Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verbs and Times

T HE fact that verbs have tenses indicates that considerations involving the concept of time are relevant to their use. These considerations are not limited merely to the obvious discrimination between past, present, and future; there is another, a more subtle dependence on that concept: the use of a verb may also suggest the particular way in which that verb presupposes and involves the notion of time. In a number of recent publications some attention has been paid to these finer aspects, perhaps for the first time systematically. Distinctions have been made among verbs suggesting processes, states, dispositions, occurrences, tasks, achievements, and so on. Obviously these differences cannot be explained in terms of time alone: other factors, like the presence or absence of an object, conditions, intended states of affairs, also enter the picture. Nevertheless one feels that the time element remains crucial; at least it is important enough to warrant separate treatment. Indeed, as I intend to show, if we focus our attention primarily upon the time schemata presupposed by various verbs," we are able to throw light on some of the obscurities which still remain in these matters. These time schemata will appear as important constituents of the concepts that prompt us to use those terms the way we consistently do. There are a few such schemata of very wide application. Once they have been discovered in some typical examples, they may be used as models of comparison in exploring and clarifying the behavior of any verb whatever. In indicating these schemata, I do not claim that they represent all possible ways in which verbs can be used correctly with respect to time determination nor that a verb exhibiting a use fairly covered by one schema cannot have divergent uses, which
Food Security in Nigeria: An Examination of Food Availability and Accessibility in Nigeria

 Abstract — As a basic physiology need, threat to sufficient food production is threat to human survival. Food security has been an issue that has gained global concern. This paper looks at the food security in Nigeria by assessing the availability of food and accessibility of the available food. The paper employed multiple linear regression technique and graphic trends of growth rates of relevant variables to show the situation of food security in Nigeria. Results of the tests revealed that population growth rate was higher than the growth rate of food availability in Nigeria for the earlier period of the study. Commercial bank credit to agricultural sector, foreign exchange utilization for food and the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) contributed significantly to food availability in Nigeria. Food prices grew at a faster rate than the average income level, making it difficult to access sufficient food. It implies that prior to the year 2012; there was insufficient food to feed the Nigerian populace. However, continued credit to the food and agricultural sector will ensure sustained and sufficient production of food in Nigeria. Microfinance banks should make sufficient credit available to smallholder farmer. Government should further control and subsidize the rising price of food to make it more accessible by the people.
A roadmap for genetic testing in ALS

Chio and colleagues present a new set of clinical suggestions for the genetic counselling and testing of patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 1 The paper provides sage, straightforward advice for neurologists faced with questions from patients or their relatives about their risk of developing this fatal neurodegenerative disease and the role of genetic testing in quantifying that risk. Key among their recommendations is that mutational screening be extended to include more recently discovered genes. Furthermore, genetic testing should be discussed with all patients diagnosed with ALS, regardless of their family history. In so doing, the authors highlight the growing awareness among both the medical community and patients as to the predictive power of modern genomics. Recent advances in our understanding of ALS genetics make these updated clinical suggestions particularly timely. The genetic aetiology of two …
Correlation between electrical activity and the size of rabbit sino‐atrial node cells.

1. Single cells were isolated from rabbit sino‐atrial (SA) node by enzymatic dissociation. Spontaneous action potentials and membrane currents were recorded using the whole‐cell patch clamp technique to study the relationship between electrical activity and the size of the cells. 2. The size of SA node cells was estimated by measuring the cell capacitance. The cell capacitance of SA node cells ranged from 21.8 to 61.5 pF with a mean +/‐ S.E. M. of 38.2 +/‐ 1.3 pF (n = 61). 3. The action potential amplitude, maximum diastolic potential, take‐off potential and action potential upstroke velocity were greater in larger cells. The rate of diastolic depolarization was greater and the intrinsic spontaneous activity was faster in larger cells. 4. The density of hyperpolarization‐activated current (i(f)) was greater in larger cells, whereas the density of L‐type calcium current was not correlated with the size of SA node cells. 5. TTX‐sensitive sodium current (iNa) was absent in small cells with a capacitance of less than approximately 25 pF, and the density of iNa was greater in larger cells. 6. The greater density of iNa in larger cells may explain the higher upstroke velocity of the action potential in large cells, and the greater density of i(f) and iNa could be responsible for the faster intrinsic spontaneous activity of large cells. These results suggest that the SA node consists of electrophysiologically heterogeneous pacemaker cells with different electrical membrane properties.
Redução de estados em receptores MLSE para comunicações ópticas

