Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitness assessment using step tests.

The current interest in physical conditioning has resulted, to a large degree, from the desire of many individuals to improve their ability to sustain physical activity without fatigue. To safely participate in a conditioning program, an individual should first learn his initial fitness level. The step test is simple and accurate and is found in many laboratories and physicians' offices. The physical exercise should last long enough to adjust the individual's circulation and respiration to that of the level of exercise, usually three to four minutes. In addition, the work rate should be sufficiently stressful to result in a steady-state heart rate greater than 120 and less than 170 beats per minute. For most untrained adolescents and adults, this intensity of effort can be achieved using a single-stage step test of 16 in and a stepping frequency of 20 to 25 steps per minute. The single-stage step test can be used to assess more fit individuals simply by increasing stepping frequency (raising the height above 16 in is not recommended because of premature leg fatigue in heavy individuals and those of short stature). Multistage step tests are based on the same requirements as those of the single-stage test except that the multistage test provides a gradual increase in work rate and a termination level that often exceeds the exertional level experienced in a single-stage test. The multistage test can be used not only for providing reliable measurements of cardiovascular fitness but also, with the appropriate equipment, for the diagnosis of cardiovascular abnormalities. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three New Caffeoyl Glycosides from the Roots of Picrorhiza Scrophulariiflora

From the underground parts of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora, three new caffeoyl glycosides, scrocaffeside A-C (1-3), together with two caffeic acid derivates, 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl caffeic acid (4) and 4-methoxycaffeic acid (5) and a phenylethanoid glycoside, scroside D (6), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence and comparisons with literature data of related compounds.
Elliptic slot antenna for broadband wireless communications

This paper presents the design of a broadband antenna suitable for wireless communications operating over the frequency range of 3.1–10.6GHz. Parametric studies on the effect of stub and elliptic slot have been carried out to arrive at optimum dimensions to achieve enhanced bandwidth of the proposed antenna. An experimental antenna has been designed and tested to validate the proposed design. Measured return loss characteristics have been compared against the simulation results. Simulated radiation patterns at 3.1GHz, 6.85GHz and 10.6GHz have also been presented in this paper.
Histofluorescent localization of serotonin and dopamine in the nervous system and gill of Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia).

Monoamine localization was accomplished in Mytilus edulis by the use of histofluorescence. Intracellular stores of dopamine and serotonin were found to be synthesized in the proper neuron and transported down the axon to the terminal varicosities.Most of the cells in the cortex of the cerebral and visceral ganglia were non-fluorescent. Of the fluorescent cells, serotonin predominated in the cerebral ganglion and dopamine predominated in the visceral ganglion. There was a net flow of serotonin in the cerebro-visceral connective from the cerebral to the visceral ganglion and a net flow of dopamine in the opposite direction.Serotonin fluorescence was localized in intracellular granules in neurons and blood cells. Dopamine fluorescence was distributed homogenously in neurons and in the supporting rod of the gill. The visceral ganglion supplies the gill with nerve fibers of both types.Exogenously supplied serotonin and dopamine were taken up by both kinds of nerve cells and by some other tissues. Endogenous st.
4-Methylbenzylammonium nitrate

In the title salt, C8H12N+·NO3 −, the N atom of the 4-methylbenzylammonium cation is displaced by 1.366 (2) Å from the mean plane of the other atoms. In the crystal, the cations are connected to the anions by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, generating a layered network parallel to (100). A weak C—H⋯O interaction also occurs.
Delay-Aware Program Codes Dissemination Scheme in Internet of Everything

Due to recent advancements in big data, connection technologies, and smart devices, our environment is transforming into an “Internet of Everything” (IoE) environment. These smart devices can obtain new or special functions by reprogramming: upgrade their soft systems through receiving new version of program codes. However, bulk codes dissemination suffers from large delay, energy consumption, and number of retransmissions because of the unreliability of wireless links. In this paper, a delay-aware program dissemination (DAPD) scheme is proposed to disseminate program codes with fast, reliable, and energy-efficient style. We observe that although total energy is limited in wireless sensor network, there exists residual energy in nodes deployed far from the base station. Therefore, DAPD scheme improves the performance of bulk codes dissemination through the following two aspects. Due to the fact that a high transmitting power can significantly improve the quality of wireless links, transmitting power of sensors with more residual energy is enhanced to improve link quality. Due to the fact that performance of correlated dissemination tends to degrade in a highly dynamic environment, link correlation is autonomously updated in DAPD during codes dissemination to maintain improvements brought by correlated dissemination. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, compared with previous work, DAPD scheme improves the dissemination performance in terms of completion time, transmission cost, and the efficiency of energy utilization.
Hemicentral Retinal Artery Occlusion in a Breast Cancer Patient Using Anastrozole

