Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-expression of ecto-5 ’-nucleotidase / CD 73 with 1 specific NTPDases differentially regulates 2 adenosine formation in the rat liver 3 4

32 Ectonucleotidases modulate purinergic signaling by hydrolyzing ATP to adenosine. Here 33 we characterized the impact of the cellular distribution of hepatic ectonucleotidases, 34 namely NTPDase1/CD39, NTPDase2/CD39L1, NTPDase8 and ecto-5’35 nucleotidase/CD73, and of their specific biochemical properties, on the levels of P1 and 36 P2 receptor agonists, with an emphasis on adenosine-producing CD73. Immunostaining 37 and enzyme histochemistry showed that the distribution of CD73 (protein and AMPase 38 activity) overlaps partially with those of NTPDase1, -2 and -8 (protein levels and ATPase 39 and ADPase activities) in normal rat liver. CD73 is expressed in fibroblastic cells located 40 underneath vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, which both express 41 NTPDase1, in portal spaces in a distinct fibroblast population next to NTPDase2-positive 42 portal fibroblasts, and in bile canaliculi, together with NTPDase8. In fibrotic rat livers, 43 CD73 protein expression and activity are redistributed but still overlap with the 44 NTPDases mentioned. The ability of the observed combinations of ectonucleotidases to 45 generate adenosine over time was evaluated by reverse-phase HPLC with the 46 recombinant rat enzymes at high “inflammatory” (500 μM) and low “physiological” 47 (1 μM) ATP concentrations. Overall, ATP was rapidly converted to adenosine by the 48 NTPDase1+CD73 combination, but not by the NTPDase2+CD73 combination. In the 49 presence of NTPDase8 and CD73, ATP was sequentially dephosphorylated to the CD73 50 inhibitor ADP, and next to AMP, thus resulting in a delayed formation of adenosine. In 51 conclusion, the specific cellular co-compartmentalization of CD73 with hepatic 52 NTPDases is not redundant and may lead to the differential activation of P1 and P2 53 receptors, under normal and fibrotic conditions. 54 55
The good, the bad and the wiki: Evaluating student-generated content for collaborative learning

This paper explores the potential for wiki-type open architecture software to promote and support collaborative learning through the use of studentcreated content. It delineates some of the affordances and constraints of wiki software as an open architecture that has the potential to facilitate collaborative learning through community-focused enquiry. It seeks to promote debate in this key area of development, and highlights some recent key contributions to the developing discourse on social software in what has been termed ‘the architecture of participation’.
A Survey On Re-Ranking of Images

 Abstract —There is a huge amount of research work which gives information about image search re-ranking. The diverse work is need to be collected for getting more information in this area. This paper presents survey of various techniques which are used for image re-ranking. Firstly it introduces the object queries which gives result images specific to some kinds of objects and retrieval models. In next section, information about existing approaches towards the re-ranking techniques are discussed.
Model-Driven-Development-Based Stepwise Software Development Process for Wireless Sensor Networks

To meet future demands for wireless sensor network (WSN) software, both experts and average software developers should be involved in WSN software development. However, WSN software development is difficult for the average software developer because data processing-related design and network-related design are tangled in the software. Here, we propose a software development process for WSN software by stepwise refinement. Our process enables stepwise refinement to separately address data processing-related and network-related concerns, reuse of well-defined designs, and implementations for network-related concerns prepared by the experts, and perform model-driven development to obtain source codes from models by model transformations. Additionally, we used case studies using actual WSN software development and user studies to evaluate how our proposed process can support actual WSN software development.
The perceptual importance of selected voice quality parameters

It is well known, that personal voice qualities differ in the speakers use of temporal structures, F0 contours, articulation precision, vocal effort and type of phonation. Whereas temporal structures and F0 contours can be measured directly in the acoustic signal and conclusions about articulation precision can be made from the formant structure, this paper focuses especially on the vocal effort and the type of phonation. These voice quality percepts are a combination of several acoustic voice quality parameters: the glottal pulse shape in the time domain or damping of the harmonics in the frequency domain, spectral distribution of turbulent signal components and voicing irregularities. In an investigation on emotionally loaded speech material it could be shown, that the named acoustic parameters are useful for differentiating between the emotions happiness, sadness, anger, fear and boredom. The perceptual importance of the above acoustic parameters is investigated in perception experiments with synthetic and resynthesized speech.
Whither Europeanization? Concept stretching and substantive change

This paper discusses the concept of Europeanization in the light of recent research on the impact of the European Union politics and policy. Conceptual analysis is preliminary to empirical analysis. Accordingly, I examine the risk of concept stretching, discuss extension and intension of Europeanization, and propose a taxonomy to unpack the concept and organize empirical research. The explanation of Europeanization is based on mechanisms and variables that need further exploration, but some preliminary results are presented here. Further research should concentrate on the policy level (and its interaction with macro-structures) and seek cross-fertilization with theoretical policy analysis and international relations, thus avoiding the risk of intellectual segregation.
Lack of relation between ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure.

