Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit phenotypic and functional plasticity in order to respond to vascular injury. In case of the vessel damage, VSMCs are able to switch from the quiescent ‘contractile’ phenotype to the ‘proinflammatory’ phenotype. This change is accompanied by decrease in expression of smooth muscle (SM)‐specific markers responsible for SM contraction and production of proinflammatory mediators that modulate induction of proliferation and chemotaxis. Indeed, activated VSMCs could efficiently proliferate and migrate contributing to the vascular wall repair. However, in chronic inflammation that occurs in atherosclerosis, arterial VSMCs become aberrantly regulated and this leads to increased VSMC dedifferentiation and extracellular matrix formation in plaque areas. Proatherosclerotic switch in VSMC phenotype is a complex and multistep mechanism that may be induced by a variety of proinflammatory stimuli and hemodynamic alterations. Disturbances in hemodynamic forces could initiate the proinflammatory switch in VSMC phenotype even in pre‐clinical stages of atherosclerosis. Proinflammatory signals play a crucial role in further dedifferentiation of VSMCs in affected vessels and propagation of pathological vascular remodelling.
Microencapsulación de nanopartículas de quitosano para la administración pulmonar de macromoléculas terapéuticas

El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral ha sido el diseno de sistemas microparticulares capaces de actuar como vehiculos de nanoparticulas de quitosano, obtenidas por gelificacion ionica, y de complejos de lipidos y nanoparticulas de quitosano hacia el pulmon, con el fin de conseguir una absorcion pulmonar de la macromolecula terapeutica asociada a las nanoparticulas. Para ello, se ha seleccionado como excipiente el manitol y como procedimiento de microencapsulacion la tecnica de atomizacion, optimizando las condiciones de este proceso para obtener microsferas con propiedades morfologicas y aerodinamicas adecuadas para su administracion por via pulmonar. Para la preparacion de los sistemas complejos de lipidos y nanoparticulas de quitosano, se han elegido dos lipidos endogenos del pulmon, la dipalmitoilfosfatidilcolina (DPPC) y el dimiristoilfosfatidilglicerol (DMPG), con carga neutra y negativa, respectivamente, y se ha comprobado que el recubrimiento lipidico de las nanoparticulas es mas eficaz cuando ambos fosfolipidos estan presentes en la formulacion. El analisis estructural de las microsferas conteniendo nanoparticulas, ha demostrado que estas se distribuyen uniformemente en la matriz de manitol. Utilizando la insulina y la albumina bovina marcada con isotiocianato de fluoresceina (FITC-BSA) como modelos, se ha evidenciado el potencial de ambos sistemas para asociar peptidos y proteinas. Ademas, se ha observado que el proceso de atomizacion no produce ningun efecto negativo sobre las propiedades de los sistemas encapsulados, ni en el perfil de liberacion de la insulina a partir de los mismos. Los estudios realizados con las microsferas conteniendo nanoparticulas en dos lineas celulares del epitelio respiratorio (Calu-3 y A549), han demostrado la biocompatibilidad del sistema, evidenciando ademas fenomenos de mucoadhesion. Por otro lado, estudios preliminares in vivo realizados con este sistemas, tras las administra
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Color and Women Attractiveness: When Red Clothed Women Are Perceived to Have More Intense Sexual Intent

Statement of Retraction Guéguen N. (2012). Color and women attractiveness: when red clothed women are perceived to have more intense sexual intent. The Journal of social psychology, 152(3), 261–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2011. 605398 The paper listed above has been retracted by the Editors of the Journal of Social Psychology. This retraction came at the request of the Scientific Integrity Committee of the Journal of Social Psychology in response to a report issued by Nicholas Brown and James Heathers detailing significant irregularities in the data reported by Gueguen (2012). In particular, it was noted that table one in the manuscript had four combinations of means and standard deviations that were impossible given the reported sample sizes (of eight combinations reported in the table). Following the receipt of this report, The Scientific Integrity Committee of the Journal of Social Psychology was convened (chair: John E. Edlund, Erin M. Buchanan, Bradley M. Okdie, Kate A. Ratliff, and Cory R. Scherer). The Scientific Integrity Committee made multiple attempts to contact Dr. Gueguen in an effort to seek an explanation for the impossible combinations of means and standard deviations to which no reply was offered. The Scientific Integrity Committee ran multiple simulations to attempt to recreate the data and concluded that the combinations of means and standard deviations of the table were impossible and were unable to identify an error that could explain the discrepancy. After discussion, the committee unanimously concluded that they could have no faith in the data reported, and recommended the retraction of the manuscript.
Acute-exercise-induced alterations in calpain and calpastatin expression in rat muscle.

