Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CRESCIMENTO E ACUMULAÇÃO DE SOLUTOS EM FEIJÃO-DE-CORDA IRRIGADO COM ÁGUAS DE SALINIDADE CRESCENTE EM DIFERENTES FASES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO

1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da aplicacao de agua (CEa = 0,5 dS m -1 ) e/ou solucao salina (CEa = 5,0 dS m -1 ), alternadamente, nas duas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento do feijao de corda cv. Epace 10. O experimento foi realizado, em condicoes de ambiente protegido (telado), na Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical. As sementes foram colocadas em vasos com capacidade para 15 L dispostos em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. As plantas foram submetidas aos tratamentos: 1. irrigacao com agua ate o final da fase II; 2. irrigacao com solucao salina ate o final da fase II, 3. irrigacao com agua ate o final da fase I e solucao salina ate o final da fase II e 4. Irrigacao com solucao salina ate o final da fase I e agua ate o final da fase II, momento em que os dados foram coletados. O crescimento nao foi afetado pela aplicacao de solucao salina, independente da fase aplicada. Nos solutos compativeis verificou-se reducao nos teores de proteinas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE : Vigna unguiculata L. estresse salino, crescimento CALVET, A. S. F. ; PINTO, C. de M. ; LIMA, R. E. M. ; MAIA-JOCA, R. P. M. ; BEZERRA, M. A. GROWTH AND SOLUTE ACCUMULATION IN COWPEA IRRIGATED WITH WATERS RISING SALINITY IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to study the effects of application of water (CEw=0,5 dS m -1 ) and saline solution (CEw = 5,0 dS m -1 ) on the two initial stages of cowpea (cv. Epace 10) development. The experiment was performed in greenhouse environmental conditions at EMBRAPA Agroindustria Tropical. The seeds were placed in vessels with 15 L capacity and arranged in randomized blocks design with four treatments and four replications. The plants were subjected to treatments: 1. Irrigation with water until the end of phase II; 2. Irrigation with saline solution until the end of phase II; 3. Irrigation with water until the end of phase I and saline solution until the end of phase II; 4. Irrigation with saline solution until the end of Phase I and water until the end of phase II. The plant growth was not affected by application of saline solution, regardless the applied phase. In the compatible solutes it was found a decrease in protein levels. KEYWORDS : Vigna unguiculata L. saline stress, growth
Relationships between parameters of meat performance in Czech Pied bulls and their crossbreds with beef breeds Vztahy mezi ukazateli masné užitkovosti u býků českého strakatého skotu a jeho kříženců s masnými plemeny

Meat performance parameters were studied in 119 bulls - F 1 crossbreds of Czech Pied and Black Pied cattle with beef sires - Aberdeen Angus (AA), Limousine (LI), Blonde d'Aquitaine (BA), and Charolais (CH). Czech Pied bulls (n = 51) were used as a control group. Bulls were reared and fattened under comparable conditions at a fattening performance testing station. High correlations (***) were found between 500-day live weight and dressed carcass weight (DCW), net gain (NG), total meat weight, grade I meat weight, grade II meat weight, and bone weight in all groups. As for dressing percentage, positive correlations were found only in LI group (r xy = 0.336*) and C group (r xy = 0.292*). e effect of slaughter weight on MLLT ( musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis) was evident only in AA group and in CH group (r xy = 0.482* , r xy = 0.490*, resp.). Correlations between 500-day live weight and kidney fat and 500-day live weight and separable fat were highly positive (***) excluding AA group (r xy = 0.447*, r xy = 0.675**, resp.). As for the growth rate in the pre-fattening period (150-500 days of age), high correlations (from * to ***) characterized all observed parameters excluding dressing percentage (r xy = 0.239 up to r xy = 0.253). In MLLT, a positive correlation was determined only in CH group (r xy = 0.353*). High correlations (***) were found between net gain, dressed carcass weight and observed parameters of carcass value (excluding MLLT) in all groups. Correlations between net gain and MLLT were found in crossbreds sired by AA (r xy = 0.648**), CH (r xy = 0.559***) and C bulls (r xy = 0.315*). Effects of DCW on MLLT were evident in the same groups ( r xy = 0.566*, r xy = 0.549***, r xy = 0.307*, resp.). As for protein content, significant positive effects on kidney fat were established only in LI, BA, and C groups (r xy = 0.569***, r xy = 0.687***, r xy = 0.394**, resp.) and the same effects on separable fat were found in LI and C groups (r xy = 0.421**, r xy = 0.365**, resp.). In BA group, protein content affected 150-day live weight ( r xy = 0.510*), 500-day live weight (r xy = 0.567*), and total meat weight (r xy = 0.499*). As for fat content, it had positive effects on 500-day live weight ( r xy = 0.335*) in LI group, daily gains in the pre- fattening period (r xy = 0.523*) in AA group, kidney fat in LI and C groups (r xy = 0.531*** and r xy = 0.319*, resp.) and separable fat in AA, LI, and C groups (r xy = 0.566*, r xy = 0.364* and r xy = 0.387*, resp.).
The Labor of Fun: Understanding the Social Relationships between Gamers and Paid Gaming Teammates in China

