Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition intervention for high-risk auto workers: results of the Next Step Trial.

BACKGROUND The Next Step Trial tested interventions encouraging prevention and early detection practices in automotive-industry employees at increased colorectal cancer risk. This article describes results of the nutrition intervention promoting low-fat, high-fiber eating patterns. METHODS Twenty-eight worksites (5,042 employees at baseline) were randomized to a 2-year nutrition intervention including classes, mailed self-help materials, and personalized dietary feedback. Control worksites received no intervention. Nutrition outcomes were assessed by mailed food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) Primary nutrition outcomes included percentage energy from fat and fiber density (g/1,000 kcal) at 1 year postrandomization. Secondary outcomes included servings of fruits/vegetables and dietary measures at 2 years postrandomization. Analyses were adjusted for within worksite correlations and baseline covariates. Fifty-eight percent of employees returned FFQs. RESULTS At 1 year, there were modest but statistically significant intervention effects for fat (-0.9 %en), fiber (+0.5 g/1,000 kcal), and fruits/vegetables (+0.2 servings/day) (all P < 0.007). At 2 years, due to significant positive changes in control worksites, intervention effects were smaller, significant for fiber only. Intervention effects were larger in younger (<50 years), active employees and class attendees. CONCLUSION The nutrition intervention produced significant but modest effects on dietary fat and fiber and fruits/vegetables in these high-risk employees. Age and dose effects suggest younger employees may be more responsive to this intervention.
A Supervised Learning Approach for Imbalanced Text Classification of Biomedical Literature Triage

This thesis presents the development of a machine learning system, called mycoSORT , for supporting the first step of the biological literature manual curation process, called triage. The manual triage of documents is very demanding, as researchers usually face the time-consuming and error- prone task of screening a large amount of data to identify relevant information. After querying scientific databases for keywords related to a specific subject, researchers generally find a long list of retrieved results, that has to be carefully analysed to identify only a few documents that show a potential of being relevant to the topic. Such an analysis represents a severe bottleneck in the knowledge discovery and decision-making processes in scientific research. Hence, biocurators could greatly benefit from an automatic support when performing the triage task. In order to support the triage of scientific documents, we have used a corpus of document instances manually labeled by biocurators as “selected” or “rejected”, with regards to their potential to indicate relevant information about fungal enzymes. This document collection is characterized by being large, since many results are retrieved and analysed to finally identify potential candidate documents; and also highly imbalanced, concerning the distribution of instances per relevance: the great majority of documents are labeled as rejected, while only a very small portion are labeled as selected. Using this dataset, we studied the design of a classification model to identify the most discriminative features to automate the triage of scientific literature and to tackle the imbalance between the two classes of documents. To identify the most suitable model, we performed a study of 324 classification models, which demonstrated the results of using 9 different data undersampling factors, 4 sets of features, and the evaluation of 2 feature selection methods as well as 3 machine learning algorithms. Our results demonstrated that the use of an undersampling technique is effective to handle imbalanced datasets and also help manage large document collections. We also found that the combination of undersampling and feature selection using Odds Ratio can improve the performance of our classification model. Finally, our results demonstrated that the best fitting model to support the triage of scientific documents is composed by domain relevant features, filtered by Odds Ratio scores, the use of dataset undersampling and the Logistic Model Trees algorithm.
Estimation of oxidative DNA damage in man from urinary excretion of repair products.

DNA is constantly damaged and repaired in living cells. The repair products of the oxidative DNA lesions, i.e. oxidised nucleosides and bases, are poor substrates for the enzymes involved in nucleotide synthesis, are fairly water soluble, and generally excreted into the urine without further metabolism. Among the possible products, 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxoguanine, thymine glycol, thymidine glycol and, 5-hydroxymethyluracil have so far been identified in urine. It should be emphasised that the excretion of the repair products in urine represents the average rate of damage in the total body whereas the level of oxidised bases in nuclear DNA is a concentration measurement in that specific tissue/cells in the moment of sampling. The rate of oxidative DNA modifications has been studied in humans by means of the repair products as urinary biomarkers, particularly with respect to 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. The data obtained so far indicate that the important determinants of the oxidative damage rate include tobacco smoking, oxygen consumption and some inflammatory diseases whereas diet composition, energy restriction and antioxidant supplements have but a minimal influence, possibly with the exception of yet unidentified phytochemicals, e.g. from cruciferous vegetables. The data are consistent with the experimentally based notion that oxidative DNA damage is an important mutagenic and apparently carcinogenic factor. However, the proof of a causal relationship in humans is still warranted. In the future the use of biomarkers may provide this evidence and allow further investigations on the qualitative and quantitative importance of oxidative DNA modification and carcinogenesis in man, as well as elucidate possible preventive measures.
Subcultural Delusions and Hallucinations Comments on the Present State Examination in a Multi-Cultural Context

