Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEEP reverses nitroglycerin‐induced hypoxemia following coronary artery bypass surgery

Intravenous nitroglycerin is increasingly used during and after cardiac surgery to control blood pressure and improve subendocardial and peripheral circulation. A dramatic decrease in arterial oxygenation has, however, been reported in a number of poorly controlled clinical trials. In the present investigation 16 patients were studied 2–4 h after coronary artery bypass procedures. All were treated with a continuous infusion of nitroglycerin (lμg · kg‐1 min‐1). Utilizing an on‐off‐on drug design, it was clearly established that nitroglycerin depresses arterial oxygenation by increasing the pulmonary venous admixture. Three possible underlying mechanisms are discussed, but at the present time no firm conclusion can be drawn as to the nature of the changes. Eight patients were ventilated with 1 kPa (10 cmH2O) positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during the nitroglycerin infusion. PEEP‐ventilation reversed nitroglycerin‐induced changes in arterial oxygenation and pulmonary shunting without adversely affecting hemodynamic stability.
Coherent vortex extraction in 3D homogeneous turbulence: comparison between orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelet decompositions

A comparison between two different ways of extracting coherent vortices in three-dimensional (3D) homogeneous isotropic turbulence is performed, using either orthogonal or biorthogonal wavelets. The method is based on a wavelet decomposition of the vorticity field and a subsequent thresholding of the wavelet coefficients. The coherent vorticity is reconstructed from a few strong wavelet coefficients, while the incoherent vorticity is reconstructed from the remaining weak coefficients. The choice of the threshold, which has no adjustable parameters, is motivated for the orthogonal case from the denoising theory. Using only 3 % of the coefficients we show that both decompositions, that is orthogonal and biorthogonal, extract the coherent vortices. They contain most of the energy (around 99 % in both cases) and retain 74 % and 68 % of the enstrophy in the orthogonal and biorthogonal cases, respectively. The incoherent background flow for the orthogonal decomposition, which corresponds to 97 % of the wavelet coefficients, is structureless, decorrelated, and has a Gaussian velocity probability distribution function (PDF). In contrast, for the biorthogonal decomposition, the background flow exhibits quasi-two-dimensional (2D) structures and yields an exponential velocity PDF. Moreover, the biorthogonal decomposition loses 3.7% of both enstrophy and helicity, while they are conserved by the orthogonal decomposition.
A Theoretical Study of the Scattering of Ultrasound from Blood

A theoretical treatment of the scattering of ultrasound from blood is given, assuming that the blood behaves essentially as a continuum. The scattering then arises from fluctuations in the mass density and compressibility of the blood, which is caused by a fluctuation in the red cell concentration. An expression for the received signal in ultrasonic blood velocity measurements is given. The stochastic properties of the signal are discussed with reference to the information content about the velocity field of the blood. Since the signal is Gaussian, all available information is contained in the power spectrum, which is a blurred approximation to the velocity distribution in the region of observation.
A Study of Fatal Strangulation Cases in Varanasi (India)

&NA; Strangulation is one of the oldest and widely used methods of committing murder in the Indian subcontinent. It is usually carried out by constricting the neck either with the hands, elbow, or other parts of body or by ligature, stick, and the like. In this paper we report a study of 26 cases of fatal strangulation occurring in the district of Varanasi (India) during 1982‐1983 and analyze their epidemiological, medicolegal, and forensic pathological aspects. The paper also projects the mentality of perpetrators who, after strangling their victims, tried to hide the crime by disposing of the dead bodies by burning, burying, hanging, throwing them into water, or concealing them in distant places in most of the cases.
Design and kinematic analysis of the wire parallel mechanism for a robot pose measurement

This paper presents a wire parallel mechanism designed and manufactured for a robot pose measurement which can be used for a robot calibration. It consists of six parallel links using wires. The position and orientation of a robot are obtained from the wire lengths measured in the wire parallel mechanism. The complex nonlinear equations of the forward kinematics of a parallel mechanism are solved by using the numerical method (Newton-Raphson method), and the unique solution is determined from a geometric configuration of the designed mechanism. Through the experiments, it is verified that the developed mechanism can measure a full pose of a robot and has an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.05 mm, /spl plusmn/0.1/spl deg/ in the position and orientation, respectively. In conclusion, it can be used effectively for measuring of a robot pose with low cost and effort.
Security - Problem Solved?

