Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competitiveness of the South African Citrus Fruit Industry Relative to Its Southern Hemisphere Competitors

This paper investigates the competitive performance of the South African citrus fruit industry relative to its southern hemisphere rivals, namely Argentina, Australia, Uruguay, Chile and Peru. Both local and international literature on the citrus fruit industries was used as part of the analysis. The method of analysis used included the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA#) index, the Net Export index (NXi) and the Relative Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RTA) index. Time series data from the International Trade Centre (ITC) on South African and southern hemisphere major producing countries’ citrus fruit imports and exports were used to calculate the competitiveness indexes. The results revealed that South Africa has competitive advantage in some citrus fruit products than its southern hemisphere counterparts. The RCA#, NXi and RTA indexes analysis clearly showed that the domestic industry has a stronger and relatively higher revealed competitive advantage in three citrus fruit product categories, namely oranges, grapefruit and grapefruit juice than its southern hemisphere competitors. However, its orange competitiveness decreases when moving from primary orange to orange juice. This means that value adding opportunities are still lacking in the orange sub-sector. One possible reason for this could be the high rates of return recorded for farm-level applications of technology for most primary orange commodities.
Knowledge-based assessment of expertise in the arts: Exploring aesthetic fluency

In the article, the words aesthetic and aesthetics erroneously appear with a capital A throughout the text. These errors were introduced after the page proofs had been returned, and did not appear in the original manuscript or proofs. Readers should not interpret these capitalized forms as proper nouns or as specialized technical terms. ] Scientific interest in expertise in the arts is growing, but measures of expertise have largely been brief and informal. The present research examines Smith and Smith's (2006) Aesthetic fluency scale, which measures expertise by assessing domain knowledge in the arts. A latent variable study examined Aesthetic fluency in relation to fluid intelligence and the Big Five dimensions of personality. Openness to experience had a large effect, and all other effects were small. Aesthetic fluency appears to be associated with the artistic values and interests typical of people high in openness to experience.
THE CONSTRAINED LEAST GRADIENT PROBLEM IN R "

We consider the constrained least gradient problem infj i \Vu\dx: ueC°'l(Q.), |Vw| < 1 a.e. , u = g on diïl which arises as the relaxation of a nonconvex problem in optimal design. We establish the existence of a solution by an explicit construction in which each level set is required to solve an obstacle problem. We also establish the uniqueness of solutions and discuss their structure.
Fish life history dynamics: Shifts in prey size structure evoke shifts in predator maturation traits

A bioenergetic framework is developed to predict optimal life history responses to environmentally driven changes in the rate of energy production by a predator. This framework is used to predict the responses of age at maturation, size at maturation, and asymptotic size to changes in the predator–prey size ratio. Predators feeding on relatively smaller prey (i.e., having larger predator–prey size ratios) have lower growth efficiency and are predicted as a consequence to mature earlier, at smaller sizes, and reach smaller asymptotic sizes. This prediction was tested using a 78-year time series (1936–2013) of data from a natural population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Opeongo, Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada. A large decrease in the predator–prey size ratio for this population occurred over the period 1950–1965 when a preferred prey (cisco, Coregonus artedii) was introduced to the lake. This decrease was followed by ∼20 years of constancy in the size ratio and then 25 years of progressive i.
Hindi Verb Knowledge Base and Noun Incorporation in Hindi

The work reported in this paper deals with the Hindi verbs. This paper can be divided into two parts. The first part is a description of a lexicon where the verbs are arranged hierarchically according to their super-ordinate terms. In this hierarchy, verbs are first listed according to their specific senses. This lexicon is named as Hindi Verb Knowledge Base (HVKB). HVKB uses constructs and Knowledge Base of Universal Networking language (UNL), an interlingua, CIIL (Central Institute of Indian Languages) Corpora and partially Hindi Wordnet (henceforth HWN). In the second part of the paper we have presented the structural description of the Hindi verbs. A type of complex verb, namely, Noun+Verb combinations are studied in detail. The motivation behind this study was to look for a principled approach in storing the Noun+Verb combinations in HWN. Different syntactic tests are applied to identify such verbs. Various syntactic and semantic properties of this group emerged through these tests. These properties help identifying this group as a process of lexical compound. These lexical compounds are then stored in the hierarchy. Finally, the paper shows how HVKB will prove beneficial for HWN.
Domain-specific control of semantic cognition: A dissociation within patients with semantic working memory deficits

