Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Suberin Monomers and Triterpenoids from the Outer Bark of Betula verrucosa Ehrh.

The composition of suberin monomers and triterpenoids from fresh and industrial outer bark of B. verrucosa Ehrh. , the predominant birch species in northern Europe, was determined by high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Analytical procedures, starting with sample hydrolysis with ethanolic alkali, were developed for routine analysis, which allowed suberin monomers and triterpenoids to be determined simultaneously from a single run with the gas Chromatograph. The suberinderived long-chain acids from 20 fresh bark samples comprised an average of 322g/kg of the dry outer bark. The principal suberin monomer was 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (112g/kg dry bark and 36% of the suberin monomers). Among the other monomers, the -hydroxymonobasic acids formed the major group. The triterpenoids from the same bark samples comprised 315g/kg dry bark, with betulinol äs the dominant member. Structurally, the minor triterpenoids represented lup-20(29)-ene and olean12-ene derivatives. The industrial outer bark from a Finnish pulp mill was similar to fresh bark both in amount and composition of suberin monomers and triterpenoids.
PHYTOTOXICITY OF SOIL TRIVALENT CHROMIUM TO WHEAT SEEDLINGS EVALUATED BY CHELATING RESIN EXTRACTION METHOD

A pot experiment of wheat seedlings with the chelating exchange resin Chelex 100, which is used to extract trivalent chromium (Cr[III]) from the soils, was conducted to examine the phytotoxicity of Cr(III)-spiked soils. Plant height and dry weight of the wheat seedlings were adversely affected by the Cr(III)-spiked acidic soils, whereas growth inhibition of wheat seedlings was not found in alkaline soils with the same quantities of added Cr(III). The concentrations of Cr in plant tissues corresponding to 50% reduction (PT50) of plant height and dry weight were 97.6 and 126.0 mg kg−1, respectively. The amount of soil resin-extractable Cr(III) increased with the increase of Cr(III) in the Cr(III)-spiked acidic soils. However, no detectable Cr(III) (≤0.05 mg kg−1) was extractable from the alkaline soils. In addition, the reduction of plant height and dry weight of wheat seedlings and the increase of plant Cr concentration and Cr uptake had a pronounced correlation to the quantity of soil resin-extractable Cr(III) retained by Chelex 100 resin. The correlation between the relative plant height of the wheat seedlings and the amount of soil resin-extractable Cr(III) in a logarithmic scale was well fitted to an exponential type of dose-response relation model (r2 = 0.97). Therefore, the resin extraction method using Chelex 100 could be a reliable method for assessing the phytotoxicity of Cr(III) in Cr-contaminated soils. Based on the dose-response relationship model, the effective concentrations calculated for resin-extractable Cr(III), resulting in 10% and 50% growth inhibition (EC10 and EC50), were 11.4 and 57.8 mg kg−1, respectively.
Bioremediation via In Situ Electrotransformation

ABSTRACT Bioremediation of polluted sites relies on bacteria to degrade or transform contaminants into less noxious chemicals. To do so, bacteria require genes that encode the degradation enzymes and the capacity to properly express them, which may be lacking in indigenous bacteria. To increase the ability of indigenous bacteria to bioremediate a contaminated site, this research proposes the use of electrotransformation to facilitate bacterial uptake of exogenous degradation genes. As a proof of concept, a lindane degradation gene (linA) located on a broad host-spectrum expression plasmid (pBLN) was introduced into soil bacteria by electroporation both in vitro, in liquid media, and in situ, in soil. In both cases, the electrotransformed bacteria displayed an increase in lindane degradation and an increase in the linA gene copy number. The use of in situ electrotransformation could improve pollutant degradation rates and could provide another tool for bioremediation.
The asymmetric rotor : II. calculation of dipole intensities and line classification

A table of line strengths for rigid asymmetric rotors is given, by means of which to this approximation the relative intensities of all important rotational lines up to J < 13 for all bands of any molecule can be readily calculated, provided the asymmetry is roughly the same in the initial and final states. A classification of the irregularly spaced lines of the asymmetric rotor is made into ``sub‐branches'' defined by the changes of the K values of the initial level in the limiting prolate and oblate symmetric rotors, and into ``wings'' which collect together lines of the sub‐branches which have uniformly varying strength and Boltzmann factor, and fairly uniform spacing.
Accumulation of sucrose and starch contents during the grain filling stage of foxtail millet in two cultural practices.

