Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limbic P3 potentials, seizure localization, and surgical pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy

Limbic P3 event‐related potentials were recorded from mesial temporal electrodes implanted for presurgical investigation in 70 patients with intractable focal seizures. IN 46 (81%) of 57 patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy, the limbic P3 potential was absent or rudimentary ipsilateral to the seizure focus and a robust P3 potential was always elicite from the nonepileptogenic temporal lobe. Bilateral P3 potentials were recorded in 6 patients (10%) with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. In the remaining 5 patients in the group with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy, results showed P3 bilaterally absent (2 patients), P3 present in a unilateral investigation (1 patient), P3 absent contralateral to the seizure focus (1 patient), and technically unsatisfactory recordings (1 patient). Bilaterally absent P3 potentials were noted in 2 patients with bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. In 6 patients with technically adequate P3 studies and extratemporal seizures, bilaterally present P3 potentials were noted. Sensitivity and specificity of P3 absence as a predictor of an epileptoghenic temporal lobe were 87% and 95%, respectively. Tissue specimens of the hippocampus were available in 22 patients (43%). Thirteen hippocampi showed sclerosis, all of which were associated with unilaterally absent P3 potentials. Nine hippocampi were normal (5 patients with the P3 absent, 4 with P3 present). Sensitivity and specificity of an absent limbic P3 as a function of hippocampal pathological findings were 100% and 44%, respectively. Absent limbic P3 potentials in temporal lobe epilepsy thus indicate strucutal or functional hippocambal abnormality and may add important information in presurgical evaluation with depth electrodes of patients who have temporal lobe epilepsy.
Imidazolopiperazines: Hit to Lead Optimization of New Antimalarial Agents

Starting from a hit series from a GNF compound library collection and based on a cell-based proliferation assay of Plasmodium falciparum, a novel imidazolopiperazine scaffold was optimized. SAR for this series of compounds is discussed, focusing on optimization of cellular potency against wild-type and drug resistant parasites and improvement of physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The lead compounds in this series showed good potencies in vitro and decent oral exposure levels in vivo. In a Plasmodium berghei mouse infection model, one lead compound lowered the parasitemia level by 99.4% after administration of 100 mg/kg single oral dose and prolonged mice survival by an average of 17.0 days. The lead compounds were also well-tolerated in the preliminary in vitro toxicity studies and represents an interesting lead for drug development.
A High Gain Current Mode Instrumentation Amplifier

An instrumentation amplifier (IA) plays a vital role in many areas such as data acquisition, medical instrumentation and signal processing applications. It needs wide bandwidth and high CMRR to suppress the unwanted common-mode signals[1-2]. In instrumentation amplifiers the CMRR is usually considered to be one of most important parameters. The popular voltage mode three-operational amplifier-based topology has some drawbacks because it’s CMRR and gain is very low because of resistor mismatching and the bandwidth of instrumentation amplifier is attenuated by the constant gain bandwidth product of the operational amplifiers [3-5]. To overcome these drawbacks we have gone through the current mode instrumentation amplifiers (CMIA). Similar supported current mode versions are Second Generation Current Controlled Current Conveyors (CCII) [20-23], Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) [10-11], Operational Trans-resistance Amplifier (OTRA) [12-15], and Current Conveyors (CC) [16-19]. This proposed current mode instrumentation amplifier is designed by using two current conveyers and one operational trans conductance amplifier because of recent advancement in VLSI technology the size of transistors decreases and power supply additionally decreases. The current conveyer and operational transconductance amplifier are major building blocks in analog circuit design with linear input output characteristics. The instrumentation deals with low level signals . This proposed instrumentation amplifier is very good for rejecting the common mode noise signals and getting high gain compare to normal instrumentation amplifier. Practical application. Here we are using current subtraction mechanism[26] for getting high CMRR and that amplifier is redrawn in Fig. 1. But the use of operational amplifier limits the CMRR of this IA. In this paper, A further improved version of CMIA is reported in shown in Fig 1.
High Level of Proteinuria During Treatment With Renin—Angiotensin Inhibitors Is a Strong Predictor of Renal Outcome in Nondiabetic Kidney Disease

