Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SurePath liquid-based cytology versus conventional smears for interpretation of serous effusion fluids: a study of 104 cases

Background In daily practice, cytological diagnosis of serous effusion on conventional preparation can be challenging due to many drawbacks. SurePath liquid-based cytology (LBC) can improve diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the current study was to compare seven cytomorphological criteria, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy between the conventional and BD SurePath LBC preparations in serous effusion samples. Materials and methods This retrospective study included 104 serous effusion samples. All materials were processed using both conventional cytological preparation and BD SurePath LBC technique. Clinicoradiological findings and previous histopathological or cytological reports were used as gold standards for final confirmed diagnosis. Results LBC preparation was more helpful in presenting a clear background, single cells, and loosely cohesive small monolayer sheets, better staining quality and less inflammatory cells (P<0.001). No significant difference was reported with regard to cellularity, cell distribution, and cellular details. Both techniques demonstrated similar diagnoses in 90 of 104 (84.1%) cases. The kappa statistics for the two methods was 0.087. The exact match of conventional cytology to the reference diagnosis was detected in 50 positive cases and 43 negative cases. SurePath LBC properly classified 56 positive and 40 negative cases. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.4 and 92.3% for conventional and LBC, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy for the combined techniques was 95.2%. Conclusion BD SurePath technique has better staining quality, clean background with eliminated inflammatory cells, and predominance of single cells and monolayer sheets. SurePath LBC technique was associated with better sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy than conventional preparation. The combined preparations increased sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy compared with those with either method on its own.
Comparisons on Clustering Methods: Use of LMS Log Variables on Academic Courses

Academic analytics guides university decision-makers to assign limited resources more effectively. Especially, diverse academic courses clustered by the usage patterns and levels on LMS (Learning Management System) help understanding instructors’ pedagogical approach and the integration level of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Further, the clustering results can contribute deciding proper range and levels of financial and technical supports. However, in spite of diverse analytic methodologies, clustering analysis methods often provide different results. This study argues that clustering analysis should be carefully reviewed and consequently required of insights from the researchers and educational practitioners. The purpose of this study is to present implications by using three different clustering analysis including Gaussian Mixture Model, K-Means clustering, and Hierarchical clustering. For this, we have clustered academic courses based on the usage levels and patterns of LMS utilized in higher education using clustering techniques. In this study, 2,639 courses opened during 2013 fall semester in a large private university located in South Korea were analyzed with 13 observation variables that represent the characteristics of academic courses. The results of analysis show that the strengths and weakness of each clustering analysis and provide different implications and approaches for academic leaders and university staff to make strategic decision on development of LMS.
Actinomyces naeslundii Bacteremia in an Elderly Woman With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Actinomyces naeslundii is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, non– spore-forming, facultative anaerobe, which is present as a normal commensal of human oral cavity, intestines, vagina, and upper respiratory system. Bacteremia due to A. naeslundii is rare and poses an increased risk of subacute and chronic granulomatous inflammation, which can affect any organ system via hematogenous spread. Infections due to A. naeslundii has beenmainly reported in cases of periodontitis and fewothers in endocarditis, septic arthritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, cholecystitis, liver abscess, cervical actinomycosis, mediastinitis, and pulmonary infection. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who complained of a fall due to lower-limb weakness. She reported generalized fatigue, polyuria, and lower abdominal pain several days before the episode of falling. She had a history of recurrent urinary tract infection, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, hysterectomy, and osteoarthritis. On admission, she was febrile (38°C), tachycardic (108 beats/min), and hypertensive (174/70mmHg). She was alert and oriented to person, place, and time with no focal or meningeal signs. She had multiple noninfected abrasions over her knees. Laboratory studies were significant for anemia (10.6 g/dL) and hyperglycemia (342 mg/dL). Urine examination showed pyuria (>1163 white blood cells), hematuria (15 red blood cells), and positive leukocyte esterase. Blood cultures were obtained, and she was empirically administered vancomycin and cefepime. Four days later, blood cultures grew gram-positive rods, which were further identified as A. naeslundii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight. As urine culture was taken after initiation of antibiotics, no growth was obtained. However, there was significant improvement in pyuria with resolution of her urinary symptoms. As part of the bacteremiaworkup, the patient underwent dental evaluation, which showed moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis and dental caries extending into the pulp. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography and echocardiogram all did not showabnormalities. Her antibiotic treatmentwas switched from vancomycin and cefepime to piperacillin-tazobactam. Blood cultures cleared within 4 days of antibiotic therapy. After completing aweek of intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam, the patient was discharged on oral amoxicillin-clavulanate for a duration of 1 month. In addition, she was scheduled for multiple dental extractions following discharge. Actinomyces naeslundii is the secondmost common cause of actinomycosis (median, 7.0%) after Actinomyces israelii (median, 72.7%). Distant infections are usually related to prior dental procedures or poor dental hygiene. It is well known that chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is an element that increases the rates of infection due to structural changes in tissue and impaired wound healing. We believe that our patient developed Actinomyces
The characteristics of left ventricular filling in ischemic cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study