Background: Semantic cognition depends on (a) semantic representations that code knowledge and (b) executive control processes that regulate access to this information such that relevant aspects are brought to the fore. It is not clear whether this second element, termed semantic control, draws on the same resources as executive processing in other domains. Aims: We investigated the degree of independence between semantic control and domain-general executive function by studying non-semantic executive control in three patients who had semantic control deficits, and problems maintaining task-relevant conceptual knowledge in working memory. Methods & Procedures: Patients completed (a) a phonological working memory task that manipulated executive demands and (b) a series of working memory tasks that loaded a variety of executive functions: updating information, dividing attention, and manipulating the contents of working memory. These tasks featured digits and letters, placing minimal demands on semantic processing. Outcomes & Results: While two patients displayed clear executive deficits on these non-semantic tasks, the third case (patient JB) showed fully intact non-semantic control despite a clear control deficit for semantic tasks. Conclusions: This dissociation suggests that executive control over semantic knowledge relies on partially distinct neural mechanisms to those involved in domain-general control.
Efficacy of climate forcings

[1] We use a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many climate forcing agents for producing climate change. We find a substantial range in the “efficacy” of different forcings, where the efficacy is the global temperature response per unit forcing relative to the response to CO2 forcing. Anthropogenic CH4 has efficacy ∼110%, which increases to ∼145% when its indirect effects on stratospheric H2O and tropospheric O3 are included, yielding an effective climate forcing of ∼0.8 W/m2 for the period 1750–2000 and making CH4 the largest anthropogenic climate forcing other than CO2. Black carbon (BC) aerosols from biomass burning have a calculated efficacy ∼58%, while fossil fuel BC has an efficacy ∼78%. Accounting for forcing efficacies and for indirect effects via snow albedo and cloud changes, we find that fossil fuel soot, defined as BC + OC (organic carbon), has a net positive forcing while biomass burning BC + OC has a negative forcing. We show that replacement of the traditional instantaneous and adjusted forcings, Fi and Fa, with an easily computed alternative, Fs, yields a better predictor of climate change, i.e., its efficacies are closer to unity. Fs is inferred from flux and temperature changes in a fixed-ocean model run. There is remarkable congruence in the spatial distribution of climate change, normalized to the same forcing Fs, for most climate forcing agents, suggesting that the global forcing has more relevance to regional climate change than may have been anticipated. Increasing greenhouse gases intensify the Hadley circulation in our model, increasing rainfall in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Eastern United States, and East Asia, while intensifying dry conditions in the subtropics including the Southwest United States, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and an expanding Sahel. These features survive in model simulations that use all estimated forcings for the period 1880–2000. Responses to localized forcings, such as land use change and heavy regional concentrations of BC aerosols, include more specific regional characteristics. We suggest that anthropogenic tropospheric O3 and the BC snow albedo effect contribute substantially to rapid warming and sea ice loss in the Arctic. As a complement to a priori forcings, such as Fi, Fa, and Fs, we tabulate the a posteriori effective forcing, Fe, which is the product of the forcing and its efficacy. Fe requires calculation of the climate response and introduces greater model dependence, but once it is calculated for a given amount of a forcing agent it provides a good prediction of the response to other forcing amounts.
Out of the Bassian province: historical biogeography of the Australasian platycercine parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes)

Schweizer, M. , Güntert, M. & Hertwig, S. T. (2012). Out of the Bassian province: historical biogeography of the Australasian platycercine parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes). —Zoologica Scripta, 42, 13–27.
The Impact of Tuberculosis among Immigrants: Epidemiology and Strategies of Control in High-Income Countries—Current Data and Literature Review

Additional information Abstract A significant reappearance of tuberculosis (TB) was observed in industrialized countries during the last two decades. This is due to the spread of HIV infection itself and to today's migratory phenomenon as a consequence of wealth disparity, poverty, wars and political persecutions. This proportion is expected to increase and represents an important cause of the overall resurgence of the TB epidemic and drug-resistant TB in Western Europe and the USA. TB is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a health problem in high-income countries. Although WHO global TB report 2015 with its “ STOP TB ” strategy has the goal to eliminate TB as a public health problem by 2050, TB shows no signs of disappearing despite some decline in high-income countries. In order to intensify the fights against this deadly disease, further efforts should be aimed to improve examination/detection processes to accurately determine all kinds of TB, and how best to enhance TB control through a coordinated medical screening program of migrants for active TB. Migration in itself is not a definitive risk for TB. Stressful living condition, social isolation, poverty, political fear/persecution, and difficulties to access to health care can expose these individuals to the risk of TB infection during and after the migration process. This chapter aims to discuss and highlight all these issues.
SUPERCAPACITOR DEVICES BASED ON GRAPHENE MATERIALS

