Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
6.890 Lecture 17 - Scribe Notes

Today we will talk about constraint logic and its uses in Modeling Computation as Games. This was part of Bob Hearn’s thesis at MIT [2]. In particular, we will consider Nondeterministic Constraint Logic (NCL) problems and use them to show that problems such as Rush Hour and Sliding Blocks are PSPACE-Complete, as we noted in lecture 1. We will first define the problem and motivate why we can think of it as a model of computation. Then, we will construct a series of logical gadgets that will be useful for reductions. Afterwards, we will show certain decision problems stemming from NCL are PSPACE-Complete. Finally, we will use these results to show that many puzzles and problems are PSPACE-Complete.
Revisiting the Approximation Bound for Stochastic Submodular Cover

Deshpande et al. presented a k(ln R + 1) approximation bound for Stochastic Submodular Cover, where k is the state set size, R is the maximum utility of a single item, and the utility function is integer-valued. This bound is similar to the ln Q/(eta+1) bound given by Golovin and Krause, whose analysis was recently found to have an error. Here Q >= R is the goal utility and eta is the minimum gap between Q and any attainable utility Q' < Q. We revisit the proof of the k(ln R + 1) bound of Deshpande et al., fill in the details of the proof of a key lemma, and prove two bounds for real-valued utility functions: k(ln R_1 + 1) and (ln R_E + 1). Here R_1 equals the maximum ratio between the largest increase in utility attainable from a single item, and the smallest non-zero increase attainable from that same item (in the same state). The quantity R_E equals the maximum ratio between the largest expected increase in utility from a single item, and the smallest non-zero expected increase in utility from that same item. Our bounds apply only to the stochastic setting with independent states.
A New Species Of Rimicaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Bresiliidae) From The Snake Pit Hydrothermal Vent Field On The Mid atlantic Ridge

A second species of the bresiliid shrimp genus Rimicaris Wil­ liams & Rona, 1986, R. aurantiaca, is described from the Snake Pit hydro- thermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The species possesses a highly unusual dorsal light receptive organ (the "dorsal eye") beneath the carapace, as does R. exoculata Williams & Rona, 1986, but is considerably smaller than that species and in many ways bridges the morphological gap between the genera Rimicaris (previously monotypic) and the genus Chorocaris Martin & Hessler, 1990. Characters in common with R. exoculata include the presence of the dorsal eye, lack of a well developed carpal cleaning brush on the che- liped, smooth (not notched) lateral border of the antennal scale, and brush-like pad of setae on the dactyl us of the second maxilliped. Characters in common with species of Chorocaris include the relatively normal (not inflated) carapace, slightly produced rostrum, presence of recognizable eyestalks, and absence of a carapacial notch at the base of the antennal area that forms, with the carapace, an opercular shield such as is seen in R. exoculata. Previous descriptions of the dorsal eye of R. exoculata show that it differs from the dorsal eye of R. aurantiaca. The new species is also characterized by the presence of large numbers of orange-colore d oil droplets visible through the dorsum of the car­ apace and through the thin cuticle of the abdominal stemites and, to a lesser degree, through the cuticle of the abdominal terga. The definition of Rimicaris is revised to accommodate the new species.
Non-genetic factors affecting live weight and daily gain weight in Serrana Transmontano kids

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some non-genetic factors on birth weight, weaning weight and daily gain weight in Serrana Transmontano kids. Data from 8930 records were analysed. Results showed that birth weight (BW), adjusted live weight at 30 days of age (W30), adjusted weaning weight at 60 days of age (WW), average daily gain from birth until 30 days of age (ADG30) and average daily gain from birth until 60 days of age (ADG60) were influenced by sex, age of dam and birth season. BW, W30, WW, ADG30 and ADG60 of males were higher than female. The same variables increased with the dam’s age. Kids born in autumn were heavier than those born in spring, winter and summer. W30 was lower in kids born in winter. The WW of kids born in spring was higher than of those born in winter, autumn and summer and the ADG30 of kids born in spring and summer were higher than those born in autumn or winter. ADG60 was higher for kids born in spring. Kids born single were heavier at BW, W30 and ADG30 whilst kids born triple were lighter. Males showed the greatest weights and average daily gains, in the offspring of 3–5 years old females, as well as in single born and in those which were born in autumn.
A Survey Paper on MONA : Secure Multi-Owner Data Sharing for Dynamic Groups in the Cloud Kulkarni C . S .

