Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sub-Tenon’s Ropivacaine Block for Pain Relief After primary Strabismus Surgery

Purpose: Pain is the main cause of patient distress/dissatisfaction after strabismus surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sub-Tenon’s block with ropivacaine at the end of strabismus surgery on post-operative pain. Methods: A prospective trial was conducted in 79 patients (age 1.0–65 years) scheduled for outpatient primary strabismus surgery with fixed sutures under general anesthesia (GA) at a major tertiary hospital. Half the patients were randomly allocated to receive sub-Tenon’s block with ropivacaine 0.2% at conclusion of the operation. Primary outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) scores at arrival to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), at discharge 3 hr later, 12–16 hr post-operatively, and 24 hr post-operatively. Supplemental analgesia requirements and patient satisfaction were recorded as well. Data were presented as median (range). Mann–Whitney test, Pearson χ2-test or Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis; p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were no between-group differences in median VAS scores at arrival to the PACU and at discharge, with a borderline difference at 24 hr post-operatively (p = 0.06). At 12–16 hr post-operatively, the median score was 0.0 (range 0–5) in the study group and 4.0 (range 0–6) in the controls (p < 0.001). The lower VAS score in the study group was associated with a lower rate of supplemental analgesia use (21.9% versus 57.9%, p = 0.001), fewer doses of supplemental analgesia (10 doses versus 35, p = 0.03), and higher patient satisfaction (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sub-Tenon’s block with ropivacaine 0.2% at the completion of outpatient primary strabismus surgery with fixed sutures under GA reduces pain 12–16 hr post-operatively and analgesia requirements 4–23 hr post-operatively.
A survey on Integration of Smart-grid with Home-automation System in Rural areas of Bangladesh

Smart grid is a concept by which the existing electrical grid infrastructure is being upgraded with integration of multiple technologies as like that two-way power flow, two-way communication, automated sensors, advanced automated controls and forecasting system. Smart grid enables interaction between the consumer and utility which allow the optimal usage of energy based on environmental, price preferences and system technical issues. This enables the grid to be more reliable, efficient and secure, while reducing greenhouse gases. This paper presents a survey of the recent literature on integrating renewable energy sources into smart grid system. Various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, maximizing utilization, reducing cost, and controlling emission have been explored normally. Not only that, Smart Home Automation System in Rural Area is a modern thinking for a country. This is a concept of developing. We call our country as “Digital Bangladesh. ” For digitalized our full country, Government should concern to rural area of our country. Day by day Smart Home Automation System is integrating in the rural area of our country.
Postnatal development of intestinal endocrine cell populations in the water buffalo

The frequency and distribution of 11 endocrine cell populations were studied in the intestine of differently aged buffalo, grouped on the basis of diet: 2‐d‐olds (suckling), 5‐mo‐olds (weaning) and 5‐y‐olds (ruminant adult diet). The endocrine cell populations were identified immunocytochemically using antisera against 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), COOH‐terminal octapeptide of gastrin/CCK, neurotensin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), secretin, glucagon/glicentin (GLU/GLI) and polypeptide YY (PYY). In adult buffalos the regional distribution of endocrine cells is similar to that of other adult ruminants. During postnatal development, these cell types showed the following changes in their frequency and distribution: (1) 5‐HT, neurotensin and gastrin/CCK immunoreactive cells (i.c.) showed a decrease in frequency with age; (2) somatostatin i.c. frequency remained stable with age; (3) motilin, GIP, secretin and CCK i.c. showed a slight increase in frequency with age; (4) GLU/GLI and PYY i.c. decreased in frequency with age in the small intestine, caecum and proximal colon and an increase in frequency in the rectum. It was hypothesised that the endocrine cell types, whose presence and localisation is substantially stable in all examined ages, probably contain substances that are strictly necessary for intestinal function. In contrast the hormones contained in the cell populations that decreased with age, are probably involved in physiological needs during the milk and weaning diet or play a role in intestinal growth.
SN 2009ip: CONSTRAINTS ON THE PROGENITOR MASS-LOSS RATE

