Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principales alteraciones bucodentales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 126 patients with diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 assisted in the Center for Care to the Diabetic Patient was carried out from January to March, 2016, aimed at determining the oral and dental changes present in them. The female sex, diabetics type 2, the lost teeth, inadequate oral hygiene, advanced periodontopathy, as well as the xerostomy as the most common oral change and hypertension as associated disease prevailed in the series. It is recommended to carry out educational strategies to increase the health knowledge of the population, in order to avoid future complications and to motivate the realization of new scientific investigations that allow the improvement of the oral and general health.
Differentiation of Breast Lesions and Distinguishing Their Histological Subtypes Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and ADC Values

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has not been well explored in differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions. The aims of this study were to examine the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiation of malignant from benign tumors and distinguishing histological subtypes of malignant lesions, and to determine correlations between ADC values and breast tumors structure. This cohort-study included 174 female patients who underwent contrast-enhanced breast MR examination on a 3T scanner and were divided into two groups: patient group (114 patients with proven tumors) and control group (60 healthy patients). One-hundred-thirty-nine lesions (67 malignant and 72 benign) were detected and pathohistologically analyzed. Differences between variables were tested using chi-square test; correlations were determined using Pearson's correlation test. For determination of cut off values for diagnostic potential, Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were constructed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Mean ADC values were significantly lower in malignant compared to benign lesions (0.68 × 10−3mm2/s vs. 1.12 × 10−3mm2/s, p < 0.001). The cut off value of ADC for benign lesions was 0.792 × 10−3mm2/s (sensitivity 98.6%, specificity 65.7%), and for malignant 0.993 × 10−3mm2/s (98.5, 80.6%). There were no significant correlations between malignant lesion subtypes and ADC values. DWI is a clinically useful tool for differentiation of malignant from benign lesions based on mean ADC values. The cut off value for benign lesions was higher than reported recently, due to high amount of fibrosis in included benign lesions. Finally, ADC values might have implications in determination of the biological nature of the malignant lesions.
Exploring the usage of thermal imaging for understanding video lecture designs and students' experiences

Video is becoming a dominant medium for the delivery of educational material. Despite the widespread use of video for learning, there is still a lack of understanding about how best to help people learn in this medium. This study demonstrates the use of thermal camera as compared to traditional self-reported methods for assessing learners' cognitive load while watching video lectures of different styles. We evaluated our approach in a study with 78 university students viewing two variants of short video lectures on two different topics. To incorporate subjective measures, the students reported on mental effort, interest, prior knowledge, confidence, and challenge. Moreover, through a physical slider device, the students could continuously report on their perceived level of difficulty. Lastly, we used thermal sensor as an additional indicator of students' level of difficulty and associated cognitive load. This was achieved through, continuous real-time monitoring of students by using a thermal imaging camera. This study aims to address the following: firstly, to analyze if video styles differ in terms of the associated cognitive load. Secondly, to assess the effects of cognitive load on learning outcomes; could an increase in the cognitive load be associated with poorer learning outcomes? Third, to see if there is a match between students' perceived difficulty levels and a biological indicator. The results suggest that thermal imaging could be an effective tool to assess learners' cognitive load, and an increased cognitive load could lead to poorer performance. Moreover, in terms of the lecture styles, the animated video lectures appear to be a better tool than the text-only lectures (in the content areas tested here). The results of this study may guide future works on effective video designs, especially those that consider the cognitive load.
Lens-free holographic microscopy for complete blood analysis on a chip

Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a routine blood test program that is often prescribed by physicians. It analyzes the values of various blood cells and can be used for detection of related diseases and infections. Flow cytometry has been one of the widely used technique to count, characterize and classify blood cells in the previous studies. However, the technique suffers from time-consuming procedure for analyzing the target cell and the bulky design of the detection platform. Hence, we propose a high-throughput lensless holographic microscopy for rapid blood analysis and imaging in large field-of-view (FOV) of 30 mm2. The holographic technique can simultaneously record the amplitude and phase of the diffraction pattern, which are different due to cell sizes and materials for further cell counting. Then the original cell images are digitally reconstructed by scalar diffraction theory and inverse Fourier transform to identify red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The lens-free holographic platform has compact size that makes it easy-to-handle. The lens-free design is able to analyze the blood samples on a chip by using the spatial coherence light (LED) emanating from a pinhole, and imaging on the CMOS sensor with a spatial resolution of 1.67 μm. The application of a CBC can diagnose anemia, infections, and other disorders. We believe that the lensless on-chip holographic platform will be a cost-effective tool for point-of-care cytometry.
LA-DECK: a card-based learning analytics co-design tool

