Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Unemployment Benefits Affect On‐The‐Job Search? Evidence from Labor Turnover Before Establishment Closures

We develop a job search model that predicts that potential job losers would reduce on&#8208;the&#8208;job search (OTJS) effort and job&#8208;to&#8208;job transitions before layoffs, in response to an increase in the potential duration of unemployment benefits (UB). To test this prediction, we exploit changes in the maximum potential duration of benefits in Germany to analyze how it affected labor turnover before establishment closings. The evidence supports the model prediction that workers with longer potential benefit duration are more likely to remain with their establishments until closure and to enter nonemployment. These findings indicate that the effects of UB on the OTJS decisions of potential job losers should be considered in the optimal design of the parameters of unemployment insurance systems.
Wavelet Based Classification of Epileptic Seizures in EEG Signals

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, sudden discharges of cerebral neurons, called seizures. Seizures are not always clearly defined and have extremely varied morphologies. Neurophysiologists are not always able to discriminate seizures, especially in long-term EEG datasets. Affecting 1% of the worlds population with 1/3 of the epileptic patients not corresponding to anti-epileptic medication, epilepsy is constantly under the microscope and systems for automated detection of seizures are thoroughly examined. In this paper, a method for automated detection of epileptic activity is presented. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to decompose the EEG recordings in several subbands and five features are extracted from the wavelet coefficients creating a set of features. The extracted feature vector is used to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Five classification problems are addressed, reaching high levels of overall accuracy ranging from 87% to 100%.
The Late Lytic LMP-1 Protein of Epstein-Barr Virus Can Negatively Regulate LMP-1 Signaling

ABSTRACT The BNLF-1 open reading frame of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes two related proteins, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and lytic LMP-1 (lyLMP-1). LMP-1 is a latent protein required for immortalization of human B cells by EBV, whereas lyLMP-1 is expressed during the lytic cycle and is found in the EBV virion. We show here that, in contrast to LMP-1, lyLMP-1 is stable, with a half-life of >20 h in tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate- and butyrate-treated B95-8 cells. Although lyLMP-1 itself has negligible effects on NF-κB activity, it inhibits NF-κB activation by LMP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The lyLMP-1 protein does not oligomerize with LMP-1, and the negative effect of lyLMP-1 on NF-κB activation by LMP-1 does not result from lyLMP-1-mediated disruption of LMP-1 oligomers. Modulation of LMP-1-activated signaling pathways is the first identified biological activity associated with lyLMP-1, and this activity may contribute to the progression of EBV's lytic cycle.
Interaction between hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus determines intensity of food anticipatory behavior

Food anticipatory behavior (FAA) is induced by limiting access to food for a few hours daily. Animals anticipate this scheduled meal event even without the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the biological clock. Consequently, a food-entrained oscillator has been proposed to be responsible for meal time estimation. Recent studies suggested the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) as the site for this food-entrained oscillator, which has led to considerable controversy in the literature. Herein we demonstrate by means of c-Fos immunohistochemistry that the neuronal activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which signals the rest phase in nocturnal animals, is reduced when animals anticipate the scheduled food and, simultaneously, neuronal activity within the DMH increases. Using retrograde tracing and confocal analysis, we show that inhibition of SCN neuronal activity is the consequence of activation of GABA-containing neurons in the DMH that project to the SCN. Next, we show that DMH lesions result in a loss or diminution of FAA, simultaneous with increased activity in the SCN. A subsequent lesion of the SCN restored FAA. We conclude that in intact animals, FAA may only occur when the DMH inhibits the activity of the SCN, thus permitting locomotor activity. As a result, FAA originates from a neuronal network comprising an interaction between the DMH and SCN. Moreover, this study shows that the DMH–SCN interaction may serve as an intrahypothalamic system to gate activity instead of rest overriding circadian predetermined temporal patterns.
In vivo imaging of the spectral line broadening of the human lung in a single breathhold

To present a technique, which allows for the in vivo quantification of the spectral line broadening of the human lung in a single breathhold. The line broadening is an interesting parameter of the lung because it can provide information about important lung properties, namely: inflation and oxygen uptake. The proposed technique integrates the asymmetric spin‐echo (ASE) approach, which is commonly used to quantify the line broadening, with a single shot turbo spin‐echo pulse sequence with half‐Fourier acquisition (HASTE), to reduce the acquisition times.
Dysfunction of early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in higher-order processing of visual information. This study evaluated the integrity of early visual processing in order to evaluate the overall pattern of visual dysfunction in schizophrenia. METHOD Steady-state visual-evoked potential responses were recorded over the occipital cortex in patients with schizophrenia and in age- and sex-matched comparison volunteers. Visual-evoked potentials were obtained for stimuli composed of isolated squares that were modulated sinusoidally in luminance contrast, number of squares, or chromatic contrast in order to emphasize magnocellular or parvocellular visual pathway activity. RESULTS Responses of patients to magnocellular-biased stimuli were significantly lower than those of comparison volunteers. These lower response levels were observed in conditions using both low luminance contrast and large squares that biased processing toward the magnocellular pathway. In contrast, responses to stimuli that biased processing toward the parvocellular pathway were not significantly different between schizophrenia patients and comparison volunteers. A significant interaction of group and stimulus type was observed in the condition using low luminance contrast. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a dysfunction of lower-level visual pathways, which was more prominent for magnocellular than parvocellular biased stimuli. The magnocellular pathway helps in orienting toward salient stimuli. A magnocellular pathway deficit could contribute to higher-level visual cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Modelling of low current surface discharges using PSCAD

