Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitating Inflammation in A Mouse Model of Acute Pancreatitis

The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis involves the interplay of local and systemic immune responses that are often difficult to characterize. There is an intricate balance between localized tissue damage with the systemic production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. To study the pathophysiological changes occurring during acute pancreatitis in animal models, we have employed several methods to quantitate various markers of inflammation. This entry presents the methods that we used to determine the levels of myeloperoxidase activity, chemokines and adhesion molecules protein, substance P and hydrogen sulfide (main interests of our laboratory), and pulmonary microvascular permeability.
La consulta indígena en la institucionalidad ambiental de Chile: Consecuencias para la minería y las comunidades indígenas Collas de la Región de Atacama

Este trabajo analiza la gobernanza ambiental aplicada al proceso de consulta indígena implementada en el sistema de evaluación de impacto ambiental (SEIA) en Chile. Las consecuencias de la inclusión del Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) sobre Pueblos Indígenas y Tribales en el EIA se evalúan a través de varios estudios de caso de interacción entre la industria minera y las comunidades indígenas Colla en Atacama. Se han analizado modelos alternativos de gobernanza de la evaluación de impacto a través de análisis cuantitativos, entrevistas exploratorias y revisión de documentos judiciales y ambientales, que incluyeron procesos colaborativos y flexibles para la solución de problemas comunes entre las partes interesadas. El análisis describe el proceso que ha llevado a la judicialización de proyectos de inversión mineros por parte de las comunidades indígenas entre 2008 y 2018. Los resultados revelan un proceso consultivo con objetivos poco claros falta de transparencia y diseño centralizado sin considerar las características culturales, temporales y lingüísticas de las comunidades indígenas. El proceso de consulta tiene limitaciones estructurales y de recursos. Esta última se asocia principalmente a restricciones presupuestarias y a una menor participación de los profesionales en el proceso de evaluación. Las limitaciones estructurales se expresan a través de diferencias comunicacionales, políticas y conceptuales entre las partes interesadas. Estas diferencias actúan como barreras que impiden un rol eficiente del Estado de Chile con las empresas privadas y las comunidades indígenas, aumentando la incertidumbre de los inversionistas privados y aumentando la desconfianza histórica hacia las comunidades indígenas.
Gypsum-Based Boards Made from Mixtures of Waste Cellulosic Sources: Part 1. Physical and Mechanical Properties

Bu calismada, kullanilarak atik/atik duruma gelmis kagit (A tipi), eski kullanilmis oluklu mukavvalar (B tipi) ve ikincil seluloz lifleri (C tipi) alci yapisina katilarak kompozit panel levhalar uretilmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore, bu hammaddelerin alci yapisna katilmasi su icinde kalinlik artim degerlerini olumsuz etkilemistir. A, B ve C tipi levhalarda en yuksek kalinlik artim degeri sirasiyla %26,32, 12,76% ve %7,79 olarak benzer uretim sartlarindaki A6, B6 ve C6 levhalarinda gozlemlenmistir. Bu levhalarin uretim sartlari %50-50 (agirlik/agirlik) alci-selulozik atik seklindedir. Fakat en dusuk kalinlik artim degeri ise sadece alcidan uretilmis levhada (kontrol levhasi) %1,88 olarak olculmustur. Sekonder lif/alci karisimindan uetilmis C tipi levhalarda, ayni uretim sartlarinda A ve B tipi levhalardan daha yuksek ic yapisma direnc (IB) ozelligine sahip levhalar uretilmistir. En yuksek ic yapisma direnci 0.60 N/mm 2 olarak C3 tipi levhada gozlemlenmistir. Fakat %20 den daha yuksek sekonder lif eklanmesi alcidan uretilmis levhalarin direnc ozelliklerini olumusuz etkilemistir. Alci yapisina eklenen her uc tip hammadde de egilme direnc ozelliklerini (MOR) olumlu etki etttigi anlasilmistir. %10 ve %50 selulozik katki durumunda, A2 (6.59 N/mm 2 ) ve A6 (6.44 N/mm 2 ) levhalari diger B ve C tipi levhalara gore ayni uretim sartlarinda daha yuksek egilme direnc ozelligi gostermistir. Acik havada bekletilmis tum deneme levhalarinin sertlik ozellikleri, kontrol orneklerinden daha dusuk oldugu anlasilmistir.
Phosphorus and Nitrogen Transport in the Binational Great Lakes Basin Estimated Using SPARROW Watershed Models

