Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the safety of statin monotherapy and coadministration with fenofibrate in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia : a meta-analysis

Objective: To compare adverse events of statin monotherapy and combination therapy of statin and fenofibrate. Methods: We searched the online databases of PUBMED and EMBASE for high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Interested outcomes included discontinuation because of any adverse event, any adverse event, serious adverse events, drug-related adverse events, increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 3 times upper limit of normal (ULN), increase in creatine kinase (CK) ≥ 5 times ULN, increase in creatinine ≥ 50% and above ULN. As the incidence of adverse events was dichotomous, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each included trial with a fixed-effects or random-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of the studies. Results: Twelve RCTs covering 5398 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our results revealed that combination therapy was associated with a significantly higher discontinuation because of any adverse event compared with statin monotherapy (P < 0.00001), but there were no significant difference in any adverse event (P = 0.54), serious adverse events (P = 0.55) and drug related adverse events (P = 0.39). Fenofibrate plus statin did not result in a greater risk of muscle-related adverse events than monotherapy (P = 0.79). However, there were more hepatic enzyme elevation-related adverse events (P = 0.0006) and plasma creatinine elevation-related adverse events (P = 0.0002) in coadministration group than monotherapy group. Conclusions: The pooled evidence showed that combination therapy of statin and fenofibrate is associated with a higher incidence of hepatic and renal abnormality compared with statin monotherapy. Fenofibrate should be used carefully in patients with liver and renal impairment, and function of liver and kidney should be monitored closely within the combination therapy.
The effect of the separation of ownership from control on accounting policy decisions

T HE theories of managerial enterprise found in the economics literature are concerned with the behavior of management in large firms, where management has secured for itself a considerable degree of latitude in directing the affairs of the corporation. In their discussion of managerial enterprise, the economists carefully have maintained the distinction between firms which are controlled by their owners and firms which are controlled by managers. Some of these economists have argued that the maintenance of a relatively smooth income stream is in the best interest of the management of the latter group of firms. ' The accounting profession, in granting to management the primary responsibility for financial reports, has provided management one means by which they may generate a relatively smooth income stream. The wide variety of reporting alternatives considered to be acceptable representations of the events of any particular period provides management with a range of possible profit figures for any one period. Michael Schiff [1966] was one of the first accountants to indicate an awareness of the implications that this variety of reporting alternatives had for the behavior of managers in manager firms. After observing the behavior of a firm listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Schiff expressed his belief that:
Sudden death from coronary heart disease. Survival time, frequency of thrombi, and cigarette smoking.

An autopsy study on the number of recent coronary thrombi present in sudden and unexpected fatalities from coronary heart disease again reveals their infrequent occurrence. Also again, it is shown that there is an increase in the frequency of recent coronary thrombi with increasing survival time from the onset of the acute coronary heart attack. This tends to support the concept that recent coronary thrombi, when found in these acute events, do not usually trigger the onset of the attack but develop as a secondary phenomenon during the course of the acute event. Furthermore, cigarette smoking was noted not only to have an exceptionally close statistical correlation with these sudden acute coronary deaths, but also appeared to be associated with a shorter survival time of these acute episodes. The nature of the autopsy population from which these cases were selected dictates caution in generalizing to the population at large.
Investigation of End Leakage Reactance and Its Influence on the Accuracy in Performance Calculation of Large Double Canned Induction Motors

The end leakage reactance of large double canned induction motors is important for the performance calculation by two-dimensional (2-D) numerical analysis, which calculation accuracy directly affects the calculation results of performances. However, there are many special metallic structures in the end region of large double canned induction motors. Due to these structures, the distribution complicacy of end magnetic fields and the calculation difficulty of the end leakage reactance are increased. To solve this problem, a 5-MW double canned induction motor is taken as the research object; 3-D finite element calculation model of its end region is established and solved. The end magnetic field and end leakage reactance are obtained. The influence of these special structures on the end magnetic field and end leakage reactance are analyzed in detail. Performances of large double canned induction motors are calculated by the 2-D numerical analysis with different end leakage reactance coupling. The calculation results of the end leakage reactance are indirectly verified through the stator current and power factor as the accuracy of the end leakage reactance directly affects calculation results of the stator current and power factor.
Dissolution enhancement of poorly water-soluble APIs processed by hot-melt extrusion using hydrophilic polymers

