Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Properties of the Type-3 InsP3 Receptor in 16HBE14o− Bronchial Mucosal Cells*

The type-3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor is the major isoform expressed in 16HBE14o− cells from bronchial mucosa, representing 93% at the mRNA level as determined by ratio reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and about 81% at the protein level as determined with isoform-specific antibodies (Sienaert, I., Huyghe, S., Parys, J. B., Malfait, M., Kunzelmann, K., De Smedt, H., Verleden, G. M., and Missiaen, L., Pflügers Arch. Eur. Y. Physiol., in press). The present 45Ca2+efflux experiments indicate that these InsP3 receptors were 3 times less sensitive to InsP3 and 11 times less sensitive to ATP than those in A7r5 cells, where the type-1 InsP3receptor is the main isoform. ATP did not increase the cooperativity of the InsP3-induced Ca2+ release in 16HBE14o− cells, in contrast to its effect in A7r5 cells. The sulfhydryl reagent thimerosal also did not stimulate InsP3-induced Ca2+ release in 16HBE14o− cells, again in contrast to its effect in A7r5 cells. Adenophostin A was more potent than InsP3 in stimulating the release in both cell types. The biphasic activation of the InsP3 receptor by cytosolic Ca2+ occurred in both cell types. We conclude that Ca2+ release mediated by the type-3 InsP3receptor mainly differs from that mediated by the type-1 InsP3 receptor by its lack of stimulation by sulfhydryl oxidation and its lower ATP and InsP3 sensitivity. The predominant expression of the type-3 InsP3 receptor in the bronchial mucosa may be part of a mechanism coping with oxidative stress in that tissue.
Backdoor pathway for dihydrotestosterone biosynthesis: Implications for normal and abnormal human sex development

We review the current knowledge about the “backdoor” pathway for the biosynthesis of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). While DHT is produced from cholesterol through the conventional “frontdoor” pathway via testosterone, recent studies have provided compelling evidence for the presence of an alternative “backdoor” pathway to DHT without testosterone intermediacy. This backdoor pathway is known to exist in the tammar wallaby pouch young testis and the immature mouse testis, and has been suggested to be present in the human as well. Indeed, molecular analysis has identified pathologic mutations of genes involved in the backdoor pathway in genetic male patients with undermasculinized external genitalia, and urine steroid profile analysis has argued for the relevance of the activated backdoor pathway to abnormal virilization in genetic females with cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency and 21‐hydroxylase deficiency. It is likely that the backdoor pathway is primarily operating in the fetal testis in a physiological condition to produce a sufficient amount of DHT for male sex development, and that the backdoor pathway is driven with a possible interaction between fetal and permanent adrenals in pathologic conditions with increased 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels. These findings provide novel insights into androgen biosynthesis in both physiological and pathological conditions. Developmental Dynamics 242:320–329, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Active DC-link power filter for single phase PWM rectifiers

Single-phase PWM rectifier produces second-order ripple power and voltage pulsation on DC side, which is harmful to both the grid and load. The pulsating power is usually absorbed by a bulky capacitor bank and/or a dedicative LC resonant link, which results in low power density. An alternative way to do this is using some active filter circuit to direct the pulsating power to an energy-storage component. As a result, the main DC link capacitor can be reduced substantially. Based on a comparison of DC-link active power filter (APF) schemes, this paper chooses a simple but effective half-bridge topology, and proposed a control strategy based on dual-loop deadbeat control plus repetitive control. This topology with the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the voltage pulsation on DC bus and improve the power density of the rectifier.
[Prognostic significance of macrosatellite instability in patients uder 50 years of age suffering from colorectal cancer].

INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) can arise through two distinct mutational pathways: microsatellite instability or chromosomal instability. High-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in approximately 15 percent of sporadic cases of CRCs. Many studies have well established that MSI, the hallmark of defective DNA mismatch repair, is associated with prolonged survival of CRC patients compared with tumors that are microsatellite stable. CRCs in patients under 50 years of age are rare and represent about 5% of the total number of tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic significance of MSI in CRC patients younger than 50 at the time of diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS 31 patients with CRC under 50 years of age were tested for the presence of MSI, and compared with 35 patients aged 50 or more at the time of diagnosis. CRC-specific survival five-year-follow-up period was analyzed in relation to MSI status. RESULTS The frequency of MSI among the young patients was 35.48%, which was significantly higher than the rate of 11.43% noted in older patients with CRCs (p<0.042). This study revealed no difference in survival in patients with CRCs aged less than 50 compared with those over 50 years of age. The five-years survival of young CRCs patients with MSI 81.82%, was better than that of the patients with cancers with microsatellite stability, 60%, but there was no significant difference in statistics. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In our study there was no statistically detectable significant difference between tumor microsatellite status and survival in young patients, although we confirmed the previous observations that MSI is associated with better prognosis. We found that the pathological stage of CRC was an independent and powerful predictor of the clinical outcome.
Teledermatology and underserved populations.

