Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis using bone substitutes and membrane: a systematic review.

PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to assess the available literature for regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis using bone graft substitutes and membranes. METHODS A search in electronic databases was conducted to assess all types of clinical studies treating bone defects derived from peri-implantitis using guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques. RESULTS During the first screening, 399 titles were identified. Finally, 17 articles reporting on 173 implants were included. The articles mainly focused on radiographic bone fill of the defect. Qualitative measures of "bone fill" were reported: 10.4% of the implants showed complete "bone fill," whereas 85.5% revealed incomplete defect closure. No bone fill was shown in 4.0%. Little information (in 53.2%) was provided regarding the probing depth before or after treatment. Data concerning the inflammatory status of soft tissues were also scarce and only reported in three studies. A large heterogeneity concerning disinfection protocols and regenerative materials used was found. The high percentage of low-quality studies rendered a meta-analysis impossible. CONCLUSION Complete fill of the bony defect using GBR seems not to be a predictable outcome. The mucosal health status is left unconsidered in most studies. Well-controlled trials are needed to determine predictable treatment protocols for the successful regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis using GBR technique.
Modeling and control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Conversion System

This paper presents a general modeling and an experimental validation of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Conversion System (WCS). The Wind Conversion System has been briefly presented. Then, the d q control of the Grid Side Converter (GSC) has been detailed theoretically. Moreover, the decoupled active and reactive powers control of the DFIG has been presented. The last is carried out by using the Rotor Side Converter (RSC) to control the direct and quadrature components of the DFIG rotor currents. Both GSC and RSC control algorithms are implemented on a DSPACE board plugged in a Dell PC. The performance of the DFIG control is verified by experimental results.
A simple and rapid method for detection of apoptosis in human cells.

Programmed cell death or apoptosis is an important regulatory elimination pathway in the development of many animal cell lineages. Apoptosis phenomena have been described in the selective removal of T-cells during clonal selection in the thymus (for review, see ref. 1), during normal erythropoesis (2) and tumour regression (3). Microscopically, apoptosis is characterised by a nuclear collapse which is accompanied by a fragmentation of the cellular chromatin to single or multiple mononucleosomal units mediated by an endogenous endonuclease (4). Extensive apoptosis can easily be visualised by electrophoresis in agarose gels after staining with ethidium bromide (5), whereas the measurement of low levels of nucleosomal autolysis is often accompanied by time consuming prelabeling experiments of total DNA using 3H-thymidine (6) or by hybridisation with 32p-labeled bulk cellular DNA (3), sometimes creating high background signals in autoradiography. To circumvent these problems, we devised a simple and quick method to detect apoptosis in human cells. The protocol is based on the assumption that the endonuclease involved in programmed cell death might share some of the proposed biochemical cleavage properties as described for DNAse 1 (7), namely first binding at the minor groove and cutting one strand of the DNA. The mechanism, which is subsequently repeated for the other DNA strand, should create sticky-end like fragments. If such fragmentation products even leave free 3'-OH ends, the resulting nucleosomal ladder should be detected by simply end-labeling the purified DNA by Klenow polymerase.
Neural correlates of food anticipatory activity in mice subjected to once‐ or twice‐daily feeding periods

In rodents, restricted food access to a limited period each day at a predictable time results in the appearance of food anticipatory activity (FAA). Two shorter periods of food access each day can result in two FAA bouts. In this study, we examine FAA under 12:12 and 18:6 photoperiods in mice (Mus musculus) with one or two food access periods per day and measure the activation of the suprachiasmatic, dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei by assaying Fos protein expression, while making use of tissue‐type plasminogen activator knockout mice to assess the role of neural plasticity in adaptation to restricted feeding cycles. Long days were utilised to allow for temporal separation of two restricted feeding periods during the light phase. Mice fed twice per day generally divided FAA into two distinct bouts, with mice lacking tissue‐type plasminogen activator showing reduced FAA. Increases in Fos expression in response to one restricted feeding period per day were seen in the dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei in both 12:12 and 18:6 conditions, with an increase seen in the SCN in only the 12:12 condition. These increases were eliminated or reduced in the two feeding time conditions (done in 18:6 only). Both activity patterns and Fos expression differed for single restricted feeding times between 18:6 and 12:12 photoperiods. Fos activation was lower during RF in 18:6 than 12:12 across all three brain regions, a pattern not reflective of changes in FAA. These data suggest that involvement of these regions in FAA may be influenced by photoperiodic context.
Singular Value Decomposition Approaches in A Correspondence Analysis with The Use of R

