Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition , DM and NDF degradation kinetics in rumen of seven legume straws

Seven legume straws (Cicer arietinum, Vicia benghalensis, Vicia sativa, Vicia villosa, Vicia faba, Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum) were studied in rumen-cannulated rams. The chemical composition of the studied legume straws varied from 4.3 to 10.1% for ash, 6.1 to 11.4% for CP, 58.0 to 76.5% for NDF, 40.3 to 59.6% for ADF and 8.2 to 14.2% for ADL. Extent of degradation for DM and NDF by the nylon-bag technique varied between 45.4 and 63.2%, and 36.6 and 57.1%, respectively.The lowest DM degradability was seen in chickpeas and the lowest NDF degradability in horse beans. The highest values for NDF and DM were seen in peas. Significant differences between DM and NDF degradation kinetics were observed in most of the straws using the Gallant test. The differences may be explained by the variation in cell-wall content. NDF potential degradability was negatively, and significantly, correlated with NDF, ADF, and ADL contents (r  ÿ0.829, p 0.05; r  ÿ0.826, p 0.05; and r  ÿ0.917, p 0.01; respectively). The use of the aforementioned legume straws by ruminants may have some advantages relative to some cereal straws, due to their higher DM degradability and degradation rate in the rumen. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The role of histamine in allergic disease: re‐appraisal of its inflammatory potential

Studiesofallergicdiseases,inparticularasthma,rhinitisand urticaria, have suggested that histamine, a biogenicamine synthesized and stored mainly in mast cells andbasophils, plays a prominent role in the pathophysiol-ogy of these diseases (1–3). Several immunologic andnonimmunologic stimuli, such as allergen, immunoglo-bulin (Ig)E, cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1, IL-3, IL-8,GM-CSF), substance P, complement C3a and C5a,platelet-activating factor (PAF), hyperosmolarity, phy-sical stimuli (vibration, heat, cold), etc., induce therelease of histamine from mast cells and basophils,following which it diffuses rapidly into the surroundingtissues and exerts its effects, before being metabolismand excreted in the urine (4). In experimental asthma induced by allergen orexercise challenge, it has been demonstrated that thelevels of histamine are increased in the circulation andimplicated in bronchoconstriction (5–7). Studies ofsymptomatic asthmatics have also demonstrated thathistamine levels are signiﬁcantly increased in thebronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of these individuals,compared with histamine levels in BAL of asympto-matic asthmatics (8,9). Similarly, allergen challenge inpatients with allergic rhinitis signiﬁcantly increases thelevels of histamine in nasal secretions of theseindividuals (10–12), implicating a role for this mediatorin the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. Indeed, nasalchallenge with histamine has been shown to inducenasal blockage, sneezing and rhinorrhoea (13,14), likelyas a result of sensory nerve stimulation in the nasalmucosa (15). In patients with cold urticaria, challengewith ice-water leads to a rapid rise in plasma histamineconcentration within 2 min, which peaks at 5 min andreturns to baseline values by 15–30 min (16). Investigations of patients with chronic urticaria havealso indicated that histamine is a central mediator inthis allergic condition, with increased levels detectedboth in the lesions and normal skin of patients withurticaria, compared with skin of healthy individuals(17–19). Furthermore, the responsiveness of skin tohistamine is also increased in patients with urticaria(19). Apart from the classical activities of histamine, thereis an increasing body of evidence that histamine alsoelicits pro-inﬂammatory and immune-modulatoryeffects, whichmight be of pathophysiological relevance.The ﬁndings of histamine receptors expressed on avarietyof immuneandnonimmunecellssuggesta muchwider and more critical role of this mediator in allergicdisease, than is considered presently. Consequently, it islikely that antihistamines have a wider impact onallergic inﬂammation, and that effects on immune cellswhich have been linked to nonreceptor mediatedpathways so far, may actually be receptor-dependent.This review aims to give an overview on a currentlyemerging new understanding of the role of histamine inallergic disease.
Receios e apoios em educação sexual: percepções de professores de 1.º CEB

