Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of acute alcohol consumption on recovery from a simulated rugby match

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of acute post-exercise alcohol consumption on measures of physical performance, creatine kinase, and immunoendocrine function in the 48 h following a rugby game simulation. Ten male senior rugby union players completed a rugby game simulation after which they consumed either 1 g of alcohol per kilogram of body mass or a non-alcoholic control beverage. Agility, 15 m sprint, countermovement jump, and srummaging performance were assessed pre-simulation and 24 and 48 h post-simulation. White blood cell count, testosterone, cortisol, and creatine kinase were measured before the simulation and 30 min, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after the simulation. One week after the first trial, participants completed the second simulation after which the other beverage was consumed. The acute consumption of alcohol after a rugby game simulation negatively affected countermovement jump performance in the days following the simulation (P = 0.028). No differences between treatments were observed for the other criterion measures made in this study. In conclusion, after 80 min of a simulated rugby game, the consumption of 1 g of alcohol per kg body mass negatively impacts lower body vertical power output. However, performance of tasks requiring repeated maximal muscular effort is not affected.
Systematic review of immunohistochemical biomarkers to identify prognostic subgroups of patients with pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries a dismal prognosis. There is a need to identify prognostic subtypes of PDAC to predict clinical and therapeutic outcomes accurately, and define novel therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review was to provide a systematic summary and review of available data on immunohistochemical (IHC) prognostic and predictive markers in patients with PDAC.
Randomized clinical trial of tissue glue versus absorbable sutures for mesh fixation in local anaesthetic Lichtenstein hernia repair

Chronic pain may be a long‐term problem related to mesh fixation and operative trauma after Lichtenstein hernioplasty. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and safety of tissue cyanoacrylate glue versus absorbable sutures for mesh fixation in Lichtenstein hernioplasty.
Comparative Study of Neck Pain in Relation to Increase of Cervical Epidural Pressure During Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

Study Design. A prospective study. Objective. By monitoring cervical epidural pressure (EP) changes throughout the procedure, we intend to discover the effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) on cervical epidural pressure and whether there is a correlation between posterior neck pain and increased cervical EP, which is known to have a linear correlation with intracranial pressure (ICP). Summary of Background Data. Patients sometimes complain of posterior neck pain during PELD. Due to the massive irrigation fluid used during the procedure, the possibility of increased ICP as the cause is quite strong. Methods. Twenty-eight patients undergoing PELD with ASA physical status 1 or 2 were enrolled in this study. In all patients, a cervical epidural catheter was placed at the C6–C7 level before the procedure and was connected to a pressure transducer. Cervical EPs were monitored continuously throughout the procedure. Initial stabilized EP (EP), EP at the time of neck pain, maximal EP during the procedure, and EP at the end of the procedure were checked. Neck pain onset time from the beginning of irrigation and total irrigation time were also checked. Results. Of 28 patients, 8 patients complained of neck pain. Neck pain onset time from the beginning of irrigation was 35.6 ± 11.3 (mean ± SD) minutes. The EP at the time of neck pain (52.9 ± 9.2 mm Hg) was significantly higher than the maximal EP in patients without neck pain (34.8 ± 14.7 mm Hg). In all patients who complained of neck pain, the cervical EP at the time of neck pain showed pressures above 37 mm Hg. The maximal EP in those with neck pain (73.6 ± 25.8 mm Hg) was also significantly higher than the EP in those without neck pain (34.8 ± 14.7 mm Hg). In a correlation study, patients with higher maximal EPs had higher probabilities of having neck pain. In 6 of 8 patients, an abrupt increase in EP was observed after the onset of neck pain, while in the other 2 patients, the procedure ended just after neck pain appeared. Conclusion. Neck pain occurring during PELD is associated with a highly increased cervical EP generated by continuous infusion.
Presbyopia among health workers in a tertiary hospital in north western Nigeria

Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of presbyopia among workers at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) in Birnin-Kebbi, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 145 persons at FMC Birnin-Kebbi, Nigeria. Subjects were selected by random sampling technique from the two directorates of the hospital, clinical, and administrative. Visual acuity was measured with the Snellen′s chart while persons with subnormal vision were examined using pinhole and correction if required. Near vision was tested at a distance of 40 cm with a near vision chart. Subjects not using correction were asked on their perceived barrier for not using correction. Results: The age range was from 35 to 57 years (mean age 44.7 years), including 65.5% males and 34.5% females. The prevalence of presbyopia was 42.1%. Spectacle coverage was 51.5% with 48.5% of persons needing correction not using correction. Lack of awareness and no felt need were the major barriers to non-use of the spectacles. Conclusions: Many of the cohorts remained uncorrected despite their presbyopic errors. There is a need to create more awareness among health workers about presbyopia and its correction. Ensuring adequate treatment of presbyopia among health workers can impact positively on the quality of life and productivity of health personnel.
Revisão rápida de esfregaços cervicais como método de garantia interna de qualidade

