Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary structure‐based profiles: Use of structure‐conserving scoring tables in searching protein sequence databases for structural similarities

The profile method, for detecting distantly related proteins by sequence comparison, has been extended to incorporate secondary structure information from know X‐ray structures. The sequence of a known structure is aligned to sequences of other members of a given folding class. From the known structure, the secondary structure (α‐helix, β‐strand or “other”) is assigned to each position of the aligned sequences. As in the standard profile method,1 a position‐dependent scoring table, termed a profile, is calculated from the aligned sequences. However, rather than using the standard Dayhoff mutation table in calculating the profile, we use distinct amino acid mutation tables for residues in α‐helices, β‐strands or other secondary structures to calculate the profile. In addition, we also distinguish between internal and external residues. With this new secondary structure‐based profile method, we created a profile for eight‐stranded, antiparallel β barrels of the insecticyanin folding class. It is based on the sequences of retinol‐binding protein, insecticyanin and β‐lactoglobulin. Scanning the sequence database with this profile, it was possible to detect the sequence of avidin. The structure of streptavidin is known, and it appears to be distantly related to the antiparallel β barrels. Also detected is the sequence of complement component C8, which we therefore predict to be a member of this folding class.
The US Dollar Shortage in Global Banking

Understanding the global financial crisis and the stresses on bank balance sheets requires a perspective on banks' international investment positions and how these positions were funded across currencies and counterparties. This special feature uses the BIS international banking statistics to identify the cross-currency and counterparty funding patterns for the largest banking systems, and to assess the causes of the US dollar shortage during the critical phases of the crisis.
Human Resource Management for Innovative Capability Development in Malaysia’s New Economic Model:

This chapter spotlights Malaysia's New Economic Model (NEM), which aims to create a sustainable and robust economy through increased productivity and innovation. An innovation-driven business environment is to transform the Malaysian economy into one of high income and quality growth. Innovation is fueled by knowledge in organizations, and knowledge resides within individual employees. Thus, firms need to bring about knowledge exchange among employees to build on its innovative capability. Specific strategies can be utilized to encourage employees to acquire, share, and apply knowledge to create organizational value. The field of Human Resource Management (HRM) therefore becomes relevant in understanding organizational innovation in Malaysia. However, a comprehensive framework bridging HRM and organizational innovation has yet to be developed. This chapter fills in the gap by proposing a human resource management framework for innovative capability development in organizations for Malaysia's New Economic Model.
Binding of a polypeptide antigen to ribonucleic acid from macrophage, HeLa and Escherichia coli cells.

A synthetic branched polypeptide, (T,G)-A-L, formed complexes with RNA which banded at densities lower than that of pure RNA in cesium sulfate gradients after equilibrium centrifugation. In different experiments, the minor bands appeared at densities ranging from 1.56 to 1.63 whereas pure RNA banded at a reproducible density of 1.68. The presence of minor bands was independent of the addition of (T,G)-A-L, but when (T,G)-A-L was added to cell homogenates prior to extraction of RNA, the minute fraction of polypeptide that remained associated with RNA in the gradients was concentrated in the minor bands. The formation of minor bands was independent of the cell type, since they formed to the same extent when peritoneal exudate cells, HeLa cells or E. coli cells were used. Minor bands were not found when RNA was extracted with hot rather than cold phenol. RNA had a pronounced adjuvant effect in priming CSW (responder) mice for immune responses to (T,G)-A-L, but E. coli RNA was at least as effective in this respect as RNA from peritoneal cells. No support was found for the existence of a ribonucleoprotein fraction unique to macrophages.
Is Foreign Direct Investment Effective From The Perspective Of Tax Avoidance? An Analysis Of Tax Avoidance Through The International Transfer Pricing Behaviors Of Korean Corporations

This study examines whether multinational companies carry out tax avoidance through subsidiaries. An empirical analysis was conducted of 4,585 Korean firms from 2001 to 2010 by company and year. The results are as follows. First, MNCs that have become more internationally diversified through the establishment of overseas subsidiaries generally show a higher tendency to avoid tax. Thus, the analysis results show a positive correlation between globally diversified MNCs and corporate tax avoidance. This correlation is established due to the firms' active use of tax strategies (investment tax credits, tax cuts) applicable to the various countries in which they have expanded their businesses. Second, the analysis results showed that these firms actively avoided tax with overseas transfer pricing behaviors when compared to companies without overseas subsidiaries. Thus, the adjustment of sales prices and purchase value through actual transactions increased the propensity of the parent company to avoid tax.
A survey of third-generation simulation techniques

