Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Disbelief and Sadness”: First-Year Health Profession Students’ Perspectives on Medical Errors

Objectives The aims of the study were to examine the reactions of first-year health profession students to medical errors and determine whether differences exist between disciplines. Methods After viewing the Team STEPPS Program’s Susan Sheridan video that describes two separate medical errors, students from anesthesia assistant, medical imaging, medicine, nursing, physical therapy, and physician assistant programs provided unstructured open responses reflecting on initial impressions of medical errors depicted in the film. Student responses were assessed via inductive coding techniques and thematic analysis and stratified by discipline. Frequencies of key themes were calculated. Descriptive analyses characterized respondents and χ2 tests compared responses between disciplines. Results In a review of 373 student responses (80% response rate), 255 students expressed an emotion-based reply, of which 93.75 were negative with such comments as they felt horrified, appalled, and disappointed by the patient’s experience. Of the 227 students who commented on blame or fault, 70% felt that a system error was at fault, 45% felt that it was the provider and only 1.3% stated that it was the patient’s fault. Of the students who mentioned the context or situation, just more than half felt that the episode was preventable and there was a causal relationship between clinic workers’ actions and the medical error. Finally, a high percentage of students had a solutions-oriented response, noting the importance of teamwork and communication in the avoidance of medical errors. Conclusions First-year health profession students responded to medical error with strong emotion and distress. Their responses largely represent an individualistic view of healthcare in both the causes and solutions to medical errors. No differences in response themes were observed by discipline. This study represents our students’ emotional responses to a medical error scenario. The qualitative responses and reactions of students to the Sheridan video offered opportunities to tease out nuances that would otherwise be unavailable in a typical attitudes survey. We noted a individualistic view of healthcare in both the causes and solutions to medical errors. We view these results as an opportunity for interprofessional education in systems-level approaches to improve patient safety. Curricular efforts in interprofessional education, collaborative practice, and patient safety should be driven by these results.
Emerging approaches for restoration of hearing and vision.

Impairments of vision and hearing are highly prevalent conditions limiting the quality of life and presenting a major socioeconomic burden. For long, retinal and cochlear disorders have remained intractable for causal therapies, with sensory rehabilitation limited to glasses, hearing aids, and electrical cochlear or retinal implants. Recently, the application of gene therapy and optogenetics to eye and ear has generated hope for a fundamental improvement of vision and hearing restoration. To date, one gene therapy for the restoration of vision has been approved and undergoing clinical trials will broaden its application including gene replacement, genome editing, and regenerative approaches. Moreover, optogenetics, i.e. controlling the activity of cells by light, offers a more general alternative strategy. Over little more than a decade, optogenetic approaches have been developed and applied to better understand the function of biological systems, while protein engineers have identified and designed new opsin variants with desired physiological features. Considering potential clinical applications of optogenetics, the spotlight is on the sensory systems. Multiple efforts have been undertaken to restore lost or hampered function in eye and ear. Optogenetic stimulation promises to overcome fundamental shortcomings of electrical stimulation, namely poor spatial resolution and cellular specificity, and accordingly to deliver more detailed sensory information. This review aims at providing a comprehensive reference on current gene therapeutic and optogenetic research relevant to the restoration of hearing and vision. We will introduce gene-therapeutic approaches and discuss the biotechnological and optoelectronic aspects of optogenetic hearing and vision restoration.
New technologies in phacoemulsification cataract surgery

The cataract surgery is currently considered one of the most frequent procedures in medicine. It is a safe procedure that is performed on millions of patients throughout the world. On the other hand, in the last few years, it has managed to recover the crystalline transparency in addition to providing greater satisfaction to the patients by becoming a refractive method. In the modern surgery of the crystalline, all the surgeons agree that the most suitable technology for the cataract extraction is Revista Cubana de Oftalmología. 2013; 26(1):157-169 http://scielo.sld. cu 158 phacoemulsificación. A literature review was made to describe emergence and evolution, surgical technologies, as well as new innovations in this surgical procedure.
The Impact of Human Genetic Polymorphisms on Rotavirus Susceptibility, Epidemiology, and Vaccine Take

Innate resistance to viral infections can be attributed to mutations in genes involved in the immune response, or to the receptor/ligand. A remarkable example of the latter is the recently described Mendelian trait resistance to clinically important and globally predominating genotypes of rotavirus, the most common agent of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children worldwide. This resistance appears to be rotavirus genotype-dependent and is mainly mediated by histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which function as a receptor or attachment factors on gut epithelial surfaces. HBGA synthesis is mediated by fucosyltransferases and glycosyltransferases under the genetic control of the FUT2 (secretor), FUT3 (Lewis), and ABO (H) genes on chromosome 19. Significant genotypic and phenotypic diversity of HBGA expression exists between different human populations. This genetic diversity has an effect on genotype-specific susceptibility, molecular epidemiology, and vaccine take. Here, we will discuss studies on genetic susceptibility to rotavirus infection and place them in the context of population susceptibility, rotavirus epidemiology, vaccine take, and public health impact.
Spectrum of Light as a Determinant of Plant Functioning: A Historical Perspective

