Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Epidermoid Cysts in the Palatine Tonsil Causing Referred Otalgia: A Case Report

Tonsillar retention cysts are relatively common in clinical practice. Rarer varieties such as epidermoid cysts are usually solitary and present with complaints such as “lump in the throat” or difficulty swallowing. We therefore report a case diagnosed with multiple epidermoid cysts who presented with the unusual feature of referred otalgia.
Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Environment for Microalgal Source for Production of Nutraceuticals

cho-Abstract With the growing implementation with the AI and virtual environment there is a better scope for the production of highest quality of nutraceuticals. Microalgae, capable of performing photosynthesis, are important for life on earth which provides a well-balanced mixture of nutrients to the organisms higher in the food web. Microalgae are considered as a potential source of protein, carbohydrate, fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids, carotenoids, phycobilliproteins, astaxanthin, lutein and antioxidants which provide health benefits such as controlling blood pressure, strengthening immune system, reduction of coronary heart diseases, serves as anticancer agent
DIET OF THE SOUTHERN CARACARA (CARACARA PLANCUS) IN MAR CHIQUITA RESERVE, SOUTHERN ARGENTINA

ABSTRACT We studied the diet of the Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus) at Mar Chiquita Biosphere Reserve, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. We identified 3033 prey items (two invertebrate and five vertebrate classes) corresponding to 116 prey types, from 158 prey remains and 558 pellets collected from five pairs of caracaras. Overall food-niche breadth at the species level was 11.5 (N = 110 species), and the majority of prey items were insects (69.5%), followed by mammals (23.9%) and birds (5%). This pattern was noted in spring and summer; in autumn and winter, mammals dominated the diet sample and insects were recorded less frequently. In all seasons, mammals constituted the majority of prey biomass, followed by birds; insects represented only a small proportion of total prey biomass. Items suspected to be carrion constituted a larger proportion of the diet in winter and included primarily mammals and birds. Diet breadth was highest in winter, and dietary similarity was greater between spring and summer and between autumn and winter. Our results differ from those reported for the diet of Southern Caracaras in northwestern Patagonia probably due to differences in carrion availability between the two regions.
Characterizing Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Etching of Single Crystalline Lithium Tantalate for Micro-Acoustic Applications

In this paper, the etch characteristic of different crystalline planes (X-cut and 42 ˚ Y-cut) of lithium tantalate (LT) is studied by performing inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) with different CF4/Ar gas mixtures and varying RIE powers using sputtered or e-beam evaporated Ni masks. Consequently, the influence of the etch parameters on the etch rate, selectivity, and roughness of the etched patterns was investigated. The best results in terms of sidewall roughness and selectivity are achieved at 28/30 SCCM of Ar/ CF4 with RIE power of 80 W for sputtered Ni mask. These results will be used as a guideline for fabrication of micro-acoustic resonators on LT substrates.
Understanding in-video dropouts and interaction peaks inonline lecture videos

With thousands of learners watching the same online lecture videos, analyzing video watching patterns provides a unique opportunity to understand how students learn with videos. This paper reports a large-scale analysis of in-video dropout and peaks in viewership and student activity, using second-by-second user interaction data from 862 videos in four Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) on edX. We find higher dropout rates in longer videos, re-watching sessions (vs first-time), and tutorials (vs lectures). Peaks in re-watching sessions and play events indicate points of interest and confusion. Results show that tutorials (vs lectures) and re-watching sessions (vs first-time) lead to more frequent and sharper peaks. In attempting to reason why peaks occur by sampling 80 videos, we observe that 61% of the peaks accompany visual transitions in the video, e.g., a slide view to a classroom view. Based on this observation, we identify five student activity patterns that can explain peaks: starting from the beginning of a new material, returning to missed content, following a tutorial step, replaying a brief segment, and repeating a non-visual explanation. Our analysis has design implications for video authoring, editing, and interface design, providing a richer understanding of video learning on MOOCs.
Tests for constituents: What they really reveal about the nature of syntactic structure

