Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Camera Ready : A Decision Framework for selection of Supply Chain Performance Measures Along the Product Life Cycle

A decision framework is proposed for selection of supply chain performance measures along the product life cycle, which considers the dynamic nature of the supply chain, changing needs of the customers, product characteristics and the external and internal environments. The process of choosing appropriate supply chain performance measures is difficult due to the complexity of the system, and the existing performance measurement theory fails to provide the necessary support to develop performance measures for any supply chain considering various system wide aspects. The proposed decision framework is able to solve the above problem and is applicable to all types of supply chains. In this paper, an effort has been made to obtain effective supply chain performance measures considering all influencing parameters of the supply chain.
Competitive Growth and Etching of Epitaxial Graphene

In this paper, we studied the competition of growth and etching during graphene epitaxial growth in the remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (r-PECVD) system. Epitaxial growth of graphene on HOPG substrates with a simultaneous etching process was systematically explored at various temperatures. It was found that etching of graphene by hydrogen radicals generated in the r-PECVD system was a critical factor during graphene’s growth for controlling the nucleation densities, lateral growth rates, and layer thickness. At temperatures lower than 490 °C, the etching effect is dominant, and there is no graphene nucleation. And at temperatures higher than 490 °C, the etching effect decreases gradually with rising temperature and the growth effect stands out. The optimized epitaxial growth was at 520 °C, and at that temperature a monolayer graphene single crystal was achieved with near perfect lattice structure on HOPG substrates.
Impact des opérations thermiques agroalimentaires à hautes températures sur la dégradation des anthocyanes : caractérisation et modélisation des cinétiques réactionnelles

Compte tenu de l'importance des pigments naturels dans les aliments et leur sensibilite aux traitements thermiques, les cinetiques de degradation des anthocyanes ont ete etudiees a tres hautes temperatures (100 a 180 oC). Pour obtenir une base de donnees experimentale fiable dissociant les transferts d'energie et de matiere, un mini-reacteur etanche a ete utilise pour le traitement d'une matrice modele (jus de mure et sable) en faisant varier la temperature et l'activite de l'eau (0,20<aw<0,99). L'hypothese d'une reaction d'ordre 1 pour la degradation des anthocyanes a permis de modeliser et de determiner les parametres cinetiques suivant une methode non-isotherme prenant en compte a la fois le profil de temperature et independamment l'homogeneite ou l'heterogeneite du champs de temperature au sein de la matrice. Il a ete demontre que les constantes de reaction sont tres influencees par la diminution de l'activite de l'eau, facteur qui fait augmenter la reactivite. Ces resultats originaux ont ete valides sur une matrice alimentaire (papaye verte-jus de mure) soumise au couplage d'un procede de formulation par deshydratation par immersion-impregnation, suivi d'une operation de friture, a l'aide d'un modele qui integre les transferts de vapeur et d'energie et la cinetique reactionnelle. Le modele permet une meilleure comprehension des phenomenes et il peut etre integre dans une demarche d'optimisation sequentielle associant differentes operations unitaires avec des traitements thermiques a tres hautes temperatures.
Ultrasonic, density, and potentiometric characterization of the interaction of gentisic and gallic acids with an apolar cavity in aqueous solution

Speed of sound, density and potentiometric measurements are used to analyze the thermodynamics of the aqueous solutions of gentisic and gallic acids, in their free form and as inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The pH-potentiometric study, performed at several temperatures, yields the values of the dissociation constant of the acids, and the association constants of the β-CD–HA and β-CD–A- complexes, HA and A- being the non-ionic and ionic forms of the guest molecule, respectively. The changes on the enthalpy, ΔH°, entropy, ΔS° and heat capacity at constant pressure, ΔCp°, of the encapsulation processes, determined through van't Hoff analysis, give information about the driving forces governing the inclusion. A linear relationship holds between the decrease in enthalpy and the compensating decrease in entropy, this effect being mainly attributed to the solvent water and related solvation phenomena. The role of the solvent, and the contribution of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions to the overall stability of the complexes, have also been analyzed through the speed of sound and density experiments, and the derived apparent molar properties. A comparison with previous results on different CD–hydroxyacid systems allows for the analysis of the effect of the number and/or position of the hydroxy groups of the benzoic acid ring on the phenomena studied herein.
Structure, Dynamic Properties, and Surface Behavior of Nanostructured Ionomeric Polyurethanes from Reactive Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes

A series of linear ionomeric polyurethanes were synthesized and obtained as stable aqueous dispersions using various amounts (ca. 6−20%) of a diol functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) comonomer. Polymers were characterized by GPC, XRD, DSC, dynamic rheology, and contact angle measurements. POSS macromonomers can be easily copolymerized, giving stable aqueous dispersions if the POSS content is ≤10%. The X-ray diffraction analysis of cast films showed the presence of residual crystallinity even at the lowest nanofiller dosage. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed a reinforcement effect mainly when longer soft segments (poly(tetramethylene glycol) 2000) were used. Contact angle measurements indicated a significant surface hydrophobicity enhancement as well as reduction in surface energy components calculated according to the harmonic mean approximation.
Protein Exposed Hydrophobicity Reduces the Kinetic Barrier for Adsorption of Ovalbumin to the Air−Water Interface

Using native and caprylated ovalbumin, the role of exposed hydrophobicity on the kinetics of protein adsorption to the air - water interface is studied. First, changes in the chemical properties of the protein upon caprylation were characterized followed by measurement of the changes in adsorption kinetics. No change in the molecular structure of ovalbumin was observed upon caprylation. However, aggregation of the protein was observed when more than three capryl chains were coupled per protein. A batch of caprylated ovalbumin with an average coupling of four capryl chains per protein was separated into a monomeric and an aggregated protein fraction. The exposed hydrophobicity of the monomeric and the aggregated species was measured using 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid fluorescence. The exposed hydrophobicity of the monomeric fraction was significantly higher than that of the nonmodified protein. The changes in adsorption kinetics were studied by measuring the increase in surface load (Γ) and in surface pressure (Π) as a function of time (t) using an ellipsometer and a Wilhelmy plate, respectively. It was found that the increase of surface load in time (even at low surface coverage) is much lower than the value that was calculated from diffusional transport. This shows that the adsorption of native ovalbumin is barrier limited. The adsorption kinetics of the caprylated protein follow the calculations from diffusional transport more closely, which shows that the energy barrier for adsorption of caprylated ovalbumin is much lower than for the native protein. The surface pressure at a certain surface load (Π-Γ) was not affected by the modification, indicating that the effect of increased hydrophobicity is limited to the adsorption process.
A Review on Analytical Methods for Determination of Levosulpiride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Sample

Levosulpiride is an atypical antipsychotic agent. Levosulpiride is the levo enantiomer of sulpiride. It is a substitute benzamide which is meant to be used for several indications: depression, psychosis, somatoform disorders, emesis and dyspepsia. It blocks the presynaptic dopaminergic D2 receptor. Chemically it is N-[[(2S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl] methyl]-2-methoxy-5 sulfamoylbenzamide. several method such as HPLC in human plasma, area under curve, stability by RP-HPLC is done. The parent drug is given in a dose of 400-1800 mg orally. According to literature survey study of impurity profiling of LIVOSULPIRIDE in presence of intermediate has not been reported.
Thermosetting Proteinaceous Plastics from Hydrolyzed Specified Risk Material

In response to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak in the last decade, the US, Canada and several other countries implemented an enhanced feed ban that eliminates specified risk material (SRM) from all animal feed, pet foods and fertilizer applications. The environmental risks and severe loss of profitability by the rendering industry associated with landfilling of several million tons of SRM demand immediate and economically viable solutions of converting such materials into value added applications. In this research, SRM was hydrolyzed, the protein hydrolyzates were extracted and further modified through chemical crosslinking to develop a novel protein-based plastics. The plastics developed in this research exhibited promising thermal and solvent resistance, and tensile strength.
A New Approach for Ferrocenyl-Cyclopentenone and Ferrocenyl-Cyclopentenedione Compound Synthesis

