Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INDICADORES DE ALERTA DE LAS CRISIS BANCARIAS

En los ultimos 20 anos se han visto perturbaciones considerables en el sector financiero de muchos paises. Los episodios mas graves han sido tal vez los observados en algunos mercadosemergentes. Los problemas del sistema bancario que comenzaron a mediados de los anos noventa en algunos paises asiaticos (entre ellos Corea, Indonesia y Tailandia) tambien han puesto en evidencia el riesgo de contagio regional. En America Latina se produjeron severas crisis bancarias en Chile y Colombia durantelos anos ochenta, y en Mexico y Venezuela en la primera parte de los anos noventa. Las crisis bancarias, sin embargo, no ocurren solamente en las economias con mercados emergentes. Se han observado profundas perturbaciones del sistema bancario enEstados Unidos a mediados de los * Autorizado por la revista Finanzas & Desarrollo anos ochenta y principios de los noventa,en los paises nordicos a principios de los anos noventa, y mas recientemente en Japon. Es fundamental encontrar indicadores basicos que sirvan de alerta de las crisis bancarias incipientes y comprender la dinamica de estas, sobre todo en el actualcomercio de la globalizacion financiera.
Somatic and Social: Chinese Americans Talk about Emotion

Empirical findings suggest that Chinese and Americans differ in the ways that they describe emotional experience, with Chinese using more somatic and social words than Americans. No one, however, has investigated whether this variation is related to differences between Chinese and American conceptions of emotion or to linguistic differences between the English and Chinese languages. Therefore, in two studies, the authors compared the word use of individuals who varied in their orientation to Chinese and American cultures (European Americans [EA], more acculturated Chinese Americans [CA], and less acculturated CA) when they were speaking English during emotional events. Across both studies, less acculturated CA used more somatic (e.g., dizzy) and more social (e.g., friend) words than EA. These findings suggest that even when controlling for language spoken, cultural conceptions of emotion may shape how people talk about emotion.
Experiences of public health nurses in remote communities during the Great East Japan Earthquake

Aim: Public health nurses (PHNs) provide services to residents during disasters. Understanding PHNs’ experiences in affected areas could redefine PHNs’ roles in public health at a community level and provide valuable suggestions to local government organizations for future mass casualty events. This study aimed to reveal the experiences of local government PHNs working in a rural affected area after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods: An ethnographic approach was used. Data collected from semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and statistical documents, yielded in-depth information regarding the experiences of seven PHNs who were survivors and continued working after the disaster. Results: Three themes were identified; namely, “a local PHN rooted in our town,” “carrying out responsibilities after confirming the family’s safety,” and “being ‘a survivor’ while also not forgetting their roles as ‘a local PHN rooted in our town. ’” PHNs who were not at their workplaces during the disaster felt guilty about being unable to help in the same manner as their colleagues. Information about the safety of their families enabled the PHNs to perform under pressure. Moreover, they could not forget their responsibilities, even though they were also survivors. Conclusion: The experiences of PHNs in the affected areas are important in order to understand the combination of being a professional, a family member, and a survivor, all at once. It is crucial to elicit PHNs’ feelings through self-disclosure, so that they can receive appropriate support (based on gender and their individual situation) from relief personnel.
Escaping the World: High and Low Resolution in Gaming

Advances in graphics have done more than just revolutionize the computer game industry-graphics themselves have come to define the entire industry, surpassing even gameplay as the singular identifying characteristic of all games, regardless of genre. These spectacular developments are even more remarkable when we consider the almost ruthless constraints imposed by an industry needing to deliver high performance to a demanding computer-savvy group of users. A core issue involves low- versus high-resolution graphics. As multimedia technologies continue to mature, the debate between high and low resolution takes on more urgency. What is the most effective way to convey an emotion or information? Is it just pure realism or is it an artistic device? Always searching for the most effective way to provide an immersive experience, game developers still have no consensus on what rendered graphics should really look like. This article provides insight into the game industry as well as discussing this topic in the context of other visual media such as art and film.
Microfluidic biolector—microfluidic bioprocess control in microtiter plates

