Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consciousness and unconsciousness in teaching and learning

This study considers the emerging issue of consciousness in pedagogy both theoretically and practically. It examines why this issue is of fundamental significance for teaching and learning. Basic assumptions are clarified and the psychological and philosophical fundamentals of consciousness theory explored. Some surprising and counter-intuitive conclusions are reached. It is shown that in the partnership between consciousness and unconsciousness the latter is likely to be senior. Consciousness is probably entirely illusory, but is nonetheless probably indispensable, socially and cognitively. The radically different characteristics, capacities and potentials of consciousness and unconsciousness are considered and their roles in learning debated in the light of these radical differences. A distinction is made between learning detail and understanding meaning and it is suggested that one is naturally an unconscious task, the other conscious. The important fundamental pedagogical implications of our deployment of students’ consciousness are debated using as example the teaching of homophone spelling.
The Architecture of eBay Search

The architecture of a large-scale search engine is dependent on the application. In the case of a web search engine, the document collection can be considered to be a constantly growing, but slowly changing, archive. The task is to find and crawl good pages and to index them. The rate of change of these pages can be estimated and the pages re-crawled and re-indexed periodically. Users issue queries, and the results to those queries are likely to be the same from day to day so can be cached. eCommerce, on the other hand, is quite different. The document collection can change very quickly, the results of queries may differ from user to user, and crawling may not be required. In this contribution, we outline the architecture of Cassini, the eBay search engine. eBay tackles a problem quite different from that of a traditional web search and consequently chose to design and build a search engine from scratch and to customize it to the nature of the problem.
High-Resolution X-ray Emission and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

In this review, high-resolution X-ray emission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy will be discussed. The focus is on the 3d transition-metal systems. To understand high-resolution X-ray emission and reso-nant X-ray emission, it is first necessary to spend some time discussing the X-ray absorption process. Section II discusses 1s X-ray absorption, i.e., the K edges, and section III deals with 2p X-ray absorption, the L edges. X-ray emission is discussed in, respectively, the L edges. X-ray emission is discussed in, respec-tively, and section V on 2p3s and 2p3d X-ray emission. Section VI focuses on magnetic dichroism effects, and in section VII selective X-ray absorption experiments are discussed. To limit the scope of this review paper, many related topics (for example, EELS, XPS, and resonant photoemission, phonon-oriented inelastic X-ray scat-tering, and X-ray microscopy) will not be discussed. In addition, many aspects of X-ray absorption, such as reflection experiments, diffraction absorption fine structure, and related experiments, will remain untouched. EXAFS will be discussed very briefly, and its X-ray emission analogue EXEFS 69,71 will not be discussed.
Bipolar-Mode Multibit Soft-Error-Mechanism Analysis of SRAMs by Three-Dimensional Device Simulation

A bipolar-mode multibit soft-error mechanism in static random-access memory (SRAM) devices has been explored by utilizing a 3D device simulation of an inverter constructed with a driver n-MOSFET, a load resistor, and capacitors. Generally, a well tap was not set at every SRAM unit cell so as to increase the packing density. We have introduced a model structure where a p-well for arranging the driver n-MOSFET in a CMOS inverter does not have the well tap in the analyzed cell, and we have studied the inverter action when a drain junction of the n-MOSFET in an OFF-state is hit by an alpha -particle. We found that the p-well is forwardly biased by generated excess carriers. The forward bias at the p-well switches the n-MOSFET from the OFF-to the ON-state, like an on action of an n-p-n transistor, and the output potential of the inverter changes from high to low. This bias change results in a flip on the state of the SRAM unit cell. When a series of n-MOSFETs (or p-MOSFETs) is arranged in the same well and the well tap is not arranged in every unit cell, the switch-on action of the MOSFET is sequentially induced, like a chain reaction. We have developed a multidrain model by adding a p-n junction around the n-MOSFET in the p-well and have successfully demonstrated the chain reaction. In addition, we have demonstrated the soft-error occurrence in an unit cell with the help of circuit simulation. This is the mechanism of multiple soft errors by the bipolar-mode operation. A key factor for evaluating the tolerance of the bipolar-mode soft error is a forwardly biased time at the well (i.e., a well-floating time). The well-floating time (tfloat) is dependent on an initial charge (Qi) in the depletion layer and a resistance (-Rwell) between the well and the tap. The tfloat has been precisely analyzed as functions of Qi and -Rwell, and a critical charge, defined by Qi over which the memory state is flipped, has been clarified for single-and two-bit errors.
An Analysis and Comparison of Various Missing Data Imputation Tools and Techniques

