Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A lift formula applied to low-Reynolds-number unsteady flows

A lift formula for a wing in a rectangular control volume is given in a very simple and physically lucid form, providing a rational foundation for calculation of the lift of a flapping wing in highly unsteady and separated flows at low Reynolds numbers. Direct numerical simulations on the stationary and flapping two-dimensional flat plate and rectangular flat-plate wing are conducted to assess the accuracy of the lift formula along with the classical Kutta-Joukowski theorem. In particular, the Lamb vector integral for the vortex force and the acceleration term of fluid for the unsteady inertial effect are evaluated as the main contributions to the unsteady lift generation of a flapping wing.
FCJ-142 Spectacles and Tropes: Speculative Design and Contemporary Food Cultures

Speculative design is a practice of creating imaginative projections of alternate presents and possible futures using design representations and objects. At times critical and at other times whimsical, it is a distinctive, if loose, grouping of projects. Using the term broadly, speculative design covers a range of work across disciplines, fields, and historical and contemporary movements. For example, much of the work of the Futurists and Constructivists in the early Twentieth Century, which blended machines, politics, and everyday life, is suggestive of speculative design as it is practiced today. Collectives such as Archigram and Superstudio in the 1960s and 70s produced now iconic graphic representations of future cities, which stylistically and thematically inspired generations of architects and designers. In the late 1990s Tony Dunne and Fiona Raby coined the term ‘Critical Design’ to label product and interaction design that sought to ‘challenge narrow assumptions, preconceptions and givens about the role products play in everyday life. ’ (2007) More recently, the term ‘Design Fiction’ has been used to characterize the ‘use of diegetic prototypes to suspend disbelief about change. ’ (Sterling, 2012, see also Bleeker, 2009) All of these, I maintain, can broadly be considered as kinds of speculative design because what is common across this work is the use of designerly means to express foresight in compelling, often provocative ways, which are intended to engage audiences in considerations of what might be.
Jaguars on the move: modeling movement to mitigate fragmentation from road expansion in the Mayan Forest

Road‐induced habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to large carnivores. Wildlife passes have been used to reduce fragmentation by mitigating the effects of roads as barriers to animal movement. However, direct observations of animals crossing roads are extremely rare and thus indirect methods are necessary to locate crossings. Yet, current methods fail to incorporate the animals' movement behavior and thus have little predictive power. Based on the principles of resource selection functions and state‐space modeling, we developed a Bayesian movement model applied to radio‐telemetry and GPS data to infer the movement behavior of jaguars Panthera onca as a response to vegetation, roads and human population density in the Mayan Forests of Mexico and Guatemala. We used the results of the model to simulate jaguars moving along a road that bisects the major reserve system in the area. The aim of the simulations was to identify suitable locations for wildlife passes. We found that jaguars move preferentially to undisturbed forests and that females avoid moving close to roads and to areas with even low levels of human occupation. Males also avoid roads, but to a lesser degree, and appear undisturbed by human population density. Simulations reflected these differences: potential crossing sites for females are limited to a strip of a few kilometers, whereas males are able to cross at many different sites. Still, we identified a 1 km strip along the road where the likelihood of crossing for both sexes is highest, ideal for the construction of a wildlife pass. Our study contributes to the ecology of one of the world's least‐studied large carnivores and provides a modeling framework that greatly improves the location of wildlife passes. Moreover, our approach can greatly advance region‐wide conservation plans for the location of corridors and conservation units.
EEG hyperscanning and behavioral synchronization during a joint actions

Brain-to-brain coupling during cooperation is a core question of study on social interactions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neural basis of interbrain cooperation and the cognitive performance underlying the execution of jointactions by using EEG coherence measures. Synchronicity of the cognitive variables (response times, RTs, and error rates, ERs) in response to an attentional task, intersubjective coherence analysis on EEG frequency bands, and correlational measures between cognitive and brain activity were considered during some steps of progressive reinforcing conditions. Fifteen couples of subjects performed an attentional task in eight temporal steps, stressing their good performance at the end of each step. The induced feedback affected both the cognitive performance and brain-to-brain coupling by increasing behavioral and brain synchronization when a positive feedback was furnished to the participants for their performance. Secondly, about the cortical contribution, high coherence effect was mainly observed when a positive reinforce was produced, but only for some low frequency bands within the prefrontal left area, compared to the right one. Thus, also a left lateralization effect was reportable. Finally, the cognitive and EEG coherence measures were shown to be correlated, with a significant similar trend anchored to the progressive feedback.
EMPIRICAL TESTS OF URGENCY THEORY HYPOTHESES 2 . 1 The urgency traits are particularly important personality predictors of substance use

