Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sources of Emotional Help Sought by Low Income Women of Mexican Descent

From a larger convenience sample of 315 women of Mexican descent, the focus of this secondary analysis of cross sectional data was a subset of 68 women who reported that they sought help for feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or depression within the last year. Women who sought help from professional sources had significantly higher depressive (CES-D) and PTSD (IES-R) symptoms than women who sought help from “other or multiple” sources that included friends. Women who sought help exclusively from family or from professionals scored over the CES-D and IES-R cutpoints. Results are useful for designing future research on help-seeking preferences of Latina women.
Some effects of Pco2 and pH on nerve tissue

1 Rat phrenic nerve preparations were used in vitro to study action potential amplitude and nerve conduction time under varying conditions of Pco2 and sodium bicarbonate concentration in the surrounding Krebs solution. 2 A correlation was found between action potential amplitude and pH but not between action potential amplitude and Pco2. 3 A better correlation was found between conduction time and pH than between conduction time and Pco2.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Relationships between bile acid levels and fetal complication rates

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), characterized by pruritus in the second half of pregnancy, entails an increased risk to the fetus. This study was designed to determine the incidence and fetal complication rates in ICP, and to define groups at increased risk. In an prospective cohort study conducted between February 1, 1999, and January 31, 2002, all 45,485 pregnancies in a defined region of Sweden (Västra Götaland) were screened for ICP, defined as otherwise unexplained pruritus of pregnancy in combination with fasting serum bile acid levels ≥10 μmol/L. Pruritus was reported by 937 (2.1%) women, and ICP was diagnosed in 693 (1.5%). Simple logistic regression analyses showed that the probability of fetal complications (spontaneous preterm deliveries, asphyxial events, and meconium staining of amniotic fluid, placenta, and membranes) increased by 1%–2% per additional μmol/L of serum bile acids. Complementary analyses showed that fetal complications did not arise until bile acid levels were ≥40 μmol/L. Gallstone disease and a family history of ICP were significantly (P < .001) more prevalent in the group of ICP patients with higher bile acid levels. In conclusion, we found an incidence of ICP in our population of 1.5%. From complication rates recorded prospectively, we could define a mild (81%) and a severe (19%) form of ICP, the latter with bile acid levels ≥40 μmol/L. No increase in fetal risk was detected in ICP patients with bile acid levels < 40 μmol/L, and we propose that these women be managed expectantly, which would significantly reduce the costs of medical care. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;40:467–474.)
Some aspects of the gastrointestinal microflora of germfree mice associated with cultured microfloras

Attempts are described to 'normalize' germfree mice by association with 3, 21 and 71 different intestinal bacterial cultures isolated from mice with an SPF flora. Germfree mice associated naturally with an SPF flora served as controls. Vital bacterial counts were determined by aerobic and anaerobic culture. Stomach and small intestine contained fewer bacteria per gram than caecum and large intestine. Aerobic vital counts from caecum and large intestine were higher in the experimental groups than in control mice. The aerobic and anaerobic flora in stomach and small intestine comprised mainly Gram-positive nonfusiform shaped rods. In the caecum and colon Gram-positive cocci predominated in the aerobic culture while in the anaerobic culture fusiform-shaped rods were prominent. Scanning electron microscopy of oesophagus, ileum, caecum and faeces demonstrated colonization of the oesophageal epithelium only after association with 71 bacterial strains; the filamentous bacteria present in the ileum of SPF mice were not found in the experimental groups and caecum and faeces contained mainly fusiform-shaped bacteria. Nonbacterial matter decreased in the caecum and faeces with increase in the complexity of the flora.
Evaluating the effects of peer localization on a BitTorrent-based P2P video-on-demand network

Video-on-demand (VoD) is a rapidly growing method for viewing and sharing video content over the Internet. However, video on demand consumes a significant amount of bandwidth, forcing content publishers and content delivery networks to examine approaches such as the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies to assist in video distribution. We study the performance impact of a peer localization strategy aimed at limiting traffic exchanges between autonomous systems such as Internet service providers (ISPs) in a P2P VoD setup. Our findings suggest that peer localization may improve streaming performance while reducing network traffic crossing autonomous systems, potentially benefitting both users and providers, respectively.
Histamine H1 receptor activation blocks two classes of potassium current, IK(rest) and IAHP to excite ferret vagal afferents

