Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New acceleration technique for the backpropagation algorithm

Artificial neural networks have been studied for many years in the hope of achiev­ ing human like performance in the area of pattern recognition, speech synthesis and higher level of cognitive process. In the connectionist model there are several interconnected pro­ cessing elements called the neurons that have limited processing capability. Even though the rate of information transmitted between these elements is limited, the complex inter­ connection and the cooperative interaction between these elements results in a vastly increased computing power. The neural network models are specified by an organized network topology of interconnected neurons. These networks have to be trained in order them to be used for a specific purpose. Backpropagation is one of the popular methods of training the neural networks. There has been a lot of improvement over the speed of convergence of standard backpropagation algorithm in the recent past. Here in we have presented a new technique for accelerating the existing backpropagation without modifying it. We have used the fourth order interpolation method for the dominant eigen values, by using these we change the slope of the activation function. And by doing so we increase the speed of convergence of the backpropagation algorithm. Our experiments have shown significant improvement in the convergence time for problems widely used in benchmarking. Three to ten fold decrease in convergence time is achieved. Convergence time decreases as the complexity of the problem increases. The technique adjusts the energy state of the system so as to escape from local minima.
Comparison of the Effects of Different Dimensional Reduction Algorithms on the Training Performance of Anfis (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) Model

Uyarlamali Sinirsel Bulanik Cikarim Sistemleri-ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems-ANFIS), yapay sinir aglari modellerinin ogrenebilme, genelleme ve paralel hesap yapabilme yetenekleri ile bulanik mantigin cikarsama yetenegini kullanan hibrit bir yapay sinir agi (zekâ) yaklasimidir. Giris degiskenlerinin sayilari fazla olan modellerin ANFIS ile gelistirilmesi uygulamalarda cok elverisli degildir. Boyut indirgeme yontemleri ise bu soruna bir cozum yolu olarak onerilmektedir. Boyut indirgeme, verilerin daha dusuk boyutlu bir uzayda temsil edilmesi icin kullanilan yontemdir. Farkli boyut indirgeme yontemleri kullanilarak giris degiskenlerinin sayilarinin indirgenmesi ve ANFIS modeli ile probleme ait en uygun cozumun olusturulmasi bu calismanin catisini olusturmaktadir. Bu calismada, farkli boyut indirgeme yontemlerinin urettigi sonuclar karsilastirilarak ANFIS’in egitimi icin hangi yontemin kullanilmasinin daha kabul edilebilir oldugu arastirilmistir.
Electrical failure analysis in high density DRAMs

As density and complexity increase, the search for new test and analysis techniques can impact the role of failure analysis especially in the correct identification of failure mechanisms for root cause fixes to ensure timely introduction of a new product in a relatively competitive market. Design for Testability (DFT) offers some flexibility in trying to meet the demands made on the production test and on the defect analyses by reducing the time per test and in helping to carry out some specific type of tests. This paper presents test results of investigations carried out with the help of some DFT tests on the 1-Megabit, 4-Megabit and 16-Megabit Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAMs) to detect the cause of an electrical fault in more detail. Several case examples depicting this work are presented. <<ETX>>
La solidaridad en familias atípicas

La solidaridad no constituye un objeto de estudio frecuente en sociologia y menos aun en el grupo familiar. A traves de unas entrevistas y de un analisis cualitativo, se analizan las opciones, las motivaciones y los sentimientos que rodean a las personas que ayudan a los demas. Se trata de situaciones especiales y de soluciones particulares. Estos casos no responden a la media ni intentan abarcar todo el panorama de posibilidades. Al contrario, se trata de considerar opciones «limite» para entender los aspectos que intervienen en las decisiones tomadas en el grupo familiar. Los generos tienen comportamientos diferentes, sobre todo respecto a la reclusion o a la participacion en otras actividades. El punto de vista de las trabajadoras que se dedican a cuidar enfermos esta contemplado y se compara con el de los familiares que realizan la misma tarea. Las contradicciones que incurren durante la entrevista permiten vislumbrar sentimientos opuestos que no desmerecen el valor de la tarea realizada.
Une invitation illustrée à utiliser la Q-method dans les Recherches en Systèmes d'Information

