Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced satellite cell numbers with spinal cord injury and aging in humans.

INTRODUCTION Both sarcopenia and spinal cord injury (SCI) are characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Despite obvious similarities in atrophy between both models, differences in muscle fiber size and satellite cell content may exist on a muscle fiber type-specific level. METHODS In the present study, we compared skeletal muscle fiber characteristics between wheelchair-dependent young males with SCI (n = 8, 32 ± 4 yr), healthy elderly males (n = 8, 75 ± 2 yr), and young controls (n = 8, 31 ± 3 yr). Muscle biopsies were collected to determine skeletal muscle fiber type composition, fiber size, and satellite cell content. RESULTS Severe atrophy and a shift toward approximately 90% Type II muscle fibers were observed in muscle obtained from males with SCI. Muscle fiber size was substantially smaller in both the SCI (Types I and II fibers) and elderly subjects (Type II fibers) when compared with the controls. Satellite cell content was substantially lower in the wheelchair-dependent SCI subjects in both the Types I and II muscle fibers (0.049 ± 0.019 and 0.050 ± 0.005 satellite cells per fiber, respectively) when compared with the young controls (0.104 ± 0.011 and 0.117 ± 0.009 satellite cells per fiber, respectively). In the elderly, the number of satellite cells was lower in the Type II muscle fibers only (0.042 ± 0.005 vs 0.117 ± 0.009 satellite cells per fiber in the elderly vs young controls, respectively). CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that muscle fiber atrophy as observed with SCI (Types I and II fibers) and aging (Type II fibers) is accompanied by a muscle fiber type-specific reduction in satellite cell content in humans.
Direct numerical simulation of passive scalar in decaying compressible turbulence

The passive scalars in the decaying compressible turbulence with the initial Reynolds number (defined by Taylor scale and RMS velocity) Re=72, the initial turbulent Mach numbers (defined by RMS velocity and mean sound speed) Mt=0.2–0.9, and the Schmidt numbers of passive scalar Sc=2–10 are numerically simulated by using a 7th order upwind difference scheme and 8th order group velocity control scheme. The computed results are validated with different numerical methods and different mesh sizes. The Batchelor scaling withk−1 range is found in scalar spectra. The passive scalar spectra decay faster with the increasing turbulent Mach number. The extended self-similarity (ESS) is found in the passive scalar of compressible turbulence.
Secondary metabolites of Tubercularia sp. TF5, an endophytic fungal strain of Taxus mairei

One new diterpene glycoside (1) named 16-O-α-D-tetraacetylglucopyranosyl hymatoxin C, along with eight known ones including two diterpenoids (2, 3), three cytochalasins (4, 5, 6), dihydroisocoumarin (7) and two C7-tetraketides (8, 9), were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungal strain Tubercularia sp. TF5. The structures of compounds 1–9 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of 1 were analysed but showed no significant activities.
Induction of TAK (Cyclin T1/P-TEFb) in Purified Resting CD4+ T Lymphocytes by Combination of Cytokines

ABSTRACT Combinations of cytokines are known to reactivate transcription and replication of latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviruses in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes isolated from infected individuals. Transcription of the HIV-1 provirus by RNA polymerase II is strongly stimulated by the viral Tat protein. Tat function is mediated by a cellular protein kinase known as TAK (cyclin T1/P-TEFb) that is composed of Cdk9 and cyclin T1. We have found that treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes and purified resting CD4+ T lymphocytes with the combination of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha resulted in an increase in Cdk9 and cyclin T1 protein levels and an increase in TAK enzymatic activity. The cytokine induction of TAK in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes did not appear to require proliferation of lymphocytes. These results suggest that induction of TAK by cytokines secreted in the microenvironment of lymphoid tissue may be involved in the reactivation of HIV-1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes harboring a latent provirus.
Optimized On-Off Controller For Energy Saving In A Household Refrigerator

