Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guanine Nucleotides Activate Multiple Signaling Pathways in Permeabilized Gastric Chief Cells

Nonhydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analogues were used to evaluate the role of guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins in regulating pepsinogen secretion from streptolysin 0-permeabilized chief cells from guinea pig stomach. In the presence of 100 nM calcium, 100 p~ guanosine 5’-(&y-imido)triphosphate or guanosine 5’-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPyS) caused a 2to 4fold increase in pepsinogen secretion. GTPyS stimulated secretion in the absence of calcium (up to 10 mM EGTA). With or without added calcium, GTP analogues caused a 2to %fold increase in CAMP, whereas guanosine 5’-0-2-(thio)diphosphate and calcium alone had no effect on CAMP levels. GTP analogue-induced activation of phospholipase C was evidenced by a calciumindependent increase in cytidine diphospho-1 ,2-diacylglycerol levels (50% above basal). Phorbol esterand GTPyS-stimulated phosphorylation of a 72-kDa acidic protein was abolished by an inhibitor of protein kinase C (CGP 41251). However, GTPyS-induced pepsinogen secretion was only partially inhibited by adding CGP 41251 or a protein kinase C inhibitor peptide. These results indicate that guanine nucleotides activate major signaling pathways in gastric chief cells. Nevertheless, GTPyS can induce pepsinogen secretion independently of changes in calcium, CAMP, or activation of protein kinase C.
Effects of Freeze-dried Citrus Peel on Feed Preservation, Aflatoxin Contamination and In vitro Ruminal Fermentation

The objective of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity, during the storage period, of animal feed and any effects on in vitro rumen digestion by supplementing different levels (5.55, 11.1, and 22.2 g/kg) of freeze dried citrus peel (FDCP) to the feed compared to untreated feed and feed treated with an antifungal agent (AA) at 0.05 g/kg. In a preservation test, feed supplemented with FDCP showed no deterioration over 21 days. Untreated feed and AA-treated feed, however, showed signs of deterioration after 16 days storage. Yellow colour and red colour, measured by spectro chromameter, decreased in the untreated and AA-treated feeds, but not in feed supplemented with FDCP. Aflatoxin was detected in untreated and AA-treated feeds at 16 days (8 ppb and 2 ppb) and 21 days (8 ppb and 4 ppb), but aflatoxin was not detected in the feed supplemented with FDCP. In a second experiment, fermentation by rumen microorganisms of FDCP (22.2 g/kg) and AA (0.05 g/kg) supplemented feeds was studied in vitro. Feeds were incubated with buffered rumen fluid for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were affected by treatment, but ammonia-N, total, and individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) were not adversely affected by treatment. In conclusion, the results indicated that FDCP might be useful for inhibiting microbial growth of animal feed during storage without disrupting rumen fermentation.
Effect of embryo removal and intrauterine infusion of embryonic homogenates on the lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the day at which the bovine embryo first affects luteal lifespan and if intrauterine infusion of homogenates of bovine embryos would extend luteal lifespan in nonpregnant heifers. Exp. I was a 2 x 2 factorial design and utilized 23 pregnant or nonbred Holstein heifers that were subjected to embryo removal procedures on day 15 or day 18 postestrus (estrus = day 0). Exp. II was a 4 x 2 factorial design and utilized 39 pregnant or nonbred Holstein or beef x Holstein heifers that were subjected to embryo removal procedures on day 13, 15, 17 or 19 postestrus. Removal of embryos at day 18 (Exp. I) and day 17 or 19 (Exp. II) prolonged (P<.01) luteal lffespan as compared to nonbred controls or when embryos were removed on days 13 or 15 of pregnancy. In Exp. III, seven heifers received twice daily intrauterine infusions of a homogenate of 17and 18-day-old embryos and seven received control infusions. As compared to the control group, intrauterine infusions of homogenized 17and 18-day-old embryos lengthened (P<.01) the interestrous interval by delaying regression of the CL. The results of these experiments indicate that between days 15 and 17 of pregnancy the bovine embryo produces a substance that prolongs the functional lifespan of the CL. (
Spotlight on microvascular permeability.

