Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 and the Educational Sector: Challenges and the Need for Inclusive Education in Nigeria

The Covid-19 pandemic has become a global concern not only due to the high mortality rate attributed to the diseases, but also its adverse effect on the education sector and the economy at large. This qualitative paper therefore, examines how Covid-19 influence the Education Sector and the need for Inclusive Education in Nigeria. This paper reviewed literature that studied the relationship between Covid-19 and Education mostly in Nigeria. The findings show that inclusive education which involves granting equal opportunities to quality education for all students regardless of any challenges or socioeconomic background is not widely practice in Nigeria. This is because most of the gains accruing from inclusive education are not evenly spread across households and communities in Nigeria. Some of these benefits include: inclusive society through quality education that promote sense of belonging; improve platform of learning that reduces educational gap due to varying abilities; promotes cultural respect and opportunities to develop friendship. Some of the challenges to inclusive education include poor funding of the education sector; poverty level among Nigerians; poor electricity power supply; inability of parents to support home learning and Review Article Aimua and Paul; AJEBA, 21(5): 15-23, 2021; Article no.AJEBA. 67063 16 inadequate and qualified personnel. This paper recommends school authorities to prioritise transformation from tradition to e-learning methods and enforce staff training on Information and Communication Technology.
Performance Analysis of Adiabatic Vedic Multipliers

Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, India. E-mail: slkaza06@gmail.com Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, India. E-mail: coolsyamu@gmail.com Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, India. E-mail: avntilak@yahoo.com Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, India. E-mail: principaltrr@gmail.com Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India. E-mail: vijayababu.e@gmail.com
Serotypes, Virulence Factors and Antibiograms of Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrhetic Calves in Egypt: A review

Colibacillosis is the main trouble confronted in cattle outputting, causing considerable economic losses. The infected or carrier calves and cows shed the bacteria in the feces and causing the transmission of pathogenic E. coli to calves at the environment. Diagnosis of E. coli infection in calves relies on history, clinical signs, the culture of bacteria, and serotyping of bacteria. Colibacillosis requires immediate response to colibacillosis is variable, centered on isolation and treatment of dehydration &antimicrobial therapy. Parental antibiotics can give a good result if given in the early stage, but not without rehydration therapy. The prevalence of colibacillosis differs from 5.4 to 100%, and it is roughly estimated that calf mortality connected with colibacillosis of 20% may reduce net profit to 40%. The emergence of multi-drug resistant E. coli isolated from diarrhetic calves has been raised as a new concern for public health and food safety authorities. Routine monitoring of E.coli isolated from diarrhetic calves will help reduce the transmission to humans and help select the most effective antibiotics. In conclusion, dam vaccination before calving, improve hygiene around calving and proper colostrum administration considered the main factors to control and prevent the disease. In addition, vigilant monitoring of E. coli isolates recovered from diarrhetic calves for antimicrobial sensitivity pattern will help choose the appropriate antibiotic and decrease the transmission of theses isolates to humans.
Economic impact of SMEs in the desert of Arica-Chile: an early evaluation of the business assistance provided by Sercotec's Arica Business Center program

The article analyzes under a case study methodology the first economic impact results of the Small Business Development Center program in Arica, a program financed by the Technical Cooperation Service (SERCOTEC). The preliminary conclusion of the article suggests that the first economic impact results show that the 833 enterprises assisted by the program generate more sales opportunities, jobs and investments, creating positive income and fiscal returns, despite the enormous difficulties presented by the current pandemic facing the country and especially the region. From a public policy standpoint, the CDN's contribution to the regional economy helps create new employment opportunities in growing MSMEs. For their part, maturing companies contribute to job retention thanks to the advisory processes that help reorient their businesses, and the work with entrepreneurs contributes to the generation of new businesses that strengthen the regional economy.
Dogs and Cats and Their Relationships with Humans as Depicted in Picture Books

