Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise Compliance in Cardiac Rehabilitation

&NA; The purpose of this study was to determine whether myocardial infarction (MI) patients comply with their prescribed home exercise programs following hospital discharge, and whether this compliance is related to self‐motivation. Thirty‐five patients treated for acute MI and discharged with home exercise programs were mailed a Self‐Motivation Inventory (SMI) and an Exercise Compliance Questionnaire (ECQ). Twenty‐eight returned the questionnaires, and 25 of the 28 reported that they were exercising, a compliance rate of 89%. Six months later, the SMI and ECQ were mailed to the 25 subjects who were compliant, and 17 responded. Of those, 14 (82%) reported that they were still exercising (49% of the original sample). The overall mean indicated that the patients were moderately and consistently self‐motivated.
Depressed Mood After Stroke

SIR: For Wade et a! (Journal, August 1987, 151, 200â€”205)to compare their finding that 20% of their stroke patients were definitely depressed and 10% probably depressed with Bergmann's(1982) reported rate of 4.4% for depressive illness and neurosis in 360 elderly women is of doubtful relevance. Reported rates of depression in community studies of the elderly vary enormously, and one could equally well argue on the basis of comparison with the work of Zung (1967) or Stenback (1979) that stroke protects against depression, as both these studies can be inter preted as demonstrating depression in well over 40% of elderly subjects. It is possible to quote studies which purport to show rates of depression in old age which vary from 48% right down to 1%. None of them help to interpret the findings of Wade et a! , whose study is flawed by the lack of an age-matched control group, and the use of an instrument which was not developed in order to measure depression in stroke victims with an mean age of 70 but to measure the severity of the depressive syndrome in a group of patients already diagnosed as depressed whose mean age was in the mid-forties (Snaith eta! , 1971). DAVIDAt@s The Royal Free Hospital Pond Street London NW3 2QG
AN IMPROVED SALIENCY DETECTION ALGORITHM BASED ON ITTI ’ S MODEL

Original scientific paper Visual attention mechanism (VAM) automatically ignores the superfluous information and pays attention to the most significant objects when people are watching the pictures. There are numerous bottom-up visual attention computational models to detect the salient area of an image. In this paper, an improved visual attention computational model based on Itti’s model is proposed, which is comprised of three components. Firstly, the lower-level primitive image features s are extracted from CIELa*b* color space instead of RGB color space; secondly, the feature images are decomposed into wavelet pyramids by wavelet-based multi-scale transform. Thirdly, a new strategy is used to combine all conspicuity maps into a final saliency map with different weights, which are proportional to the contribution of each conspicuity map. Compared with Itti’s models, subjective experiments prove that the approach proposed in this paper is more effective.
Tolerance of high salinities by conventional wastewater treatment processes.

Biological activity is commonplace in the oceans, yet saline waters are con sidered detrimental to biological treat ment units. Specific concentrations of solutes in a medium are likely to in fluence metabolic response, but a small change in concentration in a short interval of time may have a greater effect than anticipated from considera tion of absolute values. Thus, salinity changes may become a major problem in shore-based wastewater treatment after industrial discharges, ice control, or other brine intrusion. Possible re quirements for shipboard treatment of wastewaters to limit ship lane pollu tion during operation in fresh and saline waters has increased the inter
A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce.

BACKGROUND An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Connecticut and Illinois during May 28 to June 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. METHODS Independent case-control studies were performed in both states. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on E. coli O157:H7 isolates. A case-patient was defined as a Connecticut or northern Illinois resident with diarrhea whose stool culture yielded E. coli O157:H7 of the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. Controls were town-, age-, and sex-matched to case-patients. We traced implicated lettuce to the farm level and performed environmental investigations to identify unsafe lettuce production practices. RESULTS In Connecticut and Illinois, infection was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce (Connecticut matched odds ratio [MOR], undefined; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to infinity; and Illinois MOR, undefined; 95% CI, 1.4 to infinity). We traced implicated lettuce to a single grower-processor. Cattle, a known E. coli O157:H7 reservoir, were found near the lettuce fields. Escherichia coli (an indicator of fecal contamination) was cultured from wash water and finished lettuce. A trace-forward investigation identified 3 additional states that received implicated lettuce; E. coli O157:H7 isolates from patients in 1 of these states matched the outbreak-associated PFGE subtype. CONCLUSIONS This multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections was associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce from a single producer. Molecular subtyping facilitated the epidemiological investigation. This investigation increased the knowledge about current production practices that may contribute to the contamination of lettuce by microbial pathogens. Lettuce production practices should be monitored for microbiological safety.
Eddy Current-Based Vibration Suppression for Finish Machining of Assembly Interfaces of Large Aircraft Vertical Tail

