Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Band to Band Calibration and Relative Gain Analysis of Satellite Sensors Using Deep Convective Clouds

BAND TO BAND CALIBRATION AND RELATIVE GAIN ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE SENSORS USING DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS . SUMAN BHATTA . 2015 Two calibration techniques were developed in this research. First, a calibration technique, in which calibration was transferred to cirrus band and coastal aerosol band from well calibrated reflective bands of Landsat 8 using SCIAMACHY Deep Convective Cloud (DCC) spectra. Second, a novel method to derive relative gains using DCCs and improve the image quality of cirrus band scenes was developed. DCCs are very cold, bright clouds located in the tropopause layer. At small sun elevation and sensor viewing angles, they act as near Lambertian solar reflectors. They have very high signal to noise ratio and can easily be detected using simple IR threshold. Thus, DCCs are an ideal calibration target. Cirrus band in Landsat 8 has band center at 1375nm. Due to high water vapor absorption at this wavelength it is difficult to calibrate the cirrus band using other standard vicarious calibration methods. Similarly, the coastal aerosol band has short wavelength (443nm). At this wavelength maximum scattering can be observed in the atmosphere, due to which it is difficult to calibrate this band. Thus DCCs are investigated to calibrate these two channels. DCC spectra measured by the SCIAMACHY hyperspectral sensor were used to transfer calibration. The gain estimates after band to band calibration using DCC for the coastal aerosol band was 0.986 ±0.0031 and that for cirrus band was 0.982±0.0398. The primarily target was to estimate gains with
DEVELOPING PROTECTION SCHEMES FOR LOW VOLTAGE MICROGRID WITH HIGH PENETRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION

The high integration of inverter-interfaced distributed generation, in particular photovoltaic systems into the conventional low voltage distribution network has imposed several challenges on the operation of the existing protection system which is mainly based on overcurrent principle. In order to take the advantage of distributed generation, the network that is so called microgrid should be able to operate in both modes named grid-connected and islanded. However, the low level of fault currents in islanded mode of operation is not sufficient for the present overcurrent based protective devices to operate. Moreover, the delay in fault clearance degrades the voltage level of the network, resulting in the undesired disconnection of PV systems in unaffected areas. This, in turn, will inversely affect the possibility of islanding. Thus, the paper proposes a new protection strategy that can ensure the safety operation of microgrid in both operation modes and also revises the antiislanding protection of the connected PV systems so as to prevent them from unnecessary tripping.
Influence of nitrogen ion implantation on deformation and fatigue properties of TiNi shape-memory alloy wire

A shape memory alloy (SMA) is expected to be applied as intelligent material since it shows the unique characteristics of the shape memory effect and superelasticity. Most SMA elements, with these characteristics, perform cyclic motions. In these cases, fatigue of SMA is one of the important properties in view of evaluating functional characteristics. The fatigue properties are complex since they depend on stress, strain, temperature and time. If SMA is implanted by high energy ions, the thermomechanical properties may change, resulting in long fatigue life. In the present study, the nitrogen ion implantation was applied to modify TiNi SMA wire surface and the influence of implantation treatment on the tensile deformation and bending fatigue properties was investigated.
Effect of Surface Conduction on Electrohydrodynamic Flow in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Actuator

Among different effects of a gas discharge (space and surface charge generation, chemical reactions) there is also the ambient gas flow, called the secondary electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow. For many years this effect was ignored until researchers and engineers have realized its practical importance. In some applications, for example in electrostatic precipitators, the EHD flow is undesirable, reducing the dust collection efficiency. In others, for example in cooling electronic devices, it can drastically improve the process effectiveness. The presented paper deals with one more application of EHD flow, which can potentially revolutionize the aircraft technology. A surface electric discharge generates a surface jet-like flow, which changes the velocity distribution in the flow boundary layer. This could be a simple way to control the aerodynamic drag, or turbulence level, without any moving parts, using just electrical signal. Two different electrical discharges have been proposed: corona and dielectric barrier (DBD) discharge. The second one is considered to be more promising [1]. Previous author’s works presented a successful numerical model for simulating the EHD flow generated by the surface DBD discharge, assuming a flat dielectric layer with two tape electrodes: one exposed, supplied with a high sinusoidal voltage of some frequency, and another, buried, which was grounded [2]. The critical element of this model was prediction the surface charge accumulation. It was assumed that these charges are formed by deposited ions, generated near the discharge electrode, and remain motionless, unless they are neutralized by ions of the opposite polarity. In most cases, the assumption of motionless charges is not true, as they can drift along the surface due to a finite electrical conductivity of the substrate, moved by a tangential electric field. The effect of the surface conductivity on characteristics of the DBD boundary layer actuator will be discussed in the proposed paper. The problem was simulated for a conventional two-electrode DBD structure. The electrodes and dielectric layer have been assumed to be sufficiently long, so the problem can be considered in 2D. The numerical model includes electric field distribution, gas ionization, surface charge accumulation and transport, and gas velocity distribution. All phenomena were simulated using the Final Element Technique. The obtained results include: electric field, space and surface charge density and velocity distributions at different phases of the sinusoidal excitation. These distributed parameters allow calculation of the total drag force, which includes: viscous drag, pressure and electrical components.
What Counts as Terrorism ? An Examination of Terrorist Designations among U . S . Mass Shootings

