Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conventional crop management effects on soil organic matter characteristics

Effets d'un systeme de culture conventionnel sur la matiere organique du sol. Nous avons evalue dans des sols mediterraneens, apres de nombreuses annees, les effets de quatre systemes conventionnels de mise en valeur (prairie naturelle NG, orangeraie OG, ble d'hiver WW, plantes maraicheres HC) sur la fraction active de la matiere organique, afin de determiner les meilleurs indicateurs de qualite des sols. Les analyses retenues pour caracteriser la teneur en carbone du sol ont ete: le total (TOC), la fraction legere (LCF), les carbohydrates hydrolysables en milieu acide et hydrosolubles (AHG-C et WSC-C), les phenols (PC). et enfin le C de la biomasse (MB-C), ainsi que les quotients metaboliques qCO 2 et qD. Les resultats montrent que les pratiques culturales pour le ble et les cultures maraicheres (WW et HC), entrainent une diminution des differentes fractions du C a cause du labourage annuel et du faible apport de dechets agricoles, comparativement a la prairie naturelle (NG). L'orangeraie (OG) qui a recu la matiere organique des mauvaises herbes enterrees et qui n'avait pas ete travaillee durant sept ans, presente des resultats intermediaires. Parmi les indicateurs retenus, LCF & Q semblent etre les meilleurs pour mettre en evidence les changements quantitatifs qui dependent des pratiques agricoles. Cependant, il faut noter que lorsque les quantites des differentes fractions du C sont calculees en pourcentage du carbone total (TOC), la plupart des differences entre les modes de culture disparaissent.
Dynamics of political information transmission: How media coverage informs public judgments about politics

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The Effect of Shareholders’ Conflict over Dividend Policy on Accounting Conservatism: Evidence from Public Firms in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of conflict of interests between majority and minority shareholders over dividend policy on accounting conservatism. Shareholders conflict is proxied by dividend and majority shareholders’ control rights. The research is done on firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sample is determined by purposive sampling, consisting of 253 observations. The results of multivariate regression analysis with panel data regression techniques show that dividends have positive effect on accounting conservatism. Majority shareholders’ control rights also affect accounting conservatism. These results deepen the empirical evidence for Agency Theory from Agency Conflict Type II and prove that accounting conservatism made by management on concentrated ownership is under the control of majority shareholders. Therefore, majority shareholders can increase their utilities through the hands of management. Keywords : Agency Conflict Type II, Accounting Conservatism, Dividend Payout Ratio, Control Rights.
Effects of sucrose and ammonium nitrate on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase activities in wheat ears

The effects of sucrose and ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) levels on the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in ear organs (glume and grain), and on grain mass and nitrogen concentration were investigated using a culture of detached ears of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results showed that PEPC and Rubisco activities in the glume and grain, as well as grain mass and grain nitrogen accumulation differentially increased as sucrose and NH 4 NO 3 levels increased. Grain N concentration progressively increased as the NH 4 NO 3 level increased, but decreased as sucrose level increased. Correlation analysis showed that PEPC activity in the glume and grain was positively correlated with grain N concentration. These results suggest that PEPC and Rubisco can be manipulated by external C and N supplies, and PEPC may play an important role in grain protein accumulation.
DOES THE SULPHUR FERTILIZATION MODIFY MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM CONTENT IN POTATO TUBERS (Solanum tuberosum L.)

In case of sulphur shortage in the soil that element has a significant impact on yields of plants and their quality. The objective of the work was the impact of sulphur fer- tilization on content of Mg and Ca in the dry-mass and in yield of dry-mass of potato tu- ber. Experience in the field of potato head was in the years 2004-2006 by applying differ- ent kinds of sulphur (elemental and K2SO4) and rate (0, 25 and 50 kg�� ha -1 ). The content of Mg and Ca in the dry mass and Mg content in yield of dry mass of potato tuber was sig- nificantly determined by S fertilization. The highest content of Mg and Ca was found when using 25 kg S·ha -1 in elemental kind and 50 kg S·ha -1 in elemental and sulphur kind. Mg content in yield of dry mass of tubers increased S-elemental fertilization regardless of the rate, while this parameter of Ca no depended on S-fertilization. Sulphur fertilization in sulphate kind increased content S-SO4 in the soil, while S-elemental fertilization in rate 50 kg·ha -1 decreased pH value of soil. Negatively correlation was between pH value of soil and Mg content in dry-mass of tuber. Negatively correlation was also between pH value of soil and Ca content in yield of dry mass of potato tubers.
Quasi-Equiangular Frame (QEF) : A New Flexible Configuration of Frame

