Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHINA: THE AGING GIANT WITH AN ACHILLES HEEL

idogrel caused prolonged slow bleeding, resulting in this delayed presentation. A CT scan was not performed earlier because of mixed and controversial evidence about the necessity of performing a head CT scan after every fall. In elderly people, diagnosis is difficult, because ASDHs can occur without any external head injury, and in patients with dementia it is difficult to obtain history of an unwitnessed fall. In long-term care units (nursing homes and assisted living facilities) monitoring for behavioral and mental status changes in patients with dementia may not be adequate or accurate. The New Orleans Criteria (NOC), the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR,) and the CT in Head Injury Patients Prediction Rule studies have identified predictors to guide the use of head CT scanning in patients with MHI. Other studies have validated the NOC and CCHR studies, but none of them have been widely accepted for use in the United States. These studies show that a head CT scan is indicated in patients aged 60 to 65 and older with MHI. There are no specific clinical parameters to guide CT scanning in elderly patients. Elderly people are a unique group and are more vulnerable to intracranial bleeding, because they are more likely to fall, many take anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, and they have generally developed cerebral atrophy. A prospective study consisting of elderly patients is needed to obtain a better understanding, but our experience suggests that, to prevent the adverse consequences of missing a diagnosis of ASDH in an elderly person with dementia, a head CT scan may be required after every fall and follow-up scans may have to be done as appropriate in a patient taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents.
Studies on the life budget of Aedes aegypti in Wat Samphaya, Bangkok, Thailand.

For a complete understanding of the epidemiology of a vector-borne disease, a knowledge of the bionomics of the vector is needed. The development of Aedes aegypti was studied in Wat Samphaya, Bangkok, Thailand, where work on the adult biology had been carried out the previous year (1966-67). Particular attention was given to the variation in the numbers of immature stages of the mosquito in relation to the known seasonal incidence of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Of the three types of water container in the Wat, water jars were the main source of adults, flower pot plates were less important, and the contribution of ant traps was insignificant.The variation in the numbers of emerging adults depended on changes in the mortality of the immature stages rather than on variations in the numbers of eggs laid. Both early and late larval instar mortalities are important, the former becoming more significant during the period March-August. The mortality between the eggs and second-instar larvae is density-dependent. There was no clear trend of association between mortality and season except for a fall in larval mortality in April-May preceding the increase in annual incidence of haemorrhagic fever, which usually occurs in June.
The haemoglobins of Nippostrongylus muris (Yokagawa) and Strongylus spp

From time to time, in connexion with work on the metabolism of parasitic nemaodes, attention has been drawn to the presence of haemoglobin in a number of species. Aducco (1889) observed that the red colour of Dioctophyme renale is due to a pigment resembling vertebrate haemoglobin. More recently haemoglobin has been recorded in Ascaris lumbricoides and Parascaris equorum (Keilin 1925), in Nematodirus, Ostertagia and other Trichostrongylidae of sheep (Davey 1938) and in Camallanus (Wharton 1938). Among tissue parasites the pigment was demonstrated y Stannard, McCoy & Latchford (1938) in Trichinella larvae and by v. Brand (1937) in a larval Eustrongylides from the mesentery of Fundulus. The presence of haemoglobins in parasitic worms has been suggested as evidence that they were essential to supply oxygen to the oxidative systems (Davey 1938; Brand 1938). But not all authors presented evidence that the haemoglobins they observed were different from the haemoglobin of the host. Keilin (1925), however, observed that Ascaris lumbricoides contains two haemoglobins which could be distinguished spectroscopically from each other and from the host haemoglobin. These pigments were re-examined by Davenport (1949) and were found to have extremely high oxygen affinities, the consequence of a very low deoxygenation velocity. The oxygen equilibrium relations of the haemoglobins could not be determined directly but it was shown that Ascarisis capable of bringing about deoxygenation of the body-wall haemoglobin when kept under anaerobic conditions. Similarly Aducco (1889) observed that the haemoglobin of Dioctophyme is extremely resistant to deoxygenation in vacuo.
Growth patterns of Filipino children indicate potential compensatory growth

