Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers on the International Trade

In the modern world economy, tariff and non-tariff barrier regulation acts as an effective regulator, promoting greater openness of the market, or as the most widespread foreign trade instrument of protectionism. Over the past decades there has been a steady decline in the rates of import customs duties. On the other hand, non-tariff measures to regulate foreign trade are being applied more and more effectively. But at the same time customs and tariff policy continues to be a key factor determining the national trade regime and the conditions for access of foreign products to the domestic market. The main purpose of this research is to assess the influence of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on international trade, as these factors play an essential role in the international trade. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the work of scientists in the field of finance, state regulation of foreign economic activity and international relations. In the methodology part gravity model regression is assessed for tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs) regulating foreign trade flows. As result, non-tariff barriers (NTMs) such as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) and Technical Barriers to trade (TBT) have had the largest negative impact.
Inhibitory Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei Isolated from “kunun zaki” (a Nigerian Fermented Beverage) against Helicobacter pylori Inhibitory Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei Isolated from “kunun zaki” (A Nigerian Fermented Beverage) against He

The attempt to use probiotic lactic acid bacteria from a popular fermented beverage in a Nigeria (kunun zaki) is a quest to find an ideal cure for Helicobcter pylori-induced gastritis, gastric malignancies and peptic ulcer. The lactic acid bacteria counts of the samples of the beverage were determined and the organisms were identified using standard bacteriological methods and tested against Helicobacter pylori.The results showed the mean Lactic acid bacterial count to be 4.5x 10 cfu/ml while the microbial flora in the beverage were Lactobacillus acidophilus (50%), Lactobacillus casei (20%), Lactobacillus plantarum (10%), Bacillus cereus (10%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10%) with their respective frequencies of occurrences in parentheses. The inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus with the mean zone of inhibition of 51.25mm was found to be more effective against Helicobacter pylori strain J99, while Lactobacillus casei with the zone of inhibition of 39.50mm was more effective against strain P12. The synergistic effect of the two lactobacilli combined in equal proportion against both strain J99 and strain P12 with the mean zones of inhibition of 80.00mm and 77.75mm respectively for the H. pylori strains were significantly higher than those of the individual lactobacilli used. It could be concluded from this study that the two Lactobacillus sp from ‘kununzaki’ demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against Helicobacter pylori and further studies are recommended to validate if they could serve as probiotic alternatives to the treatment of H. pyloriinduced peptic ulcers.
A war in the head. The new model of Russian propaganda as a Hobbesian time of the disposition of war

A major part of research into cyber‐propaganda discusses the following components it uses: disinformation, creating fake news and employing so‐called farm trolls. Actions of this kind do not correspond with the classic division of soft and hard power, since neither can their goals nor the means they utilise be unambiguously defined as coercion, payment, or attraction (Nye, 2009; Mazur‐Bubak, 2020). In my article, I describe the hidden means of propaganda employed by the Russian Federation that are additionally supported by a process of armament which cannot be classified as an act of disinformation. These actions aim at achieving a specific type of psychological vantage which stems from an atmosphere of fear, lack of trust, and enmity created within European societies as a result of the incoming information about Russia’s increasing military potential as well as new, dangerous means and resources that could be utilised in combat. Such an atmosphere is referred to as a “war in the head”, and it pertains to the personal belief that a military conflict is imminent, expressed by individual citizens including those in key public offices. This phenomenon, while bringing to mind Hobbes’ state of nature which encompasses the distinct readiness to fight, directly afflicts the internal and international security of European states. Such a situation directly afflicts the internal and international security of European states, for the state of fear and distrust leads to the dismantlement of public democratic institutions, and it does not help in the search for effective methods of solving either internal or global problems (Nussbaum, 2018).
A review on Medicago sativa: A potential medicinal plant

Medicago sativa (Family: Fabaceae) was used traditionally for the treatment of arthritis, kidney problems, fever, as diuretic, anti-cancer, anti-rheumatic, cardiotonic, depurative, lactagogue, emmenagogue, antiscorbutic and in the treatment of boils. Leaves and sprouts were also consumed as vegetable salad. The leaves or seeds were sold as bulk powdered herb, capsules, and tablets for nutritional supplement in health food stores. The phytochemical analysis of Medicago sativashowed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, lignin, phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, sterols, phytoestrogens, flavones, isoflavonoids and phenolic compounds. The previous pharmacological investigation showed that the plant possessed antioxidant, antidiabetic, reproductive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, dermatological, anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, immunological, cardioprotective, cytotoxic, anti-scorbutic, anti-anemic, xanthine oxidase inhibition and many other pharmacological effects. The current review discussed the bioactive constituents and pharmacological activities of Medicago sativa.
Investigating of fear of COVID-19 after pregnancy and association with breastfeeding

