Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN AND ITS USE FOR QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS

—A specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for myelin basic protein is described which is sensitive to 10−9 g of basic protein. The amount of basic protein detected in isolated myelin by the RIA and by SDS‐gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric quantitation agree to within experimental error. In contrast to isolated myelin, the major portion of the basic protein in fresh tissue is not accessible to its antibody. It is shielded from its antibody in a complex which is disrupted by heat, organic solvents, and various detergents. Maximum antibody binding was obtained with tissue heated to 100°C for 10 min. It is possible to calculate that the RIA quantitatively detects basic protein in boiled tissue. Boiled adult rat brain contains approximately 2·5 μg of basic protein/mg wet wt of cerebral cortex. The antibody to basic protein has no capacity to bind non‐neural tissues.
Intima‐Media Thickness and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Familial Defective Apolipoprotein B‐100 and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Abstract: Familial defective apolipoprotein B‐100 (FDB) is a genetic disorder characterized by a decreased binding of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles to the LDL receptor due to defective apo B‐100. Impaired LDL clearance could also be due to defects of the LDL receptor (familial hypercholesterolemia, FH). FDB was suggested to be clinically indistinguishable from classical FH. The measurement of the intima‐media thickness (IMT) is an accepted method for the direct evaluation of early atherosclerosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the IMT in patients with FDB in comparison to FH. Our data indicate that IMT in FDB does not differ from IMT in FH.
The Energy Partitioning and the Diffusive Character of the Seismic Coda

Following recent theoretical developments of the radiative transfer the- ory of elastic waves, we propose to use the ratio R of energies of curl and divergence part of the ground displacement to distinguish between the different possible domi- nant scattering regimes in the lithosphere. A consequence of the diffusion regime is the partitioning of the energy between different vibrational modes, which is inde- pendent of time. It results in the stabilization of R. This behavior is not expected if low-order diffraction (such as single scattering) is dominant. We apply our technique to seismograms recorded by a small-aperture seismic array operated during June- August 1997 in Guerrero (Mexico). We estimate the energy ratio R in the coda of 13 earthquakes recorded by the array. We find it to be very stable in the coda window, while the energy level itself changes by several orders of magnitude. The value of R is 7 1, independent of the earthquake location and the magnitude. The observed stabilization of R is a strong indication of the diffusive regime of the seismic coda.
A New Keystream Generator Based on Swarm Intelligence

Advances in the design of keystream generator using swarm intelligence techniques are reported.In this paper particle swarm optimization algorithm for generating random keystream with large complexity is presented. Particle swarm technique is adapted to locate the requirements(larg period ,larg linear complexity, good randomness and high order of correlation immunity). The definitions for some cryptographic properties are generalized, providing a measure suitable for use fitness function in a particle swarm algorithm, seeking randomness that satisfy both correlation immunity and the large linear complexity. Results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The relationship of HOXB9 expression promoting tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis to clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer.

10546 Background: Recently, we reported that HOXB9, a member of homeobox genes, expression promoted tumor neovascularization and metastasis in in vitro and in vivo asssay. These findings imply that overexpression of HOXB9 contributes to tumor progression through activation of signaling pathways that alter both tumor-specific cell fates and tumor-stromal microenvironment. (Hayashida et al., PNAS 2010) We sought to determine whether these results could be extended to the clinical application. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between HOXB9 expression, clinical outcomes, and the clinicopathological variables in breast cancer patients, and the contribution of HOXB9 expression to tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. METHODS A consecutive series of 141 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment from January 2004 to January 2005 were examined. HOXB9 protein expression was analyzed immunohistochemically using the anti-human HOXB9 polyclonal antibody. Immunostaining of Ki-67, CD31, and CD34 was performed to evaluate the association of proliferation and tumor angiogenesis with HOXB9 expression. RESULTS Of 141 tumor specimens immunostained for HOXB9, 69 specimens (48.9%) were positive staining. Univariate logistic regression revealed ER and PgR negativity, HER2 positivity, high nuclear grade, and large pathological tumor size as significant variables associated with HOXB9 expression. The disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival were significantly different between the HOXB9 positive negative group; HR=20.714, p=0.001, HR 9.206, p=0.003, respectively. A Multivariate analysis indicated that HOXB9 expression was the independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR=15.532, p=0.009). In subgroup analysis, patients with strong HOXB9 staining showed a significant increase in the number of vasculature and the Ki-67 ratio in comparison with HOXB9-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HOXB9 expression promoting the cellular proliferation and the angiogenesis in tumor microenvironment is a significant prognostic factor for clinical outcomes in breast cancer patient.
Models of Aspects of Schizophrenia: Behavioral Sensitization Induced by Subchronic Phencyclidine Administration