Background: The extent to which compensatory growth can occur after 2 years of age among children who were stunted in infancy has been questioned due, in part, to limitations in the data used to explore the issue. Aim: This study uses longitudinal data with multiple measurements over the entirety of the growth period to explore the potential for post-infancy compensatory growth in a developing country context. Subjects and methods: Data comes from >2000 Filipino youths from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Anthropometric data were collected bimonthly from 0 to 2 years, and at mean ages of 8, 11.5, 15.5 and 18.5 years. Growth indicators and influences on growth are compared among three groups: those that improved, tracked or worsened in change in height-for-age Z-score from 2 to 18.5 years of age. Results: Those that improved in growth from 2 to 18.5 years grew slowest before 2 years of age, while the opposite was true among those that worsened. The reversal took place during the prepubescent growth spurt. Those that improved tended to have less educated but taller mothers. Regression to the mean and the potential for compensatory growth are discussed.
Effect of Nonlinearity on PMD Compensation in a Single-Channel 10-Gb/s NRZ System

We simulate a 2000-km 10-Gb/s single-channel NRZ system with different polarization mode dispersion compensation (PMDC) techniques and compare the effectiveness of compensation with linear and nonlinear signal propagation. Significant differences are found between the results of PMDC with and without nonlinearity for all the compensation techniques that are examined. An analysis of PMDC based on linear propagation would not properly characterize PMDC in the nonlinear case. A three-stage compensator controlled by optimizing the signal eye opening is found to give large performance improvement with nonlinear propagation compared to single-stage PMDC.
Compensating, Resisting, and Breaking: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Reactions to Self-Esteem Threat

Much research has identified how people react to receiving threatening information about the self. The purpose of this article is to discuss such experiences in the context of a model of state self-esteem regulation. The authors propose that people engage in one of three regulatory responses to threat: compensation, resistance, and breaking. They conduct a meta-analysis aimed to examine when people engage in each of these three responses to threat and how trait self-esteem affects the selection and success of selecting each regulatory response. Furthermore, the authors test six theoretical models that might explain why responses to ego threat vary across level of trait self-esteem. The models for differences between people with low and high trait self-esteem that fit the data best suggest that (a) self-esteem serves as a resource and (b) there is a self-verification motivation.
Pricing of American Options Using Linear Complementarity Formulation: Methods and Their Evaluation

We systematically evaluate five methods for the solution of the American Option Pricing Problem in its Linear Complementarity Formulation. These include Projected Successive OverRelaxation (PSOR), which is iterative and one of the most popular methods for solving this problem, and four new methods. The new methods are based on the notion of the "moving index", recently introduced by the authors, which made it possible to produce efficient direct techniques for solving this problem. Three of the new methods used in this work are direct. These are the original Moving Index method (MI), the Direct Inverse Multiplication method (DIM) and a stable version of it (SDIM). The evaluation shows that all three direct methods clearly outperform the (iterative) PSOR method. Furthermore, in order to enhance the performance of iterative schemes, we combined the moving index technique with PSOR, thus deriving an improved version of it (IPSOR), which turned out to be about twice as fast as PSOR. However IPSOR is still too slow in comparison with all three direct methods. A principal conclusion is that exploitation of the moving index approach leads to great improvements in computational speed and that (new) direct methods outperform iterative ones for this problem. Finally, amongst the three direct methods, MI seems to be superior, while DIM and SDIM offer efficient alternatives in some cases. Our evaluation is based on realistic data and instances of characteristic model problems, typically encountered in the financial markets.
Cultural sublimation: The museumizing of Indonesia

Mouse goes everywhere, through rich men's houses she creeps, and she visits even the poorest. At night, with her bright little eyes she watches the doing of secret things and no treasure chamber is safe that she cannot enter and see what is hidden there. In the olden days she wove a story child from all she saw and to each of these she gave a gown of a different color-white, red, blue or black. The stories became her children and lived in her house and served her because she had no children of her own.
Type of at tack y Offloading rate x Safe / Fast mode z Security Agent

