Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ET-09-011 ABUNDÂNCIA DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS E EXÓTICAS DE DROSOFILÍDEOS EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA E EM FLORESTAS PLANTADAS

As diversas atividades antropogenicas estao entre as principais responsaveis pela geracao de territorios com componentes abioticos e bioticos muito distintos dos ambientes naturais. Estas alteracoes podem interferir na abundância das especies nativas presentes no ambiente natural, ocasionando a extincao local de alguma destas especies. As areas de protecao ambiental estao entre uma das ferramentas que auxiliam na prevencao da biodiversidade, mas nem sempre a cobertura vegetal destes territorios e suficiente para a preservacao das especies. Dentro deste contexto, as areas de plantacao para a extracao madeireira podem representar uma alternativa para a conservacao da biodiversidade, podendo preservar mais especies. Entre os biomas brasileiros, a Floresta Atlântica e o mais destruido pelas acoes antropicas, sendo, por isso, considerada uma das prioridades mundiais para a conservacao da biodiversidade. Neste estudocomparamos a abundância de drosofilideos exoticos e nativosda regiao Neotropical nas estacoes chuvosa e seca eem tres areas dentro do dominio da Floresta Atlântica no estado de Pernambuco: uma plantacao de eucaliptos, uma plantacao de bambus e um de fragmento de Floresta Atlântica, amboslocalizados no municipio de Moreno, Pernambuco. Em cada area foram realizadas seis amostragens de drosofilideos, tres no periodo de maior pluviosidade e tres no periodo de maior estiagem. Foram coletados 28.666 individuos da familia Drosophilidae nos ambientes investigados, deste total 49,39% foram observados na area de Floresta nativa, 28,75% na plantacao de eucaliptos e 21,90% na plantacao de bambus. As especies nativas foram significativamente mais abundantes em relacao as exoticas na Floresta nativa e na plantacao de bambus, na plantacao de eucaliptos ocorreu o inverso, o que demostra que as plantacoes artificiais sao heterogeneas em relacao a abundância destes insetos. Durante a estacao chuvosa as especies nativas foram significativamente mais abundantes em relacao as exoticas e um padrao inverso foi observado na estacao seca. Os padroes de abundância aqui observados sao discutidos de forma comparativa com outros estudos realizados com drosofilideos. Nota-se que estes organismos sao excelentes modelos para se estudar flutuacoes de abundância em relacao a diferentes ambientes, bem comovariacoes sazonais.
Fertility preservation and reproductive health in the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult female cancer patient

Purpose of review As treatments for malignancies become increasingly successful, emphasis on quality of life in survivorship becomes important. Of equal importance is the role of gonadotoxic agents in the management of chronic medical conditions, such as nonmalignant blood disorders and rheumatologic and genetic conditions. Gonadotoxic agents have long-term effects to include ovarian insufficiency, pubertal arrest and subsequent infertility. Recent findings In 2004, ovarian tissue cryopreservation emerged as an investigational but viable option for prepubertal patients and those unable to undergo ovarian stimulation. In 2012, oocyte preservation became standard therapy for patients without a partner or who elected not to use donor sperm or freeze embryos. Ovarian reserve testing with antimullerian hormone to assess fertility after gonadotoxic therapy is a rapidly growing area of interest with potentially significant benefits in personalizing the approach to fertility preservation. Summary A systematic approach to fertility preservation prior to treatment in all patients receiving gonadotoxic agents optimizes care. Fertility preservation strategies can restore hormonal function and preserve reproductive potential. Future research in personalizing approach to care is critical to meeting the needs of this patient population.
How to Add a New Language on the NLP Map: Building Resources and Tools for Languages with Scarce Resources

Those of us whose mother tongue is not English or are curious about applications involving other languages, often find ourselves in the situation where the tools we require are not available. According to recent studies there are about 7200 different languages spoken worldwide – without including variations or dialects – out of which very few have automatic language processing tools and machine readable resources. In this tutorial we will show how we can take advantage of lessons learned from frequently studied and used languages in NLP, and of the wealth of information and collaborative efforts mediated by the World Wide Web. We structure the presentation around two major themes: mono-lingual and crosslingual approaches. Within the mono-lingual area, we show how to quickly assemble a corpus for statistical processing, how to obtain a semantic network using on-line resources – in particular Wikipedia – and how to obtain automatically annotated corpora for a variety of applications. The cross-lingual half of the tutorial shows how to build upon NLP methods and resources for other languages, and adapt them for a new language. We will review automatic construction of parallel corpora, projecting annotations from one side of the parallel corpus to the other, building language models, and finally we will look at how all these can come together in higherend applications such as machine translation and cross-language information retrieval. Biographies Rada Mihalcea is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at the University of North Texas. Her research interests are in lexical semantics, multilingual natural language processing, minimally supervised natural language learning, and graph-based algorithms for natural language processing. She serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Computational Linguistics, the Journal of Language Resources and Evaluations, the Journal of Natural Language Engineering, the Journal of Research in Language in Computation, and the recently established Journal of Interesting Negative Results in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning. Vivi Nastase is a post-doctoral fellow at EML Research gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. Her research interests are in lexical semantics, semantic relations, knowledge extraction, multi-document summarization, graph-based algorithms for natural language processing, multilingual natural language processing. She is a co-founder of the Journal of Interesting Negative Results in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning.
Mutational Analysis of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Bimodular Class A Penicillin-Binding Proteins

