Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histogram-Based Texture Characterization and Classification of Brain Tissues in Non-Contrast CT Images of Stroke Patients

This chapter describes histogram-based texture characterization and classification of brain tissue in CT images of stroke patients using a case study. It explored texture analysis in medical imaging. In the case study, two radiologists independently inspected non-contrast CT images of 164 stroke to identify and categorize brain tissue into normal, ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. Four regions of interest (ROIs) in each CT slice with lesion were selected for analysis; two each represented the lesion and normal tissue. Histogram texture parameters were calculated for them. Raw data analysis identified parameters that discriminated between normal brain tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke lesions. The artificial neural network (ANN) and k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithms were used to classify the ROIs into normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions using the radiologists’ categorization as the gold standard, and further analysed using the ROC curve. Three parameters namely mean, 90 and 99 percentiles discriminated between normal brain tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke lesions. With ANN and k-NN, the weighted sensitivity and specificity were above 0.9 while the false positive and false negative rates were negligible. The characterization and classification of brain tissue using histogram parameters were satisfactory and may be suitable for automated diagnosis of stroke.
A spatially variable power law tropospheric correction technique for InSAR data

Microwave signals traveling through the troposphere are subject to delays. These delays are mainly described by spatial and temporal variations in pressure, temperature, and relative humidity in the lower part of the troposphere, resulting in a spatially varying tropospheric signal in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). Tropospheric correction techniques rely either on external data, often limited by spatial and temporal accuracy or can be estimated from the high‐resolution interferometric phase itself. However, current phase‐estimated correction techniques do not account for the spatial variability of the tropospheric properties and fail to capture tropospheric signals over larger regions. Here we propose and test a novel power law correction method that accounts for spatial variability in atmospheric properties and can be applied to interferograms containing topographically correlated deformation. The power law model has its reference fixed at the relative top of the troposphere and describes, through a power law relationship, how the phase delay varies with altitude. We find the power law model reduces tropospheric signals both locally (on average by ∼0.45 cm for each kilometer of elevation in Mexico) and the long‐wavelength components, leading to an improved fit to independent Global Navigation Satellite Systems data. The power law model can be applied in presence of deformation, over a range of different time periods and in different atmospheric conditions, and thus permits the detection of smaller‐magnitude crustal deformation signals with InSAR.
Reducing the Turbidity of Wastewater by Some Plant Based Coagulants

The aim of current study is estimate the ability of plant wastes in treatment of waste water that contains high levels of turbidity by Batch system method; with determine the best plant waste for treatment according to the changing of a number of parameters. This study involved four different samples of plant wastes for using as natural coagulants that prepared in laboratory, each sample Include one part of each plant which was Cactus leaves, Okra fruit peels, Okra seeds and Fenugreek seeds. A different mounts of each plant coagulants (5gm, 10gm and 15gm) were used for coagulation study. Additionally, the current work has examined other chemical and physical parameters such as: pH values, total salinity (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). On the other hand, experimental conditions were used for carry out of coagulation process were pH 6 and contact time 120 minutes with continuous shaking. Also, alum was used in this study under same conditions as common traditional coagulant for comparison. The obtained results showed the best efficiency of coagulation process was 78% for cactus leaves with the weight 5 gm for all chemical and physical parameters. While, the lowest efficiency of coagulation process was 34% with the weight 15gm of cactus leaves. In same time, the best efficiency of coagulation process was 76% for alum. While, the lowest efficiency of coagulation process was 33.4% for alum. On the other hand, other natural coagulants such as: Okra fruits, Okra seeds and Fenugreek seeds didn’t show any efficiency as natural coagulants for coagulation process and all parameter values of waste water were increased after treated with it.
Economic values for traits of pigs in Hungary.

Marginal economic values for production and reproduction traits of pigs were estimated applying a bio-economic model to Hungarian commercial sow herds with integrated fattening of piglets. Data collected between 2002 and 2008 were used for the calculation. Marginal economic values (in € per unit of the trait per sow per year) estimated for fattening days in the station test, age at the end of the field test, lean meat percentage in the carcass, percentage of valuable cuts in the carcass and the number of piglets born alive were 2.84 €/day, 2.71 €/day, 22.45 €/%, 28.81 €/% and 54.22 €/piglet in the first litter, respectively.
Development of a MEMS repulsive actuator for large out-of-plane force