Mobile cloud computing enables mobile devices such as smartphones to offload data to clouds via access points or base stations to reduce energy consumption and improve their user experience. However, mobile offloading is vulnerable to smart attackers that can exploit software defined radios to perform multiple types of attacks, such as spoofing and jamming, based on the status of radio environments and the offloading process. In this paper, a mobile offloading game against smart attacks, in which a mobile device chooses its offloading rate, a smart attacker chooses the type of its attack, and a security agent decides whether to initiate full data protection for the offloading, is investigated. The interactions among a mobile device, a smart attacker and a security agent are formulated as a secure mobile offloading game. The Nash equilibrium (NE) and its existence conditions are provided for the static secure offloading game. A Q-learning based mobile offloading strategy is proposed for dynamic environments to address smart attacks, in which the mobile device is unaware of the system parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed offloading strategy improves both the offloading rate and the security performance.
Single-Chip Receiver for 1.25 Gb/s Over 50-m SI-POF

This letter presents a single chip receiver for short-reach high-speed applications through low-cost plastic optical fiber. It compensates the limited bandwidth caused by the fiber and the external photodiode. The prototype contains a transimpedance amplifier, a continuous-time adaptive equalizer, a limiting amplifier, and a clock and data recovery circuit. Experimentally, we have obtained 1.25 Gb/s transmission for a simple nonreturn to zero modulation in an optical link composed of 50 m of step-index polymer optical fiber and a large area Si p-i-n photodetector. It achieves a power under 110 mW at only 1 V of supply voltage.
The Quantification of Decision Support Benefits Within the Context of Value Analysis

Traditional cost-benefit approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of decision support systems are generally regarded as inadequate. More recent approaches account for the intangible benefit overlooked by traditional cost-benefit analysis, but still attempt to express benefits in terms of costs. This paper focuses on a value analysis. It advocates a methodology for (1) identifying significant intangible benefits for a specific decision support system (2) quantifying these benefits in value terms, and (3) establishing a decision rule for identifying the significance of the proposed system. Finally, an alternative approach at deriving the benefit utilities is examined.
Comparison of holmium laser and pneumatic lithotripsy in managing upper-ureteral stones.

OBJECTIVE To compare the success rates and complications of Lithoclast and holmium laser-assisted ureterorenoscopy (URS) in managing upper-ureteral stones. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the records of 394 patients with upper-ureteral stone who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy at our institution from January 2000 to December 2005. In 193 patients (mean stone size 12.3 mm), pneumatic lithotripsy was used; in 201 patients (mean stone size 11.5 mm), laser lithotripsy was performed. Patients were monitored as outpatients at 2 weeks, at 3 months, and then annually with a kidneys, ureters, and bladder radiograph and ultrasonography. Patients with migrated stones or incomplete clearance underwent an auxiliary procedure such as shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) or repeated URS. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months. RESULTS Fragmentation of stones to fine pieces that pass eventually was assessed at 2 weeks. This did not include proximal migration of a stone or fragments that required auxiliary treatment. This occurred in 166/193 (86.01%) patients in the Lithoclast group and in 195/201 (97.01%) in the laser group. Ureteral perforations were nine in the Lithoclast group and six in the laser group. Auxiliary procedures included SWL (27/193 [13.98%] patients in the Lithoclast group and 4/201 [1.99%] patients in the laser group) or repeated URS (two in the Lithoclast group). Urosepsis after URS occurred in 11/193 patients in the Lithoclast group and 5/201 patients in the laser group. CONCLUSION In our study, the fragmentation rates of holmium laser-assisted ureteroscopy were significantly better in the upper ureter. The complications and the need for auxiliary procedures were significantly less for holmium laser-assisted ureteroscopy when compared with pneumatic lithotripsy.
Simple models of legged locomotion based on compliant limb behavior = Grundmodelle pedaler Lokomotion basierend auf nachgiebigem Beinverhalten