Background: Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is commonly used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Anastrozole treatment is associated with a risk of thromboembolic events and retinal vascular side effects. Herein, we present a case of hemicentral retinal artery occlusion diagnosed in a breast cancer patient using anastrozole. Case Report: A 53-year-old woman with a hypertensive and diabetic background was admitted to our hospital with breast cancer. Anastrozole treatment was started after surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Sudden painless loss of vision in the patient’s right eye occurred within 13 months of Anastrozole treatment. A fluorescein angiogram revealed hemicentral retinal artery occlusion. Conclusion: To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of hemicentral retinal artery occlusion in an anastrozole user.
Investigation of the Incidence and Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Early Lactation Period Cows

The aim of this study was to compare the results of the California mastitis test (CMT) and bacteriological culture for detection of subclinical intramammary infections after 10 days postpartum. Samples were collected from 102 cows. The CMT was performed once on each cow. The results of bacteriological culture and the CMT were compared in 344 milk samples. Two hundred fifty samples were CMT (+) and 94 samples were CMT (-); 224 samples were bacteriologic culture (+) and 120 samples were culture (-). Both CMT and culture (+) samples numbered 212, CMT and culture (-) samples 82, CMT (+) and culture (-) samples 38, and CMT (-) and culture (+) samples 12. Sensitivity of the CMT score was 94%, specificity was 68%, positive predictive value was 84%, negative predictive value was 87%, and accuracy rate was 85%. In conclusion, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the early lactation period was high and the CMT was a reliable method for its detection in this period.
Resistance of SHP-null Mice to Bile Acid-induced Liver Damage*

The orphan nuclear hormone receptor SHP (gene designation NROB2) is an important component of a negative regulatory cascade by which high levels of bile acids repress bile acid biosynthesis. Short term studies in SHP null animals confirm this function and also reveal the existence of additional pathways for bile acid negative feedback regulation. We have used long term dietary treatments to test the role of SHP in response to chronic elevation of bile acids, cholesterol, or both. In contrast to the increased sensitivity predicted from the loss of negative feedback regulation, the SHP null mice were relatively resistant to the hepatotoxicity associated with a diet containing 0.5% cholic acid and the much more severe effects of a diet containing both 0.5% cholic acid and 2% cholesterol. This was associated with decreased hepatic accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides in the SHP null mice. There were also alterations in the expression of a number of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, notably cholesterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1), which was strongly reexpressed in the SHP null mice, but not the wild type mice fed either bile acid containing diet. This contrasts with the strong repression of CYP8B1 observed with short term bile acid feeding, as well as the effects of long term feeding on other bile acid biosynthetic enzymes such as cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). CYP8B1 expression could contribute to the decreased toxicity of the chronic bile acid treatment by increasing the hydrophilicity of the bile acid pool. These results identify an unexpected role for SHP in hepatotoxicity and suggest new approaches to modulating effects of chronically elevated bile acids in cholestasis.
Morphological growth and thorax dimensions among Tibetan compared to Han children, adolescents and young adults born and raised at high altitude

Summary. Background: Studies comparing the growth of indigenous high-altitude Aymara children and children of low-altitude European descent who have been born and raised at high altitude in the Andes have provided evidence for genetically-determined differences in thorax growth, as well as for population differences in height, weight and other measures of overall size. Comparable studies now can be undertaken in Asia because of the growing number of Han Chinese who have been born and raised at high altitude on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Aim: The study compares the growth of indigenous Tibetan children and children of Han descent who have been born and raised at the same high altitudes, and under similar socio-economic conditions. Subjects and methods: Measurements of stature, sitting height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, upper arm muscle area, transverse chest diameter, anterio-posterior chest diameter, and chest circumference were taken on 1439 Tibetan and Han males and females between the ages of 6 and 29 years who were born and raised 3200 m, 3800 m or at 4300 m in the high altitude province of Qinghai in western China. Results: Han–Tibetan differences in body size do not occur systematically for any measurement, for any age group, or for either gender; nor is there a systematic pattern of body size differences between 3200 m and 4300 m. This indicates that there are no differences in general growth between the two groups at high altitude in Qinghai, although both groups grow more slowly than urban children at low altitude in China. On the other hand, Tibetan males possess significantly deeper chests than Han males, and Tibetan females possess significantly wider chests than Han females. Tibetans of both sexes possess significantly larger chest circumferences than Han males and females. Conclusions: Although genetic similarities cannot be ruled out, comparable dietary stress is a likely explanation for the similar and slow morphological growth of Han and Tibetans at high altitude. However, Han–Tibetan differences in thorax dimensions are likely a consequence of population (genetic) differences in the response to hypoxia during growth.
Prognosis of Depression Treated by Electric Convulsion Therapy

