Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IP prefix hijack detection using BGP connectivity monitoring

In spite of significant on-going research, the Border gateway protocol (BGP) still encompasses conceptual vulnerability issues regarding impersonating the ownership of IP prefixes for ASes (Autonomous Systems). In this context, a number of research studies focused on securing BGP through historical-based and statistical-based behavioural models. This paper suggests a novel method based on tracking the connectivity of suspicious ASes, which are received from a program tracing IP prefix hijacking signature. The paper uses Full Cross-Validation test to investigate the accuracy of the invented method and studies the similarity and differences between malicious and benign observations before they are classified. Classification might not be the appropriate technique to deal with IP prefix hijack detection on its own; therefore we propose to combine the two methods (signature and classification-based) in order to cover the limitations of both techniques. From a processing perspective, the outputs from signature-based method are used as inputs for the classification-based. The main features are extracted from the ASpath attributes of potentially suspicious ASes. The features are considered a mixture of the behavioural characteristics of connectivity among routers. The best five supervised classifiers were used in the previous researches and go with the characteristics of dataset will be used in this paper to evaluate the detection method. Under different learning algorithms, Random Forest and J48 classifiers, the detection method is able to detect the hijacks with 81% accuracy.
Extent of vascularization as a prognostic indicator in thin (< 0.76 mm) malignant melanomas.

Angiogenesis in malignant melanoma (MM) was evaluated by comparing mean vessel number (MVN) in Spitz's nevi (SN), thick and thin MMs that metastasized, and thick and thin MMs with > or = 10-year survival. Vessels were identified with antibodies against factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII) and CD34 in 37 MMs (17 < or = 1.9 mm and 20 > or = 4.0 mm) with > or = 10-year follow-up and 10 SN from children (< or = 9 years old). Fields (x250) with the highest vessel density were counted by independent observers blinded to clinical outcome. There were no differences in MVN between SN versus MMs (P = 1.0), but the distribution of vessels was much more uniform in SN. Seven MM pairs (> or = 5.5 mm) and five pairs (< or = 0.75 mm) were matched by sex, age, site, stage, and primary treatment (paired t-test). In the pairs > or = 5.5 mm, there was no correlation with MVN with either metastasis or death (FVIII P = 0.98; CD34 P = 0.85). Among the thin paired lesions, high MVN (FVIII = 46, CD34 = 39) was significantly related not only to metastasis (FVIII P = 0.04, CD34 P = 0.03) but also to death (FVIII P = 0.04, CD34 P = 0.05). MVN does not separate SN versus MM nor predict outcome in thick (> or = 4.0 mm) MMs; however, high MVN (> or = 42 average) is predictive of metastasis and death in MMs < or = 0.75 mm. Larger matched studies are indicated to confirm this observation.
Glioblastoma Cells Do Not Intravasate into Blood Vessels: 124

ABSTRACT: GLIOBLASTOMA IS VERY rarely found outside the central nervous system. The ability of rat C6 glioblastoma cells to intravasate into central nervous system and pial blood vessels is tested using a rat homografting model and two in vitro models. In vivo, scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that upon grafting C6 cells into implantation pockets in rat cortex, blood vessels can be spared in large digestion cysts formed in host brain parenchyma. Immunocytochemistry of the grafted rat cortex reveals that the glioblastoma cells are upon the blood vessel basement membrane, surrounded by the extracellular matrix material, fibronectin. The endothelial cells of the blood vessel are inside the laminin and fibronectin, and there were areas of endothelial cell hyperplasia. C6 cells are not observed inside blood vessels. In vitro, C6 cell cultures seeded with blood vessels from fresh rat pia exhibit the same relationship of the C6 glioblastoma cells to the blood vessel as those in the other models. The C6 cells migrate upon the pial blood vessel basement membrane but do not intravasate into the blood vessel. To ascertain whether structure and components of the blood vessel basement membrane are important factors in glioblastoma cell exclusion from blood vessels, C6 cells are seeded upon artificial basement membrane hydrated gel wafers. C6 cells migrate into the artificial basement membrane gel wafer by 1 day after seeding. These data indicate that glioblastoma cells are confined to the central nervous system by an inability to pass through vital basement membrane.
ANÁLISE DA MARICULTURA SUL-FLUMINENSE – RJ, SOB O ENFOQUE DA CAPACIDADE DE SUPORTE