Assembly interface of aircraft vertical tail is a large thin-wall structure and made from titanium alloys, which causes easily machining vibration, deformation and undercutting in finish machining due to its low stiffness, low thermal conductivity, and high chemical activity. To address these problems, a novel eddy current damper for assembly interfaces machining (ECD-AIM) is proposed to suppress multimodal vibration in the machining of the assembly interfaces. Within the context, the mathematical model of damping performance of the damper is established based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, based on which a novel design of the damper is proposed, and optimized by considering the relationship between damping performance and the key components of the damper. Then, the dynamics model of the suppression system of the assembly interface machining is established, where the relationship between vibration velocity and damping performance of the damper is obtained by using numerical analysis and finite element simulation. Finally, the damping performance of the damper is validated in terms of the three configurations (no applied ECD-AIM, a single ECD-AIM, and dual ECD-AIMs) via a set of dynamic tests (impact tests and harmonic tests) and cutting tests. The test results demonstrate that the configuration of dual ECD-AIMs can guarantee stability and reliability of assembly interface machining. The proposed damper can provide a feasible solution for vibration suppression in a limited workspace.
Shoulder Pain in Hemiplegia: Results from a National Rehabilitation Hospital in Turkey

Aras MD, Gokkaya NKO, Comert D, Kaya A, Cakci A: Shoulder pain in hemiplegia: Results from a national rehabilitation hospital in Turkey. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83:713–719. Objective:Shoulder pain is a common complication after stroke that can limit the patients’ ability to reach their maximum functional potential and impede rehabilitation. The aim of our study was to examine the occurrence of hemiplegic shoulder pain in a group of Turkish patients and clarify contributing factors such as glenohumeral subluxation, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, tonus changes, motor functional level, limitation in shoulder range of motion, thalamic pain, neglect, and time since onset of hemiplegia. The effect of shoulder pain on the duration of rehabilitation stay was also identified. Design:A total of 85 consecutive patients with hemiplegia admitted to a national rehabilitation center were evaluated for the presence of shoulder pain. A brief history of pain was taken for each patient, and each patient was evaluated by radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. The subjects with shoulder pain were compared with those without pain in regard to certain of the above variables. Results:Of the 85 patients with stroke, 54 patients (54/85, 63.5%) were found to have shoulder pain. Shoulder pain was significantly more frequent in subjects with reflex sympathetic dystrophy, lower motor functional level of shoulder and hand (P < 0001), subluxation, and limitation of external rotation and flexion of shoulder (P < 0,05). Age was also a significant factor in the development of shoulder pain. We were unable to demonstrate a significant relationship between shoulder pain and sex, time since onset of disease, hemiplegic side, pathogenesis, spasticity, neglect, and thalamic pain. There was no prolongation of rehabilitation stay in patients with shoulder pain. Conclusion:These results indicate that shoulder pain is a frequent complication after stroke and that it may develop from a variety of factors. To prevent and alleviate shoulder pain, efforts should be directed toward proper positioning of the shoulder, range of motion activities, and the avoidance of immobilization.
Effects of Thermal Emission on the Transmission Spectra of Hot Jupiters

The atmosphere on the dayside of a highly irradiated close-in gas giant (also known as a hot Jupiter) absorbs a significant part of the incident stellar radiation, which again gets re-emitted in the infrared wavelengths both from the day and the night sides of the planet. The re-emitted thermal radiation from the nightside facing the observers during the transit event of such a planet contributes to the transmitted stellar radiation. We demonstrate that the transit spectra at the infrared region get altered significantly when such re-emitted thermal radiation of the planet is included. We assess the effects of the thermal emission of the hot Jupiters on the transit spectra by simulating observational spectroscopic data with corresponding errors from the different channels of the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. We find that the effect is statistically significant with respect to the noise levels of those simulated data. Hence, we convey the important message that the planetary thermal re-emission must be taken into consideration in the retrieval models of transit spectra for hot Jupiters for a more accurate interpretation of the observed transit spectra.
Global attitude/position estimation using landmark and biased velocity measurements

We propose an observer for attitude and position estimation of a rigid body using translational and angular velocity measurements together with a single landmark. Under an observability condition depending on landmark position, global and asymptotic convergence of attitude and position estimation errors to zero is achieved. We extend the observer for the case of nonideal velocity measurements. Simulation examples demonstrate convergence properties of the observer in the face of noise and bias in velocity measurements.
Modulation of angiogenesis by genetic manipulation of ATF4 in mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy [corrected].

