Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Trends in the Use of Natural Antioxidants for Meat and Meat Products

Antioxidants are added to fresh and processed meat and meat products to prevent lipid oxidation, retard development of off-flavors, and improve color stability. In the food industry, they can be divided into natural and synthetic antioxidants. Synthetic antioxidants have been confirmed for their toxicological and carcinogenic effects. Thus, the food industry now chooses natural products over synthetic ones. This review provides an overview of the current trends in the use of antioxidants from natural sources, for potential applications in meat and meat products. These natural antioxidants contain some active compounds, which exert antioxidative potential in meat and meat products by different mechanisms of action. The efficient extraction of these antioxidants from their natural sources, along with establishing their in vitro and in producto antioxidant activity, has been a great challenge for researchers engaged in this field. Therefore, this review is focused on all these aspects, along with current studies related to this area, to provide in-depth information to readers.
Fungal and Bacterial Colonization of Submerged Leaf Litter in a Mediterranean Stream

Microbial colonization dynamics of fungi and bacteria were analyzed in an intermittent Mediterranean forested stream using two different leaf substrata (Platanus acerifolia and Populus nigra). Results showed that fungal and bacterial biomass accumulation was stimulated on both leaves due to a flooding episode that increased dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved oxygen (DO) availability in the stream water. Leaf mass loss coincided with the parallel increase in microbial biomass and extracellular enzymatic activities after the flood event. Differences in litter quality favoured bacterial biomass accumulation and β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase enzymatic activities in the soft Populus species. Microbial heterotrophs colonization of submerged leaf litter and organic matter use in Mediterranean-type streams are modulated by environmental conditions, especially the hydrological variability. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sex attractant for the poplar shoot‐borer, Gypsonoma aceriana (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

Gypsonoma aceriana, the poplar shoot-borer, is a common species in poplar plantations and nurseries, where it may cause serious damage by boring into buds and terminal shoots. By screening a number of monounsaturated alcohols and acetates it was found that a mixture of (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol acetate (E10-12:Ac) and (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol (E10-12:OH) in a ratio 7:3 attracts numerous males of G. aceriana. Traps baited with this mixture can be used to monitor flight activity of this moth. Zusammenfassung Ein Sexuallockstoff fur den Pappeltriebwickler, Gypsonoma aceriana (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) Der Pappeltriebwickler, Gypsonoma aceriana, ist eine der wichtigsten Schadinsekten im Pappelanbau. Bei starkem Befall fuhrt das Einbohren der Larven in den Terminaltrieben zu Kronenmisbildungen und Wachstumsverlusten. Mit dem Ziel, einen Sexuallockstoff fur diese Art zu finden, der sich zur Uberwachung der Art mit Monitorfallen eignet, wurden verschiedene potentielle Lockstoffkomponenten gepruft. Feldversuche 1982 zeigten das (E)-10-Dodecen-l-ol-acetat attraktiv fur G. aceriana und die nahe verwandte Art G. dealbana. Bei Hinzufugung von (E)-10-Dodecen-l-ol erhohten sich die Fange von G. aceriana. Kombinationen dieser zwei Komponenten wurden 1983 wiederum gepruft, und zwar in den Mischungsverhaltnissen 10:0, 9:1, 8:2 und 7:3. Es zeigte sich, das die Beifugung von Alkohol, die Fangrate von G. aceriana stark erhohte und jene von G. dealbana stark reduzierte. Die besten Fange von G. aceriana wurden mit einem Acetat-Alkohol-Verhaltnis von 7:3 erreicht. Mit dieser Lockstoffmischung kann die Flugaktivitat von G. aceriana gut uberwacht werden.
A Study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall Glucans

