Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-1B as a Potential Physiological Inhibitor of Prostasin*

Prostasin is a trypsin-like serine protease that is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the epithelial cell surface, from where it can be released in a soluble form. We undertook a co-expression search using the Genesis Enterprise System Database from Gene Logic to identify prostasin inhibitors, on the assumption that prostasin and its natural inhibitors may have a similar gene expression pattern. We found the expression profile of prostasin in normal human tissues to correlate highly with hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1B (HAI-1B) and its splice variant HAI-1. Soluble HAI-1B (sHAI-1B), comprising the entire extracellular domain, formed a 1:1 complex with purified prostasin in protein binding assays and inhibited prostasin enzymatic activity with an IC50 of 66 ± 15 nm. Two sHAI-1B mutants with inactivated N- and C-terminal Kunitz domains (KD1 and KD2) were used to show that the interaction of sHAI-1B with prostasin is mediated by KD1. In agreement, KD1 (Thr246-Val303) alone potently inhibited prostasin activity (IC50 = 4.7 ± 0.5 nm). Furthermore, prostasin was isolated with two major HAI-1/1B fragments (40 and 58 kDa) from OVCAR3 cell medium, demonstrating that prostasin·HAI-1/1B complexes are formed naturally. Moreover, when prostasin and HAI-1B were co-expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, complexes of prostasin with HAI-1B were detected on the cell membrane as well as in the culture medium, suggesting that preformed complexes were shed from the cell surface. The identification of HAI-1B as a potential physiological regulator of prostasin function, as described herein, may further the investigation of the role of prostasin in normal physiology and cancer.
The influence of specialty training and experience on decision making in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

AIM The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic and treatment-planning decision making of cohorts of dental surgeons with different experiences and specialty backgrounds. METHODOLOGY Periapical radiographs of 20 teeth in patients referred for an opinion regarding the provision of endodontic surgical retreatment were taken using a paralleling technique and a film holder. The radiographs were photographed and black and white photographic prints produced to provide an image 10.5 times larger than the original radiograph. Each image was related to a clinical scenario. Each participant was asked to assess whether a periradicular lesion, as manifested by a radiolucency, was present and what clinical management would be prescribed. Ten participants in each of seven groups took part in the study. These groups were chosen to represent those dentists who were most likely to be involved in decision making in similar cases. RESULTS In 12 out of 20 cases interobserver agreement for radiographic analysis was 'excellent' (above 90%) or 'good' (between 70 and 90%). There was less agreement for treatment decisions than for radiographic analysis and the order of agreement for cases for diagnosis was not the same as for treatment. No case achieved 'excellent' percentage interobserver agreement. The average percentage interobserver agreement of the endodontists was significantly greater than the average percentage interobserver agreement for the other groups for both radiographic assessment and treatment decisions. CONCLUSIONS Differences in specialty backgrounds amongst the participants in this study affected both endodontic diagnostic and treatment decisions. Endodontists showed the most consistent agreement amongst the specialty groups.
House Dust Mite Sensitisation as a Risk Factor for Exacerbation of Asthma in the Fall

Purpose: Exposure and sensitisation to house dust mites (HDMs) are known to aggravate asthma. We aimed to determine whether sensitisation to HDM acts as a risk factor for asthma exacerbation in fall and we also investigated whether asthma exacerbation in the fall had any distinctive features by comparing various cytokines and chemokines with other seasons. Method: We measured the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), HDM-specific IgE (sIgE), and various cytokines and chemokines in those who visited the emergency department for acute asthma exacerbation and classified them according to the season. Findings: HDM-sIgE levels were higher in those presenting with asthma exacerbation in the fall. There was no difference in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between the fall and the other seasons. Conclusion: HDM sensitisation could be a risk factor for asthma exacerbation in the fall.
Agoraphobia, panic disorder and related conditions in the DSM-IIIR and ICD-10

Agoraphobia and panic disorder have received considerable attention since the publication of the DSM-III in 1980. Its revised version (DSM-IIIR) is about to appear, as is the new edition of the WHO classification-ICD-10. It is thus timely to compare the relevant diagnostic categories in these classifications (Table 1). Understanding their nuances can aid interpretation of the flood of recent research into agoraphobia and panic disorder. The term ’agoraphobia’ was coined by Westphal as long ago as 1870, while ’panic disorder’ appeared for the first time in DSM-III and in ICD-10. The DSM-IIIR splits agoraphobia into two categories, one with and one without panic disorder (300.21 and 300.22), and also has a category of panic disorder without agoraphobia (300.01). In ICD-10 agoraphobia and panic disorder are separate categories (F40.0 and F41.0). Both DSM-IIIR and ICD-10 split panic disorder from generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) (300.02, F41.0); the ICD-9 made no such distinction, using the single term ’anxiety state’ to cover both categories. The uneasy DSM-IIIR split of both agoraphobia and panic disorder into two categories-one for agoraphobia alone, one for panic disorder alone, and yet another for both combined-indicates how hard it can be to
Estimation of Electromagnetic Properties in Soil Testbeds Using Frequency and Time Domain Modeling

