Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism

We study two influential voting rules proposed in the 1890s by Phragmen and Thiele, which elect a committee of k candidates which proportionally represents the voters. Voters provide their preferences by approving an arbitrary number of candidates. Previous work has proposed proportionality axioms satisfied by Thiele's rule (now known as Proportional Approval Voting, PAV) but not by Phragmen's rule. By proposing two new proportionality axioms (laminar proportionality and priceability) satisfied by Phragmen but not Thiele, we show that the two rules achieve two distinct forms of proportional representation. Phragmen's rule ensures that all voters have a similar amount of influence on the committee, and Thiele's rule ensures a fair utility distribution. Thiele's rule is a welfarist voting rule (one that maximizes a function of voter utilities). We show that no welfarist rule can satisfy our new axioms, and we prove that no such rule can satisfy the core. Conversely, some welfarist fairness properties cannot be guaranteed by Phragmen-type rules. This formalizes the difference between the two types of proportionality. We then introduce an attractive committee rule which satisfies a property intermediate between the core and extended justified representation (EJR). It satisfies laminar proportionality, priceability, and is computable in polynomial time. We show that our new rule provides a logarithmic approximation to the core. On the other hand, PAV provides a factor-2 approximation to the core, and this factor is optimal for rules that are fair in the sense of the Pigou--Dalton principle. The full version of the paper is available at http://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.11747. pdf.
WSOD with PSNet and Box Regression

Weakly supervised object detection(WSOD) task uses only image-level annotations to train object detection task. WSOD does not require time-consuming instance-level annotations, so the study of this task has attracted more and more attention. Previous weakly supervised object detection methods iteratively update detectors and pseudo-labels, or use feature-based mask-out methods. Most of these methods do not generate complete and accurate proposals, often only the most discriminative parts of the object, or too many background areas. To solve this problem, we added the box regression module to the weakly supervised object detection network and proposed a proposal scoring network (PSNet) to supervise it. The box regression module modifies proposal to improve the IoU of proposal and ground truth. PSNet scores the proposal output from the box regression network and utilize the score to improve the box regression module. In addition, we take advantage of the PRS algorithm for generating a more accurate pseudo label to train the box regression module. Using these methods, we train the detector on the PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2012 and obtain significantly improved results.
An Examination of Efficiency during Walking in Children and Adults

This study compared metabolic, kinematic, and efficiency parameters in 10 boys and 10 men while walking at speeds of similar relative intensities. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored throughout the exercise and a sagittal view of the subject was filmed for biomechanical analysis. Angles of the hip, knee, and ankle changed with an increase in walking speed. There were kinematic differences between children and adults at the hip and knee. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (ml•kg−1•min−1) were greater in the children. There were no significant differences between children and adults when VO2 was normalized by body surface area rather than body mass. The work done by the body was greater in the adults, whereas the energy used was greater in the children. Therefore the children appeared less efficient. The reasons for the efficiency difference are not well documented. Scaling effects may be involved and therefore should be taken into consideration when comparing children and adults.
Lattice Configurations Determining Few Distances

We begin by revisiting a paper of Erdős and Fishburn, which posed the following question: given $k\in \mathbb{N}$, what is the maximum number of points in a plane that determine at most $k$ distinct distances, and can such optimal configurations be classified? We rigorously verify claims made in remarks in that paper, including the fact that the vertices of a regular polygon, with or without an additional point at the center, cannot form an optimal configuration for any $k\geq 7$. Further, we investigate configurations in both triangular and rectangular lattices studied by Erdős and Fishburn. We collect a large amount of data related to these and other configurations, some of which correct errors in the original paper, and we use that data and additional analysis to provide explanations and make conjectures.
Drivers affecting cloud ERP deployment decisions: an Australian study

Cloud-based Enterprise Resources Planning (Cloud ERP) is hosting an ERP system through the cloud environment. Cloud ERP is responsible for organisational business processes such as purchasing, financial, and human resource by providing a real-time infrastructure for the enterprise. With the development of technology, cloud ERP is noticed by more and more enterprises. Currently, limited researches have been conducted for cloud ERP systems in the Australian context. Furthermore, no studies have indicated how different perspectives (client company & consultant company) bring insights into the deployment decisions on cloud ERP. Hence, this research intends to understand drivers affecting cloud ERP deployment decisions from both the client company and the consultant company perspective in an Australian context. This paper identifies 31 relevant literature on cloud ERP adoption; 79 critical drivers affecting cloud ERP deployment decisions were identified from the selected literature, and those drivers are then categorized using the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework to develop the initial theoretical model. By conducting a Case Study Approach using a semi-structured interview and secondary resources analysis, findings are then compared to the theoretical model. As a result, an empirically validated model on drivers affecting cloud ERP deployment decisions from both client company and consultant company perspectives has been developed; this model contains 15 drivers and 7 of them are new. The theoretical and practical contributions of the findings are then outlined.
Adaptive estimation of multivariate piecewise polynomials and bounded variation functions by optimal decision trees

