Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal Migration and Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Middle Mountains of Nepal

The movement of rural households from remote uplands to valley floors and to semiurban and urban areas (internal migration) is a common phenomenon in the middle mountain districts of Nepal. Understanding the causes and effects of internal migration is critical to the development and implementation of policies that promote land use planning and sustainable resource management. Using geospatial information technologies and social research methods, we investigated the causes and effects of internal migration on land use and land cover patterns in a western mountain district of Nepal between 1998 and 2013. The results show a decreasing number of households at high elevations (above 1400 m), where an increase in forest cover has been observed with a consequent decrease in agricultural land and shrub- or grassland. At lower elevations (below 1400 m), forest cover has remained constant over the last 25 years, and the agricultural land area has increased but has become geometrically complex to meet the diverse needs and living requirements of the growing population. Our findings indicate that internal migration plays an important role in shaping land use and land cover change in the middle mountains of Nepal and largely determines the resource management, utilization, and distribution patterns within a small geographic unit. Therefore, land use planning must take an integrated and interdisciplinary approach rather than considering social, environmental, and demographic information in isolation.
Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Fractal Techniques for Wireless Applications

In the modern world, there is different kind of antennas available for wireless communication. With the advancement in the antenna technology some system like military and commercial telecommunication system requires miniaturization, ultra wideband, multiband and cost effective antennas. Fractal antenna has attractive kind of properties that are distinct from other antennas. In order to achieve desired properties like miniaturization, multiband different shapes fractals are used. Microstrip antenna has limitation of narrow bandwidth that can be overcome using fractal slot. In this paper we will discuss various kinds of fractal geometries that make it more attractive for different type of applications.
The characteristics of a monetary economy: a Keynes-Schumpeter approach

The objective of this paper is to elaborate a monetary theory capable of supporting the thesis of money non-neutrality on the grounds of the arguments developed by Keynes and Schumpeter. This theory will be formulated starting from the two points which are common in the views of both Keynes and Schumpeter. First, in contrast with the mainstream theory, Keynes and Schumpeter state that the diffusion of a fiat money induces a radical modification into the way in which the economic system works. Both Keynes and Schumpeter maintain that it is not possible to describe the way in which an economy works in the presence of a fiat money by adopting the same theoretical framework used to describe a barter economy. Secondly, when Keynes and Schumpeter describe the reasons why money and financial aggregates are not neutral, they highlight the fundamental role of the credit market and of the banks. In contrast with the mainstream theory, they do not consider the credit market as the mirror image of the goods market
Diversity, distribution and biosynthesis of compatible solutes in prokaryotes

Microorganisms respond to osmotic stress mostly by accumulating compatible solutes, either by uptake from the medium or by de novo synthesis. These osmotically active mol- ecules preserve the positive turgor pressure required for cell division. The diversity of compatible solutes is large but falls into a few major chemical categories; they are usually small or- ganic molecules such as amino acids or their derivatives, and carbohydrates or their derivatives. Some are widely distributed in nature while others seem to be exclusively present in specific groups of organisms. This review discusses the diversity and distribution of known classes of compatible solutes found in prokaryotes as well as the increasing knowledge of the genes and pathways involved in their synthesis. The alternative roles of some archetypal compatible solutes not subject to os- moregulatory constraints are also discussed.
Investigating time series properties of a dynamic system for Japan's import demand

This note aims to investigate time series properties of a dynamic system for Japan's aggregate import demand. A multivariate cointegration analysis of Japanese data reveals a stable economic linkage interpretable as a long-run import demand function. A vector equilibrium correction system is then estimated, which exhibits short-run and long-run interdependent relationships between aggregate import demand and the ratio of import price to domestic price level.
A biographical account on women labour force participation and conjugal love

In this study we examine how career patterns of women after child birth and their subjective evaluation influence conjugal satisfaction. Data are drawn from the study "Social Stratification, Cohesion and Conflict in Contemporary Families". 1534 couples in Switzerland were interviewed, among which a subsample of 807 couples with at least one child living in the household were selected. To analyze objective careers of women, the labour force participation pattern after child birth was used. To examine the influence of subjective evaluation of one’s career, we focus on various variables such as feelings of sacrifice towards the family and lifestyle preferences. Results show that an interruption of labour force participation increases the risk of feeling less in love for women but not for men. It also increases the risk of divorce. A couple with work-oriented women also has a higher risk for divorce and less conjugal love for both women and men.
Setting the Agenda or Responding to Voters? Political Parties, Voters and Issue Attention

