Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of root canal treatment of molar teeth provided by Saudi dental students using hand and rotary preparation techniques: Pilot study

Aim: To compare the quality of root canal treatment provided by dental students in relation to different root canal preparation techniques. Materials and Methods: A pilot study was conducted at King Saud University. Root canal treatments of 46 molar teeth performed by 23 female dental students were included in this study. Each student prepared two molars teeth, first molar prepared with stainless steel (SS) hand K-files using step-back technique and the other molar prepared with ProFile rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) files in a crown-down manner. Preoperative, working and postoperative periapical radiographs were assessed to evaluate the quality of root canal treatment based on the following criteria; obturation length, density, taper and presence of procedural errors. The data were statistically analyzed using exact conditional logistic regression test and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The percentage of root canal treatment with adequate length was better with the use of NiTi rotary instruments (65.5%) compared to SS hand files (34.5%). No difference between the obturation density and taper in both techniques (P = 1.000) (P = 0.6875). The incidence of procedural errors in teeth prepared with SS hand files (68.2%) was significantly more frequent compared with NiTi rotary group (31.8%). There was a statistically significant relationship between overall quality of root canal treatment and endodontic preparation techniques (P = 0.0386). Conclusion: The quality of root canal treatment performed by King Saud University undergraduate dental student was significantly better in teeth prepared by NiTi rotary filing technique than teeth instrumented with SS hand file.
Chemical Composition and Concentration of Bioactive Compounds in Garlic Cultivated from Air Bulbils

This study was designed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and selected bioactive compound content and occurrence in whole immature and mature garlic plants grown from air bulbils. Two winter garlic cultivars, Harnaś and Ornak, of Polish origin, were cultivated from air bulbils at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University in Kraków, Poland. Harvest bunching of garlic of both cultivars was carried out in May and in June. Mature plants were harvested in July. In whole plant proximate analysis, the concentration of vitamin C, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b, as well as glutathione level were determined. P-coumaric acid was found in Harnaś and Ornak samples collected in May. Sinapinic acid was identified in Ornak samples collected in June and July. Identification of sulphur compounds depended on the term of harvesting. Significantly higher content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, as well as other bioactive compounds, was measured in the Harnaś and Ornak cultivars harvested in May. A significantly lower level of bioactive compounds was determined in mature plants harvested in July. The organosulfur compound profile and polyphenolic profile depended on the time of harvesting. Immature garlic cultivated from air bulbils is recognized as a potential source of bioactive compounds in human nutrition, however, more research, in particular in vivo studies, is required to confirm its functional properties.
Could Smart Tourists Be Sustainable and Responsible as Well? The Contribution of Social Networking Sites to Improving Their Sustainable and Responsible Behavior

A key strategic aim of tourism destinations within the smart tourism paradigm is to achieve efficient, responsible and sustainable use of tourism resources. This aim can be achieved by promoting the appropriate practices and making tourists co-managers, co-designers and co-creators of tourism experiences. This paper argues that smart tourism destinations should manage their resources in a sustainable way and that smart technologies can make their contribution. Could a smart technology such as social media/social networking sites make a contribution to sustainable tourism within the smart tourism paradigm? To address this research question, a project was carried out to explore the perceptions and attitudes of Chinese tourist consumers about the contribution of social networking sites to adopting a sustainable and responsible behavior within the context of a smart tourism framework. First a research framework encompassing three hypotheses related to the influence of social networking sites at the three main stages of the travel cycle/tourist journey was designed. An exploratory quantitative research was then carried out using the online survey technique. The study’s findings indicate that the use of social networking sites influences the smart tourists at all three stages on adoption of sustainable and responsible behavior, the most significant influence is at the first two stages. The article is completed by discussing the related conclusions and management implications in the smart tourism management framework.
Behaviour and Neural Indices of the Abuse Liability associated with Intraoral Self-administration of High Fructose Corn Syrup

