Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Composition of Some Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Imo State, Nigeria

Leafy vegetables are source of macro and micronutrients that play major role in maintaining healthy living. The chemical composition of undefatted and defatted vegetables; Amaranthus hybridus, Curcubita pepo and Gnetum africana was analyzed using the methods of Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) 1990. The moisture content of undefatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana was 8.35% ± 0.05, 8.55%± 0.01 and 7.60% ± 0.01 respectively while defatted samples had 17.60% ± 0.01, 18.70%± 0.02 and 15.00% ± 0.01 respectively. Undefatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana had 1.60% ± 0.02, 4.15% ± 0.02 and 7.10% ± 0.02 of crude lipids respectively. The crude protein content of defatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana was 12.04% ±0.00, 21.60% ± 0.01 and 4.86% ± 0.01 respectively while undefatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana had crude protein of 32.95% ± 0.01, 20.80% ± 0.02 and 19.67% ± 0.01 respectively. The crude fibre content of undefatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana was 19.60% ± 0.01, 16.35% ±0.00 and 27.25% ± 0.00 respectively while defatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana had crude fibre content of 12.40% ±0.01, 3.16% ± 0.01 and 13.70% ± 0.00 respectively. The ash content of undefatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G.africana was 17.70% ± 0.01, 15.20% ±0.02 and 8.00% ± 0.02 respectively while the ash content of defatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana was 43.60% ± 0.02, 43.60% ± 0.02 and 47.90% ± 0.02 respectively. The total carbohydrate content of undefatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana was 15.40% ± 0.02, 30.40% ± 0.01 and 30.38% ± 0.01 respectively while the total carbohydrate content of defatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana , was 14.36% ± 0.01, 12.94% ± 0.01 C.pepo and G. africana, was 14.36% ± 0.01, 12.94% ± 0.01 and 18.54% ± 0.01 respectively. The mineral composition of udefatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana showed 64.60mg/g, 38.60mg/g and 10.50mg/g of sodium; 11.05mg/g, 9.08mg/g and 3.40mg/g of potassium; 13.68mg/g, 11.52mg/g and 3.60mg/g of magnesium; 28.80mg/g, 32.00mg/g and 13.60mg/g of calcuim; 87.50mg/g, 65.25 mg/g and 78.75mg/g of iron; 0.99mg/g 1.15mg/g and 0.35mg/g of phosphorus respectively. Defatted A.hybridus, C.pepo and G. africana showed mineral composition of 24.80mg/g, 17.50mg/g and 6.14mg/g of sodium; 8.65mg/g, 4.64mg/g and 4.10mg/g of potassium;12.48mg/g,2.18mg/g and 3.36mg/g of magnesium, 26.40mg/g, 28.40mg/g and 12.80mg/g of calcium; 0.81mg/g, 45.00mg/g and 37.50mg/g of iron; 8.57mg/g, 1.12mg/g and 0.18mg/g of phosphorus respectively. The cyanogenic glycoside was higher in the undefatted than the defatted vegetables. Based on the results obtained it is more rewarding nutritionally to consume leafy vegetables in their undefatted form.
Characterization of the University of Toronto Concentrated Aerosol Particle Exposure Facility (CAPEF)—Effects on Fine and Ultrafine Nonrefractory Aerosol Composition

Virtual impactor-based particle concentrators have been developed to enable the study of biological mechanisms and dose-response relationships of particulate matter (PM) inhalation. The Concentrated Aerosol Particle Exposure Facility (CAPEF) at the University of Toronto houses the Harvard School of Public Health designed coarse, fine, and quasi-ultrafine particle concentrators for such studies. Characterization of the concentration of the nonrefractory components of ambient particles was carried out in the winter of 2010. The fine concentrator shows higher mass concentration factors for ambient sulfate than for semi-volatile components, as measured using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). The change in composition is based on the relative size distributions of particulate sulfate, which, compared to particulate organic and nitrate, is more dominant in larger particles more efficiently concentrated due to the physical characteristics of the virtual impactors. The ultrafine concentrator, which requires aqueous condensational growth of particles prior to concentration, shows a large enhancement in organic mass both for ambient particles and for laboratory-generated ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate particles added to filtered outdoor air. As suggested previously, changes in the organic mass spectrum and size distributions are consistent with addition of organic mass through reactions of water-soluble volatile organic compounds. Coagulation of particles or droplet coalescence may also account for some of the observed increase in organic mass and nitrate may be lost due to volatilization. While such effects are unlikely to affect refractory species, increased attention should be given to the effect of condensational growth on the composition of concentrated ultrafine particles. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Registering pole figures using an X-ray single-crystal diffractometer equipped with an area detector

