Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labour Supply and Informal Care Supply: The Impacts of Financial Support for Long-Term Elderly Care

We investigate the impact of a policy reform, which introduced free formal personal care for all those aged 65 and above, on caregiving behaviour. Using a difference-in-differences estimator, we estimate that the free formal care reduced the probability of co-residential informal caregiving by 12.9%. Conditional on giving co-residential care, the mean reduction in the number of informal care hours is estimated to be 1.2 hours per week. The effect is particularly strong among older and less educated caregivers. In contrast to co-residential informal care, we find no change in extraresidential caregiving behaviour. We also observe that the average labour market participation and the number of hours worked increased in response to the policy introduction.
Operational impact of product variety in the process industry

: The purpose of this research article is to examine the impact of product variety on production performance in the process industry. As the number of product variants sold by a process company typically impacts the run length, production data from a mineral wool insulation manufacturer is analyzed to quantify the impact of longer runs on productivity. In testing the hypothesis that longer runs lead to higher productivity, the results show that the number of variants in itself is not a sufficient parameter to explain the variation in production performance; rather, the different types of product variants and their production sequence must also be considered. Based on the findings, a method for quantifying the production cost of product variety in the process industry is developed, adding to the literature a rich case showcasing factors which influence production performance and the impact is measured with metrics.
Optimizing Genetic Algorithm Parameters for Multiple Sequence Alignment Based on Structural Information

Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are commonly used approaches in the analysis of sequence structure relationships. MSA is generally the alignment of three or more protein or nucleic acid sequences that maximises the similarities between sequences. In this paper, we use genetic algorithm to compute multiple sequence alignment using the structural information as the scoring scheme implemented in the program Multiobjective Optimizer for Sequence Alignments based on Structural Evaluations (MOSAStrE). We performed numerical experiments on datasets obtained from benchmark alignment database (BAliBASE) to solve multiple sequence alignment. To test the performance of the proposed algorithm, numerical simulations were carried out in deciding the appropriate set of parameter values for the
The Role of Translation in Transferring Cross-Cultural Knowledge and Information

Language, being an exclusively human feature, is principally dynamic; it involves a variety of changes and adjustments in its course of existence. It is also considered as a factor that links distinct cultures and a way of expressing thoughts and feelings; accordingly, translation is one of the principal, ultimate and appropriate ways in transferring culture. Translation, including the transposition of thoughts expressed in one language by a specific social group into the adequate expression of another group. As cultures are increasingly brought into greater contact with one another, multicultural considerations are taken to an increasing degree and consequently, the process of cultural de-coding, re-coding and encoding take-place. In effect, our extensive discussion topic in language is not the rapport between translation and culture since there is an intimate relationship between translation and culture. What interests us in the present paper is not accomplishing only a particular defined ideal equivalence relation between translation and culture, but, among other things, how do some precise changes influence us when we are trying to comprehend a text before finally translating it? We are not just dealing with words in a written script in a specific period of time and space; most importantly it is the "cultural" aspect of the text that we ought to take into account. The process of transfer, i.e., re-
Fidelity of light storage in warm atomic gases at different storage time

The fidelity of light with arbitrary polarizations stored in a warm 87Rb atomic vapor at different storage time is studied. The exponential decay of regeneration efficiency with the storage time is observed and a detectable signal at 300-¹s storage time is still existed. The storage fidelity at different storage time is well maintained in our experiment.
The International Flow of Human Capital

We have been drawn to the subject of this paper by recent strong manifestations of public interest in two major problems in international relations: first, the migration of highly skilled individuals to the U.S.-often referred to as the "brain drain"-and, second, the largescale program of training foreign students in the U.S. Both of these problems have in common that they involve an international transfer of resources in the form of human capital that goes completely unrecorded in any official balance-of-payments statistics. This common feature clearly defines our field of analysis and excludes problems associated with the transfer of human capital services, such as occur in connection with the Peace Corps, programs of technical assistance through governmental agencies, technical and scientific advice by private corporations, etc.-all of which are reflected in official balance-ofpayments statistics. We have prepared some empirical estimates of the U.S. balance of trade in human capital from foreign student exchange and the immigration of scientists and engineers, which will shortly be published. These studies, while involving interesting conceptual problems of measurement, produced no startling results and suggest that in comparison with the size of the U.S. economy these capital flows are quite small. We present here only a few summary statistics to give an impression of the nature of the empirical results we have obtained. First, it turns out that the total U.S. program of foreign college student exchange, involving 58,000 foreig n students in the U.S. and 11,000 American students abroad, resulted in a maximum net U.S. cost of only $17 million in 1962, after appropriate adjustment of the gross cost for the human capital value of students electing to remain in the U.S. Second, the total human capital value of scientists and engineers immigrating to the U.S. during the thirteen-year period from 1949 to 1961 came to $1.0 billion. Third, the role of foreigners in the American economics profession estimated on the basis of the National Science Foundation survey statistics is as follows: 12 percent are foreign born, 9 percent had also foreign high school training, but only 3 percent earned their
The science of “omics” for plant pathologists