The experiment was carried out to study the effects of three (Flat planting,straw mulching,plastic film-mulching) at N 80 kg/hm2 and planting density plants 120×104-130 ×104 /hm2 on sugar contents and starch accumulation in grains during grain filling of foxtail millet variety Gufeng88. The results showed that straw mulching and plastic film-mulching of the total soluble sugar,sucrose contents and starch accumulation varied with,was decreased by 5%,17% than that of CK,was decreased by 22%,0.20% than that of CK,was increased by 6%,11% than that of CK. The degradation of total soluble sugar and sucrose foxtail millet straw and plastic film-mulching and the ability supplying and utilizing assimilate straw and plastic film-mulching were strong during grain filling stage.
Osmotic Coefficients and Surface Tensions of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions: Role of Dispersion Forces

Osmotic coefficients of a series of 16 aqueous electrolyte solutions are described at concentrations up to about 1 M with the help of HNC calculations and solvent-averaged potentials of charged hard spheres with an additional necessary dispersion potential, omitted from all earlier treatments. The adjusted ionic radii and excess polarizabilities have values of the expected order of magnitude. Whereas the description of the bulk properties is satisfactory, the theory is not so successful in predicting the surface tensions of the corresponding solutions (Hofmeister series). The reasons for this are quite subtle and explored in the text. It is clear now how to make further progress and tackle hydration in a consistent way.
Titanium surface roughness alters responsiveness of MG63 osteoblast‐like cells to 1α,25‐(OH)2D3

Surface roughness has been shown to affect differentiation and local factor production of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. This study examined whether surface roughness alters cellular response to circulating hormones such as 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. Unalloyed titanium (Ti) disks were pretreated with HF/HNO3 (PT) and then were machined and acid-etched (MA). Ti disks also were sandblasted (SB), sandblasted and acid etched (CA), or plasma sprayed with Ti particles (PS). The surfaces, from smoothest to roughest, were: PT, MA, CA, SB, and PS. MG63 cells were cultured to confluence on standard tissue culture polystyrene (plastic) or the Ti surfaces and then treated for 24 h with either 10(-8) M or 10(-7) M 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 or vehicle (control). Cellular response was measured by assaying cell number, cell layer alkaline phosphatase specific-activity, and the production of osteocalcin, latent (L) TGF beta, and PGE2. Alkaline phosphatase activity was affected by surface roughness; as the surface became rougher, the cells showed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Addition of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 to the cultures caused a dose-dependent stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity that was synergistic with the effect caused by surface roughness alone. 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 also caused a synergistic increase in osteocalcin production as well as local factor (LTGF beta and PGE2) production on the rougher CA, SB, and PS surfaces, but it had no effect on the production on smooth surfaces. The inhibitory effect of surface roughness on cell number was not affected by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 except on the SB surface. 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 decreased cell number, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production, and had no effect on LTGF beta or PGE2 production by MG63 cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene. These data suggest that bone cell response to systemic hormones is modified by surface roughness and that surface roughness increases the responsiveness of MG63 cells to 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. They also suggest that the endocrine system is actively involved in normal bone healing around implants.
Postdeposition annealing of radio frequency magnetron sputtered ZnO films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been deposited on 1 μm SiO2/Si (100) substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. Using a sputtering gas of pure oxygen, a pressure regime is found in which the ZnO films grow on room temperature substrates with a single (0001) orientation, small grains (crystallite sizes ∼10–15 nm), and high intrinsic biaxial compressive stress (∼6 GPa). The effects of post‐deposition annealing these films in air was investigated over a range of temperatures (200–1000 °C) and durations (2–2000 min). Annealing resulted in lower biaxial compressive stresses and increased average crystallite sizes in all films. Additional ZnO grain orientations were detected only after annealing above 500 °C for longer than 90 min, and the results are interpreted in terms of film recrystallization. Consequently, a relatively rapid thermal anneal at 1000 °C for 5 min caused grain recovery without recrystallization, resulting in maximum stress reduction (90%–100% of stress was relieved and average crystallized size tripl.
The Impact of Green Human Resource Management on Hotel Employees’ Eco-Friendly Behavior