Although both asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death are common in patients with chronic heart failure, there is little evidence that patients who have frequent or complex ventricular arrhythmias are at increased risk of sudden death. Two hypotheses may explain the lack of an arrhythmia-sudden death relation in this disorder. First, complex ventricular arrhythmias may be a nonspecific manifestation of a dying left ventricle rather than an indication of a specific arrhythmogenic substrate. In fact, during long-term follow-up, patients with mild heart failure who have nonsustained ventricular tachycardia are more likely to develop clinical progression of the disease rather than sudden death. Second, sudden death may be related to events other than a malignant ventricular arrhythmia. The most common myocardial ischemia, whereas the terminal event in patients with an idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is commonly a severe bradyarrhythmia or electromechanical dissociation. Neither outcome can be predicted by a prior history of ventricular arrhythmias on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. If asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias do not lead to sudden death, then there would appear to be little reason to expect that antiarrhythmic drugs could prevent cardiac arrest in patients with chronic heart failure. This may explain why drugs that suppress ambulatory arrhythmias do not prevent sudden death in these patients, whereas interventions may reduce the risk of unexpected circulatory collapse in this disorder without suppressing ventricular ectopic activity. To make matters more complicated, the desirable actions of antiarrhythmic drugs are attenuated and their negative inotropic and proarrhythmic actions are enhanced in patients with severe cardiac dysfunction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laboratory monitoring of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens Salmonella and Shigella in Shanghai, China 2006–2012

SUMMARY In 2006 we initiated an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance of Salmonella and Shigella infections in Shanghai, China. A total of 4483 Salmonella and 2226 Shigella isolates were recovered from stool specimens by 2012. In 80 identified Salmonella serovars, Enteritidis (34·5%) and Typhimurium (26·2%) were the most common. Shigella (S.) sonnei accounted for 63·9% of human Shigella infections over the same time period, and replaced S. flexneri to become the primary cause of shigellosis since 2010. Overall, a high level of antimicrobial resistance was observed in Salmonella and Shigella, particularly to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and tetracycline. Ciprofloxacin resistance was common in Salmonella Typhimurium (21·0%) and S. flexneri (37·6%). The cephalosporin resistance in both pathogens also increased over the years, ranging from 3·4% to 7·0% in Salmonella, and from 10·4% to 28·6% in Shigella. Resistance to multiple antimicrobials was also identified in a large number of the isolates. This study provides insight into the distribution of Salmonella and Shigella in diarrhoeal diseases.
Osteoprotegerin and nuclear factor-kappaB ligand are associated with leptin and adiponectin levels, in apparently healthy women.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between the major bone turnover markers, i.e., Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and serum adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) levels in a sample of apparently healthy women. METHODS A random sample which consisted of 80 females (18-71 years) was studied. Elisa method was used to measure the OPG, RANKL and the leptin, adiponectin levels in females' serum. RESULTS OPG values were inversely correlated with leptin (rho = -0.38, p = 0.002) and positively correlated with age (rho = 0.27, p=0.01) and body mass index (rho = 0.29, p=0.009). RANKL values were inversely correlated with adiponectin (rho = -0.23, p = 0.06) and age (rho = -0.30, p=0.01). Additionally, OPG was higher in post- as compared to pre-menopausal women. Further data analysis adjusting for potential confounders revealed that the OPG/RANKL ratio was positively associated with adiponectin and inversely associated with leptin levels independent of the effect of age, body mass index and menopausal status. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that leptin circulating levels are inversely associated with serum OPG/RANKL ratio among healthy women.
Hemorrhagic Retinopathy after Spondylosis Surgery and Seizure

PurposeTo report bilateral hemorrhagic retinopathy in an adult female subject after lumbar spinal surgery and seizure. Case ReportA 38-year-old woman presented with bilateral blurry vision and spots in the visual field. The patient had lumbar spondylosis surgery that was complicated by a dural tear with persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak. Visual symptoms started immediately after witnessed seizure-like activity. At presentation, visual acuity was 20/100 and 20/25 in the right and left eye, respectively. Dilated fundus examination demonstrated bilateral hemorrhagic retinopathy with subhyaloid, intraretinal, and subretinal involvement. At 4-month follow-up, visual acuity improved to 20/60 and 20/20 in the right and left eye, respectively. Dilated fundus examination and fundus photography showed resolution of retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. ConclusionsThe first case of bilateral hemorrhagic retinopathy after lumbar spondylosis surgery and witnessed seizure in an adult was reported. Ophthalmic examination may be warranted after episodes of seizure in adults.
Questions about quantifiers