It was a moment of exhilaration and joy when I heard from the Secretary of the Indian Phytopathological Society that I have been elected unanimously as the president of the society. I was overwhelmed by the warmth and confidence of the members and would ever remain grateful for this kind gesture. The society has grown to this level by the vision, foresight and untiring efforts of pioneer leaders in plant pathology and I recollect their contributions with reverence. During my tenure as president the executive committee and general body were gracious enough to agree for opening a new zone in the Northeast for the benefit of the students from this region. I am sure the society will be growing and contributing not only for the growth of the science of plant pathology but to help and advice policy makers in matters relating to plant disease management and reduction of crop losses to enhance productivity of crop plants. The growing population of India is poised to overtake China in about a decade and half and India will be the most populous country in the world. This is putting the onus on the Indian agricultural scientists to grow more food, feed, fibre and fodder under shrinking natural resources like land, water and non availability of labour. The global warming and climate change could affect the plant diseases and there is increased pressure on the plant pathologists to minimize crop losses.
Implementation of Low Power Rail-To-Rail Dynamic Latch Comparator With Modified Adaptive Power Control Technique

this paper presents a modified technique of power reduction for the preamplifier based dynamic latch comparator. The comparator presented in this paper is having a preamplifier, which is followed by a dynamic latch topology. The comparator is having cross coupled latch to achieve high speed and at a same time kickback effect is also reduced. A modified power control technique is presented to minimize the power consumption, having good reduction in the power compared to other technique presented in the literature. The rail to rail input range and low power comparator which can be suitably used in low-to-medium speed Analog to Digital Converters is implemented in 90nm technology using HSPICE. The simulation results have shown that the power consumption of comparator is 916. 9μw at the clock frequency of 200MHz and 1V supply voltage with a delay of 80.3ps
Isotope ratios and concentration of N in needles, roots and soils of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands as influenced by atmospheric deposition of N

This study aims to investigate the changes in isotope ratios in foliage and soils of two Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) forests greatly differing in their atmospheric N deposition and climatic conditions. As expected, both N concentrations and δ15N values in needles and roots were found to be significantly higher in the Solling stand (N-saturated) compared to the Hyytialä stand (N-poor). For both stands a typical vertical gradient of the soil 15N-enrichment was observed. As expected, the soil of N-polluted site (Solling) was 15N-enriched significantly more than that of N-limited site (Hyytialä) and this is explained by the presence of marked NO3– leaching at the Solling site. Although the annual trends (1990–1994) of N concentration in the foliage of spruce trees remained almost constant, their δ15N values significantly decreased with the increasing years of sampling. The 15N-depletion in spruce needle litter from 1990 to 1995 was by 2.0‰. This is explained by a slight decrease in N deposition at Solling site during this period.
Lobbying and Legislative Bargaining

Abstract We examine the effects of the interaction between lobbying and legislative bargaining on policy formation. Two systems are considered: a US-style congressional system and a European-style parliamentary system. First, we show that the policies generated are not intermediate between policies that would result from pure lobbying or from pure legislative bargaining. Second, we show that in congressional systems the resulting policies are strongly skewed in favor of the agenda-setter. In parliamentary systems they are skewed in favor of the coalition, but within the coalition there are many possible outcomes (there are multiple equilibria) with the agenda-setter having no particular advantage. Third, we show that equilibrium contributions are very small, despite the fact that lobbying has a marked effect on policies.
Gizli Hepatit B Virüs Enfeksiyonu

hepatit, kronik hepatit, fulminan hepatit, siroz ve hepatosellüler kanser (HSK)’e neden olan önemli halk sağlığı problemlerinden biridir.1 HBV’nün dünya üzerindeki sıklığı ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyi ile ilgili özellikler göstermektedir. Kıtalar, ülkeler ve hatta bölgeler arasında farklılıklar vardır. 1,2 Dünyada, enfeksiyon alınma yaşı ve sık görülen bulaş yoluna göre yüksek (sıklığı %8-15 arası olan toplumlar), orta (sıklığı %3-7 arası olan toplumlar) ve düşük (%2’den az olan toplumlar) derecede olmak
The effects of carvacrol and/or thymol on the performance, blood and rumen parameters, and carcass traits of Merino sheep