Inventee par le psychologue William Stephenson pour explorer la subjectivite humaine dans les annees 50, la methode Q est desormais regulierement utilisee dans de nombreuses sciences humaines et sociales. La recherche en systemes d’information semble faire exception, avec seulement 14 etudes empiriques depuis la premiere realisee en 1987. Pourtant, cette methode presente plusieurs atouts pour explorer des aspects qui sont centraux dans le champ des systemes d’information : perceptions, interpretations, representations sociales. L’ambition de cet article est de proposer une vue des possibilites offertes par la methode Q aux recherches en SI ainsi qu’une illustration de son utilisation sur la question du M-commerce. Il s’agit d’une invitation a partir a la rencontre d’une methode encore trop souvent meconnue.
Light-field camera design for high-accuracy depth estimation

Light-field imaging is a research field with applicability in a variety of imaging areas including 3D cinema, entertainment, robotics, and any task requiring range estimation. In contrast to binocular or multi-view stereo approaches, capturing light fields means densely observing a target scene through a window of viewing directions. A principal benefit in light-field imaging for range computation is that one can eliminate the error-prone and computationally expensive process of establishing correspondence. The nearly continuous space of observation allows to compute highly accurate and dense depth maps free of matching. Here, we discuss how to structure the imaging system for optimal ranging over a defined volume - what we term a bounded frustum. We detail the process of designing the light-field setup, including practical issues such as camera footprint and component size influence the depth of field, lateral and range resolution. Both synthetic and real captured scenes are used to analyze the depth precision resulting from a design, and to show how unavoidable inaccuracies such as camera position and focal length variation limit depth precision. Finally, inaccuracies may be sufficiently well compensated through calibration and must be eliminated at the outset.
Interfacial reactivity: model surfaces and tailored shape-controlled nanocatalysts

El trabajo realizado en esta tesis ha seguido dos lineas de investigacion principales: por un lado, el uso de electrodos monocristalinos de Pt ha permitido realizar estudios fundamentales de la interfase electrodo│disolucion, asi como de la electrocatalisis de moleculas organicas simples (C2) bifuncionalizadas, y por otro lado, el efecto que la estructura superficial ejerce sobre la electrocatalisis de ciertas reacciones se ha aplicado a la sintesis y caracterizacion de nanoparticulas de Pt con forma controlada. Este campo se ha ampliado al estudio de nanocatalizadores bimetalicos y trimetalicos para la ORR. El estudio que aqui se presenta ha profundizado en el conocimiento sobre las relaciones que hay entre estructura superficial – actividad – y estabilidad morfologica y composicional de electrocatalizadores basados en Pt destinados a PEMFCs.
Unsupervised and Supervised Compression in Wireless Sensor Networks

We show that the Principal Component Analysis, a compression method widely used in statistical analysis and image processing, can be efficiently implemented in a network of wireless sensors. The proposed scheme proves to be particularly suitable to sensor networks as it allows to reduce the network load while retaining a maximum amount of variance from sensor measurements. We present two operating modes, unsupervised and supervised, allowing (i) to extract a maximum of variance while keeping the network load bounded, and (ii) to reduce the network load while keeping the approximation error bounded, respectively. We assess the efficiency of the proposed approach in a realistic wireless sensor network deployment for temperature monitoring.
The Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Cordyceps sinensis Powder, Cs-C-Q80, on Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia in Mice

Corbrin Capsule, a preparation of Cordyceps sinensis analogue, is a pleiotropic traditional Chinese patent medicine with the main component of fermentative cordyceps fungus powder (Cs-C-Q80). The neuroprotective effects of Cs-C-Q80, as a substitution of Cordyceps sinensis, have not been fully identified. The objectives of this study were to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Cs-C-Q80 in vascular dementia mice model. The efficacy of Cs-C-Q80 was investigated in a molecular level as well. The subcortical ischemic vascular dementia was modelled by permanent right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) in adult male mice. The animals were randomly divided and treated by gavage with vehicle (1% CMC-Na solution) (rUCCAO model) or Cs-C-Q80 powder at 0.2 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg, respectively. Preventive treatment was administrated by gavage daily for 7 days before rUCCAO, while therapeutic treatment was administrated continuously from 28 days after rUCCAO. Object recognition test and Morris water maze test were performed to evaluate the learning and working memory. The luxol fast blue stain (Kluver-Barrera method) and immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP) were employed to determine the severity of white matter damage. Both preventive and therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80 protected against the rUCCAO-induced memory impair in mice as determined by object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The histopathological analyses revealed significant white matter rarefaction and reduction of MBP expression in corpus callosum after rUCCAO, which could be counteracted by either preventive or therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80. Moreover, the Cs-C-Q80 treatments inhibited rUCCAO-induced astrocytes activation and the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β expression, indicating the anti-inflammatory roles of Cs-C-Q80 against subcortical ischemia. Cs-C-Q80 is a potential preparation for the prophylaxis and treatment of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. The underlying pharmacological efficacy might be associated with suppression of myelin degeneration, glia activation, and inflammatory cytokines release.
UrineCART, a machine learning method for establishment of review rules based on UF-1000i flow cytometry and dipstick or reflectance photometer