Much research has been carried out over the years examining cell wall glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and this study further examines aspects of the binding of (1r4)-α-D-glucan in the yeast cell wall, using a number of isolation techniques as well as monoclonal antibodies able to recognize a mixed (1r4)-α-D-glucan/(1r6)-β-D-glucan. Extraction of purified glucan, from S. cerevisiae cell wall, with 0.1N HCl, at 80°C for 6 h, released into the solution (1r4)-α-D-glucan and (1r6)-β-D-glucan as the major polysaccharides, along with an insoluble pellet highly enriched in (1r3)-β-D-glucan. The released (1r4)-α-D-glucan was composed of a high molecular size >100 kDa fraction (7.2% w/w) and a medium 5–50 kDa polysaccharide (10.2% w/w), with the (1r4)-α-D-glucan covalently bound to the (1r6)-β-D-glucan. The average molar ratio of the α:β glucan was 47: 53 in this mixed polysaccharide. The structure of this polysaccharide was different from the structure of plant starch or animal glycogen as monoclonal antibodies specific to yeast (1r4)-α-D-glucan/(1r6)-β-D-glucan did not recognize the plant starch or animal glycogen standards.
Seedless Watermelons Produced Via Soft-X-Irradiated Pollen

X-ray Abstract. Watermelon fruit that results from pollination with pollen irradiated with soft- X-ray contains only empty seed, although the fruit develops to a normal size. In this study the processes of fertilization and embryo formation were compared between unirradiated and irradiated pollen in order to reveal the mechanisms by which seedless fruits are generated. The use of soft-X-irradiated pollen resulted in normal pollen tube penetra- tion into the synergid and discharge of sperm cells. Two to three days after pollination, the sperm nucleus was present alongside the egg nucleus before fusion. The polar nuclei divided and the endosperm cell spread in the embryo sac before zygote division. A globular embryo was observed on day 7 to 10 after pollination. Subsequently, the embryo failed to differentiate to organ tissue and degenerated. These results indicate that double fertilization occurred after pollination with the irradiated pollen and that abortion of the embryo results from soft-X-ray induced chromosomal abnormalities in generative nucleus.
Phylogenetic relationships and population structure of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from diverse origins in Taiwan

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive disease for many crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of an R. solanacearum population from diverse origins in Taiwan. All 58 tested isolates belonged to phylotype I, except the two biovar 2 isolates from potato. These belonged to phylotype IIB sequevar 1 and were identical to known potato brown rot strains, which were probably introduced. Phylotype I isolates were grouped into 10 sequevars. Sequevar 15 was predominant (34 out of 56 isolates). Its distribution covered the whole island and it was largely associated with solanaceous crops such as tomato, and with tomato field soil. A total of 14 haplotypes were identified based on a partial endoglucanase gene sequence. Parsimony network analysis revealed that haplotype A was the oldest haplotype in the local population. It encompassed all but one of the sequevar 15 isolates. Large variation in virulence on tomato was observed among the 58 isolates, and seven pathotypes were identified. Significant genetic differentiation was detected among pathotypes. Moreover, genetic differentiation was detected between biovar 3 and biovar 4 subgroups and between the strains associated with solanaceous and non-solanaceous species, but none was detected between strains from different geographic origins. The results suggest that the phylotype I population in Taiwan is homogeneous, while mutation and local adaptation to specific ecological niches keep shaping the population. (Resume d'auteur)
Influence of temperature on production of lactic acid from kitchen garbage

The production of lactic acid from kitchen garbage, the precursor for production of biodegradableplastics is described in detail. The influence of temperature on the lactic acid concentration, sugar concentra-tion, and decrement of garbage were evaluated through experiments. Fermentation were carried out in an incu-bator at 5, 25, 37 and 50 ℃. The latic acid produced was maximum at initial pH 6.0 and 37 ℃ , i.e. 38 g/Lwith a yield of 0.23 g/gVS. It is concluded from the experimental results that temperature has quite a consider-able effect on the production of lactic acid; lactic acid concentration increases with temperature until 37 ℃ ,and production rate of lactic acid drops at 50 ℃; the optimal fermentation is 37 ℃. This study shows that pro-duction of lactic acid from kitchen garbage is feasible and reduction of garbage can be realized.
Genomes to Proteomes