In industrial‐scale biotechnological processes, the active control of the pH‐value combined with the controlled feeding of substrate solutions (fed‐batch) is the standard strategy to cultivate both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. On the contrary, for small‐scale cultivations, much simpler batch experiments with no process control are performed. This lack of process control often hinders researchers to scale‐up and scale‐down fermentation experiments, because the microbial metabolism and thereby the growth and production kinetics drastically changes depending on the cultivation strategy applied. While small‐scale batches are typically performed highly parallel and in high throughput, large‐scale cultivations demand sophisticated equipment for process control which is in most cases costly and difficult to handle. Currently, there is no technical system on the market that realizes simple process control in high throughput. The novel concept of a microfermentation system described in this work combines a fiber‐optic online‐monitoring device for microtiter plates (MTPs)—the BioLector technology—together with microfluidic control of cultivation processes in volumes below 1 mL. In the microfluidic chip, a micropump is integrated to realize distinct substrate flow rates during fed‐batch cultivation in microscale. Hence, a cultivation system with several distinct advantages could be established: (1) high information output on a microscale; (2) many experiments can be performed in parallel and be automated using MTPs; (3) this system is user‐friendly and can easily be transferred to a disposable single‐use system. This article elucidates this new concept and illustrates applications in fermentations of Escherichia coli under pH‐controlled and fed‐batch conditions in shaken MTPs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 497–505. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S, et al. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008;359(15):1543–54. Epub 2008 Oct 5. Does long-term treatment with tiotropium alter the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1
Chloroplast RNA-binding proteins: Repair and regulation of chloroplast transcripts

Chloroplast RNA metabolism has greatly diverged from the cyanobacterial ancestral state. The number of processing sites per transcript has increased and novel processing steps not found in bacteria have been acquired. Whereas many of the processing steps are essential for chloroplast development, it is unclear why such steps evolved at all. In this article, two hypotheses seeking to explain the complexity of chloroplast RNA metabolism are explored: the genomic debugging hypothesis and the nuclear regulation hypothesis. The nuclear-encoded RNA processing factors underlying these two alternative, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses have very different characteristics. We propose that pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, with high sequence specificity and essential roles in various RNA-processing steps, act largely as genomic debuggers. By contrast, the chloroplast ribonucleoproteins (cpRNP), which are strongly modulated by external and internal stimuli, are suggested to be major players in transducing signals to the chloroplast transcript pool.
STRUCTURE ET DIVERSITE DES COMMUNAUTES DE PICOEUCARYOTES EN MILIEU MARIN

Les picoeucaryotes photosynthetiques marins (cellules < 3 μm) regroupent des organismes distribues dans la plupart des lignees d’algues connues a ce jour. Ils contribuent de facon significative a la biomasse et a la production primaire dans les oceans. Actuellement, seule une quarantaine d’especes de picoeu caryotes a fait l’objet d’une description taxinomique. La repartition de ces especes et leurs contributions respectives a la biomasse chlorophyllienne sont encore tres mal connues. La premiere etape pour passer de la description de la diversite d’un ecosysteme a son ecologie est d’apprehender l’importance relative des especes qui le composent. C'est pourquoi nous avons tente dans un premier temps d'identifier et de quantifier les taxons qui composent la comm unaute picoeucaryotique dans l’environnement. Nous avons ensuite cherche a decrire leurs repartitions dans des regions contrastees de l’Ocean mondial. Tout d'abord, un protocole d’hybridation in situ associe a une amplification du signal fluorescent (FISH-TSA) a ete mis au point afin de denombrer les picoeucaryotes appartenant a un taxon donne dans le milieu naturel a l’aide de sondes moleculaires specifiques. Un jeu de sondes specifiques d’ordres, de genres et d’ especes de Prasinophyceae a par ailleurs ete developpe. A l’aide de ces outils, la diversite et la distribution spatio-temporelle des communautes de picoeucaryotes et plus particulierement des Prasinophyceae ont ete explorees dans des milieux presentant des caracteristiques physico-chimiques variees : mers Arctiques, ocean Indien, Manche. Il est apparu tres clairement que les Pras inophyceae et plus particulierement l’espece Micromonas pusilla dominent dans les eaux cotieres et ce tout au long de l’annee en Manche. La situation est differente dans les zones oligotrophes ou l’on observe une stratification des communautes avec des cellules appartenant a la division des Haptophyta en surface et des cellules appartenant a la Division des Chlorophyta au maximum profond de chlorophylle. Par ailleurs, nos etudes en milieu cotier nous ont permis de mettre en evidence, pour la premiere fois en milieu marin, des organismes photosynthetiques apparentes aux Glaucophyta.
A Bayesian clustering approach for detecting gene-gene interactions in high-dimensional genotype data