O proposito deste trabalho consistiu em identificar concepcoes de professores de 1.o Ciclo do Ensino Basico acerca da Educacao Sexual (ES) em meio escolar, analisando-se aqui as suas percepcoes de receios e de apoios. A investigacao desenrolou-se em tres fases: aplicou-se um questionario a uma amostra de 486 individuos; organizou-se um debate com 4 professores; realizaram-se cinco grupos de foco que totalizaram 19 participantes. Os dados do questionario foram analisados estatisticamente atraves do programa SPSS. Os dados do debate e dos grupos de foco foram alvo de analise de conteudo utilizando o metodo dos termos pivot. Os resultados do questionario indicaram que os professores receiam essencialmente a mentalidade e as reaccoes dos pais, bem como as reaccoes dos proprios alunos e o conservadorismo do meio. Os apoios que mais consideraram foram os dos colegas e dos directores de escola e de agrupamento. Factores que revelaram influencia significativa na variavel receios foram sobretudo sexo, formacao especifica em ES e area de trabalho, enquanto a variavel apoios parece ser mais influenciada pela religiao e pratica religiosa, alem da formacao esporadica em ES. A argumentacao apresentada nas discussoes validou externamente estas percepcoes dos professores.
L'apprentissage automatique comme base du suivi d'élèves et de l'amélioration de formations

Cet article vise a presenter un projet de recherche dont le but est d'utiliser des methodes d'intelligence artificielle et de fouille de donnees pour l'e-learning. Nous proposons des solutions techniques au probleme du suivi des eleves en formation et de l'amelioration des formations proposees. Notre solution prend la forme d'une application qui centralisera des donnees issues de LMS et permettra de les examiner et de les analyser en utilisant des methodes de l'intelligence artificielle. Cette application pourra dans un deuxieme temps servir de base a la creation d'un tuteur virtuel intelligent. Nous detaillons nos propositions concernant les methodes a employer, l'architecture de l'application et les elements choisis pour servir d'indicateurs et d'attributs d'apprentissage automatique, et analysons les resultats preliminaires d'un partitionnement de donnees.
Regulation and function of interleukin‐36 cytokines in homeostasis and pathological conditions

IL‐36α, IL‐36β, and IL‐36γ are members of the IL‐1 family of cytokines that signal through a common receptor composed of IL‐36R and IL‐1R/AcP to activate NF‐κB and MAPKs, such as p38 and JNK, and promote inflammatory responses. IL‐36Ra is a natural antagonist of the 3 IL‐36 agonists that binds to IL‐36R and inhibits binding of the agonistic ligands. These cytokines are expressed predominantly by epithelial cells and act on a number of cells, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Processing of the N terminus is required for full agonist or antagonist activity for all IL‐36 members. The role of IL‐36 has been demonstrated extensively in the skin, where it can act on keratinocytes and immune cells to induce a robust inflammatory response and is implicated strongly through functional and genetic evidence in the pathology of psoriatic disorders. Emerging data also suggest a role for this cytokine family in pulmonary physiology and pathology. Although much has been learned about the biochemistry of IL‐36 and its role in various tissues, it is clear that we are at an early stage in our understanding of the full biology of these cytokines.
Human mass balance, metabolite profile and identification of metabolic enzymes of [14C]ASP015K, a novel oral janus kinase inhibitor

Abstract 1. The human mass balance of 14C-labelled ASP015K ([14C]ASP015K), an orally bioavailable Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, was characterized in six healthy male subjects after a single oral dose of [14C]ASP015K (100 mg, 3.7 MBq) in solution. [14C]ASP015K was rapidly absorbed with tmax of 1.6 and 1.8 h for ASP015K and total radioactivity in plasma, respectively. Mean recovery in urine and feces amounted to 36.8% and 56.6% of the administered dose, respectively. The main components of radioactivity in plasma and urine were ASP015K and M2 (5′-O-sulfo ASP015K). In feces, ASP015K and M4 (7-N-methyl ASP015K) were the main components. 2. In vitro study of ASP015K metabolism showed that the major isozyme contributing to the formation of M2 was human sulfotransferase (SULT) 2A1 and of M4 was nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). 3. The in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint_in vitro) of M4 formation from ASP015K in human liver cytosol (HLC) was 11-fold higher than that of M2. The competitive inhibitory effect of nicotinamide on M4 formation in the human liver was considered the reason for high CLint_in vitro of M4 formation, while each metabolic pathway made a near equal contribution to the in vivo elimination of ASP015K. ASP015K was cleared by multiple mechanisms.
Stratégies de contrôle embarquables d'un groupe moto-propulseur hybride de type bi-mode

