Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Die praktische Identifizierung bierschädlicher Bakterien

Une methode permettant au brasseur d'identifier les bacteries nuisibles a la biere, avec un degre de certitude suffisant et en mettant en œuvre des techniques de laboratoire simples et limitees est decrite. On expose les moyens les plus efficaces de mise en culture, de purification et les differents tests differentiels d'identification convenant pour chacun des groupes de bacteries, particulierement les lactobacilles et les pediocoques. Les limitations de cette methode sont exposees ainsi que des considerations sur la frequence relative des diverses infections et leurs consequences
The use of intertidal barnacle shells

Aggregations of intertidal barnacles can affect the space available for settlement of other intertidal organisms. Of particular importance is the protection such aggregations can provide for small invertebrates and fishes settling within the tests, in the parietal channels in the shells and in the small spaces between groups of shells. Protection from adverse environmental conditions such as exposure to waves, excessive heat (particularly on tropical shores), and predation is essential for many species settling as larvae or for small invertebrates which eventually may become adults too big for the barnacle tests. A large variety of organisms can be found in and on barnacle shells including algae that grow on and within barnacle wall plates. The numerous organisms associated with barnacles range from protozoans through to vertebrates and each group is described in detail. Of the lower invertebrates, turbellarians and polychaetes are the most common followed by isopods, arachnids, and molluscs. In the case of fishes it seems that the empty barnacle tests are used mainly as refuges, nesting sites, and for mating. In conclusion, the importance to intertidal communities of the structures provided by barnacles, both alive and dead, in making available additional settling sites and protection for organisms is stressed.
Maturity and growth of the acadian redfish (Sebastes fasciatus) in the Gulf of Maine

Acadian redfish (Sebastes fasciatus) are a long-lived, slow growing, live-bearing fish species found in the Gulf of Maine region. Historically, this species once supported a substantial commercial fishery, however, overexploitation coupled with low reproductive output decimated natural populations. Strict regulatory measures were implemented and the population eventually recovered, however, knowledge of the current population status is essential to ensure that the population continues to be harvested at a sustainable rate. This study utilized otolith age readings and histological analysis of gonad tissue to determine current growth and maturity patterns in the Gulf of Maine S. fasciatus population. Growth functions obtained in this study differed between males and females, confirming past studies. The age at maturity (A50) estimate for female S. fasciatus obtained from this study was found to be higher than estimates obtained from past studies while the length at maturity (L50) estimate remained similar.
Distribución espacial de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Coleoptera (Insecta) en una quebrada de primer orden, bosque montano, Junín, Perú

El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar la composicion y distribucion espacial de cuatro ordenes de insectos acuaticos Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Coleoptera (EPTC), en una quebrada de primer orden, Chanchamayo, Peru. Se realizaron colectas bimensuales desde marzo del 2013 a enero del 2014 en cuatro microhabitats loticos: piedra, grava, musgo y hojas retenidas en la corriente. Fueron colectados un total de 7825 individuos agrupados en 51 generos distribuidos en 27 familias de EPTC. El microhabitat de hoja retenida en los rapidos presento la mayor abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de EPTC. Los generos mas representativos en terminos de abundancia fueron Farrodes (10.35%), Phylloicus (10.01%) y Heterelmis (6.07%). La familia Elmidae fue la mas diversa con 11 generos. Las pruebas no parametricas de Kruskall-Wallis para riqueza, abundancia, diversidad y equidad determinaron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05) entre los micro habitat estudiados. El analisis de ordenamiento no parametrico de escalamiento multidimensional nMDS y el analisis de similaridad ANOSIM, evidenciaron diferencias claras entre las muestras de micro habitats.
Catecholamines increase lymphocyte β2-adrenergic receptors via a β2-adrenergic, spleen-dependent process

La densite elevee en recepteurs β-adrenergiques dans les leucocytes mononucleaires apres une exposition a des agonistes b-adrenergiques est due a une liberation de lymphocytes dans la circulation et/ou a un echange lymphocytaire entre la rate et la circulation. L'immunosensibilite semble etre diminuee de deux facons, par l'abaissement du rapport Th/Ts/c- et par une augmentation de la sensibilite des lymphocytes aux effets antiproliferatifs des catecholamines via une haute densite en β-AR(recepteurs β-adrenergiques)
Immunological properties of parthenogenetic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and their application in cardiac tissue engineering

