Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A support system for classification of students approved/disapproved in virtual environments for distance learning

This paper describes an efficient way to presort students as possible pass / fail courses in which use of distance education as an aid or fully in its activities. The environment was used moodle and technique of data mining for classification was the SVM (Support Vector Machine). This makes it possible to efficiently classify the chance to be a student flunking a course and then act in a preventative manner to avoid such failure.
Equivalence study of a topical diclofenac solution (pennsaid) compared with oral diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE . To compare the safety and efficacy of a topical diclofenac solution versus oral diclofenac in relieving the symptoms of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy equivalence trial. METHODS A total of 622 men and women with radiological evidence of primary knee OA and mild to severe symptoms were randomly assigned to treatment with a topical diclofenac solution plus placebo oral capsules, or placebo topical solution plus oral diclofenac (50 mg) capsules. Patients applied 50 drops of study solution and took 1 study capsule 3 times daily for 12 weeks. Efficacy variables were pain and physical function, measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) VA 3.1 OA Index, and patient global assessment (PGA). Equivalence in the per-protocol group was based on previously defined ranges of clinically significant difference. Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory data. RESULTS The difference in mean (95% CI) change scores (final minus baseline) between treatments was 13.3 mm (-8.6 to 35.2) for pain (total scale 500 mm), 71.0 mm (-2.4 to 144.5) for physical function (total scale 1700 mm), and 4.3 mm (-1.2 to 9.8) for PGA (total scale 100 mm). The CI for each efficacy variable fell within the predefined equivalence ranges (pain, +/- 75 mm; physical function, +/- 255 mm; PGA, +/- 20 mm), indicating that no clinically relevant difference was found between the 2 treatment arms. Safety analyses of patients applying topical diclofenac solution revealed some minor skin irritation at the application site--mostly skin dryness in 83/311 (27%) patients--but a significantly reduced incidence, relative to oral diclofenac, of total and severe gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events, including dyspepsia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. The number of patients developing abnormal liver function tests (including clinically significant elevation), hemoglobin, and creatinine clearance was significantly higher in the oral diclofenac group. CONCLUSION Application of this topical diclofenac solution to the knee of patients with OA produced relief of symptoms equivalent to oral diclofenac, with minor local skin irritation, but significantly reduced incidence of diclofenac-related GI complaints and abnormal laboratory values.
Identification of Childhood Psychiatric Disorder by Informant: Comparisons of Clinic and Community Samples

Objective: To compare the identification of psychiatric disorder as informed by parents versus teachers in children aged 6–11 years and parents versus adolescents in youth aged 12–16 years in clinic versus community samples. Method: Study data come from parallel surveys in Hamilton, Ontario, of children aged 6–16 years. The surveys included consecutive referrals (N = 1150) between 1989 and 1991 to the region's 2 agencies providing outpatient child mental health services. Also, a simple random sample (N = 1689) was used, drawn in 1989 from students attending public schools. Conduct disorder, hyperactivity, emotional disorder, and somatization disorder were assessed by informants using the original Ontario Child Health Study scales. Results: The percentage of children identified with a disorder was markedly higher in the clinic sample, irrespective of the type of disorder, the age and sex of the child, and who provided the assessment. Also, there was a statistically significant differential shift between parents and teachers in the percentage of children identified with disorder. The ratio of children aged 6–11 years identified with conduct disorder or hyperactivity by parents versus teachers was higher in the clinic sample than in the community sample. Among youth aged 12–16 years, a similar pattern emerged for parents as informants versus the adolescents themselves, but it was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusions: The data suggest that the relative contribution of informants to the identification of childhood psychiatric disorder varies by sample type: clinic and community. If risk factors for child disorder are influenced by contextually specific factors wedded to informants, then studies conducted in clinic versus community samples may lead to discrepant information about the determinants of psychopathology. The extent of this problem needs to be assessed by comparing the results of parallel studies conducted in clinic versus community samples.
ADVANCES IN MEASUREMENTS OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS

We present a summary of the advances in characterization techniques allowing comprehensive study of physical processes in semiconductor lasers. The studies of the electrical characteristics and optical emission below threshold allow to measure the optical gain, linewidth enhancement factor, transparency wavelength, optical loss and carrier life-time. Some other parameters, such as leakage current and wavelength chirp, can only be deduced from the above threshold measurements. Measurements of the carrier temperature and carrier heating in semiconductor lasers allow to obtain important information about the devices performance at high injection current densities. Taken together, all these measurements provide critical experimental feedback in the laser design process. They also furnish essential information to guide our understanding of the microscopic physical processes determining the laser performance and our efforts to simulate those processes.
Post-translational Processing of RhoA

