Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Will your article be found? Authors choose a confusing variety of words to describe dental survival analyses.

OBJECTIVES Identify the words and phrases that authors used to describe time-to-event outcomes of dental treatments in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic handsearch of 50 dental journals with the highest Citation Index for 2008 identified articles reporting dental treatment with time-to-event statistics (included "case" articles, n = 95), without time-to-event statistics (active "control" articles, n = 91), and all other articles (passive "control" articles n = 6796). The included and active controls were read, identifying 43 English words across the title, aim and abstract, indicating that outcomes were studied over time. Once identified, these words were sought within the 6796 passive controls. Words were divided into six groups. Differences in use of words were analyzed with Pearson's chi-square across these six groups, and the three locations (title, aim, and abstract). RESULTS In the abstracts, included articles used group 1 (statistical technique) and group 2 (statistical terms) more frequently than the active and passive controls (group 1: 35%, 2%, 0.37%, P < 0.001 and group 2: 31%, 1%, 0.06%, P < 0.001). The included and active controls used group 3 (quasi-statistical) equally, but significantly more often than the passive controls (82%, 78%, 3.21%, P < 0.001). In the aims, use of target words was similar for included and active controls, but less frequent for groups 1-4 in the passive controls (P < 0.001). In the title, group 2 (statistical techniques) and groups 3-5 (outcomes) were similar for included and active controls, but groups 2 and 3 were less frequent in the passive controls (P < 0.001). Significantly more included articles used group 6 words (stating the study duration) (54%, 30%, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION All included articles used time-to-event analyses, but two-thirds did not include words to highlight this in the abstract. There is great variation in the words authors used to describe dental time-to-event outcomes. Electronic identification of such articles would be inconsistent, with low sensitivity and specificity. Authors should improve the reporting quality. Journals should allow sufficient space in abstracts to summarize research, and not impose unrealistic word limits. Readers should be mindful of these problems when searching for relevant articles. Additional research is required in this field.
Local buried oxide technology for HV transistors integrated in CMOS

Automotive applications require full dielectric isolation of the high voltage and analog components. Such isolation is typically realized by BCD technologies built on SOI. The drawbacks of using SOI wafers, i.e. deviation from the baseline bulk CMOS and increased overall cost, can be addressed by manufacturing local SOI islands in the standard bulk wafer. This paper presents a method to manufacture a local buried oxide using LoBOX technology and its integration to baseline CMOS. Our LoBOX technology is based on a sacrificial SiGe layer buried in bulk substrate and subsequently replaced with oxide. It is a general isolation solution that allows flexible local SOI and local BOX thickness. We have integrated our LoBOX technology in a 130 nm bulk CMOS process to demonstrate its feasibility. The manufactured HV transistors isolated with local BOX, feature almost identical performance as those manufactured on commercial SOI wafers.
Sustainability and Effectiveness of Artisanal Approach to Control Mycotoxins Associated with Sorghum Grains and SorghumBasedFoodinSahelianZoneofCameroon

© 2013 Djoulde Darman, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Sustainability and Effectiveness of Artisanal Approach to Control Mycotoxins Associated with Sorghum Grains and Sorghum Based Food in Sahelian Zone of Cameroon
Assignment of the human glutamate receptor gene GLUR5 to 21q22 by screening a chromosome 21 YAC library.

Ionotropic L-glutamate receptors form transmembrane channels permeant to cations which are involved in synaptic transmission. Nine different subunits coding for non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors have been cloned and sequenced in rat. One of them, the GluR5 subunit, has a high affinity binding site for kainate and is expressed in neurons of the developing and adult nervous system. The permeability of the GluR5 receptor channel is modulated by edition of the transcripts. In human, GluR1 and GluR2 cDNAs have been sequenced and mapped to chromosomes 5 and 4, respectively. Also, GluR3 and GluR4 genes have been mapped to chromosome X and 11, respectively. Screening of the YAC chromosome 21 library was performed by colony hybridization on nylon Hybond-N filters at high stringency, as previously described, with the pore located in the center of the rat cDNA. Two positive colonies were obtained and analyzed for their YAC content by PFGE and Southern blotting. Only one (HY128) contained a 450-kb YAC hybridizing to the central rat cDNA probe as well as to the 5[prime] and 3[prime] end probes. Since GluR5 and GluR6 are highly homologous in rat, a probe in the 3[prime] untranslated region of GluR6, showing low homology to GluR5, was synthetized bymore » PCR. Sequences and positions of the PCR primers on the rat sequence (9) are from 5[prime] to 3[prime]: CGACAGAAGGTTGCCAGGT (sense, position 2690-2708)/GATGTTCTGCCTTCAGTTCCAC (antisense, 3314-3335). HY128 YAC did not hybridize to the GluR6 probe (data not shown). Southern blot of human genomic DNA and yeast DNA from HY128 clone cut with EcoRI and HindIII showed the same bands of more than 10 and 6.6 kb, respectively, when hybridized to the 3[prime] end rat cDNA probe (data not shown). This last result confirms the presence of human GluR5 gene in HY128. « less
Dual decode architecture for dynamic branch prediction