Author(s): Panisko, Ellen A. ; Grigoriev, Igor; Daly, Don S. ; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo; Baker, Scott E. | Abstract: Biologists are awash with genomic sequence data. In large part, this is due to the rapid acceleration in the generation of DNA sequence that occurred as public and private research institutes raced to sequence the human genome. In parallel with the large human genome effort, mostly smaller genomes of other important model organisms were sequenced. Projects following on these initial efforts have made use of technological advances and the DNA sequencing infrastructure that was built for the human and other organism genome projects. As a result, the genome sequences of many organisms are available in high quality draft form.While in many ways this is good news, there are limitations to the biological insights that can be gleaned from DNA sequences alone; genome sequences offer only a bird's eye view of the biological processes endemic to an organism or community. Fortunately, the genome sequences now being produced at such a high rate can serve as the foundation for other global experimental platforms such as proteomics. Proteomic methods offer a snapshot of the proteins present at a point in time for a given biological sample. Current global proteomics methods combine enzymatic digestion, separations, mass spectrometry and database searching for peptide identification. One key aspect of proteomics is the prediction of peptide sequences from mass spectrometry data. Global proteomic analysis uses computational matching of experimental mass spectra with predicted spectra based on databases of gene models that are often generated computationally. Thus, the quality of gene models predicted from a genome sequence is crucial in the generation of high quality peptide identifications. Once peptides are identified they can be assigned to their parent protein. Proteins identified as expressed in a given experiment are most useful when compared to other expressed proteins in a larger biological context or biochemical pathway. In this chapter we will discuss the automatic annotation and the generation of high quality gene models, the setup and execution of global proteomics experiments that are quantitative and statistically rigorous and finally add biological context to proteomics.
Ethylene as a possible mediator of light‐induced inhibition of root growth

Eliasson, L. and Bollmark, M. 1988. Ethylene as a possible mediator of light-induced inhibition of root growth. - Physiol. Plant. 72: 605–609. Pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv. Weibull's Marma) were used to investigate the possible role of ethylene in light-induced inhibition of root elongation. Illumination of the roots with white light inhibited root elongation by 40–50% and increased ethylene production by the roots about 4-fold. Our main approach was to use exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), supplied in the growth solution, to monitor ethylene production of the roots independent of light treatment. Ethylene production of excised root tips increased with increasing ACC concentrations. The rate of ethylene production in dark-grown roots treated with 0.1 μM ACC was similar to that caused by illumination. Low ACC concentrations (0.01–0.1 μM) decreased the rate of root elongation, especially in seedlings grown in the dark, and 0.1 μM ACC inhibited elongation to about the same extent as light. In light the roots curved and grew partly plagiogravitropically. This effect was also simulated by the 0.1 μM ACC treatment. At 1 μM and higher concentrations, ACC inhibited root growth almost completely and caused conspicuous curvatures of the root tips both in light and darkness. Inhibitors of ethylene synthesis and action partially counteracted the inhibition of root elongation caused by light. These observations suggest that the increase in ethylene production caused by light is at least partly responsible for the decreased growth of light-exposed roots.
ETHNIC GENTRIFICATION THE SILENT FIGHT FOR A MACEDONIAN CITY 1

: Since the dissolution of Yugoslavia we can see a significant growth in the importance of ethnic identity in the Balkan states. In effect, since than an irredentist tendency can be seen in the region. The struggle for the creation of a monoethnic country turn into civil wars in the Balkan peninsula in the early 1990s. Macedonia, against a background of ex – republics of Yugoslavia, was relatively stable. However, it does not mean that the ethnicity did not play a great role in independent Macedonia. Ethnicity leaves its mark on politics, society and Macedonian cities. In recent years, the local government of Tetovo-a city in the north-western part of Macedonia-has been trying to impose a new identity. This local policy fits in with the wider national fight for national identity 2 and over possession of the city’s public spaces. Simultaneously, we can witness the process of Albanian community emancipation that has influenced social relations. As a result of the changes, the ethnic Macedonians are being pushed out from Tetovo, the second biggest city in the country. In this paper I will argue that what we are witnessing can be called Ethnic Gentrification. I will try to develop the concept of gentrification (Glass 1964) and briefly discuss the legitimacy of broadening well-established concepts.
KINEMATICS OF FEEDING BEHAVIOUR IN OPLURUS CUVIERI (REPTILIA: IGUANIDAE)

