Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fase Piloto do Estudo SPECTRUM. Reserva de Fluxo Fracionada Versus Angiografia para Avaliação e Conduta em Pacientes com Lesões Obstrutivas Coronárias de Grau Moderado: Racional e Desenho do Estudo

Introducao: A despeito de suas reconhecidas limitacoes, a angiografia coronaria invasiva e o metodo mais usado (muitas vezes unico) para a adocao de estrategias terapeuticas em pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardiaco diagnostico. A mensuracao de reserva de fluxo fracionada (FFR) tem sido empregada em diversos estudos, fundamentalmente no contexto de pacientes em que a avaliacao angiografica per se indica a necessidade de intervencao sobre as lesoes coronarias. No entanto, o metodo praticamente nao foi ainda testado em condicoes opostas, no cenario clinico em que as obstrucoes, angiograficamente, nao indicariam intervencoes. O proposito deste trabalho, a ser realizado de forma piloto em dois centros, e testar a hipotese de que tambem para lesoes intermediarias, nas quais a angiografia nao demonstra necessidade de intervencao coronaria, a medida de FFR resultaria em alteracao da conduta terapeutica baseada em angiografia. Metodos: Serao incluidos pacientes consecutivos e clinicamente estaveis, com doenca coronaria em segmento proximal e/ou medio de um ou mais vasos epicardicos (diâmetro > 2,5 mm), apresentando obstrucoes entre 40 e 70%, por estimativa visual. Em seguida, a conduta terapeutica (clinica ou intervencionista) baseada em angiografia, relativamente a essas lesoes, sera definida de maneira independente por consenso de dois observadores. A partir dai, os pacientes, em ambos os grupos, serao randomizados para dois subgrupos: (1) manutencao de conduta baseada na angiografia; e (2) realizacao de FFR para decisao terapeutica. Os pacientes com lesoes em que se obtiver FFR < 0,80 serao tratados com revascularizacao percutânea ou cirurgica, enquanto os portadores de lesoes com FFR ≥ 0,80 serao tratados clinicamente. Conclusoes: O presente estudo visa avaliar se a medida de FFR em lesoes intermediarias nao consideradas necessarias de tratamento intervencionista pela angiografia resulta em mudanca de conduta.
Gadolinium‐enhanced MR angiography in the evaluation of congenital cardiovascular disease pre‐ and postoperative states in infants and children

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast magnetic resonance (MR) angiography under sedation for assessing congenital cardiovascular disease in infants and small children before and after cardiac surgery. In 38 patients with cardiovascular abnormalities, thoracic vasculatures were evaluated in either the preoperative (group 1; 23 patients, median age 9 months old) or the postoperative (group 2; 15 patients median age 1.3 years old) state using gadolinium‐enhanced dynamic MR angiography. Acquired data were processed with a multiprojection volume reconstruction. Image quality (grades 1–5, undiagnostic to excellent), presence or absence of the extracardiac vasculature, its pathology (group 1), and the patency of the postsurgical shunt or reconstructed vasculature (group 2) were evaluated. All images were of diagnostic image quality (mean grade 4.4–3.2). Recognition of the thoracic vasculature was correctly made in all cases (38/38, 100%). In group 1, anomalies and pathologic changes were correctly identified in 22 of 23 cases (95.7%). In one patient with dextrocardia and the cardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return, the abnormality was not recognized. In group 2, the patency of the shunt flow after Glenn (n = 6), modified Fontan (n = 4), Rastelli (n = 1), and Blalock‐Taussig (n = 3) operations was well demonstrated in each case. The reconstructed pulmonary artery (n = 1), veins (n = 2), and aorta (n = 1) were correctly visualized. In one case, stenosis of the reconstructed left pulmonary vein was missed by MR angiography. In 14 of 15 cases in group 2 (93.3%), MR angiography correctly gave information on the operated areas. In conclusion, dynamic contrast MR angiography under sedation is useful for evaluation of the thoracic vasculature of infants and small children in the pre‐ and postoperative states. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:1034–1042. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auditory brainstem of the ferret: Early cessation of developmental sensitivity of neurons in the cochlear nucleus to removal of the cochlea

