Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attractiveness of sand hoods built by courting male fiddler crabs, Uca musica: test of a sensory trap hypothesis

Courting male fiddler crabs, Uca musica, sometimes build sand hoods at the entrances of their burrows to which they attract females for mating. On average, females visit 17 males in as many minutes before they choose a mate, and they preferentially visit males with hoods. When moving between burrows, fiddler crabs of both sexes sometimes approach and temporarily hide against objects on the surface. Hence, mate-searching females may approach hoods because they resemble (mimic) other objects that crabs approach to reduce their predation risk. We conducted two experiments to test this sensory trap hypothesis. First, we determined whether sexually receptive and nonreceptive female U. musica and nonreceptive female U. stenodactylus, a species that does not build structures, spontaneously approach hoods (replicas), stones, pieces of wood and shells. As predicted by the sensory trap hypothesis, both species, irrespective of sexual receptivity, approached these objects and neither preferred hoods. Second, to determine whether female U. musica show a preference for hoods when they search for a mate, we recorded the frequency with which females approached males with natural hoods, hood replicas, wood, stones and shells. Again as expected, females approached males with these different structures at the same rates. We conclude that hoods are effective mimics of objects that females approach for safety whether they are searching for a mate or not. Males benefit by using this sensory trap because hoods make them more attractive, and receptive females may benefit when they approach hoods because they reduce their mate-search risk.  2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Human Milk: An Ideal Food for Nutrition of Preterm Newborn

Human milk is the best food for newborn nutrition. There is no ideal composition of human milk and also no easy way to control the complexity of its nutritional quality and the quantity received by breastfed infants. Pediatricians and nutritionists use charts of infant growth (weight, size, head circumference) and neurodevelopment criteria that reflect the food that these infants receive. These charts reflect first the infant physiology and likely reflect the composition of human milk when infants are breastfed. In a situation of preterm birth, mother physiology impacts partly breast milk composition and this explains how this is more difficult to correlate infant growth or neurodevelopment with milk composition. Some biomarkers (lipids, oligosaccharides) have been identified in breast milk but their function is not always yet known. A better knowledge on how human milk could act on infant development to the mid- and long-term participating thus to nutritional programming is a challenging question for a better management of infants' nutrition, especially for preterm infants who are most fragile.
Análisis de información de redes sociales (Twitter)

RESUMEN El vertiginoso desarrollo de la tecnología y con ello la globalización del conocimiento, ha generado un alto interés de las redes sociales en las organizaciones, y su presencia se ha multiplicado exponencialmente en los últimos años. Es por ello, que aquí se propone analizar los datos extraídos de redes sociales, específicamente Twitter, con la finalidad de obtener diferentes elementos que permitan la gestión y el análisis relacionado con las opiniones que los usuarios proporcionan sobre las distintas empresas que utilizan a Twitter como una herramienta social en sus páginas web. Esta información es de gran utilidad para la gestión de clientes y su preferencia a marcas u organizaciones.
HIV Infection-Related Care Outcomes among U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Blacks with Diagnosed HIV in 40 U.S. Areas: The National HIV Surveillance System, 2016

HIV care outcomes must be improved to reduce new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and health disparities. HIV infection-related care outcome measures were examined for U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born black persons aged ≥13 years by using National HIV Surveillance System data from 40 U.S. areas. These measures include late-stage HIV diagnosis, timing of linkage to medical care after HIV diagnosis, retention in care, and viral suppression. Ninety-five percent of non-U.S.-born blacks had been born in Africa or the Caribbean. Compared with U.S.-born blacks, higher percentages of non-U.S.-born blacks with HIV infection diagnosed during 2016 received a late-stage diagnoses (28.3% versus 19.1%) and were linked to care in ≤1 month after HIV infection diagnosis (76.8% versus 71.3%). Among persons with HIV diagnosed in 2014 and who were alive at year-end 2015, a higher percentage of non-U.S.-born blacks were retained in care (67.8% versus 61.1%) and achieved viral suppression (68.7% versus 57.8%). Care outcomes varied between African- and Caribbean-born blacks. Non-U.S.-born blacks achieved higher care outcomes than U.S.-born blacks, despite delayed entry to care. Possible explanations include a late-stage presentation that requires immediate linkage and optimal treatment and care provided through government-funded programs.
Multi-state occupancy models of foraging habitat use by the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus)

