Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Trends in Breast Cancer Management: Is the Era of Immediate Breast Reconstruction Changing?

Objective:Review of available literature on the topic of breast reconstruction and radiation is presented. Factors influencing the decision-making process in breast reconstruction are analyzed. New trends of immediate breast reconstruction are presented. Summary Background Data:New indications for postmastectomy radiation have caused a dramatic increase in the number of radiated patients presenting for breast reconstruction. The major studies and their impact on breast cancer management practice are analyzed. Unsatisfactory results of conventional immediate reconstruction techniques followed by radiotherapy led to a new treatment algorithm for these patients. If the need for postoperative radiation therapy is known, a delayed reconstruction should be considered. When an immediate reconstruction is still desired despite the certainty of postoperative radiotherapy, reconstructive options should be based on tissue characteristics and blood supply. Autologous tissue reconstruction options should be given a priority in an order reflecting superiority of vascularity and resistance to radiation: latissimus dorsi flap, free TRAM or pedicled TRAM without any contralateral components of tissue, pedicled TRAM/midabdominal TRAM, and perforator flap. Conclusions:When the indications for postoperative radiotherapy are unknown, premastectomy sentinel node biopsy, delayed-immediate reconstruction, or delayed reconstruction is preferable.
Functional Substructures for Part Compatibility

As collections of 3D models continue to grow, reusing model parts allows generation of novel model variations. Naïvely swapping parts across models, however, leads to implausible results, especially when mixing parts across different model families. Hence, the user has to manually ensure that the final model remains functionally valid. We claim that certain symmetric functional arrangements (SFARR-s), which are special arrangements among symmetrically related substructures, bear close relation to object functions. Hence, we propose a purely geometric approach based on such substructures to match, replace, and position triplets of parts to create non-trivial, yet functionally plausible, model variations. We demonstrate that starting even from a small set of models such a simple geometric approach can produce a diverse set of non-trivial and plausible model variations.
Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the myelin sheath ultrastructure of myelinated fibers in the white matter of middle‐aged ovariectomized rats

The effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ORT) on white matter and the myelin sheath ultrastructure in the white matter of middle‐aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated in this study. Middle‐aged rats were ovariectomized and divided into a placebo replacement (OVX + O) group and an estrogen replacement (OVX + E) group. Then, the Morris water maze, electron microscope techniques, and stereological methods were used to investigate the effects of ORT on spatial learning capacity, white matter volume and the myelin sheath ultrastructure in the white matter. We found that the spatial learning capacity of the OVX + E rats was significantly improved compared with that of the OVX + O rats. When compared with that of OVX + O rats, the total volume of the myelin sheaths in the white matter of the OVX + E rats was significantly increased by 27%, and the difference between the outer perimeter and inner perimeter of the myelin sheaths of the white matter in the OVX + E rats increased significantly by 12.6%. The myelinated fibers with mean diameters of 1.2–1.4 μm were significantly longer (46.1%) in the OVX + E rats; the difference between the mean diameter of myelinated fibers and the mean diameter of axons (0–0.4 μm) was significantly increased by 21.6% in the OVX + E rats. These results suggested that ORT had positive protective effects on the spatial learning ability and on the myelin sheath ultrastructure in the white matter of middle‐aged OVX rats.
Cluster Head Selection Using Analytical Hierarchy Process for Wireless Sensor Networks

The cluster-based wireless sensor network (WSN) can enhance the whole network lifetime. In each cluster, the cluster head (CH) plays an important role in aggregating and forwarding data sensed by other common nodes. A major challenge in the WSN is the appropriate cluster head selection approach. In this paper, we propose a centralized cluster head selection approach using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Three factors contributing to the network lifetime are considered and they are energy, mobility and the distance to the involved cluster centroid respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in prolonging the network lifetime
Effects of anatomical position on esophageal transit time: a biomagnetic diagnostic technique.

AIM To study the esophageal transit time (ETT) and compare its mean value among three anatomical inclinations of the body; and to analyze the correlation of ETT to body mass index (BMI). METHODS A biomagnetic technique was implemented to perform this study: (1) The transit time of a magnetic marker (MM) through the esophagus was measured using two fluxgate sensors placed over the chest of 14 healthy subjects; (2) the ETT was assessed in three anatomical positions (at upright, fowler, and supine positions; 90 degrees , 45 degrees and 0 degrees , respectively). RESULTS ANOVA and Tuckey post-hoc tests demonstrated significant differences between ETT mean of the different positions. The ETT means were 5.2 +/- 1.1 s, 6.1 +/- 1.5 s, and 23.6 +/- 9.2 s for 90 degrees , 45 degrees and 0 degrees , respectively. Pearson correlation results were r = -0.716 and P < 0.001 by subjects' anatomical position, and r = -0.024 and P > 0.05 according the subject's BMI. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that using this biomagnetic technique, it is possible to measure the ETT and the effects of the anatomical position on the ETT.
Discovery and Creation: Alternative Theories of Entrepreneurial Action

