Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Annual American Men’s Internet Survey of Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Key Indicators Report 2018

The American Men’s Internet Survey (AMIS) is an annual web-based behavioral survey conducted in the United States of men who have sex with men (MSM). This rapid surveillance report describes the sixth cycle of data collection (September-December 2018; AMIS 2018). The key indicators were the same as those previously reported for past AMIS cycles. The AMIS methodology has not substantively changed since AMIS 2017. MSM were recruited from a variety of websites using banner advertisements and email blasts. In addition, participants from AMIS 2017 who agreed to be recontacted for future research were emailed a link to AMIS 2018. Men were eligible to participate if they were aged ≥15 years, resided in the United States, provided a valid US ZIP code, and reported ever having sex with a man or identified as gay or bisexual. The analysis was limited to those who reported having oral or anal sex with a male partner in the past 12 months. We examined demographic and recruitment characteristics using multivariable regression modeling (P<.05) stratified by the participants’ self-reported HIV status. The AMIS 2018 round of data collection resulted in 10,129 completed surveys from MSM representing every US state, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Most participants were non-Hispanic White, aged between 15 and 24 years, living in urban areas in the southern United States, and recruited from general social networking websites. The plurality (4230/10,129, 41.76%) of participants was in the youngest age group, 15-24 years, followed by the 40 years and older age group (3088/10,129, 30.49%). The self-reported HIV prevalence was 6.08% (616/10,129). Compared with HIV-negative or unknown status participants, HIV-positive participants were more likely to have had anal sex without a condom with a male partner in the past 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.63-2.50) and more likely to have had anal sex without a condom with a serodiscordant or an unknown status partner (aOR 3.90, 95% CI 3.27-4.66). The reported use of marijuana in the past 12 months was higher among HIV-positive participants than among HIV-negative or unknown status participants (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15-1.68). The reported use of methamphetamines and other illicit substances in the past 12 months was higher among HIV-positive participants than among HIV-negative or unknown status participants (aOR 3.42, 95% CI 2.41-4.87 and aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.56-2.32, respectively). Most HIV-negative or unknown status participants (6838/9513, 71.88%) reported ever taking an HIV test previously, and 52.51% (4995/9513) of the participants reported undergoing HIV testing in the past 12 months. HIV-positive participants were more likely to report testing and diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections than HIV-negative or unknown status participants (aOR 3.50, 95% CI 2.89-4.24 and aOR 2.61, 95% CI 2.10-3.25, respectively).
Methyl Bromide Diffusion and Emission through Soil Columns under Various Management Techniques

The proposed phaseout of methyl bromide (MeBr) in 2001, while undertaken for environmental reasons, has important economic implications. At the present time, very little is known about how much MeBr escapes from fumigated soils into the atmosphere, or about methods for reducing this loss in an economically feasible manner. In this study we report the results of a series of experiments on MeBr diffusion and emission through soil columns under various management techniques. Column experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of commonly used polyethylene films in preventing MeBr emission into the atmosphere, and were analyzed with a mathematical model to estimate the soil gas diffusion coefficient (D g s ) and the mass transfer coefficients (h) for different polyethylene films. Additional experiments were then conducted to evaluate the effect of adding various amounts of irrigation water after injection and tarping on total MeBr emission into the atmosphere. The films were found to be only marginally effective in preventing MeBr emission from fumigated soils, while irrigating and then covering the soil with the film was much more effective in reducing MeBr loss.
CO-TOXICITY STUDY OF IMIDACLOPRID AND A SYNERGIST PBO ON ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) FOR BIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF STORED GRAINS AND CEREALS

To investigate the co-toxicity and co-efficient activity of imadacloprid (imitaf 20EC), a neonicotinoid and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) against Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Dose mortality test was done by the residual film assay technique. Statistically the dose mortality relationship was expressed as a median lethal dose (LD50) by the probit analysis. The regression lines and isoboles were drawn using the Fig-P (Biosoft) package. The Coefficient values showed that all ratios of imadacloprid and piperonyl butoxide offered synergistic action to both larvae and adult. We observed that the toxicity of the imadacloprid was decreased as the ratio (amount) of PBO was increased. The individual LD50 value of imadacloprid for adult is 0. 6803µgcm -2 . But in the mixture, the share of imadacloprid are 0.0506, 0.0559, 0.0531 and 0. 0405µgcm -2 at ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5; 1:10 when PBO causes reduction of dose level of 92.56%, 91.78%, 92.19% and 94.04% respectively. In case of larvae the individual LD50 value of imadacloprid is 0. 5168µgcm -2 . But in the mixture, the share of imadacloprid are 0.0568, 0.0297, 0.0241 and 0. 0185µgcm -2 at ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5; 1:10 when PBO causes reduction of dose level of 89%, 94.25%, 95.33% and 96.42% respectively. The study
Nanometals-Containing Polymeric Membranes for Purification Processes

