Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spin Asymmetry Calculations of the $TMR\hbox{-}V$  Curves in Single and Double-Barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Spin-polarization asymmetry is the key parameter in asymmetric voltage behavior (AVB) of the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in magnetic tunnel junctions. In this paper, we study the value of the TMR as a function of the applied voltage Va in the single as well as double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJ & DMTJ, which are constructed from CoFeB/MgO interfaces) and numerically estimate the possible difference of the TMR-Va curves for negative and positive voltages in the homojunctions. As a result, we found that AVB may help to determine the exact values of Fermi wave vectors for minority and majority conducting spin sub-bands. Moreover, significant asymmetry of the experimental TMR-Va curves, which arises due to different annealing regimes, is explained by different heights of the tunnel barriers and values of the spin asymmetry. The numerical TMR-Va data are in good agreement with experimental ones.
Probability of Information-Based Trading, Intraday Liquidity and Corporate Governance in the Brazilian Stock Market

Non-traditional listing rules on stock exchanges based on corporate governance practices criteria may ensure investors a higher level of protection and constrain expropriation of minority shareholders. We investigate how distinct listing levels, different according to the quality of corporate governance practices, a natural experiment provided by the Brazilian stock exchange (Bovespa), and liquidity levels are associated to the probability of informed trading (PIN) using the number of intraday buy and sell orders. We find that PIN is lower in stricter corporate governance practices listing levels, after controlling for liquidity. Greater liquidity is associated to a lower PIN particularly due to the presence of non-informed investors.
A Performance Evaluation of Data Base Machine Architectures (Invited Paper)

The rapid advances in the development of low-cost computer hardware have led to many proposals for the use of this hardware to improve the performance of database management systems. Usually the design proposals are quite vague about the performance of the system with respect to a given data management application. In this paper we develop an analytical model of the performance of a conventional database management system and four generic database machine architectures. This model is then used to compare the performance of each type of machine with a conventional DBMS. We demonstrate that no one type of database machine is best for executing all types of queries. We also show that for several classes of queries certain database machine designs which have been proposed are actually slower than a DBMS on a conventional processor.
Respiratory Monitoring System on the Basis of Capacitive Textile Force Sensors

A novel approach is presented for non-constrictive long-term-monitoring of respiration which could particularly become suitable for home care applications. The system is based on textile integrated force sensors which detect expansion of the thorax during respiration and allow wireless data transmission for maximum mobility. Possible applications include long-term monitoring of patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, early recognition of diseases and the performance measurement of athletes during exercise. Results from performance tests under various conditions are presented. The tests show a high correlation with measurements made with a flow meter as gold standard, allowing conclusions about the respiratory volume. Different respiration patterns are reliably detected and can easily be subdivided even during intensive motion of the person. The sensors' textile buildup may allow a future integration into clothing and thus a minimal constriction for the patient. Nevertheless, the respiratory volume estimations are still not accurate enough mainly because of the use of a simplified volume calculation model and the disregard of the abdominal volume changes.
Comparison between back-to-back and matrix converters based on thermal stress of the switches

A comparison between a matrix converter and a back-to-back converter feeding a passive load is presented in this paper, with the aim of determining the converter topology which yields the highest output power per switches number. The comparison has been performed for different values of the output frequency. For each output frequency the load power has been increased until one of the switching devices reaches the maximum thermal stress, so defining the maximum output power of the converter. For this purpose, a simplified thermal model has been used to evaluate the junction temperature of the switches on the basis of the switch losses. An accurate computer model of both converters has been implemented taking into account the modulation laws and the real characteristics of the switching devices. Simulation results are presented showing the different behaviour of the two converters as a function of the output frequency. It has been verified that matrix converters perform better than back-to-back converters at low output frequencies.
MANAGING OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN HUMAN SERVICE NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN MYKOLAIV, UKRAINE

e present research responds to the lack of research on occupational stress in human service nonpro"t organizations in Ukraine. e study identi"ed the main stressors in human service nonpro"ts in Mykolaiv, Ukraine. en the relationship between occupational stress and the fourteen speci"c stressors was tested in 11 human service nonpro"t organizations in Mykolaiv. e empirical study revealed a positive relationship between occupational stress and eleven stressors. e strongest relationships were observed between job demands that fall short of employees’ skills, and job demands that exceed employees’ time to meet them. Two other stressors – low salary and clients’ trauma – were revealed to be the strongest determinants of stress, accounting for over half of its variation. e study also discovered that employees who work with di#erent client groups experience varying stress levels, and those who work with several groups, as opposed to one, experience more stress. As the "rst study in human service nonpro"t organizations in Mykolaiv and entire Ukraine, the present research lays the groundwork for subsequent research.
Elevated expression of S100P, CAPL and MAGE 3 in doxorubicin‐resistant cell lines: comparison of mRNA differential display reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and subtractive suppressive hybridization for the analysis of differential gene expression