ABSTRACT One group of penicillin target enzymes, the class A high-molecular-weight penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), are bimodular enzymes. In addition to a central penicillin-binding–transpeptidase domain, they contain an N-terminal putative glycosyltransferase domain. Mutations in the genes for each of the three Streptococcus pneumoniae class A PBPs, PBP1a, PBP1b, and PBP2a, were isolated by insertion duplication mutagenesis within the glycosyltransferase domain, documenting that their function is not essential for cellular growth in the laboratory. PBP1b PBP2a and PBP1a PBP1b double mutants could also be isolated, and both showed defects in positioning of the septum. Attempts to obtain a PBP2a PBP1a double mutant failed. All mutants with a disrupted pbp2a gene showed higher sensitivity to moenomycin, an antibiotic known to inhibit PBP-associated glycosyltransferase activity, indicating that PBP2a is the primary target for glycosyltransferase inhibitors in S. pneumoniae.
Geometrie von distalem Femur und proximaler Tibia und simulierte Implantation von Kniegelenksendoprothesensystemen

Bei normal geformten Kniegelenken ist die regelrechte Implantation einer Kniegelenksendoprothese meist ohne Schwierigkeiten moglich. Bei veranderter Knochengeometrie kann es jedoch zu einer unerwunschten Zwangsfuhrung von Operationsinstrumentarium und besonders langstieliger Prothesen im deformierten Knochen kommen, so das es zu einer ungunstigen Positionierung der Prothese und zu postoperativen Beinachsenfehlern kommen kann. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Kniegeometrie bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern, bei denen die Implantation einer Kniegelenksendoprothese indiziert ist, zu vermessen und bei einer virtuellen Prothesenimplantation festzustellen, inwieweit Probleme auftreten. Dazu sind bei 100 Patienten mit der Indikation zum Kniegelenksersatz die Geometrie von distalem Femur und proximaler Tibia und wichtige Achsenverhaltnisse des Kniegelenks anhand von Rontgenbildern in zwei Ebenen erfast und digitalisiert worden. Daraufhin wurden Kollektive gebildet, die Geometrie diagnose- und geschlechtsspezifisch untersucht. Im nachsten Schritt folgte computergestutzt die simulierte Implantation von drei verschiedenen Kniegelenksendoprothesensystemen bei jedem Patienten. Die Ergebnisse der insgesamt 39700 Messungen bieten Mittelwerte und Orientierungsgrosen fur das destruierte und arthrotische Kniegelenk. Der Vergleich der Kniegeometrie von weiblichen und mannlichen Patienten ergibt signifikante Unterschiede auch nach Normierung auf die mittlere Lange. Auch die Geometrie der Tibia von Patienten mit Valgusgonarthrose unterscheidet sich signifikant von denen mit Varusgonarthrose. Die Pasgenauigkeit der Totalendoprothesensysteme ist unterschiedlich. Daraus ergeben sich verschiedene Optimierungsvorschlage bezuglich Komponentendesign und -geometrie, die das postoperative Ergebnis nach Implantation einer Kniegelenksendoprothese verbessern konnten.
Defining the burden of pneumonia in children preventable by vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b.

OBJECTIVES To determine the burden of pneumonia requiring hospitalization in infants and young children preventable by vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). DESIGN Vaccination centers in Santiago, Chile, were randomly selected to administer PRP-T, an Hib conjugate vaccine, combined with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) vaccine or DTP alone. SUBJECTS Infants who received > or =2 doses of DTP or DTP and Hib conjugate vaccine combined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pneumonia episodes leading to hospitalization accompanied by indicators of likely bacterial infection including radiologic evidence of alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (> or =40 mm/h) or bronchial breath sounds on auscultation. RESULTS In participants age 4 to 23 months, PRP-T reduced the incidence of pneumonia associated with alveolar consolidation or pleural effusion by 22% (95% confidence interval, -7 to 43) from 5.0 to 3.9 episodes per 1000 children per year. When the pneumonia case definition included any of the following, alveolar consolidation, pleural effusion, erythrocyte sedimentation rate > or =40 mm/h or bronchial breath sounds, PRP-T provided 26% protection (95% confidence interval, 7 to 44) and prevented 2.5 episodes per 1000 children per year. CONCLUSIONS Hib vaccine provides substantial protection against nonbacteremic pneumonia, particularly those cases with alveolar consolidation, pleural effusion or other signs of likely bacterial infection. Hib vaccination prevented approximately 5 times as many nonbacteremic pneumonia cases in infants as meningitis cases, thus indicating that the largest part of the effect of Hib vaccination might be undetectable by routine culture methods.
Changes in the microbial community structure of bacteria, archaea and fungi in response to elevated CO(2) and warming in an Australian native grassland soil.

