Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A regularization framework for active learning from imbalanced data

We consider the problem of building a viable multiclass classification system that minimizes training data, is robust to noisy, imbalanced samples, and outputs confidence scores along with its predications. These goals address critical steps along the entire classification pipeline that pertain to collecting data, training, and classifying. To this end, we investigate the merits of a classification framework that uses a robust algorithm known as Regularized Least Squares (RLS) as its basic classifier. We extend RLS to account for data imbalances, perform efficient active learning, and output confidence scores. Each of these extensions is a new result that combines with our other findings to give an altogether novel and effective classification system. Our first set of results investigates various ways to handle multiclass data imbalances and ultimately leads to a derivation of a weighted version of RLS with and without an offset term. Weighting RLS provides an effective countermeasure to imbalanced data and facilitates the automatic selection of a regularization parameter through exact and efficient calculation of the Leave One Out error. Next, we present two methods that estimate multiclass confidence from an asymptotic analysis of RLS and another method that stems from a Bayesian interpretation of the classifier. We show that while the third method incorporates more information in its estimate, the asymptotic methods are more accurate and resilient to imperfect kernel and regularization parameter choices. Finally, we present an active learning extension of RLS (ARLS) that uses our weighting methods to overcome imbalanced data. ARLS is particularly adept to this task because of its intelligent selection scheme. Thesis Supervisor: Tomaso A. Poggio Title: Eugene McDermott Professor in the Brain Sciences Thesis Supervisor: Lorenzo A. Rosasco Title: IIT-MIT Visiting Faculty
Self-Regulated Learning: The Educational Legacy of Paul R. Pintrich

Paul R. Pintrich was a leading figure in the field of self-regulated learning. This article discusses some of Paul's major contributions: (a) formulating a conceptual framework for studying self-regulated learning comprising phases (forethought, planning, activation; monitoring; control; reaction, reflection) and areas for self-regulation (cognition, motivation, behavior, context); (b) emphasizing the role of motivation in self-regulation; (c) conducting research linking learning, motivation, and self-regulation; (d) exploring the development of and interventions to enhance self-regulatory processes; (e) investigating how the complexities of classrooms and schools affect self-regulation; and (f) helping to develop the MSLQ to assess self-regulated learning, cognition, and motivation. Paul's writings provide ideas for future research on self-regulated learning. Paul Pintrich left a rich legacy through his theoretical elaboration, exemplary research, dissemination and advocacy, and personal and professional friendships.
Search fields for radical innovations involving market research

Strong market orientation is essential for innovation success! Although both academics and market research practitioners would generally accept this statement, alignment with the needs of the customer often results in conservative innovation strategies. Due to their focus on what is currently on offer in the marketplace, customers primarily demand so-called incremental innovations. Companies however, want to develop entry points for radical innovations. The identification of radical innovations is a difficult task whose implementation is often associated with significant risk. It is questionable if market research can alone allow innovation management to develop attractive search fields for radical innovations and if it can also contribute to the reduction of the risk that such innovations inherently possess. Closer observation shows that the market research methods used today for the discovery of radical innovations in the form of new market/technology combinations possess only limited suitability. Empirical tests verify that success-fully innovative companies often don't use such methods, rather they involve specifically qualified, innovative knowledge carriers early-on in the process such as Lead Users or external experts with relevant knowledge from analogous markets in the search for innovations. When searching for applications for radical innovations, market researchers should initially concentrate on the question of who they address as the information source. How successful the process of involving experts is and how well supported through the methodology it is, depends heavily on the specific factors and conditions related to the pro-ject planning.
Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Activity Monitors During Common Daily Physical Activities and Types of Structured Exercise: Evaluation Study