We present a review of recent work on circuit simulation techniques which are "third generation" in that they go beyond the Sparse Gauss Elimination, Newton Iteration, Stiff Implicit time integration approach which mark second-generation circuit simulators such as SPICE-II and ASTAP-II. Third generation simulators such as MOTIS, DIANA, and SPLICE have rejected one or more of these principal features in their quest for size and speed capabilities commensurate with the requirements of the VLSI era. We attempt to present a unified treatment of the various and disparate types of third generation simulators based on the concepts of large-scale decomposition theory. In particular we shall describe and classify simulators in terms of the role played by certain matrix forms in their formulation, namely Bordered Block Diagonal (BBD), Bordered Block Triangular (BBT), and Bordered Lower Triangular (BLT).
Airport Surveillance Processing Chain for High Resolution Radar

The paper focuses on the design of the digital processing chain of a surface movement radar (SMR) for airport traffic in the frame of A-SMGCS (advanced-surface movements guidance and control system); in order to reach, or exceed, the demanding requirements for the A-SMGCS surveillance function, special attention has to be paid to SMR processing, whose main functional blocks are the CFAR (constant false alarm rate) processor, the plot extractor, and the track-while-scan (TWS). A description of these processing functions, tailored to a noncoherent, high-resolution radar, and of their implementation is provided. The performance evaluation is accompanied by trials on recorded data, as obtained from a national research and development project called fast prototyping (FP) project (2001-2003) and its subsequent activities. The aim of the work presented here is to give a system view of the radar processing chain for high-resolution SMR, being rather different than standard surveillance radar.
Identification of genes differentially expressed in two types of v-myb-transformed avian myelomonocytic cells.

In an earlier study we found that different forms of the v-myb oncogene transform myeloid cells which resemble either monoblasts [when v-myb of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) was used] or promyelocytes [when a point mutant in v-myb of AMV was used; Introna, M. , Golay, J., Frampton J., Nakano, T. , Ness, S.A. & Graf, T. (1990). Cell, 63, 1287-1297]. In the present study we have searched for genes expressed in AMV mutant-transformed promyelocytes that are not expressed in AMV-transformed monoblasts using a differential screening approach. Eight different genes were identified among more than 500 differentially expressed clones. The most abundant of these was the previously identified myb-regulated mim-1 gene. The others were found to encode a small calcium-binding (MRP-like) protein; the p20K protein; goose-type lysozyme; a ribonuclease A/angiogenin-related protein; and three non-identified proteins. Although these genes appear to be rather lineage restricted, their expression varied in different subtypes of transformed myelomonocytic cells, and only two of them (goose lysozyme and ribonuclease) showed a similar expression pattern in normal promyelocytes and macrophages, suggesting an aberrant gene regulation in the transformed cells. Co-transfection experiments of a reporter construct containing the promoter of the ribonuclease A-related gene indicated that this promoter is regulated by the v-Myb oncoprotein without the involvement of Myb-specific binding sequences.
Adopting US-GAAP Or IASB Accounting Standards By The Arab Countries

This paper examines whether Arab countries have adopted the standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (lASB) or the US-GAAP. The results of this study show that companies in the Arab world use different accounting rules and regulations for measurement, recognition, and disclosures of financial position and results of operation. Consequently, comparability of the financial results of different companies in different countries in the Arab world is impaired. We recommend adopting financial accounting standards issued by the IASB. Our study shows that adopting IASB standards has a positive impact on the economic development of the Arab countries.
Effect of uterine environment on embryo production and fertility in cows

Oocyte fertilization rates in bovines following artificial insemination or natural mating are generally good (~90%). Curiously, only about one third of these pregnancies remain until 30 days post-AI in dairy cows. Thus, most pregnancies are lost between fertilization and early embryonic growth. Although classical pathways describing that lower progesterone post-AI is the main culprit to these early embryonic losses, a number of environmental factors such as heat-stress as well as novel concepts in bovine physiology including the effects of excessive negative energy balanced (NEB) and the insulin-resistant state experienced by high producing cows during the postpartum period can help explain the poor reproductive performance, generally observed in dairy herds world-wide. Thus, expanding the scientific knowledge in these critical areas in bovine fertility related to the evident impact of NEB and/or altered circulating and uterine metabolites in the postpartum period on oocyte quality, gamete transport, uterine environment, and early embryonic growth are of major importance to improve reproductive efficiency in modern high producing dairy cows.
Inhibition of Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Etaconazole in Ustilago maydis