This paper describes the development of a micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) repulsive actuator capable of producing an out-of-plane force in the tens of micro Newtons range. There are many commercial applications that require such actuators such as adaptive optics, phone cameras and micro-structure assembly. Thin MEMS actuators are needed to exert a large out-of-plane force to move payloads with a mass ranging from 1 to 5 mg. A MEMS repulsive actuator that generates a large force was developed. A commercial manufacturing process, PolyMUMPs, was used to fabricate prototypes. The prototype achieved an out-of-plane displacement of 15 µm and a 0.2° angular rotation. The rise and fall times were measured as 14.5 ms and 3625 ms (3.6 s), respectively. The estimated out-of-plane force is 40 µN.
The effects of feeding high-linoleic safflower seeds on estrus synchronization in beef heifers

The objectives of these studies were to investigate the effects of feeding highlinoleic cracked safflower seeds on reproductive and performance outcomes in pubertal beef heifers. Three experiments were conducted at Montana State University research facilities (Exp. 1, n = 48, BW = 370 ± 24.8 kg; Exp. 2, n = 40, BW = 396.5 ± 31.7 kg; Exp. 3, n = 63, BW = 404.4 ± 26.14 kg). Angus and Angus crossbred heifers were stratified by BW and allocated randomly to the following experimental treatments; 1) fed 1.8 kg/d barley grain concentrate (Barley); or, 2) fed 1.8 kg/d of high linoleic cracked safflower seed (Safflower). Heifers were fed 35 and 29 d, Exp. 1, Exp. 2 and 3. Following the feeding period, heifers (Exp. 1 and 2) were artificially inseminated (AI) 12 h after the onset of estrus, and heifers that did not show estrus were administered 25 mg of PGF2α and time AI. A 7-d CO-synch + CIDR and TAI protocol was used for heifers in Exp. 3. Performance variables included initial and final BW, live wt gain, ADG, and DMI (Exp. 1 and 2). Biweekly blood samples were assayed for progesterone (P4) and PGF2α metabolites (PGFM) concentrations (Exp. 1). Estrus responses were observed using Estrotect tags, heifers with progesterone (P4) < 1 ng/mL were not included in the calculation. Pregnancy rates were determined 40 d post breeding. Performance variables did not differ between barley and safflower treatments with the exception of DMI in Exp. 2. Heifers supplemented with barley consumed 21% more (P < 0.001) DM per d than heifer fed safflower. In Exp. 1, overall pregnancy rates were greater in safflower supplemented heifers than in barley supplemented heifers (P = 0.036). Pooled PGFM concentrations differed by day (P < 0.05) in Exp. 1. Results suggest supplemental high linoleic safflower seed does not appear to influence estrus response or PGFM concentrations in pubertal beef heifers.
Catching-Up and Regulation in a Two-Sector Small Open Economy

Deregulation is often aimed at reducing mark-up pricing in technologically stagnant sheltered sectors. The paper shows that this may decrease the process of catching-up and welfare since it shifts resources away from R&D-intensive tradables sectors. Catching-up and deregulation are analyzed in an R&D-based growth model that allows for international capital mobility, trade, and spillovers. Knowledge spillovers raise the productivity of R&D in the exposed sector which results in catching-up. In the long run, the economy grows at the exogenous world growth rate. Capital mobility speeds up convergence. Temporary shocks have long-lasting effects as the economy exhibits hysteresis. Copyright 1999 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Effect of Footbath Therapy in Patients with Refractory Chronic Heart Failure

Background: Waon therapy has been shown to improve symptoms, cardiac function and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We aim to investigate the utility of a convenient thermal therapy involving a footbath in patients with refractory CHF. Method: We enrolled ten patients who satisfied the following criteria: New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV, LVEF <40%, and refractory to the conventional therapy. All patients underwent the footbath therapy daily for 2 weeks. Results: Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ during the footbath therapy. Footbath therapy significantly improved the NHYA functional class (p=0.02), plasma BNP level (1319.3 ± 812.4 vs 615.6 ± 490.4 pg/ml, p=0.04), and %FMD (3.1 ± 2.7 vs. 6.6 ± 4.1 pg/ml, p=0.04). In contrast, there was no significant change in LVEF (19.6 ± 10.9 vs. 22.3 ± 9.0 %, p=0.09). Conclusion: Footbath therapy could improve the status of CHF by improving the endothelial function. We think footbath therapy is a novel and convenient non-pharmacological treatment for patients with refractory CHF.
Plasticity in Pinus pinaster populations of diverse origins: Comparative seedling responses to light and Nitrogen availability

