Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production and Inhibition of Gas in Various Regions in the Intestine of the Dog.∗

Summary The relationship between the small intestinal and colonic flora and the gas volumes and composition resulting from the introduction of navy bean homogenates into surgically prepared intestinal segments of normal and antibiotically pretreated dogs was investigated. Intestinal gas production was effectively inhibited or greatly reduced in animals pretreated with Neomycin Sulfate and Sulfathalidine, Mexaform, and Vioform, following the administration of navy bean homogenates. Mexaform and Vioform effectively destroyed the anaerobic bacteria of the intestinal tract while the normal aerobic and coliform bacteria increased in total numbers, indicating that the increased gas production from a navy bean homogenate was due to the anaerobic intestinal flora. Contrary to some current belief, it has been shown that bacterial action in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the dog may add significantly to the total intestinal gas volume of animals fed navy bean homogenates.
Proteomic analysis for Type I interferon antagonism of Japanese encephalitis virus NS5 protein

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) exhibits a Type I interferon (IFN) antagonistic function. This study characterizes Type I IFN antagonism mechanism of NS5 protein, using proteomic approach. In human neuroblastoma cells, NS5 expression would suppress IFNβ‐induced responses, for example, expression of IFN‐stimulated genes PKR and OAS as well as STAT1 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation. Proteomic analysis showed JEV NS5 downregulating calreticulin, while upregulating cyclophilin A, HSP 60 and stress‐induced‐phosphoprotein 1. Gene silence of calreticulin raised intracellular Ca2+ levels while inhibiting nuclear translocalization of STAT1 and NFAT‐1 in response to IFNβ, thus, indicating calreticulin downregulation linked with Type I IFN antagonism of JEV NS5 via activation of Ca2+/calicineurin. Calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A attenuated NS5‐mediated inhibition of IFNβ‐induced responses, for example, IFN‐sensitive response element driven luciferase, STAT1‐dependent PKR mRNA expression, as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1. Transfection with calcineurin (vs. control) siRNA enhanced nuclear translocalization of STAT1 and upregulated PKR expression in NS5‐expressing cells in response to IFNβ. Results prove Ca2+, calreticulin, and calcineurin involvement in STAT1‐mediated signaling as well as a key role of JEV NS5 in Type I IFN antagonism. This study offers insights into the molecular mechanism of Type I interferon antagonism by JEV NS5.
HD-Zip Proteins GL2 and HDG11 Have Redundant Functions in Arabidopsis Trichomes, and GL2 Activates a Positive Feedback Loop via MYB23[W]

Two homeodomain transcription factors that are implicated in cell-type differentiation of the epidermis were found to have redundant functions in driving trichome morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. A detailed molecular genetic analysis led to the discovery of a regulatory link to a MYB-related transcription factor required for maintenance of trichome cell fate. The class IV homeodomain leucine zipper transcription factor GLABRA2 (GL2) acts in a complex regulatory circuit that regulates the differentiation of trichomes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We describe a genetic interaction with HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS11 (HDG11), previously identified as a negative regulator of trichome branching. gl2 hdg11 double mutants display enhanced trichome cell-type differentiation defects. Transgenic expression of HDG11 using the GL2 promoter partially suppresses gl2 trichome phenotypes. Vice versa, expression of GL2 under the control of its native promoter partially complements hdg11 ectopic branching. Since gl2 hdg11 and gl2 myb23 double mutants and the triple mutant display similar trichome differentiation defects, we investigated a connection to the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB23. We show that MYB23 transcript levels are significantly reduced in shoots from gl2 mutants and that GL2 can drive the expression of a MYB23-promoter fusion to green fluorescent protein. Yeast one-hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and in planta reporter gene experiments indicate that an L1-box in the MYB23 promoter acts as a GL2 binding site. Taken together, our findings reveal a functional redundancy between GL2 and HDG11, two homeodomain leucine zipper transcription factors previously thought to mediate opposing functions in trichome morphogenesis. A model is proposed in which GL2 transcript levels are maintained through a positive feedback loop involving GL2 activation of MYB23.
Current reference scheme for multilevel phase-change memory sensing

