Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGES TO ANIMAL WELFARE DURING TRANSPORTATION OF WILD MAMMALS: A REVIEW (1990–2020)

Abstract: Wild mammal transport is an important component of conservation translocation as well as the economic wildlife trade. This article reviews the physiological responses to transport that have been measured in wild mammalian species, factors associated with these responses, and interventions that have been applied to mitigate these responses. By organizing the literature review along the “five domains model” of animal welfare, namely, the physical-functional domains (nutrition, environment, health, behavior) and the mental domain (mental state), it can be demonstrated that wild mammal transport is associated with challenges to ensuring positive animal welfare in all five domains. Transported wild mammals can experience dehydration, catabolism, fatigue, immunosuppression, behavioral changes, and stress. Factors influencing these physiological responses to transport have only been researched in a few studies encompassing species, journey length, ambient temperature, vehicle motion, stocking density, orientation, habituation, vehicle speed allowance, and road type. The administration of tranquilizers has been shown to mitigate negative physiological responses to transport. There is a need to further investigate species and situation-specific physiological responses to transport and factors associated with these responses in order to identify challenges to ensuring animal welfare and improving translocation success.
Preparation of hydrophilic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) macroporous scaffolds through enzyme-mediated modifications

Scaffolds made from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) were prepared by thermally induced phase separation from solutions in dioxane at temperatures above (23°C) or below the freezing point of the solvent. At 23°C, gelation occured with nano-fibrous network formation. The scaffolds prepared at —12°C and —25°C exhibited a highly porous morphology, with pores in the range of 3—25 μm, caused by freezing of dioxane. The macroporous scaffolds, prepared at —12°C, were treated with lipase to generate functional groups to which gelatin and glucosamine, respectively, were chemically coupled. The modified scaffolds had lower molecular weight, higher water content, lower melting temperature, and enthalpy. Cultivation of human embryonic fibroblasts on the macroporous scaffolds confirmed that the cells proliferated and adhered to the materials.
Individual- and party-level determinants of far-right support among women in Western Europe

Abstract Support for Western Europe’s far-right is majority-male. However, given the sweeping success of the party family, literature on this ‘gender gap’ belies support given to the radical right by millions of women. We examine differences between men and women’s support for far-right parties, focusing on workplace experience, positions on economic and cultural issues, and features of far-right parties themselves. We find that the received scholarship on blue-collar support for far-right populists is a largely male phenomenon, and women in routine nonmanual (i.e. service, sales, and clerical) work are more likely than those in blue-collar work to support the far-right. Moreover, while men who support the far-right tend to be conservative on other moral issues, certain liberal positions predict far-right support among women, at both the voter and party level. Our analysis suggests that gender differences may obscure the socio-structural and attitudinal bases of support for far-right parties and have broader implications for comparative political behavior and gender and politics.
Water Sorption Isotherms of Pistachio Nuts

Abstract The adsorption and desorption isotherms of pistachio nuts (kernel and shell) were measured at 15, 25 and 40°C using a gravimetric method. Hysteresis was more pronounced in the shell than in the kernel and reduced as the temperature increased. The isosteric heat of desorption, calculated from the slope of a ln a w vs. 1/ T plot, was higher than the isosteric heat of adsorption. The GAB equation gave satisfactory goodness of fit with average percent deviation of less than 5%.
A novel boRon-bASed molecule, In PhASe 2 TRIAlS foR The ToPIcAl TReATmenT of ToenAIl onychomycoSIS

References 1. rock Fl et al (2007) an antifungal agent inhibits an aminoacyl-trNa synthetase by trapping trNa in the editing site. Science 316:1759-61. 2. Data on file. Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 3. Baker SJ et al (2007) In vitro nail penetration of AN2690, effect of vehicle and coefficient of efficacy. Presented at American Academy of Dermatology 65th Annual Meeting. 2-6 Feb 2007, Washington, DC. Poster available at http://www.anacor. com/pdf/poster_1800. pdf
Advances in The Diagnosis and Treatment of Achalasia of The Cardia: a Review

