Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with depressive symptoms and use of antidepressant medications among participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and Hispanic-CRIC Studies.

BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are correlated with poor health outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence, severity, and treatment of depressive symptoms and potential risk factors, including level of kidney function, in diverse populations with CKD have not been well studied. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS Participants at enrollment into the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and Hispanic-CRIC (H-CRIC) Studies. CRIC enrolled Hispanics and non-Hispanics at 7 centers in 2003-2007, and H-CRIC enrolled Hispanics at the University of Illinois in 2005-2008. MEASUREMENT Depressive symptoms measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). PREDICTORS Demographic and clinical factors. OUTCOMES Elevated depressive symptoms (BDI score ≥11) and antidepressant medication use. RESULTS Of 3,853 participants, 27.4% had evidence of elevated depressive symptoms and 18.2% were using antidepressant medications; 31.0% of persons with elevated depressive symptoms were using antidepressants. The prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms varied by level of kidney function: 23.6% for participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 33.8% of those with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Lower eGFR (OR per 10-mL/min/1.73 m(2) decrease, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17), and non-Hispanic black race (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16-1.74) were each associated with increased odds of elevated depressive symptoms after controlling for other factors. In regression analyses incorporating BDI score, whereas female sex was associated with greater odds of antidepressant use, Hispanic ethnicity, non-Hispanic black race, and higher urine albumin levels were associated with decreased odds of antidepressant use (P < 0.05 for each). LIMITATIONS Absence of clinical diagnosis of depression and use of nonpharmacologic treatments. CONCLUSIONS Although elevated depressive symptoms were common in individuals with CKD, use of antidepressant medications is low. Individuals of racial and ethnic minority background and with more advanced CKD had a greater burden of elevated depressive symptoms and lower use of antidepressant medications.
Estimating Expenditure-Based Poverty from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey

It is widely believed that inequalities in health a re related with poverty but formal analysis of the health$poverty nexus is hampered by data constraints. In particular, the most common measure of poverty compares expenditure with poverty lines, but expenditure surveys usually do not collect detailed health data. Conversely, the large repository of internationally comparable Demographic and Health Surveys has detailed health data but no expenditure data. This has led DHS researchers to control socioeconomic status using an asset index defined in terms of housing characteristics and ownership of durable goods. While this may be a valid conception of poverty, it is difficult to compare the asset$based measure with the more common consumption$ based measure. This paper presents a simple poverty scorecard for Bangladesh that allows researchers to estimate the likelihood that expenditure is below a given poverty line using ten verifiable, inexpensive$ to$collect indicators found in both Bangladesh’s 20 04 DHS and also in the 2005 Household Income and Expenditure Survey. The estimates of poverty from the scorecard are then compared with those of the DHS asset index.
A system for bridging the ideological divide by establishing a moral framework for news consumption

Society is becoming increasingly ideologically divided. People exist in filter bubbles online, where they are exposed to primarily homogeneous perspectives and news sources. However, diversity in news consumption is important: it creates more informed societies, healthier democracies, and more solid understandings of one’s own beliefs. In this thesis, we propose Pano a system for bridging the ideological divide by surfacing moral framing in news. Pano provides a way to educate consumers of online news to think in a moral framework of shared human values, challenging their understandings of views held by those different from them through collaborative highlighting and annotation of moral framing in text. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Pano in a 10-day field study and find positive changes toward improved empathy and ability to re-frame arguments in the moral foundations of the audiences, showing promise toward the ultimate goal of bridging the ideological divide. Thesis Supervisor: David R. Karger Title: Professor
Accounting in 2036: A Learned Profession

My vision is that by 2036 accounting is known as the learned profession that provides information for informed decision-making to support a prosperous society. By 2036, academic and practicing accountants view themselves as part of the same profession, and practicing accountants look to academics to develop knowledge relevant to identifying information—and its characteristics—useful in informing decisions. In sum, insights from research are instrumental in shaping accounting in practice. To achieve this vision, academics need to (1) conduct fundamental and applied research; (2) communicate research insights outside of academia; (3) interact with practicing accountants and others who use accounting information, such as managers, capital providers, regulators, and government officials; and (4) ensure that everyone understands that academic accountants are responsible for the “learned” part of accounting as a learned profession.
Feedback in the context of high-stakes assessment: can summative be formative?

