Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the Ultra-thin DC Brushless Motor for a Hybrid Car – INSIGHT

We developed an ultra-thin DC brushless motor for use as the auxiliary drive of the ultra-low-fuel-consumption hybrid car, “INSIGHT”. Use of an ultra-thin design for this motor overcomes restrictions of the layout construction between the engine and the transmission. The ultra-thin design was achieved using a concentrated winding for the salient-pole of the split stator and a centralized distribution bus ring. Utilization of these technologies resulted in a maximum output performance of 10 kW at a maximum torque of 83.3 N-m while keeping the width of the electromagnetic motor circuits to a mere 60 mm. In addition, since the use of this arrangement for the motor subjects it to the effects of water and dirt just as with the clutch compartment, a joint chamber and labyrinth construction is used to form a drain. Meanwhile a stator cover and disk sensor are employed to prevent foreign matter from entering. This design achieves a motor capable of withstanding a harsh ambient environment. * Tochigi R&D Center
Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of a selected sample of 50 long-period, low-extinction Milky Way Cepheids measured on the same WFC3 F555W-, F814W-, and F160W-band photometric system as extragalactic Cepheids in Type Ia supernova host galaxies. These bright Cepheids were observed with the WFC3 spatial scanning mode in the optical and near-infrared to mitigate saturation and reduce pixel-to-pixel calibration errors to reach a mean photometric error of 5 mmag per observation. We use the new Gaia DR2 parallaxes and HST photometry to simultaneously constrain the cosmic distance scale and to measure the DR2 parallax zeropoint offset appropriate for Cepheids. We find the latter to be −46 ± 13 μas or ±6 μas for a fixed distance scale, higher than found from quasars, as expected for these brighter and redder sources. The precision of the distance scale from DR2 has been reduced by a factor of 2.5 because of the need to independently determine the parallax offset. The best-fit distance scale is 1.006 ± 0.033, relative to the scale from Riess et al. with H0 = 73.24 km s−1 Mpc−1 used to predict the parallaxes photometrically, and is inconsistent with the scale needed to match the Planck 2016 cosmic microwave background data combined with ΛCDM at the 2. 9σ confidence level (99.6%). At 96.5% confidence we find that the formal DR2 errors may be underestimated as indicated. We identify additional errors associated with the use of augmented Cepheid samples utilizing ground-based photometry and discuss their likely origins. Including the DR2 parallaxes with all prior distance-ladder data raises the current tension between the late and early universe route to the Hubble constant to 3. 8σ (99.99%). With the final expected precision from Gaia, the sample of 50 Cepheids with HST photometry will limit to 0.5% the contribution of the first rung of the distance ladder to the uncertainty in H0.
Does happiness matter? : On the value of great happiness for a great number

The previous chapters have shown that the Japanese are currently less happy than the Dutch, caused largely by societal differences between them, namely, that Japanese society is more collectivistic and less democratic. These differences can also be attributed to cultural lag. Although Japan is economically advanced, many of her institutions are still marked by the late agrarian phase of societal development, in particular her power structure and the family. If these data are correct, what should the Japanese do? Should they change their society in order to become happier, potentially by accelerating the processes of individualization and democratization that are currently ongoing in Japanese society? There is a price to such cultural modernisation as it would undermine cherished traditions, obliterate Japan's current identity, and cause unrest and alienation. Are these changes worth the additional happiness? Is an average happiness score of 6.2 not good enough? The answer to that question depends on the valuation of happiness. If one sees happiness as the highest good, then the answer is clear: Japan should further modernize. But if one feels that happiness is not everything, The answer is not so obvious and may even be negative. A well-informed choice requires an insight into the value of happiness. To that end, current views on the value of happiness are reviewed, starting with the 'greatest happiness principle' in moral philosophy and then by summarizing the criticism to that position. These moral positions are evaluated by considering the assumptions that underlie them, and then by examining the reality-value of these assumptions. For this latter purpose, I will draw on findings from empirical research on happiness.
Evaluation of cardiotoxic effects with carbon monoxide poisoning by three dimensional speckle tracking imaging

