Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of cow cleanliness in different housing systems on somatic cell count in milk

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of the housing system (tie-stall vs free-stall) on cow cleanliness, and the effect of the degree of cow dirtiness on the milk somatic cell count. Over 33% of the cows were found to be clean, with more of them in the free-stall barn. Analysis of the cleanliness of body parts showed that the highest hygiene level was characteristic of the udders and underbelly (scores of 1 for 47% and 56% of the cows, respectively). In the free-stall barn, there were over twice as many cows with clean udders (58%) and almost twice as few cows with very dirty udders. Regardless of the housing system, the degree of udder dirtiness created differences (P ≤ 0.01) in the natural log somatic cell count. The natural log somatic cell count increased from 11.54 to 12.37 on average with increased dirtiness of the udder. Greater differences in the cytological quality of milk were found in cows housed in the free-stall system. When analysing the effect of overall dirtiness of the cows and the body parts on the percentage of SCC classes, it was found that highest quality milk (< 200 000 somatic cells/ml) was produced by clean cows (71.52%). The proportion of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis was found to increase with decreasing cleanliness of the udder, especially in the free-stall system. Overall, the proportion of cows with clinical mastitis increased from 2.51% (clean cows) to 14.29% (dirty cows). Bovines, body cleanliness, milk quality
Cissus quadrangularis Extracts Decreases Body Fat Through Regulation of Fatty acid Synthesis in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice

The current study investigated the anti-obesity effect of Cissus quadrangularsis extracts (CQR-300) and its molecular action mechanism on obese mice induced high-fat diet (HFD). To induce the obesity, mice were fed a HFD for 6 weeks and then fed HFD only or HFD with CQR-300 at 50 and 200 mg/kg. Then, body weight gain and white adipose tissue weights were measured. We investigated the reduction in body fat and the regulation of fatty acid synthesis was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and real-time PCR with Western blot, respectively. In vitro study, CQR-300 inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. The CQR-300 treatment was significantly decreased the body weight gain and adipocytes size as well as white adipose tissues weights in HFD-induced obese mice. Furthermore, CQR-300 reduced the body fat and fat mass with regulating of adipose tissue hormones as leptin. Treatment with 50 mg/kg CQR-300 showed effectively lower expression levels of adipogenesis/lipogenesis related genes and proteins such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in white adipose tissue (WAT) as compared with the HFD fed only mice. These results suggest that the CQR-300 has an anti-obesity effect via inhibition of lipase activity, decrease the body fat mass by regulating the adipogenesis and lipogenesis related genes and proteins in epididymal adipose tissue with evaluate body fat reduce in the HFD-induced obese mice.
β-glucan from mulberry leaves and curcuma can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility in early weaned pigs

