Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilingual Plagiarism in the Academic World

This chapter is an essay about a new ethical problem that has become apparent to us in recent years. Bilingual plagiarism is the act of passing off the work of others (in particular, the writing of others) as one’s own and disguising the plagiarism by intentionally translating the work into another language without giving due attribution to the original author. In an increasingly connected and multilingual world where access to vast amounts of text is relatively easy, bilingual plagiarism may well be an increasing phenomenon. It is undoubtedly difficult to detect. In the chapter we analyze the drivers facilitating, and mitigating against, this new (? ) phenomenon. We offer an old-fashioned solution, that of reinforcing the values on which the modern university is founded.
Leaveism and illness-related behaviour.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that leaveism may be a link between sickness absence and sickness presence (attending work despite illness). This paper examines one of the three components of leaveism (utilization of annual leave entitlements or flexi hours instead of sick leave). AIMS To study whether leaveism provides additional information about employees' well-being not already predicted by sickness absence and sickness presence and to test previously suggested reasons for this behaviour. METHODS Data from a heterogeneous sample of employees from a study on presenteeism was used to analyse the association between leaveism and self-rated health and to further investigate previously hypo thesized links with sickness absence and sickness presence. RESULTS Data from 930 employees (response rate 31%) were analysed. Although the use of leave entitlements when unwell is less prevalent (mean = 1.5 days per year) than sickness absence (6.2 days) and sickness presence (7.4 days), this component of leaveism is significantly related to subjective health adjusted for sickness absence, sickness presence and other control variables. The results suggest that this component of leaveism is associated with fear of job loss, promotion prospects, more restrictive attendance policies and work overload. Contrary to expectations it is associated with lower, rather than higher, job enjoyment. CONCLUSIONS Leaveism provides additional information about employees' illness-related behaviour and well-being and should be further considered in future research. Among those employees who try to avoid sick leave, high workload seems to be a stronger predictor of sickness presence, whereas fear of job loss seems to promote leaveism.
Social games and game-based revenue models

C asual, social games are estimated to engage more than 200 million world-wide with revenues of US$6 billion on mobile, iPhone, social networks, PC, Mac, Xbox LIVE Arcade platforms (CGA 2013). The name of the game is freemium for this economy. Freemium provides players with free access to games. Those players who want to upgrade the look and feel of the game or other additional amenities pay for it. Tetris , created in a Soviet lab
In vitro exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) testis to estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals: mRNA expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes

Many environmental pollutants can exert adverse effects on exposed organisms, including fish, leading to disruption of the endocrine system. Enzymes involved in the sex steroid biosynthesis are potential targets for the toxic action of pollutants. In this context, we investigated the hypothesis that selected estrogenic chemicals—the pharmaceutical estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE2), the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN), and the industrial compound bisphenol A (BPA)—may cause endocrine disruption by directly disturbing steps of fish steroidogenic pathways. We studied the mRNA expression of eight selected genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes (11β-HSD2, 20β-HSD, 3β-HSD1, 17β-HSD1, 17β-HSD8, 17β-HSD12, CYP19a, CYP19b) by quantitative real-time PCR. Testis slices from adult specimens of the model fish Nile tilapia were exposed in vitro for 3 and 8 h either to individual or to mixture solutions of EE2 (100 ng/L), GEN (200 ng/L), and BPA (10 µg/L); all at the peak concentrations observed in the Douro River estuary (Portugal). Our data revealed that only the mixture of the tested chemicals directly induced the expression of 11β-HSD2, 17β-HSD1, and 17β-HSD12, after 8 h, whereas no effect was seen for chemicals tested individually. The gene expression pattern agrees with the concept of dose addition for environmental mixtures, and for the first time an interference of estrogenic EDCs is reported for 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD12.
Differential binding of lectins IL-2 and CSL to candida albicans and cancer cells.