Cardiovascular diseases and their long term consequences constitute serious health and economic burdens. Although promising new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the detrimental consequences have been introduced, there is still no therapy that would lead to a therapeutically efficient replacement of lost cardiomyocytes (CMs), e.g. after a myocardial infarction. CMs can be reliably generated from pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) have recently been introduced as an alternative, attractive pluripotent stem cell entity. PSCs generated from pharmacologically activated unfertilized oocytes contain only maternal chromosomes, and show a growth and differentiation behavior similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The unique chromosomal constitution of PSCs makes them largely haploidentical, creating the possibility for immunological matching. In this study we demonstrated that transgenic major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-haploidentical PSCs (H-2d/d) can be generated carrying a neomycin resistance gene (NeoR) transcribed under the control of the CM-restricted alpha myosin heavy chain (MYH6) promoter for antibiotic selection of PSC-CMs. Differentiation and cardiomyocytes purification could be achieved at a large scale in suspension culture spinner flasks. PSC-derived non-myocytes (NM) express MHC-I which was significantly upregulated after interferon gamma (IFNγ) stimulation. PSC-derived CM did not express MHC-I and MHC-II under basal conditions, but were up-regulated after IFNγ treatment. Expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) was not evident in PSC-derivatives under baseline or IFNγ stimulated conditions. PD-L1 expression was upregulated after IFNγ stimulation. In vitro immune cell proliferation assays showed that PSC-CM and PSC-NM had strong effect on lymphocyte activation, while PSC-EHM had negligible effect on lymphocyte stimulation. Implantation of PSC-CM under the kidney capsule suggested enhanced survival under MHC-matching. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the immunological properties of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their derivatives.
Key principles of ecosystem‐based management: the fishermen's perspective

Despite the growing popularity of ecosystem-based management (EBM) in national legislation and in research and institutional literature, there is often an implementation gap ‘on the ground’, impeding widespread adoption in fisheries. This gap reflects in part the differing understandings of EBM held by fishermen and by management institutions. To explore and seek to close this gap, the underlying principles of EBM considered priorities by fishermen were systematically compared with the priorities identified in the published literature. The fishermen's priorities were determined by asking Atlantic Canadian fishermen to identify the EBM principles they consider most important. Four priority principles were identified: Sustainability, Stakeholder Involvement, Develop Long-Term Objectives and Use of All Forms of Knowledge. The latter two were not frequently noted as priorities in the literature, while some literature priorities were less commonly chosen by fishermen, indicating a significant difference in perspectives on EBM. The rationale for fishermen's choice of priorities was explored by analysing the fishery management issues they raised – many directly connected to the above four priorities. In addition, another principle, Commit to Principles of Equity, often arose as an implicit priority among fishermen. We suggest that success in implementation of EBM may depend on reconciling differing priorities among its underlying principles, and combining knowledge and expertise from fishermen with research and institutional sources. The comparative methodology used here, which could be replicated elsewhere, should lead to better recognition of local challenges in EBM implementation and encourage support for EBM, to further its contribution to sustainable fisheries.
Force Transduction and Strain Dynamics through Actin Stress Fibres of the Cytoskeleton

