Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regret in the Newsvendor Model with Demand and Yield Randomness

We study the fundamental stochastic newsvendor model that considers both demand and yield randomness. It is usually difficult in practice to describe precisely the joint demand and yield distribution, although partial statistical information and empirical data about this ambiguous distribution are often accessible. We combat the issue of distributional ambiguity by taking a data‐driven distributionally robust optimization approach to hedge against all distributions that are sufficiently close to a uniform and discrete distribution of empirical data, where closeness is measured by the type‐∞ Wasserstein distance. We adopt the minimax regret decision criterion to assess the optimal order quantity that minimizes the worst‐case regret. Several properties about the minimax regret model, including optimality condition, regret bound, and the worst‐case distribution, are presented. The optimal order quantity can be determined via an efficient golden section search. We extend the analysis to the Hurwicz criterion model, which generalizes the popular albeit pessimistic maximin model (maximizing the worst‐case expected profit) and its (less noticeable) more optimistic counterpart—the maximax model (maximizing the best‐case expected profit). Finally, we present numerical comparisons of our data‐driven minimax regret model with data‐driven models based on the Hurwicz criterion and with a minimax regret model based on partial statistical information on moments.
DyEnTRAM- Dynamically Enhanced Metadata based Approach for Bug Assignment

Background: In open source repositories, daily numerous bugs are reported and making manual triaging difficult as well as time consuming. Aim: In this paper, we proposed a Dynamically Enhanced Metadata based approach for bug assignment (DyEnTRAM). Unlike TRAM, that worked on additional metadata features which are selected by Feature Selection (FS) algorithms that empirically analyzed the feature value and top value features are selected for triaging. Methods: The work is focused to enhance the bug features as well as rational choice of FS algorithm to improve the accuracy of developer prediction. Approach validation is done on four open- source projects and three machine learning based classifiers namely: Naive-Bayes (NB), SVM and Decision-Tree (C4.5). This approach is only worked with highly ranked meta-data fields which are selected by FS algorithms. Result: This approach has shown better prediction accuracy over the Baseline, X2 and TRAM. Findings have shown F-Score improvements in DyEnTRAM over TRAM approach as much as 24.6%, 10.9%, 16.4%, and 18.2% for Eclipse, Netbean, Firefox and Freedesktop projects respectively. Conclusion: DyEn-TRAM approach effectively improved bug prediction accuracy on the chosen datasets as compared to TRAM, X2, and baseline.
Majoritarian Bargaining over Budgetary Divisions and Policy

We report the results of a field-in-the-lab experiment in which subjects bargain over a two-dimensional agenda: a donation to a political interest group and the division of a sum of money. We show that subjects sacrifice monetary gains to secure preferred policies and that behaviorally elicited preference intensity correlates with bargaining behavior. We find an ideological majority advantage and a status- quo premium. Minorities benefit most from negotiating on two dimensions because the budgetary division problem allows compromise. Finally, we show that induced preferences over artificial policies fail to capture the bargaining dynamics that arise when real ideological choices are involved.
Preparation of biodegradable iron scaffolds with controlled porosity for application in orthopaedic devices