Human-centred software design gives all stakeholders an active voice in the design of the systems that they are expected to use. However, this is not yet commonplace in Learning Analytics (LA). Co-design techniques from other domains therefore have much to offer to LA, in principle, but there are few detailed accounts of exactly how such sessions unfold. This paper presents the rationale driving a card-based co-design tool specifically tuned for LA, called LA-DECK. In the context of a pilot study with students, educators, LA researchers and developers, we provide qualitative and quantitative accounts of how participants used the cards. Using three different forms of analysis (transcript-centric design vignettes, card-graphs and time-on-topic), we characterise in what ways the sessions were "participatory" in nature, and argue that the cards succeeded in playing very similar roles to those documented in the literature on successful card-based design tools.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of Mn-doped CsPbCl3 with orange light emission

Cesium based wide band gap inorganic perovskites evolve as a promising material for novel applications in optoelectronic devices due to high stability and band gap tunability. In this work, we have synthesized the inorganic CsPbCl3 nanoparticles (NPs) as well as Mn-doped CsPbCl3 NPs. Effect of Mn as dopant on the structural properties of CsPbCl3 has been investigated by performing the X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD results clearly indicate lattice contraction due to the incorporation of Mn as a dopant. Photoluminescence (PL) plot of Mn-doped CsPbCl3 shows the emission of dual colour which is attributed to d to d band transition of Mn2+. Blue and Orange colour emission has been seen for CsPbCl3 and Mndoped CsPbCl3 NPs respectively. A theoretical study has been also performed within the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) to validate our experimental results. DFT calculated (experimentally calculated) lattice parameters for the optimized crystal structure of CsPbCl3 and Mn-doped CsPbCl3 are 5.608 Å (5.621 Å) and 5.563 Å (5.574 Å) respectively. These results also show a reduction in lattice parameters due to the introduction of Mn as a dopant in CsPbCl3 which are in good agreement with our XRD results. Electronic band structure calculation for Mn-doped CsPbCl3 shows the presence of additional energy levels around 2.06 eV in the band gap. Additionally, Blue shift phenomena have been found in the absorption coefficient plot due to the incorporation of Mn. This communication envisages the potential of these NPs in various optoelectronic devices including orange LEDs (Light-emitting diodes).
The Role of Clock Genes in Fibrinolysis Regulation: Circadian Disturbance and Its Effect on Fibrinolytic Activity

The fibrinolytic system is critical during the onset of fibrinolysis, a fundamental mechanism for fibrin degradation. Both tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) trigger fibrinolysis, leading to proteolytic activation of plasminogen to plasmin and subsequently fibrin proteolysis. This system is regulated by several inhibitors; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the most studied, binds to and inactivates both tPA and uPA. Through the action of plasmin, this system regulates several physiological processes: embryogenesis, activation of inflammatory cells, cell proliferation and death, synaptic plasticity, wound healing, and others. The deregulated intervention of fibrinolysis in the pathophysiology of various diseases has been widely studied; findings of altered functioning have been reported in different chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD), reinforcing its pleiotropic character and the importance of its physiology and regulation. The evidence indicates that fundamental elements of the fibrinolytic system, such as tPA and PAI-1, show a circadian rhythm in their plasmatic levels and their gene expression are regulated by circadian system elements, known as clock genes – Bmal, Clock, Cry-, and accessory clock genes such as Rev-Erb and Ror. The disturbance in the molecular machinery of the clock by exposure to light during the night alters the natural light/dark cycle and causes disruption of the circadian rhythm. Such exposure affects the synchronization and functioning of peripheral clocks responsible for the expression of the components of the fibrinolytic system. So, this circadian disturbance could be critical in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases where this system has been found to be deregulated.
Depth measurement using engineering point spread function with coded aperture

