Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fates of visual cortical neurons in the ferret after isochronic and heterochronic transplantation

In the mammalian cerebral cortex, neurons in a given layer are generated at about the same time in development. These cells also tend to share similar sets of morphological and physiological properties and have projection patterns characteristic of that layer. This correspondence between the birthday and eventual fate of a cortical neuron suggests the possibility that the commitment of a cell to a particular laminar position and set of connections may occur very early on in cortical development. The experiments described here constitute an attempt to manipulate the fates of newly generated cortical neurons upon transplantation. The first set of experiments addressed the normal development of neurons in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of the ferret. Injections of 3H-thymidine into newborn ferrets showed that neurons generated after birth are destined to sit in layer 2/3 of the cortex, whereas neurons born on embryonic day (E) 32 populate primarily layers 5 and 6. Many layer 2/3 neurons in adult ferrets could be retrogradely labeled with HRP from visual cortical areas 18 and 19, while about half of the neurons in layer 6 were found to project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). In the second set of experiments, presumptive layer 2/3 cells were labeled in vivo by injecting ferrets with 3H-thymidine on P1 and P2. Before the cells had a chance to migrate, they were removed from the donor brain, incubated in a fluorescent dye (DAPI or fast blue), and dissociated into a single-cell suspension. The labeled cells were then transplanted into the proliferative zone of a littermate host ferret (“isochronic” transplants). Over the next few weeks, many of these dye-labeled cells underwent changes in their position and morphology that were consistent with a radially directed migration and subsequent differentiation into cortical neurons. The final positions of isochronically transplanted neurons in the host brain were mapped out by using the 3H-thymidine marker after long survival periods. About 97% of radioactively labeled cells had migrated out into the visual cortex, where they attained a compact laminar distribution: 99% were found in layer 2/3, their normal destination. The labeled cells had normal, mostly pyramidal neuronal morphologies and appeared to be well integrated with host neurons when viewed in Nissl-stained sections. Ten isochronically transplanted neurons were successfully labeled after HRP injection into 2 normal target regions, areas 18 and 19.
Place du médecin généraliste dans le parcours de soin de patients atteints de troubles de la sphère autistique. Point de vue des familles

Introduction : l'autisme est devenu un enjeu de sante publique. La prevalence est estimee a 1/150 par la HAS. Trois plans ont ete deployes, permettant une evolution des pratiques et des mentalites depuis une dizaine d'annees. Il se definit comme un trouble neuro developpemental touchant trois domaines : communication, interactions sociales, activites restreintes et stereotypees. L'objectif principal est de preciser la place du medecin generaliste dans le parcours de soin d'un enfant autiste en France en 2016. Materiel et methode : il s'agit d'une enquete declarative, sous forme d'un auto questionnaire envoye par Internet. 859 reponses sont recoltees. Une partie des questions est traitee sous forme d'analyse statistique. L'autre partie est plus d'ordre declarative avec un recueil du sentiment des patients. Resultats : l'echantillon recueilli retrouve une proportion de 4 garcons pour 1 fille, un âge de decouverte des premiers signes a 1,8 ans, et un âge de diagnostic a 5,6ans. On constate que 74,5% des enfants sont suivis par un medecin generaliste avant la pose du diagnostic. Le medecin generaliste envoie dans la moitie des cas (48%) vers un specialiste pour poser le diagnostic. Une fois confirme, les difficultes principales sont le suivi de la pathologie (45%). Il convient d'apres les patients d'avoir une ecoute attentive, de coordonner et centraliser les informations des differents intervenants, et surtout de delivrer un soutien psychologique aupres des parents. Conclusion : le medecin generaliste a une place a part entiere dans la pathologie de l'autisme. Il intervient a tous les niveaux, tout particulierement dans le reperage des troubles, permettant un diagnostic plus rapide et la mise en place d'un plan personnalise de soin plus efficace. Il coordonne les nombreuses informations et intervenants, permettant ainsi de delivrer une ecoute attentive et un soutien efficace aupres des familles de patients autistes.
Teaching application of MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox to modeling coplanar waveguides

Adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) have recently gained attention as fast and flexible vehicles to microwave modeling, simulation, and optimization. This article presents an initiative to teach the concept of modeling coplanar waveguides (CPWs) in the fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB to the electrical engineering students. The approach was based on illustrative applications that highlight the performance of ANFIS in the computation of the parameters of the microwave components. Following a brief description of CPWs, applications of the ANFIS modeling to the CPWs were done by means of a series of MATLAB functions. The author suggests that the use of MATLAB exercises will assist the students in gaining a better understanding of modeling CPWs by the use of ANFIS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 16: 223–232, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20166
Pancreatic Stem Cells: Unresolved Business

