Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Neosartorya sp. BL4

A new petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading fungus, isolated from an oil contaminant soil, was identified as Neosartorya (teleomorph of Aspergillus) sp. This isolate was able to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) without a lag phase, but degradation rates decreased with increasing initial TPH concentrations (5,000–20,000 mg L−1). The TPH degradation by the isolate showed a substrate inhibition behavior with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 1,860 mg L−1. Dual lag phase of TPH degradation indicated the ability to adapt its metabolic activity to utilize different types of hydrocarbons as an electron donor. Initially n-alkanes were rapidly removed without lag phase in the whole range of substrate and heavy molecular weight alkanes (HMWAs; C23-C24) and low molecular weight alkanes (LMWAs C9-C15) out of n-alkane hydrocarbons were degraded rapidly, whereas the removal of mid molecular weight alkanes (MMWAs; C16-C22) was relatively slower. Relatively slow degradation of MMWAs is probably caused by biotransformation of HMWAs or non-alkane hydrocarbons to MMWAs.
IgH class switching exploits a general property of two DNA breaks to be joined in cis over long chromosomal distances

Significance During an immune response, B lymphocytes generate different classes of antibodies better suited to protect against particular pathogens by making two chromosomal cuts that are joined to replace one type of antibody gene with a different one. These cuts happen in widely separated segments of the chromosome that must be physically adjacent to be joined. We have asked how this happens. The surprising answer is that genes and gene segments lying certain distances apart on any chromosome may actually be packaged such that both are frequently touching or nearly touching and, if broken, can be efficiently joined by general processes that repair breaks in all our genes. The joining mechanisms we describe also may contribute to genetic deletions in cancers. Antibody class switch recombination (CSR) in B lymphocytes joins two DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) lying 100–200 kb apart within switch (S) regions in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IgH). CSR-activated B lymphocytes generate multiple S-region DSBs in the donor Sμ and in a downstream acceptor S region, with a DSB in Sμ being joined to a DSB in the acceptor S region at sufficient frequency to drive CSR in a large fraction of activated B cells. Such frequent joining of widely separated CSR DSBs could be promoted by IgH-specific or B-cell–specific processes or by general aspects of chromosome architecture and DSB repair. Previously, we found that B cells with two yeast I-SceI endonuclease targets in place of Sγ1 undergo I-SceI–dependent class switching from IgM to IgG1 at 5–10% of normal levels. Now, we report that B cells in which Sγ1 is replaced with a 28 I-SceI target array, designed to increase I-SceI DSB frequency, undergo I-SceI–dependent class switching at almost normal levels. High-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing revealed that I-SceI–generated DSBs introduced in cis at Sμ and Sγ1 sites are joined together in T cells at levels similar to those of B cells. Such high joining levels also occurred between I-SceI–generated DSBs within c-myc and I-SceI– or CRISPR/Cas9-generated DSBs 100 kb downstream within Pvt1 in B cells or fibroblasts, respectively. We suggest that CSR exploits a general propensity of intrachromosomal DSBs separated by several hundred kilobases to be frequently joined together and discuss the relevance of this finding for recurrent interstitial deletions in cancer.
Insulin-induced increment of coronary flow reserve is not abolished by dexamethasone in healthy young men.

Hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Previous studies have reported that hyperinsulinemia increases cardiac and skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity and skeletal muscle blood flow in normal subjects. However, little is known about insulin's effects on myocardial blood flow in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether physiological hyperinsulinemia affects myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in healthy subjects. Additionally, the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating insulin's effects on coronary perfusion was tested. We used positron emission tomography and oxygen-15-labeled water to measure myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve in 16 healthy nonobese men (age, 34 +/- 4 yr; maximal aerobic capacity, 32 +/- 3 mL x g(-1) x min(-1); blood pressure, 118 +/- 10/65 +/- 8 mm Hg) at fasting and during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (1 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 80 min). To study the role of the sympathetic nervous system, each subject was studied twice: once after administration of dexamethasone (dexa+) for 2 days (2 mg per day) and once without previous medication (dexa-). All studied subjects had normal left ventricular mass, function, and findings in stress echocardiography. Resting myocardial blood flow was 0.76 +/- 0.19 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), and a significant increase in flow was detected after adenosine infusion (140 microg/kg x min for 5 min i.v.), both in the basal fasting state (P < 0.001) and during hyperinsulinemia (P < 0.001). However, the flow response to adenosine was significantly higher during hyperinsulinemia, thus leading to a higher hyperemic flow (3.38 +/- 0.97 vs. 4.28 +/- 1.57 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), basal vs. hyperinsulinemic, P < 0.01) and higher coronary flow reserve (4.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 5.8 +/- 1.9, respectively, P < 0.05). Pretreatment with dexamethasone did not significantly change the resting blood flow [0.72 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.19 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), dexa+ vs. dexa-, not significant (NS)], the adenosine stimulated flow (3.56 +/- 1.49 vs. 3.38 +/- 0.97 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), respectively, NS), or the hyperinsulinemic adenosine-stimulated blood flow (4.68 +/- 1.74 vs. 4.28 +/- 1.57 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), respectively, NS). Coronary flow reserves in the basal state (5.3 +/- 2.7 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.2 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), dexa+ vs. dexa-, NS) and during hyperinsulinemia (6.8 +/- 2.9 vs. 5.8 +/- 1.9 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), respectively, NS) tended to be (but were not) significantly higher after dexamethasone treatment. These results demonstrate that insulin acts as a vasodilatory hormone also in the coronary vasculature. Because the insulin-induced increment of myocardial flow reserve remained unchanged by dexamethasone pretreatment, centrally mediated sympathetic activation seems not to play a major role in regulating insulin action on myocardial perfusion in healthy subjects.
Thermo-optic silicon photonics with low power and extreme resilience to over-drive

Operating power of silicon photonic thermo-optic tuners and switches using undercut is inversely proportional to response time. Aggressively undercut devices have 23x power reduction and excellent ruggedness, with reversible behavior up to 60x operating power, and rapid failure when the core temperature reaches a remarkably high 1500°C. Hence device length can be greatly reduced.
Computing Sentiment Polarity of Opinion WHY Type Question for Intention Mining of Questioners in Question Answering Systems

Opinion question answering systems (OQAS) search for answers from public opinions available on social web. WHYquestions asked in OQAS expect answers to incorporate reasons and explanations for the questioners’ sentiments expressed in the questions. Sentiment analysis has been recently used for determining sentiment polarity of WHY-questions so as to find the intention of users with which he is looking for getting information related to products. In our recent research[14, 15], we address complex comparative WHYtypes questions and propose an approach to perform sentiment analysis of the questioners. For example, the question, “I need mobile with good camera and nice sound quality. WHY should I go for buying Nokia over Samsung? ” we determine the main focused product (Nokia) with respect to questioner’s perspectives who shows positive intention for buying mobile. The work does not deal with questions that have mixed emotions like WHY Dells are ok, HPs aren't that good, but Macs are Fantastic. Moreover, the work does not perform feature specific (camera and sound quality) sentiment analysis of questioners. In this paper, we perform the feature based sentiment analysis of questioners. We also address complex questions that have mixed emotions towards different products. We examine semantic structures of questions and propose an approach for sentiment analysis of questioners on product review sites. We finally conduct experiments which obtain better results as compared to existing baseline systems.
Moderate Wine and Alcohol Consumption: Beneficial Effects on Cardiovascular Disease

Summary Cardiovascular disease, in particular coronary heart disease (CHD) and associated myocardial infarction (MI), is the leading cause of death among adults in the Western world (1). Although CHD is a complex multi-factorial disease, major insights have been gained in our understanding of the etiology underlying the initiation and progression of CHD. The pathogenesis of CHD and the ensuing atherothrombotic complications resulting in MI, involves the complex and often synergistic interplay between multiple dysfunctional cellular and molecular mechanisms that have been altered through interactions with various environmental and/or systemic factors (i. e. CHD risk factors). Typically, these deleterious effects are exerted at the level of the heart muscle, blood vessels and blood components and result in dysfunction in endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes, blood cells (platelets and monocytes) and plasma components (lipoproteins, fibrinogen, clotting factors, etc.). These combined effects will then contribute further to the initiation and progression of CHD and eventual MI. Consequently, any systemic factors (such as alcohol or wine components) that will reduce, minimize or inhibit these induced dysfunctions will be expected to reduce the overall risk for cardiovascular disease and CHD-related mortality.
Effects of Plyometric Training and Resistance Training Programme on Selected Psychological Variables among College Level Male Basketball Players