BEHAVIOURAL AND NEURAL INDICES OF THE ABUSE LIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAORAL SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP AnneMarie Levy Advisor: University of Guelph 2018 Professor Linda A. Parker Food addiction (FA) is characterized by addictive behaviours including compulsively eating and neurobiological alterations that emerge in response to consuming food. Evidence strongly suggests sucrose is addictive; however, this sweetener has been almost entirely replaced by high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in food/drink. Interestingly, HFCS impairs metabolic function and its introduction into the food supply is linked to the emergence of a concurrent epidemic of obesity; yet, little is known about its addictive properties. Therefore, we investigated its abuse liability and characterized these effects relative to sucrose. Using a novel procedure for sugar self-administration (SA), intraoral SA (IOSA) of HFCS was concentration dependent and supported by caloric content. Repeated IOSA led to escalation of intake, bingeing, and enhanced motivation to lever-press, indicating HFCS is reinforcing and possesses abuse liability. Moreover, compared to sucrose, HFCS alters expression of dopamine-2 (D2R) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptor mRNA in a manner putatively associated with exposure to drugs of abuse and the development of addiction. This occurred despite lower levels of HFCS SA, suggesting it may have more potent reinforcing effects and greater abuse liability. Likewise, SA of pellets mimicking HFCS engendered less hypothalamic
Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Education: Comparing Physical Therapist and Other Health Care Professions' Students

Background and Purpose. Interprofessional teams provide the potential of comprehensive and reliable care for patient/clients with complex problems. Interprofessional education (IPE) may change students' attitudes and knowledge necessary to maintain interprofessional (IP) teamwork after graduation. Learning experiences that include interaction with standardized patients enable students to increase their skills to become IP health care providers. This case study assessed the first-time experience of a College of Health Professions in using standardized patients for an IPE activity. Case Description. Interprofessional student teams, representing 178 students, were formed representing the following health professions education programs: physical therapist (PT), physician assistant (PA), communication sciences and disorders (CSD), dental hygiene (DH), nursing, medical laboratory science, and public health. Standardized patients interacted with the students. Students participated in a faculty facilitator–guided discussion related to each disciplines' professional roles and patient care goals. Each discipline had faculty representation. Students received feedback from standardized patients and faculty facilitators. A pre-post design was used with a mixed quantitative–qualitative methodology. Quantitative data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. Qualitative data were evaluated using frequency data. Outcomes. Only PT, PA, CSD, and DH students participated in sufficient numbers for use in analyses. All groups improved their ratings on the postsurvey statements. Percentages of students whose ratings improved on the postevent survey were examined by department. Physical therapist and PA students showed similar percentages. These percentages of improvements were smaller than improvements of CSD and DH students. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions revealed four themes: collaborating without judgment of others, learning about the roles and responsibilities of their profession, as well as those of other professions, learning about themselves, and communicating with different personalities. Discussion and Conclusion. Students' perceptions of themselves and of other health care professional students changed. Overall, this 4-hour IPE exercise had a positive influence on these students' attitudes toward working as a team member and in being an effective member of that team.
Social Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Recommended Assessments and Implications

Even though social factors that determine frailty in older people contribute to adverse health outcomes, there is little consensus in terms of the definition of social frailty. Therefore, in this article we reviewed literature on social frailty and attempted to define the term. Although we found that living alone, social participation, economic hardship, and other such factors are associated with a decline in activities of daily living and increased risk of disability, we have not reached an agreement on either the most effective methods of assessing social frailty or the most effective interventional approaches to address social frailty. Further investigations are needed to define social frailty and identify effective interventions to promote active aging by focusing on the social aspects in older adults with social frailty. It would be reasonable to think that this approach will also improve physical and cognitive frailty.
Existential Threat Fuels Worldview Defense, but not after Priming Autonomy Orientation

