Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genus Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) in Argentina. How bad taxonomy results in poor regulations and no conservation.

Summary Four species of the genus Gymnotus are present in Argentina: G. inaequilabiatus, G. omarorum, G. pantanal, and G. sylvius, the last three species being recorded for the first time in freshwater courses. Gymnotus omarorum, G. pantanal, and G. sylvius together with others of the genus Brachyhypopomus are the group of fishes that bear the greatest impact in the trade as live bait for sport fishing in the northeastern region of Argentina. Within this large area, only the provinces of Chaco, Corrientes, and Formosa have regulations for the catch, trade, and sale of species as live bait. Unfortunately, the species covered by legal regulations are Gymnotus carapo and Brachyhypopomus brevirostris, neither of which occurs in freshwater habitats of Argentina. Comments are included as to how this bad taxonomy affects the regulations and conservation status of these species.
[Hypothalamic MRI, a new diagnostic tool in anorexia nervosa?]

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. L’IRM hypothalamique, un nouvel outil diagnostique dans l’anorexie mentale ? Vincent Florent, Marc Baroncini, Vincent Prévot
Different Tinidazole Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms for Patients with Periodontitis

Tinidazole belongs to the class of nitroimidazole antibiotics and has a broad antibacterial spectrum. It can exert superior antibacterial activity against many anaerobic bacteria. It has been relatively common in the treatment of patients with periodontitis, and the effect is good. This article is to observe the effect of different tinidazole drug dosage forms in patients with periodontitis. Methods Ninety patients with periodontitis were enrolled in the study. They were divided into the study group for the treatment of tinidazole oral patch and the reference group for the treatment of tinidazole oral tablets. Compared. The results showed that the overall treatment efficiency and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the study group was significantly higher and lower than the reference group, P < 0.05, statistically significant. For patients with periodontitis, the results of different treatments are not the same, and the results of the tinidazole oral patch treatment program are more significant. The tinidazole oral patch can be administered in a local administration mode to make the local drug concentration high while maintaining a long-term drug effect without causing serious adverse reaction problems.
Diurnal trends and relationship to forage quality of ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration, pH and osmolarity in wildebeest on dry range in Tanzania*

Summary One tamed wildebeest cow with a rumen fistula provided rumen fluid samples at four times of the day during 2 weeks, whilst grazing dry natural rangeland. The VFA level showed a peak after the early morning grazing period and then kept declining until the last sample was taken at 16.00 hours. However, the minimum was recorded at 13.00 hours on days when water was offered at 11.00 hours. The osmolarity behaved similarly, but changes in the pH were non-significant. The mean daytime VFA level was 101meq/1. Literature has been reviewed to show that this variable is a useful index to forage quality. Data on the energy and protein content of the diet and on digestible organic matter intake are therefore presented to aid future comparisons. The range of VFA concentrations found (65–194 meq/l) is not different from other ungulates. It is also intimated that wildebeest and sheep derive the same amount of VFA (0.85 mol) from 100 g digestible organic matter. Resume Un gnou apprivoise et muni d'un fistule permettais le prelevement du jus du rumen quatre fois par jour pendant deux semaines, lorsqu'il broutait l'herbe naturelle seche. La concentration en acides gras volatiles (AGV) etait elevee dans le bon matin et diminuait apres jusqu'a 13h00 ou 16h00. L'osmolarite changeait d'un mode similaire, mais la mesure du pH variait tres peu. La concentration moyenne en AGV etait 101 meq/l. De la litterature a ete resumee, indiquant que cette mesure est tres utile pour evaluer la qualite de la nourriture. A cet egard, nous avons presente des donnees sur le contenu en energie et proteines du fourrage et sur la quantite de matiere organique digestible ingeree. Les resultats ont ete compares avec ceux des autres ruminants sauvages et domestiques. II apparait qu'ils sont semblables.
The Origins and Dynamics of Export Superstars

Export superstars are important for export growth and diversification and are typically born large. Firm-level data on manufacturing trade from 32 developing countries show that the top five exporters account for on average nearly one-third of exports, 47 percent of export growth, and a third of the growth due to export diversification over a five-year period. Within countries and industries, export growth is positively correlated with the share of exports in the top five firms. Most of the top five exporters were already large five (or eight) years ago or are new firms; it is rare for these export superstars to emerge from the bottom half of the distribution of firm sizes. For countries where detailed data exist, superstars are producers, not traders, and are primarily foreign owned.
Potential of methane and carbon dioxide in vitro production by Urochloa hybrid subjected to periods of coexistence with weeds

