Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of trazodone versus cognitive‐behavioural treatment on high‐ and slow‐frequency activity during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in chronic insomnia: A pilot, randomized clinical trial

Trazodone and cognitive‐behavioural treatment for insomnia (CBT‐I) are widely used to treat patients with chronic insomnia. Although both treatments improve sleep continuity, no study has compared their comparative effectiveness in modifying spectral electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep in humans. In this study, participants included 19 men and women with chronic insomnia who were randomized to either trazodone (n = 8) or CBT‐I (n = 11) treatment for 3 months. We examined delta (0.39–3.91 Hz), theta (4.30–7.81 Hz), alpha (8.20–11.72 Hz), sigma (12.11–14.84 Hz), beta (15.23–35.16 Hz) and gamma (35.55–49.61 Hz) relative power during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep at pre‐treatment, 3‐ month post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up. This study was registered in Clinical Trials (NCT01348542). We found trazodone but not CBT‐I significantly decreased sigma (p = .041, d = 0.88; time × group p = .009) and beta (p = .005, d = 1.41; time × group p = .016) power during NREM sleep at post‐treatment. Compared to CBT‐I, trazodone increased delta (p = .018) and decreased sigma (p = .013) and beta (p = .023) power during NREM sleep at post‐treatment. At follow‐up, we did not observe significant changes in relative EEG power during NREM sleep in either the CBT‐I or trazodone group compared to pre‐treatment. Compared to CBT‐I, trazodone decreased alpha (p = .039) and sigma (p = .009) power during NREM sleep at follow‐up. In conclusion, trazodone, but not CBT‐I, decreased fast‐frequency EEG activity during NREM sleep. Compared to CBT‐I, trazodone appears to have a stronger impact on cortical and physiological hyperarousal in patients with chronic insomnia.
Under-Treatment of Older Patients with Newly Diagnosed Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Remains an Issue

Simple Summary Cancer treatment and survival in older women is topical and important in an era where the proportion of older adults being treated for cancer in the clinic is rising. As survival outcomes in older women continue to lag behind those of younger and middle-aged women, further investigation is required into current treatment practices to identify target areas to address this deficit. We present treatment patterns, tolerance and outcomes of 280 women aged 65 and above treated for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer at two UK cancer centres between 2009 and 2015. We demonstrate that older women continue to receive lower rates of standard care first line therapy. When adjusted for stage at diagnosis, surgical outcome and chemotherapy given, age was not an independent risk factor for poorer overall survival. Abstract Older women with ovarian cancer have disproportionately poorer survival outcomes than their younger counterparts and receive less treatment. In order to understand where the gaps lie in the treatment of older patients, studies incorporating more detailed assessment of baseline characteristics and treatment delivery beyond the scope of most cancer registries are required. We aimed to assess the proportion of women over the age of 65 who are offered and receive standard of care for first-line ovarian cancer at two UK NHS Cancer Centres over a 5-year period (December 2009 to August 2015). Standard of care treatment was defined as a combination of cytoreductive surgery and if indicated platinum-based chemotherapy (combination or single-agent). Sixty-five percent of patients aged 65 and above received standard of care treatment. Increasing age was associated with lower rates of receiving standard of care (35% > 80 years old versus 78% of 65–69-year-olds, p = 0.000). Older women were less likely to complete the planned chemotherapy course (p = 0.034). The oldest women continue to receive lower rates of standard care compared to younger women. Once adjusted for Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and first-line treatment received, age was no longer an independent risk factor for poorer overall survival. Optimisation of vulnerable patients utilising a comprehensive geriatric assessment and directed interventions to facilitate the delivery of standard of care treatment could help narrow the survival discrepancy between the oldest patients and their younger counterparts.
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Slow HPV16-Driven Cell Proliferation through Targeted Depletion of Viral E6 and E7 Oncoproteins