What factors delimit terrorist attacks from other violent incidents? We develop an original news corpus of U.S. mass shooting events to examine the factors most commonly associated with terrorist-designated incidents. We first conduct a statistical analysis to identify the factors that shape whether a mass shooter’s attack is designated as terrorism. Next, we verify and contextualize this by qualitatively examining media coverage of the sixteen mass shootings designated as terrorism (Global Terrorism Database). Third, we use unsupervised learning to discover the archetypal portrayals media ascribe to mass-shooter perpetrators. This multi-method analysis demonstrates that perpetrators with certain racialized demographic characteristics (based on their race, religion, or immigrant status) are more likely than white offenders to be designated as terrorists. In addition, we find that media sources disproportionately frame white perpetrators sympathetically while ascribing racialized perpetrators more nefarious, villainous characteristics. We close with policy and social implications of these findings for marginalized communities and discuss avenues for future research. Abstract word count: 161word count: 161
Prosumers as Co-Creators - Partners in Knowledge Creation

The concept of value co-creation as highlighted by the Service Dominant Logic (SD Logic) has stressed the importance of customers importance as an active resource in creating and developing new market offerings. This study analyses a very simple model of value co-creation process and also a new terminology termed as Customer Knowledge Management (CKM). The CKM process in a marketer transforms the customer into a co-value creator, endowing him/her with new competencies and benefaction opportunities also known as prosumer.
Mix design and mechanical properties of self compacting light weight concrete

Considering normal concrete (NC) the type of concrete need to be vibrated after placing in the formwork, Lightweight concretes have been successfully applied in the building constructions for decades because of their low specific weight in connection with a high strength, a high capacity of thermal insulation and a high durability. The development leading to a self compacting light weight concrete (SCLWC) represents an important innovative step in the recent years. This concrete combines the favorable properties of a lightweight concrete with those of a self compacting concrete (i.e., the type of concrete need no vibration after placing in the formwork). Research work is aimed on development of (SCLWC) with the use of light weight aggregates " Light expand clay aggregate (Leca)". In this investigation, by trial and error procedure, different mix design of SCLWC were caste and tested to reach a so called standard self compacting concrete in fresh matrix phase such as; values of slump flow, L-box, V-funnel and in hardened phase, the 28 day compressive strength. Based on the results obtained, for two best so-called standard mix design of SCLWC the stress-strain diagrams are drawn and discussed. Also by three different methods, the modulus of elasticity of SCLWC are obtained and discussed here. It was found that a brittle mode of failure is governed in SCLWC.
“ Flipchip eWLB ( embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array ) Technology as Innovative 2 . 5 D Packaging Solutions

The market for portable and mobile data devices connected to a virtual cloud access point is exploding and driving increased functional convergence as well as increased packaging complexity and sophistication. This is causing an unprecedented demand for a variety of wafer level packages, thin Package-onPackage (POP) and 3D System-inPackage (SiP) solutions. We expect to see more exciting interconnect technologies in wafer level packaging such as 3D Through Silicon Via (TSV), 2.5D interposers, eWLB (embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array) / FOWLP (Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging) and innovative 2.5D/3D eWLB technology to meet these needs. eWLB is a fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) technology that enables a higher ball count by extending the package size beyond the area of the chip. By utilizing eWLB’s fan-out packaging approach, the next level of multi-chip and thin packaging capability can be achieved. eWLB provides a robust packaging platform supporting very dense interconnection and routing of multiple die in very reliable, lowprofile, low-warpage 2.5D and 3D solutions. The use of advanced eWLB designs such as a side-by-side configuration can replace a stacked package configuration or be utilized as the base for a 2.5D/3D TSV configuration in order to achieve a more cost effective packaging solution. Combining an analog or memory device with a digital device can provide an optimum solution for achieving the best performance in situations where thin, multi-die and heterogeneous integration is required for very high performance applications. This paper will highlight the rapid trend towards extended eWLB and flip chip eWLB in high performance packaging technology. A study will be presented on flip chip substrate design optimization in combination with eWLB RDL technology. Mechanical simulation was carried out to investigate the stress on bumps and device stack layers with different bumping approaches. Extended eWLB / flip chip eWLB offers a costeffective solution for advanced node technology with a smaller pitch required for high performance applications. Extended eWLB and flip chip eWLB technology provide the benefit of integration as well as a lower cost solution without sacrificing electrical performance.
Analysing architectural mouldings with 3D object-independant metrics and encoding