Abstract The aim of a correspondence analysis is the graphical representation of the categories of variables in one frame of reference. This visualization is possible due to the decomposition of the basic matrix with the use of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). There are three matrices used in the process of decomposition: right singular vectors, left singular vectors, and a singular value diagonal matrix. The aim of this paper is to compare four different approaches and algorithms of SVD methods used in a correspondence analysis. In the literature, four approaches are known to singular value decomposition, defined by: R.A. Fisher (1940), M.J. Greenacre (1984), E.B. Anderson (1991), and J.D. Jobson (1992). Those computational procedures will be presented and compared in this paper. Also, methods of determining the coordinates of the category column and line matrix, as well as the values of inertia will be defined for these approaches. A key problem is to compare the well-known approaches, since in the literature only one approach ‒ proposed by Greenacre ‒ is used for singular value decomposition. The reason of the superiority of this algorithm over the others may be the simplicity and ease of the mathematical calculations. Greenacre’s algorithm is also used in R statistical software, making its availability and popularity growing, however, other algorithms are worth presenting and focusing on.
Surgical embolus removal in retinal artery occlusion

Aims: To evaluate the anatomical outcomes, safety and functional effectiveness of surgical embolus removal in retinal artery occlusion (RAO). Methods: Prospective study of seven patients with RAO of <36 h duration. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy and a longitudinal incision of the anterior wall of the occluded arteriole in an attempt to remove the embolus. Outcome measures included visual acuity and arteriolar reperfusion, as evaluated with fluorescein angiography. Results: Surgical removal of the embolus was achieved in six of the seven (87.5%) patients, visual acuity improved from a median of 20/400 (range: hand movements 20/25) to 20/40 (range: hand movements 20/25), and reperfusion of the occluded vessel was angiographically confirmed in four of the six patients in whom the embolus was successfully removed. Conclusion: Surgical removal of retinal arterial emboli seems to be an effective and safe treatment for RAO, but a randomised and controlled clinical trial will be necessary to establish an evidence base for the role, if any, of this intervention.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders.

It has been recently hypothesized that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) might be involved in the pathogenesis of malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). On the basis of this observation we sought to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in the patients affected by B-cell NHL and extended our analysis to all the patients affected by lymphoproliferation disorders seen at our institution in the last 30 months. Five hundred and thirty-seven unselected, consecutive patients were studied. HCV infection was investigated through detection of anti-HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA. HCV genotyping was performed on HCV-RNA positive specimens. The risk of being infected by HCV was compared with that of the general population of our area. Among all lymphoproliferative disorders, the prevalence and the relative risk (RR) of being infected by HCV were increased only among B-cell NHL (9%; RR 3.24; p < .0001). Among these, a strong prevalence of HCV was found only in the subgroup of immunocytomas (30%; RR 10.27; P < .0001), while other histotypes were associated with it only occasionally. Because HCV-positive lymphomas clinically behave as essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC), the close association between HCV infection and EMC is confirmed, and evidence is provided that the pathological substrate of EMC corresponds to the immunocytoma. HCV genomic sequences were found in 84% of patients analyzed. Viral genotypes were those more frequent in our area.
Rats Smell in Stereo

It has been hypothesized that rats and other mammals can use stereo cues to localize odor sources, but there is limited behavioral evidence to support this hypothesis. We found that rats trained on an odor-localization task can localize odors accurately in one or two sniffs. Bilateral sampling was essential for accurate odor localization, with internasal intensity and timing differences as directional cues. If the stimulus arrived at the correct point of the respiration cycle, internasal timing differences as short as 50 milliseconds sufficed. Neuronal recordings show that bulbar neurons responded differentially to stimuli from the left and stimuli from the right.
AMPA and NMDA Receptors in P2 Fractions of Cocaine and Cocaine–Prazosin‐Treated Rats

Abstract: Cocaine sensitization results in the development of increased locomotion and stereotypy. It is accompanied by changes in glutamatergic trasmission that appear to be region‐specific. The purpose of this article was to determine the effect(s) of cocaine and prazosin plus cocaine treatments on ionotropic glutamate receptors in rat cerebral cortex (CTX) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Cocaine‐sensitized rats (15 mg/kg, i.p. once for 5 days), withdrawn (7 days) and later challenged with a single cocaine dose, showed region‐specific in NMDA‐2A and Glu‐R2 in the CTX and PFC membranes in cocaine‐ and prazosin‐treated rats when compared to the saline controls. Co‐administration of prazosin inhibits sensitization and changes in NMDA 2A and Glu‐R2. Furthermore, prazosin inhibits the effect of cocaine in CTX and PFC on [3H]FW (AMPA agonist) binding when compared to controls. In cortex, cocaine treatment causes a marked increase in total binding, while in PFC there is a significant decrease. In both regions, cocaine–prazosin treatment attenuates the effects of cocaine. These results suggest that cocaine affects ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDA and AMPA) and that prazosin inhibits such effects in a region‐specific form in rat brain.
Oseltamivir-Resistant Variants of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Are Not Attenuated in the Guinea Pig and Ferret Transmission Models