Abstract Idiopathic achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by the loss of the lower esophageal sphincter ganglion, resulting in impaired lower esophageal relaxation and absence of esophageal peristalsis. Patients commonly present with progressive dysphagia accompanied by reflux, heartburn, retrosternal pain, and severe weight loss. Diagnosis is primarily based on the patient’s chief complaints, barium esophagography, and the most recent high-resolution manometry. Endoscopic assessment and endoscopic ultrasonography also have significant value with regard to the exclusion of esophageal anatomical lesions, neoplastic diseases, and pseudoachalasia. However, as most patients with achalasia demonstrate a gradual onset, early diagnosis is difficult. Currently, treatment of idiopathic achalasia, including pneumatic dilation, stent placement, and surgical myotomy, is aimed at reducing lower esophageal sphincter pressure and relieving the symptoms of dysphagia. Peroral endoscopic myotomy has gradually become the mainstream treatment because it causes less trauma and has a rapid recovery rate. This article reviews the main methods of diagnosis and treatment of achalasia, with an emphasis on the potential of peroral endoscopic myotomy and the advancements of immunotherapy for achalasia.
The non-linear effects of the Fed asset purchases

Abstract The Federal Reserve responded to the great financial crisis deploying new monetary policy tools, the most notable of which being the expansion of its balance sheet. In a recent paper, Weale, M. , and T. Wieladek. 2016. “What Are the Macroeconomic Effects of Asset Purchases? ” Journal of Monetary Economics 79 (C): 81–93 show that the asset purchases were effective in stimulating economic activity as well as inflation and asset prices. Here I show that their results are state dependent: large scale asset purchase are effective only when financial markets are impaired. Financial markets are under stress when the effective risk-bearing capacity of the financial sector is drastically reduced, i.e. when the excess bond premium (EBP) of Gilchrist, S. , and E. Zakrajšek. 2012. “Credit Spreads and Business Cycle Fluctuations. ” The American Economic Review 102 (4): 1692–72 exceed a certain threshold. Using an estimated threshold vector autoregressive model conditional on the EBP regime, I show that an increase in the balance sheet has expansionary effects on GDP and inflation when EBP is high, but not when it is low (as its effects become mostly insignificant). I argue that the high EBP can be interpreted as a proxy of market dis-functioning so that only when this channel of transmission is on, the unconventional policy is particularly effective. This suggests that models of transmission of unconventional policies, based on asset purchases, should focus also on the market functioning channel and not only on the portfolio balance one.
An intelligent management system for aquaponics

Abstract Population rise, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and food security require efficient and sustainable food production. Aquaponics is a highly efficient way of farming and is becoming increasingly popular. However, large scale aquaponics still lack stability, standardization and proof of economical profitability. The EU-INAPRO project helps to overcome these limitations by introducing digitization, enhanced technology, and developing standardized modular scalable solutions and demonstrating the viability of large aquaponics. INAPRO is based on an innovation a double water recirculation system (DRAPS), one for fish, and the other one for crops. In DRAPS, optimum conditions can be set up individually for fish and crops to increase productivity of both. Moreover, the integration of digital technologies and data management in the aquaculture production and processing systems will enable full traceability and transparency in the processes, increasing consumers’ trust in aquaculture products. In this paper, the innovations and the digitization approach will be introduced and explained and the key benefits of the system will be emphasized.
Metaphorical thinking in our literary experiences of J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”

Abstract This article explores how literary texts, in this case the novel “Catcher in the Rye” by J.D. Salinger, elicit metaphorical thinking as a major part of readers’ interpretive experiences. Our main argument is that metaphorical thinking does not arise only given our encounter with individual verbal metaphors, but emerges in various ways as part of our habitual forms of imaginative metaphorical understandings. Metaphorical thinking is closely linked to embodied simulation processes by which readers project themselves imaginatively into the lives of story characters. Embodied simulation processes capture readers’ rich phenomenological characteristics (e.g., immersion, absorption, transportation) of literary experience. Metaphorical thinking unfolds in hierarchical layers across different time spans during literary reading.
Detroit’s community benefits ordinance: setbacks and opportunities to giving residents a voice in development

ABSTRACT In 2016, Detroiters passed a community benefits ordinance with the main goal of having their voices heard in the process of development negotiating a set of benefits that will be delivered at the cost of the developer. To evaluate how effectively this new approach has incorporated the voices of Detroiters into developments, we conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with residents, developers and planners, and policy documents. We propose several amendments to the Ordinance like more inclusionary selection of residents for negotiations, lengthening the timeline, and removing interference from overlapping agreements that may prevent local communities from winning certain benefits.
Passivating thin bifacial silicon solar cells for industrial production

A scheme for passivating thin multi‐crystalline silicon solar cells compatible to mass production is presented. Wafers with a thickness of 180 µm were processed into solar cells. The otherwise severe bowing has been avoided by reduced aluminium coverage on the rear surface. The process scheme includes a silicon nitride firing through step for conventional screen printed contacts, where a silicon nitride layer on the rear surface acts as surface passivation layer and enables a gain in efficiency of 0.6% [abs. ]. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Construction of Nanoscale CdTe‐CdS Bulk Heterojunctions for Inorganic Nanocrystal Solar Cells

