Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glyph Based Visualization and Time Series Analysis for Software Project Management Data with Map Reduction

— The k-means algorithm is well known for its effectiveness in clustering large data sets. However, working only on numeric values prohibit it from being used to cluster real world data containing categorical values. In this paper we present two algorithms which extend the k-means algorithm to categorical domains and domains with mixed numeric and categorical values. The k-modes algorithm uses a simple matching dissimilarity measure to deal with categorical objects, replaces the means of clusters with modes, and uses a frequency-based method to update modes in the clustering process to minimize the clustering cost function. With these extensions the k-modes algorithm enables the clustering of categorical data in a fashion similar to k-means. The k-prototypes algorithm, through the definition of a combined dissimilarity measure, further integrates the k-means and k-modes algorithms to allow for clustering objects described by mixed numeric and categorical attributes. We use the well known soybean disease and credit approval data sets to demonstrate the clustering performance of the two algorithms. Our experiments on two real world data set with half a million objects each show that the two algorithms are efficient when clustering large data sets, which is critical to data mining applications.
Impact of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on the pelagic lower trophic levels of Oneida Lake, New York

We analyzed a data series on nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and young-of-the-year fish from Oneida Lake, New York, to test several hypotheses relating the response of the pelagic food web to grazing by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). System-wide grazing rates increased by one to two orders of magnitude after zebra mussel in- troduction. The most dramatic change associated with dreissenid grazing was increased water clarity and overall de- crease in algal biovolume and Chl a. Contrary to predictions, primary production did not decline. We attribute the lack of whole water column decline in primary productivity to the compensating effect of increased water clarity resulting in deeper penetration of photosynthetically active radiation. We observed no change in total or dissolved phosphorus concentrations. Although algal standing crop declined, Daphnia spp. biomass and production did not, but dominance shifted from Daphnia galeata mendotaeto Daphnia pulicaria. Consistent with our findings in the lower food web, we found no evidence that zebra mussels had a negative impact on young yellow perch (Perca flavescens) growth, bio- mass, or production. Thus, despite the order of magnitude increase in grazing rates and associated decrease in algal biomass, pelagic production at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels did not decline in association with zebra mussels.
The Effects of Insulin Like Growth Factor -1 (IGF-1) on the Plasticity of Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Colonies to In Vitro Neurogenic Differentiation

Umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) are pluripotent, easily expanded in culture, and has been much interest in their clinical potential for tissue repair and gene therapy. This study was performed to investigate the possibility of obtaining clonally expanded culture of MSCs derived from human UCB then studying the effect of Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) on the plasticity of MSCs colonies to their in vitro neurogenic differentiation and determining the differentiation pathway using neural marker (nestin). The mononuclear cells (MNCs) were obtained from cord blood after gradient density centrifugation, these cells were cultivated in a culture medium Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) supplemented with 10% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), then incubated at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for three weeks. In most cases, the cultures of plastic-adherent cells proved to be heterogonous. Both spindle-shaped and round cells were observed. Immunophenotypically, the MSCs were found to be positive for CD71 and negative for CD34. These results indicated that MSCs are not hematopoietic in origin. These cells after passage retained their fibroblast –like morphology. Regardless to the concentration of IGF-I, this growth factor stimulates the differentiation of MSCs –toward the neuronal pathway. So, the MSCs colonies showed the ability to maintain their plasticity to form the specialized cells (neuronal like cells) after treated with IGF-I even in culturing for long time and these cells stained positively to the nestin marker. In conclusion: the IGF-I promoted and maintained the plasticity of UCB-derived MSCs and their colonies to differentiate into neuronal-like cells. Key words: Mesenchymal stem cells, Umbilical cord blood, Nestin, Neurogenic differentiation, Insulin like growth factor-1.
The adaptation of the English voiceless affricate in 1930s Korean

Normal.dotm 0 0 1 183 1046 University of Toronto 8 2 1284 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false In this paper, we examine the adaptation of English / t ? / in Korean loanwords in the 1930s. The overall adaptation pattern found in the 1930s data is similar to the pattern found in Contemporary Korean; the affricate was adapted as /c h / and an epenthetic vowel (/i/) was inserted when the affricate occurred in non-prevocalic position in the English input. Also, similar to Contemporary Korean, a palatal glide was often inserted in the transcription even though the available evidence suggests that the glide d id not surface in the pronunciation. We argue that the distribution of in the transcription is not arbitrary ; rather, it follows the co? occurrence restrictions of in the native words and the transcription is a reflection of a level of phonological representation that is somewhat more abstract than the surface pronunciation. The only crucial difference found in the data between 1930s and contemporary Korean was that was frequently inserted in the 1930s data, due to the rounding gesture of the affricate in English , but the usage of in transcription or pronunciation is extremely rare in contemporary Korean. This indicates that loanword adaptation was more sensitive to phonetic details in the 1930s than in contemporary Korean.
Reversion from organic to conventional agriculture in Germany

