Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WORDS AND SOUNDS IN EARLY LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Development of initial-consonant production in relation to the acquisition of words is investigated. Longitudinal data of three children are analysed from about age 1;0 until the total recorded lexicon reaches 50 or more words. Using the word as the basis of analysis, PHONE CLASSES are set up for each child and are followed through time in PHONE TREES. As in historical sound change, both lexical and phonetic parameters are involved. Phonological idioms, saliency rules, universal order hypotheses, and acquisition strategies are discussed. Tentative suggestions are made toward a model of phonology. * In acquiring full control over the language of his speech community, the child must learn to deal with an enormous array of lexical and phonological elements, as well as with the complex relations among these elements which constitute the grammar of a particular language, different from all other possible languages. In addition to the machinery of the language itself, he must learn when and how to use the language in accordance with his own needs and the norms of the community. And all this confronts the child not in neat, separate units, but in conglomerate batches which he must largely sort out for himself. Even if the speech input to which he is exposed is restricted in scope and simplified in structure, as the talk addressed to young children tends to be, the analytic problem is severe, and it must not be expected that the child's early attempts will match with any great precision the adult's language behavior and its underlying principles of organization. Thus the linguist who wishes to identify analytic units in the child's speech encounters even greater pitfalls than he does in abstracting from the adult's speech those components at various levels which merit analytic autonomy. Looking for distinctive features, inflectional categories, syntactic rules, and all the dozens of other possible basic units in a child's linguistic system is a hazardous pastime; yet if we are to understand the processes of language development-indeed of language
Correlations of Seismicity Patterns in Southern California with Surface Heat Flow Data

We investigate the relations between properties of seismicity patterns in Southern California and the surface heat flow using a relocated earthquake catalog. We first search for earthquake sequences that are well separated in time and space from other seismicity and then determine the epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model parameters for the sequences with a sufficient number of events. We focus on the productivity parameter α of the ETAS model that quantifies the relative efficiency of an earthquake with magnitude M to produce aftershocks. By stacking sequences with relatively small and relatively large α values separately, we observed clear differences between the two groups. Sequences with a smaller α have a relatively large number of foreshocks and relatively small number of after- shocks. In contrast, more typical sequences with larger α have relatively few fore- shocks and larger number of aftershocks. The stacked premainshock activity for the more typical latter sequences has a clear increase in the day before the occurrence of the main event. The spatial distribution of the α values correlates well with the surface heat flow: areas of high heat flow are characterized by relatively small α, indicating that in such regions the swarm-type earthquake activity is more common. Our results are compatible with a damage rheology model that predicts swarm-type seismic activity in areas with relatively high heat flow and more typical foreshock- mainshock-aftershock sequences in regions with normal or low surface heat flow. The high variability of α in regions with either high or low heat flow values indicates that at local scales additional factors (e.g., fluid content and rock type) may influence the seismicity generation process.
A Case Study on e-Learners Perception and Kansei Experience towards Pedagogical Virtual Agents

The emergence of Web 5.0 technologies has made educators to think of pedagogical virtual agents as an effective e-learning tool. Since the success of an e-learning tool relies mainly on the acceptable level of the tool by the e-Learners and their state of emotion while using the tool, it is important to address the e-Learner’s emotional competencies. The present study examined the impact of pedagogical virtual agents, as operationalized by agent’s demographic features, e-Learners’ perceptions on virtual agents and their Kansei experience. 95 university freshmen from a private higher learning institution participated in this research. Consistent with similarity-attraction hypothesis, attraction-realism hypothesis, and Kansei Experience- hypothesis, it was found that: (1) e-Learners assigned higher ratings for pedagogical agents who have many similar demographic features as them, (2) e-Learners reported higher positive emotion ratings for attractive virtual agents, (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between the attractiveness of the pedagogical virtual agent and the realistic appearance of the agent. Some implications of this research are discussed in this paper.
Assessing the Barriers to Conversion to Organic Farming: An Institutional Analysis

