Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PI3K g -Dependent Signaling in Mouse Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling couples to receptors for many different ligands in diverse cellular systems. Recent ﬁndings suggest that PI3K-dependent signaling also mediates inhibition of odorant responses in rat olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Here, we present evidence that murine ORNs show PI3K-dependent calcium responses to odorant stimulation, they express 2 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-activated isoforms of PI3K, PI3K b and PI3K c , and they exhibit odorant-induced PI3K activity. These ﬁndings support our use of a transgenic mouse model to begin to investigate the mechanisms underlying PI3K-mediated inhibition of odorant responses in mammalian ORNs. Mice deﬁcient in PI3K c , a class IB PI3K that is activated via GPCRs, lack detectable odorant-induced PI3K activity in their olfactory epithelium and their ORNs are less sensitive to PI3K inhibition. We conclude that odorant-dependent PI3K signaling generalizes to the murine olfactory system and that PI3K c plays a role in mediating inhibition of odorant responses in mammalian ORNs.
Biomarqueurs émergents dans le cancer de prostate : à propos de la β-tubuline de classe III et du score urinaire PCA3

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Biomarqueurs émergents dans le cancer de prostate : à propos de la β-tubuline de classe III et du score urinaire PCA3 Guillaume Ploussard
Title Sphingosine kinase 1 is required for TGF-beta mediated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in ovarian cancer

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), the enzyme that produces sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), is known to be highly expressed in many cancers. However, the role of SPHK1 in cells of the tumor stroma remains unclear. Here, we show that SPHK1 is highly expressed in the tumor stroma of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), and is required for the differentiation and tumor promoting function of cancerassociated fibroblasts (CAFs). Knockout or pharmacological inhibition of SPHK1 in ovarian fibroblasts attenuated TGF-β-induced expression of CAF markers, and reduced their ability to promote ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion in a coculture system. Mechanistically, we determined that SPHK1 mediates TGF-β signaling via the transactivation of S1P receptors (S1PR2 and S1PR3), leading to p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The importance of stromal SPHK1 in tumorigenesis was confirmed in vivo, by demonstrating a significant reduction of tumor growth and metastasis in SPHK1 knockout mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of SPHK1 inhibition as a novel stroma-targeted therapy in HGSC.
Comparison by X-ray Diffraction and Infrared Spectroscopy of Two Samples of α Quartz with the NIST SRM 1878 a α Quartz

The aim of this study was to compare the X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrophotometric patterns of two samples of α quartz (QUIN1 and QUIN2) with that of NIST SRM 1878a α quartz certified 100% crystalline. As it is known that the intensity diffracted and the absorbance per mass unit for a given type of α quartz depend on its particle size, this factor was taken into account. To do this, different types of α quartz were sampled on filters using a Dorr-Oliver cyclone to select particle size. Variation in the flow rate of the cyclone in the range 1.2–2.8 l/min allowed the volume median diameter of the sampled particles to be varied. For the four strongest diffraction lines it was observed that the intensity per mass unit increased with the volume median diameter of the particles. For infrared spectrophotometry for analytical band wavelengths close to 12.5 μm, it was observed that the absorbance per mass unit decreased as particle size increased. The opposite effect was noted for analytical band wavelengths >14.4 μm. Compared with SRM 1878a α quartz, certified 100% crystalline, the purity of QUIN1 α quartz was 93.1% (confidence interval 92.4–93.8%) when measured by X-ray diffraction and 91.5% (confidence interval 90.1–92.9%) when measured by infrared spectrophotometry. In the case of QUIN2 α quartz the purity was globally lower.
P ROPAGATION OF E LECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN A S INGLE LAYER S TRUCTURE

Electric charges generate electric fields and electric currents generate magnetic fields. An electric field varying in time (for example the electric field due to a moving charge) produces a magnetic field varying in space and time; this changing magnetic field produces an electric field varying in space and time; and so on. This mutual generation of electric and magnetic fields result in the propagation of the
PREDICTING CUSTOMER RETENTION LIKELIHOOD IN THE CONTAINER SHIPPING INDUSTRY THROUGH THE DECISION TREE APPROACH

This study aimed to develop a practical method for predicting customer retention likelihood by employing analytical methods different from those used by previous studies. A decision tree (DT) methodology was applied to predict the likelihood of customers not switching to new service providers (NSPs). Because the benefits of using DTs are flexibility and comprehensibility, the DT technique was used to select the items for predicting customer retention likelihood. Empirical data were collected from container shipping customers to demonstrate that the DT technique could be used to develop a customer retention prediction model for the container industry. The results showed that the service attribute of “Container carriers have a very close relationship with shippers” was the covariate with the largest correlation with NSPs. This indicated a close relationship between container carriers and shippers had the greatest influence on a customer who decides not to switch to another NSP. Our results not only suggest a simple decision rule for predicting customer retention likelihood in the container shipping industry, but also provide evidence to support a marketing assertion that customer retention is a central topic in the management and marketing decisions of the industry. Finally, managerial implications are also discussed.
Effects of Rotation on the Multiscale Organization of Convection in a Global 2D Cloud-Resolving Model