PURPOSE The activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and an increase in activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) has been previously reported in the diabetic retina. Despite this, a direct link between ATF4 and the degree of proliferative retinopathy has not been demonstrated to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether ATF4 deficiency could reduce neovascularization in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS We induced OIR in C57BL/6, ATF4(+/-), and endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated indicator (ERAI) mice and used quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis to evaluate relative gene and protein expression. Histology and microscopy were used to calculate the extent of neovascularization in flat-mounted retinas. RESULTS Experimental data revealed Xbp1 splicing in the retinal ganglia cells, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer and in pericytes of postdevelopment day 17 ERAI OIR mice, confirming the activation of IRE1 UPR signaling. In naive ATF4-deficient mice, we also observed an elevation in UPR-associated and vascular-associated gene expression (Bip, Atf6, Hif1a, Pik3/Akt, Flt1/Vegfa, and Tgfb1), which may have contributed to the alleviation of hypoxia-driven neovascularization in experimental ATF4(+/-) retinas. The OIR ATF4(+/-) retinas demonstrated reprogramming of the UPR seen at both the mRNA (Atf6 and Bip) and protein (pATF6 and peIf2α) levels, as well as a reduction in vascularization-associated gene expression (Flt1, Vegf1, Hif1, and Tgb1). These changes corresponded to the decline in the rate of neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS Our study validates ATF4 as a prospective therapeutic target to inhibit neovascularization in proliferative retinopathy.
Rencontre autour du cadavre

Le cadavre est «outre-signifiant, ecrivait Louis-Vincent Thomas. Objet ou sujet, il a toujours suscite dans l’esprit des hommes a la fois fascination et repulsion. Pour apprivoiser la mort et se soustraire aux desordres de la putrefaction, rituels et techniques thanatologiques ont ete elabores. Construire une anthropologie du cadavre implique une connaissance des comportements sur une longue histoire et une approche pluridisciplinaire. C’est aussi aborder la mort en dissolvant le sujet dans un objet repondant a des lois bio-physico-chimiques dont il faut s’accommoder lors des rituels. C’est enfin remettre le sujet ─le defunt ─ au centre du fait social. Pour aborder ces questions, la Rencontre autour du cadavre propose trois axes : ─ entropie du cadavre, principes biologiques, perception et tolerance, ─ un cadavre, une chaine operatoire, des outils, des savoirs, ─ le cadavre, questions et gestions sociales, symbolismes et representations. Les journees de Marseille ont permis une rencontre entre des disciplines tres differentes ─ anthropologie, archeologie, sociologie, histoire, ethnologie, psychanalyse, droit. ─ avec chacune ses propres methodes, corpus documentaires ou systemes de representation.
Incorporating Pragmatic Reasoning Communication into Emergent Language

Emergentism and pragmatics are two research fields that study the dynamics of linguistic communication along substantially different timescales and intelligence levels. From the perspective of multi-agent reinforcement learning, they correspond to stochastic games with reinforcement training and stage games with opponent awareness. Given that their combination has been explored in linguistics, we propose computational models that combine short-term mutual reasoning-based pragmatics with long-term language emergentism. We explore this for agent communication referential games as well as in Starcraft II, assessing the relative merits of different kinds of mutual reasoning pragmatics models both empirically and theoretically. Our results shed light on their importance for making inroads towards getting more natural, accurate, robust, fine-grained, and succinct utterances.
Vertebral Artery Dissection and Migraine Headaches in Children

Strokes of the posterior circulation are uncommon in childhood. In vertebrobasilar insults, vertebral artery dissection remains a rare diagnosis. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy with a history of migraine headaches who presented with acute cerebellar signs and agitation following multiple infarctions of bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. Vertebral angiography demonstrated dissection of the left vertebral artery with occlusion of the basilar artery just distal to its origin. Risk factors for vertebral artery dissection are reviewed, with emphasis on association with migraine headaches. A review of imaging studies for the diagnosis of dissection is also presented. This case demonstrates the importance of considering arterial wall dissection in pediatric patients with a history of atypical migraines associated with new neurologic findings. (J Child Neurol 2000;15:694-696).
Advances in Imaging to Assist Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Catheter ablation procedures to treat atrial fibrillation require sophisticated imaging for guidance. These imaging techniques have evolved from basic two-dimensional to complex three-dimensional methods that may involve fusion of data from different modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, fluoroscopy, echocardiography and electroanatomical mapping. Summation of errors inherent with each individual tool can be a problem and new methods are under development. A quest for more user-friendly and highly accurate imaging tools continues.
Active Persistent Localization of a Three-Dimensional Moving Target Under Set-Membership Uncertainty Description Through Cooperation of Multiple Mobile Robots