Graphene materials (GMs) as supercapacitor electrode materials have been investigated. GMs are prepared from graphene oxide sheets, and subsequently suffer a gas-based hydrazine reduction to restore the conducting carbon network. A maximum specific capacitance of 205 F/g with a measured power density of 10 kW/kg at energy density of 28.5 Wh/kg in an aqueous electrolyte solution has been obtained. Meanwhile, the supercapacitor devices exhibit excellent long cycle life along with ∼90% specific capacitance retained after 1200 cycle tests. These remarkable results demonstrate the exciting commercial potential for high performance, environmentally friendly and low-cost electrical energy storage devices based on this new 2D graphene material.
Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Ration Containing Coriander Seeds (Coriandrum sativum Linn)

The aims of this study were to determine the effect of diets containing different levels of coriander seeds on performance and egg quality of Lohmann Brown laying hens. A total of 96 Lohmann Brown laying hens of 43 weeks of age were randomly allocated into 16 experimental units by assigning a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications that kept for 6 weeks. The treatment diets were R0: diet with 0% supplementation of coriander seeds powder (control), R1: diet with supplementation of 1% coriander seeds powder, R2: diet with supplementation of 2% coriander seeds powder, and R3: diet with supplementation of 3% coriander seeds powder. The results showed that supplementation of coriander seeds in diets did not affect egg weight, egg production, and egg mass. Supplementation of coriander seeds 2%-3% significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of coriander seeds 1%-3% significantly (P<0.05) increased yellowness in yolk color without affecting other quality parameters. It can be concluded that supplementation of coriander seeds at the levels of 2%-3% decreased feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and increased yolk color, however, the supplementation at all levels in diets did not affect egg weight, egg production, and egg mass.
Reconciliation of quantum local master equations with thermodynamics

The study of open quantum systems often relies on approximate master equations derived under the assumptions of weak coupling to the environment. However when the system is made of several interacting subsystems such a derivation is in many cases very hard. An alternative method, employed especially in the modeling of transport in mesoscopic systems, consists in using local master equations (LMEs) containing Lindblad operators acting locally only on the corresponding subsystem. It has been shown that this approach however generates inconsistencies with the laws of thermodynamics. In this paper we demonstrate that using a microscopic model of LMEs based on repeated collisions all thermodynamic inconsistencies can be resolved by correctly taking into account the breaking of global detailed balance related to the work cost of maintaining the collisions. We provide examples based on a chain of quantum harmonic oscillators whose ends are connected to thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. We prove that this system behaves precisely as a quantum heat engine or refrigerator, with properties that are fully consistent with basic thermodynamics.
Removal of alkylthiols from gold surface : molecular dynamics simulations in density functional theory

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are systems of organic compounds adsorbed onto metal or silicon, forming a dense cover on top of the substrate; the most studied system of SAMs consists of alkylthiols on gold surface. In 2012, Liao et al. [1] found out, as a side-product of their chemical lift-off lithography research, that when the thiol cover was pulled off the gold surface, a layer of gold was also removed from the substrate. In our study, this process was simulated using density functional theory (DFT) within projector augmented-wave (PAW) method to examine the dynamics at the interface of gold and the thiol cover. According to our results, acquired using the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method and the PBE functional, about half of the top layer of gold is removed from the surface by the thiols. Both planar Au(111) surface and a surface with a terrace, Au(332), were examined and they showed similar behavior during the process. As this kind of calculations have not been performed before, some parameter tests including the pulling speed and the Langevin friction parameter tests were run. I also performed some calculations considering the optimal geometries and energetics of different alkylthiols and ensured that the LCAO method is justified in the dynamics simulations; the results were in agreement with the literature values. This study sheds light to the physical and chemical phenomena at the interface of gold surface and alkylthiol monolayers and builds a base for further investigations on the subject.
Superconducting State Parameters of Al-Li Binary Alloys

Theoretical computation of superconducting state parameters (SSP) viz. electron-phonon coupling strength l , Coulomb pseudopotential m* , transition temperature TC , isotope effect exponent a and effective interaction strength No V of face centered cubic Al1-C LiC binary alloys have been made extensively in the present work using a model potential formalism for the first time. A considerable influence of various exchange and correlation functions on l and m* is found from the present study. The present results of the SSP are found in qualitative agreement with the available experimental data wherever exist.
The Financialization of the American Economy

