Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of DNA mismatch repair genetic polymorphisms in the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Summary. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Genetic variants in the coding regions of the mismatch repair genes MLH1 (Ile‐219Val) and MSH3 (Arg‐940Glu and Thr‐1036Ala) could contribute to an individual's susceptibility as modifiers in leukaemogenesis. To investigate this possibility, we conducted a case–control study on 287 children with ALL and 320 healthy controls both of French–Canadian origin. MLH1 and MSH3 variants, when taken independently, seemed to play little or no role in the aetiology of childhood ALL. However, when the MLH1 genotypes were combined with genotypes previously shown to influence ALL susceptibility, we found that the MLH1 variant Val‐219 further increases the risk of GSTM1 null and CYP1A1*2A genotypes [combined odds ratio (OR) = 6·0, P = 0·002] as well as that of CYP2E1*5 (OR = 15·8, P = 0·001). No association was found with MSH3 variants. This study suggests an association of leukaemogenesis in children with both xenobiotic metabolism and DNA repair, and thus points to the effect of environmental exposure.
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR RESPONSE DEPRIVATION , REINFORCEMENT , AND ECONOMICS

Reinforcement of an instrumental response results not from a special kind of response consequence known as a reinforcer, but from a special kind of schedule known as a response-deprivation schedule. Under the requirements of a response-deprivation schedule, the baseline rate of the instrumental response permits less than the baseline rate of the contingent response. Because reinforcement occurs only if the schedule deprives the organism of the contingent response, reinforcement cannot result from any intrinsic property of the contingent response or any property relative to the instrumental response. Two typical effects of response-deprivation schedules-facilitation of the instrumental response and suppression of the contingent response-are discussed in terms of economic concepts and models of instrumental performance. It is suggested that response deprivation makes the contingent response function as an economic good, the instrumental response as currency.
CÁLCULO DOS CUSTOS DOS PROCEDIMENTOS MÉDICOS HOSPITALARES EM HOSPITAIS BRASILEIROS

O contexto do setor saude no Brasil torna a gestao de custos uma ferramenta imprescindivel. Para negociar um procedimento medico hospitalar, um hospital precisa saber quanto lhe custa este procedimento . Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e apresentar o calculo dos custos do procedimento medico hospitalar parto cesarea em seis hospitais brasileiros que utilizam o metodo de custeio das secoes homogeneas. O custo de um procedimento e obtido atraves do somatorio dos custos dos centros produtivos, obtido atraves do metodo de custeio das secoes homogeneas mais os custos dos materiais e medicamentos. As variacoes nos dados apurados nos hospitais pesquisados se devem ao perfil de atendimento, a taxa de ocupacao, a ociosidade, muitas vezes elevada, ao valor da compra dos materiais e medicamento e, principalmente, ao custo com pessoal. A determinacao do custo por procedimento e util para estabelecer o preco medio de cada procedimento medico; estimar os custos de negociacao de pacotes; determinar a margem bruta dos procedimentos medicos hospitalares e as margens brutas associadas as especialidades medicas; estimar a rentabilidade dos procedimentos medico hospitalares e das especialidades medicas; e confrontar com o valor faturado do custo do procedimento medico hospitalar.
Outcomes of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Elderly

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly and to define characteristics of elderly patients for whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation is effective. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Five Boston health-care institutions: two acute-care hospitals; two chronic-care hospitals; and one long-term-care institution. PATIENTS Five hundred and three consecutive patients aged 70 and over who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 503 patients, 112 (22%) survived initially but only 19 (3.8%) survived to hospital discharge. The poorest outcomes were for patients with unwitnessed arrests (1 of 116 survived), terminal arrhythmias such as asystole and electromechanical dissociation (1 of 237 survived), and patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation lasting more than 15 minutes (1 of 360 survived). Only 2 (0.8%; CI, 0.0% to 2.0%) of 244 patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrests left the hospital alive. Of 259 patients with in-hospital arrests, 17 (6.5%; CI, 3.4% to 9.6%) survived to discharge. Most survivors had ventricular arrhythmias and were resuscitated within minutes. Initial survivors with either impaired consciousness or functional impairment after the arrest had significantly worse chances of survival than patients without these impairments. CONCLUSION Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is rarely effective for elderly patients with cardiopulmonary arrests that are either out-of-hospital, unwitnessed, or associated with asystole or electromechanical dissociation.
A fault-tolerant air data/inertial reference system