The effects of light and N availability, and population on seedling morphology and biomass allocation were assessed in eleven months seedlings from ten Pinus pinaster populations. We conducted a garden experiment using a light gradient (full sunlight, HL= 337.1 μmol m s; medium light, ML= 120.6 μmol m s; and low light, LL= 30 μmol m s) and two contrasting soil fertility regimes: low-N and high-N availability. Light availability was an important factor controlling phenotypic plasticity. However, differences between productivity environments were observed, especially in full sunlight and medium light conditions, which suggest that soil fertility may be very important at early successional stages at open and medium shaded microsites, but would exert low influence in deep shade conditions. Population-specific responses were observed for many traits, which suggest a genetic control of morphological plasticity. All populations produced more total dry weight with HL and high-N. When light and/or N richness varied, growth depended upon which resource was more limiting. Results indicated ontogenetic drift but when seedlings were compared at the same size, results fitted with optimal partitioning theory. Allocation to needles was higher in HL and ML/ high-N conditions, while allocation to root was higher in low-N seedlings in HL and ML conditions. With shade (ML and LL) all populations allocated more dry weight to stem, regardless N availability. A significant increment in stem height was observed with shade increase.
Assessment of assemblage‐wide temporal niche segregation using null models

1. Although time can be subdivided to promote species coexistence, quantitative examination of assemblage‐wide temporal niche overlap has seldom been explored with appropriate null models. Because of the sequential and continuous nature of time, it requires a different kind of randomization model than those used to assess subdivision of discrete and non‐sequential resources (e.g. food types and microhabitats).
Carotenoid determination in tomato juice using near infrared spectroscopy**

Abstract A rapid non-destructive method for profiling tomato carotenoids was developed using NIR spectrometry. One hundred and twenty tomato samples were produced at the Experimental Farm of Szent István University in Gödöllő (Hungary). The sample preparation was based on homogenization. The mixed samples were scanned with a diode array Perten DA7200 NIR Analyzer (950-1650 nm) and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The calibration was based on partial least squares regression with cross-validation. The performance of the final model was evaluated according to root mean square error of cross-validation. The results indicate that the main carotenoid components were accurately predicted. The correlation between the NIR measurement and the β-carotene content of tomatoes was adequately high [R2CV = 0.89; root mean square error of cross-validation = 0.174 μg g−1]. The NIR method was also performed for the determination of the all-trans lycopene content (R2CV = 0.75; root mean square error of cross-validation = 6.88 μg g−1). It can be concluded that the diode array NIR spectrometer has the potential to be used for the determination of the main carotenoids of tomatoes.
Geodesic Discriminant Analysis for Manifold-Valued Data

In many statistical settings, it is assumed that high-dimensional data actually lies on a low-dimensional manifold. In this perspective, there is a need to generalize statistical methods to nonlinear spaces. To that end, we propose generalizations of the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to manifolds. First, we generalize the reduced rank LDA solution by constructing a geodesic subspace which optimizes a criterion equivalent to Fisher's discriminant in the linear case. Second, we generalize the LDA formulated as a restricted Gaussian classifier. The generalizations of those two methods, which are equivalent in the linear case, are in general different in the manifold case. We illustrate the first generalization on the sphere S^2. Then, we propose applications using the Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) framework, in which we rephrase the second generalization. We perform dimension reduction and classification on the kimia-216 dataset and on a set of 3D brain structures segmented from Alzheimer's disease and control subjects, recovering state-of-the-art performances.
Characteristics of Abrasive Particles and Their Implications on Wear

Geometry, hardness and size can be considered the most important characteristics affecting the wear rate caused by abrasive particles. The combined effect of these characteristics on wear has not yet been modeled as a whole. One particular model, proposed by Rabinowicz et al. (1961), involves a single particle being considered as a pointed tool, so that the effect of the geometry can be determined.
Thermal alteration: A possible reason for the inconsistency between OMEGA/CRISM and TES detections of phyllosilicates on Mars?