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing doses of carvacrol (C) and/or thymol (T) on the performance, rumen fermentation, and blood and carcass parameters of Merino sheep. Eighty-four 12-week-old male Merino lambs were randomly assigned to 7 treatment groups. The sheep were fed with the same concentrate mixtures including a control diet, carvacrol 100 mg/kg (C 100 ), carvacrol 300 mg/kg (C 300 ), thymol 100 mg/kg (T 100 ), thymol 300 mg/kg (T 300 ), carvacrol+thymol 100 mg/kg (C 50 +T 50 ), and carvacrol+thymol 300 mg/kg (C 150 +T 150 ). The C and/or T supplementation did not affect the feed conversion. The lambs fed with C and/or T diets had higher rumen pH, NH 3 -N, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) compared to those in the control group. However, essential oil supplementation did not change the molar concentration of VFA. The serum urea and glucose in C and/or T groups were not found significant on days 0, 35, and 70 compared to the control group. Slaughter weights and other carcass parameters were similar between the groups. The effects of C and/or T supplementation on the rumen and production parameters showed limited effects when lambs were fed with the high concentrate diets.
Study of Dispersion of the Ground Motion Intensity Measure of R/C Frame Minaret

This paper is investigated the dispersion of five types of Ground Motion Intensity Measures (IMs) of 3/D RC Minarets using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). IMs are based on strong motion parameters of sample worldwide earthquakes and classified in terms of Efficiency, Practicality, Proficiency and Sufficiency of building design. IDA curves are used for showing the probability of structural damage due to earthquakes as a function of ground motion intensity measures. The aim of this study is to figure out which IM will give less dispersion of IDA curves of the R/C Frame Minaret of the Al-Rasheed mosque in Ibb-Yemen designed according to the ACI-318.
Two sides of market orientation and the link to performance

The impact of a market-oriented strategy on business performance remains an open question. One of the reasons for this is that virtually all the work conducted in marketing has viewed market orientation as a reflective unidimensional structure. In this study we demonstrate that two measures of market orientation (i.e., reactive and proactive) are related, but essentially separate constructs. The results show that proactive market orientation has a significant and positive mediating effect between resources and performance while reactive market orientation appears to be losing its effectiveness.
Project valuation and investment decisions: CAPM versus arbitrage

This study shows that (a) project valuation via CAPM contradicts valuation via arbitrage pricing, (b) CAPM-minded decision makers may fail to profit from arbitrage opportunities, (c) Standard CAPM-based valuation violates value additivity. As a consequence, the use of CAPM for project valuation and decision making should be reconsidered.
The impact of uncertainty shocks in Spain: SVAR approach with sign restrictions

The purpose of this research is to quantify the impact of economic uncertainty shocks in Spain by using an SVAR approach with sign restrictions with data from January 2001 to June 2018. Specifically, we analyze temporary and persistent economic uncertainty shocks. Furthermore, we isolate the uncertainty shocks whose origin is only politic to identify potential differences in the effects of the uncertainty according to its origin. Our results suggest that positive shocks to economic and political uncertainty lead to an increase in unemployment and a fall in consumer confidence, business confidence, IBEX 35 Index and industrial production. Moreover, these negative effects of uncertainty remain for a long-time horizon, especially for the case of industrial production and unemployment. According to these results, we can conclude that economic uncertainty shocks have a significant negative impact on the Spanish economy.
FIXED POINTS OF CYCLIC WEAK CONTRACTIONS IN METRIC SPACES

In this paper the well knownnotion of a cyclic contraction for a finite family of non-empty subsets of ametric space $X$ and a mapping $T$ of $X$ into $X$ (respectively, into thecollection of nonempty subsets of $X$) has been generalized. Subsequently,the above idea is used to obtain some new fixed point theorems for singleand multi-valued mappings. The results obtained herein generalize somerecent fixed point theorems.
Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly-ε-Caprolactone: Kinetic Behavior and ReactorDesign

Abstract Lipase-mediated, ultrasound-assisted synthesis of poly-ε-caprolactone was investigated. It was found that ultrasound irradiation helped to improve the rate constant of poly-ε-caprolactone chain propagation (kp) at high initial monomer (ε-caprolactone) concentration. The enhancement of kp ranged from 34% to 46% at 22.5–18.0 M initial monomer concentration, respectively. In a system proned to time-dependent mass-transfer limitation due to polymer chain extension, the acoustic effects could have also allowed the reaction to continue longer compared to non-sonicated process until it became impossible at highly elevated reaction mixture viscosity(>2,000 times increase from initial viscosity). Consequently, it also helped to improve monomer conversion. In a continuous flow polymerization system, a plug flow reactor system is recommended due to its lowest volume for maximum conversion compared to a continuously stirred tank reactor system.
Sialic acid pro fi les in the respiratory tracts of selected species of raptors : evidence for potential binding sites for human and avian in fl uenza A viruses

