Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Conflicts between Iran's Foreign Investment Protection Law and Iran's Sixth Development Plan Law in the Tobacco Industry

Iran is a country of conflicts. One of the conflicting areas is located between the fundamental legislations and the laws passed throughout the years. Through the current study, the conflict between Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act (FIPPA) and Law on Sixth Five-year Development Plan of Iran is reviewed with a concentration on tobacco industry. On the one hand, tax and excise from tobacco industry form an important base for governmental revenue and, on the other hand, the mentioned industry is considered as a harmful business. Therefore, discriminations and injustice existing in the increase in the tax and excise of one such industry is not taken care of properly. During this study the discrimination between local and international companies regarding taxation and the conflict between FIPPA and Sixth Development Plan in tobacco industry are reviewed.
Antiproliferative Effect of Green Papaya on Lymphocytic Leukemic Cells

Numerous edible plants have been reported to interfere with the carcinogenic process, and therefore, the regular consumption of these plant products may reduce the risk of developing cancer. We investigated the effect of papaya fruit and leaves on the cell proliferation of Jurkat T-lymphocytic and Daudi B-lymphocytic leukemia cells. Cells were treated with aqueous or methanolic extracts from leaves, skin, pulp, and seeds from green papaya. The papaya fractions were tested for total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and anti-oxidation activity using chemical assays. Cell proliferation was measured using a WST-1 assay. Our data indicate that methanol and water extracts of seeds and leaves contained higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds and higher anti-oxidation activity than that of extracts from skin and pulp. Both methanol and water extracts from leaves and skin potently inhibited the proliferation of leukemic Jurkat T-cells and Daudi B-cells. However, the effect was more potent on Jurkat T-cells, and the leaf extracts were more effective than that of skin extracts. None of the pulp or seed extracts showed inhibitory activity on leukemic cell proliferation. Although papaya leaves are not consumed as a food, leaf extracts have been used for the treatment of various conditions, including dengue and malaria fevers, gastric ulcers, low platelet counts, and cancers of the breast, lung, and cervix. Our data suggest that the consumption of papaya leaf extracts may also be beneficial in preventing and/or treating lymphocytic cancer. Isolation of active compounds from papaya leaves will also help in developing new drugs for cancer treatment.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF POMELO (CITRUS MAXIMA (BURM.) MERR.) USING 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL AND PHOSPHOMOLYBDENUM ASSAYS

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aims of this research were to determine antioxidant activity from various organs extracts of pomelo using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assays, total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content, correlation of total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content in various extracts of chayote with their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC ) of DPPH antioxidant activities and exhibitory concentration 50% (EC 50 ) of phosphomolybdenum capacity, and correlation between two antioxidant assays. 50 Methods: Extraction was carried out by reflux using various polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content were conducted by UVvisible spectrophotometry and its correlation with IC Results: The lowest IC 50 50 of DPPH and EC 50 of phosphomolybdenum was analyzed by Pearson’s method. of DPPH scavenging activity was shown by ethyl acetate cortex extract of pomelo (0.68 µg/ml), whereas the lowest EC of phosphomolybdenum capacity was given by ethyl acetate leaves extract of pomelo (101.36 µg/ml). Ethyl acetate cortex extract of pomelo had the highest total phenolic content and ethyl acetate leaves extract had the highest total flavonoid content (TFC). There was a negative and significant correlation between TFC in cortex and peel extracts of pomelo with their IC 50 of DPPH. Conclusions: All organs extracts of pomelo (except n-hexane peel extract) were classified as a very strong antioxidant by DPPH method. Flavonoid compounds in cortex and peel extract of pomelo were the major contributor in antioxidant activities by DPPH method. DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays gave no linear results in antioxidant activities of leaves, cortex, and peel extracts of pomelo. Keywords: Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Phosphomolybdenum, Pomelo, Three organs. 50
Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Change Detection Using Geospatial Technique in Anbessa Forest, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Background LULC analysis using satellite images for detecting the changes across a given landscape is a very crucial tool for understanding the nexus between forest ecosystems and human activities. LULC pattern of Anbessa forest had undergone fast changes over the last 30 years, but no research measured the level of the changes. The present study was aimed at detecting the LULC change pattern of Anbessa forest using data from satellite images between 1989 and 2019. Methods We examined the LULC changes of Anbessa forest using satellite image data over the period of 1989–2019 using geospatial technique. Results The results show a 29% and 18% decrease in land area under dense and open forests respectively over a period of 30 years. Conversely there is 32% and 25.6% increase in the land under agricultural land and settlement areas respectively. A relatively small average decrease of 8% in shrub land was found although there was a decrease from 1989 to 2004 and an increase from 2004 to 2019. Conclusion The fact that there is a decrease in natural and open forests and an increase in agricultural and settlement areas implies there had been fast degradation of natural forests of Anbessa forest due to human activities. Thus, there should be an intervention project that ensures the sustainability of the forest.
Targeting Tau Degradation by Small Molecule Inhibitors for Treatment of Tauopathies

