Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fighting Maoist Violence with Promises: Evidence from India's Employment Guarantee Scheme

The Indian state faces a substantial internal security threat in the form of a Maoist insurgency, but decades of relying predominantly on military strength have not been a successful strategy for resolving the conflict. Recently, there has been a growing interest in whether anti-poverty programs can increase the effectiveness of the government forces by improving the relationship between citizens and the state and making civilians more willing to share information on insurgents. A prime candidate for such a program is the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), the world's largest public-works program. We find that the introduction of NREGS leads to an increase in violence in the short run that is driven by police-initiated attacks, and an increase in the number of captured Maoists. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that civilians assist the police because of NREGS, and suggest that the role of civilians in internal conflicts should not be ignored.
Composição centesimal e de fitoquímicos emjambolão (Syzygium cumini)

O jambolao e uma arvore originaria da India e Indonesia, pertencente a familia das Mirtaceas. Frutifica nos meses de janeiro a maio, em diversos estados do Brasil. Os frutos sao pequenos, de coloracao roxa e envolve um caroco unico. O sabor do jambolao nao se destaca muito devido a adstringencia da fruta. O consumo de frutas tropicais vem aumentando nos ultimos anos devido ao apelo pelo seu valor nutritivo e aos efeitos terapeuticos. Estas frutas contem diferentes fitoquimicos, muitos destes exibem propriedades antioxidantes, com destaque para os tocoferois, carotenoides e compostos fenolicos, devido suas propriedades de reagir com os radicais livres presentes. Dentre os compostos fenolicos destacam-se os flavonoides que quimicamente, englobam as antocianinas e os flavonois. Praticamente nao se conhece a composicao quimica do jambolao, devido a isto, o conhecimento de alguns de seus componentes se faz importante, para prever a viabilidade de sua utilizacao como alimento in natura e como materia prima para a elaboracao de outros produtos. Este estudo apresentou como objetivo avaliar a composicao quimica das frutas de jambolao colhidas de diferentes plantas de tres cidades da Regiao Sul do estado do RS. O experimento consta de frutas oriundas de tres arvores distintas em tres cidades do Sul do estado (Santa Vitoria do Palmar, Pelotas e Capao do Leao), sendo avaliadas quanto a composicao quimica e ao teor de fitoquimicos. Pelos resultados observa-se que o jambolao apresenta composicao quimica similar a outras frutas caracteristicas da regiao, apresentando baixo conteudo em cinzas, proteinas, pectina e de fibras. O teor de umidade, acucares e pH e caracteristico de frutas citricas, no entanto, com um teor superior em solidos soluveis. A fruta apresenta baixo conteudo em tocoferois e acido ascorbico, porem apresenta um alto teor de taninos e de compostos fenolicos.
Molecular Dissection of the 8 Phase Transcriptional Program Controlled by Cyclin E-P220 NPAT Signaling Pathway

Abstract : Cyclin E/Cdk2, a central regulator of the G1/S transition, coordinates multiple cell cycle events, including DNA replication, centrosome duplication, and activation of the E2F transcriptional program. Recent studies suggest a role for cyclin E/Cdk2 in activation of histone transcription during S phase via the Cajal body-associated protein p22ONPAT, and in addition, p220 can promote S-phase entry independently of histone transcriptional activation when overexpressed. We found that p220 is required for proliferation of HCT116 cells, as assessed after expression of Cre recombinase in p220fl0x/-cells. This defect was due to an inability of these cells to transit from 00/01 into S phase, and cell cycle arrest occurred in the presence of elevated Cdk2 kinase activity. Expression of human papillomavirus E7, but not E6, eliminated cell cycle arrest in response to p220 depletion. Optimal expression of all four core histone genes required p220. Basal histone H4 expression in G0/G1, although p220-dependent, occurs in the absence of detectable phosphorylation of p220 on Cdk2 sites. These finding indicate that p220 is an essential downstream component of the cyclin E/Cdk2 signaling pathway and functions to coordinate multiple elements of the G1/S transition.
Southward propagation of the Karakoram fault system, southwest Tibet: Timing and magnitude of slip