INTRODUCAO A aquicultura e uma atividade em franca expansao, responsavel por aproximadamente metade da producao pescado mundial. Dentre a producao aquicola, os moluscos bivalvos constituem em volume o segundo grupo mais cultivado, sendo o terceiro em valor. A malacocultura e uma atividade instensamente desenvolvida no mundo (FAO, 2010). Segundo a FAO (2004), o cultivo de moluscos corresponde a 23% da producao aquicola mundial, gerando recursos superiores a 10,5 milhoes de dolares, sendo a ostra do pacifico Crassostrea gigas, a especie mais cultivada. Nacionalmente, nas regioes sudeste e sul, cultiva-se o mexilhao Perna perna, a ostra do pacifico, C.gigas, e a vieira, Nodipecten nodosus (principalmente no estado do Rio de Janeiro) (PEREIRA, 2006). Esta atividade e realizada de maneira extensiva, na qual o proprio ambiente marinho fornece o alimento (fitoplâcton) aos moluscos bivalvos. Assim, o cultivo dos organismos tende a ter vasto poder economico e processo reprodutivo. Pelo fato de a atividade estar em area costeira, e de grande importância que a producao do organismo esteja em equilibrio com o ecossistema local. A capacidade de suporte e um meio viavel para que se evite o desequilibrio da area. Esta atividade ira analisar fisica, social, ambiental e do ponto de vista da producao, a estrutura da regiao na qual os cultivos estao dispostos. O nosso objetivo e aplicar o conceito de capacidade de suporte a malacocultura no litoral Sul Fluminense. E, dessa forma, contribuir para a geracao de informacao cientifica sistematizada como ferramenta aplicavel ao desenvolvimento sustentavel da atividade.
Méthodes de résolution constructives, séquentielles et évolutives pour des problèmes d"affectation sous contraintes

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 1411 (1995)Institut de mathematiquesChaire de recherche operationnelle SE Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-1411Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
Response to chemotherapy and expression of the genes encoding the multidrug resistance-associated proteins MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5, and SMRP in childhood acute myeloid leukemia.

PURPOSE The family of multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) belongs to the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transporters, which have the ability to function as outward pumps for chemotherapeutic drugs. Their structure, function, and substrate specificity have been studied intensively, but little is known about their clinical relevance in malignant diseases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, the expression of the MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5, and SMRP genes was measured using TaqMan real-time PCR in 53 children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Nine patients were also analyzed in relapse. RESULTS MRP3 gene expression was higher in patients who did not achieve remission (P = 0.023). Expression of MRP2 (P = 0.09) or MRP3 (P = 0.041) was associated with a lower rate of survival, and patients who expressed high levels of both genes had a particularly poor prognosis (P < 0.01). No significant association was found for overall survival or remission rate and the expression of MRP4, MRP5, and SMRP. CONCLUSIONS This study provides first data on the clinical relevance of five MRPs in acute myeloid leukemia patients. The results strongly suggest that MRP3 and possibly also MRP2 are involved in drug resistance in this disease. Those two proteins therefore represent interesting markers for risk-adapted therapy and possible targets for the development of specific drugs to overcome multidrug resistance.
Small Sample Kernel Association Tests for Human Genetic and Microbiome Association Studies

Kernel machine based association tests (KAT) have been increasingly used in testing the association between an outcome and a set of biological measurements due to its power to combine multiple weak signals of complex relationship with the outcome through the specification of a relevant kernel. Human genetic and microbiome association studies are two important applications of KAT. However, the classic KAT framework relies on large sample theory, and conservativeness has been observed for small sample studies, especially for microbiome association studies. The common approach for addressing the small sample problem relies on computationally intensive resampling methods. Here, we derive an exact test for KAT with continuous traits, which resolve the small sample conservatism of KAT without the need for resampling. The exact test has significantly improved power to detect association for microbiome studies. For binary traits, we propose a similar approximate test, and we show that the approximate test is very powerful for a wide range of kernels including common variant‐ and microbiome‐based kernels, and the approximate test controls the type I error well for these kernels. In contrast, the sequence kernel association tests have slightly inflated genomic inflation factors after small sample adjustment. Extensive simulations and application to a real microbiome association study are used to demonstrate the utility of our method.
A new labdane-type diterpene from the bark of Juniperus chinensis Linn.

