Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of reinforced concrete continuous deep beams

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio del comportamiento de las vigas continuas de gran peralto de hormigon armado mediante simulacion numerica. Los resultados obtenidos del analisis numerico son calibrados y validados a partir de resultados experimentales existentes en la bibliografia internacional. En la modelacion se considera un modelo bilineal con criterio de rotura de Von Mises para el acero de refuerzo y un Modelo de Dano Plastico para el hormigon, lograndose buena correspondencia entre los resultados numericos y experimentales de referencia. Esta adecuada calibracion del esquema fisico-mecanico de la experimentacion permite estudiar numericamente diferentes factores geometricos y configuraciones del refuerzo. Del analisis numerico se observa la influencia del refuerzo principal y vertical en la capacidad de carga de estas estructuras, siendo mas significativo el aporte del refuerzo vertical en vigas con mayor relacion luz de cortante-peralto efectivo (a/d). Se analizan esquemas de vigas continuas de gran peralto con aberturas circulares en el alma, mostrandose las posiciones favorables para la ubicacion de estas aberturas y su influencia directa en la reduccion de la capacidad de carga para esquemas con carga concentrada y con carga distribuida.
Dynamic elasticities of tax revenue: evidence from the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT Tax revenue elasticities with respect to tax bases are key parameters for the modeling of public finances. Yet the existing studies estimating these elasticities for emerging countries disregard the effects of tax reforms on tax revenue, which renders their estimates inconsistent. We introduce a framework for estimating both short- and long-run tax revenue elasticities using quarterly data adjusted for the effects of reforms. Our results suggest that the long-run elasticities in the Czech Republic are 1.4 for wage tax, 0.9 for value added tax, 1.7 for profit tax and 1 for social security contributions. The adjustment process for value added tax and social security contributions is fast, but for the remaining two categories, it is important to distinguish between the short- and long-run elasticities: the initial response of revenue to changes in the bases is weak. In the case of wage tax it takes half a year for the elasticity to surpass unity.
Extensive reproductive rhythm and early weaning improve body condition and fertility of rabbit does

Cette etude a eu pour objectif d'evaluer l'influence respective du rythme de reproduction (R), d'une insemination artificielle (AI) le 11 e ou le 25 e jour apres la mise bas, et de l'âge des lapereaux au sevrage (W) a 23 ou a 35 jours de lactation, sur l'evolution de l'etat corporel et les performances de reproduction des lapines. Immediatement apres la premiere parturition, 12 lapines ont ete choisies pour l'abattage initial. Les 234 lapines primipares restantes ont ete reparties a leur premiere parturition dans quatre groupes experimentaux : AI11W23, AI11W35, AI25W23 et AI25W35. Des femelles representatives de chacun des groupes experimentaux ont ete sacrifiees tout au long du cycle de reproduction pour evaluer leur performance de reproduction ou leur etat corporel. Lorsque l'insemination artificielle a ete realisee 25 jours au lieu de 11 jours apres la mise bas, le poids des principaux depots adipeux dissecables a ete plus faible a l'insemination (67 g vs. 98 g dans les groupes R25 et Rll respectivement; P < 0,001). Mais le poids de ces principaux depots adipeux a ete plus eleve (+27,3 %; P < 0,001) dans le groupe R25 que dans le groupe R11 a la seconde mise bas. De la premiere mise bas a l'AI, le bilan energetique des femelles a ete positif dans le groupe R25 et negatif dans le groupe R11 (+847 kJ·kg -0.75 vs. -729 kJ·kg -0.75 dans les groupes R25 et Rll respectivement; P < 0.015). De plus, les femelles R25 ont eu une receptivite sexuelle superieure (+24 points; P < 0.001), et un taux de gestation accru (+16 points; P < 0.05) par rapport aux femelles R11. D'autre part, la viabilite foetale (+5,4 %; P < 0.05) a ete superieure dans le groupe R25 compare au groupe Rll alors que le nombre d'ovules pondus, le nombre de lapereaux nes vivants et le poids de la portee a la naissance n'ont pas ete affectes par le rythme de reproduction. Un sevrage plus precoce n'a pas affecte les performances de reproduction des femelles, mais a limite de facon importante la mobilisation des reserves corporelles lipidiques (-35 % vs. -54 % dans les groupes W23 et W35 respectivement; P < 0,001) et a augmente le gain de poids vif (+135 g vs. -32 g, P < 0,005), de poids vif vide (+78 g vs. -93 g, P < 0.001) et de poids de carcasse degraissee (+79 g vs. -19 g; P < 0,001) de la premiere a la seconde mise bas. Ces resultats demontrent que limiter la sollicitation nutritionnelle des lapines en reduisant la duree de la lactation ou le temps de superposition de la lactation et de la gestation, reduit la mobilisation des principales reserves adipeuses dissecables des femelles primipares. Les effets du rythme de reproduction et de l'âge au sevrage sur l'etat corporel s'additionnent.
Dissipation in Turbulent Flows