The orientation of crystals in a polycrystalline sample is adequately described using pole figures, displaying the three-dimensional distribution of specific crystallographic directions or poles. Registration of pole figures is necessary to characterize the preferred orientation of crystals and its influence on the anisotropy of properties in textured materials. It is also useful to understand the development of highly organized microstructures in polycrystalline materials. Pole figures can be registered efficiently using an area detector, available at most modern single-crystal diffractometers. This paper describes in detail the procedure of data collection and processing of pole figures using a single-crystal diffractometer equipped with an area detector. Specifically, a Bruker SMART APEX diffractometer was used, but this methodology can be readily adapted to other diffractometers.
Synthesis of diphenyl-diacetylene-based nematic liquid crystals and their high birefringence properties

We synthesized two series of diphenyl-diacetylene (DPDA)-based materials with alkoxy and alkyl tails of length m (DPDA–OCm and DPDA–Cm, respectively), and measured their nematic-phase birefringence (Δn) as a function of wavelength and temperature. We found that Δn decreases with an increase in m, possibly by a dilution effect of the low-Δn alkyl tail. Further, of the two series, Δn was found to be relatively higher in the DPDA–OCm materials, with the highest value of 0.4 obtained for DPDA–OC1 at 550 nm at 10 °C below the isotropic-to-nematic transition temperature. Further, we observed the temperature dependence for Δn, which is proportional to the order parameter (s). From extrapolation to s = 1 (the perfect orientation state), it is speculated that the DPDA–O moiety has the potential to afford a very large Δn of 0.9.
Acoustic propagation in ducts with varying cross sections

The method of multiple scales is used to derive the equations that describe the spatial and temporal variation of the amplitudes and phases of a wave packet propagating in slowly varying hard‐walled or lined ducts. The analysis is carried out for rectangular as well as circular ducts. These equations are statements of the conservation of energy. For large admittance or high‐frequency modes, an approximate expression is obtained for the attenuation. This expression shows that all possible acoustic modes are attenuating. The results also show that decreasing the cross‐sectional area can lead to elimination of some of the acoustic modes.
Immobilization and stabilization of subtilisin Carlsberg in magnetically-separable mesoporous silica for transesterification in an organic solvent

Subtilisin Carlsberg (SC) was immobilized and stabilized on magnetically-separable mesoporous silica (Mag-MSU-F) in the form of nanoscale enzyme reactors (NERs) based on the ship-in-a-bottle mechanism. Stabilized NERs of SC (NER-SC) were freeze-dried and successfully used for the transesterification of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester with n-propanol in isooctane. Magnetic separation of Mag-MSU-F facilitated the repeated usages of stable NER-SC. This is the first demonstration for the use of stable and magnetically-separable NERs in an organic solvent, which has the potential for environmentally-friendly synthesis using enzymes in organic solvents.
An approach to minimize useless checkpoints on distributed optimistic simulations

Distributed architectures for modeling and simulation can scale the execution of large and complex models. These architectures frequently utilize checkpoint strategies to guarantee the execution of synchronous and asynchronous components. However, the complete avoidance of useless checkpoints is impractical, and it can severely decrease the simulation performance. In this paper, we present a set of metrics to identify useless checkpoints at run-time. Additionally, we extended a probabilistic decision that employs our proposed metrics to create only checkpoints with high probability to be loaded by roll-back operations. The method identiﬁes inconsistent checkpoints based on the communication patterns and granularity of the events since the last rollback. The results showed that the proposed metrics allow reducing the number of useless checkpoints without negative impacts on simulation performance and outperforms traditional probabilistic strategies in terms of rollback time.
Interaction of a biomolecule with mobile ions in aqueous solution: comparison of three fast approximate methods with the direct solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation

To treat the electrostatic effect of the solvent and mobile ions on a biomolecule solute, it is necessary to have a collection of approximate methods and to choose the particular method according to the available computer resources and the complexity of the system being modeled. In the present paper, calculation of the solvation energy, the solvation forces, and the interactions with mobile ions are considered, and three fast approximate methods are introduced. The first one is the thin ion layer (TIL) approximation, which approximates the real profile of the mobile ion charge density by a hypothetical set of surface-charge ions condensed on a particular surface around the biomolecule solute
Modeling the Interaction of Urbanization and Surface Water Quality Environment

Urbanization often causes environmental degradation and harms human health in developing countries. The study aims to develop a predictive model to investigate the interaction between urbanization and surface water quality. By using remote sensing image interpretation techniques, the dynamic of urban expansion in land use and land utility is qualitatively described. Spatial patterns of surface water quality are evaluated by using a Geographic Information System tool (ArcView [GIS 3.2, ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA]) based on field samples and laboratory measurements. Based on social welfare maximization theory, the urban expansion model is developed to simulate surface water environmental response to urbanization related to different socioeconomic situations. The model is applied as a case study in Xi'an, China, from 1996 to 2003. The simulated result indicates that Xi'an would delay the completion of its urbanization process until after 2021. The model is proved to be theoretically and practically valuable for environmental fate assessment to determine relationship between water pollutants and the environmental factors. In this context, the information presented here may be useful in environmental forensic investigations involving multiple sources and complex urban settings.
Study of the influence of some organics as thiourea derivatives and butindiol in steel pickling baths

The corrosion inhibition effect of the following organic additives: 2‐butin‐1,4‐diol (BD), N,N′‐dimethylthiourea (DMTU), N,N′‐diethylthiourea (DETU) and N,N′‐diisopropylthiourea (DITU), in steel pickling baths (sulphuric acid solutions) was studied by means of weight loss and electrochemical measurements like open circuit potential (OCP), polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A significant decrease in the corrosion rate was observed in presence of the investigated compounds depending on the nature and the concentration of the additives. The weight loss experiments show an inhibitory efficiency that reaches values beyond 98 %. The protective effect increases with the enlargement of the lateral chain size in the case of the thioureas. The electrochemical experiments show also a protective effect of the organic additives against corrosion. Their adsorptive behaviour is found to follow the Langmuir model.
Promoting road safety education in young adults with Facebook: a mini-case study in engineering university students in Ecuador Promoviendo educación sobre seguridad vial en jóvenes adultos con Facebook: un mini estudio de caso en estudiantes universitarios de ingeniería en Ecuador

The road safety education is essential to reduce road traffic deaths. This study aims to promote road safety education in young adults with social networks. The research experiments if through Facebook posts, young adults increase their knowledge of road safety. The case of study was implemented in twenty-five university students from Ecuador, between 21 and 27 years old. The method of the research consisted to create a Facebook page where it posted two daily publications (informative and comic). All participants had to interact with their content for approximately four months (between November 2019 and February 2020). Students answered two tests to assess their knowledge of road safety and a survey about the web page. It used qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the collected data. As a result, Facebook significantly improved road safety knowledge (22%). The young people agreed with its use in an academic context. This methodology could apply to other fields, given its simplicity and practicality, which can quickly reach a lot of people. Palabras clave: Ecuador, Facebook, road safety education, young adults.
Kinetics of Silicon Growth under Low Hydrogen Pressure