vii Acknowledgements. viii Contribution Statement . x List of Publications and Presentations . xi Chapter One: Introduction . 1 1.1 Structural Biology of the Cell . 2 1.1.1 Cellular Components. 2 1.1.2 The Cytoskeleton . 3 1.1.3 Actin-Myosin Stress Fibre Complexes . 6 1.1.4 Anti-Cytoskeletal Drugs . 7 1.2 Mechanotransduction through the Cytoskeleton . 8 1.3 Simultaneous Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy studying Mechanotransduction . 12 1.4 References . 15 Chapter Two: Theories and Use of Microscopy Techniques . 20 2.1 Atomic Force Microscopy . 21 2.1.1 Schematic of an Atomic Force Microscope . 23 2.1.2 Cantilever Calibration . 25 2.1.3 Imaging Modes . 28 2.1.4 Force Curves . 30 2.1. 5 Validity of AFM Force Techniques for use on Cells . 32 2.2 Confocal Microscopy. 34 2.2.1 Schematic of a Confocal Microscope . 35 2.2.2 Fluorescence and Photobleaching . 36 2.2.3 Advantages to Confocal Microscopy . 38 2.2.4 Variations and Improvements to Confocal Microscopy . 40 2.3 Cell Techniques . 41 2.3. 1 Green Fluorescent Protein . 41 2.3. 2 Transfection Techniques . 42 2.4 Mechanical Models of the Cell . 44 2.5 Importance of Studying Cellular Mechanics . 47
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Typing of Enterococcus. faecalis Isolated from Lebanese Individuals

Objective: In this study we assessed the utility of ran-dom amplified polymorphic DNA in the subtyping of 38 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. Method: Twenty of 38 subtypes were recovered from urinary tract infections and 18 from rectal swabs of hospitalized patients with no enterococcal infections. All isolates were initially identified by conventional bac-teriological methods and the API 20 Streptococcus sys-tem. Biotyping was done on the basis of hippurate hy-drolysis (HH) test using API 20S. Susceptibility of the isolates to vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin and gen-tamicin was performed by the disk diffusion and the agar dilution methods. Antimicrobials were selected based on treatment regimen adopted by clinicians. DNA was extracted from all isolates using the PureGene kit and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Typing (RAPD) was done using a 10 mer and 22 mer primers reflecting the GC content of the genome. Results: Our data have shown that 38 tested isolates were E. faecalis. Thirteen of 38 were of fecal origin and 6/38 were of urine origin. All 19 isolates were of bio-type I (HH positive). The remaining 5 of fecal origin and 14 of urine origin were of biotype II (HH negative). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and ampicillin except 3 urine and 1 fecal isolates that showed resistance to ampicillin. All urine isolates were resistant to gentamicin while 3 of 18 fe-cal isolates were susceptible to this antimicrobial agent. RAPD data have shown that 2/19 biotype I iso-lates, showed one RAPD pattern and were susceptible to teichoplanin and vancomycin; and 2/19 showed a different pattern and were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials except gentamicin. All 4 isolates were of urine origin. The remaining 15 biotype I isolates had different patterns. In addition, of 19 biotype II isolates, 2 showed one pattern and the remaining 17 different patterns. Two isolates were of urine origin and resis-tant to gentamicin. The RAPD patterns were reproduc-ible. Conclusion: These observations suggest that RAPD is efficient for subtyping E. faecalis and may be useful as a tool in epidemiologic investigations. Key words: RAPD, enterococcus faecalis, subtyping.
UTILITY OF THE CONCEPT OF GARBHOTPADAKA SAMAGRI ( ESSENTIAL FACTORS FOR CONCEPTION ) IN THE PRESENT ERA

Fertilization is essential for propagation of species and their evolution . It is the process of union of male and female gametes resulting in the formati on of a zygote . Thereafter implantation and growth of the fetus takes place in the uterus till delivery . So formation of a baby from the period of conception till delivery depends upon the factors such as fertile period, healthy uterus, nutrition from the mother and healthy sperms . The proper knowledge about all these factors will definitely lead to the production of a healthy offspring . This concept is well explained in Ayurvedic classics as healthy progeny will be formed when there is proper union of Rutu ( fertile period ) , Kshetra ( Uterus ) , Ambu ( Nutrition ) and Beeja ( Gamete ) in their superior state .
Biotechnology of floricultural crops

