Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The potential of Raman microscopy and Raman imaging in plant research

To gain a better understanding on structure, chemical composition and properties of plant cells, tissues and organs several microscopic, chemical and physical methods have been applied during the last years. However, a knowledge gap exists about the location, quantity and structural arrangement of molecules in the native sample or what happens on the molecular level when samples are chemically or mechanically treated or how they respond to mechanical stress. These questions need to be answered to optimise utilization of plants in food industry and pharmacy and to understand structure-function relationships of plant cells to learn from natures unique. Advances in combining microscopy with Raman spectroscopy have tackled this problem in a non-invasive way and provide chemical and structural information in situ without any staining or complicated sample preparation. In this review the different Raman techniques (e.g. near infrared Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy (NIR-FT), resonance Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) are briefly described before approaches in plant science are summarised. Investigations on structural cell wall components, valuable plant substances, metabolites and inorganic substances are included with emphasis on Raman imaging. The introduction of the NIR-FT-Raman technique led to many applications on green plant material by eliminating the problem of sample fluorescence. For mapping and imaging of whole plant organs (seeds, fruits, leaves) the lateral resolution (~10 μm) of the NIR-FT technique is adequate, whereas for investigations on the lower hierarchical level of cells and cell walls the high resolution gained with a visible laser based system is needed. Examples on high resolution Raman imaging are given on wood cells, showing that changes in chemistry and orientation can be followed within and between different cell wall layers having dimensions smaller than 1 μm. In addition imaging the distribution of amorphous silica is shown on horsetail tissue, including an area scan from a cross section as well as a depth profiling within a silica rich knob of the outer stem wall.
Effect of Apoptosis on Porcine Parthenotes Development in vitro

이배체 단위발생 돼지 난자를 체외 배양시 배반포 형성 단계에서 FBS (우태아 혈청), BSA (우혈청 알부민), EGF (상피세포 성장인자)를 배양액에 첨가하였을 때 이배체 단위발생 에서 총세포수, 세포사멸 및 세포사멸에 관여하는 유전 자의 발현 효과를 조사하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 0.4% BSA를 배양액에 첨가 하였을 때 2 세포기 단계 단위발생의 발달은 배반포 까지는 강화 되었다 (p<0.01). FBS 처리 시는 배반포의 세포 수는 감소시켰으나 세포 사멸률은 증가하였다 (p<0.01). 하지만 EGF가 존재할 때 BSA 처리는 총 세포수를 증가 시켰다. RT-PCR의 결과에 의하면 EGF는 0.4% BSA가 존재하는 배양액에서는 Bcl-xL mRNA 발현을 증가시키고 BSA와 EGF 가 단독으로 존재 할 때는 효과가 없었다. 하지만 FBS 처리시 Bcl-xL 유전자 발현은 감소하고 Bak 유전자의 발현은 증가시킨다. 이러한 결과 세포사멸에 관여하는 유전자 의 발현은 배양액의 첨가물에 따라 유의적으로 영향을 받으며, 돼지 배아의 체외 배양시 세포사멸과 초기발달에 관여함 을 시사한다.
Title Placental growth factor and its potential role in diabeticretinopathy and other ocular neovascular diseases

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), including in retinal vascular diseases, has been well studied, and pharmacological blockade of VEGF is the gold standard of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema. Placental growth factor (PGF, previously known as PlGF), a homologue of VEGF, is a multifunctional peptide associated with angiogenesis-dependent pathologies in the eye and non-ocular conditions. Animal studies using geneticmodification and pharmacological treatment have demonstrated a mechanistic role for PGF in pathological angiogenesis. Inhibition decreases neovascularization and microvascular abnormalities across different models, including oxygen-induced retinopathy, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization and in diabetic mice exhibiting retinopathies. High levels of PGF have been found in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Despite these strong animal data, the exact role ofPGF inpathological angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases remains to be defined, and the benefits of PGF-specific inhibition in humans with retinal neovascular diseases andmacular oedema remain controversial.Comparative effectiveness research studies in patients with diabetic retinal disease have shown that treatment that inhibits bothVEGFandPGFmay provide superior outcomes in certain patients comparedwith treatment that inhibits onlyVEGF.This review summarizes currentknowledgeofPGF, including its relationship to VEGF and its role in pathological angiogenesis in retinal diseases, and identifies some key unanswered questions about PGF that can serve as a pathway for future basic, translational and clinical research.
Femoroacetabular Impingement: Why Movement Literacy Matters