This editorial refers to a collection of fourteen review articles invited for this special issue on microvascular permeability, guest edited by Fitz-Roy Curry and Thomas Noll. The normal endothelium forms a stable anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-adhesive interface between circulating blood components and cells within all tissues of the body. The endothelium and its associated structures, e.g. glycocalyx, basement membrane, and pericytes, form the primary barrier to water and plasma protein exchange. This barrier is sufficient to maintain the plasma volume and venous return, and prevent tissue oedema while it enables transvascular exchange to meet metabolic and homeostatic demands of the tissues. Under normal physiological conditions, an increase in the amount of nutrient exchange is most probably the result of vasodilation to increase the surface area and the driving forces for water (microvessel pressure) and solute exchange (concentration differences) without a significant increase in permeability.1,2 The view of the endothelium as a stable barrier allowing selective exchange of water, nutrients, and plasma proteins stands in contrast to the other well-recognized role of the endothelial barrier as a major player in inflammatory processes in which the components of the normal barrier, including the surface glycocalyx and the junctions between adjacent endothelial cells, are acutely or permanently modified as part of immune responses and, at the same time, compromise barrier function. In this case, vasodilation caused by inflammatory mediators or clinical interventions only exacerbates the dysfunctional state. Thus, microvascular exchange is modulated not only by changes in the conductance of the endothelial barrier (measured as a real change in microvascular permeability) but also by local perfusion conditions. The reviews covered in this Spotlight Issue provide a broad survey on many fundamental aspects of the control of microvascular exchange processes under both physiological and pathological conditions. Although hyperpermeability and oedema formation …
Parametric Noise Reduction in a High-Order Nonlinear MEMS Resonator Utilizing Its Bifurcation Points

An electrostatically actuated non-linear microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator can describe double hysteresis behavior in the measured frequency response due to the interplay between electrical and mechanical non-linearities in the system. This paper provides the first experimental mapping of the stable and unstable branches of the frequency response of a MEMS resonator describing a double hysteretic frequency response using a closed-loop phase feedback oscillator. Furthermore, the frequency stability of the oscillator is compared for varying amplitude and phase feedback conditions, and it is experimentally demonstrated that parametric noise up-conversion can be suppressed in such a system by suitably biasing the resonator at one of the four bifurcation points in such a system. This result is qualitatively consistent with theoretical prediction and demonstrates that improved frequency stability in a non-linear MEMS oscillator is possible by suitably biasing the resonator using simultaneous amplitude and phase feedback.
Subcutaneous liraglutide reduces weight and improves metabolic control in obese participants

Commentary on: Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al., SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 Study Group. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management. N Engl J Med 2015;373:11–22[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. Obesity is a major health problem of the 21st century and has been one of the primary contributors to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A 5–10% loss of total body weight can reduce risk of T2DM onset.1 However, it is challenging to achieve and maintain weight loss that is sufficient for sustained metabolic benefits. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that was initially developed for treatment of hyperglycaemia in patients with T2DM. It was also noted to have non-glycaemic benefits such as weight loss2 and … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D373%26rft.spage%253D11%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1411892%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26132939%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1411892&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=26132939&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F6%2F203.atom
CMOS programmable universal filter using CCTAs

This paper presents a new CMOS programmable universal filter using three current conveyor transconductance amplifiers, two grounded capacitors and four grounded resistors. Unlike previous universal filters, low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filtering functions of proposed universal filter can be programmed using bias current. The angular natural frequency of all filtering functions can be controlled electronically using other bias currents. The proposed structure is favorable for integrated circuit implementation. The proposed filter has been simulated sing PSPICE simulators to verify the presented theory.
Predictors of task-persistent and fear-avoiding behaviors in women with sexual pain disorders.