Frame theory is a powerful tool in the domain of signal processing and communication. Among its numerous configurations, the ones which have drawn much attention recently are Equiangular Tight Frame (ETF) and Grassmannian Frame. These frames both have some kind of optimality in coherence, thus bring robustness or optimal performance in applications such as digital fingerprint, erasure channels, and Compressive Sensing. However, too strict constraint on existence and construction of ETF and Grassmannian Frame became the main obstacle for widespread use. In this paper, we propose a new configuration of frame: Quasi-Equiangular Frame, as a compromise but more convenient and flexible approximation of ETF and Grassmannian Frame. We will give formal definition of Quasi-Equiangular Frame and analyze its relationship with ETF and Grassmannian frame. Furthermore, for popularity of ETF and Grassmannian frame in Compressive Sensing, we utilize the technique of random matrices to obtain asymptotical concentration estimation of the Restricted Isometry Constant (RIC) of Quasi-Equiangular Frame with respect to its key parameter.
Integrated multi-wavelength transmitter using filtered-feedback

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E cient Cryptosystems From 2 k -th Power Residue Symbols ?

Goldwasser and Micali (1984) highlighted the importance of randomizing the plaintext for public-key encryption and introduced the notion of semantic security. They also realized a cryptosystem meeting this security notion under the standard complexity assumption of deciding quadratic residuosity modulo a composite number. The Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem is simple and elegant but is quite wasteful in bandwidth when encrypting large messages. A number of works followed to address this issue and proposed various modifications. This paper revisits the original Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem using 2 k -th power residue symbols. The so-obtained cryptosystems appear as a very natural generalization for k 2 (the case k = 1 corresponds exactly to the Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem). Advantageously, they are e cient in both bandwidth and speed; in particular, they allow for fast decryption. Further, the cryptosystems described in this paper inherit the useful features of the original cryptosystem (like its homomorphic property) and are shown to be secure under a similar complexity assumption. As a prominent application, this paper describes an e cient lossy trapdoor function based thereon.
GERMAN CREDIT RISKS CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES

Support Vector Machines (SVM) is one of the most popular classification algorithms. SVM penalty parameter and the kernel parameters have high impact over the classification performance and the complexity of the algorithm. So, this brings the problem of choosing the suitable values for SVM parameters. This problem can be solved using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) are new meta-heuristic algorithms. SSA is a swarm algorithm that is inspired from a mechanism salps forming in deep ocean called salp chain. CSA algorithm is inspired by the intelligent behavior of crows. In this paper, SVM parameter optimization is done using SSA and CSA. German Credit dataset from the UCI data repository is used for the experiments. All experiments results are gathered from a 10-fold cross validation block. Evaluation criteria determined as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC. SSA and CSA gave accuracy results of 0.72±4.62 and 0.71±3.53 respectively. Also, ROC curves and box plots of the algorithms are given. CSA algorithm draws better graphs.
Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases: Lecture Notes of the Les Houches Summer School: Volume 94, July 2010

This chapter gives an introduction to the physics of interacting quantum systems, both bosonic and fermionic. Section 1.2 introduces the physics of quantum particles in periodic lattices. Section 1.3 examines, for the case of bosons, how the combined effects of lattice and interaction can turn the system into an insulator, the so-called Mott insulator, and discusses the corresponding physics. Section 1.4 discusses what happens when the system is one-dimensional. Section 1.5 moves on to the case of fermions. It discusses first Fermi-liquid theory and the concept of quasi-particles, Landau’s description of the low-energy excitations of interacting fermion systems. Section 1.6 shows how, like the method for bosons, the combination of a lattice and strong interactions can turn a Fermi liquid into a Mott insulator. Section 1.7 looks at the properties of one-dimensional fermions, shows how Fermi liquid theory fails because low-energy excitations are now collective modes instead of quasi-particles, and examines the corresponding physics for both the conducting and insulating phases. Finally, Section 1.8 draws some conclusions and give some perspectives.
Empirical Bayes scaling of Gaussian priors in the white noise model