Biodegradable materials for medical applications, that will naturally exit the physiological system after fulfilling their job, sound appealing so as to avoid problems caused by the long-time stay of an implant in the human body. For this purpose iron has been investigated since it is an essential element for the function of the human body. The most studied applications are in the cardiovascular field, and in this case, iron-based materials present the problem of having a degradation rate that is slower than the desired one. On the other hand, the degradation rate of iron may be suitable for the orthopaedic field, where a slower degradation rate is desired. There are very few studies on this matter, which suggest that this is an interesting area for investigation. The goal of this work is to study the suitability of using biodegradable iron for orthopaedic implant applications. An iron-based material has been developed by hot pressing and then characterized in terms of porosity, microstructure, mechanical behaviour and corrosion behaviour. The hot pressing technique has been proven to be suitable for processing iron and samples with porosity levels between 39 and 56% have been obtained by pressing at 100 MPa and sintering at temperatures up to 400 °C. The strength increases with sintering temperature up to 40 MPa, the corrosion rates achieved seem suitable for the application referred and the immersion tests show the formation of iron hydroxides as corrosion products while precipitation of calcium phosphates also occurs for the longer immersion periods. However, for those levels of biodegradability to be achieved a great compromise in mechanical properties had to be made, which, ultimately, made this material unsuitable for orthopaedic devices therefore, further research is recommended to be toward improving the mechanical properties of iron-based materials while controlling porosity and degradation rate.
STABILITY OF NONLINEAR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS WITH TWO DEGREES OF FREEDOM. AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Abstract: The Thomson-Tait-Chetayev theorem states that “if a system with an unstable potential energy is stabilized with gyroscopic forces, then this stability is lost after the addition of an arbitrarily small dissipation”. The importance of this property in growing number of physical examples and engineering applications in the practice is not well good unified and understood, i.e. the destabilizing effect of dissipation needs to be compensated in various gyroscopic devices by applying accelerating forces. In the present paper an analytical study of the stability behaviour of a specific class of nonlinear autonomous dynamic systems (i.e. RHS of the equations is a square polynomial) with two degrees of freedom is developed. Considering the general case, we find that the system is multi-stationary and has several possible equilibria. The system is investigated with analytical tools coming from Lyapunov-Andronov theory, and our analytical calculations predict that soft (reversible) loss of stability takes place.
Imunidade humoral de Rhodnius prolixus: impacto sobre a microbiota e desenvolvimento de Trypanosoma cruzi e Trypanosoma rangeli

Rhodnius prolixus is a major vector of Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi , in Latin America. T he production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the midgut of the insect is vital to control possible infection, and to maintain the microbiota already present in the digestive tract. This work focuses on the modulation of the humoral im mune responses of the midgut of R. prolixus orally challenged with Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well with T. rangeli Macias strain, T. cruzi Dm 28c and Y strain, considering the influence of the parasite s on the intestinal microbiota . Our re sults showed that the anterior midgut contents of control insects contain a higher inducible antibacterial activity and AMPs transcript abundance than those of the posterior midgut. Insects orally fed with Gram - negative bacteria presented higher amount of defC and prol transcripts, while the ingestion of Gram - positive induced defA and defB expression in the midgut. T. rangeli Macias strain successfully colonized R. prolixus midgut through a decreasing in PO activities , prolixicin and lysozyme levels, while at the same time in duc ed an increase in antibacterial activity and upregulated defC levels in the insect anterior midgut. T. rangeli infection also diminishes the amount of cultivable gut bacteria as well modif ied the composition of indigenous microo rganisms. Furthermore, different T. cruzi strains present distinct profile s of immune system and microbiota modulation in R. prolixus midgut, where T. cruzi Dm 28c was able to induce an increase in defensin C genes and a depression in prolixicin genes, whi le drastically reduce the cultivable bacteria population. In the other hand T. cruzi Y was not competent to induce AMPs expression in the gut or considerably reduce the microbiota in the anterior midgut. Our findings suggest that R. prolixus modulates AMP gene expression upon ingestion of bacteria and tripanosomatids with patterns that are distinct and dependent upon the species of the invading pathogen. Besides, t he trypanosome ability to induce immune peptides in epithelial cells seems to favor its development in the insect digestive tract by decreasing intestinal microbiota , depending on the parasite genotype
STUDY ON THE MAIN HOST SWIFTMOTH, HEPIALUS OBLIFURCUS CHU ET WANG, OF CATERPILLAR FUNGUS, CORDYCEPS SINENSIS (BERKELEY) SACC., IN KANGDING