Abstract Although mortality salience (MS) typically motivates worldview defensiveness, priming an autonomy/self-determined orientation may attenuate that defensiveness. In Study 1 (n = 156) MS (vs. pain) had higher support for militaristic defense of American interests abroad, unless participants were also primed with autonomy-oriented (vs. controlled) concepts. In Study 2 (n = 205), a pilot survey found participants were strongly aware of and interested in the cultural value of tolerance; MS (vs. neutral) had higher defense of that salient value in the form of support for more expansive/accepting immigration policy, unless participants were primed to recall autonomous/self-determined (vs. controlled) experiences. These findings bear implications for both aggressive and prosocial existential defenses, political ideology, and the intersection of existential defense and growth orientations.
Optimizing Military Human-Robot Teaming: An Evaluation of Task Load and Modality Switch Cost

The effect of task switching on performance has been examined in many different fields and contexts. Sudden changes in task load can significantly impair performance, which can have detrimental consequences in dismounted military operations. As technology is advancing, robots are sought to take on the role of a teammate to the human soldier in the field. Robot-to-human communication modality may need to switch when mayhem occurs in military missions. Modality switching has been associated with performance decrements, although these effects are largely unknown in military human-robot teaming situations. The present study examined the cost associated with switching task demand and robot-to-human communication modality type on performance in a simulated cordon-and-search mission. The results showed that switches in task load affected threat detection performance. Auditory reporting increased performance more than visual reporting in low-after-high task load epochs. Performance with auditory reports was also higher in high-after-low demand blocks than low-after-high. The effect of switching needs to be taken into account for high-stakes human-robot interactions.
Microwave and Radiofrequency ablation: Fundamental considerations that every radiologist should know

Poster: "ECR 2018 / C-1556 / Microwave and Radiofrequency ablation: Fundamental considerations that every radiologist should know" by: "A. Pacheco1, J. A. Flores Mendez2, R. Garcia Marcos1, S. Mendez Alonso3, M. Cifrian Perez4, D. Perez Enguix1, J. J. Martinez1, M. R. Lloret Larrea1, A. A. MARIN SUAREZ5; 1Valencia/ES, 2Valencia, -/ES, 3Madrid/ES, 4EL GRAO/ES, 508029, BARCELONA/ES"
Tratamiento periodontal en el control metabólico de la Diabetes mellitus

Tratamiento Periodontal en el control metabolico de la Diabetes Mellitus Dra. Maritza Pena Sisto. Especialista de 2do Grado en Periodoncia y EGI. Master en A.P.S y en Urgencias Estomatologicas. Profesor e Investigador Auxiliar. Aspirante a Dr. en Ciencias. Hospital General Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso. Santiago de Cuba. Email: mpena@medired.scu. sld.cu Dra. Wendy Suarez Avalo, Dra. Eliane Monier Ramirez, Dra. Nelaine Ocana Fontela Se realizo un estudio de intervencion terapeutica en los pacientes diabeticos con periodontitis leve que acudieron a la consulta de Estomatologia del Hospital Clinico Quirurgico Juan Bruno Zayas de Santiago de Cuba, provenientes de la escuela del diabetico del propio hospital y del area de salud, con el objetivo de determinar si el tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal puede contribuir a un buen control metabolico en los mismos, en el periodo comprendido de Marzo de 2014 a Marzo de 2015. Los pacientes examinados en ese periodo de tiempo se distribuyeron aleatoriamente: grupo estudio, al que fueron asignados los numeros pares, recibieron la fase inicial de tratamiento y raspado y alisado radicular y el grupo control, al que fueron asignados los numeros impares, se le indico solo fase inicial. Se realizaron antes y despues del tratamiento periodontal examenes de glicemia y hemoglobina glicosilada. Se calculo el Ji cuadrado de homogeneidad para la comparacion entre grupos con una significacion del 95%. Se concluye que la terapia periodontal puede considerarse una herramienta eficaz para lograr un buen control metabolico. Palabras claves: enfermedad periodontal, control metabolico, hemoglobina glicosilada
Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of moniliformin in food and feed