Simple Summary High-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) such as HPV16 cause anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, with HPV-associated cervical cancer being the fourth most common cancer worldwide and a major cause of death for women. Anti-HPV vaccines are available but coverage is low, and while the vaccines prevent infection they are not therapeutic for treating cancers in individuals already infected with high-risk HPV. Instead, current treatments for HPV-associated cancers include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, and affect diseased and healthy tissues alike. Accordingly, there is a dire need for better, molecularly targeted strategies. Herein, we report the novel finding that at least four protease inhibitor drugs currently used to treat HIV/AIDS—lopinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir—cause marked and selective depletion of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in HPV-positive cancer cells and a 3-D cell culture model for HPV16-positive epithelial pre-cancer (NIKS16 cells). E6 and E7 depletion correlated with anticancer phenotypes including increased p53 protein levels and induction of cell growth arrest in CaSki cells as well as slowed epithelium growth and reversal of HPV16-driven phenotypes consistent with inhibition of the cellular autophagy pathway in the NIKS16 model. Based on this progress in vitro, we propose that HIV protease inhibitors, already known to have anticancer properties, be studied further in the context of developing a targeted therapy for HPV16-driven cancers and pre-cancers. Abstract High-risk human papillomavirus strain 16 (HPV16) causes oral and anogenital cancers through the activities of two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, that dysregulate the host p53 and pRb tumor suppressor pathways, respectively. The maintenance of HPV16-positive cancers requires constitutive expression of E6 and E7. Therefore, inactivating these proteins could provide the basis for an anticancer therapy. Herein we demonstrate that a subset of aspartyl protease inhibitor drugs currently used to treat HIV/AIDS cause marked reductions in HPV16 E6 and E7 protein levels using two independent cell culture models: HPV16-transformed CaSki cervical cancer cells and NIKS16 organotypic raft cultures (a 3-D HPV16-positive model of epithelial pre-cancer). Treatment of CaSki cells with some (lopinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir) but not other (indinavir and atazanavir) protease inhibitors reduced E6 and E7 protein levels, correlating with increased p53 protein levels and decreased cell viability. Long-term (>7 day) treatment of HPV16-positive NIKS16 raft cultures with saquinavir caused epithelial atrophy with no discernible effects on HPV-negative rafts, demonstrating selectivity. Saquinavir also reduced HPV16′s effects on markers of the cellular autophagy pathway in NIKS16 rafts, a hallmark of HPV-driven pre-cancers. Taken together, these data suggest HIV-1 protease inhibitors be studied further in the context of treating or preventing HPV16-positive cancers.
Bioactive Polymeric Materials for the Advancement of Regenerative Medicine

Biopolymers are widely accepted natural materials in regenerative medicine, and further development of their bioactivities and discoveries on their composition/function relationships could greatly advance the field. However, a concise insight on commonly investigated biopolymers, their current applications and outlook of their modifications for multibioactivity are scarce. This review bridges this gap for professionals and especially freshmen in the field who are also interested in modification methods not yet in commercial use. A series of polymeric materials in research and development uses are presented as well as challenges that limit their efficacy in tissue regeneration are discussed. Finally, their roles in the regeneration of select tissues including the skin, bone, cartilage, and tendon are highlighted along with modifiable biopolymer moieties for different bioactivities.
Realization of Circular Economy of 3D Printed Plastics: A Review

3D printing technology is a versatile technology. The waste of 3D printed plastic products is a matter of concern because of its impact on the circular economy. In this paper, we discuss the current status and problems of 3D printing, different methods of 3D printing, and applications of 3D printing. This paper focuses on the recycling and degradation of different 3D printing materials. The degradation, although it can be done without pollution, has restrictions on the type of material and time. Degradation using ionic liquids can yield pure monomers but is only applicable to esters. The reprocessing recycling methods can re-utilize the excellent properties of 3D printed materials many times but are limited by the number of repetitions of 3D printed materials. Although each has its drawbacks, the great potential of the recycling of 3D printed waste plastics is successfully demonstrated with examples. Various recycling approaches provide the additional possibility of utilizing 3D printing waste to achieve more efficient circular application.
How varying parameters impact insecticide resistance bioassay: An example on the worldwide invasive pest Drosophila suzukii

Monitoring pesticide resistance is essential for effective and sustainable agricultural practices. Bioassays are the basis for pesticide-resistance testing, but devising a reliable and reproducible method can be challenging because these tests are carried out on living organisms. Here, we investigated five critical parameters and how they affected the evaluation of resistance to the organophosphate phosmet or the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin using a tarsal-contact protocol on Drosophila suzukii, a worldwide invasive pest. Three of the parameters were related to insect biology: (i) sex, (ii) age of the imago (adult stage) and (iii) genetic diversity of the tested population. The two remaining parameters were linked to the experimental setup: (iv) the number of individuals tested per dose and (v) the duration of exposure to the active ingredient. Results showed that response to insecticide differed depending on sex, males being twice as susceptible to phosmet as females. Age principally affected young females’ susceptibility to phosmet, because 0–24 hour-old flies were twice as susceptible as 24–48 hour-old and 72–96 hour-old females. Genetic diversity had no observable effect on resistance levels. The precision and accuracy of the median lethal dose (LD50) were greatly affected by the number of individuals tested per dose with a threshold effect. Finally, optimal duration of exposure to the active ingredient was 24 h, as we found an underestimation of mortality when assessed between 1 and 5 h after exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. None of the main known point mutations on the para sodium channel gene associated with a knockdown effect were observed. Our study demonstrates the importance of calibrating the various parameters of a bioassay to develop a reliable method. It also provides a valuable and transferable protocol for monitoring D. suzukii resistance worldwide.
NeuroDante: Poetry Mentally Engages More Experts but Moves More Non-Experts, and for Both the Cerebral Approach Tendency Goes Hand in Hand with the Cerebral Effort