Ces dernieres annees ont vu le marche automobile evoluer de maniere importante, chahute par un ensemble de contraintes geopolitiques et environnementales nouvelles, dont la principale est la necessite de reduire les emissions de gaz a effet de serre. Une des solutions a moyen terme les plus prometteuses pour repondre a ce probleme est l'hybridation des groupes moto-propulseurs. La complexification des transmissions alors engendree pose des problemes de controle dont les points cles sont : la rapidite des suivis du couple a la roue, du regime moteur et de la tension de l'element de stockage dans un cadre multivariable, le decouplage de ces suivis et la robustesse de la loi de commande face a un certain nombre de perturbations identifiees et aux non-linearites. Un outil moderne repond a ces attentes, en proposant une approche frequentielle, qui permet donc la traduction d'un cahier des charges precis : la synthese H1. Dans cette these, nous poserons tout d'abord le contexte du marche automobile actuel, et nous determinerons un modele generique pour un ensemble de transmissions hybrides. Deux axes seront alors etudies independamment. D'une part, nous presenterons une structure de loi de commande avantageuse reprenant l'approche moteur / boite de vitesse que l'on retrouve dans un vehicule classique. D'autre part, nous mettrons en relief le fait que le systeme, bien que non lineaire, peut etre aborde dans le cadre des systemes lineaires a parametres variants (LPV). Deux approches sont alors possibles : synthetiser un correcteur lineaire invariant, ou un correcteur egalement LPV. Pour faire ce choix nous mettrons en place plusieurs outils d'analyse, adaptes au cadre LPV, et realiserons des simulations significatives. Dans le but d'implanter la loi de commande choisie dans un vehicule d'essais, une architecture logicielle sera alors definie, assurant la discretisation et la bonne initialisation du correcteur. Les resultats obtenus sur prototype montrent que les outils utilises sont bien adaptes aux transmissions hybrides, et qu'ils permettent un reglage fin des objectifs du cahier des charges.
The effects of tumor‐derived platelet‐derived growth factor on vascular morphology and function in vivo revealed by susceptibility MRI

Platelet‐derived growth factors (PDGF) play a major role in pericyte recruitment in tumor capillaries. Pericytes are required for proper vessel development, and contribute to tumor angiogenesis by promoting stabilization and maturation of newly formed vessels. To investigate the effects of pericyte coverage on tumor vessel morphology and function in vivo, tumors derived from B16 melanoma cells transfected with either control plasmid (B16/ctr) or plasmid encoding full‐length PDGF‐BB (B16/PDGF), the latter previously shown to have enhanced blood vessel pericyte coverage and an increased tumor growth rate, were assessed using histopathological methods, Hoechst 33342‐based perfusion analyses, and two noninvasive susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Susceptibility‐contrast MRI, incorporating the use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, revealed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in vessel size index (Rv) of B16/PDGF tumors, and which was validated histologically by the presence of significantly smaller (p < 0.001), more punctate blood vessels identified by fluorescence microscopy of the perfusion marker Hoechst 33342. Intrinsic‐susceptibility MRI was used to measure the transverse MRI relaxation rate R2*, sensitive to changes in endogenous paramagnetic [deoxyhaemoglobin], and used to probe for vascular maturation and function. Hypercapnia (5% CO2/95% air) induced a negligible ΔR2* response in the B16/ctr and B16/PDGF tumors. In contrast, hyperoxia (5% CO2/95% O2) induced a significantly greater R2* reduction in the B16/PDGF tumors (p < 0.02). Together the susceptibility MRI‐derived biomarkers reveal novel pericyte‐dependent changes in the morphology and function of the perfused tumor vasculature in vivo. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interfaces tangíveis e simuladores de veículos: avaliação do honda riding trainer