Subtractive suppressive hybridization (SSH) and mRNA differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) were compared for their ability to detect the expression of drug-resistance associated genes in a doxorubicin-resistant and -sensitive colon carcinoma cell line (LoVo H67P). The expression pattern of more than 9000 bands obtained by DDRT-PCR were identical in both cell lines by more than 95%. Of the remaining differentially expressed DDRT-PCR products, 21 cDNA fragments were further analyzed after cloning. A total of 210 clones were sequenced resulting in 40 different sequences of which only five were differentially expressed as revealed by Northern blot analysis. SSH, on the other hand, resulted in 30 different sequences of 37 clones analyzed. Thirteen of 30 sequences (43%) could be identified by databank analysis (excluding expressed sequence tags) in contrast to nine of 40 clones (23%) obtained by DDRT-PCR. Of the clones identified by SSH, 60% exhibited a differential expression comparing the doxorubicin-resistant and -sensitive cell line, respectively, as compared to only 13% of the DDRT-PCR derived clones. The application of SSH resulted in the identification of differentially expressed genes in three doxorubin-resistant cell lines (LoVo DxR, ARH D60 and KB-V1) as compared to the sensitive parental cell lines. A significant higher expression of S100P, a protein involved in calcium metabolism, as well as MAGE 3 (melanoma antigen gene) was found in the resistant cell lines using this methodology. The expression of CAPL, a second protein involved in calcium metabolism, was only moderately elevated in the doxorubicin-resistant cells. We found that subtractive suppressive hybridization proved to be a more rapid and reliable method for the detection of differentially expressed mRNAs in our system.
Functions and Uses of Immunohistochemical Stains in Cutaneous Infiltrates of Hematopoietic Origin: A Review for the Practicing Dermatologist

Background: Immunohistochemical stains, particularly those for cutaneous lymphomas, have similar-sounding names, which may lead to confusion among dermatologists who are not well versed in the terminology of the tools used for pathologic diagnosis. Also aiding in this is the fact that some familiar stains are constantly investigated for novel utility in different tumors, and a plethora of new stains regularly emerge in the peer-reviewed literature. Objective: To review the major stains encountered in dermatopathologic reports for cutaneous lymphomas. A select number of other stains are reviewed that are either new and under investigation in several cutaneous processes or have a new use described in recent reports. Methods: The peer-reviewed literature was searched and analyzed for the accepted purposes of using these markers. Results: All pertinent findings for these immunostains are reported with the purpose of educating the dermatology community. Conclusion: This review serves as a reference to clarify potentially confusing immunohistochemical stains.
Antibiotic persistence and tolerance in the lactating goat following intramammary therapy

Due to the impact of the dairy quota system, the commercial use of goats for the production of milk and associated products is attractive to farmers diversifying their dairy interest. Intensification of milking and the expansion of herds will inevitably increase the incidence of caprine mastitis. The pharmaceutical industry and the veterinary surgeon will be required to provide data and advice upon the performance of currently available bovine intramammary products when used in the goat. This study produced evidence that one available bovine intramammary product, when infused into the glands of milking goats, produced a withholding time approximately double that defined for the cow. Following a course of infusions after three successive milkings, milk was not available for human consumption or for the production of cheese and yoghurt until 112 hours after the final infusion. This situation is likely to be representative of that which will occur for other currently available bovine intramammaries when prescribed in the goat.
R&D Spillovers and Employment: A Micro Econometric Analysis

In this paper we analyze the relationship between R&D activity, spillovers and employment at the firm level. A reduced form labour demand equation is estimated. R&D expenditures can account for both product and process innovation. The analysis is based upon a new dataset composed of 879 worldwide R&D-intensive manufacturing firms whose information has been collected for the period 2002-2010. We use data from all EU R&D investment scoreboards editions issued every year until 2011 by the JRC-IPTS (scoreboards). The main contribution to the existing literature is to investigate also the impact of outside R&D activity on own employment level. In particular, the paper investigates the role of R&D spillovers within the pillars of the Triad: United States, Japan and European economic area, but it goes beyond the previous studies by considering more opportune spillover components. Indeed, the potential stock of spillovers is dissociated into four components: the national stock, the international stock, the intra-industry stock and finally the inter-industry one. In this way, we will be able to appreciate to what extent geographical and cultural contiguity matters, by using an updated sample relative to large worldwide firms. The empirical results suggest a significant impact of R&D spillover effects on firms’ employment but the results are quite differentiated according to the spillover stock type and this may represent a relevant source of policy implications.
The Dilemma of Markets and Resources Paradox: The Way Forward