Eutrophication problems in the Great Lakes are caused by excessive nutrient inputs (primarily phosphorus, P, and nitrogen, N) from various sources throughout its basin. In developing protection and restoration plans, it is important to know where and from what sources the nutrients originate. As part of a binational effort, Midcontinent SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) models were developed and used to estimate P and N loading from throughout the entire basin based on nutrient inputs similar to 2002; previous SPARROW models only estimated U.S. contributions. The new models have a higher resolution (~2‐km2 catchments) enabling improved descriptions of where nutrients originate and the sources at various spatial scales. The models were developed using harmonized geospatial datasets describing the stream network, nutrient sources, and environmental characteristics affecting P and N delivery. The models were calibrated using loads from sites estimated with ratio estimator and regression techniques and additional statistical approaches to reduce spatial correlation in the residuals and have all monitoring sites equally influence model development. SPARROW results, along with interlake transfers and direct atmospheric inputs, were used to quantify the entire P and N input to each lake and describe the importance of each nutrient source. Model results can be used to compare loading and yields from various tributaries and jurisdictions.
Are catchments leaky?

Catchments, generally understood as the drainage areas of low‐order streams, are often regarded as closed hydrologic entities; that is, precipitation (P) minus evapotranspiration (ET) over a catchment equates stream outflow (Q r). Here, we review evidence that catchments can be leaky due to groundwater outflow or inflow across topographic divides, based on catchment mass balance across a continent and several site‐based studies across the globe. It appears that a catchment is more likely to be leaky with the combination of the following factors: small catchment size, positioned at either the high or low end of a steep regional topographic and climatic gradient, underlain by deep permeable substrates that extend beyond the study catchment, and in drier climate or dry seasons and droughts. Catchment leakage has hydrological, geochemical, and ecological implications. Thus, catchments are best framed as semiclosed hydrologic units perched on top of a larger, regional hydrogeological system with no real boundaries regarding the movement of water and solutes.
High-frequency ultrasound examination of skin : Introduction and guide

Firmly established as the leading international reference in this field, Non-Invasive Methods and the Skin broke new ground with its comprehensive coverage of methods used in both clinical and experimental dermatology. Completely revised and updated, containing more than twice as much information, the Second Edition continues the tradition. The authors' thorough research and clear organization make this book a baseline reference for those using noninvasive biophysical methods to study the skin. Arranged by physical modality and structured to provide educational and practical information, the second edition, like its predecessor, will prove to be of value to young researchers and senior scientists alike. The coverage of major evaluation and measurement methods share a consistent format, including scope, sources of error, application, and validity. This edition incorporates 69 revised chapters with more than 90 new chapters covering topics such as computer technique, imaging techniques, skin friction, barrier functions, and more.New chapters provide coverage of: computers, computer techniques, and image analysis imaging techniques, including clinical photography legal situations and guidelines behind instrumental use skin friction barrier functions important new techniques such as in vitro confocal microscopy, OCT, and Raman spectroscopy veterinary/animal research use of methods The truly interdisciplinary, international panel of contributors includes experts from the specialties of dermatology, bioengineering, pathology, manufacturing engineering, medical physics, pharmacology, microbiology, neurology, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, cardiovascular research, and pharmacy from academic institutions and hospitals in countries such as Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Israel, Taiwan, and Singapore. The revision is extensive and covers a broad spectrum of methods while providing the same caliber of authoritative information that made the previous edition so popular. Application oriented, practical, and instructive, this Second Edition will meet the needs of the researchers today, and in years to come.
The influence of geological and groundwater conditions on the piles driving effects induced against nearby buildings

Installation of pile foundations by impact hammers produces numerous negative effects in the surrounding environment. For civil and geotechnical engineers, the most important one is the vibrations induced by various piles driving operations. Since many construction works including pile foundations installation usually take place in narrow urban areas, it is of great importance to predict and control the effects that may harm the surrounding structures. Hence, the study of all related aspects to the vibrations generation and propagation is insistently needed. This study has been conducted to investigate the influence of subsurface geology and groundwater conditions in controlling the effects induced by piles driving operations against nearby buildings. 2016 PLAXIS 3D software was used to numerically simulate the process of pilling and the effects reflected on one building located in the near proximity. Six models with similar soil, building, pile properties, soil strata order and with different groundwater and geological conditions have been constructed. In addition, dynamic load with dynamic load-time multiplier has been used to simulate a single acting hammer action on the pile head. Both, displacement and applied force changes have been investigated through one point located in the nearest building column to the pilling operation. After investigation, it has been found that the subsurface geology plays more significant role in controlling the effects of piles driving, compared to the groundwater conditions. However, the depth of pilling and the soil, pile and building properties have the major role. Lastly, by using the force resonance approach it was concluded that; driving piles through saturated soils causes lower values of force resonance compared with dry soils. In addition, driving piles through horizontal layers causes higher force resonance than that in inclined layers, but lower than that in folded (basin-shaped) layers.
Crowdsourced approaches for stage measurements at ungauged locations using smartphones

