Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das Kambrium: Als das Leben „explodierte”︁ und eine völlig neue Welt entstand

Das Kambrium repräsentiert den frühesten Zeitabschnitt der Erdgeschichte, welcher uns durch die Überlieferung von Fossilien eine detaillierte Rekonstruktion der damaligen Lebens‐ und Sedimentationsräume ermöglicht. Nach oberproterozoischen Vereisungsphasen stellte sich mit dem Kambrium ein „warm house”︁‐Klima ein; bedeutende globale Meeresspiegelanstiege und paläogeographische Veränderungen schufen den Rahmen für die „Kambrische Explosion”︁. Während dieser innovativsten Phase der Evolution erschienen innerhalb eines geologische relativ kurzen Zeitraumes alle heute bekannten (zuzüglich kurz darauf wieder erloschener) tierischen Baupläne — einschließlich der ersten Chordaten. Diese explosionsartige Diversifizierung der Lebewelt führte zu grundlegenden Neustrukturierungen globaler Stoffkreisläufe und veränderte die Sphären unseres Planeten nachhaltig. Mit dem Einsetzen des Kambriums entstanden die uns heute noch vertrauten Grundmuster ökologischer Zusammenhänge sowie — mit der Räuber‐Beute‐Beziehung — ein neuer hocheffizienter Evolutionsmotor.
In Silico Cloning of Novel Endothelial-Specific Genes

The endothelium plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes and is known to be an exceptionally active transcriptional site. To advance our understanding of endothelial cell biology and to elucidate potential pharmaceutical targets, we developed a new database screening approach to permit identification of novel endothelial-specific genes. The UniGene gene index was screened using high stringency BLAST against a pool of endothelial expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and a pool of nonendothelial ESTs constructed from cell-type-specific dbEST libraries. UniGene clusters with matches in the endothelial pool and no matches in the nonendothelial pool were selected. The UniGene/EST approach was then combined with serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) library subtraction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to further examine interesting clusters. Four novel genes were identified and labeled: endothelial cell-specific molecules (ECSM) 1-3 and magic roundabout (similar to the axon guidance protein roundabout). In summary, we present a powerful novel approach for comparative expression analysis combining two datamining strategies followed by experimental verification.
Cephalometric Appraisal of the Sella Turcica- A Literature Review

The sella turcica is considered an important landmark in orthodontics as it is used extensively in various cephalometric analyses be it for diagnosis, evaluation of growth or treatment results. In order to recognize deviations from the norm, one needs to be familiar with normal radiographic anatomy as well as morphologic variability. A review of the literature was conducted regarding the norms and variations in size, shape, morphology and bridging of the sella turcica as evidenced by cephalometric evaluation. Literature search was carried out using the following keywords: Sella Turcica, Sella Bridging, Sella Size and Morphology. Search engines: PubMed and Google Scholar were utilised, followed by hand search. The purpose of the review is to provide an insight into detection of subclinical and potentially pathologic conditions during regular orthodontic pretreatment assessments.
Stereotypic behavior and productivity of sows.

The behavior of 37 gestating sows in different parities was observed around day 85 of pregnancy. Seventeen sows exhibited stereotypic behavior for 54.9 ± 4.8% of the 8-h observation period. The total time the sows spent standing and sitting was correlated with age (rs = 0.43, P < 0.01) and was significantly different (P < 0.001) for sows which performed stereotypic behavior S than for sows that did not N. S sows had fewer piglets born alive (P < 0.1) but mean litter weights at 3 wk (P = 0.48) did not differ from those of N sows. The time spent on stereotypic behavior within the S group, however, was positively correlated with the number of piglets born alive (rs = 0.5, P < 0.05). Results indicate that the performance of stereotypic behavior in individually housed gestating sows correlates with litter size. Key words: Stereotypic behavior, gestating sow, productivity, housing
Sénescence d’un pied de maïs : évolution de la floraison à la récolte

