Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer control of machines with friction for precise motion

We study the problem of precise control of machines with static and Coulomb friction. An experimental X-Y testbed built for testing various control methods is described and initial experimental results are presented. A simple pole placement controller is designed for computer control of the X-Y testbed based on a generalised sampled-data hold. Robustness and stability of the controller are analysed. Simulation suggests that this controller is able to achieve precise position control even when parameters of both the dynamics of the machine and the characteristics of friction are unknown.
Soil formation in marine sediments and beach deposits of southern Norway: investigations of soil chronosequences in the Oslofjord region

We investigated the development of Albeluvisols and Podzols with time in southern Norway. The Vestfold region at the western shore of the Oslofjord was chosen because it is characterized by continuous glacio-isostatic uplift for the last 12,000 years. Due to the permanent elevation process, no distinct marine terraces have been built, and the age of the sediments continuously increases with distance from the modern coastline. Albeluvisol development was assessed in a soil chronosequence on loamy marine sediments with ages ranging from approximately 1,800 to 10,200 years. The most obvious change during soil development was that after 4,500 – 5,000 years light tongues intruded from the E horizon into the B horizon, and became more pronounced with time. The combined thickness of the A and E-horizons was constant at 40 ± 3 cm in 9 of the 12 profi les and did not change with age. The organic matter content of the A-horizons, the fi ne silt to coarse silt ratio of the Btg horizons and the Feo/Fed ratio all decreased with soil age, whereas the thickness of the organic surface horizon and B horizon, as well as the Fed/Fet ratio all increased. Podzol development was investigated in a chronosequence on sandy beach sediments, the ages of the soils ranging from 2,400 to 8,500 years. All soil properties investigated –the organic matter content of the B horizons, clay content, Feo, Alo, Sio, Feo/Fed and Fed/Fet – tend to increase with advancing podzolization, and are strongly correlated with soil age. Topsoil pH values decrease with age. The characteristic Bh and Bs horizons had developed after approximately 4,000 years.
Assessing the awareness of environmental management accounting in the mining industry

Mining activities normally have a huge impact on the environment. The whole lifecycle of a mining company with activities such as exploration, development, production and mine closure could result in high environmental costs. The years of waiting between the start of exploration, commencement of production and mine closure create specific challenges in the field of accounting for mining companies. Most of the damages caused by mining activities cannot be hidden and has to be accounted for, and that requires a sound accounting system. It is therefore important for a mining company to implement a system that accounts for environmental costs. This study assesses the awareness of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) in the mining industry. A questionnaire is administered to a selected group of participants, consisted out of mine management personnel, financial practitioners and environmental practitioners from different mining organizations in Gauteng, Mpumalanga and North West provinces of the Republic of South Africa. The overall findings of the study indicated relatively high levels of awareness of environmental management accounting in the mining industry; however, there are differences between the different functional groups. In most of the responses it was clear that the environmental and financial practitioners have a stronger sense of awareness about the importance of EMA than the managers of the mine.
From closed-loop to sustainable supply chains: the WEEE case

The primary objective of closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) is to improve the maximum economic benefit from end-of-use products. Nevertheless, the literature within this stream of research advocates that closing the loop also helps to mitigate the undesirable environmental footprint of supply chains. Therefore, closed-loop supply chains are assumed to be sustainable supply chains almost by definition. In this paper we analyse if and when this assumption holds. We illustrate our findings based on the Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) supply chain. For all phases of the supply chain, i.e. manufacturing, usage, transportation and end-of-life activities, we assess the magnitude of the environmental impacts, based on a single environmental metric, namely the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). Given the environmental hot-spots in the Electric and Electronic Equipment supply chain, we propose useful extensions for existing CLSC optimisation models to ensure that closed-loop supply chains are at the same time sustainable supply chains.
Evaluating adjusted forcing and model spread for historical and future scenarios in the CMIP5 generation of climate models

We utilize energy budget diagnostics from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) to evaluate the models' climate forcing since preindustrial times employing an established regression technique. The climate forcing evaluated this way, termed the adjusted forcing (AF), includes a rapid adjustment term associated with cloud changes and other tropospheric and land‐surface changes. We estimate a 2010 total anthropogenic and natural AF from CMIP5 models of 1.9 ± 0.9 W m−2 (5–95% range). The projected AF of the Representative Concentration Pathway simulations are lower than their expected radiative forcing (RF) in 2095 but agree well with efficacy weighted forcings from integrated assessment models. The smaller AF, compared to RF, is likely due to cloud adjustment. Multimodel time series of temperature change and AF from 1850 to 2100 have large intermodel spreads throughout the period. The intermodel spread of temperature change is principally driven by forcing differences in the present day and climate feedback differences in 2095, although forcing differences are still important for model spread at 2095. We find no significant relationship between the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of a model and its 2003 AF, in contrast to that found in older models where higher ECS models generally had less forcing. Given the large present‐day model spread, there is no indication of any tendency by modelling groups to adjust their aerosol forcing in order to produce observed trends. Instead, some CMIP5 models have a relatively large positive forcing and overestimate the observed temperature change.
Application of ANN and Genetic Algorithm for Evaluation the OptimumLocation of Arresters on Power Networks due to the Switching Overvoltages

