Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Illuminating Black Data Policing

The future of policing will be driven by data. Crime, criminals, and patterns of criminal activity will be reduced to data to be studied, crunched, and predicted. The benefits of big data policing involve smarter policing, faster investigation, predictive deterrence, and the ability to visualize crime problems in new ways. Not surprisingly then, police administrators have been seeking out new partnerships with sophisticated private data companies and experimenting with new surveillance technologies. This potential future, however, has a very present limitation. It is a limitation largely ignored by adopting jurisdictions and could, if left unaddressed, delegitimize the adoption and use of new data-driven technologies. Simply put: all big data policing technologies have a “black data” problem. “Black data” connotes three overlapping concerns. First, big data policing is opaque, lacking transparency because most of the magic happens as a result of “black box” proprietary and mathematically complex algorithms. Second, big data policing is racially encoded, colored by the history of real-world policing that disproportionality impacts communities of color. Finally, big data policing faces legal uncertainty as old constitutional doctrines built on small data principles no longer work in the new big data age. The future path of traditional Fourth Amendment law is uncertain, dark, and distorted. This brief essay, part of a symposium at Ohio State Law School on Criminal Law, Big Data, and the Promotion of Justice, seeks to raise the questions that must be resolved to overcome the black data problem. This symposium essay examines: (1) the puzzle of data-driven transparency; (2) the concern of biased data; and (3) the struggle for constitutional clarity in the face of new technologies.
Relationship of Economic and Financial variables with behavior of Stock Prices: A case of Pakistan Stock Exchange

The investigation decides the relationship of some economic and financial variables that relations with stock Exchange of Karachi, build up their association with stock prices and potentially utilize them to foresee the feasible changes in stock prices because of changes in these economic and financial factors. The researcher apply ADF test for predictions of relations. The acclaimed cointegration technique is connected on month to month information of KSE Index and the particular economic and financial variables from January 1992 through December 2016 to decide the degree to which these factors relations the share trading system returns. The investigation builds up that a long-run relationship exists between the dependent variable and the independent variables under thought to be specific, inflation, GDP growth rate, exchange rate, Trade Openness, Industrial production, Interest rate, The interbank call money rate, The term structure of interest rate, Trade deficit, Government Bond Rate and Treasury Bills Rate as independent variables and Stock price index as a dependent variable. It was additionally established that in the long run, unidirectional relations of variables with the behaviour of stock Exchange.
Acetylation of p53 at Lysine 373/382 by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Depsipeptide Induces Expression of p21Waf1/Cip1

ABSTRACT Generally, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor-induced p21Waf1/Cip1 expression is thought to be p53 independent. Here we found that an inhibitor of HDAC, depsipeptide (FR901228), but not trichostatin A (TSA), induces p21Waf1/Cip1 expression through both p53 and Sp1/Sp3 pathways in A549 cells (which retain wild-type p53). This is demonstrated by measuring relative luciferase activities of p21 promoter constructs with p53 or Sp1 binding site mutagenesis and was further confirmed by transfection of wild-type p53 into H1299 cells (p53 null). That p53 was acetylated after depsipeptide treatment was tested by sequential immunoprecipitation/Western immunoblot analysis with anti-acetylated lysines and anti-p53 antibodies. The acetylated p53 has a longer half-life due to a significant decrease in p53 ubiquitination. Further study using site-specific antiacetyllysine antibodies and transfection of mutated p53 vectors (K319/K320/K321R mutated and K373R/K382R mutations) into H1299 cells revealed that depsipeptide specifically induces p53 acetylation at K373/K382, but not at K320. As assayed by coimmunoprecipitation, the K373/K382 acetylation is accompanied by a recruitment of p300, but neither CREB-binding protein (CBP) nor p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), to the p53 C terminus. Furthermore, activity associated with the binding of the acetylated p53 at K373/K382 to the p21 promoter as well as p21Waf1/Cip1 expression is significantly increased after depsipeptide treatment, as tested by chromatin immunoprecipitations and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, p53 acetylation at K373/K382 is confirmed to be required for recruitment of p300 to the p21 promoter, and the depsipeptide-induced p53 acetylation at K373/K382 is unlikely to be dependent on p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, Ser20, and Ser392 sites. Our data suggest that p53 acetylation at K373/K382 plays an important role in depsipeptide-induced p21Waf1/Cip1 expression.
The impact of positive and negative macroeconomic news surprises: Gold versus Bitcoin