The demonstration that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a lectin specific for oligomannosides allows to understand a new function for this cytokine: as a bifunctional molecule when bound to its receptor ss, IL-2 associates the latter which the CD3/TCR complex, interacting with oligosaccharides of CD3 through its carbohydrate-recognition domain (Zanetta et al. , 1996, Biochem. J., 318, 49-53). This induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of the IL-2R beta by ++p56(lck) , the first step of the IL-2-dependent signaling. Since this specific association is disrupted in vitro by oligomannosides with five and six mannose residues, we made the hypothesis that pathogenic cells or microorganisms could bind IL-2, consequently disturbing the IL-2-dependent response. This study shows that the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (in contrast with nonpathogenic yeasts) binds high amounts of IL-2 as did cancer cells. In contrast with cancer cells, yeasts do not bind the Man6GlcNAc2-specific lectin CSL, an endogenous "amplifier of activation signals" (Zanetta et al. , 1995, Biochem. J., 311, 629-636).
Outcome of surgery for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment In a Nigerian eye hospital.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the treatment outcome of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at the Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case files of patients who had surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at the Guinness Eye Center Onitsha between June 1997 and May 2012 were reviewed. Information obtained included age, sex, presenting and post-operative visual acuity, anatomical reattachment, post- operative complications and causes of treatment failure. RESULTS Fifty four patients, 33 males and 21 females, age range: 48-79 years, median-56 years, had surgery. Three patients had giant retinal tears; 10 patients also had proliferative vitreo-retinopathy(PVR). Symptoms duration was 7 days to 18 months; median-7 months; the post-surgery follow-up was 9 months to 6 years; median -2 years.While 47(87%) patients had pre-operative visual acuity<3/60 in the affected eye, post-operatively 48(88.9%) patients achieved acuity e" 3/60, with 14(25.9%) attaining uncorrected visual acuity of 6/9 - 6/18. The retina remained attached 6 months after surgery in 45(83.3%) patients.The post- operative complications included re-detachment, 12(22.2%) patients, cataract, 5(9.3%), exposed explant, 2(3.7%), suture granuloma, diplopia and retinal haemorrhage, 1(1.9%) patient each.The surgical failure in the 12 patients were were due to PVR (9 patients) and missed retinal holes (3 patients). CONCLUSIONS Despite poor infrastructure and late presentation by patients, the anatomical and visual results of surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using cryo-retinopexy and scleral buckling technique are encouraging. Better results would be expected if patients presented early and facilities for vitrectomy provided for tackling complex detachments.
Fuzzy rule-based model to estimate surface roughness and wear in hard coatings

In this paper, a new approach in predicting the surface roughness and flank wear of hard coatings using fuzzy rule-based model is implemented. Hard coatings is important for cutting tool due to its excellent performances in 800°C temperature during high speed machining. The coating process were run using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering process. An experiment matrix called Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to collect data based on optimized data point. Sputtering power, substrate bias voltage and substrate temperature were used as the variables, and coating roughness and flank wear as the output responses of the coating process. The collected experimental data were used to develop fuzzy rules. Five triangular membership functions (MFs) for input variables and nine MFs for output responses were used in constructing the models. The results of fuzzy rule-based models were compared against the experimental result based on the percentage error, co-efficient determination (R2) and model accuracy. The rule-based model for coating roughness showed an excellent result with respective smallest percentage error, R2 and model accuracy were 0.85%, 0.953 and 89.20% respectively. Meanwhile, the fuzzy flank wear model indicated 6.38%, 0.91 and 81.79% for smallest percentage error, R2 and model accuracy. Thus, fuzzy logic can be a good alternative in predicting coating roughness and flank wear in hard coatings.
Perkembangan Perbankan Indonesia: Analisis Dampak terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional Indonesia dan Penyebab-penyebabnya dengan Data Panel 1983-1999

Combining regional growth model and integration of financial institution model, this paper evaluates whether intermediary development influences growth in Indonesia. Recent research has proved that not only banks development influence economic growth positively but also its exogenous components.However, there are several different assumptions during adopt this model in Indonesia. Especially regional approach is differing than national approach in growth model. The point is the existence of intermediary integration across region whit causes the economic agent move freely within a nation.The data show that integration of financial intermediation was not always associated with economic growth. Only four of twenty six provinces which proved strong influence of financial intermediation on economic growth. Labor condition and average annual wages are not exogenous variables which explain growth due to financial intermediation in Indonesia. At least during 1987-1998.
Statistical mechanics of supercoiled DNA.

The conformation of long supercoiled DNA loops under near physiological conditions has been the subject of a long series of laboratory and Monte Carlo experiments, and impressive agreement between theory and experiment has been achieved [1–2]. A closed unnicked DNA loop has fixed linking number: this constraint leads to a competition between twisting and bending (writhing) elastic energy which drives plectonemic supercoiling. However, entropy, as manifest through a fluctuation induced repulsive force, overwhelms this elastic effect for fractional linking number perturbations ∣σ∣ 0.02, plectonemic supercoils are stable, but thermal fluctuations continue to play an important role, competing with bending and twisting elastic energy to set the superhelical radius. We have constructed an analytic theory for this effect that agrees well with experiment [3], using methods from polymer statistical mechanics.
Broad overview of a clinical and commercial experience with CoolSculpting.

