE. To all of our data, it is revealed that unknown epitopes of S. aureus are involved in producing exaggerated signals of cytokines during their quantification by ELISA. This was generated not only during interaction of various strains of S. aureus with murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) but also in control settings where cell free system was used in ruling out this cross reactivity phenomenon. Keywords։ S. aureus, MRSA, IL-1β, TNF-α, Macrophages, Cell wall lysate. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited.
An Empirical Study of Real-World WebAssembly Binaries: Security, Languages, Use Cases

WebAssembly has emerged as a low-level language for the web and beyond. Despite its popularity in different domains, little is known about WebAssembly binaries that occur in the wild. This paper presents a comprehensive empirical study of 8,461 unique WebAssembly binaries gathered from a wide range of sources, including source code repositories, package managers, and live websites. We study the security properties, source languages, and use cases of the binaries and how they influence the security of the WebAssembly ecosystem. Our findings update some previously held assumptions about real-world WebAssembly and highlight problems that call for future research. For example, we show that vulnerabilities that propagate from insecure source languages potentially affect a wide range of binaries (e.g., two thirds of the binaries are compiled from memory unsafe languages, such as C and C++) and that 21% of all binaries import potentially dangerous APIs from their host environment. We also show that cryptomining, which once accounted for the majority of all WebAssembly code, has been marginalized (less than 1% of all binaries found on the web) and gives way to a diverse set of use cases. Finally, 29% of all binaries on the web are minified, calling for techniques to decompile and reverse engineer WebAssembly. Overall, our results show that WebAssembly has left its infancy and is growing up into a language that powers a diverse ecosystem, with new challenges and opportunities for security researchers and practitioners. Besides these insights, we also share the dataset underlying our study, which is 58 times larger than the largest previously reported benchmark.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Schiff base of Dapsone and their derivative as Antimicrobial agents

A series of Schiff base and 2-azetidinones of 4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulphone have been synthesized. 4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulphone was condensed with various aromatic or heterocyclic aldehyde in ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst to yield the Schiff base (Ia-e) . These Schiff’s bases on treatment with chloroacetylchloride in the presence of triethylamine gave substituted 2-azetidinone (IIae). The structure of synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their spectral (IR, 1 H NMR and Mass) data. The purity of the compounds was confirmed by TLC. A number of molecular docking experiments were carried out to identify potential inhibitor of AmpC enzyme of E. Coli HKY28. All these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity against several microbes. Compound Ic , Ie , IIb and IIc exhibited potent antibacterial activity with the reference standard ciprofloxacin and fluconazol.
Attractive Nitramines and Related PBXs

At present, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (bicyclo-HMX, BCHMX) and e-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (e-HNIW, CL-20) are a topic of interest from the attractive and the potentially attainable nitramines. They were chosen to be studied in comparison with 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocane (β-HMX). Marginal attention is devoted also to 4,8,10,12-tetranitro-2,6-dioxa-tetraazawurtzitane (Aurora 5). BCHMX, e-HNIW, RDX, and HMX were studied as plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) with elastic properties based on Composition C4 and Semtex 10 matrices. Also they were studied as a highly pressed PBXs based on the Viton A binder. The detonation parameters and sensitivity aspects of these nitramines and their corresponding PBXs were determined. Relative explosive strengths (RS) of these compositions are mentioned with mutual relationships between the measured RS values and some detonation parameters. These relationships indicate a possibility of changes in detonation chemistry of these mixtures filled mainly by HNIW. A sensitivity of RS-CL20 (HNIW with reduced sensitivity) is reported and the new findings in the friction sensitivity are discussed.
Direct fluorination of the polyimide matrimid® 5218: The formation kinetics and physicochemical properties of the fluorinated layers