Background Wrist-worn activity monitors are often used to monitor heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) in a variety of settings including more recently in medical applications. The use of real-time physiological signals to inform medical systems including drug delivery systems and decision support systems will depend on the accuracy of the signals being measured, including accuracy of HR and EE. Prior studies assessed accuracy of wearables only during steady-state aerobic exercise. Objective The objective of this study was to validate the accuracy of both HR and EE for 2 common wrist-worn devices during a variety of dynamic activities that represent various physical activities associated with daily living including structured exercise. Methods We assessed the accuracy of both HR and EE for two common wrist-worn devices (Fitbit Charge 2 and Garmin vívosmart HR+) during dynamic activities. Over a 2-day period, 20 healthy adults (age: mean 27.5 [SD 6.0] years; body mass index: mean 22.5 [SD 2.3] kg/m2; 11 females) performed a maximal oxygen uptake test, free-weight resistance circuit, interval training session, and activities of daily living. Validity was assessed using an HR chest strap (Polar) and portable indirect calorimetry (Cosmed). Accuracy of the commercial wearables versus research-grade standards was determined using Bland-Altman analysis, correlational analysis, and error bias. Results Fitbit and Garmin were reasonably accurate at measuring HR but with an overall negative bias. There was more error observed during high-intensity activities when there was a lack of repetitive wrist motion and when the exercise mode indicator was not used. The Garmin estimated HR with a mean relative error (RE, %) of −3.3% (SD 16.7), whereas Fitbit estimated HR with an RE of −4.7% (SD 19.6) across all activities. The highest error was observed during high-intensity intervals on bike (Fitbit: −11.4% [SD 35.7]; Garmin: −14.3% [SD 20.5]) and lowest error during high-intensity intervals on treadmill (Fitbit: −1.7% [SD 11.5]; Garmin: −0.5% [SD 9.4]). Fitbit and Garmin EE estimates differed significantly, with Garmin having less negative bias (Fitbit: −19.3% [SD 28.9], Garmin: −1.6% [SD 30.6], P<.001) across all activities, and with both correlating poorly with indirect calorimetry measures. Conclusions Two common wrist-worn devices (Fitbit Charge 2 and Garmin vívosmart HR+) show good HR accuracy, with a small negative bias, and reasonable EE estimates during low to moderate-intensity exercise and during a variety of common daily activities and exercise. Accuracy was compromised markedly when the activity indicator was not used on the watch or when activities involving less wrist motion such as cycle ergometry were done.
Models of a 750 GeV quarkonium and the LHC excesses

We investigate models involving a vector-like quark X, which forms a 750 GeV bound state and reproduces the observed diphoton signals at the LHC, in connection with other excesses in the LHC data. An exotic hypercharge of -4/3 is required to fit the signal cross section, which indicates that there is additional particle(s) that mediates the decay of X in the full theory. We find that, introducing an SU(2) doublet vector-like quark of mass around 600 GeV in our UV-complete framework can accommodate not only the diphoton but also the on-Z excess (and potentially a slight excess in the monojet events). Our models also include a dark matter candidate. The most useful way to probe the models at the LHC is via monojet searches. The relic dark matter density is largely determined by coannihilation effects, and indirect detection of dark matter annihilation signals is the alternative and complementary probe of our models.
Stress, the brain and behavior: what is the influence of food?

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Behavioral disturbances in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Side effects of chemotherapy, stress and experiencing painful situation probably have been made children with ALL vulnerable to behavioral disorder, but there is no agreement for this, in the literature. The main purpose of the study was investigated how treatment of malignancy and its side effects lead to behavioral disturbance. One hundred and ten (girls=53; boys=57) children with ALL and one hundred and sixteen healthy child (girls=44; boys=72) compare to each other by Disruptive Behavior, Beck Depression Inventory disorder, Children’s level of inhibition and anxiety symptoms. Children with ALL displayed difficulties in some aspects of behaviors, especially in behavioral inhibitory. There was no discrepancy between cancer group and control in anxiety and depression. Children with high anxiety and depression reveal more disruptive behavior disorder and behavioral inhibition. The data demonstrated there was very strong relation between duration of hospital stay and behavior disruption in both of sex. This study suggested to health providers to set interventions for decreasing behavioral problems due to treatment of ALL. [Manijeh Firoozi, Abbas Ghaeed Rahmat. Behavioral disturbances in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Life Sci J 2013;10(1):2897‐2902] (ISSN:1097‐8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 351
Diabetes and Pregnancy Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee

• All women with pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes should receive preconception care to optimize glycemic control, assess for complications, review medications and begin folic acid supplementation. • Effective contraception should be provided until the woman is ready for pregnancy. • Care by an interprofessional diabetes health-care team composed of a diabetes nurse educator, dietitian, obstetrician and endocrinologist/internist with expertise in diabetes, both prior to conception and during pregnancy, has been shown to minimize maternal and fetal risks in women with pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes. • Women should aim for a glycated hemoglobin (A1C) of ≤7.0% (ideally ≤6.5% if possible) when planning pregnancy, or ≤6.5% (ideally ≤6.1% if possible) during pregnancy. • Women should consider the use of the continuous glucose monitor during pregnancy to improve glycemic control and neonatal outcomes.
DIFERENÇAS DOS FATORES DE RISCO INTERNO E EXTERNO EM FUNÇÃO DO TIPO DE CONTRATO

Este artigo mostra que, de acordo com a natureza dos fatores de risco envolvidos nos projetos da industria da construcao, com a modalidade contratual e a responsabilidade estabelecida entre contratante e contratada, um fator de risco considerado como interno pode se tornar externo conforme a otica da sua avaliacao. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizada primeiramente a pesquisa bibliografica e em seguida o Metodo de Estudo de Caso, onde foram identificados os fatores de risco interno e externo na fase de construcao e montagem de uma obra de estrutura metalica sob o ponto de vista da contratada, considerando o custo da instalacao. O tipo de contrato acordado entre as partes foi a preco fixo (servicos, material e mao de obra) por valor unitario. O objetivo e mostrar as mudancas que ocorrem nos fatores de riscos externos e internos em projetos do segmento da industria da construcao e montagem em funcao da modalidade contratual e do arranjo contratual estabelecido pelas partes envolvidas, mostrando as diferencas nas avaliacoes.
The Effect of Probiotics on Human Gastrointestinal Microbial Communities

The human microbiome is home to roughly 100 trillion microbial, which have been shown to assist in various host physiological functions. Research shows that probiotic consumption may benefit host health. Therefore this is a two part study: project I is a study determining the effects of yogurt (probiotic) consumption on GI microbial structure and diversity, and project II is a study examining the effects of probiotic pill consumption has on stress response (cortisol) for healthy human test subjects exposed to a stressor. In chapter II we used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, Sanger sequencing, and qPCR to characterize microbial communities of the GI tract. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses, Shannon Wiener diversity index values, and qPCR (targeting Lactobacillus) analysis showed a temporal influence on microbial community, diversity and absolute abundance of Lactobacillus on human test subjects that consumed 250g of yogurt per day for 42 consecutive days. In chapter III, we quantitated Lactobacillus using qPCR and determined stress response (via cortisol) using a salivary enzyme immune assay (EIA). Results from this study showed a decrease in stress response and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in individuals that consumed one probiotic pill per day for 30 consecutive days. In comparison, the control group showed no changes in stress response or Lactobacillus. Results from this study suggest the potential for probiotics as therapeutic treatment for host physiological function and stress response. However, further research is necessary to determine the effects probiotics have on human test subject.
A critical analysis of manufacturing capabilities measurement in manufacturing strategy studies

This paper offers a critique of manufacturing performance measurement approaches investigated by previous studies particularly in trade-off modelling studies for manufacturing capabilities. We argue that some studies complete validity analyses of the trade-off model using measures of manufacturing performance that are inconsistent with the trade-off theoretical concept. The paper also seeks to synthesize the relationship between the cumulative capabilities model and the trade-off model within the context of the performance frontiers theory. The results of this analysis seek to advance theory development in this arena, yielding specific and novel research topics and proposals for future studies
USING ATOMIC FORCE M ~ CROSCOPY TO STUDY SOIL REACTIONS

