Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Neuro-Fuzzy Rule-Based Classifier Using Important Features and Top Linguistic Features

The efficient feature selection for predictive and accurate classification is highly desirable in many application domains. Most of the attempts to neuro-fuzzy classifier lose information to build interpretable neuro-fuzzy classification model. This paper proposes an interpretable neuro-fuzzy classification model with significant features without loss of knowledge, which is an extension of an existing interpretable neuro-fuzzy classification model. The proposed model is designed based on the consideration of feature importance that is determined by frequency of linguistic features. The rules are then made based on important features. Therefore, the knowledge acquired in network can be comprehended to logical rules using only important features. The proposed model finally performs classification task by rule-based approach. The average accuracy calculated by 10-fold cross validation finds that the proposed model can increase performance of the already proven neuro-fuzzy system for classification tasks.
Identification, Characterization, Immunocytochemical Localization, and Developmental Changes in the Activity of Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase II in the CNS of Bombyx mori During Postembryonic Development

Abstract: In the present investigation, in vitro phosphorylation of CNS proteins of the silkworm Bombyx mori during the postembryonic development have been studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of phosphorylated proteins revealed the presence of major phosphoproteins of 59/60 kDa. Based on molecular mass, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent autophosphorylation, substrate specificity, KN‐62 inhibition, apparent Km for ATP and syntide‐2, these proteins were identified as calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). Anti‐rat CaM kinase II monoclonal antibody showed immunoreactivity with Bombyx CaM kinase II isoforms. This kinase showed a high degree of autophosphorylation in neural tissue. During postembryonic development of Bombyx, two distinct peaks of enzyme activity could be noticed, one at the late‐larval and another at the late‐pupal stage, which were associated with an increase in amount of the enzyme. These results suggested that the expression of CaM kinase II in the CNS of Bombyx was developmentally regulated.
Ligament creep cannot be predicted from stress relaxation at low stress: A biomechanical study of the rabbit medial collateral ligament

In normal daily activity, ligaments are probably subjected to repeated loading rather than to repeated deformation. The viscoelastic response to repeated loading is creep; this effect has significance for ligament reconstructions, which potentially “stretch out” over time. However, most experimental studies have examined the viscoelastic response to repeated deformation, stress relaxation. We hypothesized that the creep of a ligament could be predicted from its stress‐relaxation behaviour. Left and right medial collateral ligaments of eight skeletally mature rabbits were subjected to either creep or stress‐relaxation testing under comparable conditions. The time‐dependent increase in strain (creep) and reduction in load (relaxation) from the tests were modelled with use of the quasilinear viscoelastic theory and generalized standard linear solid modelling. Ligaments were found to creep distinctly less than would be predicted from relaxation tests. Although the reason for this behaviour remains unknown, we speculate that it is due to the progressive recruitment of collagen fibres during creep.
[T cells and cellular immunity; T receptors (structure, diversity, repertory); differentiation antigens (CD4, CD8); activation; auxillary T cells and immunoregulation; lymphokines (interferons, TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4) and cytotoxicity; concept of cellular immunity deficit].

L'immunite cellulaire designe la reponse immunitaire transferable par les seules cellules de l'immunite et dans notre cas par les seuls lymphocytes T. Elle n'est que la traduction des diverses fonctions des lymphocytes T, ce qui inclut par une action indirecte sur les lymphocytes B le developpement de l'immunite humorale designant la part de la reponse immunitaire due aux immunoglobulines.
Early primary infection and high Epstein‐barr virus antibody titers in greenland eskimos at high risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

In a comparative study of populations at high and low risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), sera from 442 Eskimo and 770 Danish children and adolescents were tested for the presence of antibodies against Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). Eskimo children in Greenland were seropositive at an early age and showed significantly higher titers of IgG antibody to the viral capsid antigen (VCA) (p<0.0001) and soluble (S) antigen (p<.005) than Danes matched for age and sex, but had similar levels of IgA antibody to VCA and IgG antibody to the early antigen (EA). The high geometric mean VCA (IgG) titers found in certain age groups of Eskimo children were as high as those previously reported from areas in Africa highly endemic for Burkitt's lymphoma. In Greenland, neither location nor household size was a determining factor for prevalence or titer of VCA (IgG). The high antibody titers among Eskimo children probably reflect exposure to a large inoculum of EBV at the time of primary infection, infection early in life and/or re‐exposure due to the higher incidence of EBV infection in Greenland. In view of the high incidence of NPC in Greenland and the known association of this tumor with EBV, we speculate that the time and quantitative aspects of the primary infection are also factors of relevance in the etiology of NPC.
System-level performance estimation of SCMA