The significance of the spectral composition of light for growth and other physiological functions of plants moved to the focus of “plant science” soon after the discovery of photosynthesis, if not earlier. The research in this field recently intensified due to the explosive development of computer-controlled systems for artificial illumination and documenting photosynthetic activity. The progress is also substantiated by recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of photo-regulation of assorted physiological functions in plants mediated by photoreceptors and other pigment systems. The spectral balance of solar radiation can vary significantly, affecting the functioning and development of plants. Its effects are evident on the macroscale (e.g., in individual plants growing under the forest canopy) as well as on the meso- or microscale (e.g., mutual shading of leaf cell layers and chloroplasts). The diversity of the observable effects of light spectrum variation arises through (i) the triggering of different photoreceptors, (ii) the non-uniform efficiency of spectral components in driving photosynthesis, and (iii) a variable depth of penetration of spectral components into the leaf. We depict the effects of these factors using the spectral dependence of chloroplast photorelocation movements interlinked with the changes in light penetration into (light capture by) the leaf and the photosynthetic capacity. In this review, we unfold the history of the research on the photocontrol effects and put it in the broader context of photosynthesis efficiency and photoprotection under stress caused by a high intensity of light.
Public Health Measures to Slow Community Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially identified in an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, in December 2019, and it has now been recognized in 77 countries with over 90 000 laboratoryconfirmed cases and over 3000 deaths as of March 3, 2020 [1]. The epidemiology of COVID-19 has recently become clearer as incident cases continue to rise and researchers refine estimates of the severity, transmissibility, and populations affected. Based on available data, COVID-19 is efficiently transmitted in the community, and the proportion of infections leading to severe illness is particularly high among adults ≥50 years of age and among individuals with comorbid health conditions. Although rare, severe cases have also been reported among younger individuals. Thus far, the estimated basic reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher than that of influenza [2], as is the case fatality risk for adults and older individuals. An estimated 80% of COVID-19 cases are mild [1]. This is not a glass-half-full statistic, because 20% of infections result in clinically severe cases that have the potential to overwhelm already overburdened health facilities. Given the lack of vaccines and effective antivirals, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are the most effective available interventions for local and global control and mitigation of COVID-19. To date, measures aimed at slowing introduction of infection globally have included travel restrictions, isolation of confirmed cases, and quarantine of exposed persons. In the United States, NPIs have reduced the number of infected persons entering the country, but recent outbreaks in multiple US states make it clear that these measures have delayed but not prevented community transmission. In 2009, NPIs were able to delay large epidemic waves of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in some locations until after the summer, because influenza transmission tends to be reduced by higher temperatures and humidity. It is unclear whether COVID19 transmission will be heavily affected by seasonal weather variation, given that transmission is now occurring in multiple tropical and subtropical locations. Given the many uncertainties regarding the potential for widespread community transmission of COVID-19, community mitigation measures to curb local transmission must be carefully considered and applied where possible. In the 1918/1919 influenza pandemic, timely and sustained use of a broad set of NPIs including school closures, banning of mass gatherings, mandatory wearing of masks, isolation of ill persons, and appropriate disinfection and/or hygiene measures reduced mortality in several US cities [3]. These measures decreased transmission, spread the epidemic over a longer period of time, reduced the height of the epidemic peak, and reduced the overall number of infected persons and overall health impact. In this study, we discuss NPIs that may be most effective given our current understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology (Table 1).
Five-Year Outcomes After Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Elite Athletes

