Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double Irreversibility and Environmental Policy Design

The design of environmental policy typically takes place within a framework in which uncertainty over the future impact of pollution and two different kinds of irreversibilities interact. The first kind of irreversibility concerns the sunk cost of environmental degradation; the second is related to the sunk cost of environmental policy. Clearly, the two irreversibilities pull in opposite directions: policy irreversibility leads to more pollution and a less/later policy while environmental irreversibility generates less pollution and a more/sooner policy. Using a real option approach and an infinite time horizon model, this paper considers both irreversibilities simultaneously. The model first is developed by paying particular attention to the option values related to pollution and policy adoption. Solving the model in closed form then provides solutions for both the optimal pollution level and the optimal environmental policy timing. Finally, the model is "calibrated" with the purpose of appraising which irreversibility has the prevailing effect and what is the overall impact of both irreversibilities on pollution and policy design.
Game para Ensino de Planejamento Estratégico

A area de Administracao tem se mostrado uma area propicia para desenvolvimento de games educativos. Este artigo apresenta o estudo, projeto e desenvolvimento de um game para auxiliar no processo de ensino/aprendizagem para a area de planejamento estrategico. Este game baseia-se no estilo point and click, ja utilizado em games focados em treinamentos de gestao e encontra-se em fase de aplicacao em sala de aula.
Research Infrastructures for Hardware Accelerators

Abstract Hardware acceleration in the form of customized datapath and control circuitry tuned to specific applications has gained popularity for its promise to utilize transistors more efficiently. Historically, the computer architecture community has focused on general-purpose processors, and extensive research infrastructure has been developed to support research efforts in this domain. Envisioning future computing systems with a diverse set of general-purpose cores and accelerators, computer architects must add accelerator-related research infrastructures to their toolboxes to explore future heterogeneous systems. This book serves as a primer for the field, as an overview of the vast literature on accelerator architectures and their design flows, and as a resource guidebook for researchers working in related areas. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Why Accelerators, Now? / A Taxonomy of Accelerators. / Accelerator Design Flow 101. / Accelerator Modeling / Workload Characterization for Acce.
A 32-40 GHz 7-bit CMOS Phase Shifter with 0.38dB/1.6° RMS Magnitude/Phase Errors for Phased Array Systems

This paper presents a 32-40GHz 7-bit programmable passive vector synthesis phase shifter in 65 nm CMOS. It mainly consists of a compact differential hybrid quadrature generator (HQG) based on folded transformer and a 12-bit binary weighted passive vector modulation (PVM) composed of two 6-bit phase invariant passive variable gain amplifiers (VGAs). Two additional inter-stage matching transformer are placed between the HQG and VGAs in order to obtain wider bandwidth and better amplitude and phase performances. The measurement results show a RMS phase error of 0.45° to 1.6° over 32-40 GHz, and 0.45° to 1.1° over 33-39 GHz, whereas covering 360° phase range at 2.8° resolution. The measured variation of insertion loss (IL) is below ±0.8dB over 32-40 GHz and below ±0.6dB over 33-39 GHz, the RMS magnitude error is less than 0.38 dB over 32-40 GHz. The power consumption is zero and the core die area is 630 um*220 um.
WEBFOLIO APPLICATION IN PRIMARY EDUCATION: Qualities and Usability of Webfolio System

In today’s world, educational establishments should follow and utilize technological developments in order to improve the quality of educational activities. One of the fields that technology can be integrated into educational establishments is evaluation. There is a tendency of process evaluation in today’s evaluation field, and portfolios are among these process evaluation tools. In order to provide a faster and easier process, portfolios have been prepared in electronic settings and transformed into e-portfolios. Moreover, in time, e-portfolios had to be moved into web to improve their efficiency, and web-based-portfolio (Webfolio) emerged. The aim of this study is to identify the qualities of products, which came up as a part of webfolio application applied in primary education, and to determine the use of webfolios both by students and teachers. In this study, which aims to determine how effective webfolios are, one of the qualitative research designs, Natural Inquiry Approach was preferred. In this study, one of the purposeful sampling methods, criterion sampling was used was held in a private school connected to National Education Directorate of Eskisehir in 2008-2009 academic year spring term. Webfolios prepared by students, assignments given by the teacher, and other digital data available in webfolio system were used as data collection tools. When student webfolios were examined concerning their quality, most webfolios prepared by the students were found to be qualified enough in terms of readability, authenticity, timeliness, and the use of media sources. However, most of the student webfolios do not have a systematic design. The assignments given by the teacher was determined to be readable, clear, and has no misspelling. It was also observed that the teacher urged students to deliver their webfolios in time, suggested the use of class book and the Internet. Students, in their webfolios, preferred using text, picture and tables, but did not prefer to use video sources.
Chapter 13 Nostalgia Conceptual Issues and Existential Functions

