Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congenital hernia of the diaphragm.

CONGENITAL hernias of the diaphragm occur with such frequency that they can no longer be classed as pathologic curiosities. Surgical attack on these malformations has now reached a stage where it is usually possible to correct the deformity, regardless of the small size of the subject. It is important to emphasize for the practitioner or pediatrician that the early recognition and treatment of this deformity can restore the patient to health in a most satisfying manner. Several excellent treatises on the surgical management of congenital diaphragmatic hernias have previously been published.1I should like to place on record the following series of 7 cases of this deformity in which I personally have treated the patients. This small group does not include all of the variations which one can encounter in malformations of the diaphragm, yet the experience is sufficiently broad to serve as a foundation for the discussion of
Further genetic variability of the VNTR D1S80 (pMCT118): Correspondence analysis studies

A population genetic study of the VNTR D1S80 (pMCT118 locus) in 206 individuals from the Galician population in Spain was carried out. PCR amplified DNA were electrophoresed in horizontal polyacrylamide gels and subsequently were visualized by silver staining. Up to 19 alleles in 56 different genotypes were found. This report describes a new allele tentatively named T11 that defines the lower limit of repeats reported for this VNTR. A family study demonstrates autosomal codominant inheritance of this allele. Levels of heterozygosity indexes are about 80%. No significant deviations from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium were observed, using the allele binning method (P > 0.3 in all cases). Correspondence analysis shows the usefulness of D1S80 alleles in the genetic profiling of human populations, with the alleles 16, 17, 21, 29, and 31 being of particular interest at different levels of analysis. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Truthful Generalized Assignments via Stable Matching

In the generalized assignment problem (gap), a set of jobs seek to be assigned to a set of machines. For every job-machine pair, there are a specific value and an accommodated capacity for the assignment. The objective is to find an assignment that maximizes the total sum of values given that the capacity constraint of every machine is satisfied. The gap is a classic optimization problem and has been studied extensively from the algorithmic perspective. Dughmi and Ghosh [Dughmi S, Ghosh A (2010) Truthful assignment without money. ACM Conf. Electronic Commerce (ACM, New York), 325–334. ] proposed the game theoretical framework in which every job is owned by a selfish agent who aims to maximize the value of his own assignment. They gave a logarithmic approximation truthful in expectation mechanism and left open the problem whether there exists a truthful mechanism with a constant approximation factor. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to this question and provide a constant approximation mechanism.
On-demand PPI Requirements in Patients With Endoscopy-Negative GERD

Goals To evaluate the need for on-demand treatment with proton pump inhibitor in patients with endoscopy-negative GERD. Background Studies indicate that on-demand therapy is suitable for patients without mucosal disease, but the need for PPI in a monotherapy situation is not known. Study Forty-one patients with heartburn and/or acid reflux of more than 3 months duration participated in the study. All were endoscopy-negative and had responded positive to a test with lansoprazole 60 mg × 1 for 7 days. Twenty-four hour pH monitoring was attempted in all, but failed in 4. Twenty-eight had pH <4 more than 4% of the time, 9 had less. During a 3-month period, the patients were allowed to take 1 capsule 30 mg lansoprazole on-demand, maximum 2 capsules a day. The remaining capsules were counted monthly. Results In the 3-month period, the median mean daily consumption was 1.06 capsule (95% CI: 0072–1.09). No significant difference was found between those with normal or abnormal 24-hour pH-metry. Sixty-three percent used 6 or more capsules a week. Conclusion Patients with longstanding negative-endoscopy reflux disease, whether abnormal or normal 24-hour pH-metry, have symptoms that demand effective therapy. Using PPI on-demand as monotherapy, most patients will need 1 capsule per day.
OSBP Negatively Regulates ABCA1 Protein Stability*