This study investigated whether proteinuria not only could serve as a marker of renal outcome but also could monitor the renoprotection of renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor treatment in patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data from the Renoprotection of Optimal Antiproteinuric Doses (ROAD) trial were used to examine the contribution of the antiproteinuric effect of benazepril and losartan on renal outcome (the primary composite end point of doubling of serum creatinine and end‐stage renal disease or death) in 339 Chinese nondiabetic CKD patients with overt proteinuria and renal insufficiency. The degree of proteinuria at month 6 of treatment (residual proteinuria) and during follow‐up (time‐average proteinuria) showed a close relationship with renal end points. Lowering of proteinuria reduced the risk of renal progression in patients with high, as well as low, proteinuria at baseline. After adjustment for baseline risk markers, therapy‐induced change in these variables at month 6 and during follow‐up—high residual proteinuria and time‐average proteinuria (≥1.0 g/d)—remained the independent predictors for renal end points. Therefore, minimization of proteinuria at least to less than 1.0 g/d should be a therapeutic goal in the management of nondiabetic patients with heavy proteinuria and renal insufficiency.
A new genus and new species of the family Caliscelidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from Thailand with notes on evolution of the family

Thaiscelis alutaceus gen. et sp. nov. is described from Thailand, which is the first record of the subfamily Caliscelinae from this country. The taxonomic position of the genus Bambusicaliscelis Chen et Zhang, as well as the evolution of the family Caliscelidae, are briefly discussed. The area of origin and the primitive and advanced groups of the family are hypothesized.
The effect of history of severe mental illness on mortality in colorectal cancer cases: a register-based cohort study

Abstract Background: While the link between mental illness and cancer survival is well established, few studies have focused on colorectal cancer. We examined outcomes of colorectal cancer among persons with a history of severe mental illness (SMI). Material and methods: We identified patients with their first colorectal cancer diagnosis in 1990–2013 (n = 41,708) from the Finnish Cancer Registry, hospital admissions due to SMI preceding cancer diagnosis (n = 2382) from the Hospital Discharge Register and deaths from the Causes of Death statistics. Cox regression models were used to study the impact on SMI to mortality differences. Results: We found excess colorectal cancer mortality among persons with a history of psychosis and with substance use disorder. When controlling for age, comorbidity, stage at presentation and treatment, excess mortality risk among men with a history of psychosis was 1.72 (1.46–2.04) and women 1.37 (1.20–1.57). Among men with substance use disorder, the excess risk was 1.22 (1.09–1.37). Conclusion: Understanding factors contributing to excess mortality among persons with a history of psychosis or substance use requires more detailed clinical studies and studies of care processes among these vulnerable patient groups. Collaboration between patients, mental health care and oncological teams is needed to improve outcomes of care.
Long-term Outcome of Acute versus Chronic Bony Bankart Lesions Managed Arthroscopically

Background Acute bony Bankart lesions can be successfully treated with an arthroscopic approach to fix the avulsed bone fragment to the glenoid without grafting. Hypothesis Chronic bony Bankart lesions with glenoid defects can be repaired arthroscopically in the same manner as acute lesions. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Over 6 years, 215 of 406 unstable shoulders were managed with an arthroscopic approach. A bony Bankart lesion was detected in 68 (31.6%); of these, 41 were operated on <3 months after the first dislocation (acute group) and 27 at a longer interval (chronic group). Preoperative evaluation was by radiography and computed tomography. A modified Bankart technique was used to repair the capsulolabral complex and fix the avulsed bone fragment to the healthy glenoid with suture anchors. Long-term follow-up data (at least 4 years) were available for 65 patients (41 acute and 24 chronic). Preoperative and postoperative Rowe scores were compared. Results One patient from the acute group (2.4%) and 1 patient in the chronic group (4.2%) experienced traumatic redislocation. The mean postoperative Rowe scores increased, from 59 to 92 and from 43.5 to 61, respectively (both P < .001). Conclusion An arthroscopic procedure using suture anchors appears to enable successful treatment of acute bony Bankart lesions. Chronic lesions had less favorable outcomes.
Cytokine profiles, signalling pathways and effects of fluticasone propionate in respiratory syncytial virus‐infected human foetal lung fibroblasts

