Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interventions for the management of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and can often lead to severe pain in the orofacial region. Management options for TMJ OA include reassurance, occlusal appliances, physical therapy, medication in addition to several surgical modalities. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of different surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options for the management of TMJ OA in adult patients. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 26 September 2011); CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 3); MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 26 September 2011); EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 26 September 2011); and PEDro (1929 to 26 September 2011). There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any form of non-surgical or surgical therapy for TMJ OA in adults over the age of 18 with clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of TMJ OA according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) guideline or compatible criteria.Primary outcomes considered were pain/tenderness/discomfort in the TMJs or jaw muscles, self assessed range of mandibular movement and TMJ sounds. Secondary outcomes included the measurement of quality of life or patient satisfaction evaluated with a validated questionnaire, morphological changes of the TMJs assessed by imaging, TMJ sounds assessed by auscultation and any adverse effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors screened and extracted information and data from, and independently assessed the risk of bias in the included trials. MAIN RESULTS Although three RCTs were included in this review, pooling of data in a meta-analysis was not possible due to wide clinical diversity between the studies. The reports indicate a not dissimilar degree of effectiveness with intra-articular injections consisting of either sodium hyaluronate or corticosteroid preparations, and an equivalent pain reduction with diclofenac sodium as compared with occlusal splints. Glucosamine appeared to be just as effective as ibuprofen for the management of TMJ OA. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In view of the paucity of high level evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for the management of TMJ OA, small parallel group RCTs which include participants with a clear diagnosis of TMJ OA should be encouraged and especially studies evaluating some of the possible surgical interventions.
Chemotherapeutic wafers for High Grade Glioma.

BACKGROUND Standard treatment for high grade glioma (HGG) usually entails biopsy or surgical resection where possible followed by radiotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy is usually only given in selected cases and its use is often limited by side effects. Implanting wafers impregnated with chemotherapy agents into the resection cavity represents a novel means of delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) with fewer side effects. It is not clear how effective this modality is or whether it should be recommended as part of standard care for HGG. OBJECTIVES To assess whether chemotherapeutic wafers have any advantage over conventional therapy for HGG. SEARCH STRATEGY The following databases were searched: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Issue 2, 2007, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIENCE CITATION INDEX, Physician Data Query and the meta-Register of Controlled Trials. Reference lists of all identified studies were searched. The Journal of Neuro-Oncology was hand searched from 1999 to 2007, including all conference abstracts. Neuro-oncologists were contacted regarding ongoing and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Patients included those of all ages with a presumed diagnosis of malignant glioma from clinical examination and radiology. Interventions included insertion of chemotherapeutic wafers to the resection cavity at either primary surgery or for recurrent disease. Included studies had to be randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Quality assessment and data extraction were undertaken by two review authors. Outcome measures included survival, time to progression, quality of life (QOL) and adverse events. MAIN RESULTS In primary disease two RCTs assessing the effect of carmustine impregnated wafers (Gliadel(R)) and enrolling a total of 272 participants were identified. Survival was increased (hazard ratio (HR) 0.65 confidence interval (CI) 0.48 to 0.86 p = 0.003). In recurrent disease a single RCT was included assessing the effect of Gliadel(R) and enrolling 222 participants. It did not demonstrate a significant survival increase (HR 0.83 CI 0.62 to 1.10 p = 0.2). There was no suitable data for time to progression or QOL. Adverse events were not more common in either arm, and were presented in a descriptive fashion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Gliadel(R) results in a prolongation of survival without an increased incidence of adverse events when used as primary therapy. There is no evidence of enhanced progression free survival (PFS) or QOL. In recurrent disease, Gliadel(R) does not appear to confer any added benefit. These findings are based on the results of three RCTs with approximately 500 patients in total.
Early Specialization in Youth Sport