INTRODUCTION: One of the most frequently cited disadvantages of cervical cancer screening is its high false negative rate. The most widely used quality assurance method is 10% random re-screening. Recent studies have shown that 100% rapid re-screening is an efficient method for reduction of the false negative rate. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of 100% rapid re-screening with that of 10% random re-screening as an internal quality assurance method. METHODS: 2,750 first screening negative smears were submitted to 100% rapid re-screening by a senior cytotechnologist followed by 10% random re-screening by another senior cytotechnologist. After re-screening, all smears were analyzed by two independent cytopathologists. Whenever results were divergent the smears were analyzed by a third cytopathologist and the panel established a consensus gold standard diagnosis. RESULTS: 98 suspect smears were selected by rapid re-screening, 62 of which were confirmed as abnormal by the gold standard: 45 Ascus, 11 LSIL and six HSIL (sensitivity 73.8%). Of the nine abnormal smears detected by the 10% random re-screening, six were confirmed by the gold standard, three Ascus, two LSIL and one HSIL (sensitivity 50%). The gold standard detected 57 Ascus, ten LSIL and five HSIL cases among the 2,489 smears that were not submitted to 10% re-screening. CONCLUSIONS: 100% rapid re-screening is an efficient alternative for reduction of cervical screening false negative rates. It also allowed to monitor the individual performance of members of the team.
What factors lead to healthcare miscommunications with older patients?

Abstract Effective communication influences the overall health of the patient. Older adults may be at a disadvantage during communication exchange due to age-related declines in cognitive abilities, sensation and perception. To better understand medical communication and ageing, this study developed a framework highlighting four main components of communication: memory, sensation/perception, comprehension and interpersonal skills. Older adults' self-reported experiences for these components of medical communication were then assessed to examine the prevalence of the problems and strategies used to solve these problems. A total of 24 older adults (aged 62–80, mean = 70.97, SD = 4.95) (50 per cent African-American, 50 per cent Caucasian and 50 per cent male) participated in structured interviews. Over 80 per cent reported at least one communication problem with their healthcare providers. Of those who reported problems, over half of the participants had difficulties related to comprehending spoken information (54 per cent). Healthcare providers may be able to support older adult patients beyond merely adapting communication for sensory changes but also by adapting communication to accommodate different comprehension needs.
Personal and situational factors influencing coaches’ perceptions ofstress

Abstract Coaching has been recognised as a demanding occupation, associated with a range of stressors. The extent to which coaches perceive stress is likely to be influenced by various personal and situational factors. The purpose of this study was to identify coaches' levels of perceived stress and examine the personal and situational factors that may influence coaches' perceptions of stress. In total, 502 coaches working with university, college, Canada Games, and/or nationally identified athletes completed this study. Coaches completed an online survey, which included questions regarding demographics, work/job-related considerations, and aspects relating to their contract. Coaches also completed the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). Overall coaches indicated slightly below average levels of perceived stress (M = 15.13 out of 40) compared with norm-values (Cohen & Janicki-Deverts, 2012). Demographic factors, job-related characteristics, and certain aspects of their contract were associated with coaches' perceptions of stress. In particular, unclear expectations, long-working hours (>40), lack of agreed evaluation criteria, higher salaries, and a lack of social support were related to higher perceptions of stress. As such, the findings of the current study indicate that a reduction in perceived stress is likely to be achieved through a multifaceted approach that addresses multiple factors associated with coaching.
Primary Intramedullary Tumors of the Spinal Cord