Oxysterol binding to liver X receptors (LXR) increases the transcription of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and disposal, such as ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1). Other cytoplasmic sterol-binding proteins could interact with this pathway by sequestering or delivering substrates and ligands. One potential regulator is OSBP (oxysterol-binding protein), which is implicated in the integration of sterol sensing/transport with sphingomyelin synthesis and cell signaling. Since these activities could impact the cholesterol efflux pathway, we examined whether OSBP was involved in LXR regulation and in expression and activity of ABCA1. Suppression of OSBP in Chinese hamster ovary cells by RNA interference resulted in increased ABCA1 protein expression and cholesterol efflux activity following induction with oxysterols or the synthetic LXR agonist TO901317. OSBP knockdown in J774 macrophages also increased ABCA1 expression in the presence and absence of LXR agonists. OSBP depletion did not affect ABCA1 mRNA levels or LXR activity. Rather, OSBP silencing increased the half-life of ABCA1 protein by 3-fold. Sphingomyelin synthesis was suppressed in OSBP-depleted cells treated with 25-hydroxycholesterol but not TO901317 or 22-hydroxycholesterol and did not correlate with ABCA1 stabilization. Moreover, co-transfection experiments revealed that reduction of ABCA1 protein by OSBP was prevented by a mutation in the sterol-binding domain but not by mutations that abrogated interaction with the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, OSBP opposes the activity of LXR by negatively regulating ABCA1 activity in the cytoplasm by sterol-binding domain-dependent protein destabilization.
A New Bayesian Tree Learning Method with Reduced Time and Space Complexity

Bayesian networks have many practical applications due to their capability to represent joint probability distribution in many variables in a compact way. There exist efficient reasoning methods for Bayesian networks. Many algorithms for learning Bayesian networks from empirical data have been developed.A well-known problem with Bayesian networks is the practical limitation for the number of variables for which a Bayesian network can be learned in reasonable time. A remarkable exception here is the Chow/Liu algorithm for learning tree-like Bayesian networks. However, its quadratic time and space complexity in the number of variables may prove also prohibitive for high dimensional data.The paper presents a novel algorithm overcoming this limitation for the tree-like class of Bayesian networks. The new algorithm space consumption grows linearly with the number of variables n while the execution time is proportional to n. ln(n), hence both are better than those of Chow/Liu algorithm. This opens new perspectives in construction of Bayesian networks from data containing tens of thousands and more variables, e.g. in automatic text categorization.
An DSTATCOM for Compensating Different Abnormal Line Voltage and Nonlinear Load

A static compensator (STATCOM) is a viable solution for improving power quality in distribution systems. This technology has resulted in an equipment that is principally different from conventional static Var compensator (SVC). In this paper direct power control of three-phase pulsewidth-modulated inverter without voltage line sensors is applied to a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). Thanks to the idea of new synchronous double reference frame phase-locked loop (SDRF-PLL) approach, the control system is resistant to majority of line voltage disturbances. It is shown that this controller is suitable for mitigation of short term interruption, voltage dips, harmonics and flicker fluctuations.
A survey of function in children with lower limb deficiencies

Function and prosthesis technical problems were surveyed in 258 experienced paediatric lower-limb prosthesis wearers. The two-part survey form consisted of the modified Prosthesis Evaluation Scale and the core module of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons/Council of.Musculoskeletal Specialty Societies (AAOS/COMSS) Lower Limb Outcomes instrument. Eighty-eight percent (88%) of these paediatric subjects were able to wear their prosthesis more than 9 hours/day; only 3 subjects (1%) were not able to wear their limb at all. The average distance walked per day was reported to be 5.24 kilometres. Sixteen percent (16%) reported pain as “moderate” or worse. A majority reported not having a problem with perspiration, however, 20% had problems serious enough to limit prosthesis wearing time significantly. The most common reasons for temporary loss of limb use were pain (62 responses) and prosthesis failure (59 responses), followed by tissue breakdown (42 responses) and perspiration (30 responses). In general, the paediatric population achieves full use at a high rate, is much more active than the adult population, and experiences less limb pain.
A Nonorthogonal ADI-FDTD Algorithm for Solving Two Dimensional Scattering Problems