Chez les especes monocarpiques telles que le mais, la senescence des feuilles est coordonnee avec celle de la plante entiere et sous l’influence du fonctionnement reproductif. L’objectif de ce travail etait de decrire l’evolution de la senescence du mais selon deux axes : (1) l’axe de la plante entiere, ou les differents etages foliaires sont consideres chacun comme une entite, et (2) l’axe foliaire, ou la dynamique de trois symptomes macroscopiques de la senescence sur chaque feuille prise individuellement, selon des zones allant de la pointe vers la base du limbe de la feuille, a ete prise en consideration. Sur une culture au champ, des pieds et des feuilles de mais ont ete suivis ou echantillonnes de la floraison a la recolte. Les dynamiques des teneurs en eau, en matiere seche et en chlorophylle sont differentes, aussi bien le long d’une feuille qu’entre les rangs de feuilles. De plus, la teneur en chlorophylle dans la plante suit une dynamique plus complexe que celles de l’eau et de la matiere seche.
Response to Pyrotinib in a Chinese Patient with Bone-Metastatic Scrotal Paget’s Disease Harboring Triple Uncommon HER2 Mutation: A Case Report

Background Previous studies have suggested the efficacy of HER2 antibody (trastuzumab) in scrotal Paget’s disease with HER2 amplification or overexpression. However, no report about the effectiveness of HER2 inhibitor (pyrotinib) in those patients has been provided until now. Case Presentation We present a case of a Chinese patient with bone-metastatic scrotal Paget’s disease harboring triple uncommon HER2 mutations (R678Q/S310Y/S310F). Due to poor conditions (severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, ECOG PS3), this patient could not tolerate traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Then, the patient participated in a registered clinical trial (NCT03239015) about basket trial for intractable cancer. The patient received pyrotinib (400 mg po qd) and achieved a partial response for 4.0 months. Conclusion This is the first report describing a patient with scrotal Paget’s disease harboring triple uncommon HER2 mutation who responds well to pyrotinib. This case suggested that HER2 mutation is also a potential biomarker for treatment in extramammary Paget’s disease and pyrotinib may be an ideal choice for these patients.
Distribution of chromosomal forms of Nannospalax nehringi (Satunin, 1898) (Rodentia: Spalacidae) in Çankırı and Çorum provinces, Turkey

Mole rats have adapted to living underground and have a wide range chromosomal variation in Turkey, ranging between 2n = 36 and 2n = 60. This study was performed on the subterranean mole rats of the Nannospalax nehringi (Nehring, 1898), sampled around Cankiri and Corum provinces in central Anatolia, and the karyotypes of 91 specimens across 38 localities were analyzed. Different chromosomal forms that have the same 2n values were assigned letters according to their geographic locations in Turkey: C for central forms, N for northern forms, S for southern forms, E for eastern forms, and W for western forms. It was determined that N. nehring has 2n = 54C, NF = 74; 2n = 56N, NF = 72; 2n = 58N, NF = 74, and 2 different forms of 2n = 60 (NF = 78, NF = 82) in these areas. This study filled the gaps in distribution of blind mole rat chromosomal forms around Cankiri and Corum provinces. The distribution areas of 2n = 54C, 56N, 58N, and 60 forms in the area were brought to light.
Effect of depth of anesthesia on the phase lag entropy in patients undergoing general anesthesia by propofol

