Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I 875.3 et H 769.5, variétés prometteuses de coton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) sélectionnées au Bénin

Nous avons evalue l'incidence technique et economique pour la filiere coton au Benin du remplacement de la variete vulgarisee H 279-1 par deux nouvelles lignees, I 875-3 et H 769-5. L'etude s'est appuyee sur une synthese d'essais multilocaux conduits au Benin entre 2004 et 2007. Apres une analyse individuelle de tous les essais, ceux-ci ont ete regroupes par type, en milieu producteur ou en milieu controle, et par grandes zones agro-ecologiques, Nord, Nord-centre, Centre et Sud. Enfin, l'incidence du remplacement de la variete vulgarisee par l'une des deux nouvelles lignees a ete analysee a une echelle macro-economique. La lignee I 875-3 est apparue equivalente a H 279-1 en rendement au champ avec un avantage de 6,6 % dans la region Sud. Elle a montre un meilleur rendement a l'egrenage de +1,5 points, une meilleure production de fibre a l'hectare de 5%, des fibres plus longues de 0,3 mm et un indice micronaire superieur de 0,4 point. En revanche, cette lignee a semble un peu plus tardive que H 279-1 et sa fibre plus cremee d'environ 0,5 point, tout en restant dans les normes admises. La seconde lignee, H 769-5 a produit environ 2 % de coton graine de moins que H 279-1, mais autant de fibre a l'hectare grâce a un rendement a l'egrenage superieur de 0,8 point. Ses fibres sont d'une qualite superieure a celles de H 279-1, en depit d'un indice de jaune plus eleve de 0,7 point. Au plan economique, la vulgarisation de I 875-3 en remplacement de H 279-1 doit generer une plus value d'environ 22.500 F CFA pour chaque tonne de coton graine produite, dont 4.500 F CFA beneficieront aux producteurs. La vulgarisation de H 769-5 doit faire gagner environ 8.000 F CFA par tonne de coton graine produite a la filiere mais elle ne profitera pas directement aux producteurs. La filiere peut donc tirer profit du remplacement de la variete H 279-1 par l'une ou l'autre
A pilot study on objective quantification and anatomical modelling of in vivo head and neck positions commonly applied in training and competition of sport horses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Head and neck positions (HNP) in sport horses are under debate in the equine community, as they could interfere with equine welfare. HNPs have not been quantified objectively and no information is available on their head and neck loading. OBJECTIVES To quantify in vivo HNPs in sport horses and develop o a model to estimate loading on the cervical vertebrae in these positions. METHODS Videos were taken of 7 Warmbloods at walk on a straight line in 5 positions, representing all HNPs during Warmblood training and competition. Markers were glued at 5 anatomical landmarks. Two-dimensional angles and distances were determined from video frames for the 5 HNPs and statistically compared (P < 0.05). A new simulation model was developed to estimate nuchal ligament cervical loading at these HNPs. RESULTS The mean angles were significantly different between the 5 HNPs for the line between C1 and T6 with the horizontal and for the line connecting the facial crest (CF) and C1 with the vertical, while the vertical distance from CF to the lateral styloid process of the radius (PS) was significantly different between all 5 positions (P < 0.05). The estimated nuchal ligament loading appeared to be largest at the origin of C2 for all HNPs, except for the 'hyperextended' HNP5; the 'hyperflexed' HNP4 showed the largest loading values on the nuchal ligament origins at all locations. CONCLUSIONS HNPs can be accurately quantified in the sagittal plane from angles and distances based on standard anatomical landmarks and home-video captured images. Nuchal ligament loading showed the largest estimated values at its origin on C2 in hyperflexion (HNP4). POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Modelling opens further perspectives to eventually estimate loading for individual horses and thus ergonomically optimise their HNP, which may improve the welfare of the sport horse during training and competition.
Service Function Chaining in Next Generation Networks: State of the Art and Research Challenges