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of hydrophilic polymers to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) processed by hot-melt extrusion (HME). Indomethacin (INM) and famotidine (FMT) were selected as model active substances while polyvinyl caprolactam graft copolymer, soluplus (SOL) and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer grades, Kollidon VA64 (VA64) and Plasdone S630 (S630) were used as hydrophilic polymeric carriers. For the purpose of the study, drug–polymer binary blends at various ratios were processed by a Randcastle single screw extruder. The physicochemical properties and the morphology of the extrudates were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increased drug loadings of up to 40% were achieved in the extruded formulations for both drugs. INM and FMT exhibited strong plasticization effects with increasing concentrations and were found to be molecularly dispersed within the polymer blends. The in vitro dissolution studies showed increased INM/FMT release rates for all formulations compared to that of pure APIs alone.
Thyroid hormone efflux from monolayer cultures of human fibroblasts and hepatocytes. Effect of lipoproteins and other thyroxine transport proteins.

We have previously shown that human skin fibroblasts exposed to preformed low density lipoprotein (LDL)-thyroxine (T4) complexes internalize more T4 than they do when exposed to T4 alone. The system is set to function when the LDL receptor is up-regulated by reducing the intracellular concentration of cholesterol, and the LDL concentration outside the cell is in the range of the kDa of the receptor. High density lipoproteins (HDL), albumin (HSA), transthyretin (TTR), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) interfere with, rather than facilitate, T4 entry. Of the three classes of lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, and HDL), HDL is the major carrier of thyroid hormones. While LDL delivers cholesterol (and T4) to cells, HDL is the scavenger of cholesterol. We thus hypothesized that HDL could also facilitate thyroid hormone exit from cells. This hypothesis was tested on two human cell lines: skin fibroblasts and hepatocytes (Hep G2), using physiological concentrations of HDL or, as control, physiological concentrations of LDL, HSA, TTR, and TBG or buffer. Because cell surface receptors for HDL are regulated by intracellular cholesterol in a manner opposite to that of LDL receptors, we evaluated the effect of HDL (and other proteins) in three states: normal, high, and low intracellular cholesterol content (i.e. normal, high, and low expression of HDL receptors). In both cell lines and with either T4 or T3, we found that: 1) HDL as well as the other proteins tested increased the efflux and augmented both the initial rate of exit and the equilibrium value. 2) The efflux did not saturate over a wide range of protein concentrations. 3) The effect of HDL, LDL, and the other proteins on the fractional efflux rate of thyroid hormones remained the same irrespective of the intracellular cholesterol content (and, therefore, irrespective of the expression of either LDL or HDL receptors). 4) HSA, TTR, and TBG were, on a mass basis, equipotent and more efficient than lipoproteins. However, the effect of lipoproteins--whose Ka for T4 is comparable to that of HSA--was disproportionately high. On a molar basis, LDL (about 80% of the weight being accounted for by lipids) was more effective than HDL2 (about 60% lipids) and HDL2 was more effective than HDL3 (about 40% lipids), suggesting that the disproportionate effect of lipoproteins was due to transfer of the lypophylic thyroid hormones to the lipid moiety of lipoproteins. 5. A mixture of HDL and LDL gave the same efflux rate as a mixture of HSA, TTR, and TBG. The data indicate that the efflux of T4 and T3 from cells is rapid and appears not to be mediated by a particular lipoprotein. The disproportionately large effect of lipoproteins, which are low affinity thyroid hormone carriers, compared with nonlipoprotein carriers, and the greater effect of LDL compared with HDL, might indicate that the lipoproteins establish a nonspecific physical contact with the plasma membrane and that their hydrophobic nature favors the release of the similarly hydrophobic thyroid hormones.
Customer involvement in projects: Adapting the involvement mode to project characteristics

Customer involvement in large scale, innovative and technologically challenging projects is typically intensive, reaching far beyond the classical customer roles of requirements definition and product verification. The involvement may include active participation of customer personnel in project design and in technical and program management decision making, blurring the line between the producer and the customer. Based on a concept of adapting management practices to project properties, the study proposes a contingency model regarding the effects of customer involvement on project success. A triple-stage research was conducted, combining findings from a qualitative multiple case study of aerospace projects in Israeli government-owned defense Industry; and a quantitative web-based survey of 155 projects. The study results augment the existing body of knowledge by a detailed analysis of customer representatives' involvement modes, focusing on the supervision-participation continuum, and the impact on project success, in various types of projects. The study proposes practical managerial guidelines for customers and producers organizations. The results of improving the way customers are involved in projects may be significant.
Service transaction analysis: assessing and improving the customer’s experience

