Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparitive study between Bisap Score and Ranson Score in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis

INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis has widely variable clinical and systemic manifestations spanning the spectrum from a mild, self-limiting episode of epigastric pain to severe, life-threatening, multiorgan failure. Since the morbidity and mortality of Acute Pancreatitis differ markedly between mild and severe disease (mild < 5% vs severe 20–25%), it is very important to assess severity as early as possible. Various scoring systems like APACHE II scoring, RANSONS scoring and BISAP have been used to asses Severity in Acute Pancreatitis. Among these BISAP and RANSONS scoring systems have been considered to be predictive and most widely used. The need of a scoring system with maximum accuracy and simplicity has been emphasized upon. BISAP has the advantage over Ranson score of being calculated within 24hrs of admission. Ranson score seems to perform accurate prediction of persistent organ failure. This study aims at evaluating the predictive value of BISAP scoring in comparison to RANSONS SCORE. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: 1. To assess the accuracy of BISAP scoring system vs RANSON scoring system in predicting Severity in an attack of acute pancreatitis. 2. To compare predictability of organ failure between BISAP scoring and RANSONS Scoring system METHODOLOGY: In this study, 60 in-patients presenting with features of acute pancreatitis to Rajiv Gandhi Govt. General Hospital from November 2013 to September 2014 have been studied. It is a prospective and retro prospective study. Keywords : acute pancreatitis, BISAP score, Ranson score OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: • No. of patients in the study – 60 • Most common age of presentation is 4 th decade of life. • Males are most commonly affected. • Alcohol consumption is the most common etiology in our study. • 38 patients had mild disease • 22 patients had a complicated course • 16 patients had moderately severe course • 6 patients had severe course. • Most common local complication is pseudocyst. • Mortality rate in our study is 5 % • Ranson’s scor e of more than 3 and BISAP score of less than or equal to 3 had the best accuracy of predicting severity of acute pancreatitis. • Both Ranson’s score and BISAP score showed higher sensitivity in prediction of systemic complications than that of local complications. • No patients were treated surgically. • Sensitivity , specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 93.33,96,93.33,96 and 95 respectively for both Ranson’s score and BISAP scoring system. CONCLUSION: From this study, we can conclude that BISAP scoring system is not inferior to Ranson’s scoring system in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. BISAP scoring system is very simple, cheap, easy to remember and calculate. BISAP scoring system accurately predicts the outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis. Moreover the values in BISAP score are instantaneous and there is no time delay. Ranson’s score takes a minimum of 24 hours. Thus, BISAP score has proved to be a powerful tool in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis in par with Ranson’s score.
Assessing language lateralisation using functional transcranial Doppler sonography

This thesis uses functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to investigate hemispheric asymmetries in brain activity during language processing. FTCD is a simple method that provides a measure of relative lateralisation. Given its portability and tolerance for movement, it allows physiological activity and behaviour to be measured simultaneously in understudied paediatric populations. The first half of the thesis describes three methodologically motivated studies with adults. The results indicated that the strength of lateralisation is affected by experimental manipulations of task and stimuli. A particularly influential factor was the intensity of phonological lexical search required. There was also an effect of stimulus pace, suggesting that difficulty or effort may also play a role in driving the strength of lateralisation. The second half of the thesis provides the main theoretical contributions to the literature in three developmental studies. The first found no evidence of increases in the strength of lateralisation between the ages of 32 years and 42 years. The second study found typical left-lateralisation during language production in a heterogeneous group of children born deaf. This study provides preliminary evidence that auditory input is not a contributory factor to the development of language lateralisation. The final study used a paced picture naming task with children. Concordance was measured between fTCD during this novel task and an established narrative task. The data also suggested that LIs measured by fTCD are most likely to relate to offline measures when the tasks share cognitive or linguistic demands. In summary, this thesis contributes to a growing body of research demonstrating that fTCD is a useful tool to investigate hemispheric lateralisation. It is of particular use with those populations for whom other neuroimaging modalities are not suitable. It is often these groups of participants who can offer unique insights into language processing and the underlying neural systems.
Blastocystis hominis: The fascinating enigma

