Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the molecular mechanism of thermal diffusion in liquids

A recently developed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics algorithm for heat conduction is used to compute the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion factor, and heat of transfer in binary Lennard-Jones mixtures. An internal energy flux is established with local source and sink terms for kinetic energy. Simulations of isotope mixtures covering a range of densities and mass ratios show that the lighter component prefers the hot side of the system at stationary state. This implies a positive thermal diffusion factor in the definition we have adopted here. The molecular basis for the Soret effect is studied by analysing the energy flux through the system. In all cases we found that there is a difference in the relative contributions when we compare the hot and cold sides of the system. The contribution from the lighter component is predominantly flux of kinetic energy, and this contribution increases from the cold to the hot side. The contribution from the heavier component is predominantly energy transfer th.
Thermodynamics of climate change

Climate modelling is discussed from a thermodynamic point of view, using a control volume approach in which the environment and a superficial layer of the earth form the volume, concentric spherical shell of predominantly gaseous content with a thin layer of the earth. An energy equation that includes anthropogenic heat is suggested based on the mass balance of fossil fuel introduced into the control volume. It is argued that the use of temperature as a climate change indicator should be deemphasized since other thermodynamic coordinates including pressure, wind speed, humidity, etc. are just as important. The concept of Equivalent Rate of Evaporation (ERE) is introduced to better estimate the impact of enthalpy of vaporization on climate change. This approach offers a more lucid understanding of the climate model, with indubitably more accurate results.
bump2bump : designing and evaluating technology to promote maternal wellbeing in the transition to motherhood

The notion of wellbeing is synonymous with feeling competent, supported and satisfied with one’s life. Understanding how to sustain one’s own wellbeing is important at times of significant life change. The transition to motherhood is characterised by major emotional and physiological changes, which can impact on maternal subjective wellbeing and affect pregnancy outcomes. While Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has begun to address some of the challenges in the prevention and treatment of affective disorders in vulnerable perinatal groups, approaches that promote holistic maternal wellbeing in the low-risk majority have received less attention. This thesis draws on the multidisciplinary legacy of digital intervention development, utilising best practice from eHealth and HCI. Six studies using quantitative and qualitative methods were conducted. Study 1 was a systematic, interdisciplinary literature review, which proposed an integrated framework of factors involved in the successful development and evaluation of digital perinatal wellbeing resources. Study 2 used qualitative methods to explore the contextualised usage of digital resources by perinatal women. Studies 3, 4 and 5 involved the iterative development and formative evaluation of a prototype (bump2bump). Study 6 used mixed methods to explore the longitudinal, in-the-wild usage of bump2bump by a group of women as they became mothers. This thesis contributes to current discourse in HCI on how technology might be used positively and presents recommendations regarding the development and use of digital resources in first time pregnancy. Digital resources are increasingly relied upon when community services are lacking, and usage of such resources is particularly nuanced at the transition to motherhood. Design features that support users’ trust in content, facilitate face-to-face interaction with local similar others, and provide brief, practical information were found to be most important in meeting user needs. These findings can be used to inform the development and evaluation of digital perinatal wellbeing resources.
Factors affecting poor academic performance of male students: A review

The academy is a solid endeavor made by a person in his life, and an informed citizen of a country facilitates the community's sustainability. But in the contemporary society the male students have lagged behind from the academic culture and they don't hit a quite enough achievement and undergo from academic inhibition. The gender wise performance in academics may behave differently based on several numbers of variables including students' passion, frame of mind, the societal ambience etc. This study aims to expose few of the factors affecting to the poor academic performance of the male students.
Statistical analysis of the fractal nature of turbulent premixed flames

Since the introduction of fractal geometry, it has been widely accepted that naturally arising geometries governed by a nonlinear process exhibit fractal aspects. Numerous measurements on interfaces subject to turbulent motion demonstrated that those surfaces indeed display a fractal nature. Turbulent premixed flame surface is an example of such an interface. Past fractal analyses of turbulent flames emphasized fractal dimensions that were retrieved from tomographic images of the flames. Aside from confirming that the turbulent flame is indeed fractal-like, the use of the fractal dimension was relatively limited. Attempts were made to incorporate the fractal dimension into the modeling of turbulent premixed flames but the results were inconclusive. In the present study, we attempted a statistical approach in the fractal analysis of turbulent flames in the hope of retrieving additional information that can correlate the fractal dimension and flame properties. The present investigation was partly triggered by the finding that a wide variation of fractal dimension existed among measurements. Using previous measurements on turbulent flames, the statistical analysis resulted in clear indication of Damkohler number effect on fractal dimension on top of the turbulent intensity and laminar burning velocities which were regarded as two major parameters determining the fractal dimension of turbulent flames. The statistical analysis also explicitly showed the effect of intermittency on the distribution of fractal dimension. The proposed method was applied for analyses of four existing measurements.
National standardised achievement tests

