Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Philadelphia Panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on selected rehabilitation interventions for shoulder pain.

INTRODUCTION A structured and rigorous methodology was developed for the formulation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (EBCPGs), then was used to develop EBCPGs for selected rehabilitation interventions for the management of shoulder pain. METHODS Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies was identified and synthesized using methods defined by the Cochrane Collaboration that minimize bias by using a systematic approach to literature search, study selection, data extraction, and data synthesis. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible. The strength of evidence was graded as level I for RCTs or level II for nonrandomized studies. DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS An expert panel was formed by inviting stakeholder professional organizations to nominate a representative. This panel developed a set of criteria for grading the strength of both the evidence and the recommendation. The panel decided that evidence of clinically important benefit (defined as 15% greater relative to a control based on panel expertise and empiric results) in patient-important outcomes was required for a recommendation. Statistical significance was also required but was insufficient alone. Patient-important outcomes were decided by consensus as being pain, function, patient global assessment, quality of life, and return to work, providing that these outcomes were assessed with a scale for which measurement reliability and validity have been established. VALIDATING THE RECOMMENDATIONS A feedback survey questionnaire was sent to 324 practitioners from 6 professional organizations. The response rate was 51%. RESULTS Only 1 positive recommendation of clinical benefit was developed. Ultrasound provided clinically important pain relief relative to a control for patients with calcific tendinitis in the short term (less than 2 months). There was good agreement with this recommendation from practitioners (75%). For several interventions and indications (eg, thermotherapy, therapeutic exercise, massage, electrical stimulation, mechanical traction), there was a lack of evidence regarding efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This methodology of developing EBCPGs provides a structured approach to assessing the literature and developing EBCPGs that incorporates clinicians' feedback and is widely acceptable to practicing clinicians. Further well-designed RCTs are warranted regarding the use of several interventions for patients with shoulder pain where evidence was insufficient to make recommendations.
Asking The Participants: Students' Views on Their Environmental Attitudes, Behaviours, Motivators and Barriers

This study investigated student views on the relationship between their environmental attitudes and behaviours and their thoughts about barriers and motivators to environmentally responsible behaviours. The environmental attitudes and behaviours of students participating in a classroom-based environmental education program were measured using two Likert scales that had been tested for internal consistency and validity using the Rasch polytomous measurement model. Focus groups were held for students to comment on the results from the two questionnaires and provide suggestions with regards to the barriers and motivators influencing their behaviour. The findings of the study support previous research about the relationship between attitude and behaviour and the students' comments on the results provided insight that has not been widely reported elsewhere. Conclusions were drawn regarding the most significant barriers to specific environmental behaviours for high school students and how environmental education programs could be designed and delivered more effectively in secondary schools with the aim of engendering environmentally responsible behaviours in students.
Numerical computation of cross‐coupled algebraic Riccati equations related to H2/H∞ control problem for singularly perturbed systems

In this paper, we present a numerical algorithm to the cross‐coupled algebraic Riccati equations(CARE) related to H2/H∞ control problems for singularly perturbed systems (SPS) by means of Newton's method. The resulting algorithm can be widely used to solve Nash game problems and robust control problems because the CARE is solvable even if the quadratic term has an indefinite sign. We prove that the resulting iterative algorithm has the property of the quadratic convergence. Using the solution of the CARE, we construct the high‐order approximate H2/H∞ controller. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addition of Single-Dose Tenofovir and Emtricitabine to Intrapartum Nevirapine to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission

Objective:To determine the impact of adjuvant single-dose peripartum tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) on intrapartum/early postpartum HIV transmission. Methods:In the setting of routine short-course zidovudine (ZDV) and peripartum nevirapine (NVP) for perinatal HIV prevention, participants were randomized to single-dose TDF (300 mg)/FTC (200 mg) or to no intervention in labor. Six-week infant HIV infection was compared according to actual-use drug regimens. Results:Of 397 women randomized, 355 (89%) had infants who were alive and active at 6 weeks postpartum. Of these, 18 (5.1%) were infected in utero and 6 (1.8%) were infected intrapartum/early postpartum. Among the 243 who used ZDV and NVP, intrapartum/early postpartum transmission was not reduced among infants whose mothers received TDF/FTC compared with those who did not (2 of 123 [1.6%] vs. 3 of 109 [2.8%]; P = 0.67). Among the 49 infants whose mothers did not receive antenatal ZDV but who had confirmed NVP ingestion, transmission similarly did not differ (0 of 19 [0%] vs. 1 of 26 [3.4%]). TDF/FTC was not significantly associated with reduced overall transmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 1.6), even when other antiretroviral drugs were considered (adjusted OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.3 to 1.8). Conclusions:Adjuvant peripartum single-dose TDF/FTC did not reduce perinatal transmission. Whether a higher dose might be effective remains unknown but should be studied in settings in which NVP is used without antenatal ZDV.
Fast ICA based algorithm for building detection from VHR imagery