Fluorinated polymers have a set of unique properties, including improved chemical stability and thermal stability and good barrier and membrane parameters, which are mainly defined by their surface properties. This article presents systematic data on the direct fluorination of the polyimide Matrimid® 5218, a commercially available polymer suitable for the formation of gas-separation hollow fibers. Changing the fluorination conditions (i.e., the fluorinated mixture composition, fluorine partial pressure, and treatment duration) allows the rate of formation of the surface-fluorinated layer over the 0.1–10 μm range to be kept under control. The physicochemical properties of modified layers (i.e., the chemical composition, formation of radicals, refractive index, IR and UV spectra, density, and surface energy) are examined. The thickness of the fluorinated layer (δF) depends on the fluorination duration (t): δF ∼ t0.5. During fluorination, hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine, double bonds are saturated with fluorine, and at least one CN bond in the five-member ring is disrupted. Fluorination results in a significant increase in the polymer density, transparency in the visible and ultraviolet regions of spectra, and a reduction of the refractive index. A high concentration of long-living radicals (up to ∼5 × 1019 radicals/cm3 of the fluorinated layer) is generated under fluorination. This can be used for subsequent grafting (e.g., with acrylonitrile). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 6–17, 2004
Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. VII: Chlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins

As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the most important parts of the Toxicological Profile for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) [ATSDR. Toxicological profile for chlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (CDDs). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 1998] into the scientific literature. Toxicological information includes health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanism of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, and evaluation of animal to human extrapolation of data. Environmental information encompasses chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and a listing of regulations and advisories. Because of the enormous database for CDDs, this particular toxicological profile is unusually long. Therefore, the profile had to be substantially shortened for the purpose of this article. Interested readers are encouraged to consult the original toxicological profile for more information. All original profiles can be requested from ATSDR's Information Center by telephone (1-888-42-ATSDR [1-888-422-8731] or E-mail: (atsdric@cdc.gov).
Opposed Migration Aerosol Classifier (OMAC)

A new differential mobility classifier is described. This instrument classifies aerosol particles in a channel flow between porous (or screen) electrodes. The aerosol enters the channel parallel to the porous electrodes, while a larger, particle-free cross-flow enters through one of the porous electrodes and exits through the opposing porous electrode. A potential difference between the electrodes causes charged particles to migrate upstream, against the cross flow. Particles whose migration velocity, vm exactly balances the cross-flow velocity, v, are transmitted directly along the length of the channel with the minor aerosol flow. Particles whose migration velocities differ from the cross-flow velocity deposit on or pass through the porous electrodes. In the limit of nondiffusive particles, the probability of transmission of particles with migration velocities different from v* m = –v matches the triangular transfer function of the classical differential mobility analyzer (DMA). Monte Carlo simulations of the transmission of diffusive particles reveals that the resolution of this Opposed Migration Aerosol Classifier (OMAC) remains close to the same ideal, nondiffusive limit of the DMA to much lower voltages than those required by the DMA to achieve equivalent resolution. This extended range enables development of a Nano Opposed Migration Aerosol Classifier (nOMAC) with the same dynamic range of mobilities as the DMA but in a much smaller package. The lower voltage operation also enables operation at low pressure without the loss of dynamic range that DMAs suffer and at higher peak resolutions than are possible with DMAs. Furthermore, the classification method can be applied to gravitational, centrifugal, thermophoretic, and other separation fields, or to separations of particles in liquids.
Synthesis of ZnO nanorods by a hot-wall high-temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process

ZnO nanorods with diameter of 30–200 nm were synthesized by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process in a hot-wall type chamber at elevated temperatures above 700 °C. At temperatures between 400 and 500 °C, ZnO thin films and wrinkles were synthesized. Above 500 °C, vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were grown on a Si and sapphire substrate without any catalysts. The range of diameter was 30–200 nm. When Au catalysts were deposited on the substrate prior to the deposition, nanocombs and nanosheets as well as nanorods were synthesized. In particylar, ZnO could be grown selectively along the pattern of the Au catalyst with the aid of a Au–Zn alloy.
‘Milk Jugs’ and Other Myths of the Copper Age of Central Europe’

Ceramics were subjected to organic residue analysis from two collections: a series of middle Copper Age (Bodrogkeresztúr) vessels hitherto known as ‘milk jugs’, curated in the Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest, and a collection of early Baden (Boleráz) vessels from the recently discovered settlement of Gyo”r-Szabadrét-domb, in western Hungary. The aim of the analyses was to establish whether or not these vessels, often associated with milk based on typological criteria, were actually used to process, store or serve dairy products. The results of the analyses revealed that no dairy products could be securely identified in the so-called ‘milk jugs’. Nevertheless dairy products were identified in other vessel types.
Interaction of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase with an Amphoteric Surfactant at Different pH Values