Namibia has been implementing the national Standardized Achievement Tests (SATs) since 2009. These tests (SATs) as a national assessment are aimed at overcoming constraints in the assessment system, especially at the primary school level as well as to improve the quality of education through learner assessment. The Namibian SATs are low-stakes in nature; hence they are not used for promotional purposes but rather to provide diagnostic feedback to schools, decision makers and other education stakeholders. Six years down the line, the SATs results have been showing improvement in learner performance at primary school level. A perception survey conducted amongst primary school teachers in Namibia (N =130) revealed a largely positive perception about SATs with majority of respondents agreeing with the relevance of this assessment and its continuation in the education system. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of Namibian SATs as well as to highlight teachers’ perceptions about this national assessment.
The role of dentists in controlling hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan (Review)

In Japan, the method of treatment for hepatitis is well established due to the high rates of hepatitis C. However, the identification of patients with hepatitis who do not receive appropriate treatment poses a major problem. Some patients with this disease may need to consult with a dentist due to the development of extrahepatic manifestations, such as lichen planus, in the oral cavity. Alternatively, the dentist might discover patients with untreated hepatitis C and hepatitis B during routine dental examination. In such cases, the patient should be referred to a hepatologist for further examinations and treatment. Thus, dentists are required to act as ‘gatekeepers of hepatitis’. Furthermore, Japanese dentists need to increase hepatitis B vaccine coverage for infection control. By acting as a ‘care coordinator of hepatitis’, the dentist will be able to contribute to the eradication of liver cancer in Japan, thereby eliminating the discrimination and prejudice against patients with hepatitis. Dentists need to have a deep understanding of liver disease from the viewpoints of both nosocomial infection control and treatment of oral diseases.
Influence of high-permittivity barriers on PD activity in three-layer dielectrics

It is a well-known fact that the breakdown voltage of dielectrics in a divergent field may be increased by using an additional insulating layer (a barrier) placed at the optimal position between the electrodes. This paper is devoted to the investigation of the barrier effect in solid dielectrics in a quasi-uniform electric field, i.e. the study of the relationship between partial discharge (PD) activity and the barrier position in the insulating gap. It is established that the PD parameters depend on the barrier position in the gap. In particular, the ignition voltage of critical PDs is increased by more than 50% at the optimal barrier position compared to that for other barrier positions.
Odnos zadovoljstva tijelom, zadovoljstva romantičnom vezom i komentara partnera/ice o tjelesnom izgledu

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati spolne razlike u izraženosti zadovoljstva tijelom, važnosti slike tijela i čestini dobivanja pozitivnih i negativnih komentara o tjelesnom izgledu od partnera/ice te provjeriti prediktivnost nekih bioloških i psiholoških varijabli te varijabli vezanih uz romantičnu vezu u objašnjavanju zadovoljstva tijelom. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 371 sudionik (74,7% ženskog spola), dobnog raspona od 18 do 54 godine (M = 24,7; SD = 5,07). Podaci su prikupljani online metodom, primjenom seta upitnika za mjerenje zadovoljstva tijelom i romantičnom vezom, važnosti slike tijela te pozitivnih i negativnih komentara partnera/ice o tjelesnom izgledu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako između muškaraca i žena ne postoji razlika u zadovoljstvu tijelom, kao ni u važnosti koju pridaju slici tijela. Iako podjednako često dobivaju pozitivne komentare svojih partnera/ica, muškarci češće dobivaju one negativne. Hijerarhijskom regresijskom analizom utvrđeno je kako su kod žena manja željena promjena tjelesne težine i pozitivni komentari partnera/ica o njihovu tjelesnom izgledu značajni pozitivni prediktori zadovoljstva tijelom, dok je kod muškaraca varijabla negativni komentari partnera/ice o tjelesnom izgledu značajan negativni prediktor zadovoljstva tijelom. Ključne riječi: zadovoljstvo tijelom, važnost slike tijela, zadovoljstvo romantičnom vezom, komentari partnera o tjelesnom izgledu, tjelesna težina.
Risk factors for death in patients with sepsis admitted to an obstetric intensive care unit