JOPERD • Volume 81 No. 8 • October 2010 E arly specialization is characterized by participation in specific, intense training for a single sport at a competitive level at an early age (Baker, Cobley, & Fraser-Thomas, 2009). The theory of deliberate practice supports early specialization where coached training in skill-specific activities is designed solely to improve areas of weakness. The deliberate practice hours must accumulate over at least a 10-year period during the fundamental stages of physical and mental development to result in superior levels of performance (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993). Studies comparing wrestlers of different skill levels and examining elite figure skaters provide evidence of the positive effects of deliberate practice in sport (Starkes, Deakin, Allard, Hodges, & Hayes, 1996). These studies showed that both wrestlers and skaters met the 10-year rule, with wrestlers peaking after 11.4 years and skaters requiring 11.14 years to attain a gold standard of performance. A significant difference in practice hours between international and club wrestlers started at six years into their career. Hours of practice per week were comparable throughout the careers of the international wrestlers and elite skaters, similar to the musicians from Ericsson et al. (1993). On average, the musicians and skaters initiated their career shortly after five years of age, but the wrestlers did not start their career until about 13 years of age (Starkes et al.). Baker (2003) claimed that there is a wealth of evidence supporting early specialization, and Wiersma (2000) noted a trend toward earlier, higher intensity specialization in youth sport. However, Wiersma criticized early specialization from a cognitive, sociological, and psychological perspective, and Baker et al. (2009) suggested early diversification as an alternative approach. Overuse injuries are commonly discussed as a potential risk of early specialization and will be viewed from a biomechanical perspective in this article. The potential developmental and performance aspects of early specialization will also be discussed from a biomechanical perspective.
Pandemic diabetes: can developed-world health professionals do more to support care in developing countries?

AbstractBackground: The world is witnessing a global diabetes pandemic, likely to have devastating consequences for people with diabetes unless there are adequate measures to improve capacity for diabetes care. In December 2006 the United Nations passed a resolution (UNR), recognising diabetes as a serious health threat of the 21st century. The Unite for Diabetes campaign has three phases, the final stage being the development of programmes to facilitate lasting benefits for people with diabetes, globally.Aim: The developing world is witnessing the worst of the diabetes pandemic; such health communities are often least well-equipped to cope. Thus, there is a pressing need to adopt the UNR as a vehicle to catalyse improved capacity through measures including competence and skill development in these regions. An educational course of this nature was developed and implemented in Sri Lanka, in 2004. Consequently, diabetes specialist nurses, previously almost unseen in this developing nation, now run clinics a.
Association between area socioeconomic status and hospital admissions for childhood and adult asthma

xiii Chapter 1 Association between Environmental Asthma Triggers and Hospitalizations for Childhood and Adult Asthma 1 1.1. Literature Review 1 1.1.1. Etiology, Pathology and Epidemiology of Asthma 1 1.1.2. Environmental Triggers of Asthma 6 1.2. Methodology 17 1.2.1. Study Population 17 1.2.2. Study Design 19 1.2.3. Data Analysis 27 1.3. Results 31 1.3. 1. Hospital Admissions for Childhood and Adult Asthma 31 1.3. 2. Environmental Asthma Triggers 38 1.3. 3. Multiple log-linear Regression Analysis 58 Chapter 2 Association between Area Socioeconomic Status and Hospitalizations for Childhood and Adult Asthma 63 2.1. Literature Review 63 2.2. Methodology 72 2.2.1. Study Design 72 2.2.2. Environmental Exposure Assessment 73 2.2.3. Socioeconomic Status Indicators 79 2.2. 4. Socioeconomic Deprivation Index 83 2.2. 5. Data Analysis 85 2.3. Results 90 2.3. 1. Spatial Interpolation 90 2.3. 2. Socioeconomic Status Indicators 109 2.3. 3. Socioeconomic Deprivation Index 131 2.3. 4. Multiple Regression Modeling and Analysis 137 2.3. 5. Validation of Predictive Regression Model 161 Chapter 3 Summary Discussion 166 Chapter 4 Final Conclusions 183
Outcome and predictors of functional recovery 5 years following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI).