Presented in this unit is a protocol using subchronically administered phencyclidine (PCP) for establishing a behavioral sensitization model of aspects of schizophrenia. This model is validated using haloperidol and risperidone. The end‐point of the assay is locomotor hyperactivity, which is induced by PCP challenge following subchronic treatment with this NMDA receptor antagonist. The antipsychotics haloperidol, risperidone, and quetiapine all reduce hyperactivity in a dose‐dependent and selective manner. While the effects of other antipsychotics such as clozapine, olanzapine, and ziprasidone are similar to haloperidol, the interpretation of responses to them is often confounded by nonspecific effects during habituation. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 45:5.54. 1‐5.54. 13. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Concordance of actigraphy with polysomnography in children with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

This study sought to: (1) compare actigraphy‐derived estimated sleep variables to the same variables based on the gold‐standard of sleep assessment, polysomnography; (2) examine whether the correlations between the measures differ between children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing children; and (3) determine whether these correlations are altered when children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder are treated with medication. Participants (24 attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; 24 typically developing), aged 6–12 years, completed a 1‐week baseline assessment of typical sleep and daytime functioning. Following the baseline week, participants in the attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder group completed a 4‐week blinded randomized control trial of methylphenidate hydrochloride, including a 2‐week placebo and 2‐week methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment period. At the end of each observation (typically developing: baseline; attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: baseline, placebo and methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment), all participants were invited to a sleep research laboratory, where overnight polysomnography and actigraphy were recorded concurrently. Findings from intra‐class correlations and Bland–Altman plots were consistent. Actigraphy was found to provide good estimates (e.g. intra‐class correlations >0.61) of polysomnography results for sleep duration for all groups and conditions, as well as for sleep‐onset latency and sleep efficiency for the typically developing group and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder group while on medication, but not for the attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder group during baseline or placebo. Based on the Bland–Altman plots, actigraphy tended to underestimate for sleep duration (8.6–18.5 min), sleep efficiency (5.6–9.3%) and sleep‐onset latency, except for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder during placebo in which actigraphy overestimated (−2.1 to 6.3 min). The results of the current study highlight the importance of utilizing a multimodal approach to sleep assessment in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
EPIFAUNISTIC ARTHROPOD PARASITES OF THE FOUR-STRIPED MOUSE, RHABDOMYS PUMILIO, IN THE WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