The Chinese caterpillar fungus (Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. ) is a famous and precious Chinese traditional medicine. The wing spots of the host swiftmoth, which was collected from. Kangding, Sichuan Province, are variable and divided into two primary types: the "black-white spot" and the "yellow spot". After mating test and morphological observation on the adults (antennae, mouthparts, vein, fore legs, genitalia, and ultrastructure of scales etc.), it has been proved that both of them belong to same species, and are identified as Hepialus oblifurcus Chu et Wang.
B cell gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of immunosuppressive treatment

vii Index viii List of Abbreviations x List of Figures xii List of Tables xiii 1. Rheumatoid Arthritis 1 1.1 Definition 1 1.2 Diagnostic and clinical assessment 1 1.3 Etiology and pathophysiology 3 1.4 Genetic factors and environment 5 1.5 Treatment 6 1.5.1 Methotrexate 7 1.5.2 TNF antagonists 7 1.5.3 Tocilizumab 7 1.5. 4 Rituximab 8 2. B cells 9 2.1. B cell development 9 2.2. B cells and rheumatoid arthritis 9 3. Aims 11 4. Materials and methods 12 Patients 12 Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and B cell separation 12 RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis 12 Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 13 Statistical analysis 13 5. Results 15 5.1. Clinical characterization of patients 15 5.2. Established RA, but not early RA patients have alterations in B cell gene expression levels in comparison with healthy controls 16 5.3. Treatment with TNF inhibitors and tocilizumab does not affect B cell gene expression 20
Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Endophytes that contain ACC Deaminase: Isolation, Characterization, and Use

Bacteria that provide benefit to plants are considered to be plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and can facilitate plant growth by a number of different mechanisms. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that are able to utilize the plant compound 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) as a sole source of nitrogen, as a consequence of possessing the enzyme ACC deaminase, can protect host plants from a number of environmental stresses. In addition to ACC deaminase, PGPB may utilize other mechanisms to facilitate plant growth including IAA synthesis, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization activity, ammonia production, and antibiotic production. Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes employ similar plant growth promotion mechanisms to those used by rhizospheric PGPB. In fact, bacterial endophytes are PGPB that go one step further and colonize the inside of the plant tissues and provide more efficient and prompted protection to their hosts compared to those that bind exclusively to the plant’s rhizosphere. Therefore, it is likely that endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria will be superior to similar non-endophytic bacterial strains in promoting plant growth under a wide range of environmental conditions. In the work reported here, new bacterial endophytes were isolated and characterized. Among twenty-five ACC deaminase positive strains, two best strains were selected and ACC deaminase deficient mutants were constructed. The ability of two newly isolated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes Pseudomonas fluorescens YsS6, Pseudomonas migulae 8R6 and their ACC deaminase deficient mutants was shown to 1) delay the senescence of mini carnation cut flowers and 2) to facilitate tomato plant growth under salinity stress. In the mini carnation flower senescence evaluation, the only difference between wild-type and mutant bacterial endophytes was ACC deaminase activity, our results demonstrate that this enzyme is directly responsible for a significant delay in flower senescence. Despite containing ACC deaminase activity, the rhizosphere-binding PGPB Pseudomonas putida UW4 was not taken up by the cut flowers and therefore had no effect on prolonging flower shelf life. In evaluating the effect of bacterial endophytes under salt stress, tomato plants treated with either of the wild-type strains of the two selected bacterial endophytes demonstrated early flowering and fruiting and had significantly greater numbers of flowers, buds, and fruits than either the corresponding ACC deaminase mutant strain-treated plants or the control plants. Although both bacterial endophytes P. fluorescens YsS6 and P. migulae 8R6 showed significant plant growth-promotion capabilities, P. migulae 8R6 demonstrated better plant growth facilitation under salt stress than did P. fluorescens YsS6. P. migulae 8R6 treated tomato plants demonstrated the least sodium uptake, the highest chlorophyll content, and highest fresh and dry biomass. The results of the work presented…
Relations between sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐I and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐I in post‐menopausal breast cancer patients

