Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FEATURE SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING ROUGH SET

With the expansion of computer network there is a challenge to compete with the intruders who can easily break into the system. So it becomes a necessity to device systems or algorithms that can not only detect intrusion but can also improve the detection rate. In this paper we propose an intrusion detection system that uses rough set theory for feature selection, which is extraction of relevant attributes from the entire set of attributes describing a data packet and used the same theory to classify the packet if it is normal or an attack. After the simplification of the discernibility matrix we were to select or reduce the features. We have used Rosetta tool to obtain the reducts and classification rules. NSL KDD dataset is used as training set and is provided to Rosetta to obtain the classification rules.
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens reared Under Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) light vis-a-vis Incandescent light Supplemental Lighting Programme

Light plays an important role in birds’ life hence efforts were made to evaluate the performance of broiler chicken in the opensided house under light emitting diodes (LEDs) and incandescent bulb lighting programme. For this purpose 240 straight run commercial Vencobb® broiler chicks were procured and distributed in four different light treatment groups i.e. Tw; white (650nm), Tg; green (565nm) and Tb; blue (430nm) light LED bulbs (3 Watt each) and incandescent light bulbs (60 Watt each) as control (Tc) in 12 pens (4×3 factorial design). At the day time open-sided house were open from 10.00 AM to 4.00 PM and rest of the time sides of house were covered with black coloured tarpaulin sheet. Pens were light proof to avoid light interference during dark hours. The results demonstrated that broilers’ performance viz. average body weight, average weekly body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and energy efficiency ratio (EER) was numerically higher in LED light treatment groups as compared to incandescent light group. Under different light treatments, no significant (p<0.05) difference was found on carcass yields (different prime cuts) such as dressing percentage, drumstick, breast, and neck but back and wing weight were significantly (p<0.05) different in Tc as compared to Tb and Tw. Carcass quality such as pH, WHC, shear force and instrumental colour were statistically non-significant (p<0.05) among different light treatment groups. Therefore, the LED bulbs evaluated in the study could be a better alternative source of light than incandescent light bulbs without affecting broiler performance and carcass characteristics.
Identification of Neuron‐Specific Enolase and Nonneuronal Enolase in Human and Rat Brain on Two‐Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gels

The location of the enzymes neuron‐specific enolase and nonneuronal enolase on two‐dimensional gels generated from tissue samples obtained from fresh human and rat cortex has been identified. This identification is based upon the following criteria: (1) comigration on polyacrylamide gels with the appropriate purified protein and (2) staining on nitrocellulose protein blots of human and rat cortex using antibodies specific for each protein. The results show that our preparation of neuron‐specific enolase from rat and human brain is highly pure, as only one spot is obtained on two‐dimensional gels. Further, the antiserum to neuron‐specific enolase is highly specific, as it reacts only with neuron‐specific enolase on nitrocellulose blots derived from two‐dimensional gels of cortical tissue. The location of these proteins is of interest because it positively identifies two major brain proteins on two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gels of fresh cortical tissue. This information will be useful in a variety of future studies aimed at both identifying specific proteins on two‐dimensional gels and observing the effects of experimental manipulations on brain and other neuronal proteins.
Study of heterogeneity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) genes in streptococci and enterococci by polymerase chain reaction: characterization of a new CAT determinant

An assay based on the utilization of degenerate primers that enable enzymatic amplification of an internal fragment of cat genes known to be present in gram-positive cocci was developed to identify the genes encoding chloramphenicol resistance in streptococci and enterococci. The functionality of this system was illustrated by the detection of cat genes belonging to four different hydridization classes represented by the staphylococcal genes catpC221, catpC194, catpSCS7, and the clostridial gene catP, and by the characterization of a new streptococcal cat gene designated catS. A sequence related to the clostridial catQ gene, which was present in one streptococcal strain, was not detected by this assay. These results reveal that these six cat genes account for chromosomal-borne chloramphenicol resistance in 12 group A, B, and G streptococci tested. By contrast, only three of these six cat genes (catpC221, catpC194, and catpSCS7) were detected on the 10 enterococcal plasmids studied here that encode resistance to chloramphenicol.
Heat shock proteins reduce toxicity of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion in SK‐N‐SH cells

The pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. However, the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have many functions, including inhibition of apoptosis and necrosis, protection from oxidative stress, and maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential, that are related to neurodegenerative diseases. 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) is a neurotoxin that selectively inhibits the mitochondrial functions of DA neurons in the substantia nigra. MPP+ administration is accepted as a model for PD. In the present study, we found that MPP+ induced a concentration‐ and time‐dependent decrease in cell viability. Lower concentrations of MPP+ induced mainly early apoptosis, and, as the concentration increased, the number of late apoptotic and necrotic cells significantly increased. However, treated by heat shock preconditioning or transfection with HDJ‐1, a homologue of human Hsp40, cells showed marked improvement in viability after exposure to the same concentrations of MPP+. Compared with heat shock, HDJ‐1 appeared to improve cell viability obviously. Similarly, HDJ‐1 elicited significantly stronger protective effects against apoptosis and necrosis. In addition, HDJ‐1 transfection maintained more injured cells in early apoptotic stages and inhibited the occurrence of late apoptotic/necrotic events. Heat shock and HDJ‐1 both ameliorated MPP+‐induced cytotoxicity by maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the effects of HSPs, such as reducing apoptosis and necrosis, preserving mitochondrial functions and decreasing oxidative stress, may bring a novel approach for PD therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Inhibits the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an essential component of the antimicrobial repertoire and represent an effective means by which neutrophils capture, contain, and kill microorganisms. However, the uncontrolled or excessive liberation of NETs also damages surrounding cells and can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Alterations in the gut microbiota, as well as the presence of local and systemic markers of inflammation, are strongly associated with the manifestation of a spectrum of intestinal disorders, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Although probiotics exert beneficial effects on gut homeostasis, their direct effect on neutrophils, which are abundant in the setting of intestinal inflammation, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of nonpathogenic, enteropathogenic, and probiotic bacteria on the dynamics of NET formation. Using murine bone marrow–derived neutrophils and the neutrophil-differentiated human myeloid cell line d.HL-60, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG inhibits both PMA- and Staphylococcus aureus–induced formation of NETs. Moreover, probiotic L. rhamnosus strain GG had potent antioxidative activity: dampening reactive oxygen species production and phagocytic capacity of the neutrophils while protecting against cell cytotoxicity. Within the milieu of the gut, this represents a novel mechanism by which probiotics can locally dampen innate immune responses and confer desensitization toward luminal Ags.
Effects of Overdrive Stimulation on Functional Reentrant Circuits Causing Ventricular Tachycardia in the Canine Heart:

Overdrive Stimulation and Functional Reentry, introduction: The purpose of the experiments described in this article was to investigate the effects of overdrive stimulation on functional anisotropic reentrant circuits causing ventricular tachycardia in infarcted canine ventricles. We determined how overdrive stimuli affect reentrant circuits to alter characteristics of the tachycardia.
Lucky Factors

Identifying the factors that drive the cross-section of expected returns is challenging for at least three reasons. First, the choice of testing approach (time-series versus cross-sectional) will deliver different sets of factors. Second, varying test portfolio sorts changes the importance of candidate factors. Finally, given the hundreds of factors that have been proposed, test multiplicity must be dealt with. We propose a new method that makes measured progress in addressing these key challenges. We apply our method in a panel regression setting and shed some light on the puzzling empirical result that the market factor drives the bulk of the variance of stock returns, but is often knocked out in cross-sectional tests. In our setup, the market factor is not eliminated. Further, we bypass arbitrary portfolio sorts and instead execute our tests on individual stocks | with no loss in power. Finally, our bootstrap implementation, which allows us to impose the null hypothesis of no cross-sectional explanatory power, naturally controls for the multiple testing problem. <br><br>The on-line appendix appears in this version of the paper. <br><br>Forthcoming, <i>Journal of Financial Economics</i>
All Humans, Great or Small, Short or Tall

