Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponge Associates: Antibiotics from Bacillus Sp.

Marine organisms like algae, invertebrates, microbes contain a wide range of bioactivity. Marine organisms associated microorganisms are bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeast etc. The secondary metabolites from these organisms have recently gained importance in the pharmaceutical and pesticide industries. Reports of the marine organisms have proved that compounds isolated from them are potential in several fields particularly as new therapeutic agents for variety of diseases. These are potential in producing the bioactive compounds like antibiotics, metabolites, steroids, glycoprotein's etc; which are useful for the mankind. Marine natural products discovery includes the search for pharmaceuticals, enzymes, dietary supplements, and biopolymers. The marine environment is attractive as it holds promise as a source of entirely new bioactive compounds.
Effect of Level of Processing Prior to Response on Cognitive Control： Evidence from ERP

Based on the idea that intentions have different penetrability to perception and thought, four Stroop-like tasks, AA, AW, WA, and WW are used. Event-related brain potentials are recorded as participants completed these tasks, and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) is used to localize the sources at specific time points. These results show that there is an interference effect in the AA and WA tasks, but not in the AW or WW tasks. The activated brain areas related to the interference effect in the AA task are the PFC (prefrontal cortex) and ACC (anterior cingulated cortex), and PFC activation takes place prior to ACC activation, but only in WA task. Combined with previous results, a new neural mechanism of cognitive control is proposed.
Planning Robotic Assembly Sequences

In the automotive industry, short ramp up times and high product quality drive the development toward state-of-the-art solutions both in the research and industrial perspective. In addition to that, a sustainable industry requires optimized equipment utilization, in terms of materials used and consumed energy. This thesis is a contribution in the never-ending process of achieving the goals above described and has as focus virtual product realization for robot assembly. Virtual methods, indeed, decrease the need for prototyping and can simulate, and thereafter optimize the robotic assembly process. In order to optimize equipment utilization and assembly time for a new product, this thesis presents algorithms and tools to check geometrical feasibility and minimize cycle time in multirobot stations. Robustness for the assembly process is very important, therefore geometrical variation is also considered during path and assembly planning. In fact, one of the contribution is a tool integrating robot path planning and geometrical variation for robot assembly. The main idea is to let the robot move in the workspace areas where there is less uncertainty. Another tool presented integrates assembly design, sequence optimization and path planning, which can be used in order to evaluate different concepts regarding locating scheme and the robustness in its critical dimensions. The major contribution is a new approach to schedule robot operations to avoid collisions and minimize cycle time for multirobot stations. Two articles present algorithms and tools to distribute the operations workload among several robots and coordinate them. These new ideas and their implementation in software platforms can improve virtual product realization for robotic applications by requiring less expert knowledge from the user and making automatic optimization not only part of delivering a detailed solution but also letting it be part of the decision making process.
Reciprocity and Emotions: Arousal, Self-Reports, and Expectations

Although reciprocity is a key concept in the social sciences, it is still unclear why people engage in costly reciprocation. In this study, physiological and self-report measures were employed to investigate the role of emotions, using the Power-to-Take Game. In this 2-person game, player 1 can claim any part of player 2's resources, and player 2 can react by destroying some (or all) of these resources thus preventing their transfer to player 1. Both physiological and self-report measures were related to destruction decisions and expectations. The pattern of emotional arousal and its correlation with self-reported anger highlights the importance of using both techniques for studying reciprocity.
Scaling analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy at the entrainment zone in sheared convective boundary layers

