Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Episodic future thinking, delay discounting, and exercise during weight loss maintenance: The PACE trial.

OBJECTIVES Weight loss maintenance (WLM) is the next major challenge in obesity treatment. While most individuals who lose weight intend to keep their weight off, weight regain is common. Temporal Self-Regulation Theory posits that whether intentions lead to behavior depends on self-regulatory capacity, including delay discounting (DD; the tendency to discount a larger future reward in favor of a smaller immediate reward). Episodic Future Thinking (EFT; mental imagery of a future event for which a health goal is important) may improve DD and promote behavior change. Described herein is a trial protocol designed to examine whether EFT improves DD within the context of weight loss maintenance. METHOD Participants who lose ≥5% of initial body weight in an online behavioral weight loss intervention will be randomly assigned to a standard weight loss maintenance program (WLM-STD) or a weight loss maintenance program plus EFT (WLM + EFT). Both interventions involve periodic phone and in-person treatment sessions. Participants in WLM + EFT will engage in daily EFT training via smartphone. To control for contact, participants in WLM-STD will engage in daily Healthy Thinking (reviewing strategies for weight management) on their smartphone. Our primary hypothesis is that WLM + EFT will yield better improvements in DD compared to WLM-STD. We will also explore whether DD mediates the relationship between intervention allocation and physical activity (secondary outcome). Weight and contextual variables will be explored. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to test whether EFT improves DD within the context of weight loss maintenance; results from this experimental medicine approach could have important implications for understanding the impact of both EFT and DD on sustained behavior change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Identification of specific Tie2 cleavage sites and therapeutic modulation in experimental sepsis

Endothelial Tie2 signaling plays a pivotal role in vascular barrier maintenance at baseline and after injury. We previously demonstrated that a sharp drop in Tie2 expression observed across various murine models of critical illnesses is associated with increased vascular permeability and mortality. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)−14-mediated Tie2 ectodomain shedding has recently been recognized as a possible mechanism for Tie2 downregulation in sepsis. Here, we identified the exact MMP14-mediated Tie2 ectodomain cleavage sites and could show that pharmacological MMP14 blockade in experimental murine sepsis exerts barrier protective and anti-inflammatory effects predominantly through the attenuation of Tie2 cleavage to improve survival both in a pre-treatment and rescue approach. Overall, we show that protecting Tie2 shedding might offer a new therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of septic vascular leakage.
The effects of 12 weeks body balance and pelvic floor muscles exercise on back pain intensity during pregnancy

Introduction: Back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders that most women experience it for the first time during pregnancy. Back pain during pregnancy can cause disability or reduced quality of life. Sport exercise is one of the choices in treatment and prevention of back pain during pregnancy and seems that doesn’t have the limitations and complications of other treatment methods. This study was performed with aim to compare the effects of 12 weeks body balance and pelvic floor muscles exercise on back pain intensity during pregnancy. Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 60 primigravida women with pregnancy pack pain in 2015. The Participants were placed in four groups of 15 cases: body balance, Kegel exercise, combination of body balance and Kegel exercises, and control; they performed these exercises for 12 weeks. Data collection tool was VAS 10 marks, and the patient’s pain score was recorded before doing the exercises and also at last month of the pregnancy. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Kolmogrov-Smirnov, paired-t and ANOVA tests. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: At the end of the intervention, mean of pregnancy back pain significantly reduced in the groups of body balance and combination of exercise (p<0.05), although the mean of pregnancy back pain in Kegel group reduced after exercise, but was not significant (P=0.138). The mean of pregnancy back pain significantly increased in control group (P=0.0001). There was significant difference between Kegel exercise and combination of body balance and Kegel exercises on pregnancy back pain (P=0.0006). Also, 12 weeks body balance, Kegel exercise and combination of body balance and Kegel exercises had significant effects on reduction of pregnancy back pain intensity (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Exercise protocol based on the body balance and Kegel improves pregnancy back pain, but body balance exercise causes more reduction in pregnancy back pain.
On farm interventions to minimise Campylobacter spp. contamination in chicken