1 Intracellular recordings were made in intact and acutely dissociated vagal afferent neurones (nodose ganglion cells) of the ferret to investigate the membrane effects of histamine. 2 In current‐clamp or voltage‐clamp recordings, histamine (10 μm) depolarized the membrane potential (10 ± 0.8 mV; mean ±s.e.m.; n= 27) or produced an inward current of 1.6 ± 0.35 nA (n= 27) in ∼80% of the neurones. 3 Histamine (10 μm) also blocked the post‐spike slow after‐hyperpolarization (AHPslow) present in 80% of these neurones (95 ± 3.2%; n= 5). All neurones possessing AHPslow in ferret nodose were C fibre neurones; all AHPslow neurones had conduction velocities ≤ 1 m s−1(n= 7). 4 Both the histamine‐induced inward current and the block of AHPslow were concentration dependent and each had an estimated EC50 value of 2 μm. These histamine‐induced effects were mimicked by the histamine H1 receptor agonist 2‐(2‐aminoethyl)thiazole dihydrochloride (10 μm) and blocked by the H1 antagonists pyrilamine (100 nm) or diphenhydramine (100 nm). Schild plot analysis of the effect of pyrilamine on the histamine‐induced inward current revealed a pA2 value of 9.7, consistent with that expected for an H1 receptor. Neither impromidine (10 μm) nor R(−)‐α‐methylhistamine (10 μm), selective H2 or H3 agonists, respectively, significantly affected the membrane potential, input resistance or AHPslow. 5 The reversal potential (Vrev) for the histamine‐induced inward current was −84 ± 2.1 mV (n= 4). The Vrev for the histamine response shifted in a Nernstian manner with changes in the extracellular potassium concentration. Alterations in the extracellular chloride concentration had no significant effect on the Vrev of the histamine response (n= 3). The Vrev for the AHPslow was –85 ± 1.7 mV (n= 4). 6 These results indicate that histamine increases the excitability of ferret vagal afferent somata by interfering with two classes of potassium current: the resting or ‘leak’ potassium current (IK(rest)) and the potassium current underlying a post‐spike slow after‐hyper‐polarization (IAHP). Both these effects can occur in the same neurone and involve activation of the same histamine receptor subtype, the histamine H1 receptor.
Visualization and quantification of dentin structure using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Dentin was visualized using a new fluorescence technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Thirty extracted human teeth showing no clinical signs of caries were investigated. All teeth were horizontally sectioned to approximately 200 μm thickness and sections were subjected to different pretreatment conditions as follows: vacuum only, ultrasonication only, sodium hypochlorite only, sodium hypochlorite and vacuum, sodium hypochlorite and ultrasonication, and a combination of sodium hypochlorite, vacuum, and ultrasonication. Some samples were left untreated to serve as control. Following pretreatment, rhodamine 123 fluorescent dye was used for staining at concentrations ranging from 10 -3 to 10 -7 M for 1 to 24 h at pH 6.0, 6.5, or 7.4. Optical staining occurred at pH 7.4 and concentrations ≥ 10 -5 M over 3 h or longer. Surface images obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy were similar to those observed by scanning electron microscopy without the need for sample-altering conventional scanning electron microscope preparation techniques. Subsurface imaging to a depth of approximately 60 μm was achieved using confocal laser microscope techniques. This fluorescence technique offers a useful new alternative for visualization and quantification of dentin.
Neue Arbeitsformen und ökologisches Handeln