The performance of nonparametric estimators is heavily dependent on a bandwidth parameter. In nonparametric Bayesian methods this parameter can be specified as a hyperparameter of the nonparametric prior. The value of this hyperparameter may be made dependent on the data. The empirical Bayes method is to set its value by maximizing the marginal likelihood of the data in the Bayesian framework. In this paper we analyze a particular version of this method, common in practice, that the hyperparameter scales the prior variance. We characterize the behavior of the random hyperparameter, and show that a nonparametric Bayes method using it gives optimal recovery over a scale of regularity classes. This scale is limited, however, by the regularity of the unscaled prior. While a prior can be scaled up to make it appropriate for arbitrarily rough truths, scaling cannot increase the nominal smoothness by much. Surprisingy the standard empirical Bayes method is even more limited in this respect than an oracle, deterministic scaling method. The same can be said for the hierarchical Bayes method.
Role of social networking sites in recruitment – organization's perspective

Indian organizations face many challenges from globalization, the changes in the society need to be considered while implementing decisions in the organization. One of the important decisions lies in the identification of suitable human resources for their organization i.e., nothing but recruitment. The age old techniques and practices of recruitment is gradually giving way to new and modern techniques of acquiring and building a talent pool for various industries. Social networking sites have become a rage among the young professionals today, even the elderly professionals are also making use of social networking into their field. With more and more people spending a substantial portion of their productive time on social networking sites, it has given a new turn to recruitment trends for the organizations. The social media recruiting is here to stay and with the combined efforts of both the recruiters as well as the job seekers it will revolutionize the recruitment metrics and practices. As of now in order to reap the benefits of this medium, we need to run it in tandem with other recruitment channels as well. However, its success and importance will depend on the reach, cost and the kind of people it attracts.
Fatores ambientais e parâmetros genéticos para características produtivas e reprodutivas em um rebanho nelore no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

The objective of the present work was to investigate the effects of some genetic and environmental factors on production (weaning weight WW; eighteen month weight W18) and reproduction (scrotal perimeter at 18 months SP18; calving interval CI; age at first calving AFC; True fertility TF, calving date CD) traits in a Nellore cattle herd in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The observations were analysed using the least squares methodology, and the statistical models included the fixed effects: year (YB) and month (MB) of calving, interaction YB*MB, sex (S) of animal (except for W18, SP18 and AFC) and calving number. Significant effects were found for all factors studied on WW, and animals born in August (179 kg) and December (156 kg) had highest and lowest WW respectively. The male calves (174 kg) were heavier at weaning than females (162 kg), a difference of 7.4% in favour of males. No tendency was observed in terms of mean values over the years for this trait. W18 was influenced only by birth year, with a mean value of 281.0 kg. Only calving number did not influence Scrotal perimeter (SP18), which had a mean value of 26.8 cm. The mean CI was 465 days, and all effects were significant, except for calf sex. TF was significantly influenced by all effects studied, and had a mean value of 144 kg. Age at first calving was high (1.279 days or 41.93 months) and influenced by month and year of calving. In terms of calving date, month and year were significant effects, as was the interaction between these effects but sex and calving number did not affect this trait. Based on estimates of heritability, permanent environment, as well as on genetic and phenotypic correlations, estimated using MTDFREML, it was concluded that these traits should respond to direct selection, except for RF and AFP. Genetic correlations between production traits were favourable, indicating the possibility of genetic progress through indirect selection.
Population genetics and abundance of the Endangered grey-headed lemur Eulemur cinereiceps in south-east Madagascar: assessing risks for fragmented and continuous populations