Proposed by \cite{donoho1997cart}, Dyadic CART is a nonparametric regression method which computes a globally optimal dyadic decision tree and fits piecewise constant functions in two dimensions. In this article we define and study Dyadic CART and a closely related estimator, namely Optimal Regression Tree (ORT), in the context of estimating piecewise smooth functions in general dimensions. More precisely, these optimal decision tree estimators fit piecewise polynomials of any given degree. Like Dyadic CART in two dimensions, we reason that these estimators can also be computed in polynomial time in the sample size via dynamic programming. We prove oracle inequalities for the finite sample risk of Dyadic CART and ORT which imply tight {risk} bounds for several function classes of interest. Firstly, they imply that the finite sample risk of ORT of {\em order} $r \geq 0$ is always bounded by $C k \frac{\log N}{N}$ ($N$ is the sample size) whenever the regression function is piecewise polynomial of degree $r$ on some reasonably regular axis aligned rectangular partition of the domain with at most $k$ rectangles. Beyond the univariate case, such guarantees are scarcely available in the literature for computationally efficient estimators. Secondly, our oracle inequalities uncover minimax rate optimality and adaptivity of the Dyadic CART estimator for function spaces with bounded variation. We consider two function spaces of recent interest where multivariate total variation denoising and univariate trend filtering are the state of the art methods. We show that Dyadic CART enjoys certain advantages over these estimators while still maintaining all their known guarantees.
The Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo of the Small Magellanic Cloud

Observations with the Wisconsin Mapper reveal a large, diffuse ionized halo that surrounds the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We present the first kinematic survey of an extended region around the galaxy, from to and covering . The ionized gas emission extends far beyond the central stellar component of the galaxy, reaching similar distances to that of the diffuse neutral halo traced by 21 cm observations. emission extends several degrees beyond the sensitivity of current H i surveys toward smaller galactic longitudes and more negative galactic latitudes. The velocity field of the ionized gas near the SMC appears similar to the neutral halo of the galaxy. Using the observed emission measure as a guide, we estimate the mass of this newly revealed ionized component to be roughly , which is comparable to the total neutral mass in the same region of . We find ratios of the total ionized gas mass divided by the total neutral plus ionized gas mass in three distinct subregions to be: (1) 46%–54% throughout the SMC and its extended halo, (2) 12%–32% in the SMC Tail that extends toward the Magellanic Bridge, and (3) 65%–79% in a filament that extends away from the SMC toward the Magellanic Stream. This newly discovered, coherent filament does not appear to have a well-structured neutral component and is also not coincident with two previously identified filaments traced by 21 cm emission within the Stream.
Zeeman Effect in Phase Space

The two-dimensional hydrogen atom in an external magnetic field is considered in the context of phase space. Using the solution of the Schrödinger equation in phase space, the Wigner function related to the Zeeman effect is calculated. For this purpose, the Bohlin mapping is used to transform the Coulomb potential into a harmonic oscillator problem. Then, it is possible to solve the Schrödinger equation easier by using the perturbation theory. The negativity parameter for this system is realised.
A Lifting Method for Generation Error Based Video Anomaly Detection

Using the generation error (GE) of a generative neural network (GNN) to detect video anomalies exhibited excellent performance. However, there are two problems when using the trained GNN models to detect anomalies. (1) Utilizing the frame-level GE to detect anomalies reduces the anomaly saliency, because anomalies usually only occur in local areas. (2) When multiple discriminants (a discriminant is an anomaly score sequence) are available, using the weighted sum to detect anomalies does not always perform better, and the weights are hard to tune. To address these problems, we propose an approach consist of two modules. Firstly, we replace the frame-level GE with the maximum of the block-level GEs in a frame to detect anomalies. Secondly, assuming that the stricter the anomaly threshold, the more reliable the anomaly detected, we propose a reliable-anomaly (R-anomaly) based strategy to aggregate multiple discriminants. We use the Ranomalies in the auxiliary discriminants to enhance their anomaly scores in the main discriminant. Experiments are carried out on UCSD and CUHK Avenue datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Cross-lingual Multi-speaker Text-to-speech Synthesis for Voice Cloning without Using Parallel Corpus for Unseen Speakers