When observing architectural mouldings with an amateur's eye, they do seem to have something in common – or at least comparable features. But what, precisely? Curves? Alternation of curves? Rhythms and proportions? This contribution introduces a concept that aggregates abstract features of a 3D moulded object, may the object be real (existing or having existed) or purely theoretical (from literature). Our research – at the intersection of architectural modelling and of information visualisation, investigates how new metrics, along with a cognition-amplifying visual encoding, could help uncover patterns and exceptions in the design of mouldings (across historical periods, across territories, across stylistic affiliations, across families of 3D objects, and across sources) and ultimately could help gaining insight on relations of mouldings to one another, and to the architectural theory.
A Review of Wagner's Law by Using Total Government Expenditures and Its Subsets (1960-2006)

Over time and by elaboration of different theories and models in regard to government expenditures and economic growth, Wagner’s law is considered one of the first methods of explaining public sector. In this study, reliability of Wagner’s theory has been examined in Iran in the period of 1960-2006 by using annual data on the components of government expenditure through autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The obtained results indicate that there is only a long-term relationship between security and public order spending, public spending, municipal spending, and spending on education and spending on social welfare, and national income. Wagner’s theory states that the elasticity of government expenditures should be greater than one in proportion to its income; while, this requirement only exists for the municipal spending and spending on social welfare, and Wagner’s law is confirmed for these two components of state expenditures.
Chapter 3 Laser Prepared Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Laser techniques such as pulsed laser deposition, combinatorial pulsed laser deposition, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation were used to deposit thin films for optoelectronic applications. High-quality transparent conductor oxide films ITO, AZO, and IZO were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate by PLD, an important experimental parameter being the target-substrate distance. The TCO films present a high transparency (>95%) and a reduced electrical resistivity (5 × 10−4 Ωcm) characteristics very useful for their integration in the flexible electronics. In x Zn1−xO films with a compositional library were obtained by CPLD. These films are featured by a high optical transmission (>95%), the lowest resistivity (8.6 × 10−4 Ωcm) being observed for an indium content of about 44–49 at. %. Organic heterostructures based on arylenevinylene oligomers (P78 and P13) or arylene polymers (AMC16 and AMC22) were obtained by MAPLE. In the case of ITO/P78/Alq3/Al heterostructures, a higher current value is obtained when the film thickness increases. Also, a photovoltaic effect was observed for heterostructures based on AMC16 or AMC22 deposited on ITO covered by a thin layer of PEDOT:PSS. Due to their optical and electrical properties, such organic heterostructures can be interesting for the organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) applications.
Analysis of Cervical Cytology, Colposcopy and Biopsy Results

1 Nicel Tasdemir1, Cem Celik1, Remzi Abali1, Meltem Oznur2, Eren Akbaba3 1Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tekirdağ, 2Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Tekirdağ, 3Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muğla, Türkiye Kolposkopi Sonuçları / Results of Colposcopy Analysis of Cervical Cytology, Colposcopy and Biopsy Results
Reflective Practice for Athletes , Coaches and Sport Scientists at the 2012 Pre-Olympic Sport Conference

Conference logistics marred this quadrennial conference on science, education and medicine in sport held in Glasgow before the London Olympics. Young researchers had the benefit of a science café providing career tips and other valuable advice. Presentations relevant to athletic performance also made the conference worthwhile, including: generic skills and reflective practice for sport scientists; reflective practice at a soccer academy; deliberate practice for soccer players; deliberate and reflective practice in Gaelic footballers; talent development of a top soccer player; core training for swimmers; the flow experience for golfers and team-sport athletes; failure of light treatment for jet-lag in soccer; punches in boxing; imagery training in futsal; bioneural feedback in elite athletes; EEG patterns in archers; caffeine for physical impairment from cognitive fatigue; application of biomechanics to giant slalom, swimming and cricket; sport science in rugby sevens, badminton, curling, hockey and swimming; racepace warm-up for middle-distance runners; individualizing altitude exposure; challenges in research on effective coaching; skills of a top basketball player; fast-tracking elite athletes.
Recent progress in wide-area surveillance: protecting our pipeline infrastructure

