Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Hong Kong Chinese version of the Patient-rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire for lateral epicondylitis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the reliability and validity of a dedicated assessment tool for lateral epicondylitis after translation into Hong Kong Chinese. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING District hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Seventy-four patients, 12 of whom were bilingual, were recruited (total of 82 elbows). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Translation equivalence and reliability were measured with the test-retest method. Validity was measured against the Roles and Maudsley outcome score and mean maximal grip strength. RESULT The Patient-rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire had high English-Chinese equivalence (Spearman's rho correlation coefficient=0.926; P<0.001). It was also very reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99; P<0.001). Validity according to the Roles and Maudsley outcome score and mean of maximal grip strength was significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The Hong Kong Chinese version of Patient-rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire is a reliable and valid assessment tool for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Its equivalence to the original English version makes outcome assessment across cultural barrier feasible.
LOWER LIMB ASYMMETRIES IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS ATHLETES.

BACKGROUND Different limb training demands and limb preference may determine anthropometric and muscle force inter-limb asymmetries in Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) athletes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of lateral preference of the lower extremity on anthropometric, range of motion, and isokinetic torque measurements of RG athletes. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study. METHODS Lower limb anthropometric measurements (girth, estimated anatomical cross-sectional area), hip, knee and ankle range of motion, flexor and extensor isokinetic torques (angular velocities = 60, 180, e 240 °·s(-1)) and bilateral asymmetry index were evaluated in 11 international level Rhythmic Gymnastics athletes (17.9 ± 4.0 years of age; 9.1 ± 5,1 years of experience; 26.8 ± 6.0 weekly training hours). RESULTS The preferred limb showed larger thigh girth and anatomical cross-sectional area, higher ankle dorsiflexor range of motion, higher hip flexor torque at 60 °·s(-1) and higher plantarflexor torque at 180 °·s(-1) compared to the non-preferred limb. CONCLUSIONS The observed differences seem to be strictly related to lateral preference and rhythmic gymnastics training. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE 3.
Capability Maturity Model and Metrics Framework for Cyber Cloud Security

Cyber space is affecting all areas of our life. Cloud computing is the cutting-edge technology of this cyber space and has established itself as one of the most important resources sharing technologies for future on-demand services and infrastructures that support Internet of Things (IOTs), big data platforms and software-defined systems/services. More than ever, security is vital for cloud environment. There exist several cloud security models and standards dealing with emerging cloud security threats. However, these models are mostly reactive rather than proactive and they do not provide adequate measures to assess the overall security status of a cloud system. Out of existing models, capability maturity models, which have been used by many organizations, offer a realistic approach to address these problems using management by security domains and security assessment on maturity levels. The aim of the paper is twofold: first, it provides a review of capability maturity models and security metrics; second, it proposes a cloud security capability maturity model (CSCMM) that extends existing cyber security models with a security metric framework.
Linearity considerations for multi-standard cellular base station transmitters

Contemporary cellular base stations are becoming increasingly multi-standard for improved efficiency and manageability. Primary among prospective multi-standard base station deployments will be those that are reconfigurable but also capable of simultaneous transmission of several cellular signals. The simultaneous transmission of multiple cellular signals however poses a challenge for design, in particular the linearity requirements of the transceiver. In order to identify the feasibility of multi-mode transmission, we present an overview of transmitter non-linearity (OIP3) requirements for future multi-standard, multi-carrier, macro-cell base stations based on first-order approximations, highlighting the dynamic range issue. Simulation and measurement results are also presented.
Ultrastructural localization of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in the rat medial nucleus tractus solitarius: Relationships with neuropeptide Y or catecholamine neurons

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor (Y1‐R) agonists influence cardiovascular regulation. These actions may involve NPY‐ and catecholamine‐containing neurons in the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS), at the level of the area postrema. The cellular sites through which Y1‐R agonists may interact with NPY and catecholamines in the mNTS, however, are not known. To determine potential sites of action for Y1‐R agonists, and their relationship to NPY or catecholamines in the mNTS, we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry for the detection of sequence‐specific antipeptide antisera against Y1‐R alone or in combination with antisera against NPY or the catecholamine‐synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Analyses were conducted in the rat mNTS, at the level of the area postrema. Y1‐R was found mainly in small unmyelinated axons and axon terminals but also in some somata and dendrites as well as a small number of glia. Within axon terminals, labeling for Y1‐R was often present on dense core vesicles and small synaptic vesicles as well as extrasynaptic areas of the plasmalemma. Some Y1‐R‐labeled terminals also contained NPY or TH, suggesting that agonists of Y1‐R may influence the release of NPY or catecholamines in the mNTS. In addition, Y1‐R was found in dendrites that received asymmetric excitatory‐type synapses from unlabeled axon terminals. Some of these dendrites contained NPY or TH, which indicates that Y1‐R may be targeted for functional activation within NPY‐ or catecholamine‐expressing neurons in the mNTS. These results demonstrate that Y1‐R is a presynaptic receptor in NPY‐ or catecholamine‐containing axon terminals within the mNTS as well as a postsynaptic receptor on NPY‐ or catecholamine‐containing neurons that are contacted by axon terminals that likely contain excitatory amino acid transmitters. Agonists of Y1‐R in the mNTS may thus affect cardiovascular regulation by modulating NPY, catecholamine, and excitatory amino acid transmission. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Size and Price-to-Book Effects in Stock Returns: Evidence from Chinese Stock Markets