A simple and convenient route for the synthesis of the ferrocenyl-cyclopentenone compounds (3 and 7) and ferrocenyl-cyclopentenedione compounds (4 and 8) has been developed. Compounds 3 and 7 were obtained by a selective oxidating reaction of the ferrocenyl-cyclopenta[d]pyridazine species of 2 and 6 in CH2Cl2 in air, respectively. Compounds 4 and 8 were generated by a hydrolysis reaction of 3 and 7 in a H2O/EtOH mixed solvent system in the presence of SnCl2, respectively. The substituted ferrocenyl group plays a central role in the formation of the ferrocenyl-cyclopentenone (3 and 7) and ferrocenyl-cyclopentenedione (4 and 8) derivatives, which is demonstrated well by the current experimental data as well as the theoretical calculations. All the new ferrocene-containing complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, as well as for 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the luminescent properties of 1−4 were investigated preliminarily.
On the Reactivity of Various Silicate Minerals toward Acids

In this paper, the author proposed a classified table of metals contained in silicate minerals, and the qualitative and conventional rules in which it appeared possible to predict the reactivity of all the known silicate minerals toward ordinary mineral acids. In the classification and rules, ionic potential, Goldschmidt’s polarizing power, and field strength of the metals in the silicate minerals play important roles. The rules are summarized as follows: 1) the silicate minerals—especially, the neso- and sorosilicate ones composed of the comparative simple ionic crystal lattices—containing the less electropositive metals (e.g., Ti, Be, Al, Cr, V(III), Fe(III), Mn(III), Zr, etc.) are generally unattacked by acids; 2) in the ino-, phyllo-, and tecto-silicate minerals, which contain various polymerized and giant silicate ions, their structures exert a favorable influence upon their reactivity toward acids. Thus, in these minerals, it is necessary for us to take their structural effects into consideration, b.
Strukturaufklärung komplexer Polymere mittels MALDI-CID-MS

Die durch eine Kollisionszelle erweiterte matrixunterstutzte Laserdesorption-Ionisation Massenspektrometrie (MALDI-CID-MS) ist eine Methode, die erfolgreich zur Beschreibung der inneren Struktur von Oligomeren eingesetzt werden kann. Die Methode basiert darauf, dass intakte Polymermolekule, die durch die matrixunterstutzte Laserdesorption in die Gasphase gebracht wurden, mit Inertgas kollidieren. Durch die Stose zerfallt das Polymermolekul in Bruchstucke, deren Massen im Massenspektrometer bestimmt werden und ein sogenanntes Fragmentspektrum aufgenommen wird. Die Anwendbarkeit der MALDI-CID-Technik hangt stark vom Fragmentierungsverhalten der zu untersuchenden Substanz ab. Das Fragmentierungsverhalten ist eine charakteristische Eigenschaft, die von der chemischen Zusammensetzung abhangig und nicht immer vorauszusagen ist. Die Anwendbarkeit von CID-Experimenten mittels Axima TOF2 beschrankt sich zur Zeit auf Substanzen im Massenbereich unter 2000 Da, wobei die besten Ergebnisse an polaren Modellsubstanzen wie PEG-Derivaten erzielt wurden. Die Fragmentmuster der PEG-Derivate ermoglichen Aussagen uber den Funktionalisierungsgrad: Es kann zwischen den nicht funktionalisierten, mono- und bifunktionalisierten Molekulen unterschieden werden. Neben der Bestimmung der Massen der Endgruppen konnen wertvolle Hinweise auf die sterische Struktur der Endgruppen gewonnen werden. Auserdem ist die Sequenzbeschreibung der Monomere in Copolymeren zuganglich.
Ion Association and Ion Solvation Effects at the Crystalline−Amorphous Phase Transition in PEO−LiTFSI

