Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advancing Healthcare Reform: The American Heart Association’s 2020 Statement of Principles for Adequate, Accessible, and Affordable Health Care: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

The mission of the American Heart Association is to be a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives. The American Heart Association has consistently prioritized the needs and perspective of the patient in taking positions on healthcare reform while recognizing the importance of biomedical research, providers, and healthcare delivery systems in advancing the care of patients and the prevention of disease. The American Heart Association’s vision for healthcare reform describes the foundational changes needed for the health system to serve the best interests of patients and to achieve health care and coverage that are adequate, accessible, and affordable for everyone living in the United States. The American Heart Association is committed to advancing the dialogue around healthcare reform and has prepared this updated statement of our principles, placed in the context of the advances in coverage and care that have occurred after the passage of the Affordable Care Act, the rapidly changing landscape of healthcare delivery systems, and our evolving recognition that efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease can have synergistic benefit in preventing other diseases and improving overall well-being. These updated principles focus on expanding access to affordable health care and coverage; enhancing the availability of evidence-based preventive services; eliminating disparities that limit the availability and equitable delivery of health care; strengthening the public health infrastructure to respond to social determinants of health; prioritizing and accelerating investments in biomedical research; and growing a diverse, culturally competent health and healthcare workforce prepared to meet the challenges of delivering high-value health care.
Socioeconomic Status and Sleep among Couples

ABSTRACT Objective/Background: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is generally associated with poor sleep but little is known about how different SES indices are associated with sleep duration and quality, or about these relations longitudinally or in cohabiting couples. The main objective was to examine longitudinal associations between multiple SES and sleep parameters in cohabiting adults. Participants: Participants were cohabiting couples (N = 135) of women (M age = 37.2 years, SD = 5.93; 76% White/European American, 18% Black/African American) and men (M = 39.9 years, SD = 7.33; 78% White, 18% Black). Methods: Men and women participated twice with a 1-year lag. At Time (T1), participants reported on multiple SES indices including their income, perceived economic well-being, education, employment status, and occupation. Sleep at T1 and T2 was assessed with self-reports and actigraphs (sleep duration from onset to wake time, %sleep from onset to wake, long wake episodes). Results: Actor effects on actigraphy-assessed sleep parameters were evident for both men and women; low SES was associated with shorter duration and poor quality (%sleep, long wake episodes) sleep. These associations were most pronounced for income-to-needs ratio (men and women) and perceived economic well-being (women only). Partner effects were also evident such that men’s employment status was associated with women’s longer sleep duration and greater sleep quality (%sleep) whereas women’s employment predicted increased subjective sleep problems for men. Conclusion: Findings illustrate the need to consider multiple SES and sleep indices, as well as the family context in studies addressing linkages between SES and sleep.
Sports nutrition for the recreational athlete.

BACKGROUND Recreational sports participation provides many potential health benefits. However, some athletes experience medical problems associated with, or exacerbated by, a mismanagement of the relationship between their diet and sporting endeavours. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to highlight recent developments in clinical sports nutrition, with a focus on providing evidence-based advice and resources for the management of common medical presentations. DISCUSSION A low dietary energy intake relative to exercise energy demands (ie low energy availability) may result in an array of medical issues. An evidence-based framework for advice on sports supplements is available.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Nurses are considered the group of healthcare workers with the highest prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMDs). The most common physical demands of nursing that have been found to contribute to WRMDs include lifting, working in awkward postures, stooping, and repetitive actions. Occupational therapists (OT) have a significant role in preventing WRMDs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore that magnitude of the WRMDs among nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Exploring the role of OT in increasing awareness and prevention of WRMDs among nurses. METHODS The study was conducted using a cross-sectional questionnaire design. Data was collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Nurses at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, KSA, were the target of this study. RESULTS Ninety-four nurses participated in this study. Most of them (63.8%) indicated that they experienced discomfort during the last 12 months in their lower back, followed by shoulders (50%), and upper back (48.9%). Twenty-four (25.5%) of the participants who indicated experiencing low back discomfort, also indicated that this discomfort reduced their work activity, and this same number indicated that the discomfort reduced their leisure activity. CONCLUSION Nurses are at high risk for WRMDs. Occupational therapists have an important role to play in prevention. Measures should be taken by hospital administrators, the rehabilitation departments, as well as the nurses themselves to manage this global problem. Special measures should be implemented to make sure that they work in ergonomically appropriate environment, and implement proper body mechanics to limit their chances of encountering WRMDs.
Discovery of a New TLR Gene and Gene Expansion Event through Improved Desert Tortoise Genome Assembly with Chromosome-Scale Scaffolds