ABSTRACT 1. This review explores current and proposed on-farm interventions and assess the potential of these interventions against Campylobacter spp. 2. Interventions such as vaccination, feed/water-additives and, most importantly, consistent biosecurity, exhibit potential for the effective control of this pathogen and its dissemination within the food chain. 3. Due to the extensive diversity in the Campylobacter spp. genome and surface-expressed proteins, vaccination of poultry is not yet regarded as a completely effective strategy. 4. The acidification of drinking water through the addition of organic acids has been reported to decrease the risk of Campylobacter spp. colonisation in broiler flocks. Whilst this treatment alone will not completely protect birds, use of water acidification in combination with in-feed measures to further reduce the level of Campylobacter spp. colonisation in poultry may be an option meriting further exploration. 5. The use of varied types of feed supplements to reduce the intestinal population and shedding rate of Campylobacter spp. in poultry is an area of growing interest in the poultry industry. Such supplements include pro – and pre-biotics, organic acids, bacteriocins and bacteriophage, which may be added to feed and water. 6. From the literature, it is clear that a distinct, albeit not unexpected, difference between the performance of in-feed interventions exists when examined in vitro compared to those determined in in vivo studies. It is much more likely that pooling some of the discussed approaches in the in-feed tool kit will provide an answer. 7. Whilst on-farm biosecurity is essential to maintain a healthy flock and reduce disease transmission, even the most stringent biosecurity measures may not have sufficient, consistent and predictable effects in controlling Campylobacter spp. Furthermore, the combination of varied dietary approaches and improved biosecurity measures may synergistically improve control.
The First Five Years in the Reorganization of Aboveground Biomass and Nutrient Use Following Hurricane Hugo in the Bisley Experimental Watersheds, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico1

Five years after Hurricane Hugo reduced the aboveground biomass by 50 percent in two forested watersheds in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico, regeneration and growth of survivors had increased the aboveground biomass to 86 percent of the pre-hurricane value. Over the 5 yr, the net aboveground productivity averaged 21.6 Mg.ha-1 yr-' and was faster than most plantations and secondary forests in the area. Woodfall and associated nutrient fluxes never attained pre-storm values but by the fifth yr, mean daily total litterfall, and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg fluxes in litterfall were 83, 74, 62, 98, 75, and 81 percent of their pre-disturbance values, respectively. Aboveground nutrient pools of these nutrients ranged from 102 to 161 percent of their pre-disturbance values and were larger after 5 yr because of higher nutrient concentrations in the regeneration compared to the older wood that it replaced. The following sequence of ecosystem reorganization during this first 5 yr period is suggested. An initial period of foliage production and crown development occurred as hurricane survivors re-leafed and herbaceous vegetation and woody regeneration became established. During this period, 75 to 92 percent of the nutrient uptake was retained in the aboveground vegetation and there was a relatively low rate of aboveground carbon accumulation per mole of nutrient cycled. This initial period of canopy development was followed by a peak in aboveground productivity that occurred as early successional species entered the sapling and pole stages. This period was followed by the establishment of the litterfall nutrient cycle and an increase in the net productivity per mole of nutrient cycled. During this 5 yr period, the Bisley forest had some of the lowest withinstand nutrient-use-efficiencies and some of the highest levels of aboveground productivity ever observed in the LEE The study demonstrates that high levels of productivity and rapid rates of aboveground reorganization can be achieved with rapid within-system cycling and inefficient within-stand nutrient use.
Childhood stunting and wasting in Myanmar: Key drivers and implications for policies and programmes

Abstract Child undernutrition is a public health and development problem in Myanmar that is jeopardizing children's physical and cognitive development and the country's social and economic progress. We identified key drivers of child stunting (low height‐for‐age) and wasting (low weight‐for‐height) in a nationally representative sample (n = 3,981) of children 0–59 months of age. The national prevalence of child stunting and wasting was 28% and 7%, respectively. Boys were more likely to be stunted or wasted than girls. Older children 24–35 months were at the highest risk of stunting compared with children under 6 months (risk ratios [RR] 10.34; 95% CI [6.42, 16.65]) whereas the youngest, under 6 months, were at the highest risk of wasting compared with children 36–59 months (RR 2.04; 95% CI [1.16, 3.57]). Maternal height <145 cm (RR 5.10; 95% CI [3.15, 8.23]), perceived small child size at birth (RR 2.08; 95% CI [1.62, 2.69]), and not benefiting from institutional delivery (RR 1.52; 95% CI [1.24, 1.87]) were associated with an increased risk of child stunting, as were maternal occupation, unimproved household drinking water, living in delta, coastal or upland areas, and poorer household wealth index quintile. Increased risk of child wasting was associated with maternal underweight (RR 1.64; 95% CI [1.11, 2.42]) and open defecation (RR 1.91; 95% CI [1.25, 2.92]) as well as maternal occupation and residence in a coastal area. Our findings indicate that the key drivers of child undernutrition in Myanmar are multifaceted and start in utero. Investing in scaling‐up multisectoral approaches that include nutrition‐specific and nutrition‐sensitive interventions with a focus on improving maternal nutrition is essential for reducing child undernutrition and contributing to further gains in the country's human and economic development.
Endovascular Recanalization for Nonacute Intracranial Vertebral Artery Occlusion According to a New Classification

