Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Progression and Interrelationship of Central and Effector Regulatory T Cell Subsets

Resting central Tregs (cTregs) and activated effector Tregs (eTregs) are required for self-tolerance, but the heterogeneity and relationships within and between phenotypically distinct subsets of cTregs and eTregs are poorly understood. By extensive immune profiling and deep sequencing of TCR-β V regions, two subsets of cTregs, based on expression of Ly-6C, and three subsets of eTregs, based on distinctive expression of CD62L, CD69, and CD103, were identified. Ly-6C+ cTregs exhibited lower basal activation, expressed on average lower affinity TCRs, and less efficiently developed into eTregs when compared with Ly-6C− cTregs. The dominant TCR Vβs of Ly-6C+ cTregs were shared by eTregs at a low frequency. A single TCR clonotype was also identified that was largely restricted to Ly-6C+ cTregs, even under conditions that promoted the development of eTregs. Collectively, these findings indicate that some Ly-6C+ cTregs may persist as a lymphoid-specific subset, with minimal potential to develop into highly activated eTregs, whereas other cTregs readily develop into eTregs. In contrast, subsets of CD62Llo eTregs showed higher clonal expansion and were more highly interrelated than cTreg subsets based on their TCR-β repertoires, but exhibited varied immune profiles. The CD62Llo CD69− CD103− eTreg subset displayed properties of a transitional intermediate between cTregs and more activated eTreg subsets. Thus, eTreg subsets appear to exhibit substantial flexibility, most likely in response to environmental cues, to adopt defined immune profiles that are expected to optimize suppression of autoreactive T cells.
Experience Of Using Of Social Networks In Education

The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the educational potential of Internet social networks. To achieve the research purpose the following methods of research were used: the theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature on the research problem, researching various technologies of the generation Web2.0; supervision, questioning, interviewing, and testing; the qualitative and quantitative analysis and the comparison of the obtained data. This work deals with the theoretical aspects of organising an educational activity in social networks of the Internet, and the analysis of foreign and Kazakhstani experience of applying social networks in the educational process of schools and higher education institutions. The article highlights the basic principles of work and key characteristics of communication in social networks, a model of remote and interactive training based on the social networks use as a pedagogical tool. Based on the analysis done a number of potential opportunities of social networks in an educational space are identified. The work also analyses the main tendencies of the development of social networks and the related prospects of using them as a pedagogical tool. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
Why is quaternary prevention important in prevention?

ABSTRACT Quaternary prevention consists in the identification of persons at risk of excessive medicalization and their protection against new unnecessary interventions, avoiding iatrogenic damages. Here, we argue about the importance of quaternary prevention in specific primary and secondary prevention. The recent great development of preventive medicine, biomedicalization of risks and their treatment as if they were diseases, and the powerful influence of the commercial interests of pharmaceutical industries on the production of medical-sanitary knowledge alter classifications, create diseases and pre-diseases, lower cutoff points, and erase the distinction between prevention and healing. This situation converts larger amounts of asymptomatic persons into sick individuals and diverts clinical attention and resources from sick persons to the healthy, from older adults to young persons, and from the poor to the rich. Quaternary prevention facilitates and induces the development and systematization of operational knowledge and guidelines to contain hypermedicalization and the damages of preventive actions in professional care, especially in primary health care.
Automating techniques for inspecting high assurance systems

Software inspections are an example of a validation technique for improving software product quality and reducing development time and cost. They are a peer-review process that have shown to decrease costs, decrease development time, and increase quality through a detailed examination of work-in-progress with the objective of identifying defects. In this paper, we report a methodology used for modeling the defects found during a code inspection. The Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC) was used to categorize and make inferences that resulted in synthesized checklists that reflect the latest project experience and the rules most frequently broken during software development. We were then able to develop techniques that automatically used the checklists to search for defects in the source code. This automated defect detection technique will free up resources that can be used to look for more project specific issues.
The hemagglutinins of duck and human H1 influenza viruses differ in sequence conservation and in glycosylation