The role of primary afferent innervation in the maintenance of neurons in the mammalian auditory system was assessed by performing unilateral removals of the cochlea in neonatal and mature ferrets of known birth dates. Removals were performed under steroid anesthesia and resulted in the complete destruction of the organ of Corti and the loss of at least 80% of type I spiral ganglion neurons. Four main age groups [postnatal days (P)5, P24, P90, and P180] were used. Additional animals received no surgery, partial removals, or complete removals at older ages. Three months after the cochlear removal the animals were reanesthetized and perfused. The brainstem and the temporal bones were wax‐embedded, frontally sectioned, and Nissl‐stained. Sections of the right and left cochlear nuclei were compared quantitatively. Removal of the cochlea at P5 resulted in the loss of more than 50% of large (nongranular) neurons throughout the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus. Lesions at older ages did not produce any neuron loss. The size of the remaining neurons was reduced by 10–15% in all age groups. Partial lesions at P5 produced a graded response in the cochlear nucleus that was related to the extent of the lesion. The developmental sensitive period for the effects of cochlear removal on the ferret cochlear nucleus is therefore over before the age (P28–P30) at which the animal begins to hear. The present result differs markedly from the chicken, in which the sensitive period for removal of the cochlea persists for at least 2 months after the onset of hearing.
Observations on the morphology of the human tongue.

IN another paper (1937) the musculature of the tongue in a series of animals (cat, rat, and dog) has been studied both experimentally and histologically with regard to the action as well as the attachment of the individual muscles. In this communication it is intended to correlate our findings on animals with those present in the human tongue; for a detailed description of the architecture of the tongue is not available in the literature. Though it is an important organ, yet it has not, so far, been given an equal share in the detailed anatomical studies allotted to other organs in the body. The intricate interlacement of the fibres of its muscles, and the difficulty or, rather, the impossibility of complete separation of individual muscles may be admitted as a possible clue to such lack of study.
THE EFFECT OF ENDOGENOUS OESTROGEN ON PLASMA AND URINARY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE IN OOPHORECTOMIZED WOMEN

Using a specific radioimmunoassay, significant levels of plasma oestradiol can be detected in the blood of oophorectomized women. In these women the plasma concentration of oestradiol correlates positively with the body fat content. Low circulating concentrations of oestradiol are associated with increased values for serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, but no significant change in serum calcium. The fasting urinary calcium creatinine ratio is inversely related to circulating plasma oestradiol concentration which also correlates, in a more complex way, with the renal threshold for phosphate (TmPO4/GFR). It is suggested that oestrogen production may be an important factor in determining bone loss in post‐menopausal women.
Characterization of presynaptic septin complexes in mammalian hippocampal neurons

Abstract Septins are GTPases that form heteromeric complexes and are linked to neurological disorders. Although several septin subcomplexes have been reported in various mammalian tissues, the cellular and subcellular distribution of these complexes is largely unexplored. Using antibodies against ten mammalian septins, we show that septins diverge with respect to their tissue distribution implying that septin complexes in various tissues have unique composition. Although all ten septins examined were expressed in brain tissue, we describe septin complex(es) including SEPT3, SEPT5, SEPT6, SEPT7 and SEPT11 that could be functional within the presynapse because, unlike other septins they: (1) showed an increase in expression from embryonic day 15 to post-natal day 70, (2) were abundantly expressed in axons and growth cones of developing hippocampal neurons, (3) were found in presynaptic terminals of mature synapses, (4) were enriched in a preparation of synaptic vesicles and (5) immunoprecipitated together from brain tissue and cultured nerve cells. Knockdown of SEPT5 or SEPT7 in developing hippocampal neurons impaired axon growth. Because septins are functionally linked to the cytoskeleton and vesicle traffic, presynaptic neuronal septin complexes could be important for ensuring proper axon development and neurotransmitter release.
Inhibition of ovulation in immature rats by anti-progesterone antiserum.

