Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutagenicity of chemicals in genetically modified animals

The strategy for assessing human health risks of chemicals consists of a large number of tests in different research disciplines. Tests include acute and chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, reproduction toxicity and carcinogenicity. Genotoxic properties of chemicals are assessed in short-term in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests. There are two main endpoints for genotoxicity: gene mutations and chromosome aberrations. Under in vitro conditions, there are sufficient assays for both endpoints. Testing under in vivo conditions is essential to confirm in vitro data since it is impossible to mimic, in a petri dish, all the complex factors determining whether a chemical will induce mutations in a specific tissue in animals in vivo. Moreover, in a regulatory context, a relevant negative in vivo result from an adequately performed test overrules positive in vitro results. There are appropriate assays in existence to investigate in vivo chromosome aberration; however, problems occur when a compound induces gene mutations in vitro. In the absence of reliable in vivo gene mutation assays, a justified assessment of the genotoxic potential of chemicals may be hampered. Introduced in this report, based open literature data up to August 2000, are several promising new in vivo gene mutation assays. The report is not restricted to assays with the commercially available transgenic models; all assays whether using transgenes or endogenous genes as reporter genes – are incorporated. In reviewing the current state of the art in evaluating these assays, the advantages and the disadvantages of the assays are discussed. This is to determine the feasibility of the routine use of these new in vivo gene mutation tests for health risk estimation. Gene mutation assays with transgenic animals have already been used on a small scale for legislation of chemicals. However, to allow the routine use of these assays for regulatory purposes, they will have to be validated further and an official OECD guideline prepared. TNO rapport V99.1097 / RIVM rapport 650210 002 Page 3 van 47
Analysis of Grasshopper, a Novel Social Network De-anonymization Algorithm

Social networks have an important and possibly key role in our society today. In addition to the benefits, serious privacy concerns also emerge: there are algorithms called de-anonymization attacks that are capable of re-identifying large fractions of anonymously published networks. A strong class of these attacks solely use the network structure to achieve their goals. In this paper we propose a novel structural de-anonymization attack called Grasshopper. By measurements we compare Grasshopper to the state-of-the-art algorithm, and highlight its enhanced capabilities, such as having negligible error rates and accessing yield levels that was not possible before: in cases when there is greater noise in the background knowledge. We furthermore evaluate an anonymity measure for the Grasshopper algorithm which enables the approximate ranking of nodes according to their re-identification rates. Finally, we characterize the robustness of Grasshopper in tackling identity separation, a privacy-enhancing technique that facilitate hiding of structural information.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Milk and Milk Products in and around Srinagar Area of Kashmir, India

Raw milk is an ideal growth medium for several microorganisms. Milk and its derivatives are considered vehicles of Staphylococcus aureus for infection in humans (Zecconi and Hahn, 2000). S. aureus is an important foodborne pathogen and causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals, ranging in severity from a mild skin infection to more severe diseases, such as pneumonia and septicemia (Lowy, 1998). In dairy cattle, S. aureus is frequently associated with subclinical mastitis (Adesiyun et al., 1998) and may contaminate milk and other dairy products (Capurro et al., 1999).
A Novel Construction and Mechanical Principles of Five-fingered Prosthetic Hand

This paper presents idea flow, development and construction of an anthropomorphic hand which is intended to be used mainly in prosthetics. Fundamental results of simulations and optimization of grasp are shown. The prototype has been manufactured and the principal functionality of finger mechanism (drive three axes by one string) has been tested. A new mechanical principle has been developed which is based again on an idea of using less actuators then joints with keeping adaptability and functionality of the mechanism.
Feedback of superconducting fluctuations on charge order in the underdoped cuprates

Metals interacting via short-range antiferromagnetic fluctuations are unstable to sign-changing superconductivity at low temperatures. For the cuprates, this leading instability leads to the well known $d-$wave superconducting state. However, there is also a secondary instability to an incommensurate charge density wave, with a predominantly $d-$wave form factor, arising from the same antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Recent experiments in the pseudogap regime of the hole-doped cuprates have found strong evidence for such a charge density wave order and, in particular, the predicted $d-$wave form factor. However, the observed wavevector of the charge order differs from the leading instability in Hartree-Fock theory, and is that of a subleading instability. In this paper, we examine the feedback of superconducting fluctuations on these different charge-density wave states, and find that over at least a small temperature window, they prefer the experimentally observed wavevector.
Detection and Analysis of Urban Change in Remotely Sensed Imagery by Principal Component Analysis of Image Data