Human Resources Management (HRM) embraces considering environmental practices to increase their employees’ commitment and to improve better performance on the issues of environmental management. The research aim is to determine the impact of Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) on employees’ eco-friendly behavior. This research reports the findings of a survey from hotel employees who had at least one-year work experience in Cairo. A survey of 220 employees was conducted from January 2019 till June 2019. The survey included six statements related to the GHRM and one statement related to the employees' eco-behavior. Five hypotheses were verified and all of them were supported. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the measurements model using AMOS 4. The results demonstrate that green human resource management promotes employees’ eco-friendly behavior. Finally, this study presents a useful model of green human resources management policies that hotel HR managers should establish to support their environmental practices.
Raman spectroscopy of submicron KNO3 films. II. Fatigue and space‐charge effects

Raman spectroscopy of KNO3 thin‐film ferroelectric memories has been performed as a function of film thickness, temperature, annealing procedures, and read‐write cycles (fatigue). The results show that conversion to phase II is not the cause of failure in these memory devices, in agreement with the x‐ray results of Schaffer and Mikkola. Waiting time effects are in accord with the space‐charge theory of Takahashi.
Morphogenesis of One‐Dimensional ZnO Nano‐ and Microcrystals

timescales of hundreds of seconds (0.00 lm 2 s ±1). It is interesting that in the neutral MEA experiment, in which some of the surface amine groups are protonated, the diffusion coefficient was slightly lower than in the other cases. A surprising result was obtained when measuring the diffusion coefficients of the three sizes of MESA particles on the neutral surface derivatized with hexadecanethiol (C 16 H 33 SH). Comparing D values to those found on the MESA surface, we found near agreement for all but the small-diameter particles (6 lm  90 nm), which reproducibly stuck to the substrate immediately on contact. For larger particles, the long-range elec-trostatic force (presumably between the negatively charged sulfonate groups and an image charge in the substrate) is expected to dominate, [22] but for smaller ones the short-range van der Waals force is more important. Apparently, the two are closely balanced for the C 16 H 33 SH functionalized surface with rods of the size investigated here. While the scaling of these interactions is not completely understood at present, these initial studies provide some guidance as to the conditions that are desirable for nanorod assembly experiments. The observation of pH-dependent diffusion may, for example, be useful for affixing particles to specific areas or in specific conformations on basic surfaces. More importantly, the particle tracking method described here provides a simple and convenient method for quantifying the surface diffusion of non-spherical particles under arbitrary conditions. Experimental Whatman Al 2 O 3 filter membranes that contain 300±350 nm diameter internal pores were used as a template material. For 90 nm internal pore diameter, Al 2 O 3 membranes were prepared in-house by the electrochemical anodization of an Al plate [23]. In both cases, one face of the membranes was coated with approximately 150 nm of thermally evaporated Ag. More Ag was electrodepos-ited (Silver 1024, Technic, Inc.) directly onto the evaporated Ag in order to close any open pores. This Ag layer was then used as the back contact in the electrochemical cell, and more Ag was deposited, further filling-in the pores. The membrane and cell were rinsed with deionized H 2 O, and Au solution was added (Orotemp, Technic, Inc.). Plating was stopped with the desired rod length was reached. The Ag backing was removed by dissolving in 2 mL of 50 % HNO 3 , and the Al 2 O 3 template was dissolved …
The Effect of pH on Peroxidase-Mediated Oxidation of and DNA Adduct Formation by Ellipticine

