Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Knowledge Acquisition Framework in Trace-Based Reasoning for Valuing Knowledge

The purpose of this thesis is to build A Knowledge Acquisition Framework in Trace-Based Reasoning for Valuing Knowledge. The knowledge Acquisition Framework consisting of context information retrieval from proposed algorithm in the first stage, then an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model for the second stage, which can be trained to detect the value of knowledge used. The training has been based on gathered surveyed data. After training the model with proper data, a clear target-oriented towards the best usage of knowledge will be available. Final stage will be implicitly processed via a back propagation feature exists in the neuro-fuzzy model mentioned above. Trace Based Reasoning is used in this framework instead of Case Based Reasoning which had been used for solving problems previously, due to the problem of lacking to context information in Case Based Reasoning . In this study six models have been developed for the second stage with different types of input/output membership functions and trained an input array. The models are compared based on their ability to train with
The Therapeutic effect of MKA on Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lipid peroxidation, cytosolic LDH leakage and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

The Polyherbal formulations are used as a potential target for treating various diseases due to its wide array of phytoconstituents with antioxidant potential. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of Polyherbal formulation (MKA) comprising of three plants Mimusops elengi L. , Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. and Artemisia vulgaris L. were studied in LPS induced RAW 264.7macrophages. Four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100μg/ml) of MKA were tested against control, LPS treatment and standard Quercetin in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The rate of Lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The cytosolic LDH leakage was determined by measuring NADH release at 340nm. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were studied by measuring red/green luorescent intensity of JC-1 stained cells in the low cytometer. It was found that MKA treatments signi icantly reduced the rate of Lipid peroxidation and LDH leakage compared to LPS treatment. The results of low cytometry revealed that the JC-1 green luorescent intensity decreased with increase in MKA concentration, in a dose-dependent manner. It is evident from the study results that, theMKAhas a therapeutic effect on LPS inducedRAW264.7 macrophages by protecting the cells from lipid peroxidation, restoring the cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential.
A Data Mining Friendly Anonymization Scheme for System Logs using Distance Mapping

In this document, we investigate the use of Distance Mapping ideas and what they enable for system logs. In the ﬁeld of telecommunication networks, log ﬁles are used for service quality assurance, and are coming from various devices, back end systems, and general usage of the network. Typically, these log ﬁles are not allowed to be monetized or shared with third parties, thanks to legal restrictions on privacy issues. While there are some existing early solutions to this, such as Diﬀeren-tial Privacy or Homomorphic Encryption, we propose here to look at Distance Mapping to transform the raw data (the system log ﬁles) into highly usable but anonymized data. The resulting data can be used directly by Machine Learning algorithms, visualization algorithms, or be considered for re-embedding. While this approach transforms the data format signiﬁcantly and limits its usage only for distance-based data mining and machine learning tools, it is an elegant and computationally feasible methodology for such applications.
Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) V (Fifth part). Redescription of Congocepheus latilamellatus Mahunka 1984, with complementary studies of C. ornatus, Mahunka 1983. Descriptions of Tanzaniacepheus gen. nov. and Zimbabwecepheus gen. nov.

Redescription of Congocepheus latilamellatus , with complementary studies of Congocepheus ornatus . Congocepheus latilamellatus is a senior synonym of C. ornatus. Two new genera, Tanzaniacepheus and Zimbabwecepheus are described with type species Tanzaniacepheus ornatus n. comb . and Zimbabwecepheus maidii gen. nov., sp. nov.
Minimal Zn 2þ Binding Site of Amyloid-b

Zinc-induced aggregation of amyloid-b peptide (Ab) is a hallmark molecular feature of Alzheimer's disease. Here we provide direct thermodynamic evidence that elucidates the role of the Ab region 6-14 as the minimal Zn 2þ binding site wherein the ion is coordinated by His 6 , Glu 11 , His 13 , and His 14 . With the help of isothermal titration calorimetry and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations, the region 11-14 was determined as the primary zinc recognition site and considered an important drug-target candidate to prevent Zn 2þ -induced aggregation of Ab.
A Clinical Review of COVID-19 Associated Myocarditis

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS COV-2) which can cause multi-organ dysfunction with noteworthy ramifications for patients' cardiovascular consideration. Complications like myocarditis, myocardial injury, acute-onset heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia have been reported. However, a limited number of case reports, retrospective studies, and impairing factors, including the lack of proper diagnostic modalities for COVID-19 associated myocarditis, have made the exact incidence of myocarditis from COVID-19 unclear. In this paper, we have analyzed peer-reviewed articles to highlight COVID-19 myocarditis and outline the associated risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of such patients. This is to ensure rapid triage, so their treatment is not compromised and thereby averting fatal complications from it.
Low-Complexity Gridless 2D Harmonic Retrieval via Decoupled-ANM Covariance Reconstruction