Abstract The PLEM100 (Inbody Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) is a device for measuring phase lag entropy (PLE), a recently developed index for the quantification of consciousness during sedation and general anesthesia. In the present study, we assessed changes in PLE along with the level of consciousness during the induction of general anesthesia using propofol. PLE was compared with the bispectral index (BIS), which is currently the most commonly used index of consciousness. After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval and written informed consent, we enrolled 15 patients (8 men, 7 women; mean age: 37 ± 9 years; mean height: 168 ± 8 cm; mean weight; 68 ± 11 kg) undergoing nasal bone reduction. PLE and BIS sensors were attached simultaneously, and general anesthesia was induced via target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. PLE and BIS scores were recorded when the calculated effect site concentration shown on the TCI pump was equal to the target concentrations of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, and 3.5 μg/mL (and at each 0.1 μg/mL increase, thereafter). Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) scores were also recorded until unconsciousness was achieved. Throughout the anesthesia period, all pairs of PLE and BIS data were collected using data acquisition software. The partial correlation coefficients between OAA/S scores and PLE, and between OAA/S scores and BIS were 0.778 (P < .001) and 0.846 (P < .001), respectively. Throughout the period of anesthesia, PLE and BIS exhibited a significant positive correlation. The partial correlation coefficient prior to the loss of consciousness was 0.838 (P < .001), and 0.669 (P < .001) following the loss of consciousness. Intra-class correlation between the 2 indices was 0.889 (P < .001) and 0.791 (P < .001) prior and following the loss of consciousness, respectively. PLE exhibited a strong and predictable correlation with both BIS and OAA/S scores. These results suggest that PLE is reliable for assessing the level of consciousness during sedation and general anesthesia.
Atopic dermatitis in Taiwanese children

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease associated with a personal or family history of atopic diseases. Determining the objective severity scoring of AD index (SCORAD) and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) to help to stage the severity (lesions extent and intensity of the lesions and then the itch and sleep disturbance they may cause) of AD in children. In this study, we adopted the SCORAD index, which consists of severity, area, and sleep disturbance, to evaluate the AD status of children up to 18 years old. We examined the blood levels of total serum IgE, white blood cell count/differential count (WBC/DC), eosinophil counts (EC), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and specific IgE. A total of 208 children with AD were enrolled in this study. Serum IgE values and a number of specific IgE that are positive significantly different SCORAD index through simple linear regression; however, after multiple linear regression, only IgE values (95% CI: 0.001–0.004, P < .001), total WBC count (95% CI: 0.112–1.736, P = .026), EC (95% CI: 0.045–6.706, P = .047), and specific IgE to Cheddar cheese (95% CI: 1.814–16.731, P = .015) remain different. After applying the Phi coefficient, we found that specific IgE to tuna (r = 0.632), codfish (r = 0.613), and clam (r = 0.613) each had a moderate correlation with specific IgE to Cheddar cheese. The 6 most common allergens were found to be mite (D. Farinae: 65.9%), mite (D. Pterony: 64.9%), house dust (47.6%), cockroach mix (37.0%), shrimp (30.8%), and crab (22.6%). Covariates of SCORAD index, severity, area, and sleep disturbance differed. In this study, we found that total IgE values, specific IgE values, WBC, EC, and specific IgE to Cheddar cheese have significant correlations with SCORAD index in AD of Taiwanese children.
Interleukin-1α and -1β assessment in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontal patients with chronic hepatitis C

The study assessed whether the increased production of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as a result of chronic hepatic inflammation, could be the expression of the negative impact on periodontal disease. The study included chronic periodontitis patients who were systemically healthy, chronic periodontitis patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C, as well as control patients, being systemically and periodontally healthy. After periodontal examination and the assessment of certain periodontal parameters, gingival crevicular fluid was collected from all participating patients. By using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, a quantitative assessment of IL-1α and IL-1β levels was possible. The immunologic results were correlated to the clinical periodontal data. The gingival fluid levels of cytokines were higher for periodontitis patients with chronic hepatitis C than for the systemically healthy periodontitis patients (1.8-fold higher for IL-1α and 2.1-fold higher for IL-1β). In addition, the gingival fluid cytokine levels were significantly higher for the periodontal patients (with/without chronic hepatitis C) than for the control group. Positive correlations were found between gingival fluid IL-1α and IL-1β levels and certain clinical periodontal parameters or the age of the viral hepatitis C diagnosis, in periodontitis patients with chronic hepatitis C. The chronic hepatic inflammation may have an important additional negative impact on the periodontal status, as both inflammatory reactions seem to be promoted by common pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Benefits of heroes to coping with mortality threats by providing perceptions of personal power and reducing unhealthy compensatory consumption

