Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Mineral Constituents of Apium graveolens L available in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Apium graveolens L, member of the family "Umbelliferae", is an unadventurous vegetable which is known to be beneficial in the treatment of a number of diseases. Samples of Apium graveolens L were obtained in the month of May-July, 2013, from its natural habitat as wild species and seeds (Celery) of the same were collected from three different markets of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan i.e. Peshawar, Swat and DI Khan. In this work, the wild plant as well as the market celery was investigated for proximate composition, elemental analysis, phytochemical screening, essential oils and vitamin – C. Analysis of the study revealed average 50% moisture in the aerial parts and seeds of the plant. It was found that the leaves of the subject plant contained the maximum level of vitamin -C (60.35 mg 100-1 gm) while seeds were found to be containing the minimum level of vitaminC (1.34 mg 100-1gm). Elemental analysis of the data suggested that highest amount of K (5100 μg gˉ1), P (4099 μg gˉ1), Ca (674 μg gˉ1), Ni (4.41 μg gˉ1), Cd (1.94 μg gˉ1) and Se (0.41 μg gˉ1) was observed in the roots of the plant where as minimum level of Fe (141.23 μg gˉ1), Mn (27.58 μg gˉ1), and Zn (12.32 μg gˉ1) was found in the leaves of the plant. The mean values of the data suggest that the maximum level of K was present in the roots of the plant (5100 μg gˉ1) followed by that of stem (2321 μg gˉ1) whereas minimum level was investigated in the leaves of the plant (1966 μg gˉ1). The knowledge of mineral constituents of this plant could be beneficial for medicinal use and pharmacological actions.
Reduction to normal of plasma glucose in juvenile diabetes by subcutaneous administration of insulin with a portable infusion pump.

To improve plasma glucose control, we administered insulin via the subcutaneous route in seven ambulatory patients with juvenile diabetes (12 to 17 years of age), using a portable infusion pump at a basal rate with pulse-dose increments before meals. After two to four days, the mean plasma glucose (+/- 1 S.E.) of 94 +/- 5 mg per deciliter was markedly lower than when insulin was given by conventional methods in the patients' usual dose (243 +/- 28, P less than 0.01) or in a total dose equivalent to that administered with the pump (150 +/- 15, P less than 0.01). Maximal fluctuations in plasma glucose were also 50 to 150 mg per deciliter below those observed with conventional treatment (P less than 0.001). Glycosuria was eliminated in six of seven patients during pump treatment. None of the subjects had hypoglycemia. These results demonstrate that plasma glucose can be lowered to normal in ambulatory patients with brittle juvenile diabetes using a portable, subcutaneous insulin infusion system for two to four days. The feasibility and value of the long-term application of this technic need exploration.
A Sequential Scanning of the Immune Efficiency in Astrocytoma (Grade I to Grade III), Meningioma and Secondary Glioma Patients with and without Therapeutic Scheduling

Purpose: Glioma induces immune suppression. However, data revealing the immune status in glioma patients with sequential therapeutic interventions is missing. Thus, the study aims at evaluating the sequential immune status of glioma bearing patients (Astrocytoma Grade I to Grade III) receiving conventional therapeutic measures. The results were compared with the immune status of metastatic secondary glioma and meningioma patients where there is minimal immune suppression and the effect of therapeutic intervention on the above score. Methods: Functional immune parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes were assayed by CD2 receptors enumeration through E-rosetting and lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay and assessing the generation of reactive oxygen species by NBT assay of peripheral blood macrophages in patient groups bearing Astrocytoma (Grade I to Grade III), meningioma and secondary glioma. Results: Patients bearing Astrocytoma (all 3 grades) showed maximum immune suppression as compared to the normal subjects, diseased meningioma controls, and secondary glioma. Therapeutic interventions viz. radiotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy after surgery and chemotherapy could not recover the suppressed activity of the CD2 bearing lymphocytes and that of peripheral blood macrophages. However, therapeutic scheduling could recover the functional activity of the CD8 bearing lymphocytes and the CD56 NK cells from that of tumor bearing patients. Conclusion: Astrocytoma and not meningioma is capable of causing immunesuppression. As the tumor progresses from Grade I to Grade III, a linear reduction in the functional efficacy of immunocytes is seen to occur. Radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy also induces an inhibitory effect towards the host immune system. The inhibitory effect of tumor as well as of therapy were mainly directed towards the CD2 bearing lymphocyte population and the peripheral blood macrophage population.
Formation of 1,3-cyclohexanediones and resorcinols catalyzed by a widely occurring ketosynthase.