Online video games support the development of social relationships through gameplay, however, gamers often cannot cultivate and maintain relationships based on social factors such as personality when using in-game matchmaking services. To address this, teammate matching sites external to games have emerged and enable gamers to offer to play games with others in exchange for payment. The affordances of these services are different from other existing gamer social sites, e.g., live streaming. Interviews were conducted with 16 dedicated users on Bixin, one of China’s largest paid teammate matching sites, to examine user motivations, practices, and perceptions. The interviews found that gamers selected paid teammates on Bixin using different criteria compared to in-game matchmaking services and emphasized the importance of real-life characteristics such as voice. To maintain connections, paid teammates often also extended communication to external communication services such as WeChat. Although most gamers expected to communicate with paid teammates as if they were friends, very few reported building real friendships with their matched counterparts.
Morphology Development via Reaction-Induced Phase Separation in Flexible Polyurethane Foam

Morphology development during reaction-induced phase separation in flexible polyurethane (PU) foam has been studied by time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering. Two different PU foaming systems, based on industrial formulations, have been studied. The scattering data have been analyzed using the Cahn−Hilliard model and fit to a Teubner−Strey microemulsion structure factor to extract morphological characteristics. Microphase separation was observed to follow spinodal decomposition kinetics; a bicontinuous morphology developed and was subsequently preserved by vitrification of the urea domains. The data analysis demonstrated that the amphiphilicity factor increases as the reactions proceed, due to the continuous formation of block copolymer poly(ether−urea).
Optimization of energy levels by molecular design: evaluation of bis-diketopyrrolopyrrole molecular donor materials for bulk heterojunction solar cells

We report a series of solution-processable, small-molecule, donor materials based on an architecture consisting of two diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) cores with different aromatic π-bridges between the DPP units and different end-capping groups. In general, this architecture leads to desirable light absorption and electronic levels for donor materials. Out of the compounds investigated, a material with a hydrolyzed dithieno(3,2-b;2′,3′-d)silole (SDT) core and 2-benzofuran (BFu) end capping groups leads to the most favorable properties for solar cells, capable of generating photocurrent up to 800 nm while producing an open-circuit voltage of over 850 mV, indicating a small loss in electrical potential compared to other bulk heterojunction systems. Device properties can be greatly improved through the use of solvent additives such as 2-chloronaphthalene and initial attempts to optimize device fabrication have resulted in power conversion efficiencies upwards of 4%.
Water resources management to satisfy high water demand in the arid Sharm El Sheikh, the Red Sea, Egypt

