Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Cues from Diverse Bacteria Enhance Multicellular Development in a Choanoflagellate

Eukaryotic biology is profoundly influenced by interactions with diverse environmental and host-associated bacteria. However, it is not well understood how eukaryotes interpret multiple bacterial cues encountered simultaneously. This question has been challenging to address because of the complexity of many eukaryotic model systems and their associated bacterial communities. Here, we studied a close relative of animals, the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta, to explore how eukaryotes respond to diverse bacterial cues. We found that a bacterial chondroitinase that induces mating on its own can also synergize with bacterial lipids that induce multicellular “rosette” development. When encountered together, these cues enhance rosette development, resulting in both the formation of larger rosettes and an increase in the number of rosettes compared to rosette development in the absence of the chondroitinase. These findings highlight how synergistic interactions among bacterial cues can influence the biology of eukaryotes. ABSTRACT Bacteria regulate the life histories of diverse eukaryotes, but relatively little is known about how eukaryotes interpret and respond to multiple bacterial cues encountered simultaneously. To explore how a eukaryote might respond to a combination of bioactive molecules from multiple bacteria, we treated the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta with two sets of bacterial cues, one that induces mating and another that induces multicellular development. We found that simultaneous exposure to both sets of cues enhanced multicellular development in S. rosetta, eliciting both larger multicellular colonies and an increase in the number of colonies. Thus, rather than conveying conflicting sets of information, these distinct bacterial cues synergize to augment multicellular development. This study demonstrates how a eukaryote can integrate and modulate its response to cues from diverse bacteria, underscoring the potential impact of complex microbial communities on eukaryotic life histories. IMPORTANCE Eukaryotic biology is profoundly influenced by interactions with diverse environmental and host-associated bacteria. However, it is not well understood how eukaryotes interpret multiple bacterial cues encountered simultaneously. This question has been challenging to address because of the complexity of many eukaryotic model systems and their associated bacterial communities. Here, we studied a close relative of animals, the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta, to explore how eukaryotes respond to diverse bacterial cues. We found that a bacterial chondroitinase that induces mating on its own can also synergize with bacterial lipids that induce multicellular “rosette” development. When encountered together, these cues enhance rosette development, resulting in both the formation of larger rosettes and an increase in the number of rosettes compared to rosette development in the absence of the chondroitinase. These findings highlight how synergistic interactions among bacterial cues can influence the biology of eukaryotes.
Robust Graph Representation Learning via Neural Sparsification

Graph representation learning serves as the core of important prediction tasks, ranging from product recommendation to fraud detection. Real-life graphs usually have complex information in the local neighborhood, where each node is described by a rich set of features and connects to dozens or even hundreds of neighbors. Despite the success of neighborhood aggregation in graph neural networks, task-irrelevant information is mixed into nodes’ neighborhood, making learned models suffer from sub-optimal generalization performance. In this paper, we present NeuralSparse, a supervised graph spar-siﬁcation technique that improves generalization power by learning to remove potentially task-irrelevant edges from input graphs. Our method takes both structural and non-structural information as input, utilizes deep neural networks to parameterize sparsiﬁcation processes, and optimizes the parameters by feedback signals from downstream tasks. Under the Neu-ralSparse framework, supervised graph sparsi-ﬁcation could seamlessly connect with existing graph neural networks for more robust performance. Experimental results on both benchmark and private datasets show that NeuralSparse can yield up to 7.2% improvement in testing accuracy when working with existing graph neural networks on node classiﬁcation tasks.
Major issues facing taxonomy—a personal perspective

As a taxonomist who has spent her entire working life in one institution and is continuing taxonomic research in retirement, supervising students, and acting as an editor of Zootaxa for polychaetes, obviously, I have strong views on the role of taxonomy and its importance. While there are many issues confronting taxonomy and its role as a science in the 21st Century, I have selected the three issues I consider most important. I should also like to stress this is an opinion piece based on my perceptions of the current issues facing taxonomists in Australia and in the future I hope to prepare a more detailed manuscript with data to support my comments.
Resolving the Battle over Artificial Intelligence in War

The US National Defense Strategy – like that of its peer competitors – relies on artificial intelligence (AI) for a military edge in potential conflict as well as a deterrent to such conflict. This reliance on AI raises two challenges: a changing relationship between the Department of Defense (DoD) and industry; and widely held safety concerns about the military use of AI. Recent tensions in that relationship potentially imperil the success of US strategy. In this article, Larry Lewis explains that the use of technology in war is not a new problem, and presents an action plan for improving mutual understanding and dialogue between the DoD and industry. While individual companies should choose their own path, this process should lead to a better shared understanding of risks and ways to better promote safety for the military applications of AI.
Providing Grid Services With Heat Pumps: A Review