Summary The challenges presented by the Present State Examination (PSE) in a multi-cultural context are explored. The general approach to the use of this instrument, difficulties with rating items relevant to cultural or subcultural conditions, and particularly the assessment of psychosis are considered, as well as the possibility of additions to and modifications of the PSE-CATEGO system. Though disagreement exists as to whether the research model which the PSE represents is adequate to deal exhaustively with cultural factors, the instrument is useful in cross-cultural research and also in stimulating debate and crystallising issues.
P67 Shows Differential Effects in Proteolysis and Maturation of Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins, Cyclins and Cdks

The level of p67 gradually increases when mouse C2C12 myoblasts differentiate into myotubes. During this differentiation, cycling myoblasts permanently withdraw from cell cycle. Largely, the cyclin/Cdk complexes drive eukaryotic cell cycle. To investigate whether p67 has any role(s) while C2C12 myoblasts are withdrawing from the cell cycle, we examined the levels of cyclins and Cdks in these myoblasts constitutively expressing rat p67 and its mutants D251A, H231E, D6/2, and K1K2. We found that p67 is involved in lowering the overall concentration of cyclin D1/Cdk4 and cyclin D1/Cdk6 complexes and thus inhibits the cell cycle at the G1-phase. It is also involved in possible proteolytic processing of pro-forms of cyclins E, A, and B1 but not cyclin D1 to maturation. P67 may be involved in lowering the level of Cdk2 possibly by proteolytic degradation and increasing the level of Cdk1 by an unknown mechanism. P67 is involved in the increased level of cyclin A possibly to show positive outcome during DNA synthesis. It also showed strong effects on degradation of cyclin B1 possibly due to their direct or indirect binding indicating p67’s involvement in the inhibition of G2-phase and G2/M-phase transition. We also observed that when p67’s auto-proteolysis activity was increased due to the change of H231 residue to E231, this mutant showed dominating effect over endogenous p67. Altogether, our data indicate that increased level of p67 during myoblasts’ differentiation into myotube is possibly to inhibit cell cycle at the G1-phase, G1/S-phase transition, G2-phase, and G2/M-phase transition.
Medical Management of Obesity in Women: Office-Based Approaches to Weight Management

The Problem Obesity is a women’s health issue because obesity disproportionately affects women. The 1999 to 2000 NHANES survey pegs obesity rates (body mass index [BMI] $30 Kg/m) at 30.5% of the U.S. population. For U.S. women, the prevalence is even higher. Of women, 33.4% are obese compared with 27.5% of men in that survey. For minority women, the situation is even worse. Obesity rates are 39.7% for Mexican American women and 49.7% for African American women compared to 30.1% for NonHispanic white women. The reasons for this gender discrepancy are both biologic and psychologic. Female sex hormones, particularly progesterone, adversely influence food intake and energy expenditure, and the menstrual cycle and exogenous hormones for contraception or symptoms of menopause may adversely affect weight. Life cycle events such as pregnancy and menopause may result in excessive weight gain or retention, at least for a subset of women. Psychologic factors may also play a role. The American culture’s excessive drive for female slimness may promote excessive restrictive eating patterns, which can then trigger binges of overeating. The concern, of course, is the morbidities that accompany obesity, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. In particular, attention has recently focused on the risk that being overweight imposes for type 2 diabetes. This disease currently affects over 6% of Americans, and the rates are rising. By the time type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, cardiovascular disease is already entrenched, a concept bolstered by evidence that persons with type 2 diabetes have the same risk for subsequent cardiovascular events and those persons without diabetes Correspondence: Donna H. Ryan, MD, Pennington BiomedicalResearchCenter, 6400PerkinsRoad,BatonRouge, LA 70808. E-mail: ryandh@pbrc.edu
Cell‐free expression of disulfide‐containing eukaryotic proteins for structural biology

We describe Escherichia coli based cell‐free production of milligram quantities of eukaryotic proteins containing native disulfide bonds. Using a previously described expression system, we systematically investigated the influence of redox potential variation in the reaction mixture and the impact of adding disulfide bond catalysts on soluble protein production. It is then shown that the optimized reaction conditions for native disulfide bond formation can be combined with the use of N‐terminal fusion constructs with the GB1 domain for increased expression yields. The resulting cell‐free system is suitable for stable‐isotope labeling and does not require chemical pretreatment of the cell extract to stabilize the redox potential. For the human doppel protein, the mouse doppel protein and mouse interleukin‐22 we obtained 0.3–0.7 mg of purified native protein per milliliter of reaction mixture. Formation of disulfide bonds was validated using the Ellman assay, and native folding of the three proteins was monitored by NMR and CD spectroscopy.
Research ethics in The Union: an 8-year review of the Ethics Advisory Group.