This paper presents systematic empirical evidence for the financialization of the US economy in the post-1970s period. While numerous researchers have noted the increasing salience of finance, there have been few systematic attempts to consider what this shift means for the nature of the economy, considered broadly. In large part, this omission reflects the considerable methodological difficulties associated with using national economic data to assess the rise of finance as a macro-level phenomenon shaping patterns of accumulation in the US economy. The paper develops two discrete measures of financialization and applies these measures to postwar US economic data in order to determine if, and to what extent, the US economy is becoming financialized. The paper concludes by considering some of the implications of financialization for two areas of ongoing debate in the social sciences: (1) the question of who controls the modern corporation; and (2) the controversy surrounding the extent to which globalization has eroded the autonomy of the state.
New noble gas data of primitive and differentiated achondrites including Northwest Africa 011 and Tafassasset

Abstract— This work reports on the noble gas inventory of 3 new acapulcoites, 3 brachinites, 2 new eucrites from the Dar al Gani region in Libya, the unique achondrite Dar al Gani (DaG) 896 from the same locality, the new eucrite‐like achondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 011, and the controversial sample Tafassasset.
Micrometastatic Circulating Tumor cells - A Challenge for an Early Detection and Better Survival Rates

Micrometastasis is a health burden affecting a large population worldwide, where early stage circulating tumor cells are clinically below the detection limit of the currently used techniques in diagnosis. These cells are considered one of the sources related to the disease spread, usually associated with poor prognosis and resistant to conventional therapies. With the recent advances in technology, various molecular and biological techniques including cytological examination, RT-PCR immunocytochemistry, immuno-magnetic separation and cell-enrichment techniques have emerged to improve the early detection of circulating tumor cells in different carcinomas. However, the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques along with their prognostic influence are still contested. This review aims to discuss the role of key player molecules including cell adhesion molecules, integrins and proteases in promoting micrometastasis and the current techniques used for an early detection of these malignant cells. Understanding mechanisms underlying this invasive process, will pave the way for designing new tools to unravel difficulties associated with early detection of CTCs and will improve therapies.
A Guided Template-Based Question Answering System over Knowledge Graphs

Question answering systems provide easy access to structured data, in particular RDF data. However, the user experience is often negatively a(cid:11)ected by questions that are not interpreted correctly. To remedy this, we present a new guided approach to QA that ensures that all questions that can be entered into the system also return a corresponding answer. For this, a template-based approach is used to generate all possible questions from a given RDF dataset using a number of templates. The question/answer pairs can then be indexed to provide auto-completion functionality at querying time. We describe the architecture and approach and present preliminary evaluation results.
LVIII ANNALI DI BOTANICA 2000 PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE IRIDACEAE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS OF IRIS

Iridaceae are a well defined family of some 1800 species and between 60 and 70 genera. Molecular studies of chloroplast DNA has confirmed the position of the family in the order Asparagales, contrary to earlier work that placed the Iridaceae in Liliales. The family comprises two large assemblages of species, currently regarded as subfamilies Ixioideae and Iridaceae. The relationships of the remaining seven genera, included in subfamilies Isophysidoideae and Nivenioideae, have been rendered uncertain because of the lack of congruence between molecular and morphological studies using different outgroups and/or different data sets. Ixioideae, the largest subfamily, comprises more than half the total species in the family. Largely African, with fair representation in Eurasia, the generic phylogeny of Ixioideae is poorly understood. Most genera exhibit a considerable range of floral diversity based on floral zygomorphy and the elaboration or reduction of the perianth tube. Production of floral nectar and pollination by long-tongued insects including anthophorine bees, Lepidoptera, longproboscid flies and birds is a recurring theme but reversals to actinomorphy, often accompanied by the suppression of nectar production, has occurred in species of several genera that are pollinated by hopliine beetles. Virtually worldwide in distribution, Iridoideae comprise five tribes, the Australian Diplarrheneae, the Australasian and American Sisyrinchieae, the exclusively American Trimezieae (= Mariceae) and Tigridieae, and the Old World Irideae. Iris and Moraea constitute the major genera of this last tribe, Iris a North Temperate genus and Moraea largely sub-Saharan African. Several small genera allied to Iris or Moraea are believed to have flowers modified for different pollination strategies and have been shown by molecular data to be nested with one or other of the larger genera. Vegetative diversity, especially in the leaf and rootstock, is an important variable in Iris whereas floral divergence and vegetative uniformity characterize Moraea. Genera of Irideae appear to be primarily adapted for pollination by bees foraging for nectar and pollen transfer is passive. Specialization has shifted the pollination strategy either to a generalist system using flies, bees and beetles, or a specialist system using bees foraging for pollen, or carrion flies attracted to foul odors, or hopliine beetles that use flowers as sites for assembly and mating.