Abstract Background: Automated systems have been broadly used in the counting of particles in urine, while manual microscopic analyses are still required for confirming components of urine sediments, especially pathologic casts and other unknown particles. Good review rules can reduce the number of manual urine microscopy examinations safely, thereby increasing productivity. Although several methods have been proposed, establishment of microscopic review rules for flow cytometer remains challenging. Methods: A total of 3014 urine samples from outpatient and inpatient were examined using UF-1000i flow cytometry, Urisys-2400 dipstick and RS 2003 urine sediment workstation, respectively. Based on the results above, three supervised machine learning methods were employed to construct classifiers for screening urine samples. Results: Here, we propose a novel method for construction of microscopic review rules, termed UrineCART, which was based on a classification and regression tree (CART) method. With a cut-off value of 0.0745 for UrineCART, we obtained a sensitivity of 92.0%, a specificity of 81.5% and a total review rate of 32.4% on an independent test set. Comparisons with the existing methods showed that UrineCART gave the acceptable sensitivity and lower total review rate. Conclusions: An algorithm based on machine learning methods for review criteria can be achieved via systematic comparison of UF-1000i flow cytometry and microscopy. Using UrineCART, our microscopic review rate can be reduced to around 30%, while decreasing significant losses in urinalysis.
1 - Champs aléatoires de Pickard et modélisation d'images digitales

This paper outlines a modeling technique for digital images which relies on Markov random fields proposed by Pickard for the purpose of representing fuzzy contextual concepts such as "the uniformity of a region" or "the continuity of a contour" . We develop a maximum likelihood estimation technique which is a straightforward generalization of an approach which is used quite extensively in speech recognition circles . Next, we outline two nonsupervised parameter estimation techniques which enable us to infer the model parameters front actual imagery data. We offer a number of practical examples providing evidence that our approach is well suited to handle problems of image restauration and/or segmentation .
Substance (ab)use during methadone and naltrexone treatment: Interest of adequate methadone dosage

Abstract In a cross-sectional study aiming to explore various clusters of substance (ab)use, in 77 heroin addicts, during methadone or naltrexone maintenance, three multivariate dimensions were found. The first was saturated by items related to cocaine and unprescribed benzodiazepines ab(use); the second dimension referred to items related to alcohol, opioid and cannabinoid ab(use); the third was saturated by items related to the ab(use) of hallucinogens and cannabinoids without the ab(use) of alcohol. Polyabuse is most serious in methadone maintained patients with negative compliance. Higher methadone dosages seem to attenuate this phenomenon. Hereby, the search for an appropriate methadone dosage is crucial to the success of the treatment, because it reduces the risk of polydrug use during treatment, and allows an improvement in social rehabilitation.
Diagnósticos de enfermería en unidades de alojamiento conjunto

La utilizacion de los diagnosticos de enfermeria en el alojamiento conjunto tiene la finalidad de identificar las acciones de enfermeria, cualificandose la atencion. El objetivo fue identicar los Diagnosticos de Enfermeria (DE) segun la Taxonomia NANDA II 2007/2008, en recien nacidos, y describir los factores relacionados y los factores de riesgo. Se trata de una investigacion exploratoria y descriptiva, hecha con 35 neonatos, en el mes de enero de 2008. Despues del examen fisico, fueron identificados los DE. Los datos fueron organizados en tablas. En los resultados, los diagnosticos mas frecuentes fueron el amamantamiento eficaz, y el amamantamiento ineficiente, riesgo para infeccion e integridad de la piel perjudicada. El uso de los DE torna el servicio de enfermeria mas estructurado, favoreciendo la autonomia del enfermero en la atencion ofrecida al recien nacido.
First language phonological processes and morphophonological rules in second language acquisition: Korean learners of English