Notice treatment is available; for many endocrinologist alopecia has replaced hirsutism as the major irritant. Therefore, I approached the chapter on alopecia with high expectations but was disappointed to find that this area was dealt with in a cursory manner. However, overall this book on andro6th European On Adenomas genic disorders will be helpful for the specialist in the area of PCOS and hirsutism. There are omissions and this reviewer is particularly disappointed to note that while much attention is paid to the adrenal as a source of androgens, the vexed question of the control of adrenal androgen secretion is not addressed. Although this book is of uneven standard the best is excellent and therefore it is recommended. T. J. McKenna 24-27 jUly 1996, ~ ~ ~ l i ~ , G~~~~~ Further details: professor D~ K . ~ . Werder, SchlossparkKlinik, Heubnemeg 2, 14059 ~ ~ ~ l i ~ , G ~ ~ ~ ~ . Phone 0049 030 32 64
Bone mineralization and vitamin D/calcium intake of infants fed breast‐milk, milk‐based formula or soy‐based formula

A cross‐sectional analysis of bone mineralization during the first year of life of infants (N=107) exclusively fed breast‐milk (BF), milk‐based formula (MF) or soy‐based formula (SF) for at least the first 4 months of life was conducted. Participants were part of the longitudinal Beginnings study. Bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months‐of‐age. Vitamin D and calcium intake were also assessed. At 3 and 6 months, BMC/mass ratio was significantly lower for SF compared to BF and MF groups. At 9 and 12 months, MF had higher BMC/mass ratio compared to BF and SF infants (p<0.05), but BF and SF were similar. BMC significantly increased in each feeding group over time but at a higher rate for SF (30% vs. 21% and 27% for BF and MF, respectively). These results suggest that although SF infants had a lower initial BMC, their rate of bone growth was faster than in BF infants. Vitamin D and calcium intake were significantly lower in BF compared with MF and SF at all time points. There was no difference in vitamin D and calcium intake between MF and SF infants except for calcium intake at 3 months. Further work is needed to delineate the characteristics of bone mineralization in each feeding group relative to their serum vitamin D concentration and calcium deposition. Funded by USDA‐ARS CRIS # 6251‐51000‐005‐03S.
Genome-wide analysis of the NAC transcription factor gene family in grape

According to the genome-wide data of grape,the NAC(NAM,ATAF1 and CUC2)gene family were analyzed by methods of bioinformatics in terms of phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,synteny relationships,and expression patterns.The results showed that there were a total of 71NAC genes in grape,being designated as VvNAC01-VvNAC71,and they were distributed in nonrandom way on 19 chromosomes.The pedigree analysis indicated that these NAC genes fell into 10subfamilies,being designated as Subfamilies Ⅰ-Ⅹ,and the members of the same subfamily had a similar motif composition.The synteny analysis showed that the 3 genes of Subfamily V(TIP) could derive from the ancestral hexaploidization of grape species,and a cluster of genes in Subfamily TIP on Chromosome 16 evolved from a tandem duplication event.The analysis of grape's microarray data of public domain demonstrated that Subfamilies Ⅷ and Ⅸ could make a response to abiotic stresses.
Study on the drought resistance of four dwarf ornamental bamboos.

The physiological and biochemical responding of four dwarf bamboos(Pleioblastus kongosanensis f.aureostriatus,Sasa fortunei,Sasa argenteostriatus and Sasa auricoma) to drought stress by withholding water were studied.The results indicated that the free proline contents,cell membrane permeability and the MDA contents of bamboo leaves increased with the prolongation of the stress time,the soluble sugar contents and the activity of SOD,POD and CAT showed increasing at the beginning and decreasing at the end.The physiological and biochemical indexes were measured to assess the drought-resistant ability of dwarf bamboos by Membership Function.The results showed that the four dwarf bamboos were ordered in sequence from strong to weak as: P.kongosanensis f.aureostratus Muroi et Y.Tanaka(e)S.fortuneiS. auricomaS.argenteostriatus,and the result was consistent with the morphological character.
Plant Distribution within a Heron Rookery

