Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TIA-1 and TIAR Activate Splicing of Alternative Exons with Weak 5′ Splice Sites followed by a U-rich Stretch on Their Own Pre-mRNAs*

TIA-1 has recently been shown to activate splicing of specific pre-mRNAs transcribed from transiently transfected minigenes, and of some 5′ splice sites in vitro, but has not been shown to activate splicing of any endogenous pre-mRNA. We show here that overexpression of TIA-1 or the related protein TIAR has little effect on splicing of several endogenous pre-mRNAs containing alternative exons, but markedly activates splicing of some normally rarely used alternative exons on the TIA-1 and TIAR pre-mRNAs. These exons have weak 5′ splice sites followed by U-rich stretches. When the U-rich stretch following the 5′ splice site of a TIA-1 alternative exon was deleted, TIAR overexpression induced use of a cryptic 5′ splice site also followed by a U-rich stretch in place of the original splice site. Using in vitro splicing assays, we have shown that TIA-1 is directly involved in activating the 5′ splice sites of the TIAR alternative exons. Activation requires a downstream U-rich stretch of at least 10 residues. Our results confirm that TIA-1 activates 5′ splice sites followed by U-rich sequences and show that TIAR exerts a similar activity. They suggest that both proteins may autoregulate their expression at the level of splicing.
Metabolic, Osmoregulatory and Nutritional Functions of Betaine in Monogastric Animals

This review focuses on the metabolic and osmoregulatory functions of betaine and its impact on nutrient digestibility and performance in pigs and poultry. Betaine is the trimethyl derivative of the amino acid glycine, and is present in plant and animal tissue. It has been shown to play an important role in osmoregulation of plants, bacteria and marine organisms. Due to its chemical structure, betaine exerts a number of functions both at the gastrointestinal and metabolic level. As a methyl group donor, betaine is involved in transmethylation reactions and donates its labile methyl group for the synthesis of several metabolically active substances such as creatine and carnitine. Therefore, supplementation of betaine may reduce the requirement for other methyl group donors such as methionine and choline. Beneficial effects on intestinal cells and intestinal microbes have been reported following betaine supplementation to diets for pigs and poultry, which have been attributed to the osmotic properties of betaine. Furthermore, betaine potentially enhances the digestibility of specific nutrients, in particular fiber and minerals. Moreover, at the metabolic level, betaine is involved in protein and energy metabolism. Growth trials revealed positive effects of supplemental betaine on growth performance in pigs and poultry, and there is evidence that betaine acts as a carcass modifier by reducing the carcass fat content. In conclusion, due to its various metabolic and osmoregulatory functions, betaine plays an important role in the nutrition of monogastric animals.
Use of a peripherally implanted subcutaneous permanent central venous access device for chemotherapy--the Singapore General Hospital experience.

BACKGROUND Venous access for chemotherapy patients at the Singapore General Hospital has conventionally been via an externalised (Hickman) catheter. A peripherally implanted permanent subcutaneous central venous access device (P.A.S.Port) was introduced in 1996. AIMS We review its use, complications and cost competitiveness with other chemotherapy delivery systems. METHODS A retrospective study of clinical records was conducted with follow up interviews of patients and nursing staff. RESULTS Twelve patients had the P.A. S.Port inserted for administration of chemotherapy as an outpatient procedure. Immediate complications were pain (8%) and bruising (8%). One port-related infection (8%) one week following insertion was reported and one patient complained of interference with elbow movement as a late complication. Cost analysis was favourable for P.A. S.Port over an externalised Hickman catheter or chest-placed port at one year. Patient and nursing staff acceptance was high. CONCLUSION P.A. S.Port insertion is a safe outpatient procedure and is an alternative for permanent venous access.
Commande coopérative des sytèmes multi-agents avec contraintes de communication

Cette these concerne le controle cooperatif de systemes multi-agents. Ce sujet a ete largement etudie dans la litterature recente en raison de son grand nombre d'applications. Cette these propose de nouvelles conceptions de strategies de controle collaboratif afin de realiser une mission d'exploration sous-marine. En particulier, l'objectif final est de diriger une flotte de vehicules autonomes sous-marins, equipes de capteurs appropries, jusqu'a l'emplacement d'une source de temperature, de polluants ou d'eau douce. Dans cette situation, il est pertinent de considerer les contraintes de communication entre vehicules qui sont decrites au moyen de graphe de communication. Les premieres contributions traitent du developpement de commandes de formation qui stabilisent la flotte vers des formations variant dans le temps, et qui, de plus, distribuent uniformement les vehicules le long de la formation. Enfin, le probleme de recherche est abordee par l'interpretation de la flotte de vehicules comme un reseau mobile de capteurs. En particulier, il est demontre que les mesures recueillies par la flotte de vehicules permet d'estimer le gradient de concentration de la quantite d'interet. Suivant cette idee, un algorithme distribue base sur des algorithmes de consensus est propose d'estimer la direction du gradient d'une distribution du signal.
Implementation of a 3G W-CDMA software radio