Abstract Improving understanding of the prognostic factors associated with death resulting from sepsis in obstetric patients is essential to allow management to be optimized. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the risk factors for death in patients with sepsis admitted to the obstetric intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital in northeastern Brazil between April 2012 and April 2016. The clinical, obstetric, and laboratory data of the sepsis patients, as well as data on their final outcome, were collected. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Risk factors for death in patients with sepsis were evaluated in a multivariate analysis. During the period analyzed, 155 patients with sepsis were identified and included in the study, representing 5.2% of all obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Of these, 14.2% (n = 22) died. The risk factors for death were septic shock at the time of hospitalization (relative risk [RR] = 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–7.25), need for vasopressors during hospitalization (RR = 17.32; 95% CI: 4.20–71.36), lactate levels >2 mmol/L at the time of diagnosis (RR = 4.60; 95% CI: 1.05–20.07), and sequential organ failure assessment score >2 at the time of diagnosis (RR = 5.97; 95% CI: 1.82–19.94). Following multiple logistic regression analysis, only the need for vasopressors during hospitalization remained as a risk factor associated with death (odds ratio [OR] = 26.38; 95% CI: 5.87–118.51). The need for vasopressors during hospitalization is associated with death in obstetric patients with sepsis.
A Fast, Scalable, Universal Approach For Distributed Data Aggregations

In the current era of Big Data, data engineering has transformed into an essential field of study across many branches of science. Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have broadened the scope of data engineering and opened up new applications in both enterprise and research communities. Aggregations (also termed reduce in functional programming) are an integral functionality in these applications. They are traditionally aimed at generating meaningful information on large data-sets, and today, they are being used for engineering more effective features for complex AI models. Aggregations are usually carried out on top of data abstractions such as tables/ arrays and are combined with other operations such as grouping of values. There are frameworks that excel in the said domains individually. But, we believe that there is an essential requirement for a data analytics tool that can universally integrate with existing frameworks, and thereby increase the productivity and efficiency of the entire data analytics pipeline. Cylon endeavors to fulfill this void. In this paper, we present Cylon’s fast and scalable aggregation operations implemented on top of a distributed in-memory table structure that universally integrates with existing frameworks.
Prognostic value of the systemic inflammation response index in human malignancy

Abstract Background: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in malignancy based on existing evidence. Methods: We searched for relevant literature published in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase before April 10, 2020. Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and pooled to evaluate the relationship between SIRI and malignancy outcomes. Results: We included 14 articles, describing 6,035 patients. Our findings revealed that patients with high SIRI had worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.85–2.62, P < .001), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.49–2.48, P < .001), time-to-progression (TTP) (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.55–2.58, P < .001), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.38–2.16, P < .001), cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR: 3.57, 95% CI: 2.25–5.68, P < 0.001), disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.46 - 2.72, P < .001), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.28–3.99, P = .005) than patients with low SIRI. The correlation between SIRI and OS did not change in a subgroup analysis. Meta-regression indicated that heterogeneity may be related to differences in primary therapy strategies. Sensitivity analysis suggested that our results were reliable. Conclusions: SIRI could be used as a useful predictor of poor prognosis during malignancy treatment.
Sports injury type and psychological factors affect treatment period and willingness-to-pay

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract This study aimed to describe the sport injuries of elite collegiate athletes, and to examine the influence of career length, past injuries, and psychological factors on the treatment period and willingness to pay (WTP) for treatment. A survey was conducted among students of the Department of Physical Education, Korea National Sport University. Results were interpreted through frequency analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. All students currently in training (n = 624, mean age 21 ± 2 years) participated in this study. 12-month prevalence of sports injuries was 56%. The locations of the most common and severe injuries were the knee, ankle, and back. The most frequent types of common injury were sprain, ruptured ligament, and bruising. The location of injuries varied according to the sports discipline. The treatment period was influenced by sports discipline, career length, location, and type of injury, and fear of further injuries. Treatment period was associated with the reason for fear of injuries, and WTP was influenced by fear of further injuries. Our study suggests that specific management plans for athletes based on disciplines, past injuries, and their emotional responses to previous injuries are required for rehabilitation and return to sports following treatment.
Surface-Modified Nanocellulose for Application in Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine: A Review