The production and use of floricultural crops represents an expanding area in U.S. agriculture. Currently, the wholesale value of the U.S. floriculture industry exceeds 2 billion dollars. The production of plants solely for their aesthetic value represents a unique form of agriculture. As a result of their ornamental value, efforts to improve flower crops center around quality attributes such as flower color, flower form, plant architecture, and postharvest keeping quality (vase life). In addition, improved agronomic traits, such as disease and insect resistance, are sought in flower breeding programs, as with other crop species. Traditionally, the breeding of flower crops has been more art than science. Typically, breeders will cross two plants with little knowledge of their genetic makeup and screen the resulting progeny for desirable characteristics. The parents of such a cross are often heterozygous, thus resulting in a myriad of phenotypes in the seedling population. It is for this reason that selections are maintained through vegetative propagation to ensure genetically identical individuals. Due to the high value of flower crops, it is economically feasible to propagate plants vegetatively rather than by the less expensive seed propagation method. Clearly, most flower breeding programs are less sophisticated than those for agronomic crops, where inbred lines of known genetic makeup exist. While such an approach has yielded many valuable flower cultivars, it certainly has its limitations. The extreme heterozygosity in many valuable floricultural crops (rose, chrysanthemum, and carnation) limits the advances in breeding. For example, as a result of the lack of inbred lines, directed breeding efforts for individual traits are very difficult. In addition, the improvement of flower crops by traditional breeding is hampered by a limited gene pool. Certainly, this is an explanation for the lack of desirable blue pigments in roses and carnations.
Micropropagation of Entada pursaetha DC-An endangered medicinal plant of Western Ghats

A micropropagation protocol has been standardized for an endangered leguminous woody climber, Entada pursaetha using cotyledonary node explants. The synergetic effect of BAP (5 mg/L) with NAA (0.5 mg/L) induced a mean of 9.8±1.23 adventitious shoots from the cotyledonary node. The frequency of shoot production was highest (98.7%) in proximal transverse half of the cotyledon. The microshoots rooted well on MS half strength medium supplemented with 2 mg/L IBA. 70% of the hardened regenerants were acclimatized to the soil.
The contribution of post-fermentation bittering to beer composition and stability

Use of commercial and lab-prepared pre-isomerized hop extracts, yielding hopped beers from 10.8 to 37.6 IBU levels, resulted in improved microbiological and foam stabilities compared to unhopped beers. The hopped beers also had significantly lower concentrations of Zn, Fe, and Cu than the unhopped beers. Poorer physical and flavor stabilities were observed in some of the post-fermentation hopped beers resulting from higher total polyphenols, which included the iso-alpha acids themselves, and higher unsaturated fatty acids present in the pre-isomerized hop extracts, respectively. The results indicate that use of pre-isomerized hop extract in beer in a post-fermentation manner is likely to be entirely beneficial with regard to bittering, foam, and microbiological stabilities. However, from a flavor stability standpoint, care must be taken to avoid coincidental addition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the pre-isomerized hop extract when post-fermentation bittering is practiced.
Generation of sgp130Fc transgenic mice: Inhibition of IL-6-transsignaling in vivo impairs the proper resolution of acute inflammation

Interleukin 6 (IL6) cytokine signaling is based on classic and trans-signaling. Classic signaling utilizes the membrane bound Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), whereas in trans-signaling IL6 acts via a soluble form of the IL6 receptor. The signal transducing subunit gp130 of the IL6 receptor complex is ubiquitously expressed whereas the IL6R is only sparely expressed. The specific occurrence of the soluble IL6R (sIL6R) during acute and chronic inflammation massively increases the number of target cells for IL6. To address the question whether IL6 trans-signaling is important in vivo transgenic mice were generated, which overexpress the soluble designer receptor antagonist sgp130Fc. To achieve high level accumulation of the sgp130Fc protein in vivo a cDNA-optimization strategy (opt_sgp130Fc) was applied. These mice displayed an IL6-trans-signaling knock out phenotype, since sgp130Fc specifically inhibits only IL6 trans-signaling but not classic IL6 signaling. The transgenic mice are resistant to the IL6/sIL6R-mediated induction of acute phase response. Furthermore, it was shown that during acute inflammation the recruitment of mononuclear cells is strictly dependent on IL6 trans-signaling. The soluble IL6 receptor is released from activated neutrophils at the site of inflammation and in complex with IL6 induces a chemokine expression pattern, which leads to subsequent infiltration of mononuclear cells, and which is specifically blocked in opt_sgp130Fc transgenics.
The avoidance-image hypothesis and color polymorphism in Buteo hawks

