Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eating-related environmental factors in underweight eating disorders and obesity: are there common vulnerabilities during childhood and early adolescence?

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether there is an association between individual, social and family influences and dysfunctional eating patterns early in life and the likelihood of developing a subsequent underweight eating disorder (ED) or obesity. METHOD The total sample comprised 152 individuals (underweight ED, n = 45; obese patients, n = 65; healthy controls; n = 42) from Barcelona, Spain. The Cross-Cultural Questionnaire (CCQ) was used to assess early eating influences as well as individual and family eating patterns and attitudes towards food. RESULTS Even though a few shared eating influences emerged for both groups, unique factors were also observed. Whereas relationship with friends, teasing about eating habits by family members and the mass media were of specific relevance to the underweight ED group, the patient's own physical appearance, body dissatisfaction, teasing about eating habits by friends, teasing about body shape by family members and dysfunctional eating patterns were unique to obesity. CONCLUSIONS Overlapping environmental risk factors provide evidence for integral prevention and intervention approaches that simultaneously tackle a range of weight-related problems. The unique factors might be important for targeting high-risk individuals.
Nanoparticles Alter Secondary Metabolism in Plants via ROS Burst

The particles within the size range of 1 and 100 nm are known as nanoparticles (NPs). NP-containing wastes released from household, industrial and medical products are emerging as a new threat to the environment. Plants, being fixed to the two major environmental sinks where NPs accumulate — namely water and soil, cannot escape the impact of nanopollution. Recent studies have shown that plant growth, development and physiology are significantly affected by NPs. But, the effect of NPs on plant secondary metabolism is still obscure. The induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following interactions with NPs has been observed consistently across plant species. Taking into account the existing link between ROS and secondary signaling messengers that lead to transcriptional regulation of secondary metabolism, in this perspective we put forward the argument that ROS induced in plants upon their interaction with NPs will likely interfere with plant secondary metabolism. As plant secondary metabolites play vital roles in plant performance, communication, and adaptation, a comprehensive understanding of plant secondary metabolism in response to NPs is an utmost priority.
Resonant transmission of a class of sub-wavelength apertures in thin conducting screen

In this paper, we have examined the resonant transmission of a class of sub- wavelength apertures such as a ridged circular aperture and a narrow rectangular slot in thin infinite conducting screen. The transmitted power for varying the ridge gap and the slot length for these apertures, respectively, has been compared with the transmission cross section of the apertures to check out the relationship between them, and the admittance of the apertures have been computed to validate the resonant behavior of them. It turns out that the transmitted power of an electrically small aperture at a resonance converges to the transmission cross section of 3/4pi square wavelengths independent of its shape and size as long as the aperture size is sufficiently small compared to the wavelength.
Hepatic Imaging for Metastatic Disease

Metastatic disease is the most common malignant liver lesion. The presence of hepatic metastases greatly affects prognosis and therapy, although does not necessarily preclude curative treatment. The accurate detection and characterization of possible hepatic metastases is critical to the workup of patients with known malignancy. Consequently, hepatic imaging for metastatic disease is a common indication for cross-sectional imaging. This article discusses the current status of various hepatic imaging modalities, with particular attention to their role in the diagnostic workup of suspected hepatic metastases.
Deletions of Retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) and Its Repressing Target S Phase Kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) Are Synthetic Lethal in Mouse Embryogenesis*

Tumor suppressor pRb represses Skp2, a substrate-recruiting subunit of the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase. Rb1+/− mice incur “two-hit” pituitary tumorigenesis; Skp2−/−;Rb1+/− mice do not. Rb1−/− embryos die on embryonic day (E) 14.5–15.5. Here, we report that Skp2−/−;Rb1−/− embryos died on E11.5, establishing an organismal level synthetic lethal relationship between Rb1 and Skp2. On E10.5, Rb1−/− placentas showed similarly active proliferation and similarly inactive apoptosis as WT placenta, whereas Rb1−/− embryos showed ectopic proliferation without increased apoptosis in the brain. Combining Skp2−/− did not reduce proliferation or increase apoptosis in the placentas but induced extensive apoptosis in the brain. We conditionally deleted Rb1 in neuronal lineage with Nes-Cre and reproduced the brain apoptosis in E13.5 Nes-Cre;Rb1lox/lox;Skp2−/− embryos, demonstrating their synthetic lethal relationship at a cell autonomous level. Nes-Cre-mediated Rb1 deletion increased expression of proliferative E2F target genes in the brains of Skp2+/+ embryos; the increases rose higher with activation of expression of apoptotic E2F target genes in Skp2−/− embryos. The brain apoptosis was independent of p53 but coincident with proliferation. The highly activated expression of proliferative and apoptotic E2F target genes subsided with gradually reduced roles of Skp2 in preventing p27 protein accumulation in the brain in late gestation, allowing the embryos to reach full term with normally sized brains. These findings establish that Rb1 and Skp2 deletions are synthetic lethal and suggest how this lethal relationship might be circumvented, which could help design better therapies for pRb-deficient cancer.
Paclitaxel-gemcitabine 3 semaines sur 4, dès la seconde ligne dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes de la tête et du cou récidivants : étude rétrospective sur 25 cas

