Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Marine-Based Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with Recommendations for Best Practice

In the marine environment Species Distribution Models (SDMs) have been used in hundreds of papers for predicting the present and future geographic range and environmental niche of species. We have analysed ways in which SDMs are being applied to marine species in order to recommend best practice in future studies. This systematic review was registered as a protocol on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/tngs6/. The literature reviewed (236 papers) was published between 1992 and July 2016. The number of papers significantly increased through time (R2=0.92, p<0.05). The studies were predominantly carried out in the Temperate Northern Atlantic (45%) followed by studies of global scale (11%) and studies in Temperate Australasia (10%). The majority of studies reviewed focused on theoretical ecology (37%) including investigations of biological invasions by non-native organisms, conservation planning (19%), and climate change predictions (17%). Most of the studies were published in ecological, multidisciplinary or biodiversity conservation journals. Most of the studies (94%) failed to report the amount of uncertainty derived from data deficiencies and model parameters. Best practice recommendations are proposed here to ensure that novice and advanced SDM users can (a) understand the main elements of SDMs, (b) reproduce standard methods and analysis, and (c) identify potential limitations with their data. We suggest that in the future, studies of marine SDMs should report on key features of the approaches employed, data deficiencies, the selection of the best explanatory model, and the approach taken to validate the SDM results. In addition, based on the literature reviewed, we suggest that future marine SDMs should account for uncertainty levels as part of the modelling process.
Five-year prospective outcome of psychopathology in the adolescent offspring of bipolar parents.

OBJECTIVE For nearly 5 years a prospective high risk cohort study was carried out in the Netherlands among adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychopathology, specifically mood disorders, in adolescents and young adults with a bipolar parent. METHOD At first and second measurement 140 and 132 children of bipolar parents, respectively, were psychiatrically evaluated with a semi-structured psychiatric interview (K-SADS-PL). At follow up (third measurement), nearly 5 years later, lifetime DSM IV diagnoses were obtained from the SCID interview for 129 subjects (aged 16--26 years). RESULTS Compared with the first measurement, the lifetime prevalence of BD increased from 3 to 10% at follow up. In addition, the lifetime prevalence of overall mood disorders increased to 40% and of overall psychopathology to 59%. All subjects except for one with BD, debuted with a unipolar mood disorder with a mean of 4.9 (SD 3.4) years prior to the first (hypo)manic episode. CONCLUSION At follow up, we noticed an increase in BD onset, while a further increase could be expected. In addition, we found that a unipolar depression in bipolar offspring is a risk factor for, and at the same time the first sign of, the development of BD.
Improving Goal Communication with Information Flow Maps and Distances

Goal understanding and communication of requirements are vital for ensuring that large and complex project organizations collaborate efficiently. We have used a design science approach to explore and address the problem of communication for large IT projects. We designed a method for avoiding communication gaps by eliciting information regarding stakeholders and information flows. The MAPS (Mapping to Avoid Project Surprises) method was applied at Scania CV AB and there evaluated through a case study with document studies, ten interviews and a focus group. Our results indicate that MAPS provides good sup-port for stakeholder identification and for creating a common understanding of how information flows between key roles, groups, artefacts and meetings.
Efficient BEMD Data Hiding Algorithm

Improved BEMD steganographic algorithm to hide secret text behind cover pixels of image to increase security of digital communication for exchanging private information worldwide using binary coefficient and modulus is proposed. From simulation results, Stego image quality better than 70dB which is higher than BEMD Kuo-Chang scheme thereby reducing mean square error difference between cover image and stego image. General Terms History of steganography, Review of steganographic techniques, Experimentation, Proposed algorithm, Results, conclusion, literature review.
NCAM-associated polysialic acid on ciliary ganglion neurons is regulated by polysialytransferase levels and interaction with muscle

NCAM in its high polysialic acid (PSA) form is expressed on chick hindlimb motoneurons during their growth, and then decreases at about the time that synaptogenesis is completed. In order to characterize this regulation at the cell and molecular level, the present studies use the chick ciliary ganglion (CG) system, which constitutes a homogeneous and developmentally synchronized population of motoneurons that can be used for in vitro studies. Levels of PSA in the CG were evaluated both by SDS-PAGE immunoblot analysis of total NCAM and by pulse radiolabeling of newly synthesized NCAM. Up- and downregulation of PSA expression on newly synthesized NCAM in the CG was found to be closely correlated with in vivo innervation and synaptogenesis, respectively. Moreover, the downregulation observed at synaptogenesis was prevented by in vivo blockade of neuromuscular activity with alpha- bungarotoxin. The developmental regulation of PSA expression was found to coincide precisely with an increase and decrease in levels of specific polysialyltransferase activity. By contrast, the expression of the VASE exon in NCAM, which in CNS is temporally correlated with PSA downregulation, was not expressed in the CG. Cocultures of CG neurons with myotubes were used to provide direct evidence that neuron-muscle interaction can cause a specific downregulation of both neuronal PSA and polysialyltransferase activity.
A PROTEIN SIDE-CHAIN PLACEMENT-BASED SOLUTION METHOD FOR UNCLUTTERED SINGLE-IMAGE VISUALIZATION OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTIC VESSEL TREE