This article reviews evidence concerning the cornerstone dissipation scaling of turbulence theory: � = CU 3 /L, with C� = const. , � the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy U 2 ,a ndL an integral length scale characterizing the energy-containing turbulent eddies. This scaling is intimately linked to the Richardson-Kolmogorov equilibrium cascade. Accumulating evidence shows that a significant nonequilibrium region exists in various turbulent flows in which the energy spectrum has Kolmogorov's −5/3 wave-number scaling over a wide wave-number range, yet C� ∼ Re m /Re n ,w ithm ≈ 1 ≈ n, Re I a global/inlet Reynolds number, and ReL a local turbulence Reynolds number.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Risk mapping for avian influenza: a social-ecological problem Estimating Dynamic Risk Factors for Pathogen Transmission Using Community-Level Bird Census Data at the Wildlife/Domestic Interface

The ecology of host species is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of pathogen transmission and spread in complex multi-host systems. In this article, we use detailed observations of the host community to develop and apply a new approach to mapping temporal variation in risk for avian influenza. Working in an extensive wetland system near Harare, Zimbabwe, we use the overlap in space and time of highly variable bird communities, combined with ecological risk factors, to assess the risk of Avian Influenza viruses (AIV) maintenance and transmission between bird populations. The estimated introduction and maintenance risks associated with waterfowl populations at a given time are then multiplied by the level of interactions with neighboring domestic production systems during the same period. This approach is used to develop hypotheses for the dynamics of the introduction and circulation of AIV strains in waterfowl populations and as a way of understanding the potential role of "bridge" species at the wild/ domestic interface. The novel approach presented here offers a potentially useful way to explore AIV risk, identify which wild bird species may be acting as reservoirs or vectors of pathogens at a local scale, and improve local surveillance.
Autistic Savants: Making Child Really Special

The paper is about highlighting phenomenon of ‘savant syndrome’ among autistic children. Author starts with defining and explaining the term autism as viewed in special education followed by ‘theory of mind’ as an attempt to explain autism. Then author puts forward case of ‘idiot savants’, more accurately ‘autistic savants’ as a contradiction to the ‘theory of mind’ explanation. The terms ‘idiot savant’ and ‘autistic savant’ are explained in terms of origin and reasons. Various savant skills possessed by autistic children are illustrated with real life examples to prove the point that autistic savants are really exceptional.it was stressed that an autistic child is a blend of deep deficits and super abilities. In the end paper explains that there need to be an individual education program (IEP) for attending autism related deficits and a spring board program for nurturing, expression and utilizing savant skills. The paper concludes autistic savant is a case of blessing in disguise and should be used for benefit of the child and society.
Survey of Novel Process for Domain Adaptation and Cost Sensitive Online Classification in Data Mining