In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden einfache Modelle zur Beinlokomotion unter der gemeinsamen Hypothese entwickelt, dass die beiden grundlegenden und als verschieden angesehenen Gangarten Gehen und Rennen auf ein allgemeines Konzept zuruckgefuhrt werden konnen, welches in den Standphasen allein auf nachgiebigem Beinverhalten beruht. Hierbei wird auf der Ebene der mechanischen Beschreibung der Gangarten nachgiebiges Beinverhalten mittels des vom Rennen bekannten Masse-Feder-Modells abstrahiert. Zunachst wird eine vergleichsweise einfache, analytische Naherungslosung desselben identifiziert; in einem weiteren Schritt wird die charakteristische Geschwindigkeit des Gangartwechsels aus federartigem Beinverhalten erklart; und schlieslich wird ein zweibeiniges Masse-Feder-Modell fur Gehen vorgeschlagen, welches die beobachteten Bodenreaktionskrafte dieser Gangart beschreibt. Auf der Ebene der neuromechanischen Beschreibung wird aufgezeigt, wie das mit einer mechanischen Feder abstrahierte Beinverhalten durch eine positive Ruckkopplung der Muskelkraft dezentral und autonom innerhalb des Muskelskelettapparats erzeugt werden kann. Schlieslich werden die Einzelergebnisse der Arbeit zusammengefasst, wobei die beiden fundamentalen Gangarten Gehen und Rennen innerhalb des zweibeinigen Masse-Feder-Modells vereinigt werden und die Bedeutung dieses, auf nachgiebigem Beinverhalten beruhenden Zusammenschlusses sowohl fur die biomechanische und motorische Grundlagenforschung als auch fur Anwendungen in der Robotik, Rehabilitation und Prothetik erortert wird.
A novel xanthone dimer derivative with antibacterial activity isolated from the bark of Garcinia mangostana

Abstract A novel xanthone dimer derivative, garmoxanthone (1), together with 10 known compounds (2–11), were isolated from bark of Garcinia mangostana. Their structures were established through spectroscopic methods. Garmoxanthone exhibited strong inhibitory activities against MRSA ATCC 43300 and MRSA CGMCC 1.12409 (with MIC values of both 3.9 μg/mL) and moderate activities against tested strains of Vibrio (with MIC values ranging from 15.6 to 31.2 μg/mL). Garmoxanthone is a unique xanthone dimer with linkage of a fused 5/6 ring system and its absolute configuration was elucidated on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism. Garmoxanthone exhibited strong antibacterial activity which partially validated the ethnobotanical use of G. mangostana in the treatment of infections.
Core losses under DC bias condition based on Steinmetz parameters