Direct projection of three-dimensional branching structures, such as networks of cables, blood vessels, or neurons onto a 2D image creates the illusion of intersecting structural parts and creates challenges for understanding and communication. The authors present a method for visualizing such structures, and demonstrate its utility in visualizing the abdominal aorta and its branches, whose tomographic images might be obtained by computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography, in a single two-dimensional stylistic image, without overlap among branches. The visualization method, termed uncluttered single-image visualization (USIV), involves optimization of geometry. This paper proposes a novel optimization technique that utilizes an interesting connection of the optimization problem regarding USIV to the protein structure prediction problem. Adopting the integer linear ∗Corresponding author Email addresses: jhwon@stanford.edu (Joong-Ho Won), jarrett.rosenberg@stanford.edu (Jarrett Rosenberg), grubin@stanford.edu (Geoffrey D. Rubin), snapel@stanford.edu (Sandy Napel) programming-based formulation for the protein structure prediction problem, the authors tested the proposed technique using 30 visualizations produced from five patient scans with representative anatomical variants in the abdominal aortic vessel tree. Comparison of the results with the other optimization technique previously reported elsewhere suggests that, in most aspects, the quality of the visualization is comparable to those of the previous one, with a significant gain in the execution time of the algorithm.
Predictors of Anticoagulant Treatment in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

The aim of the study was to assess the factors associated with the anticoagulation treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A total of 2242 consecutive patients who had been admitted with AF on their electrocardiogram were included in the study. After excluding valvular AF, 1745 patients with nonvalvular AF were analyzed. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score [cardiac failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 -74 and sex category (female)], frequency of persistent/permanent AF, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), stroke history, body mass index, and left atrial diameter were significantly higher in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Stroke history, persistent/permanent AF, hypertension, DM, age, heart failure, and left atrial diameter were independent predictors of warfarin prescription. Labile international normalized ratio was the only independent negative predictor of effective treatment with warfarin. In this study, we demonstrated that stroke history, persistent/permanent AF, hypertension, DM, and left atrial diameter were positive predictors, whereas advanced age and heart failure were negative predictors of oral anticoagulant use in patients with nonvalvular AF.
TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN THE CARBON BUDGET OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN SPAIN

Temperate and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere have recently been identified as important carbon sinks. Accurate calculation of forest carbon budget and appraisal of the temporal variations of forest net carbon fluxes are important topics to elucidate the “missing sink” question and to follow up the changing carbon dynamics in forests. In this article, recent carbon budgets of the forests of a region in northern Spain have been calculated using data from forest inventories and a carbon cycle model for the human perturbations to the forests. Two methods are used, one that requires data from two forest inventories (growing stocks), and another that uses data from only one inventory (forest growth). The methods are complementary and give a picture of the temporal evolution of the forest net carbon flux. Forests in northern Spain are important carbon sinks, accumulating, on average, 2.91 ± 0.47 Tg C/yr (1.46 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) from 1972/1973 to 1986/1988 (these figures have been derived using data from two forest inventories). The big errors associated with the net fluxes of carbon make it difficult to draw out firm conclusions about the temporal dynamics of carbon budgets, but it can be concluded that the net carbon flux from the forests in the north of Spain has experienced drastic changes through the period 1968/1973 until 1982/1988: the sink strength has diminished in this period from 8.4 ± 4.4 to 4.9 ± 3.6 Tg C/yr (each figure derived from data from one inventory), as a result of the increase of emissions due to human perturbations of the forests (harvest and forest fires), which have not been compensated by an equivalent forest growth. Northern forests represent the largest proportion of the forest carbon sink in Spain. This is a consequence of the high productivity and areal coverage of the fast-growing tree species that dominate the landscape of the region. Growing stock (timber volume) in the forests of the region has increased by almost a third in ≈15 yr. Temporal evolution of tree densities (stem diameter distributions) and timber volumes during those years indicate maturation of the forests on average. The growth in timber volume is shown to be due mainly to the increase of mean tree heights in the same diameter classes and not to a shift in the stem diameter distribution toward bigger diameter classes. Reasons for this growth of timber volume are discussed, and although climatic and CO2 fertilization effects may play a role, it is concluded that increase in the growing stock is also compatible with “normal” stand evolution.
TECHNICAL ADVANCES IN EPOXY TECHNOLOGY FOR WIND TURBINE BLADE COMPOSITE FABRICATION

Epoxy composites offer high performance and proven reliability in many demanding applications including components for aerospace and wind turbine blades. While in operation, wind turbine blades are subjected to significant stresses from their movement, wind and other environmental factors such as temperature cycling, humidity and bird strikes. Failures of these composite blades have been attributed to fiber/matrix delamination and cracking. Significant technical advances have been made by Dow to fundamentally understand the critical resin formulation attributes needed for use in wind turbine blades and thereby provide solutions to address these failures by leveraging key novel technologies that have been developed within Dow for its Epoxy Systems.
Transport of melphalan by sensitive and resistant L1210 cells.