The domestic refrigerator is responsible for 30% of the average household electricity consumption in Brazil, and the power costs regarding a single refrigerator represents up to 5% of the Brazilian minimum wage. The capacity control method employed in most of these systems consists of a thermostat used to turn the compressor on and off to maintain the temperature between the desired levels. This method of capacity control is responsible for efficiency losses as a result of the start-up and shut-down transients. The duration and the number of on/off cycles directly influence the temperature profile inside the refrigerator and the system energetic efficiency. By adjusting the thermostat, the maximum and minimum temperature achieved during the system operation are changed, as well as the range between them. Having all that in mind, the aim of this study is to optimize the temperature range in a domestic refrigerator in order to make power consumption as low as possible while maintaining a given maximum temperature that cannot be exceeded in order to keep the food properly preserved. The refrigerator was modeled as a first order plus time delay system. A hysteretic relay test was used to estimate the system parameters. The system model was employed to develop mathematical relations to set the temperature amplitude inside the refrigerator, given a maximum temperature, in order to minimize the total energy consumption. The model presented indicated that, for the refrigerator studied in this work, the optimal amplitude should be set at approximately 7.5 °C, when the refrigerator is loaded with 40 water boxes. Experimental results showed that, using this temperature amplitude resulted in energy consumption 1.7% higher than the best measured value for the same load condition. The model also calculated 9.4°C as the optimal temperature amplitude for the empty refrigerator. With this amplitude, the empty refrigerator consumed the least energy when compared to other tested amplitudes.
Microarray analysis of the gene expression profile in triethylene glycol dimethacrylate-treated human dental pulp cells

Objective: Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is an important resin monomer commonly used in the structure of dental restorative materials. Recent studies have shown that unpolymerized resin monomers may be released into the oral environment and cause harmful biological effects. We investigated changes in the gene expression profiles of TEGDMA-treated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) following short- (1-day) and long-term (7-days) exposure. Materials and Methods: HDPCs were exposed to a noncytotoxic concentration of TEGDMA, and gene expression profiles were evaluated by microarray analysis. The results were confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT PCR). Results: In total, 1282 and 1319 genes (up- or down-regulated) were differentially expressed compared with control group after the 1- and 7-day incubation periods, respectively. Biological ontology-based analyses revealed that metabolic, cellular, and developmental processes constituted the largest groups of biological functional processes. qRT-PCR analysis on bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-4, secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich, collagen type I alpha 1, oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1, MMP3, interleukin-6, and heme oxygenase-1 genes confirmed the changes in expression observed in the microarray analysis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that TEGDMA can change the many functions of hDPCs through large changes in gene expression levels and complex interactions with different signaling pathways.
Nephronophthisis-associated ciliopathies.

Nephronophthisis (NPHP), an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease, represents the most frequent genetic cause of end-stage kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Contrary to polycystic kidney disease, NPHP shows normal or diminished kidney size, cysts are concentrated at the corticomedullary junction, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis is dominant. NPHP can be associated with retinitis pigmentosa (Senior-Løken syndrome), liver fibrosis, and cerebellar vermis aplasia (Joubert syndrome) in approximately 10% of patients. Positional cloning of six novel genes (NPHP1 through 6) as mutated in NPHP and functional characterization of their encoded proteins have contributed to the concept of "ciliopathies. " It has helped advance a new unifying theory of cystic kidney diseases. This theory states that the products of all genes that are mutated in cystic kidney diseases in humans, mice, or zebrafish are expressed in primary cilia or centrosomes of renal epithelial cells. Primary cilia are sensory organelles that connect mechanosensory, visual, osmotic, and other stimuli to mechanisms of cell-cycle control and epithelial cell polarity. The ciliary theory explains the multiple organ involvement in NPHP regarding retinitis pigmentosa, liver fibrosis, ataxia, situs inversus, and mental retardation. Mutations in NPHP genes cause defects in signaling mechanisms, including the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway. The "ciliopathy" NPHP thereby is caused by defects in tissue differentiation and maintenance as a result of impaired processing of extracellular cues. Nephrocystins, the proteins that are encoded by NPHP genes, are highly conserved in evolution. Positional cloning of additional causative genes of NPHP will elucidate further signaling mechanisms that are involved, thereby establishing therapeutic approaches using animal models in mouse, zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis elegans.
Phase III randomized trial of induction chemotherapy in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced head and neck cancer.

PURPOSE Induction chemotherapy (IC) before radiotherapy lowers distant failure (DF) rates in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The goal of this phase III trial was to determine whether IC before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) further improves survival compared with CRT alone in patients with N2 or N3 disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Treatment-naive patients with nonmetastatic N2 or N3 SCCHN were randomly assigned to CRT alone (CRT arm; docetaxel, fluorouracil, and hydroxyurea plus radiotherapy 0.15 Gy twice per day every other week) versus two 21-day cycles of IC (docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) on day 1, cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on day 1, and fluorouracil 750 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 5) followed by the same CRT regimen (IC + CRT arm). The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included DF-free survival, failure pattern, and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS A total of 285 patients were randomly assigned. The most common grade 3 to 4 toxicities during IC were febrile neutropenia (11%) and mucositis (9%); during CRT (both arms combined), they were mucositis (49%), dermatitis (21%), and leukopenia (18%). Serious adverse events were more common in the IC arm (47% v 28%; P = .002). With a minimum follow-up of 30 months, there were no statistically significant differences in OS (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.41), RFS, or DF-free survival. CONCLUSION IC did not translate into improved OS compared with CRT alone. However, the study was underpowered because it did not meet the planned accrual target, and OS was higher than predicted in both arms. IC cannot be recommended routinely in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced SCCHN.
Market Volatility, Manipulation, and Regulatory Response: A Comparative Study of Bombay and