Attitudes toward animals are influenced by childhood experiences with animals. One source of such experiences is provided by picture books. Because the representations of animals in picture books affect attitudes toward animals, it is important to examine how animals are depicted in picture books in order to improve human-animal interactions. Since dogs and cats are particularly familiar to children, it is easy for children to apply representations in picture books to real dogs and cats. This study quantitatively investigated how dogs and cats are depicted in picture books. Several elements were extracted from the pictures in the picture books and their state was recorded. The analysis included comparisons of depictions of dogs and cats, human presence and absence, and story settings in 2040 picture books that contained depictions of dogs or cats. The results revealed that dogs and cats were anthropomorphized or humanized much less often in picture books in which humans appeared than in those in which humans did not appear. Dogs were often drawn on the ground outside, and cats were often shown in elevated positions or indoors. For dogs, there were many depictions of walks, often in urban settings. In general, the analysis of the depictions suggests that children may feel boundary between human and dog/cat based on the picture books. The analysis of the walking scenes suggests that the reality of dogs may be conveyed to children. In addition, the analysis of the positions of dogs and cats suggests that traditional representation of them and their relationships with humans may be conveyed to children in such books.
The relationships among physical status, smoking motivation, smoking behavior, and university student stress

Background/Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the health status, blood status, smoking motivation, and smoking behaviors of university students who were enrolled in a smoking cessation clinic. Methods/Statistical analysis A total of 80 subjects, including 10 females and 70 males, were surveyed from March 1, 2017 to April 15, 2017. The methods used were t-tests and ANOVA tests for general statistics, including mean and standard deviation frequency. Correlations of each variable were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence on smoking cessation intention. Findings: The CO2 concentration was 4.81 2.56, and the stress was 5.30 1.98 on the NRS scale from 1 to 10. The most effective stress relievers were drinking alcohol (32.7%), tobacco usage (28.7%), and exercise (21.8%). The blood pressure of the subjects was 137.75 ±15.82 mmHg systolic and 76.79 ±9.35 mmHg diastolic. Also, AST was 22.88 ±15.72 IU/L, ALT was 26.24 ±15.64 IU/L, and γ-GTP appeared as 37.74 ±46.68 IU/L. Hemoglobin was 15.16 ±1.14, 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 19 2018, 1157-1168 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu
Comparative Analysis of Three Improved Deep Learning Architectures for Music Genre Classification

Among the many music information retrieval (MIR) tasks, music genre classification is noteworthy. The categorization of music into different groups that came to existence through a complex interplay of cultures, musicians, and various market forces to characterize similarities between compositions and organize collections is known as a music genre. The past researchers extracted various hand-crafted features and developed classifiers based on them. But the major drawback of this approach was the requirement of field expertise. However, in recent times researchers, because of the remarkable classification accuracy of deep learning models, have used similar models for MIR tasks. Convolutional Neural Net- work (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and the hybrid model, Convolutional - Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN), are such prominently used deep learning models for music genre classification along with other MIR tasks and various architectures of these models have achieved state-of-the-art results. In this study, we review and discuss three such architectures of deep learning models, already used for music genre classification of music tracks of length of 29-30 seconds. In particular, we analyze improved CNN, RNN, and CRNN architectures named Bottom-up Broadcast Neural Network (BBNN) [1], Independent Recurrent Neural Network (IndRNN) [2] and CRNN in Time and Frequency dimensions (CRNN- TF) [3] respectively, almost all of the architectures achieved the highest classification accuracy among the variants of their base deep learning model. Hence, this study holds a comparative analysis of the three most impressive architectural variants of the main deep learning models that are prominently used to classify music genre and presents the three architecture, hence the models (CNN, RNN, and CRNN) in one study. We also propose two ways that can improve the performances of the RNN (IndRNN) and CRNN (CRNN-TF) architectures.
Comment on Gumnar Jonsson : Institutions and Macroeconomic Outcomes-The Empirical Evidence