RhoA and related GTP-binding proteins are modified post-translationally at their carboxyl terminus to form a prenylcysteine methyl ester. The synthesis and post-translational modification of RhoA and Cdc42 were examined in the RAW264 macrophage cell line, and the effect of carboxyl methylation on protein turnover was determined. Cells were labeled with [35S]cysteine, and RhoA or Cdc42 was immunoprecipitated with specific antibodies. Both RhoA and Cdc42 were methylated rapidly in control cells, with little accumulation of unmethylated protein. Carboxyl methylation of RhoA was inhibited by incubation of cells with a carbocyclic adenosine analog, 3-deazaaristeromycin, resulting in the accumulation of unmethylated RhoA. Under these conditions, Cdc42 methylation was inhibited only partially. When methylation was inhibited, the RhoA half-life decreased from 31 to 12 h, and the Cdc42 half-life decreased from 15 to 11 h. The increased degradation of unmethylated RhoA demonstrates a novel function for carboxyl-terminal prenylcysteine carboxyl methylation in protecting RhoA and related proteins from degradation.
Dynamic shortest path association for multiple object tracking in video sequence

Abstract. Persistently tracking multiple objects in cluttered environments is very challenging. We present a tracking association approach based on the shortest path faster algorithm. We first formulate the multiple object tracking as an integer programming problem of the flow network. Under this framework, the integer assumption is relaxed to a standard linear programming problem. Therefore, the global optimal solution can quickly be obtained using the fast dynamic shortest path algorithm, which highlights the dynamic programming characteristic of the shortest path, thus faster, algorithm. The proposed method avoids the difficulties of integer programming; more importantly, it has a lower worst-case complexity than competing methods but a better tracking accuracy and robustness in complex environments. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm takes less time than other methods and can operate in real time.
Online Spectral Clustering on Network Streams

Graph is an extremely useful representation of a wide variety of practical systems in data analysis. Recently, with the fast accumulation of stream data from various type of networks, significant research interests have arisen on spectral clustering for network streams (or evolving networks). Compared with the general spectral clustering problem, the data analysis of this new type of problems may have additional requirements, such as short processing time, scalability in distributed computing environments, and temporal variation tracking. However, to design a spectral clustering method to satisfy these requirements certainly presents non-trivial efforts. There are three major challenges for the new algorithm design. The first challenge is online clustering computation. Most of the existing spectral methods on evolving networks are off-line methods, using standard eigensystem solvers such as the Lanczos method. It needs to recompute solutions from scratch at each time point. The second challenge is the parallelization of algorithms. To parallelize such algorithms is non-trivial since standard eigen solvers are iterative algorithms and the number of iterations can not be predetermined. The third challenge is the very limited existing work. In addition, there exists multiple limitations in the existing method, such as computational inefficiency on large similarity changes, the lack of sound theoretical basis, and the lack of effective way to handle accumulated approximate errors and large data variations over time. In this thesis, we proposed a new online spectral graph clustering approach with a family of three novel spectrum approximation algorithms. Our algorithms incrementally update the eigenpairs in an online manner to improve the computational performance. Our approaches outperformed the existing method in computational efficiency and scalability while retaining competitive or even better clustering accuracy. We derived our spectrum approximation techniques GEPT and EEPT through formal theoretical analysis. The well established matrix perturbation theory forms a solid theoretic foundation for our online clustering method. We facilitated our clustering method with a new metric to track accumulated approximation errors and measure the short-term temporal variation. The metric not only provides a balance between computational efficiency and clustering accuracy, but also offers a useful tool to adapt the online algorithm to the condition of unexpected drastic noise. In addition, we discussed our preliminary work on approximate graph mining with evolutionary process, non-stationary Bayesian Network structure learning from non-stationary time series data, and Bayesian Network structure learning with text priors imposed by non-parametric hierarchical topic modeling.
Impact of advanced age on biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men according to pathological stage.

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of advanced age as a predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in Japanese patients with regard to pathological stage. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 379 Japanese patients with pT2-3N0/X prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy from 2000 to 2010 at a single academic institution. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine whether advanced age is a predictor of biochemical recurrence according to pathological stage. RESULTS The mean age at radical prostatectomy was 65.8 years. With a mean follow-up of 49.8 months, 61 men (16.1%) experienced biochemical recurrence. Martingale residual analysis showed that the adverse prognostic effect of age on biochemical recurrence fits a linear model, and patients were classified into two groups using a cut-off point of age 70 years. Although older patients had higher rates of biochemical recurrence than younger ones in the case of pT2 patients (P = 0.049), advanced age itself was not an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence among the total cohort. However, especially in pT2 patients with negative surgical margins, advanced age was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (HR = 3.97, P = 0.006). In these patients, 2- and 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 98.0 and 92.4% for younger patients and 93.2 and 82.0% for older patients, respectively (log-rank P = 0.015). On the other hand, in pT3 patients, there was no significant association between age and biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age is an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in Japanese patients with stage pT2 disease and negative surgical margins. Moreover, older patients of this group tended to have recurrence more than 2 years after surgery.
Estudo exploratório sobre prescrição, orientação e avaliação de exercícios físicos em musculação