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The Effects of Globalisation on Wage Inequality: New Insights from a Dynamic Trade Model with Heterogeneous Firms. WWWforEurope Working Paper No. 49

Fears of increasing inequality play a dominant role in current debates on how globalisation is affecting our economies. After a brief review of recent trends in wage inequality, this policy paper presents new insights on the dynamic effect of trade liberalisation on wage inequality. In the context of a dynamic trade model with costly labour mobility, we show that the effect of trade liberalisation on wage inequality depends on 1. the time horizon considered, 2. the degree of worker mobility, and 3. the degree of trade liberalisation (partial/full). In the short run, observed increases in wage inequality are driven by an increase in inter-sectoral wage inequality, while in the long run, wage inequality is driven by an increase in the skill premium.
Is portal hypertensive enteropathy an important additional cause of blood loss in portal hypertensive patients?

Abstract Objective. Recently, mucosal changes of small bowel were defined by developing new imaging techniques including capsule endoscopy (CE) in portal hypertensive patients. However, the clinical impact of these changes is unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the additional cause of blood loss in portal hypertensive patients. Material and methods. A total of 444 portal hypertensive patients, hospitalized in our clinic between 2005 and 2007, were evaluated. Patients with obscure bleeding were enrolled to this prospective case–control study. CE was performed in 21 patients who met inclusion criteria. Gastroscopy, colonoscopy and computerized tomography/small bowel enema were performed in all patients. Results. Fourteen cirrhotic and seven noncirrhotic portal hypertensive patients were enrolled to this study. Mean age of patients was 47.9 ± 15.6 years, and 13 of 21 were male. Small bowel varices were found in 7 patients (1 active bleeding) and other mucosal abnormalities in 10 patients (vascular ectasia, erosion and edema, 1 active bleeding). Although two of them were normal, jejunal malignant mass was found in two patients (1 active bleeding). Of 21 patients, 19 (90.5%) patients had portal hypertensive abnormalities (including varices). However, ileal varices rate was 57.1% (4 patients) in noncirrhotic portal hypertensive patients and 21.4% (3 patients) in cirrhotics. Conclusion. Ninety percent of patients had portal hypertensive abnormalities in small bowel and one-third of them had small bowel varices. Small bowel varices and vascular ectasia were the main causes of obscure bleeding in portal hypertensive patients.
Performance and nutrient metabolism by nursing calves supplemented with limited or unlimited corn or soyhulls.

Five-month-old Angus x Hereford reciprocal crossbred nursing steer calves on fescue pasture were used to determine the effects of 1) limiting supplemental feed intake and 2) soyhulls and corn as sources of supplemental (creep) feed in an 84-d study. The treatments were 1) control (no creep feed), 2) limited intake of corn (1 kg/d), 3) unlimited intake of corn, 4) limited intake of soyhulls (1 kg/d), and 5) unlimited intake of soyhulls. Before weaning, there were no differences in supplemental feed efficiency ([supplemented gain--control gain]/supplement intake) or calf gain between corn or soyhulls. Calf gain before weaning increased linearly (P < .05) as intake of creep feed increased, but supplemental feed efficiency did not differ between limited and unlimited supplements. Feedlot performance by the calves was not affected by any of the previous treatments. Calves that consumed an unlimited level of creep feed had greater (P < .05) quality grades than the control group that did not consume creep feed, but no other carcass traits were influenced by treatment. In a metabolism study, fescue DM intake decreased linearly (P < .001) with increasing levels of creep feed, whereas milk DM intake was not affected by level of creep feed. Digestible DM intake increased linearly (P < .001) with increasing intake of creep feed. No differences (P < .18) were observed in digestible DM intake as a result of creep feed source. Apparent total tract DM digestibility increased (P < .05) with increasing level of creep feed intake but did not differ between sources. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mrp2 is involved in the efflux and disposition of fosinopril

The multidrug‐resistance‐associated proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1/MRP2) are transporters responsible for the efflux of drugs and endogenous compounds. Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells transfected with the human MRP1 or MRP2 genes were used to assess whether several widely used pharmaceuticals are potential substrates by examining their differential toxicity, accumulation and efflux. Loratadine, an antihistamine, was 1.4‐fold less toxic to MRP1 cells and its retention was 1.3‐fold lower than that from MDCK control cells. Fosinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was 2.4‐fold less toxic and its retention was 4.5‐fold lower in MRP2‐transfected cells compared with control cells. To determine whether fosinopril contributed to a drug–drug interaction, fosinopril efflux was examined in vitro in combination with other known or suspected MRP2 substrates over a period of 20 min. When fosinopril was coincubated with desloratadine, loratadine or methotrexate, its retention was increased by 2‐, 4.7‐ and 2‐fold, respectively, which likely indicates that a drug–drug interaction is occurring. In vivo studies were conducted, in which FVB wild‐type and FVB/Mrp2−/− mice were dosed with fosinopril and the known MRP2 substrate methotrexate, and tissues collected after 1 h. In mice lacking Mrp2, drug levels were reduced in the intestine by 1.5‐fold, but increased in the liver, serum and kidneys, by 2.1‐, 2.9‐ and 3‐fold, respectively. These data suggest that, in the absence of Mrp2, fosinopril alters the retention of a second drug. These findings will help increase our understanding of the role that MRP2 plays in altering the retention and disposition of coadministered pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulation of the extracellular matrix production in dermal fibroblasts by velvet antler extract.