ii Acknowledgments.iii List of Tables . vi List of Figures . vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.1 Size and Price-to-Book Effects in Stock Returns . 4 2.2 Influence of Monetary Policy . 5 2.3 Evidence on the International Markets . 6 2.4 Chinese Markets.7 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY . 11 3.1 Data . 11 3.2 Variables . 12 3.3 Portfolios . 14 3.4 Monetary Environment . 15 CHAPTER IV: RESULT AND DISCUSSION . 17 4.1 Size-effect . 17 4.2 Price-to-Book Effect . 19 4.3 Influence of Monetary Policy . 20
Ethics in Knowledge Dissemination

In the modern socio-economic scenario, knowledge dissemination has turn out to be an essential topic. Effective knowledge dissemination is significant for the organizations as knowledge is shared not only with people working within the organizations but with a long list of stakeholders attached with the organization. Dissemination of knowledge has drawn a wide attention to related ethical considerations, as sometimes information shared in unregulated and subversive ways or unreliable or false information is shared with people. To understand the role of ethics in knowledge dissemination in organizations this chapter provides a discussion of implications of the questions of relevance, predicament and systems of ethical knowledge diffusion. Further the author illustrates distortion of information or knowledge for selfinterest, their causes and effects with relevant examples. The chapter identifies the ethics of “informal” and unauthorized transfer of information, and proposes solutions and approach to deal with the problem.
Evaluating cancer ’ s metabolome for diagnosis and therapy

ations at the genetic, epigenetic and metabolic level. Thus it is evident that it cannot be studied and understood mechanistically on a single layer – making the evaluation of cancer biology a prime example for systems biology. The in depth analyses of cancer in vitro led to important discoveries, however, the in vivo situation adds multiple more layers of complexity and represents a pivotal reason why current and novel therapies often fail in the clinic. The HepatomaSys consortium has taken on this challenge and tries to connect the present knowledge using state of the art technology, engineering and mathematical modeling in order to decode the metabolic program of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Household portfolio channel of credit shocks transmission: The Case of Iran

In this study, we use a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to investigate the household portfolio channel of monetary and credit shocks transmission in Iran. In this regard, we developed a canonical New Keynesian DSGE model with financial and banking sectors. The model is estimated by Bayesian method for the period 1990-2012. The result showed that the current and expected prices of financial and physical assets affected their optimal proportions in household portfolio. Second, banking sector had a significant impact on the household portfolio composition and also on the real sector variables. More specifically, a positive deposit rate shock reduced the proportions of financial and physical assets in household portfolio and increased marginal cost and inflation. This shock decreased investment and output. Third, a positive shock on stock price had negative effects on demand for other assets in household portfolio but these effects were discharged rapidly. Moreover, the housing price shock had similar effects on demand for mentioned assets but the effects were discharged slowly. The results emphasized the role of credit, banking and assets markets sectors in financial fluctuation, business cycles and monetary transmission in Iran.
YopJ of Yersinia spp. Is Sufficient To Cause Downregulation of Multiple Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Eukaryotic Cells

ABSTRACT Pathogenic Yersinia spp. utilize a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system to deliver a set of Yop effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have shown that the effector YopJ is required for Yersinia to cause downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 in infected macrophages. Here we demonstrate that YopJ is sufficient to cause downregulation of multiple MAP kinases in eukaryotic cells. Cellular fractionation experiments confirmed that YopJ is delivered into the cytoplasmic fraction of macrophages by the type III system. Production of YopJ in COS-1 cells by transfection significantly reduced (5- to 10-fold) activation of JNK, p38, and ERK in response to several different stimuli, including serum and tumor necrosis factor alpha. JNK activation mediated by RacV12, an activated mutant of Rac1, was also blocked by YopJ in COS-1 cells, indicating that YopJ acts downstream of this small GTPase to downregulate MAP kinase signaling. Analysis of transfected COS-1 cells by immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that YopJ is recruited from the cytoplasmic compartment to the cell periphery in response to stimuli (e.g., serum) that induce membrane ruffling. These data indicate that YopJ functions as a “MAP kinase toxin” to selectively block nuclear responses that are triggered byYersinia-host cell interaction.
Tracing the place of home. The specificities, policies and dilemmas of Luxembourg's housing sector