As the stock markets of the developing countries grow and assume a more prominent role in the economy, the regulatory framework continues to evolve alongside. Functions of a market regulator include enhancing disclosure of information and preventing the misuse of asymmetric or insider information, thereby increasing efficiency of intermediation by financial markets with respect to savings, price discovery, allocation of investment, and the pricing and hedging of risk. Regulatory agencies can add value by reducing problems of information asymmetry and moral hazard by enhancing transparency and disclosure and by mitigating conflicts of interest. Moreover, regulators in the emerging markets are particularly concerned over excessive market volatility since it is considered, among other factors, reflecting possible market manipulation and speculative trading. In the presence of network effects, where value to any one individual increases with the increase in the number of participants, a herding behaviour can ensue and lead to excessive volatility and sharp swings in the stock prices. A lack of trust in the fairness of markets due to potential for manipulation, highlighted by recurring scandals, scams, and irrational exuberance of the investors, manifesting itself in speculative bubbles, exacerbate the market volatility. Such manipulative and speculative behaviour imposes implicit costs on the market participants and increases the cost of intermediation. The inefficiencies in market intermediation
Analytical development of dynamic equations of motion for a three-dimensional flexible link manipulator with revolute and prismatic joints

In this paper, a mathematical model capable of handling a three-dimensional (3D) flexible n-degree of freedom manipulator having both revolute and prismatic joints is considered. This model is used to study the longitudinal, transversal, and torsional vibration characteristics of the robot manipulator and obtain kinematic and dynamic equations of motion. The presence of prismatic joints makes the mathematical derivation complex. In this paper, for the first time, prismatic joints as well as revolute joints have been considered in the structure of a 3D flexible n-degree of freedom manipulator. The kinematic and dynamic equations of motion representing longitudinal, transversal, and torsional vibration characteristics have been solved in parametric form with no discretization. In this investigation, in order to obtain an analytical solution of the vibrational equations, a novel approach is presented using the perturbation method. By solving the equations of motion, it is shown that mode shapes of the link with prismatic joints can be modeled as the equivalent clamped beam at each time instant. As an example, this method is applied to a three degrees of freedom robot with revolute and prismatic joints. The obtained equations are solved using the perturbation method and the results are used to simulate vibrational behavior of the manipulator.
Theory-based and evidence-based design of audit and feedback programmes: examples from two clinical intervention studies

Background Audit and feedback (A&F) is a common intervention used to change healthcare provider behaviour and, thus, improve healthcare quality. Although A&F can be effective its effectiveness varies, often due to the details of how A&F interventions are implemented. Some have suggested that a suitable conceptual framework is needed to organise the elements of A&F and also explain any observed differences in effectiveness. Through two examples from applied research studies, this article demonstrates how a suitable explanatory theory (in this case Kluger & DeNisi's Feedback Intervention Theory (FIT)) can be systematically applied to design better feedback interventions in healthcare settings. Methods Case 1: this study's objective was to reduce inappropriate diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in inpatient wards. Learning to identify the correct clinical course of action from the case details was central to this study; consequently, the feedback intervention featured feedback elements that FIT predicts would best activate learning processes (framing feedback in terms of group performance and providing of correct solution information). We designed a highly personalised, interactive, one-on-one intervention with healthcare providers to improve their capacity to distinguish between CAUTI and asymptomatic bacteruria (ASB) and treat ASB appropriately. Case 2: Simplicity and scalability drove this study's intervention design, employing elements that FIT predicted positively impacted effectiveness yet still facilitated deployment and scalability (eg, delivered via computer, delivered in writing). We designed a web-based, report-style feedback intervention to help primary care physicians improve their care of patients with hypertension. Results Both studies exhibited significant improvements in their desired outcome and in both cases interventions were received positively by feedback recipients. Summary A&F has been a popular, yet inconsistently implemented and variably effective tool for changing healthcare provider behaviour and, improving healthcare quality. Through the systematic use of theory such as FIT, robust feedback interventions can be designed that yield greater effectiveness. Future work should look to comparative effectiveness of specific design elements and contextual factors that identify A&F as the optimal intervention to effectuate healthcare provider behaviour change. Trial registration number NCT01052545, NCT00302718; post-results.
Does immune suppression during stress occur to promote physical performance?