BACKGROUND Cryolipolysis has been shown to be a safe and effective noninvasive procedure for the reduction of localized subcutaneous fat. OBJECTIVES The authors examine the safety, efficacy, and procedural growth of cryolipolysis (via the CoolSculpting device; Zeltiq, Pleasanton, California) in a single plastic surgery practice. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted for 528 consecutive patients who underwent cryolipolysis treatment from January 2010 to December 2012. The number of patients, the number of treatment cycles, the average number of cycles per patient, all treatment areas, and all procedural complications were recorded and analyzed. Overall practice growth with the device was also analyzed. RESULTS Over the study period, 1785 anatomic sites were treated with 2729 cycles, primarily in the lower abdomen (28%, n = 490 cycles), upper abdomen (11%, n = 189), left flank (19%, n = 333), right flank (19%, n = 333), inner thigh (6%, n = 111), outer thigh (5%, n = 87), and back (6%, n = 99). The age distribution for men and women was similar (46.6 ± 12.8 years for women and 46.5 ± 12.3 years for men; overall range, 18-79 years). Only 3 cases of mild or moderate pain/neuralgia were reported and resolved in 4 or fewer days. No adverse events were reported. Procedure volume showed consistent growth, with treatment cycles increasing by 823% by 2012. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results in this single plastic surgery practice, cryolipolysis is a safe and effective nonsurgical body contouring method associated with high patient satisfaction that can generate steady, significant business growth.
Optimization of Dendritic Cell Loading With Tumor Cell Lysates for Cancer Immunotherapy

The immune response to cancer is critically determined by the way in which tumor cells die. As necrotic, stress-associated death can be associated with activation of antitumor immunity, whole tumor cell antigen loading strategies for dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination have commonly used freeze-thaw “necrotic” lysates as an immunogenic source of tumor-associated antigens. In this study, the effect of such lysates on the ability of DCs to mature in response to well-established maturation stimuli was examined, and methods to enhance lysate-induced DC activation explored. Freeze-thaw lysates were prepared from murine tumor cell lines and their effects on bone marrow-derived DC maturation and function examined. Unmodified freeze-thaw tumor cell lysates inhibited the toll-like receptor-induced maturation and function of bone marrow-derived DCs, preventing up-regulation of CD40, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II, and reducing secretion of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6]. Although IL-10 secretion was increased by lysate-pulsed DCs, this was not responsible for the observed suppression of IL-12. Although activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway remained intact, the kinase activity of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was inhibited in lysate-pulsed DCs. Lysate-induced DC suppression was partially reversed in vitro by induction of tumor cell stress before lysis, and only DCs loaded with stressed lysates afforded protection against tumor challenge in vivo. These data suggest that ex vivo freeze-thaw of tumor cells does not effectively mimic in vivo immunogenic necrosis, and advocates careful characterization and optimization of tumor cell-derived vaccine sources for cancer immunotherapy.
Survey of peanut levels in selected Irish food products bearing peanut allergen advisory labels

Peanut allergy affects up to 2% of consumers and is responsible for the majority of fatalities caused by food-induced anaphylaxis. Peanut-containing products must be clearly labelled. Manufacturers are not legally required to label peanut if its inclusion resulted from unintentional cross contact with foods manufactured in the same facility. However, the use of allergen advisory statements alerting consumers of the potential presence of peanut allergen has increased in recent years. In previous studies, the vast majority of foods with precautionary allergen statements did not contain detectable levels of peanut, but no data are available on Irish food products. Thirty-eight food products bearing peanut/nut allergen-related statements were purchased from multiple locations in the Republic of Ireland and analysed for the presence of peanut. Peanut was detected in at least one lot in 5.3% (2 of 38) of the products tested. The doses of peanut detected ranged from 0.14 mg to 0.52 mg per suggested serving size (0.035–0.13 mg peanut protein). No detectable levels of peanut were found in the products that indicated peanut/nuts as a minor ingredient. Quantitative risk assessment, based on the known distribution of individual threshold doses for peanut, indicates that only a very small percentage of the peanut-allergic population would be likely to experience an allergic reaction to those products while the majority of products with advisory labels appear safe for the peanut-allergic population. Food manufacturers should be encouraged to analyse products manufactured in shared facilities and even on shared equipment with peanuts for peanut residues to determine whether sufficient risk exists to warrant the use of advisory labelling. Although it appears that the majority of food products bearing advisory nut statements are in fact free of peanut contamination, advice to peanut allergy sufferers to avoid said foods should continue in Ireland and therefore in the wider European Union.
Regulation of Corynebacterium glutamicum Heat Shock Response by the Extracytoplasmic-Function Sigma Factor SigH and Transcriptional Regulators HspR and HrcA