The study was designed to investigate the effects of plyometric training and resistance training programme on selected psychological variables among college level male basketball players. Fourty five college level male basketball players were randomly selected from affiliated colleges of Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. The age ranged between 18 and 25 years. They were divided into three groups. The group I was considered as plyometric training group, group II was considered as resistance training group and group III was considered as control group. The investigator did not make any attempt to equate the groups. The control group was not given any exercise and the experimental groups were given plyometric training and resistance training for five days per week for six weeks. The following Psychological variables namely Stress and Mood state. All the dependent variables were assessed before and after the training period of 8 weeks. The collected data on psychological variables due to effect of plyometric and resistance training was analyzed by computing mean and standard deviation. In order to find out the significant improvement if any “t” test was applied.0. 05 level of confidence was fixed to test the level of significance. The study revealed that the psychological variables were significantly improved due to the influence of resistance training and plyometric training.
The influence of muscle-tendon forces on ACL loading during jump landing: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND The goal of this review is to summarise and discuss the reported influence of muscle-tendon forces on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the jump-landing task by means of biomechanical analyses of the healthy knee. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted using different combinations of the terms "knee", "ligament", "load", "tension ", "length", "strain", "elongation" and "lengthening". 26 original articles (n=16 in vitro studies; n=10 in situ studies) were identified which complied with all inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS No apparent trend was found between ACL loading and the ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps muscle-tendon forces prior to or during landing. Four in vitro studies reported reduced peak ACL strain if the quadriceps force was increased; while one in vitro study and one in situ study reported reduced ACL loading if the hamstrings force was increased. A meta-analysis of the reported results was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the confounding factors. CONCLUSION The reported results suggest that increased hip flexion during landing may help in reducing ACL strain by lengthening the hamstrings, and thus increasing its passive resistance to stretch. Furthermore, it appears that increased tensile stiffness of the quadriceps may help in stabilising the knee joint during landing, and thus protecting the passive soft-tissue structures from overloading. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Ib.
The Effect of Statins on Perioperative Events in Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery

Abstract Despite recent advancements in perioperative care and guideline recommendations, patients undergoing vascular surgery remain at risk for perioperative cardiovascular complications. In this review, the results are summarized of the most recent studies on the effectiveness and safety of perioperative statin use for the prevention of these perioperative cardiovascular complications. Perioperative statin therapy was associated with an improvement in postoperative cardiovascular outcome and a reduction in serum lipid levels and levels of inflammation markers.
Mechanisms and State of the Art of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

In 1985, Barker et al. built a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device with enough power to stimulate dorsal roots in the spine. They quickly realized that this machine could likely also noninvasively stimulate the superficial cortex in humans. They waited a while before using their device over a human head, fearing that the TMS pulse might magnetically “erase the hard-drive” of the human brain. Almost 10 years later, in 1994, an editorial in this journal concerned whether TMS might evolve into a potential antidepressant treatment. In the intervening years, there has been an explosion of basic and clinical research with and about TMS. Studies are now uncovering the mechanisms by which TMS affects the brain. It does not “erase the hard-drive” of the brain, and it has many demonstrated research and clinical uses. This article reviews the major recent advances with this interesting noninvasive technique for stimulating the brain, critically reviewing the data on whether TMS has anticonvulsant effects or modulates cortical-limbic loops.
Biomass Derived Nitrogen-Doped Highly Porous Carbon Material with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for High-Performance Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

A novel nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon (NMPC) with a hierarchical porous structure is prepared by simple carbonizing the green algae, which is applied as a host material to encapsulate sulfur for lithium/sulfur (Li/S) battery. The NMPC exhibits high pore volume as well as large specific surface area, and thus sulfur content in the S/NMPC composite reaches up to 63 wt %. When tested in a Li/S battery, the S/NMPC composite yields a high initial capacity of 1327 mAh·g−1 as well as 757 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at a current rate of 0.1 C, a reversible capacity of 642 was achieved even at 1 C. This good electrochemical performance of the S/NMPC composite could be attributed to a unique combination of mesopority and surface chemistry, allowing for the retention of the intermediate polysuflides within the carbon framework.
A Grounding System Model Directly in Time-Domain

This work presents a technique for electrical grounding system representation, directly in the time domain. It is based on the theory of least squares and starts from harmonic grounding impedance, representing it by discrete element circuits (resistors, capacitors and inductors) associated in series-parallel. From the impedance can be determined the transient ground voltage due to current impulse (lightning) applied, which is one of the quantities of greatest interest in the grounding studies. The advantage of using models developed directly in the time domain is that they can be easily inserted into conventional simulation software, such as the Alternative Transient Program (ATP), Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) and Orcad (PSPICE). To determine the harmonic grounding impedance ("view" from the point struck by lightning), was used as a tool a model based on the theory of transmission lines considering distributed parameters, but could be used any other model, independent of the simplifications and boundary conditions used in their representation, such as the electromagnetic model. The validation of this method was made by comparing the results of this work (for vertical rod and horizontal electrode) with another obtained and already validated through experimental results by one renowned research group in the electrical grounding area, achieving good agreement.
Carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts derive from mesothelial cells via mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in peritoneal metastasis