SUMMARY Switching surges are of primary importance in insulation co-ordination of EHV lines, as well as in designing insulation of apparatuses. The magnitude and shape of the switching overvoltages vary with the system parameters, network configuration and the point-on-wave where the switching operation takes place. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) based approach to estimate the peak value of overvoltages and the global risk of failure generated by switching transients during line energizing or re-energizing in different nodes of a power network. Then a genetic algorithm (GA) based method is developed to find the best position of surge arresters on power networks so as to minimize the global risk of the network. power network to minimize the global risk of insulation in the network. Results of the studies are presented for a sample EHV network of Iranian grid to illustrate the proposed approach.
Development of a Clinical Algorithm to Triage Potential Candidates for Upper Extremity Tendon Transfer Surgery in Individuals with Tetraplegia: A Retrospective Study

Background: Upper extremity (U/E) function may be greatly improved after reconstructive tendon transfer surgery in individuals with tetraplegia. An effective means of triaging potential candidates would optimize the referral process to rehabilitation and surgical teams. Objectives: To propose a set of criteria to target individuals with tetraplegia who may be potential candidates to undergo comprehensive assessment prior to reconstructive U/E surgery; to apply these criteria to a group of individuals with tetraplegia to determine the percentage of eligibility for presurgical assessment; and to compare these figures with those previously reported in the literature. Setting: A rehabilitation hospital offering specialized inpatient rehabilitation following spinal cord injury in Quebec, Canada. Methods: Retrospective chart review of individuals with tetraplegia discharged from a rehabilitation hospital between April 1, 2006 and March 31, 2010. Potential eligibility for surgery was assessed based on U/E motor function, age, medical comorbidities, compliance issues, and personal preferences. In subjects who were considered ineligible based on residual U/E strength, neurological level, injury severity and age were analysed to determine trends and significance. Results: Out of 221 individuals with tetraplegia, sixteen (7.2%) were deemed potential candidates, and three (1.3%) underwent reconstructive surgery within the defined time frame. One hundred and seventy six (176) individuals were considered ineligible for surgery due to sufficient (n=140; 63.3%) or insufficient (n=36; 16.3%) U/E motor function. Neurological level, injury severity and age were all significantly associated with potential surgery eligibility. Conclusion: The use of objective criteria is advocated to triage potential candidates to be referred for comprehensive assessment prior to planning reconstructive U/E surgery. A smaller percentage of individuals with tetraplegia seem eligible for reconstructive U/E surgery than previously reported. Most individuals considered ineligible for surgery had sufficient U/E motor function, were older and had sustained an incomplete SCI.
Developing technology pushed breakthroughs: an empirical study

Developing a technology push product that brings real novelty to the market is difficult, risky and costly. This case study analyzes success factors defined by the literature. True industrial cases, representing Finnish ICT firms in their early phase after a successful market entry, were researched for the success factor analysis. The whole set of the previously introduced success factors were variably supported, and three new factors arose. Because the technology pushed development processes are risky with high failure rates, the validated success factors are valuable knowledge for the developments intensive firm’s management.
Computer Games and Their Impact on Creativity of Primary Level Students in Tehran

Creativity is about being sensitive to dilemmas, losses, problems, and existing errors, making propositions about and examining such issues, which finally leads to innovative findings. On the other hand, it seems that games are important in this process; since they can improve creativity of the individuals. Thus, this research pays attention to the question that whether computer games affect creativity of students at primary level in schools or not? Moreover, in this study, students of 3 main districts of Tehran municipality were studied. Based on the available data of the ministry, there were 51740 students studying in these three districts. Thus, 381 students were randomly selected as the research sample. Findings revealed that all computer games, i.e. puzzle, intellectual, and enigma, affect creativity of students at primary level in schools to different extents.
Interleukin 6 and 8 gene expression responses to resistance exercise and the correlation to muscle mass