Sharm El Sheikh (Sharm) in South Sinai, Egypt, is situated in an area of extreme aridity (annual rainfall between 20–50 mm/y). It has been undergoing rapid development and attracts about one million tourists annually which results in an ever-increasing demand for water. The main source of water is desalinated seawater produced by two government-owned reverse osmosis (RO) plants, two centralised privately-owned RO plants and by about 50 decentralised small RO plants in hotels. The government-owned RO plants sell water to the local residents at a very low subsidized price while the two centralised private RO plants (owned by two different companies) charge commercial rates and raise prices considerably in the summer periods of high water demand. For all the plants, there are concerns over high energy consumption and the impact of brine discharge on the environment. Other sources of water in Sharm include tankers and pipes delivering groundwater from Al Tor (100 km distance) and treated domestic wastewater f.
Elimination stabilized alkyls. Part II. Neopentyl and related alkyls of chromium(IV)

Binary chromium(IV) alkyls, CrR4, R = CH2CMe3, CH2CMe2Ph, CH2CPh3, and CH3, have been prepared and characterised by electronic, i.r. and e.s. r. spectroscopy. The electronic and magnetic properties of tetrahedral chromium(IV) compounds are discussed.
Highly Branched and Hyperbranched Glycopolymers via Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization and Click Chemistry

We report a new strategy to synthesize densely functionalized highly and hyperbranched glycopolymers. Our methodology combines living radical polymerization and click chemistry. Hyperbranched “clickable” scaffolds synthesized via RAFT polymerization are functionalized with carbohydrate groups using an array of “click” chemistry reactions, namely Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition of azides and alkynes (CuAAC), thiol−ene addition, and thiol−yne addition. This simple and flexible method yields glycopolymers of unique structures, which are potential candidates for biomedical applications.
Sorghum grain hardness and its relationship to mold susceptibility and mold resistance

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars exhibiting contrasting reactions to the gram mold complex were grown at Patancheru, India, in one postrainy (1988-1989) and two consecutive rainy seasons (1989 and 1990). Sorghum grain hardness was measured by four methods: grinding time required to obtain a fixed volume of flour from grains in a Stenvert hardness tester, force required to break the grains using Kiya and Instron food testers, and density grading in sodium nitrate solution measured as percentage of floating grains. Ergosterol concentration was determined in grains to assess the extent of mold damage. The Stenvert method was convenient and rapid and was significantly correlated with the other three methods but negatively and significantly correlated with the ergosterol concentration. Grains grown in the postrainy season exhibited higher hardness than those grown in the rainy seasons. Mold-resistant cultivars exhibited significantly greater hardness than mold-susceptible cultivars. Ergosterol concentration indicating the extent of mold attack was negatively and significantly( P < 0.01) correlated with Stenvert hardness values in mold-resistant phenotypically white sorghum grains (without testa) in both the rainy seasons.
Oxidation of Esculetin, a Model Pollutant Present in Cork Processing Wastewaters, by Chemical Methods

The ozonation of esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin), a major pollutant present in the wastewater generated in the cork industry, was accelerated at high pH, with apparent second-order rate constants in the range from 3.3 × 104 L/(mol·s) at pH=2 to 8.4 × 107 L/(mol·s) at pH=9. The acid-base equilibrium of esculetin was studied, resulting in a pKa value of 7.37. Taking into account this pKa, the rate constants for the reaction between ozone and the un dissociated and dissociated forms of esculetin were 3.0 × 104 and L/(mol·s) 6.67 × 108 L/(mol·s), respectively. Apparent first-order rate constants for the photolysis by UV irradiation were also evaluated, with values between 0.12 × 10−2 min−1 at pH=2 and 1.15 × 10−2 min−1 at pH=9, while the quantum yields for this photo-degradation reaction varied from 0.99 × 10−2 mol/Eins to 11.1 × 10−2 mol/Eins at these pHs. The Fenton's reagent system was used for the generation of hydroxyl radicals, and the rate constant for the reaction between esculetin and these radicals was determined to be 1.06 × 1010 L/(mol·s). Finally, several chemical oxidation systems were used in the degradation of this pollutant: single oxidants (ozone, UV irradiation) and advanced oxidation processes (Fenton's reagent, UV/H2O2, O3/H2O2, O3/UV, O3/H2O2 /UV, and photo-Fenton system). The results revealed that the most efficient methods in terms of esculetin removal were ozonation among the single oxidants, and the photo-Fenton system among the combined processes.
Democracy Defended: Contents