Service function chaining is a network capability that provides support for application-driven-networking through the ordered interconnection of service functions. The lifecycle management of service function chains is enabled by two recently emerged technologies, software defined networking and network function virtualization, that promise a number of efficiency, effectiveness, and flexibility gains. This article introduces a service function chaining taxonomy that considers architecture and performance dimensions as the basis for the subsequent stateof- the-art analysis. The article concludes with a gap analysis of existing solutions and the identification of future research challenges.
Scaling of Soil Moisture: A Hydrologic Perspective

▪ Abstract Soil moisture is spatially and temporally highly variable, and it influences a range of environmental processes in a nonlinear manner. This leads to scale effects that need to be understood for improved prediction of moisture dependent processes. We provide some introductory material on soil moisture, and then review results from the literature relevant to a variety of scaling techniques applicable to soil moisture. This review concentrates on spatial scaling with brief reference to results on temporal scaling. Scaling techniques are divided into behavioral techniques and process-based techniques. We discuss the statistical distribution of soil moisture, spatial correlation of soil moisture at scales from tens of meters to thousands of kilometers and related interpolation and regularization techniques, and the use of auxiliary variables such as terrain indices. Issues related to spatially distributed deterministic modeling of soil moisture are also briefly reviewed.
Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Some Himalayan Foliose Lichens against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

In vitro antifungal activity of the acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of four lichen species viz, Bulbothirx setschwanensis, Everniastrum nepalense, Heterodermia diademata, Parmelaria thomsonii were investigated against seven plant pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. roseum and Penicillium citrinum) with reference to commercially available synthetic antifungal drug Ketoconazole (positive control). Lichen secondary metabolites were extracted using Soxhlet extractor and were further recovered through gentle evaporation of solvents in rotatory evaporator. Antifungal activity was analysed employing BauerKirby disc diffusion assay. Acetone and methanol extracts of lichenized fungi were found more effective against tested plant pathogenic fungi. Principal component analysis concluded that though, Ketoconazole was effective against four of the tested plant pathogenic fungi, acetone and methanol extracts of lichens were comparatively more effective against some broad spectrum plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. roseum).
Changes in genetic diversity in the red winter wheat regions of the United States.

Pedigree and acreage data were utilized to determine trends in genetic diversity of soft red winter (SRW) and hard red winter (HRW) wheats. Four uniformity estimates were computed: (a) r(1), the mean relationship among all cultivars grown in a given year; (b) r(2), the mean relationship among primary cultivars; (c) r(3), the mean relationship of primary cultivars weighted by acreage; and (d) r(4), the mean relationship of primary cultivars grown in different years, weighted by acreage. In the SRW region, there has been a slow but steady increase in relationship among cultivars (r(1) and r(2)). There was a dramatic increase in field uniformity (r(3)) during the 1970s, but r(3) had sharply decreased by 1984 to its lowest point ever (0.22). All uniformity estimates decreased sharply for HRW wheats from 1919 to 1949 and have decreased gradually since. Uniformity is higher in HRW than in SRW wheats, primarily because of the persistence of a core of HRW germ plasm from cultivar ;Turkey,' but the difference is diminishing. Both classes appear to be entering a new era of increasing diversity.
Cartografias do Sagrado na Contemporaneidade: o nascimento da biorreligiosidade

Como resultado de uma pesquisa sob o titulo: “Subjetividade Contemporânea e Religiosidade – Cartografias de Novas Figuracoes Religiosas”, este estudo apresenta algumas das conclusoes alcancadas. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a experiencia do sagrado na contemporaneidade e destacar o que tais experiencias evidenciam acerca da subjetividade hoje. O metodo de investigacao utilizado foi a cartografia – composta por entrevistas a fieis e observacao participante nos rituais religiosos dos grupos pesquisados. Nesta reflexao e apresentada uma breve cartografia do Santo Daime em Curitiba-PR (regiao metropolitana). Os resultados apontam a proeminencia das sensacoes corporais sobre a cognicao enquanto fonte de producao de sentido da experiencia religiosa, podendo indicar o nascimento de uma biorreligiosidade, levantando assim, a pergunta se estaria ou nao se configurando uma nova tendencia no modo de producao de sentido da experiencia religiosa contemporânea.
Passive Beamforming Using Surface Acoustic Wave Filters