Este estudo objetivou verificar o conhecimento dos profissionais de Educacao Fisica (EF) sobre as metodologias c treinamento empregadas na pratica da musculacao. Para tal foram entrevistados 18 profissionais de EF que atuavai em academias de ginastica no setor de musculacao na cidade de Santa Maria RS. Na entrevista foi abordado (1) c principais motivos pelos quais os clientes de academias realizavam programas de musculacao; (2) as principa qualidades fisicas estimuladas nos praticantes; (3) as metodologias utilizadas nos programas de musculacao e (4) i principais fontes de informacoes utilizadas pelos profissionais que atuavam na respectiva area. Os resultadc demonstraram, segundo os profissionais entrevistados, que (1) a maioria dos praticantes de musculacao procurai esta modalidade por fatores esteticos (90%), sendo “estetica” compreendida pelo sexo masculino como definicao aumento do volume muscular, ja para o feminino como emagrecimento e tonificacao muscular; (2) a principal qualidad fisica estimulada foi a forca dinâmica para os homens e resistencia muscular localizada para as mulheres; (3) a maiori dos profissionais nao souberam classificar as metodologias por eles empregadas de acordo coma nomenclatui especifica da area, no entanto, ao ser confrontado as respostas coma literatura foi observado que a maioria di metodologias direcionaram-se a carga fixa e poucas de pirâmide truncada; todos utilizaram-se do periodo de adaptaca e apenas tres profissionais empregaram testes como criterio de dosagem de cargas; (4) as principais fontes d informacao foram obtidas atraves de livros e cursos. Conclui-se, portanto que, a maioria dos profissionais apresentarai um conhecimento basico sobre as metodologias de treinamento empregadas na pratica da musculacao, havend porem dificuldades em classificar as metodologias de acordo coma nomenclatura especifica da area.
Single-Mode, Large Mode Area, Solid-Core Photonic BandGap Fiber With Hetero-Structured Cladding

We theoretically and experimentally analyze the benefit of hetero-structured cladding in Solid-Core Photonic BandGap fibers so as to increase the loss ratio between high order modes and fundamental mode. This property is applied to the realization of 19-cells core fibers practically single-mode around 1050 nm. When designed to operate in the 4th BandGap, a new design is proposed which permits to obtain mode field diameter of 44 μm whereas, for operation in the 3rd BandGap, a mode field diameter of 33 μm is obtained with 20 cm bending radius. The impact of the shape of hetero-structure on single-mode behavior is discussed.
Removal of COD and colour from young municipal landfill leachate by Fenton process

Landfill is a common solution for the final disposal of municipal solid waste in Turkey. In recent years, studies of landfill leachate treatment by Fenton process have indicated that these methods can effectively reduce concentrations of organic contaminants and colour. The aim of this study is to investigate the removal efficiencies of colour and organic matter as COD from young municipal landfill leachate and the effect of operating conditions such as initial pH and Fenton’s reagent dosage. Leachate was collected from municipal sanitary landfill located in city of Konya, Turkey. The main characteristics of the leachate were: pH = 7.25, colour = 3510 ptCo, COD = 38200 mgL−1, BOD5 = 22000 mgL−1, ratio of BOD5/COD was 0.58 and alkalinity as CaCO3 = 10250 mgL−1. It is observed that presenting a high value of COD and BOD5 and the rate of BOD5/COD values indicate that the leachate can be defined as young. The treatment of the leachate by Fenton process was carried out in a batch reactor. Under the optimal operation conditions (initial pH = 3, 2000 mgL−1 Fe2+ and 5000 mgL−1 H2O2), 55.9% of the initial COD and 89.4% colour were removed.
Identification of Cell Proliferation Zones, Progenitor Cells and a Potential Stem Cell Niche in the Intervertebral Disc Region: A Study in Four Species