Background and Purpose: Endovascular recanalization for patients with nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion remains clinically challenging. We aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endovascular recanalization for nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion and propose a new angiographic classification. Methods: Fifty patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion from January 2015 to December 2019 were analyzed, retrospectively. The rate of recanalization, peri-procedural complications, and follow-up results were evaluated. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to an angiographic classification. Results: Among the 50 patients, 38 (76%) achieved successful recanalization. Any stroke or death within 30 days was 4% (2/50). From type I to type IV, the recanalization rate gradually decreased (94.1%, 76.9%, 70%, and 50%, respectively, P=0.012), while the perioperative complication rate gradually increased (0.0%, 7.7%, 20%, and 50%, respectively, P=0.001). Conclusions: Endovascular recanalization may be feasible and safe for carefully selected patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion and, therefore, represents an alternative treatment, especially for type I and type II patients.
Infiltration by IL22-Producing T Cells Promotes Neutrophil Recruitment and Predicts Favorable Clinical Outcome in Human Colorectal Cancer

IL22-producing immune cells are involved in inflammatory gut diseases, yet their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. IL22-secreting T cells recruit neutrophils to CRC tumors, leading to enhanced patient survival. Immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer effectively predicts clinical outcome. IL22, produced by immune cells, plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease, but its relevance in colorectal cancer remains unclear. Here, we addressed the prognostic significance of IL22+ cell infiltration in colorectal cancer and its effects on the composition of tumor microenvironment. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were stained with an IL22-specific mAb, and positive immune cells were counted by expert pathologists. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic data and overall survival (OS). Phenotypes of IL22-producing cells were assessed by flow cytometry on cell suspensions from digested specimens. Chemokine production was evaluated in vitro upon colorectal cancer cell exposure to IL22, and culture supernatants were used to assess neutrophil migration in vitro. Evaluation of a testing (n = 425) and a validation TMA (n = 89) revealed that high numbers of IL22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells were associated with improved OS in colorectal cancer. Ex vivo analysis indicated that IL22 was produced by CD4+ and CD8+ polyfunctional T cells, which also produced IL17 and IFNγ. Exposure of colorectal cancer cells to IL22 promoted the release of the neutrophil-recruiting chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 and enhanced neutrophil migration in vitro. Combined survival analysis revealed that the favorable prognostic significance of IL22 in colorectal cancer relied on the presence of neutrophils and was enhanced by T-cell infiltration. Altogether, colorectal cancer–infiltrating IL22-producing T cells promoted a favorable clinical outcome by recruiting beneficial neutrophils capable of enhancing T-cell responses.
Parents of Adolescents Perspectives of Physical Activity, Gaming and Virtual Reality: Qualitative Study

Background Virtual reality (VR) exergaming may be a promising avenue to engage adolescents with physical activity. Since parental support is a consistent determinant of physical activity in adolescents, it is crucial to gather the views of parents of adolescents about this type of intervention. Objective This study aimed to interview parents of younger adolescents (13-17 years old) about physical activity, gaming, and VR as part of the larger vEngage study. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 parents of adolescents. Data were synthesized using framework analysis. Results Parents believed that encouraging physical activity in adolescents was important, particularly for mental health. Most parents felt that their children were not active enough. Parents reported their adolescents regularly gamed, with mostly negative perceptions of gaming due to violent content and becoming addicted. Parents discussed an inability to relate to gaming due to “generational differences,” but an exception was exergaming, which they had played with their children in the past (eg, Wii Fit). Specific recommendations for promoting a VR exergaming intervention were provided, but ultimately parents strongly supported harnessing gaming for any positive purpose. Conclusions The current study suggests promise for a VR exergaming intervention, but this must be framed in a way that addresses parental concerns, particularly around addiction, violence, and safety, without actively involving their participation. While parents would rather their children performed “real-world” physical activity, they believed the key to engagement was through technology. Overall, there was the perception that harnessing gaming and sedentary screen time for a positive purpose would be strongly supported.
Radiological characterization of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) by X- ray computed tomography.

In recent years, the increasing use of fish as new animal models in scientific research and the growth of fish farming (mainly for human consumption) have highlighted the need for advanced technology to deepen our knowledge of fish biology. Hence, the present study was carried out to radiologically analyse the whole body of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) specimens using X-ray computed tomography (CT). Images were acquired in an Albira SPECT/PET/CT tri-modal preclinical-scanner. Segmentation, measurements, and 3D reconstruction were made using the Carestream Molecular imaging Albira CT system in conjunction with Pmod, AMIDE and Amira software packages. The results showed that the density values of gilthead seabream are in the range -700 to +2500 HU for the whole body. We also determined the density ranges that topographically coincide with the swim bladder, soft tissues, fat, skin and skeleton. This work describes, validates and demonstrates the application of a fully automated image analysis technique to study and quantify fish body composition, whether segmented or as a whole. In addition, the basis for applying this image technique in other in vivo studies is established. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The correlation of Internet addiction towards adolescents’ social interaction

