Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle buffer value, fibre type distribution and high intensity exercise performance in man

Interrelationships between quadriceps femoris muscle buffer value (beta), fibre type distribution, and lactate concentration and pH following short‐term high intensity exercise were examined in eighteen young healthy human volunteers. Muscle biopsy samples were taken from the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle at rest and after fatiguing dynamic or isometric exercise. Isometric exercise required the maintenance of 60% quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction, and dynamic exercise, the performance of a modified Wingate Test. The muscle buffer value displayed a positive, but non‐significant correlation with the relative area of the muscle occupied by type II fibres (r = 0.42, P = 0.09). An elevated beta was associated with a lesser decrement in muscle pH during intensive exercise but did not permit the accumulation of a higher muscle lactate concentration or allow for an enhanced dynamic or isometric exercise performance. A superior performance during dynamic exercise was associated with a high concentration of muscle lactate and a low muscle pH post‐exercise; in turn, each of these factors was positively dependent on the relative area of the muscle occupied by type II fibres. The converse was found for isometric exercise, where there was a tendency for an enhanced performance to be associated with a low muscle lactate and high muscle pH post‐exercise. No significant relationship between the relative type II fibre area and isometric performance capacity could be established. It was concluded that the muscle buffer value is not a major limiting factor to the performance of high intensity exercise, suggesting that the involvement of intramuscular acidosis in the development of fatigue may be indirect. The most important determinant of high intensity exercise capacity appears to be the proportional area of the muscle occupied by type II fibres, where a high value provides for a superior dynamic but inferior isometric exercise performance.
Rewired NFκB signaling as a potentially actionable feature of activated B‐cell‐like diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of aggressive lymphoma in the Western world and remains a clinical challenge. Two types of DLBCL are distinguishable, namely a germinal center B‐cell‐like phenotype (GCB) and an activated B‐cell‐like phenotype (ABC). Particularly ABC‐DLBCL is difficult to treat, as this subentity typically displays resistance against frontline chemo‐immune therapy. Through the availability of novel experimental technologies, such as next‐generation sequencing and cutting‐edge mouse models, we recently caught an unprecedentedly detailed glimpse at the genomic and biological features of ABC‐DLBCL. Currently, a picture is emerging which suggests that ABC‐DLBCL critically depends on sustained activity of the NFκB pathway, which, among others, is achieved through numerous distinct genetic aberrations, including CD79A/B‐, CARD11‐, and MYD88 mutations. Further genomic aberrations include amplifications of BCL2 and inactivating mutations in PRMD1. These molecular insights have spurred the development of novel autochthonous mouse models that faithfully mimic the biology and genetics of human ABC‐DLBCL and could serve as preclinical platforms in future experiments. Furthermore, our genomic understanding of the disease now enables us to develop and validate novel targeted therapeutic intervention strategies that aim at decapitating non‐physiological NFκB activity and repressing anti‐apoptotic BCL2 signaling. In this review, we highlight these recent developments and make suggestions for further tool development and the design and stratification of future clinical trials.
Developmental Control of CaV1.2 L-Type Calcium Channel Splicing by Fox Proteins

ABSTRACT CaV1.2 voltage-gated calcium channels play critical roles in the control of membrane excitability, gene expression, and muscle contraction. These channels show diverse functional properties generated by alternative splicing at multiple sites within the CaV1.2 pre-mRNA. The molecular mechanisms controlling this splicing are not understood. We find that two exons in the CaV1.2 channel are controlled in part by members of the Fox family of splicing regulators. Exons 9* and 33 confer distinct electrophysiological properties on the channel and show opposite patterns of regulation during cortical development, with exon 9* progressively decreasing its inclusion in the CaV1.2 mRNA over time and exon 33 progressively increasing. Both exons contain Fox protein binding elements within their adjacent introns, and Fox protein expression is induced in cortical neurons in parallel with the changes in CaV1.2 splicing. We show that knocking down expression of Fox proteins in tissue culture cells has opposite effects on exons 9* and 33. The loss of Fox protein increases exon 9* splicing and decreases exon 33, as predicted by the positions of the Fox binding elements and by the pattern of splicing in development. Conversely, overexpression of Fox1 and Fox2 proteins represses exon 9* and enhances exon 33 splicing in the endogenous CaV1.2 mRNA. These effects of Fox proteins on exons 9* and 33 can be recapitulated in transfected minigene reporters. Both the repressive and the enhancing effects of Fox proteins are dependent on the Fox binding elements within and adjacent to the target exons, indicating that the Fox proteins are directly regulating both exons. These results demonstrate that the Fox protein family is playing a key role in tuning the properties of CaV1.2 calcium channels during neuronal development.
Diagnostic de systèmes à événements discrets à base de cohérence par SAT

