Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing generic models for interplanetary shocks and magnetic clouds axis configurations at 1 AU

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are the manifestation of solar transient eruptions, which can significantly modify the plasma and magnetic conditions in the heliosphere. They are often preceded by a shock, and a magnetic flux rope is detected in situ in a third to half of them. The main aim of this study is to obtain the best quantitative shape for the flux rope axis and for the shock surface from in situ data obtained during spacecraft crossings of these structures. We first compare the orientation of the flux rope axes and shock normals obtained from independent data analyses of the same events, observed in situ at 1 AU from the Sun. Then we carry out an original statistical analysis of axes/shock normals by deriving the statistical distributions of their orientations. We fit the observed distributions using the distributions derived from several synthetic models describing these shapes. We show that the distributions of axis/shock orientations are very sensitive to their respective shape. One classical model, used to analyze interplanetary imager data, is incompatible with the in situ data. Two other models are introduced, for which the results for axis and shock normals lead to very similar shapes; the fact that the data for MCs and shocks are independent strengthens this result. The model which best fits all the data sets has an ellipsoidal shape with similar aspect ratio values for all the data sets. These derived shapes for the flux rope axis and shock surface have several potential applications. First, these shapes can be used to construct a consistent ICME model. Second, these generic shapes can be used to develop a quantitative model to analyze imager data, as well as constraining the output of numerical simulations of ICMEs. Finally, they will have implications for space weather forecasting, in particular, for forecasting the time arrival of ICMEs at the Earth.
Clonetracker

Code clones are generally considered to be an obstacle to software maintenance. Research has provided evidence that it may not always be practical, feasible, or cost-effective to eliminate certain clone groups through refactoring. This paper describes CloneTracker, an Eclipse plug-in that provides support for tracking code clones in evolving software. With CloneTracker, developers can specify clone groups they wish to track, and the tool will automatically generate a clone model that is robust to changes to the source code, and can be shared with other collaborators of the project. When future modifications intersect with tracked clones, CloneTracker will notify the developer, provide support to consistently apply changes to a corresponding clone region, and provide support for updating the clone model. CloneTracker complements existing techniques by providing support for reusing knowledge about the location of clones in source code, and support for keeping track of clones when refactoring is not desirable.
Coordinated Beamforming for Multiuser MIMO Systems with Limited Feedforward

Jointly optimized linear transmit beamforming and receive combining is a low complexity approach for communication in the multiuser MIMO (multiple input multiple output) broadcast channel. This paper proposes an iterative algorithm for jointly designing the beamforming and combining vectors, which enforces a zero interference requirement after combining. Since the optimization is performed at the base station with channel state information for all the users, the receive beamformers are quantized at the base station and sent to the users via a low- rate feedforward control channel. Rate bounds are provided to estimate the impact of quantization loss on the achievable rate in Rayleigh channels is performed. Simulations show that the proposed approach using Grassmannian codebooks approaches the sum capacity of the MIMO broadcast channel.
Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in Red Cedar (Cedrela odorata) wood seedling grown in dumpsite soil

: Recent technological advancements in industrialization and urbanization process have led to release of toxic contaminants like heavy metals in the environment. This study assessed the ability of Cedrela odorata to accumulate and distribute heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Co in their roots and shoots planted in dumpsite soil by determining the distribution factors and enrichment coefficients between soils and plant parts. Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) before planting were Cu (48.01-356.71), Pb (28.42-26.48), Zn (39.99- 437.88), Cd (0.69-9.59) and Co (16.88-29.22) while their concentrations after planting were Cu (8.12-226.56), Pb (11.22-227.41), Zn (7.66-321.51), Cd (0.31-4.78) and Co (3.21-14.11). Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in roots were Cu (9.93-20.11), Pb (7.26-15.21), Zn (9.05-22.35), Cd (0.11-0.99) and Co (4.56-6.11) and their concentration shoots of the plant were Cu (18.01-35.22), Pb (9.01-17.51), Zn (18.66-37.86), Cd (0.15-1.32) and Co (6.45-8.01). Enrichment coefficients and distribution factors were 0.1-1.21 and 1.29- 2.08 respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in dumpsite soil were found to be greater than control soil.The reductionobserved in concentrations of heavy metals in soils after planting indicated their enrichment in the plant tissues. Values of enrichment coefficients and distribution factors indicated the potential of Cedrela odorata as phytoextractor plant. This study has further proven the efficacy and ability of Cedrela odorata to accumulate and distribute heavy metals in its tissue parts. Thus Cedrela odorata seedlings can be used to clean or rehabilitate soils that are contaminated with the studied heavy metals. Keywords : Heavy metal uptake, Cedrela odorata, Dumpsite, Enrichment Coefficients, Distribution Factors.
Editorial