In this work, low current discharges (less than 10 mA) are classified into two forms: unstable discharges and stable arcs. Such discharges may present on outdoor insulation surfaces due to the complex conditions created by the electrical fields, moisture and insulation geometry. The discharges can lead to heating and chemical effects; potentially degrading the insulation surface and accelerating further damage. Modeling of such discharges has been conducted, and a simulation including the test circuit arrangement for the various conditions has been created in the ‘PSCAD’ software. The outcome of current and voltage curves from the simulation show good correlation with experimental data for the range of unstable discharges and stable arcs studied. The simulation work agrees with experiment work in that a low current discharge will become more detrimental if it is transformed from an unstable state to a stable arc, or if the stable arcs are physically compressed in length by any mechanism.
The mismatch repair system contributes to meiotic sterility in an interspecific yeast hybrid.

The mismatch repair system is the major barrier to genetic recombination during interspecific sexual conjugation in prokaryotes. The existence of this anti‐recombination activity has implications for theories of evolution and the isolation of species. To determine if this phenomenon occurs in eukaryotes, the effect of a deficiency of mismatch repair on the meiotic sterility of an interspecific hybrid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the closely related species Saccharomyces paradoxus was examined. The results demonstrate that the rare viable spores from these hybrids have high frequencies of aneuploidy and low frequencies of genetic exchange. Hybrids lacking mismatch repair genes PMS1 or MSH2 display increased meiotic recombination, decreased chromosome non‐disjunction and improved spore viability. These observations are consistent with the proposal that the mismatch repair system is an element of the genetic barrier between eukaryotic species. We suggest that an anti‐recombination activity during meiosis contributes towards the establishment of post‐zygotic species barriers.
Wealth and Health in South Africa

In this paper, we investigate the impact of wealth on health in South Africa using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS). We estimate a two-stage probit model with inheritance as an instrumental variable for wealth. We find no significant effect of wealth on health at the individual level, consistent with most of the results found for developed countries. Alternative specifications to the health outcomes (self-reported health versus reported diseases) as well as the introduction of gifts as an additional instrumental variable delivers similar results. In addition, we decompose wealth into liquid and illiquid wealth. Despite the health effect being higher for liquid than for non-liquid wealth, none of these measures involve substantial or significant effects on health.
Treatment of type 1 diabetes with insulin lispro during Ramadan.

OBJECTIVE To compare insulin lispro with regular human insulin with respect to blood glucose control and frequency of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes who wished to fast during the month of Ramadan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin lispro or regular human insulin was given together with NPH insulin, twice daily before the morning and evening meals, for two weeks each in an open-label, randomised, cross-over design, and 64 patients completed the protocol. Blood glucose was self-monitored at fasting morning and evening, and 1-h and 2-h after the post-sunset meal on three consecutive days at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS The 2-h blood glucose excursion after the post-sunset meal was significantly (p=0.026) lower with insulin lispro (2.50 +/- 0.46 mmol/l) than with regular human insulin (3.47 +/- 0.49 mmol/l). Daily insulin doses did not differ between treatments but compliance with recommended time of injection was better with insulin lispro. Hypoglycaemia incidence (insulin lispro, 15 (23.4%) patients; regular human insulin 31 (48.4%) patients; p=0.004) and frequency (insulin lispro, 0.70 +/- 0.19; regular human insulin 2.25 +/- 0.36 episodes/patient/30 days; p<0.001) were lower with insulin lispro. Five (22.7%) of the episodes during insulin lispro occurred during the nocturnal period compared with 27 (36.5%) of the episodes while on regular human insulin. CONCLUSIONS Glycaemic control, measured by postprandial glycemic excursions, was improved and hypoglycaemia was significantly reduced with insulin lispro compared with regular human insulin. Patients with type 1 diabetes who insist on fasting during Ramadan may be better managed with insulin lispro.
Work conditions and financial difficulties in post-crisis Europe: Utility versus quality of working life