SETTING The Ethics Advisory Group (EAG) of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) was established in 2004 to provide ethical guidance and promote ethical standards within The Union, including reviews of proposed research projects associated with The Union. OBJECTIVES To describe research proposal reviews conducted by the EAG in the period 2005-2012 in terms of 1) annual numbers, 2) the Union departments in which the proposals originated, 3) study designs, 4) regions and countries where studies were to be conducted, 5) study topics, 6) problems encountered by the EAG, and 7) review outcomes. DESIGN Descriptive study of application records of the EAG. RESULTS A total of 292 applications were reviewed; 79% were proposals for operational research; 85% were from Africa and Asia, with 64% from India, South Africa, Malawi, Kenya and Zimbabwe. Tuberculosis was the topic in 68%; only three studies in the 8 years were on other lung diseases. Several problems encountered are highlighted. All applications were approved except six, either immediately or after modification. CONCLUSION The proposal review process of the EAG serves to maintain ethical standards of research within The Union. Ideas for expanding the scope of the EAG are discussed.
Research the query optimization of distributed heterogeneous database based on hibernate

As distributed heterogeneous database multiple different physical locations, so will inevitably lead to a heterogeneous web server access to the database server response time difference, so in a distributed heterogeneous database access must be considered the database response time. This design technique based on hibernate database middleware, the middleware on the basis of the shortest waiting time in the traversal of distributed heterogeneous data sources, to shorten the waiting time user queries and reduce the burden on the server.
Enhanced model of Payment Phase for SET Protocol

E-commerce is buying and selling through the Internet where the payment process is electronic. Electronic payment (e-payment) is the critical support phase of e-commerce contains sensitive data in transactions and consequently, it must be secure. Therefore, a security protocol (cryptographic protocol) is used in the transaction between parties, and it must be satisfy security properties. In this paper, we study e-payment phase in SET protocol. We found it still has problems of huge and complex transactions processes and not fully satisfy security properties. We introduced an enhanced model that represent the all participants in e-payment phase and functions for each, our model presented sequence diagram for transactions, which reduce the numbers of transactions steps from thirty five to fifteen steps. The functions of removed steps are handled by a “controller agent" working in parallel with these transactions. Such control agent is able to make decisions in an automated way according to the interactions and capable of terminating the process in case of fraud or attack. 1.
Replication priming and transcription initiate from precisely the same site in mouse mitochondrial DNA.

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA maintains a novel displacement‐loop region containing the major sites of transcriptional initiation and the origin of heavy strand DNA replication. Because the exact map positions of the 5′ termini of nascent mouse displacement‐loop strands are known, it is possible to examine directly a potential relationship between replication priming and transcription. Analyses of in vivo nucleic acids complementary to the displacement‐loop region reveal two species with identical 5′ ends at map position 16 183. One is entirely RNA and the other is RNA covalently linked to DNA. In the latter the transition from RNA to DNA is sharp, occurring near or within a series of previously identified conserved sequences 74‐163 nucleotides downstream from the transcriptional initiation site. These data suggest that the initial events in replication priming and transcription are the same and that the decision to synthesize DNA or RNA is a downstream event under the control of short, conserved displacement‐loop template sequences.
New concepts in radiation‐induced apoptosis: ‘premitotic apoptosis’ and ‘postmitotic apoptosis’

Formerly, the mechanisms responsible for the killing of cells by ionizing radiation were regarded as being divided into two distinct forms, interphase death and reproductive death. Since they were defined based on the classical radiobiological concepts using a clonogenic cell survival assay, biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms involved in the induction of radiation‐induced cell death were not fully understood in relation to the modes of cell death. Recent multidisciplinary approaches to cell death mechanism have revealed that radiation‐induced cell death is divided into several distinct pathways by the time course and cell‐cycle position, and that apoptotic cell death plays a key role in almost every mode of cell death. This review discusses the mechanisms of radiation‐induced apoptosis in relation to cellcycle progression and highlights a new concept of the mode of cell death: ‘premitotic apoptosis’ and ‘postmitotic apoptosis’. The former is a rapid apoptotic cell death associated with a prompt activation of caspase‐3, a key enzyme of intracellular signaling of apoptosis. Arapid execution of cell killing in premitotic apoptosis is presumably due to the prompt activation of a set of pre‐existed molecules following DNA damages. In contrast, the latter is a delayed apoptotic cell death after cell division, and unlike premitotic apoptosis, it neither requires a rapid activation of caspase‐3 nor is inhibited by a specific inhibitor, Ac‐DEVD‐CHO. A downregulation of anti‐apoptotic genes such as MAPK and Bcl‐2 may play a key role in this mode of cell death. Characterization of these two types of apoptotic cell death regarding the cell cycle regulation and intrcellular signaling will greatly help to understand the mechanisms of radiation‐induced apoptosis.
Collective oscillations in a single-wall carbon nanotube excited by fast electrons