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has certainly become the most important global problem. Deficient information may increase the fear of COVID-19, affect pregnant women's psychology, and even affect breastfeeding during the postpartum period. This study aimed to assess the fear of the COVID-19 pandemic after pregnancy and its association with breastfeeding. Methods: A cross-sectional study designed to survey all pregnant women who gave birth at ≥36 weeks between March 10 and June 10, 2020, at the Private Nisa Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Participants respond to questions related to sociodemographic, genealogical, pregnancy, birth information, postpartum baby care, and breastfeeding status, in addition to the 7-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (fcv-19s) via phone. Descriptive, bivariate, and linear regression analysis was performed to predict fcv-19s. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 906 (response rate 78.8%) respondents with a mean age of 29.59 (±4.74years) were included in the study. Most of them were highly educated (75.2%), housewives(86.1%), and living in nuclear families (96.1%). The majority of women (92.9%) gave birth at 38 weeks via cesarean section (71.7%) and breastfeeding (94.2%). Although the mean score of (fcv-19s) was high in non-breastfeeding mothers, no significant correlation was seen in bivariate analysis. In the linear regression analysis, the highly educated, good income status, having at least once follow-up a month, having a history of psychiatric disease, cesarean section delivery, competence in baby care, breastfeeding, and milk adequacy significantly predicted the (fcv-19s) (R = 0.67, R2 = 0.46, F = 42.10, p < 0.001). Conclusions: During pandemics, including COVID-19, the psychological state of society is negatively affected, and therefore special attention must be given to the most affected groups, especially pregnant and postpartum women.
ANALYSING ELECTION CANDIDATE EXPOSURE IN BROADCAST MEDIA USING WEAKLY SUPERVISED TRAINING

This thesis studies the possibility to use weakly supervised training in a more complex and real world scenario for identifying speakers. Previously this kind of task has been done only by using pre-validated training data from a single source. In this work the data is aggregated automatically from multiple sources and it might contain impure samples. The setting for the experiment is the 2019 Estonian Parliament elections and speaker models are created for the election candidates. With weakly supervised speaker identification the candidates exposure to broadcast media is analysed. The conducted experiment proves that it is possible to train speaker identification models by automatically aggregating data from different sources. For the current attempt data from YouTube and Estonian Public Broadcasting archive was used for training the models and for experiments a hand picked set of debates, which did not occur in the training set, were used. The observations did not directly indicate towards the improvement of election result by having more exposure to broadcast media. The experiment shows that it is possible to use this kind of method to analyse such public events. This thesis is written in English and is 64 pages long, including 8 chapters, 24 figures, 8 tables and 6 equations.
IoT based Smart Grid Attack Resistance in AC and DC State Estimation

Use of automation and intelligence in smart grids has led to implementation in a number of applications. When internet of things is incorporated it will result in the significant improvement a number of factors such as fault recovery, energy delivery efficiency, demand response and reliability. However, the collaboration of internet of things and smart grid gives rise to a number of security issues and threats. This is especially the case when using internet based protocols and public communication infrastructure. To address these issues we should ensure that the data stored is secure and critical information from the data is extracted in a careful manner. If any threat to its security is detective an early blackout warning should be issued immediately. In this paper we have proposed a geometric view point for big data attacks which is capable of bypassing bad data detection. We have created an environment where replay scheme is used launch blind energy big data attack. The defence mechanism of our proposed work is studied and found to be efficient. Experimental evidence supports our theory and we have found our methodology to efficiently improve error detection rate.
Surface Functional Groups and Graphitization Degree of Soot in the Sooting History of Methane Premixed Flame