Este artigo trata da interacao tangivel, por meio de interfaces cinestesicas, em simuladores educacionais. Tal estudo encontra importância a medida que as possibilidades tecnologicas de interacao tangivel aumentam. Ressalta-se, sobretudo, as aplicacoes em termos educacionais em diversas areas, dentre elas treinamento de condutores para o trânsito. Assim, o presente artigo consiste em uma analise da interface tangivel no simulador Honda Riding Trainer. Tal analise foi efetivada mediante uma avaliacao experimental com 40 testadores, que foram observados em cenarios de uso. A partir das observacoes e dos feedbacks dos testadores o aparelho foi classificado segundo as tipologias vigentes na literatura sobre interacao fisica. O estudo conclui com uma classificacao do Honda Riding Trainer a partir das abordagens de Ullmer [17], Hornecker [10], Liu [12], Almeida [1] e Bakker [3], bem como aponta incompletudes das tipologias atuais e da necessidade de protocolos de avaliacao.
A Formal Approach to Verify Parameterized Protocols in Mobile Cyber-Physical Systems

Mobile cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are very hard to verify, because of asynchronous communication and the arbitrary number of components. Verification via model checking typically becomes impracticable due to the state space explosion caused by the system parameters and concurrency. In this paper, we propose a formal approach to verify the safety properties of parameterized protocols in mobile CPS. By using counter abstraction, the protocol is modeled as a Petri net. Then, a novel algorithm, which uses IC3 (the state-of-the-art model checking algorithm) as the back-end engine, is presented to verify the Petri net model. The experimental results show that our new approach can greatly scale the verification capabilities compared favorably against several recently published approaches. In addition to solving the instances fast, our method is significant for its lower memory consumption.
A Biopsychological Foundation for Linguistics

ii Acknowledgements iv Introduction 1 Linguistic Naturalism in the Chomskyan Paradigm 3 Linguistic Platonism and Katz’ Necessity Argument 6 The Relevance of Phonetics and Phonology 8 Outline of Thesis Sections: 10 o Section 1: A Response to the Case for Linguistic Platonism 11 o Section 2: A Case for a Biopsychological Account 11 o Section 3: Responses to Objections to the Biospychological Account 12 Section 1: A Response to the Case for Linguistic Platonism Chapter 1: The Historical Context of the Debate on the Ontology of Language 13 From Mathematics to Language 1: Frege, Anti-Psychologism and Propositions 15 From Mathematics to Language 2: Russell, Logical Analysis, and Rational Reconstruction 19 Lewis and Soames on Nature Languages’ Logical Independence 21 Katz on Necessity and Analytic Truth 26 To Come in this Thesis 29
Infectious hepatitis; length of protection by immune serum globulin (gamma globulin) during epidemics.

Following the evidence first obtained by Stokes and Neefe1that gamma globulin from large pools of plasma, in amounts of 0.15 ml. per pound of body weight, was protective against epidemic hepatitis, there have been numerous confirmatory studies,2in some of which a dosage of 0.06 ml. per pound of body weight has been proved to be effective. Studies were then initiated to determine (1) whether recent batches of gamma globulin were as effective as the batches first used, (2) whether, for the purpose of conserving the material, smaller doses of gamma globulin could be used as effectively, and (3) how long the protection of gamma globulin remained when the persons who had been inoculated continued to be exposed to the disease. The present report presents the data concerning the above three questions obtained on studies of epidemics of hepatitis within three relatively well-segregated institutions. The problem related
Anti‐CD3 mAbs for treatment of type 1 diabetes

