Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease in relapse following extensive radiotherapy

Twenty one patients with Hodgkin's disease who were in relapse following extensive radiation therapy were treated with a combination chemotherapy program (MOPP), which included nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine for 6 monthly cycles. Sixteen patients (76 per cent) achieved complete remission. In a comparable group of patients with extensive disease but no previous radiotherapy the over‐all remission rate and the degree of myelosuppression were similar. The interval between the end of radiotherapy and the onset of chemotherapy did not correlate with the extent of subsequent drug tOXicity. Relapse of Hodgkin's disease in the patients following intensive radiotherapy with curative intent does not preclude a subsequent excellent response to combination chemotherapy and a prolonged disease‐free interval.
Quantum Critical Transport in Clean Graphene

We describe electrical transport in ideal single-layer graphene at zero applied bias. There is a crossover from collisionless transport at frequencies larger than kBT/~ (T is the temperature) to collision-dominated transport at lower frequencies. The d.c. conductivity is computed by the solution of a quantum Boltzmann equation. Due to a logarithmic singularity in the collinear scattering amplitude (a consequence of relativistic dispersion in two dimensions) quasi-particles and -holes moving in the same direction tend to an effective equilibrium distribution whose parameters depend on the direction of motion. This property allows us to find the non-equilibrium distribution
Clickbait detection using word embeddings

Clickbait is a pejorative term describing web content that is aimed at generating online advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines or eye-catching thumbnail pictures to attract click-throughs and to encourage forwarding of the material over online social networks. We use distributed word representations of the words in the title as features to identify clickbaits in online news media. We train a machine learning model using linear regression to predict the cickbait score of a given tweet. Our methods achieve an F1-score of 64.98\% and an MSE of 0.0791. Compared to other methods, our method is simple, fast to train, does not require extensive feature engineering and yet moderately effective.
Altered pharmacology of native rodent spinal cord TRPV1 after phosphorylation

Evidence suggests that phosphorylation of TRPV1 is an important component underlying its aberrant activation in pathological pain states. To date, the detailed pharmacology of diverse TRPV1 receptor agonists and antagonists has yet to be reported for native TRPV1 under phosphorylating conditions. Our goal was to optimize a relatively high‐throughput methodology to allow pharmacological characterization of the native TRPV1 receptor using a spinal cord neuropeptide release assay under naive and phosphorylating states.
Crystal structure of human glyoxalase I—evidence for gene duplication and 3D domain swapping

The zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I catalyses the glutathione‐dependent inactivation of toxic methylglyoxal. The structure of the dimeric human enzyme in complex with S‐benzyl‐glutathione has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) and refined at 2.2 Å resolution. Each monomer consists of two domains. Despite only low sequence homology between them, these domains are structurally equivalent and appear to have arisen by a gene duplication. On the other hand, there is no structural homology to the ‘glutathione binding domain’ found in other glutathione‐linked proteins. 3D domain swapping of the N‐ and C‐terminal domains has resulted in the active site being situated in the dimer interface, with the inhibitor and essential zinc ion interacting with side chains from both subunits. Two structurally equivalent residues from each domain contribute to a square pyramidal coordination of the zinc ion, rarely seen in zinc enzymes. Comparison of glyoxalase I with other known structures shows the enzyme to belong to a new structural family which includes the Fe2+‐dependent dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase and the bleomycin resistance protein. This structural family appears to allow members to form with or without domain swapping.
Differential changes in neurochemical markers of striatal dopamine nerve terminals in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

To determine the extent that different dopamine (DA) neuronal markers provide similar estimates of striatal (caudate and putamen) DA nerve terminal loss in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), we compared, in postmortem striatum of 12 patients with PD and 10 matched controls, levels of five different DA neuronal markers.These markers included DA itself, three different estimates of the density of the DA transporter (DAT) ([sup 3 H]GBR 12,935 and [sup 3 H]WIN 35,428 binding; DAT protein immunoreactivity), and one estimate of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2; [sup 3 H]DTBZ binding). Striatal levels of all examined DA markers in PD were significantly intercorrelated. However, the magnitude of loss relative to controls was unequal (DAT protein = DA > [sup 3 H]WIN 35,428 > [sup 3 H]DTBZ > [sup 3 H]GBR 12,935), with the differences more marked in the severely affected putamen. The less severe reduction of binding of the DAT/VMAT2 radioligands relative to DA and DAT protein could be explained by differential regulation/degeneration of different DA nerve terminal components or lack of specificity of the radioligands for the DA neuron. These postmortem data may help in interpretation of in vivo neuroimaging studies in PD in which only one radioligand is routinely employed. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 718-726
What's New in SHOCK, January 2018?