Context. The ability of influenza A viruses to recognise and bind to cell surface receptors such as sialic acid linked to galactose by an a2,3 linkage (SAa2,3-gal) and sialic acid linked to galactose by an a2,6 linkage (SAa2,6-gal) is a major determinant of influenza A virus infection. Although the epidemiological surveys of influenza A virus infection in raptors suggest that some raptor species are susceptible to influenza A viruses under natural conditions, the sialic acid profiles in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of raptors are unknown. Aims. To examine the sialic acid receptor profiles in the respiratory tracts of the selected raptor species and assess the potential susceptibility of raptors to avian and human influenza viruses and the role of raptors in the epidemiology and evolution of influenza A viruses. Methods.The lectin immunohistochemistry stainingmethodwas used to examine the sialic acid profiles in the respiratory tracts of eight different species of raptors. Key results.Astrong stainingwithMaackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA), specific for sialic acid linked to galactose by an a2,3 linkage (SAa2,3-gal), was observed in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of Accipiter nisus and Falco tinnunculus.However, a positive staining for bothMAAandSambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), specific for sialic acid linked to galactose by an a2,6 linkage (SAa2,6-gal), was detected in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract of Accipiter gularis, Buteo buteo, Otus sunia, Bubo bubo and Asio otus, and in the epithelial cells of the alveoli of Buteo buteo, Falco peregrinus, Otus sunia and Bubo bubo. Conclusions. Both avian and human influenza A virus receptors are expressed in six species of raptors examined. There are some variations in the type and distribution of sialic acid receptor expression among different raptor species. No correlation between phylogeny of birds and their sialic acid receptor distributions was observed. Implications. Since SAa2,3-gal and SAa2,6-gal are often considered as the primary receptors for avian influenza A viruses and human influenza A viruses, respectively, our data suggest that raptors could be a potential host for avian and human influenza A viruses. Additional keywords: influenza A virus, MAA, raptor, SNA, SAa2,3-Gal, SAa2,6-Gal. Received 5 January 2011, accepted 16 August 2011, published online 23 November 2011
Comparing the Epistemological Underpinnings of Students' and Scientists' Reasoning about Conclusions.

This study examined the criteria that middle school students, nonscientist adults, technicians, and scientists used to rate the validity of conclusions drawn by hypothetical students from a set of evidence. The groups' criteria for evaluating conclusions were considered to be dimensions of their epistemological frameworks regarding how knowledge claims are justified, and as such are integral to their scientific reasoning. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that the responses of students and nonscientists differed from the responses of technicians and scientists, with the major difference being the groups' relative emphasis on criteria of empirical consistency or plausibility of the conclusions. We argue that the sources of the groups' differing epistemic criteria rest in their different spheres of cultural practice, and explore implications of this perspective for science teaching and learning. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 663–687, 2001
Faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) as a protein source for organic chickens: performance and carcass characteristics

Abstract The ban of transgenic feed and synthetic amino acids in organic chicken diets has made necessary to find protein-rich feedstuffs which do not alter productive performance. The effect of the faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) as a partial substitute for soybean on the performance and carcass traits of slow-growing chickens of both sexes reared under the organic method was assessed. The experiment was carried out in the spring and autumn; one thousand birds per season were split into 8 groups (4 groups of males and 4 groups of females, each duplicated) and fed a double phase diet: a common starter diet for 20 days and two different growing-finisher diets containing either soybean (24%; S) or faba bean (16%; F) till the end of the rearing period (120 d). Average values of final live weight, feed intake and daily weight gain were significantly affected by sex, being higher in males than in females; the diets affected performance only in the 21-60 days of age period when the F group grew less and had poorer feed efficiency compared to the S group. Successively, the compensatory growth eliminated differences in slaughter weight. Regarding carcass traits, the diet affected only the ready- to-cook carcass percentage and the carena length, both of which were higher in S birds. Faba beans could be a valuable protein source in the diet of organic chickens when used after the critical starter period.
Effect of Application of K and Na on Growth and Yield of Coleus ( Solenostemon Rotundifolius ) Vandita

Potassium (K) is considered essential for the growth of all plants. Tuber crops, especially, have a high requirement of K. But no potash fertilizer is manufactured in India. Muriate of potash, the sole source of K, is being imported and this makes the material costly. Sodium is essential only for halophytes. But it is reported to have beneficial effects on the growth of many plants when used in combination with K. In this study, the interactive effect of K and sodium on the growth, yield and nutrient concentration of coleus, a minor tuber crop of the tropical region was investigated in field experiment. Treatments of 50 and 100 kg K ha -1 in combination with 50, 75 and 100 kg Na ha -1 were tested in randomized bloc design with full recommended dose of 100 kg K ha -1 as control. A synergistic interaction between K and Na at 50:50 proportions was noticed as revealed by the observed higher values of growth parameters.