Study Design. Descriptive experimental study in 4 different mammals. Objective. To investigate cell proliferation/regeneration and localize stem cells/progenitor cells within the intervertebral disc (IVD). Summary of Background Data. Disc degeneration (DD) is believed to play a major role in patients with chronic lumbar pain. Lately, biologic treatment options for DD have gained increasing interest. Normal regeneration processes within the IVD and have previously been sparsely described and therefore it is of great interest to increase the knowledge about these processes. Methods. Detection of cell proliferations zones and label-retaining cells were done by in vivo 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling in 18 rabbits, killed after 4, 6, 10, 14, 28, or 56 days. Results were visualized with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence/confocal microscopy. Localization of progenitor cell were further investigated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies towards Notch1, Delta4, Jagged1, C-KIT, KI67, and Stro-1 in normal IVD from rabbits (n = 3), rats (n = 2), minipigs (n = 2), and in human degenerated IVD (n = 4). Further, flowcytometry analysis using progenitor markers were performed on additional human IVD cells (n = 3). Results. BrdU positive cells were found in comparable numbers at early and late time points in most regions of the anulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus demonstrating slow ongoing cell proliferation. In the AF border to ligament zone (AFo) and the perichondrium region (P) a stem cell niche-like pattern was determined (a high number of BrdU positive cells at early time points vs. only a few label retaining cells at later time points). In normal and DD tissue from the 4 investigated species progenitor cell markers were detected. Conclusion. The IVD is a tissue with ongoing slow cell proliferation both in the AF and the nucleus pulposus. The stem cell niche pattern detected in AFo and P can be suggested to play a role for IVD morphology and function. These findings may be of importance for the development of biologic treatment strategies.
Complexity and vulnerability of high-speed rail network in China

The layout of High-speed rail network determines its performance of the flexibility, connectivity and reliability. Based on complex network theory, this paper constructs Chinese high-speed rail networks(CHSRN) at three periods, and analyzes their complex properties. Using a comprehensive evaluation index combined with degree and betweenness of nodes to discover the important stations, this paper simulates the performance of the network vulnerability when the stations are failed under random and malicious attacks. The survivability and rationality of three networks are compared to study the dynamic change of network vulnerability. The result shows that CHSRN has the topological characteristics of random network, and transforms to scale-free and small world network with the development gradually, meanwhile, the network increasingly evolved from local cluster to global complex connection. From 2015 to 2020, the connectivity and reliability of CHSRN changes slightly, and from 2020 to 2030 it becomes more robust and flexible and the network's performance promotes significantly. This paper will provide theoretical support and analysis verification of enhancing the network structure performance and improving its emergency support capacity.
DR 5 Receptor Mediates Anoikis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Lines

As human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells metastasize to distant sites, they are susceptible to detachment-induced cell death or anoikis — a form of apoptosis that occurs when anchoragedependent CRC cells go into suspension. Our goal was to identify whether tumor necrosis factor receptor apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors mediate anoikis in human CRC cells. First, we assessed whether caspases of the extrinsic (caspase-8) or intrinsic (caspase-9) death pathways were involved. Caspase-8 was cleaved during exposure to suspension culture in four CRC lines, and cell death was inhibited by caspase-3 and caspase-8 inhibitors but not by a caspase-9 inhibitor. Gene transcripts in macrophage inflammatory protein-101 (MIP-110), a weakly metastatic human CRC, were increased at least 2-fold for TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and TRAIL after 24 h of suspension culture compared with cells in monolayer culture. The increased expression of DR5 was confirmed at the protein level at 24 h, and exposure of MIP-101 cells to an antagonistic antibody to DR5 decreased caspase-8 activation. The antagonistic antibody to DR5 inhibited anoikis in four human CRC lines. Treatment with an antagonistic DR4 antibody or a neutralizing antibody to TRAIL ligand did not reduce anoikis consistently. Knockdown of DR5 or TRAIL also inhibited anoikis, whereas exogenous TRAIL or FasL did not consistently increase anoikis. In summary, DR5 receptor mediates death signals for anoikis in human CRC cells through the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. [Cancer Res 2008;68(3):909–17]
Une analyse des facteurs de risque dans l’apprentissage de la lecture chez l’enfant

Le but de cet article est de discuter des facteurs de risque associes aux difficultes que les enfants d’âge scolaire peuvent eprouver dans l’apprentissage de la lecture. D’entree de jeu, nous posons que l’instruction publique obligatoire expose les enseignants a toute la diversite des aptitudes a cet apprentissage. On estime que l’enseignement universel, en classe ordinaire, repond aux besoins d’environ 75% des apprentis lecteurs. Mais qu’en est-il des autres? Quels sont les facteurs qui, chez eux, peuvent nuire a l’apprentissage de la lecture? Pour tenter une reponse a cette question, nous faisons d’abord le portrait des principales habiletes qui president au developpement des normo-lecteurs. Puis, nous distinguons deux classes de facteurs de risque : les risques individuels et les risques environnementaux. Les risques connus et centres sur les caracteristiques de l’individu sont associes a l’heredite, aux deficits sensoriels, aux capacites cognitives generales et aux faiblesses dans le traitement de la langue orale ou ecrite. Les facteurs connus et centres sur le milieu d’apprentissage renvoient principalement aux activites d’enrichissement ou de formation dans le foyer familial ou a l’ecole. Nous discutons de leur nature et de leur impact sur l’apprentissage de la lecture.