Die wissenschaftlichen Diskurse zur okologischen Tragfahigkeit der gegenwartigen Wirtschaftsweise und zur Modernisierung von Arbeit verlaufen weitgehend „autonom“. Diesen Schlus legt die Sichtung vorliegender Literatur zum Verhaltnis von neuen Arbeitsformen und okologischem Handeln nahe. Das mag verwundern, nach wenigstens 25 Jahren Umweltbewegung und der durch sie miterkampften Legitimitat der okologischen Frage auch im Wissenschaftssystem. Aber es verweist eben auch auf die disziplinare Verfassung dieses Systems und die Selbstreferentialitat vieler seiner Diskurse. Soweit man aus den disparaten Forschungsstrangen und Befunden Zusammenhangsannahmen ableiten kann, lassen sich diese in zwei Punkten kondensieren: Erstens erweitern die laufenden Prozesse der Dezentralisierung und Entgrenzung von Organisationen die Spielraume fur die Beschaftigten, okologische Verantwortung zu ubernehmen, sofern dem innerbetrieblich Relevanz beigemessen wird oder sie selbst entsprechende lebensweltliche Orientierungen in die Arbeit mitbringen. Die gleichzeitige Tendenz zur Okonomisierung innerbetrieblicher Koordinationsbeziehungen und Entscheidungen lauft dem allerdings, zweitens, entgegen – zumindest soweit okologisches Handeln nicht direkt zu verbesserter Rentabilitat beitragt oder sich auf externe Handlungszwange (legale oder legitimatorische) beziehen kann. Als arbeitspolitische Schlusfolgerung ergibt sich daraus, Spielraume fur okologisches Handeln verstarkt uber okonomische Kontextsteuerung zu fordern. Wissenschaftlich ware nach Moglichkeiten zu suchen, den okologischen und den arbeitspolitischen Diskurs starker miteinander zu verknupfen.
Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND Gut-selective blockade of lymphocyte trafficking by vedolizumab may constitute effective treatment for ulcerative colitis. METHODS We conducted two integrated randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of vedolizumab in patients with active disease. In the trial of induction therapy, 374 patients (cohort 1) received vedolizumab (at a dose of 300 mg) or placebo intravenously at weeks 0 and 2, and 521 patients (cohort 2) received open-label vedolizumab at weeks 0 and 2, with disease evaluation at week 6. In the trial of maintenance therapy, patients in either cohort who had a response to vedolizumab at week 6 were randomly assigned to continue receiving vedolizumab every 8 or 4 weeks or to switch to placebo for up to 52 weeks. A response was defined as a reduction in the Mayo Clinic score (range, 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating more active disease) of at least 3 points and a decrease of at least 30% from baseline, with an accompanying decrease in the rectal bleeding subscore of at least 1 point or an absolute rectal bleeding subscore of 0 or 1. RESULTS Response rates at week 6 were 47.1% and 25.5% among patients in the vedolizumab group and placebo group, respectively (difference with adjustment for stratification factors, 21.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.6 to 31.7; P<0.001). At week 52, 41.8% of patients who continued to receive vedolizumab every 8 weeks and 44.8% of patients who continued to receive vedolizumab every 4 weeks were in clinical remission (Mayo Clinic score ≤2 and no subscore >1), as compared with 15.9% of patients who switched to placebo (adjusted difference, 26.1 percentage points for vedolizumab every 8 weeks vs. placebo [95% CI, 14.9 to 37.2; P<0.001] and 29.1 percentage points for vedolizumab every 4 weeks vs. placebo [95% CI, 17.9 to 40.4; P<0.001]). The frequency of adverse events was similar in the vedolizumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab was more effective than placebo as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. (Funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals; GEMINI 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00783718.).
Activation of tryptophan hydroxylase by adenosine triphosphate, magnesium, and calcium.

The addition of 0.5 mM ATP and 5 mM Mg 2+ to a crude extract (35,000 x g supernatant) of a semipurified preparation (obtained by ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration) of tryptophan hydroxylase from rat brain stem induced a 40-60% increase in this enzymatic activity. The tryptophan hydroxylase remained in an activated state upon the removal of ATP and Mg 2+ by filtration through a Sephadex G-25 column. The activation probably involved a phosphorylation reaction, since adenosine, a well-known protein kinase inhibitor, reduced the effects of ATP and Mg 2+ . In addition, when ATP was replaced by 59-adenylylimidodiphosphate in the activating mixture, the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase remained unchanged, indicating that the terminal phosphate of ATP was required in the activating process. Although exogenous cyclic 39,59-AMP-dependent protein kinase was able to increase further the activating effect of ATP and Mg 2+ under some conditions (notably on the semipurified tryptophan hydroxylase), cyclic AMP failed to exert any effect on the enzyme in a crude extract. By contrast, when Ca 2+ was included in the assay mixture, the stimulatory effect of ATP and Mg 2+ on tryptophan hydroxylase activity was enhanced whatever the enzyme source. This effect of Ca 2+ was maximal (25-30%) with a 10 µM concentration of the cation. These results strongly suggest that a Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase may be involved in the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase induced by phosphorylating conditions. Kinetic analyses of tryptophan hydroxylase revealed that the apparent affinities of this enzyme for both tryptophan and DL-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin were increased under phosphorylating conditions.
Specimen Processing and Concentration of Chlamydia trachomatis Added Can Influence False-Negative Rates in the LCx Assay but Not in the APTIMA Combo 2 Assay When Testing for Inhibitors