The interactions of surfactants with the enzyme Rhizomucor miehei lipase were studied using surface tension measurements and ellipsometry. From earlier surface tension studies it is known that the cationic surfactant didodecyldimethylammonium bromide forms an aggregate with R. miehei lipase, while anionic and nonionic surfactants do not form such a complex. In this work the influence of surfactant charge on complex formation with the lipase is systematically investigated, using the amphoteric surfactant sodium N-(2-hydroxydodecyl)sarcosinate. The charge of the amphoteric surfactant was varied from anionic via zwitterionic to cationic by adjusting the pH. By this procedure the influence of the surfactant charge on the interaction with the enzyme could be studied while the molecular structure of the surfactant hydrophobe was kept unchanged. It was confirmed that only when the head group is positively charged does the enzyme bind with the surfactant. However, the number of surfactant molecules that bind to e.
Variability in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis by Primary Care Pediatricians

Objective. To compare practice patterns regarding the diagnosis and management of streptococcal pharyngitis across pediatric primary care practices. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. All encounters to 25 pediatric primary care practices sharing an electronic health record. Methods. Streptococcal pharyngitis was defined by an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for acute pharyngitis, positive laboratory test, antibiotic prescription, and absence of an alternative bacterial infection. Logistic regression models standardizing for patient-level characteristics were used to compare diagnosis, testing, and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for children with pharyngitis across practices. Fixed-effects models and likelihood ratio tests were conducted to analyze within-practice variation. Results. Of 399,793 acute encounters in 1 calendar year, there were 52,658 diagnoses of acute pharyngitis, including 12,445 diagnoses of streptococcal pharyngitis. After excluding encounters by patients with chronic conditions and standardizing for age, sex, insurance type, and race, there was significant variability across and within practices in the diagnosis and testing for streptococcal pharyngitis. Excluding patients with antibiotic allergies or prior antibiotic use, off-guideline antibiotic prescribing for confirmed group A streptococcal pharyngitis ranged from 1% to 33% across practices (P < .001). At the clinician level, 13 of 25 sites demonstrated significant within-practice variability in off-guideline antibiotic prescribing (P ≤ .05). Only 18 of the 222 clinicians in the network accounted for half of all off-guideline antibiotic prescribing. Conclusions. Significant variability in the diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis exists across and within pediatric practices, which cannot be explained by relevant clinical or demographic factors. Our data support clinician-targeted interventions to improve adherence to prescribing guidelines for this common condition.
Malted Sorghum as a Functional Ingredient in Composite Bread

ABSTRACT To alleviate the adverse effects (grittiness and high crumb firmness) caused by the inclusion of sorghum flour in composite breads, sorghum grain was malted with the aim of decreasing the gelatinization temperature and increasing the water-holding capacity of sorghum flour. Four different heat treatments were investigated: drying the malt at high temperatures (50–150°C), stewing, steaming, and boiling before drying the malt at 80°C. Malting decreased the pasting temperature of sorghum to values approaching those of wheat flour, but the paste viscosity was very low. Increasing the malt drying temperature inactivated the amylases but gave malts of darker color and bitter taste. Stewing, steaming, and boiling the malt before drying almost completely inactivated the amylases and increased the enzyme-susceptible starch content and the paste viscosity of malt flours. Bread made with boiled malt flour (30%) had an improved crumb structure, crumb softness, water-holding capacity, and resistance to stalin.
Are humans exposed to increasing amounts of unidentified organofluorine

