Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS IN ASCITES TUMOR CELLS BY TWO-EMULSION AUTORADIOGRAPHY

Dividing cells go through a mitotic cycle that can be divided into four phases (Lajtha, 1957): (1) a postmitotic gap or rest period, called G1, which varies from one type of cell to another and may last from a few hours to several months; (2) a period of more uniform duration, during which new deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is synthesized, called the S phase; (3) a postsynthetic gap or rest period, called G2, lasting only a few hours; and (4) a new mitosis, probably lasting from 20 to 40 minutes (Schultze and Oehlert, 1960). In a given cell population, the number of cells in D N A synthesis at any given time and the median duration of the S phase can be established by autoradiography with tritium-labeled thymidine (Hughes et al., 1958; Quastler and Sherman, 1959). Other metabolic activities in the course of the mitotic cycle, such as synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or proteins, can be timed in bacteria (Burns, 1959), protozoa, and tissue cultures, which can be made to divide synchronously (Mazia and Prescott, 1954; Rueckert and Mueller, 1960). Synchronous division of mammal ian cells in vivo has not been obtained yet; but the t iming of various metabolic processes during the course of the mitotic cycle can be studied by an autoradiographic technique which allows the simultaneous observation of two distinct metabolic processes in the same cell (Baserga, 1961). Briefly, the technique consists in injecting an animal with two different radioactive precursors, labeled respectively with H 3 and C 14. Samples of tissue are then autoradiographed with two layers of sensitized emulsion separated by a thin layer of inert coating. The emulsion layer closer to the specimen will register beta particles both from H "~ and from C a4 but the second layer, about 5 micra away from the labeled locus, will register only the more energetic C 14 particles. The present communicat ion reports our studies on the timing of R N A synthesis during the mitotic cycle of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell.
Bleaching of an intertidal coralline alga: untangling the effects of light, temperature, and desiccation

Intertidal macroalgae must tolerate temperature, light, and desiccation stresses when the tide recedes, and differences in physiological tolerance to these environmental stresses con- tribute directly to zonation patterns and community structure along the shore. When low tides occur on particularly hot sunny days, seaweeds may sustain physiological damage, lose pigment, and 'bleach. ' Because bleaching events often occur when temperature, light, and desiccation stresses coincide, their precise cause is not understood. We conducted fully factorial laboratory manipulations to explore the individual and interactive effects of temperature, light, and desiccation on acute pig- ment loss in the intertidal coralline Calliarthron tuberculosum (Postels & Ruprecht) E. Y. Dawson. Findings suggest that desiccation is the most significant contributor to bleaching; desiccating fronds even bleached in the dark at 15°C. Susceptibility to desiccation may explain why mid-intertidal C. tuberculosum fronds are rarely found outside tidepools. Light and temperature had only marginal effects on pigment loss, although stresses interacted with increasing significance through time. When combined, temperature, light, and desiccation stresses were capable of inducing, on average, 50% pigment loss in C. tuberculosum within 24 min of emersion. These physiological data could be used in conjunction with environmental datasets to generate 'ecomechanical' models to predict future bleaching events and their ecological consequences under hypothetical climate change scenarios.
Effects of steady-state and variable ozone concentration profiles on pulmonary function.