The net slip on the southern portion of the Karakoram fault system in southwest Tibet is estimated by restoring a piercing line defined by two key surfaces in the South Kailas thrust system, a regional counter thrust along the Indus-Yalu suture. Assuming that the thrust system is planar across the Karakoram fault, we calculate 66 ± 5.5 km of normal right slip. Documentation of the South Kailas thrust active at 13 Ma implies that the Karakoram fault in southwest Tibet did not initiate until after the cessation of motion on the thrust. However, field investigations of the central portion of the Karakoram fault system document the fault to have been active at 17 Ma and to have accumulated a maximum of 150 km of right slip. We suggest that these along-strike variations in the magnitude of slip and timing constraints are best explained by southward propagation of the Karakoram fault system. This is inconsistent with major right-lateral slip on the fault system, which was used in support of extrusion models for Tibet.
The study of" Free-rider" in Problem-based Learning Situation -takes the college interior design course as example

Problem-based learning (PBL) is built on the theoretical basis of " cooperative learning", "situ ated learning" and "constructivism" and the role of the teacher is changed from knowledge authority to a "t utor" . The learning mode of student is changed from independent thinking to brain storming. In the PBL learning situation, the learning atmosphere becomes free and diversified. Therefore, PBL becomes an effective teaching method of cultivating student's diversif ied thinking capability. However, it has been pointed o ut in the related studies of all kinds of fields that PBL could easily create free-riding learning phenomenon; ther efore, in this study, we try to study how to find out the "free- rider" in PBL and what is the cause of free-riding behavior. In this study, a questionnaire survey and observational method are used. First, in" Involveme nt and performance evaluation table for PBL in the int erior design course learning", personal performance is classified through cross-compared analysis in terms of three aspects : self-evaluation, cross evaluation performance and the observation record from tutors in order to find out free-riding learner . Moreover, i n terms of" Classroom climate questionnaire in PBL ", we found difference between free-rider and general learner i n internal influence factor:"learning style" and exte rnal influence factors:"learning situation" and "tutor's leadership style". The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate PBL teaching method which minimizes the quantity of free-riders.
Leis de escala e a din^amica do crescimento em estruturas biologicas (Scaling laws and the growth dynamics in biological structures)

Recebido em 10/11/2007; Aceito em 8/1/2008; Publicado em 8/8/2008Neste artigo vamos apresentar de forma sucinta e interdisciplinar a rela»c~ao entre as leis de escala na f¶‡sicae a din^amica do crescimento em estruturas biol¶ogicas. Inicialmente, ser~ao discutidos os conceitos preliminaresnos quais se baseiam as leis de escala aplicadas na biologia. Em seguida, usaremos a hip¶otese de similaridadede West para formular, de maneira did¶atica e detutiva, uma equa»c~ao diferencial generalizada para estudar ocrescimento dos organismos em geral.Palavras-chave: leis de escala, crescimento, similaridade.In this article we will brie°y present an interdisciplinary relationship between scaling laws in physics andgrowth dynamics in biological structures. First, will be discussed the preliminary concepts of the scaling lawsapplied in biology. By using the West similarity hypothesis, we formulate, in a deductive and didactic way, ageneralized diﬁerential equation to study the growth of organisms in general.Keywords: scaling laws, growth, similarity.
NO PUB DATE NOTE AVAILABLE FROM DOCUMENT RESUME 1 } SE 022 70

This paper is a theoretical discussion of several functions of knowledge systems based on the idea of partial matching, that is, comparison of two or more descriptions by identification of their similarities. Several knowledge system functions are described in terms of partial or best matchings including analogical reasoning, iLductive inference, predicate discovery, pattern-directed inference, semantic interpretation, and speech and image understanding. It is difficult to determine admissible algorithms for these functions; economical solutions seem to be possible only for globally organized knowledge bases. Examples are provided and directions for research are discussed. (Author/SD) 4 Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every eff.ort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility, are often encountered and this affects.the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes . available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS) . EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * suipplied by EDRS are he best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE NInT ION&L INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATI NG IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY THE ROLE OF PARTIAL AND BEST MATCHES TN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Frederick Hayes-Roth
Employee turnover, HRM and institutional contexts

Literature on comparative capitalism remains divided between approaches founded on stylized case study evidence and descriptions of broad trends, and those that focus on macro data. In contrast, this study explores the relevance of Amable’s approach to understanding differences in employment relations practice, based on firm-level micro data. The article examines employee–employer interdependence (including turnover rates) in different categories of economy as classified by Amable. The findings confirm that exit – whether forced or voluntary – remains more common in market-based economies than in their continental counterparts and that institutionalized employee voice is an important variable in reducing turnover. However, there is as much diversity within the different country categories as between them, and across continental Europe. In Denmark’s case, high turnover is combined with high unionization, showing the effects of a ‘flexicurity’ strategy. While employee voice may be stronger in Scandinavia, interdependence is weaker than in continental Europe.
Diverse and newly recognized effects associated with siRNA binding site modifications on the Tomato bushy stunt virus P 19 silencing suppressor

The Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) encoded P19 forms dimers that bind duplex short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to suppress RNA silencing. P19 is also involved in multiple hostspecific activities, including the elicitation of symptoms, and in local and/or systemic spread. To study the correlation between those various roles and the siRNA binding by P19, predicted siRNA-interacting sites were modified. Twenty-two mutants were generated and inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants, to reveal that: i) they were all infectious, ii) symptom differences did not correlate strictly with mutation-associated variation in P19 accumulation, and iii) substitutions affecting a central domain of P19 generally exhibited symptoms more severe than for mutations affecting peripheral regions. Three mutants selected to represent separate phenotypic categories, all displayed a substantially reduced ability to sequester siRNA, Consequently, these three mutants were compromised for systemic virus spread in P19dependent hosts, but had differential plant species dependent effects on the symptom severity. One mutant in particular caused relatively exacerbated symptoms, exemplified by extensive morphological leaf deformations in N. benthamiana; especially remarkable because P19 was undetectable. Another striking feature for this mutant was that only within a few days after infection, viral RNA was cleared by silencing. One more original property was that host RNAs and proteins (notably the P19-interactive Hin19 protein) were also susceptible to degradation in these infected N. benthamiana plants, but not in spinach. In conclusion, even though siRNA binding by P19 is a key functional property, compromised siRNA sequestration can result in novel and diverse host-dependent properties. AC CE PT ED
The Giant In A Dilemma As To Whether To Go Or Stay

Since 1987 an open policy under the Chinese government has allowed international investment to flow into China. This development has been accompanied by an increased presence of foreign business expatriates managing joint ventures and subsidiaries. These foreign businesspersons have to make things work in a new social and cultural context, which can be a complicated task, sometimes proving too demanding. In order to facilitate business expatriates adjust to an overseas environment and work effectively, MNCs need to recognize the expatriates’ cross-cultural training factor to affect cross-cultural adjustment. The main purpose of this study is utilizing questionnaire to investigate the relationship between the cross-cultural training and cross-cultural adjustment of Taiwanese expatriates in China. The statistical results of this study were exposed the importance of such training in preparing the individuals for intercultural work assignments has become increasingly apparent. The correlation between cross-cultural training and cross-cultural adjustment was significant in this study. It appears that Taiwanese employees believe that prior cross-cultural training is necessary for Taiwanese expatriates. The statistical results revealed that Taiwanese MNCs often neglect to provide any kind of cross-cultural training for their international expatriates. In review, the high costs related to difficulties in expatriation such as adjustment difficulties, premature returns, repatriation difficulties and career management problems, are also widely noticed. From this standpoint it is stressed that the training of employees for their international careers is a very important HRM challenge.
Gene transfer history of carbon fixation proteins constrains marine cyanobacteria divergence times

Carboxysomes provide an avenue for narrowing the timing of evolutionary events in groups of cyanobacteria that are ecologically dominant in modem marine environments groups that may have an integral role in oxygenating the Earth's atmosphere. Here I show that using concatenated phylogenies of carbon fixation proteins better informs the horizontal gene transfer event that brought carboxysomes from purple sulfur bacteria into marine cyanobacteria and that this gene history aids in constraining the evolutionary timing of carbon fixation. Genes encoding the proteins for the a-carboxysomal shell as well as RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase are co-located on the genomes of various cyanobacteria in the Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus groups. Previous studies have shown that these genes were likely horizontally transferred together from Chromatiales (purple sulfur bacteria), a group of phototrophic Gammaproteobacteria. While many of these genes are highly conserved and thus yield poorly resolved phylogenies, their concatenation clarifies a shared evolutionary history. This work integrates gene transfer with molecular clock calibration methods to determine divergence times. Accordingly, I evaluate the relationship between atmospheric evolution and the ecology of important groups of phototrophs. Thesis Supervisor: Gregory Fournier Title: Assistant Professor of Geobiology
Paleocene-Eocene migmatite crystallization, extension, and exhumation in the hinterland of the northern Cordillera: Okanogan dome, Washington, USA

The Okanogan gneiss dome, Washington, is located in the hinterland of the North American Cordillera and is part of a chain of metamorphic core complexes containing gneiss and migmatite domes exhumed during Eocene extension of thickened crust. U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses of zircon, monazite, and titanite, and 40 Ar39 Ar analyses of biotite from migmatites exposed in the footwall of the Okanogan detachment, coupled with a detailed structural analysis, document the timing and duration of migmatite crystallization and indicate coeval crystallization, extensional deformation, and exhumation of the dome. Okanogan migmatites are folded and deformed, and preserve successive generations of leucosomes generated by synkinematic anatexis. Analyses of migmatite samples from a highmelt fraction subdome near Stowe Mountain suggest that the Okanogan dome records a history of migmatite crystallization spanning at least 12 m.y. , as indicated by 206 Pb/
Cultural determinants of attitudes toward career 1

