Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1-C-glucuronidation of N-nitrosodiethylamine and N-nitrosomethyl-n-pentylamine in vivo and in primary hepatocytes from rats pretreated with inducers.

The organ specificity of the carcinogenic action of nitrosamines is partly explained by organ specific activation. The specificity might also be determined by conjugation of reactive intermediates in e.g. the liver. 14C-Labeled N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) a liver carcinogen and N-nitrosomethyl-n-pentylamine (NMPentA) which induces esophageal and nasal tumors were administered to rats or incubated with primary cells. Urine and cell extracts were separated by HPLC after addition of synthetic marker glucuronides and these were quantified by liquid scintillation counting. In urine of rats treated with NDEA 0.03% of administered nitrosamine was recovered as the O-glucuronide derived from N-nitroso-1-hydroxyethylethylamine. In rats treated with NMPentA 2.86% was metabolized to the glucuronide at the methyl group. In hepatocytes of untreated rats 0.03% of the added NDEA was conjugated to the glucuronide, phenobarbital pretreatment induced this conjugation reaction 5-fold. Hepatocytes from untreated rats metabolized 1.2% of NMPentA to the primary glucuronide; after phenobarbital pretreatment this value increased to 1.6%. In hepatocytes from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats, 0.04% of NMPentA was metabolized to the glucuronide derived from N-nitroso-1-hydroxy-n-pentyl-methylamine, while 0.85% was derived from N-nitroso-hydroxymethyl-n-pentylamine. In hepatocytes from Aroclor-pretreated rats, 0.09% were pentyl conjugates and 1.1% methyl conjugates. The induction pattern and organ specificity of glucuronidation indicate that all three 1-hydroxy nitrosamines are conjugated by group II phenobarbital inducible UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity. The lipophilicity of a nitrosamine seems to determine the extent of glucuronidation in hepatocytes and in vivo. No glucuronides derived from either NDEA or NMPentA were detectable in incubations with kidney cells, nor was the glucuronide of NDEA found in incubations with whole bladders.
Targeting low frequency mutations in breast cancer

I is well established that injection of naked DNA vaccines alone is insufficient to generate clinically relevant immune responses due to inefficient cellular uptake. Over the past two decades, researchers have attempted to improve in vivo DNA delivery through multiple physical or chemical methods including in vivo electroporation (EP). Inovio Pharmaceuticals has recently demonstrated the potential of EP delivery technology for a therapeutic DNA vaccine in a Phase II clinical trial for HPVassociated cervical dysplasia. Therapeutic vaccination of CIN2/3 patients with VGX-3100, a highly optimized HPV-16/18 DNA vaccine administered by CELLECTRA® EP device resulted in robust cellular and humoral immune responses, significant viral clearance and importantly significant regression to CIN1 or no disease. Inovio is currently developing additional EP devices for DNA delivery to a variety of tissues such as muscle, skin and adipose tissue. Here we will discuss the impact of these devices on in vivo DNA uptake and how different EP strategies can be used to optimize delivery of DNA-based vaccines and immunotherapeutics for a variety of therapeutic indications.
Japanese Consumers' Valuation of Rice and Pork from Domestic, U.S., and Other Origins

Adoption of country-of-origin-labeling (COOL) has important implications for U.S. food exports. We assess the impact of COOL on imported rice and pork for Japanese female consumers using an auction experiment. In a first round based only on taste, U.S., Japanese, and third country products were valued similarly. In a second round with information only on product origin, bids for domestic products increased while bids for U.S. and other foreign products declined. Allowing participants to taste products of known origin in a final round did not significantly change an approximate 40% valuation discount for products of U.S. origin.
Acaulospora sieverdingii , an ecologically diverse new fungus in the Glomeromycota, described from lowland temperate Europe and tropical West Africa