We determined the deduced amino acid sequences of two H1 duck influenza A virus hemagglutinins (HAs) and found that the consensus sequence of the HA, determined directly from virus recovered from the intestinal tract, remains unchanged through many generations of growth in MDCK cells and chicken embryos. These two duck viruses differ from each other by 5 amino acids and from A/Dk/Alberta/35/1976 (F. J. Austin, Y. Kawaoka, and R. G. Webster, J. Gen. Virol. 71:2471-2474, 1990) by 9 and 12 amino acids, most of which are in the HA1 subunit. They are antigenically similar to each other but different from the Alberta virus. We compared these H1 duck HAs with the HAs of human isolates to identify structural properties of this viral glycoprotein that are associated with host range. By comparison to the human H1 HAs, the duck virus HA sequences are highly conserved as judged by the small fraction of nucleotide differences between strains which result in amino acid substitutions. However, the most striking difference between these duck and human HAs is in the number and distribution of glycosylation sites. Whereas duck and swine viruses have four and five conserved glycosylation sites per HA1 subunit, none of which are on the tip of the HA, all human viruses have at least four additional sites, two or more of which are on the tip of the HA. These findings stress the role of glycosylation in the control of host range and suggest that oligosaccharides on the tip of the HA are important to the survival of H1 viruses in humans but not in ducks or swine.
Conceptual Developments in Genetic Programming for Time Series Forecasting

Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the main research areas in Genetic Programming (GP). Method: We used the systematic literature review method employing an automatic search with manual refining of papers published on GP between 1992 to 2012. Results: Just 63 studies meet all the requirements of the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Although studies relating to the application of genetic programming in the forecast of time series were frequently presented, we find that the studies proposing changes in the original algorithm of GP with a theoretical support and a systematic procedure for the construction of model were scarce in the time 1992-2012.
Hyaluronan Synthesis by Mouse Cumulus Cells Is Regulated by Interactions between Follicle-stimulating Hormone (or Epidermal Growth Factor) and a Soluble Oocyte Factor (or Transforming Growth Factor β1)*

Expansion of the cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) in the preovulatory mammalian follicle requires a transient induction of hyaluronan (HA) synthesis by the cumulus cells. We studied the interactions of known factors that regulate this process by isolating compact COCs from mice and inducing their expansion in vitro. Maximum HA synthesis requires either follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) in combination with either a soluble factor(s) produced by the oocyte or transforming growth factor β1. FSH (or EGF) exerts its effects during the first 2 h of incubation, before HA synthesis actually begins. The oocyte factor(s) (or transforming growth factor β1) exerts its effects from 2 h onwards and must be continuously present throughout the subsequent ∼10 h to achieve a maximum level of HA synthesis. FSH stimulates intracellular cAMP synthesis, which correlates with net HA production up to ∼14 fmol/COC at 5 ng/ml FSH; however, higher concentrations of FSH increase cAMP levels ∼10-fold higher with no additional effect on HA synthesis. EGF at saturating concentrations for HA synthesis does not stimulate cAMP above basal levels. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin AG18 nearly abolish the HA synthesis response to EGF and inhibit the response to FSH by ∼60%, suggesting that a tyrosine kinase activity is involved for both factors, whereas FSH also operates partially through another signaling pathway. Actinomycin D abolishes HA synthesis if added at the beginning of culture and reduces HA synthesis by ∼50% if added between 6-12 h when HA synthesis is normally maximal. The results suggest that regulation of HA synthesis is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level.
Gephyrin-Independent Clustering of Postsynaptic GABAA Receptor Subtypes

Gephyrin has been shown to be essential for the synaptic localization of the inhibitory glycine receptor and major GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) subtypes. However, in retina certain GABA(A)R subunits are found at synaptic sites in the absence of gephyrin. Here, we quantitatively analyzed GABA(A)R alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha5, beta2/3, and gamma2 subunit immunoreactivities in spinal cord sections derived from wild-type and gephyrin-deficient (geph -/-) mice. The punctate staining of GABA(A)R alpha1 and alpha5 subunits was unaltered in geph -/- mice, whereas the numbers of alpha2-, alpha3-, beta2/3-, and gamma2-subunit-immunoreactive synaptic sites were significantly or even strikingly reduced in the mutant animals. Immunostaining with an antibody specific for the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter revealed that the number of inhibitory presynaptic terminals is unaltered upon gephyrin deficiency. These data show that in addition to gephyrin other clustering proteins must exist that mediate the synaptic localization of selected GABA(A)R subtypes.
Princesses, Princes, and Superheroes: Children's Gender Cognitions and Fictional Characters

ABSTRACT The goal of the present study was to identify whether children recognize the gender stereotypes prevalent within the increasingly popular princess, prince, and superhero characters. Interviews with 126 children from the northeast region of the Unites States (3–11 years old) indicated that children recognized the gender-typed personality traits of princesses, princes, and superheroes, with older children holding more gender-typed cognitions about the characters. Children's own-schemas (i.e., beliefs that apply to themselves) and superordinate schemas (i.e., include beliefs about others' preferences and behaviors) for the characters were mostly gender typed and congruent. Older children gender-typed princesses as for girls more than younger children, whereas older children considered superheroes to be for boys and girls more than younger children did. Older children also considered the characters to be for them less, potentially reducing the negative implications of exposure to gender-typed messages associated with the characters. Individual differences exist in children's perceptions of these fictional characters, with children's own androgyny being positively correlated with their perceptions of princesses' androgyny levels. Further, girls were more flexible in their stereotyping of princesses, noting they were “for girls and boys” more. The authors discuss the results' practical and theoretical implications.
Why are U.S. Women Decreasing Their Labor Force Participation If Their Wages are Rising?

