Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Well width dependence of electron transport in molecular‐beam epitaxially grown InAs/AlSb quantum wells

We present the results of a systematic study of the low‐field electron transport as a function of the well width for InAs/AlSb quantum wells grown on nominally [100]‐oriented, GaAs semi‐insulating substrates. Both room‐temperature and low‐temperature mobilities are significantly reduced in narrow wells due to the dominance of interface roughness scattering. The mobility peaks for well widths around 125 A, and then decays again, most probably due to the onset of scattering by misfit dislocations nucleated as the quantum well width exceeds the critical layer thickness imposed by the 1.3% lattice mismatch between InAs and AlSb.
Do Political Factors Affect Financial Performance in Public Sector?

Purpose: The implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia has been regulated based on Laws of the Republic of Indonesia No 23 of the year 2014 concerning the responsibility given by the central government of the regional government to govern its own region. This is defined as regional autonomy. The government has appointed the members of Regional Legislative Councils (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah - DPRD) to perform monitoring function on the regional government. There are several political factors which affect this monitoring function, one of which is due to the members of Regional Legislative Council originating from various parties. There is one component which makes up financial performance, which is the Locally-Generated Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah - PAD). High locally-generated revenue gives us a clear description on a region’s success in improving its regional income and therefore being independent from the central government. In the year 2015, the compositition of the party supporting the regent/mayor was equal. Whereas in the year of 2016, the composition has changed, due to regional elections taking place on some cities or districts in Indonesia.
Effects of ingredients on the characteristics of rice cakes

Steamed leavened rice cakes made from rice flour, sugar, water, yeast or baking powder were used to study the effects of ingredients on cereal-based cakes. Volume expansion linearly correlates to amylopectin and negatively correlates to amylose content (r 2 = 0.84), with an optimum amylose/amylopectin ratio of approximately 1 : 8. Higher amylopectin content resulted in sticky, elastic and unacceptable cake. The optimum water content for volume expansion was in the range of 90 ± 5% by weight of rice flour. Sugar content correlates linearly with volume expansion and tenderness of chemically leavened rice cakes (CLRC) (r 2 = 0.99 and 0.92, respectively). Sugar content above 50% of rice flour weight decreased volume and softness of yeast-leavened rice cakes (YLRC). Tenderness of YLRC correlates linearly to fat content (r 2 = 0.98), but volume expansions correlates negatively to the square root of fat content (r 2 = 0.81 and 0.97 for the two rice cakes). Both tenderness (r 2 > 0.92) and volume expansion (r 2 > 0.93) correlates linearly with emulsifier content up to 3% by weight of rice flour, above which the cake becomes crumbly. A little salt increased hardness, but further increase reduced both volume expansion and hardness of rice cakes. Skimmed milk powder greatly increased the expansion of CLRC. Ovalbumin content correlates linearly to volume expansion of YLRC (r 2 = 0.87) but negatively to the expansion of CLRC (r 2 = 0.96). The proteins that improved the textures of rice cakes were skimmed milk and egg white with an optimum content of 2-4%. Egg yolk, soya protein, whey powder and wheat gluten reduced both tenderness and volume expansion. The effects of the various ingredients interacting together were studied and the optimum formulations was determined using a Random Centroid Optimisation Program.
Breast Cancer Prediction Based on K-Means and SOM Hybrid Algorithm

Breast cancer is one of the most serious diseases that threaten women’s health, affecting about 12.5% of women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer is critical to saving lives. Therefore, If the physical examination indicators related to the human body can be extracted and the breast cancer can be analyzed through machine learning, which will play a key role in predicting and preventing breast cancer. As the high complexity and low precision of SOM neural network algorithm and shortcomings of K-means clustering algorithm needs to determine the number of clustering advanced and randomly select initial clustering centers, a hybrid algorithm combining K-means and SOM neural network is proposed in this study. The results show that the hybrid algorithm can accurately cluster the data sets, and compared with K means model and SOM neural network model, the performance of the hybrid algorithm model is better in clustering accuracy and computing speed.
Predator presence and recent climatic warming raise body temperatures of island lizards.

