Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultivating a New Leadership Paradigm: From Cohorts to Communities.

This paper explores the use of cohort structures in administrator-preparation programs. The paper considers how cohorts operate effectively as communities and how the cohort promotes the enhancement of the individual. Data were derived from an analysis of the journals of 51 students enrolled in cohort programs at four university sites in California, Colorado, Texas, and Wyoming. Interaction is explored in relation to its effects on collegiality; purpose is viewed as the basis of collaboration. Group interaction and collaboration are shown to be necessary to both individual and group development. Individual growth is explored in relation to transformational leadership, and group growth is discussed as a necessary condition for organizational transformation. Respondents said that the cohort program gave them mutual support and solidarity, which led to increased interdependence. They also reported significant personal growth and enhanced knowledge. The paper presents a cohort model of individual and group development. The group is built on three interacting cornerstones--interaction, purpose, and interdependence. As the group is strengthened, so is the individual. The more empowered the individual member becomes, the more significantly he/she contributes to group development. Cohort programs have great potential for fostering a new leadership paradigm. Four tables and one figure are included. (Contains 39 references.) (LMI) *********A. * **AA************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. AAA***********************i.AA;,******************** Cultivating a New Leadership Paradigm: From Cohorts to Communities Presented by: Dr. Cynthia J. Norris University 3f Houston and Dr. Bruce Barnett University of Northern Colorado
Wybrane badania betonu Hali Stulecia we Wrocławiu (obiekt UNESCO)

Hala Stulecia jest budowlą zaprojektowaną przez architekta i budowniczego Maxa Berga. Konstrukcja żelbetowa wzniesiona została w latach 1911–1913 przez fi rmę budowlaną Dyckerhoff & Widmann (ryc. 1). W jej wnętrzach zorganizowano Wystawę Stulecia mającą uczcić setną rocznicę pokonania Napoleona pod Lipskiem. Hala Stulecia jest pionierskim i jednym z najbardziej owocnych osiągnięć inżynierii i architektury początku XX wieku. Powstanie Hali wniosło znamienny wkład w zastosowanie żelazobetonu w praktyce architektonicznej, będąc równocześnie czynnikiem stymulującym zmiany w koncepcji umacniania konstrukcji budowlanych z wykorzystaniem stali [1, 2]. Hala Stulecia ma rzut czteroliścia, który tworzą wewnętrzne koło i otwierające się do niego cztery półkoliste apsydy. Budowla podzielona jest na dwie niezależne konstrukcyjnie części – dźwigającą podstawę i nakrywającą ją, żebrową kopułę. Wysokość Hali Stulecia wynosi 42 m, z czego 19 m przypada na podstawę, a 23 m na prętową kopułę żelbetową. Podstawa składa się z czterech fi larów, tworzących arkady apsyd, o rozpiętości 41 m i wysokości 16,7 m, na które nałożono pierścień
A Review of Research Needs for Pollinators in Managed Conifer Forests

Affiliations: James W. Rivers (jim.rivers@oregonstate.edu), Sara M. Galbraith (sara.galbraith@oregonstate.edu), Urs G. Kormann (urs.kormann@oregonstate.edu), Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. James H. Cane (jim.rivers@oregonstate.edu), USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect Research Lab, Utah State University, Logan, UT. Cheryl B. Schultz (schultzc@wsu.edu), School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA. Michael D. Ulyshen (mulyshen@fs.fed.us), USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA. Urs G. Kormann (urs.kormann@oregonstate.edu), Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Urs G. Kormann (urs.kormann@oregonstate.edu), Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
7-2-2008 Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence as a Child Does Not Increase the Likelihood of Becoming an Adult Itimate Partner Violence Victim

