Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COPD_A_204649 1721..1737

Chad Moretz Lucie Sharpsten Lindsay GS Bengtson Eleena Koep Lisa Le Junliang Tong Richard H Stanford Beth Hahn Riju Ray 1US Value Evidence and Outcomes, GSK, Durham, NC, USA; 2Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Optum, Eden Prairie, MN, USA; 3US Medical Affairs, GSK, Durham, NC, USA Background and objective: Retrospective claims data in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) initiating maintenance therapy with inhaled fixed-dose combinations of long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist (LAMA/LABA) versus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/LABA have not been reported. Methods: Retrospective observational study in a COPD-diagnosed population of commercial andMedicare Advantage with Part D (MAPD) enrollees aged ≥40 years from a US health insurer database. Patients initiated umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI [62.5/25 μg]) or fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FP/SAL [250/50 μg]) between April 1, 2014 and August 31, 2016 (index date) and had 12 months continuous enrollment preand post-index. Exclusion criteria included an asthma diagnosis in the pre-index period/index date; ICS-, LABA-, or LAMAcontaining therapy during the pre-index period; or pharmacy fills for both UMEC/VI and FP/ SAL, multiple-inhaler triple therapy, a non-index therapy, or COPD exacerbation on the index date. Adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC] ≥80%) was modeled using weighted logistic regression following inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Weighted Kaplan– Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression following IPTWwere performed for incidence of COPD exacerbation and escalation to multiple-inhaler triple therapy. Results: The study population included 5306 patients (1386 initiating UMEC/VI and 3920 initiating FP/SAL). Adjusted odds of adherence were 2.00 times greater among UMEC/VI than FP/SAL initiators (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62─2.46; P<0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for first exacerbation was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74–1.01; P=0.067) among UMEC/VI versus FP/SAL initiators. UMEC/VI initiators had 35% lower adjusted risk of escalation to multiple-inhaler triple therapy (HR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47–0.89; P=0.008) versus FP/SAL. On-treatment, UMEC/VI initiators had an adjusted 30% reduced risk of a first moderate/severe COPD exacerbation (HR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.54–0.90; P=0.006). Conclusion: Patients with COPD initiating UMEC/VI had higher adherence and longer time before escalation to multiple-inhaler triple therapy than FP/SAL initiators.
Review : Spectral Representations for Convolutional Neural Networks

By utilizing powerful properties of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fourier domain, Rippel et al. present spectral pooling and spectral parameterization of convolutional layers as a means to improve convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by improving training convergence, allowing flexible pooling dimensions, and retaining or improving competitive classification accuracies (Rippel et al. (2015)).
Pre-proofs Iron isotope fractionation during mid-ocean ridge basalt ( MORB ) evolution : Evidence from lavas on the East Pacific Rise at 10 ° 30 ’ N and its implications

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
PERFORMANCE OF DIVERSE WHEAT GENETIC STOCKS UNDER MOISTURE STRESS CONDITION

This study was conducted to evaluate divergent wheat germplasm for their performance under drought and control conditions. The germplasm consists of wheat land races of Pakistan, advanced D-genome synthetic derivatives and high yielding varieties of Pakistan. This wide array of germplasm was selected to identify sources, which can be opted later by the wheat breeders while breeding for drought tolerance. The evaluation parameters involved some important physiochemical testing and morphological characteristics in the field under drought and control conditions. Based on these parameters, 13 wheat genotypes were selected on the basis of their best performance regarding morphological and physiological parameters. These genotypes exhibited higher yield under drought stress conditions and increased percentage of proline, sugar, SOD and protein content under laboratory conditions as compared to the susceptible genotypes. Correlation studies revealed that grains per spike (GPS) and thousand grain weight (TGW) had direct relationship with spike length (SL), proline and sugar content under both control and drought conditions. Thus, these parameters can be used as selection criteria for the identification of tolerant genotypes.
An Improved Method to Enhanced Probability Prediction in Delay Tolerant Network