Abstract This paper uses a Bayesian formulation of a clustering procedure to identify gene-gene interactions under case-control studies, called the Algorithm via Bayesian Clustering to Detect Epistasis (ABCDE). The ABCDE uses Dirichlet process mixtures to model SNP marker partitions, and uses the Gibbs weighted Chinese restaurant sampling to simulate posterior distributions of these partitions. Unlike the representative Bayesian epistasis detection algorithm BEAM, which partitions markers into three groups, the ABCDE can be evaluated at any given partition, regardless of the number of groups. This study also develops permutation tests to validate the disease association for SNP subsets identified by the ABCDE, which can yield results that are more robust to model specification and prior assumptions. This study examines the performance of the ABCDE and compares it with the BEAM using various simulated data and a schizophrenia SNP dataset.
Experimental evaluation of psychophysical distortion metrics for JPEG-encoded images

Two experiments for evaluating psychophysical distortion metrics for JPEG-encoded images are described. The first is a threshold experiment, in which subjects determined the bit rate or level of distortion at which distortion was just noticeable. The second is a suprathreshold experiment in which subjects ranked image blocks according to perceived distortion. The results of these experiments were used to determine the predictive value of a number of computed image distortion metrics. It was found that mean-square-error is not a good predictor of distortion thresholds or suprathreshold perceived distortion. Some simple point- wise measures were in good agreement with psychophysical data; other more computationally intensive metrics involving spatial properties of the human visual system gave mixed results. It was determined that mean intensity, which is not accounted for in the JPEG algorithm, plays a significant role in perceived distortion.
Genetic divergence and migration patterns in a North American passerine bird: implications for evolution and conservation

Like many other migratory birds, the black‐throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) shows pronounced differences in migratory behaviour and other traits between populations: birds in the southern part of the breeding range have darker plumage and migrate to the eastern Caribbean during the winter, whereas those in the north have lighter plumage and migrate to the western Caribbean. We examined the phylogeography of this species, using samples collected from northern and southern populations, to determine whether differentiation between these populations dates to the Pleistocene or earlier, or whether differences in plumage and migratory behaviour have arisen more recently. We analysed variation at 369 bp of the mitochondrial control region domain I and also at seven nuclear microsatellites. Analyses revealed considerable genetic variation, but the vast majority of this variation was found within rather than between populations, and there was little differentiation between northern and southern populations. Phylogeographic analyses revealed a very shallow phylogenetic tree, a star‐like haplotype network, and a unimodal mismatch distribution, all indicative of a recent range expansion from a single refugium. Coalescent modelling approaches also indicated a recent common ancestor for the entire group of birds analysed, no split between northern and southern populations, and high levels of gene flow. These results show that Pleistocene or earlier events have played little role in creating differences between northern and southern populations, suggesting that migratory and other differences between populations have arisen very recently. The implications of these results for the evolution of migration and defining taxonomic groups for conservation efforts are discussed.
On the Interpretation of Spreadsheets within their Environment

A demonstration in MS Excel to show how users can connect their spreadsheet models to the external environment that the model represents. We employ indexes to generate a list of relevant evidence that is hyperlinked to the context in which the evidence is discussed. The hyperlinks between the index and the contextual discussion have their own specific presentational identity. We contend that these presentational differences aid the integrity and understanding of complex models. Where models are complex, separate individual results can lead to contradictory conclusions. The demonstration includes a methodology for interpreting the analyses within a workbook and presenting them in the form of a standard written report.
Benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of two alpine lakes over the last century: The value of historical data for interpreting environmental changes

Data on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of two alpine lakes in the Tatra Mts (Slovakia) collected in 1914, 1933, 1979–1982, 1993–1997, and 2000 were collated and analysed in an attempt to define their relationship to major environmental events affecting these alpine lakes over the last century. The oldest data were considered an important background before the onset of acidification in one of the lakes in the 1950s, while the most current contain possible information on biological recovery. Results show that data from the 1910s are insufficient to characterize the macroinvertebrate fauna. Deep zone assemblages of both studied lakes have remained stable since the 1930s. Changes in the density of dominant species over time were found in the acidified lake, suggesting a connection between an increase in phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentration. The composition of the littoral assemblages in the acidified lake in the 1930s indicates that the lake was not strongly acidified at that time. A stable composition since the 1980s reflects the ongoing acid stress. Incomplete species data on the non-acidified lake did not allow us to detect possible changes in the littoral fauna related to acidification. Single findings of species indicating a recovery process need longer-term data to confirm such a trend. Results from this study suggest that historical datasets consist of valuable information that can supplement palaeolimnological analyses in the reconstruction of lake ontogeny.
A new method of restoring ETM+ SLC-off images based on multi-temporal images