Multi-state occupancy modeling can often improve assessments of habitat use and site quality when animal activity or behavior data are available. We examine the use of the approach for evaluating foraging habitat suitability of the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) from classifications of site occupancy based on flight activity levels and feeding behavior. In addition, we used data from separate visual and auditory sources, namely thermal videography and acoustic (echolocation) detectors, jointly deployed at sample sites to compare the effectiveness of each method in the context of occupancy modeling. Video-derived observations demonstrated higher and more accurate estimates of the prevalence of high bat flight activity and feeding events than acoustic sampling methods. Elevated levels of acoustic activity by Hawaiian hoary bats were found to be related primarily to beetle biomass in this study. The approach may have a variety of applications in bat research, including inference about species-resource relationships, habitat quality and the extent to which species intensively use areas for activities such as foraging.
Rearing in different light regimes affects courtship behaviour in
 Drosophila melanogaster
 


The courtship behaviour ofDrosophila melanogasteris affected by the light regime in which the animals were reared as adults. The light regime has a positive assortative effect on mating. To investigate further this surprising behavioural plasticity, flies were reared in constant darkness (DD), in a light/dark-cycle (LD) or in constant light (LL) and all combinations of male/female pairs were tested. Males and females that had grown up in the same light regime had the shortest copulation latencies. Tests of courtship in total darkness confirmed that this positive assortative mating pattern does not depend upon use of vision. The results of an analysis of the behavioural subcomponents of courtship for pairs of LD females with LD and with DD males suggest that the assortative effect is mediated by copulation attempts of the males which are instrumental in reducing copulation latency. However, this behaviour was not directly influenced by the male's rearing conditions, but rather via the female's response to the male's behaviour. The male's orientation to the front of the female and the female's declining locomotor activity were critical parameters in this communication loop.
Ultraviolet dermal reflexion and mate choice in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata


Abstract Some fish, including the guppy, have the ability to perceive ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. Female guppies prefer to associate with males that are viewed under light conditions that include UV-A, in preference to conditions lacking these wavelengths. We used reflexion spectrophotometry to show that male guppies reflect UV light from both their structural (purple, green and white) and pigment (orange) colour patches and that males differ in the levels of UV light reflected. Varying components of UV may affect both the brightness and hue of particular colour patches. This may produce nonspectral colours that are visible to the guppy but that are outside human perception. We used video analysis to quantify male reflexion in the UV and visible wavebands. Male guppies with high and low UV reflexion, but similar human-visible coloration and area of coloration, were paired for use in mate choice experiments. Female guppies shown pairs of males differing in their levels of UV reflexion had no preference for either high or low UV reflexion. This suggests that UV reflexion does not provide particularly significant information relating to male quality or influence female preference in this population of guppies. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Network tomography: a new structure spectrum for studying network dynamics

The analysis of dynamics on complex networks is closely connected to structural features of the network itself. Network features like, for instance graph-cores and vertex degrees have been proven to be discriminants of network dynamics and are studied ubiquitously. Here we connect these central discriminants of network dynamics by means of the D-spectrum, a novel framework that identifies a collection of nested chains of subgraphs contained in the network. Cores and vertex degrees can be derived from two particular such chains. Furthermore, each chain gives rise to a rank of a vertex and the collection of these ranks is the D-spectrum of a vertex, providing a novel characterization. We compute this D-spectrum via a node deletion algorithm and we introduce a particular graph dynamical system, called M-C system, in which the D-spectrum appears as a fixed point. Using the D-spectrum we identify nodes of similar spreading power in the susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model on various networks and show that it is more reliable than that based on $k$-core decomposition. In addition we compare the two clusterings obtained by means of vertex infectiousness for different infection probabilities and the D-spectrum and show that they are highly correlated.
Challenging the Traditional Definition of a Difficult Intubation: What Is Difficult?

584 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org March 2019 • Volume 128 • Number 3 DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003886 You are evaluating your patient’s airway as part of the standard preoperative assessment. You ask your patient to lift his chin as high as he comfortably can and to open his mouth for an airway examination. You note that he has adequate range of motion in his neck, and his modified Mallampati score is 1. On further inspection of his thyromental distance, he presents with a slightly receded chin; as he lowers his chin back down, you take note of a thin neck circumference. After a standard induction, you visualize the entirety of his vocal cords with the use of a GlideScope (Verathon, Bothell, WA). For the sake of time, you secure his airway easily without evaluating a direct view. After a straightforward cholecystectomy, he is satisfied with his anesthetic care and discharged home with a mild sore throat. Our guess is that based on the patient’s record, it is unlikely that an anesthesiologist would label this patient as a “difficult intubation. ” The improvement of video laryngoscopy (VL) technology and its increased availability has dramatically changed the practice of airway management. Still, the definition of a difficult intubation has not reflected these changes accordingly, with patient safety being the most significant concern.
Incompatibility between antipredatory vigilance and scrounger tactic in nutmeg mannikins, Lonchura punctulata


