Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RADIANT HEATER EFFECTS ON LEONTODON TARAXACOIDES, HYPOCHAERIS GLABRA, AND PARENTUCELLIA VISCOSA IN DUNES AND SEASONAL SWALES AT HUMBOLDT BAY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

iii Radiant Heater Effects on Leontodon taraxacoides, Hypochaeris glabra, and Parentucellia viscosa in Dunes and Seasonal Swales at Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge Vanessa K. Emerzian Radiant heaters are devices used to control unwanted plant species. This study explores whether radiant heat treatments can be an effective management tool for controlling invasive plant species Leontodon taraxacoides, Hypochaeris glabra, and Parentucellia viscosa in dune ridge and swale environments at the Lanphere Dunes Unit, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006. The experiment of 2005 was designed to determine the effect radiant heating would have on Leontodon taraxacoides and Hypochaeris glabra survival. Field observations in 2005 indicated that seed set of Leontodon taraxacoides could be reduced by radiant heating. A fecundity experiment was designed in 2006 to quantify this reduction. A third invasive species, Parentucellia viscosa, was common in the plots and responded to the treatment. The effectiveness of radiant heating treatments on this species was observed and quantified. Results of this study indicate that radiant heating does not generally kill Leontodon taraxacoides individuals outright, but does significantly reduce seed set when treatment occurs immediately prior to flowering. Parentucellia viscosa is effectively controlled by radiant heating, as individual plants are killed after treatment and do not set seed. Hypochaeris glabra is not generally killed by radiant heating, but the treatment seemed to have an effect on future recruitment.
Zur Modulation volumenaktivierter Chloridströme in Endothelzellen

Volume-induced chlorid currents are characterised for many types of cells. I have investigated the modulation and activation of these currents. In cultered pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAE) patch clamp maesurements of membrane currents and simultaneous maesurements of free intracellular calcium ([Ca]i) were performed. 1. Until now, activation of ICl,Vol was characterised as Calcium-independently. I maesured the current buffering [Ca]i with the Calcium chelators BAPTA and EGTA. It could be observed, that [Ca]i at concentrations less than 50 nM is required to activate ICl,Vol. At higher concentrations, there is no modulation by [Ca ]i. 2. Sodiumchromoglycate (CL) blocks ICl,Vol in endothelium cells. This effect is small (Ki=15mM) and slow (100 s) as compared of those of the classical chlorid channel blocker NPPB. Inhibitory effects of CL to ICl,Vol in endothelial cells are weaker than to ICl,Vol and to secretion of serotonin in mast cells. 3. The role of intracellular phosphorylation signal pathways on activation of ICl,Vol was investigated. Neither activation of protein kinase C (PKC) throught direct application of the phorbol ester PMA nor down-regulation through preincubation with PMA had any effect on activation of ICl,Vol. Also Wortmannin, an inhibitor of MAP-kinases, failed to have significant effects on ICl,Vol. Lysophosphatic acid, wich activates MAP kinases as well as focal adhaesion kinase p125FAK, did not have any effect on ICl,Vol or activated some chlorid current. Induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) through application of thermical or chemical stress (incubation under 45 °C over 60 min or with 0,3 mM Sodiumarsenit) had no effect on ICl,Vol nor some activation of chlorid currents could be observed. 4. We have combined maesurements of currents with maesurements of membrane capacitance (CM) and (but not simultaniously) of changes in cell height to study the activation mechanism of ICl,Vol. The swelling-induced current is correlated with the changes in cell height. However, neither the changes in cell height nor ICl,Vol were correlated with CM. In some cells (n=17), there was no substantial change (less than 2%) in CM. In the remaining 5 cells, changes in CM are arround 10,6% ± 0,9% (average ± SEM). Thereby changes of CM started allways after those of ICl,Vol. Inhibition of vesicular transport by Brefeldin A did not affect ICl,Vol significantly. The block of protein synthesis by Cyclophosphamid did not have specific effects on ICl,Vol. It is concluded, that CM is not the primary trigger for ICl,Vol. Its activation is not due to incorporation of ion channels by vesicle fusion.
PENGARUH SARI BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