ABSTRACT We investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of β-glucans from mulberry leaves and curcuma on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and characteristics of faeces in weaned pigs. A total of 75 crossbred weaned pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 8.48 ± 1.65 kg was used in a 5 wk trial. The pigs were sorted into pens with five pigs per pens and five pens per treatments. Treatments were (1) a corn-soybean meal-based control, (2) 0.1% β-glucans from mulberry leaves, and (3) 0.1% β-glucans from curcuma. Pigs fed β-glucans from mulberry leaves and curcuma had higher average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed intake ratio (G/F) than control. On digestibility, pigs fed β-glucans from mulberry leaves and curcuma had higher on digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy than corn-soybean meal-based control during 2 weeks. No significant differences were observed on blood characteristics and faecal microflora, score, moisture, and pH among treatments. Difference of mulberry leaves and curcuma was not observed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and characteristics of faeces. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of β-glucan from mulberry leaves and curcuma can improve ADG, G/F, and dry matter and energy of nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. Therefore, β-glucans can use as antibiotics alternatives, improving the productivity.
Phosphate Deficiency Increases the Rate Constant of Thermal Dissipation of Excitation Energy by Photosystem II in Intact Leaves of Sunflower and Maize.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants were grown in controlled environment chambers either with adequate supply or no external supply of inorganic phosphate. On the third fully-expanded leaves, chlorophyll fluorescence from photosystem II (PSII) was measured using a modulated fluorescence measuring system at various photon flux densities at room temperature. Phosphate deficiency resulted in an increase in the coefficient of non-photochemical quenching and a decrease in the coefficient of photochemical quenching of variable fluorescence. The efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres and quantum yield of PSII photochemistry were decreased with phosphate deficiency. There was a significant effect of phosphate deficiency on in vivo PSII photochemistry which was independent of changes in thylakoid membrane energisation induced by the actinic light. An increase in the non-photochemical quenching of variable fluorescence with phosphate deficiency was due to an increased rate constant of thermal dissipation of excitation energy by PSII. Analyses of fluorescence signals suggest that phosphate deficiency decreased the rate constant of PSII photochemistry as well as the probability of excitation energy transfer from PSII antenna to PSII reaction centre. These effects were more apparent at low photon flux densities than at high photon flux densities. Regulation of energy transduction in the thylakoid and in vivo PSII activity in response to the physical environment of the plant are important aspects of environmental regulation of photosynthesis.
The Effect of HU308/TGF-β3 Combination on Wound healing, Cell Proliferation and Protein Secretion of MG-63 Osteoblast Monolayers

Despite the ongoing political debate regarding the legality of medical marijuana, clinical investigations of the therapeutic use of cannabinoids are now more prevalent than at any time in history. There are mainly two well-known cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. More recently, endocannabinoids (ligands) and their receptors have been identified in the skeleton which appeared to be physiologically regulated by CB2 receptors, furthermore transforming growth factor-β3 was found to influence bone healing by regulating extracellular matrix synthesis and angiogenesis (1). This study examined the effect of HU308 treatments in combination with TGF-β3 (transforming growth factor beta -3) on wound healing, cell adhesion, cell size and extracellular matrix up regulation of proteins (collagen type I, fibronectin and protein S-100A6) as well as other biological factors such as secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) and nitric oxide (NO). Our results show that combination treatments increased wound closure and decreased cell surface attachment while up regulating MMP-2, and nitric oxide.
Death's Dispensary

114--118 11. Castaldo P, Stratta RJ, Wood RP, et al. Clinical spectrum of fungal infections after orthotopic liver transplantation. Arch Surg 1991;126:149-156 12. Boon AP, Adams DH, Buckels JA, et al. Neuropathological findings in autopsies after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1991;23:1471-1472 13. Woods GL, Goldsmith JC. Aspergillus infection of the central nervous system in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Neuroll990;47:181-184 14. Beal MF, O'Carroll CP, Kleinman GM, et al. Aspergillosis of the nervous system. Neurology 1982;32:473--479 15. Conti DJ, Rubin RH. Infections of the central nervous system in organ transplant recipients. Neurol Clin 1988;6:241260 16. Helm TN, Mazanec D. Disseminated aspergillosis presenting as a skin abscess. Cleve Clin J Med 1990;57:92-94 17. Grossman RI, Davis KR, Taveras TN, et al. Computed tomography of intracranial aspergillosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1981;5:646-650 18. Fujiwara S, Fujino H, Nogami K, et al. Aspergillosis of the sphenoid sinus with cavernous sinus syndrome. Neuroradiology 1989;31:443 19. Dyken ME, Biller J, Yuh WT, et al. Carotid cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus: MRI with pathologic correlation-a case report. Angiology 1990;41 :652657 20. Brandt SJ, Thompson RL, Wenzel RP. Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of an aortic bypass graft and contiguous vertebral osteomyelitis due to aspergillus fumigatus. Am J Med 1985;79: 259-262 21. Goodman ML, Coffey RJ. Stereotactic drainage of aspergillus brain abscess with long-term survival: case report and review. Neurosurgery 1989;24:96-99
Simultaneous Evolution of the Virial Parameter and Star Formation Rate in Molecular Clumps Undergoing Global Hierarchical Collapse