One of the old techniques for performance improvements is branch prediction. As the branch misprediction rate has reached less than 0.01 for certain techniques, it is safe to say that current branch prediction techniques are very efficient. But for certain critical applications a small misprediction also poses a problem. In this paper, a new prediction technique is discussed which always predicts the branch correctly. This technique works well for else if loop at the cost of increased hardware resources.
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty with dehydrated, 4 °C-stored, and rehydrated lenticules.

PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of 124 consecutive deep anterior lamellar keratoplasties (DALK) performed by using dehydrated, 4 °C stored, and rehydrated lenticules. METHODS A total of 124 eyes of 109 patients, which had undergone DALK from August 11, 2000, to December 13, 2007, were included in our retrospective study; 88 cases were male and 36 female, with a mean age of 39.45±15.52 years (range 6-85). A total of 109 (87.9%) had keratoconus, 7 (5.6%) had deep or superficial corneal scar, 3 (2.4%) had epikeratophakia, 3 (2.4%) had pellucid degeneration, 1 (0.8%) a malignant pterygium, and 1 (0.8%) had a severe alkali burn. All the patients underwent ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central ultrasound pachymetry, computerized topography, specular microscope endothelial cell count, and confocal microscopy. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 23.9±3.4 months. The mean preoperative BCVA was 0.16±0.18; the postoperative BCVA was 0.68±0.20 after 2 years. The mean preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) was 439.4±10.5 µm; after 2 years, it was 532.1±9.7 µm. The mean preoperative endothelial cell count (ECC) was 2301.3±180.2 cells/mm2; after 2 years it was 1986.0±169.5 with a decrease of 13.7%. Baring of Descemet membrane (DM) during DALK was achieved in 112 (90.32%) eyes; 4 eyes (3.26%) had a large perforation of the DM with consequent PK. Small intraoperative perforation of DM during DALK occurred in 18 cases (14.52%). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the method of preservation and distribution of dehydrated, 4 °C stored, and rehydrated lenticules is safe, cheap, and simple. Furthermore, it does not appear to influence the outcomes of the DALK surgery.
CUSTOS IRREVERSÍVEIS, LEIS DE CUSTOS E GERÊNCIA DE PROJETOS - A VIABILIDADE DE UM PROCESSO DE MUDANÇA

Este artigo tem o objetivo de expor a relevância do papel desempenhado pelos custos irreversiveis ou irrecuperaveis nas escolhas estrategicas das empresas industriais que se submetem a um processo de mudanca. Na introducao, define-se o conceito de custos irreversiveis no contexto de um modelo que permite estabelecer condicoes de entrada ou de barreiras a entrada sem se referir a um conceito de equilibrio intertemporal, caracteristico de um regime regular de producao. Logo apos, apresentamos as distincoes entre esse regime e aquele denominado transitorio ou irregular. Em terceiro lugar, enunciamos a nova acepcao das nocoes de custos e produtos de Alchian, assim como as leis de custos estabelecidas por esse autor. Em seguida, destacamos o perfil de um processo de producao empreendido por uma empresa industrial inovadora, focalizando a viabilidade estrategia de um tal processo de mudanca. Na quinta parte, descrevemos a experiencia em materia de gestao de recursos humanos realizada pela Digital Equipment, na perspectiva de um enriquecimento das competencias e de uma ampliacao das opcoes produtivas da empresa. Finalmente, sob o ponto de vista da disciplina Gerencia de Projetos, nos mostramos a diferenca entre os efeitos causados pelos custos irreversiveis e pela necessidade de capital de giro sobre a curva de custos acumulados. Concluimos, ainda, que os custos irrecuperaveis devem ser levados em consideracao ao se utilizar aplicativos tais como MS Project ou CA superproject para aceleracao de projetos.
Spontaneous Facial Expression Recognition using Sparse Representation