Overlooked, but widespread! A new class of ketosynthases (DarB) involved in the biosynthesis of 1,3-cyclohexanediones and dialkylresorcinols has been identified and characterized in detail. The presence of homologues in 89 different bacteria, including several pathogens, reveals that DarB as well as the corresponding natural products might be widespread, thus presenting a new but so far overlooked pathway to natural products.
High-energy tibial plateau fractures treated with Ilizarov fixator

Introduction/Objective. Tibial plateau fractures constitute a significant group of injuries to a major weight-bearing joint. High-energy fractures are difficult to treat, as they entail articular depression, condylar displacement, dissociation of comminuted metaphysis, and closed degloving injuries. The principles of the treatment are anatomical reconstruction of the articular surface, restoration of the anatomical axis, fixation spanning the metaphyseal comminution, and further minimization of soft tissue injury. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of using Ilizarov external fixator in the treatment of high-energy Schatzker IV, V, and VI tibial plateau fractures. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted from 2013? 2016 on 35 patients (36 fractures) with high-energy tibial plateau fractures classified as Schatzker type IV, V, and VI. The mechanisms of injury were road traffic accident, fall from a height and direct trauma. The fractures were closed in 26 cases and open in 10 cases. All patients were treated with ligamentotaxis and percutaneous fixation using Ilizarov fixator. Functional outcome was determined using the Knee Society Score. Results. The mean follow-up period was 20 months. All fractures healed in an average time of 14 weeks. The range of knee flexion after one-year follow-up averaged at 100? Average Knee Society Score in our study was 77. Conclusion. Ilizarov external fixation is a safe and efficient treatment modality for high-energy tibial plateau fractures. It allows reconstruction of the articular surface, stable fixation, early rehabilitation, and care of soft tissue injuries.
Frequency Measures Obtained from the Surface Electrocardiogram in Atrial Fibrillation Research and Clinical Decision‐Making

Introduction: Frequency analysis of fibrillation (FAF) and time‐frequency analysis (TFA) were developed recently in order to quantify atrial electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF) from the surface ECG. This article describes the experience with these two different frequency analysis techniques in consecutive AF patients and discusses possible applications in AF research and clinical decision‐making.
A SCADA System Using Mobile Agents for a Next-Generation Distribution System

We examine a future distribution system capable of solving problems caused by the connection of numerous distributed generators. A supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition (SCADA) system for this distribution system should be economical, flexible, and reliable, and should execute a real-time process. In this paper, we propose a SCADA system using mobile agents for flexibility. In addition, we show two types of communication protocols that make agent migration more fault-tolerant, and perform experiments where the SCADA system executes earth fault protection within the required time. These results indicate that the SCADA system based on our proposed technologies should be capable of fulfilling the real-time processing requirement.
Altered Granger Causal Connectivity of Resting-State Neural Networks in Patients With Leukoaraiosis-Associated Cognitive Impairment—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The purpose of this study was to provide an imaging reference for the measurement of disease progression, as well as to reveal the pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis (LA). Methods: Eighty-seven subjects were divided into three groups: LA patients with vascular dementia (LA-VaD) (20 subjects: 14 female, 6 male), LA patients with vascular cognitive impairment nondementia (LA-VCIND) (32 subjects: 14 male, 18 female), and normal controls (NC) (35 subjects: 14 male, 21 female). A multivariate Granger causality analysis (mGCA) was applied to the resting-state networks (RSNs) to evaluate the possible effective connectivity within the resting-state networks retrieved by independent component analysis (ICA) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. Results: Ten RSNs were identified: the primary visual network, secondary visual network, auditory network, sensorimotor network, anterior default mode network, posterior default mode network, salience network, dorsal attention network, left working memory network, and the right working memory network. Using independent component analysis, significant average Z scores were found in the anterior default mode network, salience network, dorsal attention network, and right working memory network between LA-VAD and NC groups. The functional connectivity (FC) strength of the networks was different between the NC, LA-VCIND, and LA-VaD groups. Effective connectivity between RSNs was compensated by either increased or decreased effective connectivity changes in these three groups. Conclusions: The components of resting-state networks kept changing as the disease progressed. Meanwhile, the activation intensity increased at the early stage of LA and decreased as patients' cognitive impairment aggravated. Furthermore, the direction and strength of connections between these networks changed and remodeled differently. These suggest that the human brain compensates for specific functional changes at different stages.
The release of corticotrophin by anterior pituitary tissue in vitro.