Approximately 2,800 years ago, a blind poet wandered from city to city in Greece telling a tall tale—that of a nobleman, war hero, and daring adventurer who did not catch sight of his homeland for 20 long years. The poet was Homer and the larger-than-life character was Odysseus. Homer sang the epic adventures of cunning Odysseus who fought the Trojan War for 10 years and labored for another 10 on a die-hard mission to return to his homeland, the island of Ithaca, and reunite with his loyal wife, Penelope, and their son, Telemachus. Three of the 10 return years were spent on sea, facing the wrath of Gods, monsters, and assorted evil-doers. The other 7 were spent on the island of Ogygia, in the seducing arms of a nymph, the beautiful and possessive Calypso. Yet, despite this dolce vita, Odysseus never took his mind off Ithaca, refusing Calypso’s offer to make him immortal. On the edge of ungratefulness, he confided to his mistress, “Full well I acknowledge Prudent Penelope cannot compare with your stature or beauty, for she is only a mortal, and you are immortal and ageless. Nevertheless it is she whom I daily desire and pine for. Therefore I long for my home and to see the day of returning” (Homer, The Odyssey, trans. 1921, Book V, pp. 78–79). 1 Return was continually on Odysseus’ mind, and the Greek word for it is nostos. His burning wish for nostos afflicted unbearable suffering on Odysseus, and the Greek word for it is algos. Nostalgia, then, is the psychological suffering caused by unrelenting yearning to
An Improved KNN Algorithm for Product Quality and Safety Incident Information Tracking

In recent years, product quality and safety event shave happened frequently, which poses a threat to the health and property safety of consumers. With the development of the Internet, Web news has become one of the important channels for information release regarding product quality and safety issues. Therefore, identifying and tracking these incidents information plays an important role in providing early warning for product quality and safety problems. This paper presents K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) algorithm as the methods of event and the topic tracking, and takes into account the correlation of product quality and safety WEB news to improve KNN algorithm. The "hole shoes" event as an example is to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Determining Lower Bounds for Packing Densities of Non-layered Patterns Using Weighted Templates

The packing density of a permutation pattern $\pi$ is the limiting value, ${n}$ $\rightarrow$ $\infty$, of the maximum proportion of subsequences of $\sigma$ $\in$ ${S_{n}}$ that are order-isomorphic to $\pi$. We generalize methods for obtaining lower bounds for the packing density of any pattern and demonstrate the methods' usefulness when patterns are non-layered.
Discussion: The Economics of Animal Welfare

This discussion highlights some of the strengths and weaknesses of the literature on animal welfare. Most pointedly, the literature on the economics of animal welfare is quite scant. As exemplified by these papers, however, there is a growing body of literature, especially those related to added costs of production and consumer demand for animal welfare attributes.
Signals that produce 3' termini in CYC1 mRNA of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The cyc1-512 mutant was previously shown to contain a 38-bp deletion, 8 nucleotides upstream from the major wild-type poly(A) site, in the CYC1 gene, which encodes iso-1-cytochrome c of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This 38-bp deletion caused a 90% reduction in the CYC1 transcripts, which were heterogeneous in size, aberrantly long, and presumably labile (K. S. Zaret and F. Sherman, Cell 28:563-573, 1982). Site-directed mutagenesis in and adjacent to the 38-bp region was used to identify signals involved in the formation and positioning of CYC1 mRNA 3' ends. In addition, combinations of various putative 3' end-forming signals were introduced by in vitro mutagenesis into the 3' region of the cyc1-512 mutant. The combined results from both studies suggest that 3' end formation in yeast cells involves signals having the following three distinct but integrated elements acting in concert: (i) the upstream element, including sequences TATATA, TAG . TATGTA, and TTTTTATA, which function by enhancing the efficiency of downstream elements; (ii) downstream elements, such as TTAAGAAC and AAGAA, which position the poly(A) site; and (iii) the actual site of polyadenylation, which often occurs after cytidine residues that are 3' to the so-called downstream element. While the upstream element is required for efficient 3' end formation, alterations of the downstream element and poly(A) sites generally do not affect the efficiency of 3' end formation but appear to alter the positions of poly(A) sites. In addition, we have better defined the upstream elements by examining various derivatives of TATATA and TAG . TATGTA, and we have examined the spatial requirements of the three elements by systematically introducing or deleting upstream and downstream elements and cytidine poly(A) sites.
Employee stock ownership and employee attitudes: a test of three models.

