Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of rhythmically active cells in guinea‐pig stomach

1 When intracellular recordings were made from the antral region of guinea‐pig stomach, cells with different patterns of electrical activity were detected. 2 One group of cells, slow‐wave cells, generated slow waves which consisted of initial and secondary components. When filled with either Lucifer Yellow or neurobiotin, the cells identified as smooth muscle cells lying in the circular muscle layer. 3 A second group of cells, driving cells, generated large, rapidly rising, potential changes, driving potentials. They had small cell bodies with several processes. With neurobiotin, a network of cells was visualized that resembled c‐kit positive interstitial cells of the myenteric region. 4 A third group of cells generated sequences of potential changes which resembled driving potentials but had smaller amplitudes and slow rates of rise. These cells resembled smooth muscle cells lying in the longitudinal muscle layer. 5 When simultaneous recordings were made from the driving and slow‐wave cells, driving potentials and slow waves occurred synchronously. Current injections indicated that both cell types were part of a common electrical syncytium. 6 The initial component of slow waves persisted in low concentrations of caffeine, but the secondary component was abolished; higher concentrations shortened the duration of the residual initial component. Driving potentials continued in the presence of low concentrations of caffeine; moderate concentrations of caffeine shortened their duration. 7 Hence three different types of cells were distinguished on the basis of their electrical activity, their responses to caffeine and their structure. These were smooth muscle cells, lying in the longitudinal and circular layers, and interstitial cells in the myenteric region. The observations suggest that interstitial cells initiate slow waves.
Malignant presacral teratoma in an adult

A 59-year-old woman entered the hospital because of rectal pain of 2 weeks’ duration. T h e past history was negative except that she had had an appendectomy and a bilateral salpingo-oophorectom y 23 years earlier. Physical examination revealed marked edema and tenderness of the perineum associated with an ill defined mass that extended from the sacrum to the left anal margin. On rectal examination, the tumor seemed to occupy the left ischiorectal fossa and appeared to be attached to the sacrum. Roentgenological studies demonstrated a mass lying posterior to the rectum, to which it did n o t seem attached. Calcific deposits were visualized in the roentgenograms, and the radiographic finding were considered suggestive of a dermoid cyst. T h e growth lay close to the coccyx, but no defects were demonstrated in any of the bony structures. Under local anesthesia the mass was removed in 5 pieces. T h e incision failed to heal, and during the next 2 months there was continued drainage from the defect. A colostomy was then performed followed by en bloc resection of the tumor-bearing area with the cautery. T h e resected structures included the lower part of the sacrum, the coccyx, and the rectal ampulla. Wound healing was again unsatisfactory, and hence no attempt was made to cover the exposed area with a graft. Enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes became noticeable within the next few weeks and several of these nodes were removed from both inguinal regions 3 months after the first operation. T h e primary tumor was classified as a malignant teratoma combining differentiated tissue de-
Pedicle screw loosening in dynamic stabilization: incidence, risk, and outcome in 126 patients.

OBJECT The long-term outcome of lumbar dynamic stabilization is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with screw loosening in a dynamic stabilization system. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of medical records, radiological studies, and clinical evaluations obtained in consecutive patients who underwent 1- or 2-level lumbar dynamic stabilization and were followed up for more than 24 months. Loosening of screws was determined on radiography and CT scanning. Radiographic and standardized clinical outcomes, including the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, were analyzed with a focus on cases in which screw loosening occurred. RESULTS The authors analyzed 658 screws in 126 patients, including 54 women (42.9%) and 72 men (57.1%) (mean age 60.4 ± 11.8 years). During the mean clinical follow-up period of 37.0 ± 7.1 months, 31 screws (4.7%) in 25 patients (19.8%) were shown to have loosened. The mean age of patients with screw loosening was significantly higher than those without loosening (64.8 ± 8.8 vs 59.3 ± 12.2, respectively; p = 0.036). Patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher rate of screw loosening compared with those without diabetes (36.0% vs 15.8%, respectively; p = 0.024). Diabetic patients with well-controlled serum glucose (HbA1c ≤ 8.0%) had a significantly lower chance of screw loosening than those without well-controlled serum glucose (28.6% vs 71.4%, respectively; p = 0.021). Of the 25 patients with screw loosening, 22 cases (88%) were identified within 6.6 months of surgery; 18 patients (72%) had the loosened screws in the inferior portion of the spinal construct, whereas 7 (28%) had screw loosening in the superior portion of the construct. The overall clinical outcomes at 3, 12, and 24 months, measured by VAS for back pain, VAS for leg pain, and ODI scores, were significantly improved after surgery compared with before surgery (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the patients with and without screw loosening at all evaluation time points (all p > 0.05). All 25 patients with screw loosening were asymptomatic, and in 6 (24%) osseous integration was demonstrated on later follow-up. Also, there were 3 broken screws (2.38% in 126 patients or 0.46% in 658 screws). To date, none of these loosened or broken screws have required revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS Screw loosening in dynamic stabilization systems is not uncommon (4.7% screws in 19.8% patients). Patients of older age or those with diabetes have higher rates of screw loosening. Screw loosening can be asymptomatic and presents opportunity for osseous integration on later follow-up. Although adverse effects on clinical outcomes are rare, longer-term follow-up is required in cases in which screws become loose.
Receipt of Pediatric Weight-Related Counseling and Screening in a National Sample After the Expert Committee Recommendations