Terms such as “transition” or “transformation” have been proliferating in recent debates on climate change mitigation, sustainable development, and discussions of post-growth scenarios. Perhaps for want of a better term, they are used to grasp the notion of a need for a more fundamental change in how societies deal with pertinent issues such as resource depletion, environmental justice and social equity. Both terms indicate a directed process from “here” to “there”, or in other words, from a currently problematic situation to something fundamentally different and considerably better (e.g. sustainable). While this process character is also inherent to the concept of sustainable development, both “transition” and “transformation” suggest that a particular time window might imminently be used for a decisive “leap forward”. Other than “evolution” or “development”, these terms are substantially more value laden and imply a more radical shift, encompassing pivotal changes in the economic and social spheres.
Smart nodes of internet of things (IoT): a hardware perspective view & implementation

A lot of efforts have been done on software layer to propose the idea of Internet of Things (IoT). However, the functionality of IoT highly depends on the implementation of its end nodes. And there is little attention about realization of such IoT Smart Nodes. As mixed signal IC researchers, we analyze the urgent needs of IoT Smart Nodes and their implementation challenges. We focus this talk on the two of the most important practical issues: energy harvesting & regulating, and wireless transceiver. A high efficient self-sustained energy harvester inside the Smart Nodes can power numerous possibilities to IoT network. For the various inputs, it should accommodate nonlinear energy sources and achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). As it is considered the most power hungry part, the wireless transceiver in the IoT Smart Nodes needs special focus to minimize its power consumption. The transceiver should adapt its power consumption based on the available amount of the energy and the amount of the transferred data in time
Role of voltage‐dependent calcium channels in stimulus–secretion coupling in rabbit carotid body chemoreceptor cells

We have defined Ca2+ channel subtypes expressed in rabbit carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor cells and their participation in the stimulus‐evoked catecholamine (CA) release. Ca2+ currents (ICa) activated at –30 mV, peaked at +10 mV and were fully blocked by 200 μm Cd2+. L‐type channels (sensitive to 2 μm nisoldipine) activated at –30 mV and carried 21 ± 2% of total ICa. Non‐L‐type channels activated at potentials positive to –10 mV and carried: N channels (sensitive to 1 μmω‐conotoxin‐GVIA) 16 ± 1% of total ICa, P/Q channels (sensitive to 3 μmω‐conotoxin‐MVIIC after nisoldipine plus GVIA) 23 ± 3% of total ICa and R channels (resistant to all blockers combined) 40 ± 3% of total ICa. CA release induced by hypoxia, hypercapnic acidosis, dinitrophenol (DNP) and high K+o in the intact CB was inhibited by 79–98% by 200 μm Cd2+. Hypoxia, hypercapnic acidosis and DNP, depolarized chemoreceptor cells and eventually generated repetitive action potential discharge. Nisoldipine plus MVIIC nearly abolished the release of CAs induced by hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis and reduced by 74% that induced by DNP. All these secretory responses were insensitive to GVIA. 30 and 100 mm K+o brought resting membrane potential (Em) of chemoreceptor cells (–48.1 ± 1.2 mV) to –22.5 and +7.2 mV, respectively. Thirty millimolar K+o‐evoked release was abolished by nisoldipine but that induced by 100 mm K+o was mediated by activation of L, N, and P/Q channels. Data show that tested stimuli depolarize rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells and elicit CA release through Ca2+ entry via voltage‐activated channels. Only L and P/Q channels are tightly coupled to the secretion of CA.
Helicobacter pylori antigen stool test and 13C-urea breath test in patients after eradication treatments

OBJECTIVES:Current guidelines recommend either the urea breath test (UBT) or the Helicobacter pylori antigen stool test (HpSA) for monitoring H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between the two tests in patients after treatment.METHODS:After eradication treatments, patients were tested with both UBT and HpSA. Cut-off values (δ value over baseline at 30′) for UBT were positive (≥5‰), indeterminate (3.01–4.99‰), and negative (≤3‰). Cut-off values (absorbance at 450 nm) for HpSA test were positive (≥0.160), indeterminate (0.159–0.140), and negative (<0.140). Patients with either discordant or indeterminate tests underwent repeat endoscopy with multiple gastric biopsies for rapid urease test (RUT), culture, histology, and immunohistochemistry to detect H. pylori and to assess the ratio between coccoid and bacillary forms.RESULTS:A total of 458 patients were studied. Of these, 422 (92.2%) had concordant tests, three (0.6%) indeterminate tests (one on UBT and two on HpSA), and 33 (7.2%) discordant tests. A total of 28 patients (25 with discordant and three with indeterminate tests) underwent endoscopy. The HpSA was inaccurate in 24 cases (18 false negative, four false positive, and two indeterminate results), whereas the UBT was inaccurate in four cases (two false positive, one false negative, and one indeterminate results). Biopsy-based tests showed no bacillary or coccoid forms in all five endoscoped patients who were negative on UBT and positive on HpSA, but in one in whom the ratio between coccoid and bacillary forms was 3:1 in the antrum and corpus.CONCLUSIONS:UBT and HpSA test give discordant or indeterminate results in nearly 8% of patients after treatment. The HpSA test is less accurate than the UBT. Coccoid forms do not cause false positive HpSA results.
Stock Market Efficiency Around Private Placement Announcements in India

