Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism and regulation of mRNA polyadenylation.

A poly(A) tail is found at the 38 end of nearly every fully processed eukaryotic mRNA and has been suggested to influence virtually all aspects of mRNA metabolism. Its proposed functions include conferring mRNA stability, promoting an mRNA’s translational efficiency, and having a role in transport of processed mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (for recent reviews, see Lewis et al. 1995; Sachs et al. 1997; Wickens et al. 1997). The reaction that catalyzes the addition of the poly(A) tail, an endonucleolytic cleavage followed by poly(A) synthesis, has also been the focus of intense investigation but, until recently, may have been viewed as a process that follows a predictable, isolated, and invariant path. Yet, as more is learned about 38-end formation, it becomes clear that the function of the polyadenylation machinery extends beyond simply adding poly(A) tails to mRNAs. The first report of a component of the mammalian cleavage and polyadenylation machinery was nearly 40 years ago in a paper describing an activity found in thymus nuclei extracts that could synthesize poly(A) from ATP (Edmonds and Abrams 1960). Ten years passed before poly(A) tails were identified as a post-transcriptionally added modification of mRNA 38 termini and a possible function was assigned to poly(A) polymerase (Darnell et al. 1971; Edmonds et al. 1971; Lee et al. 1971). But nearly another decade elapsed before it was found that transcription proceeds past the polyadenylation site, revealing that a mechanism other than transcriptional termination generates mRNA 38 ends (Ford and Hsu 1978; Nevins and Darnell 1978; Manley et al. 1982). The pace of discovery quickened with the development of cell extracts that reproduce the reaction, and this allowed the subsequent and still ongoing biochemical characterization of mRNA 38-end formation (Manley 1983; Moore and Sharp 1984, 1985). The results from this work have shown that nuclear cleavage and poly(A) addition occurs in a coupled reaction and is carried out by a suprisingly large complex of multisubunit proteins (for recent reviews, see Keller 1995; Manley 1995). Several years were devoted to detailing the mechanism of 38-end formation, assigning relatively simple functions to each separable factor of the complex polyadenylation machinery. With the cloning of cDNAs encoding many of these factors, we have enjoyed an accelerated pace in understanding their precise functions, as well as the unexpected bonuses of finding that these basal factors link nuclear polyadenylation to a variety of cellular processes and that they can be important targets for regulating gene expression. Here we describe how information gained from studies done over the last few years has enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of the proteins catalyzing polyadenylation. We concentrate on mammalian systems but also highlight progress that points to both similarities and differences in yeast polyadenylation. From reviewing the latest events, we not only see how far we have come in 40 years but also become more aware of the rich path of discovery that lies ahead.
Mothers’ and fathers’ attendance in a community-based universally offered parenting program in Sweden

Aim: Using a public health perspective, this study examined the characteristics of mothers and fathers who attended, compared to those who did not attend, a community-based practitioner-led universally offered parenting program. Method: Mothers (141) and fathers (96) of 4- to 5-year-olds completed a set of questionnaires, including their demographic characteristics, their child’s behavioral and emotional problems, and their own parenting behavior. They were all then given the opportunity to attend level 2 of the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program. During the first six months of the study, 33 mothers and 11 fathers opted to attend the program. Results: The relation between program attendance and parental characteristics was similar for mothers and fathers. In general, fathers, non-native and lower educated parents were less likely to attend the program. Mothers, but not fathers, were more likely to attend if they reported more child behavior problems, while fathers, but not mothers, were observed at a trend level to attend if they perceived their child as having more emotional problems. In addition, parents in general were more likely to attend if they used more harsh parenting strategies. Conclusions: Although the universal offer did not reach parents universally, generally those parents who needed it were more likely to attend. Furthermore, this study shows that different factors may impact mothers’ and fathers’ attendance; therefore, parental data should be analyzed separately and different recruitment strategies should be used for mothers and fathers.
The Time-Course of Metaphor Comprehension: An Event-Related Potential Study

ERPs were recorded while subjects were reading short familiar metaphors (e.g., Those fighters are lions), unfamiliar metaphors (Those apprentices are lions), or literal control sentences (Those animals are lions) presented in isolation or preceded by either an irrelevant or relevant context (e.g., They are not idiotic: ." vs. "They are not cowardly: Those fighters are lions"). The terminal word of metaphors elicited larger N400 components than did the terminal word of literal sentences (Experiment 1) suggesting that the (incongruous) literal meaning of metaphors was indeed accessed at some point during comprehension. The analysis of the 600-1000 and 1000-1400 latency bands (Late Positive Components) revealed no significant difference between metaphors and literal sentences. The manipulation of metaphor difficulty (Experiments 2 and 3) also failed to reveal any late effect specifically linked to metaphorical processing. Finally, an effect of the preceding sentence context was found in Experiments 3 and 4, as early as 300 ms following the terminal word onset. Overall, these results support a context-dependent account of metaphor comprehension stating that when contextually relevant, the metaphorical meaning is the only one accessed.
Cost-based dimensioning of Battery Energy Storage and energy management system for Frequency Containment Reserves provision