Etude des conditions necessaires pour que la possession d'actions de l'entreprise par un employe de cette entreprise influence positivement l'attitude professionnelle de l'employe: on teste trois modeles rendant compte de ces conditions de satisfaction. Analyse basee sur les reponses de 2.804 employes actionnaires de 37 compagnies pratiquant la participation
A Novel Pose and Light Invariant Face Recognition System in Videos Using Advanced Local Directional Patterns

—Face recognition system have now been widely adopted in wide range of applications starting from mobile authentication to attendance system. Due to availability of the camera with various devices, and ease of development and deployment of such system. The accuracy of many of the modern day commercial and research face recognition system are as per the other biometrics like fingerprint biometric. Alongside face biometric systems, video based face recognition systems are also gaining popularity every day in wide range of applications starting from content serving to surveillance. Such techniques are affected by uncontrolled environment, pose variation, light intensity variations, motion artefacts, and blurring and high frame rate. Therefore existing isolated facial biometric systems do not work well in the context of video based face recognition system. Such a systems are computationally expensive and demand a fast recognition technique along with accuracy as detection and recognition task need to be performed on every frame. Though some of the past research works have proposed different techniques in video based face recognition systems, they are yet not being as widely standardized and accepted as isolated face biometric system. This paper proposes a novel technique for real time face recognition using local directional pattern (LDP). Our method selects a frame as reference frame and extracts the face in the frame which is recognized by matching the database frames. Faces in the subsequent frames are matched with the reference frame only, reducing the number of comparison significantly. When the face in a video frame is found to not matching with the current reference frame, it is matched against the database frames and the recognized face is considered as the current reference face. We validate our technique by constructing random video sequences of one minute at 2fps using Yale face dataset. The techniques are validated against two popular video based face recognition techniques: Ensemble based technique and Exemplar based technique and a traditional isolated face recognition technique in the form of PCA based face biometric. Results show that the proposed technique outperforms the other peers in terms of both speeds of recognition as well as recognition accuracy
Eyelid Margin Basal Cell Carcinoma Managed With Full-Thickness En-Face Frozen Section Histopathology

Purpose: To determine the tumor control rate of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the eyelid margin managed by full-thickness eyelid resection with en-face frozen section-controlled margins and primary reconstruction of the defect. Methods: This is a retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative, longitudinal interventional case series from a single institution. A review of medical records of all patients with BCC involving the eyelid margin treated by full-thickness en-face frozen section histopathology between June 1997 and June 2011 was conducted. All cases were managed with gross full-thickness resection of the eyelid margin tumor with subsequent reconstruction. Intraoperative frozen section histopathology was performed on additional 1-mm thick medial, lateral, and inferior/superior specimens in a full-thickness en-face fashion. The main outcome measure was rate of recurrence over the follow-up period. Additional data collected included patient demographics, lesion site and size, histopathology, reconstructive technique, and postoperative complications. Results: The review resulted in a total of 74 patients with 77 lesions. Of these, 45 lesions had a minimum 5-year follow up. Those cases that involved the lacrimal system were excluded resulting in a total of 43 cases for analysis, which had a mean follow up of 6.4 years (range, 5.0–13.0). Three cases (6.9%) represented a recurrent BCC, while all other cases were primary BCCs. The histopathological subtypes included nodular (65.1%), infiltrative (18.6%), and superficial (16.3%). There were no cases of recurrence (100% cure rate) over the follow-up period. Most defects (88.4%) were reconstructed by direct closure or a temporal rotation flap. The only complication noted was the development of a hypertrophic scar in 1 patient that resolved with conservative management. In the total series of 77 lesions, the mean follow-up period was 4.5 years (range, 0.5–13.0). One recurrence (1.3%) was detected after 1.1 years for an infiltrative BCC measuring 10.0 mm in diameter that involved the lacrimal system. Conclusions: Eyelid margin BCC can be managed effectively with full-thickness en-face frozen section-controlled excision and primary reconstruction of the defect. The high cure rate compares favorably with other excision techniques such as Mohs micrographic surgery, with the advantages of a single operation and excellent reconstructive result.
Natural products research in South Africa: End of an era on land or the beginning of an endless opportunity in the sea?

South African organic chemistry is deeply rooted in a rich history of natural product chemistry research with the secondary metabolites emanating from South Africa’s unique floral kingdoms dominating this research for nearly a century. However, South Africa’s terrestrial biodiversity is exceeded by an even greater diversity of marine flora and fauna occurring off its coast, which remain a relatively untapped source of novel biomolecules with unrealized pharmaceutical and agrochemical potential. Examples of the seemingly endless opportunities arising from exploration of the diverse bioactivities of South African plant and marine natural products, together with their semi-synthetic analogues, are presented here. Keywords: Marine Natural Products, Diterpenes
Fusarium infections of the skin.