In the society of machine learning and data mining, online learning and cost-sensitive classification are two topics which are very widely studied. Though those topics are very widely studied but important problem like Cost-Sensitive Online Classification is studied very inadequately. In age of big data, there is an urgent need of developing a technique to mine fast increasing data. There are many methods which are extensively studied for machine learning. Main aim of online learning is learn more forecast model which will make correct forecasts/predictions on the flow of examples which will arrive consecutively. Online learning is beneficial because it has high efficiency and scalability. Online learning has been used for solving online classification tasks. These tasks include a wide range of real-world data mining applications. Many Online learning techniques have been implemented for online classification tasks. For example: Perceptron algorithm, Passive-aggressive (PA) learning. Although it is broadly studied, already implemented techniques are not appropriate for cost-sensitive classification tasks. Misclassification costs need to be focused in cost-sensitive classification tasks. Most of already implemented online learning methods are depended on online classification algorithm.
The National Regulatory Structure Against the Background of the European Regulatory System

States and their representatives, national governments, play a key role in national telecommunication markets. As lawmakers, they determine the playing field of the agents in the markets and the decision powers of national regulators. Simultaneously, they are involved in appointing presidential chambers of national regulators. On the other hand, governments keep shares in regulated companies and support single infrastructure projects based on financial and legal state aid measures. Therefore, European Union regulatory frameworks require a strict separation of tasks between national ministries. However, the European Commission has repeatedly criticized member states for in-transparency and insufficient separations of tasks in national implementation. While the Second Regulatory Package balanced competition and investment aims, the new Regulatory Package implemented in December 2009 dedicates a higher weight to the role of infrastructure quality as a driver of service innovations. Moreover, national regulators become more independent, and former national regulation tasks are partially shifted to the pan-European level. In consequence, the role of governments also changes. I discuss the transposition process of Regulatory Packages to national laws and how they have been implemented on the national level to learn more about how the new Regulatory Package will affect the national situation and the European integration process.
ENAMEL DEMINERALIZATION AROUND BONDED ORTHDONTIC APPLIANCES USING RESIN COATINGS

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . ix INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose of this Study . 3 White Spot Lesions and Orthodontics . 5 Demineralization Process . 7 Decalcification Prevalence in Orthodontic Patients.8 Decreasing Decalcification in Orthodontic Patients . 10 Manual Products Fluoride . 11 Mechanism of Action Fluoride Products Bonding Systems Incorporating Fluoride . 15 Enamel Coatings and Sealants . 16 New Materials . 17 Present Study . 18 MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design . 19 Statistical Analysis . 24 RESULTS . 25 DISCUSSION . 28
Atomic data and the spectrum of the solar photosphere.

Even though the solar photospheric abundances are now on the whole in very good agreement with the meteoritic values, some problems remain which will only be solved with a higher level of accuracy in the atomic data, especially the transition probabilities for faint lines. We justify this request for many more very accurate gf-values through a few particularly striking points.
Forests of Latent Tree Models for Genome-Wide Association Studies