The integration of variable and intermittent renewable energy generation into the power system is a grand challenge to our efforts to achieve a sustainable future. Flexible demand is one solution to this challenge, where the demand can be controlled to follow energy supply, rather than the conventional way of controlling energy supply to follow demand. Recent research has shown that electric building climate control systems like heat pumps can provide this demand flexibility by effectively storing energy as heat in the thermal mass of the building. While some forms of heat pump demand flexibility have been implemented in the form of peak pricing and utility demand response programs, controlling heat pumps to provide ancillary services like frequency regulation, load following, and reserve have yet to be widely implemented. In this paper, we review the recent advances and remaining challenges in controlling heat pumps to provide these grid services. This analysis includes heat pump and building modeling, control methods both for isolated heat pumps and heat pumps in aggregate, and the potential implications that this concept has on the power system.
Nutrition and Oral Health: Experiences in Iran

REVIEW ARTICLE Background: Oral health is a crucial factor for overall well-being and there is a mutual relationship between nutrition and oral health. The aim of this study was to review the publications which have examined the association between nutrition or diet and oral health status or oral disease in Iran. Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, scientific information database (SID), and Magiran were searched using key words of diet, nutrition, oral health, oral disease, and Iran to reach the related articles published up to 2016. The English and Persian articles with cross-sectional, clinical trial, prospective, and case-control designs were selected. The Persian studies were then translated into English. The animal studies were not investigated. Results: The findings showed that nutrition and diet were associated with oral health. However, the majority of studies focused on evaluation of the relation between nutrition and dental caries. Further, a few studies were conducted on the association between nutrition and other oral problems such as periodontal disease or oral cancer. Moreover, the limited nutritional or dietary factors were investigated in the literature. Conclusions: Nutrition and diet are related to oral health and prevention of oral disease. Further studies are therefore recommended to evaluate the association between nutrition and oral health with considering various dietary or nutritional factors and different types of oral problems in Iran.
State estimation of the voltage conversion process in a solar power system with Kalman filter

The state estimation of the voltage conversion process (with Kalman filtering) in a solar power system is shown in this paper. Theoretical principles of solar power systems are presented, along with the position and working principles of a DC-DC boost converter in a solar power system. Different modes of state estimation of the voltage conversion process are shown, along with a detailed explanation of the Kalman filter appliance. This approach can be applied to one of the maximum power point tracking systems (MPPT). In the practical section of this paper, the implementation of noise filtering concepts in a solar power system is shown, by using the National Instruments LabVIEW programming suite. Processes that occur in this type of system are simulated, and the basic principles of noise cancellation are explained, in order to achieve optimal working conditions.
OPTICAL LUMINOSITY OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND THE INTENSITY OF ITS HARD RADIATION I

In this paper, we determine the causes of correlations between the observed logarithmic lu- minosity logL of galaxies with active nuclei (AGN) with particular attention to BL Lac type objects. The properties of flux variations of these galaxies in γ-rays (logL γ ) and in optics (logL O ) are associated with the combined action of cosmic rays (CR), and also with hard radiation around the entire perimeter of AGN. The necessity of using positron spectroscopy in such objects is found. The importance of high-precision measurements of 1.022 MeV line arising from the anni- hilation of positrons with K-electrons of multielectron atoms in the interstellar medium of disk component of the studied galaxies is emphasized. The relation- ship between the single-photon positron annihilation and the Doppler line broadening of the same atoms in optics is investigated in AGN. We found that indi- rect evidence of the presence of a sufficient number of positrons and their annihilation are the cascade chan- nels observed in the form of ∆-resonance. According to the available data from the AGN’s catalogs the cal- ibration of their luminosity in other spectral regions is proposed.
Digitalization of the Marketing Activities of Enterprises: Case Study

The pace and scale of the digitalization of today’s global information society open up new opportunities for business. At the same time, they set new challenges for business owners and managers in the field of marketing. Given this fact, the purpose of the study was to present the impact of digitalization on the marketing activity of the enterprise in the field of services by promoting the use of online sales via electronic distribution channels, social networks, and mobile applications. A comparative system of estimating the parameters of the influence of digitalization on the marketing activity of the enterprise was proposed as a confirmation of this impact. Based on the developed “tree of goals,” the dynamics of the digitalization of services were projected and the prospects of development of this sphere of activity were outlined. For testing the proposed methodology, the railway passenger transportation company (JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”) was chosen as the object of the research. Research methods used in the study include: (1) statistical; (2) SWOT analysis; (3) systematization, comparative, and structural-dynamic analysis; and (4) an expert survey. As a result of revealing the impact of individual elements of digitalization on the level of marketing activity, the number of recommendations regarding the development of digitalization of electronic ticket sales services and their accounting for enterprises dealing with railway passenger transportation were proposed.
Evolution of an Atmospheric Kármán Vortex Street From High‐Resolution Satellite Winds: Guadalupe Island Case Study