Cloud computing is associate degree rising computing paradigm within which resources of the computing infrastructure area unit provided as services over the net. As promising because it is, this paradigm conjointly brings forth several new challenges for knowledge security and access management once users confidential against untrusted servers, existing solutions sometimes apply cryptological ways by revealing knowledge cryptography keys solely to approved users. one among the largest considerations with cloud knowledge storage is that of knowledge integrity verification at untrusted servers. To preserve knowledge privacy, a basic resolution is to encode knowledge files, so transfer the encrypted knowledge into the cloud. To resolve this downside recently the simplest economical technique Anglesey given for secured multi owner knowledge sharing in but we have a tendency to known some limitations within the same approach in terms of responsibleness and quantifiability. Therefore during this paper we have a tendency to area unit more extending the fundamental Anglesey by adding the responsibleness still as rising the quantifiability by increasing the quantity of cluster managers dynamically.
Dualizing complexes of affine semigroup rings

For an affine semigroup ring we construct the dualizing complex in terms of the semigroup and the homology of the face lattice of the polyhedral cone spanned by the semigroup. As a consequence there are characterizations of locally Cohen-Macaulay rings, Buchsbaum rings, and Cohen-Macaulay rings as well as Serre's condition 9 . INTRODUCTION Let S denote a finitely generated submonoid of the additive monoid N', n being a positive integer. By the affine semigroup ring I [S] of S over a field X let us denote the subring of X[xl, . , xn] generated by all monomials xs, s E S. So one has, up to isomorphisms, a one-to-one correspondence between affine semigroup rings and affine varieties given parametrically by monomials. Now it is of some interest to characterize ring theoretic properties as CohenMacaulay, Gorenstein, etc., in terms of the semigroup S. A first breakthrough in this direction was done by Kempf et al. [KKMS] and Hochster [Hol] who showed that X[S] is a Cohen-Macaulay ring provided it is normal. Moreover, the normality of X[S] is described in terms of S (see [Hol]). Another particular case, if S is a simplicial semigroup, is treated by Goto, Suzuki, and Watanabe [GSW], resp. Stanley [St2], who showed that X[S] is a Cohen-Macaulay ring if it satisfies the 22 -condition of Serre. Note that normality is equivalent to 5Y2 and R1. Moreover, there is a description of the 5'-condition in terms of S (see Theorem 6.3). In general the 52-condition is not sufficient for I[S] to be a Cohen-Macaulay ring, as follows by examples in [Hol] resp. [TH, 1.2]. On the other side Grobner [G] posed the problem to classify Cohen-Macaulay affine semigroup rings. The solution of this problem was done by Hoa and Trung [TH]. Related to structural properties of graded rings is a technical tool of the duality theory. This is the dualizing complex introduced by Grothendieck (see [Ha]). In recent years it became a helpful tool in commutative algebra. In particular, its knowledge allows characterizations of Cohen-Macaulay rings, locally CohenMacaulay rings, Buchsbaum rings, Gorenstein rings, and the 5-conditions of Received by the editors December 18, 1988. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 13H10; Secondary 14M05, 06A99. ( 1990 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/90 $1.Q0 + $. 25 per page
Training indicators as predictors of the sport performance of the race walker Matej Tóth in YTC 2013/2014 to YTC 2015/2016