Flea, lice, mite, and tick species associated with 510 Rhabdomys pumilio were collected at 9 localities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The aims of the study were first to quantify the species richness, prevalence, and relative mean intensity of infestation of epifaunistic arthropod species associated with R. pumilio, and second to determine temporal variations in the mean abundance of the parasitic arthropods. Each mouse was examined under a stereoscopic microscope and its parasites were removed, identified, and quantified. The epifaunal population was made up of more than 25,000 individuals and included 8 flea, 1 sucking louse, 11 mite, and 13 ixodid tick species. Female-biased sex ratios were noted for 9 (30%) of the ectoparasite species. Three undescribed mite and 1 undescribed tick species were recovered, and new locality records for 2 flea, the louse, and 2 mite species were documented. A phoretic host association between a nonparasitic mite species, Psylloglyphus uilenbergi kivuensis, and 3 flea species, Chiastopsylla rossi, Hypsophthalmus temporis, and Listropsylla agrippinae, was recorded. The mean abundance of the parasitic mite and insect species were higher during the cold wet season, whereas ticks were more numerous during the warm dry months. The large number of ectoparasite species on R. pumilio, a locally abundant and regionally widespread species, is of medical and veterinary importance particularly in relation to the transmission of pathogens such as Anaplasma marginale, Babesia caballi, and Babesia canis to domestic animals; Rickettsia conori; Yersinia pestis; and the viral disease Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever to humans.
To Screen or Not to Screen for Pre-Type 1 Diabetes?

The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide and the disease is an onerous burden both to the individual and to society. There are thus important reasons to screen for the disease before it becomes manifest: (1) to improve understanding of the natural history of the prediabetic period; (2) to gain further insights into the immunopathogenesis of the disease; (3) to identify individuals for prevention trials; (4) to make an earlier diagnosis in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Great strides have been made, yet there is still a great deal to be learned. Opponents of screening argue that screening tests for the disease have a low positive predictive value and that predicting the disease without a primary prevention capability raises ethical considerations because of induced stress, lifestyle changes, cost and potential effects on insurability. The greatest single barrier against large-scale population screening and prevention of the disease remains the lack of an effective intervention. However, screening in the context of well-designed research studies must continue – ultimately the benefit to the individual and to society will be immense.
Relation- and Phrase-level Linking of FrameNet with Sar-graphs

Recent research shows the importance of linking linguistic knowledge resources for the creation of large-scale linguistic data. We describe our approach for combining two English resources, FrameNet and sar-graphs, and illustrate the benefits of the linked data in a relation extraction setting. While FrameNet consists of schematic representations of situations, linked to lexemes and their valency patterns, sar-graphs are knowledge resources that connect semantic relations from factual knowledge graphs to the linguistic phrases used to express instances of these relations. We analyze the conceptual similarities and differences of both resources and propose to link sar-graphs and FrameNet on the levels of relations/frames as well as phrases. The former alignment involves a manual ontology mapping step, which allows us to extend sar-graphs with new phrase patterns from FrameNet. The phrase-level linking, on the other hand, is fully automatic. We investigate the quality of the automatically constructed links and identify two main classes of errors.
O Impacto da dimensão e da estrutura de capitais na qualidade das demonstrações financeiras

Resumo: Neste artigo, os efeitos da dimensao e do nivel de endividamento sobre a qualidade das Demonstracoes Financeiras (DF) sao analisados para as empresas portuguesas. Para estimar a qualidade das DF recorremos a duas abordagens: as Necessidades de Fundo de Maneio (NFM) anormais e a Persistencia dos Resultados, as quais foram referidas por Schipper e Vicent (2003). A evidencia empirica mostra-nos que a dimensao determina a qualidade da informacao financeira e que esta relacao e positiva, ou seja, as empresas maiores tendem a apresentar melhor informacao. Assim as pequenas empresas carecem de mecanismos que garantam uma maior qualidade das DF. Contudo, este resultado so e estatisticamente significativo para uma das duas abordagens seguidas. Adicionalmente, a relacao entre a estrutura de capitais e a qualidade da demonstracao financeira nao e muito consistente.
The relative contributions of hepatic and peripheral tissues to insulin resistance in hyperandrogenic women.

