Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protein unlocking procedures of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues: Application to MALDI‐TOF Imaging MS investigations

Archival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues are a powerful tool for examining the clinical course of diseases. These specimens represent an incredible mine of valuable clinical and biological information for proteomic investigation. MALDI‐TOF imaging MS (MALDI‐IMS) is a protein profiling technique which enables the direct sampling of histological section; however, the quality of molecular data are strongly influenced by the tissue preparation condition. In fact, in previous years most of the studies employing such a technological platform have been conducted using cryo‐preserved tissues. We have developed an in vitro approach using “tissue surrogate” samples in order to explore different protein unlocking procedures which might enable a suitable recovery of polypeptides for MS analysis. The developed protocols have been compared both by MALDI‐TOF MS and nLC‐MSE analysis either on surrogate samples or on FFPE specimen from human breast cancer. The collected evidence has been applied for the preparation of FFPE tissue sections following MALDI‐IMS analysis. Our results outline the possibility to obtain valuable peptide mass spectra profiles form FFPE preparations by applying a combined two steps procedure of heat induced antigen retrieval (HIAR) in presence of EDTA and on target trypsin hydrolysis. A multivariate statistical evaluation is presented and discussed according to molecular spatial distributions and tissue morphology.
Effects of rapid weight reduction and subsequent rehydration upon the physical working capacity of wrestlers.

Abstract The physical working capacity (PWC-170) of eight wrestlers was measured under three conditions: (a) in the normal state, (b) after a 5% weight loss within 48 hours, and (c) after 5 hours of voluntary rehydration. Measurement of the PWC-170 was repeated the following week. A significant reduction in working capacity occurred after dehydration (P < .05). After 5 hours of rehydration the working capacity had returned to the normal level. A learning effect was possible since the PWC-170 in all conditions was substantially higher the second week.
A 10 W On-Chip Switched Capacitor Voltage Regulator With Feedforward Regulation Capability for Granular Microprocessor Power Delivery

Granular power delivery with per-core regulation for microprocessor power delivery has the potential to significantly improve the energy efficiency of future data centers. On-chip switched capacitor converters can enable such granular power delivery with per-core regulation given a high efficiency, high power density, fast response time, and high output power converter design. This paper details the implementation of an on-chip switched capacitor voltage regulator in a 32 nm SOI CMOS technology with deep trench capacitors. A novel feedforward control for reconfigurable switched capacitor converters is presented. The feedforward control reduces the output voltage droop following a transient load step. This leads to a reduced minimum microprocessor supply voltage, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the microprocessor. The implemented on-chip switched capacitor voltage regulator provides a 0.7-1.1 V output voltage from 1.8 V input. It achieves a 85.1% maximum efficiency at 3.2 W/mm2 power density, a subnanosecond response time with improved minimum supply voltage capability, and a maximum output power of 10 W. For an output voltage of 850 mV, the feedforward control reduces the required voltage overhead by 60 mV for a transient load step from 10% to 100% of the nominal load. This can reduce the overall power consumption of the microprocessor by 7%.
Localization of ribophorin II to the endoplasmic reticulum involves both its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains

Summary Proteins that are concentrated in specific compartments of the endomembrane system in order to exert their organelle-specific function must possess specific localization signals that prevent their transport to distal regions of the exocytic pathway. Some resident proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are known to escape with low efficiency from this organelle to a post ER compartment are recognized by a recycling receptor and brought back to their site of residence. Other ER proteins, however, appear to be retained in the ER by mechanisms that operate in the organelle itself. The mammalian oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) is a protein complex that effects the cotranslational N-glycosylation of newly synthesized polypeptides, and is composed of at least four rough ER-specific membrane proteins: ribophorins I and II (RI and RII), OST48, and Dad1. The mechanism(s) by which the subunits of this complex are retained in the ER are not well understood. In an effort to identify the domains within RII responsible for its ER localization we have studied the fate of chimeric proteins in which one or more RII domains were replaced by the corresponding ones of the Tac antigen, the latter being a well characterized plasma membrane protein that lacks intrinsic ER retention signals and serves to provide a neutral framework for the identification of retention signals in other proteins. We found that the luminal domain of RII by itself does not contain retention information, while the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains contain independent ER localization signals. We also show that the retention function of the transmembrane domain is strengthened by the presence of a flanking luminal region consisting of 15 amino acids.
Effects of explosively-generated hydrodynamic shock wave treatments on the microbial flora of beef steaks and ground beef , and Listeria innocua