Atmospheric convection exhibits distinct spatiotemporal variability at different latitudes. A good understanding of the effects of rotation on the multiscale organization of convection from the mesoscale to synoptic scale to planetary scale is still lacking. Here cloud-resolving simulations with fixed surface fluxes and radiative cooling are implemented with constant rotation in a two-dimensional (2D) planetary domain to simulate multiscale organization of convection from the tropics to midlatitudes. All scenarios are divided into three rotation regimes (weak, order-one, and strong) to represent the idealized ITCZ region (0°–6°N), the Indian monsoon region (6°–20°N), and the midlatitude region (20°–45°N), respectively. In each rotation regime, a multiscale asymptotic model is derived systematically and used as a diagnostic framework for energy budget analysis. The results show that planetary-scale organization of convection only arises in the weak rotation regime, while synoptic-scale organization dominates (vanishes) in the order-one (strong) rotation regime. The depletion of planetary-scale organization of convection as the magnitude of rotation increases is attributed to the reduced planetary kinetic energy of zonal winds, mainly due to the decreasing acceleration effect by eddy zonal momentum transfer from mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and the increasing deceleration effect by the Coriolis force. Similarly, the maintenance of synoptic-scale organization is related to the acceleration effect by MCSs. Such decreasing acceleration effects by MCSs on both planetary and synoptic scales are further attributed to less favorable conditions for convection provided by weaker background vertical shear of the zonal winds, resulting from the increasing magnitude of rotation.
Chapter 10 Introduction to Memristive HTM Circuits

Hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) is a cognitive learning algorithm intended to mimic the working principles of neocortex, part of the human brain said to be responsible for data classification, learning, and making predictions. Based on the combination of various concepts of neuroscience, it has already been shown that the software realization of HTM is effective on different recognition, detection, and prediction making tasks. However, its distinctive features, expressed in terms of hierarchy, modularity, and sparsity, suggest that hardware realization of HTM can be attractive in terms of providing faster processing speed as well as small memory requirements, on-chip area, and total power consumption. Despite there are few works done on hardware realization for HTM, there are promising results which illustrate effectiveness of incorporating an emerging memristor device technology to solve this open-research problem. Hence, this chapter reviews hardware designs for HTM with specific focus on memristive HTM circuits.
Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in dogs suffering from squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma (carcinoma spinocellulare, carcinoma planoepitheliale, spinalioma, SCC) is a malignant tumour originating from keratinized epidermal cells or non-cornified stratified epithelium. Its clinical picture can be varied and depends on the location of the lesions. It is characterised by quick growth and tendency to metastasise to surrounding tissues (26). Growths can originate from the skin and subcutaneous tissues as well as epithelial cells: in the oral cavity, stomach, lungs, vagina and bladder. The growth of the original tumour as well as the occurrence of metastasis is largely dependent on neoangiogenesis, i.e. the formation of blood vessels in tumour tissue and the so-called angiogenic phenotype of the tumour cells (18). As a result of angiogenic switch, permanent genetic modifications occur, which lead to uncontrolled production of pro-angiogenic factors, i.e. VEGF FGF, IL-6, and IL-8, inducing neovascularisation in the tumour (2, 6, 23). VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) plays a key part in tumour progression. It is synthesised by numerous cells, including endothelium, macrophages, T lymphocytes, smooth muscles, keratocytes, fibroblasts, and tumour cells (2, 5, 21, 23). Its expression is largely conditioned by not only tumour cells but also the extracellular matrix and tumour microenvironment cells (6). It is a cytokine with a documented angiogenic effect on the activity of vascular endothelium cells (20). The most important factor inducing the expression of VEGF is hypoxia, due to which HIF 1 alpha protein (Hypoxia Inducible Factor) is expressed, facilitating the adaptation of tumour cells to the lower oxygen concentrations in their environment (17, 20). HIF 1 alpha protein intensifies the synthesis and expression of VEGF, which binds with VEGF receptors on the surface of endothelium cells and activates intracellular transmission tracts. This leads to activation of kinases and phospholipases, initiation of endothelial cells’ migration, proliferation and increased blood vessel permeability (4). It has been confirmed that apart from its vascular role, VEGF also activates enzymes responsible for the destruction of the extracellular Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in dogs suffering from squamous cell carcinoma
Factors Influencing the Performance of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems, A Case Study of National Employment Programme