We examine the impact of positive versus negative macroeconomic news surprises, originating from large developed economies, on the returns and volatility of gold and Bitcoin prices over the period July 19, 2010 â€“ February 7, 2017. We find an asymmetric impact and evidence that gold is different from Bitcoin. Specifically, gold returns and volatility systematically react to macroeconomic news surprises in a manner consistent with its traditional role as a safe-haven, whereas Bitcoin prices and volatility do not mostly react in a similar manner. Our results are useful for investment decision-making.
Detection-based localization of passive radar receivers

Passive coherent radar (PCR) is a growing threat to air power. PCRs use ambient signals (e.g., television, FM radio, other radars, etc.) to allow covert operation and thereby make receiver sites virtually undetectable, which complicates the use of conventional countermeasures. We seek to infer information about the receiver location based on the system's behavior, in particular hypothesized knowledge of detection performance as a function of specific aircraft trajectories. Given this detection-only record, the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the receiver position and the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) on this estimate are derived. A Monte-Carlo simulation is performed for different detection records validating the MLE and CRB derivations.
Growth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3

Most countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased resource efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate resource productivity. Hence, for an understanding of resource efficiency from a consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in the upstream supply chains, there is a need to assess the environmental pressures embodied in trade. We use EXIOBASE3, a new multiregional input‐output database, to examine the rate of increase in resource efficiency, and investigate the ways in which international trade contributes to the displacement of pressures on the environment from the consumption of a population. We look at the environmental pressures of energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water use, and land use. Material use stands out as the only indicator growing in both absolute and relative terms to population and gross domestic product (GDP), while land use is the only indicator showing absolute decoupling from both references. Energy, GHG, and water use show relative decoupling. As a percentage of total global environmental pressure, we calculate the net impact displaced through trade rising from 23% to 32% for material use (1995–2011), 23% to 26% for water use, 20% to 29% for energy use, 20% to 26% for land use, and 19% to 24% for GHG emissions. The results show a substantial disparity between trade‐related impacts for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non‐OECD countries. At the product group level, we observe the most rapid growth in environmental footprints in clothing and footwear. The analysis points to implications for future policies aiming to achieve environmental targets, while fully considering potential displacement effects through international trade.
A low side-lobe waveform design method for random hopping frequency signal

In this paper, a waveform design method utilizing the low maximum side-lobe in the synthetic range profile as the criterion for the random hopping frequency radar is proposed. Firstly, the center range ambiguity function which represents matched filtering output of transmitted signal is derived. And the output signal to noise ratios (SNR) of it and the synthetic range profile based on correlation processing are investigated. Then, the waveform design method based on uniformly splitting window function is proposed to improve the peak to side-lobe ratio of the synthetic range profile. Finally, numerous simulated experiments show that the proposed design method is effective.
Optimal selection of sensor network and backed-off operating point based on economics

This paper discusses the simultaneous selection of measurements and economic backed off operating point when the nominal optimal operating point is constrained. However, operation at this point becomes infeasible due to uncertainties. In this regard, we recently proposed an optimization formulation that determines the backed-off point to ensure feasibility assuming accurate measurement of the states is available and disturbance as the only source of uncertainty. In the present work, we extend the formulation to partial state information case and also determine the optimal set of measurements for economical operation. The formulation also finds a suitable multivariable controller to achieve economic benefits. The final formulation is a mixed integer non-linear program. Here, we present a branch and bound type solution such that a two stage iterative problem is solved at each branching step. Finally, the proposed approach is demonstrated in an evaporator system.
Assessing the relationship between total factor productivity and foreign direct investment in an economy with a skills shortage: the case of South Africa

This paper assesses the relationship between total factor productivity (TFP) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in a country with skills shortage. South Africa is used as a case study. Literature is inconclusive on how FDI should affect TFP. This paper shows that it is important to account for the interactivity between FDI and human capital when assessing the effects of FDI on TFP. Moreover, the empirical results show that, contrary to countries with abundance of skills, in countries with skills shortage, it is in fact the change in stock of human capital - or human capital accumulation â€“ that matters in determining the effects of FDI on TFP.
Antecedent control of oral reading errors and self-corrections by mentally retarded children.

