Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Read, write, laugh and learn: A student’s perspective

In the United States, many doctoral students in nursing have not had the grounding in philosophy that other educational traditions require. The introduction of philosophical thought, both historical and current, is often unwelcome and uncomfortable for the novice who is accustomed to a pragmatic discipline. Educational methods that allow for exploration of a kind that engages the student are therefore essential to facilitate the formation of a philosophical foundation for the education and future research endeavours of the doctoral student in nursing. This paper documents one student’s experience of that process and what she found to be useful in her own first attempts at understanding.
A robust affine projection algorithm with feedback compensation of the condition number

In this paper we propose a robust affine projection algorithm (APA) which enforces the control of the regularization parameter based on the feedback of the condition number (CN) of the matrix inversion required to implement the AP algorithm. The CN-based regularization helps reducing the EMSE, and may also bound the inversion errors introduced in finite precision computations. The CN is determined via a computationally efficient method, resulting in little additional computational cost over the standard APA. Simulations show that when the input signal is highly colored, the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard ∈-APA with fixed regularization, as well as other recently proposed APA variants.
Why Do Consumers Buy Counterfeit Luxury Brands?

This research demonstrates that consumers’ desire for counterfeit luxury brands hinges on the social motivations (i.e., to express themselves and/or to fit in) underlying their luxury brand preferences. In particular, the authors show that both consumers’ preferences for a counterfeit brand and the subsequent negative change in their preferences for the real brand are greater when their luxury brand attitudes serve a social-adjustive rather than a value-expressive function. In addition, consumers’ moral beliefs about counterfeit consumption affect their counterfeit brand preferences only when their luxury brand attitudes serve a value-expressive function. Finally, the authors demonstrate that the social functions served by consumers’ luxury brand attitudes can be influenced by elements of the marketing mix (e.g., product design, advertising), thus enabling marketers to curb the demand for counterfeit brands through specific marketing-mix actions.
A Comparative Assessment of the Size of the Frontal Air Sinus in the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)

The current study examines the frontal air sinus of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cranium with the aim of evaluating previously offered hypotheses as to why they have such an atypically voluminous frontal sinus relative to other artiodactyls. To date, no quantification of the frontal sinus in the adult or developing giraffe has been undertaken or compared to other artiodactyl species. Crania from eight species of adult artiodactyls, and giraffes varying in age from newborn to adult, were studied using CT scans to provide a volumetric assessment of the frontal sinus. Sinus volume was strongly correlated to cranial mass in the male giraffe ontogenetic series. The adult giraffe of both sexes were found to possess a far larger than predicted sinus volume relative to the relationship between frontal sinus volume and cranial mass observed in the other adult artiodactyls. Our results suggest that the volume of the frontal sinus in the giraffe is likely to be unique among artiodactyls, and the potential function and evolution we consider in light of several previously articulated hypotheses. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marketing the Leisure Experience to Baby Boomers and Older Tourists

Tourism is big business, especially for the increasing numbers of baby boomers who are becoming increasingly targeted by marketers and travel companies as a growing market. This is because many baby boomers are healthier, financially well off, better educated and have a greater desire for novelty, escape and authentic experiences than previous cohorts of retirees. The baby boomer generation is a prime example of a niche market firmly embracing the notion that the next wave of successful tourism businesses will be those geared towards the experience economy. In recent years, ‘boomers’ have demonstrated that they are willing participants in new and adventurous forms of leisure and are opting for more physically challenging and ‘adrenalin driven’ experiences. Because of this emerging trend, marketing campaigns need to be tailored to emphasize the leisure experience and to include actual statements from older people based on their perceived feelings about the tourism experience. In seeking to bring greater attention to this issue, this article seeks to first detail the changing leisure interests of today's older tourists before concluding with a discussion of key marketing considerations for this growing cohort group.
Research on Applications of Human Resource Information System in SMEs

Nowadays, information technology and human resource management unite together more and more closely. Human resources information systems can play an important role in the modern enterprise management. But there are many problems in the application of human resource information systems in Chinese SMEs, including information content, information management, system evaluation, etc. We should take some measures to improve SMEs' human resources information system applications in China.
Surgical pneumatization through maxillary sinus wall and the schneiderian membrane: A new technique to facilitate augmentation of the maxillary sinus