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a complex family of innate immune genes that are well characterized in mammals and birds but less well understood in nonavian sauropsids (reptiles). The advent of highly contiguous draft genomes of nonmodel organisms enables study of such gene families through analysis of synteny and sequence identity. Here, we analyze TLR genes from the genomes of 22 tetrapod species. Findings reveal a TLR8 gene expansion in crocodilians and turtles (TLR8B), and a second duplication (TLR8C) specifically within turtles, followed by pseudogenization of that gene in the nonfreshwater species (desert tortoise and green sea turtle). Additionally, the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) has a stop codon in TLR8B (TLR8-1) that is polymorphic among conspecifics. Revised orthology further reveals a new TLR homolog, TLR21-like, which is exclusive to lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodilians. These analyses were made possible by a new draft genome assembly of the desert tortoise (gopAga2.0), which used chromatin-based assembly to yield draft chromosomal scaffolds (L50 = 26 scaffolds, N50 = 28.36 Mb, longest scaffold = 107 Mb) and an enhanced de novo genome annotation with 25,469 genes. Our three-step approach to orthology curation and comparative analysis of TLR genes shows what new insights are possible using genome assemblies with chromosome-scale scaffolds that permit integration of synteny conservation data.
Clinical observation of moxibustion air disinfection in preventing influenza

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of moxibustion air disinfection in preventing flu by observering the influence of moxibustion air disinfection on the incidence rate of nosocomial infection.METHODS The wards were divided into A,B and C three groups,respectively.Three different methods of air disinfection,which were respectively the natural ventilation,machine of dynamic air disinfection and moxibustion groups,were carried out to investigate the incidence rate of influenza.RESULTS The incidence rates of C group and B group were 8.47% and 7.69%,respectively(P0.05),but the incidence rate of C group was 0,and group B was 1.92%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). CONCLUSION Air disinfection can effectively reduce the incidence rate of upper respiratory tract infection,and moxibustion air disinfection has a better effect on preventing the influenza and is worthy of being promoted in the society and family.
Oral administration of an anti-CfaE secretory IgA antibody protects against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrheal disease in a non-human primate model

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea-associated illness in developing countries. There is currently no vaccine licensed to prevent ETEC and the development of an efficacious prophylaxis would provide an intervention with significant impact. Recent studies suggested that effective protection could be achieved by inducing immunity to block colonization of ETEC. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of secretory (s) IgA2 and dimeric (d) IgA2 of an anti-colonization factor antigen antibody, 68-61, in the Aotus nancymaae non-human primate (NHP) ETEC challenge model via oral and parental delivery. Thirty-nine animals were distributed across 3 groups of 13, and challenged with 5.0×1011 cfu of H10407 on Day 0. Group 1 received a dIgA2 68-61 subcutaneously on day 0. Group 2 received a SIgA2 68-61 orally on days −1, 0, and +1, and Group 3 received an irrelevant SIgA2 antibody orally on days −1, 0, and +1. All animals were observed for symptoms of diarrhea, and stools were collected for ETEC colony counts. SIgA2 treatment significantly lowered the attack rate, resulting in a protective efficacy of 71.4% (p=0.025) in Group 2 as compared to Group 3. Anti-CfaE dIgA2 treatment group reduced the diarrheal attack rate, although the reduction did not reach significance (57.1%; P=0.072) as compared to the irrelevant SIgA2 Group 3. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of oral administration of SIgA as a potential immunoprophylaxis against enteric infections. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of administrated SIgA in a non-human primate model.
Understanding Information Seeking about the Health of Others: Applying the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking to Proxy Online Health Information Seeking

A significant proportion of online health information seeking is related to the health of others, such as the one of family members and friends, instead of an individual’s own health. Understanding these behaviors of proxy seekers, i.e., individuals who seek information about the health of others, can improve the transmission of health information to and social support for others. The comprehensive model of information seeking (CMIS) is an established model that predicts information seeking for the individual seeker. The model was modified and extended with concepts of social network ties to predict proxy information seeking intentions and the resulting social support intentions. Hypothetical scenarios of persons from the social network suffering from depression were varied in severity of disease and the relationship closeness to test their influence on model variables. Structural equation modeling (N = 607) served to evaluate the associations between the health-related factors and proxy health information seeking intentions, as well as support intentions. The results confirmed the direct effects of beliefs on information-carrier utility. Contrary to expectations, demographics, experience, and salience had direct effects on proxy information seeking intentions. The results indicate that a modified CMIS helps to better meet surrogate seekers’ needs for supporting patients.
Transcriptional regulation of organohalide pollutant utilisation in bacteria.