Abstract Mortality threats are among the strongest psychological threats that an individual can encounter. Previous research shows that mortality threats lead people to engage in unhealthy compensatory consumption (i.e., overeating), as a maladaptive coping response to threat. In this paper, we propose that reminders of heroes when experiencing mortality threat increases perceptions of personal power, which in turn buffers the need to engage in unhealthy compensatory consumption. We test and find support for our predictions in a series of four studies that include real‐world Twitter data after a series of terrorist attacks in 2016–2017, and three experimental studies conducted online and in the field with behavioral measures after Day of the Dead and during COVID‐19 pandemic. These findings advance the literature on compensatory consumption, mortality threats, and the psychological functions of heroes.
Ultrastructural Evidence for the Flawless Transmission of a Dicentric Chromosome in Aloe vera L.

Electronmicroscopic study has revealed a dicentric chromosome in the root tip cells of diploid Aloe vera, hitherto unreported in somatic cells of plants. The morphological aspects are described and the implications of such structural features of the dicentric are addressed in a functional perspective. It is also proposed that the presence of two functional kinetochores need not invariably lead to chromosome instability and loss.
Tenotomia artroscópica do músculo bíceps braquial em cadáveres de cães

The purpose of this study was the experimental evaluation of the arthroscopic brachial biceps tenotomy in dogs cadavers using needle, n° 15 scalpel blade and radiofrequency scalpel. The arthroscopic and instrumental portals were performed caudal and cranial to the acromial process, respectively. When necessary, an accessory instrumental portal, cranial and near the intertubercular groove was used too. Better sectional time and quality of the seccioned edges were showed by the radiofrequency scalpel and the n° 15 scalpel blade than the hypodermic needle. The break of the blade scalpel inside one joint was the main complication that occurred during the section tendon procedure. It was difficult to see the transition between the supraglenoidal tubercle and the tendon due the presence of sinovial hyperplasia. In this research there was a dificulty to cut a structure as a plica in the end of the procedure in all groups, which have not been described before. In conclusion the lateral and caudal arthroscopic and lateral and cranial instrumental portals were satisfactory for the arthroscopic brachial biceps tenotomy when the n° 15 scalpel blade and radiofrequency scalpel were used.
Metabolic function of hepatic hexokinase in perch, Perca fluviatilis

Feeding previously fasted perch with a carbohydrate-rich pelleted diet resulted in a rapid transient insulin response followed by a transient increase in the activity of the hepatic low-affinity hexokinase (glucokinase, GK). The activity of the high-affinity hexokinase (hexokinase, HK) increased more slowly and steadily to about seven times the fasting value on the 10th day after start of feeding, in parallel with an increase in the hepatic glycogen content. An insulin response was also observed when fasted perch were fed a diet consisting of boiled fillet of cod (a high-protein, very low-fat and practically carbohydrate-free diet). In this case no GK activity was observed, whereas the glycogen content increased steadily from the start of feeding to about the same level as when fish were given the carbohydrate-rich diet. There was a delayed increase in the activity of HK, starting on about the sixth day (after the glycogen stores were filled), concomitant with increased activities of lipogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATP citrate lyase and malic enzyme). The results are in line with the hypothesis that the mitochondria-bound hepatic HK has a particular anabolic function in glycogen and fat synthesis.
Beyond the Pathogen: Social and Behavioral Aspects of COVID‐19

COVID‐19 presents an existential challenge for millions of people and a generational challenge for the globe. Scientific research is the primary vehicle in humanity's attempts to understand the virus and mitigate its effects. Research on the pathogen is critically important. At the same time, COVID‐19's consequences are due to more than the pathogen. Social and behavioral science research is essential in understanding how to achieve the highest possible health and safety levels, and how to preserve and improve quality of life, within complex and interdependent societies. This article describes the social sciences’ role in this challenge and offers examples of its insights.
Suvorexant for the prevention of delirium