Retrieval evaluations have shown that simple text-based retrieval methods scale up well but do not progress. Traditional retrieval has reached a high level in terms of measures like precision and recall, but scientists and scholars still face challenges present since the early days of digital libraries: mismatches between search terms and indexing terms, overload from result sets that are too large and complex, and the drawbacks of text-based relevance rankings. Such analyses have revealed not only the fundamental laws of Bradford and Lotka, but also network structures and dynamic mechanisms in scientific production. Statistical models of scholarly activities are increasingly used to evaluate specialties, to forecast and discover research trends, and to shape science policy. Their use as tools in navigating scientific information in public digital libraries is a promising but still relatively new development. We will explore how statistical modelling of scholarship can improve retrieval services for specific communities, as well as for large, cross-domain collections. Some of these techniques are already used in working systems but not well integrated in larger scholarly IR environments. The availability of new IR test collections that contain citation and bibliographic information like the iSearch collection 2 could deliver enough ground to interest
Continuum variational contribution in excitation cross sections of atomic hydrogen within pseudo-state method

We use Schwinger variational principle to evaluate excitation cross section of atomic hydrogen by proton impact at energy range between 2keV and 200keV. Contribution of the continuum near ionization threshold was introduced in a model with zero angular mo mentum using L 2 method developed by Yamani and Reinhardt in 1974-1975. Our results were compared with those of Bouamoud (1988-1989) using 1s, 2s and 2p state of hydrogen atom.
How Does Opportunistic Behavior Influence Firm Size

This paper relates firm size and opportunism by showing that, given certain behavioral dispositions of humans, the size of a profit-maximizing firm can be determined by cognitive aspects underlying firm-internal cultural transmission processes. We argue that what firms do better than markets â€“ besides economizing on transaction costs â€“ is to establish a cooperative regime among its employees that keeps in check opportunism. A model depicts the outstanding role of the entrepreneur or business leader in firm-internal socialization processes and the evolution of corporate cultures. We show that high opportunism-related costs are a reason for keeping firms' size small.
A Sub-Pixel Convolution-Based Residual Network for Hyperspectral Image Change Detection

The very high spectral resolution in hyperspectral images (HSIs) presents an opportunity to detect subtle land-cover changes. However, availability of HSIs acquired from different platforms requires the development of change detection (CD) methods for HSIs capable to process images with different spatial resolutions. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end sub-pixel convolution-based residual network (SPCNet) to detect changes between high resolution (HR) and low resolution (LR) HSIs. First, an efficient sub-pixel convolution layer is introduced to upscale the LR feature maps into the HR one. Then, the super resolution (SR) block is designed to generate more discriminative representations in sub-pixel-based LR images. Moreover, the sub-pixel-based feature of LR image and pixel-based feature of HR image are concatenated as an input to the designed ResNet for HSI CD. Experimental results on two HSI datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SPCNet.
Electromigration of Pb-free solder flip chip using electroless Ni-P/Au UBM

In this study, electromigration behaviors of Sn3.0Ag0. 5Cu solder flip chip using electoless Ni-P UBM were investigated. In anode solder joint, UBM was completely depleted and crack was observed. In the top view of consumed UBM, we could observe several holes on Ni-Sn IMC backfilled by Sn. Anode solder joint was disconnected by the large cavity under this consumed UBM. In the in-situ observation, UBM was preserved its own shape in spite of crack propagation. And resistance was started to increase with fluctuation after crack propagation was ended. To understand the electromigraition behaviors, effect of applied current level and temperature on time to failure was investigated. Calculated activation energy for Black's equation from experimental data was low because of the difference of failure criteria. As a method for enhancing the resistibility to the electromigration failure, effect of UBM thickness was investigated. As results, time to failure of solder joint with 10 mum UBM increased about 5 times than that of solder joint with 5 mum UBM. And UBM consumption rate was reduced due to the low current density at interface in the solder joint with thicker UBM.
On the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics: Wave-Particle Non-Duality and the Nature of Physical Reality

The Schr\"odinger's wave function can naturally be realized as an 'instantaneous resonant spatial mode' in which quantum particle moves and hence the Born's rule is derived after identifying its origin. This realization facilitates the visualization of `what's really going on? ' in the Young's double-slit experiment which is known to be the central mystery of quantum mechanics. Also, an actual mechanism underlying the `spooky-action-at-a-distance', another mystery regarding the entangled quantum particles, is revealed. Wheeler's delayed choice experiments, delayed choice quantum eraser experiment and delayed choice entanglement swapping experiments are unambiguously and naturally explained at a single quantum level. The reality of Nature represented by the quantum mechanical formalism is conceptually intuitive and is independent of the measurement problem.
Decision to undertake Abroad Emigration among Cameroonians