A recent trend in the field of membrane research is the incorporation of nanoparticles into polymeric membranes, which could produce synergistic effects when using different types of materials. This paper discusses the effect of the introduction of different nanometals such as silver, iron, silica, aluminum, titanium, zinc, and copper and their oxides on the permeability, selectivity, hydrophilicity, conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and antiviral and antibacterial properties of polymeric membranes. The effects of nanoparticle physicochemical properties, type, size, and concentration on a membrane’s intrinsic properties such as pore morphology, porosity, pore size, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, membrane surface charge, and roughness are discussed, and the performance of nanocomposite membranes in terms of flux permeation, contaminant rejection, and antifouling capability are reviewed. The wide range of nanocomposite membrane applications including desalination and removal of various contaminants in water-treatment processes are discussed.
Anomalous influenza seasonality in the United States and the emergence of novel influenza B viruses

Significance Influenza A viruses are known for persistent change that allows them to reinfect individuals. Recently, influenza B viruses have shown accelerated rates of evolutionary change, but their epidemiological consequences are not understood. We use quantitative methods to explore whether the unusually early start of the US 2019/2020 influenza B season relates to changes in the structure of influenza B/Victoria viruses. A combination of simulation studies and model-fitting exercises demonstrate that atypical 2019 influenza dynamics are better explained by changes in virus transmissibility and population susceptibility than by a competitive interaction between influenza A and B. Anticipating the timing of influenza A and influenza B epidemics could improve vaccination schedules, so that individuals have protection throughout the influenza season. The 2019/2020 influenza season in the United States began earlier than any season since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, with an increase in influenza-like illnesses observed as early as August. Also noteworthy was the numerical domination of influenza B cases early in this influenza season, in contrast to their typically later peak in the past. Here, we dissect the 2019/2020 influenza season not only with regard to its unusually early activity, but also with regard to the relative dynamics of type A and type B cases. We propose that the recent expansion of a novel influenza B/Victoria clade may be associated with this shift in the composition and kinetics of the influenza season in the United States. We use epidemiological transmission models to explore whether changes in the effective reproduction number or short-term cross-immunity between these viruses can explain the dynamics of influenza A and B seasonality. We find support for an increase in the effective reproduction number of influenza B, rather than support for cross-type immunity-driven dynamics. Our findings have clear implications for optimal vaccination strategies.
Longitudinal Multi-Parametric Liquid Biopsy Approach Identifies Unique Features of Circulating Tumor Cell, Extracellular Vesicle, and Cell-Free DNA Characterization for Disease Monitoring in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

Dynamics of mRNA from circulating tumor cells (CTCs), mRNA from extracellular vesicles (EVs), and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) were assessed to examine the relevance of a longitudinal multi-parametric liquid biopsy strategy. Eighteen milliliters of blood was drawn from 27 hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients at disease progression and at two subsequent radiologic staging time points. CTC mRNA and EV mRNA were analyzed using multi-marker qPCR, and cfDNA was analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). The presence of ERBB2 or ERBB3 overexpression signals in CTCs significantly correlated with disease progression (87% specificity, 36% sensitivity, p-value = 0.023), and the presence of either ERBB3 signals in CTCs or EVs or cfDNA variants in ERBB3 also showed a significant association with progressive MBC. Fluctuations during treatment were detected in the EV fraction with the appearance of hitherto undetected ERCC1 signals correlating with progressive disease (97% specificity, 18% sensitivity, p-value = 0.030). Allele frequency development of ESR1 and PIK3CA variants detected at subsequent staging time points could be used as a predictor for therapy success and, importantly, might help guide therapy decisions. The three analytes, each with their own unique features for disease monitoring, were shown to be complementary, underlining the usefulness of the longitudinal multi-parametric liquid biopsy approach.
Analysis of proteolytic processing sites in potyvirus polyproteins revealed differential amino acid preferences of NIa-Pro protease in each of seven cleavage sites

Potyviruses encode a large polyprotein that undergoes proteolytic processing, producing 10 mature proteins: P1, HC-Pro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb-RdRp, and CP. While P1/HC-Pro and HC-Pro/P3 junctions are cleaved by P1 and HC-Pro, respectively, the remaining seven are processed by NIa-Pro. In this study, we analyzed 135 polyprotein sequences from approved potyvirus species and deduced the consensus amino acid residues at five positions (from −4 to +1, where a protease cleaves between −1 and +1) in each of nine cleavage sites. In general, the newly deduced consensus sequences were consistent with the previous ones. However, seven NIa-Pro cleavage sites showed distinct amino acid preferences despite being processed by the same protease. At position −2, histidine was the dominant amino acid residue in most cleavage sites (57.8–60.7% of analyzed sequences), except for the NIa-Pro/NIb-RdRp junction where it was absent. At position −1, glutamine was highly dominant in most sites (88.2–97.8%), except for the VPg/NIa-Pro junction where glutamic acid was found in all the analyzed proteins (100%). At position +1, serine was the most abundant residue (47.4–86.7%) in five out of seven sites, while alanine (52.6%) and glycine (82.2%) were the most abundant in the P3/6K1 and 6K2/VPg junctions, respectively. These findings suggest that each NIa-Pro cleavage site is finely tuned for differential characteristics of proteolytic reactions. The newly deduced consensus sequences may be useful resources for the development of models and methods to accurately predict potyvirus polyprotein processing sites.
An Electrochemical Amperometric Ethylene Sensor with Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Ionic Liquid