BACKGROUND The dermatologic needs of many communities in the United States and worldwide are underserved. Telemedicine enables physicians and non-physician primary care providers to use modern telecommunications devices to gain access to specialist consultations promptly and with much less travel. The independently developed telemedicine programs described herein support 3 traditionally underserved populations: Pacific Islanders, migrant farmworkers, and prison inmates. OBSERVATIONS In 3 independently designed telemedicine programs, dermatology emerged as the specialty most used by remote practitioners. Patients were presented for both diagnosis and treatment and in the setting of initial evaluation and as part of follow-up care. CONCLUSION Teledermatology is a useful way to provide dermatologic support to remote or underserved communities.
The Social Competition Hypothesis of Depression

Depressive personality and depressive illness are examined from an evolutionary adaptationist standpoint. It is postulated that the depressive state evolved in relation to social competition, as an unconscious, involuntary losing strategy, enabling the individual to accept defeat in ritual agonistic encounters and to accommodate to what would otherwise be unacceptably low social rank.
Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome

Objective: To assess neuropathology in individuals with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Methods: A standard neuropathologic evaluation was performed on seven brains from individuals who had been diagnosed with RLS. The substantia nigra was examined in greater detail for iron staining and with immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase and proteins involved in iron management. Five age-matched individuals with no neurologic history served as controls. Results: There were no histopathologic abnormalities unique to the RLS brains. Tyrosine hydroxylase staining in the major dopaminergic regions appeared normal in the RLS brains. Iron staining and H-ferritin staining was markedly decreased in the RLS substantia nigra. Although H-ferritin was minimally detected in the RLS brain, L-ferritin staining was strong. However, the cells staining for L-ferritin in RLS brains were morphologically distinct from those in the control brains. Transferrin receptor staining on neuromelanin-containing cells was decreased in the RLS brains compared to normal, whereas transferrin staining in these cells was increased. Conclusions: RLS may not be rooted in pathologies associated with traditional neurodegenerative processes but may be a functional disorder resulting from impaired iron acquisition by the neuromelanin cells in RLS. The underlying mechanism may be a defect in regulation of the transferrin receptors.
Survivors’ Solidarity and Attachment in the Immediate Aftermath of the Typhoon Haiyan (Philippines)

Introduction: Anti-social behavior and self-preservation are often assumed to be normal responses to threats and disasters; on the contrary, decades of research and empirical studies in social sciences showed that pro-social behaviors are frequently common and that solidarity is the typical response to a variety of threats. The main objective of this study is to investigate and describe survivors’ behavior, especially solidarity, according to the presence of familiar persons and to the perception of physical danger, elaborating the framework of Mawson’s social attachment theory. Methods: In order to investigate these relationships, a behavioral research was carried out involving 288 people affected by the December 8th 2013 Haiyan Typhoon (Yolanda). Results: Results revealed that solidarity was predominant and people reacted collectively and actively taking part in relief activities. Furthermore, we found strong solidarity and help towards strangers and unfamiliar persons. Discussion: Investigating how people react is essential to develop a more efficient and effective response strategy, especially in the immediate aftermath of a disaster when disaster managers have little control of the situation and people rely on themselves; the natural tendency to help others can be essential to reduce losses and to fill the temporal gap between the event and the arrival of the organized relief unit.
Review Series: Examples of Chronic Care Model: The home-based chronic care model: Redesigning home health for high quality care delivery

Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face significant challenges due to frequent distressing dyspnea and deficits related to activities of daily living. Individuals with COPD are often hospitalized frequently for disease exacerbations, negatively impacting quality of life and healthcare expenditure burden. The home-based chronic care model (HBCCM) was designed to address the needs of patients with chronic diseases. This model facilitates the re-design of chronic care delivery within the home health sector by ensuring patient-centered evidence-based care. This HBCCM foundation is Dr. Edward Wagner s chronic care model and has four additional areas of focus: high touch delivery, theory-based self management, specialist oversight and the use of technology. This article will describe this model in detail and outline how model use for patients with COPD can bring value to stakeholders across the health care continuum.
Acute patellofemoral instability in children and adolescents