Abstract Knowledge of both population size and genetic diversity is critical for assessing extinction risk but few studies include concurrent estimates of these two components of population biology. We conducted an investigation of population density and size, and genetic variation and past demographic events, of the Endangered grey-headed lemur Eulemur cinereiceps in south-east Madagascar. We estimated lemur density using line-transect surveys and used satellite imagery to calculate forest fragment area in three localities. We collected tissue samples from 53 individuals and used 26 polymorphic microsatellite loci to obtain measures of population structure (divergence and diversity) across these localities. We tested the probability of past bottleneck events using three models. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant differences in population density across localities. Genetic diversity decreased, but not significantly, with decreasing habitat area and population size. We found a higher likelihood of past bottleneck events in the fragmented coastal populations. The low population size and prior decline in diversity in coastal patches are consistent with their isolation, anthropogenic disturbance, and exposure to cyclone activity. The similarities in the estimates of density between continuous and fragmented sites may indicate recent population growth in the fragments but these populations nevertheless remain at risk from reduced levels of genetic variation. These patterns should be confirmed with more extensive sampling across the limited range of E. cinereiceps.
Distributed Learning Systems with First-Order Methods

Scalable and efficient distributed learning is one of the main driving forces behind the recent rapid advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence. One prominent feature of this topic is that recent progresses have been made by researchers in two communities: (1) the system community such as database, data management, and distributed systems, and (2) the machine learning and mathematical optimization community. The interaction and knowledge sharing between these two communities has led to the rapid development of new distributed learning systems and theory. In this work, we hope to provide a brief introduction of some distributed learning techniques that have recently been developed, namely lossy communication compression (e.g., quantization and sparsification), asynchronous communication, and decentralized communication. One special focus in this work is on making sure that it can be easily understood by researchers in both communities -- On the system side, we rely on a simplified system model hiding many system details that are not necessary for the intuition behind the system speedups; while, on the theory side, we rely on minimal assumptions and significantly simplify the proof of some recent work to achieve comparable results.
Inheritance of Seed Set in Crosses of Spring Barley and Hordeum bulbosum L

Seed set limits use of certain barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes in H. bulbosum L. doubled-haploid production. This study was conducted to determine the genetic basis of low seed set in the spring barley cultivar Apex crossed with H. bulbosum. Two hundred F 2 plants, all having Apex as one parent and either Havila, Krystal or Roland as the other parent, were crossed with one clone of H. bulbosum. Parameters of haploid production efficiency (seeds/100 florets, embryos/100 seeds, and plants/100 embryos), were measured(.)
Know More Say Less: Image Captioning Based on Scene Graphs

Automatically describing the content of an image has been attracting considerable research attention in the multimedia field. To represent the content of an image, many approaches directly utilize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract visual representations, which are fed into recurrent neural networks to generate natural language. Recently, some approaches have detected semantic concepts from images and then encoded them into high-level representations. Although substantial progress has been achieved, most of the previous methods treat entities in images individually, thus lacking structured information that provides important cues for image captioning. In this paper, we propose a framework based on scene graphs for image captioning. Scene graphs contain abundant structured information because they not only depict object entities in images but also present pairwise relationships. To leverage both visual features and semantic knowledge in structured scene graphs, we extract CNN features from the bounding box offsets of object entities for visual representations, and extract semantic relationship features from triples (e.g., man riding bike) for semantic representations. After obtaining these features, we introduce a hierarchical-attention-based module to learn discriminative features for word generation at each time step. The experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Detection techniques in operational technology infrastructure

In previous decades, cyber-attacks have not been considered a threat to critical infrastructure. However, as the Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) domains converge, the vulnerability of OT infrastructure is being exploited. Nation-states, cyber criminals and hacktivists are moving to benefit from economic and political gains. The OT network, i.e. Industrial Control System (ICS) is referred to within OT infrastructure as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). SCADA systems were introduced primarily to optimise the data transfer within OT network infrastructure. The introduction of SCADA can be traced back to the 1960’s, a time where cyber-attacks were not considered. Hence SCADA networks and associated systems are highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks which can ultimately result in catastrophic events. Historically, when deployed, intrusion detection systems in converged IT/OT networks are deployed and monitor the IT side of the network. While academic research into OT specific intrusion detection is not a new direction, application to real systems are few and lack the contextual information required to make intrusion detection systems actionable. This paper provides an overview of cyber security in OT SCADA networks. Through evaluating the historical development of OT systems and protocols, a range of current issues caused by the IT/OT convergence is presented. A number of publicly disclosed SCADA vulnerabilities are outlined, in addition to approaches for detecting attacks in OT networks. The paper concludes with a discussion of what the future of interconnected OT systems should entail, and the potential risks of continuing with an insecure design philosophy.