This report analyses the paradox between markets and resources and suggests the way forward for strategically challenged companies. When deep pocketed companies, such as those backed by sovereign wealth funds from the Middle East, can procure almost any resource, the question arises whether resource restrictions can be considered a hindrance for success. Can resource rich companies diversify into any market they choose by buying required resources? Newly procured talents and tangible resources often do not cohere to form competencies. On the other hand, considering the resource based approach, though distinct competencies lead to competitive advantages, unless these competencies are constantly updated, the advantage will be lost. Thus, for an organisation to be successful, it is not enough to be market driven or resource driven. It has to be 'competence adaptability' driven.
Identification of two major biliary metabolites of carvedilol in rats.

1. After separate administration of R(+)-carvedilol, S(-)-carvedilol and (+/-)-14C-carvedilol to rats at an oral dose of 10 mg/kg, the metabolic pattern in the bile was studied using h.p.l.c. with radioactivity and u.v. monitoring. 2. Two major metabolites, M-1 and M-2, present in the bile, accounted for 39% and 22% dose, respectively. 3. M-1 and M-2 were characterized as 1-hydroxycarvedilol O-glucuronide and 8-hydroxycarvedilol O-glucuronide, respectively, from FAB-mass spectrometry, 1H-n.m. r. and enzymic hydrolysis. 4. Oral administration of R(+)-carvedilol led to highly selective excretion of M-1 in bile whereas S(-)-carvedilol resulted predominantly in excretion of M-2 rather than M-1.
New trend of motor technology for automobiles - Introduction and overview

This paper summarizes a new trend of motor technologies including the materials, the control techniques, motor concurrent design, rare earth free motors and variable flux motors, which have been investigated by the technical R&D committee of vehicle motors in IEEJ-IAS. The activities of the committee are firstly introduced, the discussed some interesting topic regarding the motor design in the committee are introduced in this paper. The detail of each topic is described in another paper of this conference, this paper briefly discuss about the topic and point out the trend and the future work.
Bromethalin poisoning in a raccoon (Procyon lotor): diagnostic considerations and relevance to nontarget wildlife

Submission of a raccoon (Procyon lotor) for necropsy following exhaustion at a California wildlife care center revealed minimal gross pathologic changes and only mild vacuolar changes in the white matter of the brain. Turquoise granular material was noted in the gastrointestinal tract and was submitted for toxicological testing along with portions of the brain, liver, kidney, and mesenteric and perirenal adipose tissues. Testing of the turquoise material for 7 anticoagulant rodenticides, strychnine, 4-aminopyridine, starlicide, and salts revealed none of these compounds; however, desmethylbromethalin was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Other tissues were subsequently analyzed; the mesenteric and perirenal adipose tissues contained desmethylbromethalin. Desmethylbromethalin is the active metabolite of bromethalin, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, and results in cerebral edema. Bromethalin is a rodenticide that is visually indistinguishable from many other rodenticides, making identification of poisonings by appearance alone nearly impossible. Based on the pathological and toxicological findings, a diagnosis of bromethalin toxicosis was established. In cases of wildlife species with unknown deaths or inconsistent clinical signs with normal or minimal histological findings, bromethalin toxicosis should be considered as a differential. Adipose tissue is the tissue of choice and can be easily harvested from a live or deceased animal to help confirm or rule out bromethalin exposure or intoxication.
A multidimensional cancer rehabilitation program for cancer survivors: effectiveness on health-related quality of life.

OBJECTIVE A multidimensional rehabilitation program for cancer survivors was developed to overcome cancer-related problems and to improve quality of life. The two purposes of the study were to describe the effectiveness of the program and to obtain information about patient preferences for multi or mono dimensional rehabilitation programs. METHODS SUBJECTS cancer survivors with different diagnoses, and cancer-related physical and psychosocial problems. INTERVENTION a 15-week rehabilitation program including individual exercise, sports, psycho-education, and information. Group-wise randomization was implemented by assigning one half of the patients to the complete program while the other half were allowed to choose which program components they considered relevant. MEASURES Health-Related Quality of Life [RAND-36 and Rotterdam Symptom Check List (RSCL)], exercise capacity (symptom limited bicycle ergometry), muscle force (hand-held dynamometry), and patient preferences. Measurements were performed before (T0) and after the rehabilitation program (T1), and at a 3-month follow-up (T2). RESULTS After the rehabilitation program, cancer survivors (n=63) displayed statistically significant improvements on health-related quality of life with effect sizes (ES) varying from 0.38 to 0.99 (RAND-36) and from -0.34 to -0.57 (RSCL), most persistent at 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, statistically significant improvements in exercise capacity and muscle force of upper and lower extremities were displayed after rehabilitation. If offered a choice, 80% of the patients prior to start and 58% of the patients after completion of the program indicated that they preferred the entire multidimensional program. CONCLUSION A multidimensional rehabilitation program has statistically and clinically relevant beneficial effects on health-related quality of life, exercise capacity, and muscle force in cancer patients with different diagnoses. Furthermore, if offered the choice, the majority of cancer survivors seem to prefer multidimensional programs to programs with only one component.
The Signal and Interference Environment in Passive Bistatic Radar