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a novel non-orthogonal multiple access technique, which enjoys the low complexity of message passing algorithm (MPA) and the shaping gain of multidimensional codewords. The performance of SCMA is usually evaluated by the system level simulation and represented by the block error rate (BLER) as a metric. In this paper, we propose a new evaluation method to evaluate the performance of SCMA at the system level. We establish a link to system (L2S) interface and get the relationship between the instantaneous SNR and effective SNR. The simulation results show that the system level BLER achieved by the proposed method is accurate for various coding rates and modulation schemes.
Transactivation of the minus‐strand DNA transfer by nucleocapsid protein during reverse transcription of the retroviral genome.

Two DNA strand transfers are required during reverse transcription of the RNA genome of retroviruses to complete provirus synthesis. To understand more about the first strand transfer reaction, that of the minus‐strand DNA from the 5′ to the 3′ end of the retroviral genome, we devised an in vitro system mimicking the Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcription process. Two RNAs corresponding to the 5′ and 3′ regions of the genome were used to perform reverse transcription assays. The role of the nucleocapsid protein NCp10, which is tightly bound to the genome in the virus, was investigated in this system as well as the requirement of the 5′ and 3′ terminal repeats (R sequences) and the poly(A) tail. The results show that NCp10 drastically enhances the strand transfer reaction and that interactions between reverse transcriptase, nucleocapsid protein and viral RNA may be important. Both R sequences are required for an efficient and accurate DNA strand transfer and the poly(A) tail facilitates this reaction. Furthermore, it is probable that both intra‐ and intermolecular DNA strand transfers occur when the 5′ and 3′ ends of the genome are present on the same molecule.
Influence of two weeks of non-weight bearing on rat soleus motoneurons and muscle fibers.

BACKGROUND Chronic unloading of the hindlimbs of rats results in atrophy and a shift in the metabolic and mechanical properties of the soleus muscle a predominantly slow postural muscle, towards those observed in faster muscles. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that the spinal motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle would also atrophy and show adaptations in their metabolic properties following a period of unloading. METHODS For 2 weeks, 10-week-old male Wistar rats were hindlimb suspended and the mean soma size and succinate dehydrogenase activity of motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle were examined. Retrograde labeling with nuclear yellow injected in the soleus muscle was used to identify the soleus motor pool. The mean fiber size and fiber type distribution from a central region of each soleus muscle was determined. RESULTS The soma size distribution, mean soma cross-sectional area and mean succinate dehydrogenase activity of motoneurons in the soleus motor pool were similar in control and hindlimb suspended rats. In contrast, compared to control the mean fiber size of each fiber type and the percentages of Type I fibers decreased and of Type IIa fibers increased in the soleus muscle following hindlimb suspension. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that significant alterations in the phenotype and size of muscle fibers can occur without concomitant adaptations in the innervating motoneurons usually associated with motor unit types (i.e., soma size and oxidative capacity).
Change in vascular access and hospitalization risk in long-term hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Conversion from central venous catheters to a graft or a fistula is associated with lower mortality risk in long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients; however, a similar association with hospitalization risk remains to be elucidated. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We conducted a prospective observational study all maintenance in-center HD patients who were treated in Fresenius Medical Care, North America legacy facilities; were alive on January 1, 2007; and had baseline laboratory data from December 2006. Access conversion (particularly from a catheter to a fistula or a graft) during the 4-month period from January 1 through April 30, 2007, was linked using Cox models to hospitalization risk during the succeeding 1-year follow-up period (until April 30, 2008). RESULTS The cohort (N = 79,545) on January 1, 2007 had 43% fistulas, 29% catheters, and 27% grafts. By April 30, 2007, 70,852 patients were still on HD, and among 19,792 catheters initially, only 10.3% (2045 patients) converted to either a graft or a fistula. With catheters as reference, patients who converted to grafts/fistulas had similar adjusted hazard ratios (0.69) as patients on fistulas (0.71), while patients with fistulas/grafts who converted to catheters did worse (1.22), all P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Catheters remain associated with the greatest hospitalization risk. Conversion from a catheter to either graft or fistula had significantly lower hospitalization risk relative to keeping the catheter. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether programs that reduce catheters will decrease hospitalization risk in HD patients.
Higher-Order Sliding Mode Control of DFIG Wind Energy System Under LVRT