Frequency Containment reserves (FCR), previously called primary reserves, are an important feature insuring safe and reliable operations of the Continental Europe grid. Due to their strong technical requirements, gas and hydro power plants are the almost exclusive provider of FCR. Since gas power plants are becoming less profitable in Europe, a lot of efforts are deployed into FCR diversification. This paper assesses the potential for battery energy storage systems (BESS) to deliver FCR combined with a slow-moving thermal power plant and other emergency solutions such as load shedding and dissipating resistances. A proportional-integral energy management control loop is used whose parameters are tuned by an economic evaluation. We show that economic opportunity already exists today. Some limitations are discussed due to simplifying assumptions. The best solution consists of a 1MW/1.4MWh battery and a 0.09MW power plant per MW of provided FCR reducing by 90% the reservation on power plants.
Multiple gustatory receptors required for the caffeine response in Drosophila

The ability of insects to detect and avoid ingesting naturally occurring repellents and insecticides is essential for their survival. Nevertheless, the gustatory receptors enabling them to sense toxic botanical compounds are largely unknown. The only insect gustatory receptor shown to be required for avoiding noxious compounds is the Drosophila caffeine receptor, Gr66a. However, this receptor is not sufficient for the caffeine response, suggesting that Gr66a may be a subunit of a larger receptor. Here, we report that mutations in the gene encoding the gustatory receptor, Gr93a, result in a phenotype identical to that caused by mutations in Gr66a. This includes an inability to avoid caffeine or the related methylxanthine present in tea, theophylline. Caffeine-induced action potentials were also eliminated in Gr93a-mutant animals, while the flies displayed normal responses to other aversive compounds or to sugars. The Gr93a protein was coexpressed with Gr66a in avoidance-gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs), and functioned in the same GRNs as Gr66a. However, misexpression of both receptors in GRNs that normally do not express either Gr93a or Gr66a does not confer caffeine sensitivity to these GRNs. Because Gr93a- and Gr66a-mutant animals exhibit the identical phenotypes and function in the same cells, we propose that they may be caffeine coreceptors. In contrast to mammalian and Drosophila olfactory receptors and mammalian taste receptors, which are monomeric or dimeric receptors, we propose that Drosophila taste receptors that function in avoidance of bitter compounds are more complex and require additional subunits that remain to be identified.
Asset price dynamics in a financial market with fundamentalists and chartists.

In this paper we consider a model of the dynamics of speculative markets involving the interaction of fundamentalists and chartists. The dynamics of the model are driven by a two-dimensional map that in the space of the parameters displays regions of invertibility and noninvertibility. The paper focuses on a study of local and global bifurcations which drastically change the qualitative structure of the basins of attraction of several, often coexistent, attracting sets. We make use of the theory of critical curves associated with noninvertible maps, as well as of homoclinic bifurcations and homoclinic orbits of saddles in regimes of invertibility.
The calendar effect of Dutch Auction on Gongtianxia's agricultural products

In recent years, agricultural e-commerce sales model is in full swing. As the nation’s largest B2C e-commerce company of agricultural products, ShanXi GongTianXia E-commerce Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "GongTianXia ") launched the "7-day auction" and "15-minute auction" since the end of 2014 on their official Wechat platform. Through these two new sales patterns, GongTianXia wants to attract more customers’ attention to agricultural products, and thus lead to greater trade volume and profits.Many studies have shown that "calendar effect" has a wide range of use in financial markets. Likewise, as temporal-series data, did GongTianXia’s two kinds of price reduction auctions have similarities with the laws of financial markets? There’s no research to prove it so far. Taking GongTianXia’s over 200,000 transactions data occurred during 432 instances of “7-day auction” and 943 instances of “15-minute auction” within 2015, this paper discusses the impacts of different periods of “significant time points” under both “7-day auction” and “15-minute auction” on different types of commodities, then explain why those results may happen. With the findings, we can improve calender effect theory and make a theoretical complement for Dutch auction as Mobile commerce, and give more optimization advices on mobile
Analysis of BPSK modulated asynchronous band-limited DS-CDMA systems with diversity receivers over generalised-K fading channels