Some supernovae (SNe) show evidence for mass-loss events taking place prior to their explosions. Measuring their pre-outburst mass-loss rates provides essential information regarding the mechanisms that are responsible for these events. Here we present XMM-Newton and Swift X-ray observations taken after the latest, and presumably the final, outburst of SN 2009ip. We use these observations as well as new near-infrared and visible-light spectra and published radio and visible-light observations to put six independent order-of-magnitude constraints on the mass-loss rate of the SN progenitor prior to the explosion. Our methods utilize the X-ray luminosity, the bound–free absorption, the Hα luminosity, the SN rise time, free–free absorption, and the bolometric luminosity of the outburst detected prior to the explosion. Assuming spherical mass loss with a wind-density profile, we estimate that the effective mass-loss rate from the progenitor was between 10−3 and 10−2 M☉ yr−1, over a few years prior to the explosion, with a velocity of ∼103 km s−1. This mass-loss rate corresponds to a total circumstellar matter (CSM) mass of ∼0.04 M☉, within 6 × 1015 cm of the SN. We note that the mass-loss rate estimate based on the Hα luminosity is higher by an order of magnitude. This can be explained if the narrow-line Hα component is generated at radii larger than the shock radius, or if the CSM has an aspherical geometry. We discuss simple geometries which are consistent with our results.
Find the errors, get the better: Enhancing machine translation via word confidence estimation

Abstract This paper presents two novel ideas of improving the Machine Translation (MT) quality by applying the word-level quality prediction for the second pass of decoding. In this manner, the word scores estimated by word confidence estimation systems help to reconsider the MT hypotheses for selecting a better candidate rather than accepting the current sub-optimal one. In the first attempt, the selection scope is limited to the MT N-best list, in which our proposed re-ranking features are combined with those of the decoder for re-scoring. Then, the search space is enlarged over the entire search graph, storing many more hypotheses generated during the first pass of decoding. Over all paths containing words of the N-best list, we propose an algorithm to strengthen or weaken them depending on the estimated word quality. In both methods, the highest score candidate after the search becomes the official translation. The results obtained show that both approaches advance the MT quality over the one-pass baseline, and the search graph re-decoding achieves more gains (in BLEU score) than N-best List Re-ranking method.
Reliability Evaluation of Underground Distribution Networks using Representative Networks

There has been a shift in focus in the regulation of distribution network monopolies, from asset based to performance-based regulation. The overall distribution revenue is a function not only of the operating and capital costs incurred by the network owner in providing the service, but also depends on the quality of customer service. Moreover, present regulation continues to encourage year-on-year performance improvements and requires that these improvements be achieved in a cost-effective way. Clearly, there is a need for a framework that enables network performances to be objectively compared, the differences to be understood and explained, and cost and benefits of alternative distribution network investment strategies to be evaluated (improvements in customers' service). The essential idea has been to analyse a small number of networks that represent large number of real feeders of the system. The approach can be used to assess individual companies an absolute basis or to compare the relative performance between companies. Furthermore, representative networks could optimised to achieve a most favourable balance between network expenditure and benefits in the form of improved performance. This process consists on the calculation of reference networks which would then enable the design of efficient investment policies
Optimal controller for stochastic linear systems with Poisson noises and unknown parameters

This paper presents the optimal Linear- Quadratic-Poisson (LQP) controller for stochastic linear systems with Poisson noises and unknown parameters. The optimal controller equations are obtained using the separation principle, whose applicability to the considered problem is substantiated. Performance of the obtained optimal LQP controller is verified in the illustrative example against the LQP controller that is optimal for linear systems with known parameters. Simulation graphs demonstrating overall performance and computational accuracy of the designed LQP controller for stochastic linear systems with Poisson noises and unknown parameters are included.
Responses of the Human Submandibular Artery to ACh and VIP

Endothelial vasodilatory substances may play a central role in the local regulation of vascular tone. We hypothesized that these substances can mediate endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the human submandibular artery. We evaluated the contributions of endothelial vasodilatory substances to vessel relaxation in response to ACh and VIP, using different inhibitors of endothelial vasodilation, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, the potassium channel blocker, and 4-aminopyridine. ACh and VIP caused an endothelium- and concentration-dependent relaxation in this artery. ACh relaxation was completely blocked after the concomitant addition of NG-nitro-L-arginine and indomethacin. The vasorelaxant effect of ACh was not influenced by 4-aminopyridine. VIP relaxation was almost completely abolished by 4-aminopyridine, and was partly inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine, but was not affected by indomethacin. Thus, in the human submandibular artery, ACh and VIP produced endothelium-dependent vasodilation with different underlying mechanisms: release of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclo-oxygenase products for ACh, and release of NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor for VIP.
Design and implementation of kinematics model and trajectory planning for NAO humanoid robot in a tic-tac-toe board game