OBJECTIVES The aim was to examine functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) during early childhood, to investigate impairments up to 5 years postinjury and identify predictors of outcome. METHODS The study compared three groups of children (mild = 11, moderate = 22, severe = 15), aged 2.0-6.11 years at injury, to a healthy control group (n = 17). Using a prospective, longitudinal design, adaptive abilities, behavior, and family functioning were investigated acutely, 6, 30 months and 5 years postinjury, with educational progress investigated at 30 months and 5 years postinjury. RESULTS A strong association was suggested between injury severity and outcomes across all domains. Further, 5-year outcomes in adaptive and behavioral domains were best predicted by preinjury levels of child function, and educational performance by injury severity. CONCLUSION Children who sustain a severe TBI in early childhood are at greatest risk of long-term impairment in day-to-day skills in the long-term postinjury.
The Anger Expression Scale for Children: initial validation among healthy children and children with cancer.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the proposed structure of the Anger Expression Scale for Children (AESC) in samples of healthy children and those with cancer, and to examine correlations between AESC subscales and other indicators of anger and hostility. METHOD A total of 803 children from two independent studies of healthy and ill children (mean age = 12.7, SD = 3.1) completed the AESC and other measures of anger expression and hostility, and a sub-sample of 298 of their parents completed measures of anger expression and hostility. RESULTS Results provided initial support for the proposed four-factor model of the AESC (Trait Anger, Anger Expression, Anger In, and Anger Control). Measurement invariance was established across groups using a series of nested tests. Correlations between AESC subscales and parent- and child-reported indices of anger, hostility, and aggression support the convergent validity of the scales. CONCLUSIONS Analyses supported the construct validity of the AESC and generalization of the factor structure across healthy and chronically ill children.
From caregiver psychological distress to adolescent glycemic control: the mediating role of perceived burden around diabetes management.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether perceived caregiver burden around diabetes management mediated the relationship between caregivers' psychological distress and adolescents' glycemic control. METHODS Across three visits spanning 9 months, caregivers of 147 adolescents with type 1 diabetes completed measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms and a measure of perceived burden specific to diabetes management. Adolescents' glycemic control was also measured. RESULTS Perceived burden mediated the relationship between caregiver depressive symptoms and adolescents' glycemic control. The overall model was significant, F(10,132) = 5.0, p < . 001, R(2) = 0.27. Fifty percent of the relationship was explained by diabetes-specific burden. The relationship between caregiver anxiety symptoms and adolescent glycemic control was partially mediated by diabetes-specific burden, F(10,133) = 5.7, p < . 001, R(2) = 0.30, explaining 26% of this relationship. DISCUSSION A variable linking caregiver psychological distress to adolescent glycemic control is perceived caregiver burden around diabetes management. Implications for clinical practice include targeting caregiver psychological functioning and reducing global and diabetes-specific distress.
High peer popularity longitudinally predicts adolescent health risk behavior, or does it?: an examination of linear and quadratic associations.

OBJECTIVE In contrast to prior work, recent theory suggests that high, not low, levels of adolescent peer popularity may be associated with health risk behavior. This study examined (a) whether popularity may be uniquely associated with cigarette use, marijuana use, and sexual risk behavior, beyond the predictive effects of aggression; (b) whether the longitudinal association between popularity and health risk behavior may be curvilinear; and (c) gender moderation. METHODS A total of 336 adolescents, initially in 10-11th grades, reported cigarette use, marijuana use, and number of sexual intercourse partners at two time points 18 months apart. Sociometric peer nominations were used to examine popularity and aggression. RESULTS Longitudinal quadratic effects and gender moderation suggest that both high and low levels of popularity predict some, but not all, health risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS New theoretical models can be useful for understanding the complex manner in which health risk behaviors may be reinforced within the peer context.
Toddlers' unintentional injuries: the role of maternal-reported paternal and maternal supervision.

UNLABELLED Research indicates that mothers' supervision protects children from injuries. However, little research has examined the role of fathers' supervision in children's injuries. OBJECTIVES This study compared the role of maternal and paternal supervision in children's injury risk and severity using maternal reports. METHODS Mothers (n = 170) of toddlers were interviewed for 6 months about their children's unintentional injuries. RESULTS Children were more likely to engage in high activity levels and were at higher risk for injury when being cared for by their fathers. Although higher supervision predicted lower injury risk for both mothers and fathers, fathers' close supervision (as reported by mothers) was a stronger predictor of injury risk than mothers' supervision. CONCLUSION Children's higher levels of activities may have accounted for their higher risk of injury when in their fathers' care. These findings indicate the need to include fathers in injury prevention efforts.
Tratamiento de acromegalia con octreotida LAR en 42 casos