Introduction: This paper shows the impact of effect of the training indicators to the sport performance of the Olympic and world champion in the men's 50-kilometer race-walk Matej Tóth in year training cycles YTC year training cycles 2013/2014 to YTC 2015/2016. Method: The basis of the analysis were the training volume indicators and the annual sport performance. Nonparametric procedures were chosen according to the assessment of the normality of file layout. Differences between the completed volume were evaluated statistically (Z) and substantively (“r”). The nonparametric algorithm CART was used for the construction of the regression trees. Result: By the CART method were selected training indicators which showed in the individual YTC high tightness with racewalking performance. In the YTC 2013/2014 (50 km 3:36:21 h; 20 km: 1:19:48 h) indicators of tempo endurance, special intensive and extensive tempo endurance has enforced in the model. Peak of the YTC 2014/2015 (50 km 3:34:38 hod; 20 km 1:20:21 hod) were the World Championships in Beijing. Intense special endurance, intense aerobic endurance and extensive tempo endurance have been enforced between the predictors of the walking performance. The training loss in the Olympic YTC 2015/2016 (50km 3:40:58h) had caused the reduced volume of the total load and walk training indicators. The reduced volume was compensated by increased volume of the cross-country skiing, training adds and by the walking at an extensive aerobic rate. This fact was reflected in the low number of regression tree factors. Number of training units and extensive special endurance came to the fore for the 50 km performance. Conclusion: In all YTC the impact of special endurance on sport performance has been proved. The specific periodization YTC showed cumulative effect of rate and aerobic endurance or training units.
Market Power and Multimarket Contact: Some Evidence from the Spanish Hotel Industry

This paper analyzes the effect of multimarket contact on firms' behavior. According to D. Bernheim and M. D. Whinston (1990), firms that meet in several markets for an infinite number of periods may find it profitable to redistribute market power among markets where they are operating. The authors present evidence supporting this prediction by using data from the Spanish hotel industry. Moreover, they also find that the omission of variables measuring multimarket contact creates a downward bias on the effect of concentration on prices. This result questions previous conclusions about the role of competition in industries where multimarket behavior is expected. Copyright 1998 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
MiR-21 regulates TGFBI expression in breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women that accounts for 10% of the whole body malignant tumors. Epidemiological investigation showed that breast cancer incidence keep increasing in our country, serious influencing on women’s physical and mental health. Breast cancer oncogenesis is a complex biological process, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. In recent years, it was found that TGFBI gene was associated with breast cancer onset, and miR-21 highly expressed in breast cancer tissue. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the regulation relationship between miR-21 and TGFBI in breast cancer, and investigated miR-21 effect in breast cancer pathogenesis. 10 cases of breast cancer patients receiving excision in XXX hospital were enrolled. Para-carcinoma tissues were treated as control. Real time PCR was applied to test miR-21 and TGFBI mRNA levels. Western blot was performed to detect TGFBI protein expression. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the relationship between miR-21 and TGFBI. Cell proliferation was tested. Compared with para-carcinoma tissue, miR-21 expression elevated 2.85 times in breast cancer tissue. TGFBI mRNA and protein reduced in cancer tissue, as 0.62 and 0.51 times compared with para-carcinoma tissue. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-21 can bind with 3’-UTR of TGFBI mRNA. MiR-21 overexpression declined TGFBI mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer cells, and promoted cell proliferation. MiR-21 low expression revealed the opposite results. TGFBI gene is one of the target genes of miR21. MiR-21 affects breast cancer cells proliferation through regulating TGFBI expression.
Building an Ontology for the Metamodel ISO/IEC24744 using MDA Process

The idea of using ontologies in the field of software engineering is not new. For more than 10 years, the Software Engineering community arouse great interest for this tool of semantic web, so to improve; their performance in production time and realisation complexity on the one hand, and software reliability and quality on the other hand. The standard ISO / IEC 24744, also known as the SEMDM (Software Engineering – Meta-model for Development Methodologies), provides in a global perspective, a conceptual framework to define any method of software development, through the integration of all methodological aspects related to the followed procedures, as well as, products, people and tools involved in the conception of a software product. The purpose of this article is to create domain ontology for ISO / IEC 24744 using an MDA process. This ontology will serve as semantic reference in order to assist for a better interoperability between the different users of the standard (human, software or machine).
Dynamic Equilibrium with Rare Events and Heterogeneous