Contexte : Le traitement des carcinomes epidermoides de la tete et du cou (CETC) en rechute locoregionale et/ou metastatique repose essentiellement sur la chimiotherapie. La premiere ligne comporte des sels de platine, et le cetuximab un inhibiteur de l’EGFR. La seconde ligne est moins standardisee. Le methotrexate est la drogue de reference mais le pronostic reste sombre. Dans notre etude, nous evaluons retrospectivement la survie sans progression (SSP) et la survie globale (SG) d’un protocole a base de paclitaxel et de gemcitabine 3 semaines sur 4 chez des patients suivis pour des CETC recidivants et resistants aux sels de platine. Materiel et methodes : 25 patients porteurs de CETC recidivants ont ete traites entre mai 2011 et mai 2015. Ils ont recu au moins 1 injection de paclitaxel 80mg/m2 et de gemcitabine 800mg/m2. Les patients ont majoritairement ete traites en seconde ligne (12 patients) et en troisieme ligne (11 patients). Resultats : La SSP etait de 2,4 mois et la SG de 4,7 mois. Il n’y a eu aucune reponse complete. Parmi les patients ayant recu un cycle complet, 18,2% ont eu une reponse partielle, 31,8% ont presente une stabilite de la maladie et 50% ont progresse. Le schema paclitaxel-gemcitabine 3 semaines sur 4 a ete bien tolere. Discussion : Les taux de SSP et SG de notre etude sont proches de ceux observes dans la litterature avec ceux du methotrexate qui reste la drogue historique de reference a partir de la 2nde ligne. Conclusion : Il serait interessant de realiser une etude randomisee comparant le protocole paclitaxel-gemcitabine hebdomadaire et le methotrexate afin de pouvoir valider cette option therapeutique.
Collaborative filtering recommender system in adversarial environment

Collaborative filtering recommender system is wildly used in e-commerce system. According to the profiles of user or items, a collaborative filtering recommender system recommends items to targeted customers according to the preferences of their similar customers. It provides customer useful relevant information. Unfortunately, the recommender system is vulnerable to profile injection attacks. In the profile inject attack, the similar user profiles are manipulated by injecting a large number of fake profiles into the system. In this paper, four new attributes for the injection attack detection are proposed. We also discuss the profile injection attacks in adversarial learning environment. By applying the Localized Generalization Error Model (L-GEM), a more robustness attack profile detection system is proposed. Experimental results show that L-GEM based detection classifier has better robustness.
A new map for knowledge dissemination channels

The landscape for informaTion sysTems (is) research spreads across a large, diverse, and growing territory with linkages to other fields and traversed by increasing numbers of researchers. There are well over 500 journals for publishing IS-related research Thus, many trails are available to researchers as they contemplate where to place their research to have a good opportunity of yielding strong benefits and being readily visible to those with an interest in its subject matter. Similarly, there are many options available to searchers as they try to become and remain knowledgeable about subject matter that strikes their varied IS interests. These knowledge searchers include IS practitioners, seeking insights and solutions for the practical problems that they face. Others are IS educators or trainers, searching for up-to-date findings to help them structure and deliver content. Still other searchers are IS researchers, seeking to find their bearings as a basis for launching their future research initiatives. Both searchers and researchers can benefit from maps that identify and rate available publishing venues and routes. To the extent it is well-founded, such a map helps practitioners, educators , and researchers zero-in on the most important forums to monitor for IS knowledge emerging from scholarly investigations. As Figure 1 shows, there are two traditional classes of maps: those created from surveys that gauge/ consolidate opinions and those based on points of reference that rate journals on extent to which they are visited/ used/cited. However, the foundations of these traditional classes of maps are not particularly sound. To circumvent the substantial limitations of the opinion survey and journal citation approaches , we adopt a new approach that rates journals based on publishing behaviors of tenured IS researchers from a set of prominent research universities, looking for journals that these researchers collectively tend to emphasize in placing their research contributions. Tenured IS faculty members at prominent research universities per-form/publish research that tends to be important, influential, and of high quality. They tend to succeed in placing the most substantial portions of that work in journals that they recognize as being premier publishing venues for IS research. Every one of these researchers has individually compiled an IS research record that his/her university deems worthy of tenure. Following a brief review and critique of the two traditional approaches to mapping the IS publishing landscape, we develop and illustrate the new approach. survey-based Ratings There are several key parameters to consider …
Variability of the Surgical Anatomy of the Neurovascular Complex of the Cerebellopontine Angle