been found in patients with intellectual delay (ID), which led investigators to invoke a polygenic model to explain phenotypic heterogeneity among patients with ID and also for patients with ISS and a deletion in region 15q26 [Girirajan and Eichler, 2010; Poot et al., 2011, 2013; Girirajan et al., 2012]. For 24 of the 33 patients with one or more novel potentially pathogenic CNVs, segregation analysis could be performed. Thus, 3 de novo CNVs and 9 CNVs segregating with ISS were found. To determine whether a gene in a CNV may be relevant for ISS, the authors checked rodent homologs: (1) for higher expression in a 1-week-old mouse growth plate than in a 1-week-old mouse lung, kidney and heart, (2) whether the gene showed a significant difference between zones in the 1-week-old rat growth plate, and (3) whether a gene showed significant differences in expression between 3 and 12 weeks of age in the rat growth plate using previously established mRNA expression profiles. Interestingly, 4 CNVs were located near loci associated with height variation in GWAS (ADAMTS17, TULP4, PRKG2/BMP3, and PAPPA). In an independent study, Zahnleiter et al. [2013] investigated a cohort of 170 patients with proportional ISS and 30 with disproportional ISS; 69 patients showed a syndromal form of ISS, while 131 cases had an isolated form of ISS. ID was diagnosed in 51 patients (26%). Patients with growth hormone deficiency, Ullrich-Turner syndrome, and SHOX deficiency were excluded. With genome-wide SNP arrays, the authors found 6,338 CNVs in 200 patients, with an average of 32 per case. In 820 healthy controls, they detected 40,935 CNVs. Excluding all CNVs <50 kb, they retained 1,211 CNVs in the patient cohort, of which 733 carried at least one RefSeq gene. As a second triage step, the authors determined whether the CNV had occurred de novo or cosegregated with a parental growth phenotype. In the third step, a gene of interest had to adhere to at least one of the following criteria: (1) being mentioned in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) as a human growth-related gene, (2) being a Late Breaking Chromosomes
A Climatology of Severe Convective Events as a Function of Storm Morphology

This study is an expansion of Gallus et al. (2008) (hereafter, G08), in which all convective systems that occurred within a ten-state region that covers parts of the Midwest and great plains between 1 Apr 2002 and 31 Aug 2002 were classified according to their dominant morphology. Severe weather produced by each system was associated with each morphology. Archived radar imagery was used to classify systems, which had to meet specific criteria to be classified. This study uses data in the same region as in G08, but the time period is 1 Apr 2007 to 19 Jul 2007. The same nine morphologies that were used in G08 are used in this study, which includes non-linear convective events, isolated cells, clusters of cells, broken lines of cells, squall lines with no stratiform precipitation, trailing stratiform precipitation, parallel stratiform precipitation, and leading stratiform precipitation, and bow echoes. Cellular systems that contained supercells were added as morphologies to incorporate the effects that supercells have on the type of severe weather produced. The results of this study indicate that the trends exhibited by the systems in G08 also are exhibited by the systems in this study to an extent. It is also confirmed that supercellular systems produce severe weather more frequently, and also produce more intense severe weather.
Automatic computation of fundamental matrix together with interest points in correspondence between two images

The fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the analysis of scenes taken with two uncalibrated cameras. As was known, the corresponding cameras matrix may then be determined, up to a projective ambiguity, from the computed F, so the following actions will be continued such as reconstruction and so on. In the paper, the method for computing F from a set of corresponding image points is described, and the scale-invariant features extracting is used for computing the interest points. Experimental results show that, the method described is very exactly.
A comparison of the effects of GABA and glycine on the release of [3H]-dopamine from rat striatal slices [proceedings].

can influence dopamine metabolism in an anatomically distinct area of the mesolimbic system. Secondly, that appreciable changes in HVA levels are not necessarily accompanied by functional changes characteristic of dopamine receptor stimulation or blockade. These two factors should be considered in interpreting the significance of changes in mesolimbic and extrapyramidal HVA levels after peripheral neuroleptic treatment.
Significance of blood analysis in hemophiliacs co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis viruses.