The avoidance-image hypothesis proposes that conspicuous, dark-phased raptors invade populations consisting exclusively of light-phased individuals because prey previously attacked by light individuals more strongly avoid light than dark individuals in subsequent attacks (Rohwer 1983). We extend this hypothesis to predict (1) that migratory species of Buteo are more likely to be color polymorphic than resident species, (2) that, among polymorphic species of Buteo, migrants should occur in more than two morphs and residents in just two, and (3) that pairing preferences should be disassortative in dimorphic species. Without information on the genetic control of color variation in highly polymorphic species, pairing preferences cannot be predicted. Comparative data support predictions (1) and (2); few data relevant to prediction (3) exist. The striking color dimorphism and random pairing of the colonial-breeding Falco eleonorae is argued not to violate predictions of the avoidance-image hypothesis.
Combined Effects of Blue and Ultraviolet Lights on the Accumulation of Flavonoids in Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts

Abstract The effects of blue and UV-A (365 nm)/UV-C (254 nm) or their combinations on the levels of total flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), rutin degrading enzymes (RDEs) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in tartary buckwheat sprouts were investigated in this study. The total flavonoids content in the tartary buckwheat sprouts irradiated with blue light followed by UV-C (BL+UV-C) raised by 10%, compared with the opposite combination sequence (UV-C+BL). However, blue light did not show the same results when combined with UV-A, and their combinations on the accumulation of total flavonoids were still lower than that of UV-A/UV-C. Key enzymes (PAL, CHI and RDEs) revealed a significant correlation with total flavonoids in tartary buckwheat sprouts.
Some properties of plasmocoagulase of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis

Criteria for the evaluation of the plasmocoagulase activity of natural isolates and mutant strains of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis were worked out, which made it possible to subdivide them by this sign into pathogens with high, moderate and low activity. Plasmocoagulase produced by pathogenic Burkholderia was shown to be a thermolabile enzyme, comparatively stable with respect to the action of such chemico-biological agents as hydrogen peroxide and chloramine.
Gestação: um desafio imunológico Pregnancy: an immune challenge

Several studies demonstrate the importance of immunological aspects of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the embryo is implanted in the womb, where it will develop until the end of pregnancy. Amongst the immune aspects, the importance of the modulation of T lymphocytes, natural killers (NK) cells and many cytokines in maternal organism can be mentioned. The maternal tolerance to the fetus appears to be mediated by specific maternal hormones and by the expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) - characteristic in pregnancy. Other studies suggest that fetal rejection and complications during pregnancy may occur because of the presence of minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAg), acquired by blood sharing of the mother with the fetus, and because of the presence of maternal antibodies against the sperm and against the fetus. The purpose of this review is to describe the immunological aspects that allow maternal tolerance to the fetus during pregnancy, as well as possible causes for rejection of the embryo and complications during pregnancy.
Estimation of Acute Phase Proteins as Early Biomarkers of Buffalo Subclinical Mastitis

Mastitis is a widespread global problem of dairy animals responsible for huge economic losses. Subclinical mastitis is 15-40 times more prevalent than clinical mastitis and causes two third losses of the total milk production. Early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis is important to prevent its further progress to clinical mastitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentration of acute phase proteins mainly milk amyloid A and haptoglobin in milk of healthy and subclinical mastitis affected buffaloes for early diagnosis. Milk samples of apparently healthy buffaloes were screened for subclinical mastitis following International dairy federation criteria. Samples from healthy and subclinical cases were subjected to estimation of milk amyloid A and haptoglobin by commercially available kits (Phase Range, Tridelta, Development Ltd. Ireland). Statistical analysis and receiver operating characteristics analysis were used to determine level of significance, sensitivity and specificity. Significant increase in concentrations of milk amyloid A and haptoglobin in quarter milk samples of buffaloes having subclinical mastitis was observed as compared to healthy animals. Results of the correlation matrix revealed significantly strong positive correlations of SCC with APPs, Hp (r = 0.818**, p<0.01) and MAA (r = 0.810**, p<0.01) concentrations in milk. In conclusion, acute phase proteins can be used as rapid and sensitive biomarkers for detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy animals.