Literature clearly shows that one of the relevant phenomena of this XXI century is the great mobility of people all over the word. Indeed, this century is particularly characterized by increasing international migration. The phenomenon has gone global as to become one of the major challenging fact by the planet. Migration is even seen as one of the main challenges of this third millennium. Cameroon, a Central African developing country, is not an exception to this phenomenon. In fact, migration flows have become intensive in recent years. The country is even known as a "country of immigration", a "country of emigration", and a "country of transit". The report of the 3 Cameroon Household Survey (ECAM 3, 2007) and the one of the Survey on Employment and Informal Sector (EESI, 2005) suggest that, since the end of 2001, more than one out of each four households has had at least a migrant among its members (INS, 2008). To help a better orientation of migration policies and programs in Cameroon, this study aims at investigating the determinant factors in the decision to migrate. Based on data from ECAM 3 (2007), the study focuses on emigration in order to identify explanatory factors deciding it. It made the analysis of the profiles of the migrants through a factorial investigation as well as an explanatory one, using the logistic regression method. The findings suggested that the age of the migrant, the region of residence of the migrant, the household living standards, the migrant's level of education and the gender of the household head are, by descending order, the main factors that decide to migrate. The most important of the recommendations made at the end of this study consists on encouraging the socio-professional absorption of unemployed people, by increasing the support to employment programs among unemployed people, like the PAJER-U (Support Program for Rural and Urban Youth).
STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELENIUM AND HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS UNDER HEAT STRESS FOR LOCAL SINAI CHICKENS STRAIN

The main objective of this study was aimed to investigate the effects of different ambient temperature {normal temperature (NT) and heat stress (HS) conditions} and dietary supplementation of different selenium (Se) source (inorganic , organic and Nano Se) on some productive performance and physiological parameters for Sinai chickens during growth period and A total of 198, 8-wks-old of Sinai chickens were used and randomly distributed into two experimental groups (NT& HS), and then each group was divided into three sub-groups (inorganic , organic and Nano Se) in a factorial design (2x3). Chickens fed diet naturally contaminated with Aflatoxin (AFB1),7.50 μg/kg DM. The results indicated that heat stress resulted in a significant decrease in body weight and gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Lymphocytes (L) cells (%), plasma total protein and albumin were significantly decreased for chickens reared under heat stress, however, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, white blood cells count, eosinophils cells (%), monocytes cells (%),globulin, calcium and phosphorus were not significantly affected. Moreover, a significant increases were recorded for red blood cells (RBC) count, heterophils (H) cells (%) , H / L ratio, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and heat shock protein 70 for Sinai chickens reared under heat stress than those reared in thermo neutral during all the experimental periods. Supplementing different selenium sources to the diet had no significant effect on body weight and gain, rectal temperature and respiratory rate, albumin, calcium, phosphor and heat shock protein 70 for Sinai chickens than those fed the control diet. Moreover, feed intake, plasma H (%), and H / L were significantly decreased as a result of supplementing Nano selenium to the diet during the periods of 12-16 and 8-16 wks of age than the control. While, feed conversion was significantly improved by supplementing different sources of Se to Sinai chickens diet than the control. Significant increases were recorded in RBC count, Hb concentration and L cells (%), total protein, globulin and total antioxidant capacity for Sinai chickens fed diet supplemented with Se as compared with those fed the control diet. These results indicated that heat stress severely reduced productive and physiological performance for Sinai chickens, whereas the productive and physiological performance was improved by dietary Se sources supplementation under heat stress.
Validation of Molecular Markers for Tagging the Combined Resistance for Bacterial Wilt and Tomato Leaf Curl Virus Diseases in Tomato