The persistent localization of moving targets is one of the most important applications of mobile robot systems. However, the sensors on each individual robot are often not sufficiently accurate for this task, presenting a severe limitation on the application of robots to many situations. To overcome this problem, systems of multiple robots have been established. These systems improve the localization accuracy of mobile targets by fusing together multiple sensing data. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the relative motion (or specifically, the relative pose) between the robot and the target, as well as that among different robots, strongly influences the final localization accuracy of the data fusion algorithm. In other words, the regulation of motion in a multiple-robot system will lead to better localization results. Thus, in this paper, a new active persistent localization (APL) scheme is proposed. The underlying concept of this scheme is based on set-membership descriptions of uncertainties. The basic problem is formulated in the framework of an enhanced set-membership filter, and a new data fusion algorithm with improved accuracy and convergence properties is designed. A motion-planning algorithm is then incorporated under the so-called optimal localization condition to complete the APL scheme. Simulations using multiple 3-D mobile robot systems and experiments on a multiple rotor-flying-robots test bed show that the proposed algorithm successfully enhances the accuracy of the persistent localization of the moving target.
The Chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 Promote a Protective Immune Response but Do Not Contribute to Cardiac Inflammation following Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

ABSTRACT The expression of chemokines within the heart during experimental infection of susceptible mice with the Colombiana strain of Trypanosoma cruzi was characterized in an attempt to determine a functional role for these molecules in both host defense and disease. Analysis of chemokine transcripts revealed that CXC chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and CXCL10, as well as CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL5, were prominently expressed during acute disease, whereas transcripts for CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5 remained elevated during chronic infection. Inflammatory macrophages present within the heart were the primary cellular source of these chemokines following T. cruzi infection. Peak chemokine expression levels coincided with increased gamma interferon expression and inflammation within the heart, suggesting a role for these molecules in both host defense and disease. Indeed, simultaneous treatment of T. cruzi-infected mice with neutralizing antibodies specific for CXCL9 and CXCL10 resulted in an increased parasite burden that was sustained out to 50 days p.i. Antibody targeting either CXCL10 or CCL5 did not change either T. cruzi burden within the heart nor attenuate the severity of cardiac inflammation at any time point examined, while targeting CXCL9 in combination with CXCL10 resulted in increased parasite burden. Collectively, these studies imply that CXCL9 and CXCL10 signaling enhances immune responses following parasite infection. However, antibody targeting of CXCL9 and CXCL10, or CXCL10 alone, or CCL5 alone does not directly modulate the inflammatory response within the heart, suggesting that other proinflammatory factors are able to regulate inflammation in this tissue in response to T. cruzi infection.
The multipartite system that mediates entry of herpes simplex virus into the cell

The multipartite entry‐fusion system of herpes simplex virus is made of a quartet of glycoproteins—gD, gB, gH·gL—and three alternative gD receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), nectin1 and modified sites on heparan sulphate. This multipartite system recapitulates the basic steps of virus—cell fusion, i.e. receptor recognition, triggering of fusion and fusion execution. Specifically, in addition to serving as the receptor‐binding glycoprotein, gD triggers fusion through a specialised domain, named pro‐fusion domain (PFD), located C‐terminally in the ectodomain. In the unliganded gD the C‐terminal region folds around the N‐terminal region, such that gD adopts a closed autoinhibited conformation. In HVEM‐ and nectin1‐bound gD the C‐terminal region is displaced (opened conformation). gD is the tool for modification of HSV tropism, through insertion of ligands to heterologous tumour‐specific receptors. It is discussed whether gD responds to the interaction with the natural and the heterologous receptors by adopting similar conformations, and whether the closed‐to‐open switch in conformation is a generalised mechanism of activation. A peculiar recombinant highlighted that the central Ig‐folded core of gD may not encode executable functions for entry and that the 219–314 aa segment may be sufficient to trigger fusion. With respect to fusion execution, gB appears to be a prospective fusogen based on its coiled‐coil trimeric structure, similar to that of another fusion glycoprotein. On the other hand, gH exhibits molecular elements typical of class 1 fusion glycoproteins, in particular heptad repeats and strong tendency to interact with lipids. Whether fusion execution is carried out by gB or gH·gL, or both glycoproteins in complex or sequentially remains to be determined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.