There are plenty of security problems that have solutions. Yet, our security problems don’t seem to be going away. What’s wrong here? Are consumers being offered snake oil and rejecting it? Are they not adopting solutions they should be adopting? Or, is there something else at work, entirely? We’ll look at a few places where the world could easily be a better place, but isn’t, and build some insight as to why.
The State of Communication Education in Family Medicine Residencies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Communication skills are essential to medical training and have lasting effects on patient satisfaction and adherence rates. However, relatively little is reported in the literature identifying how communication is taught in the context of residency education. Our goal was to determine current practices in communication curricula across family medicine residency programs. METHODS Behavioral scientists and program directors in US family medicine residencies were surveyed via email and professional organization listservs. Questions included whether programs use a standardized communication model, methods used for teaching communication, hours devoted to teaching communication, as well as strengths and areas for improvement in their program. Analysis identified response frequencies and ranges complemented by analysis of narrative comments. RESULTS A total of 204 programs out of 458 family medicine residency training sites responded (45%), with 48 out of 50 US states represented. The majority of respondents were behavioral scientists. Seventy-five percent of programs identified using a standard communication model; Mauksch's patient-centered observation model (34%) was most often used. Training programs generally dedicated more time to experiential teaching methods (video review, work with simulated patients, role plays, small groups, and direct observation of patient encounters) than to lectures (62% of time and 24% of time, respectively). The amount of time dedicated to communication education varied across programs (average of 25 hours per year). Respondent comments suggest that time dedicated to communication education and having a formal curriculum in place are most valued by educators. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a picture of how communication skills teaching is conducted in US family medicine residency programs. These findings can provide a comparative reference and rationale for residency programs seeking to evaluate their current approaches to communication skills teaching and develop new or enhanced curricula.
Iron deficiency does not compromise the diagnosis of high HbA2 β thalassemia trait

Hemoglobinopathies are the only genetic disease in which it is possible to detect carriers using hematologic findings rather than DNA analysis. Complete screening is based on the detection of red cell indices, HbA2, HbF and hemoglobin variant values. The classical phenotype of heterozygous β-
Demographic Structure and Evolutionary History of Drosophila ornatifrons (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Atlantic Forest of Southern Brazil

Drosoph1la ornatifrons of the guarani group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is found mainly in humid areas of the Atlantic Forest biome, especially in the southern region of Brazil. Historical and contemporary fragmentation events influenced species diversity and distribution in this biome, although the role of paleoclimatic and paleogeographic events remain to be verified. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the demographic structure of D. ornatifrons from collection sites that are remnants of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, in order to contribute to the understanding of the processes that affected the patterns of genetic variability in this species. To achieve this goal, we sequenced 51 individuals from nine localities and 64 individuals from six localities for the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome Oxidase I and II, respectively. Our results indicate that D. ornatifrons may have experienced a demographic expansion event from the southernmost locations of its distribution, most likely from those located next to the coast and in fragments of Atlantic Forest inserted in the Pampa biome (South 2 group), towards the interior (South 1 group). This expansion probably started after the last glacial maximum, between 20,000 and 18,000 years ago, and was intensified near the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, around 12,000 years ago, when temperature started to rise. In this work we discuss how the haplotypes found barriers to gene flow and dispersal, influenced by the biogeographic pattern of Atlantic Forest.
Differences in Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns Between General Practitioners in Scandinavia: A Questionnaire Study

There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. In the Scandinavian countries at least 90% of total antibiotic use relates to outpatients and therefore it has become increasingly important to know the antibiotic prescription pattern of general practitioners (GPs) in order to implement and monitor changes in antibiotic prescribing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prescription patterns of GPs in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In order to achieve a reasonable comparison, a questionnaire consisting of 7 case reports concerning upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections was sent to 1,000 GPs in the 3 countries. In general, the guidelines for the treatment of bacterial infections in the individual countries were followed by the responders. In all 3 countries, penicillin V was still the drug most frequently used in upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The greatest difference in prescribing patterns among the countries was seen in the treatment of urinary tract infections, recurrent pharyngeal tonsillitis, acute otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. There were also differences in the dosing regimens, length of treatment and use of diagnostic techniques.
ON FDI FILTERS AND SYSTEM INVERTIBILITY

Abstract In this paper, an approach for fault detection and isolation filter design based on the reconstruction of the fault modes is presented. Input reconstruction and a very closely related concept, the system inversion is addressed to the fault detection and isolation problem. Moreover, the basic concept of that field, the fault detectability, output separability, and the fault detection and isolation, that is, fault diagnosis are also defined in terms of the system inversion. System invertibility can also be characterized as maximal rank condition which allows to prove the existence of FDI filters under minimal possible conditions.
Comment regarding benefit in phase 1 oncology trials