Facial expression is the most natural means for human beings to communicate their emotions. Most facial expression analysis studies consider the case of acted expressions. Spontaneous facial expression recognition is significantly more challenging since each person has a different way to react to a given emotion. We consider the problem of recognizing spontaneous facial expression by learning discriminative dictionaries for sparse representation. Facial images are represented as a sparse linear combination of prototype atoms via Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm. Sparse codes are then used to train an SVM classifier dedicated to the recognition task. The dictionary that sparsifies the facial images (feature points with the same class labels should have similar sparse codes) is crucial for robust classification. Learning sparsifying dictionaries heavily relies on the initialization process of the dictionary. To improve the performance of dictionaries, a random face feature descriptor based on the Random Projection concept is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through several experiments on the spontaneous facial expressions DynEmo database. It is also estimated on the well-known acted facial expressions JAFFE database for a purpose of comparison with state-of-the-art methods.
The effect of FK 506 and CyA on the Lewis rat renal ischemia model.

The new immunosuppressant FK 506 shows great promise as a powerful means of inducing long-term allograft acceptance in a clinical setting.1–5 This drug has been shown to be several hundred times more potent than CyA in its immunosuppressive effects.1, 6 In vitro and in vivo studies have also shown synergism between the actions of FK 506 and CyA.3,4,7 The exact basis of this synergism has not yet been elucidated: however, it is known that both drugs inhibit T cell response at the level of IL-2 production and recognition.1,6,8,9 Since these agents may have similar pharmacologic actions, we explored the possibility that they might share similar toxicities. One well-known side effect of CyA administration is nephrotoxicity, which can occur in acute or chronic forms.10–12 The acute form of nephrotoxicity can be exacerbated by concomitant warm ischemia in the case of renal transplantation.13 The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of FK 506 on the ischemic kidney in a rat model. We hypothesized that the drug would show effects similar to that seen with CyA. Further, we considered the possibility that the coadministration of CyA and FK 506 to the acutely ischemic kidney could have additive toxicity. Such synergistic toxicity would have implications for the use of this combination of drugs in the early management of renal transplant patients.
The Influence of Excipients on the Stability of the Moisture Sensitive Drugs Aspirin and Niacinamide: Comparison of Tablets Containing Lactose Monohydrate with Tablets Containing Anhydrous Lactose

The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that in tablet formulations, moisture-sensitive drugs formulated with lactose monohydrate have the same stability as formulations containing anhydrous lactose, and to characterize the kinetics of niacinamide degradation in the solid state. Aspirin and niacinamide decomposition were used as indicators of stability. Aspirin and niacinamide tablets containing either lactose monohydrate or anhydrous lactose were separately investigated at different temperatures and relative humidities; the stability tests were done at 25°C – 60% RH, 40°C – 80% RH, 60°C – 60% RH, 60°C – 80% RH, and 80°C – 80% RH. Official U.S. Pharmacopeia methods were used for the aspirin and niacinamide assays. Statistical analysis showed that tablets containing lactose monohydrate have the same stability as tablets containing anhydrous lactose, which means that even though water is present in the crystal structure, the bound water does not influence the reaction rate. In addition, niacinamide degradation in the solid-state can be described by a third order rate equation.
Overexpression of Wnt7a Is Associated With Tumor Progression and Unfavorable Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer

Background Wnt7a is a secreted glycoprotein that regulates normal cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as tumorigenesis and progression. The aim of the present study was to detect the level of expression of Wnt7a in endometrial cancer and explore its role in progression and prognosis of endometrial cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of Wnt7a in 244 endometrial cancer specimens, in 48 benign endometrial lesion specimens, and 43 normal endometrium specimens. &khgr;2 Analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis were applied for statistical analysis. Results Wnt7a was overexpressed in endometrial cancer compared with normal endometrium and benign endometrial lesion (both P < 0.001). Wnt7a expression was correlated with histological grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, depth of myometrial invasion, vascular/lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis. The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that Wnt7a expression was associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of endometrial cancer. The survival of negative expression Wnt7a group had longer OS and DFS compared with the group with positive expression. The difference was significant (both P < 0.001, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Wnt7a expression status was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS (P = 0.034 and P = 0.009, respectively) of patients with endometrial cancer. Conclusions Overexpression of Wnt7a may contribute to the progression of endometrial cancer and thus may serve as a new biomarker to predict the prognosis of endometrial cancer.
Asymmetrical cladding quantum dash mode-locked laser for Terahertz wide frequency comb