To examine cytokine production in response to RSV infection, we assessed the levels of 29 cytokines released from RSV‐infected human foetal lung fibroblasts. We also examined the relationships between the effects of fluticasone propionate and various signalling pathways in the cells. Twenty‐four hours after infection (1MOI), RSV‐infected cells released cytokines, for example proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α), anti‐inflammatory (IL‐1ra), Th1 (IFN‐γ, IFN‐λ1a, IL‐2 and IL‐12), Th2 (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10 and IL‐13), granulopoiesis‐inducing (G‐CSF and GM‐CSF), eosinophil recruitment‐inducing (eotaxin and RANTES) and neutrophil recruitment‐inducing cytokines (IL‐8, IP‐10, MCP‐1 and MIP‐1α). Aberrant release of most was significantly suppressed by fluticasone propionate. Twelve hours after RSV infection, increased phosphorylation of Akt, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and IκB‐α was noted. Fluticasone propionate suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2, but not IκB‐α, in virus‐infected cells. TLR‐4 expression was unchanged in control and RSV‐infected cells, and TLR‐3 and RIG‐I expression was not detected. The results indicate that RSV infection induces aberrant production and release of certain cytokines through these signalling pathways in human lung fibroblasts. Overproduction and imbalance of these cytokines may be associated with the pathophysiology of RSV‐induced excessive and allergic inflammation.
Eocene magmatism: The heat source for Carlin-type gold deposits of northern Nevada

The origin of Carlin-type or sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposits of the Great Basin, the major source of gold in the United States, is poorly understood. We propose that Eocene magmatism was the heat source that drove the hydrothermal systems that generated these deposits in the Carlin trend and Independence Mountains in northern Nevada. This interpretation is based on a strong spatial and temporal association of Eocene intrusive-volcanic centers with the gold deposits of this region. Our new work and published 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates indicate that magmatism was particularly intense between 39 and 40 Ma throughout northeastern Nevada, especially in and around the area of gold deposits. Carlin-type deposits may have formed preferentially during Eocene magmatism because it was (1) more intense in the area than other magmatic episodes, (2) somehow compositionally distinct, or (3) accompanied by extension that promoted hydrothermal flow. However, large-scale extension does not appear to have been a factor in generating Carlin-type deposits.
Pleural amyloidosis in a patient with intractable pleural effusion and multiple myeloma

Pleural involvement of systemic amyloidosis has been rarely reported. We report a case with multiple myeloma presenting an intractable right pleural effusion, in which pleural amyloidosis was diagnosed through pleural biopsy using a Cope needle. The diagnosis of pleural amyloidosis is important, because its refractory pleural effusion should be treated with pleurodesis. Since closed pleural biopsy using a Cope needle is much less invasive than thoracoscopy, the former should be attempted first whenever pleural amyloidosis is suspected.
Near-field waveforms from an arbitrarily expanding , transparent spherical cavity in a prestressed medium

A simple, approximate (‘transparent’) solution is derived for the near-field radiation emitted by a spherical cavity expanding in an initial pure shear prestress field. Near-field terms, their propaBtion and decay are discussed for a variety of growth histories, and are shown to be rather insensitive to the detailed variations of rupture velocity. The transparency approximation is shown to be adequate in the near field as well as in the far field; the main effect is a slight narrowing of far-field pulses. Time domain moment estimators at close range are more reliable for the S wave than for the P wave since transverse pulses are not as strongly contaminated by nearfield effects.
A Review of the Pharmacological potential of the Water Lily Nymphaea lotus

