Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of A High-Speed Pelletization Process and Equipment

AbstractA single step high-speed centrifugal pelletization procedure is described. Pellets of three model drugs of varying solubilities were prepared and characterized. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the external layer which is composed of binder and drug is very porous relative to the nonpareil seed core material. Bulk density measurements also confirmed the loose structural makeup of the drug layer. Preparation of pellets from small non-pareil seeds provided particles that have high drug content and are amenable to high dose formulations. Common wet granulation binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and gelatin exhibited good binding capacities and generated excellent pellets.
Effect of the Trimethylgallium Flow during Nucleation Layer Growth on the Properties of GaN Grown on Sapphire

We report on the effect of the trimethylgallium flow during nucleation layer growth on the electrical, optical and structural properties of epitaxial GaN films grown on basal plane sapphire by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The 1.2 µm thick GaN films grown on nucleation layers with the optimum trimethylgallium flow of 45 µmol/min had a room temperature mobility of 644 cm2/s and minimum width of the (002) and the (102) X-ray diffraction peaks. The roughness of the as-grown nucleation layers decreased with increased trimethylgallium flow. However, smooth, as-grown, nucleation layers showed a strong tendency for island coarsening and an increased surface roughness after heating to the bulk GaN growth temperature.
Decomposition of Aqueous 2,2,3,3-Tetra-Fluoro-Propanol by UV∕ O3 Process

2,2,3,3-Tetra-fluoro-propanol (TFP) has been extensively used in compact disk-recordable and digital versatile disk-recordable manufacture and a large amount of wastewater containing the chemical is being discharged. This investigation evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of UV, O3 , and UV∕ O3 to degrade aqueous TFP. TFP oxidation tests were performed with initial TFP concentrations of 772–887 mg∕L with various solution pH values (acidic, alkaline, uncontrolled), solution temperatures (26, 37, 48, and 60°C ), and UV wavelengths (254 and 185 nm ). Experimental results demonstrated that alkaline conditions favor the TFP degradation and increase the mass of TFP decomposition per unit mass of ozone consumption, in both UV254 nm ∕ O3 and UV185 nm ∕ O3 processes. There was no significant difference in the rate of TFP degradation when using either UV254 nm or UV185 nm . TFP exhibited zero-order degradation kinetics when sufficient ozone was supplied. A higher oxidation temperature was found to.
Adsorption of thiocyanate on polycrystalline silver and gold electrodes studied in situ by sum-frequency spectroscopy

In situ vibrational spectra of thiocyanate ions adsorbed on smooth silver and gold electrodes have been obtained by infrared-visible sum-frequency spectroscopy (SFS). SCN - was detected on silver in the potential range 0.0 to -0.3 V vs SCE and on gold in the potential range+0.4 to -0.4 V vs SCE. In both cases, a peak due to the C-N stretching mode of S-bound thiocyanate was observed. This peak moved to lower frequencies as the potential was made more negative. There was no evidence for N-bound species. The absence of peaks at large negative potentials is consistent with SCN - ions lying parallel to the surface
“Relationship of marketing and information and the influence of communication technologies analysis on retail travel agencies”

: The progress of information and communication technology (ICTs) has had percipient consequences on items and services marketing. Specifically, the advent of digital commerce has pressured companies to face new kinds of opposition and client relationship management to and customer relationship management to survive in markets. The effect of ICTs on customers’ trust is likewise examined, and the results of open approaches to enhance the management of business relationships with customers. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anaerobic digestion of liquid dairy manure using a sequential continuous‐stirred tank reactor system

BACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion of liquid manure from flush dairy operations is an alternative to manure management practices with environmental benefits and producing biogas. A unique sequential reactor system was used to study the anaerobic digestion (AD) of flush dairy manure with the aim of determining (1) the effects of organic strength of the influent on AD performance; (2) whether phase separation is beneficial to treatment and AD design; and (3) whether there is any difference between completely mixed and plug-flow approaches to implementing the AD process. RESULTS: The influent with high organic strength resulted in higher levels of biogas production and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/solids removal. When the manure stream is used as influent for the anaerobic digestion, the phenomenon of two-stage anaerobic digestion process does not exist because the stream contained high levels of alkalinity and volatile fatty acids. The biogas production and COD/solids destruction achieved by plug-flow and completely mixed reactor were very similar when treating the liquid manure stream. CONCLUSION: The organic strength of the influent significantly influenced AD performance. The plug-flow reactor and the completely mixed reactor had a similar AD performance. For the type of manure and organic loading rate investigated, the results give indications for designing an AD process in flush dairy operations. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of pH24 and intramuscular fat content on technological and sensory quality of pork.

