Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance trade-offs in FinFET and gate-all-around device architectures for 7nm-node and beyond

A comparative DC and AC performance evaluation between tri-gate FinFETs and gate-all-around nanowire FETs is carried out for potential sub-7nm technology node. The comparative analysis of the intrinsic and parasitic components using the classical drift-diffusion transport and quantization models indicates that a wider and thinner stacked nanosheet-type design can address the issues associated with conventional nanowire devices while demonstrating improved performance relative to FinFET. The optimization of the wire suspension region is found to be critical for Ieff-Ceff performance trade-offs.
The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Sterol Synthesis in the Intact Rat

Diabetes mellitus in both humans and animals is characterized by elevations in plasma cholesterol concentrations. The cause of this hypercholesterolemia is unknown. The present study employed tritiated water to quantity sterol synthesis in intact diabetic and control animals. Sterologenesis was 60–246% greater in the gut of diabetic animals than in controls. This enhancement of sterol synthesis occurred soon after the onset of diabetes and persisted for at least 3 wk. Moreover, insulin therapy markedly decreased gut sterol synthesis in diabetic animals to levels only slightly greater than in controls. Diabetes increased sterol synthesis primarily in the small intestine, but a small increase was also observed in the large intestine. Subfractionation of the small intestine into epithelial cell and muscularis cell layers revealed an increased sterologenesis in both layers. Quantitatively, though, the epithelial layer accounted for the majority of the enhancement of small intestine sterol synthesis observed in diabetic animals. De novo sterologenesis in tissues other than the intestines (liver, skin, stomach, or remaining carcass) was not significantly altered by diabetes. This study demonstrates that diabetes markedly stimulates sterol synthesis, an effect that is specifically localized to the intestines.
The Effect of Supplemental Oxygen in Sedated and Unsedated Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

A total of 212 patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were prospectively studied. They were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (I) sedation with no supplemental oxygen; (II) no sedation and no oxygen supplementation; (III) sedation and supplemental oxygen; and (IV) no sedation but supplemental oxygen. Oxygen desaturation occurred in all the groups except group IV and was worsened by sedation. Supplemental oxygen corrected the desaturation in the sedated patients and minimized the associated haemodynamic changes. The duration of the endoscopy procedure was shortest in patients who were sedated and given supplemental oxygen. It can be concluded that during conscious sedation for upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy, supplemental oxygen should be given and continued during the postendoscopy period to prevent oxygen desaturation.
EFFECT OF IONIC SURFACTANTS ON THE FILM DRAINAGE

The drainage of a partially mobile thin liquid film between two deformed gas bubbles is studied. The lubrication approximation and the assumption for small Peclet number are used to formulate the mathematical model of the problem. The mass balance equations for each of the species (ionic surfactant and background indifferent electrolyte) are simplified to an integral mass balance equation in the film. The material properties of the surfaces (surface viscosity, Gibbs elasticity, surface and/or bulk diffusivities, and surface electric potential) are taken into account in the tangential and normal stress balances. A simple analytical solution for a plane-parallel film is derived in the case of small deviations from equilibrium. The numerical analysis of the governing nonlinear equations shows the region of transition from partially mobile to immobile interfaces. A quantitative explanation of the following effects is proposed: (i) the increase of the surface mobility with the bulk and surface diffusivities; (ii) the role of the surface viscosity, compared to that of the Gibbs elasticity; (iii) the significant influence of the meniscus on the film drainage due to the increased hydrodynamic resistance; (iv) the effects of the surface potential and disjoining pressure. The model can be applied to explain the stability of foams in practical applications.
Adopting Agile Methods for Follow-the-Sun Software Development