Background—The personality traits of positive and negative urgency refer to the tendencies to act rashly when experiencing unusually positive or negative emotions, respectively. Methods—The authors review recent empirical work testing urgency theory (Cyders and Smith, 2008a) and consider advances in theory related to these traits. Results—Empirical findings indicate that (a) the urgency traits are particularly important predictors of the onset of, and increases in, substance use in both children and young adults; (b) they appear to operate in part by biasing psychosocial learning; (c) pubertal onset is associated with increases in negative urgency, which in turn predict increases in adolescent drinking behavior; (d) variation in negative urgency trait levels are associated with variations in the functioning of an identified brain system; and (e) variations in the serotonin transporter gene, known to influence the relevant brain system, relate to variations in the urgency traits. Conclusion—A recent model (Carver, et al., 2008) proposes the urgency traits to be markers of a tendency to respond reflexively to emotion, whether through impulsive action or ill-advised inaction (the latter leading to depressive symptoms); this model has received empirical support. The authors discuss new directions for research on the urgency traits.
Convergence Analysis of the Frank-Wolfe Algorithm and Its Generalization in Banach Spaces

The Frank-Wolfe algorithm, a very first optimization method and also known as the conditional gradient method, was introduced by Frank and Wolfe in 1956. Due to its simple linear subproblems, the Frank-Wolfe algorithm has recently been received much attention for solving large-scale structured optimization problems arising from many applied areas such as signal processing and machine learning. In this paper we will discuss in detail the convergence analysis of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm in Banach spaces. Two ways of the selections of the stepsizes are discussed: the line minimization search method and the open loop rule. In both cases, we prove the convergence of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm in the case where the objective function $f$ has uniformly continuous (on bounded sets) Fr\'echet derivative $f'$. We introduce the notion of the curvature constant of order $\sigma\in (1,2]$ and obtain the rate $O(\frac{1}{k^{\sigma-1}})$ of convergence of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm. In particular, this rate reduces to $O(\frac{1}{k^{\nu}})$ if $f'$ is $\nu$-H\"older continuous for $\nu\in (0,1]$, and to $O(\frac{1}{k})$ if $f'$ is Lipschitz continuous. A generalized Frank-Wolfe algorithm is also introduced to address the problem of minimizing a composite objective function. Convergence of iterates of both Frank-Wolfe and generalized Frank-Wolfe algorithms are investigated.
Effect of simulated null gravity on the secretion of adrenomedullary hormones and miRNA-375 expression in rats

Objective To investigate the effects of simulated null gravity on the secretion of adrenomedullary hormones and miRNA-375 expression in rats. Method Fifty-six healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 experimental groups (8 each), including suspension for 6h, 12h, 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d and 0h (control). Tail-suspension was used to establish the weightlessness animal model according to Morey-Holton's method. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples were obtained from the postorbitor vein, and the bilateral adrenal glands were harvested. The serum concentrations of catecholamines were determined by radioimmunological analysis. The expression of TH mRNA and miRNA-375 were assessed by quantitative RTPCR. TH protein in adrenal medulla was assayed using Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results (1) The serum concentrations of rat's adrenomedullary hormones fluctuated obviously during the period of tail-suspension simulated weightlessness, with a temporary decline during 6-12h, followed by a sharp increase with a peak value on the 3rd day of suspension. (2) RT-PCR assay showed that TH mRNA expression in adrenal medulla of rats also fluctuated obviously, with a temporary decline at 6h and then elevated with a peak value at 1 day of suspension, followed by a downward trend forming a trough value on 5d of suspension. The immunohistochemistry showed that TH protein was stained as brown particles and the cytoplasm of adrenal medulla was stained deeply on 3d of suspension. (3) RT-PCR assay revealed that the expression of miRNA-375 in adrenal medulla increased temporarily at 6h of suspension, and it decreased significantly during 12h to 3d of suspension compared with that of control group (P<0.05). The miRNA-375 expression was up-regulated again during sustained suspension with a significant increase on 7d of experiment compared with that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The simulated weightlessness could affect the secretion of hormone of adrenal medulla in rats, and it may be related to the regulation of TH through miRNA-375 messenger network. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn. 0577-7402.2015. 04.14
Diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from the Bø River, Southeast Norway

Out of 125 samples we isolated 45 thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from Bø River by filtration followed by growth on selective agar plates. The species were identified by biotyping, multiplex PCR and riboprinting. C. jejuni represented 17 (37.7%), C. coli 2 (4.4%), C. lari 5 (11.1%), C. hyointestinalis 1 (2.2%) and C. species 20 (44.5%). Five of C. jejuni were classified in ribogroups (DUP-PST1-ID) while four C. lari were identified in three. The RiboPrinter® identified C. hyointestinalis. Dendrogram analysis grouped the isolates into two main clades and seven subclades. C. lari and C. coli were grouped in one clade while most C. spp. and the C. hyointestinalis were grouped in the other. C. jejuni were clustered in five subclades and display a high degree of diversity. Because of the frequent isolation of campylobacters in surface water and the lack of knowledge of the pathogenesis of Campylobacter strains and their virulence factors, special hygienic precautions should be taken to avoid the risk of transmitting campylobacteriosis from water.
Consensus Statement AOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement

Robert F. LaPrade,* MD, PhD, Julie Agel, MA, ATC, Joseph Baker, PhD, Joel S. Brenner,||{ MD, MPH, Frank A. Cordasco,** MD, MS, Jean Côté, PhD, Lars Engebretsen, MD, PhD, Brian T. Feeley,{{ MD, Daniel Gould, PhD, Brian Hainline, MD, Timothy E. Hewett, PhD, Neeru Jayanthi, MD, Mininder S. Kocher, MD, MPH, Gregory D. Myer, PhD, FACSM, CSCS*D, Carl W. Nissen, MD, Marc J. Philippon, MD, and Matthew T. Provencher, MD, CDR, MC, USNR
Recognition, Formatting In Image Files By Using Image Processing

The aim of the project ‘OCR’ is to develop OCR software for offline handwriting recognition. OCR is an Optical character recognition and is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten or type written. There are so many techniques available in image processing related to text recognition. Techniques were segmentation, image retrieval, accuracy of blurred images. We can read the text in the picture file. In present system the OCR converts the image file of the text in editable digital format. The main objective of our project is to convert the hard copy of the text image file to editable format with additional features like improved accuracy, multiple language recognition (English, Spanish) detection, auto rectification of errors, and scanning of the particular sized images into the editable image file.
Trauma Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder among Females in Jos, North Central Nigeria

Objective: The study was undertaken to examine the association between PTSD and Sociodemographic factors. It also determined the association between trauma exposure with and without PTSD and Alcohol Use Disorders.Method: The cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from March to July, 2017. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select participants who consented aged 18 years and above after ethical clearance was obtained. The data was collected using Sociodemographic questionnaire, OSLO-3 social support scale, AUDIT and PTSD Modules of MINI.Results: A total of 272 females with an age range of 18 to 60 years responded. The mean age was 28.8 ± 8.6 years. Majority 112(41.2%) were in the age group of 25-34 years. Most of them were never married 168(61.8%), protestant 151(55.5%) and had secondary education 97(35.7%). About half of them were employed 148(54.4%) with 167(61.4%) of them on an average income of 20,000 naira or less. Perceived social support was reported as good by 133(41.5%) and poor by 159(58.5). fifty seven (21.0%) of participants fulfilled the criteria for PTSD. Majority 188(69.9%) reported at least one life time traumatic experience. Sociodemographic variables significantly associated with PTSD are; marital status (χ2=11.671, DF=2, P=0.003), educational level (χ2=11.485, DF=3, P=0.009) and social support (χ2=5.391, DF=1, P=0.020). Of those who reported exposure to traumatic event 131(69.7%) did not develop PTSD but 57(30.3%) developed PTSD. Sixty nine (36.2%) engaged in binge drinking and 68(36.2%) had alcohol use disorders; all were significantly associated with exposure to trauma with or without PTSD.Conclusion: Prevention and intervention efforts should be broadened to include those who are exposed to trauma with and without PTSD seeking treatment in the community and to screen for alcohol use disorders especially among women who were previously married with lower levels of education.
THE EXPERIENCE WITH UNCONVENTIONAL AUTOMATED KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT IN MOODLE ENVIRONMENT

This contribution presents a knowledge assessment approach developed for support of Specification and description languages course. The main goals of this course include the skills in digital systems modelling using HDL (Hardware Description Languages), namely VHDL and SystemC. Similarly to the courses devoted to programming languages, the course assessment in this case should concentrate not only on testing the theoretical knowledge but also the practical skills the students gained. Obviously the previously used written form of exam using pen and paper is not very convenient when evaluating students‘ practical skills. So does the traditional on-line test. The assessment approach presented here enables to create unconventional on-line tests supporting various HDL and programming languages. It was designed as an extension to Moodle Learning Content Management System and was already used to prepare the midterm tests in VHDL, SystemC and Assembly language. The results of these tests were evaluated in comparison to other types of test and also the series of inquires among student concerning the test types were organized to see the problem from other point of view. The results and experience of these evaluations are presented too.
The impact of leader’s expansive body posture and forward leaning behavior on team performance: A Mixed-Method study

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the nonverbal behavior of individuals in leadership positions, expressed during regular staff-meetings, relates to team performance. Hypothesized relationships among key variables were based on psychological and management literature and imply that expansive body posture and body leaning postures demonstrated by a leader during regular meetings with staff facilitate followers ‘cognitive and affective trust in the leader, pro-active behavior and team information sharing within their team members. This study combined follower surveys and video-coded leader nonverbal behavior data, sampled from regularly occurring staff-meetings in a large public-sector organization. The data consisted of 20 coded videos which featured 20 leaders and their followers. The findings revealed a significant correlation between follower’s cognitive and affective trust in leadership and the followers information sharing. This may help future researchers to develop new methods to improve team performance by facilitating trust in the leadership.
Evaluation of Selection Criteria in Winter Chickpea Using Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis

This study was conducted to determine the relationships among seed yield and yield components, and their direct and indirect effects of contributing characters to seed yield in winter chickpea genotypes in 2011 and 2012 under Diyarbakır (GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center) conditions. Five chickpea (Diyar 95, Arda, Yaşa 05, İnci and Aksu) cultivars were used in the study. The study was carried out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The cultivars showed significant differences for all examined plant characteristics excluding number of primary branches and number of seeds pod-1 (p <0.01 and p <0.05). Highly significant and positive (p <0.01) correlations were found between grain yield with plant height, primary branches per plant, number of full pods per plant and seeds per plant, while 100-seed weight was negatively and significantly (p <0.05) correlated with seed yield. Path coefficient analysis results indicated that number of full pods per plant (1.048), plant height (0.352), seeds per plant (0.334) and seed per pod (0.332) were the major yield contributing characters due to their high direct and positive effects on grain yield. It was found that plant height and number of primary branches plant-1 had the highest indirect effect on grain yield via number of pod per plant. As a result, it was determined that plant height, number of pods plant, number of seeds pod and number of seeds plant can be good selection criteria for high grain yield in winter kabuli type chickpea breeding studies.
THE KEY CHALLENGES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF FIRMS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN ANGLOPHONE (SSAA) COUNTRIES

This paper uses empirical evidence to identify views about the important components of good corporate governance practice for listed firms in Sub-Saharan African Anglophone countries. This study used survey questionnaire based on international corporate governance norms, data were collected from listed firms in Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa. The findings include: In Ghanaian and South African firms there are evidence that regulatory framework and enforcement of corporate governance promote sound corporate governance system. This study revealed that commitment of board of directors to disclosure and communication may provide effective corporate practices. Political environment and ownership structure of firms’ hinder sound corporate governance practices. Accounting system operating in each country plays a vital role in promoting sound corporate governance system. However, societal, cultural and corruption seem to deter corporate governance system in Ghanaian and South African firms. We recommend that there should be prudent monitoring of corporate governance rules and enforcement.
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on nodulation of some selected grain legumes at Bauchi, Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.

Nodules were collected at bi weekly intervals from legumes grown in three rainy seasons in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The legumes include cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), groundnut (Arachis hypogea (L.)) and soybean (Glycine max (L.)) treated with nitrogen fertilizer at 0 and 20kgN/ha and phosphorus fertilizer at 0, 13.2, 26.4 and 39.6kgP/ha. The treatments were laid out in a split-split plot design and replicated three times. The legumes were randomly allocated to the main plot, the phosphorus fertilizer levels to the sub plot and the nitrogen level to the sub-sub plot. The results showed that application of nitrogen at 20kgN/ha significantly (P≤0.05) reduced number of nodules at 2week after sowing (WAS) only. On the other hand, application of phosphorus at 26.4kgP/ha significantly (P≤0.05) produced higher number of nodules throughout the study period than the other levels used. Amongst the legumes, groundnut consistently and significantly (P≤0.05) gave higher number of nodules than cowpea and soybean. The cropping season of 2005 significantly (P≤0.05) produced higher number of nodules than 2004 and 2006 rainy seasons.
CONTEXTUAL AND PERSONAL REASONS FOR UNETHICAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

In a morally corrupt world, education remains the sole rescue anchor to guide the new generation towards a rehabilitation of moral values. The finding is based on the fact that all those studies which have followed moral reasoning have highlighted the importance of moral reasoning in daily life but also in the professional career, the certainty that moral reasoning is deeply connected to the academic preparation level and the importance of teachers as role models able to inspire values and moral principles. The papers‟ focuses want to identify students‟ unethical behaviours during the academic years and the differences between different types of faculties.
Optimal Monetary Policy in the Presence of Human Capital Depreciation During Unemployment

When workers are exposed to human capital depreciation during periods of unemployment, hiring affects the unemployment pool’s composition in terms of skills, and hence the economy’s production potential. Introducing human capital depreciation during unemployment into an otherwise standard New Keynesian model with search frictions in the labour market leads to the finding that the flexibleprice allocation is no longer constrained-efficient even when the standard Hosios (1990) condition holds. This is because it generates a composition externality in job creation: firms ignore how their hiring decisions affect the extent to which the unemployed workers’ skills erode, and hence the output that can be produced by new matches. Consequently, it might be desirable from a social point of view for monetary policy to deviate from strict inflation targeting. Although optimal price inflation is no longer zero, strict inflation targeting is shown to stay close to the optimal policy.