A minimum subantral bone height in the posterior maxilla may require a bone augmentation where a sinus lift procedure is the most commonly used technique, either preceding or simultaneously with the implant installation. While elevating the Schneiderian membrane ruptures are common, possibly resulting in less bone formation. In this paper, we propose the surgical pneumatization of the Schneiderian membrane as a new technique to minimize the risk of such complications. This can be achieved mainly by creating a hole for the immediate and increased passage of air through the Schneiderian membrane and the maxillary sinus wall above the region of augmentation.
Evolution of the postoperative pericardial effusion after day 15: the problem of the late tamponade.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate, through clinical and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) follow-up, the natural history of persistent pericardial effusion (PE) after postoperative day 15 in patients who were given and were not given anticoagulant therapy. DESIGN AND PATIENTS We retrospectively studied a cohort of 1,277 patients who were hospitalized between May 1997 and May 1999 in our center a mean (+/- SD) time period of 15 +/- 3 days after undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (856 patients) or valve replacement (VR) surgery (421 patients). MEASUREMENTS TTE was performed on mean (+/- SD) postoperative day 20 +/- 1 (TTE(1)) and postoperative day 30 +/- 2 (TTE(2)). PE severity was classified on a scale from grade 1 to grade 4. RESULTS On postoperative day 20 +/- 1, PE was present in 22% of the 1,277 patients and was more frequent after patients underwent CABG surgery than after undergoing VR surgery (25% vs 17%, respectively; p < 0.01). On postoperative day 30 +/- 2, the overall incidence of late tamponade in patients with PE was 4%. The incidence increased with the severity grade of PE at TTE(1) (p < 0.001). The negative predictive value of a severity grade < 2 at TTE(1) for late tamponade was 100%. Late tamponade incidence was higher after VR surgery than after CABG surgery (11% vs 2%, respectively; p < 0.01), and was higher in patients who had received anticoagulation therapy than in those who had not (8% vs 2%, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Persisting PE is common after postoperative day 15 and is more frequent after undergoing CABG surgery than after undergoing VR surgery. The incidence of late tamponade is usually underestimated, and it increases with the presence of VR, anticoagulation therapy, and/or higher postoperative TTE severity grade. Our data suggest that only patients with a PE severity grade of >/= 2 (< 10% of patients) require TTE follow-up after postoperative day 20.
Transnational tobacco industry promotion of the cigarette gifting custom in China

Objective To understand how British American Tobacco (BAT) and Philip Morris (PM) researched the role and popularity of cigarette gifting in forming relationships among Chinese customs and how they exploited the practice to promote their brands State Express 555 and Marlboro. Methods Searches and analysis of industry documents from the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library complemented by searches on LexisNexis Academic news, online search engines and information from the tobacco industry trade press. Results From 1980–1999, BAT and PM employed Chinese market research firms to gather consumer information about perceptions of foreign cigarettes and the companies discovered that cigarettes, especially prestigious ones, were gifted and smoked purposely for building relationships and social status in China. BAT and PM promoted their brands as gifts by enhancing cigarette cartons and promoting culturally themed packages, particularly during the gifting festivals of Chinese New Year and Mid-Autumn Festival to tie their brands in to festival values such as warmth, friendship and celebration. They used similar marketing in Chinese communities outside China. Conclusions BAT and PM tied their brands to Chinese cigarette gifting customs by appealing to social and cultural values of respect and personal honour. Decoupling cigarettes from their social significance in China and removing their appeal would probably reduce cigarette gifting and promote a decline in smoking. Tobacco control efforts in countermarketing, large graphic warnings and plain packaging to make cigarette packages less attractive as gifts could contribute to denormalising cigarette gifting.
The E180splice mutation in the GHR gene causing Laron syndrome: Witness of a Sephardic Jewish exodus from the Iberian Peninsula to the New World?

Laron syndrome (LS) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene. The most frequent GHR mutation is E180splice (rs121909360), which was initially found in an inbred population of Spanish descent in Ecuador and subsequently in Israel, Brazil, Chile, and the United States. The aim of the present study is to determine if the E180splice mutation arose from a common origin. We studied 22 patients with LS from Ecuador, Israel (of Moroccan origin), Brazil, Chile, and the United States (of Mexican origin) who were homozygous for the E180splice mutation and compared them to control individuals for markers surrounding the GHR, intragenic polymorphisms, and Y‐chromosome STR. An identical haplotype was found in all but one of the subjects carrying the E180splice mutation: D5S665: 150/150; D5S2082: 192/192; D5S2087: 246/246; rs6179 G/G; and rs6180 C/C. One patient differed from the others only at D5S2082 (168/192). This haplotype is rare (∼1%) in control individuals and confirmed that the E180splice‐associated haplotype was not derived from independent origins but represented recombination from a common ancestor. The analysis of paternal lineage markers showed that 50% belong to haplogroup R1b (found in Portugal and Spain) and 40% to haplogroups J and E (typical in the Middle East and in Eastern European Jews). The germline E180Splice mutation appears to have originated from a single common ancestor. The presence of Y‐chromosome markers associated with Sephardic populations in persons harboring the E180splice mutation provides genetic evidence in support of the historical tracking of the exodus of this specific population. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N,N′-Bis[(E)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzylidene]ethane-1,2-diamine