The triazole fungicide etaconazole (CGA64 251) interferes with the ergosterol biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis by inhibiting the C-14 demethylation of the sterol nucleus. During the late log growth phase of U. maydis a novel endogenous sterol metabolite (14α-methyl-ergosta-8,24(28)- dien-3β,6α-diol) was discovered and analyzed, which accumulates under the influence of the fungicide. The structure of this metabolite points to a hydroxylation-dehydration mechanism for the introduction of the double bond at C-5 during the ergosterol biosynthesis.
Effects of alcohol and training on exercise performance and muscle recovery biochemistry in the brown anole (Anolis sagrei)

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby. edu/honorstheses Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Exercise Physiology Commons, and the Kinesiology Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author.
prediction Why the brain talks to itself : sources of error in emotional

References http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/364/1521/1335.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 41 articles, 6 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (132 articles) neuroscience  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Recombinant covalently closed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus induces long‐term viral persistence with chronic hepatitis in a mouse model

Covalently closed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is critical for viral persistence in vivo. We recently reported a technique involving recombinant covalently closed circular DNA (rcccDNA) of HBV by site‐specific DNA recombination. Using hydrodynamic injection, rcccDNA induces a temporarily prolonged HBV antigenemia in immunocompetent mice, similar to acute resolving HBV infection. In this study, we simulated the pathophysiological impact of chronic hepatitis to reproduce rcccDNA persistence in mouse models. We showed that rcccDNA achieved long‐lasting persistence in the presence of a compromised immune response or when transcriptional activity was repressed. To closely mimic chronic hepatitis, we used a replication‐defective recombinant adenoviral vector to deliver rcccDNA to the liver, which led to prominent HBV persistence throughout the experiment duration (>62 weeks) in transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the albumin promoter. A sustained necroinflammatory response and fibrosis were identified in mouse livers, with dysplastic lesions commonly seen during the late stage of viral persistence, analogous to the progressive pathology of clinical chronic hepatitis. Conclusion: rcccDNA was intrinsically stable in vivo, enabling long‐term persistence in the context of chronic hepatitis, and viral persistence, in turn, may promote progression of chronic liver disease; our study also presented a surrogate model of HBV cccDNA persistence in mice that could advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B. (Hepatology 2018;67:56‐70).
WO3–x@Au@MnO2 Core–Shell Nanowires on Carbon Fabric for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors

WO3–x@Au@MnO2 core–shell nanowires (NWs) are synthesized on a flexible carbon fabric and show outstanding electrochemical performance in supercapacitors such as high specific capacitance, good cyclic stability, high energy density, and high power density. These results suggest that the WO3–x@Au@MnO2 NWs have promising potential for use in high-performance flexible supercapacitors.
Regulation of chromatin structure and cell fate by R-loops

ABSTRACT Hybridization of RNA to its template DNA strand during transcription induces formation of R-loops—RNA:DNA hybrids with unpaired non-template DNA strands. Although unresolved R-loops can be detrimental, some R-loops contribute to regulation of chromatin structure. Consequently, R-loops help regulate gene expression and play important roles in numerous cellular processes.
58 Sex and Dementia 1 SEXUALITY AND DEMENTIA : FOR BETTER OR WORSE ?

Sexual disinhibition is recognised as one of the behavioural and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and is a common reason for referral to old age psychiatric services. These referrals often come from care homes and sexual disinhibition can be a reason for seeking alternative placement for a resident. Sexual disinhibition is reported in 7% of Alzheimer’s disease sufferers (Burns et al, 1990) but may be more frequent in other types of dementia such as frontotemporal dementia. Sexual problems associated with dementia include inappropriate sexual acts in public, inappropriate sexual talk, false sexual allegations and sexual abuse (Haddad and Benbow, 1993, part 1). Increased or decreased libido can both cause problems, and the change of role and identity when one partner develops dementia can impact on established relationships. Sexual problems in dementia have a range of possible causes including neuronal loss in the frontal and temporal lobes, mood disturbance, psychosis, misidentification and misinterpretation of social cues due to cognitive impairment (Haddad and Benbow, 1993, part 2).
Fear of Negative Evaluation, Trait Anxiety, and Judgment Bias in Adults who Stutter.