BACKGROUND Fibroblasts produce many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and so they contribute to the maintenance of connective tissue integrity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of velvet antler extract (VAE) on the ECM production of dermal fibroblasts cultured in vitro. METHODS Primary cultured human dermal fibroblasts were treated with VAE, and then the ECM production was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the change of gene expression according to VAE treatment was evaluated by cDNA microarray. RESULTS VAE accelerated the growth of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. VAE increased the production of several ECM components, including type 1 collagen, fibronectin and elastin. In line with these results, the phosphorylations of p42/44 ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were markedly increased by VAE, suggesting that the enhancement of ECM production may be linked to the activation of intracellular signaling cascades. VAE also significantly increased cell migration on an in vitro scratch wound test. In cDNA microarray, many genes related with connective tissue integrity were identified to be up-regulated by VAE. CONCLUSION These results suggest that VAE has a potential to stimulate ECM production, and VAE may be applicable for maintaining the skin's texture.
Hepatitis C and progression of HIV disease.

CONTEXT Conflicting reports exist regarding the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of HCV infection on clinical and immunologic progression of HIV disease and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING University-based, urban HIV clinic in the United States. PATIENTS There were 1955 patients enrolled between January 1995 and January 2001 who were eligible for analysis because of having at least 1 return visit to the clinic and being free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at enrollment. Median (interquartile range) length of follow-up was 2.19 (1.00-3.50) years for HCV-infected and 2.00 (1.00-3.00) years for HCV-uninfected patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Progression to an AIDS-defining illness, survival, and progression to a CD4 cell count below 200/microL; CD4 cell count change following initiation of effective HAART (resulting in a viral load of <400 copies/mL recorded at > or = 75% of measurements). RESULTS No difference was detected in the risk of acquiring an AIDS-defining illness (HCV-infected patients, 231 events [26.4%] and HCV-uninfected patients, 264 events [24.4%]; relative hazard [RH], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-1.23) or in the risk of death (HCV-infected patients, 153 deaths [17.5%] and HCV-uninfected patients, 168 deaths [15.5%]; RH, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85 -1.30). Although an increased risk of death was detected in the subgroup of 429 HCV-infected patients with a baseline CD4 cell count of 50/microL through 200/microL (RH, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.01-2.27), after adjustment for exposure to HAART and its effectiveness in a multivariate Cox regression analysis, death was not independently associated with HCV infection in this subgroup (RH, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.65-1.56). Similarly, in those receiving effective HAART (n = 208), there was no difference in the increase in CD4 cell count or CD4 percentage during HAART in HCV-infected compared with HCV-uninfected patients. CONCLUSIONS Among patients in this urban US cohort, we did not detect evidence that HCV infection substantially alters the risk of dying, developing AIDS, or responding immunologically to HAART, especially after accounting for differences in its administration and effectiveness.
Return of visual function after bilateral visual loss following flow diversion embolization of a giant ophthalmic aneurysm due to both reduction in mass effect and reduction in aneurysm pulsation

Large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms are challenging to treat by either surgical or endovascular means. Visual dysfunction secondary to optic nerve compression and its relationship with aneurysm size, pulsation and thrombosis is poorly understood. We present a patient with a giant paraclinoid aneurysm resulting in bilateral visual loss that worsened following placement of a Pipeline Embolization Device and adjunctive coiling. Visual worsening occurred in conjunction with aneurysm thrombosis, increase in maximal aneurysm diameter and new adjacent edema. Her visual function spontaneously improved in a delayed fashion to better than pre-procedure, in conjunction with reduced aneurysmal mass effect, size and pulsation artifact on MRI. This report documents detailed ophthalmologic and MRI evidence for the role of thrombosis, aneurysm mass effect and aneurysm pulsation as causative etiologies for both cranial nerve dysfunction and delayed resolution following flow diversion treatment of large cerebral aneurysms.
THE EURO SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS, DETERMINANTS OF DEFAULT PROBABILITIES AND IMPLIED RATINGS IN THE CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS MARKET: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