The increased world population has raised the demand for animal proteins, forcing livestock to become productive, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. This study aimed to assess the effect of weed coexistence on productivity, nutritional quality, and potential production of greenhouse gases (GHG) by Convert HD364 grass (Urochloa hibrida cv. Mulato II) under pasture renovation conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and treatments consisting of eight coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after seedling emergence. Phytosociological assessments were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Convert HD364 grass was assessed for the morphological and chemical-bromatological parameters and for the GHG emission potential. Productivity, nutritional quality, and energy value of the Convert HD364 grass decreased proportionally with the increased period of weed coexistence. The non-coexistence with weeds results in a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the potential of GHG emission by the dry matter of the Convert HD364 grass.
In silico analysis of genomic variables associated to HPV16 integration sites

Background: Despite current prophylactic interventions, a significant proportion of patients suffers a cancer-specific mortality, leading to a global awareness of the importance of identifying factors associated to the etiology of HPV-associated cancer. According to this, HPV-DNA integration into human genome is an important event in the pathogenesis. Purpose: To identify in silico , molecular regions of the genome where the HPV integration events occur Methods: We performed a bioinformatic study based on a systematic search in Medline through PubMed, Embase and Lilacs from inception to April 2019. We used the UCSC Genome Browser Home ( https://genome.ucsc.edu) to evaluate the genetic environment. Results: HPV integration sites by anatomical location related to cervical cancer were 374 (61%). In addition, 325 (87%) of these integration sites had HPV-16, 21 (5%) had HPV-18 and 28 (7%) had another type of genotype. Oro-pharyngeal cavity was the second anatomic site with 162 (26%) integration sites. It is noteworthy that the HPV-16 was found integrated into 160 (99%) analyzed sites. Conclusion: Our results suggest that many of the integration sites reported in the scientific literature are HPV 16 from squamous cell carcinomas and 50% of HPV16 were integrated into transcriptional units that might affect the expression of gene target.
The search for a vaccine against schistosomiasis ‐ a difficult path hut an achievable goal

Summary: The search for an effective vaccine against schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease currently affecting over 200 million people, remains a desirable but as yet challenging and elusive goal. Progress in the area has been relatively slow but research demonstrating the ability of humans to acquire natural immunity to schistosome infection, together with the successful use in animals of attenuated vaccines, supplemented with encouraging results obtained with defined antigens, suggests that development of a vaccine is achievable. Noteworthy also are recent immune correlate findings which shed light on the complex, putatively protective immune responses in buinans, which have improved the prospects of success. With the first human clinical trial having been completed with a schistosome vaccine candidate, this review examines current progress aimed at achieving the objective of a safe and effective vaccine for widespread use against schistosomiasis. The review emphasises work undertaken in the author's laboratory and those of his chief collaborators in the search for a vaccine against schistosomiasis japonica, a disease of major public health significance in The People's Republic of China and The Philippines. Schistosomiasis vaccines should not be considered as the panacea for schistosomiasis control as, when available, it is generally envisaged that they would be used as one component of an integrated strategy complementing currently available and effective tools such as chemotherapy, improvements to sanitation, piped water supply, effective sewage draining and health education.
Tillage and urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer rate and placement affects winter wheat following grain sorghum and soybean

In the eastern Great Plains, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is often rotated with other crops to diversify cropping systems. In these multicropping systems, wheat typically is planted with conservation tillage methods, but previous crop residues influence fertilizer N management. This field study was conducted from 1992 through 2001 in southeastern Kansas on a Parsons lilt loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic, Mollic Albaqualf). The objectives were to determine effects and interactions of previous crop {grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]], tillage system [reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT)], N rate (67 and 134 kg ha -1 ), and preplant placement (surface-broadcast and subsurface-knife) of urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN, 280 g kg -1 ) on wheat grain yield, yield components, and plant N uptake in a 2-yr cropping rotation. Wheat yields averaged 339 Mg ha -1 following soybean compared with 2.90 Mg ha -1 following grain sorghum. Tillage effects on grain yield were smaller than other treatment factors, averaging 3.23 Mg ha -1 for RT and 3.06 Mg ha -1 for NT. Grain yields were greatest in all cropping systems for the high-N-rate subsurface-knife treatment. Plant N uptake responses indicated that grain yield differences were primarily related to greater immobilization of both fertilizer and soil N following grain sorghum, compared with soybean, and to better utilization of subsurface-knifed N than surface-broadcast N. Results indicate that wheat yield potential is more strongly influenced by previous crop, fertilizer N rate, and N placement method than tillage system.
The Susceptibility of Boophilus annulatus (Ixodidae) Ticks to Entomopathogenic Fungi