PENGARUH SARI BUAH NANAS ( Ananas comosus ( L.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK TONGKOL JAGUNG ( Zea mays L.) Indrika Utami Hayat 1) , Edi Suryanto 2) , Jemmy Abidjulu 2) 1) Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA UNSRAT Manado 2) Jurusan Kimia Fakultas MIPA UNSRAT Manado ABSTRACT This research aims to study the effect of skin juice, meat, and hump pineapple against antioxidant activity of corn cobs. Fresh corn cobs cleaned, dried, cut into pieces and blend until simplisia obtained, and extracted with reflux method using ethanol 80% for 2 hours. Extract the corn cob mixed with each meat juice, skin, and hump pineapple. Extracts were mixed successively fractionated with the solvent ethyl acetate. Then testing the total phenolic, whereas to determine antioxidant activity was tested by the ability of DPPH free-radical scavengers. Results from this study indicate that the total phenolic content of the highest in the enzyme extract weevil, and the enzyme extract the meat, followed by skin extract. In testing the antidote to free radicals DPPH the highest of 83.4% hump enzyme extract, meat extract enzymes 82.64%, 81.6% water ratio extracts, skin enzyme extract 81%. Based on the results of research can be concluded that, in addition hump juice, meat and pineapple skin provides enhanced activity of antioxidant phytochemicals to extract corn cobs. Keywords : Corn cobs, skin juice-meat-and hump fruit pineapple, antioxidants. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sari kulit, daging, dan bonggol buah nanas terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dari tongkol jagung. Tongkol jagung segar dibersihkan, dikeringkan, dipotong-potong dan diblender hingga didapat simplisia, dan diekstraksi dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol 80% selama 2 jam. Ekstrak tongkol jagung dicampur dengan masing-masing sari daging, kulit, dan bonggol buah nenas. Ekstrak yang telah dicampur difraksinasi berturut-turut dengan pelarut etil asetat. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian total fenolik, sedangkan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan diuji berdasarkan kemampuan penangkal radikal bebas DPPH. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kandungan total fenolik yang paling tinggi pada ekstrak enzim bonggol dan ekstrak enzim daging, kemudian diikuti ekstrak kulit. Pada pengujian penangkal radikal bebas DPPH yang paling tinggi yaitu ekstrak enzim bonggol 83,4%, ekstrak enzim daging 82,64%, ekstrak perbandingan air 81,6%, ekstrak enzim kulit 81%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, penambahan sari bonggol, daging, dan kulit nenas memberikan peningkatan aktivitas fitokimia antioksidan terhadap ekstrak tongkol jagung. Kata Kunci : Tongkol Jagung, Sari Bonggol-Daging-Kulit Buah Nenas, Antioksidan.
Partitioning average competition and extreme‐genotype effects in genetically diverse infections

Competition between parasite genotypes in genetically diverse infections is widespread. However, experimental evidence on how genetic diversity influences total parasite load is variable. Here we use an additive partition equation to quantify the negative effect of inter-genotypic competition on total parasite load in diverse infections. Our approach controls for extreme-genotype effects, a process that can potentially neutralise, or even reverse, the negative effect of competition on total parasite load. A single extreme-genotype can have a disproportionate effect on total parasite load if it causes the highest parasite load in its single-infection, while increasing its performance in diverse relative to single infections. We show that in theory such disproportionate effects of extreme-genotypes can lead to a higher total parasite load in diverse infections than expected, even if competition reduces individual parasite performance on average. Controlling for the extreme-genotype effect is only possible if the competition effect on total parasite load is measured appropriately as the average difference between the realised number of each parasite genotype in mixed infections and the expected number based on single infection parasite loads. We apply this approach to sticklebacks that were experimentally infected with different trematode genotypes. On average, genetically diverse infections had lower parasite loads than expected from single-infection results. For the first time we demonstrate that competition between co-infecting genotypes per se caused the parasite load reduction, while extreme-genotype effects were not significant. We thus suggest that to correctly quantify the effect of competition alone on total parasite load in genetically diverse infections, the extreme-genotype effect has to be controlled for.
Structure and succession of ant assemblages in a north European sand dune area