of patients with a combination of streptomycin and isoniazid to be more effective than treatment with either drug alone, even in the early stages, when development of resistant strains of tubercle bacilli would probably not have occurred. When either streptomycin or isoniazid alone was added to our cultures, in most experiments resistant strains eventually replaced the sensitive bacilli which had been killed. When the two drugs were added together resistant strains did not emerge. These results are analogous to the observation that a, combination of streptomycin and isoniazid prevents or delays the development of resistant strains in pulmonary tubercuilosis (Medical Research Council, 1953a).
Uneven distribution of excitatory amino acid receptors on ventral horn neurones of newborn rat spinal cord.

1. The distribution of excitatory amino acid receptors on ventral horn neurones was investigated using slices of newborn rat spinal cord. 2. The neurone and the tip of the pipette used to inject amino acids were visualized using Lucifer Yellow under a fluorescent microscope. The pipette was precisely located on the soma and dendrite of the neurone under visual control, and L‐glutamate (Glu), L‐aspartate (Asp), N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA), kainate (KA) and quisqualate (Quis) were ionophoretically applied with a short pulse. The potential changes were intracellularly recorded from the soma. 3. Sensitivity to Glu as tested with short pulses (1‐2 ms) was almost the same at the soma and along dendrites. 4. The amplitude of the responses to NMDA produced at the soma and the proximal part of the dendrite was about the same as that of Glu, but smaller than that of Glu at the distal part of the dendrite. Suppression of the Glu potential by an NMDA receptor antagonist, 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (APV), was greater at the soma than at the dendrite, suggesting that the contribution of NMDA receptors to the Glu potential was greater at the soma. 5. Sensitivity to Asp was about one‐half that to Glu sensitivity on the soma and even less on the dendrite. Sensitivity to KA was high at the soma and low at the dendrite. However, Quis responses were produced throughout the neurone. 6. The Quis response induced by the application of a short pulse showed two phases: a fast response followed by a very slow depolarization that lasted more than 10 s. 7. The fast Quis response was easily desensitized and insensitive to APV. The time course of the fast Quis potential was shorter than that of Glu. 8. The slow Quis response was more pronounced at the dendrites than at the soma and was reduced by the intracellular injection of EGTA, suggesting the contribution of Ca2+ in the cell, possibly mediated by a second messenger system. 9. Experimental results suggest that the distribution of excitatory amino acid receptors differs between the soma and the dendrites of spinal neurones.
Prescription Opioid Misuse, Abuse, and Treatment in the United States: An Update.

OBJECTIVE Prescription opioid abuse and dependence have escalated rapidly in the United States over the past 20 years, leading to high rates of overdose deaths and a dramatic increase in the number of people seeking treatment for opioid dependence. The authors review the scope of the abuse and overdose epidemic, prescription practices, and the assessment, treatment, and prevention of prescription opioid misuse and dependence. METHOD The authors provide an overview of the literature from 2006 to the present, with the twin goals of highlighting advances in prevention and treatment and identifying remaining gaps in the science. RESULTS A number of policy and educational initiatives at the state and federal government level have been undertaken in the past 5 years to help providers and consumers, respectively, prescribe and use opioids more responsibly. Initial reports suggest that diversion and abuse levels have begun to plateau, likely as a result of these initiatives. While there is a large body of research suggesting that opioid substitution coupled with psychosocial interventions is the best treatment option for heroin dependence, there is limited research focusing specifically on the treatment of prescription opioid dependence. In particular, the treatment of chronic pain in individuals with prescription opioid use disorders is underexplored. CONCLUSIONS While policy and educational initiatives appear to be effective in decreasing prescription opioid abuse and misuse, research focusing on the development and evaluation of treatments specific to prescription opioid dependence and its common comorbidities (e.g., chronic pain, depression) is critically needed.
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection has been associated with various extra-hepatic manifestations, and diabetes mellitus is one of these. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus cause long-term complications in affected patients. Moreover, both disorders are common. Methods: In this study 300 patients with previously confirmed diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes according to World Health Organization criteria. The presence of hepatitis C virus infection was tested by third generation ELISA kit. Results: Out of 300 diabetics, 33 were found to be anti-HCV positive and all of them had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum alanine aminotransferase level was raised in positive cases as compared to the seronegative patients. Conclusion: The results show that there is a strong association between HCV and T2DM in the region as evident from significantly higher prevalence of HCV infection in diabetics as compared to the control group in the present study.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-mediated iron traffic in kidney epithelia