The pathogenicity of five species of entomopathogenic fungi (Deuteromycetes, species: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium flavoviride, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Verticillium lecanii ) to the various developmental stages of Boophilus annulatus ticks was compared under laboratory conditions. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana strains were most virulent to engorged females and caused 85-100% mortality within 7-10 days post-inoculation (PI). The highest mortality of engorged females caused by other fungi reached only 25-60%. All tested fungi prevented or reduced the egg laying capability of the ticks several days before their death. Females surviving after treatment with the most virulent M. anisopliae strain (Ma-7) reached only 7-8% of their egg laying capacity as compared with the control. Other fungi caused a reduction of the weight of laid eggs by 35.4-80.8% as compared with untreated females. Only M. anisopliae and B. bassiana strains caused 70-98% mortality of the treated eggs. Unfed larvae of Boophilus annulatus were sensitive to M. anisopliae and M. flavoviride strains. The Ma-7 strain was most virulent to unfed larvae, with a mortality rate of 80.4% at a concentration of 1 2 107 spores ml -1 and 100% mortality at a concentration of 1 2 108 spores ml -1 .
Adult idiosomal setal patterns in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina)

ABSTRACT Forty-one pairs of setae and a single post-anal seta are known to occur on the idiosoma of adult Phytoseiidae. Twenty-one pairs and the post-anal seta are present on all known species in the family. Variations in the occurrence of the remaining 20 pairs produce different idiosomal setal patterns: 85 patterns for the adult females and 71 for the adult males. Comparisons of the setal patterns between different body areas show that there has been extensive homoplasy in the evolution of idiosomal setal patterns. Idiosomal chaetotaxy of the Phytoseiidae is compared to that of the Ascinae and the Otopheidomenidae.
Investigating the recent decline in gadoid stocks in the west of Scotland shelf ecosystem using a foodweb model

Abundance and biomass of cod, haddock, and whiting in the waters off of the west coast of Scotland (wcoS) have undergone large changes in recent years, most notably a recent decline. These three species contribute a considerable part of Scottish demersal landings from this area and as such it is important to understand why these stocks are behaving the way they are. A number of explanations for the decline have been proposed, including: seal predation, pressure from Nephrops trawls, and fishing pressure more generally. We used an ecosystem model of the wcoS continental shelf (,200 m depth) to investigate whether these proposed explanations for declining gadoid stocks are feasible. Results suggest that the rise in the grey seal population over recent years has not led to the decline in gadoid stocks; there is insufficient bycatch by the Nephrops fleet to have a large impact on gadoid stocks; however, fishing, as a key driver of the west of Scotland shelf ecosystem, has impacted stocks and by decreasing fishing levels to maximum sustainable yield cod biomass may increase slightly though not returning to previous levels. Although this means we are little further forward in understanding the cause of recent gadoid declines in the area, the development of this model has enabled us to further our knowledge and understanding of aspects of trophic structure and the impacts of fishing on the wcoS.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PSORIASIS SEVERITY AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β1 AND β2 IN PLASMA AND SCALES FROM PSORIATIC LESIONS

Abstract Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder with hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, that can be the result of insufficient inhibitory effect of transforming growth factors-β (TGF-β). The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between TGF-β1 and -β2 in plasma or scales from psoriatic lesions and the severity of the disease. TGF-β concentrations were measured with an enzyme immunoassay in 41 patients with psoriasis. The mean plasma concentrations of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in patients were: 15.7±1.4 and 0.15±0.02 ng/ml respectively. It was also detectable in scales and varied from 24 to 1159 and from 0 to 2.95 pg/mg protein respectively. Plasma TGF-β1 correlated significantly with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Significant correlation was also demonstrated between TGF-β1 concentration in scales and sedimentation rate or the disease duration. There were no correlation between PASI and plasma TGF-β2, scales TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. The highest mean concentration of TGF-β1 in scales of patients with mild form of the disease (203±65 pg/mg protein) and the lowest in severe form (147±54 pg/mg protein) have been shown. These findings demonstrated association between PASI and plasma levels of TGF-β1, that should be considered as a possible indicator of psoriasis activity.
ANALYSIS OF BLACK HOLE ATTACK DURING ROUTE DISCOVERY PHASE OF AODV IN MANET

*1, 2 Computer Science & Engineering, United Institute of Technology Naini Allahabad, India Abstract: MANET (Mobile ad hoc networks) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming an infrastructure less network. Several routing protocols are designed for routing of packets in MANET. One of them is AODV (Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector) protocol whose performance is better for higher mobile nodes. It is more vulnerable to black hole attack by the malicious node. Black hole attack is a network layer attack in MANET that tries to hamper the routing process. During route discovery phase it sends false reply to the nodes and dropped data packets. In this paper, first we have implemented black hole attack in AODV and then analyzed the impact of black hole attack under deferent metrics like throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet loss. Simulator NS-2.35 is used for implementation and result analysis.
Microscopy of rice starch granules during cooking