Sistemas opticos sao afetados pelas dispersoes cromatica e de modo de polarizacao que causam interferencia intersimbolica. Para mitigar essas dispersoes e utilizado um receptor de sequencia de maxima verossimilhanca, com uma metrica subotima adequada para esse sistema. Nesta dissertacao uma tecnica de reducao de estados da trelica do algoritmo de Viterbi e descrita e adaptada para um sistema optico de modulacao por intensidade e deteccao direta. A metrica e adaptada para compensar o efeito da reducao de estados pela tecnica de delayed-decision feedback sequence estimation. Resultados sao apresentados em sistemas com dispersao cromatica e de modo de polarizacao Abstract
A eficácia do treinamento de força na diminuição do percentual de gordura corporal de homens e mulheres

Nos ultimos anos tem aumentado a discussao, entre os profissionais da area da educacao fisica, a respeito de quais ou qual seria o melhor tipo de exercicio para a diminuicao do percentual de gordura corporal. O objetivo do presente estudo e demonstrar a eficacia do treinamento de forca na diminuicao do percentual de gordura corporal de homens e mulheres. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa bibliografica que levantou dados sobre treinamento de forca e diminuicao de percentual de gordura em livros, artigos, impressos e on line e base de dados, a partir do ano de 1993. Das 15 pesquisas analisadas, 60% demonstram que o treinamento de forca e efetivo no emagrecimento. Conclui-se entao que o trabalho de forca, principalmente com altas intensidades, e eficaz no processo de diminuicao do percentual de gordura corporal.
Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Intrahost Diversity across the Coding Region by Ultradeep Pyrosequencing

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. In this study, we analyzed four treatment-naïve patients infected with subtype 1a and performed Roche/454 pyrosequencing across the coding region. We report the presence of low-level drug resistance mutations that would most likely have been missed using conventional sequencing methods. The approach described here is broadly applicable to studies of viral diversity and could help to improve the efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) in the treatment of HCV-infected patients.
Desarrollo de un sistema de medida basado en espectroscopía de impedancia para la determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos en alimentos

Una de las areas prioritarias del Septimo Programa Marco de la Union Europea es Smart Control for Improved Food and Feed Technologies, cuyo objetivo es el desarrollo de nuevos metodos que faciliten el control de los procesos productivos y garanticen la calidad y seguridad de los productos agroalimentarios. La relevancia concedida a esta linea de investigacion es un claro indicador del interes de todos los agentes implicados en impulsar la introduccion de tecnologias innovadoras. La meta es implementar nuevas tecnicas analiticas rapidas y economicas, que constituyan una alternativa real a los procedimientos tradicionales de control. El sistema de medida desarrollado se compone de tres partes: - Equipo de medida electronico. La implementacion de la tecnica de espectroscopia de impedancia requiere la generacion y muestreo de senales senoidales de amplitud variable de hasta 1MHz. Por ello, en el desarrollo del equipo de medida se han empleado tecnicas digitales multiproceso, basadas en dispositivos de logica programable (CPLD). - Aplicacion PC. Un software disenado para que de forma sencilla y rapida el usuario pueda modificar los parametros (amplitud, rango de frecuencias, escala de corriente, etc.) de las senales que se aplican a las muestras. Ademas, recepciona los datos de tension y corriente y calcula, grafica y almacena los valores de los espectros de impedancia. - Electrodos. Diseno de dos tipos de electrodos con geometrias diferentes y de reducidas dimensiones en comparacion con las de las muestras para que las determinaciones realizadas tengan un caracter puntual y no destructivo. Se han denominado "Electrodo doble" y "Electrodo punta de flecha". El primero esta configurado por dos agujas muy finas de acero inoxidable paralelas entre si. El segundo, disenado con tecnicas serigraficas mediante tecnologia thick-film, esta constituido por dos electrodos de pasta conductora fijados sobre una base de alumina, con forma de punta de flecha.
In vitro effect of 4-pentylphenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol on murine splenic lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