We consider a general equilibrium Lucas (1978) economy with one consumption good and two heterogeneous Epstein-Zin investors. The output is subject to rare large drops or, more generally, can have non-lognormal distribution with higher cumulants. The heterogeneity in preferences generates excess stock return volatilities, procyclical price-dividend ratios and interest rates, and countercyclical market prices of risk when the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) is greater than one. Moreover, the latter results cannot be jointly replicated in a model where investors have EIS ≤ 1 or CRRA preferences. We propose new approach for deriving equilibrium, and extend the analysis to the case of heterogeneous beliefs about probabilities of rare events.
Accurate age determinations of several nearby open clusters containing magnetic Ap stars

Aims: Our aim is to obtain ages that are as accurate as possible for the seven nearby open clusters alpha Per, Coma Ber, IC 2602, NGC 2232, NGC 2451A, NGC 2516, and NGC 6475, each of which contains at least one magnetic Ap or Bp star. Simultaneously, we test the current calibrations of Te and luminosity for the Ap/Bp star members, and identify clearly blue stragglers in the clusters studied. Methods: We explore the possibility that isochrone fitting in the theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (i.e. log (L/Ls) vs. log Te), rather than in the conventional colour-magnitude diagram, can provide more precise and accurate cluster ages, with well-defined uncertainties. Results: Well-defined ages are found for all the clusters studied. For the nearby clusters studied, the derived ages are not very sensitive to the small uncertainties in distance, reddening, membership, metallicity, or choice of isochrones. Our age determinations are all within the range of previously determined values, but the associated uncertainties are considerably smaller than the spread in recent age determinations from the literature. Furthermore, examination of proper motions and HR diagrams confirms that the Ap stars identified in these clusters are members, and that the presently accepted temperature scale and bolometric corrections for Ap stars are approximately correct. We show that in these theoretical HR diagrams blue stragglers are particularly easy to identify. Conclusions: Constructing the theoretical HR diagram of a nearby open cluster makes possible an accurate age determination, with well defined uncertainty. This diagnostic of a cluster also provides a useful tool for studying unusual stars such as Ap stars and blue stragglers.
Effect of Boiling on Removing of Microcystins Toxins from Drinking Water Samples

The Population has been living more than 37% in the under developing countries, they need to access on safe drinking water as their basic right. Every year, the 875 million cases of diarrhoea and 4.7 million deaths are facing in these countries because primarily deficiencies occur in drinking water supply. These countries have needed more than $150 billion, it is expected estimate for their requirement to establish full safe water drinking supply coverage system and this calculated total amount may not be raise by them in the near future. For above purpose, it is needed to know the usefulness of boiling, chlorination and heat pasteurization methods for disinfection of microbes as (E. Coli, C. Boulinum and Cyanobacteria) in drinking water sources. The lab testing under the reliable method was used for detecting the microbial contamination and toxins these including the proper sampling of wastewater, then detection of toxins by using the ELISA method and microbial contamination by plate growth method. Simple Water boiling method is used with adding the small amount of coagulant as Ferric Chloride. The study showed that the toxins level was very high as 22 mg/l of microcystins in canal water that depend on microbial contaminations. In this research, 90-98% toxins were removes from drinking water samples by using the boiling process with some amount chemical as ferrous sulphate for drinking water treatment. Conclusions: the conclusion isdrowning from this study as finding very low consternation of toxins are observed as 0.2 mg/l with zero microbial contamination after treatment of boiling of drinking water under effective designed method.
Influence of Cadmium on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Nutrient Uptake in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Cadmium is extremely hazardous to life and has been involved in historic poisoning episodes of human, animal and plant populations. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ) is a staple food crop in terms of its high protein value. The present investigation in realistic field conditions is to study the effect of five different concentration of Cadmium (100μM, 250μM, 500μM, 750μM and 1mM) on bioaccumulation, carbohydrate, protein, leaf area and stomatal characteristics of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Cd markedly hindered the uptake and transport of nutrients like Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Accumulation of Cd, was more in pod in lower concentration but it is more in root in higher of concentration Cd. Cadmium adversely affected total carbohydrate and the leaf area. However total content of protein in leaves was positively affected in all treatments, but it was not consistent in different treatments. It has been noticed that, number of stomata, stomatal index, length and width of stomata were not much influenced by Cd.
How to Maximize Energy Content in Forage Grasses