In order to understand the mechanism of enzymatic activation of an antineoplastic agent ellipticine, we investigated the effect of pH on the efficiency of three model peroxidases (bovine lactoperoxidase, human myeloperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase) in oxidation of ellipticine and in formation ellipticine-DNA adducts. The formation of the major ellipticine metabolite, ellipticine dimer, in which two ellipticine residues are connected through nitrogen N6 in the pyrrole ring of one of the ellipticine moieties and carbon C9 of the other ellipticine, and formation of four ellipticine-DNA adducts were analyzed. All three peroxidases oxidize ellipticine to dimer and form ellipticine-DNA adducts, but lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase were less efficient in these processes than horseradish peroxidase. More than one order of magnitude higher rates of formation of dimer and amounts of the DNA adducts were found upon horseradish peroxidase than in reactions with lactoperoxidase or myeloperoxidase. An acid pH optimum was found for the formation of ellipticine dimer (pH 6.4), while the highest binding of ellipticine activated by peroxidases to DNA was detectable at pH 8.4. Likewise, the highest binding of 5-(hydroxymethyl)ellipticine, a metabolite of ellipticine generated by cytochrome P450, to DNA was found at pH 8.4. The results presented here are a contribution to the explanation of the reaction mechanism of formation of the major deoxyguanosine adduct in DNA generated from ellipticine in vivo and in vitro by its activation with cytochromes P450 and peroxidases.
Lithium Isotope Separation by Cryptand (2B, 2, 1) Polymer

Single stage separation factors α have been determined for 7Li and 7Li between lithium ions in methanol and complexed ions with a cryptand (2B, 2,1) polymer. The 6Li was concentrated in the cryptand. The separation factors were compared with the values of other chemical exchange systems. The maximum enrichment factor obtained was e=0.047±0.002. The figure is one of the greatest in the chemical exchange reactions without valence change and almost 10 times larger than the values of ion exchangers. The variation in α depending on the chemical species was small in the non-aqueous system. High enrichment of lithium isotopes was expected to be achievable by means of the chromatographic application of the cryptand (2B, 2,1).
On the replica approach to random directed polymers in two dimensions

In this note we study directed polymers in a two dimensional random medium with short range noise using the replica approach. We find the predictions of the replica symmetric theory and we compare them with exact results. We consider the possibility of spontaneous symmetry breaking and we suggest that replica symmetry is weakly broken also in this two dimensional model
Structural Influences of Sodium and Calcium Ions on the Biogenic Manganese Oxides Produced by the Marine Bacillus Sp., Strain SG-1

Natural manganese oxide nanoparticles and grain coatings profoundly impact contaminant cycling in the environment through their ability to degrade organic compounds and sequester metal ions. Previous studies of biogenic manganese oxides have shown that the interlayer cation may have an important effect on the resulting oxide structure. The effect of Na and Ca ions was investigated to determine their fundamental roles in the stabilization of the phyllomanganate biooxide structure, its unit cell symmetry, and order/disorder relations. Biogenic oxides were created by incubating Mn(II) with spores of the marine Bacillus sp. , strain SG-1 and the resulting oxide structures examined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to determine the short-range and long-range atomic structure. Phyllomanganates were observed exclusively, with differing degrees of layer stacking disorder, degree of crystallinity, and layer symmetry, depending on the cation present. In general, Ca was found to promote biooxide long-range order. We conclude that the presence of Ca in these oxides will confer greater stability to these bacteriogenic manganese bioxodes.
The Sustainability of Food Served at Wedding Banquets

Wedding banquets are large contributors of pollution. Yet, no research measuring the sustainability of the food served at wedding banquets was found. This study calculated carbon emissions produced by the food served at 105 wedding banquets. The findings indicated that beef entrées comprised less than 20% of items served, yet accounted for nearly 90% of carbon emissions. While chicken was the most popular entrée served, it had the least negative environmental impact of the animal proteins offered, including fish. Offering more sustainable menu items and educating clients/brides about ways to make their wedding banquets “greener” could benefit the environment.
Verfahren zur Minderung von NOx-Emissionen in Rauchgasen