As oportunidades empreendedoras existem, independentemente, das percepcoes dos empreendedores, esperando apenas para serem descobertas? Ou, estas oportunidades sao criadas pelas acoes dos empreendedores? Duas teorias, internamente, consistentes com as oportunidades empreendedoras sao: teoria da criacao e teoria da descoberta- as quais serao descritas. Enquanto, sera sempre possivel, descrever a formacao de uma oportunidade particular, como exemplo, de um processo da descoberta ou da criacao de oportunidade, estas duas teorias tem implicacoes importantes para a eficacia de uma variedade ampla de acoes empreendedoras em contextos diferentes. As implicacoes destas teorias para sete destas acoes serao descritas, acompanhadas de uma discussao sobre algumas das implicacoes teoricas mais amplas destas duas teorias para os campos do empreendimento e do gerenciamento estrategico.
Determination of optimum filter in myocardial SPECT: A phantom study

Background: In myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging, images are degraded by photon attenuation, the distance-dependent collimator, detector response and photons scatter. Filters greatly affect quality of nuclear medicine images Materials and Methods: A phantom simulating heart left ventricle was built. About 1mCi of 99m Tc was injected into the phantom. Images were taken from this phantom. Some filters including Parzen, Hamming, Hanning, Butterworth and Gaussian were exerted on the phantom images. By defining some criteria such as contrast, signal to noise ratio, and defect size detectability, the best filter can be determined. Results: 0.325 Nyquist frequency and 0.5 Nq was obtained as the optimum cut off frequencies respectively for hamming and hanning filters. Order 11 ,cut off 0.45 Nq and order 20 cut off 0.5 Nq obtained optimum respectively for Butterworth and Gaussian filters. Conclusion: The optimum member of every filter’s family was obtained. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2004; 1(4): 205-210
External Auditor’s Ethical Dilemma: Perceived Threat to Auditor’s Responsibility Posed by the Auditor’s Allegiance to Corporate Management

Major accounting scandals and audit failures (such as Enron and WorldCom) during the turn of the century seriously impaired the public’s confidence and trust in audited financial statements. This had cast a shadow on auditor independence, integrity and professional conduct, and led to the collapse of Arthur Andersen (AA), one of the then Big-5 public accounting firms. Some have argued that auditors align their interest with that of corporate management instead of investors and the general public because audit fees are paid by management. This leads to the following question: do auditors appear to compromise their independence and align with their clients’ interest rather than shareholders’ interest? Our examination of audit fees charged by the Big-5 to a sample of companies investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reveals that auditors (except for AA) appear to recognize engagement risk at an increased level for SEC investigated audit clients. Accordingly, SEC investigated clients are charged higher audit fees than non-SEC investigated clients. However, AA appeared not to distinguish the engagement risk differences between its SEC investigated and non-SEC investigated clients. Results overall suggest that auditors fulfill their professional responsibility of serving the public interest by maintaining client-auditor independence and objectivity. Although the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been implemented, misleading and fraudulent financial reporting persist, which suggests that there is room for improving audit quality. Accordingly, we provide suggestions to strengthen both audit quality and professional conduct (particularly regarding auditor independence) to enhance the public’s confidence in audited financial statements.
An introduction to cells.

Cells are the triumph of evolution.1 The rest of evolution can be thought of as an elaboration on this masterpiece. In some ways they are more complex than the organs to which they give rise, with the possible exception of the brain, in that their behaviour reflects the integrated activity of about 50000 genes, their products, and the complex biochemical and structural networks that result. In this biochemical network there are two different timescales. The first, which responds to changes in seconds or fractions of a second, is that concerned with metabolism. The enzymes in the cell cytoplasm, including the mitochondria, catalyse molecules along narrowly defined reaction pathways such as the Krebs cycle, the synthesis of purines, or the breakdown of carbohydrates. Many of these reactions require or generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. The speed of response of these metabolic pathways can be contrasted with those in the second system, which entails the synthesis of macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. Here the response times are minutes to hours. Understanding the integration of these two interdependent pathways is a major problem in cell biology.
Finance and Investment in Transition : Czech Enterprises, 1993-1994

