Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS FROM FORMER MANUFACTURED GAS PLANTS

Detailed analytical characterization of the organic matter (OM) of aged polluted soils from five former manufactured gas plants (MGP) and of two coal tars was completed. It was aimed at obtaining information relevant to the physicochemical state of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants and to their in-situ evolution in time. Overall characterization of total OM (essentially polluting OM) was carried out directly on soil samples with or without prior extraction with solvent. It involved a technique of pyrolysis/oxidation coupled to flame ionization/thermal conductivity detection (Rock Eval). Extracts in solvent were fractionated by liquid chromatography into saturated hydrocarbons, PAH, and resins, the first two fractions being further characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The compositions of OM of soils were found to be very similar. A total of 28% of organic carbon, including all PAH, was extractable by solvent. The compositions of coal tars were qualitatively similar .
Structure and mechanical quality of the collagen–mineral nano-composite in bone

Bone is a hierarchically structured material with remarkable mechanical performance which may serve as a model for the development of biomimetic materials. Understanding its properties is essential for the assessment of diseases such as osteoporosis. This will lead to a critical evaluation of current therapies and aid in their more targeted development. While the full hierarchical structure of bone is extremely complex and variable, its basic building block, the mineralized collagen fibril, is rather universal. Due to the progress in experimental methods to characterize materials at the nanoscale, new insights have been gained into the structure/mechanical function relation in this nanocomposite. The amount of mineral is usually thought to determine the stiffness of the material, but recent results suggest that the properties of the organic matrix as well as the geometrical arrangement of the two components might have a much larger influence on the properties than traditionally assumed. Some recent results from experiment and numerical modeling leading to these ideas are reviewed.
Reactive deposition of low loss Al2O3 optical waveguides by modified dc planar magnetron sputtering

A modified planar magnetron system has been used to dc reactively sputter Al2O3 films with optical waveguide losses of 1 dB/cm and refractive indices of 1.65±0.005 at 632.8 nm. The target and substrate are separated by two 176×45 mm graphite grid plates with either 2 or 4 mm diam apertures in a hexagonal array. When the Al target was sputtered in argon and the oxygen flow rate increased, the value f2c at which an Al2O3 layer formed on the target depended upon the configuration of the apertures and the rf power coupled to the substrate holder; for a sputtering power of 1.25 kW, f2c increased from 11 to 13 ml/min when the aperture diameter was reduced from 4 to 2 mm or when the rf power increased from 0 to 50 W, due to increased gettering of oxygen outside the target region. The low optical loss films were obtained by controlling the ‖oxygen flow rate between 40% and 70% of f2c; at low flow rates, the films were absorbing due to oxygen deficiency whereas scattering loss increased near f2c due to particle ej.
Single Crystalline ZnO Nanowires by Oxidizing Granular Zinc Film

In this work, we report an in situ synthesis method to produce ultra fine ZnO nanowires by a basic combination of thermal evaporated and thermal oxidation being used. ZnO nanowires were produced by a basic process with no catalyst, which is oxidizing granular Zn films at temperature (450–600°C). Initially, the zinc film was starting to produced by evaporated deposition in an atmosphere at ambient temperature using granulated Zn as the target. Then, annealed in an air or oxygen atmosphere, ZnO nanowires began to grow from Zn nanograins. The investigations have showed that the nanowires grow from porous Zn films and a little of oxygen gas flow was useful to the growth of nanowires. When annealed at 600°C in an oxygen atmosphere, the ZnO nanowires was obtained from annealed, which have a diameter less than 60 nm. It shows a good structural quality.
Effect of electrostatic interactions between glycosaminoglycans on the shear stiffness of cartilage : A molecular model and experiments

This study focuses on the contribution of repulsive electrostatic interaction between glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules in cartilage to the shear properties of the tissue. We first measured the equilibrium and dynamic shear moduli of cylindrical disks of cartilage at varying ionic concentrations (0.01−1.0 M NaCl). We then used a molecular model of GAG electrostatic interactions that would occur during macroscopic shear deformation to predict the dependence of the shear properties of cartilage on the ionic strength of the bath. The molecular model of GAG interaction was based on approximating GAG segments as charged rods, i.e., the unit cell model and then changing the shape of the unit cell in a manner consistent with the macroscopic shear deformation. The Poisson−Boltzmann equation was incorporated into the unit cell model (PB unit cell) to predict physical phenomena such as the change in electrical potential and mobile ion distribution caused by macroscopic shear deformation and changes in bath ionic co.
Impact of physico‐chemical parameters on the microbial population and its nature in a major retting zone of Kerala

