Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction de segments thématiques pour la construction de résumé multi-document orienté par un profil utilisateur

Dans cet article, nous présentons une méthode qui vise à donner à un utilisateur la possibilité de parcourir rapidement un ensemble de documents par le biais d’un profil utilisateur. Un profil est un ensemble de termes structuré en sous-ensembles thématiquement homogènes. L’analyse des documents se fonde pour sa part sur l’extraction des passages les plus étroitement en relation avec ce profil. Cette analyse permet en particulier d’étendre le vocabulaire définissant un profil en fonction du document traité en sélectionnant les termes de ce dernier les plus étroitement liés aux termes du profil. Cette capacité ouvre ainsi la voie à une plus grande finesse du filtrage en permettant la sélection d’extraits de documents ayant un lien plus ténu avec les profils mais davantage susceptibles d’apporter des informations nouvelles et donc intéressantes. La production du résumé résulte de l’appariement entre les segments délimités lors de l’analyse des documents et les thèmes du profil.
Spoken WordNet

WordNets have been used in a wide variety of applications, including in design and development of intelligent and human assisting systems. Although WordNet was initially developed as an online lexical database, (Miller, 1995 and Fellbaum, 1998) later developments have inspired using WordNet database as resources in NLP applications, Language Technology developments, and as sources of structured learned materials. This paper proposes, conceptualizes, designs, and develops a voice enabled information retrieval system, facilitating WordNet knowledge presentation in a spoken format, based on a spoken query. In practice, the work converts the WordNet resource into a structured voiced based knowledge extraction system, where a spoken query is processed in a pipeline, and then extracting the relevant WordNet resources, structuring through another process pipeline, and then presented in spoken format. Thus the system facilitates a speech interface to the existing WordNet and we named the system as “Spoken WordNet”. The system interacts with two interfaces, one designed and developed for Web, and the other as an App interface for smartphone. This is also a kind of restructuring the WordNet as a friendly version for visually challenged users. User can input query string in the form of spoken English sentence or word. Jaccard Similarity is calculated between the input sentence and the synset definitions. The one with highest similarity score is taken as the synset of interest among multiple available synsets. User is also prompted to choose a contextual synset, in case of ambiguities.
OGMIOS : une plate-forme d’annotation linguistique de collection de documents issus du Web

L’un des objectifs du projet ALVIS est d’intégrer des informations linguistiques dans des moteurs de recherche spécialisés. Dans ce contexte, nous avons conçu une plate-forme d’enrichissement linguistique de documents issus du Web, OGMIOS, exploitant des outils de TAL existants. Les documents peuvent être en français ou en anglais. Cette architecture est distribuée, afin de répondre aux contraintes liées aux traitements de gros volumes de textes, et adaptable, pour permettre l’analyse de sous-langages. La plate-forme est développée en Perl et disponible sous forme de modules CPAN. C’est une structure modulaire dans lequel il est possible d’intégrer de nouvelles ressources ou de nouveaux outils de TAL. On peut ainsi définir des configuration différentes pour différents domaines et types de collections. Cette plateforme robuste permet d’analyser en masse des données issus du web qui sont par essence très hétérogènes. Nous avons évalué les performances de la plateforme sur plusieurs collections de documents. En distribuant les traitements sur vingt machines, une collection de 55 329 documents du domaine de la biologie (106 millions de mots) a été annotée en 35 heures tandis qu’une collection de 48 422 dépêches relatives aux moteurs de recherche (14 millions de mots) a été annotée en 3 heures et 15 minutes.
Traitement de désignations orales dans un contexte visuel

Nous nous intéressons aux systèmes multimodaux qui utilisent les modes et modalités suivantes : l’oral (et le langage naturel) en entrée et en sortie, le geste en entrée et le visuel en sortie par affichage sur écran. L’usager échange avec le système par un geste et/ou un énoncé oral en langue naturelle. Dans cet échange, encodé sur les différentes modalités, se trouvent l’expression du but de l’usager et la désignation des objets (référents) nécessaires à la réalisation de ce but. Le système doit identifier de manière précise et non ambiguë les objets désignés par l’usager. Nous traitons plus spécialement dans cet article les désignations orales, sans geste, des objets dans le contexte visuel. En effet, l’ensemble du contexte multimodal, dont le mode visuel, influe sur la production de l’entrée de l’usager. Afin d’identifier une désignation produite en s’appuyant sur le contexte visuel, nous proposons un algorithme qui utilise des connaissances « classiques » linguistiques, des connaissances sur les objets manipulés, et des connaissances sur les aspects perceptifs (degré de saillance) associés à ces objets.
Weight Change After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Isolated Dystonia