We use enterprise data to study the determinants of investment in Czech industry during the period from 1993 through 1994, a period when the transition toward a market economy was rapidly gaining momentum. We investigate accelerator type models modified to include financial variables intended to reflect the possibility of credit rationing. Overall, we find that finance is an important determinant of investment for firms in a transition economy. In particular we find that de novo private firms and firms privatized early invested heavily during 1993 and that they were financially constrained in 1993 and even more so in 1994. In contrast, state owned enterprises including those that were privatized in the course of 1994 invested relatively little in 1993 and were less financially constrained in 1994 than in 1993. This evidence is consistent with a pattern that state owned enterprises were placed under financial discipline relatively early in the Czech transition and that their financial access improved with the approach of their privatization.
ANALYZING THE CONSUMER PURCHASING INTENTION OF VIRTUAL GOODS IN ONLINE GAME

Online game is a virtual world environment that many people called as gamer joins to find pleasure of gaming. In purpose to reach the gamers goal, they need to improve the competency of their character by using virtual goods. Three consumer value such as functional value with price utility and quality as it variables, emotional value with aesthetics and playfulness as it variables, and social value with social self-image and social relationship had involved in this research in order to get the result. This study objective is to find out what factor that affected the intention of the gamer to purchase the virtual goods. Gamers in Manado city are the purpose of this study. This research is a quantitative research that associative with multiple linear regression analysis technique. The population of the sample is the active only gamer in Manado city that the numbers of the online gamers are unidentified. This research used accidental sampling as the method with 100 respondents. The result of the research then shows that three from six variables which are Aesthetics, Playfulness, and Price Utility has significant effect to Purchasing Intention. Keywords: functional value, emotional value, social value, purchasing intention, virtual goods.
The economic crisis and community development finance: an industry assessment

For thirty years, the community development finance industry—banks, credit unions, loan funds, community development corporations, venture funds, microfinance institutions—has quietly provided responsible, well-designed and well priced credit to lower-income people and communities. These entities have provided this credit with the support of the federal government, through the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, the Low Income Housing and New Markets Tax Credits, the Small Business Association, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and various housing and facilities development programs. The industry has also been supported in its efforts by mainstream institutions such as banks and insurance companies, most frequently motivated by the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) or by concern that CRA-like obligations would be imposed. Philanthropic foundations and supporters and state and local governments have also played their parts. The result: a community development finance industry that has survived and even prospered during recessions and political downdrafts. But the field, and the communities, businesses, and individuals it serves, are hurting now, and fearing bigger hurt. This paper examines this situation and focuses attention on what needs to be done.
Speed's Procedure Used to Treat Chronic Elbow Dislocation.

In this report, operative treatment of chronic elbow dislocation using Speed's technique is described. Reports on this phenomenon are infrequent. This clinically important pathology is quite uncommon but impacts negatively on a patient's functionality and normal daily activities. We present the case of a 53-year old woman with a missed diagnosis of elbow dislocation. The patient was unable to function because of pain, stiffness and loss of motion. Her diagnosis was missed in the emergency department and in a general practitioner's office. A correct diagnosis was made three months later. The consultant organized an early date for surgery. The definitive treatment entailed open reduction, VY plasty of triceps and supplementary fixation using K wires through the elbow joint (Speed's Procedure). The occurrence, patho-mechanics, operative technique and its outcome are discussed.
A Regression Model Based Approach for Identifying Security Requirements in Open Source Software Development

There are several security requirements identification methods proposed by researchers in up-front requirements engineering (RE). However, in open source software (OSS) projects, developers use lightweight representation and refine requirements frequently by writing comments. They also tend to discuss security aspect in comments by providing code snippets, attachments, and external resource links. Since most security requirements identification methods in up-front RE are based on textual information retrieval techniques, these methods are not suitable for OSS projects or just-in-time RE. In our study, we propose a new model based on logistic regression to identify security requirements in OSS projects. We used five metrics to build security requirements identification models and tested the performance of these metrics by applying those models to three OSS projects. Our results show that four out of five metrics achieved high performance in intra-project testing.
Building Nutch: Open Source Search

Search engines are as critical to Internet use as any other part of the network infrastructure, but they differ from other components in two important ways. First, their internal workings are secret, unlike, say, the workings of the DNS (domain name system). Second, they hold political and cultural power, as users increasingly rely on them to navigate online content.
La Recuperación de Información en español y la normalizacion de términos

La mayor parte de los Sistemas de Recuperacion de Informacion utilizan, de una forma u otra, recuentos de frecuencias de las palabras que aparecen en los documentos.Tales recuentos conllevan la necesidad de normalizar dichos terminos. Una simple normalizacion de caracteres (mayusculas/minusculas, acentos y otros diacriticos) parece insuficiente, ya que muchas palabras, por exion morfologica o derivacion, podrian ser agrupadas bajo una unica forma, al tener contenidos semanticos muy cercanos. Se analizan diversos algoritmos de normalizacion y se muestran los experimentos llevados a cabo para evaluar su eficacia.
The effects of varenicline on alcohol seeking and self-administration in baboons.