Within the realm of modern science, many of the most challenging fields of endeavor involve interfuces. Not only are interfaces highly complex environments in and of themselves, they also require interdisciplinary research in a time of increased specialization. Soils are the quintessential interfaces at the earth’s surface, for they are the links connecting the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the geosphere, and the biosphere. Soil particles, with their high surface-area-to-volume ratios, present practically infinite environments for interaction. Yet, the structures, chemical compositions, and chemical reactivities of soil mineral surfaces remain but poorly understood. Over the past few decades, new techniques and approaches have evolved to probe the complex natures of mineral surfaces and surficial interactions. Sophisticated surface-sensitive technologies, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), low-energy electron diffraction
OS DESAFIOS, AS LIMITAÇÕES E AS PERSPECTIVAS DO MODELO DO ÍNDICE DE COMPETITIVIDADE TURÍSTICA NO CONTEXTO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE TURISMO BRASILEIRA

: The objective of this paper is to analyse the challenges, limitations and perspectives of the model of the Tourism Competitiveness Index within the context of Brazilian tourism national policy. The research methodology included documentary and bibliography analysis and participant observation, as well as interviews with 14 representatives of the Ministry of Tourism, the National Sebrae and the Getulio Vargas Foundation, institutions responsible for creating the Index. Among the highlighted limitations, is the excess of uniformity in data collection and analysis; the omission of the opinion of the demand and the unanimous view that the results of the Competitiveness Index are still underutilized by the destinations and other interested institutions, such as the Ministry of Tourism. As for the challenges and perspectives, it was pointed out that the Index does not consider the opinion of the demand. The sample of the then 65 destinations was, in principle, defined as part of a national tourism policy strategy, which has been discontinued. The destinations are no longer classified as inductors. Therefore, the Tourism Competitiveness Index has become just a tool for monitoring or diagnosing the destinations.
on Chinese Orientation Analysis

张猛,彭一凡,樊扬,李丹,林小俊,吴玺宏 北京大学言语听觉研究中心,北京,100871 E-mail: {zhangm, pengyf, fanyang, lidan, linxj, wxh}@cis.pku. edu.cn 摘 要:文本倾向性分析是自然语言处理中的一个热点问题。 本文介绍了一套中文文本倾向性分析的方法, 它包括词法分析和倾向性判别两个步骤。 在词法分析中,基于条件随机场模型,对输入的文本进行分词和 命名实体识别的一体化处理,从而有效地提高了分析性能。 在倾向性判别中,从词汇、句子和篇章三个不 同层次进行分析。 其中在词汇层次上采用最大熵模型,根据上下文信息进行情感词识别和极性判别。 在句 子层次上根据构建的属性列表抽取评价对象,并通过修饰词判断其倾向性。 在篇章层次上,以词汇判别结 果为基础,采用支持向量机模型,融合多种信息对文本的主客观和极性进行判别。 最后,本文在搜索引擎 中加入文本倾向性分析功能,在检索到相关文档的同时,得到其褒贬倾向。 关键词:词法分析一体化,情感词,倾向性分析
Multi-Scale Gaussian Mixtures for Cross-species Study

 Abstract — Cross-species studies using microarray gene expressions help discover genetic diversity among different species, the results of which are fundamental to comparative genomics. Various approaches have been used for cross-species studies, such as homogeneity test and cluster analysis. A homogeneity test provides a homogeneity significance ranking for each gene pair whilst cluster analysis looks at the discovery of co-expressed meta-genes. We propose a unified method to extract both homogeneous and heterogeneous expression patterns across species. The basic idea is to model the sum and difference of expressions across species using multi-scale Gaussians which reveal information about homogeneous and heterogeneous expression patterns respectively. We show using both simulated and real data that the proposed method is suited to identifying both homogeneous and heterogeneous gene expression patterns.
LX-LR4DistSemEval: a collection of language resources for the evaluation of distributional semantic models of Portuguese