In a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN), nodes is irregularly associated. Keeping in mind the end goal to convey message starting with one node then onto the next, message is replicated and sent to another node when the association amid the nodes is set up. The node that obtains the message accumulates it and advances its duplicate to another node it experiences. The procedure is rehashed until the point when the goal node is experienced or message life time terminates. In the proposed work, the calculation of Delivery Probabilities (DP) is performed. Then energy and node’s available buffer are taken into consideration. Here the remaining energy is used to find the encounter rate. If the energy is less and DP is higher than there is a chance of node die before reaching the destination node. So energy is also very essential component to improve the overall performance. There are many parameters used to evaluate the Delivery Probability (DP) and storage of each node is also used because in DTN all the nodes should be capable of storing the message if the path is not available. When the node encounter the another node, then it checks the remaining energy and free buffer. This method is used to ignore the issue of storing extra information about each node. To achieve this process, the time of information exchange lastly is stored in the memory of each node and dropping the quantity that the DP is improved for nodes that newly encountered. In this paper, improved method is proposed for increasing the probability prediction and transitivity of the nodes. In the simulation section, ONE tool is used for the execution of the proposed technique and show the efficiency of the work as compared to the existing techniques.
Optimizing BLEU Scores for Improving Text Generation

In typical text generation settings, there exists a discrepancy between the training objective and evaluation criteria. Generally, researchers train text generation models by maximizing for loglikelihood on cross-entropy while evaluating on a separate metric, such as BLEU score, that cannot be optimized by evaluating gradients. While some work has been done to use policy gradients to directly optimize for non-differentiable rewards, these methods are difficult to train due to the amount of computation required. Instead, we focus on an alternative method of approximating for BLEU by evaluating Differentiable Expected BLEU (DEBLEU). We evaluate our method on machine translation, while comparing results to both cross-entropy and policy gradient methods. Furthermore, we provide empirical results regarding the computational benefits of DEBLEU vs. policy gradients. Lastly, we focus on text-style transfer and argue that DEBLEU loss is a more suitable objective than cross-entropy for this task.
University of Southern Denmark Activity of dietary fatty acids on FFA 1 and FFA 4 and characterisation of pinolenic acid as a dual FFA 1 / FFA 4 agonist with potential effect against metabolic diseases

Various foods are associated with effects against metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, their mechanisms of action are mostly unclear. Fatty acids may contribute by acting as precursors of signalling molecules or by direct activity on receptors. The mediumand long-chain NEFA receptor FFA1 (free fatty acid receptor 1, previously known as GPR40) has been linked to enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas FFA4 (free fatty acid receptor 4, previously known as GPR120) has been associated with insulin-sensitising and anti-inflammatory effects, and both receptors are reported to protect pancreatic islets and promote secretion of appetite and glucose-regulating hormones. Hypothesising that FFA1 and FFA4 mediate therapeutic effects of dietary components, we screened a broad selection of NEFA on FFA1 and FFA4 and characterised active compounds in concentration–response curves. Of the screened compounds, pinolenic acid, a constituent of pine nut oil, was identified as a relatively potent and efficacious dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist, and its suitability for further studies was confirmed by additional in vitro characterisation. Pine nut oil and free and esterified pure pinolenic acid were tested in an acute glucose tolerance test in mice. Pine nut oil showed a moderately but significantly improved glucose tolerance compared with maize oil. Pure pinolenic acid or ethyl ester gave robust and highly significant improvements of glucose tolerance. In conclusion, the present results indicate that pinolenic acid is a comparatively potent and efficacious dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist that exerts antidiabetic effects in an acute mouse model. The compound thus deserves attention as a potential active dietary ingredient to prevent or counteract metabolic diseases.
1 Mass Violence and Victim Needs During Transitions Toward Sustainable Peace

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 H. L. Guthrey, Victim Healing and Truth Commissions, Springer Series in Transitional Justice 11, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12487-2_1 “I dared to tell all, it was in 2003 [that] I had to give testimony . [It is] important in that time that it [my story] was written in the book that can be read by our children and they will know that their mother was also involved in politics for the independence of this country. [But] until now they never appreciate our disgrace. We can say that Timorese women are like an empty plastic (bag) with no wind in it. We are living without dignity in Timor-Leste. ” Cidalia, Timor-Leste
The Effect of Bank Ownership on Loan Maturity

This paper empirically tests the determinants of corporate debt maturity suggested in the framework of the contracting costs hypothesis. Using data on new debt issues of Finnish listed firms, we concentrate on examining the effect of bank ownership on the determinants of maturity structure. We hypothesize that significant bank ownership mitigates the contracting problem, and thus firms with many growth opportunities are also able to use long-term debt. Furthermore, we expect that bank-owned firms are better able to match their asset and liability maturities. We regress the debt maturity on the market-to-book ratio and asset maturity. Additionally, we use control variables representing alternative approaches to maturity determination. The results show that when the lender bank is an owner of the borrowing firm, asset maturity and the term spread of interest rates are the determinants of maturity selection. Our additional tests show that this is the case even after controlling for loan type (bank loan vs. other loan).
Fear effects associated with predator presence and habitat structure interact to alter herbivory on coral reefs