The authors studied bit-error rate (BER) performance of asynchronous band-limited direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems with various diversity-combining receivers over Generalised- K fading channels. The effects of band-limited pulse shapes, multitone jamming, multiple-access interference as well as both flat and frequency-selective fading are considered. The Generalised- K model is adopted in order to include the effects of shadowing and fading of a wireless channel. The authors consider binary phase-shift keying as the modulation technique. The analytical expressions are valid for any arbitrary value of Generalised- K distribution parameters. Two types of band-limited pulses, namely spectrum raised cosine and Beaulieu-Tan-Damen (BTD) pulses, are incorporated in the analysis. Numerical results show that the system with BTD pulse outperforms the one with SRC pulse for various diversity-combining receivers under various channel conditions. Furthermore, by incorporating a minimum mean-square error stage in the multipath diversity receiver, the BER performance can be further improved.
Novel mad2 Alleles Isolated in a Schizosaccharomyces pombe γ-Tubulin Mutant Are Defective in Metaphase Arrest Activity, but Remain Functional for Chromosome Stability in Unperturbed Mitosis

A previously isolated fission yeast γ-tubulin mutant containing apparently stabilized microtubules proliferated at an approximately identical rate as wild type, yet the mutant mitosis spindle dynamics were aberrant, particularly the kinetochore microtubule dynamics. Progression through mitosis in the mutant, however, resulted in mostly accurate chromosome segregation. In the absence of the spindle assembly checkpoint gene, mad2+, the spindle dynamics in the γ-tubulin mutant were greatly compromised, leading to a high incidence of chromosome missegregation. Unlike in wild-type cells, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Mad2 protein often accumulated near one of the poles of an elongating spindle in the γ-tubulin mutant. We isolated novel mad2 mutants that were defective in arresting mitotic progression upon gross perturbation of the spindle formation but remained functional for the viability of the γ-tubulin mutant. Further, the mad2 mutations did not appreciably destabilize minichromosomes in unperturbed mitoses. When overexpressed ectopically, these mutant Mad2 proteins sequestered wild-type Mad2, preventing its function in mitotic checkpoint arrest, but not in minichromosome stability. These results indicated that the Mad2 functions required for checkpoint arrest and chromosome stability in unperturbed mitosis are genetically discernible. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that GFP-fused mutant Mad2 proteins formed a Mad1-containing complex with altered stability compared to that formed with wild-type Mad2, providing clues to the novel mad2 mutant phenotype.
Peritoneal Dialysis: Global Update

p eritoneal dialysis has evolved considerably over the last three decades. The dramatic increase in its use was initially related to the introduction of CAPD in 1976. Since then, the use ofPD has shown a linear increase. Associated with this dramatic rise in the number of patients on PD have been developments in the associated technology and in understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and complications and the means to overcome them. The result has been an improvement in patient survival rates, now comparable to those for hemodialysis (1), and an improvement in technique survival rates, presently still below that for HD (2). Despite truly impressive technical modifications and improved outcomes, PD technique survival re mains low, and long-term technique survival on PD is limited to between 2% and 4% of patients beyond 5 to 8 years of therapy (3).
An authentication protocol based on Chinese remainder theorem in wireless sensor networks

Nowadays authentication has become an important technology in the fields of network security. Because of the limitation of the resource and computing capability in wireless sensor network, a kind of simple and efficient authentication protocol needs to be taken into account. Moreover, a few security flaws have been found in a few related protocols. Therefore, an authentication protocol has been presented based on Chinese remainder theorem (CRT), and security analysis and performance testing related to this protocol have been performed. The results hereby show that the protocol has the high security level and stable performance.
CS 224D Final Project: Neural Network Ensembles for Sentiment Classiﬁcation

We investigate the effect of ensembling on two simple models: LSTM and bidirectional LSTM. These models are used for ﬁne-grained sentiment classiﬁcation on the Stanford Sentiment Treebank dataset. We observe that ensembling improves the classiﬁcation accuracy by about 3% over single models. Moreover, the more complex model, bidirectional LSTM, beneﬁts more from ensembling.
Millennial-Scale Planktic Foraminifer Faunal Variability in the East China Sea during the Past 40000 Years (IMAGES MD012404 from the Okinawa Trough)

High resolution planktic foraminifer fauna assemblage data are used to reconstruct the millennial-scale sea surface temperature (SST) variability of the past 40000 years at an IMAGES core site (MD012404) in the Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea (ECS). The fauna assemblages in core MD012404 are dominated by five species Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Globigerinita glutinata, which account for > 70% in relative abundance. Our Q-mode factor analysis decomposed the fauna abundance data into three factors, which indicate cold water mass, warm water mass, and possibly coastal water flow with low salinity in the ECS. The MD012404 fauna data show abrupt changes at ~16 kya, suggesting a return to a warmer climate or warm water intrusion of the Kuroshio into the Okinawa Trough since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). SST estimates based on the fauna assemblages of planktic foraminifers indicate a LGM cooling of 1 - 2C. A maximum cooling by 3 - 4C is observed in episodic, millennial-scale events in the glacial stages of the record. The SST record displays variability that closely tracks the structure of oxygen isotopes of stalagmites from Hulu Cave and ice cores from GISP 2 Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events. Low salinity in the ECS is inferred based on MD012404 fauna SST and planktic foraminifer oxygen isotope records for the cold millennial-scale intervals, pointing to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and/or East Asian monsoon as important factors driving SST and salinity in the subtropical western Pacific, both on orbital and suborbital time scales.
Mobile Encryption Gateway (MEG) for Email Encryption

