Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks for Generalized Text Understanding

In this paper, we present a Multi-Task Deep Neural Network trained across different natural language understanding tasks for learning a common representation. The MtDNN explored in this paper modifies the model proposed in Liu et al.[18] applied on a different set of natural language tasks. We utilize a baseline pre-trained bidirectional transformer language model (BERT)[4], and demonstrate improvements in the SQuAD 2.0 question answering challenge through incorporating a more generalized model that is able to train across different text understanding tasks, achieving a final validation EM score of 77.853 and F1 score of 81.053.
Size and shape variation of mandible and mandibular teeth in the Ryukyu wild boar ( Sus scrofa riukiuanus )

The morphological variations between different populations of modern Ryukyu wild boar found on Amami, Kakeroma, Tokunoshima, Okinawa, Ishigaki, and Iriomote islands are investigated in this study. The size of mandibles and length of M3 in males and females of age groups IV-V were compared. Then the bucco-lingual measurements of P3, P4, M1 and M2 were compared to the corresponding dimensions of a standard population using logarithmic ratio technique (LSI). Seven non-metrical characters of the mandible were compared between the populations. As a result, a different pattern was observed between mandibles and teeth. This was apparent especially in Ishigaki, where the size of mandibles of Sus was large compared to Amami, Okinawa, and Iriomote populations, but the size of teeth was small. The pattern of non-metrical characters was similar between Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Kyushu populations, with relatively high proportion of P1 and lost heptapreconulid ; Amami, Okinawa and Honshu populations comprised another group, with lost P1 and lost heptapreconulid. Based on the result of non-metrical analyses and size of teeth in the present study, the morphological characteristics of Sus from Tokunoshima and Okinawa were similar to Kakeroma and Amami and not to Ishigaki and Iriomote. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics of Sus from Tokunoshima and Kakeroma were more similar to Okinawa than to Amami in the base shape of the mandible and the relatively high proportion of the presence of a notch. The situation of Sus in Amami, with their size and shape differing the most from other modern Ryukyu wild boars, would appear to be the result of the island rule or the decline in body size exhibited by insular populations of artiodactyls compared with their mainland relatives. The Sus in Amami may have been separated for a longer period of time than other Ryukyu wild boars in the Nansei islands. The situation of Sus in Kakeroma and Tokunoshima was questionable since they had sizes and shapes more similar to Okinawa than to Amami despite their geographical locations. The study suggests a possibility of human interference in some of the islands where the wild boars live today. The present study has shown that by using the log ratio technique and non-metrical characteristics, it is possible to gain insight on the size and morphological variations of Ryukyu wild boars even for islands with only a small sample size.
Competition and Low-Balling : Evidence from Texas Municipalities

The existence of low-balling – an audit practice of setting audit fee below the total audit costs on the initial engagement – and its effect on auditor independence have received a considerable attention in the accounting profession. In this study, we examine the competitive nature of governmental audit market and the effect of governmental enforcement on low-balling in the setting of Texas municipalities. Using the survey data from municipalities in the state of Texas where low-balling is banned, we find that low-balling effect exists only in small cities, where the audit market is more contestable due to competition. This finding is consistent with Chan’s (1999) predication that the practice of “low-balling” occurs only in a certain market segment where audit firms compete fiercely.
Failure of the L 1 pointwise ergodic theorem for PSL 2 ( R )

Amos Nevo established the pointwise ergodic theorem in L p for measure-preserving actions of PSL 2 ( R ) on probability spaces with respect to ball averages and every p > 1. This paper shows by explicit example that Nevo’s Theorem cannot be extended to p = 1.
Technical Review on Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering

Electromagnetic inverse scattering is a method to identify the geometry, location and material properties of unknown target/targets using the collected scattered field data which may be due to known or unknown sources. This area of research also extended to work with the dynamic object where the objective is to retrieve velocity profile along with its general properties. Here we represent all the major development done in electromagnetic inverse scattering both in static and dynamic platform since last four decades both in time and frequency domain with its working principle, advantages, and its limitations. We also provided a comprehensive discussion of the basic theory of inverse scattering analysis both in the static and dynamic domain. KeywordsInverse Scattering; Microwave Imaging; Electromagnetic Forward Scattering; Terahertz Imaging; Moving Target Imaging; Radar Imaging; Non-Relativistic Imaging.
C A ] 2 3 D ec 2 01 6 Higher order generalized geometric polynomials

According to generalized Mellin derivative [25, Eq. (2.5)], we introduce a new family of polynomials called higher order generalized geometric polynomials. We obtain some properties of them.We discuss their connections to degenerate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials. Furthermore, we find new formulas for the Carlitz’s [9, Eq. (5.4)] and Howard’s [23, Eq. (4.3)] finite sums. Finally, we evaluate several series in closed forms, one of which has the coefficients include values of the Riemann zeta function. Moreover, we calculate some integrals in terms of generalized geometric polynomials. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11B68, 11B83,11M35, 33B99.
Conscious versus Non-conscious Representations : Type 1 versus Type 0 What does consciousness facilitate ?