Purpose of reviewNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily of carrier proteins. NGAL is the first known mammalian protein which specifically binds organic molecules called siderophores, which are high-affinity iron chelators. Here, we review the expression, siderophore-dependent biological activities and clinical significance of NGAL in epithelial development and in kidney disease. Recent findingsNGAL expression is rapidly induced in the nephron in response to renal epithelial injury. This has led to the establishment of NGAL assays that detect renal damage in the human. Additionally, only when complexed with siderophore and iron as a trimer, NGAL induces mesenchymal–epithelial transition (or nephron formation) in embryonic kidney in vitro and protects adult kidney from ischemia–reperfusion injury in vivo. While the structure of the NGAL: siderophore: iron complex has thus far only been solved for bacterially synthesized siderophores, new evidence suggests the presence of mammalian siderophore-like molecules. SummaryNGAL is rapidly and massively induced in renal epithelial injury and NGAL: siderophore: iron complexes may comprise a physiological renoprotective mechanism. The data have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal injury.
EVIDENCE BASED PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE Antismoking television advertising and socioeconomic variations in calls to Quitline

Objective: To assess the socioeconomic variations in call rates to the Quitline (Victoria, Australia) and in the impact of anti-tobacco television advertising on call rates. Design: The outcome measure was the number of calls to the Quitline in Victoria for each week for each socioeconomic group for the period January 2001 to March 2004. Socioeconomic status (SES) was derived from the caller’s postcode using the Index of Socioeconomic Disadvantage provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The exposure measure was weekly Target Audience Rating Points (TARPs, a standard measure of television advertising weight) for anti-tobacco advertising broadcast in Victoria over the same period. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the interaction of SES and TARPs in their effect on the number of Quitline calls. Results: SES and call rates were positively associated. Adjusted call rate was 57% (95% CI 45% to 69%) higher in the highest than the lowest SES quintile. SES differences in call rates were stable over time. In the study period, the effect of the presence or increasing levels of antismoking TARPs on call rates did not vary across categories of SES. Conclusions: In the study period, different SES groups had a similar level of responsiveness to antismoking television advertisements, at least as measured by the rate of calls to the Quitline. However, the present media campaigns are not likely to diminish SES differences in call rates, and more needs to be done to encourage disadvantaged groups to call the Quitline.
High definition videoconferencing: the future of collaboration in healthcare and education

The rapidly developing video technology and Internet market combined with the need of collaboration over distance has led us to design and develop a new videoconferencing system using High Definition (HD) picture. Our aim was to create an open and scalable platform based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), making it easier to create and deploy new services and extend the platform’s functionality. Not only business but also healthcare, education and home users where in the focus of our project, therefore we have tried to identify and implement the most cost-effective hardware and software solutions. In this paper we describe the methodology, usage scenarios and user requirements in the area of healthcare and education. We give a thorough summary of technologies used in the media, control and network planes of the project. We finalize the paper with the description of the current progress as well as conclusions and future plans.
Topologically-Partitioned Power System State Estination

Estimating the state of a large electric power system is an ill-conditioned computational task simply because of its size. This paper describes a technique which reduces the large state estimation problem to a set of smaller least-squares problems plus the solution of a square system. An observability algorithm developed earlier is used to partition the system into sub- networks whose states are estimated separately. These separate estimates are reconciled using the solution of an interconnecting subnetwork consisting entirely of measurements whose removal would render the full system unobservable. Under appropriate conditions, this partitioned state estimate is identical with the usual full least-squares estimate. Details of the implementation of this algorithm are given, and its application to the IEEE 30-bus network is described.