Purpose: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment method for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and isolated dystonia and provides marked improvement of major motor symptoms. In addition, non-motor effects have been reported including weight gain (WG) in patients with PD after STN-DBS. However, it is still unclear whether patients with isolated dystonia also experience WG. Methods: Data from 47 patients with isolated dystonia who underwent bilateral STN-DBS surgery between October 2012 and June 2019 were retrospectively collected. The severity of dystonia was assessed via the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Changes in the body mass index (BMI) and BFMDRS score were analyzed using paired Student's t-tests. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors that affected the BMI after surgery. Results: Postoperative WG was observed in 78.7% of patients. The percentage of overweight and obese patients increased from 25.5% (before STN-DBS) to 48.9% (at the last follow-up). The mean BMI and mean percentage change in BMI increased by 1.32 ± 1.83 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) and 6.28 ± 8.34%, respectively. BMI increased more in female than in male patients. At the last follow-up, BFMDRS movement and disability scores improved by 69.76 ± 33.23% and 65.66 ± 31.41%, respectively (both P < 0.001). The final regression model analysis revealed that sex and preoperative BMI alone were independently associated with BMI change (P < 0.05). Conclusions: STN-DBS is associated with postoperative WG with patients with isolated dystonia. WG is more prominent in female patients and is associated with preoperative weight but not with the efficacy of STN-DBS on motor symptoms.
Influence of Social Distance Expressed by Driving Support Agent’s Utterance on Psychological Acceptability

In this study, we discuss the psychological acceptability of an utterance strategy used by the Driving Support Agent (DSA). Previous literature regarding DSA suggests that the adoption of a small robot as a form will increase acceptability. However, the agent’s utterance has been reported as a problem faced by the user. Therefore, in this study, we designed the agent’s utterance using politeness strategy as described by Brown and Levinson’s famous sociolinguistics and pragmatics theory and analyzed its acceptability through a participant-based experiment. In this experiment, we used positive and negative politeness strategies (PPS and NPS, respectively). In general, PPS is utilized to reflect the desire to be liked/recognized by others, whereas NPS is utilized to reflect the need for not wanting to be disturbed by others. Based on our results, PPS was rated high compared to NPS (n = 197). Therefore, many participants highly evaluated PPS. However, there was a group of participants who appreciated NPS. There were also participants who evaluated the two strategies equally. The number of participants in these three groups was observed at 4:1:1. This result contributes as an index on the utterance design of the DSA.
Advanced NSCLC Patients With EGFR T790M Harboring TP53 R273C or KRAS G12V Cannot Benefit From Osimertinib Based on a Clinical Multicentre Study by Tissue and Liquid Biopsy

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) almost always acquire resistance, and the development of novel techniques analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have made it possible for liquid biopsy to detect genetic alterations from limited amount of DNA with less invasiveness. While a large amount of patients with EGFR exon 21 p.Thr790 Met (T790M) benefited from osimertinib treatment, acquired resistance to osimertinb has subsequently become a growing challenge. Methods We performed tissue and liquid rebiopsy on 50 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC who acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. Plasma samples underwent droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) examinations. Corresponding tissue samples underwent NGS and Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 (Cobas) examinations. Results Of the 50 patients evaluated, the mutation detection rates of liquid biopsy group and tissue biopsy group demonstrated no significant differences (41/48, 85.4% vs. 44/48, 91.7%; OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.15 to 1.95). Overall concordance, defined as the proportion of patients for whom at least one identical genomic alteration was identified in both tissue and plasma, was 78.3% (36/46, 95% CI=0.39 to 2.69). Moreover, our results showed that almost half of the patients (46%, 23/50) resistant to first-generation EGFR-TKI harbored p.Thr790 Met (T790M) mutation. 82.6% (19/23) of the T790M positive patients were analyzed by liquid biopsy and 60.9% (14/23) by tumor tissue sequencing. Meanwhile, a wide range of uncommon mutations was detected, and novel mechanisms of osimertinib resistance were discovered. In addition, 16.7% (2/12) of the T790M positive patients with either TP53 R237C or KRAS G12V failed to benefit from the subsequent osimertinib treatment. Conclusion Our results emphasized that liquid biopsy is applicable to analyze the drug resistance mechanisms of NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. Moreover, we discovered two uncommon mutations, TP53 R273C and KRAS G12V, which attenuates the effectiveness of osimertinib.
Chronic Stress Induces Sex-Specific Functional and Morphological Alterations in Corticoaccumbal and Corticotegmental Pathways