Syntax is a central subfield within linguistics and is important for the study of natural languages, since they all have syntax. Theories of syntax can vary drastically, though. They tend to be based on one of two competing principles, on dependency or phrase structure . Surprisingly, the tests for constituents that are widely employed in syntax and linguistics research to demonstrate the manner in which words are grouped together forming higher units of syntactic structure (phrases and clauses) actually support dependency over phrase structure. The tests identify much less sentence structure than phrase structure syntax assumes. The reason this situation is surprising is that phrase structure has been dominant in research on syntax over the past 60 years. This article examines the issue in depth. Dozens of texts were surveyed to determine how tests for constituents are employed and understood. Most of the tests identify phrasal constituents only; they deliver little support for the existence of subphrasal strings as constituents. This situation is consistent with dependency structure, since for dependency, subphrasal strings are not constituents to begin with.
Trajectories of Oral Anticoagulation Adherence Among Medicare Beneficiaries Newly Diagnosed With Atrial Fibrillation

Background Only 50% of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients recommended for oral anticoagulation (OAC) use these medications, and less than half of them adhere to OAC. In a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with AF, we identified groups of patients with similar trajectories of OAC use and adherence, and evaluated patient characteristics affecting group membership. Methods and Results We selected continuously enrolled Medicare Part D beneficiaries with first AF diagnosis in 2014 to 2015 (n=34 898). We calculated the proportion of days covered with OAC over the first 12 months after diagnosis and identified OAC adherence trajectories using group‐based trajectory models. We constructed multinomial logistic regression models to evaluate how demographics, system‐level factors, and clinical characteristics were associated with group membership. We identified 4 trajectories of OAC adherence: patients who never used OAC (43.8%), late OAC initiators (7.6%), early OAC discontinuers (8.9%), and continuously adherent patients (40.1%). Predictors such as sex, black race, residence in the South, or HAS‐BLED score were associated with not only OAC use, but also the timing of initiation and the likelihood of discontinuation. For example, HAS‐BLED score ≥4 was associated with a higher likelihood of not using OAC (odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14–1.62), of late initiation (1.55; 95% CI, 1.11–2.05), and of early discontinuation (odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01–1.84). Conclusions We identified 4 distinct trajectories of OAC adherence after first AF diagnosis, with <45% of newly diagnosed AF patients belonging to the trajectory group characterized by continuous OAC adherence. Trajectories were associated not only with demographic and clinical characteristics but also with regional factors.
The prediction of saleable meat yield in lamb carcasses

A total of 281 lamb carcasses covering three weight groups (18–22.9, 23–25.9 and 26–30 kg) and fatness ( 5 mm) were used to determine the usefulness of several carcass measurements for predicting saleable meat yield. Carcasses were measured for fat and muscle depth, 3–4 cm from the mid-line between the 10th and 11th ribs, 12th and 13th ribs and immediately adjacent to the 13th rib using a Hennessey Grading Probe. This technique also determined total tissue depth at 11 cm from the mid-line between the 10th and 11th and 12th and 13th ribs. The depth of tissues over the 12th rib 11 cm from the mid-line was measured with a ruler. Carcasses were also visually assessed for muscle development (conformation score) on a 5-point scale (1 = thinly fleshed; 5 = thickly fleshed). All carcasses were fabricated into primal cuts which were trimmed to 5 mm of fat and deboned to provide an estimate of saleable meat yield. Ewe lamb carcasses had a higher proportion of kidney fat than wethers in all weigh.
A customized belonging intervention improves retention of socially disadvantaged students at a broad-access university

