Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Century of Economics and Engineering at Stanford

This article documents the disciplinary exchanges between economists and engineers at Stanford throughout the twentieth century. We outline the role of key scholars such as Kenneth Arrow and Robert Wilson, as well as engineers turned administrators like Frederick Terman. We show that engineers drew upon economic theories of decision and allocation to improve practical industrial management decisions. Reciprocally, economists found in engineering the tools that they needed to rethink production and growth theory (including linear programming, optimal control theory, an epistemology of “application” that emphasized awareness to institutional details, trials and errors and experiments). By the 2000s, they had turned into economic engineers designing markets and other allocation mechanisms. These cross-disciplinary exchanges were mediated by Stanford’s own institutional culture, notably its use of joint appointments, the development of multidisciplinary “programs” for students, the ability to attract a variety of visitors every year, the entrepreneurial and contract-oriented vision of its administrators, and the close ties with the industrial milieu that came to be called the Silicon Valley.
Optimal Scheduling of Residential Home Appliances by Considering Energy Storage and Stochastically Modelled Photovoltaics in a Grid Exchange Environment Using Hybrid Grey Wolf Genetic Algorithm Optimizer

The transformation of a conventional power system to a smart grid has been underway over the last few decades. A smart grid provides opportunities to integrate smart homes with renewable energy resources (RERs). Moreover, it encourages the residential consumers to regulate their home energy consumption in an effective way that suits their lifestyle and it also helps to preserve the environment. Keeping in mind the techno-economic reasons for household energy management, active participation of consumers in grid operations is necessary for peak reduction, valley filling, strategic load conservation, and growth. In this context, this paper presents an efficient home energy management system (HEMS) for consumer appliance scheduling in the presence of an energy storage system and photovoltaic generation with the intention to reduce the energy consumption cost determined by the service provider. To study the benefits of a home-to-grid (H2G) energy exchange in HEMS, photovoltaic generation is stochastically modelled by considering an energy storage system. The prime consideration of this paper is to propose a hybrid optimization approach based on heuristic techniques, grey wolf optimization, and a genetic algorithm termed a hybrid grey wolf genetic algorithm to model HEMS for residential consumers with the objectives to reduce energy consumption cost and the peak-to-average ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through simulations performed for a residential consumer with several domestic appliances and their scheduling preferences by considering real-time pricing and critical peak-pricing tariff signals. Results related to the reduction in the peak-to-average ratio and energy cost demonstrate that the proposed hybrid optimization technique performs well in comparison with different meta-heuristic techniques available in the literature. The findings of the proposed methodology can further be used to calculate the impact of different demand response signals on the operation and reliability of a power system.
Kolorektales Karzinom: Vorsorge und Screening

Das kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) stellt weltweit die dritthäufigste Karzinomerkrankung dar sowie die vierthäufigste Todesursache für alle Karzinomerkrankungen. Weltweit erkranken jährlich ca. 1,4 Millionen Menschen an Darmkrebs, ca. 700 000 Menschen sterben daran [1]. Im internationalen Vergleich gehört Deutschland zu den Ländern mit besonders hoher Inzidenz: Für das Jahr 2012 wurde die Gesamtzahl der Neuerkrankungen und Sterbefälle auf ca. 62 000 beziehungsweise 26 000 geschätzt. Nach dem Mammabzw. Prostatakarzinom ist das KRK der zweithäufigste Tumor bei Frauen bzw. Männern; das Lebenszeitrisiko an einem kolorektalen Karzinom zu erkranken beträgt ca. 5 – 6 % [2, 3]. Daher ist die Primärprävention mit dem Appell an die Verantwortung für die eigene Gesundheit ein erster wichtiger Schritt der Vorsorge. Mit vernünftiger Ernährung, regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität und dem Verzicht auf das Rauchen lässt sich bereits eine Darmkrebsreduktion um 30 – 40% erreichen.
Role of intravenous tranexamic acid for the reduction of blood loss in total knee arthroplasty