Abstract Patellofemoral problems are considered to be among the most frequent causes of knee pain in children and adolescents. Correcting bone abnormalities through specific and targeted interventions is mandatory in skeletally immature patients. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is the preferred procedure, but there are several important precautionary considerations that the surgeon must take into account. it must always be remembered that MPFL rupture is the result, not the cause, of an altered extensor mechanism; therefore, patellar stabilization with MPFL reconstruction is only the first step to be accomplished in the management of an MPFL rupture. If other anatomical alterations are encountered, alternative/additional surgical procedures should be considered. If MPFL rupture occurs without associated anatomical or functional knee alterations, an ap propriate rehabilitation program after MPFL reconstruction should be sufficient to achieve a good outcome. In conclusion, an acute patellar dislocation should be managed conservatively unless there is evidence of osteochondral damage or medial retinaculum lesions. Osseous procedures are contraindicated in children, while MPFL anatomical reconstruction with “physeal sparing” is the primary surgical option.
A study on the development methodology of the business model in ubiquitous technology

The recently growing 'ubiquitous technology' environment combines off-line and on-line, while creating new space, differing from the existing environment, which is used in diverse business opportunities. Many nations, including the USA, European nations and Japan, are conducting diverse projects and research related to ubiquitous technology, to seize these opportunities, and in Korea universities and research institutes are leading relevant research. Yet the concept of ubiquitous technology has yet to be fully established, preventing any in-depth research. The fragmented service scenario applying the simple factor technology can bring technical innovation which is limited in sustainability and expansion. In this respect, this study aims to present a new methodology for the development of new business, which can be widely used by companies, based upon characteristics of recently available technical and application systems. Here, we analysed customers' needs in the mobile industry, presented a methodology for the development of relevant business factors, and then verified its validity.
Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States

[Extract] Aproximately 50,000 nonindigenous (non-native) species are estimated to have been introduced to the United States. Some of these are beneficial; for example, species introduced as food crops (e.g., corn, wheat, and rice) and as livestock (e.g., cattle and poultry) now provide more than 98% of the US food system, at a value of approximately $800 billion per year (USBC 1998). Other exotic species have been introduced for landscape restoration, biological pest control, sport, pets, and food processing, also with significant benefits. Some nonindigenous species, however, have caused major economic losses in agriculture, forestry, and several other segments of the US economy, in addition to harming the environment. One study reported that 79 exotic species had caused approximately $97 billion in damages during the period 1906–1991 (OTA 1993).
Predictive Accuracy of Futures Options Implied Volatility: The Case of the Exchange Rate Futures Mexican Peso-U.S. Dollar

There has been substantial research effort aimed to forecast futures price return volatilities of financial assets. A significant part of the literature shows that volatility forecast accuracy is not easy to estimate regardless of the forecasting model applied. This paper examines the volatility accuracy of several volatility forecast models for the case of the Mexican peso-USD exchange rate futures returns. The models applied here are a univariate GARCH, a multivariate ARCH (the BEKK model), two option implied volatility models and a composite forecast model. The composite model includes time-series (historical) and option implied volatility forecasts. Different to other works in the literature, in this paper there is a more rigorous analysis of the option implied volatilities calculations. The results show that the option implied models are superior to the historical models in terms of accuracy and that the composite forecast model was the most accurate one (compared to the alternative models) having the lowest mean-squared- errors. However, the results should be taken with caution given that the coefficient of determination in the regressions was relatively low. According to these findings it is recommended to use a composite forecast model if both types of data are available i.e. the time-series (historical) and the option implied. / Existe una cantidad substancial de investigacion destinada a pronosticar la volatilidad de los rendimientos de precios de futuros de activos financieros. Una parte significativa de la literatura muestra que pronosticar la mencionada volatilidad con certeza no es una tarea facil, independientemente del modelo de pronostico utilizado. En el presente trabajo de investigacion se analiza el poder predictivo de varios modelos de pronosticos de volatilidad diaria para los rendimientos de los futuros del tipo de cambio Peso Mexicano-Dolar Estadounidense. Los modelos que se utilizan son: univariado GARCH; multi-variado GARCH (modelo BEKK); dos modelos de volatilidad implicita de opciones; y, un modelo de pronostico compuesto. Diferente a otros trabajos en la literatura, en el presente documento se realiza un analisis mas riguroso de los calculos de la volatilidad implicita de opciones. Los resultados muestran que los modelos de volatilidad implicita de opciones fueron superiores a los modelos historicos en terminos de certeza al pronosticar; y, que el modelo compuesto fue el mas certero en terminos del error cuadratico medio, al compararlo con el resto de los modelos. Sin embargo, los resultados deben interpretarse con prudencia dado que el coeficiente de determinacion en las regresiones fue relativamente bajo. De acuerdo a los resultados se recomienda utilizar modelos de pronostico compuesto si ambos tipos de datos, series de tiempo (historicas) y de volatilidad implicita de opciones, estan disponibles.
Evidence for a genetic overlap between body dysmorphic concerns and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in an adult female community twin sample