Academic behaviors can be enhanced through the manipulation of either consequent or antecedent stimuli. In this study, we evaluated the effects of manipulating two antecedent stimulus events with respect to oral reading errors and self-corrections of four mentally retarded children. Using an alternating treatments design, the effects of previewing the target text and previewing an unrelated test were evaluated against no- previewing . In the first previewing condition, the teacher discussed the target text with the children before they were required to read it orally. The same procedure was used in the other previewing condition but with the provision that an unrelated text was previewed . Oral reading errors decreased and self-corrections increased when the children previewed the target text with their teacher before reading it orally. No changes were observed as a result of implementing the other two procedures, previewing an unrelated text and no- previewing . The results, which were consistent across all four children, showed that reading proficiency can be increased by manipulating antecedent stimulus events prior to oral reading.
Topological Structure of Chaos in discrete-Time Neural Networks with generalized Input-output Function

By analogue of [Chen & Aihara, 1995, 1997, 1999], we theoretically investigate the topologically chaotic structure, attracting set and global searching ability of discrete-time recurrent neural networks with the form of where the input–output function is defined as a generalized sigmoid function, such as vi = tanh(μiui), and , etc. We first derive sufficient conditions of existence for a fixed point, and then prove that this fixed point eventually evolves into a snap-back repeller which generates chaotic structure when certain conditions are satisfied. Furthermore we prove that there exists an attracting set which includes not only the homoclinic orbit but also the globally unstable set of fixed points, thereby ensuring the neural networks to have global searching ability. Numerical simulations are also provided to demonstrate the theoretical results. The results indicated in this paper can be viewed as an extension of the works of [Chen & Aihara, 1997, 1999] and others [Gopalsamy & He, 1994; Wang & Smith, 1998].
Measuring the Sustainability of a Manufacturing Process: A Conceptual Framework

Recently, besides recurrent financial gains, industries have been required to boost their environmental and social performance to fulfil the demands of several stakeholders. Moreover, the need to measure the sustainability of manufacturing processes is recognized because the production and operations managers need to know how they are contributing to the triple bottom line of their respective companies. To do that, many initiatives have been developed although all of them face some limitations: (a) they are only appropriate for the company as a whole, which makes their application for a manufacturing process difficult; (b) they consider the measures for sustainability (economic, environmental and social) as separate variables with no integration among them, which could become a methodological difficulty in case indicators move in different directions; or (c) they are too complicated to be used as a practical tool on the factory floor. Hence, this study proposes a framework to evaluate the sustainability level of a manufacturing process, integrating the economic, environmental, and social variables into a single combined measure. A case study exemplifies how the proposed procedure can be applied in real-world situations.
An Empirical Analysis of Investment Return Dispersion in Emerging Market Private Equity

The authors use transaction-level data to compare the dispersion of private equity (PE) returns in emerging markets (EMs) to the same in developed markets (DMs). They regress within-market absolute deviation from the mean on an EM indicator and controls. They find evidence suggesting that the distribution of transaction-level TVPI has lower variance within EMs than within DMs, although with some caveats. The results suggest opportunities for further research exploring the relative riskiness of EM PE.
Nuclear Export Pathways of tRNA and 40 S Ribosomes Include both Common and Specific Intermediates (*)

Different classes of RNAs are exported from Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei by facilitated pathways. We have performed kinetic competition analyses to investigate the relationship between the export pathways of microinjected tRNA and ribosomal subunits. Saturating concentrations of ribosomal subunits do not compete tRNA export. Thus, the saturable factor in the ribosomal subunit export pathway is not limiting for tRNA export. The co-microinjection of ribosomal subunits did, however, stimulate the rate of tRNA export. Co-injected mRNA also stimulated tRNA export. tRNA export itself displays positive cooperative export kinetics that are abrogated by saturating concentrations of rRNA. These results are consistent with the existence of common high affinity RNA-binding sites that can be titrated with tRNA, rRNA or ribosomal subunits, and mRNA. Furthermore, high concentrations of tRNA are also shown to have moderate inhibitory effects on 40 S subunit export, indicating a lower affinity common intermediate also shared by mRNA.
Coalitions and networks in oligopolies

The first volume of this wide-ranging Handbook contains original contributions by world-class specialists. It provides up-to-date surveys of the main game-theoretic tools commonly used to model industrial organization topics. The Handbook covers numerous subjects in detail including, among others, the tools of lattice programming, supermodular and aggregative games, monopolistic competition, horizontal and vertically differentiated good models, dynamic and Stackelberg games, entry games, evolutionary games with adaptive players, asymmetric information, moral hazard, learning and information sharing models.
Broadband cavity-backed slot antenna array with 45° slant polarization

The radiation characteristics of a cavity-backed four-slot antenna array are investigated in this paper. By employing cavity-backed slots antenna element, the antenna array has wide bandwidth and wide beam width. The feeding network of the antenna array mainly consists of shielded microstrip line. Both simulated and measured results of the antenna return loss and radiation patterns are presented. The measured VSWR<;2 bandwidth is 55% of the center frequency 21.8GHz. It is shown that using shielded microstrip line leads to better radiation performances. Besides, good agreement can be observed between the measured radiation patterns and the simulated values. These findings may provide useful insights and guidelines for the design of 45° slant linear polarization wideband antenna array in K-band with wide beam.
Specific cementum attachment protein enhances selectively the attachment and migration of periodontal cells to root surfaces.