From band shape analyses of the strong 740 cm-1 Raman mode of the TFSI anion, we deduce that the crystalline state of the P(EO)nLiTFSI system contains a very small amount of ion pairs (≈7%), most probably belonging to the minor amorphous phase, for the n ≥ 6 range. For all-amorphous samples, we found a small amount of ion pairs for n ≥ 8, but a significant amount (≈24%) for n = 6. This increase in ion pair formation coincides with a decrease in the relative solvation of lithium cations by polymeric ether oxygens, as detected from a careful study of the 863 cm-1 polymer-cation “breathing mode”. We therefore propose that the local ionic structure is preserved during the melting of n ≥ 8 compositions, but that there is a changeover from a predominately ether oxygen lithium coordination to a combined ether oxygen and anionic coordination of the lithium cations for more concentrated samples upon melting.
Simulation of diamond-film field emission microtetrodes

Using the particle-in-cell simulation code MAGIC, a vacuum microelectronics tetrode with a planar emitter has been simulated. The electron beam streamlines have been evaluated, which show that the upper gate focuses the electron beam. The current distribution between gate and anode has been calculated and the effect of the lower gate voltage and the emitter size on emitted current and gate capture current has been investigated. Simulation results are presented for a single vertical diamond-film field-emission tetrode with the anode biased at 300 V and spaced 50 μm from the cathode. Simulation results indicated that the radius of the electron beam at the anode is about 20 μm for a microtriode, but only about 6 μm for the microtetrode. The results show that gate capture current should not be negligible in most cases, and can be ignored only if the emitter radius is less than half of the gate aperture radius. Then the percentage of gate capture current to emitted current is less than 0.1%.
The mechanism of the flatband voltage shift by capping a thin layer of Me2O3 (Me=Gd, Y and Dy) on SiO2 and HfO2-based dielectrics

Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Jack Lee for his support and encouragement. His guidance made this degree work more complete and consistent. I also want to thank Dr. and Dr. Llewellyn Rosenberg for being my committee members and their support in my Ph.D. study. I want to give my sincere thanks to my groupmates and my friends at Zhiquan Luo, Bin Li for your friendship and providing me such a friendly and collaborative working environment, making my graduate life enjoyable. I also want to thank MER staffs: sincerely help and assistance during my graduate study. Finally, I want to deeply appreciate for my mother, Miao Li, my sister Xiuhong Zhang and my brother Quanhong Zhang for your unconditional love, and endless support. I won't finish my study without your love and support. Continuing to scale down the transistor size makes the introduction of high-k dielectric necessary. However, there are still a lot of problems with high-k transistors such as worse reliability and Fermi-level pinning. In HfO 2 , low crystallization temperature, fixed charge in the bulk and low quality of the Si/HfO 2 interface cause reliability problems. Fermi-level pinning results in high threshold voltage. For the first work in this dissertation, forming Hf 1-x Ta x O through doping HfO 2 with Ta is used to improve the crystallization temperature and electron mobility. Then, the fluorine passivation of high-k dielectrics is studied. With fluorine passivation, the electron mobility was improved in NMOSFETs with vii gate stacks of poly-Si/TaN/HfO 2 /p-Si with thin TaN layers. Inserting a 1.5nm layer of HfSiON between TaN and HfO 2 completely blocked the fluorine atoms so that they could not reach the Si interface. Thus, no mobility was improved even with fluorine implantation. In order to decrease threshold voltage, we must study mechanisms of Fermi level pinning (FLP) in high-k gate stacks. We summarize three FLP mechanisms: (1) the dipole formation at the interface between metal gate and high-k dielectric due to hybridization; 2) the dipole formation through oxygen vacancy mechanism; (3) the dipole formation at the interface between high-k dielectric and interfacial SiO 2. The rest of dissertation focuses on the mechanism of V fb shift by capping a thin layer of Me 2 O 3 (Me=Gd, Y and Dy) on SiO 2 and HfO 2-based high-k dielectrics with TaN, W and Pt metal gate. It is …
Impedanzspektroskopie als Methode zur in situ-Reaktionsbeobachtung der DeNOx-SCR-Reaktion an Zeolithen und verwandten Materialien