INTRODUCTION Dyspareunia and vaginismus are the most common sexual pain disorders (SPDs). Literature suggests that many women with dyspareunia continue with intercourse despite pain (task persistence), whereas many women with vaginismus avoid penetrative activities that may cause pain (fear avoidance). Both forms of sexual pain behavior may maintain or aggravate complaints. AIM This study examined (i) whether women with SPD differ from pain-free controls in motives for sexual intercourse, sexual autonomy, maladaptive beliefs regarding vaginal penetration, and partner responses to pain; and (ii) which of these factors best predict whether women with SPD stop or continue painful intercourse (attempts). METHODS Women with superficial dyspareunia (n = 50), women with lifelong vaginismus (n = 20), and pain-free controls (n = 45) completed questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES For Aim 1, the main outcome measures were (i) motives for intercourse; (ii) sexual autonomy; (iii) maladaptive beliefs regarding vaginal penetration; and (iv) partner responses to pain. For Aim 2, sexual pain behavior (to continue or discontinue with painful intercourse) was the outcome measure. RESULTS (i) Women with dyspareunia exhibited more mate guarding and duty/pressure motives for intercourse and were less sexually autonomous than controls. (ii) Symptomatic women had more maladaptive penetration-related beliefs than controls, with women with vaginismus reporting the strongest maladaptive beliefs. (iii) Partners of women with dyspareunia self-reported more negative responses to pain than those of women with vaginismus. (iv) The factors that best predicted sexual pain behavior were the partner responses to pain and the woman's maladaptive beliefs regarding vaginal penetration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal support for task persistence in women with dyspareunia and fear avoidance in women with lifelong vaginismus. As such, it is important to consider these distinct types of responding to sexual pain when treating SPD.
Ferrous Iron and Sulfur Oxidation and Ferric Iron Reduction Activities of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Are Affected by Growth on Ferrous Iron, Sulfur, or a Sulfide Ore

Eight strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (laboratory strains Tf-1 [= ATCC 13661] and Tf-2 [= ATCC 19859] and mine isolates SM-1, SM-2, SM-3, SM-4, SM-5, and SM-8) and three strains of Thiobacillus thiooxidans (laboratory strain Tt [= ATCC 8085] and mine isolates SM-6 and SM-7) were grown on ferrous iron (Fe2+), elemental sulfur (S0), or sulfide ore (Fe, Cu, and Zn). The cells were studied for their aerobic Fe2+ - and S0-oxidizing activities (O2 consumption) and anaerobic S0-oxidizing activity with ferric iron (Fe3+) (Fe2+ formation). Fe2+-grown T. ferrooxidans cells oxidized S0 aerobically at a rate of 2 to 4% of the Fe2+ oxidation rate. The rate of anaerobic S0 oxidation with Fe3+ was equal to the aerobic oxidation rate in SM-1, SM-3, SM-4, and SM-5, but was only one-half or less that in Tf-1, Tf-2, SM-2, and SM-8. Transition from growth on Fe2+ to that on S0 produced cells with relatively undiminished Fe2+ oxidation activities and increased S0 oxidation (both aerobic and anaerobic) activities in Tf-2, SM-4, and SM-5, whereas it produced cells with dramatically reduced Fe2+ oxidation and anaerobic S0 oxidation activities in Tf-1, SM-1, SM-2, SM-3, and SM-8. Growth on ore 1 of metal-leaching Fe2+-grown strains and on ore 2 of all Fe2+-grown strains resulted in very high yields of cells with high Fe2+ and S0 oxidation (both aerobic and anaerobic) activities with similar ratios of various activities. Sulfur-grown Tf-2, SM-1, SM-4, SM-6, SM-7, and SM-8 cultures leached metals from ore 3, and Tf-2 and SM-4 cells recovered showed activity ratios similar to those of other ore-grown cells. It is concluded that all the T. ferrooxidans strains studied have the ability to produce cells with Fe2+ and S0 oxidation and Fe3+ reduction activities, but their levels are influenced by growth substrates and strain differences.
Electrical treeing in silicone gel under square voltage: Frequency, rise time and crosslinking influence