In order to identify left ventricular filling characteristics in ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral flow velocity patterns were examined in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=18), patients with idiopathic dilated cardio­ myopathy (n= 12) and normals (n=30) by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. All patients underwent coronary angiography and contrast ventriculography. None had significant mitral regurgitation. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not show significant difference between two groups (27±8%, 25±8%, p>0.05). Higher left ventricular end diastolic pressure was seen in ischemic cardiomyopathy compared to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (25±7 mmHg, 18±6 mmHg, p<0.05). Left ventricular diastolic functions had significant changes in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) was higher (99±23 msec, 81 ±6 msec, p<0.05), peak early filling velocity (PE)/peak atrial filling velocity (PA) ratio was lower (0.87+0.4, 2.1+1.2, p<0.001) in ischemic cardiomyopathic patients than in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy group. Both group had increased atrial contribution and shortened deceleration time in comparison with normals. IVRT and PE/PA ratio were not different in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy from normals. These differences of left ventricular diastolic function parameters may be important to distinguish ischemic cardiomyopathy from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy noninvasively. [Turk J Med Res 1995; 13(1): 12-15]
Selective Immunomodulation of Inflammatory Pathways in Keratinocytes by the Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitor Tofacitinib: Implications for the Employment of JAK-Targeting Drugs in Psoriasis

IFN-γ and IL-22 are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, as they boost the expression of inflammatory genes and alter proliferative and differentiative programs in keratinocytes. The JAK1/JAK2/STAT1 and JAK1/TYK2/STAT3 pathways triggered by IFN-γ and IL-22, respectively, are aberrantly activated in psoriasis, as highlighted by the peculiar STAT1 and STAT3 signatures in psoriatic skin lesions. To limit the detrimental consequences of IFN-γ and IL-22 excessive stimulation, psoriatic keratinocytes activate suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3, which in turn dampen molecular signaling by inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2. Thus, JAK targeting appears to be a reasonable strategy to treat psoriasis. Tofacitinib is an inhibitor of JAK proteins, which, similarly to SOCS, impedes JAK phosphorylation. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of tofacitinib on epidermal keratinocytes in in vitro and in vivo models of psoriasis. We demonstrated the selectivity of tofacitinib inhibitory action on IFN-γ and IL-22, but not on TNF-γ or IL-17 proinflammatory signaling, with suppressed expression of IFN-γ-dependent inflammatory genes, and restoration of normal proliferative and differentiative programs altered by IL-22 in psoriatic keratinocyte cultures. Tofacitinib also potently reduced the psoriasiform phenotype in the imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasis. Finally, we found that tofacitinib mimics SOCS1 or SOCS3 activities, as it impaired the same molecular pathways in IFN-γ or IL-22-activated keratinocytes.
EIT Imaging of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Rabbit Models Is Influenced by the Intactness of Cranium

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been shown to be a promising, bedside imaging method to monitor the progression of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). However, the observed impedance changes within brain related to ICH differed among groups, and we hypothesized that the cranium intactness (open or closed) may be the one of potential reasons leading to the difference. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate this effect of open or closed cranium on impedance changes within brain in the rabbit ICH model. In this study, we first established the ICH model in 12 rabbits with the open cranium and in 12 rabbits with the closed cranium. Simultaneously, EIT measurements on the rabbits' heads were performed to record the impedance changes caused by injecting the autologous nonheparinized blood into cerebral parenchyma. Finally, the regional impedance changes on EIT images and the whole impedance changes were analyzed. It was surprisingly found that when the cranium was open, the impedance of the area where the blood was injected, as well as the whole brain impedance, decreased with the amount of blood being injected; when the cranium was closed, while the impedance of the area where blood was not injected continued to increase, the impedance of the area where blood was injected decreased within 20s of the blood being injected and then remained almost unchanged, and the whole brain impedance had a small fall and then notably increased. The results have validated that the cranium completeness (open or closed) has influences on impedance changes within brain when using EIT to monitor ICH. In future study on application of EIT to monitor ICH, the cranium completeness should be taken into account for establishing an ICH model and analyzing the corresponding EIT results.
Comparative Biochemical and Histopathological Studies on the Efficacy of Metformin and Virgin Olive Oil against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Treatment of diabetic patients with antioxidant, such as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), may be beneficial in numerous debilitating complexities. This study was aimed at assessing the protective role of virgin olive oil in reducing hyperglycemia in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (6 rats per group) including nondiabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and animals treated with metformin, olive oil, and a combination of olive oil and metformin, respectively. The protective effect of olive oil was evaluated by determining the biochemical parameters (lipid profile, liver, and kidney) and by studying the histopathological alterations in pancreas, liver, and kidney tissues. The results showed a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in diabetic rats. ALP levels remained significantly elevated in the diabetic rats that were treated with metformin and/or olive oil, and the highest level was noted in the group treated with olive oil (568.33 U/L). Contrarily, pretreatment with olive oil significantly decreased ALT (67.64 U/L) and ALP (226.17 U/L) levels. Histopathological data revealed that all the disorganized islets of Langerhans along with the clusters of inflammatory cells were absent in the group pretreated with the combination of virgin olive oil and metformin, which shows that prophylactic administration of this combination reduces the diabetic complications in a much better way. Therefore, pretreatment with olive oil with or without metformin is an encouraging approach for diabetes therapy with immense potential.
Thermal requirements, life expectancy and fertility tables of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) under laboratory conditions