This paper aims at developing low-complexity solutions for super-resolution two-dimensional (2D) harmonic retrieval via covariance reconstruction. Given the collected sample covariance, a novel gridless compressed sensing approach is designed based on the atomic norm minimization (ANM) technique. The key is to perform a redundancy reduction (RR) transformation that effectively reduces the large problem size at hand, without loss of useful frequency information. For uncorrelated sources, the transformed 2D covariance matrices in the RR domain retain a salient structure, which permits a sparse representation over a matrix-form atom set with decoupled 1D frequency components. Accordingly, the decoupled ANM (DANM) framework can be applied for super-resolution 2D frequency estimation, at low computational complexity on the same order of the 1D case. An analysis of the complexity reduction of the proposed RR-D-ANM compared with benchmark methods is provided as well, which is verified by our simulation results.
Effectiveness of amikacin administered by autoinjector compared to manual injection on infected excision wound model of Wistar rats

To evaluate the effectiveness of amikacin administered by autoinjector compared to manual injection on infected excision wound model of Wistar rats. Randomly bred 14 Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180 to 230 g were used for the present study. The study has the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used for infecting the wounds.1mL of bloodwaswithdrawn aseptically from the orbital sinus under iso lurane anaesthesia, and the biochemical parameters were carried out. All results were expressed asmean± SEM, and the results were compared statistically by one-way ANOVA using Sigma Plot 13. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically signi icant. The biochemical parameters in the study was more or less similar. The infected rats treated with amikacin showed faster wound contraction compared to control. This study concludes the effectiveness of amikacin administered through autoinjectors andmanual injection in infected excision wound model as similar. Therefore, amikacin autoinjector is a better choice to manual injection to overcome from wound infections if it is administered at the right time in case of emergency or whenever required. Injury and wound infection are common in natural and manmade disasters. Serious bacterial wound infections are a potential threat to open injuries. As accessibility to the primary health centre or hospital may not be easy or possible during disasters and to overcome such a situation, an antibacterial autoinjector would be useful.
Performance test of the double crystal monochromator for neutron energy selection

A Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) has been prepared for neutron energy selection at Ex-core Neutron irradiation Facility (ENF) in HANARO research reactor, and has widely used for neutron bragg edge imaging [1-2]. Neutron bragg edge imaging is very powerful technique because the visualization of phase change and distribution in steel sample is possible [3]. The design and mechanical operation of this DCM already introduced in 2015 [4]. However, the performance of the prepared DCM had not tested using neutrons because HANARO had not worked until 2018. 05. After restart of HANARO, The performance test was carried out. In this paper, the results of performance test are presented and discussed.
Allometry and Sexual Dimorphism in the Snail-eating Turtle Malayemys macrocephala from the Chao Phraya River Basin of Central Thailand

– Allometric growth and sexual dimorphism of the shell is evident in Malayemys macrocephala from the Chao Phraya River Basin of central Thailand. Differences in allometric growth between males and females produce sexually dimorphic adults. Adult females exhibit larger sizes and have relatively wider and higher shells and longer plastra than males. Brophy (2004) recently reviewed the systematics of the genus Malayemys (Testudines: Geoemydidae [Bataguridae]) and argued for the presence of two taxonomically distinct species. Analyses of head-stripe and shell characters revealed a clear pattern of geographic variation that was consistent with the topography of Southeast Asia and the poor dispersal abilities of these turtles. Turtles from the Mekong River Basin retained the name M. subtrijuga (Schlegel and Müller 1844), whereas those from the Chao NOTES AND FIELD REPORTS 159
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of beetroot extract in animal models

Inflammation is involved in the body’s defense system, which helps in removal and repairing of damaged tissues and neutralization of harmful agents. Inflammation may release or generate a diverse population of proinflammatory mediators like bradykinins, serotonin, histamines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide.1 Chronic inflammation can also lead to a number of diseases such as hay fever, rheumatoid arthritis, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, pulmonary diseases, neurologic diseases and cancer.2 Numerous antiinflammatory drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available commercially. NSAIDs ABSTRACT
Larvicidal activity of extracellular secondary metabolites of Streptomyces microflavus against Culex pipiens.