The evolution of surface functional groups (SFGs) and the graphitization degree of soot generated in premixed methane flames are studied and the correlation between them is discussed. Test soot samples were obtained from an optimized thermophoretic sampling system and probe sampling system. The SFGs of soot were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after removing the soluble impurities from the soot samples, while the graphitization degree of soot was characterized by Raman spectrum and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The results reveal that the number of aliphatic C – H groups and C=O groups shows an initial increase and then decrease in the sooting history. The large amount of aliphatic C – H groups and small amount of aromatic C – H groups in the early stage of the soot mass growth process indicate that aliphatic C – H groups make a major contribution to the early stage of soot mass growth. The higher graphitization degree of soot appears at low height above the burner when the graphite core is formed. The graphitization degree of soot rapidly decreases in the early mass growth stage then increases in the maturation process. The results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SFGs, and the graphitization degree verify the assumption that the nascent soot consists of a graphite-like core and an aliphatic shell. There is a strong correlation between SFGs and graphitization degree in the early stage of the soot mass growth process. During the soot maturation process, the correlation between SFGs and graphitization degree weakens. The SFGs may be related to the aggregate soot particle properties, such as fractal dimension.
Inflow of Remittances and its Impact on Economic Growth of Bangladesh

Workers’ remittances (WRs) are the cash inflows in foreign exchange coming from abroad into their home country. It is a prime root of foreign exchange earnings and these large inflows of remittances have vast effects to the economy. Migration plays a critical role in the economy in two main ways: First, by shirinking unemployment and second, by supplying remittance inflows for the country. Among South Asia, Bangladesh is a lower-middle-income country. In spite of a number of problems, the country is moving forward over time. Its overseas employment consists of professional, skilled, semi-skilled, and less-skilled labor forces. In every year, near about two million young people are added to the labor force (BBS, 2013). However, the country lacks the ability to create sufficient jobs to absorb them. The country’s population increased from 71 million in 1976 to 161 million in 2018 while the total working population or labor forces (age group-20–54) augmented to 91.44 million in 2018 from 31.73 million in 1976 (World Bank, 2019). Figure 1 presents the increasing trends of population and labor force of Bangladesh. This huge number of workforce needs to be absorbed in employment to make certain their involvement in the economic advancement of the country as well as to improve their standard of living. Migration of a huge number of labor force results higher remittance inflows in the country. It is notable that inflow of remittances is increasing over the years in Bangladesh which plays a significant role in the advancement of the migrant families and the country as well. Thus, remittances turn into an essential aspect for the socioeconomic progress of Bangladesh. It has a significant role to maintain a favorable balance of Abstract
Health belief model concept on the prevention of coronavirus disease-19 using path analysis in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Effective prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) requires public health focus on challenges at the community level. This study aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 preventive behavior among people in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, using the health belief model. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The study sample included 385 randomly selected individuals. The dependent variable was COVID-19 preventive behavior. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis using Stata Statistical Software version 13 for Windows 64 bit. Results: COVID-19 preventive behavior was positively and directly associated with perceived benefits (b=0.20; confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.11-0.29; p<0.001), perceived barriers (b=–0.15; CI 95% –0.24-–0.06; p=0.002), and biological sex (b=–0.43; CI 05% –0.78-–0.08; p=0.016). Preventive behavior was also positively and directly associated with attitude (b=0.48; CI 95% –0.20-1.16; p=0.167) and perceived susceptibility (b=0.06; CI 95% –0.01-0.12; p=0.083), though these associations were not significant. Preventive behavior was indirectly associated with knowledge, perceived severity, age, health facility availability, and regulation exposure. Conclusion: COVID-19 preventive behavior among people in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, is directly related to the perceived benefits, biological sex, perceived barriers, attitude, and perceived susceptibility. Preventive behavior of COVID-19 is indirectly associated with knowledge, perceived severity, age, health facility availability, and exposure to regulation.
The Application of Farmers Training Model for Sustainable Farming Agriculture During Covid 19 Pandemic

The objectives of this research are as follows: (1) to know the knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior of farmers to keep away from the Corona Virus, increase income and environmental quality in technical irrigation areas before and after being trained on: how to keep away from the Corona Virus, the ecosystem wet farming areas, conservation, environment, and farming, (2) to know the effects of experiments whose materials are: how to keep away from the Corona Virus, wet farming area ecosystems, conservation, the environment, and farming to increase knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and the behavior of farmers to keep away from the Corona Virus, increase income, and environmental quality in technical irrigation areas. The research approach is experimental research. The research location was selected by purposive sampling method, namely: Langkemme irrigation area (experimental area) and Saddang irrigation area (control area). There were 25 farmers trained (experimental group) and 25 people (control group). The research variables were: (1) knowledge, attitude, motivation, and keep away from the corona virus before and after the experiment, (2) the effect of the experiment on increasing knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and keep away from the corona virus, increasing income, and environmental quality in the technical irrigation area. The analysis used in this research was descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The inferential model is the independent t test. The results of the research showed that as follows: (1) knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior of farmers to keep away from the corona virus, increase income, and the quality of the environment in the technical irrigation area before being trained are in the low category, (2) knowledge, attitude, motivation, and the behavior of farmers to keep away from the corona virus, increase income, and the quality of the environment in technical irrigation areas after being trained are in the high category, (3) the effect of training (experimentation) is very positive on increasing knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and keep away of farmers' behavior themselves from the Corona Virus, increasing income and environmental quality in technical irrigation areas.
Use of Fintech for Payment: Approach to Technology Acceptance Model Modified