To take the advantage of charge-separated heterostructures in solution-processed inorganic NCs solar cells, we propose to develop an alternative way to construct core/shell NCs in which the core is incompletely capped by the shell. In this case, charge transfer and bicontinuous pathways can be achieved in the assembly of the NCs. Semiconductor NCs synthesized through the aqueous approach are widely applied in light emitting diodes, bioimaging, energy scavenging and biosensing due to their green synthesis, easy functionalization and strong photoluminescence. [ 34–37 ] In contrast, the investigations about application of aqueous NCs in solar cells is scarce. In general, mercapto ligands are used as the stabilizer when synthesizing aqueous NCs. We speculate that metal sulfi de shell can be formed if the aqueous NCs are thermal treated. If the pristine NCs are not metal sulfi de, core/shell heterostructure NCs can be formed. Considering the fusion and growth of NCs when annealing, [ 11 ]
Chinese herbs and acupuncture to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a variety of causes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which includes the two main approaches of acupuncture and herbal medication, views the human body as a self-controlled system network. Fundamental theories, including “qi,” the five elements, and the theory of viscera, form the basis for classification. Diseases in humans are considered to be caused by an imbalance of “yang qi” and “yin qi” that lead to the nonhomeostasis of organs. Acupuncture is derived from 12 main meridians and 365 acupuncture points characterized by “blood and qi. ” Needling of different positions corresponds to specific disease treatments to increase qi. Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines is based on syndrome differentiation characterized as “Zheng” which differs from the cause orientation approach of Western medicine. In this article, we review basic and clinical research studies that describe TCM herbs and acupuncture for the treatment of AD. Moreover, we propose that these two approaches be integrated to improve the outcomes for AD patients.
Geographic distribution of Tick-borne encephalitis virus complex

A comprehensive understanding of the geographic distribution of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex is necessary due to increasing transboundary movement and cross-reactivity of serological tests. This review was conducted to identify the geographic distribution of the TBEV complex, including TBE virus, Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, louping-ill virus, Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus, and Powassan virus. Published reports were identified using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. In addition to TBEV complex case-related studies, seroprevalence studies were also retrieved to assess the risk of TBEV complex infection. Among 1406 search results, 314 articles met the inclusion criteria. The following countries, which are known to TBEV epidemic region, had conducted national surveillance studies: Austria, China, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Sweden, Slovenia, and Slovakia. There were also studies/reports on human TBEV infection from Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Netherland, and Turkey. Seroprevalence studies were found in some areas far from the TBEV belt, specifically Malaysia, Comoros, Djibouti, and Kenya. Kyasanur forest disease virus was reported in southwestern India and Yunnan of China, the Powassan virus in the United States, Canada, and east Siberia, Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus in Saudi Arabia and east Egypt, and Louping-ill virus in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and east Siberia. In some areas, the distribution of the TBEV complex overlaps with that of other viruses, and caution is recommended during serologic diagnosis. The geographic distribution of the TBEV complex appears to be wide and overlap of the TBE virus complex with other viruses was observed in some areas. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the TBEV complex could help avoid cross-reactivity during the serologic diagnosis of these viruses. Surveillance studies can implement effective control measures according to the distribution pattern of these viruses.
Solvent-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by an Efficient and Recyclable Palladium Heterogeneous Catalyst

A simple alumina-supported palladium catalyst prepared by an adsorption method is highly efficient and recyclable in the solvent-free oxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen. The adsorption method results in high dispersion of palladium probably as mononuclear or oligonuclear species on alumina surface. These palladium species are transformed to small Pd nanoparticles (ca. 5 nm), which are probably the true active species, during the course of alcohol oxidation.
Comparative Study Between Conventional and Module Based Forensic Odontology Classes; A Questionnaire Based Cross- Sectional Study among Students of Saveetha Dental College

The word Forensic is derived from the Latin word forum, which means “court of law” and Odontology denotes study of teeth. Forensic odontology as defined by FDI is that branch of dentistry which in the interest of justice deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings. Forensic odontology involves application of dental sciences in the identification of deceased individuals through comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem records
Performance Comparison for Spam Detection in Social Media Using Deep Learning Algorithms