Contamination of underground systems causes serious detriment of the environment and can pose a serious threat to human health. The challenge of locating many common contaminants creates the need to develop technologies that enhance our ability to detect and characterize underground contamination. Cross-Well Radar (CWR) is being evaluated as a potential technology for detection of hazardous contaminants, such as Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs), present in underground environments. This paper addresses the development of enabling CWR technologies that rely on the use of transmission and reflection measurements to detect changes in soil electromagnetic (EM) properties caused by the presence of underground target elements, such DNAPL contamination. Time- and frequency-domain measurements and simulations are applied to assess the performance of antennas and design testbeds for proper estimation of EM properties in soil systems. Results indicate that proper development of CWR testbeds must account for wave propagation near sharp EM boundaries. Time-domain analysis shows that s-parameters measurements in a properly developed testbed can be applied to accurately estimate EM properties of bulk soil. The integrated use of soil testbeds with time- and frequency-domain EM modeling, thus, lead to enhanced CWR enabling technologies for DNAPLs detection in underground environments.
A monoclonal antibody to murine CD45R distinguishes CD4 T cell populations that produce different cytokines

CD4 T cell clones have been shown to be functionally heterogeneous in the mouse. However, it is not known if normal CD4 T cells are also functionally heterogeneous, or whether functional specialization is a result of cloning and long‐term culture. To approach this question, a monoclonal antibody reacting with a subset of CD4 T cells has been prepared by immunization of rats with different cloned T cell lines all sharing the same functional activity. This monoclonal antibody reacts with a subset of CD45 (T200) molecules by binding to a determinant requiring the expression of the second variable exon of the CD45 molecule. Some CD4 T cells bear high levels of this marker, while others react only weakly. This antibody was used to separate CD4 T cells into two subpopulations. The brightly staining population was found to produce interleukin (IL) 2 and not IL 4, while the weakly staining population produced IL 4 and not IL 2. These data demonstrate that CD 4 T cells in normal mice are already functionally committed, and that they differentially express forms of CD45 that contain the second variable exon.
A new approach for trap analysis of vertical NAND flash cell using RTN characteristics

We introduce new phenomena that show turn-on at back-side for Vertical NAND (V-NAND) with back-insulator and propose a new method to analyze the trap of back-interface related to the phenomena. Back-side traps have been analyzed with the back-gate structure [1]. However, V-NAND has no back-gate structure, so it's difficult to observe traps. With RTN method we proposed, it's possible for us to observe back-side traps.
Sensitive detection of occult breast cancer by the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

PURPOSE Detection of occult carcinoma in patients with breast cancer may aid the establishment of prognosis and development of new therapeutic approaches. To improve on existing methods of detection, we have developed a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for keratin 19 (K19) transcripts to identify mammary carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Peripheral-blood or bone marrow samples obtained from 34 patients with stages I to IV breast cancer and 39 control subjects without breast cancer were screened for K19 mRNA by nested primer PCR. RESULTS In reconstitution experiments, K19 RT-PCR reliably detected 10 mammary carcinoma cells in 1 million normal peripheral-blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells. Four of 19 patients with stage IV breast cancer had detectable K19 transcript in peripheral blood. Five of six patients with histologically negative bone marrow biopsies following preablative chemotherapy and before autologous bone marrow transplant (BMT) were positive by this assay. Stem-cell apheresis harvests obtained from one of these patients and three additional patients immediately before BMT were all K19-negative. K19 RT-PCR analysis of CSF from a breast cancer patient with known carcinomatous meningitis was also positive. Thirty-eight of 39 non-breast cancer patients had negative K19 RT-PCR assays. The one exception was a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. CONCLUSION RT-PCR of K19 is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for detection of occult mammary carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with breast cancer. The presence of residual breast cancer cells in histologically normal bone marrow aspirates but not in stem-cell apheresis harvests is a frequent finding. This assay may be useful in diagnosing metastatic disease, as well as in monitoring the effectiveness of systemic therapy.
A survey of millimeter-wave technologies

Millimeter-wave (mmw) technologies have made an intense interest in point-to-point radios, automotive radars, satellite services, and military circuits design. Recently millimeter-wave technologies are getting developed rapidly, and today, several technologies have been introduced in the market. This paper reviews the recent progress in mmw technologies and also investigates the advantages and limitations of each of technology in designing different parts of mmw radio.
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy : clinical manifestations of the 14484 mutation