An electrochemical amperometric ethylene sensor with solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and semi-planar three electrode topology involving a working, pseudoreference, and counter electrode is presented. The polymer electrolyte is based on the ionic liquid 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMIM][NTf2] immobilized in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix. An innovative aerosol-jet printing technique was used to deposit the gold working electrode (WE) on the solid polymer electrolyte layer to make a unique electrochemical active SPE/WE interface. The analyte, gaseous ethylene, was detected by oxidation at 800 mV vs. the platinum pseudoreference electrode. The sensor parameters such as sensitivity, response/recovery time, repeatability, hysteresis, and limits of detection and quantification were determined and their relation to the morphology and microstructure of the SPE/WE interface examined. The use of additive printing techniques for sensor preparation demonstrates the potential of polymer electrolytes with respect to the mass production of printed electrochemical gas sensors.
High Early Mortality in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Results from the Inception Cohort at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India.

OBJECTIVES We determined the mortality along with the proportion of disease related adverse events measured individually and by a composite adverse outcome (devised by including deaths, disability, relapses, and minimal response) and its predictors in an inception cohort of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM). METHODS IIM from the MyoCite cohort (December 2017-19) were reviewed for early outcomes (mortality, IMACS core set). Comparisons were drawn between those meeting the primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS Of 70 patients [62 adults, M: F = 1:4.8, age 43 (28.5-51) and 8 children, M: F = 1:1, 14.5 (8.8-16)], Dermatomyositis (DM) was the most common subset (29,41.4% adults; 7,87.5% children). Over 10 (4-15) months, 10 (15.2%) died and four Polymyositis were reclassified. One-year survival for anti- Melanoma Differentiation Antigen 5 (MDA5) subtype was 30% and Anti-synthetase Syndrome (ARS) subtype was 75%. Overall, lower respiratory infections were the most common cause of death (n = 3,30%) followed closely by malignancy and Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease (RP ILD). Amongst survivors, a major IMACS response was recorded in 54.5% adults and 100% children. 30% suffered from moderate to severe disability and 16.7% experienced relapses. Overall, two-thirds accrued the composite adverse outcome.In a multivariate analysis, older age and anti-MDA5 predicted mortality. Arthritis, rash, and positive ANA reduced and anti-MDA5 increased the risk for the composite adverse outcome. CONCLUSION Indian patients with IIM suffer high early mortality attributable to infection, cancer and RP-ILD, calling for high vigilance post-diagnosis. Autoantibodies and certain clinical features identify risk for composite adverse outcomes.
Anti–Cytosolic 5′‐Nucleotidase 1A Autoantibodies Are Absent in Juvenile Dermatomyositis

To assess anti–cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (anti–cN‐1A) autoantibodies in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and healthy controls, using 3 different methods of antibody detection, as well as verification of the results in an independent cohort.
Association of MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G Gene Polymorphisms with Iranian Male Infertility and Its Effect on Seminal Folate and Vitamin B12

Background The relation between key enzymes in regulation of folate metabolism and male infertility is the subject of numerous studies. We aimed to determine whether 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G genotypes are associated with male infertility in Iranian men and to evaluate its effect on seminal levels of folate and vitamin B12. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, semen and peripheral blood samples were collected from 254 men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and 77 normozoospermic men who attended Avicenna infertility clin- ic. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was carried out in genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G gene poly- morphisms. Results In MTHFR C677T, our founding showed that T carrier was conversely lower in OAT than normozoospermic men (χ2-test=7.245, P=0.02) whereas in MTRR A66G, A and G carrier showed no significant difference between the two groups (χ2-test=1.079, P=0.53). The concentration of seminal folate was not different between normozoospermic (18.83 ± 17.1 ng/ ml) and OAT (16.96 ± 14.2 ng/ml) men (P=0.47). The concentration of vitamin B12 was slightly higher in normozospermic men (522.6 ± 388.1 pg/ml) compared to OAT men (412.9 ± 303.6 pg/ml, P=0.058). Conclusion The MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G have no effect on the concentrations of seminal folate and vitamin B12. The present study showed that two SNPs of MTRR A66G and MTHFR C677T cannot be seen as a risk factor for male factor subfertility.
Preparation and Properties of Polymer-Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