Bolstering belonging at a broad-access university improves persistence. Broad-access institutions play a democratizing role in American society, opening doors to many who might not otherwise pursue college. Yet these institutions struggle with persistence and completion. Do feelings of nonbelonging play a role, particularly for students from groups historically disadvantaged in higher education? Is belonging relevant to students’ persistence—even when they form the numerical majority, as at many broad-access institutions? We evaluated a randomized intervention aimed at bolstering first-year students’ sense of belonging at a broad-access university (N = 1,063). The intervention increased the likelihood that racial-ethnic minority and first-generation students maintained continuous enrollment over the next two academic years relative to multiple control groups. This two-year gain in persistence was mediated by greater feelings of social and academic fit one-year post-intervention. Results suggest that efforts to address belonging concerns at broad-access, majority-minority institutions can improve core academic outcomes for historically disadvantaged students at institutions designed to increase college accessibility.
Effect of Yoga Practices on Total Cholesterol Triglycerides and Uric Acid among Women Diabetic Patients

The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of yoga practices on total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid among women diabetic patients. For this purpose, thirty women diabetic patients (type – I) around Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu in the age group of 35 – 40 years were selected. They were divided into two equal groups, each group consisted of fifteen subjects, in which group – I underwent yoga practices and group – II acted as control that did not participate in any special activities apart from their regular day-to-day activities. The training period for this study was six days in a week for twelve weeks. Prior to and after the training period the subjects were tested on total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid were tested after taking 10 ml (5 ml separately for uric acid test) of blood samples by venous puncture method, by using Boehringer Manheimm Kit Method. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out any significant difference between the pre- and post-test means and any significant difference that was exists between the yoga practice group and control group on selected criterion variables. The result of the study shows the yoga practice has decreased the total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid significantly (P > .05). It was concluded from the results of the study that yoga practice has bring positive changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid and it was due to the performance of various asana postures.
Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen under long-term cotton plantations in China

SUMMARY Cotton is the dominant crop in the northern Xinjiang oasis of China; it accounts for 0·78 of the total planting area and represents a major contribution to economic development. The objective of the present study is to determine how cotton plantation age affected chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The time substitution method was used on plantation farmlands, reclaimed from uncultivated land 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years ago. A total of 250 soil samples, at depths of 0–200, 200–400, 400–600, 600–800 and 800–1000 mm, were collected from cotton fields in 10 farms of each age category. There were significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN), soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN). There were also differences in the activities of cellulase, invertase and urease between soil layers and plantation ages, and these were most evident in the 200–400 mm layer. The cumulative rates of SOC and SMBC in the 0–1000 mm soil layer at the 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year sites were 0·89, 0·99, 1·01 and 0·92 mg/kg/yr and 16, 16, 16 and 15 mg/kg/yr, respectively, compared to that at the control site (0 year). The cumulative amounts of SOC and SMBC increased gradually and then decreased, reaching a maximum at plantation ages of 13·1 years and 11·1 years, respectively. This suggests that incorporation of post-harvest cotton residues could be used as an effective measure to improve SOC in farmland of Xinjiang Oasis, and may be recommended for adoption in cotton growing in semi-arid oasis agriculture.
Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion from rat astrocytes by Sesim-Tang.

Substance P (SP) can stimulate secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we have examined whether an aqueous extract of Sesim-Tang inhibits the secretion of TNF-alpha from primary cultures of rat astrocytes. Sesim-Tang (10-1000 microg/mL) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha secretion by astrocytes stimulated with LPS and SP. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to elevate TNF-alpha secretion from LPS-stimulated astrocytes while having no effect on astrocytes in the absence of LPS. We therefore examined whether IL-1 mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha secretion from primary astrocytes by Sesim-Tang. Treatment with Sesim-Tang (10-1000 microg/mL) of astrocytes stimulated with both LPS and SP decreased IL-1 secretion significantly. Moreover, the secretion of TNF-alpha by LPS and SP in astrocytes was progressively inhibited with increasing amounts of IL-1 neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that Sesim-Tang may inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by inhibiting IL-1 secretion and that Sesim-Tang has an antiinflammatory activity in the central nervous system.
The survey of arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai Lake and its influence to the Yangzong River, the water source, the drinking water and local food in Yangzong Town of Yunnan Province