Purpose Persons who stutter (PWS) and those with social anxiety disorder may exhibit fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and anxiety in social situations. However, the information processing biases that perpetuate these characteristics have had limited investigation. This study investigated judgment bias in social situations. Method Participants included 50 adults who stutter and 45 age- and gender-matched fluent persons who do not stutter (PWNS), who made up the control group. Participants completed the Interpretation and Judgmental Questionnaire (Voncken, Bögels, & deVries, 2003), and threat scores were calculated. Results There were no significant differences between PWS and PWNS in social threat or nonsocial threat scores. When the PWS group was divided on the basis of FNE and compared with PWNS participants without heightened anxiety (n = 35), the PWS with high FNE had significantly higher total social threat scores than the PWS with low FNE. The three groups did not differ in threat ratings for ambiguous or profoundly negative social situations. Conclusions Judgment bias in PWS is mediated by the magnitude of FNE present; not all PWS exhibit judgment bias for social situations. Treatment implications include the need for psychosocial support addressing the negative impacts on quality of life and restrictions on social engagement that stuttering may cause in some individuals.
Saliency based natural image understanding

This paper presents a novel method for natural image understanding. We improved the effect of saliency detection for the purpose of image segmentation at first. Then Graph cuts are used to find global optimal segmentation of N-dimensional image. After that, we adopt the scheme of supervised learning to classify the scene type of the image. The main advantages of our method are that: Firstly we revised the existed sparse saliency model to better suit for image segmentation, Secondly we propose a new color modeling method during the process of GrabCut segmentation. Finally we extract object-level top down information and low-level image cues together to distinguish the type of images. Experiments show that our proposed scheme can obtain comparable performance to other approaches.
Data needed for developing and monitoring policies

To develop and monitor any aspect of drug policies – which naturally include cost containment – one needs to collect reliable and valid data on processes and outcomes. This chapter focuses on the data needed to detect and evaluate the impact of a drug policy on the different elements of drug management and delivery. Important variables relate to the various aspects of prescribing, dispensing and consumption, but also to the ultimate consequences in terms of health and finance. The types of data discussed in this chapter therefore include facts and figures on pharmaceutical expenditure, utilization, price, health and economics outcomes, as well as data on the pharmaceutical industry. Since drug expenditure is determined largely by price, patient need and prescribing choice, data on expenditure can only be realistically monitored by taking these elements into consideration. The data needed in order to develop and monitor drug policies must therefore relate to a whole series of issues and actors. One needs to consider how these data can be obtained and examine some methodological problems that can arise in collecting and using them. Monitoring alone will not explain the trend in drug expenditures, nor will it answer the question as to whether the level of expenditure is appropriate to meet reasonable goals in terms of health. It is therefore necessary to look beyond expenditure data and examine the changes in underlying trends in patient needs, prescribing choice and pricing. If we are to understand what factors create and modify a trend in drug expenditure, we shall need to look both at drug utilization and at prices. Expenditure data alone cannot, for example, differentiate a country with high unit consumption but low drug prices from one with high prices and lower levels of drug consumption.
The influence of subjective and objective knowledge on attitude, motivations and consumption of organic food

Purpose – Although the organic market has expanded in recent years, it remains small. Some researchers argue that consumers' lack of knowledge concerning organic food is an important factor slowing down growth. This paper aims to focus on the factors influencing objective and subjective knowledge with regard to organic food production and the relationship between both types of knowledge and consumer attitudes and motivations towards organic food and its consumption.Design/methodology/approach – A literature review is presented, relating to the impact of knowledge on behaviour in general and, more specifically, on organic food consumption. Several hypotheses are formulated concerning the relationship between objective and subjective knowledge, attitudes and organic food consumption and these are tested on organic vegetable consumption in Flanders (Belgium). Multiple regression models, a probit model and an analysis of variance are applied to a sample of 529 completed questionnaires (response rate=44 per ce.
Relationship development in international retail franchising: Case study evidence from the UK fashion sector

The relationship marketing paradigm has emerged as a major tool by which marketers may examine and conceptualise relationships with consumers, however its application to the business‐to‐business dimension of retailing has been largely neglected. The current work examines one particular aspect of business‐to‐business marketing: the franchisor‐franchisee relationship in the context of international fashion retailing. This relationship is examined in the light of the relationship marketing literature, with particular reference to the relevance of the marriage analogy. Employing a case study approach, this paper considers international fashion retailers' response to the need to develop business‐to‐business relationships in international markets via the franchising mode of market entry. The paper concludes that the marriage analogy is useful in the context of franchise relationships if properly defined by core and intended relationship benefits.
Optimal online scheduling of parallel jobs with dependencies

We study the following general on-line scheduling problem. Paralleljobs arrive on a parallel machine dynamically according to thedependencies between them. Each job requests a certain number ofprocessors in a specific communication configuration, but its runningtime is not known until it is completed. We present optimal on-linealgorithms for PRAMs and one-dimensional meshes, and efficientalgorithms for hypercubes and general meshes. For PRAMs we obtainoptimal tradeoffs between the competitive ratio and the largestnumber of processors requested by any job.