Neuroaesthetics, the science studying the biological underpinnings of aesthetic experience, recently extended its area of investigation to literary art; this was the humus where neurocognitive poetics blossomed. Divina Commedia represents one of the most important, famous and studied poems worldwide. Poetry stimuli are characterized by elements (meter and rhyme) promoting the processing fluency, a core aspect of neuroaesthetics theories. In addition, given the evidence of different neurophysiological reactions between experts and non-experts in response to artistic stimuli, the aim of the present study was to investigate, in poetry, a different neurophysiological cognitive and emotional reaction between Literature (L) and Non-Literature (NL) students. A further aim was to investigate whether neurophysiological underpinnings would support explanation of behavioral data. Investigation methods employed: self-report assessments (recognition, appreciation, content recall) and neurophysiological indexes (approach/withdrawal (AW), cerebral effort (CE) and galvanic skin response (GSR)). The main behavioral results, according to fluency theories in aesthetics, suggested in the NL but not in the L group that the appreciation/liking went hand by hand with the self-declared recognition and with the content recall. The main neurophysiological results were: (i) higher galvanic skin response in NL, whilst higher CE values in L; (ii) a positive correlation between AW and CE indexes in both groups. The present results extended previous evidence relative to figurative art also to auditory poetry stimuli, suggesting an emotional attenuation “expertise-specific” showed by experts, but increased cognitive processing in response to the stimuli.
The road to a World Health Organization global action plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized epilepsy as a public health imperative due to its occurrence at all ages in all regions of the world, its high impact on disability‐adjusted life years and psychosocial aspects, and the accompanying stigma. The International League Against Epilepsy and the International Bureau for Epilepsy have established crucial collaborations with regional and global organizations to promote epilepsy as a treatable disease, close the treatment gap in care, education, and research, and eradicate stigma. In November 2020, the efforts of these three organizations—with support from WHO member states, the World Federation of Neurology, and the European Federation of Neurological Associations—culminated in the unanimous approval of a WHO resolution to create and implement an Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders. This unique achievement is built on more than 2 decades of collaboration and effort, and heralds extraordinary opportunities to work toward a world where no person's life is limited by epilepsy.
Aseptic Revision and Reoperation Risks After Meniscectomy at the Time of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: An intact meniscus is considered a secondary stabilizer of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). While loss of the meniscus can increase forces on the anterior cruciate ligament graft after reconstruction, it is unclear whether this increased loading affects the success of the graft after ACLR. Purpose: To identify the risk of subsequent knee surgery when meniscectomy, either partial or total, is performed at the time of index ACLR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study using data from the Kaiser Permanente Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Registry. Patients were identified who had a primary ACLR performed between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2016, with up to 12 years of follow-up. The study sample comprised patients with ACLR who had a lateral meniscectomy (n = 2581), medial meniscectomy (n = 1802), or lateral and medial meniscectomies (n = 666). For each meniscectomy subgroup, patients with ACLR alone were matched to patients with a meniscectomy on a number of patient and procedure characteristics. After the application of matching, Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the risk of aseptic revision, while competing risks regression was used to evaluate the risk of cause-specific ipsilateral reoperation between meniscectomy and ACLR alone. Analysis was performed for each meniscectomy subgroup. Results: After the application of matching, we failed to observe a difference in aseptic revision risk for patients with ACLR and a meniscectomy—lateral (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.02), medial (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.70-1.29), or both (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.77-2.04)—as compared with ACLR alone. When compared with patients who had ACLR alone, patients with a lateral meniscectomy had a higher risk for subsequent lateral meniscectomy (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.18-3.02; P = .008), and those with a medial meniscectomy had a lower risk for manipulation under anesthesia (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92; P = .041). Conclusion: No difference in aseptic revision risk was observed for patients undergoing primary ACLR between groups with and without meniscectomy at the time of index surgery. Partial lateral meniscectomy at the time of index ACLR did associate with a higher risk of subsequent lateral meniscectomy.
Recognizing spoken words in semantically-anomalous sentences: Effects of executive control in early-implanted deaf children with cochlear implants