Antifibrinolytic drug Tranexamic acid (TXA) administered intravenously has shown to significantly reduced the blood loss intraoperatively (P<0.01) and postoperatively (P<0.01) in patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Two groups of 50 patients each with similar demographic and health profile were selected to undergo this study. One group received the IV Tranexamic Acid (TXA group) while the control group did not received. To avoid complications associated with antifibrinolytic property of tranexamic acid. Strict patient selection criteria and dose regiment protocols were adhered to prevent hypercoagulable state with potential risk of DVT and renal Failure.
Low-Power Bulk-Driven Subthreshold OTA and CCII+ Cells Based Instrumentation Amplifier for LF Applications

This paper at onset describes a low-power, bulk-driven, folded cascode (FC-OTA) and second generation positive current conveyor (CCII+) operating in weak inversion region with ± 0.35 V DC bias supply. The designed 2 or 3 numbers of CCII+ cells are utilized to compose an instrumentation amplifier (IA), which dissipates a total power of 3.847 µW or 5.768 µW. The OTA cell as the input core in CCII+ circuitry consumes a power of 287 nW, whereas the CCII+ cell consumes total power of 1918 nW. The CCII+ cell uses an OTA which is followed by two-CMOS class AB inverters to realize the X and Z terminals of CCII+ cell. Further, these CCII+ cells are utilized to get low power IA usable in analog front ends of DSP processor for amplifying sensed signal with very high-common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and high-power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). This IA is simulated using tanner EDA tool of version 16.1 in 180 nm n-tub standard CMOS process technology. This IA consumes less power and is usable as variable gain amplifier for low- frequency bio-signal as well as sub-audio frequency range signal processing.
Clinical prospective study on disease variability and score generation in patients with Charcot-Marie- Tooth disease type 1A (HMSN1A)

In this clinical prospective study primary and secondary clinical outcome measures in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) were evaluated with regard to their contribution towards discrimination of disease severity. The nine components of the composite Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Neuropathy Score (Shy et al., 2005) and six additional secondary clinical outcome measures were assessed in a total subset of 479 adult patients with genetically proven CMT1A. Using hierarchical clustering, significant clusters of patients were formed. The impact of each of the CMTNS components and of the secondary clinical parameters were calculated with regard to their power to differentiate these two clusters. Five parameters of the original CMTNS and four secondary clinical outcome measures provide additional significant information in differentiation of the two clusters. From these findings, we derived three new composite measures as score hypotheses and compared their discriminant power with that of the originial CMTNS. As a conclusion, five items from the CMTNS and four secondary clinical outcome measures improve the clinical assessment of patients with CMT1A significantly and are beneficial for upcoming clinical and therapeutic trials.
Chronic Pain and Plaque Psoriasis Treated by Lumbar and Stellate Sympathetic Ganglion Block

Background : Sympathetic ganglion block have been shown to supply immediate relief in various type of chronic pain, but to best of our knowledge, cleaning up of psoriatic lesions after sympathetic ganglion blockage has rarely been reported. Case Report : A 64-year-old patient who has been suffering from chronic pain and plaque psoriasis underwent lumbar and stellate ganglion block in our facility. After the successful treatment, the patient was relieved from pain and psoriatic lesions. Sympathetic ganglion block have been shown to supply immediate relief in various type of chronic pain, but to best of our knowledge, cleaning up of psoriatic lesions after sympathetic ganglion blockage has rarely been reported. Conclusion : We describe a case report in which sympathetic ganglion block successfully treated both chronic pain and plaque psoriasis in a pharmacologically non-responsive patient.
Assessment of visual acuity improvement in patients with AMD referred to the low vision department