: This paper exhibits the time variant multispectral transformation of image data for detection and analysis of urban changes across two or more images over time. The technique covered, which appeal directly to the vector nature of the image, includes, the principal component analysis transformation (PCA). The usefulness of PCA in processing of multispectral satellite images has been highlighted. PCA reduces image dimensionality by defining new, uncorrelated bands composed of the principal components (PCs) of the input bands. Thus, this method transforms the original data set into a new dataset, which captures better the essential information. IRS IC LISS III images of 2002 and 2011 of Gulbarga area were geometrically co-registered on which PCA for the urban change Detection was undertaken. A colour composite of Eigen images from the resulting PCA was used for analysis of urban change. It has been experienced that PCA effectively summarize the dominant modes of spatial, spectral and temporal variation in data in terms of linear combinations of image frames. It provides maximum visual separability of image features thus improving the accuracy of urban change detection and analysis.
The Ponds Dilemma

Is it better to be a big fish in a small pond or a small fish in a big pond? To find out, we study self-selection into contests among a large population of heterogeneous agents. Our simple and highly tractable model generates many testable and sometimes surprising predictions. For example: 1) Entry into the big pond–in terms of show-up fees, number or value of prizes–is non-monotonic in ability; 2) Entry into the more meritocratic (i.e., discriminatory) pond is likewise non-monotonic, exhibiting two interior extrema and disproportionately attracting contestants of very low ability; 3) Changes in reward structures can produce unexpected selection effects. For instance, offering higher show-up fees may lower entry, while raising the value of prizes or making a contest more meritocratic may lower the average ability of entrants.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of discrete sine-Gordon lattices with sinusoidal couplings

The spatiotemporal dynamics of a damped sine-Gordon chain with sinusoidal nearest-neighbor couplings driven by a constant uniform force are discussed. The velocity characteristics of the chain versus the external force are shown. Dynamics in the high- and low-velocity regimes are investigated. It is found that in the high-velocity regime, the dynamics is dominated by rotating modes, the velocity shows a branching bifurcation feature, while in the low-velocity regime, the velocity exhibits steplike dynamical transitions, broken by the destruction of strong resonances. @S1063-651X~98! 08201-4#
Action attribution in schizophrenia: evidencing neural correlates of reasoning?

The association between the bodily representation of the individual in neural activity of the brain and the construct of the self appears as a consistent and key relationship in varied self-perceptions. Nonetheless, while its perceptual realization implicates a need for the physical instantiation of the construct, variation in its representational content suggest that there exists a second determinant shaping self-representation. Impairments in action attribution but not in automatic, predictive processing that are observed in schizophrenia suggest that this latter determinant fails to link drive to goal decisional mechanisms with bodily representation. Complementary saliency incentivization mechanisms that enhance goal directed, predictive precision, on the other hand, may function to elicit independence from probabilistic predictions by facilitating rational goal inferencing. Action attribution in schizophrenia: evidencing neural correlates of reasoning?
Can the dark matter annihilation signal be significantly boosted by substructures?

A very general cosmological consideration suggests that, along with galactic dark matter halos, much smaller dark matter structures may exist. These structures are usually called `clumps', and their mass extends to 10−6 M ⊙ or even lower. The clumps should give the main contribution into the signal of dark matter annihilation, provided that they have survived until the present time. Recent observations favor a cored profile for low-mass astrophysical halos. We consider cored clumps and show that they are significantly less firm than the standard NFW ones. In contrast to the standard scenario, the cored clumps should have been completely destroyed inside ∼ 20 kpc from the Milky Way center. The dwarf spheroidals should not contain any dark matter clumps. On the other hand, even under the most pessimistic assumption about the clump structure, the clumps should have survived in the Milky Way at a distance exceeding 50 kpc from the center, as well as in low-density cosmic structures. There they significantly boost the dark matter annihilation. We show that at least 70% of the clumps endured the primordial structure formation should still exist untouched in the present-day Universe.
The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts

The mean composition of mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB) is determined using a global data set of major elements, trace elements, and isotopes compiled from new and previously published data. A global catalog of 771 ridge segments, including their mean depth, length, and spreading rate enables calculation of average compositions for each segment. Segment averages allow weighting by segment length and spreading rate and reduce the bias introduced by uneven sampling. A bootstrapping statistical technique provides rigorous error estimates. Based on the characteristics of the data, we suggest a revised nomenclature for MORB. “ALL MORB” is the total composition of the crust apart from back‐arc basins, N‐MORB the most likely basalt composition encountered along the ridge >500 km from hot spots, and D‐MORB the depleted end‐member. ALL MORB and N‐MORB are substantially more enriched than early estimates of normal ridge basalts. The mean composition of back‐arc spreading centers requires higher extents of melting and greater concentrations of fluid‐mobile elements, reflecting the influence of water on back‐arc petrogenesis. The average data permit a re‐evaluation of several problems of global geochemistry. The K/U ratio reported here (12,340 ± 840) is in accord with previous estimates, much lower than the estimate of Arevalo et al. (2009). The low Sm/Nd and 143Nd/144Nd ratio of all morb and N‐MORB provide constraints on the hypothesis that Earth has a non‐chondritic primitive mantle. Either Earth is chondritic in Sm/Nd and the hypothesis is incorrect or MORB preferentially sample an enriched reservoir, requiring a large depleted reservoir in the deep mantle.
Jastrow correlation factor for periodic systems