The aim of this work was to estimate the influence of pH 24 and intramuscular fat content on culinary quality of meat. The research was executed on 60 hogs. The percent of meat in carcass after slaughter was estimated and the samples of Longissimus lumborum muscle for the next studies were taken. The fat and protein content, pH after 1, 3 and 24 h post mortem, natural drip loss, parameters of meat colour in the CIE L * a * b * system and cooking yield index characterising the meat efficiency after cooking process in LD muscle were determined. Moreover, sensory analysis of raw meat and meat after heat treatment was conducted. Statistical analysis of results was conducted by means of Statistica 6.0 PL software package by using the two-factor analysis of variance. The hogs studied were characterised by high meatiness (56.57-58.12%), a high content of protein (average 23%) and low natural drip loss (average 4.67%). In meat samples characterised by higher pH 24 a better sensory quality in relation to higher IMF was observed, however in meat samples characterised by lower pH 24 this relationship was not observed. Simultaneously, the influence of pH 24 and IMF content on the sensory quality of meat after heat treatment was determined using canonical analysis. The determination coefficient obtained indicated that the level of IMF and pH 24 post mortem determined in 59% the overall sensory quality of meat. Taking into consideration cooking yield and natural drip loss in explained variable set it was stated that the sensory quality of cooked meat was determined in 67% by these indicators. The results obtained indicated that based on the above-mentioned traits of meat it could be possible to select meat of proper quality as culinary meat, intended for sale.
Polymorphic Packing Arrangements in a Class of Engineered Organic Crystals

Polymorphism occurs in the family of engineered cocrystals that form from N,N ‘-bis(p-X-phenyl)melamines (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, and CF3) and barbital. X-ray powder diffraction indicates that only one crystalline phase formed for X = Cl, F, and CH3, that primarily one phase occurred for X = H and I, but that a small contribution from an alternative phase or phases was possibly also present, and that at least two different polymorphs exist for both X = Br and CF3. Agreement of positions of peaks in experimental XPD traces and reflections calculated from single-crystal data is good, while agreement in intensities is good in some cases but only fair in others. Reasons for this disagreement are likely to include the physical design of the diffractometer and preferred orientation of crystallites in the sample. Two of the polymorphic forms of X = Br are converted to a third on annealing at 140 °C. Steric effects seem the most probable origin of the polymorphism: the bromine-substituted diphenylmelamine crys.
Reducing defects on multi-walled carbon nanotube surfaces induced by low-power ultrasonic-assisted hydrochloric acid treatment

A simple method to prepare multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with high purity, high-aspect ratio and especially minimal defects is presented by low-power ultrasonic-assisted treatment of raw carbon nanotubes in hot concentrated hydrochloric acid under continuous reflux conditions. The evolution of surface morphology of MWCNTs during the treatment is evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and microstructure is characterised by Fourier transform infrared and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results show that with increasing the treatment time, the external layers with defects are peeled off piece by piece from the surface of MWCNTs until the inner graphite layers with good chemical resistance are exposed. The MWCNTs treated for less than 15 h by this method have been demonstrated to have minimal microstructural defects and large aspect ratios as compared to those treated in mixed concentrated nitric acid and sulphuric acid, which is further confirmed that almost no manganese dioxide particles can be anchored on the surface of the resulting MWCNTs due to their lack of the reactive defect sites.
Sindromul metabolic la copii

,33 µg/ml; p<0.001) lower in children with metabolic syndrome, compared to the control group. Regardless of the medication administered, all drug combination formulas contributed to the decrease in the degree of obesity, blood pressure values, blood fat levels, as well as serum insulin values in the interval of 3 months after the initiation of the medication. Conclusion: The causes of metabolic syndrome in children are multiple and involve interactions between genetic, environmental (sedentary, high-calorie diet), hormonal and metabolic factors that ultimately lead to the appearance of the conditions that characterize this syndrome. Hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, and increased serum PCRhs and TNFα values suggested that these adipokines/cytokines contribute to subclinical inflammation in children with MS and may also serve as biomarkers of MS. In combination with a low-calorie diet, regular exercise, and behavioral changes, treatment with gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors may help reduce the degree of obesity and hypertension, respectively.
Fabrication of 3-D Ni/Cu Multilayered Microstructure by Selective Etching of Ni