Objectives To investigate differences in speech, language, and neurocognitive functioning in normal hearing (NH) children and deaf children with cochlear implants (CIs) using anomalous sentences. Anomalous sentences block the use of downstream predictive coding during speech recognition, allowing for investigation of rapid phonological coding and executive functioning. Methods: Extreme groups were extracted from samples of children with CIs and NH peers (ages 9 to 17) based on the 7 highest and 7 lowest scores on the Harvard-Anomalous sentence test (Harvard-A). The four groups were compared on measures of speech, language, and neurocognitive functioning. Results: The 7 highest-scoring CI users and the 7 lowest-scoring NH peers did not differ in Harvard-A scores but did differ significantly on measures of neurocognitive functioning. Compared to low-performing NH peers, highperforming children with CIs had significantly lower nonword repetition scores but higher nonverbal IQ scores, greater verbal WM capacity, and excellent EF skills related to inhibition, shifting attention/mental flexibility and working memory updating. Discussion: High performing deaf children with CIs are able to compensate for their sensory deficits and weaknesses in automatic phonological coding of speech by engaging in a slow effortful mode of information processing involving inhibition, working memory and executive functioning.
Selective and facile oxidative desulfurization of thioureas and thiobarbituric acids with singlet molecular oxygen generated from trans-3,5-dihydroperoxy-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane

ABSTRACT An efficient and facile procedure using trans-3,5-dihydroperoxy-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane has been developed for oxidative desulfurization of thioureas and thiobarbituric acids. The reactions proceeded smoothly very fast under mild conditions in basic media at room temperature to afford the respective ureas in excellent yields. Simple procedure and work up, mild conditions, high yields, short reaction times, use of highly potent and non-toxic oxidant are the main merits of the present method. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The MindGomoku: An Online P300 BCI Game Based on Bayesian Deep Learning

In addition to helping develop products that aid the disabled, brain–computer interface (BCI) technology can also become a modality of entertainment for all people. However, most BCI games cannot be widely promoted due to the poor control performance or because they easily cause fatigue. In this paper, we propose a P300 brain–computer-interface game (MindGomoku) to explore a feasible and natural way to play games by using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in a practical environment. The novelty of this research is reflected in integrating the characteristics of game rules and the BCI system when designing BCI games and paradigms. Moreover, a simplified Bayesian convolutional neural network (SBCNN) algorithm is introduced to achieve high accuracy on limited training samples. To prove the reliability of the proposed algorithm and system control, 10 subjects were selected to participate in two online control experiments. The experimental results showed that all subjects successfully completed the game control with an average accuracy of 90.7% and played the MindGomoku an average of more than 11 min. These findings fully demonstrate the stability and effectiveness of the proposed system. This BCI system not only provides a form of entertainment for users, particularly the disabled, but also provides more possibilities for games.
Textile Electrodes: Influence of Knitting Construction and Pressure on the Contact Impedance

Textile electrodes, also called textrodes, for biosignal monitoring as well as electrostimulation are central for the emerging research field of smart textiles. However, so far, only the general suitability of textrodes for those areas was investigated, while the influencing parameters on the contact impedance related to the electrode construction and external factors remain rather unknown. Therefore, in this work, six different knitted electrodes, applied both wet and dry, were compared regarding the influence of specific knitting construction parameters on the three-electrode contact impedance measured on a human forearm. Additionally, the influence of applying pressure was investigated in a two-electrode setup using a water-based agar dummy. Further, simulation of an equivalent circuit was used for quantitative evaluation. Indications were found that the preferred electrode construction to achieve the lowest contact impedance includes a square shaped electrode, knitted with a high yarn density and, in the case of dry electrodes, an uneven surface topography consisting of loops, while in wet condition a smooth surface is favorable. Wet electrodes are showing a greatly reduced contact impedance and are therefore to be preferred over dry ones; however, opportunities are seen for improving the electrode performance of dry electrodes by applying pressure to the system, thereby avoiding disadvantages of wet electrodes with fluid administration, drying-out of the electrolyte, and discomfort arising from a “wet feeling”.
Novel Two-Dimensional Layered MoSi2Z4 (Z = P, As): New Promising Optoelectronic Materials

Very recently, two new two-dimensional (2D) layered semi-conducting materials MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 were successfully synthesized in experiments, and a large family of these two 2D materials, namely MA2Z4, was also predicted theoretically (Science, 369, 670 (2020)). Motivated by this exciting family, in this work, we systematically investigate the mechanical, electronic and optical properties of monolayer and bilayer MoSi2P4 and MoSi2As4 by using the first-principles calculation method. Numerical results indicate that both monolayer and bilayer MoSi2Z4 (Z = P, As) present good structural stability, isotropic mechanical parameters, moderate bandgap, favorable carrier mobilities, remarkable optical absorption, superior photon responsivity and external quantum efficiency. Especially, due to the wave-functions of band edges dominated by d orbital of the middle-layer Mo atoms are screened effectively, the bandgap and optical absorption hardly depend on the number of layers, providing an added convenience in the experimental fabrication of few-layer MoSi2Z4-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. We also build a monolayer MoSi2Z4-based 2D optoelectronic device, and quantitatively evaluate the photocurrent as a function of energy and polarization angle of the incident light. Our investigation verifies the excellent performance of a few-layer MoSi2Z4 and expands their potential application in nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.