Objective. It is uncertain whether children of all weight classifications receive the recommended screening and counseling and if these affect weight status in the subsequent year. Methods. Data from the 2008-2011 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey were used to examine associations between weight classification and receipt of weight-related screening and counseling from the pediatric provider (n = 9835). Body mass index (BMI) z-score in the subsequent year was modeled as a function of the BMI z-score in year 1. Results. Normal and overweight children have lower odds than obese children of receiving counseling regarding diet (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50-0.68; AOR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.63-0.89, respectively) and exercise (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.48-0.65; AOR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.64-0.89, respectively). Counseling was associated with a small increase in BMI z-score in the subsequent year (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.11), as was maternal weight class. Conclusions. Recommendations to focus prevention on the family unit may reduce childhood overweight and obesity.
Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women

The means by which vaginal microbiomes help prevent urogenital diseases in women and maintain health are poorly understood. To gain insight into this, the vaginal bacterial communities of 396 asymptomatic North American women who represented four ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian) were sampled and the species composition characterized by pyrosequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA genes. The communities clustered into five groups: four were dominated by Lactobacillus iners, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, or L. jensenii, whereas the fifth had lower proportions of lactic acid bacteria and higher proportions of strictly anaerobic organisms, indicating that a potential key ecological function, the production of lactic acid, seems to be conserved in all communities. The proportions of each community group varied among the four ethnic groups, and these differences were statistically significant [χ2(10) = 36.8, P < 0.0001]. Moreover, the vaginal pH of women in different ethnic groups also differed and was higher in Hispanic (pH 5.0 ± 0.59) and black (pH 4.7 ± 1.04) women as compared with Asian (pH 4.4 ± 0.59) and white (pH 4.2 ± 0.3) women. Phylotypes with correlated relative abundances were found in all communities, and these patterns were associated with either high or low Nugent scores, which are used as a factor for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The inherent differences within and between women in different ethnic groups strongly argues for a more refined definition of the kinds of bacterial communities normally found in healthy women and the need to appreciate differences between individuals so they can be taken into account in risk assessment and disease diagnosis.
Cell-Associated Ovalbumin Is Cross-Presented Much More Efficiently than Soluble Ovalbumin In Vivo1

To better understand the antigenic requirements for cross-presentation, we compared the in vivo efficiency of presentation of cell-associated vs soluble OVA with the OT-I (CD8) and OT-II (CD4) TCR transgenic lines. Cross-presentation of cell-associated OVA was very efficient, requiring as little as 21 ng of OVA to activate OT-II cells and 100-fold less to activate OT-I cells. In contrast, soluble OVA was presented inefficiently, requiring at least 10,000 ng OVA for activation of either T cell subset. Thus, cell-associated OVA was presented 500-fold more efficiently than soluble OVA to CD4 T cells and 50,000-fold more efficiently to CD8 T cells. These data, which represent the first quantitative in vivo analysis of cross-presentation, show that cell-associated OVA is very efficiently presented via the class I pathway.
Prolidase and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C infection represents a common healthcare issue worldwide. The present trial was designed to investigate the role of prolidase, an enzyme that is significantly involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, and of the oxidative stress that is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, in the chronic hepatitis C infection. The trial was performed to assess the serum prolidase enzyme level and the oxidative–antioxidative status and to determine the relation between the serum prolidase activity and the oxidative stress parameters.
CFIXX : Object Type Integrity for C + + Virtual Dispatch