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine the thermal requirements and develop life expectancy and fertility tables of Aphis craccivora (L.) in Vigna unguiculata (Walp.). The insects were kept in Petri dishes and fed V. unguiculata leaf discs (cultivar BRS-Tumucumaque) under five constant temperatures (18, 22, 25, 28 and 31ºC). Live and dead insects and stages of development; the onset and duration of the pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods; the number of nymphs per female; and the longevity of the adults were quantified daily. Based on these observations, fertility life expectancy tables were developed, and the thermal requirements of the cowpea black-aphid were determined. Increased temperature influenced all stages of insect development, as well as the pre-reproductive and post-reproductive periods and the total number of nymphs per female. The base temperature for development was 9. 13ºC with thermal development constant of 99.0 GD. The highest net reproduction rate (Ro) was at 25ºC. At 28ºC, the greatest capacity to increase in number (rm) was observed, as well as the highest finite rate of increase (λ) and the shortest time to double in number (TD). The thermal range between 22 and 28ºC can be considered most favourable to the development of A. craccivora in V. unguiculata. Temperatures below 22 and above 28ºC affect the fertility and survival of cowpea black-aphids. Increased temperature induces reproduction and reduces the longevity and life expectancy of A. craccivora in cowpeas.
Applying Behavioral Theories to a Social Marketing Campaign*

In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began developing a social marketing campaign, Prevention IS Care , to encourage physicians to routinely screen HIV-infected patients for HIV transmission behaviors and to deliver HIV prevention messages. The planning team selected behavioral theories on the basis of formative research conducted during 2004–2005 and integrated these theories into the social marketing framework. The team decided to use the diffusion of innovation model and social cognitive theory. They selected as their target audience primary care and infectious disease physicians in private practice who deliver care to 50 or more persons living with HIV (PLWH). The social marketing framework, the diffusion of innovation model, and the social cognitive theory facilitated the development of this audience-centered campaign and provided elements that may encourage physicians to adopt the innovation: routine screening of HIV-infected patients for HIV transmission behaviors and delivery of HIV prevention messages during office visits.
Improvement of image reconstruction speed with GPU in cone beam CT breast imaging

Improvement of Image Reconstruction Speed with GPU in Cone Beam CT Breast Imaging by Shuaiping Ge Breast cancer is the most common and the second lethal cancer among women in the United States. Our group is constructing a dedicated cone beam breast CT (CBCT) system to provide true 3D image to improve the screening and diagnostic of breast cancer. Our result shows that dedicated CBCT out-perform a lot than conventional CT when detecting micro-calcification which is essential to the detection of early stage breast cancer. I also explored the possibility of using the super parallel computing power of GPU with CUDA environment to deal with data-immense and computationally-intensive image reconstruction process of CBCT. My results show that FDK algorithm image reconstruction with GPU is over 10 times faster than that with our PC cluster system. The faster and accurate image reconstruction implies potential new applications in diagnostic and therapy technology.
The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Hemoglobin Mass