The use of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has moved from the bench to the bedside. The experience with the anti‐human CD3 mAb OKT3 for treatment of transplant rejection identified limitations that were largely overcome with the creation of humanized non‐FcR binding antibodies: Teplizumab, Otelixizumab and Visilizumab. Preclinical studies showed the ability of the drugs to reverse hyperglycaemia in diabetic non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice providing rationale for clinical trials with the agents. The former two drugs have been tested in subjects with new onset type 1 diabetes. They have both shown, in randomized clinical trials, an ability to reduce the loss of insulin production over the first 2 years of the disease. In addition, the need for exogenous insulin to maintain glucose control has been reduced. However, these agents alone do not restore normal glucose control, and future approaches will likely require combinations of agents with complementary immune or metabolic activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Basic and Advanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills of Trained Hospital Nursing Staff

The cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of 105 trained hospital nurses were tested. Both basic and, for the first time in the UK, advanced skills were examined; basic skills were assessed by practical evaluation with a standard manikin and advanced knowledge by multiple choice questionnaire. No nurse adequately performed all four practical skills tested. Knowledge of the ventilatory aspects of resuscitation, defibrillation and advanced technique and drug management were also found to be poor. The findings add further support to adequate training of nurses in resuscitation skills. We describe a solution to overcome the heavy demands of such teaching and suggest that the same model be applied to the training of medical staff in resuscitation skills.
Welfare of Broiler Breeders Discusses ways of improving and measuring the welfare of frustratingly hungry broiler breeders

The selection of broiler breeders for increased growth rate has resulted in increased appetite (Siegel & Wiseman, 1966). Consequently, ad libitum feeding of broiler breeder flocks causes obesity, which must be controlled in order to maintain reproductive and general health (Mench, 2002). To counteract this problem, broiler breeders are reared with substantial feed restrictions (Robinson et al., 1993). Although restricted feeding improves welfare by preventing obesity and its health-related issues, studies have shown that feed restriction results in increased abnormal oral behaviours, such as stereotypic pecking at non-food objects (FAWC, 1998). Studies on feeding motivation in broiler breeders has also concluded that, due to their enormous appetites, they will also be hungry for considerable periods (FAWC, 1998). Recent studies examine how effective alternative diets can measure hunger indirectly to reduce it and to find tests that can be performed to better measure hunger.
The Use of Free Groin Flaps in Children

The free groin flap is a well-established method of skin coverage. Although its use in children has been reported, there have been no published series specifically in such cases. The authors report 33 consecutive cases of free groin flaps in children in their unit over a period of 9 years (1992 to 2001). Tissue transfer was performed to provide soft-tissue coverage during reconstruction of congenital defects and tumor resection and following trauma. Twenty-six cases (79 percent) involved the upper limb, six cases (18 percent) involved the lower limb, and one case involved the head. The complication rate compares favorably with similar series published for adults, with only two complete failures (6 percent), three (9 percent) minor donor-site complications (superficial wound infection, hypertrophic scarring, and dog-ears), and nine flaps requiring debulking. The reexploration rate was 24 percent, with seven of the eight flaps undergoing reexploration surviving. The groin flap is a reliable flap that can be used safely in children, with minimal morbidity.
Control of nonlinear Dynamics: where do Models Fit in?

Several control design techniques applied to nonlinear dynamics and chaos assume that a model of the uncontrolled dynamics is available. The extent to which the controller performance is influenced by the model largely depends on many factors such as control effort and the control objective. It is suggested that model quality and control gains, which are strongly related to the control effort, define an uncertainty region in state space around the goal dynamics. For the unrealistic, but frequently assumed case in which model accuracy and admissible control effort are unlimited and there is no noise, the uncertainty region reduces to zero. But what happens when the model is realistically inaccurate, the maximum control effort is limited and the system state is observed with some noise? The objective of this paper is to discuss some issues related to model-based control techniques for nonlinear dynamical systems and to try to shed some light on questions like: How does model accuracy influence control performance? How can model inaccuracies be compensated for in the design? Which limits exist for such compensation? Extensive simulations are carried out and the results suggest that the requirements on nonlinear models might be different if the final objective is the reconstruction of nonlinear dynamics or controller design, and that even linear models can be used in some control design problems.