This study examines the stock price reactions around private placements announcement in India. The sample consists of information technology and infrastructure sector from India. Event study methodology is used to analyze the announcement impact of private placements. Results suggest that Information technology firms on an average, yield positive average abnormal returns around private placement announcement. During the announcement window (one day before and after the announcement), firms reflect negative abnormal return. The study supports signaling hypothesis and concludes that Indian stock market is semi-strong form efficient as the news induced in the stock market is reflected in the stock prices. These results are consistent with studies conducted in United States, Sweden, Canada, and New Zealand.
A comparative study of robustness measures for cancer signaling networks

Network robustness stands for the capability of networks in resisting failures or attacks. Many robustness measures have been proposed to evaluate the robustness of various types of networks, such as small-world and scale-free networks. However, the robustness of biological networks is different for their special structures related to the unique functionality. Cancer signaling networks which show the information transformation of cancers in molecular level always appear with robust complex structures which mean information exchange in the networks do not depend on skimp pathways in which resulting the low rate of cure, high rate of recurrence and especially, the short time in survivability caused by constantly destruction of cancer. So a network metric that shows significant changes when one node is removed, and further to correlate that metric with survival probabilities for patients who underwent cancer chemotherapy is meaningful. Therefore, in this paper, the relationship between 14 typical cancer signaling networks robustness and those cancers patient survivability are studied. Several widely used robustness measures are included, and we find that the natural connectivity, in which the redundant circles are satisfied with the need of information exchange of cancer signaling networks, is negatively correlated to cancer patient survivability. Furthermore, the top three affected nodes measured by natural connectivity are obtained and the analysis on these nodes degree, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality are followed. The result shows that the node found are important so we believe that natural connectivity will be a great help to cancer treatment.
Mice lacking glial fibrillary acidic protein display astrocytes devoid of intermediate filaments but develop and reproduce normally.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of the intermediate filaments in cells of astroglial lineage, including astrocytes in the CNS, nonmyelin forming Schwann cells and enteric glia. To address the function of GFAP in vivo, we have disrupted the GFAP gene in mice via targeted mutation in embryonic stem cells. Mice lacking GFAP developed normally, reached adulthood and reproduced. We did not find any abnormalities in the histological architecture of the CNS, in their behavior, motility, memory, blood‐brain barrier function, myenteric plexi histology or intestinal peristaltic movement. Comparisons between GFAP and S‐100 immunohistochemical staining patterns in the hippocampus of wild‐type and mutant mice suggested a normal abundance of astrocytes in GFAP‐negative mice, however, in contrast to wild‐types, GFAP‐negative astrocytes of the hippocampus and in the white matter of the spinal cord were completely lacking intermediate filaments. This shows that the loss of GFAP intermediate filaments is not compensated for by the up‐regulation of other intermediate filament proteins, such as vimentin. The GFAP‐negative mice displayed post‐traumatic reactive gliosis, which suggests that GFAP up‐regulation, a hallmark of reactive gliosis, is not an obligatory requirement for this process.
Farms, Families, and Markets: New Evidence on Completeness of Markets in Agricultural Settings

The farm household model has played a central role in improving the understanding of small-scale agricultural households and non-farm enterprises. Under the assumptions that all current and future markets exist and that farmers treat all prices as given, the model simplifies households' simultaneous production and consumption decisions into a recursive form in which production can be treated as independent of preferences of household members. These assumptions, which are the foundation of a large literature in labor and development, have been tested and not rejected in several important studies including Benjamin (1992). Using multiple waves of longitudinal survey data from Central Java, Indonesia, this paper tests a key prediction of the recursive model: demand for farm labor is unrelated to the demographic composition of the farm household. The prediction is unambiguously rejected. The rejection cannot be explained by contamination due to unobserved heterogeneity that is fixed at the farm level, local area shocks or farm-specific shocks that affect changes in household composition and farm labor demand. We conclude that the recursive form of the farm household model is not consistent with the data. Developing empirically tractable models of farm households when markets are incomplete remains an important challenge.