Depth extraction and recovery from the recorded image have been studied and applied in many fields such as biology, robotics, and computer vision. In some researches, the aperture in the imaging system is coded as a particular function in order to distinguish relative distances from the focal plane or recognize sampled points from the recorded image and the image captured through this coded aperture is useful to retrieve blurred images or acquire depth maps. These studies are associated with the shape of point spread function (PSF). In some approaches, diffraction-based engineered PSFs such as double-helix and cubic phase are applied to extract the depth information. In this paper, we propose a depth measurement method based on the optical analysis of the pupil function. It is well known that the PSF is represented as a Fourier transform of the product of pupil function and spherical phase in a coherent imaging system. Also, it is possible to estimate the intensity of the PSF corresponding to the distance of the object in an incoherent imaging system. Then the depth information is extracted from a snapshot image by inverse transform of the image.
Real time imaging of the detection volume of a confocal microscope

Deconvolution, pixel reassignment or adaptive optics-based strategies utilize information about the detection profile in improving the resolution of optical microscopy. Here, we show a novel method which allows us to obtain the single-photon detection volume of a laser scanning confocal microscope at any desired location of the object. It can create a stationary, virtual ‘guide star’ at the chosen location while the excitation beam is scanning the sample, by using an optical fiber placed in the non-descanned path of the microscope. Our experimental results are verified by diffraction theory-based calculations. The major advantages of our method are that it is alignment free, affordable, sensitive and applicable to many different modes of confocal imaging.
The effects of acute hypoxia on heart rate variability parameters

We investigated the effects of acute hypoxia on heart rate variability (HRV) parameters during supine rest and moderate-intensity exercise. 27 male (age= 28±11 yr, height= 177±6 cm, mass= 79±9 kg) and 4 female (age= 25±7 yr, height= 169±7 cm, mass= 60±5kg) participants were recruited. Participants rested for 30 minutes in a supine position, after which 5 minutes of isometric squat-stands (0.05 Hz) were performed. This was performed under both normoxic and hypoxic (14.8% oxygen; ~2750m) conditions. Within subject comparisons were made between the last 5 minutes of each supine portion, and between the squat-stand maneuvers at normoxia vs. hypoxia. Depending on normality distribution, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test or a paired sample t-test was used with alpha set at p<0.05. Significant differences in %LF (48±18 vs 56±16), %HF (44±19 vs 35±18), LF/HF ratio (1.8±2 vs 2.3±1), NN50 beats (104±61 vs 82±70), pNN50 (36±22 vs 27±24), SD1 (50±31 vs 42±30), SD2 (101±55 vs 90±46), SD2/SD1 ratio (2.4±1 vs 2.7±1), and % determinism (97±2 vs 98±1) were seen between normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Significant differences in NN50 (92±26 vs 81±30), pNN50 (21±6 vs 17±7), SD2 (188±60 vs 177±56) and sample entropy (0.3±0.2 vs 0.2±0.1) were also seen during squat-stands between normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. These results suggest changes in physiology and HRV parameters during exposure to acute hypoxia. This research has implications for autonomic function and its influence on cardiac control at altitude.
Holographic micro-mirror arrays as projection screens for transparent display applications

In the context of highly automated and autonomous driving growing market interest arises with respect to technologies enabling new use cases relying on the front, side and back windows of the car to serve as projection screens for display systems. Holographic diffusers represent a promising approach for the realization of transparent projection screens. We pursue the development of holographic diffusers composed of individual holographic micro-mirrors based on recording in our holographic wave front printer. This recording method allows for the realization of large-area holographic structures with non-conventional diffraction characteristics. We recorded a Holographic Convex Micro-Mirror Array (HCMMA) for red and green target wavelengths via spatial frequency multiplexing. We report on the fundamental properties of HCMMAs and depict the relevant recording procedure. We demonstrate the fitness of the HCMMA to serve as a transparent diffuser screen in conjunction with a LED projector and discuss potential for further improvement of our structures.
Supporting actionable intelligence: reframing the analysis of observed study strategies

Models and processes developed in learning analytics research are increasing in sophistication and predictive power. However, the ability to translate analytic findings to practice remains problematic. This study aims to address this issue by establishing a model of learner behaviour that is both predictive of student course performance, and easily interpreted by instructors. To achieve this aim, we analysed fine grained trace data (from 3 offerings of an undergraduate online course, N=1068) to establish a comprehensive set of behaviour indicators aligned with the course design. The identified behaviour patterns, which we refer to as observed study strategies, proved to be associated with the student course performance. By examining the observed strategies of high and low performers throughout the course, we identified prototypical pathways associated with course success and failure. The proposed model and approach offers valuable insights for the provision of process-oriented feedback early in the course, and thus can aid learners in developing their capacity to succeed online.
FridgeLock: Preventing Data Theft on Suspended Linux with Usable Memory Encryption