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a common cause of hip pain and disability in athletes. Arthroscopic treatment for FAIS is well-established; however, the long-term results in elite athletes are limited. Purpose: To evaluate outcomes 5 years after arthroscopic treatment for FAIS in elite athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Elite athletes undergoing arthroscopic treatment for FAIS with a minimum 5-year follow-up were included. They were prospectively followed up with patient-reported outcome measures. An elite athlete was defined as having a Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) level of 7 or 8 before the onset of symptoms. Preoperatively and 5 years after surgery, all athletes completed a web-based questionnaire, including the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (comprising 6 subscales), the EQ-5D and EQ-VAS (European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions Questionnaire and European Quality of Life–Visual Analog Scale), iHOT-12 (International Hip Outcome Tool), a visual analog scale for hip function, and the HSAS. Moreover, patients reported their overall satisfaction with their hip function. Preoperative measurements were compared with the 5-year follow-up. Results: A total of 64 elite athletes (52 men, 12 women) with a mean ± SD age of 24 ± 6 years were included. On average, patients reported a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement from preoperative patient-reported outcome measures to the 5-year follow-up (P < .0003), Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score subscales (symptoms, 51.7 vs 71.9; pain, 61.0 vs 81.1; function of daily living, 67.1 vs 83.6; function in sports and recreation, 40.0 vs 71.5; participation in physical activity, 25.0 vs 67.4; hip and groin–related quality of life, 34.4 vs 68.0), EQ-5D (0.60 vs 0.83), EQ-VAS (66.1 vs 76.7), and iHOT-12 (40.0 vs 68.8). At the 5-year follow-up, 90.5% reported satisfaction with their overall hip function. In total, 54% still participated in competitive sports (HSAS, 5-8) at follow-up, while 77% had decreased their level. Older patients and patients with longer duration of symptoms reported a significantly lower level of sports activity (HSAS, 0-4; P < .009). Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment for FAIS in elite athletes results in a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement regarding symptoms, hip function, quality of life, and pain 5 years after surgery. Approximately half of the cohort was still in competitive sports at follow-up, yet 77% had decreased their level of sports. Nine of 10 patients were satisfied with their surgery.
Epstein Barr Virus Associated Lymphomas and Epithelia Cancers in Humans

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a cosmopolitan oncogenic virus, infecting about 90% of the world's population and it is associated to tumors originating from both epithelia and hematopoietic cells. Transmission of the virus is mainly through oral secretions; however, transmission through organ transplantation and blood transfusion has been reported. In order to evade immune recognition, EBV establishes latent infection in B lymphocytes where it expresses limited sets of proteins called EBV transcription programs (ETPs), including six nuclear antigens (EBNAs), three latent membrane proteins (LMP), and untranslated RNA called EBV encoded RNA (EBER), shown to efficiently transform B cells into lymphoblastic cells. These programs undergo different patterns of expression which determine the occurrence of distinct types of latency in the pathogenesis of a particular tumor. Hematopoietic cell derived tumors include but not limited to Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma. EBV undergoes lytic infection in epithelia cells for amplification of the viral particle for transmission where it expresses lytic stage genes. However, for reasons yet to be unveiled, EBV switches from the expression of lytic stage genes to the expression of ETPs in epithelia cells. The expression of the ETPs lead to the transformation of epithelia cells into permanently proliferating cells, resulting in epithelia cell derived malignancies such as nasopharyngeal cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. In this review, we have summarized the current updates on EBV associated epithelial and B cell-derived malignancies, and the role of EBV latency gene products in the pathogenesis of the cancers, and have suggested areas for future studies when considering therapeutic measures
Why a Value-oriented Process Modelling Concept is Needed (short paper)

This paper focuses on the need for a Value Oriented Process Modelling concept, both in terms of why it is needed, what it is as well as how and where it could be applied. This includes Value Oriented Process analysis, design, implementation and governance considerations. Enabling organizations, with the ability, to interlink value modelling, value engineering 1 and value architecture 2 concepts with process aspects.
Sex Differences in People Aging with HIV in Germany.

To the Editors: Fátima et al1 performed a crosssectional analysis using data from the Modena HIV clinic (Italy). Their study included 1126 individuals older than 50 years with HIV, 25.2% of whom were women. They reported that although women exhibit better immunological recovery and had fewer cardiovascular risk factors than men, both their physical function and their quality of life were worse. This very important finding is confirmed by our analysis performed in Germany based on another data source. Our analysis used data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), which compiles drug prescriptions, diagnoses, and basic medical and demographic data obtained directly and anonymously from computer systems used in the practices of general practitioners and specialists.2 To compare the proportions of men and women with defined comorbidities, x2 tests were used. Two-sided P values ,0.05 were considered statistically significant. The database contained a total of 889 patients older than 50 years with HIV diagnoses documented in 278 general practitioners’ offices in Germany between July 2016 and June 2019. Of these patients, 29.4% were female. The average age of men (59.4 years) and women (59.9 years) did not differ significantly (P = 0.865). The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (23.4% vs. 21.1%, P = 0.449), dyslipidemia (29.5% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.655), diabetes mellitus (13.1% vs. 11.5%, 0.522), and cancer (10.2% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.082) was not significantly higher in women than in men. However, the proportion of women diagnosed with psychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety, somatoform disorders, and adjustment disorders, was significantly higher than that of men (42.9% vs. 29.3%, P , 0.001). Even when using different methods, we believe that quality of life, at least with regard to mental health, is worse for women than it is for men. That being said, the assessment of not only physical but also psychological function in this group seems to be crucial.
Deep Learning-Based Concurrent Brain Registration and Tumor Segmentation