We present a new, two-level-based, technique for the diagnosis of discrete-event systems. The first level transforms the diagnosis problem in a sequence of diagnosis questions. The second level answers the diagnosis questions. We propose to implement this second level with a SAT solver. This two-level algorithm allows to explain the observations and to generate a diagnosis of the system. Our experiments show that the SAT-based approach can solve problems that we could not solve with other techniques.
Haptic Navigation and Exploration of High Quality Pre-rendered Environments

Visualising in real-time high quality virtual environments, which are suitable for cultural heritage and virtual tourism, is often a challenging endeavour. This is primarily, due to the cost of rendering complex architectural structures. Incorporating the sense of touch into real time environments enhances a user's experience, leading towards a higher level of immersion. However, the confining requirement of the haptic feedback loop to cycle at 1000Hz has led to many applications employing lower quality scenes. In this paper a technique is presented which permits high quality pre-rendered animations of dynamic environments to be both visualised and navigated at high interactive rates. In particular, the approach provides the user with the ability to touch the content of the animations and to freely orientate themselves in any direction, leading to haptically aware movies. Consequently, this permits an exploration of an otherwise prohibitively complex scene consisting of large volumes of geometry and texture maps, combined with realistic lighting models. This component is illustrated within a virtual tour framework enabling users to navigate semi-prescribed routes using haptic feedback both in a spatial and temporal context.
Modulation of Tumor Development by Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Experimental Animals

Carcinogenic Effects ofBHT The hindered phenolic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT(3,5-d-t-butyl. 4-hydroxytoluene), is a widely used food additive. The general toxicology of BHThas been reviewed (Babich, 1982; Malkinson, 1983; Kahl, 1984, Ito et al., 1985, Grice, 1986). BHT is considered to be a "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) substance, not likely to have any untoward effects in man below the acceptable daily intake level of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight. Concerns about a possible carcinogenic effect of BHT have been raisedon several occasions. A clear-cut carcinogenic effect forBHT has never been unequivocally demonstrated. In the mouse lung tumor assay, BHTdid notelicita positive response (Stoner et al., 1973). In a bioassay of BHT for carcinogenicity in F344 rats and B6C3Fl mice it was found that alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas occurred at significant incidence in the lowerdose group (mice exposed to 0.3% of BHT in the diet), but not in the higher dosegroup (NIH, 1979). In 2 laterstudies, noevidence was found for carcinogenicity of BHTat dietary doses ranging from 0.02% to 1.0% in Wistar rats or in B6C3Fl mice (Hirose et al., 1981; Shirai et al., 1982). A chronic feeding study with BHTin rats appeared to suggest hepatocarcinogenic potential for BHT. The interpretation of the study was confounded by a significantly increased lifespan in the BHT fed animals, since at the time of appearance of the liver tumors most control animals already had died (Wurtzen and Olson, 1986). BHT in the diet did enhance the development of tumors in mouse strains having a particularly high background in spontaneously occurring tumors: liver tumors in C3H mice (Lindenschmidt et al., 1986) and in B6C3Fl mice (Inai et al., 1988) and lung tumors in NJ mice (Witschi, 1985) or inbred Swiss mice (Maru and Bhide, 1982). In mouse skin, BHT is devoid of tumor initiating activity (Sato et al., 1987). Altogether, results of the different studies do not tend to implicate BHTas a carcinogenic agent. However, they do leave someunresolved doubts about its safety (Blumenthal, 1986).
A low complexity frequency offset estimation for dual PN TDS-OFDM

In this paper, a low complexity algorithm is proposed for dual pseudorandom noise (PN) time domain synchronous OFDM (TDS-OFDM) systems, to simultaneously estimate the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and the sampling frequency offset (SFO). The second PN of every OFDM frame is used in the estimation. Firstly, SFO is estimated under maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. After that, a closed-form solution of CFO is obtained. Because the proposed algorithm does not change the original frame structure, there is no need to insert extra symbols when estimating frequency offset. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs slightly better than existing ML estimator, but complexity is much lower. And the performance of the proposed algorithm is different with different PN lengths.
Covert and overt recognition in prosopagnosia.