Objectives: To determine whether adults who witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV) as children would have an increased rate of being victims of ongoing IPV, as measured by the Ongoing Violence Assessment Tool (OVAT), compared with adult controls who did not witness IPV as children. The authors also sought to determine whether there were differences in demographics in these two groups. Methods: This was a cross sectional cohort study of patients presenting to a high-volume academic emergency department. Emergency department patients presenting from November 16, 2005, to January 5, 2006, during 46 randomized four-hour shifts were included. A confidential computer touch-screen data entry program was used for collecting demographic data, including witnessing IPV as a child and the OVAT. Main outcome measures were witnessing IPV as a child, ongoing IPV, and associated demographics. Assuming a prevalence of IPV of 20% and a clinically significant difference of 20% between adults who witnessed IPV as children and adult controls who did not witness IPV as children, the study was powered at 80%, with 215 subjects included. Results: A total of 280 subjects were entered; 256 had complete data sets. Forty-nine percent of subjects were male, 45% were Hispanic, 72 (28%) were adults who witnessed IPV as children, and 184 (72%) were adult controls who did not witness IPV as children. Sixty-three (23.5%) were positive for ongoing IPV. There was no correlation of adults who witnessed IPV as children with the presence of ongoing IPV, as determined by univariate and bivariate analysis. Twenty-three of 72 (32%) of the adults who witnessed IPV as children, and 39 of 184 (21%) of the adult controls who did not witness IPV as children, were positive for IPV (difference, 11%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2% to 23%). Significant correlations with having witnessed IPV as a child included age younger than 40 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.2; 95% CI = 1.7 to 9.1), income less than $20,000/year (OR, 5.1; 95% CI = 1.6 to 12.5), and abuse as a child (OR, 9.1; 95% CI = 4.2 to 19.6). Other demographics were not significantly correlated with having witnessed IPV as a child. Conclusions: Adults who witnessed IPV as children were more likely to have a lower income, be younger, and have been abused as a child, but not more likely to be positive for ongoing IPV, when compared with patients who had not witnessed IPV. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007; 14:411–418 a 2007 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Explorer On Plans With Loops and Noise

In an influential paper, Levesque proposed a formal specification for analysing the correctness of program-like plans, such as conditional plans, iterative plans, and knowledge-based plans. He motivated a logical characterisation within the situation calculus that included binary sensing actions. While the characterisation does not immediately yield a practical algorithm, the specification serves as a general skeleton to explore the synthesis of program-like plans for reasonable, tractable fragments. Increasingly, classical plan structures are being applied to stochastic environments such as robotics applications. This raises the question as to what the specification for correctness should look like, since Levesque’s account makes the assumption that sensing is exact and actions are deterministic. Building on a situation calculus theory for reasoning about degrees of belief and noise, we revisit the execution semantics of generalised plans. The specification is then used to analyse the correctness of example plans.
Spear phishing in a barrel: Insights from a targeted phishing campaign

ABSTRACT Executives in many industries have fallen prey to socially engineered attacks known as spear phishing. Using highly targeted emails, social engineers trick victims into performing unintended actions by masquerading as legitimate actors. To shed light on effective spear phishing training, we conducted a multi-round experiment. Our results indicate that training users with individual loss messaging might increase the effectiveness of the training. Additionally, we found potential evidence that organizational training can lead to increased overall spear phishing awareness, even for those not directly trained. Despite these promising results, however, individuals’ susceptibility to highly targeted spear phishing attacks remains troubling for practitioners and researchers.
A comparison of researcher–practitioner collaborations in library and information science, education, and sociology

This study used coauthorship analysis to investigate trends in researcher–practitioner collaborations by examining articles published between 2005 and 2014 in the disciplines of library and information science, education, and sociology. The results revealed that articles coauthored by researchers were the main type of research collaboration in these three disciplines. Articles coauthored by researchers and practitioners were the third largest type of research collaboration in all three disciplines; the percentage of such articles in library and information science (14.2%) was considerably higher than that in education (6.1%) and sociology (2.7%). A slightly decreasing trend was observed in these articles in library and information science, but a slightly increasing trend was identified in education and sociology. Regarding authorship, library and information science practitioners were more active than were education and sociology practitioners. Librarians, governmental staff, and administrators were the dominant practitioner authors of this type of article in library and information science, sociology, and education, respectively.
New methods for dual constellation single receiver positioning and integrity monitoring

Navigation system integrity monitoring is crucial for mission (e.g. safety) critical applications. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) based on consistency checking of redundant measurements is widely used for many applications. However, there are many challenges to the use of RAIM associated with multiple constellations and applications with very stringent requirements. This paper discusses two positioning techniques and corresponding integrity monitoring methods. The first is the use of single frequency pseudorange-based dual constellations. It employs a new cross constellation single difference scheme to benefit from the similarities while addressing the differences between the constellations. The second technique uses dual frequency carrier phase measurements from GLONASS and the global positioning system for precise point positioning. The results show significant improvements both in positioning accuracy and integrity monitoring as a result of the use of two constellations. The dual constellation positioning and integrity monitoring algorithms have the potential to be extended to multiple constellations.
Simulationsgestützte Landmarkendetektion, Lokalisierung und Modellgenerierung für mobile Systeme