Objetivo: Avaliar a melhora da visão através de auxílios visuais em pacientes portadores de Degeneração Macular Relacionada a Idade (DMRI) encaminhados ao serviço de visão subnormal. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, através da revisão 61 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de DMRI que foram encaminhados ao departamento de Visão Subnormal (VSN), no período de janeiro 2012 a dezembro de 2014. Foram coletados dados sobre idade, sexo, diagnóstico do tipo de DMRI e uso prévio de inibidor do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (anti-VEGF) ou antioxidante. Além disso, outras informações foram colhidas como acuidade visual para longe sem auxílio e com auxílio óptico, indicando o(s) auxílio(s) óptico(s) prescrito(s). Resultados: Dos 61 pacientes avaliados, 54,1% eram do sexo masculino e 45,9% do sexo feminino. A faixa etária mais prevalente foi de 71-80 anos (44,3%) e a maioria (70,5%) apresentava a forma seca de DMRI. Com o uso de recursos visuais, 73,8% dos tiveram melhora da acuidade visual para longe. O auxilio óptico mais prescrito foi o telescópio do tipo Galileu 2,8x (50,8%). Conclusão: Pacientes com deficiência visual e DMRI podem se beneficiar significativamente dos recursos visuais se esses forem devidamente indicados e adaptados. A maioria dos pacientes aceitou pelo menos um dos recursos visuais indicados resultando numa melhora importante da acuidade visual de longe. Descritores: Baixa visão; Transtornos da visão; Degeneração macular; Recursos audiovisuais; Acuidade visual ABSTRACT
Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat

This study was aimed to provide the reference frame for the safe dose design of polyphenol-rich herbal mixture, which consist of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey (PRM) for the future efficacy study. Prior to this, the nutritional composition was first conducted and the identification of metabolites that present in PRM was determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The acute toxicity of the PRM was then evaluated in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rats following The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The PRM nutritional composition and sugar profile showed it was high in carbohydrate, ash and protein and the main sugar is fructose. It also contains metabolites such as fructosefuranose, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, cycloalliin, pyruvate, 5- hydroxymethylfurane, α- and β-glucose. From the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity result, the lethal concentration, LC50 of PRM was at 487.50 μg/mL. Meanwhile, in Wistar rats’ model, no lethality was observed in the group treated with PRM at the end of the study (14 days). No changes were also observed from the behavioural and appetite as well as the biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, total protein and creatinine) of the treated group. Therefore, the safe dose for PRM can be up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. in Wistar rats and below 487.50 μg/mL in zebrafish embryo model.
Active fault tolerant control based on eigenstructure assignment applied to a 3‐DOF helicopter

In this paper an active fault tolerant control (AFTC) has been designed and applied to a 3‐DOF helicopter mathematical model. The main contribution corresponds to an AFTC design based on eigenstructure assignment aiming at reconfiguring the controller gain after actuator fault occurrences, modelled as additive faults. The reconfigured controller gain is computed ensuring the best approximation acquired for the nominal fault‐free closed‐loop system on its eigenstructure, giving rise to a faulty closed‐loop system with the same closed‐loop eigenvalues. Simulation results on the on‐line controller gain reconfiguration are shown considering simultaneous time‐varying faults and those with negative and positive slopes.
Effect of Cysteine, Yeast Extract, pH Regulation and Gas Flow on Acetate and Ethanol Formation and Growth Profiles of Clostridium ljungdahlii Syngas Fermentation

The fermentation of synthesis gas, or syngas, which consists mainly of CO, CO2 and H2 by acetogenic bacteria has the potential to help in transitioning from a fossil-fuel-based to a renewable bio-economy. Clostridium ljungdahlii, one of such microorganisms, has as main fermentation products acetate and ethanol. Multiple research efforts have been directed towards understanding how the metabolism and the product formation of this, and other acetogenic bacteria, can be directed towards increasing productivities and yields; nonetheless, transferring those findings to a particular set-up can prove challenging. This study used a well-established and robust fed-batch fermentation system with C. ljungdahlii to look into the effects of different fermentation pH profiles, gas flow, and the supplementation with additional yeast extract or cysteine on growth, product formation ratios, yields, and productivities, as well as gas consumption. Neither yeast extract nor cysteine supplementation had a noticeable impact on cell growth, product formation or overall gas consumption. The lowering of the pH proved mainly detrimental, with decreased productivities and no improvement in ethanol ratios. The most notable shift towards ethanol was achieved by the combination of lowering both the pH and the gas flow after 24 h, but with the caveat of lower productivity. The obtained results, unexpected to some extent, highlight the necessity for a better understanding of the physiology and the metabolic regulation of acetogenic bacteria in order for this process to become more industrially relevant.
The impact of the Madagascar TOP Réseau social marketing program on sexual behavior and use of reproductive health services.

