Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testis cord morphogenesis: determination, establishment, and maintenance 1

A paper feeding apparatus for a printing apparatus includes a pickup roller, which rotates in close contact with a sheet of paper loaded in a cassette and which allows the paper to enter in a paper feeding path of the printing apparatus, and a moving device, which allows the pickup roller to be selectively close to or separated from the paper loaded in the cassette while moving the pickup roller up and down. The moving device includes a rotary shaft connected to a predetermined driving source, a pivoting member, installed at the rotary shaft to be capable of pivoting, and having the pickup roller rotatably supported at a free end thereof, a slider, sliding in engagement with the cassette entering in the printing apparatus and having a predetermined cam portion for pivoting the pivoting member formed at one side thereof, and an engagement rib provided at the pivoting member to be capable of sliding along the cam portion of the slider, wherein, when the slider is moved as the cassette enters or is pulled from the printing apparatus, the engagement rib slides along the cam portion to pivot the pivoting member so that the pickup roller is moved up and down. Thus, as the pickup roller is allowed to contact the paper after the cassette completely enters the printing apparatus, the displacement of the position of the paper can be prevented when the cassette is inserted.
SAPHYRE SAPHYRE Contract No . FP 7-ICT-248001 Interference and Utility Modelling ( final ) D 2 . 3 b

This final report describes the results of Task 2.3 (Interference and Utility Modelling). In the first part different interference models are discussed. Fundamental properties like convexity and monotonicity are explored and the problem of interference balancing is studied for a coupled multi-user system. Also, results on the multi-operator two-way relay channel are presented. In the second part of the deliverable, the resulting utility sets are discussed and a framework for joint scheduling and power control is derived. Also, game-theoretic strategies are studied. Finally, an approach based on wireless network coding is proposed.
Millimeter Wave Mobile Communication for 5 G Cellular

During the last few decades, mobile communication have significantly contributed to the economic and social developments of both developed and developing countries. Today, mobile communication form an indispensable part of the daily lives of millions of people in the world; a situation which is expected to continue and become even more undeniable in the future. Currently, many researchers and operators worldwide are deploying new technologies to offer faster access with lower latency and higher efficiency that its predecessors in the one before such as 3G, 3.5G, 4G and LTE-Advanced. As expected for such a situation challenges of the future are so huge that there is vastly increased need for new communication system with even further enhanced capabilities [1].
Integrating Trait-and Process-based Conceptualizations of Pathological Narcissism in the Dsm-5 Era

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders contains an innovative alternative model of personality pathology, which includes a substantially revised description of narcissistic personality disorder. Although this novel articulation represents a major advance in the description of pathological narcissism in the diagnostic nomenclature, significant challenges remain in the integration of core processes associated with self and interpersonal impairments with trait-based models of personality pathology. This chapter discusses this tension and the potential for integrating traitand dynamic process-based approaches for understanding pathological narcissism. Two cases are presented to illustrate the utility of understanding traits as ensembles of dynamic processes. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Education and Economic Growth in Bangladesh- An Econometric Study

Education is one of the fundamental important factors of economic growth. No country can achieve sustainable economic growth without substantial investment in human capital i.e. education. It improves the quality of lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. In this paper, the short and long run causal relationship between education and economic growth in Bangladesh is examined, using annual time series data covering the period from 1973 to 2010 in Bangladesh. The improved econometric methodologies; unit root and cointegration test, Granger Causality test, and Error Correction Modeling approach are applied. The stationarity of the data have been examined by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Results from Augmented Dickey-Fuller test show that both economic growth and components of educational expenditures are non stationary at the level but found stationary at the second differences, indicating that they are integrated of order two. Johansen maximum likelihood method is applied for testing long run relationship of the data. Both Eigen value and trace tests, without a trend and with a trend leads to the same results; there is one cointegrating relation at the 0.05 level of significance between education and Gross Domestic Products. Results show that there is unidirectional causality from GDP to education. As the long run relationship between education and economic growth is found. Therefore, spending on education can further help to improve economic growth. The implication of the result is that the role of education as an independent stimulus on GDP growth is not only for the long run but also for the short run. The Granger Causality test supports the results. The relationship between educational expenditure and economic growth is positive and statistically significant. One of the important findings of the study is that there is uni-directional causality between educational expenditure (proxy of education) and GDP volume (proxy of economic growth). Because, GDP causes education but education does not cause GDP to grow in Bangladesh.
Cloud classification from satellite data using a fuzzy sets algorithm - A polar example

