Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lactuca virosa, a source of disease resistance genes for lettuce breeding: results and difficulties for gene introgression

Four L. virosa accessions have been used as sources of disease resistance. Resistance to Bremia lactucae and two viruses, BWYV and LMV, were identified. To transfer these resistances to lettuce, in vitro embryo rescue must be used to obtain the first BC with L. sativa. Two resistances to Bremia were studied in fertile lines of lettuce issued from interspecific crosses followed by several BCs and selfing. The resistance introgressed from each L. virosa was efficient against all tested isolates. The hypothesis of two dominant genes will be discussed in relation with segregation obtained in segregating populations (F2 and F3). The study of inheritance of virus resistance was conducted in a segregating population between L. virosa genotypes. The hypotheses of one dominant gene (Bw) for resistance against BWYV and one partly dominant gene (Mo3) for resistance to LMV were proposed. Many heterozygous plants for Mo3 were necrotic after LMV inoculation. The introgression into L. sativa of the virus resistance genes from L. virosa was very laborious due to physiological problems of plants growth especially with Mo3. After several BCs with different varieties and self-pollinations, the plants were still necrotic; many plants died at the vegetative stage due to very weak roots, especially the heterozygous one, or at the bolting due to stem necrosis. The BWYV resistant lines, several self-pollinations after only one BC, had small heads or had not yet headed. Nevertheless, after several BCs, some fertile resistant lettuce plants were obtained.
Discrete Choice Labor Supply: Conditional Logit vs. Random Coefficient Models

Estimating labor supply functions using a discrete rather than a continuous specification has become increasingly popular in recent years. On basis of the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) I test which specification of discrete choice is the appropriate model for estimating labor supply: the standard conditional logit model or the random coefficient model. To the extent that effect heterogeneity is present in empirical models of labor supply functions, the application of a random coefficient model is necessary to avoid biased estimates. However, because of the complex structure, random coefficient models defy calculating confidence intervals of marginal effects or elasticities. Therefore, if heterogeneity is nonexistent or does not lead to a significant bias in the derived labor supply elasticities, standard discrete choice models provide the more favorable choice. Due to their simple structure, conditional logit models are far less computational intensive providing standard tools to calculate confidence intervals of elasticities. My findings suggest that effect heterogeneity is present when estimating a discrete choice model of labor supply drawing on data of the GSOEP. However, the labor supply elastisities derived form the specifications with and without random effects do not differ significantly. That leads to the conclusion that the standard discrete choice model, attractive for its simple structure, provides an adequate model choice for the analysis of labor supply functions based on the GSOEP.
Protected Areas offer refuge from invasive species 1 spreading under climate change 2 Running head : Invasive species in protected areas

26 Protected Areas (PAs) are intended to provide native biodiversity and habitats 27 with a refuge against the impacts of global change, particularly acting as natural 28 filters against biological invasions. In practice, however, it is unknown how effective 29 PAs will be in shielding native taxa from invasions under projected climate change. 30 Here, we investigate the current and future potential distributions of 100 of the 31 most invasive terrestrial, freshwater and marine species in Europe. We use this 32 information to evaluate the combined threat posed by climate change and invasions 33 to existing PAs and the most susceptible species they shelter. We found that only a 34 quarter of Europe’s marine and terrestrial areas protected over the last 100 years 35 have been colonized by any of the invaders investigated, despite offering climatically 36 suitable conditions for invasion. In addition, hotspots of invasive taxa and the most 37 susceptible native species to their establishment do not match at large continental 38 scales. Furthermore, the predicted richness of invaders is significantly lower inside 39 PAs than outside them (by 11-18%). Invasive species are rare in long-established 40 national parks and nature reserves, which are actively protected and often located in 41 remote and pristine regions with very low human density. In contrast, the richness of 42 invasive species is high in the more recently designated Natura 2000 sites, which are 43 subject to high human accessibility. This situation may change in the future, since 44 our models anticipate important shifts in species’ ranges towards the north and east 45 of Europe at unprecedented rates of 14-55 km/decade, depending on taxonomic 46 group and scenario. This may seriously compromise the conservation of biodiversity 47 and ecosystem services. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of the 48 resistance that PAs provide against biological invasions and climate change on a 49 continental scale, and illustrates their strategic value in safeguarding native 50 biodiversity. 51 52 Page 2 of 33 Global Change Biology
Implementation of Elliptic Curve Encryption in the GAIM Instant Messenger Client