ABSTRACT The growing availability of smart devices with advanced sensors has increased the opportunities for citizen science applications for environmental monitoring. Accurate and widespread monitoring of river stage is vital for modeling water resources. Reliable data points are required for model calibration and validation in forecast studies. While current embedded monitoring systems provide accurate measurements, the cost to replicate these systems on a large domain is prohibitively expensive, limiting the quantity of data available. This project describes a new method to accurately measure river levels using smartphone sensors. Pictures of the same point on the river’s surface are taken to perform calculations based on the GPS location and spatial orientation of the smartphone. The proposed implementation is significantly more accessible than existing water measuring systems while offering similar accuracy. A case study is performed to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of the measurements to changes in distance.
Influence of hydrological structure on exchange processes between water and bottom sediments in Mozhaysk Reservoir

The results of studies of exchange processes at the “water – bottom sediments” border for the summer period 2017–18 at the Mozhaisk reservoir are presented. The factors that determine the intensity values of methane and mineral phosphorus fluxes from bottom sediments as well as their spatial non-uniformity, associated with the soils distribution characteristics in the valley-type reservoir, are analysed.
The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC)

The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) was established on 12 December 1988, with 42 founding members and following important initiatives by Professor Vittorio Ventafridda and the Floriani Foundation. The aim of the EAPC is to promote palliative care in Europe and to act as a focus for all of those who work, or have an interest, in the field of palliative care at the scientific, clinical and social levels.
An exploration of client-centred practice in occupational therapy: perspectives and impact

Client-centred practice underpins Occupational Therapy and is defined as a partnership between the client and therapist that empowers a client to fulfil his/her occupational roles in a variety of environments. Given the importance of this approach, there has been limited exploration of what therapists and clients experience of this approach. A mixed method design examining the view of the clients and therapists was undertaken using; a systematic review to examine worldwide evidence of a clientcentred outcomes measure, a survey of a sample of therapists’ experiences and individual client and therapist interviews. Findings from this programme of work revealed that the clients’ perspective of client-centred practice was the value they placed on the attitude and behaviour of the therapist, communicating respect and treating them as equals. Therapists valued partnership but were challenged in establishing a relationship with the client and failed to negotiate goals with them. Using a client-centred outcomes measure (the COPM) reinforced partnership, demonstrated joint goal setting and evaluated client satisfaction. Implications for practice; training needed in client-centred practice, theoretical models, interviewing, risk assessment, goal negotiation and use of outcome measures. Communication, use of language and documentation should be clientcentred and reflect the client’s needs.
Assessment of wave energy potential along the south coast of Java Island

The south coast of Java Island has a great potential for wave energy. A long-term analysis of a 10-year wave dataset obtained from the ERA-Interim database is performed for preliminary wave energy assessment in this area, and it was seen that the annual median power is expected to exceed 20kW/m along the coast. A coastal wave model with an unstructured grid was run to reveal the wave conditions and to assess the wave energy potential along the coast in detail. The effect of swells and local wind on the wave conditions is investigated. Annual median wave power, water depth and distance from the coast are selected as criteria for the identification of suitable locations for wave energy conversion. Two zones within the study area emerge to be suitable for wave energy extraction. Swells from the southwest turned out to be the major source of wave energy and highest monthly median wave power reached about 33kW/m.
How Porosity Controls Macroscopic Failure via Propagating Fractures and Percolating Force Chains in Porous Granular Rocks

This contribution aims to illuminate the micromechanisms that control the macroscopic failure of porous, granular, and cohesive rocks. With discrete element method simulations, we triaxially compress cohesive granular models composed of interlocking breakable grains, similar to sandstone and oolitic limestone. We track the morphology of the force network and the resulting spatiotemporal fracture distribution. To shed light on the varying applicability of the pore‐emanated and Hertzian fracture models, we focus on differences in the micromechanics that develop between and within grains. For 5–20% porosity rocks, the cement between grains develops 10–50% higher mean forces than material within grains. Force chains that support the highest system‐spanning forces are more localized prior to failure in 20% porosity rocks and are more diffusely spread in 5% porosity rocks. Confining stress reduces this localization, similar to the impact of confining stress on the macroscopic expression of brittle failure. The magnitude and rate of fracture development relative to the axial strain or axial stress increase toward failure, consistent with experimental observations. In contrast, the rate of fracture development relative to the amount of external work done on the system, Wext, is approximately constant. Higher porosity rocks require lower inputs of Wext to produce the same degree of fracturing. Decreasing the cement strength promotes fracture development within the cement, revealing the dominance of intergranular, pore‐emanated fractures. These simulations provide predictions about how porosity controls the persistence of the stress field, with implications on the sequential development of deformation bands, and other deformational processes that modify porosity.
High Definition Map for Automated Driving: Overview and Analysis