Background The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is part of a complex circuit controlling stress responses by sending projections to different limbic structures including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the impact of chronic stress on NAc-and VTA-projecting mPFC neurons is still unknown and the distinct contribution of these pathways to stress responses in males and females is unclear. Methods Behavioral stress response in both sexes was induced by 21 days of chronic variable stress (CVS). An inter-sectional viral approach was used to label both pathways and assess the functional, morphological, and transcriptional adaptations in NAc-and VTA-projecting mPFC neurons in stressed males and females. Using chemogenetic approaches, we modified neuronal activity of NAc-projecting mPFC neurons to decipher their contribution to stress phenotypes in both sexes. Results CVS induced depressive-like behaviors in males and females. NAc- and VTA-projecting mPFC neurons exhibited sex-specific functional, morphological, and transcriptional alterations. The functional changes were more important in females in NAc-projecting mPFC neurons while males exhibited a more drastic reduction in dendritic complexity in VTA-projecting mPFC neurons after CVS. Finally, chemogenetic overactivation of the cortico-accumbal pathway triggered anxiety and behavioral despair in both sexes while its inhibition rescued the phenotype only in females. Conclusions Our results suggest that chronic stress impacts the cortico-accumbal and cortico-tegmental pathways differently in males and females through sex-specific functional, morphological, and transcriptional alterations in mPFC neurons. Furthermore, our results suggest that the cortico-accumbal pathway contributes to the expression of anxiety and behavioral despair in females.
A Novel Model Based on Spatial and Morphological Domains to Predict the Origin of Premature Ventricular Contraction

Pace mapping is commonly used to locate the origin of ventricular arrhythmias, especially premature ventricular contraction (PVC). However, this technique relies on clinicians’ ability to rapidly interpret ECG data. To avoid time-consuming interpretation of ECG morphology, some automated algorithms or computational models have been explored to guide the ablation. Inspired by these studies, we propose a novel model based on spatial and morphological domains. The purpose of this study is to assess this model and compare it with three existing models. The data are available from the Experimental Data and Geometric Analysis Repository database in which three in vivo PVC patients are included. To measure the hit rate (A hit occurs when the predicted site is within 15 mm of the target) of different algorithms, 47 target sites are tested. Moreover, to evaluate the efficiency of different models in narrowing down the target range, 54 targets are verified. As a result, the proposed algorithm achieves the most hits (37/47) and fewest misses (9/47), and it narrows down the target range most, from 27.62 ± 3.47 mm to 10.72 ± 9.58 mm among 54 target sites. It is expected to be applied in the real-time prediction of the origin of ventricular activation to guide the clinician toward the target site.
Diets and Cellular-Derived Microparticles: Weighing a Plausible Link With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a spectrum of pathological processes of various etiologies affecting the brain microcirculation that can trigger neuroinflammation and the subsequent neurodegenerative cascade. Prevalent with aging, CSVD is a recognized risk factor for stroke, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Despite being the most common neurodegenerative condition with cerebrocardiovascular axis, understanding about it remains poor. Interestingly, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet including high intake of processed food, high-fat foods, and animal by-products are known to influence the non-neural peripheral events, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular stress through cellular inflammation and oxidation. One key outcome from such events, among others, includes the cellular activations that lead to elevated levels of endogenous cellular-derived circulating microparticles (MPs). MPs can be produced from various cellular origins including leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, microbiota, and microglia. MPs could act as microthrombogenic procoagulant that served as a plausible culprit for the vulnerable end-artery microcirculation in the brain as the end-organ leading to CSVD manifestations. However, little attention has been paid on the potential role of MPs in the onset and progression of CSVD spectrum. Corroboratively, the formation of MPs is known to be influenced by diet-induced cellular stress. Thus, this review aims to appraise the body of evidence on the dietary-related impacts on circulating MPs from non-neural peripheral origins that could serve as a plausible microthrombosis in CSVD manifestation as a precursor of neurodegeneration. Here, we elaborate on the pathomechanical features of MPs in health and disease states; relevance of dietary patterns on MP release; preclinical studies pertaining to diet-based MPs contribution to disease; MP level as putative surrogates for early disease biomarkers; and lastly, the potential of MPs manipulation with diet-based approach as a novel preventive measure for CSVD in an aging society worldwide.
Genome-Wide Identification and Low Temperature Responsive Pattern of Actin Depolymerizing Factor (ADF) Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) gene family, which is conserved in eukaryotes, is important for plant development, growth, and stress responses. Cold stress restricts wheat growth, development, and distribution. However, genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the ADF family in wheat is limited. Further, because of the promising role of ADF genes in cold response, there is need for an understanding of the function of this family on wheat under cold stress. In this study, 25 ADF genes (TaADFs) were identified in the wheat genome and they are distributed on 15 chromosomes. The TaADF gene structures, duplication events, encoded conversed motifs, and cis-acting elements were investigated. Expression profiles derived from RNA-seq data and real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the tissue- and temporal-specific TaADF expression patterns. In addition, the expression levels of TaADF13/16/17/18/20/21/22 were significantly affected by cold acclimation or freezing conditions. Overexpression of TaADF16 increased the freezing tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis, possibly because of enhanced ROS scavenging and changes to the osmotic regulation in cells. The expression levels of seven cold-responsive genes were up-regulated in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, regardless of whether the plants were exposed to low temperature. These findings provide fundamental information about the wheat ADF genes and may help to elucidate the regulatory effects of the encoded proteins on plant development and responses to low-temperature stress.
The Current Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and it originates from the mucous epithelium of the nasopharynx. Because it is “hidden”, the symptoms of NPC can easily be missed, and more than 70% of patients present with locally advanced disease at diagnosis. Concurrent radiation therapy with chemotherapy can significantly improve regional control of NPC. At present, distant metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure. At the end of the 20th century, clinical trial No. IG0099 in the United States confirmed the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for the first time. However, in the past 20 years, various clinical trials and meta-analyses conducted globally have yielded contradictory results regarding the effect of AC on locally advanced NPC. AC has changed from category 1 to the current category 2A in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, and it remains controversial whether AC can significantly improve the survival of NPC patients. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the role of AC in locally advanced NPC by comparing some treatment methods. We conclude the role of AC in treating locally advanced NPC, based on the studies presented, remains undefined but is associated with increased toxicity.
Local Geomorphological Gradients and Land Use Patterns Play Key Role on the Soil Bacterial Community Diversity and Dynamics in the Highly Endemic Indigenous Afrotemperate Coastal Scarp Forest Biome