This paper is a concise review of the accumulated studies for 'Blastocystis hominis', summarising the controversial issues, widely accepted theories, and prospective research for this organism. 'B. hominis' is a common, albeit enigmatic and perplexing intestinal parasite that has confounded classification with a plethora of discordant studies. 'B. hominis' is comprised of seven morphological forms and thirteen subtypes, nine of which are found in the lower gastrointestinal tract of humans, with subtypes one, three and four being controversially theorised as causing disease. Ingestion is via the faecal-oral route with reported enteric symptoms generally relating to gastrointestinal pathology and infection. This correlates with the immunocompromised patient, zoonotic transmission, and abased or unsanitary living conditions associated with faecal contaminated water. Standard laboratory diagnosis is by direct microscopy of samples; however recovering the small and morphologically disguised cyst forms are difficult and false negative reports are common.Alternative diagnostic techniques include 'in vitro' cultivation, genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests but there is no forthcoming consensus due to inherent problems of cost, time, sensitivity and specificity. Mainstream treatment is by metronidazole, however due to the inconclusive status of 'B. hominis' pathogenicity, this is circumspectly indicated. Alternative treatments that have induced remission include nitazoxanide, paromomycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, emetine dihydrochloride, iodoquinol, furazolidone, and dietary management. 'B. hominis' has had prolific scientific attention and yet still presents a formidable and fascinating enigma with many exciting potential research projects that beckon the ambitious scientist.
Ethnnomedicinal Plants of Gopalswamy Hills, Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu

This study was conducted in Gopalswamy hills in the Western part of Southern forest division in the Coimbatore district of the state of Tamil Nadu. This study reveals the important herbaceous ethnomedicinal plants of Gopalswamy hills. A total of 100 species belonging to 42 families and 92 genera’s of plants were recorded as highly useful medicines for local tribal people to cure the various diseases in Gopalswamy hills. Among the families Rubiaceae, Poaceae (9 species in each) were found to be dominant plant families followed by Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae (6 species in each) and Acanthaceae, Malvaceae (5 species in each). Some of the ethnomedicinal plants were used for Diabetes, Skin diseases, Eye diseases, Antisyphitic, Cough and Diarrhoea and they are also very popular with the antidotes for snake bite. This kind of medicinal plant should be conserve in our study area for welfare of our future generation.
Comparison of lymph node dissection and lymph node sampling for non-small cell lung cancers by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Background Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been increasingly used in the treatment of lung cancers. But it is still unclear whether mediastinal lymph node dissection (LND) under VATS is safe and feasible. The aim of this study is to figure out whether LND by VATS is safe and feasible. Methods Consecutive patients with primary resectable lung cancers referred for lobectomy and LND or sampling by VATS between January 2012 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative results were collected for statistical analysis. Results Seven-hundred and seventy-three VATS lobectomy patients were included in this study, 494 received LND and 279 received lymph node sampling (LNS). There were more male patients, higher pathological T and N stage in the LND group than in the LNS group. Multivariate analysis suggested that clinical N stage higher than cN0 category and LND were independent risk factors for finding pN2 diseases in all lung cancers, while higher than cN0 category, solid or micropapillary component, and LND were independently related to finding pN2 stage in adenocarcinomas. Propensity-score matching rendered 279 pairs of patients with no significant difference in age, gender, co-morbidity, tumor location, or T stage. Although the LND group had longer operation time (128 vs. 114 minutes, P<0.001), higher amount of postoperative drainage (920 vs. 720 mL, P<0.001), longer postoperative hospital stay (6 vs. 4 days, P<0.001) than the LNS group, no difference was observed in overall morbidity or mortality between the two groups. Conclusions LND by VATS has acceptable perioperative results but can provide more accurate nodal staging compared with LNS. LND by VATS is safe, feasible, and should be recommended in patients with tumors in clinical N stages higher cN0 category or with more invasive histology.
Disordered eating behaviors among adolescent patients with type I diabetes mellitus

Background Clinical and subclinical eating disorders (EDs) are common in adolescents with type I diabetes. Diabetes is associated with a high prevalence of risk factors for EDs such as high BMI, depression, low self-esteem, and anxiety. Aim This work aimed to study the prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors in adolescent patients with type I diabetes mellitus, and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Patients and methods Seventy-five patients were recruited from the Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic at Kasr Al Ainy Hospital. Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and Diabetes Eating Problem Survey were used to screen for abnormal eating behaviors. The diagnosis was checked using the criteria for EDs according to the fifth ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Subsequent assessments for depression and anxiety were performed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. Results Disordered eating behaviors (DEB) were found in 34.7% of the study group; all were diagnosed with EDs not otherwise specified. Fifty percent of the participants had depressive symptoms and 54% had anxiety symptoms. Conclusion DEBs were found in adolescent patients with type I diabetes. Depression and anxiety were found in nearly half of the patients with DEBs.
Temporal Logic Inference for Hybrid System Observation with Spatial and Temporal Uncertainties