A step towards a theory of consciousness would be to characterize the effect of consciousness on information processing. One set of results suggests that the effect of consciousness is to interfere with computations that are optimally performed non-consciously. Another set of results suggests that conscious, system 2 processing is the home of norm-compliant computation. This is contrasted with system 1 processing, thought to be typically unconscious, which operates with useful but error-prone heuristics. These results can be reconciled by separating out two different distinctions: between conscious and non-conscious representations, on the one hand, and between automatic and deliberate processes, on the other. This pair of distinctions is used to illuminate some existing experimental results and to resolve the puzzle about whether consciousness helps or hinders accurate information processing. This way of resolving the puzzle shows the importance of another category, which we label ‘type 0 cognition’, characterized by automatic computational processes operating on non-conscious representations.
Numbers Normalisation in the Inflected Languages: a Case Study of Polish

Text normalisation in Text-to-Speech systems is a process of converting written expressions to their spoken forms. This task is complicated because in many cases the normalised form depends on the context. Furthermore, when we analysed languages like Croatian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian or Slovak there is additional difficulty related to their inflected nature. In this paper we want to show how to deal with this problem for one of these languages: Polish, without having a large dedicated data set and using solutions prepared for other NLP tasks. We limited our study to only numbers expressions, which are the most common non-standard words to normalise. The proposed solution is a combination of morphological tagger and transducer supported by a dictionary of numbers in their spoken forms. The data set used for evaluation is based on the part of 1-million word subset of the National Corpus of Polish. The accuracy of the described approach is presented with a comparison to a simple baseline and two commercial systems: Google Cloud Text-to-Speech and Amazon Polly.
The Effect of Race Similarity on Job Applicant Attraction and Pursuit Intentions

It is important to attract minority applicants and attain the benefits of a diverse workforce. This study aims to contribute to existing literature by investigating the effect of actual race similarity on applicant attraction and pursuit intentions and the mediating role of perceived similarity in these relationships. Two hundred and twenty four Malaysian Chinese university students participated in this study. The findings suggested that Chinese applicants were more likely to be attracted to and pursue organisations featuring a homogenous Chinese or a racially diverse group of employees, than organisations featuring a homogenous Malay group in a job advertisement. Furthermore, perceived race similarity mediated these relationships. Hence, the inclusion of minority representatives in job advertisements is beneficial in attracting minority applicants.
Seasonal dynamics of microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of Ulmus pumila L. var. sabulosa in a steppe desert area of Northern China

The seasonal dynamics of microbial diversity within the rhizosphere of Ulmus pumila L. var. sabulosa in the hinterland of the Otindag Sandy Land of China were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS region sequences. A significant level of bacterial and fungal diversity was observed overall, with detection of 7,676 bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to 40 bacteria phyla and 3,582 fungal OTUs belonging to six phyla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial phyla among communities, while Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota were the dominant phyla of fungal communities. Seasonal changes influenced the α-diversity and β-diversity of bacterial communities within elm rhizospheres more than for fungal communities. Inferred functional analysis of the bacterial communities identified evidence for 41 level two KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) orthology groups, while guild-based analysis of the fungal communities identified eight ecological guilds. Metabolism was the most prevalent bacterial functional group, while saprotrophs prevailed among the identified fungal ecological guilds. Soil moisture and soil nutrient content were important factors that affected the microbial community structures of elm rhizospheres across seasons. The present pilot study provides an important baseline investigation of elm rhizosphere microbial communities.
Appraisal of biological activities of crude extracts with sub-fractions and phytochemical content of endemic Nepeta nuda L . subsp . lydiae from Turkey İ brahim