C++ relies on object type information for dynamic dispatch and casting. The association of type information to an object is implemented via the virtual table pointer, which is stored in the object itself. C++ has neither memory nor type safety, adversaries may therefore overwrite an object’s type. If the corrupted type is used for dynamic dispatch, the attacker has hijacked the application’s control flow. This vulnerability is widespread and commonly exploited. Firefox, Chrome, and other major C++ applications are network facing, commonly attacked, and make significant use of dynamic dispatch. ControlFlow Integrity (CFI) is the state of the art policy for efficient mitigation of control flow hijacking attacks. CFI mechanisms determine statically (i.e., at compile time) the set of functions that are valid at a given call site, based on C++ semantics. We propose an orthogonal policy, Object Type Integrity (OTI), that dynamically tracks object types. Consequently, instead of allowing a set of targets for each dynamic dispatch on an object, only the single, correct target for the object’s type is allowed. To show the efficacy of OTI, we present CFIXX, which enforces OTI. CFIXX enforces OTI by dynamically tracking the type of each object and enforcing its integrity against arbitrary writes. CFIXX has minimal overhead on CPU bound applications such as SPEC CPU20064.98%. On key applications like Chromium, CFIXX has negligible overhead on JavaScript benchmarks: 2.03% on Octane, 1.99% on Kraken, and 2.80% on JetStream. We show that CFIXX can be deployed in conjunction with CFI, providing a significant security improvement.
AREGU May 47/5

Liang, Mingyu, and Franklyn G. Knox. Production and functional roles of nitric oxide in the proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 278: R1117–R1124, 2000. —A significant role for nitric oxide (NO) in proximal tubule physiology and pathophysiology has been revealed by a series of in vivo and in vitro studies. Whether the proximal tubule produces NO under basal conditions is still controversial; however, evidence suggests that the proximal tubule is constantly exposed to NO that might include NO from nonproximal tubule sources. When challenged with a variety of stimuli, including hypoxia, the proximal tubule is able to produce large quantities of NO. In vivo studies generally indicate that NO inhibits fluid and sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule. However, the final effect of NO on proximal tubular reabsorption appears to depend on the concentration of NO and involve interaction with other regulatory mechanisms. NO regulates Na1-K1ATPase, Na1/H1 exchangers, and paracellular permeability of proximal tubular cells, which may contribute to its effect on proximal tubular transport. Enhanced production of NO, perhaps depending on macrophage type inducible NO synthase, participates in hypoxic/ischemic proximal tubular injury. In conclusion, NO plays a fundamental role in both physiology and pathophysiology of the proximal tubule.
N-Cadherin regulates radial glial fiber-dependent migration of cortical locomoting neurons

During cerebral cortical development, post-mitotic neurons exhibit a multi-step migration. The locomotion mode covers most of the neuronal migration path. Although for many decades, locomoting neurons have been known to migrate along radial glial fibers, how the cortical locomoting neurons attach to and migrate along radial glial fibers was largely unknown. We recently reported that N-cadherin is required for cortical neuronal migration in vivo. Knockdown or dominant negative inhibition of N-cadherin results in severe neuronal migration defects. Furthermore, suppression of Rab5-dependent endocytosis increases cell surface levels of N-cadherin and perturbs neuronal migration. We showed here that N-cadherin overexpression, which would mimic Rab5 suppression, weakly suppressed neuronal migration, suggesting that excess N-cadherin also disturbs neuronal migration. Interestingly, however, N-cadherin-knockdown and overexpression in neurons resulted in different morphologies. While N-cadherin-overexpressing cells closely attached to the radial glial fibers similar to control or Rab5-knockdown cells, N-cadherin knockdown weakened the attachment as the average distance between the soma and radial glial fibers was significantly increased. Taken together, these findings suggest that N-cadherin controls the neuronal attachment to radial glial fibers and that N-cadherin-mediated adhesion complexes are reconstituted through Rab GTPases-dependent endocytic pathways to maintain the proper surface N-cadherin level and to promote neuronal migration.
Uma heurística de decisão baseada na subtração de cubos para solucionadores DPLL do problema de satisfabilidade

Este trabalho propoe uma nova heuristica de decisao para solucionadores do problema da satisfabilidade (SAT) baseados no algoritmo de Davis Putnam, Logemann e Loveland (DPLL). Essa heuristica se baseia na subtracao de cubos. Cada clausula negada e visualizada como um cubo no espaco de procura booleano n-dimensional, denotando um subespaco onde nenhuma atribuicao de valores as variaveis, que satisfaca a instância do problema, possa ser encontrada. A subtracao dos cubos, sistematicamente subtrai todas as clausulas-cubo do cubo universal, que representa todo o espaco booleano de procura. Se o resultado for um cubo vazio o problema nao admite uma solucao que o torne satisfazivel, caso contrario, o problema e satisfazivel. Esse algoritmo pode ser implementado modificando-se o mecanismo de decisao de solucionadores do problema da satisfabilidade baseados no algoritmo DPLL. Essas modificacoes restringem a escolha da proxima variavel de decisao apos um retrocesso cronologico. A intuicao do algoritmo e confinar a procura a uma clausula ou a um grupo de clausulas, com o objetivo de escapar o mais rapidamente possivel de regioes onde a solucao nao possa ser encontrada, ou uma resposta sim ou nao possa ser dada para a instância, ou permitir o aprendizado de clausulas mais uteis a solucao do problema. Inicialmente foram utilizadas duas versoes basicas de um solucionador DPLL, sem quaisquer das melhorias atualmente encontradas na literatura e posteriormente em um solucionador no estado-da-arte, o zChaff. Para o teste foram utilizados 1252 instâncias de problemas do DIMACS, IBM CNF BMC e resultados de verificacao formal de microprocessadores. Observa-se uma melhoria significativa no tempo de execucao e uma reducao do numero de instâncias nao resolvidas dentro de um tempo limite, em todos os casos. Considerando a avaliacao experimental, podemos concluir que a subtracao de cubos e um algoritmo efetivo para a melhoria do desempenho de solucionadores do problema da satisfabilidade baseados no algoritmo DPLL.
Drowning prevention: a key concern for researchers and major health bodies