Abstract Gasoline exhaust particles (GEP) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are considered to be some of the most important air pollutants. Among the many constituents in these pollutant particles, 4-pentylphenol (PP) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC) are considered important phenolics in GEP and DEP, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in vitro exposure to commercially-supplied PP and PNMC on populations of, and production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and granzyme-B by, mouse splenic lymphocytes. After in vitro exposure to PP or PNMC for 48 h, splenocyte viability was measured, cell phenotypes, e.g. B-cell (CD19), T-cells (CD3), T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8), were quantified by flow cytometry and production of IL-2, IL-4 and granzyme-B was assessed via ELISA. The oxidative toxicity of PP and PNMC toward the splenocytes was also evaluated using measures of hydroxyl radical and malondiadehyde production and changes in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Results showed that in vitro exposure to PP and PNMC inhibited splenic cell parameters in a dose-related manner. Exposure to PP and PNMC decreased splenic T-lymphocyte populations and splenocyte production of cytokines and granzyme B, as well as induced oxidative stress in the splenocytes. The results also showed that the percentages of CD3+ T-cells overall and of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells therein, among exposed splenocytes, were reduced; neither compound appeared to affect levels of CD19+ B-cells. Overall, the suppressive effects of PP were stronger than PNMC. The data here provide support for the proposal that PP-/PNMC-induced toxicity in splenocytes may be due at least in part to oxidative damage and that PP and PNMC – as components of GEP and DEP – might significantly impact on splenic T-cell formation/release of cytokines/granzymes in situ.
Cadherin Expression and Progression of Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity

Cell-cell adhesion plays fundamental and dynamic roles in the development and maintenance of multi-cellular organisms. Epithelial sheet is a typical structure and composed of cells that work together and separate from a lumen or space from underlying tissue. It lines most internal surfaces, including gastrointestinal tract and kidney tubes, and external layer of the epithelium as the epidermis of skin. The oral cavity is covered with stratified squamous cell epithelium in which keratinizing epithelial cells strongly connect with each other and differentiate from basal cells at the bottom to keratinized surface cells. Epithelial cells are connected together by junctional complexes that have distinct order with respect to their ultra-structures; zonula occludens (tight junctions), gap junctions, zonula adherens (adherence junctions) and macula adherens (desmosomes). Adherence junctions in epithelial sheet are belt like junctions and composed of cadherins that bind with proteins at the cytoplasmic domain. In other cell types, adherence junctions display different morphology; spotty and discontinuous in fibroblastic cells and punctate in the synaptic junctions. Desmosome is a spot-like junction associated with desmosomal cadherins (desmogleins and desmocollins) and tightly associated with adjacent cell membranes compared to adherence junctions. Stratified squamous epithelial cells express large amount of cadherins and well organize adherence junctions and desmosomes. Disruption of desmosomes by autoantibodies against desmoglein causes pemphigus that are multiple and bullous diseases in the skin and oral mucosa. Cadherins are most characterized cell-cell adhesion molecules and implicated in the development and progression of carcinomas of the epithelial origin. In this chapter, we overview the regulation and role of cadherins in the pathology of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).
An optimized framework of integrated logistics based on PLM (product lifecycle management)