—The missing data and noisy data are common in a data set and the finding the effect it causes on the accuracy is very important to be determined. In statistics, missing data, or such values, occur when no data value is assigned for a field in a dataset. Missing data are a common occurrence and can have a significant effect on the conclusions that can be drawn from the data given or taken from warehouses. Missing data reduce the representativeness of the sample and can therefore distort/deviate inferences & conclusions about the population. This study aims at calculating the effect of missing values on Naïve Bayes algorithm by using two data sets that are lymphoma and breast cancer. The values are skipped in certain order of both the data set and accuracy is computed and results were compared in a table. Naïve Bayes is based on probalistic model.
Application of high impedance antennas in low cost ISM wireless chips

In case of integrated digital radio chips devoted to low cost, licence free short range radio systems the necessary bill of material and the battery life are one of the most important issues. The targeted RF power level determines whether a low or a high Q output architecture (output driver stage+optional matching+antenna) gives better result. It is shown that in case of the most commonly used radiated power ranges (-20.+10 dBm) for this radios, the high impedance configuration is advantageous. The high Q configuration is applied in a general purpose 0.6 mum BiCMOS transmitter chip operating in the 315, 434, 868 and 915 MHz bands. Novell printed high Q antenna topologies ad matching network are presented as well.
The path index for query processing on RDF and RDF schema

In the semantic Web, metadata and ontology plays important roles for advanced information retrieval systems. A large amount of RDF documents for describing metadata and RDF Schema documents for representing ontology is made available. Therefore, many studies to store and query metadata and ontology in RDF and RDF Schema are required. Unlike XML, RDF and RDF Schema express information resources and semantic associations between resources on the Web. And these documents can be represented based on graph model. To retrieve efficiently RDF data, the schematic information defined by RDF Schema and methods for querying by using path expressions are required. For these necessities, we define query patterns to retrieve RDF data in RDF and RDF Schema. Then for retrieving those query patterns efficiently, we extract path expressions in RDF and RDF Schema graph models and construct indexing structures based on path expressions
Fuzzy controller with neighborhood zone for obstacles avoidance applied to a differential robot

Obstacle avoidance and trajectory minimization are the main concerns in mobile robotics navigation. Motivated by these demands fuzzy logic controller using neighborhood zone is firstly investigated in this paper. In fact, the robot based on our approach has no knowledge of its environment but is able to perceive its neighborhood taken into account the assumption of all obstacles which are static and have different kinds of square form. In the face of a bloc of obstacle, seen as a surface, the controller make use of the solid angle, the direction and the distance measurements to compute the necessary signal that allows the robot to avoid it and continue his way to reach its final destination with optimal trajectory. Simulation result proves the effectiveness of our proposed technique in join obstacles avoidance and trajectory optimization compared to the used fuzzy in the literature.
Metal and polymer-mediated synthesis of porous crystalline hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for environmental remediation

This study was focused on the preparation of metal and polymer-mediated porous crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposites for environmental applications. Four different nano HAp systems were synthesized, namely, microwave irradiated HAp (M1), Zn doped HAp (M2), Mg-doped HAp (M3) and sodium alginate incorporated HAp (M4), and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. Systems M1–M4 showed morphologies similar to coral shapes, polymer-like interconnected structures, sponges and feathery mycelium assemblies. Using XRD, selected area electron diffraction patterns and 1H and 31P CP/MAS solid-state NMR studies, crystallinity variation was observed from highest to lowest in the order of M4 > M1 > M3 > M2. Surface area estimates using BET isotherm reflected the highest surface area for M3, and M1 > M2 > M4. Four systems of M1–M4 were used as potential adsorbent materials for the removal of metal containing azo dye from aqueous system. Adsorption data were correlated to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. According to the results, the highest capacity of 212.8 mg g−1 was exhibited by M4 having mycelium like morphology with alginate groups. This study highlights the possibility of developing HAp nanocomposites for the effective removal of dye contaminants in the environment.
Two-pulse laser control for selective photofragment orientation

The nuclear wave packet dynamics in the potential well of a bound molecule can be controlled by an intense infrared (IR)-laser pulse. The phase of the nuclear wave packet motion is shown to depend on the phase of the laser field and the initial orientation of the molecule. We demonstrate, for diatomic heteronuclear molecules, that these spatial effects can be used to control the angular distribution of photofragments by selective dissociation of molecules with a given initial orientation from a sample of randomly oriented molecules.
Contextual Distribution for Textual Alignment