If a graph were drawn to represent the development of the price level during the last century, the following picture would emerge for all OECD countries: the price level was stable before World War I (i.e., during the gold standard) but has virtually exploded after World War 11. The inflation model of Barro and Gordon (1983) suggests that the high postwar inflation is due to higher employment ambitions (higher k in terms of Gunnar Jonsson's model) or stronger preferences for employment in relation to price stability (higher A), or both. I think this interpretation is correct. In my view, the same theory can explain why there has been a downward trend in inflation since 1980. I believe that employment ambitions have been lowered, both absolutely and in relation to the price stability target. Note, however, that if there has been a decline in the natural rate of employment during the last decade (lower x*), this would, ceteris parihus, lead to higher inflation according to the Barro-Gordon model. Changes in the policymakers' objective functions thus appear to be a necessary part of an explanation of our inflation history. Given government preferences, how important are institutions? Rogoff (1985) has suggested that the tendency to delegate monetary policy to "conservative and independent central bankers" can be understood as an attempt to lower the inflation bias which plagues governments that care about employment. This, in itself, is a positive theory of policy-making, just like the Barro-Gordon model is a positive theory of inflation. However, given that the government's objective function looks like the one
Urban Living Lab: What Is It, and What Is the Matter?

The research agenda for urban innovation and experimentation seems to find new momentum in recent times. The recent emergence of Urban Living Lab (ULL) is an example demonstrating such a trend. Against this background, this paper begins with the interest in clarifying what ULL is. Various sources offer many definitions of ULL, but these definitions often contain other illdefined concepts. This paper questions the ambiguity of temporality and spatiality that is contained by ULL’s emphasis on ‘real’ time and environment. There seems also oversimplification of ULL’s origin, which potentially hinders further in-depth investigation into its non-linear and complex emergence. The reflection on the political context indicates that political drivers of ULL may be hidden behind the immediate attention to its definitions and popular perceptions. The wide range of different empirical ULL cases in the UK arguably reflects the ambiguity of its meaning. Therefore, this paper suggests re-thinking about ULL and its emergence. The attempts to summarise and simplify ULL cannot effectively clarify its complexity in nature. Well-constructed questions can take ULL as a promising opportunity to enhance and materialise long-lasting sociological enquiries.
Left atrial strain in cardiovascular diseases : An overview of clinical applications

Thanks to the increasing evidence on the importance of left atrial (LA) function over LA dimensions to evaluate cardiovascular disease, and to the publication of multicenter data for reference values and to the recent European association of cardiovascular imaging (EACVI)/American society of echocardiography (ASE) consensus document for its standardization (1–3), LA strain by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is gaining visibility for the application in daily clinical practice. This parameter allows to analyze LA myocardial deformation and to recognize also concealed myocardial damage (4). Therefore, being non-invasive, quick and easy to perform, LA strain could offer precious information to basic echocardiography, with high diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, often comparable to other advanced imaging modalities (5). The aim of the present review is to discuss the clinical application of LA strain by STE based on the available evidence.
In vitro vasorelaxant and in vivo cardiovascular effects of S-nitrosothiols: comparison to and cross tolerance with standard nitrovasodilators.

The in vitro vasorelaxant and in vivo cardiovascular effects of synthetic S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) were compared to standard nitrovasodilators. S-Nitroso-glutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (NACysNO), S-nitroso-galactopyranose (GPSNO), S-nitroso-thioglycerol (TGSNO) and S-nitroso-homocysteine (HCysNO) relaxed phenylephrine (PE) contracted rabbit aorta at 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of 3-46 nM. While nitroglycerin (GTN) exhibited in vitro tolerance after preincubation, the RSNOs were considerably less cross tolerant to GTN. In conscious dogs, GSNO, NACysNO and GPSNO (1-20 mcg/kg/min i.v.) paralleled nitroprusside (SNP) in reducing mean arterial and central venous pressure (MAP; CVP) with mild tachycardia. GSNO, NACysNO and SNP were more hypotensive and more resistant to isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) cross tolerance than GTN. NACysNO showed mild self tolerance with low infusion (2.5 mcg/kg/min x 4h x 3 days) and blunted GTN's hypotension. These studies demonstrate that GSNO and NACysNO are SNP-like vasodilators in conscious dogs, which exhibit less cross tolerance to ISDN than GTN. Further, RSNOs relax vascular smooth muscle seemingly independent of nitric oxide (NO) liberation, and nitrate tolerance may involve reduced RSNO formation or NO release rather than desensitized guanylate cyclase (GC).
Pharmaceutical cocrystals of biguanide drugs: Metformin case study