In this paper we describe a collection of publicly available data sets for Portuguese that are suitable for the evaluation of distributional semantics models in lexical similarity tasks and in conceptual categorization tasks. These data sets were adapted from English gold-standard test sets, allowing any Portuguese distributional semantics model to be evaluated and also to be compared to mainstream results that have been obtained for this language. We also present an online service that showcases some functionalities of the distributional semantics models.
Study on a Method for Leading People to Choose HSST by Behavior and Psychological Simulation

Transportation infrastructure predominantly supports regional development. This study focuses on a plan to construct High Speed Surface Transportation (HSST), a new magnetic levitation type of transit system in Shiga prefecture. Comprehensive consideration, is needed to plan a new transit system in a local area, not only from the technical and financial aspects, but also from its social influence. In this study, the social psychology research method was applied by a questionnaire survey to explore the factors that lead people to choose and accept HSST in the future. The study tests the fit of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by the Structure Equation Model (SEM) with the information from the residents of Otsu City and Kusatsu City. Results show that the data fit the TPB model moderately well and explain the residents' intentions in accepting the transit. Perceived behavior control, as a construct of TPB, was found to be most closely related to the intentions. This study could be a meaningful experiment for adapting the social psychology theory to transportation planning. Finally, recommendations are proposed based on the results of the model to ensure future ridership.JEL Classification: R53, R41
SFB 823 A subsampled double bootstrap for massive data

The bootstrap is a popular and powerful method for assessing precision of estimators and inferential methods. However, for massive datasets which are increasingly prevalent, the bootstrap becomes prohibitively costly in computation and its feasibility is questionable even with modern parallel computing platforms. Recently Kleiner, Talwalkar, Sarkar, and Jordan (2014) proposed a method called BLB (Bag of Little Bootstraps) for massive data which is more computationally scalable with little sacrifice of statistical accuracy. Building on BLB and the idea of fast double bootstrap, we propose a new resampling method, the subsampled double bootstrap, for both independent data and time series data. We establish consistency of the subsampled double bootstrap under mild conditions for both independent and dependent cases. Methodologically, the subsampled double bootstrap is superior to BLB in terms of running time, more sample coverage and automatic implementation with less tuning parameters for a given time budget. Its advantage relative to BLB and bootstrap is also demonstrated in numerical simulations and a data illustration.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF A CACIA ( FABACEAE : MIMOSOIDEAE ) BASED ON THE CHLOROPLAST MAT K CODING SEQUENCE AND FLANKING TRN K INTRON SPACER REGIONS 1

The tribe Acacieae (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) contains two genera, the monotypic African Faidherbia and the pantropical Acacia, which comprise about 1200 species with over 950 confined to Australia. As currently recognized, the genus Acacia is subdivided into three subgenera: subg. Acacia, subg. Aculeiferum, and the predominantly Australian subg. Phyllodineae. Morphological studies have suggested the tribe Acacieae and genus Acacia are artificial and have a close affinity to the tribe Ingeae. Based on available data there is no consensus on whether Acacia should be subdivided. Sequence analysis of the chloroplast trnK intron, including the matK coding region and flanking noncoding regions, indicate that neither the tribe Acacieae nor the genus Acacia are monophyletic. Two subgenera are monophyletic; section Filicinae of subgenus Aculeiferum does not group with taxa of the subgenus. Section Filicinae, eight Ingeae genera, and Faidherbia form a weakly supported paraphyletic grade with respect to subg. Phyllodineae. Acacia subg. Aculeiferum (s. s.) is sister to the grade. These data suggest that characters currently used to differentiate taxa at the tribal, generic, and subgeneric levels are polymorphic and homoplasious in cladistic analyses.
メラノサイト系腫瘍におけるGrowth factor receptorの局在

メラノサイト系腫瘍におけるGrowth factor receptorの局在をNGF-R と EGF-Rに対するモノクローナル抗体を用いて免疫組織学的に検討した。 NGF-Rは胎児・正常メラノサイトでは陰性で色素性母斑のごく一部に陽性でメラノーマでは約50%の症例で陽性であった。 一方, EGF-Rはすべて陰性であった。 NGF-Rの発現とメラノサイト系細胞の悪性化との関連が窺われた。