Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthèse de brosses de polyélectrolytes par polymérisation initiée depuis une surface de mica et étude de leur réponse en fonction du pH et de la force ionique

Neutral polymer brushes of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and polyelectrolyte brushes of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were chemically grafted on mica in order to study their conformation as a function of grafting density, pH and ionic strength. The brushes were prepared via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This approach allows the control of the polymer growth and of the polymer grafting density. The study of brush conformation was investigated by measuring the dry and the swollen film thicknesses by Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) under various environmental conditions. Mica substrates were activated by a plasma method leading to OH-functionalized surfaces to which a radical initiator was covalently bound using standard siloxane protocols. The initiator grafting on the mica substrate was confirmed by water contact angle measurements and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The covalently immobilized initiator successfully underwent SI-ATRP with tert-butyl acrylate, yielding end-grafted PtBA brushes that are covalently linked to mica. A linear relationship of the polymer thickness with respect to the molecular weight of the free polymer and with respect to the monomer conversion is obtained confirming that SI-ATRP is well controlled. The PtBA brushes were then hydrolyzed to PAA as confirmed by water contact angle measurements, polymer thickness measurements and FT-IR. The grafted layers show a good stability in air, organic solvent and aqueous solution and a reversible swelling. Film cleavage is observed for long exposure time in basic solution. This study represents the first example of chemically grafted brushes on mica via SI-ATRP.
Enhancement of styrene-butadiene rubber composites using kaolin covered with metal oxide pigments

Purpose – This paper aims to express in detail the rheological, morphological and thermal properties of unpigmented and pigmented styrene-butadiene rubber composites with new prepared inorganic pigment based on kaolin covered with a thin layer of calcium and magnesium oxides or mixed oxide of both together. These new pigments combine the properties of both their constituents (kaolin and metal oxides), which are a new trend in inorganic pigments called core-shell pigments. The pigments used for comparison are kaolin (K), CaO/kaolin (CaO/K), MgO/kaolin (MgO/K) and CaO.MgO/kaolin (CaO.MgO/K). Design/methodology/approach – The different pigments were characterized using different analytical and spectrophotometric techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy, while rubber vulcanizates' rheological, morphological, swelling and thermal properties were examined using different standard and instrumental testing and methods. Finding.
Synthesis, characterization and DNA interaction studies of a new platinum(II) complex containing caffeine and histidine ligands using instrumental and computational methods

A new Pt(II) complex, [Pt(Caff)(His)(Cl)] (Caff is Caffeine (3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione) and His is l-Histidine), was synthesized and characterized using different physicochemical methods. The interaction of this complex with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was investigated by absorption, emission, circular dichroism (CD), and viscosity measurements and molecular docking techniques. The calculated binding constant, Kb, was 5.3 × 103 M−1. In fluorimetric studies, the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction between the complex and ct-DNA showed that the reaction is exothermic (∆H = −184.07 kJ mol−1, ∆S = −551.97 J mol−1 K−1). CD spectra of DNA in the presence of different amounts of the complex showed little changes in both the negative and positive band intensities, which imply a non-intercalative mode between the DNA and the platinum complex. Furthermore, the study of molecular docking also indicated that the complex binds to DNA via a groove binding mode. Graphical abstract
PRODUCCIÓN DE COMPOSTA Y VERICOMPOSTA A PARTIR DE LOS LODOS DE LA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DE UN RASTRO

An investigation oriented to compost and vermicompost production was conducted using sewage sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant of a slaughterhouse at Durango city. From 75 m 3 of sludge a production of 10.9 tons of compost were obtained in 150 days with 2.06 % of TKN, 0.16 % P d and 0.13% K d , and at a production cost of 0.51 Mexican pesos/kg competing with the 2.3 Mexican pesos /kg of the potting soil for gardening sold at the locality. As for the vermicompost, 12.5 tons were obtained in 210 days with a lower nutritional quality, 1.4 % of TKN, 0.12 % P d and 0.15% K d , with a production cost of 1.2 Mexican pesos/kg; resulting in a lower profit. However, vermicomposting was the best system of production if considering the sale of the earthworm.
Deutschland auf dem Weg in die Kreislaufwirtschaft