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the cardiotoxic effects of carbon monoxide poisoning. Three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) has been used in the literature to analyze left ventricular systolic function of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. 3D-STI may be a potentially more sensitive technique. Methods: This prospective study included 36 hospitalized patients with carbon monoxide poisoning and 35 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. All patients with carbon monoxide poisoning received 3DSTI examination at admission and at the time of 1 week after admission to the emergency department. Parameters were measured by 3D-STI technique which included the global longitudinal strain (GLS), global area strain (GAS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by Simpson’s method. Peripheral blood was tested within 24 hours after admission and cardiac troponin I (cTn I) was measured. Femoral artery blood was collected at admission and one week after admission to the emergency department, and arterial blood gas analysis was performed to determine carboxy hemoglobin (HbCO). T-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Chi-square test, and Pearson correlation were performed for data analysis. Results: Compared to the control group, GLS and GAS were significantly lower at admission in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between GCS, GRS, and LVFE at admission between the carbon monoxide poisoning group and the healthy control group (P > 0.05). HbCO and cTn I increased significantly at admission in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in GLS, GAS, GCS, GRS, LVEF, HbCO, and cTn I between the carbon monoxide poisoning group and the healthy control group at the time of 1 week after admission (P > 0.05). cTn I was negatively correlated with GLS and GAS, and GAS correlation (r = -0.483) was better than GLS correlation (r = -0.345). Conclusion: Heart is one of the most susceptible organs in carbon monoxide poisoning. Cardiotoxic effects with carbon monoxide poisoning can be evaluated early by 3D-STI technical. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction can be induced by carbon monoxide poisoning. GLS and GAS decreased with the increase of cTn I. Impairment of left ventricular function caused by carbon monoxide poisoning
M ay 2 01 9 Geometric information flows and G . Perelman entropy for relativistic classical and quantum mechanical systems

This work consists an introduction to the classical and quantum information theory of geometric flows of (relativistic) Lagrange–Hamilton mechanical systems. Basic geometric and physical properties of the canonical nonholonomic deformations of G. Perelman entropy functionals and geometric flows evolution equations of classical mechanical systems are described. There are studied projections of such Fand W-functionals on Lorentz spacetime manifolds and three dimensional spacelike hypersurfaces. These functionals are used for elaborating relativistic thermodynamic models for Lagrange–Hamilton geometric evolution and respective generalized R. Hamilton geometric flow and nonholonomic Ricci flow equations. The concept of nonholonomic W-entropy is developed as a complementary one for the classical Shannon entropy and the quantum von Neumann entropy. There are considered geometric flow generalizations of the approaches based on classical and quantum relative entropy, conditional entropy, mutual information, and related thermodynamic models. Such basic ingredients and topics of quantum geometric flow information theory are elaborated using the formalism of density matrices and measurements with quantum channels for evolution of quantum mechanical systems.
Localization: Motivating transition with a conservation aesthetic

Aldo Leopold is remembered most for his promotion of a land ethic. But in his book, A Sand County Almanac, he also suggests that environmental stewardship can be promoted though use of a conservation aesthetic. A land ethic, whether voluntary or mandatory, involves, in Leopold’s words, "a limitation on freedom of action in the struggle for existence," an obligation to practice restraint. Techniques exist for encouraging adoption of a land ethic. In fact, they seem to be the dominate interventions aimed at changing human behavior. Unfortunately these commonly used strategies of education, regulation and economic manipulation are rarely sufficient, sometimes unreliable and usually non-durable.
Localisation in equivariant cohomology and the Duistermaat-Heckman Theorem

These are lecture notes for two talks given at a seminar of the SFB-TR 12 "Symmetries and Universality in Mesoscopic Systems" in April 2006. We study equivariant differential forms on (symplectic) manifolds endowed with an action of a compact Lie group K. We prove localisation results under certain assumptions on the fixed point set of the action, give references for the proofs in the general cases, and indicate some applications.
Query-Task Mapping

Several recent task-based search studies aim at splitting query logs into sets of queries for the same task or information need. We address the natural next step: mapping a currently submitted query to an appropriate task in an already task-split log. This query-task mapping can, for instance, enhance query suggestions---rendering efficiency of the mapping, besides accuracy, a key objective. Our main contributions are three large benchmark datasets and preliminary experiments with four query-task mapping approaches: (1) a Trie-based approach, (2) MinHash~LSH, (3) word movers distance in a Word2Vec setup, and (4) an inverted index-based approach. The experiments show that the fast and accurate inverted index-based method forms a strong baseline.
Monitoring attitude and dynamic acceleration of free-moving aquatic animals using a gyroscope