In this paper, we present a mechanism for building hybrid system observers to differentiate between specific positions of the hybrid system. The mechanism is designed through inferring metric temporal logic (MTL) formulae from simulated trajectories from the hybrid system. We first approximate the system behavior by simulating finitely many trajectories with timerobust tube segments around them. These time-robust tube segments account for both spatial and temporal uncertainties that exist in the hybrid system with initial state variations. The inferred MTL formulae classify different time-robust tube segments and thus can be used for classifying the hybrid system behaviors in a provably correct fashion. We implement our approach on a model of a smart building testbed to distinguish two cases of room occupancy.
Analysis of Therapeutic Efficacy of Clinically Applied Varnish

Purpose: Our study aims to evaluate and analyze the effect of a mineralizing varnish on the progression of the initial caries of the enamel in the primary dentition. Materials and methods: Subject of observation - there are 200 children from the city of Varna, aged 3 to 6 years, distributed equally in standardized age groups, with the same number of boys and girls. Dental caries diagnosed with d1 and d2. Units of observation: Children with high caries risk of development: A group of 100 children treated with mineralizing varnish CV; Control group of 100 children. Carious teeth with threshold d1, d2 lesions. Carious surfaces with d1, d2 lesions. After processing the results and determining the highlights, the actual study was performed by processing the data with a mathematical-statistical processing package SPSS v 20.0. Results: The results of the comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of the mineralizing varnish used-Clinpro White Varnish showed a significant difference in the percentage of effectiveness (t=- 3.68, p<0.001). Clinpro White Varnish showed better results after the application (64.58%). Conclusion: The use of these medications may be beneficial for patients with dental caries of primary teeth from 3 to 6 years of age.
The Effects of the 3-OH Group of Kaempferol on Interfollicular Epidermal Stem Cell Fate

Background Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid known to have a wide range of pharmacological activities. The 3-OH group in flavonoids has been reported to determine antioxidant activities. Objective We tested whether kaempferol can affect the expression of integrins and the stem cell fate of interfollicular epidermal stem cells. Methods Skin equivalent (SE) models were constructed, and the expression levels of stem cell markers and basement membrane-related antigens were tested. The immunohistochemical staining patterns of integrins, p63, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were compared between kaempferol- and apigenin-treated SE models. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of integrins. Results Kaempferol increased the thickness of the epidermis when added to prepare SEs. In addition, the basal cells of kaempferol- treated SEs appeared more columnar. In the immunohistological study, the expression of integrins α6 and β1 and the numbers of p63- and PCNA-positive cells were markedly higher in the kaempferol-treated model. However, apigenin showed no effects on the formation of three-dimensional skin models. RT-PCR analysis also confirmed that kaempferol increased the expression of integrin α6 and integrin β1. Conclusion Our findings indicated that kaempferol can increase the proliferative potential of basal epidermal cells by modulating the basement membrane. In other words, kaempferol can affect the fate of interfollicular epidermal stem cells by increasing the expression of both integrins α6 and β1. These effects, in particular, might be ascribed to the 3-OH group of kaempferol.
Modulation of PPAR-γ by nutraceutics as complementary treatment for obesity-related disorders and inflammatory diseases

Abstract: A direct correlation between adequate nutrition and health is a universally accepted truth. The Western lifestyle, with a high intake of simple sugars, saturated fat, and physical inactivity, promotes pathologic conditions. The main adverse consequences range from cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome to several cancers. Dietary components influence tissue homeostasis in multiple ways and many different functional foods have been associated with various health benefits when consumed. Natural products are an important and promising source for drug discovery. Many anti-inflammatory natural products activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR); therefore, compounds that activate or modulate PPAR-gamma (PPAR-γ) may help to fight all of these pathological conditions. Consequently, the discovery and optimization of novel PPAR-γ agonists and modulators that would display reduced side effects is of great interest. In this paper, we present some of the main naturally derived products studied that exert an influence on metabolism through the activation or modulation of PPAR-γ, and we also present PPAR-γ-related diseases that can be complementarily treated with nutraceutics from functional foods.
Factors related to recurrence in surgical treatment of hydatid cyst