The post exercise inflammatory response is a key signalling mechanism regulating muscle protein synthesis. The purpose of this research was firstly to determine whether muscle mass in non-strength trained individuals was associated with the inflammatory muscle gene response after a single bout of eccentric muscle loading. Secondly, to determine whether changes in muscle cross-sectional area after a chronic increase in muscle loading (resistance training) is related to the inflammatory gene response to a single bout of muscle loading. Eleven male participants (21.6 ± 4.1 years) volunteered for this study. Each participant completed a preliminary testing session that consisted of two triggered muscle biopsies, one immediately before and a second, one hour after a leg extensor resistance exercise bout, including the exercises leg press and leg extension. Eight weeks comprising 3 sets of 10 to 12 reps per set of training followed, where by all participants completed training at moderate intensity (MR; 70% 1 RM) or high intensity (HR; 90% 1 RM). The relationship between GSA, measured using GT scans of the subjects and gene expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were correlated. It was found that the change in IL-6 gene expression and pre-training GSA were related (r=.61, p (one tailed) < 0.05), as were change in IL-8 expression and pre-training GSA were correlated (r=.85, p (one tailed) < 0.05). For the MR group post-exercise IL-6 and IL-8 expression were correlated with pre-training GSA (r=.93, p (one tailed) < 0.05 and r=. 90, p (one tailed) < 0.05, respectively). For the HR group neither the change in IL-6 nor IL-8 expression correlated with pre-training GSA or any change in GSA. Individuals with the largest initial muscle mass prior to resistance training had the largest inflammatory response to training. However, there was no relationship between the change in GSA and change in gene expression. Only those in the MR group with the largest initial muscle mass showed a large inflammatory response to the exercise. However they did not increase muscle mass the most after the training period. The present research shows that those with a larger muscle mass have a greater inflammatory response to an exercise bout. However, those that have large increases in gene expression over the course of a single exercise bout do not necessarily show a greater increase in muscle mass over the course of a period of strength training.
Quantifying the Trade Effects of NTMs: A Review of the Empirical Literature

In recent years, the imposition of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) has increased rapidly both in quantity and importance. This development, with its considerable economic impact, particularly within the area of global trade, has prompted numerous scholars to explore the direction and magnitude of the trade effects of NTMs. Moreover, increased efforts are being placed on further exploring the determinants behind the use of NTMs, as well as their policy implications. The current paper aims to survey the empirical trade literature, in order to uncover the available responses to major questions regarding the trade effects of NTMs, principally of TBT and SPS measures. Among the questions posed are: (1) How do specific types of NTMs affect imports and exports? (2) Are developing countries more sensitive to NTMs? (3) Are small-medium sized firms more adversely affected by NTMs? (4) How are particular sectors/products affected by NTMs? And, (5) Do Harmonization and Mutual Recognition necessarily impact trade positively?
Spatial Autocorrelation Analyses of the Commuting Preferences by Bus in the Sydney Metropolitan Region

Decreasing public transport use and increasing car dependence have been experienced in many cities in the world. The environmental impact caused by this trend is alarming. In order to achieve sustainable city, one of the targets is to increase the use of public transport and reduce VKT (Vehicle Kilometer Traveled). It is therefore important to study the commuting behavior of residents. Using Journey-to-Work (JTW) Census data for Sydney region (Australia), this paper focused on analysis of commuting preferences by bus. Two techniques were applied to study commuting behavior by bus, i.e. preference functions and Moran’s I spatial statistic. Preference function was used to measure resident’s commuting behavior by bus whilst Moran’s I spatial statistic was applied to study the spatial association or interaction amongst zones and to test their statistical significance. The results showed that the commuting behavior of the workers was not stable spatially. This indicates that the use of one global parameter to estimate future travel is not appropriate. The change in the commuting preferences by bus toward distance maximization has led to the increase of travel distance and VKT. Spatial statistic showed that the interaction was positive for journey-to-work by bus.
Denmark in Europe 1973-2015: Processes of Europeanization and ‘Denmarkization’

Since becoming a member of the European Community in 1973, Denmark has conducted seven referenda on its involvement in the process of European integration. Five of the referenda have produced a ‘yes’ to accession and further integration while the remaining two have resulted in ‘noes’. The Danish approach of using referenda, of claiming opt-outs after ‘noes’ and of setting up parliamentary controls to check government policy in Brussels has been a way of checking Europeanization - in this article termed ‘denmarkization’. For a long period, the two processes of Europeanization and denmarkization have co-existed and helped to create equilibrium and legitimacy behind Danish European policy. However, this seems to have changed lately as denmarkization by centre-right and populist parties no longer appears efficient in safeguarding Danish sovereignty in the vital welfare domain. This has provoked a situation in which Europeanization and denmarkization according to the interpretation of this article are heading for collision, which will necessitate some form of reconfiguration of Danish European policy. This article investigates and discusses this dual-faced aspect of the Danish membership experience and finally raises the question of whether this experience finds parallels in other EU member states
Research Note Interstellar polarization at high galactic latitudes from distant stars - V. First results for the South Galactic Pole