Describes a service design technique that allows managers to systematically analyse the quality of their service processes at a detailed, or transaction level, from a customer’s perspective. Following a review of alternative approaches the author argues for an approach which combines four critical elements; the service concept, the service process, transaction quality assessment, and messages ‐ the customer’s interpretation of the service. Two case studies are used to illustrate the simplicity yet power of the technique. The key benefits of this technique are that it instils a “customer orientation” in managers and staff and encourages managers to “engineer” their service processes by identifying the root causes of transactions which do not accord with the organisation’s intentions.
The Phragmoplast-Orienting Kinesin-12 Class Proteins Translate the Positional Information of the Preprophase Band to Establish the Cortical Division Zone in Arabidopsis thaliana[C][W]

Kinesin-12 class motor proteins at the cortical division site maintain cortical division site identity proteins for efficient guidance of the phragmoplast in late cytokinesis. The preprophase band (PPB) is a faithful but transient predictor of the division plane in somatic cell divisions. Throughout mitosis the PPBs positional information is preserved by factors that continuously mark the division plane at the cell cortex, the cortical division zone, by their distinct spatio-temporal localization patterns. However, the mechanism maintaining these identity factors at the plasma membrane after PPB disassembly remains obscure. The pair of kinesin-12 class proteins PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 (POK1) and POK2 are key players in division plane maintenance. Here, we show that POK1 is continuously present at the cell cortex, providing a spatial reference for the site formerly occupied by the PPB. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis combined with microtubule destabilization revealed dynamic microtubule-dependent recruitment of POK1 to the PPB during prophase, while POK1 retention at the cortical division zone in the absence of cortical microtubules appeared static. POK function is strictly required to maintain the division plane identity factor TANGLED (TAN) after PPB disassembly, although POK1 and TAN recruitment to the PPB occur independently during prophase. Together, our data suggest that POKs represent fundamental early anchoring components of the cortical division zone, translating and preserving the positional information of the PPB by maintaining downstream identity markers.
Milk Collected at Night Induces Sedative and Anxiolytic-Like Effects and Augments Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behavior in Mice.

Milk has long been known and used to promote sleep. The sleep-promoting effect of milk has been attributed to its psychological associations (i.e., the memory of a mother giving milk at bedtime) and its rich store of sleep-promoting constituents (e.g., tryptophan). Studies have shown that milk harvested at night (Night milk) contains exceptionally high amounts of tryptophan and melatonin. In the present study, we evaluated the psychopharmacological properties of Night milk, particularly its probable sleep-promoting/enhancing, and anxiolytic effects. Night milk was orally administered to ICR mice at various concentrations (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg). An hour after administration, assessment of its sedative (open-field and rotarod tests) and sedative sleep-potentiating effects (pentobarbital-induced sleeping test) was conducted. For comparison, the effects of Day milk (daytime milking) were also assessed. In addition, the effects of Night milk on anxiety behavior (elevated plus maze [EPM] test) and electroencephalographic (EEG) waves were evaluated. Night milk-treated animals exhibited decreased spontaneous locomotion (open-field test) and impaired motor balance and coordination (rotarod test). Furthermore, Night milk shortened the sleep onset and prolonged the sleep duration induced by pentobarbital sodium. These effects were comparable to that of diazepam. In addition, Night milk significantly increased the percentage of time spent and entries into the open arms of the EPM, indicating that it also has anxiolytic effects. No significant changes in EEG waves were observed. Altogether, these findings suggest that Night milk is a promising natural aid for sleep- and anxiety-related disturbances.
E‐learning in small organisations