The air data inertial reference system (ADIRS) described consists of a fault-tolerant air data inertial reference unit, a secondary air data attitude reference unit, and six air data modules. The ADIRS replaces the conventional inertial reference and air data systems and uses ARINC 629 bi-directional serial digital data bus interfaces. The ADIRS is designed to be the inertial and air data reference for the ARINC 651 integrated modular avionics (IMA) distributed architecture and provides low life cycle cost and high availability through high reliability, simple high integrity monitoring and deferred maintenance. <<ETX>>
Estimates of Time to Contact Based on Changing Size and Changing Target Vergence

Apparent constant-velocity approaches of an outline circle were generated by changing the size and/or the lateral separation of dichoptically presented circles at a physically constant distance from subjects. The lateral separation of the circles defines target vergence which corresponds proximally to combinations of ocular vergence and (absolute) retinal disparity. In the first experiment, estimates of time to contact were found to depend both on changing size and on changing target vergence; in the case of conflicting information, changing size turned out to be the more powerful stimulus. In the second experiment, the size of the stimulus object was varied. The relatively stronger influence of changing size on estimates of time to contact was again found for the larger stimulus objects, but for the smaller stimulus objects changing target vergence became more powerful. The results of both experiments show that estimates of time to contact are not uniquely determined by changing size, as seems to be implied by some tests of the so-called ‘tau hypothesis’, but that they are based on multiple sources of information that have situationally specific effects on the estimates.
Observations on the Effect of Movement on Bone Ingrowth into Porous‐Surfaced Implants

Although porous-surfaced orthopedic implants have been designed for fixation by bone ingrowth, there is clinical evidence that this does not always occur. Initial implant movement relative to host bone can result in attachment by a nonmineralized fibrous connective tissue layer. The ranges of movement that result in either bone or fibrous connective tissue fixation are observed in dogs in two independent studies. Experimentally, bone ingrowth can occur in the presence of some movement, albeit very small (up to 28 μ), while excess movement (150 μ or more) can result in attachment by mature connective tissue ingrowth.
trees duplication , loss , and deep coalescence using labeled coalescent Most parsimonious reconciliation in the presence of gene Material

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2014/01/07/gr.161968. 113.DC1. html P<P Published online December 5, 2013 in advance of the print journal. Open Access Open Access option. Genome Research Freely available online through the License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at , is available under a Creative Commons Genome Research This article, published in Service Email Alerting click here. top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the
p53 Protein and Ki-67 Overexpression in Urothelial Dysplasia of Bladder

Mutated tumor suppression gene p53 is a common genetic abnormality in most papillary or invasive transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). In these cases, overexpression of p53 protein is detectable in nuclei by immunohistochemical methods. Nuclear antigen Ki-67, a marker of cellular proliferation, has been shown to correlate with the growth of many human neoplasms, including TCC. Since overexpression of p53 protein and increased Ki-67 proliferative activity have been a consistent finding in TCC, p53 and Ki-67 expression may be used as markers of urothelial cells with significant genetic alterations. In this study, the authors have investigated whether there is increased p53 and Ki-67 expression in varying grades of urothelial dysplasia. Staining for p53 and Ki-67 using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections was performed using a Dako Autostainer, followed by counting positive cells using an automatic cellular imaging system (ACIS). The high-grade dysplasia/CIS group (n = 16) had a similar high percentage and intensity of p53 staining (45.3 ± 4.3%; 28.2 ± 6.1 arbitrary units [AU]) as the TCC group (n = 16, 53.6 ± 3.9%; 36.8 ± 5.7 AU), but revealed a significantly higher percentage and intensity of p53 staining than the low-grade dysplasia (n = 14, 25.6 ± 3.3%; 12.2 ± 2.0 AU) and benign group (n = 10, 10.0 ± 3.3%; 5.8 ± 1.7 AU). Percentage of p53-positive cells counted by ACIS was similar to that obtained by manual counting. In addition, expression of Ki-67 in all four groups paralleled p53 expression. The authors' data showing overexpression of p53 and Ki-67 in high-grade urothelial dysplasia/CIS similar to that observed in TCC support the notion that high-grade urothelial dysplasia/CIS is a precursor of invasive TCC.
O turnaround da Bunge nos anos 90