We compare dense clumps and cores in a numerical simulation of molecular clouds (MCs) undergoing global hierarchical collapse (GHC) to observations in two MCs at different evolutionary stages, the Pipe and the G14.225 clouds, to test the ability of the GHC scenario to follow the early evolution of the energy budget and star formation activity of these structures. In the simulation, we select a region that contains cores of sizes and densities similar to the Pipe cores and find that it evolves through accretion, developing substructure similar to that of the G14.225 cloud after ∼1.6 Myr. Within this region, we follow the evolution of the Larson ratio , where is the velocity dispersion and R is the size; the virial parameter α; and the star formation activity of the cores/clumps. In the simulation, we find that as the region evolves, (i) its clumps have and α values first consistent with those of the Pipe substructures and later with those of G14.225; (ii) the individual cores first exhibit a decrease in α followed by an increase when star formation begins; (iii) collectively, the ensemble of cores/clumps reproduces the observed trend of lower α for higher-mass objects; and (iv) the star formation rate and star formation efficiency increase monotonically. We suggest that this evolution is due to the simultaneous loss of externally driven compressive kinetic energy and increase of the self-gravity-driven motions. We conclude that the GHC scenario provides a realistic description of the evolution of the energy budget of the clouds’ substructure at early times, which occurs simultaneously with an evolution of the star formation activity.
Succession in the oak litter microflora in forests at Mesnil-Eglise (Ferage), Belgium

Cultures were made of micro-organisms from samples of oak leaves collected from the deep litter of forests at Mesnil-Eglise (Ferage), Belgium. Pseudomonas I was the main proteolytic micro-organism, but many amylolytic ones were isolated. The species composition and the relative frequency of genera in the microflora (Fungi, Bacteria) of the oak litter changed from December to June. Different stages in litter decomposition could be characterized by clusters of genera. Pseudomonas was the most widespread nitrogen-fixing microbe, and no Azotobacter was detected.
Corrigendum

We thank Dr Russel J. Reiter for helpful suggestions and discussion. We are gratified for critical reading of the manuscript. A.V. S and K.G. are the recipients of Research Associateship and Senior Research Fellowship from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid from Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India (GAP-209) to S.S.
cs . P L ] 2 4 Se p 20 20 Semantics of a Relational λ-Calculus ⋆ ( Extended Version )

We extend the λ-calculus with constructs suitable for relational and functional–logic programming: non-deterministic choice, fresh variable introduction, and unification of expressions. In order to be able to unify λ-expressions and still obtain a confluent theory, we depart from related approaches, such as λProlog, in that we do not attempt to solve higher-order unification. Instead, abstractions are decorated with a location, which intuitively may be understood as its memory address, and we impose a simple coherence invariant: abstractions in the same location must be equal. This allows us to formulate a confluent small-step operational semantics which only performs first-order unification and does not require strong evaluation (below lambdas). We study a simply typed version of the system. Moreover, a denotational semantics for the calculus is proposed and reduction is shown to be sound with respect to the denotational semantics.
Transfer RNAs inhibit Arabidopsis phage-type RNA polymerases

In Arabidopsis and other eudicots, transcription of chloroplast genes is performed by three RNA polymerases: one bacterial-type, plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and two nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerases (NEP = RpoTp and RpoTmp). Previously published data suggested that a switch from NEP to PEP activity occurs during early leaf development due to inactivation of RpoTp by binding of chloroplast tRNA Glu . We have reinvestigated the postulated inhibitory activity of tRNA Glu using an in vitro transcription assay and by studying the binding of plastidial tRNA Glu , tRNA Val , and tRNA Gly to RpoTp,
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SWARMERS IN THE LAMINARIALES (PHAEOPHYCEAE). II. SPERM 1