Given the traditional interpretation of women's labor force participation rate (LFPR) trends as movements along a positively sloped labor supply curve, it is surprising that the recent downward trend in U.S. women's LFPR has occurred over a period when women's real wages were commonly believed to be rising. I find that almost two‐thirds of the decline since 2000 is attributable to aging of the adult female population. The remainder, due to declining labor force participation for women under 55, becomes less puzzling in light of my evidence that the wage/education locus faced by women actually may have worsened since 2000. (JEL J21, J31, J82)
Money Supply, Output and Inflation Dynamics in Nigeria: The Case of New Higher Order Monetary Aggregates 1

Developments in the Nigerian financial markets arising from the advent of new instruments, with Other Depository Corporations in the fore front as participants competing to dominate each other in market share has necessitated the introduction of a new higher order monetary aggregate, M3. This development was to ensure realignment in the definition of monetary aggregates so that stable relationship is maintained between money supply, inflation and output. This study attempts to validate the M3 by subjecting it to F-M dual criteria as well as adopted SVAR to determine its relationship with output and the general price levels. The data spans the period 2009M12 to 2018M6. The results revealed that the M3 satisfies the F-M dual criteria and SVAR report high persistent positive response of the level of economic activities arising from positive shock to M3 and similarly prices showed identical response but of lower magnitude. The study therefore submits that M3, in line with economic theory, contains enormous information about output and inflation in Nigeria than M2, hence we support the adoption of the new higher order monetary aggregate (M3) as the broadest definition of money for Nigeria.
Downhill walking training with and without exercise-induced muscle damage similarly increase knee extensor strength

ABSTRACT This study examined whether avoiding or experiencing exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) influences strength gain after downhill walking training. Healthy young males performed treadmill downhill walking (gradient: −28%, velocity: 5 km · h−1 and load: 10% of body mass) 1 session per week for four weeks using either a ramp-up protocol (n = 16), where exercise duration was gradually increased from 10 to 30, 50 and 70 min over four sessions, or a constant protocol (n = 14), where exercise duration was 40 min for all four sessions. Indirect markers of EIMD were measured throughout the training period. Maximal knee extension torque in eccentric (−1.05 rad·s−1), isometric and concentric (1.05 rad·s−1) conditions were measured at pre- and post-training. The ramp-up group showed no indications of EIMD throughout the training period (e.g., plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity: always <185 U · L−1) while EIMD was evident after the first session in the constant group (CK: peak 485 U · L−1). Both groups significantly increased maximal knee extension torque in all conditions with greater gains in eccentric (ramp-up: +19%, constant: +21%) than isometric (+16%, +15%) and concentric (+12%, +10%) strength without any significant group-difference. The current results suggest that EIMD can be avoided by the ramp-up protocol and is not a major determinant of training-induced strength gain.
IL‐15 exacerbates collagen‐induced arthritis with an enhanced CD4+ T cell response to produce IL‐17

IL‐15 is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We found that IL‐15 plays an important role in the development of murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). The incidence and severity of CIA were slightly decreased in IL‐15 KO mice but were increased in IL‐15 Tg mice compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. The levels of type II collagen (CII)‐specific IL‐17 production were significantly increased in IL‐15 Tg mice compared with WT mice with CIA. Expression of IL‐23R was up‐regulated in CD4+ T cells in IL‐15 Tg mice but down‐regulated in IL‐15 KO mice compared with WT mice. In correlation with the expression levels of IL‐23R, IL‐17 production by CD4+ T cells in response to exogenous IL‐23 was increased in IL‐15 Tg mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, exogenous IL‐15 synergized with IL‐23 to induce CII‐specific IL‐17 production by CD4+ T cells in vitro. Taken together, these results indicate that IL‐15 plays an important role in the progression of CIA through increasing antigen‐specific IL‐17 production by CD4+ T cells.
High efficiency single stage dual output smart battery charger: Marine application