In this paper, an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) scheme is applied to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving electromagnetic scattering problems in a generalized coordinate system. A formulation for two dimensional problems is presented and its numerical dispersion and stability property are discussed. In our generalized approach, the nonorthogonal grid is used to model the complex region of a scatterer only, whereas the standard FDTD lattice is used for the remaining regions. As a result, accurate griddings with a simple algorithm can be obtained using the new scheme, and the complexity of the algorithm is minimal. The perfectly matched layer (PML) is used to truncate the boundary. To illustrate the theory, a sinusoidal plane wave and a Gaussian pulse that propagates through a space modeled by locally nonorthogonal grids are used, with the stability of the code examined. The radar cross section of a perfectly conducting cylinder with a thin coating, a large curvature, and/or a sharp edge is calculated using the proposed method, and the result is compared with those using other conventional FDTD methods. It is found that the proposed algorithm is much more efficient than its FDTD counterpart when a complex object is analyzed.
Macrophage cell death and transcriptional response are actively triggered by the fungal virulence factor Cbp1 during H. capsulatum infection

Microbial pathogens induce or inhibit death of host cells during infection, with significant consequences for virulence and disease progression. Death of an infected host cell can either facilitate release and dissemination of intracellular pathogens or promote pathogen clearance. Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular fungal pathogen that replicates robustly within macrophages and triggers macrophage lysis by unknown means. To identify H. capsulatum effectors of macrophage lysis, we performed a genetic screen and discovered three mutants that grew to wild‐type levels within macrophages but failed to elicit host‐cell death. Each mutant was defective in production of the previously identified secreted protein Cbp1 (calcium‐binding protein 1), whose role in intracellular growth had not been fully investigated. We found that Cbp1 was dispensable for high levels of intracellular growth but required to elicit a unique transcriptional signature in macrophages, including genes whose induction was previously associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and host‐cell death. Additionally, Cbp1 was required for activation of cell‐death caspases‐3/7, and macrophage death during H. capsulatum infection was dependent on the pro‐apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the ability of Cbp1 to actively program host‐cell death is an essential step in H. capsulatum pathogenesis.
How Does HIV Affect the Reproductive Choices of Women of Childbearing Age?

The majority of women living with HIV are of childbearing age and many of these women wish to have a family. As a result of advances in the treatment and management of HIV, more reproductive opportunities are now available to this group. However, women living with HIV may still require education and guidance in a range of reproductive situations, including avoiding pregnancy, seeking fertility treatment or having a child. HIV physicians should be aware of recent data and guidance on these situations – including areas where more data are required – and consider them when deciding on appropriate management for their patients.
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF WARM ISCHAEMIA, HYPOTENSION, AND HYPERCARDIA IN PRODUCING RENAL VASOSPASM

SUMMARY The cause of agonal renal spasm in cadaver kidney donors is not well understood but may be related to renal ischaemia, systemic hypotension, or hypercarbia. In these experiments renal vascular resistance was measured in rats using renal venous cannulation and a pressure transducer to record renal blood flow and arterial blood pressure, respectively. It was found that renal ischaemia produced by clamping the renal pedicle for 1 hr was a weak inducer of renal vascular spasm. On the other hand, 1 hr of hypotension (BP, 50 mm Hg) caused a 46% reduction in renal blood flow when measured after the blood pressure had been restored to 100 mm Hg. Prior administration of phenoxybenzamine helped to diminish the vascular spasm, although renal blood flow remained reduced by 24%. Prehydrating the rats with normal saline successfully abolished the spasm and infusion of dopamine (6 μg/kg/min) in saline actually increased the rate of renal blood flow. Hypercarbia produced by inhaling 10 to 20% CO2 caused considerable renal vasospasm in the rats, and blood flow was reduced by 57%. Preadministration of phenoxybenzamine made these rats haemodynamically unstable and resulted in a fall in systemic blood pressure which was unresponsive to blood transfusions. Saline infusion on the other hand helped to prevent the spasm from occurring both during and after the period of hypercarbia. It would appear, therefore, that in rats hypercarbia and hypotension are far more deleterious to renal blood flow than is renal ischaemia alone. Infusions of saline and dopamine were more effective than phenoxybenzamine in preventing vascular spasm under these conditions. Renal vasoconstriction in cadaver kidneys is quite common and may explain why some kidneys with a relatively short ischaemia time function poorly after transplantation. Renal vasospasm with reduction in renal blood flow (RBF) has been shown to occur during the agonal phase in a cadaver kidney donor, although the precise cause has not been determined. After a ventilator “switch off,” the donors' kidneys are exposed to ischaemia, hypotension, and hypercarbia, so we have chosen to study these effects in anaesthetised rats to see what influence they may have individually on RBF. The effect of pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, dopamine, and saline infusions on RBF was also studied.
Design of an extremely wideband quasi-self-complementary pentagonal antenna with WLAN stop band