Inhibition of ovulation in immature rats was studied by neutralizing the effects of preovulatory progesterone or estrogen with their antisera. In Experiment 1 the rats were injected with various doses of rabbit antisera to progesterone or to estrone mixed with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Ovulation occurred on 100% of the rats which had received . 1 or . 2 ml antiprogesterone. When the animal received . 4 or . 8 ml of antiserum ovulations were reduced. Mean number of ova in ovulating rats was significantly reduced. Rats treated with doses of antiestrogen between . 1 and . 4 ml ovulated a comparable number of ova to control groups. In Experiment 2 the effects of replacement of progesterone or estradiol after antiserum treatment was studied. 30 mcg progesterone or 3 mcg estradiol were introduced after the HCG injection. Ovulation was restored to control levels in these animals. The results indicate that progesterone is essential for the completion of follicular rupture in rats.
GPVI and integrin αIIbβ3 signaling in platelets

Summary. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of the molecular basis of platelet activation by two distinct types of surface receptor, the immunoglobulin GPVI, and the integrin αIIbβ3 (also known as GPIIbIIIa). These two classes of receptor signal through similar yet distinct tyrosine kinase‐based signaling cascades leading to activation of phospholipase C γ2. The significance of these signaling cascades in platelet adhesion and platelet aggregation at arterial rates of shear is discussed.
Capital Flows and Economic Growth across Spectral Frequencies: Evidence from Turkey

This paper examines interactions and feedbacks between categories of capital flows and economic growth in Turkey for the 1992:01-2009:08 period. Our empirical analysis is based on a new version of the causality test of John Geweke (1982, p. 77) and Yuzo Hosoya (1991, p. 88) in the frequency domain proposed recently by JA¶rg Breitung and Bertrand Candelon (2006, p. 132). In addition, using standard methods in spectral analysis, we decompose the total covariance between capital flows and growth across main frequency bands and capture lead/lag interactions between them. Some of our findings are as follows: Variance decompositions over frequency bands reveal that variations in individual capital flow categories are largely concentrated over high (seasonal) frequencies. The nature of the interaction/feedback between growth and capital flows varies significantly over frequency bands and subcategories of flows. Over business cycle frequencies, two out of four subcategories of inflows, short-term external borrowings and portfolio investments on government bonds, drive growth whereas the other two components, long-term borrowings and portfolio investments on shares, are driven by growth. Furthermore, for the post-2001 financial crisis period we found significant bidirectional causality between long-term external borrowings and growth whereas portfolio investments, bond flows and short-term external borrowings do not affect growth in the long run.
Do People With Diabetes Need Statins?

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to increase rapidly. Persons with diabetes face a 2-fold greater absolute risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than those without diabetes. Many diabetic patients die before reaching the hospital after a cardiovascular event. Use of statin therapy for intensive control of diabetic dyslipidemia has produced relative reductions in CVD risk of about 25% in randomized, controlled clinical trials. This is true even though low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the primary target of statin therapy, might not be markedly elevated in diabetic patients. Most patients with diabetes or diabetes plus established CVD warrant intensive statin therapy. Statin therapy has the ability to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals recommended in treatment guidelines. Alone or in combination with an additional lipid-lowering drug, statins may also improve triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol abnormalities in patients with diabetes.
Long-term treatment with strontium ranelate increases vertebral bone mass without deleterious effect in mice.