Image registration and segmentation are the two most studied problems in medical image analysis. Deep learning algorithms have recently gained a lot of attention due to their success and state-of-the-art results in variety of problems and communities. In this paper, we propose a novel, efficient, and multi-task algorithm that addresses the problems of image registration and brain tumor segmentation jointly. Our method exploits the dependencies between these tasks through a natural coupling of their interdependencies during inference. In particular, the similarity constraints are relaxed within the tumor regions using an efficient and relatively simple formulation. We evaluated the performance of our formulation both quantitatively and qualitatively for registration and segmentation problems on two publicly available datasets (BraTS 2018 and OASIS 3), reporting competitive results with other recent state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our proposed framework reports significant amelioration (p < 0.005) for the registration performance inside the tumor locations, providing a generic method that does not need any predefined conditions (e.g., absence of abnormalities) about the volumes to be registered. Our implementation is publicly available online at https://github.com/TheoEst/joint_registration_tumor_segmentation.
Diagnostic Performance of Abnormal Nulling on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Look Locker Inversion Time Sequence in Differentiating Cardiac Amyloidosis Types

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the Look Locker inversion time (TI) sequence on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis and to evaluate whether there are differences in the nulling pattern between amyloid types. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis who had undergone cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were included in this retrospective study. Sixty-four had cardiac amyloidosis (62.1±9.2 y, 70.3% male, 68.8% had light chain amyloid [AL], 18.8% had familial transthyretin amyloid caused by mutant genes [ATTRm], and 12.5% had wild-type transthyretin amyloid [ATTRwt]) and 80 did not have cardiac amyloidosis (61.3±13.3 y, 58.8% male). Time to myocardial and blood pool nulling on the Look Locker TI sequence was classified as normal if blood pool nulled before myocardium or abnormal if blood pool nulling was coincident with or after myocardial nulling. Results: The nulling pattern was abnormal in 26 patients with cardiac amyloidosis compared with none of the patients without cardiac amyloidosis (40.6% vs. 0.0%, P<0.0001). Abnormal nulling had 40.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity for cardiac amyloidosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.703, 95% confidence interval: 0.642-0.764). All patients with cardiac amyloidosis with an abnormal nulling pattern demonstrated late gadolinium enhancement. Among patients with cardiac amyloidosis, there was no significant difference in abnormal nulling between AL, ATTRm, and ATTRwt amyloid types (31.8%, 58.3%, 62.5%, respectively, P=0.10). Conclusions: An abnormal nulling pattern on the Look Locker TI sequence is highly specific for cardiac amyloidosis when present. However, abnormal nulling is a late finding with low sensitivity and does not differentiate between amyloid types.
Soil moisture heterogeneity regulates water use in Populus nigra L. by altering root and xylem sap phytohormone concentrations.

Soil moisture heterogeneity in the root-zone is common during both the establishment of tree seedlings and in experiments aiming to impose semi-constant soil moisture deficits, but its effects on regulating plant water use compared to homogenous soil drying are not well known in trees. Pronounced vertical soil moisture heterogeneity was imposed on black poplar (Populus nigra L.) grown in soil columns by altering irrigation frequency, to test whether plant water use, hydraulic responses, root phytohormone concentrations, and root xylem sap chemical composition differed between wet (well-watered, WW), homogeneously (infrequent deficit irrigation, IDI) and heterogeneously dry soil (frequent deficit irrigation, FDI). At the same bulk soil water content, FDI plants had greater water use than IDI plants, probably because root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was low in the upper wetter layer of FDI plants, which maintained root xylem sap ABA concentration at basal levels in contrast with IDI. Soil drying did not increase root xylem concentration of any other hormone. Nevertheless, plant-to-plant variation in xylem jasmonic acid (JA) concentration was negatively related to leaf stomatal conductance within WW and FDI plants. However, feeding detached leaves with high (1,200 nM) JA concentrations via the transpiration stream decreased transpiration only marginally. Xylem pH and sulphate concentration decreased in FDI plants compared to well-watered plants. Frequent deficit irrigation increased root accumulation of the cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), especially in the dry lower layer, and of the ethylene precursor ACC, in the wet upper soil layer. Root hormone accumulation might explain the maintenance of high root hydraulic conductance and water use in FDI plants (similar to well-watered plants) compared to IDI plants. In irrigated tree crops, growers could vary irrigation scheduling to control water use by altering the hormone balance.