The January 2018 issue of Shock: We start anew, filled with hopes for exciting science, improvements in care, new plans for collaboration! Allow me to expand this non-standard opening by adding some general reflections before delving into the purely scientific narrative. When reviewing the articles in this issue, I immediately noticed the widespread geographic origins of their authors. The papers are authored by scientists from 10 different countries on four continents. I was even happier to note that one-third of the papers are the fruit of international collaborations, such as those between researchers in China and the United States, and in Thailand and Indonesia. It is a very positive reflection on the scientific community that science is not contained by national borders, but rather—what is even more valuable—it connects people. In contrast to our sad (international) reality of rising walls and deep social divisions along national and political lines, science does connect people! I sincerely wish that all of us will promote and nourish this positive trend in 2018—and beyond. The January melting pot of clinical and basic research offers two review articles, six of the former (clinical) and seven of the latter (basic) sort. The first review focuses on the most vulnerable patient groups including the aged and malnourished and those with severe systemic infections and trauma. Nomellini et al. (1) concentrate on the development of chronic illness phenomenon characterized by concurrent signs of persistent inflammation and immunosuppression. The article integrates the most recent concepts of chronic illness in the critical care patients. It analyzes the main triggers of chronic illness, its progression pathways as well as current definition deficits and knowledge gaps precluding its comprehension. The authors argue that the immune dysfunction in chronic critical illness shares many common denominators regardless by which specific ‘‘vulnerability pathway’’ progresses the decline in the affected patients. Thus, those common chronic illness blueprints, once clearly defined and standardized, could be potentially exploited for patient risk stratification and more efficient treatment strategies. The second review by the Chinese colleagues addresses hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients (2). The timing of this article is just right given the ongoing controversy on the early goal-directed therapy in septic shock patients after the recently published findings
PROAASEL: Prospect theory based continuous authentication attribute selection model

Existing continuous authentication models use a fixed set of attributes and do not consider the application specific requirements and associated vulnerabilities in their selection. Selecting appropriate attributes for continuous authentication is essentially a multi-criteria decision making process. Existing multi-criteria decision making models are less competent in providing a preference for each attribute in a set of possible attributes. In this paper we propose a utility based approach: PROAASEL, prospect theory based continuous authentication attribute selection model. The main assumption of our approach is the associated risks for each attribute are pre-defined in terms of known vulnerabilities. The main advantage of our model is the ability to select the attributes based on application specific risk characterizations. We have evaluated PROAASEL using CVE data from [1]. Furthermore, we compared the selection method with existing MCDM techniques TOPSIS and N-model for plausible application scenarios. The results reveal that PROAASEL is more expressive and offer more reliable selection when the associated risks are fixed.
Interactions between thyroid disorders and kidney disease

There are several interactions between thyroid and kidney functions in each other organ's disease states. Thyroid hormones affect renal development and physiology. Thyroid hormones have pre-renal and intrinsic renal effects by which they increase the renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Hypothyroidism is associated with reduced GFR and hyperthyroidism results in increased GFR as well as increased renin – angiotensin – aldosterone activation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a low T3 syndrome which is now considered a part of an atypical nonthyroidal illness. CKD patients also have increased incidence of primary hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. The physiological benefits of a hypothyroid state in CKD, and the risk of CKD progression with hyperthyroidism emphasize on a conservative approach in the treatment of thyroid hormone abnormalities in CKD. Thyroid dysfunction is also associated with glomerulonephritis often by a common autoimmune etiology. Several drugs could affect both thyroid and kidney functions. There are few described interactions between thyroid and renal malignancies. A detailed knowledge of all these interactions is important for both the nephrologists and endocrinologists for optimal management of the patient.
La gobernabilidad de las grandes ciudades: sus condiciones económicas

La ciudad con que llegamos al fi n del siglo parece haber perdido su capacidad de dirigirse hacia un rombo comun elegido por sus ciudadanos y mas bien parece quebrada por el embate del oleaje global. EI nuevo modo de desarrollo y su proceso de globalizacion, tienden a dividirla entre una plataforma moderna, altamente organizada e integrada dinamicamente al mercado mundial, ocupada por una elite prospera y segregada, y un "resto de la ciudad" mayoritario, inorganico, descapitalizado, plagado de problemas sociales y fuente de preocupacion sistemica, sea por razones eticas o electorales. Tal dualizacion parece manifestarse en dos modelos separados pero efectivamente complementarios de discurso y gestion. Para la primera: privatizacion y transnacionalizacion de los servicios, politicas publicas de inversion en infraestructura para asegurar su competitividad, concertacion, valores exitistas ligados al crecimiento y la competitividad. Para la segunda: autoayuda y autogestion local, politicas publicas compensatorias y de contencion del estallido social, manejo clientelar de los recursos, valores de sobrevivencia y solidaridad ligados a la improductividad y la exclusion social. Sin utopias movilizadoras, sin paradigmas creibles, debemos buscar en ese campo de contradicciones un nuevo rombo para nuestras ciudades, que no puede ya ser el que fuera deseable bajo el modo de desarrollo industrial. Se requieren proyectos sociales que – aceptando responsablemente la fuerza y perduracion previsible de las tendencias La gobernabilidad de las grandes ciudades: sus condiciones economicas*
Le leadership des femmes et des hommes au sein des organisations en France : entre perception et réalité