Vortex streets formed in the stratocumulus‐capped wake of mountainous islands are the atmospheric analogues of the classic Kármán vortex street observed in laboratory flows past bluff bodies. The quantitative analysis of these mesoscale unsteady atmospheric flows has been hampered by the lack of satellite wind retrievals of sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. Taking advantage of the cutting‐edge Advanced Baseline Imager, we derived kilometer‐scale cloud‐motion winds at 5‐min frequency for a vortex street in the lee of Guadalupe Island imaged by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐16. Combined with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data, the geostationary imagery also provided accurate stereo cloud‐top heights. The time series of geostationary winds, supplemented with snapshots of ocean surface winds from the Advanced Scatterometer, allowed us to capture the wake oscillations and measure vortex shedding dynamics. The retrievals revealed a markedly asymmetric vortex decay, with cyclonic eddies having larger peak vorticities than anticyclonic eddies at the same downstream location. Drawing on the vast knowledge accumulated about laboratory bluff body flows, we argue that the asymmetric island wake arises from the combined effects of Earth's rotation and Guadalupe's nonaxisymmetric shape resembling an inclined flat plate at low angle of attack. However, numerical simulations will need to establish whether or not the selective destabilization of the shallow atmospheric anticyclonic eddies is caused by the same mechanisms that destabilize the deep columnar anticyclones of laboratory flows, such as three‐dimensional vertical perturbations due to centrifugal or elliptical instabilities.
Rolling bearing diagnosis method based on WMKPCA-LSTM network

The monitoring data from large machinery have characteristics of high dimensions, non-linearity and correlation. In the traditional fault diagnosis, it is hard to extract features and complex to build the model. In order to solve these problems, the rolling bearing diagnosis method based on a weighted mixed kernel principal component analysis (WMKPCA) and long-short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed. The method uses WMKPCA algorithm to reduce the dimensionality of the vibration signal. The method not only effectively reduces the correlation of the original data, but also improve the diagnostic accuracy; The LSTM neural network has a memory function that can be used to extract temporal features. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher diagnostic accuracy and higher efficiency than traditional methods of principal component analysis (PCA), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and multiway kernel principal component analysis (MKPCA).
Ferrimagnetic mPEG-b-PHEP copolymer micelles loaded with iron oxide nanocubes and emodin for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia–chemotherapy

Abstract As a non-invasive therapeutic method without penetration-depth limitation, magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) under alternating magnetic field (AMF) is a clinically promising thermal therapy. However, the poor heating conversion efficiency and lack of stimulus–response obstruct the clinical application of magnetofluid-mediated MHT. Here, we develop a ferrimagnetic polyethylene glycol-poly(2-hexoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane) (mPEG-b-PHEP) copolymer micelle loaded with hydrophobic iron oxide nanocubes and emodin (denoted as EMM). Besides an enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) contrast ability (r2 = 271 mM−1 s−1) due to the high magnetization, the specific absorption rate (2518 W/g at 35 kA/m) and intrinsic loss power (6.5 nHm2/kg) of EMM are dozens of times higher than the clinically available iron oxide nanoagents (Feridex and Resovist), indicating the high heating conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this composite micelle with a flowable core exhibits a rapid response to magnetic hyperthermia, leading to an AMF-activated supersensitive drug release. With the high magnetic response, thermal sensitivity and magnetic targeting, this supersensitive ferrimagnetic nanocomposite realizes an above 70% tumor cell killing effect at an extremely low dosage (10 μg Fe/mL), and the tumors on mice are completely eliminated after the combined MHT–chemotherapy.
Harmonic Compensation Strategy for Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter Under Unbalanced Power Conditions

Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter has the advantages of easy modularization, the low harmonic content of output current, and that all power units are capable of achieving independent maximum power point tracking (MPPT). However, aging or partial shielding of photovoltaic (PV) panels will lead to the unbalanced output power of each PV module, which will result in the overmodulation of H-bridges and increased harmonic components of the grid current. In this article, a novel harmonic compensation strategy for single-phase CHB inverter is proposed, it can extend the linear modulation range of single-phase CHB inverters to about 1.27. Moreover, this strategy will not reduce energy harvesting, and also can maintain the system to operate in the unit power factor. Simulation and experimental results all verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Technological infrastructure supporting the story network principle of the Atlas of the Ageing Society