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by pathologic contact during hip range of motion. Morphological variations of FAI present as either an acetabular overcoverage (PINCERFAI), spherical femoral deformity (CAM FAI), or both. Such morphological changes often elicit discomfort with aggravating movements most noted in hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (FADIR). Etiology of the CAM deformity may be linked to force loads experienced during formative bone growth periods in youth and adolescent athletes. Continued exploration of CAM FAI etiology may provide evidence for strength and conditioning professionals to carefully consider exercise training selection to promote movement literacy in youth populations.
Electric Actuation of Nanostructured Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels with Ultralarge Electrostriction Coefficients

Electrostriction facilitates the electric field‐stimulated mechanical actuation of dielectric materials. This work demonstrates that introduction of dielectric mismatched nanodomains to a dielectric elastomer results in an unexpected ultralarge electrostriction coefficient, enabling a large electromechanical strain response at a low electric field. This strong electrostrictive effect is attributed to the development of an inhomogeneous electric field across the film thickness due to the high density of interfaces between dielectric mismatched periodic nanoscale domains. The periodic nanostructure of the nanostructured gel also makes it possible to measure the true electromechanical strain from the dimensional change monitored via in situ synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering. The work offers a promising pathway to design novel high performance dielectric elastomers as well as to understand the underlying operational mechanism of nanostructured multiphase electrostrictive systems.
Spinning the Web: The Interplay of Web Design Features and Product Types

ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to help online marketers in designing effective online stores. To accomplish that task we explore the mediating role of product types in consumers' evaluations of different characteristics of websites. Products are categorized using the FCB grid and web design features are identified based on past literature. To address the study objective we empirically test consumers' opinions and analyze the data using MANOVA procedures followed by ANOVA and t tests. The results of this research show that both product types and website characteristics influence how consumers view websites. Overall however, navigation, product comparison, and quality of information provided on the websites were found to be the most important across different product types.
New atmospheric carbon isotopic measurements constrain the CO 2 rise during the last 1 deglaciation 2 3

17 The causes of the ~80 ppmv increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) during the 18 last glacial-interglacial climatic transition remain debated. We analyzed the parallel evolution 19 of CO2 and its stable carbon isotopic ratio (δCO2) in the EPICA Dome C ice core to bring 20 additional constraints. Agreeing well but largely improving the Taylor Dome ice core record 21 of lower resolution, our δCO2 record is characterized by a W-shape, with two negative 22 δCO2 excursions of 0.5‰ during Heinrich 1 and Younger Dryas events, bracketing a 23 positive δCO2 peak during the Bølling/Allerød warm period. The comparison with marine 24 records and the outputs of two C-cycle box models suggests that changes in Southern Ocean 25 ventilation drove most of the CO2 increase, with additional contributions from marine 26 productivity changes on the initial CO2 rise and δCO2 decline and from rapid vegetation 27 buildup during the CO2 plateau of the Bølling/Allerød. 28 29
Isolation of a lethal virus from the endangered tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi

The Sonora tlger salamander Ambystoma tignnuni stebb~nsi Lowe is a genetically d~stinct race restricted to about 30 small ponds in the San Rafael Valley 111 southern Arizona, USA, which was added recently to the USA Federal List of Endangered Species Populations of these salamanders periodically expenence decimating epizootics. Virus was ~solated from diseased salamanders using fish cell cultures, injected into healthy laboratory-reared salamanders, and then reisolated in cell culture. Electron microscopy of thin sections from dying salamanders revealed abundant enveloped and nonenveloped icosahedral virus particles approximately 160 to 180 nm in diameter in the cytoplasm of skin and liver cells and free in the intercellular spaces. This virus, believed to be an iridovirus based on viral morphology and host pathology, was demonstrated to be the primary pathogen in these epizootics, and is the first lethal epizootic virus reported from salamanders. We have named the virus Ambystoma tigrinum Virus (ATV). Hemolytic bacteria were isolated from sick individuals, but we were unable to induce the disease by exposing salamanders to isolated bacteria at concentrations up to 10' ml-'
SERUM DEPRIVATION INDUCES APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN THE THESC CELL LINE

a , Milan Zaric a a , Danijela Jovanovic b , Zoran Milosavljevic c , Tatjana Kastratovic d , Maja Colic e i Marina Mitrovic a a) Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet medicinskih nauka Kragujevac, katedra Biohemije b) Klinicki centar Kragujevac, Centar za Hematologiju c) Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet medicinskih nauka Kragujevac, katedra Histologije sa embriologijom d) Klinicki centar Kragujevac, Klinika za ginekologiju i akuserstvo e) Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet medicinskih nauka Kragujevac, katedra Fiziologije ABSTRACT Uterine myomas are comprised of smooth muscle cells from blood vessel walls of the uterus and fi broblasts, and constitute the basic components of fi broids. Th e aim of our study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic eff ects of serum depri- vation on fi broblasts originating from the Th ESC myoma cell line. Cell viability, morphological changes and the percentage of apoptotic cells were determined in the presence and absence of serum. Th e experimental group was cultured in medium lacking serum for 24- and 48-hour periods, and the control group was cultured in complete medium. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Changes in cell morphology were investigated using native microscopy. Th e percentage of apoptotic cells was determined using ethidium bromide/acri- dine orange staining. Th ere was a time-dependent and statisti- cally signifi cant decrease in cell viability in the experimental group when compared to the control group. Cells in the ex- perimental group displayed morphological changes that are characteristic of apoptosis. Th ese changes were not detected in the control group. In the experimental group, there was a statistically signifi cant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, while this percentage was not statistically signifi cant in the control group. Th e obtained results suggest that the time- duration of serum deprivation directly correlates to the induc- tion of apoptosis in the Th ESC cell line.
Environmental Monitoring of Continuous Phenomena by Sensor Data Streams: A System Approach Based on Kriging

Environmental monitoring as technological endeav- our has to deal with limitations in respect to transmission capacities, computational resources and storage space. Despite the progress in ICT, those limitations remain significant be- cause of rising demands like real-time monitoring on the one hand and increased amount of observations on the other. The geostatistic method of kriging, originally developed to manage spatial uncertainty, provides elaborate means for spatio-temporal interpolation and is therefore the method of choice wherever continuous phenomena are to be monitored by discrete obser- vations. With its associated confidence estimation, the method can also be exploited to solve other problems like fusion of sub-models for continuous real-time updates or filtering massive sensor streams. In this work, we suggest a system, substantially based on kriging, to filter, process, interpolate, monitor and archive sensor data streams. We incorporate several algorithmic and technical solutions into this system and evaluate them by simulated and real data. Index Terms—environmental monitoring; sensor data streams; continuous phenomena; geostatistics; kriging
On the Development of an Iceberg Management Planning Aid

Planning iceberg management activities for faciliti es located in bergy waters is an important aspect of the ice management process. When an iceberg has been identified as a possible threat to offshore facilities, the offshore inst allation manager (OIM) mu st decide which vessel should be tasked to carry-out towing operation s, the direction to tow and the amount of bollard pull to apply, given the existing set of environmental and operational conditions. If several icebergs are considered threats, plan ning management strategies can be difficult without some sort of aid. This paper gives an overview of iceberg management planning software developed to improve the effectiven ess of iceberg towing operations and reduce the possibility of downtime for a facility. Results of bench-tes ting are presented and future development plans indicated.
Threading dislocation reduction in transit region of GaN terahertz Gunn diodes