Is there a public good? A prevalent view in political science is that democracy is unavoidably chaotic, arbitrary, meaningless, and impossible. Such skepticism began with Condorcet in the eighteenth century, and continued most notably with Arrow and Riker in the twentieth century. In this powerful book, Gerry Mackie confronts and subdues these long-standing doubts about democratic governance. Problems of cycling, agenda control, strategic voting, and dimensional manipulation are not sufficiently harmful, frequent, or irremediable, he argues, to be of normative concern. Mackie also examines every serious empirical illustration of cycling and instability, including Riker’s famous argument that the US Civil War was due to arbitrary dimensional manipulation. Almost every empirical claim is erroneous, and none is normatively troubling, Mackie says. This spirited defence of democratic institutions should prove both provocative and influential.
Catecholamine Release and Uptake in Isolated Adrenergic Nerve Granules

Isolated storage granules from bovine splenic nerves, incubated in neutral isotonic K-phosphate give off noradrenaline at rates rapidly increasing with temperature. Noradrenaline in concentrations of 10—20 μg/ml in the incubation fluid inhibits or prevents the release. The noradrenaline thus retained is released at the normal rate after removal of the amine in the incubation fluid. After depletion, the granules are able to take up noradrenaline and adrenaline to about the original content when exposed to catecholamines in concentrations of 10—20 μg/ml, suggesting a limited storage capacity of the granules. It is suggested that the noradrenaline in the adrenergic nerve terminals is partly present in a free pool available for immediate release during nerve stimulation and that a lowering of the concentration in this pool causes the granules to give off the stored transmitter until an equilibrium is reached. The following resynthesis is assumed to continue until the free pool has reached a concentration preventing further release from the granules. This concentration is about the same as that normally found in bovine splenic nerves.
RELIGIOUS NETWORKS

no need to be defensive. The book is valuable in its own terms, limited though they inevitably are. D.H. has not given us anything new, but in the absence of fresh evidence that could not have been expected anyway. Instead, he has provided a detailed and wellinformed assessment of what the evidence we do have can and cannot tell us. The aim, as he says at the end, ‘was not to claim any greater certainty in our reconstruction of Josephus’ social situation in the city of Rome, but to assist us in imagining the possibilities, in exercising our historical imagination’ (p. 305). That may not be quite what the reader was invited to expect at the outset, but it’s a very fair description of what this useful work of scholarship achieves.
Field validation of specific ecotoxicological tools for aquatic systems impacted with acid mine drainage

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterised by very low pH and high heavy metal concentrations. Serious ecotoxicological effects, often leading to the complete disruption of the ecosystem, can be observed at the regions suffering this kind of contamination. Those effects can be caused either by low pH itself or by other contaminants that emerge with water acidification (mobilisation and increased solubility of heavy metals). The discrimination between the toxicity due to each of these two factors is not possible with the existing toxicity tests; the addition of chelating agents or serial dilution methods seriously alter the chemical and physical properties of the effluent. A toxicity test, based on the survival time of Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacea, Cladocera) neonates exposed to the unchanged effluent, was developed and field validated, on an AMD contaminated site.
Sensitive Determination of Saponins in Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng by Charged Aerosol Detector Coupled with HPLC