The aim of this work is to assess electrical treeing in silicone gel under square voltage of different frequencies. Tests were carried out between 1 Hz to 1 kHz. Experiments with sinusoidal voltage were performed for comparison with the square voltage. Two materials were used, produced from different ratios of the same compounds in order to have a gel-like material and an elastomer. The inception voltage for treeing is analyzed and the results obtained lead to the conclusion that the inception process is different in solid and in gel. In particular, in silicone gel, this process appears to be due not to cumulative damage, but to the occurrence of a single event. In fact, while the inception voltage decreases on increasing the frequency for the sinusoidal voltage, it slightly increases for the square voltage, reaching similar values for both the waveforms at the higher frequencies. Finally, the treeing growth has been recorded and significant differences have been observed at different frequencies.
Developmental Expression of a Tandemly Repeated, Proline- and Glutamine-rich Amino Acid Motif on Hyphal Surfaces of Candida albicans(*)

cDNA sequences encoding a cell wall protein have been isolated from the opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans, an organism that can cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. The cDNA encodes a peptide that is largely composed of an acidic, repeated motif 10 amino acids in length that is rich in proline and glutamine residues. The cDNA gene product was found to be present on hyphal surfaces by immunofluorescence assays using monospecific antisera raised to the recombinant protein produced in Pichia pastoris. The hyphae-specific surface location was also seen on organisms colonizing the gastrointestinal mucosa of mice, indicating that the antigen is produced and developmentally regulated during growth in host tissues. The cDNA clone hybridized to an abundant messenger RNA 2.3 kilobases in size that was present in hyphal but not yeast forms. These studies demonstrate that the bud-hypha transition is accompanied by the de novo synthesis of proteins that are targeted to hyphal surfaces. The primary sequence of the unique amino acid motif shares features with surface proteins of other lower eukaryotic microorganisms and with host acidic salivary proline-rich proteins.
Synthesis of leptin in human placenta.

UNLABELLED Gender-based differences in serum leptin levels have been reported in umbilical cord blood, and leptin has been detectedin human amniotic fluid. In order to understand if leptin may be directly synthesized by human placentae an analysis made up of several steps was performed. First at all RT-PCR analysis from placenta-derived RNA was used to detect human leptin mRNA. The leptin-like immunoradioactivity detected in placentae extracts was identical to human leptin according to the criteria of charge, immunorecognition, SDS-PAGE analysis and blotting, indicating that intact leptin was found and no variants in size, charge or immunoactivity were present in the placentae. Finally an immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of leptin in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast cells but not in the core of villi. IN CONCLUSION leptin is synthesized as a single molecular variant identical to human recombinant leptin in human placentae at delivery.
Shots in the desert and Gulf war syndrome

Papers p 1363 Vaccinations could have long term, non-specific effects on immune responses in children and adults, some undesirable, others beneficial. For example, there has been speculation that vaccines could influence the development of atopy. We have known for years that the pertussis vaccine is an adjuvant for IgE production, and conjecture that vaccinations might have contributed to the rise in atopic disease in children was an inevitable corollary of the “hygiene hypothesis. ” 1 This hypothesis proposes that the prevalence of atopy has increased because infections in early life protect against atopy and children have been less exposed to infections over time. The discovery of polarised T helper cell responses, Th1 and Th2, fuelled the debate.2 It led to a theoretical model whereby the development of atopy characterised by Th2-type cytokine responses to allergens and production of IgE might be promoted by vaccines that induce Th2 cytokines or inhibited by those that induce Th1 cytokines. However, evidence from observational studies that vaccinations increase the risk of atopy is contradictory, and early follow up of a cohort from a trial of pertussis vaccine suggests that this vaccine, at least, is unlikely to be an important cause of atopic disease.3 …
Mechanism of genetic recombination during bacterial conjugation of Escherichia coli K-12. I. Heterogeneity of the progeny of conjugated cells.