Organic farming has become increasingly important in Germany in recent years. This is reflected in the positive trend shown by the total number of organic farms. Analyses which are based on official agricultural statistics show, however, that there is an underlying counter-trend of farms that leave the organic sector by reverting back to conventional methods. Between 2007 and 2010 1,258 German organic farms returned to conventional agriculture.
The global dynamics of discrete semilinear parabolic equations

A class of scalar semilinear parabolic equations possessing absorbing sets, a Lyapunov functional, and a global attractor are considered. The gradient structure of the problem implies that, provided all steady states are isolated, solutions approach a steady state as $t \to \infty $. The dynamical properties of various finite difference and finite element schemes for the equations are analysed. The existence of absorbing sets, bounded independently of the mesh size, is proved for the numerical methods. Discrete Lyapunov functions are constructed to show that, under appropriate conditions on the mesh parameters, numerical orbits approach steady state solutions as discrete time increases. However, it is shown that insufficient spatial resolution can introduce deceptively smooth spurious steady solutions and cause the stability properties of the true steady solutions to be incorrectly represented. Furthermore, it is also shown that the explicit Euler scheme introduces spurious solutions with period 2 in the timestep. As a result, the absorbing set is destroyed and there is initial data leading to blow up of the scheme, however small the mesh parameters are taken. To obtain stabilization to a steady state for this scheme, it is necessary to restrict the timestep in terms of the initial data and the space step. Implicit schemes are constructed for which absorbing sets and Lyapunov functions exist under restrictions on the timestep that are independent of initial data and of the space step; both one-step and multistep (BDF) methods are studied.
Ordered and disordered dynamics in random networks

Random Boolean networks that model genetic networks show transitions between ordered and disordered dynamics as a function of the number of inputs per element, K, and the probability, p, that the truth table for a given element will have a bias for being 1, in the limit as the number of elements N → ∞. We analyze transitions between ordered and disordered dynamics in randomly constructed ordinary differential equation analogues of the random Boolean networks. These networks show a transition from order to chaos for finite N. Qualitative features of the dynamics in a given network can be predicted based on the computation of the mean dimension of the subspace admitting outflows during the integration of the equations.
A Supervisory System to Detect Suspicious Behavior in Online Testing System

Computer vision is one of the most emerging fields in Information Technology. We propose a unique application of computer vision in this paper. In the proposed method, we have detected the suspicious behaviour of a student in an online or computer based testing system. The work is valuable especially for test centers, schools, colleges and universities. For the development of such system, we present a three stage process to detect mysterious actions. The experiment has shown the impressive results for warning generation and activity registration on successful detection. The most occurring inexplicable actions are listed: arm movement and flipping, head shaking dual sides, wobbling around premises, revolving side-by-side or back to back.
opaminergic functioning and preschoolers ’ theory of mind

Representational theory of mind (RTM) development follows a universal developmental timetable whereby major advances in reasoning about mental representations occur between the ages of 3 and 5 years old. This progression appears to be only absent in the case of specific neurodevelopmental impairments, such as autism. Taken together, this suggests that neuromaturational factors may play a role in RTM development. Recent EEG work has shown that one neuromaturational factor pacing this universal developmental timetable is the functional maturation of medial prefrontal cortex. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is thought to play a crucial role in typical frontal lobe development. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the role that DA may play in RTM development. Ninety-
DIVIDEND POLICY : NEW EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

The present paper takes advantage of two important changes in the Canadian taxation of capital gains in Canada to examine the interaction between taxation and corporate dividend policy. Our empirical results suggest that Canadian firms did not increase their dividend payout after the reduction of capital gains exemption in 1987; however, they did so when the remaining $100,000 capital gains exemption in 1994 was eliminated. Moreover, we find that firms with high level of control concentration tend to pay fewer dividends. Our finding suggests taxation does influence corporate dividend policy.
Fuzzy Controlled Based PV Three Phase Inverter For Grid Connected System

Distributed Generation (DG) is presently broadly utilized in numerous power age systems. It is generally in light of sustainable power sources and vitality stockpiling, for example, photovoltaic cells (PV), wind turbines (WT) and energy components to limit contamination and ozone harming substance emanations. For expansive scale establishments, a three stage control electronic inverter used to interface the wellspring of sustainable power source to the utility network. The related control framework and inverter are at the center of the vitality change process and their task is basic for low consonant contortion and to infuse high power quality current to the matrix. Consequently worldwide consonant and power quality proposals, for example, IEEEStandard519and1547,are often in place to limit the harmonic currents injected into the grid. Typically, 5% current total harmonic distortion (THD) limit is imposed. A Fuzzy controller is also implemented in this project in order to reduce the THD. In addition, the fuzzy and adaptive PR controller offers superior output power regulation, and improved power quality performance. Results are analyzed through MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Antiphase dynamics in multimode semiconductor lasers with optical feedback