• Objective. —To define the clinical features of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy associated with the 14484 mitochondrial DNA mutation and to compare these features with those associated with three other pathogenetic mutations. Design and Patients. —Clinical and historical data were collected from 19 visually symptomatic patients from 17 independent pedigrees with the molecularly confirmed 14484 mutation. Main Outcome Measures. —Demographic features, age of onset of visual loss, nadir of visual acuity, occurrence and timing of visual recovery, family history of visual loss, and associated medical and environmental conditions. Results. —Clinical characteristics associated with the 14484 mutation are similar overall to those of the three other primary mutations. One notable distinguishing feature is the higher incidence of visual recovery among patients with the 14484 mutation. Thirty-seven percent of our patients experienced visual recovery compared with 5% with the 11778 mutation ( P Conclusions. —Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy associated with the 14484 mitochondrial DNA mutation may have a better prognosis for visual recovery. The phenotypic expression of the 14484 mutation may be influenced by concurrent medical and environmental factors. Molecular genetic testing in suspected Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is useful to confirm the diagnosis and to assess visual prognosis.
Operation modes of the GaN HEMT in high-frequency half-bridge converter

This paper presents a study of the GaN HEMT switching features conducted with the use of the half-bridge test converter rated at 2,5 kW. Results of simulation performed in LTSpice are verified by a series of experimental tests at the variable input voltage (up to 400 V) and switching frequency (up to 250 kHz). Three switch scenarios were analyzed: HEMT without the anti-parallel diode, HEMT with an anti-parallel SiC Schottky and HEMT with an additional parallel capacitor. Presented waveforms of drain-source voltage and drain current during switching processes and results of power losses measurements show significant reduction of switching power losses when anti-parallel diode or additional capacitor are applied. Furthermore, an impact of the dead-time length on power losses is also discussed and an optimal choice for assumed parameters of the converter is presented.
Acinetobacter baumannii: global evolution of carbapenem-resistant and genotyping methods

23like, OXA-24like and OXA-58like and the chromosomally located intrinsic OXA-51like associated with ISABA-1 upstream. Other OXA enzymes recently reported included OXA-143 in A. baumannii. The presence of intrinsic bla OXA-51like alleles does not correlate with the level of carbapenem resistance of the host isolate, apparently because this gene is regulated by insertion sequences such as ISAba1. Thus, resistance to carbapenems cannot be inferred from detection of bla OXA-51like alleles. In contrast, alleles encoding OXA-23like, OXA-24like and OXA-58like enzymes were consistently associated with resistance or, at least, with reduced susceptibility. Typing of these organisms can be important to assess cases of cross-infections or to identify the sources and modes of spread of the organisms or to assess the diversity and spread of these organisms over wide geographic areas. Early methods included phenotypic method, but the most frequent typing methods are genotypic methods like macrorestrition analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, PCR based fingerprinting, AFLP analysis and multilocus sequence typing system.
The impact of milk proteins and peptides on blood pressure and vascular function: a review of evidence from human intervention studies

CVD are the leading cause of death worldwide. Hypertension, a major controllable risk factor of CVD, is intimately associated with vascular dysfunction, a defect which is also now recognised to be a major, modifiable risk factor for the development of CVD. The purpose of the present review was to critically evaluate the evidence for the effects of milk proteins and their associated peptides on blood pressure (BP) and vascular dysfunction. After a detailed literature search, the number of human trials evaluating the antihypertensive effects of casein-derived peptides (excluding isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline) was found to be limited; the studies were preliminary with substantial methodological limitations. Likewise, the data from human trials that examined the effects of whey protein and peptides were also scarce and inconsistent. To date, only one study has conducted a comparative investigation on the relative effects of the two main intact milk proteins on BP and vascular function. While both milk proteins were shown to reduce BP, only whey protein improved measures of arterial stiffness. In contrast, a growing number of human trials have produced evidence to support beneficial effects of both milk proteins and peptides on vascular health. However, comparison of the relative outcomes from these trials is difficult owing to variation in the forms of assessment and measures of vascular function. In conclusion, there is an accumulating body of evidence to support positive effects of milk proteins in improving and/or maintaining cardiovascular health. However, the variable quality of the studies that produced this evidence, and the lack of robust, randomised controlled intervention trials, undermines the formulation of firm conclusions on the potential benefits of milk proteins and peptides on vascular health.
Anosognosia in schizophrenia: hidden in plain sight.