CONTEXT Calpains and calpastatin can degrade muscle proteins, but no research has investigated the expression pattern of calpains and calpastatin after exhaustive exercise. OBJECTIVE To investigate the alterations in expression of micro-, m-, and n-calpain and calpastatin after exhaustive exercise and its association with muscle injury. METHOD 64 rats divided into 2 groups, a nonexercise control group and an acute-exhaustive-exercise (AEE) group. Biopsies in the AEE group were taken at different times after exercise. RESULTS Calpastatin protein expression and m-calpain activity increased early after exercise, but both n-calpain protein expression and micro-calpain activity generally decreased with time. n-Calpain mRNA expression was down-regulated from late after exercise. CONCLUSIONS The increased m-calpain activity might promote muscle-protein degradation and muscle injury. On the contrary, calpastatin might execute a protective function against muscle injury. The change in micro-calpain activity was found earlier than muscle injury and therefore might serve as a useful predictor of muscle injury.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of the Yeast High Affinity Iron Transport System*

Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptionally regulates the expression of the plasma membrane high affinity iron transport system in response to iron need. This transport system is comprised of the products of the FET3 and FTR1 genes. We show that Fet3p and Ftr1p are post-translationally regulated by iron. Incubation of cells in high iron leads to the internalization and degradation of both Fet3p and Ftr1p. Yeast strains defective in endocytosis (Δend4) show a reduced iron-induced loss of Fet3p-Ftr1p. In cells with a deletion in the vacuolar protease PEP4, high iron medium leads to the accumulation of Fet3p and Ftr1p in the vacuole. Iron-induced degradation of Fet3p-Ftr1p is significantly reduced in strains containing a deletion of a gene, VTA1, which is involved in multivesicular body (MVB) sorting in yeast. Sorting through the MVB can involve ubiquitination. We demonstrate that Ftr1p is ubiquitinated, whereas Fet3p is not ubiquitinated. Iron-induced internalization and degradation of Fet3p-Ftr1p occurs in a mutant strain of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RSP5 (rsp5-1), suggesting that Rsp5p is not required. Internalization of Fet3p-Ftr1p is specific for iron and requires both an active Fet3p and Ftr1p, indicating that it is the transport of iron through the iron permease Ftr1p that is responsible for the internalization and degradation of the Fet3p-Ftr1p complex.
Grounded Theory and Pragmatism: The Curious Case of Anselm Strauss

Las historias de Sir Arthur CONAN DOYLE acerca de Sherlock Holmes son realmente famosas alrededor del mundo. En Las memorias de Sherlock Holmes (1993), en una historia titulada Resplandor de plata, se encuentra un intercambio entre Holmes y un detective de Scotland Yard: Gregorio (detective de Scotland Yard): "? Hay otro punto sobre el cual desearia usted llamar mi atencion? " Holmes: "El incidente curioso del perro al anochecer. " Gregory: "El perro no hizo nada al anochecer. " Holmes: "Ese fue el incidente curioso. " En forma similar deseo llamar la atencion sobre el curioso caso de Anselm STRAUSS: Actualmente hay una buena cantidad de trabajo que destaca las continuidades entre el metodo de teoria fundamentada (MTF) y el pragmatismo de John DEWEY y Charles PEIRCE. Lo que ha sido frecuentemente enfocado es Anselm STRAUSS y su educacion en Chicago influenciada por el pragmatismo, aunque STRAUSS mismo nunca articulo la manera en la cual el pragmatismo influyo o pudo influir en el metodo, tal cual se desarrollo desde la decada de los 1960s a nuestros dias. Este articulo argumenta que gran parte de los temas en debate alrededor del MTF se pueden resolver si se entienden en el contexto de algunos de los principios centrales del pragmatismo, particularmente de aquellos sobre los que algunos pragmatistas contemporaneos como Richard RORTY han recuperado como foco de atencion. Al hacerlo asi, surge la pregunta de por que, dada su educacion y formacion intelectual, Anselm STRAUSS hizo tan poco para llevar las ideas pragmaticas al MTF en sus incorporaciones posteriores y amplias afirmaciones. Este es el "incidente curioso" sobre el que se llama la atencion en varios puntos en lo que sigue; permanece en la perplejidad, sin solucion convincente, en contraste con el misterio de Sherlock Holmes enunciado al principio. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs090325
Active/passive hybrid walking by the biped robot TOKAI ROBO-HABILIS 1