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an integrated business approach to the collaborative creation, management and dissemination of engineering information throughout the extended enterprise. Concretely, PLM enables a supply chain to become much more competitive by an effective collaboration among customers, developers, suppliers and manufacturers at various lifecycle stages of a product. Indeed, integrating logistic constraints in the early stages of product development will avoid additional costs and wasted time caused by a product unsuitable for its supply chain. Our objective is to show the role of PLM in supply chain optimization. This paper proposes a methodology of simultaneous design of the product and its related supply chain based on PLM approach and optimization mathematical models.
Comparison of an Innovative Rehabilitation, Combining Reduced Conventional Rehabilitation with Balneotherapy, and a Conventional Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Athletes

Background Instability of the knee, related to anterior cruciate ligament injury, is treated by surgical reconstruction. During recovery, a loss of proprioceptive input can have a significant impact. Few studies have evaluated the benefits of rehabilitation of the knee in aquatic environment on functional outcomes. Objective This study aimed to compare an innovative rehabilitation protocol combining reduced conventional rehabilitation with aquatic rehabilitation, with a conventional rehabilitation, according to the National French Health Authority, in terms of kinetics, development of proprioceptive skills, and functional improvement of the knee. Methods 67 patients, who were amateur or professional athletes, were randomized into two groups: 35 patients followed the conventional rehabilitation protocol (Gr1) and 32 patients followed the innovative rehabilitation protocol (Gr2). Patients were evaluated before surgery, and at 2 weeks, 1, 2, and 6 months after surgery using posturography, and evaluation of muscular strength, walking performance and proprioception. This study is multicenter, prospective, randomized, and controlled with a group of patients following conventional rehabilitation (level of evidence I). Results For the same quality of postural control, Gr2 relied more on somesthesia than Gr1 at 6 months. The affected side had an impact on postural control and in particular on the preoperative lateralization, at 2 weeks and at 1 month. Lateralization depended on the affected knee, with less important lateralization in Gr2 preoperatively and at 1 month. The quadriceps muscular strength was higher in Gr2 than in Gr1 at 2 and 6 months and muscle strength of the external hamstring was greater in Gr2 than in Gr1 at 6 months. The isokinetic test showed a greater quadriceps muscular strength in Gr2. Gr2 showed a greater walking distance than Gr1 at one month. Gr2 showed an improvement in the proprioceptive capacities of the operated limb in flexion for the first 2 months. Conclusion The effectiveness of the innovative rehabilitation program permits faster recovery, allowing for an earlier return to social, sporting, and professional activities. Faster retrieval of knee function following aquatic rehabilitation would prevent both short-term risk of lesions of the contralateral limb due to overcompensation and long-term risk of surgery due to osteoarthritis. Registration of clinical trials NCT02225613.
Multivariable torque tracking control for E-IVT hybrid powertrain

This study deals with the control of a hybrid vehicle powertrain, composed of three actuators (one engine, two electric machines). This powertrain belongs to the electric-infinitely variable transmission class. In order to achieve low fuel consumption, drivability and electric power management, controllers must achieve simultaneously three specifications: tracking engine speed, wheel-torque and battery power references. Decoupled controlled-output behaviours and maximal performances are also required. In order to imitate a classical powertrain control structure, the control structure is split into two parts. The interest is to decouple transmission speed ratio control and wheel torque control. A model-based design approach is proposed, that directly deals with robustness and decoupling, in a full multivariable and frequency-dependent framework (H ∞ synthesis). Closed-loop simulations are presented. Stability and performances faced to disturbances and non-linearities are also evaluated, using the theory of linear parameter varying systems.
Placement et équilibrage de charge pour calculs itératifs sur grappes hétérogènes

Cet article est consacre a la mise en œuvre d’algorithmes iteratifs sur plate-formes heterogenes. Les donnees sont reparties sur l’ensemble des processeurs, qui sont organises en anneau virtuel. A chaque iteration, des calculs independants sont effectues en parallele et des communications ont lieu entre les processeurs consecutifs de l’anneau. Le probleme est de determiner comment partitionner les donnees et comment les repartir pour que le temps total d’execution soit minimal. Une difficulte majeure est d’inclure un anneau dans un reseau qui n’est pas forcement un graphe complet, de telle sorte que certains liens de communication soient partages par plusieurs couples de ressources. Nous avons demontre un resultat de complexite qui etablit la difficulte de ce probleme, et nous proposons une heuristique polynomiale qui fournit des schemas efficaces d’allocation, de routage et de distribution de donnees.
GPP Spectrum Access Evolution Towards 5 G