I N the course of bacterial conjugation the donor cells of Escherichia coli K-12 (Hfr) transfer part of their chromosome to the recipient cells (F-) . As a result, merozygotes are formed, i.e., cells containing a complete chromosome of Fand the transferred part of the Hfr genome. The state of the merozygotes is unstable and they split off stable recombinant structures which are segregated and multiplied. The recombinant structure is hybrid; it inherits part of the Fgenotype (the greatest one as a rule) and part of the Hfr genotype. The analysis of recombinants, the measurement of their segregation rate gives information about the fate of the merozygotes from the moment of the donor DNA insertion till the moment of pure recombinant formation. First LEDERBERG (1957) and then ANDERSON (1958), using a micromanipulation technique of selection of single conjugating pairs, investigated the progeny of individual zygotes and showed that in many successive generations the same zygotes are able to segregate recombinants of different genotype. According to LEDERBERG’S data, out of 75 investigated exconjugants, 20 gave two to four different recombinant genotypes ( ~ 2 6 % ) . ANDERSON’S data are somewhat different. He found on the average over 2.5 different recombinant genotypes in every exconjugant clone. Besides, the number of generations in which the segregation of new recombinant types takes place was evaluated. This was found to amount to nine generations. These results require a definite recombination model taking into account the possibility of many recombination events in the course of a zygote development. We will come back to this question. In 1960 the problem was studied anew by TOMIZAWA. He observed the segregation of Lac+ and Lacmarkers during the postconjugation period. His data lead to the assumption that a mixed progeny (the appearance of mosaic clones) is observed only during three generations owing to the segregation of nonfertilized nuclei of the exconjugant cell in the course of its division. In other words TOMIZAWA concluded that the merozygote which is the direct product of conjugation gives rise only to one recombinant type. But TOMIZAWA’S conclusions are not at all convincing. In contrast to previous investigators he used only one genetic marker. Naturally, the segregation rate of a single marker may be higher than that of a complex diploid structure. Besides,
Novel resonant tunneling transistor with high transconductance at room temperature

A resonant tunneling transistor (RTT) utilizing a novel heterodimensional Schottky gate technology is described. The gate is formed by electroplating Pt/Au onto the side of an AlGaAs/GaAs double barrier structure. The gate voltage modulates the drain current by modulating the area of the quasi-two dimensional electron accumulation layer which forms above the source barrier under drain-source bias. Room temperature transistor characteristics included a peak current of 225 mA/mm and peak transconductance of 218 mS/mm. The ultrafine fabrication process is also discussed. <<ETX>>
El ferroníquel de Cerro Matoso: aspectos económicos de Montelíbano y el Alto San Jorge

En el presente documento se analiza la estructura economica del municipio de Montelibano y su area de influencia, en el departamento de Cordoba, tomando como eje central del analisis la produccion de ferroniquel de Cerro Matoso. Los datos para Montelibano se comparan con los de Puerto Libertador, La Apartada y Caucasia, este ultimo ubicado en el departamento de Antioquia. Los indicadores sociales de Montelibano han tenido mejor desempeno que los de los municipios vecinos y el de Cordoba en su conjunto, pero siempre han estado por debajo de la media colombiana. En terminos economicos, Cordoba ha crecido mas rapido que la economia colombiana durante el periodo 1990-2007, impulsada principalmente por el sector minero, la construccion y la industria, mientras el sector agropecuario ha perdido participacion. En cuanto a las finanzas publicas de Montelibano, su analisis muestra que las regalias y las transferencias de la Nacion han generado cierta dependencia de los ingresos corrientes.
Possible observation of ballistic contact resistance in wide Si MOSFETs

In conclusion, using a comparison of our experimental data of R<sub>EXT</sub> versus N<sub>S</sub> and T to the ballistic FET theory, we have presented experimental evidence on the possible observation of ballistic contact resistance R<sub>B</sub> in wide-channel Si MOSFETs. Finally, we note that the ballistic contact resistance R<sub>B</sub> represents the ultimate limit of total series resistance R<sub>EXT</sub> [8]. This limit for (100) Si is ~ 40 Ω. μm for NFETs and ~ 70 Ω. μm for PFETs at N<sub>S</sub> = 1 × 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. Furthermore, this limit of R<sub>EXT</sub> is ~ 55 Ω. μm for III-V NFETs at N<sub>S</sub> = 1 × 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> with isotropic effective mass m*/m<sub>0</sub> in the 0.02-0.1 range. The value of R<sub>B</sub> is slightly higher for III-V NFETs than that for Si NFETs because lower m* and lower valley degeneracy lead to lower number of conducting transverse modes.