A novel method (the 'gyro method') was developed to monitor the attitude and dynamic acceleration of free-moving aquatic animals with high precision and temporal resolution (100 Hz) using a new type of animal-attached data logger with a 3-axis gyroscope, a 3-axis ac - celerometer, and a 3-axis magnetometer. The gyro method was applied to green sea turtles Chelo - nia mydas in both tank and open-sea experiments, and the data for 2 types of activity (steady swimming and breathing) were compared to those obtained by a conventional method with only an accelerometer and a magnetometer, using low-pass filtering or running mean smoothing to determine gravity-based acceleration. Significant differences (mean ± SD: 0.034 ± 0.012 g and 1.964 ± 1.090° for steady swimming) were found in the reconstructed gravity-based acceleration and attitude between the gyro method and the conventional method. The gyro method recon- structed the fluctuation in attitude associated with the power stroke of the sea turtles, which was not documented by the conventional method. Additionally, the dynamic acceleration determined by the conventional method differed from the true dynamic acceleration, whereas the gyro method was able to reconstruct any attitude change (and therefore dynamic acceleration) without using the vague criteria involved with low-pass filtering or running mean smoothing in the con- ventional method. Hence, our new method will be useful for accurately measuring kinematics and movement performance involving complicated changes in motion, such as foraging for prey and escaping from predators, or the interactions of endangered species with fishing gear.
Copenhagen meets Doha: Greenhouse gas emission reduction and trade liberalization in Norwegian agriculture

As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to achieve emission reductions. Trade liberalization involves relatively large impacts on agricultural activity. Trade distortions decrease, and, economic welfare increases substantially due to lower production. For a high cost country like Norway, this indicates that the GHG abatement cost is negative in the sector if no value is attributed to agricultural activity beyond the world market price of food. A more targeted policy to reduce GHG emissions is to use a carbon tax. Compared to the trade liberalization case, both production and land use can be kept at a higher level with only a modest decrease in economic welfare. The side-effect is, however, higher trade distortions.
Evolution by natural selection to extinction

Question: How does the mechanistic underpinning of a discrete-time model affect the possibility for evolutionary suicide? Mathematical methods: Adaptive dynamics. Relevant theory on attractor families and bifurcations. Features of model: A discrete-time population model derived from a continuous-time resource-consumer model with processes of harvesting resource, mate finding, and egg production. Results: A population-level multiplicative parameter is affected both by the probability of egg survival and harvest effort. Higher survival probability is selected for, which can result in a period-doubling cascade to chaos, and in evolutionary suicide through a global bifurcation. Also, higher harvest effort is selected for, but it becomes a scaling factor for the model without qualitatively affecting its dynamics, and demographically stochastic extinction occurs. Conclusion: Evolutionary predictions should be based on individual-level traits.
ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations

A Lagrange–Newton–SQP method is analyzed for the optimal control of the Burgers equation. Distributed controls are given, which are restricted by pointwise lower and upper bounds. The convergence of the method is proved in appropriate Banach spaces. This proof is based on a weak second-order sufficient optimality condition and the theory of Newton methods for generalized equations in Banach spaces. For the numerical realization a primal-dual active set strategy is applied. Numerical examples are included. Mathematics Subject Classification. 49J20, 49K20, 65Kxx. Received October 12, 2000. Revised April 20, 2001.
Effect of magnetic field on viscosity in the weakly ionized and magnetized plasma with power-law q-distributions in nonextensive statiostics

We study the effect of magnetic field on the viscosity of charged particles in the weakly ionized and magnetized plasma with the power-law q-distributions by using the generalized Boltzmann equation of transport in nonextensive statistics. We derive six viscosity coefficients of electrons and ions in the complex plasma, including the magnetic field introduced four viscosity coefficients, where the q-parameter and magnetic field both play significant roles. By numerical analyses, we show that these viscosity coefficients depend strongly on the magnetic field and q-parameters of the weakly ionized and magnetized plasma, and so have potential applications in low temperature complex plasmas.
Accountability in the Scottish charitable context: managing disparate masters

We examine the nature of accounting and accountability within a small charitable organization. Using primary-source data from face-to-face fieldwork, supported by additional responses and data from donors and regulators, we consider the tensions that can arise in seeking to meet the needs of many stakeholders. We see upwards accountability as arising from a need to report to donors, regulators, and financial authorities; and downwards accountability coming from a need to provide a service to the end-users of the service provided. It is not impossible for both upwards and downwards accountability to co-exist, but this complication means that the charity can be torn between stakeholders in discharging its responsibilities. To simplify procedures and clarify objectives, and thereby ease the process of accountability to multiple stakeholders, we propose a new Charitable Balanced Scorecard (CBSC) and show how this might be applied to our own particular case. We argue that its application to other charities can provide a focus and clarity that will enable them to more effectively meet the needs of their stakeholders, whomsoever they may be.
How urban fabric fosters knowledge transfer and innovation: the example of Barcelona