Follow-the-sun (FTS) is a special case of Global Soft ware Develop ment (GSD) in which develop ment is distributed around twenty-four hours of work per day in order to reduce the overall project co mp letion time. However, FTS is barely used by software development companies as they find it difficult to put FTS into practice. Recent studies have suggested agile me thods as a promising approach to imp lement FTS. Thus, in this study we examine how agile methods can collaborate with FTS. We present an experience report describing the challenges and lessons learned by applying the Scrum method to a software development project. Moreover, we discuss how agile methods can be used effectively for FTS software development aiming to target the project managers who want to better reap the benefits of FTS.
Secondary hematological malignancies after treatment of non-metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSE To determine the frequency of secondary hematological malignancies in non-metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHODS Data of BC patients followed at Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS There were 1,475 BC patients followed between 2004 and 2010 at our department; 1,319 (89.4%) of them had not metastatic disease. One thousand, one hundred eighty three (89.7%) early-stage BC patients received at least one treatment modality (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy). The number of patients receiving only chemotherapy or only radiotherapy were 228 (17.3%) and 117 (8.9%), respectively. Eleven (1%) out of 1,066 BC patients receiving adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy were also treated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The frequency of secondary hematological malignancies among adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy BC patients was 0.56% (6/1,066); it was 0.59% (7/1,183) among radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy treated non-metastatic BC patients. Five patients developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML); 3 of them were AML-FAB M3 and 2 could not be subclassified. The 6th patient had multiple myeloma and the 7th had diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the latter did not receive cytotoxic chemotherapy for BC. CONCLUSION Treatment-associated secondary hematological malignancies, especially myeloid leukemias, are a growing problem due to high prevalence of BC and the dismal outcome of secondary leukemias. Further studies are needed to determine the risk for other hematological malignancies, possible responsible agents, and mechanisms.
Reptation as a dynamic mean-field theory: Study of a simple model of rodlike polymers.

The simplest model of entangling polymers, a semidilute solution of hard infinitely thin rods that perform only translational Brownian motion, is studied. Reptationlike scaling theory for the transversal diffusion constant is presented. It is shown that the scaling predictions can also be derived from a microscopic dynamic theory in which the interaction of the pair of rods with the surrounding medium is described in a mean-field-like approximation
Practical guidelines for the acute emergency sedation of the severely agitated older patient

The vulnerability of older people to serious underlying medical illness and adverse effects of psychotropics means that the safe and effective treatment of severe agitation can be lifesaving, the primary management goals being to create a safe environment for the patient and others, and to facilitate assessment and treatment. We review the literature on acute sedation and provide practical guidelines for the management of this problem addressing a range of issues, including aetiology, assessment, pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies, restraint and consent. The assessment of the agitated older patient must include concurrent assessment of the likely aetiology of, the risks posed by, and the risks/benefits of management options for, the agitation. A range of environmental modifications and non‐pharmacological strategies might be implemented to maximize the safety of the patient and others. Physical restraints should only be considered after appropriate assessment and trial of alternative management and if the risk of restraint is less than the risk of the behaviour. Limited evidence supports a range of pharmacological options from traditional antipsychotics to atypical antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. It is advised to start low and go slow, using small increments of dose increase. Medical staff are frequently called to sedate agitated older patients in hospital settings, often after hours, with limited access to relevant medical information and history. Safe and effective management necessitates adequate assessment of the aetiology of the agitation, exhausting all non‐pharmacological strategies, and resorting to pharmacological and/or physical restraint only when necessary, judiciously and for a short‐term period, with frequent review and the obtaining of consent as soon as possible.
Bilateral haptic guided Robot teleoperation via packet switched networks using wave variables with impedance adaptation

This paper presents the use of haptic devices in teleoperation systems with motion restrictions during robot teleoperation in order to provide the operator with increased awareness and better feeling of immersion, hence, improving his ability to perform complex tasks. The use of wave variables in the proposed system renders passive the communication channel, and moreover the new packet switched protocols like Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) with high Quality of Service (QoS), provides differentiated services for control signals.
Diorthosis prediction based on landmarks detected by layered diffusion and contours deformed from template

This paper proposes a new scheme to locate cephalogram landmarks and predict diorthosis surgery results. It applies multi-scale diffusion for feature point detection and template warping for structure fitting. The localization makes uses of homogeneity inside a region and saltations across edges, it includes three steps: firstly, layered anisotropic diffusions are carried out by an adaptive nonlocal filter with its size adjusted for facial outline, large and tiny bone structures respectively. Secondly, feature points are determined on edge maps of layered diffusions by comparison with a knowledge-based template. Thirdly, landmarks of facial outline are obtained via subtraction a bone-structure image and positioning with extremum algorithm. On the prediction stage, diorthosis result is estimated using the detected datum mark for template deformation, the warping rules are based on the statistical correlation between a template shift and the corresponding changes of facial outline. Experiments show that our approach takes the advantages of layered edge preserving and easy landmark extraction, it makes a more efficient landmark location and template matching for surgery result prediction.
Massive Dirac quasiparticles in the optical absorbance of graphene, silicene, germanene, and tinene