A longevidade empresarial A© um assunto central em estratA©gia empresarial. As empresas de maior longevidade sA£o as que superaram a tendAancia para a inA©rcia e para se concentrarem na replicaA§A£o do que sempre fizeram e conseguem operar mudanA§as estratA©gicas profundas. Estas mudanA§as podem incluir a reconfiguraA§A£o da sua carteira de competAancias e negA³cios e a passagem de testemunho para uma gestA£o profissional. Fazer as mudanA§as internas e recuperar descreve um processo de turnaround. Neste artigo ilustramos o processo de turnaround da Bunge Limited, na dA©cada de 90. Ultrapassadas as dificuldades a empresa assumiu a lideranA§a mundial em diversos segmentos do agronegA³cio. O objetivo A© compreender como as empresas se podem reestruturar e recuperar de crises, com um foco particular sobre como a empresa reconfigura a sua carteira de negA³cios e de recursos, identifica os elementos estratA©gicos e a forma como faz a alocaA§A£o dos recursos. A fundamentaA§A£o teA³rica se concentrou no processo de turnaround empresarial e nos recursos utilizados durante o processo, segundo a abordagem da RBV.
The turnpike property for dynamic discrete time zero-sum games

We consider a class of dynamic discrete-time two-player zero-sum games. We show that for a generic cost function and each initial state, there exists a pair of overtaking equilibria strategies over an infinite horizon. We also establish that for a generic cost function f, there exists a pair of stationary equilibria strategies (xf,yf) such that each pair of “approximate” equilibria strategies spends almost all of its time in a small neighborhood of (xf,yf).
Clinical experience of surgical intervention for severe acute pancreatitis

Background The controversy on the treatment strategy for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has never stopped for the past century. Even now surgical procedures play a decisive role in the treatment of SAP, especially in managing the related complications, but the rational indications, timing, and approaches of surgical intervention for SAP are still inconclusive. Methods Clinical data of 308 SAP patients recruited during January 2000‐January 2013, including 96 conservatively treated cases plus 212 surgically intervened cases, were comparatively analyzed. Based on the initial surgical intervention time, the surgical intervention group was split into two: early intervention group (within 2 weeks) 103 cases, and late intervention group (after 2 weeks) 109 cases. Results In the conservative treatment group, the cure rate was 82.29% (79/96), the death rate was 13.54% (13/96), and 4 cases self‐discharged, while in the surgical intervention group, the cure rate was 84.43% (179/212) and the death rate was 10.85% (23/212) with 10 cases self‐discharged. The difference was of no statistical significance between these two groups (P >0.05). In surgical intervention group, the death rate 15.53% (16/103) in the early surgical intervention group was higher than that of late surgical intervention group 6.42% (7/109), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Both conservative treatment and surgical intervention play important roles in the treatment of SAP, and the indication, timing, and procedure should be strictly followed. Surgery earlier than 2 weeks after onset of the disease is not recommended in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis only when there are specific indications, such as multiple organ failure, which does not improve despite active treatment, and in those who develop abdominal compartment syndrome.
The Effect of a Telephone Counseling Intervention on Self-Rated Health of Cardiac Patients