This paper presents a current reference for read and verify operations in multilevel phase-change memories (PCMs). The circuit is able to track the temperature behaviour of the PCM cell current over a temperature range from −40 °C to 80 °C, as is necessary to meet the stringent requirements of multilevel PCM sensing. The proposed scheme is based on an MOS transistor biased in saturation below its zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) point. Only room temperature trimming at wafer sort is required to adjust the value and the temperature dependence of the generated current. Experimental results showed good agreement with experimental data on PCM cells. The error in the programmed temperature coefficient is kept within 10% in any process condition.
AS 314: A dusty A–type hypergiant

We present the results of our observations of the poorly-studied emission-line star AS 314 which include high-resolution spectroscopy, obtained at the 6 -meter telescope of the Russian Academy of Sciences, multicolor optical and near-infrared photometry. The strong H &#x03B1 line, H s and H &#x03B3 of moderate strength and a number of weak Fe ii lines were detected in emission. The Balmer lines and most of the Fe ii lines show narrow P Cyg-type pro-files which implies a very low terminal velocity of the stellar wind. Very weak signs of emission are found in H&#x03B4. Photospheric lines detected for the first time allowed us to determine the object’s spectral type, A0. The luminosity, M bol ~ -8.0 mag was estimated using several methods and implies that AS 314 is a hypergiant, which is located at about 10 kpc from the Sun and has an initial mass of - 20 M &#9737. Modeling of the Balmer line profiles resulted in the following parameters of the stellar wind: M &#x02D0 = 2 10 -5 M &#9737 yr -1 , v &infin = 75 kms -1 . The star is located within the LBV strip in the HRD. Its noticeable far-IR excess is due to the circumstellar dust emission and is likely evidence of an LBV-type outburst in the past.
The Bridal-Mystical Motif in Bernard of Clairvaux and Martin Luther

This article discusses Martin Luther's appropriation of the tradition of bridal-mysticism, and contrasts it with that of Bernard of Clairvaux. According to Bernard, through the power of divine grace, the human person and God both come to find each other objects of mutual desire. By contrast, Luther, in Freedom of a Christian (1520), uses the bridal motif to describe the divine-human relationship as one of promise and trust. In this, the Reformer both appropriates and significantly reinterprets the bridal-mystical motif in accordance with the claims of his newly-minted Reformation theology of justification through faith.
Genetic relatedness, antibiotic susceptibility, and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae responsible for meningitis in Poland, 1997-2001.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the third most frequent etiologic agent of bacterial meningitis in Poland. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize S. pneumoniae isolates responsible for meningitis in Poland from 1997 to 2001 by determining their serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness. Among 36 serotypes and rough isolates, the most common were serotypes 3, 8, 19F, 6B, 4, and 23F, altogether accounting for 45.3% of cases. Penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci constituted 14.8% of all isolates. A high heterogeneity of pneumococcal isolates concerning serological features as well as genetic relatedness based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis was observed. With the exception of some serotypes (e.g., 3, 7F, 19F), isolates of the same serotype do not appear to be more closely related to each other than to isolates of different serotypes.
Evaluation of Monolithically Integrated Antennas and RF Transmitters for Silicon Smart Micro Sensors with Wireless-Communication Ability

This paper presents the development of monolithically integrated RF transmitters and antennas for MEMS sensors such as accelerometers. Integrating wireless-communication ability on-chip microsensor, sensors can communicate the sensing data with information network by wireless. Integration technology of MEMS sensors, and RF-CMOS including RF passive components is requited to realize highly integrated smart micro sensors. CMOS oscillators with 315 MHz carrier frequency are designed and fabricated by our CMOS/MEMS integration technology. Spiral inductors for resonators and monolithic antennas have been realized with IC metallization process. Each essential component have been fabricated and evaluated.
Deformation Properties of Single Red Blood Cell in a Stenosed Microchannel