In ectothermic predator-prey relationships, evasion of predation by prey depends on physiological and behavioural responses relating to the thermal biology of both predator and prey. On Japan's Izu Islands, we investigated a prey lizard's physiological and thermal responses to the presence of a snake predator over geologic time in addition to recent climatic warming. Foraging lizard body temperatures increased by 1.3 °C from 1981 to 2019 overall, yet were 2.9 °C warmer on snake islands relative to snake-free islands. We also detected snake predator-induced selection on hind leg length, which in turn is a major determinant for sprint speed only in lizard populations exposed to predation by snakes. Accordingly, we found that warmer prey body temperatures result in faster sprint speeds by the prey at temperatures suboptimal for the snake predator, and therefore contribute to escaping predation. Given recent climatic change, further warming could irrevocably alter this and other ectothermic predator-prey relationships.
Investigation of Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Different Loads

In this study, the thermal behavior and performance of pouch type Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIB) which are used in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electrical Vehicles (EVs) has been investigated at different discharge rates based on numerical simulations. Numerical simulation was performed through a traditional software package using the dual potential Multi-Scale Multi-Dimensional (MSMD) battery model to analyze the cell discharge behavior and investigate its thermal performance. When the battery load is increased, non-uniform thermal distribution and temperature rise has been observed. Non-uniform thermal distribution causes loss of capacity and performance in the battery. Therefore, an accurate and effective cooling system is required to eliminate non-uniform temperature distribution. This study is a preliminary preparation for cooling system design.
Adult children’s experiences of family occupations following ageing parents’ functional decline

ABSTRACT Background. Adult children often live separately from their ageing parents; however, family occupations between them may still be an important aspect of daily life. Previous research showed that, when ageing parents experience functional decline, their adult children’s everyday life is affected. Purpose. We aimed to provide insight into adult children’s experiences of family occupations when their older parents’ exhibit functional decline. Method. This study used a qualitative research design with a constructivist grounded theory approach. In total, 15 in-depth interviews were carried out in a Norwegian context with adult children, aged 47-64 years, whose parents were exhibiting increased functional decline and had received public reablement services as a result. Findings. Family occupations consist of visible aspects, such as “doing family occupations” together and for each other, and less visible aspects, including experiences of “ambivalence in doing without being asked” and “being in a state of readiness”. Our findings showed how adult children gradually assumed responsibility for the physical aspects of ‘doing’ in the family occupations. However, they expressed that their parents did not always accept or want to let go of the doing, even when they had difficulties performing physically. Family occupations are constantly changing, and they are metaphorically illustrated as an iceberg. Conclusion. Our findings advance understandings of adult children’s perspectives on family occupations. Adult children play an important part in maintaining family occupation by adapting, planning, and taking on an active role and a stand-by position in the family occupations.
Short-term effects of wastewater biodegradability on biological phosphorus removal

A steady-state laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor process for biological phosphorus removal (BPR) was developed, and the influence of wastewater biodegradability on BPR was studied in batch tests. Biodegradability was expressed in this work as the readily biodegradable fraction of wastewater COD (rbCOD) present in the mixed liquor after the anaerobic stage of the anaerobic/oxic cycle of the BPR process. The rbCOD fraction was changed by varying the organic composition of synthetic wastewater (different carbohydrates were used: saccharose, cellobiose, starch, and cellulose) or varying the anaerobic retention time (1.25, 4, 9, and 24 h) when only one kind of low biodegradable synthetic wastewater (starch composed) was used. A clear positive trend was observed between rbCOD and anaerobic P release, but such a clear relationship was not observed with BOD\d5 measurements. Soluble carbohydrates allowed a BPR mechanism, but particulate carbohydrates seemed to cause nonbiological P removal. An increase in anaerobic retention time improved rbCOD concentrations up to 50%, approximately, and P removal, but excessive retention times, >9 h, should be used to reach good BPR results.
Use of Seed Priming to Improve the Physiological Performances in Oat (Avena sativa L.) Seed