Insulin resistance is associated with hyperandrogenic states. To determine the mechanisms by which androgen excess can affect insulin action, we studied insulin sensitivity in five nonobese hyperandrogenic women and six normal women. After oral glucose administration, the hyperandrogenic women had higher serum insulin concentrations than the normal women (P = 0.05). The mean cumulative peripheral serum insulin response in the hyperandrogenic women [79.6 +/- 30.8 (+/- SD) nmol/L.300 min] was significantly greater than that in the normal women (46.6 +/- 15.1 nmol/L.300 min; P less than 0.05). In the basal state and during hyperinsulinemic (20 mU/min.m2) euglycemic clamp studies serum insulin levels were similar in the two groups. Basal and insulin-mediated suppressions of hepatic glucose production determined from [3-3H]glucose specific activity were similar in the two groups. Peripheral glucose utilization was markedly diminished in the hyperandrogenic women compared to that in the normal women (27.8 +/- 6.7 vs 48.9 +/- 12.8 mumol/min.kg fat-free mass; P less than 0.01). We conclude that the insulin resistance in nonobese hyperandrogenic women is due to peripheral, but not hepatic, resistance to the action of insulin. This marked peripheral insulin resistance may result from the effects of hyperandrogenemia on skeletal muscle fiber morphology and metabolism.
Neuroprotection is associated with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists during cardiac surgery: evidence from 2,575 patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of perioperative beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) antagonist administration on neurologic complications. DESIGN Observational database analysis. SETTING A clinical investigation at a single tertiary academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Elective coronary artery bypass graft surgical patients operated on in the period 1994-1996. INTERVENTIONS Patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) patients given betaAR antagonist-blocking drugs in the perioperative period, including during operation, and (2) patients not given betaAR antagonists. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS betaAR antagonist use in 2,575 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (1994-1996) was determined using the Cardiovascular Database and Anesthesia Information System Database. Outcome variables were postoperative stroke, coma, and transient ischemic attack. Of patients, 113 (4.4%) had postoperative neurologic complications, including stroke (n = 44), coma (n = 12), and transient ischemic attack (n = 3). Of patients, 2,296 (89%) received perioperative betaAR antagonist therapy, and 279 (11%) did not. Adverse neurologic events occurred in 3.9% (n = 90) of patients who received perioperative betaAR antagonists and 8.2% (n = 23) of patients who did not receive betaAR antagonists (odds ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.73; p = 0.003, unadjusted.) Severe neurologic outcomes (stroke and coma) occurred in 1.9% (n = 44) of patients who received betaAR antagonists and 4.3% (n = 12) of patients who did not receive betaAR antagonists (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.83; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Use of beta-adrenergic antagonists was associated with a substantial reduction in the incidence of postoperative neurologic complications. A prospective randomized trial is needed to verify this potentially important neuroprotective strategy in cardiac surgery.
Gene therapy for in-stent restenosis: Targets and delivery system

the advent of the drug-eluting stent, the incidence of in-stent restenosis remains unacceptably high. Gene therapeutic strategies, including catheter-based gene delivery and gene-eluting stents, offer novel treatment methods to promote re-endothelialization, and inhibit inflammation, neointimal hyperplasia and late stent thrombosis. The translation of gene therapy into clinical application must be safe and requires an effective, site-specific delivery system as well as the ability to provide sustained transgene expression. The progress of magnetic nanotechnology and genetic engineering of human stem cells can provide such elements. In the present review, the authors discuss the evolution of antirestenosis therapy, underlying mechanisms of restenosis and the applications of gene therapy to prevent in-stent restenosis. Current gene delivery methods, including gene vectors and delivery strategies, are critically reviewed.
Identification of Putative Bovine Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells by Their Retention of Labeled DNA Strands