The development and maintenance of a well–mixed atmospheric boundary layer have a direct influence on many atmospheric phenomena, such as cloud formation or pollutant distribution. The growth of the convective boundary layer (CBL) is driven by both surface fluxes of heat and moisture and by the entrainment of warm and dry air from the free atmosphere into the boundary layer. Wind shear at the surface and at the inversion layer enhances these processes. Buoyancy and shear can substantially affect the depth of the mixed layer, the CBL’s main characteristics and the turbulence statistics. The structure of the CBL has been theoretically found to differ in purely neutral and convective cases (Sykes and Henn 1989; Moeng and Sullivan 1994; Khanna and Brasseur 1998). Moreover, observations and numerical simulations have shown that in a CBL where both forces are present, the convection pattern is in the form of horizontal rolls (LeMone 1973; Christian and Wakimoto 1989, Pino et al. 2003). From 1970 onwards many researchers (Tennekes 1973; Stull 1976a; Zeman and Tennekes 1977; Tennekes and Driedonks 1981; Driedonks and Tennekes 1984; Fedorovich 1995; Sorbjan 1996; Pino et al. 2003, 2006; Sorbjan 2004; Kim et al. 2006; Conzemius and Fedorovich 2006b) have concentrated on studying the value and possible evolution of the ratio of virtual potential temperature fluxes at the inversion level and at the surface, β = −wθv|i/wθv |s. The main goal of these studies was to understand the driving processes of the entrainment heat flux and subsequently to develop a suitable parameterization for the entrainment flux. By analyzing the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) budget, it is possible to obtain a parametric expression which depends only on scaling parameters. These expressions have been evaluated with observations (Artaz and Andre 1980; Dubosclard 1980; Driedonks 1982; Culf 1992; Betts and Ball 1994; Angevine et al. 1998; Hageli et al. 2000). By comparing the parameterized boundary layer depth or entrainment flux ratio against observations, the authors of some of these studies pointed to the importance of taking shear and dissipation contributions into account in the parameterizations.
Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Structural Problems Using Atomic Basis Functions

The numerical model for the elasto-plastic analysis of prismatic bars subjected to torsion is developed. The functions implemented in this model are Fup basis functions which belong to the class of atomic functions. The collocation method is used to form a system of equations in which the differential equation of the problem is satisfied in collocation points of closed domain, while boundary conditions are satisfied exactly at the domain boundary. The propagation of plastic zones in the cross-section is monitored by applying the incremental-iterative procedure until failure. An approximate solution of arbitrary accuracy is attained by hierarchically increasing the number of basis functions during non-linear calculation (multilevel approach) in places where plastic yielding occurs. The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with the existing exact solutions and numerical solutions obtained by the Finite Element Method. It can be concluded that the presented numerical model efficiently simulates the real non-linear behavior of the structure and provides excellent results for the elaborated problems.
Effects of Climate Variability on Snowmelt and Implications for Organic Matter in a High‐Elevation Lake

Few coupled lake‐watershed studies examine long‐term effects of climate on the ecosystem function of lakes in a hydrological context. We use 32 years of hydrological and biogeochemical data from a high‐elevation site in the Sierra Nevada of California to characterize variation in snowmelt in relation to climate variability and explore the impact on factors affecting phytoplankton biomass. The magnitude of accumulated winter snow, quantified through basinwide estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE), was the most important climate factor controlling variation in the timing and rate of spring snowmelt. Variations in SWE and snowmelt led to significant differences in lake flushing rate, water temperature, and nitrate concentrations across years. On average in dry years, snowmelt started 25 days earlier and proceeded 7 mm/day slower, and the lake began the ice‐free season with nitrate concentrations ~2 μM higher and water temperatures 9°C warmer than in wet years. Flushing rates in wet years were 2.5 times larger than those in dry years. Consequently, particulate organic matter concentrations, a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, were 5–6 μM higher in dry years. There was a temporal trend of increase in particulate organic matter across dry years that corresponded to lake warming independent of variation in SWE. These results suggest that phytoplankton biomass is increasing as a result of both interannual variability in precipitation and long‐term warming trends. Our study underscores the need to account for local‐scale catchment variability that may affect the accumulation of winter snowpack when predicting climate responses in lakes.
Cost Function Estimation with Proportional Errors in Variables

A model with proportional errors in variables arising naturally in microeconomics is considered. Unlike the classical additive errors case, all OLS parameter estimates exhibit attenuation bias that does not depend on the limiting distribution of the data. The distribution of OLS estimators is developed. With no intercept, a simple correction of OLS based on mean predictions is identified that is consistent and asymptotically normal. With an intercept, a readily available additional moment based on sample data identifies the parameters. In neither case are additional restrictions or use of extra-sample data as instruments required as for common errors-in-variables methods.
Real Time Telemedical Health Care Systems with Wearable Sensors

The time between detection and response to chronic diseases could go a long way in saving lives. The current trend in health monitoring systems is to move from the hospital centered device to eventually portable personal devices. Hence, Telemedical health care involves the remote delivery of medical care service to either out-of-hospital or admitted patients through wireless network and computer information technology. This paper systematically reviews the most recent works in telemedical health care system to propose a more efficient model. The focus is more on wearable sensors and devices with most attention given to cardiovascular patients in recent times. The huge literature available reflects the size of activity and attention given to telemedicine. The reviewed works are published within the last five years. Furthermore, the proposed systems are compared in terms of their connectivity, targeted application, type of sensor used, etc. Our study reveals Telemedicine to be a profound field with researchers from multidisciplinary sectors. However, there are still many gaps that need to be filled before maturity. Factors such as efficient wireless transmission, cyber data security, sensor design and integration, device miniaturization and intelligent algorithm for multi parameter data fusion require further considerations.
Development of DNA Analysis for Forensic Animal Investigations