Abstract Where spatial boundaries between phenomena are diffuse, classification methods which construct mutually exclusive clusters seem inappropriate. The fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm assigns each observation to all clusters, with membership values as a function of distance to the cluster centre. The FCM algorithm is applied to Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data for the purpose of classifying polar clouds and surfaces. Careful analysis of the fuzzy sets can provide information on which spectral channels are best suited to the classification of particular features and can help determine likely areas of misclassification. General agreement in the resulting classes and cloud fraction was found between the FCM algorithm, a manual classification and an unsupervised maximum likelihood classifier.
Performance Analysis of Underwater Image Enhancement with CLAHE 2D Median Filtering Technique On the Basis Of SNR, RMS Error, Mean Brightness

The objects in the underwater images are faint, difficult to view and analyze because the images of such environment loses the details of the objects. In this paper a method of RMS error reduction & SNR improvement is presented for underwater images with keeping Mean brightness preserved in which the image quality is first enhanced using Contrast Limited Adaptive histogram equalization method and 2d median filter , and then histogram thresholdding is used for segmentation of the objects for analysis. The method is tested on various type of underwater image environment and signal to noise ratio (SNR), RMS error and mean brightness is used for comparison for various images and it is found that using this method is advantageous as it improves the SNR to greater values even after segmentation while RMS error represented by ERMS gets reduced leading to better visualization and keeping mean brightness constant.
In silico Simulations for DNA Shuffling Experiments

DNA shuffling is a powerful method used for in vitro evolute molecules with specific functions and has application in areas such as, for example, pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural research. The success of such experiments is dependent on a variety of parameters and conditions that, sometimes, can not be properly pre-established. Here, two computational models predicting DNA shuffling results is presented and their use and results are evaluated against an empirical experiment. The in silico and in vitro results show agreement indicating the importance of these two models and motivating the study and development of new models. Keywords—Computer simulation, DNA shuffling, in silico and in vitro comparison.
A record of the Porbeagle, Lamna nasus, in coastal waters of Buenos Aires (Argentina) confirmed by DNA barcoding

A record of a juvenile Porbeagle, Lamna nasus, in the coastal waters of Argentina is confirmed by DNA barcoding, since the specimen lacked some external diagnostic features. We discuss the occurrence of this species in the coastal waters of Argentina, its molecular affinity with conspecifics from a broad range of the species, and relevant conservation issues.
The cosmic code comparison project

Current and upcoming cosmological observations allow us to probe structures on smaller and smaller scales, entering highly nonlinear regimes. In order to obtain theoretical predictions in these regimes, large cosmological simulations have to be carried out. The promised high accuracy from observations makes the simulation task very demanding: the simulations have to be at least as accurate as the observations. This requirement can only be fulfilled by carrying out an extensive code verification program. The first step of such a program is the comparison of different cosmology codes including gravitational interactions only. In this paper, we extend a recently carried out code comparison project to include five more simulation codes. We restrict our analysis to a small cosmological volume which allows us to investigate properties of halos. For the matter power spectrum and the mass function, the previous results hold, with the codes agreeing at the 10% level over wide dynamic ranges. We extend our analysis to the comparison of halo profiles and investigate the halo count as a function of local density. We introduce and discuss ParaView as a flexible analysis tool for cosmological simulations, the use of which immensely simplifies the code comparison task.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE TeV GAMMA-RAY SOURCE ARGO J2031+4157 WITH THE CYGNUS COCOON

The extended TeV gamma-ray source ARGO J2031+4157 (or MGRO J2031+41) is positionally consistent with the Cygnus Cocoon discovered by Fermi-LAT at GeV energies in the Cygnus superbubble. Reanalyzing the ARGO-YBJ data collected from 2007 November to 2013 January, the angular extension and energy spectrum of ARGO J2031+4157 are evaluated. After subtracting the contribution of the overlapping TeV sources, the ARGO-YBJ excess map is fitted with a two-dimensional Gaussian function in a square region of 10° × 10°, finding a source extension σext= 1. °8 ± 0. °5. The observed differential energy spectrum is dN/dE = (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10−11(E/1 TeV)−2.6 ± 0.3 photons cm−2 s−1 TeV−1, in the energy range 0.2–10 TeV. The angular extension is consistent with that of the Cygnus Cocoon as measured by Fermi-LAT and the spectrum also shows a good connection with the one measured in the 1–100 GeV energy range. These features suggest to identify ARGO J2031+4157 as the counterpart of the Cygnus Cocoon at TeV energies. The Cygnus Cocoon, located in the star-forming region of Cygnus X, is interpreted as a cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays related to the Cygnus superbubble. The spectral similarity with supernova remnants (SNRs) indicates that the particle acceleration inside a superbubble is similar to that in an SNR. The spectral measurements from 1 GeV to 10 TeV allows for the first time to determine the possible spectrum slope of the underlying particle distribution. A hadronic model is adopted to explain the spectral energy distribution.
Quasi-Newton methods: superlinear convergence without line searches for self-concordant functions