The title compound, C22H28N2, which is a double imine derived from ethane-1,2-diamine and mesityl aldehyde, has crystallographic inversion symmetry, with both C=N bonds E configured. The dihedral angle between the mesityl ring system and the imide functional group is 23.89 (17)°.
A Study of Enterprise Independent Innovation and Multi-Element Financing

Government, business and financial systems all have an impact on capacity of independent innovation. Accordingly, build a Multi-element Funding model and test model's validity. Use artificial neural network model to evaluate and predicate the capability of independent innovation. It should consolidate the dominant position of enterprise independent innovation, strengthening the government's guiding role and encourage financial institutions and other external investors through the formulation of relevant policies.
2-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoic acid

The crystal structure of the title compound, C11H9NO4, consists of infinite one-dimensional polymeric chains due to intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the carboxylate and carbonyl groups. The phthalimide ring system and the C—COO group are planar, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0253 and 0.0067 Å, respectively, from their mean square planes and the dihedral angle between them is 66.41 (7)°. The molecules are stabilized by C=O⋯π interactions and weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
How "born global" SMEs are born: small emergent country cases

Technology start-ups able to globalize from inception in the literature are called “born global” (BG) companies. The paper aims to study the internationalization trajectories of BGs in the developing entrepreneurial ecosystem framework of the emerging knowledge economy. We suppose that value system and networks of BGs are the part of general entrepreneurial ecosystem and the factors leading to early internationalization are new market conditions, technological advantages and entrepreneurial learning. The three case studies demonstrate the different globalization trajectories of start-ups depending on the maturity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. For the conclusion has been proposed that shortening of start-up period, growing number of success stories and growing intensity of start-up creation indicate the maturity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
International Financial Architecture: Have we done enough to set it right? 1

A financial crisis is a learning experience. Traditionally, each new episode has revealed new sources of vulnerability particularly in the sphere of domestic policies. In more recent years cracks have also appeared in both domestic financial architecture and international financial markets, extending the debate on international financial architecture (IFA) in the process. Our role is to attempt to extract lessons from such crises in order to put the necessary safeguards and systems into place. However, such measures cannot act as a guarantee that a new crisis will not manifest itself in some new form. As my previous speaker pointed out, although we now know that macro-stability is not enough, there was a time when this was widely believed to be a panacea to a crisis. Subsequent crises have revealed the problems of contagion and herding and now also micro-factors such as the health of the balance sheets of the domestic financial system.
Aged care nurses’ job control influence satisfaction and mental health

BACKGROUND Relationships exist between aged care nurses' perceptions of psychosocial work characteristics, job satisfaction and mental health, suggesting these characteristics may be important for the management of aged care services. AIM An expanded demand-control-support model that included justice perceptions was examined to determine its impact on multiple types of psychological and organisational well-being outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction, psychological distress and depression). METHOD Data were collected from a sample of 173 aged care nurses using a self-report survey and analysed using hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS A significant proportion (27-28%) of the variance in aged care nurses' satisfaction, depression and psychological distress was explained by the psychosocial factors included in the model. Job control had the most consistent impact with direct effects on job satisfaction, psychological distress and depression. Informational justice was associated with both psychological distress and depression. CONCLUSIONS Targeting job control may provide the biggest response for nurse managers in aged care, as it is likely to influence nurses' job satisfaction, psychological distress and depression. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Facility managers should implement organisational policies and procedures that promote higher levels of control over how nurses perform their work in order to improve nurse well-being in aged care settings.
Traffic forecasts under uncertainty and capacity constraints

Traffic forecasts provide essential input for the appraisal of transport investment projects. However, according to recent empirical evidence, long-term predictions are subject to high levels of uncertainty. This article quantifies uncertainty in traffic forecasts for the tolled motorway network in Spain. Uncertainty is quantified in the form of a confidence interval for the traffic forecast that includes both model uncertainty and input uncertainty. We apply a stochastic simulation process based on bootstrapping techniques. Furthermore, the article proposes a new methodology to account for capacity constraints in long-term traffic forecasts. Specifically, we suggest a dynamic model in which the speed of adjustment is related to the ratio between the actual traffic flow and the maximum capacity of the motorway. As an illustrative example, this methodology is applied to a specific public policy that consists of suppressing the toll on a certain motorway section before the concession expires.
The Attitude‐Behaviour Relationship and Usage Effect in the White Wine Market