Die Entstehung von Abfall im Zusammenhang mit Produktionsund Konsummustern wurde in der Vergangenheit als notwendiges Übel akzeptiert. Diese scheinbare Selbstverständlichkeit wird jedoch mehr und mehr hinterfragt: Kreislaufwirtschaft, Circular Economy, Zero Waste, Kreisläufe schließen, Ressourceneffizienz, Abfallvermeidung, Wiederverwendung, Wiederverwertung, Recycling – dies alles sind Begriffe, die der Idee zugeschrieben werden können, eine Welt möglichst ohne Müll, dafür aber mit einem verantwortungsbewussten Umgang mit Ressourcen, Wertstoffen, Produkten und der Umwelt zu erreichen. Dies kann jedoch nur mit einem umfangreichen, ganzheitlichen Konzept erreicht werden, das auf jeder Stufe des Produktlebenszyklus sowohl auf Ebene der Materialien als auch der Energie Ansätze wie Vermeidung, Wiederverwendung und -verwertung sowie Recycling berücksichtigt und bereits am Anfang eine umweltgerechte Gestaltung der Produkte vorsieht, die ein Recycling am Ende des Produktlebenszyklus ermöglicht – eine Kreislaufwirtschaft. An die Transformation zur Kreislaufwirtschaft sind hohe Erwartungen bezüglich ökologischer und gleichzeitig auch ökonomischer Vorteile gebunden. Immer mehr Studien betonen diese Vorteile auf vier verschiedenen Ebenen: Ressourcennutzung, Umwelt, Wirt15/ 2016 DEUTSCHLAND AUF DEM WEG IN DIE KREISLAUFWIRTSCHAFT?
D-FENS: DNS Filtering & Extraction Network System for Malicious Domain Names

While the DNS (Domain Name System) has become a cornerstone for the operation of the Internet, it has also fostered creative cases of maliciousness, including phishing, typosquatting, and botnet communication among others. To address this problem, this dissertation focuses on identifying and mitigating such malicious domain names through prior knowledge and machine learning. In the first part of this dissertation, we explore a method of registering domain names with deliberate typographical mistakes (i.e., typosquatting) to masquerade as popular and well-established domain names. To understand the effectiveness of typosquatting, we conducted a user study which helped shed light on which techniques were more successful than others in deceiving users. While certain techniques fared better than others, they failed to take the context of the user into account. Therefore, in the second part of this dissertation we look at the possibility of an advanced attack which takes context into account when generating domain names. The main idea is determining the possibility for an adversary to improve their success rate of deceiving users with specifically-targeted malicious domain names. While these malicious domains typically target users, other types of domain names are generated by botnets for command & control (C2) communication. Therefore, in the third part of this dissertation we investigate domain generation algorithms (DGA) used by botnets and propose a method to identify DGA-based domain names. By analyzing DNS traffic for certain patterns of NXDomain (non-existent domain) query responses, we can accurately predict DGA-based domain names before they are registered. Given all of these approaches to malicious domain names, we ultimately propose a system called D-FENS (DNS Filtering & Extraction Network System). D-FENS uses machine learning and prior knowledge to accurately predict unreported malicious domain names in real-time, thereby preventing Internet devices from unknowingly connecting to a potentially malicious domain name.
PREVALENCE OF HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE IN CESAREAN SECTION IN AL-KADHIMIYA TEACHING HOSPITAL

Background: Hyaline membrane disease ,one of the commonest cause of sever respiratory distress early in life ,which is caused by surfactant deficiency is described not only in preterm infant but also in near term babies after cesarean section . Objective: The study aimed to identify the occurrence of hyaline membrane disease following cesarean section (cs) in ALKadhimiyia Teaching Hospital. Patient and methods: The study was conducted during the period between 1 January-30 April 2009, on 372 neonate born in AL-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital . All patients were singletons, their gestational age between 37-40 weeks, and their body weight >2.5 kg. They were grouped into 3 groups according to the mode of delivery, normal vaginal delivery (NVD), emergency or elective CS. Result: Males were affected more than females (14.1%&9.2% respectively), occurrence of hyaline membrane disease was much higher after delivery by CS(18.5%). , than after NVD (4.76 %). There was little difference in the occurrence of hyaline membrane disease between emergency and elective CS and the lower the body weight of the neonate the more the occurrence of hyaline membrane disease was noted. Conclusion: Normal vaginal delivery has a possible protective effect against hyaline membrane disease as the frequencies of it’s occurrence was noticed to be less in normal vaginal deliveries than in cesarean section deliveries.
Der Phasenübergang in der U(1)-Gittereichtheorie