Abstract With continuous development in analytical instruments over recent years, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with various detectors has become very important tools for routine analysis and quality control of TCMs and botanical medicines. As a new “mass” detector, charged aerosol detector (CAD) provides an alternative detection method, which ultraviolet (UV) is unable to achieve for components owning almost no chromophore in its chemical structures with the lower sensitivity. With the purpose of evaluating the applicability of CAD for the analysis of TCMs, an HPLC-CAD method for simultaneous determination of saponins in Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng (“Sanqi” in chinese) was established in this contribution, which was successfully applied for quantitation of seven saponins, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rg2, Rh1, and Rd, in thirty batches of Sanqi samples. Meanwhile, the LODs and LOQs of UV, ELSD and CAD were compared and the results showed that the CAD method exhibited a lower LOD (0.01 ∼ 0.15 µg) and LOQ (0.04 ∼ 0.41 µg) than UV and ELSD. Furthermore, the CAD exhibited a steadier baseline in gradient elution compared with UV at 203 nm. Also, the HPLC-CAD method presents many apparent advantages of high sensitivity, steady baseline in gradient elution, easy operating, and it was expected to be a sensitive and universal method for analysis of TCMs containing weak UV absorption compounds. It was demonstrated that the content of seven saponins in Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng did not significantly correlate with the original work nor with the conventional quality standard.
Carotenoids Extracted from Promising Clones of Criolla Potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja) for Food Industry

The carotenoids are natural pigments that contribute to the replacement of the synthetic colorants which are still used in food industry. With this aim, the carotenoids from 15 promising clones and one commercial variety, named Yema de Huevo, of Criolla potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja) supplied by Corpoica were extracted and evaluated. The tubers lyophilized for 72 h by triplicate, and their carotenoids extracted with acetone and hexane. Absorbance of the supernatants obtained after centrifuging measured using spectrophotometry at intervals of 3 nm. Presence of carotenoids was also confirmed by thin layer chromatography. Absorbance values showed a presence of lutein-5, 6-epoxide in clones 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, and α-carotene in clones 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, and commercial variety. The promising clones 11, 12 and 14 were selected due to their higher carotenoid concentration. Their carotenoids extracted were evaluated their stability under different pH, temperature, and light conditions. A decrease in the color intensity was observed at 13.5 and 1.0 pH. There were not significant changes of color intensity at 50 and 70 °C temperatures. This carotenoids exposure to the light displayed a decrease in the absorbance. After, a commercial colorless yogurt was dyed with the selected carotenoids. Carotenoids from promising clone 14 showed higher pigmentation according to the spatial coordinates CIELAB of L*48.66 a*-1.65 b*5.63. Accepted for publication: August 15, 2013.
COMPARISON OF FOUR METHODS OF MEASURING VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF NITROGEN FOLLOWING UREA FERTILIZATION OF FOREST SOILS

Four methods were compared for measuring ammonia volatilization losses following urea application (220 kg N/ha) to a forest soil from Vancouver Island: (i) closed-static, (ii) semi-open, (iii) 15N-balance, and (iv) closed-dynamic. The first three methods were used in the field; the fourth in the laboratory. In addition, the effects of two levels of simulated rainfall were assessed with methods ii, iii and iv. Significantly greater amounts of volatile ammonia were measured by each of the following three methods in the order: closed-static (13%) < semi-open (17%) < closed-dynamic (22–26%). The 15N-balance method measured 35–42%, but these values could not be compared directly with the other three methods, because it measures losses from gases other than ammonia alone. The simulated 12-mm rainfall significantly decreased ammonia losses, but did not change the relationship among methods: semi-open < closed-dynamic < 15N-balance for 9, 12 and 22%, respectively. Since estimated ammonia losses (i.e. total minus .
Rational transfer function models for biofilm reactors

Design of controllers and optimization of plants using biofilm reactors often require dynamic models and efficient simulation methods. Standard model assumptions were used to derive nonrational transfer functions describing the fast dynamics of stirred-tank reactors with zero- or first-order reactions inside the biofilm. A method based on the location of the singularities was used to derive rational transfer functions that approximate nonrational ones. These transfer functions can be used in efficient simulation routines and in standard methods of controller design. The order of the transfer functions can be chosen in a natural way, and changes in physical parameters may directly be related to changes in the transfer functions. Further, the mass balances used and, hence, the transfer functions, are applicable to catalytic reactors with porous catalysts as well. By applying the methods to a nitrifying trickling filter, reactor parameters are estimated from residence-time distributions and low-order rational transfer functions are achieved. Simulated effluent dynamics, using these transfer functions, agree closely with measurements.