Eight isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from sand samples of underground spring at Giza Governorate, Egypt. The extracellular secondary metabolites of one isolate (Act-1) showed larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens. The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomical characteristics of this isolate revealed that it belongs to Streptomyces sp. However, according to the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, it was identified as Streptomyces microflavus. Twenty five ml of peptone-beef extract-yeast extract-glucose medium under static condition showed the best conditions for the production of secondary metabolites from Act-1 against mosquito larva. Addition of NaCl, FeSO4 and CaCO3 to the medium increased the produced mosquitocidal metabolites twelve times more than the original. The LC50 value of Streptomyces microflavus metabolites was 77.3 ppm with 95% fiducial limits (62.6-95.7).
The role of phytochrome A and gibberellins in growth under long and short day conditions : studies in hybrid aspen

This thesis addresses questions concerning the regulation of growth and, specifically, the cessation of growth in response to short days in deciduous tree species. The model tree used in the studies was hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx.). We have exploited the possibility of transforming this species to modulate the level of expression of target genes using over-expression and antisense techniques. The target genes in the studies were the photoreceptor phytochrome A (phyA) and gibberellin 20-oxidase (GA 20-oxidase), the latter being a highly regulated enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs). The photoreceptor phyA has been implicated in photoperiodic regulation of growth, while GAs may regulate the physiological response further downstream. The endogenous expression of these genes has been investigated in parallel with studies of various plants with ectopic and reduced levels of expression. The main focus has been on the early stages of induction of growth cessation and its physiological and molecular mechanisms. Studies of hybrid aspen plants with an increased or reduced expression of phyA, show this receptor to mediate the photoperiodic regulation of growth. Plants with ectopic expression could not stop growing despite drastically shortened photoperiods, while the antisense plants showed the reverse phenotype, with a higher sensitivity resulting in earlier cessation of growth. The role of GAs in growth inhibition was also addressed using plants with a reduction in GA levels. These plants showed early cessation of growth and dormancy, and thus an increased sensitivity toward daylength. Conversely, plants with increased rates of GA biosynthesis showed increased growth and stopped growing much later. Furthermore, increases in GA biosynthesis, resulting in high levels of GAs have a major impact on growth. Plants with high GA levels have increased elongation and diameter growth, due to higher rates of cell production in the apical meristem and cambium, respectively. Also, these plants have altered wood properties showing more numerous (71%) and longer (8%) fibres as compared to the control plants. GA levels were modulated by altering the expression of the multifunctional enzyme GA 20-oxidase. This enzyme was shown by the over-expression studies to be a limiting factor in the biosynthesis of GAs. This enzyme was also shown to be regulated at the transcriptional level, both by photoperiod and active GA4. Our studies indicate that GA 20-oxidase is very likely to be one of the most important factors in the GA-regulation of growth and growth cessation. In conclusion, these studies have shed light on the early stages of growth cessation in deciduous trees, especially with respect to the role of phyA and GAs. It has also given new information on the importance of GAs in growth as such, with important implications for wood production.
An Experimental Approach to Causal Identification of Spillover Effects under General Interference

This paper extends the Rubin Causal Model to a general interference framework. In particular, we develop a framework to define estimands in a general way using "reference assignments. " This framework allows for the flexible stipulation of the non-interference assumptions required for estimation. We apply this approach to two common estimands, the average direct treatment effect and the average indirect exposure effect, recasting the framework in the language of network analysis. We use the network context to demonstrate the relationship between the potential outcomes and edges in a network, as well as to define intuitive noninterference assumptions. Finally, we derive unbiased and consistent estimators of average causal effects under interference and demonstrate their properties with simulated data. ∗ac3242@columbia.edu †ns2303@columbia.edu We would like to thank Peter Aronow, Albert Fang, Donald Green, Dominik Hangartner, Macartan Humphreys, Ryan Moore and participants at European Political Science Association Annual Meeting 2013, the 6th Annual Meeting of the Political Networks Section of the American Political Science Association, and the Columbia University Methods Workshop for useful comments and advice. All errors are our own.
Clinicohistopathological pro ile of malignant and pre-malignant lesions of oral cavity

The present study on oral cavity lesions was a descriptive, analytical and observational study consists of total 173 cases, amongst which 38 cases were of pre-malignant lesions while 135were of malignant lesions. Amale preponderance was noted in both pre-malignant and malignant lesions. A maximum number of cases in pre-malignant lesions was from 50-59 years of age group while in case ofmalignant lesions a bit early age of presentationwas noted, i.e. 40-49 years. Most of them were habituated to tobacco—the most common site of involvement for both, oral pre-cancer and cancer was the oral cavity. Leukoplakia was precancerous lesion (55.26%). The variant in the study was verrucous carcinoma. The predominant piece of the oral squamous cell carcinoma was a lot of isolated types. The current review was essentially indistinguishable with various examinations. The study noted a relatively late age of presentation of pre-malignant lesions. This delay could be explained by multiple factors like ignorance and lacking in medical facilities. In this scenario, many patients progress to full-blown malignancy. This examination re lects that there is a tendency to expose issues and instruct individuals concerning unfavourable impacts of liquor and tobacco usage, the signi icance of dental tidiness, oral self-appraisal and the openness of preventive services organizations.
Micro–Nano Hierarchical Structure Enhanced Strong Wet Friction Surface Inspired by Tree Frogs