Antioxidant activity of crude water extract (CWE) of this plant and its five sub-fractions (namely, hexane fraction (HF), chloroform fraction (CFF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butyl alcohol fraction (BAF) and rest of the fractions (RF) were measured using in vitro two antioxidant assays: DPPH and ferrous ion chelating. Also, quantitative content of total flavonoids and phenols were carried out by colorimetric methods, using aluminum chloride method and Folin Ciocalteu reagent respectively. CWE and five sub-fractions possessed different antioxidant activities in antioxidant assays. EAF showed the most potent activity on DPPH radicals and ferrous ion chelating activities with IC50 values of 10.45 and 16.76 μg /ml respectively. EAF had the highest total phenolics (145.06 μg GAE/mg dried extract or fraction) and total flavonoids (50.16 μg QEE/mg dried extract or fraction) contents. The essential oil of the aerial parts of this plant was analyzed by headspace gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (HS-GC/MS) for the first time and fifty nine components were identified representing 95.91% essential oil. 1,8-cineole (28.79%), nepetalactone (9.93%), sabinene (7.88%) and α-pinene (5.71%) were identified as the major components. The essential oil analyzes results have given some clues on the commercial usable, renewable resources and potentials usable of the Nepeta taxa.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF Sonchus oleraceus ON CANCER CELL GROWTH ( In vivo ) * *

The in vivo study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of these three types of the extracts on the AM-3 (Murine mammary adenocarcinoma). The LD50 was (5 g/kg, 6 g/kg and 8 g/kg) for ethanolic, hot aqueous and cold aqueous extracts respectively. The therapeutic doses of extracts were daily injected subcutaneously for two weeks, three weeks and four weeks. The histopathological study revealed pathological changes in some organs; the group that treated with ethanolic extract showed sever deposition of amyloid in some organs like spleen. The blood vessel filled with inflammatory cells as neutrophiles and cells infiltration in the lung tissue. Hot and cold aqueous extracts showed inflammatory mononuclear cells infiltration in the kidney and lung, section with necrosis in most of the cancer cells in the lung tissue; with few necrotic changes in the normal tissue were noticed after one month of treatment by hot and cold aqueous extracts.
Title Admittance Control Scheme Comparison of EXO-UL 8 : A Dual-Arm Exoskeleton Robotic System Permalink

In physical rehabilitation, exoskeleton assistive devices aim to restore lost motor functions of a patient suffering from neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders. These assistive devices are classified as operating in one of two modes: (1) passive mode, in which the exoskeleton passively moves its joints through the full range (or a subset) of the patient’s motion during engagement, or (2) assist-as-needed (AAN) mode, in which the exoskeleton provides assistance to the joints of the patient, either by initiating the movements or assisting the patient’s movements to complete the task at hand. Achieving high physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) transparency is an open problem for multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) redundant exoskeletons. Using the EXO-UL8 exoskeleton, this study compares two multi-joint admittance control schemes (hyper parameterbased, and Kalman Filter-based) with comfort optimization to improve human-exoskeleton transparency. The control schemes were tested by three healthy subjects who completed reaching tasks while assisted by the exoskeleton. Kinematic information in both joint and task space, as well as forceand torque-based power exchange between the human arm and exoskeleton, are collected and analyzed. The results show that the preliminary Kalman Filter-based control scheme matches the performance of the existing hyper parameter-based scheme, highlighting the potential of the Kalman Filter-based approach for additional performance.
Review Paper on Various Methodology of Text Extraction from Image

This review presents the various text extraction techniques and also compares the research results of various researchers in the domain of text extraction. A generic character recognition system has different stages like noise removal, skew detection and correction, segmentation, feature extraction and character recognition. Input is digitized image containing any text, which is preprocessed to segment it into normalized individual word and letters. The OCR, Neural Network, SVM are the various methods for text extraction. Text extraction helps to preserve history by making information efficiently searchable, easily manageable without the need for human labor.
Towards a miniKanren with fair search strategies

We describe fairness levels in disjunction and conjunction implementations. Specifically, a disjunction implementation can be fair, almost-fair, or unfair. And a conjunction implementation can be fair or unfair. We compare the fairness level of four search strategies: the standard miniKanren interleaving depth-first search, the balanced interleaving depth-first search, the fair depth-first search, and the standard breadth-first search. The two non-standard depth-first searches are new. And we present a new, more efficient and shorter implementation of the standard breadth-first search. Using quantitative evaluation, we argue that each depth-first search is a competitive alternative to the standard one, and that our improved breadth-first search implementation is more efficient than the current one.
Meaning Representation of Null Instantiated Semantic Roles in FrameNet