Southern Afrotemperate forests are small multi-layered and highly fragmented biodiversity rich biomes that support unique flora and fauna endemism. However, little is known about the microbial community and their contribution to these ecosystems. In this study, high throughput sequencing analysis was used to investigate the soil bacterial community structure and function, and understand the effect of local topography/geomorphological formations and land use patterns on a coastal scarp forest. Soil samples were collected from three forest topography sites: upper (steeper gradients, 30–55°; open canopy cover, <30%), mid (less steep, 15–30°; continuous forest canopy, >80%), and lower (flatter gradient, <15°; open canopy cover, 20–65%), and from the adjacent sugarcane farms. Results indicated that forest soils were dominated by members of phyla Proteobacteria (mainly members of α-proteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes, while Actinobacteria and to a lesser extent β-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria dominated SC soils. The core bacterial community clustered by habitat (forest vs. sugarcane farm) and differed significantly between the forest topography sites. The Rhizobiales (genera Variibacter, Bradyrhizobium, and unclassified Rhizobiales) and Rhodospirallales (unclassified Rhodospirillum DA111) were more abundant in forest mid and lower topographies. Steeper forest topography (forest_upper) characterized by the highly leached sandy/stony acidic soils, low in organic nutrients (C and N) and plant densities correlated to significant reduction of bacterial diversity and richness, associating significantly with members of order Burkholderiales (Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Delftia, and Massilia) as the key indicator taxa. In contrast, changes in the total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), and high acidity (low pH) significantly influenced bacterial community structure in sugarcane farm soils, with genus Acidothermus (Frankiales) and uncultured Solirubrobacterales YNFP111 were the most abundant indicator taxa. Availability of soil nutrients (TN and SOM) was the strongest driver of metabolic functions related to C fixation and metabolism, N and S cycling; these processes being significantly abundant in forest than sugarcane farm soils. Overall, these results revealed that the local topographical/geomorphological gradients and sugarcane farming affect both soil characteristics and forest vegetation (canopy coverage), that indirectly drives the structure and composition of bacterial communities in scarp forest soils.