Barcelona has a long and well-established history of embracing new ideas and encouraging innovation. The symbiosis between research capacity and urban development is an important dynamic in the city. Whether it is new technologies, health or digital fabrication, its connections with major global companies, or its position as a leading city in the quality of life of workers, Barcelona is a vibrant place of innovation – and that stimulates job growth and opportunities for businesses and stakeholders alike.
Eugenic Therapy and the Metabolic Syndrome

Independent of the clinical syndrome that results in chronic inflammation, there is an overlap of the different etiopathogenic factors in the most common diseases of the modern era. Its pathogenesis also has similar pathophysiological mechanisms. Independent of the clinical syndrome that results in chronic inflammation, there is an overlap of the different etiopathogenic factors in the most common diseases of the modern era. Its pathogenesis also has similar pathophysiological mechanisms. These two facts prompt us, independent of the particular therapeutic connotations for each disease, to establish certain measures of prevention and treatment, also common, where precisely the holistic treatments that seek to Systemic homeostasis, are appropriate. These are the biological treatments, where the homo-toxicology, without a doubt, stands out as one of the best therapeutic alternatives.
Partial interdigitation of lipid bilayers

A methodology has been developed to detect partial interdigitation of lipid bilayers when a bioactive molecule is intercalated between the polar, interface, or hydrophobic segments. This methodology uses the easily accessible differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique as a screening one and the increase of DH due to the incorporated drug in lipid bilayers as a diagnostic thermodynamic parameter. The combined use of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy complement and confirm the provided by DSC information as it is shown in three classes of molecules, namely AT1 antagonists, vinca alkaloids, and anesthetic steroids. For the two classes of molecules, AT1 antagonists and vinca alkaloids, their presence in lipid bilayers results in the increase of DH and it is accompanied by the increase of trans:gauche ratio and the decrease of d-spacing as depicted by Raman spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray diffraction correspondingly, confirming the predictive ability of DSC experiments. When an anesthetic steroid is incorporated in lipid bilayers, neither increase of DH nor decrease of d-spacing was observed, confirming again the DSC results that show the absence of partial interdigitation of this class of molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for a representative system ((5S)-1- benzylo-5-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylo-methylo)-2-pyrrolidinone (MMK3) ligands at 1,2- dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) lipid bilayer), and the results confirmed the experimental findings. The change of distance at z-axis of oxygen atoms at head group of lipid molecule has been measured throughout the simulations. Statistical analysis has shown � 8.8 Ainterdigitation. Derived computational results are encouraging and can be performed
IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OFSCROPHULARIA KHORASSANICA ON SALMONELLA TYPHI

Scrophulariakhorassanica (S. khorassanica), is a plant belonging to the Sccrophulariacea family that geographically grows wild only in Iran, Khorasan. Resources survey showed that there is no report of antibacterial activity of Scrophulariakhorassanica; therefore, this report can be considered as the first report on this subject. The aim of this study was to antimicrobial effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Scrophulariakhorassanicain "in-vitro" condition. The antimicrobial effect was studied on the growth of Salmonella typhi using micro-dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Results of antibacterial analysis showed the aqueous extract (MIC=12.5 and MBC=12.5 mg/ml) was more effective than the methanol extract (MIC=25, MBC>50 mg/ml) on Salmonella typhi so forasmuch as aqueous extracts Scrophulariakhorassanica is a medicinal plant native in Iran (Sarakhs) may be used as an anti typhoid agent and natural antibacterial preservatives in food industry.
Application of PLS and PARAFAC in simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and doxycycline in honey samples

A simple, sensitive, rapid and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline (DXC) in honey samples. Chemometrics methods suitable for overlapping spectra and have resolved successfully the overlapping bands. Two chemometrics techniques parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and partial least square (PLS) were applied to the determination of TCs in their ternary mixture and the proposed calibration techniques were validated by analyzing synthetic mixtures consisting of these drugs. The calibration and validation sets were constructed with solutions in the concentration ranges from (0.1-16) μgmL -1 for TC, (0.1-30) μgmL -1 and (0.1-20) μgmL -1 for DXC and OTC. The procedure was repeated at different pH values. Partial least squares (PLS) models were built at each pH and used to determinate a set of synthetic mixtures. The best model was obtained at pH =8.0. The PARAFAC model was applied to a three-way array constructed using all the pH data sets and enable better results. The RMSEP for DXC, OTC and TC with PLS and PARAFAC were 0.123, 0.236, 0.167 and 0.0196, 0.0480, 0.0316 respectively.