1: A solution of hydroquinone (6.5 g, 59 mmol), 1-chlorooctane (20 mL, 118 mmol), and K2CO3 (32.6 g, 236 mmol) in DMF (240 mL) was heated for 5 d at 90°C. The product was isolated by extraction with light petroleum, washed with H2O, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated to afford 1 as white solid (14 g, 71%). M.p. 56-57°C (light petroleum); 1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 6.82 (s, 1H), 3.89 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (p, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (p, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.31-1.28 (m, 8H), 0.88 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 153.2, 115.4, 68.7, 31.8, 29.4, 29.2, 26.0, 22.6, 14.1.
Temporal changes in total and hippocampal brain volume and cognitive function in patients with chronic heart failure—the COGNITION.MATTERS-HF cohort study

Abstract Aims We quantified the concurring dynamics affecting total and hippocampal brain volume and cognitive function in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) over a period of three years. Methods and results A total of 148 patients with mild stable HF entered this monocentric prospective cohort study: mean age 64.5 (10.8) years; 16.2% female; 77% in New York Heart Association functional classes I–II; 128 and 105 patients attended follow-up visits after 1 and 3 years, respectively. The assessment included cardiological, neurological, psychological work-up, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Total and regional brain volumes were quantified using an operator-independent fully automated approach and reported normalized to the mean estimated intracranial volume. At baseline, the mean hippocampal volume was ∼13% lower than expected. However, the 3-year progressive hippocampal volume loss was small: −62 mm3 [95% confidence interval (CI) −81 to −42, P < 0.0001). This corresponded to a relative change of −1.8% (95% CI −2.3 to −1.2), which was similar in magnitude as observed with physiological aging. Moreover, the load of white matter hypointensities increased within the limits of normal aging. Cognitive function during the 3-year observation period remained stable, with ‘intensity of attention’ as the only domain declining (LSmean −1.82 points, 95% CI −3.05 to −0.58, P = 0.004). After 3 years, performance in all domains of cognition remained associated with hippocampal volume (r ≥ 0.29). Conclusion In patients with predominantly mild HF, the markedly reduced hippocampal volume observed at baseline was associated with impaired cognitive function, but no accelerated deterioration in cognition and brain atrophy became evident over a mid-term period of three years.
Electrospun acid–base pair solid dispersions of quercetin

In this work, electrospinning was used to fabricate core–shell nanofibers containing acid–base pairs. Quercetin was used as a model active ingredient. To exploit its solubility in basic conditions, a solution of quercetin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium hydroxide was used as the core fluid, and one consisting of citric acid and PVP as the shell fluid. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that core–shell nanofibers with linear morphologies were obtained, without beads or spindles. X-ray diffraction showed that quercetin was present in the fibers in an amorphous state; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated this may be a result of hydrogen bonding between the drug and the polymer matrix. In in vitro dissolution tests the drug was found to be released immediately when the fibers encountered an aqueous medium. There was no change in the pH of the medium after dissolution, as a result of the presence of the acid–base pair. This provides a new strategy for improving the dissolution behavior of poorly water-soluble drugs using polymeric nanostructures.
Landslide susceptibility assessment using the Weight of Evidence method: A case study in Xunyang area, China

The aim of this study is to provide a landslide susceptibility map of the Xunyang District of a mountainous terrain, at the southern part of the Qin-Ba Mountain Region, which has been highly exposed to widely distributed shallow landslides over the past few decades. The Weight of Evidence (WoE) method was adopted in this research considering both the presence of a certain landslide causative factor class and the absence of remaining classes, which was used for determining a clearly spatial correlation between a landslide occurrence and the causative factors. Intrinsic factors, including geomorphological factors, geological factors, and river flow networks, and external factors of anthropogenic engineering activities in terms of density of road network were all considered and involved in the Geological Information System (GIS) environment for reconstructing the thematic layers of factor dataset. Significant assumptions prior to the analysis were emphasized to ensure conditional independence between each pair of factors for this bivariate statistical approach. In addition, a detailed landslide inventory map was constructed through field investigation and a remote sensing interpretation process at a scale of 1:50000. The thematic layers and landslide map were overlapped to obtain a spatial statistical relationship by using the frequency ratio method. At last, the validation process for the derived susceptibility map was conducted by applying the ROC curve, indicating that more than 90% of the landslides were in categories of high and moderate susceptibility zones. The causative factor classes, including the slope angles ranging from 20 to 40°, strong weathered and fractured strata, and road network density were identified to considerably influence the landslide distribution in the study area. The results have proven to be significantly meaningful for landslide hazard risk mitigation and land use management for the local authorities responsible for these fields.