AIM To study the effect of hepatitis virus infection on cirrhosis and liver function markers in HIV-infected hemophiliacs. METHODS We have analyzed the immunological, liver function and cirrhosis markers in a cohort of hemophiliacs co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses. RESULTS There was no difference in immunological markers among co-infected patients and patients infected with HIV only and those co-infected with one or more hepatitis virus. Although liver function and cirrhosis markers remained within a normal range, there was a worsening trend in all patients co-infected with hepatitis virus C (HCV), which was further exacerbated in the presence of additional infection with hepatitis virus B (HBV). CONCLUSION Co-infection with HIV, HBV and HCV leads to worsening of hyaluronic acid and liver function markers. Increases in serum hyaluronic acid may be suggestive of a predisposition to liver diseases.
C-Peptide: Much More Than a Byproduct of Insulin Biosynthesis

Objectives: During the past decade, numerous studies in both humans and animals have demonstrated that C-peptide, although not influencing blood sugar control, might play a role in preventing and potentially reversing some of the chronic complications of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this paper is to present an up-to-date review of C-peptide, focusing on its role in insulin biosynthesis and in the classification of diabetes mellitus, as well as its potential clinical applications. Methods and Results: The relevant literature cited in the MEDLINE database shows that the measurement of C-peptide production combined with screening for the presence of islet-cell and other autoantibodies seems to exert an important role in the accurate differentiation between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Also, both experimental and clinical data provide evidence suggesting that combined replacement of insulin and C-peptide has potential therapeutic value in patients with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions: Further study in this area is warranted, but the findings that pancreas transplants promote the reversal of diabetic neuropathy and stabilization of diabetic retinopathy and that both pancreas and islet transplants lead to the reversal of diabetic nephropathy lend credence to the concept that combined replacement of insulin and C-peptide may more effectively mitigate the inexorable progression of diabetes-related complications.
Design and fabrication of cell adhesion measuring device

Cell adhesion phenomena has an important role on different behavior of cell. Therefore qualitative and quantitative understanding of cell adhesion force is necessary. A low cost micro device has been developed that can demonstrate cell adhesion force against a specific mechanical stimuli. The device that we developed here allows the measuring cell adhesion. This device is made based on poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Finally, to test the system functions, we obtained viscoelastic parameters of cell by applying 10 micron displacement that had a good agreement with literature.
Local Influences on Shear-Flow Turbulence in the Equatorial Ocean

A 12-day series of 1749 profiles of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation above the equatorial undercurrent at 140� west showed that, in the upper 110 meters of the ocean, the dissipation radically decreased during the solar heating period each day. Daily averages were linearly related to the local wind power. When integrated over the depth range of 10 to 110 meters, the dissipation was 10.6 ergs per square centimeter per second or 0.92 � 0.10 percent of the wind power, a proportion not substantially different from those found in mid-latitude surface mixed layers. These results suggest that much of the energy dissipated above the equatorial undercurrent may be extracted directly from the local wind.
Effects of arginine 10 to lysine substitution on ω‐conotoxin CVIE and CVIF block of Cav2.2 channels

ω‐Conotoxins CVIE and CVIF (CVIE&F) selectively inhibit Cav2.2 channels and are lead molecules in the development of novel analgesics. At physiological membrane potentials, CVIE&F block of Cav2.2 channels is weakly reversible. To improve reversibility, we designed and synthesized arginine CVIE&F analogues in which arginine was substituted for lysine at position 10 ([R10K]CVIE&F), and investigated their serum stability and pharmacological actions on voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs).
Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, affects thirst, salt appetite and plasma levels of oxytocin and vasopressin in rats