Humans have the unique ability to infer information about participants in a scene, even if they are not mentioned in a text about that scene. Computer systems cannot do so without explicit information about those participants. This paper addresses the linguistic phenomenon of null-instantiated frame elements, i.e., implicit semantic roles, and their representation in FrameNet (FN). It motivates FN’s annotation practice, and illustrates three types of null-instantiated arguments that FrameNet tracks, noting that other lexical resources do not record such semantic-pragmatic information, despite its need in natural language understanding (NLU), and the elaborate efforts to create new datasets. It challenges the community to appeal to FN data to develop more sophisticated techniques for recognizing implicit semantic roles, and creating needed datasets. Although the annotation of null-instantiated roles was lexicographically motivated, FN provides useful information for text processing, and therefore must be considered in the design of any meaning representation for natural language understanding.
Installation and Benefits of FACTS Controllers and Voltage Stability in Electrical Power Systems

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices have been used in power systems since the 1970s for the improvement of its dynamic performance. In this paper various facts related to the benefits and applications of FACTS controllers in electric utilities are presented. Increased electric power consumption causes transmission lines to be driven close to or even beyond their transfer capacities resulting in overloaded lines and congestions. FACTS technology encompasses a collection of controllers, which can be applied individually or in coordination with others to control one or more of the interrelated system parameters. This paper describes FACT controller used in electrical power system. An Unified power flow controller is FACTS controller used to control of active and reactive power and the interline power flow controller is use for series compensation with the unique capability of power management among multiline of a substation. FACTS controllers can control series impendence, shunt impedance, current, voltage and phase angle. The overall process for system studies and analysis associated with FACTS installation projects and the need for FACTS controller models is also discussed.IPFC is used to improve the power flow and to provide a power balance of a transmission system. In this paper FACTS installations have been highlighted and performance comparison of different FACTS controllers has been discussed.Various FACTS controllers and several devices in FACTS family are also discussed. By installing FACTS equipments at optimal sites the overall system benefits is sought.
Review on : Role of Legume Forage Meal Supplementation on Feed Intake , Weight Gain , Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Ruminant Livestock

This paper recapitulates the role of legume forage meal supplementation on feed intake, weight gain, and digestibility and carcass characteristics of ruminant livestock. The different research works that had been carried out on ruminant livestock that fed on a basal diet of roughage based diets and supplemented with leaf meal(hay) of forage legumes demonstrated that supplementation of legume forages stimulated microorganism function in the rumen, reduced retention time and thus increased the intake of the feeds. Furthermore, different research output demonstrated the advantages of forage legume supplementation in process of digestibility which had depicted that supplementation of legume forages such as Lablab purpureus, Cowpea, pigeon pea, alfalfa and Sesbania sesba, Tagasaste, L. pallida, Desmodium leaf meal (hay) had played significant role in improvements in digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF
Simplified Multi-Zone Thermal Modelling of a House for Demand Reduction & Control Applications

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Isolation of sox 9 duplicates in catfish : localization , differential expression pattern during gonadal development and recrudescence , and hCG-induced up-regulation of sox 9 in testicular slices

In vertebrates, sox9 is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in testicular development and chondrogenesis. Here, we report cloning of isoforms of sox9 (sox9a and sox9b) from air-breathing catfish Clarias gariepinus, which undergoes an annual reproductive cycle. Tissue distribution pattern showed differential expression of sox9 duplicates, wherein both forms were highly expressed in brain and gonads. Furthermore, we observed a dimorphic expression pattern of sox9a and sox9b in both adult and developing gonads using RT-PCR, indicating that sox9a retained its function in testis while sox9b might have a new role to play in ovary. Changes in sox9 mRNA levels using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) during the seasonal reproductive cycle revealed that sox9a transcript in testis was abundant during testicular recrudescence (during spermatogenesis), and its expression significantly decreased during spawning and postspawning phases. Furthermore, treatments of human chorionic gonadotropin and 11-ketotestosterone in vitro up-regulated sox9amRNA levels in the testicular slices at 12 and 24 h time points, suggesting that gonadotropins might stimulate sox9 expression. These results suggest that sox9might have a plausible role in the entrainment of the testicular cycle. In contrast, during the ovarian cycle, sox9bmRNA levels gradually declined from preparatory to post-spawning phases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) data showed that, in testis, sox9 is detectable in Sertoli and spermatogonial cell types except spermatid/spermatozoa. In the ovary, it is localized in the ooplasm of primary and pre-vitellogenic oocytes. These results were further confirmed by whole-mount IHC and qRT-PCR. Reproduction (2010) 140 477–487