As part of an environmental abatement programme, through the application of bioremediation in the retting zones of Kerala, a microbiological survey was conducted during March 1999 in the Kadinamkulam kayal, a major retting zone in Kerala. Some selected physico‐chemical parameters were also analysed to assess the water quality in the context of retting activity. Comparatively low dissolved oxygen content coupled with high hydrogen sulphide observed at Stations 1 and 2 can be attributed to retting. Salinity distribution is of the mixohaline nature. Pseudomonas sp. , E. coli and other coliform groups were found to be present in the area. Of these the most dominant was Pseudomonas sp. and hence its nature and plasmid profile were also studied. The study indicates an environmental degradation in the area, and the possibility of hotspots of pollution in the backwater biotopes in the State.
Measurement of refractive index using capillary waveguide

The properties of medium can be often determined using its refractive index. For example the concentration of solution or dosage of components in solution can be obtained using measuring of refractive index of liquid media. This paper presents the fabricate process and properties of double layer capillary waveguide sensor for measurement of refractive index of liquids. It also presents theoretical analysis and results of experiments using this sensor.
Adsorption Behaviors of Hydroquinone onto Porous Adsorbents

As the toxicity even at low concentrations, pollution of phenolic compounds has become an issue of international concern. Adsorption has been proven to be the effective and widely used method for phenolic compounds removal. In this study, porous resins as adsorbents for the removal of hydroquinone from aqueous solutions were evaluated. Activated carbon F400D was employed for comparison. The faster adsorption kinetic was observed on the mesoporous XAD-4, while the higher adsorption capacity was obtained on the microporous NDA150, which had larger surface area. Despite the different surface properties and pore structures of the studied adsorbents, similar trends of pH-dependent adsorption were observed, implying the importance of the hydroquinone molecular species to the adsorption onto the porous adsorbents. This work provided an understanding of adsorption behavior of hydroquinone on porous adsorbents.
The kinetics of cellulose fiber degradation and correlation with some tensile properties

Cellulosic degradation of cotton and flax yarns caused by light, heat and heterogeneous acid-catalyzed hydrolysis was studied. These processes were followed by measuring changes in intrinsic fluidity (1/DP w ): two principal stages, characterized by different zero-order kinetics, take place. A relation between changes in intrinsic fluidity with some mechanical properties of the same yarns during the degradation process was found
Wpływ działalności zakładów chemicznych „Złotniki” we Wrocławiu na środowisko glebowe terenów przyległych w świetle całkowitej zawartości metali ciężkich

Gleba jest ważną częścią środowiska, będącą biologicznie czynną powierzchnią warstwy skorupy ziemskiej. W skład gleby wchodzą części mineralne, materia organiczna, woda, powietrze oraz organizmy żywe. Stanowi ona zwarty układ tworzący się w skutek interakcji między procesami wietrzenia, a procesami biologicznymi i mikrobiologicznymi. Gleba to istotne źródło składników mineralnych, które dzięki reakcją z wodą, powietrzem oraz energią umożliwia rozwój przede wszystkim ekosystemów lądowych [Kabata-Pendias i in. 1999]. Intensywne oddziaływanie zanieczyszczeń przemysłowych może powodować znaczne zmiany chemiczne i biologiczne w środowisku glebowym. Główną przyczyną skażenia gleb metalami ciężkimi jest emisja zanieczyszczeń do powietrza atmosferycznego [Alloway 1995]. Całkowita zawartość metali ciężkich w glebie jest to rzetelna wielkość przedstawiająca faktyczny wymiar antropopresji. Stanowi również wiarygodną informację na temat skali emisji zanie-
Sensitization of n-Type TiO2 Electrode by a Novel Isoquinoline Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex

The effective sensitization of TiO2 to visible light by cis-[(dcbH2)2Ru(isq)2](ClO4)2, where dcbH2 = 4,4'-(CO2H)2-2,2'-bipyridine and isq = isoquinoline, is reported. The photocurrent action spectrum obtained for the regenerative solar cell with dye coated nanocrystalline TiO2 films resulted in IPCE values up to 40%. This novel compound acts as an efficient TiO2 photoanode sensitizer in thin-layer sandwich-type solar cells.
Structures of cochlioquinones A and B, new metabolites of Cochliobolus miyabeanus: chemical and X-ray crystallographic determination

The structures of cochlioquinones A and B, new metabolites isolated from a strain of Cochliobolus miyabeanus, have been determined from chemical, spectroscopic, and crystallographic evidence, the main feature being a p-benzoquinone ring linked to a sesquiterpene moiety and to a C7 side-chain.
Mechanism for Aerobic Oxidation of 3,5-Di-tert-butylcatechol to 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone Catalyzed by Di-μ-hydroxo-dicopper(II) Complexes of Peralkylated Ethylelnediamine Ligands

The aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (H2dbc) to the corresponding quinone (dbq), catalyzed by di-μ-hydroxo-dicopper(II) complexes [Cu2(OH)2L2](ClO4)2 [L = N,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) (1) and N,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine (teeda) (2)], has been spectroscopically and kinetically studied to gain some insight into the reaction mechanisms. The ESR spectra show that catecholato complexes [Cu(dbc)L] [L = tmeda (3) or teeda (4)] are formed upon reactions of 1 or 2 with H2dbc, respectively. The UV–vis and ESI mass spectra show that 3 is converted to a semiquinonato complex [Cu(dbsq)tmeda]+ (5) in the aerobic oxidation, while [Cu(dbsq)teeda]+ (6) is only a minor species. In the presence of acid, 3 and 4 are aerobically oxidized to dbq quantitatively. Kinetic studies show that rate constants for the catalytic aerobic oxidation of H2dbc are proportional to the second or the first order with 1 or 2, respectively, and to the first-order with the O2-partial pressure. Based on these data, diffe.
Assessment Of Neurohumoral Regulation And Oxidative Stress Indices In Patients With Postinfarction Cardiosclerosis

Amac: Kronik kalp yetmezlikli hastalarda oksidatif stres ve natriuretik peptid seviyelerini degerlendirmeyi amacladik Metodlar: Kalp yetmezligi ile komplike olmus postinfarktus kardiosklerozlu 52 erkek hastada(yas:38-60), NP-NT-pro BNP, malondialdehid-benzeri aktivite (MDA), enzimler-katalaz ve superoksit dismutaz (SOD), NO metabolitleri (NO2-NO3), NADPH-diaforaz(eNOS), nitrat redtiktaz(INOS) ve peroksinitrat (ONOO) in kan plazma seviyeleri olculdu ve 6 dakika yurume testi uygulandi. Sonuclar: Kontrol grubu ile kiyaslandigmda NYHA sinif 2-3 hastalarda sirasiyla bazal NT-proBNP seviyelerinin 2,4 ve 3,4 kat, MDA seviyelerinin 2,5 ve 3,5 kat, ONOO formunun 2 ve 3,1 kat, SOD indeksinin %35 ve %44,7 oraninda arttigi saptandi. NYHA sinif 2-3 de kontrol grubu ile kiyasla sirasiyla eNOS %24,6 ve %42,6, NO metabolitleri %28,6 ve %45,4, katalaz seviyesi %37 ve %46,3 arttigi goruldu. Tartisma: NT-proBNP seviyelerinin NYHA sinifi ve oksidatif stresin ciddiyeti ile iliskili oldugu gosterilmistir. Farkli NYHA simflarina bagli olarak natriuretik peptid seviyesinin ve oksidatif stres urunlerinin ki bvinlar artmis MDA urunleri ve azalmis antioksidan enzimler ve NO metabolitleri olup, bunlarin artmis oldugunu saptadik.
Effective Removal and Quantitative Analysis of Pd, Cu, Ni, and Pt Catalysts from Small-Molecule Products