The impact of the menstrual cycle on oxygen‐carrying capacity remains equivocal. Previous studies reported either reductions or no significant changes in hemoglobin concentration during the follicular phase when compared to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Changes in plasma volume associated with fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels likely contribute to the variations in hemoglobin concentration observed throughout the menstrual cycle. Thus, measures of hemoglobin concentration do not accurately represent the oxygen‐carrying capacity of the blood. Hemoglobin mass represents a more direct measure of oxygen‐carrying capacity. However, the impact of menstrual blood loss on hemoglobin mass remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on hemoglobin mass in pre‐menopausal women. Twenty women (age: 23 ± 6 years, height: 167 ± 7 cm, weight: 66 ± 13 kg) with a regular menstrual cycle using (n = 9) and not using hormonal contraceptives participated in the study. Hemoglobin mass was assessed using the carbon monoxide rebreathing technique on three separate visits. Visits for women using hormonal contraceptives were scheduled in the early follicular phase (3–5 days post‐onset of menses), late follicular phase (14 days post‐onset of menses), and late luteal phase (10 days after the late follicular visit). Visits for women not using hormonal contraceptives were scheduled in the early follicular phase (3–5 days post‐onset of menses), late follicular phase (1–2 days post‐surge of luteinizing hormone in urine), and late luteal phase (10 days after the late follicular visit). While hemoglobin concentration was nearly significantly different across phases of the menstrual cycle (early follicular: 13.1 ± 1.2 g/dL, late follicular: 12.7 ± 0.8 g/dL, late luteal: 12.8 ± 0.9 g/dL, p = 0.08), hemoglobin mass did not significantly differ between menstrual cycle phases (early follicular: 615 ± 62 g, late follicular: 609 ± 66 g, late luteal: 606 ± 69 g, p = 0.90). Thus, menstrual blood loss has no significant impact on hemoglobin mass or oxygen‐carrying capacity in women with a regular menstrual cycle.
DETERMINAN KEJADIAN PENDARAHAN POSTPARTUM DI RSUD KABUPATEN BIAK NUMFOR

Pendahuluan : Perdarahan postpartum meningkatkan kemungkinan kematian di rumah sakit dan menyebabkan 19% dari kematian ibu di rumah sakit (Polly.et.al. 2009). Penyebab langsung kematian ibu terkait kehamilan dan persalinan terutama adalah perdarahan 28% (Depkes. RI, 2008), tujuan: Mengetahui berapa besar faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian pendarahan postpartum di RSUD Kabupaten Biak Numfor, metode: penelitian bersifat observasional analitik dengan desain case control study, hasil : berdasarkan analisis Regresi Logistik Berganda variabel paritas ibu merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian pendarahan post partum dengan nilai Wald sebesar 8,942 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,00, dengan demikian paritas merupakan faktor risiko kejadian pendarahan postpartum, Kesimpulan: Umur < 20 tahun atau > 35 tahun memiliki risiko untuk mengalami perdarahan post partum 3,1 kali lebih besar daripada ibu yang berumur 20 – 35 tahun, Paritas ≤ 1 dan paritas > 3 memiliki risiko 6,1 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami perdarahan post partum dibandingkan dengan paritas 2 – 3, Riwayat persalinan tidak normal memiliki risiko untuk mengalami perdarahan postpartum 3,1 kali lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan ibu yang riwayat persalinan baik, Partus lama (persalinan ≥ 18 jam) memiliki risiko untuk mengalami perdarahan post partum 3,5 kali lebih besar daripada ibu dengan partus normal (≤ 18 jam ) Ibu dengan anemia memiliki risiko untuk mengalami perdarahan postpartum 2,9 kali lebih besar daripada ibu dengan tidak anemia (≤18 jam) namun tidak signifikan karena nilai P = 0.092, Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel paritas merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian perdarahan postpartum dengan nilai Wald sebesar 8.942.
Introduction to Digital Communication Systems

Combining theoretical knowledge and practical applications, this advanced-level textbook covers the most important aspects of contemporary digital communication systems. Introduction to Digital Communication Systems focuses on the rules of functioning digital communication system blocks, starting with the performance limits set by the information theory. Drawing on information relating to turbo codes and LDPC codes, the text presents the basic methods of error correction and detection, followed by baseband transmission methods, and single- and multi-carrier digital modulations. The basic properties of several physical communication channels used in digital communication systems are explained, showing the transmission and reception methods on channels suffering from intersymbol interference. The text also describes the most recent developments in the transmission techniques specific to wireless communications used both in wireline and wireless systems. The case studies are a unique feature of this book, illustrating elements of the theory developed in each chapter. Introduction to Digital Communication Systems provides a concise approach to digital communications, with practical examples and problems to supplement the text. There is also a companion website featuring an instructors solutions manual and presentation slides to aid understanding. Offers theoretical and practical knowledge in a self-contained textbook on digital communications Explains basic rules of recent achievements in digital communication systems such as MIMO, turbo codes, LDPC codes, OFDMA, SC-FDMA Provides problems at the end of each chapter with an instructors solutions manual on the companion website Includes case studies and representative communication system examples such as DVB-S, GSM, UMTS, 3GPP-LTE