US FD’s released draft guidelines for regulatory classification of pharmaceutical cocrystals (PCC) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) enforced by the increased interest for research on multicomponent crystal with pharmaceutical relevance brought an attention to scientiffic community broadly to spread the deffinition of PCC as solids that are crystalline single phase materials composed of two or more different molecular and/or ionic compounds generally in a stoichiometric ratio [1,2]. Well know antidiabetic drug metformin (MET) was chosen as drug model (DM) with basic property for cocrystallization with range of coformers (CF) from the classes of carboxylic and inorganic acids in order to prepare PCC. Following twelve PCC with metfomin were obtained: MET/ Acetic Acid1/1 (molar ratio) M/M; MET/ Maleic Acid 1/1 M/M; MET/Fumaric Acid 1/0.5 M/M; MET/Oxalic Acid Hydrate 1/1/1/ M/M/M; MET/Malonic Acid 1/1 M/M; MET/Succinic Acid 1/0.5 M/M; MET/Salicylic Acid 1/1 M/M; (7) MET/Picric Acid 1/1 M/M, (8) MET / Picric Acid 1/2 M/M and MET/Saccharine 1/1 M/M (obtained two polymorphic forms); MET/Phosphoric Acid/Dihydrate 2/1/2 M/M/M and MET/Nitric Acid 1/1 M/M. All these PCCs form a complex network of H-bonds and other intermolecular interactions. The systematic analysis of the molecular geometries and crystal packing indicate correlations between the intermolecular H-bonds with the ∆pKa values in the PCCs obtained.
Coefficient of Algebraic Relationship Between Linear Dimensions as Growth Deduction for Rainbow Sardine Dussumieria Acuta in the Bay of Bengal

The intercept as the coefficient of algebraic relationship between standard length (SL) and total length (TL), the two predominantly used linear dimensions of fin fish species, was referred to growth pattern deduction for rainbow sardine Dussumieriaacuta population in the Bay of Bengal. Monthly rainbow sardine samples were collected from the industrial fishing vessel in the Bay of Bengal over a period of a calendar year. The length-length relationship was formed algebraically as y=a+ bx. Linear relationship between SL and TL for male, female and unsexed populations was constructed separately. Chi-squared test affirmed that sex ratio between male and female did not deviate from the parity (P>0.05). The SL and TL ranges of male were 13.1-16.8and 16.4-20.7 cm respectively, they for female were13.4-17.2 and 16.5-20.9 cm respectively. Slope and intercept showed variation monthly in all length-length relationships regardless of sexes. The generalized SL-TL relationships of male, female and unsexed populations employing pooled data over the study period were TL=1.130SL+1.571 (R=0.908), TL=1.106SL+1.925 (R=0.911), and TL=1.114SL+1.825 (R=0.908) respectively. The correlation coefficients of all monthly and generalized regression analyses of all sex categories were very high (R≥0.786), a fact that explained the associations between two length dimensions were strongly related. Study revealed isometric growth for male in all months, while algometry was apparent for female and unsexed populations in a few months. Present findings of length-length relationship and growth pattern for D. acuta population in the Bay of Bengal would remain useful for future references. Res. Agric. , Livest. Fish.7(3): 545-551, December 2020
Efecto residual de Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis en el control de Aedes aegypti en Honduras