The use of a software system to perform wireless radio functions is the subject of much interest and research in industry and academia. In particular, this is timely for new third generation systems that both have a current extensive array of options and rely on continuously evolving standards. In order to address the problem, this paper presents the development and implementation of a software radio designed for a 3G system. It expands upon the notion of the physical layer software radio to encompass upper layer processing capabilities. The system definition and architecture are described along with the operational scenario. In addition, results are presented from initial field tests, including functional issues and preliminary performance measurements.
Cytomegalovirus gastritis with perforation and gastrocolic fistula formation

A 76‐year‐old man with lymphoma involving cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes and abdomen was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. He subsequently developed cytomegalovirus gastritis and gastric ulcers with a gastrocolic fistula and a jejuno‐jejunal fistula, necessitating a partial gastrectomy. The pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus gastritis and its complications are discussed.
Evaluating Multi-Model (Metadata-Semantic) Information Retrieval System

Abstract—In this paper, we present a variety of methodsto evaluate a multi-model information retrieval system. Theevaluation methods are divided into three steps: (1) evaluatinga metadata driven search engine, (2) evaluating a personalizedcluster-based semantic search engine, and (3) evaluating a dualrepresentation of the semantic user proﬁle for personalized Websearch in an evolving domain. The ﬁrst part of this paper presentsan overview of the most popular information retrieval models andtheir evaluation methods. The second part is dedicated to thespeciﬁc evaluation methods that we used to evaluate each modelof our platform. This platform is already being used by onlinestudents at WKU. As of 2006 the “HyperManyMedia” searchengine has been ranked number 24 on “The Ultimate Guide toUsing Open Courseware 1 ” (between Cambridge University andHarvard Business). Index Terms—Evaluation Methods, Precision, Recall, Informa-tion Retrieval I. I NTRODUCTION What is information? [7] divided information into three cate-gories: information-as-process, information-as-knowledge, andinformation-as-thing. It stated that “information is anythingthat can change person’s knowledge [7]. ”[16] looked at an information system from the user’sprospective. His framework is human centered, where “theinformation seeker deﬁnes the task, controls the interactionwith the search system, examines and extracts relevant in-formation, assesses the progress, and determines when theinformation-seeking is complete [16]”. The framework for thispaper is based on a student-centered approach, where a studentsearches for information, the system retrieves relevant infor-mation to the student’s query, the student uses the informationand, at the end, evaluates its relevance. [14] distinguished between Data and Wisdom. Data isequally available to any user, it is received, stored and retrieved
Neural responses related to smooth-pursuit eye movements and their correspondence with electrically elicited smooth eye movements in the primate frontal eye field.

1. Intracortical microstimulation of a portion of the monkey frontal eye field (FEF) lying in the floor and posterior bank of the arcuate sulcus evokes smooth, rather than saccadic eye movements. To further explore this region's involvement in pursuit, we recorded from FEF neurons in the vicinity of sites from which smooth eye movements (SEMs) were elicited electrically and studied their responses during smooth-pursuit and saccadic tasks. In this report, we describe the neurons' responses during visually guided smooth pursuit and compare their locations and response properties with those of elicited SEMs. 2. One hundred and ninety-three neurons, recorded from the FEF region in six hemispheres of three rhesus monkeys, were classified as "pursuit neurons". These neurons responded during smooth-pursuit tracking of moving visual stimuli but had no, or only minimal, responses in conjunction with visually guided saccades. Pursuit neurons were located in a small region of the arcuate fundus and posterior bank that overlapped, and extended slightly beyond, the region from which SEMs were elicited with microstimulation. 3. All pursuit neurons had a preferred pursuit direction, and all directions were represented with no strong bias toward ipsilateral, contralateral, up, or down. The directional tuning of 80 pursuit cells was measured quantitatively by testing pursuit in several directions and fitting the responses to a Gaussian function. Tuning indices (the sigma parameter of the Gaussian fit) varied between 13 degrees and 136 degrees. The median tuning index, 44.5 degrees, corresponds to a full width at half maximum of 105 degrees. The ubiquity of selectivity for pursuit direction and the wide distribution of preferred directions indicates that pursuit direction uses a place-code type of representation in FEF; however, the broad directional tuning of most neurons suggests that pursuit direction is given by a weighted average of optimal directions across the population of pursuit neurons active at any given time. 4. In general, the responses of pursuit neurons increased with pursuit velocity. Of 13 neurons formally tested with 2 s of constant-velocity tracking in their preferred direction across a range of target speeds, pursuit velocity sensitivity ranged from 0.24 to 1.42 spikes.s-1.deg-1.s-1, with an average sensitivity of 0.70. This relationship suggests that pursuit neurons represent pursuit magnitude using a rate code; this parallels our previous observation that at most SEM sites, the velocity and acceleration of the electrically elicited eye movements increased as a function of the stimulation current. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A new system for detecting fatigue and sleepiness using brain connectivity: EEG based estimation of fatigue, vigilance and sleepiness for drivers