Why do political parties prioritise some policy issues over others? While the issue ownership theory suggests that parties emphasise policy issues on which they have an advantage in order to increase the salience of these issues among voters, the riding the wave theory argues instead that parties respond to voters by highlighting policy issues that are salient in the minds of citizens. This study sheds new light on the selective issue emphasis of political parties by analysing issue attention throughout the entire electoral cycle. On the basis of a quantitative text analysis of more than 40,000 press releases published by German parties from 2000 until 2010, this article provides empirical support for the riding the wave theory. It shows that political parties take their cues from voters by responding to the issue priorities of their electorate. The results have important implications for political representation and the role that parties play in democracies.
Voltage Equalizing of Solar Modules for Shadowing Compensation

This paper proposes a shadowing compensation method for the solar modules of grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems. The shadowing compensator (SC) implemented by the proposed shadowing compensation method is used only for the solar modules that can be shaded by predictable sources of shading. The proposed SC can simplify both the power circuit and the control circuit as well as improve power efficiency and utilizes a voltage equalizer configured by a modified multi-winding fly-back converter. The proposed SC harvests energy from the entire solar cell array to compensate for the shaded sub-modules of the solar cell array, producing near-identical voltages of all shaded and un-shaded sub-modules in the solar cell array. This setup prevents the formation of multiple peaks in the P–V curve under shaded conditions. Hardware prototypes are developed for the SCs implemented by the conventional and modified multi-winding fly-back converters, and their performance is verified through testing. The experimental results show that both SCs can overcome the multiple peaks in the P–V curve. The proposed SC is superior to the SC implemented by the conventional multi-winding fly-back converter.
ON VARIANTS OF DEPENDENCE LOGIC

Dependence logic is a novel logical formalism that has connections to database theory, statistics, linguistics, social choice theory, and physics. Its aim is to provide a systematic and mathematically rigorous tool for studying notions of dependence and independence in different areas. Recently many variants of dependence logic have been studied in the contexts of first-order, modal, and propositional logic. In this thesis we examine independence and inclusion logic that are variants of dependence logic extending first-order logic with so-called independence or inclusion atoms, respectively. The work consists of two parts in which we study either axiomatizability or expressivity hierarchies regarding these logics. In the first part we examine whether there exist some natural parameters of independence and inclusion logic that give rise to infinite expressivity or complexity hierarchies. Two main parameters are considered. These are arity of a dependency atom and number of universal quantifiers. We show that for both logics, the notion of arity gives rise to strict expressivity hierarchies. With respect to number of universal quantifiers however, strictness or collapse of the corresponding hierarchies turns out to be relative to the choice of semantics. In the second part we turn attention to axiomatizations. Due to their complexity, dependence and independence logic cannot have a complete recursively enumerable axiomatization. Hence, restricting attention to partial solutions, we first axiomatize all first-order consequences of independence logic sentences, thus extending an analogous result for dependence logic. We also consider the class of independence and inclusion atoms, and show that it can be axiomatized using implicit existential quantification. For relational databases this implies a sound and complete axiomatization of embedded multivalued and inclusion dependencies taken together. Lastly, we consider keys together with so-called pure independence atoms and prove both positive and negative results regarding their finite axiomatizability.
Nature and Dynamics of Gift-Giving in India: A Study of Gift-Giving Habits among Youth in Delhi

Gift-giving is one of those processes that have undeniable role in the dynamics of an interpersonal relationship. Gifts can be seen as materialistic objects or experiential benefits, as an expression of love or simply an obligation, or reciprocal exchange. Either ways, gifts are intended to please the receiver. This paper aims to explore the nature and the motives behind gift giving among youths in Delhi by analyzing the narratives of 15 boys and 15 girls. The importance of the sentimental value of a gift against the material value is also studied with respect to gender. The findings reveals that agapic love was most prominent than the other factors behind the gift giving habits when the nature of relationship was intimate one. Reciprocity was also implicated as a motive in more casual relationships. Also, girls were more likely than boys to value the sentimental value of the gifts than the material value.
Further studies on the population genetics of the blesbok Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi

proportion of polymorphic loci (P) was 3.5% (SD = 1.2%), and mean expected average heterozygosity (He) was 0.9% (SD = 0.25%). The populations separated out by genetic distance in two distinct groups, those from the Cape Province and those from the Orange Free State. There were considerable differences in mean body weight between some sites. No correlation could be detected with level of heterozygosity. Body weight appeared rather to be related to liver mineral levels. In particular the ratio between copper and molybdenium appears important with those animals high in copper and low in molybdenium having a higher body weight.
Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: The Cardio-Renal Axis