Prosopagnosic patients suffer an inability to recognize familiar people by visual inspection of their faces. Despite the absence of overt recognition, though, some prosopagnosic patients continue to process the identities of familiar faces covertly. A longstanding controversy concerns whether the recognition deficit in prosopagnosia is specific for faces, or also affects other types of visual stimuli. We investigated whether the patient P.H. , who has severe problems with within-class recognition of many types of visual stimuli, would show covert recognition for all stimuli which he cannot recognize overtly. Such a finding would be consistent with the idea that face recognition and recognition of other visually similar stimuli are performed by the same underlying functional mechanisms. We assessed this possibility with a forced-choice decision between correct and incorrect alternative names for familiar faces, cars and flowers, and with comparisons of P.H. 's ability to learn true versus untrue names to familiar faces, cars and flowers. Results indicated that P.H. does show covert recognition of cars and flowers, as well as faces. In addition, the covert effects observed in the forced-choice name decision and learning tasks used here were shown to have a potential common basis. Finally, the possibility of using covert knowledge as a basis for rehabilitation was explored. As was observed by Sergent and Poncet (1990) in their patient, P.H. could achieve some overt face recognition under very specific circumstances.
Meta‐analysis: allopurinol in the prevention of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

Background Several clinical trials evaluating the prophylactic effect of allopurinol on postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis have been published; however, there is no consensus on whether prophylactic allopurinol can reduce the incidence of post‐ERCP pancreatitis.
SSH Dictionary Attack and DNS Reverse Resolution Traffic in Campus Network

We performed statistical analysis on the total PTR resource record (RR) based DNS query packet traffic from a university campus network to the top domain DNS server through March 14th, 2009, when the network servers in the campus network were under inbound SSH dictionary attack. The interesting results are obtained, as follows: (1) the network servers, especially, they have a function of SSH services, generated the significant PTR RR based DNS query request packet traffic through 07:30-08:30 in March 14th, 2009, (2) we calculated sample variance for the DNS query request packet traffic, and (3) the variance can change in a sharp manner through 07:30-08:30. From these results, it is clearly concluded that we can detect the inbound SSH dictionary attack to the network server by only observing the variance of the total PTR RR based DNS query request packet traffic from the network servers in the campus network.
Cloning, Expression, Characterization, and Interaction of Two Components of a Human Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Synthase

The possibility that human cells contain, in addition to the cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase complex, a mitochondrial type II malonyl-CoA-dependent system for the biosynthesis of fatty acids has been examined by cloning, expressing, and characterizing two putative components. Candidate coding sequences for a malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase (malonyltransferase) and its acyl carrier protein substrate, identified by BLAST searches of the human sequence data base, were located on nuclear chromosomes 22 and 16, respectively. The encoded proteins localized exclusively in mitochondria only when the putative N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences were present as revealed by confocal microscopy of HeLa cells infected with appropriate green fluorescent protein fusion constructs. The mature, processed forms of the mitochondrial proteins were expressed in Sf9 cells and purified, the acyl carrier protein was converted to the holoform in vitro using purified human phosphopantetheinyltransferase, and the functional interaction of the two proteins was studied. Compared with the dual specificity malonyl/acetyltransferase component of the cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase, the type II mitochondrial counterpart exhibits a relatively narrow substrate specificity for both the acyl donor and acyl carrier protein acceptor. Thus, it forms a covalent acyl-enzyme complex only when incubated with malonyl-CoA and transfers exclusively malonyl moieties to the mitochondrial holoacyl carrier protein. The type II acyl carrier protein from Bacillus subtilis, but not the acyl carrier protein derived from the human cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase, can also function as an acceptor for the mitochondrial transferase. These data provide compelling evidence that human mitochondria contain a malonyl-CoA/acyl carrier protein-dependent fatty acid synthase system, distinct from the type I cytosolic fatty acid synthase, that resembles the type II system present in prokaryotes and plastids. The final products of this system, yet to be identified, may play an important role in mitochondrial function.
Comparison of a flux barrier and a salient pole synchronous reluctance machine for high rotational speeds in electric traction applications