Objective To understand status of arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai Lake and its influence to the Yangzong River,the drinking water source and local food and to provide a scientific basis for arsenic pollution control and drinking water and food safety.Methods From 2008 to 2010,the methods of silver diethyl dithiocarbamate spectrophotometric and silver salt spectrophotometry were used to monitor arsenic level in Yangzonghai Lake water,spring water,river water,water source,drinking water and locally produced food,respectively.Results From 2008 to 2010,the average arsenic concentrations of Yangzonghai Lake were 0.12,0.10,0.03 mg/L,and the No.3 spring water were 23.92,2.41,0.35 mg/L,down 16.67％ and 89.92％ over the previous year from 2009 to 2008,and 70.00％,75.00％ and 85.48％,98.54％ over the previous year from 2010 to 2009 and 2010 to 2008,respectively,and showed a downward trend year by year.A spring water about 100 m south of the Big Dipper pumping station into the Yangzonghai Lake and the Yangzong River was not contaminated by arsenic.In Yangzong Town,the arsenic concentration of 268 drinking water samples met "Drinking Water Health Standards" (GB 5749-2006,＜ 0.05 mg/L). Among 78 samples monitored of the locally produced food in Yangzong Town,77 passed,with a passing rate of 98.72％. Conclusions Arsenic contamination of the Yangzonghai Lake has been effectively controlled.Arsenic pollution does not have a greater influence on drinking water and food safety in Yangzong Town,and arsenic in sediments or bottom mud remains uncertain in the Yangzonghai Lake.More measures and integrated management should be taken to strengthen the monitoring of arsenic pollution in the Yangzonghai Lake. Key words: Arsenic; Drinking; Food; Data collection
Features of Photosynthesis in Haloxylon species of Chenopodiaceae that are Dominant Plants in Central Asian Deserts

Vladimir I. Pyankov, Clanton C. Black Jr., Elena G. Artyusheva, Elena V. Voznesenskaya, Maurice S.B. Ku and Gerald E. Edwards 1 Department of Plant Physiology, Urals State University, Lenin Avenue 51, 620083 Ekaterinburg, Russia 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A. 3 Morphology and Anatomy Department, Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Prof. Popov Street 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 4 Botany Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4238, U.S.A.
NICHE SEPARATION OF TWO DAMSELFISH SPECIES BY AGGRESSION AND DIFFERENTIAL MICROHABITAT UTILIZATION

Two herbivorous, interspecifically territorial West Indian damselfishes, the beaugregory (Eupomacentrus leucostictus) and the three-spot damselfish (E. planifrons), both inhabit the back-reef area of coral reefs in a narrow depth band. A survey of coral heads in this habitat revealed that beaugregories utilize all types of heads, while three-spots are found only on branching or creviced heads with relatively complex internal structure. Translocations of individual fish and heterospecific pairs were performed to determine whether this differential microhabitat utilization is the result of differences in microhabitat preference between the two species, or aggressive interactions between them, or both. As indicated by duration of residence of translocated fish on experimental heads, three- spot damselfishes showed significant preference for heads with complex internal structure, while beaugregories showed no preference. In translocations of heterospecific pairs, three-spots won aggres- sive contests more often on internally complex heads, and beaugregories won more often on heads without internal structure, than would be expected on a random basis. Since this difference fell just short of significance (P = .053), translocations of heterospecific pairs were also done in aquaria with artificial heads. In these more controlled conditions, the preponderance of wins by three-spots on complex heads and beaugregories on simple heads reappeared as a significant difference, with occasional co-occupation of the complex head by both species. The observed differences in microhabitat utilization are thus due both to different preferences and aggressive interaction. It is probable that the aggressive interactions, a form of interference competition, are responsible for the evolution of the different habitat preferences. However, for both the three-spot damselfish and the beaugregory, it has been shown that a principal function of aggressive interspecific territoriality is the protection of food resources from exploitation competition.
Variability of Starch and Sugar Contents in Grains of Sorghum Forages and its Correlation with Tannin and Mineral Matter Content