Stem cells appear to retain labeled DNA for extended periods because of their selective segregation of template DNA strands during mitosis. In this study, proliferating cells in the prepubertal bovine mammary gland were labeled using five daily injections of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Five weeks later, BrdU-labeled mammary epithelial cells were still evident. The percentage of BrdU-labeled epithelial cells was greatest in the lower region of the mammary gland, near the gland cistern, and was decreased toward the periphery of the parenchymal region, where the ducts were invading the mammary fat pad. Increased numbers of BrdU-labeled epithelial cells in basal regions of the gland are likely a consequence of decreased proliferation rates and increased cell cycle arrest in this area. In peripheral regions of mammary parenchyma, the percentage of heavily labeled epithelial cells averaged 0.24%, a number that is consistent with estimates of the frequency of stem cells in the mouse mammary gland. Epithelial label-retaining cells seemingly represent a slowly proliferating population of cells, as 5.4% of heavily labeled cells were positive for the nuclear proliferation antigen Ki67. Because epithelial label-retaining cells contain estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and ER-positive cells, they apparently comprise a mixed population, which I suggest is composed of ER-negative stem cells and ER-positive progenitors. Continuing studies will address the usefulness of this technique to identify bovine mammary stem cells and to facilitate studies of stem cell biology.
Localized disorders in myocardial contraction. Asynergy and its role in congestive heart failure.

CONGESTIVE heart failure has usually been considered to be a global affection of the myocardium in which disturbance of contraction in one or both ventricles is generalized. On the other hand, abnormal myocardial contraction may be caused by local areas of malfunctioning myocardium interacting with other areas of completely normal muscle. The possibility that unco-ordinated contraction of the heart results from such a combination of normal and abnormal muscle has received little attention. In 1925 Wiggers1 described the pattern of left ventricular contraction as a "series of sequential fractionate contractions of muscle bundles. " He suggested that disturbance in this temporal .
Analysis on Discharge Modes in AC Plasma Display Panel With Sustain Gap of 200  $\mu\hbox{m}$

The Vt close-curve measurement shows that there exists a surface (X-Y) discharge contour in spite of a large sustain gap of 200 mum greater than a barrier rib height of 125 mum. This indicates that there are two different discharge modes, i.e., one mode is to produce the surface discharge, and the other is to produce the surface discharge including the plate gap discharge. The two discharge modes are examined and analyzed based on the Vt close-curve movement on the cell voltage plane. The two discharge modes show the different discharge characteristics such as the sustain voltage level, Vt close-curve behavior, luminance, and luminous efficiency. In addition, the spatial wall charge, electron density behaviors, and their current flows as a function of time are investigated in detail using the numerical analysis.
The effects of acute oral antioxidants on diving‐induced alterations in human cardiovascular function

Diving‐induced acute alterations in cardiovascular function such as arterial endothelial dysfunction, increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and reduced heart function have been recently reported. We tested the effects of acute antioxidants on arterial endothelial function, PAP and heart function before and after a field dive. Vitamins C (2 g) and E (400 IU) were given to subjects 2 h before a second dive (protocol 1) and in a placebo‐controlled crossover study design (protocol 2). Seven experienced divers performed open sea dives to 30 msw with standard decompression in a non‐randomized protocol, and six of them participated in a randomized trial. Before and after the dives ventricular volumes and function and pulmonary and brachial artery function were assessed by ultrasound. The control dive resulted in a significant reduction in flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and heart function with increased mean PAP. Twenty‐four hours after the control dive FMD was still reduced 37% below baseline (8.1 versus 5.1%, P= 0.005), while right ventricle ejection fraction (RV‐EF), left ventricle EF and endocardial fractional shortening were reduced much less (∼2–3%). At the same time RV end‐systolic volume was increased by 9% and mean PAP by 5%. Acute antioxidants significantly attenuated only the reduction in FMD post‐dive (P < 0.001), while changes in pulmonary artery and heart function were unaffected by antioxidant ingestion. These findings were confirmed by repeating the experiments in a randomized study design. FMD returned to baseline values 72 h after the dive with pre‐dive placebo, whereas for most cardiovascular parameters this occurred earlier (24–48 h). Right ventricular dysfunction and increased PAP lasted longer. Acute antioxidants attenuated arterial endothelial dysfunction after diving, while reduction in heart and pulmonary artery function were unchanged. Cardiovascular changes after diving are not fully reversed up to 3 days after a dive, suggesting longer lasting negative effects.