We present first-principles studies of the optical absorbance of the group IV honeycomb crystals graphene, silicene, germanene, and tinene. We account for many-body effects on the optical properties by using the non-local hybrid functional HSE06. The optical absorption peaks are blueshifted due to quasiparticle corrections, while the influence on the low-frequency absorbance remains unchanged and reduces to a universal value related to the Sommerfeld fine structure constant. At the Dirac points spin–orbit interaction opens fundamental band gaps; parabolic bands with a very small effective mass emerge. Consequently, the low-frequency absorbance is modified with a spin–orbit-induced transparency region and an increase of the absorbance at the fundamental absorption edge.
Adaptive responses of fish membranes to altered environmental temperature.

transport via the ASC system is important to cell function in terms of supplying precursors for intracellular glutathione biosynthesis. These observations of the temperature-sensitivity of the Na+-pump, mediated passive K+ transport and amino acid transport systems confirm the heterogeneity of behaviour of different membrane transport systems in both hibernator and non-hibernatbr membranes (Ellory & Willis, 1981). Such results are important in emphasizing the improbability of a role for bulk membrane lipid effects in hibernation. Physical measurements addressed to determining membrane fluidity via fluorescence or n.m. r. techniques, compositional studies and detailed Arrhenius plots of individual membrane-bound enzyme activity have all been used to support the idea that bulk changes can occur in hibernator membranes (see Willis et al., 1981, for a review). The analogy with data from fish (see Cossins, 1983) and microorganisms (see Russell, 1983) is obvious and compelling. However, for the reason outlined at the outset, periodic arousal, and from the individuality of the temperature-dependence of the various transport systems presented here, we would conclude that at least the membrane microenvironment, and possibly the transport protein itself, is the site of adaptation in hibernator cold-tolerance. Recent reviews of epithelia have focused on the importance of the balance between pumps and leaks in terms of regulated salt transport (Schultz, 1981; Diamond, 1982). Thus in the present context what may matter in the end is not whether hibernators have intrinsically less temperature-sensitive transport systems than do non-hibernators: but whether they co-regulate active and passive pathways to achieve a balance at both high and low temperatures. This work was supported by U.S. N.I. H. Grant GM 11494.
Morphology and localization of interstitial cells in the guinea pig bladder: structural relationships with smooth muscle and neurons.

PURPOSE In the current study we examined the location of interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)-like cells in the guinea pig bladder wall and studied their structural interactions with nerves and smooth muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole mount samples and cryosections of bladder tissue were labeled with primary and fluorescent secondary antibodies, and imaged using confocal and multiphoton microscopy. RESULTS Kit positive ICC-like cells were located below the urothelium, in the lamina propria region and throughout the detrusor. In the suburothelium they had a stellate morphology and appeared to network. They made connections with nerves, as shown by double labeling experiments with anti-kit and anti-protein gene product 9.5. A network of vimentin positive cells was also found, of which many but not all were kit positive. In the detrusor kit positive cells were most often seen at the edge of smooth muscle bundles. They were elongated with lateral branches, running in parallel with the bundles and closely associated with intramural nerves. Another population of kit positive cells was seen in the detrusor between muscle bundles. These cells had a more stellate-like morphology and made connections with each other. Kit positive cells were seen tracking nerve bundles and close to intramural ganglia. Vimentin positive cells were present in the detrusor, of which some were also kit positive. CONCLUSIONS There are several populations of ICC-like cells throughout the guinea pig bladder wall. They differ in morphology and orientation but all make connections with intramural nerves and in the detrusor they are closely associated with smooth muscle cells.
General Disclaimer One or More of the following Statements May Affect This Document

This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission.
Regulation of skeletal development by the Runx family of transcription factors