The microbial community structure of bacteria, archaea and fungi is described in an Australian native grassland soil after more than 5 years exposure to different atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) (ambient, +550 ppm) and temperatures (ambient, + 2°C) under different plant functional types (C3 and C4 grasses) and at two soil depths (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm). Archaeal community diversity was influenced by elevated [CO2], while under warming archaeal 16S rRNA gene copy numbers increased for C4 plant Themeda triandra and decreased for the C3 plant community (P < 0.05). Fungal community diversity resulted in three groups based upon elevated [CO2], elevated [CO2] plus warming and ambient [CO2]. Overall bacterial community diversity was influenced primarily by depth. Specific bacterial taxa changed in richness and relative abundance in response to climate change factors when assessed by a high-resolution 16S rRNA microarray (PhyloChip). Operational taxonomic unit signal intensities increased under elevated [CO2] for both Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increased under warming for Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. For the interaction of elevated [CO2] and warming there were 103 significant operational taxonomic units (P < 0.01) representing 15 phyla and 30 classes. The majority of these operational taxonomic units increased in abundance for elevated [CO2] plus warming plots, while abundance declined in warmed or elevated [CO2] plots. Bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene copy number) was significantly different for the interaction of elevated [CO2] and depth (P < 0.05) with decreased abundance under elevated [CO2] at 5-10 cm, and for Firmicutes under elevated [CO2] (P < 0.05). Bacteria, archaea and fungi in soil responded differently to elevated [CO2], warming and their interaction. Taxa identified as significantly climate-responsive could show differing trends in the direction of response ('+' or '-') under elevated CO2 or warming, which could then not be used to predict their interactive effects supporting the need to investigate interactive effects for climate change. The approach of focusing on specific taxonomic groups provides greater potential for understanding complex microbial community changes in ecosystems under climate change.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Major Gastrointestinal Parasites of Pig Slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites of pigs slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise (AAAE) from October, 2009 to May, 2010 using systematic random sampling technique. A total of 390 pigs were sampled to assess and identify different genera of GIT parasites of pig. For this study, faecal samples were collected from a total of 390 pigs’ slaughtered in the abattoir while post mortem adult parasite recovery was done by incision of liver, removing intestinal content, opening of the cecum and colon. The collected faecal samples were examined by zinc sulphate floatation and sedimentation techniques for isolation of parasitic eggs and/or oocysts. Out of 390 samples tested in the present study, an overall prevalence of 61.8% GIT parasite was identified. Among the examined samples, 16.2% (63/390), 12.6% (49/390), 6.9% (27/390), 3.9% (15/390), 11.8% (46/390), 10.5% (41/390) were identified as Strongyloides spp. , Ascaris suum (A. suum), Trichuris suis (T. suis), Oesophagostomum spp. , Coccidia spp. and Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) ova/oocyst, respectively. The study had also revealed that about 11.28% and 37.69% pigs had harbored mixed and single infection, respectively. A Chi-square computed statistical analysis indicated that origin (χ2=3.5408; P>0.05), age (χ2=1.8628; P>0.05) and sex (χ2=0.0636; P>0.05) were insignificantly associated with the infection of GIT parasites in the study area. However, the prevalence of individual GIT parasite infections analysis revealed that both sex and age were significantly associated with the prevalence of Coccidia spp. (p<0.05) while origin was significantly associated with the prevalence of the nematode A. suum (p<0.05). An overall prevalence of 28.2% GIT parasites were identified upon postmortem adult parasite inspection. Our study revealed that pig GIT parasites were the major biological constraints contributing to the low productivity of pig and hampered the economic benefit obtained from the sector. Therefore, further detailed investigations are needed to formulate appropriate and cost-effective strategies for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in pig farms in Ethiopia.
Predation, Body Size, and Composition of Plankton.