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely applied in Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) wind power system. In recent years the proportion of wind power became more and more in the electricity supply. The failure of power grid will lead to voltage drop and will cause system transient instability and may lead to partial or full paralysis. So Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) requirements is paied attention to integration of wind power into electric net-work. The paper analyzed the DFIG mathematical model in detailed and proposed a control strategy when grid voltage dips. And according to the principle of sliding mode control (SMC), designed a higher-order SMC controller. Adopting the above control strategy the system can get good dynamical characteristics and realize the maximum power point tracking. Even though voltage sag in the power grid, the proposed control can effectively reduce the impact of the rotor currents and inhibit the DC bus voltage fluctuations. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
An “ Imperfect ” Contraceptive Society : Fertility and Contraceptive Practices in Italy Introduction

Italy represents an unexpected and in some ways paradoxical outcome in terms of fertility control: one of the lowest birth rates in the world seems to have been accomplished through the preponderant use of “traditional” methods. Compared to other countries, there has been a reluctance to abandon coitus interruptus. In France in 1994, 84% of women used IUDs or the pill, compared to 42% in Italy in 1995; the proportion using withdrawal was respectively 3% and 25% (Castiglioni et al. 2001). Using data from 349 interviews conducted in 2005-2006 in four Italian cities, we argue that Italians using withdrawal often have ‘unplanned’ AND desired conceptions. Such results suggest the need to rethink theoretical understandings of low fertility. Individuals manipulate culturally produced norms and beliefs about the appropriate moment to have a child through use of coitus interruptus; simultaneously, their actions are embedded in cultural, economic, and political processes. An “Imperfect” Contraceptive Society: Fertility and Contraceptive Practices in Italy
Molecular cloning and expression pattern of porcine myeloid DAP12-associating lectin-1.

DAP12 is an ITAM-bearing membrane protein that is associated with activating receptors in natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages, and monocytes. Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1) is a type II membrane protein that associates with DAP12. In this study, we report the molecular cloning of two isoforms of porcine MDL-1 cDNA from pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The porcine MDL-1 short form has 165 amino acids and 70% sequence identity with the mouse MDL-1 short form. The long form has 20 more amino acids in the stalk region and 71% sequence identity with human MDL-1 and 67% with the mouse MDL-1 long form. Porcine MDL-1 contains a conserved lysine in the transmembrane domain. There are six putative N-linked glycosylation sites in the MDL-1 long form. MDL-1 transcripts were detected exclusively in macrophages and monocytes by RT-PCR. When transfected into 293 cells, porcine MDL-1 is expressed on the cell surface associated with DAP12.
Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Berberis Species

The genus Berberis (Berberidaceae) includes about 500 species worldwide, some of which are widely cultivated in the north-eastern regions of Iran. This genus consists of spiny deciduous evergreen shrubs, characterized by yellow wood and flowers. The cultivation of seedless barberry in South Khorasan goes back to two hundred years ago. Medicinal properties for all parts of these plants have been reported, including: Antimicrobial, antiemetic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, sedative, anti-cholinergic, cholagogic, anti-leishmaniasis, and anti-malaria. The main compounds found in various species of Berberis, are berberine and berbamine. Phytochemical analysis of various species of this genus revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, sterols and triterpenes. Although there are some review articles on Berberis vulgaris (as the most applied species), there is no review on the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of other well-known species of the genus Berberis. For this reason, the present review mainly focused on the diverse secondary metabolites of various species of this genus and the considerable pharmacological and biological activities together with a concise story of the botany and cultivation.
Stability analysis and state feedback control design of discrete-time systems with a backlash

This paper considers the class of discrete-time nonlinear systems resulting from the connection of a linear system with a backlash operator. By conveniently exploiting the properties of the backlash, a class of candidate Lyapunov functions with quadratic terms and Lur'e type terms, derived from generalized sector conditions, is introduced. Using this class of Lyapunov functions, the stability of the time-shifted system is investigated. Additionally, the set of equilibrium points, which can be estimated, may be not reduced to the origin, since the backlash operator contains a dead-zone. Sufficient convex conditions, formulated in terms of semi-definite programming, are provided for the stability analysis and for the design of a linear stabilizing state-feedback controller. Numerical simulations illustrate the results and some computational issues.
Industrial Robot : An International Journal Optimisation of prehension force through tactile sensing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze surface deformations caused by shear and moment forces on tactile materials and present a method to detect and reduce the risk of slippage by controlling the normal force as measured by tactile sensor arrays. Design/methodology/approach – A predictive model has been proposed which uses a basic method adapted to real applications in grasp optimization. Prevention of premature release with minimum prehension force is addressed without the need to measure the coefficient of friction between object and robot gripper. Predictive models have been used to develop a set of rules which predict the pre-slip based on fluctuations in tactile signal data. Findings – The tactile sensors can be used in a “nonlinear” manner during manipulation tasks. When the gripper finger first makes contact with an object, the stress distribution under the finger skin varies rapidly. Predictive models have been used to develop a set of rules which predict the pre-slip based on fluctuations in tactile signal data. Pre-slip at the contact area just prior to object movement produces rapid but detectable stress transients. Originality/value – Tactile sensors do not measure stress generated by a contact with an object directly, but instead measure strain in an interposed compliant, polymeric medium intended for sensor protection and prehension assistance. Reliable detection of pre-slip has hitherto eluded researchers using such tactile techniques.
Early effects of embryonic movement: ‘a shot out of the dark’