We investigate a novel cross-lingual multi-speaker text-to-speech synthesis approach for generating high-quality native or accented speech for native/foreign seen/unseen speakers in English and Mandarin. The system consists of three separately trained components: an x-vector speaker encoder, a Tacotron-based synthesizer and a WaveNet vocoder. It is conditioned on 3 kinds of embeddings: (1) speaker embedding so that the system can be trained with speech from many speakers will little data from each speaker; (2) language embedding with shared phoneme inputs; (3) stress and tone embedding which improves naturalness of synthesized speech, especially for a tonal language like Mandarin. By adjusting the various embeddings, MOS results show that our method can generate high-quality natural and intelligible native speech for native/foreign seen/unseen speakers. Intelligibility and naturalness of accented speech is low as expected. Speaker similarity is good for native speech from native speakers. Interestingly, speaker similarity is also good for accented speech from foreign speakers. We also find that normalizing speaker embedding x-vectors by L2-norm normalization or whitening improves output quality a lot in many cases, and the WaveNet performance seems to be language-independent: our WaveNet is trained with Cantonese speech and can be used to generate Mandarin and English speech very well.
Generating Commit Messages from Git Diffs

Commit messages aid developers in their understanding of a continuously evolving codebase. However, developers not always document code changes properly. Automatically generating commit messages would relieve this burden on developers. Recently, a number of different works have demonstrated the feasibility of using methods from neural machine translation to generate commit messages. This work aims to reproduce a prominent research paper in this field, as well as attempt to improve upon their results by proposing a novel preprocessing technique. A reproduction of the reference neural machine translation model was able to achieve slightly better results on the same dataset. When applying more rigorous preprocessing, however, the performance dropped significantly. This demonstrates the inherent shortcoming of current commit message generation models, which perform well by memorizing certain constructs. Future research directions might include improving diff embeddings and focusing on specific groups of commits.
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Review on CXXC5, with data on DNA/RNA, on the protein encoded and where the gene is implicated. Identity Other names: CF5, RINF, WID HGNC (Hugo): CXXC5 Location: 5q31.2 Local order: From centromere to telomere: SPATA24-DNAJC18-ECSCR-TMEM173UBE2D2-CXXC5-PSD2-NRG2. Note: Orientation on forward strand. DNA/RNA Description The gene is on the plus strand and encompasses 35 kb of DNA. The exon number of gene is 3 and parts of the second and third exons encode the protein (ENSP00000302543). Transcription 1447 bp long mRNA; 969 bp long open reading frame. Pseudogene No reported pseudogenes. Local order of CXXC5 is shown together with leading and subsequent genes on chromosome 5. The direction of arrows indicates transcriptional directions on the chromosome and arrow sizes approximate gene sizes. CXXC5 (CXXC finger protein 5) Yasar P, Muyan M Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2014; 19(1) 2 Boxes are exons. The lines are introns. Shaded parts of the exon boxes are coding regions. Unshaded parts are noncoding regions. CXXC5 contains a nuclear localization signal adjacent to the CXXC-zinc finger domain.
Spin liquids in geometrically perfect triangular antiferromagnets

The cradle of quantum spin liquids, triangular antiferromagnets show strong proclivity to magnetic order and require deliberate tuning to stabilize a spin-liquid state. In this brief review, we juxtapose recent theoretical developments that trace the parameter regime of the spin-liquid phase, with experimental results for Co-based and Yb-based triangular antiferromagnets. Unconventional spin dynamics arising from both ordered and disordered ground states are discussed, and the notion of a geometrically perfect triangular system is scrutinized to demonstrate non-trivial imperfections that may assist magnetic frustration in stabilizing dynamic spin states with peculiar excitations.
Ações de enfermagem na prevenção de infecções relacionadas ao cateter venoso central: uma revisão integrativa

Objective: To identify nursing actions for the prevention of primary bloodstream infections. Method: It is an integrative literature review. We surveyed articles in online databases that addressed the prevention of central venous catheter-related infections. The studies were independently evaluated by two researchers, using an already validated collection instrument. Results: The sample was composed of 12 articles, where nine of them showed association of interventions through the care bundle, exhibiting great effectiveness in reducing infections. Three articles compared the use of sterile gauze and plastic film for the dressing. Conclusion: Evidences on nursing care to patients using central venous catheter serve as a basis to conduct an effective, safe, of good quality and low cost assistance.
Influencing Factors towards Internal Audit Effectiveness under the Ministry of Commerce, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