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters have been developed to code the information received by an antenna array and sum them into a single signal. In post-processing, these waveforms are retrieved exploiting the orthogonal propagation in each SAW filter. Thus, a proof a concept of beamforming and imaging using SAW filters is presented.
Analytical treatment of microstrip monopole antenna with finite ground plane

The effect of finite ground plane on resonant frequency of microstrip monopole antenna is studied. Electric field corresponding to a microstrip monopole antenna follows an elliptic path between the monopole and the finite ground plane, and is analogous to TEc01 mode of an elliptic waveguide with PMC walls. The authors have used this elliptic waveguide model to understand the effect of size of the finite ground plane on resonant frequency. A prototype of microstrip monopole antenna resonating at 2.03 GHz on a substrate having εr = 4.3 is fabricated. Good agreement between the theoretical and the measured results showed the validity of the proposed cavity model and the related analysis.
The direct teaching of tool manipulation skills via the impedance identification of human motions

A novel approach to the teaching of skills that human workers have acquired in performing specific tasks is presented. A skilled worker shows how to perform a given task, and his motions are measured. The force exerted by the worker and the displacement of the tool manipulated by the worker are monitored and stored in a computer. The data are analyzed to find the control law of the human expert. The functional relationship between the force and the displacement is derived from the data by using a curve-fitting technique. The identified relationship is used as a reference model for controlling a manipulator arm to replicate the expert motion. The method is applied to the impedance control of a simple grinding robot. <<ETX>>
Hypertension in master endurance athletes

Objective To determine whether long-term very vigorous endurance training prevents hypertension. Design Cohort study of master orienteering runners and controls. Setting Finland. Subjects and methods In 1995, a health questionnaire was completed by 264 male orienteering runners (response rate 90.4%) who had been top-ranked in competitions among men aged 35–59 years in 1984, and by 388 similarly aged male controls (response rate 87.1%) who were healthy at the age of 20 years and free of overt ischemic heart disease in 1985. Main outcome measure Self-report of medication for hypertension. Results In the endurance athlete group, the crude prevalence (8.7%) of subjects who had used medication for hypertension was less than a third of that in the control group (27.8%). Even after adjusting for age and body mass index, the difference between the groups was still significant (odds ratio for athletes 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.76). Conclusions Long-term vigorous endurance training is associated with a low prevalence of hypertension. Some of the effect can be explained by a lower body mass, but exercise seems to induce a lower rate of hypertension by other mechanisms than by decreasing body weight.
A phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of the calcium-sensing receptor antagonist MK-5442 in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

CONTEXT MK-5442 is an orally bioavailable calcium-sensing receptor antagonist that is hypothesized to stimulate bone formation by stimulating endogenous secretion of a pulse of PTH. Earlier clinical and preclinical studies demonstrated increased bone mineral density (BMD) after treatment. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify a dose of MK-5442 that produces osteoanabolic effects without excessive hypercalcemia. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of private or institutional practice. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION In total, 383 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were administered daily oral MK-5442 (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 mg) or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum PTH and calcium, bone turnover markers, areal BMD, and safety were evaluated. RESULTS A dose-dependent transient increase in PTH occurred after an MK-5442 dose and lasted more than 3.5 hours. Compared with placebo, significant increases in bone formation markers (serum procollagen 1 N-terminal peptide and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) were observed by 6 months, whereas bone resorption markers (serum C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen, urine N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen) initially decreased but were also significantly increased by 6 months. Despite the biochemical marker changes suggestive of an anabolic response, there were no statistically significant differences between any dose of MK-5442 and placebo in percent change from baseline at month 6 in any of the BMD endpoints. The frequency of hypercalcemia (trough serum calcium ≥ 10.8 mg/dL) was greater with higher MK-5442 doses. CONCLUSION In postmenopausal women with low bone mass, treatment with MK-5442 resulted in transient pulses of PTH. Bone formation markers increased quickly and bone resorption markers decreased temporarily, suggestive of an anabolic window. However, there were no increases in BMD versus placebo.
Neuregulin1 displayed on motor axons regulates terminal Schwann cell-mediated synapse elimination at developing neuromuscular junctions