We propose a Jastrow factor for electron-electron correlations that interpolates between the radial symmetry of the Coulomb interaction at short interparticle distance and the space-group symmetry of the simulation cell at large separation. The proposed Jastrow factor captures comparable levels of the correlation energy to current formalisms, is 40% quicker to evaluate, and offers benefits in ease of use, as we demonstrate in quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
Density-dependent growth of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick

Summary 1 While density-dependent mortality and emigration have been widely reported in stream salmonid populations, density-dependent growth is less frequently detected. A recent study suggests that density-dependent growth in stream salmonids occurs at low densities, whereas density-dependent mortality and emigration occur at high densities. 2 To test the hypothesis that density-dependent growth occurs primarily at low rather than at high densities, we examined the relationship between average fork length and population density of young-of-the-year (YOY) Atlantic salmon at the end of the growing season using a 10-year data set collected on Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick. We tested whether (1) average body size decreases with increasing density; (2) the effect of density on average body size is greatest at low densities; (3) growth rate will decrease most rapidly at low effective densities [Σ(fork length)2]; (4) density-dependent growth is weaker over space than over time; and (5) the strength of density-dependent growth increases with the size of the habitat unit (i.e. spatial scale) when compared within years, but not between years. 3 There was a strong negative relationship between the average body size and population density of YOY Atlantic salmon in the autumn, which was best described by a negative power curve. Similarly, a negative power curve provided the best fit to the relationship between average body size and effective density. Most of the variation in average body size was explained by YOY density, with year, location and the density of 1+ and 2+ salmon accounting for a minor proportion of the variation. 4 The strength of density-dependent growth did not differ significantly between comparisons over space vs. time. Consistent with the last prediction, the strength of density-dependent growth increased with increasing spatial scale in the within-year, but not in the between-year comparisons. 5 The effect of density on growth was strongest at low population densities, too low to expect interference competition. Stream salmonid populations may be regulated by two mechanisms: density-dependent growth via exploitative competition at low densities, perhaps mediated by predator-induced reductions in drift rate, and density-dependent mortality and emigration via interference competition at high densities.
The balance of payments constrained growth rate and the natural rate of growth: new empirical evidence

This paper implements a panel approach to investigate the empirical relevance of ‘Thirlwall’s Law’, which states that long-run growth must be consistent with balance of payments (BOP) equilibrium and is, thus, determined on the demand side. Building on ARDL modelling, mean-group and pooled mean-group estimation methods, we use annual data over the 1960-2010 years for a panel of 22 OECD countries and find significant support for the ‘Law’. Next, we also explore empirically the hypothesis that the BOP-constrained growth rate (yb) must equal the natural (or potential) rate of growth (yn) and find that the data do not reject this hypothesis. Finally, we adopt a new approach, based on panel Granger-causality methods, to explore the direction of causality between yb and yn. The results indicate the existence of unidirectional long-run causality from yb to yn , thus reinforcing the view, embodied in the ‘Law’, that long-run growth is demand-determined and constrained by the BOP.
Enhanced Principal Component Analysis Recognition Performance

iii ÖZET . iv DEDICATION. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS. x LIST OF SYMBOLS . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xi
Genetic network underlying the induction and formation of cranial placodes in the Preplacodal Region