Introducción: El Aedes aegypti es el principal vector de transmisión del dengue, el chikungunya y el Zika. Honduras presenta una gran carga de morbilidad secundaria a estas arbovirosis. La bacteria de suelo Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti) se ha utilizado como una herramienta de control de la larva de Ae. Aegypti. Se necesita estudios para describir y vigilar aquellas variables que afectan su eficacia. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el impacto de la renovación del agua en el efecto residual de Bti en el control de Aedes aegypti en Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental. Las unidades de análisis fueron larvas de los estadios III y IV de Aedes aegypti, recolectadas en Tegucigalpa durante febrero a abril del 2015. Se analizaron dos dosis distintas de Bti (2.5 mg/L y 5 mg/L) en recipientes sin recambio de agua, con recambio cada 2 días y cada 7 días. Se realizaron 4 réplicas con Bti y 4 controles por cada dosis analizada en los bioensayos durante un periodo de 64 días. Resultados: A mayor recambio de agua menor fue el efecto residual de Bti. La mortalidad se mantuvo por encima del 90% por 13 días, tanto para las distintas dosis como para la frecuencia de recambio. Conclusión: Los datos del estudio muestran que el recambio de agua como el que pudiera ocurrir en ciertos escenarios domésticos, tiene una influencia negativa en el efecto residual de Bti. Es importante tener en cuenta estos hallazgos cuando se use el Bti como estrategia de control del vector.
Relative Performance Concern on DC Pension Plan under Heston Model with Inflation Risk

With the global outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, more and more countries have entered the state of sealing off cities. After the epidemic, with the shortage of some materials, the economy is very likely to enter the state of inflation. Thereby, it is necessary and urgent for us to reconsider investment problems involving inflation risk. In this paper, we mainly study the optimal investment strategy of two defined contribution (DC) pension managers with strategy interaction under inflation risk. The traditional portfolio literatures mainly focus on DC pension plan and try to maximize the expected utility of terminal nominal wealth. In this paper, we consider the more complicated situation that pension managers have, both concerns on relative wealth and relative risk aversion. Then, the objective function is constructed to satisfy these two concerns. The dynamic programming principle method is employed to solve the above problems, and a series of analytical solutions to this problem are obtained. Finally, some numerical examples are discussed for the economic implications to support our theoretical results.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Water Cooled Minichannel Heat Sink Using Different Fluid Flow Geometries

Efficient heat transfer for compact electronic components has become a major need in these days. For this purpose, we require a minichannel heat sink with a liquid cooling system that makes these requirements as possible. In this work, both analytical and CFD investigations have been carried out to calculate the heat transfer performance of a minichannel heat sink consisting of cross sections with three different shapes of a rectangular, trapezoidal and hexagonal in which working fluid is made to flow. The simulation is conducted with water as the working fluid for three different shapes with Reynolds number ranging from 200 to 1000 and analyzed numerically for the single-phase laminar flow with the boundary condition of constant heat flux. The channel dimensions and inlet velocity effects on the Nusselt number, pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficient are studied. The 3D steady-state, laminar flow, and governing equations of heat transfer are solved using the finite volume method by commercial ICEM-Fluent software.
Equivalent Circuit Modeling of a Dual-Gate Graphene FET

This paper presents a simple and comprehensive model of a dual-gate graphene field effect transistor (FET). The quantum capacitance and surface potential dependence on the top-gate-to-source voltage were studied for monolayer and bilayer graphene channel by using equivalent circuit modeling. Additionally, the closed-form analytical equations for the drain current and drain-to-source voltage dependence on the drain current were investigated. The distribution of drain current with voltages in three regions (triode, unipolar saturation, and ambipolar) was plotted. The modeling results exhibited better output characteristics, transfer function, and transconductance behavior for GFET compared to FETs. The transconductance estimation as a function of gate voltage for different drain-to-source voltages depicted a proportional relationship; however, with the increase of gate voltage this value tended to decline. In the case of transit frequency response, a decrease in channel length resulted in an increase in transit frequency. The threshold voltage dependence on back-gate-source voltage for different dielectrics demonstrated an inverse relationship between the two. The analytical expressions and their implementation through graphical representation for a bilayer graphene channel will be extended to a multilayer channel in the future to improve the device performance.