Previous laboratory analyses have shown that high temperatures can modify the crystal structures of some phyllosilicates in such a way that their spectroscopic signatures appear different from various wavelength perspectives. This may be the case in the Nili Fossae region of Mars, where our analyses indicate that thermally altered (~400°C) Fe‐rich smectites might be possible mineral analogs to the phyllosilicate‐bearing units in addition to mineral assemblages formed by Fe/Mg smectite and amorphous weathering products. We suggest that thermal alteration of phyllosilicates induced by impact shock or other heat sources might be a widespread process throughout Martian history. The mixing of altered and unaltered phyllosilicates might be partially responsible for the apparent disconnect between VNIR and TIR observations of Fe/Mg smectite‐bearing surfaces on Mars.
Similarity Solutions of Nonlinear Stretched Biomagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer with Signum Function and Temperature Power Law Geometries

: Biomagnetic fluid dynamics is an interdisciplinary field comprising engineering, medicine, and biology. Bio fluid dynamics is directed towards finding and developing the solutions to some of the human body related diseases and disorders. This article describes the flow and heat transfer of two dimensional, steady, laminar, viscous and incompressible biomagnetic fluid over a non-linear stretching sheet in the presence of magnetic dipole. Our model is consistent with blood fluid namely biomagnetic fluid dynamics (BFD). This model based on the principles of ferrohydrodynamic (FHD). The temperature at the stretching surface is assumed to follow a power law variation, and stretching velocity is assumed to have a nonlinear form with signum function or sign function. The governing boundary layer equations with boundary conditions are simplified to couple higher order equations using usual transformations. Numerical solutions for the governing momentum and energy equations are obtained by efficient numerical techniques based on the common finite difference method with central differencing, on a tridiagonal matrix manipulation and on an iterative procedure. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing parameters such as magnetic field parameter, power law exponent temperature parameter, and other involved parameters and the effect of these parameters on the velocity and temperature field is presented. It is observed that for different values of the magnetic parameter, the velocity distribution decreases while temperature distribution increases. Besides, the finite difference solutions results for skin-friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are discussed. This study will have an important bearing on a high targeting efficiency, a high magnetic field is required in the targeted body compartment.
Personal Anomaly Detection and Smart-Phone Security

Mobile devices increasingly become the computing platform for networked applications such as Web and email. This development requires strong guarantees on the system integrity and data security of mobile devices against malicious software (malware in short). This work introduces a new personalized anomaly detection approach that is able to achieve host security by modeling and enforcing the legitimate behavior characteristics of a human user. Specifically, we identify characteristic human-user behaviors (namely application-level user inputs via keyboard and mouse), developing protocols for fine-grained traffic-input analysis, and preventing forgeries and attacks by malware. Our solution contains a combination of cryptographic techniques, correlation analysis, and hardware-based integrity measures. Our evaluation is done in computers with real-world and synthetic malware. The uniqueness of this personalized anomaly detection technique is that it allows computer security to be realized without the need for continually monitoring everchanging malware patterns.
Globular clusters with tidal tails: deep two-color star counts

We examine the outer structure of 12 Galactic globular clusters using star-count analyses. Deep, two-color, photographic photometry is used to select and count stars with colors and magnitudes consistent with cluster-specific, color-magnitude sequences. The resulting reduction in the number of contaminating foreground stars allows us to push the star counts to significantly lower surface densities than has previously been possible. We find that most of our sample clusters show extra-tidal wings in their surface density profiles. The form of the surface density profiles is consistent with recent numerical studies of the tidal stripping of globular clusters. Two-dimensional surface density maps for several clusters are consistent with the expected appearance of tidal tails, with allowance for the effects of orbit shape, orbital phase, and orientation of our line of sight. We identify the extra-tidal material with stars which are still in the process of being removed from the clusters. The extra-tidal stars effectively limit the accuracy to which we can resolve the ``tidal'' radii of globular clusters. However, by tracing the orbital paths of their parent clusters, these stars may also facilitate a renewed attack on the problem of determining globular cluster orbits and the shape of the Galactic potential field.
Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm Based Linear Quadratic Optimal Controller Design for a Nonlinear Inverted Pendulum

This paper presents a linear quadratic optimal controller design for a nonlinear inverted pendulum. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), an optimal control method, is usually used for control of the dynamical systems. Main design parameters in LQR are the weighting matrices; however there is no relevant systematic techniques presented to choose these matrices. Generally, selecting weighting matrices is performed by trial and error method since there is no direct relation between weighting matrices and time domain specifications like overshoot percentage, settling time, and steady state error. Also it is time consuming and highly depends on designer’s experience. In this paper LQR is used to control an inverted pendulum as a nonlinear dynamical system and the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is used for selecting weighting matrices to overcome LQR design difficulties. The ABC algorithm is a swarm intelligence based optimization algorithm and it can be used for multivariable function optimization efficiently. The simulation results justify that the ABC algorithm is a very efficient way to determine LQR weighting matrices in comparison with trial and error method.