This paper introduces a biped robot named TOKAI ROBO-HABILIS 1. It has some particular mechanisms in the joints, by which it moves with the combination of active driving by the DC motors and passive rotation of the joints, called active/passive hybrid walking. It is essentially the identical way of walking to those of human. As a result, it walks with a subsequently small energy consumption compared to any conventional biped walking robots that walk with driving all of joints actively by actuators. This paper describes at first the mechanisms of TOKAI ROBO-HABILIS 1. Its computer simulation shows the control strategy and the energy consumption for various walking patterns. It follows to show the walking experiments.
Unit Dual-Quaternion Parametrisation for Graph SLAM

This paper presents a new parameterisation approach for the graph-based SLAM problem utilising unit dual-quaternion. The rigid-body transformation typically consists of the robot position and rotation, and due to the Lie-group nature of the rotation, a homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) has been widely used in pose-graph optimizations. In this paper, we investigate the use of unit dual-quaternion (UDQ) for SLAM problem, providing a unified representation of the robot poses with computational and storage benefits. Although UDQ has been widely used in kinematics and navigation (known as Michel Chasles’ theorem or Skrew motion), it has not been well utilised in the graph SLAM optimisation. In this work, we re-parameterise the graph SLAM problem using UDQs, focusing on the optimisation performance and the sensitivity to poor initial estimates. Experimental results on public synthetic and real-world datasets show that the proposed approach significantly reduces the computational complexity, whilst retaining the similar accuracies compared to the HTM-based one. With the poor initial estimates, it is also shown that the rotation vector-based perturbation is more stable than the quaternion-based in recovering the error dual-quaternion.
Complete thermodynamic characterization of reduction and protonation of the bc(1)-type Rieske [2Fe-2S] center of Thermus thermophilus.

Rieske iron-sulfur (2Fe-2S) clusters play a central role in energy transduction by the quinone:cytochrome c oxidoreductases of the respiratory and photosynthetic chains (the bc1 and b6f complexes) and in the bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds. 1 Distinguished from “ferredoxin-type” 2Fe-2S clusters by reduction potentials up to 700 mV higher, Rieske centers have one iron atom coordinated by two nitrogenous (histidine, His) ligands rather than two thiolate (cysteine, Cys) ligands. 2,3 While the high, pH-dependent potentials of bc1-type clusters are crucial for redox-coupled proton transfer, and for “bifurcation” of electron transfer within thebc1-complex, 4 bacterial dioxygenase-type Rieske clusters, with the same 2Fe-2S Rieske core, display lower and pH-independent potentials. 5-8 Here we present the first complete thermodynamic description of a Rieske cluster, the soluble Rieske-fragment of thebc1-complex from Thermus thermophilus (Tt) . 9 Using protein-film cyclic voltammetry, 10 which allows rapid transfer of a sample of protein molecules between different solutions, we have measured reduction potentials over a wide range of pH (up to pH 14). We have thus determined p K values for the His ligands in both redox states, and the reduction potential of each protonation state. Interpretation of these data now reveals how the His ligands dictate the unique physical properties of Rieske clusters. Figure 1 shows how the reduction potential ([2Fe-2S] 2+/1+) of theTt Rieske cluster varies between pH 3 and 14. 11 By defining this curve in three different ionic strengths (0.01, 0.1, and 2 M NaCl) we immediately identified the effect of a distant, ionizable amino acid residue in the low pH region. Since this weakly coupled residue can be “decoupled” by high salt concentrations, we do not consider it important to the intrinsic properties of the cluster and will therefore discuss only data recorded at the highest ionic strength. 12 The higher-pH data are uncomplicated by this distant charge, although E and pK values vary, as expected, with ionic-strength. 13 Figure 1 also shows fits to the data obtained using the thermodynamic scheme, Scheme 1, and eq 1 derived from it.14
Brain-computer interface and Arduino microcontroller family software interconnection solution