Non-consumptive fear effects are an important determinant of foraging decisions by consumers across a range of ecosystems. However, how fear effects associated with the presence of predators interact with those associated with habitat structure remain unclear. Here, we used predator fish models (Plectropomus leopardus) and experimental patches of the macroalga Sargassum ilicifolium of varying densities to investigate how predator- and habitat-associated fear effects influence herbivory on coral reefs. We found the removal of macroalgal biomass (i.e. herbivory) was shaped by the interaction between predator- and habitat-associated fear effects. Rates of macroalgal removal declined with increasing macroalgal density, likely due to increased visual occlusion by denser macroalgae patches and reduced ability of herbivorous fishes to detect the predators. The presence of the predator model reduced herbivory within low macroalgal density plots, but not within medium- and high-density macroalgal plots. Our results suggest that fear effects due to predator presence were greatest at low macroalgal density, yet these effects were lost at higher densities possibly due to greater predation risk associated with habitat structure and/or the inability of herbivorous fishes to detect the predator model.
The effect of head movement on the bounding gait of a quadruped robot with an active spine

It is a common phenomenon in the movement of the quadruped mammals accompanied with head swings. Inspired by this, this article attempts to add head motion to the bounding gait of a quadruped robot. According to the theoretical analysis, there are two main functions of the head. First, the head can realize the active control of the center of mass position of the robot, which is of great significance to the stable motion of the robot. Second, the swing of the head plays a role in regulating the pitch angle of the torso and improves the coordination and stability of the motion. A simplified quadruped robot model with a head and spine joint is established and analyzed theoretically. The regularity of head movement in periodic bounding gait is summarized. Through simulation and experiment, we confirm the two roles of the head in the bounding gait of a quadruped robot.
Improvement and determination of the influencing factors of coiled tubing fatigue life prediction

The fatigue life prediction model cannot accurately predict the service life of coiled tubing operations, resulting in waste and accidental fracture of coiled tubing. This article introduces the fatigue life prediction model of coiled tubing and a detection system developed using weak magnetic detection method and eddy current detection method. The detection device is used to detect accurate defect dimension, wall thickness reduction, and diameter deformation to improve the accuracy of fatigue life prediction. Furthermore, the actual defect dimension is included in the fatigue life assessment calculation to eliminate the influence of the existing model on the immobilization of defects and corrosion influence factors. By analyzing field operation cases and measured values, the effects of defects, wall thickness reduction, and diameter growth on fatigue life are studied to improve the accuracy of parameters and the integrity of basic data in the calculation process. The influence of reverse bending and weld on fatigue life is discussed. The residual life can be predicted more accurately by combining field testing technology and fatigue life evaluation method. Field measurement input of fatigue life prediction model is the main means to improve its accuracy and practicability.
Evaluation of Babesia gibsoni GPI-anchored Protein 47 (BgGPI47-WH) as a Potential Diagnostic Antigen by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Babesia gibsoni is one of the important pathogens causing severe incurable canine babesiosis, suggesting the necessity to develop a sensitive, specific, and highly automated diagnostic method for clinical application. Surface proteins are ideal candidates for diagnostic targets because they are the primary targets for host immune responses during host-parasite interactions. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are abundant on the surface of parasites and play an important role in parasite diagnosis. In this study, a GPI-anchored protein named BgGPI47-WH was obtained and mouse anti-rBgGPI47-WH polyclonal antibody was produced by immunizing mice with the purified protein and Freund's adjuvant. Western blot was used to identify the native form and immunogenicity of BgGPI47-WH. An ELISA method was established by using recombinant BgGPI47-WH protein to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic antigen and the established method exhibited high specificity. The antibody response was evaluated by using the B. gibsoni-infected sera collected from different experimental dogs and the established ELISA could recognize antibodies at day 6 until day 101 post infection, indicating the potential use of BgGPI47-WH for early stage diagnosis. The specificity of the established ELISA was further evaluated by using 147 clinical samples collected from animal hospitals and 17.0% (25/147) of the samples were tested positive, with an overall proportion agreement of 86.39% between the results from BgGPI47-WH and BgSA1. Our results indicated that BgGPI47-WH could be used as a reliable diagnostic antigen and this study has proposed a practical method for early diagnosis of B. gibsoni.
Genome-Based Metabolic Reconstruction of a Novel Uncultivated Freshwater Magnetotactic coccus “Ca. Magnetaquicoccus inordinatus” UR-1, and Proposal of a Candidate Family “Ca. Magnetaquicoccaceae”