ABSTRACT Oseltamivir is routinely used worldwide for the treatment of severe influenza A virus infection, and should drug-resistant pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses become widespread, this potent defense strategy might fail. Oseltamivir-resistant variants of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus have been detected in a substantial number of patients, but to date, the mutant viruses have not moved into circulation in the general population. It is not known whether the resistance mutations in viral neuraminidase (NA) reduce viral fitness. We addressed this question by studying transmission of oseltamivir-resistant mutants derived from two different isolates of the pandemic H1N1 virus in both the guinea pig and ferret transmission models. In vitro, the virus readily acquired a single histidine-to-tyrosine mutation at position 275 (H275Y) in viral neuraminidase when serially passaged in cell culture with increasing concentrations of oseltamivir. This mutation conferred a high degree of resistance to oseltamivir but not zanamivir. Unexpectedly, in guinea pigs and ferrets, the fitness of viruses with the H275Y point mutation was not detectably impaired, and both wild-type and mutant viruses were transmitted equally well from animals that were initially inoculated with 1:1 virus mixtures to naïve contacts. In contrast, a reassortant virus containing an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal NA in the pandemic H1N1 background showed decreased transmission efficiency and fitness in the guinea pig model. Our data suggest that the currently circulating pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus has a high potential to acquire drug resistance without losing fitness.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in complex I and tRNA genes in Parkinson’s disease

Objective: To identify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that predispose to PD. Background: Mitochondrial complex I activity is deficient in PD. mtDNA mutations may account for the defect, but the specific mutations have not been identified. Methods: Complete sequencing was performed of all mtDNA-encoded complex I and transfer RNA (tRNA) genes in 28 PD patients and 8 control subjects, as well as screening of up to 243 additional PD patients and up to 209 control subjects by restriction digests for selected mutations. Results: In the PD patients, 15 complex I missense mutations and 9 tRNA mutations were identified. After screening additional subjects, rare PD patients were found to carry complex I mutations that altered highly conserved amino acids. However, no significant differences were found in the frequencies of any mutations in PD versus control groups. The authors were unable to confirm previously reported associations of mutations at nucleotide positions (np) 4336, 5460, and 15927/8 with PD. Complex I mutations previously linked to Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, one of which has been linked to atypical parkinsonism, were not associated with PD. Conclusions: mtDNA mutations with a high mutational burden (present in a high percentage of mtDNA molecules in an individual) in complex I or tRNA genes do not play a major role in the risk of PD in most PD patients. Further investigations are necessary to determine if any of the rare mtDNA mutations identified in PD patients play a role in the pathogenesis of PD in those few cases.
Musashi-2 (MSI2) supports TGF-β signaling and inhibits claudins to promote non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis

Significance The evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) regulates mRNA translation and influences multiple biological processes, including maintenance of stem cell identity. This work for the first time, to our knowledge, identifies that more aggressive patient tumors have higher MSI2 levels. We define a critical role for MSI2 in supporting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invasiveness and further define claudins 3, 5, and 7 (CLDN3, CLDN5, and CLDN7), TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFβR1), and the small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) as targets through which MSI2 regulates this process. The observation that MSI2 expression is progressively elevated from an early stage in human NSCLC tumors suggests that this protein may play an essential role in the reprogramming of TGF-β signaling from growth-inhibiting to invasion-promoting during oncogenesis. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a 5-y survival rate of ∼16%, with most deaths associated with uncontrolled metastasis. We screened for stem cell identity-related genes preferentially expressed in a panel of cell lines with high versus low metastatic potential, derived from NSCLC tumors of KrasLA1/+;P53R172HΔG/+ (KP) mice. The Musashi-2 (MSI2) protein, a regulator of mRNA translation, was consistently elevated in metastasis-competent cell lines. MSI2 was overexpressed in 123 human NSCLC tumor specimens versus normal lung, whereas higher expression was associated with disease progression in an independent set of matched normal/primary tumor/lymph node specimens. Depletion of MSI2 in multiple independent metastatic murine and human NSCLC cell lines reduced invasion and metastatic potential, independent of an effect on proliferation. MSI2 depletion significantly induced expression of proteins associated with epithelial identity, including tight junction proteins [claudin 3 (CLDN3), claudin 5 (CLDN5), and claudin 7 (CLDN7)] and down-regulated direct translational targets associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, including the TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFβR1), the small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3), and the zinc finger proteins SNAI1 (SNAIL) and SNAI2 (SLUG). Overexpression of TGFβRI reversed the loss of invasion associated with MSI2 depletion, whereas overexpression of CLDN7 inhibited MSI2-dependent invasion. Unexpectedly, MSI2 depletion reduced E-cadherin expression, reflecting a mixed epithelial–mesenchymal phenotype. Based on this work, we propose that MSI2 provides essential support for TGFβR1/SMAD3 signaling and contributes to invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung and may serve as a predictive biomarker of NSCLC aggressiveness.
Presence and effects of marine microbial biofilms on biocide-based antifouling paints