The pipeline industry has millions of miles of pipes buried along the length and breadth of the country. Since none of the areas through which pipelines run are to be used for other activities, it needs to be monitored so as to know whether the right-of- way (RoW) of the pipeline is encroached upon at any point in time. Rapid advances made in the area of sensor technology have enabled the use of high end video acquisition systems to monitor the RoW of pipelines. The images captured by aerial data acquisition systems are affected by a host of factors that include light sources, camera characteristics, geometric positions and environmental conditions. We present a multistage framework for the analysis of aerial imagery for automatic detection and identification of machinery threats along the pipeline RoW which would be capable of taking into account the constraints that come with aerial imagery such as low resolution, lower frame rate, large variations in illumination, motion blurs, etc. The proposed framework is described from three directions. In the first part of the framework, a method is developed to eliminate regions from imagery that are not considered to be a threat to the pipeline. This method makes use of monogenic phase features into a cascade of pre-trained classifiers to eliminate unwanted regions. The second part of the framework is a part-based object detection model for searching specific targets which are considered as threat objects. The third part of the framework is to assess the severity of the threats to pipelines in terms of computing the geolocation and the temperature information of the threat objects. The proposed scheme is tested on the real-world dataset that were captured along the pipeline RoW.
Analysis Space Reduction with State Merging for Ensuring Safety Properties of Self-Adaptive Systems

Analyzing guaranteeable safety properties in a running environment aids the decision making of self-adaptive systems. Our previous work generates and updates an analysis space with respect to environmental changes for identifying guaranteeable safety properties efficiently. However, our work cannot use the existing technique for reducing the analysis space, which means that its analysis space has a state explosion problem. In this paper, we propose a new reduction method that merges states while preserving information required for the safety properties analysis. We prove that our technique satisfies the condition for identifying guaranteeable safety properties. In addition, we evaluate the reduction in gives by using a production cell example and confirm that, in the best case, our proposal reduces the analysis space as much as that of a reachability analysis technique that cannot be applied to safety properties analysis.
rofil de sensibilisation ux pneumallergènes des patients suivis our asthme à Cotonou , Bénin : étude ransversale par prick-tests ensitisation profile to airborne allergens of patients followed or asthma in Cotonou , Benin . A cross-sectional study using rick-tests

MOTS CLÉS Asthme ; Allergie ; Pneumallergène ; Prick-test ; Résumé Rationnel. — Le profil de sensibilisation aux pneumallergènes des patients asthmatiques suivis en milieu tropical au Bénin n’est pas connu. Patients et méthodes. — Une étude transversale descriptive a été réalisée d’avril à juin 2013 au centre de référence de Cotonou (Bénin). Un prick-test a été réalisé à tous les asthmatiques Acariens adultes vus en consultation pendant la période. Les extraits allergéniques standardisés testés étaient : acariens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [DP], Dermatophagoides farinae [DF], Blomia tropicalis [BT]), blattes, 5 graminées différentes, Alternaria, chiens et chats. Le test était positif lorsque le diamètre de la papule était supérieur ou égal à la moitié de celui du témoin positif et/ou lorsque le diamètre de la papule était ≥ 3 mm par rapport au témoin négatif.
A ug 2 01 7 PV criticality of AdS black holes in a general framework

In black hole thermodynamics, it has been observed that AdS black holes behave as van der Waals system if one interprets the cosmological constant as a pressure term. Also the critical exponents for the phase transition of AdS black holes and the van der Waals systems are same. Till now this type of analysis is done by two steps. In the first step one shows that a particular metric allows phase transition and in the second step, using this information, one calculates the exponents. Here, we present a different approach based on two universal inputs (the general forms of the Smarr formula and the first law of thermodynamics) and one assumption regarding the existence of van der Waal like critical point for a metric. We find that the same values of the critical exponents can be obtained by this approach. Thus we demonstrate that, though the existence of van der Waal like phase transition depends on specific metrics, the values of critical exponents are then fixed for that set of metrics.
Implementation of Time based 3-Axis Capacitive Accelerometer using COMSOL Multiphysics

Micro-electro-mechanical system or MEMS simply can be understood as a miniaturized mechanical and electromechanical elements i.e sensors, actuators, and microelectronics, that are made using methods of fabrication. Capacitive accelerometers are devices that measure the acceleration on a surface using capacitive sensing techniques. It can sense both static and dynamic acceleration. After this, it converts this acceleration into voltage or current. Whereas, in the capacitive pressure sensors, the pressure is sensed by mechanical elements such as plates, shells, and tubes that are designed and constructed to deflect when pressure is applied. These Capacitive pressure sensors have an edge over the piezoresistive ones since they consume less power. They are usually less temperature sensitive and have a lower fundamental noise floor. This model performs an analysis of a hypothetical sensor design using the electromechanical interface of COMSOL. The sensor is part of a silicon that has been bonded to a metal. The results throw light on the importance of considering packaging in the MEMS design process. Keywords-Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS); Capacitive Accelerometer; Capacitive Pressure Sensor.