Abstract Moniliformin (MON) is a mycotoxin with low molecular weight primarily produced by Fusarium fungi and occurring predominantly in cereal grains. Following a request of the European Commission, the CONTAM Panel assessed the risk of MON to human and animal health related to its presence in food and feed. The limited information available on toxicity and on toxicokinetics in experimental and farm animals indicated haematotoxicity and cardiotoxicity as major adverse health effects of MON. MON causes chromosome aberrations in vitro but no in vivo genotoxicity data and no carcinogenicity data were identified. Due to the limitations in the available toxicity data, human acute or chronic health‐based guidance values (HBGV) could not be established. The margin of exposure (MOE) between the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) of 6.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) for cardiotoxicity from a subacute study in rats and the acute upper bound (UB) dietary exposure estimates ranged between 4,000 and 73,000. The MOE between the lowest benchmark dose lower confidence limit (for a 5% response ‐ BMDL05) of 0.20 mg MON/kg bw per day for haematological hazards from a 28‐day study in pigs and the chronic dietary human exposure estimates ranged between 370 and 5,000,000 for chronic dietary exposures. These MOEs indicate a low risk for human health but were associated with high uncertainty. The toxicity data available for poultry, pigs, and mink indicated a low or even negligible risk for these animals from exposure to MON in feed at the estimated exposure levels under current feeding practices. Assuming similar or lower sensitivity as for pigs, the CONTAM Panel considered a low or even negligible risk for the other animal species for which no toxicity data suitable for hazard characterisation were identified. Additional toxicity studies are needed and depending on their outcome, the collection of more occurrence data on MON in food and feed is recommended to enable a comprehensive human risk assessment.
Hypervirulent Clostridium diffi cile Strains in Hospitalized Patients, Canada 1

C diffi cile infections (CDIs) have increased in incidence and severity within the past decade in North America and Europe (1), in large part because of the emergence of the hypervirulent North American pulsed-fi eld type 1 (NAP1/027/III) strains (2–5). Recently, interest has increased in the ribotype 078 strain. A 2007 North American study showed that ribotype 078 strains predominated in swine and cattle (83%–94% prevalence), but were rare in a group of hospitalized persons (4% prevalence) (6). However, in studies from Europe and the United States, 078/V strains were found at a prevalence ranging from 3% to 11% (7–9). In a subsequent study by the US group, analysis of the toxinotype V strains from humans and food animals showed that 83% of strains were either NAP7 or NAP8 (10). A Dutch group has recently shown that 078/V strains increased from 3% to 13% during February 2005–2008 and can be considered hypervirulent (11). Our study aimed to determine the incidence rate of infections attributed to hypervirulent NAP7/078/V and NAP8/078/V strains of C. diffi cile in hospitals in Canada.
A review on synthetic approaches of heterocycles via insertion-cyclization reaction

Abstract Heterocyclic compounds have a wide range of applications: they are predominant among the type of compounds used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fine chemicals, electronic components, polymers, and veterinary products. There is a vast scope to develop new heterocyclic compounds considering the high yield, low waste, and green synthesis. In this review, we have described the synthesis of heterocycles via insertion and cyclization which is achieved in recent years with the ideas, challenges, and milestone reactions. Graphical abstract
Effect of Rare-earth Variable-valence Element Eu doping on Thermoelectric Property of BiCuSeO

: As a new promising thermoelectrical material in the range of intermediate temperature, BiCuSeO attracts much attention due to the combination of low intrinsic thermal conductivity and relatively high Seebeck coefficient. In this study the effects of substituting variable-valence rare-earth element Eu for Bi site on the microstructure and thermoelectric performance of BiCuSeO-based material were investigated. The results indicate that ions of two valence states, Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ , coexist in the doped BiCuSeO samples. The doping of Eu not only improves the concentration of the carriers, but also modifies the band structure of BiCuSeO matrix, resulting in effective improvement of electrical transport properties. The electrical conductivity of Bi 0.85 Eu 0.15 CuSeO reaches 98 S∙cm -1 at 823 K, which is 6 times as high as that of the undoped sample. The power factor of 0.32 mW∙m -1 ∙K -2 and ZT of 0.49 can be achieved at 823 K for Bi 0.975 Eu 0.025 CuSeO sample. This study shows that the doping of variable-valence rare-earth elements can improve the thermoelectric properties of materials.
Refeeding syndrome: An overlooked condition?

Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is commonly seen in different settings, particularly in the intensive care unit. However, it is not well recognized due to the lack of a standard definition. In general, hypophosphatemia is considered a diagnostic marker, but hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and shifts in thiamine and trace elements can also occur. Identification of high-risk patients is the key to prevention, especially in malnourished patients. Furthermore, introduction of oral, enteral, or parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients who have not received recent nutrition might lead to RFS. To date, there is no standard feeding protocol to prevent RFS. Therefore, awareness of RFS in high-risk patients, fluid and electrolyte treatment, and daily monitoring of clinical parameters are essential in the management of RFS.
Sm-Nd isochron dating and geochemical (rare earth elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C) characterization of calcite veins in the Jiaoshiba shale gas field, China: Implications for the mechanisms of vein formation in shale gas systems

The Wufeng and Longmaxi organic-rich shales host the largest shale gas plays in China. This study examined the petrography, rare earth element (REE) and other trace-element geochemistry, Sm-Nd geochronology, and isotope geochemistry (Sr-87/Sr-86, delta O-18, delta C-13) of fracture-cementing minerals within core samples of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations from the Jiaoshiba shale gas field in order to (1) characterize the mineral phases occurring in the veins (mineralized fractures); (2) determine the ages of the calcite by the Sm-Nd isochron dating method; (3) understand the sources of calcite-precipitating fluids; and (4) explore the possible mechanisms responsible for calcite vein formation in shale gas systems. The fractures hosted in the Longmaxi Formation are mineralized with quartz as the predominant fracture cement, and calcite as an intracementation phase postdating the earlier quartz cement. In contrast, the fractures hosted in the Wufeng Formation are dominantly mineralized by calcite, which occurs either as the only cement present or as a cement phase predating later quartz cement. Calcite veins within the Longmaxi Formation have a Sm-Nd isochron age of 160 +/- 13 Ma and 6 13 C values of -4.71%c to -3.11%c, delta O-18 values of 17.1%17.4%0, and Sr-87/Sr-86 values of 0.72437-0.72869. Calcite veins within the Wufeng Formation yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 133 +/- 15 Ma and are characterized by delta C-13 values of -2.29%c to -1.03%c, delta O-18 values of 17.3%c-17.7%c, and Sr-87/Sr-86 values of 0.72202-0.72648. The similarity between Sr-87/Sr-86 values of the calcite and those of their respective surrounding host rocks (0.72670-0.72875 of the Longmaxi shales; 0.72030-0.72648 of the Wufeng shales), combined with relatively depleted delta C-13 and uniform fluid delta O-18 isotopic features, indicates that the calcite-precipitating fluids within the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were derived largely from their respective surrounding host-rock sources. REE data equally indicate that the distinguishable Eu anomalies (6.20-19.35; 4.45-11.91), Y anomalies (1.03-1.50; 1.44-1.70), and Y/Ho ratios (28.80-39.16; 38.86-45.18) of calcite veins within the Longmaxi and Wufeng Formations were controlled by their respective surrounding host rocks. The Sm-Nd isochron ages and fluid inclusion data of fracture cements suggest that fracture opening and calcite precipitation in composite veins within the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were triggered by gas generation overpressurization.
About new forecasting methodology for digital control processes

The article substantiates the need for prompt adjustment of the dynamics of the controlled parameter in the management process and the development of a methodology for prompt adjustment in the proportional-integral-differential (PID) control cycle (in real time). New methods of mixed and optimal digital control on the basis of appropriate mathematical models of digital PID control are proposed, which are distinguished by the formation of the best control action in the tact of preventive evaluation of the control object response.