Diabetes mellitus has recently manifested a global trend in increased prevalence and is now a major public health problem around the world including in developing countries, such as China and India. It currently affects approximately 200 million people, and this number is likely to increase to 400 million by 2030 (Lock and Tzanakakis, 2007). Approximately 10% of these cases will have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), caused by absolute deficiency of insulin-producing β cells. Therefore, a cellular therapy is the best prospect for a cure of T1D, provided autoimmunity to β cells can be controlled and there is a sufficient supply of insulin-secreting β cells for transplantation. However, the poor availability of donor islets has severely restricted the broad clinical use of islet transplantation. The lack of sufficient donor islets is why much attention has recently been paid to stem cells as a renewable source of β cells. The term ‘stem cell’ was initially used in embryology in the late 19th century in the context of the origin of the blood system and gametes (Ramalho-Santos and Willenbring, 2007). Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are capable of both self-renewal and giving rise to specialized functional cells. Depending on the developmental stages of their origin, stem cells can be divided into embryonic stem cells (derived from the inner cell mass of preimplanted embryos) (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981); epiblast stem cells (derived from post-implanted epiblast-stage embryos) (Brons et al, 2007; Tesar et al, 2007); germlinederived stem cells (derived from embryonic gonadial ridges or postnatal testes) (Shamblott et al, 1998; Kanatsu-Shinohara et al, 2004; Guan et al, 2006); induced pluripotent stem cells (from foetal or adult cells) (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Aoi et al, 2008; Hanna et al, 2008; Park et al, 2008) or adult stem cells (derived from postnatal tissues). Adult stem cells are a rare population in specific tissues but show powerful potential for regeneration. They can be further divided based on their tissue origin into a number of categories such as haematopoietic stem cells, neuronal stem cells, skin stem cells as well as mesenchymal stem cells. Unlike other tissue-specific stem cells, pancreatic stem cells (PSC) were proposed only relatively recently (Ramiya et al, 2000). However, despite intense research, the presence and origin of PSC are hotly debated. In order to understand the role and potential of PSC, better knowledge of pancreas development and function is required. In this review, we will particularly discuss several types of β-cell regeneration in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and explore the mechanisms of regeneration of β cells. We hope that this will give readers a taste of this controversial but important area of research.
Cytomegalovirus shedding in the oral cavity of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effect of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding in the saliva by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) and its impact on patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-four HSCT patients and 124 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Oral swabs were taken before, after 100 days and 1 year of HSCT at the buccal mucosa. Nested PCR was used to detect CMV in the saliva. Time of death after HSCT was displayed, by means of the Kaplan-Meier method, for the following parameters: age and gender of the patient, donor gender, primary disease, stem cell source, platelet number, chronic graft vs host disease (cGVHD) of salivary glands and oral mucosa, and oral CMV shedding. Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS While none of the individuals in the control group showed positive swabs for CMV, the frequency of positive CMV oral swabs in patients at day + 100 after HSCT (45.2%) was statistically higher than before (7.2%) and 1 year after HSCT (17.5%). The presence of CMV was not associated with cGVHD and did not have any impact on post-transplant survival. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that oral CMV shedding occurs after HSCT, especially at day +100 post-transplant. Identification of CMV in the saliva might be important for the early diagnosis of CMV infection in allo-HSTC.
Gigantism in a Bacterium, Epulopiscium fishelsoni, Correlates with Complex Patterns in Arrangement, Quantity, and Segregation of DNA

ABSTRACT Epulopiscium fishelsoni, gut symbiont of the brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) in the Red Sea, attains a larger size than any other eubacterium, varies 10- to 20-fold in length (and >2,000-fold in volume), and undergoes a complex daily life cycle. In early morning, nucleoids contain highly condensed DNA in elongate, chromosome-like structures which are physically separated from the general cytoplasm. Cell division involves production of two (rarely three) nucleoids within a cell, deposition of cell walls around expanded nucleoids, and emergence of daughter cells from the parent cell. Fluorescence measurements of DNA, RNA, and other cell components indicate the following. DNA quantity is proportional to cell volume over cell lengths of ∼30 μm to >500 μm. For cells of a given size, nucleoids of cells with two nucleoids (binucleoid) contain approximately equal amounts of DNA. And each nucleoid of a binucleoid cell contains one-half the DNA of the single nucleoid in a uninucleoid cell of the same size. The life cycle involves approximately equal subdivision of DNA among daughter cells, formation of apical caps of condensed DNA from previously decondensed and diffusely distributed DNA, and “pinching” of DNA near the middle of the cell in the absence of new wall formation. Mechanisms underlying these patterns remain unclear, but formation of daughter nucleoids and cells occurs both during diurnal periods of host feeding and bacterial cell growth and during nocturnal periods of host inactivity when mean bacterial cell size declines.
Modelling requirements variability across product lines