Regular gaps present on the SLC-off scenes and about 25% data is lost since the failure of the scan line corrector (SLC) in 2003. The data itself preserves good radicalization and geometry performances, and gaps occurred randomly in different images, so it's possible for cross restoration. A new method to restore the SLC-off data using another ETM+ image with near time and same extent is proposed. The first step is to eliminate the affection of “foreign difference” (atmospheric condition, weather, etc) of the two images (image needs restored and image for filling). Transform the image for filling by local relative radiometric normalization. Then convert the image for filling according to nearby spectral-similar pixels by building up a weight that considers both spectral and spatial distance. Experiment result indicates that the method is an effective method for recover ETM+ images and is superior to traditional local regression match approach.
In-situ detection of photoresist failures

In semiconductor manufacturing, the early detection of defects is one of the key factors to increase the yield. The qualitative inspection of the wafer during spin coating has remained limited due to the complexities of the measurement method in the lithography. In this paper, we introduce an optical method for the detection of photoresist failures which has been integrated into spin coating process tools. The detection technique is based on the measurement of light which is broadened at imperfections of the photoresist layer. In this paper, the light path has been analyzed based on geometrical and wave optics. The broadening of the light beam can be mainly attributed to diffraction at trench fields and scattering phenomena and reflection at resist edges, respectively. The analysis helped to reduce the false-detection-rate due to diffraction phenomena and facilitated the calibration of the detection system. The results of the analysis are compared with the output signal from sensor system. The new optical method is a promising technique for an in-situ wafer inspection during the spin coating process.
Swarm-based path-following for cooperative unmanned surface vehicles

This article proposes a swarm-based path-following guidance system for an autonomous marine multi-vehicle system. In particular, a team of unmanned surface vehicles is required to converge to and navigate along a desired reference path, while at the same time aggregating and maintaining a range-based formation configuration. First, a separate description is given for a swarm methodology, initially developed for small ground mobile robots and exploited to aggregate the robot team, and a virtual target–based path-following guidance system developed for unmanned surface vehicles, exploited to drive not the single vehicles but the robot formation as a whole. Then, the integration of the two proposed methodologies is reported and proven, in order to guarantee the feasibility and stability of the overall guidance framework. Simulative results are proposed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and to evaluate the system performances.
Analysing Inter-Areas Oscillations within the Interconnected Power System of Continental Europe using frequency domain simulations and signal analysis based on wide-area measurement data

In this paper, inter area oscillations within the synchronous interconnected power system of Continental Europe are analysed. For this purpose the IFK's entire power grid frequency measurement system is presented. The measuring data is used for validation of simulation models, as well as for signal analyses of electromechanical oscillations. The analyses in this paper are focused on estimating frequencies of oscillation of dominant inter area modes during ambient conditions using a wavelet based method. On the one hand the extension of the synchronous power system to the Turkish system is investigated, on the other hand the impact of power system loading is analysed. With a detailed model of the power system the dominant oscillation modes are determined with enhanced effectiveness and compared to the results based on the measurement data.
Variations in CYP 74 B 2 ( Hydroperoxide Lyase ) Gene Expression Differentially Affect Hexenal Signaling in the Columbia and Landsberg erecta Ecotypes of Arabidopsis 1 [ w ]

The CYP74B2 gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype Columbia (Col) contains a 10-nucleotide deletion in its first exon that causes it to code for a truncated protein not containing the P450 signature typical of other CYP74B subfamily members. Compared to CYP74B2 transcripts in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotype that code for full-length hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) protein, CYP74B2 transcripts in the Col ecotype accumulate at substantially reduced levels. Consistent with the nonfunctional HPL open reading frame in the Col ecotype, in vitro HPL activity analyses using either linoleic acid hydroperoxide or linolenic acid hydroperoxide as substrates show undetectable HPL activity in the Col ecotype and C6 volatile analyses using leaf homogenates show substantially reduced amounts of hexanal and no detectable trans-2-hexenal generated in the Col ecotype. P450-specific microarrays and full-genome oligoarrays have been used to identify the range of other transcripts expressed at different levels in these two ecotypes potentially as a result of these variations in HPL activity. Among the transcripts expressed at significantly lower levels in Col leaves are those coding for enzymes involved in the synthesis of C6 volatiles (LOX2, LOX3), jasmonates (OPR3, AOC), and aliphatic glucosinolates (CYP83A1, CYP79F1, AOP3). Two of the three transcripts coding for aliphatic glucosinolates (CYP83A1, AOP3) are also expressed at significantly lower levels in Col flowers.