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia bioquimica de octreotida LAR en pacientes con acromegalia no operados y operados Metodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo de 42 pacientes con acromegalia activa (recien diagnosticados y operados no curados) en control con octreotida LAR entre 2004 y 2005; 14 hombres (30 %) y 28 mujeres (70 %), media de edad 44 anos, con ajustes de dosis de 10, 20 y 30 mg, seguidos por 24 semanas. La eficacia bioquimica se definio como exito total, exito parcial y falla. La fuente de informacion fueron los expedientes clinicos. Resultados: Octreotida LAR fue administrada en 24 operados no curados y en 18 pacientes de novo. A 24 semanas de tratamiento: en los no operados, la GH media (GHm) disminuyo 56 % y la IGF-1, 30 %; en los operados no curados: 49 y 53 %. En microadenomas: GHm disminuyo 57.6 % e IGF-1, 60 %; en macroadenomas, 50 y 37 %. En microadenomas se logro exito (total y parcial) en 65 % y en los macroadenomas, 28 %. Conclusiones: los pacientes con microadenomas y con menor grado de hipersomatotropinemia tienen mejor respuesta al tratamiento en terminos bioquimicos y de reduccion del volumen tumoral
Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria.

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria is treated using Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT). This review aims to assist the decision making of malaria control programmes by providing an overview of the relative benefits and harms of the available options. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of ACTs with other available ACT and non-ACT combinations for treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; EMBASE; LILACS, and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) to March 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized head to head trials of ACTs in uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.This review is limited to: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; artesunate plus mefloquine; artemether-lumefantrine (six doses); artesunate plus amodiaquine; artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. We analysed primary outcomes in line with the WHO 'Protocol for assessing and monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy' and compared drugs using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Secondary outcomes were effects on P. vivax, gametocytes, haemoglobin, and adverse events. MAIN RESULTS Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. All five ACTs achieved PCR adjusted failure rates of < 10%, in line with WHO recommendations, at most study sites.Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine performed well compared to the ACTs in current use (PCR adjusted treatment failure versus artesunate plus mefloquine in Asia; RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.79; three trials, 1062 participants; versus artemether-lumefantrine in Africa; RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.64; three trials, 1136 participants). ACTs were superior to amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in East Africa (PCR adjusted treatment failure versus artemether-lumefantrine; RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.24; two trials, 618 participants; versus AS+AQ; RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.89; three trials, 1515 participants). Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.43; four trials, 1442 participants) and artesunate plus mefloquine (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.41; four trials, 1003 participants) were more effective than artemether-lumefantrine at reducing the incidence of P.vivax over 42 days follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is another effective first-line treatment for P. falciparum malaria.The performance of the non-ACT (amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) falls below WHO recommendations for first-line therapy in parts of Africa.In areas where primaquine is not being used for radical cure of P. vivax, ACTs with long half-lives may provide some benefit.
Social Support and Physical Health: Understanding the Health Consequences of Relationships

This state-of-the-art book examines the effect of social relationships on physical health. It surveys and assesses the research that shows not only that supportive relationships protect us from a multitude of mental health problems but also that the absence of supportive relationships increases the risk of dying from various diseases. Bert N. Uchino discusses the links between social support and mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. He investigates whether social support is more effective for some individuals and within certain cultures. After evaluating existing conceptual models linking social support to health outcomes, he offers his own broader perspective on the issue. And he suggests the implications for intervention and for future research in this area.
An intervention based on Schachter's externality theory for overweight children: the regulation of cues pilot.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of an intervention based on Schachter's externality theory; the Regulation of Cues (ROC) program. METHODS 44 overweight and obese 8-12-year-old children and their parents were randomly assigned to a 4-month ROC program or the control group. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 4 months posttreatment and included acceptability and feasibility, body weight, and eating behaviors. RESULTS The ROC program had moderate to high acceptability ratings. Significant improvements were found for the ROC group compared with the control group on child food responsiveness at posttreatment and eating in the absence of hunger at 4 months posttreatment. Improvements were seen for the ROC group compared with the control group on body weight measures and food responsiveness, although these only approached significance. CONCLUSION The ROC intervention may be useful with overweight and obese children. Larger, fully powered studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of this model.