Natural Product serve as a major source of drugs for centuries, and about half of the pharmaceuticals in use today are derived from Natural Product. Herbal medicines have become a popular form of therapy both in the developed and developing countries. However, many of these natural products are used by population despite the fact that the scientific data on their pharmaco toxic profile are unknown. In regard to this present trend, extracts from a medicinal plant widely spread in Africa, Nymphaea lotus L were the investigated natural material. This review summarizes thus the evidence for pharmacological activities of Nymphaea lotus Linn extracts, highlighting, where investigated, its pharmacotoxic potential.
Frequency and distribution of TUNEL‐positive neurons in brains of dementia with Lewy bodies: Comparison with those in brains of Alzheimer's disease

The present study investigated the frequency and distribution of TUNEL‐positive neurons in brains of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in comparison with those in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS) and non‐demented elderly persons. In DLB brains, TUNEL‐positive neurons were increased in frequency compared with those in non‐demented elderly brains, and showed a distribution similar to those in AD and DS brains. DLB cases with TUNEL‐positive neurons showing severe Lewy pathology were all neocortical type, while DLB cases of the limbic type showing mild Lewy pathology did not demonstrate TUNEL‐positive neurons. In addition, we investigated the relationships between TUNEL‐positive neurons and pathological hallmarks of DLB or AD brains. TUNEL‐positive neurons had no Lewy bodies or neurofibrillary tangles, and were not located within amyloid deposits. These findings suggest that neuronal damage showing DNA fragmentations occurs in DLB brains as well as in AD and DS brains, and that it is accelerated by progression of Lewy pathology as well as Alzheimer pathology, although it is not directly related to their pathological hallmarks.
Transcriptional profiling of the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida in pentachlorophenol‐contaminated soil

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a widely used pesticide, is considered to be an endocrine disruptor. The molecular effects of chemicals with endocrine‐disrupting potential on soil invertebrates are largely unknown. In the present study, the authors explored the transcriptional expression changes of collembola (Folsomia candida) in response to PCP contamination. A total of 92 genes were significantly differentially expressed at all exposure times, and the majority of them were found to be downregulated. In addition to the transcripts encoding cytochrome P450s and transferase enzymes, chitin‐binding protein was also identified in the list of common differentially expressed genes. Analyses of gene ontology annotation and enrichment revealed that cell cycle‐related transcripts were significantly induced by PCP, indicating that PCP can stimulate cell proliferation in springtail, as has been reported in human breast cancer cells. Enrichment of functional terms related to steroid receptors was observed, particularly in 20 significant differentially expressed genes involved in chitin metabolism in response to PCP exposure. Combined with confirmation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the results indicate that the adverse effects on reproduction of springtails after exposure to PCP can be attributed to a chemical‐induced delay in the molting cycle and that molting‐associated genes may serve as possible biomarkers for assessing toxicological effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1362–1368. © 2015 SETAC
Grenzen von SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund SMILE ist ein relativ neues Verfahren der refraktiven Chirurgie, das bisher zur Korrektur von mittleren und höheren Myopien zugelassen wurde. Die Grenzen des Verfahrens sind nur unvollständig bekannt. Methoden Literaturrecherche mithilfe von PubMed bis zum 1. 10. 2016. Ergebnisse/Diskussion Neuere Messungen der Biomechanik der Hornhaut deuten darauf hin, dass die Schwächung der Hornhaut nach SMILE sich nicht oder nur schwach signifikant von der nach LASIK unterscheidet. Die Visusrehabilitation nach der Operation verläuft nach SMILE signifikant langsamer (z. T. Wochen) als nach LASIK (Tage). Die refraktive Trefferquote von SMILE ist nur noch wenig schlechter als die von LASIK (88 % gegenüber 94 % innerhalb ± 0,5 dpt). Nicht geklärt ist das Problem der Reoperation. Schlussfolgerung Um SMILE vergleichbar zu LASIK zu machen, sind sowohl technische Entwicklungen als auch klinische Verbesserungen der Operationstechnik notwendig. Ein konkurrenzfähiges Produkt auf dem Markt würde den Fortschritt beschleunigen.
Comparative Study of Grip Strength in Different Positions of Shoulder and Elbow with Wrist in Neutral and Extension Positions