ABSTRACT We consider the use of a curvature-adaptive step size in gradient-based iterative methods, including quasi-Newton methods, for minimizing self-concordant functions, extending an approach first proposed for Newton's method by Nesterov. This step size has a simple expression that can be computed analytically; hence, line searches are not needed. We show that using this step size in the BFGS method (and quasi-Newton methods in the Broyden convex class other than the DFP method) results in superlinear convergence for strongly convex self-concordant functions. We present numerical experiments comparing gradient descent and BFGS methods using the curvature-adaptive step size to traditional methods on deterministic logistic regression problems, and to versions of stochastic gradient descent on stochastic optimization problems.
Role of osteogenic protein-1/bone morphogenetic protein-7 in spinal fusion

Correspondence: Kern Singh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 west Harrison Street, POB 1063, Chicago, illinois 60612, USA Tel +1 (312) 432-2373 Fax +1 (312) 942-1516 email kern.singh@rushortho.com Abstract: Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), also known as bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), is a protein in the TGF-β family of cellular proteins that has shown potential for application in patients undergoing spinal fusion due to its proven osteoinductive effects, particularly in patients with spondylolisthesis. OP-1 initiates numerous processes at the cellular level, acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts to stimulate bone growth. Animal studies of OP-1 have provided strong evidence for the ability of OP-1 to initiate ossification in posterolateral arthrodesis. Promising findings in early clinical trials with OP-1 prompted FDA approval for use in long bone nonunions in 2001 and subsequently for revision posterolateral arthrodesis in 2004 under a conditional Humanitarian Device Exemption. Larger clinical trials have recently shown no notable safety concerns or increases in adverse events associated with OP-1. However, a recent clinical trial has not conclusively demonstrated the noninferiority of OP-1 compared to autograft in revision posterolateral arthrodesis. The future of OP-1 application in patients with spondylolisthesis thus remains uncertain with the recent rejection of Premarket Approval (PMA) status by the FDA (April 2009). Further investigation of its treatment success and immunological consequences appears warranted to establish FDA approval for its use in its current form.
Chapter 2 Fragaria

Strawberry, genus Fragaria L. , is a member of the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae (Potter et al. 2007), and has the genus Potentilla as a close relative. Strawberry fruits are sufficiently economically important throughout the world such that the species is included in The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, Annex 1 (http://www.planttreaty.org/). The hybrid strawberry fruit of commerce, Fragaria ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier nothosubsp. ananassa, is eaten by millions of people and is cultivated from the arctic to the tropics. More than 75 countries produce significant amounts of this fruit (FAO 2010). Annual world production is increasing from 3 to more than 4 thousand MT (Fig. 2.1). About 98% of the production occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, though production is expanding in the south (Hummer and Hancock 2009). The genus Fragaria was first summarized in preLinnaean literature by C. Bauhin (1623). In Hortus Cliffortianus, Linneaus (1738) described this genus as monotypic containing Fragaria flagellis reptan; in Species Plantarum (Linneaus 1753), he described three species including varieties, though several European species now known were omitted, and one belonging to Potentilla was included (Staudt 1962). Duchesne (1766) was credited for publishing the best early taxonomic treatment of strawberries (Hedrick 1919; Staudt 1962). Duchesne maintained the strawberry collection at the Royal Botanical Garden, having living collections documented from various regions and countries of Europe and the Americas. He distributed samples to Linnaeus in Sweden. The present Fragaria taxonomy includes 20 named wild species, three described naturally occurring hybrid species, and two cultivated hybrid species important to commerce (Table 2.1). The wild species are distributed in the north temperate and holarctic zones (Staudt 1989, 1999a, b; Rousseau-Gueutin et al. 2008). European and American Fragaria subspecies were monographed by Staudt (1999a, b), who also revised the Asian species (Staudt 1999a, b, 2003, 2005; Staudt and Dickorè 2001). Chinese and midAsian species are under study (Lei et al. 2005) but require further collection and comparison, considering global taxonomy. The distribution of specific ploidy levels within certain continents has been used to infer the history and evolution of these species (Staudt 1999a, b).
Mouse Cursor Operation for Overlapped Windowing and Its Evaluation

When we perform a task that involves operating many windows, we cannot access the objects behind them. As a result, we are frequently forced to switch the foreground window or temporarily forced to move it. Such window manipulations arise because of the difference between the dimensions of the windows and the cursor. In this paper, we propose a technique, in which the cursor is able to go underneath windows using a normal mouse. The results of our user study show that our technique allows users to perform a task faster than they typically operate windows using mouse-only and mouse-keyboard operations.
Comparative study of central composite and Box-Behnken design for the optimization of malachite green dye adsorption onto Sal seed activated char.