Fabrication of micrometer-sized, three-dimensional (3-D) Ni/Cu multilayered structures consisting of a stack of different sized disks using a wet process is investigated. A cylindrical micrometer-sized Ni/Cu multilayered structure is first fabricated using electroplating aided by photolithography, with Ni layers in the resulting structure then selective etched. The behavior of the oxidative dissolution of Ni and Cu films was studied electrochemically. Parameters for Ni film deposition were chosen to produce a film with a smooth surface morphology that was resistant to passivation by adding S to the plating bath. Cu film parameters were chosen to give a Cu layer with a smooth surface morphology. This allowed Ni layers in the Ni/Cu multilayered structures to be selectively etched under potentiostatic condition in sulfuric acid.
A study of cation environment and movement during dehydration and reduction of nickel-exchanged zeolite Y by x-ray absorption and diffraction

Using synchrotron radiation, we have monitored, by a combination of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), (1) the location of Ni 2+ ions in the hydrated form of nickel ion exchanged Y zeolite (Si/Al=2.25) at room temperature, (2) the environment and evidence of movement of Ni 2+ ions upon heating the zeolite to 300°C in vacuo, and (3) the changes in local environment of the nickel brought about by subsequent reduction in hydrogen
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER QUALITY AND AGGREGATE STABILITY UNDER EIGHT POTATO CROPPING SEQUENCES IN A FINE SANDY LOAM OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

Soil degradation and soil organic matter (SOM) reduction have long been suspected to occur under intensive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Prince Edward Island. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight potato cropping sequences involving barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and barley under-seeded with red clover on aggregate stability and SOM properties of a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Total C and N, light-fraction (density < 1.7 g cm−3) C (LF-C) and light-fraction N (LF-N), microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrate content, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and aggregate stability were determined in the 0- to 15-cm soil layer in the 6th and 10th years of the trial. Average C and N contents were 20 to 27% greater in sequences that included 3 or 4 yr of potatoes and a high frequency of red clover than in a 9-yr potato sequence; and were attributed to the less frequent tillage and h.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Bacillus megaterium on Apatite Dissolution

Field observations suggest that some mineral dissolution rates can be enhanced by microbial activity indirectly, without direct contact with the mineral surface. A series of apatite dissolution experiments was performed to better understand this rate enhancement process. Far-from equilibrium abiotic apatite dissolution rates, measured in mixed-flow reactors at 25°C were enhanced by increasing concentration of aqueous organic acids and decreasing aqueous phosphate activity, demonstrating the existence of indirect pathways for microbial rate enhancement. Further apatite dissolution experiments were performed in closed-system reactors in the presence of Bacillus megaterium , a common heterotrophic aerobe. Experiments were designed to allow the bacteria to be either in direct contact or indirect contact with the apatite; in the latter case, the microbes were physically separated from the apatite using dialysis bags. Apatite dissolution in indirect contact with Bacillus megaterium was 50 to 900% faster than abiotic controls. Bacterial rate enhancement was, however, 3 to over 10 times lower when Bacillus megaterium was in direct contract versus indirect contact with the apatite surfaces. These results show that (1) bacteria can accelerate rates without being in physical contact with the dissolving mineral, and (2) microbially mediated dissolution may be less effective when bacteria are in direct contact with mineral surfaces. Supression of mineral dissolution is interpreted to stem from the preferential colonization of reactive sites on the mineral surface.
Roselike Microstructures Formed by Direct In Situ Hydrothermal Synthesis: From Superhydrophilicity to Superhydrophobicity

We describe the fabrication of roselike microstructures by the direct in situ hydrothermal synthesis method. The as-prepared roselike microstructure film exhibits excellent superhydrophilic properties, absorbing a water droplet of 4 μL in less than 40 ms. Moreover, after a further modification with a self-assembled monolayer of octyltrimethoxysilane, the film changes its wetting properties from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity with a contact angle as high as 154° and a tilt angle lower than 3°.
Microlithographic behavior of transition metal oxide resists exposed to focused ion beam