From a survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in agroecosystems in Central Europe and West Africa, an undescribed species of Acaulospora was recovered and is presented here under the epithet Acaulospora sieverdingii . Spores of A. sieverdingii are 60-80 μm in diam, hyaline to subhyaline to rarely light yellow and have multiple pitted depressions on the outer spore wall similar to those known for A. alpina, A. cavernata, A. paulinae and A. scrobiculata . The pits in A. sieverdingii are tiny and often irregular and resemble small dots (0.8-1.8 μm) or lines (0.5-1.2 x 1.8- 2.5 μm). Analyses of the ITS1, 5.8S subunit and ITS2 regions of the rDNA resolved each of the fi ve species in a monophyletic wellsupported clade and indicate that A. sieverdingii is phylogenetically closer to A. paulinae, A. cavernata and A. denticulata than to A. scrobiculata . The new species is common in Central Europe only at altitudes below 800 m asl where, to date, it has been detected in crop rotation systems and grasslands in Poland, Germany, France, Switzerland and Italy. Under these conditions it may co-occur with A. paulinae, A. cavernata, A. scrobiculata and several other Acaulospora spp. A. sieverdingii was also recorded from subtropical and tropical agro-ecosystems and consequently appears to be adapted to ecologically diverse environments.
Capabilities and Performance of S-band Semi-active Multi-static Small SAR Constellation for the Equatorial Region

The attractiveness of flying several Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites in a semi-active configuration has been proposed by several studies. The closest implementation of such a mission scenario is exemplified by the current TerraSAR-X and Tandem-X mission, where both spacecraft are identical monostatic platforms capable of operating in various modes. The Bistatic operation mode of the Tandem-X mission is a basic form of the semi-active Multi-static operation mode where one satellite serves as a transmitter while the other records the scattered signals simultaneously. The use of a typical monostatic SAR spacecraft operating intandem with several receiver only spacecraft is a semi-active mode of operation. This paper examines the capabilities of implementing a constellation of S-band spaceborne SAR platform for alongtrack interferometry over the Equatorial Region for velocity measurement with particular focus on ship detection. The proposed orbit for the mission is a low inclined circular low Earth orbit, which ensures high revisit time, quick coverage and high data throughput. The pendulum orbital configuration is adopted to maintain the relative distance between successive SAR platforms. The conditions and constraints necessary to achieve the orbit geometry required to conduct alongtrack interferometry are defined. The alongtrack separation between platforms necessary to measure specified ship velocity is also discussed. Finally an error budget estimate of the measure radial velocity is provided.
Some Non-Ricardian Agents Overturn the Taylor Principle: Pre-Volcker FED policy may have been better than you think

This paper develops a simple framework to analyse monetary policy analytically in dynamic general equilibrium world with sticky prices when some (’non-Ricardian’) agents have zero assets. We build on the approach of Gali, Lopez-Salido and Valles (2003) and look at how the presence of non-Ricardian agents alters some insights from the monetary policy literature. Some well-established results are overturned. Firstly, for simple interest rate rules, the usual Taylor principle is generically reversed: in order to ensure equilibrium uniqueness the central bank needs to pursue a passive rule. An interest rate peg can be fully consistent with a unique rational expectations equilibrium under some (more restrictive) conditions. Secondly, optimal and time consistent monetary policy in a non-Ricardian economy also implies passive policy. We then look at the effects of various shocks under the two scenarios, and provide new insights regarding preVolcker FED policy. If the economy was ’non-Ricardian’ over that period, (i) policy implied a determinate equilibrium and ruled out sunspot fluctuations; (ii) policy might have been closer to optimal than conventional wisdom dictates; (iii) responses and variability of macro variables conditional upon fundamental shocks are close to their estimated counterparts. The conditions for these results to hold are found to be relatively mild in terms of the extent to which the economy is non-Ricardian, for otherwise standard parameterizations of the model. ∗Economics Department, European University Institute, Florence, Italy. florin.bilbiie@iue.it †I am highly indebted to Roberto Perotti for supervision and many useful comments. I am grateful to Giancarlo Corsetti in particular, and to Mike Artis, Fabrice Collard, Roger Farmer, Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe, Kris Nimark, Roland Straub and participants at the EUI Macro Workshop for comments and discussions at various stages. All errors are mine.
The politics of health sector reform in Eastern Europe: the actor-centered institutionalist framework for analysis