Effects of explosively-generated hydrodynamic shock wave treatments on the microbial flora of beef steaks and ground beef, and Listeria innocua T.A. Lorca , J.R. Claus , J.D. Eifert , J.E. Marcy a , and S.S. Sumner a a Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA 24060. b Meat Science & Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1805 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706.
Microneedles: quick and easy delivery methods of vaccines

Vaccination is the most efficient method for infectious disease prevention. Parenteral injections such as intramuscular, intradermal, and subcutaneous injections have several advantages in vaccine delivery, but there are many drawbacks. Thus, the development of a new vaccine delivery system has long been required. Recently, microneedles have been attracting attention as new vaccination tools. Microneedle is a highly effective transdermal vaccine delivery method due to its mechanism of action, painlessness, and ease of use. Here, we summarized the characteristics of microneedles and the possibilities as a new vaccine delivery route.
Molecular background of EPM1—Unverricht–Lundborg disease

Unverricht–Lundborg disease (EPM1) is an autosomal recessively inherited neurodegenerative disorder and the most common single cause of progressive myoclonus epilepsy worldwide. Mutations in the gene encoding cystatin B (CSTB), a cysteine protease inhibitor, are responsible for the primary defect underlying EPM1. Here, progress toward understanding the molecular mechanisms in EPM1 is reviewed. We summarize the current knowledge about the CSTB gene and mutations as well as the cellular biology of the CSTB protein with emphasis on data emerging from analysis of EPM1 patients. We shed light on the disease mechanisms of EPM1 based on characterization of the CSTB‐deficient mouse model.
Organization of endogenous opioids in the rostral agranular insular cortex of the rat

The rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) of rats has opioid receptors and has been implicated in the analgesic and reinforcing effects of opiates. To help in understanding the function of endogenous opioids in this structure, we sought to identify and describe the opioid peptides intrinsic to the RAIC by using immunohistochemical methods. Immunolabeling for proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor to beta‐endorphin, and endomorphin 1 and 2 on sectioned rat forebrain revealed limited labeling consisting of individual varicose fibers. Immunolabeling for prodynorphin and enkephalin revealed numerous immunopositive cell bodies and fibers with distribution and morphology unique to each. Prodynorphin‐immunopositive cell bodies consisted of two types: large, lightly labeled, pyramidal‐shaped cell bodies in lamina V and more intensely labeled, small, ovoid cell bodies scattered in other lamina. Axonal fibers immunolabeled for prodynorphin varied in size and were found in all lamina. Immunolabeling for the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was rarely found in dynorphin‐containing cell bodies (6%, 10/167) but was visible within a subpopulation of axons. Enkephalin immunolabeling was detected within a single morphological subpopulation of nonpyramidal neurons located predominantly in lamina II/III, 30% (33/109) of which were also GABA immunopositive. Axons immunolabeled for enkephalin were also abundant in lamina II/III. These results suggest that dynorphin and enkephalin peptides are the predominant endogenous opioids in the RAIC and their distinct distributions suggest divergent functional roles. The localization of prodynorphin immunoreactivity to pyramidal cells suggests the possibility that this neuropeptide may be used in RAIC projection neurons, whereas enkephalin distribution was more characteristic of a role in local networks. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:530–541, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trehalose and anhydrobiosis in tardigrades – evidence for divergence in responses to dehydration