Abstract Objectives Internet addiction is a pathological condition that drives a person to use technology excessively. Internet addiction can cause problems among adolescents to lose interest in everyday life and triggers social interaction problems. Aim: explaining the correlation between Internet addiction and adolescents’ social interaction. Methods This study was a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Respondents in this study were high school adolescents aged 15–18 years (n=215). The independent variable used in this study was Internet addiction and dependent variable was adolescents’ social interaction (social interaction between adolescents and parents, peer, school environment and community). The level of Internet addiction was measured by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Kimberly S. Young and Griffiths. The data obtained were analyzed using the Spearman rho. Results There was a significant that relationship between adolescent Internet addiction and interaction with parents (r=−0.568; p=0.000), peers (r=−0.587; p=0.000), and school environment (r=−0.213; p=0.002) but there was no relation between Internet addiction towards social interaction of adolescents with the community (r=−0, 090; p=0.191). Conclusions This study showed that Internet addiction could affect adolescent social interactions with parents, peers and their interactions in the school environment.
CHD8 dosage regulates transcription in pluripotency and early murine neural differentiation

Significance The chromatin remodeler CHD8 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we identify dosage-sensitive roles for CHD8 in the regulation of transcription and define CHD8’s role in regulating genome-wide accessibility. Importantly, we present new results that help to define the molecular function of CHD8 both in the context of pluripotency and in neural differentiation with implications for its role in ASD. By determining the execution point at which mutations in Chd8 might contribute to the disease, we hope to discover the potential for therapeutic approaches. The chromatin remodeler CHD8 is among the most frequently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). CHD8 has a dosage-sensitive role in ASD, but when and how it becomes critical to human social function is unclear. Here, we conducted genomic analyses of heterozygous and homozygous Chd8 mouse embryonic stem cells and differentiated neural progenitors. We identify dosage-sensitive CHD8 transcriptional targets, sites of regulated accessibility, and an unexpected cooperation with SOX transcription factors. Collectively, our findings reveal that CHD8 negatively regulates expression of neuronal genes to maintain pluripotency and also during differentiation. Thus, CHD8 is essential for both the maintenance of pluripotency and neural differentiation, providing mechanistic insight into its function with potential implications for ASD.
Les mouvements de l'eau dans les organismes vivants : l'exemple de la plante

L’eau est le principal constituant des organismes vivants. Par exemple, le contenu en eau du corps humain représente en moyenne 65% de son poids total et celui des plantes varie entre 80 et 95% (1). L’eau se retrouve majoritairement au sein des cellules, unités fonctionnelles constituants tous les êtres vivants. Par ses propriétés physico-chimiques, l’eau remplit des fonctions essentielles. Elle participe à un grand nombre de réactions chimiques ayant lieu au sein des cellules, elle assure le transport d’éléments nutritifs indispensables à leur métabolisme, elle maintient la pression de turgescence au sein des cellules végétales, elle permet l’élimination des déchets métaboliques ou encore, participe à la thermorégulation des organismes (1). Il est donc essentiel que les organismes vivants puissent se procurer de l’eau et que les pertes d’eau soient compensées par les apports.
Synergistic activity of Pelargonium capitatum and Cymbopogon martini essential oils against C. albicans

Abstract The antifungal activity of Pelargonium capitatum essential oil (PCEO) and Cymbopogon martini essential oil (CMEO) against C.albicans were evaluated. The main components of essential oils were β-cytronellol 58.81% and geraniol 83.94% in PCEO and CMEO, respectively. PCEO was more activity than CMEO for all C.albicans strains tested with values MIC50 or MIC90 of 780 µg/ml. PCEO used in combination with fluconazole or CMEO shows synergistic effect with FICI values ≤ 0.5. Moreover both essential oils are able to inhibit the major virulence factor of C.albicans as the germ tube formation at sub-inhibitory concentration of 195 µg/ml. In conclusion, it is possible to hypothesize that PCEO can be used in combination with fluconazole or CMEO. Further studies are in due course to confirm these results.
The likelihood of crashing during a simulated post-work commute decreases across a week of consecutive night shifts

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of working multiple, consecutive night shifts on crash risk during the morning commute. Participants (36 F, 36 M, aged 23.1 ± 3.6 y) completed a laboratory-based shiftwork protocol with seven consecutive night shifts (23:00–07:00 h) that each started and ended with a 20 min simulated commute. Compared to the corresponding pre-work commutes, the likelihood of crashing during the post-work commutes was 11.0-, 8.5-, and 5.6-fold higher at the start, middle, and end of the week, respectively. The results of this simulation study indicate that crash risk is relatively high during the morning commute but declines throughout a week of night work.