Chronic renal disease has been associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is currently a very frequent disorder in which calcium and phosphate metabolism and myocardial hypertrophy play an outstanding role, and it constitutes an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated the consequences of the alteration in renal function on the increase of cardiovascular risk. Patients with moderate to severe renal chronic disease have an exponential increase in cardiovascular mortality, even before developing renal failure. The present study summarizes the information of basic research on the cardio-renal axis, and establishes the need of animal models to study the factors interrelated with this axis.
An appraisal of ultrasound fetal biometry in the first trimester

Correspondence: Irina Burd University of Pennsylvania, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, 2000 Courtyard, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA Tel +1 215 662 2982 Fax +1 215 573 5408 email irina.burd@uphs.upenn. edu Abstract: We evaluate the current available literature on first trimester measurement references, how critically these data have been evaluated in subsequent studies, and the generalizability of the standards across different populations. We will then discuss the significance of first trimester dating for genetic screening tests and how growth in the first trimester may predict later pregnancy outcomes, which could lead to future research to modify these outcomes.
A DETECTION OF THE INTEGRATED SACHS–WOLFE IMPRINT OF COSMIC SUPERSTRUCTURES USING A MATCHED-FILTER APPROACH

We present a new method for detection of the integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) imprints of cosmic superstructures on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), based on a matched-filtering approach. The expected signal-to-noise ratio for this method is comparable to that obtained from the full cross-correlation, and unlike other stacked filtering techniques it is not subject to an a posteriori bias. We apply this method to Planck CMB data using voids and superclusters identified in the CMASS galaxy data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12, and measure the ISW amplitude to be relative to the ΛCDM expectation, corresponding to a detection. In contrast to some previous measurements of the ISW effect of superstructures, our result is in agreement with the ΛCDM model.
Reproductive condition and ovarian atresia in the common kilka ( Clupeonella cultriventris ) from the Caspian Sea years after a dramatic outbreak of the comb jelly fish ( Mnemiopsis leidyi )

SUMMARY: To assess the reproductive condition of the common kilka, Clupeonella cultriventris, the somatic condition and reproductive characteristics were studied by histological analysis. A total of 800 specimens from the Bandar Anzali coast on the Caspian Sea were sampled. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females and males attained maximum values in May in the first period of sampling and in March-April in the second period, suggesting temporal variations in spawning activity. The pattern of oocyte frequency distribution demonstrated that the common kilka is a batch spawner with group-synchronous oocyte development. The estimated relative batch fecundity was 6718 oocytes g–1. A low level of atresia (4.7%) during the spawning season showed that this species was in optimal somatic condition. This weakens the hypothesis that abundance of the ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi) in the Caspian Sea, as a food rival for kilka, influences the body condition and subsequently the reproductive capability of this species.
Rapid Growth of Dense and Long Carbon Nanotube Arrays and Its Application in Spinning Thread

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a dependable allotrope of carbon, are foreseen to lead technology further to its reach. Also, the most researched carbon allotrope in its form. Drawable CNTs have recently unraveled numerous possible applications utilizing vertically aligned CNTs also termed as “CNT forest. ” In recent years, the rapid growth of dense and long carbon nanotube arrays has succeeded in surpassing its challenges by synthesizing dense and long CNT arrays. Length, density, and drawability tuning in the synthesis of CNT arrays have always been a complex issue lately. However, numerous research techniques emerged focusing on length and density control. Hence, this book chapter aids in unveiling the current achievements in the growth of dense and long CNT arrays and their application in spinning threads or CNT yarns with numerous other possible applications.
Study on ambient concentration of air quality parameters (PM 10 ,SPM, SO 2 and No x ) in different months

The present study aims to measure the concentration of various pollutants present in the ambient air. The primary focus of the study was on Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) although it also deals with other pollutants like SO2 and Nox. High volume Respirable dust sampler (RDS machine) with Thermo electrically cooled gaseous sampling attachment is used for sample collection. Ambient air monitoring is done at three different sites in Latur city comprising Residential, Commercial and Industrial areas. RDS machine was operated continuously for 48 hours at each site in a weak covering a period of six month. Result of investigation indicates that concentration of RSPM and SPM are exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard at residential and commercial area whereas the concentration of SO2, NOX is bellowing the prescribed limits. Increasing vehicular activities are more responsible for the emission of Particulate matter (PM10). The measure causes includes inadequate improper traffic management system, road condition, absence of effective mass rapid transport system.
Efficacy of clove oil as anesthetic in handling and transportation of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Actinopterygii: Cichlidae) juveniles