Abstract The in vitro transport of l-p-(di-2-chloroethylamino)[14C]phenylalanine by i.p. grown mouse L1210 leukemias has been studied in melphalan-sensitive and melphalan-resistant cell populations. As has been reported previously, uptake of the drug is a temperature-sensitive, partly sodium-dependent, active process with cell:medium accumulation in excess of 5:1 at 37° and a process which is competitively inhibited by l-leucine. Efflux studies demonstrated that at least 75% of the intracellular radioactivity was free to leave the cell. At low concentrations of melphalan (3 to 10 µm), the sensitive cells were characterized by an apparent Km for transport of 11.1 ± 2.1 (S.E.) µm and an apparent Vmax of 25.6 ± 9.9 pmol/106 cells/min while at high concentrations of melphalan (14 to 80 µm), the corresponding values were 90 ± 16 µm and 158 ± 15 pmol/106 cells/min. These data are consistent with previous reports that there are at least two distinct carrier systems which transport melphalan. Transport studies on melphalan-resistant L1210 cells revealed both a lower velocity of drug uptake and a lower intracellular accumulation of the drug at equilibrium than in sensitive L1210 cells. At high concentrations of melphalan (14 to 80 µm), a kinetic analysis indicated that in the resistant cells there was a 3-fold increase in the apparent Km for transport with no appreciable change in the Vmax. At low concentrations of melphalan (3 to 10 µm), there was a similar decrease in the transport of melphalan by the resistant cells as compared to sensitive cells. However, in the presence of 1 mm dl-β-2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, a specific inhibitor of the lower-affinity L system, there was no significant difference between melphalan transport in resistant and sensitive cells at the low concentration. These studies suggest that the nature of the alteration in the melphalan transport in the resistant L1210 cell may be a specific mutation in the lower-affinity L system rendering melphalan transport less efficient.
The effects of Cu-chlorophyllin on the active site formation of each component of guinea-pig complement.

The effects of Cu-chlorophyllin on the formation of intermediate complexes (site formation) by each component of guinea-pig complement on sensitized sheep erythrocytes were examined. When the Z value of immune haemolysis varied between 0·30 and 2·66, the 50 per cent inhibition doses of Cu-chlorophyllin on C′1, C′2, C′5, C′6 and C′7 were 2·3–3·2×10-5 M, 0·31–0·37×10-5 M, 1·4–1·6×10-5 M, 1·0–1·2×10-5 M and 2·4–2·8×10-5 M, respectively. Site generation of C′3 and C′9 was enhanced whereas no effect was observed on C′4 and C′8 site formation.
Granulomatous Enteritis in a Pig Caused by Mycobacterium avium

8 and actin for skeletal muscle origin staining. The ultrastructural evidence of skeletal muscle fiber residues in embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas is not a necessary diagnostic feature for this tumor subtype because of its variable occurrence. ’ In this case, these ultrastructural features are lacking. In rats. the diagnosis “embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma” can be certainly made by the previously described immunohistological and cytological features. In this case the term “undifferentiated rhabdomyosarcoma”i should be avoided. References
A 3 D Freehand Ultrasound System for Multiview Reconstructions from Sparse 2 D Scanning Planes

Methods: We present a low-cost and flexible ultrasound imaging system that integrates several image processing components to allow for 3D reconstructions from limited numbers of 2D image planes and multiple acoustic views. Our approach is based on a 3D freehand ultrasound system that allows users to control the 2D acquisition imaging using conventional 2D probes. For reliable performance, we develop new methods for image segmentation and robust multi-view registration. We first present a new hybrid geometric level-set approach that provides reliable segmentation performance with relatively simple initializations and minimum edge leakage. Optimization of the segmentation model parameters and its effect on performance is carefully discussed. Second, using the segmented images, a new coarse to fine automatic multi-view registration method is introduced. The approach uses a 3D Hotelling transform to initialize an optimization search. Then, the fine scale feature-based registration is performed using a robust, non-linear least squares algorithm. The robustness of the multi-view registration system allows for accurate 3D reconstructions from sparse 2D image planes.
Solar and stellar system tests of the cosmological constant