Mittels temperaturund zeitabhängiger in situ IS wird zunächst an reinen und eisenausgetauschten Zeolithen die Unterscheidung von thermischer Ammoniak-Desorption und katalytischer Umsetzung demonstriert. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die Desorption unabhängig von einer Eisenbeladung ist, während für die katalytische Reaktion signifikante Unterschiede feststellbar sind. Zur Detailuntersuchung wird ein neuentwickelter Messstand zur simultanen Aufnahme von IS und Infrarotspektroskopie in diffuser Reflektion beschrieben. Hierdurch wird erstmals eine Korrelation von Impedanzantwort und Prozessen auf molekularer Ebene möglich.
Estimating Total Economic Value of Coral Reefs of Kish Island (Persian Gulf)

This paper is concerned with the economic valuation of the coral reef within Kish Island in Persian Gulf of Iran. For calculating this value, all components of use and non-use values are estimated and then according to each of them, suitable method has applied. Many different evaluation tools such as contingent valuation method, zonal travel cost method, replacement cost, avoided cost method, value at risk method are used. The semi non parametric distribution free estimator for calculating the contingent valuation method is applied. The probability of willingness to pay the same as the probability of accepting bids is estimated by using data based on questioners approach using stated preference method. The result indicates that the total economic value of this unique ecosystem in Kish Island is at least 14.6 million dollar per year, showing the importance of conservation value of the ecosystem. Its largest component of total economic value is about 62 percent attributed to the recreational value. This is followed by conservation value which is about 23 percent of the economic value. Since coastal protection and waste assimilation functions of coral reef are 10 percent, it is also suitable factor in illustrating total economic value. The economic value for each hectare of this ecosystem in Kish Island is US$ 237,000 in 2009.
Electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets above the Curie temperature

The authors describe the electronic structure of Fe and Ni above their Curie temperatures in their disordered local moment (DLM) states as a function of wavevector k and energy epsilon . In particular, they calculate the Bloch spectral function, A(k, epsilon ), averaged over the orientational configurations of the local moments, at selected points in the Brillouin zone and determine the shape and smearing of the 'Fermi surface'. They find that BCC Fe, with a local moment of 1.9 mu B, can show an exchange splitting at some points whilst in other regions of the Brillouin zone no such splitting occurs. For comparison they also study FCC Fe, which also supports a substantial local moment. They find that it has similar features but the smearing of the 'bands' is more pronounced. On the other hand, the electronic structure of Ni is quite different, shows no such local exchange splitting, but is able to support a small local moment of 0.2 mu B. The resulting picture of the electronic structure of Ni is that of a paramagnetic smeared 'Stoner-Wohlfarth' model.
Development Work on a Microstructured 50 kW Ethanol Fuel Processor for a Small-Scale Stationary Hydrogen Supply System

Development work for a compact hydrogen supply system with a thermal output of 65 kW applying ethanol as fuel was started by IMM in collaboration with Rosetti Marino, an Italian plant engineering company. The system concept is comprised of an ethanol steam reformer operated at 10 bar, water-gas shift for the reduction of carbon monoxide in the reformate, a pressure swing adsorption for separating the hydrogen out of the reformate, and numerous heat exchangers and coupled evaporators/ catalytic burners as balance-of-plant. The work included all aspects of the fuel processor, namely, development of a Rh/Co catalyst for ethanol steam reforming, the verification of its long-term durability in a 1000 h test, static and dynamic simulation work applying ASPEN plus and ASPEN Dynamics, setup of a control strategy, and finally the sizing and design of the reactors and the development of a full 3D-CAD model of the fuel processor.
Unified formula describing the impedance dependence of a quartz oscillator on gas pressure

The impedance dependence of a tuning‐fork‐shaped quartz oscillator on gas pressure is theoretically analyzed on the basis of a string‐of‐beads model of the quartz oscillator. The theoretical results are numerically compared with experimental data. The analysis has been already carried out in molecular flow and viscous flow region. In this paper, the impedance behavior in the intermediate flow region is formulated by making use of the theory of slip effect. Furthermore, by the formal extension of this formula to the molecular flow region, a single formula describing the impedance dependence on gas pressure over the whole pressure region is obtained. This formula is found to be in good agreement with experimental data. However, there is still a slight discrepancy (<20%) between the two in the intermediate flow region. This shows the limit of the slip theory. For this reason, the Millikan’s empirical formula is adopted in the intermediate flow region. The unified formula obtained thusly is in numerical agree.