SUMMARY Two adaptationist hypotheses have been proposed to explain why stress, particularly elevation of stress hormones (i.e. glucocorticoids), tends to suppress immune functions. One is that immune suppression represents efforts to minimize autoimmune responses to self-antigens released as organisms cope with stressors (i.e. the autoimmune-avoidance hypothesis). The other is that immune suppression occurs to promote a shunting of resources to life processes more conducive to survival of the stressor (i.e. the re-allocation hypothesis). Here in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus), we tested the second hypothesis, asking whether sustained elevation of baseline glucocorticoids, due to captivity, caused a greater rate of decline in immune functions than flight performance. A greater decline in immune functions than flight performance would support the re-allocation hypothesis. As in previous studies, we found that captivity tended to alter baseline corticosterone, suggesting that house sparrows experience captivity as a stressor. Captivity also affected several constitutive and induced innate immune metrics: bacterial (Escherichia coli) killing activity of blood and oxidative burst of leukocytes both changed in a manner consistent with immune disregulation. In contrast, breast muscle size and vertical flight (hovering) duration improved over captivity. Collectively, these changes provide indirect support for the re-allocation hypothesis, although within individuals, changes in immune and physical performance were unrelated.
Surface gliders for monitoring aquatic diffusion process

Water resource monitoring is very essential in recent years since many factors pollute the water resource and ecosystems, now they are facing increasing threats. Surface gliders are small, reusable autonomous underwater vehicles designed to glide through the water surface while measuring pH, oil spill and other parameters. Here it deals with an accuracy-aware diffusion process using surface gliders. In practical application, the global positions of the robots can be accurately measured but it may be unstable in some area were there were no GPS coverage's to avoid this problem we introduce a new method to track the surface gliders which The gliders are used to measure the water quality that is unable to protect itself from damage. The data provided by the surface gliders enable the experts to identify the prefer ability of the water resource. In the proposed methodology the surface robot measure collaboratively the characteristics of aquatic diffusion process including source location, amount of substance, and its change over time The data is updated in real time environment. At various points of time the pollutant level in a selected location can be analyzed. The simulations based on real data traces of GPS localization errors, sea gliders, and wireless communication. The results show that this approach can accurately measure the environmental changes under tight energy budgets.
Exercise increases plasma levels of sphingoid base‐1 phosphates in humans

Aim: In recent years, blood sphingolipids attracted much attention and have been implicated in both pathophysiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance. However, factors affecting concentration and metabolism of sphingolipids in blood remain poorly recognized. We have previously found that exercise alters skeletal muscle sphingolipid metabolism. This finding prompted us to examine whether physical activity induces similar effects in blood.
Use of BI-RADS 3-probably benign category in the American College of Radiology Imaging Network Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial.

PURPOSE To determine (a) how often the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 was used in the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST), either at the time of screening mammography or after work-up, (b) how often subjects actually returned for the recommended follow-up examination, and (c) the rate and stages of any malignancies subsequently found in subjects for whom short-term interval follow-up was recommended. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at all institutions where subjects were enrolled. All subjects participating in DMIST gave informed consent and the study was HIPAA-compliant. A total of 47,599 DMIST-eligible and evaluable subjects, all of whom consented to undergo both digital and screen-film mammography, were included in this analysis. Cases referred for short-term interval follow-up based on digital, screen-film, or both imaging examinations were determined. Compliance with the recommendations and the final outcome (malignancy diagnosis at biopsy or no malignancy confirmed through follow-up) of each evaluable case were determined. RESULTS A total of 1114 of the 47,599 (2.34%) subjects had tumors assigned a BI-RADS 3 category and were recommended to undergo short-interval follow-up. In this study, 791 of 1114 (71%) of the subjects were compliant with the recommendation and returned for short-interval follow-up. Of the women who did not return for short-interval follow-up, 70% (226 of 323) did return for their next annual mammography. Among all subjects whose tumors were assigned a BI-RADS 3 category either at screening mammography or after additional work-up, nine of 1114 (0.81%) were found to have cancer. Of the nine biopsy-proved cancers, six were invasive cancers and three were ductal carcinoma in situ stage Tis-T1c. The invasive cancers were all less than 2 cm in size. CONCLUSION In DMIST, radiologists used the BI-RADS 3 classification infrequently (2.3% of patients). Tumors assigned a BI-RADS 3 category had a low rate of malignancy. The relatively high rate of noncompliance with short-interval follow-up recommendations (323 of 1114, or 29%) supports prior recommendations that radiologists thoroughly evaluate lesions before placing them in this category.