In a recent paper, Kathryn Watts and Jerry Chatterton (2004) gave an excellent overview of the basic factors affecting carbohydrate levels in forages and how these factors affect forage management. • Sugars are the substrates for all plant growth, thus, they are critical to plant growth and development. • Sugars are produced by photosynthesis during daylight. • At night plants use energy from sugars formed by photosynthesis to grow. • Whenever the rates of photosynthesis exceed plant growth rates, carbohydrates accumulate. • At times, plant stresses decrease growth rates more than photosynthesis and carbohydrates accumulate. • Factors that contribute to plant stress include water and nutrient deficiencies, saline or acidic soils, as well as cold or hot temperatures. • High concentrations of carbohydrates (sugars, starch, and fructan) can be found in pasture or dry hay of cool-season grasses.
On Markovian solutions to Markov Chain BSDEs

We study (backward) stochastic differential equations with noise coming from a finite state Markov chain. We show that, for the solutions of these equations to be `Markovian', in the sense that they are deterministic functions of the state of the underlying chain, the integrand must be of a specific form. This allows us to connect these equations to coupled systems of ODEs, and hence to give fast numerical methods for the evaluation of Markov-Chain BSDEs.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project . II . Swift and HST Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disk of NGC 5548

Recent intensive Swift monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 yielded 282 usable epochs over 125 days across six UV/optical bands and the X-rays. This is the densest extended active galactic nucleus (AGN) UV/optical continuum sampling ever obtained, with a mean sampling rate <0.5 day. Approximately daily Hubble Space Telescope UV sampling was also obtained. The UV/optical light curves show strong correlations (r 0.57 0.90 max = − ) and the clearest measurement to date of interband lags. These lags are well-fit by a 4 3 τ ∝ λ wavelength dependence, with a normalization that indicates an unexpectedly large disk radius of 0.35 0.05 ∼ ± lt-day at 1367 Å, assuming a simple face-on model. The U band shows a marginally larger lag than expected from the fit and surrounding bands, which could be due to Balmer continuum emission from the broad-line region as suggested by Korista and Goad. The UV/X-ray correlation is weaker (r 0.45 max < ) and less consistent over time. This indicates that while Swift is beginning to measure UV/optical lags in general agreement with accretion disk theory (although the derived size is larger than predicted), the relationship with X-ray variability is less well understood. Combining this accretion disk size estimate with those from quasar microlensing studies suggests that AGN disk sizes scale approximately linearly with central black hole mass over a wide range of masses. The Astrophysical Journal, 806:129 (14pp), 2015 June 10 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/129 © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. 40 NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellow. 41 Packard Fellow.
Hiding Computer Network Proactive Security Tools Unmasking Features

Passive and proactive network security tools, based on cyber deception technologies, become more and more popular among classic tools. Using such tools gives an opportunity to prevent network attacks on the very beginning – at intelligence gathering stage. In this work we research one of these deceptive tools – a network tarpit. Based on LaBrea taprit, we investigate some fingerprints of its algorithms, that may lead to tarpit detecting and lowering overall security level. We used an open source detection tool Degreaser to find LaBrea’s unmasking features, classify them and calculate their influence on the possibility of tarpit discovering. Our main goal was to provide methods to improve network tarpit obscuring capabilities, ridding of revealed unmasking features. These methods were later implemented as modules and integrated in our network tarpit called NetHole, that uses LaBrea as prototype and has no revealed shortcomings. The efficiency of modifications made was then tested in a set of tests with the same detection tool Degreaser. Keywords—information security; proactive defence; network tarpit; network security tools; unmasking features; cyber deception; network intelligence gathering