Vertebrate cranial sensory organs and their ganglia originate from thickened ectoderm called cranial placodes. Despite the cellular and functional diversity of cranial sense organs, their precursors derive from the ectoderm adjacent to the anterior neural plate region called preplacodal region (PPR). The PPR is characterized by the expression of a unique set of transcription factors referred as PPR genes, which include Foxi, ERNI, Datch, GATA, Dlx, Six, and Eya. The expression analysis of these genes does not correlate precisely with phenotypes in the PPR. Knockouts of all PPR genes do not show complete loss of any cranial placodes. However, Foxi3 and Dlx5 genes are expressed early in the PPR in complementary fashion, with Dlx5 localized anteriorly and Foxi3 localized posteriorly. In addition, mutants of Dlx gene family members show defective anterior cranial members do not show defects in the induction of cranial placodes. All these genes are considered as PPR genes because of their expression in the PPR, but not all of them contribute to PPR induction. Placodes, and Foxi3 knockout mice show defects in posterior placodes. On the other hand, Six and Eya gene family members, mentioned as definitive PPR genes in previous studies, are expressed after Foxi3 and Dlx5. Moreover, mutants of Six and Eya gene family Vertebrate cranial sense organs largely arise from ectodermal thickening, the placodes. Albeit diverse in function, precursors of cranial sensory placodes are intermingled initially and derive from a common region called preplacodal region (PPR) (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001; Couly and Le Douarin, 1985; Couly and Le Douarin, 1988; D’Amico-Martel and Noden, 1983; Litsiou et al., 2005; Streit, 2004). Several transcription factors have been identified as fate determining genes for the PPR and/ or cranial placodes, but the gene regulatory network that establishes PPR is not well understood. Based on knockout studies of different PPR genes, I have selected to discuss Foxi, Dlx, Six, and Eya gene families in this review. I will refer to Foxi and Dlx as competence transcription factors (CTFs) and the Six and Eya as definitive placodal genes (DPGs). The purpose of this review is to understand the relationship of CTFs and DPGs during the induction of PPR and cranial placodes.
A Multi-modal one-class generative adversarial network for anomaly detection in manufacturing

One class anomaly detection on high-dimensional data is one of the critical issue in both fundamental machine learning research area and manufacturing applications. A good anomaly detection should accurately discriminate anomalies from normal data. Although most previous anomaly detection methods achieve good performances, they do not perform well on high-dimensional imbalanced dataset 1) with a limited amount of data; 2) multi-modal distribution; 3) few anomaly data. In this paper, we develop a multi-modal one-class generative adversarial network based detector (MMOC-GAN) to distinguish anomalies from normal data (products). Apart from a domain-specific feature extractor, our model leverage a generative adversarial network(GAN). The generator takes in a modified noise vector using a pseudo latent prior and generate samples at the low-density area of the given normal data to simulate the anomalies. The discriminator then is trained to distinguish the generate samples from the normal samples. Since the generated samples simulate the low density area for each modal, the discriminator could directly detect anomalies from normal data. Experiments demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art one-class classification models and other anomaly detection methods on both normal data and anomalies accuracy, as well as the F1 score. Also, the generated samples can fully capture the low density area of different types of products.
The Influence of Technical Competence Factors in ERP System Implementations

In this research study, we develop a theory-based model to assess the influence of technical competence factors on the relationship between enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems implementation status and firm performance. The systemic concept that underlies ERP system implementations suggests that as firms implement ERP systems (intra-firm as well as inter-firm module sub-systems) their business performance increases. Moreover, firms that incorporate technical competence factors into their implementation model, achieve superior business performance.
CHALLENGES OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY TO ENTREPRENEURIAL- AND TECHNOLOGY- EDUCATION IN THE FINNISH COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL

Even if the concept Information Society has versatile meanings for its details, there is an approximate agreement about its general essence. There is an understanding e.g. about its emphasis on utilizing the computers, software and networks diversified and about the participatory, self originated activity culture of the citizens. As a result of these the central essence of Work has been changed from reproduction to thinking, understanding and planning. This is seen e.g. in many industries as transfer of the routine works to the countries of cheap labor and as increasing focus for research and development of new products in the home country. Today emphasized are teamwork, spontaneous, self-directed preparation for different activities, as well as adjustment to fast changes and uncertainties. ‘National Core Curriculum for Basic Education (2004) for Comprehensive School’ stresses the importance of having a new kind of culture for studying. The value basis and task of education, the learning approach, learning environment and methods emphasize the importance of learning initiatives, meaningful, innovative and self guided working skills, as well as adopting the skills to solve everyday problems, instead of mentioning only the learning contents (pp. 14 – 19). Entrepreneurship and consideration for the demands of the industrial society have been presented in the document added to the general aims, especially in studies of technological concepts and systems in ‘handicrafts’ (pp. 242 – 246). The curriculum also consists of ‘subject entities’ on entrepreneurship (‘Participatory citizenship and entrepreneurship’) and technology education (‘Man and technology’) (pp. 42 – 43). Their aim is to challenge students to strive for skills for such activities, which they will need both during their studies and later on at working life. Both entrepreneurship and technology as concepts connected with industry are as old as mankind and familiar phenomena for all in everyday life. As education contents in general education they may, however, wake up questions. – What is their meaning in the information society? – What are the connected aims in general education; what are the background values? – Why their importance is stressed so much in different contexts? – Which contents and knowledge structures are central and how they should be handled? – How the education institutions could co-operate with local entrepreneurs and industry?