Measurements of ambient ozone (O2) concentration during daylight hours have shown a spectrum of concentration profiles, from a relatively stable to a variable pattern usually reaching a peak level in the early afternoon. Several recent studies have suggested that in estimating exposure dose (O3 concentration [C] x exposure time [T] x ventilation [V]), O3 concentration needs to be weighted more heavily than either ventilation or duration of exposure in the estimates. In this study we tested the hypothesis that regardless of concentration pattern and exposure rate the same exposure dose of O3 will induce the same spirometric response. We exposed 23 healthy male volunteers (20 to 35 yr of age) for 8 h to air, 0.12 ppm O3 (steady-state), and a triangular exposure pattern (concentration increased steadily from zero to 0.24 ppm over the first 4 h and decreased back to zero by 8 h). During the first 30 min of each hour, subjects exercised for 30 min at minute ventilation (VE) approximately 40 L/min. The order of the exposures was randomized, and the exposures were separated by at least 7 days. The response patterns over the 8-h periods for spirometric variables in both O3 exposures were statistically different from air exposure changes and from each other. For FEV1 the p values were 0.017 between air and steady-state profile, 0.002 between air and triangular profile, and 0.037 between steady-state and triangular profiles. Although in the triangular pattern of exposure the maximal O3 concentration was reached at 4 h, the maximum FEV1 decrement (10.2%) was observed at 6 h of exposure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulation of the MDM2-p53 Pathway by Ribosomal Protein L11 Involves a Post-ubiquitination Mechanism*

Inhibition of the MDM2-p53 feedback loop is critical for p53 activation in response to cellular stresses. The ribosomal proteins L5, L11, and L23 can block this loop by inhibiting MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation in response to ribosomal stress. Here, we show that L11, but not L5 and L23, leads to a drastic accumulation of ubiquitinated and native MDM2. This effect is dependent on the ubiquitin ligase activity of MDM2, but not p53, and requires the central MDM2 binding domain (residues 51–108) of L11. We further show that L11 inhibited 26 S proteasome-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated MDM2 in vitro and consistently prolonged the half-life of MDM2 in cells. These results suggest that L11, unlike L5 and L23, differentially regulates the levels of ubiquitinated p53 and MDM2 and inhibits the turnover and activity of MDM2 through a post-ubiquitination mechanism.
Outcomes of a Community‐Based Three‐Year Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program for Medically Underserved, Low Income Women

Purpose To evaluate a community level three‐year breast and cervical cancer screening program for medically underserved, low income women. Data Sources Descriptive data on 128 women gathered from five semiannual screening programs held between 1995 and 1997 were analyzed. Conclusions Poor and medically under served women often face barriers that may discourage or prevent screening activity and measures for early detection of breast and cervical cancer. Besides success in recruiting women to the program, community collaborative partnerships were established that continue to sustain this program. Implications for Practice The results from this project provide an example of how advance practice nurses (APNs) can demonstrate meaningful and competitive health care services for underserved women and how APNs can actively evaluate programs they offer that affect the health practices of communities in need.
Ammonia Assimilation in Rumen Bacteria: A Review

In the rumen bacteria, ammonia as the end product of nitrogen is incorporated into carbon skeleton (α-ketoglutarate) to yield glutamine and glutamate which are important nitrogen donors in nitrogenous compounds metabolism in cells. The enzymes glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase are involved in these processes. Some experimental results have proven that the global nitrogen regulation system may participate in the regulation of assimilation of ammonia in rumen bacteria. This review offers a current perspective on the pathways and key enzymes of ammonia assimilation in rumen bacteria with the possible molecular regulation strategy, while points out the further research direction.
A Fully Integrated RF CMOS Front-End IC for Connectivity Applications

A fully integrated RF CMOS front-end (FE) IC (FEIC), which is fabricated with a 0.13-μm bulk RF CMOS process for wireless local area network/Bluetooth (WLAN/BT) applications, is presented. The proposed FEIC includes a dual-mode power amplifier (PA), integrated switches, and a shared low-noise amplifier (LNA) without external matching networks. The proposed compact reconfigurable matching network satisfies the optimum matchings for a multimode PA and a shared LNA. Measurements showed a 16.2-dBm POUT, with a 6.7% power-added efficiency (PAE), at -34-dB error vector magnitude, with an 802.11ac signal source, with a high-power-mode WLAN PA. With a low-power-mode BT PA, it showed a 13.7-dBm POUT, with a 10.9% PAE, with a 2.1+EDR signal. The shared LNA has a 14.8-dB gain and a 3.6-dB noise figure. All the measurements were carried out, including integrated mode-change switches for time-division duplex operation without any digital predistortion.
Is Moderate Intensity Cycling Sufficient to Induce Cardiorespiratory and Biomechanical Modifications of Subsequent Running?