Starch from five cultivars of rice was pasted in the Brabender viscograph and then held at 95°C for 60 min. Granules were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. In concentrated (12%) pastes, low-amylose rice starch showed total granule disintegration after 60 min of cooking at 95°C, but highamylose granules showed only marginal disorganization. Waxy starch granules were disintegrated even at 70°C. In dilute (1%) pastes, on the other hand, granules swelled without appreciable disruption, apparently more in low than in high amylose starch. Clearly low amylose starch granules were weak and fragile and so swelled as well disintegrated easily, while high amylose rice starch was relatively strong and rigid and so resisted swelling as well as disintegration. This relative rigidity/fragility of starch granules seemed to be the key to differences in rice quality.
Sexual Selection, Mating Systems, and the Evolution of Avian Acoustical Displays

We tested the prediction that males of polygynous species with leklike mating systems exhibit convergent acoustical displays. Acoustical displays were compared among species in nine avian families having species with monogamous and polygynous mating systems. Polygynous species were more noisy, consistently used a broader range of sound frequencies, made many nonvocal sounds, and were less melodic than their monogamous counterparts. The sounds produced by polygynous males were similar to aggressive calls. These results confirm the prediction of an evolutionary convergence in courtship sound characters among species that have independently evolved polygyny. The hypothesis that male displays are not arbitrary but have important functions emerging with the evolution of polygyny is also supported. The similarity among male displays may be a result of the female use of courtship calls to assess the dominance of prospective mates.
STUDIES ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF LIGNIN AND SUBERIN TO THE IMPEDANCE OF WOUNDED CARROT ROOT TISSUE TO FUNGAL INVASION

Summary During repair, phloem parenchyma cells near wound surfaces accumulated suberin and lignin. At 15 °C, all cells in the surface layer had become suberized within 48 h of wounding but lignification was slower, reaching a maximum at 168 h and the distribution was patchy. When fresh wounds were inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, Botrytis cinerea or Mycocentrospora acerina, patterns of lignification were not related in a simple way to pathogenicity; only Mycocentrospora acerina was stimulatory and remained localized in the wound surface bounded by heavily-lignified cells. If a 250 μm layer of tissue was removed from the surface of fresh or healed wounds its high impedance to Mycocentrospora acerina was substantially reduced by removal of antifungal substances. We therefore conclude that the development of structural barriers is less important than the accumulation of antifungal substances in the resistance of healing wounds. A method for the quantitative estimation of lignin is described.
WINNING THE TALENT WAR: UNDERSTANDING MALAYSIAN ISLAMIC FINANCE GRADUATE TALENTS JOB AND ORGANIZATION ATTRIBUTES PREFERENCES USING CHOICE BASED CONJOINT ANALYSIS

The talent crunch and consequent war of talent poses serious risk for the success and sustainability of industries all over the globe. This is most especially so in the Malaysian Islamic finance industry which has been witnessing huge talent gap and fierce competition for limited talent. This study, unlike past research, employs discrete choice conjoint analysis, a new quantitative method to provide information on the relative importance of identified job and organisation attributes in determining the job preference or choice of graduate talents of Insaniah university college Malaysia. All identified job and organisation attributes were found to positively significant in determining job choice of talents. Job security is relatively the most preferred attribute and donation to charity is the least preferred. Organization reputation attributes such as training and development which are internal reputation attributes are found to be relatively very important. In contrast, donation to charity, an external corporate reputation attribute, is found to be least relatively important. This study results strongly suggest that policy makers in Malaysian Islamic finance industry should incorporate the preferred attributes in the employee value proposition to attract the needed pool of talent.
Foraging and Flocking Strategies: Information in an Uncertain Environment

In this paper we have investigated the effects of uncertainty and information on the foraging strategies of animals. We first argue that group foraging, or flocking, can increase individual feeding rates as a result of the sharing of information among group members. Also, members of a foraging group may experience reduced variation in their feeding rates. Both of these advantages increase with the scarcity and patchiness of the food supply. On the other hand, our analysis also suggests that the informational advantages of flocking may tend to be dissipated by "overflocking," which is in fact an evolutionarily stable strategy. (Possible defense strategies against overflocking, such as territoriality or aggression, have not been considered here. We also discuss the strategy of individual foragers. We suggest that the traditional analysis in terms of marginal values, residence times, and giving-up times, may be misleading. It turns out to be important to "probe," especially in patches where food abundance is highly variable. The marginal value theorem fails completely to reflect this aspect of uncertainty and information.