Organohalides are organic molecules formed biotically and abiotically, both naturally and through industrial production. They are usually toxic and represent a health risk for living organisms, including humans. Bacteria capable of degrading organohalides for growth express dehalogenase genes encoding enzymes that cleave carbon-halogen bonds. Such bacteria are of potential high interest for bioremediation of contaminated sites. Dehalogenase genes are often part of gene clusters that may include regulators, accessory genes and genes for transporters and other enzymes of organohalide degradation pathways. Organohalides and their degradation products affect the activity of regulatory factors, and extensive genome-wide modulation of gene expression helps dehalogenating bacteria to cope with stresses associated with dehalogenation, such as intracellular increase of halides, dehalogenase-dependent acid production, organohalide toxicity, and misrouting and bottlenecks in metabolic fluxes. This review focuses on transcriptional regulation of gene clusters for dehalogenation in bacteria, as studied in laboratory experiments and in situ. The diversity in gene content, organization, and regulation of such gene clusters is highlighted for representative organohalide-degrading bacteria. Selected examples illustrate a key, overlooked role of regulatory processes, often strain-specific, for efficient dehalogenation and productive growth in presence of organohalides.
Effects of Exercise Intervention on Adults With Both Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background The positive effect of exercise on blood pressure has been reported in studies that investigated mostly patients with hypertension but without diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of exercise in adults with both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear, and no systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to clarify this effect. Objective This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis designed to investigate the effects of exercise on adults with both hypertension and T2DM. Methods Studies were selected using electronic databases. Data were extracted using a standardized protocol. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was conducted. Results Of 3207 publications identified, 8 trials were used to estimate the effect size of exercise. Effect sizes (weighted mean difference [WMD]) were heterogeneous, and random-effects models were used. Exercise was effective for systolic blood pressure (WMD, −5.25 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], −8.39 to −2.12), diastolic blood pressure (WMD, −3.16 mm Hg; 95% CI, −4.91 to −1.40), body mass index (WMD, −1.47 kg/m2; 95% CI, −2.39 to −0.55), and waist circumference (WMD, −2.91 cm; 95% CI, −5.68 to −0.15). In subgroup analyses, aerobic exercise seemed to be the most effective intervention for lowering systolic (WMD, −9.43 mm Hg; 95% CI, −13.63 to −5.23) and diastolic (WMD, −5.90 mm Hg; 95% CI, −7.69 to −4.11) blood pressure. Conclusions Exercise seemed effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with subgroup analyses indicating that this effect was most profound with aerobic exercise.
Accuracy of talonavicular injection using ultrasound versus anatomical landmark: a cadaver study

Background Intra-articular injections have diagnostic and therapeutic roles in foot and ankle pathologies due to complex anatomy, small size, diverse bones, and joints with proximity in this region. Conventionally, these injections are carried out using anatomical landmark technique and/or fluoroscopic guidance. The small joint space and needle size make the injection challenging. Fluoroscopy is not readily available in the clinical setting; ultrasound-guidance for injections is therefore increasingly being used. We compared the accuracy of intra-articular talonavicular injections using the anatomical landmark technique versus the ultrasound-guided method. Purpose To determine whether ultrasound guidance yields superior results in intra-articular injections of the talonavicular joint compared to injections using palpatory method guided by anatomical landmarks. Material and Methods The feet of 10 cadaveric specimens were held in neutral position by an assistant while a fellowship-trained foot-ankle orthopedic surgeon injected 2 cc of radiopaque dye using anatomical landmarks and palpation method in five specimens and under ultrasound guidance in the remaining five. The needles were left in situ in all specimens and their placement was confirmed fluoroscopically. Results In all five specimens injected under ultrasound guidance, the needle was found to be in the joint, whereas all five injected by palpation only were out of the joint, with one in the naviculo-cuneiform joint, showing ultrasound guidance to significantly increase the accuracy of intra-articular injections in the talonavicular joint than palpatory method alone. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided injections not only confirm correct needle placement, but also delineate any tendon and/or joint pathology simultaneously.
The landscape of eukaryotic transmembrane beta barrel proteins.