The release of ACTH by rat anterior pituitary tissue in vitro was used as a test system for the detection of factors that stimulate ACTH-release. The results indicate that:1. Epinephrine or arterenol, added by themselves, are without effect.2. Hypothalamic tissue alone is also ineffective.3. The combination of hypothalamic tissue with epinephrine or arterenol increases the release of ACTH about threefold.4. Brain cortex can replace hypothalamus.5. Liver cannot replace neural tissue; acetyl choline and serotonin cannot replace epinephrine or arterenol.6. The greatest stimulation of ACTH-release (six- to eight-fold) occurs with posterior pituitary tissue plus arterenol. The arterenol may be replaced by hypothalamus or sphingosine, but not by dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine), which is structurally similar to arterenol.7. The posterior pituitary is probably involved in the response of the anterior pituitary–adrenocortical system to stress.
Herpesviral microRNAs in Cellular Metabolism and Immune Responses

The microRNAs (miRNAs) function as a key regulator in many biological processes through post-transcriptional suppression of messenger RNAs. Recent advancements have revealed that miRNAs are involved in many biological functions of cells. Not only host cells, but also some viruses encode miRNAs in their genomes. Viral miRNAs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle to establish infection and produce viral progeny. Particularly, miRNAs encoded by herpes virus families play integral roles in persistent viral infection either by regulation of metabolic processes or the immune response of host cells. The life-long persistent infection of gamma herpes virus subfamilies, such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, induces host cells to malignant transformation. The unbalanced metabolic processes and evasion from host immune surveillance by viral miRNAs are induced either by direct targeting of key proteins or indirect regulation of multiple signaling pathways. We provide an overview of the pathogenic roles of viral miRNAs in cellular metabolism and immune responses during herpesvirus infection.
Primarily resected meningiomas: outcome and prognostic factors in 581 Mayo Clinic patients, 1978 through 1988.

OBJECTIVE To establish prognostic factors for recurrence and outcome of surgical treatment, with or without postoperative radiation therapy, in patients with meningiomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1978 through 1988, 581 patients underwent initial resection of a previously untreated primary meningioma at Mayo Clinic Rochester. In this study cohort, the outcome and prognostic factors associated with radiographic progression-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS Gross total resection (GTR) of the meningioma was accomplished in 80% of patients; the other 20% underwent less than GTR. Perioperative mortality within 10 days was 1.6%. Overall survival was significantly decreased from that for an age- and sex-matched cohort from the US white population. Progression-free survival at 5 and 10 years was 88% and 75%, respectively, in patients who underwent GTR and 61% and 39%, respectively, in those who underwent less than GTR. Multivariate analysis showed that age younger than 40 years, male sex, less than GTR, optic nerve involvement, and 4 or more mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields were associated with decreased progression-free survival. The 581 patients had 106 first recurrences. A trend toward improved progression-free survival was noted after first recurrence when irradiation with or without operation was used in comparison with only surgical treatment (P = 0.058). CONCLUSION With only operative treatment of meningioma, the 10-year recurrence rate was 25% in patients who had GTR and 61% in those who had less than GTR. These results emphasize the need for long-term follow-up and for consideration of adjuvant radiation therapy. Patients treated at the time of recurrence seem to benefit from radiation therapy with or without surgical resection. Factors associated with recurrence were (1) less than GTR, (2) involvement of the anterior visual pathway, (3) age younger than 40 years, and (4) increased mitotic index.
Efficacy of Treatment of Trochanteric Bursitis: A Systematic Review

Objective:Trochanteric bursitis (TB) is a self-limiting disorder in the majority of patients and typically responds to conservative measures. However, multiple courses of nonoperative treatment or surgical intervention may be necessary in refractory cases. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of TB. Data Sources:A literature search in the PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases was performed for all English language studies up to April 2010. Terms combined in a Boolean search were greater trochanteric pain syndrome, trochanteric bursitis, trochanteric, bursitis, surgery, therapy, drug therapy, physical therapy, rehabilitation, injection, Z-plasty, Z-lengthening, aspiration, bursectomy, bursoscopy, osteotomy, and tendon repair. Study Selection:All studies directly involving the treatment of TB were reviewed by 2 authors and selected for further analysis. Expert opinion and review articles were excluded, as well as case series with fewer than 5 patients. Twenty-four articles were identified. According to the system described by Wright et al, 2 studies, each with multiple arms, qualified as level I evidence, 1 as level II, 1 as level III, and the rest as level IV. More than 950 cases were included. Data Extraction:The authors extracted data regarding the type of intervention, level of evidence, mean age of patients, patient gender, number of hips in the study, symptom duration before the study, mean number of injections before the study, prior hip surgeries, patient satisfaction, length of follow-up, baseline scores, and follow-up scores for the visual analog scale (VAS) and Harris Hip Scores (HHS). Data Synthesis:Symptom resolution and the ability to return to activity ranged from 49% to 100% with corticosteroid injection as the primary treatment modality with and without multimodal conservative therapy. Two comparative studies (levels II and III) found low-energy shock-wave therapy (SWT) to be superior to other nonoperative modalities. Multiple surgical options for persistent TB have been reported, including bursectomy (n = 2), longitudinal release of the iliotibial band (n = 2), proximal or distal Z-plasty (n = 4), osteotomy (n = 1), and repair of gluteus medius tears (n = 4). Conclusions:Efficacy among surgical techniques varied depending on the clinical outcome measure, but all were superior to corticosteroid therapy and physical therapy according to the VAS and HHS in both comparison studies and between studies. This systematic review found that traditional nonoperative treatment helped most patients, SWT was a good alternative, and surgery was effective in refractory cases.
Learning and teaching in dermatology. A practitioner's guide.