The variability of the anatomic relationship of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) to the facial (seventh) and vestibulocochlear (eighth) nerves was studied in 52 cerebellopontine angles (CPAs) from 26 adult cadavers. The AICA originated from the basilar artery (98.1%) or from the vertebral artery (1.9%) as a single (92.3% of CPAs) or duplicate (7.7%) artery. Each of the 52 CPAs had one or more arterial trunks that coursed in close proximity to the seventh and eighth cranial nerves and thus were said to be nerve-related. The nerve-related arterial trunks were divided into three segments based on their relationship to the nerves and meatus: The premeatal, meatal, and postmeatal segments. The nerve-related branches of the AICA gave rise to the internal auditory artery in 92.3% of the CPAs, the recurrent perforating artery in 78.8%, and the subarcuate artery in 30.8%. The importance of understanding the surgical anatomy of the neurovascular complex of the CPA when performing a vestibular neurectomy is reviewed.
Interstitial Pneumonia Developed in HTLV-I Carriers: Report of Two Cases

Two carriers of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) with interstitial pneumonia are described. The first case, a 60-year-old man, was admitted with cough and dyspnea on exertion. Light microscopy of a lung specimen obtained by a transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB ) showed thickening of the alveolar walls with infiltration of lymphocytes and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma. Immunohistochemical analysis of the TBLB specimen showed positive staining in the lymphocytes for UCHL-1. This case was suspected as HTLV-I associated bronchiolo-alveolar disorder. The second case, a 74-year-old man, visited our hospital because of a persistent productive cough and dyspnea on exertion. Light microscopy of the TBLB showed a slight thickening of the alveolar walls and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma with minimal infiltration of lymphocytes. Only 2.2% of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid consisted of lymphocytes. The findings of the second case suggest that some factors other than T-lymphocytes may be related with the development of interstitial pneumonia in HTLV-I carriers. Interstitial pneumonia in HTLV-I carriers may be caused by as yet undiscovered mechanisms. A cohort study involving residents of an area where HTLV-I is endemic should be conducted to clarify the mechanism of pulmonary involvement in HTLV-I carriers.
History and future of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease

Abstract Background/objectives: Epidemiological, diet-based, and some interventional outcomes studies suggest that polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (OM3FAs), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), confer cardiovascular protection in some patient populations. This review examines the historical context of OM3FAs in cardiovascular disease and future perspectives on the place of OM3FA products in reducing cardiovascular risk. Methods: Relevant articles were identified via PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar searches through 2015 and through reference lists of selected publications. Articles determined by the authors to be relevant to the topic of this review were included. Results: Review of the identified articles indicated that inconsistent results among interventional outcomes studies have been attributed to use of low doses of OM3FAs, patient cohorts with non-elevated triglyceride (TG) levels, differential use of concomitant statin therapy, and study designs with insufficient statistical power. Several prescription OM3FA products are now approved as an adjunct to diet to reduce TG levels in adults with severe (≥500 mg/dL) hypertriglyceridemia. Most formulations contain both EPA and DHA; one formulation contains purified EPA. In randomized controlled trials, these products significantly reduced TG levels in patients with very high TG levels (≥500 mg/dL [≥13.0 mmol/L]) and in statin-treated patients with high TG levels (200–499 mg/dL [5.2–12.9 mmol/L]). The DHA-containing products raised LDL-C levels in these studies, whereas the EPA-only product had no effect on LDL-C, suggesting that all OM3FA prescription products are not therapeutically equivalent. Besides lowering TG levels, OM3FAs (particularly EPA) exert anti-inflammatory effects and may slow multiple atherogenic processes. Two well designed interventional outcomes studies (REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH) are evaluating prescription-strength, high-dose OM3FAs (4 g/day) in statin-treated patients with persistently high TG levels. Conclusions: The results of the ongoing prescription-strength, high-dose OM3FA interventional trials will help define the potential role of OM3FAs in addressing residual cardiovascular risk despite statin therapy.
On Pareto-Efficiency Between Revenue and Utility in Resource Allocation