When designing inductive components, calculating core losses is a difficult and not yet entirely solved problem. In particular it is impossible to predict the influence of a DC premagnetization on the losses without performing extensive measurements. For this work, different materials have been tested to gain information how core losses are influenced by a premagnetization. Measurements on molypermalloy powder, silicon steel, nanocrystalline material, and ferrite cores have been performed. Of the tested materials, a premagnetization mainly influences losses in ferrites and nanocrystalline materials, whereas the influence of a premagnetization in molypermalloy powder cores, and cores of silicon steel is negligible. The Steinmetz Premag-netization Graph (SPG) that shows the dependency of the Steinmetz parameters (α, β and k) on premagnetization is introduced. This permits the calculation of core losses under DC bias conditions. Such graphs are given for different materials and different operating temperatures. In addition, a detailed description of the test system is given, as high accuracy is crucial.
Simultaneous targeting of ATM and Mcl-1 increases cisplatin sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT Development of cisplatin-resistance is an obstacle in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapeutics. To investigate which molecules are associated with cisplatin-resistance, we analyzed expression profiles of several DNA repair and anti-apoptosis associated molecules in parental (A549P and H157P) and cisplatin-resistant (A549CisR and H157CisR) NSCLC cells. We detected constitutively upregulated nuclear ATM and cytosolic Mcl-1 molcules in cisplatin-resistant cells compared with parental cells. Increased levels of phosphorylated ATM (p-ATM) and its downstream molecules, CHK2, p-CHK2, p-53, and p-p53 were also detected in cisplatin-resistant cells, suggesting an activation of ATM signaling in these cells. Upon inhibition of ATM and Mcl-1 expression/activity using specific inhibitors of ATM and/or Mcl-1, we found significantly enhanced cisplatin-cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis of A549CisR cells after cisplatin treatment. Several A549CisR-derived cell lines, including ATM knocked down (A549CisR-siATM), Mcl-1 knocked down (A549CisR-shMcl1), ATM/Mcl-1 double knocked down (A549CisR-siATM/shMcl1) as well as scramble control (A549CisR-sc), were then developed. Higher cisplatin-cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis were observed in A549CisR-siATM, A549CisR-shMcl1, and A549CisR-siATM/shMcl1 cells compared with A549CisR-sc cells, and the most significant effect was shown in A549CisR-siATM/shMcl1 cells. In in vivo mice studies using subcutaneous xenograft mouse models developed with A549CisR-sc and A549CisR-siATM/shMcl1 cells, significant tumor regression in A549CisR-siATM/shMcl1 cells-derived xenografts was observed after cisplatin injection, but not in A549CisR-sc cells-derived xenografts. Finally, inhibitor studies revealed activation of Erk signaling pathway was most important in upregulation of ATM and Mcl-1 molcules in cisplatin-resistant cells. These studies suggest that simultaneous blocking of ATM/Mcl-1 molcules or downstream Erk signaling may recover the cisplatin-resistance of lung cancer.
Agency ownership, patient payment source, and length of service in home care, 1992 2000.

PURPOSE Little is known about whether an association exists between agency ownership and length of service among home care patients with different payment sources. This study investigated how for-profit and not-for-profit agencies responded to policy changes in the 1990s with respect to length of service. DESIGN AND METHODS We examined length of service among 37,364 home care patients using the 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000 National Home and Hospice Care Surveys. We used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models. RESULTS After we adjusted for patient and agency characteristics, our results revealed that agency ownership was not associated with length of service for patients with private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, Medicare plus Medicaid, or Medicare plus private insurance. This finding was consistent from 1992 through 2000. Length of service among patients with Medicare decreased significantly from 1998 through 2000, but length of service among patients with Medicaid did not change significantly from 1992 through 2000. IMPLICATIONS Agency ownership is not associated with patient length of service in home care. Regardless of the policy changes in the home care arena in the 1990s, for-profit and not-for-profit home health agencies behaved similarly with regard to length of service among patients within differently structured payment systems.
Should we quantify insulin resistance in patients with renal disease? (Review Article)

SUMMARY: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Vascular disease develops before the initiation of dialysis, and it is now recognized that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Death from cardiovascular disease is a more common endpoint of CKD than progression to dialysis. There are multiple mechanisms that contribute to the increased vascular risk of CKD, one of which is the presence of insulin resistance (IR). CKD is characterised by many features of the metabolic syndrome, and features of IR are also observed in dialysis and transplant patients. IR may be quantified by several different methods. One such method is homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) technique, which derives a measurement of IR from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. The HOMA index has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of survival in dialysis patients. CKD is characterised by a chronic inflammatory response and abnormalities in the production and regulation of adipose tissue derived proteins, which may contribute to the development of IR. There are a range of interventions including diet and exercise programmes or medications that may influence IR; however, the impact of these interventions in the context of CKD has not been systematically evaluated.
Accurate and Diverse Recommendations via Integrated Communities of Interest and Trustable Neighbors

Considering the users' complete spectrum of interests, the limitation of current research on recommender systems lies in that they have only paid attention to improving the accuracy of recommendation algorithms while neglected the diversification of recommendations. In this paper, we integrated a user preference matching algorithm based on communities of interests and a diverse information recommendation algorithm based on trustable neighbors to develop a hybrid information recommendation model that allows for both accuracy and diversity. Results of experiment and evaluation indicated this model can increase the diversity of recommendations with only a minimal accuracy loss.