BACKGROUND Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may play a critical role in alcohol reinforcement and consumption. The effects of varenicline, an nAChR partial agonist, on alcohol seeking and self-administration responses were evaluated in 2 groups of baboons trained under a 3-component chained schedule of reinforcement (CSR). METHODS Alcohol (4% w/v; n = 4; alcohol group) or a preferred nonalcoholic beverage (n = 4; control group) was available for self-administration only in component 3 of the CSR. Responses in component 2, required to gain access to alcohol, provided indices of seeking behavior. Varenicline (0.032 to 0.32 mg/kg; 0.32 mg/kg twice daily [BID]) and vehicle were administered before CSR sessions subchronically (5 consecutive days). Higher doses (0.56, 1.0 mg/kg) were attempted, but discontinued due to adverse effects. RESULTS Subchronic varenicline administration significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the seeking response rate and increased the time to complete the response requirement to gain access to the daily supply of alcohol at the higher doses (0.32 mg/kg, 0.32 mg/kg BID dosing) in the alcohol group compared with the control group. Mean number of drinks was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), but effects did not differ between groups. The pattern of drinking was characterized by a high rate during an initial bout. Number of drinks during and duration of the initial bout were significantly decreased in the alcohol group, compared with the control group, at 0.32 mg/kg (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Varenicline may be clinically useful for reducing alcohol-seeking behaviors prior to alcohol exposure. Given the modest effects on drinking itself, varenicline may be better suited as a treatment in combination with a pharmacotherapy that significantly reduces alcohol consumption.
Visual deprivation modifies auditory directional tuning in the inferior colliculus

The aim of this study was to assess whether early visual deprivation could modulate the auditory directional tunings of single neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus of the rat. Extracellular recordings were carried out in normal and early bilaterally enucleated rats. Direction-specific auditory neurons were found in both groups, and no evidence was found for a topographical order of best azimuthal direction. Although the distribution of best azimuthal direction was unaltered in enucleated rats, our data suggest that early visual deprivation modifies the width of auditory directional receptive fields in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. This suggests that visual input plays a substantial role in refining auditory receptive fields in the inferior colliculus.
"What you see depends on where you stand" exploring the relationship between leadership behavior and job type in health care.

PURPOSE This chapter seeks to increase our understanding of health care employees' perceptions of effective and ineffective leadership behavior within their organization. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Interviews were conducted with 59 employees working in a diversity of positions within the case study hospital. Interviewees were asked to cite behaviors of both an effective and an ineffective leader in their organization. They were also asked to clarify whether their example described the behavior of a formal or informal leader. Grounded theory data analysis techniques were used and findings were interpreting using existing leadership behavior theories. FINDINGS (1) There was a consistent link between effective leadership and relationally oriented behaviors. (2) Employees identified both formal and informal leadership within their hospital. (3) There were both similarities and differences with respect to the types of behaviors attributed to informal versus formal leaders. (4) Informants cited a number of leadership behaviors not yet accounted for in the leadership behavior literature (e.g., 'hands on', 'professional', 'knows organization'). (5) Ineffective leadership behavior is not simply the opposite of effective leadership. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS Findings support the following ideas: (1) there may be a relationship between the type of job held by employees in health care organizations and their perceptions of leader behavior, and (2) leadership behavior theories are not yet comprehensive enough to account for the varieties of leadership behavior in a health care organization. This study is limited by the fact that it focused on only those leadership theories that considered leader behavior. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS There are two practical implications for health care organizations. (1) leaders should recognize that the type of behavior an employee prefers from a leader may vary by follower job group (e.g., nurses may prefer relational behavior more than managerial staff do), and (2) organizations could improve leader development programs and evaluation tools by identifying ineffective leadership behaviors that they want to see reduced within their workplace. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Health care organizations could use these findings to identify informal leaders in their organization and invest in training and development for them in hopes that these individuals will have positive direct or indirect impacts on patient, staff, and organizational outcomes through their informal leadership role. VALUE/ORIGINALITY This study contributes to research and practice on leadership behavior in health care organizations by explicitly considering effective and ineffective leader behavior preferences across multiple job types in a health care organization. Such a study has not previously been done despite the multi-professional nature of health care organizations.