This study examined the effect of two main perceptions on TAM models along with web security perceptions of the attitudes and intention to use fintech. Web security perceptions are considered as additional variables are important in influencing attitudes and intention to use of fintech because users will use information systems. Sample was selected by the snowball method. Fintech usage questionnaire was developed using existing scales from prior tam instruments and modified where appropriate. 147 participants completed the survey questionnaire measuring their responses to perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes towards usage and behavioral intention to use. The results showed that the variable perception of the usefulness of a positive influence on the attitude of the use of fintech, perceived security web effect on the attitude of the use of fintech and attitudes towards usage influence intention to use of fintech. The perceived ease of use and the perceived ease of use are not significant effect on the perception of the use of fintech.
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING

: In this study, hardware-in-the-loop based real-time state of charge estimation was performed in Li-Ion batteries, which are widely used in hybrid and battery electric vehicles. The state of charge is estimated on the Li-Ion battery cell that forms the electric vehicle battery system. Multi-layer perceptron approach has been preferred as a method for estimating the battery state of charge. Discharge experiments based on different electrical loads were applied to the Li-Ion battery cell to be used in multilayer perceptron learning processes. An experimental setup has been prepared to perform the discharge process under different electrical loads. In each discharge experiment, battery open circuit voltage, battery discharge current and battery cell temperature parameters were measured and were recorded. By using the data obtained from the experiments on the battery cell, a multilayer perceptron model was created in MATLAB environment. After creating the multilayer perceptron model, the real-time battery state of charge the was estimated at different discharge currents in the experimental setup and the results obtained were evaluated.
Amelioration of Acidic Nitisols Using Lime and Vermicompost in Negasa Area, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

The study was conducted at Negasa area in Guto Gida district to mitigate soil acidity using lime and vermicompost application on bread wheat land use of farmer’s field during 2018 main cropping season. The factors studied were four levels of agricultural lime (0, 50, 100 and 150% RR rated based on exchangeable acidity method) applied one month before planting and three levels of vermicompost (0, 2.5 and 5 t ha-1) applied two weeks before planting. The treatments were laid out as a RCBD in a factorial arrangement, and replicated three times. Representative soil samples were taken before and after planting. The soil physicochemical properties were analyzed following standard procedures. The soil pH and exchangeable basic cations (Ca and K) were significantly increased by 7.62, 31.16 and 26.08% respectively while exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Mg were significantly decreased by 47.73 and 26.53% respectively due to lime application at a level of 150% RR compared to control. While only exchangeable Mg, K and Na and soil bulk density were improved due to vermicompost application. The interaction effect of lime and vermicompost significantly influenced bulk density and total nitrogen of the soil. Simple correlation analysis among soil properties indicates that soil exchangeable acidity is significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH, exchangeable Ca and Na. It can be concluded that application of lime at the rate of 150% RR improve most chemical properties of acidic soil. Similar effort should be done over years to determine the long-term effect of lime and vermicompost on such acidic soil properties.
High-Risk Coronary Revascularization in a Patient with Acute Myocardial Infarction - Culprit Lesion in Last Remaining Vessel - Case Report

There is still conflicting evidence concerning the optimal therapeutic approach during cardiogenic shock in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We present a case of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with the RCA deemed culprit lesion due to absence of collaterals to the chronically occluded LAD and CFX. The 71-year-old patient presented to chest-pain-unit with angina pectoris Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grading III. Severe 2-vessel coronary artery disease was already diagnosed in 2014 with recommendation for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the patient refused CABG at the time because of freedom from symptoms. Despite full revascularization by percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI) and mechanical circulatory support with Impella and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the patient died a few days later because of progressive hemodynamic decline and severe vascular complications. While using mechanical circulatory support during cardiogenic shock, several complications especially vascular complications are to be expected. Therefore, we should aim to remove the Impella as soon as possible or if further needed consider switching it to central Impella. Furthermore, it remains questionable to what extent recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTO) in cardiogenic shock impact patient outcomes.