To secure mobile devices, such as laptops and smartphones, against unauthorized physical data access, employing Full Disk Encryption (FDE) is a popular defense. This technique is effective if the device is always shut down when unattended. However, devices are often suspended instead of switched off. This leaves confidential data such as the FDE key, passphrases and user data in RAM which may be read out using cold boot, JTAG or DMA attacks. These attacks can be mitigated by encrypting the main memory during suspend. While this approach seems promising, it is not implemented on Windows or Linux. We present FridgeLock to add memory encryption on suspend to Linux. Our implementation as a Linux Kernel Module (LKM) does not require an admin to recompile the kernel. Using Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS) allows for easy and fast deployment on existing Linux systems, where the distribution provides a prepackaged kernel and kernel updates. We tested our module on a range of 4.19 to 5.3 kernels and experienced a low performance impact, sustaining the system's usability. We hope that our tool leads to a more detailed evaluation of memory encryption in real world usage scenarios.
Modelling collaborative problem-solving competence with transparent learning analytics: is video data enough?

In this study, we describe the results of our research to model collaborative problem-solving (CPS) competence based on analytics generated from video data. We have collected ~500 mins video data from 15 groups of 3 students working to solve design problems collaboratively. Initially, with the help of OpenPose, we automatically generated frequency metrics such as the number of the face-in-the-screen; and distance metrics such as the distance between bodies. Based on these metrics, we built decision trees to predict students' listening, watching, making, and speaking behaviours as well as predicting the students' CPS competence. Our results provide useful decision rules mined from analytics of video data which can be used to inform teacher dashboards. Although, the accuracy and recall values of the models built are inferior to previous machine learning work that utilizes multimodal data, the transparent nature of the decision trees provides opportunities for explainable analytics for teachers and learners. This can lead to more agency of teachers and learners, therefore can lead to easier adoption. We conclude the paper with a discussion on the value and limitations of our approach.
How patterns of students dashboard use are related to their achievement and self-regulatory engagement

The aim of student-facing dashboards is to support learning by providing students with actionable information and promoting self-regulated learning. We created a new dashboard design aligned with SRL theory, called MyLA, to better understand how students use a learning analytics tool. We conducted sequence analysis on students' interactions with three different visualizations in the dashboard, implemented in a LMS, for a large number of students (860) in ten courses representing different disciplines. To evaluate different students' experiences with the dashboard, we computed chi-squared tests of independence on dashboard users (52%) to find frequent patterns that discriminate students by their differences in academic achievement and self-regulated learning behaviors. The results revealed discriminating patterns in dashboard use among different levels of academic achievement and self-regulated learning, particularly for low achieving students and high self-regulated learners. Our findings highlight the importance of differences in students' experience with a student-facing dashboard, and emphasize that one size does not fit all in the design of learning analytics tools.
Image-based cell sorting using artificial intelligence

Identification of different cell types is an indispensable part in biomedical research and clinical application. During the last decades, much attention was put onto molecular characterization and many cell types can now be identified and sorted based on established markers. The required staining process is a lengthy and costly treatment, which can cause alterations of cellular properties, contaminate the sample and therefore limit its subsequent use. A promising alternative to molecular markers is the label-free identification of cells using mechanical or morphological features. We introduce a microfluidic device for active label-free sorting of cells based on their bright field image supported by innovative real-time image processing and deep neural networks (DNNs). A microfluidic chip features a standing surface acoustic wave generator for actively pushing up to 100 cells/sec to a determined outlet for collection. This novel method is successfully applied for enrichment of lymphocytes, granulo-monocytes and red blood cells from human blood. Furthermore, we combined the setup with lasers and a fluorescence detection unit, allowing to assign a fluorescence signal to each captured bright-field image. Leveraging this tool and common molecular staining, we created a labelled dataset containing thousands of images of different blood cells. We used this dataset to train a DNN with optimized latency below 1 ms and used it to sort unstained neutrophils from human blood, resulting in a target concentration of 90%. The innovative approach to use deep learning for image-based sorting opens up a wide field of potential applications, for example label-free enrichment of stem-cells for transplantation.