Abstract Walsh, JA, Dawber, JP, Lepers, R, Brown, M, and Stapley, PJ. Is moderate intensity cycling sufficient to induce cardiorespiratory and biomechanical modifications of subsequent running? J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1078–1086, 2017—This study sought to determine whether prior moderate intensity cycling is sufficient to influence the cardiorespiratory and biomechanical responses during subsequent running. Cardiorespiratory and biomechanical variables measured after moderate intensity cycling were compared with control running at the same intensity. Eight highly trained, competitive triathletes completed 2 separate exercise tests; (a) a 10-minute control run (no prior cycling) and, (b) a 30-minute transition run (TR) (preceded by 20-minute of variable cadence cycling, i.e., run versus cycle-run). Respiratory, breathing frequency (f b), heart rate (HR), cost of running (Cr), rate constant, stride length, and stride frequency variables were recorded, normalized, and quantified at the mean response time (MRT), third minute, 10th minute (steady state), and overall for the control run (CR) and TR. Cost of running increased (p ⩽ 0.05) at all respective times during the TR. The V[Combining Dot Above]E/V[Combining Dot Above]CO2 and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated at the MRT and 10th minute of the TR. Furthermore, overall mean increases were recorded for Cr, V[Combining Dot Above]E, V[Combining Dot Above]E/V[Combining Dot Above]CO2, RER, f b (p < 0.01), and HR (p ⩽ 0.05) during the TR. Rate constant values for oxygen uptake were significantly different between CR and TR (0.48 ± 0.04 vs. 0.89 ± 0.15; p < 0.01). Stride length decreased across all recorded points during the TR (p ⩽ 0.05) and stride frequency increased at the MRT and 3 minutes (p < 0.01). The findings suggest that at moderate intensity, prior cycling influences the cardiorespiratory response during subsequent running. Furthermore, prior cycling seems to have a sustained effect on the Cr during subsequent running.
Automated Network Administration for Large Organizations

The network society is a global society having limitless boundaries. Organizations are highly dependent on networks since it forms the foundation for their fundamental growth through device management, sharing data and information that is being accessed. It necessitates for extremely on-demand, fast and user friendly network management application that can be used to monitor and supervise the private networks. Incorporating a network tool used by the administrators to search and trace out IP address information will facilitate real time screening and decision making in any network subnet efficiently and frequently. The proposed approach is able to allocate IP addresses and IP pool to the designated user in wide-ranging organizations and provides incident reports so that administrators can handle cases frequently. Although there have been some proposed tools available for the assignment of unique IP addresses, there is a need of proper mechanism through which all information should be traced out in desired manner, is proposed in this paper.
A fuzzy goal programming approach for solving the decentralized bi-level optimization problem with imprecise cooperation relations

This paper studies the decentralized bi-level multi-objective programming (DBLMOP) problem with one decision-maker (DM) at the higher level and more than one DM at the lower level. The number of objective functions to be optimized by each DM may be different. The fuzzy relation technique is first incorporated into fuzzy goal programming (FGP) to solve the hierarchical optimization problem. After characterizing the fuzzy goals of the objective functions and the higher-level DM's decision vector by the corresponding membership functions, the concept of fuzzy binary relation is introduced to define the imprecise cooperation relations between the two DMs located at the different levels. An FGP model is formulated to reach the satisfactory values of all the fuzzy goals as close to the optimums as possible by minimizing their deviation variables and thereby finding a candidate solution. The proposed solution algorithm involving an interactive procedure with two orientations enables the higher-level DM to adjust the decision powers of the DMs through changing the cooperation relations, if the solution needs to be re-evaluated. A numerical example is presented to illustrate and demonstrate the proposed method.
On the Domination Number of Cartesian Product of Two Directed Cycles