Die Kinetik der Si- Abscheidung in einem unter vermindertem Hg-Druck (10-760 Torr) arbeitenden Reaktor wird fur SiH4, SiH2Cl2 , SiHCl3 und SiCl4 als Si-Quellen untersucht.
Catecholamine Quantification in Body Fluids Using Isocratic, Reverse Phase HPLC‐CoulArray Multi‐electrode Chemical Detector System: Investigation of Sensitivity, Stability, and Reproducibility

Abstract Catecholamines (CATs) neurotransmitters regulate a number of physiological and behavioral functions. These amines are released from the nerve endings and are present in ultramicro quantities in plasma and other body fluids. For meaningful evaluation of their concentration, it is essential that the technology used for their measurement is highly sensitive, efficient, and stable. Among various methods used for their measurement, recently developed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐ECD), combined with a CoulArray multielectrode detector system, is found to be the most suitable for detecting picogram concentrations of CATs in small samples of human plasma and other body fluids, as well as tissues. In this paper, we describe systematic investigations of various factors involved in contributing to the reliability and reproducibility of CATs measurement. These factors include sensitivity of detection, limits of linear relationship between concentration and the response factor, stability of the system and extracts, as well as, other factors that need to be controlled in order to achieve reliable results.
Identification and quantification of organic phosphorus forms in soils from fertility experiments

The effects of soil type, crop rotation, fertilizer type and application rate on the composition of organic phosphorus (P) compounds in soils from four sites in a Swedish long‐term fertilizer experiment were investigated with 31P‐NMR. Soil textures investigated were loamy sand, sandy loam, silty clay loam and clay. Phosphorus has been added to the soils since the 1950s and 1960s at four different rates in the form of either mineral fertilizer or a combination of manure and mineral fertilizer. Results show that in soils receiving no P addition, most of the soil P was present in the form of phosphate monoesters (60–70%, depending on soil type). However, a P addition equivalent to the amount of P removed annually by harvest altered this relationship so that the soils were dominated by orthophosphate instead. This trend became more obvious with increasing P addition. At the greatest P application rate, orthophosphate comprised 70% or more of the total extracted P in all the soils. These changes in the soil were due entirely to increase in orthophosphate, because the amounts of monoesters did not change with increasing P additions. This was true both for mineral fertilizer and the combination of manure and mineral fertilizer P. Soil type and crop rotation did not influence the results. The results indicate that there is no apparent build‐up of organic P in the soils, but that P addition mainly affects the orthophosphate amounts in the soils regardless of form or amount of fertilizer.
Numerical Analysis of Thermoacoustic Instabilities Using LES and Computational Aeroacoustics

Abstract Many technical combustion devices are susceptible to thermoacoustic instabilities. A deeper understanding of this transient phenomenon as well as the underlying physical processes is desirable. In this context, a turbulent enclosed flame is investigated numerically within this work by means of a hybrid LES/CAA (Large Eddy Simulation/Computational Aero Acoustics) approach as a step towards a numerical prediction of combustion instability. A thermoacoustically stable as well as a thermoacoustically unstable operating point are investigated. The LES computations reveal good overall agreement between simulation and experimental data. However, the recirculation zone, which is created by a backward facing step, is underestimated for the unstable case. The amplitudes as well as the frequencies of the simulated acoustic pressure are in good agreement with experimental data for the stable case. Considering the unstable case, the frequency of the oscillation is captured accurately, while the amplitudes are underpredicted.
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Chromatogram and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Blepharis maderaspatensis and Maesa indica

Solvent leaf extracts of Blepharis maderaspatensis and Maesa indica were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) and their antimicrobial potential evaluated. Ethyl acetate extract of B. maderaspatensis showed highest activity against Escherichia coli (20 mm) in well method, while its acetone extract showed high antibacterial potential against E. faecalis (18 mm) by the disc diffusion method. The GCMS profile of B. maderaspatensis (ethyl acetate extract) and M. indica (acetone extract) tested positive for the presence of bioactive constituents that revealed the presence of saponin, phenols, tannin, glycoside, flavonoid, steroid, alkaloid, and oils when analyzed.
Synthesis and characterization of a thiourea derivative of chitosan for platinum recovery