People are connected through Twitter or Facebook or any other social medial tool. However, this resulted in messages with malicious content and malware links. Therefore, it's required to own a powerful spam detection design that might stop these styles of messages. Spam detection in hissing platform like Twitter remains a tangle, thanks to short text and high variability within the language utilized in social media. In this paper, we tend to propose a CNN algorithmic technique and compare results with variants of CNN and with boosting algorithms. The model is supported with the assistance of knowledge-bases such as Word2vec and fastText. The use of these knowledge-bases improves the performance, by providing higher linguistics vector illustration of input testing words. Projected Experimental results with input datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy and F1 Score.
Leaching and Reclamation of a Soil Irrigated with Moderate SAR Waters

Irrigation with blended drainage water can damage soil structure, impair infiltration, and increase runoff and erosion. This loss of permeability is often attributed to the slaking of aggregrates and clay dispersion, which leads to pore plugging. Soil swelling is usually considered an important factor only when exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) exceed 15%. We hypothesized that swelling is more important than generally recognized in reducing soil hydraulic conductivity (HC), and swelling can occur at low ESP. In this study we attempted to identify the mechanisms reducing HC and the reversibility of the processes during gypsum and sulfuric acid application. Synthetic drainage waters with sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) of 1, 3, 5, and 8 and electrolyte concentrations (C) of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mmol c L were leached through machine-packed soil columns to evaluate the effects of clay dispersion and swelling on HC. Following the initial leachings, the soils were amended with surface applied gypsum and H 2 SO 4 , and leached with deionized water. Clay concentration in the leachate was used as a measure of clay dispersion, and internal soil swelling was assumed to be proportional to changes in the water holding capacity at -22 kPa tension. Internal soil swelling at low electrolyte concentrations (<12 mmol c L -1 ) reduced the number of large, free-draining pores and increased the water holding capacity of the soil at low tension. This loss in HC, which occurred at all SAR, was largely reversible with surface-applied gypsum. At SAR 5 and 8, there was irreversible plugging of soil pores by dispersed clay, as well as internal swelling. These findings suggest that even diluted drainage waters used for irrigation will have an adverse effect on soil structure, especially during rainfall.
Synthesis and in vitro release of guest drugs‐loaded copolymer nanospheres MMA/HEMA via differential microemulsion polymerization

The synthesis and characterization of different series of methyl methacrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate (MMA/HEMA) copolymeric nanoparticles with different monomer feed compositions and utilization of them in entrapment and controlling the release of hydrophilic drug (sodium warfarin) and hydrophobic drugs (ibuprofen and praziquantel) were investigated. The polymeric nanoparticles and their entrapment with drugs were prepared using oil-in-water (O/W) differential microemulsion polymerization technique in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol as biocompatible emulsifiers as well as ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The effect of HEMA content in the monomer feed composition on the colloidal properties was studied, and it is found that the particle size Dv, turbidity, and the negative charge increase with increasing of HEMA content but the surface tension decrease. Moreover, the entrapment efficiency (EE) is affected by the content of HEMA in the monomer feed composition, the drug hydrophobicity, and the monomer to drug ratio. It is concluded that, EE into MMA/HEMA in monomer feed composition as 90/10, 70/30, and 50/50 is found to be (95.3–98)%, (84–96.9)%, and (69.5–94.6)% for sodium warfarin (with high hydrophilicity) as well as, ibuprofen and praziquantel (with high hydrophobicity), respectively. The entrapment of drugs in polymeric nanoparticles is confirmed by IR-spectroscopy and transmission electronic microscopy. In vitro drug release experiments show that controlled release of drugs from copolymeric nanoparticles depend on HEMA content, the monomer to drug ratio, and the physiological pH. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Rumor Detection by Propagation Embedding Based on Graph Convolutional Network

Detecting rumors is an important task in preventing the dissemination of false knowledge within social networks. When a post is propagated in a social network, it typically contains four types of information: i) social interactions, ii) time of publishing, iii) content, and iv) propagation structure. Nonetheless, these information have not been exploited and combined efficiently to distinguish rumors in previous studies. In this research, we propose to detect a rumor post by identifying characteristics based on its propagation patterns and other kinds of information. For the propagation pattern, we suggest using a graph structure to model how a post propagates in social networks, allowing useful knowledge to be derived about a post’s pattern of propagation. We then propose a propagation graph embedding method based on a graph convolutional network to learn an embedding vector, representing the propagation pattern and other features of posts in a propagation process. Finally, we classify the learned embeddingvectorstodifferenttypesofrumorsbyapplyingafullyconnectedneuralnetwork.Experimentalresultsillustratethat ourapproachreducestheerrorofdetectionbyapproximately10%comparedwithstate-of-the-artmodels.Thisenhancement provesthattheproposedmodelisefficientonextractingandintegratingusefulfeaturesfordiscriminatingthepropagation patterns. © 2021 The Authors