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that affect millions of people around the world. Tauopathies include more than 20 neurodegenerative diseases. Some of the most common tauopathies are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Pick’s disease, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), agyrophillic grain disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases can cause significant memory loss, behavioral changes, motor deficits and speech impairments. Tauopathies stem from accumulation of the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT). Tau stabilizes microtubules and helps with axonal transport. In a disease state tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and truncated leading to its aggregation. More recently tau has been shown to propagate from cell to cell potentially acting as a signaling molecule that contributes to disease progression. In addition during disease, tau mislocalizes to dendrites leading to synaptic dysfunction. This mislocalization may also lead to subsequent neurodegeneration. Today, many strategies have been implemented to treat tauopathies. Some of these strategies include kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, tau aggregation inhibitors, and microtubule-stabilizing compounds. However none these strategies have been effective in stopping tau pathology nor do they address tau degradation pathways. Therefore we hypothesized that utilizing small molecules that target degradation pathways such as autophagy or proteasomal degradation would improve clearance of aberrant tau. We previously showed that a natural product (+)-aR,11S-myricanol (1) from Myrica cerifica (bayberry/southern wax myrtle) root bark reduced levels of tau. In this study we discovered that 1 is composed of two enantiomers and two possible atropisomers. We found that one enantiomer (-)-aS,11R-myricanol (3) was responsible for the anti-tau activity of 1 in multiple models of tauopathy. We also found that 3 selectively targets and lowers specific tau species. To better understand how these tau species were being reduced we took a non-biased approach and subjected 3 treated samples to stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) mass spectrometry (MS) proteomic analysis. We found that autophagy pathways were most affected by 3 and that 3 was predicted to mimic the drug rapamycin, a well-established macroautophagy activator. In addition we confirmed our MS findings by simultaneously giving 3 treated cells an autophagy inhibitor which blocked 3’s tau reductions. Moreover we created a tetralin derivative of 1, 13, that produced the same effects on tau as 3 but did not rely upon stereochemistry for its activity. This work supports targeting the autophagy degradation pathway as a viable approach to improving aberrant tau accumulation. In order to further support our hypothesis, we collected and screened several known heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) inhibitors and tau aggregation inhibitors for cellular anti-tau activity. While it is known that Hsp70…
Morphological studies on the blood vessels of the elbow region of the dog.

The purpose of this study is to investigate in details the major blood vessels and their branches in the structures of the elbow joint through corrosion, radiography, and computed tomography angiography. The vessels were visualized on 17 canine thoracic limbs. The corrosion cast was obtained after the introduction of Duracryl-Plus dental plastics through the brachial artery, freezing and subsequent tissue lysis. Barium sulfate introduced through the same artery postmortem was used to visualize the vessels by radiography. For the purpose of computed tomography angiography, an arterial catheter was introduced into the brachial artery through which a contrast solution of Ultravist 300 at a rate of 0.5 ml per second was injected using an infusion apparatus. Variations in arterial anastomoses in the elbow region have been identified.
Micromundos interactivos como recurso pedagógico del aula invertida

En la presente investigación se implementaron micromundos interactivos como recurso pedagógico de aula invertida, para la enseñanza en las asignaturas de sociales e inglés. Los micromundos son ambientes interactivos en los cuales el aprendizaje gira alrededor de la actividad del sujeto que aprende, más no del profesor, pues es la actividad del estudiante, con sus errores, la que hace que él mismo aprenda y alcance un aprendizaje significativo. El propósito es analizar el efecto que estos micromundos producen en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de sexto grado, en contextos rurales.
Elevated serum ferritin level effectively discriminates severity illness and predicts prognosis of COVID-19 patients

During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, medical resources in every country is in shortage. Efficacious indicators of discriminating severe illness and predicting outcome is in urgent need. We collected data and clinical records from 79 COVID-19 patients admitted between January 12, 2020 and February 21, 2020 at Wuhan Union hospital, China. Spearman’s correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, logistic regression model, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were employed in the analysis. Of 79 patients enrolled, 2 died in hospital, 8 were transferred to other hospitals, and 69 were discharged. Patients with elevated ferritin levels (> 200 ng/mL) had a higher incidence of severity illness when compared with those with normal ferritin levels (≤ 200 ng/mL) (50.0% vs 2.9%). In addition, severity illness manifested significantly higher level of ferritin as compared with non-severe ones (median 921.3 vs 130.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Furthermore, ferritin could effectively discriminate severity and non-severity, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) reaching 0.873 (sensitivity 96%, specificity 70%), larger than that of age (0.697), C-reactive protein (0.730) and lymphocytes% (0.717). Combined model incorporating multivariate revealed a similar manner with ferritin alone (p = 0.981). Furthermore, elevated ferritin group showed longer viral clearance time (median 16 vs 6 days, p < 0.001) and in-hospital length (median 18 vs 10 days, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that ferritin could act as a simple and efficacious complementary tool to identify severe COVID-19 patients at early stage and predict their outcome. This indicator would provide guidance for subsequent clinical practice, alleviate the medical stress and reduce the mortality.
Interactions of Flame-generated Incipient Nanoparticles with Water