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing performance of monitoring and evaluation systems of National Employment Programme. The current study targeted planning and Monitoring and Evaluation staff from NEP central implementing institutions and the staff from business development and employment unit at district level who are in charge of coordination, monitoring and evaluation of NEP interventions at decentralized levels. The sample used in this study was selected using non probability sampling that is purposive sampling where the sample to be used in the current study was exclusively composed of planning, monitoring and evaluation staff from NEP central implementing institutions and the staff from Business Development and Employment Unit at district.Primary data were collected through the administration of written questionnaires to 215 staff (planning, monitoring and evaluation staff NEP central implementing institutions and staff from BDE unit at district level). The respondents were given oral instructions and then handed the questionnaire to fill.Correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze data. The relationship between different independent variables was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient. In addition, the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable was examined using multiple regression analysis technique. There is significant positive relationship between human capacity and the performance of monitoring and evaluation systems under National Employment Programme. The results suggest the need to increase both financial and human resources invested in the operationalization of M&E systems under National Employment program to ensure the efficient and effectiveness in the implementation of the programme. The results also suggest the need for continued investment in capacity building of monitoring and evaluation staff and the establishment of strong and experienced Monitoring and Evaluation unit.
Competition Pressures and Academic Performance in Chile*1 Presiones competitivas y desempeño académico en Chile

The positive impact that competition has on performance in most industries has been questioned in the education sector. The difficulty to measure competition, the idea that parents don’t rationally choose schools for their children, and that schools do not react to that choice is in the center of the debate. We critically analyze the prevailing methodology in the literature that relates competition and educational performance, and the data used to estimate that impact. We propose a methodology that considers relevant substitutes for each school using various attributes which parents consider when choosing schools, and we apply it to estimate the effect of competition on educational performance in Chile, were more than 90% of the students are covered by a voucher. The evidence supports the hypothesis that competition has a positive, statistically significant, and economically relevant educational impact on private and public schools.
A comparative Performance Analysis of LPC and MFCC for Noise Estimation in Speech Recognition Task

From the days of adam and eve Speech plays an important means in communication system, its recognition is truly a challenging task. Generally noise is an unwanted interface in any form of communication system. This paper deals with the estimation of noise that are present at the front end of original speech Signal, for estimation of noise we have calculated the coefficient of LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) and MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient). To minimize the complexity of processing only three classes of noise are considered, ten samples from each classes are taken for computational work. Accurate deviation results are pin pointed for similar kind of noises in both LPC and MFCC. Finally percentage deviation is calculated. Resultant vector shows MFCC outperform LPC in terms of percentage deviation for estimation of noise that will be the key thrust of this paper. MATLAB 7.11 is used to carry out all the experimental work. Keyword: Noise samples, LPC, MFCC, Deviation 378 Syed Sibtain Khalid et al
Synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric polymer ceramic composites

Ferroelectric polymer-ceramic composites were prepared by the solution casing technique usingpolyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) as polymer matrix and Na0.5Bi0. 5TiO3 (NBT) as the ceramic powder. The concentration of NBT has been varied with respect to polymer host. The formation polymer composites have been confirmed by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The presence of both the crystalline and amorphous phases has also been observed from XRD pattern. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the presence of vibrational bands of both the phases in the composite. The microstructure/surface morphology of the polymer-ceramic composites was analysed by the optical microscopy.Dielectric properties of the composites have been studied with the variation of frequency at room temperature.
A critical review of the psychophysiology of driver fatigue

Driver fatigue is a major cause of road accidents and has implications for road safety. This review discusses the concepts of fatigue and provides a summary on psychophysiological associations with driver fatigue. A variety of psychophysiological parameters have been used in previous research as indicators of fatigue, with electroencephalography perhaps being the most promising. Most research found changes in theta and delta activity to be strongly linked to transition to fatigue. Therefore, monitoring electroencephalography during driver fatigue may be a promising variable for use in fatigue countermeasure devices. The review also identified anxiety and mood states as factors that may possibly affect driver fatigue. Furthermore, personality and temperament may also influence fatigue. Given the above, understanding the psychology of fatigue may lead to better fatigue management. The findings from this review are discussed in the light of directions for future studies and for the development of fatigue countermeasures. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Aalborg Universitet Evaluation of Indoor Radio Deployment Options in High-Rise Building