Magnetotactic bacteria are widely represented microorganisms that have the ability to synthesize magnetosomes. The magnetotactic cocci of the order Magnetococcales are the most frequently identified, but their classification remains unclear due to the low number of cultivated representatives. This paper reports the analysis of an uncultivated magnetotactic coccus UR-1 collected from the Uda River (in eastern Siberia). Genome analyses of this bacterium and comparison to the available Magnetococcales genomes identified a novel species called “Ca. Magnetaquicoccus inordinatus,” and a delineated candidate family “Ca. Magnetaquicoccaceae” within the order Magnetococcales is proposed. We used average amino acid identity values <55–56% and <64–65% as thresholds for the separation of families and genera, respectively, within the order Magnetococcales. Analyses of the genome sequence of UR-1 revealed a potential ability for a chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle, with the oxidation of a reduced sulfur compound and carbon assimilation by rTCA. A nearly complete magnetosome genome island, containing a set of mam and mms genes, was also identified. Further comparative analyses of the magnetosome genes showed vertical inheritance as well as horizontal gene transfer as the evolutionary drivers of magnetosome biomineralization genes in strains of the order Magnetococcales.
Analysis of Remote Displacement Patterns Monitored by Tiltmeters During Fluid Injection Into Reservoirs

In order to take far-field translational tilts into account during studying reservoir flow process of CO2 injection, a group of tiltmeters were installed as array covering estimate range of ground spreading from the injection well. The measurements were applicable to ground deformations during a fracturing stimulation treatment, a short-term test of CO2 injection into relatively shallow coal seams and a CO2 injection into deep saline aquifer. An attempt to quantitatively model the rational association between reservoir volumetric disturbance underground and its induced corresponding rather slight distortion on surface was presented. It is as well demonstrated how to sufficiently manipulate vertical unstructured and horizontal divergent model numerical discretization, which eventually makes it feasible to study mechanism between reservoir flow and reservoir Geomechanics by full-field reservoir model. The potential algorithms to improve the computational efficiency and an actual demand for an ambitious solver to inverse coupling problem are finally discussed. The study proposed the development of high-efficiency software package fully capable of dealing with reservoir flow and reservoir Geomechanics so as to implement the history match study not only on a reservoir itself being injected but also including the full field deformation performance up to the costly ground displacement monitoring data.
Links with Answers: Query Answering for Customer Support

The increasing complexity of today’s systems has triggered a tremendous demand for customer support [2]. Customers often ask about standard procedures or common issues that are well documented somewhere so that their questions could be answered efficiently in an automated fashion. But current solutions often fail in addressing their problems – we assume that every reader has enough experience with unhelpful chat bots, automated phone systems, and standardized e-mail replies in order to see that there is room for improvement. One main challenge for automated solutions is to understand (enough of) the customer question to either link it to the answer, if it is known by the system, or forward it to special, e.g., human support. Natural language understanding is not easy in general and an entire area of research by itself. However, in the context of a concrete system, the most relevant vocabulary can be narrowed down to the one of the documents containing the answers and its specific semantics are known. For example, the user types and relevant tasks and tools are usually fixed and thus could be described semantically and applied for answering the queries. In this paper, we focus on a set of natural language questions asking for IT support from within IBM. Each question is associated with an URL, the link to a document containing the answer. These documents are available in HTML but, alas, not annotated in the form of Semantic Web (SW) pages; we assume that this is a scenario which is common, also outside of IBM. In this initial investigation, we show that ontologies and reasoning using SW technologies can help in resolving problems with underspecification, ambiguity, and variety in the questions, and in finding answers which are missed by standard information retrieval (IR) approaches. We compare a standard TF-IDF-based approach to a semantic solution based on a custom ontology, the state-of-the-art rule learning system AMIE [3], and SWRL reasoning, using the learned rules. Although the benefits of including semantic knowledge become evident, we point out several issues with and gaps in the current tool set; challenges for future development of semantic technologies. In this sense, we propose a semantic baseline to motivate research in an area of rising importance where, in our opinion, SW technologies could provide fundamental benefits.
How Does Current AI Stack Up Against Human Intelligence?

The past decade has seen remarkable progress in artificial intelligence, with such advances as self-driving cars, IBM Watson, AlphaGo, Google Translate, face recognition, speech recognition, virtual assistants, and recommender systems. Ray Kurzweil and others think that it is only a matter of decades before AI surpasses human intelligence. This symposium will evaluate the extent to which AI currently approximates the full range of human intellectual abilities, and critically discuss the prospects for closing the gap between artificial and human intelligence. Participants will combine the perspectives of computer science, psychology, and philosophy.