With the finalization of the Human Genome Project in 2003, it was confirmed that any two individuals share, on average, 99.9% of their genome with each other. It is the sole 0.1% genetic variations that explain why individuals are physically different or inherit a greater risk of contracting disorders, such as heart disease or cancer. Therefore, identifying the genetic factors underlying disease can potentially play a crucial role in developing new treatments and has been one of the main focus of human genetics research during the last thirty years (Hechter, 2011). Among different approaches that have been proposed, association study stands out as one of the most successful path, even though its potential is yet to be fully tapped. During the past decades, a great deal of effort has been put into the investigation of heritable susceptibility to complex diseases which, contrary to rare monogenic disorders, are thought to be affected by, not a single one, but multiple genetic variants. In effect, according to a hypothesis known as common diseases common variants (CDCV), it is conjectured that most of the risk of common disorders, such as cancers, could be explained by common variations in several genes. Since these variants are common, they are susceptible to detection using association studies. Traditionally, the strategies for association study involve performing analysis with only a small number of loci (DNA locations) pre-chosen with the help of prior knowledge. For example, fine-mapping studies are conducted only in a pre-selected candidate region of 1-10Mb (one Mb equals 106 nucleotides). Thanks to new advances in techniques for genotyping and sequencing genomes, researchers started to work on seeking genetic variations potentially associated to common diseases throughout the entire genome (GWAS). In the following years, the HapMap Project and its successor, the 1000 Genomes Project, were launched with the hope to establish a catalogue of human genome regions in which people of different populations have differences. In a nutshell, GWASs seek to identify combinations of markers (DNA sequence with a known location) whose frequency vary systematically between individuals with different disease states (Balding, 2006). Its most basic form consists in comparing allele frequencies in cases and controls, as depicted in Figure 1, on data of generally large size (hundreds of millions genetic variants from thousands of people). The goal is to identify the loci on the genome for which the distributions of observations are significantly different, using statistical tests (e.g. the Chi2 test). In that case, we have reasons to believe that the gene affecting the trait might be located somewhere in the neighborhood of the pinpointed region. The unit variants, called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (single base-pair changes in the DNA sequence), are very often used as markers in GWASs. SNPs are by far the most abundant type of variant in human.
Social Media Metrics as Indicators of Broader Impact

Over the last five years, heterogeneous social media metrics related to scholarly communication—socalled “altmetrics” (Priem et al., 2010)—have begun to be used as indicators of the impact of scientific publications and of other research products. These metrics include, for example, number of tweets, mentions in blogs, Mendeley readership, presence in policy documents, usage of code on GitHub, or views of presentations on SlideShare. Altmetrics have been promoted, in large part, by the increasing use of social media and other online tools for the dissemination of scholarly material by scholars (Van Noorden, 2014), as well as by data producers that aim at creating a market for these indicators. Simultaneously, there has been a strong demand by research funders and policy makers for scholars to demonstrate the impact of research “beyond academia” (HEFCE, 2011; Viney, 2013; Wildson et al., 2015). Altmetrics have been heralded as a potential source of this impact (Bornmann, 2014). However, serious concerns relating to the reliability and validity of these indicators have been raised (Wouters & Costas, 2012; Haustein, 2016), particularly in regards to their use to demonstrate societal impact. The extant literature has focused largely on coverage and correlative analyses—investigating the degree to which various altmetrics correlate with and predict citation counts (e.g., Coastas, Zahedi, & Wouters, 2014; Eysenbach, 2011; Haustein et al., 2014; Haustein, Costas, & Larivière, 2015; Shuai, Pepe, & Bollen, 2012). The low correlations found in most of these studies speak to something novel that is captured in these metrics. Scholars have been quick, therefore, to label social media metrics as an indicator of the “broader impact” of science, demonstrating the impact of science upon the lay public. However, despite a robust literature on the topic of scholarly use of social media and social media metrics (Sugimoto et al., 2016), there remain many misconceptions on this topic. The use of these metrics under these potentially flawed assumptions has several critical consequences for the conduct and reward of science. Therefore, for the purpose of this plenary debate, we will present key provocations on this topic and associated evidence in order to promote informed dialogue on the topic.
Extending the stepladder technique: An examination of self-paced stepladder groups.

The stepladder technique was developed to facilitate group effectiveness by sequentially entering members into a group. Unlike past research where the experimenter regulated the entry of members into a group (Rogelberg, Bames-Farrell, & Lowe, 1992), this study examined 26 4-person stepladder groups that proceeded through the stepladder process at a self-determined pace (i.e., group members decide how much time to take at each step). Self-pacing stepladder groups produced significantly higher quality group decisions than did the 26 4-person conventional groups studied. Furthermore, members with the best individual decisions in self-pacing stepladder groups, on average, exerted the greatest amount of influence in their respective groups and had more influence on group decision quality than best members in conventional groups.
Chapter 11 Mixed-initiative content creation