To withstand desiccation, many invertebrates such as rotifers, nematodes and tardigrades enter a state known as anhydrobiosis, which is thought to require accumulation of compatible osmolytes, such as the non‐reducing disaccharide trehalose to protect against dehydration damage. The trehalose levels of eight tardigrade species comprising Heterotardigrada and Eutardigrada were observed in five different states of hydration and dehydration. Although many species accumulate trehalose during dehydration, the data revealed significant differences between the species. Although trehalose accumulation was found in species of the order Parachela (Eutardigrada), it was not possible to detect any trehalose in the species Milnesium tardigradum and no change in the trehalose level has been observed in any species of Heterotardigrada so far investigated. These results expand our current understanding of anhydrobiosis in tardigrades and, for the first time, demonstrate the accumulation of trehalose in developing tardigrade embryos, which have been shown to have a high level of desiccation tolerance.
Beta Cell Regenerating Potential of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Extract in Diabetic Rats.

Objective This study evaluated the ability of 0.8% neem leaf extract (NLE) to treat diabetes mellitus by assessing its effects on blood glucose, insulin levels and islet morphology in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Diabetes was induced in two to three-day old rat pups by STZ intraperitoneally (60 mg/kg), followed by a further 40 mg/kg dose 12-23 weeks later. The diabetic treated (DT) rats received 0.8% w/v NLE in tap water while diabetic control (DC) and normal control (NC) rats received water ad libitum. Body weight, water and chow consumption, and blood glucose were evaluated weekly. Blood and pancreas were collected at the end of the study to evaluate serum insulin and islet histology, respectively. Results Neem leaf extract (0.8%) improved weight gain and beta cell regeneration but did not reduce blood glucose. Serum insulin increased slightly in the treated group and three-fold in the DC group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that NLE has beta cell regenerating potential.
Application of space domain integral equation approach for electromagnetic analysis of microstrip structures

The paper is devoted to determination of the impedance matrix elements for the T-junction microstrip structure. The analytical and numerical-analytical approaches for investigation of the full-wave radiation in such discontinuity are combined. The components of electrical field are determined from the respective Pocklingtonpsilas equation. Application of the Galerkinpsilas procedure allows to receive the respective matrix equation. The elements of received matrix are calculated by the combination of the analytical and numerical integration; the network parameters of structure are calculated by these elements.
Zinc tolerance and hyperaccumulation are genetically independent characters

The hyperaccumulation of metals by a rare class of plants is a fascinating and little understood phenomenon. No genetic analysis has been possible since no intraspecific variation is known for this character. Here, we report on crosses between the zinc–hyperaccumulating and –tolerant species Arabidopsis halleri and the non–hyperaccumulating, non–tolerant species Arabidopsis petraea. The F2 segregates for both characters and it appears that the two characters are genetically independent. The data for tolerance are consistent with a single major gene for this character (although the number of genes for hyperaccumulation cannot be determined) but is probably not very large.
Traffic prediction in wireless mesh networks using process mining algorithms

Prediction of the traffic flow in particular systems will expedite discovering of an optimal path for packet transmitting in dynamic wireless networks. The main goal is to predict traffic overload while changing a network topology. Machine learning techniques and process mining enables prediction of the traffic produced by several moving nodes. Several related approaches are observed. The idea of process mining approach is proposed.
Pricing-Based Multiresource Allocation in OFDMA Cognitive Radio Networks: An Energy Efficiency Perspective

Both the orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) and cognitive radio (CR) technologies offer great flexibility and feasibility for future green wireless communications. In this paper, an energy-efficient multiresource-allocation scheme is proposed for OFDMA CR networks (CRNs) with multiple secondary transmitters (STs). To maximize the energy efficiency (EE) and guarantee the primary transmitter's (PT's) quality-of-service (QoS) requirement, a linear pricing technique is employed to handle both the inter-ST coupling (the spectrum competition among STs) and intra-ST coupling (the correlation between the available transmit power and assigned subchannels for each ST). Furthermore, a distributed algorithm is devised to harvest the multiresource and multiuser gains, and the multiresource allocation is transformed to 1-D pricing-factor profile searching. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy brings higher EE. Additionally, by adjusting the pricing factors, a different performance can be achieved by the STs with different priorities.
Schizophrenic syndromes, cognitive performance and neurological dysfunction