Electron energy loss spectroscopy is a well adapted tool for the investigation of the valence excitations of individual nanometer-size particles. The interpretation of the loss spectra of such small particles, however, relies in most cases on a quantitative comparison with simulated excitation probabilities. Here we present a formalism developed for the interpretation of the energy loss data of single-wall carbon nanotubes based on the hydrodynamic theory of plasmon excitations by high-energy electrons. The nanotubes are modeled as a twodimensional electron gas confined on the circumference of a cylinder. The plasmon excitation probabilities, directly comparable to measurements, are discussed for various parameters.
Assessment of Physical Education Time and After-School Outdoor Time in Elementary and Middle School Students in South Mexico City: The Dilemma between Physical Fitness and the Adverse Health Effects of Outdoor Pollutant Exposure

Abstract Strategies to promote lifelong physical activity among children are needed to stem the adverse health consequences of inactivity. However, the health effects in growing children of long-term exposure to a polluted atmosphere are of deep concern. The atmosphere of south Mexico City (SMC) is characterized by a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, and aldehydes. Radiological evidence suggests that small-airway disease could be present in clinically healthy, tobacco unexposed SMC children. The aim of this study was to assess, by means of a self-reported questionnaire, the physical education class times, daily outdoor after-school exposure time, and tobacco exposure in students attending public elementary and middle schools in SMC. Additionally, the time each student spent viewing television was assessed, and the authors measured each student's weight and height to determine body mass index (BMI, weight in kg # height in m2). The survey included 1,159 students in grades 7-9. The authors identified 2 critical periods of outdoor exposure in SMC children that coincided with significant concentrations of both ozone and particulate matter with diameters less than 10 micrometers (PM10): during school time after 11:00 A.M. and in the after-school outdoor activity period, usually extending from 1:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M. Thirty-two percent of elementary and 61% of middle school students have physical education classes after 11:00 A.M. Students in SMC spend an average of 19.6 hr/wk outdoors in the after-school period, during which time they are engaged in light to moderate physical activities. Half of the students are exposed to tobacco smoke at home, and 7% of middle school students smoke. On the basis of BMI, 60% of students were classified as undernourished, overweight, or obese. No correlations were found between BMI and time spent viewing TV, time outdoors (on weekdays and weekends), or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Children and adolescents in SMC are participating in physical activities that enhance multiple components of health-related fitness. However, their activities occur outdoors, where they are exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants throughout the year. The authors believe that SMC children and adolescents must be educated, through both the school and health systems, regarding ways to obtain the necessary exercise while protecting themselves from the high concentrations of pollutants. Individuals should instruct and encourage young people to be involved in lifetime fitness activities and to eat balanced diets, if the goal is to control health-care costs, reduce disease incidence, and improve the overall quality of life of the Mexico City population.
Hand hygiene for the prevention of nosocomial infections.

BACKGROUND The WHO regards hand hygiene as an essential tool for the prevention of nosocomial infection, but compliance in clinical practice is often low. METHODS The relevant scientific literature and national and international evidence-based recommendations (Robert Koch Institute [Germany], WHO) were evaluated. RESULTS Hygienic hand disinfection has better antimicrobial efficacy than hand-washing and is the procedure of choice to be performed before and after manual contact with patients. The hands should be washed, rather than disinfected, only when they are visibly soiled. Skin irritation is quite common among healthcare workers and is mainly caused by water, soap, and prolonged wearing of gloves. Compliance can be improved by training, by placing hand-rub dispensers at the sites where they are needed, and by physicians setting a good example for others. CONCLUSIONS Improved compliance in hand hygiene, with proper use of alcohol-based hand rubs, can reduce the nosocomial infection rate by as much as 40%.
De novo post-pollen mitosis II tobacco pollen tube transcriptome

In our previous study we applied the Agilent 44K tobacco gene chip to introduce and analyze the tobacco male gametophyte transcriptome in mature pollen and 4h pollen tubes. Here we extended our analysis post-pollen mitosis II (PMII) by including a new data set obtained from more advanced stage of the ongoing progamic phase – pollen tubes cultivated in vitro for 24 h. Pollen mitosis II marks key events in the control of male gametophyte development, the production of two sperm cells. In bicellular species covering cca 70% of angiosperms including Nicotiana tabacum, PMII takes place after pollen germination in growing pollen tube. We showed the stable and even slightly increasing complexity of tobacco male gametophyte transcriptome over long period of progamic phase–24 h of pollen tube growth. We also demonstrated the ongoing transcription activity and specific transcript accumulation in post-PMII pollen tubes cultivated in vitro. In all, we have identified 320 genes (2.2%) that were newly transcribed at least after 4h of pollen tube cultivation in vitro. Further, 699 genes (4.8%) showed over 5-fold increased accumulation after the 24h of cultivation.