The ever-increasing needs for more spectrum resources, and the emerging new Radio Access Technologies under the 5G umbrella add to the complexity of the Spectrum Toolbox in mobile networks landscape. This article covers 3GPP LTE evolution from Release 8 up to the Release 14, which deals with the LTE-Advanced Pro enhancements. A collection of available frequency bands, spectrum aggregation mechanisms, licensing and duplexing schemes, as well as spectrum sharing and refarming techniques is described. With such a classification, Spectrum Toolbox is defined and its evolution directions are discussed, with the opportunities and challenges of the individual features summarized. Studies on the new non-backwards compatible Radio Access Technology, as well as the new channel models for higher frequency bands are also covered. The presented Spectrum Toolbox is considered as a baseline for the introduction of the new air interface framework towards 5G ecosystem in the context of future mobile networks enhancements.
Optimal criteria for the diagnosis of Legionella coinfection.

Sir—We read with interest the article by Tan et al. [1], which is a retrospective review of 6 cases of legionnaires disease with bacteremic coinfection. Although coinfection may occur, the diagnosis should be established on firm grounds. In the 6 patients described by the authors, the diagnosis was based on antibody response (3 patients) or detection of Legionella antigen in urine specimens (3 patients). Both methods have shortcomings. The specificity of antibody tests is questionable because of cross-reactions with other organisms [2]. The results of Legionella antigen detection in the urine, assuming that it has 100% specificity (which is questionable), remain positive several months after infection occurs, suggesting possible falsepositive reactions [3]. Although these criteria may be acceptable in patients with pneumonia who do not have other docu
EAP, a highly conserved cellular protein associated with Epstein‐Barr virus small RNAs (EBERs).

Human B lymphocytes latently infected with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) synthesize very large amounts (5 × 10(6)/cell) of two small nuclear RNAs called EBERs (Epstein‐Barr encoded RNAs). These RNAs are of unknown function and, like many RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcripts, bind the La autoantigen. We have discovered that the EBERs also associate with a second highly abundant host‐encoded protein designated EAP (EBER associated protein). Human EAP is a small (14,777 dalton, 128 amino acid) polypeptide that binds both EBER 1 and EBER 2. EAP is also found in association with one or both of two analogous virally‐encoded RNAs found in baboon cells infected with herpesvirus papio (HVP). We have devised a purification procedure for EAP and have cloned its cDNA from a human placental cDNA library using amino acid sequence data and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The predicted amino acid sequence of EAP shows a strong resemblance (77% identity) to an endodermal, developmentally regulated sea urchin protein called 217 (Dolecki et al., 1988). EAP contains a potential nuclear localization signal and a highly acidic carboxy terminus, but does not display marked similarity to any other RNA binding proteins.
Concurrent higher-order field monitoring for routine head MRI: an integrated heteronuclear setup

Fig. 5: SE EPI with 24 interleaves, readout dur. 11.20ms, TE 28.7ms, in-plane resolution 1.2mm, slice thickness 4mm. Higher-order image reconstruction [3] is based on k0-15 and performed on a cluster of 32 CPU’s; reconstruction-time 60sec for 8 coils. Fig. 4: Top: unwrapped phase evolution of 15 NMR probes over the 9.3 ms readout of the SE-EPI scan. Lower rows: kλ(t) phase coefficient evolution (divided in spatial orders 0-3), as fitted from the probes’ phase evolutions and used for image reconstruction. The kλ‘s are plotted in ‘max notation’, i.e. the maximum phase value taken on by kλ·fλ inside a sphere with radius 10cm [Eq.1]. Fig. 1: Equations 1-5. Concurrent higher-order field monitoring for routine head MRI: an integrated heteronuclear setup