This paper describes the development of a plug-in for the Instant Messaging client, GAIM, which is used to encrypt instant messages using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). It covers the project's design criteria, protocol descriptions, implementation obstacles, test instrumentation, plug-in usage, performance analysis, and specification divergence. In addition, we describe a separate utility developed based on the cryptographic engine of the plug-in which provides general purpose file encryption, decryption and asymmetric key generation.
Prospects of Plumbago rosea L. hairy root culture in traditional preparations: a phytochemical comparison with tuberous roots

Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root culture of Plumbago rosea L. is an attractive alternative for the production of plumbagin which is the major bioactive compound in P. rosea tuberous roots. The traditional industries form the major consumer of the tuberous roots as these are used in many ayurvedic preparations. The present work investigates the prospects of utilizing hairy roots in the place of tuberous roots based on bacterial survival test of hairy roots and comparison through phytochemical analyses (TLC, Spectrophotometry, HPLC and LC-MS). Since the traditional system of medicine follows stringent curing procedure before incorporation of the roots in medicinal preparations, cured tuberous and hairy roots were also compared. The phytochemical profile of hairy roots was remarkably similar to that of tuberous roots. Curing caused no change in the phytotchemical composition of the roots but only a reduction in the amount of plumbagin and other molecules. Plumbagin was reduced to 0.372 ± 0.026% dry weight (DW) in cured tuberous roots (1.15 ± 0.08% DW in uncured) and 0.061± 0.0043% DW in cured hairy roots (1.32 ± 0.09% DW in uncured). An 11.3 fold increase in root biomass with 1.56% DW plumbagin obtained in bioreactor as against 5.39 fold in shake-flasks (with 1% w/v inoculum over 3 weeks period), adds to the prospects of its applicability in traditional systems. The results suggest a refurbishment of conventional high quantity cured roots in traditional preparations with low quantity uncured roots, irrespective of root types.
Interaction Effects of Plants and Indigenous Micro-organisms on Degradation of N-Alkanes in Crude Oil Contaminated Agricultural Soil

Agricultural soil samples from mapped out areas for the study were aseptically collected with sterile plastic sample containers and microbiologically analyzed to isolate autochthonous microbial flora. Seeds of four annual crops including Vigna unguiculata var unguiculata, Mucuna pruriens, Zea mays and T occidentalis used were planted on the test soil and polluted with Bonny light crude oil twenty eight (28) days after plant growth. Thirty days after pollution, soil samples were collected within the rhizosphere of the test plants and examined microbiologically to isolate persisting microorganisms in the polluted soil. The variation in degradation of n-alkanes was ascertained seven days after pollution using Gas chromatographic analysis on soil samples and compared with the control. The pre microbial lab analysis of the soil under the study revealed culturally, the presence of PenicillIum sp Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Acinetobacter baumanni, Bacillus mycoides, Klebsiella sp. , Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli whereas the absence of the last two isolates was observed during post microbial analyses. Results of the GC analysis on comparison to the control sample depict that plants kept in the greenhouse were able to degrade alkanes within the range of C7 to C12 and C32 to C40 while samples in the field degraded alkanes within the range C7 to C15 and C36 to C40. M pruriens degraded C13. This study could be a promising tool in conversion of crude oil in contaminated agricultural soil to less toxic substances for enhanced remediation.
INDIRECTNESS, INEXPLICITNESS AND VAGUENESS

The ability to do indirectness, inexplicitness and vagueness is a key component in the repertoire of all competent discoursers and these are commonplace phenomena in written and spoken discourses, particularly in conversations. The study reported in the paper seeks to delineate and exemplify these three terms which are used frequently in the literature, but which are potentially confusing as they are not always unambiguously defined and consistently applied. The purpose of the study is to describe the differences between the three terms in terms of their pragmatic usage and functions, drawing upon a corpus of naturally-occurring conversational data between Hong Kong Chinese and native speakers of English. In so doing, this study underlines the widespread occurrence of these forms of language use and the ways in which participants in spoken discourse employ them to jointly construct both context and meaning.
Conditions for Classroom Technology Innovations

This article reports on a study of the complex and messy process of classroom technology integration. The main purpose of the study was to empirically address the large question of “why don't teachers innovate when they are given computers? ” rather than whether computers can improve student learning. Specifically, we were interested in understanding the conditions under which technology innovation can take place in classrooms. For a year, we followed a group of K–12 teachers who attempted to carry out technology-rich projects in their classrooms. These teachers were selected from more than 100 recipients of a technology grant program for teachers. The study found 11 salient factors that significantly impact the degree of success of classroom technology innovations. Some of these factors have been commonly mentioned in the literature, but our study found new dimensions to them. Others have not been identified in the literature. Each factor can be placed in one of three interactive domains, the teacher, the innovation, and the context. The article discusses the 11 factors in detail and proposes a model of the relationship among the different factors and their domains.
Neurogeneza dorosłych a depresja Adult neurogenesis and depression