It was previously shown that strontium ranelate (SR; S12911-PROTOS, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Courbevoie, France) can modulate bone metabolism in rats and mice. To determine the long-term effects of SR on vertebral bone metabolism in adult mice, the compound or the vehicle was given in the diet to normal male and female mice for 104 weeks at the dose of 200, 600, or 1,800 mg/kg/d corresponding to 0.78, 2.34 or 7.01 mmol Sr(2+)/kg/d. SR dose-dependently increased plasma strontium concentration, as well as exposure to the drug. Histomorphometric analyses of indices of bone volume, bone formation, and resorption were determined in the endosteal vertebral bone. SR significantly increased the trabecular bone volume by 25% and 59% in females treated with SR 600 and 1,800 mg/kg/d, respectively. This was associated with a 27% and 62% increase in mineralized bone volume. Bone volume was also significantly increased by 17% and 38% in male mice treated with SR 200 and 1,800 mg/kg/d, respectively. In parallel, SR increased the osteoblastic surface by 131% in males. In addition to this stimulatory effect on bone formation, a 52% decrease in osteoclastic surface, and a dose-dependent decrease in osteoclastic number (30% to 47%), was observed in female mice. Finally, SR even at the highest dose tested did not alter the osteoid thickness, indicating no deleterious effect on bone mineralization. Altogether, these findings show that SR simultaneously increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption in male or female mice, which results in increased vertebral bone mass in both genders without deleterious effect on bone mineralization.
Harmonic Impact of Residential Type Photovoltaic Inverters on 11 kV Distribution System

The number of installations of photovoltaic solar panels and associated inverter systems within residential premises is increasing. As these systems incorporate a power electronics front end, they will have an influence on the quality of supply in regards to voltage harmonics. This paper investigates the harmonic impact on an 11kV distribution system due to the installation of residential type grid connected photovoltaic inverter systems (PVIS). To characterise the aggregated harmonic current spectrum contributed from the low voltage system, a typical inverter spectrum is utilised. Conventional harmonic modelling techniques are applied to determine a medium voltage system model and resulting network wide harmonic voltages for various penetration levels of residential type photovoltaic inverter systems. Based on this study, a recommendation is made for acceptable penetration levels to limit the harmonic impact of grid connected photovoltaic inverter systems.
Structural Validity and Generalisability of a Referent Cognitions Model of Turnover Intentions

A model proposed and empirically tested by Aquino, Griffeth, Allen, and Hom (1997) using employees of a hospital in the northeastern United States was replicated in samples of Korean factory workers from two divisions of a large organisation. Results in both samples suggested that the relationships among model variables and relationships with withdrawal cognitions replicated quite closely. Results also suggested that the way people are treated in an organisation by their supervisors exerts a powerful effect on their turnover-related responses. Most importantly, the results of this study in combination with the earlier results from Aquino et al. (1997) highlight the impact of employee expectations of future job advancement on turnover-related responses. Employees who perceive that their present situation will improve are more satisfied with their present outcomes and their supervisors. They are also less likely to consider quitting even when being unsatisfied with their present situation.
tHoops: A Multi-Aspect Analytical Framework Spatio-Temporal Basketball Data Using Tensor Decomposition

The shot selection process in basketball can be thought of as an indicator of the identity of a player/team. Characterization of these processes is important for player and team comparisons, pre-game scouting etc. Typically, shot charts are compared in a heuristic manner. Recently though automated ways have appeared in the sports analytics literature that aim into identifying a set of prototype shooting patterns that can be used as a basis for describing the tendencies of a player/team. However, these approaches are almost exclusively focused on the spatial distribution of the shots. However, there is a multitude of other parameters that can affect the shot selection by a player. For example, the time remaining on the clock, the score differential, etc. are some contextual factors that can impact the shot selection of a player. In this work, we propose a framework based on tensor decomposition for obtaining a set of prototype shooting patterns based on spatiotemporal information and contextual meta-data, that can be used to describe the overall shot selection process for a player or a team. The core of our framework is a 3D tensor X, whose element X(i,j,k) is equal to the number of shots entity i took from location j during time k. The granularity of time and location can be defined depending on the application. Using the PARAFAC decomposition we decompose the tensor into several interpretable patterns, that capture a group of entities, that take shots from similar locations during similar times in the game. Using the tensor components, we express every entity as a combination of these components with the weights being the corresponding elements in the entity factor of the decomposition. The framework introduced in this paper can have further applications in the analysis of the spatiotemporal data available from optical player tracking as we showcase by analyzing a small dataset.
Partial Rupture of the Distal Insertion of the Patellar Tendon