ABSTRACT Heat shock response in Corynebacterium glutamicum was characterized by whole-genome expression analysis using a DNA microarray. It was indicated that heat shock response of C. glutamicum included not only upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP) genes encoding molecular chaperones and ATP-dependent proteases, but it also increased and decreased expression of more than 300 genes related to disparate physiological functions. An extracytoplasmic-function sigma factor, SigH, was upregulated by heat shock. The SigH regulon was defined by gene expression profiling using sigH-disrupted and overexpressing strains in conjunction with mapping of transcription initiation sites. A total of 45 genes, including HSP genes and genes involved in oxidative stress response, were identified as the SigH regulon. Expression of some HSP genes was also upregulated by deletion of the transcriptional regulators HspR and HrcA. HspR represses expression of the clpB and dnaK operons, and HrcA represses expression of groESL1 and groEL2. SigH was shown to play an important role in regulation of heat shock response in concert with HspR and HrcA, but its role is likely restricted to only a part of the regulation of C. glutamicum heat shock response. Upregulation of 18 genes encoding transcriptional regulators by heat shock suggests a complex regulatory network of heat shock response in C. glutamicum.
Behaviour problems in children with language impairment.

BACKGROUND Language impairment is often associated with behaviour problems. However, detailed relations between different types of language impairment and specific behaviour problems in children have yet to be demonstrated. The present study attempted to do just this with an eye to the implications to identify foci for early intervention. METHODS The language abilities of 71 five-year-old children with language impairment were assessed via the administration of an extensive battery of language tests. The children's behaviour profile was assessed via administration of the Child Behaviour Checklist. RESULTS Factor analyses confirmed the presence of four language factors: speech, syntax, semantics and phonology. Forty percent of the children displayed serious significant behaviour problems. The most frequently occurring behaviour problems were: withdrawn behaviour, somatic complaints, thought problems and aggressive behaviour. Behaviour problems were associated with three of the four language factors but not strongly associated with speech problems. CONCLUSIONS Differential relations between specific types of language impairment and specific behaviour problems already exist at a young age. Phonological problems showed broad relations to problem behaviour; semantic language problems were especially related to internalizing behaviour problems. This finding suggests the need for specific therapies for both different types of language problems and different types of behaviour problems.
Housing affordability, central city economic productivity and the lower income labour market

The objective of this research was to establish whether the diminishing supply of affordable housing options for lower income (LI) workers near job-rich central city (CC) locations is having an impact on CC businesses and on the overall productivity of CC economies. The findings of the specific research questions are summarised here. The research comprised a review of census and other data as to the housing market position of the LICC labour force in five of Australia's key metropolitan areas (metros)-Perth, Darwin, Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane-as well as a series of interviews with employers in Sydney's CC and an analysis of the demand profile on recent infill development in the City of Sydney council area Disciplines Business Publication Details Van Den Nouwelant, R. , Crommelin, L. , Herath, S. & Randolph, B. (2016). Housing affordability, central city economic productivity and the lower income labour market. AHURI Final Report, 261 1-186. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow. edu.au/buspapers/1127 Housing affordability, central city economic productivity and the lower income labour market authored by Ryan van den Nouwelant, Laura Crommelin, Shanaka Herath and Bill Randolph for the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute at The University of New South Wales
Online emotional support delivered by trained volunteers: users’ satisfaction and their perception of the service compared to psychotherapy

Abstract Background: Technology could answer the substantial need in human resources available for supporting those who suffer from mental illness, by providing scalable methods to train and engage non-professionals to those who need their support. 7 Cups of Tea (7COT) platform was chosen for this study, because it provides a good case study for examining this kind of solution. Aim: The aim of this paper was to provide empirical findings regarding users’ satisfaction with online emotional support provided by trained volunteers and how it is perceived in comparison to psychotherapy. Methods: An online survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 7COT users. Results: The findings showed high user satisfaction with the support provided by 7COT listeners and, on average, users who indicated to receive psychotherapy in their past marked the listeners’ support to be as helpful as psychotherapy. Relating to psychotherapy and online emotional support advantages, different advantages were found. The findings suggest that receiving support from volunteers makes users feel that the support is more genuine. Conclusion: The paper provides preliminary evidence that people in emotional distress may find non-professionals support delivered through the use of technology to be helpful. Limitations and implications are discussed.