Abstract Presently, a plenty of concerns related to the environment are due to the overuse of petroleum-based chemicals and products; the synthesis of functional materials, starting from the natural sources, is the current trend in research. The interest for nanocellulose has recently increased in a huge range of fields, from the material science to the biomedical engineering. Nanocellulose gained this leading role because of several reasons: its natural abundance on this planet, the excellent mechanical and optical features, the good biocompatibility and the attractive capability of undergoing surface chemical modifications. Nanocellulose surface tuning techniques are adopted by the high reactivity of the hydroxyl groups available; the chemical modifications are mainly performed to introduce either charged or hydrophobic moieties that include amination, esterification, oxidation, silylation, carboxymethylation, epoxidation, sulfonation, thiol- and azido-functional capability. Despite the several already published papers regarding nanocellulose, the aim of this review involves discussing the surface chemical functional capability of nanocellulose and the subsequent applications in the main areas of nanocellulose research, such as drug delivery, biosensing/bioimaging, tissue regeneration and bioprinting, according to these modifications. The final goal of this review is to provide a novel and unusual overview on this topic that is continuously under expansion for its intrinsic sophisticated properties.
Application of artificial intelligence in screening for adverse perinatal outcomes

Abstract The article presents a systematic review protocol. The aim of the study is an assessment of current studies regarding the application of artificial intelligence and neural networks in the screening for adverse perinatal outcomes. We intend to compare the reported efficacy of these methods to improve pregnancy care and outcomes. There are more and more studies that describe the role of machine learning in facilitating the diagnosis of adverse perinatal outcomes, like gestational diabetes or pregnancy hypertension. A systematic review of available literature seems to be crucial to compare the known efficacy and application. Publication of a systematic review in this category would improve the value of future studies. The studies reporting on artificial intelligence application will have a major impact on future prenatal practice.
Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids prophylaxis in cardiac surgery

Abstract Background: Although corticosteroid prophylaxis in adult cardiac surgery has been studied extensively for 40 years, its role remains controversial, and the optimal dose remains uncertain. The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the clinical benefits and risks of corticosteroid use in cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: We will search Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant clinical trials published in any language before August 1, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interest which meet inclusion criteria published or unpublished will be included. We will divide the included studies into child and adult groups for analysis. If sufficient data are available, the included trials will be divided into 4 subgroups: ≤20 mg/kg (low dose), 20–40 mg/kg (slightly high dose), 40–100 mg/kg (high dose), and >100 mg/kg (ultra high dose) based on the equivalent hydrocortisone dose. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2020100044. Results: The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: This study will compare the efficacy of tprophylactic corticosteroids for adults and children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Due to the nature of the disease and intervention methods, randomized controlled trials may be inadequate, and we will carefully consider inclusion in high-quality, non-randomized controlled trials, but this may result in high heterogeneity and affect the reliability of the results.
A Review and Algorithm in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Pain

Introduction The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) has been estimated to contribute to pain in as much as 38% of cases of lower back pain. There are no clear diagnostic or treatment pathways. This article seeks to establish a clearer pathway and algorithm for treating patients. Methods The literature was reviewed in order to review the biomechanics, as well as establish the various diagnostic and treatment options. Diagnostic factors addressed include etiology, history, physical exam, and imaging studies. Treatment options reviewed include conservative measures, as well as interventional and surgical options. Results Proposed criteria for diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction can include pain in the area of the sacroiliac joint, reproducible pain with provocative maneuvers, and pain relief with a local anesthetic injection into the SIJ. Conventional non-surgical therapies such as medications, physical therapy, radiofrequency denervation, and direct SI joint injections may have some limited durability in therapeutic benefit. Surgical fixation can be by a lateral or posterior/posterior oblique approach with the literature supporting minimally invasive options for improving pain and function and maintaining a low adverse event profile. Conclusion SIJ pain is felt to be an underdiagnosed and undertreated element of LBP. There is an emerging disconnect between the growing incidence of diagnosed SI pathology and underwhelming treatment efficacy of medical treatment. This has led to an increase in SI joint fixation. We have created a clearer diagnostic and treatment pathway to establish an algorithm for patients that can include conservative measures and interventional techniques once the diagnosis is identified.