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is the modern approach to the construction of the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) that interconnects human brain and the machine and allows to send commands to the machine directly from the central nervous system (CNS) and especially the brain. Great popularity of the Arduino microcontroller board family and integration of its members into many projects including amateur, professional, industrial and scientific solutions impelled us to design software solution, that helps integrate Brain Computer Interface comprising Emotiv EPOC Neuroheadset with Arduino microcontroller boards. The paper introduces concept of the Brain-Computer Interface in its first section and possibilities of its use. Next section of the paper describes Emotiv EPOC Neuroheadset, which is the part of the BCI, with function of the electroencephalograph (EEG) that non-invasively monitors the electromagnetic manifestations of neural activity of the human central nervous system (CNS), mainly the brain. Using the proprietary software installed on the host computer software transforms acquired signals into the commands that are then executed via third party software. Another part of the paper introduces Arduino microcontroller board family and the last part describes proposed software solution that provides software interface between Emotiv EPOC Neuroheadset software and Arduino microcontroller boards.
Revisión sistemática acerca de la implementación de metodologías ágiles y otros modelos en micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de software

Actualmente, la gestion de proyectos de desarrollo de software en las micro, pequenas y medias empresas esta atravesando un proceso de cambio gracias a la introduccion de nuevos enfoques y modelos agiles que se integran a los procesos existentes permitiendo mejorar los tiempos, calidad, productividad y costos asociados. Sin embargo, la falta de comprension y de una solucion que soporte la integracion adecuada con los procesos existentes de una organizacion, trae consigo una serie de obstaculos que entorpecen su implementacion exitosa. En este sentido, se realiza una revision sistematica alrededor de la implementacion de metodologias agiles y otros modelos en MiPyMEs. El objetivo es conocer lo que se ha realizado y logrado en este tipo de empresas respecto a las metodologias agiles principalmente y otros modelos desde el punto de vista de: tendencias, propuestas, experiencias, factores de exito, entre otros.
Integrin α2-Deficient Mice Develop Normally, Are Fertile, but Display Partially Defective Platelet Interaction with Collagen*

The integrin α2-subunit was ablated in mice by targeted deletion of the ITGA2 gene. α2-Deficient animals develop normally, are fertile, and reproduce. Surprisingly, no obvious anatomical or histological differences were observed in mutant mice. Besides its significance in tissue morphogenesis, integrin α2β1 has been reported to play a major role in hemostasis by mediating platelet adhesion and activation on subendothelial collagen. To define its role in hemostasis, α2-deficient platelets were analyzed for their capacity to adhere to and aggregate in response to fibrillar or soluble collagen type I. We show that aggregation of α2-deficient platelets to fibrillar collagen is delayed but not reduced, whereas aggregation to enzymatically digested soluble collagen is abolished. Furthermore, α2-deficient platelets normally adhere to fibrillar collagen. However, in the presence of an antibody against GPVI (activating platelet collagen receptor), adhesion of α2-deficient but not wild type platelets is abrogated. These results demonstrate that integrin α2β1 significantly contributes to platelet adhesion to (fibrillar) collagen, which is further confirmed by the abolished adhesion of α2-deficient platelets to soluble collagen. Thus, α2β1 plays a supportive rather than an essential role in platelet-collagen interactions. These results are in agreement with the observation that α2β1-deficient animals suffer no bleeding anomalies.
Opioid and melanocortin receptors: Do they have overlapping pharmacophores?

We have identified compound 1 as a novel ligand for opioid and melanocortin (MC) receptors, which is derived from the overlapping of a well known structure for the δ opioid receptor, 2,6‐dimethyltyrosine (Dmt)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (Tic), and a small molecule for the MC receptor, Tic‐DPhe(p‐Cl)‐piperidin‐4‐yl‐N‐phenyl‐propionamide. Ligand 1 showed that there is an overlapping pharmacophore between opioid and MC receptors through the Tic residue. The ligand displayed high biological activities at the δ opioid receptor (Ki = 0.38 nM in binding assay, EC50 = 0.48 nM in GTP‐γ‐S binding assay, IC50 = 74 nM in MVD) as an agonist instead of an antagonist and showed selective binding affinity (IC50 = 2.3 μM) at the MC‐3 receptor rather than at the MC‐5 receptor. A study of the structure‐activity relationships demonstrated that the residues in positions 2, 3, and the C‐terminus act as a pharmacophore for the MC receptors, and the residues in positions 1 and 2 act as a pharmacophore for the opioid receptors. Thus, this structural construct can be used to prepare chimeric structures with adjacent or overlapping pharmacophores for opioid and MC receptors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 433–438, 2008.
Findings in revision operations for failures after cholesteatoma surgery.