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) exhibit different types of motions and different deformed shapes, when they move through capillaries. RBCs can travel through capillaries having smaller diameters than RBCs’ diameter, due to the capacity of high deformability of the viscoelastic RBC membrane. The motion and the steady state shape of the RBCs depend on many factors, such as the geometrical parameters of the microvessel through which blood flows, the RBC membrane bending stiffness and the flow velocity. In this study, the effect of the RBC’s membrane stiffness on the deformation of a single RBC in a stenosed capillary is comprehensively examined. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) in combination with the two-dimensional spring network membrane model is used to investigate the motion and the deformation property of the RBC. The simulation results demonstrate that the membrane bending stiffness of the RBC has a significant impact on the RBCs’ deformability.
Predictors of Occupational Stress among the Faculty Members of Private Medical and Engineering Colleges: A Comparative Study

Earlier studies on occupational stress among teachers have focused mainly on school teachers. Stress among teachers in higher education has caught the attention of the researchers only in last few years and especially in the field of medical and engineering education it is still sparse. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the level of occupational stress and perception of various occupational stressors among the faculty members of private medical and engineering colleges. The final sample comprised of 310 faculty members, from seven private colleges (three medical and four engineering) of Uttar Pradesh, India. 69% faculty members reported moderate level of stress. Among the twelve occupational stressors assessed in the study, using Occupational Stress Index, role conflict accounted for maximum variance in the overall occupational stress and under participation emerged as the best predictor. No significant difference was found in the overall perception of stress across gender or between medical and engineering faculty members. However, they differed in the perception of some of the occupational stressors. Implications of this research from the perspective of better stress management among faculty members are discussed.
The Oncological Safety of Skin Sparing Mastectomy with Conservation of the Nipple-Areola Complex and Autologous Reconstruction: An Extended Follow-Up Study

Objective:To find out if skin sparing mastectomy (SSM) and nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate autologous reconstruction as safe in oncological terms as modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Summary Background:The oncological safety of less radical surgical procedures like SSM and NSM cannot be evaluated by randomized trials. A careful and long lasting follow-up of patients, treated with SSM or NSM, is urgently needed. Patients and Methods:Between 1994–2000, 246 selected patients with an indication for MRM were treated with SSM, NSM, or MRM. Short term results were published in 2003.1 After a mean follow-up of 101 months (range 32–126), 238 evaluable patients with SSM (N = 48), NSM (N = 60), or MRM (N = 130) were analyzed for local and distant recurrences, breast cancer specific death, and esthetic results. Results:Local recurrences occurred in 10.4% (SSM), 11.7% (NSM) and 11.5% (MRM) of all patients (P = 0.974). With regard to isolated DM (25.0%, 23.3%, respectively 26.2%; P = 0.916) and breast cancer specific death (20.8%, 21.7%, respectively 21.5%; P = 0.993), there were no significant differences between subgroups. The re-evaluation of esthetic results by surgeons revealed a significant shift from 78.4% excellent results after 59 months to 47.9% after 101 months follow-up (SSM; P = 0.004) and from 73.8% to 51.7% (NSM; P = 0.025). An important risk factor for decreased cosmetic score was application of adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion:In patients who are candidates for a mastectomy, skin sparing mastectomy or nipple sparing mastectomy with immediate autologous reconstruction are oncologically safe techniques. Adjuvant radiotherapy decreases the esthetic results even after a longer period of time.
Bringing New PET Drugs to Clinical Practice - A Regulatory Perspective

The regulatory framework for radioactive drugs, in particular those used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans, has been gradually established since the release of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act in 1997. Various guidances specially tailored to accommodate special properties of PET drugs have been issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in order to ensure this valuable technology (i.e., PET molecular imaging) will continue to be available to patients and yet the safety and efficacy of PET drugs are well regulated so that public health will be protected. This article presents several key elements of this regulatory framework for PET drugs. New regulatory avenues proposed by the FDA to facilitate the research and development process to bring more new PET drugs to clinical practice, as well as to foster the opportunity of using “orphan” PET drugs in clinical practice are also discussed in this paper.
Pulse-Driven Josephson Junction Arrays for High-Precision AC-Voltage Synthesis of Unipolar and Bipolar Waveforms

The paper is about development of the lumped Josephson junction arrays (JJAs) for the generation of accurate quantum-based ac voltages. By using semiconductor pattern generators, it was possible to synthesize unipolar and bipolar waveforms with amplitudes of almost 10 mV and frequencies of up to 122 kHz. Higher harmonics and other unwanted noise signals were suppressed by -90 dBc. Because of the unique layout of our JJA, it was possible to connect the circuit directly to the ground, thereby eliminating common-mode signals
Verification of multichannel liquid dispenser performance in the 4-30 microL range by using optical pathlength measurements in microplates.