Increased domestic and international demand for organic products, along with environmental and safety issues, have stimulated policymakers and governments in some parts of the world to provide incentives for converting from conventional to organic farming. There is growing evidence that increased adoption of such systems can offer numerous environmental, social and financial benefits. Despite high growth rates of organic production in Canada, it remains a very small sub-sector of Canadian agriculture. Investigating the barriers of converting to organic farming can provide valuable information for policy-makers wanting to stimulate further conversion to organic farming. The focus of this research report is on identifying factors that encourage or discourage farmers considering adopting organic practices, especially the institutional factors that affect the decision whether to convert to organic farming. The data used in the study were collected from a sample of both organic and conventional farmers in Saskatchewan. The results reveal that conventional farmers lack information in many areas of organic practices, and that the institutions related to organic farming are very useful in providing information about organic farming. Assessing the "willingness to convert" of conventional farmers shows some potential for converting to organic practices. Lack of knowledge and skills needed to manage an organic farm and lack of market opportunities for organic products are the most important reasons for not using organic farming practices. In contrast to some research, the findings showed that non-profitability of organic farming is not a significant reason for not adopting organic farming practices. The survey indicated that economic factors have the greatest importance in motivating conventional farmers to convert to organic practices. Control of weeds, insects and disease, uncertainty about economic returns, and complications in the process of becoming an organic producer, appear as the most important barriers to implementing organic farming practices. Conventional farmers identified the need for more labour as an important challenge to be faced after converting. Half of the conventional farmers surveyed believe that costs for organic products are higher than conventional products.
Progressive Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: Eliminate NeurologicalCauses-A Case Report

Background: Severe nausea and vomiting in the first and second trimester of pregnancy is often diagnosed as hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), although true HG only appears in very few pregnancies. Anchoring, the tendency for clinicians to stick with an initial diagnosis even as new information becomes available, can lead to hesitation to perform MR-imaging in pregnant patients. As prompt diagnosis of intracranial neoplasm increases the chance on a favourable outcome, awareness among doctors is needed. Scant data on pregnant patients diagnosed with brain tumours is available; this case report pays attention to possible pitfalls for doctor’s delay. Case summary: A 36-year-old G2PO presented with severe nausea, vomiting and vertigo in the first and second trimester of pregnancy after IVF-treatment. An increase of symptoms, headaches and a lurched walking pattern were initially attributed to dehydration, orthostatic hypotension and later to a proven B12 deficiency. When symptoms worsened despite vitamin suppletion and drowsiness and bradyphrenia developed, a MR-scan of the brain showed severe obstructive hydrocephalus caused by a mass in the fourth ventricle. Surgical resection of a ganglioglioma (WHO grade I) was performed at a gestational age of 25 weeks. Conclusion: HG typically resolves around the 20th week of gestation, therefore persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy warrants a cerebral MR-scan in order to exclude neurological causes.
Chemical characteristics and nutritional potentials of unsaturated fatty acids

The oil has wide range of therapeutic and culinary applications. Saturated (SFAs), unsaturated (USFAs) like monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). It also contains the ω-3 fatty acid i.e. linolenic acid (ALA), ω-6 i.e. linoleic ac.
The Utrecht Agda Compiler Submitted to TFP 2015

This paper describes our experience implementing the Utrecht Agda Compiler, a new Agda compiler targeting the Utrecht Haskell Compiler’s core language. Besides presenting the translation scheme, this paper describes the key issues in the compiler’s development. The Utrecht Agda Compiler not only addresses several limitations and shortcomings of the existing backends, but provides a platform for further research in the compilation of dependently typed programming languages.
Invariant Radon transforms on a symmetric space

Injectivity and support theorems are proved for a class of Radon transforms, R', ,for ,u a smooth family of measures defined on a certain space of affine planes in X0 , where X0 is the tangent space, of a Riemannian symmetric space of rank one. The transforms are defined by integrating against 8 over these planes. We show that if R,I f is supported inside a ball of radius R then so is f . This is true for f e L2(X0) or f E X'(X0). Furthermore, 1 is invertible on either of these domains. The main technique is to use facts about spherical harmonics to reduce the problem to a one-dimensional integral equation. 0. INTRODUCTION Radon transfortns have been extensively studied. See, for example, Guillemin [2], Helgason [6], and Gelfand [1]. In this paper we will generalize and unify several results on Radon transforms. If a compact group K acts on a real vector space X0, then one has the following notion of a K-invariant Radon transform. The ingredients are =0, the space of affine hyperplanes, F = {(x, 4)Ix E } c x 60, and a smooth function uL on F. The Radon transform is defined for f E Lc(X0) by R,lf(4) = fxEf (X)u(X, 4) dx. (dx is Lebesgue measure.) If RP intertwines the actions of K it is called K invariant. This is easily seen to be equivalent to the condition u(k x, k ) = (x, ,) for all k E K and x e 4. It is natural to ask if R is invertible and to look for support theorems. Quinto [11] covers the case when K = 0(n) and X0 = RDn . He proves a support theorem and invertibility for K-invariant Radon transforms. Also, Helgason [3] proves support and injectivity theorems in the case ,u _=1 . Helgason [5] proves a support theorem for the classical Radon transform on Euclidean space. If X0 has a natural complex or quaternionic structure one can play the same game with EWF, the space of complex or quaternionic hyperplanes. (F is either the complex numbers C or the quaternions H.) Quinto [10] covers the case when K = U(n) and X0 = Cn . Once again he proves injectivity and a support theorem. In this paper we will take X0 to be the tangent space of a rank one RieReceived by the editors July 1, 1988. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 44A15; Secondary 43A85. 1990 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/90 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Pathways and modification of the upper and intermediate waters of the Arctic Ocean