Environmental context Polyfluorinated substances are anthropogenic chemicals that have been widely used in several industrial and commercial applications. Analysis of human plasma samples collected from Munster in Germany revealed, since the year 2000, increasing amounts and proportion of unidentified organofluorines. The increasing trend of unidentified organofluorines in plasma samples suggests that humans are being exposed to new and unidentified fluorinated products. Abstract Samples of human plasma (n=122) from two German cities (collected in 1982–2009, excluding 1994) and whole blood (n=47) from seven Chinese cities (collected in 2004) were analysed for 52 polyfluoroalkyl/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) using LC-MS/MS. Quantifiable PFASs included some newly identified and commercially available chemicals PFPAs, PFPiAs, FTSAs, PAPs and di-SAmPAP, metabolites of fluorotelomer-based products (FTCAs/FTUCAs), PFCAs, PFSAs, FASAs and FOSAAs. The blood samples were also analysed for extractable organofluorine (EOF) using total organofluorine combustion ion chromatography (TOF-CIC). Seven more PFASs (C7 and C10 PFSAs, FOSAA, MeFOSAA, EtFOSAA, C13 PFCA and 8:2 FTSA) were detected in the Chinese samples than had been previously reported. For the German samples, PFHpS, FOSA, MeFOSA, EtFOSA, FTSAs (6:2, 8:2), PFPAs (C6, C8) and PFPiAs (C6/C6, C6/C8, C8/C8) were additional chemicals identified that were not measured in the earlier studies. Those newly identified and commercially available PFASs were either at trace levels (pg mL–1) or not detected. A mass balance of fluorine between quantifiable PFAS and EOF in the Chinese samples indicated quantifiable PFASs accounted for 31–86% of EOF. For the German samples, the quantifiable PFAS accounted for 52–100% and 57–100% of EOF in Munster and Halle samples respectively. After the year 2000, an increasing amount and proportion of unidentified organofluorine were observed in Munster samples. The increasing trend of unidentified organofluorine in plasma samples suggested humans are being exposed to new and unidentified fluorinated products.
Elastic constants. I

In these papers we shall derive expressions for the elastic constants of non-piezoelectric crystals under the most general form of initial stress, including body torques, by calculating the change in the energy density of a crystal when it is subjected to a further uniform strain. This method - the method of homogeneous deformation - gives results that are completely general, whereas the method of long waves, developed by Huang, can give the complete results only in the case where the initial stress is zero.
In vitro Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Glass‐ceramic Scaffolds

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen of major clinical interest for its high prevalence in biomaterial-related infections. This experimental study provides the first evidence in vitro that bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds made from both 45S5 Bioglass ® and from boron containing bioactive glass (45S5.2B) as well as their ionic dissolution products do no exhibit antibacterial effect against several strains of S. aureus.
Chromium in silicon carbide: electron paramagnetic resonance studies

We report electron paramagnetic resonance measurements for various charge states of chromium substituting for silicon in single crystal epitaxial layers of 6H-SiC. The EPR spectra of Cr3+(3d3) with S=3/2 in the A--state on three lattice sites (a hexagonal and two quasi-cubic ones) were observed. The hyperfine structure of the isotope 53Cr and the superhyperfine structure of the ligand 29Si and 13C were measured. For the neutral A0-state of Cr4+(3d2), a spin triplet EPR spectrum was found with the fine structure parameter D=3.35 GHz and g/sub ///=2.0, gperpendicular to =2.01. Additional anisotropic EPR lines were detected and described by the effective spin 1/2 and g-factors 1.77 and 3.7 when the magnetic field was applied parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis, respectively. In p-type epitaxial layers produced by boron diffusion into chromium-doped samples, new EPR spectra were observed with parameters close to the ODMR data for deep boron centres.
Stability and photoresponse of nanocrystalline n-TiO{sub 2} and n-TiO{sub 2}/Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} thin film electrodes during water splitting reactions

The bare n-TiO{sub 2} film electrode was found to be unstable during water splitting reactions under illumination of light. Significant improvement of stability was observed for Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} covered n-TiO{sub 2}, i.e., n-TiO{sub 2}/Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3}, thin film electrodes. The Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3}, layer also enhanced the rate of oxygen evolution instead of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} formation, due to its catalytic effect. The highest photoresponse was found with an n-TiO{sub 2} film prepared at 850 C for 13 min by thermal oxidation. The bandgap energy of both n-TiO{sub 2} and n-TiO{sub 2}/Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} films was found to be 2.85 eV. X-ray diffraction results indicate rutile structure for the n-TiO{sub 2} film. The flatband potential of the n-TiO{sub 2} film was found to be {minus}1.13 V/saturated calomel electrode from the intercept of the Mott-Schottky plot. The highest potential-assisted photoconversion efficiencies, 5.1 and 4.1%, and the corresponding practical photoconversion efficiencies, 2.0 and 1.6%, were obtained for water-splitting by the n-TiO{sub 2} and n-TiO{sub 2}/Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} film electrodes, respectively.