Study Design. Clinically based systematic review. Objective. To define optimal clinical care for primary intramedullary spinal cord tumors using a systematic review with expert opinion. Methods. Focused questions on the treatment of primary intramedullary spinal cord tumors were refined by a panel of spine oncology surgeons, medical and radiation oncologist. Keyword were searched through Medline database and pertinent abstracts and manuscripts obtained. The quality of literature was rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. Using the GRADE evidence based review system the proposed questions were answered using the literature review and expert opinion. These treatment recommendations were then rated as either strong or weak based on the quality of evidence and clinical expertise. Results. The literature searches revealed low and very low quality evidence with no prospective or randomized studies. The MEDLINE search engine returned 9000 articles which was restricted to articles about human subjects and written in the English language. The subsequent search resulted in a return of: “spinal cord tumor” (5053), “ependymoma” (580), “astrocytoma” (420), and “glioma” (235) articles. Seventeen articles referenced timing of surgical intervention and symptomatology for intramedullary spinal cord tumors. One hundred fifty-eight chemotherapy and 183 radiation therapy articles for intramedullary spinal cord tumors were reviewed. Conclusion. The most important factor in determining the IMSCT patient’s long-term neurologic and functional outcome after surgery is the patient’s preoperative neurologic status. However, this must be taken in the context of the underlying tumor histology. Therefore, resection is reserved for progressive neurologic decline and serial monitoring for asymptomatic individuals. Adjuvant therapy is an option for high grade astrocytomas (WHO grades 3–4).
Relationship between patients ’ reports of complications and symptoms , disability and quality of life after surgery

Background: Patient-reported complications are increasingly being used to compare the performance of surgical departments. The objectives of this study were to explore the validity of patient-reported complications and to determine their influence on patients’ reports of the benefits of surgery (health gain). Methods: This was an observational study of patients in England who underwent hip replacement (68 391), knee replacement (77 705), inguinal hernia repair (48 199) or varicose vein surgery (16 535) during 2009–2011. Health gain was assessed with condition-specific measures of symptoms and disability (Oxford Hip Score, Oxford Knee Score, Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire), health-related quality of life (EQ-5DTM index) and a single item on the success of surgery. Adverse outcomes included four complications, readmission and further surgery. Results: There was evidence that patient-reported complications were valid. Patients with three or more co-morbid conditions reported more complications, whereas age, sex and socioeconomic status (adjusted for co-morbidity) had little, or no association. Complications were strongly associated with readmission and further surgery. Among patients reporting a complication, the Oxford Hip Score or Oxford Knee Score was about 3 points (or 15 per cent) lower than the value in patients not reporting a complication. The EQ-5DTM score was about 0·07 lower for joint replacement, 0·06 lower for hernia repair and 0·04 lower for varicose vein surgery. Conclusion: Patients’ reports of complications can be used for statistical comparisons of surgical departments. If the relationship between complications and health gain is causal, there is scope for improving health gain indicators after surgery by minimizing the risk of a complication.
Long‐lasting alteration in mesocorticolimbic structures after repeated social defeat stress in rats: time course of µ‐opioid receptor mRNA and FosB/ΔFosB immunoreactivity

Social defeat stress is a salient stressor that induces neuroadaptive changes in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Substantial evidence indicates that µ‐opioid receptors (MORs) modulate dopamine transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). FosB/ΔFosB protein accumulation in dopaminergic projections during repeated treatments is thought to be involved in long‐term neuroplasticity. In this study we characterize the magnitude and time‐course of MOR mRNA expression and FosB/ΔFosB immunoreactivity in mesocorticolimbic regions following repeated social defeat stress. Effects of brief repeated social defeat stress or control handling procedures were studied in rats either 2 h after the last exposure, or 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days later. We found that MOR mRNA expression in the VTA doubled after the last stress compared with handling, and remained 30–70% higher until day 21. The number of FosB/ΔFosB‐labeled neurons in regions of the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core, and in the medial, central and basolateral amygdala increased significantly immediately after the last stress episode, and remained enhanced for 21 days. Another group of rats received bilateral intra‐VTA infusion of the MOR agonist, DAMGO, 7 days after the last stress. Prior social defeat stress augmented DAMGO‐induced Fos expression in the NAc shell, suggesting that Fos expression in this region might be the direct result of MOR activity in the VTA. Social defeat stress leads to an increased capacity for MOR activation in the VTA, which may be relevant to enduring FosB/ΔFosB expression in mesocorticolimbic areas and to the behaviorally sensitized response to psychostimulant drugs.
Randomized clinical trial of robot‐assisted versus standard laparoscopic right colectomy