The threefold purpose of this paper is to introduce the topic of the politics of health sector reform in Eastern Europe, to critically examine various approaches, theories and concepts of political science applicable to research into this topic and, using this critique, to suggest some promising lines of inquiry into this topic. The paper is organised as follows. It starts with the introduction of the topic. Then the significance as well as theoretical and methodological challenges for research into this topic are considered. It proceeds further by proposing and discussing an explanatory paradigm consisting of methodological individualism, game theory, rational choice theory and new institutionalism. On this ground, the proposition is made that the framework of actor-centered institutionalism provides a promising line of inquiry into the politics of health sector reform in Eastern Europe. It will not only allow to explain past policy choices but also to produce systematic knowledge useful for developing feasible policy recommendations and for designing institutions that maximise public good.
ALTERNATING COTTON ROW PATTERNS TO REDUCE DAMAGE FROM RENIFORM NEMATODES

Two field trials were conducted in north Florida, U.S.A. , to determine any yield advantages of planting cotton into the previous cotton crop row middle rather than the usual in-row planting. Soil at the sites was a loamy sand infested with reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Initial nematode population densities were less in the row middle than in row stubble from the previous year. As the season progressed, reniform nematode population densities in cotton planted in the row middle and in-row were approximately the same. At seasons end, reniform nematode population densities in the row middle of both trials were lower than in the respective in-row plantings. Cotton lint yields were increased by 30% in one test and 40% in another test by planting in previous cotton row middles. This cultural technique requires no additional cost to growers, and allows yield improvement which would be profitable for growers.
Estimates for Discrete-Time Markovian Jump Linear Systems

This paper deals with the problem of filtering for discrete-time Markovian jump linear systems. Predicted and filtered estimates are obtained based on the game theory. Both filters are solved through recursive algorithms. The Markovian system considered assumes that the jump parameters are not accessible. Necessary and sufficient conditions are provided to the existence of the filters. A numerical example is provided in order to show the effectiveness of the approach proposed.
Age-period-cohort analysis of smoking prevalence among young adults in Korea

OBJECTIVES: Smoking prevalence among Korean men in their thirties is substantially high (approximately 50%). An in-depth analysis of smoking trends among young adults in their twenties is necessary to devise antismoking policies for the next 10 years. This study aimed to identify the contributions of age, period, and birth cohort effects on smoking prevalence in young adults. METHODS: Subjects comprised 181,136 adults (83,947 men: 46.3%; 97,189 women: 53.7%) aged 19 to 30 years from the 2008-2013 Korea Community Health Survey. Smoking prevalence adjusted with reference to the 2008 population was applied to the age-period-cohort (APC) model to identify the independent effects of each factor. RESULTS: For men, smoking prevalence rapidly escalated among subjects aged 19 to 22 years and slowed down among those aged 23 to 30 years, declined during 2008 to 2010 but stabilized during 2011 to 2013, and declined in birth cohorts prior to 1988 but stabilized in subjects born after 1988. However, in APC models, smoking prevalence increased with age in the 1988 to 1991 birth cohort. In this birth cohort, smoking prevalence at age 19 to 20 years was approximately 24% but increased to 40% when the subjects turned 23 to 24 years. For women, smoking prevalence was too low to generate consistent results. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past six years and in recent birth cohorts, smoking prevalence in adults aged 19 to 30 years has declined and is stable. Smoking prevalence should be more closely followed as it remains susceptible to an increase depending on antismoking policies or social conditions.
EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF INSOLUBLE AND SOLUBLE FIBRE IN DIETS FOR GROWING RABBITS ON FAECAL DIGESTIBILITY, NITROGEN RECYCLING AND IN VITRO FERMENTATION