This study investigated the effect of shoulder, elbow positions with respect to wrist positioned in neutral and in extension in 25 males and 25 females. A hydraulic dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in six testing positions with respect to wrist positioned in neutral and in extension. The six grip strength tests consisted of three positions in which the elbow was maintained in full extension with varying degrees of shoulder flexion (0, 90 and 180) and other three positions where the elbow was maintained in 90 flexion combined with varying degrees of shoulder flexion (0, 90 and 180). Only the dominant hand was tested. The highest mean grip strength score was recorded when the shoulder was positioned in 180 of flexion with elbow in complete extension with respect to wrist being positioned in neutral (30.20 ± 8.74) and wrist in extension (25.44 ± 7.51), while the lowest mean grip strength score was recorded when shoulder was positioned in 180 flexion with elbow 900 flexion with respect to wrist being positioned in neutral (21.92 ± 7.45) and wrist in extension (19.40 ± 6.21). Finally grip strength differed significantly for both sexes and study showed males have greater grip strength than females with respect to wrist being positioned in neutral and in extension. In essence, our study affirms that various joint positions can affect grip strength, especially elbow and shoulder joints with respect to wrist positions (neutral and extension). Clinically useful information may be derived from these findings and are valuable in evaluation and rehabilitation training of hand injured patients
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous propofol administered at two infusion rates: a transthoracic echocardiographic study

We assessed the haemodynamic changes after a propofol infusion at two rates in low‐risk unpremedicated patients (ASA I–II). To determine contractility changes and loading conditions, we measured the ejection fraction, end‐systolic quotient and fractional shortening on transthoracic echocardiograms. We studied 40 patients undergoing peripheral neurosurgical procedures under general anaesthesia induced by propofol alone (total dose 2.5 mg.kg−1). Patients were randomly assigned to receive propofol at an infusion rate of 10 mg.s−1; or 2 mg.s−1. Haemodynamic data were recorded simultaneously immediately before propofol infusion, at the end of infusion, and 5 and 10 min after the infusion ended. The higher infusion rate induced a larger decrease in mean arterial pressure than the lower infusion rate (− 20% vs. − 10% from baseline, p = 0.01). In both groups, global and segmental ventricular function remained unchanged throughout the study. In both groups, there were markedly reduced end‐systolic quotients – presumably related to diminished afterload, and in the higher infusion‐rate group a significant reduction in fractional shortening – presumably related principally to diminished preload.
Electrophysiological and psychological changes induced by steroid hormones in men and women.

The effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle and of oral contraceptives on the EEG, heart-rate and a number of performance tasks were investigated in 16 female subjects (Ss). Powerspectral analysis in the EEG revealed significantly increased alpha-frequencies and heart-rates during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle whereas the mean theta-frequency and power decreased. A number of psychological test variables, such as reaction time to a tone, to a flickering light and to a colour-tone sequence and the time to solve simple arithmetic problems was shorter at the periovulatory time. Another minimum was reached during the perimenstrual phase. The flicker-fusion-frequency was higher during these two periods. No such effects could be observed when the same Ss were treated with oral contraceptives. It is concluded that the phenomena observed during the luteal phase of the cycle may be the expression of a slight general arousal effect, possibly medicated by progesterone via the noradrenergic system. In a subsequent double blind study 30 male Ss were treated with an gestagenic compound (D-Norgestrel, 2.5 mg/die), an estrogenic compound (estradiolvalerate, 5 mg/die), an androgenic substance (Mesterolone, 100 mg/die) or with placebo. Only treatment with the progestational compound revealed significant changes in the EEG and the performance tests. These changes were qualitatively similar to those observed during the luteal phase of the female Ss. Under both conditions, i.e. the luteal phase and D-Norgestrel treatment, the body-temperature was significantly increased. Hence, the question whether gestagens exert their effects directly on CNS structures which modulate EEG appearance and behavior or indirectly via increased body-temperature cannot be answered convincingly.