From the bark of Juniperus chinensis Linn. , a new labdane-type diterpene, methyl 14,15-dihydroxy-8(17),12E-labdadien-19-oate (1a), together with nine known compounds, trans-communic acid, cis-communic acid, 15,16-bisnor-13-oxo-8(17),11E-labdadien-19-oic acid, sandaracopimaric acid, 7-oxosandaracopimaric acid, sugiol, 7-oxototarol, α-cedrol and β-sitosteryl-1-O-β-glucopyranoside were isolated. The structures of those compounds were elucidated based on spectral analysis and chemical evidences.
Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Compared to the General Population and Patients with Other Chronic Conditions

Objective. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) affects multiple physical, psychological, and social domains and is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We compared the HRQOL of SSc patients with individuals in the general population and patients with other common chronic diseases. Methods. HRQOL of SSc patients in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry was measured using version 2 of the Medical Outcomes Trust Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results were compared to US general population norms and scores reported for patients with other common chronic diseases, namely heart disease, lung disease, hypertension, diabetes, and depression. Results. SF-36 scores were available for 504 SSc patients (86% women, mean age 56 yrs, mean disease duration since onset of first non-Raynaud’s manifestation of SSc 11 yrs). The greatest impairment in SF-36 subscale scores appeared to be in the physical functioning, general health, and role physical domains. SF-36 subscale and summary scores in SSc were significantly worse compared to US general population norms for women of similar ages, except for mental health and mental component summary score, which were not significantly different, and were generally comparable to or worse than the scores of patients with other common chronic conditions. Conclusion. HRQOL of patients with SSc is significantly impaired compared to that of the general population and is comparable to or worse than that of patients with other common chronic conditions.
Connecting families with ICTs: A board messaging system for older adults and their family abroad

Many older adults in Mexico are likely to experience isolation and emotional discomfort because of the migration of one or more family members to the USA. Despite the increasing number of communication tools provided by the Internet, their current design and characteristics, limit their use by older adults. Our work aims at offering a board-based messaging system with a simplified interface, which can be used by older adults to interchange messages and pictures through the Internet with those members of their family living abroad. The system works as a shared board of messages that family members can access from any web browser. We report on the design and the implementation of the system, and the plans for a future in-situ evaluation.
El mercado de strips sobre Deuda del Estado española durante el período 1998-2003: Volúmenes y rendimientos

El mercado espanol de strips, que inicio su andadura en 1998, se ha caracterizado desde entonces por registrar volumenes de negocio relativamente escasos a pesar de las grandes expectativas que parecio despertar su aparicion. Tras un analisis de la evolucion y los segmentos en que se concentran estos volumenes, realizamos un estudio del comportamiento de los tipos de interes en el mercado al contado, comparandolos con los rendimientos de los bonos no segregados, con el objetivo de detectar, si las hubiera, primas de liquidez o segregabilidad. Esta comparativa nos permitira mostrar si los tipos de interes en las operaciones al contado con deuda segregada estan en equilibrio con los cruzados en el mercado de Bonos y Obligaciones del Estado.
Resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer – how can we improve results?

Resection of liver metastases due to large bowel cancer has become an important part of treatment. In recent years, there have been advances in technique and the selection of patients has been extended. Surgery is the only modality which currently offers the possibility of long‐term survival. Resection combined with chemotherapy may offer improved survival, but more data are needed. Chemotherapy may cause regression of metastases to permit resection where initially they were considered unresectable. The data available from such studies are presented.
Rates and Cost of Hospitalization Before and After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Urban and Rural Settings in South Africa

Abstract:Few studies have compared hospitalizations before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in the same patients. We analyzed the cost of hospitalizations among 3906 adult patients in 2 South African hospitals, 30% of whom initiated ART. Hospitalizations were 50% and 40% more frequent and 1.5 and 2.6 times more costly at a CD4 cell count <100 cells/mm3 when compared with 200–350 cells/mm3 in the pre-ART and ART period, respectively. Mean inpatient cost per patient year was USD 117 (95% confidence interval, 85 to 158) for patients on ART and USD 72 (95% confidence interval, 56 to 89) for pre-ART patients. Raising ART eligibility thresholds could avoid the high cost of hospitalization before and immediately after ART initiation.
Desynchronizing effect of levetiracetam on epileptiform responses in rat hippocampal slices