Peritoneal dissemination is a frequent metastatic route for cancers of the ovary and gastrointestinal tract. Tumour cells metastasize by attaching to and invading through the mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer that lines the peritoneal cavity. Metastases are influenced by carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a cell population that derives from different sources. Hence, we investigated whether MCs, through mesothelial–mesenchymal transition (MMT), were a source of CAFs during peritoneal carcinomatosis and whether MMT affected the adhesion and invasion of tumour cells. Biopsies from patients with peritoneal dissemination revealed the presence of myofibroblasts expressing mesothelial markers in the proximity of carcinoma implants. Prominent new vessel formation was observed in the peritoneal areas harbouring tumour cells when compared with tumour‐free regions. The use of a mouse model of peritoneal dissemination confirmed the myofibroblast conversion of MCs and the increase in angiogenesis at places of tumour implants. Treatment of omentum MCs with conditioned media from carcinoma cell cultures resulted in phenotype changes reminiscent of MMT. Adhesion experiments demonstrated that MMT enhanced the binding of cancer cells to MCs in a β1‐integrin‐dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the enhanced adhesion was mostly due to increased cell–cell interaction and not to a mere matrix exposure. Invasion assays suggested a reciprocal stimulation of the invasive capacity of tumour cells and MCs. Our results demonstrate that CAFs can derive from mesothelial cells during peritoneal metastasis. We suggest that MMT renders the peritoneum more receptive for tumour cell attachment/invasion and contributes to secondary tumour growth by promoting its vascularization. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A synthetic peptide corresponding to the C‐terminal 25 residues of phage MS2 coded lysis protein dissipates the protonmotive force in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles by generating hydrophilic pores.

The RNA phage MS2 encodes a protein, 75 amino acids long, that is necessary and sufficient for lysis of the host cell. DNA deletion analysis has shown that the lytic activity is confined to the C‐terminal half of the protein. We have examined the effects of a synthetic peptide, covering the C‐terminal 25 amino acids of the lysis protein, on the electrochemical potential, generated in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles and in liposomes reconstituted with cytochrome c oxidase. In all cases the peptide dissipates the electrochemical potential. The peptide also induces the release of carboxyfluorescein (376 daltons), but not of inuline (5500 daltons), from protein‐free liposomes. The phenomena are observed at a lipid to peptide molar ratio of approximately 100:1. The possible connection between the dissipation of the proton‐motive force and bacteriolysis is discussed.
Preventing primary liver cancer: how well are we faring towards a national hepatitis B strategy?

Worldwide, over 80% of primary liver cancers are attributable to chronic infection with hepatitis B or C virus. Over the past two decades, primary liver cancer incidence rates have been consistently rising in Australia. In New South Wales, the standardised incidence ratios for primary liver cancer in males born in Vietnam, Hong Kong and Macau, Korea, Indonesia and China and in females born in Vietnam and China are 6–12 times those in Australian‐born populations. The incidence of liver cancer is likely to continue to increase unless a coordinated approach to disease control can be developed. Effective programs for chronic hepatitis B management need to link prevention, treatment and care, and enhance opportunities for research and surveillance activities. The evidence that suppression of hepatitis B virus replication could limit disease progression needs to inform the development of a public health response. Lessons learned in the development of the National Hepatitis C Strategy and the experience of international hepatitis B control programs need to inform this process.
Anxiety disorders and the quality of relationships with friends, relatives, and romantic partners.

OBJECTIVES Though research suggests support for the association between marital quality and anxiety disorders, less is known about relationship quality with relatives and friends and anxiety disorders. METHOD Using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (n = 9912; mean age 44.8; 52.2% female), the association between relationship quality with relatives, friends, and romantic partners and anxiety disorders is examined for those who are divorced, single, or married. RESULTS For those who are single or divorced, relationship quality with relatives and friends was associated with many anxiety disorders including agoraphobia, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. For those who are married, relationship quality with relatives and partners was associated with generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. CONCLUSION Given that those with anxiety disorders have higher rates of divorce and are more likely to be single, examining the relationship quality with relatives and friends, in addition to romantic partners, may be important for understanding the onset and course of anxiety disorders.