Molecular markers have been used for identification and mapping of genes and QTLs for numerous agriculturally important traits in tomato including resistance / tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and fruit and flower-related characteristics. Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) disease caused by begomovirus and the bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum are rated as the most serious production constraints in tomato. Though the breeding for disease resistance is an important objective in tomato improvement, the extent to which markers have been utilized in such programs has not been clearly determined. The utility of molecular markers for use in tomato breeding programs is limited as most of the markers reported are not validated across tomato genotypes or are not polymorphic within tomato breeding populations. In this study, the validity of available markers specific for bacterial wilt and ToLCV resistance traits in tomato was examined by testing them with an F 3 population produced by crossing two resistant genotypes - Sakthi (BW resistant) and IIHR 2196 (ToLCV resistant). Most of the primers needed PCR optimization for successful amplification and some were not informative in the genotypes studied. Out of the eight markers examined, two were specific for resistance to bacterial wilt (TSCAR AAG/CAT ) and ToLCV (Ualty 16). Most of the available markers need to be further refined or examined for trait association and presence of polymorphism in the breeding lines and populations. However, with recent advances in tomato genome sequencing, it has become increasingly possible to develop more informative markers to accelerate the use of MAS and tagging the genes of interest in tomato breeding.
Artin Conjecture for p-adic Galois Representations of Function Fields

For a global function field K of positive characteristic p, we show that Artin conjecture for L-functions of geometric p-adic Galois representations of K is true in a non-trivial p-adic disk but is false in the full p-adic plane. In particular, we prove the non-rationality of the geometric unit root L-functions.
Recent Advances on Renewable and Biodegradable Cellulose Nanopaper Substrates for Transparent Light-Harvesting Devices: Interaction with Humid Environment

Cellulose nanopaper (CNP) has attracted much interest during the last decade as a new fascinating renewable and biodegradable substrate for printed electronics and solar cells. Its outstanding optical and mechanical properties make CNP the ideal substrate for the preparation of photovoltaic devices, since its high transparency and haze favour the absorption of light from the active layer of the solar cell. However, some advances need to be done in the direction of increasing CNP stability in humid environment without compromising its remarkable advantages. This review critically points at these aspects, presenting an overview of state-of-art solutions to enhance nanopaper stability in a humid environment.
SERGII IAROVYI SEMANTIC MODELLING FOR DYNAMIC SYSTEM RECOGNITION IN NON-INTRUSIVE INDUSTRIAL MONITORING SYSTEMS

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s Degree Programme in Machine Automation IAROVYI, SERGII: Semantic modelling for dynamic system recognition in nonintrusive industrial monitoring systems Master of Science Thesis, 62 pages, 12 Appendix pages March 2014 Major: Factory Automation Examiner: Prof. José Luis Martínez Lastra Supervisor: Prof. José Luis Martínez Lastra, Jorge Garcia Izaguirre Montemayor
Domaines formels et représentations dans la composition et l'analyse des musiques électroacoustiques: systèmes dynamiques dans la création musicale assistée par ordinateur. (Formal domains and representations in the composition and analysis of electroacoustic music: dynamical systems in computer ass

Un ensemble de theories et d'approches techniques permettant la caracterisation du processus de creation musicale assistee par ordinateur sont exposes. Des theories et techniques exterieures au domaine de l'informatique musicale sont appliquees sur les nombreux problemes poses par une musicologie de la musique electroacoustique et son ontologie de creation. Il est propose une deconstruction critique des methodes et outils utilises pour caracteriser la creation musicale et un nouvel outil conceptuel est expose et formalise. La notion d'objet, permettant une lecture multiscalaire du processus de creation, est decrite et une adaptation de l'ensemble de l'outillage electroacoustique traditionnel est rendu necessaire par l'objet considere comme seme multiscalaire. Un prototype de systeme compositionnel fournit un premier element concret de reponse quant a la maniere de presenter cette complexite.
Internet access and investment incentives for broadband service providers

This paper studies a model of the Internet broadband market as a platform in order to show how di¤erent pricing schemes from the so-called "net neutrality " can increase economic e¢ ciency by allowing more investment of access providers and enhancing consumers surplus and social welfare. We show that departing from the "net neutrality", where at rates are used, introducing termination fees can increase incentives to invest for the ISP and enhance social surplus. Keywords : Network neutrality, Flat rates, Termination fees.
Researchers’ Perspectives on Supply Chain Risk Management

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is a nascent area emerging from a growing appreciation for supply chain risk by practitioners and by researchers. However, there is diverse perception of research in supply chain risk because these researchers have approached this area from different domains. This paper presents our study of this diversity from the perspectives of operations and supply chain management scholars: First, we reviewed the researchers’ output, i.e., the recent research literature. Next, we surveyed two focused groups (members of Supply Chain Thought Leaders and International Supply Chain Risk Management groups) with open-ended questions. Finally, we surveyed operations and supply chain management researchers during the 2009 INFORMS meeting in San Diego. Our findings characterize the diversity in terms of three “gaps”: a definition gap in how researchers define SCRM, a process gap in terms of inadequate coverage of response to risk incidents, and a methodology gap in terms of inadequate use of empirical methods. We also list ways to close these gaps as suggested by the researchers.