Chitosan is effective at removing platinum from dilute solutions, but sorption properties are significantly affected by the presence of competitor anions, such as chloride and, especially, sulfate anions. Sorption capacities in such complex solutions are enhanced by grafting thiourea through glutaraldehyde linkage. The influence of the amount of glutaraldehyde and thiourea in the impregnation bath was investigated and optimized with special attention to the composition of the solution and the type of acid used for pH control. This modification involves a change in the sorption mechanism: While glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan adsorbs platinum through an ion-exchange mechanism, the thiourea derivative of chitosan acts as a chelating resin, less sensitive to ionic strength and competitor anions. Platinum sorption is also less sensitive to pH, and increasing the sulfate anion concentration has a limited effect on platinum sorption in comparison with the crosslinked sorbent. Thiourea grafting seems to increase sorption kinetics, especially in solutions controlled with sulfuric acid. SEM–EDAX techniques as well as FTIR analyses were used to characterize chemical modifications of the sorbent. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 119–134, 2000
Structural and electrical characterization of polyanilines synthesized from chemical oxidative polymerization via doping/de-doping/re-doping processes

Structural characterization of various emeraldine salt (ES) and emeraldine base (EB) polyaniline (PANI) powders synthesized from chemical oxidative polymerization and then via de-doping and re-doping processes is first presented. Partial crystallinity with well-separated x-ray diffraction peaks is observed in the as-prepared ES PANI powder and an amorphous characteristic is identified in the de-doped EB PANI powder. From scanning electron microscopy, both the nanostructures of the as-prepared ES and de-doped EB PANI precipitated powders possess similar morphology. This finding reveals that the de-doping process to remove the counter-ions intercalated between the as-prepared ES PANI chains makes the de-doped EB PANI pieces become soft but does not change the nanostructures significantly. Then, the electrical conductivity perpendicular to the surface of the pressed PANI disc pellets is studied. The re-doped ES PANI pellets possess less electrical conductivity than their as-prepared counterparts, which suggests that during the re-doping process the counter-ions (Cl− or ) are re-adsorbed predominantly on the surface region of the PANI nanostructures. Besides, the re-doping of larger counter-ions (with respect to Cl−) intercalated between the PANI chains increases the d-spacing of (1 0 0) planes and hence reduces the corresponding π–π inter-chain interaction. Finally, from the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity together with the structural information, the charge carrier hopping mechanisms perpendicular to the surface of the pressed pellets corresponding to various PANI samples are compared and discussed.
Protein Content in Dairy Cattle Diets Affects Ammonia Losses and Fertilizer Nitrogen Value

Altering feeding strategies for dairy cattle (Bos taurus) may reduce manure N excretion and NH 3 emission from the manure. We determined the effect of dietary formulation on NH 3 emission immediately following manure excretion and the availability of manure N for plant growth. Manure (urine and feces) was collected from dairy cattle fed diets containing crude protein levels of 16.4% (T1High), 15.3% (T1Med), and 12.3% (T1Low) in trial 1, and 18.3% (T2High), 16.7% (T2Med), and 153% (T2Low) in trial 2. Ammonia emission was measured in the laboratory for up to 48 h. Emissions during the first 24 h following manure excretion were 38 and 23% of the total manure N from Diets T1High and T1Low, and 22, and 15% of the total manure N from Diets T2High and T2Low. Manure NH 4 + concentration and pH were positively related to the dietary crude protein level. Manure from cattle-fed diets T1Med and T1Low were applied to soil at two rates to determine short-term N availability for three plantings of corn (Zea mays L.) grown for 30 d each in the greenhouse. The recovery of manure and fertilizer N in the plants and the soil for the first two plantings was 48, 31, and 103% for the T1Med, T1Low, and inorganic N treatments, respectively. Whole farm N utilization for diets T2High and T2Low were estimated at 18 and 23%, respectively. Feeding diets lower in crude protein increases efficiency of N on the dairy farm, decreases NH 3 emissions following excretion but also decreases the short-term N availability of the manure.