We experimentally examined the Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) forming potential of Organic Carbon (OC) nanoparticles formed in non-sooting premixed flames. Flamegenerated particles were grown by coagulation, and the fraction of particles that grow in a humid environment was measured as a function of dry particle size. A differential mobility analyzer is used select particles of a particular size, and their total concentration as well as the concentration of only those particles that grow in a humid environment (S=0.8) was measured simultaneously. Flame-generated particles in the size range 30-60 nm did not grow to droplets larger than 300nm. For NaCl particles produced by electrospray, also tested in the same conditions, half grew by condensation for dry particles with a diameter of 28 nm, in good agreement with earlier works, validating our experimental approach. While the results are preliminary, they suggest that freshly emitted OC nanoparticles are unlikely to act as CCN. Future work should examine larger flame-generated particles exposed to humid environments with higher S and how atmospheric transformations by oxidization and UV radiation affect the CCNforming potential of combustion-generated OC nanoparticles.
Brownsche Dynamik nanoskopischer, anisotroper Partikel im externen elektrischen Feld

Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit dem in situ Schaltprozess von anisotropen, nanoskopischen Partikeln in Losung durch ein auseres elektrisches Feld. Die statische und dynamische Orientierung der anisotropen Partikel, hervorgerufen durch das ausere elektrische Feld, wird mittels Rontgenkleinwinkelstreuung und dynamischer Lichtstreuung untersucht. Die verschiedenen anisotropen Partikel (kontrolliert gewachsene Polymeraggregate, Goldnanostabchen und Graphennanoplattchen) unterscheiden sich u.a. in ihrer Grose, ihrem Aspektverhaltnis und in ihrer dielektrischen Permittivitat. Diese Parameter beeinflussen eine mogliche Orientierung der Teilchen durch das elektrische Feld. Zusatzlich zu den Partikelsuspensionen werden Partikel, dispergiert in dem Flussigkristall 4-Cyano-4’- pentylbiphenyl (5CB), unter Feldeinfluss in der Rontgenkleinwinkelstreuung untersucht, da die Wechselwirkung zwischen Flussigkristall und Partikel Auswirkungen auf den feldstarkenabhangigen Orientierungsprozess der Partikel hat. Es zeigt sich, dass eine feldstarkenabhangige Orientierung der Graphennanoplattchen, dispergiert in 5CB, in dieser Arbeit mittels SAXS detektiert werden kann und die Orientierung durch das elektrische Feld reversibel schaltbar ist.
A Conceptual Framework for Real-Time Emotional-State Monitoring of Students in VLEs to Identify Students at Risk

Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) feature rich textual data which lend itself naturally to the identification and monitoring of aspects of students’ interactions. While reducing attrition and improving performance remain the primary objectives of learning analytics, we contend that student contributed text can be used to learn about emotions and other extra-rational features. This would help provide a response to the recent cries for help from the sector, seeking a system looking to address the worrying mental health crisis trends. This paper addresses these issues by discussing the necessary mechanisms within a conceptual framework which would sit in a VLE and capture emotional state changes in the students’ interaction style or tone. For such a framework, the aim would be to help educators to carry out timely interventions when a potential cause of distress is identified. Experimental results on available datasets from education and psychology serve as a feasibility study for these tasks, and offer a perspective on the potential of the approach.
THE EFFECT OF DOW JONES INDEX AND INDONESIA MACRO VARIABLES INDEX ON FINANCIAL SECTOR PRICE INDEX POST GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS 2008

This study aims to determine whether the Dow Jones Index, exchange rate, interest rates, and inflation affect the Financial Sector Stock Price Index. The population in this study is the Financial Sector Stock Price Index (CSPI) data from December 1995 to December 2018. The sample in this study is the monthly data of the Dow Jones Index, Rupiah Exchange Rates, SBI Interest Rates, Inflation, and CSPI within 10 years (120 months) from January 2009 to December 2018 where the CSPI experienced fluctuations during this period. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Research results show that Simultaneously, the Dow Jones Index variables, Dollar Exchange Rate, BI Rate, and Inflation significantly influence the dependent variable of the JCI movement with a coefficient value of 96.53%. The Dow Jones Index variable partially has a significant effect and is positively correlated with the CSPI dependent variable. Dollar Exchange Variable partially has a significant effect and negatively correlates to the CSPI dependent variable. The BI Rate variable partially has no significant effect and positively correlates to the CSPI dependent variable. Inflation variable partially has no significant effect and positively correlated to the CSPI dependent variable.
Flowering Phenology of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. at Two Elevations in Phawngpui National Park, Mizoram: Climate Change Implications

