Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of electrospun scaffolds by image analysis techniques

Understanding the influence of electrospun scaffold architecture (fiber diameter, pore size, and fiber orientation) on morphology, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and organization of different kinds of cells and mechanical behavior leads to engineering the functional tissue for reconstruction by controlling the electrospinning process. Quantifying the fiber architectural features provides the ability to access this influence. The aim of this research is characterizing the electrospun scaffold topology including fiber diameter, pore size and fiber orientation using an image-based analysis approach. To investigate the algorithm performance, the images of electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were prepared. This image-based analysis technique not only combines fast and precise analysis of computer-based programs but also makes the reliable results to identify the fiber network morphology.
Rates and predictors of adherence with atypical antipsychotic medication: a follow-up study of adolescent inpatients.

BACKGROUND The use of atypical antipsychotics is increasing in adolescent populations, but little is known about adherence with these treatments. This study examined postdischarge adherence of adolescents treated as inpatients with either olanzapine or risperidone. METHODS Eighty-six (86) adolescent inpatients (43 per treatment) were contacted an average of 10 months (range, 90 days to 18 months) after discharge from the hospital. A structured interview examined compliance, side effects, and subjective impressions regarding the efficacy of treatment. Clinical symptoms rated by clinicians, self-reports from patients, hospital chart diagnosis, treatment group (risperidone/olanzapine), and demographic factors were used to predict compliance, as were the occurrence of side effects and subjective impressions of the efficacy of treatment. RESULTS Forty-five percent (45%) of the patients were adherent with their medications, while only 12% discontinued treatment on their own, and 43% stopped medication at the request of their parent or a physician. Medication status and symptom severity did not predict nonadherence, and the only diagnosis related to adherence was substance abuse. The only side effect that predicted nonadherence was rapid weight gain during the hospitalization; this was slightly more common in olanzapine-treated patients. Nonadherent patients' subjective impressions of efficacy were no different from the patients who continued their medications, but the patients who stopped medication on their own were more likely to also have failed to attend recommended psychotherapy as well. IMPLICATIONS Failure to continue recommended treatment with atypical antipsychotics was most common in cases who did not comply with other aspects of the discharge plan. Efficacy of the medication did not predict nonadherence, as half of the noncompliant subjects stated that the medication had been helpful. Rapid weight gain also predicted nonadherence, but subjective impression of long-term weight gain was not different across adherence or treatment status. These data tentatively suggest that in adolescent patients, tendencies toward general uncooperativeness and substance abuse may be at least as important as the occurrence of common side effects in the determination of medication adherence.
Robust H∞ filtering for continuous-time linear systems under measurement saturation

The H∞ filtering problem for continuous-time linear systems is considered in which the amplitude saturation of the measurements of the system and the input of the filter are taken into account. An linear matrix inequality-based design approach is presented for the desired filter such that the resulting error system is local exponential asymptotical stable while regional L2 gain satisfies a prescribed H∞-norm bound constraint. Both the filter design with the minimum attenuation level bound and the estimation of the largest domain of attraction are formulated into convex optimization problems.
Comparative Genetics of the rdar Morphotype in Salmonella

ABSTRACT The Salmonella rdar morphotype is a distinct, rough and dry colony morphology formed by the extracellular interaction of thin aggregative fimbriae (Tafi or curli), cellulose, and other polysaccharides. Cells in rdar colonies are more resistant to desiccation and exogenous stresses, which is hypothesized to aid in the passage of pathogenic Salmonella spp. between hosts. Here we analyzed the genetic and phenotypic conservation of the rdar morphotype throughout the entire Salmonella genus. The rdar morphotype was conserved in 90% of 80 isolates representing all 7 Salmonella groups; however, the frequency was only 31% in a reference set of 16 strains (Salmonella reference collection C [SARC]). Comparative gene expression analysis was used to separate cis- and trans-acting effects on promoter activity for the 16 SARC strains, focusing on the 780-bp intergenic region containing divergent promoters for the master regulator of the rdar morphotype (agfD) and the Tafi structural genes (agfB). Surprisingly, promoter functionality was conserved in most isolates, and loss of the phenotype was due primarily to defects in trans-acting regulatory factors. We hypothesize that trans differences have been caused by domestication, whereas cis differences, detected for Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae isolates, may reflect an evolutionary change in lifestyle. Our results demonstrate that the rdar morphotype is conserved throughout the salmonellae, but they also emphasize that regulation is an important source of variability among isolates.
Do Brokers' Recommendation Changes Generate Brokerage? Evidence from a Central Limit Order Market

We examine the short‐term response to recommendation changes on the Australian Securities Exchange, a central limit order market. In both central limit order markets and dealer‐driven markets, clients may reward the recommending broker with increased trade volumes. But a central limit order market does not have mandatory market makers and hence provides greater opportunity to free ride. We find evidence supporting the hypothesis that recommending brokers are rewarded with higher trade volumes and brokerage commission. Consistent with the tipping hypothesis, these rewards are concentrated in the period shortly before the release. There is no evidence of free riding.
The beta 1 and beta 2 subunits of the AP complexes are the clathrin coat assembly components.