Phase I clinical trials are indispensible in the development of new treatments for cancer and because they may be impractical and potentially misleading if carried out in healthy volunteers, they are necessarily performed in patients with advanced cancer. While occasional phase 1 studies have rapidly demonstrable and incontrovertible efficacy [1], the majority do not show such benefits; nor are they designed to show these benefits. Because the purpose of phase I studies is to assess safety, tolerability, feasibility, and to determine pharmacokinetics and occasionally effects on biomarkers of response, more than two decades of controversy have continued to pit those, who argue that the apparent lack of expected efficacy (benefit) renders such studies unethical against those, who argue that there are potential benefits. In their current manuscript, Miller and Joffee continue their important work to define the issues in terms that could lead to resolution of this controversy. The issue they argue is not whether there is, or is not, benefit for participation in phase I studies. In fact, they ‘suggested that a prospect of direct medical benefit is not ethically required to justify phase 1 oncology trials, at least for adults with the capacity to make their own medical and research decisions. ’ The real issue is that the investigator must ‘communicate accurate and meaningful information about the known prospect of direct medical benefit’ so that the participant understands the uncertainties about potential ‘benefits’ and the uncertainty about the ‘clinical value’ of these benefits. There are several important nuances that the authors are to be congratulated for addressing:
60-GHz monolithic oscillator using InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs HEMT technology

Using 0.11-/spl mu/m InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMT technology, we have developed a 60 GHz buffered free-running monolithic oscillator which has an output power of 9.1 dBm at 59.7 GHz and a phase noise of -60 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz from the carrier frequency. We operated the oscillator's HEMT in a reverse channel configuration and introduced an empirical nonlinear HEMT model for the configuration. <<ETX>>
K-band substrate integrated waveguide variable phase shifter

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) variable phase shifter for K-band applications is presented that can be straightforwardly integrated with other SIW antenna feed circuitry. Biasing of two varactor diodes provides continuous control of the phase shift. The results demonstrate that the proposed structure has a wide phase tuning range, flat insertion loss and low reflection coefficient over a wide frequency band. Experimental results confirm that the phase can be shifted by up to 200 degrees at one frequency and by about 140 degrees for the rest of the band. Insertion losses are measured at 4 dB, and the return loss is better than 10 dB.
Frequency and associated factors of hair loss among patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

AIM To identify the frequency of hair loss among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and associated clinical and disease related factors. METHODS We performed a cross sectional study in a tertiary referral adult IBD clinic. Self-reported history and characteristics of hair loss as well as clinical and demographic information were collected. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Two hundred and ten consecutive IBD patients were recruited; one hundred and fifty patients met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty-three percent of patients reported a history of hair loss. Age, gender, IBD type and disease duration were not associated with hair loss. Hair loss was reported less frequently among patients with use of mesalamine (54% vs 73%, P = 0.03) and anti-tumor necrosis factor medications (anti-TNF) (14% vs 40%, P = 0.001). In multivariate analyses adjusting for gender, IBD type and duration of disease, these associations with mesalamine and anti-TNF remained significant [(adjusted values for mesalamine (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.19-0.86) and anti-TNFs (OR = 0.28, 95%CI: 0.08-0.98)]. CONCLUSION Hair loss is common among patients with IBD. Mesalamine and anti-TNF medications were associated with lower odds of hair loss. Further studies are required to assess the mechanism of hair loss among patients with IBD.
Identification of a Vacuolar Sucrose Transporter in Barley and Arabidopsis Mesophyll Cells by a Tonoplast Proteomic Approach1

The vacuole is the main cellular storage pool, where sucrose (Suc) accumulates to high concentrations. While a limited number of vacuolar membrane proteins, such as V-type H+-ATPases and H+-pyrophosphatases, are well characterized, the majority of vacuolar transporters are still unidentified, among them the transporter(s) responsible for vacuolar Suc uptake and release. In search of novel tonoplast transporters, we used a proteomic approach, analyzing the tonoplast fraction of highly purified mesophyll vacuoles of the crop plant barley (Hordeum vulgare). We identified 101 proteins, including 88 vacuolar and putative vacuolar proteins. The Suc transporter (SUT) HvSUT2 was discovered among the 40 vacuolar proteins, which were previously not reported in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) vacuolar proteomic studies. To confirm the tonoplast localization of this Suc transporter, we constructed and expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins with HvSUT2 and its closest Arabidopsis homolog, AtSUT4. Transient expression of HvSUT2-GFP and AtSUT4-GFP in Arabidopsis leaves and onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells resulted in green fluorescence at the tonoplast, indicating that these Suc transporters are indeed located at the vacuolar membrane. Using a microcapillary, we selected mesophyll protoplasts from a leaf protoplast preparation and demonstrated unequivocally that, in contrast to the companion cell-specific AtSUC2, HvSUT2 and AtSUT4 are expressed in mesophyll protoplasts, suggesting that HvSUT2 and AtSUT4 are involved in transport and vacuolar storage of photosynthetically derived Suc.
The prevention and treatment of ankle injuries