Pipettors and liquid handling systems should be checked regularly to verify their precision and accuracy. Professional organizations recommend performing 4-replicate tests monthly and 10-replicate tests at least quarterly (1)(2)(3)(4). Traditional gravimetric procedures are adequate to meet these testing requirements for single-channel pipettors but are tedious and impractical for multichannel devices. An alternative is to dispense a solution of colored dye into wells of a microplate and to measure the resulting absorbance values in a microplate reader. Volume calibration is performed with a calibration curve relating absorbance to volume (5). We recently reported a method for verifying multichannel pipettor performance by a spectrophotometric procedure that utilizes the near infrared absorbance of water and does not require addition of a dye (6). Water or other aqueous reagent is dispensed from the pipettor into microplate wells, and the optical pathlength in each well is determined in a microplate spectrophotometer. Water is essentially transparent from 200 to 900 nm but has a distinctive absorbance peak near 977 nm. As predicted by the Lambert law of light absorption, absorbance is proportional to the distance that light travels through the sample; thus the characteristic absorbance of water can be utilized to measure the pathlength of an aqueous sample. The maximum absorbance is affected by temperature; however, temperature dependency can be avoided by making the absorbance measurements at a temperature isosbestic point (near 1000 nm). Baseline absorbance is measured at a wavelength distant from the water absorbance peak, e.g., 900 …
HIGH SPEED MARINE BACTERIA USE SODIUM-ION AND PROTON DRIVEN MOTORS

The ocean's strong ionic environment may be important for motility in marine bacteria. This is because flagellar motors are powered by dissipation of ion gradients across their cell membranes. We tested how much the 2 known motor systems contributed to the high speed motility (> l00 pm SS') found in marine bacterial communities and isolates. Monensin, carbonylcyanide-mchlorophenylhydrozone (CCCP) and amiloride were used on Escherichia coli, ShewaneUa putrefaciens, Alterornonas haloplanktis, a marine isolate (BBAT1) and marine bacterial communities to uncouple sodium-ion and proton gradients from motility. E. coli motility was stopped by 10 pM CCCP. Use of any of the 3 uncouplers alone slowed, but did not stop, S. putrefaciens, A. haloplanktis and a community of marine bacteria. A combination of 20 phl CCCP and 20 p M monensin stopped S. putrefaciens and A. haloplanktis. The same concentration combination reduced marine community speeds by half, but stopped few cells. Above uncoupler concentrations of 30 pM speed remained unchanged at about 20 pnl S-' for marine bacterial communities. Sodiumon motors were responsible for about 60% of marine bacterial speed. From the results it was concluded that most high speed marine bacterial community members used sodium and proton motors simultaneously.
Role of Nitric Oxide in the Elevation of Cerebral Blood Flow Induced by Acetylcholine and Anoxia in the Turtle

Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent regulation of brain blood flow has hitherto not been studied in reptiles. By observing the brain surface (telencephalon) of the freshwater turtle (Trachemys scripta) with epiillumination microscopy, we show that topical application of acetylcholine (ACh) induces an increase in CBF velocity that can be completely blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The effect of L-NAME was reversed by L-arginine. Also, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which decomposes to liberate NO, caused an increase in CBF velocity. By contrast, L-NAME could not block the increase in blood flow velocity caused by anoxia. Interestingly, superfusing the brain with ACh or SNP during anoxia had no effect on the blood flow velocity. The results suggest that NO is an endogenous vasodilator in the turtle brain, mediating the effects of ACh during normoxia. By contrast, anoxia does not rely on NO as a vasodilator.
Metastatic prostate cancer mimicking thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

[Figure][1] A 47-year-old African American man presented with lightheadedness and exertional dyspnea. Laboratory work revealed: hemoglobin, 2.9 g/dL; platelets, 17 × 109/L; and lactate dehydrogenase, 1492 IU/L. Folate, B12, and coagulation studies were normal. His peripheral smear showed
Self-report versus direct measurement for assessment of fluid intake during a 70.3-mile triathlon.