ABSTRACT Inhibitors in clinical specimens can be detected by adding the target of nucleic acid amplification to the sample. Introduction of a Chlamydia trachomatis L2 434 preparation containing 12 elementary bodies (EBs) into first-void urine (FVU) from 225 nonpregnant women and 190 pregnant women before specimen processing by the assays produced false-negative rates of 0.48% (2 of 415 specimens) and 13% (44 of 338 specimens) by the APTIMA Combo 2 and the Chlamydia LCx tests, respectively. Reducing the amount of C. trachomatis added to one EB, a concentration closer to the APTIMA Combo 2 test cutoff, for a subset of 244 FVU specimens increased the number of specimens with false-negative results by the APTIMA Combo 2 assay to 7 (2.9%), suggesting that the strength of the input C. trachomatis per specimen has an influence on the number of specimens with false-negative results. Repeat testing after overnight storage and dilution decreased the APTIMA Combo 2 test false-negative rates to 0% (0 of 415 specimens) with the stronger inoculum and 0.8% (2 of 244 specimens) with the weaker inoculum; the false-negative rate of the LCx assay was reduced to 5.4% (18 of 334 specimens). When an additional 70 FVU specimens from women to which 12 EBs were added before specimen processing were tested by the LCx assay, 34 specimens had false-negative results, whereas 21 specimens had false-negative results when the C. trachomatis EBs were introduced after processing. Nine of the 21 specimens to which EBs were added after processing and all of the 34 urine specimens to which the target was added before processing remained falsely negative on repeat testing at a 1:2 dilution, suggesting that input C. trachomatis DNA was lost during processing by the LCx assay. In contrast, the APTIMA Combo 2 assay appears to have a higher sensitivity and either lost little nucleic acid during processing or demonstrated few problems with inhibitors of transcription-mediated amplification.
Transition to bluff-body dynamics in the wake of vertical-axis wind turbines

We present experimental data to demonstrate that the far wake of a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) exhibits features that are quantitatively similar to that of a circular cylinder with the same aspect ratio. For a fixed Reynolds number ( $Re\approx 0.8\times 10^{5}$ ) and variable tip-speed ratio, two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure the velocity field in the wake of four different laboratory-scale models: a 2-bladed, 3-bladed and 5-bladed VAWT, as well as a circular cylinder. With these measurements, we use spectral analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to evaluate statistics of the velocity field and investigate the large-scale coherent motions of the wake. In all cases, we observe three distinct regions in the VAWT wake: (i) the near wake, where periodic blade vortex shedding dominates; (ii) a transition region, where growth of a shear-layer instability occurs; (iii) the far wake, where bluff-body wake oscillations dominate. We define a dynamic solidity parameter, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{D}$ , that relates the characteristic scales of the flow to the streamwise transition location in the wake. In general, we find that increasing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{D}$ leads to an earlier transition, a greater initial velocity deficit and a faster rate of recovery in the wake. We propose a coordinate transformation using $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{D}$ in which the minimum velocity recovery profiles of the VAWT wake closely match that of the cylinder wake. The results have implications for manipulating VAWT wake recovery within a wind farm.
Topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage by amonafide and its structural analogs.

Treatment of SV40-infected monkey cells with amonafide (benzisoquinolinedione), an intercalative antitumor drug, resulted in rapid accumulation of linearized intracellular SV40 DNA molecules that were protein linked. Studies using purified mammalian DNA topoisomerase II have shown that amonafide and its structural analogs interfere with the breakage-rejoining reaction of the enzyme by stabilizing a reversible enzyme-DNA "cleavable complex. " Denaturation of the cleavable complex with sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in DNA cleavage and the covalent association of topoisomerase II polypeptides with the cleaved DNA. Unwinding measurements indicate that amonafide is a DNA intercalator. These results suggest that amonafide and its structural analogs (e.g., mitonafide) represent a new class of intercalative topoisomerase II-active antitumor drugs. Different from other topoisomerase II-active antitumor drugs, amonafide and mitonafide induce specific DNA cleavage at a single major site on pBR322 DNA. The strong site specificity of amonafide may allow detailed characterization of the intercalator-stabilized, topoisomerase II-DNA cleavable complex.
Effect of manipulating visual feedback parameters on eye and finger movements.