The kinematics of prey capture, reduction and transport to the oesophagus by the iguanian lizard Oplurus cuvieri were investigated using high-speed cinematography (100–200 frames s−1) and cineradiography (60 frames s−1). Thirty feeding sequences from four individuals were analysed. Feeding sequences were divided into four phases: capture, reduction, transport to the oesophagus and cleaning. Quantified kinematic profiles of the head, jaws, hyoid-tongue complex and displacements of the prey to (capture) and within (other phases) the buccal cavity are presented from cinematographic frames. Twenty additional variables, depicting maximal displacements and the timing of events, were calculated from the profiles. Variables documenting gape cycles were used in a first principal component analysis for studying the kinematic relationships between the phases. Markers were placed in the tongue of two individuals for cineradiographic study to illustrate displacements of the tongue. During prey capture, the jaw cycle is divided into slow opening (SO I and SO II), fast opening (FO) and fast closing (FC) stages. During the reduction phase, jaw cycles do not always involve an SO stage and the first reduction cycle never exhibits an SO stage. During transport, the duration of the SO stages is highly variable. During reduction and transport of the prey, the cyclic tongue movements are very similar. Gape opening during cleaning is not divided into two successive stages. We conclude (1) that the capture, reduction and cleaning cycles may be derived from the transport cycle, (2) that the SO stage is determined by tongue displacements in all the phases, (3) that, in the extensive intraoral food processing, related cyclic tongue-jaw displacements are not different, (4) that gape cycles do not always follow the Bramble and Wake model, and (5) that the evolutionary features proposed for Amniota by Reilly and Lauder are present.
Immuno-Gold Localization of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Peach Seedlings

The localization of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in peach seedlings (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch «Momo daigi Tsukuba 4») was investigated using immunocytochemical technique. In meristematic cells of root tip, the gold particles were accumulated in nucleolus, while in leaf cells, they were mainly associated to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Physiological meaning of these localizations was discussed
The Significance of Predynastic Canid Burials in Ancient Egypt

● n°25 février 2015 Dog burials have been found in Egypt dating as far back as the Badarian culture. During the Predynastic period they were found buried individually or in groups of two or more, associated with individual human burials, or within human cemeteries or settlements. The dogs have frequently been reported as pets, which appears to be a modern interpretation. By studying the early excavation reports and considering the positioning and the location of the dog burials, a pattern emerges suggesting that these burials were deliberate. They were located on the extremities of cemeteries, and when found directly associated with a human, the dog was placed at the foot of the grave. While the dogs may have been ‘pets’ in life, their function in the funerary context was that of a protector.
Effects of Alcea pallida L. (A.) and Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC infusions on swimming performance in mice

In Turkish folk medicine, Alcea pallida L. (A.) and Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC have been used for various purposes, such as expectorant, sedative, diuretic, diaphoretic, sedative activities etc. Since some of the folkloric uses may be related to anti‐stress (adaptogenic) activity, the effects of fresh infusions of A. pallida and T. argentea on mouse swimming performance were investigated. On the basis of our findings, these two plants prolonged the swimming time, suggesting an antistress (adaptogenic) activity.
Can the Body Temperature of a Hen be Used as a Clue to Her Egg-Laying Capacity?

Abstract In a former report (1921) the writer stated that “the average temperature of a normal chicken, regardless of the breed, varies from 104.6 to 109.4 degrees Farenheit, the average being 106.7 degrees Farenheit. ” As this character is very closely related to the bird’s condition at any time, it occurred to the writer’s mind that, possibly, some relationship might exist between body temperature and the egg-laying capacity of the hen, other conditions being normal. This thought led to the carrying out of the work, the results of which are now here reported. Observations were made on the following breeds : S. C. White Leghorn, White Wyandotte, Black Minorca, and Barred Plymouth Rock. About 300 birds were used including both hens and pullets in nearly equal numbers. They were fed the regular grain and mash ration used by the Department on the experimental farm on which these birds were housed. Ordinary “Tycos” .
SOLE PATTERNS OF TWINS