The beta 1 and beta 2 subunits are the closely‐related large chains of the trans‐Golgi network AP‐1 and the plasma membrane AP‐2 clathrin‐associated protein complexes, respectively. Recombinant beta 1 and beta 2 subunits have been generated in Escherichia coli. It was found that, in the absence of all the other AP subunits, beta 1 and beta 2 interact with clathrin and drive the efficient assembly of clathrin coats. In addition, beta 2 subunits and AP complexes compete for the same clathrin binding site. The appearance of the clathrin/beta coats is the same as the barrel‐shaped structures formed with native AP complexes. It is proposed that the principal function of the beta subunits is to initiate coat formation, while the remaining subunits of the AP complexes have other roles in coated pit and coated vesicle function.
A survey of product recognition in shelf images

Nowadays, merchandising is one of the significant method which allows to increase the sales. Therefore, activities such as monitoring the number of products on the shelves, completing the missing products and matching the planogram continuously have become important. An autonomous system is needed to automate operations such as product or brand recognition, stock tracking and planogram matching. In the literature, it is seen that many studies have been carried out in order to address this issue. This survey classifies and compares all existing works with the aim to guide researchers working on merchandising.
Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis in Children Resistant to Previous Therapy

Patients admitted to the authors' institution with tibial osteomyelitis between 1978 and 1998 were reviewed. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology, treatment, and outcome in chronic pediatric tibial osteomyelitis. The authors describe their treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children resistant to previous therapeutic modalities. Thirty patients were identified with a mean age of 8.5 years at diagnosis. Mean age at admission was 9.6 years, indicating more than a 1-year duration of disease. Follow-up averaged 2.3 years. Patients underwent 97 procedures, averaging 3.2 procedures per patient. Hospital stay ranged from 2 weeks to 18 months, with an average stay of 4.7 months. Seventy-seven percent of patients were culture-positive, and 78% of positive cultures identified Staphylococcus aureus as the causative pathogen. Eighty percent of patients had a good outcome, 13% had a fair outcome, and there were no poor results. Patients with large tibial defects obtained good results with both tibiofibular synostosis and Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis. The authors describe the only reported group of pediatric patients successfully treated using Ilizarov bone transport for bony tibial defects due to osteomyelitis.
Estimating the Prevalence of Binge Eating Disorder in a Community Sample From the United States: Comparing DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 Criteria.

OBJECTIVE To estimate binge eating disorder (BED) prevalence according to DSM-5 and DSM-IV-TR criteria in US adults and to estimate the proportion of individuals meeting DSM-5 BED criteria who reported being formally diagnosed. METHODS A representative sample of US adults who participated in the National Health and Wellness Survey were asked to respond to an Internet survey (conducted in October 2013). Assessments included 3-month, 12-month, and lifetime BED prevalence based on DSM-5 and DSM-IV-TR criteria and demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Descriptive statistics are provided. Prevalence estimates were calculated using poststratification sampling weights. RESULTS Of 22,397 respondents, 344 (women, n = 242; men, n = 102) self-reported symptoms consistent with DSM-5 BED symptom criteria. The 3-month, 12-month, and lifetime DSM-5 prevalence estimates (95% CIs) projected to the US population were 1.19% (1.04%-1.37%), 1.64% (1.45%-1.85%), and 2.03% (1.83%-2.26%), respectively. The 12-month and lifetime projected DSM-IV-TR prevalence estimates were 1.15% (1.00%-1.32%) and 1.52% (1.35%-1.70%), respectively. Of respondents meeting DSM-5 BED criteria in the past 12 months, 3.2% (11/344) reported receiving a formal diagnosis. Compared with non-BED respondents, respondents meeting DSM-5 BED criteria in the past 12 months were younger (mean ± SD age = 46.01 ± 14.32 vs 51.59 ± 15.80 years; P < .001), had a higher body mass index (mean ± SD = 33.71 ± 9.36 vs 27.96 ± 6.68 kg/m²; P < .001), and had lower self-esteem (mean ± SD score = 16.47 ± 6.99 vs 23.33 ± 6.06; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS DSM-5 BED criteria resulted in higher BED prevalence estimates than with DSM-IV-TR criteria. Most BED respondents did not report being formally diagnosed, indicating an unmet need in BED recognition and diagnosis.
2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Causes Disease and Upregulation of Genes Related to Inflammatory and Immune Responses, Cell Death, and Lipid Metabolism in Pigs