DEVELOPMENT OF DNA ANALYSIS FOR FORENSIC ANIMAL INVESTIGATIONS Kristen Thoms, M.S. George Mason University, 2012 Research Project Director: Professor Amandeep Gill DNA Analysis has been an important tool for forensic investigations, used to scientifically link an individual to a crime, and provide statistical relevance to the possibility that any other person could have contributed that biological evidence. This analysis has predominantly focused on human biological evidence, but animal-sourced evidence can provide equally compelling information to an investigation. Such analysis could be useful in cases that involve trace transfer of animal hairs (such as from a pet of the perpetrator onto a victim), cases that involve an animal directly (such as a animal cruelty cases), or cases that involve wildlife (such as the trade of endangered animal parts). Studies show that ~50% of US households contain a dog or cat, and that wildlife trade is estimated at $20 billion a year. However, animal DNA evidence has been used in only a small number of courtroom cases. This research seeks to outline the potential, limitations, and necessary development in research and technology to apply DNA analysis to animal evidence.
SCHEMATIC MODEL FOR ANALYZING MOBILITY AND DETECTION OF MULTIPLE OBJECT ON TRAFFIC SCENE

Detection, counting as well as gathering features to perform analysis of behavior of natural scene is one of the complex processes to be design. My previous work has introduced a simple model for identifying and counting the moving objects using simple low level features. The current work is an extension of the previous work where the focus is not only to detect and count the multiple moving objects but also to understand the crowd behavior as well as exponentially reduce the issues of inter-object occlusion. The image frame sequence is considered as input for the proposed schematic model. Unscented Kalman filter is used for understanding the behavior of the scene as well as for increasing the detection accuracy and reducing the false positives. Designed on Matlab environment, the result shows highly accurate detection rate.
A database-driven ontology for German grammar

The main objective of this article is to describe the current activities at the Mannheim Institute for German Language regarding the implementation of a domain-specific ontology for German grammar. We differentiate ontology bases from ontology management Systems, point out the benefits of database-driven Solutions, and go Step by Step through all phases of the ontology lifecycle. In Order to demonstrate the practical use of our approach, we outline the interface between our ontology and the grammis web Information System, and compare the ontology-based retrieval mechanism with traditional full text search.
Simulating nearshore wave transformation with non-hydrostatic wave-flow modelling

Ever since the first successes, two decades ago, in reproducing the laboratory data on phase-resolved wave properties of interest in coastal regions and harbours with a set of evolution equations and empirical formulations, Boussinesq-type wave models have rapidly gained in popularity. The corresponding equations are vertically integrated equations for wave propagation in two horizontal dimensions with different assumptions made for the variation of fluid motion over the water depth. As such, they can be interpreted as extended shallow water equations including the lowest order effects of frequency dispersion and nonlinearity. In addition, they can resolve rapid variations that occur at scales of one wave length or lesser. This type of phase-resolved modelling emerged as a mature discipline and, in conjunction with suitable numerical techniques, became the most widely employed predictive tools in coastal engineering and in morphodynamics. Most well-known and wellestablished Boussinesq-type wave models are FUNWAVE (Kirby et al., 1998), BOUSS-2D (Nwogu and Demirbilek, 2001), Mike 21 BW (DHI Group, 2008) and COULWAVE (Lynett and Liu, 2002). Numerous researchers and users all over the world contributed to the testing, development and refinement of these tools.
Randomized Consensus in Expected Operations

In the theory of distributed computation, the behavior of multi-processor environments is being studied. The various processors can be allocated in different sites, and can communicate through various communication media, such as massage passing networks, shared variables, and others. The behavior of the distributed system is studied with respect to the type of the communication media, and other characteristics of the system. For instance, the system may be synchronous, i.e., the processors have an access to a global clock, or to the contrary, the system may be totally asynchronous, i.e., the individual processors operate in rates that a.re independent on one another. Furthermore, the processors may be totally reliable, or may crash fail during their execution, (i.e., a processor may stop executing its code and never recover), or even worse, the processors may operate maliciously against the system.
Age castration of Nellore males on the profile of fatty acids of meat