In the study of twins, one frequently desires to know whether or not they are of monozygotic or dizygotic origin. This question can be answered by examination of the placenta and membranes at birth, but when older children and adults are studied it is difficult, and often impossible, to do so. Work has been done on the general physical appearance, mentality, palm patterns, whorls of the hair, etc., but no definite data has been secured. This study was undertaken in the hope that the friction-ridge patterns on the sole of the foot might reveal some clue as to the type of twin from whom they were secured. Newman , 2 thinks that monozygotic twins are apt to have identical patterns, that they are found nearly always in this type of twin, but that unlike patterns do not disprove their monozygotic origin. Wilder also has remarked upon the striking similarity which sometimes occurs. He 4 states that while they are similar grossly, the Galton details are always different. Accurate information on this subject is lacking. Prints were secured from 87 pairs of twins living in Madison and vicinity; the process perfected by Professor Mathews being used in order that the fine details might be more readily studied. The youngest pair was one week old, and the oldest 85 years. Most of the subjects, however, were school children. Thirtythree pairs were male-male, 24 were female-female, and 30 were male-female. Of the 174 individuals examined, 96 were male and 78 female. The ratio of monozygotic to dizygotic twins has been variously stated. Newman 1 thinks that the monozygotic type occurs about 25 per cent. of the time, while De Lee 5 quotes Ahlfeld as stating that I5.55 per cent. of all twins are monozygotic. Ahlfeld's figures are, perhaps, more reliable because he examined the placentas and membranes in I,I57 twin births. The Wilder method is used in classifying the patterns and
Evidence for the role of climate in the local extinction of a cool-water triclad

Abstract Climate change is expected to alter freshwater communities and accelerate extinction, but the exact processes are poorly known. Here, we appraise interannual variation between 2 sympatric planarians (Crenobia alpina and Phagocata vitta) in upland Welsh streams over 25 y during which 1 of this pair (C. alpina) disappeared. We tested 3 nonexclusive hypotheses involving: 1) long-term changes in stream chemistry, 2) interspecific competition, and 3) climatic variation or directional change to explain this apparent local extinction. Several lines of evidence revealed potential exploitation competition between C. alpina and P. vitta. Coexistence was confined to conditions with high prey abundance (recorded as the abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) and summer temperatures <12.5°C, whereas P. vitta dominated at sites with higher temperature, greater discharge, and lower prey abundance. The loss of C. alpina in the Llyn Brianne experimental catchments coincided with the largest-ever positive amplification of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in 1989 to 1994, accompanied by increased stream temperature, increased winter discharge, 2 summer droughts, and markedly reduced prey abundance. We suggest that interspecific competition and this prolonged climatic event acted in concert to favor P. vitta over C. alpina. Since its local loss, summer stream temperatures have generally exceeded the favorable range for C. alpina and, coupled with weak dispersal ability, probably explain its continued absence. Our data are consistent with the prediction that extreme climatic events will affect small, fluctuating populations. Nevertheless, this case study demonstrates clear difficulties in identifying unequivocally the exact climatic processes causing extinction where: 1) evidence is confined to weak inference, 2) responses to complex climatic events are nonlinear, 3) interactions occur among species or between climate and ecological processes, and 4) assessments are made retrospectively following extinctions.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE AÇÚCARES EM PÊSSEGOS DA VARIEDADE BIUTI, ARMAZENADOS SOB CONDIÇÕES DE AMBIENTE E REFRIGERAÇÃO

This work had the objective to identify and to quantify the sugars of the 'Biuti' peaches stored under environment conditions (27,3oC; 70%UR) and refrigeration (4oC; 90%). The method utilized was chromatography in liquid phase. In both experiments that the sucrose was the sugar found in the largest amount, being just verified traces of glucose and frutose in some fruits. The experiment in environmental conditions the values of sucrose of the 3RD to the 9th day of storage didn't differ significantly, meantime in the 12th day, the fruits obtained low sucrose values, because the fruits were already in the senescence process. Now, in the experiment under refrigeration the increase in the values of sugars of the fruits happened during the whole storage. The values of sucrose, frutose and glucose values were higher than the values found in the experiment in environmental conditions.