Synopsis In a sample of chronic schizophrenic patients, a group of symptoms which included poverty of speech and lack of spontaneous movement was found to be associated with poor performance in tests of conceptual thinking, object naming and long-term memory, and also with cortical neurological signs. A second group of symptoms which included formal thought disorder and inappropriate affect was associated with poor performance in tests of concentration, immediate recall and word learning, and with cortical neurological signs. The findings suggest that these two syndromes are associated with dysfunction at two different sites within the frontal lobes. A third group of symptoms, comprising various delusions and hallucinations, was associated with poor figure-ground perception, and might reflect temporal lobe dysfunction.
Accuracy of ultrasound for predicting pathologic response during neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer

Early assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer allows therapy to be tailored; however, optimal response assessment methods have not been established. We estimated the accuracy of ultrasound (US) to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) using common response criteria and pCR definitions, and estimated incremental accuracy over known prognostic variables. Participants undergoing US after two cycles in the GeparTrio trial randomised to no change in NAC were eligible. US response by World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria (1D or 2D) and Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) was assessed. Four pCR definitions were applied. Sensitivity (correct prediction of pCR), specificity (correct prediction of no‐pCR) and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were calculated. Areas under the curve (AUCs) were derived from logistic regression including patient variables with and without US. In 832 patients, DORs decreased as pCR definitions became less stringent (p = 0.01). For WHO‐2D, DORs were as follows: 4.07 (ypT0,ypN0), 3.75 (ypT0/is,ypN0), 3.14 (ypT0/is,ypN+/−) and 2.65 (ypT0/is/1a,ypN+/−). DORs did not differ between US criteria (p = 0.60). High sensitivity and lower specificity were found for WHO‐2D and RECIST; WHO‐1D was highly specific with low sensitivity. Sensitivity was highest for WHO‐2D predicting ypT0,ypN0 (sensitivity = 81.7%, specificity = 47.6% vs. 42.3% and 80.4% for WHO‐1D). Adding US to models including patient variables (age, T‐stage, histology and subtype) improved AUCs for predicting pCR by 2–3%. In conclusion, US accuracy is highest for predicting ypT0,ypN0, shown to be most prognostic of long‐term survival. WHO‐2D and RECIST maximise sensitivity; WHO‐1D maximises specificity. US modestly improves the prediction of pCR by patient characteristics.
Monoclonal Antibodies by Somatic Cell Fusion.

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Spinal nociceptin mediates electroacupuncture‐related modulation of visceral sympathoexcitatory reflex response in rats

This study investigated the importance of nociceptin in the visceral reflex modulation during electroacupuncture (EA). Cardiovascular pressor reflex responses were induced by gastric distension (GD) in anesthetized Sprague‐Dawley rats. Intrathecal injection of nociceptin (10 nM) at T2‐3 attenuated the GD‐induced pressor responses by 37 ± 5% similar to the influence of EA at P 5–6 acupoints for 30 minutes (42 ± 7% decrease). Intrathecal injection of the nociceptin antagonist, [N‐Phe1]‐nociceptin (1–13) NH2, partially reversed the EA response by 67%. Pretreatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone did not alter the EA‐like inhibitory effect of nociceptin on the pressor reflex, while a combination of nociceptin receptor antagonist with naloxone completely abolished the EA effect. Intrathecal injection of nociceptin attenuated the pressor responses to electrical stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla by 46% suggesting that nociceptin acts in efferent pathways. Immunoreactivity for nociceptin was observed in neurons in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn, ventral horn and intermediolateral column (IML) of the spinal cord. Furthermore, EA at P 5–6 activated nociceptinergic neurons in the IML and the dorsal horn. These results suggest that nociceptin in the spinal cord mediates the visceral reflex responses, likely through its effect on both afferent and efferent pathways.