Diese Arbeit untersucht den Phasenubergang der vierdimensionalen, kompakten, reinen U(1) Gittereichtheorie basierend auf der Wilson-Wirkung. Mit Hilfe einer effizienten parallelen Implementierung des multikanonischen Hybrid Monte Carlo Algorithmus simulieren wir Systeme bis zur Grose 184 mit jeweils (106-107) Konfigurationen. Ziel dieses Projekts ist die eindeutige Bestimmung der Ordnung dieses Phasenubergangs. Im Rahmen einer heuristisch motivierten Erweiterung der Finite Size Scaling (FSS) Theorie erster Ordnung von Borgs-Kotecky auf die U(1) Gittereichtheorie untersuchen wir verschiedene Kumulanten der Plaquette Energie. Das Skalieren der untersuchten Grosen ist konsistent mit einer Reihenentwicklung in 1/V, wobei V = L4 das Systemvolumen ist. Insbesondere die Beschreibung der pseudokritschen Kopplungen beta(V) uber diesen Fitansatz ist sehr prazise und stabil. Wir ermitteln fur die Phasenubergangskopplung des unendlich ausgedehnten Systems betaT = 1.011131(21) und bestimmen die Asymmetrie log(X) = 3.21(10), wobei X das relative Phasengewicht der Coulombphase gegenuber der confined Phase des unendlich grosen Systems angibt. Um das Szenario eines Skalierens zweiter Ordnung bei groseren Systemen auszuschliessen, untersuchen wir die latente Warme auf Systemen bis 324 uber zusatzliche Simulationen beider jeweils metastabilen Phasen einzeln bei betaT. Der nichtverschwindende Energiesprung weist auf einen unstetigen Phasenubergang hin. Der Wert dieses gaps stimmt mit dem uber das finite size scaling der spezifischen Warme ermittelten gap uberein. Eine unabhangige storungstheoretische Rechnung auf dem Gitter bestatigt ein Skalenverhalten erster Ordnung fur die pseudokritische Kopplung, welche uber das Gleichgewicht der freien Energien beider Phasen definiert ist. Die uber den fuhrenden Korrekturterm berechnete Asymmetrie log(X) = 3.15(8) stimmt auffallend mit dem FSS Resultat uberein. Abweichungen vom Borgs-Kotecky FSS in Korrekturen hoherer Ordnung lassen darauf schliesen, dass entweder die Borgs-Kotecky FSS Theorie oder die Storungstheorie auf dem Gitter lediglich asymptotische Konvergenz aufweisen. Dies beruhrt jedoch nicht die klare Evidenz eines diskontinuierlichen Phasenubergangs aufgrund der ubereinstimmend nicht verschwindenden latenten Warme des unendlich ausgedehnten Systems.
Isoflavone Content and its Relationship with Other Seed Quality Traits of Soybean Cultivars Collected in South Korea