We investigated the effects of chronic administration of sertraline (SERT; ∼20 mg kg−1 day−1 in drinking water), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on water and sodium intake and on plasma levels of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) in basal and stimulated conditions. Basal water intake was reduced in SERT‐treated rats. After 24 h of water deprivation, rats treated with SERT for 21 days ingested less water than the control rats (9.7 ± 0.5 versus 20.0 ± 0.9 ml, respectively, at 300 min after water presentation, P < 0.0001). Subcutaneous injection of 2 m NaCl or isoproterenol evoked a lower dipsogenic response in rats treated with SERT for 21 days. Fluid and food deprivation also induced a weaker dipsogenic response in SERT‐treated rats (1.6 ± 0.5 versus 10.2 ± 1.2 ml, at 300 min, P < 0.0001) but had no effect on saline intake. Sodium depletion induced a higher natriorexigenic response in the SERT group (5.6 ± 1.3 versus 1.2 ± 0.3 ml, at 300 min, P < 0.0002). Higher urinary density and lower plasma sodium levels were observed after SERT treatment. Sertraline also increased plasma levels of vasopressin and oxytocin (AVP, 2.65 ± 0.36 versus 1.31 ± 0.16 pg ml−1, P < 0.005; OT, 17.16 ± 1.06 versus 11.3 ± 1.03 pg ml−1, P < 0.0009, at the third week post‐treatment). These data constitute the first evidence that chronic SERT treatment affects water and sodium intake in rats. These effects seem to be related to the hyponatraemia caused by the higher plasma levels of AVP and OT.
Behaviour of cows in cubicles and its possible relationship with laminitis in replacement dairy heifers

The behaviour of cows in cubicles was studied in two dairy herds which were under the same ownership and had similar buildings and management systems. One of the herds had an annual problem of lameness due to laminitis leading to solar ulceration in the replacement first lactation heifers. There were considerable behavioural differences between the cows in the two herds. In the problem herd the heifers and cows stood for significantly longer, more heifers were seen not to use the cubicles, and there were more examples of aberrant behaviour than in the other herd. Less straw was used for cubicle bedding in the problem herd and when the amount used was increased to one bale per 10 cows per day no new cases of laminitis and solar ulceration occurred in the heifers.
Optimizing the association between disability and biological markers in MS

Objective: Axonal damage is an important feature of MS pathology and the likely substrate of development of progressive disability. Brain volume measurement on MRI can be used as an overall marker of tissue damage and axonal loss. The authors studied the relation of brain volume measurements with the MS Functional Composite (MSFC) in an attempt to improve the clinico-radiologic association. Methods: In 137 patients with MS (80 relapsing-remitting [RR], 36 secondary progressive [SP], and 21 primary progressive [PP]) and 12 healthy controls, a brain MRI scan was obtained. Patients also underwent MSFC and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) assessments. MRI analysis included determination of hypointense T1- and hyperintense T2-weighted lesion load, and two brain volume measurements: 1) the parenchymal fraction (PF): whole brain parenchyma/intracranial volume; and 2) the ventricular fraction (VF): ventricular volume/whole brain parenchyma. Results: The median PF was smaller and the median VF larger in the patient group (0.81 for PF and 0.029 for VF) than in the control group (0.87 for PF, p < 0.001; and 0.013 for VF, p < 0.01). For the patient population, moderate correlations were found between brain volume measurements and MSFC (0.36 for PF and -0.40 for VF). Patients with short disease duration showed a correlation of MSFC with both brain and lesion volume measurements on MRI, whereas patients with long disease duration only showed a correlation with brain volume measurements. Conclusion: Brain volume measurements are correlated with disability as assessed by the MSFC. Although in the early phase of the disease the amount of focal demyelination is important, the residual brain volume seems to be more relevant in determining disability in later phases of the disease.