The Runx (runt‐related protein) family of transcription factors plays important roles in different tissues and cell lineages. Runx1 determines commitment to the hematopoietic cell lineage and Runx2 determines commitment to the osteoblastic lineage. Cbfβ is required for Runx1‐ and Runx2‐dependent transcriptional regulation. Runx2 interacts with many other transcription factors and co‐regulators in the transcriptional regulation of its target genes. Runx2 is essential for the commitment of multipotent mesenchymal cells into the osteoblastic lineage and inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Runx2 induces the gene expression of bone matrix proteins, while keeping the osteoblastic cells in an immature stage. Runx2 and Runx3 have redundant functions in chondrocytes, and they are essential for chondrocyte maturation. Runx2 directly induces Indian hedgehog (Ihh) expression and co‐ordinates the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Therefore, elucidation of the signaling pathways through Runx2 and Runx3 will unravel the complex mechanism of skeletal development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Leishmania Infection

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. Approximate‐ ly 1.2 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and 500,000 cases of visceral leishma‐ niasis (VL), which is lethal if untreated, occur annually across the globe as per world health organization (WHO) estimates [1-3]. Current statistics and information relevant to leishma‐ niasis are summarized in Table 1. Leishmaniasis currently affects about 12 million people and it is estimated that approximately 350 million people live in risk of infection [1-3]. The number of cases of leishmaniasis is probably underestimated because only 40 of the 88 countries where diseases frequently occur report them on a regular basis [4]. Leishmania‐ sis, is caused by several leishmania spp. , that are obligate intracellular and unicellular kinetoplastid protozoan flagellate that establish themselves within the phagolysosome of host immune competent cells, especially macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). In 1903, W.B. Leishman and C. Donovan reported this new parasite at the turn of the century [5,6]. Ronald Ross christened the new genus leishmania and the new species donovani in year 1903 [7]. L. major infection (leishmaniasis) in mice is a widely used model of human infection that has yielded critical insights into the immunobiology of leishmaniasis [8-10]. Leishma‐ niasis as a parasitic disease manifests itself mainly in 3 clinical forms; visceral leishmania‐ sis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), of which VL is the most severe form of the disease. VL is lethal if untreated and spontaneous cure is extremely rare. Cutaneous leishmaniasis usually has milder course and often results into a self-healing of ulcers. Resolution of leishmanial infection is dependent on the coordinat‐ ed interactions between components of cell mediated immune response, specifically the activation of targeted T-cell populations for appropriate cytokine production and activa‐ tion of macrophages. L. major infection of B6 and BALB/c mouse strains drives predominant‐
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Pegaspargase (Oncaspar (cid:1) ) for the First-Line Treatment of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

E) or O along with multiagent chemotherapy during remission induction and delayed intensification (DI) phases of treatment. O, at a dose of 2,500 IU/m 2 , was administered i.m. on day 3 of the 4-week induction phase and on day 3 of each of two 8-week DI phases. E, at a dose of 6,000 IU/m 2 , was administered i.m. three times weekly for nine doses during induction and for six doses during each DI phase. This study allowed direct comparison of O and E for asparagine depletion, asparaginase activity, and development of asparaginase antibodies. An unplanned comparison of event-free survival (EFS) was conducted to rule out a deleterious O efficacy effect. Following induction and DI treatment there was complete ( < 1 (cid:1) M) or moderate (1–10 (cid:1) M) depletion of serum asparagine levels in the large majority of samples
Neurocytoma of the cerebellum

Background: Neurocytomas are benign central nervous system tumor composed of small cells with characteristics of neuronal differentiation; they are usually located in the supratentorial periventricular region, in close relation to the septum pellucidum and the foramen of Monro. Case Description: Herein we report a rare case of a neurocytoma located in the cerebellar hemisphere. To date there are only four such reported cases. Conclusion: Neurocytomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions in the cerebellum.
Clinical and pathobiological heterogeneity of asthma—Mechanisms of severe and glucocorticoid-resistant asthma

It is increasingly recognized that asthma represents a syndrome, and there is clinical and pathobiological heterogeneity. Many genes are reported to be associated with asthma, and may be involved in the disease heterogeneity. Diverse cells, such as T helper 1 (Th1)-cells, Th2-cells, Th17-cells, airway epithelial cells, and innate and adaptive immunity associated cells, contribute to the pathobiology of asthma independently of each other or they can also coexist and interact. Although, generally, Th2 immunity is important in most asthma endotypes, non- Th2-driven inflammation tends to be difficult to manage. Recently, increased attention has been focused on severe asthma and glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant (GC-R) asthma, in which diverse inflammatory processes may be involved. Treatment approaches should take into account pathological differences.