The effect of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and neutral detergent soluble fibre (NDSF) on in vivo faecal digestibility and caecal fermentation pattern was studied in growing rabbits, in four diets formulated according to two levels of NDF, 370 (LI) and 450 (HI) g/kg, and two levels of NDSF, 150 (LS) and 180 (HS) g/kg in substitution of starch, in a 2x2 factorial structure. Twenty four New Zealand White rabbits weaned at 28 d (630 ± 80.2 g weight) were allocated to digestibility cages from 42 to 49 d of age to determine apparent faecal digestibility of each diet (n=6). Urine was collected for determination of purine derivatives (PD). Once the digestibility trial finished, rabbits were fitted with PVC neck collars for 24 h total caecotrophe collection. After one day of recovery, animals were slaughtered and caecal contents were used as inocula for 18 h in vitro gas production and caecal degradation (ivDMcD) study, using an HCl-pepsin and pancreatin pre-digested substrate. Diet digestibility was also determined by the in vitro three-step enzymatic procedure. There were no effects of the NDF x NDSF interaction for any digestibility parameter (P>0.10). Both dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD) decreased from 0.518 to 0.442 and from 0.526 to 0.447, respectively, with the inclusion of NDF (P 0.10). In contrast, NDF digestibility (NDFD) and ivDMcD did not respond to NDF (P>0.10) but increased from 0.156 to 0.200 and 0.141 to 0.210 with a ratio of NDSF (P<0.01). Weight of caecal contents increased with both NDF (P<0.001) and NDSF (P<0.01). However, total production of caecotrophes increased from 20.1 to 25.5 g DM/d with NDF (P<0.05), but was not affected by NDSF. The crude protein (CP) proportion in caecotrophes decreased with NDF (P<0.001) and increased with NDSF (P<0.01), and total CP recycled as caecotrophes tended (P=0.093) to be higher in HS diets, being unaffected by the dietary level of NDF. Diets rich in NDSF rendered higher gas volumes (P<0.001) than those with LS from 2 to 18 h incubation, whereas inclusion of high proportions of NDF reduced gas volume (P<0.01). Results indicate that NDF reduces faecal digestibility, whereas NDSF promotes better conditions for caecal fermentation.
Static deformation of an orthotropic elastic layered medium due to a non uniform discontinuity along a very long strike-slip fault

Closed-form analytic expressions for the deformation field at any point of a homogeneous, orthotropic, homogeneous elastic layer interfacing differently to a base due to non-uniform discontinuity (slip) along a very long strike-slip fault situated in the orthotropic elastic layer have been obtained. Four non-uniform slip profiles: parabolic, linear, cubic and elliptic along the fault are considered. Numerically, for each slip profiles the results for the present model (welded contact) are compared with the corresponding results for uniform orthotropic elastic half-space. Contour maps for different slip profiles for each type of interfacing are presented.
Multidimensional roles of flavonoids in background of Gossypium hirsutum

Abstract Anthocyanins are known as the central players in kingdom Planta, elucidating their major role in various abiotic and biotic stresses including physiological events such as plant growth, development and defense responses. Plants synthesize a wide range of chemically diverse secondary metabolites that are distinctively important industrial biochemical compounds. The elucidation of regulatory mechanisms by flavonoids could facilitate the generation of new transgenic cotton varieties along the rational to increase fiber characteristics and yield at the verge of auxin transport. The anthocyanin gene expression and its structural genes encoding enzymes have already been explored in many ornamental flowers. But its particular role in crop plant stress regulatory mechanism is yet to be explored. This brief review summarizes the role of flavonoids against various abiotic factors including drought, light/ultraviolet (UV) stress, water scarcity, temperature variations and so on in the background of cotton crop. These factors adversely affect the growth and productivity of the crops. Moreover, information of the flavonoids metabolic interactions in relation to cotton fiber characteristics still needs to be unrevealed.
Integral Component CCRVC Scheme for Enhancing Security in MANET

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) is the open network environment where nodes can join and leave the network freely. Therefore, the wireless and dynamic natures of MANETs is not secure than the wired networks. To overcome this problem, the Cluster-based Certificate Revocation is proposed with Vindication Capability (CCRVC) scheme. Each cluster consists of a Cluster Head along with some Cluster Members (CMs) located within the transmission range of their cluster Head. Before nodes join the network, they have to acquire valid certificates from the Certification Authority (CA) that is responsible for distribution and management of certificates to all nodes. The CA is also responsible of updating two lists, Warning list and Black list, which are used to hold the accusing and accused nodes information, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is effective and efficient to provide secure communication.
Labor Income and the Design of Default Portfolios in Mandatory Pension Systems: An Application to Chile