[1] The purpose of this study is to investigate the pathways and the ventilation of source water masses of the upper and intermediate waters of the Arctic Ocean. For the Arctic and subarctic domain a coupled ice-ocean general circulation model is set up to be integrated for several decades. It is driven by a climatological seasonal cycle of monthly mean atmospheric data from 1980 to 1989 and by restored sea surface salinities. Passive tracers are used to visualize and interpret the modeled flow and to compare it with observations. The model is able to reproduce known features of the Arctic Ocean circulation like the inflow of two branches of Atlantic origin via the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea and their subsequent passage at middepths in several cyclonic circulation cells. The fate of these Atlantic source water masses, river water, and Bering Strait inflow water in the model are studied. The branch crossing the Barents Sea is subject to an intense heat loss and ice formation. As a result, water of this branch leaves the shelf toward the central part of the Arctic Ocean not only at the surface but also in denser varieties, which finally feed the central Arctic at halocline and middepths. The lightest part turns northward and finally westward joining the Transpolar Drift; the densest part (200–1000 m depth) moves eastward along the continental slope. A similar path is taken by the Atlantic water branch from the Fram Strait. The inflowing branch over the Barents Sea turns out to be the dominant source for the lower Atlantic Water layer in the Arctic Ocean in this investigation. Atlantic tracers starting in Fram Strait need 6 years to reach the northern Laptev Sea slope. Travel times to return to Fram Strait are 15–20 years along the Lomonossov Ridge and about 30 years along the continental slope of the Canadian Basin. Tracers that mark the Pacific Water or the Mackenzie River Water flow eastward and leave the Arctic mainly via the Canadian Archipelago. The Siberian River water tracers at the surface penetrate far into the Canadian Basin before they join the Transpolar Drift. The travel times of the river water from the river mouths are 2–3 years to the shelf edge and 12–14 years to Fram Strait.
New firms entry, labor reallocation, and institutions in transition economies

In the transition from central planning to a market economy in the 1990s, governments focused on privatizing or closing state enterprises, reforming labor markets, compensating laid-off workers, and fostering job creation through new private firms. After privatization, the focus shifted to creating a level playing-field in the product market by protecting property rights, enforcing the rule of law, and implementing transparent start-up regulations. A fair, competitive environment with transparent rules supports long-term economic growth and employment creation through the reallocation of jobs in favor of new private firms.
Understanding adoption of new technologies: Technology readiness and technology acceptance as an integrated concept

Discovering the antecedents of technology use is of major importance in the field of technology adoption. This study investigates the relationship between the personality dimensions of TRI (Technology Readiness Index) and the system specific dimensions of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). Data was collected from 186 employees in various Norwegian organisations. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relationship between dimensions of TRI and TAM. The results show that optimism and innovativeness significantly influences perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Further, perceived usefulness has a significant positive influence on actual usage. The results imply that both personality dimensions and system specific dimensions are of major importance when adopting new technology. This should be considered when organisations develop implementation strategies.
Residual Native Shallow Donor in ZnO

High-energy electron irradiation in ZnO produces shallow donors at about (cid:69) (cid:67) 2 (cid:51)(cid:48) meV. Because the production rate is much higher for Zn-face (0001) than O-face (cid:115) (cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:49) (cid:100) irradiation, the donor is identiﬁed as a Zn-sublattice defect, most likely the interstitial Zn (cid:73) or a Zn (cid:73) -related complex. The donor energy is quite close to that of the unirradiated sample, and of other samples discussed in the literature, strongly suggesting that Zn (cid:73) (and not (cid:86) (cid:79) ) is the dominant native shallow donor in ZnO. An exceptionally high displacement threshold energy (cid:115)(cid:44) (cid:49)(cid:46)(cid:54) MeV (cid:100) is quantitatively explained in terms of a multiple-displacement model. [S0031-9007(99)08717-7]
Job Insecurity and Health-Related Outcomes among Different Types of Temporary Workers

Over the past few decades, the number of flexible workers has increased, a situation that has captured researchers’ attention. Traditionally, temporary workers were portrayed as being disadvantaged compared to permanent workers. But in the new era, temporary workers cannot be treated as a homogeneous group. This study distinguishes between four types of temporaries based on their contract preference and employability level. Furthermore, it compares them with a permanent group. Whether these groups differ on job insecurity and health-related outcomes in a sample of 383 Spanish employees was tested. Differences in well-being and life satisfaction were found, and the hypotheses were supported. The results point out that the temporary workforce is diverse. Therefore, in order to attain a better understanding of the experiences and situations of these workers, it is preferable not to consider them as one homogeneous group.
Projected impacts of climate change on hydropower potential in China