This article critically examines the relation between work and utility and challenges the mainstream economic view of well-being as a hedonic state for which work is a less pleasurable trade-off. It proposes a conception of work as a potential source of eudaimonic well-being, providing meaning and contributing to human flourishing and self-realisation. Based on micro-level data, the article shows the relevance of distinguishing between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being by way of comparing the effects of increased financial difficulties and deteriorated work conditions on these two types of well-being in five European Union countries – Germany, Poland, Portugal, Sweden and the UK – in the post global financial crisis years between 2009 and 2014. The article concludes by underlining the political importance of addressing aspects pertaining to the quality of working life and of creating jobs that serve to improve the eudaimonic well-being of citizens. JEL Codes: I31, J28, J81
Cooperative Study of Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Long-term Prognostic Study: II. Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Managed Conservatively

• The late natural history of ruptured intracranial aneurysms was studied in 568 cases reported to the Cooperative Study of Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from 1958 to 1965. The patients had been selected for conservative management of their aneurysms at the time of diagnosis. A follow-up search in 1981 and 1982 revealed 378 known deaths; 40% had occurred within six months of hemorrhage. During the next two decades, the patients' survival probabilities were significantly worse than those of a matched US population. Multiple aneurysms did not differ prognostically from single aneurysms, but posterior circle aneurysms carried a better prognosis after ten-year survival. The rate of probable recurrent bleeding after six months was 2.2% per year for the first 91/2 years and 0.86% per year for the second decade. Reported rebleeding episodes were fatal in 78%.
Adherence of Human Vaginal Lactobacilli to Vaginal Epithelial Cells and Interaction with Uropathogens

ABSTRACT Three strains of Lactobacillus, identified asLactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii, were selected from among 70 isolates from the vaginas of healthy premenopausal women for properties relevant to mucosal colonization or antagonism. All three self-aggregated and adhered to epithelial vaginal cells, displacing well-known vaginal pathogens, such as G. vaginalis, and inhibiting the growth in vitro ofEscherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae. The surface components involved in self-aggregation appeared to be proteins for L. gasseri and lipoproteins for L. acidophilus and L. jensenii, as judged by susceptibility to treatment with appropriate degrading enzymes. The factors responsible for adherence to epithelial vaginal cells seemed to be glycoproteins (L. acidophilus and L. gasseri) and carbohydrate (L. jensenii). The receptors of the vaginal cells were glycolipids, which presumably were the targets of the competition observed between the lactobacilli and the pathogenic microbes.
Coupling between microtubule sliding, plus‐end growth and spindle length revealed by kinesin‐8 depletion

Mitotic spindle length control requires coordination between microtubule (MT) dynamics and motor‐generated forces. To investigate how MT plus‐end polymerization contributes to spindle length in Drosophila embryos, we studied the dynamics of the MT plus‐end depolymerase, kinesin‐8, and the effects of kinesin‐8 inhibition using mutants and antibody microinjection. As expected, kinesin‐8 was found to contribute to anaphase A. Furthermore, kinesin‐8 depletion caused: (i) excessive polymerization of interpolar (ip) MT plus ends, which “overgrow” to penetrate distal half spindles; (ii) an increase in the poleward ipMT sliding rate that is coupled to MT plus‐end polymerization; (iii) premature spindle elongation during metaphase/anaphase A; and (iv) an increase in the anaphase B spindle elongation rate which correlates linearly with the MT sliding rate. This is best explained by a revised “ipMT sliding/minus‐end depolymerization” model for spindle length control which incorporates a coupling between ipMT plus end dynamics and the outward ipMT sliding that drives poleward flux and spindle elongation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
OFDM-WiMAX Modulation of a Reflective Amplified Modulator in Radio-Over-Fiber Context

This letter presents experimental characterization of an integrated reflective electroabsorption modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier (REAM-SOA) device in the radio-over-fiber (RoF) context. Orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) modulation condition optimizations have been carried out by varying the temperature, the voltage biasing of the modulator, and the current applied to the semiconductor amplifier.
Regional Expression of Prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha Receptors in Human Myometrium, Amnion, and Choriodecidua with Advancing Gestation and Labor1