An effect of the position of notch-doping layer in 1-μm GaN Gunn diode on threading dislocations (TDs) distribution is investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the top-notching-layer (TNL) structure, the bottom-notching-layer (BNL) structure can efficiently reduce the TDs density and improve the crystal quality in the transit region of GaN Gunn diode because it exhibits twice-transition of growth mode from atomic step flow to layer-by-layer nucleation and leads to a significant annihilation of TDs before penetrating into the transit region. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal that the BNL structure has less compressive stress than the TNL structure.
Mode 3 Knowledge Production in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems: 21st-Century Democracy, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship for Development

Developed and developing economies alike face increased resource scarcity and competitive rivalry. In this context, science and technology appear as an essential source of competitive and sustainable advantage at national and regional levels. However, the key determinant of their efficacy is the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship-enabled innovation that unlocks and captures the benefits of the science enterprise in the form of private, public or hybrid goods. Linking basic and applied research with the market, via technology transfer and commercialization mechanisms, including government-university-industry partnerships and capital investments, constitutes the essential trigger mechanism and driving force of sustainable competitive advantage and prosperity. In this volume, the authors define the terms and principles of knowledge creation, diffusion, and use, and establish a theoretical framework for their study. In particular, they focus on the "Quadruple Helix" model, through which government, academia, industry, and civil society are seen as key actors promoting a democratic approach to innovation through which strategy development and decision making are exposed to feedback from key stakeholders, resulting in socially accountable policies and practices.
A Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of the Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment on Psychiatric Behavior in Prader-Willi Syndrome

Author(s): Montes, Andrea | Advisor(s): Kimonis, Virginia | Abstract: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by distinct physical, cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of growth hormone treatment (GHT) in 172 individuals on the following psychiatric categories: depressive disorders (depressed mood and anxiety), compulsions (skin picking, nail picking, compulsive counting, compulsive ordering, and plays with strings), and psychoses (visual hallucinations and delusions). Hypotheses include 1) GHT contributes to a lower risk for psychiatric phenotypes in individuals with PWS, 2) Earlier age at initiation of GHT results in lower risk for psychiatric phenotypes, 3) Longer duration of GHT results in lower risk for psychiatric phenotypes, and 4) Risk of psychiatric outcomes associated with GHT differs for those with 15q11.2-q13 deletions versus those with maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) of chromosome 15. After controlling for the effects of confounding variables (psychiatric medication and age), the data suggests that growth hormone use is associated with an increased risk for delusions. Growth hormone use was also shown to have a greater effect on increased risk for anxiety for those with mUPD than for those with deletions. Duration of GH treatment did not show a significant association with psychiatric phenotype. Age at growth hormone initiation could not be considered as a good measure because it was strongly correlated with age at visit 1. As growth hormone treatment is currently the standard of care for individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome, having a better understanding of the psychiatric risks is important for management. Prospective studies in which all individuals start growth hormone at the same age are suggested to test these findings.
Central Venous Catheter-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias in Neonates

Central venous catheter (CVC) placement or peripherally inserted central catheters are a common bedside procedure, which is frequently performed in critically ill neonates. Even though it is a routine procedure in the neonatal critical care unit, it is not uncom- mon to have complications related to it. Due to the smaller size of the heart in neonates and premature infants, the usual anatomic landmark and distance from the insertion site may not be accurate. As they are commonly performed at bedside, fluoroscopic guidance would not be possible. In this chapter, we describe common cardiac arrhythmias induced by these CVC lines and practical tips to avoid these complications. Proper measurement with correct technique, proper fixation and vigilant watching for migration will reduce the incidence of these complications. It is mandatory that all bed side intensivist should think of central line induced arrhythmias in an ICU settings and should identify and treat it appropriately.
Adverse selection costs, trading activity and liquidity in the NYSE: an empirical analysis in a dynamic context