It has long been appreciated that studying the embryonic chick in ovo provides a variety of advantages, including the potential to control the embryo's environment and its movement independently of maternal influences. This allowed early workers to identify movement as a pivotal factor in the development of the locomotor apparatus. With an increasing focus on the earliest detectable movements, we have exploited this system by developing novel models and schemes to examine the influence of defined periods of movement during musculoskeletal development. Utilizing drugs with known neuromuscular actions to provoke hyperactivity (4‐aminopyridine, AP) and either rigid (decamethonium bromide, DMB) or flaccid (pancuronium bromide, PB) paralysis, we have examined the role of movement in joint, osteochondral and muscle development. Our initial studies focusing on the joint showed that AP‐induced hyperactivity had little, if any, effect on the timing or scope of joint cavity elaboration, suggesting that endogenous activity levels provide sufficient stimulus, and additional mobilization is without effect. By contrast, imposition of either rigid or flaccid paralysis prior to cavity formation completely blocked this process and, with time, produced fusion of cartilaginous elements and formation of continuous single cartilaginous rods across locations where joints would ordinarily form. The effect of these distinct forms of paralysis differed, however, when treatment was initiated after formation of an overt cavity; rigid, but not flaccid, paralysis partly conserved precavitated joints. This observation suggests that ‘static’ loading derived from ‘spastic’ rigidity can act to preserve joint cavities. Another facet of these studies was the observation that DMB‐induced rigid paralysis produces a uniform and specific pattern of limb deformity whereas PB generated a diverse range of fixed positional deformities. Both also reduced limb growth, with different developmental periods preferentially modifying specific osteochondral components. Changes in cartilage and bone growth induced by 3‐day periods of flaccid immobilization, imposed at distinct developmental phases, provides support for a diminution in cartilage elaboration at an early phase and for a relatively delayed influence of movement on osteogenesis, invoking critical periods during which the developing skeleton becomes receptive to the impact of movement. Immobilization also exerts differential impact along the proximo‐distal axis of the limb. Finally, our preliminary results support the possibility that embryonic hyperactivity influences the potential for postnatal muscle growth.
Discrete Black and White Object Recognition via Morphological Functions

Two morphological algorithms that attempt to recognize a black and white object directly in its discrete domain are presented. The first algorithm is based on covariance functions, while the second is based on a variant of size distribution functions. In both these algorithms, the scale correction has been automated. Also presented is a complete geometric and algebraic characterization of objects that are identical with respect to the proposed methodologies, and it is shown that the induced equivalent classes over binary images contain objects that are structurally very similar. This has been accomplished by introducing the notions of a strongly attached pixel, discrete structure of an image, and a structure preserving operation. An outcome of the analysis is the insight into the relationship between the discrete structure of an image and the induced equivalence classes. >
Characterization of Erwinia chrysanthemi extracellular proteases: cloning and expression of the protease genes in Escherichia coli

Erwinia chrysanthemi, a phytopathogenic enterobacterium, secretes three antigenically and structurally distinct proteases, A, B, and C and produces a protease inhibitor, a low-molecular-weight, heat-stable protein which remains mostly intracellular and which binds specifically to the A, B, and C proteases. The structural genes for proteases A, B, and C and for the inhibitor are clustered on a ca. 40-kilobase DNA fragment present in cosmid pEW4. Escherichia coli strains harboring pEW4 secrete the three proteases into the medium during the exponential phase of growth, without intracellular accumulation and in the absence of detectable cell lysis. An 8.5-kilobase EcoRI fragment derived from the cosmid encodes proteases B and C and the inhibitor as well as functions involved in the synthesis or secretion (or both) of the proteases. The inhibitor is not required for protease synthesis or secretion.