Significance Refinement of synaptic connections occurs throughout the nervous system and is essential for its proper function. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate pruning of synaptic connections—a form of synaptic plasticity known as synapse elimination. Recently it has become clear there is significant glial cell involvement. The present study of the rodent neuromuscular junction addresses two outstanding questions involving this glial involvement: which molecules determine the Schwann cell behavior present during pruning, and whether these behaviors actually alter synaptic structure. Our findings identify axon-tethered neuregulin1 as a molecular determinant for Schwann cell-driven neuromuscular synaptic plasticity. Synaptic connections in the nervous system are rearranged during development and in adulthood as a feature of growth, plasticity, aging, and disease. Glia are implicated as active participants in these changes. Here we investigated a signal that controls the participation of peripheral glia, the terminal Schwann cells (SCs), at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in mice. Transgenic manipulation of the levels of membrane-tethered neuregulin1 (NRG1-III), a potent activator of SCs normally presented on motor axons, alters the rate of loss of motor inputs at NMJs during developmental synapse elimination. In addition, NMJs of adult transgenic mice that expressed excess axonal NRG1-III exhibited continued remodeling, in contrast to the more stable morphologies of controls. In fact, synaptic SCs of these adult mice with NRG1-III overexpression exhibited behaviors evident in wild type neonates during synapse elimination, including an affinity for the postsynaptic myofiber surface and phagocytosis of nerve terminals. Given that levels of NRG1-III expression normally peak during the period of synapse elimination, our findings identify axon-tethered NRG1 as a molecular determinant for SC-driven neuromuscular synaptic plasticity.
Evaluation of initial diametric increase in different species of Pinus in the region of Santa Maria do Oeste (PR)

A avaliacao de incremento diametrico inicial em diferentes especies de Pinus foi realizada em uma area pertencente a Ibema Cia Brasileira de Papel na Fazenda Festugato, na regiao Central do Estado do Parana. Foram avaliadas especies do genero Pinus (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. & Golf., Pinus oocarpa Schiede, Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L.), com idade de 4 anos, espacamento inicial de 2,50 x 2,00 m. Para tanto, instalaram-se 12 unidades amostrais, cada unidade amostral com area de 360 m² e 3 repeticoes por especie. O estudo tem objetivo comparar o desenvolvimento de duas especies implantadas em grande escala na regiao “P. elliottii Engelm. e P. taeda L. ” e duas especies tropicais “P. caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. & Golf. e P. oocarpa Schiede”, bem como comparar com resultados de pesquisa de outros trabalhos em outras regioes. Foi realizado em computador teste de Bartlett, analise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey para as variaveis sobrevivencia, diâmetro e area basal. Atraves dos resultados obtidos, comprova-se que o P. taeda L. e a especie mais produtiva para a regiao, seguida pelo P. oocarpa Schiede, P. caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. & Golf. e P. elliottii Engelm. O P. taeda L. perde incremento diametrico quando comparado ao P. caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. & Golf. e P. oocarpa Schiede em regioes mais quentes. O P. taeda L. e a especie a ser implantada na regiao sul do Brasil, bem como o P. oocarpa Schiede e P. caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. & Golf. devem ser implantados em regioes mais quentes (Regiao Sudeste do Brasil).
LE PROFIL DES SOCIETES QUI DIFFUSENT VOLONTAIREMENT DE L'INFORMATION

L'objectif de cet article est de relier certaines caracteristiques des societes cotees a leur pratique d'information volontaire. Les variables independantes etudiees font reference a la theorie politico-contractuelle. Les couts de la publication sont egalement integres dans le modele et apparaissent comme une contrainte majeur du processus de communication.
Colorimetric detection of HIV-1 ribonuclease H activity by gold nanoparticles.