Email cryptography applications often suffer from major problems that prevent their widespread implementation. MEG, or the Mobile Encryption Gateway aims to fix the issues associated with email encryption by ensuring that encryption is easy to perform while still maintaining data security. MEG performs automatic decryption and encryption of all emails using PGP. Users do not need to understand the internal workings of the encryption process to use the application. MEG is meant to be email-client-agnostic, enabling users to employ virtually any email service to send messages. Encryption actions are performed on the user's mobile device, which means their keys and data remain personal. MEG can also tackle network effect problems by inviting non-users to join. Most importantly, MEG uses end-to-end encryption, which ensures that all aspects of the encrypted information remains private. As a result, we are hopeful that MEG will finally solve the problem of practical email encryption.
TREATMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM B LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE SYNDROME BY LOCAL INFUSION OF A B CELL‐SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

&NA; A 9-month-old infant developed Epstein-Barr virusinduced lymphoproliferative syndrome with mediastinal and central nervous system localizations, associated with mediastinal tuberculosis, 5 months after heart transplantation. As a combination of anti—B cell antibodies (CD21− and CD24-specific) and recombinant interferon alpha 2b, given intravenously, was not effective on the central nervous system disease, the anti-CD21 antibody was infused intrathecally via an Ommaya reservoir. High local concentrations of monoclonal antibodies were achieved, with no adverse effects. A dramatic clinical response was obtained, with clearance of abnormal cells from the cerebrospinal fluid and a clear reduction in the abnormalities on the brain images. The patient is well 7 months later. This observation indicates that treatment of B lymphoproliferative syndrome with central nervous system localization is feasible using a nontoxic, local B cell—specific approach.
Non-linear analytical model for a multi-v-shape IPM with concentrated winding

This paper presents a non-linear analytical model of a multi-V-shape Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor with non-overlapping concentrated winding. The model relies on Maxwell equations to compute the flux density in the different parts of the motor. This article proposes a saturated analytical model of the stator and the rotor. The analytical model is used to calculate the average torque, the power factor and the voltage of the motor. It is compared to 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and shows very good results. The developed model is 5 times faster than the FEA thus, it can be used in optimization procedures.
Virtual synchronous control of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines

This paper proposes a virtual synchronous control strategy for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines. On the basis of the proposed excitation control model orientated by rotor flux, and the P-f, Q-V droop control models which emulate the governor and exciter of synchronous machine, this paper established the basic virtual synchronous control structure for DFIG. This control strategy can provide DFIGbased wind turbines with intrinsic regulation ability of frequency and voltage without using the phase-locked loop (PLL) of the grid. Considering the power limitation under certain wind speed, the proposed adaptive droop control method realized the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of wind turbines in steady state. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented virtual synchronous control for grid-connected DFIG. This control strategy can not only provide the possibility of unifying the grid-connected wind turbines as the standard synchronous power, but also decrease the negative effect on the grid frequency and voltage with high penetration of wind energy.
Experimental and theoretical study of the evolution of surface roughness in amorphous silicon films grown by low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Using real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry the evolution of the surface roughness of amorphous silicon thin films grown by low-temperature 200 °C plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition PECVD at high process gas pressure 3 mTorr has been studied as a function of the hydrogen dilution gas-flow ratio RH = H2 / SiH4 with 15 RH 60. To describe the roughness evolution, we have used a 3D linearized continuum equation which includes a negative surface-tension term to take into account the destabilizing effects of short-range attraction and/or shadowing, as well as a smoothing term corresponding to surface diffusion. Using this model we have obtained very good agreement with experimental results for the evolution of the surface roughness in the case of large dilution ratio. However, our results indicate that for small dilution ratio the surface slopes are significantly larger and as a result additional nonlinear terms need to be included at large thicknesses. Our results also indicate that surface diffusion plays an important role during PECVD film growth while the diffusion rate increases with increasing hydrogen dilution ratio. We also find that the early stages of island nucleation play an important role in determining the subsequent roughness evolution. In particular, the assumption of a large wetting angle W 90° for the 3D islands formed in the initial stages leads to significantly better agreement with experiments than a smaller wetting angle W 45° . This is consistent with recent experiments on liquid Si droplets on SiO2 H. Kanai et al., J. Mater. Sci. 42, 9529 2007 substrates in which a wetting angle of 90° was observed.