Some tests of gravity theories--periastron shift, geodetic precession, change in mean motion and gravitational redshift--are applied in solar and stellar systems to constrain the cosmological constant. We thus consider a length scale range from {approx}10{sup 8} to {approx}10{sup 15} km. Best bounds from the solar system come from perihelion advance and change in mean motion of Earth and Mars, {lambda} < or approx. 10{sup -36} km{sup -2}. Such a limit falls very short to estimates from observational cosmology analyses but a future experiment performing radio ranging observations of outer planets could improve it by 4 orders of magnitude. Beyond the solar system, together with future measurements of periastron advance in wide binary pulsars, gravitational redshift of white dwarfs can provide bounds competitive with Mars data.
SC/FDE, OFDM and CDMA: A Simplified Approach

We apply code division multiple access CDMA to single carrier transmission with frequency domain equalization SCFDE. We use the Fourier spreading codes at the transmitter with length equal the number of users and across the active users. It leads to the cancellation of the despreading process together with the inverse fast Fourier transformation (IFFT) at the receiver, and hence, we get the performance of SCFDE-CDMA with less complexity. Nevertheless, the system is transformed to OFDM. We obtain multicarrier OFDM, by applying IFFT across an arbitrary parallel SCFDE CDMA signals. The behaviour of the peak to average power ratio PAPR of the output signal reveals Gaussian distribution, and thus, the PAPR is improved. It is therefore adequate to and effective in the nonlinear region of the power amplifier
R(+)-, Rac-, and S(–)-Bupivacaine Stereostructure-Specifically Interact with Membrane Lipids at Cardiotoxically Relevant Concentrations

It remains questionable whether local anesthetics can interact with membrane lipids at clinically relevant concentrations to show the difference between enantiomers. We compared the effects of bupivacaine stereoisomers on biomimetic membranes containing cardiolipin and cholesterol. Bupivacaine interacted with the membranes at cardiotoxic 5 &mgr;M with the potency being S(–)-enantiomer < racemate < R(+)-enantiomer, which agreed with the rank order of their cardiotoxicity. Such differences became greater with decreasing drug concentrations, possibly explaining the inconsistent cardiotoxic potencies of bupivacaine stereoisomers reported previously. The interactivity with biomembranes may in part contribute to the mode of toxic action of local anesthetics.
Guillain‐Barré Syndrome After Obstetrical Epidural Analgesia

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) occurred 24 hours post-partum following an obstetrical epidural anesthetic (OEA) procedure. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and nerve conduction velocity studies. GBS is an immune mediated process. Because of short latency between the onset of symptoms and the performance of the epidural block, a cause and effect relationship between epidural block and GBS in this patient is unlikely.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver as a rare indication for liver transplantation.

AIM To investigate the indications and outcomes of liver transplantation for hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE). METHODS Between 1989 and August 2013, in the Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1306 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLTx) were performed, including 72 retransplantations. Unresectable HEHE was an indication for OLTx in 10 patients (0.8% of primary OLTx), the mean age of the patients was 40.5 ± 13.3 years (range 23-65 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 2:8. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in HEHE, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and other OLTx recipients groups was performed. The differences in mortality were compared using the χ(2) test. A P-value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS No concomitant liver disease was found in any patient. There was no neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Liver function test results were normal in most of the patients. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were normal. In immunohistochemical staining, the neoplastic cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, and CD34, which are endothelial cell markers, and negative for cytokeratin 19, cytokeratin 7, and HepPar-1. Nine patients were alive without tumor recurrence. One patient died 2 mo after OLTx due to septic complications. No morbidity was observed. Maximum follow-up was 11.4 years, with a minimum of 1 mo. The cumulative survival rate at the end of follow-up in HEHE patients was 87.5% compared with 54.3% in the HCC group and 76.3% in the other OLTx recipients group (χ(2) test = 1.784, df = 2, P = 0.409). CONCLUSION Unresectable HEHE, without extrahepatic metastases is an excellent indication for liver transplantation. Long-term survival is very good and much better than in HCC patients and the entire group of OLTx patients.
Review of Feline Pancreatitis Part One: The Normal Feline Pancreas, the Pathophysiology, Classification, Prevalence and Aetiologies of Pancreatitis

The cellular mechanisms involved once pancreatitis has been initiated are reasonably well understood. The events leading up to this process are less well established. Much of our current understanding of pancreatitis in cats has been determined from experiments in cats or extrapolated from other species. The normal anatomy and function of the pancreas and a review of the current state of knowledge about the pathophysiology of pancreatitis is discussed. The current prevalence of feline pancreatitis is unknown, but the disease is being reported with increasing frequency. The aetiology of pancreatitis and the types of pancreatic inflammation present in cats is different from other species, such as the dog, a species where the disease is considered more common. Concurrent diseases are often present that may be more serious than the pancreatic inflammation and the treatment of these diseases is often complicated by pancreatitis.