Patellar tendon injuries frequently occur in running and jumping athletes. The most common injuries include acute rupture of the patellar tendon from the distal pole of the patella, acute and chronic tendinitis, chronic tendinosis, and partial rupture of the proximal tendon or midsubstance. The more acute problems generally are symptomatic at the tendon’s origin at the inferior pole of the patella. In adolescents, pain and tenderness at the insertion of the patellar tendon onto the tibial tubercle is generally related to Osgood-Schlatter disease. In adults, it is much less common to have symptoms over the tibial tubercle and distal patellar tendon. We have found no previous reports in the English literature of partial patellar tendon rupture occurring at the tendon’s distal insertion onto the tibial tubercle in adults. We present two cases of professional athletes with partial rupture of the patellar tendon at its distal insertion and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this unique problem.
Paclitaxel pharmacodynamics: application of a mechanism‐based neutropenia model

Antineoplastic agents exert adverse effects that impact both dose and scheduling of drug administration. Our objective was to develop a quantitative relationship between paclitaxel (taxol) exposure and pharmacodynamic endpoints, such as neutropenia or body weight loss. Paclitaxel in liposomes or Cremophor EL was administered to rats at doses of 20 or 40 mg/kg. Body weight and absolute neutrophil count were determined daily. The decrease in body weight was greater for paclitaxel in Cremophor EL than for liposomal paclitaxel, but hematological toxicity was similar. The hematological data was fit using a pharmacodynamic model to investigate the temporal delay between drug exposure and neutropenia. From the model, the lifespan of neutrophils (TN), of surviving precursor cells in bone marrow (TP), and a killing rate constant (K) were determined. The values of TN, TP, and K for liposomal paclitaxel were 95 h, 82 h, and 0.735 (μM h)−1, respectively, and for paclitaxel in Cremophor EL, 86 h, 78 h, and 0.475 (μM h)−1, respectively. Simulations of various doses indicated a dependency of the neutropenia time course on paclitaxel exposure. The entire time course of changes in neutrophil count is more informative than a single measurement if myelosuppression is prolonged and at a level associated with increased incidence of clinical adverse effects. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Customer Bonding of E-Tailors: The Constructs and Theoretical Models

In this paper, we conceptualize customer bonding of e-tailors. We then construct a static theoretical model which describes the relationship between bonding and business performance for e-tailors. Based on the dynamic process of buyer-seller relationship, we further construct a theoretical dynamic model of effect of bonding on business performance at different stages of buyer-seller relationships for e-tailors. The results suggest that e-tailors will get good performance by bonding with customer and as a relationship deepens from acquaintances to friends, then to partners, the effect of economic bonding on marketing performance will become weaker, both social bonding and structural bonding on business performance will become stronger.
Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children

Patient: Children older than 48 h and younger than 18 years old who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with at least 2min of chest compressions and requiring mechanical ventilation after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Intervention: Targeted temperature management at 33.0 C vs 36.8 C within 6 h of ROSC for 48 h. Rewarmed to 36.8 C over 16 h. Outcome: Primary: Survival at 12 months with a Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, second edition (VABS-II) score of 70 or higher. Secondary: Survival at 12 months and change in neurobehavioural function based on pre-cardiac arrest and 12 month VABS-II.
Quantum confinement effect in short-channel Gate-All-Around MOSFETs and its impact on the sensitivity of threshold voltage to process variations

We have proposed an analytical model for quantum confinement effects in short-channel Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFETs. This model accurately predicts the eigen-energy shift and eigen-function modulation caused by the short channel effects in lightly doped GAA devices. It shows that the threshold voltage (Vth) variation due to channel diameter variation is larger than that due to channel length variation because of the significant quantum confinement in ultra-scaled devices. Our model indicates that the channel diameter of GAA MOSFETs can be optimized to reduce the Vth variation.