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is thought to be etiologically related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but the available evidence is incomplete. The current study examined the genetic and environmental sources of covariance between body dysmorphic and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in a community sample of adult twins. A total of 2,148 female twins (1,074 pairs) completed valid and reliable measures of body dysmorphic concerns and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. The data were analyzed using bivariate twin modeling methods and the statistical programme Mx. In the best‐fitting model, the covariation between body dysmorphic and obsessive–compulsive traits was largely accounted for by genetic influences common to both phenotypes (64%; 95% CI: 0.50–0.80). This genetic overlap was even higher when specific obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions were considered, with up to 82% of the phenotypic correlation between the obsessing and symmetry/ordering symptom dimensions and dysmorphic concerns being attributable to common genetic factors. Unique environmental factors, although influencing these traits individually, did not substantially contribute to their covariation. The results remained unchanged when excluding individuals reporting an objective medical condition/injury accounting for their concern in physical appearance. The association between body dysmorphic concerns and obsessive–compulsive symptoms is largely explained by shared genetic factors. Environmental risk factors were largely unique to each phenotype. These results support current recommendations to group BDD together with OCD in the same DSM‐5 chapter, although comparison with other phenotypes such as somatoform disorders and social phobia is needed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep disturbance and sleep‐disordered breathing in hemodialysis patients

Sleep disturbance is one of the most common dialysis‐related symptoms reported by hemodialysis patients. Poor sleep confers significant physical and psychological burden on patients with kidney disease and is associated with reduced quality of life and survival. More recent evidence also indicates that sleep‐disordered breathing may be a risk factor for kidney injury.
Resumption of oral anticoagulation after warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage: yes.

The decision on restarting warfarin means to balance between 2 risks: ischemic stroke and rebleeding. Without any secondary prophylaxis, this patient has an annual stroke risk rate of 5.9% according to his CHADS2 score of 3 and anticoagulation is recommended as thromboprophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHADS2 score of ≥2.1 These recommendations, however, cannot be directly applied to patients with bleeding complications. No prospective data are available that particularly looked at patients with atrial fibrillation, a CHADS2 score ≥2 (or need for anticoagulation), and an intracranial bleeding that occurred in association with warfarin treatment. Smaller retrospective studies report low risk of ischemic events during the first 3 weeks before warfarin was restarted. The largest retrospective analysis reported rebleedings both in patients who resumed warfarin …
Donepezil treatment of patients with MCI

Background: Treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with cholinesterase inhibitors may improve symptoms. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, subjects with MCI entered a 3-week placebo run-in period followed by 48 weeks of double-blind donepezil (5 mg/day for 6 weeks, then 10 mg/day for 42 weeks) or placebo treatment. Primary efficacy variables included change from baseline in the modified Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale–sum of boxes (CDR-SB) after 48 weeks of treatment (modified intention-to-treat analysis). Secondary efficacy measures evaluated cognition, behavior, and function. Results: The dual primary efficacy endpoint was not reached. We noted a small, but significant, decrease in modified ADAS-Cog scores in favor of donepezil at study endpoint. Little change from baseline in CDR-SB and secondary variables was observed for either group. Patient Global Assessment scores favored donepezil at all time points except week 12 (p ≤ 0.05). Perceived Deficits Questionnaire scores favored donepezil at week 24 (p = 0.05). Clinical Global Impression of Change–MCI scores favored donepezil only at week 6 (p = 0.04). Adverse events were generally mild or moderate. More donepezil-treated subjects (18.4%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events than placebo-treated subjects (8.3%). Conclusions: Donepezil demonstrated small but significant improvement on the primary measure of cognition but there was no change on the primary measure of global function. Most other measures of global impairment, cognition, and function were not improved, possibly because these measures are insensitive to change in MCI. Responses on subjective measures suggest subjects perceived benefits with donepezil treatment.
Why We Boycott: Consumer Motivations for Boycott Participation

Although boycotts are increasingly relevant for management decision making, there has been little research of an individual consumer's motivation to boycott. Drawing on the helping behavior and boycott literature, the authors take a cost–benefit approach to the decision to boycott and present a conceptualization of motivations for boycott participation. The authors tested their framework during an actual boycott of a multinational firm that was prompted by factory closings. Consumers who viewed the closures as egregious were more likely to boycott the firm, though only a minority did so. Four factors are found to predict boycott participation: the desire to make a difference, the scope for self-enhancement, counterarguments that inhibit boycotting, and the cost to the boycotter of constrained consumption. Furthermore, self-enhancement and constrained consumption are significant moderators of the relationship between the perceived egregiousness of the firm's actions and boycott participation. The authors also explore the role of perceptions of others’ participation and discuss implications for marketers, nongovernmental organizations, policymakers, and researchers.