We have developed a quantum dash (QDs) mode locked laser (MLL) using an asymmetrical cladding for high frequencies microwave generation. The laser exhibits more than 400 mW output power. The optical comb is 9.2 nm wide with 10 GHz free spectral range. Thanks to optical compression we have increased the signal to noise ratio by 25 dB. The MLL can be locked on an external source. We have demonstrated RF lines from 10 to 120 GHz with 10 GHz spacing.
Potential antioxidant, genoprotective and neuroprotective effect of spent coffee

Cada dia se consumen en el mundo millones de tazas de cafe dando lugar a toneladas de residuos (posos). El cafe es muy rico en antioxidantes, pero parte de ellos, podria permanecer en los posos despues de la preparacion de la bebida. Por esta razon, el objetivo del presente trabajo de investigacion fue evaluar el potencial efecto antioxidante, genoprotector y neuroprotector de los posos del cafe e identificar los principales compuestos responsables (acidos clorogenicos, cafeina y melanoidinas). Para ello, se aplicaron tanto analisis quimicos (ABTS, DPPH, polifenoles totales, y espectroscopia de resonancia) como ensayos en cultivos celulares (MTT, ROS y ensayo del cometa) a los extractos de posos de cafe Arabica (Guatemala) y Robusta (Vietnam) (tueste medio) para generar evidencias cientificas que apoyen sus efectos beneficiosos para la salud. Previamente, la extraccion con agua a pH neutro (pH 7.0) en una cafetera de filtro (24g/400mL) se propuso como el mejor metodo para obtener extractos de posos de cafe con alta capacidad antioxidante. Todos los extractos de posos de cafe procedentes de las cafeteras de uso mas frecuente (filtro, expreso, embolo), con excepcion de los obtenidos a partir de la cafetera moka, tuvieron una alta capacidad antioxidante por la presencia de compuestos antioxidantes hidrofilicos, tanto fenolicos (acidos mono- y dicafeolquinicos) como no fenolicos. Los posos de cafe procedentes de las cafeteras filtro y expreso fueron de 4 a 7 veces mas ricos en acidos dicafeoilquinicos (3,31-5,79 mg/g posos de cafe) que sus respectivas bebidas de cafe (0,22-1,94 mg/g cafe). La capacidad antioxidante de los extractos acuosos de posos de cafe fue 46,0-102,3 % (filtro), 59,2- 85,6 % (expreso), y <42 % (embolo) en comparacion con sus respectivas bebidas. Los resultados obtenidos con los cultivos celulares apoyaron los obtenidos con los ensayos quimicos. En las celulas humanas HeLa (cancer de cuello de utero), los extractos de posos de cafe mostraron una alta proteccion frente al dano oxidativo inducido por el H2O2, como se revelo por el descenso intracelular de las especies reactivas de oxigeno y frente a las roturas en el ADN (29-73 % proteccion). En menor medida, los posos de cafe tambien protegieron del dano oxidativo inducido en el ADN (lugares sensibles a la enzima FPG, 11,5 % proteccion). Sin embargo, los extractos de posos de cafe no fueron capaces de proteger a las celulas de neuroblastoma ni antes ni despues del proceso de digestion in vitro. En conclusion, los posos de cafe pueden ser considerados una buena fuente de compuestos hidrofilicos bioactivos con propiedades antioxidantes y genoprotectoras en celulas humanas, revelando su potencial aplicacion en la industria alimentaria y farmaceutica, o para proveer nuevas estrategias en la proteccion de enfermedades relacionadas con el estres oxidativo.
Characterization of mechanisms involved in adherence of Haemophilus ducreyi to eukaryotic cells