Basic properties of transition metal oxide films as a high‐resolution, negative working ion resist have been studied experimentally for focused ion beam (FIB) exposure. Thin amorphous films of WO3, MoO3, V2O5 and a mixture thereof were formed on Si wafers and exposed to a 20–70 keV Ga+ FIB. Development after writing was performed by chemical etching. The resist sensitivity and the contrast were measured as a function of the accelerating voltage of the FIB. The dry etching durability of the delineated resist patterns and their selectivity with respect to Si were also evaluated for SF6 plasma etching. The details of the characteristics can be explained in terms of the physical and chemical properties of the resist material.
Modeling of experimental data for the adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using a low cost activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora

This paper presents the feasibility for the removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solution using an activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora bark. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The commonly applicable isotherms namely Freundlich and Langmuir equations are used for the prediction of isotherm parameters. A comparison of linear least-square method and a trial-and-error non-linear method are examined in Freundlich and Langmuir (Four forms) isotherms. The nature of adsorption isotherm feasibility was evaluated with dimensionless separation factors (RL). The dynamics of adsorption process was analyzed with Lagergren’s Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order kinetic equations. Thermodynamic parameters like the change in enthalpy (ΔHo), change in entropy (ΔSo) and change in Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) were evaluated and ΔGo shows a negative value whereas ΔHo shows the positive value indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The functional group characterization of the adsorbent was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability of activated carbon was analyzed using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA).
HIGH RESOLUTION GAS ADSORPTION STUDY ON ILLITES PERMUTED WITH VARIOUS CATIONS ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE ENERGETIC PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT Ar and N2 high resolution adsorption volumetry coupled to the Derivative Isotherm Simulation method was applied on nine homoionic illite samples (Li −, Na − K − Rb − Cs − Mg − Ca − Sr − and Ba − illites). By comparing the adsorption isotherms it appears that the nature of the surface cation strongly influences the adsorption mechanisms. The lateral and basal surface areas can only be derived from argon adsorption on monovalent samples. The argon adsorption energies varv with the nature of the surface compensating cation. Both cation size and electronegativity are involved. These interactions can, in first approach, be expressed in terms of surface tensionsγsv LW. Specific interactions appear when nitrogen is used revealing high energy adsorption sites located on basal faces. These sites could be related to some polar properties of the surface.
Turbulent Flow and Combustion in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines with Detailed Chemical Kinetics

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines have the potential to achieve higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions compared with conventional Internal Combustion (IC) engines. However, the organization of HCCI engine combustion is extremely critical in order to take advantage of HCCI combustion. In this dissertation, an integrated numerical solver (named CKL solver) has been developed by integrating the original KIVA-3V solver with CHEMKIN and Large Eddy Simulation. This integrated solver has been validated by comparing the numerical results with the available experimental results, and has been employed to evaluate the combustion performance of the innovative HCCI combustion strategy with the Internal Mixing and Reformation (IMR) chamber that was proposed in the present study. The results show that: (1) the CKL solver can provide detailed information on HCCI combustion in terms of turbulent flow structures, temperature fields, concentration fields of all species involved including emissions (NOx, CO, HC), engine performance (indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), heat release rate (HRR), thermal efficiency), and sprayflow interactions. (2) the CKL solver predicts the averaged pressure, IMEP, thermal efficiency, emissions and HRR which are in good agreement with corresponding experimental data, proving that the CKL solver can be applied to practical engineering applications with the accuracy, depending on the intake temperature values, for IMEP of 5-10%, and for peak pressure of 1-7.5%. (3) the functions of the IMR chamber have been demonstrated and evaluated, showing that the IMR technology is a promising combustion strategy and needs further investigation in the future.
Non-metal redox kinetics : hypobromite and hypoiodite reactions with cyanide and the hydrolysis of cyanogen halides

Pulsed-accelerated-flow spectroscopy is used to measure second-order rate constants (where the initial half-lives are 3-9 μs) for the reactions of cyanide ion with OBr and with OI - (25.0 o C, μ=1.00 M). The proposed mechanism includes parallel paths with halogen-cation transfer to CN - by solvent-assisted reaction with OX - (X=Br, I) and by direct reaction with HOX