Atlases have a long tradition of showing and linking information for the exploration of various mostly spatially related topics. The Atlas of the Ageing Society is an interactive platform illustrating age related data. It enables individuals to explore facts and information related to age and the ageing society. To support content representation as well as a diverse audience, we developed the “story network principle”, which embeds annotated visualizations into a network of information in order to allow storytelling with data. Enabling the exploration of such a multifaceted and highly interconnected data landscape, however, posed some technical challenges. This paper describes and discusses a back-end implementation that meets the requirements of the story network principle from a technical perspective. We detail and exemplify the design and implementation of the atlas infrastructure to enable others to benefit from our developments and approaches to the challenges. The story network principle is potentially applicable to a range of applications such as other atlases or digital portfolios.
Health Care Shortage Designations: HPSA, MUA, and TBD

to improve access to health care services rely on specific criteria to designate areas and populations eligible for funding and other types of aid. Two related yet distinct designations, the Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) and the Medically Underserved Area (MUA), are most commonly used to identify underserved people or places. This background paper reviews the methodologies currently utilized in these designations, identifies the federal programs that use these designations to allocate resources, describes proposals that have been advanced to consolidate and improve these designations, and discusses key issues and challenges for future effort. B A C K G R O U N D P A P E R NO. 75
Age related macular degeneration: from evidence based-care to experimental models

To describe the current aging population in China and globally, especially as it applies to age- related macular degeneration (AMD). To review the current standards of care for treating both wet (exudative) eAMD and dry (atrophic) aAMD. And to introduce a model for experimentation that is based on the Age- Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) using eye bank tissue. A literature search that outlines current aging populations, standards of clinical treatment as de ned by large, multicenter, randomized clinical trials that present level-I data with a low risk for bias. An experimental model system of AMD is presented that enables scienti c analysis of AMD pathogenesis by applying grading criteria from the AREDS to human eye bank eyes. Analysis includes proteomic, cellular, and functional genomics. The standard of care for the treatment of eAMD is currently defined by the use of several anti-vascular endothelial growth (anti-VEGF) agents alone or in combination with photodynamic therapy. Monotherapy treatment intervals may be monthly, as needed, or by using a treat-and-extend (TAE) protocol. There are no proven therapies for aAMD. AMD that is phenotypically de ned at AREDS level 3, should be managed with the use of anti-oxidant vitamins, lutein/ zeaxanthin and zinc (AREDS-2 formulation). By understanding the multiple etiologies in the pathogenesis of AMD (i.e., oxidative stress, in ammation, and genetics), the use of human eye bank tissues graded according to the Minnesota Grading System (MGS) will enable future insights into the pathogenesis of AMD. Initial AMD management is with lifestyle modi cation such as avoiding smoking, eating a healthy diet and using appropriate vitamin supplements (AREDS-2). For eAMD, anti-VEGF therapies using either pro re nata (PRN) or TAE protocols are recommended, with photodynamic therapy in appropriate cases. New cellular information will direct future, potential therapies and these will originate from experimental models, such as the proposed eye bank model using the MGS, that leverages the prospective AREDS database.
Minimum clinically important difference of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Background: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a self-administered questionnaire used to quantify daytime sleepiness (ESS 0–24) with higher scores indicating increased daytime hypersomnolence. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of the ESS is unknown. Aims: To determine the MCID of the ESS in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, started on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Methods: ESS was measured at baseline and follow-up (3 months post CPAP initiation). At follow-up, participants were asked to complete a seven-point Likert global rating of change (GROC) in sleepiness questionnaire, ranging from “1: Much less sleepy” to “7: Much more sleepy”. The MCID of the ESS was estimated using anchor-based methods (mean change in ESS and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for those scoring “3: Slightly less sleepy” in GROC). Results: 99 CPAP users returned for follow-up. Baseline characteristics: 66 men (67%); mean±SD: age 55±12years; BMI 33.8±7.5kg/m2; ESS 12.7±5.3. Self-reported CPAP compliance was 4.5±2.8hours. With CPAP, mean(95% CI) change in ESS was -4.5(-5.6 to -3.5). Mean±SD change in ESS for those slightly less sleepy was -2.5±2.1 (Fig 1); an ESS change of -2 had an area under curve of 0.93, sensitivity 91% and specificity 88% in identifying those who scored at least feeling “slightly less sleepy”. Conclusion: Using anchor-based methods, the MCID (for improvement) of the ESS lies between -2 and -3.