The ability of NAO robot to play tic-tac-toe board game using its hands is greatly determined by the kinematics model of NAO's arms and the use of trajectory planning for manipulation tasks. In this paper, kinematics models for NAO's upper body are presented. The forward kinematics models are designed by using the modified Denavit-Hartenberg convention. The inverse kinematics models of 5-joints NAO's arms are obtained by using analytical inverse transform technique in which provide unique and feasible solutions. The movement of NAO's arms while playing tic-tac-toe is constructed by using the proposed 3-Dimensional Cartesian Space trajectory planning method. The test result shows that the implemented trajectory planning method along with kinematics model are able to make NAO robot plays tic-tac-toe well by using its hands.
An Ontology-centered Approach for Designing an Interactive Competence Management System for IT Companies

The paper presents a generic framework for an intelligent information system of competence management based on ontologies for information technology companies. In a first step it will be applied in an information technology (IT) small enterprise and then its applicability will be verified for other organizations of the same type. The work presented in the paper is performed under the project â€œCONTO â€“ Ontology-based Competencies Management in Information Technologyâ€ funded by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, involving two universities, a research institute and an IT private company. A competence management system (CMS), in our vision has to achieve three functions: (a) to support the complete and systematic acquisition of knowledge about the competence of the members of an enterprise; (b) to provide the knowledge about competences and their owners; (c) to apply the available knowledge to serve a purpose. The core of the competence management information system is an ontology that plays the role of the declarative knowledge repository containing the basic concepts (such as: company-job, competence, domain, group, person etc.) and their relationships with other concepts, instances and properties. The ProtA©gA© environment was used for the development of this ontology. The structure of the ontology is conceived so that description logics can be used to represent the concept definitions of the application domain in a structured and formally well-understood way. Knowledge acquisition is performed in our approach by enriching the ontology, according to the requirements of the IT company. An advantage of using an ontology-based system is the possibility of the identification of new relations among concepts based on inferences starting from the existing knowledge. The user can choose to query instances of one type of concept. The paper also presents some use-cases.
Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Red Blood Cells as a Function of Hematocrit and Oxygenation*

The reaction rate between nitric oxide and intraerythrocytic hemoglobin plays a major role in nitric oxide bioavailability and modulates homeostatic vascular function. It has previously been demonstrated that the encapsulation of hemoglobin in red blood cells restricts its ability to scavenge nitric oxide. This effect has been attributed to either factors intrinsic to the red blood cell such as a physical membrane barrier or factors external to the red blood cell such as the formation of an unstirred layer around the cell. We have performed measurements of the uptake rate of nitric oxide by red blood cells under oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions at different hematocrit percentages. Our studies include stopped-flow measurements where both the unstirred layer and physical barrier potentially participate, as well as competition experiments where the potential contribution of the unstirred layer is limited. We find that deoxygenated erythrocytes scavenge nitric oxide faster than oxygenated cells and that the rate of nitric oxide scavenging for oxygenated red blood cells increases as the hematocrit is raised from 15% to 50%. Our results 1) confirm the critical biological phenomenon that hemoglobin compartmentalization within the erythrocyte reduces reaction rates with nitric oxide, 2) show that extra-erythocytic diffusional barriers mediate most of this effect, and 3) provide novel evidence that an oxygen-dependent intrinsic property of the red blood cell contributes to this barrier activity, albeit to a lesser extent. These observations may have important physiological implications within the microvasculature and for pathophysiological disruption of nitric oxide homeostasis in diseases.
A high-thrust linear electric motor prototype for perspective replacement of shipboard hydraulic actuators

Many shipboard loads requiring high torques at very low speeds, like capstans, bow thrusters, rudders, stabilizing fins, etc., are presently driven by hydrostatic actuators. This paper presents an innovative inverter-fed electric linear motor prototype conceived to replace hydrostatic drives with large expected benefits in compactness, maintenance, efficiency and reliability. The linear motor prototype has been designed through special optimization algorithms based on finite element analysis to maximize the force density. The electromagnetic and mechanical structure has been also selected to achieve superior reliability by means of structural simplicity, robustness and redundancy. Along with design criteria, the paper outlines the prototype technology and the construction issues and provides some testing results collected during the experimental performance assessment.
Effectiveness of memory specificity training for cognitive-emotional distinctiveness in patients with PTSD