The ultrastructure of sperm from 13 species in 11 genera of Laminariales collected in the northeast Pacific Ocean is unique in the brown algae. The sperm are elongate, and possess a nucleus, several mitochondria and two or three chloroplasts, but no eyespot. The anterior flagellum bears mastigonemes on the proximal half of its length; a distal “whiplash” portion lacks mastigonemes and is an extension of only the two central singlet microtubules of the axoneme. A peculiar feature of these sperm is the posterior flagellum, which is longer than the anterior flagellum and tapers distally as the doublet microtubules become singlets and decrease in number. This feature contrasts with the laminarialean zoospore, which possesses a short posterior flagellum with the usual “9 + 2” axoneme. The structure of these sperm differs from that reported for Chorda, the sperm of which resembles a primitive brown algal zoospore. The facts support the concept that Chorda is the most primitive member of the Laminariales.
Discriminant analysis for recognition of human face images

In this paper the discriminatory power of various human facial features is studied and a new scheme for Automatic Face Recognition (AFR) is proposed. Using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) of different aspects of human faces in spatial domain, we first evaluate the significance of visual information in different parts/features of the face for identifying the human subject. The LDA of faces also provides us with a small set of features that carry the most relevant information for classification purposes. The features are obtained through eigenvector analysis of scatter matrices with the objective of maximizing between-class and minimizing within-class variations. The result is an efficient projection-based feature extraction and classification scheme for AFR. Soft decisions made based on each of the projections are combined, using probabilistic or evidential approaches to multisource data analysis. For medium-sized databases of human faces, good classification accuracy is achieved using very low-dimensional feature vectors.
OPPORTUNITY AND CONSTRAINT: ORGANIZATIONS’ LEARNING FROM THE OPERATING AND COMPETITIVE EXPERIENCE OF INDUSTRIES

Organizational learning is central to a number of strategic theories. Recent arguments, however, identify risks associated with learning from own experience in the form of overattention to the short term and local conditions. The experience of the industry may offer opportunities for organizational learning that the experience of the organization does not, because industry experience is more varied, and not tied to the path-dependent history of any one organization. We investigate the influence of own experience and of two types of industry experience on the failure rates of U.S. hotel chains. The two types of industry experience are operating experience, which is a discounted sum of the units operated by U.S. hotel chains in the history of the industry, and competitive experience, which is a discounted sum of the number of failures of U.S. hotel chains in the history of the industry. We find that (a) organizations initially benefit from their own experience, but are harmed in the long run, (b) generalist organizations are more weakly affected by their own experience than specialists, (c) organizations benefit from their industry’s operating experience, accumulated both before and after the organization’s entry, and (d) organizations benefit from their industry’s competitive experience, but only after the organization’s entry. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TOWARDS AN ATTENTION-BASED VIEW OF THE FIRM

The central argument is that firm behavior is the result of how firms channel and distribute the attention of their decision‐makers. What decision‐makers do depends on what issues and answers they focus their attention on. What issues and answers they focus on depends on the specific situation and on how the firm’s rules, resources, and relationships distribute various issues, answers, and decision‐makers into specific communications and procedures. The paper develops these theoretical principles into a model of firm behavior and presents its implications for explaining firm behavior and adaptation. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of full-length cytotoxic necrotizing factor CNFY reveals molecular building blocks for intoxication

Cytotoxic necrotizing factors (CNFs) are bacterial single-chain exotoxins that modulate cytokinetic/oncogenic and inflammatory processes through activation of host cell Rho GTPases. To achieve this, they are secreted, bind surface receptors to induce endocytosis and translocate a catalytic unit into the cytosol to intoxicate host cells. A three-dimensional structure that provides insight into the underlying mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we determined the crystal structure of full-length Yersinia pseudotuberculosis CNFY. CNFY consists of five domains (D1-D5), and by integrating structural and functional data we demonstrate that D1-3 act as export and translocation module for the catalytic unit (D4-5) or fused β-lactamase reporter proteins. We further found that domain D4, which possesses structural similarity to ADP-ribosyl transferases, but had no equivalent catalytic activity, changed its position to interact extensively with D5 in the crystal structure of the free D4-5 fragment. This liberates D5 from a semi-blocked conformation in full-length CNFY, leading to higher deamidation activity. Finally, sequence comparisons identified the CNF translocation module in many uncharacterized bacterial proteins, suggesting its usability as a universal drug delivery tool.
Women in the Age of Economic Transformation : Gender Impact of Reforms in Post-Socialist and Developing Countries