The main causes of highways mortality are fatigue and sleepiness while driving. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the transition between wakefulness and sleepiness states based on driver's brain activity recorded through Electroencephalography (EEG). Our new method uses the Phase Locking Value (PLV)to extract data that are directly related and correlated to the sleepiness. PLV measures changes in the neuronal function. Results show the performance of PLV and its ability to improve the performance of already existing systems.
Functional and Biochemical Properties of Rat Kupffer Cells and Peritoneal Macrophages

Functional and biochemical techniques were used to further characterize heterogeneity between rat Kupffer cells and peritoneal macrophages. Both macrophage cell types were found to phagocytize antibody coated sheep red blood cells in a time‐dependent manner. However, Kupffer cells were two to three times more phagocytic than were peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, the peritoneal cells released significantly more superoxide anion in response to the complement cleavage product, C5a and the phorbol ester tumor promoter, 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate, and produced more hydrogen peroxide than did the liver macrophages. Both cell types responded chemotactically to C5a. These results suggest that macrophages may develop specialized functions depending on the needs of their local environment. Using one and two dimensional SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we also compared the production of newly synthesized proteins by Kupffer cells and peritoneal macrophages. In general, the macrophages were found to produce similar types and numbers of proteins with some exceptions. These included proteins that were unique to peritoneal macrophages and other proteins observed only in Kupffer cells. The production of these proteins in liver macrophages did not appear to correlate with levels of functional activation, but may be more related to the tissue origin of the cells.
Correction: Fruit and Soil Quality of Organic and Conventional Strawberry Agroecosystems

The leaf and fruit data in Table 1 were reported on a fresh-weight basis when they were actually on a dry-weight basis, due to a miscommunication with the lab that ran the analyses. These data are now correctly shown on a dry-weight basis. In addition, the dry-weight mineral data for strawberry fruit have been converted to fresh-weight data, statistically analyzed, and added to Table 1; please view the corrected Table 1 here: [^] Table S4 has also been revised to show the new fresh-weight fruit data for minerals; please view the corrected Table S4 here: Click here for additional data file. (417K, doc) [^] The new fresh-weight strawberry fruit data in Table 1 show no differences in phosphorus and potassium (or any other minerals) between organic and conventional systems, and therefore the statements about phosphorus and potassium in the Abstract and Results and Discussion sections have changed.
Primary care research after the Act: why commissioners and academia need to work together.

The Health and Social Care Act 2012 is driving the biggest shake-up in the NHS for a generation. The Act proposes a complete change in the NHS commissioning architecture, an increased emphasis on competition and choice, and a move of public health services to local authorities. From April 2013, primary care trusts (PCTs) and strategic health authorities will be abolished with their commissioning functions taken over by clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) and the NHS Commissioning Board (NHS CB). These changes represent very significant challenges for those within the NHS, particularly as they are coupled with the NHS' number-one priority of making £20 billion in productivity improvements to avoid a reduction in service quality. So how might these changes impact on research in primary care? And what opportunities could emerge from such a shake-up? First, we need to identify, describe, and evaluate important existing roles of PCTs so they are not overlooked during the transition. Secondly, we need to think about how these changes could be made to work from a research and evidence perspective for the benefit of the academic community, the new commissioners, and most of all their patients. PCTs have a number of research-related roles which successor bodies need to take on. The list of potential roles is long and includes:
In Search of a Common Core: A Content Analysis of Interventions to Promote Forgiveness.