of debate. Some physicians believe that it is useless and might even increase the incidence of injuries to the knee joint. z Likewise, the treatment of the sprained ankle is controversial, ranging from nonoperative to operative methods. We report here trials which attempt to place on a sound basis the use of a supportive wrap for prevention and early mobilization for treatment of ankle injuries.
Ethanolic extract of Passiflora edulis Sims leaves inhibits protein glycation and restores the oxidative burst in diabetic rat macrophages after Candida albicans exposure

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora edulis leaves on blood glucose, protein glycation, NADPH oxidase activity and macrophage phagocytic capacity after Candida albicans exposure in diabetic rats. The Passiflora edulis Sims leaves were dried to 40°C, powdered, extracted by maceration in 70% ethanol, evaporated under reduced pressure and lyophilised. The biochemical tests performed were total phenolic content (TP) as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, trapping potential DPPH assay and total iron-reducing potential. Diabetes was induced by alloxan injection. Protein glycation was determined by AGE and fructosamine serum concentrations. Extract-treated diabetic animals demonstrated lower fructosamine concentrations compared with the diabetic group. Our results suggest that ethanolic Passiflora edulis Sims leaf extraction may have beneficial effects on diabetes and may improve glycaemic control in diabetic rats.
Neutrophil Function in Diabetes

It is well established that certain infections occur almost exclusively in diabetics while others are no more frequent than in the general population. But many diabetic patients have a worse prognosis once infection is established and clearly the function of the neutrophil in diabetic patients is relevant to the outcome. This review examines neutrophil function with particular reference to diabetes mellit us. Leucocytes may be divided into granular and nongranular types. The granular leucocytes are the neutrophils and eosinophils and are often referred to as polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The monocyte/macrophage is mononuclear and both it and the neutrophil polymorph are capable of phagocytosis. This article will refer to the polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocyte as the PMN or neutrophil.
Neurobehavioral phenotype in Prader–Willi syndrome

The focus of this article is on the lifetime development of people with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and specifically on the neurobehavioral phenotype. We consider studies of this aspect of the phenotype (the “behavioral phenotype” of the syndrome) that have confirmed that there are specific behaviors and psychiatric disorders, the propensities to which are increased in those with PWS, and cannot be accounted for by other variables such as IQ or adaptive behavior. Beginning with a description of what is observed in people with PWS, we review the evolving PWS phenotype and consider how some aspects of the phenotype might be best explained, and how this complex phenotype may relate to the equally complex genotype. We then consider in more detail some of the neurobehavioral aspects of the phenotype listed above that raise the greatest management problems for parents and carers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The acute effect of commercially available pulse powders on postprandial glycaemic response in healthy young men

Whole pulses (beans, peas, chickpeas and lentils) elicit low postprandial blood glucose (BG) responses in adults; however, their consumption in North America is low. One potential strategy to increase the dietary intake of pulses is the utilisation of commercial pulse powders in food products; however, it is unclear whether they retain the biological benefits observed with whole pulses. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of commercially prepared pulse powders on BG response before and after a subsequent meal in healthy young men. Overall, three randomised, within-subject experiments were conducted. In each experiment, participants received whole, puréed and powdered pulses (navy beans in Expt 1; lentils in Expt 2; chickpeas in Expt 3) and whole-wheat flour as the control. All treatments were controlled for available carbohydrate content. A fixed-energy pizza meal (50·2 kJ/kg body weight) was provided at 120 min. BG concentration was measured before (0–120 min) and after (140–200 min) the pizza meal. BG concentration peaked at 30 min in all experiments, and pulse forms did not predict their effect on BG response. Compared with the whole-wheat flour control, navy bean treatments lowered peak BG concentrations (Expt 1, P< 0·05), but not the mean BG concentration over 120 min. The mean BG concentration was lower for all lentil (Expt 2, P= 0·008) and chickpea (Expt 3, P= 0·002) treatments over 120 min. Processing pulses to powdered form does not eliminate the benefits of whole pulses on BG response, lending support to the use of pulse powders as value-added food ingredients to moderate postprandial glycaemic response.