The importance of the logical ‘generalized quantifiers’ (Mostowski [1957]) for the semantics of natural language was brought out clearly in Barwise & Cooper [1981]. Basically, the idea is that a quantifier phrase QA (such as “all women”, “most children”, “no men”) refers to a set of sets of individuals, viz. those B for which (QA)B holds. Thus, e.g., given a fixed model with universe E, where ⟦A⟧ is the set of individuals forming the extension of the predicate “A” in the model. This point of view permits an elegant and uniform semantic treatment of the subject-predicate form that pervades natural language. Such denotations of quantifier phrases exhibit familiar mathematical structures. Thus, for instance, all A produces filters, and no A produces ideals. The denotation of most A is neither; but it is still monotone, in the sense of being closed under supersets. Mere closure under subsets occurs too; witness a quantifier phrase like few A. These mathematical structures are at present being used in organizing linguistic observations and formulating hypotheses about them. In addition to the already mentioned paper of Barwise & Cooper, an interesting example is Zwarts [1981], containing applications to the phenomena of “negative polarity” and “conjunction reduction”. In the course of the latter investigation, several methodological issues of a wider logical interest arose, and these have inspired the present paper. In order to present these issues, let us shift the above perspective, placing the emphasis on quantifier expressions per se (“all”, “most”, “no”, “some”, etcetera), viewed as denoting relations Q between sets of individuals.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the regulation of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching

By substituting the heavy chain constant region of IgM and IgD with that of IgG, IgA or IgE, immunoglobulin class switching endows antibodies with novel effector functions that enhance the ability of the immune system to effectively clear invading pathogens. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells critically link innate immunity with adaptive immunity by producing massive amounts of type 1 IFN in response to viruses. We have recently found that type 1 IFN triggers class switching by inducing myeloid dendritic cells to upregulate the expression of BAFF and APRIL, two powerful B cell‐activating molecules. In this paper, we propose that IFN‐producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells modulate class switching by activating B cells through both T cell‐dependent and T cell‐independent pathways. A better understanding of these pathways may facilitate the development of novel antiviral vaccine strategies and aid in identifying new therapies for antibody‐mediated autoimmune disorders, such as lupus.
Achieving Customer-Provider Strategic Alignment in IT Outsourcing

In IT Outsourcing, strategic alignment between a customer and an IT outsourcing provider is very important. This article uses resource-based theory, social capital theory, and organizational learning theory to analyze the relationship between a customer and a provider in IT services Outsourcing context. Based on the former analysis, this article applies a strategic alignment model for managing the customer-provider relationship in IT service outsourcing contexts and focuses on three dimensions: communications, value measurements and governance. Next, we use case studies of China Development Bank to illustrate how it is managing the customer-provider relationship with its IT service provider to achieve strategic alignment.
Speech Activity Detection in Broadcast News

In this paper, we investigate the important implications of realtime processing to the design of a speech activity detection (SAD) system, with a focus on the impact of the unique constraints posed by online automatic speech recognition. Our investigation is built on a real-life application of speech technology, the BBN Broadcast Monitoring System (BMS), which encapsulates a real-time automatic rich transcription system. We propose a segmentation method that is capable of variable scale speech boundary detection in an online SAD system and evaluate how different granularities of boundary detection impact the performance of speech-to-text (STT) and speaker diarization. In addition, the interactions between STT and speaker diarization are evaluated and mechanisms for trading off the performance of these two system components are studied. In our experiment, the segmentation mechanism in the proposed SAD system reduces error rates of STT and speaker diarization by 2.4% and 9.5% relatively, compared to the baseline system.
Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased lesion burden and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Background Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors have been associated with changes in clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives To investigate the frequency of CV risks in patients with MS and their association with MRI outcomes. Methods In a prospective study, 326 patients with relapsing–remitting MS and 163 patients with progressive MS, 61 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 175 healthy controls (HCs) were screened for CV risks and scanned on a 3T MRI scanner. Examined CV risks included hypertension, heart disease, smoking, overweight/obesity and type 1 diabetes. MRI measures assessed lesion volumes (LVs) and brain atrophy. Association between individual or multiple CV risks and MRI outcomes was examined adjusting for age, sex, race, disease duration and treatment status. Results Patients with MS showed increased frequency of smoking (51.7% vs 36.5%, p=0.001) and hypertension (33.9% vs 24.7%, p=0.035) compared with HCs. In total, 49.9% of patients with MS and 36% of HCs showed ≥2 CV risks (p=0.003), while the frequency of ≥3 CV risks was 18.8% in the MS group and 8.6% in the HCs group (p=0.002). In patients with MS, hypertension and heart disease were associated with decreased grey matter (GM) and cortical volumes (p<0.05), while overweight/obesity was associated with increased T1-LV (p<0.39) and smoking with decreased whole brain volume (p=0.049). Increased lateral ventricle volume was associated with heart disease (p=0.029) in CIS. Conclusions Patients with MS with one or more CV risks showed increased lesion burden and more advanced brain atrophy.
Editorial: Systems biology for biotech applications