Abstract Background: Delirium is a frequently encountered complication, which is associated with increased mortality. Suvorexant, an approved agent for the treatment of insomnia, is recently suggested to be also effective for prevention of delirium by some authors. However, a consensus has yet to be reached. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to overall estimate the effectiveness of suvorexant in preventing delirium and its related consequences. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching online databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The pooled OR was calculated for binary outcomes (e.g., the incidence of delirium, mortality, or adverse events), while standardized mean difference (SMD) were expressed for continuous outcomes (e.g., time to delirium onset, length of stay in hospital and ICU, time on ventilation). Results: Seven studies which comprised 402 suvorexant treatment patients and 487 patients with control treatment were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, pooled analysis indicated the incidence of delirium could be significantly reduced (OR, 0.30; P < .001) and time to delirium onset was significantly lengthened (SMD, 0.44; P = .006) in patients undergoing suvorexant treatment compared with controls. Suvorexant had no beneficial effects on the secondary outcomes [length of stay in hospital (SMD, −0.65; P = .161) and ICU (SMD, 0.34; P = .297), time on ventilation (SMD, 1.09; P = .318), drug-related adverse events (OR, drug-related adverse events (OR, 1.66; P = .319) and mortality (OR, 2.21; P = .261)]. Subgroup analysis also confirmed the benefit of suvorexant on the development of delirium, which was significant in any subgroup. Conclusion: Suvorexant should be recommended for the prevention of delirium in clinic.
Growth and production of planktonic protozoa in Lake Michigan: In situ versus in vitro comparisons and importance to food web dynamics

Growth of an entire planktonic protozoan community in Lake Michigan (nanoflagellates, microflagellatcs, and ciliates) was measured on 10 dates in 1988-l 989 in fractionated lake water (<3, ~8, < 30, and < 153 pm) incubated in bottles (in vitro), while in June and July 1989, in vitro growth rate estimates were compared with in situ growth rates derived from the mitotic index. Comparisons of in situ vs. in vitro growth rates for the taxa assayed were similar, indicating that in vitro experiments provide reasonable estimates of protozoan growth, and these rates were similar to those measured from other oligotrophic/mesotrophic habitats. However, containment artifacts in some bottle experiments influenced community growth as some taxa experienced mortality in bottles, thus underscoring the importance of ccnsusing the entire community. Protozoa in Lake Michigan contribute significantly to both heterotrophic and phototrophic carbon pools; phototrophic llagcllates represented 24% of primary production, while heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates collectively constituted 40% of bacterial production. The fate of high bacterial production can be accounted for through grazing by both heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates, indicating the trophic importance of protozoa in Lake Michigan.
Evaluation of Volatile Compounds during the Fermentation Process of Yogurts by Streptococcus thermophilus Based on Odor Activity Value and Heat Map Analysis

The volatile composition of yogurt produced by Streptococcus thermophilus fermentation at different time points was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with simultaneous distillation and extraction. A total of 53 volatile compounds including 11 aldehydes, 10 ketones, 8 acids, 7 benzene derivatives, 13 hydrocarbons, and 4 other compounds were identified in all of the samples. Ketones and hydrocarbons were the predominant volatile components in the early stage, whereas acids were the predominant volatiles in the late stage. The importance of each volatile was evaluated based on odor, threshold, and odor activity values (OAVs). Twenty-nine volatiles were found to be odor-active compounds (OAV > 1), among which (E, E)-2,4-decadienal had the highest OAV (14623–22278). Other aldehydes and ketones such as octanal, dodecanal, 2-nonen-4-one, and 2-undecanone also showed high odor intensity during fermentation. Heat map analysis was employed to evaluate the differences during fermentation. The results demonstrated that the volatile profile based on the content and OAVs of volatile compounds enables the good differentiation of yogurt during fermentation.