This dissertation addresses two principal questions about the acquisition of English phonology by speakers of Korean. The first is: Do native speakers of Korean show a difference in transfer of Korean phonological processes and morphophonological rules in the acquisition of English? Morphologically conditioned morphophonological rules should be easy to suppress in L2 because speakers can pronounce their inputs easily, which indicates that such rules lack synchronic phonetic motivation. In contrast, phonological processes are expected to be difficult to suppress in L2 because, in Ll, speakers are not required to pronounce their inputs. My second question is about the effect ofphonological and phonetic factors in L1 transfer: How do word boundaries, voicing, and/or point of articulation (homorganicity) affect the application of transferred processes? In order to answer these questions, I tested four Korean phonological processesSTOP NASALIZATION, CORONAL STOP LATERALIZATION, N-LATERALIZATION, and SPALATALIZATIoN-and three morphophonological rules-T-PALATALIZATION and the DuiM LAW (L-NASALIZATION and N-DELETION). An elicited production task was performed by thirty-two speakers of Standard South Korean. The main findings from the production task are, first, that L1 phonological processes and morphophonological rules show different behavior in L2; that is, L1 phonological processes tend to transfer in L2 and morphophonological rules do not. Second, phonological factors that seem irrelevant in L1 may still affect the degree of difficulty of sequences in L2. Stop voicing affected STOP NASALIZATION and CORONAL STOP LATERALIZATION; STOP NASALIZATION and CORONAL STOP LATERALIZATION occurred more frequently with voiceless stops than with voiced stops. Homorganicity also affected STOP NASALIZATION, which occurred more frequently in homorganic sequences than in heterorganic sequences. Word boundaries affected NLATERALIZATION and S-PALATALIZATION; these occurred more frequently within words than across word boundaries. And syllabicity (Iii versus Ij/) affected S-PALATALIZATION, which occurred more frequently before Ij/ than Iii. viii
The Market for Argument: Preaching the Puritan Counterpublic at Paul’s Cross

Reverend John Stockwood delivered two sermons at Paul’s Cross, London, on August 24, 1578, and May 10, 1579. Stockwood’s sermons have been most widely known as antitheatrical pamphlets. Later antitheatrical pamphlets used the Paul’s Cross sermons of Stockwood and Thomas White as authority and precedent and the sermons circulated and re-circulated in print. I will suggest, however, that in spite of this legacy, Stockwood’s sermons can be read as resistant political action whose very embodied performance, delivered with the fire of passionate preaching, for which many puritans were notorious, produced his social status. I want to suggest that Stockwood’s preaching and the entire arc of his journey into London share a similar end: the bringing to market of what Michael Warner has called a counterpublic, and with it the circulation of a resistant order of both private interiority and public space.1 Consumption, digestion, and circulation of bodily order produced performances such as Stockwood’s, and contributed significantly to the market value of prophetic performative speech. By means of a distinctive cultural disposition to produce, market, and consume performance, puritan speech strove to reshape the civic order of early modern England. In this light, Paul’s Cross becomes a central space for mediating the struggle between public (sovereign) authority and the private realm. What interests me in this discussion is, first, the consequences and function of antitheatrical speech, which seem to offer a kind of limit case in discussing theories of performative authority. Antitheatricality has been resolved by some into a binary2 of opposed models of performance, and by others into a mutually constitutive exchange of ideologies and practices.3 In either view, questions of normativity and transgression are implied. Secondly, the evidence presented below suggests that the performative authority accorded to ritual speech placed ritual performance into circulation in distinctive ways in early modern London. Consumers sought it out because of its perceived efficacy. Although Warner never specifically discusses Austin, his examination of Habermas, which asserts that
Transmission optimization with a space-time filter at low SNR wireless environment

We study the capacity of M multiple antenna system, when the sources are in the far-field of the array, especially at low channel SNR, in an outdoor wireless environment. When the channel has flat fading, the capacity increases as M/sup 2/ times as that of a single antenna system. With a space-time filter, designed by singular-value-decomposition, the channel can be coordinated to obtain a higher receive SNR. With a coding scheme, the receive SNR is good enough to get coding gain, while the channel SNR is too low to obtain the benefits from coding.
Detection of a common non-Gaussian signal in two sensors using the bootstrap

Tugnait (1993) has used the cross bispectrum to detect non-Gaussian signals common to two sensors when the noise in each sensor is either mutually independent or has vanishing bispectra. However the detection methods presented assume enough data are available for asymptotic results to apply. If this assumption is not valid then the performance of the detection methods will be degraded. In this paper we propose a detection scheme based on the bootstrap that handles the small data size case. Unlike other bispectrum based techniques, the proposed scheme maintains the nominal test level while achieving high power. Simulation examples are given and the performance of the bootstrap based method is compared with a method proposed by Tugnait.