Scheme 1 . Illustration of colorimetric detection of HIV-1 RNase H activity using unmodifi ed gold nanoparticles. Acquired immune defi ciency syndrome (AIDS) is generally characterized by infection of human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Despite enormous efforts in developing antiretroviral drugs, coping with the drug resistance of HIV-1 remains a daunting task. [ 1 ] The ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) plays a crucial role in the viral replication cycle and degrades the RNA strand of an RNA–DNA hybrid. [ 2 ]
Structural and Functional Diversity of Desmosomes

Abstract Desmosomes anchor intermediate filaments at sites of cell contact established by the interaction of cadherins extending from opposing cells. The incorporation of cadherins, catenin adaptors, and cytoskeletal elements resembles the closely related adherens junction. However, the recruitment of intermediate filaments distinguishes desmosomes and imparts a unique function. By linking the load-bearing intermediate filaments of neighboring cells, desmosomes create mechanically contiguous cell sheets and, in so doing, confer structural integrity to the tissues they populate. This trait and a well-established role in human disease have long captured the attention of cell biologists, as evidenced by a publication record dating back to the mid-1860s. Likewise, emerging data implicating the desmosome in signaling events pertinent to organismal development, carcinogenesis, and genetic disorders will secure a prominent role for desmosomes in future biological and biomedical investigations.
Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Single‐Dose Oral and Intramuscular Ketorolac Tromethamine for Postoperative Pain

The efficacy and safety of the analgesic drug ketorolac tromethamine in the treatment of moderate to very severe postoperative pain was assessed in five dose‐ranging studies with single‐dose, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group designs. The drug was administered orally (2.5–200 mg, 352 patients in three trials) and intramuscularly (5–90 mg, 395 patients in two trials), and compared with placebo and reference drugs. Patients subjectively evaluated pain intensity and relief using verbal categoric and visual analog scales; efficacy values included pain intensity difference (PID), summed PID, and total pain relief. Oral ketorolac 10, 12.5, 100, and 200 mg were each statistically significantly superior to placebo in all efficacy measurements, and 10 mg was equivalent to intramuscular morphine 10 mg. Intramuscular ketorolac 90 mg was superior to and 10 and 30 mg were similar to intramuscular morphine 12 mg, and all of these ketorolac doses were superior to intramuscular morphine 6 mg. Intramuscular ketorolac 10 and 30 mg were superior to intramuscular meperidine 50 and 100 mg. Ketorolac was well tolerated, with rates of adverse events generally lower than those of the opiate comparators. Ketorolac doses of 2.5 and 5 mg were less effective than higher doses; 10 mg or more resulted in faster onset of action and greater peak efficacy; 90 mg or more gave more prolonged analgesic effects.
An Integrative Endocrine Model for the Evolution of Developmental Timing and Life History of Plethodontids and Other Salamanders

In recent years, many molecular endocrine mechanisms that regulate tissue morphogenesis have been detailed in laboratory amphibian models. However, most of these pathways have not been examined across more closely related species to understand how deviations in endocrine pathways may have contributed to amphibian diversification. The timing of metamorphosis and maturation vary extensively across plethodontid salamanders (including direct developing, biphasic, and paedomorphic species), making them an ideal system for analyzing the evolution of endocrine mechanisms in a phylogenetic context. Recent phylogenetic-based reconstructions concluded that ancestral plethodontids were likely direct developers, and free-living larval periods were independently derived multiple times within this family. Furthermore, within one clade (Spelerpini) there have been multiple independent transitions from biphasic (metamorphic) to paedomorphic developmental modes. This inspires the question: What endocrine/developmental mechanisms govern these extreme life history transitions? Prior endocrine models for the evolution of direct development and paedomorphosis have been largely based on the ontogenetic timing of thyroid hormone release and/or thyroid hormone responsiveness of target tissues. Here I review endocrine pathways that influence metamorphosis and maturation in laboratory amphibians (Clawed frog and Axolotl) and other species, and develop a model that integrates prior thyroid hormone-based patterns with other endocrine axes. This integrated framework incorporates developmental shifts that result from plasticity or evolution in the timing of hatching, metamorphosis, and maturation, and can be used to test mechanistic changes that underlie life history variation of plethodontids and other salamanders.