Ce memoire se veut une reflexion sur la dichotomie du genre qui resiste au temps et qui constitue la toile de fond a l'exercice du leadership des hommes et des femmes au sein des organisations en France ainsi qu'a l'ambiguite qui regne quant au leadership feminin. Dans un premier temps, la problematique met d'abord en evidence les aspects historiques de la segregation selon le genre en Occident, et les transformations qui, grâce notamment au mouvement feministe et aux recherches, ont permis aux femmes de se liberer d'un carcan d'exclusions relatif a leur feminitude. Toutefois, malgre les avancees, les stereotypes persistent et encapsulent les femmes leaders contribuant, de ce fait, a la segregation de genre au sein des organisations, notamment dans l'Hexagone ou le retard francais en matiere de recherche empirique portant sur une comparaison de genre relatif au leadership se fait criant selon certains auteurs. Dans un deuxieme temps, a l'interieur du cadre d'analyse, nous avancons les concepts sur lesquels nous avons appuye notre recherche. L'idee principale etant que la conception de la dichotomie de genre, tout comme la construction de l'identite et celle du leadership percue comme etant masculine, resulte d'une co-construction sociale plus que millenaire en France dont la memoire collective est empreinte. Ainsi, les differentes positions adoptees quant au leadership des femmes resultent de reconstructions sociales qui vont justifier soit la segregation, le deni des differences ou la superiorite des femmes leaders en rapport a leurs homologues masculins. Subsequemment, nous avons voulu verifier les ecarts entre les perceptions sur les pratiques du leadership des hommes et des femmes et les croyances quant aux differences existant entre les deux. Pour ce faire, nous avons procede a une etude empirique aupres de cadres francais. Enfin, les resultats corroborent notre hypothese en montrant que les hommes et les femmes font etat de comportements et de valeurs semblables, alors que les femmes en particulier considerent qu'il existe des differences dans les manieres d'exercer le leadership selon le genre. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : Genre, Leadership, Pouvoir, Construction sociale, Imaginaire collectif.
Indels, structural variation, and recombination drive genomic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has a great capacity for evolutionary adaptation to evade host immunity and develop drug resistance. Current understanding of parasite evolution is impeded by the fact that a large fraction of the genome is either highly repetitive or highly variable and thus difficult to analyze using short-read sequencing technologies. Here, we describe a resource of deep sequencing data on parents and progeny from genetic crosses, which has enabled us to perform the first genome-wide, integrated analysis of SNP, indel and complex polymorphisms, using Mendelian error rates as an indicator of genotypic accuracy. These data reveal that indels are exceptionally abundant, being more common than SNPs and thus the dominant mode of polymorphism within the core genome. We use the high density of SNP and indel markers to analyze patterns of meiotic recombination, confirming a high rate of crossover events and providing the first estimates for the rate of non-crossover events and the length of conversion tracts. We observe several instances of meiotic recombination within copy number variants associated with drug resistance, demonstrating a mechanism whereby fitness costs associated with resistance mutations could be compensated and greater phenotypic plasticity could be acquired.
Identification and Characterization of a Nonimmunoglobulin Factor in Human Saliva That Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferase

ABSTRACT Saliva contains an array of nonimmunoglobulin defense factors which are thought to contribute to the protection of the hard and soft tissue surfaces of the oral cavity by modulating microbial colonization and metabolism. Here we report the discovery of a putative innate defense factor in human saliva that inhibits the glucosyltransferase (GTF) of Streptococcus mutans, a virulence enzyme involved in oral colonization by this pathogen. The GTF-inhibiting factor (GIF) was initially identified as a nonimmunoglobulin salivary component that interfered with detection of antibodies to the glucan-binding region (GLU) of GTF by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This inhibitory activity was present in whole saliva and submandibular-sublingual saliva, but it was essentially absent from parotid saliva. GIF inhibited the recognition of S. mutans cell surface-associated GTF by specific antibodies but had no effect on antibodies to other cell surface antigens, suggesting that GIF specifically binds to GTF on S. mutans. GIF purified by size exclusion or affinity chromatography was used for biochemical and functional characterization. Analysis of GIF by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein after staining with Coomassie blue or Schiff's reagent. Heating and reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol of GIF resulted in the release of a ∼58-kDa protein that was identified as α-amylase by Western blotting using anti-α-amylase antibodies. GLU bound blotted α-amylase, suggesting that the latter molecule is the GLU-binding component of the GIF complex. The ability of GTF to synthesize extracellular glucans was inhibited by GIF but not by uncomplexed α-amylase or an unrelated high-molecular-weight glycoprotein. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in human saliva, there is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein-α-amylase complex which is capable of inhibiting GTF and may contribute to control of S. mutans colonization in the oral cavity.
The C‐terminal cytoplasmic Lys‐Thr‐X‐X‐X‐Trp motif in frizzled receptors mediates Wnt/β‐catenin signalling