Thirteen healthy subjects were asked to maintain a constant index finger position in Experiment 1 or a constant eye position in Experiment 2 using visual feedback. The finger or eye position along with a stationary baseline target was displayed on an oscilloscope placed in front of the subject. Experiments 1 and 2 were carried out under sixteen combinations of delay and amplification of displacement on the screen (i.e., gain). In Experiment 1, increasing the gain in the visual feedback decreased the Root Mean Square (RMS) errors while increasing the delay increased these errors. An interaction between gains and delays was also observed in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the RMS errors were systematically higher than those recorded in Experiment 1 for the finger. No systematic pattern was recognized across all conditions of gains and delays for eye movements in Experiment 2. This study clearly illustrates differences in dynamics of motor control systems regulating eye and finger positions, respectively.
Binding affinity and quantity of estrogen receptor in peripheral blood monocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Binding affinity and quantity of the estrogen receptor in monocytes of patients with sys temic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. The tritiated-estradiol binding assay was performed using peripheral blood adherent cells (>95% monocytes) derived from six lupus patients (SLEDAI score: 2-30) and five age-comparable normal women during the mid- follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Dissociation constant (Kd) and number of binding sites (Ro) were estimated by Scatchard analysis. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were verified by using estrogen receptor-positive ZR75-1 human breast cancer cells. Kd and Ro of the type I receptor for the SLE patients were 12.2 ± 6.5 (nM) and 69.0 ± 42.4 ( x 1000/cell), respectively, while those of the normals were 14.5 ± 3.7 and 86.8 ± 23.4, respectively. Three patients displayed relatively low Kd or Ro values. While those low values fell within the mean —3 s.d. of the normal controls, precise statistical comparison was not possible. No clear correlation between the receptor parameters and the SLEDAI scores was noted. Although further studies of a larger number of samples are needed to conclude, these results suggest that peripheral blood monocytes of SLE patients express the estrogen receptor whose Kd and Ro are similar to those of normals.
Reactive Ion Etching Damage to Strained Si1-xGex Heterojunction Diodes

This work describes the experimental results of the effect of dry etching on the electrical characteristics of strained Si1-xGex/Si p+-n heterojunctions. An increase in the series resistance and a dominance in recombination current is noticed from the I-V characteristics of the dry etched devices. A degradation in the device characteristics due to the introduction of active states at the interface is seen in the high frequency C-V measurements. This indicates that the process induced damage can introduce mis-fit dislocations at the silicon and silicon germanium interface which in turn seriously limit the electrical characteristics of the device.
Evaluation of the Role of Phosphatidylserine Translocase Activity in ABCA1-mediated Lipid Efflux*

The following two theories for the mechanism of ABCA1 in lipid efflux to apolipoprotein acceptors have been proposed: 1) that ABCA1 directly binds the apolipoprotein ligand and then facilitates lipid efflux and 2) that ABCA1 acts as a phosphatidylserine (PS) translocase, increasing PS levels in the plasma membrane exofacial leaflet, and that this is sufficient to facilitate apolipoprotein binding and lipid assembly. Upon induction of ABCA1 in RAW264.7 cells by cAMP analogues there was a moderate increase in cell surface PS as detected by annexin V binding, whereas apoAI binding was increased more robustly. Apoptosis induced large increases in annexin V and apoAI binding; however, apoptotic cells did not efflux lipids to apoAI. Annexin V did not act as a cholesterol acceptor, and it did not compete for the cholesterol acceptor or cell binding activity of apoAI. ApoAI binds to ABCA1-expressing cells, and with incubation at 37 °C apoAI is co-localized within the cells in ABCA1-containing endosomes. Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching demonstrated that apoAI bound to ABCA1-expressing cells was relatively immobile, suggesting that it was bound either directly or indirectly to an integral membrane protein. Although ABCA1 induction was associated with a small increase in cell surface PS, these results argue against the notion that this cell surface PS is sufficient to mediate cellular apoAI binding and lipid efflux.