Superior wet attachment and friction performance without the need of special external or preloaded normal force, similar to the tree frog's toe pad, is highly essential for biomedical engineering, wearable flexible electronics, etc. Although various pillar surfaces are proposed to enhance wet adhesion or friction, their mechanisms remain on micropillar arrays to extrude interfacial liquid via an external force. Here, two‐level micropillar arrays with nanocavities on top are discovered on the toe pads of a tree frog, and they exhibit strong boundary friction ≈20 times higher than dry and wet friction without the need of a special external or preloaded normal force. Microscale in situ observations show that the specific micro–nano hierarchical pillars in turn trigger three‐level liquid adjusting phenomena, including two‐level liquid self‐splitting and liquid self‐sucking effects. Under these effects, uniform nanometer‐thick liquid bridges form spontaneously on all pillars to generate strong boundary friction, which can be ≈2 times higher than for single‐level pillar surfaces and ≈3.5 times higher than for smooth surfaces. Finally, theoretical models of boundary friction in terms of self‐splitting and self‐sucking are built to reveal the importance of liquid behavior induced by micro–nano hierarchical structure.
MicroRNA-92a negatively regulates neurofibromin 2 and inhibits its tumor suppressive function

Inactivation of the tumor suppressor Merlin leads to the development of benign nervous system tumors of neurofibromatosis type 2. Merlin deficiency is also observed in human malignancies including colorectal and lung cancers. Causes of Merlin inactivation include deleterious mutations in the encoding neurofibromin 2 gene (NF2) and aberrant Merlin proteasomal degradation. Here, we show that NF2 is also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) through interaction with evolutionarily conserved miRNA response elements (MREs) within its 3’-untranslated region (3‘UTR). Dual luciferase assays in HCT116 and A549 show downregulation of wild type NF2 by miR-92a via its 3’UTR but not NF2-3’UTR with mutated MRE. HCT116 cells transfected with miR-92a show significant downregulation of endogenous NF2 mRNA and protein levels, which were rescued by co-transfection of a target protector oligonucelotide specific for the miR-92a binding site within NF2-3’UTR. MiR-92a overexpression in HCT116 and A549 resulted in increased migration and proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and altered F-actin organization compared to controls. This study provides functional proof of the unappreciated role of miRNAs in NF2 regulation and tumor progression.
In vitro Selection of Chemically Modified DNAzymes

Abstract DNAzymes are in vitro selected DNA oligonucleotides with catalytic activities. RNA cleavage is one of the most extensively studied DNAzyme reactions. To expand the chemical functionality of DNA, various chemical modifications have been made during and after selection. In this review, we summarize examples of RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes and focus on those modifications introduced during in vitro selection. By incorporating various modified nucleotides via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or primer extension, a few DNAzymes were obtained that can be specifically activated by metal ions such as Zn2+ and Hg2+. In addition, some modifications were introduced to mimic RNase A that can cleave RNA substrates in the absence of divalent metal ions. In addition, single modifications at the fixed regions of DNA libraries, especially at the cleavage junctions, have been tested, and examples of DNAzymes with phosphorothioate and histidine‐glycine modified tertiary amine were successfully obtained specific for Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+. Labeling fluorophore/quencher pair right next to the cleavage junction was also used to obtain signaling DNAzymes for detecting various metal ions and cells. Furthermore, we reviewed work on the cleavage of 2′‐5′ linked RNA and L‐RNA substrates. Finally, applications of these modified DNAzymes as biosensors, RNases, and biochemical probes are briefly described with a few future research opportunities outlined at the end.
Research on Predictive Model of Prefabricated Building Safety Risk Based on RS-SVR

To improve the prediction precision of safety risk for prefabricated building construction, a prediction model based on Rough Set (RS) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) is studied. The mechanisms of RS and SVR are combined. Considering the distinguishing features of prefabricated building construction, a risk comprehensive assessment index system is constructed. It consists of five aspects: human, equipment and materials, management, surrounding and technology. The detail processes or steps of data acquisition and preprocessing, attribute reduction by RS, training by SVR are described. The safety risk of prefabricated building is predicted by the prediction model based on RS-SVR. The application result shows that compared with the traditional BP neural network model, above RS-SVR model owns both faster computational velocity and higher prediction precision. For prefabricated building construction, it provides a novel way to predict the safety risk.