Changes are sweeping the world economy and are most apparent in post-socialist Europe and in the developing world. This volume examines the impact these changes are having on women. The authors discuss the evidence of gender bias and reach some telling if unsurprising conclusions. Regardless of the country involved, the findings point to consistent female disadvantage in the transformation process.
Seleção de rizobactérias como promotoras de crescimento em melancia

The plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been found attached to the ground or colonizing the surface of roots in many crops increasing their yield. The aim of this study was to characterize bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of cucurbits and assess their effect on development of watermelon seedlings cv. Crimson Sweet. The strains were isolated and evaluated to the phenotypic characterization and grouping by UPGMA method based on coefficient of Bray-Curtis. The treatments consisted of 44 bacterial strains and the control using a completely randomized design with five replicates. Each strain was inoculated on the seeds with a concentration of 4.5 x 10 -8 CFU.mL -1 for 24 hours. Controls were immersed in distilled and sterilized water at the same time. In 20 days after sowing, it was evaluated the length and dry weight of root and shoot. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of significance level. The dendrogram of the 44 strains showed the formation of 29 clusters with similarity of 80%. The strain UNEB 55 provided an increase in the length and dry weight of shoots and roots of watermelon. The strains UNEB 05, UNEB 27, UNEB 53 and UNEB 57 induced increase in the length of the shoot without deleterious effect on other variables. These results indicate that these strains may be used as plant growth-promoting bacteria in watermelon.
Phototaxis in Anurans: Relation between Intensity and Spectral Preferences

In this study we test hypotheses formulated in previous work on anuran phototaxis by examining six heretofore unstudied species and providing more complete data on two previously studied species. We hypothesize that the fundamental adaptive difference among species is the set-point of their optimum ambient illumination (O.A.I.)-the preferred modal intensity in phototactic tests with white light. When intensities of spectrally dominant light are below the species' O.A.I. animals have a blue color-preference, and when intensities are above the O.A.I. animals choose the ends of the
Asynchronous Binaural Spatial Audition Sensor With 2 × 64 × 4 Channel Output

: This paper proposes an integrated event-based binaural silicon cochlea system aimed at efficient spatial audition and auditory scene analysis. The cochlea chip has a matched pair of digitally-calibrated 64-stage cascaded analog second-order filter banks with 512 pulse-frequency modulated (PFM) address-event representation (AER) outputs. The quality factors (Qs) of channels are individually adjusted by local DACs. The 2P4M 0.35 um CMOS chip consumes an average power of 14 mW including its integrated microphone preamplifiers and biasing circuits. Typical speech data rates are 10 k to 100 k events per second (eps) with peak output rates of 10 Meps. The event timing jitter is 2 us for a 250 mVpp input. It is shown that the computational cost of an event-driven source localization application can be up to 40 times lower when compared to a conventional cross-correlation approach. Abstract— This paper proposes an integrated event-based bin- aural silicon cochlea system aimed at efﬁcient spatial audition and auditory scene analysis. The cochlea chip has a matched pair of digitally-calibrated 64-stage cascaded analog second-order ﬁlter banks with 512 pulse-frequency modulated (PFM) address-event representation (AER) outputs. The quality factors (Qs) of channels are individuallyadjusted by local DACs. The 2P4M 0.35 um CMOS chip consumes an average power of 14 mW including its integrated microphone preampliﬁers and biasing circuits. Typical speech data rates are 10 k to 100 k events per second (eps) with peak output rates of 10 Meps. The event timing jitter is 2 us for a 250 mVpp input. It is shown that the computational cost of an event-driven source localization application can be up to 40 times lower when compared to a conventional cross-correlation approach.