A new type of career is developed contemporary. It changes the employee’s relationship with an organization and is attributed to the “employability” itself (Baruch 2004, p 62). Processes within the organization’s environment as well as its center require the change in the employer’s approach to the employee. The employer-employee relationships should be characterized by, among others, openness, partnership and fl exibility as well. It fosters the labor market skills development, useful while the cooperation with the organization will be completed. Constant changes we are living in, causes that the traditionally understood career i.e. of a linear character, is replaced by the protean career, a career without boundaries. The choice of a particular career path is the result of many choices between different values, what is, in majority, culturally determined process. The aim of the article is to describe the role of organizational culture in formation of attitudes toward career. In the elaboration the career itself has been interpreted with a particular emphasis on its contemporary understanding. The issue of values internalization has been DOI: 10.2478/manment-2014-0022 ISSN 1429-9321
Green economy planning in tourism destinations: An integrated, multi-method decision support aid

Currently, tourism is estimated to contribute around 5% to the world’s total anthropogenic GHG emissions and estimates show that tourism’s GHG emissions could grow by 161% by 2035 in a ‘business as usual’ scenario. The term ‘green economy’ refers to the realization of material wealth without major, consequent environmental and social problems. Many tourism destinations are currently pursuing green economy strategies but development of appropriate policies is complex and, consequently, decision support technologies can be used to advantage here. The design of one such decision support system is described in this paper. The research approach is based on the notion that the development (and use) of an information system can be considered a legitimate research activity in its own right and, in particular, a parallel is drawn with case study research: specifically, that systems may evolve through a series of prototypes with results of each stage informing requirements for the next and subsequent iterations. Innovative features of the system are that its design is underpinned both by a need to effectively manage the inherent complexity of the analysis domain and to allow iterative development with minimum impact on previous versions (i.e. to minimize ongoing maintenance costs). An additional important feature is that, while various subsystems may be developed using whatever software platform is deemed most appropriate, an abstracted conceptual schema facilitates effective integration of all components. To date, the DSS has been used in the field at two locations, Sharm El Sheik in Egypt and Bali, Indonesia. The Bali experience is overviewed and a specific information-sharing example is presented. The example is concerned with visitor goodwill and this concept’s link with the strategy objective of improving the environment through the establishment of more open space (especially forest land). Part of a system dynamics (SD) stock-flow application used to support scenario generation and testing, related to this objective, is presented and the importance of sharing data beyond this individual application was highlighted: specifically, expert system rules (from another application) utilizing this data are specified. Potentially, outputs from the expert system analysis could usefully be fed back into the original SD application.
Estimation of oceanic sub-surface mixing under a severe cyclonic storm 1 using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model 2

6 A coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model used to examine mixing in the upper oceanic 7 layers under the influence of a very severe cyclonic storm Phailin over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) 8 during 10-14 October 2013. Model simulations highlight prominent role of cyclone induced near9 inertial oscillations in sub-surface mixing up to the thermocline depth. The inertial mixing 10 introduced by the cyclone played a central role in deepening of the thermocline and mixed layer 11 depth by 40 m and 15 m, respectively. For the first time over the BoB, a detailed analysis of inertial 12 oscillation kinetic energy generation, propagation, and dissipation was carried out using an 13 atmosphere-ocean-wave coupled model during a cyclone. A quantitative estimate of kinetic energy 14 in the oceanic water column, its propagation and dissipation mechanisms were explained using the 15 coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model. The large shear generated by the inertial oscillations 16 found to overcome the stratification and initiate mixing at the base of the mixed layer. Greater 17 mixing was found at the depths where the eddy kinetic diffusivity was large. The baroclinic 18 current, holding a larger fraction of kinetic energy than the barotropic current, weakened rapidly 19 after the passage of cyclone. The shear-induced by inertial oscillations found to decrease rapidly 20 with increasing depth below the thermocline. The dampening of mixing process below the 21 thermocline explained through the enhanced dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy upon 22 approaching the thermocline layer. The wave-current interaction, non-linear wave-wave 23 interaction were found to affect the process of downward mixing and cause the dissipation of 24 inertial oscillations. 25