Our program compares French and Italian translations of Homer’s Odyssey, from the XVIth to the XXth century. We focus on the third point, showing how distributional semantics systems can be used both to improve alignment between different French translations as well as between the Greek text and a French translation. Although we focus on French examples, the techniques we display are completely language independent. Keywords—Translation studies, machine translation, computational linguistics, distributional semantics.
The role of demography, intra-species variation, and species distribution models in species' projections under climate change

Organisms are projected to shift their distribution ranges under climate change. The typical way to assess range shifts is by species distribution models (SDMs), which predict species’ responses to climate based solely on projected climatic suitability. However, life history traits can impact species’ responses to shifting habitat suitability. Additionally, it remains unclear if differences in vital rates across populations within a species can offset or exacerbate the effects of predicted changes in climatic suitability on population viability. In order to obtain a fuller understanding of the response of one species to projected climatic changes, we coupled demographic processes with predicted changes in suitable habitat for the monocarpic thistle Carlina vulgaris across northern Europe. We first developed a life history model with species-specific average fecundity and survival rates and linked it to a SDM that predicted changes in habitat suitability through time with changes in climatic variables. We then varied the demographic parameters based upon observed vital rates of local populations from a translocation experiment. Despite the fact that the SDM alone predicted C. vulgaris to be a climate ‘winner’ overall, coupling the model with changes in demography and small-scale habitat suitability resulted in a matrix of stable, declining, and increasing patches. For populations predicted to experience declines or increases in abundance due to changes in habitat suitability, altered fecundity and survival rates can reverse projected population trends.
Novel Poly-Si SJ-LDMOS for System-on-Panel Applications

A superjunction lateral doubled-diffused MOSFET (SJ-LDMOS) that is based on thin-film transistor technology is proposed. To optimize the breakdown voltage (VBD) and specific ON-resistance (RSP), a new structure called TRI-SJ LDMOS, with a triangular p-pillar and an extended trapezoidal n+ region, was designed. The TRI-SJ LDMOS has not only a better VBD than the conventional SJ LDMOS structure on account of its more uniform electric field distribution in the OFF-state, but also a lower RSP on account of the higher current flow in the ON-state. Accordingly, the excellent high-voltage performance of the new polycrystalline silicon TRI-SJ LDMOS makes it a promising candidate for system-on-panel applications.
The mother of all protocols: restructuring quantum information’s family tree

We give a simple, direct proof of the ‘mother’ protocol of quantum information theory. In this new formulation, it is easy to see that the mother, or rather her generalization to the fully quantum Slepian–Wolf protocol, simultaneously accomplishes two goals: quantum communication-assisted entanglement distillation and state transfer from the sender to the receiver. As a result, in addition to her other ‘children’, the mother protocol generates the state-merging primitive of Horodecki, Oppenheim and Winter, a fully quantum reverse Shannon theorem, and a new class of distributed compression protocols for correlated quantum sources which are optimal for sources described by separable density operators. Moreover, the mother protocol described here is easily transformed into the so-called ‘father’ protocol whose children provide the quantum capacity and the entanglement-assisted capacity of a quantum channel, demonstrating that the division of single-sender/single-receiver protocols into two families was unnecessary: all protocols in the family are children of the mother.
Model reduction of T-S fuzzy systems with time-varying delays

This paper investigates the model approximation problem for the T-S fuzzy system with time-varying delays. For a given high-order system, the purpose is to obtain the reduced-order model which approximates the original one well with a prescribed error performance. Based on the reciprocally convex technique, a new asymptotic stability condition is proposed for the corresponding error system with a given error performance. Then, the reduced-order model is obtained on the basis of the projection approach, which transforms the model approximation into a sequential minimization problem subject to linear matrix inequality constraints by employing the cone complementary linearization algorithm.
Combination of block diagonalization and THP transmit filtering for downlink beamforming in multi-user MIMO systems

In this paper we compare three spatial multiplexing techniques suitable for the use in the multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU MIMO) downlink. The first one is a linear method called bloek diagonalization (BD) and is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD). The second one is Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding Transmit Wiener Filtering (THF' TxWF). The third one is a new technique that combines the advantages of BD and THP transmit filtering. We investigate the influence of different degrees of channel state information at the transmitter on their bit error performance. We show that the combination of THP TxWF for single-antenna nsers and BD for multiple-antenna nsers can improve the overall system performance and has better bit error performance with perfect as well as imperfect channel state information at the transmitter.
Growth Effects of Caffeic Acid and Thioglycolic Acid Modified Chitosans in U937 Cells