This paper focuses on the existing and potential role of electronic learning in small and medium‐sized organisations (SMEs). Innovations in information and communication technologies (ICTs) could create new forms of learning, particularly appealing to small organisations, to overcome traditional barriers such as lack of financial resources, time, expertise and facilities. The paper draws upon research, conducted in North Wales, exploring employee perceptions of and employer attitudes towards e‐learning. Small organisations in rural, peripheral regions such as North Wales can benefit from ICTs, not only to support e‐commerce, but also to access new opportunities for learning and development, beyond the often‐restricted local market. However, key findings from this research suggest that there are significant barriers to electronic learning, including the lack of hardware and software, and employer attitudes. A model is presented that identifies dimensions of, and factors influencing, e‐learning from employer and employee perspectives.
Seroepidemiology of bluetongue disease and risk factors in small ruminants of Shiraz suburb, Fars province, Iran.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a member of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae which is transmitted by insects and could cause considerable damages in sheep and goat flocks, such as mortality, decreased production and fertility, medical costs and commercial limits for flocks and their biologic production. As no study has been conducted on small ruminants about this disease in Fars province of Iran, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of the disease and some risk factors that might be related to it. A total of 200 serum samples were collected from 13 flocks including nomadic animals (70%) and resident flocks (30%) using a cluster random sampling method with an equal proportion of sheep and goats during the last three months of 2010. Some risk factors such as age, breed and abortion, exposure to other flocks, density and female replacement origin were reported in a question sheet. Totally, 73.5% of the samples were positive for presence of BTV antibody.The results showed that age and contact with other herds are influential risk factors on seroprevalence of the disease.
Noncompetitive Expansion of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Specific for Different Antigens during Bacterial Infection

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterium that elicits complex cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in infected mice. The responses of CTL populations that differ in antigen specificity range in magnitude from large, dominant responses to small, subdominant responses. To test the hypothesis that dominant T-cell responses inhibit subdominant responses, we eliminated the two dominant epitopes of L. monocytogenes by anchor residue mutagenesis and measured the T-cell responses to the remaining subdominant epitopes. Surprisingly, the loss of dominant T-cell responses did not enhance subdominant responses. While mice immunized with bacteria lacking dominant epitopes developed L. monocytogenes-specific immunity, their ability to respond to dominant epitopes upon rechallenge with wild-type bacteria was markedly diminished. Recall responses in mice immunized with wild-type or epitope-deficient L. monocytogenes showed that antigen presentation during recall infection is sufficient for activating memory cells yet insufficient for optimal priming of naive T lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that T-cell priming to different epitopes during L. monocytogenes infection is not competitive. Rather, T-cell populations specific for different antigens but the same pathogen expand independently.
New Service Development for Scheduled Freight Services

This study reviews insights from the extensive body of research on how firms develop new services and presents empirical data on new service development (NSD) in scheduled freight transport, and a research agenda for advancing the understanding of NSD in scheduled freight transport. The development of new services is required to achieve transport policy ambitions of regional, national and supra- national policy makers. These aim to increase the use of maritime and intermodal transport, to reduce road congestion and the environmental impact of freight transport. In spite of policy initiatives as well as investments of companies active in intermodal transport, empirical evidence suggests that the creation of new intermodal freight services is problematic and often unsuccessful. An evaluation of European Union (EU) funded initiatives to develop or improve intermodal services by the European Court of Auditors reveals that beneficiaries of subsidies (generally intermodal operators) often decide either not to implement approved projects, to stop them or reduce the scope of the services. Some study cases also show that service developers are reluctant to take the risks associated with NSD. This shows the industry relevance of an improved understanding of NSD in intermodal transport. In addition, NSD is a potential source of competitive advantage for transport operators. Notwithstanding this relevance, empirical studies of NSD in the freight transport sector are lacking. This paper presents insights from a newly developed database with NSD initiatives. Furthermore, based on a literature review, and an analysis of data on new services, the authors develop a research agenda for NSD in scheduled freight transport.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Hand and Wrist Trauma

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important tools for assessing outcomes following injuries to the hand and wrist. Many commonly used PROMs have no evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in a hand and wrist trauma population. This systematic review examines the PROMs used in the assessment of hand and wrist trauma patients, and the evidence for reliability, validity, and responsiveness of each measure in this population. Methods: A systematic review of Pubmed, Medline, and CINAHL searching for randomized controlled trials of patients with traumatic injuries to the hand and wrist was carried out to identify the PROMs. For each identified PROM, evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness was identified using a further systematic review of the Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, and reverse citation trail audit procedure. Results: The PROM used most often was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire; the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), Gartland and Werley score, Michigan Hand Outcomes score, Mayo Wrist Score, and Short Form 36 were also commonly used. Only the DASH and PRWE have evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients with traumatic injuries to the hand and wrist; other measures either have incomplete evidence or evidence gathered in a nontraumatic population. Conclusions: The DASH and PRWE both have evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in a hand and wrist trauma population. Other PROMs used to assess hand and wrist trauma patients do not. This should be considered when selecting a PROM for patients with traumatic hand and wrist pathology.