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention on psychological distress among patients with cardiac illness. Methods: We recruited hospitalized patients surviving an acute coronary syndrome with scores on the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) indicating mild to severe depression and/or anxiety at 1 month postdischarge. Recruited patients were randomized into either an intervention or control group. Intervention patients received up to six 30-minute telephone-counseling sessions focused on identifying cardiac-related fears. Control patients received usual care. For both groups, we collected patients’ responses to the HADS and to the Global Improvement (CGI-I) subscale of the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale at baseline and at 2, 3, and 6 months postbaseline using Interactive Voice Recognition (IVR) technologies. We used mixed-effects analysis to estimate patients’ changes in CGI-I measures over the three time points of data collection postbaseline. Results: We enrolled 100 patients, and complete CGI-I measures were collected for 79 study patients. The mean age was 60 years (standard deviation = 10), and 67% of the patients were male. A mixed-effects analysis confirmed that patients in the intervention group had significantly greater improvements in self-rated health (SRH) between baseline and month 3 than the control group (p = .01). Between month 3 and month 6, no significant differences in SRH improvements were observed between the control and intervention groups. Conclusions: Study patients reported greater SRH improvement resulting from the telephone-based intervention compared with control subjects. Future research should include additional outcome measures to determine the effect of changes in SRH on patients with comorbid physical and emotional disorders. ACS = acute coronary syndrome; ADL = activities of daily living; CAD = coronary artery disease; CGI = Clinical Global Impressions Scale; CGI-I = Global Improvement subscale of the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale; ENRICHD = Enhancing Recovery in Heart Disease Patients trial; HADS = Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale; HTS = Healthcare Technology Systems; ICD-9 = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition; IRB = Institutional Review Boards; IVR = interactive voice recognition; MI = myocardial infarction; SADHART = the Sertraline Antidepressant Heart Attack Randomized Trial; SRH = self-rated health.
Identification and referral of patients with progressive CKD: a national study.

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether primary care physicians (PCPs) and nephrologists differ in their recognition of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), agree on diagnostic and referral strategies, and identify similar barriers to caring for patients. METHODS We conducted a national study of PCPs and nephrologists in the United States through a questionnaire describing a PCP caring for a patient with progressing CKD and questions to assess recognition of kidney dysfunction and approaches to diagnostic evaluation and referral. We identified participant and patient characteristics independently associated with CKD recognition and referral. RESULTS We randomly identified a national sample of 304 physicians (126 nephrologists [39% response rate], 89 family physicians [28% response rate], and 89 general internists [28% response rate]). PCPs recognized CKD less (adjusted percentage, 59%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 47 to 69, family physicians; adjusted percentage, 78%; 95% CI, 67 to 86, general internists; adjusted percentage, 97%; 95% CI, 93 to 99, nephrologists; P < 0.01), differed from nephrologists in their recommendations for diagnostic testing, and recommended referral less (adjusted percentage, 76%; 95% CI, 65 to 84, family physicians; adjusted percentage, 81%; 95% CI, 70 to 89, general internists; adjusted percentage, 99%; 95% CI, 95 to 100, nephrologists; P < 0.01). PCPs differed from nephrologists in their expected intensity of specialists' involvement in care (16%, family physicians; 20%, general internists; 6%, nephrologists recommending nephrologist input monthly to every 6 months; P = 0.01). Lack of awareness of clinical practice guidelines and lack of clinical and administrative resources were identified as important barriers to care. CONCLUSION PCPs recognize and recommend specialist care for progressive CKD less than nephrologists and differ in their clinical evaluations and expectations for referral. Improved dissemination of existing guidelines and targeted education in conjunction with efforts to build consensus among PCPs and nephrologists regarding their roles in the care of patients with CKD, including the collaborative development of clinical practice guidelines, could enhance patient care.
Coordination of suck‐swallow and swallow respiration in preterm infants