We study the dynamics of multimode semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. Our model takes into account explicitly spatial effects, which are included by considering spatial profiles for N longitudinal modes coupled to the space-dependent gain. We also consider the effect of carrier diffusion. We find that in the weak feedback regime the longitudinal modes display antiphase oscillations that lead to a nearly constant output intensity. This result is largely independent of the value of the diffusion coefficient. For larger feedback we observe in-phase fast oscillations at a frequency close to the relaxation oscillation frequency of the solitary laser. In these two regimes, the total output of the laser has the properties of a single-mode laser for nondispersive applications. We assess the validity of an existing approximation scheme that has dealt with spatial inhomogeneities by expanding the carrier density into a truncated hierarchy of moments. We demonstrate that this approximation is very good when the underlying carrier diffusion is fast, thus leading to a weakly developed carrier grating.
1 The Market Value of Innovation : The Case of Indian Manufacturing

We revisit the relationship between market value and innovation in the context of manufacturing firms in a developing country, using data for Indian firms from 2001 through 2010. Surprisingly, we find that financial markets value the R&D investment of Indian firms the same or higher than it values such investment in developed economies like the US. The paper explores the use of a proxy for the option value of R&D and finds that this can account for a very small part of the R&D valuation (5 per cent at most). We also find that the market value-R&D relationship does not vary significantly across industry groups, although these results are rather imprecise. 1 Delhi School of Economics. Corresponding author: sunil_kanwar@econdse.org 2 University of California at Berkeley, NBER, IFS, and NIESR.
Development of Aspen: A microanalytic simulation model of the US economy

This report describes the development of an agent-based microanalytic simulation model of the US economy. The microsimulation model capitalizes on recent technological advances in evolutionary learning and parallel computing. Results are reported for a test problem that was run using the model. The test results demonstrate the model`s ability to predict business-like cycles in an economy where prices and inventories are allowed to vary. Since most economic forecasting models have difficulty predicting any kind of cyclic behavior. These results show the potential of microanalytic simulation models to improve economic policy analysis and to provide new insights into underlying economic principles. Work already has begun on a more detailed model.
Socioeconomic Status and Psychological Factors Involved in Suicide

The high number of suicides drew attention to medical professionals. In Europe suicide is one of the leading cause of death caused by intentional and unintentional injuries. We tried to evaluate the suicide rates and methods of suicide during a 3 years period. There were collected all the date provided by the archives of forensic services of Brasov county between 2011 and 2013 regarding age, sex, marital status, occupation, socio-economic status, methods of suicide and alcohol consumption before suicide. The statistics included 545 subjects included in the study, 293 were male (53.8%), and 252 were female (46.2%) who were admitted at the ER of Brasov County Emergency Hospital during study period. Of 545 patients with suicide attempt, 355 (65.15%) survived and were referred to the Psychiatry and Neurology Hospital for psychiatric treatment and psychological counseling. The number of male who died after a suicide attempt was significantly higher than in female cases (134 vs.56, p<0.001). Previous suicide attempts, depression, alcohol abuse and unemployment are strong factors for fatal suicide. Poor economic status and life events may contribute to suicide attempt in those individuals.
Emerging Infectious Disease (5): Meningococcal Disease

Meningococcal disease is a serious, potentially life-threatening bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitides. The peak incidence of meningococcal disease occurs in the first year of life following the loss of maternal antibodies. Although most common in children, meningococcal disease also affects adults. The disease most commonly is expressed as either meningococcal meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord or meningococcemia, a presence of bacteria in the blood. Neisseria meningitides has become the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in older children and young adults in the United States. Meningococcal disease strikes about 3,000 Americans each year and the case-fatality ratio is between 10 and 15 percent. Of patients recovered, 10 to 15 percent have permanent brain damage, mental retardation, hearing loss, learning disability, limb amputation or renal failure. Rapid initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy results in significant decrease in mortality rates. Prevention of meningococcal disease can be made by the use of antibiotics for certain exposed persons and by immunization. A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine provides protection against Neisseria meningitides serogrouop A, C, Y and W-135. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines can provide immunization for children young than two years of age. (Ann Disaster Med. 2005;3 Suppl 2:S73-S78)
The effects of excitation conditions and annealing temperature on power loss in SMC cores