Denote by the domination number of a digraph and the Cartesian product of and , the directed cycles of length . In 2010, Liu et al. determined the exact values of for . In 2013, Mollard determined the exact values of for . In this paper, we give lower and upper bounds of with for different cases. In particular, . Based on the established result, the exact values of are determined for and 10 by the combination of the dynamic algorithm, and an upper bound for is provided.
Relationships between developmental profiles and ambulatory ability in A follow-up study of preschool children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND To investigate the follow-up course of developmental profiles in preschool children with spastic quadriplegic (SQ) cerebral palsy (CP) who had varying ambulatory abilities. METHODS Forty-eight children with SQ CP between 1 and 5 years old were classified into 2 groups, the ambulatory and non-ambulatory groups, based on Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels during the initial assessment. The developmental profiles, consisting of development quotients (DQs) of 8 domains, were evaluated during the initial assessment and the final assessment one year later. The DQ change index (%) was calculated as 100% X (final DQ-initial DQ)/initial DQ. RESULTS The DQs of all developmental domains in the non-ambulatory group were lower than those in the ambulatory group on both initial and final assessments (p<0.01). As indicated by the DQ change indices, most DQs in the ambulatory group decreased slightly, whereas those in the non-ambulatory group decreased considerably (p<0.05). Furthermore, fine motor function increased proportionally with age in the ambulatory group, but not in the non-ambulatory group. CONCLUSION The DQs of the developmental profiles varied in preschool CP children with different ambulatory abilities. The course of developmental profiles in preschool children with SQ CP evolves with age and relates to the degree of ambulatory function. Knowledge of these developmental profiles may be helpful in understanding, predicting, and managing the developmental problems of these children.
Feasibility of imaging living cells at subnanometer resolutions by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

Abstract Detailed structural investigations on living cells are problematic because existing structural methods cannot reach high resolutions on non-reproducible objects. Illumination with an ultrashort and extremely bright X-ray pulse can outrun key damage processes over a very short period. This can be exploited to extend the diffraction signal to the highest possible resolution in flash diffraction experiments. Here we present an analysis of the interaction of a very intense and very short X-ray pulse with a living cell, using a non-equilibrium population kinetics plasma code with radiation transfer. Each element in the evolving plasma is modeled by numerous states to monitor changes in the atomic populations as a function of pulse length, wavelength, and fluence. The model treats photoionization, impact ionization, Auger decay, recombination, and inverse bremsstrahlung by solving rate equations in a self-consistent manner and describes hydrodynamic expansion through the ion sound speed. The results show that subnanometer resolutions could be reached on micron-sized cells in a diffraction-limited geometry at wavelengths between 0·75 and 1·5 nm and at fluences of 1011–1012 photons μm−2 in less than 10 fs. Subnanometer resolutions could also be achieved with harder X-rays at higher fluences. We discuss experimental and computational strategies to obtain depth information about the object in flash diffraction experiments.
Bitwise Retransmission Schemes for Resources Constrained Uplink Sensor Networks

Novel bitwise retransmission schemes are devised which retransmit only the bits received with small reliability. The retransmissions are used to accumulate the reliabilities of individual bits. Unlike the conventional automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes, the proposed scheme does not require a checksum for the error detection. The bits to be retransmitted are reported as a combination number, or two synchronized random number generators (RNGs) at the transmitter and receiver are used to greatly compress the feedback message. The bitwise retransmission decisions and/or combining can be performed after the demodulation or after the channel decoding at the receiver. The bit-error rate (BER) expressions are derived for the case of one and two retransmissions, and verified by computer simulations. Assuming three specific retransmission strategies, the scheme parameters are optimized to minimize the overall BER. For the same number of retransmissions and packet length, the proposed schemes always outperform the frequently used stop-and-wait ARQ. The impact of feedback errors is also considered. Finally, practical designs of the bitwise retransmissions for data fusion from sensor nodes in Zigbee, Wifi and Bluetooth networks are presented.
Memory T Cell Populations in the Lung Airways Are Maintained by Continual Recruitment1