The effect of levetiracetam on neuronal hypersynchrony and hyperexcitability was examined using simultaneous extra- and intracellular recordings in rat brain slices perfused with a high K+/low Ca2+ (HKLC) fluid. These findings were compared to results obtained with carbamazepine, valproate and clonazepam. The HKLC milieu induces in hippocampal CA3 area, spontaneous interictal bursts and epileptiform responses. Levetiracetam decreased the number of population spikes per extracellular response but did not affect the number of action potentials per intracellular burst. This contrasts the effects of the reference antiepileptic drugs, which depressed both the extracellular and the intracellular bursts. These results indicate that levetiracetam is distinct from classical antiepileptic drugs by a relatively selective effect on collective neuronal responses, rather than on single neuron activity and suggests a potentially novel desynchronizing effect that probably contributes to its antiepileptic action.
Explore the variation of MMP3, JNK, p38 MAPKs, and autophagy at the early stage of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and chondrocyte apoptosis. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating OA process. Autophagy has an important effect on the OA process, and it is believed to be regulated by MAPKs. To reveal the mechanism and the effect of JNK and p38 MAPKs on matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and autophagy in OA, the study established OA model in rabbits, used the measurement of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scoring system to evaluate OA model, and conducted general observation, histological observation, and Western blotting of JNK, phosphorylate‐JNK (P‐JNK), p38, phosphorylate‐p38 (P‐p38), MMP3, and light‐chain 3 (LC3)‐II/LC3‐I to explore the variation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and autophagy at the early stage of OA. With OA progressing at the early stage, MMP3, P‐p38, and P‐JNK were gradually upregulated from the baseline to the peak in study groups when compared with the control group; JNK and p38 variated of turbulence without statistical difference; and LC3‐II/LC3‐I had a decreasing tendency from the 0‐ to 15‐day group. This study identifies that compromised autophagy may be related to the OA progress and that JNK and p38 MAPKs have positive regulation on MMP3 and negative regulation on autophagy. It also implicates a new therapeutic strategy for OA and other degenerate diseases based on selective MAPK inhibitors, reduction of MMP3, and autophagy. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(4):293–302, 2016
Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and mineral elements of human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects in Sokoto, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Undernourishment and micronutrient deficiencies exacerbate immunosuppression, oxidative stress, acceleration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and CD4 T-cell depletion in HIV-infected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current work reports the serum levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, C and E) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu) in 90 HIV positive subjects attending the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria. The serum levels of the micronutrients were correlated with the CD4 count of the subjects. RESULTS The results showed that the HIV positive subjects have significantly lower (P < 0.05) levels of vitamins A, C and E. Also, serum Zn, Fe, Cu and CD4 count were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with the HIV negative subjects. Micronutrient deficiencies were more pronounced in HIV positive subjects with CD4 counts less than 200 cell/μl. The results based on age and sex showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference. Vitamins A, E and C and Zn and Fe showed positive correlation with CD4 count of the HIV positive subjects. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the HIV subjects in the study area have lowered serum levels of antioxidant micronutrients and that the levels decrease with increase in the severity of the infection. These may increase the chances of the symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects progressing into full-blown Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
Constipation in Patients with Thiamine Deficiency after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Background/Aims: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is the most common bariatric surgery worldwide. We have described thiamine deficiency in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth after gastric bypass. We hypothesized that symptoms of thiamine deficiency are common after gastric bypass. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of and treatment of symptoms of thiamine deficiency after gastric bypass. Methods: This is a prospective study performed in a large urban, community hospital. Consecutive gastric bypass patients seen from February 1, 2008 to May 1, 2009 are included. Thiamine deficiency in this study included both: consistent clinical symptoms and either (1) low blood thiamine level or (2) resolution of clinical symptoms after receiving thiamine. Results: Of 151 patients, 25 females and 2 males met the criteria for thiamine deficiency (prevalence of 18%). In these 27 patients, 12 had one symptom of thiamine deficiency, while 15 had symptoms consistent with multiple subtypes. Eleven patients reported constipation at 0.33-12 years (mean 4.8) after gastric bypass. Elevated serum folate levels were seen in 6 of 10 tested patients and there was an abnormal glucose-hydrogen breath test in 9 of 10 tested patients, supporting the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Frequency of defecation improved after thiamine treatment. Conclusion: Thiamine deficiency resulting from small intestinal bacterial overgrowth should be considered in patients being seen for constipation after gastric bypass surgery.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory factors, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 56 women with GDM. Subjects were randomly selected to receive either 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acid supplements (containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexanoic acid) (n = 27) or a placebo (n = 27) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at study baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention to quantify biochemical variables. Newborn’s weight, height, head circumference, Apgar score, and hyperbilirubinemia were determined. Results: At the end of the 6 weeks, taking omega-3 fatty acid significantly decreased serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (change from baseline: −245.1 ± 1570.5 versus + 913.9 ± 2329.4 ng/mL, p = 0.03) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (−0.4 ± 1.3 versus + 0.6±2.3, p = 0.04) compared with the placebo. Supplementation with omega-3 had a low incidence of hyperbilirubinemiain newborns (7.7% versus 33.3%, p = 0.02) and decreased newborns’ hospitalization rate (7.7% versus 33.3%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Taken together, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in GDM women had beneficial effects on maternal serum hs-CRP, plasma MDA levels, incidence of newborn’s hyperbilirubinemia, and hospitalization.