Amac: Kist hidatigin kuratif tedavisi cerrahi veya girisimseldir. Bununla birlikte kist hidatik tedavisinde rekurrens cok onemli bir sorun olarak karsimiza cikmaktadir. Biz calismamizda klinigimizde hidatik kist nedeniyle opere edilen hastalarda rekurrensi ve rekurrense etki eden faktorleri belirlemeyi amacladik. Yontemler: Retrospektif olan bu calismada, hidatik kist hastaligi nedeniyle cerrahi uygulanan 228 hasta dosyasi incelenerek veriler kayit altina alindi. Bu hastalardan calismaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uymayan 72 hasta calisma disi tutuldu. Sonuclarimiz incelenerek rekurrense etkili faktorler irdelendi. Bulgular: Hastalarin 14’unde (%8.9) rekurrens tespit edildi. Kistin lokalizasyonu, Gharbi siniflandirmasi, uygulanan cerrahi teknik, kistin icerigi, safra yolu istiraki ve tedavisi, postoperatif komplikasyonlar, kistin sayisi ve capi ile nuks arasinda bir iliski tespit edilmedi. Sonuc: Karaciger kist hidatiginde cerrahi sonrasi nukse etkili faktorlerin tespiti hususunda ileriye donuk olarak planlanmis ve daha genis hasta gruplarini iceren calismalarin yapilmasina ihtiyac vardir.
The Noninvasive Measurement of Central Aortic Blood Pressure Waveform

Central aortic pressure (CAP) is a potential surrogate of brachial blood pressure in both clinical practice and routine health screening. It directly reflects the status of the central aorta. Noninvasive measurement of CAP becomes a crucial technique of great interest. There have been advances in recent years, including the proposal of novel methods and commercialization of several instruments. This chapter briefly introduces the clinical importance of CAP and the theoretical basis for the generation of CAP in the first and second sections. The third section describes and discusses the measurement of peripheral blood pressure waveforms, which is employed to estimate CAP. We then review the proposed methods for the measurement of CAP. The calibration of blood pressure waveforms is discussed in the fourth section. After a brief discussion of the technical limitations, we give suggestions for perspectives and future challenges.
Structure and function of V1b vasopressin receptor

The V1b vasopressin receptor (V1bR) is a receptor for a neurohypophysial hormone [arginine8] vasopressin (AVP). V1bR is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the Family A GPCR superfamily. The structures of seven α-helical transmembrane domains of this family members can be predicted based on the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin (bRho) and human β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) obtained by X-ray crystallography. This study aimed to identify amino acid residues which participate in ligand binding of the V1bR by site-directed mutagenesis with the aid of molecular models of vasopressin receptors based on the crystal structure of bRho. The V1bR is a potential drug target in treating stress-related conditions such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders. Since it is the latest subtype identified among the mammalian neurohypophysial hormone receptors, it remains as the least studied subtype. A closely related subtype V1a receptor (V1aR) has been studied in far more detail for its potential of being a drug target in treating cardiac conditions and epilepsy. Hence, effective means of studying the V1bR can be accomplished by exploring the information already available on the V1aR and thereby defining the differences and similarities existing between the two. Detailed subtype comparisons are also fundamental for designing subtype selective drugs for effective therapy with fewer side-effects. This project was designed also to elucidate amino acid residues which determine selectivity of ligands for the V1bR over the V1aR.
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125), Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI), and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) as Diagnostic Tests in Ovarian Cancer

Background: Distinguishing between malignant and benign ovarian masses is necessary to refer patients to centers with experience in the surgical. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic value of the tumor markers, including risk of malignancy index (RMI), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen125 (CA125), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in ovarian mass. Methods: One hundred patients with ovarian masses were assessed for the tumor markers ROMA, HE4, RMI, and CA125. The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter were calculated, using receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROCs) according to the area under the curve (AUC) for each method. Results: The median CA125, HE4, RMI, and ROMA serum levels had significant difference between malignant and benign masses in the overall assessment (P < 0.001). The AUCs were 0.83 (CA125), 0.88 (HE4), 0.85 (RMI), and 0.92 (ROMA) for benign vs. malignant masses in all the patients. The comparison of ROC curves was carried out, using a pairwise comparison method, and no differences were found among 4 methods. Conclusions: The results based on the AUC markers of CA125, HE4, RMI, and ROMA revealed that the accuracy trend of ROMA was higher than that of CA125, HE4, and RMI in all the patients and each group of pre- and post-menopausal patients.
Research‐Led Learning in biological science practical activities: supported by student‐centred e‐Learning

Our aim was to introduce student‐centred research‐led learning (RLL) into undergraduate Physiology practical classes in 2nd year Science. We took an incremental approach to developing students' skills of investigating scientists with many opportunities for them to practice and assess their own progress. The experimental design scenarios, and skills we aimed to engender, go beyond simple inquiry‐based learning in practical classes and require thinking about bigger issues of research projects in real‐world laboratories.