Design and performance of an extremely wideband quasi-self-complementary pentagonal antenna with wireless local area network (WLAN) stop band have been analyzed in this paper. It consists of a pentagonal shaped radiator with its complementary structure, CPW feed line and two symmetric modified U-shaped slots in the ground plane. It is designed on RT 5880 dielectric material with relative permittivity of 2.2 and thickness of 3.175 mm. The predicated extremely wide impedance bandwidth is 2.78-15.85 GHz, for VSWR <; 2, with a stop band 5.08-6.11 GHz, for VSWR > 2. An extremely wideband is achieved by modifying ground plane and stop band is acquired by inserting slots in the ground structure. The dependence of antenna on the various parameters has been studied and results presented systematically. Significant gain reduction in the stop band is also observed with satisfactory radiation patterns.
What are we Aligning? Implications of a Dynamic Approach to Alignment

Of the hundreds of papers written on alignment, many build on a framework established fifteen years ago, which characterises alignment as a dynamic process operating between four domains. Since then, the organisational and technological landscape has been radically transformed. This paper reviews key concepts in the alignment literature and comments on their development over time, and their ability to reflect current organisational contexts, including blurring of boundaries, and rapid and unpredictable change. It finds that there have been several new developments regarding “how” alignment occurs. However, almost all these developments are grounded in the original four domain model of “what” is being aligned. This paper suggests that some models of alignment could be strengthened by considering alternatives to this four domain model. Drawing on other work on the dynamics of human-technological interaction, some ideas are given as to how this task might be approached.
The Drosophila Z-disc Protein Z(210) Is an Adult Muscle Isoform of Zasp52, Which Is Required for Normal Myofibril Organization in Indirect Flight Muscles*

Background: Several components of Drosophila flight muscles are not characterized. Results: The Z disc protein Z(210) is an adult isoform of Zasp52, and Zasp52 is required for sarcomere structure in adult muscles. Conclusion: Flight muscles utilize a novel Zasp52 isoform. Significance: Drosophila Zasp52 is homologous to human ZASP, which is a disease gene. The Z-disc is a critical anchoring point for thin filaments as they slide during muscle contraction. Therefore, identifying components of the Z-disc is critical for fully comprehending how myofibrils assemble and function. In the adult Drosophila musculature, the fibrillar indirect flight muscles accumulate a >200 kDa Z-disc protein termed Z(210), the identity of which has to date been unknown. Here, we use mass spectrometry and gene specific knockdown studies, to identify Z(210) as an adult isoform of the Z-disc protein Zasp52. The Zasp52 primary transcript is extensively alternatively spliced, and we describe its splicing pattern in the flight muscles, identifying a new Zasp52 isoform, which is the one recognized by the Z(210) antibody. We also demonstrate that Zasp52 is required for the association of α-actinin with the flight muscle Z-disc, and for normal sarcomere structure. These studies expand our knowledge of Zasp isoforms and their functions in muscle. Given the role of Zasp proteins in mammalian muscle development and disease, our results have relevance to mammalian muscle biology.
Health Affairs parity Mission unfulfilled : potholes on the road to mental health