Interpretation : Malachite green dye is extensively used for coloring purpose, as therapeutic agent and as a biocide in the aquaculture industry. The presence of dye in the industrial effluents is an environmental concern, and therefore it's removal is inevitable. Sal seed activated char was utilised for the removal of dye from aqueous solution through adsorption process. The purpose of the present study was to examine and optimize the effect of adsorbent dose, pH and initial dye concentration on dye adsorption Central Composite Design (CCD) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD).
Toxoplasma gondii infection and neuropsychiatric disease: current insight

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Reports in Parasitology 2015:4 43–51 Reports in Parasitology Dovepress
The Open University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Idiolectal error Journal Item

A linguistic theory is correct exactly to the extent that it is the explicit statement of a body of knowledge possessed by a designated language-user. This popular psychological conception of the goal of linguistic theorizing is commonly paired with a preference for idiolectal over social languages, where it seems to be in the nature of idiolects that the beliefs one holds about one’s own are ipso facto correct. Unfortunately, it is also plausible that the correctness of a genuine belief cannot consist merely in that belief’s being held. This paper considers how best to eliminate this tension. 1. The Psychological Conception of Linguistic Theories and the Independence Principle A linguistic theory is correct exactly to the extent that it is the explicit statement of a body of linguistic knowledge possessed by a designated individual language-user. This knowledge is hypothesized as being partially responsible for the successful linguistic behaviour, the appropriate utterances and responses to others’ utterances, of that designated individual. This popular psychological conception of linguistic theories has been criticized on the grounds that knows that is an implausible way to construe the relation holding between an individual and the clauses of a linguistic theory ostensibly applicable to her. Objections generally take the form of isolating a supposedly essential ingredient of genuine knowledge, then claiming £ Thanks to Stephen Barker, David Davies, Paul Pietroski, Jenny Saul, Ben Shaer, Rob Stainton, Chris Viger, Andrew Woodfield, and (especially) Barry Smith and a referee for this journal. Audiences at the University of Sheffield, the 1999 Canadian Philosophical Association meeting in Sherbrooke, Quebec, and the European Congress of Analytic Philosophy in Maribor, Slovenia, 1999 also helped me to improve on earlier drafts.
The Quantification of Drought: An Evaluation of Drought Indices

Abstract Indices for objectively quantifying the severity of meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological forms of drought are discussed. Indices for each drought form are judged according to six weighted evaluation criteria: robustness, tractability, transparency, sophistication, extendability, and dimensionality. The indices considered most promising for succinctly summarizing drought severity are computed for two climate divisions in Oregon for 24 water years, 1976-99. The assessment determined that the most valuable indices for characterizing meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts are rainfall deciles, total water deficit, and computed soil moisture, respectively.
Describing Sensory Experience: The Genre of Wine Reviews

The purpose of the article is to shed light on how experiences of sensory perceptions in the domains of vision, smell, taste, and touch are recast into text and discourse in the genre of wine reviews. Because of the alleged paucity of sensory vocabularies, in particular in the olfactory domain, it is of particular interest to investigate what resources language has to offer in order to describe those experiences. We show that the main resources are, on the one hand, words evoking properties that are applicable cross-modally and properties of objects that range over more than one domain, and on the other, vivid imagery that compares the characteristics of the wine with people, buildings, animals, and the hustle and bustle of market places and other events. The second goal is to account for the construals of the meanings of the expressions used in the recontextualization into written discourse in the light of their apparent flexibility across the descriptions of the sensory experiences. In contrast to a large body of the literature on sensory meanings in language, we argue that the descriptors of properties such as sharp, soft, lemon, and cherry used to describe a wine's qualities across the sensory domains are not polysemous synesthetic metaphors, but monosemous synesthetic metonymizations, more precisely zone activations. With regard to the imagery used, the construals represented cover both similes, metaphorizations and metonymizations proper.