The explicit definition of variability in software product lines is a key difference between the development of single software systems and software product line engineering. More and more companies maintain several software product lines which focus on different types of products, market segments, and/or domains. Those product lines typically share commonalities and variability. The companies thus face the problem of managing communality and variability across different product lines. In this paper, we identify essential requirements for the documentation of requirements variability across product lines. We propose a meta model for structuring the variability information, sketch a prototypical realisation for managing variability across product lines in DOORS, and illustrate the use of the meta model in a small example. We further report on experiences made with the proposed variability modelling approach.
Methyl 2-methoxy-4-{[2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl}benzoate

The molecule of the title Schiff base compound, C16H15N3O5, obtained from a condensation reaction of 4-acetoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-nitrophenylhydrazine, adopts an E geometry with respect to the C=N double bond. The molecule is roughly planar, with the two benzene rings twisted slightly with respect to each other by a dihedral angle of 6.90 (9)°. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link centrosymmetrically related pairs of molecules, forming dimers of R 2 2(22) graph-set motif. The dimers are further connected through slipped π–π interactions between symmetry-related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance of 3.646 (1) Å, offset angle of 15.4°].
Markers of mRNA stabilization and degradation, and RNAi within astrocytoma GW bodies

GW bodies (GWBs) are unique cytoplasmic structures that contain the mRNA binding protein GW182 and other proteins involved in mRNA processing pathways. The rationale for this study arose from clinical studies indicating that 33% of patients with GWB autoantibodies have a motor/sensory neuropathy and/or ataxia. The novelty of this study is the identification of GWBs in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells within cell bodies and cytoplasmic projections. Astrocytoma GWBs exhibit complex heterogeneity with combinations of LSm4 and XRN1 as well as Ago2 and Dicer, key proteins involved in mRNA degradation and RNA interference, respectively. GWB subsets contained the mRNA transport and stabilization proteins SYNCRIP, hnRNPA1, and FMRP, not previously described as part of the GWB complex. Immunoprecipitation of astrocytoma GWBs suggested that Dicer, hDcp, LSm4, XRN1, SYNCRIP, and FMRP form a multiprotein complex. GWBs are likely involved in a number of regulatory mRNA pathways in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The experience of partners of young stroke survivors

Purpose. Stroke is a health crisis that can prompt a re-organisation of lives and impact on family caregivers. This study extends existing findings by investigating the experiences of partners of young stroke survivors (under 60 years old) two to seven years post-stroke. Method. Semi-structured interviews with seven partners were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results. Two super-ordinate themes emerged, ‘Adjustment’ and ‘Coping’. The first consists of two subordinate themes; ‘Changed lives’ describes the way in which the impact of the stroke was played out in many areas of the partners lives, whereas ‘Enduring effects on the self’ highlights the psychological consequences of these changes. ‘Coping’ refers to the ways in which partners adapt to life post-stroke. Conclusions. The study extends knowledge by demonstrating the enduring effects of caring on domestic tasks, relationship with survivor, family roles, employment and social life. Trauma from the stroke event and its immediate aftermath persisted over years. Caring impacted on the partners' sense of self and identity, and positive as well as negative effects were noted. Coping was primarily problem-focussed and previous experiences, social comparison and social support were important. Implications for community support services are discussed.
Effects of background electrolyte composition and addition of selectors on separation selectivity in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

This review gives a survey of the approaches employed to obtain, enhance and tune selectivity in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). Recent developments in NACE are described and the effects of background electrolyte composition and addition of selectors on separation selectivity are discussed. The use of one organic solvent, a mixture of several organic solvents or the use of additives to tune separation selectivity in NACE is presented and a list of relevant applications is included.
Involvement of RhoA in progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma

Background and Aim: The activation of Rho proteins has been shown to lead to loss of polarity in cancer cells, as well as reorganization of the cytoskeleton and facilitation of cell motility, possibly resulting in their malignant potential. The clinicopathological significance of RhoA, however, is not yet well known in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the clinicopathological correlation of RhoA levels with HCC.
Original Investigation Associations of Health Literacy With Dialysis Adherence and Health Resource Utilization in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis

Background: Although limited health literacy is common in hemodialysis patients, its effects on clinical outcomes are not well understood. Study Design: Observational study. Setting & Participants: 260 maintenance hemodialysis patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of symptom management strategies from January 2009 through April 2011. Predictor: Limited health literacy. Outcomes: Dialysis adherence (missed and abbreviated treatments) and health resource utilization (emergency department visits and end-stage renal disease [ESRD]-related hospitalizations). Measurements: We assessed health literacy using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) and used negative binomial regression to analyze the independent associations of limited health literacy with dialysis adherence and health resource utilization over 12-24 months. Results: 41 of 260 (16%) patients showed limited health literacy (REALM score, 60). There were 1,152 missed treatments, 5,127 abbreviated treatments, 552 emergency department visits, and 463 ESRD-related hospitalizations. Limited health literacy was associated independently with an increased incidence of missed dialysis treatments (missed, 0.6% vs 0.3%; adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.10-4.17), emergency department visits (annual visits, 1.7 vs 1.0; adjusted IRR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01-1.86), and hospitalizations related to ESRD (annual hospitalizations, 0.9 vs 0.5; adjusted IRR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03-2.34). Limitations: Generalizability and potential for residual confounding. Conclusions: Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis who have limited health literacy are more likely to miss dialysis treatments, use emergency care, and be hospitalized related to their kidney disease. These findings have important clinical practice and cost implications. Am J Kidney Dis. 62(1):73-80. © 2013 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Visible Light Communications localization using TDOA-based coherent heterodyne detection

Visible Light Communications (VLC) can be achieved with the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LED). It can be used for indoor positioning of people or smart devices. Previous work considers coherent detection, which uses the amplitude (in-phase (I) component) and phase (quadrature (Q) component) of the optical power signal and achieves an accuracy of less than 1mm, but they did not consider noise. In our work, we utilize a mathematical model for photodetection with Gaussian noise. We employ 3 stages of estimation algorithms on the measurements to minimize the noise affects. The performance is evaluated using MATLAB and we achieve an accuracy of less than 2cm in the room space of 5m × 5m × 3m.
PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DE LA ESCALA DE SATISFACCIÓN EN LA PAREJA (ESP-10) EN UNA MUESTRA DE ADULTOS PUERTORRIQUEÑOS

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la fiabilidad, estructura factorial y algunos indicadores de validez de la Escala de Satisfaccion en la Pareja (ESP-10) en una muestra de adultos puertorriquenos. La satisfaccion en la pareja se puede definir como la autoevaluacion positiva o negativa que la persona realiza sobre su relacion de pareja actual. Esta autoevaluacion dependera del cumplimiento de las necesidades y expectativas que la persona tenga sobre lo que es una buena relacion de pareja. Un total de 504 adultos puertorriquenos (246 mujeres y 258 hombres) participaron en este estudio de caracter psicometrico. Los resultados confirmaron que la ESP-10 posee una estructura unidimensional (juicio valorativo global hacia la relacion de pareja). Un total de 10 reactivos cumplieron con los criterios de discriminacion y el indice de confiabilidad obtenido para la version final de la escala fue . 91.
Design of Stable Nanocrystalline Alloys

Metal Manipulation Reducing the grain size below 100 micrometers can vastly improve the properties of a metal. However, these nanocrystalline metals are not thermally stable; at elevated temperatures the grains will grow and merge. Alloying with a second metal to slow grain growth can slow down this process, which has shown some success on a trial-and-error basis. Chookajorn et al. (p. 951; see the Perspective by Weertman) now provide a theoretical framework to create stability maps to identify potential alloys with the greatest thermal stability. For tungsten, counterintuitively, the theory suggests that atoms with the largest size differential or lowest solubility are not the best alloying choice. Indeed, an alloy of tungsten and titanium was processed more easily than pure nanocrystalline tungsten and also showed better stability at high temperatures. Designed nanostructured alloys, amenable to large-scale production, show high-temperature thermal stability. Nanostructured metals are generally unstable; their grains grow rapidly even at low temperatures, rendering them difficult to process and often unsuitable for usage. Alloying has been found to improve stability, but only in a few empirically discovered systems. We have developed a theoretical framework with which stable nanostructured alloys can be designed. A nanostructure stability map based on a thermodynamic model is applied to design stable nanostructured tungsten alloys. We identify a candidate alloy, W-Ti, and demonstrate substantially enhanced stability for the high-temperature, long-duration conditions amenable to powder-route production of bulk nanostructured tungsten. This nanostructured alloy adopts a heterogeneous chemical distribution that is anticipated by the present theoretical framework but unexpected on the basis of conventional bulk thermodynamics.