biotechnology challenges. While the achievements to date are more modest than those envisioned, progress in integrating high-throughput data into predictive models lays the foundations for the emergence of whole cell simulation and in silico design. The field, while still young and growing, is starting to show real promise and produce some significant results. One of the areas in which systems biology is starting to connect with biotechnology is through the use of genome-scale biochemical network models, most notably for metabolic networks [3]. In this issue, much focus is given to genome-scale in silico models of metabolism, as reviewed by Hal Alper. Jason Papin contributes a more specialized review on how these types of models are starting to be used in an emerging area of interest, namely the use of Algae for bioenergy development. Ryan Senger evaluates the significant effects that cell composition can have on genome-scale models of biofuel production. Markus Covert discusses the virus as a metabolic engineer, and Christopher Henry, Ross Overbeek, and Rick Stevens provide a study on building the blueprint of life, particularly timely given the recent advances of the Venter Institute. Costas Maranas assesses non-native production routes for the synthesis of long-chain alcohols in E. coli and Krishna Mahadevan contributes a study focusing on co-cultures of microorganisms in the context of bioprocessing. Sang Yup Lee has used genome-scale models of Pseudomas putida for the synEditorial: Systems biology for biotech applications
Speech perception development in language-impaired children: a 4-year follow-up study.

A group of specifically language-impaired (SLI) children was compared with a matched group of non-SLI children (i.e., children displaying normal language) on tests of speech perception and language ability. The tests were administered longitudinally at times separated by an interval of 4 years. Initially (i.e., Time 1), the groups differed significantly in discrimination, sequencing, and rate processing of and serial memory for synthesized /ba/ and /da/ stimuli. At Time 1, age effects were also observed among both groups of children. That is, performance improved as a function of increased age. At follow-up (i.e., Time 2), performance was at or near ceiling for subjects in both groups, indicating that perceptual development occurred in both groups of children. Results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that perceptual deficits play a causal role in specific language impairment.
Review: Activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain

Microglia in the central nervous system are usually maintained in a quiescent state. When activated, they can perform many diverse functions which may be either beneficial or harmful depending on the situation. Although microglial activation may be accompanied by changes in morphology, morphological changes cannot accurately predict the function being undertaken by a microglial cell. Studies of peripheral macrophages and in vitro and animal studies of microglia have resulted in the definition of specific activation states: M1 (classical activation) and M2 (sometimes subdivided into alternative activation and acquired deactivation). Some authors have suggested that these might be an overlapping continuum of functions rather than discrete categories. In this review, we consider translational aspects of our knowledge of microglia: specifically, we discuss the question as to what extent different activation states of microglia exist in the human central nervous system, which tools can be used to identify them and emerging evidence for such changes in ageing and in Alzheimer's disease.
Ticlopidine and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

To the Editor: Ticlopidine hydrochloride (Ticlid) is a potent platelet-antiaggregating agent that has been used in the United States since 1991 to reduce the risk of thrombotic stroke in patients with aspirin intolerance. Recently, it has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of cardiac events and reocclusion after the placement of a coronary-artery stent.1 We report two cases of fulminant thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura that developed within three weeks of the initiation of ticlopidine therapy after coronary-stent placement. A 47-year-old woman presented in September 1996 with a 48-hour history of increasing confusion, icterus, and nausea. Three weeks before admission she had .
Immunovirological correlates in human rabies treated with therapeutic coma

A 37‐year‐old woman was admitted to hospital and over the next 5 days developed a progressive encephalitis. Nuchal skin biopsy, analyzed using a Rabies TaqMan© PCR, demonstrated rabies virus RNA. She had a history in keeping with exposure to rabies whilst in South Africa, but had not received pre‐ or post‐exposure prophylaxis. She was treated with a therapeutic coma according to the “Milwaukee protocol,” which failed to prevent the death of the patient. Rabies virus was isolated from CSF and saliva, and rabies antibody was demonstrated in serum (from day 11 onwards) and cerebrospinal fluid (day 13 onwards). She died on day‐35 of hospitalization. Autopsy specimens demonstrated the presence of rabies antigen, viral RNA, and viable rabies virus in the central nervous system. J. Med. Virol. 82:1255–1265, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.