Adult neurogenesis (ANGE) is a process of generating new neurons in the brains of adult mammals, including humans. It takes place, e.g., in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation. The function of the new neurons is not fully explained; however, they are considered to play an important role in learning and memory processes. There is also evidence that ANGE can mediate the response of hippocampal formation to stress, preventing the onset of depression. Besides, newly-generated neurons seem to play an important role in therapeutic action of antidepressants (AD). Results from animal models and human studies, confirming and questioning the hypothesis of a key connection between depression and ANGE, are presented. It is not clear whether the suppression of the production of new neurons influences the pathogenesis of depression and it seems that some other factors are more important. However, it is likely that the level of ANGE is important in treatment of at least some forms of depression. Several experiments, using animal models, have shown that AD, mood stabilizers or other depression therapies increase the level of ANGE. Also, blocking the generation of new neurons abolishes their therapeutic effect. Nevertheless, some recent publications question the significance of ANGE in AD action. The discrepancies described herein, concerning the significance of ANGE in aetiology and treatment of depression, may reflect the complexity of the depressive disorder. This complexity is manifested by the different response (or no response) to various AD and other depression therapies in human patients.
The spectral radiative signature of wind‐blown mineral dust: Implications for remote sensing in the thermal IR region

This study investigates how the loading and composition of atmospheric dust affect IR radiances observed by satellite narrowband and high‐resolution sensors. To compute monochromatic radiances accounting for multiple scattering and absorption by aerosols and atmospheric gases, we employed a new radiative transfer code which combines the line‐by‐line algorithm and discrete ordinate technique. New dust optical models required for such computations were developed for the representative mineral mixtures. We demonstrate that dust decreases the brightness temperature observed by satellite sensors depending mainly on the dust burden and composition, though the sensitivity to the composition differs between the satellite sensors. We found that mineral dust has a unique radiative signature (termed here a “negative slope”) which separates the effect of dust from that of clouds and gases. We conclude that dust must be accounted for in atmospheric correction algorithms if the retrievals of the sea surface temperature and atmospheric gaseous species from the thermal IR radiances are to be of high accuracy.
Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Tool Wear and Surface Roughness in Hard Turning under Minimum Quantity Lubricant Environment

This paper presents an on-going comparative study of tool wear and surface roughness for varying cutting parameters under dry and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) environment while turning hardened medium carbon steel (hard turning) by coated carbide insert. A mathematical model was also developed to determine the surface roughness in terms of machining time and cutting tool wear function in terms of the four independent variables: the cutting depth (d), the cutting feed (f), the cutting speed (Vc) and the cutting duration (t). The results indicated that the application of MQL technique significantly helps to obtain better performance in compare to dry condition.
R EDUCING R ECOMMENDER S YSTEM B IASES : A N I NVESTIGATION OF R ATING D ISPLAY D ESIGNS

As an extension to a more realistic setting and as a robustness check, we examine whether biases generated by perturbations in real recommendations from an actual recommender system can be eliminated by the rating display options. Recall that participants received some recommendations that were perturbed either upward (High-Perturbed) or downward (LowPerturbed) by 1 star from the actual predicted ratings. As a control, each participant also received recommendations without perturbations (Accurate).
An Comparative study and evaluation on performance of Intrusion Detection Schemes in MANET

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless communication mechanism. It is a collection of mobile nodes that have a dynamic infrastructure, due to its dynamic nature every node acts as a transmitter and receiver. MANET is capable of self configuring ,this unique feature make it ideal in various application like military use and emergency situation like medical ,natural disaster etc. Due to open medium and wide distribution of node, MANET is susceptible to malicious attackers thus there is a need to develop IDS (Intrusion Detection System) in order to protect MANET from attacks as security is of highest concern. However many IDS has been proposed by researchers to detect malicious (misbehaving) node in mobile adhoc network . All IDS will demonstrate its performance in terms of routing overhead and packet delivery ratio. The main objective of this paper is to observe and analyze the performance of Watchdog, TwoAck, AACK and EAACK. The result will provide positive performances against malicious node detection, however EAACK will demonstrate higher malicious detection rate in certain circumstances as compares to other IDS while does not greatly affecting the network performance.
From Monolingual to Multilingual FAQ Assistant using Multilingual Co-training