Chitosan is a biopolymer composed of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine. Solubility and viscosity pose problems in some applications. These problems can be overcome with unique modifications. In this study, firstly, chitosan was modified by caffeic acid and thioglycolic acid, separately. Then, growing effects of these modified polymers was observed in U937 cell line. Caffeic acid is a phenolic compound and its modifications act carcinogenic inhibitors in drugs. Thiolated chitosans are commonly being used for drugdelivery systems in various routes, because of enhancing mucoadhesiveness property. U937 cell line was used model cell for leukaemia. Modifications were achieved by 1 – 15 % binding range. Increasing binding ratios showed higher radical-scavenging activity and reducing cell growth, in compared to native chitosan. Caffeic acid modifications showed higher radical-scavenging activity than thiolated chitosans at the same concentrations. Caffeic acid and thioglycolic acid modifications inhibited growth of U937, effectively. Keywords—Chitosan, U937 cell, caffeic acid, thioglycolic acid
Food Additives & Contaminants : Part A

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Effect of Harvesting Date and Variety of Date Palm on Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera)

The effect of date palm variety and harvesting date on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of seven varieties of date palm fruits collected at different maturation stages obtained from date palm farms located in the Jericho area of the Jordan valley was investigated in this study. During different harvesting times (from June to September 2011), total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity varied between 13.75-231.40 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 1.72-9.6 mg catechin equivalents, and 142.0-719.3 µmol Trolox equivalents per 100 g dry weight sample for the seven varieties of date palm, respectively. Pearson correlation indicated that there is a strong significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, as well as between antioxidant capacity and total flavonoid content for all date palm varieties investigated in this study. It is expected that these results will be useful to farmers particularly in their selection of harvesting time of the date palm fruits with high content of the bioactive compounds to meet the increasing demand on such healthy products.
Plasma membrane-derived vesicles in sickle cell disease: a possible indicator of the continuous endothelial stimulation and/or injury to blood cells

Plasma membrane-derived vesicles (PMVs) are released into circulation in response to normal and stress/pathogenic conditions. They are of tremendous significance for the prediction, diagnosis, and observation of the therapeutic success of many diseases. Knowledge of their functional properties would contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms leading to various diseases in which their levels are raised. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the levels of PMVs in sickle cell disease patients (Hb SS and Hb SC) with non-sickle cell (Hb AA) subjects. The comparison will help us research and understand the processes that lead to their constitutive release in sickle cell disease patients than in their normal counterparts. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) sickle cell disease patients (study group) and blood donors (control group) that consented to partake in the study were recruited. There were 82 males and 68 females. Fifty (50) each of Hb SS, Hb SC and Hb AA samples were obtained. Sodium metabisulphite (sickling) test, Haemoglobin electrophoresis and quantification of PMVs were carried out on all the samples. The sickle cell disease patients had elevated levels; SS (38.89 ± 0.73 × 10 4 /ml; p= 0.01) and SC (32.62 ± 1.18 × 10 4 /ml; p = 0.01) as against the control subjects (Hb AA) who had average PMVs of 11.28 ± 0.29 × 10 4 /ml PFP (mean ± SEM). It was concluded that both SS and SC (study) samples showed an increased count of PMVs as compared to the AA (control) samples, suggesting persistent endothelial stimulation and/or injury of blood cells leading to continuous shedding of PMVs in sickle cell disease patients.
BRAFV 600 E Mutation Testing in Fine Needle Aspirates of Thyroid Nodules : Potential Value of Real-Time PCR

The BRAFV600E mutation is a valuable adjunctive diagnostic tool to ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA). The objective of this study was to investigate the potential value of realtime PCR to detect BRAFV600E mutation. This study included 447 thyroid nodules in 420 patients who underwent US-FNA and BRAFV600E mutation analysis using dual priming oligonucleotide-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (DPO-PCR) and real-time PCR. We calculated and compared the diagnostic performances of DPO-PCR and real-time PCR to detect BRAFV600E mutation in the thyroid nodules. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to quantify the cut-off value of the Ct values of BRAFV600E mutation on real-time PCR. Optimal thresholds were determined (Youden index). We also compared the diagnostic performances between DPO-PCR and real-time PCR after applying the cut-off value on real-time PCR. Sensitivity, accuracy, and NPV were significantly higher in real-time PCR than DPO-PCR. When the optimal cut-off value of 32.4 at Ct values of BRAFV600E mutation was adjusted on real-time PCR, sensitivity was 66.2% and specificity was 100%. Sensitivity, accuracy, and NPV of real-time PCR were also significantly higher than DPO-PCR. In contrast, specificity and PPV were not significantly different between DPO-PCR and real-time PCR. Real time PCR can be a promising diagnostic method in detecting BRAFV600E mutation using optimal cut-off value.