This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol content, ? -tocopherol and fatty acids in the meat of Nellore young bulls or steers castrated at different ages, 13 or 18 months. The animals were confined for 100 days and slaughtered at 22 months of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, using 12 repetitions. The levels of palmitic acid (26.39%), stearic (24.39%), myristic (3.01%) and total saturated fatty acids were not altered by sexual condition or castration age. Oleic was the fatty acid with the highest average participation in the meat (34.54%), and lower content in the meat of young bulls in relation to the castrated. The content of total unsaturated fatty acids was lower in the young bulls in relation to castrated at 18 months, which did not differ from castrated at 12 months. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased by elevation of the castration age, being similar between young bulls and castrated at 18 months. The ratio ? 6/? 3 was not altered by sexual condition or castration age. Castration at the beginning of the finishing period increases the content of beneficial fatty acids to health in relation to castrated in the first third of backgrounding.
Power Control Method for Reducing Circulating Current in Parallel Operation of DC Distribution System

In general, for a large power system like DC distribution system for buildings, several power converters are modularized for parallel operation. However, in parallel operation, inconsistency of parameters in each module causes circulating current in the whole system. Circulating current is directly related to loss, and, therefore, it is most important for the safety of the power system to supply the suitable current to each module. This paper proposes a control method to reduce circulating current caused during parallel operation. Accordingly, the validity of parallel operation system including response characteristics and normal state was verified by simulation and experiment result.
Motivation and Cheating During Early Adolescence

The relations of motivational variables to self-reported cheating behaviors and beliefs in science were examined in a sample of early adolescents. It was hypothesized that cheating and beliefs in the acceptability of cheating would be more likely when students perceived an emphasis on performance and extrinsic incentives rather than on mastery and improvement. Results indicated that students who reported cheating in science perceived their classrooms as being extrinsically focused and perceived their schools as being focused on performance and ability. Students who believed in the acceptability of cheating also reported personal extrinsic goals and a perceived emphasis on extrinsic factors in class. Students who reported cheating also worried about school. The reported use of deep cognitive strategies was related negatively and the use of self-handicapping strategies was related positively to cheating beliefs and behaviors. Why do some adolescents engage in cheating behaviors, whereas others do not? What are the motivational variables related to cheating during adolescence? The present study examines relations between motivational variables and selfreported cheating beliefs and behaviors in a sample of early adolescents.
Two Sides to Self-protection: Self-improvement Strivings and Feedback from Close Relationships Eliminate Mnemic Neglect

People selectively forget feedback that threatens central self-conceptions, a phenomenon labeled mnemic neglect. Such forgetting serves to protect the self-system, but its rigid application may be associated with liabilities such as failing to learn about one's weaknesses. Two experiments tested the extent to which mnemic neglect is rigid or flexible. In Experiment 1, where self-improvement strivings were primed, mnemic neglect was absent: threatening and non-threatening feedback was recalled equally. In Experiment 2, participants received feedback either from a stranger or a close relationship. Participants recalled poorly threatening stranger feedback but recalled well threatening close-relationship feedback. Self-protection is flexible and strategic. Individuals recall well self-threatening feedback when they are concerned with self-improvement and when the feedback has ramifications for long-term relationships.
Initial Stages of Events: The Atayal Unmarked Predicates

This paper addresses the aspectual properties of unmarked predicates in Atayal, one of the Austronesian languages spoken in northern Taiwan. Unmarked predicates are predicates that are only marked with a voice affix, without any aspect marker, and they have been characterized in the literature as temporally and aspectually neutral for the reason that the event that unmarked predicates denote can be interpreted as past episodic, present progressive, or past/present habitual (Huang 1993, Zeitoun et al. 1996), as exemplified in (1):
Top-Down Teaching Enables Non-Trivial Clustering via Competitive Learning

Unsupervised competitive learning classifies patterns based on similarity of their input representations. As it is not given external guidance, it has no means of incorporating taskspecific information useful for classifying based on semantic similarity. This report describes a method of augmenting the basic competitive learning algorithm with a top-down teaching signal. This teaching signal removes the restriction inherent in unsupervised learning and allows high level structuring of the representation while maintaining the speed and biological plausibility of a local Hebbian style learning algorithm. Examples, using this algorithm in small problems, are presented and the function of the teaching input is illustrated geometrically. This work supports the hypothesis that cortical back-projections are important for the organization of sensory traces during learning. This research was supported by a. grant from the Huma.n Frontier Science Program and by a Canadien NSERC 1967 Science and Engineering Scholarship.