Abstract. Hydropower is an important renewable energy source in China, but it is sensitive to climate change, because the changing climate may alter hydrological conditions (e.g., river flow and reservoir storage). Future changes and associated uncertainties in China's gross hydropower potential (GHP) and developed hydropower potential (DHP) are projected using simulations from eight global hydrological models (GHMs), including a large-scale reservoir regulation model, forced by five general circulation models (GCMs) with climate data under two representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Results show that the estimation of the present GHP of China is comparable to other studies; overall, the annual GHP is projected to change by −1.7 to 2 % in the near future (2020–2050) and increase by 3 to 6 % in the late 21st century (2070–2099). The annual DHP is projected to change by −2.2 to −5.4 % (0.7–1.7 % of the total installed hydropower capacity (IHC)) and −1.3 to −4 % (0.4–1.3 % of total IHC) for 2020–2050 and 2070–2099, respectively. Regional variations emerge: GHP will increase in northern China but decrease in southern China – mostly in south central China and eastern China – where numerous reservoirs and large IHCs currently are located. The area with the highest GHP in southwest China will have more GHP, while DHP will reduce in the regions with high IHC (e.g., Sichuan and Hubei) in the future. The largest decrease in DHP (in %) will occur in autumn or winter, when streamflow is relatively low and water use is competitive. Large ranges in hydropower estimates across GHMs and GCMs highlight the necessity of using multimodel assessments under climate change conditions. This study prompts the consideration of climate change in planning for hydropower development and operations in China, to be further combined with a socioeconomic analysis for strategic expansion.
Post-occupancy evaluation in architecture: experiences and perspectives from UK practice

ABSTRACT The importance of post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is widely acknowledged in the academic literature, industry press and, increasingly, by professional institutes. Learning from previous projects systematically is central to improving building performance, resulting in a built environment that better fits the needs of clients, end users, wider society and the environment. The key role of architects in pushing forward this agenda has been recognized, however evidence suggests that take up of POE is low across the profession. Whilst research has investigated barriers to POE across the construction industry, very little has considered the unique perspective of architects. In-depth interviews with UK-based architects are presented to explore their experiences in relation to POE and their perspectives on its potential to be a standard part of architectural practice. The findings indicate that a considerable amount of practical work is being undertaken, but uncertainty over what constitutes POE means it is often excluded from the POE label – with significant implications for the development of a rigorous evidence base. An appetite is identified for more holistic evaluation measures that move beyond the current preoccupation with energy efficiency to consider other aspects of building performance, and thereby sustainability, in a wider value framework.
(-)-Epictaechin; A Plant Arginase Inhibitor with Favorable Pharmacokinetic Profile

Epicatechin is a flavonol with demonstrated arginase inhibition activity in both in-vitro and animal models. Compared to other polyphenols and arginase inhibitors, epicatechin has promising pharmacokinetic properties. According to the reported pharmacokinetic studies of epicatechin, it follows two compartment models with Tmax about 1.5 h and Vd 1.13 L/kg. These studies differ in the source of epicatechin used which explain the wide variation in the reported half-life (2.5-7.9 h). Therefore, the use of pure Epi powder is recommended in future pharmacokinetic studies to avoid results variations. Several in-vitro and in-vivo studies as well as meta analyses have confirmed the blood pressure lowering effect of epicatechin or dietary supplements rich in epicatechin. This manuscript reviews the available reports regarding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of epicatechin with reflection on its potential clinical use for hypertension.
How Newly Acquainted Dyads Develop Shared Stereotypic Impressions through Conversation

This study investigated how feelings of closeness at initial acquaintance encourage the development of shared stereotypic impressions of others through conversation. At least early in a relationship, closer dyads may be especially inclined to get along with one another. In order to satisfy this goal, they should focus their conversations around easily agreed upon stereotypic attributes and spontaneously express agreement about those attributes. As a consequence, the shared impressions that they form should be relatively stereotypic. In this study, closeness was manipulated in previously unacquainted college-age dyads, who then discussed their impressions of an elderly woman. Closer dyads allocated more discussion time to stereotypic attributes, expressed agreement about those attributes, invoked stereotypic exemplars, and ultimately formed more stereotypic shared impressions. The discussion considers study limitations and possible boundary conditions of the effects, as well as implications for the transmission of outgroup stereotypes during socialization to a new ingroup.