OBJECTIVE Poor insight is a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia that, while not universally and uniformly expressed in all patients, is among the most common of its manifestations. Available neurobiological and neurocognitive evidence linking the phenomenon to core pathophysiology of schizophrenia justifies extension of the anosognosia construct to schizophrenia-related insight deficits. Poor insight is a core attribute of schizophrenia, occurring in 57 to 98 percent of patients. Insight is an important outcome predictor, associated with treatment adherence, relapse frequency, symptom remission, psychosocial functioning, vocational attainment, and risk of violence toward self or others. Combined findings lend urgency to the importance of reducing psychotic relapse. This can only be achieved in the majority of patients with consistent medication adherence- something that is often exceedingly difficult in patients lacking belief in the fact of their illness. This article examines whether anosognosia, the unawareness of deficit or illness, should apply to our understanding of insight deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Although research in the field is limited at this time, there is hope that anosognosia as a symptom of schizophrenia will become a focus of further research and a critically important therapeutic target amenable to treatment. DESIGN This article is a literature review and conceptualization. CONCLUSION Limited research in the field gives cause for hope that anosognosia as a symptom of schizophrenia will become a critically important therapeutic target that is amendable to treatment.
Introduction to medical anthropology in the Muslim world.

Islam is the world's fastest growing religion, with more than 1.3 billion adherents in countries stretching from sub-Saharan Africa to Southeast Asia. In addition, transnational diasporic Muslim communities are increasingly found throughout Europe and the Americas, with approximately 6 million Muslims currently living in the United States. In the aftermath of September 11, 2001 (9/11), the lack of Western understanding of Islam and Muslim peoples has become abundantly apparent, as have the many stereotypes of the Islamic world as a hotbed of religiously based fanaticism, violence, and terrorism. This special issue of Medical Anthropology Quarterly challenges the pervasive "trope of terrorism" now circulating in Euro-American discourses of Islam by focusing instead on everyday issues of reproductive and child health among Muslim peoples living in a diverse range of cultural settings. Through local-level, theoretically informed ethnographic representation, medical anthropology has much to contribute to discussions of Muslims' lives, as well as to greater understandings of Islam itself, a religion that can be said to encourage the use of medicine, biotechnology, and therapeutic negotiation and agency in the face of illness and adversity. To our knowledge, this is the first collection of articles specifically devoted to medical anthropology in the Muslim world. Although other regions of the world have been the focus of medical anthropological scholarship-particularly Latin America; sub-Saharan Africa in the era of HIV/AIDS; the three Asian powerhouses of China, Japan, and India; and North America, where the bulk of medical anthropological
Precedence effects and the evolution of chorusing

The structured choruses produced by rhythmically signalling males in many species of acoustic animals have long–captured the imagination of evolutionary biologists. Though various hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the adaptive significance of such chorusing, none have withstood empirical scrutiny. We suggest instead that alternating and synchronous choruses represent collective epiphenomena resulting from individual males competing to jam each other's signals. These competitions originate in psychoacoustic precedence effects wherein females only orient toward the first call of a sequence, thus selectively favouring males who produce leading calls. Given this perceptual bias, our modelling confirms that a resetting of signal rhythm by neighbours’ signals, which generates either alternation or synchrony, is evolutionarily stable provided that resetting includes a relativity adjustment for the velocity of signal transmission and selective attention toward only a subset of signalling neighbours. Signalling strategies in chorusing insects and anurans are consistent with these predicted features.
EFFECT OF ALKYL-LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS ON SOME ASPECTS OF THE METABOLISM OF LEISHMANIA DONOVANI

Alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALPs), developed initially to be antitumor agents, have proved highly effective in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the species making up the protozoan complex Leishmania donovani. Although their effectiveness is known, the mode of action against this parasite is not completely understood. In the present work, we have studied the effect of 3 derivatives, edelfosine, miltefosine, and ilmofosine. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), we have examined the excreted catabolites from glucose metabolism in the promastigote forms treated with these compounds. The ALPs at concentrations of 19 and 38 μM inhibit the excretion of acetate, succinate, and pyruvate. The effect of edelfosine, miltefosine, and ilmofosine on the activity of the enzymes hexokinase, glycerolkinase 3-PD, phosphoglucose isomerase, superoxide dismutase, and phospholipase C were also examined. Glycerolkinase 3-PD and phosphoglucose isomerase are generally insensitive to the compounds, whereas hexokinase and superoxide dismutase are inhibited by miltefosine and ilmofosine. The ALPs exhibited an activated effect against the phospholipase C activity. Alkyl-lysophospholipids were shown to have a significant effect on several enzymes in important biochemical pathways indispensable for the survival of L. donovani promasigotes.