The 117 soybean cultivars were collected from nine provinces in Korea, and various seed quality traits along with isoflavone contents were evaluated to elucidate their relationship. The 100-seed weight of the black soybean (31.2 g) was significantly higher (p＜0.05) than yellow soybeans (28.6 g). The composition of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein accounted for 75.8, 22.8, and 1.4％ of total isotlavone in yellow soybean cultivars, while their compositions in black soybeans were 58.5, 39.7, and 1.8％, respectively. The mean contents of total isoflavone in yellow and black soybean were 1,561.6 ㎍ g? ¹ and 1,018.3 ㎍ g? ¹. The isofalvone content showed significant variation among cultivars when classified by the seed size. In the yellow soybeans, total isoflavone content was higher in small size soybean cultivars (1,776.0 ㎍ g? ¹) and medium size soybean cultivars (1,714.3 ㎍ g? ¹) compared to large size ones (1,518.5 ㎍ g? ¹). Genistein content was proved as the major factor determining the relationship between isoflavone content and 100-seed weights (r = -0.206*). Daidzein and glycitein, however, showed no significant relationship with the 100-seed weights. Isoflavone content was not significantly correlated with color parameters L (lightness) and a (redness) values, but color parameter b (yellowness) was positively correlated with glycitein (r = 0.264*) in the yellow soybeans, while its negative correlation between daidzein (r= -0.245*) and total isoflavone (r = -0.256*) were observed in black soybeans. However, these findings suggested that the seed color value may not serve as an effective parameter for estimating the isoflavone intensity of the soybeans. Variation of protein and lipid contents between yellow soybeans (n = 58) and black soybeans (n = 59) was relatively stable, however, protein and lipid contents have no significant relationship with isoflavone content.
DETERMINATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN RIVER WATER BY SWEEPING-MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY

This paper describes a simple and sensitive sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) method for the preconcentration and separation of five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac sodium, and ketoprofen. We have optimized the sweeping conditions, including the composition of the sample matrix and the sample injection time. With this sweeping method, about 143- and 401-fold improvements in peak height and peak area, respectively, were obtained. The calibration plots were linear (r2 ≥ 0.998) over a range of 5–500 ng/mL for diclofenac, fenoprofen, and naproxen and 10–500 ng/mL for ibuprofen and ketoprofen, and the detection limits were in the range of 1.4–2.5 ng/mL. Finally, to show the capability of the sweeping-MEKC method for the analysis of environmental aquatic samples, river water samples fortified with the NSAID compounds were analyzed without any previous sample pretreatment, obtaining limits of detection ranging between 6.5 and 14.6 ng/mL.
Identification of downstream targets of the lymphoid-specific transcriptional coactivator OBF-1

The generation, development, maturation and selection of mammalian B lymphocytes is a complex process that is initiated in the embryo and proceeds throughout life to provide the organism an essential part of the immune system it requires to cope with pathogens. Transcriptional regulation of this highly complex series of events is a major control mechanism, although control is also exerted on all other layers, including splicing, translation and protein stability. This review summarizes our current understanding of transcriptional control of the well-studied murine B cell development, which bears strong similarity to its human counterpart. Animal and cell models with loss of function (gene ‘‘knock outs’’) or gain of function (often transgenes) have significantly contributed to our knowledge about the role of specific transcription factors during B lymphopoiesis. In particular, a large number of different transcriptional regulators have been linked to distinct stages of the life of B lymphocytes such as: differentiation in the bone marrow, migration to the peripheral organs and antigen-induced activation. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of Flame and Smoke Detection for Early Fire Recognition

In this paper, a flame and smoke detection algorithm is proposed to recognize a fire. Flame and smoke have specific color distribution and continuously change shapes of them. In the proposed flame detection algorithm, specific regions are candidated as flame by color distributions and variations of frames of video. Some of candidated regions are decided as flame by the magnitude of motion vector. To determine smoke in the field of view of camera, edge is important because high frequency component is decreased by it. Candidated region of smoke is assigned by color distributions, inter-frame differences and the value of edge. The candidated region is settled as smoke region with magnitude of motion vector. As results of simulations, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is useful for flame and smoke detection.
Simultaneous Measurement of 3-Dimensional Shape and Behavior of Single Bubble in Liquid Using Laser Sensors