Ant assemblages of a successional dune area (Tvarminne, south Finland) were analysed at three levels: the distribution of species among habitats, the distribution of colonies within habitats and the spatio-temporal distribution of individuals. The distribution of ant species among habitat patches representing different stages of succession is correlated with the composition of the epigeic fauna, the number and condition of dead twigs on the ground and the vegetation architecture. The composition of ant assemblages seems relatively independent of the plant species composition, and there are uncoordinated successional steps between the vegetation and ant communities. In the early successional stages interference competition is weak and insignificant, as indicated by the random spatial arrangement of colonies, the absence of postcompetitive niche segregation and the low encounter rates of ant workers on the ground and at baits. In the aggressive behavioural hierarchy, Formica cinerea is a submissive species as compared with either Formica sanguinea or Lasius alienus.
Integrating bioagents with plant extract, oil cake and fungicide in various modes of application for the better management of web blight of urdbean

Abstract Field trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of the integration of treatments based on a bioagent (Trichoderma viride), botanical (leaf extract and cake of Pongamia glabra), fungicide (carboxin) and Rhizobium sp. in various modes of applications for the management of web blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) and their influence on grain yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper). Modes of applications were soil treatment, seed treatment and foliar spray. Among 54 integrations evaluated, soil application of P. glabra cake (200 kg ha−1), seed treatment with integration of T. viride (2 g kg−1 seed), carboxin (1 g kg−1 seed) and Rhizobium sp. (25 g kg−1 seed), and foliar spray of P. glabra leaf extract (10%) were found superior as they increased seed germination by 31.6%, yield by 36.0% and reduced disease intensity by 94.8%, and also significantly enhanced plant height, root length and number of root nodules of urdbean. The same integration without corboxin was also effective and could be used in organic production of urdbean. The integration of any two modes of application was found superior over any one alone.
Chaos in a Noisy World: New Methods and Evidence from Time-Series Analysis

Chaos is usually regarded as a distinct alternative to random effects such as environmental fluctuations or external disturbances. We argue that strict separation between chaotic and stochastic dynamics in ecological systems is unnecessary and misleading, and we present a more comprehensive approach for systems subject to stochastic perturbations. The defining property of chaos is sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Chaotic systems are "noise amplifiers" that magnify perturbations; nonchaotic systems are "noise mufflers" that dampen perturbations. We also present statistical methods for detecting chaos in time-series data, based on using nonlinear time-series modeling to estimate the Lyapunov exponent λ, which gives the average rate at which perturbation effects grow (λ > 0) or decay (λ < 0). These methods allow for dynamic noise and can detect low-dimensional chaos with realistic amounts of data. Results for natural and laboratory populations span the entire range from noise-dominated and strongly stable dynamics through weak chaos. The distribution of estimated Lyapunov exponents is concentrated near the transition between stable and chaotic dynamics. In such borderline cases the fluctuations in short-term Lyapunov exponents may be more informative than the average exponent λ for characterizing nonlinear dynamics.
Diversidad florística de la Serranía de las Quinchas, Magdalena medio (Colombia)

An alphabetical list of vascular herborized plants is presented along with the diversity analysis of the called "Las Quinchas" mountain ridge placed on Puerto Boyaca (Boyaca) and Yacopi (Cundinamarca), between 380 m (on the Magdalena river shores) and 1450 m. 1036 species belonging to 496 genera and 118 families were recorded. 76.4% of this amount are dicots, 16.8% monocots, 6.8% pteridophytes and 0.1% gymnosperms. The families that show the highest number of species are: Polypodiaceae (Pteridophytes); Araceae, Arecaceae, and Poaceae (monocots) and Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Euphorbiaceae, Mimosaceae, Piperaceae, and Moraceae (dicots). It has been observed that the richest families in species number on the tropical region are also important on the Subandean life region. Among the richest families on both life regions figure: Rubiaceae, Araceae, Polypodiaceae, Melastomataceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Piperaceae. The richest genera are: Philodendron, Piper, Anthurium, Psychotria, Inga, and Miconie, This pattern is repeated on both life regions.
Otolith microchemistry as a stock identification tool for freshwater fishes: testing its limits in Lake Erie