In this paper we set out to analyze the indoor capacity under a realistic high-rise building scenario. The study takes into consideration the number of indoor cells deployed per floor, different inter-site distances (ISDs), transmit power settings and outdoor macro interference levels. The outcome shows large variation in performance gain just by optimizing indoor cell locations, highlighting the need for thorough indoor radio planning. Investing into more indoor cells helps to increase capacity, and also to cope better with outdoor interference, but the gain tends to be diminishing due to the increase of inter-cell interference (ICI). Increasing transmit power brings largest gain when the density of indoor cell is low, and the noise and/or outdoor interference is the dominant source of performance degradation. When analyzing performance gain of an ideal receiver-side Interference Cancellation (IC) algorithm, the study also shows that, if the Dominant Interferer Removal (DIR) rate is below 50%, doubling the number of indoor cells would bring better capacity gain than investing into such an IC receiver.
JPE 10-1-7 An On-Line Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Scheme for Voltage Source Inverter

This paper proposes a new harmonic elimination PWM (HEPWM) scheme for voltage source inverters (VSI) based on the curve fittings of certain polynomials functions. The resulting equations to calculate the switching angle of the HEPWM require only the addition and multiplication processes; therefore any number of harmonics to be eliminated and the fundamental amplitude of the pole switching waveform (NP1) can be controlled on-line. An extensive angle error analysis is carried out to determine the accuracy of the algorithm in comparison to the exact solution. To verify the workability of the technique, an experimental single phase VSI is constructed. The algorithm is implemented on a VSI using a 16-bit microprocessor. The results obtained from the test rig are compared to the theoretical prediction and the results of the MATLAB simulations.
Linear Prediction Approach for Blind Multiuser Detection in Multicarrier CDMA Systems

Multicarrier CDMA has emerged recently as a promising candidate for the next generation broad-band mobile networks. Since multicarrier CDMA combines the multicarrier technique and the spread-spectrum CDMA technique, many multiuser detection methods used in DS-CDMA can be applied to multicarrier CDMA system. In this thesis, we propose a direct blind multiuser detection method for multicarrier CDMA based on linear prediction. Using only the spreading code of the desired user, we extract the column vector subspace corresponding to the signal of interest from the channel matrix of the received complex signal. And then zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) detectors are constructed. Our algorithms do not require channel estimation and avoid the channel estimation error. Simulations show that in most conditions, our algorithms outperform the typical subspace-based algorithm and the eigenmethod used in a multicarrier system.
New trends in referred pain and hyperalgesia

Part 1 Pathophysiological mechanisms: neurophysiological mechanisms of referred pain and hyperalgesia mechanisms of cutaneous and subcutaneous hyperalgesia spinal mechanisms of muscle pain and hyperalgesia pathophysiology of referred pain and hyperalgesia from viscera spinal mechanisms of referred pain brainstem mechanisms of referred pain and hyperalgesia in the orofacial and temporomandibular region possible role of cortical and subcortical structures in the pathology of referred visceral pain and hyperalgesia spinal visceral afferents, sympathetic nervous system and referred pain. Part 2 Experimental models: modeling modeling visceral pain muscular hyperalgesia of renal/ureteral origin the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferents in the genesis of vesical pain and inflammation behavioural, electrophysiological and pharmacological studies of primary and secondary distant hyperalgesia in rats with moderate ligation of one sciatic nerve neurophysiological and neuropharmacological studies on arthritic pain fos-like immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord during the development of polyarthritism - pharmacological investigations integrated complex responses following tonic pain experimental referred pain and hyperalgesia from muscles in humans. Part 3 Clinical aspects: the historical development of the concepts of hyperalgesia and referred pain pathophysiology and clinical aspects of cardiac pain gynecological and obstetrical pain visceral heterotopical allodynia and hyperalgesia unmask the hidden dimension of nociceptive disorder in migraine painful polyneuropathic sensory syndromes. Part 4 Therapeutic approach: effects of neural blockade on referred pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia electrical stimulation for the treatment of referred pain referred pain in cancer patients - effects of percutaneous cervical cordotomy non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain hyperalgesia - modulation by opiates of the spinal and peripheral sensitizing processes psychotropic drugs and referred pain. (Part Contents).
Nephrin : An emerging biomarker for detecting damage of glomerular filtration barrier

Nephropathy due to damage of filtration barrier is a primary origin of end stage ren al disease in Diabetics. It is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Mostly clinicians rely on urine analysis of Albumin. In the recent years extensive research has been conducted to find out a novel biomarker which can help in the early diagnosis of nephropathy. A search was conducted regarding publications of new diagnostic biomarkers for nephropathy. Among many renal biomarker researched lately, Nephrin was identified as the one that can become an early predictor of nephropathy and the levels of which can also ascertain the severity of the disease.