The adherence of Haemophilus ducreyi to eukaryotic cells of various origins was investigated by means of a microassay using radiolabelled bacteria. The influence of physicochemical conditions and of different inhibitors on adherence to HEp‐2 cells and human fibroblasts was examined. H. ducreyi strains manifested substantial adherence capacity (range, 11–38% of inoculum) to different cells, not discriminating between human and animal origin. The level of adherence was temperature‐dependent, being substantially decreased by incubation at 4°C, but was unaffected in the pH range 4–10. The adherence level was significantly reduced in the presence of sodium chloride or tetramethylurea (a hydrophobic bond‐breaking agent). In addition, H. ducreyi bacteria manifested a pronounced capacity for binding Congo red to the surface, in comparison with the low binding ability of H. influenzae type b. This further indicates hydrophobic domains to be accessible on the surface of H. ducreyi. Inhibition studies with bacterial EDTA extract, sialic acid, heparin and heparan sulphate resulted in a significant reduction in adherent bacteria. However, adherence was not inhibited with crude 24 kDa pili material, LOS of H. ducreyi or fibronectin. Neither crude nor purified 24 kDa protein of H. ducreyi bacteria showed any capacity to bind monolayers of HEp‐2, HeLa or human fibroblasts cells, as tested by immunoblot using specific polyclonal antibodies. The overall results suggest that adherence of H. ducreyi to eukaryotic cells is not specific to a particular cell type, human or animal. Adherence to HEp‐2 cells involves a multiplicity of factors such as ionic and hydrophobic forces, and can be mediated by tissue heparin/heparan sulfate proteoglycans. However, specific binding to HEp‐2 cells does not seem to be mediated by the 24 kDa pili protein of H. ducreyi.
Denken und Urteilen unter Unsicherheit : Kognitive Heustiken

Wenn Sie ein Buch zum Thema Denken und Entscheiden aufschlagen, konnen Sie damit rechnen, dass Ihnen folgender Leitsatz begegnet: Vernunftiges Denken basiert auf den Gesetzen der Logik, der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung oder der Maximierung des erwarteten Nutzens; andernfalls liegt ein kognitiver Fehler oder ein motivationales Problem vor. Glauben Sie dieses Marchen nicht! Aus mathematischer Sicht sind Logik und Wahrscheinlichkeit schone und elegante Systeme. Aber sie beschreiben nicht, wie Menschen wirklich urteilen – einschlieslich der Autoren einschlagiger Bucher. Ein Entscheidungstheoretiker der Columbia Universitat uberlegte hin und her, ob er den Ruf einer anderen Universitat annehmen sollte oder nicht. Sein Kollege nahm ihn beiseite und empfahl: „Maximiere doch einfach deinen erwarteten Nutzen – du schreibst doch immer daruber. “ Darauf entgegnete der Professor entnervt: „Hor auf damit – das ist jetzt ernst! “ Wir mochten Ihnen das Forschungsgebiet „kognitive Heuristiken“ vorstellen, das sich mit der Frage beschaftigt, wie Menschen im Alltag tatsachlich urteilen und entscheiden – meist ohne Wahrscheinlichkeiten und Nutzen zu berechnen. Der Begriff Heuristik hat seine Wurzeln im Altgriechischen, wo das Verb „heuriskein“ finden bedeutet, und wird heutzutage vor allem im Sinne von „leitet Entdeckung“ oder „verbessert Problemlosen“ verwendet (Groner, Groner & Bischof, 1983). Im Titel eines spater nobelpreisgekronten Artikels von 1905 sprach Albert Einstein von einem heuristischen Gesichtspunkt und meinte damit eine Idee, die aufgrund unseres begrenzten Wissens unvollstandig, aber nutzlich ist (Holton, 1988). Auch der Gestaltpsychologe Karl Duncker (1935) stellte fest: „im echten Denkprozes spielen eine entscheidende Rolle gewisse heuristische „Methoden“, die das Entstehen der sukzessiven Losungsphasen vermitteln“ (S.28). Fur den Mathematiker Polya (1954) von der Universitat Stanford war heuristisches Denken ebenso unentbehrlich wie analytisches Denken – zum Beispiel bei der Suche nach einem mathematischen Beweis. Das Aufkommen der Computerprogrammierung verlieh heuristischen Methoden neue Bedeutung. Es wurde klar, dass Computer die Antworten auf die meisten halbwegs wichtigen Fragen nicht berechnen konnen. Weder kennen wir die optimale Losung noch eine Methode, sie zu ermitteln. Dies gilt selbst fur so klar definierte Probleme wie Schach, das klassische Computerspiel Tetris oder das Traveling Salesman Problem (Michalewicz & Fogel, 2000). Die gleiche Unsicherheit besteht bei weniger klar strukturierten Problemen – etwa welches Stellenangebot man annehmen, in welche Aktie man investieren und wen man heiraten sollte. Aber auch wenn keine optimale Losung zu erkennen ist, sind wir nicht zur Untatigkeit verdammt oder zum Scheitern verurteilt. Mithilfe von Heuristiken konnen wir gute Losungen finden.