We evaluated otolith chemistry as a tool for identifying natal origins of potamodromous fishes using historical Lake Erie water chemistry (1983-2001) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) otolith elemental composition (1994-1996) data. Lake Erie's tributaries had stream-specific chemical signatures that were temporally stable. Correspondingly, the oto- lith microelemental composition of larvae collected from tributary embayments (Sandusky and Maumee bays) was shown to be geographically distinct and the use of known-origin juveniles showed that larval otolith microelemental signatures could be used to accurately identify natal origins and indicate fish movement. Discrimination between offshore spawning locations was relatively difficult, however, indicating limitations to working in systems that are dominated by flow from a single large river (i.e., Detroit River). Interannual variability in otolith microelemental signatures was high such that larvae from one year could not reliably classify natal location of larvae in another year. Development of an annual library of site-specific signatures and exploration of complementary ways to discriminate natal origins would improve the use of oto- lith microchemistry as a fishery management tool in freshwater systems. Resume´ : Nous evaluons la chimie des otolithes comme outil d'identification des origines ala naissance des poissons po- tamodromes en utilisant des donnees de la chimie de l'eau du lac Eriedu passe ´ (1983-2001) et de la composition en ele ´- ments des otolithes (1994-1996) de perchaudes (Perca flavescens). Les tributaires du lac Eriepossedaient des signatures chimiques specifiques a chacun qui etaient stables dans le temps. De meme, les compositions des otolithes en microele ´- ments des larves recoltees dans les baies associees aux tributaires (baies Sandusky et Maumee) etaient geographiquement distinctes; l'utilisation de jeunes d'origine connue a montreque les signatures en microelements des otolithes des larves pouvaient servir aidentifier avec precision les origines a la naissance et decrire les deplacements des poissons. Cependant, la discrimination entre les differents sites de fraie au large etait relativement difficile, ce qui indique les limites qu'il y a a ` travailler dans des systemes qui sont domines par le debit d'une seule grande riviere (c'est-a `-dire la riviere Detroit). La va- riabiliteinterannuelle dans les signatures des otolithes en microelements etait elevee si bien que les larves d'une anneen e pouvaient servir aclassifier de maniere fiable les sites de naissance des larves d'une autre annee. La mise au point de re ´- pertoires annuels de signatures specifiques au site et l'exploration de methodes complementaires pour distinguer les points d'origine ala naissance pourraient ameliorer l'utilisation de la microchimie des otolithes comme outil de gestion des pe ˆ- ches dans les systemes d'eau douce. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Assessing the risks and uncertainties of regional crop potential under a changing climate in Finland

Tutkimus selvitti muutamien kasvien alueellista viljelysopivuutta ja potentiaalista sadontuottoa ilmaston muuttuessa Suomessa. Matemaattisia malleja sovellettiin koko Suomen kattavassa 10 km hilapisteverkossa. Mallien avulla tarkasteltiin erilaisten kevatvehna, ohra, kaura-, peruna- ja maissilajikkeiden kehitysta ja kasvua. Lisaksi selvitettiinperunaruton ja perunan kahden tuhoelaimen, peruna-ankeroisen ja juuren akamaankeroisen esiintymisriskia. Tarkastelu tehtiin seka vertailukauden ilmasto-oloille (1961-1990) etta tulevaisuuden mahdollisille ilmasto-oloille eli skenaarioille, jotka kehitettiin osana Suomalaisen ilmakehanmuutosten tutkimusohjelmaa SILMUa. Tutkimustulokset on esitetty karttoina, joiden tarkeimmat johtopaatokset ovat: (1) Ilmaston lammetessa viljojen viljelysopivuuden pohjoisraja siirtyy noin 100-150 km pohjoisemmaksi jokaista yhden asteen vuosikeskilampotilan nousua kohti. (2) Ilmastonmuutoksesta ja ilman hiilidioksidipitoisuuden kohoamisesta johtuen nykyisin viljeltyjen ohralajikkeiden sadot kasvaisivat koko Suomessa vuoteen 2050 mennessa. (3) Arvioitu ilmaston lampeneminen siirtaa ankeroislajien potentiaalisia esiintymisrajoja pohjoiseen seka lisaa sukupolvien maaraa, joita juuren akamaankeroinen kykenisi vuodessa tuottamaan. Perunan viljelyssa myos ruttoepidemioiden riski lisaantyy. (4) Vuoteen 2050 mennessa maissin viljelyvarmuus olisi parantunut niin, etta Etela-Suomen edullisimmilla alueilla jyvasadot olisivat tyydyttavia. (5) Esitetyt arviot kasvintuotantopotentiaalista ovat epavarmoja, mika johtuu ilmastoskenaarioista, mallien virheista ja epatarkkuuksista, oletuksista ja havaintovirheista.
Using evolutionary tools to facilitate the prediction and prevention of host‐based differentiation in biological control: a review and perspective