Fusarium species are ubiquitous and may be found in the soil, air and on plants. Fusarium species can cause mycotoxicosis in humans following ingestion of food that has been colonized by the fungal organism. In humans, Fusarium species can also cause disease that is localized, focally invasive or disseminated. The pathogen generally affects immunocompromised individuals with infection of immunocompetent persons being rarely reported. Localized infection includes septic arthritis, endophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, cystitis and brain abscess. In these situations relatively good response may be expected following appropriate surgery and oral antifungal therapy. Disseminated infection occurs when two or more noncontiguous sites are involved. Over eighty cases have been reported, many of which had a hematologic malignancy including neutropenia. The species most commonly involved include Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium moniliforme (also termed F. verticillioides). The diagnosis of Fusarium infection may be made on histopathology, gram stain, mycology, blood culture, or serology. Portals of entry of disseminated infection include the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and cutaneous sites.The skin can be an important and an early clue to diagnosis since cutaneous lesions may be observed at an early stage of the disease and in about seventy-five cases of disseminated Fusarium infection. Typical skin lesions may be painful red or violaceous nodules, the center of which often becomes ulcerated and covered by a black eschar. The multiple necrotizing lesions are often observed on the trunk and the extremities. Onychomycosis most commonly due to F. oxysporum or F. solani has been reported. The onychomycosis may be of several types: distal and lateral subungual (DLSO), white superficial (WSO), and proximal subungual (PSO). In proximal subungual onychomycosis there may be associated leukonychia and/or periungual inflammation. Patients with Fusarium onychomycosis have been cured following therapy with itraconazole, terbinafine, ciclopirox olamine lacquer, or topical antifungal agent. In other instances nail avulsion plus antifungal therapy has been successful. In patients with hematologic malignancy or bone marrow transplant, who may experience prolonged or severe neutropenia during the course of therapy, the skin and nails should be carefully examined and consideration given to treating potential infection sites that may serve as portals for systemic dissemination. When disseminated Fusarium infection is present therapy with antifungal agents has generally been disappointing with the chances of a successful resolution being enhanced if the neutropenia can be corrected in a timely manner.
Prediction of size distribution of lipid–peptide–DNA vector particles using Monte Carlo simulation techniques

Concerns with insertional mutagenesis for retrovirus and immunogenicity for adenovirus have motivated research into development of non‐viral vectors that can safely deliver desired gene constructs to target cells in tissues and organs. Many non‐viral vectors suffer from unacceptably poor in vivo cell transfection and low transgene expression. Evidence suggests that cell transfection is linked to particle size – vector particles below about 200 nm are considered desirable. Experimental measurements indicate, however, that vector particles are susceptible to significant aggregation under most conditions of pH and ionic strength, including physiological conditions, although there are currently no means of predicting the kinetics of aggregation. The present paper addresses this challenge by presenting a mathematical framework based on the Monte Carlo simulation techniques for modelling the dynamics of aggregation. The approach is used to simulate the evolution of particle‐size distribution for an integrin‐targeting lipid–peptide–DNA vector system in buffers of different pH and ionic strength. The simulations required two input parameters, including the initial‐size distribution of the particles and a fitting parameter (α). Comparison of simulations with experimental data showed that α was closely related to the zeta potential of the particles in the buffer medium, making simulations fully predictive. The modelling approach may be used in other vector systems.
Perfil de flavonoides e índices de oxidación de algunos propóleos colombianos

Los flavonoides son compuestos quimicos de origen botanico con marcada actividad biologica y han sido usados como marcadores de la calidad del propoleo. En este trabajo se presenta la metodologia necesaria en la determinacion cuantitativa de flavonoides totales usando dos metodos espectrofotometricos complementarios, basados en la reactividad diferencial del tricloruro de aluminio y 2-4 dinitrofenilhidrazina. Frente a flavonas, flavonoles y flavanonas las determinaciones se hicieron mediante espectrofotometria ultravioleta visible. Adicionalmente se evaluaron los indices de oxidacion en un grupo de muestras de propoleos colombiano. Las determinaciones se realizaron sobre extractos alcoholicos usando etanol del 96% v/v (EEP). Las muestras fueron colectadas en los Departamentos de Arauca y Boyaca, en las zonas de vida de bosque humedo tropical y seco montano bajo. Los indices de oxidacion se determinaron siguiendo el test del permanganato de potasio en medio acido. Las determinaciones para el contenido total de flavonoides variaron entre 7,50± 0,01 y 22,3± 0,17%; los valores observados en el test de tricloruro de aluminio (flavonas y flavonoles) estuvieron entre 0,52± 0,03 y 3,25± 0,04% y para 2,4D (Flavanonas) entre 9,90± 0,21 y 11,78± 0,26% respectivamente. Los indices de oxidacion observados en muestras con altos contenidos de flavonoides totales estuvieron por el orden de 2 a 10 segundos, demostrandose asi la actividad antioxidante de las muestras analizadas y la calidad de los EEP de las zonas estudiada