We present the first results of our interstellar polarization programme for the South Galactic Pole (b < −70◦). The new observations (43 stars) combined with previously published data show that there is a substantial interstellar polarization in this area of the sky. Starting at a distance of 300 pc, we have found stars with P > 0.3% including one for which P ≈ 0.6%. These measurements lead to the conclusion that there is a significant amount of interstellar dust at high south galactic latitudes. Futhermore, there is a remarkable alignment seen over the South Polar Cap: for most stars the directions of polarization vectors are aligned with the longitude l ≈ 80◦, close to the expected direction of the global magnetic field. In this respect the SGP seems to differ strongly from its northern counterpart.
Global trends, seasonal cycles and European emissions of dichloromethane, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene from the AGAGE observations at Mace Head, Ireland and Cape Grim, Tasmania

[1] In situ observations (every 4 hours) of dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) from April 1995 to December 2004 and trichloroethene (C 2 HCl 3 ) and tetrachloroethene (C 2 Cl 4 ) from September 2000 to December 2004 are reported for the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) station at Mace Head, Ireland. At a second AGAGE station at Cape Grim, Tasmania, CH 2 Cl 2 and C 2 Cl 4 data collection commenced in 1998 and 2000, respectively. C 2 HCl 3 is below the limit of detection at Cape Grim except during pollution episodes. At Mace Head CH 2 Cl 2 shows a downward trend from 1995 to 2004 of 0.7±0.2 ppt yr -1 (ppt: expressed as dry mole fractions in 10 12 ), although from 1998 to 2004 the decrease has been only 0.3 ± 0.1ppt yr -1 . Conversely, there has been a small but significant growth of 0.05 ± 0.01 ppt yr -1 in CH 2 Cl 2 at Cape Grim. The time series for C 2 HCl 3 and C 2 Cl 4 are relatively short for accurate trend analyses; however, we observe a small but significant decline in C 2 Cl 4 (0.18 ± 0.05 ppt yr -1 ) at Mace Head. European emissions inferred from AGAGE measurements are compared to recent estimates from industry data and show general agreement for C 2 HCl 3 . Emissions estimated from observations are lower than industry emission estimates for C 2 Cl 4 and much lower in the case of CH 2 Cl 2 . A study of wildfires in Tasmania, uncontaminated by urban emissions, suggests that the biomass burning source of CH 2 Cl 2 may have been previously overestimated. All three solvents have distinct annual cycles, with the phases and amplitudes reflecting their different chemical reactivity with OH as the primary sink.
An Efficient Tarf for Detecting Different Attacks in Networks

In networks, where privacy, especially the location privacy of anonymous vehicles is highly concerned, anonymous verification of vehicles is indispensable. Consequently, an attacker who succeeds in forging multiple hostile identifies can easily launch a Sybil attack, gaining a disproportionately large influence. In this paper, to secure the WSNs against adversaries misdirecting the multi-hop routing, we have designed and implemented TARF, a robust trust-aware routing framework for dynamic WSNs. Without tight time synchronization or known geographic information, TARF provides trustworthy and energy-efficient route. Most importantly, TARF proves effective against those harmful attacks developed out of identity deception; the resilience of TARF is verified through extensive evaluation with both simulation and empirical experiments on large-scale WSNs under various scenarios including mobile and RF-shielding network conditions. Further, we have implemented a low-overhead TARF module in Tiny OS; as demonstrated, this implementation can be incorporated into existing routing protocols with the least effort. Based on TARF, we also demonstrated a proof-of-concept mobile target detection application that functions well against an anti-detection mechanism.
Trichomonas gallinae in wintering Common Wood Pigeons Columba palumbus in Spain

We studied the prevalence and potential subclinical effects of infestation by Trichomonas gallinae in 91 hunter-harvested Common Wood Pigeons Columba palumbus from northern (n = 30) and southern (n = 61) Spain during the winter period. All animals were measured, sexed, aged, necropsied and their organs were weighed. Infestation with T. gallinae was diagnosed using three different methods: direct inspection for the presence of lesions, direct microscopic observation and culture. Of the sampled birds, 34.2% were positive for the presence of T. gallinae. Prevalence was significantly higher in adult Wood Pigeons than in the juvenile group, and prevalence was significantly lower in birds sampled from the north. No significant differences in prevalence were found between males and females. Culture was significantly more sensitive than the other methods of diagnosis. Parasitized birds were in poorer body condition, as revealed by their lower body mass and fat reserves. No significant variation could be detected in heart or spleen weight between parasitized and healthy birds. However, juvenile Wood Pigeons in which T. gallinae was detected had a significantly larger bursa of Fabricius. Variations in the prevalence of T. gallinae in Wood Pigeons could be related to migration as well as increased exposure through shared feed and water where these are artificially provided. We also discuss the potential effect of T. gallinae on body condition and the eventual risk for endangered predators through increased exposure to infected prey.