Surgical findings and long-term results of 112 revision operations performed for failures after cholesteatoma surgery were studied. The indication for revision was recurrence of cholesteatoma in 43 percent, persistent otorrhea in 27 percent, dry reperforation in 10 percent, and unsatisfactory hearing result in 18 percent. Of the recurrences, 71 percent were regarded as residual cholesteatomas (i.e., arising from a cholesteatoma remnant left at the primary operation). Infected unexenterated mastoid air cells were found in 63 percent of ears reoperated on for persistent discharge. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that at least 48 percent of our revisions could have been avoided if the surgeon had used more skillful and more radical surgical technique when performing the primary operation. On the other hand, the persistence of cholesteatoma and the difficulty of eradicating the disease is highlighted by the finding that cholesteatoma again recurred in three patients (3%) after the first revision.
REMARKS ON SOME EQUIVALENT CONDITIONS FOR NEARNESS

We first prove the equivalence between some conditions of nearness and accretivity for nonlinear operators. Then we show an easier proof of a result of Tarsia regarding the equivalence of Cordes and Campanato conditions. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35H20, 46B20, 47H06.
Darwin y la filosofía

Does Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection have implications for epistemology (theory of knowledge) and for ethics (theory of morality)? I argue that it does and try to show how the proper approach is one of seeing that our psychology has been fashioned by selection to inform both our understanding of the world and our interactions with others.
Immunization of Flavivirus West Nile Recombinant Envelope Domain III Protein Induced Specific Immune Response and Protection against West Nile Virus Infection1

The domain III of the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope glycoprotein (E) was shown to serve as virus attachment domain to the cellular receptor, and neutralizing Abs have been mapped to this specific domain. In this study, domain III of the WNV E protein (WNV E DIII) was expressed as a recombinant protein and its potential as a subunit vaccine candidate was evaluated in BALB/C mice. Immunization of WNV E DIII protein with oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-DNA) adjuvant by i.p. injection was conducted over a period of 3 wk. The immunized mice generated high titer of WNV-neutralizing Abs. Murine Ab against WNV E DIII protein was also capable of neutralizing Japanese encephalitis virus. The IgG isotypes generated were predominantly IgG2a in the murine sera against the recombinant protein. Splenocyte cultures from the mice coadministrated with WNV E DIII protein and CpG secreted large amounts of IFN-γ and IL-2 and showed proliferation of T cells in the presence of WNV E DIII protein. Overall, this study highlighted that recombinant WNV E DIII protein delivered in combination with CpG adjuvant to mice generated a Th1 immune response type against WNV and can serve as a potential vaccine to prevent WNV infection.
ERCP using duodenoscope for treatment of stentic pancreatojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy (with video)

1. Kudo S, Tamura S, Nakajima T, Yamano H, Kusaka H, Watanabe H. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy. Gastrointest. Endosc. 1996; 44: 8–14. 2. Kato S, Fujii T, Koba I et al. Assessment of colorectal lesions using magnifying colonoscopy and mucosal dye spraying: Can significant lesions be distinguished? Endoscopy 2001; 33: 306– 10. 3. Nakayama H, Fujii M, Kimura A, Kajihara H. A solitary PeutzJeghers-type hamartomatous polyp of the rectum: Report of a case and review of the literature. Jpn J. Clin. Oncol. 1996; 26: 273–6. 4. Sugai T, Nakamura SI. A case of hamartomatous polyp with adenocarcinomatous lesion of the colorectum. Pathol. Clin. Med. 2004; 22: 636–7. (in Japanese).
Nonoperative and Operative Management of Snapping Scapula

Snapping scapula is a painful crepitus of the scapulothoracic articulation. This crepitus is a grinding or snapping noise with scapulothoracic motion that may or may not accompany pain. This condition is commonly seen in overhead-throwing athletes. Treatment of patients with this syndrome begins with nonoperative methods; when nonoperative treatment fails, several surgical options exist. This article will discuss both nonoperative and operative management of this common shoulder condition.