Most social foragers must search for food while avoiding predators. Group-foraging nutmeg mannikins engaged in a producer-scrounger game search for their own food (play producer) by hopping with the head down and search for others' food discoveries (play scrounger) by hopping with the head up. If the scrounger tactic is compatible with antipredatory vigilance, then an increase in antipredatory vigilance should lead to the detection of more joining opportunities, and hence to more joining by foragers. We tested this prediction as well as the extent to which stationary birds use head up exclusively for antipredatory purposes and hopping birds use head up for foraging purposes only. We observed three flocks of nutmeg mannikins searching for hidden clumps of food in an indoor aviary. We used a 2 x 2 factorial design in which both the distance to a safe refuge and the food distribution were manipulated. The use of head up by stationary and eating birds increased significantly with increased distance to cover. Distance to cover, however, had no effect on the use of the scrounger tactic or on the level of joining. We found no evidence of compatibility between the scrounger tactic and antipredatory vigilance. Our results provide the first unambiguous evidence for the existence of two distinct and incompatible patterns of vigilance for predators and for conspecifics.
Shiny cowbirds follow the ‘shotgun’ strategy of brood parasitism

Abstract Brood parasitic cowbirds, Molothrus spp. , should lay their eggs in host nests at a time that maximizes both the probability of acceptance by the host and the chances of survival for the parasitic egg and young. Moreover, because multiple parasitism of a host nest is likely to result in low cowbird success, cowbirds are expected to avoid it by defending nests or laying territories, avoiding already parasitized nests or by destroying previously laid cowbird eggs. Shiny cowbird, M. bonariensis egg-laying behaviour was studied in house wren, Troglodytes aedon nests, to determine whether cowbirds monitor host nests to lay their eggs in synchronization with the host's laying period, and whether cowbirds avoid multiple parasitism. Shiny cowbirds monitored nests of house wrens during early and late nest building and during egg-laying stages. Each female cowbird monitored several wren nests over several days, and each wren nest was monitored by several cowbirds. Although to some extent shiny cowbirds synchronized egg laying with their host, they did it in a fairly sloppy manner. Of 185 cowbird eggs laid in 40 nests, 47% were laid in coincidence with the wrens’ laying period, but 35% were laid before the wrens started laying, and 18% were laid after wrens had finished laying and started incubation. Cowbirds also laid 82 eggs in 20 nests that were abandoned by wrens before laying. Multiple parasitism was common and cowbirds did not avoid multiply parasitized nests. There was no evidence that cowbirds removed previously laid eggs, and only six of 150 cowbird eggs were destroyed in nests. Therefore, shiny cowbirds seem to follow a ‘shotgun’ strategy; i.e. they rely more on high fecundity and chance than on the precise placement of each egg. This strategy is possible with house wrens because wrens do not reject cowbird eggs.
Gjenstridige problemer og tverretatlig samordning: Et analytisk rammeverk

Increased emphasis on interorganizational coordination in the public sector may be understood as a reaction to New Public Managements’ focus on one-purpose organizations and agency autonomy, as well as inspired by the attention on wicked issues such as climate and environment, societal security, poverty and work-related crime. Here, we describe an analytic framework for non-hierarchical coordination in the state sector based on an instrumental organizational perspective. The framework has four elements; a) tasks and dependencies, b) organizational distance; as well as mechanisms at c) the level of the organization taking part and d) the interorganizational level. The authors base the framework on previous research as well as their analysis on coordination in two areas in the Norwegian context; work-related crime and housing and welfare.
Universality of jamming of nonspherical particles

Significance The jamming transition is a key property of granular materials, including sand and dense suspensions. In the generic situation of nonspherical particles, its scaling properties are not completely understood. Previous empirical and theoretical work in ellipsoids and spherocylinders indicates that both structural and vibrational properties are fundamentally affected by shape. Here we explain these observations using a combination of marginal stability arguments and the replica method. We unravel a universality class for particles with internal degrees of freedom and derive how the structure of packings and their vibrations scale as the particles evolve toward spheres. Amorphous packings of nonspherical particles such as ellipsoids and spherocylinders are known to be hypostatic: The number of mechanical contacts between particles is smaller than the number of degrees of freedom, thus violating Maxwell’s mechanical stability criterion. In this work, we propose a general theory of hypostatic amorphous packings and the associated jamming transition. First, we show that many systems fall into a same universality class. As an example, we explicitly map ellipsoids into a system of “breathing” particles. We show by using a marginal stability argument that in both cases jammed packings are hypostatic and that the critical exponents related to the contact number and the vibrational density of states are the same. Furthermore, we introduce a generalized perceptron model which can be solved analytically by the replica method. The analytical solution predicts critical exponents in the same hypostatic jamming universality class. Our analysis further reveals that the force and gap distributions of hypostatic jamming do not show power-law behavior, in marked contrast to the isostatic jamming of spherical particles. Finally, we confirm our theoretical predictions by numerical simulations.
PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALISME GURU BAHASA MELALUI SUPERVISI PENGAJARAN KEPALA SEKOLAH