Ninteen promising strains of fodder sorghum were selected for the present study. The starch content in the seed varied from 42.68 to 68.31%, total sugars from 3.13 to 7.81%, mineral matter from 1.12 to 4.09%. The amylose content was approximately in the range of 12 — 13% and amylose : amylopectin ratio was 1:4 to 1:10. The tannin content ranged from 0.23 to 3.73 mg/g of seed and it was high in non sweet varieties and low in sweet varieties. There was not much difference in the sugar content of sweet and non sweet varieties. The protein content of the seed varied from 8.31 to 14.41%. Starch content of seed was significantly negatively correlated with tannin and mineral matter content of the seed (−0.595 and −0.491) but tannin content was positively correlated with mineral matter content and was significant ( + 0.581). A genetic manipulation of breeding material can bring about high amylose and protein varieties
Phytoplankton composition of the Ebro River estuary, Spain

The composition of phytoplankton in the Ebro River estuary (Spain) was analyzed at six sampling stations in April, July and October 1999 and February 2000, based on plankton net and bottle samples. A total of 304 taxa belonging to 13 classes were identified. Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae were the most important groups. The diatom genera Nitzschia and Navicula provided most species (25 and 17, respectively). Thalassiosira duostra is recorded for the first time for this ecosystem. We propose the following new combinations: Monactinus simplex (Meyen) Corda var. echinulatum (Wittrock) comb. nov. and Monactinus simplex (Meyen) Corda var. sturmii (Reinsch) comb. nov.
Tree regeneration in a New Zealand rain forest influenced by disturbance and drainage interactions

Abstract Question: Does canopy tree regeneration response to different large disturbances vary with soil drainage? Location: Old-growth conifer (Dacrydium and Dacrycarpus), angiosperm (Nothofagus and Weinmannia) rain forest, Mount Harata, South Island, New Zealand. Methods: Trees were aged (1056 cores) to reconstruct stand history in 20 (0.12 - 0.2 ha) plots with different underlying drainage. Spatial analyses of an additional 805 tree ages collected from two (0.3 – 0.7 ha) plots were conducted to detect patchiness for five canopy tree species. Microsite preferences for trees and saplings were determined. Results: There were clear differences in species regeneration patterns on soils with different drainage. Conifer recruitment occurred infrequently in even-aged patches (> 1000 m2) and only on poorly drained soils. Periodic Nothofagus fusca and N. menziesii recruitment occurred more frequently in different sized canopy openings on all soils. Weinmannia recruitment was more continuous on all soils reflecting their greater relative shade-tolerance. Distinct periods of recruitment that occurred in the last 400 years matched known large disturbances in the region. These events affected species differently as soil drainage varied. Following earthquakes, both conifers and N. menziesii regenerated on poorly drained soils, while Nothofagus species and Weinmannia regenerated on well-drained soils. However, Dacrydium failed to regenerate after patchy storm damage in the wetter forest interior; instead faster-growing N. fusca captured elevated microsites caused by uprooting. Conclusions: Underlying drainage influenced species composition, while variation in the impacts of large disturbance regulated relative species abundances on different soils.
GENECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF LEAD TOLERANCE IN GROUNDSEL (SENECIO VULGARIS L.)

SUMMARY Soils from a range of native British habitats for Senecio vulgaris L. have been found to contain significantly different amounts of lead ranging from several hundred parts per million along roadsides and on rubbish dumps to minute quantities in coastal sandy soils. Root growth of seedlings in simple water culture revealed different degrees of tolerance between topodemes to soluble lead, apparently related to the lead content of the soil. Studies of root growth in a range of native soils suggest a more complex relationship between growth and lead content. The genecological implications of these findings are discussed, including the possibility that lead-tolerant roadside variants may be of recent origin.