For the meaningful interaction of mobile systems with their environment, a geometric and semantic environment detection and description is fundamental. The quintessence of this dissertation is a concept for model-based environment detection, coupled with object-based localization. The goal is to describe the environment in semantic environmental models and, in conjunction with a simulation system, to represent it as a comprehensive semantic world model. The concept of the present dissertation includes the three main components environment detection, localization and environmental modeling. The recognition of surrounding objects and the assignment of suitable semantics is presented on the basis of the development and implementation of sensor data processing algorithms for different application scenarios. The implemented landmark-based localization makes it possible to locate the detected objects in a common frame of reference so that they can subsequently link additional data sources. The broad spectrum of applications starts with simple scenarios of mobile robotics and extends to the participation of fully autonomous automobiles on the road. With increasing complexity of the field of application, the requirements for the environmental detection and description also increase. In addition, a focus on the concept of situational awareness takes place, starting with the observation of data from individual sensors, through the semantic interpretation of the measurements, up to application-spanning, holistic modeling in the simulation system. The present work extends the currently predominant notion of primarily sensory environment detection and modeling to the essential aspects of semantic recognition, description and management. Semantic modeling similar to human perception of the environment enables the implementation of complex applications that "understand" their environment. Thus, they need to be able to capture, classify and, in some cases, to abstract complex relationships. Eventually, they are able to interact safely and reasonably. The introduction of a formal and modular concept, which interconnects the three domains, creates a uniform and comprehensive solution for various applications. The present work lays the foundation for further developments in the field of collectively usable, multi-application world models and the realized applications show the impressive potential of this research.
GIS-based method for detecting high-crash-risk road segments using network kernel density estimation

Identifying high-crash-risk road segments provides safety specialists with an insight to better understanding of crash patterns and enhancing road safety management. The common hotspot identification methods are not robust enough to visualize the underlying shape of crash patterns since they neglect the spatial properties of crash data. Spatial traffic accidents have the tendency to be dependent, a phenomenon known as spatial autocorrelation. Values over distance are more or less similar than expected for randomly associated observations. Modeling the spatial variations can properly be explained in terms of first- and second-order properties. The first-order properties, describe the way of varying the expected value of point pattern in space which can be due to changes in the substantial properties of the local environment, while second-order effects describe the interactive effects of events explaining on how the events are interacted. Considering the discrete nature of crash data and the limited access to exact locations where crashes occur, it is likely that a continuous surface drawn from discrete points will better reflect crash density, present a more realistic picture of crash distribution. Network kernel density estimation (NKDE) is a nonparametric approach for events distributed over one-dimensional space which facilitates estimating the density at any location in the study region not just at the location where the event occurs. NKDE for road safety applications enables the extraction and visualization of crash density along roadways The application of suggested method was illustrated for Arak-Khomein rural road in Markazi province, Iran and the stability of hazardous segments by examining the resulted network estimated density during the three years of study (2006–2008) was investigated. The result of this paper helps the traffic engineers and safety specialists to determine the segments which demand more safety attentions from both transportation authorities and drivers and request assigning the resources such as budget and time.
Interaction-driven user interface personalisation for mobile news systems

User interfaces of mobile apps offer personalised experience primarily through manual customisation rather than spontaneous adaptation. This thesis investigates methods for adaptive user interfaces in the context of future mobile news apps that are expected to systematically monitor users' news access patterns and adapt their interface and interaction in response. Although mobile news services are now able to recommend news that a user would be likely to read, there has not been equivalent progress in personalising the way that news content is accessed and read. This thesis addresses key issues for the development of adaptive user interfaces in the mobile environment and contributes to the existing literature of adaptive user interfaces, user modelling, and personalisation in the domain of news in four ways. First, using survey methods it explores differences in how people consume and read news content on mobile news apps and it defines a News Reader Typology that characterises the individual news consumer. Second, it develops a method for monitoring news reading patterns through a deployed news app, namely Habito News, and it proposes a framework for modelling users by analysing those patterns; machine learning algorithms are exploited selectively in the analysis. Third, it explores the design space of personalised user interfaces and interactions that would be tailored to the needs and preferences of individual news readers. Finally, it demonstrates the effectiveness of automatic adaptation through Habito News, the prototype mobile news app that was developed, which systematically monitors users' news reading interaction behaviour and automatically adjusts its interface in response to their news reading characteristics. The results indicate the feasibility of user interface personalisation and help shape the future of automatically changing user interfaces by systematic monitoring, profiling and adapting the interface and interaction.
Early Nutrition Programming (in ovo and Post-hatch Feeding) as a Strategy to Modulate Gut Health of Poultry