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a significant annual crop of the Poaceae family which is probably originated in Asia Minor region, Gibson and Benson (2002). The genus Avena consists of almost 70 species, though only a few of these are utilised for cultivation, specifying the selfpollinated, hexaploid (2n= 6x=42) nature. Avena sativa L. and Avena byzantina K. , known as white oat and red oat, respectively, is the common grown oats for fodder and grain purpose. Recently, A. strigosa has become significant in subtropical and temperate situations as winter cover crop and a forage crop. The crop, oat has many uses viz., a cereal, a feed grain, green or conserved fodder.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metabolites and Potential Impurities of Balsalazide Disodium, an Anti-Inflammatory Drug

Balsalazide disodium (Colazide®) is an oral prodrug of mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. During the process development for balsalazide disodium, we observed eight impurities, namely des-β-alanine balsalazide, balsalazide β-alanine, balsalazide 3-isomer, decarboxy balsalazide, bis-azo salicylic acid, biphenyl-azo salicylic acid, bis-azo diacid, and bis-azo triacid. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of these impurities.
MODEL PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA BERBASIS KOMPETENSI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0

The symptoms caused by the existence of industry 4.0 indirectly encourage or force the organization to prioritize human resource management (Human Resource Management) so that it can last a long time and develop more advanced. This research was conducted to build a design model of competency-based human resource management across generations of the industrial era 4.0 using a soft system method. Generational differences that have been considered problems, are seen differently when the differences in the characteristics of the three generations (baby boomers, X and Y) are used as opportunities and complementary strengths in the challenges of the industrial world 4.0. In the current competency-based human resource management there are some gaps. The competency-based human resource management model across generations of 4.0 provides strategic steps taken in managing human resources.
Low temperature solvothermal synthesis of anatase TiO2 single crystals with wholly {100} and {001} faceted surfaces

A facile hydrothermal approach for synthesizing anatase TiO2 single crystals with wholly {100} and {001} facets under a reaction temperature as low as 100 °C is reported. NaBF4 and NaF are used as the facet control agents instead of HF, which are safer and much easier to use. By adjusting the reaction conditions, the lowest energy {101} facets can be completely eliminated. The anatase TiO2 with 45% {100} and 55% {001} facets exhibits a considerably higher specific surface photoreactivity than P25. The formation mechanism of the high surface energy facets is explored by XPS and DFT calculations. The results confirm that the reactions of the –OH groups on the surface of anatase TiO2 that are replaced by F atoms are exothermic and can lower the surface energy of {100} and {001} facets, indicating that anatase TiO2 with pure high energy facets can be prepared at temperatures as low as 100 °C with the existence of the surface lattice F. It is the first report that the surface lattice F generated in the reaction may stabilize and lead to the disappearance of the lowest surface energy {101} facet under low temperature.
Polyacrylate as Functional Binder for Silicon and Graphite Composite Electrode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Polyacrylates were applied as binder for the electrode of a particulate mixture of silicon, graphite, and Ketjen black for lithium-ion batteries. We found that poly(alkali acrylate) binder remarkably improved the electrochemical lithiation and delithiation performance of the silicon-graphite electrode compared to that of conventional binders. The polyacrylate coating on Si and graphite particles suppressed the electrode deterioration. When the electrode was prepared with 30 wt% poly(sodium acrylate) binder, the higher specific capacity and initial efficiency were obtained with much improved cycleability.
Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity

For neutral and charged species, atomic and molecular, a property called absolute hardness eta is defined. Let E(N) be a ground-state electronic energy as a function of the number of electrons N. As is well-known, the derivative of E(N) with respect to N, keeping nuclear charges Z fixed, is the chemical potential . mu. or the negative of the absolute electronegativity chi: . mu. = (deltaE/deltaN)/sub Z/ = /sup -/chi. The corresponding second derivative is hardness: 2eta = (delta.mu./deltaN)/sub Z/ = (deltachi/deltaN)/sub Z/ = (delta/sup 2/E/deltaN/sup 2/)/sub Z/. Operational definitions of chi and eta are provided by the finite difference formulas (the first due to Mulliken) chi = 1/2(I+A), eta = 1/2(I-A), where I and A are the ionization potential and electron affinity of the species in question. Softness is the opposite of hardness: a low value of eta means high softness. The principle of hard and soft acids and bases is derived theoretically by making use of the hypothesis that extra stability attends bonding of A to B when the ionization potentials of A and B in the molecule (after charge transfer) are the same. For bases B, hardness is identified as the hardness of the species B/sup +/. Tables ofmore » absolute hardness are given for a number of free atoms, Lewis acids, and Lewis bases, and the values are found to agree well with chemical facts. 1 figure, 3 tables. « less
Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of copper(I) and reducing agents with neocuproine in the presence of copper(II)

The existing spectrophotometric method for the determination of total Cu with neocuproine (Nc) does not allow the differentiation of CuI and CuII. It is shown here that the use of a dilute (3.0 × 10–3 mol dm–3) Nc solution in weakly acidic or neutral media makes the determination of CuI feasible at the 1 × 10–5 mol dm–3 level in the presence of up to 0.1 mol dm–3 CuII. For the determination of trace amounts of CuI in the presence of 1 mol dm–3 CuII, the latter can be masked by NH3—NH4Cl buffer at pH 10, giving almost the same molar absorptivity for CuI, i.e., 7.5 × 103 dm3 mol–1 cm–1. The ability to measure the absorption due to CuI in the presence of an excess of CuII was exploited as the basis of an indirect method for the determination of trace amounts of reductants. Superior to the existing individual methods of determination, which are usually specific for a given reducing agent, the proposed system consists of treating the reductant with the CuII–Nc reagent in ammonium acetate buffered media, followed by measurement of the absorbance of the CuI–Nc chelate at 450 nm. The quantification of a given reductant in the concentration range 1 × 10–6–1 × 10–4 mol dm–3 usually takes 3 min with a mean relative standard deviation of 3%. The molar absorptivity of an n-electron reductant which has reacted stoichiometrically is approximately 7.5n× 103 dm3 mol–1 cm–1, i.e., n times that of CuI–Nc. Hence, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, cysteine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, thiosulphate, dithionite, mitoxantrone, glutathione, iron(II) and thiourea were determined with theoretical molar absorptivities; carminic acid, sulphite, tin(II) chloride, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, sodium tetrahydroborate(III) and 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol were determined with the aid of empirical linear absorbance–concentration plots. The proposed spectrophotometric method is rapid and allows the quantification of biologically important reducing agents.
Factor Modeling: The Benefits of Disentangling Cross-Sectionally for Explaining Stock Returns

More than three decades ago, Jacobs and Levy introduced the idea of disentangling stock returns across numerous factors. They identified the relationships between individual stock returns and firm characteristics using a cross-sectional analysis and examined the benefits of using the resulting time series of returns to the disentangled factors for return forecasting. Some years later, an alternative factor model proposed by Fama and French made use of time-series factors based on portfolio sorts (examples of these time-series factors include the return differences between small- and big-capitalization stocks and between high- and low-book-to-price stocks). Recently, Fama and French found that the cross-sectional approach using firm characteristics is better able to explain stock returns than the time-series approach based on portfolio sorts. This article compares models that use cross-sectional factors across firm characteristics with models that use time-series factors based on portfolio sorts and discusses the benefits and challenges of the cross-sectional approach for investment management. TOPICS: Factor-based models, security analysis and valuation, portfolio construction, performance measurement Key Findings ▪ More than three decades ago, the authors pioneered a cross-sectional approach to factor modeling that disentangled the unique contributions of numerous factors to the pricing of individual stocks. ▪ A time-series approach using portfolio sorts has dominated the asset pricing literature, but cross-sectional analysis using firm characteristics has greater explanatory power for stock returns and helps practitioners address one of the most fundamental issues in investment management: understanding and predicting the returns of individual stocks. ▪ The authors revisit disentangling returns using a cross-sectional model, compare factor models using cross-sectional factors with those using time-series factors, and discuss the benefits and challenges of cross-sectional models.
A fast methodology to determine the characteristics of thousands of grains using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction. I. Overlapping diffraction peaks and parameters of the experimental setup