Frizzled receptors are components of the Wnt signalling pathway, but how they activate the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is not clear. Here we use three distinct vertebrate frizzled receptors (Xfz3, Xfz4 and Xfz7) and describe whether and how their C‐terminal cytoplasmic regions transduce the Wnt/β‐catenin signal. We show that Xfz3 activates this pathway in the absence of exogenous ligands, while Xfz4 and Xfz7 interact with Xwnt5A to activate this pathway. Analysis using chimeric receptors reveals that their C‐terminal cytoplasmic regions are functionally equivalent in Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Furthermore, a conserved motif (Lys‐Thr‐X‐X‐X‐Trp) located two amino acids after the seventh transmembrane domain is required for activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and for membrane relocalization and phosphorylation of Dishevelled. Frizzled receptors with point mutations affecting either of the three conserved residues are defective in Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. These findings provide functional evidence supporting a role of this conserved motif in the modulation of Wnt signalling. They are consistent with the genetic features exhibited by Drosophila Dfz3 and Caenorhabditis elegans mom‐5 in which the tryptophan is substituted by a tyrosine.
Paraumbilical vein patency in cirrhosis: Effects on hepatic hemodynamics evaluated by doppler sonography

Doppler sonographic portal vein parameters are used for the noninvasive evaluation of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. The patency of a paraumbilical vein is a rather frequent finding in cirrhosis, which may affect hepatic hemodynamics and function. We evaluated portal and hepatic arterial parameters in 184 cirrhotic patients with and without a patent paraumbilical vein and the relationships with paraumbilical blood flow. A patent paraumbilical vein was found in 33.7% of patients. The prevalence was higher (56.8%) in Child C patients. Portal blood flow velocity (PBV) (10.8 ± 2.2 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4 cm/sec; P < .01) and volume (PBF) (995.0 ± 383.8 vs. 811.6 ± 318.7 mL/min; P < .001) were significantly higher, and effective portal liver perfusion (PLP) (portal blood flow – paraumbilical blood flow) (621,3 ± 420.8 vs. 811.6 ± 318.7 mL/min; P < .001) was significantly lower in patients with a patent paraumbilical vein than in those without. These differences were more evident in Child C patients (10.7 ± 2.0 vs. 8.3 ± 2.3 cm/sec; 935.7 ± 378.3 vs. 680.6 ± 239.4 mL/min; 369.0 ± 282.0 vs. 680.6 ± 239.4 mL/min). Portal vein diameter, the congestion index (CI) of the portal vein, hepatic arterial resistance indexes, and the severity of esophageal varices did not differ between the two groups. In patients with a patent paraumbilical vein, the Child‐Pugh score and the prevalence of ascites were significantly higher than in those without. In conclusion, the evaluation of PBV and PBF in cirrhotic patients can provide misleading results if a paraumbilical vein is patent, underestimating the degree of portal hypertension. The CI and hepatic arterial resistance indexes are not influenced by the paraumbilical vein patency. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1689‐1694).
Therapeutic face of RNAi: in vivo challenges

Introduction: RNA interference is a sequence-specific gene silencing phenomenon in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can trigger gene transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing. This phenomenon represents an emerging therapeutic approach for in vivo studies by efficient delivery of specific synthetic siRNAs against diseases. Therefore, simultaneous development of synthetic siRNAs along with novel delivery techniques is considered as novel and interesting therapeutic challenges. Areas covered: This review provides a basic explanation to siRNA signaling pathways and their therapeutic challenges. Here, we provide a comprehensive explanation to failed and successful trials and their in vivo challenges. Expert opinion: Specific, efficient and targeted delivery of siRNAs is the major concern for their in vivo administrations. Also, anatomical barriers, drug stability and availability, immunoreactivity and existence of various delivery routes, different genetic backgrounds are major clinical challenges. However, successful administration of siRNA-based drugs is expected during foreseeable features. But, their systemic applications will depend on strong targeted drug delivery strategies.