Even though in the last few years several families of eukaryotic β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) have been discovered, their computational characterization and their annotation in public databases is far from complete. The PFAM database includes only very few characteristic profiles for these families and, in most cases, the profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) have been trained using prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins together. Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive computational analysis of eukaryotic transmembrane β-barrels. 12 characteristic pHMMs were built, based on an extensive literature search, that can discriminate eukaryotic β-barrels from other classes of proteins (globular and bacterial β-barrel ones), as well as between mitochondrial and chloroplastic ones. We built eight novel profiles for the chloroplastic β-barrel families that are not present in the PFAM database and, also, updated the profile for the MDM10 family (PF12519) in PFAM and split the porin family (PF01459) into two separate families, namely VDAC and TOM40.
Current and emerging treatments for neonatal sepsis

ABSTRACT Introduction Mortality due to sepsis is still prevalent, peaking at extreme ages of life including infancy. Despite many efforts, the peculiarity of the infant immune system has limited further advances in its treatment. Indeed, neonates experience a dramatic physiological transition from immune tolerance to the maternal antigens to functional maturity. Such a transition is extremely dynamic, as is the pathophysiology of infant sepsis, which is dependent on many infant, maternal, and environmental factors. Areas covered In this review, the authors critically update and summarize the current paradigm of immunomodulation in infant sepsis. They confirm how exogenous stimulation of the immune system through intravenous immunoglobulin, colony stimulating factors, and granulocyte transfusion have failed to impact on the prognosis of infant sepsis. They also strongly support the beneficial effects of supplementation/replacement therapies with products naturally contained within maternal milk as well as antioxidant compounds. Expert opinion Breastfeeding is beneficial against sepsis. Knowledge of the neonatal immune system is indeed too limited to effectively strengthen immune response by exogenous interventions, especially in preterm and low-birth-weight infants. Awareness of this limitation should pave the way for future studies (e.g. gender- and omics-based) aimed at better characterizing the infant immune system and promoting a more tailored approach.
Assessment of Low-Grade Focal Cartilage Lesions in the Knee With Sodium MRI at 7 T

Objectives Several articles have investigated potential of sodium (23Na) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the in vivo evaluation of cartilage health, but so far no study tested its feasibility for the evaluation of focal cartilage lesions of grade 1 or 2 as defined by the International Cartilage Repair Society. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of 23Na-MRI to differentiate between early focal lesions and normal-appearing cartilage, to evaluate within-subject reproducibility of 23Na-MRI, and to monitor longitudinal changes in participants with low-grade, focal chondral lesions. Materials and Methods Thirteen participants (mean age, 50.1 ± 10.9 years; 7 women, 6 men) with low-grade, focal cartilage lesions in the weight-bearing region of femoral cartilage were included in this prospective cohort study. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months using morphological MRI at 3 T and 7 T, compositional 23Na-MRI at 7 T, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. 23Na signal intensities corrected for coil sensitivity and partial volume effect (23Na-cSI) were calculated in the lesion, and in weight-bearing and non–weight-bearing regions of healthy femoral cartilage. Coefficients of variation, repeated measures analysis of covariance models, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate within-subject reproducibility as well as cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in 23Na-cSI values. Results The mean coefficients of variation of 23Na-cSI values between the baseline and 1-week follow-up were 5.1% or less in all cartilage regions. Significantly lower 23Na-cSI values were observed in lesion than in weight-bearing and non–weight-bearing regions at all time points (all P values ≤ 0.002). Although a significant decrease from baseline 23Na-cSI values in lesion was found at 3-month visit (P = 0.015), no substantial change was observed at 6 months. KOOS scores have improved in all subscales at 3 months and 6 months visit, with a significant increase observed only in the quality of life subscale (P = 0.004). Conclusions In vivo 23Na-MRI is a robust and reproducible method that allows to differentiate between low-grade, focal cartilage lesions and normal-appearing articular cartilage, which supports the concept that compositional cartilage changes can be found early, before the development of advanced morphological changes visible at clinical 3-T MRI.
Age similarities in matching pro- and contra-hedonic emotional strategies to everyday scenarios

ABSTRACT Older adults are motivated to maximize positive affect in the present. Young adults will purposely feel negative and high arousal emotions in order to achieve a goal. However, this type of contra-hedonic emotional alignment has not been extensively studied with older adults. We expected older adults are less likely than young adults to select high arousal and negative emotions within specific scenarios where those states could be useful. In two studies, participants selected the emotion they preferred in hypothetical problems that varied on the arousal and valence best suited for goal achievement. Young and older adults were equally likely to endorse affective strategies that matched both pro and contra-hedonic scenarios. While older adults may be generally motivated to avoid negative and high-arousing emotions, they are just as likely as young adults to indicate that these states could be helpful in certain situations.