As one of the key enabling technologies for automated driving, High Definition (HD) Maps have become a major research focus in recent years. While increasing research effort has been directed toward HD Map development, a comprehensive review of the overall conceptual framework and development status is still lacking. In this study, we start with a brief review of the highlights of navigation map history, and then present an extensive literature review of HD Map development for automated driving, focusing on HD Map structure, functionalities, and accuracy requirements as well as standardisation aspects. In addition, this study conducts an analysis of HD Map-based vehicle localisation. The numerical results demonstrate the potential capabilities of HD Maps. Some recommendations for further investigation are made.
Three-parameter prestack seismic inversion based on L1-2 minimization

Prestack inversion has become a common approach in reservoir prediction. At present, the critical issue in the application of seismic inversion is the estimation of elastic parameters in the thin layers and weak reflectors. To improve the resolution and the accuracy of the inversion results, we introduced the difference of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] norms as a nearly unbiased approximation of the sparsity of a vector, denoted as the [Formula: see text] norm, to the prestack inversion. The nonconvex penalty function of the [Formula: see text] norm can be decomposed into two convex subproblems via the difference of convex algorithm, and each subproblem can be solved efficiently by the alternating direction method of multipliers. Compared with the [Formula: see text] norm regularization, the [Formula: see text] minimization can reconstruct reflectivities more accurately. In addition, the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] predictive filtering was introduced to guarantee the lateral continuity of the location and the amplitude of the reflectivity series. The generalized linear inversion and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] predictive filtering are combined for stable elastic impedance inversion results, and three parameters of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density can be inverted with the Bayesian linearized amplitude variation with offset inversion. The inversion results of synthetic and real seismic data demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the resolution and accuracy of the inversion results.
Urban Air Computing: For Air Quality Detection

— Air pollution is one of the biggest challenges that every metro-political areas is facing today. There are several tools and techniques evolved to predict pollution level which in turn helps in controlling and mitigating pollution. The three areas for computing pollution level are feature analysis, interpolation and prediction of fine grained air quality. These areas are providing extremely useful information so that one can take steps to mitigate pollution level, thus it also generates big societal impacts. Currently, there are individual models to address these issues separately. This paper proposes proposes single efficient framework by combining interpolation, prediction and feature analysis for air quality detection. This framework evaluates the different machine learning approaches to predict the air pollution components based on real data sets obtained from Bangalore. The main idea of the Urban Air Computing(UAC) is to gather the data of air quality and showing the feature analysis of air quality, interpolation and prediction.
Influence of Ocean Circulation and Benthic Exchange on Deep Northwest Atlantic Nd Isotope Records During the Past 30,000 Years

Neodymium (Nd) isotopes extracted from authigenic sediment phases are increasingly used as a proxy for past variations in water mass provenance. To better constrain the controls of water mass provenance and nonconservative effects on the archived Nd isotope signal, we present a new depth transect of Nd isotope reconstructions from the Blake Bahama Outer Ridge along the North American continental margin covering the past 30 ka. We investigated five sediment cores that lie directly within the main flow path of the Deep Western Boundary Current, a major advection route of North Atlantic Deep Water. We found offsets between core tops and seawater Nd isotopic compositions that are observed elsewhere in the Northwest Atlantic. A possible explanation for this is the earlier suggested redistribution of sediment by nepheloid layers at intermediate as well as abyssal depths, transporting material downslope and along the continental margin. These processes potentially contributed to Nd isotope excursions recorded in Northwest Atlantic sediment cores during the Bølling‐Allerød and early Holocene. An Atlantic‐wide comparison of Nd isotope records shows that the early Holocene excursions had an additional contribution from conservative advection of unradiogenic dissolved Nd. Nevertheless, the trends of the Nd isotope records are in general agreement with previous reconstructions of water mass provenance from the entire Atlantic and also reveal millennial‐scale changes during the last deglaciation in temporal high resolution, which have rarely been reported before. Further, the new records confirm that during cold periods the Northwest Atlantic was bathed by an increased contribution of southern sourced water.