Drowning remains one of the greatest threats to mankind to date. The vast majority of drowning, approximately 90%, occur in freshwater such as rivers, lakes and domestic swimming pools, while 10% occur in seawater such as oceans. While drowning in other fluids is rare, people have been known to drown in waters as little as 30 mm in depth usually lying face down and children have been found drowned in bathtubs, buckets and toilets. Unintentional drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide. Globally, about 372,000 people die from drowning each year and more than 40 people die from drowning every hour of the day. Drowning is one of the top 10 leading causes of death for children in every region of the world. In the USA, drowning is the leading cause of injury deaths for young children ages 1–14 years, and three children die every day as a result of drowning (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). In fact, drowning kills more children ages 1–4 years than anything else except birth defects. However, drowning is predictable and largely preventable. In earlier issues of the Journal, two editorials discussed the importance of drowning, along with several important safety measures (Forjuoh, 2011, 2013). In the current issue, five original articles focus on various aspects of drowning using research from Australia, France, New Zealand and Uganda. The articles span from the epidemiology of drowning to safety education around bodies of water. In the first article, Matthews, Andrew, Andronaco, Cox, and Smith (2016) conducted a retrospective review of data from fatal and nonfatal drowning cases attended by Ambulance Victoria paramedics in the pre-hospital environment over a six-year period from 2007 to 2012. The findings revealed the lethality of drowning, with a case-fatality rate of 33.4%. In addition, children ages 0–4 years were observed to experience the highest fatality rate, corroborating earlier findings and the need to focus drowning preventive measures on children. The preponderance of drowning among children is grounded in their basic anatomy, physiology and developmental differences, for example, their lack of sense of fear. Given the preponderance of drowning among children, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017) has appropriately formulated some key prevention tips for child drowning prevention:
Comparison between regenerative-feedback and cofeedback gain-clamped EDFA

The erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with regenerative feedback is compared with the cofeedback scheme. Without the bandpass filter, the injected signal experiences regenerative amplification and results in a higher signal gain. Such an above-threshold regenerative amplifier also exhibits a lower noise figure due to a higher inversion for the transition corresponding to the signal wavelength of 1550 nm. A near quantum-limited noise figure of 3.1 dB is achieved at the maximum pump power of 134.5 mW, showing nearly complete inversion at the EDF input end in the regenerative-feedback scheme. A low (<10/sup -10/) bit-error rate has been achieved with saturation input signal power above -12 dBm.
Suspended-line fed wideband notch antenna for wireless communications

This paper presents a compact wideband notch antenna fed by a thin suspended-line transition instead of a basic microstrip-to-slot transition. The antenna covers the frequency band of 1.58-2.78GHz with a minimum of 50%-total efficiency and 0dBi-gain. Wireless standards as DCS-1800, IMT-2000, WiFi b/g/n and LTE (7 and 38 bands) are all covered efficiently.
Update on Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease resulting in reversible dysfunction of the hair growth cycle. There is no obvious destruction of hair follicles in AA, and the potential for full hair regrowth always remains. AA affects about 2% of the population in the United States. All ages are affected although it occurs more frequently in children and young adults. Males and females are equally affected and it occurs in all races, worldwide. It can affect any hair bearing area in the body and can cause stippling and dystrophy of nails. Patients with AA have a higher incidence of atopy, thyroid disease, and vitiligo. They are otherwise generally healthy. Family members have a higher incidence of atopy, thyroid disease, vitiligo, insulindependent diabetes, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. If a first degree relative has AA, the chance of developing the condition is approximately 20%. Laboratory tests are not usually needed in patients with AA with the exception of a thyrotrophin level in young children or in patients with a strong family history of thyroid disease.