The unprecedented success of biological control (biocontrol) agents led some of the proponents of this technology to promote its use as a panacea for all pest problems. Following an accumulation of non-target host interactions, because of generalist or new association introductions, techniques to help ensure classical biocontrol agent's success and reduce non-target interactions were implemented. Even with these new measures in place, public and scientific mistrust and lack of consistency has resulted in increased regulation of biocontrol introductions. This has likely decreased the probability of effective, sustainable control measures being expeditiously implemented. With the current apprehension concerning the safety of biocontrol, we should incorporate the processes (adaptation, selection, etc.) and theoretical concepts of evolutionary biology to predict and enhance the effectiveness of biocontrol. The microevolutionary perspective that involves mutation, drift, selection and gene flow may be a crucial consideration in the realm of biocontrol. Here, we discuss how and why spatial and evolutionary models should be implemented into future risk assessment analyses of potential biocontrol agents. We suggest that it is necessary to re-assess the approach that has developed over the past approximately 100 years of sustained releases and illuminate them in the context of an evolutionary timescale.
Re-emergence of undifferentiated cells from transplants of human induced pluripotent stem cells as a possible risk factor of tumourigenesis

Although induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a potential source for transplantation therapy, malignant transformation (tumourigenesis) remains a major concern in their safe clinical application. iPSCs are considered more tumourigenic than embryonic stem cells (ESCs) because of genetic and epigenetic manipulations. We generated 22 human iPSC lines from normal human fibroblasts and injected three of these cell lines into SCID mice, and produced three tumours, all of which were identified as teratomas with at least two germ layers. Using cells cultured from them, RT-PCR showed that the cells expressed undifferentiated cell markers, including OCT4 and NANOG. This suggests that some undifferentiated cells remain in the teratoma during its formation. We also found emergence of cells expressing undifferentiated cell markers from teratoma-derived cells during culturing with the ESC medium. Immunocytochemical analyses showed that NANOG-, OCT4- and SSEA4-positive cells appeared and increased with time in culture. These data indicate that iPSC-like undifferentiated cells can emerge from differentiated cells under certain condition and they may present a potential risk of tumourigenesis, as do residual iPSCs.
Observations on the life history of Deretrema minutum Manter, 1954 (Digenea: Zoogonidae) in freshwater crustacean and fish hosts from Canterbury, New Zealand

Abstract Two new hosts are recorded for Deretrema minutum Manter, 1954 from freshwater habitats at Lake Ellesmere, Canterbury. These are the mysid Tenagotnysis chiltoni Tattersall, 1923 which acts as a second intermediate host and harbours the encysted metacercariae, and the smelt, Retropinna retropinna (Richardson, 1848), which contains adult worms. Adult D. minutum were also found in the inanga Galaxias maculatus Jenyns, 1842. A large proportion of metacercariae within the crustacean host exhibited progenesis which results in the production of numerous eggs. Ovigerous metacercariae were identical with adult D. minutum recovered from the intestine of freshwater fishes from Lake Ellesmere. A description of the metacercaria is given.
Establishment and characterization of in vitro model of human beige adipocytes using adenoviral delivery of BMP7 (133.1)

Browning of white adipose tissue is an attractive target to facilitate weight loss and improve metabolic health. Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) is known to stimulate brown adipogenesis, but the molecular identity and metabolic characteristics are unknown. To establish in vitro model of human beige adipocytes, human adipose stem cells (hASCs) were first infected with adenoviral (Ad)‐BMP7 followed by adipogenic differentiation. Delivery of Ad‐BMP7 to hASCs was associated with 1) positive correlation with PPARγ (r2=0.9), 2) a robust increase of UCP1, Cidea, ADR3, and DIO2, and 3) a significant increase of beige‐specific markers, including CD137 and TMEM26. The uptake of 2‐deoxy‐3H‐glucose and 14C‐oleic acid was significantly higher in adipocytes infected with Ad‐BMP7 compared to Ad‐GFP. Moreover, cAMP‐stimulated lipolysis was augmented in Ad‐BMP7 infected adipocytes compared to Ad‐GFP group. Taken together, we demonstrated that delivery of Ad‐BMP7 to hASCs induced beige adipocytes that expressed beige‐selective markers and resembled brown fat metabolic characteristics. Therefore, our human beige adipocyte model would serve as an important tool for the development of new strategies against obesity.