Safe oral feeding of infants necessitates the coordination of suck‐swallow‐breathe. Healthy full‐term infants demonstrate such skills at birth. But, preterm infants are known to have difficulty in the transition from tube to oral feeding. Aim: To examine the relationship between suck and swallow and between swallow and breathe. It is hypothesized that greater milk transfer results from an increase in bolus size and/or swallowing frequency, and an improved swallow‐breathe interaction. Methods: Twelve healthy preterm (<30 wk of gestation) and 8 full‐term infants were recruited. Sucking (suction and expression), swallowing, and respiration were recorded simultaneously when the preterm infants began oral feeding (i.e. taking 1–2 oral feedings/d) and at 6–8 oral feedings/d. The full‐term infants were similarly monitored during their first and 2nd to 4th weeks. Rate of milk transfer (ml/min) was used as an index of oral feeding performance. Sucking and swallowing frequencies (#/min), average bolus size (ml), and suction amplitude (mmHg) were measured. Results: The rate of milk transfer in the preterm infants increased over time and was correlated with average bolus size and swallowing frequency. Average bolus size was not correlated with swallowing frequency. Bolus size was correlated with suction amplitude, whereas the frequency of swallowing was correlated with sucking frequency. Preterm infants swallowed preferentially at different phases of respiration than those of their full‐term counterparts.
PROPAGATION OF PARTIALLY COHERENT BEAM IN TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE: A REVIEW (Invited Review)

Partially coherent beam is preferred in many applications, such as free-space optical communications, remote sensing, active laser radar systems, etc., due to its resistance to the deleterious effects of atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, after presenting a historical overview on propagation of optical beams in turbulent atmosphere, we describe the basic theory for treating the propagation of optical beams in turbulent atmosphere and we mainly introduce recent theoretical and experimental developments on propagation of partially coherent beam in turbulent atmosphere. Recent progress on the interaction of a partially coherent beam with a semirough target in turbulent atmosphere and the corresponding inverse problem are also reviewed.
Subsidiarité et collectivités territoriales : étude sur la subsidiarisation des rapports entre État et collectivités en droit public français

La place susceptible d’etre occupee par la subsidiarite dans la definition des rapports entre Etat et collectivites territoriales fait l’objet d’un debat doctrinal nourri. Pendant longtemps, la majorite de la doctrine parait avoir considere ce concept comme absolument incompatible au droit public francais, arguant de la forme unitaire de l’Etat, qui cantonne l’evolution du rapport de l’Etat aux collectivites a une decentralisation supposant par nature un mouvement inverse a la subsidiarite. Cette position a ete serieusement entamee par la consecration d’un principe inspire de cette derniere par la revision constitutionnelle de 2003, qui doit etre vue comme une invitation au renouvellement de la reflexion sur la nature du rapport du droit francais a ce concept. Confronter la maniere dont le droit organise les rapports entre Etat et collectivites au principe de subsidiarite suppose l’adoption d’un positionnement particulier. La solution reside dans un usage original de la subsidiarite qui, plutot que d’etre envisagee dans une logique prescriptive, doit etre apprehendee comme un outil descriptif et analytique. L’ambition est alors davantage de faire de la subsidiarite un etalon auquel confronter l’evolution du droit que de chercher a faire d’elle un principe directeur des relations entre Etat et collectivites. Il s’agit alors de montrer que si, prises dans une acception synchronique axee sur leur seule definition par le droit positif, certaines notions traditionnelles regissant le droit des collectivites territoriales paraissent s’opposer a l’epanouissement de la subsidiarite, cette impossibilite peut etre levee, ou a tout le moins fortement moderee, par l’observation des mouvements connus par ces memes notions dans une optique diachronique, grâce a laquelle peut etre mise en evidence l’irreductible tendance du droit a se rapprocher des exigences inherentes au principe de subsidiarite. Ceci revient alors a plonger la situation des rapports entre Etat et collectivites dans un bain conceptuel qui, s’il parait a priori relativement etranger aux structures normatives du droit positif francais, parait cependant caracteriser une forme latente et inconsciente de son evolution, dans l’observation de laquelle la doctrine pourrait trouver de nouvelles cles de description du droit positif qui permettraient de depasser les butoirs de ses cadres analytiques traditionnels.