In the recent past there is increased interest in detection and extraction of buildings using object based approaches on given high to very high resolution imagery. In this paper, we introduce a new unsupervised approach to detect buildings from the very high resolution (VHR) multispectral satellite image. Independent component analysis (ICA) followed by Otsu thresholding is used for extraction of multicoloured buildings of diversified size and shape. QuickBird image of Legaspi city has been used to analyze the technique and detection results obtained from three subset images indicate average detection percentage of 84.35 % along with 38.19 % branch factor value. Object-level evaluation results give 72.48% for fully detected buildings count.
Low-cost and robust evaluation of information retrieval systems

Research in Information Retrieval has progressed against a background of rapidly increasing corpus size and heterogeneity, with every advance in technology quickly followed by a desire to organize and search more unstructured, more heterogeneous, and even bigger corpora. But as retrieval problems get larger and more complicated, evaluating the ranking performance of a retrieval engine gets harder: evaluation requires human judgments of the relevance of documents to queries, and for very large corpora the cost of acquiring these judgments may be insurmountable. This cost limits the types of problems researchers can study as well as the data they can be studied on. We present methods for understanding performance differences between retrieval engines in the presence of missing and noisy relevance judgments. The work introduces a model of the cost of experimentation that incorporates the cost of human judgments as well as the cost of drawing incorrect conclusions about differences between engines in both the training and testing phases of engine development. Through adopting a view of evaluation that is more concerned with distributions over performance differences rather than estimates of absolute performance, the expected cost can be minimized so as to reliably differentiate between engines with less than 1% of the human effort that has been used in past experiments.
Missense mutations in the AFG3L2 proteolytic domain account for ∼1.5% of European autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 28 is an autosomal dominant form of cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) caused by mutations in AFG3L2, a gene that encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial m‐AAA protease. We screened 366 primarily Caucasian ADCA families, negative for the most common triplet expansions, for point mutations in AFG3L2 using DHPLC. Whole‐gene deletions were excluded in 300 of the patients, and duplications were excluded in 129 patients. We found six missense mutations in nine unrelated index cases (9/366, 2.6%): c.1961C>T (p.Thr654Ile) in exon 15, c.1996A>G (p.Met666Val), c.1997T>G (p.Met666Arg), c.1997T>C (p.Met666Thr), c.2011G>A (p.Gly671Arg), and c.2012G>A (p.Gly671Glu) in exon 16. All mutated amino acids were located in the C‐terminal proteolytic domain. In available cases, we demonstrated the mutations segregated with the disease. Mutated amino acids are highly conserved, and bioinformatic analysis indicates the substitutions are likely deleterious. This investigation demonstrates that SCA28 accounts for ∼3% of ADCA Caucasian cases negative for triplet expansions and, in extenso, to ∼1.5% of all ADCA. We further confirm both the involvement of AFG3L2 gene in SCA28 and the presence of a mutational hotspot in exons 15–16. Screening for SCA28, is warranted in patients who test negative for more common SCAs and present with a slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia accompanied by oculomotor signs. Hum Mutat 31:1–8, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Year : 2010 Association of childhood trauma with cognitive function in healthy adults : a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Animal and human studies suggest that stress experienced early in life has detrimental consequences on brain development, including brain regions involved in cognitive function. Cognitive changes are cardinal features of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Early-life trauma is a major risk factor for these disorders. Only few studies have measured the long-term consequences of childhood trauma on cognitive function in healthy adults. METHODS: In this pilot study, we investigated the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and cognitive function in 47 healthy adults, who were identified as part of a larger study from the general population in Wichita, KS. We used the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and the Wide-Range-Achievement-Test (WRAT-3) to examine cognitive function and individual achievement. Type and severity of childhood trauma was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression on CANTAB measures with primary predictors (CTQ scales) and potential confounders (age, sex, education, income). RESULTS: Specific CTQ scales were significantly associated with measures of cognitive function. Emotional abuse was associated with impaired spatial working memory performance. Physical neglect correlated with impaired spatial working memory and pattern recognition memory. Sexual abuse and physical neglect were negatively associated with WRAT-3 scores. However, the association did not reach the significance level of p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that physical neglect and emotional abuse might be associated with memory deficits in adulthood, which in turn might pose a risk factor for the development of psychopathology. Majer et al. BMC Neurology 2010, 10:61 http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2377/10/61 Open Access R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E © 2010 Majer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research article Association of childhood trauma with cognitive function in healthy adults: a pilot study Matthias Majer1,2, Urs M Nater1,2, Jin-Mann S Lin2, Lucile Capuron3 and William C Reeves*2
Effect of l‐Carnitine Pretreatment on 3‐Nitropropionic Acid‐Induced Inhibition of Rat Brain Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity

Abstract: l‐Carnitine (LC) plays an important regulatory role in the mitochondrial transport of long chain free fatty acids (FFA). 3‐Nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA) is known to induce cellular energy deficit and oxidative stress‐related neurotoxicity via an irreversible inhibition of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). In the present study, activity of SDH was measured in order to evaluate neuroprotective effects of LC against the 3‐NPA‐induced neurotoxicity. Male, CD Sprague‐Dawley rats, three months old, were injected with either 50 or 100 mg/kg of LC, i.p., 30 min prior to 3‐NPA (30 mg/kg, s.c.) or with 3‐NPA alone. The activity of brain SDH was quantified spectrophotometrically in caudate nucleus (CN), frontal cortex (FC), and hippocampus (HIP) 60 min after the 3‐NPA injection. The SDH activity in the animals treated with 3‐NPA alone was 38% (CN), 50% (FC), and 36% (HIP) that of saline controls. Pretreatment with LC prior to 3‐NPA injection attenuated decreases of SDH activity by approximately 15 and 29% (LC low and high dose, respectively). Despite the attenuation of SDH inhibition, the activity of SDH in these regions remained significantly lower in treated than in control rats (p < 0.05). It appears that the protective effect of LC against 3‐NPA‐induced oxidative stress cannot be explained by the direct action of LC to interfere with the SDH inhibition but are rather achieved by LC actions downstream of the SDH inhibition.
Cancer in Fanconi anemia, 1927–2001

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease associated with an abnormal response to DNA damage. Although FA is well known for the association of aplastic anemia and characteristic birth defects, leukemia and solid tumors also occur at a high rate in this group of patients. A review of all reported cases is informative with regard to the specific types of cancer, the ages at which they occur, and the cumulative probability of their development.
Hindbrain Ischemia Produced by Bilateral Vertebral Artery Occlusion and Moderate Hypotension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hindbrain ischemia was induced by bilateral vertebral artery occlusion and moderate hypotension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Mean arterial blood pressure was lowered to 80 mmHg in SHRs and to 50 mmHg in Wistar- Kyoto rats (WKYs) by a controlled hemorrhage, and then the vertebral artery was bilaterally occluded through alar foramina of the first cervical vertebra. Following vertebral occlusion, blood flow of the cerebellum was significantly decreased to 9.4±2.0 mL/100g/min ( ± SEM) while flow of the cerebrum remained at 32.1±5.4 in SHRs. In contrast, cerebellar blood flow in WKYs was preserved at 24.2±2.9 mL/100g/min. Brain lactate, pyruvate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined in SHRs after sixty minutes of hypotension with or without vertebral occlusion. Although infratentorial metabolites were actually unaltered in rats with hypotension alone, infratentorial lactate and lactate/pyr uvate ratio significantly increased to 14.38±3.61 mmol/kg and 67.7±12.1, re spectively, with a concomitant decrease in ATP in SHRs with hypotension and vertebral occlusion. Bilateral vertebral artery occlusion, together with moderate hypotension, was shown to produce a marked reduction of cerebellar blood flow and to induce ischemic metabolic changes in the infratentorial brain in SHRs.
Effects of Exercise Training on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis

Objective To provide a quantitative synthesis of randomized controlled trials examining the effect of exercise training on symptomatic fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published between 1960 and October 2012 by using the key words “fatigue,” OR “tiredness,” OR “energy,” OR “mood,” OR “lassitude,” AND “exercise,” OR “physical activity,” OR “rehabilitation,” OR “fitness” WITH “multiple sclerosis. ” The initial search resulted in 311 articles, of which 74 were reviewed in detail and 17 met the inclusion criteria and provided enough data to compute effect sizes (ESs; Cohen d). The meta-analysis was conducted using a meta-analysis software program, and a random-effects model was used to calculate the overall ES, expressed as Hedge g. Results The weighted mean ES from 17 randomized controlled trials with 568 participants with MS was 0.45 (standard error = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.68, z = 3.88, p ⩽ .001). The weighted mean ES was slightly heterogeneous (Q = 29.9, df = 16, p = .019). Conclusions The cumulative evidence supports that exercise training is associated with a significant small reduction in fatigue among persons with MS.
A novel Sec‐independent periplasmic protein translocation pathway in Escherichia coli

The trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) reductase of Escherichia coli is a soluble periplasmic molybdoenzyme. The precursor of this enzyme possesses a cleavable N‐terminal signal sequence which contains a twin‐arginine motif. By using various moa, mob and mod mutants defective in different steps of molybdocofactor biosynthesis, we demonstrate that acquisition of the molybdocofactor in the cytoplasm is a prerequisite for the translocation of the TMAO reductase. The activation and translocation of the TMAO reductase precursor are post‐translational processes, and activation is dissociable from translocation. The export of the TMAO reductase is driven mainly by the proton motive force, whereas sodium azide exhibits a limited effect on the export. The most intriguing observation is that translocation of the TMAO reductase across the cytoplasmic membrane is independent of the SecY, SecE, SecA and SecB proteins. Depletion of Ffh, a core component of the signal recognition particle of E.coli, appears to have a slight effect on the export of the TMAO reductase. These results strongly suggest that the translocation of the molybdoenzyme TMAO reductase into the periplasm uses a mechanism fundamentally different from general protein translocation.
Mapping a corpus-induced ontology of action verbs on ItalWordNet

Action verbs are the least predictable linguistic type for bilingual dictionaries and they cause major problems for NLP technologies. This is not only because of language specific phraseology, but it is rather a consequence of the peculiar way each language categorizes events. In ordinary languages the most frequent action verbs are “general”, since they extend productively to actions belonging to different ontological types. Moreover, each language categorizes actions in its own way and therefore the cross-linguistic reference to everyday activities is puzzling. A cross-linguistic stable ontology of actions is difficult to achieve because our knowledge on the actual variation of verbs across types of actions is largely unknown. This paper briefly presents the problems and the building strategies of the IMAGACT Ontology, which aims at filling this gap, and compares some early results on a set of Italian verbs with the information contained in ItalWordNet. 1 The Semantic Variation of Action verbs within and across Languages Action verbs refer to at least an eventuality where an agent/causer theta role fills its argument structure. In all language modalities, action verbs bear the basic information that should be processed in order to make sense of a sentence. Especially in speech, they are the most frequent structuring elements (Moneglia and Panunzi, 2007), but unfortunately no one-to-one correspondence can be established between an action verb, conceived as a lexical entry, and an action type, conceived as an ontological entity. For instance, the English verb to take can refer to qualitatively different actions. In some uses the agent assumes the control of an object and changes its location (1); in some other uses the agent receives the object (2); in other cases, the agent takes the object away from somebody else (3): (1) John takes the umbrella
Quantum efficiency of a channel electron multiplier in the far ultraviolet.

Variation of the quantum efficiency of a channel electron multiplier (CEM) in the wavelength range from 1200 to 2536 A is studied. Emphasis is on measurement of CEM sensitivity longward of 1500 A. Results indicate an overall rapid decrease in quantum efficiency with increasing wavelength, with little evidence for a possible change in slope in the range from 2000 to 2500 A. The lowest efficiency measured is 4.5 + or -2.5 times 10 to the minus ninth count/photon at 2536 A. These efficiencies should ensure that unwanted radiation longward of 1500 A can be effectively removed from the bandpass of the instrument.
Distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones among health care facilities in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. .

A previous surveillance study conducted in 12 hospitals in New York City in 1996 identified a unique multidrug-resistant genetic lineage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that was widespread and accounted for as much as 42% of all the MRSA isolates. The purpose of the study described here was to determine possible geographic spread of this New York clone of MRSA to neighboring states. Single-patient MRSA isolates (258) from 29 health care facilities in Connecticut (CT), New Jersey (NJ), and Pennsylvania (PA) were collected during the calendar year 1998. DNA typing, consisting of fingerprinting of chromosomal macrorestriction patterns generated by SmaI digestion followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), identified 22 patterns. PFGE type A, closely related to the PFGE type of the previously identified New York clone, accounted for 154 (60%) of 258 isolates. The clone was detected in all facilities, was predominant in 19 of the 29 health care centers, and accounted for 92% of the MRSA isolates collected in PA. The overwhelming majority of MRSA with PFGE type A was also resistant to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. One of the two most common PFGE subtypes detected in the three states sampled (PFGE subtype A1) had an identical PFGE pattern to that of the previously described vancomycin-resistant strain of S. aureus (VISA) recently detected in a hospital in Westchester, NY. The second most frequent MRSA clone with PFGE type E and accounting for 26% (68/258 isolates), also described earlier in the 12 New York City hospitals, was resistant not only to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin, but also to gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim as well. The unique multidrug resistance pattern of this second clone and its geographic distribution accounted for the differences observed in the frequency of multidrug resistance among MRSA isolates recovered in the three states. The pandemic Iberian clone recently detected in New York City was not detected among the 258 MRSA isolates recovered in CT, NJ, and PA.