Robotic surgery was invented to overcome the demerits of laparoscopic technique. However, it is unclear whether robot‐assisted colectomy (RAC) has significant clinical advantages over laparoscopically assisted colectomy (LAC) in treating colonic cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of RAC versus LAC for right‐sided colonic cancer.
Changes in the Lumbar Spine of Athletes From Supine to the True-Standing Position in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Study Design. Case-control observational study. Objective. Determination of dimensional changes in the lumbar spines of athletes between supine and stand-up position in MRI, concerning the lordosis, spinal canal cross-sectional area (SCCA), dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA), sagittal dural sac diameter (SDSD), the lateral recess and the neural foramina. Summary of Background Data. The development of positional MRI allows the examination of spine segments under a true weight-bearing situation. Methods. About 35 athletes (20m/15f, Ø: 28a) were examined using a 0.25 T open MRI-Scanner (G-Scan, ESAOTE, Italy). In all cases, axial and sagittal SE-T1 + SSE-T2 images were recorded in supine and true standing position. All measurements were performed using MEDIMAGE software (Vepro AG, Germany). The blinded measurements were performed 3 times by 2 independent examiners. Sagittal images were used to determine the lordosis and the narrowing of the left/right foramen at all levels between L1/2 and L5/S1. Axial images were used to determine the SDSD, the SCCA and the DSCA at L3/4, L4/5, L5/S1, and narrowing of the left/right recessus lateralis of L4, L5 and S1. Results. The lordosis showed a significant increase of 6.3° (14%) from supine to true standing position (P < 0.001). The SDSD is significantly smaller in true standing position, than in supine position at the level of L3/4 and L4/5 (P < 0.001). Narrowing of the foramen occurred in true standing position in 13.4% at L4/L5 and in 26.7% at level L5/S1. No significant differences were observed at the recessus lateralis, the SCCA and the DSCA. Conclusion. The measurement method in supine and true standing position is excellent for depicting the anatomical regions relevant for spinal canal stenosis in healthy individuals. Measuring the lumbar lordosis angle in both positions is an important requirement for interpreting the relevant anatomical regions. Of particular importance here is the DSCA and the SDSD.
Landing ground reaction forces in figure skaters and non-skaters

Abstract Researchers and clinicians have suggested that overuse injuries to the lower back and lower extremities of figure skaters may be associated with the repeated high impact forces sustained during jump landings. Our primary aim was to compare the vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) in freestyle figure skaters (n = 26) and non-skaters (n = 18) for the same barefoot single leg landing on a force plate from a 20 cm platform. Compared with non-skaters, skaters exhibited a significantly greater normalised peak GRF (3.50 ± 0.47 × body weight for skaters vs. 3.13 ± 0.45 × body weight for non-skaters), significantly shorter time to peak GRF (81.21 ± 14.01 ms for skaters vs. 93.81 ± 16.49 ms for non-skaters), and significantly longer time to stabilisation (TTS) of the GRF (2.38 ± 0.07 s for skaters vs. 2.22 ± 0.07 s for non-skaters). Skaters also confined their centre of pressure (CoP) to a significantly smaller mediolateral (M–L) (25%) and anterior–posterior (A–P) (40%) range during the landing phase, with the position of the CoP located in the mid to forefoot region. The narrower and more forward position of the CoP in skaters may at least partially explain the greater peak GRF, shorter time to peak, and longer TTS. Training and/or equipment modification serve as potential targets to decrease peak GRF by distributing it over a longer time period. More comprehensive studies including electromyography and motion capture are needed to fully characterise the unique figure skater landing strategy.
Pain relief as an opponent process: a psychophysical investigation

Relief from pain in humans is frequently measured by computing the reduction on an 11‐point pain intensity scale. However, this definition of relief may be insufficient to capture the utility of pain relief for the individual. Based on pain literature and evidence from studies examining relief and reward, it is clear that pain relief is a broad concept comprising several factors, only one of which is pain intensity reduction. According to opponent process theory, all sensations consist of a primary process and a slow ‘opponent process’ of opposite valence, the purpose of which is to reduce the deviation from homeostatic balance. Here, opponent process theory provided a framework to explore the interaction between pain, relief and reward. We devised three psychophysical studies examining the temporal (Experiment I) and magnitude (Experiments I and II) relationships between pain severity and its subsequent relief. In Experiment III, we further manipulated the magnitude and pleasantness of relief experienced by applying innocuous cooling following noxious heat stimulation of capsaicin‐sensitized skin. Results confirmed predictions from opponent process theory and showed that pain intensity reduction was significantly stronger than relief intensity ratings. Furthermore, continuous relief ratings appeared to reflect the speed of pain intensity reduction. Varying pain intensity parametrically confirmed that relief increases with pain intensity. That innocuous cooling following primary hyperalgesia intervention significantly increased the intensity, pleasantness and duration of relief provides further evidence that pain relief encapsulates more than a reduction in pain intensity. Importantly, the high relief pleasantness ratings confirmed the hypothesized link between relief and reward.