This paper aims to understand a wide range of diverse perspectives of the Cambodian government officers’ towards an internal audit department’s extended service effectiveness. It also explores how much successful of an internal audit department’s effectiveness since its 2007 establishment under the Ministry of Commerce (MOC), Kingdom of Cambodia. Also, how significant of determinant factors towards an internal audit department’s performance. This paper focuses on both primary and secondary resources. The secondary sources are used to design the main themes of the discourses deployed by the internal audit department while the primary the contemporary publications are supported. For data collection, this research uses a self-administrative technique through the samples of 277 questionnaires were contributed to government officers including audit and non-audit officers who are working in the Ministry of Commerce, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Pearson Correlation Coefficient, furthermore with multiple regression analysis had been applied through SAS enterprise. The medium positive relationships are shown through Pearson Correlation Coefficient between quality assurance factors and internal audit effectiveness. However, only three determinant factors, such as effective internal control system, quality of audit work, and organizational independence had significantly indicated internal audit effectiveness without violation of Multicollinearity based on
A Group of Midwifery Students' Beliefs Toward Mental Illnesses in Turkey

bsbd@balikesir.edu. tr www.bau-sbdergisi.com OZET AMAC: Bu arastirmada; Ruh Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Dersini alan ve almayan universite ogrencilerinin ruhsal hastaliklara yonelik inanclarinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. YONTEM: Kesitsel olarak uygulanan calismanin orneklemini arastirmaya katilmayi kabul eden Ege Universitesi Izmir Ataturk Saglik Yuksekokulu Ebelik Bolumu Ruh Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Dersi (RSHD) almayan, 62 ucuncu sinif ve RSHD alan 67 dorduncu sinif ogrencileri olusturmustur. Veri toplama araclari olarak Sosyodemografik Anket Formu ve Ruhsal Hastaliga Yonelik Inanclar Olcegi (RHIO) kullanilmistir. BULGULAR: Arastirma bulgularina gore; son sinif ogrencilerin RSHD almadan once ruh hastalarina yonelik kismen olumlu inanca (%53.7) sahip oldugu, dersi aldiktan sonra ise ogrencilerin inanclarinda %79.1 oraninda degisiklik oldugu saptanmistir. Inanc degisikligi yasayan bu ogrencilerin %85.1'i RSHD hakkindaki dusuncelerinin olumsuz inanclarinda azalma yonunde oldugunu belirtmislerdir. Ogrencilerin cogunlugu (%94.6) RSHD’nin gerekli bir ders oldugunu dusunmektedir. Arastirma bulgularina gore; ogrencilerin RSHD’ni alma durumu ile Ruhsal Hastaliga Yonelik Inanclar Olcegi’nin tehlikeli alt olcegi (t=-0.032,p=0.028) ve utanma alt olcegi (t=-3.31, p=0.000) arasinda fark istatistiksel olarak anlamli bulunmustur. SONUC: Arastirma sonucunda; ogrencilerin RSHD’ni aldiktan sonra ruhsal hastaliga yonelik olumlu inanclarinda yuksek oranda artis olmustur. RSHD’ni alan ogrencilerin almayan ogrencilere gore ruh hastalarini daha tehlikesiz gordugu ve ruh hastaliginin utanilacak bir hastalik olmadigina inandiklari saptanmistir.
Medical compared with surgical management in induced abortions and miscarriages

Each year approximately 11,000 induced abortions are performed in Finland, the majority of these women being younger than 25 years of age. Medical abortion with the antiprogestin mifepristone and the prostaglandin analogue misoprostol is increasingly being used instead of surgical method (dilatation of cervix and uterine evacuation with instruments). Similarly, miscarriages can be treated with medical or surgical management. Still, clinical outcomes of the medical treatment of miscarriage are not well established, and various different regimens exist. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and risk factors of repeat abortions and immediate post-abortal complications, focusing especially on the impact of the method of abortion. National health registries were used as a data source. Another part of the study was aimed at comparing the efficacy, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of the medical and surgical treatment of miscarriage. In national cohort, the risk of repeat abortion was associated with sociodemographic characteristics (parity, previous abortion, low socioeconomic status, being unmarried but cohabiting or single), but not with the method of abortion. The risk of repeat termination of pregnancy decreased with age, among women living in rural area, and when intrauterine devices or sterilization were planned for future contraception. The overall incidence of adverse events was 4-fold greater in the medical compared to the surgical abortion cohort. Hemorrhage and incomplete abortion were more common following medical abortion, but the incidence of infections did not differ. Medical and surgical treatment of miscarriage were compared in a randomized setting; the efficacy of the treatment did not differ. Medically treated patients were less satisfied with the treatment and had experienced more pain. In the cost analysis, the primary costs of the surgical treatment were higher, but more unexpected events and complications increased the secondary costs in the medical group. In summary, medical abortion offered a good alternative to surgical method without increasing the risk of repeat abortions, but with an increased risk of short-term adverse events. The medical method was efficient in treating miscarriages, and the majority of women were satisfied with the treatment. Neither of the methods was economically superior in treating miscarriage.
Fratura de estresse da tíbia: relato de caso

The authors report a tibial stress fracture in a 32 year-old man. His main complain was pain in the anteromedial portion of the knee. The clinical examination simulated a medial collateral ligament injury. The radiographic examination was normal. The MRI revealed a fracture of the anteromedial portion of the tibia. The need for MRI in selected cases is emphasized.