An island rookery of approximately 8000 Ardeidaean birds in west-central Minnesota was mapped and divided into three areas of use: heavy, light and none. Quadrats, 1 m on a side, were used to sample these three areas for floristic composition, soil nutrients and pH, light regime and great blue heron nest concentration. The results support previous work on oceanic rookeries showing a reduction in plant density in areas of high avian activity. The distribution of 21 plant species discussed, with relation to the three areas of activity, is limited neither by the summer light intensity nor the concentration of nutrients measured during the winter. INTRODUCTION The purposes of this investigation were to provide a quantitative description of the vegetation in an active fresh-water heron rookery and to investigate any changes in soil nutrients as possible limiting factors in the subsequent floral pattern. Alpheraky (1905), Guthrie-Smith (1914, 1925), Wilson (1959), Fineran (1964, 1966) and Gillham (1956, 1963a and 1963b) have all reported on vegetational responses to high bird concentrations in oceanic colonies, but very little information is available with respect to fresh-water nesting sites. The mechanisms of these vegetational responses are somewhat dependent upon the type of avian aggregation. A tree-roosting or nesting colony influences the ground vegetation mainly through the accumulation of the droppings. On the other hand, ground-feeding and burrowing or tunneling nesters also graze, burrow and trample the area. Herons represent a tree-nesting colony. The physiological effect of guano on plant life is reported to result from an unfavorable osmotic balance set up in the soil by the accumulation of salts; salt concentration in seabird guano is often very high (Gillham, 1963b). The macronutrient soil constituents of these oceanic rookery areas have been well established. The soils, are characterized by: 1. A decrease in the C: N ratio as a result of the high influx of nitrogen, usually in the form of nitrates (Blakemore and Gibbs, 1968). Oceanic rookery soil nitrate content sometimes shows a 100-fold increase over control areas (Gillham, 1956). 2. An increase in phosphate content, almost solely as inorganic phosphate. A 30-fold increase has been noted here (Gillham, 1956). 3. A high concentration of soluble ions, namely sodium, potassium, ammonium, chloride, sulfate, nitrate and phosphate (Blakemore and Gibbs, 1968; Campbell and Claridge, 1966). 4. A decrease in the amount of exchangeable calcium and magnesium. This is due apparently to a displacement by ammonium ions during the leaching process (Ward, 1961; Blakemore and Gibbs, 1968). The hydrogen ion concentration of guano varies widely (pH: 5.8-
SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock

The outcome of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction has not appreciably changed in the last 30 years despite the development of various percutaneous mechanical circulatory support options. It is clear that there are varying degrees of cardiogenic shock but there is no robust classification scheme to categorize this disease state.
Effect of chemical structure of fats upon their apparent digestible energy value when given to young pigs

The effect of degree of saturation (ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, U/S) and free fatty acid (FFA) content of fats upon their digestible energy (DE) values was investigated in post-weaning pigs. The two fats evaluated were soya-bean oil (SO) and tallow (T) (representing extremes of saturation) together with their acid oils (SAO and TAO respectively) providing high FFA levels). Blends of the four fats provided treatments with varying FFA content and U/S ratios. The experimental fats were evaluated by substitution, at 40, 80 and 120 g/kg into a basal diet, in a randomized-block design, with 98 gilts and 98 boars of approximately 12 kg live weight. Pigs had been weaned at 28 days of age and experimental diets were given 7 days after weaning. When pigs obtained a weight of 10 kg the inert marker titanium dioxide was added to the diets as a reference substance. A 5-day adjustment period was allowed followed by a 5-day collection period of faeces by grab sampling. Fat content of food and faeces, with methodology based on acid hydrolysis, allowed calculation of apparent digestible fat (AFD) of experimental diets. Analysis of variance demonstrated effects of fats, rates of inclusion, and fats × rates ( P
Agreement of gastroenterologists in traditional Chinese medical differential diagnosis of functional dyspepsia compared with traditional Chinese medical practitioners: A prospective, multicenter study

To compare the performance of gastroenterologists major in western medicine in diagnosing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of functional dyspepsia (FD), postprandial distress (PDS) and epigastric pain syndromes (EPS) based on the main symptoms, with that of traditional TCM practitioners in outpatient services.