Pengajaran bahasa indonesia di sekolah dimaksudkan untuk membimbing peserta didik dalam menghasilkan kecerdasan berbahasa, yaitu kemampuan dalam mengggunaan kata dan kalimat yang baik dan benar dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dengan masyarakat sekitar. Untuk memenuhi tercapainya tujuan sekolah dalam pengajaran bahasa diperlukan guru profesional yang mampu mendidik dan membimbing peserta didik dalam melakukan proses internalisasi nilai kebahasaan, memilih pendekatan dan metode pengajaran yang sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Kehadiran guru profesional tidak dapat dilepaskan dari peran dan fungsi kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor yang memberikan bantuan profesional kepada guru untuk selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini mengkaji pelaksanaan kegiatan supervisi pengajaran yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah SMP Negeri 2 Lamongan tahun 2017 kaitannya dengan upaya peningkatan profesionalisme guru bahasa Indonesia. Metode Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengambilan data melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi sedangkan untuk analisis data menggunakan model analisis induksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya peningkatan profesionalisme guru yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah melalui; Pertama dengan supervisi pengajaran meliputi: Observasi kelas, fasilitasi MGMP sekolah dan MGMP kabupaten, penilaian kinerja, mengikutkan pelatihan dan workshop, dan melaksanakan pengembangan keprofesionalan berkelanjutan. Kedua, dengan menyelenggarakan program literasi, peningkatan kapasitas perpustakaan, mendirikan Reading Corner, Bulan Bahas dengan berbagai lomba kebahasaan, menerbitkan majalah sekolah, dan membuat Daring Amanah (jurnal harian anak yang berisi catatan kegiatan literasi, mengarang, mengaji Al-Qur’an, menyanyikan lagu-lagu kebangsaan, dan doa awal masuk sekolah).
Determination of the presence of 5-methylcytosine in Paramecium tetraurelia

5-methylcytosine DNA methylation regulates gene expression and developmental programming in a broad range of eukaryotes. However, its presence and potential roles in ciliates, complex single-celled eukaryotes with germline-somatic genome specialization via nuclear dimorphism, are largely uncharted. While canonical cytosine methyltransferases have not been discovered in published ciliate genomes, recent studies performed in the stichotrichous ciliate Oxytricha trifallax suggest de novo cytosine methylation during macronuclear development. In this study, we applied bisulfite genome sequencing, DNA mass spectrometry and antibody-based fluorescence detection to investigate the presence of DNA methylation in Paramecium tetraurelia. While the antibody-based methods suggest cytosine methylation, DNA mass spectrometry and bisulfite sequencing reveal that levels are actually below the limit of detection. Our results suggest that Paramecium does not utilize 5-methylcytosine DNA methylation as an integral part of its epigenetic arsenal.
Peppa Pig: um estudo sobre as relações familiares entre avós, pais e netos

This study aimed to understand the intergenerational family relationships presented in the cartoon Peppa Pig; identify the themes of the episodes involving the relationship between grandparents, parents and grandchildren and; determine the main activities developed between them. They were analyzed through Bardin technique (1977/2000) 41 episodes of the first, second and third season that had the participation of Pig grandparents. It was found that were highlighted favorable and neutral relationships between grandparents, parents and grandchildren. The main themes addressed by episodes analyzed were playing in the garden; ride on the boat; family celebrations; carriage rides; family trip; learn from grandparents; take parrot account; taking care of grandchildren and ride to school. The types of more developed intergenerational activities were playing and learning in the garden. The design features a traditional family model with proper functioning and shows stereotypes similar to the reality of most
Cardiac rehabilitation in women: state of the art and strategies to overcome the current barriers

&NA; Cardiac rehabilitation is able to reduce cardiovascular mortality, and improves functional capacity and quality of life. However, cardiac rehabilitation participation rates are low and the current evidence has demonstrated sex differences for the access to cardiac rehabilitation programs. In this review, we discuss the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in women with a specific focus on ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and peripheral artery disease. We also analyse the current limitations to cardiac rehabilitation for women in terms of accessibility and indications, reporting general, sex-specific, and healthcare-related barriers. Finally, we discuss the potential solutions and areas of development for the coming years.