Recent research on cross-lingual transfer show state-of-the-art results on benchmark datasets using pre-trained language representation models (PLRM) like BERT. These results are achieved with the traditional training approaches, such as Zero-shot with no data, Translate-train or Translate-test with machine translated data. In this work, we propose an approach of “Multilingual Co-training” (MCT) where we augment the expert annotated dataset in the source language (English) with the corresponding machine translations in the target languages (e.g. Arabic, Spanish) and fine-tune the PLRM jointly. We observe that the proposed approach provides consistent gains in the performance of BERT for multiple benchmark datasets (e.g. 1.0% gain on MLDocs, and 1.2% gain on XNLI over translate-train with BERT), while requiring a single model for multiple languages. We further consider a FAQ dataset where the available English test dataset is translated by experts into Arabic and Spanish. On such a dataset, we observe an average gain of 4.9% over all other cross-lingual transfer protocols with BERT. We further observe that domain-specific joint pre-training of the PLRM using HR policy documents in English along with the machine translations in the target languages, followed by the joint finetuning, provides a further improvement of 2.8% in average accuracy.
Science Journals — AAAS

Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, 617 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. Rubenstein School of Environment andNatural Resources, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland. School of Business and Economics, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA. Environmental Program, University of Vermont, Bittersweet, 151 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. *Corresponding author. Email: rrasolof@gmail.com
Low-Profile Asymmetrical-CSRR-Loaded Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna

By introducing an asymmetrical-CSRRloaded parasitic patch beneath the radiating patch of a traditional low-profile microstrip antenna, a novel stacked antenna with both 22.46% fractional bandwidth, and stable and uniform radiation patterns in the entire operating frequency range is achieved, even the total height is only approximate 0. 04λL (where λL indicates the free-space wavelength corresponding to the lower bound of the operating frequency band). The antenna is designed, fabricated and tested. The experimental results agree with the simulations. Index Terms – Low-profile antenna, microstrip patch
Effect of fly ash and bagasse charcoal on the mobility of atrazine in Indian sandy loam soil

Abstract The study was undertaken to obtain an objective and realistic overview of atrazine residue reduction in sandy loam soil using two low-cost adsorbents. Fly ash and bagasse charcoal are waste products of thermal power plant and sugar mill, respectively, and are abundant, which have a disposal problem. A laboratory-based adsorption and leaching experiments were carried out to know the percentage reduction of atrazine by mixing these two abundant materials in soil at 1% level. In adsorption and leaching studies, atrazine 50% WP was used to know the reduction of atrazine concentration in fresh soil and soil with adsorbent. It was found that adsorbent mixed soil adsorbed atrazine greater than the fresh soil and the mobility of atrazine was reduced in adsorbent mixed soil as compared to fresh soil. It was concluded that the reduction of atrazine in adsorbent mixed soil was attributed due to the adsorption properties of these adsorbents as well as reducing the porosity of soil. Hence, these adsorbents were chosen to reduce the leachability of atrazine in low organic carbon soil, which has a great potential to groundwater contamination.
Chip Quality as a Function of Harvesting Methodology

Chip Quality as a Function of Harvesting Methodology Salvatore Faugno, Vincenzo Civitarese, Alberto Assirelli, Giulio Sperandio, Luigi Saulino, Mariano Crimaldi , Maura Sannino *a,c Department of Agriculture of the University of Naples Federico II Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (Crea) Department of Agriculture, Tuscia University, 01100 (VT), Italy maura.sannino@unina.it
The effect of a type I photoinitiator on cure kinetics and cell toxicity in projection-microstereolithography

Projection-microstereolithography is an additive manufacturing technique based on the spatially controlled solidification of a liquid photopolymer on exposure to digitally manipulated light patterns. This study presents a methodology to evaluate the effect of a type-I photoinitiator on the reaction kinetics in the process and the cytocompatibility of the produced components. While the reaction speed and degree of conversion were heavily dependent on the applied amount of the initiator, a clear toxic effect was observed with all tested concentrations, and a post-processing step of 7 days was required to leach out the initiator residues. © 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Professor Mamoru Mitsuishi and Professor Paulo Bartolo
Conditional density estimation for the origin of social media geolocation

Despite the importance of the tweet geolocation, most of the research estimates the user geolocation through user timeline, not the tweet geolocation, because it is difficult to detect precise geographic coordinates from only a single tweet. In light of this, this study centers on estimating the single tweet geolocation through a density estimation approach. The advantage of density based model expresses the uncertainty of the tweet geolocation as the spread of the distribution. The proposed model reveals that a high consistency with human judgment, indicating the practical availability.