Healthy gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is crucial for optimum performance, better feed efficiency, and overall health of poultry. In the past, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) were commonly used to modulate the gut health of animals. However, considering the public health concern, the use of AGP in animal feeding is banned or regulated in several jurisdictions around the world. This necessitates the need for alternative nutritional strategies to produce healthy poultry. For that, several alternatives to AGP have been attempted with some success. However, effective modulation of the gut health parameters depends on the methods and timing of the compound being available to host animals. Routinely, the alternatives to AGP and other nutrients are provided in feed or water to poultry. However, the GIT of the newly hatched poultry is functionally immature, despite going through significant morphological, cellular, and molecular changes toward the end of incubation. Thus, early growth and development of GIT are of critical importance to enhance nutrients utilization and optimize the growth of poultry. Early nutrition programming using both in ovo and post-hatch feeding has been used as a means to modulate the early growth and development of GIT and found to be an effective strategy but with inconsistent results. This review summarizes the information on in ovo and post-hatch-feeding of different nutrients and feeds additives and their effects on gut development, histomorphology, microbiology, and immunology. Furthermore, this review will provide insight on the future of early nutrition programming as a strategy to enhance gut health, thereby improving overall health and production so that the poultry industry can benefit from this technique.
A Mobile-Based Deep Learning Model for Cassava Disease Diagnosis

Convolutional neural network (CNN) models have the potential to improve plant disease phenotyping where the standard approach is visual diagnostics requiring specialized training. In scenarios where a CNN is deployed on mobile devices, models are presented with new challenges due to lighting and orientation. It is essential for model assessment to be conducted in real world conditions if such models are to be reliably integrated with computer vision products for plant disease phenotyping. We train a CNN object detection model to identify foliar symptoms of diseases in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). We then deploy the model in a mobile app and test its performance on mobile images and video of 720 diseased leaflets in an agricultural field in Tanzania. Within each disease category we test two levels of severity of symptoms-mild and pronounced, to assess the model performance for early detection of symptoms. In both severities we see a decrease in performance for real world images and video as measured with the F-1 score. The F-1 score dropped by 32% for pronounced symptoms in real world images (the closest data to the training data) due to a decrease in model recall. If the potential of mobile CNN models are to be realized our data suggest it is crucial to consider tuning recall in order to achieve the desired performance in real world settings. In addition, the varied performance related to different input data (image or video) is an important consideration for design in real world applications.
The Interplay Between Economic Status and Attractiveness, and the Importance of Attire in Mate Choice Judgments

Desirable characteristics of “opposite sex others,” such as physical attractiveness and economic status, can influence how individuals are judged, and this is different for men and women. However, under various social contexts where cues of higher or lower economic status is suggested, sex differences in judgments related to mate choice have not been fully explored. In two studies, ratings of economic status and attractiveness were quantified for male and female targets that were presented under various social contexts. Study 1 assessed judgments (n = 1,359) of images of nine male and nine female targets in different sized groups containing only opposite-sex others (i.e., group size). While we found no significant effects of group size on male and female attractiveness, target female economic status increased when surrounded by two or more men. An ad hoc analysis controlling for the attire of the targets (business or casual) found that the association between target female economic status and group size occurred when females were in business attire. Study 2 investigates this effect further by presenting images of 12 males and 12 females, in higher and lower status attire (i.e., business and casual clothing) and measured judgments of attractiveness and economic status among women and men (n = 1,038). Consistent with the results of Study 1, female economic status was only affected when women were in business attire. However, female economic status decreased when in the presence of other men in business attire. There were no sex differences in judgments of economic status when judging stimuli in casual attire. Additionally, negative associations between attractiveness and economic status were found for males presented in casual attire. We discuss these results in the light of evolutionary sexual conflict theory by demonstrating how the asymmetrical importance of status between men and women can influence mate choice judgments.