Governments often impose choices regarding the levels of savings and the composition of the portfolio of assets in mandatory pension systems; either the share of pay-as-you-go vs. financial assets or the structure of default portfolios to which a majority of workers stick. Yet, it is well known that the optimal savings rate and the structure of the portfolio of assets depend on individual preferences and the properties of human capital. For example, workers whose labor income is very volatile or is highly correlated with the returns on risky financial assets should tilt their portfolios towards safe assets early in life. In this paper we explore the potential welfare gains derived from incorporating this basic principle into the design of the default portfolios offered by DC pension plans, based on the case of the Chilean pension system. We estimate the properties of labor earnings for several representative individuals, simulate their optimal life-cycle portfolio choices and compare with the current institutional defaults. We find very sizable welfare improvements for several of the groups of workers studied. The results suggest that policymakers should take into account education and occupation when defining portfolio defaults. These principles apply more generally to the choice between pay-as-you-go vs. financial assets – and we argue – could improve incentive for some groups to contribute.
An exploratory investigation of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and substance abuse in undergraduate college students

iii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review 4 2.1 Importance of Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4 2.2 A Review of the Existing Research: Factors Related to PTSD 5 2.3 Implications 22 Chapter 3: Methodology 24 3.1 Participants 24 3.2 Materials 24 3.3 Design 26 3.4 Procedure 29 Chapter 4: Results 31 4.1 Scoring and Analysis Investigating PTSD Symptoms 31 4.2 Scoring and Analysis Investigating Problem Severity 32 4.3 Scoring and Analysis of Defensiveness 33 4.4 Supplemental Information 34 Chapter 5: Discussion 36 5.1 Conclusions Regarding Extreme Stress and Substance Use in Sample 36 5.2 Limitations 39 Future Research 41 References 43
Use of triticale grains in broiler chick diets containing dry fat

The present study was conducted using 400 Ross chicks to determine the efficiency of partial substitution of corn with triticale grain and dry fat (Feedar) on the broiler performance, meat quality and mineral utilization. The chicks were arranged as a complete block design with four treatments and 4 replicate/ treatment (25 chicks/ replicate). The treatments were diet 1: basal diet (corn representing 100% of grain component and corn oil - C); diet 2: (corn representing 100% of grain component and dry fat - T0); diet 3: (50% corn and 50% triticale of grain components and dry fat - T50); diet 4: (75% corn and 25% triticale of grain components and dry fat - T25). Weekly body gain, feed intake were recorded. At slaughter, blood and liver samples were collected for further analysis. Results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between chicks from C, T50 and T25 in term of total weight gain compared to chicks from T0. Feed intakes were significantly higher in chicks in the T50 group compared with other groups. The feed conversion ratios were significantly higher in chicks fed different levels compared with the control and T0 groups. Moreover, there were no significant effect of treatments on the concentration of Cu, Zn and Mn in liver, but Mg and Co were affected. Carcass dressing and abdominal fat percentages were not affected by the treatments, but lipid percentage in breasts and drumsticks were significantly higher (P<0.05) with added dry fat and triticale when compared to the control group. In conclusion, triticale decreased weight gain during the first three weeks and increased the final feed conversion by almost 20%. However, triticale grain can replace corn up to 50%.
——Taking the Bo people's music and its music iconography database as an example

An unstructured music iconography data system constructed by key technologies like Dublin Core, Lucene technology and MVC framework is studied in this paper. Results indicate that the traditional direc- tory tree and the existing indexing and searching tools are severely insufficient in the organization and manage- ment of the massive unstructured data. Relevant documents can be searched effectively and rapidly through the index established by provided by BeFS. Key technologies, such as Dublin Core, Lucene tech- nology and MVC framework, can be applied to the construction of the enormous unstructured database of music and image resources. The database system test can be divided into two links, functional test and performance test. The test results of the Bo people's music and image database system obtained through the tested design scheme indicate that the performance of the system is relatively high and able to satisfy the concurrent access of massive data with excellent user experience.