A specific cementum attachment protein (CAP) was identified in human cementum and found to bind with high affinity to non-demineralized root surfaces, hydroxyapatite and fibronectin. Attempting to elucidate the biological function of this protein and its possible role in cementogenesis the capacity of CAP to promote selective cell migration towards and attachment of various periodontal derived cell populations to root surfaces in vitro was assessed. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), periodontal ligament cells (HPC), and alveolar bone cells (HABC) were labeled with [3H]Thymidine during their exponential growth phase. Root slices, 300 microns thick, were incubated with increasing concentrations of CAP. Untreated and fibronectin (FN) treated root slices served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Migration was assessed by placing root slices on confluent layers of labeled cells maintained in serum free medium and determining the number of cells migrated onto the root surface 3 days thereafter. Attachment was assessed by incubating root slices with labeled cell suspensions for 2 h and determining the number of attached cells. CAP promoted both cell migration and attachment dose dependently. HABC responded better than HPC and HGF to CAP treated root slices, and HPC response was higher than that of HGF. Cell attachment was dose dependently inhibited by synthetic RGD peptides. FN did not affect the migration of HGF, barely enhanced that of HABC, and was less potent than CAP at enhancing the migration of HPC. FN was more effective than CAP in promoting the attachment of HGF to root slices, but it was as potent as CAP in supporting the attachment of HPC and HABC. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Requirement of phosphatidylcholine for normal progression through the cell cycle in C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts.

We have investigated the possible requirement of phosphatidylcholine for normal progression through the cell cycle of C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts. Incubation of the cells in a medium with 0.5% serum synchronized the cells in the G0 stage of the cell cycle. Supplementation of the cells with 10% dialyzed and delipidated serum +/- choline resulted in normal cell division and growth for cells with choline, whereas cell division was markedly impaired in the absence of choline. Flow cytofluorometry analysis indicated that after 4 days in the absence of choline, 85% of the fibroblasts were in the G1 phase. Addition of choline resulted in synchronous synthesis of DNA with a peak occurring after 14 h. Incubation of cells with 0.5% serum had no effect on phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels in cells supplemented with 28 microM choline, but the concentration of PC was reduced from 32 to 20 nmol/10(6) cells after 1 day of incubation in the absence of choline. Supplementation with dialyzed serum, but not dialyzed and delipidated serum, allowed choline-deficient cells to replicate normally. This was attributed to the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine in dialyzed serum as this lipid, but not other lipids (e.g., phosphatidylcholine or mitogenic lipids) was able to replace the choline requirement. The choline-deficient effect was not complete; some DNA synthesis occurred in the absence of choline in the medium, and approximately 30% of the cells completed mitosis in 35 h compared to 100% in the presence of choline. The data suggest that phosphatidylcholine is required for normal progression of the cell cycle beyond the G1 phase and is unrelated to the induction of G0 to G1 transition. Choline deficiency should be a useful method for synchronizing cells in the G1 phase.
CBF and transcranial Doppler sonography during vasodilatory stress tests in patients with common carotid artery occlusion.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral vasoreactivity was measured in patients with cerebrovascular disease and longstanding occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA). In addition, regional CBF was correlated with transcranial doppler (TCD) measurements at baseline and during 6% CO2 inhalation and after intravenous administration of 1 g of acetazolamide. Twelve patients with a mean age of 62 years (range 45 to 71 years) were included, and the data compared to age-matched healthy controls. CBF was measured by intravenous injection of xenon-133 and SPECT (Tomomatic 564). TCD of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was done by EME TC-64B. A very low global CBF value of 28 +/- 5 (SD) ml 100 g-1 min-1 was found at baseline as compared to 55 +/- 5 ml 100 g-1 min-1 in the normal controls. During 6% CO2-inhalation and after acetazolamide administration, CBF increased by 58 +/- 24% and 51 +/- 21%, respectively, indicating substantial collateral supply. Correlative analysis of CBF in the MCA territory and TCD in the MCA showed statistical significance only for the pooled data, i.e. compiling the data obtained during baseline and the two vasodilatory tests, and then only for the mean and peak TCD velocity (e.g. r = 0.59, p less than 0.002, n = 35, mean velocity, right side). We conclude that TCD measurements do not predict regional CBF in patients with CCA occlusion. The study emphasizes that these two methods yield supplementary information, with TCD measurements providing information of the circle of Willis and CBF studies of the flow distribution.