PURPOSE Self-report (SR) has been the primary method used to assess fluid intake during endurance events, but unfortunately, little is known about the validity of SR. The purpose of this study was to compare SR fluid intake with direct measurement (DM) during a 70.3-mile triathlon. METHODS Fifty-three (42 men, 11 women) individuals competing in a 70.3-mile triathlon participated in the study. On the 13.1-mile-run section of the triathlon, 11 research stations provided fluid in bottles filled with 163 mL of water or carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage (CEB). Participants submitted bottles 25 m past aid stations to be reweighed postrace. Participants also answered questions regarding fluid intake postrace. Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement were used to assess precision of the measures, while least-squares regression assessed linear agreement. RESULTS SR intakes during the run ranged from 0-1793, 0-1837, and 0-2628 mL for water, CEB, and total fluid, with corresponding DM intakes of 0-1599, 0-1642, and 0-2250 mL. DM and SR showed strong linear agreement for water, CEB, and total fluid (R2=.71, .80, and .80). Mean differences between the measures on the Bland-Altman plots were small (13-41 mL), but relatively large differences (±500 mL) between the measures were apparent for some participants. CONCLUSIONS SR is the predominant methodology used in field studies assessing hydration, despite little to no data confirming its validity. The results herein suggest that fluid-intake-assessment methodology should be chosen on a case-by-case basis and that caution should be used when interpreting data based on SR.
Modelisation systemique de vehicules hybrides en vue de la prediction de leurs performances energetiques et dynamiques-Construction de la bibliotheque de modeles VEHLIB

La prise en compte de l'environnement dans les developpements futurs de la mobilite a conduit les pouvoirs publics et les constructeurs a etudier les possibilites de limitation des emissions de polluants et specialement celles de CO 2 , gaz en partie responsable de l'effet de serre. Ces emissions etant directement proportionnelles a la consommation de carburant, la reduction de celle-ci conduit, en plus du gain energetique et economique, a une limitation du CO 2 emis. La solution hybride, qui associe plusieurs sources d'energie a bord d'un vehicule, constitue une solution envisageable pour la reduction de la consommation de carburant et des emissions de polluants. Neanmoins, cette solution peut presenter des degres de complexite eleves, tant dans ses differentes architectures possibles que dans la diversite des composants susceptibles d'etre utilises. Une approche combinant simulation et mesure est dans ce cas ideale pour une analyse fine et bien hierarchisee des differentes solutions d'hybridation, ainsi que pour la quantification de leur apport en termes d'economie d'energie. Cette approche s'appuyant sur une representation systemique du vehicule est detaillee dans cet article. Elle rend compte des principes utilises, ainsi que des hypotheses adoptees pour la modelisation des differents organes du vehicule. Une bibliotheque de modeles, que nous avons appelee VEHLIB, est construite en federant ces differents modeles dans une base coherente et modulaire. Un organe donne peut disposer dans VEHLIB d'un ou plusieurs modeles, de niveaux de complexite differents selon le phenomene etudie et le temps de calcul souhaite. Afin de demontrer la validite, ainsi que l'interet de cette approche, l'exemple d'un modele de vehicule conventionnel muni d'un moteur diesel et d'une boite de vitesse cinq rapports est developpe a partir des modeles de VEHLIB. On compare en termes de consommation d'energie des simulations et des mesures effectuees au banc dynamometrique. Les ecarts observes sont du meme ordre que les erreurs de mesure (inferieurs a 5 %), ce qui permet de conclure a une bonne adequation des modeles. En ajoutant le modele d'une batterie et d'un moteur electrique au modele de vehicule conventionnel, nous avons pu ensuite simuler un vehicule hybride dont les resultats de consommation de carburant sont compares a ceux du vehicule de reference.