In this paper, we investigate what has been leading investors to ask for higher yields on sovereign debt from certain Euro countries. We dismiss Granger Causality as a basis to define speculation. Instead, we assume that speculative behavior would only exist if market assessments were unrelated to economic fundamentals. Using a cross section of countries, we improve on the literature on Credit Default Swap Markets on sovereign debt. Firstly, we use an ordered probit to determine whether fundamentals are driving ratings. Then, quantile regression determines which variables matter at different conditional quantiles of the default probability. Finally, Fisher’s Z statistic is used to relate bond yields to domestic savings. The different methods support the conclusion that the domestic savings rate is lenders’ main concern. Economies with worse saving habits are penalized both in the CDS and in the bonds market. Notwithstanding, for countries on the top quantiles of the default probabilities, public and external debt also increase the insurance premium in the derivatives market. Looking at the Portuguese case, it is clear that policies that don’t take savings into account shall fail, as the country had the lowest net savings rate in the EU27 in 2008, followed closely by Greece.
Christian Education and Spiritual Formation: One and the Same?

Christian education as an academic discipline is under scrutiny due to the rising influence of spiritual formation. Churches are replacing Christian educators with pastors of spiritual formation. However, there are many ways in which these approaches overlap. This article seeks to identify how selected voices among Christian educators of the 20th century—John Westerhoff, III and James E. Loder, Jr. in particular—and contemporaries have unpacked the motif of spiritual formation. It argues that Christian education and spiritual formation are complementary but distinct disciplines and seeks to identify ways Christian educators can endorse spiritual formation with integrity.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERDAGANGAN INTRA-REGIONAL DAN EKTRA-REGIONAL ASEAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN-5

Economy growth is one of indicators of people prosperity in a country. ASEAN is a type of economic integration which aim to increase economic growth of member countries. Intra-regional and extra-regional trade is kind of trade agreement which aim to increase the trade rate and economic growth. However, the rate of extra-regional trade in every ASEAN-5 countries is higher than intra-regional trade. The objective of this research is to analyze the factors which effect the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries during 2007-2011. With random effect model in pooled data processing, the research result described that extra-regional trade of ASEAN, foreign direct investment, inflation, and the population described positive and significant effect to economic growth of every ASEAN-5 countries. Whereas, intra-regional trade of ASEAN effect positive and insignificant to the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries.
The role of oxidized phospholipids in mediating lipoprotein(a) atherogenicity

Purpose of review To review emerging data on the relationship between lipoprotein(a) and oxidized phospholipids. Recent findings We have recently proposed that a unique physiological role of lipoprotein(a) may be to bind and transport proinflammatory oxidized phospholipids and that this interaction may mediate a common biological influence on cardiovascular disease. In a large series of clinical studies performed to date, a very strong correlation was found between plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) and the content of oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 particles (OxPL/apoB), measured by monoclonal antibody E06, which binds the phosphocholine head group of oxidized phospholipids but not native phospholipids. The correlation of OxPL/apoB to lipoprotein(a) is very strong in individuals with small apolipoprotein(a) isoforms (r = ∼0.95) and modest in individuals with large isoforms (r = ∼0.60). In-vitro studies have demonstrated that the vast majority of oxidized phospholipids detected by E06 are bound to lipoprotein(a) in human plasma. A similarly strong association with oxidized phospholipids was also documented in transgenic mice overexpressing lipoprotein(a), even in mice not fed atherogenic diets or with overt atherosclerosis. Summary A better understanding of the ability of human lipoprotein(a) to bind oxidized phospholipids may allow clinically important insights into the role of oxidized phospholipids and lipoprotein(a) in human atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease and may provide novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions aimed at measuring and treating elevated levels of OxPL/apoB and lipoprotein(a).
Captopril restores transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor and sensitivity to transforming growth factor-beta in murine renal cell cancer cells.

PURPOSE Captopril is known to inhibit the growth of renal cancer but the mechanism involved has been unclear. The current study elucidates the mechanism of captopril induced inhibition of the growth of the Renca mouse renal cancer cell line involving transforming growth factor-beta, which is known to be a growth inhibitory cytokine in epithelial cells and tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transforming growth factor-beta in conditioned medium was measured by bioassay. Levels of transforming growth factor-beta and transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor expression messenger RNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Cell viability was determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and tetrazolium bromide assay. RESULTS Captopril (0.01 to 1 mM.) showed no significant effect on transforming growth factor-beta synthesis or transforming growth factor-beta messenger RNA in Renca cells. On the other hand, 1 mM. captopril significantly inhibited Renca cell growth. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry showed that 1 mM. captopril up-regulated type II receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that captopril restores transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor expression and inhibits the growth of Renca cells by increasing their sensitivity to transforming growth factor-beta.