This paper presents a single stage smart battery charger for marine applications. High energy efficiency is a unique advantage of the proposed charger. It has dual outputs; it can charge two batteries separately at the same time. The demonstrated topology has a fault tolerant (FT) capability in case of dual open switch faults. In addition it can be used in parallel mode to reduce the charge time significantly or in standalone mode to improve light load efficiency. A control technique and fault detection (FD) method is also developed for the proposed charger. To validate the theory, a 600 W, 24 VDC dual output battery charger with universal input 120/230 VAC is simulated in Matlab/Simulink under different load and input voltage conditions.
Significance of Elecsys® S100 immunoassay for real-time assessment of traumatic brain damage in multiple trauma patients

Abstract Background: The neuroprotein S100 released into the circulation has been suggested as a reliable marker for primary brain damage. However, safe identification of relevant traumatic brain injury (TBI) may possibly be hampered by S100 release from peripheral tissue. The objective of this study was to measure early S100 levels using the Elecsys® S100 immunoassay for real-time assessment of severe TBI in multiple trauma. Methods: Consecutively admitted multiple trauma patients (injury severity score ≥16 points) were stratified according to the results of the initial cerebral computed tomography (CCT) examination. S100 serum levels were determined at admission and at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h after trauma. Data were correlated to creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the discriminating power of S100 measurement was calculated for the detection of CCT+ findings. Results: Median S100 levels of CCT+ patients (n=9; 37years) decreased from 3. 30μg/L at admission to 0. 41μg/L 72h after trauma. They revealed no significant differences to CCT– patients (n=18; 44years), but remained elevated compared to controls. Median CK and LDH levels correlated with the corresponding S100 levels during the first 24h after trauma. ROC analysis displayed a maximum area under the curve of only 0.653 at 12h after trauma. No significant difference was calculated for the differentiation between CCT+ and CCT– patients. Conclusions: Measurements of S100 serum levels using the Elecsys® S100 immunoassay are not reliable for the real-time detection of severe TBI in multiple trauma patients. Due to soft tissue trauma or bone fractures, S100 is mainly released from peripheral sources such as adipocytes or skeletal muscle cells. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1140–5.
Direct link between boson-peak modes and dielectric α-relaxation in glasses.

We compute the dielectric response of glasses starting from a microscopic system-bath Hamiltonian of the Zwanzig-Caldeira-Leggett type and using an ansatz from kinetic theory for the memory function in the resulting generalized Langevin equation. The resulting framework requires the knowledge of the vibrational density of states (DOS) as input, which we take from numerical evaluation of a marginally stable harmonic disordered lattice, featuring a strong boson peak (excess of soft modes over Debye ∼ω_{p}^{2} law). The dielectric function calculated based on this ansatz is compared with experimental data for the paradigmatic case of glycerol at T≲T_{g}. Good agreement is found for both the reactive (real) part of the response and for the α-relaxation peak in the imaginary part, with a significant improvement over earlier theoretical approaches. On the low-frequency side of the α peak, the fitting supports the presence of ∼ω_{p}^{4} modes at vanishing eigenfrequency as recently shown [E. Lerner, G. During, and E. Bouchbinder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 035501 (2016)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.117. 035501]. α-wing asymmetry and stretched-exponential behavior are recovered by our framework, which shows that these features are, to a large extent, caused by the soft boson-peak modes in the DOS.
A Typology of Consumer Responses to Cause-Related Marketing: From Skeptics to Socially Concerned

Although cause-related marketing has become increasingly popular, academic researchers have only begun to examine how consumers respond to it. In this study, the authors explore in depth how consumers think and feel about cause-related marketing. They develop a framework of consumer responses that includes a typology of consumers. The authors also discuss implications for research, business and nonprofit marketing, and public policy.
Application of Interpolative Decomposition to FE-BI-MLFMA for Fast Computation of Monostatic Scattering from 3-D Complex Composite Objects

Interpolative decomposition (ID) algorithm is applied to the hybrid finite element-boundary integral-multilevel fast multipole algorithm (FE-BI-MLFMA) for fast computation of monostatic scattering from 3-D complex composite objects in this letter. The sparse skeleton directions are first selected from dense incident directions by employing ID. Then, the scattering fields from these skeleton directions are computed by FE-BI-MLFMA. Finally, scattering fields from any other interested directions can be constructed by the scattering fields from the skeleton directions. The numerical performance of ID for FE-BI-MLFMA has been investigated in detail through computing monostatic scattering by typical complex composite objects. It is observed that the skeleton directions by using ID are nonuniform and far less than directions uniformly selected. Furthermore, the result of skeleton directions by using ID is very robust and almost independent of procedures of using ID. Based on it, a two-level approach of using ID is first presented to reduce memory requirement in using ID in this letter.