BACKGROUND The explosion of medical knowledge, the influence of communications technology, and the pressures for health care reform challenge dermatologists to learn efficiently and teach effectively. OBSERVATIONS The vast body of material on teaching and learning in the education literature contrasts sharply with the limited information on these topics in the dermatology literature. Gaining an understanding of these approaches to learning provides a foundation for the design of personal continuing medical education plans and lesson plans for students. Practical teaching skills are emphasized in this review. CONCLUSIONS Learning and teaching skills can be improved through study. Successful teaching often produces positive feedback, which can lead to renewed enthusiasm for educating clinicians in the field of dermatology.
The Role of Glial Glutamate Transporters in Maintaining the Independent Operation of Juvenile Mouse Cerebellar Parallel Fibre Synapses

There is controversy over the extent to which glutamate released at one synapse can escape from the synaptic cleft and affect receptors at other synapses nearby, thereby compromising the synapse‐specificity of information transmission. Here we show that the glial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT‐1 limit the activation of Purkinje cell AMPA receptors produced by glutamate diffusion between parallel fibre synapses in the cerebellar cortex of juvenile mice. For a single stimulus to the cerebellar molecular layer of wild‐type mice, increasing the number of activated parallel fibres prolonged the parallel fibre EPSC, demonstrating an interaction between different synapses. Knocking out GLAST, or blocking GLT‐1 in the absence of GLAST, prolonged the EPSC when many parallel fibres were stimulated but not when few were stimulated. When spatially separated parallel fibres were activated by granular layer stimulation, the EPSC prolongation produced by stimulating more fibres or reducing glutamate transport was greatly reduced. Thus, GLAST and GLT‐1 curtail the EPSC produced by a single stimulus only when many nearby fibres are simultaneously activated. However when trains of stimuli were applied, even to a small number of parallel fibres, knocking out GLAST or blocking GLT‐1 in the absence of GLAST greatly prolonged and enhanced the AMPA receptor‐mediated current. These results show that glial cell glutamate transporters allow neighbouring synapses to operate more independently, and control the postsynaptic response to high frequency bursts of action potentials.
Standardizing Ethical Design Considerations for Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems

AI is here now, available to and extending the powers of anyone with access to digital technology and the Internet. But its consequences for our social order are not only not understood, but barely even yet the subject of study. How can we guide the way technology is changing society? Since 2015, the IEEE has been developing principles for ethical design for intelligent and autonomous systems.
In vitro wear of indirect composite restoratives.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Indirect composite restoratives have been improved in their wear resistance and physical properties. Several new indirect composites claim to be successfully used for full coverage crowns, but there is limited information for wear values of these new indirect composites. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wear characteristics of 7 indirect composite restoratives and to compare them with a type III gold alloy by means of an in vitro wear test. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven indirect composites (2 photopolymerized and 5 photo/heat-polymerized types) and a type III gold alloy (control) were used. Cylindrical Class I cavities (4-mm diameter and 3-mm depth) were prepared in occlusally flattened extracted human molars. Inlays with respective materials were fabricated on duplicated stone casts according to the manufacturers' instructions. Three types of in vitro wear tests were completed by use of the University of Alabama wear simulator. The wear tests included generalized wear as simulation of the wear during mastication, localized wear as simulation of attrition by occlusal contact, and antagonistic enamel wear, which simulated the wear of enamel created by direct contact with the restorative materials. Seven specimens were tested for each material and wear mode, and the wear depths were measured on profilometric tracings with a 2-dimensional profilometer with 1-microm accuracy. All data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance, and multiple comparisons were performed with Fisher's test, for which the significant level was set at.05. RESULTS The gold alloy control exhibited a very small amount of wear in both generalized wear (0.2 +/- 0.1 microm) and localized wear (13.8 +/- 5.0 microm) as compared with all composite specimens. The antagonistic enamel wear of gold alloy was similar with the value of Sculpture. The material group, which was post polymerized or post heat-treated, included BelleGlass, Sculpture, Estenia, and Cristobal+ and showed small values ranging from 1.6 to 2.2 microm in the generalized wear. For the localized wear, Estenia exhibited the minimum value (12.8 +/- 4.9 microm) that was statistically the same as the value of the gold alloy control. However, Estenia exhibited the greatest antagonistic enamel wear value (66.0 +/- 14.0 microm) of all materials tested in this study. It was statistically significant with other materials (P</=.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that some indirect composite restoratives have similar wear resistance to the type III gold alloy tested. Antagonistic enamel was abraded more by highly filled composite materials.