Managed care holds the promise of facilitating parity between general medical care and alcohol, drug, and mental health care by reducing expenditures, even while expanding benefits. Limitations in our knowledge of variations in needs and treatment standards for substance use and psychiatric illnesses make such disorders an easy target for management. Costs for behavioral health care services have been reduced at a faster pace than has been the case for general medical care costs. The most severely ill face the potential burdens of managed care as access and intensity of care become more uniform across patient populations. It i s c o m m o n ly a s s e r t ed t ha t the organizational approaches and strategies of managed behavioral health care (involving capitated payment and utilization management) will allow wiser and more efficient use of resources, thereby facilitating parity with general medical care. Such optimism derives from the large reductions in costs that managed behavioral health care has achieved for public and private employers. In addition, studies of particular employer health plans under behavioral health care carveouts suggest that parity can be achieved with small additional yearly premiums if the structures and strategies for management are in place. The passage of the Mental Health Parity Act in 1996 can be attributed in part to research evidence showing that management strategies could contain costs, even while benefits were expanded. This paper addresses a number of issues that are fundamental to parity but that have not typically been central to discussions of managed care’s impact on spending. First, we examine national trends in behavioral health care spending as a proportion of all health spending. We ask whether there are attributes of mental health practice that have made it an easier target for cost reduction than are other areas of health care. Second, because reductions in costs do not necessarily imply poor care, we make some effort to look into the “black box” of managed care and inquire whether the results of care management strategies appear to be rational. The data are inadequate for answering such questions definitively, but they provide cautionary guides for future monitoring efforts. Third, we focus on the clients with the most serious illnesses and greatest disabilities, and we consider the consequences of managed care for achieving parity for these groups. We examine evidence that managed care strategies “democratize” the provision of services and thus reduce the intensity of care for the sickest patients. We argue that the concept of parity, as typically applied, remains limited. As ordinarily used, parity refers to maintaining the same annual and lifetime benefits, coinsurance arrangements, and limits on hospital days and visits that apply to general medical conditions. Even this ambitious goal is narrow because it fails to account for the 8 ROAD TO
12 W/mm recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-plate FET

A recessed-gate structure was introduced to improve transconductance (gm) and gain characteristics in AlGaN/GaN field-plate (FP) FETs. A maximum gm was improved from 130 to 200 mS/mm by introducing gate recess. Recessed FP-FETs exhibited 3-7 dB higher linear gain as compared with planar FP-FETs. A 1 mm-wide recessed FP-FET biased at a drain voltage of 66 V demonstrated 12.0 W output power, 21.2 dB linear gain, and 48.8 % power added efficiency at 2 GHz. To our knowledge, the power density of 12.0 W/mm is the highest ever achieved for GaN-based FETs.
Rethinking Corporate Federalism in the Era of Corporate Reform

Many commentators have criticized the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as evidence of the creeping federalization of corporate law. In this Article, I argue that a realistic threat of federalization is necessary to ensure the robust development of corporate law at the state level. Because Delaware enjoys a monopoly position in the market for out-of-state incorporations, there is little pressure on the state to shape its laws to increase protections for shareholders and other constituent groups. Only the federal government can credibly serve as a rival to Delaware. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act's impact on Delaware corporate law demonstrates the potential for a dynamic relationship between state and federal regulation of corporate conduct. Recent Delaware court decisions suggest that Delaware's judiciary has begun to respond to the preemptive threat through adjustments to its corporate law jurisprudence. The courts appear to be moving to more restrictive application of the business judgment rule and more vigorous enforcement of officers' and directors' fiduciary duties. This jurisprudential shift demonstrates that Congress can effectively influence state law through legislative measures that do not require complete preemption of state law.