We demonstrate the ability of N,N-diethylphenylazothioformamide and N,N-bis[tetra(ethylene glycol)monomethyl ether]phenylazothioformaimde ligands to dissolve the four transition metals: palladium, copper, nickel and platinum. The method allows solubilisation and quantitative analysis of the transition-metal content in their bulk metallic forms and as nanoparticles produced during their use as catalysts in Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Evolution of O2 from H2O

This paper describes an iron-nickel oxide catalyst that can eliminate oxygen overvoltage in the electrolysis of alkaline water. Oxygen overvoltage is the largest source of energy loss in water electrolysis. A method for cathodic electrodeposition of first-row transition metal oxides for use as catalysts is described, and the effects of the electrodeposition variables on catalytic performance and catalyst composition were explored. The NiFe oxide catalyst achieved a nearly ideal anodic electron-transfer coefficient, αa = 0.0082 (14.8 mV/decade) in a 1 M KOH solution. The metal oxide catalysts reported here could produce hydrogen and oxygen from water at approximately the thermodynamic potential for small currents. Both transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments indicated that the NiFe oxide was composed of small crystals (∼1 nm) connected with an amorphous phase and contained a highly disordered arrangement of all nonmetallic nickel and iron oxidation states. Changes .
Analysis of the Drop Rest Phenomenon

An alternative to the film-thinning model for coalescence of drops at the horizontal liquid–liquid interface has been proposed and elucidated through analysis of drop rest time distribution, both in the presence and absence of added surfactants. The model is based on the assumption that the drop rests at the interface as a result of the repulsive force generated by a high concentration of adsorbate molecules on the opposite faces of the barrier ring. The repulsive force could be DLVO type (double layer force) or non-DLVO type (hydration/steric). High concentration of the adsorbate builds up at the barrier ring during the approach of the drop at the interface, when the resulting shear displaces the adsorbate on the faces of the entrapped film towards the barrier ring. The repulsive force at the barrier ring decays with time, due to back-diffusion of the adsorbate towards the centre of the film. Coalescence occurs when the repulsive force at the barrier ring is too weak to support the weight of the drop. The major cause of the distribution of drop rest time during the experiment involving sequential addition of drops is the drop-to-drop fluctuation in the surface excess of the adsorbate. This fluctuation is caused by the interfacial disturbance resulting from coalescence of the previously added drops and also by non-uniform distribution of the adsorbate at the barrier ring. Based on these ideas, a mathematical model for the rest time distribution has been developed. The model fits well to our own experimental data and those reported in the literature. Validity of the model is established through comparison of the predicted trends of the rest time distribution, with those observed under a variety of experimental conditions. The evidence, which reveals the shortcomings of the currently accepted film-thinning model, has also been presented.
Determination of aflatoxin-B1 in poultry feed and its components employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay was standardized for aflatoxin B1 determination in poultry feed and its components using Riedel-de-Haen, ELISA Systems. A microtitration plate method was optimized using anti-aflatoxin B1 antibodies and peroxidase – aflatoxin B1 conjugate, based on competitive enzyme immunoassay principle. Standards of concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 ng/L aflatoxin B1, prepared in phosphate-buffered saline, were used. Standard curves showed that as the concentration of antigen decreased, absorbance values increased. Fifty percent inhibition was observed at 37 ng/L. Regression analysis showed that log concentration was inversely related to %B/B0, with a highly significant negative correlation (−0.980). The lowest detection limit for aflatoxin B1 was 5 ng/L. Using this standardized ELISA, aflatoxin B1 was detected in most of the commercially available poultry feed samples and their components. The data suggest that this test is suitable for the accurate determination of aflatoxin B1 concentrations in poultry feed and its components.
Influence of spin injection on the critical current density in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 heterostructure

The anisotropic polarized spin injection effect on the critical current density Jc of La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3/La1.85Sr0. 15CuO4 heterostructure is systematically investigated. It is found that the contribution of δTc pinning mechanism is enhanced with spin injection. The angle dependent Jc(θ) near H//c can be scaled by the Ginzburg-Landau (G-L) expression, while for H//ab the intrinsic pinning drives the data to deviate from the G-L fitting. The relative changes of Jc affected by spin injection show opposite variation trends with increasing fields for H//ab and H//c, which is probably related to the different suppressions of injected spins on different flux pinnings.
Variation in essential oil composition of rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) distilled by different distillation techniques

The rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) cultivar ‘Kelkar’, grown in the agroclimatic conditions of the western Himalayas, was processed by various hydrodistillation methods, which revealed that water distillation of the herb gave a higher oil yield (0.16–0.22%) than the water–steam distillation (0.09–0.12%) and steam distillation methods (0.06–0.18%). The samples were analysed by GC and GC–MS to study and compare the essential oil compositions which revealed that the oil distilled by the water–steam distillation method contained a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.7%), followed by steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling (1.5%). A higher content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (4.4%) was found in cumulative oil followed by ‘direct oil’ (4.2%) obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol, followed by the water–steam distillation method (3.4%). ‘Decanted oil’, recovered from redistilling the hydrosol obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling, contained maximum monoterpene cyclic ethers (1.1%) and carbonyl content (9.9%), closely followed by water–steam distillation method (1.1% and 7.2%, respectively). Steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol yielded essential oil with a higher percentage of esters (21.1%), followed by ‘direct oil’ (16.6%). Lower ester content (5.3%) was noticed in ‘decanted oil’, followed by oil distilled by steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (11.8%) and oil distilled in a Clevenger apparatus by the water distillation method (12.2%), whereas maximum total alcohols were found in the ‘decanted oil’ (75.1%), followed by oil from the Clevenger apparatus (72.8%) and steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (69.1%). A lower alcohol content was found in the ‘direct oil’ (55.2%) closely followed by ‘cumulative oil’ (55.8%). The variation in total alcohol and ester contents in geranium oil samples, distilled by using different processing techniques on pilot scale distillation, is mainly due to hydrolysis of some volatile constituents. This was further supported by acid values of the oils, along with other physicochemical properties, such as speciﬁc gravity, optical rotation, refractive index, solubility in alcohol, ester value with cold and hot methods, estimation of ester content as geranyl formate and geranyl tiglate, ester number after acetylation, and ester number after formylation with aceto-formic acid and formic acid. Methods have been standardized and proposed for distillations of speciﬁc quality, e.g. ester-rich and alcohol-rich geranium oils, to meet different requirements of the industry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Derivatives of the Antibiotic Moenomycin A

Moenomycin has been highly selectively converted into amino derivative 3b. The primary amino group of this compound can be used to attach various fluorescent labels to moenomycin, through conversion of isothiocyanates into thioureas and squaric acid diesters into diamides. The application of some of the derivatives is outlined. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Composition and Sources of the Organic Particle Emissions from Aircraft Engines

We report a positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of organic particulate material (PM) emissions of aircraft engine exhaust that includes data from five different aircraft engines and two different fuels (petroleum jet fuel and a Fischer-Tropsch fuel) collected over three field missions. PMF of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) data was used to identify six distinct factors: two lubrication oil factors, two aliphatic factors, an aromatic factor, and a siloxane factor. Of these, the lubrication oil factors and the siloxane factor were noncombustion sources. The siloxane factor was attributed to silicone tubing used in the sampling system deployed in one of the three missions included in this study, but not the other two. The two lubrication oil factors correlate with the two different lubrication oils used by the aircraft engines evaluated in this study (Mobil II and Air BP) as well as minor differences presumably due to variation in the blend stocks, temperature history, and analytical factors. Overall, the sum of the aliphatic and aromatic factors decreased with increasing power, as expected based on known trends in VOC emissions. The aliphatic #1 factor correlated with soot emissions, especially at power conditions where EIm-soot was greater than 30 mg kg? 1. The aliphatic factor #2 mass spectrum shared some similarities with ambient aerosol organic PM present during the tests and correlated most strongly with dilution levels, two observations that suggest that aliphatic #2 contains components found in ambient aerosol. The aromatic factor correlated with benzene emissions, especially at low power conditions were EIm-benzene was greater than 0.03 mg kg? 1. Our results improve the current understanding of aircraft PM composition. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research