A data-analysis methodology is presented for the characterization of three-dimensional microstructures of polycrystalline materials from data acquired using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD). The method is developed for 3DXRD microscopy using a far-field detector and yields information about the centre-of-mass position, crystallographic orientation, volume and strain state for thousands of grains. This first part deals with pre-processing of the diffraction data for input into the algorithms presented in the second part [Sharma, Huizenga & Offerman (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 705–718] for determination of the grain characteristics. An algorithm is presented for accurate identification of overlapping diffraction peaks from X-ray diffraction images, which has been an issue limiting the accuracy of experiments of this type. The algorithm works in two stages, namely the identification of overlapping peaks using a seeded watershed algorithm, and then the fitting of the peaks with a pseudo-Voigt shape function to yield an accurate centre-of-mass position and integrated intensity for the peaks. Regions consisting of up to six overlapping peaks can be successfully fitted. Two simulations and an experiment are used to verify the results of the algorithms. An example of the processing of diffraction images acquired in a 3DXRD experiment with a sample consisting of more than 1600 grains is shown. Furthermore, a procedure for the determination of the parameters of the experimental setup (global parameters) without the need for a calibration sample is presented and validated using simulations. This is immensely beneficial for simplifying experiments and the subsequent data analysis.
An Accurate Detection System Based on the Convolutional Neural Network

The purpose of this project is trying to detect tumors by computer based on deep learning techniques when a picture of a tumor is shown. In this research, a fast and accurate colon cancer detection is proposed, which means this research can dramatically increase the speed of diagnosis and can also improve the accuracy of confirming a diagnosis. During the experiment, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structure akin to that of VGG Net and ResNet was built. A GPU computer with two 2080 Ti GPUs was used for training. The result of training produced 94% accuracy with a loss lower than 10%. Respectively, this result improved over 10% of accuracy compared to the detection by human eyes. Lastly, this program can be used by any computer to predict the tumor, which allows it transits to a practical tool in the future.
FATTY ACID PROFILE AND MONTHLY VARIATION OF TOTAL FATTY ACID AND LIPID OBTAINED FROM THE OIL OF STRIPED SNAKEHEAD CHANNA STRIATA

Objective: This project was taken up for a period of two years to assess the nutritional capacity of Channa striata, which is consumed as a cheap, nutritious food in most parts of India and East Asian countries by determining its fatty acid profile and monthly variation of lipid and fatty acid in its most edible part. Methods: Total lipid was extracted by conventional methods laid down by Folch and his associates and was then saponified to obtain the total fatty acid. The fatty acid mixture thus obtained was then converted to their methyl esters and was subjected to Gas Chromatograph using a flame ionization detector to detect the individual fatty acids. Results: Our investigation shows that the total lipid and fatty acid in the edible part dip to its minimum in the month of July, as one should expect during the breeding season because the stored lipid, as well as fatty acids, are mobilized to the gonads for their development during the reproductive season which is monsoon. C. striata contain more of MUFAs (64.34%) and PUFAs (16.21%), which are more beneficial to human health than SFAs (12.5%), which are most hazardous to health. Conclusion: C. striata can definitely be marked as a cheap, nutritious food source, with its share of negativity. Our work will surely enlighten future works on this species in the spheres of preservation, organized farming, and maintaining the biodiversity of the place where it thrives.