ABSTRACT There exists limited information about whether adaptation is needed for cross-species transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1). Here, we compare the pathogenesis of two pH1N1 viruses, one derived from a human patient (A/CA/04/09 [CA09]) and the other from swine (A/swine/Alberta/25/2009 [Alb09]), with that of the 1918-like classical swine influenza virus (A/swine/Iowa/1930 [IA30]) in the pig model. Both pH1N1 isolates induced clinical symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, decreased activity, fever, and labored breathing in challenged pigs, but IA30 virus did not cause any clinical symptoms except fever. Although both the pH1N1 viruses and the IA30 virus caused lung lesions, the pH1N1 viruses were shed from the nasal cavities of challenged pigs whereas the IA30 virus was not. Global gene expression analysis indicated that transcriptional responses of the viruses were distinct. pH1N1-infected pigs had an upregulation of genes related to inflammatory and immune responses at day 3 postinfection that was not seen in the IA30 infection, and expression levels of genes related to cell death and lipid metabolism at day 5 postinfection were markedly different from those of IA30 infection. These results indicate that both pH1N1 isolates are more virulent due in part to differences in the host transcriptional response during acute infection. Our study also indicates that pH1N1 does not need prior adaptation to infect pigs, has a high potential to be maintained in naïve swine populations, and might reassort with currently circulating swine influenza viruses.
Effects of distribution of muscle fiber length on active length‐force characteristics of rat gastrocnemius medialis

Background: The length‐force curve of mammalian skeletal muscle is often wider than expected on basis of the optimum length of the muscle fibers. Two important effects may explain this discrepancy: muscle pennation and distribution of fiber lengths in the muscle. In the present study of the effects of a Gaussian distribution of fiber lengths on muscle length‐force characteristics were investigated in rat gastrocnemius medialis.
Acculturation and breast-feeding intention and practice in Hispanic women on the US-Mexico border.

OBJECTIVES To explore the extent to which acculturation indicators predict both breast-feeding history and intentions among Mexican-American mothers having their first births, and among those having subsequent births. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey in a hospital post-partum unit. METHODS 3,036 Hispanic women were interviewed post-partum in their hospital room. A survey was administered in English or Spanish, and included questions about prenatal care, diet, work exposures, contraceptive use, and breast-feeding history and intentions. For the purposes of this study, acculturation was measured using a series of indicators including language spoken at home, language ability, country of birth, and country in which last schooling was received. RESULTS Previous breast-feeding was significantly associated with educational attainment, speaking both English and Spanish at home, having had prenatal care during the previous pregnancy, and with both country variables (country of birth and country where finished school). Women with less education, women who were single, and women who did not receive any prenatal care were less likely to intend to breast-feed than were women with a college education, women with a partner, and women who received any prenatal care. Women born in Mexico (for multiparous women), or having finished school in Mexico (for primiparous women), were more likely to intend to breast-feed. CONCLUSIONS Acculturation is associated with breast-feeding history and intention to breast-feed. Acculturation is a complex construct and traditional measures of acculturation based on language preference may not be as useful on the US-Mexico border. It is recommended that further study be conducted to determine what factors prevent women from breast-feeding, even though they intend to do so, especially in multi-cultural communities like those around the US-Mexico border.
The estrogen receptor as a mediator of the pathological actions of cholesterol in breast cancer