To assess the reach of the TOP Rdseau adolescent reproductive health program in the Toamasina province of Madagascar and evaluate its impact on sexual behavior use of reproductive health services and predictors of use. Data were collected from two household surveys conducted in 2000 and 2002; sample sizes were 1785 and 1891 for the two rounds respectively. Logistic regression analyses establish trends in reproductive health behavior and its predictors and determine the effect of level of program exposure on these indicators. All analyses control for differences in sample characteristics. Although only about 7% of youth report having attended a TOP Rdseau clinic exposure to the programs supporting communication campaign elements is much higher. Approximately one in three youth (31%) cite attending at least one peer education session and 37% report attending at least one mobile video unit presentation. Forty-one percent of youth report hearing TOP Rdseau radio spots and 64% recall seeing their television spots in the past three months. Comparing 2000 and 2002 survey results reveals that social support for adolescent condom use increased and reported barriers to accessing reproductive health services declined for both sexes. Consistent with these results condom use among females improved significantly during the intervention period. Additional analyses show that the program contributed to several determinants of condom use including better access to condoms improved perceptions of condom efficacy and improved social norms supporting condom use. Among males only program exposure is associated with several indicators of condom use--including consistent condom use--but it did not motivate them to seek STI treatment. Program exposure is also associated with use of a modern family planning method among females. Results emphasize the importance of developing communication campaigns to complement service delivery initiatives. Future communication campaigns should aim to reach youth repeatedly with a mixture of both mass media and interpersonal channels. Messages should focus specifically on motivating youth to seek STI treatment use condoms or abstain. As communication messages are having a limited impact on motivating youth to use services future programs should reassess the need for and feasibility of clinic-based approaches. Given the limited information regarding current treatment practices further research is needed to better under- stand STI-treatment-seeking behavior and related determinants. Campaigns and materials should be carefully pre-tested with both males and females to ensure that key messages are sufficiently understood. Future programs aiming to reach rural as well as urban youth should tailor communication and service delivery interventions based on outlets and channels that are accessible to both groups. (authors)
Effect of different carbon doses of tapioca (Manihot esculenta) flour on vegetative cells and spore production of Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium is a spore forming bacteria that is mostly used as a probiotic in aquaculture. Spore formation for probiotic production using carbon source is costly. This research evaluated the effect of different carbon doses of tapioca (Manihot esculenta) flour on vegetative cells, spore production, sporulation efficiency and spore germination of B. megaterium. Experiments were carried out in Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Brawijaya. In flasks, 50 ml of growth media were used and were inoculated with 1% of B. megaterium (2.6 x 108 cells/ml). The cultures were mixed (120 rpm) and incubated at 37 °C for 120 hours with 4 different treatments of carbon doses (5, 10, 15 and 20 g/L, respectively). The results showed that the highest vegetative cells (8.4 x 107 cell/ml) and spore production (4.1 x 107 spore/ml) of B. megaterium were found at 15 g/L carbon dose. However, it was not followed by high sporulation efficiency (only 49.01%). The high spore germination was observed in more than 5 g/L carbon dose. Thus, 5-15 g/L carbon doses of tapioca flour could positively enhance vegetative cells, spore production, sporulation efficiency and spore germination of B. megaterium and could be used as a potential source of probiotics in aquaculture.
A Retrospective Study: Good Functional Outcomes are Independent of Pre-Operative Factors in Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis

Context: Stapes surgery is the mainstay of treatment for otosclerosis. Reported success rates of stapes surgery for otosclerosis vary widely, ranging from 63.6% to 94%. The pre-operative prognostic factors of hearing outcomes after surgery are not well studied. Objective: To determine the hearing results after stapes surgery and analyze the prognostic role of pre-operative factors on hearing outcomes. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: 90 cases of otosclerosis operated on in our institute from 2006 to 2016 were included into the study. Interventions: Stapes surgery was performed for 90 cases of otosclerosis (77 stapedotomies, 13 stapedectomies). Main outcome measures: Audiograms performed just before and six months after operation were used. We selected several pre-operative variables for analysis- age, gender, unilateral/bilateral disease, air (AC) and bone conduction (BC) thresholds, air-bone gap (ABG). Our outcomes measured were post-operative AC, ABG and percentage improvement in air-bone gap (ABGi). The associations between these pre-operative predictors and outcomes were then analyzed. Results: We report 80% (n=72) and 84.7% (n=76) of cases achieving ideal ABG (≤ 10 dB) and AC outcomes (gain in ≥ 20 dB), respectively. The mean post-operative ABG was 8.8 dB. The mean ABGi, was 78.8% with 78.9% (n=71) of cases attaining ideal ABGi (≥ 70%). Pre-operative variables did not significantly influence post-operative AC and ABG results. However, patients with larger pre-operative ABG (>30 dB) had greater ABGi (85.7 vs. 72.5%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Stapes surgery provides good and predictable results independent of disease severity or patient profile. Consequently, patients with larger hearing impairment are likely to benefit relatively more from surgery.
The Role of FOXO3 in Mechanisms of Doxorubicin Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with doxorubicin is commonly used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but has limited efficacy due to a high level of resistance. The factors that determine the sensitivity to TACE-doxorubicin are unknown. FOXO3 is a multifunctional transcription factor that plays a role in determining cell fate in response to stress. It frequently functions as a tumor suppressor but can also promote tumor pathogenesis. FOXO3 is also known to be a mediator of doxorubicin sensitivity in many types of tumor cells, while in others it can promote resistance. The role of FOXO3 in HCC and in doxorubicin resistance in HCC is unknown. FOXO3 function is largely determined by post-translational modification (PTM). Two FOXO3 PTMs, acetylation and serine 574 (S574)-phosphorylation, are known to promote its apoptotic function. Contrary to expectations, expression of FOXO3 was increased in HCC compared to surrounding liver. Cytosolic FOXO3 was significantly greater in TACEresistant HCC as compared to treatment-naïve tumors. In Huh7 hepatoma cells, doxorubicin induced acetylation and S574-phosphorylation of FOXO3, and these modifications promoted doxorubicin-induced cell death by suppressing the pro-survival function of FOXO3. Resveratrol, an activator of SIRT deacetylase enzymes, inhibited these doxorubicin-induced PTMs and increased doxorubicin resistance. The expression of SIRT6, a known FOXO3 deacetylase, was also increased in TACE-resistant HCC tumors and correlated with cytosolic FOXO3. SIRT6 also blocked doxorubicin-induced S574-phosphorylation of FOXO3 and increased resistance to doxorubicin in Huh7 cells. Therefore, targeting SIRT6 and/or manipulating FOXO3 modifications may prove useful in enhancing the chemotherapy sensitivity of HCC.
Incidence of post-operative pulmonary complications following emergency laparotomy in tertiary care centre in Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery, including pneumonia, atelectasis and respiratory failure, are significant cause for patient suffering, prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality rate. Although postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are recognized to be common, reported incidence is variable, ranging from 9% to 40%, probably due to methodological discrepancies among various studies. A number of risk factors for PPC following elective nonthoracic surgery, derived from clinical history, physical examination, lung function tests, chest X-ray and other pre or intraoperative elements, has been described.