Effector memory T cell populations in the periphery play a key role in cellular immune responses to secondary infections. However, it is unclear how these populations are maintained under steady-state conditions in nonlymphoid peripheral sites, such as the lung airways. In this study, we show that LFA-1 expression is selectively down-regulated following entry of memory T cells into the lung airways. Using Sendai virus as a mouse model of respiratory virus infection, we use LFA-1 expression levels to demonstrate that effector memory T cell populations in the lung airways are maintained by continual recruitment of new cells from the circulation. The rate of memory cell recruitment is surprisingly rapid, resulting in replacement of 90% of the population every 10 days, and is maintained for well over 1 year following viral clearance. These data indicate that peripheral T cell memory is dynamic and depends on a systemic source of T cells.
Stem Cells for HUMAN Hepatic Tissue Engineering

1.1 Clinical implications End-stage liver disease is a life-threatening condition for which the only effective medical treatment available to date is orthotropic liver transplantation. Other approaches are needed because of the severe shortage of donors. These alternatives include cell transplantation and extracorporeal bioartificial livers. Since adult hepatocytes do not readily proliferate in culture, and healthy human livers are used to meet transplantation needs and are therefore not available for other purposes, a major challenge for these cell-based therapies is to identify a reliable hepatocyte source[1]. In the case of extracorporeal devices, many have suggested the use of animal sources (e.g. rat and pig), where immunoisolation may be possible. This is not likely to be a viable option for cell implantable modalities since these implants must be vascularized to function properly, and as a result would be exposed to xenogeneic immune rejection[2]. An increasingly plausible approach is the use of hepatocytes derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as recent studies – reviewed in greater detail below – show that it is possible to differentiate ESCs into hepatocyte-like cells with high yields. Furthermore, recent developments with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) suggest that many of the procedures used to differentiate ESCs could be used on iPSCs, thus making it possible to derive patient-specific syngeneic hepatocytes. Besides therapeutic applications, hepatocytes derived from human ESCs can be used for a variety of other applications, such as toxicity drug screening, where the use of human cells is much preferred compared to animal cells that often vary in sensitivity and metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs.
Diabetes control and complications: the role of glycated haemoglobin, 25 years on

The long‐term complications of diabetes have major consequences for individual subjects and growing healthcare delivery and cost implications for society. Evidence for the benefits of good glycaemic control, as monitored by glycated haemoglobin measurements, has been developed in the 25 years since they were introduced to the point where HbA1c assays play central roles in patient management, clinical guidance and audit, and clinical trial design. In this review this evidence is examined and three classes of uncertainty identified that diminish confidence in the effectiveness of these roles for HbA1c.
Light, Temperature, and Sucrose Affect Color, Diameter, and Soluble Solids of Disks of Wax Apple Fruit Skin

A study was conducted to assess the combined effects of light, temperature and sucrose on color, weight, diameter, and soluble solids of the skin of wax apple ( Syzygium samarangense Merr. & Perry) fruits. Skin disks were cultured in a factorial arrangement of two light levels (dark or light (300 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 )) as subplots and three sucrose concentrations (0%, 3%, or 6%) as sub-subplots within three temperature levels (20, 25, or 30 °C) as whole plot treatments. Weight, diameter, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and anthocyanin content were measured 2 weeks after incubation. Light increased SSC and anthocyanin, but reduced the increase in weight and diameter. Increasing the temperature limited increase in diameter and anthocyanin content. Weight, SSC, and anthocyanin contents increased in a linear fashion with concentration of sucrose in the culture solution. However, none of the three factors played a unique role in anthocyanin synthesis in wax apple. Among the 18 combinations, light/20°C/6% sucrose gave the highest SSC and anthocyanin content, while dark/20°C/6% sucrose produced the largest diameter.