ARTICLES Organic Fluorine Chemistry: C. G. Krespai. Expanding rapidly, the science of these compounds has assumed both theoretical and practical importance. The Biological Synthesis of Cholesterol: K. Bloch . Predation, Body Size, and Con-mposition of Plankton: J. L. Brooks and S. I. Dodson . The effect of a marine planktivore on lake plankton illustrates theory of size, competition, and predation. 7
SMT stencil automatic registration method based on coordinates distribution analysis

Since the stencil image used for surface mount technology (SMT) always has various defects such as less holes and burrs in the laser processing and imaging, it is indispensable to detect those flaws with high accuracy. An automatic registration lies at the root of identifying defects. In this paper, a novel automatic registration algorithm for stencil images is proposed. According to the distribution probability density of the coordinates of gravity center points in a stencil image, the adaptive parameter DBSCAN clustering algorithm is adopted to classify those points. As a result, we could find corresponding gravity center points (feature points) in the stencil image and its standard design file respectively. A transformation matrix between the stencil image and its standard design file is obtained by the feature points. Experiments have shown that this automatic registration algorithm can be well adapted to the stencil images with random defects.
On composition of service component based on service-oriented architecture

SOA is a method of constructing distributed systems, which has been widely accepted nowadays. For designers of SOA, it is very important to design the service. This paper introduces the concepts of SOA and service composition, and analyses the service layer of SOA. An abstract frame model of the service component composition and a composition service component model are given, and then the formalized description of the composition service component model is presented. At last, a lightweight composition service description language is proposed after analyzing the structure of WSDL.
The effects of populism as a social identity frame on persuasion and mobilisation: Evidence from a 15‐country experiment

This article investigates the impact of populist messages on issue agreement and readiness for action in 15 countries (N = 7,286). Specifically, populist communicators rely on persuasive strategies by which social group cues become more salient and affect people's judgment of and political engagement with political issues. This strategy is called ‘populist identity framing’ because the ordinary people as the in‐group is portrayed as being threatened by various out‐groups. By blaming political elites for societal or economic problems harming ordinary people, populist communicators engage in anti‐elitist identity framing. Another strategy is to blame immigrants for social problems – that is, exclusionist identity framing. Finally, right‐wing political actors combine both cues and depict an even more threatening situation of the ordinary people as the in‐group. Based on social identity theory, an experimental study in 15 European countries shows that most notably the anti‐elitist identity frame has the potential to persuade voters. Additionally, relative deprivation makes recipients more susceptible to the mobilising impact of the populist identity frames.
Free radicals in inflammatory bowel diseases pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by the accumulation of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages at the site of inflammation. Activation of these cells leads to the release of degradative enzymes, e.g., proteinases and glycosidases, and the production of reactive oxygen metabolites. This has been shown both in animal models of experimental intestinal injury, and in human inflammatory bowel disease. Scavenging of oxygen radicals protected tissue from damage in experimental inflammation models. Human studies with specific oxygen radical scavengers are rare, preliminary results appear promising. The fact that the aminosalicylates used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease are potent antioxidants underscores the important role of reactive oxygen metabolites in this setting.
The digital revolution and governance in Brazil: Evidence from participatory budgeting

ABSTRACT Cities have initiated e-participation programs to cut costs, promote transparency and engage more citizens in recent years. Participatory budgeting (PB) is a democratic innovation that is said to enhance governance and empower citizens. We test hypotheses surrounding why cities use electronic vs. traditional forms of PB as well as variation in policy outcomes generated by the use of different PB types. Our data are from an original survey of 94 administrators of Brazilian PB programs. Our results provide new evidence on e-participation in Latin America and a new direction for scholarship on the digital revolution in the developing world.
Valuing Mortality Risk Reductions from Environmental, Transport, and Health Policies: A Global Meta‐Analysis of Stated Preference Studies

We conduct, to our knowledge, the first global meta‐analysis (MA) of stated preference (SP) surveys of mortality risk valuation. The surveys ask adults their willingness to pay (WTP) for small reductions in mortality risks, deriving estimates of the sample mean value of statistical life (VSL) for environmental, health, and transport policies. We explain the variation in VSL estimates by differences in the characteristics of the SP methodologies applied, the population affected, and the characteristics of the mortality risks valued, including the magnitude of the risk change. The mean (median) VSL in our full data set of VSL sample means was found to be around $7.4 million (2.4 million) (2005 U.S. dollars). The most important variables explaining the variation in VSL are gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the magnitude of the risk change valued. According to theory, however, VSL should be independent of the risk change. We discuss and test a range of quality screening criteria in order to investigate the effect of limiting the MA to high‐quality studies. When limiting the MA to studies that find statistically significant differences in WTP using external or internal scope tests (without requiring strict proportionality), we find that mean VSL from studies that pass both tests tend to be less sensitive to the magnitude of the risk change. Mean VSL also tends to decrease when stricter screening criteria are applied. For many of our screened models, we find a VSL income elasticity of 0.7–0.9, which is reduced to 0.3–0.4 for some subsets of the data that satisfy scope tests or use the same high‐quality survey.