Processes for lowering NOx emissions in flue gases. The authors survey processes currently under development for reducing NOx emission levels of combustion units. Primary measures, i.e. acting upon the combustion process itself, do not suffice to meet the recently stiffened limiting emission values; particular attention is therefore paid to secondary measures involving the flue gases. The article describes both wet processes and dry catalytic and non-catalytic processes, some of which can also be employed for simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2. In view of the fast large-scale implementation demanded, only a few, already extensively developed processes will presumable be accepted, and will play a considerable role on an industrial scale.
Fault Detection Based on a Maximum-Likelihood Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Mixture

Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) that is based on principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied to many industrial processes. Such an approach assumes that the process signals are normally distributed and exhibit stationary behavior. These assumptions significantly limit the range of applicability of the methodology. In this paper, a monitoring scheme based on a maximum-likelihood PCA (MLPCA) mixture is proposed. The main idea behind the approach is that complex data patterns obtained from a process can be described by several local models. A learning algorithm that helps determine model structure, i.e., the number of local PCA models to be constructed and the number of principal components to be included in each local model, is proposed, resulting in the efficient determination of a MLPCA mixture model. Two monitoring statistics used in the MLPCA-based monitoring scheme are then derived and a two-step fault detection method is proposed. Several mathematical models that describe diffe.
Tribological Property of a Triazine Derivative in Rapeseed Oil

2-propylamino-4,6-(O,O’-dibuthyldithiophosphate)-s-1,3,5-triazine(DPOB)was synthesized and it’s tribological behavior as lubricant in rapeseed oil (RSO) were evaluated using a four-ball tester. The lubrication mechanism was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the compound possess excellent load-carrying capacity and antiwear ability, and has some friction-reducing property only under the low load condition. Based on the results of XPS and SEM analysis, it can be seen that tribochemical reaction occurred between the synthesized compounds and metal surfaces during the sliding process, to form a complex film which has excellent load-carrying capacity and antiwear ability.
Innovations in the dairy chain: bio-economic analysis of novel breeding opportunities

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the dairy sector to move from producing bulk dairy commodities towards producing specialized dairy products aimed at niche markets. Dairy farmers consider shifting from commodity milk to raw milk with specialized composition to meet consumer or industrial demands. In this context, the objectives of the thesis were 1) to assess qualitatively future scenarios to create value added in the dairy chain and 2) to ex-ante assess quantitatively the technical and economic implications at farm level of producing differentiated raw milk by using genetic selection. A two-step approach was applied, where the first step assessed qualitatively the strategic opportunities offered by a wide range of novel methods emerging at various stages in the production chain, whereas the second step assessed quantitatively the implications of specific strategies on farm level. The main findings indicate that creating value added is vital for the sustainable growth of the dairy industry, and producing raw milk with specialized characteristics by using novel breeding concepts can play an important role in this process. The ex-ante quantitative assessments have found no evidence that implementing novel genetic selection strategies to change fat or protein composition in milk would have large effects on herd production and profitability. The stakeholders of the dairy industry should initiate joint action plans to capitalize on the opportunities offered by recent milk genomics research.
A Procedure for the Separation and Quantitative Analysis of Ascorbic Acid, Dehydroascorbic Acid, Isoascorbic Acid, and Dehydroisoascorbic Acid in Food and Animal Tissue

Abstract A procedure is presented for the direct and simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and isoascorbic acid (IAA) in food products and animal tissues by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two PLRP-S columns in series were used with a pH 2.2 mobile phase containing 20 mM phosphate buffer and 0.17% metaphosphoric acid. An amperometric detector set at 0.7 volt and 20 mA was used. As little as 0.5 ng of each compound could be detected. When the same samples were incubated with homocysteine to reduce dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) and dehydroisoascorbic acid (DHIAA) to AA and IAA respectively and reinjected into the system, the values for total AA and IAA were obtained. The concentration of the oxidized forms, DHAA and DHIAA, could then be calculated by substraction.