This work evaluated the efficiency of clove oil as anaesthetic in handling and transportation of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). In the first experiment, safety concentrations of clove oil were assessed by measuring induction times to anaesthesia. The second experiment evaluated exposure times to anaesthetic. Clove oil efficiency during transportation was evaluated in a 24 h experiment using three concentrations of the anaesthetic (0, 9, and 18 mg.L-1). The most appropriate clove oil concentration to induce surgical anaesthesia was 90 mg.L-1. To biometry or other brief handling, the recommended concentration is 50-60 mg.L-1 as it provides fast recovery. Maximum anaesthesia time should be 10 min. The mortality rate of fish transported using 18 mg.L-1 of anaesthetic was significantly higher than that of the control group at 24 h of transportation and at 96 h after transportation. The fish transported using clove oil as anaesthetic presented more significant Na+ and K+ disorders as compared to the control group. As an anaesthetic, clove oil is efficient in the handling of Nile tilapia in routine fish hatchery procedures, although it should be avoided in the transportation.
Las licencias del software libre: nuevos modelos y filosofías para la Propiedad Intelectual

Los modelos de producción distribuida y de licencia “copyleft” desarrollados desde la filosofía del software libre han mostrado su eficacia como métodos de producción y difusión para los productos del trabajo intelectual. Conforman un marco alternativo de compresión de la Propiedad Intelectual en el contexto de la nueva Sociedad Informacional propiciada por las tecnologías de la comunicación en red. Bajo el citado marco están apareciendo nuevos modelos legales de licencia para todo tipo de obras intelectuales que liberan la copia, distribución y modificación de las mismas bajo determinadas condiciones y circunstancias. La aportación más relevante de estos modelos es el análisis del espectro de los diversos derechos asociados a la idea de copyright. Muestran que la elección del autor, entre esos derechos, de los aplicables a su trabajo puede originar modelos de licencia capaces de conciliar el beneficio personal y el valor social de la creación o innovación. Su filosofía subyacente es que la libre circulación de información es beneficiosa para la sociedad y, por ello, antes y no después, para los creadores. Su argumento principal se basa en que la publicidad del conocimiento y la cooperación son condición sine qua non para la creación y la innovación; la socialización del conocimiento (su difusión y su apropiación por los individuos) es un movimiento que sólo puede generar mas conocimiento. Los conceptos y argumentos desarrollados por estos marcos alternativos serán utilizados para replantear el concepto de Propiedad Intelectual y la responsabilidad de los autores en el nuevo contexto tecnológico del siglo XXI. Las posibilidades de comunicación de todo tipo de obras intelectuales a través de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en red obligan a este replanteamiento para evitar que las licencias tradicionales sean utilizadas como freno a la socialización del conocimiento.
Supplemental Enzymes, Yeast Culture and Effective Micro-organism Culture to Enhance the Performance of Rabbits Fed Diets Containing High Levels of Rice Bran

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of exogenous enzymes (cellulases and proteases), yeast culture and effective micro-organism (EM) culture on feed digestibility and the performance of rabbits fed rice bran rich diets over a period of ten weeks. Twenty four, 8 to 9 weeks old male and female New Zealand White rabbits were allotted to 4 dietary treatments; a basal (control) feed containing 43% rice bran, basal feed supplemented with either enzymes, yeast culture or EM. Individual feed intake, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and feed cost were studied. Sex of the rabbits had no significant (p<0.05) influence on the parameters studied. The control group showed the lowest daily feed intake (104.8 g), body weight gain (12.8 g) and the highest feed/gain ratio (8.20 g/g). The highest daily feed intake (114.3 g), body weight gain (20.42 g) and the lowest feed/gain ratio (5.60) were observed with enzymes. Compared to the control, yeast significantly (p<0.05) improved the feed intake, body weight gain and feed/gain ratio by 4.9, 34.4 and 22.0%, respectively, while EM improved (p<0.05) them by 4.0, 32.6 and 21.6%, respectively. All the additives improved (p<0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and energy by 4.9-8.7, 3.6-10.7, 5.9-8.3 and 4.3-6.4%, respectively. Higher weights of pancreas (by 38.5-56.4%) and caecum (by 13.1-26.8%, compared to the control) were recorded with all additives but liver weight was increased only by yeast (24.5%) and enzymes (26.7%). Significantly (p<0.05) higher carcass recovery percentages were observed with enzymes (60.55), yeast (60.47) and EM (56.60) as compared to the control (48.52). Enzymes, yeast and EM reduced (p<0.05) the feed cost per kg live weight by 23.8, 15.9 and 15.5%, respectively. Results revealed that enzymes, yeast culture and EM can be used to improve the feeding value of agro-industrial by-products for rabbits in Sri Lanka and thereby to reduce the feed cost. Under the present feeding system, enzyme supplement was the best.