Abstract The change from uterine quiescence to enhanced contractile activity may be due to the differential expression of prostaglandin receptors within the myometrium and fetal membranes, in a temporal and topographically distinct manner. To address this question, we determined the localization and expression of the PGE2 receptor subtypes (PTGER1–4) and the PGF2alpha receptor (PTGFR) in paired upper and lower segment myometrium, amnion, and choriodecidual samples throughout human pregnancy, with and without labor. All receptor subtypes were found throughout the muscle layers in both the upper and lower uterine segments, colocalizing with alpha smooth muscle actin. A change in intracellular localization was observed at term labor, where PTGER1 and PTGER4 were predominately associated with the nucleus. Minimal changes in the expression of the PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor subtypes were observed with gestational age, labor, or between the upper and lower myometrial segments. Receptor expression in maternal and fetal tissues differed between the receptor subtypes; PTGER1 and PTGER4 were predominately expressed in the fetal membranes, PTGER2 was greatest in the myometrium, whereas PTGER3 and PTGFR were similarly expressed in the myometrium and fetal membranes. Myometrial activation through the prostaglandin receptors is perhaps more subtle and may be mediated by a balance between one or several of the prostaglandin receptor subtypes together with other known contraction associated proteins. Lack of coordination in receptor expression between the myometrium and fetal membranes may indicate different regulatory mechanisms between these tissues, or it may suggest a function for these receptors in the amnion and choriodecidua that is independent of that seen in the myometrium.
Conventional Manual Discectomy Versus Powered Discectomy for Interbody Fusion in the Lumbar Spine: Cadaveric Testing in Forty Levels

Study Design: A discectomy study on human cadaveric lumbar spine. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of manual versus powered discectomies using a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion approach. Summary of Background Data: To achieve fusion, removal of nucleus tissue and endplate cartilage is essential for preparation of the interbody space. Quantitatively, it has been established that maximal structural graft or implant coverage of the endplates are of critical importance for fusion and subsidence prevention. Methods: Twenty levels underwent conventional manual discectomy (group 1) and 20 underwent powered discectomy (group 2) by 3 attending spine surgeons and 2 spine fellows. Each discectomy procedure was analyzed for time and number of instrument passes. Postoperatively, each level was measured grossly and digitally for percentage of appropriate discectomy and endplate preparation. For analysis, the superior and inferior endplate surfaces were divided into ipsilateral and contralateral halves, and ventral and dorsal halves. Each quadrant was then analyzed separately. Results: A total of 40 discectomies on 9 fresh-frozen cadaver torsos between T12-L1 and L5-S1 were performed in this study. Within each quadrant, the discectomized area was greater in group 2 than in group 1. The largest difference was observed on the contralateral ventral quadrant, group 1 (38.2%) and group 2 (52.4%), respectively (P=0.012). Average procedure time was also significantly less in group 2 versus group 1 (P=0.009). Group 2 had an overall increased discectomy and appropriately prepared endplates (46.8%) compared with group 1 (36.3%) (P=0.025). Significantly fewer instrument passes were seen in group 2 versus group 1 (P<0.001). Two iatrogenic endplate fractures were observed in group 1 and 1 in group 2. Conclusions: In addition to a significantly superior discectomy efficacy, the group 2 had significantly fewer instrument passes and shorter procedure times. In vivo studies are required to further evaluate the differences and cost benefit of this innovative tool.
Complementary DNA Cloning and Sequencing of the Chicken Muscle Ecto-ATPase

The ecto-ATPase from chicken gizzard (smooth muscle) was solubilized, and the 66-kDa cell membrane ecto-ATPase protein was purified. The protein was then subjected to both enzymatic and chemical cleavage, and the resultant peptides were purified by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography and sequenced. Several of these internal peptide sequences were used to design oligonucleotides to screen a chicken muscle library to identify the cDNA encoding the ecto-ATPase. Two overlapping partial clones were sequenced, yielding the complete coding region and a long 3′-untranslated sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence is in agreement with the N-terminal and peptide sequences obtained from the purified protein. The chicken muscle ecto-ATPase is a slightly basic (predicted pI = 7.93) 494-amino acid protein (54.4 kDa), containing a single transmembrane domain at each end of the protein. The majority of the protein is predicted to be extracellular, making it a Type Ia plasma membrane protein. There are four putative N-glycosylation sites, a single potential cAMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, as well as a single putative tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site. Analysis of the sequence using the BLAST programs demonstrated homology with other ecto-ATPases and ecto-apyrases, including those from the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, potato tubers, and garden pea, as well as a guanosine diphosphohydrolase from yeast. However, the most striking homology observed was to the human and mouse lymphoid cell activation antigen 39 (CD39), a molecule now known to have apyrase activity. The chicken ecto-ATPase showed considerable amino acid sequence homology with CD39 over the entire length of the sequence, excluding about 30-40 amino acids at the extreme ends of the protein (which include the two membrane-spanning helices). The sequence homology between the gizzard ecto-ATPase and CD39 was confirmed by Western blots demonstrating immunocross-reactivity between mono- and polyclonal antibodies raised against the chicken ecto-ATPase and two commercially available monoclonal antibodies against the human CD39 protein. The results suggest that the muscle ecto-ATPase may be involved in cell adhesion, since the highly homologous CD39 protein is involved in homotypic adhesion of activated B lymphocytes.