Memories of stressful or traumatic events constitute one source of unwanted emotional reactions. Patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have strong emotional association with traumatic memories which results in intensity of cognitive vulnerability and symptoms. In overgeneral autobiographical memory reduction, as the severe avoidance and cognitive vulnerability decrease, the emotional cognitive distinction increases by creating an emotional exposure via reducing the connection between the emotional and event nodes. In a semi-pilot plan, 24 subjects (12 males and 12 females) with PTSD, were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The subjects in the former group received memory specificity training, whereas the latter were placed on a waiting list, instead. Afterwards, the scores on CED, AMT, and IES-R were collected from both groups prior to and after the intervention and during the one-month follow-up period. The data were then analyzed using multivariable variance analysis statistical tests with repeated measures. The findings were indicative of effectiveness of MEST in reducing the cognitive vulnerability and increased cognitive-emotional distinctiveness in the experimental group as compared with the control group. In case the higher levels of CED turn out to be an adaptive defense mechanism in terms of negative events that protects the individuals from repeated experience of negative emotions, both memory specificity training and autobiographical memory specification in these patients are capable of improving the cognitive-emotional distinction by reducing the trauma-related cognitive vulnerability.
A Standardized Composition Comprised of Extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis, Annona squamosa and Zanthoxylum clava-herculis for Cellulite

Background: Cellulite, characterized by changes in the skin morphology presented as dimpled or puckered skin appearance, is highly prevalent among postadolescent women. Cellulite management ranges from topical cream applications to invasive procedures. While some interventions showed improvements in physical appearances of affected areas, so far, none have reversed the condition to a full recovery. These unsuccessful measures signify the intricate nature of cellulite etiology highlighting its complexity leading to the possibility for a combination treatment approach to target multiple mechanisms. Materials and Methods: We screened our plant library for extracts that reduce cellular lipid accumulation, improve microcirculation, possess high total antioxidant capacity, significant anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activities using lipid accumulation assay in 3T3-L1 cells, Croton oil-induced hemorrhoid test in rats as a model for microcirculation, anti-platelet aggregation assay, nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Results: Three known botanicals such as Rosemary officinalis, Annona squamosa and Zanthoxylum clava-herculis were identified as lead extracts in these tests. Treatment of 3T3 cell with A. squamosa at 1 μg/ml resulted in 68.8% reduction in lipid accumulation. In croton oil-induced hemorrhoid study, Z. clava-herculis reduced the recto-anus coefficient by 79.6% at 6 mg/kg indicating improvement in microcirculations. Similarly, R. officinalis caused inhibition of 82%, 71.8%, and 91.8% in platelet aggregation, NO production and free radical generation at 31.25 μg/ml, 6.2 μg/ml, and 40 μg/ml concentrations suggesting its anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Conclusions: Data depicted here suggest that formulation of these well-known botanicals at a specific ratio perhaps may yield a composition with a much wider spectrum of mechanisms of actions to impact the multiple pathways involved in cellulite onset, continuation, or exacerbations. Abbreviations Used: GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice; CA: Carnosic acid; NF-kB: nuclear factor-kB; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; EtOH: Ethanol; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; SD: Sprague Dawley; RAC: recto-anus coefficient; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; NO: Nitric oxide
The Influence of Psychological Stress on the Immune Response to Vaccines a

Abstract: We compared virus‐specific antibody and T‐cell responses to influenza virus vaccination in 32 caregivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and matched control subjects. Caregivers showed a poorer antibody response and virus‐specific T‐cell response following vaccination compared to the control subjects as measured by fourfold increases in antibody titers to the vaccine and lower levels of virus‐induced IL‐2 levels in vitro. We performed a second study in which forty‐eight medical students were inoculated with a series of three injections of the hepatitis‐B (HEP‐B) vaccine to coincide with the third day of three, three‐day examination blocks. Twelve of the 48 medical students seroconverted after the first injection; these students were characterized by falling into the lower stressed/lower anxiety group of students. Students who reported greater social support and lower anxiety and stress demonstrated a higher antibody response to the vaccine and a more vigorous T‐cell response to HEP‐B surface antigen at the end of the third examination experience. The differences in antibody and T‐cell responses to HEP‐B and influenza virus vaccinations provide a demonstration of how stress may be able to alter both the cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccines and novel pathogens in both younger and older adults.