Abstract Marine microorganisms are capable of successfully colonizing toxic surfaces through the formation of biofilm structures. In this article, most of the literature reporting the presence of marine biofilms on chemically-active antifouling paints is briefly reviewed. Of special concern is the influence of the dense extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix on the release rate of the compounds involved in antifouling paint performance (i.e. active compounds and controlled-release binder molecules). A deeper understanding of these phenomena is of interest for both environmental legislators and paint formulators.
Journeys of the Past: A Hidden Markov Approach to Georeferencing Historical Itineraries

There are many historical itineraries that describe routes as a list of settlements and the travel distances along the way. They are an important source of information for various kinds of research in the humanities, providing insights into for example the development of human mobility and historical road networks. In this paper, we develop an approach for aligning these itineraries with a modern gazetteer (database of places). We combine textual information (historical toponyms) and spatial information (travel distances) into a Hidden Markov model. Naively calculating a maximum likelihood explanation is slow, but careful algorithm engineering achieves high performance suitable for user interaction. We demonstrate the practical potential of our approach by geo-referencing 48 itineraries (containing 691 stops) from two important historical guidebooks published in 1563 and 1597: our approach is fast and accurate. Additionally, we show how to use sensitivity analysis to power an efficient user interface for quality assurance.
The Immune Tolerance of Cancer is Mediated by IDO That is Inhibited by COX-2 Inhibitors Through Regulatory T Cells

Prostaglandin (PGE2), synthesized by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is associated with cellular immune tolerance during the process of cancer development. Induction of tolerance requires a specific environment in which dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role. It was recently shown that maturation of dendritic cells in the presence of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) results in activation of Tregs, and inhibition of COX-2 activity regulated IDO expression within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we hypothesized that the tumor immune tolerance would be inhibited by COX-2 inhibitor and this inhibition would be mediated by IDO-dependent Tregs inhibition. The PGE2 in Lewis lung cancer cells (3LL) and serum of mice were measured for the evaluation of COX-2 inhibitors' local and systemic effects. The production of PGE2 in 3LL cells and serum of 3LL tumor-bearing mice were decreased by COX-2 inhibition. However, there were no significant differences in serum PGE2 levels among normal control and celecoxib-treated nontumor-bearing mice. The accumulation of Tregs was reduced in the celecoxib-treated 3LL tumor-bearing mice. In addition, the expressions of COX-2, IDO, and Foxp3 were reduced in the mice treated with a COX-2 inhibitor, and this was found to correlate with a reduction in the size of tumor mass and metastasis. These results suggest that the antitumor effects of COX-2 inhibitors seemed to be correlated with the inhibition of IDO and Tregs. Therefore, COX-2 inhibitors might provide a therapeutic strategy for Tregs-induced tumor immune tolerance.
Early Noninvasive Ventilation and Nonroutine Transfusion for Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease in Children: A Descriptive Study

Objectives: To describe the need for transfusion and short- and long-term evolutions of pediatric sickle cell disease patients with acute chest syndrome for whom early continuous noninvasive ventilation represented first-line treatment. Design: Single-center retrospective chart study in PICU. Setting: A tertiary and quaternary referral PICU. Patients: All sickle cell disease patients 5–20 years old admitted with confirmed acute chest syndrome and not transfused in the previous month were included. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Demographic data, laboratory and radiologic findings, transfusions, invasive ventilation, oxygen and noninvasive ventilation settings, duration of opioid treatment, length of hospital stay, and severe sickle cell disease complications in the ensuing 2 years were extracted from medical charts. Sixty-six acute chest syndrome in 48 patients were included. Continuous early noninvasive ventilation was well tolerated in 65 episodes, with positive expiratory pressure 4 cm H2O and pressure support 10 cm H2O (median) administered continuously, then discontinued during 7 days (median). No patient necessitated invasive ventilation or died. Twenty-three acute chest syndrome (35%) received transfusions; none received blood exchange. Transfused patients had more frequent upper lobe radiologic involvement, more severe anemia, higher reticulocyte counts, and higher C-reactive protein than nontransfused patients. Their evolution was more severe in terms of length of opioid requirement, length of noninvasive ventilation treatment, overall time on noninvasive ventilation, and length of stay. At 2-year follow-up after the acute chest syndrome episode, no difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusions: Early noninvasive ventilation combined with nonroutine transfusion is well tolerated in acute chest syndrome in children and may spare transfusion in some patients. Early recognition of patients still requiring transfusion is essential and warrants further studies.