Abstract Despite increased survivorship among patients, breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women and is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The magnitude of this problem provides a strong impetus for new chemopreventative strategies and/or lifestyle changes that reduce cancer incidence. It is of significance, therefore, that several studies positively correlate obesity to the development of breast cancer. Importantly, obesity is also highly associated with elevated cholesterol, and cholesterol itself is a risk factor for breast cancer. Furthermore, patients taking statins demonstrate a lower breast cancer incidence and decreased recurrence. The recent observation that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is produced in a stoichiometric manner from cholesterol, together with our recent demonstration that it exerts partial agonist activity on both the estrogen and liver X receptors, suggested a potential mechanistic link between hyper-cholesterolemia and breast cancer incidence. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we have recently shown that elevation of circulating 27HC significantly increases tumor growth and metastasis in murine models of breast cancer. Further, we have demonstrated in appropriate animal models that the impact of high-fat diet on tumor pathogenesis can be mitigated by statins or by small molecule inhibitors of CYP27A1. These findings suggest that pharmacological or dietary modifications that lower total cholesterol, and by inference 27HC, are likely to reduce the impact of obesity/metabolic syndrome on breast cancer incidence.
Pulmonary hypertension predicts mortality in infants with omphalocele.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify predictors of mortality in infants with omphalocele. METHODS Medical records of infants with omphalocele born between January 1992 and June 2012, with follow-up toDecember 2012, were retrospectively reviewed. Survivors and non-survivors were compared. Evidence for pulmonary hypertension was sought between the second and seventh day after birth. All included infants had increased right ventricular pressures (RVP >40 mmhg) on echocardiogram on the second day of life with increased oxygen requirements, therefore, the finding of increased pressure was not considered a result of the transitional circulation. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the importance and independence of various factors. RESULTS Of 51 infants whose records were reviewed, 13 died (25%) and 38 survived (75%). The median time to death was 34 days (range: 4 -408 days). The median follow-up time for those who died was 1.5 years (range: 0.01-15 years) and for survivors was 2.6 years (range: 0.08-15 years). Logistic regression revealed that respiratory insufficiency at birth (OR: 14.8; 95% CI: 2.5-85.0) and pulmonary hypertension (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 1.1-39.0) were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION Respiratory insufficiency after birth and pulmonary hypertension are independent predictors of mortality in infants with omphalocele.
Yeast Population Dynamics during the Fermentation and Biological Aging of Sherry Wines

ABSTRACT Molecular and physiological analyses were used to study the evolution of the yeast population, from alcoholic fermentation to biological aging in the process of “fino” sherry wine making. The four races of “flor” Saccharomyces cerevisiae (beticus, cheresiensis, montuliensis, and rouxii) exhibited identical restriction patterns for the region spanning the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene, but this pattern was different, from those exhibited by non-florS. cerevisiae strains. This flor-specific pattern was detected only after wines were fortified, never during alcoholic fermentation, and all the strains isolated from the velum exhibited the typical flor yeast pattern. By restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA and karyotyping, we showed that (i) the native strain is better adapted to fermentation conditions than commercial strains; (ii) two different populations of S. cerevisiaestrains are involved in the process of elaboration, of fino sherry wine, one of which is responsible for must fermentation and the other, for wine aging; and (iii) one strain was dominant in the flor population integrating the velum from sherry wines produced in González Byass wineries, although other authors have described a succession of races of flor S. cerevisiae during wine aging. Analyzing all these results together, we conclude that yeast population dynamics during biological aging is a complex phenomenon and differences between yeast populations from different wineries can be observed.
Preventing Venous Thromboembolic Events After Total Hip Arthroplasty: New Developments in Clinical Practice

Abstract Total hip arthroplasty is a frequently performed orthopedic surgical procedure, and the number of these surgeries is expected to increase significantly over the coming years. Patients undergoing joint arthroplasty are at a particularly high risk for developing venous thromboembolic events (eg, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). Prevention of postoperative complications is an important responsibility not only for orthopedic surgeons, but also for other clinicians involved in patients' care. Effective thromboprophylaxis is crucial to reduce the risk of developing venous thromboembolism following total hip arthroplasty and is an important goal of therapy. In response to some of the practical limitations of traditional anticoagulants, a new generation of oral anticoagulants has been developed. These agents include the selective factor Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban and apixaban, and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate. The objective of this review article is to update hospitalists on the trial data and clinical considerations surrounding the new anticoagulants. Hospitalists play a key role in caring for surgical patients either in a consultative role or in conjunction with surgical teams. Thus, a practical knowledge of recent developments in thromboprophylaxis is essential for providing high-quality, evidence-based care.
Intersecting literacy beliefs and practices with heritage and non-heritage learners' instruction: a case study of a novice Korean language instructor

concepts and theories through inductive processes of comparing data across with code, category, and concept (Charmaz, 2014; Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Harding, 2006; Lincoln & Guba, 1985; Palmberger & Gingrich; 2014). In this study, data collected from multiple sources of information including a survey, interviews, and classroom observations were analyzed to address the research questions about teacher’s beliefs and instruction to HLLs. First, transcription of audio-­‐recorded initial interviews and scoring of the literacy orientation survey (LOS) took place as they became available. All data, including interview transcripts, audio-­‐recordings of teacher interview, and videotaped classroom