We studied flowering phonological events of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. at two altitudes (1945 m and 2157 m asl) in Phawngpui National Park for 4-years period. Our results revealed that all the flowering phenophases (onset, peak and end) were significantly influenced by altitude mediated atmospheric temperature and soil surface temperature. The low altitude which experienced higher surface and atmospheric temperature induced early onset of flowering of this species by 9-16.days, peak flowering by 7-9 days and showed better flowering synchrony and higher flowering amplitude compared to those plants at high altitude. However, flowering duration was not affected by the variations in temperature induced by altitude. These findings provide clues for climate change influence on the altering phonological pattern of this species.
Faut-il continuer à ignorer les pratiques de la RSE en Afrique subsaharienne?

Relatant la vie des entreprises africaines, cet article essaie de montrer que les reussites tiennent notamment aux liens qui existent entre les pratiques de la responsabilite sociale des entreprises (RSE) et les valeurs du milieu local. Nous ramenant a accepter l’idee des pratiques RSE africaines differente des pratiques americaines et europeennes, cet article verifie que, pour etre efficace, la RSE doit se fonder sur ce qui est regarde localement comme « la bonne maniere » de vivre ensemble. Il eclaire sur certaines specificites de l’ethique de la bonne volonte en Afrique subsaharienne.
Going Underground

Yet despite local government being subject to the most stringent funding reductions in the public sector, expressions of resistance against the Coalition government’s cuts to local government funding have been muted. Whilst there have been private protests to the Secretary of State, occasional letters to the papers and local publicity campaigns by the bigger cities (Anderson, 2012; Hennessy, 2012) there have been very few high profile examples of local authorities taking an openly combative stance towards the Government’s austerity policies. Why?
Management of oncology patients receiving anti-cancer treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic

Background/Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has deeply affected life all over the World. The World Health Organization named this disease as COVID-19. The most important factor in the transmission of the disease is asymptomatic carriers. We’ve tested all oncology patients, that receive anti-cancer therapy, for COVİD-19 to prevent asymptomatic oncology patients from spreading infection and to make the decision to postpone chemotherapy in infected patients. Then, we analyzed the clinical and radiological findings of infected patients.Materials and Methods: Oncology patients who have indications of receiving anti-cancer treatment in the hospital were tested for COVID-19, two day prior to their treatment even if they were asymptomatic by collecting nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens for RT-PCR for viral RNA detection. Positive patients, underwent inspiratory phase of chest computed tomography (CT) examination. Infected patients were given the recommended treatment for COVID-19. Anti-cancer treatment of all patients that had positive PCR results was delayed for 14 days.Results: PCR test was positive in 28 of 312 patients that we tested, and the positivity rate was 8.9%. Three patients (10.7%) had symptoms; 2 of whom had dyspnea and cough, and 1 had headache, and 25 patients (89.3%) had no symptoms.Conclusion: In oncology patients, who are receiving anti-cancer treatment, we have to recognize the asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. We recommend testing for COVID-19 in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, periodically or before each anti-cancer treatment, in order to continue their treatment without any problems and to prevent the risk of transmission.
PREPARATION, REACTIONS AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF WATER SOLUBLE IRIDIUM-SULFONATED TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE COMPLEX

Water soluble iridium complex, IrCl(CO)(TPPTS)2·χH2O (1) (TPPTS=m-trisulfonated triphenylphosphine) has been prepared from the reaction of a water soluble complex, IrCl(COD)(TPPTS)2·6H2O (COD=l,5-cyclooctadiene) with CO and unambiguously characterized by electronic absorption, 31P NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectral data. Complex 1 catalyzes the hydration of terminal alkynes to give ketones in aqueous solutions at room temperature. The rate of PhC≡CH hydration dramatically increases with addition of MeOH to the reaction mixture in H2O, which is understood in terms of i) the excellent miscibility between H2O and MeOH and ii) the assumed catalytic hydration pathway involving the initial formation of (alkyne)IrCl(CO)(TPPTS)2.
Sidelobe forming for ground clutter and jammer suppression for airborne active array radar

We study the feasibility of ground clutter and jammer suppression in airborne active array radar by reducing the sidelobes in all directions pointing towards the ground or the horizon. We calculate the complex weighting necessary for achieving such an antenna pattern. Using simulation results, we demonstrate improvements in performance compared to uniform sidelobe reduction techniques, most notably a reduced main beam broadening. We also discuss implementation-related issues, such as the influence of quantisation and channel errors, and possible suboptimum beamforming techniques.