This paper measures the adverse selection costs associated to a given trade by estimating its permanent impact on market quotes. This estimation depends on observable trade features and market conditions, and it is given by the impulse-response function of a generalization of the Hasbrouck's (1991a,b) VAR model. It is evidenced that microstructure structural models of quote formation may introduce a downward bias in the estimation of adverse selection costs by assuming that trades only have an immediate impact on prices. Moreover, it is observed that the market behavior, in terms of liquidity and activity, in the short-term period after a trade depends on the information-asymmetry risk associated to that trade.
vasoconstrictive responses to angiotensin II in rat ’ s isolated tail artery in experimental , chronic renal failure Summary

Background Recent studies indicate that arterial response to angiotensin II (ANG II) in chronic renal failure is variable. In our study we compared the response of rat tail artery to ANG II in different stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). Material and methods Male 290–380 g Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 5/6 nephrectomy (n = 11), 3/4 nephrectomy (n = 9) and sham-operation (control n = 12). After 4 weeks blood pressure (BP) in carotid artery was measured and then the tail artery was excised. The proximal segment of artery was cannulated and mounted under 0.5 g tension in organic bath. The constriction of artery in response to ANG II was measured as an increased in perfusion pressure at a constant flow of the perfusion fluid. ANG II was applied into the extraluminal Krebs solution according to van Rossum method. Results Both 3/4 and 5/6 nephrectomies leaded to development of CRF and hypertension — the CRF groups had significantly increased blood pressure, serum creatinine and BUN. The tail artery from rats after 3/4 nephrectomy was characterized by dicreased reactivity to Ang II (percent of maximal reaction) for concentration [M/L] 1 ¥ 10 (12.7 ± 9.6 vs. 24.7 ± 7.4; p < 0.01) and 3 ¥ 10 (16.9 ± 9.2 vs. 27.8 ± 12.7; p < 0.05). But the rat tail artery after subtotal nefrectomy (5/6) was characterized by hyperreactivity to ANG II comparing to control group. We found significant correlations for concentrations of ANG II: 1 x 10 (36.3 ± 12.6 vs. 24.7 ± 7.4; p < 0.05), 3 ¥ 10 (39.4 ± 11.7 vs. 27.8 ± 12.7; p < 0.05), 1 ¥ 10 (39.8 ± 11.9 vs. 28.7 ± 13.0; p < 0.05), 3 ¥ 10 (40.1 ± 11.5 vs. 29,2 ± 12.9; p < 0.05). Conclusion The arterial response to ANG II depends on a stage of chronic renal failure. Various arterial reactivity could be a result of changes in the affinity of the receptor to an agonist, or receptors concentration key words: angiotensin II, blood pressure, chronic renal failure Arterial Hypertension 2005, vol. 9, no 2, pages 88–94.
Investigation of Effective Factors on Consumers’ Desire for Organic Products Payment, Case Study: Kermanshah Province Agricultural Bank Staffs

The present research’s main purpose is to evaluate the effective factors in customers desire to pay for organic products. The method of research is practical based on the goal of research and due to lack of complete control of research variables is none experimental, based on the data identity, data are qualitative and based on gathering method, data are provided in the field of study and about the feature of research it is communicative-visual kind. The statistical society contains all staffs of Kermanshah province agricultural bank staffs containing 418 people among which 200 peoples selected by the Cochran sample volume determination formula as the statistical sample and by random sampling method and by drawing. The tool to gather information in this research contains a researcher answer sheet whose justification confirmed by the special panel of agricultural training and privilege in Ilam Azad university agricultural management. The research stability obtained through the Cronbach’s alpha at 0.87. The dependant variable also declined to pay for the organic production and dependant variables containing individual features, knowledge to organic production, on time informing and the customer expected features, cultural factors and economical issues. The data analysis by the SPSS software and in two level of descriptive statistics (the central and distributed scales) and analytic statistic correlation coefficient for connecting theories, the average comparing test for the theories comparison and also multiple regressions performed step by step. The results showed that the relation between the economical factors and desire to pay for organic products has positive meaningful relation. The results showed that the economical factors and price, cultural factors and connecting factors to advertisement and informing have the maximum effect on desire for payment by customers for organic products.