We present a review of the properties of some signals that may be used as illuminators of opportunity in passive bistatic radar systems. It is shown that such signals are not ideal for radar purposes, though modern digital modulation formats are to be preferred, since their ambiguity performance is better and in general does not vary with time. However, with any type of signal the ambiguity performance is also a strong function of bistatic geometry. We also consider the direct signal, multipath and interference environment, and show both by analysis and experiment that this will in general be severe, requiring of order 80 dB or more of suppression to achieve acceptable target detection results, and even then an effective receiver noise figure of order 20 -30 dB should be used in performance calculations.
Automatic query formulations in information retrieval

Modern information retrieval systems are designed to supply relevant information in response to requests received from the user population. In most retrieval environments the search requests consist of keywords, or index terms, interrelated by appropriate Boolean operators. Since it is difficult for untrained users to generate effective Boolean search requests, trained search intermediaries are normally used to translate original statements of user need into useful Boolean search formulations. Methods are introduced in this study which reduce the role of the search intermediaries by making it possible to generate Boolean search formulations completely automatically from natural language statements provided by the system patrons. Frequency considerations are used automatically to generate appropriate term combinations as well as Boolean connectives relating the terms. Methods are covered to produce automatic query formulations both in a standard Boolean logic system, as well as in an extended Boolean system in which the strict interpretation of the connectives is relaxed. Experimental results are supplied to evaluate the effectiveness of the automatic query formulation process, and methods are described for applying the automatic query formulation process in practice.
An Analysis of Auditor Litigation and Audit Service Quality

This study compares litigation activities of independent auditors to assess litigation as a means for making quality distinctions among auditors. The study provides a framework suggesting auditors with relatively low (high) litigation activity represent higher (lower) quality suppliers. The empirical analysis examines a sample of legal cases (n = 472) and resolutions for these cases (if available, n= 183). The cases involve audit-related litigation against both Big Eight and large non-Big Eight firms during 1960-1985. The results indicate that nonBig Eight firms as a group have higher litigation activity than Big Eight firms. This result is consistent with existing research supporting the Big Eight as quality-differentiated auditors. Comparisons among Big Eight firms reveal some significant differences. However, identification of particular Big Eight firms as low (high) litigation activity auditors appears sensitive to the type of analysis. T HISstudy compares litigation activities among the largest U.S. independent audit firms. Litigation against auditors typically involves a process, from initial discovery of potentially false or misleading financial statements, to filing of lawsuits, and eventual resolution of such suits. In investigating differences in litigation among auditors, the study utilizes data on both litigation occurrences and resolutions. The primary objective of the comparisons is to assess litigation as a means for making quality distinctions among independent audit firms. Previous empirical research on auditor litigation (Kellogg [1984]; Palmrose [1987]; and St. Pierre and Anderson [1984])1 and on audit quality (Francis and Simon [1987]; Nichols and Smith [1983]; Palmrose Financial assistance of the University of California at Berkeley Professional Accounting Program and the research assistance of Hay Young Chung, Changyong Ham, and Richard Taylor are gratefully acknowledged. I would like to thank Mike Duffy and Robert Kellogg for contributions during the data-gathering process. In addition, I would like to acknowledge the helpful comments of various individuals and groups including, William L. Felix, Jr., Marcia Niles, Kent St. Pierre, participants in workshops at the University of Washington and the University of Arizona, and especially William R. Kinney, Jr. ZoeVonna Palmrose is Assistant Professor at the School of Business Administration, University of California at Berkeley. Manuscript received February 1987. Revision received July 1987. Accepted August 1987. *Editor's Note: "Taxes and Off-Balance-Sheet Financing: Research and Development Limited Partnerships" by Terry Shevlin that appeared in the July 1987 issue of