A novel sensing system of bubble shape, surface area, volume and rising velocity using three coupled laser sensors was developed. To confirm the reliability of the system, the bubble shape was simultaneously measured using both a high-speed video camera and this system for an identical rising single bubble. The bubble's outline analyzed using the laser scanning system corresponded well with that analyzed by the video image analysis. The measured rising velocities of bubbles agreed well over a wide range of liquid viscosity with the data of Grace (1973), and Bhaga and Weber (1981). Moreover, the measured surface area of a bubble agreed well enough with the estimation of Tadaki and Maeda (1961) under their experimental condition. With this system, not only rising velocity of a single bubble but also its three-dimensional shape and surface area could he more precisely and quickly measured in real-time.
Magnetism in Polymers with Embedded Gold Nanoparticles

preserve the surprising magnetic properties induced at thenanoscale. NPs exhibit a large fraction of surface atoms, whichare different to those of the bulk volume mainly because ofthe broken symmetry at the surface, which alters their elec-tronic configuration and consequently their physical andchemical properties, depending on the electronic state. Al-though bulk materials also have surface atoms, they representa negligible fraction of the total, so their contribution to thephysical properties of the material is insignificant. Moreover,in the case of NPs, as the fraction of surface atoms stronglydepends on the particle size, so do their properties. Anotherinteresting feature of the surface atoms is that their propertiescan be modified by capping the NP with different chemicalspecies, which create bonds that induce a modification of thecharge distribution at the NP surface. A surprising example ofthese surface effects is the observation of magnetism in goldNPs capped with dodecanethiol, in spite of the diamagneticbehavior of the bulk gold, as noted above.
SYM 2206 (a potent non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist) elevates the threshold for maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SYM 2206 (a potent non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist) on the threshold for maximal electroshock (MEST)-induced seizures in mice. Electroconvulsions were produced in mice by means of a current (sinewave, 50 Hz, maximum 500 V, strength from 4 to 14 mA, 0.2-s stimulus duration, tonic hind limb extension taken as the endpoint) delivered via ear-clip electrodes. SYM 2206 administered systemically (i.p.), 30 min before the MEST test, at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, did not alter the threshold for maximal electroconvulsions in mice. In contrast, SYM 2206 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly elevated the threshold for maximal electroconvulsions in mice (P<0.01 and P<0.001). Linear regression analysis of SYM 2206 doses and their corresponding threshold increases allowed for the determination of threshold increasing doses by 20% and 50% (TID20 and TID50 values) that elevate the threshold in drug-treated animals over the threshold in control animals. The experimentally derived TID20 and TID50 values for SYM 2206 were 4.25 and 10.56 mg/kg, respectively. SYM 2206 dose-dependently increased the threshold for MEST-induced seizures, suggesting the anticonvulsant action of the compound in this seizure model in mice.
The in vitro differentiation of prostate epithelial cells and gonadal adipocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells

Regenerative medicine is centred around the premise that progenitor populations can be engineered to give rise to mature cell lineages forming a complex tissue architecture which in turn produces functional organs. The potency of the starting progenitor population is therefore a critical consideration. The mesendoderm is a rare population of cells present in the embryo only at gastrulation. This bipotent population gives rise to the mesoderm and the definitive endoderm and all mature cell types derived from these germ layers. Mesodermal progenitors generate cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle, as well as the blood and vascular lineages, bone and connective tissue cells. The endoderm is the source of numerous cell lineages with potential utility for regenerative medicine including hepatocytes, pancreatic lineages and the epithelial cells of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. The development of numerous organs is dependent upon mesoderm-derived lineages interacting with endodermal-derived cell types. The kidney, adrenal gland, pancreas and genito-urinary tract development all require interactions between mesodermal and endodermal derivative cell types. Here, we describe the unique genetic programmes that lead to mesendoderm formation, the pathways leading to mesoderm and endoderm specification and examples where mature cell types from both germ layers interact to support their mutual development. We will also show how these programmes are being * Corresponding author Stuart T. Fraser: Disciplines of Physiology and Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Tel: +612 9036 3313; Fax: +612 9036 3316; E-mail: stuart.fraser@sydney.edu. au Atta-ur-Rahman & Shazia Anjum (Eds.) All rights reserved-© 2017 Bentham Science Publishers 4 Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Vol. 4 Boumelhem et al. harnessed to direct the differentiation of pluripotent cells in vitro into mesendodermderived cells and tissues which can be used to improve the quality of human life. Finally, we will discuss considerations for combining stem cell differentiation with tissue engineering through 3D bioprinting modalities.