Algorithms can generate game content, but so can humans. And while PCG algorithms can generate some kinds of game content remarkably well and extremely quickly, some other types (and aspects) of game content are still best made by humans. Can we combine the advantages of procedural generation and human creation somehow? This chapter discusses mixed-initiative systems for PCG, where both humans and software have agency and co-create content. A small taxonomy is presented of different ways in which humans and algorithms can collaborate, and then three mixed-initiative PCG systems are discussed in some detail: Tanagra, Sentient Sketchbook, and Ropossum. 11.1 Taking a step back from automation Many PCG methods discussed so far in this book have focused on fully automated content generation. Mixed-initiative procedural content generation covers a broad range of generators, algorithms, and tools which share one common trait: they require human input in order to be of any use. While most generators require some initial setup, whether it’s as little as a human pressing “generate”, or providing configuration and constraints on the output, mixed-initiative PCG automates only part of the process, requiring significantly more human input during the generation process than other forms of PCG. As the phrase suggests, both a human creator and a computational creator “take the initiative” in mixed-initiative PCG systems. However, there is a sliding scale on the type and impact of each of these creators’ initiative. For instance, one can argue that a human novelist using a text editor on their computer is a mixed-initiative process, with the human user providing most of the initiative but the text editor facilitating their process (spell-checking, word counting or choosing when to end a line). At the other extreme, the map generator in Civilization V (Firaxis 2014) is a mixed-initiative process, since the user provides a number of desired properties of
Non-contact measurement of ocular microtremor using laser speckle

The human eye moves continuously even while it appears to be at rest. The involuntary eye movements causing this motion are called fixational eye movements. Ocular Microtremor (OMT) is the smallest (150 - 2500nm amplitude) and fastest (~ 80Hz) of these eye movements. OMT has been proven to provide useful clinical information regarding depth of consciousness and neurological disorders. Most quantitative clinical investigations of OMT have been carried out using an eye-contacting piezoelectric probe. However, this measurement procedure suffers from a number of disadvantages which limit the potential of the technique in the clinical environment. The need for eye contact requires the eye to be anaesthetised and not all subjects can tolerate the procedure. A promising alternative to the piezoelectric technique is speckle metrology. A speckle correlation instrument for measuring OMT was first described by Al-Kalbani et al. The approach presented in this paper is a non contact measurement technique implementing laser speckle correlation and using a highly light sensitive video camera operating at 500Hz. The OMT measurement technique in this paper was investigated using a human subject and an eye movement simulator. Using this system, measurement of speckle on the eye takes only a few minutes, no eye drops are necessary and no discomfort is caused to the subject. The paper describes the preliminary results of capturing speckle from the simulator and from the human eye in-vivo at eye safe laser powers. The effects of tear flow, biospeckle and speckle shifting by larger eye movements on the displacement information carried by the speckle are also discussed.
STUDIES ON THE PEROXISOMAL MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME TYPE-1 Domain structure with special reference to the hydratase / isomerase fold TIILA-RIIKKA KIEMA

The peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type-1 (perMFE-1) is a monomeric protein of β-oxidation possessing 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase-1, ∆3-∆ 2-enoyl-CoA isomerase, and (3S)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. The amino-terminal part of perMFE-1 shows sequence similarity to mitochondrial 2-enoyl-CoA hydratases (ECH-1) and ∆3-∆ 2-enoyl-CoA isomerases, and belongs to the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. Family members with known structures are either homotrimers or homohexamers. The purpose of this work was to elucidate the structure-function relationship of the rat perMFE-1 with special reference to the hydratase/isomerase fold. The structural adaptations required for binding of a long chain fatty acyl-CoA were studied with rat ECH-1 via co-crystallization with octanoyl-CoA. The crystal structure revealed that the long chain fatty acyl-CoA is bound in an extended conformation. This is possible because, a flexible loop moves aside and opens a tunnel, which traverses the subunit from the solvent space to the intertrimer