This article reviews published methods for promoting forgiveness for a broad range of clinical issues. The review revealed a consensus among applied researchers regarding several broad types of interventions to promote forgiveness, namely, (a) defining forgiveness, (b) helping clients remember the hurt, (c) building empathy in clients for the perpetrator, (d) helping clients acknowledge their own past offenses, and (e) encouraging commitment to forgive the offender. Roughly half of the studies also prescribed interventions to help clients overcome unforgiveness (e.g., bitterness, vengefulness) without explicitly promoting forgiveness. Speculations about how to use forgiveness interventions in sensitive and client-supportive ways are advanced on the basis of the findings.
Adaptogenic activity of methanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan leaves an experimental study in rat model

Buchanania lanzan is a widely used plant with a long history of traditional medicinal use for the treatment of various diseases. The present study is aimed at evaluating the adaptogenic activity of the methanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan leaves using the swim endurance model in all groups under normal and stressed conditions. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and ascorbic acid were selected as non-invasive biomarkers to evaluate the antistress activity. The 24 h urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and ascorbic acid were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Daily administration of the extract at doses of 10,20,30,40 and 50 mg/kg body weight prior to induction of stress inhibited stress-induced urinary biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner without altering the levels in normal control groups. The methanolic extract exhibited significant anti-stress activity.
Design and analysis of dynamic mobility tracking in wireless personal communication networks

In personal communication networks (PCN), mobility tracking provides the function of locating a mobile user within the service area. We propose an intersection-oriented dynamic location update (LU) strategy, which is designed to minimize the cost of mobility tracking by optimally partitioning the service area into location registration (LR) areas on a per-user basis. A realistic mobility model is proposed in which we consider not only the mobility behavior of the individual subscriber, but also the street layout. Based on this model, a transient Markov process is developed to analyze the tracking cost. To reduce the implementation cost and to make the proposed strategy feasible, the concept of mobile subscriber (MS) grouping, and equivalent quadrangular LR area are also adopted.
The double-side electroplating and slender ferromagnetic patterns torque-enhancement design for magnetostatic actuator

This study demonstrates the torque-enhancement design for magnetostaic actuators driven by double-side electroplating ferromagnetic film. The present design has two merits: (1) the backside electroplating of the ferromagnetic film increases the magnetostatic torque, (2) the slender ferromagnetic material patterns with higher length-to-width ratio enhance the magnetostatic torque. The actuator is implemented on SOI wafer, and the process also has two merits, (1) the device-layer act as the cathode to enable simultaneous double-side electroplating, (2) the handle-layer is exploited as the shadow mask to pattern the seedlayer at backside wafer. In applications, a scanner were implemented and characterized. Measurements show a 149% torque enhancement from double-side electroplating design. The vertical slender ferromagnetic material patterns further increase the magnetostatic torque to 211%.
Examining the benefit of vaccinating adults against pertussis

Purpose: To examine recent evidence concerning the health benefits and cost effectiveness of replacing a single dose of adult tetanus/diphtheria vaccine with a single dose of tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (TDaP). Methods: A review of the literature was conducted utilizing the databases CINAHL and Medline with the keywords pertussis, adult immunization, vaccination, TDaP, DTaP, and healthcare workers. Conclusions: Recent outbreaks of pertussis have shown that preventing such outbreaks through immunization of adults with a single TDaP vaccine is a cost‐effective measure. These studies focused on hospitals and universities where air‐borne diseases are easily spread. Four hospital studies that examined the financial cost of investigating and treating a pertussis outbreak were reviewed. Results presented offer strong evidence to support vaccinating adults with TDaP at their next scheduled immunization or sooner if they are frequently exposed to populations vulnerable to pertussis. Implications for practice: Financially, investigating a single case of pertussis can cost hospitals hundreds of thousands of dollars. This is related to the time and expense of determining who was exposed and the provision of preventive treatment for those exposed. Preventing unnecessary illness and potential mortality, especially among not yet immunized infants, provides a strong argument for administration of the TDaP vaccine. Healthcare providers should educate adults about the availability and advantages of TDaP immunization and encourage them to be immunized with TDaP.
The reverse glucosamine sulfate pathway: application in knee osteoarthritis

Glucosamine is a natural amino sugar and a normal constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid of joints. Crystalline glucosamine sulfate salt has been approved as a medicinal product for the treatment of osteoarthritis in several European countries. Nevertheless, although it has been prescribed for more than 10 years, it is only due to the research in the last 5 years that the scientific basis underlying its beneficial effects are starting to be clarified. In randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, this compound clinically controls pain and produces beneficial effects in patients with knee osteoarthritis, possibly delaying the appearance of long-term structural changes in the joint (i.e., it has a structure-modifying effect). Furthermore, it has an excellent toxicity profile. Despite the different lines of investigation that have been followed, the mechanism of action of glucosamine sulfate still remains to be clearly defined. However, the activity of glucosamine sulfate has recently been related to its capacity to downregulate the catabolic effects of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-1, which are present in osteoarthritic cartilage.