The paper considers the effects of excitation conditions (maximum induction, frequency) and annealing temperature on power loss dissipated in cores made of commercially available soft magnetic composites. The study has confirmed that the choice of annealing temperature has a significant impact on the magnetic properties of ready-made cores. It has been found that Somaloy 500 cores annealed at 450° C feature the lowest loss density in a wide range of excitation frequencies. The dependencies: total power loss versus frequency have been described using four alternative descriptions. The results indicate that the considered dependencies are equivalent and may be approximately described with a two-term formula of the form: Ptotal = Whyst f + a f 2 . Streszczenie. W pracy przedstawiono wplyw parametrow wymuszenia (maksymalna indukcja, czestotliwośc) oraz temperatury wyzarzania na straty mocy rozpraszane w rdzeniach z komercyjnie dostepnych kompozytow magnetycznych SMC. Stwierdzono, ze wybor temperatury wyzarzania ma istotny wplyw na wlaściwości magnetyczne gotowych rdzeni. Zaobserwowano, ze rdzenie z materialu proszkowego Somaloy 500 wyzarzone w temperaturze 450° C wykazują najnizsze straty w szerokim zakresie czestotliwości magnesowania. Zaleznośc strat calkowitych od czestotliwości opisano za pomocą czterech alternatywnych formul. Wyniki badan wskazują na fakt, ze rozwazane zalezności mogą byc potraktowane jako rownowazne i opisane za pomocą formuly dwuskladnikowej w postaci Ptotal = Whyst f + a f 2 . Wplyw parametrow wymuszenia oraz temperatury wyzarzania na straty mocy rozpraszane w rdzeniach z kompozytow magnetycznych SMC .
Suppressive Effects of Puerariae Radix on the Breast Tumor Incidence in Rats Treated with DMBA

Puerariae Radix (PR) is the root of Pueraria lobata , an herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a food seasoning. Owing to its potential anti-oxidative ability, the effects of PR on the inhibition of breast tumors were investigated in this study using the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-treated rat model. Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four different treatment groups, with or without PR and/or DMBA administration. At the age of 177 days, all rats were sacrificed, the number and size of tumors were recorded, and blood and tissue samples were collected for assessment of hematological parameters, redox status, and tumorigenesis-related factors. We found that PR supplementation decreased tumor incidence and WBC count but increased the IgM levels, and significantly altered the redox status, elevated serum TGF-Beta levels, and reduced serum VEGF-C and ICAM-1 levels. The mechanism by which PR decreased the incidence of DMBA-induced rat breast tumors might include ameliorating immunity, enhancing the antioxidant status, increasing the hepatic excretion of carcinogenic metabolites of DMBA, and influencing the expression of tumorigenesis-related factors.
ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN FROM EXOTIC ANTARCTIC MARINE ( Pengubahsuaian Protein Antibeku Peptidomimetik daripada Hidupan Eksotik Marin Antartika )

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are synthesized by various cold-adapted organisms to enable them to survive in subzero environment. The unique role of AFPs recently attracted enormous interest to develop them as commercial products. In this work, we have studied the antifreeze activity of short helical protein fragments (peptides) instead of the entire antifreeze protein of Antarctic yeast Glaciozyma antarctica. Several short peptide segments were designed according to amino acid sequence of helical region of AFP-1 G.antarctica, which are assumed to be involved in its antifreeze activity. We have demonstrated that short peptide segments derived from yeast AFP possess antifreeze activity and result in modification of the ice crystals growth rates and habits. This strategy has enabled the preparation of short AFP with high antifreeze activity in large amount of quantities at a low cost further opens the chance of developing the commercial potentials of AFPs.
Density of corneal endothelial cells in eyes of dogs using specular microscopy

The aim of this study was to examine the endothelial surface and to perform a morphometric analysis of the corneal endothelial cells in normal eyes of dogs using specular microscopy. Morphometric analysis with regard mean cell area and cell density was performed. Both eyes of ten mixed-breed, males and females, with 6 years of age, weighing about 15 kg euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study were evaluated. Eyes were examined to determine that they did not have visible ocular disease and transported to the laboratory in moist chamber. Using a contact specular microscope the corneal endothelium was examined. Three images of the central corneal endothelium of each eye were obtained. The mean cell area and the cell density of the corneal endothelial cells were obtained using software for corneal endothelium analysis and density measurement. The mean cell area was 395 ± 36 µm 2 and the endothelial cell density was 2555 ± 240 cells/mm 2 . The present work demonstrates that the normal corneal endothelium of dog is similar to those described in human. Key-words: Corneal Endothelium. Specular Microscopy. Dog.