In the broadband mobile service market, it is reasonable that the carrier (service provider) should choose a Pareto-efficient resource allocation policy so that both the revenue of the carrier and the utility of users can be maximized. In this paper, we investigate the fundamental problem of the existence of resource allocation policies that are Pareto-efficient between the revenue and the utility. We show that the revenue-maximizing policy is not always equal to the utility-maximizing policy and that the two distinct policies, if any, generate a set of Pareto-efficient resource allocation policies. To make a Pareto-efficient resource allocation schedule, we develop a mathematical framework, where we study the existence of the Pareto-efficient policies, a necessary and sufficient condition for Pareto-efficiency, which can be used for finding the set of all the Pareto-efficient policies, and an efficient and exact solution method to find a Pareto-efficient resource allocation schedule.
Contributions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ to skin health and disease

Abstract Among the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) transcription factors, PPARβ/δ is the isotype with the broadest expression pattern. In fact, the expression of PPARβ/δ is ubiquitous, albeit at levels that are tightly regulated. Herein, we reviewed its multiple functions in skin health and disease. PPARβ/δ has pro-differentiating effects in keratinocytes, regulates sebocyte differentiation, and promotes hair follicle growth in healthy skin. Furthermore, we reviewed novel insights into the roles of PPARβ/δ in skin wound healing, especially in inhibiting apoptosis and in modulating keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Therefore, PPARβ/δ represents a research target for the understanding and treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and acne vulgaris. In addition, PPARβ/δ is a tumor growth modifier. Epidemiological studies have established that tumor progression may be exacerbated by chronic low-grade inflammation, a condition promoting the production of the lipids that act as modulators of PPARβ/δ activity. The action of PPARβ/δ in skin cancer is ambivalent, which might be explained by this receptor’s putative highly context-specific behavior, which depends on a combination of factors ranging from receptor expression levels to co-regulator distribution, diversity and activity of the ligands produced, and other tissue-specific conditions. Given its diverse and crucial roles in many tissues and organs, PPARβ/δ will remain a major focus of future research.
Exponential Sums and Correctly-Rounded Functions

The 2008 revision of the IEEE-754 standard, which governs floating-point arithmetic, recommends that a certain set of elementary functions should be correctly rounded. Successful attempts for solving the Table Maker's Dilemma in binary64 made it possible to design CRlibm, a library which offers correctly rounded evaluation in binary64 of some functions of the usual libm. It evaluates functions using a two step strategy, which relies on a folklore heuristic that is well spread in the community of mathematical functions designers. Under this heuristic, one can compute the distribution of the lengths of runs of zeros/ones after the rounding bit of the value of the function at a given floating-point number. The goal of this paper is to change, whenever possible, this heuristic into a rigorous statement. The underlying mathematical problem amounts to counting integer points in the neighborhood of a curve, which we tackle using so-called exponential sums techniques, a tool from analytic number theory.
News cues: Information scent and cognitive heuristics

Google News and other newsbots have automated the process of news selection, providing Internet users with a virtually limitless array of news and public information dynamically culled from thousands of news organizations all over the world. In order to help users cope with the resultant overload of information, news leads are typically accompanied by three cues: (a) the name of the primary source from which the headline and lead were borrowed, (b) the time elapsed since the story broke, and (c) the number of related articles written about this story by other news organizations tracked by the newsbot. This article investigates the psychological significance of these cues by positing that the information scent transmitted by each cue triggers a distinct heuristic (mental shortcut) that tends to influence online users' perceptions of a given news item, with implications for their assessment of the item's relevance to their information needs and interests. A large 2 × 3 × 6 within-subjects online experiment (N = 523) systematically varied two levels of the source credibility cue, three levels of the upload recency cue and six levels of the number-of-related-articles cue in an effort to investigate their effects upon perceived message credibility, newsworthiness, and likelihood of clicking on the news lead. Results showed evidence for source primacy effect, and some indication of a cue-cumulation effect when source credibility is low. Findings are discussed in the context of machine and bandwagon heuristics.
Can recent insights into cardiac development improve our understanding of congenitally malformed hearts?

Congenital cardiac malformations account for one‐quarter of all human congenital abnormalities. They are caused by environmental and genetic factors. Despite increasing efforts in fundamental research, as yet, the morphogenesis of only a limited number of malformations has been elucidated. Over the last decades, new genetic modifications have made it possible to manipulate the mammalian embryo. Evidence provided using these transgenic techniques has, over the past decade, necessitated re‐evaluation of several developmental processes, important in the understanding of normal as opposed to abnormal cardiac development. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the patterning of the initial heart tube, new insights into formation of the atrial and ventricular chambers, and novel information on the origin of the cells that are added to the heart after formation of the initial tube. All of these advances modify our appreciation of malformations involving the venous and arterial poles. As we demonstrate, this new information sheds light not only on normal cardiac development, but also explains the structure of several previously controversial lesions seen in malformed human hearts. Clin. Anat. 22:4–20, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.