In this paper rotor topologies of synchronous reluctance machines are compared with regard to electrical traction applications. Electrical machines for electric vehicles are usually operated in a wide speed range including flux weakening. In contrast to permanent magnet synchronous machines and induction machines synchronous reluctance machines have advantages of a very simple and cost effective rotor design, which makes this machine type very interesting for this application. For synchronous reluctance machines different rotor topologies as salient poles or flux barrier designs are known and both are investigated in this work regarding high speed operation in flux weakening range. Because of the mechanical strength limitation of flux barrier machines a salient pole machine is proposed, although design steps to accomplish the same machine harmonics characteristic of the salient pole type have to be implemented. Finally, both machines provide sufficient operation in the whole speed range. However, the machines show slightly different behavior and require different manufacturing technologies for the stator winding and the rotor.
Modeling and Characterization of Slitted Parallel-Plate Waveguide With Applications for Slit-Based Planar Structures

This paper presents a rigorous scattering model of an infinite slit on a dielectric-loaded parallel-plate waveguide with an oblique incident TEM wave. The dyadic Green’s functions of an equivalent line source are derived first and then applied to solve the scattered fields in terms of reflection, transmission, and radiation. Special treatment with PEC/PMC symmetry is employed for fast and accurate calculation. The proposed model was carefully validated by the full-wave simulator with excellent agreement. Some interesting scattering phenomena are found and emphasized, as they are crucial in explaining the special features of slit-based planar structures. In this paper, we demonstrate the presented model for the analysis and physical explanation of unique features found in a slitted substrate integrated waveguide, grounded coplanar waveguide, and grounded coplanar stripline. The proposed model provides a simple and effective approach for the design of potential slit-based planar circuits and antennas based on the presented structures in this paper.
MRI of adenomyosis: changes with uterine artery embolization.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to describe the MRI features of patients with pure or dominant adenomyosis treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE) and to correlate imaging features with symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nineteen patients with symptomatic pure or dominant adenomyosis on MRI were referred for UAE. All 19 patients had repeat MRI 4 months after UAE. The MR images obtained before and after UAE were evaluated for maximal junctional zone thickness, junctional zone-myometrial ratio, uterine volume, and the presence of avascular regions. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their symptoms before and 3 and 12 months after UAE. RESULTS Uterine volume decreased significantly after UAE (p < 0.01). The mean uterine volume reduction was 25.1%. Junctional zone thickness decreased significantly (p < 0.001). The junctional zone-myometrial ratio did not decrease significantly (p = 0.526). Fourteen (73.7%) of the 19 patients showed devascularized change within the adenomyotic region. Eighteen patients completed a questionnaire at 3 months. Sixteen (88.9%) of the 18 reported an improvement in symptoms, whereas the two remaining patients (11.1%) reported no change (p < 0.001). Of the 16 patients with clinical improvement, 11 had devascularized areas after UAE and five did not. Eleven of the 18 patients who completed a questionnaire 3 months after UAE also completed a questionnaire 12 months after UAE. Ten of these 11 patients still reported continued improvement, and one patient reported a worsening of symptoms. CONCLUSION UAE in patients with pure or dominant adenomyosis results in decreased uterine volume and regions of devascularization. Most patients reported an improvement in clinical symptoms within 3 months after UAE. Some patients reported benefit for at least 1 year; however, the long-term durability of symptomatic relief remains unknown.
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from Free-Ranging Birds and Mammals on Livestock Premises

ABSTRACT Surveys for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in free-ranging mammals and birds were conducted on nine dairy and beef cattle farms in Wisconsin and Georgia. Specimens were collected from 774 animals representing 25 mammalian and 22 avian species. Specimens of ileum, liver, intestinal lymph nodes, and feces were harvested from the larger mammals; a liver specimen and the gastrointestinal tract were harvested from birds and small mammals. Cultures were performed by using radiometric culture and acid-fast isolates were identified by 16S/IS900/IS1311 PCR and mycobactin dependency characteristics. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from tissues and feces from 39 samples from 30 animals representing nine mammalian and three avian species. The prevalence of infected wild animals by premises ranged from 2.7 to 8.3% in Wisconsin and from 0 to 6.0% in Georgia. Shedding was documented in seven (0.9%) animals: three raccoons, two armadillos, one opossum, and one feral cat. The use of two highly polymorphic short sequence repeat loci for analysis of 29 of the 39 strains identified 10 alleles. One allelic pattern broadly shared in domestic ruminants (“7,5”) appeared in approximately one-third of the wildlife M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates studied. Given the few cases of shedding by free-ranging animals compared to the volume of contaminated manure produced by infected domestic ruminant livestock, contamination of the farm environment by infected wildlife was negligible. Wildlife may, however, have epidemiological significance for farms where M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recently has been eliminated or on farms free of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis but located in the geographic vicinity of farms with infected livestock.