This research evaluates attitude — behaviour relationships in the wine market by examining consumer attitudes towards six brands of white wine. This is done using a Likert style questionnaire, including brand ‘usage’ questions on a sample of 110 respondents who are a representative sample of wine consumers. The research evaluates consumer attitudes towards brand attributes, and examines the relationship they have with the usage patterns and market share of the brands. The research is a replication with extension of Ehrenberg's studies, in that a scaling technique to examine the strength of the attributes is used to further examine the attitude‐behaviour relationships. The results of the study find support for Ehrenberg's theory that there is a strong relationship between brand usage and positive attitudes towards the brand, and current brand usage and claimed intentions to buy in the future. Furthermore, there is a pattern of Double Jeopardy showing that among users, positive attitudes are fewer for small brands than big brands. The use of the scaling technique did not obtain more significant detailed information than previously used ‘free choice’ methods. The overriding managerial implication is the importance to generate actual brand ‘trial’ not simply create an image.
Requirement for a Microbial Consortium To Completely Oxidize Glucose in Fe(III)-Reducing Sediments

In various sediments in which Fe(III) reduction was the terminal electron-accepting process, [14C]glucose was fermented to 14C-fatty acids in a manner similar to that observed in methanogenic sediments. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in Fe(III)-reducing sediments, fermentable substrates are oxidized to carbon dioxide by the combined activity of fermentative bacteria and fatty acid-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.
How does residual water affect the solid-state degradation of drugs in the amorphous state?

It is widely recognized in the pharmaceutical field that exposure of solid drugs (small molecules or proteins) to high relative humidity and the resulting association of water vapor with the solid generally accelerate the rate of chemical degradation.1 Although there are true solid-state reactions that take place only in the crystalline state or to a much lesser extent in the liquid or solution state than in the crystal,2,3 most instabilities observed for drugs occur in solution much more readily than in the solid state; when they do occur over practical time scales in the solid state, it is very likely that the reaction is taking place in the more disordered amorphous regions of the solid.4 Indeed, it has been shown in a number of cases that under otherwise identical conditions reactivity of a particular substance in the amorphous state is greater than that in the crystalline state.5-8 Generally, for reactions occurring in the amorphous solid state, the rate of reactivity increases with increasing water content, and this can be attributed to the ability of the amorphous solid to absorb water vapor into its bulk structure, forming an amorphous solution.9,10 In a few cases it has been reported that a certain amount of water must be present to ensure chemical stability, e.g., lipid peroxidation rates decrease with the addition of small amounts of water;11,12 however, a destabilizing effect of absorbed water is more generally the case for the major types of drug degradations, e.g., hydrolysis, oxidation, or deamidation. An examination of the literature indicates that discussions concerning solid-state reactivity in the amorphous state have followed along two lines. In some work correlations appear to exist between the rate of reactivity and the glass transition temperature, Tg, strongly supporting the role of water as a plasticizer in facilitating chemical reactivity by increasing molecular mobility.13,14 In other studies, a lack of correlation with Tg and reactivity well below Tg has been shown to occur, and there also appears to be a better correlation of reactivity with water activity, aw, defined as: aw ) p/po (1)
Quantification of hardness, elasticity and viscosity of the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis using a novel sensing device (Vesmeter): a proposal for a new outcome measurement procedure.

OBJECTIVES No objective method to measure skin involvement in SSc has been established. We developed a novel method using a computer-linked device to simultaneously quantify physical properties of the skin such as hardness, elasticity and viscosity. METHODS Skin hardness was calculated by measuring the depth of an indenter pressed onto the skin. The Voigt model was used to calculate skin elasticity, viscosity, visco-elastic ratio and relaxation time by analysing the waveform of skin surface behaviour. The results were compared with the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) obtained at 17 sites on the bodies of 20 SSc patients and 20 healthy controls. A functional assessment questionnaire was administered to determine how skin hardness represents a patient's disability. We also examined intra- and inter-observer variability to determine the reliability of this method. RESULTS The crude hardness obtained with this device correlated well with the standard hardness specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM, r = 0.957). A close relationship between hardness and total mRSS was also observed (r = 0.832). Skin elasticity correlated positively, and relaxation time negatively with mRSS. Functional disability correlated more closely with skin hardness (r = 0.643) than with mRSS (r = 0.517). Intra- and inter-observer variabilities were 7.63 and 19.76%, respectively, which were lower than those reported for mRSS. CONCLUSIONS Increases in hardness and elasticity as well as shortening of relaxation time constitute objective characteristics of skin involvement in SSc. The system devised by us proved to be able to assess skin abnormalities of SSc with high reliability.